bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Effects of Exercise Involvement and Learning Flow in the Relationship between Self-leadership and Self-efficacy of the MZ Generation College Students
Authors: Shin Hyung-Chul , Cho Su-Hee
Published: December 2024

This study aims to verify the structural relationship and mediating effects of exercise involvement and learning flow on the impact of self-leadership on self-efficacy improvement among Generation MZ college students, based on the phenomenon of increased emphasis on exercise. The study participants were 312 college students (168 males, 144 females) residing in Daejeon and Seoul. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. The research results are as follows. First, students’ self-leadership and exercise involvement had significant effects on self-efficacy. Second, students’ self-leadership significantly influenced exercise involvement and learning flow. Third, exercise involvement did not have a significant effect on learning flow. Fourth, learning flow had a significant effect on self-efficacy. Fifth, when examining the individual mediating effects of exercise involvement and learning flow in the relationship between self-leadership and self-efficacy, the mediating effect of exercise involvement was not significant, but the mediating effect of learning flow was statistically significant. Sixth, when examining the dual mediating effects of exercise involvement and learning flow in the relationship between self-leadership and self-efficacy, the mediating effects of exercise involvement and learning flow were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the study showed that students’ self-leadership, exercise involvement, and learning flow had significant effects on self-efficacy, and that self-leadership influenced exercise involvement and learning flow. However, exercise involvement did not directly influence learning flow. Additionally, the results suggest that in the relationship between self-leadership and self-efficacy, there was an influence through the process of learning flow, but self-leadership did not influence self-efficacy through the process of exercise involvement.
A nehézségi erőtér szerkezete helyi fizikai és geometriai jellemzőinek vizsgálata, az Eötvös- és a Marussi-tenzor kapcsolata
Authors: ÁDÁM József , TÓTH Gyula , VÖLGYESI Lajos
Published: December 2024

Az Eötvös- és a Marussi-tenzor a nehézségi erőtér potenciálja szintfelületeinek fizikai, illetve geometriaitulajdonságait írják le. A vonatkozó elméleti összefüggések régóta ismertek, de az ezek gyakorlati alkalmazhatóságátigazoló, valós mérési adatok felhasználásával elvégzett számítások mindeddig hiányoztak. Magyarország korábbi, elsőgravimetriai főalappontján (az Oltay-ponton) és a jelenlegi, a Mátyás-hegyi-barlangban található országos gravimetriaifőalapponton – részben saját méréseink alapján – rendelkezésre állnak a szükséges mérési adatok az ellenőrző számítások elvégzéséhez. Mindkét mérési ponton elemeztük a szintfelület és a függővonal fizikai és geometriai jellemzőit.
Identificación de péptidos lineales como prospectos inmunogénicos in silico contra Anaplasma marginale
Authors: Guadarrama Albarrán Cristopher Favian , Salinas Estrella Elizabeth , Cobaxin Cárdenas Mayra Elizeth , Rodríguez Camarillo Sergio Darío
Published: December 2024

Anaplasma marginale es un patógeno con una amplia diversidad genética, la cual ha dificultado el desarrollo de vacunas eficientes para la prevención y control de la anaplasmosis bovina. Mediante el uso de programas bioinformáticos se realizó una predicción de péptidos lineales de proteínas de membrana que contuvieran en su secuencia epítopos B, para su posible proposición como candidatos a inmunógenos. Este trabajo es una aproximación in silico para la posterior síntesis en formato péptidos multiantigénicos sintéticos (MAP) y su subsecuente evaluación in vivo, de forma que se analice la efectividad en la generación de una respuesta inmune protectora frente a un desafío heterólogo con cepas de Anaplasma marginale.
Plantas que protegen: explorando alternativas ecológicas para la prevención de la corrosión
Authors: Hermoso Díaz Irma Alondra , González Rodríguez José Gonzalo
Published: December 2024

La química verde, conocida también como química sostenible, ha encontrado un aliado en la contienda contra la degradación de metales y aleaciones, a través del uso de extractos de plantas como inhibidores de corrosión. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de difundir hallazgos clave en la investigación de los inhibidores de corrosión a base de extractos de plantas, su origen, su mecanismo de funcionamiento, las ventajas y desafíos de su uso y algunas técnicas experimentales para evaluar su eficiencia. Se ilustra cómo la ciencia y la ingeniería pueden converger en soluciones respetuosas con el medio ambiente a un problema global, como lo es la degradación de los metales.
Optimasi Model Semi-Supervised Learning dengan SVM dan Naïve Bayes
Authors: Hasibuan Muhammad Siddik , Nasution Yusuf Ramadhan
Published: December 2024

Determining labels in text mining is the most important thing, apart from using lexicon based, you can also use human understanding to interpret sentences into positive, negative and neutral categories. Sentiment analysis is to measure an opinion taken from tweets to be able to analyze the text. Researchers carry out a learning process and data testing. The focus of this research is to be able to determine the polarization of text into positive, negative and neutral forms using a semi-supervised machine learning model. In the previous data training process, labeling was carried out using human understanding to obtain positive, negative and neutral labels. Next, in the testing process, the data is not labeled, the role of the learning machine is so that the test data gets a label. The semi-supervised learning (SSL) technique is used to label unlabeled data with the algorithm used to process the training data using SVM and NB. The statistical evaluation used is cross validation and to measure the level of accuracy of the two algorithms using a confusion matrix. SVM received a high accuracy score in this study compared to NB, SVM got a high accuracy score in this study compared to NB, SVM got 88.97% accuracy and NB 83.02%
Implementasi Sistem Keamanan Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan GPS Berbasis IoT
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , Hay's Riyan Naufal , Bahari Faisal Rizki
Published: December 2024

Rapid technological advancements have driven the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based products, enabling communication between devices via the internet network. Currently, motor vehicle security system is typically performed in a manual manner, such as through the use of steering locks, chains, or wheel locks. This research aims to design and implement an IoT-based vehicle security system that can be controlled automatically. The system integrates hardware components, such as NodeMCU, relays, GPS modules, and fingerprint sensors, with software including Arduino sketch and the Blynk application. The test results show that the system can generate key data, including control range, follow-up to disconnect the vehicle's electrical system, and vehicle location tracking in the form of coordinates accessible through the Maps application. The research resulted in a security system that can be accessed through two methods: close-range using a fingerprint sensor as a replacement for traditional keys, and remotely through the Blynk application connected to IoT technology.

 

 
Lewinskya araucarieti (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta): un nuevo musgo epífito para la brioflora de Argentina
Authors: Alvarez Denise J. , Aceñolaza Pablo G. , Suárez Guillermo M.
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Lewinskya is a genus belonging to the Orthotrichaceae, characterized by comprising autoicous species with superficial stomata. Lewinskya araucarieti was identified from specimens collected in Entre Ríos province, constituting the first report for Argentina.
M&M: The specimens were morphologically analyzed through measurements of their structures (gametophyte and sporophyte). Vouchers were deposited in DTE, LIL, and MFA. Additionally, samples from other Lewinskya species previously recorded in Argentina, housed in the BA herbarium, were also analyzed.
Results: The species is described in detail, including photographs, illustrations, and a distribution map. Furthermore, a comparative table is provided with the differential characteristics of the species of the genus present in Argentina.
Conclusions: This paper corroborates the presence of Lewinskya araucarieti in Argentina, adding to previous records of this South American endemism (Brazil, Uruguay and Chile).
La Micropropagación de Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae)
Authors: Schaller Silvia C. , Dolce Natalia R. , Mroginski Luis A. , Medina Ricardo D.
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: The potato vine (Anredera cordifolia) is a climbing plant of the Basellaceae family, with extensive potential for both food and medicinal purposes. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for this species.
M&M: Different factors that affect the different stages of the process were evaluated, including adjustments in the disinfection of plant material for aseptic culture establishment, in vitro multiplication, and greenhouse acclimatization of the regenerated plants.
Results: For aseptic establishment, the most effective treatment in avoiding contamination, allowing explant survival, and promoting plant regeneration was the use of 1.7% active Cl. In the in vitro multiplication stage, the influence of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and its dilutions were tested. It was demonstrated that the original concentration of MS was the most suitable for plant regeneration and promoted the highest rates of in vitro multiplication. In vitro plants derived from different dilutions of the MS basal medium were transferred to ex vitro growth conditions. Plants regenerated in MS reduced to a quarter exhibited the highest survival rate compared to the other treatments.
Conclusion: This study constitutes the first attempt to the micropropagation of A. cordifolia. This contribution is crucial for the establishment of an efficient large-scale propagation system as well as for germplasm preservation of this species.
Path Dependency of the Japanese Emperorship: The Case of Emperor Akihito’s Abdication
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kim Yong-Min , Jung Sung-Eun
Published: December 2024

On August 8, 2016, Japanese Emperor Akihito expressed his desire to abdicate the throne in the coming few years. The eighty-two-year-old, who had experienced health problems in recent years, did not wish to remain emperor if he had to curtail his official public duties due to age-related concerns over his ability to carry them out. This is the very first case of abdication in the history of modern Japanese emperorship. However, the Japanese government and Prime Minister Abe Shinzo prefer a one-off special law, rather than a permanent change in the Imperial Household Law. I explore the reasons for this phenomenon and hypothesize that, in response to external shocks such as abdication, the Japanese emperorship system makes only temporary changes rather than permanent modifications of the Imperial Household Law as the institution follows the path dependency of historical institutionalism. For this reason, I argue, the possibility of seeing a reigning Japanese empress in the near future will be remote, as historical institutionalism suggests. This likely is due to the unique importance of the Japanese emperorship to conservative Japanese. However, gender equality of Japanese Emperorship may become an important factor in the future. Japanese emperorship is indispensable element to understand Japanese modern politics and most misunderstood Japanese institution in Korean society. To understand the modern Japanese emperorship which experienced huge changes after world war II, this abdication is most important incident in modern Japanese history and great case of showing constitutional monarchy status unlike militarism emperorship in the past.
The Research on the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Development in China Based
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Hao Yuanyuan , Cho Hong Chong
Published: December 2024

Energy resources are an important for social and economic development and reflect the standard of living of the people. Energy and economic development are closely related, interdependent and mutually reinforcing. So Energy plays an important role in the development of human society. With the development of human civilization, the demand and dependence of energy will keep increasing. Especially in the industrial era, large-scale industrial production requires a lot of energy to provide power support. Energy has become more essential for national economic sustainability, and stable development. Therefore, there is a very close and important relationship between energy and economic growth. Energy provides the necessary power to economic growth, and the growth of economy can enhance energy efficiency and optimize the energy consumption structure.
Since Chinese economic reform in 1988, the consumption of energy has been growing rapidly. The number of energy consumption is 958.1 million tons of standard coal in 1988, while in 2018, this number increased to 3.77 billion tons which is 3.93 times of 1988. The average annual growth rate of energy consumption from 1988 to 2018 is 4.6%. China has become the world’s second largest energy consumption country in 2018. In the point of that the average annual growth rate of GDP from 1988 to 2018 is 9.63%, both of energy sector and economy in China are growing massively and simultaneously. However, After 30 years of Chinese economic reform, energy sector has not yet reached the status of sustainable development in spite of a substantial increase of energy efficiency. Recently, China’s energy development faces many serious problems. These are caused by resource-intensive, energy-intensive, capital-intensive and pollution-intensive structure in China’s industrial development model. Therefore, in order to build a harmonious society, it has great significant meaning to study the relationship between energy consumption and an economic growth.
The theme of this paper is the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. The purpose of this paper is analyzing how to achieve the coordinated development of energy sector and the economy. So based on vector autoregressive (VAR) model, Empirical analysis of the relationship between time series variables. In the time series from 1988 to 2018, establish relevant VAR model through China’s total energy consumption, energy industry capital investment, secondary industry labor input, secondary industry’s contribution to GDP, and time data such as GDP, analyzed empirically, cointegration test, impulse response function, variance decomposition and Granger causality test.
A Study on Korean School Architectural Design Suggestions through School and Architecture Design in Germany and Japan
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Ji Hye , Lee Young A
Published: December 2024

Architecture design of a country is decided and promoted under the influence of urban planning, culture of society and environment at national level.
The building which member of society will use is the product reflecting ease of use and many considerations. We were born and we spend time at school during the most important period for the development of personality.
However, several previous studies have shown that schools have only slightly changed in scale compared to our growth, but have remained almost unchanged.
Since the modern era, school life has been studied in a rectangular classroom like a prison, where students dressed in school uniforms instead of clothes expressing their own personality, sitting on the same desk and chairs and studying. It is a school architecture design that is far from the environment where students can develop originality and creativity because they are accustomed to align their personal life in one frame of school.
In order to educate students with creativity and originality as well as important spaces to cultivate talents representing a nation, changes in school architecture were needed.
The purpose of this study is to suggest the current and future Korean school architecture design through the examples of European and Asian countries which have positive effect on the change of school architecture.
Of course, these models are not perfect in the case of developed countries. Therefore, the future direction is to re-create the space for students reflecting Korean culture and emotion. The recent “Classroom with Dreams” project is an example of the changing design of Korean school architecture. If we continue to plan and supplement the design by reflecting Korean culture and curriculum through positive cases, it can be used as an advanced case of school architecture design in the future.
Factors regarding character of Nonprofit Organization’s volunteer and regular donation: Focusing on volunteers of Korean Red Cross
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Ae Lyeon , Choi Jong Hyuk
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of volunteer work in domestic nonprofit organizations and volunteers’ perception of factors influencing regular donation. For doing this, volunteers working for Korean Red Cross which represents a domestic nonprofit organization were mostly examined. Volunteers, whose career ranged from less than 1 year to more than 10 years, responded to the survey.
Results showed that 55.9% of respondents regularly donated Korean Red Cross but 44.1% did not contribute. 69.7% of respondents were small donors who regularly donated less than 30,000 won. It was found that the most big reason not to regularly donate was ‘financial status’ (42.4%). Another reasons were that ‘the trust issue on transparency of managing accounting’ (19.8%) and ‘Korean Red Cross operated by the budget from the government’ (15.1%). It was identified that 63.7% of respondents who did not regularly contribute Korean Red Cross did not donate other nonprofit organizations, too. Donating other nonprofit organizations seemed not to be an lternative activity of regularly donating Korean Red Cross. Therefore, as a strategy to invigorate regular donation to Korean Red Cross, rather than emphasis on differently operating Korean Red Cross from other nonprofit organizations, endeavors such as presenting accurate information on not only the activities of Korean Red Cross but also the management of regular donation, and conducting public relation internally and externally are necessary in multiple angles.
Results from factor analysis indicated that items related to the perception of Korean Red Cross were composed of 4 sub-categories, ‘perception of the nonprofit organization’, ‘satisfaction of the management of regular donation’, ‘perception of the need of regular donation’, and ‘efficacy through donating’. In order to verify relations between factors through respondents’ response, multiple regression with ‘satisfaction of the management of regular donation’ as a dependent variable was performed. As a result, statistically, ‘satisfaction with the management of regular donation’ had a significant correlation with other 3 variables (F=74.710***). Accordingly, efforts to raise the awareness of the organization, promote the perception of the need of regular donation, and create a proper rewarding system through contributing are most important so as to height donators’ satisfaction as for regular donation. Meanwhile, this study was limited to respondents who were volunteers working for Korean Red Cross. Therefore, it is necessary to seek methods to exhort citizens’ donation by further studies on citizens’ donation.
The relationship between the size of listed companies and discretionary revenues
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, CHA Sangkwon , Kim Dong-Pil
Published: December 2024

With the recent increase in interest in accounting transparency, the audit system and internal account- ing management system have been strengthened for listed companies, and at the center of these discussions was the accounting transparency of listed small and medium-sized fims. Nevertheless, the study was intended to provide empirical evidence of the high opacity of accounting information for listed small and medium-sized firms, as the study looked very limited to see if there were any differences in the quality of financial reporting depending on the size of listed companies. To this end, 15,231 firm-year in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ market from 2001 to 2017 looked at whether earnings management through revenue items known as financial reporting intervention accounts most commonly used by managers differed depending on the size of companies. The summary of the empirical analysis result showed that the small sizes firm is associated with the amount of discretionary revenue. These results mean that the quality of financial reporting by listed SMEs is low. Unlike the preceding study, which analyzed the method of earnings management through cost items, the empirical analysis results of this study suggest that small and medium-sized firms are adjusting their profits through revenue accounts, which means that they need to establish policies for them because they have higher uncertainty in their earnings. In addition, given the very limited research on revenue, which is the largest component of earnings, the empirical analysis results of this study suggest that future earnings adjustments should be reflected in small and medium firms’ earnings management studies.
Comparison of Reference Types of Women in South and North Korea: Focusing on Articles Published by Government Magazines
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Shin Hyung-Deok , Park JooYeon , You NamWon
Published: December 2024

This study investigated and compared reference types of woman between liberal and socialist societies. Women’s right movements, or Feminism, have developed since 1840’s aiming to free gender roles in those societies. However, due to different political orientations and cultural backgrounds, direct compar- isons of reference types of women between those societies have been done. Taking the benefits of the common cultural backgrounds and a political unity before 1945 among South and North Korean societies, this study was able to overcome the limitation. Based on 161 magazine articles published in  and , which were published in 2014-2018, we analyzed women’s images that are oriented in the inter-Korean society, respectively. These magazines are government pub- lications of South and North Korea, which are published about women with prominent social activities. In particular, the distribution of articles corresponding to each standard was analyzed using four criteria for selecting the winners of the Women’s Association Council in South Korea and four criteria for North Korea to refer to as desirable North Korean women in the Women’s Alliance Protocol. Using govern- ment-issuing magazine articles, this study compared South and North Korean reference types of women directly, and found that self-initiativeness is the most important virtue in common in two societies. However, for the second-most important virtue, South Korean society found women’s capability and North one found women’s educational duty. These results are significant in terms of comparative cultural studies related to social gender roles. The flow of research on social gender roles centered on feminism theory has been followed by liberal feminism that formed the first wave of feminism (1840-1920s), social- ist/progressive feminism that formed the second wave (1960-1990s), and postmodernist feminism that formed the third wave (1990s). This trend shows the difference in the study of social gender roles formed in liberal and socialist countries, where history and culture differ. But feminism studies in different social system of direct comparison is not easy due to the ways of different history and culture. However, this study based on South and North Korean society, which shared the same history and culture before modern times, suggests an example of how feminist issues affect the social system of liberalism and socialism.
Financial Constraint and Conditional Conservatism
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, CHA Sangkwon
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between financial constraints and conditional conservatism. Previous studies pointed out that the greater the financial constraints, the greater the involvement of managers in financial reporting, and tax avoidance to create cash flows within the firm is performed, which can intensify information asymmetry. It was pointed out that the greater the financial constraints, the greater the plunge in share prices, which can occur due to the fact that managers do not timely include bad news about the company in their financial statements for additional financing. Therefore, in order to verify this, this study noted that it is currently omitted despite the proactive analysis of the timeliness of low bad news in financial constraint companies, which is the most important cause in research on financial constraints and capital markets. An empirical analysis was conducted on the KOSPI market and the KOSDAQ market from 2007 to 2020. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that financial constraints and conditional conservatism had a negative relationship. In other words, it was reported that the greater the financial constraints, the lower the timeliness of losses. Second, the negative relationship between financial constraints and conditional conservatism was observed more clearly as the size of auditors large and in the KOSDAQ market, and this result was confirmed to be observed the same in both accruals-cash flow models and market-based models. This study expanded the preceding research as a study that pointed out that accounting policies in companies with large financial constraints can also reduce the level of conservative accounting, a method of improving the financial foundation and efficiency of contracts.
Analysis of Risk-based Premium Rate of Deposit Insurance for Korean Property & Liability Insurance Business
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Chang Dong-Han , Oh Ki-Seok
Published: December 2024

Risk-based premium rate system has been adopted since 2014 for Korean deposit insurance to promote equity of rate making and to prevent moral hazard of financial institutions and they differentiate deposit insurance premium rate based upon business performance and financial condition of each insurance company. Setting 0.15% for standard deposit insurance premium rate for insurance business, they can scale up or down the final rate for each insurer within ±10%. It is controversial whether the current risk-based premium rate mechanism is good enough for promoting efficiency and equity of the Korean deposit insurance system. This study is to test efficiency and equity of the Korean deposit insurance system using the data of 4 major P&L insurance companies according to OPM(Option Pricing Model) analysis. Data analysis shows that the risk-based premium rates of all 4 companies are much lower than 0.15%, the current standard deposit insurance premium rate for insurance business. Inefficiently high deposit insurance premium rate is a serious problem causing too much reserving and business burden to insurance companies and eventually burden to insurance consumers. Also, the current risk-based premium rate mechanism is found not good enough to meet the goal of promoting equity of deposit insurance system.
A study on the factors affecting internal corporate venture startup intention: Focusing on the cases of Electric Power Energy public enterprises in Korea
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Seo Jong chun , Park Ji Yun
Published: December 2024

In this study, the study model (Ajzen, 1991) of the Planned Action Theory (TPB) was applied to the Intention of Internal Corporate Venture Start-up and to analyze the factors affecting the intention of starting a business, 310 members of power-energy public enterprises in Korea were verified by applying a structural equation. As a result of the test, Personal Innovativeness was rejected as a significant factor in Attitudes toward Corporate Entrepreneurship Behavior, and Self-esteem was found to be significant and adopted.
The Awareness of Organizational Support and Awareness of Supervisor Support were also found to be significant as factors affecting the Perceived Behavioral Control Power of Corporate Entrepreneurship. It was confirmed that Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control factors were all significant factors as factors influencing the Intention of Internal Corporate Venture Startup.
In this study, the factors of influence on the Intention of Internal Corporate Venture Startup, which reflect the personal psychological factors of the start-up and the characteristics of the state-run corporation, which are areas lacking in prior research, were identified, and the Electric Power Energy Public Corporation in Korea provided the theoretical and practical implications necessary for introducing or activating the Internal Corporate Venture System, and for the improvement of the system.
The Effect of Problem Solving and Learning Promotion on Work Innovation Behavior through Job Satisfaction
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Byun TaeByung , Park JiYun
Published: December 2024

Recently, many companies have introduced a coaching strategy as a way to create performance. In order to lead to more effective results, it is important to analyze how coaching behavior, which is one of corporate innovation behaviors, affects final job satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was that conducted the structural equation for 210 people working at KT&G to empirical analysis on how problem solving and learning promotion of coaching activities affect job satisfaction and innovative behavior. As a result of the analysis, the effect of problem resolution innovative behavior was rejected because it was insignificant, and it was stated that the relationship between problem resolution and task satisfaction, the relationship between task satisfaction, the relationship between learning promotion and innovative behavior, and the relationship between task satisfaction and innovative behavior were both statistically significant. This study empirically analyzed the factors influencing each variable who lacked prior research examples, and analyzed the factors affecting job satisfaction and innovative behavior to respond to rapidly changing environments and change the attitude of members and managers to secure competitive advantage in the organization, while also providing theoretical and practical implications to achieve the desired goal of creating performance, which is the goal of the organization.
A Study on The Effect of Chinese Wang-Hong Live Streaming on Consumers’ Purchase and Word-of-Mouth Intentions
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Hwang Kumju , Ye Luye
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of Wang-Hong live streaming on consumer behavior, which recently received much attention in China. This study investigated the effects of two-way communication and responsiveness as characteristics of live streaming on flow, and the effects of self-efficacy and social presence as viewer characteristics on flow. In addition, this study also examined the effect of avatar customization and avatar identification as an avatar role of Wang-Hong on flow. Finally, this study tried to examine the effect of flow on vicarious satisfaction, and then to examine the effect of vicarious satisfaction on consumers’ purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention. In this study, a survey was conducted on consumers who used Wang-Hong live streaming in China, and the data was analyzed based on the structural equation modeling. The result shows that two-way communication and responsiveness had a positive effect on flow. Second, self-efficacy and social presence had a positive effect on the flow. Third, it was found that avatar customization and avatar identification had a positive effect on the flow. Fourth, flow had a positive effect on vicarious satisfaction, and finally, vicarious satisfaction had a positive effect on consumers’ purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention. The results of this study not only provide theoretical implications for future research on Wang-Hong marketing, but also give companies which apply Wang- Hong marketing with some practical implications.
Analysis on the Determinants of Economic Growth in European and Central Asian Transition Economies
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Song Cheol Jong
Published: December 2024

This study From a long-term perspective, this study analyzed the economic growth factors of transition countries in Europe and Central Asia and the role of transition indicators such as privatization, liberalization, and structural reform in the process of economic growth. The countries analyzed are 29 transition countries in Europe and Central Asia for which the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development has built a transition indicators. The difference from previous studies is that, first, the analysis was conducted using a longer period. Second, the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which showed marked differences in the economic growth and the transition index, were divided.
As a growth regression analysis method, a fixed effect analysis using instrumental variables was performed. Growth regression analysis adopts economic growth rate as a dependent variable and includes macroeconomic variables and policy variables as explanatory variables. In this study, six transition indicators were added as explanatory variables to analyze the effect of the transition process on economic growth. The analysis period is 1992-2014, which is the period in which the transition indicators has been established.
As a result of the analysis, in the analysis from 1992 to 2014, small-scale privatization among the transition indicators promoted economic growth. On the other hand, price liberalization was found to hamper the economic growth, which appears to be due to extreme inflation caused by monetary overhang at the beginning of the transition to a market economy. In addition, trade and foreign exchange system also promoted economic growth. In macroeconomic variables, government expenditure, trade openness, fertility rate and inflation showed significant results. In addition, the economic growth factors of CEEC and CIS are different, suggesting the need to distinguish between CEEC and CIS. In CEEC, governance and enterprise restructuring and competition policy led to economic growth, and among macroeconomic variables, trade openness promoted economic growth. On the other hand, trade and foreign exchange system, government spending and inflation were found to hinder economic growth. In CIS, among the transition in-dicators, small-scale privatization and trade and foreign exchange system played a positive role on economic growth. Among macroeconomic variables, an increase in the investment and trade openness played a role in promoting economic growth.
A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurial Environment on Entrepreneurial Performance of Chinese women: Focusing on Entrepreneurial Learning
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Hu Jiajia , Li Qiong
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, most countries attach great importance to the development of entrepreneurship and encourage women to choose the path of entrepreneurship because the successful development of entrepreneurial activities can not only promote economic growth social progress, create jobs, and relieve employment pressure, but also help to improve the social and family status of women and promote gender equality. Female entrepreneurs are becoming the focus of scholarly research. Research on female entrepreneurs is being conducted directly and separately, rather than being limited to a comparison of gender differences between men and women or in a male-dominated environment.
The research purpose is to achieve the following objectives through data research on entrepreneurial women and questionnaire analysis. First, to investigate the current situation and problems of female entrepreneurs, to show the accurate data and actual status of female entrepreneurs. Second, based on the entrepreneurial process theory, this study explores the issues related to female entrepreneurs, combining entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial performance, and analyzes how the entrepreneurial environment affects the development of entrepreneurial enterprises in female entrepreneurship.Third, this study analyzes the process of female entrepreneurship by combining entrepreneurship theory, gender theory, and entrepreneurial learning theory and explores the relationship between entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial performance by using SPSS26.0 and AMOS27.0. This study used literature research, questionnaire research, and other research methods to conduct questionnaire research on 565 female entrepreneurs, collected data related to their entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial performance, and constructed a model of the female entrepreneurial process. The study also explores the factors and mechanisms that influence female entrepreneurial performance.
Research results show that entrepreneurial environment has a significant positive impact on both entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial learning of female entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial learning plays a significant mediating role between entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial performance.
Current Status and Direction of English Education in Multilingual System of India
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lim Young
Published: December 2024

This paper compares the utility and side effects of English in India's multilingual system and argues for the timely necessity of English education for local women. To this end, previous studies related to English education in India are introduced, and the characteristics and problems of English education in India are highlighted through recent OECD data. In the process, the difference between the share of 25-34 year-old women and men with tertiary attainment, share of 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary attainment, employment rates of 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary attainment by gender, and ratio of students to teaching staff in primary and lower secondary education are analyzed. As a result, it is emphasized that English has an integrated function to choose from in a multilingual system including Hindi and a significant value of the time to adapt to the neoliberal international environment. However, due to prejudice and gender discrimination practices in regions such as urban and rural areas, English education has shown a negative effect of solidifying an unequal social structure instead of a universal rise in status. Finally, this paper proposes that the Indian government should compile a larger budget to improve the number and ability of teachers to ensure the sustainable development of English education in a multilingual system. At this time, the level of education for women living in rural areas will be a valid indicator of English education.
A Study on the Characteristics of the General Introduction of the 2022 Revised Curriculum and the Vietnamese Curriculum: Focusing on Developing Learner Competency
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Kang-woo
Published: December 2024

As a Vietnamese instructor, the researcher initially focused on developing efficient Vietnamese teaching techniques, but this limited the improvement of learners' Vietnamese speaking skills, and there was a problem consciousness that Vietnamese speaking ability lacked a direct relationship with learners' ability to solve problems in life. Although certain results were achieved by designing and operating classes that applied innovative teaching methods to develop learners' competencies, it was recognized that it was necessary to create an educational environment aimed at fostering competency through revision of the national curriculum. And I have been watching the revised process and contents of the 2022 curriculum.
Through this study, the researcher compared the background, process, and main contents of the 2022 revised curriculum generalization and the Vietnamese subject curriculum among Vietnamese subjects with the 2015 curriculum to examine the differences and characteristics. Compared to the 2015 curriculum, the revision of the 2022 curriculum was based on national consensus, including various educational subjects such as teachers, students, and parents, reflecting the demand of the times that education should strengthen the competence related to the learner's life context.
The significance of the 2022 curriculum revision can be said to be the establishment of an educational environment that fosters the ability to take the initiative in responding to changing situations. If the 2015 curriculum is limited to the context of the curriculum due to lack of linkage between content elements, and if the knowledge is trapped in solving questions, the 2022 revised curriculum has created an educational environment so that it can be generalized into competencies and displayed in the context of life.
The Vietnamese curriculum faithfully reflects the direction of the revised curriculum general in the curriculum goal and content system. In particular, the core idea of the content system can be evaluated as securing interconnection between [knowledge and understanding], [process and function], and [value and attitude] so that the knowledge acquired through class can be used as a generalized ability to solve life problems.
The Impact of ODA to the Economic Development of Recipient Countries from the Perspective of Resource Allocation
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Yim Hyungrok
Published: December 2024

This paper is designed to testify if Korea’s ODA contributed to the economic development of its recipient countries. In order to pursue the topic, a theoretic model is constructed, which ultimately proves if ODA can enhance the welfare of any recipient country. In the model, the direct effect of Korea’s ODA is distinguished frsom its indirect effect while taking a networking effect into consideration. The direct effect means that ODA itself can be used as inputs for expanding the economic size of recipient countries. In contrast, the indirect effect measures the ODA’s contributions to the infrastructure development of recipient countries. In the long-run, ODA, entangled with the recipient country’s internal resources, can create positive joint contribution to the economic welfare for recipient country group; this effect is named to be the networking effect. The model makes three important predictions. In general, the marginal contribution of a donor country’s ODA may not be greater than that of a recipient country’s. Thus, a negative view on the role of ODA can prevail. However, ODA is able to create a networking effect even within poorly resource endowed countries. Furthermore, from the perspective of total effects, the marginal networking effect of ODA becomes to outweigh the direct and indirect effects of ODA in the long run. Some empirical works prove these predictions. First, in terms of total effects, Korea’s ODAs are shown to have significant and positive effects on the welfare of recipient countries. Second, a larger total effect is found even within African countries compared to other areas, which coincides to the predictions of the model. Hence, in terms of total welfare contributions, Korea’s ODAs can be said to have contributed the economic growth of recipient groups.
A Study on the Use Satisfaction and Reuse Intention for the Meal-Kit in Chinese Consumers: Focusing on the TPB and Perceived Risk
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Jin Jiexiang , Ryu Mihyun
Published: December 2024

Recently, demand for meal-kit that can be easily consumed is growing rapidly due to the recent increase in single-person households, increase in women’s economic activities, demographic changes such as low birth rate and aging, new technology, and COVID-19. In this study, to understand use satisfaction and reuse intention about meal-kit of Chinese consumers, this study applied variables related to theory of planned behavior(TPB) and added factors related to perceived risk and variables associated with consumer characteristics and then analyzed their effects on use satisfaction and reuse intention. The main results and implications of this study are as follows. First, variables related to TPB such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control are found to have positive effects on use satisfaction and reuse intention. Second, variables related to perceived risk about meal-kit such as physical risk, economic risk, and social risk are found to have negative effects on satisfaction and reuse intention. Third, among the variables related to consumer characteristics about meal-kit, price sensitivity is found to have positive effects on reuse intention. Lastly, it has been found that use satisfaction with the use of meal-kit has positive effects on reuse intention. Based on the results, in this study intends to provide basic material for consumer education and information provision that can induce consumers to use meal-kit reasonably and also allow companies to have foundational material that are usable in establishing marketing strategies to improve use satisfaction and reuse intention.