bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimento da população brasileira acerca da doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes
Authors: Souza Camila Cella de , Nascimento Elisa Kowalski Kologeski do , Quadros Alexander de , Dellanhese Amanda Pereira Ferreira , Lysakowski Simone , Fernandes Morgana Thais Carollo
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e aceitação da população brasileira sobre o diagnóstico da morte encefálica (ME) e doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, transversal, realizado por conveniência, através da aplicação de um questionário online, pela Plataforma do Google Forms®, tendo as perguntas embasadas nas leis regulamentares da doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes no Brasil. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 406 sujeitos, prevalecendo o sexo feminino (73,60%), com faixa etária entre 18 e 30 anos (45,80%), cursando o ensino superior (33,20%) e autodeclarados católicos (35,40%). Do total, 93,10% dos participantes se declararam favoráveis à doação de órgãos, apesar de 71,10% acreditar que exista a comercialização de órgãos e tecidos. Conclusão: Campanhas e informativos sobre o assunto devem ser intensificados, contendo informações claras e objetivas, a fim de elucidar a população frente ao tema, buscando assim aumentar o número de doadores efetivos no país.
Mechanical Reshaping of Inorganic Nanostructures with Weak Nanoscale Forces
Authors: Rehn Sarah M. , Gerrard-Anderson Theodor M. , Qiao Liang , Jones Matthew R.
Published: August 2020

Inorganic nanomaterials are often depicted as rigid structures whose shape is permanent. However, forces that are ordinarily considered weak can exert sufficient stress at the nanoscale to drive mechanical deformation. Here, we leverage van der Waals (VdW) interactions to mechanically reshape inorganic nanostructures from planar to curvilinear. Modified plate deformation theory shows that high aspect ratio 2D particles can be plastically deformed via VdW forces. Informed by this finding, silver nanoplates were deformed over spherical iron oxide template particles, resulting in distinctive bend contour patterns in bright field (BF) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. High resolution (HR) TEM images of deformed areas reveal the presence of highly strained bonds in the material. Finally, we show the distance between two nearby template particles allows for the engineering of several distinct curvilinear morphologies. This work challenges the traditional view of nanoparticles as static objects and introduces methods for post-synthetic mechanical shape control.
The RECQL helicase prevents replication fork collapse during replication stress
Authors: Benedict Bente , van Bueren Marit AE , van Gemert Frank PA , Lieftink Cor , Guerrero Llobet Sergi , van Vugt Marcel ATM , Beijersbergen Roderick L , te Riele Hein
Published: August 2020

Most tumors lack the G1/S phase checkpoint and are insensitive to antigrowth signals. Loss of G1/S control can severely perturb DNA replication as revealed by slow replication fork progression and frequent replication fork stalling. Cancer cells may thus rely on specific pathways that mitigate the deleterious consequences of replication stress. To identify vulnerabilities of cells suffering from replication stress, we performed an shRNA-based genetic screen. We report that the RECQL helicase is specifically essential in replication stress conditions and protects stalled replication forks against MRE11-dependent double strand break (DSB) formation. In line with these findings, knockdown of RECQL in different cancer cells increased the level of DNA DSBs. Thus, RECQL plays a critical role in sustaining DNA synthesis under conditions of replication stress and as such may represent a target for cancer therapy.
Analytical method validation of reversed phase HPLC for quantitative analysis of tartrazine and auramine o in powder drinks
Authors: Lestari A.D. , Rohman A. , Martono S.
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to perform analytical method validation of high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) technique using photo-diode array detector for the simultaneous
determination of Tartrazine (TAR) and Auramine O (AUO) in powder drink products.
TAR and AUO were analysed using Waters Shield C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5
µm) using PDA detector at 300-650 nm. The mobile phase used was acetonitrileammonium acetate 19 mM (86:14 v/v) delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/
min. The optimized HPLC condition was subjected to analytical method validation by
assessing some performance characteristics as guided by International Conference on
Harmonization (ICH). The method was linear over the studied concentration ranges with
the coefficient of determination (R2
) of 0.999 and 0.997 for TAR and AUR with %
intercept less than 2%, respectively. The developed method was sensitive with a limit of
detection value of 0.0325 μg/mL and 0.1052 μg/mL for TAR and AUO, respectively. The
method is also accurate and precise as indicated with acceptable recovery values of 99.0-
100.7% for TAR and 102.1-106.5% for AUO with relative standard deviation (RSD)
values lower than those required by Association of Official Analytical
Chemists’ (AOAC). The developed method is simple and can be used for routine analysis
of TAR and AUO for quality assurance purposes of powder drinks.
Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand
Authors: Kibblewhite R , Nettleton A , McLean R , Haszard J , Fleming E , Kruimer D , Te Morenga Lisa
Published: August 2020

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The reduction of free or added sugar intake (sugars added to food and drinks as a sweetener) is almost universally recommended to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases and dental caries. The World Health Organisation recommends intakes of free sugars of less than 10% of energy intake. However, estimating and monitoring intakes at the population level is challenging because free sugars cannot be analytically distinguished from naturally occurring sugars and most national food composition databases do not include data on free or added sugars. We developed free and added sugar estimates for the New Zealand (NZ) food composition database (FOODfiles 2010) by adapting a method developed for Australia. We reanalyzed the 24 h recall dietary data collected for 4721 adults aged 15 years and over participating in the nationally representative 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey to estimate free and added sugar intakes. The median estimated intake of free and added sugars was 57 and 49 g/day respectively and 42% of adults consumed less than 10% of their energy intake from free sugars. This approach provides more direct estimates of the free and added sugar contents of New Zealand foods than previously available and will enable monitoring of adherence to free sugar intake guidelines in future.
Using codesign to develop a culturally tailored, behavior change mHealth intervention for indigenous and other priority communities: A case study in New Zealand
Authors: Verbiest Marjolein EA , Corrigan Callie , Dalhousie Sally , Firestone Ridvan , Funaki Tevita , Goodwin Debbie , Grey Jacqui , Henry Akarere , Humphrey Gayl , Jull Andrew , Vano Mereaumate , Pekepo Crystal , Morenga Lisa Te , Whittaker Robyn , Mhurchu Cliona Ni
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The obesity rate in New Zealand is one of the highest worldwide (31%), with highest rates among Māori (47%) and Pasifika (67%). Codesign was used to develop a culturally tailored, behavior change mHealth intervention for Māori and Pasifika in New Zealand. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the codesign methods and processes and describe how these were used to inform and build a theory-driven approach to the selection of behavioral determinants and change techniques. The codesign approach in this study was based on a partnership between Māori and Pasifika partners and an academic research team. This involved working with communities on opportunity identification, elucidation of needs and desires, knowledge generation, envisaging the mHealth tool, and prototype testing. Models of Māori and Pasifika holistic well-being and health promotion were the basis for identifying key content modules and were applied to relevant determinants of behavior change and theoretically based behavior change techniques from the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behavior Change Taxonomy, respectively. Three key content modules were identified: physical activity, family/whānau [extended family], and healthy eating. Other important themes included mental well-being/stress, connecting, motivation/support, and health literacy. Relevant behavioral determinants were selected, and 17 change techniques were mapped to these determinants. Community partners established that a smartphone app was the optimal vehicle for the intervention. Both Māori and Pasifika versions of the app were developed to ensure features and functionalities were culturally tailored and appealing to users. Codesign enabled and empowered users to tailor the intervention to their cultural needs. By using codesign and applying both ethnic-specific and Western theoretical frameworks of health and behavior change, the mHealth intervention is both evidence based and culturally tailored.
Health effects of saturated and trans-fatty acid intake in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morenga LT , Montez JM
Published: August 2020

© 2017 Te Morenga, Montez. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Elevated cholesterol has been linked to cardiovascular disease in adults and preclinical markers of atherosclerosis in children, thus reducing saturated (SFA) and trans-fatty acids (TFA) intake from an early age may help to reduce cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence for health effects associated with reducing SFA and TFA intake in free-living children, adolescents and young adults between 2 to 19 years of age. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. Study selection, assessment, validity, data extraction, and analysis were undertaken as specified by the Cochrane Collaboration and the GRADE working group. Data were pooled using inverse variance models with random effects. Data sources: EMBASE; PubMed; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; LILACS; and WHO Clinical Trial Registry (up to July 2016). Eligibility criteria for selecting trials: RCTs involving dietary interventions aiming to reduce SFA or TFA intakes and a control group, and cohort studies reporting the effects of SFA or TFA exposures, on outcomes including blood lipids; measures of growth; blood pressure; insulin resistance; and potential adverse effects. Minimum duration was 13 days for RCTs and one year for cohort studies. Trials of weight loss or confounded by additional medical or lifestyle interventions were excluded. Results: Compared with control diets, there was a highly statistically significant effect of reduced SFA intake on total cholesterol (mean difference (MD) -0.16 mmol/l, [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.25 to -0.07]), LDL cholesterol (MD -0.13 mmol/l [95% CI:-0.22 to -0.03]) and diastolic blood pressure (MD -1.45 mmol/l [95% CI:-2.34 to -0.56]). There were no significant effects on any other risk factors and no evidence of adverse effects. Conclusions: Advice to reduce saturated fatty acids intake of children results in a significant reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol levels as well as diastolic blood pressure without evidence of adverse effects on growth and development. Dietary guidelines for children and adolescents should continue to recommend diets low in saturated fat.
Challenges to addressing obesity for Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Theodore Reremoana , McLean Rachael , TeMorenga Lisa
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
An examination of a group of New Zealand women’s sexual decision making in casual sex situations.
Authors: Cooper A , Gordon Barrie
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Understanding the user perceptions of the public and private threshold in intensive housing design in Wellington, New Zealand
Authors: Faulkner A , Bakshi Nilesh , Chicca Fabricio , Brown Andre , Moughan F
Published: August 2020

© 2019 and published by the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA). This study investigates user perception of the public and private threshold within intensive housing in Wellington, New Zealand. The specific focus is to investigate the perception within the threshold that is the transitional area between the front door and the street curb. Two Wellington, New Zealand, based housing developments, The Altair complex (Newtown) and Britomart complex (Berhampore), were selected as case studies against specific criteria. These criteria promote a diverse target demographic to increase variability in results. Human experience within the public and private threshold are recorded and collated through a series of semi-structured interviews. The objective of the study is to understand the residents' personal opinion on the space; what works and what doesn't. The results are analysed and relevant literature is integrated to reveal trends and design implications. Ultimately, a set of guidelines and design implications are produced, which can be followed at a design level. These strategies aim to guide the design-phase in future industry projects, therefore, improving the human experience within intensive housing.
An analysis of the mechanism in New Zealand Law to protect employee entitlements in the event of employer insolvency and their effectiveness
Authors: Keeper Patricia
Published: August 2020

In New Zealand, scarcely a week goes by without news of workers who, due to the insolvency
of their employer, have lost their jobs and are owed sometimes thousands of dollars for unpaid
wages, holiday pay, redundancy payments or other bonuses. The focus of this article is the
mechanisms that exist in New Zealand law to ensure that such workers receive these unpaid
entitlements and the effectiveness of such mechanisms. The principal mechanisms discussed
are the treatment of unpaid employee entitlements as a preferential claim in the liquidation of
an insolvent company and the general powers in the Companies Act 1993 (NZ), which are
generally exercised by liquidators, to bring personal actions against directors and others for
misconduct on behalf of the creditors generally. The article concludes that New Zealand
workers are less protected than their counterparts in comparative jurisdictions, but argues that
any solution is unlikely to be found in insolvency law.
Identifying and overcoming barriers to healthier lives
Authors: Firestone Riz , Funaki Tevita , Dalhousie Sally , Henry Akarere , Vano Mereaumate , Grey Jacqui , Jull Andrew , Whittaker Robyn , Te Morenga Lisa , Mhurchu Cliona Ni
Published: August 2020

Understanding the key determinants of health from a community perspective is essential to address and improve the health and wellbeing of its members.  This qualitative study aimed to explore and better understand New Zealand-based Pasifika communities’ sociocultural experiences and knowledge of health and wellbeing. Fifty-seven participants were involved in six separate focus groups. Community coordinators co-facilitated and transcribed the discussions and conducted thematic analysis. The findings suggested two overarching themes: (1) ‘Pasifika experiences on poor health and well-being’: were based on sub-themes: (i) ‘recognisable issues’ (e.g., poor diet and lifestyle behaviours); (ii) ‘systemic issues’ that support the perpetual health issues (e.g., lack of knowledge and education) and; (iii) ‘profound issues’ that are often unspoken of and create long-term barriers (e.g., cultural lifestyle and responsibilities).  (2) ‘Hopes and dreams’ to improve health and well-being requires: (i) a family-centric approach to health; (ii) tackling systemic barriers; and (iii) addressing community social justice issues.  This study provides deepened insights on Pasifika communities’ understanding healthier living in the context of their cultural environment and family responsibilities. If we are to develop effective, sustainable programmes that prioritises health and well-being based on the needs of Pasifika communities, the findings from this study highlight their needs as step forward in overcoming barriers to healthier lives.
The Effect of a Diet Moderately High in Protein and Fiber on Insulin Sensitivity Measured Using the Dynamic Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Test (DISST)
Authors: Te Morenga Lisa , Docherty Paul , Williams Sheila , Mann Jim
Published: August 2020

Evidence shows that weightloss improves insulin sensitivity but few studies have examined the effect of macronutrient composition independently of weight loss on direct measures of insulin sensitivity. We randomised 89 overweight or obese women to either a standard diet (StdD) that was intended to be low in fat and relatively high in carbohydrate (n=42) or to a relatively high protein (up to 30% of energy), relatively high fibre (>30g/day) diet (HPHFib) (n=47) for 10 weeks. Advice regarding strict adherence to energy intake goals was not given. Insulin sensitivity and secretion was assessed by a novel method - the Dynamic Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Test (DISST). Although there were significant improvements in body composition and most cardiometabolic risk factors on HPHFib, insulin sensitivity was reduced by 19.3% (95% CI: 31.8, 4.5%; p=0.013) in comparison with StdD. We conclude that the reduction in insulin sensitivity after a diet relatively high in both protein and fibre, despite cardiometabolic improvements, suggests insulin sensitivity may reflect metabolic adaptations to dietary composition for maintenance of glucose homeostasis, rather than impaired metabolism.
Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets
Authors: Skeaff Murray , Mann Jim , Te Morenga Lisa , McLean Rachael
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Sugar and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lean MEJ , Te Morenga Lisa
Published: August 2020

© The Author 2016. Background: Consumption of sugar, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages, has been widely held responsible by the media for the global rise in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Sources of data: Systematic reviews and dietary guidelines relating dietary sugars to T2DM. Areas of agreement: Weight gain and T2DM incidence are associated with diet and lifestyle patterns characterized by high consumptions of any sweetened beverages. High sugar intakes impair risk factors for macrovascular complications of T2DM. Areas of controversy: Much of the association between sugars and T2DM is eliminated by adjusting data for body mass index (BMI). However, BMI adjustment does not fully account for adiposity (r2=0.65-0.75). Excess sugar can promote weight gain, thus T2DM, through extra calories, but has no unique diabetogenic effect at physiological levels. Growing points: Ethical concerns about caffeine added to sweetened beverages, undetectable by consumers, to increase consumption. Areas timely for developing research: Evidence needed for limiting dietary sugar below 10% energy intake.
Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids
Authors: Te Morenga Lisa , Howatson AJ , Jones RM , Mann J
Published: August 2020

Background: Dietary sugars have been suggested as a cause of obesity, several chronic diseases, and a range of cardiometabolic risk factors, but there is no convincing evidence of a causal relation between sugars and risk factors other than body weight. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined effects of the modification of dietary free sugars on blood pressure and lipids. Design: Systematic searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science databases (to August 2013) to identify studies that reported intakes of free sugars and at least one lipid or blood pressure outcome. The minimum trial duration was 2 wk. We pooled data by using inverse-variance methods with random-effects models. Results: A total of 39 of 11,517 trials identified were included; 37 trials reported lipid outcomes, and 12 trials reported blood pressure outcomes. Higher compared with lower sugar intakes significantly raised triglyceride concentrations [mean difference (MD):0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.15 mmol/L; P < 0.0001], total cholesterol (MD: 0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.24 mmol/L; P < 0.0001), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (0.12 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.19 mmol/L; P = 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: 0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.03 mmol/L; P = 0.03). Subgroup analyses showed the most marked relation between sugar intakes and lipids in studies in which efforts were made to ensure an energy balance and when no difference in weight change was reported. Potential explanatory factors, including a weight change, in most instances explained <15% of the heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 36-75%). The effect of sugar intake on blood pressure was greatest in trials ≥8 wk in duration [MD: 6.9 mm Hg (95% CI: 3.4, 10.3 mm Hg; P<0.001) for systolic blood pressure and 5.6 mm Hg (95% CI: 2.5, 8.8 mm Hg; P = 0.0005) for diastolic blood pressure]. Conclusions: Dietary sugars influence blood pressure and serum lipids. The relation is independent of effects of sugars on body weight. Protocols for this review were registered separately for effects of sugars on blood pressure and lipids in the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews as PROSPERO 2012: CRD42012002379 and 2012: CRD42012002437, respectively. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.
Advice to reduce total and saturated fat, revisited
Authors: Te Morenga Lisa , McLean R , Skeaff M , Mann J
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Are some diets "mass murder"? Dietary guidelines worldwide advise limiting saturated fat in favour of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats
Authors: McLean R , Skeaff M , Mann J , Morenga LT
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Carbohydrates in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mann J , Te Morenga Lisa
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity
Authors: Kataoka M , Venn BJ , Williams SM , Te Morenga Lisa , Heemels IM , Mann JI
Published: August 2020

Aims: Diabetes rates are especially high in China. Risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with high intakes of white rice, a staple food of Chinese people. Ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia have been reported. We compared glycaemic responses to glucose and five rice varieties in people of European and Chinese ethnicity and examined possible determinants of ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia. Methods: Self-identified Chinese (n = 32) and European (n = 31) healthy volunteers attended on eight occasions for studies following ingestion of glucose and jasmine, basmati, brown, Doongara® and parboiled rice. In addition to measuring glycaemic response, we investigated physical activity levels, extent of chewing of rice and salivary α-amylase activity to determine whether these measures explained any differences in postprandial glycaemia. Results: Glycaemic response, measured by incremental area under the glucose curve, was over 60% greater for the five rice varieties (P < 0.001) and 39% greater for glucose (P < 0.004) amongst Chinese compared with Europeans. The calculated glycaemic index was approximately 20% greater for rice varieties other than basmati (P = 0.01 to 0.05). Ethnicity [adjusted risk ratio 1.4 (1.2-1.8) P < 0.001] and rice variety were the only important determinants of incremental area under the glucose curve. Conclusions: Glycaemic responses following ingestion of glucose and several rice varieties are appreciably greater in Chinese compared with Europeans, suggesting the need to review recommendations regarding dietary carbohydrate amongst rice-eating populations at high risk of diabetes. © 2012 Diabetes UK.
Comparison of high protein and high fiber weight-loss diets in women with risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial
Authors: Te Morenga Lisa , Levers MT , Williams SM , Brown RC , Mann J
Published: August 2020

Background: Studies have suggested that moderately high protein diets may be more appropriate than conventional low-fat high carbohydrate diets for individuals at risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. However in most such studies sources of dietary carbohydrate may not have been appropriate and protein intakes may have been excessively high. Thus, in a proof-of-concept study we compared two relatively low-fat weight loss diets - one high in protein and the other high in fiber-rich, minimally processed cereals and legumes - to determine whether a relatively high protein diet has the potential to confer greater benefits. Methods. Eighty-three overweight or obese women, 18-65 years, were randomized to either a moderately high protein (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) diet (HP) or to a high fiber, relatively high carbohydrate (50% carbohydrate, > 35 g total dietary fiber, 20% protein) diet (HFib) for 8 weeks. Energy intakes were reduced by 2000 - 4000 kJ per day in order to achieve weight loss of between 0.5 and 1 kg per week. Results: Participants on both diets lost weight (HP: -4.5 kg [95% confidence interval (CI):-3.7, -5.4 kg] and HFib: -3.3 kg [95% CI: -4.2, -2.4 kg]), and reduced total body fat (HP: -4.0 kg [5% CI:-4.6, -3.4 kg] and HFib: -2.5 kg [95% CI: -3.5, -1.6 kg]), and waist circumference (HP: -5.4 cm [95% CI: -6.3, -4.5 cm] and HFib: -4.7 cm [95% CI: -5.8, -3.6 cm]), as well as total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure. However participants on HP lost more body weight (-1.3 kg [95% CI: -2.5, -0.1 kg; p = 0.039]) and total body fat (-1.3 kg [95% CI: -2.4, -0.1; p = 0.029]). Diastolic blood pressure decreased more on HP (-3.7 mm Hg [95% CI: -6.2, -1.1; p = 0.005]). Conclusions: A realistic high protein weight-reducing diet was associated with greater fat loss and lower blood pressure when compared with a high carbohydrate, high fiber diet in high risk overweight and obese women. © 2011 Te Morenga et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Regional models of the economic impacts of five scenarios of land use change in the Mackenzie/Waitaki Basin. Model inputs and results.
Authors: Te Morenga Lisa , Manley Bruce , Hock Barbara
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
FIZZ sugary drink free pacific by 2030—Symposium declaration
Authors: Sundborn G , Thornley S , Te Morenga Lisa , Merriman T
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Do changes in STEC diagnostics mislead interpretation of disease surveillance data in Switzerland? Time trends in positivity, 2007 to 2016
Authors: Fischer Fabienne Beatrice , Saucy Apolline , Schmutz Claudia , Mäusezahl Daniel
Published: August 2020

Background

Laboratory-confirmed cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been notifiable to the National Notification System for Infectious Diseases in Switzerland since 1999. Since 2015, a large increase in case numbers has been observed. Around the same time, syndromic multiplex PCR started to replace other diagnostic methods in standard laboratory practice for gastrointestinal pathogen testing, suggesting that the increase in notified cases is due to a change in test practices and numbers.

Aim

This study examined the impact of changes in diagnostic methods, in particular the introduction of multiplex PCR panels, on routine STEC surveillance data in Switzerland.

Methods

We analysed routine laboratory data from 11 laboratories, which reported 61.9% of all STEC cases from 2007 to 2016 to calculate the positivity, i.e. the rate of the number of positive STEC tests divided by the total number of tests performed.

Results

The introduction of multiplex PCR had a strong impact on STEC test frequency and identified cases, with the number of tests performed increasing sevenfold from 2007 to 2016. Still, age- and sex-standardised positivity increased from 0.8% in 2007 to 1.7% in 2016.

Conclusion

Increasing positivity suggests that the increase in case notifications cannot be attributed to an increase in test numbers alone. Therefore, we cannot exclude a real epidemiological trend for the observed increase. Modernising the notification system to address current gaps in information availability, e.g. diagnostic methods, and improved triangulation of clinical presentation, diagnostic and serotype information are needed to deal with emerging disease and technological advances.
PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF LANDFILL LEACHATE USING UV/TiO2 WITH CATALYST RECOVERY
Authors: Coffman Neil , Meeroff Daniel , Bloetscher Frederick
Published: August 2020

This project evaluated the use of titanium dioxide for leachate treatment and recovery of methods for TiO2, using a TiO2 recovery technology, which was high enough to be economical ($10 - $15 per 1,000 gallons) to be adopted by wastewater treatment plants.  When comparing recovery technologies, the three which were investigated further through experimentation were a centrifuge, sedimentation tank, and microfilter membrane.  Upon experimentation and research, the TiO2 recovery efficiencies of these technologies were 99.5%, 92.5%, and 96.3%, respectively.  When doing economic analysis on these technologies comparing TiO2 efficiencies and capital and operational costs, the centrifuge was the most preferred economic option.  It was found that costs were in the economical range ($10 - $15/1,000 gallons).   TiO2: settling behavior, particle size and zeta potential, interactions with COD, and filter operations (particle characterization) were discovered for future research and future testing on this issue.
Study on structural, mechanical, electronic, vibrational, optical and thermo-dynamical behaviour of ZB Structured BeZ (Z=S, Se and Te) using ATK-DFT
Authors: MISHRA KRISHNA KUMAR
Published: August 2020

The present research is a systematic computational study focused on structural, mechanical, electronic, vibrational, optical and thermo-dynamical properties of zinc-blende (B3) structured beryllium chalcogenides BeZ (Z=S, Se, Te) compounds using ATK-DFT method using PZ and PBEsol exchange and correlation potentials within the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) respectively and their comparison. The k-point and energy cut-off values were tested and provided convergence in self-consistent calculations. The structural parameters such as lattice constant, bulk modulus, second order elastic constants (C11, C12, C44) and material properties (B, G, Y and σ) for these crystals are computed and discussed. To explain the electronic properties, electronic energy band structure, complex band structures, phonon band structure, phonon density of state and electron density distribution are plotted. The effect of pressure on elastic constant, material properties and phase transitions are also studied, including phase transition from ZB structure to NiAs appearing at 53 GPa, 49 GPa and 33 GPa for BeS, BeSe, and BeTe respectively.
Prophylactic laparoscopic adnexal surgery with low-pressure CO2 insufflation for ovarian cysts during the late first trimester or second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Chikazawa K. , Imai K. , Kuwata T. , Takagi K.
Published: August 2020

The current guidelines for endoscopic management do not contraindicate laparoscopic surgery in pregnant women; a few studies have reported on this, particularly in Japan. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of prophylactic laparoscopic adnexal surgery during the late first trimester and second trimester for the prevention of adnexal torsion. We retrospectively reviewed eight patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cysts during the late first trimester or second trimester (April 2012-September 2016). The general protocol of laparoscopically-assisted cystectomy was adopted, with low-pressure CO2 insufflation (8 mmHg). No complications were noted. Five women delivered; four delivered at term and one delivered preterm owing to premature membrane rupture. Pregnancy is ongoing in the remaining three women. Prophylactic laparoscopic adnexal surgery is safe and feasible for adnexal torsion prevention in women with ovarian cysts during the late first trimester or second trimester.
Hemostatic effects of kyukikyogaito in dienogest treatment
Authors: Takagi H. , Yamada S. , Sakamoto J. , Fujita S. , Sasagawa T.
Published: August 2020

Purpose of Investigation: A frequent side effect of treatment with dienogest (DNG) is irregular bleeding. The present study investigated the benefits of adding traditional Japanese Kampo medicine (kyukikyogaito), which has known hemostatic effects, on DNG treatment. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed the occurrence of irregular bleeding in 175 patients following oral administration of DNG (2 mg/day) for three months or more. The authors also investigated the clinical hemostatic effects of kyukikyogaito (TJ-77; 9.0 g/day) administered for 30 days in patients with irregular bleeding. Results: The frequency of irregular bleeding in patients who received DNG was 80.0%. The continuation rates for DNG treatment were 62.3% in the DNG alone group and 85.0% in the DNG plus kyukikyogaito group (p = 0.016). The efficacy of kyukikyogaito among patients with irregular bleeding was 82.6%. Conclusion: Administration of kyukikyogaito, which includes Artemisia leaf and donkey glue, was effective and could improve the continuation rate for DNG treatment by reducing irregular bleeding.
What is the state of knowledge on preterm birth?
Authors: Dropińska N. , Chmaj-Wierzchowska K. , Wojciechowska M. , Wilczak M.
Published: August 2020

Objective: Preterm delivery (PTD) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and the most common reason for antenatal hospitalization. This study aimed at the assessment of the state of knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding PTD, including its risk factors and symptoms, as well as the procedure performed, and the factors influencing the level of knowledge of women about PTD. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the period between July 5-15, 2017 and a group of 93 women of childbearing age residing within the Wielkopolska area, attending obstetric and gynecological clinics. The survey questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study and contained questions on the issues related to PTD, including the risk factors and symptoms of PTD, a procedure performed for PTD, and complications faced by the neonate. Results: The sources of knowledge most frequently indicated by the surveyed women were family/friends (26.9%), magazines (28%), and physician (22.5%), while midwives (14%) and birthing school (8.6%) were indicated least frequently. A higher level of knowledge was found among the women who obtained information on PTD from a midwife, physician, and family/friends (χ2 = 22.618; p = 0.004). Conclusions: A higher level of knowledge on PTD was exhibited by women who obtained information on this issue from a midwife, physician, or family/friends. Therefore, there is a need to educate pregnant woman regarding the risk factors of PTD.
Multidetector computed tomography to predict heavy bleeding and need for angiographic embolization in patients with postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Kim H.M. , Lee J.Y. , Seong W.J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the identification of heavy bleeding, as a determinant of angiographic embolization (AE) in patients with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven consecutively registered patients with PPH underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT at Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2012. The characteristics of the 33 patients who showed extravasation (EV) of contrast material in MDCT (EV group) were compared with those of the 24 patients who had no EV (noEV group). AE was performed in 23 out of 57 cases, based on the decision of the treating clinician. Direct localization of the bleeding site was compared with the results of MDCT. Results: A greater proportion of the EV group required AE compared with the noEV group (64% vs. 8%). The EV group showed a greater estimated blood loss (EBL) (2,100 mL vs. 1,170 mL, p < 0.001) and was associated with the need for massive blood transfusion (6 pints vs. 3 pints, p < 0.001). Disseminated intravascular coagulation was observed more frequently in the EV group (36% vs. 8%, p = 0.027). Of the 33 patients who were managed conservatively without AE, EBL after MDCT was greater in the EV group than the noEV group (410 mL vs. 45 mL, p < 0.001). The comparison of computed tomographic and angiographic findings indicated a discordant result in only 1 case. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced MDCT is helpful to determine which patients are candidates for AE and to reduce unnecessary angiographic intervention.
Outcome of shared decision-making in a patient with primary herpes gingivostomatitis during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Huang C.Y. , Chao T.C. , Chien H.C. , Liu Y.L.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The authors present the case of a woman in the 20th week of pregnancy with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-related gingivostomatitis. They also provide information regarding the benefits and risks of acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, and shared decision-making (SDM) through which valacyclovir was selected. Case Report: A 26-year-old primigravida woman who denied having a history of systemic diseases presented with fever, general malaise, and abdominal pain at 20 weeks of gestation. As no strong evidence supports any current treatment for primary maternal HSV-1 gingivostomatitis during pregnancy, the authors used three key steps of SDM, namely choice talk, option talk, and decision talk, to help the patient make a decision based on the benefits and ill-effects of treatment with acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. Valacyclovir was administered for one week. Her general condition improved gradually, and the symptoms abated without recurrence of fever. Conclusions: Thus, SDM-based treatment was effective in this patient.
Suvremeni pravni izazovi smanjivanja emisija stakleničkih plinova iz pomorskog prometa - međunarodna i europska perspektiva
Authors: Primorac Željka
Published: August 2020

Iznoseći pregled pravnih akata čija rješenja, kao rezultat aktivnih klimatsko-pomorskih politika na europskoj i globalnoj razini, jamče smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova u pomorskom prometu – autorica ukazuje na značaj rješenja o uvođenju obveznih, globalnih, minimalnih standarda energetske učinkovitosti brodova u međunarodnoj plovidbi. Osnovno polazište ovog istraživanja čini analiza Pravila 22A izmijenjenog Priloga VI. Konvencije MARPOL kojim se uspostavlja pravni okvir obveznog globalnog sustava prikupljanja podataka o potrošnji loživih ulja na brodovima (IMO DCS), a prema kojemu su, od 1. siječnja 2019. godine, brodari dužni prikupljati podatke o potrošnji goriva za brodove iznad 5000 BT u međunarodnoj pomorskoj plovidbi te izvještavati o potrošnji goriva od ožujka 2020. godine. U radu se posebna pozornost posvećuje analizi regulatorne aktivnosti europskog zakonodavstva iz 2019. godine u odnosu na Prijedlog Uredbe Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o izmjeni Uredbe (EU) 2015/757 i nastojanja ostvarivanja potpune usklađenosti europskog i globalnog sustava prikupljanja podataka o emisijama i potrošnji goriva na brodovima, a u cilju smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova iz pomorskog prometa. U središtu pozornosti su pitanja ocjene uspješnosti usklađivanja rješenja Uredbe (EU) 2015/757 s globalnim sustavom IMO DCS prema Prijedlogu Uredbe Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o izmjeni Uredbe (EU) 2015/757 iz 2019. godine.
Pravni okvir za obnovljive izvore energije u pravu Europske unije
Authors: Šantek Ivor , Ofak Lana
Published: August 2020

Namjera ovog rada jest istražiti pravni okvir za obnovljive izvore energije u pravu Europske unije. U tom cilju, bit će prikazana i određena osnovna pitanja u europskoj politici u području obnovljive energije. Središnji dio rada predstavlja prikaz sekundarnog prava EU-a za obnovljive izvore energije, a posebna pozornost pružit će se i pitanjima njegova povijesnog razvoja, kao i novoj Direktivi (EU) 2018/2001 o promicanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih izvora, kojom je preinačena Direktiva 2009/28/EZ. U navedenim razmatranjima uzet će se u obzir i utjecaj prava okoliša na energetsko pravo EU-a. U zadnjem dijelu rada istražuje se praksa Suda Europske unije u području obnovljivih izvora energije.
Some preliminary findings regarding Kosovo legislation in the field of consumer protection with special emphasis in arbitration clauses in consumers contracts
Authors: Plakolli-Kasumi Luljeta
Published: August 2020

Although the Kosovo Law on Consumer Protection has been harmonized with the EU Directive on Unfair Contract Terms, several inconsistencies are still prevalent in other pieces of legislation, which in turn diminish the effective protection of consumers in line with the aim of the said Directive. The present paper aims at introducing some preliminary findings of the author’s doctoral thesis which can serve as a basis for further improvement of the existing legislation in the field of consumer protection. Full harmonization of the consumer protection legislation with the Unfair Terms Directive entails not only the verbatim transposition of the said Directive into one piece of legislation but an alignment of the entire legislative framework to this end, as well as the development of the court practice in line with the CJEU case-law.
Društveno-gospodarska dimenzija sporta
Authors: Mićović Miodrag
Published: August 2020

Od Deklaracije o specifičnostima sporta i njegovoj društvenoj funkciji iz 2000. godine, pa preko Bele knjige o sportu iz 2007. godine i najnovijih dokumenata koji su doneti na nivou EU, u koje spadaju Zaključci o gospodarskoj dimenziji sporta i njegovim društveno-gospodarskim koristima ili Mišljenje Evropskog odbora regija o uključivanju sporta u program EU za razdoblje nakon 2020. godine, ističe se uloga i potreba jačanja društvene i gospodarske dimenzije sporta. U vezi sa tim ukazuje se da je sport: gospodarski pokretač rasta u smislu efekata koje ima na dodatnu vrednost, bruto domaći proizvod i kupovnu moć; međusektorski fenomen koji može bitno da utiče na stanje javnog zdravlja, regionalni razvoj i turizam; sektor u kome se pojavljuju brojne inovacije, u cilju postizanja boljih rezultata ili sprečavanja ozleda, pri čemu se one često prenose na druge sektore i tako putem roba ili usluga postaju dostupne drugim korisnicima, odnosno potrošačima (u ovom slučaju sportske inovacije služe kao platforma za pokretanje i razvoj novih proizvoda i usluga, odnosno kao činilac od značaja za izvoz i gospodarski rast). U radu su izloženi elementi društvene dimenzije sporta, kao i direktni i indirektni efekti sporta na gospodarski rast.
Pravna sigurnost u svezi jedne odluke Vijeća sportske arbitraže Hrvatskog olimpijskog odbora
Authors: Kačer Hrvoje , Radić Davor , Bogović Anamarija
Published: August 2020

U ovom tekstu autori se bave jednom odlukom Vijeća sportske arbitraže HOO-a koju smatraju neprihvatljivom i formalno i sadržajno. U odnosu na formu smatraju kako je potpuno neprihvatljivo da tako važna odluka (radi se o administrativnom sprečavanju realizacije ulaska u viši rang natjecanja ostvaren na igralištu) bude donesena na manje od dvije stranice. Sadržajno, izostavljena je primjena pravila tumačenja, odnosno postupljeno je kao da ciljno tumačenje (apsolutno prihvaćeno i favorizirano u Europskoj uniji) uopće ne postoji ili (ako postoji) nije bitno.
S1PR1 is differentially expressed in non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2020

Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide (1, 2). We mined published microarray data (3, 4, 5) to discover genes associated with NSCLC. We identified significant differential expression of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1PR1 in tumors from patients with NSCLC. S1PR1 may be of relevance to the initiation, progression or maintenance of non-small cell lung cancers.
The irreversible part of special relativity
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: August 2020

The irreversible part of special relativity
Carving depression at its joints? Psychometric properties of the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index
Authors: Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo , Rutter Lauren , Matthew D Scalco
Published: August 2020

Parker and colleagues developed the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI), a 24-item measure to assess a potential subtype of depression: melancholia. While research supports the validity of the measure, no study has assessed its psychometric properties. We recruited 1633 participants online, of whom 487 reported a lifetime period of depressed mood or anhedonia and were administered the SMPI. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the SMPI, to assess the proposed fit of the measure. We also conducted exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to explore the structure implied by the current data. CFA did not support the hypothesized factor structure of the SMPI, no matter what structure we assumed as primary (i.e., a one factor, two factor, or bifactor model). An EFA suggested a five-factor solution wherein several items did not appear to co-vary reliably and other factors captured the severity of melancholic symptoms, negative mood reactivity, positive mood reactivity, emotionality and family relationships, and early life adversity. The SMPI may not measure a single construct. Future research should explore the longitudinal association between depression severity, contaminant symptoms, positive and negative mood reactivity, and early life experiences
Influencing Climate Change Attitudes in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rode Jacob B. , Dent Amy , Benedict Caitlin N. , Brosnahan Daniel , Martinez Ramona L. , Ditto Peter
Published: August 2020

Researchers interested in climate change communication have investigated how people respond to messages about it. Through meta-analysis, the current research synthesizes the multitude of experimental studies on this topic to uncover which interventions are most effective at influencing attitudes about climate change. The meta-analysis focuses on experimental studies that included a control condition and measured climate change attitudes among participants in the United States. After a large literature search, 396 effect sizes were retrieved from 76 independent experiments (N = 76,054 participants). Intervention had a small, significant positive effect on attitudes, g = 0.08, 95% CI [0.06, 0.10], p < .001. Surprisingly, type of intervention was not a statistically significant moderator of this effect, nor was political affiliation. However, type of attitude was a significant moderator: the treatment-control difference in attitudes was smaller for policy support than for belief in climate change, indicating that policy attitudes are more resistant to influence than belief in climate change. Other moderators and publication bias were also tested. We conclude with policy implications and recommendations for future research.