bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hiệu quả giảm đau sau phẫu thuật cột sống của paracetamol phối hợp với fentanyl do bệnh nhân tự kiểm soát
Authors: Xuan Hai Bui
Published: May 2023

TÓM TẮT

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả giảm đau sau phẫu thuật cột sống của fentanyl tĩnh mạch theo phương pháp PCA phối hợp với paracetamol truyền tĩnh mạch.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu trên 50 bệnh nhân có độ tuổi từ 29 - 74, ASA II, III, được phẫu thuật cột sống chương trình, giảm đau sau mổ phối hợp paracetamol truyền tĩnh mạch và fentanyl theo phương pháp PCA, ghi nhận điểm VAS từng thời điểm, tổng liều fentanyl bolus, đánh giá sự hài lòng của người bệnh.

Kết quả: VAS trung bình < 4 trong 48 giờ đầu sau phẫu thuật. VAS trung bình khi nằm yên thấp nhất tại thời điểm 6 giờ (VAS = 1,8), cao nhất tại thời điểm 3 giờ (VAS = 2,10); VAS trung bình khi vận động thấp nhất tại thời điểm 30 giờ sau mổ (VAS = 2,30), cao nhất tại thời điểm 18 giờ (VAS = 2,76). 100% người bệnh hài lòng với phương pháp giảm đau PCA. Tổng số liều bolus sử dụng trong 48 tiếng là 38,96 ± 2,91, thấp nhất 31 liều, cao nhất 48 liều. Độ bảo hòa oxy mạch đập (SpO2) của tất cả người bệnh đều trong giới hạn bình thường, không có trường hợp nào < 95%.

Kết luận: Giảm đau sau mổ sử dụng fentanyl tĩnh mạch theo phương pháp PCA phối hợp với paracetamol truyền tĩnh mạch có hiệu quả tốt sau phẫu thuật cột sống, đạt được sự hài lòng của người bệnh.
Rách phế quản trong phẫu thuật cắt thực quản nội soi ngực bụng: Vai trò của thán đồ trong gây mê hồi sức
Authors: Lê Bình
Published: May 2023

Cắt thực quản nội soi ngực bụng ngày nay đã trở thành một kỹ thuật thông thường được áp dụng rộng rãi trong phẫu thuật tiêu hóa. Phẫu thuật này được thực hiện tại BVTW Huế từ năm 2007 với nhiều ưu điểm như: tránh mở ngực lớn, giảm thiểu các biến chứng hô hấp nặng thời kỳ hậu phẫu; có thể áp dụng cho bệnh nhân có nguy cơ cao; tái lập lưu thông tiêu hoá vùng cổ, tránh được nguy cơ dò miệng nối gây viêm trung thất là nguyên nhân tử vong cao sau phẫu thuật...Tuy nhiên, kỹ thuật gây mê cho loại phẫu thuật này là khó, đòi hỏi người gây mê phải có chuyên môn và kinh nghiệm cũng như trang thiết bị theo dõi đầy đủ. Bài báo cáo này trình bày hai trường hợp rách phế quản trong thì nội soi cắt thực quản đoạn ngực, được phát hiện bởi ê kip gây mê. Chúng tôi bàn luận về vai trò của việc theo dõi phân áp CO2 cuối thì thở ra EtCO2 là một thông số hỗ trợ chẩn đoán quan trọng.

Từ khóa: Rách phế quản, cắt thực quản nội soi ngực bụng, phân áp CO2 cuối thì thở ra, thán đồ.

ABSTRACT

BRONCHIAL TEAR DURING LAPARO - THORACOSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY PROCEDURE - REPORT OF TWO CASES: ROLE OF CAPNOGRAPHY DURING ANESTHESIA

Laparo - thoracoscopic esophagectomy which is widely used in gastrointestinal surgery has become a common procedure. This type of surgery had been performed in Hue Central Hospital since 2007 and shows many advantages such as avoiding large thoracotomy not creating the risk of serious respiratory complications in postoperative period, being applicable to high - risk patients; re - establishing digestive esophagus - stomach circulation in the neck region to avoid the risk of mediastinitis due to anastomotic leaks - one of the main cause of death after surgery... However, anesthetic technique for this type of surgery is difficult, requiring the anesthesiologist to have expertise, experience and adequate monitoring equipment. We present two cases of intraoperative bronchopleural fistula because of bronchial tear during laparo- thoracoscopic esophagectomy procedure, which was first identified by the anesthesia team. We discuss differential diagnoses including the role of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring EtCO2 as an aid to prompt diagnosis.
TD 2878 - Governança da política de inovação no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos : uma abordagem comparada
Authors: Cavalcante Pedro Luiz Costa
Published: May 2023

O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar comparativamente dimensões centrais dos arranjos de governança da inovação no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos: desempenho, arquitetura e financiamento dos instrumentos das políticas públicas. A partir de análise exploratória, histórica e abrangente, com métodos qualitativo e quantitativo, foi possível apresentar achados interessantes. Com relação à performance, o estudo demonstrou que o Brasil possui resultados aquém das suas potencialidades e, principalmente, é ineficiente na tradução dos insumos em produtos e serviços inovadores. Ao contrário, os Estados Unidos não são apenas eficientes, mas também líderes nos rankings das maiores empresas globais, clusters tecnológicos e inovações disruptivas em diversos setores da economia. Quanto à arquitetura da política, as semelhanças se restringem à evolução recente e ao baixo grau de coordenação entre os instrumentos; todavia, o policy mix dos Estados Unidos se destaca pela magnitude, complexidade, diversidade das atuações e, sobretudo, pelo dinamismo e perenidade dos programas governamentais. As comparações dos financiamentos reforçam a disparidade entre os dois países, na medida em que a política no governo federal brasileiro é marcada por mudanças do tipo de substituição com alta volatilidade nos recursos, agravado pelo processo de desmonte em curso desde meados da década passada. Ao contrário do governo norte-americano que as modificações no policy mix são, predominantemente, do tipo de camadas ou layering com financiamento intenso, perene e crescente no tempo. Como conclusão, o artigo ressalta o quanto o Brasil está cada vez mais distante da fronteira da inovação global e a passos lentos nessa direção, o que é preocupante considerando que as mudanças econômicas, tecnológicas e sociais vêm se intensificando.
Effect of consumption of energy drinks and their toxicities
Authors: Zeriouh Ilhem Fatima , Brahim Amina Cherifa  , Addou Samia
Published: May 2023

The energy drink should not be confused with an energizing drink because the latter is intended to give a boost of energy to its consumer by using a mixture of stimulating ingredients not intended for an athlete, namely, among others, caffeine, taurine and sugar. These stimulants induce a feeling of euphoria or/and a sense of arousal, they accelerate the heart rate and increase the respiratory rate and blood pressure. Our work is aimed to study the physico-chemical characteristics of these energy drinks and their toxicities such as: determination of pH total hardness, hydrotimetrictitle (TH); titratable acidity, sugar and protein levels; calcium; zinc; and heavy metal assays also performed such as: Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Mercury. We found that some energy drinks studied include an increase in caffeine content that exceeds the threshold limits recommended 300mg per day, as well as sugar and their pH which is acidic and the presence of traces of heavy metals such as Zinc and Mercury. This study poses some legitimate questions about the negative effect of the consumption of these so-called energizing drinks in high doses and without moderation for the body and their toxicities, especially for populations at risk (athletes, pregnant women, adolescents). Despite the legality of marketing these so-called energy drinks worldwide, scientists in several bulletins recommend caution and moderation in the overdose consumption of these energy drinks and point their fingers at the negative impact on human health.
Histological changes of electric yellow (Labidochromis caeruleus) exposed to three different copper concentrations
Authors: Küçük Semra , Kılıç Tuğçe
Published: May 2023

The water pollution is affecting rivers, lakes, and seas. Therefore, all aquatic organiss may influenced by it. In this study, it was intended to examine and assess histological changes in the electric yellow cichlid exposed to three different periods of copper concentrations (acute, chronic and not containing copper). Firstly, this study was formed in three parts of acute and chronic exposures and recovery. Electric yellow cichlid were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg l-1 of copper sulfate for 96-h acute trial. Secondly, they were exposed to 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg l-1 of copper sulfate for 20-d chronic trial. Thirdly, survived fish from the chronic trial were holded in clean water without copper for 10-d recovery. At the end of three trials, gill, liver and spleen samples of fish were collected and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) techniques. Preparations were examined and detected by the light microscope and significant pictures were saved by the digital camera. As a results of acute and chronic copper trials, edema, aneurism and serious degenerations of gills, necrosis and vacuolations in the hepatocytes and blood vessels of liver, and degenerations, granulamas and black spots in the spleen were indicated. It is detected that copper had vital effects on physiology of electric yellow cichlid and caused important tissue damages in fish.
Volumetric Rates of Luminous Red Novae and Intermediate-luminosity Red Transients with the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Karambelkar Viraj R. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Blagorodnova Nadejda , Sollerman Jesper , Aloisi Robert , Anand Shreya G. , Andreoni Igor , Brink Thomas G. , Bruch Rachel , Cook David , Das Kaustav Kashyap , De Kishalay , Drake Andrew , Filippenko Alexei V. , Fremling Christoffer , Helou George , Ho Anna , Jencson Jacob , Jones David , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Patra Kishore C. , Purdum Josiah , Reedy Alexander , Sit Tawny , Sharma Yashvi , Tzanidakis Anastasios , van der Walt Stéfan J. , Yao Yuhan , Zhang Chaoran
Published: May 2023

Luminous red novae (LRNe) are transients characterized by low luminosities and expansion velocities, and they are associated with mergers or common-envelope ejections in stellar binaries. Intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs) are an observationally similar class with unknown origins, but they are generally believed to be either electron-capture supernovae in super-asymptotic giant branch stars or outbursts in dusty luminous blue variables (LBVs). In this paper, we present a systematic sample of eight LRNe and eight ILRTs detected as part of the Census of the Local Universe (CLU) experiment on the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). The CLU experiment spectroscopically classifies ZTF transients associated with nearby (<150 Mpc) galaxies, achieving 80% completeness for m

r
< 20 mag. Using the ZTF-CLU sample, we derive the first systematic LRNe volumetric rate of

7.8

−
3.7

+
6.5

×

10

−
5

Mpc−3 yr−1 in the luminosity range −16 ≤ M

r
≤ −11 mag. We find that, in this luminosity range, the LRN rate scales as

dN

/

dL
∝

L

−
2.5
±
0.3

—significantly steeper than the previously derived scaling of L
−1.4±0.3 for lower-luminosity LRNe (M

V
≥ −10 mag). The steeper power law for LRNe at high luminosities is consistent with the massive merger rates predicted by binary population synthesis models. We find that the rates of the brightest LRNe (M

r
≤ −13 mag) are consistent with a significant fraction of them being progenitors of double compact objects that merge within a Hubble time. For ILRTs, we derive a volumetric rate of

2.6

−
1.4

+
1.8

×

10

−
6

Mpc−3 yr−1 for M

r
≤ −13.5 mag, which scales as

dN

/

dL
∝

L

−
2.5
±
0.5

. This rate is ∼1%–5% of the local core-collapse supernova rate and is consistent with theoretical ECSN rate estimates.
Correlation between Chronic Pain with BDNF Levels, Histophatology of Hippocampus, and Spatial Memory in Wistar Rats
Authors: Budisulistyo Trianggoro , Samekto Widiastuti , Pudjonarko Dwi , Suryawati Herlina , Suryadi Suryadi , Wahyuni Maria
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actural or potential tissue damage. Cognitive impairment can occur due to various processes in the brain, one of which resulted from chronic pain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotropin that plays a role in mediating disinhibition in the excitability of the motor cortex of the brain and inhibitory function in descending pain pathways. Chronic pain of periodontitis causes systemic inflammation that activates microglia resulting in degeneration of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and affects cognitive function, especially spatial memory.

AIM: The objectives of this study were to determine the correlation between BDNF levels, spatial memory, and histopathology of hippocampus on periodontitis Wistar rats.

METHODS: This observational prospective study was conducted between January and April 2022 at Laboratory Negeri Semarang University. Frontal inferior teeth ligation of Wistar rats was carried out to induce periodontitis for 4 weeks. Chronic pain was assessed using Rat Grimace Scale. Morris water maze (MWM) adaptation was applied for 4 weeks and then BDNF levels, spatial memory, and histopathology of hippocampus were investigated. T-test independent and spearman correlation test were used to data analysis.

RESULTS: Among 12 rats, the mean of BDNF levels, spatial memory, and histopathology of hippocampus score were 7.57 ng/mL, 65.08 second, and 3, respectively. There were significant relationships between BDNF levels (p = 0.028), spatial memory (p = 0.001), and histopathology of hippocampus score (p = 0.017) on Wistar rats with chronic pain. Strong correlation (r = −0.721, r2 = 0.52, p = 0.004) between BDNF levels and spatial memory, and moderate correlation (r = −0.597, p = 0.02) between BDNF levels and histopathology of hippocampus score was obtained. There was no significant correlation between spatial memory and histopathology of hippocampus score.

CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences between BDNF levels, spatial memory, and histopathology of hippocampus on periodontitis Wistar rats.
Vertical spread of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus propagules
Authors: Dvořák Miloň , Štoidl Petr , Rost Michal
Published: May 2023

Currently, the ash dieback causal agent Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an established invasive pathogen in most European countries. Its potential to spread quickly among invaded forests is based on its propagules: airborne inoculum composed mainly of ascospores originated in apothecia growing on leaf litter infected during the previous vegetation season. The spread of the inoculum by air masses to distant areas is probable and depends on the availability of the ascospores in higher levels of air. Our study aimed to detect the inoculum in an infected area at heights of more than 20 meters. Our study was conducted in a municipal locality (Boršov nad Vltavou) with tens of infected ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) in South Bohemia (SW Czechia). The infected trees surround an agricultural silo where five rotating arm spore traps (rotorods) were mounted for ten consequent 48h samplings during the peak of the sporulating season (17th July to 6th August 2020). The spore traps were mounted 48, 37, 25, 14 and 0,3 meters above ground. Samples were quantified by qPCR. Results clearly proved the ability of the spores to reach a height of 48 meters. Furthermore, H. fraxineus DNA was detected from all five spore traps during all ten samplings. Mostly, the amount of detected spores showed a decreasing trend with height, and varied a lot. During some of the samplings, higher spore concetrations were achieved at the top than at the lower traps, which can be explained by horizontal air transfer of the inoculum from other infected areas. Based on GLM analyses, higher spore concentrations were achieved during days without rain, lower air temperatures, after cloudy, humid and rainy weather without strong winds. A combination of rotorod ROTTRAP 52 with qPCR quantification proved to be an efficient technology for a study focused on the vertical spread of H. fraxineus propagules.
Les figures de l’animalité
Authors: Perret Bernard
Published: May 2023

Le projet de Martha Nussbaum est de domestiquer les animaux sauvages, mais elle ignore la pluralité des figures de l’animalité.
Les limites de la régulation financière
Authors: Berès Pervenche , Demarigny Fabrice , Tinel Bruno , Bujon Anne-Lorraine , Chalier Jonathan
Published: May 2023

Une ancienne députée européenne, un avocat en droit européen et un professeur d’économie discutent de la régulation du système financier, des missions des banques centrales, et des moyens de mettre la finance au service d’une économie durable et solidaire.
Tunisie : la révolution trahie
Authors: Ben Achour Yadh
Published: May 2023

Les attaques du président de la République tunisienne contre les journalistes, les magistrats, les minorités subsahariennes et les opposants politiques témoignent d’un effacement de l’État de droit au profit d’un État policier.
On employing pythagorean fuzzy processing time to minimize machine rental cost
Authors: El-Morsy Salwa , Ahmad Junaid , George Reny
Published: May 2023

The aim of this paper is to obtain the minimal rental cost of the three-phases flow shop scheduling problems. A novel strategy to tackle this issue using Pythagorean fuzzy processing time is introduced. It depends on converting the three stages machine into two stages when the minimum value of processing time of the first machine is greater than the maximum value of processing time of the second machine. The vague processing time does not convert to its crisp form. The jobs sequencing in machines is obtained using Johnson procedure. The zero element of the Pythagorean set is defined as, $ {\widetilde{\mathrm{O}}}^{\mathrm{p}} = \left(\mathrm{0, 1}\right) $ i.e., it has zero membership and one nonmembership values. A numerical example include Pythagorean rental cost is delivered to demonstrate the reliability of the suggested strategy. The idle time, utilization time, and the overall cost are calculated. The idle time of all machines is zero, which minimize the required time and hence, minimize the total rental cost.
Approximate inverse preconditioners for linear systems arising from spatial balanced fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Pan Jianyu
Published: May 2023

We consider the preconditioned iterative methods for the linear systems arising from the finite volume discretization of spatial balanced fractional diffusion equations where the fractional differential operators are comprised of both Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. The coefficient matrices of the linear systems consist of the sum of tridiagonal matrix and Toeplitz-times-diagonal-times-Toeplitz matrix. We propose using symmetric approximate inverse preconditioners to solve such linear systems. We show that the spectra of the preconditioned matrices are clustered around 1. Numerical examples, for both one and two dimensional problems, are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the new preconditioners.
I saw a movie with Brad Pitt – Using pencils to learn syntax
Authors: Josse Hélène , Thurel Céline
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a research project conducted on four second-year English classes (approximately 110 students) at Sorbonne Nouvelle University (Paris, France) in 2021/2022. This project was motivated by the realization that students were struggling to understand the opposition between linearity and syntax and to grasp the basic syntax of noun phrases in English. This difficulty can be explained by two reasons: the students were not engaged in the learning process because they did not clearly understand what they had to learn about syntax; and what was expected of them – demonstrating their understanding of noun phrase structure by adding brackets – was beyond their reach.The authors assumed that a non-verbal modality such as drawing could serve as a first step in understanding the opposition between syntax and linearity. They hypothesized that offering more than one modality to demonstrate one’s understanding of noun phrase structure would address both difficulties: engaging the students and helping them achieve the learning outcomes. To that effect, they designed an activity that introduced the concept of syntactic ambiguity and that was both engaging and multimodal. Students were presented with syntactically ambiguous sentences such as "I saw a movie with Brad Pitt" and were asked to:• discuss the two possible interpretations in their own words, i.e., produce a gloss;• draw the two possible interpretations of the sentence; • add a follow-up sentence to clarify the context;• bracket the noun phrases to make the syntactic pattern visible.A satisfaction questionnaire was completed by 93 students at the end of the session and 111 midterm exam papers were collected for analysis.The results tend to prove that the original hypothesis was valid. Offering an array of mediums, including drawing, to describe the syntax of noun phrases made students feel confident and engaged. However, the lesson plan should also include activities that help students transition towards verbal expression as university students are expected to exhibit understanding in words.
Designing posters to learn how to teach English
Authors: Jouannaud Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2023

French culture has a long tradition of separating body and mind (Antonio Damasio’s popular book on the link between cognition, emotion, and internal body states is entitled Descartes’ error). This separation has led the educational system, and society in general, to downplay the importance of school subjects involving the body or requiring the use of one’s hands for technical or artistic pursuits rather than for holding a pen (a more ‘intellectual’ instrument). On the other hand, theories of embodied cognition hold that the sensory and motor systems play an essential role in cognition, a finding that has important consequences for educational practice. This presentation will focus on French undergraduate students majoring in English and intending to become language teachers. It will describe an introduction to teaching methods course in which they discover, practice and analyze activities and design teaching material that they will be likely to use in their future profession. One of the resources they design are classroom posters. The use of visual aids in language teaching has a long history, and has been shown by modern cognitive psychology to be effective, especially in terms of memorization. The design of these posters and the demonstration of activities using them enables students to both express their creativity and skills in arts and crafts, and to experience first-hand the power of visuals in the language classroom. I present a few examples of posters created by my students using various kinds of materials (paper, cardboard, glue, twine, cotton, fabric, etc.).
Can visual representations facilitate EFL information processing and learning?
Authors: Manoïlov Pascale
Published: May 2023

Drawing is not a common activity in academic settings, especially in language learning departments. However, sketching a course or part of a course, could be a good way for students to recall key elements and to put together –­ create sense out of – what has been studied over a term. This research deals with the visual representations drawn by students enrolled in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) courses at university in France. Studying what and how students sketched course content provides a useful insight on what key elements they retained, and how they integrated language learning. Their visual representations are classified according to both form and content. Each category is then analysed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different types of representations with regard to the goals of the courses.
The Digital Tool Pygmalion and its Interactive Maps: Visualising Modal Verbs in the Classroom
Authors: Dell’Oro Francesca
Published: May 2023

This contribution showcases the free digital tool Pygmalion and its application to the learning/teaching of English modals in both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. This recently developed tool allows users to draw interactive maps of meanings, constructions and semantic relationships without requiring computer skills. While Pygmalion was originally designed to draw diachronic maps of single words (or of etymologically related words), I show how it is possible to draw synchronic maps as well as contrastive maps. After having presented the main features of the tool, I show how Pygmalion can be used to create a synchronic and a diachronic map to compare the modals “can” and “may”, illustrating the procedure step by step. Thanks to its user-friendly design, Pygmalion can be used by teachers, pupils, students not only in a classroom context, but also for autonomous learning.
Entre ordre et désordre
Authors: Krauthausen Karin
Published: May 2023

Les documents posthumes laissés derrière eux par des écrivains, des philosophes et des savants montrent que si le processus de création peut prendre des formes très variées, il n’est, dans la grande majorité des cas, pas le fruit du hasard. Le présent article justifie cette affirmation en prenant l’exemple des fiches bristol ou papier qui ont été utilisées comme technologie d’écriture par le philosophe Hans Blumenberg, le sociologue Niklas Luhmann et l’écrivain Arno Schmidt. Bristol ou papier, les collections de fiches sont la forme moderne prise par la technique de la notation savante qui, depuis le début des temps modernes, a permis de mobiliser le savoir établi. Mais au tournant du xixe et du xxe siècle, les fichiers sont devenus un outil standardisé pour gérer toutes sortes de données. Par le biais d’études de cas, le présent article montre comment les trois auteurs allemands retenus s’approprient au xxe siècle cette technologie standardisée et la détournent en l’adaptant de manière spécifique à leur processus créateur : le fichier « contrôlé » de Blumenberg, le fichier « désordonné » de Luhmann et le fichier « linéaire » de Schmidt conditionnent trois modes de production différents et assignent à chaque auteur des positions définies.
Climate-Related Financial Disclosures and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Dias Ana Isabel , Baptista Fernandes Sónia Raquel , Pinheiro Pedro
Published: May 2023

This study intends to provide additional evidence regarding practices of reporting based on the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures, and to relate it with performance scores of reporting based on corporate social responsibility indicators. Despite the announcements of the adoption of those recommendations, the level of compliance is relatively low. Additionally, the relation with corporate social responsibility exists, but only when the comparison is with environmental disclosures. The contribution of this study is to provide evidence that the adoption of the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures is challenging because there are two perspectives for corporate reporting as the disclosure performance based on indicators of corporate social responsibility (inside-out) differs from the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (outside-in). The results may support understanding the companies' challenges in the practical implementation of the existing guidelines.
An Assessment of the Stakeholders' Participation and View in IPSASB Due Processes
Authors: dos Santos Paula Gomes , Albuquerque Fábio , Paiva da Penha Maria Eugênia
Published: May 2023

Despite being an international reference, the majority of countries did not fully adopt international public sector accounting standards (IPSAS). Given the importance of due processes to the IPSAS Board (IPSASB) legitimation, this chapter uses the comment letters sent by different stakeholders within its due processes to assess their level of participation and agreement with the IPSASB position concerning their distinctive characteristics. For this purpose, seven ongoing projects in August 2021 are used as a source of information, and contingency tables and the chi-square test as statistical analysis techniques. The findings show, as matters of constraint to the IPSASB legitimacy, a low level of responses overall, as well as a lower level of agreement by government entities and national standards setters. The study provides inputs to the understanding of the limited implementation of IPSAS, proposing as a future avenue the inclusion of some elements that can be particularly useful to explain stakeholders' engagement and interests in IPSASB public consultation processes.
The Legal Impact of the Portuguese Whistleblowing System on Financial Reporting
Authors: de Pitta Simões Patrick
Published: May 2023

In an increasingly global information society, public disclosure of corruption cases has been frequent, making us question the conduct of those involved. In order to avoid social alarmism and to safeguard the identification of those involved, a system of reporting channels, also known as the whistleblowing system, has been developed throughout the world. In turn, the evolution in the way financial reports are produced and analysed has caused new demands for social scrutiny to be incorporated such as those relating to the whistleblowing system. This text will address the impact of whistleblowing system on financial reporting, speaking on the recent legal diplomas approved in Portugal, largely influenced by situations that occurred in the USA, within the financial markets, more specifically relating the auditors' work. Compliance, which used to be understood as the best voluntary practices of integrity and organisational transparency, is now legally obligatory and institutionalised in public and private entities, and the content of financial reports is given new prominence.
Shifting Gears
Authors: Hanebeck Chris
Published: May 2023

The concept of visibility is often associated with seeing everything that is going on across an entire supply chain. The following chapter takes a close look at the current understanding and practice of supply chain visibility to establish what it means and how the concept is applied in organizations today. It investigates current problems and introduces an innovative approach to supply chain collaboration that allows all participants in a process to work together, eliminate manual communication and coordination, and achieve higher efficiencies than any one company could reach on their own. The chapter includes several practical examples and illustrates the benefits of collaboration through a real-life business case.
Day in the Life of Supply Chain Analysts in a Digital World
Authors: Esturi Shiva R. , Liao Bo , Smith Neale R.
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses the role of supply chain analytics in managing digital supply chain, as well as the practical implementation approaches of supply chain analytics. The chapter first discusses a typical day in the life of supply chain analysts. It then discusses the categorization of supply chain analytics and some practical recommendations for the implementation of supply chain analytics. Finally, the chapter provides a case study illustrating some important considerations in supply chain design.
An Exploration of Digital Health Literacy in Malaysia
Authors: Yun Wong Sing , Ismail Abdul Jabbar Bin , Madli Faerozh Bin , Gulabdin Shaierah Binti
Published: May 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines digital health literacy as the capacity to use electronic devices to acquire, seek, evaluate, and comprehend health information in order to improve health outcomes or to address a health concern. The recent technological advancement have made the globe more digital than ever before by allowing the populations to easily access the information on healthcare. In Malaysia, the rapid advancement in the digital information and communications technology (ICT) applications followed by the quick spread of the COVID-19 has similarly led to remarkable changes to the digital health literacy. In the wake of COVID-19, this chapter offers a timely analysis on the retrospective studies conducted in the area of digital health literacy. From this chapter, observations can be drawn on the supports given by the government to the people in their health-information seeking attempts so as to improve the overall digital health literacy.
COVID-19 and Intensive Care Management
Authors: Sedkaoui Soraya , Benaichouba Rafika , Mohammed-Belkebir Khalida
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems around the world with the large number of hospitalizations and the need for intensive care management. The capacity of healthcare systems to provide adequate treatment and prevent the spread of the virus has become a crucial factor in the fight against COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to assess and contrast the healthcare system capabilities of various countries in handling COVID-19 patients and managing intensive care. The study will use and analyze data to compare the number of intensive care units (ICUs), hospital beds, and healthcare workers in the most affected countries. Through this analysis, the chapter aims to provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of different healthcare systems and identify best practices in intensive care management during the pandemic. The comparison will provide insights into the preparedness of healthcare systems and the effectiveness of the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus.
The Impact of Procedural Law on Artificial Intelligence by Improving the Healthcare Systems
Authors: Bozorgi Majedeh
Published: May 2023

We could not deny that artificial intelligence has had an impact on healthcare. However, it has certain issues. In recent years, civil law and medical ethics have both addressed this issue. The law of liability is necessary when artificial intelligence is applied in healthcare services because it raises the possibility of bad decisions and the issue of who has responsibility for them. The Ethical and Governance Recommendations for AI for Health Systems, released by the World Health Organization, intends to establish ethical guidelines on the deployment of artificial intelligence to address the potential ethical and legal implications of non-discrimination and accountability. Providers of artificial intelligence services must adhere to moral and legal principles that are consistent with international considerations and user protection laws. To build AI ethics, it is necessary to raise accountability and enhance legal and regulatory frameworks.
Machine Learning Framework for Prediction of Early Childhood Obesity
Authors: Chiurunge Panashe , Kandiero Agripah
Published: May 2023

One of the challenges being faced in the 21st century is child obesity, which is a serious health concern in Zimbabwe and the world. If obesity is not controlled, it has detrimental consequences when a child risks suffering from health challenges such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoarthritis in adulthood. Therefore, it is paramount to have an early prediction of child obesity using the BMI scale. Technology has the unrealized potential to identify people at risk for behavioural health conditions and inform prevention and intervention strategies. In this study, a prediction model was proposed to investigate how technology can be used to predict child obesity. Using a prediction model, this study sought to understand technology's potential value in child obesity. Three different machine learning methods were used to establish accuracy in the prediction model. The findings of this study indicate that it is feasible to use a prediction tool to identify individuals at risk of being diagnosed with obesity, which can facilitate early intervention and improved outcomes.
Efficacy of Deep Neural Embeddings-Based Semantic Similarity in Automatic Essay Evaluation
Authors: Hendre Manik , Mukherjee Prasenjit , Preet Raman , Godse Manish
Published: May 2023

Semantic similarity is used extensively for understanding the context and meaning of the text data. In this paper, use of the semantic similarity in an automatic essay evaluation system is proposed. Different text embedding methods are used to compute the semantic similarity. Recent neural embedding methods including Google sentence encoder (GSE), embeddings for language models (ELMo), and global vectors (GloVe) are employed for computing the semantic similarity. Traditional methods of textual data representation such as TF-IDF and Jaccard index are also used in finding the semantic similarity. Experimental analysis of an intra-class and inter-class semantic similarity score distributions shows that the GSE outperforms other methods by accurately distinguishing essays from the same or different set/topic. Semantic similarity calculated using the GSE method is further used for finding the correlation with human rated essay scores, which shows high correlation with the human-rated scores on various essay traits.
Can the Project Manager's Transformational Leadership Lead to Project Success?
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Khalique , Abduhamid Abu Bakar , Wahab Sazali Abd , Nazir Muhammad Umair
Published: May 2023

Project-based organisations face the challenge of persistent project failures, leaving researchers and practitioners struggling to identify the best leadership style for project success. Data was collected from 289 project organisations and analysed to reveal that the project manager's transformational leadership behaviour and empowerment significantly improve project success. Additionally, empowerment mediates the impacts of transformational leadership and goal clarity on project success. Goal clarity was found to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and empowerment, but not between transformational leadership and project success. Lastly, contingent reward leadership does not moderate the effect of empowerment on project success. The findings have theoretical and practical implications in the project management field.
Influence of Leadership Potential on the Effectiveness of Managerial Change
Authors: Ignatieva Iryna , Serbenivska Alina , Babina Elena
Published: May 2023

The current article puts forward the following hypothesis: leadership potential is the key to the effectiveness of changes taking place within business structures to ensure their functioning in the markets. In this context, the authors conducted research on leadership potential of the business structures operating in Ukraine. The following objectives have been specified: 1) to analyze and evaluate the development of leadership potential at Ukrainian enterprises and develop its regulation; 2) to provide tools for the enterprise change assessment in the dynamics by means of leadership potential. Fifteen enterprises of the textile industry of Ukraine have been involved in the research. Analysis is based on a random sample of 300 respondents. The analysis of the dominance of the activated change management system conducted on the basis of resultant leadership has revealed that leadership potential is the key factor for change.
Rationale of Management Principles of Providing Sustainable Development of Rural Territorial Communities
Authors: Bezdushna Yulia , Prodanchuk Mykhailo , Zhuk Valeriy , Popko Evheniya
Published: May 2023

The motivation of the research is to find the answer to why the reform of decentralization of government in Ukraine does not contribute to the sustainable development of the countryside and the peasantry. The objective of the article is to substantiate the managerial principles used to ensure sustainable development of rural territories based on the establishment of a village preservation model of the agrarian system in Ukraine. The article identifies basic features of rural development policy and management using various agrarian system models, in particular, the agricultural holding model, which is currently being implemented in Ukraine, and the village preservation model, which is proposed for implementation in order to preserve and revive rural life in Ukraine. The main achieved results include managerial principles of sustainable rural development in the village preservation model of the agricultural system.
A Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Non-Linear Dominance
Authors: Zhou Zhibin , Dai Cai , Xue Xingsi
Published: May 2023

With the increase in the number of objectives, the number of non-dominated solutions will also increase sharply. The sorting method based on the traditional Pareto dominance is not sufficiently distinguishable from the solutions and cannot provide enough selection pressure when the population size is small. In this article, a new non-linear dominance (NLD) method is proposed. The main motivation of this method is from the perspective of storage solutions. The number of solutions is small and the difference between each component is as large as possible, so the part of the first quadrant, the second, and the fourth quadrant near the first quadrant becomes the dominant interval, except for the distance too far also defined as the dominant interval, for which construct a parabolic shape of the non-dominant interval. Based on this relationship, the authors propose a non-linear dominated many-objective evolutionary algorithm (NLDEA), which can solve the irregular Pareto front. Experiments show that NLDEA is competitive with the most advanced methods for various scalable benchmark problems.
The Role of Governments in Driving Industry 4.0 Adoption in Emerging Countries
Authors: Mohiuddin Muhammad , Reza Mohammad Nurul Hassan , Jayashree Sreenivasan , Al-Azad Md Samim , Ed-dafali Slimane
Published: May 2023

Industry 4.0 contributes to the virtualization of production system and enhances capabilities. However, the adoption process poses substantial challenges for SMEs in emerging markets due to institutional voids, resources, and public supports. This study explores the role of government in adopting Industry 4.0 by the SMEs and how organizational structure influences the process. It employed a quantitative approach and surveyed 225 managers. Industry 4.0 adoption is significantly influenced by government policy and subsidies. Government policy and subsidy transform organizational structure to be more transparent and flexible, streamlining them in adopting Industry 4.0. The organizational structure substantially mediates the relationships between government policy, subsidy, and Industry 4.0 adoption. This study implies that governments are vital in helping SMEs to adopt Industry 4.0 in emerging markets. Thus, governments should make policies that support technology adoption by offering sufficient funding/subsidies to boost innovation and technological transformation.
Investigation of 4H-SiC UMOSFET Architectures for High Voltage and High Speed Power Switching Applications
Authors: Hung Chia Lung , Hsiao Yi Kai , Tu Chang Ching , Kuo Hao Chung
Published: May 2023

A comparative TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design) simulation study of various 4H-SiC trench gate MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) (or U-shaped trench gate MOSFET abbreviated for UMOSFET) architectures for high voltage and high-speed switching applications is reported. The DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current) characteristics of the different trench gate structures are investigated. Particularly, compared to conventional 4H-SiC UMOSFETs, the breakdown voltage of the UMOSFET having a p-type implanted bottom shield is increased by 44%. However, due to the extra JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor) region, the specific on resistance also increases by 6%. Furthermore, under 1000 V drain bias, the peak electric field at the bottom oxide of the shielded trench gate is below 0.3 MV/cm. In contrast, the peak electric field of conventional UMOSFETs can be as high as 8 MV/cm, which might cause reliability issues. On the other hand, when the bottom oxide thickness of the trench gate is increased, the UMOSFET exhibits 22% less total gate charge, leading to 76% and 71% shorter switching delay time, compared to conventional UMOSFETs and bottom shield UMOSFETs, respectively. As revealed by the simulation results, the UMOSFETs with the p-type implanted bottom shield or thick bottom oxide are advantageous for high voltage and high-speed power switching applications.
Chemical Composition and Microstructure Characterization of High Purity CuMn Alloy for Integrated Circuit
Authors: Wang Yu , Wan Xiao Yong , He Jin Jiang , Zhang Qiao Xia , Kang Yan Ru , Liu Nan , Qi Qi Qi
Published: May 2023

High purity copper and copper alloy targets are the key supporting materials for the interconnection of integrated circuits in advanced processes. In this article, the chemical composition and microstructure of Cu-0.6wt%Mn alloy were characterized by means of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry, Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer, Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. The results show that the total impurity content for Cu-0.69wt%Mn alloy is less than 1 ppm. The three key impurities contents of Ag and Fe and Si could meet the requirement of electronic materials for integrated circuits by use of high purity raw material and appropriate melting and casting methods. Mn content at different positions along the diameter direction fluctuates slightly between 0.66~0.72 wt%, and completely distributed uniformly in the Cu matrix without any trace of aggregation. Due to the influence of raw materials and casting technology, defects such as porosity and carbon inclusion are easy to appear in as-cast microstructure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new casting mould and casting processing to improve the quality of ingots.
Ceramic Materials Using Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Supeliuk T.M. , Maslennikova L.L.
Published: May 2023

The paper considers the possibility of utilization of oil-contaminated mineral waste when obtaining products of architectural and garden ceramics, or ceramic bricks. The aim of the study was to develop compositions of a ceramic charge, using oil-contaminated soil, in the form of loam and sand, instead of a weaker, that meet the requirements of state standards for operational characteristics. Optimal compositions and physical and mechanical characteristics of the obtained ceramic materials are presented. To study the composition of technogenic raw materials and the structure of synthesized ceramic materials, X-ray phase and differential thermal methods of analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry were used. An assessment of the environmental efficiency of utilization of oil-contaminated mineral waste is given, which shows a significant decrease in the anthropogenic load on the environment when obtaining ceramic products with improved operational characteristics.
Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles from Waste Product of Zirconium Carbide Facility
Authors: Abadian-Naeini Fatemeh , Mohsennia Mohsen , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
Published: May 2023

Herein, silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) were synthesized from a waste product of the zirconium carbide facility (WPZF). Firstly, the WPZF was characterized by using physical and chemical methods like X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) methods. Then WPZF proceeded via chemical reagents to synthesize SiO2 NPs by using the sol-gel method. Obtained SiO2 NPs were characterized by using XRD, SEM, EDXA, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The yield of SiO2 NPs reached up to 96.5% and particles were spherical with a diameter of 20 ± 3 nm. Most importantly observed SiO2 NPs in this procedure has an amorphous structure.