bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards sweetness classification of orange cultivars using short-wave NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Zeb Ayesha , Qureshi Waqar Shahid , Ghafoor Abdul , Malik Amanullah , Imran Muhammad , Mirza Alina , Tiwana Mohsin Islam , Alanazi Eisa
Published: January 2023

The global orange industry constantly faces new technical challenges to meet consumer demands for quality fruits. Instead of traditional subjective fruit quality assessment methods, the interest in the horticulture industry has increased in objective, quantitative, and non-destructive assessment methods. Oranges have a thick peel which makes their non-destructive quality assessment challenging. This paper evaluates the potential of short-wave NIR spectroscopy and direct sweetness classification approach for Pakistani cultivars of orange, i.e., Red-Blood, Mosambi, and Succari. The correlation between quality indices, i.e., Brix, titratable acidity (TA), Brix: TA and BrimA (Brix minus acids), sensory assessment of the fruit, and short-wave NIR spectra, is analysed. Mix cultivar oranges are classified as sweet, mixed, and acidic based on short-wave NIR spectra. Short-wave NIR spectral data were obtained using the industry standard F-750 fruit quality meter (310–1100 nm). Reference Brix and TA measurements were taken using standard destructive testing methods. Reference taste labels i.e., sweet, mix, and acidic, were acquired through sensory evaluation of samples. For indirect fruit classification, partial least squares regression models were developed for Brix, TA, Brix: TA, and BrimA estimation with a correlation coefficient of 0.57, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.55, respectively, on independent test data. The ensemble classifier achieved 81.03% accuracy for three classes (sweet, mixed, and acidic) classification on independent test data for direct fruit classification. A good correlation between NIR spectra and sensory assessment is observed as compared to quality indices. A direct classification approach is more suitable for a machine-learning-based orange sweetness classification using NIR spectroscopy than the estimation of quality indices.
Luminescent Cd coordination polymer based on thiazole as a dual-responsive chemosensor for 4-nitroaniline and CrO42− in water
Authors: Karbalaee Hosseini Akram , Tadjarodi Azadeh
Published: January 2023

A novel highly fluorescent cadmium metal–organic framework, [Cd (DPTTZ) (OBA)] (IUST-3), synthesized by using two linkers 2, 5-di (pyridine-4-yl) thiazolo [5, 4-d] thiazole (DPTTZ) and 4, 4′-oxybis (benzoic acid) (OBA) simultaneously, which exhibits a two-dimensional framework. The characteristics of this Cd-MOF were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry analysis. The IUST-3 exhibits excellent luminescence property and good stability in water. Luminescent experiments indicate that the IUST-3 has remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), and CrO42− anion with KSV = 1.03 × 105 M-1 (4-NA) and KSV = 2.93 × 104 M-1 (CrO42−) and low limit of detection 0.52 µM (4-NA) and 1.37 µM (CrO42−). In addition, the possible fluorescence quenching mechanism was explored in this paper.
Expression of LIM domain-binding 3 (LDB3), a striated muscle Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein in the nervous system
Authors: Blech-Hermoni Yotam , Subedi Kalpana , Silver Maya , Jensen Leah , Coscia Stephen , Kates Malcolm M. , Zhao Yongmei , Raley Castle , Edwards Nancy , Tran Bao , Ray-Chaudhary Abhik , Pathak Pankaj , Mankodi Ami
Published: January 2023

LIM domain-binding 3 (LDB3) is a member of the Enigma family of PDZ–LIM proteins. LDB3 has been reported as a striated muscle-specific Z-band alternatively spliced protein that plays an important role in mechanosensory actin cytoskeleton remodeling. This study shows that LDB3 is broadly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system of human and mouse. LDB3 is predominantly expressed in the adult stages compared to early development and at a significantly higher level in the spinal cord than in the brain. As in skeletal muscle and heart, LDB3 is extensively alternatively spliced in the neurons. Three novel splice isoforms were identified suggesting splicing-dependent regulation of LDB3 expression in the nervous system. Expression of LDB3 in the motor cortex, cerebellum, spinal motor neuron, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junction in addition to skeletal muscle indicates important roles for this PDZ–LIM family protein in motor planning and execution. Moreover, expression in the hippocampal neurons suggests roles for LDB3 in learning and memory. LDB3 interactors filamin C and myotilin are also expressed in the spinal motor neuron, nerve, and neuromuscular junction, thereby providing the basis for neurogenic manifestations in myopathies associated with mutations in these so-called muscle proteins.
Future world cancer death rate prediction
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Yan Ping , Xing Yihan
Published: January 2023

Cancer is a worldwide illness that causes significant morbidity and death and imposes an immense cost on global public health. Modelling such a phenomenon is complex because of the non-stationarity and complexity of cancer waves. Apply modern novel statistical methods directly to raw clinical data. To estimate extreme cancer death rate likelihood at any period in any location of interest. Traditional statistical methodologies that deal with temporal observations of multi-regional processes cannot adequately deal with substantial regional dimensionality and cross-correlation of various regional variables. Setting: multicenter, population-based, medical survey data-based biostatistical approach. Due to the non-stationarity and complicated nature of cancer, it is challenging to model such a phenomenon. This paper offers a unique bio-system dependability technique suited for multi-regional environmental and health systems. When monitored over a significant period, it yields a reliable long-term projection of the chance of an exceptional cancer mortality rate. Traditional statistical approaches dealing with temporal observations of multi-regional processes cannot effectively deal with large regional dimensionality and cross-correlation between multiple regional data. The provided approach may be employed in numerous public health applications, depending on their clinical survey data.
Sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Rwanda: a comparative study
Authors: Nsengimana Amon , Mugabo Eric , Niyonsenga Japhet , Hategekimana Jean Claude , Biracyaza Emmanuel , Mutarambirwa Renauvat , Ngabo Emile , Nduwayezu Richard
Published: January 2023

Despite the abundance of literature highlighting poor sleep quality among medical students and its detrimental impact on their mental well-being and academic performance, no study has been conducted to investigate the sleep quality of undergraduate medical students in Rwanda to date. Therefore, this study sought to determine the magnitude of sleep quality of undergraduate medical students in Rwanda and to compare the scores of seven components of sleep quality across classes. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 undergraduate medical students aged 18–35 years (mean = 24, SD = 2.9) randomly recruited countrywide from 1st November 2021 to 1st March 2022. The questionnaire was self-administered with 2 sections: characteristics of medical students, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Pearson Chi-square test was used to test whether the categories of seven components of sleep quality differ between classes, then ANOVA followed by the post hoc test was used to test if the seven components and global score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index differ between classes. The results revealed that the global PSQI mean score was 7.73 (SD = 2.83), with fifth-year medical students reporting the highest PSQI mean score (M = 8.44, SD = 2.77), followed by first-year (M = 8.15, SD = 3.31). One-way ANOVA showed that the global PSQI score (F = 2.76, p = 0.028), subjective sleep quality (F = 3.35, p = 0.011), habitual sleep efficiency (F = 10.20, p < 0.001), and daytime dysfunction (F = 3.60, p = 0.007) were significantly different across classes. Notably, the post hoc test revealed significant scores differences in the global PSQI score between class II and V (p = 0.026), in subjective sleep quality between class I and II (p = 0.043), and between class I and IV (p = 0.016); habitual sleep efficiency between class V and all other classes (p < 0.001); and daytime dysfunction between class III and IV (p = 0.023). This paper concludes by arguing that poor sleep quality is highly prevalent among medical students in Rwanda, with final and first-year students reporting the poorest sleep quality. There were significant differences across classes in the global PSQI, subjective sleep quality, habitual sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction. Intervention approaches such as sleep education, behavioral changes, and relaxing techniques are recommended to address contributing factors and ultimately maximize the academic goals of Rwandan medical students.
Highly sensitive and specific detection of silver ions using a dual-color fluorescence co-localization strategy
Authors: Hao Chenhui , Wei Jinxiu , Zong Shenfei , Wang Zhuyuan , Wang Hong , Cui Yiping
Published: January 2023

A dual-color fluorescence co-localization (DFC) strategy has been developed for Ag+ions detection. Its sensitivity, selectivity, anti-interference ability and practical application in real samples was investigated with satisfactory results.
A visual ratiometric fluorescence sensor for glutathione response based on MnO2 nanowires as an oxidant, quencher and recognition unit
Authors: Fan Yu , Wang Xin , Huang He , Yang Yumeng , Guo Jinlin , Luo Shajie , Zhao Meilian , Li Yang
Published: January 2023

The as fabricated fluorescence system was used as a platform to develop a visual sensor for glutathione determination, exploiting the fascinating properties of MnO2 nanowires which could act as quencher, artificial nanoenzyme and recognition unit.
A PEG-borate ester solid-state polymer electrolyte to fabricate a Li6PS5Cl-rich composite for a Li metal battery
Authors: Son Junghan , Barcha Cédric , Grugeon Sylvie , Sicsic David , Besnard Nicolas , Courty Matthieu , Becuwe Matthieu
Published: January 2023

A Li6PS5Cl-rich composite is prepared using a PEG-borate ester solid-state polymer electrolyte (BSPE).
The effect of dissolved chlorides on the photocatalytic degradation properties of titania in wastewater treatment
Authors: Delarmelina Maicon , Dlamini Mbongiseni W. , Pattisson Samuel , Davies Philip R. , Hutchings Graham J. , Catlow C. Richard A.
Published: January 2023

Photocatalytic activity of titania is investigated during phenol degradation in standard water and brines. We demonstrate how solubilised chlorides can affect the hydroxyl radical formation and the photodegradation properties of titania.
Single-metal atom sandwiched by graphdiyne and BN-doped graphdiyne sheets as an electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction: a first-principles study
Authors: Li Manqi , Liu Zhenhua , Gao Tian , Liu Shiyao , Yu Hong , Wang Zhao , Sun Hao
Published: January 2023

The exploration of efficient single-atom catalysts provides a prospective pattern for the sustainable development of electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation.
Effect of total charge on the electronic structure of thiolate-protected X@Ag12 superatoms (X = Ag, Au)
Authors: Nakamura Katsunosuke , Ito Shun , Koyasu Kiichirou , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: January 2023

Gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the highest occupied molecular orbital of the icosahedral X@Ag12 core (X = Ag or Au) was destabilized by ~3.7 eV by the increased total negative charge from –1 to –3 due to the ligand layers.
A high-entropy atomic environment converts inactive to active sites for electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Han , Sun Shuhui , Hao Jiace , Zhuang Zechao , Zhang Songge , Wang Tongde , Kang Qi , Lu Shuanglong , Wang Xiaofan , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi , Gao Guohua , Du Mingliang , Wang Dingsheng
Published: January 2023

An electronegativity-dominant high-entropy atomic environment regulation strategy was developed to manipulate the electrocatalytic properties by tailoring the competitive adsorption sites in HEA NPs.
Metal-loaded zeolites in ammonia decomposition catalysis
Authors: Leung Kwan Chee , Tan Ephraem , Li Guangchao , Ng Bryan Kit Yue , Ho Ping-Luen , Lebedev Konstantin , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on characterising and optimising novel zeolite-supported Ru catalysts for ammonia decomposition, with a focus on the effects of N-substitution on catalyst structure and activity.
High density cellulose nanofibril assembly leads to upgraded enzymatic and chemical catalysis of fermentable sugars, cellulose nanocrystals and cellulase production by precisely engineering cellulose synthase complexes
Authors: Zhang Ran , Hu Zhen , Peng Hao , Liu Peng , Wang Youmei , Li Jingyang , Lu Jun , Wang Yanting , Xia Tao , Peng Liangcai
Published: January 2023

High density cellulose nanofibril assembly for upgraded catalysis of sugars, cellulose nanocrystals and cellulases by precisely engineering cellulose synthases complexes.
Facile carbon–silver nanocomposites based on polysaccharide-derived carbon dots for antibacterial applications
Authors: Li Kexin , Ma Jinliang , Wang Zitong , Gu Shaobin , Wu Ying , Cheng Weiwei , Niu Huawei , Zhao Lina
Published: January 2023

Using polysaccharide-derived CDs as a reductant and stabilizer, carbon–silver nanocomposites (C–Ag NCs) are facilely designed and display high antibacterial activity and broad-spectrum properties.
Insulator-to-metal phase transition in a few-layered MoSe2 field effect transistor
Authors: Pradhan Nihar R. , Garcia Carlos , Chakrabarti Bhaswar , Rosenmann Daniel , Divan Ralu , Sumant Anirudha V. , Miller Suzanne , Hilton David , Karaiskaj Denis , McGill Stephen A.
Published: January 2023

We report an insulator-to-metal phase transition in a few-layer MoSe2 field-effect transistor. The conductivity (shown in figure) becomes metallic at a critical carrier density of 1.2 x 1012 cm-2 and is analyzed using percolation theory.
Incorporating paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules with abundant surface hydroxyl groups into polydimethylsiloxane to develop composites with enhanced interfacial heat conductance for chip heat dissipation
Authors: Li Shushan , Lin Zekai , Zhou Zezhi , Zhao Yu , Ling Ziye , Zhang Zhengguo , Fang Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

Hydrogen bonding formed between the surfaces of paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules and the PDMS matrix facilitated the interfacial heat conductance.
Leveraging the monomer structure for high-performance chemically recyclable semiaromatic polyesters
Authors: Fan Hua-Zhong , Yang Xing , Wu Yan-Chen , Cao Qing , Cai Zhongzheng , Zhu Jian-Bo
Published: January 2023

Monomer designviafunctionalization serves as a promising strategy towards the development of inexpensive and high-performance chemically recyclable polymers.
Azapeptide activity-based probes for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease enable visualization of inhibition in infected cells
Authors: Vanhoutte Roeland , Barniol-Xicota Marta , Chiu Winston , Vangeel Laura , Jochmans Dirk , De Jonghe Steven , Zidane Hadeer , Barr Haim M. , London Nir , Neyts Johan , Verhelst Steven H. L.
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the vulnerability of the modern, global society.
Total synthesis of interleukin-2 via a tunable backbone modification strategy
Authors: Wu Hongxiang , Tan Yi , Ngai Wai Lok , Li Xuechen
Published: January 2023

The stability of Cys/Pen ligation intermediate can be tuned to equip with solubilizing tags. Such a strategy can effectively solve the problem of purifying hydrophobic peptides and perform peptide ligation, enabling the total synthesis of IL-2.
One-pot cascade construction of nonsubstituted quinoline-bridged covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Pang Huaji , Huang Dekang , Zhu Yanqiu , Zhao Xiaodong , Xiang Yonggang
Published: January 2023

Highly crystalline nonsubstituted quinoline-bridged COFs were fabricated for the first time by one-pot reactions, and their intrinsic merits over post-synthetic modification facilitated photogeneration of superoxide radicals.
The impact of amino acid metabolism on adult neurogenesis
Authors: Guo Ye , Luo Xing , Guo Weixiang
Published: January 2023

Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process during which newborn neurons are generated through the activation and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and integrated into existing neural networks. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been observed in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, suggesting its critical role in cognitive function, brain homeostasis, and neural repair. Over the past decades, mounting evidence has identified a strong association between metabolic status and adult neurogenesis. Here, we aim to summarize how amino acids and their neuroactive metabolites affect adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the causal link between amino acid metabolism, adult neurogenesis, and neurological diseases. Finally, we propose that systematic elucidation of how amino acid metabolism regulates adult neurogenesis has profound implications not only for understanding the biological underpinnings of brain development and neurological diseases, but also for providing potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in disease progression.
Analysing spectral lines in Gaia low-resolution spectra
Authors: Weiler M. , Carrasco J. M. , Fabricius C. , Jordi C.
Published: January 2023

Context. With its third data release, European Space Agency’s Gaia mission has published the first set of low-resolution spectra for a large number of celestial objects. However, these spectra differ in their nature from typical spectroscopic data, as they do not consist of wavelength samples with associated flux values. Instead, they are represented by a linear combination of Hermite functions.

Aims. We derive an approach to studying spectral lines that is robust and efficient for spectra that are represented as a linear combination of Hermite functions.

Methods. For this purpose, we combined established computational methods for orthogonal polynomials with the peculiar mathematical properties of Hermite functions and basic properties of the Gaia spectrophotometers. In particular, we made use of simple computatios for the derivatives of linear combinations of Hermite functions and their roots.

Results. A simple and efficient computational method for deriving the position in wavelength, statistical significance, and line strengths is presented for spectra represented by a linear combination of Hermite functions. The derived method is fast and robust enough to be applied to large numbers of Gaia spectra without the need for high-performance computing resources or human interference. We present example applications to hydrogen Balmer lines, He I lines, and a broad interstellar band in Gaia DR3 low-resolution spectra.
Sterberisiko für Mundhöhlen- und Oropharynxkarzinome in Thüringen: eine bevölkerungsbasierte Analyse
Authors: Kouka Mussab , Landgraf Josefin , Büntzel Jens , Kaftan Holger , Böger Daniel , Mueller Andreas , Schultze-Mosgau Stefan , Ernst Thomas , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund Diese populationsbezogene Studie untersuchte den
Einfluss der HPV-Assoziation auf das Gesamtüberleben (OS) von Mundhöhlen- (OSCC) und
Oropharynxkarzinomen (OPSCC) in Thüringen und die Inzidenz der HPV-positiven (HPV+) und
HPV-negativen (HPV-) Tumoren.

Methoden Insgesamt wurden alle 308 Thüringer Patienten (83,4 %
Männer; medianes Alter 58 Jahre) mit der Erstdiagnose eines OSCC (38%) oder OPSCC (62%) aus
dem Jahr 2008 in die Studie aufgenommen. Nach der Risikoklassifikation nach Ang wurden
Patienten in ein geringes Sterberisiko (HPV+, Nichtraucher), intermediäres Risiko (HPV+,
Raucher) und hohem Sterberisiko (HPV-, Raucher) eingeteilt. Kaplan-Meier-Analysen und eine
multivariable Regressionsanalyse nach Cox wurden durchgeführt, um das OS zu
untersuchen.

Ergebnisse 22,5% der OPSCC war HPV+ (davon 80,1% Raucher;
Inzidenz: 1,89/100.000 Einwohner). Bei OSCC lag der Anteil der HPV+ bei 8,5% (davon 78,6%
Raucher; Inzidenz: 0,44/100.000). Der mediane Follow-up betrug 31 Monate. HPV+ Patienten
hatten eine signifikant bessere 5-Jahres-OS als HPV-Patienten (81 % vs. 49 %; p < 0,001).
In der multivariablen Analyse ergab sich ein höheres Sterberisiko für: HPV-Patienten (Hazard
Ratio [HR] = 3,2; 95%-Konfidenzintervall [KI]: 1,6–6,4; p = 0,001), eine hohe Risikoklasse
nach Ang (HR = 2,3; 95%-KI: 1,0–5,4; p = 0,049), höheres Alter (HR = 1,7; 95%-KI = 1,1–2,4; p = 0,01), T3/T4 Tumoren (HR = 2,1; 95%-KI = 1,3–3,2; p = 0,001) und das Vorhandensein
von Fernmetastasen (HR = 2,7; 95%-KI = 1,6–4,4; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung HPV+ Nichtraucher waren in Thüringen eine
Minderheit. Die Mehrheit der HPV+ Patienten in Thüringen wiesen durch den Nikotinkonsum als
Risikofaktor ein intermediäres Sterberisiko auf.
Evidence-Based Medicine for Mandible Fracture Repair: Current Controversies and Future Opportunities
Authors: Barrett Thomas , Chi John
Published: January 2023

Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial fractures resulting from trauma. The nature of the injury, involved facial structures, presence of associated injuries, the dental status of the patient, comorbid conditions, and psychosocial context all must be considered by the surgeon when planning the optimal treatment for these patients. While consensus exists for many aspects of the management of mandibular trauma, some elements remain controversial. Three such topics—antibiotic therapy, treatment of subcondylar fractures, and management of the third molar—remain particularly controversial, with significant heterogeneity in practice patterns and without widely accepted evidence-based guidelines to standardize care. The goals of this work are to (1) review the historical perspective underlying these controversies, (2) summarize recent evidence shaping the current debate, and (3) highlight opportunities for continued efforts to identify best practices.
State of the Evidence for Facial Skin Cancer Reconstruction
Authors: Desisto Nicole G. , Ortiz Alexandra S. , Yang Shiayin F. , Stephan Scott J. , Patel Priyesh N.
Published: January 2023

This review provides a comprehensive presentation of the evidence available in facial reconstruction post-Mohs micrographic surgery. Given the large diversity in post-Mohs reconstruction, there are limited guidelines in the management of defects. The aim of the present work is to provide a review of the best evidence as it pertains to several considerations in facial reconstruction. Data suggests that Mohs micrographic surgery and many reconstructive procedures can be performed as outpatient procedures under local anesthesia, with narcotic pain medication only given in certain patient populations following a minority of reconstructive procedures. Perioperative and topical antibiotics are generally not indicated. Aspirin and warfarin can generally be continued for most reconstructive procedures, but clopidogrel and novel anticoagulants may predispose to increased bleeding complications. Delayed reconstruction appears to be safe, although data are discordant on this topic. No specific wound closure technique or suture choice appears to be consistently superior. Given the lack of robust comparative studies, consistent methodology, and variable defect sizes/locations, no robust evidence-based guidelines can be generated for reconstruction techniques of facial subsites.
A RE-AIM Evaluation of a Visualization-Based Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome System
Authors: Turchioe Meghan Reading , Mangal Sabrina , Goyal Parag , Axsom Kelly , Myers Annie , Liu Lisa G. , Lee Jessie , Campion Thomas R. , Creber Ruth Masterson
Published: January 2023

Objectives Health care systems are primarily collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for research and clinical care using proprietary, institution- and disease-specific tools for remote assessment. The purpose of this study was to conduct a Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) evaluation of a scalable electronic PRO (ePRO) reporting and visualization system in a single-arm study.

Methods The “mi.symptoms” ePRO system was designed using gerontechnological design principles to ensure high usability among older adults. The system enables longitudinal reporting of disease-agnostic ePROs and includes patient-facing PRO visualizations. We conducted an evaluation of the implementation of the system guided by the RE-AIM framework. Quantitative data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results Reach—the total reach of the study was 70 participants (median age: 69, 31% female, 17% Black or African American, 27% reported not having enough financial resources). Effectiveness—half (51%) of participants completed the 2-week follow-up survey and 36% completed all follow-up surveys. Adoption—the desire for increased self-knowledge, the value of tracking symptoms, and altruism motivated participants to adopt the tool. Implementation—the predisposing factor was access to, and comfort with, computers. Three enabling factors were incorporation into routines, multimodal nudges, and ease of use. Maintenance—reinforcing factors were perceived usefulness of viewing symptom reports with the tool and understanding the value of sustained symptom tracking in general.

Conclusion Challenges in ePRO reporting, particularly sustained patient engagement, remain. Nonetheless, freely available, scalable, disease-agnostic systems may pave the road toward inclusion of a more diverse range of health systems and patients in ePRO collection and use.
Understanding Health Disparities in Preeclampsia: A Literature Review
Authors: Conklin Mary B. , Wells Brittney M. , Doe Emily M. , Strother Athena M. , Tarasiewicz Megan E. Burnett , Via Emily R. , Conrad Lesley B. , Farias-Eisner Robin
Published: January 2023

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial pathology with negative outcomes in affected patients in both the peripartum and postpartum period. Black patients in the United States, when compared to their White and Hispanic counterparts, have higher rates of preeclampsia. This article aims to review the current literature to investigate how race, social determinants of health, and genetic profiles influence the prevalence and outcomes of patients with preeclampsia. Published studies utilized in this review were identified through PubMed using authors' topic knowledge and a focused search through a Medline search strategy. These articles were thoroughly reviewed to explore the contributing biosocial factors, genes/biomarkers, as well as negative outcomes associated with disparate rates of preeclampsia. Increased rates of contributing comorbidities, including hypertension and obesity, which are largely associated with low access to care in Black patient populations lead to disparate rates of preeclampsia in this population. Limited research shows an association between increased rate of preeclampsia in Black patients and specific APOL1, HLA-G, and PP13 gene polymorphisms as well as factor V Leiden mutations. Further research is required to understand the use of certain biomarkers in predicting preeclampsia within racial populations. Understanding contributing biosocial factors and identifying genes that may predispose high-risk populations may help to address the disparate rates of preeclampsia in Black patients as described in this review. Further research is required to understand if serum, placental, or urine biomarkers may be used to predict individuals at risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy.

Key Points
Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring: The Switch from Subdural Electrodes to Stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Coorg Rohini , Seto Elaine S.
Published: January 2023

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has experienced an explosion in use due to a shifting understanding of epileptic networks and wider application of minimally invasive epilepsy surgery techniques. Both subdural electrode (SDE) monitoring and SEEG serve important roles in defining the epileptogenic zone, limiting functional deficits, and formulating the most effective surgical plan. Strengths of SEEG include the ability to sample difficult to reach, deep structures of the brain without a craniotomy and without disrupting the dura. SEEG is complementary to minimally invasive epilepsy treatment options and may reduce the treatment gap in patients who are hesitant about craniotomy and surgical resection. Understanding the strengths and limitations of SDE monitoring and SEEG allows epileptologists to choose the best modality of invasive monitoring for each patient living with drug-resistant seizures.
Affine geometric description of thermodynamics
Authors: Goto Shin-itiro
Published: January 2023

Thermodynamics provides a unified perspective of the thermodynamic properties of various substances. To formulate thermodynamics in the language of sophisticated mathematics, thermodynamics is described by a variety of differential geometries, including contact and symplectic geometries. Meanwhile, affine geometry is a branch of differential geometry and is compatible with information geometry, where information geometry is known to be compatible with thermodynamics. By combining above, it is expected that thermodynamics is compatible with affine geometry and is expected that several affine geometric tools can be introduced in the analysis of thermodynamic systems. In this paper, affine geometric descriptions of equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics are proposed. For equilibrium systems, it is shown that several thermodynamic quantities can be identified with geometric objects in affine geometry and that several geometric objects can be introduced in thermodynamics. Examples of these include the following: specific heat is identified with the affine fundamental form and a flat connection is introduced in thermodynamic phase space. For nonequilibrium systems, two classes of relaxation processes are shown to be described in the language of an extension of affine geometry. Finally, this affine geometric description of thermodynamics for equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems is compared with a contact geometric description.
Finite difference lattice Boltzmann method for modeling dam break debris flows
Authors: Kefayati Gholamreza , Tolooiyan Ali , Dyson Ashley P.
Published: January 2023

A finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) for the simulation of mud and debris flows for one-dimensional cases has been introduced. The proposed FDLBM recovers the generalized equations of mud and debris flows, that is, an unsteady one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation, including the effects of the non-Newtonian behavior of the mixture of water and soil, contraction–expansion losses (or large eddy loss), wind force, various geometries, and lateral inflow or outflow. The proposed FDLBM can be implemented for various non-Newtonian viscoplastic constitutive models of the studied mud and debris flows. The method is validated against previous studies for several benchmark cases, including steady-state problems, hydraulic jump tests, dam breaks with dry and wet beds, and slope dam break floods. Finally, the Anhui debris dam failure flood was investigated by this approach, and the results demonstrated a good agreement with the observed computational and field tests.
An improved multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver with phase interface compression for incompressible multiphase flows
Authors: Chen Guo-Qing , Li Hongyuan , Lv Pengyu , Duan Huiling
Published: January 2023

Numerical dissipation is ubiquitous in multiphase flow simulation. This paper introduces a phase interface compression term into the recently developed multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver and achieves an excellent interface maintenance. Here, the phase interface compression term only works in the interface region and is solved as the flux in finite volume discretization. At each cell interface, the interfacial compression velocity ur is determined by local reconstruction velocities of the multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver, which maintains the consistency of the flux evaluation. Meanwhile, the interfacial order parameter C in the phase interface compression term is obtained by the second order upwind scheme according to the interface normal direction. Numerical validation of the present model has been made by simulating the Zalesak problem, the single vortex problem, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and bubble rising and coalescence. The obtained results indicate the validity and reliability of the present model.
Proton implantation into living cells under nonvacuum atmosphere
Authors: Okawa Ryoichiro , Daiko Yusuke , Obata Akiko , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: January 2023

We report direct proton implantation into living cells by using a palm-sized ion emission gun under a nonvacuum atmosphere at room temperature (25 °C). An injection needle was coated with Nafion® to prepare the proton emission gun, and a polyaniline membrane was used as the target for the proton emission test. After the test, the polyaniline showed structural changes associated with protonation, suggesting successful proton emission from the gun. The device was then used to perform proton implantation into fibroblast-like cells. The viability and metabolic activity of the cells implanted with protons decreased with increasing proton dose within the picomole range. These are the first reported results to show that proton implantation can be effective in supplying direct, localized stimuli to living cells.
Experimental investigation of vortex evolution around oscillating water column wave energy converter using particle image velocimetry
Authors: He Fang , Lin Yuan , Pan Jiapeng , Wei Maoxing
Published: January 2023

Although the oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter has been extensively studied in recent decades, the understanding of the flow field around the OWC converter is still in its infancy due to the complexity of the wave–structure interaction, especially with the vortex evolution. In this study, the characteristics of the flow field around the OWC converter were investigated by using the time-resolved particle image velocimetry technique to analyze the temporal development of the vortex in the vicinity of the OWC converter. The Q criterion was calculated to highlight the vortex intensity, and the entropy was used to analyze the energy dissipation. The results indicated a close relation between the energy dissipation and the formation of vortices. The temporal processes of vortex generation and development were elaborated in terms of phase-averaged results, including their variations with wave heights and wave periods. It was found that the vortex intensity and structure were clearly affected by the wave heights. As the wave period increased, the position of the seaward vortex shifted downward, while that of the leeward vortex shifted upward and deeper into the chamber. In addition, the detailed flow field results provided insight into the effect of vortex evolution on the energy extraction rate of OWC, showing that the leeward vortex led to a decrease in the energy extraction rate, while the seaward vortex led to more energy dissipation as the water leaving the OWC converter and had a relatively small effect on the energy extraction rate.
Parental provisioning drives brain size in birds
Authors: Griesser Michael , Drobniak Szymon M. , Graber Sereina M. , van Schaik Carel P.
Published: January 2023

Large brains support numerous cognitive adaptations and therefore may appear to be highly beneficial. Nonetheless, the high energetic costs of brain tissue may have prevented the evolution of large brains in many species. This problem may also have a developmental dimension: juveniles, with their immature and therefore poorly performing brains, would face a major energetic hurdle if they were to pay for the construction of their own brain, especially in larger-brained species. Here, we explore the possible role of parental provisioning for the development and evolution of adult brain size in birds. A comparative analysis of 1,176 bird species shows that various measures of parental provisioning (precocial vs. altricial state at hatching, relative egg mass, time spent provisioning the young) strongly predict relative brain size across species. The parental provisioning hypothesis also provides an explanation for the well-documented but so far unexplained pattern that altricial birds have larger brains than precocial ones. We therefore conclude that the evolution of parental provisioning allowed species to overcome the seemingly insurmountable energetic constraint on growing large brains, which in turn enabled bird species to increase survival and population stability. Because including adult eco- and socio-cognitive predictors only marginally improved the explanatory value of our models, these findings also suggest that the traditionally assessed cognitive abilities largely support successful parental provisioning. Our results therefore indicate that the cognitive adaptations underlying successful parental provisioning also provide the behavioral flexibility facilitating reproductive success and survival.
Geometrical frustration versus Kitaev interactions in BaCo
2
(AsO
4
)
2
Authors: Halloran Thomas , Desrochers Félix , Zhang Emily Z. , Chen Tong , Chern Li Ern , Xu Zhijun , Winn Barry , Graves-Brook M. , Stone M. B. , Kolesnikov Alexander I. , Qiu Yiming , Zhong Ruidan , Cava Robert , Kim Yong Baek , Broholm Collin
Published: January 2023

Recently, Co-based honeycomb magnets have been proposed as promising candidate materials to host the Kitaev spin liquid (KSL) state. One of the front-runners is BaCo
2
(AsO
4
)
2
(BCAO), where it was suggested that the exchange processes between Co
2+
ions via the surrounding edge-sharing oxygen octahedra could give rise to bond-dependent Kitaev interactions. In this work, we present and analyze a comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of BCAO with fields in the honeycomb plane. Combining the constraints from the magnon excitations in the high-field polarized state and the inelastic spin structure factor measured in zero magnetic field, we examine two leading theoretical models: the Kitaev-type

JK
Γ

Γ
′

model and the XXZ

-

J
1

-

J
3

model. We show that the existing experimental data can be consistently accounted for by the XXZ

-

J
1

-

J
3

model but not by the

JK
Γ

Γ
′

model, and we discuss the implications of these results for the realization of a spin liquid phase in BCAO and more generally for the realization of the Kitaev model in cobaltates.
Dimensional cross-over in self-organised super-radiant phases of ultra-cold atoms inside a cavity
Authors: Shakya Poornima , Ratnakar Amulya , Ghosh Sankalpa
Published: January 2023

We consider a condensate of ultra-cold bosonic atoms in a linear optical cavity illuminated by a two-pump configuration where each pump makes different angles with the direction of the cavity axis. We show that such a configuration allows a smooth transition from a one-dimensional quantum optical lattice configuration to a two-dimensional quantum optical lattice configuration induced by the cavity–atom interaction. Using a Holstein–Primakoff transformation, we find the atomic density profile of such a self-organised ground state in the super-radiant phase as a function of the angular orientations of the pumps in such a dynamical quantum optical lattice, and also provide an analysis of their structures in coordinate and momentum space. In the later part of the paper, we show how the corresponding results can also be qualitatively understood in terms of an extended Bose–Hubbard model in such a quantum optical lattice potential.
Single-probe blade tip timing based on sparse Bayesian learning
Authors: Li Wenbo , Yang Zhibo , Tian Shaohua , Zhao Yuzhu , Chen Xuefeng
Published: January 2023

Blade tip timing (BTT) has become the most promising online monitoring method for turbine blade health. Current BTT data analysis algorithms are extremely sensitive to the number of BTT probes installed and the accuracy of prior information, limiting the practical application of BTT. In this article, a BTT data analysis algorithm is proposed based on a sparse Bayesian learning framework and single-probe BTT signal model. It requires fewer BTT probes and less prior information than previous algorithms. Different degrees of noise were added to the numerically simulated BTT signal, and the results show that the method has high accuracy and reliability under high-noise conditions. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the method with a single BTT probe without any prior information. Furthermore, the characteristics of the signal of a single BTT probe were investigated from a theoretical perspective.
Resonance, symmetry, and bifurcation of periodic orbits in perturbed Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Watanabe Masahito , Yoshimura Hiroaki
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the global structures of periodic orbits that appear in Rayleigh–Bénard convection, which is modelled by a two-dimensional perturbed Hamiltonian model, by focusing upon resonance, symmetry and bifurcation of the periodic orbits. First, we show the global structures of periodic orbits in the extended phase space by numerically detecting the associated periodic points on the Poincaré section. Then, we illustrate how resonant periodic orbits appear and specifically clarify that there exist some symmetric properties of such resonant periodic orbits which are projected on the phase space; namely, the period m and the winding number n become odd when an m-periodic orbit is symmetric with respect to the horizontal and vertical centre lines of a cell. Furthermore, the global structures of bifurcations of periodic orbits are depicted when the amplitude ɛ of the perturbation is varied, since in experiments the amplitude of the oscillation of the convection gradually increases when the Rayleigh number is raised.
Analytical model for the combined effects of rotation and collisionality on neoclassical impurity transport
Authors: Fajardo D , Angioni C , Casson F J , Field A R , Maget P , Manas P
Published: January 2023

The influence of rotation, collisionality and trapped particle fraction on the magnitude and direction of neoclassical impurity transport in tokamaks is analyzed using an extensive database of drift-kinetic simulations with the NEO code. It is shown that an operational window opens at sufficiently high Mach number and low collisionality, where the magnitude of the temperature screening of impurities increases with higher rotation. If the collisionality increases, this effect is quickly lost and the temperature gradient then drives an inward impurity flux when rotation is present. The boundary between these two regimes is calculated as a function of the trapped particle fraction, and it is shown that plasma parameters achieved in recent JET experiments allow them to access the new beneficial regime, in accordance with observations of reduced tungsten accumulation. Applications to ASDEX Upgrade experiments where these effects become relevant are also presented, and the implications for ITER are discussed. A method for extracting the physically distinct Pfirsch–Schlüter (PS) and banana-plateau (BP) neoclassical flux components from the NEO output is introduced and employed to construct a model that describes them analytically at arbitrary rotation and collisionality. The beneficial behavior of the screening with rotation is found to be a BP effect, in contrast to the known detrimental role of rotation in the PS component. The new analytical model is able to reproduce the results of NEO when modeling radial profiles of transport coefficients from experimental kinetic profiles, with the added feature of isolating the BP and PS components for additional physical analysis, while remaining well suited for fast applications.
Terahertz monolithic integrated narrow-band filter based on the silicon carbide substrate
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Yang Lin-An , Li Yang , Liu Siyu , Chen Yao , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: January 2023

This paper presented a narrow-band terahertz integrated cavity filter based on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. By introducing two metalized via-holes in a rectangular integrated cavity, an integrated coupling cavity was built, on the one hand, to operate as a coupling structure; on the other hand, to control the direct coupling between input and output feeding lines, further to control the frequency of the transmission zero. This novel approach was thoroughly investigated with attention paid to the position of the via-holes. Based on this approach, a terahertz narrow-band filter was realized on the semi-insulating SiC substrate, demonstrated good filtering performance, especially the stopband rejection characteristic, and established the groundwork for the production of the terahertz monolithic integrated circuit.
Enhancement of motor imagery training efficiency by an online adaptive training paradigm integrated with error related potential
Authors: Tao Tangfei , Jia Yagang , Xu Guanghua , Liang Renghao , Zhang Qiuxiang , Chen Longting , Gao Yuxiang , Chen Ruiquan , Zheng Xiaowei , Yu Yunhui
Published: January 2023

Objective. Motor imagery (MI) is a process of autonomously modulating the motor area to rehearse action mentally without actual execution. Based on the neuroplasticity of the cerebral cortex, MI can promote the functional rehabilitation of the injured cerebral cortex motor area. However, it usually takes several days to a few months to train individuals to acquire the necessary MI ability to control rehabilitation equipment in current studies, which greatly limits the clinical application of rehabilitation training systems based on the MI brain–computer interface (BCI). Approach. A novel MI training paradigm combined with the error related potential (ErrP) is proposed, and online adaptive training of the MI classifier was performed using ErrP. ErrP is used to correct the output of the MI classification to obtain a higher accuracy of kinesthetic feedback based on the imagination intention of subjects while generating simulated labels for MI online adaptive training. In this way, we improved the MI training efficiency. Thirteen subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group using the proposed paradigm and a control group using the traditional MI training paradigm to participate in six MI training experiments. Main results. The proposed paradigm enabled the experimental group to obtain a higher event-related desynchronization modulation level in the contralateral brain region compared with the control group and 69.76% online classification accuracy of MI after three MI training experiments. The online classification accuracy reached 72.76% and the whole system recognized the MI intention of the subjects with an online accuracy of 82.61% after six experiments. Significance. Compared with the conventional unimodal MI training strategy, the proposed approach enables subjects to use the MI-BCI based system directly and achieve a better performance after only three training experiments with training left and right hands simultaneously. This greatly improves the usability of the MI-BCI-based rehabilitation system and makes it more convenient for clinical use.