bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ professional values on patient care provisions and decisions
Authors: Shammari Farhan Al , Grande Rizal Angelo N. , Vicencio Daisy A. , Mutairi Saud Al
Published: April 2017

Objective: To determine the relationship of professional value system of nurses to their duties and functions specifically on patient care provisions and decisions among selected government hospitals in Hail city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods: The study utilized a Descriptive Correlational method of research inquiry where a 26-item questionnaire on nurse professional value system (NPVSR) were distributed to 150 staff nurses employed in 3 government hospitals in the City of Hail after which, their responses were correlated using Pearson r against their demographic profiles such as gender, age, religion, ethnicity, educational attainment, years of practice, current unit or ward assignment and current rank or position.Results: Based on the responses of the 150 participants, the results showed that there was no significant relationship that exists between their demographic profiles to their value systems on different patient care provisions and decisions during their clinical duties and employment as staff nurses.Conclusions: The study implicated that the value systems of the participants are not dependent or influenced largely or directly by their gender, age, religion, ethnicity, years of practice, educational attainment, current ward or unit assignment and current rank or position. The data further revealed that for this specific group of participants, their professional value system may in some other ways influenced by other factors not mentioned or included in their demographic profiles for the study.
Colégio invisível, revisão pelos pares e normalização documentária na revista do instituto histórico e geográfico de São Paulo
Authors: Hayashi Carlos Roberto Massao , Rigolin Camila Carneiro Dias , Guimarães Vera Aparecida Lui , Hayashi Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
Published: April 2017

Introdução: O artigo aborda a revisão pelos pares, o funcionamento do colégio invisível, o processo editorial (impressão, tiragem, periodicidade, distribuição) e a normalização documentária de um periódico que possui 121 anos de existência: a Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo (RIHGSP).Objetivos: Analisar aspectos da comunicação científica, da editoração e da normalização documentária da RIHGSP.Metodologia: Ancorado na perspectiva teórica da Ciência da Informação e da Sociologia da Ciência, o corpus analisado foi composto por 33 artigos publicados na RIHGSP entre 1895 e 2004.Resultados: O estudo permite compreender como os editores e autores – que faziam parte da intelectualidade paulista e brasileira – e publicavam seus artigos na RIHGSP integravam parte de um colégio invisível no campo dos estudos históricos.Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos podem iluminar futuros estudos sobre periódicos congêneres em busca de semelhanças ou diferenças com relação a esses aspectos.
Serviço de Referência virtual via chat: uma análise comparativa de softwares para soluções de chat
Authors: Nakano Natalia , Jorente Maria José Vicentini , Padua Mariana Cantisani
Published: April 2017

Introdução: Por volta de 2000, as TIC possibilitaram às bibliotecas universitárias a disponibilização do Serviço de Referência Virtual (SRV), um serviço mediado por software para a interação via chat entre o bibliotecário e os sujeitos em busca de informações de acervos ou de serviços das bibliotecas.Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa que fundamenta este artigo foi comparar os softwares utilizados por instituições diversas para disponibilizar o SRVMetodologia: As metodologias para a avaliação e construção teórica que subsidiaram este artigo consistiram-se da combinação de um aporte feito a partir da literatura produzida nacional e internacionalmente sobre o assunto, somado à pesquisa exploratória realizada em ambientes digitais para a análise do design dos software de chat,  adicionadas à observação participante.Resultados: Os resultados apresentam e comparam os recursos e características dos softwares analisados.Conclusões: As conclusões deste estudo apontam para decisões contextuais das instituições e de seus profissionais da informação, de acordo com necessidades e perfis específicos dos sujeitos que interagem com a informação nos ambientes tradicionais e digito-virtuais delineados por parâmetros únicos em cada instituição.
Educação Corporativa na perspectiva da Inteligência Organizacional
Authors: Toni Kelly Cristina Wilhelm De , Alvares Lillian Maria Araújo de Rezende
Published: April 2017

Introdução: Para enfrentar os desafios da competitividade e alcançar as condições para geração de inovação é preciso assegurar-se que a força de trabalho se mantenha altamente qualificada. Nesse contexto, a educação corporativa surge como uma alternativa.Objetivo: Propor um método para analisar a relação entre as abordagens de processo da Inteligência Organizacional e Educação Corporativa.Metodologia: Construção teórica realizada com base na revisão de literatura. E construção de uma abordagem metodológica ligada ao problema desta pesquisa.Resultados: Identificação de um conjunto de elementos comuns entre as abordagens: a “Captura” e “Compartilhamento” de conhecimentos e experiências, o “Significado” compartilhado e a “Cultura” de aprendizado individual e organizacional.Conclusões: Existe uma verdadeira conexão entre as abordagens do estudo. O método proposto pode ser percebido como um instrumento para explicar e avaliar o processo de educação nas corporações pela perspectiva da inteligência organizacional.
La emergencia del "consumidor consciente": un análisis de la participación política a través de las decisiones de compra
Authors: García Espejo Isabel , Novo Vázquez Amparo
Published: April 2017

El consumidor consciente es aquel que convierte su hábito de compraen hábito político tanto a través de sus acciones individuales comomediante su participación en movimientos sociales, convirtiendo elmercado en objeto de reivindicaciones para la práctica de lademocracia. Este artículo persigue varios objetivos: analizar quéfactores predicen el comportamiento de los consumidores conscientesy de los consumidores conscientes con trayectoria estable. Además,descubrir si el consumo político se acerca más a acciones decompromiso cívico o a otras formas de participación política. Losresultados indican que el proceso de socialización y la participaciónpolítica aumentan la probabilidad de ser consumidor consciente.
Los jóvenes argentinos que no estudian ni trabajan: déficit de integración social
Authors: De la Torre Lidia , Baquerin de Riccitelli: María
Published: April 2017

Este estudio busca evaluar si la vulnerabilidad en las condicionesmateriales de vida de los hogares condiciona la integración institucionalde los jóvenes de la Argentina. Se trabajó con una muestra aleatoria de4.855 jóvenes de 18 a 25 años. Se observó que el 66% de los que noestudian ni trabajan vive en hogares de nivel socioeconómico bajo omuy bajo, 4 de cada 10 habitan villas de emergencia o barrios precariosy la mitad no completó la escuela secundaria. Los entornosdesfavorables retroalimentan la pasividad y el aislamiento. Sin embargo,la comparación de los NiNi con el segmento de los que trabajanpermitió concluir que niveles similares de vulnerabilidadsocioeconómica son condición necesaria pero no suficiente paraexplicar la situación de desafiliación social de los jóvenes NiNi.
The Relationship between E-Banking Services and Profitability Jordanian Banks as a Case
Authors: Alghusain Nawaf Salim , Alsmadi Ayman Abdalmajeed , Alqtish Atala M. , Al-Qirem Raed
Published: April 2017

This study aims to evaluate the effect of E-banking services on the bank profitability in Jordan Kuwait bank for the period of 2010-2015. Some of financial ratios have been used in order to test that effect.The results of this paper shows that there is a positive relationship between banks billing (e-FAWATEER com) services and increase in bank profitability, also there is relationship between E-banking and increase in bank profitability. In addition, there is relationship between banks cards and increase in bank profitability.
Insider Trading and the Classification of Seasoned Equity Offerings: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Huang Han-Ching , Chiu Hsiu-Hsin
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates whether insider purchasing or selling before Season equity offerings (SEO) announcement have the impact on the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) around SEO announcement in Taiwan. We find that there are negative announcement effects around the SEO announcement, which is not consistent with the argument that there are usually positive announcement effects around the SEO announcement in Taiwan. Moreover, long-run abnormal returns following SEOs are negative. Therefore, the motivation of SEO has changed from investment to overvaluation.. Although there is net buying prior to SEO announcement, the outside investors still regard SEO announcement as a signal of overvaluation instead of growth potential.
Kalifaat en de islamitische staat
Authors: Berger Maurits
Published: April 2017

Caliphate and Islamic State

Islamic scripture provides no definition of the caliphate and the term ‘Islamic state’ was coined for the first time in 1941. Pakistan and Iran call themselves an ‘Islamic republic,’ and ISIS has named itself an ‘Islamic State’ headed by a caliph. For many Muslims the term represents an ideal of a society that is just, peaceful and prosperous. That looks more like a utopian dream. So what is this Islamic state exactly? In this article we will answer that question by means of three approaches: the tenets of Islam, the historical and modern reality, and the wishes of the modern Muslims.
Concessie of confessie?
Authors: de Vries Jurn
Published: April 2017

Concession or confession? Arguments of William of Orange and his environment for public tolerance

John Calvin had the view that church and state formed a spiritual unity. His followers accepted step by step the equal right for protestants and catholic in public society. Their arguments for this were mainly practical. Biblical arguments, as the parable of the tare in the field, played a minor role. Not earlier than in the 19th century public tolerance was a fundamental choice for neo-calvinists.
Zorgzame Kerk. Kerk zijn in de participatiesamenleving
Authors: Noordegraaf Herman
Published: April 2017

A careful church. Being church in a participation society. Experiences with pilot projects from the Protestant Church in the Netherlands

In the context of the project Careful Church the Protestant Church in the Netherlands has developed pilot projects in the field of care and welfare in eighteen local churches. The aim of these is to get learning experiences to determine her position in local society. A description is given of these pilots and of the most important experiences. It is of relevance also on basis of contacts with organisations and local authorities to develop a plan of action. Most activities have to do with creating rooms for encounter and with assisting people who are dependent on care. In this way churches can be a relevant actor in local society with meaningful and small scale activities.
Authority, Identity, and Collaborative Mathematics
Authors: Langer-Osuna Jennifer M.
Published: April 2017

The field of mathematics education research has seen a resurgence of interest in understanding collaborative learning because students in K–12 classrooms are increasingly expected to make sense of mathematics problems together. This research commentary argues for the importance of understanding student authority relations in collaborative mathematics classrooms. How intellectual authority becomes constructed, organized, and distributed among students has implications for both mathematics learning and the development of mathematics-linked identities. This research commentary suggests directions for future work to gain clarity on the mechanisms that undergird the distribution of authority in order to support powerful mathematics classrooms.
What We Say and How We Do: Action, Gesture, and Language in Proving
Authors: Williams-Pierce Caroline (Caro) , Pier Elizabeth L. , Walkington Candace , Boncoddo Rebecca , Clinton Virginia , Alibali Martha W. , Nathan Mitchell J.
Published: April 2017

In this Brief Report, we share the main findings from our line of research into embodied cognition and proof activities. First, attending to students' gestures during proving activities can reveal aspects of mathematical thinking not apparent in their speech, and analyzing gestures after proof production can contribute significantly to our understanding of students' proving practices, particularly when attending to dynamic gestures depicting relationships that are difficult to communicate verbally. Second, directing students to produce physical actions before asking them to construct a mathematical proof has the potential to influence their subsequent reasoning in useful ways, as long as the directed actions have a relationship with the proof content that is clearly meaningful to the students. We discuss implications for assessment practices and teacher education, and we suggest directions for future research into embodied mathematical proof practices.
Parâmetros tecnológicos e produtivos da cana-de-açúcar quando submetida à aplicação de maturadores químicos no início de safra
Authors: Viana Ronaldo Da Silva , Lisboa Lucas Aparecido Manzani , Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre Monteiro , Rodrigues Neto Arthur Duarte
Published: April 2017

O uso de maturadores químicos é uma realidade no setor sucroenergético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros tecnológicos e produtivos da cana-de-açúcar, quando submetida à aplicação de maturadores químicos no início de safra. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. As parcelas principais consistiram da aplicação dos seguintes produtos com suas respectivas dosagens: controle - sem aplicação; sulfometuron-metil 0,02 kg ha-1 + glyphosate 0,15 L ha-1; etephon 0,34 L ha-1 + glyphosate 0,15 L ha-1; glyphosate 0,35 L ha-1; compostos de radicais carboxílicos orgânicos 1,0 L ha-1 + glyphosate 0,15 L ha-1. As subparcelas foram constituídas de diferentes épocas de avaliação: 0, 15 e 30 dias após a aplicação dos produtos. As amostras foram colhidas manualmente e encaminhadas ao laboratório para determinação do brix, pol, açúcares redutores, açúcares redutores totais, fibra, pureza, umidade e açúcar teórico recuperável. Além disso, foram determinados os parâmetros produtivos: toneladas de colmos por hectare e toneladas de açúcar por hectare. Por fim, foram realizadas as análises dos teores de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico. A aplicação da mistura de maturadores químicos compostos de radicais carboxílicos orgânicos + glyphosate apresentou um incremento para os parâmetros tecnológicos da cana-de-açúcar aos 15 dias após a aplicação (DAA), seguido pelo tratamento com a aplicação de glyphosate aos 30 DAA.
The quasi 2 day wave response in TIME‐GCM nudged with NOGAPS‐ALPHA
Authors: Wang Jack C. , Chang Loren C. , Yue Jia , Wang Wenbin , Siskind D. E.
Published: April 2017

The quasi 2 day wave (QTDW) is a traveling planetary wave that can be enhanced rapidly to large amplitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region during the northern winter postsolstice period. In this study, we present five case studies of QTDW events during January and February 2005, 2006 and 2008–2010 by using the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Electrodynamics‐General Circulation Model (TIME‐GCM) nudged with the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System‐Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (NOGAPS‐ALPHA) Weather Forecast Model. With NOGAPS‐ALPHA introducing more realistic lower atmospheric forcing in TIME‐GCM, the QTDW events have successfully been reproduced in the TIME‐GCM. The nudged TIME‐GCM simulations show good agreement in zonal mean state with the NOGAPS‐ALPHA 6 h reanalysis data and the horizontal wind model below the mesopause; however, it has large discrepancies in the tropics above the mesopause. The zonal mean zonal wind in the mesosphere has sharp vertical gradients in the nudged TIME‐GCM. The results suggest that the parameterized gravity wave forcing may need to be retuned in the assimilative TIME‐GCM.
Scaling inter‐tablet coating variability in a horizontal rotating drum
Authors: Ban J. , Kumar R. , Agarwal S. , Wassgren C.
Published: April 2017

This study investigates how the drum‐to‐particle diameter ratio (D/d) affects the surface speed and interparticle coating variability in geometrically similar coaters. Discrete element method simulations were used to model particle movement in different‐sized, cylindrical drums with identical particle diameters, Froude numbers, fill volume fractions, and spray characteristics. The dimensionless streamwise surface speed profiles become increasingly symmetric as D/d increases, with the maximum speed increasing with D/d. The relationship between the maximum dimensionless speed and D/d is fit well with a power‐law expression. Interparticle coating variability decreases with the square root of the number of drum revolutions after a sufficiently large number of drum revolutions. Increasing D/d increases, in a logarithmic manner, the number of drum revolutions required to reach a given degree of coating variability. A similar logarithmic coating variability trend was observed in simulations using almond‐shaped pharmaceutical tablets, suggesting that the trend is independent of tablet shape. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3743–3755, 2017
Method for improving the mechanical performance and thermal stability of unsaturated polyester resin/waste‐printed circuit board nonmetals composites via isocyanate chemistry
Authors: Hu Dechao , Jia Zhixin , Zhong Bangchao , Lin Jing , Liu Maolin , Luo Yuanfang , Jia Demin
Published: April 2017

To strengthen the interfacial interactions between waste‐printed circuit board (WPCB) nonmetals and unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and achieve a high performance in UPE composites, a novel type of polyurethane prepolymer (pre‐PU) with dual functions was prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate with poly(ethylene glycol). We found that pre‐PU was chemically bonded to the surface of the WPCB nonmetals, and a stronger interaction between the WPCB nonmetals and UPE matrix was formed. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the UPE/pre‐PU–WPCB nonmetal composites showed remarkable improvements compared with those of the UPE/WPCB nonmetals composites, in particular, the impact toughness, which increased threefold. We envision that this promising modification method will not only open up new opportunities for the preparation of high‐performance plastic composites but also provide a guarantee for the practical industrial application of WPCB nonmetals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45129.
Preparation and performance of a transparent poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene)–poly(p‐styrene sulfonate‐co‐acrylic acid sodium) film with a high stability and water resistance
Authors: Cai Wanping , Ma Xiangyan , Guo Jiahong , Peng Xing , Zhang Sai , Qiu Zhoutong , Ying Jie , Wang Jikui
Published: April 2017

Poly(p‐styrene sulfonate‐co‐acrylic acid sodium) (PSA) from the copolymerization of acrylic acid sodium and p‐styrene sulfonate monomers were used to dope poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to generate PEDOT–PSA antistatic dispersions. Compared to those of the PEDOT–poly(p‐styrene sulfonate sodium) (PSS), the physical and electrical properties of the PEDOT–PSA conductive liquids were much better. The PEDOT–PSA films possessed a better water resistance without a decrease in the conductivity. The sheet resistance of the PEDOT–PSA–poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films was about 1.5 × 104 Ω/sq with a 100 nm thickness, the same as the PEDOT–PSS–PET films. The transmittance of the PEDOT–PSA–PET films exceeded 88%. Furthermore, the environmental dispersity of the PEDOT–PSA antistatic dispersion was apparently improved by the dopant PSA so that the stability was extraordinarily promoted. Meanwhile, the water resistances of the PEDOT–PSA–PET and PEDOT–PSA films were also enhanced. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45163.
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) by unzipping MWCNTs for the improvement of PMMA microcellular foams
Authors: Li Meijuan , Cheng Ping , Luo Guoqiang , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lianmeng
Published: April 2017

This work presents the cellular microstructures and properties of PMMA/graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) microcellular foams. GNRs were obtained by oxidative unzipping multiwalled carbon nanotubes and solvent thermal reduction in dimethylformamide (DMF), then they were mixed with PMMA to fabricate PMMA/GNRs nanocomposites by solution blending. Subsequently, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a friendly foaming agent was applied to fabricate PMMA/GNRs microcellular foam by a batch foaming in a special mold. The morphology of cell structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and image software, showing that the addition of a smaller content of GNRs caused a fine cellular structure with a higher cell density (∼3 × 1011 cells/cm3) and smaller cell sizes (∼1 μm) due to their remarkable heterogeneous nucleation effect. The mechanical testing of PMMA/GNRs microcellular foams demonstrated that the obtained GNRs also could be used as a reinforcing filler to increase the mechanical properties of PMMA foams. An improvement in the compressive strength of ∼80% (about 39% increase standardized by specific compressive strength) was achieved by 1.5 wt % GNRs addition, and the thermal stability of PMMA/GNRs foams was enhanced too. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45182.
Sichtbetonkosmetik
Authors: Kiltz Denis
Published: April 2017

Optische Auffälligkeiten an Sichtbetonflächen lassen sich auch bei geeigneter Organisation einer Sichtbetonbaustelle und sorgfältiger Bauausführung nicht vollständig ausschließen. Mit einer fachgerechten und hochwertigen Sichtbetonkosmetik vom Fachbetrieb unter restauratorischen und künstlerischen Aspekten lassen sich optische Auffälligkeiten jedoch so beheben, dass die Nachbesserungen als solche nicht mehr erkennbar sind und sich das gewünschte Bild der Sichtbetonfläche einstellt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Techniken derartiger hochwertiger sichtbetonkosmetischer Maßnahmen sowie die zu beachtenden Grenzen vorgestellt. Zudem enthält der Beitrag Hinweise für Bauherrn, Planer und Ausführende, unter anderem zur Qualitätssicherung.
Systematic review of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Grass F , Vuagniaux A , Teixeira-Farinha H , Lehmann K , Demartines N , Hübner M
Published: April 2017

Background

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a minimally invasive approach under investigation as a novel treatment for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of various origins. The aim was to review the available evidence on mechanisms, clinical effects and risks.

Methods

This was a systematic review of the literature on pressurized intraperitoneal chemotherapy published between January 2000 and October 2016. All types of scientific report were included.

Results

Twenty-nine relevant papers were identified; 16 were preclinical studies and 13 were clinical reports. The overall quality of the clinical studies was modest; five studies were prospective and there was no randomized trial. Preclinical data suggested better distribution and higher tissue concentrations of chemotherapy agents in PIPAC compared with conventional intraperitoneal chemotherapy by lavage. Regarding technical feasibility, laparoscopic access and repeatability rates were 83–100 and 38–82 per cent. Surgery-related complications occurred in up to 12 per cent. Postoperative morbidity was low (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3–5 events reported in 0–37 per cent), and hospital stay was about 3 days. No negative impact on quality of life was reported. Histological response rates for therapy-resistant carcinomatosis of ovarian, colorectal and gastric origin were 62–88, 71–86 and 70–100 per cent respectively.

Conclusion

PIPAC is feasible, safe and well tolerated. Preliminary good response rates call for prospective analysis of oncological efficacy.
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of renal cancer detected by abdominal ultrasonography
Authors: Rossi S H , Hsu R , Blick C , Goh V , Nathan P , Nicol D , Fleming S , Sweeting M , Wilson E C F , Stewart G D
Published: April 2017

Background

The potential for an ultrasound-based screening programme for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to improve survival through early detection has been the subject of much debate. The prevalence of ultrasound-detected asymptomatic RCC is an important first step to establishing whether a screening programme may be feasible.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed up to March 2016 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of renal masses and RCC. Two populations of patients were chosen: asymptomatic individuals undergoing screening ultrasonography and patients undergoing ultrasonography for abdominal symptoms not related to RCC. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Study quality was evaluated using a validated eight-point checklist.

Results

Sixteen studies (413 551 patients) were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of renal mass was 0·36 (95 per cent c.i. 0·23 to 0·52) per cent and the prevalence of histologically proven RCC was 0·10 (0·06 to 0·15) per cent. The prevalence of RCC was more than double in studies from Europe and North America than in those from Asia: 0·17 (0·09 to 0·27) versus 0·06 (0·03 to 0·09) per cent respectively. Data on 205 screen-detected RCCs showed that 84·4 per cent of tumours were stage T1–T2 N0, 13·7 per cent were T3–T4 N0, and only 2·0 per cent had positive nodes or metastases at diagnosis.

Conclusion

At least one RCC would be detected per 1000 individuals screened. The majority of tumours identified are early stage (T1–T2).
Contemporary Data and Trends in the Economic Costs of Mental Disabilities
Authors: Shaughnessy Timothy M. , Parker Frederick R. , Hollenshead Jean H. , Clottey Emmanuel N. , Rubin Harvey W.
Published: April 2017

This article addresses the economic effects of mental disabilities by analyzing contemporary data in the context of micro‐ and macroeconomic thought and relevant statistical literature. Within the parameters of these conceptual and statistical reference points, the authors seek to discern current trends in the direct, indirect, and opportunity costs posed by mental disabilities, not only to the individuals who suffer from them, but also to their families, to employers, and to society as a whole. The authors also discuss uncertainties that inhere in available data concerning both the prevalence of these conditions and the related costs of treatment, as well as the complexity of drawing correlations among variables with respect to these costs and the difficulty of identifying a meaningful measure of the economic consequences that attend mental disabilities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Homochiral {CoΙΙ16CoΙΙΙ4} Supertetrahedral T4 Cluster from a Racemic Ligand with Ferromagnetic Behavior and High Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Du Wei , Bai Yue‐Ling , Yin Xiuping , Fang Jianhui , Zhu Shourong , Tao Jun
Published: April 2017

A homochiral mixed‐valence cobalt cluster [CoΙΙ16CoΙΙΙ4(μ6‐O)4(μ3‐OH)12(S‐bme)12(OAc)6]Cl6⋅5 CH3OH⋅18 H2O (1, Hbme=1H‐(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)ethanol) was synthesized from a racemic ligand and three cobalt salts of CoCl2⋅6 H2O, Co(Ac)2⋅4 H2O and Co(NO3)2⋅6 H2O in a DMF/MeOH mixed solvent. The enantioselective coordination occurs when a large excess of cobalt ions added in the solution and only the S‐configuration of the racemic ligand involved in crystallization. The CD spectra of three crystal samples show identical Cotton signals, indicating the repeatability and the enantiomeric purity of the single crystals. This compound presents a beautiful two‐shell Matryoshka‐type supertetrahedral T4 cluster constructed by an inner CoΙΙΙ4O4 cubane and four exterior CoΙΙ4O4 cubanes bridged by μ6‐O2− and μ3‐OH− ions. This highest nuclear chiral cobalt cluster is the first example of enantiopure cobalt cluster separated from a racemic ligand and is the largest supertetrahedral cobalt cluster up to now. The magnetic studies reveal it behaves as a ferromagnet. Photocatalytic properties of 1 show high catalytic activities for the degradation of the highly toxic triphenyl dye crystal violet (CV) in the presence of H2O2 under visible light in aqueous solution. The degradation rate almost reach 100 % at 45 min and can maintain 98.54 % after 8 cycles.
Preparation and Characterization of High‐Temperature Non‐Flowing Diurea/Paraffin/Oil Composites as Form‐Stable Phase Change Materials
Authors: Li Hongyu , Zhao Tianbo , Wang Lili
Published: April 2017

A series of form‐stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) comprising paraffin as the latent heat storage material, diurea as the supporting material and base oil as the performance improvement agent were prepared. The diurea was synthesized in the system of paraffin/oil directly. A series of characterization was carried out for a deep understanding of shape stability and material properties of diurea‐FSPCMs. The results showed that paraffin and base oil were packaged in the three‐dimensional supra‐molecular structures network which was formed by diurea. The dropping point of the prepared FSPCMs could reach 256 °C and the oil separation rate was as low as 1.19% at 100 °C for 30 h. The results of thermal properties tests showed that the prepared FSPCMs exhibited excellent thermal stability and the FSPCMs remained solid‐like state in the temperature range from 25 to 200 °C. This study proposes a novel method to prepare high‐temperature non‐flowing FSPCMs composites and methods to detect the thermal stability and shape stability of FSPCMs, which is helpful in understanding the shape stability mechanism and broadening the potential application of FSPCMs.
Preparation and Stability Evaluation of Size‐Controllable PDHCA‐β‐CD Nanoparticles as Drug Carrier
Authors: Chu Hong , Zhao Xue , Liu Shirong , Ni Zhongbin , Shi Dongjian , Chen Mingqing
Published: April 2017

A novel biocompatible polymer was prepared by grafting the derivate of β‐cyclodextrin (6‐SH‐β‐CD) onto poly(3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid) (PDHCA) via Michael addition. PDHCA‐β‐CD nanoparticles were prepared by the self‐assembly of amphiphilic PDHCA‐β‐CD polymer with N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as good solvent and water as poor solvent. The PDHCA‐β‐CD nanoparticles were monodispersed with spherical morphology as shown in the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in accord with the result of dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement. The size of the nanoparticles could be controlled from 60 to 180 nm by tuning the grafting degree (GD) of PDHCA‐β‐CD polymer and also significantly influenced by the amount of water used during the process. These as‐prepared nanoparticles were stable without any significant change in the particle size after six‐months’ storage and even after being irradiated by UV at λ>280 nm for hours. The formation mechanism of PDHCA‐β‐CD nanoparticles was explored. The content of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded onto the nanoparticles was up to 39% with relatively high loading efficiency (approximately 78.8% of initial DOX introduced was loaded). In vitro release studies suggested that DOX released slowly from PDHCA‐β‐CD nanoparticles. These features strongly support the potential of developing PDHCA‐β‐CD nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of drug.
Progress in Controllable Construction and Energy‐Related Applications of MX2/Graphene and MX2/MX2 Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Zhang Zhepeng , Shi Jianping , Jiang Shaolong , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: April 2017

Van der Waals heterostructures have attracted attention worldwide owing to their novel properties and diverse potential applications. Particularly, vertically stacked MX2/graphene (MX2/Gr, M=Mo, W; X=S, Se, etc.) and MX2/MX2 heterostructures have demonstrated their superiority in electronics, optoelectronics and some energy‐related applications. In this Focus Review, we summarize the recent progress in the controllable construction and characterization of MX2/Gr and MX2/MX2 heterostructures, as well as their multiple applications in energy‐related fields. In the first part, we focus on the construction of MX2/Gr heterostructures by the layer‐by‐layer transfer and the direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, as well as their excellent performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices. We then introduce the direct CVD syntheses, electronic properties and photocatalytic activities of MX2/MX2 heterostructures. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for such systems are discussed.
An Elusive Nonaromatic Goal behind the Centropolyindanes: Aufbau of Veratrolo‐Annelated Centropolyquinanes and Ozonolytic Abbau
Authors: Harig Marco , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Kuck Dietmar
Published: April 2017

This study presents a potential experimental approach to the still elusive topologically nonplanar (K5) parent hydrocarbon, centrohexaquinane (1), by a construction‐dismantling (aufbau–abbau) strategy via electron‐rich aromatic centropolyindanes. A series of veratrole‐based centropolyindanes are synthesized and subjected to ozonolytic degradation. These include the 2,2′‐spirobiindanes 30–32, fuso‐diindane 33, triptindanes 34–36, tribenzotriquinacene 37, and tetramethoxycentrohexaindane 9. Spirane 30 and propellane 36 are characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. Ozonolysis of 32 and 33 gives a keto ester (59) and a dimethyl muconate (60), respectively. Dimethoxytriptindane 34 gives a [3.3.3]propellane‐cis,cis‐muconate (61) in good yield, the stereochemistry of which is determined by X‐ray structure analysis. Tetramethoxytriptindane 35 gives the [3.3.3]propellane‐bis‐muconate 62 along with a [3.3.3]propellane‐dialdehyde‐muconate (63). Hexamethoxytriptindane 36 furnishes three products of mainly intra‐dimethoxy cleavage, with the [3.3.3]propellane‐tris‐muconate 64 as the major component. X‐ray structure analysis of 64 reveals molecular C3 symmetry and all‐cis,cis stereochemistry of the three muconate groups. Hexamethoxytribenzotriquinacene 37 gives the triquinacene‐tris‐muconate 68, albeit in very low yield. Ozonolysis of tetramethoxycentrohexaindane 9 affords the bis‐muconate 10 in moderate yield, along with two further centrohexacyclic products of single‐wing degradation.
Identification, isolation, and synthesis of seven novel impurities of anti‐diabetic drug Repaglinide
Authors: Kancherla Prasad , Keesari Srinivas , Alegete Pallavi , Khagga Mukkanti , Das Parthasarathi
Published: April 2017

Seven unknown impurities in Repaglinide bulk drug batches at below 0.1% (ranging from 0.05 to 0.10%) were detected by an ultra‐performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method. These impurities were isolated from the crude sample of Repaglinide using preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep‐HPLC). Based on liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI/MS) study, the chemical structures of seven new impurities (8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16) were presumed and characterized as 4‐(cyanomethyl)‐2‐ethoxybenzoic acid (8), 4‐(cyanomethyl)‐2‐ethoxy‐N‐(3‐methyl‐1‐(2‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)butyl)benzamide (9), 4‐(2‐amino‐2‐oxoethyl)‐2‐ethoxy‐N‐(3‐methyl‐1‐(2‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)butyl) benzamide (10) and 2‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐((3‐methyl‐1‐(2‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)butyl) carbamoyl) phenyl) acetic acid (11) and 4‐(cyanomethyl)‐N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐ethoxybenzamide (13), 2‐(4‐(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)‐3‐ethoxyphenyl) acetic acid (14) and N‐cyclohexyl‐4‐(2‐(cyclohexylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐2‐ethoxybenzamide (16). The complete spectral analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, MS, and infrared (IR) confirmed the proposed chemical structures of impurities. Identification, structural characterization, formation, and their synthesis was first reported in this study. The impurity 11 was crystallized and structure was solved by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genomic assessment of species boundaries and hybridization in a group of highly polymorphic anoles (distichusspecies complex)
Authors: MacGuigan Daniel J. , Geneva Anthony J. , Glor Richard E.
Published: April 2017

Delimiting young species is one of the great challenges of systematic biology, particularly when the species in question exhibit little morphological divergence.Anolis distichus, a trunk anole with more than a dozen subspecies that are defined primarily by dewlap color, may actually represent several independent evolutionary lineages. To test this, we utilized amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) genome scans and genetic clustering analyses in conjunction with a coalescent‐based species delimitation method. We examined a geographically widespread set of samples and two heavily sampled hybrid zones. We find that genetic divergence is associated with a major biogeographic barrier, the Hispaniolan paleo‐island boundary, but not with dewlap color. Additionally, we find support for hypotheses regarding colonization of two Hispaniolan satellite islands and the Bahamas from mainland Hispaniola. Our results show thatA. distichusis composed of seven distinct evolutionary lineages still experiencing a limited degree of gene flow. We suggest thatA. distichusmerits taxonomic revision, but that dewlap color cannot be relied upon as the primary diagnostic character.
Elevational gradient and human effects on butterfly species richness in the French Alps
Authors: Gallou Arnaud , Baillet Yann , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Després Laurence
Published: April 2017

We examined how butterfly species richness is affected by human impact and elevation, and how species ranges are distributed along the elevational gradient (200–2700 m) in the Isère Department (French Alps). A total of 35,724 butterfly observations gathered in summer (May–September) between 1995 and 2015 were analyzed. The number of estimated species per 100‐m elevational band was fitted to the elevational gradient using a generalized additive model. Estimations were also performed on a 500 m × 500 m grid at low altitude (200–500 m) to test for the human impact on species richness using generalized least squares regression models. Each species elevational range was plotted against the elevational gradient. Butterfly richness along the elevational gradient first increased (200–500 m) to reach a maximum of 150 species at 700 m and then remained nearly constant till a sharp decrease after 1900 m, suggesting that after some temperature threshold, only few specialized species can survive. At low elevation, urbanization and arable lands had a strongly negative impact on butterfly diversity, which was buffered by a positive effect of permanent crops. Butterfly diversity is exceptionally high (185 species) in this alpine department that represents less than 5% of the French territory and yet holds more than 70% of all the Rhopalocera species recorded in France. Both climate and habitat shape the distribution of species, with a negative effect of anthropization at low altitude and strong climatic constraints at high altitude.
Natural expansion versus translocation in a previously human‐persecuted bird of prey
Authors: Morandini Virginia , de Benito Elena , Newton Ian , Ferrer Miguel
Published: April 2017

Many threatened species in Europe have been expanding their distributions during recent decades owing to protection measures that overcome historical human activity that has limited their distributions. Range expansion has come about via two processes, natural expansion from existing range and reintroductions to new ranges. Reintroductions may prove to be a better way to establish populations because individuals are less subject to competitive relationships lowering breeding success than individuals expanding from existing populations. Whether this is true, however, remains uncertain. We compared success of breeding pairs of an expanding and a reintroduced population of spanish imperial eagles monitored for over 15 years in the south of Spain. We found significant differences in productivity between breeding pairs of each population. Newly established territories in reintroduction areas were almost three times more productive than new territories established as individuals expanded out from an existing population. We conclude that among these eagle populations reintroduced to new areas may fare as well or better than individuals expanding out form existing populations.
Expedited Synthesis of Matrine Analogues through an Oxidative Cascade Addition/Double‐Cyclization Radical Process
Authors: Olguín‐Uribe Simón , Mijangos Marco V. , Amador‐Sánchez Yoarhy A. , Sánchez‐Carmona Miguel A. , Miranda Luis D.
Published: April 2017

The addition of a nicotinate–xanthate derivative to N‐allylindoles and N‐allylpyrroles resulted in polycyclic heterocycle‐fused pyridonaphthyridines through a tandem radical intermolecular/intramolecular oxidative addition reaction sequence that created three new C–C bonds and two new rings in a single event. Such polyheterocycles showcase the matrine alkaloid framework and are similar to indole–monoterpenoid natural products.
Implementing a Contributory Scoring Approach for the GRE® Analytical Writing Section: A Comprehensive Empirical Investigation
Authors: Breyer F. Jay , Rupp André A. , Bridgeman Brent
Published: April 2017

In this research report, we present an empirical argument for the use of a contributory scoring approach for the 2‐essay writing assessment of the analytical writing section of the GRE® test in which human and machine scores are combined for score creation at the task and section levels. The approach was designed to replace a currently operational all‐human check scoring approach in which machine scores are used solely as quality‐control checks to determine when additional human ratings are needed due to unacceptably large score discrepancies. We use data from 6 samples of essays collected from test takers during operational administrations and special validity studies to empirically evaluate 6 different score computation methods. During the presentation of our work, we critically discuss key methodological design decisions and underlying rationales for these decisions. We close the report by discussing how the research methodology is generalizable to other testing programs and use contexts.
Bindemittelbasierte Bodenstabilisierung in der Geotechnik
Authors: Dietrich Jörg , Hotz Christian
Published: April 2017

Bodenstabilisierungen mit Bindemitteln ermöglichen es, Böden mit geringen Festigkeits‐ bzw. Tragfähigkeitseigenschaften so zu konditionieren, dass bei einer Weiterverwendung die projektseitigen Anforderungen erfüllt werden können. Ziel von Bodenstabilisierungen in der Geotechnik ist in erster Linie die Erhöhung der Festigkeit anstehender bzw. zur Verfügung stehender Böden. Daher werden in diesen Anwendungsfällen überwiegend Zemente oder zementreiche Bindemittel eingesetzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Laboruntersuchungen erläutert, die durchgeführt werden können, um sowohl die optimale Bindemittelsorte als auch die zur Erfüllung der Projektanforderungen notwendige Bindemitteldosierung zu bestimmen. Neben den Standardversuchen wird ein Schnelltest vorgestellt, der eine qualitative Abschätzung des Erhärtungspotenzials eines untersuchten Boden‐Bindemittel‐Gemischs ermöglicht. Auf Basis der Testergebnisse kann zudem mithilfe eines neu entwickelten datenbankgestützten Prognosetools die Festigkeitsentwicklung dieses Gemischs auch quantitativ prognostiziert werden. Abschließend wird ein exemplarischer Ansatz zur Ermittlung von erdstatischen Bemessungskennwerten aus Laboruntersuchungen an unterschiedlichen Boden‐Bindemittel‐Gemischen vorgestellt. Hierfür wurden die Ergebnisse von ca. 190 Druckfestigkeitsuntersuchungen verwendet.
Continuous simulation for computing design hydrographs for water structures
Authors: Blazkova Sarka D. , Blazek Vladimir D. , Jansky Bohumir
Published: April 2017

The contribution discusses the problems with modelling design floods for water structures. The statistical extrapolations of observed flood series of, for example, 80 years “only” to the annual exceedance probability AEP = 0.01 is difficult due to the large variability in extreme values. For large dams, however, the AEP = 0.001 or 0.0001 is required. Most of the uncertainties in hydrological modelling are epistemic (uncertainties in model structure, model parameters, inputs, calibration data, and in measurements) and moreover some measurements can be disinformative. With powerful computers, it is now possible to produce very long series (100 to100,000 years in hourly time step) using precipitation and temperatures computed with a weather model. Within the framework of the Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) many (thousands) of such continuous simulations are produced and compared to the observed historical data. According to Keith Beven's Manifesto for the equifinality thesis the differences between modelled and observed values should not be larger than some limits of acceptability based on what is known about errors in the input and output observations used for model evaluation (e.g., for flow the current metering data are used). The unacceptable realisations are rejected. We have been working with the frequency version of TOPMODEL in various versions according to the unique characteristics of each catchment. Design hydrographs for water structures are then extracted from the acceptable realisations. The continuous simulation with uncertainty estimation seems nowadays the most promising method of computing design hydrographs for important water structures, even if issues associated with epistemic uncertainty of model assumptions remain.
Hepatic expression of oncogenes Bmi1 and Dkk1 is up‐regulated in hepatitis B virus surface antigen–transgenic mice and can be induced by treatment with HBV particles or lipopolysaccharides in vitro
Authors: Zhang Rui , Real Catherine I. , Liu Chao , Baba Hideo A. , Gerken Guido , Lu Mengji , Broering Ruth
Published: April 2017

Previous studies have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops more frequently in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)‐transgenic mice (Alb/HBs) than in wild‐type (WT) mice. However, the mechanism of this HCC model has not been well documented. Toll‐like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling probably links innate immunity and HCC progression. This study was designed to investigate the role of innate immunity in hepatocarcinogenesis in Alb/HBs mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver specimens from Alb/HBs mice (16 per group) showed that the oncogenes Bmi1 (16/16, 100%) and Dkk1 (13/16, 81.25%) were highly expressed in Alb/HBs mice, whereas the other oncogenes evaluated were expressed in smaller percentages of mice (Afp, 9/16, 56.2%; Ctnnb1, 5/16, 31.3%; Epcam, 0/16; 0%). Comparable results were obtained by quantitative PCR analysis. Hepatic gene expression of Tlr2, Tlr4, Il6 and Tnf was additionally elevated in Alb/HBs mice. Stimulation of primary murine hepatocytes with cell culture‐derived HBV particles or LPS increased the expression of oncogenes (Bmi1, Dkk1) and inflammatory factors (Tnf, Il6, Tlr4). Proliferation and colony formation of hepatoma cells were enhanced by treatment with HBV and LPS and were impaired by the suppression of Bmi1 and Dkk1 by small interfering RNAs. Substantial induction of BMI1 and DKK1 was found in liver biopsy samples from patients with HBV‐related HCC but not in HCC samples without HBV infection background. These findings suggest that innate immunity may link inflammation and tumor progression during chronic HBV infection, involving the oncogenes BMI1 and DKK1.