bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSEPSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEBERADAAN COFFEE SHOP DAN BARISTA PADA ERA PEMASARAN KOPI KE TIGA
Authors: Wachdijono Wachdijono , Yahya Assyifa Chairina
Published: May 2022

Dewasa ini, pemasaran kopi dunia memasuki era ke tiga yang ditandai banyak munculnya kedai kopi modern (coffee shop). Selain itu muncul keinginan konsumen untuk lebih mengenal kopi dari origin hingga sampai kepada tahap akhir, mengkonsumsi minuman kopi yang nikmat sehingga melahirkan profesi barista. Oleh karenanya konsumen yang berada pada masa transisi akan dihadapkan pada masalah persepsi terhadap fenomena tersebut dalam kaitannya dengan keberlanjutan usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi konsumen terhadap keberadaan coffee shop dan keberadaan barista pada era pemasaran kopi ke tiga di Kota Cirebon. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara sengaja yaitu di dua coffee shop yaitu Coffee shop Paten Coffee dan Coffee shop Katro. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juni 2020 dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dan teknik pendekatan survey. Populasi penelitian adalah konsumen minuman kopi di kedua kedai tersebut dan teknik pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling sejumlah 45 responden. Adapun analisis data menggunakan kaidah perhitungan skala likert dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa persepsi konsumen terhadap keberadaan coffee shop adalah optimis (68,23 %) dan terhadap keberadaan barista juga optimis (68,11%) dalam pengembangan usaha minuman kopi. Hasil penilitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi para investor yang hendak berinvestasi dalam pengembangan minuman kopi pada era ke tiga ini.Kata kunci: barista, coffee shop, era pemasaran ketiga, optimis
ANALISIS EKONOMI PENDAPATAN USAHA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elais gueneensis J) DESA SUKOMULYO KECAMATAN SEPAKU KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA
Authors: Duakajui Nella Naomi , Juita Firda , Anshori Iqbal Eka
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAKSektor pertanian saat ini menjadi sektor penting di bidang ekonomi Indonesia. Indonesia  penduduknya lebih dominan memilih pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, sehingga diperlukan adanya pembangunan secara nasional yang tumpuannya pada pembangunan sektor pertanian. Sektor perkebunan memiliki peluang  cukup besar untuk menjadi prioritas. Sektor perkebunan yang dimiliki besar sumbangsihnya dalam meningkatkan  pendapatan petani serta penyediaan bahan baku dalam industri sebagai sumber devisa Negara. Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang mempunyai peran penting bagi subsektor perkebunan. Pengembangan kelapa sawit antara lain memberi manfaat dalam peningkatan pendapatan petani dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan usaha perkebunan  kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sukomulyo Kecamatan Sepaku Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara Oktober sampai Desember 2019. Metode pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah (Purposive Sampling).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh penerimaan  untuk usahatani yang dikembangkan dalam usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan luas lahan rata-rata yakni 3 hektar, harga TBS Rp 1.100,00 adalah sebesar Rp70.723.146,00 tahun-1, sedangkan total biaya rata-rata  adalah sebesar Rp35.352.867,00 tahun-1,  total pendapatan yang dihasilkan yakni Rp35.370.279,00,00 tahun-1. Revenue/Cost Ratio yang dihasilkan yakni 2,00 maksudnya usaha perkebunan  kelapa sawit dikategorikan  untung.Kata Kunci: Analisis, pendapatan, usaha,  perkebunan, kelapa sawit
Guest Editor's IntroductionThe Mimetic Condition: Theory and Concepts
Authors: Lawtoo Nidesh
Published: May 2022

This introductory essay articulates some of the theoretical and conceptual foundations internal to the post-literary mimetic turn. Drawing on an ERC-funded transdisciplinary project titled Homo Mimeticus, out of which this special issue on The Mimetic Condition emerged, the introduction furthers Gunther Gebauer and Christoph Wulf’s account of mimesis as a ‘human condition’ in order to propose a new theory of homo mimeticus for the post-literary age. This entails a paradigm shift from dominant translations of mimesis as realistic representation toward an embodied, immanent, and relational conception of subjectivity. This mimetic subject is neither limited by the sameness of mimetic desire nor by the difference of the linguistic sign dominant in the twentieth century but, rather, is attentive to both the pathological and patho- logical re-turns to homo mimeticus in the twenty-first century. The concepts of ‘mimetic pathos’, ‘pathos of distance’, the ‘mimetic unconscious’, and hypermimesis provide theoretical steps for rethinking the mimetic condition in the age of hypermimetic reproductions.
Apparatus of Capture: Music and the Mimetic Construction of Social Reality in the Early Modern/Colonial Period
Authors: Vélez Daniel Villegas
Published: May 2022

This paper supplements Gebauer and Wulf’s analyses of mimesis as a mechanism for the construction of social reality. After situating archaic musical mimesis in the context of Homeric performance and its critique in Plato, I demonstrate how musical mimesis functions as an assemblage of inscription of social mores and values through two case studies. The first examines how this mimetic mechanism is actualised in the 1589 Medici intermedi as an allegorical apparatus of capture that enables the sovereign to control the space and time of the performance. The second examines how this apparatus is redeployed by seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries in South America to coerce nomadic Indigenous peoples into settlements known as ‘reducciones’. The paper advances an account of the darker role of musical mimesis in the dissymmetrical construction of social reality during the baroque: as a world-making tool of sovereign power and a world-destroying mechanism of epistemic genocide in colonised territories.
Financial Contagion in an Age of COVID-19: On Biological, Human, and Algorithmic Mimesis
Authors: Borch Christian
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the financial turmoil unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. It argues that the market mayhem in which prices plummeted cannot be fully explained by real-economic factors such as uncertainty about the future global economy. Instead, I suggest analysing the events as a manifestation of financial contagion in which the mimesis of market participants becomes an independent explanatory force. In making this argument, the article returns to late nineteenth-century ideas about mimesis and social contagion as well as discussions about the collective mimesis – constitutive of a mimetic turn – that may result from social avalanches.
INVESTIGATION OF ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF CHROMIUM HEXACARBONYL (Cr(CO)6)
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Hayrapetyan Valerik S. , Mikhailova Daria S. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this work is to study the absorption spectra of adsorbed layers of chromium hexa-carbonyl. The absorption spectra of the adsorbed substance were taken on the SF-56 spectrophotome-ter, using the optical cell described in the article. The optical cell scheme allows increasing the value of the absorption coefficient. The absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 300–350 nm for air tem-peratures of 75 °C and 90 °C are given (the temperature was adjusted using the REX-C100 PID ther-mostat). The paper presents a stand for studying the absorption spectra of adsorbed layers. The results of measuring the absorption spectra of adsorbed layers of chromium hexacarbonyl Cr(CO)6 at differ-ent temperatures are presented. The graphs of the absorption spectra of hexacarbonyl chromium show the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the number of substrates, the number of substrates varies from 10 to 2.
FOCUSING OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION WITH A MESOSCALE CUBOID LENS MADE OF ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRIC
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: May 2022

The aim of this work is to study a new dimensionless cuboid lens made of artificial dielectric for the terahertz wavelength range. The research method is mathematical modeling of the process. It is es-tablished that a lens made of anisotropic artificial dielectric along the optical axis with a characteristic size of 3λ is able to focus terahertz radiation at the calculated frequency of 0.15 THz into a focal spot with a transverse size equal to the diffraction limit. The focus area is located along the optical axis of the lens. The ability to focus radiation remains in a wide range of effective refractive index, at least from 1.4 to 1.7, while the value of the focal length does not change significantly.
MAPPING THE MARINE POLLUTION: A CASE STUDY IN THE GELENDZHIK BAY
Authors:   Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Nikolaeva Olga N. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Evgrafov Aleksey V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Evgrafova Irina M. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: May 2022

The article describes a case-study in environmental mapping of the Gelendzhik Bay. The role of map representation in the study of causes and effects of marine pollution is indicated. The research object and sources of anthropogenic impact on the environment in the research area are given. Hydro-logical and hydrochemical studies carried out to obtain the initial data are briefly described, the partic-ipators and used methods are listed. The geographic and thematic content of digital environmental maps created on the basis of obtained data is characterized, fragments and legends of maps are pre-sented. The conclusions drawn from created maps on possible reasons of various types of marine pol-lution in the Gelendzhik Bay are presented. Further research prospects are outlined.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPLES FOR 3D-MODELING OF LINEAR STRUCTURES AND ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE OF TERRITORIAL ENTITY
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Avrunev Evgeny I. , Gatina Natalia V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kozina Maria V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: May 2022

The article proposes a system of principles for 3D-modeling of linear structures and engineering infrastructure of territorial entity. The implementation of these principles, according to the authors of the article, will allow solving the following scientific and technical tasks: to perform 3D-modeling in a metric that provides both cadastral and urban construction activities, to use generated 3D-model of engineering equipment to control construction and installation works when accepting a built engineer-ing structure into service, to fill the Unified State Register of Real Estate with up-to-date and reliable spatial cadastral information, which allows, among other things, to create a unified geospace of territo-rial entity necessary for the sustainable development of the territory.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SURVEYING THE FOREST FUND USING UAVS
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University, Blishchenko Alexander A. , Sannikova Anna P. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, the surveyor has at its disposal a wide range of instrument park, which allows you to achieve the engineering goals set in the survey support of mining facilities. Unmanned technologies are gaining an increasing sphere of surveying measurements, which lead to minimal participation of a specialist in field work, but require a more classified approach to off-site processing. However, it is worth noting that each mining enterprise, for example, such as a quarry, having an exclusive boundary of work, called a license area, in its contour may have a forest area, which is an object that causes cer-tain difficulties for surveying support. This article tells about the possibility of using a short-range un-manned UAVs for surveying the forest area, as well as analyzing the result obtained and determining its compliance with engineering requirements when obtaining an up-to-date topographic plan of the area. To determine the possibility of using unmanned technology in mine surveying of a forest, theo-retical and experimental research methods will be used, including a significant set of empiricals, the mathematical processing of which will help to reveal the correlation dependences of aerial photo-grammetric survey parameters for the optimal use of a geodetic quadcopter. The result of the study given in this article will be a provision on the possibility of using unmanned technologies for aerial photogrammetric survey of a forest land, correlation dependences of flight parameters and their results will be determined, the derivatives of which will be topographic plans, the comparison of which will be carried out with plans, created by the classical method.
INVESTIGATION OF DIGITAL IMAGES RESOLUTION IN VARIOUS SPECTRAL RANGES
Authors:   Geoinformation Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences (NGIC RAS), Filippov Dmitry V. , Rulev Daniil D. ,   Geoinformation Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences (NGIC RAS), Chursin Ivan N. ,   Geoinformation Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences (NGIC RAS)
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the results of the study of image resolution changes depending on the radiation wavelength. As a test object for photographing, images of radial mires were used. The shooting was carried out with two digital cameras with fundamentally different matrices, which are used on un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The photography was carried out with preset shutter speeds, which allowed us to determine the change in spectral resolution from the amount of light which is incident on the matrices. As a result of the performed study, the influence of the spectral composition of the light incident on the matrix on the image resolution of was evaluated. The resolution change in the resulting image, from the spectral composition of the light incident on the matrix during exposure, is of practical scientific interest when performing digital UAV photography in order to calculate the vegetation indi-ces of natural and man-made landscapes.
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAP OF THE TERRITORY
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Latkin Vadim A.
Published: May 2022

In the modern world, the ecological situation remains very tense. In this regard, solving the envi-ronmental problems of individual territories is an urgent task. The work is devoted to the application of the cartographic method for studying the ecological situation in the territory of the municipal district of the Altai Region. One of the most effective methods of research is the cartographic representation of the terrain in three-dimensional form, providing ease of perception, facilitating the processes of analysis, planning and design. Some environmental problems in the territory are highlighted, the state of protective forest strips is studied in detail. A 3D map of the actual state of the problem situation has been compiled, solutions have been proposed, and the planned results of project activities are visually displayed. The features of using the map are described; the possibility and necessity of interaction of various spheres and branches of activity in matters of environmental safety are noted.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GEOINFORMATION MAPPING OF FORESTRY USING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Lebzak Evgenii V. , Yankelevich Svetlana S. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the development of a methodology for geoinformation mapping of forest-ry, designed, to ensure the elimination of paper cartographic materials at the stage of field contour identification during forest management work. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological foundations of geoinformation mapping of forestry using mobile technologies. The article provides an analysis of current methods of mapping products during forest management, as well as a study of do-mestic and foreign experience in the introduction of mobile technologies in forestry. The probable fac-tors constraining the rejection of paper cartographic materials at the stage of field contour identifica-tion were found. The developed scheme for creating cartographic products during forest management using mobile technologies is presented. The main stages of the developed methodology are described, which is designed to ensure the rejection of paper materials at the stage of field contour decryption and collection of thematic information in the field, which will significantly reduce financial, labor and time costs.
METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING A MODEL OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING IN KUZBASS
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Kalenizkiy Anatolij I. , Solowitskiy Aleksandr N. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: May 2022

The experience of the development of territorial land management in Kuzbass in the Soviet period is generalized. The demand for territorial land management in Kuzbass in the new economic condi-tions of a market economy has been established. In the current conditions, it becomes necessary to develop new models for land management, aimed at ensuring the development of territories. There-fore, the purpose of the research is to develop a new methodological approach to the development of theory and a new model of territorial planning in Kuzbass. The creation of a territorial planning model in Kuzbass characterizes a new level of information interaction between related sciences (geodesy, territorial planning, subsoil use, land management and economics). The practical use of this theory is to expand the use of methods of territorial land management for the development of territories.
IMPROVING THE METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF A COMFORTABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Chernykh Elena G.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to establish a connection between new urban spatial models and the process of managing the life of the population in compliance with the sustainability conditions of the urban environment. As a result, a variant of management with the help of indicative indicators is pro-posed, which allows an increasing number of participants to manage the internal transformation of an urbanized territory. The data obtained can be used to achieve priority goals, for example, for long-term strategic planning of urban development. The results of the calculations confirm the practical signifi-cance of the proposed option for managing the urbanized environment. It is concluded that a well-designed and high-quality urban environment can be no less comfortable than an adaptive natural en-vironment. The study attempts to identify the physical properties that contribute to the perceived re-generative effect of the urban environment. The question of the influence of the narrative on the at-tractiveness and interest in the natural and urban environment is considered. An algorithm for as-sessing the degree of updating of urban design documents is given and the calculation of the urbaniza-tion quality index is performed.
CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BASIC SPATIAL DATA SETS IN THE NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Tararin Andrey M. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: May 2022

The concept of basic sets of spatial data (BNPD) is investigated and an analysis of its implementa-tion in Russian legislation is carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of regulation of the circula-tion of spatial data in Russia. Based on foreign and Russian experience, the requirements for BNPD are determined. It is noted that the BNPD in Russia is primarily the unified electronic cartographic framework (EECO) and information to be presented using coordinates. The assessment of the EECO's compliance with the basic requirements for the BNPD showed that the EECO meets the advanced in-ternational approaches of spatial data infrastructure. To improve the efficiency of spatial data circula-tion in Russia, based on the analysis carried out, recommendations were made for the implementation of BNPD in the national spatial data system, including on improving the regulation of spatial data cir-culation in certain areas of legal regulation in the Russian Federation. The need for further research is substantiated in order to develop a technology for updating the EECO in a mode close to real time us-ing information from the unified state register of real estate, state information systems for ensuring urban planning activities and other state land information systems.
Workplace Networks And Political Selection
Authors: Aggeborn Linuz , Andersson Henrik
Published: May 2022

Do social networks at workplaces function as cues into the political arena? We consider this question using the case of Sweden, which has many leisure politicians who work at the regular labor market. Restricting our networks to small cells of individuals within the same occupation and workplace, we find that an individual is more likely to become a politician in the future if that person had a colleague who was a politician. We further find that these newly enrolled individuals are placed higher up on the party lists -- which to a very large extent dictates which party nominees that are elected -- in subsequent elections. Our mechanism analysis indicates that a partisan channel may explain most of the main effect and that high-ability party officials are more prominent than low-ability officials in terms of recruiting from their workplace networks.
NIGERIA’S BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS WITH CHINA: AN ASSESSMENT, 2010 – 2019
Authors:   1Department of Political Science & International Relations University of Abuja, Abuja Nigeria., Halidu (Phd) Agaba Halidu (Phd) , Atnadu (Msc) David Fidelis ,   Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: May 2022

This work is an assessment of Nigeria-Sino bilateral trade relations. This assessment was done using secondary sources of data such as books, journals, newspapers, etc. Dependency theory was used to examine the trade relations between Nigeria and China to show how dependent Nigeria is on China. Nigeria needs China for finished goods and getting loans and China need Nigeria for certain raw materials but Nigeria has over time been dependent on China and this has increased Nigerian debt burden. The study discovered that trade imbalance in the bilateral relations persisted and, the bilateral trade relations have made Nigeria to be dependent on China. The study also discovered that trade relations benefited the two countries within this period and China benefited more due to the persistent trade imbalance. After seeing all these, the study made the following recommendations: Nigeria needs to invest massively in the manufacturing sector in order to close the massive gap in the economic strength between the two countries, and the two countries should do more to increase foreign direct investment (FDI), Nigeria should do more in exporting finished goods to China and this can be actualized through massive industrialization.
As Potencialidades da Vitivinicultura no Sul de Minas Gerais: Vinhos Finos de Dupla Poda
Authors: Trombini Cristiano Nogueira , Brisola Elisa Maria Andrade , Ávila Maria Auxiliadora
Published: May 2022

O artigo é parte da dissertação de mestrado “Potencialidades da vitivinicultura de inverno para o desenvolvimento de municípios no Sul de Minas Gerais”. Seu objetivo foi identificar as potencialidades da atividade vitivinícola para o desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios onde se localizam duas das principais vinícolas do Sul de Minas Gerais. Neste artigo de abordagem qualitativa, primeiramente, apresenta-se discussão sobre a vitivinicultura Sul de Minas Gerais com base em levantamento bibliográfico. Na segunda parte, as discussões foram construídas a partir de entrevistas realizadas com 2 produtores 3 e gestores que avaliaram o potencial da vitivinicultura na região para o desenvolvimento regional a partir da estratégia do turismo rural/enoturismo. Tanto produtores como representantes da gestão municipal apontam que não há articulações de planejamento nesse sentido. Há o reconhecimento da qualidade dos vinhos finos de dupla poda produzidos na região, porém, constata-se a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas que contribuam para a ampliação da produção, comercialização (exportação), bem como investimento na infraestrutura das cidades visando o enoturismo, dentre outras.
Significant Association of Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism rs58335419 in the MIR137 Gene With the Risk of Gastric and Colon Cancers
Authors: Jafari Pegah , Baghernia Sedighe , Moghanibashi Mehdi , Mohamadynejad Parisa
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article: The MIR137 gene acts as a tumor-suppressor gene in colon and gastric cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of functional variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism rs58335419 locating in the upstream of the MIR137 gene with the risk of colon and gastric cancers.

Materials and methods: Totally, 429 individuals were contributed in the study, including 154 colon and 120 gastric cancer patients and 155 healthy controls. The target VNTR was genotyped using PCR and electrophoresis for all samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software and by T, χ2 and logistic regression tests.

Results: Excluding the rare genotypes, our results showed that genotype 3/5 (95% CI = 1.08–3.73, OR = 2.01, p = 0.026) significantly increased the risk of colon cancer but not gastric cancer (95% CI = 0.88–3.30, OR = 1.70, p = 0.114). Also, in the stratification analysis for VNTRs and sex, genotypes 3/4 (95% CI = 1.00–6.07, OR = 2.46, p = 0.049) and 3/5 (95% CI = 1.25–7.18, OR = 2.99, p = 0.014) significantly increased the risk of colon cancer in men but not in women. In addition, all genotypes including the rare genotypes as a group, significantly increase the risk of gastric (95% CI = 1.14–3.00, OR = 1.85, p = 0.012) and colon (95% CI = 1.38–3.43, OR = 2.17, p = 0.001) cancers compared to the genotype 3/3 as a reference.

Conclusion: The results show that increasing the copy of VNTR in the MIR137 gene, increases the risk of colon and gastric cancers and can serve as a marker for susceptibility to colon and gastric cancers.
Edaravone Modulates Neuronal GPX4/ACSL4/5-LOX to Promote Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Pang Yilin , Liu Xinjie , Wang Xu , Shi Xuelian , Ma Lei , Zhang Yan , Zhou Tiangang , Zhao Chenxi , Zhang Xu , Fan Baoyou , Hao Jian , Li Wenxiang , Zhao Xiaoqing , Zhang Rong , Zhou Songlin , Kong Xiaohong , Feng Shiqing , Yao Xue
Published: May 2022

The FDA-approved drug edaravone has a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury (SCI) and many other central nervous system diseases. However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Since edaravone is a lipid peroxidation scavenger, we hypothesize that edaravone exerts its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting ferroptosis in SCI. Edaravone treatment after SCI upregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and system Xc-light chain (xCT), which are anti-ferroptosis proteins. It downregulates pro-ferroptosis proteins Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The most significant changes in edaravone treatment occur in the acute phase, two days post injury. Edaravone modulates neuronal GPX4/ACSL4/5-LOX in the spinal segment below the lesion, which is critical for maintaining locomotion. Moreover, the GPX4/ACSL4/5-LOX in motor neuron is also modulated by edaravone in the spinal cord. Therefore, secondary injury below the lesion site is reversed by edaravone via ferroptosis inhibition. The cytokine array revealed that edaravone upregulated some anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-13, and adiponectin. Edaravone reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis, indicating reduced neuroinflammation. Edaravone has a long-term effect on neuronal survival, spinal cord tissue sparing, and motor function recovery. In summary, we revealed a novel mechanism of edaravone in inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis in SCI. This mechanism may be generalizable to other neurological diseases.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Cancer: Inter-Relationships and Mechanisms
Authors: Hu Mengsi , Wang Qianhui , Liu Bing , Ma Qiqi , Zhang Tingwei , Huang Tongtong , Lv Zhimei , Wang Rong
Published: May 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as an increasingly serious public health problem globally over the decades. Accumulating evidence has shown that the incidence rate of cancer was relatively higher in CKD patients than that in general population, which, mechanistically, may be related to chronic inflammation, accumulation of carcinogenic compounds, oxidative stress, impairment of DNA repair, excessive parathyroid hormone and changes in intestinal microbiota, etc. And in patients with cancer, regardless of tumor types or anticancer treatment, it has been indicated that the morbidity and incidence rate of concomitant CKD was also increased, suggesting a complex inter-relationship between CKD and cancer and arousing increasing attention from both nephrologists and oncologists. This narrative review focused on the correlation between CKD and cancer, and underlying molecular mechanisms, which might provide an overview of novel interdisciplinary research interests and the potential challenges related to the screening and treatment of CKD and cancer. A better understanding of this field might be of help for both nephrologists and oncologists in the clinical practice.
A2A Receptor Contributes to Tumor Progression in P2X7 Null Mice
Authors: De Marchi Elena , Pegoraro Anna , Turiello Roberta , Di Virgilio Francesco , Morello Silvana , Adinolfi Elena
Published: May 2022

ATP and adenosine are key constituents of the tumor niche where they exert opposite and complementary roles. ATP can be released in response to cell damage or actively released by tumor cells and subsequently degraded into adenosine, which accumulates within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, while ATP promotes immune eradicating responses mainly via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), extracellular adenosine acts as a potent immune suppressor and facilitates neovascularization thanks to the A2A receptor (A2AR). To date, studies exploring the interplay between P2X7R and A2AR in the tumor microenvironment are as yet missing. Here, we show that, in C57/bl6 P2X7 null mice inoculated with B16-F10 melanoma cells, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly decreased, while the immune suppressant transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was almost three-fold increased. Interestingly, tumors growing in P2X7-null mice upregulated tumor-associated and splenic A2AR, suggesting that immunosuppression linked to lack of the P2X7R might depend upon A2AR overexpression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumor cells’ A2AR expression was increased, especially around necrotic areas, and that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the endothelial marker CD31 were upregulated. A2AR antagonist SCH58261 treatment reduced tumor growth similarly in the P2X7 wild type or null mice strain. However, SCH58261 reduced VEGF only in the P2X7 knock out mice, thus supporting the hypothesis of an A2AR-mediated increase in vascularization observed in the P2X7-null host. SCH58261 administration also significantly reduced intratumor TGF-β levels, thus supporting a key immune suppressive role of A2AR in our model. Altogether, these results indicate that in the absence of host P2X7R, the A2AR favors tumor growth via immune suppression and neovascularization. This study shows a novel direct correlation between P2X7R and A2AR in oncogenesis and paves the way for new combined therapies promoting anti-cancer immune responses and reducing tumor vascularization.
Modern Concepts in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflamm-Aging
Authors: Puspitasari Yustina M. , Ministrini Stefano , Schwarz Lena , Karch Caroline , Liberale Luca , Camici Giovanni G.
Published: May 2022

The improvements in healthcare services and quality of life result in a longer life expectancy and a higher number of aged individuals, who are inevitably affected by age-associated cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This challenging demographic shift calls for a greater effort to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related CV diseases to identify new therapeutic targets to cope with the ongoing aging "pandemic". Essential for protection against external pathogens and intrinsic degenerative processes, the inflammatory response becomes dysregulated with aging, leading to a persistent state of low-grade inflammation known as inflamm-aging. Of interest, inflammation has been recently recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of CV diseases, suggesting inflamm-aging as a possible driver of age-related CV afflictions and a plausible therapeutic target in this context. This review discusses the molecular pathways underlying inflamm-aging and their involvement in CV disease. Moreover, the potential of several anti-inflammatory approaches in this context is also reviewed.
Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein, SUN1, is Required for Cytoskeletal Force Generation and Focal Adhesion Maturation
Authors: Ueda Nanami , Maekawa Masashi , Matsui Tsubasa S. , Deguchi Shinji , Takata Tomoyo , Katahira Jun , Higashiyama Shigeki , Hieda Miki
Published: May 2022

The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is composed of the inner nuclear membrane-spanning SUN proteins and the outer nuclear membrane-spanning nesprin proteins. The LINC complex physically connects the nucleus and plasma membrane via the actin cytoskeleton to perform diverse functions including mechanotransduction from the extracellular environment to the nucleus. Mammalian somatic cells express two principal SUN proteins, namely SUN1 and SUN2. We have previously reported that SUN1, but not SUN2, is essential for directional cell migration; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Because the balance between adhesive force and traction force is critical for cell migration, in the present study, we focused on focal adhesions (FAs) and the actin cytoskeleton. We observed that siRNA-mediated SUN1 depletion did not affect the recruitment of integrin β1, one of the ubiquitously expressed focal adhesion molecules, to the plasma membrane. Consistently, SUN1-depleted cells normally adhered to extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. In contrast, SUN1 depletion reduced the activation of integrin β1. Strikingly, the depletion of SUN1 interfered with the incorporation of vinculin into the focal adhesions, whereas no significant differences in the expression of vinculin were observed between wild-type and SUN1-depleted cells. In addition, SUN1 depletion suppressed the recruitment of zyxin to nascent focal adhesions. These data indicate that SUN1 is involved in the maturation of focal adhesions. Moreover, disruption of the SUN1-containing LINC complex abrogates the actin cytoskeleton and generation of intracellular traction force, despite the presence of SUN2. Thus, a physical link between the nucleus and cytoskeleton through SUN1 is required for the proper organization of actin, thereby suppressing the incorporation of vinculin and zyxin into focal adhesions and the activation of integrin β1, both of which are dependent on traction force. This study provides insights into a previously unappreciated signaling pathway from the nucleus to the cytoskeleton, which is in the opposite direction to the well-known mechanotransduction pathways from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus.
In Situ Formation of Bi2MoO6-Bi2S3 Heterostructure: A Proof-Of-Concept Study for Photoelectrochemical Bioassay of l-Cysteine
Authors: Xiao Hui-Jin , Liao Xiao-Jing , Wang Hui , Ren Shu-Wei , Cao Jun-Tao , Liu Yan-Ming
Published: May 2022

A novel signal-increased photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for l-cysteine (L-Cys) was proposed based on the Bi2MoO6–Bi2S3 heterostructure formed in situ on the indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrode. To fabricate the PEC biosensor, Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method and coated on a bare ITO electrode. When L-Cys existed, Bi2S3 was formed in situ on the interface of the Bi2MoO6/ITO electrode by a chemical displacement reaction. Under the visible light irradiation, the Bi2MoO6–Bi2S3/ITO electrode exhibited evident enhancement in photocurrent response compared with the Bi2MoO6/ITO electrode, owing to the signal-increased sensing system and the excellent property of the formed Bi2MoO6–Bi2S3 heterostructure such as the widened light absorption range and efficient separation of photo-induced electron–hole pairs. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor for L-Cys detection has a linear range from 5.0 × 10−11 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 and a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−12 mol L−1. The recoveries ranging from 90.0% to 110.0% for determining L-Cys in human serum samples validated the applicability of the biosensor. This strategy not only provides a method for L-Cys detection but also broadens the application of the PEC bioanalysis based on in situ formation of photoactive materials.
PhICl2-Mediated Regioselective and Electrophilic Oxythio/Selenocyanation of o-(1-Alkynyl)benzoates: Access to Biologically Active S/SeCN-Containing Isocoumarins
Authors: Tao Shanqing , Huo Aiwen , Gao Yan , Zhang Xiangyang , Yang Jingyue , Du Yunfei
Published: May 2022

The application of PhICl2/NH4SCN and PhICl2/KSeCN reagent systems to the synthesis of the biologically active S/SeCN-containing isocoumarins via a process involving thio/selenocyanation, enabled by thio/selenocyanogen chloride generated in situ, followed with an intramolecular lactonization was realized. Gram-scale synthesis, further derivatization to access C4 thio/selenocyanated Xyridin A and anti-tumor activities of the obtained products highlight the potential use of this method.
Development of Simple and Accurate in Silico Ligand-Based Models for Predicting ABCG2 Inhibition
Authors: Huang Shuheng , Gao Yingjie , Zhang Xuelian , Lu Ji , Wei Jun , Mei Hu , Xing Juan , Pan Xianchao
Published: May 2022

The ATP binding cassette transporter ABCG2 is a physiologically important drug transporter that has a central role in determining the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) profile of therapeutics, and contributes to multidrug resistance. Thus, development of predictive in silico models for the identification of ABCG2 inhibitors is of great interest in the early stage of drug discovery. In this work, by exploiting a large public dataset, a number of ligand-based classification models were developed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with molecular interaction field- and fingerprint-based structural description methods, regarding physicochemical and fragmental properties related to ABCG2 inhibition. An in-house dataset compiled from recently experimental studies was used to rigorously validated the model performance. The key molecular properties and fragments favored to inhibitor binding were discussed in detail, which was further explored by docking simulations. A highly informative chemical property was identified as the principal determinant of ABCG2 inhibition, which was utilized to derive a simple rule that had a strong capability for differentiating inhibitors from non-inhibitors. Furthermore, the incorporation of the rule into the best PLS-DA model significantly improved the classification performance, particularly achieving a high prediction accuracy on the independent in-house set. The integrative model is simple and accurate, which could be applied to the evaluation of drug-transporter interactions in drug development. Also, the dominant molecular features derived from the models may help medicinal chemists in the molecular design of novel inhibitors to circumvent ABCG2-mediated drug resistance.
Airway Epithelial Cells Differentially Adapt Their Iron Metabolism to Infection With Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli In Vitro
Authors: Grubwieser Philipp , Hoffmann Alexander , Hilbe Richard , Seifert Markus , Sonnweber Thomas , Böck Nina , Theurl Igor , Weiss Günter , Nairz Manfred
Published: May 2022

Background

Pneumonia is often elicited by bacteria and can be associated with a severe clinical course, respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilation. In the alveolus, type-2-alveolar-epithelial-cells (AECII) contribute to innate immune functions. We hypothesized that AECII actively adapt cellular iron homeostasis to restrict this essential nutrient from invading pathogens – a defense strategy termed ‘nutritional immunity’, hitherto mainly demonstrated for myeloid cells.

Methods

We established an in-vitro infection model using the human AECII-like cell line A549. We infected cells with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), two gram-negative bacteria with different modes of infection and frequent causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia. We followed the entry and intracellular growth of these gram-negative bacteria and analyzed differential gene expression and protein levels of key inflammatory and iron metabolism molecules.

Results

Both, K. pneumoniae and E. coli are able to invade A549 cells, whereas only K. pneumoniae is capable of proliferating intracellularly. After peak bacterial burden, the number of intracellular pathogens declines, suggesting that epithelial cells initiate antimicrobial immune effector pathways to combat bacterial proliferation. The extracellular pathogen E. coli induces an iron retention phenotype in A549 cells, mainly characterized by the downregulation of the pivotal iron exporter ferroportin, the upregulation of the iron importer transferrin-receptor-1 and corresponding induction of the iron storage protein ferritin. In contrast, cells infected with the facultative intracellular bacterium K. pneumoniae exhibit an iron export phenotype indicated by ferroportin upregulation. This differential regulation of iron homeostasis and the pathogen-specific inflammatory reaction is likely mediated by oxidative stress.

Conclusion

AECII-derived A549 cells show pathogen-specific innate immune functions and adapt their iron handling in response to infection. The differential regulation of iron transporters depends on the preferential intra- or extracellular localization of the pathogen and likely aims at limiting bacterial iron availability.
Clinical Application Evaluation of Elecsys® HIV Duo Assay in Southwest China
Authors: Yang Mei , Yang Wenjuan , Shi Wu , Tao Chuanmin
Published: May 2022

Background

HIV/AIDS continues to be a serious health concern of morbidity and mortality globally, and novel HIV testing is still an important component of diagnosing HIV earlier and reducing the spread of HIV. The Elecsys® HIV Duo assay is a 4th generation assay that can detect both HIV-1 p24 antigen (Ag) and HIV-1/2 antibody (Ab) in parallel and show the subresults for the Ab and Ab units.

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical performance of the Elecsys® HIV Duo assay on the new cobas E 801 analyzer using a large number of clinical samples from a population in southwest China.

Methods

We collected testing results and information from all patients in a large general hospital. All eligible clinical specimens were first analyzed using the Elecsys® HIV Duo assay. The test results are given either as reactive or nonreactive as well as in the form of a cutoff index (COI). All initially reactive specimens were retested in duplicate with a 3rd-generation kit. Supplementary tests were divided into Ab confirmation tests and HIV-1 nucleic acid tests. GraphPad Prism and Python were used for plotting, and SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 186391 specimens were received, and 436 patients were confirmed to be positive for HIV. Among the 86 cases with contact history available, there were more males than females, and heterosexual transmission was the most common route of HIV infection. The Elecsys® HIV Duo assay displayed 99.94%, 99.93% and 99.98% specificity for inpatient, outpatient and physical examination patients, respectively. The median COI ratios of the false-positive group were significantly lower than those of the true-positive group.

Conclusions

The Elecsys® HIV Duo test (Cobase801 analyzer) differentiates the detection of HIV-1 p24 Ag and HIV-1/2 Ab with high specificity and facilitates the diagnosis of patients with early HIV infection. Therefore, the Elecsys®HIV Duo test is used for differentiation of antigen and antibody reactivity, making it suitable for routine clinical diagnosis.
Who Speaks for Water in Times of Crisis? A Case for Co-production of Engineering and Governance
Authors: Nabavi Ehsan
Published: May 2022

Studying the relationship between water expertise and the state's governance is important as it helps to explain the mechanism by which a certain group of experts rise to power, speaking for water—its challenges, and opportunities. This is particularly of concern in the times of crisis when the society does not know where to turn, and who to trust. Some aspects of this relationship have been addressed in the literature through now-familiar notions such as hydraulic bureaucracy and the hydraulic mission, in which the prevailing role of water engineers in problem framing and communicating solutions has been brought into the spotlight. However, the reciprocal nature of this relationship, particularly in difficult times when the society is fraught with fear of an uncertain future, has remained heavily under-researched. To fill this gap, this paper suggests we can productively draw on the concepts of “co-production” and “epistemic community”. Using Iran's looming water crisis, the paper provides an example of how governance and water engineering co-produce one another through an ongoing process of mutual constitution. On one hand, engineering artifacts are integral part of state-making process; while on the other hand, water engineers become the gatekeepers of knowledge-making processes. This creates a hegemonic power for water engineers, their epistemic practices, and institutions of power. This research also illustrates how this co-production reinforces the epistemic injustice in water governance by marginalizing non-engineering communities most particularly indigenous knowledge-holders. This is, of course, a great concern as it can lead to depoliticization of the water crisis, monopolization of water science, and demonization of participation in water governance.