bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto do Disclosure no Risco e no Valor das Companhias Brasileiras de Capital Aberto
Authors: Silva Valter Pereira , Muntaser João
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência do disclosure no risco e no valor de empresas brasileiras não financeiras de capital aberto no período de 2011 a 2015. O disclosure foi medido a partir de relatórios anuais nos sites das empresas; a presença de uma sessão relacionada aos fatores de risco que podem influenciá-las e a disponibilidade de informações relacionadas ao risco, criação de valor e projeções. As variáveis de risco foram medidas pelo Beta, pelo Custo Médio Ponderado de Capital (WACC) e pela volatilidade das ações. O valor das empresas foi mensurado pelo Índice Market-to-Book, pelo valor de mercado das companhias e pelo Q de Tobin. Os resultados mostram que as empresas investigadas apresentam baixo nível de divulgação de informações no período estudado. A análise de regressão com dados em painel mostrou relação positiva e significativa entre a adesão aos níveis diferenciados de Governança Corporativa (GC) da BM&FBovespa e o Custo Médio Ponderado de Capital. Entretanto, quando o nível de GC foi ponderado pela disponibilidade de uma sessão específica destinada aos fatores de risco, obteve-se uma relação negativa e significativa entre essa variável e o WACC. Adicionalmente, constatou-se uma relação negativa significativa entre a GC e o risco sistemático das ações (BETA). O disclosure e a GC não apresentaram relação estatisticamente significante com o valor. O estudo avalia a transparência no processo de comunicação entre gestores e acionistas de empresas brasileiras e mostra o papel da divulgação voluntária para os tomadores de decisão.
Características nutricionales de genotipos de quinoa del nivel del mar cultivadas en ambientes templados de Argentina
Authors: Sanahuja María Del Carmen
Published: May 2020

La composición nutricional de la quinoa proveniente de las regiones tradicionales de cultivo es bien conocida, sin embargo es necesario investigar las propiedades nutricionales de aquella cultivada en otras regiones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la composición centesimal, perfil de ácidos grasos y contenido total de saponinas de 4 genotipos de quinoa del nivel del mar (NM) cultivadas en ambientes templados de Argentina y compararlas con las de quinoa nativa del noroeste argentino (NOA), que fuera previamente estudiada. El contenido proteico fue significativamente menor (NM: 12.8 vs NOA: 16.8 g100-1g; p<0.0001), mientras que el de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados fue mayor (NM: 87.8 vs NOA: 83%; p<0.001), a expensas del ácido linoleico. Asimismo, todos los atributos nutricionales se encontraron dentro de los rangos reportados en la literatura internacional. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el genotipo y el ambiente de cultivo incidirían en las propiedades nutricionales de la quinoa, lo que debería ser tenido en cuenta para su elección y aprovechamiento desde el punto de vista nutricional. Conocer las diferencias entre quinoas de distintas regiones de Argentina contribuye con datos nacionales en las tablas de composición de alimentos.
Modelo dinámico de un reactor de ultrasonido continuo en la degradación de anaranjado de metilo
Authors: Kieffer Luis , De la Sierra Patricia , Luna Julio , Lovato María Eugenia , Claret María
Published: May 2020

Se analiza la degradación de soluciones acuosas del colorante azoico anaranjado de metilo en un reactor sonoquímico de flujo continuo. Las determinaciones de los tiempos de residencia en cada una de las cuatro unidades del reactor muestran que los mismos no difieren de los tiempos espaciales, por lo que el reactor puede considerarse un reactor continuo de mezcla completa sin volúmenes muertos ni cortocircuitos.

Mediante la simulación dinámica se desarrollan modelos de funcionamiento del reactor. Los resultados tanto en el estado transiente como en el estacionario no presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los obtenidos analíticamente.
RESÚMENES DE TESIS: MAESTRÍA EN SALUD AMBIENTAL
Authors: Collins Pablo Agustín
Published: May 2020

Evaluación del impacto de la exposición a mezclas de agroquímicos presentes en escorrentías de cultivos extensivos utilizando como biomarcadores el daño oxidativo y genotóxico en Cnesterodon decemmaculatusNéstor Abel Pautasso - nestorapautasso@gmail.comDirectora: Dra. María Fernanda SimonielloCo-Directora: Dra. María Carolina SasalLugar de realización: Laboratorio Toxicología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral y Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaFecha de defensa: 04de junio de 2018
Considerations about foxing stains in three paper collections ranging from the 16th to the 20th century
Authors: Figueira Francisca , Matos Marta , Nunes Aida , Afonso Mariana , Rocha Ana Clara , Campelo Joana , Ferreira Teresa
Published: May 2020

Three surveys on the occurrence of foxing stains were carried out on papers dating from 1560 to 1975 in three Portuguese collections. Foxed papers were found to be more intensely and intrusively stained in certain time periods of each collection. Based on historical data and on the professional paper conservation experience, the authors linked the increased occurrence of foxing stains in certain time periods to the new papermaking processes and materials, which began to be introduced in the late 18th century, and in particular to a synergistic effect between three factors: the use of deficient gelatine sizing which began to present a poorer quality and homogeneity, the presence of iron-containing impurities throughout the paper leaf and a distinct sorbency of moisture. Observing batches of morphologically similar papers by using photographic imaging with different types of light sources and incidences, the authors verified that similar papers present similar foxing stains.
PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY HURDLES AMONG EMERGING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY ABOUT RESILIENCE IN THE INDONESIAN FAMILY
Authors: Ediati Annastasia , Salma Salma , Kaloeti Dian Veronika Sakti
Published: May 2020

Family resilience is an essential skill for family members to deal with problems in their families. It is a condition in which a family able to adapt and successfully cope with stress, either now or in the future. Emerging adults are faced with a number of development tasks that focus on career development, independence, and building a family. The study aims to explore to what extent emerging adults in Indonesia interpret the problems in their families and describe their self-efficacies in dealing with these problems. The study participants comprised 1,010 emerging adults (aged 18-25 years old) who studied at various universities in Indonesia. They were approached using a snowball sampling technique. An indigenous psychology approach was used in the study and data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of data analysis showed that emerging adults in Indonesia positively interpreted the problems in their families. In addition, the majority of participants indicated of having self-efficacy towards problem-solving. We applied the sense of coherence concept to explain positive meanings and self-efficacy that have a positive impact on emerging adults in developing into resilient individuals in responding to the challenges of developmental tasks in the transition to adulthood.
Continuous, complete and comparable NT-proBNP reference ranges in healthy children
Authors: Palm Jonas , Hoffmann Georg , Klawonn Frank , Tutarel Oktay , Palm Herbert , Holdenrieder Stefan , Ewert Peter
Published: May 2020

Background

NT-proBNP is one of the most important biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk assessment of heart failure in adults. Age- and gender-independent reference intervals (RIs) have been reported. In contrast, RIs in children are strongly age-dependent, do not exist for all ages and reveal a right-skewed distribution. Accordingly, no common Z-score can be formed and a cross-age interpretive method, so far, is missing.

Methods

Within the paper on hand, new evaluation techniques are applied to already published NT-proBNP study results and additionally to newly gained data. Upper limits (ULs), lower limits (LLs) and 50th percentiles are tested for power-like behavior as a function of age using linear regression analysis. Functions for continuous RIs are derived and reference limits are calculated on a per day basis. A corresponding Zlog formula is deduced and its usefulness is stated in two clinical examples.

Results

The power-like behavior of NT-proBNP concentration from birth to 18 years is demonstrated. With age in days t and measured NT-proBNP value x in pg/mL, an age-specific Zlog value may directly be calculated using the equation:

Zlog

NT-proBNP

=

log
 
x
+
0.512
⋅
log
 
t
−
3.417

1.489
+
0.014
⋅
log
 
t

⋅
3.92

${\rm{Zlo}}{{\rm{g}}_{{\rm{NT - proBNP}}}} = {{\log \;x + 0.512 \cdot \log \;t - 3.417} \over {1.489 + 0.014 \cdot \log \;t}} \cdot 3.92$

Conclusions

Using formulas for UL and LL, continuous RIs from 0 to 18 years may be obtained. Continuity corresponds to physiological changes in the body much better than discrete RIs. With the advent of an NT-proBNP-specific Zlog value, a cross-age Z-score equivalent is providing an easy interpretation aid in everyday pediatric practice. This new approach allows to identify clinical worsening much better, sooner and more clearly than previous absolute values.
Pilot study for cystic fibrosis neonatal screening: the Cuban experience
Authors: Castells Elisa M. , Sánchez Aramis , Frómeta Amarilys , Mokdse Yanin , Ozunas Nelson , Licourt Tania , Arteaga Ana Luisa , Silva Eladio , Collazo Teresa , Rodríguez Fidel , Martín Odalys , Espinosa Maryeris , del Río Lesley , Pérez Pedro L. , Morejón Greilys , Almira Claudia , Núñez Zoe , Melchor Antonio , González Ernesto Carlos
Published: May 2020

Background

In Cuba, no screening program for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been implemented yet. The ultramicro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (UMELISA)® TIR NEONATAL has been developed for the measurement of immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) in dried blood spots on filter paper. The analytical performance of the kit was evaluated in the national network of laboratories.

Methods

Newborn dried blood samples (DBS) were evaluated in 16 laboratories. An IRT/IRT/DNA protocol was followed using a cut-off value of 50 ng/mL. The mean, median and percentiles of the distribution were calculated and a two-sample t-test with unequal variance was used for statistical analysis. Influence of perinatal factors on IRT levels was analyzed.

Results

From January to June 2018, 6470 newborns were studied, obtaining a mean IRT value of 12.09 ng/mL (ranging 0–358 ng/mL) and a median of 8.99 ng/mL. Fifty-two samples (0.78%) were above the cut-off level and 16 samples (0.24%) were elevated in the re-screening process. One of them was confirmed positive by molecular biology (phe508del/c.3120 + 1G > A), constituting the first newborn screened and diagnosed early in Cuba. Second DBS samples were collected on average at 14 days and processed in the laboratory at 16 days of birth. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) when evaluating the influence of gender, birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) on the IRT values. Lower IRT concentrations were found in samples processed after 10 days of collection.

Conclusions

The performance of UMELISA® TIR NEONATAL in the laboratories has been satisfactory; hence CF newborn screening (NBS) was extended throughout the country from January 2019.
Faecal haemoglobin distributions by sex, age, deprivation and geographical region: consequences for colorectal cancer screening strategies
Authors: Clark Gavin R.C. , Strachan Judith A. , McPherson Alisson , Digby Jayne , Mowat Craig , Steele Robert J.C. , Fraser Callum G.
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) are becoming widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and assessment of symptomatic patients. Faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) thresholds are used to guide subsequent investigation. We established the distributions of f-Hb in a large screening population by sex, age, deprivation and geography.

Methods

Single estimates of f-Hb were documented for all individuals participating in the first 18 months of the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme (SBoSP). The distributions of f-Hb were generated for all participants, all men and women, and men and women by age quintile and deprivation quintile. Distributions were also generated by geographical region for all participants, men and women, and by deprivation. Comparisons of f-Hb distributions with those found in a pilot evaluation of FIT and three other countries were performed.

Results

f-Hb was documented for 887,248 screening participants, 422,385 men and 464,863 women. f-Hb varied by sex, age, deprivation quintile and geographical region. The f-Hb distributions by sex and age differed between the SBoSP and the pilot evaluation and the three other countries.

Conclusions

f-Hb is higher in men than in women and increases with age and deprivation in both sexes. f-Hb also varies by geographical region, independently of deprivation, and by country. The f-Hb distribution estimated by pilot evaluation may not represent the population distribution. Decision limits have advantages over reference intervals. Use of partitioned f-Hb thresholds for further investigation, based on the data generated, has advantages and disadvantages, as do risk scores based on a spectrum of influencing variables.
The internal quality control in the traceability era
Authors: Braga Federica , Pasqualetti Sara , Aloisio Elena , Panteghini Mauro
Published: May 2020

To be accurate and equivalent, laboratory results should be traceable to higher-order references. Furthermore, their quality should fulfill acceptable measurement uncertainty (MU) as defined to fit the intended clinical use. With this aim, in vitro diagnostics (IVD) manufacturers should define a calibration hierarchy to assign traceable values to their system calibrators. Medical laboratories should know and verify how manufacturers have implemented the traceability of their calibrators and estimate the corresponding MU on clinical samples. Accordingly, the internal quality control (IQC) program should be redesigned to permit IVD traceability surveillance through the verification by medical laboratories that control materials, provided by the manufacturer as a part of measuring systems, are in the clinically suitable validation range (IQC component I). Separately, laboratories should also monitor the reliability of employed IVD measuring systems through the IQC component II, devoted to estimation of MU due to random effects and to obtaining MU of provided results, in order to apply prompt corrective actions if the performance is worsening when compared to appropriate analytical specifications, thus jeopardizing the clinical validity of test results.
Situativity: a family of social cognitive theories for understanding clinical reasoning and diagnostic error
Authors: Merkebu Jerusalem , Battistone Michael , McMains Kevin , McOwen Kathrine , Witkop Catherine , Konopasky Abigail , Torre Dario , Holmboe Eric , Durning Steven J.
Published: May 2020

The diagnostic error crisis suggests a shift in how we view clinical reasoning and may be vital for transforming how we view clinical encounters. Building upon the literature, we propose clinical reasoning and error are context-specific and proceed to advance a family of theories that represent a model outlining the complex interplay of physician, patient, and environmental factors driving clinical reasoning and error. These contemporary social cognitive theories (i.e. embedded cognition, ecological psychology, situated cognition, and distributed cognition) can emphasize the dynamic interactions occurring amongst participants in particular settings. The situational determinants that contribute to diagnostic error are also explored.
“La vérité est une espèce menacée”. Jérôme Minière’s Quest for Meaning in an Age of ‘End Times’ Spirituality
Authors: Mathis-Moser Ursula , Carpenter Alexander
Published: May 2020

Jérôme Minière’s song “La vérité est une espèce menacée”, first released online on January 11, 2018, strikes the listener by its profound interdependence of text, music, and interpretation. Text, music, voice, programming, instruments, editing, mixing, and clip making bear the same name, Jérôme Minière, who has rightly been acclaimed as one of today’s particularly promising multitalents. Compared to the parameters of popular music, the song is atypical in that it is not sung but recited. Its floating tonality corresponds with the fragile construction of the text while the video clip underlines the impression of fragmentation and flow perfectly in tune with the rhythm of the music and the spoken word. Altogether the song evokes an existential journey from metaphysical and societal crisis to arrival at a moment of potential becoming, an ‘end times’ spirituality, relative and ambivalent.
Vitamin D Supplementation Rescues Aberrant NF-κB Pathway Activation and Partially Ameliorates Rett Syndrome Phenotypes inMecp2Mutant Mice
Authors: Ribeiro Mayara C. , Moore Seth M. , Kishi Noriyuki , Macklis Jeffrey D. , MacDonald Jessica L.
Published: May 2020

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe, progressive X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the transcriptional regulatorMECP2. We previously identified aberrant NF-κB pathway upregulation in brains ofMecp2-null mice and demonstrated that genetically attenuating NF-κB rescues some characteristic neuronal RTT phenotypes. These results raised the intriguing question of whether NF-κB pathway inhibitors might provide a therapeutic avenue in RTT. Here, we investigate whether the known NF-κB pathway inhibitor vitamin D ameliorates neuronal phenotypes inMecp2-mutant mice. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among RTT patients, and we find thatMecp2-null mice similarly have significantly reduced 25(OH)D serum levels compared with wild-type littermates. We identify that vitamin D rescues aberrant NF-κB pathway activation and reduced neurite outgrowth ofMecp2knock-down cortical neuronsin vitro. Further, dietary supplementation with vitamin D in early symptomatic maleMecp2hemizygous null and femaleMecp2heterozygous mice ameliorates reduced neocortical dendritic morphology and soma size phenotypes and modestly improves reduced lifespan ofMecp2-nulls. These results elucidate fundamental neurobiology of RTT and provide foundation that NF-κB pathway inhibition might be a therapeutic target for RTT.
Role of Synaptic Inhibition in the Coupling of the Respiratory Rhythms that Underlie Eupnea and Sigh Behaviors
Authors: Borrus Daniel S. , Grover Cameron J. , Conradi Smith Gregory D. , Del Negro Christopher A.
Published: May 2020

The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) gives rise to two types of breathing behavior under normal physiological conditions: eupnea and sighing. Here, we examine the neural mechanisms that couple their underlying rhythms. We measured breathing in awake intact adult mice and recorded inspiratory rhythms from the preBötC in neonatal mouse brainstem slice preparations. We show previously undocumented variability in the temporal relationship between sigh breaths or bursts and their preceding eupneic breaths or inspiratory bursts. Investigating the synaptic mechanisms for this variabilityin vitro, we further show that pharmacological blockade of chloride-mediated synaptic inhibition strengthens inspiratory-to-sigh temporal coupling. These findings contrast with previous literature, which suggested glycinergic inhibition linked sigh bursts to their preceding inspiratory bursts with minimal time intervals. Furthermore, we verify that pharmacological disinhibition did not alter the duration of the prolonged interval that follows a sigh burst before resumption of the inspiratory rhythm. These results demonstrate that synaptic inhibition does not enhance coupling between sighs and preceding inspiratory events or contribute to post-sigh apneas. Instead, we conclude that excitatory synaptic mechanisms coordinate inspiratory (eupnea) and sigh rhythms.
How Do We Segment Text? Two-Stage Chunking Operation in Reading
Authors: Yang (杨金骉) Jinbiao , Cai (蔡清) Qing , Tian (田兴) Xing
Published: May 2020

Chunking in language comprehension is a process that segments continuous linguistic input into smaller chunks that are in the reader’s mental lexicon. Effective chunking during reading facilitates disambiguation and enhances efficiency for comprehension. However, the chunking mechanisms remain elusive, especially in reading, given that information arrives simultaneously yet the written systems may not have explicit cues for labeling boundaries such as Chinese. What are the mechanisms of chunking that mediates the reading of the text that contains hierarchical information? We investigated this question by manipulating the lexical status of the chunks at distinct levels in four-character Chinese strings, including the two-character local chunk and four-character global chunk. Male and female human participants were asked to make lexical decisions on these strings in a behavioral experiment, followed by a passive reading task when their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. The behavioral results showed that the lexical decision time of lexicalized two-character local chunks was influenced by the lexical status of the four-character global chunk, but not vice versa, which indicated the processing of global chunks possessed priority over the local chunks. The EEG results revealed that familiar lexical chunks were detected simultaneously at both levels and further processed in a different temporal order, the onset of lexical access for the global chunks was earlier than that of local chunks. These consistent results suggest a two-stage operation for chunking in reading, the simultaneous detection of familiar lexical chunks at multiple levels around 100 ms followed by recognition of chunks with global precedence.
LACTOBACILLUS CİNSİ BAKTERİLERİN LİYOFİLİZE EKZOPOLİSAKKARİTLERİNİN BİFİDOBAKTERİLERİN GELİŞİMİNİ DÜZENLEYİCİ ETKİSİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: UZUNDAĞ Dilek , YUKSEKDAG Zehranur , ULUDAĞ Mustafa
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, Ankara ilinin farklı bölgelerinden temin edilen serbest dolaşan köy tavuklarının gastrointestinal sisteminden Lactobacillus cinsine ait 119 bakteri izole edilmiştir. Yüksek ekzopolisakkarit (EPS) üretim kapasitesine sahip 11 izolat seçilmiştir. Seçilen izolatların biyokimyasal ve moleküler tanımlamaları gerçekleştirilmiş ve tanımlama sonuçlarına göre 6 izolatın Lactobacillus salivarius, 2 izolatın Lactobacillus agilis, 2 izolatın Lactobacillus reuteri ve 1 izolatın da Lactobacillus saerimneri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek EPS üreten 3 suşun (L. salivarius ZDM2132, BİS312 ve BİS722) EPS’leri kültür ortamından izole edilerek liyofilize edilmiştir. Bifidobacterium gallinarum ATCC 33777 suşunun, L. salivarius ZDM2132, BİS312 ve BİS722 bakterilerden elde edilen liyofilize EPS’yi (l-EPS) fermente edebilme kapasitesi ve bifidobakterilerin gelişimini düzenleyici (BGD) etkileri ticari bir prebiyotik olan inülin ile karşılaştırılmıştır. l-EPS’lerin B. gallinarum tarafından fermente edildiği ve inülinden daha iyi bir BGD etkisi gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir.
The Influence of Middle Eastern Tourists on Local Community in Cisarua Bogor in the Perspective of Identity Politics and Communitarian Citizenship
Authors: Ngenget Indiana , Indarwati Netik
Published: May 2020

This research aimed to analyze the influence of Middle Eastern tourists on local community in Cisarua Bogor in the perspective of Identity Politics and Communitarian Citizenship. This research usedqualitative with a descriptive explanatory research type. Data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews, and library research. The results of this research showed that Middle Eastern tourists positively encouraged tourism activities and economic development of local community but there was an emergence of social, political, and cultural problems such as identity crisis. Local community in Cisarua as part of Indonesia is faced with the presence of a minority group namely Arab tourists who visit this region at certain times and demand a recognition of their identity. So that the localcommunity in Cisarua is faced with multicultural life because they touch and interact with values that are different from what they have. Empirically, from a political perspective, Middle Eastern tourists have encouraged the formation of identity politics and the issue of communitarian citizenship while local values are increasingly eroded. The problem of communitarian citizenship is reflected in the phenomenon of Arabic villages through the rise of Arabic writing in business, the dominance of Arabic culture, Arabic food, and so on. The thick Middle Eastern culture in tourist areas becomes a problem when dealing with local culture and nationalism as a challenge for a sovereign nation. The novelty of this research is the influence of Middle Eastern tourists in the perspective of Political Science on identity politics and communitarian citizenship.
Follow The Money Approach in The Management of Fishing Criminals by Fisheries PPNS
Authors: Zakariya Rizki
Published: May 2020

The many cases of Illegal Fishing, threaten the wealth of fisheries and sovereignty of Indonesia. This study aims to explain the urgency of the Follow the Money approach in handling fisheries crime cases by PPNS Fisheries. Then provide concrete recommendations for the Follow the Money implementation in handling fisheries crime cases. This paper is a  normative  juridical study,  which  is  processed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate the urgency of the Follow the Money approach in handling fisheries crime cases by PPNS Fisheries due to Indonesia's large fishery wealth; the magnitude of the threat of illegal fishing in Indonesia; lack of fisheries crime cases handled by PPNS Fisheries; and the development of the modus operandi of fisheries criminals. Then, the efforts made in the Follow the Money approach are by increasing collaboration with PPATK institutions; increased cooperation with international law enforcement agencies; and the use of electronic transaction evidence as evidence at court.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Settling Indonesian Sea Border Disputes through Litigation and Non-Litigation Paths
Authors: Izzati Nur Arissa , Permata Chusnul Qotimah Nita , Santalia Miftah
Published: May 2020

Conflicts or disputes over maritime boundaries often occur, disputes that cause two or more countries are one of the authorities of their respective countries to conduct negotiations so as not to cause prolonged conflict or dispute. Border disputes between sea, island, and state are included in the affairs of the international court through the role of international law, such as the dispute between Indonesia and Vietnam in the Natuna Sea region which mutually claims sea borders both the continental shelf boundaries and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries, disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Malacca Strait, the South China Sea Dispute, and so on. The existence of unilateral claims from each country there are still problems regarding sea borders that cause relations between countries experiencing conflict. Problems that cause disputes between countries are caused because the negotiations between the two parties have not been completed, violations occur by the disputing countries, there are still unclear sea boundaries, and others. The United Nations Convention on The Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 is an international maritime law that applies in the resolution of disputes at sea, but only countries that have ratified UNCLOS can apply this international sea law. In resolving this dispute a country can do with two channels namely litigation and non-litigation, where litigation is used for the last point in this dispute through ITOLS. The purpose of writing this article is to find out how the effectiveness of sea base dispute resolution in Indonesia through litigation and non-litigation.
Relationship Between the Initial Position of Palatally Displaced Canines and Treatment Duration
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Bolat Esra , Findik Yavuz
Published: May 2020

This prospective study aimed to assess the positional features of palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDCs), their relationship with both cephalometric and dental cast measurements and treatment duration. Pretreatment panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 46 patients (23 patients with uni/bilateral PDC and 23 patients with Class I malocclusion) were collected. The mesial inclination of the permanent canine to the midline (α angle), the distance from the cusp tip of the permanent canine to the occlusal line (d distance), and the mesial position of the crown of the displaced canine (sector) were measured on the panoramic radiographs. SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, SN-GoGn°, SN-PP°, and PP-MP° angles and sagittal inclinations of the PDCs’ (C-PP°) were measured on cephalometric radiographs. Arch length discrepancies and transversal arch measurements were also performed. The Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare variables that were not normally distributed while ANOVA was used for the normally distributed data.  The arch widths were similar between the groups while crowding was significantly greater in the PDC group. A negative correlation was found between the α angle and vertical plane angle (SN-GoGn°). Treatment duration was positively correlated with α angle and d distance but there was no relationship with the sagittal angulation of the PDC to the palatal plane (C-PP°) and the treatment duration. Treatment duration can be expected to be longer with every increase in the angle of the PDC to the midline and distance from the occlusal plane.
A Bíblia como literatura no Brasil
Authors: Lima Anderson De Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo queremos atualizar e corrigir algumas das conclusões que divulgamos por meio de nossa tese doutoral em 2015. Discutiremos com novo referencial teórico o que é ler a Bíblia como literatura e ofereceremos uma lista das principais obras que propõem abordagens literárias à Bíblia e que estão presentes no mercado editorial brasileiro. Por fim, faremos uma apresentação do trabalho breve, porém arguto, do crítico literário Erich Auerbach, que fornece aos interessados por essas práticas de leitura uma série de boas sugestões para a análise contemporânea das narrativas bíblicas.
Uma hermenêutica africana: Tertuliano e a Teologia
Authors: McGeoch Graham Gerald
Published: May 2020

Este artigo propõe revisitar a teologia de Tertuliano por meio da discussão de várias correntes da teologia contemporânea. Há poucos textos de Tertuliano disponível em língua portuguesa, apesar de sua influência douradora na teologia. Frequentemente, textos de Tertuliano são lidos e interpretados à luz de outras disciplinas além da teologia. Pretende-se recuperar o valor de Tertuliano e sua teologia em discussões teológicas atuais, levando em consideração a ‘virada patrística’ na ‘ortodoxia radical’ (teologia ocidental) e a ‘síntese neopatrística’ (teologia oriental). O foco do artigo é a relação de Tertuliano com a teologia africana.
Práticas mágicas no cristianismo primitivo: o estudo da religião popular nos amuletos cristãos
Authors: Nogueira Paulo Augusto de Souza
Published: May 2020

Este artigo propõe o análise das práticas mágicas populares do cristianismo antigo a partir de questões promovidas pelo estudo de amuletos cristãos antigos provenientes do Egito, do IV ao VI séculos. Nestes amuletos encontramos a conjunção de nomes sagrados, de seres angélicos, narrativas bíblicas, conjurações, orações, imagens, etc. com a finalidade de afunilar poder divino sobre os corpos que os portavam. Estes artefatos nos trazem o mais próximo possível de práticas religiosas cristãs dos grupos subalternos do Império Romano. A partir deles é possível revisitar outras fontes antigas, como os relatos de milagres, entre outros, colocando-os em novas perspectivas.Palavras-chave: magia, amuleto, milagre, religião popular no mundo mediterrâneo, cristianismo primitivo
Presentation
Authors: Santos João Batista Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

We are very happy to present the new issue of the journal Caminhando. In the dossier organized by Prof. Dr. Paulo Augusto de Souza Nogueira is the result, in some cases, or part, in others, of research developed, within the scope of the Postgraduate Program in Religious Sciences at the Methodist University of São Paulo, by the Oracula Research Group (Umesp/FAPESP). Oracula was active at Umesp between 2005 and 2019 under the coordination of the important scholar of classical studies Paulo Nogueira, professor at PPGCdR between 1991 and January 2020, currently professor at PUC-Campinas (Brazil).
The effect of various classes of glucose-lowering medications on the blood vessel elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nedogoda S. V. , Barykina I. N. , Salasyuk A. S. , Sanina T. N. , Smirnova V. O. , Popova E. A.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To study the effect of various classes of glucose-lowering agents (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors) on the vascular stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high cardiovascular risk.

Material and methods. The open-label, prospective 24-week study included 120 patients with T2D and high cardiovascular risk. We evaluated the effect of modern glucose-lowering medications, empagliflozin at a dose of 25 mg/day (SGLT-2 inhibitor) and sitagliptin at a dose of 100 mg/day (DPP-4 inhibitor), on vascular elasticity, central hemodynamic and laboratory parameters.

Results. After 24-week therapy, the target glycated hemoglobin level reached 71% and 80% of patients in the sitagliptin and empagliflozin groups, respectively. In both groups, vascular stiffness and central hemodynamic parameters were improved. However, significant changes were recorded only in the empagliflozin (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity decreased by 14,4%, augmentation index — by 6%, central pulse pressure — by 7,8%) (p<0,05). Use of sitagliptin was associated with significant improvements in the lipid profile (total cholesterol decreased by 9,5%, triglycerides — by 21%, low density lipoproteins — by 15,1%; high density lipoproteins increased by 15,7%) (p<0,05). In the empagliflozin group, anthropometric parameters were improved (body mass index decreased by 9,1%, waist circumference — by 4,1%) (p<0,05). Patients in both groups had a significant decrease in HOMA-IR index and highly sensitive C-reactive protein: by 34% and 51,6% in the empagliflozin group and by 31,8% and 22,1% in the sitagliptin group, respectively (p<0,05).

Conclusion. The use of empagliflozin is more associated with arterial stiffness decrease in T2D patients with high cardiovascular risk compared with sitagliptin.
Difficulties in diagnosing cardiac device-related endocarditis
Authors: Shchukin Yu. V. , Tereshina O. V. , Ryabov A. E. , Irbakhtina I. S. , Aydumova O. Yu.
Published: May 2020

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Barriers to effective outpatient hypertension treatment: a view of physicians and patients
Authors: Nedogoda S. V. , Sabanov A. V. , Bychkova O. I.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To study the opinion of primary care physicians and hypertensive (HTN) outpatients with different compliance rate on factors preventing effective antihypertensive therapy (AHT).

Material and methods. Primary care physicians and HTN outpatients were questioned. Questionnaires for physicians and patients included informative and survey parts, with a list of possible factors aggravated adherence to treatment. The assessment was carried out using visual analogue scale. The patient questionnaire also included questions about AHT and the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The calculation was carried out with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results. The survey involved 298 physicians and 517 patients. Among patients, about 1% had a high compliance rate, 34% — moderate, 65% — low. In all groups, AHT did not significantly differ and was characterized by a low frequency of prescribing fixeddose combinations (27,1%). According to physicians, the most significant and equivalent are the economic aspects of treatment — 7,9±2,1 (95% CI: 7,51-8,38), the need for lifestyle change — 7,9±2,4 (95% CI: 7,37-8,38) and, to a slightly lesser extent, psychological aspects 6,8±2,2 (95% CI: 5,43-6,43). The economic aspects of treatment and need for lifestyle change were also most significant factors according to patients with high (8,8±1,8 (95% CI: 7,23-10,37) and 8,4±1,7 (95% CI: 6,93-9,87), respectively) and low (95% CI: 6,4±3,0 (5,65-7,07) and 6,2±2,8 (95% CI: 5,5-6,82) respectively) compliance rates. For patients with moderate compliance rate, the most significant and almost equivalent factors were the need for lifestyle change — 5,6±3,3 (95% CI: 4,53- 6,71), the need for regular visits — 5,6±3,1 (95% CI: 4,53-6,58) and the need for selfmanagement — 5,6±2,8 (95% CI: 4,63-6,48).

Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to forecast the compliance rate of patients with HTN, and, therefore, direct more efforts to those with a low rate, thereby increasing the effectiveness of AHT.
Outcomes in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes receiving a stent for angina
Authors: Akhtereyev R. N. , Galyavich A. S. , Baleeva L. V. , Galeeva Z. M.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To study the outcomes in hypertensive (HTN) patients receiving a stent for class III angina, depending on concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Material and methods. The study included 295 patients aged 45 to 75 years. All patients underwent coronary angiography followed by elective stenting. Clinical outcomes were evaluated after outpatient follow-up (average 44 months). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 214 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in combination with HTN; group 2 — 81 patients with CAD in combination with HTN and T2D.

Results.In the group of patients without T2D, during the follow-up period, class III angina was observed in 92 patients (43%). The decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in this subgroup was 18 and 14 mm Hg, respectively (p<0,001); 35 patients (38%) had myocardial infarction (MI). In the group of patients with T2D, class III angina was recorded in 60 patients (74,1%). The decrease in SBP and DBP in this subgroup was 19 and 12 mm Hg, respectively  (p<0,001). There were 58 cases of MI in this subgroup (96,7%).

Conclusion.After stent insertion, patients with CAD, HTN and T2D still reporting class III angina were more likely to have MI than patients without T2D. This indicates a greater contribution of T2D to MI development, despite an equal decrease of SBP in patients with/without T2D.
Type 2 diabetes: basic clinical and laboratory parameters and risk of cardiovascular death
Authors: Rymar O D , Shcherbakova L V , Shchetinina A O , Mustafina S V , Ragino Y I , Bobak M , Malyutina S K
Published: May 2020

Aim. To evaluate the basic clinical and laboratory parameters and their relationship with the 14-year risk of cardiovascular death in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Material and methods. A prospective case-control study of a sample of Novosibirsk residents with T2D was performed. An initial examination was conducted as part of the HAPIEE project in 2003-2005. The follow-up period lasted until 2017 and amounted to 13,7±0,7 years. The case group consisted of 145 people (mean age — 62,0±5,7 years) with recorded cardiovascular death. Control group — 272 people (mean age — 57,9±6,6 years) without recorded death as of December 31, 2017. Persons with a history of non-fatal myocardial infarction and/or stroke at the initial examination were excluded. Blood pressure (BP), biochemical, anthropometric and socio-demographic data were determined. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of clinical and laboratory parameters with the risk of cardiovascular death.

Results. T2D subjects with recorded cardiovascular death at the initial examination had a longer duration of the disease, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) (in  women)), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In individuals of both sexes, the risk of cardiovascular death increased 2,2 times with WC >95 cm, 2,3 times with an increased WC/HC ratio, 2,2 times with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 1,9 times with physical activity <3 hours/week, 2 times for smokers and those with a single marital status, 3,5 times for hypertensive people, 2 times with FPG ≥7,5 mmol/L and longer duration of diabetes.

Conclusion. Fourteen-year follow-up revealed that individuals with T2D have associations of cardiovascular death with both conventional risk factors such as hypertension, abdominal obesity, low level of physical activity, smoking, single marital status, and diabetes-related ones — FPG and the duration of diabetes.
Self-monitoring and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consensus of experts of the National society of evidence-based pharmacotherapy and the Russian society of the prevention of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Kutishenko N. P. , Lukina Yu. V. , Tolpygina S. N. , Ivanova L. P. , Dmitrieva N. A. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: May 2020

In the current epidemic of a new coronavirus infection, COVID-19 treatment of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), in particular, requires close attention of doctors. The main objectives of such patients’ management tactics are to ensure that patients comply with self-isolation measures that prevent infection, motivate patients to follow all medical recommendations. Special attention should be paid to comply with recommended treatment of CVD. In the case of an infectious disease, it is necessary to assess the prescribed therapy for interaction with medications already taken by the patient. However, the tactics for COVID-19 therapy, including in patients with NCDS, may change over time, since there are currently no drugs with proven effectiveness for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection.
Suicide and associated factors across life span
Authors: Franck Maria Cristina , Sgaravatti Ângela Malysz , Scolmeister Daniel , Fassina Viviane , Bettoni Clarissa Cassini , Jardim Fernanda Rafaela , Nunes Carla Cafarate , Morales Anderson Fraga , Limberger Renata Pereira
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the epidemiological and toxicological profile of all suicide victims in 2017 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods The victims were classified by gender, age, parental absence, city, suicide form, death context, and toxicological results, using the police occurrences and the reports issued by the Instituto-Geral de Perícias do RS. Multiple correspondence analysis and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel X 2 test were used to evaluate associations between the parameters studied. Results There were 1,284 suicides (11.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants) in RS in 2017, 80% of which were men and 46% were young and old. Porto Alegre had the highest number of victims and the region of the Vale do Rio Pardo, the highest rate (20.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants). The hanging was the most used medium and the depression, the most mentioned context in the occurrences. The presence of ethanol was observed in 30% of the samples analyzed, with an adult male profile associated with the presence of other psychotropic substances, whose class was most frequently detected with anxiolytics. The nitrite was the most detected poison among the samples sent for this purpose. There was an association between parental absence and young people, between suicidal intoxication method and women and among young people and the presence of illicit compounds. Conclusion Mortality due to suicide continues to increase in RS, which, historically, has the highest Brazilian index. The information obtained in this study supports new research, promoting awareness raising, guidance to health services and the elaboration of more preventive public policies.
Indução de resistência no manejo da queima das folhas do inhame
Authors: Leite Rodrigo Pereira , Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro do , Gomes Erbs Cintra de Souza , Oliveira Mônica Danielly de Mello
Published: May 2020

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do extrato de Allamanda blanchetti (Ab) e do indutor de resistência acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) no controle de Curvularia eragrostidis e na indução de mecanismos de resistência em mudas de inhame cv. São Tomé (Dioscorea alata). O isolado de C. eragrostidis foi obtido a partir de folhas de inhame com sintomas da doença. Crescimento micelial e esporulação do fungo foram avaliados por meio da adição dos tratamentos [extrato de A. blanchetti 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm, ASM (200 mg.L-1), fungicida Mancozebe (200 g.ha-1) e testemunha composta por água destilada] ao meio BDA. Em casa de vegetação, mudas com 60 dias de idade foram pulverizadas com os tratamentos em ambas as faces da folha até o ponto de escorrimento, n os intervalos de 0, 24, 48, 96 e 192 h, seguindo-se a pulverização com suspensão de esporos (1x105 conídios.mL-1). A atividade das enzimas peroxidase, fenilalanina amônia liase (FAL) e β-1,3-glucanase foram analisadas em relação ao tempo de aplicação dos tratamentos. Não houve ação fungitóxica in vitro dos tratamentos a C. eragrostidis. O extrato de Ab e o ASM reduziram a incidência e a severidade da doença, bem como promoveram o aumento na atividade das enzimas peroxidases, FAL e β-1,3-glucanase, quando aplicados antes da inoculação com o patógeno. Estes resultados indicam o potencial de A. blanchetti no controle de C. eragrostidis em plantas de inhame pela ativação de mecanismos de defesa.
Controle da fusariose (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis) em pimenta-do-reino cv. Bragantina com extratos brutos aquosos e fungicida
Authors: Gomes Filho José , Santos Elton Benedito dos Santos , Amorim Edna Peixoto da Rocha
Published: May 2020

RESUMO A fusariose ou podridão-das-raízes, principal doença na pimenteira-do-reino, causa severa limitação na produção, provocada pelo fungo (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis). O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos brutos aquosos e fungicida no controle da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino. Foi avaliado a porcentagem de inibição micelial de F. solani em placas de Petri com meio BDA suplementado com extratos brutos aquosos de folhas (EBA) de pimenta-do-reino, mandioca, mamona, coentro e melão-de-são caetaneo, nas concentrações de 5, 10, 15 e 20% (v/v). A testemunha foi placa com meio BDA sem adição de produto. Para avaliação do efeito dos extratos sobre o desenvolvimento da fusariose, mudas de pimenta-do-reino foram inoculadas com o patógeno, sendo aspergidas com 20 mL dos extratos brutos aquosos de melão-de-são caetano e mandioca nas concentrações de 10 e 15%. O fungicida carbendazem foi pincelado no caules das plantas em forma de pasta na dose (0,2 g.100 mL-1). A avaliação da incidência da doença foi realizada aos 30 dias após a inoculação. Os resultados mostraram que os extratos de melão-de-são caetano e mandioca nas concentrações de 10 e 15%, proporcionaram os maiores percentuais de inibição micelial (61,01 e 57,61% e 51,55 e 55,48%) respectivamente. O EBA de melão-de-são caetano na concentração de 15% e o fungicida foram eficientes em reduzirem a incidência da fusariose em mudas de pimenta-do-reino.