bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Carver’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Whatley Booker T. , Phills Bobby R.
Published: September 2022

The ‘Carver’ sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam) has been released by Tuskegee Institute to fill a need for a cultivar possessing high resistance to fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas, and intermediate resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. ‘Carver’ is a dual purpose cultivar, suited for both fresh and processing market (Fig. 1), and it is well adapted to Alabama growing conditions.
‘Alpenglow’, ‘Elfengren’, ‘Green Candle’, ‘Oregon Jade’, ‘Oregon Pixie’ and ‘Tyrol’ Dwarf Mugo Pines1
Authors: Roberts A. N. , Moeller F. W.
Published: September 2022

The Mugo or Swiss mountain pine is one of the most popular evergreen shrubs for modem landscaping. Mugo pines include the type species (sometimes referred to as var. mugo or var. mughus) and 3 additional geographical varieties pumilio (Haenke) Zenari, rostrata (Ant.) Gord., and rotunda (Link) Gord. (1, 8). The most desirable dwarf forms for landscape use are derived from p. mugo var. pumilio. The other 2 botanical varieties are usually of arboreal size.
Scab-Resistant Apples
Authors: Asen Sam , Dayton D. F. , Mowry J. B. , Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Hough L. F. , Bailey Catherin
Published: September 2022

Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. is one of the most economically important apple diseases, because of the annual loss of marketable fruit, tree debilitation as a result of foliage destruction, and the cost of chemicals, equipment, and labor for its control. Infection can occur at any time during the growing season in humid apple-producing areas of the world. Most scab control programs must be based on the application of 5 to 15 or more protective fungicide sprays from the beginning of bud break to harvest. Estimates of direct costs for scab control including fungicides, equipment costs, and labor range from 20 to 30¢ per bushel or some 10% of the annual cost of production. In addition, chemical control must be exacting with application of spray materials most efficacious in rainy spring weather it is oftne difficult to move equipment through the orchard.
Quick Field Assays for Photosynthetic Mutants and Water Potential of Plant Tissues1
Authors: Walbot Virginia
Published: September 2022

The two methods of assessing important plant physiological characters in the field are described. A hand held UV lamp is used to screen for photosynthetic mutants, and a simple osmotic potential gradient is used to measure tissue water potential.
Possible Use of Chromatographic Analysis of Phenols for Poinsettia Cultivar Identification1
Authors: Werner D. J. , Sink K. C.
Published: September 2022

Phenolic compounds extracted from leaf tissue of 8 poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrtma willd. ex. Klotzsch) grown in a vegetative state were analyzed using 2-dimensional paper chromatography to determine if they could be biochemically distinguished. Six of the 8 cultivars studied, closely related on the basis of presumed ancestry and previous biochemical studies, exhibited similar chromatographic patterns. The other two cultivars, each having diverse, unrelated genetic backgrounds, exhibited only minor differences in their phenolic profiles. Therefore, two-dimensional chromatographic analysis of phenols did not successfully aid in cultivar identification.
Clonal Propagation of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) through Tissue Culture1
Authors: Hosoki T. , Sagawa Y.
Published: September 2022

Clonal propagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was achieved by in vitro culture using buds from rhizomes in storage on a medium consisting of Murashige-Skoog major elements, Ringe-Nitsch minor elements and vitamins, 2% sucrose, and 1 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Numerous adventitious shoots with roots were produced by repeated subculture of individual plantlets on 1 ppm BA medium. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to a mixture of 2 peat:1 sponge rock:1 vermiculite in the greenhouse and eventually to full sun in the nursery.
Selection for Lygus Bug Resistance in Carrot1
Authors: Scott Donald R.
Published: September 2022

Plant resistance to insects of the genus Lygus Hahn has been reported in bean (4), alfalfa (1) and cotton (2). The level of resistance of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to lygus bugs (L. hesperus Knight, L. elisus van Duzee) varies within and among cultivars (3). I carried out the present study to ascertain if the resistance level could be increased by inbreeding and selection.
Influence of Genotype and CO2 on Discoloration, Phenolic Content, Peroxidase, and Phenolase Activities in Snap Beans1
Authors: Henderson J. R. , Buescher R. W. , Morelock T. E.
Published: September 2022

The role of phenolic content and phenolase activity in the postharvest discoloration of broken snap bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied by measuring their levels in broken pods which discolored in 24 hours and in broken pods in which discoloration was inhibited by CO2. Elevated CO2 atmospheres (30%) inhibited the increase in phenolics content but did not affect phenolase activity. In addition, phenolic content, peroxidase, and phenolase activities were determined in 2 genotypes which discolor slightly (‘Blue Crop’ and ‘NCX8005’) and two which discolor severely (‘Provider’ and ‘GP72-122’). Again, discoloration was associated with increased levels of phenolic substances after injury regardless of phenolase and peroxidase activities. Systems which inhibit production of phenolics in response to injury reduce the problem of discoloration.
Interspecific Grafting to Enhance Flowering in Wild Species of Cucurbita1
Authors: Nienhuis James , Rhodes A. M.
Published: September 2022

Cucurbita pepo L. was found to be the best rootstock to enhance flowering of C. palmata Wats, and C. pedatifolia Bailey scions. Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché was equal to C. pepo as a rootstock for C. okeechobeensis Bailey scions. Cucurbita mixta Pang, rootstock produced flowers with the C. palmata scion. Cucurbita maxima Duch. and C. moschata Duch. ex Poir. rootstocks gave the poorest results.
Virus and Mycoplasmalike Diseases of Blueberry
Authors: Varney Eugene H.
Published: September 2022

Although the fruit of wild Vaccinium species has long been harvested by man, a commercial fruit industry was not established until the early 1920’s with the introduction of highbush blueberry cultivars of V. australe Small and V. corymbosum L. Plants were at first apparently free of serious disease problems, but the new industry was soon threatened by stunt, which was considered a virus disease until the discovery of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLO’s) in plants. Since 1954, several virus diseases have been recognized. Researchers have had the unique opportunity to follow the development of virus and MLO diseases while a native wild plant was modified by plant breeders and brought under cultivation. Information acquired before 1970 and illustrations of symptoms may be found in earlier reviews (10, 11, 12).
The Objectives and Methods of the IR-2 Virus-Free Deciduous Fruit Tree Repository
Authors: Fridlund Paul R.
Published: September 2022

Although many scientists are familiar with the general purposes of IR-2, few are informed about the working details. Therefore another review of the objectives and methods of the IR-2 Project seems appropriate particularly because of the increasing international interest in germplasm preservation.
The Production of Ground Covers in a Sod-like Manner1
Authors: Sterrett Richard B. , Sydnor T. Davis
Published: September 2022

Euonymus (Euonymus fortunei colorata Rehd.), English ivy (Hedera helix L.), and pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis Sub. & Zucc.), were evaluated for their capability to produce a mat of ground cover plants in sod-like configuration. Euonymus and English ivy produced a satisfactory product in 12 weeks while pachysandra required 16 weeks. Of 7 media evaluated with English ivy as the test plant, pine bark mulch, peatmoss-perlite, and Metro Mix 300 were judged superior in transportability, overall quality and landscape acceptance to peatmoss-Haydite-perlite, peatmoss-Haydite, peatmoss-sand, and hardwood bark. Euonymus and English ivy sods in pine bark mulch and peatmoss-perlite media were evaluated for landscape establishment. Both species rooted into the soil and established without appreciable loss 6 months after transplanting into the field.
Freeze Injury Susceptibility of Non-juvenile Trunks in Pecan1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Payne Jerry A.
Published: September 2022

Pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] with juvenile seedling trunks were strikingly less susceptible to freeze injury than trees with non-juvenile trunks.
Consumer Acceptance of Mississippi and California Non-melting Cling Canned Peaches1
Authors: Ammerman G. R. , Hearnsberger J. P. , Tolleson J. D.
Published: September 2022

Canned non-melting cling peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) from a California commercial-pack rated higher than those grown and packed in Mississippi for flavor, texture, and appearance but 90% of consumers rated both samples in the 3 “liked” categories.
Reducing Russet on ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples with Silicon Dioxide Formulation Foliage Sprays1
Authors: Meador Daniel B.
Published: September 2022

Foliage sprays of silicon dioxide formulation (Apasil) applied at petal fall and at 7- and 14-day intervals following petal fall in 1975 and at petal fall and 7 days later in 1976 significantly reduced russet on fruit of spur-type ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.).
Oregon B442-15 and B445-66 Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus-resistant Breeding Lines1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Hampton R. O.
Published: September 2022

Pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV) is of concern to breeders and seedsmen, especially in the Pacific Northwest where most of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed used in the U.S. is produced (4). Resistance to PSbMV is the best means to remove the threat of seed stock contamination and reduce the need for costly and restrictive assay programs and quarantines.
‘Avonblue’ Blueberry1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H.
Published: September 2022

‘Avonblue’, a tetraploid low-chilling blueberry (Fig. 1), has been released to fill the need for a highbush type blueberry ripening after ‘Flordablue’ and ‘Sharpblue’.
‘Sovereign Rose’ Grape1
Authors: Denby L. G. , Wood D. F.
Published: September 2022

‘Sovereign Rose’ (Fig. 1) is a midseason, dual purpose, pink, aromatic grape, maturing at Summerland in late Sept, to early Oct.
Roles for the Horticultural Scientist in National Issues: Presidential Address1
Authors: Crosby Edwin A.
Published: September 2022

Edwin A. Crosby was born on May 18, 1924 in Greenwich, Connecticut. He grew up in the section known as Riverside on Long Island Sound, attending grammar school in that section and graduating from Greenwich High School in 1942. He received his BS degree in Horticulture with High Distinction in Pomology from the University of Connecticut in 1948; MS in Pomology in 1950 and PhD in Plant Physiology in 1954 from the University of California, Davis. He served three years in the U.S. Naval Reserve during World War II, being released from active duty with the rank of Ensign in November 1945. Dr. Crosby joined the faculty of Rutgers University as Assistant Professor in Horticulture and Assistant Research Specialist in Pomology in the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in July 1954, positions he held until joining the National Canners Association as Assistant Director of the Raw Products Research Bureau in 1956. In 1973 he was named Director of the newly-formed Agricultural and Environmental Affairs Division and appointed Vice President of the Association in January 1975.
Mexico’s West Coast Winter Vegetable Industry
Authors: Whitaker Thomas W.
Published: September 2022

Fresh vegetables from the West Coast of Mexico are a significant factor in filling the bins of markets and supermarkets of the U.S. from October to June. The most important crops involved in this operation are: tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, eggplant, green beans, squash, cantaloupes and watermelons with asparagus, sweet corn, sugar peas, and perhaps other vegetables available in lesser volume.
Tissue Culture Propagation of African Violets1
Authors: Cooke Ron C.
Published: September 2022

Over 70,000 plants of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) from over 20 cultivars have been produced by tissue culture in this laboratory. All cultures were started from a single mother stock plant of each cultivar. The ease of the method is enhanced by using premixed inorganic salts which eliminate preparation of stock solutions and the development of media for shoot production and root production that differ only in growth regulators. The plant and flowers appear true-to-type and variegations were not lost or distorted. The plants had the typical flat leafed morphology; none had the unusual upright morphology encountered in some cases by Start and Cumming (1). Only 2 plants had obvious differences in phenotype. These were albinos from ‘Mary D’ and could not survive outside artificial media.
Glycoalkaloid Content of Mature Green Fruit of Lycopersicon Species1
Authors: Courtney W. H. , Lambeth V. N.
Published: September 2022

Total glycoalkaloid (TGA) contents were determined in the mature green fruit of 7 lines representing 6 Lycopersicon species. Significant differences were found among all lines except the L. esculentum entries and among clusters within 6 lines. LA 1028 (L. chmielewskii Rick, Kesicki, Fobes & Holle) had the highest mean TGA content of 114 mg/100 g fresh weight; 31-St-34 (L. esculentum Mill.) had the lowest mean TGA content of 7 mg/100 g fresh weight.
Components of Yield and Seed Characteristics in Lentil1
Authors: Wilson V. E.
Published: September 2022

The number of seeds/plant, seeds/pod, flowers/peduncle, and peduncles/plant was greater on lentil plants (Lens culinaris Medic.) grown from small seeds than from medium and large seeds. Correlation studies show that seed yields are inversely related to seed size and plant height.
Response of Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to Tillage Methods1
Authors: Smittle D. A. , Threadgill E. D.
Published: September 2022

The disk, deep turn and rip-bed methods of land preparation resulted in soil strengths of 1000 kPa or greater at depths of 10, 28 and 18 cm, respectively. The disk and deep turn treatments produced a relatively uniform soil strength across the seed bed at all depths while the rip-bed treatment resulted in a channel of low strength soil under the row with relatively high soil strengths 15 cm to each side. Root growth generally followed the same pattern as soil strength. Shelled pea yield was greatest with the deep turn tillage method and lowest with the disk tillage method. The greater yield was due to a combination of a larger yield per plant and a slightly greater plant stand with the deep turn tillage method. Nutrient use efficiency as determined by total nutrient uptake by plants of the rip-bed and deep turn treatments was 40 and 50% greater than those from the disk treatment.
A Field Study of Color Intensity in Freezing Peas
Authors: Ells James E. , McSay Ann E.
Published: September 2022

Substandard color was encountered in experimental frozen samples of pea (Pisum sativum L.) produced in the San Luis Valley, Colorado in 1973 and 1974. Light green and blond peas were mixed with normal dark peas rendering the samples unacceptable. Peas planted in April, 1975 had satisfactory color regardless or irrigation schedule or tenderometer reading at harvest. May-planted peas generally had inferior color and this was aggravated by frequent irrigations and over maturity.
Two Centrifuge Techniques for Estimating the Carbohydrate and Pigment Status in 6 Genotypes of Corn1
Authors: Arnold Charles Y.
Published: September 2022

Two centrifuge techniques were used to estimate some characteristics of kernels of maize (Zea mays L.) with the genes Su, su, su-IL677a, ae du wx, bt2, and sh2. The first technique produced 4 recognizable layers which could be associated with stage of maturity; sugar, water soluble polysaccharides, and starch; and the production of smooth, wrinkled, and shrunken seed. The 2nd technique resulted in the extraction of pigments. Spectrographic analyses suggested that differences in visual perception at different stages of maturity or among genotypes were associated with differences in concentration rather than types of pigments present.
Microwave Drying: A Rapid Method for Determining Sweet Corn Moisture1
Authors: Becwar M. R. , Mansour N. S. , Varseveld G. W.
Published: September 2022

An accurate, rapid, and simple method of determining % moisture of cultivars of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) using a microwave oven is described. Working with corn in the moisture range of 65.5 to 72.4%, it was possible to obtain readings within ± 1% of those obtained with the standard 24-hour vacuum oven method.
Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization of Aglaonema commutatum Schott cvs. Fransher and Pseudobracteatum1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A.
Published: September 2022

Height and number of shoots of both cultivars increased, and color of leaves improved with increased nitrogen. Increased potassium fertilization slightly increased number of shoots but did not affect height or leaf color.
Factors Influencing Seed Germination of Freesia refracta Klatt cv. Royal Mix1
Authors: Gilbertson-Ferriss Terry L. , Wilkins H. F.
Published: September 2022

Seed germination of ‘Royal Mix’ freesia was most rapid and uniform at 15.5° or 18.5°C under clear polyethylene or at 13° or 21.5°C under black polyethylene. Soaking seeds in running water prior to germination or removal of the seed coat did not improve seed germination
Control of Rootsuckers on Apple Trees with Growth Regulators1
Authors: Miller Stephen S.
Published: September 2022

Naphthalenacetic acid ethyl ester (NAA ethyl ester) applied to actively growing rootsuckers on ‘Oregon Spur Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) at 0.5 and 1.0% provided effective sucker suppression 70 days after treatment. Combination sprays of NAA and N-butyl-N-ethyl-a,a,a-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin) or NAA and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) gave good control of rootsuckers. Lower rates of NAA and NAA plus Off-Shoot-T85 were equally effective when a paraffin based petroleum oil spray adjuvant (Agicide Activator) was added. NAA at 1.0% was the only treatment to provide effective rootsucker supression in the season following treatment.
Control of Sprouts on Pyracantha Trunks with Annual Applications of Naphthaleneacetic Acid1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , McCarty C. D. , Nauer E. M.
Published: September 2022

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) formulated as a sodium salt and as the ethyl ester applied in the spring of 1975 and 1976 to unpruned trunks of Pyracantha coccinea (Roem.) cv. Rosedale effectively controlled sprout growth. The 1% concentration of each formulation reduced growth 4 cm more than the 0.5% concentration. The control averaged 49 sprouts and treated plants ranged from 2 to 4 sprouts.
Tree Fruit Nursery Stock Defoliation with Harvest Aide Chemical and Surfactant Mixtures1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E , Lowell Gordon D.
Published: September 2022

Harvade (2, 3 Dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4 tetroxide) and Dupont-WK (D-WK) surfactant (principle functioning agent the dodecyl ether of polyethylene glycol) in combination stimulated significant leaf abscission on apple, pear, cherry and peach nursery stock. Species and cultivars varied considerably in sensitivity to this chemical mixture, but 1 to 3 applications at weekly intervals of 100 to 200 ppm Harvade and 0.5 to 1.0% D-WK were generally effective without significant damage. Higher rates of chemicals often caused excessive damage, particularly if applied more than twice.
A Simple-leaved Pecan1
Authors: Jones Robert W.
Published: September 2022

A simple-leaved pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] seedling was found in a Riverside seedling nursery by Larry Womack of Womack Nurseries, DeLeon, Texas. This uncommon specimen was preserved by grafting it to a normal pecan seedling rootstock sometime in the early 1960’s. Wood from the variant was grafted on orchard seedlings at the U. S. Pecan Field Station, Brownwood, Texas, in April 1973 and on 1-year-old greenhouse-grown Riverside seedlings in Feb. 1974. This paper reports observations of the growth and gross morphology of this unusual variant.
‘Summit’ Muscadine Grape1
Authors: Lane R. P.
Published: September 2022

‘Summit’ muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia, Michx.) is a new cultivar released by the University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations (Fig. 1). It is large-fruited with high soluble solids, and a relatively dry stem scar.
‘Auburn 76’ Tomato1
Authors: Greenleaf Walter H. , Turner Jack L. , Rymal Kenneth S.
Published: September 2022

‘Auburn 76’ FMN, herein referred to as ‘AU 76’, is an indeterminate true breeding fresh market tomato cultivar named in honor of America’s Bicentennial and released by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (Fig. 1). ‘AU 76’ possesses 3 dominant genes (I, Tm2a and Mi) conditioning, respectively, near-immunity to both Fusarium race 1 (F) and tobacco mosaic virus (M), and resistance to root knot nematodes (N).
Grevillea chrysodendron R. Br.: Potential Weed in South Florida1
Authors: Neel P. L. , Will Albert A.
Published: September 2022

Grevillea chrysodendron, an ornamental tree similar to Grevillea robusta Cunn., the silk oak, is native to North Queensland, Australia, and was grown and observed for 6 years at the Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ft. Lauderdale. During that time 28 trees flowered and shed over 300,000 seeds of which over 300 sprouted in an adjacent fallow field and attained heights of 1 to 2 meters within 2 years. Because of its potentially weedy nature, the planting and the seedlings have been destroyed. The Florida ecosystem is a fragile one which already contains too many escaped, exotic ornamentals.
An Apparatus for Rapid Production of Woody Stem Cuttings1
Authors: Toyama T. K. , Rasmussen W. B.
Published: September 2022

We prepare large numbers of samples of short segments of 1 and 2-year-old stems for use in laboratory tests in connection with hardiness studies with woody plants. This is a tedious and time-consuming task when done by hand, so we have developed an apparatus which performs this task efficiently. A description of this apparatus is presented here.
Ancymidol Decreases Chrysanthemum Sensitivity to SO2 Fumigation1
Authors: Johnson C. R. , Joiner J. N. , Gower D. N.
Published: September 2022

‘Shasta’ chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) showed less SO2-induced leaf necrosis than ‘Hurricane’. The growth retardant a-cyclopropyl-a-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol) at 0.16 and 0.48 mg ai/2.5 cm pot reduced SO2 damage on both cultivars. There was positive correlation between stomatal activity (water diffusion resistance) and degree of leaf necrosis from SO2.
Shoot Apex Culture of Bougainvillea glabra‘ Magnifica‘1
Authors: Chaturvedi H. C. , Sharma A. K. , Prasad R. N.
Published: September 2022

Propagation of Bougainvillea, an ornamental woody plant, has been achieved by shoot apex culture. The following procedure has proven successful.
Diffusible Inhibitor(s) of Imbibition from Senescent Soybean Pods1
Authors: Krul William R.
Published: September 2022

I noticed that seeds of soybean [glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Dunn] remained dry and brittle after a prolonged period of rain, even though the senescent pods were thoroughly wetted. This observation led me to hypothesize that pods might contain substances which block imbibition of water by seeds.
Firmness of Harvested Rin and Normal Tomatoes as Affected by Ethylene1
Authors: Gonzalez Alfredo R. , Brecht P. E.
Published: September 2022

Firmness values were determined for isogenic normal and rin tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.) that were held at 20°C in air or 10 ppm ethylene. Exogenous ethylene induced a slight increase in softening of detached rin fruits but these fruits do not soften as much as normal fruit. A two step sequence for softening is postulated.
Inheritance of Flower Bud Abortion in Cucumber1
Authors: Miller J. C. , Quisenberry J. E.
Published: September 2022

Flower bud abortion, which can influence crop maturity, has been observed in gynoecious and/or predominantly pistillate strains of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Pre-anthesis abortion was completely dominant to non-abortion. The flower bud abortive trait tentatively assigned the symbol Fba was shown to be linked with femaleness with an average map distance of 18 crossover units.
Chilling Injury of ‘Honey Dew’ Muskmelons: Symptoms and Relation to Degree of Ripeness at Harvest1
Authors: Lipton Werner J.
Published: September 2022

Chilling injury (CI) of ‘Honey Dew’ muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) induced by 2½ weeks of storage at 0 or 2.5°C is characterized by a reddish-tan discoloration of the surface. Affected areas may be diffuse or discrete. CI was less severe at 2.5° than at 0°C and was absent at 5°C. The diffuse type of discoloration disappeared during 3 days at 20°C, particularly if the melons had reached full rather than only minimum horticultural maturity at harvest. Melons of minimum maturity accounted for 44% of the samples, but for 77% of those with CI.
Ethylene Treatment and Abscission of Olive Fruits1
Authors: Blumenfeld A. , Epstein E. , Ben-Tal Y.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene gas promoted abscission of mature-green fruits of olive (olea europaea L.) but did not induce endogenous ethylene production. Ethylene readily penetrated and moved through olive fruits. Mature-black olives did not respond to ethylene.
Translocation of ΝAA in ‘Washington’ Navel Orange1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Boswell S. B. , Holmes R. C.
Published: September 2022

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applied to young ‘Washington’ navel orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] as a 1% sodium salt or ethyl ester formulation was translocated from the treatment site and inhibited growth of the untreated portion of the tree. The Na salt formulation translocated farther than the ethyl ester formulation.
Feasibility of Satisfying Total Nitrogen Requirement of Non-bearing Prune Trees with Foliar Nitrate1
Authors: Weinbaum S. A.
Published: September 2022

The feasibility of supplying the total Ν requirement of young, non-bearing ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica L.) trees with foliar-applied NO-3 was assessed based on the amount of Ν absorbed following foliar application of 15N-enriched KNO3 and the seasonal Ν requirement as estimated by the total Ν accumulated over the growing season. Based on these data, 2-year-old prune trees would require more than 140 applications of 1.2% KNO3 per year to maintain normal growth if foliar NO-3 was the only Ν source.
Summer Defoliation Effects on Peach Spring Bud Development1
Authors: Couvillon Gary A. , Lloyd Donald A.
Published: September 2022

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees defoliated from mid-July to late September of 1972 were observed in March of 1973. There was a relationship between foliation following defoliation and bloom delay the following spring. Trees defoliated on or before August 15, 1972 bloomed later than those not defoliated or trees defoliated after that date. Trees defoliated on August 29 were intermediate in bloom delay and trees defoliated later bloomed with the control. Vegetative shoot length on trees defoliated on July 18 was less than that from trees defoliated on August 1 which was less than trees defoliated on August 15. Other treatments did not differ in vegetative shoot length from the control.
‘Beckyblue’ Blueberry1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H.
Published: September 2022

‘Beckyblue’ (Fig. 1)has been released by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Fruit Crops Department. It fills the need for a rabbiteye type blueberry in North and Central Florida which will fruit consistently in years of high and low winter chilling.
‘Aliceblue’ Blueberry1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H.
Published: September 2022

‘Aliceblue’ (Fig. 1) has been released by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Fruit Crops Department. It fills the need for a rabbiteye type blueberry in North and Central Florida which will fruit consistently in years of high and low winter chilling.
‘Milam’ Peach1
Authors: Bowen H. H. , Storey J. B.
Published: September 2022

‘Milam’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) has been released for public use to provide an alternative cultivar to ‘Loring’ especially in areas where ‘Loring’ is unadapted. Fruit of ‘Milam’ (Fig. 1) mature in about the same season at that of ‘Loring’ but ‘Milam’ is productive over a greater part of Texas than ‘Loring’.
‘Marian’ Geranium1
Authors: Buck Griffith J.
Published: September 2022

The garden, or zonal geranium (Pelargonium. X hortorum Bailey) has been a popular bedding plant in American gardens many years in spite of its sensitivity to high summer night temp and humidities. This sensitivity is not unexpected in a plant whose putative ancestors are native to the subdesert of South Africa, and it remains a dominant trait in both clonal and seed-propagated cultivars. A degree of tolerance to these climatic conditions is evident in the diploid cultivars, ‘Mme. Bucher’ and Mme. Landry’, and is more fully expressed in the tetraploid cultivars ‘Pink Cloud’, ‘Greg-erson’s White’, and ‘Olympic Red’ (2). The objective of our breeding program is to develop a group of cultivars with greater heat tolerance. The first cultivar to successfully combine a compact, floriferous plant habit with satisfactory heat tolerance was ‘Galaxie’. In spite of its obvious faults of botrytis susceptibility and relatively weak flower color, ‘Galaxie’ became an important parent numbering among its progeny ‘Toreador’, ‘Hawkeye’ (1), ‘Skylark’, and the newly named ‘Pearl Bailey’
Crop Intensity Index: A Research Method of Measuring Land Use in Multiple Cropping1
Authors: Menegay M. R. , Hubbell J. N. , William R. D.
Published: September 2022

A time weighted land use index known as the crop intensity index (CII) was developed to assess and compare the actual area-time devoted to crop production with the total area-time available to a farmer or group of farmers during a specified time period, usually one year. The basic CII equation may be adopted to relate the actual area-time devoted to a single crop or group of crops such as vegetables compared to the total area-time available for all crops grown on that farmer’s land, or to assess the relative area-time of a single crop or group of crops compared to the actual area-time relationship of all crops grown on that farmer’s land.
Professional Dilution and Horticulture
Authors: Jay Gogue G.
Published: September 2022

Currently there seems to be a trend throughout this country’s academic institutions for courses and curricula to become “more relevant,” “more applicable,” or “more practical.” Hopefully this will be a cyclic phenomenon and with some luck this training episode will end and institutions will be able to pursue educational concepts again. My concern is that horticulture appears to be so involved in training that the professional quality of some of our graduates has deteriorated. My intention is not to deny that applied ideas and concepts are of major importance to horticulture, but to emphasize that basic scientific principles are equally important and in my judgment actually more practical over the duration of an individual’s professional career.
Faculty Evaluation: A Dean’s Perception
Authors: Hess Charles E.
Published: September 2022

I view faculty evaluations from two perspectives — the ideal and the pragmatic. From the ideal perspective, we recognize that an individual’s innate capabilities span the whole range from high to low and that each can be positively motivated by setting individual objectives. We use faculty evaluations to stretch each person’s individual capabilities and create an environment in which an individual can reach his or her maximum potential. It is hoped that this positive motivation will result in increased productivity that will benefit both the individual and the University. From a pragmatic perspective, faculty evaluations provide the information needed to determine eligibility for promotions and merit increases within the ranks.
Faculty Evaluation: A Professor’s Perception1
Authors: Schneider G. W.
Published: September 2022

To get the ideas of other faculty members concerning faculty evaluation, I contacted about 40 horticultural colleagues, at Kentucky and at other Land Grant Institutions. There were persons of all ranks, though most were “full” professors. I also had access to responses of our agriculture faculty to a Faculty Senate questionnaire on evaluation. Most thoughts or ideas presented here were suggested by respondents, although suggestions were not all included, particularly if the concern seemed to be related to a unique institutional situation. This topic seems important to faculty members, for response was good, and many responses showed evidence of much thought and effort. Thus, these comments are designed to reflect concerns of faculty — not from a single institution, but of horticultural faculty in general.
In Vitro Propagation of Blackberry1
Authors: Broome Olivia C. , Zimmerman Richard H.
Published: September 2022

Rapid propagation of the thornless blackberries (Rubus sp.) ‘Smoothstem’ and US 64-39-2 was achieved by culturing shoot tips in a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and indolebutyric acid (IBA). Shoots were explanted into liquid culture and then transferred to an agar medium for rapid shoot proliferation. “Minicuttings” from shoot-masses were rooted in vitro or directly in peat pellets under mist after auxin treatment.
Inheritance of Fruit Color in the Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Toyama T. K.
Published: September 2022

A series of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) crosses using yellow-fruited cultivars homozygous recessive for fruit color as tester parents segregated in simple Mendelian ratios for dark fruit and blushed yellow fruit. No evidence was found for the presence of modifier genes.
Effect of Soil Fumigation and Pruning Date on the Resumption of Growth of the Vascular Cambium of Peach Trees in a Short Life Site1
Authors: Carter George E.
Published: September 2022

Fall-pruned peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) growing in either a fumigated or nonfumigated soil initiated vascular cambium growth earlier in the spring than winter-pruned trees growing in fumigated soil. Early resumption of growth is initiated by certain cultural practices which predispose trees to the cold injury death seen in peach tree short life.
Probable Apomixis in ‘Anna’ a, Diploid Apple Cultivar1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Knight R. J. , Lyrene P. M.
Published: September 2022

Facultative apomixis is characteristic of a number of Malus spp., but generally has been restricted to triploid and tetraploid forms (3, 4). However, apospory has been described in cultivated apples (2), but this phenomenon has not been thought to commonly occur. We believe that a seedling of ‘Anna’ in an experimental planting at Gainesville is evidence of such an occurrence.
NAA Sprays Suppress Sprouting of Newly Budded Citrus Nursery Trees1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Boswell S. B.
Published: September 2022

Newly budded trees of ‘Valencia’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), alemow (C. macrophylla Wester), Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. ⨯ C. sinensis), and P. trifoliata were sprayed with 2 concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to inhibit rootstock sprouting, buds being protected with budding tape. Good control of rootstock sprouts was obtained on rough lemon and P. trifoliata but translocated NAA inhibited scion bud initiation. There was partial suppression of rootstock sprouts on Troyer citrange but no scion bud inhibition. NAA did not control rootstock sprouts on alemow.
Use of Sexual Tetraploid Seed Parents for Production of Triploid Citrus Hybrids1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Burnett R. H.
Published: September 2022

High proportions of 3x hybrids were obtained from crosses of 4x highly sexual seed parents by 2x pollen parents in Citrus. This is in contrast to the low proportions usually obtained with 4x partly apomictic cultivars as seed parents, or with 4x plants used as pollen parents. Initial survival of small germinating seeds and very young seedlings was low but later growth vigor has been high. Ten 4x and 9 aneuploid (near 3x) plants were identified.
A New Species Hybrid, Anthurium scherzerianum ⨯ Anthurium wendlingerii1
Authors: Kamemoto H. , Sheffer R. D.
Published: September 2022

Anthurium scherzerianum Schott was crossed successfully to A wendlingerii Barroso. The spathe color of the hybrid is a unique grayish-orange resulting from the combination of scarlet from A. scherzerianum and purplish-brown from A. wendlingerii. Other characteristics such as the length and coil of the spadix and the length and position of the leaf blade are intermediate between the highly contrasting characteristics of the parental species. Fertility in the hybrid was excellent, indicating a relatively close taxonomic relationship of the 2 species.
Effects of Growth Regulants on Opuntia basilarus1
Authors: White J. W. , Allen C. , Easley M. , Strock P.
Published: September 2022

A cytokinin, 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyran-yl)-9H-purine (PBA) and a gibberellin, (GA3) increased secondary shoot growth of Optunia basilarus Engelm. & Bigel. PBA alone or combined with GA3 increased lateral shoot growth as concentrations increased. The characteristics of new growth produced by each chemical were different.
Effects of Ancymidol and N,P,K on Growth and Appearance of Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Baraquiniana’1
Authors: Joiner J. N. , Poole R. T. , Johnson C. R. , Ramcharam C.
Published: September 2022

Five levels each of ancymidol (0, 0.22, 0.44, 0.66 and 0.88 mg ai/29 cm pot) and N, P, and K (in a ratio of 1.0—0.1 — 1.0 with N at 560, 1120, 1680, 2240 and 2800 kg/ha per year) were factorially combined and applied to Dieffenbachia ‘Baraquiniana’. Ancymidol concentrations reduced plant growth and ancymidol and nutrition had interacting effects on development of axillary breaks, visual plant quality and chlorophyll content of leaves. Best levels of ancymidol and N, P, and K were 0.66 mg ai/29 cm pot with N, P, K at rates of 1680, 168 and 1680 kg/ha per year, respectively.
‘Ka Hua Kula’ Guava1
Authors: Nakasone Henry Y. , Ito Philip J.
Published: September 2022

‘Ka Hua Kula’ (“golden fruit” in Hawaiian) guava (Psidium guajava L.) has been released by the Department of Horticulture to fill the need of a better cultivar for processing guava puree.
‘Kootenai’ and ‘Sandpoint’ Tomatoes1
Authors: Boe A. A. , Benson J. A. , Simpson W. R.
Published: September 2022

‘Kootenai’ and ‘Sandpoint’ tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are dwarf, ultra-early cultivars intended for use in cool and short growing season areas. ‘Kootenai’ is named for an Indian tribe of northern Idaho and ‘Sandpoint’ is named for the city of Sandpoint where it was first selected.
Bean Breeding Lines Wisconsin (RRR) 77 and Wisconsin (RRR) 831
Authors: Hagedorn D. J. , Rand R. E.
Published: September 2022

The first bush green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to the important Wisconsin bean root rot disease complex (Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani) have been developed and released by the authors. These new green bean breeding lines have been designated Wis. (RRR) 77 and Wis. (RRR) 83 and are recommended for use in breeding programs.
Plant Cold Hardiness Research1
Authors: Li P. H.
Published: September 2022

An international seminar on Plant Cold Hardiness was held at the Saint Paul campus of the University of Minnesota on November 2-4, 1977. This meeting was jointly sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under the auspices of the U.S.—Japan Cooperative Science Program as well as the College of Agriculture, University of Minnesota. Seventy scientists representing 13 states and Washington, D.C., Canada, Colombia, Iran, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway and Poland attended the meeting, which was held to review current research, to discuss research priorities, to foster collaborative projects, and to consider how recent research findings might be applied to increasing food production.

The seminar focused on the fundamental biological processes of freezing survival in plants. Six consecutive sessions dealt with freezing stress, membranes, cold acclimation, supercooling, plant survival/breeding for cold resistance, and cryopreservation/cryoprotection. The subject matter encompassed horticultural and agronomic food crops, and forest species. Specific information can be obtained from the list of participants cited
In Vitro Propagation of Papaya1
Authors: Litz R. E. , Conover R. A.
Published: September 2022

Rapid clonal propagation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) was obtained by culturing apices of mature field-grown plants on a modified Murashige and Skoog formulation. Individual plantlets were first induced on a medium with 50 μm kinetin and 10 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Plantlets were transferred after 2 months to a proliferation medium containing μm benzyladenine (BA) and 1 μm NAA, which caused a 7-fold increase in the total number of plants during each 3 week period. Rooting was induced by subculturing plantlets on media with 0.5 – 15 μm indolebutyric acid (IBA) or 1–5 μm NAA. Successful transfer of papayas to soil was accomplished.
In Vitro Propagation of Platycerium stemaria (Beauvois) Desv.1
Authors: Hennen G. R. , Sheehan T. J.
Published: September 2022

Platyceriums (staghorn ferns) are propagated commercially by 2 methods: asexually by offshoots and sexually by spores. Many of the Platycerium species (e.g. P. stemaria, P. bifuractum) reproduce asexually by offshoots from roots or rhizome quite readily and are easily increased by removal of these offshoots. However, some of the larger and more sought after species (e.g., P. wandae, P. grande, P. superbum) do not produce offshoots or do so sparingly. These species must be propagated sexually through the use of spores. This technique is generally slow and may require 2-4 years to obtain a marketable plant. Rapid propagation of these slow growing staghorn ferns through tissue culture could prove to be economically beneficial to the foliage industry.
In Vitro Propagation of Broccoli from Stem, Leaf, and Leaf Rib Explants1
Authors: Johnson Becky B. , Mitchell Earl D.
Published: September 2022

Leaf explants of broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Italica group)] produced either callus, roots, shoots, or both on Murishige and Skoog media (M&S) media with 4.0 to 6.0 mg/liter kinetin and from 8.0 to 9.0 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA). Sections of leaf rib developed callus and then multiple shoots and roots on media with 8.0 to 10.00 mg/liter kinetin and 9.0 to 10.0 mg/liter IAA. Stem explants formed very little callus, but differentiated roots and shoots with 3.0 to 20 mg/liter kinetin and 9.0 to 10.0 mg/liter IAA. Successful transplanting to soil was achieved with all explants.
Modification of Critical Freezing Temperatures in Fruit Buds by Elevated Tissue Water Content1
Authors: Hewett E. W. , Young K. , Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: September 2022

Laboratory studies on freezing fruit buds of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cvs. Elberta and Golden Queen), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Moorpark), grape (Vitis Labrusca cv. Concord) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Topred Delicious) from Prosser, Washington, USA, and Auckland, New Zealand, showed that wet fruit buds were more susceptible to low temp injury than dry buds. As buds dried, freezing damage decreased. It is suggested that where overtree sprinkling is used, care must be taken to ensure that fruit buds are dry before freezing temperatures occur.
Simple Apparatus for Diluting and Dispensing Trace Concentrations of Ethylene in Air1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E.
Published: September 2022

Prolonged physiological studies using gas mixtures containing μl/liter levels of a specific gas component (e.g. ethylene or propylene) require a flowthrough system to ensure that the plant or plant part under study is exposed to a relatively constant gas concn. This prevents tissue incorporations and/or emanations (e.g. biosynthesis of ethylene or CO2) from altering the physiological effective gas concn (1).
Leaf Pubescence in ‘Delicious’ Apple Strains1
Authors: Goonewardene Hilary F. , Dayton D. F. , Hayden R. A. , Kwolek W. F.
Published: September 2022

Significant differences in mean leaf hair density values were found between strains of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) within locations (states). There were also location differences among strains common to more than one location (state). Ranking of strains according to the amount of pubescence present appeared relatively consistent between states.
Cold Hardiness of Young Hybrid Trees of Eremocitrus glauca (Lindl.) Swing1
Authors: Yelenosky G. , Barrett H. , Young R.
Published: September 2022

Available young hybrid trees of Eremocitrus glauca with ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), Sicilian sour orange (C. aurantium L.), ‘Nagami’ kumquat (Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swing.), and Koethen sweet orange (C. sinensis) were more cold hardy than the Citrus or kumquat parent in natural and controlled freezes. Eremocitrus may be a useful source of cold hardiness for breeding cold-hardy citrus hybrids.
‘Earliglow’, a Possible Source of Resistance to Botrytis Fruit Rot in Strawberry1
Authors: Maas J. L. , Smith W. L.
Published: September 2022

Fruit of ‘Earliglow’ (Fragaria ⨯ ananassa Duch.) showed a significantly low incidence of postharvest rot caused primarily by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. in 2 years of testing. Incidence of rot was modified by environmental factors during postharvest storage, particularly by cold storage.
A Research Tool for Sorting Strawberries by Size1
Authors: Ray Frank J. , King J. A. , Merchant E. E. , Carroll J. P.
Published: September 2022

Researchers working with strawberries often find it necessary to size, grade, count, and weigh the fruit (1, 2, 3, 4). These tasks present problems when the research involves a large number of test plots. Size-yield classifications of hand-sorted fruit are not only time-consuming, but are subject to human error. A strawberry sorter for research use was developed to reduce these problems.
The Effect of a Pinching Agent on the Net Photosynthesis of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Delicious’ Apple Leaves1
Authors: Love John M. , Barden John A.
Published: September 2022

The chemical pinching agent ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2H-tetrazole acetate (PP 528) was tested for its effects on net photosynthesis (Pn) rates of leaves of 1-year-old container-grown apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Sturdeespur Delicious, Starking Delicious, Starkspur Ultrared Delicious, Starkspur Golden Delicious and Golden Delicious). Treatment with PP528 did not affect the Pn rate of leaves of either strain of ‘Golden Delicious’. Pn rates of all 3 strains of ‘Delicious’ leaves were depressed for a week after treatment with PP 528 at 30, 40, and 60 ppm, whereas 20 or 10 ppm had no significant effect. The shoot apices on both strains of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees were pinched at 60 ppm, whereas apices of the 3 strains of ‘Delicious’ were pinched at both 30 and 60 ppm.
Natural Cross Pollination and Pollinator Bees of the Tomato in Celaya, Central Mexico1
Authors: Quirós Carlos F. , Marcías Alicia
Published: September 2022

An average natural cross pollination (NCP) value of 1.20% was found in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Delaya, Mexico. NCP values at 2 m to 36 m were less than 0.17%, thus 100 m isolation distance might suffice to avoid pollen contamination. The pollinator bees found in the area were Augochlorella neglectula Cockerell, Dialictus sp, Exomalopsis mellipes Cresson, and Bombus sonorus say; the last two species were most frequently observed pollinating tomato flowers.