bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. using Acetic acid induced ulcer model
Authors: Patel Virendra Kumar , Lariya Narendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

Moringa oleifera Lam commonly known as Moringa, a native plant from Africa and Asia, and the most widely cultivated species in Northwestern India, is the sole genus in the family Moringaceae. It comprises 13 species from tropical and subtropical climates, ranging in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. It is grown for its nutritious pods, edible leaves and flowers and can be utilized as food, medicine, cosmetic oil or forage for livestock. Its height ranges from 5 to 10 m. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects in humans. MO has been recognized as containing a great number of bioactive compounds. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves, which are rich in vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate anti-ulcer activity of various extract of the plant.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Anti-ulcer activity, acetic acid induced
Development of Liquid and Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Silymarin
Authors: Mantry Shubhrajit , Majumder Debasmita
Published: September 2024

The objective of our investigation was to formulate a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of Silymarin using minimum surfactant concentration that could include its solubility, stability and also oral bioavailability. Silymarin are widely use drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus, have poor bioavailability due to their poor water solubility that limits dissolution rate. To overcome this limitation SEDDS were prepared to attempt their release property. The solubility of the drug was determined by various vehicles. Ternary phase diagram was constructed using Cinnamon (oil), Tween 20 (surfactant) and PEG 200 (co-surfactant) and water to identify the efficient Self-emulsifying region. Through pseudo ternary phase diagram investigation, four different formulations were prepared of liquid-solid SEDDS. The stability can be achieved more by developing the solid dosage form by converting the liquid SEDDS to solid SEDDS formulation. The liquid SEDDS was converted into free flowing powder by adsorption of liquid onto solid carriers by using Aerosil 200 that provides a high surface area. The in vitro release of solid SEDDS was 58.16% within 8 h. The optimized formulation (F1) showed higher dissolution release than the commercial product.  The in vitro drug release kinetics study of optimized formula was found better Regression coefficient (R2) compare with other formulation. In conclusion the study elucidated that adsorption to solid carrier technique could be useful method to prepare the solid SEDDS from liquid SEDDS, which can improve oral absorption of Silymain. 
Keywords:  Silymarin, Self emulsifying drug delivery system, Cinnamon oil, Tween 20, PEG 200.
The Drug Discovery Development for Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Saxena Nisha , Srivastava Noopur , Shukla Poonam , Tripathi Govind Kumar
Published: September 2024

Since decades Tuberculosis (TB) has been a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity with more than one-third of the world population infected with latent TB. Recent fight with an age old disease continuously smack with a dawdling approach toward its treatment. In spite of extensive researches in this field for combating the disease we are lacking behind in race with its causing agent Microbacterium Tuberculosis. Multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis creates the worldwide open threat to human welfare. Thus there is a need of swift researches for its combat. Here in this review we are giving a brief description towards various chemical agents which have been used for its therapy and new families arrived as a potential drug candidate till date.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Extensively drug resistance (XDR), Directly Observed Treatment (DOTs), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Short-course, Nanoparticles, Drug delivery
Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Glipizide
Authors: Brahma Dillip Kumar , Sharma Neeraj
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder it is caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin that, among other consequences, to increase in plasma glucose concentration associated with change hyperglycemia and disturbance of lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, also protein metabolism. Absolute lack of insulin called as Type 1 diabetes mellitus also called as juvenile diabetes. The condition caused by a lesion in the beta cells of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is a long term metabolic disorder that characterized by high blood sugar , insulin resistance ,and relative lack of insulin/ The prepared tablets were adequately hard to withstand pressure the hardness ranged from (2.91-3.67). The friability from the tablets was less which represent less loss of free particles. The weight variation and wetting were within limits. The dissolution of prepared tablets was relatively fast.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, glipizide, Fast Disintegrating Tablets.
Phytochemical Screening and Immunomodulator Activity of Mimusops elengi Linn.
Authors: Singh Nandlal , Irchhaiya Raghuveer , Gupta Rishikesh , Prajapati Ram Narayan , Dixit Vihangesh
Published: September 2024

Aim.  Phytochemical screening screening and investigation for immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mimusops elengi using different parameters like carbon clearance, albumin globulin ratio, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, total leukocyte count and estimation of immunoglobulin etc.
Material and Methods. Ethanolic extract  of the plant leaves was  prepared. Preliminary phytochemical screening has been conducted. 1g of carragenan was dissolved in 100ml. of water for injection. 1% w/v suspension of carbon black as Indian ink. 2% PVP solution is prepared in water for injection. Four sets (A,B,C and D) of the animals were taken. Each set contains five groups and each group has six animals. After that different parameters of imunomodulation were performed.
Result and Discussion. Phagocytic index was determined by measuring the concentration of Indian ink at different time intervals. The rate of Carbon clearance is a measure of Phagocytic activity, The result ( table 2 and  and fig 1) Suggested that in the case of control animals, the concentration of Indian ink obtained after 12 minuts of experimental time was decreased nearly 52% of its initial value as compared with the value recorded initially at 3 minuts. this decreased could be described of the natural course of phagocytosis to the particles by liver macrophages. on the other hand the ethanolic extract of the mimusops elengi  showed Significant immunostimulant activity as reflected by lower recovery of carbon particles as compared against that obtained by the control. the same trend was followed even after increasing the dose and the result were found to be directly influence by the increase in dose.
Conclusion. The results of this study clearly indicate that the Ethanolic extract of M. elengi linn.leaves can be used as promising immunostimulating agents. The activity may be due to the presence of phytochemicals reported through phytochemical screening.
Keywords:  Mimusops elengi, solvent extraction, carbon black as Indian ink.
Microsphere: A Review
Authors: Mahale Manisha M , Saudagar R B
Published: September 2024

Microspheres having free flowing powder characteristics, which are consisting of synthetic polymers and  proteins. These are biodegradable in nature having particle size less than 200um. Microspheres are the multiparticulate drug delivery systems which are consisting from natural and synthetic material. Microsphere improves bioavailability, stability and target the drug to specific site at predetermined rate. types of microspheres are bioadhesive, floating, radioactive, polymeric and biodegradable microspheres. Microspheres are particularly used in novel drug delivery system.
Keywords: microsphere, advantages, types, method of preprations.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate and Fluticasone Propionate from Bulk and Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation
Authors: Godge Rahul K , Satpute Soniya S , Sagar Magar M
Published: September 2024

A method was developed and validated for analysis of Formoterol Fumarate and Fluticasone Propionate in dry powder inhaler formulations. Separation was achieved on a HiQ Sil C18HS, 250×4.6 mm, 5 µm column using a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: 0.01 M Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate solution (80:20 %v/v) at a flow rate of 1ml/min PDA detection at 215.0 nm. This method is validated according to ICH guidelines, which include linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness. The result obtained were within the acceptance criteria as per ICH guidelines.
Keywords: formoterol fumarate dihydrate, fluticasone propionate, buffer, HPLC.
A Review on Microsponge as Emerging Drug Delivery System
Authors: Darekar Avinash , Pawar Pooja , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: September 2024

A microsponge delivery system will entrap a wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients and then release them onto the skin over a time and additionally in response to different stimuli including rubbing, moisture, pH, friction, or ambient skin temperature. It can also be used for controlled oral delivery of drugs using water-soluble, water-insoluble and bio-erodible polymers. The primary aim of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic quantity of drug to the suitable site in the body, to punctually achieve and retain the desired drug concentration. The elemental application of the microsponge technology arises as of the difficulty experienced with predictable formulations in release active ingredients over an extended period of time. Microsponges also enhanced bioavailability of active ingredient and increase the solubility of the poorly water-soluble drug. Microsponge is providing some advantages like controlled release and extended release of active agents by using different polymers. They become a reduced irritation and improved thermal, physical, and chemical stability of the product. The present review describes microsponge technology including its method of preparation, characterization, programmable parameters and release mechanism of microsponge drug delivery system. Microsponges can be designed to programmable release of drug by using different triggers like solubility triggered systems, pressure triggered systems, temperature triggered systems and pH triggered systems.
Keywords: Microsponge delivery system (MDS), programmable release, controlled release, porous microspheres, improves bioavailability.
To study the comparative dissolution profiles of sustained release tablets of metformin hydrochloride by using various hydrophilic polymers
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Dev Dhruv , Prasad D.N. , Hans Mansi , Sahore Ruchika
Published: September 2024

In this research study an attempt was made to formulate sustained release matrix tablets of Metformin Hydrochloride as it possesses relatively shorter plasma half-life, low bioavailability. The sustained release formulations of the drug were capable of maintaining the plasma level for 8-12 hours. The overall objective of this research was to formulate the tablet by using various hydrophilic polymers i.e. Xanthan gum, Guar gum, Aloe barbadensis and Methocel K4M. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. In Vitro studies were performed by USP XX apparatus I, basket and the data was analyzed using zero order, first order, and Korsmeyer and Higuchi models. Nine formulations were made, out of which F-9 formulation which was composed of Aloe Barbadensis in the ratio of 1:2, with combination of other polymers (xanthan gum, guar gum and methocel K4 M) showed maximum drug release within 12 hours with sustained release profile because Aloe barbadensis showed maximum swelling followed by entanglement of polymers chains, thus gave maximum gel strength which provides main retarding factor for the drug release. The use of three polymers (xanthan gum, guar gum and methocel K4M) alone in the different formulations i.e. from F-1 to F-6 was not able to sustain the drug release because of their rapid solubilization in acidic pH leads to pores in the matrix, finally causes surface erosion and initial disaggregation of the matrix tablet prior to gel layer formation around tablet core causes rapid release of the drug within 1 hour as compared to F-9 formulation.
Keywords: Sustained drug delivery system, Aloe Vera, Methocel K4M, Xanthan gum, Guar gum and Metformin HCl.
Rationalized Approach for Formulation and Optimization of Ebastine Microemulsion Using Design Expert for Solubility Enhancement
Authors: Mehetre Jaswandi , Vimal Kumar , Mehta Tejal , Gohel Mukesh , Surti Naazneen
Published: September 2024

Ebastine is available as an oral antihistamine formula for allergic disorders such as tablets and syrup. Oral ebastine causes unfavorable effects on heart like QT prolongation, severe gastric distress, decreased tear production, resulting in dryness of the ocular surface, which exacerbates ocular discomfort and increasing susceptibility of eye to irritation. To avoid systemic side effects and ocular discomfort, topical ocular therapy could prove to be superior to systemic therapy in treating ocular allergies. Hence, topical formulation was developed to achieve onsite exposure of ebastine for ocular allergies. Moreover, conjunctiva is more accessible to hydrophilic molecules than lipophilic molecules. This creates challenge for a lipophilic molecule such as ebastine for topical ocular development. Successful dissolution of ebastine in o/w microemulsion allows its use in more convenient soluble form. Initially, solubility of drug in various oils, surfactant and cosurfactant was determined, followed by pseudo-ternary phase diagram to find microemulsion area. The D-optimal mixture design was employed for optimization of formulation. The optimized microemulsion formulation was characterized for its transparency, drug content, droplet size, zeta potential, viscosity, isotonicity, osmolarity and surface tension etc. The optimum physicochemical properties were observed to be eye-fitting. Carboxy methyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate were used as gelling agents at different concentrations to increase residential time at the site of action. In vitro drug release study revealed that ebastine release from microemulsion gel in a sustained manner up to 24 hrs. for the purpose of providing prolonged therapy for ocular allergy. Hence, prepared microemulsion had great potential as an alternative to customary oral formulations of poorly soluble drug.
Keywords:  Ebastine, Microemulsion, D-optimal mixture design, Solubility
Phytosomes: A Novel Drug Delivery for Herbal Extracts
Authors: Bhise Jayashri J. , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Jagtap Sneha R. , Gholve Sachin B. , Wale Richa R.
Published: September 2024

The term “phyto” means plant while “some” means cell-like. Phytosome is novel emerging technique applied to phyto-pharmaceutical which contains phytoconstituents to herbal extract surrounds and bound by lipids. Phytosome shows better absorption, hence produces better bioavailability than the conventional herbal extracts. Because of their improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. Phytosomes are herbal formulation which has enhanced the therapeutic effects of the plant extracts and herbal lead molecule by increasing bioavailability in the target site compared to conventional herbal extracts. This is improved forms of herbal formulation which contain the bioactive phytoconstituents of herb essence enclosed and bound by a lipid. Phytosomes demonstrated improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response than customary botanical extracts. 
Keywords: Phytosomes; Bioavailability, Phospolipids, phytoconstituents.
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arrhythmic Activities of 1-(Alkanoylphenoxy/ Thiophenoxy)-3-(N4-Phenylpiperazinyl) Propane
Authors: Parashar Keshav , Starling Sushil Kumar
Published: September 2024

Synthesis and pharmacological screening of 1-(o-, m-,p-alkanoyl-, p-benzoyl-, p-cinnamoyl-, p-α-hydroxypropyl- p- α -acetoxypropyl-, p- α-oximainopropyl-, p- α -ureidiminopropyl-phenoxy/ p-propionylthiophenoxy)-3-N4-(phenylpiperazinyl)propanes, 1-(p-propionylphenoxy)-3-substituted aminopropane, 1-(p-propionylphenoxy)-3-N4-(phenylpiperazinyl) ethane and butanes and B-(p-propionylphenoxy)-N1-(N4-phenylpiperazinyl) propionamide are reported. Some of the compounds possess Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arrhythmic activity.
Keyword: pharmacological screening, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-arrhythmic activity, anti-depressant activity, IR spectra, etc.
Preparation and Characterization of Itraconazole Microsponges using Eudragit RSPO and Study the Effect of Stirring on the Formation of Microsponges
Authors: Monika , , Dua Jagdeep Singh , Prasad D.N. , Hans Mansi , Kumari Satish
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the present study was to prepare and evaluate Itraconazole loaded microsponges using Eudragit for the controlled release of the drug and study the effect of stirring rate on the formation of microsponges. Microsponges containing Itraconazole were prepared by using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method at different stirring rate i.e. 500, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1500rpm.  Particle size of prepared microsponge was observed in the range of 78.43 to 23.18 µm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the porous, spherical nature of the microsponges. The production yield, entrapment efficiency, and drug content were found to be 80.88%, 84.53% and 82.89%. The formulation with higher drug to polymer ratio 1:10 (i.e. F5) was chosen to investigate the effect of stirring rate on the morphology of microsponges. As the speed was increased, the particle size of microsponges was reduced and uniform spherical microsponges were formed. As drug polymer ratio increased, Production yield, drug content and entrapment efficiency was found to be increased while drug: polymer ratio has reverse effect on particle size, as drug: polymer ratio increase, particle size decreases. The cumulative percentage drug release upto 8hrs for F5 was 89.54% and the mechanism of drug release from the formulations during the dissolution was determined using the zero order, first order, higuchi equation and Peppas equation. All formulations were best fitted to Zero order and peppas plot. The best formulation F5 follows Zero order release.
Keywords: Microsponges, Itraconazole, stirring rate, Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method
Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities
Authors: Nair Syam S.
Published: September 2024

Although transdermal route of drug delivery displays numerous benefits over conventional strategies, this pathway is yet to presents its complete potential. The chief ground for this statement is ascribed to the presence of extremely packed outermost layer of skin called stratum corneum. This compactly packed barrier is selectively permeable and furnishes smaller and lipophilic molecules to diffuse into the deeper skin layers. Due to this only a few transdermal product is commercially available. So in order to guarantee the effective transport of drug molecules, it is necessary to break the stratum corneum layer. There are two acceptable methods to break the stratum corneum architecture- active strategy which comprises the application of external energy such as in electroporation, sonophoresis, iontophoresis etc. and passive strategy which involve the application of permeation enhancers, nanoparticles etc. This article comprehensively detail the active and passive methods employed in transdermal drug delivery systems to disrupt the stratum corneum bilayers.
Keywords: transdermal drug delivery, lipophilic molecules, permeation enhancers
Formulation and Evalution of Levamisole Niosomes by using Sonication method
Authors: Sahore Ruchika , Dua Jagdeep Singh , Prasad D.N. , Sharma Diksha , Hans Mansi
Published: September 2024

Niosomes or non- ionic surfactants vesicles are one of the many different carriers for transporting a drug molecule to its site of action. Niosomes are vesicular system similar to liposomes that can be used for amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, non- immunogenic and exhibit flexibility. Niosomes has been widely used for controlled release drug delivery system. Niosomes can entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs.  Niosomes are chemically stable drug delivery systems. Niosomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, non- immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in structure. Niosomes have been widely used for controlled drug delivery system. They have been prepared with different ratios of surfactants and cholesterol and their properties have been determined by scanning electron microscopy. There are five batches of Levamisole niosomal preparations were prepared by changing the surfactant concentration but keeping the cholesterol concentration constant. The surfactant used Span40 and the five batches of niosomal preparations in the ratios of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, 1:4:1 and 1:5:1 (Surfactant: cholesterol: drug). Furthermore, the release profiles, entrapment efficiency, size distribution and stability of these niosomes under various temperatures were studied. Niosomes were prepared using Span40 by using sonication method. The test changes in the characteristics of the liposomes.
Keywords- Niosomes, Compositions, Preparation methods, Factors affecting, characterizations, in- vitro methods, Applications.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Ointment for Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Bhawar Sanjay B. , Dighe Santosh B. , Tambe Rutuja B.
Published: September 2024

Herbal therapy and herbal drugs predominates in traditional medicine as well as in alternative medicine practiced in the developed world. Among the various indications where traditional herbal medicines are used, skin related disorders is ranked top. Thus, the main objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal ointment for wound healing and antimicrobial activity. Ointments were formulated using hydroalcoholic extracts (soxhlet extraction) of Piper nigrum and Curcuma longa were evaluated for its physicochemical property, wound healing and antimicrobial activity. Ointments were prepared using different concentrations of the extracts such as 2%, 4% w/w by fusion method using emulsifying ointment as base. Formulations were tested for its physicochemical properties like pH, spreadability, extrudability and viscosity and gave satisfactory results. The prepared formulations were also stable at various temperature. Further, extract were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus vulgaris by paper disc diffusion method. All the extract showed predominant activity against selected species. Formulations were also evaluated for wound healing activity. Hence an attempt was made to formulate a polyherbal ointment, and to evaluate for its physical parameter, the formulated ointment was compared with the standard ointment (povidone iodine). Overall result of this study reveals that this is an effective polyherbal ointment.
Keywords: Piper nigrum, Curcuma longa, Wound healing activity, Antimicrobial activity.
Putative Role of Ethanolic Extract of Vernonia cinerea in the Amelioration of Chemotherapy Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice
Authors: Chandra Srikanta , Das Avik , Samanta Jyotirmay , Ray Tathagata , Mukherjee Lucky
Published: September 2024

Cancer chemotherapy is associated with a plethora of morbidities among which neuropathic pain is another one. The pathology underpinning chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain can be multifarious, however, dearth of effective medication largely plagues the quality of life of such patients. A good rationale can be found behind narrowing down on herbal alternatives namely methanolic extracts of Vernonia cinerea for which anti-cancer potential has already been reported. Hence we have carried out a pilot study for evaluating the protective potential of the methanolic extract of the plant against paclitaxel induced neuropathic pain in mice. Our evaluation has been based on standard paradigms focusing on neuromotor, oxidative and histopathological assessments and TNF α Assessment. We have found significant improvisation in groups treated with both pregabalin and extract, the amelioration being largely graded in nature. Hence our research has opened up the doors of a newer horizon of herbal alternatives available for chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain, however further look out into the domain is avidly awaited for.
Keywords: NP: Neuropathic Pain, CC: Cancer Chemotherapy, HA: Herbal Alternatives
A Review on Topical Gels as Drug Delivery System
Authors: Patil P.B. , Datir S.K. , Saudagar R.B.
Published: September 2024

The clinical evidence indicates that topical gel is a safe and most effective treatment option for use in the management of skin related disease and used for local action to reduce the side effects associated with other conventional dosage form. Topical drug delivery systems include a large variety of pharmaceutical dosage form like semisolids, liquid preparation, sprays and solid powders. Most widely used semisolid preparation for topical drug delivery includes gels, creams and ointments. A gel is a cross-linked polymer network swollen in a liquid medium. Its properties depend strongly on the interaction between solid state polymer and the liquid component. Gels exhibit no steady-state flow. The interaction between polymer and the liquid dispersion medium form an interlacing three dimensional network of particles of dispersed phase. The increased viscosity caused by interlacing and consequential internal friction is responsible for the semisolid state. Topical gel formulation provides a suitable delivery system for drugs because they are less greasy and can be easily removed from the skin. Gel formulation provides better application property and stability in comparison to cream and ointments.
Keywords: Topical, drug delivery, gels, review, skin. Percutaneous penetration, drug delivery, organogels, Hydrogel.
Retropharmacology of Gliptins: A Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Chandra Srikanta , Das Avik , Samanta Jyotirmay , Ray Tathagata , Mukherjee Lucky , Mukherjee Bijayan
Published: September 2024

As we know inflammatory bowel disease is an emergent plight in developed & developing countries. IBD is an idiopathic ulceroinflammatory condition of the bowel which may or may not have transmural stretch. IBD has two clinic pathological condition Ulcerative colitis & Crohns’s disease. In United State of America there are 1.4 million of people suffering from Ulcerative colitis. IBD has a plethora of comorbid disorders .Gastrointestinal disorder arising from cholelithiasis, cutaneous disease arising from psoriasis & metabolic disorders arising from diabetes mellitus. DPP4 which is instrumental in aggravating diabetes mellitus gets hiked in IBD too , which may have serious implications in the worsening of the latter in diabetes . Hence, in our research we probed for the anticolitic potential of a standard inhibitor of DPP4, Linagliptin to ensure the enzymes suitability as a probable target for IBD.
Keywords: IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, UC: Ulcerative colitis, CD: Crohn’s disease
A Review on Analytical method Development and Validation
Authors: Bhagat Roshan , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: September 2024

Analytical method development, validation, and transfer are essential elements of any pharmaceutical development program. Effective method development confirms that laboratory resources are optimized, while methods meet the purposes required at each stage of drug development. High performance liquid chromatography is most accurate methods extensively used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug product. Analytical method development and validation play vital role in the drug discovery, Drug development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It includes detection of the purity and toxicity of a drug substance. A number of chromatographic parameters have been evaluated in order to optimize the methods in the analysis of method development in HPLC. Ansuitable mobile phase, column, column temperature, wavelength, and gradient are developed.
Keywords: Analytical method validation, ICH, HPLC, Method Validation, Regulatory Requirements.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Taste Masked Oral Disintegrating Films of Atenolol by Using Natural Polymers
Authors: Shukla Kavita Varma , Rai Ankita , Pathak Rekha
Published: September 2024

Fast dissolving/disintegrating films/tablets have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical area. Particularly the fast dissolving drug delivery systems formulated with natural polymers have more demand because natural materials like gums and mucilages have been extensively used in the field of drug delivery for their easy availability, ease administration, non toxicity, non irritant nature etc. Atenolol is β1-selective adrenergic blocking agent and widely used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. It has a bioavailability of 40-50%. The main objective of the study was to formulate taste masked oral fast disintegrating films of Atenolol to achieve a better dissolution rate by improving the bioavailability of the drug and providing quick onset of action thereby enhancing patient compliance. Oral FDF prepared by solvent casting method using water and 95% ethanol as solvents and HPMC as film forming polymer. PEG 400 was the selected plasticizers, Natural and synthetic superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and fenugreek mucilage alone and also in combinations was incorporated to achieve quick onset of action, is to increase the water uptake with in shortest wetting time and there by decrease the disintegration time. The prepared films were evaluated for the drug content, weight variation, film thickness, disintegration time, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content and in vitro dissolution studies and taste mask studies on healthy human volunteers. Among all, the formulation F5 was found to be best formulation which releases 98.89% of the drug within 15 min and disintegration time is 59 sec. which was significantly high when compared to other formulation. When the regression coefficient values compared, it was observed that ‘r’ values of formulation F5 was maximum i.e 0.890 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow zero order drug release kinetics.
Acute Toxicity Studies and In-vitro Antioxidant Potential of Solanum indicum
Authors: Saxena Gaurav , Mittal Abhilasha , Siddiqui Abdul Wadood
Published: September 2024

Solanum indicum (Solanaceae) is traditionally used treatment of cough, asthma, sexual disorders and diarrhoea. Efficacy of traditional medicine was determined using the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the plant extract. Toxicological codicil of the drug was performed following OECD guidelines 423 with slight modifications. Solanum indicum extract administered to the rats by oral gavage at 500, 1000, 1500 & 2000 mg/kg body weight daily up to 28 days to male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Oral toxicity studies substantiate, no treatment-related death or toxic indicia were observed. It revealed that the Solanum indicum extract could be well tolerated up to the dose 2000 mg/kg body weight and could be classified as Category 5 drug.)
Keywords: Solanum indicum, Phytochemistry, Antioxidant, Acute toxicity, DPPH, H2O2
Celsia coromandeliane Vahl-A New Biomarker with Immense Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Pal Dilipkumar , Ahuja Charu , Mukherjee Souvik
Published: September 2024

Plant derived products have been important source of therapeutic agents, and now days most of the drugs are plant derived products or their derivatives. In many cases, when a plant becomes commercialized as herbal medicine, or when one of its constituents starts getting used as a pharmaceutical drug. Although herbal medicines are less potent in comparison to synthetic drugs in some cases but still these are consider less toxic or having less side effect in contrast to synthetic drugs. Objective: The present review work aims to evaluate the medicinal importance of Celsia coromandeliane Vahl. Celsia coromandeliane Vahl, is common throughout India found widely in the plains throughout India including Chhattisgarh state. Conclusion: The review of literature study suggests that, plant is found to possess various medicinal activities like antibacterial, in vitro antioxidant, anthelmintic, and CNS depressant activity. It contains sigma steroidal derivatives which has effect on puberty. Secondary metabolites present in the plant are responsible for CNS Depressant effects, Antibacterial activities, and Anthelmintic activity.
Keywords: CNS Depressant effects, Antibacterial activities, Anthelmintic activity
Concept of Cosmetics in the light of Classical Unani Literature
Authors: Anas Mohammad , Faiz Abul , Fatima Shireen , Rahman Ziaur
Published: September 2024

Since very ancient period Unani physicians has paid great attention toward the use of cosmetics. Unani literature is very rich in cosmeceutical formulations taking care of appearance and dealing with cosmetic diseases in humans. In Unani classical text like Kitab-ul-Mansoori, Al-Hawi-fil-Tib, Kamiul-us-Sana, Al-Qanoon-fit-Tib, Zakheera-e-Khwarzam Shahi, the details of cosmetics are mentioned under the headings of Tazeeniyaat. There are several single drugs or compound formulations described in Unani classical text. The use of Unani cosmetics is splendid because of its low cost, no side effect, easily available preparation. There are several Unani cosmeceuticals are described in unani classical text like Solid Cosmeceutical (Ghaza, Ghaliya, Kajal), Semi-solid Cosmeceutical (Tila, Zimad, Ubtan) and Liquid cosmeceutical (Ghusool, Pashoya).
Keywords: Unani Medicine, Tazeeniyaat, Ubtan, Ghaza.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Edible Flowers
Authors: Nanda Belekere Lakshmeesh
Published: September 2024

Cancer is the second major cause of deaths after cardiovascular diseases due to exposure to various carcinogens in the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe. Excessive free radicals produced during cellular metabolism can attack the deoxyribose, DNA backbone and bases, which leads to cytotoxicity or mutation and finally it causes cancer. There is a necessity for research to search of new compounds with cytotoxic activity, as the treatment of cancer. The available anticancer drug is often unsatisfactory due to the problem, which cause cytotoxicity to the normal cells along with cancer cells. Plants are considered as the valuable sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, which produce certain substances that have effects on living animal cells like apoptosis of cancer cells. In recent days emphasis has been on the use of edible sources for maintenance of the health. Therefore edible flowers which are now extensively used in preparation of foods is gaining much more attention for their medicinal value. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Rose and Pea flowers.
Keywords: Edible flowers, Blue pea flower, Rose, Anticancer, Antioxidant
THE Modified Okra Gum with Silica: A Novel Superdisintegrant for Fast Disintegrating Tablet
Authors: Puri Anchal , Dev Dhruv , Prasad D.N. , Hira Shabnam , Sharma Rajni
Published: September 2024

The present work on the fast disintegrating tablet of Atenolol was done to formulate a dosage form which can release the active ingredient at the faster rate. The fast disintegrating tablet was made by wet granulation method, the natural gum was used (Modified Okra Gum (Abelmoschus esculentus)). The gum in a modified form is a combination with the silica which increases the disintegration rate of the gum. The swelling index of Modified gum was found as 205. The pH of the gum was found as 6.1, in the gum no microbial growth was found during the study. In the contact with the water, due to high porosity, the tablet mass get swell hence it helps in the faster drug release. The water absorption ratio was found best in F4 formulation that was 84%. The eight formulations were studied for the drug content or the drug release, the drug release of the formulations F1 to F8 was found in the range of 90to 98%. Since the present was done using the natural disintegrating agent, so it was also subjected to study for the efficiency. In the present study the disintegration time of Modified Okra Gum containing tablet was compared with the synthetic disintegrating agent (Sodium Starch Glycolate). Disintegration time of Modified Okra Gum was found best in F4 formulation as 2min 10 sec. whereas tablet containing sodium Starch Glycolate was found as 2 min 34sec.
Keywords: Okra gum, Silica, Super-disintegrant, Modified gum.
Development and Validation of a RP-UPLC Method for Determination of Linezolid in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Suryawanshi Shivraj Vithal , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Vijayendra Swamy S.M. , Gholve Sachin B. , Girm Padmaja S. , Birajdar Mahesh J.
Published: September 2024

A simple, sensitive and accurate RP-UPLC method has been developed for the determination of Linezolid in Tablet formulation. The mix of the Linezolid was found to be 251nm in Acetonitrile: Buffer [40:60(v/v)]. The method shows high sensitivity with linearity 5 to 30μg/ml (regression r2 = 0.999). This method was tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines and USP. The Detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 50mg ml–1 and 150 mg ml–1 in Acetonitrile: Buffer [40:60(v/v)] respectively. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation < 2%), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and can be suitably applied for the estimation of Linezolid in Tablet pharmaceutical formulation.
Keywords: linezolid, Acetonitrile: Buffer 40:60 (v/v). RP-UPLC, Methanol.
ABTS radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of flavonoid fractions from Terminalia bellirica fruit rinds
Authors: James Jesna , Soumya K , Archana T. M , Shahid A.P , Sudheesh S
Published: September 2024

Plants are widely used in traditional medicine from the beginning of mankind because of its significant healing power and least side effects. The extraction and isolation of biologically active components from plants for the designing and synthesis of novel drugs became an emerging research area for years. Plants possess a large spectra of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids etc. they  are the major contributors of pharmacological activities shown by plants. Present study aimed at the ABTS radical scavenging and antimicrobial testing of flavonoid fractions from the fruit rinds of Terminalia bellirica. The effect of flavonoids from diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts against six bacterial strains and two fungal strains are evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that these flavonoid containing fractions possess excellent ABTS radical scavenging activity with very low concentrations and considerable antimicrobial potential when compared with their respective standards.
Keywords: ABTS radical, antimicrobial, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, flavonoid, Terminalia bellirica
Diabetes the Global Economic Burden of Adults and the Role of Herbalism as a safe & altenative cost -effective therapy. An Updared Overview
Authors: SHAH ZAHIDA , Shafi Sabeeha
Published: September 2024

Diabetes is a major global health threat to the human health as the prevalence has rapidly increased over the past four decades. The costs of diabetes include both direct costs from medical care as well as indirect costs incurred through loss of productivity or earnings, both of which are important contributors to the global economic burden. Global trend with focus on green medicine serve as an important safe & alternative cost effective therapy as compared to allopathic medicine. Plants have their chemical compounds which demonstrate alternative and safe effects on diabetes mellitus. Most of plants contain glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, carotenoids, etc., that are frequently implicated as having antidiabetic effect. Herbalism is becoming focusing point due to research on herbs and their use in treatment of diabetes and its prevention The scientific study of traditional medicines, concerned medicinal plants are thus of great importance.
Cytotoxic effect of Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. F.) T. Anderson leaf extract on Allium cepa root tip.
Authors: Hilal Fouzia
Published: September 2024

Cytotoxicity is a major subject in pharmaceutical studies relevant to the area of cancer research. Low cytotoxicity to healthy cells and high cytotoxicity to cancerous cells is the ultimate goal of many chemotherapy drugs. Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. F.) T. Anderson of Acanthaceae family is an exotic plant adapted to India, a versatile tropical low-creeping perennial herb .The leaves of Hemigraphis alternata were collected .50% and 25% aqueous extracts of the plants were prepared from fresh leaves. Onion root tips treated with each concentration were used for cytology study. Mitotic index (M.I.) and various chromosomal abnormalities were studied. Present study showed lower Mitotic index frequency in roots treated with extract as compared to control. Chromosome aberrations were observed in all stages of mitosis. The most frequently observed abnormalities were nuclear lesions, chromosome stickiness, multipolar anaphase, chromosome laggards, stellate chromosome etc..
Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Mitotic index, Chromosomal aberrations, Hemigraphis alternata.
Comparative fingerprint and extraction yield of Prosopis cineraria (Lin.) Druce. Leaves with phenolic compounds (Gallic acid) & flavonoids (Rutin)
Authors: BISHNOI RAM SINGH , Kumar Manish , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Jain C.P.
Published: September 2024

The main objective of this study is to analyse the extraction yield of Prosopis cineraria leaf with respect to phenolic compounds (Gallic acid) and flavonoids (Rutin). UV and FTIR spectroscopic methods were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds (gallic acid) and flavonoids (rutin) in the leaf extract of Prosopis cineraria. The extraction yield of methanolic extract was found to be superior. The FTIR signals at 675-600, 1225–950, 1540-1870, and 3500–3200 cm-1, are the indicator of presence of phenol (Gallic acid) & Rutin (flavonoid).  These signals were used to identify the presence of the functional groups in the extract. This study concludes that data obtained from the UV & FTIR spectroscopy is enough to fingerprint & evaluate extraction yield of Prosopis cineraria.
Key words:  UV spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Methanolic extract, Rutin, Gallic acid, Prosopis cineraria.
Extraction and Evaluation of Mucilage of Persea Duthiei as a Tablet Binder
Authors: Fartiyal Anil , Arya Rajeshwar Kamal Kant , Pal Govind Raj
Published: September 2024

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Development and Characterization of Morin Loaded Phytosomes for its Anti-Oxidant Activity
Authors: Manral Kanika , Singh Arun Kumar , Sah Vibha
Published: September 2024

The herbal plants contain huge number of active constituents, which shows excellent biological activity in-vitro but less in-vivo because of their poor lipid solubility, improper molecules size, degradation in gastric fluid and destruction of active components in gut by bacteria. So that poor absorption and bioavailability may occur. Phytosomal technique can be applied to herbal actives for the enhancement of bioavailability of herbal extracts and phytoconstituents. Phytosomes are prepared by patented process where standardized plant extract are bound to phospholipid. The aim of the present study was to developed and characterized the phytosomes of Morin to overcome the limitation of absorption and bioavailability. Phytosomes of Morin was formulated by thin film hydration method by using in different ratio of lipid with phytoconstituents. The prepared phytosomes were characterized for their drug content, drug entrapment, particle size, in-vitro release study and evaluated its in vitro antioxidant activity. From the present study, the result showed that spherical shape phytosomes having particle size 661.2nm. The poly-dispersity index and zeta potential was found to be 0.383 and -13.76 mv respectively. Result obtained from in-vitro release studies shows a sustained release of morin from formulation over a period of 12 hrs. From the present study it was concluded that morin loaded phytosmes shows better absorption and more effective antioxidants than the parent compound.
Keyword: Phytosomes, phospholipids, Morin, in-vitro Antioxidant activity
Enhancing the Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Meclizine Hydrochloride by Inclusion Complex
Authors: Sharma Sanjay Kumar , Patel Rakesh P
Published: September 2024

Meclizine Hydrochloride is an Anti-Histamine drugs with very low bioavailability that can be improved by increasing its solubility and dissolution rate. The aim of this study is to enhance dissolution of Meclizine Hydrochloride as a model hydrophobic drug through application of inclusion complex technology. It was formulated as inclusion complex compact, and its dissolution property is evaluated and compared with marketed product of Meclizine Hcl tablet. The newly formulated drug and the interaction between excipients was examined by, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning colorimetry, respectively. Both DSC and SEM results suggested loss of crystallinity of Meclizine Hydrochloride upon conversion into a inclusion complex formulation. The dissolution efficiency of Meclizine Hydrochloride at 45 min was increased from directly compressed tablet to 98.0% for marketed product to 97.2% at 45 minutes for the inclusion complex formulation. The increase in the dissolution rate was also found to be significant compared to the marketed product. The inclusion complex technique appears to be a promising approach for improving the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like Meclizine Hydrochloride.
Keywords: Meclizine Hydrochloride, inclusion complex, Avicel pH 102, Talc, Lactose, ethanol
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ajuga Parviflora in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kumari Rupa , Amit , , Kumar Pawan , Ahmed Rizwan
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Ajuga  parviflora  in diabetic induced Sprague Dawley rats. Acute toxicity study was done on screened rats for 14 days. The rats were divided into four groups like normal, diabetic, treated and standard (diabetes treated with Glibenclamide). Streptozocin 160mg /kg body weight was administered intra peritoneally to rat for the induction of diabetes. After the confirmation of diabetes, the rats were subjected to further in-vivo studies. The formulation obtained by ethanolic extract of whole plant of Ajuga parviflora  (60mg/kg) were administered orally to diabetic rats for 28 days. The body weight and fasted blood glucose level measured in diabetic and non-diabetic rats at the end  of experiments. The formulation shows significant reduction in blood glucose level in Streptozocin induced rats that is comparable to Glibenclamide.. Methanolic extract of medicinal herb Ajuga  parviflora  Benth. was evaluated for phytochemical screening the plant extract showed the presence of aromatic compounds, carbohydrates and others.
Keywords: Ajuga parviflora, Sprague Dawley rat, Streptozocin , Phytochemical screnning.