bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Care Pathways for Management of Common Complications of Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Teltumbde Archana Sahadeo , Taksande Vaishali , Taksande Archana , Sakle Pradnya , Thool Bali
Published: June 2024

India is a vast and diverse country with a complex healthcare scheme that faces significant challenges in providing quality care to its population. Obstetric care is a complex area of healthcare. The history of clinical care pathways in obstetric care reflects a continued effort to improve the quality and safety of healthcare for mothers and infants. This comprehensive review provides an overview of clinical care pathways in obstetric care. It sheds light on the current evidence supporting the use of clinical care pathways for the management of anaemia during pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia, and Preterm Labour (PTL). The primary aim of this review is to recognise the accessibility and strength of evidence for the use of clinical care pathways in the management of common complications of pregnancy.
Study of Physico-chemical and Storage Qualities of “AWARA” Produced from Soymilk Using Tamarind Fruit Pulp Extract Used as Coagulant
Authors: Jacob Gabriel Anayo , Igyor Michael Agba , Eke Mike Ojotu
Published: June 2024

The study investigated the physico-chemical and storage qualities of “Awara” produced from soymilk with tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) fruit pulp extract as coagulant. The experimental design was 5 x 6 completely randomized design. The “awara” products were prepared using coagulant at 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% vol. concentrations and heated in appropriate volume of soymilk (12litres) to obtain “awara” products designated sample B, C, D, E and F respectively. Control sample A was prepared from reconstituted skimmed milk powder with 4% coagulant. For storage studies, ambient stored samples were analyzed at 0 day and 1 week intervals. All samples were subjected to standard analytical methods. Results showed that the percentage yield of awara products ranged from 7.89-20.29% with control sample A having the highest value of 20.29% while sample B had least value (7.89%). The range of textural parameters was 0.74-65.71 representing the minimum and maximum values of elasticity and hardness respectively. In hardness, F (65.71%) with the highest value is significantly different to all the samples and each sample is significantly different to the other at (P = .05). Total Titratable acidity values ranged between 0.059-1.53% representing B and D respectively. pH value ranged from 4.4-6.6 in day 0 and 2.7-4.1 in week 1 with A having highest value both in day 0 and week 1. There was a decrease in total bacteria and fungi counts in day 0 with increased addition of coagulant. The result of the microbiological showed that the awara samples cannot keep more than one day.
Advancing Numerical Methods of Block Multi-Derivative Approaches for ODEs of Various Orders
Authors: Olabode B. T. , Kayode S. J. , Olatubi O. J. , Momoh A. L.
Published: June 2024

This work presents advancing numerical methods of block multi-derivative approaches for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of Various Orders. The derivation of the methods is achieved by applying the techniques of interpolation and collocation to a power series polynomial, which is considered an approximate solution to the problems. Higher derivative terms are introduced to improve the accuracy of the method, giving room to modify the method for solving second and third-order initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Details conformation of the block method is presented, showing that the method is zero stable, consistent and convergent. The method is applied block-by-block to first, second and third-order initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations. The application of the method to a real-life example also yields accurate results.
Diversity of Avian Fauna in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: N Satheesh , K.Baranidharan  , S.Krishnamoorthi  , M.Vijayabhama  , S.Mugilan
Published: June 2024

Birds serve as key indicators of environmental health, helping to monitor and maintain ecological balance. The study conducted from 2021 to 2024 in the Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, located in the Ariyalur district, aimed to assess year-wise species diversity, richness, relative diversity, evenness, density, and relative abundance of wetland birds. The total count method was employed to estimate the population of wetland birds. The study at Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary recorded 97 bird species over four years, with 30 migrant and 67 resident species. Among these, five species were Near Threatened viz., Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa), Woolly-necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus), Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) and Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and two were Vulnerable viz., Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga) and Common Pochard (Aythya ferina). Comparative studies in other sanctuaries revealed similar patterns in species diversity and abundance. The highest species diversity at Karaivetti was in 2021, while the highest richness occurred in 2022. Total bird density was highest in 2021 and lowest in 2024, with the Little Cormorant showing the highest relative abundance in recent years.
Effect of Pre and Postharvest Factors on Vase life of Gladiolus or Effect of Different Floral Preservatives on Vase Life of Gladiolus
Authors: Sarje Rasika Ashok , Abhangrao Ashwini Kailas , Jayakumar Sarath , Gupta Ritika , Pathania Smriti , Sree B. Vidya
Published: June 2024

Gladiolus is a popular ornamental and cut flower grown globally. However, the vase life of gladiolus flowers is relatively short due to physiological factors such as water stress, carbohydrate depletion, microbial activity, and ethylene exposure. This review discusses various preharvest and postharvest factors that influence the vase life of gladiolus flowers. Genetic factors, environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, and biotic stresses can impact vase life during the preharvest stage. Postharvest factors such as ethylene production, carbon dioxide levels, and pest/disease issues also play a crucial role. The use of chemical preservatives like sucrose, salicylic acid, and growth regulators like gibberellic acid have been found effective in extending the vase life and maintaining the quality of cut gladiolus flowers. Integrated management of these factors can help improve the postharvest longevity and marketability of gladiolus as a cut flower.
The Study of Genetic Components in Okra [(Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench] Crop
Authors: Yadav Kalyan Singh , Singh Ajeet Pratap
Published: June 2024

The present study of the genetic component in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]” crop was conducted during Kharif 2019 to ziad 2020 at the research farm of shri Durgaji post-graduate college Chaneshwar Azamgarh U.P. with ten genotypes Azad Bhindi1, Azad Bhindi 2, Azad Bhindi 3, KS 312, VRO5, KS 442, KS 439, BO2, Arka Abhay and Prabhani Kranti along with 11 characters viz days to flowering, height of plant, number of branches per plant /main shoot, number of first fruiting node height of first fruiting node number of nodes per plant, length of internodes, length of fruit, width of fruits, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant.  The genetic component of variance showed significant values for additive components for all the characters in both the generations except the height of the plant and the number of branches in F1 generation. The dominance components  were also highly significant for all the characters in both generations except fruit yield per plant in F2 population. The degree of dominance  showed dominance for all the characters in both generations. The ratio  showed less than unity for all the characters in both generations. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed highly significant values both for gca and sca variances based on both generations. However, the magnitude of the GCA variance was more than the sca variance for all the characters in both F1 and F2 generations. Additive gene action was observed for all the characters in both generations.
Direct-Acting Antivirals' Safety Profile in Patients with Advanced Liver Cirrhosis with Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khan Shahroz M. , Nazmin Farhana , Ray Rubela , Hachem Rauann , Wade Briannah , Bhinder Manal A. , Chaudhry Muhammad B. , Syed Marya , Khan Ayesha , Fatima Eman , Ullah Imdad
Published: June 2024

Chronic hepatitis C with cirrhosis is treated with direct-acting antibiotics (DAAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of direct-acting antibodies in the treatment of hepatitis C in cirrhosis. It also examines the proportion of drug-related problems, side effects, and mortality. The Cochrane Library and PubMed were thoroughly searched for the required literature. Fifteen articles were extracted for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 16 studies were thoroughly screened. The included studies provided a comprehensive picture of the effects of DAA therapy, spanning multiple study designs and sites Our analysis showed that good responses were observed with DAA regimens and that treatment discontinuation was low due to adverse events a stirring that. Few adverse events were reported, but all were mostly uncontrolled to prevent treatment discontinuation or death. In addition, meta-analytic studies on specific outcomes such as encephalopathy, ascites, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), adverse events, and death provided quantitative analysis about the safety of DAAs. Research also shows that DAAs have fewer side effects, deaths, and complications than other treatments.
The Effect of an Educational/ Preventive Program on Adolescents Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Clinical Study
Authors: Provenzano Maria Gisette Arias , Lucietto Tuane Mertz , Santin Gabriela Cristina , Moura Sandra Kiss , Ramos Adilson Luiz
Published: June 2024

Aim: To evaluate the effect of educational/preventive measures in adolescents who wore fixed orthodontic appliances.
Study Design: Prospective, controlled, and randomized clinical study.
Place and Duration of Study: The adolescents were evaluated in a private dental clinic in the city of Ibiporã - PR for 12 weeks in 2015.
Methodology: A randomized design, with records of plaque, gingival and bleeding indices. In total 40 adolescent patients, with an average age of 14 years, of both genders were selected at a private orthodontic clinic. Mechanical biofilm control was performed and oral hygiene kits were distributed. Clinical evaluations were made at the beginning of the study (baseline) and at time intervals of 30, 60 and 90 days, in a total of 12 weeks. Means of indices were compared throughout the study period. Among the educational/preventive measures used were photograph albums, verbal oral hygiene guidance and disclosing of dental plaque. Records were made of the participants’ oral hygiene habits.
Results: The girls presented a higher dental plaque reduction value of 30.8% whereas the boys presented 25.3%. The plaque index showed significant reduction in the initial evaluation (baseline) and in the following re-evaluations at 30, 60 and 90 days.
Conclusion: The educational/preventive measures used were shown to be effective, in view of the significant reduction in gingival inflammation and dental plaque indices, with improvement in the oral health of adolescents who wore fixed orthodontic appliances.
Cell Differentiation Agents Recommended for the Rescue of Metastatic, Unresponsive and Recurrent Cancer Patients
Authors: C. Liau Ming , L. Craig Christine , L. Baker Linda
Published: June 2024

The objective of this article is to develop cell differentiation agent (CDA) formulations to the rescue of cancer patients whose cancer stem cells (CSCs) have become a dominant issue such as metastatic, unresponsive and recurrent cancer patients. Although CSCs are only a small minor subpopulation, they contribute the major fatal effects of cancer, such as metastasis, unresponsiveness, recurrence, drug resistance and angiogenesis. These cells are protected by drug resistance and anti-apoptosis mechanisms, and, therefore, are very resistant to therapies aimed to kill cancer cells (CCs). Perfect cancer drugs must be able to take out both CCs and CSCs, to restore chemo-surveillance. Imperfect cancer drugs can only solve a fraction of cancer problems. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, apoptosis inducing drugs and immunotherapeutic drugs put up by cancer establishments are imperfect cancer drugs which can only kill CCs but cannot affect CSCs. These imperfect cancer drugs also cause damage to chemo-surveillance. The inability to eliminate CSCs and the damage to chemo-surveillance are responsible for the failure of imperfect cancer drugs to save advanced cancer patients that include metastatic, unresponsive and recurrent cancer patients.
CDA formulations are perfect cancer drugs made up by differentiation inducers (DIs) and differentiation helper inducers (DHIs), which can induce both CSCs and CCs to undergo terminal differentiation. Evidently, induction of terminal differentiation is the only option for the solution of CSCs. And the solution of CSCs is essential to cure cancer. DIs and DHIs are the active players of chemo-surveillance to restore the functionality of chemo-surveillance often badly damaged in cancer patients. Thus, CDA formulations are the right solution to the rescue of cancer patients with CSCs as a dominant issue.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Tomato
Authors: Patidar Rishabh , Tayde Anoorag Rajnikant , Tak Abhay
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was conducted during rabi season of 2023-2024 at Central Research field, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj using Randomized Block Design (RBD) method in three replications and 8 treatments. The treatments used were Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, Spinosad, Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP, NSKE 5% and Fipronil 5% SC, and untreated control. Each Insecticide was sprayed twice at 15 days interval. The pest count per 5 plant was taken 1 day before spray and 3rd, 7th and 14th days after spray. The lowest larval population was recorded in the plot treated with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 2.67 and 1.86 after 1st and 2nd spray followed by Spinosad 2.90 and 2.21, Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC 2.97 and 2.41, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 3.20 and 2.66, Fipronil 5% SC 3.60 and 2.90, Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP 3.68 and 3.17, NSKE 5% 3.97 and 3.45 was found to be least effective than all other treatments. Among the treatment studied the best and most economical treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC with highest yield and cost benefit ratio of (232 q/h) and (1:8.52) followed by Spinosad 45 % SC %SC ( 228 q/h), (1:7.83), Indoxacarb 14.5 %SC ( 205 q/h) and (1:7.71), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (195 q/h), (1:7.30), Fipronil 5% SC ( 187 q/h) , (1:7.08), Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (180 q/h), (1:6.75), NSKE 5% (150 q/h ),(1:5.57) as compared to control (100 q/h) and (1:3.97).
Exploring Impact of Telerehabilitation in Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome Following COVID-19: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Rasheed Nilofar , Yadav Jyoti , Sharma Bhawna , Parveen Farha
Published: June 2024

Aims: The purpose of this study was to see how telerehabilitation affected post-viral tiredness following COVID-19.
Study Design: Narrative Review.
Materials and Methods: Various computerised data bases were used to conduct a structured Literature search. PubMed, Google Scholar, Pedro, American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), World Health Organization (WHO), World Confederation Physical Therapy (WCPT), Medscape, Research-gate Embase, American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), World Health Organization (WHO), World Confederation Physical Therapy (WCPT), Medscape, Research-gate Embase Clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and literature reviews were all part of the search strategy. The search was restricted to English literature alone.
Result: A total of 75 items were found in various electronic databases. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 articles containing actual substance were shortlisted. Telerehabilitation in post-viral fatigue syndrome following covid 19 had a good effect on the patients, according to the study. It helps individuals with Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome increase their breathing rate, physical strength, and overall function.
Conclusion: This narrative review of the literature discovered that physiotherapy therapies, particularly Telerehabilitation, have a good effect in post-viral fatigue following covid19. Telerehabilitation has a greater impact on reducing the symptoms of post viral fatigue syndrome patients and will aid in their recovery. The things taught in Telerehabilitation also assist a lot, and the exercise improves the cardiovascular system by increasing HR (heart rate), breathing rate, body temperature, and blood pressure (Blood pressure).
Report on Phytophthora sp. Causing Corm Rot of Colocasia (Colocasia esculenta L.) from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Nirmala Divi Niharika , A. Lal Abhilasha , Simon Sobita
Published: June 2024

Taro [(Colocasia esculenta L.) Schott] also known as old cocoyam or true cocoyam is a water-loving herbaceous plant. Taro is affected by major diseases and pests in different parts of the world but among them taro blight and corm rot caused by a fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora colocasiae Racib is most important disease. The infected corm samples were collected from markets in two districts of Andhra Pradesh and the experiment was carried out based on Koch’s postulates in the Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Rabi season (2022-23). Isolation was done from collected corm samples (infected corms) for identification of the pathogen. Based on the cultural and morphological characters under microscopic examination, the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora sp. which causes corm rot and leaf blight of Colocasia. The isolated pathogen was inoculated into the healthy corms of Colocasia. At the time of corm germination, the typical symptoms were observed like downy whitish growth on the surface of the corms and on the leaf surface as small grey to brown discoloured water-soaked spots which later enlarged, became dark brown and coalesced, ﬁnally destroyed entire leaf lamina. After the examination of the symptoms, reisolation was done and pathogenecity of the fungus was proved by Koch’s postulates. Perusal of the literature revealed that Phytophthora sp. causes post and pre                              harvest corm rot and leaf blight in colocasia and it seems to be the first report from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.
Radiographic severity of ankylosing spondylitis is associated with polymorphism of the large multifunctional peptidase 2 gene in the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada cohort
Authors: Haroon Nigil , Maksymowych Walter P. , Rahman Proton , Tsui Florence W. L. , O'Shea Finbar D. , Inman Robert D.
Published: October 2011

Objective

There are limited data on genetic predictors of radiographic progression. The aim of this study was to examine polymorphisms in genes involved in antigen presentation and their effect on radiographic severity and progression.

Methods

Caucasian patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (diagnosed according to the modified New York criteria) from 2 Canadian centers were enrolled. Patients in the progression part of the study had at least 2 sets of radiographs obtained at a minimum gap of 1.5 years, with a modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Peripheral blood DNA was used for genotyping a panel of 13 coding‐region single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1, LMP2, LMP7, TAP1, and TAP2. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of the baseline mSASSS and logistic regression for predictors of progression. Progression was defined as an increase of 1 mSASSS unit per year.

Results

A total of 241 AS patients (81% males; 82% HLA–B27–positive) were enrolled from the 2 centers for analysis of the predictors of baseline radiographic severity. In univariate analyses, the baseline mSASSS was associated with sex, disease duration, and SNPs rs30187 (ERAP1) and rs17587 (LMP2). In multivariate analyses, duration of disease (B = 0.74; P = 1 × 10−11), sex (B = 12.1; P = 5 × 10−5), and the LMP2 SNP rs17587 (B = 6.2; P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the baseline mSASSS. In multivariate analyses of progression, only the baseline mSASSS was a significant predictor (B = 0.03; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

This is the first study to demonstrate that LMP2 variants can affect radiographic severity in AS. The baseline mSASSS remains the strongest predictor of radiographic progression but explains only a fraction of the variability seen.
Metabolic stress–induced inflammation plays a major role in the development of osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Gierman L. M. , van der Ham F. , Koudijs A. , Wielinga P. Y. , Kleemann R. , Kooistra T. , Stoop R. , Kloppenburg M. , van Osch G. J. V. M. , Stojanovic‐Susulic V. , Huizinga T. W. , Zuurmond A.‐M.
Published: October 2011

Objective

Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and is a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) development. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that metabolic stress–induced inflammation, and not mechanical overload, is responsible for the development of high‐fat diet–induced OA in mice.

Methods

Human C‐reactive protein (CRP)–transgenic mice received a high‐fat diet without or with 0.005% (weight/weight) rosuvastatin or 0.018% (w/w) rosiglitazone, 2 different drugs with antiinflammatory properties. Mice fed chow were included as controls. After 42 weeks, mice were killed and histologic OA grading of the knees was performed. To monitor the overall inflammation state, systemic human CRP levels were determined.

Results

Male mice on a high‐fat diet had significantly higher OA grades than mice on chow and showed no correlation between OA severity and body weight. In male mice, high‐fat diet–induced OA was significantly inhibited by rosuvastatin or rosiglitazone to OA grades observed in control mice. Both treatments resulted in reduced human CRP levels. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the relative individual induction of human CRP evoked by a high‐fat diet on day 3 and OA grade at end point.

Conclusion

High‐fat diet–induced OA in mice is due to low‐grade inflammation and not to mechanical overload, since no relationship between body weight and OA grade was observed. Moreover, the OA process was inhibited to a great extent by treatment with 2 drugs with antiinflammatory properties. The inflammatory response to a metabolic high‐fat challenge may predict individual susceptibility to developing OA later in life. The use of statins or peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonists (e.g., rosiglitazone) could be a strategy for interfering with the progression of OA.
Mechanical injury suppresses autophagy regulators and pharmacologic activation of autophagy results in chondroprotection
Authors: Caramés Beatriz , Taniguchi Noboru , Seino Daisuke , Blanco Francisco J. , D'Lima Darryl , Lotz Martin
Published: October 2011

Objective

Mechanical injury induces cell death in cartilage and triggers a remodeling process that ultimately can manifest as osteoarthritis. Autophagy is a process for turnover of intracellular organelles and macromolecules that protects cells during stress responses. This study was undertaken to determine changes in and functions of autophagy following mechanical injury to cartilage.

Methods

Bovine and human cartilage explants were subjected to mechanical impact (40% strain for 500 msec). Cell viability, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) release, and changes in the levels of the autophagy markers ULK1, beclin 1, and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) were evaluated. Cartilage explants were treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC‐1) inhibitor and the autophagy inducer rapamycin and tested for protective effects against mechanical injury. Explants were also treated with the cell death inducers nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plus actinomycin D, and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α).

Results

Mechanical injury induced cell death and loss of sGAG in a time‐dependent manner. This was associated with significantly decreased ULK1, beclin 1, and LC3 expression in the cartilage superficial zone (P < 0.05) 48 hours after injury. The levels of LC3‐II were increased 24 hours after injury but decreased at 48 and 96 hours. Rapamycin enhanced expression of autophagy regulators and prevented cell death and sGAG loss in mechanically injured explants. Rapamycin also protected against cell death induced by sodium nitroprusside and TNFα plus actinomycin D and prevented sGAG loss induced by IL‐1α.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that mechanical injury leads to suppression of autophagy, predominantly in the superficial zone where most of the cell death occurs. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC‐1, at least in part by enhancement of autophagy, prevents cell and matrix damage, suggesting a novel approach for chondroprotection.
Organometallic Rotaxanes with a Triazole Group in the Axle Component and Their Behavior as Ligands of PtII Complexes
Authors: Yu Gilbert , Suzaki Yuji , Abe Tomoko , Osakada Kohtaro
Published: October 2011

Two ferrocenylmethyl ammonium salts were used as axle components of pseudorotaxanes with dibenzo[24]crown‐8. The pseudorotaxane with an alkyne terminal group in the axle component underwent a Cu‐catalyzed Huisgen coupling reaction (click reaction) with an alkyl azide to afford cationic [2]rotaxanes with a triazole group in the axle molecule. The rotaxane reacted with Ac2O to produce neutral rotaxanes with an amide group in the axle component. Both cationic and neutral rotaxanes were treated with K[PtCl3(CH2CH2)] to form the PtII‐containing rotaxanes.
Abnormal Thermal Expansion of Clathrate Hydrates Induced by Asymmetric Guest Molecules
Authors: Cha Minjun , Youn Yeobum , Kwon Minchul , Shin Kyuchul , Lee Seongsu , Lee Huen
Published: October 2011

We investigated for the first time the abnormal thermal expansion induced by an asymmetric guest structure using high‐resolution neutron powder diffraction. Three dihydrogen molecules (H2, D2, and HD) were tested to explore the guest dynamics and thermal behavior of hydrogen‐doped clathrate hydrates. We confirmed the restricted spatial distribution and doughnut‐like motion of the HD guest in the center of anisotropic sII‐S (sII‐S=small cages of structure II hydrates). However, we failed to observe a mass‐dependent relationship when comparing D2 with HD. The use of asymmetric guest molecules can significantly contribute to tuning the cage dimension and thus can improve the stable inclusion of small gaseous molecules in confined cages.
Prognose der Langzeitverformungen für Gründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen mit einem Akkumulationsmodell
Authors: Wichtmann Torsten , Triantafyllidis Theodoros
Published: October 2011

Die Abschätzung der Langzeitverformungen für Gründungen von Offshore‐ Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) stellt ein nach wie vor ungelöstes Problem dar. Für einzelne Gründungstypen (z. B. Monopiles) wurden zwischenzeitlich einfache Rechenmodelle vorgeschlagen, deren Validierung jedoch – wie auch im Fall der in diesem Beitrag beschriebenen Methode – für den Prototyp‐Maßstab noch aussteht. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Abschätzung der Langzeitverformungen von OWEA‐Gründungen mit Hilfe der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FE) unter Anwendung eines speziell für hochzyklische Belastungen entwickelten Akkumulationsmodells. Die Vorteile gegenüber den einfachen Ingenieurmodellen liegen u. a. in der Anwendbarkeit auf beliebige Gründungssysteme und ‐geometrien (für Monopiles und Flachgründungen geeignet) sowie in der bodenmechanisch fundierten Beschreibung des Stoffverhaltens auf Basis zahlreicher zyklischer Laborversuche. Im Gegensatz zu Modellen mit entkoppelten Federn werden die Interaktion benachbarter Bodenbereiche sowie Zustandsänderungen im Boden während der zyklischen Belastung berücksichtigt. Nach einer einfachen Darstellung der Rechenprozedur und der Gleichungen werden die Kalibrierung der Materialparameter aus zyklischen Versuchen am Beispiel eines offshore‐typischen Feinsandes sowie die vereinfachte Abschätzung der Parameter anhand der Korngrößenverteilungskurve erläutert. Neben einer Diskussion der Vorgehensweise für Zyklenpakete werden exemplarische FE‐Berechnungen an Monopile‐ und Schwergewichtsgründungen gezeigt.

Prediction of long‐term deformations for offshore wind power plant foundations using an accumulation model. The estimation of long‐term deformations for offshore wind power plant foundations (OWPP) is still an unsolved problem. For certain foundation types (e.g. monopiles) simple models have been proposed which still have to be validated for the prototype scale – similar to the method proposed in this paper. The paper describes the estimation of long‐term deformations of OWPP foundations by means of the finite‐element method (FE) using an accumulation model specially developed for high‐cyclic loading. The advantages, compared to the simple engineering models, are the applicability to arbitrary foundation systems and geometries (applicable to monopiles and shallow foundations) and the sound description of soil behaviour based on numerous cyclic laboratory tests. In contrast to models using decoupled springs, the interaction between adjacent soil zones and changes of the soil state parameters during cyclic loading are considered. After a simple presentation of the calculation strategy and the model equations, the calibration of the material parameters from cyclic tests is shown exemplary for an offshore‐typical fine sand. The simplified estimation of the parameters based on the grain size distribution curve is also explained. Beside a discussion of the procedure for packages of cycles, exemplary FE‐calculations of monopile and gravity foundations are shown.
Schisandrin B enhances the glutathione redox cycling and protects against oxidant injury in different types of cultured cells
Authors: Lam Philip Y. , Leong Pou Kuan , Chen Na , Ko Kam Ming
Published: October 2011

Tert‐butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) challenge caused an initial depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH), which was followed by a gradual restoration of cellular GSH in AML12, H9c2, and differentiated PC12 cells. The time‐dependent changes in cellular GSH induced by tBHP were monitored as a measure of GSH recovery capacity (GRC), of which glutathione reductase (GR)‐mediated glutathione redox cycling and γ‐glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)‐mediated GSH synthesis were found to play an essential role. While glutathione redox cycling sustained the GSH level during the initial tBHP‐induced depletion, GSH synthesis restores the GSH level thereafter. The effects of (−)schisandrin B [(−)Sch B] and its analogs (Sch A and Sch C) on GRC were also examined in the cells. (−)Sch B and Sch C, but not Sch A, ameliorated the extent of tBHP‐induced GSH depletion, indicative of enhanced glutathione redox cycling. However, the degree of restoration of GSH post‐tBHP challenge was not affected or even decreased. Pretreatment with (−)Sch B and Sch C, but not Sch A, protected against oxidant injury in the cells. The (−)Sch B afforded cytoprotection was abolished by N,N′‐bis(chloroethyl)‐N‐nitrosourea pretreatment suggesting the enhancement of glutathione redox cycling is crucially involved in the cytoprotection afforded by (−)Sch B against oxidative stress‐induced cell injury.
A mechanistic model for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose using continuous distribution kinetics II: Cooperative enzyme action, solution kinetics, and product inhibition
Authors: Griggs Andrew J. , Stickel Jonathan J. , Lischeske James J.
Published: October 2011

The projected cost for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass continues to be a barrier for the commercial production of liquid transportation fuels from renewable feedstocks. Predictive models for the kinetics of the enzymatic reactions will enable an improved understanding of current limitations, such as the slow‐down of the overall conversion rate, and may point the way for more efficient utilization of the enzymes in order to achieve higher conversion yields. A mechanistically based kinetic model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was recently reported in Griggs et al. (2011) (Part I). In this article (Part II), the enzyme system is expanded to include solution‐phase kinetics, particularly cellobiose‐to‐glucose conversion by β‐glucosidase (βG), and novel adsorption and product inhibition schemes have been incorporated, based on current structural knowledge of the component enzymes. Model results show cases of cooperative and non‐cooperative hydrolysis for an enzyme system consisting of EGI and CBHI. The model is used to explore various potential rate‐limiting phenomena, such as substrate accessibility, product inhibition, sterically hindered enzyme adsorption, and the molecular weight of the cellulose substrate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:676–685. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography of porphyrins in clinical materials: column and mobile phase selection and optimisation
Authors: Benton Christopher M. , Lim Chang Kee , Moniz Caje , Jones Donald JL
Published: October 2011

Ultra high‐performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) systems on columns packed with materials ranging from 1.9 to 2.7 µm average particle size were assessed for the fast and sensitive analysis of porphyrins in clinical materials. The fastest separation was achieved on an Agilent Poroshell C18 column (2.7 µm particle size, 50 × 4.6 mm i.d.), followed by a Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column (1.9 µm particle size, 50 × 2.1 mm i.d.) and the Thermo Hypersil BDS C18 column (2.4 µm particle size, 100 × 2.1 mm i.d.). All columns required a mobile phase containing 1 m ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.16, with a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol as the organic modifiers for optimum resolution of the type I and III isomers, particularly for uroporphyrin I and III isomers. All UHPLC columns were suitable and superior to conventional HPLC columns packed with 5 µm average particle size materials for clinical sample analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Contaminants on the Mass‐Transfer Characteristics of a Two‐Impinging‐Streams Gas‐Liquid Reactor
Authors: Dehkordi A. M. , Savari C.
Published: October 2011

The mass‐transfer characteristics of a new type of two‐impinging‐streams reactor (TISR) was studied by means of sodium sulfite solution as the liquid phase and air as the gas phase, in the presence and absence of various types of surface‐active agents (SAAs). The influences of anionic, cationic, and nonionic SAAs on the specific interfacial area and overall volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient obtained in the TISR were investigated. It was found that the presence of a little amount of the above‐mentioned contaminants increases the specific interfacial area and decreases the overall volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient. On the basis of the experimental results obtained for various types of SAAs, correlations were derived for the interfacial area as well as the Sherwood number for the liquid phase in terms of Froude, Reynolds, Schmidt, and Morton numbers.
Identification of Flow Regimes in a Concurrent Gas Liquid Upflow through Packed Beds
Authors: Raghavendra Rao A. V. , Kishore Kumar R. , Sankarshana T. , Khan A.
Published: October 2011

The flow regimes bubble flow, pulse flow, and spray flow were identified by visual observation in a packed column. Three gas‐liquid systems (air/water, air/56 % glycerol, and air/monoethanolamine) and four column packings (Raschig rings, Intalox saddles, and two sizes of spheres) were investigated to cover wide ranges of physical properties of gas liquid systems and characteristics of column packings affecting the flow regime transition. Criteria for the flow regime transition were developed in terms of system and operating variables.
CFD Simulations for Safety of Chemical Reactors and Storage Tanks
Authors: Rudniak L. , Milewska A. , Molga E.
Published: October 2011

Two CFD models were formulated for the stirred tank reactor and the storage tank, respectively. With use of the elaborated models, for various thermal runaway scenarios, spatial distributions of liquid velocity, temperature, and key reactant concentration were determined as a function of time. Knowledge of temperature nonuniformity inside the reactor and storage tank vessels is particularly crucial for the appropriate location of temperature sensors, which assures a detection of thermal runaway as early as possible. The results obtained indicate that the CFD models can be very useful to elaborate efficient and robust methods for online early warning of runaway.
Mechanistic Analysis of Iridium(III) Catalyzed Direct CH Arylations: A DFT Study
Authors: García‐Melchor Max , Gorelsky Serge I. , Woo Tom K.
Published: October 2011

In a recent experimental work the Ir complex [Ir(cod)(py)(PCy3)](PF6) (that is, Crabtree’s catalyst) has been shown to catalyze the CH arylation of electron‐rich heteroarenes with iodoarenes using Ag2CO3 as base. For this process, an electrophilic metalation mechanism, (SEAr) has been proposed as operative mechanism rather than the concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) mechanism, widely implicated in Pd‐catalyzed arylation reactions. Herein we have investigated the CH activation step for several (hetero)arenes catalyzed by a IrIII catalyst and compared the data obtained with the results for the PdII‐catalyzed CH bond activation. The calculations demonstrate that, similar to PdII‐catalyzed reactions, the IrIII‐catalyzed direct CH arylation occurs through the CMD pathway which accounts for the experimentally observed regioselectivity. The transition states for IrIII‐catalyzed direct CH arylation feature stronger metal–C(arene) interactions than those for PdII‐catalyzed CH arylation. The calculations also demonstrate that ligands with low trans effect may decrease the activation barrier of the CH bond cleavage.
Bicontinuous Cubic Mesoporous Materials with Biphasic Structures
Authors: Garcia‐Bennett Alfonso E. , Xiao Changhong , Zhou Chunfang , Castle Toen , Miyasaka Keiichi , Terasaki Osamu
Published: October 2011

The replication of amphiphilic systems within an inorganic silica matrix allows the study of the fundamental properties of mesostructural changes, that is, kinetic and structural parameters. Herein we report a detailed study of the transition between cubic bicontinuous mesostructure with space groups Ia$\bar 3$d and Pn$\bar 3$m symmetry, which are associated with the minimal G and D surfaces, respectively. The transition may be induced through micellar swelling of the anionic amphiphilic surfactant N‐lauroyl alanine by trimethylbenzene. Rich kinetic behaviour is observed and has been exploited to prepare particles with biphasic structures. Transmission electron microscopy evidence indicates that there is epitaxial growth from one mesostructure to the other involving the [111] and [110] orientations of the Ia$\bar 3$d and Pn$\bar 3$m symmetry structures, respectively. From kinetic studies, we show that the formation of the Ia$\bar 3$d mesophase is preceded by a hexagonal phase (plane group p6mm) and an epitaxial relationship has been observed involving the sixfold or $\bar 3$ axis orientations of both structures. Our data suggests that the Pn$\bar 3$m mesostructure is kinetically stable at low temperatures whereas the Ia$\bar 3$d mesostructure is the more stable structure after prolonged periods of hydrothermal treatment. We present evidence from transmission electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray diffractograms and also electron crystallography modelling of the unit cells at particular points in the structural change.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Single Crystal Structures of Hg(AuF6)2 and AgFAuF6.
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny , Tavcar Gasper
Published: October 2011

Hg(AuF6)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD at 200 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalytic Decomposition of Sulfuric Acid with Copper Vanadates as an Oxygen‐Generating Reaction for Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycles.
Authors: Machida Masato , Miyazaki Yui , Matsunaga Yuichi , Ikeue Keita
Published: October 2011

Cu2V2O7 is found to be a highly efficient catalyst for decomposition of sulfuric acid to evolve O2 at moderate temperatures around 650 °C, where most of the conventional oxide catalysts are much less active and less stable.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolving Composition and Structure of RE—Sb—O—C Natural Superlattice Phases (RE: La, Ho).
Authors: Wang Peng , Forbes Scott , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Aushana Ashur , Mozharivskyj Yurij
Published: October 2011

La14Sb8O7C (I), La8.80Sb5(O,C)5 (II), La9Sb5O4C (III), Ho8.84Sb5(O,C)5 (IV), and Ho9Sb5O4C (V) are synthesized from mixtures of antimony, La2O3 or Ho2O3, and carbon powders (1000 °C, 48 h; annealing at 1400—1575 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetism of the Quasi‐1‐d K4Cu(MoO4)3 and the Structure of K4Zn(MoO4)3.
Authors: Menard Melissa C. , Ishii Rieko , Nakatsuji Satoru , Chan Julia Y.
Published: October 2011

Polycrystalline samples of the title compounds are prepared from K2CO3, MO (M: Cu, Zn), and MoO3 (pressed pellets, 480 °C, 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Jahn—Teller‐Distorted Dimeric Anions in (cat)[Mn2F8(H2O)2] ·2H2O (cat: pipzH2, dabcoH2) and (dabcoH2)2 [Mn2F8(H2PO4)2].
Authors: Rother Gerry , Stief Ronald , Bentrup Ursula , Massa Werner
Published: October 2011

The crystal structures of (II) and (IV) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermal Stability Studies of CaFe4As3.
Authors: Yi Tanghong , Dioguardi Adam P. , Klavins Peter , Curro Nicholas J. , Zhao Liang L. , Morosan E. , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: October 2011

The phase pure title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (Nb tube, 1173 K, 7 d) and characterized by powder XRD and thermal stability measurements in the temperature range of 298—1473 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of Benzophenone Schiff Base Glycine Esters in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Im Jin Kyu , Kim Dae Won , Cheong Minserk , Kim Hoon Sik , Mukherjee Deb Kumar
Published: October 2011

Chiral orthopalladate complex OPC in combination with a chiral ionic liquid CIL efficiently catalyze the phase‐transfer alkylation of glycine‐derived Schiff bases such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Taming Functionality: Easy‐to‐Handle Chiral Phosphiranes.
Authors: Ficks Arne , Martinez‐Botella Ivan , Stewart Beverly , Harrington Ross W. , Clegg William , Higham Lee J.
Published: October 2011

Chiral binaphthyl phosphiranes show enhanced thermal stability, are air‐stable, and are effective ligands in catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: PPh3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dicyano‐2‐methylenebut‐3‐enoates as Efficient Dienes in Catalytic Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Fu Dan , Shi Xiaomei , Wang Shoulei , Wang Rui
Published: October 2011

Twenty examples of the title reaction sequence are presented documenting the wide scope of possible substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Double Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphine Oxide.
Authors: Shimoda Yasushi , Kotani Shunsuke , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: October 2011

Under optimized conditions, a range of ketones reacts with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: New Monoterpene‐Derived Phosphinopyridine Ligands and Their Application in the Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation.
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio , Marchetti Mauro , Malkov Andrei V. , Friscourt Frederic , Swarbrick Martin E. , Kocovsky Pavel
Published: October 2011

A set of 11 new terpene‐derived ligands is investigated in Ir‐catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Iodine‐Mediated Electrophilic Cyclizations of Rigid Parallel Triple Bonds Mapped from 1,8‐Dialkynylnaphthalenes.
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: October 2011

Fluoranthenes, indeno[2,1‐a]phenalenes, and cyclopenta[a]‐ and pyrido[a]acenaphthylenes are prepared in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Benzylic Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite Using a New Efficient Catalytic System: TEMPO/Co(OAc)2.
Authors: Jin Can , Zhang Li , Su Weike
Published: October 2011

Various alkyl arenes are oxidized to the corresponding ketones and aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ester Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Ru‐CNN Pincer Complexes.
Authors: Sun Yunshan , Koehler Christian , Tan Runyu , Annibale Vincent T. , Song Datong
Published: October 2011

The title catalyst promotes the hydrogenation of unactivated esters under mild conditions and with excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Substitution of the Hydroxy Group with Highly Functionalized Nitrogen Nucleophiles Catalyzed by Au(III).
Authors: Ohshima Takashi , Nakahara Yasuhito , Ipposhi Junji , Miyamoto Yoshiki , Mashima Kazushi
Published: October 2011

The direct catalytic substitution of various allylic and benzylic alcohols with acid‐sensitive protected amine nucleophiles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: MCM‐41‐Supported Bidentate Phosphine Rhodium Complex: An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Olefins.
Authors: Hu Ronghua , Hao Wenyan , Cai Mingzhong
Published: October 2011

The catalyst can be recovered and recycled by simple filtration of the reaction solution.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Chloro‐2‐formyl Indenes and Tetralenes as Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Chanda Debabrata , Saikia Dharmendra , Kumar J. K. , Thakur Jay Prakash , Agarwal Jyoti , Chanotiya C. S. , Shanker Karuna , Negi Arvind S.
Published: October 2011

Synthesis and antitubercular activity are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Palladium Catalyst System for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Alkenyl Tosylates and Mesylates.
Authors: Wong Pui Yu , Chow Wing Kin , Chung Kin Ho , So Chau Ming , Lau Chak Po , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: October 2011

The catalyst system Pd(OAc)2/CM‐phos described, efficiently promotes the coupling of a wide variety (24 examples) of activated and non‐activated alkenyl tosylates as well as mesylates in the title reaction under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Esterification of Ritter Reaction: Chemo‐ and Regioselectivity from tert‐Butyl Methyl Ether.
Authors: Dawar Pankaj , Raju M. Bhagavan , Ramakrishna Ramesha A.
Published: October 2011

The process can yield methyl esters or a mixture of tert‐butyl and methyl esters depending on the temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of MT‐Sulfone to a Trifluoromethyl Group by IF5: The Application of an MT‐Sulfone Anion as a Trifluoromethyl Anion Equivalent.
Authors: Imagawa Yosuke , Yoshikawa Syuhei , Fukuhara Tadahito , Hara Shoji
Published: October 2011

The (methylsulfanyl)methyl tolyl (MT) sulfone moiety serves as a masked CF3‐group, which can be deliberated upon the reaction with IF5.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Spiro Macrocarbocycles via the Cycloalumination Reaction of Cyclic Alkynes and Alkadiynes.
Authors: D'yakonov Vladimir A. , Tuktarova Regina A. , Khalilov Leonard M. , Dzhemilev Usein M.
Published: October 2011

Treatment of cycloalkynes with AlEt3 is followed by reaction with bromomethyl methyl ether to afford 1‐methylidene‐2‐spirocyclopropane products.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction of 4‐Halogenated Masked o‐Benzoquinones with Electron‐Rich Dienophiles.
Authors: Surasani Seshi Reddy , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: October 2011

o‐Benzoquinone monoketals, generated in situ by oxidation of o‐methoxyphenols (I) in the presence of methanol, undergo Diels—Alder reaction with olefins (III) and dihydrofuran to give the endo adducts (IV) and (VI) selectively.