bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study on the First Face-to-Face Field Practicum Experience of College Student Majoring in Social Work after COVID-19
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Moon Hye Rin , Lim A Ri
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to explore the field practicum experiences of college students majoring in social work who experienced their first face-to-face field practicum after COVID-19. For the purpose of this study, the researchers conducted Focus Group Interview(FGI) by dividing 12 college students majoring in social welfare who conducted their first face-to-face field training after COVID-19 into 3 groups. Data collected through FGI were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The analysis results were as follows. First, during the practicum preparation process, the participants experienced a roller coaster-like application process and expectations and concerns prior to practicum. Second, during the practicum process, participants experienced ambivalence about task accomplishment, benefits gained through relationships, doubt about unsystematic practicum, and practicum life coexisting with COVID-19. Third, in the process of completing the training, the participants experienced personal growth, confidence in their career path, pride as a professional, and remaining regret. The study confirms that the experiences of social work college students during field training encompass a mix of positive and negative aspects, with positive relationship experiences being particularly significant. Recommendations are provided for practice and education to enhance the quality of social work field training.
A Delphi Technique Study of Concepts and Components of Independent Living for People with Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Park Jung Im
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to elicit the concepts and components of independent living for people with psychiatric disabilities through the Delphi technique. The expert panel consisted of social workers (N=20) with at least five years of experience practicing independent living support services to people with mental disabilities on the front lines of the community and conducted three Delphi technique surveys. All delphi technique survey was performed by e-mail. as a Result, the concept of independent living for people with psychiatric disabilities were 6 domains, which were health of body, mental health, daily living skill, residence and economic activities, the use of community resources and leisure use, protection of rights and interests. Also, the component of Independent living for people with psychiatric disabilities were 44 items. All items of the concept and component were average, construct validity ratio, consensus and convergence for validity verification were proper. Finally, practical and policy implications and recommendations for independent living for people with mental disabilities are discussed based on the results of this study.
The Effect of Parenting Attitudes Perceived by Adolescent with Their Achievement Motivation: The Dual Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Choi Hyeryung , Son Jaehwan
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to verify the correlation between adolescents’ perceptions of parenting attitudes, achievement motivation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Additionally, the study aims to confirm the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in the relationship between parenting attitudes and achievement motivation. To achieve this, an online survey was conducted with 222 adolescents in the Chungbuk region. After filtering out insincere and unsuitable questionnaire submissions, 202 valid responses were used for analysis. The collected data were processed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 18 software. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: Firstly, there were significant positive correlations between positive parenting attitudes, adolescents’ self-esteem, self-efficacy, and achievement motivation. Secondly, self-efficacy was identified as a mediator between parenting attitudes and adolescents’ achievement motivation. Thirdly, it was found that there exists a confirmed dual mediation effect of self-esteem and self-efficacy in the pathway between parenting attitudes and adolescents’ achievement motivation The implications of these findings are noteworthy, as they suggest the value of counseling and educational programs focused on enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, especially for adolescents with diminished achievement motivation due to parenting attitudes. The study concludes by discussing its limitations and offering recommendations for future research directions.
Effects of Mindful Parenting on Children’s Emotional Regulation in Early Childhood: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Parents’ Psychological Well-being
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Kim Eunjin
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to expand understanding of the effects of mindful parenting that contribute to their children’s emotional regulation by exploring the effects of mindful parenting in parents with 3 to 4-year-old children on children’s emotional regulation. To this end, based on previous studies, this study established a research model in which parents’ mindful parenting affects children’s emotional regulation by the mediation of parents’ psychological well-being, and verified the relationship between them using 376 children and their parents data set. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation analysis were conducted to analyze the data, and the SPSS PROCESS macro (v4.2) program was used to verify the mediation effect. The confirmed results are as follows. First, parents’ mindful parenting, psychological well-being, and children’s emotional regulation all showed positive correlations. Second, parents’ mindful parenting showed a significant indirect effect on children’s emotional regulation through parents’ psychological well-being. Based on the above results, the implications and suggestions of this study were discussed.
발달장애인 맞춤형 고등평생교육을 위한 현행 평생교육사의 자격 연계 활용 방략
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Kim Young Jun , Kwon Ryang Hee
Published: March 2024

본 연구는 발달장애인의 고등평생교육을 현실적으로 도입하기 위해 요구되는 주요 방략에 해당하는 현행 평생교육사의 자격개발경로와의 연계적 활용 사례를 탐색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 연구 방법은 질적 사례 연구의 차원에서 발달장애인을 위한 고등평생교육 유관 전문가들을 참여자로 선정하여 FGI를 사용하였다. 연구 내용은 발달장애인 맞춤형 고등평생교육의 도입에 따라 상호 수반되어야 할 전문인력의 자격이 현행 평생교육사의 자격개발경로와 어떤 절차로 연계될 수 있는가의 방략이 제시되었다. 연구 결과, 가장 먼저 발달장애인 맞춤형 고등평생교육의 도입을 위한 전문인력의 자격화 제도는 현행 평생교육사의 자격화 제도와 상호 통합 및 연계될 수 있다는 관점이 강조되었다. 그리고 이를 구체적으로 활용하기 위한 방략으로서 발달장애인의 고등평생교육 도입을 위한 전문인력의 자격 양성 경로, 자격 승급 경로, 자격 이수 경로가 제시되었다. 이와 관련하여, 현행 평생교육사 자격 기준의 연계 기반, 발달장애의 특수성 반영, 고용 및 자립 연계 기반 독립생활 지침, 발달장애인 유관기관 현장실습과정 체계화, 국가평생교육진흥원(NILE)의 감독관리 체제, 유관 자격 및 경력 허용, 이수 과목 구성 등이 하위 근거로 제시되었다.
Effects of Attachment Injury in Couples on Posttraumatic Growth: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Pyo Jung sun , Seo Mia
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of positive and negative emotion in the posttraumatic growth relationship of attachment injury between couples, and to find an intervention plan to improve posttraumatic growth. For this purpose, a survey was conducted from January to March 2022, and a total of 311 questionnaires were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programes. As a result of the study, First, attachment injury and posttraumatic growth showed a positive correlation, attachment injury and positive emotions showed a negative correlation, and attachment injury and negative emotions showed a positive correlation. Second, it was found that positive emotions and posttraumatic growth showed a positive correlation. Third, it was verified that positive emotion have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between attachment injury and posttraumatic growth. These findings suggested the need to improve posttraumatic growth by promoting positive emotions for couples who have experienced attachment injury. In addition, it can be seen that it provides theoretical and practical implications for marital relations improvement programs and marital counseling for couples with divorce choices and marital conflicts as adults in the life cycle.
Research progress of intestinal microbiota in targeted therapy and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Xinying , Zhao Yu , Zhao Rongchuan , Shafi Shaheryar , Yang Yue , Liu Guangxing , Liu Song-Bai
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is the third most common malignancy in the world. At present, the main treatment methods for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Regulation of the gut microbiota is one of the most promising new strategies for CRC treatment. Gut microbiota interacts with host cells to regulate many physiological processes, such as energy acquisition, metabolism, and immune responses. Recent studies have found that a combination of gut microbiota with targeted therapy and immunotherapy could improve the therapeutic effect of colon cancer compared with treatment alone. This article reviews the mechanism of microbiota regulation in CRC and the latest progress of intestinal microbiota in targeted therapy and immunotherapy of CRC, which is helpful in developing potential prevention or treatment strategies for colorectal cancer.
Direct aortic cannulation, a safe alternative to femoral artery cannulation - 17 years of type A dissection surgery experience
Authors: Somers Tim , Li Wilson W. L. , Jongenotter Jochem , Verkroost Michel W. A. , Verhagen Ad F. T. M. , Morshuis Wim J. , Smith Tim , Geuzebroek Guillaume S. C. , Heijmen Robin H.
Published: March 2024

Aim: Optimal cannulation strategy for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) surgery remains debated. Recent guidelines have advocated antegrade systemic perfusion through right axillary artery (RAX) cannulation, instead of femoral artery (FA) cannulation. However, RAX cannulation can be technically challenging and time-consuming. On the other hand, direct (ascending) aorta (DA) cannulation is a swift procedure that also ensures downstream antegrade flow. In this regard, we assessed whether DA cannulation is a safe alternative to FA cannulation.

Methods: Records of all patients undergoing ATAAD surgery between 2006-2022 at the Radboud University Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: In total, 281 patients underwent surgery for ATAAD during the investigated period. Three patients were excluded due to death before the start of extracorporeal circulation and four because of RAX cannulation. Of the remaining 274 patients, 53% (N = 145) received primary FA and 47% (N = 129) DA cannulation, with a success rate of 98% for both approaches. Surgical mortality (combined in-hospital and 30-day) was 9.9% (7.8% DA group vs. 11.7% FA group, P = 0.271). New permanent neurological damage was seen in 10.9% vs. 6.9% (P = 0.248), respectively. In multivariate analysis, cannulation strategies were not significantly associated with surgical mortality nor postoperative new permanent neurological damage.

Conclusion: DA cannulation offers a safe and fast alternative to FA cannulation in ATAAD surgery. There were no significant differences in mortality and neurological complications. Future studies should focus on the differences between RAX and DA cannulation strategies on postoperative outcomes in ATAAD surgery.
Hepatitis C in pregnant women and newborns
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Akimkin V.G. , Ponezheva Zh.B. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Omarova Kh.G. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shakhbanov I.T. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Goloverova Yu.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shabalina S.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

This review outlines the global incidence of hepatitis C among pregnant women. It describes the association between hepatitis C incidence and the quality of screening for hepatitis C. It also discusses the effect of hepatitis C on pregnancy and vice versa. There is a description of possible pregnancy complications related to hepatitis C, as well as the risk of vertical virus transmission to the fetus. We provide a management strategy for pregnant women infected with hepatitis C. We demonstrated that operative delivery does not reduce the risk of vertical transmission of hepatitis C. Key words: pregnancy, vertical transmission of infections, hepatitis C, newborn, complications, fetus
Current international and national clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults and children: an overview, criticisms, and applicability in real-life clinical practice
Authors:   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Zhuravleva M.S. , Sitkin S.I. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Bakulin I.G. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skazyvaeva E.V. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skalinskaya M.I. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Burlakova S.A. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both inpatients and outpatients, and an important cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. The article reviews the Clinical Guidelines of the American College of Gastroenterology and other relevant international and national guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of C. difficile infection in adults and children, and critically discusses their applicability in real-life clinical practice. Current algorithms for the diagnosis of C. difficile infection in adults and children are presented. The role and place of vancomycin, fidaxomicin, metronidazole, rifaximin, bezlotoxumab, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotics in the treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection are reviewed and discussed. The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of recurrent C. difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are specifically considered. Innovative methods for the prevention and treatment of C. difficile infection using probiotics and microbiome-based therapeutics may provide an effective and safe alternative to fecal microbiota transplantation. Key words: Clostridioides difficile infection, toxins A and B, binary toxin, vancomycin, fidaxomycin, metronidazole, rifaximin, bezlotoxumab, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease
Experience of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis D in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Authors:   Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Atmurzaeva D.T. , Ivanova M.R. ,   Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Nalchik, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

Objective. To study the results of the application of an innovative strategy for antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis D (CHD) in real practice. Patients and methods. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of bulevirtide, HBV and HDV entry inhibitor, in 8 patients with CHD: in monotherapy in 3 patients, combined therapy with peginterferon alfa in 5 patients. Results. High virological efficacy of both treatment regimens was demonstrated for 48 weeks: all patients on monotherapy, 4 of 5 patients on combination therapy achieved a virological response. The maximum decline in viral load was 5.8 log10 from baseline with monotherapy, 6.6 log10 with combination therapy. HDV RNA undetectable level was observed in all patients on combination therapy (in 2 patients – by week 12, in 1 – by week 24, in 1 – by week 36) and in 1 patient on monotherapy (by week 24). In 2 patients with undetectable HDV RNA level, the resumption of viremia was noted after interruptions in treatment, which emphasizes the need for adherence to treatment for the formation of a stable virological response. The tolerability of treatment was good, no serious adverse events, cases of withdrawal of treatment, deterioration of liver function in cirrhosis were reported. The number of white blood cells remained stable (3.2–3.4 × 109/l), the number of platelets decreased by week 24 from 104 to 83 thousand cells × 109/l, followed by self-recovery to the baseline by week 48. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the validity of the choice of an innovative strategy for antiviral therapy of HCD in real practice, indicate the high efficacy and good tolerability of bulevirtide in monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with CHD, including with compensated cirrhosis. Key words: bulevirtide, chronic hepatitis D, combination therapy, monotherapy, peginterferon, real practice
Development of Electronic Textbook for Accounting Learning Evaluation Course
Authors: Hakim Luqman , Wahjudi Eko , Widayati Irin , Pratiwi Vivi , Retnosari Dyah Silvian , Rafsanjani Mohamad Arief
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the process of developing electronic textbooks for accounting learning evaluation courses to improve the quality of learning in accounting education study programs. The study followed Research and Development (R & D) with the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The students of the accounting education program at Universitas Negeri Surabaya were involved in this research. The findings indicated that electronic textbooks for accounting learning obtained very good responses with very appropriate interpretation criteria according to students’ needs. For this matter, this product is expected to be an alternative teaching material for students to enhance material understanding, learning independence, and learning motivation in the online course process of accounting learning evaluation
The Grand Turk vs. Machiavelli: Understanding Turks in Early Modern Period from Botero's Perspective
Authors: Kalkan Mehmet Talha
Published: March 2024

In his treatise named "Della Ragione di Stato", Giovanni Botero criticized the issue of reason of state, which was attributed to Niccolo Machiavelli. In general, this concept was based on the idea that religion did not have a binding force for the states, and it was associated with the thought that it was more ideal for an emperor to prefer what was advantageous for himself instead of following the eternal verities of God and Christianity. However, Giovanni Botero suggested the idea that the concept of reason of state did truly exist, but he also believed that the concept was merely based on the codes presented by God, and, accordingly, by Christianity contrary to what Machiavelli believed. Giovanni Botero tried to support his thoughts on the ideal nature of a Christian emperor in his treatise by exemplifying the issue based on Turks. Thus, Turks contributed Giovanni Botero's insights on the ideal Christian emperor with their qualifications on state government, taxes, army structure and military government. The depiction of the "Grand Turk" described the ideal Christian emperor and provided the ideality of this figuration. More importantly, "The Prince" was transformed into "The Christian Prince" by Giovanni Botero.
The Effect of Group Guidance on Self-Management Techniques to Increase Students' Awareness of Time Management
Authors: Aisy Alya Rihhadatul , Dalimunthe Raudah Zaimah , Handoyo Alfiandy Warih
Published: March 2024

The Effect of Group Guidance on Self-Management Techniques to Increase Students' Awareness of Time Management. This research aims to determine the effect of group guidance using self-management techniques to increase awareness of time management among class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Menes for the 2023–2024 academic year. The population in this study was 90 students in class VIII at SMP Negeri 2 Menes. This research uses a pre-experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Through a non-probability sampling method, the purposive sampling technique. The pre-test results showed that out of a total of 90 students, 3 were in the very low category, 39 were in the low category, 37 were in the high category, and 4 were in the very high category. Treatment was given to 8 students during 8 meetings. The research hypothesis test was carried out using the Wilcoxon test. There is a difference between time management abilities before and after treatment is carried out through group guidance with self-management techniques. With N = 8, the Z value is -2.524b, and the result is an Asymptotic Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.012. This value is smaller than 0.05, which means the hypothesis is accepted (Ha). From the results of these calculations, it can be concluded that group guidance using self-management techniques can increase awareness of time management among class VIII students at SMPN 2 Menes for the 2023–2024 academic year.
Keywords: Group Guidance, Self Management Techniques, Student Awareness, Time Management
Analisis Crowdfunding Syariah Berdasarkan Prinsip Sharia Compliance pada Produk Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Makraja Fahmi
Published: March 2024

The presence of Financial Technology is a concrete manifestation of economic development in the digital era. One form of fintech development is the emergence of crowdfunding  which is accessed via an internet network connection. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of the sharia crowdfunding method from the point of view of sharia compliance in Indonesia. The method used in this study is qualitative by using an empirical juridical approach. The results of this study conclude that the application of the sharia crowdfunding method to real sector economic transactions is in accordance with sharia principles, meaning that the sharia crowdfunding  method is permissible according to Islamic law. The interrelated parties in this crowdfunding  are the organizers, initiators and investors or donors as well as the Sharia Supervisory Board as the supervisory institution for the implementation of sharia crowdfunding. The application of crowdfunding  in the development of Islamic banking products must be in accordance with sharia principles, namely avoiding the elements of magrib (maisir, gharar and usury). The development of crowdfunding -based fintech has grown rapidly in Indonesia so that special regulations are needed to regulate this so that unwanted things do not occur.
Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis Secondary to Lateral Meniscectomy
Authors: Marullo Matteo , Russo Antonio , Spreafico Andrea , Romagnoli Sergio
Published: March 2024

Background:

Meniscectomy, whether partial or total, is a common knee surgery, but it considerably increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Lateral meniscectomy has more severe consequences than medial meniscectomy, leading to faster OA progression and worse clinical outcomes. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a suitable treatment option for lateral OA and has demonstrated better outcomes than total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical and functional results, OA progression in the medial compartment, and implant survivorship following lateral UKA in patients with OA secondary to lateral meniscectomy and to compare these outcomes with those of patients who underwent lateral UKA for primary lateral OA.

Methods:

Between 2001 and 2017, 214 lateral UKAs were performed. Of these, 42 were performed for OA secondary to lateral meniscectomy. The control group was composed of patients who underwent lateral UKA for primary lateral OA and was formed through a 1:1 case-control matching process based on sex, age, body mass index, and operation date. The outcomes that were studied included range of motion, Knee Society Score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Score, Tegner Activity Scale, Forgotten Joint Score, visual analog scale for pain, OA progression in the medial compartment, and implant survivorship.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 10.2 years, both groups demonstrated significant improvements (p < 0.01) after lateral UKA in all clinical and functional scores except the UCLA Activity Score and Tegner Activity Scale. No significant differences in clinical and functional scores were found between the groups. However, patients with OA secondary to meniscectomy exhibited significantly less OA progression in the medial compartment (p = 0.035) and higher 10-year implant survival (97.6% versus 83.3%).

Conclusions:

Lateral UKA is an effective treatment option for OA secondary to lateral meniscectomy, providing excellent functional outcomes and survivorship. Patients with post-meniscectomy OA exhibited less OA progression in the medial compartment than patients with primary OA and, consequently, had better 10-year implant survivorship.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
[11C]MODAG 005 – a novel PET tracer targeting alpha-synuclein aggregates in the brain
Authors: Saw Ran Sing , Buss Sabrina , Schmidt Felix , Ryazanov Sergey , Leonov Andrei , Kuebler Laura , Bleher Daniel , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Roeben Benjamin , Schmidt Fabian , Reimold Matthias , Bonanno Federica , Grotegerd Ann-Kathrin , Ruf Viktoria , Dahl Bernadette , Sandiego Christine , Henry Kelly , Fehrenbacher Birgit , Schaller Martin , Kahle Philipp , Gasser Thomas , Brockmann Kathrin , Reischl Gerald , Fougère Christian la , Pichler Bernd , Maurer Andreas , Griesinger Christian , Giese Armin , Herfert Kristina
Published: March 2024

Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of brain inclusions containing the pathologically aggregated protein α-synuclein (αSYN). The development of a positron emission tomography tracer to detect aggregates of misfolded αSYN would revolutionize disease monitoring and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Here we present the development and preclinical in vitro and in vivo validation of [11C]MODAG-005. In vitro binding experiments demonstrate subnanomolar binding affinity to recombinant αSYN fibrils as well as to αSYN inclusions in human brain tissue. Specific binding in multiple system atrophy brain tissue was detected using autoradiography and microautoradiography, and was validated through immunostaining. In vivo, [11C]MODAG-005 shows good brain penetration, rapid clearance from brain tissue and low metabolite formation in rodents and non-human primates. In addition, a pronounced binding and a good signal-to-noise ratio were achieved in an αSYN fibril-injected rat model and in an αSYN(A30P) transgenic mouse model in correlation to the pathological load. To validate its value for therapy development, we show target engagement of the drug candidate anle138b in the brain tissues from αSYN(A30P) mouse and multiple system atrophy as well as in vivo in αSYN fibril-injected rats. Finally, our translational approach in a first-in-human patient with clinically established MSA, revealed a marked tracer binding in regions affected by αSYN pathology, particularly in the striatum, where the pattern corresponded with the neurodegeneration shown by dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography.
WITHDRAWN: Degradation of PET microplastic particles to monomers in human serum by PETase
Authors: Lopez-Lorenzo Ximena , Hueting David , Bosshard Eliott , Syrén Per-Olof
Published: March 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Closing the Gap between Evidence and Policy in Latin America: What Works?
Authors: Hawkins Darren , Beesley Celeste , Nielson Daniel , Lyne Mona , Morgenstern Scott , Garcia George , Walker Lindsey , Long Kaitlyn
Published: March 2024

Many governments and international organizations call for more efforts to integrate scientifically rigorous impact evaluations into policy streams, though government officials frequently self-report that they rarely engage such evidence (Newman et al. 2017; Migone and Brock 2017). Previous research has found that small “nudges” in communications content, style, or source can affect behavior in a wide variety of contexts (Thaler and Sunstein 2008). To test how nudges might impact bureaucrats’ willingness to engage with policy-relevant academic evidence, researchers sent email invitations to 130,000 public officials in Latin American countries with easily available names or contact information. This study probes engagement with a website designed to provide academic evidence in a convenient and accessible format. The study tests the effects of four treatment arms: nudges, messenger nationality, direct relevance of an example study, and saturation (the percent of bureaucrats invited from a given ministry). Results indicate that greater saturation had the strongest positive effects. Findings for messenger nationality were mixed: the Chinese researcher significantly decreased uptake generally, the Colombian appreciably increased engagement in Colombia, and the others had null effects. Motivational nudges had generally negative effects, and the relevant example made no significant difference. Broadly, these results suggest that encouraging the use of impact evidence is a difficult problem that is insensitive to most behavioral nudges but may be receptive to leveraging group dynamics.
Association Between Contextual Factors and Vaccine Coverage Against Human Papilomavirus in Adolescents in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Global Spatial Regressions
Authors: Luvisaro Bianca Maria Oliveira , Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues da , Gusmão Josianne Dias , Ferraz Marcela Lencine , Nascimento Luciana Maiara Diogo , Gomes Larissa Pereira , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to identify the associations of socioeconomic factors and the social environment with human papillomavirus vaccine coverage in adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil. This is an ecological study carried out with secondary data from 853 municipalities in the State of MG for female adolescents from 2014 to 2022 and male adolescents from 2017 to 2022 provided by the information system of the National Immunization Program. For spatial statistical analysis, spatial dependence and the presence of spatial clusters formed by municipalities with high and low coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine were evaluated. The first and second doses among male adolescents in most municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais were considered very low (< 50%) or low (≥ 50% to < 80%). Among female adolescents, the highest percentages were adequate (≥ 80%) or low (≥ 50% to < 80%). Socioeconomic factors, area factors and their interactions may influence vaccination against human papillomaviruses. The disparities found in this study related to vaccination coverage rates throughout the state of MG demonstrate the need to implement intervention actions aimed at this population to increase coverage and, consequently, reduce health problems such as cervical cancer.
Prenatal and Postnatal Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Immature Teratoma in the Gastric Wall: a case report
Authors: chen yijin , huang li , xiong wen
Published: March 2024

Background: Teratomas are germ cell tumors derived from three embryonic germ layers. Most of them are benign mature teratomas and are frequently observed in the sacrococcygeal region, gonads, and mediastinum, the occurrence of immature teratomas in the gastric wall is extremely rare.
Case summary: A 31-year-old pregnant woman's ultrasound at 36 weeks revealed a mass in the fetus's left mid-abdominal cavity. An immature teratoma originating from the stomach wall was suggested by neonatal CT and ultrasound scans. The neonate successfully underwent tumor excision, with pathology affirming the diagnosis.
Conclusions: Immature gastric teratomas are rare tumors with malignant potential. Their diagnosis leans heavily on ultrasonographic features and histopathology. The case highlights the diagnostic utility of prenatal ultrasound. Currently, total resection of the tumor is the recommended treatment.
Long-term dynamics of natural, vaccine-induced, and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a university hospital in Colombia: A cohort study
Authors: Caballero Nohemi , Monsalve Diana M. , Acosta-Ampudia Yeny , Fajardo Natalia , Moreno Sergio , Martínez Oscar , González-Uribe Catalina , Ramírez-Santana Carolina , Quintero Juliana
Published: March 2024

This prospective cohort study aimed to estimate the natural, vaccine-induced, and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2, alongside the immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 booster after the BNT162b2 primary series in healthcare workers in Colombia. IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies were measured in 110 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection or a BNT162b2 primary series. Humoral responses and related factors were explored in a subgroup (n = 36) that received a BNT162b2 primary series followed by a mRNA-1273 booster (2BNT162b2 + 1mRNA-1273), and T-cell responses were evaluated in a subgroup of them (n = 16). For natural immunity, IgG and IgA peaked within three months, declining gradually but remaining detectable up to 283 days post-infection. Neutralizing antibody inhibition post-infection was below positive range (≥ 35%) but exceeded 97% in vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity groups. Following 2BNT162b2 + 1mRNA-1273, IgG peaked 3–4 months post-booster, gradually declining but remaining positive over 10 months, with IgA and neutralizing antibodies stable. Age and blood group were related to IgG response, while obesity and blood type to IgA response post-booster. Autoimmunity and blood type B were associated with lower neutralizing antibody inhibition. There were no differences in T-cell responses according to prior infection. These findings provide long-term insights into the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.
Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Personalized Diabetes Treatment Strategies
Authors: Yang Hao , li jiaxi , liu siru , Liu Jialin
Published: March 2024

Object: This study aims to explore the application of a fine-tuned model-based outpatient treatment support system for the treatment of patients with diabetes and evaluate its effectiveness and potential value. Methods: The ChatGLM model was selected as the subject of investigation and trained using the P-tuning and LoRA fine-tuning methods. Subsequently, the fine-tuned model was successfully integrated into the Hospital Information System (HIS). The system generates personalized treatment recommendations, laboratory test suggestions, and medication prompts based on patients' basic information, chief complaints, medical history, and diagnosis data. Results: Experimental testing revealed that the fine-tuned ChatGLM model is capable of generating accurate treatment recommendations based on patient information, while providing appropriate laboratory test suggestions and medication prompts. However, for patients with complex medical records, the model's outputs may carry certain risks and cannot fully substitute outpatient physicians' clinical judgment and decision-making abilities. The model's input data is confined to electronic health record (EHR), limiting the ability to comprehensively reconstruct the patient's treatment process and occasionally leading to misjudgments of the patient's treatment goals. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of the fine-tuned ChatGLM model in assisting the treatment of patients with diabetes, providing reference recommendations to healthcare professionals to enhance work efficiency and quality. However, further improvements and optimizations are still required, particularly regarding medication therapy and the model's adaptability.
Management of Rotylenchulus reniformis in soybean using genetic and biological approaches
Authors: Loreto Rafaela Bueno , Silva Santino Aleandro da , Machado Andressa Cristina Zamboni
Published: March 2024

Rotylenchulus reniformis poses a significant threat to cotton crops in the Brazilian Cerrado, particularly when grown consecutively with soybeans. This nematode has not only become a concern for cotton but has also led to considerable damage in soybean crops, emphasizing the need for effective nematode control in both agricultural settings. The aim of this study was to combine genetic control with the application of biological nematicides, as seed treatment, to manage R. reniformis under greenhouse. Two soybean cultivars, TMG 4182 and Fibra, resistant and susceptible, were used and the biological nematicides used included Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum + T. asperellum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, and B. firmus. Inoculation with 800 R. reniformis occurred in the cotyledonary stage, with evaluations conducted at 72 and 76 days after inoculation for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Nematodes were extracted from the soil and roots, calculating the reproduction factor (RF). The combination of biological nematicides with resistant cultivars did not yield substantial benefits in controlling reniform nematode in soybean but safeguarding resistant cultivars through the application of chemical or biological nematicides is important to mitigate inoculum pressure on resistance genes. In addition, biological nematicides evaluated in this study did not improve soybean plant development and we concluded that managing reniform nematodes in soybean necessitates the integration of diverse control measures to effectively address the challenges posed by this nematode's impact on crops.
YOLO-Granada: A Lightweight Attentioned Yolo forPomegranates Fruit Detection
Authors: Zhao Jifei , Li Yi , Guo Dawei , Fan Yuqian , Wu Xiaoying , Wang Xinfa , Almodfer Rolla
Published: March 2024

Pomegranate is an important fruit crop that is usually managed manually through experience. Intelligent management systems for pomegranate orchards can improve yields and address labor shortages. Fast and accurate detection of pomegranates is one of the key technologies of this management system, crucial for yield and scientific management. Currently, most solutions use deep learning to achieve pomegranate detection, but deep learning is not effective in detecting small targets and large parameters, and the computation speed is slow; therefore, there is room for improving the pomegranate detection task. Based on the improved You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) algorithm, a lightweight pomegranate growth period detection algorithm YOLO-Granada is proposed. A lightweight ShuffleNetv2 network is used as the backbone to extract pomegranate features. Using grouped convolution reduces the computational effort of ordinary convolution, and using channel shuffle increases the interaction between different channels. In addition, the attention mechanism can help the neural network suppress less significant features in the channels or space, and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention mechanism can improve the effect of attention and optimize the object detection accuracy by using the contribution factor of weights. The average accuracy of the improved network reaches 0.922. It is only less than 1% lower than the original YOLOv5s model (0.929) but brings a speed increase and a compression of the model size. and the detection speed is 17.3% faster than the original network. The parameters, floating-point operations, and model size of this network are compressed to 54.7%, 51.3%, and 56.3% of the original network, respectively. In addition, the algorithm detects 8.66 images per second, achieving real-time results. In this study, the Nihui convolutional neural network (NCNN) framework was further utilized to develop an Android-based application(app) for real-time pomegranate detection. The method provides a more accurate and lightweight solution for intelligent management devices in pomegranate orchards, which can provide a reference for the design of neural networks in agricultural applications.
Incorporation of ZnO into CrNi coatings for enhanced solar absorption and corrosion protection for renewable energy development
Authors: Soliman Hanaa , Rayan Diaa , Hamdy Abdel Salam
Published: March 2024

The search for costs reduction for renewable energies through parameters optimization is among the priorities in manufacturing technology. In solar collectors, high absorption in low emittance represents the main performance parameter during the characterization of the absorber films. This article provides in-depth study for the co-deposition of Cr and Ni doped by ZnO coatings and their influence on the surface protection correlating it with the absorption of the produced surfaces. Electrodeposition technique was used for the synthesis of selective surfaces based on black chrome absorber films on cupper substrate. Corrosion testing was performed in 3.5Wt % NaCl aqueous solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization tests. Results showed that Cr+Ni+ZnO composite film on Cu exhibited a significant improvement over traditional Cr film, such as surface smoothness, corrosion resistance, bending resistance and high solar absorption.
Evaluation of nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for pulmonary Tuberculosis: experience from a tertiary hospital in southwestern China
Authors: Jiang Ling , Xin Junqiu , Liang Lijun , Xia Mingqiang , Li Jiyao , Tong Jingfeng , Huang Chengchen , tongxin Li
Published: March 2024

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry based on nucleotide (nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. A retrospective study was conducted on suspected PTB patients admitted to Chongqing Public Health Medical Center between May 2021 and January 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the curve (AUC) values of nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS as well as smear microscopy, Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube 960 culture (MGIT 960 culture), and Xpert MTB/RIF were calculated and compared. Total of 343 presumed PTB cases were enrolled. Overall, using the clinical diagnosis as reference, the sensitivity and NPV of nucleotide MALDI-TOF MSwas 71.5% and 43.1%, respectively, significantly higher than smear microscopy (22.6%, 23.2%), MGIT 960 culture (40.6%, 18.9%), Xpert MTB/RIF (40.8%, 27.9%). Furthermore, nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS also outperformed over Xpert MTB/RIF and MGIT 960 culture on smear-negative BALFs. Approximately 50% and 30% of patients benefited from nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS compared with smear and MGIT 960 culture or Xpert MTB/RIF, respectively. This study demonstrated that the analysis of BALF with nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS provided an accurate and promising tool for the early diagnosis of PTB.
Extracellular vesicles from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells modulate macrophage phenotype during acute and chronic cardiac inflammation in athymic nude rats with myocardial infarction
Authors: Amaro-Prellezo Elena , Gómez-Ferrer Marta , Hakobyan Lusine , Ontoria-Oviedo Imelda , Peiró-Molina Esteban , Tarazona Sonia , Ruiz-Saurí Amparo , Selva-Roldán Marta , Vives-Sánchez Rosa , Sepúlveda Pilar
Published: March 2024

Background/aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether MSC-EVs could promote a pro-resolving environment in the heart by modulating macrophage populations.
Methods: EVs derived from three independent biopsies of DP-MSCs (MSC-EVs) were isolated by tangential flow-filtration and size exclusion chromatography, and were characterized by omics analyses. Biological processes associated with these molecules were analyzed using String and GeneCodis platforms. The immunomodulatory capacity of MSC-EVs to polarize macrophages towards a pro-resolving or M2-like phenotype was assessed by evaluating surface markers, cytokine production, and efferocytosis. The therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs was evaluated in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model in nude rats. Infarct size and the distribution of macrophage populations in the infarct area were evaluated 7 and 21 days after intramyocardial injection of MSC-EVs.
Results: Lipidomic, proteomic, and miRNA-seq analysis of MSC-EVs revealed their association with biological processes involved in tissue regeneration and regulation of the immune system, among others. MSC-EVs promoted the differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages towards a pro-resolving phenotype, as evidenced by increased expression of M2 markers and decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of MSC-EVs in rats with AMI limited the extent of the infarcted area at 7 and 21 days post-infarction. MSC-EV treatment also reduced the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages within the infarct area, promoting the resolution of inflammation.
Conclusion: EVs derived from DP-MSCs exhibited similar characteristics at the omics level irrespective of the biopsy from which they were derived. All MSC-EVs exerted effective pro-resolving responses in a rat model of AMI, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation associated with AMI.