bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the World Health Organization’s Patient Care Indicators in Outpatient Department Dispensing at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors:   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Sanjithakrishna S. , Liyanaarachchie L.C.P.T. ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Krishnananthalingam Dilakshana ,   University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Bagyawantha N.M.Y.K. ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed good dispensing practices (GDPs) to standardize the performance of pharmacists. Hence, they can be used as indicators to assess the quality of dispensing services. Evaluating the quality of dispensing is pivotal in improving dispensing practices in a healthcare institute. The objective of this study was to assess the adherence of outpatient department (OPD) pharmacists to WHO’s patient care indicators. This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted at the OPD pharmacy of the Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics review committee, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Eight pharmacists named A to G in the OPD were evaluated using a checklist by a single observer for about 10 dispensing cycles assessing average dispensing time, percentage of patients’ knowledge of correct dosage, percentage of drugs adequately labelled, and percentage of drugs dispensed resulting in the observation of 78 dispensing cycles. Patient knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire administered post- dispensation. These assessments were carried out in the real dispensing environment at the OPD, and the results were influenced by multiple factors in the dispensing environment. The average dispensing time was 41.8 sec. Pharmacist A showed the highest dispensing time (55.7 sec) and pharmacist E showed the lowest dispensing time (31.0 sec). The percentage of drug knowledge among the patients varied between 50.0% to 65.0%. All the pharmacists adequately labelled the drugs during the dispensation except pharmacist A (68.9%). Pharmacists B and C dispensed 100.0% of prescribed drugs. While adherence to certain WHO patient care indicators such as drug labelling and dispensing percentages were satisfactory, the average dispensing time and patient knowledge were below WHO recommended standards. Keywords: WHO patient care indicators; Dispensing time; Dispensing cycle; Quality of dispensing
The Impact of Bittern and Gliricidia on the Growth of Chili Plants in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Senavirathne H.M.R.Y. , Gunasekara Nupun ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Priyadarshani S.V.G.N. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Gammanpila H.W. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Due to its unique spiciness, Capsicum annuum, Chili is an economically valuable crop in high demand in global and local markets. It belongs to the Solanaceae family. This study investigated the effect of Bittern and Gliricidia sepium, Gliricidia plant leaf extract pulp as a complete organic multi -nutrient low-cost fertilizer. Vermi wash and Albert’s Solution were used as inorganic and organic treatments to analyze the effect on Chili plant growth and development. This experiment observed suitable fertilizer treatment for the bittern solution to complete nitrogen deficiency and generate complete organic fertilizer. This study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 13 Treatment groups and 1 controlled group. Treatments were carried out for 10 weeks. Chili plant growth was analyzed using data for vegetative growth parameters, height, stem width, leaf count, and leaf area. Bittern 25% complex with Gliricidia sepium leaf extract pulp treated plants were the firstinitiating branching, second tallest plants (25.5 cm) with secondary branching was observed. Bitt ern 25%, Gliricidia sepium leaf extract pulp with Albert’s solution also signifi cantly showed the highest results on growth, tallest plants (28.5cm), the highest number of leaves, Branching & secondary branching. Analyzing results identified suitable bittern concentration with organic complex for optimal plant growth. Pot plant treatments should increase with growth stages to prevent nutrient deficiencies and optimize growth and development. Statistical analysis used One-way ANOVA and Microsoft Excel. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; Organic fertilizer; Bit- tern; Gliricidia sepium; Vegetative growth parameters
Assessment of ICU Nurses’ Knowledge and Identifying Barriers in Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adult ICUs: A Study at the National Hospital, Kandy
Authors:   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Weerasinghe I.G.T.J. , Srimali U.H.I. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Herath H.M.A.N. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Andarawewa M.R.B.S.S. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Shopijen E. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Priyanthi W.N. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Critical care services are costly, and the patients with indications for prolonged intubation are highly vulnerable to Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), which prolongs their hospital stay and raises the cost of treatment. In Southeast Asia, the prevalence of VAP ranges between 16.2% to 74.2%, with the mortality rate of 30 %. This study aimed to assess Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses’ knowledge of VAP and identify the barriers in VAP prevention at the settings of adult ICUs in National Hospital Kandy. A descriptive crossctional approach was used, and data were collected from 132 nurses working in different Intensive Care Units from July 24 to July 30, 2023. Knowledge and practices regarding VAP prevention were identified through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Results indicated that a significant number of nurses (73.48%) possessed good knowledge on VAP bundle and 25% were aware of radiological changes related to VAP. Additionally, poor knowledge regarding cleaning and the changing frequency of ventilator circuits were identified among nurses, as 13.64% and 1.32% were knowledgeable in those areas respectively. Most ICU nurses adhered to the established infection control practices (86.36%), while some barriers were identified, including low visitor’s adherence to infection control, inadequate staffing and the absence of laminar airflow in ICUs. Despite the challenges all the ICU nurses expressed willingness to engage in VAP preventive strategies, and 93.2% of them were seeking further education. In conclusion the findings from this study emphasize the need for training and improved support for VAP prevention in ICUs. Keywords: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia; Intensive Care Unit; Critical Care Nursing; Barriers
The Ethical Consequences of Artificial Intelligence in Countering Cyber Speech: Combining Effectiveness with Maintaining Human Rights
Authors:   LLB (Hons) Law, Staffordshire University, Godigamuwa Ashini Hansika
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers tremendous potential and difficult moral dilemmas in the fight against cyber speech, including hate speech, disinformation, and cyberbullying. This study looks at the two requirements that must be met to protect civil rights and successfully combat harmful online speech. By showcasing developments in deep learning algorithms, natural language processing, and automated moderation tools, it explores the potential of AI systems to identify, regulate, and lessen harmful online behavior. The ethical implications of AI in moderating online debate are rigorously examined in this paper, with particular attention paid to issues with biases, privacy, and freedom of speech. AI creates concerns about data exploitation and spying. It may also over-censor or misinterpret context, which puts permissible expression at risk of being unfairly suppressed. Additionally, AI systems have the power to amplify and perpetuate preconceptions, resulting in biased judgments that affect marginalized communities. Through an analysis of case studies and statutes, the study seeks to strike a balance between the need to preserve fundamental rights and AI’s ability to make online places safer. It promotes a plan that upholds justice and human dignity by fusing technical advancements with strict moral standards and open governance.
Keywords: Cyber Speech; Artificial Intelligence; Civil Liabilities; Privacy Concerns; International Cooperation; Legislatives
Commercializing Intellectual Property Rights Owned by Universities of Sri Lanka
Authors:   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka, Thewahettige Thushini
Published: January 2025

In the context of modern business and innovation theories, the management of Intellectual Property Rights (Referred to as “IPO”) can be considered of utmost importance. Furthermore, it can be argued that the commercialization of these rights is a significant step among the mechanisms employed in the management of IPR. Commercialization can be defined as the process of bringing intellectual property to the market with the aim of generating future profits and fostering business growth.1 Sri Lankan universities are rich in intellectual properties; therefore, it is essential to transform these assets into business opportunities to develop the country’s economy. This study explores the significance of commercializing IPR owned by universities in Sri Lanka, with a focus on the role it plays in the nation’s economic progress.
Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights; Commercialization; universities
Influence of Mimosa pigra-Based Bio Ferti lizer on the Sensory Properti es of MI-2 Chili Peppers (Capsicum annum)
Authors:   University of Vavuniya, Sri Lanka, Bandara T.M.M.P.S , Madhushani K.G.S ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of Mimosa pigra-based bio fertilizers on the sensory properties of MI-2 chili pods (Capsicum annum). Utilizing Mimosa pigra-based bio fertilizers, this research examines how organic farming practices influence the sensory quality of MI-2 chili pods. The organic fertilizer was formulated by cutting Mimosa pigra into small pieces prior to its flowering stage and allowing them to decompose fully in a pit over a period of six months. The experiment was conducted using a randomized but complete block design, comprising four distinct treatments and nine replicates each. The first treatment consisted of a fertilizer mixture incorporating Mimosa pigra (MP). The second treatment combined Mimosa pigra with calcium carbonate (MP+C). The third treatment included a combination of Mimosa pigra and inorganic fertilizer (MP+IF). Additionally, a negative control (NC) treatment was included for comparative purposes. Each pot mixture was prepared using a combination of garden soil, goat manure, and sand at a 2:2:1 ratio. After comparing sensory ratings across the treatments using ANOVA, post-hoc tests were performed with significance defined at p < 0.05. The mean scores with 95% confidence intervals were used to present the results. A group of fifty participants joined in a sensory evaluation that evaluated the taste, color, texture, odor, and overall acceptability of the mixture using a 5-point hedonic scale. When compared to other treatments, chili pods treated with MP biofertilizer were rated as having the best overall acceptance (p = 0.02) and taste (p = 0.03). Pods from the MP+C, MP+IF and NC ferti lizers are among the most preferred in term of colour and texture. More importantly, the overall acceptability of the chili pods grown with the MP fertilizer was found to be the most preferred by the study participants. Also, the findings aim to enhance our understanding of the role of sustainable agricultural practices in shaping food quality and maintaining the cultural relevance of chili peppers in culinary traditions. Keywords: Hedonic scale; Mimosa pigra; Organic fertilizer; Questi onary survey
Awareness, Attitudes, and Behavior toward Breast Cancer Screening Measures Among Female Teachers
Authors:   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Athukorala A.D.M , Wijesinghe W.A.S.M ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Hatanarachchi H.A.W.S ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Wickramasinghe P.C ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, De Silva D.K.M ,   University of Colombo, Sriyani K.A ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer (BC), the most common cancer in women globally, significantly impacts on health. Early detection through breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography is crucial for reducing mortality. This study examines awareness, attitudes, and behavior toward BC screening among female schoolteachers in Giriulla Educational Zone, Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 female teachers, aged 22-55, using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. With a response rate of 93.7% (225 teachers), most participants were aged 41-50 (38.2%), and 81.3% were married. About 45% held bachelor’s degrees. Awareness was notable: 53.1% knew about CBE, and 23.8% knew about mammography, but 65.5% were unaware of recommended examination start ages. Although 97.3% recognized the importance of screening, 68% hesitated toward BSE. Behavioral engagement varied, with 53.8% practicing BSE monthly, but CBE and mammography were underutilized (78.2% and 98.2%, respectively). The study highlights the need for enhanced awareness and education initiatives among female schoolteachers to address knowledge gaps and promote practical engagement in screening measures, crucial for early detection and reducing BC mortality rates. Keywords: Breast cancer; clinical breast examination; Self-breast examination; mammography, female schoolteachers
Green Synthesis, Characterization of Cu Nano Units and Evaluation of Anti bacterial Properties towards the Bacterial Blight Control in Anthurium andraeanum Lind under In-vitro and In-vivo Conditions
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Wanaguru Sanka , Peiris Colin N. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Peiris Sriyani E. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Jayasinghe Sehan ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Most types of metal nanoparticles exhibit anti bacterial properties. Copper nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) within bacterial cells, initiating a cascade of events that lead to bacterial cell death. In this study, copper nano units (Cu NUs) were synthesized through green synthesis method using anthurium leaf extract toward the control of bacterial blight disease in Anthurium andraeanum cv ‘Rainbow’ plants. Synthesized Cu NUs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Anti bacterial properties of 30, 50 and 100 ppm of Cu NUs against Xanthomonas sp. which cause bacterial blight in anthurium plants were studied under in- vitro conditions using well diffusion test. Moreover, anti bacterial properties of said NUs were studied at in-vivo levels by spraying Cu NUs at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 ppm on bacterial blight infected anthurium cv ‘Rainbow. According to SEM and TEM analysis, synthesized NUs remained within size of 25.36 ± 12.55 nm length and 16.18 ± 3.75 nm width exhibiting a polygonal shape. In well diffusion test, opti mized 30 ppm concentration of Cu NUs formed an inhibition zone with a diameter of 20.6 ± 0.94 mm. In comparison, the anti biotic sulfamethoxazole (positive control) formed an inhibition zone with a diameter of 26.3 ± 0.47 mm. At in-vivo level, 200, 100 and 50 ppm all three concentrations were able to control disease in 90% of treated plants within 5, 6 and 7 weeks respectively. Overall, this research highlights the potential of Cu NUs as an effective alternative for controlling bacterial blight disease in anthurium cv ‘Rainbow’. Keywords: Copper nano units; Anti bacterial properties; Bacterial blight disease control; Xanthomonas spp. Bacteria; Anthurium andraeanum
Recollecting Adolescent Experiences of Individuals Having a Sibling with Down’s Syndrome: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Ranwala Wathsala , Fernando Thilakshi ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Adolescence is a crucial life stage marked by an individual’s transition into adulthood. Contrary to those with typically developing siblings, individuals who have a sibling with Down Syndrome (DS) follow a unique trajectory of life experiences associated with their sibling’s condition. Yet, this is an area unexplored in Sri Lankan scholarly research. The present study attempts to address this research gap by exploring adolescent experiences of having a sibling with DS; as recalled by adults. The study was conducted qualitatively, utilising semi-structured interviews. Data collected was analysed using thematic analysis. The sample consisted of six participants who were adults, had a sibling with Down Syndrome, and were fluent in English and/or Sinhala. Three main themes emerged addressing adolescent experiences attributed to the DS sibling, in terms of; the nature of the sibling relationship, family dynamics, challenges and coping with social support. Respective sub- themes highlight several details. Parents and siblings gradually adapted to the individual with DS, resulting in close familial relationships. Participants also illustrated how the sibling relationship shaped them as individuals. Parental differential treatment and future caregiving responsibilities were expressed as challenging, along with societal discrimination and stigmatization. However, social support through extended family and peers helped cope with such challenges. Conclusively, adolescent experiences of having a sibling with DS constitute both favourable and challenging aspects, influenced by many individual-specific and environmental elements. Keywords: Siblings; Down Syndrome; Adolescence
Development of Time Series Model to Predict Daily Gold Price
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Gayashan W. A. K. , Dayarathna A. K. G. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Rajakaruna R. W. M. A. P. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Perera T. J. N. ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Peiris T. S. G ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Gold is ancient and one of the most precious and popular commodities in the world. Gold price forecasting is critical in financial decision-making, providing valuable information for investors in the gold market, sellers of gold items and stakeholders. Not much studies have been carried out in to forecast daily gold prices of Sri Lanka. The aim of this paper is to forecast the daily gold price rate (Rupees/troy ounce) using data from 2nd January 2018 to 14th June 2024 published by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The best fitted model was identified as ARIMA (1,1,1) + ARCH (2). The model was trained using data from 2nd January 2018 to 31st May 2024 and validated using data from the 3rd of June 2024 to 14th of June 2024. The model was statistically tested using standard statistical procedure and errors were found as white noise. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for the training data set and validation data set were 0.748% and 1.002% respectively. The validation confirmed that the ARIMA (1,1,1) + ARCH (2) model effectively captures the dynamics of gold price movements, offering robust predictive power. These results indicate that the model is highly accurate and reliable for forecasting, making it a valuable tool for financial institutions and investors aiming to predict market trends and make informed investment decisions. Keywords: gold price rates; ARIMA models; Forecasting
Environmental Literacy of Junior Secondary Students in Sri Lanka
Authors:   National Institute of Education, Sri Lanka, Vinoharan Agalya , Vinoharan Veerapathirapillai ,   University of Vavuniya, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Human development without considering the impact on the environment has created numerous global issues, prompting policymakers to prioritize environmental protection. As environmental issues became pressing concerns, the importance of environmental literacy among citizens has gained recognition. Environmental literacy embodies a multifaceted understanding, awareness, and active engagement of addressing environmental challenges, encompassing knowledge, skills, attitudes, motivation, and responsibility towards fostering ecological balance, sustainable development, social justice, and nurturing environmentally conscious citizens and communities. A study was conducted to identify the environmental literacy skills of junior secondary students in Sri Lanka. A pragmatic, deductive, quantitative survey design was followed, and a sample of 816 students was selected using the stratified random sampling method. The Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey (MSELS) instrument was adopted for data collection. The study revealed that junior secondary students exhibit a low level of environmental literacy at 39.7%, with medium scores observed for ecological knowledge (61.5%) and issue identification (59.8%), and notably lower scores for other skills such as action planning (38%), verbal and actual commitment (37.6%), environmental sensitivity and feeling (25.2%), and problem-solving and prediction (15.3%). These findings highlight the imperative for Sri Lankan junior secondary curricula to prioritize environmental literacy skills and adopt a more practical approach to teaching and learning. Modifications to pedagogical strategies are essential to enhance proficiency across all the areas of environmental literacy. Keywords: environmental literacy; junior secondary students; environmental issues
Token Economies and Behavioural Change: An Evaluation of Their Effectiveness on Male Children in Sri Lankan Child Development Centers
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Ponnamperuma Lakmal , Godamunne Pavithra ,   University of Kelaniya, Hegoda Arachchi Rasika ,   National Child Protection Authority
Published: January 2025

Children residing in Sri Lankan Child Development Centers often confront a multitude of emotional and behavioural challenges, due to traumatic experiences such as abuse, neglect, and loss and the socioeconomic problems such as poverty. These difficulties are exacerbated by the institutionalized environment, leading to heightened vulnerability and an increased risk of developing long-term mental health issues. This study investigated the impact of a token economy intervention (star-chart) on conduct problems, emotional difficulties, and prosocial behaviours among male children residing in two Sri Lankan Child Development Centers. Employing a repeated measures design, 27 children aged 6-14 years were assessed using the Sinhala version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) before and after one-month token economy implementation. Results demonstrated the efficacy of the token economy system in reducing behavioural issues and fostering prosocial behaviours. The findings underscore the potential of this intervention within childcare settings and advocate for longitudinal research to evaluate long-term effects. Keywords: token economy; star-chart; conduct problems; prosocial behaviours; Child Development Centers.
Enhancing Brand Experience, Attitude, and Purchase Intention through AI: Examining Customer Engagement and E-Commerce Usefulness
Authors:   Ibn Zohr University, kingdom of Morocco, AARAB Fatima , NASSER Malika  AIT , R'GUIBI Abdellah , NOUHI Noureddine ,   Ibn Zohr University-Agadir, kingdom of Morocco,   Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal- Kingdom of Morocco,   Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech- Kingdom of Morocco
Published: January 2025

In today's consumer landscape, experiences and memories are gaining greater value, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence technologies. This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence on brand attitude, brand experience, and purchase intention, while exploring the mediating role of customer engagement on social media and the moderating influence of perceived usefulness of e-commerce. Data were collected from 3,320 employees associated with Moroccan brands. The findings reveal a significant mediating effect of customer engagement on social media in the relationship between artificial intelligence technology and the outcomes of brand attitude, brand experience, and purchase intention. Additionally, the study highlights the substantial moderating role of perceived usefulness of e-commerce in enhancing the relationship between artificial intelligence technology, brand experience, and purchase intention. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of consumer behavior and provide practical value for organizations, social media strategists, and policymakers.
Meio técnico-científico-informacional e logística de última milha
Authors: Lima Fernanda Laize Silva de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo busca discutir os efeitos da logística de última milha na cidade de São Paulo, observando principalmente as estratégias adotadas pelas grandes empresas para as entregas de mercadorias em favelas. A metodologia adotada incluiu revisão bibliográfica, análise de dados secundários, a partir da Pesquisa de Origem e Destino de Cargas da Companhia de Engenharia e Tráfego de São Paulo (2015), relatórios e sites corporativos e institucionais, revistas especializadas em logística e matérias de jornais, além de observações e coleta de dados in loco. Como resultados da pesquisa, constata-se que as empresas estão intensificando seus esforços para expandir suas operações logísticas, desenvolvendo estratégias adaptadas às particularidades das favelas.
Nota: Lançamento do livro “Agrotóxicos e Colonialismo Químico” em Campinas
Authors: Teramatsu Gustavo
Published: January 2025

A nota registra a sessão de lançamento do livro Agrotóxicos e Colonialismo Químico (Elefante, 2023), da geógrafa Larissa Mies Bombardi, em Campinas, no dia 2 de agosto de 2024, com comentários sobre o contexto de sua publicação e sua repercussão.
Новые представления о химизме образования молибденовых гетерополикислот некоторых 3-х, 4-х и 5-ти валентных элементов в разбавленных водных растворах (обзор)
Authors: Айриян Э. Х. , Мирзоян Ф. В. , Карапетян А. А. , Оганян Н. А. , Мирзоян Л. А. , Багдасарян Л. А.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье представлен широкий спектр результатов работ за многие годы по исследованию синтеза молибденовых гетерополикислот в разбавленных водных растворах некоторых 3-х, 4-х и 5-ти валентных элементов в зависимости от центрального комплексообразователя, кислотности среды и кинетики образова-ния. Впервые были изучены реакции взаимодействия молибденовых гетерополи-кислот с основными красителями различных рядов в зависимости от кислотности среды, от концентрации молибдена (VI), от маскирующих агентов и природы красителя. Было установлено, что в разбавленных водных растворах присутствуют гетерополикислоты различных по молибдену рядов, которые в зависимости от природы красителя и условий образования комплексных ассоциатов, могут обра-зовывать соли различных основностей.
Աշխատանքում ամփոփվել են մեր խմբի կողմից երկար տարիներ հետազոտված մի շարք եռավալենտ, քառավալենտ և հնգավալենտ տարրերի մոլիբդենային հետերոպոլիթթուների ստացման ուսումնասիրության արդյունքները՝ կախված կենտրոնական կոմպլեքսագոյացնող տարրի բնույթից, միջավայրի թթվայնությունից և առաջացման ժամանակամիջոցից (կինետիկայից): Առաջին անգամ ուսումնասիրվել են ստացված հետերոպոլիթթուների փոխազդեցության հնարավորությունները տարբեր շարքերի հիմնային ներկանյութերի հետ՝ կախված միջավայրի թթվայնությունից, ներկի, Mo (VI)-ի կոնցենտրացիայից, մոլիբդատի ավելցուկը քողարկող նյութերի բնույթից: Փորձնականորեն հաստատվել է, որ նշված տարրերի մոլիբդենային հետերոպոլիթթուները կարող են առաջացնել փոփոխական բաղադրության կոմպլեքսային ասոցիատ-ներ՝ ըստ հիմնայնության և մոլիբդենային շարքերի:
This paper presents a wide range of results from many years of work investigating the synthesis of molybdenum heteropolyacids in dilute aqueous solutions of some 3-, 4- and 5-valent elements as a function of the central complexing agent, the acidity of the environment and the kinetics of formation. The interaction reactions of molybdenum heteropolyacids with basic dyes of different series were studied for the first time depending on the acidity of the environment, on the concentration of molybdenum (VI), on masking agents and on the nature of the dye. It was found that in dilute aqueous solutions there are heteropolyacids of various molybdenum series, which, depending on the nature of the dye and the conditions for the formation of complex associates, can form salts of different basicities.
The Nexus Between AI Self-Efficacy and Attitude Towards AI of University Students in Davao City as Moderated by Sex
Authors: Guipitacio Jerlan Anthony D. , Aleman Angelo Vincent B. , Bonsubre Cleofe Margarette , Galleto Jessie Mar T. , Tapere Bruce Nolan B. , Caballo John Harry , Caangay Ria Bianca
Published: January 2025

This study quantitatively explores how sex moderates the relationship between AI self-efficacy and attitudes toward AI among university students in Davao City, Philippines. Data were obtained online via google forms using tailored questionnaires, with respondents chosen using stratified random sampling. The measurement model was tested for validity and reliability, and the constructs were defined using descriptive statistics. To evaluate the suggested moderation model, a moderation analysis was conducted using smartpls 4.0’s standard bootstrapping technique. The results showed that the constructs were valid and reliable, with university students exhibiting modest levels of ai self-efficacy and attitude toward ai. Furthermore, the study found that sex had a significant moderating role in the relationship between AI self-efficacy and attitude toward AI.
Editorial
Authors: Alabdulwahhab Khalid
Published: January 2025

From Editor’s Desk…

The number of dengue fever infections in Central and South America has nearly tripled to a record high this year, despite Egypt being proclaimed malaria-free after a century of efforts, according to the Pan American Health Organization. Malaria is as old as Egyptian civilization, but the disease that plagued pharaohs is now part of its history, said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

At the same time, another viral outbreak caused by the Oropouche virus from the Peribunyaviridae family was reported in August 2024, and three more countries and one territory (Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, and the Cayman Islands) reported confirmed Oropouche virus disease in the Americas in 2024. Furthermore, imported Oropouche cases have been documented in Canada, the United States, and other European countries.

The Region of the Americas, which includes ten different nations and one territory; Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, and the United States of America has reported 634 11 confirmed Oropouche cases as of November 25, 2024, including two confirmed fatalities.

In light of the region beginning arbovirus season, WHO advises vulnerable nations to improve entomological and epidemiological surveillance as well as population prevention efforts. This is important because of the virus›s geographic spread and potential novel vectors and routes of transmission, including vertical transmission, which might impact vulnerable populations like unborn children, pregnant women, and their fetuses.

Dr. Khalid Mohammed Alabdulwahhab
Editor in Chief
Integrating Genomic Medicine into Public Health: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements, Challenges, and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Chauhan Chandar , Khunger Arjun , Lachyan Abhishek , Choudhary Kshitij , Aloona Shivani
Published: January 2025

This review explores the integration of genomic medicine into public health, with a focus on advancements, challenges, and ethical considerations. The objectives included understanding disease predisposition, enhancing diagnostics, and optimizing treatment plans to improve population health outcomes. This review evaluates current literature, case studies, and ongoing public health genomics initiatives, such as the Genomic England 100,000 Genomes Project, to assess successful integration strategies and identify barriers to implementation. Genomic advancements, such as precision medicine, demonstrate considerable potential in personalised healthcare. However, challenges remain, particularly concerning accessibility, high costs, and ethical issues like privacy, informed consent, and genetic discrimination. Addressing these issues requires the development of comprehensive governance frameworks. The successful integration of genomics into public health will depend on interdisciplinary collaboration, investments in education, equitable access, and ongoing research. Ethical governance frameworks and active community engagement are essential for ensuring responsible genomic integration and achieving positive health outcomes.
The effectiveness of English Grammar Teaching in Iraqi Intermediate Schools
Authors: Al Awadi Iman Hameed Faraj
Published: January 2025

Grammar plays an essential role in language teaching. The present paper aims to clarify the role of Grammar in language teaching and the different approaches to teaching Grammar. It intends to illustrate the best approach which can be used in teaching grammar at schools. It describes, compares, and contrasts approaches and methods to teach Grammar by showing the main principles of each approach. It also aims to identify the grammatical difficulties that intermediate students face and the causes of these problems. Students' issues have been explained by identifying and analyzing the different types of mistakes they commit to specify the reasons behind committing them.
Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate the strategies and solutions to tackle this problem. The data in this research has been collected from 30 students in one of the Iraqi intermediate schools. By surveying the most common errors students may commit, we can tell what is the best approach to avoid these errors.
Regulation of Electronic Fundraising in the Donation Based Crowdfunding System
Authors: Candra Dewi Komang Ayu , Mahendrawati Ni Luh Made , Mahaputra IB Gede Agustya
Published: January 2025

Based on the 2021 World Giving Index report, the world charity Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) placed Indonesia first on the list of generous citizens. This is influenced by the increasingly rampant development of social fundraising based on electronic systems. However, in its development, it is not separated from a problem, the fact of misappropriation of funds that have been donated. The legal issue raised in this study is related to the lack of norms regarding the regulation of electronic fundraising in the donation based crowdfunding system. The problems raised in this study are: a) what are the legal arrangements related to licensing in the implementation of electronic social fundraising in the donation based crowdfunding system? b) What is the form of accountability of electronic fundraising organizers to campaigners and donors in Indonesia? This research uses a type of normative legal research, the approach used in solving problems is through the approach of laws and regulations and the approach of analyzing legal concepts. The results of the study show that the regulations on the implementation of social fundraising in Indonesia are no longer sufficient in regulating the current development of philanthropic activities, as well as the extent of the form of legal responsibility of parties involved in organizing electronic fundraising in the donation based crowdfunding system. So that regulations related to the implementation of social fundraising need to be reviewed in terms of law to be able to provide guarantees and legal protection to the community.
INTEGRATION OF SENSORIAL PROPERTIES IN
CREATIVE PROCESS DESIGN
Authors:   University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Department of Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design, Splaiul Independentei st., No. 313, sector 6, RO-060042, Bucharest, Romania, Nicolau (Avramescu) Ana-Maria , Petcu Petruţa ,   University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Department of Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design, Splaiul Independentei st., No. 313, sector 6, RO-060042, Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2025

Visualize the levers, the tracks to improve the experience of people by questioning each of the activities and / or tasks performed. In a product development strategy, it is highly important to identify the opportunities for improvement and innovation. We highlight the importance of identifying what people do, think and feel. The focus is on the user’s actions and emotions before, during and after the observed life situation. Identifying obstacles and problems encountered by people during their interactions with products or services is a crucial step in a product innovation project. We have shown that projecting oneself in the place of people in order to better understand their needs and behaviour is an important step. Acquire as much knowledge as possible about the life context of the future product: what, where, when, how and with whom? Imagine and propose innovative solutions respectful of individuals and nature. The idea book is a collection of the project team’s thoughts. Each team member can create their own idea book. The idea book brings together all the creative ideas explored by the project team. Its materialization is completely free. Our approach makes it possible to guide design projects in a responsible philosophy that makes sense for the design team and targeted people.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK USING MICROSOFT HOLOLENS 2 TO IMPROVE MENTAL WORKLOAD AND TASK PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Che Muslim Muhammad Aiman , Aziz Faieza Abdul ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Rani Nadia Abdul ,   Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

The potential of Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) applications to enhance learning and comprehension of complex laboratory procedures is being explored in this study. The research investigates the effectiveness of MR and AR applications in conducting experiments on electro-pneumatic systems and assesses the cognitive workload involved. The experiment utilized Microsoft HoloLens 2 and tablets for the electro-pneumatic component. Participants were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) with 30 participants in each group to conduct paper-based instruction experiments, AR experiments, and MR experiments. The NASA Task Load Index was employed to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of MR and AR applications in the electro-pneumatic system experiments. The results indicated that 70% of participants preferred MR over AR due to its provision of clearer instructions with holographic guidelines. Furthermore, the interpretation of the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores revealed that MR-based applications exhibited the lowest mean mental workload value compared to AR applications.
CYBERNETICAL TWINNING OF MACHINE TOOLS
Authors:   “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, Department of Manufacturing Engineering
Domnească Street 111, 800201 – Galaţi, Romania, Frumuşanu Gabriel , Epureanu Alexandru ,   “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, Department of Manufacturing Engineering
Domnească Street 111, 800201 – Galaţi, Romania
Published: January 2025

The recent cybernetic technologies allow both the informational connection among the machine tools operating across the globe, and the cloud storage of data obtained by them through monitoring. The paper challenge is to develop an original concept - namely the cybernetical twinning - which, if applied to machine tools, leads to bringing their architectural design into agreement with these opportunities. According to it: i) The machine-tool architecture includes two twin entities, each of them accomplishing the same given task, ii) One of the twins accomplishes the task through a decisional process, while the other - through a physical process, and iii) The two twins drives and controls each other, during task fulfillment. After defining the task description and accomplishment, the machine tool twins are described through their roles, functions, inter-connection, twin reciprocal driving and control. A functional block diagram of the cybernetical twinned machine-tool is also included. The here introduced concept can be seen as an effective tool helping to make the best decisions regarding the manufacturing tasks accomplishing, without substantial efforts. At the same time, the cybernetical twinning implementation can also support the machine tools producers, by delivering priceless information about machines behavior in diverse contexts.
ANALYSIS OF FRACTURE THROUGH TENSION AND TORSION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL
Authors:   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, Number 41, zip code 700050, Huțanu Gabriela , Andrușcă Liviu ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, Number 43, zip code 700050, Popa Mihai ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, Number 41, zip code 700050, Manole Vasile ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, Number 41, zip code 700050, Știrbu Ioan ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Department for Teacher Personnel Training, Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, Number 67, zip code 700050, Cimpoeșu Nicanor ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, Number 41, zip code 700050
Published: January 2025

Stainless steels have many applications at industrial scale and are used more and more for functional parts. In part of them tensile and torsion forces are applied and fracture can occur. Structural analysis of 316L steel was made after fracture through tensile and torsion of the samples. Torsion force was from both sides equally applied using a patented dispositive. Scanning electron microscopy (2D and 3D SEM), optical microscopy (LOM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate the fractures obtained through tensile and torsion. The results reveal the appearance of two or three areas in the fractures of the steel with different grain orientations or extraction holes. We are discussing marine steel type 316 that is expecially used for the marine area, exposed at an extremely corrosive saline environment. After torsion tests it was observed that in the homogeneous structure in terms of chemical elements there are areas where there are Cr and Mn carbides that generate the appearance of microcracks.
WEAR STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF DIPS COOLING FOR MACHINING INCONEL 718 WITH CERAMIC INSERTS
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machine Technology,
Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, Dyrbuś Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Traditional methods of machining Inconel 718 alloys using conventional cooling cause a significant decrease in tool life, so the research attempted to determine how the use of cryogenic cooling will affect the machining. The article contains the results of experimental research, the main goal of which was to determine the possibility of using DIPS dry ice cooling for machining difficult-to-machine materials. The research involved comparing of the tool life for three types of cooling system: conventional cooling with oil emulsion, cryogenic cooling with CO2 using - Dry Ice Powder System (DIPS) and CCA (Cooled Compressed Air). Inconel 718 alloy was used as the machined material. The research methodology consisted in determining tool wear curves and determining tool life for various cooling methods. Tool wear symptoms and types of chips that appeared during machining with the tested tool inserts were also compared. The tools used for the tests were SiALON KYS30 cutting inserts from Kennametal and ceramic SEC-W Whisker-reinforced cutting inserts from Genicore. The tests were carried out for rough turning. The results showed a decrease of tool life for DIPS cooling compared to oil emulsion cooling, during Inconel 718 rought turning, therefore the tests should be extented for another group of processed materials. e.g., for hardened steels, or for another cases of machining e.g. finishing turning.