bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
المفارقة في شعر فضل خلف جبر ( ديوان من أجل سطوع الذهب ) أنموذجاً
Authors: عيسى سهيل صالح
Published: October 2024

يشير مفهوم المفارقة Paradox   إلى الأسلوب البلاغي الذي يكون فيه المعنى الخفي في تضاد واضح مع المعنى الظاهري، وكثيراً ما تحتاج المفارقة الى تأمّل وتبصّر عميق للوصول الى التعارض، وكشف دلالات التعارض بين المعنى الظاهر والمعنى الخفي الغاطس في اعماق النص وفضاءاته البعيدة .
    أن للمفارقة وظيفة مهمة في الأدب بشكل عام والشعر بشكل خاص، فهي في الشعر تتجاوز اللفتات الخفية وشد الانتباه، بل تمتدّ الى إنشاء التوتر الدلالي في القصيدة عبر التضاد في الأشياء، الذي قد لا يأتي فقط من خلال الكلمات الغريبة والمثيرة في السياق، بل عبر خلق الامكانيات البارعة في توظيف مفردات اللغة العادية واليومية داخل الخطاب الشعري، ويتجلّى ذلك واضحاً في شعر فضل خلف جبر وفي ديوان من أجل سطوع الذهب الذي اخترته نموذجاً للدراسة حيث يمتلئ الديوان بالمفارقات الشعرية وتبادل المعنى وتضادّه بين طيّات البيت الواحد والقصيدة الواحدة، والمفارقة هي العنصر الأساسي الذي اتكأت عليه نصوص الديوان في إنتاج دلالتها العامة ، والعلامة الفارقة التي تلاحظها حين تقرأ الديوان والتي تدلّك على مواطن لمسات الجمال في شعره واستخدامه للمفارقة في شدّ القارئ وجذبه الى منطقة الاهتمام وعدم الخروج بلا حصيلة من الأبيات الشعرية التي يقرأها، ومواطن الجمال التي استخدم فيها الشاعر المفارقة كثيرة جدا في الديوان حاولت لمس أطرافها ورسم الطريق لمن يأتي بعدي محاولاً سبر أغوار الديوان والخوض في جمالياته .
Alienation and Capitalist Society in Arthur Miller's “Death of a Salesman”: A Marxist Reading
Authors: Almaaroof Ansam Riyadh , Jubair Malak Salam
Published: October 2024

The present paper deals with one of the top three most notable tragedies in American history is considered to be “Death of a Salesman”. It premiered in 1949, vividly demonstrating an instinctive insight into society. Arthur Miller, the playwright, emphasized that the play should reflect not just the psychological and subjective world of the characters but also the actual, complex social reality. It has effectively captured the pathos of a typical American salesman. The study aim  to shed light on Loman's private drama by examining it through the lens of societal issues, thereby illuminating the play's economic context and inner history. This method is timely because it addresses the central contradictions and inequalities that sustain and deepen under capitalism. The study seeks to enrich our understanding of the dangerous impact of the capitalist system on the working class and how it affects them and makes them alienated. This study depends on the original play script rather than others' ideas and recognizes the fusion of Marxism's effect on the play through closely reading the text. The findings that reached after studying Miller’s play is that the materialistic world can be seen as the dominating one and its negative impact mentally and physically on the Lomans.
Subtitling of Jordanian Culture-Specific Expressions in “The Alley” Movie
Authors: Al-Harahsheh Ahmed Mohammad , Alhourani Sarah Attalah
Published: October 2024

This study investigates and describes the subtitling strategies used in subtitling Jordanian culture-bound expressions in the Jordanian Movie The Alley. In addition, it examines whether the subtitling was Source text oriented or target text oriented, i.e. if the subtitler sacrificed the cultural meanings at the expense of conveying the message to the target audience. The study relied on subtitling strategies of culture-bound expressions suggested by Baker (1992). The sample of the study consisted of 120 authentic examples that are extracted from the movie, only 26 examples were used to avoid repetition. The subtitling was appropriate in most cases and in a few cases, it was not. The most applied strategy in subtitling the movie was translation by paraphrase using a related word with 43.3%, and the least was translation by omission with 1.6%. Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation was not used by Netflix subtitler. In addition, the analysis showed that the translation was target-oriented rather than source-oriented. The study concluded that the subtitling was appropriate and served the target audience.
A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC ASSESSMENT OF ARABIC TRANSLATION QUALITY OF SELECTED SHAKESPEAR'S HAMLET'S RIDDLES
Authors: HUSSEIN JUMA'A QADIR
Published: October 2024

Translating riddles may be regarded as a problem that encounters a translator, especially in a literary text; then, the quality of the translation may hinder the reader’s comprehension of the target text. The problem arises when the target text lacks a humorous effect on readers, hence it is less relevant to the target language. Therefore, this descriptive qualitative study aimed to assess the translation quality of riddles from English into Arabic from a relevance-theoretic perspective. According to relevance theory, translation quality is determined by searching for and achieving the optimal relevance between the target and the source text. Thus, the translation of riddles is considered a process for reaching optimal relevance of humour in the riddles between the source text and the target audience. To this end, five sample riddles were selected from Shakespeare's Hamlet and two versions of Arabic translations of this play, Jabra Ibrahim Jabra and Khalil Mutran. The findings showed Jabra’s translation achieves a more powerful communicative effect with less cognitive effort than Mutran's, meaning that it is more effective in maintaining explicit and implicit content. Mutran’s translation, though creative, is less effective in understanding the meaning of the target text as the reader exerts more cognitive effort with less communicative effect. This means that trying to fit one's target language conventions to the source language conventions would decrease the relevance of the source text to the target one and would not maintain the explicit and implicit content of the source text.
شعرية المكان المعادي عند شعراء الأندلس
Authors: فيصل ابتهال عبد الكريم
Published: October 2024

أدرك الإنسان منذ القدم الدور المتميز للمكان وعلاقته بوجوده، وأصبح من أهم العوامل المؤثرة في حياته وأدى دورا أساسيا تاركا آثاره بالرفض ؛ لأن المكان من أهم العناصر التي يوجه إليها الإنسان مشاعره سواء أكانت مشاعر ألفة أم مشاعر معادية فهي تخضع للوضع الفكري والنفسي الذي يعاني منه الإنسان ، زيادة على ذلك فإن الموقف من المكان متأت من قيمة المكان وما يثيره من أحاسيس ومشاعر في وعي الشعراء بوصفهم أكثر الناس حساسية تجاه البيئة المحيطة ، والموقف من المكان بالنسبة للشاعر يعطي رؤية كاملة عنه وما يختلج في نفسه من أحاسيس وما يعانيه من مشاعر تجاه ذلك المكان واتخذ من الشعر وعاء يسكب فيه تلك المشاعر والأحاسيس المتولدة من المكان (مطلك،1987،90) وقد اختلفت مواقف الشاعر تجاه المكان ، وهذا الاختلاف ما هو إلا نتيجة رؤية الشاعر للمكان وطبيعة العلاقة بين كل منها ، هذه الرؤية للمكان يمكن أن تكون رؤية إيجابية متمثلة بالألفة لذلك المكان وقد تكون سلبية متمثلة بالعدائية أو العيش في حالة غربة تجاه مكان ما وكل هذه المواقف والرؤى تحدد لنا بشكل واضح موقف الشاعر للمكان.
Problems of Translating English Compound-Complex Sentences into Arabic
Authors: Hasan Batool Mohsen , Hasan Najat Abdulrahman
Published: October 2024

The study focuses on problems encountered by translation students when translating English compound-complex sentences into Arabic. It explores their structure, their components, and the appropriate way of translating them with the preservation of the same structure and meaning into the TL. The study hypothesizes: 1) compound-complex sentences can be found in English and Arabic. 2) Such structures are problematic for  students when translating them into Arabic. 3) Vinay& Darbelnet’s translational model is applicable in translating compound - complex sentences. The study presents a comprehensive theoretical explanation on compound-complex sentences in both English and Arabic. Then, (3) English compound-complex sentences have been selected from different English grammar books and handed over to (20)  undergraduate 4th stage students at the Department of Translation_ College of Arts_ University of Mosul, to handle the task of translating these sentences into Arabic. Their translations were analyzed syntactically and semantically by adopting Vinay& Darbelnet’s translational model(1958/1995) as well as Catford’s classification of translation-shifts (1965); in order to detect the difficulties and problems encountered in translating the sentences; thus, it’s a qualitative study. The study concludes that:1) compound-complex sentences are found in English and Arabic, 2) such sentences are problematic for students when translating them into Arabic either by the difficulty of identifying their parts, making unnecessary shifts, or adopting inappropriate strategy during the translational process that affect their translation accuracy, syntactically and semantically. 3) Vinay& Darbelent’s translational model is applicable to translating compound-complex sentences by adopting literal translation procedure within direct translation strategy. Based on that, the study is classified as a descriptive one.
Pendampingan Peramalan Penjualan Produk pada Usaha Mikro Cemilan Cepuluh Kampung Karang Kandal
Authors: Nurjanah Rina , Andriyani Meli , Nurastuti Preatmi , El Muiz Najmi Tsania , Rukoyah Siti
Published: October 2024

Penjualan merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dalam kegiatan operasional suatu usaha. Perkembangan usaha dapat dilihat dari hasil penjualan yang dilakukan, oleh karenanya penjualan menjadi hal yang dibutuhkan dalam keberlanjutan usaha terutama pada usaha mikro. Agar dapat meningkatkan penjualan, tentunya suatu usaha perlu melakukan perencanaan bisnis. Perencanaan bisnis meliputi perencanaan keuangan, sumber daya manusia, serta pemasaran. Dalam peningkatan penjualan dibutuhkan perencanaan dengan mengetahui perkiraan penjualan di masa depan. Penyusunan forecast penjualan pada mitra diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mitra dalam berfikir logis dan analitis untuk dapat mempertahankan usahanya. Tujuannya agar forecast penjualan yang dibuat dapat membantu mitra dalam mengelola persediaan serta dapat menentukan pemasok dan pembiayaan, yang pada akhirnya mitra dapat mengambil keputusan strategis. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pada pemahaman mitra atas perhitungan peramalan penjualan, dibuktikan dengan hasil peramalan penjualan yang disusun oleh mitra secara mandiri. Kegiatan pendampingan diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan pada materi lainnya yang mendorong peningkatan kompetensi mitra.
Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Petani Mangga Gedong Gincu melalui Pelatihan Pemasaran Digital dan Penguatan Identitas Merek (Branding)
Authors: Umyati Sri , Dinar Dinar , Tifani Aaz Azamudin , Zakiyyah Siti Sofyatun
Published: October 2024

Mangga gedong gincu merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di Kabupaten Majalengka. Salah satu wilayah yang menjadi sentra mangga gedong gincu di Kabupaten Majalengka adalah Kecamatan Jatitujuh. Produktivitas mangga gedong gincu di kecamatan ini cenderung stabil setiap tahunnya. Namun, petani di lokasi sentra budidaya seringkali dihadapkan dengan beberapa permasalahan klasik pada saat panen raya tiba. Banyak buah mangga yang belum dapat termanfaatkan dengan maksimal terutama untuk mangga reject. Pengolahan mangga gedong gincu saat ini masih sangat terbatas dan masih perlu inovasi pengembangan produk. Maka untuk itu, perlu dilakukan kegiatan yang dapat mengarahkan petani untuk dapat mengembangkan keterampilan pengolahan produk, kemampuan manajemen kelompok, dan keterampilan pemasaran produk guna meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga petani di lokasi tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian kali ini diarahkan pada pemasaran produk yang berbasis digital dan penguatan identitas merek (branding). Minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan kedua hal tersebut mendorong tim pengabdian untuk melakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan digital marketing dan penguatan identitas merek. Jika masyarakat paham akan pentingnya kedua hal tersebut, maka ini diharapkan dapat mendorong motivasi masyarakat untuk dapat mengaplikasikannya terutama untuk bisnis pengolahan mangga gedong gincu. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan mulai dari tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi akhir. Hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan menunjukan peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat petani akan pentingnya digital marketing dan penguatan identitas merek. Hal ini tercermin dari antusiasme masyarakat untuk mencari informasi sendiri terkait digital marketing maupun penguatan identitas produk setelah kegiatan ini dilakukan serta dimilikinya akun-akun pemasaran produk mangga gedong gincu.
Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms to Study the Relative Importance of Macroeconomic Variables on Foreign Trade in Iraq
Authors: Muayad ibrahim Hassan , N. Yousif Ali , A. Shyaa Methaq
Published: October 2024

International trade is considered the central link in the complex system of contemporary international economic relations. It links all countries of the world in a unified economic system whose goal is to address economic problems at the international level through developing productive capacity, expanding employment opportunities, and enhancing the flow of production factors between countries to achieve economic growth. Our study aimed to clarify the considerable impact of some macroeconomic variables (exchange rate, gross domestic product, public spending, foreign direct investment) on foreign trade in Iraq and to determine the degree of relative importance of the macroeconomic variables affecting foreign trade in Iraq. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach by collecting data related to the study for the period from 2003 to 2020 and then analyzing the data obtained through artificial neural networks.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E MEIO AMBIENTE: UM OLHAR A PARTIR DA JUSTIÇA SOCIOAMBIENTAL
Authors: Brito José Artur Tavares de
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo busca analisar e elucidar sobre a perspectiva de um ideal de Justiça Social e Justiça Ambiental relacionados à busca de alternativas para o processo de Globalização neoconservadora que desfigura o ser humano e a natureza. Identificou-se que o neoliberalismo é a face mais perversa do capitalismo porque leva a pauperização da classe trabalhadora e a destruição do meio ambiente comprometendo a vida na terra. Constata-se que não há saída dentro do modo de produção capitalista porque sua base, seu único sentido e sua dinâmica é a exploração, lucro e acúmulo. Para fazer face a esse desafio e afirmar a dignidade humana e os direitos da natureza – “Mãe Terra/Casa Comum” – a alternativa são os Movimentos Sociais que lutam para a manutenção e aprimoramento da Justiça Socioambiental no desafio de promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável referidos na Agenda 2030 da ONU que tem como um dos objetivos erradicar a fome e garantir a segurança alimentar para todos e todas. À luz da Carta Encíclica ‘Laudato Si’, reflete-se sobre o diálogo ecumênico e a conversão como caminho de uma ecologia integral, baseada numa espiritualidade libertária em que a “cultura do cuidado” para com toda a criação propicie uma coexistência harmônica entre o ser humano e a natureza.
Identifikasi Hambatan Pelaksanaan Evidence-Based Nursing oleh Perawat
Authors: Indra Rani Lisa , Saputra Bayu , Sandra Sandra , Rasyid T. Abdur
Published: October 2024

Penerapan evidence-based nursing (EBN) merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan dengan menerapkan hasil penelitian terbaik dalam melaksanakan perawatan pada pasien namun pelaksanaannya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hambatan pelaksanaan EBN oleh perawat. Penelitian deskriptif dilakukan terhadap 49 orang perawat di ruang rawat inap surgikal pada satu rumah sakit pemerintah di Kota Pekanbaru. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert. Data dianalisis secara univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menemukan hal utama yang menjadi penghambat penerapan EBN adalah banyaknya pasien yang harus dirawat (69,4%), kurang lancar berbahasa inggris (61,2%), kurangnya waktu untuk mempelajari penelitian (53,1%) dan kurangnya pengetahuan perawat tentang perawatan berbasis bukti ilmiah (51%).  Beban kerja dan aspek personal menjadi penghambat dalam pelaksanaan EBN oleh perawat, mungkin perlu dilakukan perhitungan beban kerja kembali sehingga distribusi perawat menjadi lebih baik dan pertimbangan untuk melaksanakan pelatihan terkait EBN untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan praktik EBN oleh perawat.
Tocopherol: «bearing posterity»
Authors: РАЗУМОВСКИЙ Н.
Published: October 2024

Удовлетворение потребности коров в витамине Е способствует повышению молочной продуктивности, нормальному воспроизводству, а также улучшению обмена веществ в организме взрослых животных и молодняка.
Sodium sulfate during the period of increasing the milk yield
Authors: СЕХИН А. , СУРМАЧ В. , ПРЕСНЯК А. , ДЕШКО С.
Published: October 2024

Восполнить дефицит серы в кормосмеси для коров в раннюю фазу лактации можно путем включения в комбикорм сульфата натрия в качестве минеральной подкормки. Использование серосодержащей добавки позволяет не только увеличить валовой надой молока и содержание в нем сухого вещества, молочного жира, белка и лактозы, но и повысить рентабельность производства при снижении себестоимости продукции.
دور التصميم الجرافيكي في إدارة المخاطر والأزمات
Authors: محمد محمد عبدالعزيز
Published: October 2024

في سياق إدارة المخاطر، يُشير مصطلح “المخاطر” إلى حالات عدم اليقين المحيطة بالأحداث المستقبلية، ويمكن أن يكون له تأثير إيجابي أو سلبي. يهدف إدارة المخاطر إلى تحديد وتقييم المخاطر وتحديد أولوياتها وتخفيفها لتقليل التأثير السلبي المحتمل. يعد استخدام إدارة المخاطر أمرًا لا غنى عنه. فمن المستحيل تنفيذ أي مشروع دون مواجهة مخاطر قد تؤثر على سير المشروع. يشمل ذلك الظروف والمواقف والتهديدات غير المتوقعة. إدارة المخاطر تهدف إلى تحليل هذه العوامل واتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشأن كيفية معالجة المخاطر أو الاستجابة لها أو التخفيف منها.  في عالم الفن، إدارة المخاطر تلعب دورًا حيويًا في تحقيق الإبداع والنجاح. يمكن تلخيصها في بعض النقاط المهمة: التجربة والابتكار: عندما يخوض الفنان مشروعًا جديدًا، قد يواجه تحديات ومخاطر مثل عدم اليقين حول قبول الجمهور أو تكاليف الإنتاج. إدارة هذه المخاطر تمكنه من التجربة والتطور، حيث يمكن أن تساعد إدارة المخاطر الفنانين على استكشاف أفكار جديدة وتجارب مبتكرة. التسويق والتوزيع: يمكن أن تكون إدارة المخاطر مفيدة للفنانين الذين يسعون لتسويق أعمالهم من خلال تحليل المخاطر المحتملة فيما يتعلق بالتوزيع والتسويق، وبالتالي يمكن للفنان أن يتخذ قرارات استراتيجية تعزز فرص نجاح أعماله. التعاون والشراكات: سواء كانوا فنانين آخرين أو مديرين أعمال، يمكن أن يقلل من المخاطر ويفتح أبوابًا للفرص الجديدة، حيث ان الفنان قد يكون معرضًا لمخاطر مثل عدم النجاح في العمل الفردي. إن دمج "إدارة المخاطر" بـ "الفنون الجميلة" يبدو تحديًا مثيرًا للاهتمام. على الرغم من أن القسمين يبدوان متناقضين في البداية، إلا أن هناك بعض التلاقيات التي يمكن استكشافها، مثل أي مشروع آخر، يمكن استخدام إدارة المخاطر لتحديد المخاطر المحتملة في تنفيذ مشروع فني، وقد تشمل الأعمال الفنية مواد خطرة أو إجراءات خطرة. يمكن لإدارة المخاطر مساعدة الفنانين في تحديد هذه المخاطر واتخاذ الإجراءات الوقائية المناسبة، اما في مجالات مثل العروض المسرحية أو الحفلات الموسيقية، يمكن لإدارة المخاطر أن تساعد في تقدير المخاطر المتعلقة بالعروض المباشرة، مثل الإصابات الجسدية أو الحوادث التقنية، و كذلك تشمل الممتلكات الثقافية الثمينة، مثل اللوحات الفنية أو المقتنيات التاريخية، يمكن استخدام إدارة المخاطر لحماية هذه الممتلكات من الضياع أو التلف، بالاضافة الى استخدام إدارة المخاطر لتقدير المخاطر المحتملة في استراتيجيات التسويق للأعمال الفنية، والتفكير في كيفية التعامل معها بشكل فعال.
Evaluating the Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Cross-reactivity of Lateral Flow Immunoassay Xylazine Test Strips
Authors: Scott Lena , Davis Katherine , Park Ju , Majeed Saman
Published: October 2024

Background The rise of xylazine-adulterated substances poses significant public health risks due to its severe side effects and this pressing concern calls for reliable xylazine detection methods. Lateral flow immunoassay-based xylazine test strips (XTS) have emerged as a potential harm reduction tool for quick, easy, and field-based drug checking but their effectiveness remains underexplored. Although commercial XTS from multiple vendors are available, the absence of regulatory standards raises concerns regarding their accuracy and effectiveness. Method This study evaluated the performance of commonly used commercially available XTS from different vendors to investigate the inter-product comparison of sensitivity, precision (reproducibility and robustness), cross-reactivity, and stability over changes in pH and extended storage under ambient and extreme temperature conditions. Results All test strips demonstrated effective sensitivity, and reproducibility and maintained their efficacy despite changes in urinary pH and storage temperatures over six weeks. Interfering compounds including lidocaine, levamisole, ketamine, methamphetamine, diphenhydramine, promethazine, and cetirizine displayed varying degrees of cross-reactivity with different XTS. Conclusion This study highlights the variability in performance among commercially available XTS, with implications for their use in harm reduction and forensic settings. While XTS can detect xylazine in low concentrations, the potential for false positives due to cross-reactivity with other drugs necessitates caution in their interpretation. Hence, xylazine test strips may serve as a viable harm reduction tool, provided that their cross-reactivity limitations are thoroughly documented and they are incorporated as part of a broader harm reduction strategy.
Simulated conformality of atomic layer deposition in lateral channels: the impact of the Knudsen number on the saturation profile characteristics
Authors: Gonsalves Christine , Velasco Jorge , Yim Jihong , Järvilehto Jänis , Vuorinen Ville , Puurunen Riikka
Published: October 2024

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is exceptionally suitable for coating complex three-dimensional structures with conformal thin films. Studies of ALD conformality in high-aspect-ratio (HAR) features typically assume free molecular flow conditions with Knudsen diffusion. However, the free molecular flow assumption might not be valid for real ALD processes. This work maps the evolution of the saturation profile characteristics in lateral high-aspect-ratio (LHAR) channels through simulations using a diffusion-reaction model for various diffusion regimes with a wide range of Knudsen numbers (10^6 to 10^{-6}), from free molecular flow (Knudsen diffusion) through the transition regime to continuum flow conditions (molecular diffusion). Simulations are run for ALD reactant partial pressures spanning several orders of magnitude with the exposure time kept constant (by varying the total exposure) and with the total exposure kept constant (by varying the exposure time). In a free molecular flow, for a constant total exposure, the saturation profile characteristics are identical regardless of the LHAR channel height and the partial pressure of the reactant. Under transition regime and continuum conditions, the penetration depth decreases and the steepness of the adsorption front increases with decreasing Knudsen number. The effect of varying individual parameters on the saturation profile characteristics in some cases depends on the diffusion regime. An empirical "extended slope method" is proposed to relate the sticking coefficient to the saturation profile's characteristic slope for any Knudsen number.
Backbone Nitrogen Substitution Restricts the Conformation of Glycine Residues in Protein β-Turns
Authors: Gu Fengyi , Newberry Robert
Published: October 2024

Glycine adopts backbone conformations that are generally inaccessible to other amino acids, but specifying a particular conformation remains challenging. Inspired by studies of small-molecule models, we hypothesized that substituting the alpha carbon with nitrogen would bias glycine toward specific β-turn conformations, which we confirmed through biophysical analysis of backbone-modified peptides.
Enhanced dual state emission from tri- and tetraphenylethene-substituted pyrene-fused heteroacenes
Authors: Ahamed Rafiq , Godi Kiran Sai , Bhadke Anil , Fisher Sergey , Gamidi Rama Krishna , Pramanik Susnata , Šolomek Tomáš , Gaikwad Sudhakar
Published: October 2024

We report the design, synthesis, and optoelectronic properties of the first tri- and tetraphenylethene (TPE) substituted pyrene-fused heteroacenes (PHAs). All TPE-PHA compounds were characterised by UV-vis, IR, MS, NMR, PL, and cyclic voltammetry. Notably, TPE-PHAs exhibited strong emission with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 82% in the solid states. In contrast, their PLQYs in dilute solutions are comparatively lower (Qf= 7−14%) than their solid states due to the rotation of TMS, TIPS and phenyl rotors, and completely quenched in the case of tetraphenylsilane groups on quinoxaline residues. The optoelectronic properties of these compounds are predominantly dictated by the non-planar nature of TPE and alkynylsilane moieties. These observations are supported by X-ray crystallographic studies and theoretical calculations. In contrast to previously reported pyrene-fused heteroacenes, the solid-state emission properties of TPE-PHAs displayed significant enhancements owing to their large intermolecular distance in solids, as observed in the single crystal analysis. We also demonstrated a structure-property relationship that will help to design new solid-state emitting materials while improving solution processability and luminescence properties.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Ribonucleoside Analogues Using Nucleoside Transglycosylase-2
Authors: Salihovic Admir , Ascham Alex , Rosenqvist Petja , Taladriz-Sender Andrea , Hoskisson Paul , Hodgson David , Grogan Gideon , Burley Glenn
Published: October 2024

2ʹ-Ribonucleosides are essential building blocks used extensively in antiviral and oligonucleotide therapeutics. A major challenge in the further development of nucleoside analogues for therapeutic applications is access to scalable and environmentally sustainable synthetic strategies. This manuscript uses the Type II nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus leichmannii (LlNDT-2) to prepare a suite of ribonucleoside analogues using naturally-occurring uridine and cytidine sugar donors. Crystal structure and mutational analyses are used to define the substrate tolerance of the nucleobase exchange and the 2'-substituent of the nucleoside sugar donor. Nucleobase profiling identified acceptance of both purine and pyrimidine nucleobases. Finally, the scalability of the approach is showcased, enabling the preparation of ribonucleosides on millimolar scales. This biocatalytic strategy opens up opportunities to establish chemoenzymatic routes to prepare nucleoside analogues incorporating 2' modifications that are of therapeutic importance.
FMOPhore for hotspot identification and efficient fragment-to-lead growth strategies
Authors: E.G.F. Ibrahim Peter , Zachariae Ulrich , Gilbert Ian , Bodkin Mike
Published: October 2024

Fragment based drug design (FBDD) is like a chess game in that a good or a bad move can dramatically influence the outcome. At the start of the design process, it is important to identify the key binding site residues (hotspots) that can have a substantial impact on ligand efficiency (LE) and binding. Here, we introduce a novel, fully automated algorithm named FMOPhore, which performs Quantum Mechanics Fragment Molecular Orbital (QM-FMO) calculations on 3D-protein-ligand pharmacophore models. This is implemented in a novel scoring function named FP-score to classify binding site residues in two classes: 1) Hotspot residues (further delineated into three categories; Anchor, Transient, and Accessible) and 2) Non-hotspot residues. We apply our algorithm in two different scenarios: holo-complex and apo-structure scenarios, testing its robustness on sixteen different protein targets including the application for fragment growing and target selectivity. We demonstrate that handling protein binding site flexibility using Dy-FMOPhore improves hotspots detection. The FMOPhore algorithm can be a powerful tool in identifying and quantifying binding site hotspots to enable an efficient design strategy for fragment-to-lead optimization.
Bloch-Siegert shifted correlations in solution NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Carnevale Diego
Published: October 2024

We further develop the concept of refocusing scalar couplings in solution NMR spectroscopy by means of 2-field correlations as recently presented in doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-r9tgw. We show that Bloch-Siegert shifts can be used as fictitious secondary fields for such purpose. This allows correlations to be made with data acquired in a single external magnetic field. A homonuclear 2D correlation spectroscopy experiment can be easily modified so as to include these rf-driven shifts in the indirect dimension. Furthermore, the inclusion of such effects in window-acquired 1D spectra allows for synthetic homonuclear decoupling procedures to be performed.
Probabilistic Multi-Item Inventory Model for Chemicals in Regional Drinking Water Company
Authors: Dwipurwani Oki , Puspita Fitri Maya , Supadi Siti Suzlin , Yuliza Evi
Published: October 2024

Inventory management of chemicals in The Regional Drinking Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM) is known to play an essential role in ensuring the smooth production of clean water and preventing shortages of chemicals that can affect production. At present, 2 primary models for multi-item inventory replenishment are under consideration by PDAM, namely individual and joint replenishment of items. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of individual and joint replenishment models based on uncertain demand with specific probability distribution. The results showed that a probabilistic inventory model (Q, r) with individual replenishment for chemicals in PDAM was recommended.
Characteristics and Dosimetric Properties of Tissue-Equivalent Thermoluminescent Glass Detector Based on Al-Li-Zn, Borate Oxide Dope Dy3+
Authors: Efenji Godwin Irinam , Bin Mustapha Iskandar Shahrim , Yusof Nur Nabihah , Anthony Rabba James , Kamgba Ferdinand Ayim , P. O. Ushie , Hussein Khazaalah Thair , Jamil Munirah , Izwan Muhammad Fadhirul , Aliyu Umar Sa’ad , Ezra Nabasu Seth , Oke Aduragbemi Olaoluwa , Salah Naeem Hayder , Muhammad Alhassan , Idriss Ali S. A.
Published: October 2024

Functionality and dosimetric properties of a tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent glass detector doped with Dy3+. This work investigated an Aluminium-Lithium-Zinc borate oxide matrix using the melting-quench method. X-ray diffraction confirms the glass sample is amorphous. Dysprosium ions doping raises the glass’s tissue equivalent effective atomic number (Zeff.), improving its ability to absorb radiation and its sensitivity, with reproducibility almost at the tolerable limit. The glass detector also reduces the fading rate and signal loss over time. The minimum detectable dose values were 53.04 mGy and 45.1 mGy for the un-doped and 1.5 mol Dy3+ doped Al-Li-Zn borate glasses, respectively. A bright peak was seen in photoluminescence spectra at 348 nm (yellow), 529 nm (green), and 625 nm (orange hue). These correspond to the Dy3+ transitions at 4H15/2 → 6P7/2, 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 , respectively. There was a noticeable drop in Tg from 257°C in the undoped sample to 101°C in the doped sample, Tm from 862°C to 815°C, and Tc from 756°C to 444°C in the doped sample. These results may indicate a lower temperature at which the material transitions from a solid to a liquid state and a lower crystallisation threshold. The frequency component and energy of activation of the 1.5 mol Dy3+ doped Aluminium-Lithium-Zinc borate are 2.1×10 27 s-1 and 1.03 eV, respectively. The 1.5 Dy3+ doped Aluminium-Lithium-Zinc borate glasses exhibit promising dosimetric properties of the tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent glass detector, indicating its potential for accurate and consistent radiation dosimetry in various applications.
Implementing the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise and Nordic Hamstring Exercise in West African Academy Soccer Players: An Intervention Study
Authors: DeLang Matthew D , Ishøi Lasse , Hole Maren Nielsen , Wilson Prince , Segbefia Michael , Thorborg Kristian
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

This study implemented the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise (CAE) and Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) to examine 1) whether CAE and NHE interventions are associated with adductor and hamstring strength gains in youth African male soccer players and 2) whether strength changes after a rest period and secondary intervention.

STUDY DESIGN

Pre-post intervention study.

METHODS

Forty-four African elite male academy players (age 14.7±1.5 [12-18] years) participated in twice weekly CAE and NHE interventions for 8- and 10-week periods separated by a 4-week rest. Long lever adductor squeeze strength and prone isometric hamstring strength were measured with mixed-effects linear regression models to observe strength changes over time.

RESULTS

Ninety-six and 95% of CAE and NHE sessions were completed in each intervention, with no adverse events related to the execution of the exercises. Adductor squeeze strength increased during the first intervention (baseline 3.23 [2.99-3.47] N/kg, post-intervention 3.53 [3.30-3.76] N/kg, p=0.911) and was maintained following the rest period (3.52 [3.27-3.76] N/kg, p=0.999) and second intervention (3.60 [3.35-3.84] N/kg, p=0.002). Hamstring strength improved during the first intervention (baseline 4.95 [4.42-5.49] N/kg, post-intervention 5.48 [4.95-6.02] N/kg, p<0.001), decreased to baseline during the rest period (4.98 [4.44-5.53] N/kg, p=0.996), and did not improve during the second intervention (5.01 [4.46-5.55] N/kg, p=0.978).

CONCLUSION

CAE and NHE interventions can be implemented at an elite African academy with high compliance. Adductor and hamstring strength improved in the first intervention, with no further improvements in the second intervention. Secondary interventions therefore should include higher exercise volume or load to improve longitudinal adductor and hamstring strength.

Level of Evidence

Level III (Cohort Study)
A centre C-shaped dual band rectangular monopole antenna for Wi-Fi and wireless communication
Authors: Ram Chandra , Chandan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design and analysis of a center C-shaped dual-band rectangular monopole antenna optimized for Wi-Fi and wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna operates efficiently within the frequency ranges of 1.4-1.8 GHz and 5.2-5.8 GHz, targeting dual-band functionality. The proposed antenna has achieved dual band because it has a rectangular ring with C-shaped cutting on the patch antenna. The compact dimensions of 39 × 50 × 1.6 mm³ designed on FR4 electrodes having a dielectric constant of 4.4 make it suitable for integration into modern wireless devices. The antenna achieves a bandwidth of 10.9% and 25% in the respective frequency bands as a result of the C-shaped resonating cavity. Simulated results demonstrate the antenna's capability to maintain stable gain and omnidirectional radiation patterns across the desired frequencies. The versatility and compactness of this monopole antenna make it an ideal candidate for next-generation Wi-Fi and wireless communication systems.
Design and development of patient care voice actuated bed in hospital
Authors: Dooslin Mercy Bai V. , Brintha L. , Jeyasree Bala S. , Arul Pandiyan A. , Naveen Kumar M.
Published: October 2024

Manually adjusting hospital beds presents significant challenges for healthcare professionals, which affects their workflow and patient care outcomes. Manual bed modifications consume a significant amount of time, resulting in nurses being less available for other crucial duties. Patient needs can be delayed, and the quality of care delivered overall can be lowered. Manually adjusting the bed to ensure safety and comfort is a risky practice that could result in incorrect placement that can worsen pre-existing medical issues or cause discomfort and pressure sores. In addition, the demand for accurate and frequent bed changes during the day increases the strain on nurses, especially in situations with high patient turnover or complex care needs. The objective of this study is to create a hospital bed that responds to voice commands to improve patient care and monitoring. The bed's voice recognition technology allows patients to adjust their positions and improve comfort and accessibility, particularly for individuals with mobility issues. It includes sensors that continuously measure the patient's heart rate and temperature while they are in bed. These sensors provide real-time data, enabling prompt detection of any irregularities and facilitating immediate intervention in the patient's heartbeat and temperature. The combination of voice control and continuous health monitoring ensures a higher standard of patient care, improves patient autonomy, and reduces the workload on medical staff. The aim of this innovative bed is to create a healthcare environment that is more responsive and efficient, which ultimately leads to better patient outcomes and enhanced overall hospital efficiency.
Investigating Ethanolic Extract from Acehnese Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Peel as Potential Anti-Hypercholesterolemia Agent
Authors: Sitio Roma , Akmal Muslim , Marlina Marlina , Gholib Gholib
Published: October 2024

Lime peels are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, and tannins, exhibiting antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hypercholesterolemia properties. However, the specific active constituents of Acehnese lime peels and their impact on anti-hypercholesterolemia effects remain undisclosed. This present investigation aims to identify the active compounds in the ethanolic extract of locally obtained Acehnese lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) peels and assess their potential as inhibitors of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG Co-A) reductase using in-silico approach. The composition of the ethanolic extract Acehnese lime peel was determined through phytochemical analysis, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and predictions of biological activity, while the biological activities of their compounds were evaluated through molecular docking. Phytochemicals revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids in the ethanolic extract of local Aceh lime peel. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 29.992 ± 0.274 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract and 5.983 ± 0.017 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g extract, respectively. The anti-oxidant activity was notably strong with an IC50 value of 49.51 ppm. GC-MS analysis identified 6-methoxychroman-2-one (27.64%) as the primary component in ethanolic extract Acehnese lime peel, along with neric acid (C13H22O2) known as a regulator of lipid metabolism (Pa: 0.941). In-silicoinvestigations indicated that pterin-6-carboxylic acid (-7.8 kcal/mol) exhibited a higher binding free energy for the PCSK9 receptor compared to simvastatin (-7.6 kcal/mol), whereas the active compound (R)-9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4- exhibited the highest binding capacity for HMG Co-A reductase (-6.9 kcal/mol) compared to other compounds. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Acehnese lime peels could serve as an effective inhibitor of PCSK9 and HMG Co-A reductase, highlighting its potential as a novel anti-hypercholesterolemia agent. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-04 Full Text: PDF
Updates to the wild bird abundance and movement models for the early warning system for avian influenza in the EU
Authors: Gallego‐Zamorano Juan , Davies Jacob , Reinartz Roos , Robinson Rob , Gargallo Gabriel , Faverjon Céline , Sierdsema Henk , Stahl Julia
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose a significant threat to both poultry and wild bird populations. Migratory wild birds play a key role in the intercontinental spread of avian influenza (AI), introducing the virus into poultry populations. In response to frequent AI outbreaks in Europe, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), at the request of the European Commission (EC), produces quarterly and annual epidemiological reports to monitor and analyse AI trends. A key component of this surveillance includes the integration of outbreak data from Member States and contributions from non‐governmental ornithological organisations like the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) and the European Union for Bird Ringing (EURING) together in a predictive spatio‐temporal risk assessment model. Previous data integration and modelling efforts led to the development of an early warning system for predicting HPAI outbreaks accessible through a publicly available online user interface: the Bird Flu Radar. This report presents an improvement of the system by expanding the species coverage and refining the existing base models behind the epidemiological model. Specifically, this report details the exploration to incorporate 12 additional wild bird species into the models, and the changes made to the base models predicting the distribution and movements of wild birds. We demonstrate the improvements respecting the existing base models while at the same time enhancing the effectiveness in predicting HPAI outbreaks and possibly mitigating negative effects in Europe by providing more accurate predictions to different stakeholders.
Physical and chemical methods of detecting traces of human skin without papillary patterns
Authors: Grebneva Alla , Vinogradova Natalya , Sumina Alina
Published: October 2024

The article deals with physical and chemical methods of detecting traces of human skin without papillary pattern. The principles of work of each of these methods are given in detail.
As a factual basis for the article the materials of earlier scientific researches on this problematic were used. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the dialectical method of cognition, logical method, method of system analysis, method of modelling, general scientific methods: structural and functional.
The work allows us to come to the conclusions about the need to increase the level of application of traditional and new methods of work with traces of skin cover that does not have a papillary pattern. The combination of these methods will give the highest result in solving the crime.
Comportamientos alimentarios y estilos de vida en docentes investigadores durante y post confinamiento por pandemia COVID–19
Authors: Ruiz de Chavez-Ramírez Dellanira , Almeida Perales Cristina , Robles Vázquez Diana
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Los comportamientos alimentarios engloban la selección, cantidad y técnicas culinarias en alimentos, los cuales se alteran una vez que se cambian las condiciones y estilos de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Comparar los comportamientos alimentarios percibidos y estilos de vida en docentes investigadores bajo el contexto de la COVID-19. Material y Método: Estudio comparativo, transversal-analítico, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico en la comunidad docente en dos etapas de observación; febrero de 2021 y septiembre 2022. Los principales criterios de inclusión fueron ser docente/investigador de escuelas de nivel superior. De acuerdo con la prueba de proporciones comparó los resultados de ambas etapas. Resultados: En la primera etapa del estudio se recopilaron 174 respuestas; en la segunda 79. Predominó la nacionalidad mexicana (93% vs 87%), con doctorado (64% vs 49%; p<0.05). Nutricionalmente, en ambos períodos percibieron que aumentó su consumo de alimentos (48% vs 33%; p<0.05). Prevaleció el sobrepeso/obesidad (62% vs 61%). Los estilos de vida mostraron mejores condiciones en la activación física y el sueño, en comparación con la etapa postconfinamiento. Conclusión: Los docentes/investigadores en ambos periodos, tuvieron comportamientos alimentarios de importancia como el aumento de peso, imperando el sobrepeso y obesidad. Por tanto, la educación nutricia que fomente prácticas saludables es sumamente relevante.
THE VIBRANT TAPESTRY OF PUNJAB: EXPLORING THE RICH TRADITION OF ARTS AND CRAFTS
Authors: Jyoti  , Rani Neetu
Published: October 2024

The vibrant state of Punjab, a land synonymous with cultural opulence and artistic diversity, offers a unique tapestry of arts and crafts that encapsulates the essence of its rich heritage and communal ethos. This paper embarks on an explorative journey into the heart of Punjab's traditional crafts, unveiling the myriad ways in which these art forms serve as a conduit for cultural expression, economic sustenance, and preservation of heritage. Each craft, be it the intricate basketry, the colorful durries, the traditional folk toys, the elegant juttis, the distinctive mud works, the evocative Punjabi paintings, the exquisite Phulkari, the meticulous weaving, the masterful woodwork, the enduring leather craft, or the resplendent metalwork, narrates a story of timeless tradition, meticulous skill, and a deep-seated reverence for artistry. These crafts are not mere artifacts; they are vibrant testimonies to Punjab's enduring legacy, reflecting the creativity, resilience, and the indomitable spirit of its people. By delving into the depths of these traditional crafts, this paper aims to illuminate the intricate interplay between art, culture, and economy, showcasing how Punjab's arts and crafts are not just remnants of the past but are vibrant, living embodiments of the state's dynamic cultural identity.
Effect of Chlordiazepoxide or Haloperidol Oral Premedication during Midazolam-Ketamine Anaesthesia on Physiological and Blood Gas Parameters in Adult Male Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)
Authors: K S Kamalesh Kumar , Chandy George , S Sooryadas , P T Dinesh , K D John Martin , P M Deepa , C B Binoy
Published: October 2024

Capturing wild animals with minimal stress is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral premedicants can ease handling and subsequent anaesthetic administration. This study evaluated anaesthetic protocols and physiological changes during vasectomy in 12 adult male Bonnet Macaques. Group I received 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide, and Group II received 1 mg/kg haloperidol orally four hours before midazolam-ketamine anaesthesia. Sedation quality, induction, maintenance, and recovery were assessed. Physiological and blood gas changes were monitored at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Both groups exhibited sedation post-premedication. Induction, maintenance, and anaesthesia depth were similar. Group I had better analgesia, while Group II had superior muscle relaxation. Blood gas analysis indicated mild stress and respiratory acidosis in both groups, with Group II showing more significant hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Haloperidol-premedicated animals were easier to handle but exhibited increased stress parameters compared to chlordiazepoxide-premedicated animals. Recovery was better in Group I. Both protocols effectively induced sedation and anaesthesia in Bonnet Macaques.
El pirul: Un árbol con gran potencial terapéutico
Authors: Sánchez-Mendoza María Elena , Arrieta Jesús , López-Lorenzo Yaraset , García-Machorro Jazmín
Published: October 2024

“El pirul, un árbol popularmente relacionado con aspectos mágicos y medicinales, es una fuente de compuestos con propiedades terapéuticas”