bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protracted oxygenation across the Cambrian–Ordovician transition: A key initiator of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event?
Authors: Kozik Nevin P. , Young Seth A. , Lindskog Anders , Ahlberg Per , Owens Jeremy D.
Published: January 2023

Fluctuations in marine oxygen concentrations have been invoked as a primary driver for changes in biodiversity throughout Earth history. Expansions in reducing marine conditions are commonly invoked as key causal mechanisms for mass extinctions, while increases in marine oxygenation are becoming an increasingly common causal mechanism invoked for biodiversification events. Here we utilize a multiproxy approach to constrain local and global marine paleoredox conditions throughout the late Cambrian–Early Ordovician from two drill core successions in Baltoscandia. Local paleoredox proxies such as manganese concentrations and iron speciation reveal that both sites in the Baltic paleobasin had persistently anoxic and predominantly euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) bottom water conditions throughout the study interval. Corresponding trace metal datasets indicate nuanced contraction and expansion of global anoxic and euxinic conditions along continental margins during the late Cambrian–Early Ordovician. Lastly, thallium isotope data from these locally reducing sections suggest a global expansion of oxygenated shelf and deeper marine environments from the late Cambrian into the Early Ordovician. This evidence for increasingly oxic marine environments coincides with increases in burrowing depth and tiering in marine animals, as well as diversification of body fossils throughout this ~8‐million‐year interval. The collective geochemical datasets provide some of the first direct paleoredox evidence for an increase in marine oxygen concentrations as a key mechanism for the Ordovician radiation of marine life.
(Un)making occupational gender segregation: Intergenerational reproduction of gender‐(a)typical occupational aspirations in China
Authors: Hu Yang , Coulter Rory
Published: January 2023

Occupational gender segregation can be traced back to gender‐typed occupational aspirations formed early in life. Analyzing nationally representative data from the 2010–2018 China Family Panel Studies (N = 2410 adolescents aged 10–19), we examine the relationships between parents' occupations, their gender‐(a)typical occupational expectations, and adolescents' gender‐(a)typical occupational aspirations. Our research makes three distinctive contributions. First, we clarify how gender‐role modeling works by distinguishing adolescents' direct imitation of parents' occupations from their indirect gender‐role learning based on the gender orientation of parents' occupations. Second, we propose and test a new theory of “gender boundary‐setting” to understand how the opposite‐sex parent's gender‐typed occupation can erect gender boundaries that reinforce their children's gender‐typed aspirations. Third, we examine the role of parents' gender‐(a)typical occupational expectations in shaping adolescents' gendered aspirations and how such expectations relate to adolescents' social learning based on parents' occupations. We find that girls' gendered occupational aspirations are shaped by direct occupational imitation, indirect gender‐role learning, gender boundary‐setting, and parents' gendered expectations, whereas boys' aspirations are only shaped by direct imitation. Parents' expectations and adolescents' social learning operate independently of each other. Our findings provide new insights into the supply‐side mechanisms underpinning the intergenerational reproduction of occupational gender segregation.
Characterization of trigeminal C‐fiber reactivity through capsaicin‐induced release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide
Authors: Basedau Hauke , Oppermann Thalea , Gundelwein Silva Elisa , Peng Kuan‐Po , May Arne
Published: January 2023

Objective

We hypothesized that the response of trigeminal dermal blood flow (DBF) in the trigeminal system and consecutive expansion of flare response to capsaicin would differ from the somatosensory system (arm). We also investigated whether there are differences between patients with migraine and healthy controls (HC).

Background

Functional differences between the trigeminal and extracephalic somatosensory systems may partly explain the susceptibility for headaches in patients with migraine. Capsaicin‐induced activation of nociceptive C‐fibers in the skin is mainly mediated by calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and induces cutaneous vessel dilatation and flare response.

Methods

Female patients with migraine (n = 38) and age‐matched HC (n = 35) underwent DBF measurement at baseline and after topical capsaicin administration using laser speckle imaging. DBF before and after capsaicin stimulation was analyzed over ophthalmic nerve/maxillary nerve/mandibular nerve (V1/V2/V3) dermatomes and the forearm as an extracephalic control.

Results

Capsaicin‐induced DBF increased more in the trigeminal dermatomes than on the forearm. The V1 dermatome showed a smaller increase of DBF in patients with migraine compared to HC.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the trigeminovascular system reacts differently from extracephalic areas, which may explain the trigeminal susceptibility to CGRP‐mediated pain attacks. By demonstrating a different reactivity of the V1 dermatome in patients with migraine, our finding suggests that the first trigeminal branch is functionally different from the second and third branches; however, only in patients with migraine.
Headache education by leaflet distribution during COVID‐19 vaccination and school‐based on‐demand e‐learning: Itoigawa Geopark Headache Awareness Campaign
Authors: Katsuki Masahito , Matsumori Yasuhiko , Kawahara Junko , Yamagishi Chinami , Koh Akihito , Kawamura Shin , Kashiwagi Kenta , Kito Tomohiro , Oguri Masato , Mizuno Shoji , Nakamura Kentaro , Hayakawa Katsushi , Ohta Osamu , Kubota Noa , Nakamura Hina , Aoyama Jun , Yamazaki Isamu , Mizusawa Satoshi , Ueki Yasuhide , Nanri Maiko , Miyakoshi Yuki , Gobo Shuto , Entani Akio , Yamamoto Toshiko , Otake Miyako , Ikeda Takashi , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Yamagishi Fuminori
Published: January 2023

Objective

We prospectively performed the Itoigawa Headache Awareness Campaign from August 2021 to June 2022, with two main interventions, and evaluated its effectiveness.

Background

Headache is a common public health problem, but its burden could be reduced by raising awareness about headache and the appropriate use of acute and prophylactic medication. However, few studies on raising headache awareness in the general public have been reported.

Methods

The target group was the general public aged 15–64. We performed two main interventions synergistically supported by other small interventions. Intervention 1 included leaflet distribution and a paper‐based questionnaire about headache during COVID‐19 vaccination, and intervention 2 included on‐demand e‐learning and online survey through schools. In these interventions, we emphasize the six important topics for the general public that were described in the Clinical Practice Guideline for Headache Disorders 2021. Each response among the two interventions’ cohorts was collected on pre and post occasions. The awareness of the six topics before and after the campaign was evaluated.

Results

We obtained 4016 valid responses from 6382 individuals who underwent vaccination in intervention 1 and 2577 from 594 students and 1983 parents in intervention 2; thus, 6593 of 20,458 (32.2%) of the overall working‐age population in Itoigawa city experienced these interventions. The percentage of individuals’ aware of the six topics significantly increased after the two main interventions ranging from 6.6% (39/594)–40.0% (1606/4016) to 64.1% (381/594)–92.6% (1836/1983) (p < 0.001, all).

Conclusions

We conducted this campaign through two main interventions with an improved percentage of individuals who know about headache. The two methods of community‐based interventions could raise headache awareness effectively. Furthermore, we can achieve outstanding results by doing something to raise disease awareness during mass vaccination, when almost all residents gather in a certain place, and school‐based e‐learning without face‐to‐face instruction due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Examining consumer food waste through grocery retailers' customer data: Segments and practical implications
Authors: Närvänen Elina , Mesiranta Nina , Saarijärvi Hannu , Nevalainen Jaakko
Published: January 2023

Grocery retailers have a large amount of societally relevant data on food purchases in their databases, which they have traditionally used merely for marketing purposes. However, despite the potential, the data have so far been rarely used in sustainability‐related research. This study addresses a key sustainability challenge—the reduction of food waste—by using retailers' customer data and a questionnaire. This paper's purpose is to identify and analyse household food waste segments and discuss their actual purchasing behaviour patterns. By doing so, we also illustrate and exemplify the potential use of customer loyalty card data to address global challenges related to food at the consumer level. The study utilizes an extensive data set of food purchases together with a survey of self‐reported reasons for food waste in households. Utilizing cluster analysis, Phase 1 identifies six household segments: no food waste; trust in date labels; safety first; occasional wasters; overpurchasers and overpreparers; and family first. These segments differ in their sociodemographic and purchase profiles. In Phase 2, these segments' purchasing behaviour is examined further by applying tree‐based methods. This study contributes to food waste research and studies on sustainable retailing. It also has practical implications for how retailers can facilitate household food waste reduction.
Consumer views of melanoma early detection using 3D total‐body photography: cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hona Te Wai Pounamu T. , Horsham Caitlin , Silva Carina V. , Lawn Craig , Sanjida Saira , Gillespie Nicole , Soyer H. Peter , Janda Monika ,   the ACEMID group
Published: January 2023

Background

Three‐dimensional (3D) total‐body photography is a recent advance in melanoma early detection that can aid in monitoring and identifying new and changing skin lesions over time.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of adults living in metropolitan and rural areas of Australia was conducted to assess perceptions of 3D total‐body photography. Participants completed a survey detailing their previous use of skin cancer photography, personal skin checking history, perceptions of 3D total‐body photography, and willingness to pay. Participants were also asked to describe the potential barriers and facilitators of 3D total‐body photography in their own words.

Results

A total of 1056 participants completed the survey, with 739 (70%) from metropolitan areas of Australia and 317 (30%) from rural areas. Most participants (95%, n = 1004/1056) indicated they would consider using 3D total‐body photography if it became commercially available at their regular medical practice. Most participants indicated 3D total‐body photography would be effective to identify suspicious skin spots (94%, n = 995/1056), monitor lesion changes (94%, n = 997/1056), and reduce skin cancer related anxiety (90%, n = 950/1055). In open‐ended feedback, participants (87%, n = 918/1056) identified perceived benefits, including more comprehensive screenings, earlier detection, and less human error. Participants (84%, n = 889/1056) also identified potential barriers to 3D total‐body photography, including cost, accessibility and availability, trust in the technology, and digital security concerns.

Conclusions

Participant feedback indicated a high level of acceptance and confidence in the technology. To facilitate clinical translation, addressing consumer‐identified barriers to 3D total‐body photography will be vital.
Association of gut microbiota and glucose metabolism in children with disparate degrees of adiposity
Authors: Yuan Xin , Zhang Ying , Lin Xiangquan , Yang Xiaohong , Chen Ruimin
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in children with disparate degrees of adiposity, and analyze the association between gut microbiota, glucose metabolism indicators, and inflammatory factors.

Methods

Clinical data were examined in 89 Chinese children. Children with a body fat percentage ≥ 30% were diagnosed as obese, and ≥ 35% in males and ≥ 40% in females were further defined as severe obesity. The composition of gut microbiota was determined by 16S rDNA‐based metagenomics.

Results

The study population (9.75 ± 1.92‐year‐old) was characterized as normal weight (n = 29), mild obesity (n = 27) and severe obesity (n = 33) groups. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found that compared to the severe obesity group, subjects with mild obesity had more prevalent members of the phylumFusobacteria,thegenusAlistipes, and fewer members of genusGranulicatellaandClostridium(p < 0.05).For subjects with mild obesity, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that fasting plasma glucose positively correlated with speciesA. indistinctus,A. putredinis, and negatively correlated with speciesRuminococcus gnavus; LBP negatively correlated with speciesClostridium hathewayi, andBlautia producta. For subjects with severe obesity, oral glucose tolerance test 2 h plasma glucose (OGTT2HPG) negatively correlated with the phylumSynergistetes, genusPyramidobacter, speciesVeillonella parvula,P. piscolens, and positively correlated with speciesB. producta, INS and HOMA‐IR negatively correlated with the genusHaemophilus, speciesH. parainfluenzae, lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) negatively correlated with the phylumActinobacteria, genusBifidobacterium,Lactobacillus, and speciesB. longum(allp < 0.05).Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2 (PICRUSt2) analysis discerned that the glucose metabolism pathway, gluconeogenesis I was curtailed in the severe obesity group.

Conclusion

The gut microbiota could favourably compensate for glucose metabolism in children with obesity. GenusHaemophilusandBifidobacterium longummay influence glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in children with severe obesity.
In Semliki Forest virus encephalitis, suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4) is an essential modulator of immune responses that mediates the balance between immunopathology and virus clearance
Authors: Kedzierski Lukasz , Er Qi Tan Abigail , Jia Hui Foo Isabelle , Narayanan Divya , Moily Nagaraj , McQuilten Hayley A , Nicholson Sandra E , Fazakerley John K
Published: January 2023

Central nervous system virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a significant global public health concern. As in many tissues, inflammation and immune responses in the brain, despite their protective roles, can also be harmful. Control of brain inflammation is important in many neurological diseases from encephalitis to multiple sclerosis and neurogenerative disease. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are a key mechanism controlling inflammatory and immune responses across all tissues including the brain. Using a mouse model system, we demonstrate that lack of SOCS4 results in changes in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of a neurotropic virus infection. Relative to wild‐type mice, SOCS4‐deficient mice showed accelerated clearance of virus from the brain, lower levels of persisting viral RNA in the brain, increased neuroinflammation and more severe neuropathology. We conclude that, in the mouse brain, SOCS4 is a vital regulator of antiviral immunity that mediates the critical balance between immunopathology and virus persistence.
A study on the optimal shareholding proportion of the controlling shareholders in the competitive mixed‐ownership enterprises: Evidence from Chinese listed companies
Authors: Zhang Qiwang , Wang Xiaorui , Huo Chunhui , Shulin Wang
Published: January 2023

There is a wide debate on the optimal shareholding proportion of controlling shareholders. Under the background of China's mixed‐ownership reform, this paper focuses on a specific firm setting of mixed‐ownership enterprises in fully competitive industries, and tries to find the heterogeneity in the association between controllers' shareholding and firm performance. Specifically, with a sample of China's A‐share listed companies from 2007 to 2018, we find significant differences in this relationship due to different types of controlling shareholders. The effect of controller shareholding on firm performance is not significant in foreign‐controlled enterprises, while that of private enterprises presents a monotone increasing linear relation with statistical significance. No optimal controlling shareholding interval is found in either foreign‐controlled or private‐controlled enterprise. In state‐controlled enterprises, we find an overall inverted U‐shaped with local stage linear relationship between state‐controlling enterprises' controller shareholding and firm performance. The optimal interval of state‐controlling shareholding is 42%–68%.
Submicron mullite hollow spheres synthesized via UV polymerization of Pickering emulsions
Authors: Yang Junjie , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Wenhao , Yang Jinlong
Published: January 2023

We here propose a simple, facile, and effective method to prepare submicron mullite hollow spheres templated from Pickering emulsions. Dual‐phase sol consisted of boehmite and silica nanoparticles decorated by pentanoate ion could assemble at water/oil interface irreversibly to form photosensitive Pickering emulsions. The droplets of emulsions could be separated by dilution and formed by photopolymerization to gain hybrid microspheres, which could completely transform to mullite hollow microspheres via binder removal and sintering. It is found that the prepared hollow microspheres possess intact morphology, favorable sphericity, large cavity volume, and bulk density of 0.356 g/cm3. Importantly, the average diameter of mullite hollow spheres obtained via this method could be as low as 0.33–2.31 μm. This steady method is efficient and suitable for various types of inorganic particles, providing an innovative perspective for preparing fine hollow spheres applicable for filtration, drug loading as well as energy storage areas.
The effect of risk perception, mask use, and social distance behavior on perceived stress in the COVID‐19 process: A sectional study
Authors: Ayran Gülsün , Çevik Özdemir Hamide Nur , Yaman Ece
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study was carried out to determine the effect of high school students' perception of risk of COVID‐19, wearing masks and social distance behavior on stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

This descriptive study was performed on 1034 participants between the ages of 15 and 18 between June 21 and July 2, 2021. “Descriptive Questionnaire,” “COVID‐19 Risk Perception Form,” “Mask Wear Behavior Form,” “Social Distance Behavior Form,” and “Perceived Stress Scale” were used in data collection.

Results

It was determined that 81.4% of the students used disposable medical masks, and 50.6% of them used the mask they wore for one day. In the characteristics of the risk perception of COVID‐19, 31% have a risk perception, 45% are afraid to contact people returning from abroad, 58.8% avoid going to crowded places, 66.8% are afraid of contacting people with flu symptoms. It was found that they always kept sufficient distance while communicating with others. As a result of the multiple regression, it was determined that gender, mask type, mask usage frequency, risk perception, social distance behavior, and mask‐wearing behavior had a statistically significant effect on the perceived stress level (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results provide theoretical inferences for public health policies targeting the high school students to develop accurate risk perception and protective behaviors.
De facto time‐varying indices‐based benchmarks for mutual fund returns
Authors: Cheng Tingting , Yan Cheng , Yan Yayi
Published: January 2023

We question time‐invariant indices as fund benchmarks and propose a regime‐switching methodology to identify time‐varying de facto benchmarks from a pool of market‐based indices, with or without a risk‐free asset. To ameliorate the benchmark mismatch issue, we highlight the importance of using time‐varying indices‐based benchmarks for fund performance evaluation. Our de facto benchmark captures fund styles better than other benchmark choices, substantially improves the identification of significant fund alphas, and provides better out‐of‐sample forecasts. We uncover several new findings in terms of fund performance evaluation using our de facto benchmarks.
Effects of eHealth interventions on stress reduction and mental health promotion in healthcare professionals: A systematic review
Authors: López‐Del‐Hoyo Yolanda , Fernández‐Martínez Selene , Pérez‐Aranda Adrián , Barceló‐Soler Alberto , Bani Marco , Russo Selena , Urcola‐Pardo Fernando , Strepparava Maria Grazia , García‐Campayo Javier
Published: January 2023

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health in healthcare professionals, and to compare the efficacy of different types of programs (guided vs. self‐guided; ‘third‐wave’ psychotherapies vs. other types).

Background

Healthcare workers present high levels of stress, which constitutes a risk factor for developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. eHealth interventions have been designed to reduce these professional's stress considering that the characteristics of this delivery method make it a cost‐effective and very appealing alternative because of its fast and easy access.

Design

A systematic review of quantitative studies.

Methods

A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane (until 1 April 2022). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tools.

Results

The abstracts of 6349 articles were assessed and 60 underwent in‐depth review, with 27 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to their format (self‐guided vs. guided) and contents (‘third‐wave’ psychotherapies vs. others). Twenty‐two interventions emerged, 13 of which produced significant posttreatment reductions in stress levels of health professionals (9 self‐guided, 8 ‘third wave’ psychotherapies). Significant effects in improving depressive symptomatology, anxiety, burnout, resilience and mindfulness, amongst others, were also found.

Conclusion

The evidence gathered in this review highlights the heterogeneity of the eHealth interventions that have been studied; self‐guided and ‘third‐wave’ psychotherapy programs are the most common, often with promising results, although the methodological shortcomings of most studies hinder the extraction of sound conclusions.

Protocol registration

PROSPERO CRD42022310199. No Patient or Public Contribution.
Wear at the implant–framework interface between titanium implant platform and the additively manufactured titanium and cobalt–chromium frameworks
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Barmak Abdul B. , Rubenstein Jeffrey , Özcan Mutlu
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To measure the wear at the implant interface between the Grade 4 titanium (Ti) of the implant and frameworks fabricated using two additively manufactured alloys (Ti alloy and cobalt–chromium [Co–Cr]) pre‐ and post‐artificial aging.

Material and methods

Three‐unit frameworks supported by two implants were additively manufactured (Atlantis; Dentsply Sirona) using Ti and Co–Cr dental alloys. Two implants (OsseoSpeed EV, Astra Tech; Dentsply Sirona) were torqued on each non‐engaging framework. The assembled implant–frameworks were secured into polyurethane foam blocks. Groups were created based on the material and surface assessed: framework (Ti‐framework and Co–Cr‐framework groups) and implant (Ti‐implant group). Two subgroups were created depending on the location: premolar (PM) and molar (M). Computed tomography images were obtained pre‐ (as manufactured) and post‐simulated mastication procedures. The pre‐ and post‐simulated mastication files of each specimen were aligned using the best‐fit algorithm using a metrology program. Wear was measured by calculating the volumetric discrepancies at the implant interface on 64 measurement points per area analyzed. Three‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).

Results

The mean volumetric discrepancy values ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 µm among all the subgroups tested. The group (framework vs. implant) (p < 0.001) and tooth location (p < 0.001) were significant factors of the mean volumetric discrepancy values obtained. The framework group presented with significantly lower volumetric discrepancy mean values (1 µm) compared with the implant group (3 µm), whereas the premolar area obtained significantly lower mean volumetric discrepancy values (1.9 µm) compared with the molar location (2.3 µm).

Conclusions

Volumetric discrepancies were found at the implant–framework interface tested between the pre‐ and post‐artificial aging measurements ranging from 1 to 3 µm after 1,200,000 cyclic loading that simulated approximately 12 months of function.
Tackling pandemic‐related health grand challenges: The role of organizational ambidexterity, social equality, and innovation performance
Authors: Christofi Michael , Stylianou Ioanna , Hadjielias Elias , De Massis Alfredo , Kastanakis Minas N.
Published: January 2023

The outbreak of COVID‐19 has brought the world to a standstill, with severe consequences on economic and health systems, requiring the identification and implementation of innovative solutions. This study's aims are threefold: first, to examine the impact of balanced and combined dimensions of ambidexterity on for‐profit organizations' innovation performance related to pandemics; second, to uncover whether and to what extent such innovation performance contributes to tackling global health grand challenges (i.e., mortality rate, risk of infection, and life expectancy) associated with pandemics; and, third, to investigate the moderating role of social equalities in health in the relationships between innovation performance and health‐related outcomes associated with pandemics. To uncover how for‐profit firms tackle the health‐related consequences of pandemics, we examine whether they have introduced product innovations to the health sector, defined as the market introduction of a new or significantly improved good, that have helped address the health challenges associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using a panel dataset (1974–2020) with 15,062 firm‐year observations from the United States, we show that both the separate and the synchronous implementation of the balanced and combined dimensions of ambidexterity have a strong positive effect on firms' innovation performance and, particularly, innovation initiatives related to the pandemic. The results also reveal that innovation activities (i.e., granted patents and citations focused on COVID‐19) negatively affect mortality rate and risk of infection, as well as the positive impact of innovation on increasing life expectancy, with social equalities in health moderating this relationship. Taken together, we make novel contributions to the literature on how to tackle the health‐related consequences of pandemics through innovation and provide actionable managerial guidance on how firms can enhance innovation performance.
Associations between signs of sleep bruxism and insomnia: A polysomnographic study
Authors: Kuang Boyuan , Aarab Ghizlane , Wei Yishul , Blanken Tessa F. , Lobbezoo Frank , Someren Eus J. W. Van , Ramautar Jennifer R. , Wassing Rick
Published: January 2023

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw‐muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Sleep bruxism has been linked with insomnia symptoms. Moreover, it has been suggested that there is a positive association between distress and the occurrence of sleep bruxism. However, the occurrence of sleep bruxism and its association with distress have not been studied in patients with insomnia. Therefore, we hypothesised that: (1) the occurrence of sleep bruxism is higher in patients with insomnia than in healthy controls; and (2) the occurrence of sleep bruxism in insomnia patients with moderate to high distress (IMHD) is higher than that in insomnia patients with slight distress (ISD). A total of 44 controls (34 females, 10 males, mean ± SD age = 46.8 ± 14.4 years) and 42 participants with insomnia (35 females, 7 males, mean ± SD age = 51.3 ± 12.1 years) were enrolled in this study. Among 42 participants with insomnia, 20 participants were subtyped as IMHD, 17 participants as ISD. Another five participants were not subtyped due to insufficient information. Group differences in rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), a biomarker of sleep bruxism, were evaluated with Mann–Whitney U tests. The medians and interquartile ranges of the RMMA indices were 0.8|1.8|3.3 in controls, 1.1|1.6|2.3 in IMHD and 1.2|1.9|2.9 in ISD. There was no significant difference in the RMMA index, neither between participants with insomnia and controls (P = 0.514) nor between IMHD versus ISD (P = 0.270). The occurrence of RMMA indicators of possible sleep bruxism is not significantly different between individuals with insomnia and controls, nor between IMHD versus ISD.
Genetic responses in sexual diploid and unisexual triploid goldfish (Carassius auratus) introduced into a high‐altitude environment
Authors: Feng Xiu , Liu Shenglin , Sui Xiaoyun , Chen Yifeng , Zhu Ren , Jia Yintao , Tong Jingou , Yu Xiaomu , Liu Chunlong , Hansen Michael M.
Published: January 2023

Anthropogenic biological invasions represent major concerns but enable us to investigate rapid evolutionary changes and adaptation to novel environments. The goldfishCarassius auratuswith sexual diploids and unisexual triploids coexisting in natural waters is one of the most widespread invasive fishes in Tibet, providing an ideal model to study evolutionary processes during invasion in different reproductive forms from the same vertebrate. Here, using whole‐genome resequencing data of 151C. auratusindividuals from invasive and native ranges, we found different patterns of genomic responses between diploid and triploid populations during their invasion of Tibet. For diploids, although invasive individuals derived from two different genetically distinct sources had a relative higher diversity (π) at the population level, their individual genetic diversity (genome‐wide observed heterozygosity) was significantly lower (21.4%) than that of source individuals. Population structure analysis revealed that the invasive individuals formed a specific genetic cluster distinct from the source populations. Runs of homozygosity analysis showed low inbreeding only in invasive individuals, and only the invasive population experienced a recent decline in effective population size reflecting founder events. For triploids, however, invasive populations showed no loss of individual genetic diversity and no genetic differentiation relative to source populations. Regions of putative selective sweeps between invasive and source populations of diploids mainly involved genes associated with mannosidase activity and embryo development. Our results suggest that invasive diploids deriving from distinct sources still lost individual genetic diversity resulting from recent inbreeding and founder events and selective sweeps, and invasive triploids experienced no change in genetic diversity owing to their reproduction mode of gynogenesis that precludes inbreeding and founder effects and may make them more powerful invaders.
Taxation and citizen choice: The effect of a county charter on property taxes
Authors: Larson Sarah E. , McDonald Bruce D.
Published: January 2023

As saliency of the tax burden increases, the preference for a lower burden increases, but most counties are restricted by the state from adopting new taxes or changing the existing rates. Some states allow counties to adopt a charter, freeing them from state control. Using a panel of Florida counties from 1980 to 2017, we explore whether citizens act to reduce their property tax once a charter is passed. Citizens act against their preferences not by lowering burden but rather by increasing it in the case of debt service, suggesting citizens are maximizing their optimal tax burden in exchange for services.
“Rule‐Following I: The Basic Issues”
Authors: Reiland Indrek
Published: January 2023

‘Rule‐following’ is a name for a cluster of phenomena where we seem both guided and “normatively” constrained by something general in performing particular actions. Understanding the phenomenon is important because of its connection to meaning, representation, and content. This article gives an overview of the philosophical discussion of rule‐following. Part I of this two‐part contribution is devoted to the basic issues from Wittgenstein to Kripkenstein's skeptical paradox. Part II will be about recent answers to the skeptical paradox and Boghossian's and Wright's new puzzles.
The Violence of the Benevolent Ruler: Classical Confucianism and Punitive Expedition
Authors: Kim Sungmoon
Published: January 2023

In the past two decades, scholars in China and beyond have vigorously demonstrated that the just war discourse is integral to classical Confucianism and that the classical Confucian idea of “punitive expedition” can be best understood in terms of humanitarian intervention. The sceptics, however, claim that in describing the ancient sage‐king's bloodless punitive expeditions, what classical Confucians really had in mind was not so much to endorse morally justified forms of aggressive war but to highlight the paramount importance of the ruler's moral self‐cultivation and benevolent government. This paper examines closely the disagreement between the two positions and offers a more historically grounded justification for the just war interpretation of classical Confucianism. It pays special attention to the importance of ritual order in classical Confucian political theory and discusses how the Warring States political circumstances led thinkers such as Mencius and Xunzi to shift their attention from ritual order to the well‐being of the people.
Integrated versus segmented markets: Implications for export pricing and welfare
Authors: Becker Raphael , Nigai Sergey , Seidel Tobias
Published: January 2023

This paper challenges the common assumption of perfect market segmentation in models based on monopolistic competition. We develop a tractable approach to analyze export entry and pricing decisions of firms and show that the trade costs triangle condition (absence of potential re‐exporting arbitrage) imposes constraints on firm‐level export prices, which have first‐order implications for trade and welfare. We provide empirical evidence that the triangle condition is violated in the data and quantify the importance of these violations in a general equilibrium setting.
Influence of sediment composition on morphology and internal structure of mixed siliciclastic–bioclastic coastal barriers: Contribution of flume experiments
Authors: Rieux Alissia , Weill Pierre , Mouazé Dominique , Tessier Bernadette
Published: January 2023

Coastal barriers are dynamic systems, the morphology and architecture of which are controlled by local hydrodynamics, sea‐level fluctuations at different timescales, geological heritage and sediment composition. Coastal barriers may be composed of siliciclastic sediments, bioclastic sediments, or a mixture of both. Mixed siliciclastic–bioclastic sediments (as common as ‘pure’ sediments) are still little represented in the literature. Changes in sediment composition could affect sedimentary processes which are involved in the construction and stability of coastal barriers due to a different hydrodynamic behaviour between bioclastic and siliciclastic particles. In this study, wave‐flume experiments were used to investigate the role of sediment compositional mixing on the morphology and architecture of coastal barriers. Three different siliciclastic/bioclastic mixtures were exposed to regular wave forcing, together with mean water level fluctuations to create regressive and transgressive depositional units. Compositional mixtures responded similarly in first‐order to mean water‐level fluctuations, with the formation of a bar at low water level. Its subsequent on‐shore migration and reworking as berm deposits during rising water level stages, and with the formation of washover deposits during high water level stages. In detail, the increasing content of bioclastic sediment increased the beachface slope and reduced the length of washover deposits. The faster aggradation of washover sheets with bioclastic‐rich mixtures accelerated the barrier recovery after a submersion and breaching event. A strong segregation between the siliciclastic and the bioclastic grains was observed in the different depositional units, which is attributed both to the coarse size (grain‐size control) and to the flat‐shape (compositional control) of the bioclastic particles.
Unwanted Family Planning: Prevalence Estimates for 56 Countries
Authors: Canning David , Karra Mahesh
Published: January 2023

While there is a large literature on the prevalence of unmet need for family planning, there is no matching quantitative evidence on the prevalence of unwanted family planning; all contraceptive use is assumed to represent a “met need.” This lack of evidence raises concerns that some observed contraceptive use may be undesired and coercive. We provide estimates of unwanted family planning using Demographic and Health Survey data collected from 1,546,987 women in 56 low‐ and middle‐income countries between 2011 and 2019. We estimate the prevalence of unwanted family planning, defined as the proportion of women who report wanting a child in the next nine months but who are using contraception. We find that 12.2 percent of women have an unmet need for family planning, while 2.1 percent have unwanted family planning, with estimated prevalence rates ranging from 0.4 percent in Gambia to 7.1 percent in Jordan. About half of unwanted family planning use can be attributed to condoms, withdrawal, and abstinence. Estimating the prevalence of unwanted family planning is difficult given current data collection efforts, which are not designed for this purpose. We recommend that future surveys probe the reasons for the use of family planning.
Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts in nine dogs and two cats
Authors: González Montaño Hilario , Agthe Petra , Cantatore Matteo
Published: January 2023

Objective

To describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome in dogs and cats with traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP).

Study design

Retrospective observational study.

Animals

Nine client‐owned dogs and two cats.

Methods

The hospital database of Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists was reviewed for cases with a diagnosis of TPP based on computed tomography (CT). Clinical presentation, additional injuries, treatment, and outcome were recorded.

Results

Eleven patients with TPP were identified. The ratio of TPP detected by radiographs when compared to CT was 7:11 (64%). Seven cases were managed conservatively, and three underwent lung lobectomy. One cat was euthanized due to the severity of concomitant injuries. The decision to perform thoracic surgery was due to refractory pneumothorax (2) or very large TPP (1). Ten patients survived to discharge. No patients died as a result of the TPP.

Conclusion

Radiographic lesions were identified in about two‐thirds of cases diagnosed by CT. TPPs were not fatal in our population but were commonly associated with severe concomitant injuries. Conservative treatment led to the resolution of smaller TPPs.

Clinical significance

Conservative management of TPP is appropriate in most cases, although selected cases may benefit from surgical treatment.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss of Additively Manufactured Internal Cooling Channels With Various Shapes
Authors: Wildgoose Alexander J. , Thole Karen A.
Published: January 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides the ability to fabricate highly customized internal cooling passages that are relevant to gas turbine components. This experimental study examines the pressure loss and heat transfer performance of a range of fundamental channel shapes that were produced using direct metal laser sintering. Circular, hexagonal, pentagonal, elliptical, diamond, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular channel cross sections were investigated. To maintain the same convective surface area between shapes, the wetted perimeters of the channel cross sections were kept constant. Parallel computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed to understand the relationships in cooling performance between several channel shapes. Several characteristic length scales were evaluated to scale the pressure loss and heat transfer measurements. Among the channel shapes investigated, the diamond channel showed the lowest Nusselt number and friction factor. The pentagon exhibited a similar Nusselt number as the circular channel despite having a lower friction factor. There was no difference in scaling the friction factor or Nusselt number results of the different channel shapes between using the square root of cross-sectional area compared to hydraulic diameter as the characteristic length scale
Damage caused by Tuckerella ornata (Acari: Tuckerellidae) on cocoa fruits (Theobroma cacao) in the Amazon region, state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Antônia da Silva Brito Edna , Silva de Castro Iury , Antonia Nunes Vinhas Naiara , Da Rosa Santana Raila , Martins Pinheiro Gisele , Juarez Ferla Noeli
Published: January 2023

The study aimed to report peacock mites (Acari: Tuckerellidae) on cocoa fruits (Theobroma cacao L.; Malvaceae) in the northeast Bragantina region, state of Pará, Brazil. Two mite species were identified, Tuckerella ornata, with 149 specimens, 32.89% on leaves and 67.11% on fruits, and Tuckerella knorri, with only two specimens on leaves. It was found that green fruits with T. ornata significantly reduced the size and weight of seeds. More attacked fruits, with more severe damage, showed deformations and thick cracks. Significant damage was noted in the Forastero cocoa seeds, visible to the naked eye, with light brown spots and a fine crack on the epidermis.
A new species and new records of Pygmephoridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) phoretic on Coleoptera from Mexico
Authors: Trejo-palacios Susana J. , Toledo-hernández Víctor H. , Paredes-león Ricardo , Corona-lópez Angélica M.
Published: January 2023

Pygmephorid mites are characterized by their phoretic relationships with a wide range of beetles worldwide. From a study of mites associated with Coleoptera deposited in the Colección de Insectos de la Universidad de Morelos, in Morelos, Mexico, a new species Spatulaphorus mexicanus sp. nov. (Acari: Pygmephoridae) is described, and the phoretic females of Acarothorectes curculionium Cross, 1965 and Elattoma abeskoun Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2011 associated with Cerambycidae and Scarabaeidae are reported. Spatulaphorus mexicanus sp. nov. can be differentiated from its described congeners by the presence of setae tc’ and pl” on tarsi II and setae pl” on tarsi III, all of which are spiniform, the dorsal setae tips pointed, and setae v1, c1, d and f barbed. This new species of Spatulaphorus represent the first record of the genus from Mexico and only the second report from the American continent.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy of Cr3+ in β-Ga2O3 and (Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3
Authors: Remple Cassandra , Barmore Lauren M. , Jesenovec Jani , McCloy John S. , McCluskey Matthew D.
Published: January 2023

Alloying β-Ga2O3 with Al2O3 to create (AlxGa1−x)2O3 enables ultra-wide bandgap materials suitable for applications deep into ultraviolet. In this work, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Cr3+ were investigated in monoclinic single crystal β-Ga2O3, and 10 mol.  % Al2O3 alloyed with β-Ga2O3, denoted β-(Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3 or AGO. Temperature-dependent PL properties were studied for Cr3+ in AGO and β-Ga2O3 from 295 to 16 K. For both materials at room temperature, the red-line emission doublet R1 and R2 occurs at 696 nm (1.78 eV) and 690 nm (1.80 eV), respectively, along with a broad emission band at 709 nm (1.75 eV). The linewidths for AGO are larger for all temperatures due to alloy broadening. For both materials, the R-lines blue-shift with decreasing temperature. The (lowest energy) R1 line is dominant at low temperatures due to the thermal population of the levels. For temperatures above ∼50 K, however, the ratio of R2 to R1 peak areas is dominated by nonradiative combination.
Thermal versus radiation-assisted defect annealing in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Azarov Alexander , Venkatachalapathy Vishnukanthan , Lee In-Hwan , Kuznetsov Andrej
Published: January 2023

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) exhibits complex behavior under ion irradiation since ion-induced disorder affects not only the functional properties but can provoke polymorphic transformations in Ga2O3. A conventional way used to minimize the lattice disorder is by doing postirradiation anneals. An alternative approach is to prevent the disorder accumulation from the beginning, by doing implants at elevated temperatures, so that a significant fraction of the disorder dynamically anneals out in radiation-assisted processes. Here, we use these two approaches for the minimization of radiation disorder in monoclinic β-Ga2O3 implanted to a dose below the threshold required for the polymorphic transformations. The results obtained by a combination of channeling and x-ray diffraction techniques revealed that implants at 300 °C effectively suppress the defect formation in β-Ga2O3. On the other hand, in order to reach similar crystalline quality in the samples implanted at room temperature, postirradiation anneals in excess of 900 °C are necessary.
The effect of visual speech information on linguistic release from masking
Authors: Williams Brittany T. , Viswanathan Navin , Brouwer Susanne
Published: January 2023

Listeners often experience challenges understanding a person (target) in the presence of competing talkers (maskers). This difficulty reduces with the availability of visual speech information (VSI; lip movements, degree of mouth opening) and during linguistic release from masking (LRM; masking decreases with dissimilar language maskers). We investigate whether and how LRM occurs with VSI. We presented English targets with either Dutch or English maskers in audio-only and audiovisual conditions to 62 American English participants. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was easy at 0 audio-only and −8 dB audiovisual in Experiment 1 and hard at −8 and −16 dB in Experiment 2 to assess the effects of modality on LRM across the same and different SNRs. We found LRM in the audiovisual condition for all SNRs and in audio-only for −8 dB, demonstrating reliable LRM for audiovisual conditions. Results also revealed that LRM is modulated by modality with larger LRM in audio-only indicating that introducing VSI weakens LRM. Furthermore, participants showed higher performance for Dutch maskers compared to English maskers with and without VSI. This establishes that listeners use both VSI and dissimilar language maskers to overcome masking. Our study shows that LRM persists in the audiovisual modality and its strength depends on the modality.