bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Investigation of an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®, for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Swedberg Birger
Published: August 2010

A clinical investigation of an iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®, for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia has been performed. The study was designed to determine the dose schedule, efficacy and tolerance of the drug. Two dose intervals were used, 500 mg of iron once a week or every third day. The study comprised 26 adult patients. After single doses of 500 mg of Ferastral given every third day levels of iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) in serum were estimated. Maximum values of iron in serum after the first injection were reached after 24 hours in two patients, after 48 hours in one and after 72 hours in two patients. After the second injection there was a further increase in the iron concentration with maximum values after 24 to 48 hours. A decrease in UIBC was seen in all patients. Urinary excretion of iron was about 15%. Most of the excretion took place during the first 72 hours following the injection. The haemoglobin increase was more rapid in the group receiving 500 mg of iron every third day. The difference was statistically significant two to four weeks after commencing treatment. After five weeks the difference in haemoglobin increase was no longer statistically significant. After eight weeks the mean haemoglobin had reached 13.1 g/100 ml in the group treated once a week and 13.4 g/100 ml in the group treated every third day. The preparation was well tolerated by all patients treated. No local or general side effects were observed.
Clinical Trial of a New Intramuscular Iron Preparation in Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Lockner D. , Paul C.
Published: August 2010

A new intramuscular iron preparation (Ferastral®) permitting high doses of iron (500 mg) to be given in two simultaneous injections of 250 mg, was tested in 20 courses given to 11 patients with iron deficiency anaemia. The total iron doses given ranged from 1 000–2 500 mg. The amount injected was calculated from the degree of haemoglobin deficiency. Additional 500–1 000 mg iron were given to fill the depots. Haemoglobin regeneration was satisfactory. Bone marrow aspiration to assess storage iron 2–14 weeks after treatment was carried out in most patients and showed restoration of stainable iron in bone marrow in those cases given Ferastral in doses of 500–1 000 mg greater than calculated to normalize haemoglobin concentrations. In two patients with persistent continued blood loss the bone marrow remained negative for stainable iron. Side‐effects were negligible.
Iron‐deficiency in the Tropics
Authors: Fleming A. F.
Published: August 2010

Different populations in the tropics show wide variation in their iron status, even when living in the same area. These differences range from the most profound iron‐deficiency anaemia to nutritional haemosiderosis.

The extremes of dietary iron content so far reported are 5 mg per day in Mauritius to 180 mg per day in Ethiopia. Contamination with inorganic iron is an important source in some communities. Generally, the iron in food is in excess of requirement, but lumenal factors are all important in deciding how much is available for absorption. The iron of some diets is readily absorbed, but in others only a small percentage is utilizable. Hookworm infection is the commonest cause of severe iron‐deficiency in many parts of the world. Its prevalence and its density depends on social habits, and may vary considerably even within tribes. The development of iron‐deficiency anaemia depends on the hookworm load being sufficient to cause iron loss in excess of available intake. Anaemia impairs work capacity, reproductive ability of women and the development of children, and has wide social and economic repercussions.

An intramuscular preparation by which 500 mg of iron may be administered in one injection has most useful application in areas where medical care is minimal.
Clinical Trial of Ferastral® in Iron‐deficient, Non‐pregnant Patients in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Esan G. J. F. , Oluboyede O. A. , Salako L. A. , Akande E. O.
Published: August 2010

Fifteen patients with proven iron‐deficiency anaemia treated with intramuscular injections of Ferastral®, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, have been studied. Fourteen showed a satisfactory rise in haematocrit. No local or systemic complications were observed. One patient with iron‐deficiency anaemia due to a bleeding malignant lesion did not achieve a satisfactory haematocrit level although the bone marrow showed iron repletion following the injection. It is concluded that Ferastral is an effective drug in the treatment of iron‐deficiency anaemia.
Side‐effects and Placental Function in Six Pregnant Women Treated with Ferastral®
Authors: Svanberg B. , Rybo G.
Published: August 2010

A pilot study has been carried out with a new parenteral iron preparation, Ferastral®, in six pregnant women who had previously experienced side‐effects to oral iron. Patients were selected with only marginal anaemia and whose Hb‐concentration (10.3–12.4 g/100 ml) could be considered to be in the low normal range for pregnancy. Each patient received a total dose of 500 mg Ferastral, by the intramuscular route, but the single doses and times administration varied. In the study special attention was given to kidney and liver function, to placental function, and to side‐effects. At birth the infants were assessed by the Apgar score, and the placentae were examined both microscopically and macroscopically.

At the initial Hb‐levels chosen and the Ferastral dose used, no significant changes were observed in Hb‐concentrations. Ferastral did not affect the values of the laboratory parameters of liver and kidney function studied. Placental function was unaffected, as shown by all oestrogen excretion values remaining within the normal range and the amount of estrogens increasing as expected as pregnancy progressed. Careful histological study showed no placental changes which could be related to Ferastral. In none of the infants were the Apgar scores less than 8.

Concerning side‐effects, pain and discolouration at the site of the injection were observed in some cases.
The Treatment of Iron‐deficiency Anaemia with a New Intramuscular Iron Preparation (Ferastral®)
Authors: Ogunbode O. , Oluboyede O. A. , Ayeni O.
Published: August 2010

The treatment of iron‐deficiency anaemia in pregnancy with a new intramuscular iron preparation, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex (Ferastral®), has been assessed and compared with oral iron therapy. Sixty‐one of the eighty‐four patients studied, many of whom had mild to moderate degree of anaemia were treated with Ferastral. The results were satisfactory, the mean increase of haematocrit at the sixth post treatment week was 28.7% for the whole series. Complete correction of anaemia was achieved in most patients between the 4th and 6th week of treatment. The mean haematocrit of the group treated with oral iron was initially significantly higher than for the group treated with Ferastral. At the first follow‐up, two weeks after beginning treatment, the mean values for both groups were similar; at four weeks, those receiving Ferastral had a significantly higher mean PCV than those on oral iron, and remained so through the period of observation.

No side‐effects were detected using 10 ml of Ferastral intramuscularly on alternate days. The mean hospitalization time of patients with severe to moderate anaemia was reduced when given parenteral therapy, and the frequency of blood transfusion in these patients was also decreased.
Ferastral®, an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, in the Treatment of Severe Iron‐deficiency Anaemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Evers J. E. M. , Dujardin M.
Published: August 2010

Thirteen pregnant women with iron‐deficiency anaemia have been treated with Ferastral®. In a further seven women, Ferastral was given 24 hours before delivery, when induction of labour was indicated, to investigation of iron concentration in maternal serum, cord blood and amniotic fluid simultaneously. The efficacy of Ferastral was demonstrated by a significant increase in haemoglobin and haematocrit. No serious reactions occurred and no evidence was found of disturbance of liver or renal function. It was shown that Ferastral does not pass the placental barrier and that no direct transport takes place through the uterine wall or amnion. No effects on the newborn were demonstrated.
Syndrome of Shwachman and Leukaemia
Authors: Huijgens P. C. , van der Veen E. A. , Meijer S. , Muntinghe O. G.
Published: August 2010

The syndrome of Shwachman is characterized by pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow dysfunction, usually manifesting itself as neutropenia. The pancreas shows replacement of the exocrine glands by adipose tissue; sweat electrolytes are normal. A 23‐year‐old male who was known to suffer from neutropenia and pancreatic dysfunction from early childhood, presented with fever, acquired Pelger‐Huet anomaly (of the polymorphonuclear granulocytes) and sideroblastic anaemia, a combination of symptoms suggestive of preleukaemia. A few months later he died of acute myeloblasts leukaemia and autopsy showed a dystrophic pancreas.

Considering this case history it seems possible that the haematological anomalies of Shwachman's syndrome are signs of preleukaemia. Careful follow‐up of patients suffering from Shwachman's syndrome seems warranted.
Light Green Crystals in May‐Grünwald and Giemsa‐Stained Bone Marrow Macrophages in Patients with Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Stavem Per , Ly Bernt , Bjørneklett Arvid
Published: August 2010

A patient in a terminal stage of myelomocytic leukaemia had a number of elongated crystals in many bone marrow macrophages. The crystals were up to 20 micron long, showed a characteristic light green colour with May‐Grünwald & Giemsa, but did not stain with Sudan Black B or PAS. Electron microscopy showed that many of the crystals had a rhomboid form, but failed to show periodicity with the magnification used.

A search was made for similar light green crystalline inclusions in patients with different types of leukaemia. Identical inclusions were found in 2 out of 5 other cases of myelomonocytic leukaemia, and in 3 out of 5 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia. In contrast, such inclusions were not found in any of 6 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, nor in 4 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Serum Ferritin and Erythrocyte 2,3‐DPG during Quantitated Phlebotomy and Iron Treatment
Authors: Birgegård Gunnar , Högman Claes , Killander Andreas , Levander Hans , Simonsson Bengt , Wide Leif
Published: August 2010

Serum ferritin and erythrocyte 2,3‐DPG levels were followed in 3 healthy males who were phlebotomized to iron depletion and a moderate anaemia. In 2 of the subjects, the expected rise in DPG levels was seen but not in the third, in spite of a Hb concentration of 95 g/1. Serum ferritin levels were found to reflect changes in iron stores, and subnormal serum ferritin indicated depleted iron stores. However, there was no correlation between pre‐phlebotomy ferritin levels and calculated iron stores. The conclusion is that no fixed ratio can be established between serum ferritin and iron stores. A single ferritin value within the normal range does not tell how large iron stores a person has. Changes in an individual's iron stores can, however, be detected by repeated ferritin estimations.
Complement‐Dependence of Platelet Serotonin Release Test in Polytransfused Patients
Authors: Gandolfo Giuseppe M. , Afeltra Antonella , Mannella Emilio , Costantini Gemma
Published: August 2010

The research of platelet isoantibodies in patients with Cooley's anaemia was performed by simultaneous determination of the platelet‐complement fixation test, platelet factor 3 availability assay and 14C‐serotonin release test. In 93 % of the examined patients we obtained positive results with the 5HT‐release test, which appeared to be a complement‐dependent reaction in most of the sera‐containing isoantibodies, different from sera of patients affected by autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
Pirimicarb Induced Immune Haemolytic Anaemia in Dogs
Authors: Jackson J. A. , Chart I. S. , Sanderson J. H. , Garner† R.
Published: August 2010

The feeding of pirimicarb (2‐dimethylarnino‐5,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐4‐yl dimethyl‐carbamate) to normal beagle dogs resulted in anaemia in a small number of animals.

Dosing studies confirmed pirimicarb as the causative agent and the anaemia was characterised as haemolytic.

Serological tests revealed the presence of an IgG antibody active only in the presence of pirimicarb. The level of antibody detected was related to the dose of pirimicarb given.
Complement Activation and Phagocytosis of Cryoglobulin Particles in a Patient with Plasma Cell Proliferative Disease
Authors: Stavem Per , Michaelsen Terje E. , Torsvik Harald , Rongved Gunnar
Published: August 2010

The serum of a patient with a non‐aggressive plasma cell proliferative disorder contained two monoclonal immunoglobulins: IgG3λ in moderate concentration and having cryoglobulin features, and IgAκ in low concentration and without cryo‐precipitability.

The patient's serum had low complement concentration and C3 was partly converted into split products in vivo. Complement (C3) together with cryoglobulin and fibrinogen was found by immunofluorescence in sections from skin showing vasculitis. The cryoglobulin particles which formed at room temp, were vividly phagocytized in vitro by neutrophile granulocytes from the patient and from normal individuals as demonstrated in light microscopy and ultramicroscopy.
Immunological Defects in Healthy Twin Siblings to Patients with Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Björkholm M. , Holm G. , de Faire U. , Mellstedt H.
Published: August 2010

We studied the immunocompentence of 6 healthy twins, whose monozygotic or dizygotic same‐sexed twin partner had died from Hodgkin's disease. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by concanavalin A was markedly reduced at 3 different concentrations in all twins compared to an age‐matched group of healthy controls. The lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen and to phytohaemagglutinin was also impaired. PPD induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis was low in 3 twins and correlated well with their delayed skin hypersensitivity to the antigen. One twin was completely anergic to 3 different skin antigens. The mean total blood lymphocyte count did not differ from that of controls. There was no change in T‐ or B‐lymphocyte subpopula‐tions. The presence of a functional lymphocyte deficiency in all twins strongly suggests that the immunodeficiency in Hodgkin's disease is partly caused by genetic and/or environmental factors.
Stem Cells and Small Lymphocytes of Congenitally Asplenic‐Athymic Mice Quantitative and Autoradiographic Results
Authors: Röpke C.
Published: August 2010

A new type of animal: Mice with congenital absence of both the spleen and the thymus (ASAT mice) have been investigated. Haemato‐ and lymphocytopoietic findings in these mice were compared to findings in congenitally asplenic (AS), congenitally athymic (AT), and normal mice. Major findings were: (1) Normal numbers of CFU‐S in bone marrow of ASAT mice and presence of CFU‐S in lymph nodes of these mice, (2) High numbers of theta‐positive cells in the bone marrow of ASAT and AT mice, (3) Low numbers of bone marrow lymphocytes as well as thoracic duct lymphocytes in ASAT and AT mice, and (4) Comparable proliferative kinetics of small lymphocytes in all 4 groups of mice, an exception being a rapid appearance of newly‐formed small lymphocytes in thoracic duct and lymph nodes of ASAT mice.
Atypical Surface Marker Characteristics in a T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Janossy G. , McVerry B. A. , Goldstone A. H. , Souhami R. L. , Cawley J. C. , Thompson D. S.
Published: August 2010

A case of T‐cell lymphoma with an unusual phenotype is described. The majority of malignant tumour cells did not form E‐rosettes, and lacked surface immunoglobulin but reacted with an antiserum to T cells and thymocytes. Localised acid phosphatase and non‐specific alpha naphthol acid esterase activities and a prominent, convoluted, nuclear pattern in some neoplastic cells also supported the T cell derivation. The results demonstrate the importance of using a panel of markers for identification of the cellular derivation of some lymphomas.
Anaemia in Middle‐Aged Men
Authors: Hedstrand Hans , Killander Andreas
Published: August 2010

A health examination survey showed that 5.7 % of 2322 middle‐aged men had a haematocrit value below 40 %. Only 1.2 % had two consecutive low values. 14 men had no bone marrow haemosiderin and increased their haematocrits following iron therapy. In 13 men with no cause of the anaemia detected there was also a significant increase in haematocrit following therapy. The true prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in this population may be estimated to about 1 %.
Human Leukaemia Associated Antigen (LAA):
Authors: Berg K. , Noer G. , Stavem P.
Published: August 2010

Serum leukaemia‐associated antigen (LAA) is identified as an oncofetal antigen (or antigens) since it is present in fetal liver and in amniotic fluid. Although it is mainly found in patients with proliferative haematological disorders, particularly acute leukaemias and chronic myelogenous leukaemia, LAA is occasionally present in sera from healthy people.

In protein fractionation experiments, LAA behaves as a distinct population of molecules and has the characteristics of an α2‐β‐globulin, not carrying any lipids. The origin of LAA in haematological disorders is unknown. Its presence does not correlate with high white blood cell count, although antibody to LAA has been raised in animals injected with blast cells from leukaemia patients. LAA is distinct from α‐fetoprotein, and we have observed a reaction of immunolog‐ical non‐identity between LAA and ferritin. This is of considerable interest since ferritin has been reported to be immunologically closely related to α2H‐globulin which may occur in the same categories of patients as LAA. It is preliminary concluded that LAA as defined by our antisera may be different from α2H‐globulin and ferritin.
Human Tissues as Source of Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Human Bone Marrow Cultures
Authors: Knudtzon S. , Hertz W.
Published: August 2010

Human bone marrow cells were cultured by the agar method using feeder layers containing human tissue fragments of various origin. Colony stimulating factor (CSF) was shown to be released from all tissues tested (adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, peritoneum and vascular wall), and primary cultures of human fibroblasts could also stimulate colony growth. Colony growth of murine bone marrow cells was also stimulated by all feeder layers. Thus, the study demonstrates that monocytes and macrophages might not be the only source of CSF of possible importance for human granulopoiesis in vivo.
Experience on the Treatment of Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia (CML) in Blastic Crisis
Authors: Mandelli F. , Amadori S. , Alimena G. , Annino L. , Nardelli S. , Papa G.
Published: August 2010

A group of 50 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia in blastic crisis were treated with different chemotherapeutic regimens. A total of 19 remissions (6 CR + 13 PR) were achieved with an overall and complete response rate of 38 % and 12 % respectively. Of the 4 patients presenting with a lymphoblast‐like appearance of the blasts, the 3 treated with the combination of vincristine and prednisone all achieved remission (2 CR + 1 PR). Duration of survival was significantly longer in responding patients (median 11.5 versus 4.5 months).

Either more effective therapeutic regimens or prevention by aggressively approaching the chronic phase are to be sought in order to improve the prognosis of blastic crisis of CML.
Side effects of antihemophilic concentrates
Authors: Mannucci P. M.
Published: August 2010

Liver disease and thromboembolism are the most frequent and severe side effects associated with the use of clotting‐factor concentrates in haemophiliacs. Knowledge and careful evaluation of the risk factors related to their development appear to be the most reasonable policy for prevention. Hemolysis due to significant isoantibody infusion and bleeding associated to abnormal platelet function occur more rarely during intensive replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates. Finally, abnormalities of renal function have been observed in a number of patients, though they seem to be of minor clinical importance. These complications do not justify withdrawal or limitation of the very effective and life‐changing use of concentrates. However, awareness of their occurrence and of their danger requires that specialized hemophilia centres carry out, at frequent intervals, clinical and laboratory testing of the target organs to allow an early detection.
Isoimmunization in Haemophiliacs
Authors: Louizou C. , Panayotopoulou C. , Antonopoulou A. , Mandalaki T.
Published: August 2010

Serum samples from 134 Greek haemophiliacs multitransfused with fresh frozen plasma and factor ‐ VIII or factor ‐ IX concentrates were investigated for the presence of blood group antibodies. All samples were tested against a panel of selected cells of known but differing genotype. The incidence of blood group antibodies was 12.7 96. Anti‐D was found in 6 out of the 17 immunized patients, i.e., 35.3 % of D‐negative haemophiliacs were sensitized. It is concluded that the high incidence of immunization is a serious complication of repeated plasma transfusions.
Detection of Anti‐Red Blood Cell Antibodies by Treatment of the Cells with Neuraminidase
Authors: Katz A. , Klajman A. , Yaretzky A. , Steiner Z. P. , Knyszynski Ahuva
Published: August 2010

Neuraminidase treated RBC were used to detect incomplete unbound anti RBC antibodies in the plasma of patients with immune diseases. 80% (48 out of 60) of the examined patients gave positive results with this method while all the 50 normal normal controls were negative.

The indirect antiglobulin test was negative in all the patients. In the direct antiglobulin test only two RBC samples, whether treated with neuraminidase or not, gave positive results.

The present study indicates that the assay of plasma on neuraminidase treated RBC may serve as a sensitive method for the detection of the presence of anti RBC antibodies in various immunological diseases.
Microcalorimetric Measurements of Heat Production in Erythrocytes of Patients with Chronic Uraemia
Authors: Monti M.
Published: August 2010

The metabolic activity in the erythrocytes of 12 patients with chronic uraemia was studied by a microcalorimetric method. When the pentose phosphate pathway activity of erythrocytes was stimulated with 10−4 M methylene blue (MB), significantly higher levels of heat effect were found in the group of uraemic patients than in a group of healthy subjects. The difference between the 2 groups was higher in plasma (p < 0.005) than in phosphate buffer suspensions (p < 0.05). The ratio between the mean values for the 2 groups was 1.18 both in plasma and in phosphate‐buffer. Also for unstimulated cells the heat effect values were higher in the group of uraemic patients than in the control group. The ratio was 1.21 (p < 0.005) and 1.14 (p < 0.05) for plasma and buffer suspensions, respectively. The present results are in disagreement with previous reports, according to which haemolytic anaemia among uraemic patients is due to decreased erythrocyte aerobic metabolism.
In vitro Culture of Leukaemic Cells from 81 Patients with Acute Leukaemia
Authors: Knudtzon S.
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow and/or blood cells from 81 patients with acute leukaemia, including 50 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, were cultured in vitro using the agar culture method. The cells were cultured either in a single layer assay or with a normal source of colony stimulating factor (CSF) included in the culture. In almost all cases an abnormal growth pattern was seen, ranging between no growth and an excessive number of clusters. Immature granulocytic cells and macrophages were the dominating cell types in clusters and colonies from 14 out of 16 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

In the patients with acute myeloid leukaemia the remission induction rate was found to be related to the cluster incidence. Thus, 75 % of the patients with a cluster incidence between 0–100 obtained a complete remission (CR), while only 31 % of the patients with a high cluster incidence (> 1000 / 2 times 105 cells) obtained a remission. Cluster formation in the unstimulated cultures of CSF‐sensitive cells did not seem to be of prognostic value.

The correlation between prognosis and in vitro growth in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia stresses the need of obtaining more insight in those factors other than drug sensitivity, which are of importance for the therapeutic response.
Ph1‐Negative Eosinophilic Leukaemia with Trisomy 8 Case Report and Review of Cytogenetic Studies
Authors: Weinfeld Aleksander , Westin Jan , Swolin BirgittA
Published: August 2010

A case of eosinophilic leukaemia of the mature cell type in a 73‐year‐old man is described. Bone marrow chromosomes were studied in direct preparations on 3 occasions. With the G‐ and Q‐banding techniques an extra chromosome number 8 was observed in all metaphases. There was no Ph1‐chromosome. Therapy with vin‐cristine and prednisone produced remissions but the course of the disease was accelerated.

Review of the literature and study of the present case suggests that eosinophilic leukaemia like CGL may be divided into a Ph1‐positive and a Ph1‐negative group. In both groups karyotype abnormalities may be present and might herald a downhill course.
Increase of Proliferative Activity of Leukaemic Blast Cells from Human Peripheral Blood in Liquid Culture
Authors: Kurrle E. , Schmücker H. , Hoelzer D.
Published: August 2010

The proliferative behaviour of leukaemic blast cells from the peripheral blood of 12 patients suffering from acute leukaemia was investigated in short term liquid culture. In 3 cases of AML an increase of the blast cell number was observed exceeding the initial value whereas in 9 other cases the cell number decreased more or less rapidly. In 9 of these patients the proliferation kinetics of the cultured leukaemic blast cells were studied with 3H‐thymidine labelling. In all these cases the labelling index increased during the first days of culture, in 3 cases to values of 48 %, 45 % and 38 % on day 3. Only in 5 cases, however, did an absolute increase of the blast cells incorporating 3H‐thymidine occur. Here the doubling times of the proliferating leukaemic blast cells were estimated to be 12, 13, 14, 28 and 55 h. Since a doubling time of 12 to 14 h seems to be too short to be explained only by an exponential growth of the initially proliferating cells it is postulated that leukaemic blast cells in a G0‐ or long G1‐phase were present in the peripheral blood of these patients and that these entered the cell cycle during liquid culture.
Hodgkin's Disease and Acute Leukaemia A Clinical and Cytogenetic Study
Authors: Cavallin‐Ståhl E. , Landberg T. , Ottow Z. , Mitelman F.
Published: August 2010

Three patients developing acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment for Hodgkin's disease are reported. They appeared among 153 patients treated since 1971. All three patients were treated with high‐voltage radiation of large target volumes as well as multiple‐drug chemotherapy. In two of the patients chromosomal analyses of the leukaemic bone marrow cells were performed by modern banding technique. Chromosome abnormalities were found in both patients. The value of cytogenetic analysis with the new staining techniques for elucidating the mechanism of leukaemogenesis in Hodgkin's disease is discussed.
Mitotic Activity of the Granulopoietic Precursor Cells in the Peripheral Blood in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Sjögren U.
Published: August 2010

The mitotic indices (MI) of granulopoietic precursor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow were studied in 38 patients with typical chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in the chronic phase. The MI in the peripheral blood were very low, in the median 0.07 %, compared to those in the bone marrow with a median of 1.07 %. The blood MI were significantly increasing with raising WCC and the values of the MI above the median were combined with short survival times. The bone marrow MI were negatively correlated to the blood MI and it is suggested that this is a sign of an increased exchange of cells between bone marrow and blood.
Distribution of B, T, and O Lymphocytes in Blood and Tissues of Normal Humans Reflecting a Kinetic Model
Authors: Jønsson Viggo , Christensen Bjarne Egelund
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of the lymphocyte subpopulations TE, BFo, BC3, BFc + C3, BIg, and O‐, percentage as well as absolute, was studied in lymphocyte suspensions from tonsils, abdominal lymph nodes, spleens, bone‐marrow aspirates, and at the same time in venous blood. The absolute lymphocyte content (number of lymphocytes per g tissue) was highest in the abdominal lymph nodes, lower in the spleens and tonsils, and lowest in the blood. TE lymphocytes were found in the significantly highest percentage, 60%, in the blood. B lymphocytes, comprising BFc+C3 plus BIg, were present in the highest percentage in the bone marrow: 74%. Tonsils, spleens, and abdominal lymph nodes contained fewer B lymphocytes, and the blood fewest: 39%.

A significant correlation was found only between the absolute numbers of T and B lymphocytes. A relationship between the absolute number of T lymphocytes and the total number of B lymphocytes as well as fractions thereof was thus demonstrated in the various tissues and in the blood and also between the blood and the tissue. O‐ lymphocytes were found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleens, apparently as markerless precursors of other subpopulations. The main conclusion of the study is: In the lymphocytokinetic system the T lymphocytes must play a guiding role as an afferent vector, trigging the B fractions which thus constitute the efferent vector of the system.
Hepatitis, Type B in Haemophiliacs
Authors: Holsteen Vibeke , Skinhøj Peter , Cohn Jørgen
Published: August 2010

36 children aged 3 to 18 years receiving substitution therapy for haemophilia during the period 1970 to 1976 were studied for infection with hepatitis B virus by assays for HBSAg, anti‐HBS, and anti‐HBC. Clinical hepatitis B occurred in 3 patients (8%) and serological evidence of infection was found in further 13 (36%).

The occurrence of infection was associated with age but less so with the total amount of transfusion. Estimates of the risk of infection by clotting factor material of different origin indicated a figure of 1:53,000 I.U. for Danish volunteer donor preparations as well as for commercial products, the risk being apparently increased following the use of pooled blood donor material and non‐Scandinavian products respectively.
Constant Post‐Irradiation Repopulation Rates and Linear Relationship between Cellular Blood Response and Number of Transplanted Bone Marrow Cells in Inbread Mice
Authors: Petersen Bjørn H.
Published: August 2010

Graded doses of syngeneic bone marrow cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice. Repopulation curves of peripheral blood granulocytes and platelets were apparently exponential and parallel after doses larger than 5 times 105 cells. The blood platelet Td was reduced from 111 h to 53–57 h, and granulocyte Td from 57 to 40 h in transplanted groups.

The mean blood cell counts were reproducible enough to be used as a biological assay of the amount of bone marrow cells transplanted. Linear relationship between increment of blood cells up to day 16 and number of bone marrow cells transplanted on day 1 was demonstrated (1,200 granulocytes and 14,300 platelets/μl blood per 105 bone marrow cells). The linearity suggested a mean Td < 22.5 h of proliferating bone marrow cells, and allowed a rough estimation of mouse bone marrow stem cell radio‐sensitivity (Do 76 rad).
Elevated Serum Ferritin in Children with Malignancies
Authors: Siimes M. A. , Wang W. C. , Dallman P. R.
Published: August 2010

Serum ferritin (SF) is elevated in adults with malignancies, chronic inflammatory disease, liver disease and iron overload. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the concentration of SF in children with a variety of malignancies correlated with the activity of their disease. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at initial diagnosis (n = 11) and relapse (n = 15) had a mean SF of 238 and 338 ng/ ml, respectively, compared to the normal mean of 31 ng/ml and range of 7 to 140 ng/ml in children. In 30 patients with ALL in remission the mean SF was 109 ng/ml, less than the values in patients with active disease and greater than the normal mean (P < 0.001). The concentration of SF was also increased in a group of 77 patients with a variety of solid tumors. The 28 cases with active disease had a mean SF of 242 ng/ml, significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the value of 84 ng/ml in 49 patients with no evidence of residual tumor. The differences in SF concentration did reflect the activity of disease in the groups as a whole but it remains uncertain whether the assay will prove useful in following the response to treatment of patients with certain types of tumor.
Morphological Differences between Sub‐Populations of Human Lymphocytes Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kelly Graham E. , Nockolds Clive E.
Published: August 2010

Human lymphoid cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see if a correlation existed between surface morphologic features and the presence of various surface markers and receptors. When viewed by SEM thymocytes appeared as smooth‐surfaced cells with few surface microvilli; peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) on the other hand were moderately to densely villate with no entirely smooth‐surfaced cells observed. Surface morphology within PBL samples was not uniform, due mainly to variations in the shape and number of microvilli. However, 2 distinctive types of surface morphology (termed Types 1 and 2) were discernable with a small number of cells displaying features of both groups (Type 3). The majority of E‐rosette forming cells (T lymphocytes) displayed Type 1 and the majority of cells bearing demonstrable surface immunoglobulin (B lymphocytes) displayed Type 2 morphology. Exposure of PBL to anti‐T cell specific ALG resulted in cytolysis of cells with Type 1 morphology while cells with Type 2 morphology appeared largely unaffected. PBL with Fc and C3 receptors displayed all 3 types of morphology. It is concluded that T and B lymphocytes do have subtle but nevertheless discernable differences in surface morphology and within these 2 groups, variations in surface morphology are probably associated with changes in the physiological status of the cell.
Renal Salvage of Haemoglobin Iron
Authors: Pshetisky Dov , Hershko Chaim
Published: August 2010

Recycling of radioiron by renal tubular cells was studied in rats labelled by the i.v. injection of free 59Fe‐Hb. Within 24 h, most of the renal radioactivity has been transferred from Hb to cellular ferritin and haemosiderin. Between day 1 and 14 of the study, urinary loss of radioactivity was less than 1 % and most of the reduction in renal radioactivity represented transfer of renal iron into the circulation. An unexpected flexibility in the ability of rat kidney to recycle iron into the body has been found ranging from 13 % in hypertransfused rats to 70 % in bled animals. The high rate of renal iron transfer in bled animals was maintained under experimental conditions simulating chronic haemoglobinuria when most of the Hb removed by bleeding has been reinjected in the form of soluble Hb. Thus, epithelial cells in rat kidney as well as in the gut, appear to be able to transport iron with a much greater efficiency than in man, thereby contributing to the supply of iron for the rapid rates of growth and reproduction characteristic of this animal species.
Cytochemical Demonstration of Dihydrofolate Reductase in Leukaemia and Other Haematological Diseases
Authors: Tzortzatou Fotini
Published: August 2010

The dihydrofolate reductase activity has been studied cytochemically in various haematological diseases. The variation between normal controls, Hodgkin's disease, myeloma, polycythaemia vera, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia was not significant, comparing the same type of cells.

In acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia the blast cells were weakly positive or negative. This finding is very interesting as the blast cells are capable of division. Probably the dihydrofolate reductase appears in the blast cells in some stage of mitosis.

Lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin showed increased enzyme activity compared with normal non‐stimulated lymphocytes. The ‘blast like’ cells were more strongly positive than the blast cells of leukaemic patients. The patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia treated with methotrexate showed increased dihydrofolate reductase activity cytochemically.
A Deficient Pyruvate Kinase with an Electrophoretically Slow‐Moving Component
Authors: Boivin Pierre , Galand Colette , Lausecker Charles
Published: August 2010

A deficient erythrocyte pyruvate kinase observed in a patient with congenital non‐spherocytic anaemia was characterized by the following properties: very low activity in haemolysates, decreased thermal stability, slightly increased urea denaturation, high affinity for PEP, poor FDP activation, normal ATP inhibition, decreased affinity for ADP, normal pH of optimal activity, and presence of an abnormal slow‐moving component in this layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patient was probably double heterozygous for two different deficient mutants of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase.
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemias in Thailand
Authors: Kruatrachue M. , Sirisinha S.
Published: August 2010

100 cases of autoimmune haemolytic anaemias (AIHA) in Thailand were analyzed. Clinical and immunological aspects of the disease were compared with those described in other parts of the world. Racial differences, especially between Thais and Caucasian, were emphasized. Thai patients show the following distinctions: (1) AIHA tends to occur in people of a younger age group, predominantly in females, (2) a rare occurrence of AIHA of cold‐antibody type, an incidence which significantly differs from that in Caucasians, and (3) the autoantibodies consist of more than one immunoglobulin class in more than 50 % of cases. Possible factors that might contribute to these differences were discussed.
Effects of Acute Myocardial Ischaemia on Platelet Aggregation in the Coronary Sinus and Aorta in Dogs
Authors: Vik‐Mo Harald
Published: August 2010

The effect of an acute myocardial ischaemia on circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) in the coronary sinus and aorta was studied in open chest dogs. Even before induction of myocardial ischaemia significantly more CPA were found in the coronary sinus than in the aorta. Acute myocardial ischaemia produced by a non‐thrombotic coronary artery occlusion increased CPA in coronary sinus, but not in aorta.

Administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) reduced the extent of the myocardial ischaemia as evidenced by reduced ST‐segment elevations in epicardial ECG. Before induction of myocardial ischaemia, ASA significantly reduced CPA in coronary sinus, but no significant effect was observed during myocardial ischaemia. In the aorta no effect of ASA on CPA was found.
Enhancing Effect of Levamisole on the Phagocytic Activity of Human Neutrophil Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes in vitro
Authors: Molin Lars , Stendahl Olle
Published: August 2010

The effect of levamisole on the phagocytic activity of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes has been studied in vitro. In concentrations comparable with the serum levels obtained in treatment with levamisole perorally, the engulfment of heat‐killed yeast cells is moderately but significantly increased. It is shown that levamisole can only stimulate phagocytosis of adequately opsonized particles. The action of the drug is still unknown but appears to be directly linked to the phagocytic cell.
Flaming Promyelocytes in Acute Hypergranular Promyelocytic Leukaemia Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Stavem Per , Ly Bernt , Egeberg Olav , Bull Otto
Published: August 2010

Flaming in the peripheral parts of promyelocytes was seen in 3 out of 4 patients with acute hypergranular promyelocytic leukaemia. In one of these patients (ER) the flaming was quite marked, and electron microscopy showed the flaming to correspond to greatly dilated cisternae of the RER.
Microcalorimetric Studies of Human Platelet Metabolism at Rest Influence of pH, Temperature, Cell Concentration, Preparation Methods and Storage
Authors: Monti M. , Wadsö I.
Published: August 2010

Heat production in human platelets has been measured under different conditions of pH, temp., cell concentration, preparation and storage time.

The heat effect was found to increase linearly in the pH range 7.00–7.95, by 20 % per pH unit. The temp. coefficient for the heat effect was determined to be Q10 = 2.0 for the temp. interval 32–42° C. Heat production per cell was not significantly affected by variations in cell concentration, or by storage for several hours at room temp. When citrate replaced heparin as anticoagulant significantly higher heat effect values were found.
The in Vitro Production of Erythropoietin and Thrombopoietin
Authors: Ogle Jane W. , Dunn C. D. R. , McDonald T. P. , Lange R. D.
Published: August 2010

In order to determine if there were any relationships between thrombopoietin, erythropoietin and erythrogenin, supernatant fluids from culture lines of foetal mouse liver, foetal and adult bovine kidney, and adult rabbit kidney cells have been assayed for their content of the presumptive humoral regulators of haematopoiesis. Hormone production varied markedly from one culture line to another confirming other studies that the optimal culture conditions for the generation of haematologically‐active hormones have not been delineated. The lack of any discernable relationship between the production of thrombopoietin and erythropoietin, thrombopoietin and erythrogenin or erythropoietin and erythrogenin suggests that these materials represent three distinct entities.
Pre‐Morbid Factors in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Andersen Erik , Isager Henrik
Published: August 2010

In young adults with Hodgkin's disease, cell mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated retrospectively from their health records. The register of records from the school health service of the Copenhagen Council was scrutinized in order to find the records of those with HD born between 1930 and 1950 in whom the disease had been diagnosed between 1943 and 1975. Whenever possible, three controls were selected from the register for each case; they were comparable in respect of sex, year and month of birth and socio‐economic background. The material consisted of 63 cases and 182 controls. Information regarding BCG‐vaccinations, tuberculin skin‐tests, the frequency of tuberculosis, bacterial and viral diseases, and of tonsilectomy, adenoidectomy and appendectomy was obtained from the school health records. 2 HD patients have had tuberculosis versus none in the control group. Complications to or prolonged course of viral diseases were reported neither in HD patients nor in controls. No significant differences were found in the frequency of BCG‐vaccination, tuberculin reactivity, viral and bacterial diseases, adenoidectomy, tonsilectomy and appendectomy. Therefore our findings do not support the concept of a pre‐morbid CMI deficiency state in HD.
A Case of Intrarenal Artery Stenosis Associated with Erythrocytosis
Authors: Maezawa Masaji , Takaku Fumimaro , Muto Yoshitomo , Mizoguchi Hideaki , Miura Yasusada
Published: August 2010

A case of erythrocytosis with increased plasma erythropoietin level was reported. Peripheral leucocytes and thrombocytes were normal. No splenomegaly was detected. Studies to find underlying disorders causing increased plasma erythropoietin level and erythrocytosis revealed no abnormalities except for the thickened and tortuous interlobular and afferent arteries in the kidney. This change was suggested as the cause of erythrocytosis found in this case.
Erythrocytosis and Wilms' Tumour
Authors: Slee Peter H. Th. J. , Blussé Adolph , de la Rivière Guy Brutel , den Ottolander Gerard J.
Published: August 2010

A Wilms' tumour was diagnosed in an 18‐year‐old male patient with erythrocytosis. After radical excision of the tumour and postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy, the erythrocytosis disappeared and did not recur during a 2‐year observation period. The levels of erythropoiesis‐stimulating activity in serum and in the renal mass suggest the tumour as the source of this activity. The rarity of the association is discussed and a review of the literature is given.
Bone Marrow Culture and Autoradiography of IgA Myeloma Plasmocytes with Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies
Authors: Joshua Henry , Grinblat Joseph , Presentey Benzion , Levitus Zigmond
Published: August 2010

Two cases of IgA myeloma, characterized by intranuclear inclusion bodies, stained positively with anti‐IgA fluorescent conjugate and only faintly by the PAS method. Electron micrographs showed distension of the endoplasmic reticulum with accumulation of amorphous material of low electron density. The intranuclear inclusion bodies consisted of the same material, encircled by a single sheeted membrane, identical and sometimes continuous with the internal layer of the perinuclear membrane. Autoradiography of the bone marrow cells after incubation for different periods with 14C‐leucine showed the appearance of the radioactive label, first in the cytoplasm, then on the perinuclear membrane, and finally in the inclusion bodies themselves. Bone marrow cultures showed progressive swelling of the inclusions resulting in the disruption of the cells.

These findings confirm the opinion that intranuclear inclusion bodies originate from distension of the perinuclear cistern by accumulated immunoglobulin with subsequent invagination into the nucleus. The cases displayed a different clinical course despite the structural similarity of the intranuclear bodies.
Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia Occurring at the Same Time in Husband and Wife
Authors: Ly Bernt , Stavem Per , Saltvedt Erling
Published: August 2010

Acute myelogenous leukaemia was diagnosed within a 1 week's interval in a married couple without consanguinity. The husband had acute myelomonocytic leukaemia whereas the wife had acute myelogenous leukaemia of the classical type. Neither the histories nor findings contributed to an understanding of leukaemogenesis. The calculated risk that a husband and wife should develop acute myelogenous leukaemia within the same year is approximately 1:400 millions.
Effects of Prednisolone in 6 Cases of Glucocorticoid Receptor‐Positive CLL
Authors: Simonsson Bengt , Terenius Lars , Nilsson Kenneth
Published: August 2010

The effect of treatment with prednisolone on clinical and laboratory variables was studied in 6 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The laboratory variables analyzed on the leukaemic cells were surface immunoglobulin (S‐Ig), sheep red blood cell receptors (SRBC), proliferative activity (PI) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR).

In all cases the CLL was of B‐cell type and the leukaemic cells contained a significant amount of GR. 4 out of 6 patients had a progressive disease with increased PI. On treatment they went into clinical remission, which was paralleled by a reduction in the leukaemic B‐cell number and in PI. The amount of GR was unaffected. In 2 patients with nonprogressive disease, prednisolone produced no clearcut effect on clinical or laboratory variables.