bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-22 drives a metabolic adaptive reprogramming to maintain mitochondrial fitness and treat liver injury
Authors: Chen Wei , Zai Wenjing , Fan Jiajun , Zhang Xuyao , Luan Jingyun , Wang Yichen , Shen Yilan , Wang Ziyu , Dai Shixuan , Fang Si , Ju Dianwen
Published: January 2020

Interleukin 22 (IL-22) is an epithelial survival cytokine that is at present being explored as therapeutic agents for acute and chronic liver injury. However, its molecular basis of protective activities remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that IL-22 inhibits the deteriorating metabolic states induced by stimuli in hepatocytes. Specifically, we provide evidence that IL-22 promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis and regulates the metabolic reprogramming related transcriptional responses. IL-22 controls metabolic regulators and enzymes activity through the induction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby ameliorating mitochondrial. The upstream effector lncRNA H19 also participates in the controlling of these metabolic processes in hepatocytes. Importantly, amelioration of liver injury by IL-22 through activation of metabolism relevant signaling and regulation of mitochondrial function are further demonstrated in cisplatin-induced liver injury and steatohepatitis. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism underscoring the regulation of metabolic profiles of hepatocytes by IL-22 during liver injury, which might provide useful insights from the bench to the clinic in treating and preventing liver diseases.

Graphical Abstract

Our works demonstrate a critical role of IL-22 in regulating hepatocellular metabolism to treat liver injury via activating STAT3-lncRNA H19-AMPK-AKT-mTOR axis. These findings describe a novel mechanism underscoring the regulation of metabolic states of hepatocytes by IL-22 during liver injury with potentially broad therapeutic insights.
Three previously characterized resistances to yellow rust are encoded by a single locusWtk1
Authors: Klymiuk Valentyna , Fatiukha Andrii , Raats Dina , Bocharova Valeria , Huang Lin , Feng Lihua , Jaiwar Samidha , Pozniak Curtis , Coaker Gitta , Dubcovsky Jorge , Fahima Tzion
Published: January 2020

The wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidumssp.dicoccoides; WEW) yellow (stripe) rust resistance genesYr15, YrG303andYrH52were discovered in natural populations from different geographic locations. They all localize to chromosome 1B but were thought to be non-allelic based on differences in resistance response. We recently clonedYr15as aWheat Tandem Kinase 1(WTK1) and showed here that these three resistance loci co-segregate in fine-mapping populations and share identical full-length genomic sequence of functionalWtk1. Independent EMS mutagenized susceptibleyrG303andyrH52lines carried single nucleotide mutations inWtk1that disrupted function. A comparison of the mutations foryr15, yrG303andyrH52mutants showed that while key conserved residues were intact, other conserved regions in critical kinase subdomains were frequently affected. Thus, we concluded thatYr15-, YrG303-andYrH52-mediated resistances to yellow rust are encoded by a single locusWtk1. Introgression ofWtk1into multiple genetic backgrounds resulted in variable phenotypic responses, confirming thatWtk1-mediated resistance is part of a complex immune response network. WEW natural populations subjected to natural selection and adaptation have potential to serve as a good source for evolutionary studies of different traits and multifaceted gene networks.

Highlight

We demonstrate thatYr15, YrG303andYrH52resistances are encoded by theWtk1locus, but express variable resistance responses to yellow rust in a genetic background dependent manner.
Integrative computational approach identifies new targets in CD4+ T cell-mediated immune disorders
Authors: Puniya Bhanwar Lal , Amin Rada , Lichter Bailee , Moore Robert , Ciurej Alex , Townsend Sydney , Shah Ab Rauf , Barberis Matteo , Helikar Tomáš
Published: January 2020

CD4+ T cells provide adaptive immunity against pathogens and abnormal cells, and they are also associated with various immune related diseases. CD4+ T cells’ metabolism is dysregulated in these pathologies and represents an opportunity for drug discovery and development. Genome-scale metabolic modeling offers an opportunity to accelerate drug discovery by providing high-quality information about possible target space in the context of a modeled disease. Here, we develop genome-scale models of naïve, Th1, Th2 and Th17 CD4+ T cell subtypes to map metabolic perturbations in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and primary biliary cholangitis. We subjected these models toin silicosimulations for drug response analysis of existing FDA-approved drugs, and compounds. Integration of disease-specific differentially expressed genes with altered reactions in response to metabolic perturbations identified 68 drug targets for the three autoimmune diseases.In vitroexperimental validations together with literature-based evidence showed that modulation of fifty percent of identified drug targets has been observed to lead to suppression of CD4+ T cells, further increasing their potential impact as therapeutic interventions. The used approach can be generalized in the context of other diseases, and novel metabolic models can be further used to dissect CD4+ T cell metabolism.
Disputing space-based biases in unilateral complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Halicka Monika , Vittersø Axel D , McCullough Hayley , Goebel Andreas , Heelas Leila , Proulx Michael J , Bultitude Janet H
Published: January 2020

There is some evidence that people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) show reduced attention to the affected relative to unaffected limb and its surrounding space, resembling hemispatial neglect after brain injury. These neuropsychological symptoms could be related to central mechanisms of pathological pain and contribute to its clinical manifestation. However, the existing evidence of changes in spatial cognition is limited and often inconsistent. We examined visuospatial attention, the mental representation of space, and spatially-defined motor function in 54 people with unilateral upper-limb CRPS and 22 pain-free controls. Contrary to our hypotheses and previous evidence, individuals with CRPS did not show any systematic spatial biases in visuospatial attention to or representation of the side of space corresponding to their affected limb (relative to the unaffected side). We found very little evidence of directional slowing of movements towards the affected relative to unaffected side that would be consistent with motor neglect. People with CRPS were, however, slower than controls to initiate and execute movements with both their affected and unaffected hands, which suggests disrupted central motor networks. Finally, we found no evidence of any clinical relevance of changes in spatial cognition because there were no relationships between the magnitude of spatial biases and the severity of pain or other CRPS symptoms. The results did reveal potential relationships between CRPS pain and symptom severity, subjective body perception disturbance, and extent of motor impairment, which would support treatments focused on normalizing body representation and improving motor function. Our findings suggest that previously reported spatial biases in CRPS might have been overstated.
In vivoelectrophysiological validation of DREADD-based inhibition of pallidal neurons in the non-human primate
Authors: Deffains Marc , Haï Nguyen Tho , Orignac Hugues , Biendon Nathalie , Dovero Sandra , Bezard Erwan , Boraud Thomas
Published: January 2020

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are widely used in rodents to manipulate neuronal activity and establish causal links between structure and function. Their utilization in non-human primates (NHPs) is however limited and their efficacy still debated. Here, we tested DREADD expression in the NHP external globus pallidus (GPe) and electrophysiologically validated DREADD-based inhibition of GPe neurons in the anesthetized monkey.To do so, we performed intracerebral injections of viral construct expressing hM4Di receptor under a neuron-specific promoter into the GPe. Then, we recorded the neuronal activity in the DREADD-transduced (test condition) and DREADD-free (control condition) GPe of two anesthetized animals following local intra-GPe microinjection of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). In total, 19 and 8 well-isolated and stable units were recorded in the DREADD-transduced and DREADD-free GPe, respectively. Overall, we found that almost half (9/19) of the units modulated their activity following CNO injection in DREADD-transduced GPe. Surprisingly, neuronal activity of the GPe units exhibited diverse patterns in timing and polarity (increase/decrease) of firing rate modulations during and after CNO injection. Nevertheless, decreases were exclusive and stronger after CNO injection. In contrast, only one unit modulated its activity after CNO injection in DREADD-free GPe. Moreover, post-mortem histochemical analysis revealed that hM4Di DREADDs were expressed at high level in the GPe neurons located in the vicinity of the viral construct injection sites. Our results therefore showin vivoDREADD-based inhibition of pallidal neurons in the NHP model and reinforce the view that DREADD technology can be effective in NHPs.
Versatile and robust genome editing with Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR1-Cas9
Authors: Agudelo Daniel , Carter Sophie , Velimirovic Minja , Duringer Alexis , Rivest Jean-François , Levesque Sébastien , Loehr Jeremy , Mouchiroud Mathilde , Cyr Denis , Waters Paula J. , Laplante Mathieu , Moineau Sylvain , Goulet Adeline , Doyon Yannick
Published: January 2020

Targeting definite genomic locations using CRISPR-Cas systems requires a set of enzymes with unique protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) compatibilities. To expand this repertoire, we engineered nucleases, cytosine base editors, and adenine base editors from the archetypal Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR1-Cas9 (St1Cas9) system. We found that St1Cas9 strain variants enable targeting to five distinct A-rich PAMs and provide a structural basis for their specificities. The small size of this ortholog enables expression of the holoenzyme from a single adeno-associated viral vector for in vivo editing applications. Delivery of St1Cas9 to the neonatal liver efficiently rewired metabolic pathways, leading to phenotypic rescue in a mouse model of hereditary tyrosinemia. These robust enzymes expand and complement current editing platforms available for tailoring mammalian genomes.
Retirement village buying intention
Authors: Ng Siew Imm , Zhao Fang , Lim Xin-Jean , Kamal Basha Norazlyn , Sambasivan Murali
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The well-being of the elderly is a growing issue of concern for countries around the world. One way to enhance the elderly well-being is to provide housing options suitable to their needs and lifestyle. Retirement village is an accommodation concept foreign to the Malaysian population. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to bridge this literature gap by analyzing factors that may inhibit or motivate the buying intention of a retirement village unit among the elderly in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 261 Malaysian elderly and analyzed using structural equation modeling PLS.

Findings

The results indicated that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and social sustainability were significant predictors that explained elderly buying intention of retirement village.

Originality/value

The study also found a significant moderating role of religion in attitude–intention relationship. The paper concludes with the study’s implications, limitations and recommendations for future research.
Alternatives to culling male chicks – the consumer perspective
Authors: Reithmayer Corrina , Mußhoff Oliver , Danne Michael
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumer preferences for boxes of eggs which are produced without the culling of male layer-type chicks in layer hen production and, furthermore, to investigate consumer preferences for labels from different certifying bodies.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey including a discrete choice experiment was conducted among 526 German consumers in 2018 and early 2019. Mixed logit models in preference and willingness to pay (WTP) space were estimated.

Findings

The preferred alternative is gender determination of incubated eggs, but also dual-use (DU) poultry with free-range rearing of cockerels was approved. Labels from public authorities and the Animal Protection Organisation were highly approved. In contrast, retailers were not considered suitable for the certification of production claims.

Research limitations/implications

A hypothetical setting was employed. A revealed preferences approach is suggested for future research.

Practical implications

Evidence for a wide approval of in ovo gender determination was found. Free-range rearing of cockerels was the most promising for the marketing of DU poultry products. Furthermore, public authorities and well-established third parties should engage in the field of animal welfare labelling.

Originality/value

This is the first study focussing on preferences and WTP for alternatives to chick culling, which will soon be available on the market, and for institutions certifying production claims. Findings help political decision makers, when looking for alternatives to the culling of day-old chicks, which are considered more acceptable by the public.
Reliability estimation in a multicomponent stress–strength based on unit-Gompertz distribution
Authors: Jha Mayank Kumar , Dey Sanku , Tripathi Yogesh Mani
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the multicomponent reliability by assuming the unit-Gompertz (UG) distribution. Both stress and strength are assumed to have an UG distribution with common scale parameter.

Design/methodology/approach

The reliability of a multicomponent stress–strength system is obtained by the maximum likelihood (MLE) and Bayesian method of estimation. Bayes estimates of system reliability are obtained by using Lindley’s approximation and Metropolis–Hastings (M–H) algorithm methods when all the parameters are unknown. The highest posterior density credible interval is obtained by using M–H algorithm method. Besides, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and exact Bayes estimates of system reliability have been obtained when the common scale parameter is known and the results are compared for both small and large samples.

Findings

Based on the simulation results, the authors observe that Bayes method provides better estimation results as compared to MLE. Proposed asymptotic and HPD intervals show satisfactory coverage probabilities. However, average length of HPD intervals tends to remain shorter than the corresponding asymptotic interval. Overall the authors have observed that better estimates of the reliability may be achieved when the common scale parameter is known.

Originality/value

Most of the lifetime distributions used in reliability analysis, such as exponential, Lindley, gamma, lognormal, Weibull and Chen, only exhibit constant, monotonically increasing, decreasing and bathtub-shaped hazard rates. However, in many applications in reliability and survival analysis, the most realistic hazard rates are upside-down bathtub and bathtub-shaped, which are found in the unit-Gompertz distribution. Furthermore, when reliability is measured as percentage or ratio, it is important to have models defined on the unit interval in order to have plausible results. Therefore, the authors have studied the multicomponent stress–strength reliability under the unit-Gompertz distribution by comparing the MLEs, Bayes estimators and UMVUEs.
Soft power and nation rebranding
Authors: Li Eric Ping Hung , Min Hyun Jeong , Lee Somin
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the interconnection between the corporatisation of K-beauty and Korea’s nation branding exercise and its links with soft power. Through the investigation of the transformation of Korea’s beauty industry, the authors seek to illustrate the inter-relationship of the market systems and national identification practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed the qualitative case study approach to examine the latest development of Korea’s medical tourism. Through analysing a variety of secondary data that associated to the latest development of cosmetic tourism, this paper presents the impact of the transformation and reconfiguration of Korea’s beauty industry on the country’s nation branding strategy and the development of Korea’s soft power in the global marketplace.

Findings

The findings highlight how Korea’s new cosmetic tourism industry contributed to the renewal of Korea’s nation brand in the global market. The findings also illustrate the interconnection of the emerging Korean popular cultural products (K-pop and K-beauty) in the regional and global marketplace.

Research limitations/implications

The findings demonstrate the role of market in re-defining a nation’s brand and identity. The findings also illustrate how market-driven strategy influences the development of a nation’s soft power in the regional and/or global marketplace.

Practical implications

The study shows that practitioners can be active agents in nation branding. Through highlighting strategies to develop soft power within and beyond the country boundary, this study shows how market agents, governments and other stakeholders can co-create a market system that transform and reconfigure the nation brand in the global marketplace.

Social implications

In additional to explore the transformation of the beauty industry in Korea, this paper also presents the history and transformation of the beauty standards in Korea and other Asian cultures. Such dialogue invites marketing and consumer researchers to further explore the role of history and culture in guiding the production and consumption of new (consumption) standards.

Originality/value

This is the first paper that connects the theory of soft power in nation branding and country-of-origin literature. The case analysis of the socio-historical development of K-beauty also demonstrates how non-Western cultural goods enter the international marketplace. In summary, this paper provides new conceptual framework that illustrates a new collaborative mechanism that engages government and practitioners to co-create new cultural norms and standards to the local and international markets.
Multi-level framework for anomaly detection in social networking
Authors: Khamparia Aditya , Pande Sagar , Gupta Deepak , Khanna Ashish , Sangaiah Arun Kumar
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a structured multilevel system that will distinguish the anomalies present in different online social networks (OSN).

Design/methodology/approach

Author first reviewed the related work, and then, the research model designed was explained. Furthermore, the details regarding Levels 1 and 2 were narrated.

Findings

By using the proposed technique, FScore obtained for Twitter and Facebook data set was 96.22 and 94.63, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

Four data sets were used for the experiment and the acquired outcomes demonstrate enhancement over the current existing frameworks.

Originality/value

This paper designed a multilevel framework that can be used to detect the anomalies present in the OSN.
The research landscape of big data: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Sun Ruiqing , Wang Shiyun , Wu Yenchun Jim
Published: January 2020

Purpose

In recent years, the rapid growth of big data has presented immense potential for business applications as well as raised great interest from academia. In response to this emerging phenomenon, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review of big data.

Design/methodology/approach

A bibliometric method was used to analyze the articles obtained from the Scopus database published between 2013 and 2018. A sample size of 4,070 articles was evaluated using SciVal metrics.

Findings

The analysis revealed an array of interesting findings as follows: the number of publications related to big data increased steadily over the past six years, though the rate of increase has slowed since 2014; the scope of big data research is quite broad in regards to both research domains and countries; despite a large volume of publications, the overall performance of big data research is not well presented as measured by the field-weighted citation impact metric; collaboration between different institutions, particularly in the form of international collaboration and academic–corporate collaboration, has played an important role in improving the performance of big data research.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to provide a holistic view of the big data research. The insights obtained from the analysis are instrumental for both academics and practitioners.
Investigating users’ willingness of acceptance for background music service in intelligent library
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the users’ willingness for acceptance of background music service in university libraries based on intelligent campus and to improve the intelligence level of university libraries and provide a reference for the atmosphere.

Design/methodology/approach

The research method of combining theory with practice is applied, and field distribution method and network survey method are used. An algorithm model is established to investigate relevant users, and statistical analysis of the data obtained is made.

Findings

The results show that in the questionnaire survey, girls are more inclined to study in the environment of library than boys; for grade, sophomores and juniors are more inclined to go to library than other grades; through model analysis, the target users are more inclined to choose light music as background music, accounting for 65 percent. Heavy metals and other users have fewer choices, accounting for only 8 percent.

Research limitations/implications

This questionnaire is mainly filled out in paper form on site, so it only selects some nearby students as the survey objects. However, the condition of university libraries across the country must be different due to regional differences, disciplinary differences and funding differences, so the representative sample may be insufficient. Therefore, in the follow-up research, the scope of the survey should be expanded, especially the geographical scope. It should collect as much data as possible for students of different types and genders, so as to expand the applicable scope and explanatory power of the model.

Practical implications

Starting from the library scene, this research studies the acceptance intention of users of background music service in the library, which provides reference for the improvement of the intellectualization of university libraries and their atmosphere. Although different university libraries have different operation modes and service characteristics, the conclusions of this study have certain practical significance for the library industry because the library industry has many commonalities.

Originality/value

At present, the research on the background music service of University Library based on the smart campus is relatively rare and limited to the theoretical stage. Few people have deeply explored the background music service of the library, and no scholars have quantitatively studied it. In this study, based on the questionnaire and from the perspective of users, the acceptance intention of background music service users is investigated, which provides a reference for the improvement of the intellectualization of university libraries and its atmosphere. It is a research topic of great practical significance.
Theoretical foundations and applications of cyber-physical systems: a literature review
Authors: Zhang Caiming , Xu Xiaojun , Chen Hong
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the current research on theoretical foundations and applications for CPS from 2017 to 2019 including the applications in library.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is designed in six parts as Introduction, Literature review, Theoretical foundations of CPS, Applications of CPS, CPS’s application in library and Conclusion. The authors review 70 papers and classify them as the above six parts. The authors collected 70 papers from 2017 to 2019 in the academic databases.

Findings

This paper reviews 70 papers regarding theoretical foundations and applications for CPS from 2017 to 2019 in the academic databases aiming to provide scholars and practitioners with a comprehensive overview. The contents of the papers in each research category are summarized from theoretical foundations and applications including the CPS applications in library.

Originality/value

A main contribution of this review paper is that it summarizes the current state-of-the-art theoretical foundations and applications for CPS and in libraries systematically.
Equivalent gambling warning labels are perceived differently
Authors: Newall Philip W. S. , Walasek Lukasz , Ludvig Elliot A.
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

The same information may be perceived differently, depending on how it is described. The risk information given on many gambling warning labels tends to accentuate what a gambler might expect to win, e.g. ‘This game has an average percentage payout of 90%’ (return‐to‐player), rather than what a gambler might expect to lose, e.g. ‘This game keeps 10% of all money bet on average’ (house‐edge). We compared gamblers’ perceived chances of winning and levels of warning label understanding under factually equivalent return‐to‐player and house‐edge formats.

Design

Online surveys: experiment 1 was designed to test how gamblers’ perceived chances of winning would vary under equivalent warning labels, and experiment 2 explored how often equivalent warning labels were correctly understood by gamblers.

Setting

United Kingdom.

Participants

UK nationals, aged 18 years and over and with experience of virtual on‐line gambling games, such as on‐line roulette, were recruited from an on‐line crowd‐sourcing panel (experiment 1, n = 399; experiment 2, n = 407).

Measurements

The main dependent variables were a gambler's perceived chances of winning on a seven‐point Likert scale (experiment 1) and a multiple‐choice measure of warning label understanding (experiment 2).

Findings

The house‐edge label led to lower perceived chances of winning in experiment 1, F(1, 388) = 19.03, P < 0.001. In experiment 2, the house‐edge warning label was understood by more gamblers [66.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 60.0%, 73.0%] than the return‐to‐player warning label (45.6%, 95% CI = 38.8%, 52.4%, z = 4.22, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

House‐edge warning labels on electronic gambling machines and on‐line casino games, which explain what a gambler might expect to lose, could help gamblers to pay greater attention to product risk and would be better understood by gamblers than equivalent return‐to‐player labels.
Self‐reported exposure to, perceptions about, and attitudes about public marijuana smoking among US adults, 2018
Authors: Schauer Gillian L. , Tynan Michael A. , Marynak Kristy
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

Eleven US states and the District of Columbia have legalized the non‐medical use of marijuana. Public marijuana smoking is generally prohibited, although some states have considered exemptions. This study assessed attitudes about public marijuana smoking, perceptions of harm from marijuana second‐hand smoke (SHS) and self‐reported marijuana SHS exposure.

Design

Internet panel survey fielded in June–July 2018.

Setting

United States.

Participants

US adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 4088).

Measurements

Current (past‐30 day) tobacco product use, current marijuana use, opinions about public indoor marijuana smoking, perceptions of harm from marijuana SHS and self‐reported past‐7 day exposure to marijuana SHS in public indoor or outdoor areas were assessed. Weighted prevalence estimates were computed and correlates were assessed using logistic and multinomial regression.

Findings

Overall, 27.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.7, 29.1] of adults reported past‐week marijuana SHS exposure in indoor and/or outdoor public areas; younger adults, blacks, Hispanics, those in the Northeast or West, and current marijuana and/or tobacco users were more commonly exposed (Ps < 0.0001). More than half of adults (52.4%; 95% CI = 50.7, 54.2) regarded marijuana SHS as harmful, and most (81.0%; 95% CI = 79.5, 82.4) opposed public marijuana smoking. Correlates of favoring public marijuana smoking included being male, younger (Ps < 0.01), black or Hispanic, past‐month tobacco and/or marijuana users and perceiving no/low harm from marijuana SHS (Ps < 0.0001).

Conclusion

While one in four US adults report recent marijuana second‐hand smoke exposure, a majority believe marijuana second‐hand smoke is harmful and most oppose public marijuana smoking.
Cumulative Risk of Substance Use in Community College Students
Authors: Salgado García Francisco , Bursac Zoran , Derefinko Karen J.
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

Substance use in community college students has been explored in only a handful of studies. Differences in population characteristics and substance use between 2‐ and 4‐year students suggest that different factors may promote and thwart this behavior. Cumulative risk is a parsimonious methodology that provides better model stability and more statistical power, yet it has only been recently used in substance use research. The aim of this study is to investigate multiple aspects of substance use risk in a population in need of substance use prevention and intervention services.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of community college students (N = 288; 75% female) examining the relative contributions of different domains of cumulative risk (eg, life stressors, academic stressors, and mental health diagnoses) to develop different profiles of risk across substance use classes (ie, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and hard drug use).

Results

Cumulative risk analyses indicated that alcohol and tobacco use were associated with the domains of life stressors and peer/family substance use, marijuana use with peer/family substance use and stressful childhood experiences, and hard drug use with peer/family substance use, lack of social support, low access to care, and stressful childhood experiences.

Discussion and Conclusions

Different strategies for prevention and intervention may be necessary to effectively address different forms of substance use in this population.

Scientific Significance

The risk domain profiles related to specific drugs may lead to targeted interventions to reduce substance use in community college students. (Am J Addict 2020;29:97–104)
Bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone versus lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients at first relapse
Authors: Montefusco Vittorio , Corso Alessandro , Galli Monica , Ardoino Ilaria , Pezzatti Sara , Carniti Cristina , Patriarca Francesca , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Zambello Renato , Sammassimo Simona , Marcatti Magda , Nozza Andrea , Crippa Claudia , Cafro Anna Maria , Baldini Luca , Corradini Paolo
Published: January 2020

Bortezomib‐ and lenalidomide‐containing regimens are well‐established therapies in multiple myeloma (MM). However, despite their extensive use, head‐to‐head comparisons have never been performed. Therefore, we compared bortezomib and lenalidomide in fixed‐duration therapies. In this open‐label, phase III study, we randomized MM patients at first relapse to receive either nine cycles of bortezomib plus cyclophosphamide plus dexamethasone (VCD) or lenalidomide plus cyclophosphamide plus dexamethasone (RCD). The primary endpoint was achievement of a very good partial response (VGPR) or better at six weeks after nine treatment cycles. From March 2011 to February 2015, 155 patients were randomized. VGPR or better was achieved by 12 patients (15%) in the VCD arm and 14 patients (18%) in the RCD arm (P = 0·70). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 16·3 (95% CI: 12·1–22·4) with VCD and 18·6 months (95% CI: 14·7–25·5) with RCD, and the two‐year overall survival (OS) was 75% (95% CI: 66–86%) and 74% (95% CI: 64–85%) respectively. In subgroup analyses, no differences in PFS were observed in bortezomib‐ and lenalidomide‐naïve patients, nor in patients who received a bortezomib‐based regimen in first line. Adverse events were consistent with the well‐established safety profiles of both drugs. Bortezomib and lenalidomide treatments were equally effective in terms of depth of response, PFS, and OS in MM patients at first relapse.
No selection for cheating in a natural meta‐population of rhizobia
Authors: Frederickson Megan E.
Published: January 2020

Whether natural selection favours ‘cheating’ in mutualisms is hotly debated. Gano‐Cohen et al. (2019a) report a negative correlation between fitness and mutualist quality in rhizobia, suggesting that rhizobia evolve to cheat. However, reanalysis of their data shows that the correlation is an artefact of unequal sampling across populations.
Urban growth in a post‐2000 central Chinese urban agglomeration: Case study of the Changzhutan region
Authors: Zheng Yanting , Xu Wanting , Dai Lizhu
Published: January 2020

The rapid development of coastal urban agglomerations in China has gained global attention since the 1980s. Recently, several regions in the Central China have also experienced rapid economic development. The objectives of this paper are to explore whether the spatial pattern of urban growth in Central China's urban agglomerations is the same as those costal ones and whether it is driven by anything other than external forces. Using the Changzhutan region as an example, this study analyses the economic transformation and spatial restructuring of the populations in urban agglomerations in Central China and explores the driving factors of urban growth using regression models. We find that most of the population is concentrated in prefecture‐level city districts and county seats, which is markedly different from the large‐scale regional population agglomerations found in the coastal urban agglomerations. Domestic investment, instead of foreign investment, and human capital, has become important factors driving the population migration. This finding sharply contrasts with the pattern found in coastal urban agglomerations, where regional concentrations of the population and economic activities are primarily driven by labour‐intensive and global economies. This case study may serve as a basis for future urban planning and management in Central China.
Academic staff flight from Ethiopian public universities: Causes and possible solutions
Authors: Alemayehu Binyam Zewde , Woldemariam Getahun Kelemework
Published: January 2020

We have fair level of understanding about the cost of high employee turnover; however, our knowledge regarding how employers adjust themselves to counter the problem is very much limited, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted with the purpose of throwing a light on the uncharted part of employee retention in Ethiopian higher education. The study identifies determinants of academic staff retention by employing a mix of descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple regression techniques. A sample of 380 active academic staff was selected from three major public universities. Besides, unstructured interview was conducted with 15 lecturers who had left their respective universities. The result indicates that academic staff willingness to stay in their current institution is contingent on leader's qualities in building an environment that guarantees participation and fosters concern for followers, availability of a reward system that is competitive and fair, a range of benefit packages, prevalence of fair human resource policies and practices, and perceived attractiveness of cities/towns where the institutions are located. The study explains the limitations of the ongoing attempts aimed at retaining the academics and highlights actions that must be taken to improve employee retention.
Institutional characteristics, investment sensitivity to cash flow and Tobin's q: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Al‐Nasser Abdallah Abed , Abdallah Wissam , Saad Mohsen
Published: January 2020

We examine the sensitivity of corporate investment to stock‐market valuations (measured by Tobin's q) and internal funds (measured by cash flow) in a setting that captures the unique country institutional characteristics of the Middle East and North Africa region. We report a higher sensitivity of investments to cash flow than Tobin's q. However, both sensitivities are unaffected by the country institutional characteristics. By examining the sensitivity of investments to cash flow and Tobin's q before and after the 2008 global financial crisis, we document that the investment‐cash flow relation has weakened over time, while the investment‐Tobin's q relation has significantly strengthened. Finally, after dividing our country sample into resource‐rich and resource‐poor countries, the importance of cash flow over Tobin's q in the determination of corporate investment levels is asserted and the role of financial markets is found to be restricted to resource‐rich countries only.
Use of artificial intelligence for the estimation of effective moisture diffusivity, specific energy consumption, color and shrinkage in quince drying
Authors: Taghinezhad Ebrahim , Kaveh Mohammad , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Golpour Iman
Published: January 2020

In the study, drying process of quince fruit was accomplished in a microwave‐convective dryer (MCD). The experiments were carried out at microwave power levels of 100, 200, and 300 W, air temperatures of 40, 55, and 70°C, and air velocities of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s. Nevertheless, three artificial intelligence techniques consisted of artificial neural networks (ANNs), particle swarm optimizer (PSO), and grey wolf optimizer (GWO) were evaluated to predict the parameters of
Deff, SEC, ΔE, and
Sb. In the evaluation the data by ANNs, input parameters of networks consisted the values of air temperature, microwave power, and air velocity. According to the results, the maximum values of effective moisture diffusivity (
Deff) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were 1.71 × 10−9 m2/s and 126.07 kWh/kg, respectively. In addition, minimum values of total change in color (ΔE) and shrinkage (
Sb) of quince achieved 10.85 and 33.85%, respectively. For predicting all parameters, three models used in the study represented good predictive capability with R2 > 0.97. The obtained results showed that the GWO model had better predictive performance than the ANN and PSO models.

Practical Application

Drying food and agricultural products by application of microwave‐hot air blend dryers can be a good alternative to hot air and microwave dryers. Microwave energy infiltrates the product and facilitates heat release from the product and thus reduces drying time compared to single dryers. The main aim of applying such different models, mathematical simulation or modeling in the drying technology of agricultural products is to transform physical qualities and their interactions into numerical quantities and mathematical relationships.
Nurses' perceptions of systems and hierarchies shaping their responses to child abuse and neglect
Authors: Lines Lauren Elizabeth , Grant Julian Maree , Hutton Alison
Published: January 2020

Nurses have an important role in preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect. This paper reports on nurses' perceptions of how organisational systems and hierarchies shaped their capacity to respond to child abuse and neglect. This is one of four key themes identified through an inductive analysis of data from a broader qualitative study that explored nurses' perceptions and experiences of keeping children safe. The study was guided by social constructionist theory, and data were collected through in‐depth interviews with nurses working with children in Australia (n = 21). Key findings showed that nurses experienced many challenges to responding to child abuse, including difficulties sharing information, fear of making mistakes and inflexible systems of care. This was underpinned by an organisational ‘rule‐centred’ culture of following policies at the expense of maintaining an explicit focus on children's needs. These findings demonstrate first the importance of creative and flexible thinking from individual professionals, so policies are enacted with a clear child focus. Second, they highlight the need for leadership to enact organisational and systemic cultural change that maintains a genuinely child‐centred approach.
Ventricular tachycardia oversensing in S‐ICD patients: Case‐based brief review
Authors: Zoppo Franco , Mangiameli Daniele , Perazza Luca , Lardieri Gerardina
Published: January 2020

A 76‐year‐old woman with permanent atrial fibrillation and a mechanical aortic valve came to our attention. Echocardiography showed a 50‐55% ejection fraction (EF) with good prosthesis performance. For symptomatic bradyarrhythmia, she received a VVI pacemaker (Proponent MRI L2010 model; Boston Scientific.). During follow‐up, frequent symptomatic (presyncopal) episodes of nonsustained episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were detected. Amiodarone proved unsuccessful; she was then offered an upgrade to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and a subcutaneous ICD (S‐ICD) was chosen by the patient. A few weeks later, two sustained VT were detected and effectively treated with 80‐J shock delivery. In both cases, device interrogation revealed a VT rate around 163 bpm (370 ms cycle length), below the lowest device detection cutoff. The report is a case‐based review.
Anesthesia for shared airway surgery in children
Authors: Bradley James , Lee Gi Soo , Peyton James
Published: January 2020

Shared airway surgery in children is a complex, high‐risk undertaking that requires continuous communication and cooperation between the anesthetic and surgical teams. Airway abnormalities commonly seen in children, the surgical options, and the anesthetic techniques that can be used to care for this vulnerable population are discussed. Many of these procedures were traditionally carried out using jet ventilation, or intermittent tracheal intubation, but increasingly spontaneously breathing “tubeless” techniques are being used. This review has been written from both the surgical and anesthetic perspective, highlighting the concerns that both specialties have in relation to the maintenance of surgical access and operating conditions, and the need for the provision of anesthesia, oxygenation, and ventilation where the airway is the primary site of operation.
Lack of adequate seed supply is a major bottleneck for effective ecosystem restoration in Chile: friendly amendment to Bannister et al. (2018)
Authors: León‐Lobos Pedro , Bustamante‐Sánchez Marcela A. , Nelson Cara R. , Alarcón Diego , Hasbún Rodrigo , Way Michael , Pritchard Hugh W. , Armesto Juan J.
Published: January 2020

We argue that the need for a quality seed supply chain is a major bottleneck for the restoration of Chile's native ecosystems, thus supplementing the list of bottlenecks proposed by Bannister et al. in 2018. Specifically, there is a need for defining seed transfer zones, developing standards and capacities for properly collecting and storing seeds, reducing information gaps on seed physiology and longevity, and implementing an efficient seed supply chain with certification of seed origin and quality. Without such capacities, countries are unlikely to meet their restoration commitments. Although we focus on bottlenecks in Chile, the issues we raise are relevant to other countries and thus the global agenda for ecological restoration.
Los Angeles as a digital place: The geographies of user‐generated content
Authors: Ballatore Andrea , De Sabbata Stefano
Published: January 2020

Online representations of places are becoming pivotal in informing our understanding of urban life. Content production on online platforms is grounded in the geography of their users and their digital infrastructure. These constraints shape place representation, that is, the amount, quality, and type of digital information available in a geographic area. In this article we study the place representation of user‐generated content (UGC) in Los Angeles County, relating the spatial distribution of the data to its geo‐demographic context. Adopting a comparative and multi‐platform approach, this quantitative analysis investigates the spatial relationship between four diverse UGC datasets and their context at the census tract level (about 685,000 geo‐located tweets, 9,700 Wikipedia pages, 4 million OpenStreetMap objects, and 180,000 Foursquare venues). The context includes the ethnicity, age, income, education, and deprivation of residents, as well as public infrastructure. An exploratory spatial analysis and regression‐based models indicate that the four UGC platforms possess distinct geographies of place representation. To a moderate extent, the presence of Twitter, OpenStreetMap, and Foursquare data is influenced by population density, ethnicity, education, and income. However, each platform responds to different socio‐economic factors and clusters emerge in disparate hotspots. Unexpectedly, Twitter data tend to be located in denser, more deprived areas, and the geography of Wikipedia appears peculiar and harder to explain. These trends are compared with previous findings for the area of Greater London.
Analysis of Classroom Teachers' Perceptions of Curriculum Literacy
Authors: Erdamar Fatih Selim , Akpunar Burhan
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze classroom teachers' perceptions of curriculum literacy according to various variables. The research based on screening model was conducted with 416 classroom teachers. The data were collected with the curriculum literary scale, which was valid and reliable. Data collected with four-dimensional scale were analyzed with descriptive statistical techniques. As a result of analyses, it was determined that literacy perceptions of the classroom teachers participating in the research were medium level in terms of sub-dimension of program elements. In this dimension, the highest perception is about measurement-evaluation and the lowest perception level is about the program perspective. In-service and post-graduate teachers have higher perceptions of literacy in the sub-dimension of curriculum elements. In the research, classroom teachers' perception of curriculum literacy is quite high in the sub-dimension of program implementation. Classroom teachers totally agree that parents, the internet, auxiliary resources, colleagues, textbook and school management support are respectively important in order to implement the curriculum; While female teachers find parental support more important in the implementation of the curriculum; the perceptions of teachers who are classroom teachers on internet support are more positive. In the sub-dimension of the program development and philosophy in the research, classroom teachers' perceptions of program philosophy in general are at medium level. Teachers receiving in-service training and those who are classroom teachers have higher perceptions of program philosophy. In this dimension, classroom teachers' perception of having knowledge about the epistemological bases of the program and the development stages of the program is low. Male teachers and teachers receiving in-service training have a higher perception of the development stages of the program. In this study, the perceptions of classroom teachers were moderate in the scale of program literacy training need. Perceptions of classroom teachers about their expectation from MoNE and their obligation to develop themselves are moderate.