bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evodiamine suppresses endometriosis development induced by early EBV exposure through inhibition of ERβ
Authors: Wang Junling , Liang Yuanqi , Liang Xiaoru , Peng Huijuan , Wang Yongxia , Xu Mingtao , Liang Xuefang , Yao Helen , Liu Xiaohan , Zeng Liqin , Yao Paul , Xiang Dongfang
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Endometriosis (EMS) is characterized as a prevalent gynecological inflammatory disorder marked by the existence of endometrial tissues situated beyond the uterus. This condition leads to persistent pelvic pain and may contribute to infertility. In this investigation, we explored the potential mechanism underlying the development of endometriosis (EMS) triggered by transient exposure to either latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a mouse model. Additionally, we examined the potential inhibitory effect of evodiamine (EDM) on EMS.

Methods: Immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) or epithelial cells (HEEC) were transiently exposed to either EBV or LMP1. The presence of evodiamine (EDM) was assessed for its impact on estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression, as well as on cell metabolism parameters such as redox balance, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and proliferation. Additionally, a mixture of LMP1-treated HESC and HEEC was administered intraperitoneally to generate an EMS mouse model. Different dosages of EDM were employed for treatment to evaluate its potential suppressive effect on EMS development.

Results: Transient exposure to either EBV or LMP1 triggers persistent ERβ expression through epigenetic modifications, subsequently modulating related cell metabolism for EMS development. Furthermore, 4.0 µM of EDM can efficiently reverse this effect in in vitro cell culture studies. Additionally, 20 mg/kg body weight of EDM treatment can partly suppress EMS development in the in vivo EMS mouse model.

Conclusion: Transient EBV/LMP1 exposure triggers permanent ERβ expression, favoring later EMS development, EDM inhibits EMS development through ERβ suppression. This presents a novel mechanism for the development of endometriosis (EMS) in adulthood stemming from early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure during childhood. Moreover, evodiamine (EDM) stands out as a prospective candidate for treating EMS.
Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factors in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: He Shutao , Xu Sen , He Zhengjie , Hao Xiaomeng
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The bZIP genes (bZIPs) are essential in numerous biological processes, including development and stress responses. Despite extensive research on bZIPs in many plants, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of bZIPs in garlic has yet to be undertaken.

Methods

In this study, we identified and classified 64 AsbZIP genes (AsbZIPs) into 10 subfamilies. A systematic analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of these AsbZIPs, including chromosome location, gene structure, conserved motifs, and gene duplication, was conducted. Furthermore, we also examined the nucleotide diversity, cis-acting elements, and expression profiles of AsbZIPs in various tissues and under different abiotic stresses and hormone treatments.

Results and Discussion

Our findings revealed that gene replication plays a crucial role in the expansion of AsbZIPs, with a minor genetic bottleneck observed during domestication. Moreover, the identification of cis-acting elements suggested potential associations of AsbZIPs with garlic development, hormone, and stress responses. Several AsbZIPs exhibited tissue-preferential and stress/hormone-responsive expression patterns. Additionally, Asa7G01972 and Asa7G01379 were notably differentially expressed under various stresses and hormone treatments. Subsequent yeast two-hybridization and yeast induction experiments validated their interactions with Asa1G01577, a homologue of ABI5, reinforcing their importance in hormone and abiotic stress responses. This study unveiled the characteristics of the AsbZIP superfamily and lays a solid foundation for further functional analysis of AsbZIP in garlic.
Monitoring canopy SPAD based on UAV and multispectral imaging over fruit tree growth stages and species
Authors: Huang Yirui , Li Dongming , Liu Xuan , Ren Zhenhui
Published: August 2024

Chlorophyll monitoring is an important topic in phenotypic research. For fruit trees, chlorophyll content can reflect the real-time photosynthetic capacity, which is a great reference for nutrient status assessment. Traditional in situ estimation methods are labor- and time-consuming. Remote sensing spectral imagery has been widely applied in agricultural research. This study aims to explore a transferable model to estimate canopy SPAD across growth stages and tree species. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system was applied for multispectral images acquisition. The results showed that the univariate model yielded with Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) gave valuable prediction results, providing a simple and effective method for chlorophyll monitoring for single species. Reflection features (RF) and texture features (TF) were extracted for multivariate modeling. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) models yielded better performance for mixed species research than other algorithm models, and the R2 of the RF+TF+GPR model was approximately 0.7 in both single and mixed species. In addition, this method can also be used to predict canopy SPAD over various growth stages, especially in the third and fourth stages with R2 higher than 0.6. This paper highlights the importance of using RF+TF for canopy feature expression and deep connection exploration between canopy features with GPR algorithm. This research provides a universal model for canopy SPAD inversion which can promote the growth status monitoring and management of fruit trees.
Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of salinity tolerance in response to foliar application of choline chloride in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Huo Jingxin , Yu Minglong , Feng Naijie , Zheng Dianfeng , Zhang Rui , Xue Yingbin , Khan Aaqil , Zhou Hang , Mei Wanqi , Du Xiaole , Shen Xuefeng , Zhao Liming , Meng Fengyan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that affects crop growth and productivity. Choline Chloride (CC) has been shown to enhance salt tolerance in various crops, but the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice remain unclear.

Methods

To investigate the regulatory mechanism of CC-mediated salt tolerance in rice, we conducted morpho-physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses on two rice varieties (WSY, salt-tolerant, and HHZ, salt-sensitive) treated with 500 mg·L-1 CC under 0.3% NaCl stress.

Results

Our results showed that foliar application of CC improved morpho-physiological parameters such as root traits, seedling height, seedling strength index, seedling fullness, leaf area, photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigments, starch, and fructose content under salt stress, while decreasing soluble sugar, sucrose, and sucrose phosphate synthase levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CC regulation combined with salt treatment induced changes in the expression of genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, the citric acid cycle, carbon sequestration in photosynthetic organs, carbon metabolism, and photosynthetic antenna proteins in both rice varieties. Metabolomic analysis further supported these findings, indicating that photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and carbon fixation pathways were crucial in CC-mediated salt tolerance.

Discussion

The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggest that CC treatment enhances rice salt tolerance by activating distinct transcriptional cascades and phytohormone signaling, along with multiple antioxidants and unique metabolic pathways. These findings provide a basis for further understanding the mechanisms of metabolite synthesis and gene regulation induced by CC in rice in response to salt stress, and may inform strategies for improving crop resilience to salt stress.
Advances in the tea plants phenotyping using hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Luo Baidong , Sun Hongwei , Zhang Leilei , Chen Fengnong , Wu Kaihua
Published: August 2024

Rapid detection of plant phenotypic traits is crucial for plant breeding and cultivation. Traditional measurement methods are carried out by rich-experienced agronomists, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. However, with the increasing demand for rapid and high-throughput testing in tea plants traits, digital breeding and smart cultivation of tea plants rely heavily on precise plant phenotypic trait measurement techniques, among which hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology stands out for its ability to provide real-time and rich-information. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the principles of hyperspectral imaging technology, the processing methods of cubic data, and relevant algorithms in tea plant phenomics, reviewing the progress of applying hyperspectral imaging technology to obtain information on tea plant phenotypes, growth conditions, and quality indicators under environmental stress. Lastly, we discuss the challenges faced by HSI technology in the detection of tea plant phenotypic traits from different perspectives, propose possible solutions, and envision the potential development prospects of HSI technology in the digital breeding and smart cultivation of tea plants. This review aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the application of HSI technology in detecting tea plant phenotypic information, further promoting the trend of developing high quality and high yield tea leaves.
Fine mapping and functional validation of the maize nicosulfuron-resistance gene CYP81A9
Authors: Zhang Yongzhong , Zhang Qingrong , Liu Qingzhi , Zhao Yan , Xu Wei , Hong Cuiping , Xu Changli , Qi Xiushan , Qi Xinli , Liu Baoshen
Published: August 2024

Nicosulfuron, a widely utilized herbicide, is detrimental to some maize varieties due to their sensitivity. Developing tolerant varieties with resistance genes is an economical and effective way to alleviate phytotoxicity. In this study, map-based cloning revealed that the maize resistance gene to nicosulfuron is Zm00001eb214410 (CYP81A9), which encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. qRT- PCR results showed that CYP81A9 expression in the susceptible line JS188 was significantly reduced compared to the resistant line B73 during 0-192 hours following 80 mg/L nicosulfuron spraying. Meanwhile, a CYP81A9 overexpression line exhibited normal growth under a 20-fold nicosulfuron concentration (1600 mg/L), while the transgenic acceptor background material Zong31 did not survive. Correspondingly, silencing CYP81A9 through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and premature transcription termination mutant EMS4-06e182 resulted in the loss of nicosulfuron resistance in maize. Acetolactate Synthase (ALS), the target enzyme of nicosulfuron, exhibited significantly reduced activity in the roots, stems, and leaves of susceptible maize post-nicosulfuron spraying. The CYP81A9 expression in the susceptible material was positively correlated with ALS activity in vivo. Therefore, this study identified CYP81A9 as the key gene regulating nicosulfuron resistance in maize and discovered three distinct haplotypes of CYP81A9, thereby laying a solid foundation for further exploration of the underlying resistance mechanisms.
Good-enough processing, home language proficiency, cognitive skills, and task effects for Korean heritage speakers’ sentence comprehension
Authors: Shin Gyu-Ho
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates how heritage speakers conduct good-enough processing at the interface of home-language proficiency, cognitive skills (inhibitory control; working memory), and task types (acceptability judgement; self-paced reading). For this purpose, we employ two word-order patterns (verb-final vs. verb-initial) of two clausal constructions in Korean—suffixal passive and morphological causative—which contrast pertaining to the mapping between thematic roles and case-marking and the interpretive procedures driven by verbal morphology. We find that, while Korean heritage speakers demonstrate the same kind of acceptability-rating behaviour as monolingual Korean speakers do, their reading-time patterns are notably modulated by construction-specific properties, cognitive skills, and proficiency. This suggests a heritage speaker’s ability and willingness to conduct both parsing routes, induced by linguistic cues in a non-dominant language, which are proportional to the computational complexity involving these cues. Implications of this study are expected to advance our understanding of a learner’s mind for underrepresented languages and populations in the field.
Servant leadership and project success: the mediating roles of team learning orientation and team agility
Authors: Han Huibin , Zhang Xiaojia
Published: August 2024

Drawing from social learning theory, this study aims to explore the mediating effects of team learning orientation and team agility on the relationship between servant leadership and project success in the context of construction projects. Based on data collected from 306 construction project members in China, the findings reveal that servant leadership exerts a positive influence on project success. Additionally, servant leadership significantly enhances both team learning orientation and team agility, which in turn contribute to project success. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the serial and parallel mediating roles of team learning orientation and team agility between servant leadership and project success. Theoretical and practical implications were also provided based on the findings.
Investigating neighbourhood environmental risk factors associated with childhood acute respiratory infection symptoms in Ethiopia mixed effect and multilevel logistic regression analysis based on EDHS 2016
Authors: Azanaw Jember , Weldegebriel Fasika , Malede Asmamaw
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute respiratory infection is an infectious illness caused by acute viral or bacterial infection. According to a 2018 WHO report, exposures to indoor and ambient air environmental pollution were contributing factors to a higher risk of respiratory problems following 7 million deaths of children under five globally. Housing conditions such as wall material, roof type, kitchen location, sanitation condition, and cooking fuel type are household-level predictors of acute respiratory disease among children under five years of age.

Method

This research used EDHS-2016 secondary data, which are nationally representative. The data collection period was from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. Among the 16,650 total surveys, 10,006 households that had children below 5 years of age. The outcome variable for this study was acute respiratory infection symptoms. Analyses were performed using STATA Version 17.1. The data were weighted before performing analysis to reinstate the representativeness of the sample. In the bivariable analysis, a p value <0.2 was used to screen for multivariable. Multicollinearity was checked using the variance inflation factor. Then, a multilevel multivariable regression model was used in this study for the analysis of acute respiratory infection symptoms and possible predictor variables. Variables with a p value <0.05 in multivariable regression analysis were considered statistically significant predictors.

Results

Most (95.00%) households commonly used solid fuel for cooking, and household main construction materials: 81.44 and 91.03% of floors and walls of households were constructed with unprocessed natural materials, respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infection symptoms among children under five years of age was 7.955% (7.397, 8.551%). The findings indicated that acute respiratory infection symptoms among children under five years of age were significantly linked with the age of the children, diarrhea status, residence, region, fuel type, stool disposal, wall material, and floor material.

Conclusion

Interventions should target modifiable factors such as proper stool disposal of the youngest child, informing the health effects of poor housing conditions such as improving wall and floor construction material to reduce acute respiratory infection symptoms among children under five years of age.
A real-world analysis of pharmacotherapy adherence and the factors influencing it in Serbia: a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Srebro Dragana , Bukumirić Zoran , Šantrić Milićević Milena
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Monitoring the pharmacotherapy adherence in society is crucial for identifying occurance and causes of potential inadequate use of drugs and inform providers about the need for better customer counceling. It is necessary component of the strategic planning of the quality of healthcare services. This population- based study aimed to assess the medication intake adherence in the Republic of Serbia and the individual factors and health system variables influencing its pattern.

Methods

We applied a cross-sectional approach to study medication intake adherence using a secondary analysis of the latest 2019 Serbian National Health Survey data. The statistical modeling of the pharmacotherapy adherence incorporated sociodemographic data, self-reported disease, and lifestyle behavior.

Results

In 2019, in the representative sample of 12,066 adults in Serbia, requiring prescribed medicine, 49.8% did comply with the prescribed drugs, and 50.2% do not. Participants who adhered to prescribed medication were significantly (p < 0.001) older (62.4 ± 14 years), predominantly female (55.3%), had secondary education (48.5%), resided in southern and eastern parts of Serbia (55.5%), and belonged to the lowest income quintile (21.4%). The participants most often take prescribed drugs for hypertension (64.1%) and lower back pain (30.5%), while around 20% take medication for coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, and high blood cholesterol. About 85–92% of participants with financial or general difficulties using prescribed medication.

Conclusion

There is poor medication intake adherence to prescribed medication in Serbia. Gender, age, and region determine the adherence. Also, health-related and healthcare system-related factors impact the use of prescribed medication. Study findings can inform planning the counceling interventions in the target groups where improving medication adherence is necessary, as well as to enhance training of healthcare providers about pharmacotherapy adherence.
A machian model as potential alternative to dark matter halo thesis in galactic rotational velocity prediction
Authors: Walrand Stephan
Published: August 2024

A novel axially symmetric metric is proposed to solve the Einstein field equations. This provides an analytical solution within the matter in the equatorial plane for any galaxy density profile. The solution predicts the observed increase in rotational velocity up to the edge of the galaxy’s bulge. However, beyond the bulge, the rotational velocity remains constant, which contradicts the observed peak curves. The existence of the Universe is then considered by approximating the gravitational fields within the galaxy as the sum of those generated by the galaxy and the Universe. The resulting solution explicitly includes a Universe frame-dragging term, aligning with the sixth version of Mach’s principle proposed by Bondi and Samuel: “inertial mass is affected by the global distribution of matter”. Neglecting the presence of the Universe, stars only have a relative rotation to the bulge, and their rotational velocities monotonically increase with the radial distance r to balance the increasing mass contained in distances < r. At larger distances, the bulge’s attraction and its frame-dragging effect decrease, resulting in a constant rotational velocity. When the Universe is considered, stars also have a relative rotation to the non-rotating Universe and experience an additional centrifugal force at any distance from the bulge. This component induces a decrease in rotational velocity as the gravitational influence of the bulge diminishes with r. This model predicts the observed rotational velocity curves for the galaxies M31, M101, and M81 without requiring any dark matter halo or adjustable parameters. This success substantiates Mach’s idea as an alternative to the dark matter halo theory.
Associations between levels of physical activity and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Grasaas Erik , Ostojic Sergej , Sandbakk Øyvind
Published: August 2024

Background

A robust association between physical activity (PA) and satisfaction with life (SWL) has been established, wherein self-efficacy has been identified as a mediator across different populations. However, there is a need to further examine the relationship between PA and SWL and whether self-efficacy act a as mediator within different levels of PA among Norwegian adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the relationship between levels of PA and SWL by testing for self-efficacy as a possible mediator.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the 2022 Norwegian Ungdata Survey was utilized. Data included demographics and various health data that was collected anonymously. The electronic survey took place in classrooms and was administered by the respective teacher. Permission to access and use data was approved by the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (SIKT). Statistical analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro by Andrew Hayes for SPSS software.

Results

Descriptive findings revealed that girls reported lower self-efficacy than boys (14.2 vs. 15.5, with a maximum of 20) and lower SWL (6.8 vs. 7.6, with a maximum of 10). About one out of five girls and one out of seven boys reported no days of weekly PA, whereas 4% of girls and 9.5% of boys adhered to the PA-recommendation of 60-min of daily exercise. Associations between PA levels and SWL was mediated by self-efficacy (all p < 0.05), with the highest indirect effect (56.3%) revealed in the association between those adhering to the PA-recommendations and SWL.

Conclusions

Norwegian girls reported more sedentary behavior, less PA, lower self-efficacy, and lower SWL than boys across all grade levels. Mediation analysis revealed that up to 56.3% of the enhancement in SWL among those adhering to 60-min of PA recommendations was explained by increased self-efficacy. Norwegian government and policymakers should promote initiatives and regulations focusing on higher levels of PA to foster a resilient adolescent population with higher individual beliefs and higher subjective wellbeing.
Correcting facial asymmetry through guided plate assisted mandibular angle osteotomy
Authors: Han Wenqing , Yichi Zhang , Kim Byeong Seop , Sun Mengzhe , Chai Gang
Published: August 2024

Background

Asian women prefer a smooth and narrowed mandibular appearance. The purpose of the retrospective cohort study is to evaluate guide plate-assisted mandibular angle ostectomy (MAO) in improving mandibular symmetry for Asian female patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy (MAH) with normal occlusal relationship.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 11 patients with asymmetry MAH with normal occlusal relationship who received MAO at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between September, 2020, and January, 2022. Preoperative plans were designed based on CT data and executed using metal guide plate during the operation. Preoperative and one-week postoperative CT scans were used to assess measurements including Height_Go, Divergence_Go, ∠ZyZy-GoGo, and osteotomy volume, to evaluate symmetry. For precision, compare the postoperative CT with the preoperative design, assessing osteotomy distance, angle, and volume error. Patient satisfacation was evaluated with Likert Scale in 6-month follow-up. Secondary lipofilling procedures were given as appropriate. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests in SPSS.

Results

The mean age of the 11 patients was 28.5 years (range 23–34 years). 2 of these underwent lipofilling procedures. No complications were observed during the following-up. Postoperative results were not statistically different from the design, demonstrating a precision of within 2 mm. Height_Go disparity within 5 mm get corrected notably, reducing asymmetry from 15.09% preoperatively to 2.74% postoperatively. Patients satisfaction was rated at 4.5 out of 5 in 6 month follow-up.

Conclusions

Guide plate-assisted mandibular angle osteotomies achieve effective and precise surgery. This approach demonstrates a safe option for correction for mandibular asymmetry, achieving patient satisfaction.
Long-term obstetric, perinatal, and surgical complications in singleton pregnancies following previous cesarean myomectomy: a retrospective multicentric study
Authors: Güler Oğuz , Hatırnaz Şafak , Sparic Radmila , Basbug Alper , Erol Onur , Kalkan Üzeyir , Ulubaşoğlu Hasan , Trojano Giuseppe , Ürkmez Sebati Sinan , Tinelli Andrea
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The safety of cesarean myomectomy has been proven by previous studies. Our study aimed to reveal the long-term perinatal, obstetric, and surgical outcomes of cesarean myomectomy (CM) by comparing different CM techniques.

Material and methods

This retrospective multicentric case–control study involved 7 hospitals and included 226 singleton pregnancies that underwent repeated cesarean section (CS) between 2015 and 2020. Among these pregnancies, 113 of 226 cases had CM (Group A), and 113 had only CS (Group B). Of the 113 cases in which CM was performed, 58 underwent endometrial myomectomy (EM) (Subgroup A1) and 55 underwent serosal myomectomy (SM) (Subgroup A2). The groups were compared in terms of obstetric, perinatal, and surgical outcomes, and fibroid recurrence, myomectomy scar healing rate, and adhesion formation were noted.

Results

There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of maternal age, body mass index, gravidity, parity, and fibroid diameter in previous CS (p > 0.05). In the perinatal and obstetric evaluation of the groups, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of neonatal weight, Apgar score, fetal growth restriction, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, hypertension in pregnancy, and diabetes mellitus (p > 0.05). The fibroid recurrence rate was 28.3%, and the myomectomy scar good healing rate was 99.1%. There was no difference between the groups in terms of CS duration, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, perioperative blood transfusion rates, febrile morbidity, and prolonged hospitalization (p > 0.05). In terms of adhesion formation, although the adhesion rate of the SM group was higher than that of the EM group, no statistically significant difference was detected between the groups.

Conclusion

This study showed that in pregnancies following CM, obstetrical, perinatal, and surgical outcomes were unaffected. Obstetricians can safely use CM, either the trans-endometrial or serosal technique, as it is a safe and effective method with long-term results.
Spatial distribution and population dynamics of free-roaming (stray and semi-domiciled) dogs in a major Brazilian city
Authors: de Santi Carlos Eduardo , Chiba de Castro Wagner Antonio , Sibim Alessandra Cristiane , Lopes Renata Defante , Galvão Sandro Roberto , Kurtz Giselli Maria , Biondo Leandro Meneguelli , Kmetiuk Louise Bach , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Although estimate models have been proposed to determine free-roaming (both stray and semi-domiciled) dog populations, to date, no study has focused on the three major border areas of Brazil. Therefore, the present study assessed the free-roaming dog population of Foz do Iguaçu, a major far-west Brazilian city located in a three-border area (Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay), which is considered among the top five Brazilian tourist destinations.

Methods

Capture-release sampling was performed in three phases with a 6-month interval and 10-day duration of each phase, totaling 18 months, between 2018 and 2019.

Results

A total of 1,273 dogs were estimated in the first [95% confidence interval (CI), 468–2,078 dogs], 904 in the second (95%CI, 452–1,355 dogs), and 1,564 in the third (95%CI, 521–2,607 dogs) capture phases in this area, suggesting a population density of 18.4 dogs/km2 (6.1–30.6 dogs/km2, 95% CI). Of all free-roaming dogs, 452/1,125 (40.2%) were stray with no confirmed ownership or household, whereas 672/1,125 (59.8%) had a known origin, among which 625/1,125 (55.6%) were semi-domiciled with ownership or a household, 36/1,125 (3.2%) were neighborhood dogs with maintainers, and 11/1,125 (1.0%) were owned by recycling material collectors and homeless individuals. The majority of the 1,125 dogs (862/1,125; 76.6%) had an ideal body condition score. The high outdoor access of owned dogs is likely caused by cultural behavior. However, because 533/1,125 (47.4%) of the free-roaming dogs presented with clinical abnormalities, irresponsible ownership may have negatively impacted dog health and welfare.

Discussion

This study was the first to establish the density of free-roaming dogs, the ratio of stray and semi-domiciled dogs, and their dynamics over time in Foz do Iguaçu. The findings may serve as a warning for the high level of dog outdoor access and irresponsible guardianship, which may negatively affect animal health and welfare, leading to diseases, accidents, trauma, and animal cruelty.
Surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius muscles in post-operative T3–L3 hemilaminectomy dogs: a prospective controlled observational study
Authors: Schwartz John A. , Carrera-Justiz Sheila , Repac Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine if surface electromyography (sEMG) demonstrates differences in muscle activation between normal and dogs recovering from spinal cord injury due to intervertebral disk extrusion.

Animals

Two groups of client-owned small-breed chondrodysplastic-type dogs were tested. Group 1 consisted of seven ambulatory paraparetic dogs that had undergone a hemilaminectomy procedure in the T3-L3 region for intervertebral disk extrusion 1 month prior. Group 2 was made up of seven normal dogs that had no history of intervertebral disk disease or spinal surgery.

Procedures

Each subject walked 10 feet on a nonslip surface for at least five gait cycles for the sEMG to capture muscle activation of the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius, bilaterally. Muscle activation was quantified as the total myoelectric output area under the curve, averaged across all gait cycles.

Results

Muscle activation was significantly greater in the post-operative hemilaminectomy group (p = 0.012). There was a significant difference in muscle activation between each hindlimb in the post-operative hemilaminectomy group, but not in the normal group. The muscle activation was significantly lower on the side that underwent surgery compared to the opposite limb (p = 0.0034).

Conclusion and clinical importance

Post-operative hemilaminectomy dogs have greater hindlimb muscle activation compared to normal dogs, which likely represents a lack of descending inhibition secondary to upper motor neuron syndrome. The side of surgery is correlated with decreased muscle activation. Surface EMG can be used to evaluate muscle activity in dogs recovering from spinal decompression surgery.
Distributed Event-Triggered Optimal Algorithm Designs for Economic Dispatching of DC Microgrid with Conventional and Renewable Generators: Actuator-Based Control and Optimization
Authors: Shi Wenming , Lv Xianglian , He Yang
Published: August 2024

Actuators play a crucial role in modern distributed electric grids and renewable energy network architectures, implementing control actions based on sensor data to ensure optimal system performance and stability. This paper addresses the economic dispatch (ED) problem of distributed DC microgrids with renewable energy. In these systems, numerous sensors and actuators are integral for monitoring and controlling various parameters to ensure optimal performance. A new event-triggered distributed optimization algorithm in the discrete time domain is employed to ensure the minimum production cost of the power grid. This algorithm leverages data from sensors to make real-time adjustments through actuators, ensuring the maximum energy utilization rate of renewable generators (RGs) and the minimum cost of conventional generators (CGs). It realizes the optimal synergy between conventional energy and renewable energy. Compared to the continuous sampling optimization algorithm, the event-triggered control (ETC) optimization algorithm reduces the frequency of communication and current sampling, thus improving communication efficiency and extending the system’s lifetime. The use of actuators in this context is crucial for implementing these adjustments effectively. Additionally, the convergence and stability of the DC microgrid are proven by the designed Lyapunov function. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm is validated through simulations of the DC microgrid.
Biomechanical Analysis of Elite Ice-Climbing Performance
Authors: Thompson Missy A. , Blair Dylan , Shippen Morgan , Toma Sean
Published: August 2024

Competitive ice climbing involves ascending ice and natural rock/manmade features using specialized equipment. Despite its growing popularity, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between ice climbers’ biomechanics and performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze spatiotemporal variables and upper-extremity joint kinematics during an elite lead ice-climbing competition. A total of 24 (16 male, 8 female) competitors participated. Video data was recorded during the ice climbing competition, and biomechanical analysis software was used to measure kinematic variables (shoulder and elbow angles) and spatiotemporal (time climbing/resting and number of moves/rests) throughout a section of the competition route. Independent t-tests examined differences between the top and bottom 50% of competitors, and correlations assessed the strength of the relationship between the measured variables and competition rank. We found a strong correlation between elbow and shoulder angles at weight bearing on the ice tool, indicating that ice climbers rely on more extended arm positions, which may decrease muscle fatigue, maintain optimal muscle fiber lengths, and keep the trunk close to the wall with lower contact forces. Additionally, we found that higher-performing ice climbers moved faster with fewer moves, which is likely due to their ability to identify specific holds as affordances to guide their movement.
Waterlogged Archaeological Woods
Authors: Kim Yoon Soo , Singh Adya P.
Published: August 2024

Ancient wooden structures that are being continually uncovered from waterlogged environments are considered to be precious artefacts that reveal past human history and culture, as well as climatic changes that have occurred over the span of centuries [...]
Neighborhood-Scale Wildfire Evacuation Vulnerability in Hays County, TX
Authors: Ramos Chad , Yuan Yihong
Published: August 2024

Despite increasing wildfire severity and range, rapid development in the fire-prone Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) has continued, and many neighborhoods are at risk of a constrained wildfire evacuation due to a high ratio of houses to community road-network exits. In Texas, Hays County is prone to fire, and rapid population growth has created a substantial WUI. Despite this, there is not sufficient research addressing neighborhood-level evacuation risks. The goal of this research, then, is to search Hays County for neighborhoods that face the highest combined risk of wildfire and potential evacuation difficulty. This research provides a limited use case wherein local decision-makers can quantify the combined risk of wildfire and constrained evacuation at the neighborhood scale by making use of standard spatial analysis techniques and publicly available datasets. The results show an alarming trend of low-egress neighborhoods in fire-prone areas within Hays County which carry the risk of a very difficult evacuation in cases when wildfire warning time is short. By using publicly available datasets and standard techniques, this research provides methods for local decision-makers across the state to identify these at-risk neighborhoods within their own jurisdictions which may aid in emergency planning and mitigation.
Exploring the Association of Biochemical Characterization and Genetic Determinants of TNF-α, CXCR2, and CCR5 Delta 32 Mutation with Predisposition to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Almasoudi Kholoud S. , Hussain Eram , Almotairi Reema , Bhat Tanzeela , Mtiraoui Nabil , Ezzidi Intissar , Mir Rashid
Published: August 2024

PCOS is a heterogeneous, multifactorial endocrine disorder with a complex pathophysiology. It is a globally rising infertility disorder that affects a large percentage of women of reproductive age, with a relatively high prevalence of 8–13%. Genome-wide association studies have revealed associations of genetic variations with many diseases, including PCOS. The cellular activity of IL8 is mediated by the receptor CXCR2, and transcription of IL8 is controlled by TNF-α. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of TNF-α, CCR5-delta32, and CXCR2 gene variations with PCOS. Methodology: In this case control study, we used amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR to detect and determine the presence of the polymorphic variants TNF-α, CCR5-delta32, and CXCR2 in the study subjects. These gene polymorphs may serve as critical candidate gene variants in PCOS pathogenesis and therapeutics. Results: The case–control study’s findings revealed that the majority of the biochemical and endocrine serum biomarkers examined in the investigation—including lipids (LDL, HDL, and cholesterol), T2DM markers (fasting glucose, free insulin, and HOMA-IR), and hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone, and progesterone)—exhibited statistically significant changes in PCOS patients. The distributions of TNF-α (rs1800629), CCR5-delta32, and CXCR2 (rs2230054) genotypes analyzed within PCOS patients and healthy controls in the considered population were significant (p < 0.05). The heterozygosity of CXCR2-CA, TNF-α GA, and CCR5(WT+Δ32*) genotypes was significantly associated with PCOS susceptibility, with high OR and p < 0.05 in the codominant model. Similarly, the A allele of the TNF-α and CXCR2 genes, along with the CCR5Δ32*(mutant) allele, was significantly associated with PCOS susceptibility, with high OR and p < 0.05. Likewise, the CXCR2 (CA+AA) vs CC genotype was associated with increased susceptibility to PCOS, with OR 2.25, p < 0.032. Conclusions: Our study concludes that TNF-α rs1800629G>A, CXCR2-rs2230054C>T, and CCR5-Delta32 rs333 are potential loci for developing PCOS in the Tabuk population. These findings might eventually be useful in identifying and classifying those who are at risk for PCOS. To validate these results, it is advised that further longitudinal studies be conducted in diverse ethnic populations and with larger sample sizes.
COVID-19 Coagulopathy
Authors: Rettew Andrew , Garrahy Ian , Rahimian Shoja , Brown Rebecca , Sangha Navdeep
Published: August 2024

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the respiratory viral infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite being a primary respiratory illness, it is commonly complicated by systemic involvement of the vasculature leading to arterial and venous thrombosis. In this review, we will focus on the association between COVID-19 and thrombosis. We will highlight the pathophysiology of COVID-19 coagulopathy. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vasculopathy will be discussed with a focus on venous and arterial thromboembolic events. COVID-19 vasculopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are distinguished within, as well as areas of controversy, such as “long COVID”. Finally, the current professional guidelines on prevention and treatment of thrombosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection will be discussed.
Optimizing the Capacity Allocation of the Chinese Hierarchical Healthcare System under Heavy Traffic Conditions
Authors: Wu Linjia , Han Kevin , Wu Han , Shi Yu , Liu Canyao
Published: August 2024

In this study, we explore optimal service allocation within the Chinese hierarchical healthcare system with green channels, providing valuable insights for practitioners to understand how optimal service allocation is affected by various realistic factors. These green channels are designed to streamline referrals from community healthcare centers to comprehensive hospitals. We aim to determine the optimal capacity allocation for these green channels within comprehensive hospitals. Our research employs techniques from queuing theory and stochastic processes, e.g., diffusion analysis, to develop a mathematical model that approximates the optimal allocation of resources. We uncover both closed-form and numerical solutions for this optimal capacity allocation. By analyzing the impact of various cost factors, we find that an increase in costs within the green channel results in a lower optimal service rate. Additionally, patient preferences for specific treatments influence allocation, reducing the optimal share of services provided by general hospitals. The optimal solution is also affected by the proportions of different patient types. Through extensive simulations, we validate the accuracy of our model approximations under heavy traffic conditions, further examining sources of error to ensure robustness. Our findings provide valuable insights into optimizing resource allocation in hierarchical healthcare systems, ensuring efficient and cost-effective patient care.
Philosophy Untouched by Science? Zeno’s Runner, Sextus’ Epochē, and More
Authors: Mattes Josef
Published: August 2024

The relationship between science and philosophy is contentious. Quine saw philosophy as continuous with science (broadly understood), but many philosophers see a dichotomy between them. The present paper discusses cases where the relevance of certain scientific findings has been denied (related to Zeno’s Dichotomy paradox and to the appeal of skeptical arguments) or overlooked (one argument related to the frame problem of artificial intelligence and Nagel’s “bat” argument). The results caution against overly quick dismissal of the import of science on philosophical questions, whether the latter be of a more theoretical or practical nature.
On the Determinants of Discount Rates in Discounted Cash Flow Valuations: A Counterfactual Analysis
Authors: Vonlanthen Joël
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the scarcity of empirical findings on the determinants of discount rates in the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, filling a crucial gap in the existing literature and enhancing the understanding of the valuation process from the perspectives of key stakeholders. Leveraging a unique dataset comprising market transactions enriched with expert-based valuation information, the study conducts a comprehensive counterfactual analysis of the fundamental determinants influencing both appraisal-based and transaction-based discount rates. The results reveal that appraisers and investors attribute different levels of importance to object-specific, locational, and macroeconomic variables. A type-specific analysis further reveals that locational and macroeconomic variables exert a greater influence on discount rates in the residential real estate segment. In contrast, object-specific characteristics hold significantly higher importance in explaining discount rates in the commercial real estate segment.
Exploring the Significance of “Discerning the Zong (Bian Zong 辨宗)” in the Sectarianization of Buddhism
Authors: Zhou Peng
Published: August 2024

The prelude holds dual significance. Firstly, it denotes the initial exploration of sectarian Buddhism by the Sanlun zong and the Tiantai zong. Secondly, it signifies the act of “exploring” itself as a means of establishing a distinct sect. The concept of “Discerning the Zong” not only permeates the context of the sectarianization of Buddhism but also exerts influence on the evolution trajectory of the Sinicization of Buddhism to some extent. Sectarian Buddhism is rooted in the foundational principles and overarching framework of the Sanlun zong and the Tiantai zong, presenting a continuous portrayal of the development of Chinese Buddhist sects.
Spiritual Dimensions of Trauma and Posttraumatic Growth: An Ethnographic Exploration
Authors: Rogers Frank
Published: August 2024

Cradled in the Arms of Compassion is an autoethnography chronicling the spiritual dimensions of recovering from childhood sexual abuse. This article summarizes the results of that autobiographical research with particular attention to the spiritual dimensions and soul injuries of childhood sexual abuse experienced by the author and the spiritual resources that were discovered in the recovery from such abuse. It concludes with ten distilled coordinates that guide and support sexual abuse recovery as a resource for therapeutic and spiritual caregivers working with sexual abuse survivors.
Western Traditions and Eastern Practices: Historical Examples and Political Interpretation in Vagnone’s Western Learning of Governance
Authors: Xue Lingmei
Published: August 2024

This paper explores how the Jesuit missionary Alfonso Vagnone selected, interpreted, and presented historical examples in The Western Learning of Governance (Zhiping xixue 治平西学) to support their political theories and viewpoints. It analyzes how this cross-cultural knowledge exchange aimed at facilitating the interaction and integration of Chinese and Western political thought. When choosing historical examples, Vagnone reduced the religious elements and highlighted the secular dimension and the Western political principles which align with the political practices of the Ming dynasty. This process demonstrates cultural adaptation and adjustment. By comparing Western and Eastern interpretations of the same historical examples, this paper illustrates how missionaries used these examples to bridge Western and Eastern political thought, promoting their interaction and integration.
Parameter Identification for Fault Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Transient Processes
Authors: Wu Chaoqiang , Verl Alexander
Published: August 2024

As the market for hybrid and electric vehicles expands, electric motor production and testing technology must be continuously improved to meet the cost and quality requirements of mass production. In order to detect faults in motors during the production process, a condition monitoring tool is used for the motor end line. During most condition monitoring, the motor operates in a static state where the speed of the motor remains constant and the voltage/current is recorded for a certain period. This process usually takes a long time and requires a loader to drag the motor to a standstill at a constant speed. In this paper, various transient process testing methods are introduced. For these processes, only transient operation of the motor, such as acceleration, loss, or a short circuit, is required. By analyzing the measurement results and simulation results of motor models, unhealthy motors can be detected more effectively.