bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capturing experiences as they happen: diary data collection for social marketing
Authors: Burton Suzan , Nesbit Paul
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– This study aims to show how diary-style voice recordings can be used to provide social marketers with greater insights into the influences on behaviour than those obtained from interviews. Diary data have the potential to provide deeper insight into the causes of behaviour than can be obtained from retrospective interviews or surveys.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected from 31 smokers and attempting quitters exploring their attributions for smoking and cigarette purchase, using both face-to face interviews and event-contingent voice recordings over a four-day period, with participants asked to make a recording whenever they were tempted to smoke or buy cigarettes.

Findings

– Voice recordings provided additional insights into the influences on smoking and cigarette purchase compared to face-to-face interviews. In particular, voice recordings appeared to provide insight into prompts for purchase and smoking that were not recalled during interviews, and, for some respondents, gave them greater control over unwanted behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

– The study relies on participants’ self-reports, and individuals may be unaware of some of the influences on their behaviour.

Practical implications

– The study shows that voice-recordings offer a novel method of obtaining insight into subtle influences on consumer behaviour that are insufficiently salient to be recalled in retrospective interviews.

Originality/value

– The study shows the value of voice recordings for providing near-real-time insights into triggers for different behaviours, and offers potential for extending the method into other areas of social marketing.
Challenges of SMEs innovation and entrepreneurial financing
Authors: Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– Today, the financing mechanisms to support small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) development have been a subject of great interest and a challenge to policy makers as SMEs are regarded as an important sector contributing to economic growth and stability. This paper is concerned with the bank financing policies to support SME development in China. The purpose of this paper is to examine the governmental financing policies and the innovation financing system of China. The discussions are focused on the bank financing policies to support SME development in China.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study is a qualitative research with the use of case study methodology (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2003). The research is focused on the policy perspectives of bank financing to support SME development in the case of China, the world’s fastest-growing economy. To explore the role of financial institutions and banks in SME financing in China, the research also derives evidence from a collection of documentary investigation. The research fieldwork and interviews were undertaken in Beijing and Shanghai, major financial centers in China, with the use of semi-structured questionnaire. The analyses are undertaken to answer the key questions of: What are the Chinese government’s strategies to support the development of SMEs? To what extent the government policies in bank financing can support SMEs and promote the development of an innovative economy?

Findings

– The empirical study has shown that despite the introduction of the 12th Five-Year National Economic and Social Development Plan to support SMEs development, China still needs to improve regulatory policies in support of innovative businesses which would help its transition to an innovation-driven economy. The study provides lessons and policy guidelines to improve the competitiveness of SMEs in China. The insights from this study can also be applied to other developing and emerging economies attempting to understand the role of financing mechanisms in building an innovative economy.

Originality/value

– The study has addressed the policy challenges to support SME development in China, a major Asian emerging country and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world (with averaged growth rate of 10 percent per annum). The empirical study of policy challenges was undertaken in Beijing and Shanghai, major financial centers in China. The study offers insights which can be applied to other developing and emerging economies attempting to understand the role of SME financing policies and mechanisms in building an innovative economy.
The electrical conductivity of Posidonia black shales — from magnetotelluric exploration to rock samples
Authors: Adão Filipe , Ritter Oliver , Spangenberg Erik
Published: September 2015

We carried out a magnetotelluric field campaign in the South–East Lower Saxony Basin, Germany, with the main goal of testing this method for imaging regional Posidonia black shale sediments. Two‐dimensional inversion results of the magnetotelluric data show a series of conductive structures correlating with brine‐saturated sediments but also with deeper, anthracitic Westphalian/Namurian coals. None of these structures can be directly related with the Posidonia black shale, which appears to be generally resistive and therefore difficult to resolve with the magnetotelluric method. This assumption is supported by measurements of electrical resistivity on a set of Posidonia shale samples from the Hils syncline in the Lower Saxony basin. These rock samples were collected in shallow boreholes and show immature (0.53% Ro), oil (0.88% Ro), and gas (1.45% Ro) window thermal maturities. None of the black shale samples showed low electrical resistivity, particularly those with oil window maturity show resistivity exceeding 104 Ωm. Moreover, we could not observe a direct correlation between maturity and electrical resistivity; the Harderode samples showed the highest resistivity, whereas the Haddessen samples showed the lowest. A similar trend has been seen for coals in different states of thermal maturation. Saturation of the samples with distilled and saline water solutions led to decreasing electrical resistivity. Moreover, a positive correlation of electrical resistivity with porosity is observed for the Wickensen and Harderode samples, which suggests that the electrical resistivity of the Posidonia black shale is mainly controlled by porosity.
Low‐dose adjunctive cilostazol in patients with complex lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zheng Xin‐Tian , Chen Kang‐Yin , Liu Tong , Xu Ling‐Xia , Che Jing‐Jin , Rha Seung‐Woon , Li Guang‐Ping
Published: September 2015

Patients with complex coronary lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have more major adverse cardiac events (MACE) than do those with simpler cases. Therefore, intensive antiplatelet therapy might be needed in these patients. A total of 127 patients with complex lesions undergoing PCI in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from October 2012 to April 2014 were randomized to receive either dual (aspirin plus clopidogrel, DAPT, n = 66), or triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel plus cilostazol; TAPT, n = 61). Patients in the TAPT group received low‐dose cilostazol (100 mg loading, followed with 50 mg twice per day) for 3–6 months. The primary endpoint was composite MACE. The complex coronary target lesions were defined as at least one of the following: left main disease; severe 3‐vessel disease; chronic total occlusion lesions; true bifurcation lesion; ostial lesions; severe calcified lesions; and highly thrombotic lesions. The two groups had similar baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. One‐year clinical outcomes showed that the TAPT group had significantly lower incidences of myocardial infarction (1.6% vs 13.6%, P = 0.018) and MACE (1.6% vs 16.7%, P = 0.004) than DAPT group. The DAPT group had two cases of stent thrombosis, while the TAPT group did not. Furthermore, adjunctive low‐dose cilostazol didn't significantly increase the incidence of bleeding events (26.2% vs 19.7%, P = 0.381) regardless of major (4.9% vs 4.5%, P = 0.921) or minor (21.3% vs 15.2%, P = 0.368) bleeding events. In conclusion, low‐dose adjunctive cilostazol seems superior to dual antiplatelet therapy in reducing recurrent ischemic events in patients with complex coronary lesions and the two test groups have a similar incidence of bleeding events.
Identifying Nursing Interventions in a Cancer Screening Program Using Nursing Interventions Classification Taxonomy
Authors: Benito Llucia , Lluch María Teresa , Falcó Anna Marta , García Montse , Puig Montse
Published: September 2015

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate which Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) labels correspond to specific nursing interventions provided during cancer screening to establish a nursing documentation system.

Method

This descriptive study was conducted to identify and classify the interventions that cancer screening nurses perform based on an initial list.

Findings

The initial list was grouped into 15 interventions that corresponded to four domains and eight classes.

Conclusion

The study found expert consensus regarding the duties of cancer screening nurses and identified 15 interventions that should be implemented in clinical practice for cancer screening care, according to the NIC taxonomy.

Implications

This study is the first step in developing indicators to assess nursing performance in cancer screening, and it helps to establish the core competency requirements for cancer screening nurses.
WHAT IF SMALL CHANGES REALLY COULD CHANGE THE WORLD?
Authors: Markides Costas , McGahan Anita
Published: September 2015

Costas Markides and Anita McGahan take small steps to make the world a better place
Beating the blaze: Fire survival in the fan aloe (Kumara plicatilis), a succulent monocotyledonous tree endemic to the Cape fynbos, South Africa
Authors: Cousins Stephen R. , Witkowski Ed T. F. , Pfab Michèle F.
Published: September 2015

Fire is central to the ecology of Mediterranean‐type climate ecosystems, but little is known about the fire ecology of succulent plants therein. This study investigated the fire ecology of an arborescent succulent monocot, Kumara plicatilis (L.) G. D. Rowley (Asphodelaceae), a Cape fynbos endemic. Habitat suitability was assessed to determine whether the species tolerates or ‘avoids’ fire, and fire survival traits (bark thickness and tissue water content) were measured. The population size structure and density of three K. plicatilis populations were assessed after natural fires, and resprouting potential was investigated. Kumara plicatilis adopts a dual fire survival strategy, occupying rocky sites to ‘avoid’ fire and possessing morphological features that afford fire tolerance, e.g. well‐protected apical meristems and thick corky bark. Bark thickness of burned individuals in situ was similar to unburned plants, suggesting that K. plicatilis bark provides effective insulation against fire. Mortality rates were 64%, 40% and 11%, and decreased as rock cover at the population level increased. All three populations showed reduced plant density post‐fire, with greater density reductions associated with lower rock cover. Small plants appear most vulnerable to fire damage due to lower absolute bark thickness and plant heights within the flame zone. Kumara plicatilis is an apical sprouter, recovering after fire or mechanical stem damage by onward growth from surviving stem apices, rather than resprouting. Post‐fire population recovery therefore likely depends on inter‐fire recruitment.
Translating niche features: Modelling differential exposure of Argentine reptiles to global climate change
Authors: Nori Javier , Moreno Azócar Débora L. , Cruz Felix B. , Bonino Marcelo F. , Leynaud Gerardo C.
Published: September 2015

Global climate change affects the distributions of ectotherms and may be the cause of several conservation problems, such as great displacement of climatic suitable spaces for species and, consequently, important reductions of the extent of liveable places, threatening the existence of many of them. Species exposure (and hence vulnerability) to global climate change is linked to features of their climatic niches (such as the relative position of the inhabited localities of each species in the climatic space), and therefore to characteristics of their geographic ranges (such as the extent of the distributions or altitudinal range inhabited by the species). In order to analyze the pattern of response of Argentine reptiles to global climate change, we ran phylogenetic generalized least squares models using species exposure to global climate change as a response variable, and (i) niche properties (breadth and position of the species in the climate space) and (ii) general features of the distribution of species (maximum latitude, altitudinal range, maximum elevation, distributional range and proximity to the most important dispersal barrier) as predictors. Our results suggest that the best way to explain climate change exposure is by combining breadth and position of climatic niche of the species or combining geographic features that are indicators of both niche characteristics. Our best model shows that in our study area, species with the narrowest distributional ranges that also inhabit the highest elevations are the most exposed to the effects of global climate change. In this sense, reptile species from Yungas, Puna and Andes ecoregions could be especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change. We believe that these types of models may represent an interesting tool for determining species and places particularly threatened by the effects of global climate change, which should be strongly considered in conservation planning.
Silent Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Pacemaker Users: A Randomized Trial Using Home Monitoring
Authors: Lima CEB , Martinelli M , Peixoto GL , Siqueira SF , Wajngarten Maurício , Silva Rodrigo Tavares , Costa Roberto , Filho Roberto , Ramires José Antônio Franchini
Published: September 2015

Background

Pacemaker with remote monitoring (PRM) may be useful for silent atrial fibrillation (AF) detection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of silent AF, the role of PRM, and to determine predictors of silent AF occurrence.

Methods

Three hundred elderly patients with permanent pacemaker (PPM) were randomly assigned to the remote group (RG) or control group (CG). All patients received PPM with remote monitoring capabilities. Primary end point was AF occurrence rate and the secondary end points were time to AF detection and number of days with AF.

Results

During the average follow‐up of 15.7±7.7 months, AF episodes were detected in 21.6% (RG = 24% vs CG = 19.3%, P = 0.36]. There was no difference in the time to detect the first AF episode. However, the median time to detect AF recurrence in the RG was lower than that in the CG (54 days vs 100 days, P = 0.004). The average number of days with AF was 16.0 and 51.2 in the RG and CG, respectively (P = 0.028). Predictors of silent AF were left atrial diameter (odds ratio [OR] 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.3; P < 0.001) and diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.8; 95% CI = 1.6–14.0; P = 0.005).

Conclusions

The incidence of silent AF is high in elderly patients with pacemaker; left atrial diameter and diastolic dysfunction were predictors of its occurrence. AF monitoring by means of pacemaker is a valuable tool for silent AF detection and continuous remote monitoring allows early AF recurrence detection and reduces the number of days with AF.
Structural study of the ovary, oogenesis and brooding in Tonicia lebruni (Polyplacophora Chitonidae) from Patagonia
Authors: Ituarte Cristián , Arellano Flavia Elisa
Published: September 2015

Tonicia lebruni, a common, lower intertidal and subtidal chiton inhabiting Patagonian rocky shores, is a gonochoristic iteroparous species producing large eggs (≈ 400 μm in diameter), which are fertilized and brooded within the pallial groves until released as juveniles. A free larval stage is absent, despite this, T. lebruni is widely distributed along the south‐western Atlantic. At Puerto Deseado, T. lebruni has a marked seasonality in the reproductive cycle, reproducing only once a year. The reproductive period is quite short and defined in time: spawning and brooding take place during the late austral winter and beginning of spring. Recovery of the female gonad starts very soon after spawning. Oogenesis takes about 10–11 months for completion. Brood size is correlated with length of maternal individual. The number of embryos per brood varied between 785 and 5945. Extensive resorption of abortive eggs is viewed as related to limitation of space available for brooding. The egg hull is formed by a large number of minute pentagonal or hexagonal plates each one bearing a short spine bent onto the egg surface. The morphology and the surface of the hull could contribute to the cohesiveness of the brooded egg mass within the pallial grooves.
Vemurafenib-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: possible cross-reactivity with other sulfonamide compounds
Authors: Bellón T. , Lerma V. , González-Valle O. , González Herrada C. , de Abajo F.J.
Published: September 2015

Vemurafenib is a newly licensed target-directed medication. It has been proven to improve the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma and the BRAFV600E mutation; however, adverse cutaneous reactions are frequent. Few cases of life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) induced by vemurafenib have been reported. Dabrafenib, another selective BRAF inhibitor, has been licensed recently as an alternative drug with the same indications. From a molecular point of view, both vemurafenib and dabrafenib contain a sulfonamide group; cross-reactivity to sulfonamide compounds has been reported in allergic patients. We report on a patient with vemurafenib-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In vitro analysis of lymphocyte reactivity to vemurafenib showed positive results, confirming drug causality. In addition, lymphocytes from the patient reacted to dabrafenib and to the antibiotic sulfonamide drug sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, lymphocytes from two patients with cutaneous adverse reactions to sulfamethoxazole also reacted to vemurafenib and dabrafenib in vitro. These data strongly suggest that there might be clinical cross-reactivity between BRAF inhibitors and sulfonamides in some patients. Thus, precautions should be taken to avoid sulfonamide drugs as much as possible in patients showing serious hypersensitivity reactions to vemurafenib and vice versa.
Tumor suppressor gene OSCP1/NOR1 regulates apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and ROS generation during eye development of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Huu Nguyen Tho , Yoshida Hideki , Yamaguchi Masamitsu
Published: September 2015

OSCP1/NOR1 (organic solute carrier partner 1/oxidored nitrodomain‐containing protein 1) is a known tumor suppressor protein. OSCP1 has been reported to mediate transport of various organic solutes into cells; however, its role during development has not yet been addressed. Here we report the results of studies on dOSCP1 (the Drosophila ortholog of hOSCP1) to elucidate the role of OSCP1/NOR1 during development. Knockdown of dOSCP1 in the eye imaginal discs induced a rough‐eye phenotype in adult flies. This phenotype resulted from induction of caspase‐dependent apoptosis followed by a compensatory cell proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species in eye imaginal discs. The induction of apoptosis appears to be associated with down‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic Buffy gene and up‐regulation of the pro‐apoptotic Debcl gene. These effects of knockdown of dOSCP1 lead to mitochondrial fragmentation, degradation, and a shortfall in ATP production. We also found that knockdown of dOSCP1 causes a defect in cone cell and pigment cell differentiation in pupal retinae. Moreover, mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor pathway‐related genes, such as Spitz and Drk, enhanced the rough‐eye phenotype induced by dOSCP1 knockdown. These results suggest that dOSCP1 positively regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that dOSCP1 plays multiple roles during eye development in Drosophila.
Mesoscale Phase Field Modeling of Glass Strengthening Under Triaxial Compression
Authors: Li Yulan , Sun Xin
Published: September 2015

Recent “hydraulic bomb” and “confined sleeve” tests on transparent armor glass materials such as borosilicate glass and soda‐lime glass showed that the glass strength was a function of confinement pressure. The measured stress–strain relation is not a straight line as most brittle materials behave under little or no confinement. Moreover, borosilicate glass exhibited a stronger compressive strength when compared to soda‐lime glass, even though soda‐lime has higher bulk and shear moduli as well as apparent yield strength. To better understand these experimental findings, a mesoscale phase field model is developed to simulate the nonlinear stress versus strain behaviors under confinement by considering heterogeneity formation — under triaxial compression and the energy barrier of a micro shear banding event (referred to as pseudo‐slip hereafter) in the amorphous glass. With calibrated modeling parameters, the simulation results demonstrate that the developed phase field model can quantitatively predict the pressure‐dependent strength, and it can also explain the difference between the two types of glasses from the perspective of energy barrier associated with a pseudo‐slip event.
Solving misfits in ERP implementations by SMEs
Authors: van Beijsterveld Joost A. A. , van Groenendaal Willem J. H.
Published: September 2015

The gap between the organizational needs and the extent to which an ‘off‐the‐shelf’ enterprise resource planning (ERP) system can meet these is called a misfit. A framework is developed to distinguish actual from perceived misfits. This is used to analyse the ERP implementation at four small‐sized and medium‐sized enterprises. The results show that they prefer to adjust the ERP system to their business processes when needed but often unnecessarily change the system to solve perceived misfits. The framework is a first step to prevent this unnecessary work in the future.
Core–Shell Lead–Free Piezoelectric Ceramics: Current Status and Advanced Characterization of the Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–SrTiO3 System
Authors: Acosta Matias , Schmitt Ljubomira A. , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Scherrer Michael C. , Brilz Michael , Webber Kyle G. , Deluca Marco , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Rödel Jürgen , Donner Wolfgang
Published: September 2015

The design of core–shell materials affords additional degrees of freedom to tailor functional properties as compared to solid solution counterparts. Although to date most of the work in core–shell materials has focused on dielectrics, piezoelectric core–shell ceramics may gain similar interest. Generalities of core–shell functional ceramics features are addressed in this work. A model system, Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–SrTiO3, is introduced to discuss structure–property relationships. We demonstrate that this system features a core–shell microstructure for the composition corresponding to 25 at.% Sr. The material is studied by means of macroscopic functional properties and in situ structural characterization techniques at different length scales, such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The evolution of the core–shell with field and temperature determines its functional properties. The high strain of the system, ~0.3% at 4 kV/mm, is due to an electric‐field‐induced phase transition of the core and shell. Upon field removal the core remains in a poled state, whereas the shell is characterized by a reversible transformation. The reversibility of the phase transition of shells and associated switching are key features in the observed giant strain. Dielectric anomalies are found to be related to changes in oxygen octahedral tilting angles within the core and shell.
Effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides Essential Oil and Nisin, Both Separately and in Combination, to Extend Shelf Life and Control Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Beef Patty during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Shahbazi Yasser , Shavisi Nassim , Mohebi Ehsan
Published: September 2015

The effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides (0.1 and 0.2%) and nisin (250 and 500 IU/g), both separately and in combination, on mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms and also on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw beef patty during storage at refrigerated temperature for 9 days were evaluated. Carvacrol (64.22%), followed by thymol (19.22%), p‐cymene (4.86%) and γ‐terpinene (4.63%) were the most abundant components of the essential oil. Both the essential oil and nisin significantly (P < 0.05) affected the growth of psychrotrophic, Enterobacteriaceae and mesophilic bacteria and also S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. Among the experimental groups, samples treated with 0.2% essential oil + 500 IU/g nisin showed the significant most rapid decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of tested microorganisms. Our findings indicate that the essential oil of Z. clinopodioides and nisin has a potential to be applied as an antimicrobial and preservative agent in food products, especially in beef patty.

Practical Applications

The genus Ziziphora is widely used as appetitive, carminative, antiseptic, wound‐healing material, sedative, stomach tonic, expectorant and antiseptic in different parts of Iran. In addition, the air‐dried aerial parts of the plant were used in culinary as spice in different foods such as meat and cheese to enhance of their flavor and aroma. In the present study, the essential oil and nisin, both separately and in combination, were very effective in inhibiting Enterobacteriaceae, mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms and also Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. This essential oil and nisin could be natural antimicrobial alternatives to the synthetic chemical preservatives.
Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in UF White Cheese: Impact of Different Storage Temperatures on Various Strains
Authors: AbdollahI Elham , Hanifian Shahram
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different temperatures on survival of various strains of Yersinia enterocolitica during the storage of ultra‐filtered (UF) white cheese. UF pasteurized cow milk was inoculated with 3 log colony‐forming unit per gram of two standard strains (DSM 11502 and DSM 9499) and one native strain of Y. enterocolitica. Cheese samples were prepared according to the regular procedure and stored at 14, 8 and 25C. The variation of Y. enterocolitica populations was tracked throughout the 60 days of storage, and the enumerated colonies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. According to the results, the number of Y. enterocolitica increased significantly (P < 0.01) after incubation time; however, it was diminished during storage period. Data also suggested that survival of Y. enterocolitica is temperature dependent. Moreover, the native strain of Y. enterocolitica survived longer than standard strains.

Practical Applications

Rapid increasing of Y. enterocolitica during ultra‐filtered (UF) white cheese preparation revealed the necessity for retaining hygienic conditions to avoid cross‐contamination. In addition, the detrimental condition provided by the activity of starter bacteria, acidic pH, salt and storage time was not sufficient as Y. enterocolitica survived the 2‐month storage period of UF white cheese. Results showed that behavior of native strains could be significantly different from the laboratory‐adopted strains. Therefore, in food model studies it is recommended that the survival of native microbial strains be assessed along with the standard ones.
Short‐term effects of T‐2 toxin exposure on some lipid peroxide and glutathione redox parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Bócsai A. , Pelyhe Cs. , Zándoki E. , Ancsin Zs. , Szabó‐Fodor J. , Erdélyi M. , Mézes M. , Balogh K.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short‐term effects of T‐2 toxin exposure (3.09 mg/kg feed) on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system of broiler chicken. A total of 54 Cobb 500 cockerels were randomly distributed to two experimental groups at 21 days of age. Samples (blood plasma, red blood cell, liver, kidney and spleen) were collected every 12 h during a 48‐h period. The results showed that the initial phase of lipid peroxidation, as measured by conjugated dienes and trienes in the liver, was continuously, but not significantly higher in T‐2 toxin‐dosed birds than in control birds. The termination phase of lipid peroxidation, as measured by malondialdehyde, was significantly higher in liver and kidney as a result of T‐2 toxin exposure at the end of the experimental period (48th hour). The glutathione redox system activated shortly after starting the T‐2 toxin exposure, which is supported by the significantly higher concentration of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma at 24 and 48 h, in liver at 12, 24 and 36 h, and in kidney and spleen at 24 h. These results suggest that T‐2 toxin, or its metabolites, may be involved in the generation of reactive oxygen substances which causes an increase in lipid peroxidation, and consequently activates the glutathione redox system, namely synthesis of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase.
Analysis of the distribution and evolution of the ATP‐dependent DNA ligases of bacteria delineates a distinct phylogenetic group ‘Lig E’
Authors: Williamson Adele , Hjerde Erik , Kahlke Tim
Published: September 2015

Prior to the discovery of a minimal ATP‐dependent DNA ligase in Haemophilus influenzae, bacteria were thought to only possess a NAD‐dependent ligase, which was involved in sealing of Okazaki fragments. We now know that a diverse range of bacterial species possess up to six of these accessory bacterial ATP‐dependent DNA ligases (b‐ADLs), which vary in size and enzymatic domain associations. Here we compare the domain structure of different types of b‐ADLs and investigate their distribution among the bacterial domain to describe possible evolutionary trajectories that gave rise to the sequence and structural diversity of these enzymes. Previous biochemical and genetic analyses have delineated three main classes of these enzymes: Lig B, Lig C and Lig D, which appear to have descended from a common ancestor within the bacterial domain. In the present study, we delineate a fourth group of b‐ADLs, Lig E, which possesses a number of unique features at the primary and tertiary structural levels. The biochemical characteristics, domain structure and inferred extracellular location sets this group apart from the other b‐ADLs. The results presented here indicate that the Lig E type ligases were horizontally transferred into bacteria in a separate event from other b‐ADLs possibly from a bacteriophage.
Relatives perception of writing diaries for critically ill. A phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Nielsen Anne H. , Angel Sanne
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background

Diaries written by nurses for the critically ill patient help the relatives cope and support the patient. Relatives may participate in writing a diary for the critically ill and when they do this is appreciated by the patients. However, the relative's perception of writing a diary has not previously been explored.

Aim

To explore how relatives perceive writing a diary for the critically ill patient.

Method

In a phenomenological–hermeneutic study building on the theory of Ricoeur interviews with seven relatives were conducted and interpreted.

Findings

When relatives wrote a diary for the critically patients, they experienced that writing and reading the diary allowed for the unloading of emotions and expression of feelings. Writing a diary was a meaningful activity while enduring a situation of uncertainty and furthermore it created a distance that allowed understanding of the critical situation.

Conclusion

Involving relatives in writing a diary may support relatives and help them cope with the critical situation.

Relevance to clinical practice

Relatives are distressed and struggle to understand what is happening during the patient's course of illness. Involving relatives in writing a diary for the critically ill could be one way to meet their needs in the critical situation.
Are stabilized biosolids a eutrophication risk?
Authors: Withers P. J. A. , Flynn N. J. , Warren G. P.
Published: September 2015

Regular application of phosphorus (P)‐rich biosolids to limited land areas poses a potential eutrophication risk because of rapid soil P accumulation and increased transport of P in land runoff to receiving waterbodies. To assess the effect of biosolid‐P on eutrophication risk, we tested the effect of a range of stabilized biosolids on soil test P (STP) accumulation (measured by Olsen‐P), and resulting increases in the potential release of soluble P to runoff (measured by soil water‐extractable P (WEP)), for five major UK soil types in a 90‐day incubation study. Rates of Olsen‐P increase (range 1–18% of total P applied) were greatest for lime‐stabilized biosolids and least for Fe‐rich and thermally dried biosolids. Increases in Olsen‐P were not always accompanied by increases in WEP. Biosolids which contained large amounts of P‐binding elements (e.g. Ca and Fe) actually reduced WEP concentrations on poorly buffered soils. There was less effect of biosolid type on highly buffered soils, which continued to release low amounts of soluble P even at high Olsen‐P concentrations (up to 57 mg/kg). Soil WEP concentrations tended to increase more rapidly above ca. 20% soil P saturation, when the P sorption index was >6, and for biosolids with a molar Fe:P ratio of >1.2, but these potential thresholds require further verification under field conditions. Our results suggest the eutrophication risk associated with biosolids application can be overestimated, and they support the more widespread use of this valuable and renewable nutrient resource on some UK soils.
With Their Union's Help, Nontraditional Remediation Instructors at CUNY Make Strides toward a More Equitable Contract
Authors: Prato Anthony
Published: September 2015

This article examines an underreported and mislabeled form of part‐time labor at The City University of New York (CUNY), and uses CUNY's own data, an overview of recent history, and interviews with faculty and staff to demonstrate the need to change the status of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP) and CUNY Start instructors. Despite teaching more hours than full‐time professors, instructors in CLIP and CUNY Start are classified as part‐time, continuing education teachers, and as such are not covered by many of the contractual provisions that apply to CUNY faculty and professional staff. But CLIP and Start instructors are essential to the functioning of CUNY since they help bridge the permanent “skills gap” between New York City public high schools' academic standards and the requirements to be deemed proficient by CUNY, and CLIP instructors in particular help students overcome significant language barriers. Over the past two years, CLIP and Start teachers have begun to organize, and with the help of their union, the Professional Staff Congress, hope to improve their status in years to come.
Designed to Fail: Adjunct Faculty and the Fight for Education
Authors: Goldstene Claire
Published: September 2015

Free speech is essential if universities are to be sites, not merely for the dissemination of knowledge, but for its discovery, a condition undermined by the contingent status of most faculty. Insecure employment constrains adjuncts from encouraging students to confront and pursue the complexities of inquiry and to introduce what some might deem subversive themes. Such a system stunts intellectual and, hence, social progress. How we think matters, and an education that presents new ways of seeing, understanding, and reasoning allows consideration of new ways to organize society, all of which threatens the status quo. Although framed as economic necessity, the reliance on contingents manifests a political effort by the corporate order—consciously or not—to maintain power. What has emerged, then, is the systematic imposition of structural obstacles that impede the capacity of most faculty to educate in any real way, thus creating a system designed to fail.
Lessons for Mexican Educators on Organizing Temporary Workers in Various Industries and Communities Outside the Academy
Authors: Laredo Lilia Abarca
Published: September 2015

The Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación has developed a strategic plan with three approaches: one political, on legal, and one pedagogical. We Mexican teachers are raising questions about education in our country so that we can build bridges of communication and struggle that might connect us with colleagues in other countries. Our fundamental objective is to defend free public education. The Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación confirms its promise to participate in the debate and to create viable, relevant proposals in order to achieve social justice in our country.
Globalización, mercados y el futuro de las pesquerías
Authors: Pedroza Gutiérrez Carmen
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo presenta una breve reflexión acerca de la situación de deterioro dela pesca de captura y las tendencias de consumo de los productos pesqueros.Considera algunos de los principales aspectos que caracterizan los mercados deestos productos a nivel global, entre ellos la expansión de los mercados pesqueros yel aumento del consumo, resultado de las innovaciones tecnológicas y la mejora enlos canales de distribución, lo cual está teniendo impactos negativos en la pesca decaptura y causa una crisis de abastecimiento de este tipo de productos pesqueros.Crisis que de acuerdo con algunos científicos pesqueros, de continuar las mismastendencias, existe el riesgo de un colapso global de pesquerías.
Humanidades y formación contable: una relación necesaria para otear una reorientación de la profesión contable
Authors: Rojas Rojas William , Giraldo Gercés Gregorio
Published: September 2015

La educación contable se puede concebir como un proceso de transformación que incide no solo en la vida de quienes deciden asumir la contabilidad como profesión, sino que su ejercicio repercute directamente en el desarrollo de las dinámicas organizacionales y sociales. Las instituciones de educación superior que cuentan con este programa tienen la posibilidad de orientar la formación de contadores públicos de manera integral y crítica, siempre y cuando los actores que la viabilizan conjuren una nueva forma de abordar el hacer y las prácticas pedagógicas. En este sentido, el propósito de este texto es reflexionar en voz alta acerca de los caminos que se han venido desarrollando para transformar las prácticas contables y los procesos pedagógicos que sirven para impulsar la aparición de contadores capaces de repotenciar el telos de la profesión. Realmente se quiere invitar a pensar si se han dado cambios en la forma en que los miembros de la comunidad contable conciben la importancia de las humanidades (ciencias sociales y humanas) en el proceso de formación contable. En este horizonte de reflexión es pertinente preguntarse ¿cuál es la dimensión que se le da al componente de las humanidades en nuestro currículo? Para formular algunos elementos de análisis, se considera importante invitar a estudiar los desarrollos que se han obtenido con el ingreso de las humanidades a los currículos. 
Declaración en el Acto de creación de la Comisión de la verdad en la Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Authors: Chaui Marilena
Published: September 2015

Extracto del ensayo: "Buenas noches a todos y a todas. Quiero iniciar mi discurso con dos presentaciones. La primera es la de Heleny Guariba. Heleny y yo estudiamos juntas, precisamente fue ella quien me presentó a mi novio, con quien me casé un tiempo después. Estuve con Heleny la víspera del día de su arresto; charlamos durante varias horas en mi casa e hicimos algunos planes para el día siguiente, pero nunca más la volví a ver. La segunda presentación es la de otro colega, Luiz Roberto Salinas. Luiz Roberto no murió en la prisión, pero sin duda murió por las secuelas de su encarcelamiento. A Luiz Roberto lo encarcelaron y lo torturaron, si bien en aquella época, a finales de los años 70, ya no militaba en ningún movimiento o grupo. Había militado mucho antes, a la altura de 1964. La esposa de Luiz Roberto era periodista y por esos días había publicado un reportaje. Como los policías, los militares, no entendieron algunas de las palabras del reportaje, lo interpretaron como un código cifrado. Allanaron el apartamento de Luiz Roberto, pero como su esposa no se en- contraba en ese momento, lo apresaron y lo torturaron en el “Pau de arara”1 días sin fin para que confesara cuál era la clave. No había código alguno, no había nada que descifrar, nada, pero lo despedazaron, lo devastaron física y psíquicamente. Transcurrieron muchos años para que pudiera recuperarse, aunque nunca lo consiguió realmente. Sufrió una trombosis en sus dos piernas y tuvieron que amputarle los dedos de los pies. Murió con un síncope. Es claro que la tortura lo privó de la vida. Luiz Roberto era un gran amigo, un amigo del corazón. Entramos juntos al Departamento de Filosofía y juntos nos titulamos como profesores de la USP".
Desembalando las bibliotecas de la Cuba postsoviética
Authors: Unruh Vicky
Published: September 2015

A partir de las renombradas “Palabras a los intelectuales” (1961), pronunciadas por Fidel Castro en la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí y la creación de una red de Bibliotecas estatales, la biblioteca en Cuba se transformó en una esfera cultural saturada de ambigüedad ideológica. En este contexto, la representación de la biblioteca en la literatura y el cine de la época pos-soviética re-escenifica inconclusos debates entre la libertad de expresión y el contrato social. Este análisis demuestra que la reciente producción cultural cubana revigoriza la biblioteca como espacio de negociación ideológica en una época de expectativas precarias y reactiva conversaciones culturales sobre la clase social y la democratización, la propiedad cultural individual o colectiva, y el ideal revolucionario de la inmersión ciudadana en la vida cultural.
Ajeno a la Modernidad: la racionalización de la discriminación
Authors: Franco Jean
Published: September 2015

En la introducción al reporte de la Comisión Peruana de reconciliación y verdad, publicado en 2003, Salomón Lerner, presidente de la misma en su momento, deja ver su disgusto con respecto a la historia de discriminación en su país. Acusa al ejército y a la fuerza pública por un lado y a la insurgencia por el otro, de cometer atrocidades y masacres durante la Guerra Civil de la década de 1980 y comienzos de 1990 en la cual se estima que unas 69.000 personas fueron asesinadas o desaparecieron y miles fueron forzados a abandonar la región sur-central de sierra.
Más que naturalismo: melodrama, exceso y abandono en “La gallina degollada” de Horacio Quiroga
Authors: Utrera Laura
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo propone otra lectura del cuento “La gallina degollada” de Horacio Quiroga a través de la cual pueden plantearse los límites del naturalismo en el relato. Se parte de la lectura tradicional para advertir el ingreso de elementos vinculados con el abandono, el melodrama y el exceso. De este modo, la nota monocorde que aporta el naturalismo en el relato no alcanza a justificar la dimensión de lo narrado, no alcanza solo con pensar en el objetivo de toda ficción naturalista: demostrar el funcionamiento de las patologías sociales. El relato actualiza el horror aprehendido de Edgar A. Poe y de Guy de Maupassant (extremado al máximo), se vuelve más real y en su cruce con las páginas de crímenes y rarezas de la prensa de la época, el infanticidio que también puede leerse como una forma de abandono, se articula con una intuición retórica: el melodrama y el sensacionalismo típico de muchas de las ficciones del escritor
Néstor Perlongher y sus cadáveres: del neobarroso a la necropoética
Authors: Zaidenwerg Ezequiel
Published: September 2015

Este artículo explora la política de la forma poética en la obra de Néstor Perlongher en el contexto de la última dictadura militar argentina. En primer lugar, se analizan las operaciones de apropiación y adaptación que el poeta, antropólogo y militante argentino realiza sobre el neobarroco cubano de Lezama y Sarduy, a la hora de implantar en el Río de la Plata una poética que Perlongher llamaría “neobarrosa”. Luego se estudia la fascinación de Perlongher por los cadáveres nacionales, desde Eva Perón hasta los desaparecidos, y se postula que frente a la opción militante, el argentino se inclina por una necropoética. Así, formas y tradiciones dadas por muertas se levantan como zombis, y en ese énfasis en la corporeidad del lenguaje, Perlongher no sólo pone el cuerpo políticamente sino que les devuelve materialidad a los cuerpos borrados  de los desaparecidos.
“Nunca vayas a creer que estás abarcando la totalidad”, una entrevista a Daniel Caño
Authors: Sánchez M. Juan Guillermo
Published: September 2015

Como se verá en la entrevista que me ha concedido el autor, el asunto aquí no es “quién tiene la razón o quién no” (ya que en nuestros países latinoamericanos diversas cosmovisiones cohabitan, incluso en un mismo individuo), ni es el objetivo del poemario “convencer al lector” de una experiencia que en el fondo no es posible verbalizar. Por el contrario, uno de los grandes logros de Stxaj no’ anima / Oración salvaje es hacer de la poesía un antídoto en contra de los radicalismos religiosos de ciertas iglesias y ante la ignorancia de quienes repiten estereotipos sobre el chamanismo y comentan irresponsablemente sobre las espiritualidades indígenas, acaso por el miedo a ser llamados “salvajes”.
Reconfiguración territorial y estrategias de reproducción social en el periurbano poblano
Authors: Hernández Flores José Álvaro , Martínez Corona Beatriz , Méndez Espinoza José Arturo
Published: September 2015

Mediante el análisis de las estrategias de reproducción desplegadas por los grupos domésticos periurbanosde San Diego Cuachayotla (Puebla, México), el artículo examina las diversas modalidades bajo las cualesse recrea lo social en espacios rurales sometidos a tensiones ocasionadas por la interacción con procesos yactores de otros ámbitos. Asimismo se analiza el papel que desempeñan las prácticas agrícolas como partede estas estrategias. Entre los resultados del estudio de caso destaca la descripción de la forma como ocurreel proceso de periurbanización en territorios con un fuerte componente rural, que da lugar a la formulaciónde estrategias de reproducción específicas, derivadas del empalme o superposición de lo urbano, conexpresiones determinadas, muy concretas, de lo rural.
Diseño participativo de espacios urbanos bioclimáticos. Experiencia en Mendoza (Argentina)
Authors: Martinez Claudia Fernanda , Correa Cantaloube Érica Norma
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo reconoce los beneficios de las técnicas participativas de diseño parala producción social y sustentable del hábitat, al equilibrar soluciones bioclimáticas conlos intereses de los beneficiarios. Como metodología, se aplicaron talleres comunitariosorientados tradicionalmente solo a la vivienda, para el diseño participativo de espaciosurbanos conexos y sus redes en un conjunto habitacional de la provincia de Mendoza(Argentina). El desarrollo de talleres de diseño participativo pone de manifiesto la importanciade transferir a la comunidad beneficiaria de planes de vivienda de interés social losconceptos de la arquitectura bioclimática y sus implicaciones en la calidad de vida de laspersonas, el ahorro energético y la sustentabilidad ambiental. Los resultados indican quees posible conciliar el diseño de espacios urbanos eficientes energética y ambientalmentecon cero sobrecosto y que, al mismo tiempo satisfagan las expectativas de los usuarios.