bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleeping Beauty transposon system for GDNF overexpression of entrapped stem cells in fibrin hydrogel in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Stahn Laura , Rasińska Justyna , Dehne Tilo , Schreyer Stefanie , Hakus Aileen , Gossen Manfred , Steiner Barbara , Hemmati-Sadeghi Shabnam
Published: February 2023

There is currently no causal treatment available for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the use of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to provide regenerative effects for neurons is promising. Such approaches require translational delivery systems that are functional in diseased tissue. To do so, we used a non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system to overexpress GDNF in adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs). Entrapment of cells in fibrin hydrogel was used to boost potential neurorestorative effects. Functional GDNF-adMSCs were able to secrete 1066.8 ± 169.4 ng GDNF/120,000 cells in vitro. The GDNF-adMSCs were detectable for up to 1 month after transplantation in a mild 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemiparkinson male rat model. Entrapment of GDNF-adMSCs enabled GDNF secretion in surrounding tissue in a more concentrated manner, also tending to prolong GDNF secretion relatively. GDNF-adMSCs entrapped in hydrogel also led to positive immunomodulatory effects via an 83% reduction of regional IL-1β levels compared to the non-entrapped GDNF-adMSC group after 1 month. Furthermore, GDNF-adMSC-treated groups showed higher recovery of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing cells, indicating a neuroprotective function, although this was not strong enough to show significant improvement in motor performance. Our findings establish a promising GDNF treatment system in a PD model. Entrapment of GDNF-adMSCs mediated positive immunomodulatory effects. Although the durability of the hydrogel needs to be extended to unlock its full potential for motor improvements, the neuroprotective effects of GDNF were evident and safe. Further motor behavioral tests and other disease models are necessary to evaluate this treatment option adequately.

Graphical Abstract
Potential impacts of Ascophyllum nodosum, Arthrospira platensis extracts and calcium phosphite as therapeutic nutrients for enhancing immune response in pepper plant against Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Attia Mohamed S. , Elsayed Salah M. , Abdelaziz Amer M. , Ali Mohamed M.
Published: February 2023

The search for active inducers against diseases in the formula of therapeutic nutrients has become a necessity for many researchers. The study’s chief purpose was to make agronomic farming simpler by applying newly created therapeutic nutrients. The novelty of this research is the applied of algal extracts in adding to minerals as therapeutic nutrion. Calcium (Maxifos Ca), Ascophyllum nodosum (Greencal), and Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis), were tested for induction pepper plant resistance against Fusarium wilt. The disease index (DI), morphological growth, photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total phenol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes as reactions to the induction of protection in challenged tested plants were measured. Results revealed that the use of entirely different treatments significantly minimized the danger of Fusarium wilt. Treatment of infected plants with Maxifos Ca was the best treatment, as it reduced the DI to 25% and thus reduced symptoms and improved the percentage of plant protection from the disease by 69.6%. Surprisingly, it was widely assumed that Greencal was the greatest treatment for restoring vegetative growth, followed by Maxifos Ca and an algal extract, A. platensis. The application of Greencal, followed by Maxifos Ca, and then A. platensis significantly increased the expression of all metabolic resistance indices (phenols, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase). The best treatments for reducing the signs of stress represented in (MDA and H2O2) were Maxifos Ca and then Greencal. According to the findings the use of Maxifos Ca, Greencal, and A. platensis as alternate therapeutic nutrients of eco-destructive chemically synthesized fungicides appears to be a significant methodology for reducing the harmful effects of Fusarium wilt on pepper plants.
A Qualitative Microanalysis of the Immediate Behavioural Effects of Mindfulness Practices on Students’ Self-Regulation and Attention
Authors: Ojell Heta , Palohuhta Maria , Ferreira Juliene Madureira
Published: February 2023

The study examined the immediate effects of mindfulness practices on students’ attention and self-regulation during mathematical problem-solving tasks. Participants were 15 4th-grade Finnish students and their teacher. Data were collected during six study sessions of mathematical problem-solving, with and without mindfulness practices. The sessions were video-recorded, and children responded to the Freiburg mindfulness inventory and the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised. A qualitative video micro-analysis focused on coding the observable behaviours related to attention and self-regulation. Self-report instruments were scored and tabulated for comparison. The findings indicate microbehavioural changes indicating positive effects of mindfulness practices on students’ self-regulation, with higher signs of engagement and lower signs of disengagement after mindfulness practices. This study enlightens the use of mindfulness practices in school routines and discusses the impacts of these practices while evidencing that future research on the topic is needed.
Conducting Fieldwork with San and Hadza (Post-)Hunter-Gatherer Communities in Africa: Regulatory and Ethical Issues
Authors: Abels Monika , Ninkova Velina
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we address some of the challenges and opportunities of conducting international research in psychology. We examine issues that arise from working in contexts that differ substantially from those in which most psychological research is still conducted. We take our experiences with Tanzanian and Namibian (post-)hunter-gatherers as a starting point for discussing regulatory and ethical issues. We have experienced a highly structured and regulated approach to research in Tanzania and a much less regulated situation in Namibia. We compare both and discuss conflicts that arise from differing demands of national regulations (or lack thereof) and funders or home institutions in the Global North. We focus on the special point of establishing informed consent. While the people we have worked with are not only often illiterate, they also have a very different background of experiences, which means that the translation of consent procedures is not sufficient, and other considerations need to come into play. We discuss cultural characteristics of hunter-gatherer groups, particularly norms related to individual autonomy, that convince us that our participants have the ability to consent nevertheless and compare this with the situation in other groups that we have worked with (for example, Indian farmers). However, we also reflect on ethical choices that become relevant in a digitalized world, particularly when working with children. We argue that an understanding of cultural models and norms is necessary to design and conduct meaningful psychological research and enable us to interpret findings correctly. We suggest to include communities that researchers work with into the research process wherever possible, to aim for long-term commitment and to cultivate an ethical stance regarding research, already in students that become involved in research projects.
Enhanced Bacteriostatic Properties of Ti Alloys by Surface Nitriding
Authors: Fu Le , Rajaseka Karthik , Katsaros Ioannis , Liu Yihong , Wang Helen , Engqvist Håkan , Xia Wei
Published: February 2023

Surface nitriding has been widely used to improve the surface physicochemical properties of Ti alloys. However, the currently utilized surface nitriding methods, such as laser nitriding, typically require expensive and complicated instruments, which makes surface nitriding a less cost-effective process. Meanwhile, the antibacterial properties of surface-nitrided Ti alloy implants have not been evaluated. Thereafter, in this study, we were aiming to develop an effective, simple, and cost-effective surface nitriding strategy to enhance the antimicrobial properties of Ti alloy implants. The surface nitriding strategy was realized by wet-chemical etching and thermal treatment at controlled conditions. Results showed that the above surface modification treatments exerted significant effects on the phase composition and morphology of the newly formed phases on the surface of Ti samples. Crystalline TiN and TiO2 formed after treatments. Meanwhile, amorphous nitrides and oxynitride were also presented on the sample surfaces. The surface-modified Ti samples showed a bacterial inhibition effect compared with the non-treated Ti ones, and the bacterial inhibition effect was attributed to the released ammonia species from the surface of Ti samples. The surface modification strategy shows promise to improve the bacteriostatic property of Ti implants in dental and orthopedic fields.
Alehouses and Good Fellowship in Early Modern England
Authors: Hailwood Mark
Published: February 2023

Representing a history of drinking 'from below', this book explores the role of the alehouse in seventeenth-century English society.
Literary Exiles from Nazi Germany
Authors: Evelein Johannes
Published: February 2023

Captures the learning process of Nazi-era literary exiles following in the footsteps of legendary literary exemplars of exile.
Essays on the Literary Baroque in Spain and Spanish America
Authors: Beverley John
Published: February 2023

The continuing importance of the Baroque in Spanish and Latin American culture.
Metabolic and behavioural effects of hermit crab shell removal techniques: Is heating less invasive than cracking?
Authors: Burciaga Luis M , Alcaraz Guillermina
Published: February 2023

Hermit crabs (Paguroidea; Latreille 1802) offer great opportunities to study animal behaviour and physiology. However, the animals’ size and sex cannot be determined when they are inside their shell; information crucial to many experimental designs. Here, we tested the effects of the two most common procedures used to make crabs leave their shells: heating the shell apex and cracking the shell with a bench press. We compared the effects of each of the two procedures on the metabolic rate, hiding time, and duration of the recovery time relative to unmanipulated hermit crabs. The hermit crabs forced to abandon their shell through heating increased their respiratory rate shortly after the manipulation (1 h) and recovered their metabolic rate in less than 24 h, as occurs in individuals suddenly exposed to high temperatures in the upper-intertidal zone. Hermit crabs removed from their shells via cracking spent more time hiding in their new shells; this effect was evident immediately after the manipulation and lasted more than 24 h, similar to responses exhibited after a life-threatening predator attack. Both methods are expected to be stressful, harmful, or fear-inducing; however, the temperature required to force the crabs to abandon the shell is below the critical thermal maxima of most inhabitants of tropical tide pools. The wide thermal windows of intertidal crustaceans and the shorter duration of consequences of shell heating compared to cracking suggest heating to be a less harmful procedure for removing tropical hermit crabs from their shells.
Reason in Kant’s Theory of Cognition
Authors: Hamid Nabeel
Published: February 2023

This paper reconstructs and defends Kant’s argument for the transcendental status of reason’s principles of the systematic unity of nature in the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic. On the present account, these principles neither contain mere methodological recommendations for conducting scientific inquiry nor do they have the normative force of categorical imperatives—two extant interpretations of Kant’s discussion of reason in the Appendix. Instead, they are regulative yet transcendental principles restricted to theoretical cognition. The principles of the systematic unity of nature count as transcendental in virtue of their role as conditions of the inferential articulation of empirical concepts.
Arms for influence? The limits of Great Power leverage
Authors: Spindel Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Scholars and policymakers agree that major powers have leverage over their more junior partners. Giving security assistance or providing arms is supposed to increase this leverage. However, major powers often hit roadblocks when trying to influence the behaviour of their junior partners. This article demonstrates that junior partners are often successful in constraining the behaviour of the major power partners, and have particular success in extracting additional resources from their major partners. This article develops the concept of loyalty coercion to explain that leverage is based on rhetorical and symbolic moves, rather than material preponderance. It then uses cases of US arms sales to show that weapons transfers did not lead to US leverage, instead opened opportunities for junior partner influence. The article contributes to scholarly and policy perspectives on alliance management and reputation, and leverage in world politics.
Estimating the Value of Gender- and Race-Specific Job Injury Risk
Authors: Mridha Hosne A. , Khan Farida C.
Published: February 2023

The compensating wage differential (CWD) for nonfatal injury and value of statistical life or injury in occupations have rarely been analysed separately by gender or race. This paper uses individual-level data from the 2012–2015 March Current Population Survey to estimate the CWD as well as the value of statistical injury (VOI) by race and gender. We find male workers command a positive risk premium, and this is higher when they are unionised. We also find a positive risk premium for White unionised workers and a slightly lower risk premium for White males. Like other investigators, we find that nonfatal risk is heterogenous, and its compensation is difficult to estimate using a standard wage equation, even with some smaller subsamples from our dataset that are gender- or race-specific. Our estimates of the VOI show us that male workers who are unionised have the highest VOI, followed by Hispanic union workers, and Black females. This last finding follows from Black females working in jobs that have the highest risk rates compared to White and Hispanic females.
Outer scaling of the mean momentum equation for turbulent boundary layers under adverse pressure gradient
Authors: Wei Tie , Knopp Tobias
Published: February 2023

A new scaling of the mean momentum equation is developed for the outer region of turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) under adverse pressure gradient (APG). The maximum Reynolds shear stress location, denoted as

$y_{m}$

, is employed to determine the proper scales for the outer region of an APG TBL. An outer length scale is proposed as

$\delta _e - y_{m}$

, where

$\delta _e$

is the boundary layer thickness. An outer velocity scale for the mean streamwise velocity deficit is proposed as

$U_e - U_{m}$

, where

$U_e$

and

$U_m$

are the mean streamwise velocities at the boundary layer edge and

$y_{m}$

, respectively. An outer velocity scale for the mean wall-normal velocity deficit is proposed as

$V_e - V_{m}$

, where

$V_e$

and

$V_{m}$

are the wall-normal velocities at

$\delta _e$

and

$y_{m}$

, respectively. The maximum Reynolds shear stress is found to scale as

$(\delta _e - y_{m}) U_e \,{\rm d}U_e/{{\rm d}x}$

. The new outer scaling collapses well the experimental and numerical data on APG TBLs over a wide range of Reynolds numbers and strengths of pressure gradient. Approximations of the new scaling are developed for TBLs under strong APG and at high Reynolds numbers. The relationships between the new scales and previously proposed scales are discussed.
The Association between Early Menarche and Small for Gestational Age Birth
Authors: Post Abigail , Veri Shelby , Moore Danielle , Poole Morgan , Kreider Hannah , Brunner Huber Larissa
Published: February 2023

In the U.S., approximately 11% of infants are born small for gestational age (SGA). While there are many known behavioral risk factors for SGA births, there are still many factors yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the maternal early menarche (< 12 years old)- SGA birth association. Data were retrieved from the 2011-2017 National Survey of Family Growth, and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association. Approximately 4% of mothers reported having an SGA infant and 24% of mothers reported early age at menarche. After controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and annual household income, early menarche was associated with 3% increased odds of SGA, although this finding was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.53). Additional research is needed on the long-term birth outcomes and health consequences of early menarche.
Speculation with Information Disclosure
Authors: Pasquariello Paolo , Wang Yifei
Published: February 2023

Sophisticated investors frequently choose to publicly disclose private information, a phenomenon inconsistent with most theories of speculation. We propose and test a model to bridge this gap. We show that when a speculator cares about both short-term portfolio value and long-term profit, a disclosure mixing asset fundamentals and her holdings is optimal by inducing competitive dealership to revise prices toward those holdings while alleviating adverse selection. We find that when mutual fund managers have stronger short-term incentives, the frequency of strategic non-anonymous disclosures about their stocks by market-worthy newspaper articles increases and those stocks’ liquidity improves, consistent with our model.
Design of a novel hybrid cable-constrained parallel leg mechanism for biped walking machines
Authors: Demirel Murat , Kiper Gökhan , Carbone Giuseppe , Ceccarelli Marco
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a novel cable-constrained parallel mechanism is presented as a lightweight, low-cost leg mechanism design for walking machines to be used on flat surfaces. The proposed leg mechanism has three translational degrees of freedom. It is based on two specific hybrid kinematic topologies being herewith proposed. The paper reports the kinematic analysis formulation and a position performance evaluation to confirm the main characteristics of the proposed solutions. A 3D CAD model and simulations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design for performing a human-like gait trajectory. A prototype has been built, and preliminarily tests have been conducted to confirm the motion capabilities of the proposed mechanism design. Then a second, enhanced prototype has been designed and built. An experimental validation is carried out for tracking a planar walking trajectory with the built prototypes by using a real-time PCI controller. Results are presented to validate the operation characteristics of the proposed mechanism and to prove its feasibility for legged walking machines.
The Making of Modern US Citizenship and Alienage: The History of Asian Immigration, Racial Capital, and US Law
Authors: Dhillon Hardeep
Published: February 2023

This article unravels an important historical conjuncture in the making of modern US citizenship and alienage by drawing on the state's regulation of naturalization as it relates to Asian immigration in the early twentieth century. My primary concern is to examine the socio-legal formations that constructed the thick distinctions between the modern US citizen and alien along the lines of racial difference and racial capital. Specifically, this article argues that Asian immigration to the United States remade the modern US citizen and alien in two significant and interconnected ways. First, it underscores how the adjudication of race in US courts and connected political campaigns re-mapped race in the United States and sharpened the racialization of Asia and Europe in profound ways that ultimately produced immigrants from southern, central, and eastern parts of Asia as the modern US alien. Second, the debate over Asian immigrants’ eligibility to naturalize refashioned legal status as a normative avenue to sustain a regime of racial capital. It cast citizenship as a legal avenue for White men and families to acquire and protect a proprietary interest in citizenship and recast some Asian immigrants as permanent aliens in a period when alienage came to signify disposable immigrant labor. The article concludes by distinguishing how the struggle for US citizenship by Asian immigrants frames the epistemological parameters and political vocabulary of immigration and naturalization reform.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Estimation: A Large Scale Training Data Set and Community Benchmarking
Authors: Gurung Iksha , Ramasubhramanian Muthukumaran , Freitag Brian , Kaulfus Aaron , Maskey Manil , Ramachandran Rahul , Alemohammad Hamed
Published: February 2023

Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause significant disruptions to infrastructure and livelihood. The scale of loss due to TCs may be mitigated by prompt and accurate advisories about TC wind speed. Current advisories are consensus based and have a time delay of about 6 hr between each new update. As part of efforts to increase the frequency of wind speed estimations without compromising on the accuracy, we curate a high‐quality hurricane image and wind speed data set and develop a machine learning (ML) model for frequent wind speed estimation. The image and wind speed pairings are consolidated from different sources. The wind speeds are interpolated hourly to curate the TC wind speed estimation data set. The data set is supplemented with metadata that eases adoption of the data set by the ML community. We have also designed a competition to garner interest and encourage community involvement to build state‐of‐the‐art ML models to estimate wind speeds from satellite images of TCs. The competition winners were able to improve the wind speed estimation by almost 50% over the benchmark model.
Global Ionospheric TEC Forecasting for Geomagnetic Storm Time Using a Deep Learning‐Based Multi‐Model Ensemble Method
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Yang Pengxin , Mei Dengkui , Liu Hang , Xu Guozhen , Dong Yue
Published: February 2023

In recent years, deep learning has been extensively used for ionospheric total electron content (TEC) prediction, and many models can yield promising prediction results, particularly under quiet conditions. Owing to the ionosphere's intricate and dramatic changes during geomagnetic storms, the high‐reliable prediction of the storm‐time ionospheric TEC remains a challenging problem. In this study, we developed a new deep learning‐based multi‐model ensemble method (DLMEM) to forecast geomagnetic storm‐time ionospheric TEC that combines the Random Forest (RF) model, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, and the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network with the attention mechanism. Seven features in 170 geomagnetic storm events, including the three components Bx, By and Bz of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the Kp and Dst indices of geomagnetic activity data, the F10.7 index of solar activity data and global TEC data, were used for modeling. The test set results showed that the DLMEM model can reduce the root mean square errors (RMSE) by an average of 43.6% in comparison to our previously presented model Ion‐LSTM, especially during the recovery period of geomagnetic storms. Furthermore, compared to Ion‐LSTM, the RMSE values of the low‐, middle‐ and high‐latitude single‐station forecast TEC can be greatly decreased by 33%, 53% and 59%, respectively. It was shown that the new model allows for more precise short‐term global ionospheric forecasting during geomagnetic storms, enabling real‐time monitoring of ionospheric changes.
A Study on the Influence of Submergence Ratio on the Transport of Suspended Sediment in a Partially Vegetated Channel Flow
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Mi Shuo , Avital Eldad , Li Na , Chen Yuejun , Williams John
Published: February 2023

Riparian or aquatic vegetation thrives with seasons. The understanding of canopies' Submergence‐Ratio (SR = stem height/water depth) influence on suspended sediment transport is still limited. Thus, Large Eddy Simulations coupled with the Discrete Phase Method are used to investigate the particles' three‐dimensional distribution in a partially vegetated straight channel. The spanwise distribution of particles are quantified by the probability density function (PDF), showing a non‐uniformity of particles in time as quantified by the PDF variance. We found that (a) with SR rising, the particles' depletion effects exerted by the vegetation‐side mixing layer is improved along the interface between vegetated and vegetation‐side bare channel region. However, the SR has little effect on the variance of the particles' PDF in the spanwise direction when the mixing layer is fully developed. (b) During the developing stage of the over‐canopy mixing layer, submerged vegetation with higher SR gains a stronger upwards (vertical) entrainment capability. The case (SR = 60%) has a higher sediment concentration than other cases in the fully developed vertical mixing layer region over canopy. (c) The vertical suspension of particles in the vegetation‐side bare channel region is analyzed. Particles migrating from the vegetated region are entrained into the vegetation‐side bare channel region by turbulent structures. Nevertheless, the vertical concentration profile is more uniform in the vegetated region than in the vegetation‐side bare channel at the same streamwise location. The cases SR = 40% and 60% still have higher sediment concentration than other cases in the vegetation‐side bare channel's upper region.
CLIC and membrane wound repair pathways enable pandemic norovirus entry and infection
Authors: Ayyar B. Vijayalakshmi , Ettayebi Khalil , Salmen Wilhelm , Karandikar Umesh C. , Neill Frederick H. , Tenge Victoria R. , Crawford Sue E. , Bieberich Erhard , Prasad B. V. Venkataram , Atmar Robert L. , Estes Mary K.
Published: February 2023

Globally, most cases of gastroenteritis are caused by pandemic GII.4 human norovirus (HuNoV) strains with no approved therapies or vaccines available. The cellular pathways that these strains exploit for cell entry and internalization are unknown. Here, using nontransformed human jejunal enteroids (HIEs) that recapitulate the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, we show that infectious GII.4 virions and virus-like particles are endocytosed using a unique combination of endosomal acidification-dependent clathrin-independent carriers (CLIC), acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-mediated lysosomal exocytosis, and membrane wound repair pathways. We found that besides the known interaction of the viral capsid Protruding (P) domain with host glycans, the Shell (S) domain interacts with both galectin-3 (gal-3) and apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX), to orchestrate GII.4 cell entry. Recognition of the viral and cellular determinants regulating HuNoV entry provides insight into the infection process of a non-enveloped virus highlighting unique pathways and targets for developing effective therapeutics.
Effect of different plant communities on NO2 in an urban road greenbelt in Nanjing, China
Authors: Dai Anqi , Liu Congzhe , Ji Yaou , Sheng Qianqian , Zhu Zunling
Published: February 2023

As an important part of urban ecosystems, plants can reduce NO2 concentrations in the air. However, there is little evidence of the effects of different plant communities on NO2 concentrations in street-scale green spaces. We used a multifunctional lifting environmental detector to investigate the impact of environmental factors and small plant communities on NO2 concentrations in street green spaces during the summer and winter in Nanjing, China. The results showed that temperature, atmospheric pressure, and noise were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with seasonal changes, temperature and humidity significantly (P < 0.01) influenced NO2 concentrations in winter and summer, and the average NO2 concentration in summer was generally higher than in winter. By comparing NO2 concentrations in different plant community structures and their internal spaces, we found that the plant community structure with tree-shrub-grass was more effective in reducing pollution. These findings will help predict the impact of plant communities on NO2 concentrations in urban streets and help city managers and planners effectively reduce NO2 pollution.
Beyond the limits of the unassigned protist microbiome: inferring large-scale spatio-temporal patterns of Syndiniales marine parasites
Authors: Rizos Iris , Debeljak Pavla , Finet Thomas , Klein Dylan , Ayata Sakina-Dorothée , Not Fabrice , Bittner Lucie
Published: February 2023

Marine protists are major components of the oceanic microbiome that remain largely unrepresented in culture collections and genomic reference databases. The exploration of this uncharted protist diversity in oceanic communities relies essentially on studying genetic markers from the environment as taxonomic barcodes. Here we report that across 6 large scale spatio-temporal planktonic surveys, half of the genetic barcodes remain taxonomically unassigned at the genus level, preventing a fine ecological understanding for numerous protist lineages. Among them, parasitic Syndiniales (Dinoflagellata) appear as the least described protist group. We have developed a computational workflow, integrating diverse 18S rDNA gene metabarcoding datasets, in order to infer large-scale ecological patterns at 100% similarity of the genetic marker, overcoming the limitation of taxonomic assignment. From a spatial perspective, we identified 2171 unassigned clusters, i.e., Syndiniales sequences with 100% similarity, exclusively shared between the Tropical/Subtropical Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea among all Syndiniales orders and 25 ubiquitous clusters shared within all the studied marine regions. From a temporal perspective, over 3 time-series, we highlighted 39 unassigned clusters that follow rhythmic patterns of recurrence and are the best indicators of parasite community’s variation. These clusters withhold potential as ecosystem change indicators, mirroring their associated host community responses. Our results underline the importance of Syndiniales in structuring planktonic communities through space and time, raising questions regarding host-parasite association specificity and the trophic mode of persistent Syndiniales, while providing an innovative framework for prioritizing unassigned protist taxa for further description.
Challenges and recent advances in bio-based isocyanate production
Authors: Niesiobędzka Joanna , Datta Janusz
Published: February 2023

The manuscript presents the latest data on the market of isocyanates, methods for producing their eco-friendly substitutes and the toxicity of the phosgene used in isocyanate production.
Ionic skin: from imitating natural skin to beyond
Authors: Chen Zhiwu , Wang Yapei
Published: February 2023

The last decade has witnessed the birth and development of ionic skin. This article systematically reviews the research progress of ionic skin from the perspective of function.
Principles of isomer stability in small clusters
Authors: Fisicaro Giuseppe , Schaefer Bastian , Finkler Jonas A. , Goedecker Stefan
Published: February 2023

We unveil the principles of isomer stability in small clusters. Our conclusions are based on a extensive statistical analysis of various structural and electronic descriptors on a huge database of isomers generated by ab-initio structure predictions.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate decorated cryogels as synthetic spatially structured habitats of marine bacterial communities
Authors: Behrendt Florian , Deng Yun , Pretzel David , Stumpf Steffi , Fritz Nicole , Gottschaldt Michael , Pohnert Georg , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: February 2023

DMSP functionalized cryogels enable the settlement of marine bacterial communities (Marinobacter CS1 and Mameliella CS4). The slow release of DMSP by hydrolytical ester bond cleavage allows further metabolism by the bacteria.
Chemical energy assisted self-assembling of a porphyrin-substituted benzoic acid in complex environments
Authors: Ma Bingxu , Pang Bowen , Zeng Wang , Fu Huimin , Jiang Yi , Yao Shenglin , Yang Yida , Zhu Kaisheng , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2023

We succeeded in utilizing chemical energy to drive a self-assembling process in a controlled manner, featuring not only the ability to be performed under mild, solvent-free conditions but also high spatial accuracy and selectivity.
One-dimensional III-nitrides: towards ultrahigh efficiency, ultrahigh stability artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Dong Wan Jae , Mi Zetian
Published: February 2023

This review describes the recent developments of one-dimensional III-nitride semiconductors and the design strategies for efficient and stable artificial photosynthesis of water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction.
Research progress and perspectives on ultra-low temperature organic batteries
Authors: Hong Yinhua , Ma Zhuang , Li Kexin , Li Junyan , Tang Shiyue , Xu Zheng , Yu Dandan , Chen Da , Qin Laishun , Xie Jian , He Qinggang
Published: February 2023

Development and application of electrolyte and electrode materials for aqueous and non-aqueous ultra-low temperature organic batteries.
A pH-value sensitive and self-powered photodetector based on an anthocyanin/graphene heterojunction
Authors: Yang Chung Han , Lu Ming Che , Lin Hsia Yu , Lu Guan Zhang , Chen Yang Fang
Published: February 2023

An anthocyanin-graphene hybrid heterojunction has been designed as a highly pH-value sensitive and self-powered photodetector.
Enhanced desalination performance in flow electrode capacitive deionization with nitrogen doped porous carbon
Authors: Xie Bo , Liu Qilin , Hu Chunqiong , Li Hongmei , Tan Guangqun , Xiao Dan
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) was synthesized by a simple one-step pyrolysis. The NPC showed high specific surface area and excellent hydrophilicity and electrical conductivity, while the NPC FCDI system showed a salt adsorption capacity of 148.93 mg g−1.
Energy-dense wire-like supercapacitors based on scalable three-dimensional porous metal-graphene oxide skeleton electrodes
Authors: Zhou Ruitao , Lam Kwok Ho
Published: February 2023

Macroporous electrodes with multi-scaled nanostructures are simply synthesized by sequentially immersing a wire in different plating solutions through the mechanism of structural catalysis and nano-‘reinforced concrete’.
2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone passivating perovskite films using multiple functional groups towards high-performance solar cells
Authors: Wu Yuxin , Lu Chenrui , Gao Fei , Li Yuanrui , Shi Bonan , Cai Xuediao , Yang Fei , Zhang Junqi , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: February 2023

2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone (ACB) with multiple functional groups is adopted to passivate surface defects of perovskite films for achieving efficient and stable PSCs.
Maintaining the state cadaster of the territories on the base of remote sensing materials
Authors: Allanazarov Olim , Khikmatullaev Sanjar , Islomov Utkir
Published: February 2023

In the past, remote sensing was limited to the use of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, the part of the spectrum that is invisible to the human eye can now be used with the help of spectral filters, photo films and other types of sensors. Also, the view of the earth was applied to practice and to solve life problems, for example, we can cite air reconnaissance during World War II. Aerial photographs provided the opportunity to observe the location of the enemy's army quickly and more safely than observation from the ground. Aerial photographs allowed military maps and information about strategic locations to be updated quickly and with relative accuracy. Remote sensing is carried out from the air by airplanes and with the help of satellites. Digital cameras, scanners, video images, radar and thermal sensors are also used in remote sensing. Remote sensing is a field that requires fast, accurate and new data collection and is widely used in environmental management. This article presents the stages of creating topographical bases for maintaining state cadastres in the Tashkent region, taking space photos, taking aerial photos, performing geospatial linking, vectoring, and creating electronic digital maps. At the same time, scientific research such as filling the attributes of electronic digital cards and comparative analysis of space photo download sources has been reflected.
Designing the new functional cloth for patients and development of its technological indicators
Authors: Shirinova Mamura , Nigmatova Fatima , Daminov Asror , Tashkenbayeva Taxmina , Rahimov Saidabbos
Published: February 2023

The article covers the research results on designing and producing bedsheet cloth that has high air permeability, which helps to prevent bedsores from appearing on the body of patients lied in bed for a long time, which creates conditions for blood circulation in the patient's body and reduction of long-term high pressure in the part of the skin touching the bedsheet. As a result of the research, using multi-layer complex and single-layer main twisting, a striped cloth with sharply different thicknesses on the surface of the cloth has been developed. In the design of the cloth, 50 tack cotton yarn has been used as the warp, and 25x3 tack modal and cotton yarns has been used as the weft. The thin part of the cloth produced based on the research was 0.7-0.8 mm, and the thick part was 3-4 mm.
Using LED lamps in cultivation of mulberry nurseries
Authors: Nosirova Zarifa , Mirzayeva Dildora
Published: February 2023

The analysis of results carried out on revealing the efficiency of using in night LED lamps three, namely red, blue and white colors for increasing growth and development of mulberry nurseries in the greenhouse conditions has been presented. It has been shown that using LED strips improves growth and development of nurseries on in height, leaves quantity and width of nurseries. Moreover, the development degree of nurseries differs on the control variant weakly in case of red lighting one at the same time in the blue and white lighting variants it is essential. The maximal growth of nurseries on height in comparison of control variant in case of white lighting was to 25.0 %, and the minimal one corresponds to case of red lighting, 1.9 %. The average growths of nurseries for a season was 3.3, 13.2 and 15.5 % in cases of red, blue and white lightings, correspondingly. The relative growths of nurseries on the height for a season compared beginning of the experiences were 133.3, 140.0, 163.3 and 170.0 % in cases of control and also led, blue and white lighting variants, accordingly. The most quantity of leaves in case of white lighting variant was 44.4 % more than control one and the least quantity corresponds to the red lighting variant, 8.8 %. The average values of this quantity for a season were 5.7, 21.9 and 24.3 % for red, blue and white lighting variants, correspondingly.
The characteristics of actinomyces strptomyces griseorubiginosus 83 – the effective biosorbent of silver
Authors: Bekmukhamedova Nigora , Khamidova Khurshida
Published: February 2023

The bacteria bound about the same amount of silver at the time of inoculation and when added after 24 hours Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and measurements of the ζ- potential showed that several groups, mainly carboxy groups are involved in the binding and biotransformation of silver cations. Also, volatile organic compounds profiling for L. lactis, demonstrated the presence of many compounds in the free space of bacteria, which were typical products of bacterial metabolism. Finally, it can be stated that the combination of various instrumental methods used has opened up new possibilities for the interpretation of physicochemical phenomena occurring at the interface between bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-metals- bacteria. The ability of the biomass of cultures of various taxonomic groups to sorb metals is used both for purification of wastewater from metals and in the additional separation of valuable and environmentally significant metals from various wastes. In this work 48 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from various samples of desert soils of Uzbekistan under agricultural crops. As a result of screening, a strain of Streptomyces sp. 83, efficiently absorbs silver from solutions. The morphological-cultural and physiological-biochemical characteristics of the selected
Investigation of the effect of probiotic strains on the productivity of laying hens
Authors: Tresnitskiy Sergey , Tresnitskiy Anatoliy , Rudenko Andrei , Zelenkova Galina , Zelenkov Alexey , Medvedev Andrey , Rudenko Pavel
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to study the effect of diets using the potentially probiotic drug Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54 as part of compound feed (the rate of administration is 0.1% of the total diet, the content of viable spores in the final product is 106CFU/g) in the diets of laying hens of the Dekalb cross. In the course of the study, it was established that the viability indicators of laying hens were at a high level and the safety of livestock in the studied groups during the period of the experiment was 100%; egg production in the experimental group was 96.7%, which is 2.3% more than in the control group of laying hens; chickens in the experimental group exceeded the control in growth intensity, which affected an increase in live weight by 12.5%, or 188.5 grams, which is 1.7 percentage points or 25.2 grams more than in the control group; feed costs for 10 eggs and 1 kg of egg mass in the experimental group were 1.43 and 2.36 kg, respectively, which is 11.7 and 14.5% lower than the control values. In this regard, we recommend using the probiotic preparation Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54 in the diets of laying hens, introduced into the compound feed in the amount of 0.1% of the total diet with the content of viable spores in the final product 106CFU/g.
Seasonal dynamics of the total lipid content in the body of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in 2017-2020
Authors: Voykina Anna , Bugaev Leonid , Tsybulskaya Marina , Nebesikhina Natalya , Kirichenko Olga , Zykina Victoria
Published: February 2023

The analysis of lipid content in the body of the anchovyEngraulis encrasicolusat all stages of its life cycle has been conducted for 2017–2020. This article presents the comparison of the obtained data with the reference range of lipid content, calculated using the results of long-term investigations. It has been found that the differences in the content of constructive and energy-bearing substances in the anchovy body are age-related: the lipid content in fingerlings is lower than in the older individuals. Following the investigation of inter-seasonal variations of lipid content in the anchovy body, it has been established that the lowest lipid content is typical for April–May, and the highest values are observed in October. Analysis of inter-annual dynamics of lipid content in the anchovy body at the end of feeding season has shown that, within recent 10 years, there exists a trend for its gradual decrease, which results from the increasing pressure of adverse environmental factors exerted on the anchovy population.
System for detecting of potentially dangerous communications of network users
Authors: Zelensky Alexander , Cherkesova Larisa , Revyakina Elena , Boldyrikhin Nikolay , Klimova Elena , Yengibaryan Irina
Published: February 2023

This work is devoted to the processes of organizing internal information security at the enterprise. The scheme of a software tool for monitoring employee communication and detecting malicious messages using artificial neural network analysis and full-text dictionary search is proposed. A software package designed according to the described scheme has been developed. The scheme of interaction of the program components is considered: a keylogger, a keyboard input analyzer, a user interface, a server coordinating interaction. The schemes of interaction with the analyzer by means of the WebSocket protocol were shown. The interaction of the neural network and the dictionary helped to increase the percentage of accuracy of detecting a dangerous or suspicious message, for example, when the neural network does not consider the text dangerous, and the dictionary considers the opposite, then such text is considered dangerous and is shown to the administrator. Thus, the combination of neural network analysis and dictionary analysis makes it possible to detect more suspicious messages. The work of the software product and its advantages in comparison with other similar systems are demonstrated.
Economic risks in the activity of agro-industrial complex enterprises in conditions of import substitution
Authors: Zemlyakova Natalia
Published: February 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the study of economic risks in the activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex in the context of import substitution. The purpose of the scientific research is to identify critical risks in the activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex in the context of import substitution and to substantiate possible measures to level them. When preparing a scientific publication, general scientific (observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, the method of logical reasoning) and specific scientific methods (static analysis, peer review, graphical method, Foresight's "4 worlds" method) were used. Results: the critical risks for the normal functioning of agro-industrial enterprises are: 1) the occurrence of a shortage of seed material; 2) raw material dependence of manufacturers of plant protection products against pests; 3) the critical dependence of the Russian agro-industrial complex on the import of feed additives and vaccines aimed at realizing the genetic potential of animal breeds; 4) degradation of the genetic fund of biological assets bred in animal husbandry with insufficient experience in genetic modeling and domestic selection; 5) technological dependence of the digitalization of business processes in the agro-industrial complex on technology transfer and a decrease in innovative activity in agribusinesses. The main efforts to resolve the existing risks are: active support for domestic seed producers through the provision of tax incentives and other regulatory preferences; creation of a national standard for the formation and storage of data - Big GeoData, which will become the basis for the formation of the domestic market of digital agricultural technologies; creation of full-fledged domestic productions based on gaining access to technologies for the creation of plant protection products and tracking the latest developments by