bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol optical properties derived from POLDER-3/PARASOL (2005–2013) over the western Mediterranean Sea – Part 2: Spatial distribution and temporal variability
Authors: Chiapello Isabelle , Formenti Paola , Mbemba Kabuiku Lydie , Ducos Fabrice , Tanré Didier , Dulac François
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Mediterranean atmosphere is impacted by a variety of natural and anthropogenic aerosols, which exert a complex and variable pressure on the regional climate and air quality. In this study, we investigate aerosol spatial distribution and temporal evolution over the western Mediterranean Sea (west of longitude 20° E) using the full POLDER-3/PARASOL aerosol data record derived from the operational clear-sky ocean algorithm (collection 3) available from March 2005 to October 2013. This 8.5-yr satellite data set includes retrievals at 865 nm of the total, fine, and coarse mode aerosol optical depth (AOD, AODF, and AODC, respectively), Angström exponent (AE), and the spherical/non-spherical partition of the coarse-mode AOD (AODCS and AODCNS, respectively). In a previous paper (Formenti et al., 2018), these POLDER-3-derived aerosol properties have been carefully validated over the study region, based on coincident ground-based and airborne aerosol measurements. Here we analyze the spatial distribution, the seasonal cycle and interannual variability of this ensemble of products in three latitude bands (34–38° N, 38–42° N, and > 42° N) and for three sites (Ersa, Barcelona, Lampedusa) distributed on the western basin Overall the POLDER-3 AOD spatial distribution exhibits a well-known south-to-north decreasing gradient, and a seasonal cycle characterized by enhanced aerosol loads in spring and summer, both controlled by Saharan dust. POLDER-3 retrievals of AE, AODF, AODC, and fine mode fraction (AODF/AOD) highlight the influence of coarse particles in the southern part of the region, off the north African coast, and higher relative contribution of fine particles in the northern part, off the south European coast, with all year long persistent elevated loads over the Adriatic Sea. Over the rest of the western Mediterranean Sea, POLDER-3 retrievals show a more homogeneous spatial distribution of fine particles than that of coarse particles, even though climatological means of AODF highlight seasonal differences in the order of a factor 2 between the cleanest conditions occurring in the southern part of the basin in winter and those most polluted observed in its northern part in Spring. The seasonal and spatial variability of AODCNS is close to that observed for AODC, whereas POLDER-3 exhibit relatively low and weakly variable levels of coarse spherical particles (AODCS
Reduced light absorption of black carbon (BC) and its influence on
BC-boundary-layer interactions during APEC Blue
Authors: Gao Meng , Yang Yang , Liao Hong , Zhu Bin , Zhang Yuxuan , Liu Zirui , Lu Xiao , Wang Chen , Zhou Qiming , Wang Yuesi , Zhang Qiang , Carmichael Gregory R. , Hu Jianlin
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Light absorption and radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) is influenced by both BC itself and its interactions with other aerosol chemical compositions. Although the changes in BC concentrations in response to emission reduction measures have been well documented, the influence of emission reductions on the light absorption properties of BC and its influence on BC-boundary-layer interactions has been less explored. In this study, we used the online coupled WRF-Chem model to examine how emission control measures during APEC affect the mixing state/light absorption of BC, and the associated implications for BC-PBL interactions. We found that both the mass concentration of BC and the BC coating materials declined during the APEC week, which reduced the light absorption and light absorption enhancement (Eab) of BC. The reduced absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) during APEC were caused by both the declines in mass concentration of BC itself (52.0 %), and the lensing effect of BC (48.0 %). The reductions in coating materials (39.4 %) dominated the influence of lensing effect, and the reduced light absorption capability (Eab) contributed 3.2 % to the total reductions in AAOD. Reduced light absorption of BC due to emission control during APEC enhanced planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) by 8.2 m. Different responses of PM2.5 and O3 were found to the changes in light absorption of BC. Reduced light absorption of BC due to emission reductions decreased near surface PM2.5 concentrations but enhanced near surface O3 concentrations in the North China Plain. These results suggest that current measures to control SO2, NOx, etc. would be efficient to reduce the absorption enhancement of BC, and to inhibit the feedback of BC on boundary layer. Yet enhanced ground O3 might be a side effect of current emission control strategies. How to control emissions to offset this side effect of current emission control measures on O3 should be an area of further focus.
The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds
Authors: Silber Israel , Fridlind Ann M. , Verlinde Johannes , Ackerman Andrew S. , Cesana Grégory V. , Knopf Daniel A.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Supercooled clouds substantially impact polar surface
energy budgets, but large-scale models often underestimate their occurrence,
which motivates accurately establishing metrics of basic processes. An
analysis of long-term measurements at Utqiaġvik, Alaska, and McMurdo
Station, Antarctica, combines lidar-validated use of soundings to identify
supercooled cloud layers and colocated ground-based profiling radar
measurements to quantify cloud base precipitation. We find that more than
85 % (75 %) of sampled supercooled layers are precipitating over the
Arctic (Antarctic) site, with more than 75 % (50 %) precipitating
continuously to the surface. Such high frequencies can be reconciled with
substantially lesser spaceborne estimates by considering differences in
radar hydrometeor detection sensitivity. While ice precipitation into
supercooled clouds from aloft is common, we also find that the great
majority of supercooled cloud layers without ice falling into them are
themselves continuously generating precipitation. Such sustained primary ice
formation is consistent with continuous activation of immersion-mode ice-nucleating particles (INPs), suggesting that supercooled cloud formation is
a principal gateway to ice formation at temperatures greater than
∼-38 ∘C over polar regions. The prevalence of
weak precipitation fluxes is also consistent with supercooled cloud
longevity and with well-observed and widely simulated case studies. An
analysis of colocated microwave radiometer retrievals suggests that weak
precipitation fluxes can be nonetheless consequential to moisture budgets
for supercooled clouds owing to small liquid water paths. The results here
also demonstrate that the observed abundance of mixed-phase clouds can vary
substantially with instrument sensitivity and methodology. Finally, we
suggest that these ground-based precipitation rate statistics offer valuable
guidance for improving the representation of polar cloud processes in
large-scale models.
Quantifying the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to source mineralogy uncertainty
Authors: Li Longlei , Mahowald Natalie M. , Miller Ron L. , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Klose Martina , Hamilton Douglas S. , Gonçalves Ageitos Maria , Ginoux Paul , Balkanski Yves , Green Robert O. , Kalashnikova Olga , Kok Jasper F. , Obiso Vincenzo , Paynter David , Thompson David R.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The large uncertainty in the mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to
anthropogenic activity. Resolving modeled dust mineral speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with dust aerosol composition. Here, for the first time, we quantify the range in dust
DRE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to current uncertainties in the
surface soil mineralogical content using a dust mineral-resolving climate
model. We propagate observed uncertainties in soil mineral abundances from
two soil mineralogy atlases along with the optical properties of each
mineral into the DRE and compare the resultant range with other sources of
uncertainty across six climate models. The shortwave DRE responds region-specifically to the dust burden depending on the mineral speciation
and underlying shortwave surface albedo: positively when the regionally averaged annual surface albedo is larger than 0.28 and negatively
otherwise. Among all minerals examined, the shortwave TOA DRE and single
scattering albedo at the 0.44–0.63 µm band are most sensitive to the
fractional contribution of iron oxides to the total dust composition. The
global net (shortwave plus longwave) TOA DRE is estimated to be within −0.23
to +0.35 W m−2. Approximately 97 % of this range relates to
uncertainty in the soil abundance of iron oxides. Representing iron oxide with solely hematite optical properties leads to an overestimation of
shortwave DRE by +0.10 W m−2 at the TOA, as goethite is not as
absorbing as hematite in the shortwave spectrum range. Our study highlights
the importance of iron oxides to the shortwave DRE: they have a
disproportionally large impact on climate considering their small
atmospheric mineral mass fractional burden (∼2 %). An
improved description of iron oxides, such as those planned in the Earth
Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), is thus essential for more
accurate estimates of the dust DRE.
A comparison of long-term trends in observations and emission inventories of NOx
Authors: Macdonald Elena , Otero Noelia , Butler Tim
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Air pollution is a pressing issue that is associated with adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. Despite many years of effort to improve air quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) limit values are still regularly exceeded in Europe, particularly in cities and along streets. This study explores how concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in European urban areas have changed over the last decades and how this relates to changes in emissions. To do so, the incremental approach was used, comparing urban increments (i.e. urban background minus rural concentrations) to total emissions, and roadside increments (i.e. urban roadside concentrations minus urban background concentrations) to traffic emissions. In total, nine European cities were assessed. The study revealed that potentially confounding factors like the impact of urban pollution at rural monitoring sites through atmospheric transport are generally negligible for NOx. The approach proves therefore particularly useful for this pollutant. The estimated urban increments all showed downward trends, and for the majority of the cities the trends aligned well with the total emissions. However, it was found that factors like a very densely populated surrounding or local emission sources in the rural area such as shipping traffic on inland waterways restrict the application of the approach for some cities. The roadside increments showed an overall very diverse picture in their absolute values and trends and also in their relation to traffic emissions. This variability and the discrepancies between roadside increments and emissions could be attributed to a combination of local influencing factors at the street level and different aspects introducing inaccuracies to the trends of the emission inventories used, including deficient emission factors. Applying the incremental approach was evaluated as useful for long-term pan-European studies, but at the same time it was found to be restricted to certain regions and cities due to data availability issues. The results also highlight that using emission inventories for the prediction of future health impacts and compliance with limit values needs to consider the distinct variability in the concentrations not only across but also within cities.
A Software Package to Simplify Tikhonov Regularization with
Examples for Matrix-Based Inversion of SMPS and HTDMA Data
Authors: Petters Markus D.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Tikhonov regularization is a tool for reducing noise amplification during data inversion. This work introduces RegularizationTools.jl, a general-purpose software package to apply Tikhonov regularization to data. The package implements well-established numerical algorithms and is suitable for systems of up to ~1000 equations. Included is an abstraction to systematically categorize specific inversion configurations and their associated hyperparameters. A generic interface translates arbitrary linear forward models defined by a computer function into the corresponding design matrix. This obviates the need to explicitly write out and discretize the Fredholm integral equation, thus facilitating fast prototyping of new regularization schemes associated with measurement techniques. Example applications include the inversion involving data from scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) and humidified tandem differential mobility analyzers (HTDMA). Inversion of SMPS size distributions reported in this work builds upon the freely-available software DifferentialMobilityAnalyzers.jl. The speed of inversion is improved by a factor of ~200, now requiring between 2 and 5 ms per SMPS scan when using 120 size bins. Previously reported occasional failure to converge to a valid solution is reduced by switching from the L-curve method to generalized cross-validation as the metric to search for the optimal regularization parameter. Higher-order inversions resulting in smooth, denoised reconstructions of size distributions are now included in DifferentialMobilityAnalyzers.jl. This work also demonstrates that an SMPS-style matrix-based inversion can be applied to find the growth factor frequency distribution from raw HTDMA data, while also accounting for multiply-charged particles. The outcome of the aerosol-related inversion methods is showcased by inverting multi-week SMPS and HTDMA datasets from ground-based observations, including SMPS data obtained at Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory during the Calwater 2/ACAPEX campaign, and co-located SMPS and HTDMA data collected at the U.S. Department of Energy observatory located at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma, U.S.A. Results show that the proposed approaches are suitable for unsupervised, nonparametric inversion of large-scale datasets as well as inversion in real-time during data acquisition on low-cost reduced-instruction-set architectures used in single-board computers. The included software implementation of Tikhonov regularization is freely-available, general, and domain-independent, and thus can be applied to many other inverse problems arising in atmospheric measurement techniques and beyond.
A European map of groundwater pH and calcium
Authors: Hájek Michal , Jiménez-Alfaro Borja , Hájek Ondřej , Brancaleoni Lisa , Cantonati Marco , Carbognani Michele , Dedić Anita , Dítě Daniel , Gerdol Renato , Hájková Petra , Horsáková Veronika , Jansen Florian , Kamberović Jasmina , Kapfer Jutta , Kolari Tiina Hilkka Maria , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Lazarević Predrag , Mašić Ermin , Moeslund Jesper Erenskjold , Pérez-Haase Aaron , Peterka Tomáš , Petraglia Alessandro , Pladevall-Izard Eulàlia , Plesková Zuzana , Segadelli Stefano , Semeniuk Yuliya , Singh Patrícia , Šímová Anna , Šmerdová Eva , Tahvanainen Teemu , Tomaselli Marcello , Vystavna Yuliya , Biţă-Nicolae Claudia , Horsák Michal
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Water resources and associated ecosystems are becoming highly endangered due to ongoing global environmental changes. Spatial ecological modelling
is a promising toolbox for understanding the past, present and future distribution and diversity patterns in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, such
as fens, springs, streams, reed beds or wet grasslands. Still, the lack of detailed water chemistry maps prevents the use of reasonable models to be
applied on continental and global scales. Being major determinants of biological composition and diversity of groundwater-dependent ecosystems,
groundwater pH and calcium are of utmost importance. Here we developed an up-to-date European map of groundwater pH and Ca, based on 7577
measurements of near-surface groundwater pH and calcium distributed across Europe. In comparison to the existing European groundwater maps, we included several times more sites, especially in the regions rich in spring and fen habitats, and filled the apparent gaps in eastern
and southeastern Europe. We used random forest models and regression kriging to create continuous maps of water pH and calcium at the continental
scale, which is freely available also as a raster map (Hájek et al., 2020b; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4139912). Lithology had a higher importance than
climate for both pH and calcium. The previously recognised latitudinal and altitudinal gradients were rediscovered with much refined regional
patterns, as associated with bedrock variation. For ecological models of distribution and diversity of many terrestrial ecosystems, our new map
based on field groundwater measurements is more suitable than maps of soil pH, which mirror not only bedrock chemistry but also
vegetation-dependent soil processes.
A Twenty-Year Analysis of Winds in California for Offshore Wind
Energy Production Using WRF v4.1.2
Authors: Rybchuk Alex , Optis Mike , Lundquist Julie K. , Rossol Michael , Musial Walt
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Offshore wind resource characterization in the United States relies heavily on simulated winds from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, given the lack of hub-height observations offshore. One such NWP data set used extensively by U.S. stakeholders is the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit, a 7-year time-series data set produced in 2013 by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. In this study, we present an update to that data set for offshore California that leverages recent advancements in NWP modeling capabilities and extends the period of record to a full 20 years. The data set predicts a significantly larger wind resource (0.25–1.75 m s−1 stronger), including in three Call Areas that the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management is considering for commercial activity. We conduct a set of yearlong simulations to study factors that contribute to this increase in the modeled wind resource. The largest impact arises from a change in the planetary boundary layer parameterization from the Yonsei University scheme to the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino scheme and their diverging wind profiles under stable stratification. Additionally, we conduct a refined wind resource assessment at the three Call Areas, characterizing distributions of wind speed, shear, veer, stability, frequency of wind droughts, and power production. We find that, depending on the attribute, the new data set can show substantial disagreement with the WIND Toolkit, thereby driving important changes in predicted power.
Misinterpretation of hydrological studies in the Lancang-Mekong
Basin: drivers, solutions and implications for research dialogue
Authors: Wang Wenling , Grünwald Richard , Feng Yan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Socio-hydrology presents one of the scientific approaches interpreting complex interactions between human and water systems. To date, water becomes extremely politicized by non-scientists and frequently put in a broader political context with non-water issues. The purpose of this text is to (1) analyse drivers of the growing politicization of hydrological science in the Lancang-Mekong Basin, (2) examine solutions for addressing the misinterpretation of hydrological data, and (3) outline the unintended consequences of politicization the hydrological studies. The paper argues that politicization of science (i) gives more power to non-scientists, (ii) undermines the trust in science and other research institutions, (iii) creates inequality among hydrological studies and water scientists, and (iv) provides more incentives for making research tailored to desirable outcomes. The topic is highly actual and beneficial for water experts and other scientists who want to better understand the potential negative implications of hydrological studies and the limits of socio-hydrology.
Correlation of wind waves and sea level variations on the coast of
the seasonally ice-covered Gulf of Finland
Authors: Johansson Milla M. , Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Särkkä Jani , Leijala Ulpu , Kahma Kimmo K.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Both sea level variations and wind-generated waves affect coastal flooding risks. The correlation of these two phenomena complicates the estimates of their joint effect on the exceedance levels for the continuous water mass. In the northern Baltic Sea the seasonal occurrence of sea ice further influences the situation. We analysed this correlation with 28 years (1992–2019) of sea level data, and four years (2016–2019) of wave buoy measurements from a coastal location outside the City of Helsinki, Gulf of Finland. The wave observations were complemented by 28 years of simulations with a parametric wave model. The sea levels and waves at this location show strongest positive correlation (τ = 0.5) for southwesterly winds, while for northeasterly winds the correlation is negative (−0.3). The results were qualitatively similar when only the open water period was considered, or when the ice season was included either with zero wave heights or hypothetical no-ice wave heights. We calculated the observed probability distribution of the sum of the sea level and the highest individual wave crest from the simultaneous time series. Compared to this, a probability distribution of the sum calculated by assuming that the two variables are independent underestimates the total water levels corresponding to one hour per 100 years by 0.1–1.2 m. We tested three Archimedean copulas, of which the Gumbel copula best accounted for the mutual dependence between the two variables.
Comparing global seismic tomography models using the varimax
Principal Component Analysis
Authors: de Viron Olivier , Van Camp Michel , Grabkowiak Alexia , Ferreira Ana M. G.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Global seismic tomography has greatly progressed in the past decades, with many global Earth models being produced by different research groups. Objective, statistical methods are crucial for the quantitative interpretation of the large amount of information encapsulated by the models as well as for unbiased model comparisons. We propose here to use a rotated version of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to compress the information, in order to ease the geological interpretation and model comparison. The method generates between 7 to 15 principal components (PC) for each of the seven tested global tomography models, capturing more than 97 % of the total variance of the model. Each PC consists of a vertical profile, to which a horizontal pattern is associated by projection. The depth profiles and the horizontal patterns enable examining the key characteristics of the main components of the models. Most of the information in the models is associated with a few features: Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) in the lowermost mantle, subduction signals and low velocity anomalies likely associated with mantle plumes in the upper and lower mantle, and ridges and cratons in the uppermost mantle. Importantly, all models highlight several independent components in the lower mantle that make between 36 % and 69 % of the total variance, depending on the model, which suggests that the lower mantle is more complex than traditionally assumed. Overall, we find that the varimax PCA is a useful additional tool for the quantitative comparison and interpretation of tomography models.
Development of a subglacial lake monitored with radio-echo
sounding: Case study from the Eastern Skaftá Cauldron in the
Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland
Authors: Magnússon Eyjólfur , Pálsson Finnur , Gudmundsson Magnús T. , Högnadóttir Thórdís , Rossi Cristian , Thorsteinsson Thorsteinn , Ófeigsson Benedikt G. , Sturkell Erik , Jóhannesson Tómas
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We present repeated radio-echo sounding (RES, 5 MHz) on a profile grid over the Eastern Skaftá Cauldron (ESC) in Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland. The ESC is ~3 km wide and 50–150 m deep ice cauldron created and maintained by subglacial geothermal activity of ~1 GW. Beneath the cauldron and 200–400 m thick ice, water accumulates in a lake and is released semi-regularly in jökulhlaups. The RES record consists of annual surveys with 200–400 m between profiles in early summers of 2014–2020. Comparison of the RES surveys (2D migrated profiles) reveals variable lake area (0.5–4.1 km2) and enables traced reflections from the lake roof to be distinguished from bedrock reflections. This allows construction of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the bedrock in the area, further constrained by two borehole measurements at the cauldron centre. It also allows creation of lake thickness maps and an estimate of lake volume at the time of each survey, which we compare with lowering patterns and released water volumes obtained from surface DEMs obtained before and after jökulhlaups. The estimated lake volume is 250 × 106 m3 in June 2015 but 320 ± 20 × 106 m3 drained from the cauldron in October 2015. In June 2018, RES profiles reveal a lake volume of 185 × 106 m3 while 220 ± 30 × 106 m3 was released in a jökulhlaup in August 2018. Considering the water accumulation over the periods between RES surveys and jökulhlaups, this indicates 10–20 % uncertainty in the RES-derived volumes at times when significant jökulhlaups may be expected.
II. ESTUDIOS
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: March 2021

N/A
POTENSI BIOPIGMEN MIKROALGA Chlorella sp. SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: H Hartini , Lasmini Titi , Pratiwi Mathylda , Juita Erlinna
Published: March 2021

Mikroalga sebagai organisme fotosintetis mengandung biomassa yang telah dieksplorasi untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar alternatif dalam bentuk biodiesel dan bioetanol. Selain itu, biomassa mikroalga ternyata masih menyisakan produk lain yang belum dieksplorasi secara optimal yaitu biopigmen. Salah satu jenis mikroalga yang didominasi oleh klorofil serta kerotenoid yaitu Chlorella sp. Penelitian ini fokus pada pemanfaatan biopigmen mikroalga Chlorella sp. dibidang kesehatan khususnya kemampuan sebagai antibakteri alami terhadap bakteri patogen Staphylococcus aureus. Mikroalga Chlorella sp. ditumbuhkan dalam medium Walne dan dipanen menggunakan metode sentrifugasi. Mikroalga Chlorella sp. diekstrak menggunakan pelarut heksan:aseton (7:3) dan dimurnikan biopigmennya dengan kolom kromatografi. Biopigmen yang diperoleh, diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan metode Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kerapatan sel mikroalga Chlorella sp. sebesar 16,54×106 sel/mL. Ekstrak kasar mikroalga Chlorella sp. berwarna hijau tua. Hasil pemurnian dengan kolom kromatografi diperoleh jenis biopigmen karotenoid pada panjang gelombang 380–400 nm dan klorofil pada panjang gelombang 450 nm dan 620 nm. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak kasar sebesar 9±0,104 mm, karotenoid sebesar 11,6±0,038 mm dan kloramfenikol 9,4±0,102 mm.
IDENTIFIKASI TELUR CACING SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH (STH) PADA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI (SDN) 91 KECAMATAN RUMBAI PESISIR PEKANBARU
Authors: Aritonang Berliana N.R.S. , Rezki Nurul
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK

Infeksi kecacingan yang disebabkan oleh Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) menjadi masalah kesehatan bagi masyarakat Indonesia khususnya anak-anak yang masih duduk di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah ini meliputi Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, dan Cacing tambang (Necator americanus dan Ancylostoma duodenale). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya telur cacing golongan Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) pada murid Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) 91 Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Pekanbaru. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode flotasi dan sedimentasi. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah murid Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) 91 Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Pekanbaru kelas 1, 2, dan 3. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dari 27 sampel ditemukan 2 sampel positif yaitu telur cacing Ascaris lumbricoides fertil pada sampel  dengan kode M dan telur cacing Ascaris lumbricoides infertil dengan kode ZZ.

 

Kata kunci: Ascaris lumricoides, murid SD, pemeriksaan kualitatif feses, Soil Transmitted Helmint, Kecacingan
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA KANTONG DARAH DONOR DI BANK DARAH RUMAH SAKIT SANTA MARIA PEKANBARU
Authors: Saidjao Yuniyati
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK

Hemoglobin adalah pigmen pengangkut oksigen utama ke jaringan yang terdapat di eritrosit. Kadar hemoglobin digunakan sebagai syarat penentu terapi transfusi darah terhadap pasien anemia. Sebelum transfusi darah pada awalnya disimpan dalam kantong yang mengandung antikoagulan CPDA-1 dengan masa simpan 35 hari pada suhu 4 ± 2°C dengan sistem FIFO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kadar hemoglobin kantong darah donor selama penyimpanan hari–1 dan setelah penyimpanan hari–15 di Bank Darah Rumah Sakt Santa Maria Pekanbaru sehingga transfusi efektif dilakukan untuk menaikan kadar hemoglobin pasien. Jenis penelitian menggunakan Quasi Eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pretest–postest. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kantong darah WB dan PRC yang diperoleh dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Berdasarkan uji t–berpasangan pada kantong darah WB didapat p>0,01 artinya tidak ada perbedaan bermakna kadar hemoglobin hari–1 dan hari–15 sedangkan pada kantong darah PRC didapat p<0,01 artinya ada perbedaan bermakna kadar hemoglobin hari–1  dan hari–15.

Kata kunci : Hemoglobin, WB, PRC, lama penyimpanan.
Gambaran Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin Serum pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2 di Rumah Sakit Santa Maria Pekanbaru
Authors: Trihartati Valentina
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar glukosa darah. Berdasarkan International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Indonesia merupakan urutan ke–7 negara yang memiliki kasus diabetes melitus terbesar. Penderita diabetes melitus ditandai dengan kadar glukosa darah pada waktu puasa ≥126 mg/dL dan 2 jam sesudah makan ≥200 mg/dL. Salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan karena komplikasi kronik mikrovaskuler pada penderita diabetes melitus adalah nefropati diabetik. Pemeriksaan ureum dan kreatinin merupakan cara paling sederhana untuk menilai status fungsional ginjal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe–2 di Rumah Sakit Santa Maria Pekanbaru periode Sempember–November 2018. Berdasarkan data pasien yang telah diperoleh, penderita diabetes melitus dengan kadar ureum >39 mg/dL (tinggi) paling banyak diderita oleh perempuan (9 orang), pada usia 55–64 tahun (4 orang), lama menderita 21–25 bulan (3 orang) dan dengan penyakit penyerta (7 orang). Kadar kreatinin >1,3 mg/dL (tinggi)  paling banyak diderita oleh perempuan (7 orang), pada usia 55–64 tahun dan 65–74 tahun (6 orang), lama menderita 21–25 bulan (3 orang), dan dengan penyakit penyerta (6 orang). Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe–2 khususnya pada penderita perempuan.

Kata kunci : Diabetes melitus, nefropati diabetik, ureum, kreatinin
UJI LISIS TELUR Ascaris lumbricoides SETELAH PEMBERIAN GETAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya)
Authors: Adi Darmadi -
Published: March 2021

Penyakit kecacingan tergolong penyakit neglected disease yaitu infeksi yang kurang diperhatikan dan penyakitnya bersifat kronis tanpa menimbulkan gejala klinis yang jelas dan dampak yang ditimbulkannya baru terlihat dalam waktu yang lama seperti kekurangan gizi, gangguan tumbuh kembang dan  gangguan kecerdasan pada anak. Berbagai upaya yang telah dilakukan  untuk mengeliminasi adanya cacing di dalam tubuh, mulai dari penggunaan obat sintetik hingga penggunaan obat alami. Salah satu obat alami yang dapat dijadikan sebagai antihelmintik adalah getah papaya (Carica papaya). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi getah pepaya (Carica papaya) yang efektif terhadap lisisnya telur Ascaris lumbricoides. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian  ini eksperimen laboratorium secara in vitro. Hasil yang di dapatkan dari penelitian adalah getah papaya pada konsentrasi 5% dapat menyebabkan lapisan albumin telur mengalami perubahan (menyerupai fertilized decorticated) pada waktu selama 60 menit, sedangkan getah papaya konsentrasi 1%-4% tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa getah papaya pada konsentrasi 5% tidak menimbulkan lisis tetapi lapisan albumin dari telur mengalami perubahan menyerupai fertilized decorticated.

 

Kata kunci: lisis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Getah Pepaya.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja Dan Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai LPP TVRI
Authors: Asraf  , Hamzah Nasir , Said Syahnur , Lamo Muchtar
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis (a). pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI,  (b). kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI, (c). motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI dan  (d) kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 176 orang yang terdistribusipada 3 stasiun LPP TVRI meliputi Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Sulawesi Barat.   Sampel menggunakan metode sensus dimanaseluruh responden dijadikan sebagai sampel. Alatanalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan program Smart PLS Versi 3.2. Adapun lokasi penelitian adalah TVRI Wilayah sulawesi selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Sulawesi Barat Hasil penelitian bahwa; (a). budaya organisasi berpengaruh postif tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI, kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI, motivasi berepngaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai LPP TVRI dan kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan tehadap kinerja pegawai pegawai LPP TVRI.

This study aims to determine and analyze (a). the influence of organizational culture on the performance of LPP TVRI employees, (b). leadership on the performance of LPP TVRI employees, (c). work motivation on LPP TVRI employee performance and (d) competence on LPRI TVRI employee performance. The study population was 176 people distributed in 3 LPP TVRI stations covering Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. The sample uses the census method where all respondents are used as samples. Alatanalisis uses Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart PLS Version 3.2. The research locations are TVRI in South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. (a). organizational culture does not have a significant positive effect on the performance of LPP TVRI employees, leadership has a positive and significant effect on the performance of LPP TVRI employees, motivation has positive and significant influence on the performance of LPP TVRI employees and competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance of LPP TVRI employees.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Yoga practice -New prescription for Stress Reduction?
Authors: Vijayan Vini , Sukesh Niveditha , Asokan Devi , Premkumar Aiswarya , Sukumaran Sukesh
Published: March 2021

The emergence of COVID 19 pandemic since December 31 2019, and isolation of novel SARS-CoV-2 changed the world. Since then, cases have spread all over the globe including 213 Countries/ territories. As the coronavirus spreads throughout the world, so has the ramifications of its spread impacted every aspect of our daily lives. While the physical, economic and social consequences of this pandemic have been enormous, its toll on the mental health and stress level of the general public is especially significant and should be addressed. Mandatory stay at home orders, social distancing measures, the closure of schools, parks, visitation in nursing homes, while necessary to contain the spread, may additionally lead to declining mental health. The latest statistics show that a whopping 264 million individuals worldwide suffer from clinical depression. We propose the use of some simple Yoga practices to cope with this stressful situation and also to address the immune boosting effect of this practice. Proper practice of Yoga assists in mental clarity as well as emotional and physical control. It also helps with stress relief and increases one’s awareness of the physical body rhythms. In this article we address simple Yoga and how to practice it with illustrations. We discuss the available literature regarding Yoga and its benefit in stress and immune-boosting.
Amino acids in enteral formula based on local fermented food for children with protein energy malnutrition
Authors: Pratiwi Yessie Finandita , Sulchan Mohammad , Afifah Diana Nur , Rauf Rusdin
Published: March 2021

Protein-energy malnutrition still becomes a problem in the world and Indonesia. The enteral formula is needed in the process of fulfilling overall nutrition in the form of a liquid diet in malnourished patients to digest and absorb nutrients without any difficulties. Amino acid lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, and tryptophan are often deficits in children's food; even, malnourished children (stunting, wasting, or protein-energy malnutrition) have decreased amino acids. Tempeh gembus, fermented local food, is used as the main ingredient for the enteral formula, and the hydrolysate process is carried out and made into flour, resulting in more amino acids due to the process of protein breakdown. The making of enteral formula from local food fermentation aims to enable the community to optimize local food into more nutritious food so that it can be produced at the household scale. Other supplementary ingredients are isolated soy protein, pumpkin flour, maltodextrin, sugar, and soybean oil. The enteral formula is isocaloric and isoprotein; it is divided into two with different compositions of the hydrolysate of Tempeh gembus flour. This study aims to determine the content of protein, amino acids, and limiting amino acids in the enteral formula. The amino acid analysis was performed using the HPLC method. Amino acid glutamate has the highest content in enteral formulas A and B (2,080 mg.100g-1and 1,950 mg.100g-1). The total amino acid content of enteral formula A is higher than that of enteral formula B with a difference of 210 mg.100g-1. Enteral formula A has a higher average amino acid content (1,400 mg.100g-1) than enteral formula B (1,378 mg.100g-1), and there is no significant difference (p = 0.812) between them. The enteral formula A has a higher amino acid content, but the highest protein content is in enteral formula B. The limiting amino acids in enteral formulas A and B are the methionine amino acids. Enteral formulas A and B can fulfill the needs of amino acids and be an alternative formula for Children with PEM.
The impact of magazine Pregled on social and cultural life of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by writing on agrarian issues in the period 1910-1913.
Authors:   Institute of History, University of Sarajevo, Mišković Igor
Published: March 2021

Newespapers, either daily or periodic, represent a significant source of study on cultural and entertainment life in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The magazine Pregled dealed with social, economic and cultural issues of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through our work, we follow the writings on agrarian issues of the magazine Pregled in the first period of his appearance running from 1910 until 1913. Pregled shows an agrarian issue as a crucial one and consequently apporoaches it from all sides. It follows the agrarian events in other countries of Europe, draws parallels, and eventually gives proposals for the same events in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Entrance of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes according to newspaper „Narodno Jedinstvo“
Authors:   Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla, Zulić Omer
Published: March 2021

The question of the entry of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of the SHS is important to research and study through the columns of the National Unity, the official newsletter of the new national authorities. Although in its first issue it was announced with pomp, it was an independent newsletter, it was everything, but not independently. Namely, this is a school example of the Edict list, which served to glorify the new state of Slovenians, Croats and Serbs, and later to glorify the unification into the Kingdom, that is, first of all, the glorification of the Serbian element in the Kingdom of the SHS. This work follows the information contained in columns from November 4, when the first number of the National Unity was published, until December 26, 1918, or less than two months.
Bosnia in focus of Ottoman studies: Parallels of the Yugoslav and post-Yugoslav period
Authors:   Institute of History, University of Sarajevo, Smajić Ramiza
Published: March 2021

More than a quarter of a century after the international recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state outside of Yugoslavia, a period for a comparative analysis of historiographic results is appropriate. In this paper, attention is devoted to the treatment of Bosnian territory in various social frameworks, financial and personnel capacities, affinities and ideological orientations. Certain areas of scientific work, of course, had a natural sequence of activities, some needed to be adjusted, while approaches and focus in some fields developed completely new forms in the spirit of contemporary osmanism. The planned exhibition is a collection of practical experiences in the field of the Ottoman work in both the Yugoslav and post-Yugoslav periods.
Review: Damir Bošnjaković, TOJŠIĆI OD SREDNJEG VIJEKA DO 1958. GODINE, Knjiga Prva, Tuzla 2018, 189 str.
Authors:   Center for the Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla, Zulić Omer
Published: March 2021

Review: Damir Bošnjaković, TOJŠIĆI OD SREDNJEG VIJEKA DO 1958. GODINE, Knjiga Prva, Tuzla 2018, 189 str.
Demographic changes after Berlin congress (1878) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors:   Institute of National History Skopje, Ramčilović Zećir
Published: March 2021

The Berlin Congress in 1878 ended the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, but above all the revision of the San Stefano peace treaty in order to prevent the spread of Russian influence in the Balkans. Austria - Hungary has been given the mandate to occupy and manage Bosnia and Herzegovina. The planned peaceful occupation was oppressed by the people, and the Austro-Hungarian army was given fierce resistance. Nevertheless, Bosnia is occupied with a large number of forces, but also civilian casualties. Official reports state that Austro-Hungary fulfilled the conditions that it bargained in Berlin, but the reality after the occupation was different from that which was found on the paper. The new administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina has made deep and radical changes in the socio - political system, but above all in the lives of ordinary people. The transition of a society that was going on very slowly and complicated had far-reaching consequences, especially on demographic trends in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Demographic changes after 1878 were the result of several factors, primarily the establishment of a new government, a new legal order, a cultural and social transition, and the reorganization of religious life. The centuries-old and, to the greatest extent, the privileged position of Bosnia in the Ottoman Empire was changed to the province of the dual monarchy with the supreme military administrator. The nation was not given the right to participate in the governance of its own country. Every change was pronounced and most often at the expense of the domicile majority Bosniak population. The fact that this period, as in the past, today has a great interest in studying from different points of view, I would like to give a brief review of the demographic changes that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina after its occupation.
The effect of liquidity risk on bank performance: A comparative study of Islamic and conventional banks in the middle east and north Africa region
Authors: Amara Tijani , Najar Tharwa
Published: March 2021

This study explores the impact of liquidity risk on Bank performance through a comparative study between conventional and Islamic banks in the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA). Bank Size, Capital adequacy ratio, liquidity Gap and Return on Assets are used as independent variables and the Bank Age, Inflation Rate and Growth Rate of Domestic product are used as macro-economic variables and the dependent variable is liquidity risk. The methodological choice is the generalized method of moments (GMM). We used a sample of 10 Islamic banks and 25 conventional banks in the MENA region during the period of 2006-2018. The results show various impacts of these variables on liquidity risk in both banks. We also find that the rise in CAR in Islamic banks and conventional banks does not influence liquidity risk. The logical explanations are that the bank could allocate funds to improve credit and fixed assets.
The role of profitability in moderating the factors affecting transfer pricing
Authors: Baroroh Niswah , Malik Suryani , Jati Kuat Waluyo
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of tax expense, bonus mechanism, and incentive tunneling on transfer pricing with profitability as moderating. The population is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique and obtained 45 analysis units. Data analysis method used moderated regression analysis (MRA). The study showed that tunneling incentive had a significant positive on transfer pricing decision. Tax expense and bonus mechanism had no significant effect on transfer pricing decisions. Profitability strengthened the effect of tax expense on transfer pricing decisions. However, profitability was unable to moderate the influence of bonus mechanism and tunneling incentive towards on transfer pricing decisions. The conclusions are that shareholders the majority of a controlled by the foreign shown to improve the transfer pricing decision. An increase in profitability followed the transfer pricing decision high to reduce tax expense in the company.
The effect of supervisor's authority on auditor's response
Authors: Susilo Yustinus Tito , Asnawi Meinarni , Wijaya Anthonius H. Citra
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of referent power, expert power, legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power as independent variables on performance improvement and impression management as the dependent variable. This study aims to answer exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and predictive research using a survey method in the form of a questionnaire containing a list of statements that will be given to respondents to be filled in to obtain information from respondents and data processing using the WarpPLS 5.0 application. The results showed that referent power, reward power, and coercive power affected performance improvement and impression management, while expert power and legitimate power did not affect performance improvement and impression management.