bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UBM indicators in anterior capsular contraction syndrome
Authors:   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Gamidov A.A. , Averkina E.A. ,   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Andgelova D.V. ,   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Surnina Z.V. ,   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of UBM studies of patients with anterior capsular contraction syndrome (CS). Purpose. Тo use the UBM method to study the state of the ciliary body (CB) and the capsular bag of the lens in patients with CS. Material and methods. The study included 42 patients with capsular CS. The UBM HI-scan ultrasound biomicroscope (Optikon, Italy) was used. Results. The reduction of the capsule bag of the lens was accompanied by a significant decrease in the diameter of the anterior capsulotomy opening, IOL decentration and its displacement towards the posterior pole of the eye, stretching or damage to the zonula ciliaris, and an increase in the CB thickness. In 2 cases, ruptures of the CB and its separation from the place of attachment to the radix iridis were recorded. Conclusion. UBM is an effective assessment method for CS, which allows us to study the state of the capsule bag of the lens and CB, evaluate the effectiveness of laser treatment and predict the risks associated with a high probability of complications. Key words: capsular contraction syndrome, anterior capsule, lens, laser, UBM, ciliary body.
Results of improved vitreoretinal surgery at proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Bikbov M.M. , Kalanov M.R. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To improve the technology of combined vitreoretinal intervention, including preliminary intravitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors followed by vitrectomy and a differentiated approach to internal limiting membrane peeling in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Material and methods. The research based on analysis of morpho-functional parameters 134 patient's eyes with PDR during type II diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 30 patients (30 eyes), who were determined optimal period for vitrectomy. That patients underwent fundus photography and optical coherence tomography during 1 month after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Vitrectomy was performed within 1-3 months (38.4 ± 5.6 days). The second group consisted of 104 patients (104 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy with a differentiated approach to internal limiting membrane peeling and tamponade of the vitreous cavity. Results. The optimal period for vitrectomy in patients with PDR is 10-14 days after preliminary ranibizumab injection, which is due to the maximal regression of neovascularization and minimal traction on the retina (the risk of developing local traction retinal detachment decreases by 36.6%). Carrying out vitrectomy in optimal period helped to reduce the risk of intraoperative hemorrhagic complications by 4.2 times, the frequency of using perfluorocarbons by 3.7 times. At postoperative period, in patients without internal limiting membrane peeling on the silicone oil tamponade, the risk of epiretinal fibrosis increased 2.7 times compared with the data before treatment, and 1.8 times on air-gas mixture tamponade. Conclusion. The optimal surgical tactic for patients with PDR is preliminary intravitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors before vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling at silicone oil tamponade (frequency of epiretinal fibrosis 96%) and individual approach to surgical correction of macular area at gas-air mixture tamponade (frequency of epiretinal fibrosis 36%), which allows to achieve a progressive improvement in morphological and functional results. Key words: proliferative diabetic retinopathy, preliminary anti-VEGF therapy, vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling.
Analysis of the etiological factors of relapse after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Research Institute of Eye Diseases», Moscow, At'kova E.L. , Krakhovetskiy N.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Research Institute of Eye Diseases», Moscow, Zhukov O.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Research Institute of Eye Diseases», Moscow
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work is to study the etiological factors of failures after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EEDCR). We retrospectively studied the case reports of 485 patients (521 cases) with a relapse after EEDCR performed for primary dacryocystitis. The obtained data allowed us to reveal that the largest number of cases of relapse after EEDCR was a consequence of partial or complete obliteration of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) ostium (278 cases), which amounted to 53.3% of all analyzed cases. In 127 cases, the reason of recurrence after EEDCR was stenosis or obliteration of the common canaliculus ostium (24.4%). In 116 cases (22.3%), relapse after EEDCR was caused by a combination of several etiological factors. Of these, in 86 cases, synechiae and granulation in the area of dacryostomy were revealed. The retrospective analysis carried out within the framework of this work, based on the study of the results of the applied diagnostic methods, including multislice computed tomography with contrast enhancement of lacrimal drainage system, made it possible to determine and systematize the etiological factors of the development of repeated obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system after EEDCR. Key words: relapse, dacryocystitis, DCR, common canaliculus ostium, DCR ostium, synechiae.
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy
Authors:   Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) n.o. M.F.Vladimirsky, Moscow, Ryabtseva A.A. , Andryukhina O.M. ,   Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) n.o. M.F.Vladimirsky, Moscow, Kovrizhkina A.A. ,   Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) n.o. M.F.Vladimirsky, Moscow
Published: September 2021

The article presents a literature review on the description of paracentral acute middle maculopathy. The historical information about the disease, the mechanism of pathogenesis is given. The authors describe the anatomical structure of the microcirculation of the retina. Cases of association of this condition with retinal vascular pathology and systemic diseases are described. The literature data on the prognosis and possible direction of therapy are presented. Key words: optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A), retina, isсhemia.
Effect of pH and Salinity on Lactic Acid Production and Multiplication of Plantaricin Plasmid Genes of Lactobacillus plantarum COY 2906 isolated from Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Syaputri Yolani , Niwa Ryo , Iwahashi Hitoshi
Published: September 2021

Lactic acid bacteria are assumed to act as a biopreservative in virgin coconut oil (VCO) products, even under stress conditions. Lactobacillus plantarum COY 2906 and Lactobacillus sakei were isolated from VCO. L. plantarum COY 2906 showing greater ability than L. sakei to inhibit indicator bacteria and were selected for further study. Under saline stress conditions, L. plantarum COY 2906 did not inhibit E. coli K12 JM109 and showed greater inhibition of B. subtilis than of S. aureus JCM 20624. High saline content reduced lactic acid production, but the copy number of plnA, plnEF, plnN, plnJ and plnK genes associated with plantaricin, was not significantly changed. L. plantarum COY 2906 had its optimum anti-bacterial effect at pH 4.5 – 7.5, while alkaline conditions increased lactic acid production and reduced the multiplication of plantaricin plasmid genes. However, in acidic conditions, the number of plantaricin genes on the plasmid was multiplied. The genes: plnW, plnV, plnU, plnH, plnG, plnE, plnF, plnD, plnC, plnB, plnA, plnR, plnL, plnK, plnJ, plnM, plnN, plnO and plnP were found in the draft genome of L. plantarum COY 2906. This research clearly shows that lactic acid production and multiplication of plantaricin genes are affected by environmental salinity and pH.
Development and Evaluation of a Program to Improve Understanding of Physical and Mental Health of Older Primiparas and Strengthen Marital Relationships: A Semi-Experimental Study without Control Groups
Authors:   School of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Japan, K Nakajima , A Hirose ,   School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Japan, T Nameda ,   School of Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Japan
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Older primiparas are more likely to be at risk for physical and mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a program to understand the physical and mental health of older primiparas and strengthen their marital relationship. Design: A semi-experimental study of one group without control groups. Method: Participants included 15 older primiparas Japanese couples who attended regular childbirth and childcare preparation classes held at two maternity hospitals in Japan. Participants responded to sociodemographic questions, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), questions regarding understanding, satisfaction, and utilization of the program (process evaluation), and the Quality Marriage Index (QMI; outcome evaluation). Data was collected before the pregnancy program and one and three months after childbirth. Results: Participants understood and were satisfied with the information provided in the program. There was no significant decrease in postpartum marital satisfaction after participating in the program. However, the usefulness assessment of the pregnancy program dropped to about 80% at one and three months after childbirth. Conclusions: Findings indicate that this program improves mutual understanding and sharing of thoughts and feelings between couples. It was suggested that a postnatal program be held so that the couple could continue learning after childbirth.
Effectiveness of Stem Cell Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Case Study of Identical Twins
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Speech Language Pathology, JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, K Sandhya , HC Shobha ,   ntern, JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with immune system dysfunction. Recent year’s researches have exposed importance of cell based therapies, which were proposed and applied to ASDs as ASDs are considered to be a Neurobiological condition. Although a few studies show stem cell therapy as an active treatment, method for individuals with ASDs there is a lack of empirical evidences to confirm the effectiveness. A twin case study is presented who are diagnosed as having ASDs who had undergone Stem cell therapy treatment. The results of detailed Speech and Language evaluations and other treatments the children had undergone are the focus of present report. Precautions to be taken while choosing the right management option, which involves careful parental counselling are discussed.
Focal Hepatic Hot Spot Sign
Authors:   National Institute of Oncologic, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, DA Mohamed , H Retal ,   National Institute of Oncologic, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, B Onka ,   National Institute of Oncologic, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, R Latib ,   National Institute of Oncologic, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, Y Omor ,   National Institute of Oncologic, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco
Published: September 2021

The focal hepatic hot spot sign appears as an area of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake of the quadrate lobe of the liver in the arteial an veinous phase. This sign seen on CT is due to obstruction of the superior vena cava and portosystemic venous shunt between the superior vena cava and the left portal vein via the thoracic and internal para-umbilical veins.
Hiccups Associated with Steroid Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Payal Rastogi  , Neya Kamra  , Ommar Mohammad  , Trishna Nagar
Published: September 2021

Hiccups fall under rare adverse events that occur after an epidural steroid injection. A few studies in medical literature have reported on the physiological and pharmacological aspects of the same and some case reports have also been published. We hereby report a case of a 37-year-old woman who presented with hiccups after epidural steroid injection. She was successful treated with chlorpromazine and omeprazole.
Diversified Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Overall Health and Well-Being of Children: A Survey Based Case Study
Authors: Alfred J. Lawrence  , Umama Fatima  , Ancey Abraham  , Faiza Ali  , Saima Arif  , Tahmeena Khan
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of non-essential services including educational institutions and recreational facilities all around the world. The pandemic has affected children at different levels including their mental well- being. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the overall impact of the pandemic on the well-being of children in terms of their demographic details, physical activity pattern, sanitary practices, mental health and nutritional practices. 300 children aged between 4-18 years were surveyed through an online survey developed as a Google form. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Parents or guardians were asked to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire was approved by Medical doctors for the sake of accuracy and authenticity. RESULTS: The annual household income of majority of the respondents was between 1-5 lakhs, and they belonged to urban and nuclear households. Although modern amenities were available for the children at home, yet majority of them did not have a separate room and a personal smart phone. 89.4% (n=268) children used internet for 1-5 hours every day. 82.4% (=247) of them were also enrolled in other online courses as well. Lesser time was devoted on physical activity during the pandemic. Negative psychological symptoms like lack in concentration and anxiety, etc. were reported. CONCLUSION: The paper addresses the changes impacting children’s lives at different levels related to their health and well-being. The results must be corroborated with studies reported in literature and may be used for formulating strategies to make children adapt the situation without any negative impact on their personality.
Restructuring and the Proper Syntactic Analysis
Authors:   Seoul National University, Korea, Hong-Pin Im
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to make it clear that syntactic analysis should be based on the lexical information given in the lexicon. For this purpose, lexical information of the syntactic argument is to be taken the form like [VP NKP, _, DKP, AKP] for the ditransitive verb give in English. The argument structure projects to syntactic structure. The NKP in this structure becomes VP-subject, but there is another subject called S-subject (Sentence-Subject) below S node. This amounts to Two-Subject Hypothesis for English. Between these two subjects, there intervene Conjugation-Like Elements, enriched by close examination of English verbal conjugation. Two-Subject Hypothesis perfectly accounts for peculiarities of the Expletive There (ET)construction. Restructuring can also explain the so-called Long Distance Wh-interrogative without introducing Wh-movement, and it can also explain why the imperative verbs are taking the base forms. It can also explain the characteristics of adjective imperatives by the same principles as applied to verbal imperatives. We try to deal with the other subtle problems, to get fruitful results. Restructuring approach, we think, provides more convincing explanations than the movement one.
When Is a Causative Situation not Mapped to a Causative Construction Proper? The Case of Hupa
Authors:   University of Central Arkansas, USA, R. Escamilla
Published: September 2021

This work interrogates why certain real-world events that meet criteria for being considered causative events cannot be expressed using Hupa’s morphological or syntactic causative constructions, but must be encoded using one of two periphrastic constructions in which the Causer or cause is not marked as an argument. Based on fieldwork with a native speaker, I probe into these two periphrastic constructions in depth, accounting for their distributions through an appeal to Næss’s (2007) account of semantic transitivity.
Cultural Dominance and Language Endangerment: The case of Efut in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Calabar, Nigeria, M.M. Okon , Noah P ,   University of Calabar, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

The Efut culture, and by extension language, seems to have been mortally threatened after their speakers’ migration to Nigeria from Cameroun in the 16th Century. The linguistic situation resulting in language shift was especially exacerbated in the last seven decades, largely due to the dominant cultural influence of Efik, Ibibio and English. The most ostensive vestige of the language manifests in the Ekpe ‘Leopard’ secret society songs, rituals and proverbs (performed by, and intelligible mostly to octogenarians). The Efut language sociolinguistic status is between post moribund and dead stage(s). This paper attempts, therefore, to x-ray ways to revitalize and revive it. Two such revival strategies are the use of digital communication technology and Efut in Nollywood movies. Data for this work came mainly from songs, proverbs, interviews, wordlist and available historical literature. The prognosis for reviving Efut appears realistically poor, at present. However, with appropriate input and pragmatic will from all stakeholders, it would be hasty, uncharitable, to consign the language to irreversible extinction. This optimism is sustainable only if language engineers, policymakers and the Efut nation do not continue to sit on the fence.
Strong Demand, Limited Supply, and Rising Prices: The Economics of Pandemic-Era Housing
Authors: Dunn Julianne , Brizuela Isabel
Published: September 2021

When the coronavirus pandemic began, many feared the housing market would collapse as it did in the mid-2000s. Instead, the industry has struggled to keep up with an influx of demand for homes, leading to rapidly rising prices. What’s next for residential real estate and construction?
The phenomenon of masculinity and femininity between the Arabic and Kurdish languages - a comparative study
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Shaima , Noori Hama_Saed Taban
Published: September 2021

ملخص البحث:

          من تمام فصاحة الكلام لدى السامع مراعاة المتكلم أو الكاتب مسألة التذكير والتأنيث ليجعل عباراته مؤدية الغرض المنشود، وذلك باختياره ما يناسب المقام من علامات الجنس (التذكير والتأنيث)، كالضمائر، وأسماء الإشارة، والأسماء الموصولة، والأوصاف، والإسناد، فضلا عن مراعاته لأمور أخرى تستوجب فصاحة لغته، وتتفاوت اللغات في ظاهرة التذكير والتأنيث فهناك لغات لا يراعى فيها التفريق بين الجنس ولايوجد فيها علامات للتذكير والتأنيث، في حين هناك لغات فيها علامات الجنس بشكل موسع في كل مفاصل الكلام وعناصره ولكل نوع من الأسماء جنس محدد ولذلك تعدُّ من اللغات الراقية، وهناك لغات تمتلك ظاهرة الجنس لكنها بشكل محدد أو محصور في حالات معينة، وهنا تكمن أهمية البحث في دراسة ظاهرة التذكير والتأنيث بين لغتين تنتميان إلى فصيلتين لغويتين مختلفتين وهما: اللغة العربية الفصحة، واللغة الكردية المتمثلة باللهجة الكرمانجية الشمالية (اللهجة البادينية)؛ وذلك  لمعرفة نقاط التشابه والاختلاف في ظاهرة الجنس بينهما ليكون البحث إحدى متطلبات تسهيل تعليم اللغتين بين أبناء الشعبين المتجاورين، والذي يعدُّ الهدف الرئيس من الدراسة التقابيلية، ولأجل تحقيق هذه الغاية لابُدَّ أن نسلِّط الضوءَ على علامات (مورفيمات) التذكير والتأنيث في اللغتين العربية والكردية، والبحث والتنقيب عن هذا الظاهرة في التراكيب اللغوية، وذلك من خلال بحثها في (العبارات، الجمل، الإشارات، والضمائر)، ولأجل تحقيق ذلك قمنا بتقسيم البحث إلى مبحثين يسبقهما مقدمة ويتلوهما خاتمة بأهم نتائج البحث، وجاء المبحث الأول عن تقسم الأسماء بين اللغتين العربية والكردية من حيث الجنس، أما المبحث الثاني فدرسنا فيه مظاهر التذكير والتأنيث في التركيب بين اللغتين العربية والكردية.

الكلمات المفتاحية:

المذكر، المؤنث، ظاهرة التذكير والتأنيث، علامات التذكير والتأنيث، علامات الجنس، اللهجة الكرمانجية.
Misrepresentation of Orientals in Dave Eggers’s A Hologram for The King
Authors: Mohammed Samal Marf
Published: September 2021

This study deals with the colonial perspectives in Dave Eggers’s A Hologram for The King (2012), according to the postcolonial approach. Although colonialism era is over by now, colonial perspectives remain strong in some literary works. Since its advent in the second half of the twentieth century, postcolonial theory confronts colonial attitudes and experiences as colonialism has been justified in many works of Western writers and scholars who have distorted the real image of non-Europeans and non-Westerners via different means and techniques in masquerade of orientalism. Postcolonial discourse opposes the misrepresentation of non-Europeans and argues that such falsification is driven by political, social, religious and economic motives. In the current study, the researcher aims at explaining the notions of colonialism, otherization and other falsified images of non-Westerners in A Hologram for the King. This paper mainly questions Eggers’s portrayal of the protagonist, Alan Clay, who after bankruptcy and failure at home, flies to Saudi Arabia and capitalizes on the physical and moral assets of the Orientals in this country to convert his story of failure to a success. The characterization of the oriental world and its setting show Eggers’s being biased against the Eastern world and ironically mirror clear hints of colonialism and eurocentrism.
The Political Islamic Movement in Eastern Kurdistan (1979-1988), the Qur'an Office and The Khabat Organization, For Example.
Authors: Star Snawber Sardar
Published: September 2021

With the success of the Iranian People's Revolution, the political Islamic movement in eastern Kurdistan has become more and more active. At first, the Qur'an office, which was established by Ahmad Mufti Zada, was only to educate young people on the basis of Islam, but with the success of the Iranian revolution, its direction changed to national work and demand Kurdish rights against the new regime.  Later, due to the regime's negative stance on  the demands of the Kurdish people, which included self-mayor for Kurdistan within iran, looking at Kurds as non-Muslims in the early 1980s led to the creation of another Islamic organization in Eastern Kurdistan called the Islamic National Struggle Organization of Iranian Kurdistan– Khabat, which, along with other parties in eastern Kurdistan, has begun armed struggles against the regime to achieve the national rights of the Kurdish people in eastern Kurdistan.
The Pragmatism of US Foreign Policy in the Obama and Trump Administrations.
Authors: Hamad Hema Niazi
Published: September 2021

This researched has tried to analyze the philosophy of pragmatics and its development as well as applying it on the level of America’s foreign policy in the cabinet of both American Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump in a comparative way to analyze and investigate it.
     The philosophy of Pragmatics in the center of American policy had an important position in the formulation of foreign policies and decisions and its application between Barack Obama and Donald Trump’s administration, was embodied in different forms and mechanisms which understanding this political perspective and direction is helpful to increase an understanding about formulation and application of American foreign policy.
     It has been tried to answer the main question of the research within the context of this research, which is how did the main and clear difference of getting benefit from pragmatism between both Obama and Trump’s administration has reflected in the American foreign policy?  
     In the research, it was hypothesized that pragmatism was generally used in American foreign policy to protect America’s living interests and applying pragmatism between each Obama and Trump’s administration and how it is reflected in American foreign policy.
    This research has reached the conclusion that pragmatism in the era of Barak Obama’s administration has embodied itself in the form of a clever and hidden soft Power that has not ignored actors and other parties in the international arena despite the desire to protect American interests. But in Donald Trump’s era, pragmatism has applied itself in the form of hard, obvious pragmatism, economic, and political interests of America, which was the main desire to protect America’s interests.
ئەلەفۆن و ئەلۆپیت لەزمانی کوردیدا
Authors: Gharib Dilshad Mohammed , Karim Aso Abdulrahman , Abdulla Nasrin Nori
Published: September 2021

لێكۆڵینەوەکە بۆ (ئەلەفۆن و ئەلۆپیت لە زمانی کوردیی)دا تەرخانكراوە، کە تێیدا هەوڵدراوە بەشێوەیەكى پێڕەوبەندانە لە ڕوی فۆنەتیک و فۆنۆلۆژییەوە جۆراوجۆری دەربڕین و بەرجەستەکردنی هەندێک لە(فۆنێم)ەکان، لەدابەشبونی تەواوکەرانەدا بەشێوەیەکی خورتیی، یان لەجۆری ئازاددا جۆراوجۆری دەربڕینیان هەیە نیشاندراون، بەو جۆرە دەربڕینە جیاوازەنەیش دەوترێت(ئەلەفۆن). لەپاڵ ئەوەیشدا، جۆری هەندێک لە گۆڕدراوەکانی گرافێمێک دیارییکراوە، کە تایبەت نییە بە دەربڕینەوە، بەڵکو تایبەتە بەشێوەی (نوسیین/ئورسۆگرافی)یەوە. بەوواتایە، دەشێت فۆنێمێک لەدابەشبونی تەواوکەرانەدا بەشێوەیەکی خورتیی، فۆڕمێ یان زیاتری هەبێت، بەو جۆرە نوسینە جیاوازانەیش دەوترێت( ئەلۆپیت).

ڕێبازى لێکۆڵینەوەکەیش ڕێبازی ( پەسنیی - شیكاریی) بەکارهێنراوە، کە تێیدا هەندێک لە فۆنێمەکان له جێكەوتەكانی وشەی فۆنۆلۆژییدا دەستنیشانكراون، شیکردنەوەی نمونەکان بەتیۆریی و هەنگاوەکانی کارکردنی قوتابخانەی گواستنەوە جێبەجێکراوە. هەروەها لەپاڵ (ئەلفوبێی- فۆنێمی كوردیى)دا، (ئەلفوبێی - فۆنەیتیكى )یش بەكارهێنراوە. نمونەکانیش لەئاخاوتنی ڕۆژانەی ئەمڕۆی (زمانی کوردیی/دیالێکتی ناوەڕاست)ەوە وەرگیراون.
The Fraud Rules in the Letter of Credit under Jordanian Legal System
Authors: Al Amaren Emad Mohammad , Ismail Che Thalbi Bt Md. , Nor Mohd Zakhiri bin Md.
Published: September 2021

Letter of credit (L/C) has a massive role in expanding international trade operations. It is considered the most secure and stable banking service to finance foreign trade operations such as import and export. As an international contract, potential legal issues arise due to fraud practices. In this case, L/C users have to be aware of different approaches followed by domestic courts while dealing with fraud at the international level. This paper aims to identify the fraud means under the fraud rule governing L/C and its impact on Jordan's practice. By applying a qualitative and doctrinal legal approach, this paper analyses the lack of organization of the uniform customs and practice for the letter of credit (UCP No. 600). It also examines, via interviews with Jordanian judges, the perceptions of the Jordanian courts' policy regarding the fraud rule exception in L/C. The finding reveals that to protect the interests of all parties in a letter of credit transaction, Jordanian courts should extend the scope of fraud to cover sale contracts fraud in cases where bona fide holder is involved and when a confirming bank is absent, or when the credit amount has not been paid yet by the issuing bank. In respect of the bank practices, such special provisions implemented to commercial code must be issued due to the lack of legal provisions of the L/C in Jordan legislation.
Contribuições de Freire e Gramsci para pensar a EJA na Pandemia
Authors: Machado Maria Margarida , Ribeiro Renato
Published: September 2021

O artigo compartilha reflexões de estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em Goiás, no contexto da Pandemia de COVID-19, amparando-se nos pressupostos de Antonio Gramsci e Paulo Freire sobre o sujeito que aprende e o papel da educação. A partir das vozes dos educandos e educandas, em diálogo com as concepções gramscianas e freirianas, discute-se como se dá o acesso ao conhecimento historicamente produzido, no âmbito do Regime Especial de Aulas Não Presenciais (Reanp), adotado em Goiás. Os desafios e as limitações identificadas no estudo reforçam a necessidade de garantir aos estudantes da EJA acesso ao conhecimento, numa perspectiva transformadora, conscientizadora e libertadora, coadunando com uma escola “desinteressada” e não submetida aos interesses do capital.
integração das TDIC no ensino da língua portuguesa
Authors: Pereira da Silva Sobral Denson Andre
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa como as TDIC estão sendo integradas no ensino da língua portuguesa nas escolas públicas do Estado de Sergipe. Para tanto, selecionou-se, por meio da página eletrônica do Repositório Institucional do Mestrado Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS) da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (RI-UFS), um corpus composto pelas dissertações defendidas no período compreendido entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Os dados foram analisados com base nos estudos de Presky (2005), Lévy (2010) e Almeida e Valente, (2011). Os resultados apontam que o processo de integração das TDIC nas aulas de língua portuguesa ainda é lento e isolado, uma vez que as ações realizadas pelos docentes nas escolas não passam pela articulação entre TDIC, currículo, gestão escolar e políticas públicas. Além disso, a integração das TDIC no ensino da língua materna corre o risco de se encerrar nas iniciativas dos professores que as realizam, no caso, dos docentes em formação em nível de mestrado, pois, a maioria delas não tem possibilidade de serem aplicadas em outras instituições escolares do Brasil, já que não observa todas as especificidades e demandas das diferentes realidades educacionais das escolas brasileiras.
Paulo Freire en la EPJA de hoy y de los nuevos tiempos
Authors: Picón César Espinoza
Published: September 2021

Este artículo pretende explorar la actualidad del pensamiento de Paulo Freire desde tres miradas:1-la realidad latinoamericana con incidencia en la Educación de Personas Jóvenes y Adultas-Epja en contextos territoriales de desigualdades estructurales y la carencia de oportunidades educativas de los jóvenes y adultos; 2-el legado freireano  enriquece la cultura pedagógica de la educación en general y de la Epja en particular y sustenta las nuevas epistemologías emergentes de la Epja en una perspectiva transformadora; 3- impulsa la energía motivadora mediante las reflexiones críticas y propuestas sobre las políticas de la educación de personas jóvenes y adultas con sentido de nueva humanidad, dignidad humana, integralidad y justicia social. El mundo del que habla Freire no solamente es largo, sino también ancho y tremendamente desigual e injusto. Paulo Freire vive en América Latina y el Caribe y tiene una permanente actualidad en las mentes y espíritus de quienes conocen su pensamiento educativo, de quienes se atreven a aplicarlos con creación e invención. En los tres ejes temáticos de este artículo se explicita la vigencia inspiradora, indagadora, impulsora y multiplicadora del pensamiento de Paulo Freire sobre la Epja transformadora y la desafiante tarea histórica de su construcción.
Permanecer ou evadir-se?
Authors: Jezine Edineide , Prestes Emília Maria , Palmeira Robson , Diniz Adriana
Published: September 2021

O texto discute a questão da evasão e permanência em cursos de graduação do ensino superior na Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, expondo o perfil, as perspectivas para permanecer ou abdicar do curso, bem como as dificuldades e facilidades para a tomada dessa decisão por parte do alunado. A pesquisa, desenvolvida ao longo de três períodos letivos (2016.2 a 2017.1), caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de natureza longitudinal e de metodologia quantitativa. As informações empíricas acerca de 16 cursos de graduação que apresentavam os maiores e os menores índices de evasão e de permanência, abarcando todas as áreas de conhecimento, foram coletadas através de um questionário, organizado seguindo aportes de modelos teóricos relacionados com a evasão e a permanência no ensino superior. A análise dos dados possibilitou concluir que a existência de aspectos contraditórios, e ao mesmo tempo relacionais, dinamiza a evasão e/ou permanência, segundo as condições objetivas ou subjetivas do alunado, em que ocorrem as relações de sociabilidades, as condições contextuais e estruturais, as políticas e os programas de permanência voltados para minimizar os efeitos da desigualdade social na Educação Superior.
aportes de la pedagogía de Paulo Freire en la difícil tarea de la construcción del poder popular en Venezuela
Authors: Carvajal Ruiz Samuel Hilcías
Published: September 2021

El ensayo reflexiona sobre los aportes de la pedagogía de Paulo Freire en el proceso de construcción del poder popular en Venezuela. Para este propósito se realiza una breve contextualización, tomando como puntos de referencia aspectos históricos y político – culturales del país. Se exponen los principales ejes teórico – prácticos de la propuesta pedagógica freiriana y se realiza una aproximación al constructo poder popular. Concluye, en una apretada síntesis se hace un recorrido histórico – reflexivo de la evolución política y social de la sociedad venezolana, considerando los elementos más significativos de la hegemonía cultural imperante, así como las claves políticas pedagógicas que contribuyan en proceso constructivo del poder popular venezolano.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN GIDA SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNDE ETKİSİ VE FİNANSAL PERFORMANS İLE İLİŞKİ
Authors: KILINÇ Feride , ÇALIŞ Yıldırım Ercan
Published: September 2021

Covid-19 pandemisinin Gıda sektörü üzerinde etkisi ve finansal performans ile ilişkisini açıklanmak amacıyla Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören Gıda–İçecek sektörüne ait 19 firmanın 2016-2019 Covid-19 öncesi ve 2020 yılı (Covid-19 dönemi) çeyrek dönem verileri panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisinin Gıda-İçecek Sektöründe yer alan firmaların piyasa değerini pozitif yönde etkilediği, bu etki Piyasa Değeri /Defter Değeri, Dönen Varlıklar /Aktifler ve Enflasyon ile ilişkilendirilebilirken Hasılat ile anlamlı ilişki sağlanamamıştır. Borçluluk oranı ile piyasa değeri arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki elde edilmiştir.
Autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios: un estudio descriptivo
Authors: Burbano-Larrea Pablo , Basantes-Vásquez Mirian , Ruiz-Lapuerta Isabel
Published: September 2021

Entre las capacidades fundamentales con las que debe contar el ser humano para alcanzar un desarrollo exitoso a nivel personal, académico y profesional se encuentra la autorregulación del aprendizaje. Gestionar los recursos y estrategias en los procesos de construcción del conocimiento resulta indispensable. Solo de esa manera se puede planificar, ejecutar, monitorear y evaluar los desempeños y los resultados formativos orientados a las metas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la autorregulación del aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Esta investigación se desarrolló desde un enfoque cuantitativo y un nivel descriptivo, siendo un estudio de tipo trasversal. Los hallazgos encontrados permitieron concluir que dicho grupo de investigación presentan en su mayoría niveles bajos y medio bajos de autorregulación general. La autorregulación del aprendizaje presenta los siguientes factores: planificación, gestión de la cognición, gestión de la motivación, evaluación de la comprensión y gestión del contexto. En cada uno de ellos se pudo identificar niveles: bajos y medios bajos entre los estudiantes. Se encontraron resultados similares en el análisis por sexo y por nivel de formación. Al contrastar estos resultados con otros estudios se observó coincidencias y contradicciones. Lo cual señala la necesidad de profundizar la investigación de esta variable. Se sugiere generar innovaciones curriculares en la educación universitaria que permitan el desarrollo de la autorregulación de los aprendizajes a lo largo de su formación profesional.
Analyzing the transition from face-to-face to remote education: an experience in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jaramillo-Baquerizo Christian
Published: September 2021

ICT integration has become one of the most crucial areas of research in education especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. As research suggests, its integration is highly dependent on the level of competence and willingness of usage, for it is the individual who ultimately decides to integrate ICT into their learning activities. The present study focuses on graduate students and teachers’ experiences of integrating ICT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the experience of these actors can bring insight into better ways to improve the design and implementation of professional development initiatives focused on ICT integration. In this study, the perceptions from students and teachers were collected through questionnaires and interviews analyzing their experience during the drastic transition from face-to-face sessions to remote learning. Results of this study suggest that, while ICT is accepted as the best possible alternative during the first period of the transition, students and teachers perceive a limited level of competence in instructional design. These results and its implications are discussed in view of guidelines for professional development initiatives.
Leveling Up: Reminiscing on the Evolution of Gambling within the Video Game Industry
Authors: Salmon Caitlyn
Published: September 2021

This article is an expert commentary by digital artist Caitlyn Salmon, written for the Critical Indigenous Gambling Studies special issue of Critical Gambling Studies.
Concretion formation in the bladder in the result of Hem-o-lok clip migration after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors:   State Scientific Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Kyzlasov P.S. ,   Moscow, Russia, Kolpacynidi F.G. ,   State Scientific Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Moscow, Russia, Kazantsev D.V. ,   State Scientific Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Moscow, Russia, Mustafayev A.T. ,   State Scientific Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Moscow, Russia, Bokov A.I. ,   State Scientific Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Introduction. When performing laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for hemostatic purposes, polymer clips are widely used. In this case, one of the possible complications of the postoperative period is the migration of the clip into the urinary tract. We present a clinical case of the formation of concretion in the bladder as a result of migration of the Hem-o-lok clip after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. Clinical case. A clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with sclerosis of the bladder neck after surgical treatment of prostate cancer, bladder concretion formed around the Hem-o-lok clip is presented. Discussion. The world literature describes cases of clip migration into the bladder, urethra, rectumafter prostatectomy. The frequency of this complication according to the literature is less than 1% and ultrasound and cystoscopic examination is necessary for its diagnosis. Conclusions. After the robotic radical prostatectomy with Hem-o-lok clips, in the presence of dysuria, an ultrasound examination of the bladder is necessary to exclude the presence of the Hem-o-lok clip and early removal, to prevent further incrustation.
Penile rehabilitation in patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, Osadchinskii A.E. , Pavlov I.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow, Russia, Kotov S.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of the main treatment modalities for localized PCa. Erectile dysfunction (ED), being a consequence of surgical treatment, can have detrimental effects on both physical health and psychosocial status and significantly impair the quality of life of patients and their partners. The risk of ED in the postoperative period in patients undergoing RP, according to the modern literature, is about 60–70%. Materials and methods. The paper describes in detail the pathogenesis of ED after RP. The main components of penile rehabilitation (PR) and their mechanism of action are described, literature data confirming their effectiveness is presented. Results. Currently, after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, the following penile rehabilitation methods are used - the use of inhibitors of PDE-5 type, shock wave therapy, vacuum erection therapy (VED), intracavernous injections, penile prosthetics and a combination of these methods. Combined rehabilitation programs promote EF recovery after RP with better results compared to monotherapy. Conclusion. We see a perspective in the development of combined approach strategies for the rehabilitation of erectile funktion (EF) after RP. Further improvement of the surgical technique of nerve-sparing RP, as well as a deeper understanding of the implementation of the postoperative process is crucial to develop an algorithm for the EF restoration program.
OPTIMALISASI BEBAN KERJA PADA INDUSTRI MAKANAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WORKLOAD ANALYSIS (Studi Kasus pada UD. MR-Jember)
Authors: Suryaningrat Ida Bagus , Kuswardhani Nita , Hastuti Ninik Rizky
Published: September 2021

UD. MR adalah salah satu industri di Kabupaten Jember yang memproduksi makanan tradusional suwar-suwir. Saat ini, UD. MR sedang mengalami kekurangan pekerja akibat beberapa pekerja yang mengundurkan diri dari pekerjaan. Para pekerja tampak kelelahan dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaannya dikarenakan beban kerjanya yang semakin bertambah. Hal ini merupakan indikasi dari tingginya beban kerja yang diterima para pekerja. Proses produksi di UD. MR juga masih menggunakan alat-alat manual sehingga sangat membutuhkan tenaga manusia. Akibatnya, cukup banyak terdapat kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh para pekerja, seperti pencampuran rasa yang ditambahkan kurang merata, bentuk suwar-suwir yang tidak seragam dan kemasan yang kurang rapi. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengukur beban kerja dari pekerja dan menentukan jumlah tenaga kerja optimal di UD. MR. Metode penelitian yaitu WLA (Workload Analysis). WLA adalah suatu metode untuk mengukur beban kerja yang diterima pekerja selama melakukan pekerjaannya. Metode WLA membutuhkan data hasil perhitungan persentase produktif, Performance Rating dan Allowance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan Workload Analysis, beban kerja dari pekerja di bagian pemasakan, pencetakan, pemotongan, dan pengemasan 2 termasuk dalam beban kerja tinggi. Sedangkan pekerja di bagian pengemasan 1 termasuk dalam beban kerja normal. Jumlah pekerja yang optimal pada bagian pengemasan 1 sebanyak 10 orang, pengemasan 2 sebanyak 6 orang dengan tambahan insentif sebesar Rp 20.200 per orang per bulan, pemasakan sebanyak 2 dengan tambahan insentif sebesar Rp 477.490 per orang per bulan, pencetakan sebanyak 1 orang dengan tambahan insentif sebesar Rp 202.150 per orang per bulan dan pemotongan sebanyak 2 orang dengan tambahan insentif sebesar Rp 85.150 per orang per bulan.
RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA DIGESTER BIOGAS RUMAH TANGGA TIPE FLOATING TANK DENGAN SUBSTRAT KOTORAN SAPI
Authors: Haryanto Agus , Irawan Denny Sanjaya , Suharyatun Siti , Rahmawati Winda , Telaumbanua Mareli , Wisnu Febryan K. , Tamrin Tamrin , Ningrum Pelita
Published: September 2021

Digester biogas rumah tangga berpotensi menyediakan bahan bakar terbarukan pengganti LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang-bangun dan menguji kinerja digester biogas rumah tangga tipe tangki mengapung (floating tank) dengan substrat kotoran sapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat digester biogas tipe floating tank menggunakan sumur dangkal dari pasangan bata semen yang diplester (diameter-dalam 139 cm, kedalaman efektif 140 cm) sebagai digester dan tangki air kapasitas 2000 l sebagai penampung biogas. Ukuran digester didasarkan pada kebutuhan biogas untuk keperluan memasak rumah tangga dan potensi kotoran empat ekor sapi. Kinerja digester dievaluasi dari produksi biogas, komposisi biogas, dan kemampuan digester dalam mendekomposisi substrat yang dinilai dari penurunan kandungan padatan tak stabil (volatile solid, VS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu lingkungan rata-rata antara 26,97 ℃ (pagi) dan 31,97 ℃ (sore) digester bekerja pada pH rata-rata 7,7 dengan dekomposisi VS mencapai 56,3%. Dengan laju pengumpanan kotoran sapi cair 60 l/hari, produksi biogas dapat mencapai 1.300 l/hari dan produktivitas biogas mencapai 634,6 l/m3 volume aktif digester. Biogas yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas medium dengan kandungan metana (CH4) mencapai 50,28% dan nilai kalori 18,01 MJ/Nm3. Lumpur digestat berpotensi sebagai pupuk organik dengan kandungan hara N 4,55%; P 2,16%; dan K 3,89%.  Salah satu keunggulan yang sangat menonjol dari digester floating tank adalah desain yang sederhana, biaya terjangkau, dan diperkirakan akan awet, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai model untuk dikembangkan dan diadopsi.
OPTIMASI KONDISI EKSTRAKSI ULTRASONIKASI PADA VITAMIN C BUAH DELIMA (Punica granatum L.) MENGGUNAKAN RESPON PERMUKAAN
Authors: Rosalinda S. , Aulia Hilda Ayu , Widyasanti Asri , Mardawati Efri
Published: September 2021

Buah Delima (Punica granatum L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat, diantaranya memiliki kandungan antioksidan. Kandungan antioksidan dalam buah delima yang utama adalah vitamin C. Vitamin C sebagai antioksidan dibutuhkan dalam sistem imun untuk menjaga kekebalan tubuh dan juga dapat menjaga elastisitas kulit. Kandungan vitamin C dari buah delima dapat diperoleh dengan cara ekstraksi. Vitamin C tidak tahan pada suhu yang tinggi, sehingga dibutuhkan teknologi ekstraksi yang tepat. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) merupakan ekstraksi ultrasonikasi yang dipilih karena tidak menggunakan suhu yang tinggi dan waktu ekstraksi lebih singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kondisi UAE optimum yang meliputi kombinasi 3 variabel, yaitu amplitudo, waktu, dan jumlah pelarut yang menghasilkan vitamin C optimum dari ekstrak daging buah delima. Tipe alat UAE yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah tipe Qsonica – Q500 (500 W, 20 kHz). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorium menggunakan RSM (Response Surface Methodology) tipe CCD (Central Composite Design) dengan amplitudo minimum 40% dan maksimum 50%; waktu minimum 20 menit dan maksimum 25 menit; dan jumlah pelarut minimum 150 ml dan maksimum 225 ml. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa banyaknya jumlah pelarut memberikan pengaruh yang nyata, sedangkan amplitudo dan lama waktu ekstraksi tidak berpengaruh nyata. Model signifikan pada nilai P < 0,05 dengan kondisi UAE optimum pada kombinasi perlakuan amplitudo 50%, waktu 25 menit, dan jumlah pelarut 150 ml yang menghasilkan nilai kadar vitamin C optimum sebesar 47,79 mg/100 gram.