bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan dan Optimasi Kapsul Mikrosfer Ekstrak Licorice sebagai Bentuk Sediaan Oral Extended Release Kanker Payudara
Authors:   Departemen Farmasi, Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Nabilla Cahyani Farmasita , Ardiana Rachmawati ,   Departemen Farmasi, Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Uswatun Khasanah Dewi ,   Departemen Farmasi, Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Sukma Dewi Adinda ,   Departemen Farmasi, Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Rahayu Adianingsih Oktavia ,   Departemen Farmasi, Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Kanker payudara adalah kanker dengan angka kejadian tertinggi pada wanita. Protein yang terlibat dalam proses metastasis pada kanker adalah high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) dilaporkan memiliki efek farmakologi antikanker dan ekstrak etanol roasted licorice dapat mengurangi viabilitas metastasis sel kanker. Sistem penghantaran mikrosfer merupakan serbuk padat terdiri dari polimer, crosslinked, dan bahan aktif yang dapat memberikan efek terapeutik diperpanjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi kemampuan licorice menghambat protein HMGB1 melalui molecular docking study dan mengetahui konsentrasi crosslinked natrium tripolifosfat yang paling optimal dalam formula kapsul mikrosfer ekstrak licorice. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan uji in silico berupa molecular docking dan uji ADMET, formulasi kapsul mikrosfer ekstrak licorice dengan variasi konsentrasi natrium tripolifosfat 3%, 6%, dan 9%, dan uji evaluasi mutu sediaan meliputi morfologi dan ukuran, sifat alir, penetapan kandungan, organoleptik, kadar air, waktu hancur, dan keseragaman bobot. Data hasil uji evaluasi dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis melalui IBM SPSS 28.0. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni senyawa glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritin apioside, dan liquiritin berpotensi menghambat protein HMGB1, glycyrrhetic acid dan licochalcone A merupakan substrat CYP450 3A4, dan delapan senyawa merupakan substrat P-gp dengan kelas toksisitas rendah. Kemudian tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil uji ketiga formula namun konsentrasi crosslinked natrium tripolifosfat yang paling optimum dapat terlihat melalui uji evaluasi mutu sediaan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah senyawa glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritin apioside, dan liquiritin dalam licorice berpotensi menghambat HMGB1 dan formula mikrosfer yang memenuhi uji evaluasi paling baik adalah formula dengan konsentrasi natrium tripolifosfat 3%.
Gambaran Kuantitatif Antibiotik Menggunakan Metode Defined Daily Dose (DDD) Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Pada Januari-Juni 2019
Authors:   RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia, Mariana Nina , Indriyati Indriyati ,   Fakultas Farmasi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta, Indonesia, Dinar Widiantari Aninda ,   RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia, Taufik Muhammad ,   Fakultas Farmasi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta, Indonesia, Wijaya Chandra ,   RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia, Sarry Hartono Teguh ,   RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia, Oto Wijaya Surya ,   RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia, Firmansyah Iman ,   RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Latar Belakang. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dapat meminimalkan terjadinya resistensi antibiotika. selain penghematan secara ekonomi. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pemantauan dan evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik di fasilitas kesehatan dan feedback terhadap peresepan antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi secara kuantitatif penggunaan antibiotik baik jenis dan jumlah antibiotik berdasarkan klasifikasi Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) dengan pengukuran Defined Daily Dose (DDD) sebagai metode terstandar pengukuran kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif, menggunakan rancangan potong lintang pada periode Januari-Juni 2019 pada RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso. Kriteria inklusi berupa kasus pasien dewasa bukan kasus TB yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap non ICU dan penggunaan antibiotiknya masuk ke dalam klasifikasi Anatomical Therapueutic Chemical (ATC). Berdasarkan data rekam medik terkumpul dalam lembar pengumpul data. Hasil. Sebanyak 96 status rekam medik dengan 51 kasus penyakit infeksi non bedah dan 45 kasus infeksi bedah yang menggunakan antibiotik. Difteri merupakan kasus infeksi non bedah terbanyak yaitu 10.5%. Distribusi penggunaan antibiotik golongan beta laktam kombinasi inhibitor betalaktamase sebanyak 37.28%, golongan sefalosporin 33.90%, golongan penisilin sebanyak 10,17%. Berdasarkan nilai DDD/patient day antibiotik Penicillin Prokain memiliki nilai tertiggi yaitu sebesar 97.22 dan nilai DDD/patient day terendah yaitu pada antibiotik meropenem yaitu sebesar 0.22. Kesimpulan. Pada penelitian ini, kuantitas antibiotik berdasarkan nilai DDD/100 patient day tertinggi adalah Penisilin Prokain, seiring dengan difteri sebagai kasus penyakit infeksi non bedah terbanyak pada periode Januari-Juni 2019. Mengingat penelitian dilakukan pada saat kejadian luar biasa difteri, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada periode berikutnya sebagai data pembanding kuantitas antibiotik di masa depan.
‘Thinking Ontologically’: Ontology Development as the Basis for the Systematic Analysis of a Corpus of Late Antique Aramaic Magic Texts
Authors: Walker Hatty
Published: January 2022

This article describes the process of developing an ontology of the domain of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic magic bowls and offers some reflections on its significance in the analysis of these materials. Examples are highlighted to illustrate where the work builds on existing conceptualisations of the domain in secondary literature and where magical and religious materials from the Ancient Near East might stimulate some specialised extension of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (ICOM/CIDOC Documentation Standards Group, 2020). The analogy of ‘bridge building’ is offered as a way for humanities researchers to conceive of the work to produce ontologies of specific domains. This reflection is intended to capture the experience of ‘thinking ontologically’ about sources for the first time and of overcoming misconceptions about the nature and significance of this work.
Teaching Digital Editions of the Bible and Ancient Sources. A Reflection
Authors: Moore James
Published: January 2022

This pedagogical article presents an example of how one can teach novice students to build and to work with their own digital editions of ancient sources. It discusses modern approaches to digital editions and promotes teaching SQL databases in ancient studies programs. It provides a detailed guide on how one can structure a student database that will be beneficial to students of all levels and disciplines.
Cost and Effort Considerations for the Development of Intervention Studies Using Mobile Health Platforms: Pragmatic Case Study
Authors: Thorpe Dan , Fouyaxis John , Lipschitz Jessica M , Nielson Amy , Li Wenhao , Murphy Susan A , Bidargaddi Niranjan
Published: January 2022

Background

The research marketplace has seen a flood of open-source or commercial mobile health (mHealth) platforms that can collect and use user data in real time. However, there is a lack of practical literature on how these platforms are developed, integrated into study designs, and adopted, including important information around cost and effort considerations.

Objective

We intend to build critical literacy in the clinician-researcher readership into the cost, effort, and processes involved in developing and operationalizing an mHealth platform, focusing on Intui, an mHealth platform that we developed.

Methods

We describe the development of the Intui mHealth platform and general principles of its operationalization across sites.

Results

We provide a worked example in the form of a case study. Intui was operationalized in the design of a behavioral activation intervention in collaboration with a mental health service provider. We describe the design specifications of the study site, the developed software, and the cost and effort required to build the final product.

Conclusions

Study designs, researcher needs, and technical considerations can impact effort and costs associated with the use of mHealth platforms. Greater transparency from platform developers about the impact of these factors on practical considerations relevant to end users such as clinician-researchers is crucial to increasing critical literacy around mHealth, thereby aiding in the widespread use of these potentially beneficial technologies and building clinician confidence in these tools.
Detection and Classification of Skin Lesions using Probability Map-based Region Growing with BA-KNN Classifier (Preprint)
Authors: S Sivaraj , Malmathanraj Dr.R.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Melanoma is one of the most hazardous existing diseases, and is a kind of threatening pigmented skin lesion. Appropriate automated diagnosis of skin lesions and the categorization of melanoma may be exceptionally enhancing premature identification of melanomas.

OBJECTIVE

However, Models of categorization based on deterministic skin lesion may influence multi-dimensional nonlinear problem provokes inaccurate and ineffective categorization. This research presents a novel hybrid BA-KNN classification approach for pigmented skin lesions in dermoscopy images.

METHODS

In the first step, the skin lesion is preprocessed via automatic preprocessing algorithm together with a fusion hair detection and removal strategy. Also, a new probability map based region growing and optimal thresholding algorithm is integrated in this system to enhance the rate of accuracy.

RESULTS

Moreover, to attain better efficacy, an estimate of ABCD as well as geometric features are considered during the feature extraction to describe the malignancy of the lesion.

CONCLUSIONS

The evaluation of the experiment reveals the efficiency of the proposed approach on dermoscopy images with better accuracy
Investigating #covidnurse Messages on TikTok: Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yalamanchili Bhavya , Donelle Lorie , Jurado Leo-Felix , Fera Joseph , Basch Corey H
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

During a time of high stress and decreased social interaction, nurses have turned to social media platforms like TikTok as an outlet for expression, entertainment, and communication.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this cross-sectional content analysis study is to describe the content of videos with the hashtag #covidnurse on TikTok, which included 100 videos in the English language.

METHODS

At the time of the study, this hashtag had 116.9 million views. Each video was coded for content-related to what nurses encountered and were feeling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS

Combined, the 100 videos sampled received 47,056,700 views; 76,856 comments; and 5,996,676 likes. There were 4 content categories that appeared in a majority (>50) of the videos: 83 showed the individual as a nurse, 72 showed the individual in professional attire, 58 mentioned/suggested stress, 55 used music, and 53 mentioned/suggested frustration. Those that mentioned stress and those that mentioned frustration received less than 50% of the total views (n=21,726,800, 46.17% and n=16,326,300, 34.69%, respectively). Although not a majority, 49 of the 100 videos mentioned the importance of nursing. These videos garnered 37.41% (n=17,606,000) of the total views, 34.82% (n=26,759) of the total comments, and 23.85% (n=1,430,213) of the total likes. So, despite nearly half of the total videos mentioning how important nurses are, these videos received less than half of the total views, comments, and likes.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media and increasingly video-related online messaging such as TikTok are important platforms for social networking, social support, entertainment, and education on diverse topics, including health in general and COVID-19 specifically. This presents an opportunity for future research to assess the utility of the TikTok platform for meaningful engagement and health communication on important public health issues.
Understanding Design Approaches and Evaluation Methods in mHealth applications Targeting Substance Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kunchay Sahiti , Linden-Carmichael Ashley , Lanza Stephanie , Abdullah Saeed
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Substance use and use disorders in the US have had significant and devastating impacts on individuals and communities, and the escalating substance use crisis calls for urgent and innovative solutions to effectively detect and provide interventions for individuals in times of need. Recent mHealth-based approaches offer promising new opportunities to address these issues through ubiquitous devices. However, the design rationale, theoretical framing, and the mechanisms through which users' perspectives and experiences guide the design and deployment of such systems have not been analyzed in any prior systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we systematically review these approaches and applications for their feasibility, efficacy, and usability. Further, we evaluate whether human-centered research principles and techniques guide the design and development of these systems, and examine how the current state-of-art systems apply to real-world contexts. In an effort to gauge the applicability of these systems, we also investigate whether these approaches consider the effects of stigma and the privacy concerns related to collecting data on substance use. Lastly, we examine persistent challenges in the design and large-scale adoption of substance use intervention applications and draw inspiration from other domains of mHealth to suggest actionable reforms into the design and deployment of these applications.

METHODS

Four databases (PubMed, IEEE, JMIR and ACM DL) were searched over a five-year period (2016 - 2021) for articles evaluating connected mHealth approaches for substance use (alcohol use, marijuana use, opioid use, tobacco use, and substance co-use). Articles that will be included describe an mHealth detection or intervention targeting substance use and provided outcomes data and a discussion of design techniques and user perspectives. Independent evaluation will be conducted by one author, followed by secondary reviewer(s) who will check and validate themes and data.

RESULTS

This is a protocol for a systematic review, therefore results are not yet available. We are currently in the process of selecting the studies for inclusion in the final analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to assess real-world applicability, scalability, and use of human-centered design and evaluation techniques in mHealth approaches targeting substance use. This study is expected to identify gaps in current substance use detection and intervention mHealth technologies and inform and motivate future development of such systems.
Bilingual or “Bye-Lingual”? An Analysis and Discussion of Bilingual Education Mode in China and the US
Authors: Guan Zichen
Published: January 2022

This article compares bilingual education mode in two countries: China and the US. For China, the bilingual education been analysed includes mandarin and ethnic minority languages, Chinese and English. Extant research on bilingual education tends to focus on one country whilst there is a paucity of papers comparing various kinds of bilingual education. In this paper, by using the systematic review method, the differences and similarities of bilingual education mode in these two countries are been discussed and the tensions, as well as opportunities of bilingual education behind these two countries is explored. This paper ends a call for non-English native speaking EFL/ESL teachers to see their first language as an asset for developing bilingual education worldwide.
THE EFFECT OF OLIVE WASTES FOR POULTRY FEED ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS: A review
Authors: Yeniçeri Mikail , Filik Ayşe Gül , Filik Gökhan
Published: January 2022

The increasing demand for animal products has increased the demand of feed ingredients around the world. However, the decrease in natural resources, cultivated lands, and resulted in continuous supply of feed ingredients. For this reason, studies on alternative feed ingredients are the main interest of scientists. Olive industry by products are one of the major environmental pollutant and these by-products could be potential alternative feed ingredients for livestock /poultry industry. Studies have reported that the reuse of olive by-products in broiler feeding has an impact on environmental, economic and growth performance. Current review will provide the information that olive industry by-products can be used efficiently in broiler feeding. It will also contribute to the elimination of environmental problems caused by the breakdown of such wastes in the environment. However, maintaining the nutritional value, preservation methods and feed incorporation level in order to include these unconventional feed sources in the diet of farm animals is another problem that needs to be studied. This study will provide the evidence that olive industry by-products not only will increase the growth performance of broilers, but increase the olive industry profit and reduce environmental pollution. Keywords: leaves, olive, pomace, pulp, waste recycling.
Representando las disoluciones en el contexto de las bebidas gaseosas
Authors: Cañero-Arias Joaquín , Blanco-López Ángel , Oliva Martínez José María
Published: January 2022

Las disoluciones constituyen un núcleo conceptual importante para el aprendizaje de la química. Además, su estudio contextualizado desde la realidad próxima al alumnado, y a través de prácticas de modelización, puede ayudarlos a mejorar el interés por la química. Es por ello que, hemos elegido las bebidas gaseosas como contexto para estudiar las disoluciones en el aula, dentro del marco de una investigación que ensaya, implementa y evalúa una unidad didáctica (UD) que combina estrategias de contextualización y modelización. En concreto, en este artículo se pretende caracterizar las representaciones finales que utilizan estudiantes de 15 años, con objeto de detectar dificultades y obstáculos a tener en cuenta para mejorar dicha unidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la necesidad de mejorar el desempeño del alumnado para representar, a nivel submicroscópico, los ingredientes constituyentes, particularmente del agua y del dióxido de carbono en la disolución, e intensificar las conexiones existentes entre las representaciones a este nivel y las propiedades de la disolución. Los resultados también proporcionan un indicador del potencial y de las limitaciones de la UD empleada para favorecer la construcción en los estudiantes de un modelo de la disolución acorde con el de la ciencia escolar.
Seismic and Wind Analysis of RCC Building with Different Shape of Shear Wall and Without Shear Wall
Authors: Bage Bayi
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In India, about 50-60% of the total area is vulnerable to the seismic activity. Earthquakes are the vibrations or the motion of the ground due to release of energy. The vibrations or ground motion are the important factors to analyze and design, the earthquake resistant structure. So, to reduce the impact of earthquake different efforts has been done in this field. Basically, earthquake exerts lateral as well as vertical forces so to dissipate those forces and the vibration in system earthquake resistant structure has been design. The design of earthquake resistant structures depends on providing stiffness, strength and inelastic deformation which withstand the earthquake forces. As the height of the structure increases the lateral loads acted on the structure increases and decrease in the stiffness, so to counteract those shear walls and different damping devices has been used. Keywords: IS Code 1892-Part-1:2016; U - Section, Z- Section, H-Section, T-Section
Cyber Security Frameworks
Authors: Singh Arunabh
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In this paper we attempt to explain and establish certain frameworks that can be assessed for implementing security systems against cyber-threats and cyber-criminals. We give a brief overview of electronic signature generation procedures which include its validation and efficiency for promoting cyber security for confidential documents and information stored in the cloud. We strictly avoid the mathematical modelling of the electronic signature generation process as it is beyond the scope of this paper, instead we take a theoretical approach to explain the procedures. We also model the threats posed by a malicious hacker seeking to induce disturbances in the functioning of a power transmission grid via the means of cyber-physical networks and systems. We use the strategy of a load redistribution attack, while clearly acknowledging that the hacker would form its decision policy on inadequate information. Our research indicate that inaccurate admittance values often cause moderately invasive cyber-attacks that still compromise the grid security, while inadequate capacity values result in comparatively less efficient attacks. In the end we propose a security framework for the security systems utilised by companies and corporations at global scale to conduct cyber-security related operations. Keywords: Electronic signature, Key pair, sequence modelling, hacker, power transmission grid, Threat response, framework.
Digital Literacy for Hizbul Wathan Scout Movement Cadres in Batu City
Authors: Azhar Yufis , Faiqurahman Mahar , Suharso Wildan
Published: January 2022

Related to human resource development, Indonesia will take the advantage of demographics bonus in 2030-2040, which is the productive age of the Indonesian population is greater than the non productive age. Certainly, this becomes a challenge for Indonesian people to develop the human resources who are ready to face 4.0 Industry era, so that the good insight and abilities in digital literacy, which is the basic knowledge of the 4.0 Industry, are needed for young generation today. This is crucial considering the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is very vulnerable to be misused, so it will not give benefit to the country. Hizbul Wathan (HW), one of the scouting organization, which develop the young generation, expected to play an active role in the development of 4.0 Industry era, so that the knowledge and skill in the field of ICT is absolutely needed. By this community service activity, we have given insight and deep knowledge about digital literacy to the Hisbul Wathan Scouting Organization, especially for Regional Quarters of Batu City members.
Identificación del estilo de la música tradicional de Nonoava, Chihuahua
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Montes Lara Mario
Published: January 2022

En el estado de Chihuahua existen expresiones musicales que adquieren una identificación con su sociedad y su cultura. Tal es el caso del estilo musical Nonoava, que desde hace más de cien años surgió en la sierra de Chihuahua, y que sigue aún vigente. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad el rescate y promoción de la identidad musical de la región serrana de Nonoava. La identidad musical de dicho pueblo será revalorada a través de un trabajo de investigación de corte histórico-cultural, a través de la reflexión de la revisión de literatura regional y entrevistas con historiadores y músicos chihuahuenses del estilo. Se tiene como supuesto, que es en el pueblo de Nonoava, Chihuahua, donde se logra una cierta cristalización de la estética musical formada en la Revolución Mexicana. Sin embargo, la difusión de la música de Nonoava ha sido escasa. Este primer acercamiento pretende encontrar piezas claves de esta música.
New year, new editorial team
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: January 2022

In this Editorial, I reflect on my time as Editor in Chief of JCOM and thank the community of scholars and practitioners who have helped to ensure the success of JCOM by generously contributing their time as reviewers, as well as authors and readers. This community has made my time as Editor in Chief rewarding and informative, as I have learned more and more about our diverse field. I am sure that JCOM will continue to grow and develop under the directorship of Michelle Riedlinger and Marina Joubert.
Calles y casas de Santa María de la Antigua del Darién
Authors: Quintero Agámez Carolina , Sarcina Alberto
Published: January 2022

En 1510 se fundó la primera ciudad española en Tierra Firme sobre un poblado indígena llamado Darién, de habla cueva, en el lado occidental del golfo de Urabá. Esta ciudad, a la que los europeos llamaron Santa María de la Antigua del Darién, se convirtió cuatro años después en la capital de Castilla del Oro y llegó a tener aproximadamente 5 000 habitantes entre españoles e indígenas. La ciudad contaba con iglesia catedral, plaza principal, hospital, plaza de abastos, Casa de la Contratación, monasterio de San Francisco y cárcel, entre otras edificaciones. De los resultados de las excavaciones arqueológicas se ha podido identificar la ubicación de la ciudad y de sus diferentes fundaciones, sin embargo, no se cuenta con un plano de la época que permita entender con precisión su distribución. Este artículo tiene como objetivo empezar a entender la conformación urbanística, el desarrollo y la vida en esta ciudad, por medio de fuentes históricas.
La batería de San Francisco de Paula de la plaza de San Juan de Puerto Rico: análisis del modelo arquitectónico, siglos XVIII y XIX
Authors: Hinarejos Martín Nuria
Published: January 2022

El objeto de este artículo es contribuir a la aportación de una información detallada acerca de la batería de San Francisco de Paula, fortificación construida en el lado sureste de la ciudad de San Juan de Puerto Rico, para evitar posibles desembarcos enemigos en este sector. Son muy pocos los autores que mencionan esta obra y se desconoce el momento exacto de su construcción, aunque varias fuentes gráficas y documentales localizadas en el Archivo General Militar de Madrid, el Archivo Histórico Nacional y el Archivo General de Puerto Rico, analizadas para este estudio, permiten constatar que fue levantada a finales del siglo XVIII por el ingeniero militar, de origen español, Juan Francisco Mestre.
Frustraciones imperiales en la franja del Caribe occidental: Robert Hodgson y el Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada a finales siglo XVIII
Authors: Vidal Ortega Antonino , Román Romero Raúl
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo analiza las dinámicas sociales y políticas que se produjeron en el contexto de las disputas imperiales entre ingleses y españoles en las costas de la Mosquitia y los territorios adyacentes, ubicados en el Caribe occidental, a finales del siglo XVIII. Se analiza cómo a pesar de los planes ingleses de tomar el control del río San Juan para establecer una ruta entre el Caribe y el Pacífico centroamericano, estos fracasaron por los intereses disímiles y las tensiones entre los militares de la armada inglesa y las autoridades de Jamaica. En estas tensiones se destacó el militar inglés Robert Hodgson, quien desempeñó un papel importante, primero como parte de la armada inglesa y luego como prisionero y negociador con los españoles. Además, se examina el rol de la inteligencia militar de los marinos españoles y la actuación del Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada, liderado por el virrey Caballero y Góngora, con miras a frustrar cualquier proyecto inglés sobre Centroamérica.
Los capuchinos hispanos y sus misiones americanas durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII
Authors: Hernández Anel
Published: January 2022

La llegada de los frailes capuchinos a América estuvo precedida por sus experiencias misionales en el Congo a mediados del siglo XVII. Desde el punto de vista apostólico, fue también la primera experiencia de misión frente a infieles, ya que la ofmcap hasta entonces se había dedicado a la conversión de herejes en Europa. Historias cruzadas entrelazan estos hechos con la primera misión de capuchinos al Darién y, posteriormente a Cumaná. De las plumas de fray Juan de Oviedo y de José Carabantes, nos enteramos de cómo fue el desarrollo de ambas misiones transatlánticas.
Analisis Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga Selama Pandemi Covid –19 di Bandung
Authors: Ghassani Dhaifina , Ernah Ernah
Published: January 2022

Kota Bandung merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan yang baik jika dilihat dari pengeluaran rumah tangganya. Menurut data Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2018 dan 2019, rata-rata lebih dari 60% pengeluaran rumah tangga di Kota Bandung didominasi oleh pengeluaran non pangan. Terjadinya pandemi covid-19 membuat masyarakat banyak yang mengalami penurunan pendapatan yang akan berdampak pada tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat yang menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik serta pengeluaran rumah tangga responden penerima bantuan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Cipamokolan, Kecamatan Rancasari, Kota Bandung, pada bulan Februari-Maret 2021. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan pengeluaran rumah tangga responden penerima bantuan sesuai tahapan keluarga sejahtera menurut Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN)selama pandemi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan, berusia 41-50 tahun, pendidikan terakhir SMA, tidak bekerja dan memiliki 4-6 anggota keluarga. Pengeluaran rumah tangga keluarga sejahtera I dan keluarga sejahtera II didominasi oleh pengeluaran pangan sebanyak 58,4% dan 56,3% dari total pengeluaran, sementara pengeluaran rumah tangga keluarga sejahtera III didominasi oleh pengeluaran non pangan sebanyak 50,8% dari total pengeluaran. Pengeluaran pangan tertinggi pada keluarga sejahtera I dan II yaitu kelompok beras, telur dan ayam sedangkan pengeluaran pangan tertinggi keluarga sejahtera III yaitu kelompok beras, sayur dan buah. Pengeluaran non pangan keluarga sejahtera I, II, dan III didominasi oleh pengeluaran listrik dan pulsa.
RESPON IMUN HOSPES TERHADAP INFEKSI Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Guli Musjaya, M
Published: January 2022

The immune sistem is a way of the body’s defense sistem to save the host from the invasion of outside pathogen. Based on how respon to disease, that differentiated into two immune system are innate and adaptive system. Because it an cant throgh the stomach, these pathogenic bacteria go to the small intestin as a site infection. In the intestine, V. cholerae bactesia adhere and colonize and invasion to intestinal epihelial cells. Protection mechanism  to V. cholerae are the natural defense presence of tick mucosa on the surface of epithelial cells can  inhibit pathogene to adhere tointestinal epithelial cells. One anothet defense namely innate immune system did by phagocytic cells to attac pathogen agent and adaptive immune system involves IgA to opsonization so that can increase intestinal mucosal immune system
PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DENGAN KOMPOSISI MIKROORGANISME YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN
Authors: Cahyani Amalia Puji` , Paserang Asri Pirade , Ananda Meryany , Harso Wahyu
Published: January 2022

Biofertilizer can be used to replace chemical fertilizer so that soil quality is maintained and soil pollution can be avoided. The study aimed to determine the effect of biofertilizers with different compositions of microorganisms on the growth of maize plants. The research was carried out in a greenhouse. Maize plants were fertilized by two kinds of biofertilizers with different compositions of microorganisms. The first biofertilizer contained  Azotobacter sp,  Azospirillum sp,  Rhizobium sp,  Trichoderma sp,  and Lactobacillus sp, and the second biofertilizer contained Strenotrophomonas sp. and  Paenibacillus polymyxa. As controls, maize plants were fertilized by sterilized those biofertilizers. The results showed that the second biofertilizer increased the dry weight of the maize plant. Meanwhile, the first biofertilizer did not increase it. Several things must be considered in the application of biofertilizers, such as the composition of microorganisms, type of plant, level of fertilization, and the method of applying fertilizer to the plant.
Community assembly and metaphylogeography of soil biodiversity: insights from haplotype-level community DNA metabarcoding within an oceanic island
Authors: Andujar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , López Heriberto , Arjona Yurena , Pérez-Delgado Antonio , Oromí Pedro , Vogler Alfried , Emerson Brent
Published: January 2022

Most of our understanding of island diversity comes from the study of
aboveground systems, while the patterns and processes of diversification
and community assembly for belowground biotas remain poorly understood.
Here we take advantage of a relatively young and dynamic oceanic island
to advance our understanding of eco-evolutionary processes driving
community assembly within soil mesofauna. Using whole organism community
DNA (wocDNA) metabarcoding and the recently developed metaMATE pipeline,
we have generated spatially explicit and reliable haplotype-level DNA
sequence data for soil mesofaunal assemblages sampled across the four
main habitats within the island of Tenerife. Community ecological and
metaphylogeographic analyses have been performed at multiple levels of
genetic similarity, from haplotypes to species and supraspecific
groupings. Broadly consistent patterns of local-scale species richness
across different insular habitats have been found, whereas local insular
richness is lower than in continental settings. Our results reveal an
important role for niche conservatism as a driver of insular community
assembly of soil mesofauna, with only limited evidence for habitat
shifts promoting diversification. Furthermore, support is found for a
fundamental role of habitat in the assembly of soil mesofauna, where
habitat specialism is mainly due to colonisation and the establishment
of preadapted species. Hierarchical patterns of distance decay at the
community level and metaphylogeographical analyses support a pattern of
geographic structuring over limited spatial scales, from the level of
haplotypes through to species and lineages, as expected for taxa with
strong dispersal limitations. Our results demonstrate the potential for
wocDNA metabarcoding to advance our understanding of biodiversity.
Partition among niche and neutral explanations for metacommunity patterns of fish from Cerrado streams
Authors: Vieira Thiago Bernardi , Silva Liriann Chrisley Da , Silva Jessica , Casatti Lilian , Romero Renato de , Garro Francisco Leonardo , Aquino Pedro , Pompeu Paulo Santos , Marco Paulo De
Published: January 2022

The Species-Sorting concept, one of the models developed to explain
patterns in metacommunity structure, suggests that relationships between
biological communities and environmental conditions is the basic means
of the species selection processes. A second concept is Neutral Theory,
and the idea of neutral dynamics underpinning metacommunity structure,
cannot be overlooked. The third mechanism is the Mass-Effect concept,
that focuses on the interaction between environmental condition and
neutral effects. In the present study, we partitioned fish communities
in streams between niche and neutral theory concepts, identifying the
best representation of metacommunity structure, and assessed if linear
and hydrographic distance were equivalent in the representation of
neutral processes. The result points to the importance of species
sorting mechanisms in structuring fish communities with neutral
processes best represented by the linear distances. These results are
important for the fish fauna conservation leading to three
considerations: (i) the variation of the landscape and habitat is
important for the stream fish, (ii) the natural barriers are an
important landscape component to be considered, and (iii) the artificial
barriers (dams and impoundments) need to be planned taking in account
the catchment basin as the landscape unit.
Variability of seedling survival and growth of different black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones in the floodplain conditions of the Great War Island
Authors: Nonic Marina , Maksimovic Filip , Devetakovic Jovana , Kerkez-Jankovic Ivona , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana
Published: January 2022

Black poplar (Popuius nigra L.) belongs to endangered species of Serbia that
grow in wetlands. This research was conducted on the Great War Island, which
is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, in Belgrade.
This research aimed to determine the survival rate and growth dynamics of
seedlings of different black poplar clones in the first year after planting
in the flood conditions of the Great War Island. Recording of surviving
seedlings and measurements of heights and diameters were performed in 2019,
firstly in the spring (April IB, 2019), the second time during the summer
(July IS, 2019), after the flooding period, and the third time in the autumn
(October 4,2019), at the end of the vegetation period. The results of
descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and
cluster analysis are presented in this paper. Based on the obtained results,
the highest survival rate after the flooding period was recorded in clone
number 9 (85.70%), in which 78.60% of seedlings survived at the end of the
vegetation period. It can be stated that the seedlings of black poplar clone
number 9, based on a high survival rate, have the potential to be used for
afforestation of wetlands, such as the Great War Island. However, the
seedlings of this clone showed significantly lower values of measured
heights and diameters, compared to the seedlings of most clones and mostly
the seedlings were damaged. On the other hand, seedlings of clone 3 were
superior based on the mean values of heights and diameters, obtained after
the measurements in all three periods, including the period after flooding.
Seedlings of this clone had a satisfactory survival rate, but it was
constantly declining. Clone number 1 showed the lowest results, both in
terms of survival at the end of the vegetation period and in terms of mean
heights and diameters of seedlings. When using this species, special
attention should be paid to preserving the gene pool and avoiding the
establishment of commercial monoclonal plantations, especially in protected
areas such as the Landscape of Outstanding Features "Great War Island".
Properties of the northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) wood determined by fractometric measurements - preliminary results
Authors: Zivanovic Ivana , Jovanovic Filip , Surjanac Nenad , Todorovic Nebojsa , Milic Goran
Published: January 2022

This study presents preliminary results of the basic properties of the
northern red oak wood as well as the relationship between the properties of
the core samples obtained on the live tree and the tested properties. The
core samples 5 mm in diameter were extracted from the tree and used for
determining the fractometer properties: compressive strength parallel to
grain, radial bending strength and braking angle. Using descriptive
statistics and multiple regression, the relationship between fractometric
parameters and basic physical and mechanical properties of wood determined
by destructive methods (wood density, compressive strength in parallel with
fibers and bending properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity).
The obtained values of the examined properties of northern red oak are
within the limits of the literature data. Statistical analysis has shown
that radial bending strength cannot be used as a reliable fractometric
parameter in assessing wood quality. On the other hand, the obtained results
suggest that the relationship between the other two parameters (compressive
strength parallel to grain and fracture angle) and the properties of the
northern red oak wood can be successfully described using the multiple
regression models (coefficient of determination ranged from 0.945 to 0.990).
Contribution to methods and techniques of scientific research: Structure of the scientific research report - 2. Methods and data collection and processing
Authors: Rankovic Nenad
Published: January 2022

This part of the presentation, related to the structure of the research
report, is devoted to the part that covers the presentation of applied
methods and techniques in the research, as well as the presentation of the
basic data, the methods of preparation for their processing and the
processing techniques themselves. This means that there are practically two
intercon?nected units. On one side is a description of the methods,
techniques and protocols used to gain new knowledge related to the chosen
research problem, and on the other is elementary data, which was used and
processed according to the selected methods.
Mechanical Properties of Bisacryl-, Composite-, and Ceramic-resin Restorative Materials
Authors: Sulaiman TA , Suliman AA , Mohamed EA , Rodgers B , Altak A , Johnston WM
Published: January 2022

Objective

Resin-based materials used in restorative dentistry are introduced at a fast pace with limited knowledge about their properties. Comparing properties of these materials from different restorative categories is lacking but can help the clinician in material selection. This study aimed to compare mechanical properties and wear resistance of bis-acryl-, composite-, and ceramic-resin restorative materials.

Methods and Materials

Bisacryl-resin (Bis-R, LuxaCrown, DMG), composite-resin (Com-R, Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M Oral Care), and ceramic-resin (Cer-R, Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik) specimens were prepared for mechanical tests: fracture toughness (FT) with and without initial thermomechanical loading using a mastication simulator, flexural strength (FS), and flexural modulus (FM), compressive strength (CS), and volumetric wear loss measurement. The datasets for FT and wear resistance were each analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons or Tukey testing as appropriate. The datasets for FS, FM, and CS were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test.

Results

Analysis of FS, FM, and CS showed significant differences between materials, with all pairwise comparisons between materials showing significance. Analysis of FT resulted in a significant interaction between the material and treatment, with analysis of wear loss showing a significant interaction between the material and the number of cycles.

Conclusions

Cer-R demonstrated superior FT, CS, and wear resistance compared to Bis-R and Comp-R materials. Fracture toughness of Bis-R increased after thermomechanical loading.
Smart Culture in Smart City Policies: A Case of Yogyakarta City
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The concept of developing Smart Cities in Yogyakarta is different from the development of Smart Cities in other cities. The Smart City of Yogyakarta is under the big idea of Smart Culture, divided into two fields, namely Smart Education and Smart Tourism. This big concept was taken because Yogyakarta is very thick with its Culture and is known as an education city and tourism city. The idea of Smart Culture is expected to touch all aspects of the lives of the citizens of Yogyakarta that are inseparable from the six basic principles of developing Smart Cities. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data survey was conducted using a questionnaire to the civil servant in Yogyakarta City. The survey results will be analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study are divided into two components, namely Tangible and Intangible Culture. This Smart Culture's primary purpose is to make Tangible and Intangible Culture in Yogyakarta City survive and excel. Smart Culture in the city of Yogyakarta acts as an umbrella that underlies the development and other intelligent programs such as smart education and smart Culture. These two components are revealed to be critical projects that can be included in short and medium-term programs on smart education or smart tourism related to Culture. Other findings show that tangible Culture and intangible Culture have a significant influence on smart Culture development.
Micro Small-Level Enterprises (MSES) and Cooperatives in Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021
Authors: Ferdinand Adam Khafi , Amrullah Rinaldy
Published: January 2022

Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning amendment the Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 (Presidential Regulation 12/2021) was the government efforts for micro small-level enterprises (MSEs) and cooperatives to be involved in the public procurement of goods and services. However, it still needs to be anticipated because there are always irregularities that usually occur, namely corruption. This research aims to determine how the amendment of the public procurement regulation in the Presidential Regulation 12/2021 especially for MSEs and cooperatives, and also how to assess the Presidential Regulation 12/2021 can reduce the potential for corruption in the process of public procurement. This research uses a normative method with a comparative approach and a statutory approach. The results of this research indicate the Presidential Regulation 12/2021 are the elimination of medium-level enterprises, the government's obligation to allocate a minimum budget of 40%, and also increase the budget ceiling for MSEs and cooperatives up to IDR 15 billion. E-Procurement for MSEs and cooperatives still has the potential for corruption, but with the new policy in the form of competency certification, and if there is an increase in regulations from the National Procurement Board (LKPP) in terms of provider qualifications, procurement can produce quality and efficient products.

 Keywords: Cooperatives, Potential of Corruption, Presidential Regulation 12/2021, Government’s Procurement Goods and Services, Small-Level Enterprises (MSEs)
Views and Anxiety Levels of University Students Regarding Distance Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uzun Şahin Ceyda , Serbest Baz Ayşe Nur
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to identify the views and anxiety levels of university students regarding distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of the students studying at seven health-related departments at two state universities in Turkey. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The results revealed that 50.2% of the students were first-year students, 30% were studying at the first and emergency aid program, 79.3% had a medium-income level, 50.1% lived in a metropolitan area, and 83% had a nuclear family. 50.9% of the students were satisfied with the distance education system, 52.1% found the lessons given through the distance education method partially understandable, 46.7% found the lecturing styles partially plain and understandable, and 72.7% had exam anxiety. The SAI score of the students was found to be 59.0±5.30 (range 29–73), and 52.8% of them had a moderate anxiety level. While the level of anxiety in students varied significantly according to gender, department, and family income, no significant difference was found among the participants in terms of age, year of study, family type, place of residence, and the presence of chronic and psychological illnesses. The anxiety scores of those who were not satisfied with the distance education, who experienced exam anxiety, who understood the online lessons partially, and who attended the lessons were found to be significantly higher. The study demonstrated that university students experienced anxiety about distance education and exams during the Covid-19 pandemic.