bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of recombinant anti-herpes zoster vaccination in people living with HIV: a single-center experience
Authors: Trentacapilli Benedetta , Raccagni Angelo Roberto , Diotallevi Sara , Nozza Silvia , Lolatto Riccardo , D’Amelio Anna Carole , Catalano Gaia , Ponta Giacomo , Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Cernuschi Massimo , Gianotti Nicola , Castagna Antonella , Canetti Diana
Published: February 2025

People living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk of herpes zoster (HZ). The recombinant anti-HZ vaccine (RZV), approved by European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2018, has been shown to be effective and safe in PLWH. This study aims to describe the implementation of RZV in our center. Prospective cohort study on PLWH in care at the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, receiving RZV between January 2022 and October 2023. To establish three priority criteria for identifying three groups among PLWH and to implement a proactive approach by offering immediate on-site vaccination during routine HIV medical visits. The three priority criteria identified were PLWH older than 65 years, PLWH had at least one previous episode of HZ, and PLWH had a CD4+ T lymphocytes count <200 cells/microL. Among the 599 PLWH vaccinated, 287 (48%) belonged to the Priority Group. The prioritization strategy facilitated the immunization program. The different implementation strategies showed different degrees of success. On-site vaccination during routine HIV medical examinations and prioritization of specific groups are effective strategies to increase vaccine uptake. We believe that collaboration between motivated clinicians and individuals paves the way for opportunities for prevention. These methods are crucial for ensuring effective prevention as new vaccines are introduced.
Space Debris Sky Survey Observation Strategy Based on HEALPix and Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Liu Shuqi , Hu Shaoming , Du Junju , Cao Hai , Zhang Bo , Jiang Yuchen , Feng Shuai
Published: February 2025

To improve the observation efficiency of space debris surveys, a basic sky survey observation strategy was developed, with the aim of observing more space debris based on the Wide Field Optical Telescope Array run by Shandong University. The characteristics of the telescope and dynamic changes in the movement and position of space debris are considered in this strategy. An objective function was designed based on these factors. Using the pixelated sphere method to finely divide the celestial area, applying the summation filtering method, and using a greedy algorithm, the benefit of the objective function can be maximized, thus generating the optimal sky survey observation strategy. Through simulation and observation experiments, we demonstrate that the greedy algorithm observation strategy significantly improves the number of space debris instances and the number of arc segments with respect to the conventional observation strategy. This not only improves the automation level of space debris observation tasks, but also significantly enhances the execution efficiency of telescopes for debris observation. It is very helpful for cataloging space debris and generating collision warnings.
Design and Testing of a PLC-Controlled Pressure Stabilization System for Targeted Spraying on Heading Vegetables
Authors: Mao Zhanxing , Xue Xinyu , Sun Zhu , Xu Yang , Zhou Qingqing , Jiao Yuxuan , Zhou Haiwei , Ding Suming
Published: February 2025

In agricultural plant protection, pressure fluctuations during targeted spraying are a key factor affecting spray quality. To address the issue of pressure fluctuations in the system pipeline caused by the inconsistent opening and closing of nozzles during targeted spraying, this study proposes a pressure-stabilizing device based on programmable logic control (PLC). To verify the feasibility of the system, experimental tests were conducted to assess pressure fluctuations, spraying volume, and droplet characteristics. The tests were performed at three different pressure settings: 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa, and 0.5 MPa, and the effects of opening and closing between one and five nozzles on system performance were examined. The results revealed that as the Δn (defined as the change in nozzle number) increased during target application, the pressure fluctuation also increased, reaching up to −0.008 MPa. Conversely, as the number of closed nozzles increased, the pressure fluctuation grew, reaching up to +0.006 MPa. Due to the frequent opening and closing of the solenoid valve, pressure fluctuations occur in the pipeline, with the duration of these fluctuations closely matching the solenoid valve’s response time of 60 ms. A model correlating the Δn with the nozzle flow rate was developed, showing a strong fit. This indicates a significant correlation between the Δn and flow rate, while the nozzle flow rate is minimally affected by pressure fluctuations in the system. An analysis using a laser particle size analyzer revealed that the droplet characteristics of the targeted spraying exhibited good stability. In conclusion, the system demonstrated excellent spraying performance during targeted spraying operations. The results of this study offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of targeted spraying and provide support for advancements in precision spraying.
Research on the Effect of Diversified Cropping on Crop Quality: A Review
Authors: Fan Hong , Miao Rong , Guo Congcong , Bao Xiaoyuan , He Wei , Sun Yali , Zhao Cai
Published: February 2025

Diversified cropping, as a crucial measure in modern ecological agriculture, promotes the intensification, industrialization, and diversification of agricultural production. By addressing region-specific and environmental challenges, the development of diversified cropping systems (DCS) tailored to local conditions can achieve the dual goals of improving crop quality and ensuring food security. However, existing crop quality improvement research primarily focuses on molecular techniques, with limited exploration of cropping practices. This review aims to systematically and comprehensively examine the concept, classification, and significance of diversified cropping. It highlights the critical roles and mechanisms of various cropping systems, such as intercropping, crop rotation, relay cropping, and multiple cropping, in enhancing crop quality. Furthermore, the review discusses the limitations and challenges of diversified cropping and offers suggestions for its improvement and application to advance research in this field. By proposing a scientific framework linking DCS with crop quality improvement, this review contributes to the formulation of evidence-based agricultural strategies to meet the growing demand for high-quality food, maintain environmental health, and promote long-term agricultural sustainability.
A Different Way to Sow: Seed Enhancements Involving Gelatin Encapsulation with Controlled-Released Fertilizers Improve Seedling Growth in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Touchette Brant W. , Cox Daniel S. , Carranza Rebecca L. , Palms Harriette
Published: February 2025

Seed enhancements involve post-harvest modifications that improve germination and plant performance. One form of enhancement involves coatings, which encompasses encrusting, pelleting, and film coats. These coatings may contain agrichemicals, such as fungicides and insecticides, and can foster conformational changes that improve the plantability of small or irregularly shaped seeds. Seed encapsulation using pharmaceutical capsules can be viewed as an extension of seed coatings where seeds and other beneficial agrichemicals can be combined into a single plantable unit. For many crops, direct contact with high levels of conventional fertilizers may induce some level of phytotoxicity, and early studies involving fertilizer-enriched seed coatings resulted in decreased seedling emergence and diminished plant performance. Encapsulation, however, provides greater delivery volumes compared to other coatings and may offer some degree of separation between seeds and potentially phytotoxic agrochemicals. This study considered tomato seed encapsulation with controlled-release fertilizers. In general, seed exposure to gelatin-based capsules delayed germination by 2- to 3- days. Nevertheless, seed encapsulation improved plant performance including increased plant height and dry mass production by as much as 75 and 460%, respectively. These growth responses mitigated any effects attributed to germination delays. Moreover, higher levels of controlled-release fertilizers (≥800 mg) fostered earlier flower induction by up to 3 weeks. Collectively, the results suggest that seed encapsulation can be an effective way to deliver fertilizers to plants in a manner that could reduce overall fertilizer application rates and possibly lessen the quantity of plant nutrient input necessary for tomato cultivation.
Targeting Aging Skin with GABALAGEN®: A Synergistic Marine Nutricosmetic Ingredient Validated Through Human Randomized Trials
Authors: Hyun Jimin , Rheu Kyoung-Min , Lee Bae-Jin , Ryu Bomi
Published: February 2025

This study introduces GABALAGEN® (GBL), a marine-derived ingredient combining low-molecular-weight fish collagen and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced via lactobacillus fermentation. GBL contains approximately 10% GABA, making up 39% of its free amino acid profile. A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 100 adults (aged 35–60) assessed its effects on aging skin. Participants consumed 1500 mg/day of GBL in jelly form, with 94% completing the study. By Week 12, the GBL group showed a 20% increase in skin hydration and a 15% reduction in wrinkle depth. Improvements in skin density and elasticity were also observed, with no adverse effects reported. In vitro tests demonstrated strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, including enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. GBL exemplifies sustainable innovation by upcycling fishery byproducts into high-value materials while addressing stability issues common to seafood-derived products. The fermentation process ensures safety and enhances GABA’s antioxidant activity and bioavailability. This scalable method aligns with circular economic principles and global sustainability goals, extending GBL’s potential to other functional materials which were proved their safety. GBL represents a breakthrough in nutricosmetics, combining efficacy, environmental sustainability, and industrial innovation.
Identifying Baicalein as a Key Bioactive Compound in XueBiJing Targeting KEAP1: Implications for Antioxidant Effects
Authors: Lin Ting-Syuan , Cai Xiao-Xuan , Wang Yi-Bing , Xu Jia-Tong , Xiao Ji-Han , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Li Shang-Fu , Liu Kun-Meng , Chen Ji-Hang , Li Li-Ping , Ni Jie , Chen Yi-Gang , Zhu Zi-Hao , Li Jing , Hu Yuan-Jia , Huang Hsien-Da , Zuo Hua-Li , Lin Yang-Chi-Dung
Published: February 2025

Background: XueBiJing injection (XBJ) is renowned for its multi-target pharmacological effects, including immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and antioxidant activities, offering potential therapeutic benefits for patients with severe infections such as sepsis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite its clinical effectiveness, the molecular targets and mechanisms of XBJ remain unclear, warranting further investigation. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the key bioactive compounds in XBJ and elucidate their molecular targets and mechanisms. Methods: The zebrafish model was first used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of XBJ, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing and network analysis. Network pharmacology was used to analyze the relationship between bioactive compounds and molecular targets, and molecular docking and kinetic simulation were used to explore the target binding ability of key compounds. Cellular Thermal Shift Assay-Western Blot (CETSA-WB) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) further verified the interaction between compounds and targets; finally, the key pathways were confirmed by gene silencing experiments. Results: The zebrafish model results reveal that XBJ significantly reduced neutrophil and macrophage counts in a dose-dependent manner, emphasizing its potent anti-inflammatory effects. A transcriptomic analysis highlighted the differential expression of key genes in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway, including HMOX1, SLC7A11, NQO1, and TXNRD1. A network analysis further pinpointed KEAP1 as a central molecular target, with tanshinone IIA, baicalein, and luteolin identified as key active compounds modulating this pathway. Among these, tanshinone IIA and baicalein exhibited strong binding interactions with KEAP1, which were confirmed through molecular docking and kinetic simulations. Further validation showed that baicalein directly targets KEAP1, as demonstrated by CETSA-WB and SPR analysis. Additionally, the gene silencing experiments of KEAP1 and NRF2 reinforced their crucial roles in activating the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. Conclusion: These findings collectively establish baicalein as a critical bioactive compound in XBJ, driving its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via KEAP1/NRF2 pathway activation through direct binding to KEAP1, providing new insights into the mechanism of action of XBJ.
Challenges in Generating Accurate Text in Images: A Benchmark for Text-to-Image Models on Specialized Content
Authors: Bosheah Zenab , Bilicki Vilmos
Published: February 2025

Rapid advances in text-to-image (T2I) generative models have significantly enhanced visual content creation. However, evaluating these models remains challenging, particularly when assessing their ability to handle complex textual content. The primary aim of this research is to develop a systematic evaluation framework for assessing T2I models’ capabilities in generating specialized content, with emphasis on measuring text rendering accuracy and identifying model limitations across diverse domains. The framework utilizes carefully crafted prompts that require precise formatting, semantic alignment, and compositional reasoning to evaluate model performance. Our evaluation methodology encompasses a comprehensive assessment across many critical domains: mathematical equations, chemical diagrams, programming code, flowcharts, multi-line text, and paragraphs, with each domain tested through specifically designed challenge sets. GPT-4 serves as an automated evaluator, assessing outputs based on key metrics such as text accuracy, readability, formatting consistency, visual design, contextual relevance, and error recovery. Weighted scores generated by GPT-4 are compared with human evaluations to measure alignment and reliability. The results reveal that current T2I models face significant challenges with tasks requiring structural precision and domain-specific accuracy. Notable difficulties include symbol alignment in equations, bond angles in chemical diagrams, syntactical correctness in code, and the generation of coherent multi-line text and paragraphs. This study advances our understanding of fundamental limitations in T2I model architectures while establishing a novel framework for the systematic evaluation of text rendering capabilities. Despite these limitations, the proposed benchmark provides a clear pathway for evaluating and tracking improvements in T2I models, establishing a standardized framework for assessing their ability to generate accurate and reliable structured content for specialized applications.
Prediction Model for Shield Tunneling Roll Angle and Pitch Angle: A PCA-PSO-LGBM Approach
Authors: Tang Peng , Hu Jinjian , Feng Tugen , Zhang Hanwei , Zhang Jian , Liang Yu
Published: February 2025

Accurately predicting shield roll angle and pitch angle based on different geological conditions and excavation parameters is significant for adjusting the shield’s posture in advance and ensuring safe excavation. Based on this, this paper proposed a prediction model using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)–Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)–Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM). The composite strata’s primary physical and mechanical parameters were obtained through the strata area weighting method, combined with selected adjustable excavation parameters to form the input parameters of the model. The results showed that the PCA-PSO-LGBM model performs exceptionally well in predicting both roll angel and pitch angle, with mean absolute errors of only 0.068° and 0.048°, respectively, and determination coefficients reaching 0.98 or higher for both. A comparative validation with other models confirmed the superiority of the PCA-PSO-LGBM model. Additionally, the proposed strata area weighting method comprehensively considered the influence of geological factors on the roll angle and pitch angle. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the pitch angle is generally more sensitive to excavation parameters than the roll angle. During the adjustment of shield tunnelling parameters, priority should be given to adjusting hinged pull, hinged thrust, lower cylinder propulsion pressure, and cutterhead speed.
Nonvolatile Organic Floating-Gate Memory Using N2200 as Charge-Trapping Layer
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Shang Junliang , Li Shuang , Liu Hu , Ma Mengqi , Ma Dongping
Published: February 2025

In this work, floating-gate organic field-effect transistor memory using the n-type semiconductor poly-{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl) naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis (dicarbo- ximide)-2,6-dili]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (N2200) as a charge-trapping layer is presented. With the assistance of a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool (Silvaco-Atlas), the storage characteristics of the device are numerically simulated by using the carrier injection and Fower–Nordheim (FN) tunneling models. The shift in the transfer characteristic curves and the charge-trapping mechanism after programming/erasing (P/E) operations under different P/E voltages and different pulse operation times are discussed. The impacts of different thicknesses of the tunneling layer on storage characteristics are also analyzed. The results show that the memory window with a tunneling layer thickness of 8 nm is 16.1 V under the P/E voltage of ±45 V, 5 s. After 1000 cycle tests, the memory shows good fatigue resistance, and the read current on/off ratio reaches 103.
A Predictive Multibody Model of Paper Applied to Cash Recycling
Authors: Giorio Lorenzo , Gastaldi Chiara , Delprete Cristiana , Libetti Samuele , Eleuteri Davide
Published: February 2025

Despite the spread of digital payment systems, banknotes still play a vital role in the lives of people, financial institutions, and businesses. Automation is crucial in all cases where a large number of deposits/withdrawals need to be handled. In spite of the large number of cash recyclers worldwide and their continuous evolution, one of the most significant parts of their design, i.e., the interaction with banknotes, is still predominantly based on a lengthy iterative process that includes testing. This has detrimental effects not only on time-to-market but also on the costs and on the willingness to explore multiple design solutions, thus potentially reducing the quality of the final product. The testing phase is made necessary by the lack of an effective and predictive model for the banknote and of its contact with the components of the cash recycler. The purpose of this work is to bridge this gap in the literature by introducing and validating an original multibody model of the banknote-cash recycler system. The proposed approach includes the possibility of including the nonlinear orthotropic paper material curves and of customizing quantities such as paper thickness and friction coefficients at specific locations, with potential applications in optimizing banknote validation, reducing wear in cash handling systems, and improving the design of next-generation cash recyclers.
Differences in Traffic Attraction and Mechanisms of Influencing Factors for Two Types of Large Hospitals in China
Authors: Han Baorui , Tan Nuo , Zhou Shuyan , Zhu Zhenjun , Jia Yin , Qian Ningya
Published: February 2025

Large hospitals in China typically face high-density patient flows, highly concentrated medical service demands, and significant impacts on surrounding transportation systems. To explore this issue in depth, this study selected a sample of 135 hospitals from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and constructed a structural equation model based on multi-source data to empirically analyze the key factors and mechanisms influencing traffic attraction for different types of hospitals. The findings reveal that medical level is the most critical factor affecting hospital traffic attraction, with significant differences in the factor pathways between general hospitals and specialized hospitals. For general hospitals, hospital size remains an important factor, but the influence of traffic attraction has shifted from traditional static indicators such as construction area and number of beds to more dynamic service diversity indicators, such as the number of medical departments. For specialized hospitals, the second most influential factor is traffic accessibility, particularly the availability of parking spaces, which significantly impacts their traffic attraction, reflecting patients’ strong demand for convenient transportation when accessing specialized care. This study highlights the dynamic evolution of traffic attraction factors across different hospital types and provides new insights and theoretical support for optimizing hospital transportation planning and resource allocation.
The Refined Simulation Methods of Fluctuating Wind and Aerodynamic Forces Relative to Moving Trains
Authors: Yan Naijie , Chen Ning , Tang Aiqiong , Su Yonghua , Guo Hui , Xiang Qiqi
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a framework to accurately simulate the fluctuating wind and aerodynamic forces relative to moving trains. It provides a novel method for calculating the power spectra of the fluctuating wind relative to moving trains and the time–frequency transform for admittance function to simulate unsteady aerodynamic forces. The proposed framework demonstrates broader applicability than existing methods, particularly in complex wind environments characterized by inhomogeneity and non-stationarity. Moreover, it presents a novel method to consider the phase of admittance function in simulating aerodynamic forces relative to moving trains. Considering the wind characteristics of inhomogeneity and non-stationarity, fluctuating wind and unsteady aerodynamic forces relative to moving trains are simulated for different wind environments. The results show that fluctuating wind and aerodynamic forces relative to moving trains are more prone to be affected by inhomogeneous characteristics in a short time. The admittance function has a ‘filtering’ effect, which can filter out the high-frequency components and decrease the peak values of the aerodynamic forces. Additionally, the phase of the admittance function presents the ‘delay’ between different aerodynamic forces. Under different wind environments, the fluctuating wind and unsteady aerodynamic forces relative to moving trains are significantly different. To accurately analyze the operational safety of trains under strong wind environments, it is essential to simulate the fluctuating wind and aerodynamic forces relative to moving trains accurately.
Role of lncRNA XIST/miR-146a Axis in Matrix Degradation and Apoptosis of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Through Regulation of MMP-13 and BCL2
Authors: Cheleschi Sara , Mondanelli Nicola , Seccafico Iole , Corsaro Roberta , Moretti Elena , Collodel Giulia , Fioravanti Antonella
Published: February 2025

Growing evidence demonstrates the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The lncRNA XIST is one of the most commonly studied; however, its function remains unclear. This study aimed to research the molecular mechanism of XIST in human OA chondrocytes. Cells were transfected with small interfering RNA against XIST or with a microRNA (miR)-146a inhibitor in the presence of interleukin (IL)-1β. Viability was detected using MTT; apoptosis using cytometry; and XIST, miR-146a, B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression using real-time PCR. The analysis of p50 and p65 nuclear factor (NF)-κB was conducted using PCR and immunofluorescence. Our findings showed that XIST was highly expressed in OA chondrocytes when compared to T/C-28a2 lines. Furthermore, XIST silencing significantly promoted survival and limited apoptosis, with a concomitant over expression of BCL2, reduction in MMP-13 mRNA, and NF-κB activation after IL-1β stimulus. Conversely, miR-146a was significantly down-regulated in OA cells, while its levels were increased following XIST silencing; moreover, miR-146a inhibition induced opposite results to those caused by XIST. Finally, the down-regulation of XIST was correlated to the over-expression of miR-146a, with a consequent modulation of BCL2, MMP-13, and NF-κB. This study suggests an influence of the XIST/miR-146a axis on the viability, apoptosis, and matrix degradation occurring in OA.
Anti-Tumor Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Activated Medium on Synovial Sarcoma: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Yao Hana , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Takada Naoki , Oebisu Naoto , Orita Kumi , Ban Yoshitaka , Saito Kosuke , Nakazawa Katsumasa , Kobayashi Yuto , Taniwaki Hiroshi , Ohira Chinatsu , Oh Jun-Seok , Shirafuji Tatsuru , Terai Hidetomi , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: Anti-tumor effects of plasma-activated medium (PAM) were demonstrated using various malignant tumors. However, the anti-tumor effect of PAM on synovial sarcoma remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of PAM on synovial sarcoma and its underlying mechanisms, focusing on the quantitative analyses of both intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis. Methods: The human synovial sarcoma cell line HS-SY-II was used to investigate the cell viability after PAM treatment. We investigated the anti-tumor effects and side effects of local PAM injection in a synovial sarcoma xenograft murine model. Moreover, we observed PAM-induced intracellular ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis and assessed the involvement of intracellular ROS in the anti-tumor effects of PAM using an intracellular ROS scavenger. Results: PAM significantly decreased the viability of synovial sarcoma cells compared with untreated Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium. Local PAM injection into a synovial sarcoma xenograft murine model significantly suppressed tumor growth, including tumor volume (p < 0.001) and weight (p = 0.031), without side effects. Regarding anti-tumor mechanisms, PAM induced significant cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS accumulation (p < 0.001). The intracellular ROS scavenger significantly inhibited the anti-tumor effect of PAM (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We confirmed the anti-tumor effects of PAM on synovial sarcoma in vitro and in vivo, as well as the absence of side effects. The underlying mechanism was suggested to involve cell apoptosis induced by intracellular ROS accumulation. Considering the various clinical issues associated with the existing treatments of synovial sarcoma, PAM is a promising new option.
Detecting Respiratory Pathogens for Diagnosing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections at the Point of Care: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bouzada Francisco M. , Mestre Bartomeu , Vaquer Andreu , Tejada Sofía , de la Rica Roberto
Published: February 2025

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, claiming millions of lives each year and imposing significant healthcare costs. Accurate detection of respiratory pathogens is essential for the effective management of LRTIs. However, this process often relies on sputum analysis, which requires extensive pretreatment steps. The viscous nature and complex composition of sputum present additional challenges, especially in settings where a rapid diagnosis at the point of care is essential. In this review, we describe the main types of LRTI, highlighting different patient care pathway and points of care. We review current methods for liquefying sputum samples and provide an overview of current commercially available diagnostic tools used in hospitals for LRTI detection. Furthermore, we critically review recent advancements in the literature focused on detecting respiratory pathogens and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in sputum, including nucleic acid amplification tests, immunoassays and other innovative approaches. Throughout the paper, we highlight challenges and opportunities associated with developing new biosensor technologies tailored for detecting respiratory pathogens in lower respiratory specimens. By shedding light on these pressing issues, we aim to inspire scientific community to create innovative diagnostic tools to address the urgent healthcare burden of lung diseases.
The Need for Better Attachment Bonds Between Institutional Caregivers and Children in Residential Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martínez-Usarralde María-Jesús , Conchell Raquel , Villar Mónica , Pérez-Tabernero Lucía
Published: February 2025

Attachment is an emotional bond based on the first relationships formed between people. In the case of institutionalized children, it is more difficult to establish a secure attachment bond with an adult. The figure of the institutional caregiver is key to promoting secure attachment and emotional support for these vulnerable children. This paper examines children in residential care (0–17 years), their relationship with attachment, and the figure of the institutional caregiver in relation to attachment. We conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature (SLR) carried out using the PRISMA method. The results suggest that institutionalized children are more likely to have behavioral problems because of the type of attachment they develop, and that institutional caregivers mediate attachment through their competence. In conclusion, institutional caregivers are an essential support figure in the life of residential care centers; because of this, these professionals must have adequate working conditions and receive ongoing training and support. Also, it would be necessary to analyze the appropriate skills of institutional caregivers to make appropriate intervention with the minors.
Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Retrofitted Transmission Towers Under Static Wind Loads
Authors: Vu Quang-Viet , Lee Hyeok-Ju , Kim Jae-Min
Published: February 2025

This study numerically investigated retrofitted transmission towers subjected to static wind loads using nonlinear pushover analysis, emphasizing enhanced structural resilience and safety. Transmission towers are critical infrastructure that must withstand extreme wind conditions. However, aging structures and increasing load demands necessitate effective retrofitting strategies. The nonlinear pushover analysis employs advanced finite element modeling to simulate the nonlinear inelastic behavior of towers under incremental static wind loads until failure. Six retrofitting methods are presented and compared to identify the most effective retrofitting approach for the considered tower. The findings reveal that retrofitting significantly improves the capacity, ductility, and stiffness of transmission towers under static wind loads, delaying buckling and failure. The proposed retrofit method enhances tower capacity by at least 10% compared to the non-retrofitted configuration.
Targeted Inhibition of CHD1L by OTI-611 Reprograms Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Proliferation to Produce Synergistic Antitumor Effects in Breast and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Esquer Hector , Zhou Qiong , LaBarbera Daniel V.
Published: February 2025

The second and third most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide are breast (2.3 million new cases) and colorectal (1.9 million new cases), respectively. Although advances in cancer therapies and early detection have improved the overall survival of patients, patients still develop resistance or cancer recurrence. Thus, the development of novel therapies that can affect multiple mechanisms of drug resistance and cell survival is ideal for the treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers. CHD1L is a novel oncogenic protein involved in regulating chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and programmed cell death via PARthanatos. Herein, we assess in real-time how the CHD1L inhibitor (CHD1Li) OTI-611 modulates cell cycle progression in Colo678, SUM149PT, and SW620 cell lines. By utilizing a cell cycle reporter, we tracked the real-time cell cycle progression of cancer cells treated with OTI-611 alone and in combination with standard-of-care (SOC) therapies. Our results indicate that OTI-611 causes G1 phase cell cycle arrest through a CHD1L-mediated mechanism that regulates Cyclin D1 expression and localization. As a result of this mechanism, OTI-611 can reprogram the cell cycle effects of other antitumor agents to modulate and arrest cells in G1 when used in combination, including agents commonly known to arrest cells in the G2/M phase. Therefore, we conclude that OTI-611-induced G1 arrest represents a critical component of its unique mechanism of action, contributing significantly to its anticancer activity.
Multiple Intra-Articular Injections of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Canine Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Li Xianqiang , Jian Xuwei , Yan Ziyin , Liu Huazhen , Zhang Lisheng
Published: February 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases in dogs and humans, which can lead to articular cartilage deterioration, chronic pain, and decreased quality of life. The anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, analgesic, and cartilage regeneration properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy provide a new direction for the treatment development of OA in the future. Currently, MSC therapy lacks confirmed ideal sources, dosages, formulations, and specific characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of multiple canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) injections on anti-inflammation and joint cartilage damage in a canine OA model. Considering animal ethics, we simulated the effects of inflammation and cartilage repair during treatment through a mouse OA model. In the mouse OA model, through the detection of cartilage repair and inflammation-related key factors via histology and molecular biology, it was found that MSC therapy has a certain repair effect on cartilage, but the anti-inflammatory effect is time-dependent. In the canine OA model, we verified the feasibility of multiple injections of ADSCs. Compared with the control group, the cartilage repair effect of the treatment group was obvious, and the inflammatory factors decreased, showing an obvious therapeutic effect. This study demonstrates that multiple intra-articular injections of canine ADSCs could be effective in treating OA symptoms.
How “Omics” Studies Contribute to a Better Understanding of Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Prašnikar Erika , Stunf Pukl Spela
Published: February 2025

Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive eye disease characterized by accelerated loss of endothelial cells and the development of focal excrescence (guttae) on Descemet’s membrane, resulting in cornea opacity and vision deterioration. The development of FECD is assumed to be due to the interplay between genetic and environmental factor risks, causing abnormal extracellular-matrix organization, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis and unfolded protein response. However, the molecular knowledge of FECD is limited. The development of genome-wide platforms and bioinformatics approaches has enabled us to identify numerous genetic loci that are associated with FECD. In this review, we gathered genome-wide studies (n = 31) and sorted them according to genomics (n = 9), epigenomics (n = 3), transcriptomics (n = 15), proteomics (n = 3) and metabolomics (n = 1) levels to characterize progress in understanding FECD. We also extracted validated differentially expressed/spliced genes and proteins identified through comparisons of FECD case and control groups. In addition, highlighted loci from each omics layer were combined according to a comparison with similar study groups from original studies for downstream gene-set enrichment analysis, which provided the most significant biological pathways related to extracellular-matrix organization. In the future, multiomics study approaches are needed to increase the sample size and statistical power to identify strong candidate genes for functional studies on animal models and cell lines for better understanding FECD.
The Mechanical Performance Enhancement of the CrN/TiAlCN Coating on GCr15 Bearing Steel by Controlling the Nitrogen Flow Rate in the Transition Layer
Authors: Cheng Yuchuan , Li Junxiang , Liu Fang , Li Hongjun , Yan Nu
Published: February 2025

The main focus of this work is the successful deposition of hard and wear-resistant TiAlCN coating on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel by means of magnetron sputtering technology. The phase composition of the chromium nitride transition layer was monitored by precisely controlling the nitrogen (N2) flow rate to strengthen the bonding between the TiAlCN coating and the GCr15 bearing steel surface. It was found that coating performance reached the optimal state at a N2 flow rate of 40 sccm, yielding a hardness of 23.3 GPa, a friction coefficient of only 0.27, and a wear rate of 0.19 × 10−8 mm3/N·m.
Composition and Spatial Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera from Two Tropical Estuaries (7° S, Brazil)
Authors: Alves Bruna Marinho , Eichler-Barker Patricia Beck , Nogueira Júnior Miodeli
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the composition and spatial distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the estuaries of the Mamanguape and Paraíba rivers in Northeast Brazil. Samples were collected from different sectors along both estuaries and analyzed for foraminiferal density, diversity, and species composition in relation to abiotic factors like salinity, temperature, pH, and sediment grain size. Results show that calcareous foraminifera dominate both estuaries, likely influenced by stable pH and salinity gradients. Additionally, the sediment composition of both estuaries varies from typical tropical estuarine patterns, with the presence of coarse and medium sands suggesting significant environmental dynamics. Statistical analyses confirm that foraminiferal assemblages reflect spatial environmental variations within and between the estuaries, underscoring the potential of foraminifera as bioindicators in coastal ecosystem assessments.
Typical Changes in Gait Biomechanics in Patients with Subacute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Skvortsov Dmitry V. , Kaurkin Sergey N. , Grebenkina Natalya V. , Ivanova Galina E.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Gait dysfunction occurs in 80% of stroke survivors. It increases the risk of falls, reduces functional independence, and thus affects the quality of life. Therefore, it is very important to restore the gait function in post-stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional changes of gait biomechanics in patients with hemiplegia in the subacute stage of ischemic stroke based on spatiotemporal, kinematic, and EMG parameters. Methods: Initial biomechanical gait analyses of 31 patients and 34 controls were selected. The obtained parameters were assessed and compared within and across the study groups (post-stroke hemiparetic patients and healthy controls) to determine the pathognomonic features of the hemiplegic gait. Results: The gait function asymmetry was characterized by reciprocal changes, i.e., harmonic sequences of gait cycles. The most significant changes were in the kinematics of the knee joint and the EMG activity in the anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, and hamstring muscles on the paretic side. The movements in the lower extremity joints ranged from a typical amplitude decrease to an almost complete lack of movement or involuntary excessive movement, as can occur in the ankle joint. The knee joint showed two distinct patterns: a slight flexion throughout the entire gait cycle and knee hyperextension during the middle stance phase. Conclusions: The gait function asymmetry is characterized by reciprocal changes (in temporal gait parameters). The most significant changes included decreased amplitude in the knee joint and decreased amplitude of EMG of all muscles under study, except for the m. quadriceps femoris.
Gender Difference in Orthostatic Vascular Stiffness Increase in Young Subjects
Authors: Dorogovtsev Victor N. , Yankevich Dmitry S. , Tsareva Valentina M. , Punin Denis A. , Borisov Ilya V. , Dekhnich Natalya N. , Grechko Andrey V.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Early detection of increased vascular stiffness in young populations may facilitate the development of more effective strategies for the primary prevention of arterial hypertension and other age-related cardiovascular diseases. To examine gender differences in orthostatic increases in vascular stiffness during the head-up tilt test (HUTT), standardized by hydrostatic column height. Materials and Methods: A total of 133 healthy adults aged 18–20 years (93 females and 40 males) were evaluated. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity at the brachial–ankle artery site (baPWV) were measured using an ABI system 100 PWV multichannel sphygmomanometer. Orthostatic changes in arterial stiffness were assessed during a head-up tilt test (HUTT) using the Luanda protocol, which standardizes hydrostatic column height. The functional reserve coefficient (FRC) of orthostatic circulatory regulation was introduced as a measure of adaptive capacity: FRC = ΔbaPWV/baPWVb. This coefficient accounts for both structural (baPWVb) and functional (ΔbaPWV = baPWVt − baPWVb) components influencing cardiovascular system adaptation, which exhibit multidirectional changes with age. Results: Baseline baPWV (baPWVb) values in the horizontal position showed no significant differences between genders and were within normal age ranges. However, baPWV values in the upright HUTT position (baPWVt) were significantly higher in men (p = 0.0007). Dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve, including ΔbaPWV and FRC, were also significantly elevated in men (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0064, respectively). Conclusions: While baseline baPWVb values were comparable between genders, dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve, such as ΔbaPWV and FRC, were significantly higher in men. Prospective studies are needed to establish optimal reference values for these dynamic biomarkers, enabling the assessment of individual trends in vascular aging and evaluating the effects of treatment, lifestyle modifications, and other preventive measures on vascular health.
Preventing Recurrent Otitis Media in Children Aged 2–7 Years: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D as a Modifiable Factor
Authors: Manole Alexia , Mărcuț Lavinia Florica , Cârciumaru Răzvan , Manole Felicia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric condition that significantly impacts hearing, language development, and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune regulation and that deficiency may predispose children to recurrent OM. This study aimed to evaluate whether low serum vitamin D levels are associated with increased incidence and severity of OM in children aged 2–7 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic in northwest Romania between November 2023 and April 2024. A total of 118 children were enrolled, including 87 children with documented episodes of OM within the preceding six months and 31 quasi-controls without recent OM episodes. Participants were stratified into three age groups (2–3, 4–5, and 6–7 years) and classified into clinical subtypes of OM (Acute Suppurative Otitis Media, Serous Otitis Media, and Acute Congestive Otitis Media). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay and categorized as deficient (≤20 ng/mL), insufficient (21–29 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests, chi-square tests, linear regression, logistic regression, and Poisson regression. Results: Children with OM exhibited significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to controls, with the most pronounced deficiency observed in the Acute Suppurative OM group. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the groups (F(3,114) = 82.30, p < 0.001), and linear regression demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and the frequency of OM episodes (r = −0.793, adjusted R2 = 0.63, p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that vitamin D insufficiency significantly increased the odds of OM (OR ≈ 120.74, p < 0.001), while Poisson regression showed incidence rate ratios of 13.62 for deficient and 10.47 for insufficient vitamin D status (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that low serum vitamin D levels are significantly associated with an increased risk and frequency of otitis media in preschool-aged children. These results support the role of vitamin D deficiency as an independent, modifiable risk factor for recurrent OM, suggesting that vitamin D screening and supplementation could be beneficial in reducing the clinical and economic burden of this condition.
Expanding Open-Vocabulary Understanding for UAV Aerial Imagery: A Vision–Language Framework to Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Huang Bangju , Li Junhui , Luan Wuyang , Tan Jintao , Li Chenglong , Huang Longyang
Published: February 2025

The open-vocabulary understanding of UAV aerial images plays a crucial role in enhancing the intelligence level of remote sensing applications, such as disaster assessment, precision agriculture, and urban planning. In this paper, we propose an innovative open-vocabulary model for UAV images, which combines vision–language methods to achieve efficient recognition and segmentation of unseen categories by generating multi-view image descriptions and feature extraction. To enhance the generalization ability and robustness of the model, we adopted Mixup technology to blend multiple UAV images, generating more diverse and representative training data. To address the limitations of existing open-vocabulary models in UAV image analysis, we leverage the GPT model to generate accurate and professional text descriptions of aerial images, ensuring contextual relevance and precision. The image encoder utilizes a U-Net with Mamba architecture to extract key point information through edge detection and partition pooling, further improving the effectiveness of feature representation. The text encoder employs a fine-tuned BERT model to convert text descriptions of UAV images into feature vectors. Three key loss functions were designed: Generalization Loss to balance old and new category scores, semantic segmentation loss to evaluate model performance on UAV image segmentation tasks, and Triplet Loss to enhance the model’s ability to distinguish features. The Comprehensive Loss Function integrates these terms to ensure robust performance in complex UAV segmentation tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has significant advantages in handling unseen categories and achieving high accuracy in UAV image segmentation tasks, showcasing its potential for practical applications in diverse aerial imagery scenarios.