bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing AI for Physics Problem Solving: A Literature Review and ChatGPT Experience
Authors: Mustofa Hisbulloh Als , Bilad Muhammad Roil , Grendis Nuraqilla Waidha Bintang
Published: June 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in physics education is gaining traction, driven by their potential to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. This study aims to investigate the use of AI tools, particularly ChatGPT, in solving physics problems and enhancing educational practices. Utilizing a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, the research identifies current trends and practical applications of AI in physics education. The results indicate that AI tools effectively support lesson planning, introduce innovative teaching methodologies, and assist in solving complex physics problems, significantly enhancing problem-solving skills and personalized learning experiences. However, challenges such as inaccuracies in handling advanced content, the lack of useful visual aids, and the need for human intervention to ensure the completeness and accuracy of AI-generated content were noted. Personal experiences, supplemented by an interview with a thermodynamics lecturer, revealed that while ChatGPT can simplify complex concepts and improve comprehension, it could not replace the mentorship and nuanced feedback provided by human educators. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating AI tools into physics education, emphasizing the need for balanced integration with traditional teaching methods, improved AI literacy among educators and students, and future developments focusing on personalized learning and enhanced visualization capabilities. The findings demonstrate the transformative potential of AI in physics education and highlight the importance of addressing its limitations to maximize educational outcomes.
ALBAY TALAT AYDEMİR’İN 21 MAYIS 1963’TE YAPTIĞI İKİNCİ DARBE GİRİŞİMİ VE YARGILANMASININ TÜRK BASININA YANSIMALARI
Authors: Talu Murat , Umar Ömer Osman
Published: June 2024

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk döneminde siyasi rejimin ve inkılapların koruyucusu görevinde bulunan ordu, İsmet İnönü’nün Cumhurbaşkanı olmasının ardından bu görevinin dışına çıkarak politikanın içine girmek zorunda kalmıştır. Orduda rejime yönelik ilk hareketlenmeler İsmet İnönü’nün Cumhurbaşkanlığı döneminde başlamış ancak örgütler 1950 tarihinde Demokrat Parti’nin seçim yoluyla iktidara gelmesiyle aktif bir müdahale olmadan dağılmıştır.
1950 – 1960 yılları arasında iktidarda bulunan Demokrat Parti, 1954’ten sonra yaptığı faaliyetler ile ordunun tepkisini çekmiş ve iktidarı devirmek adına ilk kez bu yıllarda ihtilal örgütleri kurulmuştur. 1954 yılından itibaren Ankara ve İstanbul’da birbirinden bağımsız ihtilal örgütleri kurulmuş ve Demokrat Parti iktidarını devirmek için gizli çalışmalarda bulunmuşlardır. İhtilal örgütlerinin gelişmesi ve ülkede yaşanan sorunların çıkılmaz hale gelmesi sonucu cumhuriyet tarihindeki ilk askeri müdahale olan 27 Mayıs 1960 İhtilali gerçekleşmiştir.
İhtilal örgütlerinin kurulduğu tarihten itibaren gizli çalışmalarda bulunan ve ihtilal sırasında Kore’de bulunan, yaşanan ihtilal sonrasında Harp Okulu Komutanlığı görevine getirilen Albay Talat Aydemir; darbenin amacına ulaşamadığını, Atatürk ilke ve inkılaplarının yerine oturtulamadığını ve ülkede yaşanan siyasi çatışmaların son bulmadığını öne sürerek ilk ihtilal girişimini 22 Şubat 1962 tarihinde denemiş ancak başarısız olmuştur. Talat Aydemir, bu ihtilal girişiminden vazgeçmesini olası bir kardeş kanı dökmek istemediği şeklinde açıklamıştır. İhtilal girişimi sonrasında arkadaşları ile birlikte emekli edilen Talat Aydemir, ülkenin kötü bir gidişe sürüklendiğine inanarak 21 Mayıs 1963 tarihinde ikinci kez ihtilal girişiminde bulunmuş fakat yine başarısız olmuştur. Talat Aydemir’in ikinci ihtilal girişimi birinci ihtilal girişimine nispeten başlangıçta başarısızlığa uğramış ve Aydemir’in ihtilal dönemi sona ermiştir. İkinci ihtilal girişiminin ardından 22 Şubatçılar ile beraber yargılanan Talat Aydemir, ihtilalci arkadaşı Fethi Gürcan ile birlikte idam edilmiştir.
ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE KÜRTAJ YASAĞI İLE İLİŞKİLİ SUÇLAR VE BASINDAKİ YANSIMALARI
Authors: Yılmaz Ahmet
Published: June 2024

Osmanlı devletinin nüfusu arttırmaya yönelik politikaları Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde de devam etmiştir. Bu politikalar, doğal olarak insanların bedensel varlıklarının yanında üreme sağlıklarının da kontrol edilmesi anlamına gelmekteydi. Böylece kürtaj yasağı, devletin kadının doğurganlığını kontrol etmesinin önemli bir aracı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kürtaj, 1926 tarihinde kabul edilen 765 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda “hayat ve vücut bütünlüğü hakkı” gerekçe gösterilerek bir suç olarak kabul edildi ve “Kasten Çocuk Düşürmek ve Düşürtmek” başlığı altında incelenerek 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475 ve 476 numaralı maddelerinde bununla ilgili cezai düzenlemeler getirildi. 1927 yılında gerçekleştirilen nüfus sayımının, nüfus artışının istenen oranda gerçekleşmediğini göstermesiyle kürtaj ile ilgili çeşitli düzenlemelere gidildi. Önce 1930 tarihli 1593 sayılı Umumi Hıfzısıhha Kanunu’nun 152 numaralı maddesi çocuk düşürmeyi sağlayan ilaçların satışı yasaklandı. Daha sonra bu konu 1936 tarihinde kabul edilen 3038 sayılı “Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun Bazı Maddelerini Değiştiren Kanun” ile “Eşhasa Karşı Cürümler” başlığı altında “Irkın Tümlüğü ve Sağlığı Aleyhine Suçlar” içerisinde tanımlanarak 468, 469, 470, 471 472 numaralı maddelerle yeni düzenlemeler getirildi. Bu yasalarla kürtaj yasağı ile ilişkili çeşitli suçlar tanımlamıştır. Kürtajın yasadışı olmasıyla beraber evlilik dışı ilişki, tecavüz veya yoksulluk nedeniyle bebeğin bakımını sağlayamama kaygısıyla ilişkili istenmeyen gebelik yaşayan kadınlar devletin denetiminin dışında, sağlıksız ve güvensiz bir şekilde çocuk düşürmeye devam etmişlerdir. Güvensiz kürtaj yaptıran kadınlar üreme sağlığının bozulmasıyla karşılaşmışlar ya da çocuk düşürmek için kullandıkları ilaçlar nedeniyle yaşamlarını yitirmişlerdir. Bu türlü olaylarla ilişkili çocuk düşürme olayları ile ilgili haberler dönemin gazetelerinde yer almıştır. Yenidoğan cinayeti ya da çocuk terki suçlarının da kürtaj yasağı ile ilişkisi sorgulanmış ve yine basında yer alan ilgili haberler takip edilmiştir. Bu makale, belirtilen çerçevede kürtaj yasağı ile ilişkili suçları basındaki yansımaları ile örneklemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
PERANCANGAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR (SOP) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LAYANAN PADA KANTOR KELURAHAN MACCINI SOMBALA KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Asmarianti Asmarianti , Nafiah. D Muhammad Ikram
Published: June 2024

Salah satu ciri kepemerintahan yang baik yaitu dengan mewujudkan pelayanan publik yang berkualitas. Dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat kinerja pelayanan publik memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar. Maka dari itu, untuk mencapai tujuan instansi pemerintahan yaitu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat maka perlu membangun sistem manajemen pelayanan publik yang terjamin. Kualitas layanan mempengaruhi kepuasan masyarakat dikarenakan masyarakat mengevaluasi kinerja pelayanan yang diberikan secara langsung. Salah satu aspek kunci untuk menciptakan birokrasi yang memiliki standar yang efektif, efisien dan terukur yaitu dengan diterapkan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) untuk seluruh proses dalam menyelenggarakan administrasi pemerintahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang SOP pelayanan yang ada di Kantor Kelurahan Maccini Sombala dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan yang diberikan pihak Kelurahan. Metode/mekanisme dari proses meneliti ini yang digunakan adalah jenis pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan informasi/data melalui penelitian langsung di lapangan, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu dalam perancangan SOP pelayanan di Kantor Kelurahan Maccini Sombala, terdapat 5 (lima) prosedur yang akan dibuat SOP diantaranya pelayanan Keterangan Domisili Sementara, Keterangan Tidak Mampu, Rekomendasi Izin Mendirikan Bangunan, Pengantar Nikah, dan Keterangan Usaha. Ada beberapa tahapan yang dilakukan dalam perancangan SOP yaitu dimulai dari tahapan penilaian kebutuhan dengan menentukan prosedur pelayanan yang dianggap penting untuk dibuatkan, kemudian tahapan pembuatan SOP dengan mengumpulkan informasi yang terkait lalu didesain sesuai dengan pedoman. Dan yang terakhir melakukan review dan sosialisasi dengan membahas bersama dengan pelaksana pemberi layanan terkait rancangan SOP yang telah dibuat.
What Brings You to the Party? Voter Preferences on Parties Through Policy and Valence Dynamics
Authors: Hamzawi Jordan , Kato Gento , Endo Masahisa
Published: June 2024

Recent studies of party politics suggest that non-policy attributes, or valence, of political parties play a critical role in voter decision-making. However, no research to date has established exactly what types of valence matter and how they interact with parties' policy platforms. This study therefore conducted a conjoint experiment in Japan and find that voters care more about party valence attributes with respect to presence, power, and legislative productivity, as well as the prevalence of scandals, compared to the level of continuity and experience. This pattern persists regardless of electoral system and partisanship. The results also imply that valence is not a substitute for policy and that the effects of valence and policy behave additively. These findings paint a picture of electoral competition centered on both a party's policy offerings and its ability to meaningfully engage in the legislature rather than its continuing existence or the prevalence of incumbent members.
Islamic Social Reporting; Investment Account Holder; Non-Performing Financing; Islamic Corporate Governance; and Maqashid Shariah Index
Authors: Faisal Yusuf , Luthfiyah Qonitatun , Gumala Sari Egi
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine, analyze, and obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of Investment Account Holders, Non-Performing Financing, Islamic Corporate Governance, and the Maqashid Sharia Index on Islamic Social Reporting of the Largest Islamic Banks in the World. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual reports or sustainability reports and other information on Islamic Banks. The samples in this study were the 10 Largest Islamic Banks in the World selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research implementation time was for 6 periods from 2017 - 2022. Research using panel data with panel regression models and data processing software using Eviews. From the results of the study, it is known that only the Islamic Corporate Governance variable significantly affects Islamic Social Reporting, while other variables, namely Investment Account Holder, Non-Performing Financing, and Maqashid Sharia Index do not significantly affect Islamic Social Reporting. This research is expected to provide information related to Islamic social reporting and provide benefits in making the right decisions and can be used as a reference for further research.
Unraveling the corrosion inhibition behavior of prinivil drug on mild steel in 1M HCl corrosive solution: insights from density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and experimental approaches
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Kumar Ashish , Dagdag Omar , Kim Hansang , Berisha Avni , Sharma Deepak , Om Hari
Published: June 2024

The deterioration of mild steel in an acidic environment poses a significant challenge in various industries. The emergence of effective corrosion inhibitors has drawn attention to studies aimed at reducing the harmful consequences of corrosion. In this study, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Prinivil in a 1M HCl solution through various electrochemical and gravimetric techniques has been investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated that the inhibition efficiency of Prinivil expanded from 61.37% at 50 ppm to 97.35% at 500 ppm concentration at 298 K. With a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.987, Kads value of 0.935 and Ea value of 43.024 kJ/mol at 500 ppm concentration of inhibitor, a strong affinity of Prinivil for adsorption onto the metal surface has been significantly found. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement analyses further support the inhibitory behavior of Prinivil, demonstrating the production of a defensive layer on the surface of mild steel. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo simulations were employed to investigate the stability and interactions between Prinivil and the metallic surface (Fe (1 1 0)) at the atomic level. The computed results reveal strong adsorption of Prinivil upon the steel surface, confirming its viability as a corrosion inhibitor.
Benefits of traditional and local ecological knowledge for species recovery when scientific inference is limited
Authors: Sheppard Donna J. , Stark Danica J. , Muturi Solomon Wachiuri , Munene Peter Hannington
Published: June 2024

Many critically endangered species persist in remnant populations so small that ecological information required to assist recovery, such as species-typical demographic parameters and habitat preferences, can be difficult to acquire based on science alone. Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) or local ecological knowledge (LEK) can fill information gaps and provide additional understanding, though this expertise is not everlasting and often overlooked. We report on research focused on a species survival plan for mountain bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci), a critically endangered antelope endemic to Kenya, persisting in the wild with fewer than 80 individuals in four separated montane forests. In preparation for a potential conservation translocation of captive-bred bongos into one or more forests, extensive camera trapping yielded limited results, suggesting that data were based on the activities of just a few individuals. Moreover, additional information critical to translocations, such as typical group size and sex ratios, could neither be observed nor obtained from the literature. This knowledge gap was largely resolved using expert interviews conducted with eight former Kenyan hunters, along with historical range and browse mapping, enriching understanding of behavioral characteristics rendering bongo particularly vulnerable to exploitation. Consistently similar responses from observations spanning a 50-year period (1950s to 1990s) across four ecosystems added certainty to responses. This study endorses a combination of data sources when dealing with remnant populations, and specifically recommends making use of this documented mountain bongo TEK/LEK to inform decisions about potential bongo reintroductions in Kenya.
Eye tracking technology on children's mathematical education: systematic review
Authors: Paskovske Asta , Kliziene Irina
Published: June 2024

Mathematical word problems are widely recognized as essential tools for assessing the practical application of mathematical knowledge among students. This study endeavors to ascertain the extent to which elementary school students' problem-solving skills have been investigated utilizing eye tracking technology and to elucidate the contribution of eye tracking technology in analyzing students' problem-solving capabilities. To identify the prevailing themes within empirical research concerning the application of eye tracking methodology in the context of problem solving and mathematics, a systematic literature review was undertaken, following the guidelines outlined in the revised 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The initial search yielded 167 studies; however, after excluding studies that did not meet the predetermined inclusion criteria, a final selection of seventeen studies was made. Given the mounting interest in the intersection of eye tracking technology and mathematics education, this research has proven to be a valuable avenue for exploring students' problem-solving processes, comprehension strategies, and metacognitive abilities. Moreover, it offers valuable insights into the distribution of students' attention, their utilization of strategies, and their cognitive workload while engaged in problem solving tasks.
Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and sex hormones in children and adolescents aged 6–19
Authors: Gao Zijun , Liu Ke
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and sex hormones in children and adolescents aged 6–19 years.

Methods

Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2013 and 2016. Inclusion criteria comprised subjects aged 6–19 years with complete data on both SII and sex hormones. We employed weighted multiple regression analysis and subgroup analytical methods to independently estimate the relationship between SII and sex hormones.

Results

In this study, a total of 3767 participants were included, with an average age of 12.32 ± 3.95 years. Males constituted 50.54%, and females 49.46%. Among males, a statistically significant negative correlation emerged between SII and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Similarly, in the female population, SII exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation with total testosterone (TT), SHBG, and the Ratio of TT to estradiol, while maintaining a positive correlation with free androgen index (FAI). Subgroup analysis underscored variances in the association between sex hormones and SII within cohorts distinguished by pubertal status or different body mass index (BMI). In addition, the relationship between SII and estradiol exhibited nonlinearity. Employing a two-segment linear regression model, we identified an inverted U-shaped association between SII and estradiol, with an inflection point of 748.09 (1000cell/ml).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that SII may be an independent risk factor for changes in sex hormones in both male and female children and adolescents. More prospective and experimental studies should be conducted to validate our results and elucidate the underlying molecular pathways.
The human milk endocannabinoidome and neonatal growth in gestational diabetes
Authors: Fradet Alice , Castonguay-Paradis Sophie , Dugas Camille , Perron Julie , St-Arnaud Gabrielle , Marc Isabelle , Doyen Alain , Flamand Nicolas , Dahhani Fadil , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Veilleux Alain , Robitaille Julie
Published: June 2024

Objective

Endocannabinoids and their N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, they are present in human milk and are associated with obesity. Infants exposed in utero to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to compare the profile of eCBome mediators in milk of women with gestational diabetes (GDM+) and without (GDM-) and to assess the association with offspring growth. The hypothesis is that the eCBome of GDM+ human milk is altered and associated with a difference in infant growth.

Methods

Circulating eCBome mediators were measured by LC-MS/MS in human milk obtained at 2 months postpartum from GDM+ (n=24) and GDM- (n=29) women. Infant weight and height at 2 months were obtained from the child health record. Z-scores were calculated.

Results

Circulating Npalmitoylethanolamine (PEA) was higher in human milk of GDM+ women than in GDM- women (4.9 ± 3.2 vs. 3.3 ± 1.7, p=0.04). Higher levels were also found for several 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) (p<0.05). The levels of NAEs (β=-4.6, p=0.04) and especially non-omega-3 NAEs (B=-5.6, p=0.004) in human milk were negatively correlated with weight-for-age z-score of GDM+ offspring.

Conclusion

The profile of eCBome mediators in human milk at 2 months postpartum was different in GDM+ compared to GDM- women and was associated with GDM+ offspring growth at 2 months.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT04263675 and NCT02872402).
Intelligent substation virtual circuit verification method combining knowledge graph and deep learning
Authors: Cao Haiou , Zhang Yue , Ge Yaming , Shen Jiaoxiao , Tang Changfeng , Ren Xuchao , Chen Hengxiang
Published: June 2024

The correctness of the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) virtual circuit connections in intelligent substations directly affects the stability of the system operation. Existing verification methods suffer from low efficiency in manual verification and lack uniformity in design specifications. Therefore, this paper proposes a virtual circuit automatic verification method that combines knowledge graphs with deep learning. Firstly, this method utilizes expert knowledge and relevant standard specifications to construct a knowledge graph of virtual circuits, integrating knowledge from historical intelligent substation configuration files into the knowledge graph. Then, leveraging multi-head attention mechanisms and Siamese neural networks, it achieves matching between the textual descriptions of virtual terminals and standard virtual terminal descriptions. Additionally, a verification process for the virtual terminal port address string is incorporated. Finally, experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method and strategy, further enhancing the accuracy of virtual circuit verification.
Tidal effect on environmental DNA communities in Arctic estuarine and marine ecosystems
Authors: Sevellec Maelle , Lacoursière-Roussel Anaïs , Normandeau Eric , Bernatchez Louis , Howland Kimberly
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Arctic marine ecosystems are changing rapidly, largely due to the observed accelerated warming that is associated with ongoing climate change. Environmental DNA (eDNA) combined with metabarcoding has great potential for large-scale biomonitoring of Arctic marine communities. However, important limitations remain, such as understanding the complexity and drivers of spatio-temporal variation in eDNA distribution.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the effect of tidal dynamics on aquatic metazoan (vertebrates and invertebrates) on eDNA metabarcoding results from nearshore estuarine and marine Arctic ports of Churchill (Manitoba) and Milne Inlet (Nunavut), respectively. We collected and sequenced 54 water samples per port at low, middle and high tide across three days, as well as two depths (surface, bottom), using four universal primer pairs (two primers in the COI gene and two in the 18S rRNA gene).

Results

We observed a significant transition in the estuarine community structure from low to high tide, whereas the marine community structure was more stable across tides. The eDNA community structure differed between the surface and bottom waters in both the estuarine and marine ecosystems. However, the biodiversity pattern within the water column was significantly different between estuarine and marine ecosystems. Finally, we observed short-term temporal variation of the communities in both systems.

Discussion

Altogether, our results highlight the short-term temporal dynamic nature of eDNA derived from coastal communities. This variability should be accounted for in eDNA sampling design to ensure robust characterization of coastal communities and long-term time series, particularly for estuarine environments where the effects of tide and depth are more important.
Hydrogen storage ability of hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Kovalskii Andrey M. , Manakhov Anton M. , Afanasev Pavel A. , Popov Zakhar I. , Matveev Andrei T. , Al-Qasim Abdulaziz S.
Published: June 2024

The development of hydrogen energy is capable of solving a number of important issues that modern society is facing, including global warming and various environmental impacts. Currently, there is an intensive search for natural sources of hydrogen as well as low-carbon techniques for mass production of hydrogen from natural gas, associated petroleum gas, and water. In parallel, efforts to develop technologies for the subsequent management of hydrogen are underway, and the creation of its safe and efficient storage is one of the highest priority goals. For the transportation and storage of hydrogen today, a number of solutions are offered, each of which has both positive and negative aspects. The boron nitride family of materials with high thermal and chemical stability, variability of morphologies, and flexibility of structure has been considered as a candidate for efficient hydrogen storage. This review offers to familiarize readers with the progress in the research and application of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), as well as BN-based materials in comparison with other materials, as promising hydrogen storage. Experimental and theoretical data obtained for different morphologies and internal structures were reviewed in relevance to the material`s sorption capacity with respect to hydrogen. Various approaches to improve the efficiency of hydrogen storage were analyzed, and the highest storage capabilities published were mentioned. Thus, BN-based materials are very promising as hydrogen storage, even for an automotive application, but the development of new mass production technologies should be carried out.
Promotion of direct electron transfer between Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and carbon fiber electrodes via in situ growth of α-Fe2O3 nanoarray
Authors: He Xiu , Lu Hao , Fu Jingjing , Zhou Huang , Qian Xingchan , Qiao Yan
Published: June 2024

The iron transport system plays a crucial role in the extracellular electron transfer process of Shewanella sp. In this study, we fabricated a vertically oriented α-Fe2O3 nanoarray on carbon cloth to enhance interfacial electron transfer in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 microbial fuel cells. The incorporation of the α-Fe2O3 nanoarray not only resulted in a slight increase in flavin content but also significantly enhanced biofilm loading, leading to an eight-fold higher maximum power density compared to plain carbon cloth. Through expression level analyses of electron transfer-related genes in the outer membrane and core genes in the iron transport system, we propose that the α-Fe2O3 nanoarray can serve as an electron mediator, facilitating direct electron transfer between the bacteria and electrodes. This finding provides important insights into the potential application of iron-containing oxide electrodes in the design of microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems, highlighting the role of α-Fe2O3 in promoting direct electron transfer.
QUALIPAED—A retrospective quality control study evaluating pediatric long axial field-of-view low-dose FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Honoré d’Este Sabrina , Andersen Flemming Littrup , Schulze Christina , Saxtoft Eunice , Fischer Barbara Malene , Andersen Kim Francis
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Pediatric patients have an increased risk of radiation-induced malignancies due to their ongoing development and long remaining life span. Thus, optimization of PET protocols is an important task in pediatric nuclear medicine. Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT has shown a significant increase in sensitivity, which provides an ideal opportunity for reduction of injected tracer activity in the pediatric population. In this study we aim to evaluate the clinical performance of a 2-[18F]FDG-tracer reduction from 3 MBq/kg to 1.5 MBq/kg on the Biograph Vision Quadra LAFOV PET/CT.

Materials and methods

The first 50 pediatric patients referred for clinical whole-body PET/CT with 1.5 MBq/kg 2-[18F]FDG, were included. A standard pediatric protocol was applied. Five reconstructions were created with various time, filter and iteration settings. Image noise was computed as coefficient-of-variance (COV = SD/mean standardized-uptake-value) calculated from a spherical 20–50 mm (diameter) liver volume-of-interest. Sets of reconstructions were reviewed by one nuclear medicine physicians, who reported image lesions on a pre-defined list of sites. Paired comparison analysis was performed with significance at PB < 0.05 (Bonferroni corrected).

Results

All reconstructions, except one, achieved a COVmean (0.08–0.15) equal to or lower than current clinical acceptable values (COVref ≤ 0.15). Image noise significantly improved with increasing acquisition time, lowering iterations (i) from 6i to 4i (both with five subsets) and when applying a 2 mm Gauss filter (PB < 0.001). Significant difference in lesion detection was seen from 150s to 300s and from 150s to 600s (PB = 0.006–0.007). 99% of all lesions rated as malignant could be found on the 150s reconstruction, while 100% was found on the 300s, when compared to the 600s reconstruction.

Conclusion

Injected activity and scan time can be reduced to 1.5 MBq/kg 2-[18F]FDG with 5 min acquisition time on LAFOV PET/CT, while maintaining clinical performance in the pediatric population. These results can help limit radiation exposure to patients and personnel as well as shorten total scan time, which can help increase patient comfort, lessen the need for sedation and provide individually tailored scans.
A pilot study on the characterization and correlation of oropharyngeal and intestinal microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Limin , Gong Chao , Wang Ruiye , Wang Jinxue , Yang Zhanshuang , Wang Xianhe
Published: June 2024

Background

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of childhood and adolescence, showing a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. A study indicated that the composition of the oropharyngeal and gut microbiota changed in T1DM. However, no studies have yet associated the changes between the microbiomes of the oropharyngeal and intestinal sites, nor between the flora and clinical indicators. In this study, we examined the composition and characteristics of oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in patients with T1DM in compared to healthy children. We identified correlations between oropharyngeal and intestinal flora and evaluated their association with clinical laboratory tests in patients with T1DM.

Methods

The oropharyngeal and fecal samples from 13 T1DM and 20 healthy children were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA. The associations between microbes and microorganisms in oropharyngeal and fecal ecological niches, as well as the correlation between these and clinical indicators were further analyzed.

Results

It was revealed that T1DM children had distinct microbiological characteristics, and the dominant oropharyngeal microbiota genus included Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria; that of intestinal microbiota included Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium_hallii_group. Furthermore, oropharyngeal Staphylococcus was significantly positively correlated with intestinal norank_f__Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus_torques_group in TIDM children. Moreover, in these children, differential genes in oropharyngeal and intestinal samples were enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid generation, fatty acid metabolism, and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis. Additionally, correlation analysis between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiome with laboratory tests showed significant correlations between several bacterial taxa in the oropharynx and intestines and glycated hemoglobin and C-peptide.

Conclusion

Unique microbial characteristics were found in the oropharynx and intestine in children with T1DM compared to healthy children. Positive correlations were found between changes in the relative abundance of oropharyngeal and gut microbiota in children with T1DM. Associations between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiota and laboratory investigations in children with T1DM suggest that the composition of the oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in children with T1DM may have some impact on glycemic control.
Efficacy and safety of Osteoking on fracture healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Le , Kuang Haomin , Zhang Zimin , Rong Kuan , Yuan Yiwei , Peng Zhifei , Zhao Haomin , Liu Ke , Ou Liang , Kuang Jianjun
Published: June 2024

Background

Osteoking (OK) is prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine to accelerate fracture healing. Although some studies suggest the potential efficacy of OK for fracture healing, the evidence remains inconclusive.

Aim

To systematically evaluate the safety of OK and its effect on fracture healing.

Methods

Relevant authoritative databases were searched until 25 August 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with fractures treated with Osteoking were included. We evaluated the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and performed a meta-analysis using the Review Manager 5.4 software package.

Results

13 studies involving 1123 participants were included. This meta-analysis showed that compared with observations in the control group, the OK group showed a shortened fracture healing time, increased fracture healing rate, reduced swelling regression time and ecchymosis regression time, and improved bone metabolism. In addition, the included studies did not report any serious side effects associated with the use of OK, and the mild side effects resolved without treatment.

Conclusion

OK therapy is beneficial and safe for accelerating fracture healing, reducing swelling, eliminating ecchymosis, and improving bone metabolism. However, the meta-analysis results do not support OK treatment for improving the fracture healing rate at all fracture sites and reducing pain across all fracture sites. Further original, high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings.

Systematic Review Registration:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=452430, identifier CRD42023452430.
The power of light from a non-phototrophic perspective: a phyllosphere dilemma
Authors: Alsanius Beatrix W. , Hellström Maria , Bergstrand Karl-Johan , Vetukuri Ramesh , Becher Paul , Karlsson Maria E.
Published: June 2024

Plants and crop stands are considered holobionts, colonized by both autotrophic and by non-phototrophic heterotrophic microbiota. The dilemma in the exisiting body of studies is that the focus is primarily directed towards environmental specificties relevant for phototrophic organisms (predominantly plants), but does not take into account non-phototrophs. By definition, non-phototrophic heterotrophic bacteria do not use light as an energy source. Light energy and wavelength are rather used as a signal that can provoke shifts in both their metabolism and microbial lifestyle. Reaction and recovery time can vary between organisms and is dependent on the organism’s physiological stage. The length of the lighting event affects the energy an organism is exposed to. We argue that to obtain a deeper and more distinct understanding of light exposure (irradiance, exposure length), quantity (light intensity), and quality (wavelength/spectral distribution, bandwidth at full-width half-maximum) related mechanisms on non-phototrophic bacteria in the phyllosphere, the light environment needs to be further strictly characterized. This includes information on the actual energy hitting planktonic or sessile non-phototrophic bacteria resident on and inside plants aboveground. Mapping the light environment in ecosystems aids in unraveling light-phyllosphere interactions and strengthens their transdisciplinary character. This issue is fundamental in order to revisit and repeat others’ experimental approaches and findings but also to be able to translate findings into further action.
Effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the quality and antioxidant capacity of fresh red waxy corn during postharvest cold storage
Authors: Wang Chunfang , Liu Hongru , Liu Chenxia , Wei Yuzhen , Wang Juanzi , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiao , Chen Bingjie , Yan Weiqiang , Qiao Yongjin
Published: June 2024

Fresh red waxy corn is consumed worldwide because of its unique flavor and rich nutrients, but it is susceptible to deterioration with a short shelf life. This study explored the effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) treatment on the quality and antioxidant capacity of fresh red waxy corn during postharvest cold storage up to 40 d. The SAEW treatment exhibited lower weight loss, softer firmness, and higher total soluble solids (TSS) and moisture content than the control group. Correspondingly, the SAEW maintained the microstructure of endosperm cell wall and starch granules of fresh red waxy corn kernels well, contributing to good sensory quality. Furthermore, SAEW effectively reduced the accumulation of H2O2 content, elevated the O2−· scavenging ability, maintained higher CAT and APX activities, and decreased the decline of the flavonoids and anthocyanin during the storage. These results revealed that the SAEW treatment could be a promising preservation method to maintain higher-quality attributes and the antioxidant capacity of fresh red waxy corn during postharvest cold storage.
Effect of modified atmosphere package on attributes of sweet bamboo shoots after harvest
Authors: Wang Ling , Liu Miyang , Luo Zheng , Chen Yulong , Qi Yingwei , Ye Mingqiang , Chen Feiping , Dai Fanwei
Published: June 2024

Tender bamboo shoots undergo rapid senescence that influences their quality and commercial value after harvest. In this study, the tender sweet bamboo shoots (‘Wensun’) were packed by a passive modified atmosphere packaging (PMAP) to inhibit the senescence process, taking polyethylene package as control. The increase in CO2 and the decrease in O2 gas concentrations in the headspace atmosphere of the packages were remarkably modified by PMAP treatments. The modified gas atmosphere packaging inhibited the changes in firmness, as well as the content of cellulose, total pectin, and lignin in the cell walls of bamboo shoots. The enzymatic activities of cellulase, pectinase, and polygalacturonase that act on cell wall polysaccharides, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and laccase regulating the lignin biosynthesis were modified by PMAP treatment different from control during storage. The expression levels of the lignin biosynthesis genes PePAL3/4, PeCAD, Pe4CL5, PeC4H, PeCCOAOMT, PeCOMT, cellulose synthase PeCESA1, and related transcription factors PeSND2, PeKNAT7, PeMYB20, PeMYB63, and PeMYB85 were clearly regulated. These results suggest that PMAP efficiently retards the changes in lignin and cell wall polysaccharides, thus delaying the senescence of tender sweet bamboo shoots during storage.
Research progress on the psychological burden and intervention measures in cancer patients
Authors: Wang Han-Qi , Lin Hao , Liu Bing
Published: June 2024

In the past 40 years, the gradually increasing incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors have severely impacted the quality of life of patients, bringing significant physical and psychological burdens and becoming an increasingly serious social issue. With the development of medical standards, new methods for cancer detection and treatment have been continuously proposed. Although it has been proven that cancer is related to increased psychological burden and suicidal behaviors in patients, current research on the psychological burden caused by cancer is insufficient. Clinicians often overlook the psychological health issues of patients while treating their physical diseases. Considering the high incidence of cancer, this review will outline the psychological burdens of cancer patients worldwide in recent years and its high-risk factors. Moreover, this review will summarize the common methods for evaluating psychological burdens, present current predictive models and treatment methods for the psychological burden of cancer patients, aiming to provide a research basis and future direction for the timely and accurate assessment of the psychological burden in cancer patients.
Heart rate variability biofeedback to reduce anxiety in autism spectrum disorder – a mini review
Authors: Coulter Helen L. , Donnelly Mark P. , Yakkundi Anita , McAneney Helen , Barr Owen G. , Kernohan W. George
Published: June 2024

There is a reported high prevalence of anxiety in people with autism spectrum disorder. This mini review appraises existing research investigating heart rate variability biofeedback to help manage symptoms of anxiety in people with autism spectrum disorder. A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted to find relevant literature. Consultation with experts and a librarian helped develop search terms following the PICO framework. Five databases were searched, and screening was undertaken using Covidence software, with the process outlined in a PRISMA flowchart. The latest review showed positive short-term effects but there is a need for long-term follow-up. Future investigations should consider device type, training settings, and control interventions. Accurate heart rate variability assessment independent of biofeedback devices is crucial. Additional measures like cortisol assessment and user feedback are recommended for comprehensive evaluation. The findings highlight progress in the evidence base and offer insight to future directions.
A systematic review of the impact of type 2 diabetes on brain cortical thickness
Authors: Motaghi Mahboubeh , Potvin Olivier , Duchesne Simon
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been linked to cognitive impairment and dementia, but its impact on brain cortical structures in individuals prior to or without cognitive impairment remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of 2,331 entries investigating cerebral cortical thickness changes in T2D individuals without cognitive impairment, 55 of which met our inclusion criteria.

Results

Most studies (45/55) reported cortical brain atrophy and reduced thickness in the anterior cingulate, temporal, and frontal lobes between T2D and otherwise cognitively healthy controls. However, the balance of studies (10/55) reported no significant differences in either cortical or total brain volumes. A few reports also noticed changes in the occipital cortex and its gyri. As part of the reports, less than half of studies (18/55) described a correlation between T2D and hippocampal atrophy. Variability in sample characteristics, imaging methods, and software could affect findings on T2D and cortical atrophy.

Discussion

In conclusion, T2D appears linked to reduced cortical thickness, possibly impacting cognition and dementia risk. Microvascular disease and inflammation in T2D may also contribute to this risk. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and brain health implications.
Gender, social, household, and ecological factors influencing wheat trait preferences among the women and men farmers in India
Authors: Gartaula Hom N. , Atreya Kishor , Konath Noufa C. , Mondal Suchismita , Singh Ravi P.
Published: June 2024

The goal of public breeding programs is to develop and disseminate improved varieties to farmers. This strategy aims at providing farming communities with superior crop varieties than they are growing. However, the strategy rarely considers the needs and preferences of farmers, especially gendered preferences, failing to solve real field problems by addressing the differences and inequalities prevalent in the farming communities. Our research examines how personal, household, agronomic and ecological characteristics of wheat growers in Bihar, India’s eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains, affect women and men’s wheat trait choices. Data were obtained from 1,003 households where both male and female respondents from the same household were interviewed. We accounted for 23 traits of wheat from a careful assessment of production, environment, cooking quality, market demand, and esthetic criteria. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine women’s and men’s trait preferences. The results imply that gender influences the preferences of wheat traits. Some traits are favored by both women and men, however, in other instances, there are striking disparities. For example, men choose wheat varieties that are well adapted to extreme climate conditions, have a higher grain yield, and produce chapati with a superior taste, while women prefer wheat types with superior chapati making quality, higher grain yield, and high market prices. Other socioeconomic, agronomic, cultural, and geolocational factors have a considerable impact on trait preferences. These human dimensions of traits preferred by women and men farmers are important for trait combinations to develop breeding product profiles for certain market segments.
A mystery revealed: an update on eosinophil and other blood cell morphology of the Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae)
Authors: Bosch Sarah N. , Stacy Nicole I. , Armien Anibal G. , Hollinger Charlotte , Minor Rashea , Heard Darryl J. , Stokol Tracy
Published: June 2024

Reptile white blood cell (WBC) morphological features are strikingly variable across species. In the Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae), red tegu (Salvator rufescens), and Savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus), previous reports described a WBC type with a single distinct, clear, linear- to ovoid- to crescent-shaped inclusion of presumptive monocytic origin. The objective of this study was to further investigate the origin of this unique WBC type with crescent-shaped inclusions. Blood samples from two Argentine black and white tegus, tegu 1, a 4-year-old female, and tegu 2, a 2-year-old presumed male, were submitted for routine hematological evaluation. Additional blood films were prepared and stained with these cytochemical stains: alkaline phosphatase (ALP; naphthol AS-MX phosphate substrate), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, alpha-chloroacetate esterase, myeloperoxidase, Periodic acid-Schiff, and Sudan black B. Blood films from tegu 1 were also stained with a second ALP stain (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate and nitroblue tetrazolium substrate), Luna, luxol fast blue, and toluidine blue. The blood from tegu 1 was cytocentrifuged to isolate and fix the buffy coat in glutaraldehyde 2.5% aqueous solution for transmission electron microscopy. Six morphologically distinct WBC types were identified from tegu 1, including heterophils, basophils, monocytes, azurophils, lymphocytes, and the unique WBC type, which were identified as eosinophils with inclusions. WBC types in tegu 2 were similar; however, eosinophils lacked a discernable inclusion. Proper WBC identification will be useful in obtaining accurate hemogram data for this species.
Second Victim Experience: A Dynamic Process Conditioned by the Environment. A Qualitative Research
Authors: Brunelli Maria Victoria , Seisdedos Mariana Graciela , Maluenda Martinez Maria
Published: June 2024

Objectives

When adverse events (AE) occur, there are different consequences for healthcare professionals. The environment in which professionals work can influence the experience. This study aims to explore the experiences of second victims (SV) among health professionals in Argentina.

Methods

A phenomenological study was used with in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals. Audio recordings and verbatim transcriptions were analyzed independently for themes, subthemes, and codes.

Results

Three main themes emerged from the analysis: navigating the experience, the environment, and the turning point. Subthemes were identified for navigating the experience to describe the process: receiving the impact, transition, and taking action.

Conclusion

SVs undergo a process after an AE. The environment is part of this experience. It is a turning point in SVs’ professional and personal lives. Improving the psychological safety (PS) environment is essential for ensuring the safety of SVs.
Great-Grandmother, Grandmother, Mother, and Me: A Search for My Roots through Research-based theatre
Authors: Lyngstad Mette Bøe
Published: June 2024

In this article I present how I use Research-based theatre (RbT) to better comprehend my own roots, history, and multiple selves. The purpose of this research project is also for me to explore RbT before I invite my oral storytelling students to do the same. Using RbT as my central methodology, I have explored my own and others’ narratives by using an aesthetic, arts-based approach. Drama conventions used as research methods serve as a catalyst for opening up creative processes and generating a desire to dig more deeply into stories of my maternal ancestry.