bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paradigma Baru dalam Kurikulum Prototipe
Authors: Faiz Aiman , Parhan Muhamad , Ananda Rizki
Published: March 2022

Tujuan artikel ini untuk mendeskripsikan secara konseptual kurikulum prototipe yang akan diterapkan pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian studi pustaka dengan metode deskriptif. Tujuannya untuk mendeskripsikan hasil temuan pustaka yang diambil dari artikel, web, steaming youtube terkait dengan topik yang dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam mempersiapkan kondisi zaman, maka pendidikan harus terus bergerak secara dinamis mengedepankan sikap proaktif dalam menghadapi perubahan secara progresif dan transformatif ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Kurikulum prototipe merupakan salah satu upaya transformasi pendidikan di Indonesia. Arah pengembangan kurikulum prototipe memiliki khas yang menjadi pendukung dalam upaya pemulihan belajar. Kurikulum Prototipe yang akan diterapkan oleh Kemendikbud-Ristek pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023 memiliki tujuan yang sangat baik yaitu menginginkan pembelajaran lebih aktif dan adaptif dengan memberikan keleluasaan bagi pendidik untuk menjalankan proses pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada proyek pembelajaran. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut maka dukungan dan kerjakeras dari berbagai pihak sangat dibutuhkan guna mewujudkan pendidikan Indonesia yang lebih baik lagi dan lebih maju lagi.
Problems that Classroom Teachers Encounter in the Education Process of Syrian Migrant Students in Turkey
Authors:   Ministry of National Education, Turkey, Gür Cemil , Dumancı Veysal , Gümüştaş Hikmet , Toprak Sibel , Ateş Ali
Published: March 2022

With this research, it is aimed to determine the problems faced by classroom teachers who have Syrian immigrant students in their classrooms in Turkey. The research was designed as a single case study, one of the qualitative research methods. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. The participants of the research are 10 classroom teachers. The data of the research were collected through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis method. According to the findings, the most basic problem in the education process of primary school teachers with immigrant children in their class is the language problem. The language problem creates communication problems with immigrant children and their parents. While some of the teachers who have immigrant children in their class see this as an advantage, some see it as a disadvantage due to the problems they experience. Teachers offered solutions for children, parents and teachers to cope with the problem situations they experienced in their classrooms.
Law enforcement crowdsourcing initiatives: a Systematic Literature Review to identify key design elements.
Authors: Estellés-Arolas Enrique
Published: March 2022

Collective Intelligence on the Internet,
managed through crowdsourcing, has allowed Internet users to put their eyes,
ears, and minds at the service of professional security forces. The general
objective is to support the security actions that these agencies carry out to
ensure a safer society. Given the relevance of this topic, this paper studies
through a systematic literature review how Collective Intelligence is being
used as a support tool for the formal social control exercised by both states’
security forces and professional corporations. Using a morphological approach,
the paper also structures the eight basic general crowdsourcing elements
(crowd, crowdsourcer, task, technology, crowd reward, crowdsourcer reward,
participatory process, and open call) into a conceptual framework to present an
integrated overview of the design options of the formal social control
crowdsourcing initiatives studied. This analysis also allows to identify
different relevant interdependencies between design elements.
Marine ecosystem changepoints spread under ocean warming in an Earth System Model
Authors: Cael B. B. , Begouen Demeaux Charlotte , Henson Stephanie , Stock Charles , Gonzalez Taboada Fernando , John Jasmin , Barton Andrew
Published: March 2022

Sudden shifts in marine plankton communities in response to environmental changes are of special concern because of their low predictability and high potential impacts on ocean ecosystems. We explored how anthropogenic climate change influences the spatial extent and frequency of changepoints in plankton populations by comparing the behavior of a plankton community in a coupled Earth System Model under pre-industrial, historical 20th-century, and projected 21st-century forcing. The ocean areas where surface ocean temperature, nutrient concentrations, and different plankton types exhibited changepoints expanded over time. In contrast, regional hotspots where changepoints occur frequently largely disappeared. Heterotrophy and larger organism sizes were associated with more changepoints. In the pre-industrial and 20th century, plankton changepoints were associated with shifts in physical fronts, and more often with changepoints for iron and silicate than for nitrate and phosphate. In the 21st century, climate change disrupts these interannual-variability-driven changepoint patterns. Together, our results suggest anthropogenic climate change may drive less frequent but more widespread changepoints simultaneously affecting several components of pelagic food webs.
Relational thinking: An overlooked component of executive functioning
Authors: Starr Ariel , Leib Elena R , Younger Jessica Wise , Uncapher Melina , Bunge Silvia A.
Published: March 2022

Relational thinking, the ability to represent abstract, generalizable relations, is a core component of reasoning and human cognition. Relational thinking contributes to fluid reasoning and academic achievement, particularly in the domain of math. However, due to the complex nature of many fluid reasoning tasks, it has been difficult to determine the degree to which relational thinking has a separable role from cognitive processes collectively known as executive functions (EFs). Here, we used a simplified reasoning task to better understand how relational thinking contributes to math achievement in a large, diverse sample of elementary and middle school students (N = 942). Students also performed a set of ten adaptive EF assessments, as well as tests of math fluency and fraction magnitude comparison. We found that relational thinking was significantly correlated with each of the three EF composite scores previously derived from this dataset, albeit no more strongly than they were with each other. Further, relational thinking predicted unique variance in students’ math fluency and fraction magnitude comparison scores over and above the three EF composites. Thus, we propose that relational thinking be considered an EF in its own right as one of the core mid-level cognitive abilities that supports cognition and goal-directed behavior.
Teachers’ Achievement Goals and Teaching Practices: A Lesson Diary Approach
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Fasching Michaela , Dickhäuser Oliver , Dresel Markus
Published: March 2022

That teachers’ achievement goals matter for teaching practices is an important premise of teacher motivation research. However, this notion is still little understood, particularly as most studies on this topic use global self-reports of overarching teaching practices. We therefore differentiate between ten teaching practices central to motivating lessons and introduce a diary approach for assessing them. Following a baseline achievement goal questionnaire, 134 German high school teachers completed 670 standardized lesson diaries concerning their subsequent lessons. Multilevel analyses illuminated robust linkages between teachers’ goals and teaching practices and speak to the merits of a diary approach for assessing teaching practices.
Nudging Parents and Teachers to Improve Learning and Reduce Child Labor in Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Wolf Sharon , Lichand Guilherme
Published: March 2022

There is a growing literature on the potential of text-message-based nudge interventions to increase parent engagement and improve child learning outcomes. It is unknown whether these interventions can be effective across diverse contexts such as rural West Africa, where child labor is common and learning outcomes are very low. We use a school-randomized trial to test the impacts of a text-message intervention (two messages per week for the duration of one school year) to parents and teachers of second and fourth grade students (N = 198 classrooms, 2,243 students) in rural Cote d’Ivoire. Schools (N = 100) were randomly assigned to have messages sent to (i) parents alone, (ii) teachers alone, (iii) parents and teachers together, and (iv) control. Impacts are found only for the intervention arm targeting parents alone. Specifically, we find positive marginally statistically significant impacts on child numeracy (d = 0.07, p < .09) and increases in child labor based on child-reports (d = 0.11, p < .05). Implications are discussed for nudge-based interventions, international education, child labor, and parent engagement.
Promoting visual long-term memories: When do we learn from repetitions of visuospatial arrays?
Authors: Souza Alessandra S. , Oberauer Klaus
Published: March 2022

Repeated exposure is assumed to promote long-term learning. This is demonstrated by the so-called “Hebb-effect”: when short lists of verbal or spatial materials are presented sequentially for an immediate serial recall test, recall improves with list repetition. This repetition benefit, however, is not ubiquitous. Previous studies found little or no performance improvement for repetitions of visuospatial arrays (e.g., arrays of colored squares). Across eight experiments with college students and Prolific samples, we investigated which factors promote visuospatial learning by testing all combinations of variables distinguishing between visual-array tasks (brief + simultaneous presentation + a single recognition test) and tasks showing the Hebb effect (slow + sequential presentation + recall test probing all items). Participants profited from repetitions when all items were tested with a recall procedure, but not if the test consisted of recognition. Hence, the key to promote long-term learning is to recall all of the memorized information over the short-term.
Vozes, memórias e conflitos: um olhar sobre a narrativa no jornalismo contemporâneo
Authors: Reis Mariana
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo propõe um olhar sobre narrativas contemporâneas de não-ficção, com enfoque em produções jornalísticas realizadas sobre conflitos sociopolíticos contemporâneos, especialmente na visão de pessoas que viveram essas realidades. Parte-se do pressuposto de que tal relato atualiza parte de suas histórias, possibilitando, ainda, a criação de novas versões sobre elas. Nossa hipótese é que, no que diz respeito ao discurso jornalístico, esses dizeres possam subverter relações de poder na medida em que permitem a troca de lugar de fala, conferem empoderamento ao enunciador e revificam memórias, ao mesmo tempo em que permitem a emergência da subjetividade no discurso jornalístico.
LQ45 Stock Index Abnormal Return Reaction to the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Even Study Methodology
Authors: Solihin Ikin , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Ugut Gracia Shinta S. , Hulu Edison
Published: March 2022

LQ45 Index stocks are liquid stocks with high market capitalization, have a high trading frequency, growth prospects, and fairly good financial conditions, are not volatile and have been objectively selected by the IDX. This research aims to determine the abnormal return of LQ45 Stock Index to the covid-19 pandemic. This research uses even study method with population consisted entirely of daily data from the ten most populous cities in the United States. The result of this study shows that there are significant differences in abnormal returns before and after the announcement of the Covid-19 pandemic by WHO. The announcement of this pandemic is responded to as a negative signal by investors so that information regarding the announcement of the Covid-19 pandemic by the WHO is responded to early and at the time of launching the information no longer had any effect because the prices had moved towards equilibrium. The future research that extend the research time period and include other external factors such as lockdown policies or inflation is needed as the limitation in this research.
Evaluation of organic matter, subsurface temperature and pressure with regard to gas generation in low-permeability upper cretaceous and lower tertiary sandstones in Pacific Creek area, Sublette and Sweetwater counties, Wyoming
Authors: Law Ben E , Spencer Charles W. , Bostick Neely H.
Published: March 2022

Investigations of a sequence of Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks in the Pacific Creek area of the northeastern Green River Basin show that studies of organic matter content, type, and maturity in conjunction with subsurface temperature and reservoir pressure, will help define prospective gas-saturated intervals and delineate areas of maximum gas-resource potential. The onset of overpressuring occurs at about 11,600 ft (3,500 m) , near the base of the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation. Drill stem test data indicate that at about 12,800 ft (3,900 m) the pressure gradient is as high as 0.94 psi/ft (19.0 kPa/m). The development of overpressuring may involve several processes; however, interpretation of the available information indicates that active generation of large amounts of wet gas is one of the more important processes. Nearly coincident with the top of overpressuring is a reversal of the spontaneous potential (SP) curve that we believe is caused by a reduction of formation water salinity. We Interpret that the very small amounts of water produced during thermochemical decomposition of organic matter and the dehydration of clays during clay transformation may provide enough low-salinity water to effectively dilute the original formation water to a degree that the formation water resistivity greater than the mud filtrate resistivity. Microscopic and geochemical evaluation of organic matter shows that the analyzed samples contain cominantly humic-type kerogen. Total organic carbon contents of 26 samples range from 0.25 to 7.84 weight percent. Most samples exceed 0.5 percent organic carbon and the average is 1.38 percent. A vertial profile of organic maturation, determined by vitrinite reflectance and color alteration of organic material, shows that the top of overpressuring and beginning of important wet-qas generation occur at vitrinite reflectance values of 0.74 to 9.25 and color alteration values of about 2.8. The present minimum temperature at the top of overpressuring is at least 190°F (88°C) as determined from uncorrected bottom-hole temperatures recorded during logging of wells drilled in the area. The preservation of abnormally high pressures is probably due to presently active generation of gas in a thick interval of discontinuous, very low-permeability shales, siltstones, and sandstones.
Pennsylvanian mud mound, Hermosa group, Southeastern Colorado
Authors: Mack Greg H. , Miller Mary Lynne
Published: March 2022

A mixed organic-hydrodynamic origin Is suggested for a carbonate mud mound In the Pennsylvanian Hermosa Group, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. The lower portion of the mound consists of fossiliferous wackestone composed of phylloid algae, echinoderm plates, foraminifera and other subordinate fossil types. A systematic increase in the percentage of phylloid algae toward the center of the mound suggests that the mound originated as algal bank. The algal mound differs from more abundant phylloid algal mounds in the Hermosa Group to the southwest of the study area by being smaller in size, by lacking spar cement, and by having a smaller percentage of algae in a matrix-supported texture. The mound eventually grew into a hydrodynamic barrier. Currents of varying strength transported and deposited peloidal packstone, peloidal grainstone, and peloidal-intraclastic-oolitic grainstone on top of the mound. Breccla zones at the crest of the mound, interpreted to be the result of subaerial exposure, indicate that deposition ceased as growth of the mound reached sea level.
Cenozoic Tectonic History of the Great Plains Contrasted with that of the Southern Rocky Mountains: A Synthesis
Authors: Trimble Donald E.
Published: March 2022

The Cenozoic tectonic history of the Southern Rocky Mountains has been interpreted in some detail, but the corresponding history of the Great Plains has not received similar attention. This evaluation of significant datum levels in the Great Plains at different times during the Cenozoic indicates that during the Laramide, when the mountains possibly were uplifted more than six thousand meters, the Great Plains remained tectonically stable and was only slightly depressed locally by isostatic response. Post-early Oligocene (post-Wall Mountain Tuff) uplift of both the Great Plains and the Southern Rocky Mountains was of the same broad order of magnitude, and most of this uplift occurred after the end of deposition of the Ogallala Formation, 5 to 6 million years ago. Lack of tectonic effects in the Great Plains during Laramide time suggests that Laramide uplift of the mountains was the result of vertical rather than horizontal or compressional forces.
Differentiation of Delta-Front and Barrier Lithofacies of the Upper Cretaceous Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, Southwest San Juan Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Flores Romeo , Erpenbeck Michael
Published: March 2022

The Upper Cretaceous Pictured Cliffs Sandstone represents a regressive littoral marine unit deposited during the final retreat of the Cretaceous epeiric sea in the southwestern San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Differences in rock type, internal and penecontemporaneous deformation structures, textural sequences, mineral composition, and trace fossil content permit recognition of laterally contemporaneous delta-front and barrier lithofacies in the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone. The delta-front lithofacies consists of distal bar, distributary mouth bar, and distributary channel deposits. The barrier lithofacies consists of shoreface, beach, washover channel, tidal inlet, tidal channel, and ebb-tidal delta deposits; these lithofacies are coarsening-upward sequences of shale, siltstone, and sandstone, locally scoured in the upper part by fining-upward channel deposits. The delta-front lithofacies contain abundant penecontemporaneous deformation structures in the form of ball-and-pillow, diapiric, and slump structures as well as convolute bedding and microfaults. In contrast, the laterally equivalent shoreface deposits of the barrier lithofacies lack these deformation structures. The channel deposits of the delta-front lithofacies contain large-scale convolute lamination and a few burrows, in contrast to the channel deposits of the barrier lithofacies, which contain common herring­bone crossbeds separated by reactivation surfaces, bidirectional but ebb dominated festoon crossbeds, and more abundant burrows. Quartz content of the barrier lithofacies varies from 43 to 74 percent, whereas in the delta­ front lithofacies it varies from 29 to 60 percent. The difference in quartz content between these lithofacies suggests some cleaning-up process in the deposition of the barrier lithofacies, particularly in the preserved beach deposit. The delta-front and barrier lithofacies were probably deposited along mesotidal shorelines. The recognition of laterally contemporaneous delta-front and barrier lithofacies of the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone allows delineation of potentially economic coal-producing deposits in the delta-plain lithofacies flanked by back­ barrier lithofacies in the overlying prograded Fruitland Formation.
DESAIN PENDEKATAN EMOTIF DALAM MENURUNKAN PERILAKU AGRESIF KLIEN DI BALAI REHABILITASI SOSIAL KORBAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA GALIH PAKUAN BOGOR
Authors: Sihombing Erniwati , Marbun Jumayar , Subardhini Meiti
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah klien yang mengalami agresivitas, baik agresivitas emosional maupun instrumental saat menjalani program rehabilitasi sosial di BRSKPN Galih Pakuan Bogor. Pada dasarnya manusia menyimpan sesuatu yang bersifat emotif daripada yang bersifat logika sehingga kejadian emotif akan mudah tersimpan dalam memori jangka panjang manusia tersebut. Pendekatan emotif adalah suatu usaha untuk mengunggah perasaan individu dalam meyakini, memahami dan menghayati sesuatu. Pendekatan emotif merupakan serangkaian terapi yang melibatkan kognitif, emotif dan perilaku dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif korban penyalahgunaan NAPZA yang sedang menjalani program rehabilitasi sosial. Pendekatan emotif dalam penelitian ini terdari dari REBT, teknik relaksasi dan terapi kursi kosong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris dan melakukan analisis tentang 1) Pendekatan emotif dalam menurunkan perilaku agresivitas instrumental dan verbal 2) menyusun desain pendekatan emotif dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif melalui penelusuran praktik sendiri dan praktik orang lain serta studi literatur dan 3) menyempurnakan desain pendekatan emotif dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian data sekunder dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian menggunakan sumber datasekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur dan hasil praktik orang lain. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah pemeriksaan keabsahan kepercayaan (credibility), keteralihan (transferability), ketergantungan (dependability), dan kepastian (Confirmability). Teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif dan Expert Judgment.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain pendekatan emotif dirancang untuk memberikan sejumlah terapi dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif klien. Desain ini melibatkan konselor adiksi dan pekerja sosial adiksi sebagai terapis.
Dynamization–Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Hemodialysis-Related Spondyloarthropathy: Evaluation of the Radiographic Outcomes and Reoperation Rate within 2 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Yasukawa Taiki , Ohya Junichi , Kawamura Naohiro , Yoshida Yuichi , Onishi Yuki , Kohata Kazuhiro , Kakuta Yohei , Nagatani Satoshi , Kudo Yoshifumi , Shirahata Toshiyuki , Kunogi Junichi
Published: March 2022

Study Design: Clinical case series.Purpose: This study aimed to report dynamization–posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), our surgical treatment for hemodialysisrelated spondyloarthropathy (HSA), and investigate patients’ postoperative course within 2 years.Overview of Literature: HSA often requires lumbar fusion surgery. Conventional PLIF for HSA may cause progressive destructive changes in the vertebral endplate, leading to progressive cage subsidence, pedicle screw loosening, and pseudoarthrosis. A dynamic stabilization system might be effective in patients with a poor bone quality. Thus, we performed “dynamization–PLIF” in hemodialysis patients with destructive vertebral endplate changes.Methods: We retrospectively examined patients with HSA who underwent dynamization–PLIF at our hospital between April 2010 and March 2018. The radiographic measurements included lumbar lordosis and local lordosis in the fused segment. The evaluation points were before surgery, immediately after surgery, 1 year after surgery, and 2 years after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative radiographic findings were compared using a paired t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: We included 50 patients (28 males, 22 females). Lumbar lordosis and local lordosis were significantly improved through dynamization– PLIF (lumbar lordosis, 28.4°–35.5°; local lordosis, 2.7°–12.8°; p<0.01). The mean local lordosis was maintained throughout the postoperative course at 1- and 2-year follow-up (12.9°–12.8°, p=0.89 and 12.9°–11.8°, p=0.07, respectively). Solid fusion was achieved in 59 (89%) of 66 fused segments. Solid fusion of all fixed segments was achieved in 42 cases (84%). Within 2 years postoperatively, only six cases (12%) were reoperated (two, surgical debridement for surgical site infection; two, reoperation for pedicle screw loosening; one, laminectomy for epidural hematoma; one, additional fusion for adjacent segment disease).Conclusions: Dynamization–PLIF showed local lordosis improvement, a high solid fusion rate, and a low reoperation rate within 2 years of follow-up.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INVESTASI, INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI (Studi Pada Sumatera Barat Tahun 2010-2019)
Authors: Meidona Syofria , Prastama Virell , Amran Elsa Fitri
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine how to analyze the effect of investment,  human development index and labor on the economic growth of West Sumatra in the 2010-2019 period. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely panel data consisting of time series data over a period of ten years, namely 2010-2019.  The method used for sampling  this research using saturated  sampling. This study uses the SPSS program  version 23. Based on the hypothesis  testing  carried out using multiple linear regression analysis with the results Y = 20.139 +0.001 X1 - 0.208 X2 - 0.017 X3 at a significance level of 0.05 on the three variables, with an investment value of tcount 0.774   0.05 indicates  a positive  direction,  HDI tcount  -3.360>  t table 1.943,  sig value 0.015 <0.05 indicates  negative direction, and Labor tcount 0.774   0.05 indicates  Negative  direction,  the results  of this study prove  that partially  the human development index has an effect on economic growth, while the investment and labor variables have no  effect  on  economic  growth.  The  results  of  simultaneous   research   on  investment,   human development  index,  and  labor  have a significant  effect  on economic  growth  with tcount  5,137> ttable 4,76, sig value 0.043 <0.05.
ANALISIS KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR WALI NAGARI BARINGIN KECAMATAN LIMA KAUM: DETERMINASI KOMPENSASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA
Authors: Shabri Husni , Yasri Aini , Putra Muhammad Deni
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai kantor wali nagari Baringin Lima Kaum. Jenis penelitin ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kompensasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai secara parsial, namun disiplin kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai kantor wali nagari Baringin. Sedangkan secara simultan kompensasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai kantor wali nagari Baringin Kecamatan Lima Kaum. Hasil peneilian ini memiliki kontribusi bagi manajemen kontor wali nagari dalam meningkat kinerja pegawai di masa yang akan datang.
PENGARUH PENGENAAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN) TERHADAP DAYA BELI KONSUMEN BARANG ELEKTRONIK DI PASAR BATUSANGKAR
Authors: Farina Desy , Candra Revi , Irawan Yudi , Irawan Yudi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pengenaan PPN terhadap daya beli konsumen barang elektronik di pasar Batusangkar. Penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan di pasar Batusangkar pada toko elektronik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Deskriftif Kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen barang elektronik di pasar Batusangkar, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling, jumlah sampel ditentukan sebanyak 50 orang dari jumlah polulasi sebanyak 100 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi linier sederhana, sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa adanya pengaruh pajak pertambahan nilai terhadap daya beli konsumen barang elektronik di pasar Batusangkar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan koefisien korelasi antara Pajak Pertambahan Nilai dengan Daya Beli sebesar 0,812 yang bearti korelasi positif dan mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat, Artinya jika harga naik maka daya beli konsumen akan menurun mengakibatkan pajak yang dikenekan berupa PPN juga akan menurun.Kata Kunci : Pajak Pertambahan Nilai, Daya Beli Konsumen
Theory Roulette: Choosing that Climate Change is not a Tragedy of the Commons
Authors: Ortmann Jakob , Veit Walter
Published: March 2022

Climate change mitigation has become a paradigm case both for externalities in general and for the game-theoretic model of the Tragedy of the Commons (ToC) in particular. This situation is worrying, as we have reasons to suspect that some models in the social sciences are apt to be performative to the extent that they can become self-fulfilling prophecies. Framing climate change mitigation as a hardly solvable coordination problem may force us into a worse situation, by changing real-world behaviour to fit our model, rather than the other way around. But while this problem of the performativity of the ToC has been noted in a recent paper in this journal by Matthew Kopec, his proposed strategies for dealing with their self-fulfilling nature fall short of providing an adequate solution. Instead of relying on the idea that modelling assumptions are always strictly speaking false, this paper shows that the problem may be better framed as a problem of underdetermination between competing explanations. Our goal here is to provide a framework for choosing between this set of competing models that allows us to avoid a ‘Russian Roulette’-like situation in which we gamble with existential risk.
Cognitive and Functional Abilities in an Older Adult Veteran Before and After Contracting COVID-19
Authors: Okolichany Ronald , Padala Prasad R. , Mooney Scott
Published: March 2022

Background:

A 76-year-old male Veteran with a historical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment was assessed at baseline and follow-up as part of two separate, ongoing studies. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 during the interim.

Objective:

To report potential effects on cognitive and functional abilities measured before and after contracting COVID-19.

Methods:

The patient was administered a series of cognitive tests and self-report procedures assessing cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric status.

Results:

Overall, no discernable pattern of cognitive changes between pre-COVID and post-COVID assessments were noted. Only mild increases in agitation, depression, and irritability were noted on a self-report measure. However, this particular subject has relatively ideal psychosocial circumstances in comparison to the typical older adult Veteran male. It is hypothesized that improved psychosocial conditions will result in less negative cognitive and functional outcomes for older adults diagnosed with COVID-19.

Conclusion:

High levels of resilience, social support, and exercise, coupled with lower levels of perceived stress and loneliness may serve as protective factors against cognitive and functional decline in older adults who contract COVID-19.
Dynamics of information leadership in the volatility complex with trading time changes: Evidence from VIX futures and VIX ETPs
Authors: Hurwitz Catalina I. , Mishra Suchismita , Daigler Robert T. , Badshah Ihsan
Published: March 2022

We examine the effect of VIX futures’ new trading hours on price discovery as these causal relations have not been investigated before and are consequential for regulators and practitioners involved in the VIX futures market. Our data include VIX futures and VIX ETPs for four different periods in which trading hours were changed. Employing three different measures of information share, we find that VXX ETN leads VIX futures in 2009 and 2010, while in 2011 and 2013, the ETPs’ leadership varies depending on the exchange-traded product under consideration. Furthermore, in 2013 before the change of trading hours, the VIX futures contribute more to price discovery than they do after trading hours expansion. Less of the price discovery occurs from the exchange-traded products in the latter half of the trading period in 2010. OLS regression results of the determinants of price discovery as well as panel regression results show that the effect of volume and spread, which are the main determinants of price discovery in the prior literature, change significantly before and after futures trading hour expansions, for both VIX futures and ETPs.
BFO: Basic Formal Ontology1
Authors: Otte J. Neil , Beverley John , Ruttenberg Alan
Published: March 2022

Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology consisting of thirty-six classes, designed to support information integration, retrieval, and analysis across all domains of scientific investigation, presently employed in over 350 ontology projects around the world. BFO is a genuine top-level ontology, containing no terms particular to material domains, such as physics, medicine, or psychology. In this paper, we demonstrate how a series of cases illustrating common types of change may be represented by universals, defined classes, and relations employing the BFO framework. We provide discussion of these cases to provide a template for other ontologists using BFO, as well as to facilitate comparison with the strategies proposed by ontologists using different top-level ontologies.
Mass spectrometry, data re-analysis, and homology modelling predict posttranslational modifications of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein as a marker of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Majek Pavel , Sovova Zofie , Pecankova Klara , Cermak Jaroslav , Gasova Zdenka , Pecherkova Pavla , Ignjatovic Vera , Dyr Jan E.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) has been repeatedly proposed as a potential plasma biomarker for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). OBJECTIVE: The goal of our work was to establish the total LRG plasma level and LRG posttranslational modifications (PTMs) as a suitable MDS biomarker. METHODS: The total plasma LRG concentration was determined with ELISA, whilst the LRG-specific PTMs and their locations, were established using mass spectrometry and public mass spectrometry data re-analysis. Homology modelling and sequence analysis were used to establish the potential impact of PTMs on LRG functions via their impact on the LRG structure. RESULTS: While the results showed that the total LRG plasma concentration is not a suitable MDS marker, alterations within two LRG sites correlated with MDS diagnosis (p= 0.0011). Sequence analysis and the homology model suggest the influence of PTMs within the two LRG sites on the function of this protein. CONCLUSIONS: We report the presence of LRG proteoforms that correlate with diagnosis in the plasma of MDS patients. The combination of mass spectrometry, re-analysis of publicly available data, and homology modelling, represents an approach that can be used for any protein to predict clinically relevant protein sites for biomarker research despite the character of the PTMs being unknown.
MicroRNA-223-3p inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via directly targeting NLRP3 and FOXO3
Authors: Xu Wei , Qian Lei , Yuan Xiaoyan , Lu Yong
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis (AS), and the low miR-223-3p level is observed in AS patients. However, the function and mechanism behind miR-223-3p in AS progression have not been fully elucidated. METHOD: In the present study, THP-1 cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were employed as the cell model of AS. The expression levels of miR-223-3p, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, cleaved interleukin 18 (IL-18), cleaved IL-1β, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot (WB) analyses. The relationship between miR-223-3p and FOXO3 or NLRP3 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The production of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α was examined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: MiR-223-3p was decreased in AS patients and ox-LDL-induced THP-1 cells, and its upregulation downregulated the abundance of NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved IL-18, cleaved IL-1β, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in THP-1 cells treated with ox-LDL or not, and the depletion of miR-223-3p revealed an opposite phenomenon. NLPR3 and FOXO3 were identified as two authentic targets of miR-223-3p. Knockdown of NLRP3 or FOXO3 reversed the stimulatory effect of the miR-223-3p inhibitor on the inflammatory responses of THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that miR-223-3p inhibited ox-LDL-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via directly targeting NLRP3 and FOXO3 in THP-1 cells, which offered a prospective therapeutic target for AS therapy.
Differential sensitivity of assays for determining vein endothelial cell senescence
Authors: Lau S. , Gossen M. , Lendlein A. , Jung F.
Published: March 2022

In vivo endothelialization of polymer-based cardiovascular implant materials is a promising strategy to reduce the risk of platelet adherence and the subsequent thrombus formation and implant failure. However, endothelial cells from elderly patients are likely to exhibit a senescent phenotype that may counteract endothelialization. The senescence status of cells should therefore be investigated prior to implantation of devices designed to be integrated in the blood vessel wall. Here, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultivated up to passage (P) 4, 10 and 26/27 to determine the population doubling time and the senescence status by four different methods. Determination of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-Gal) was carried out by colorimetric staining and microscopy (i), as well as by photometric quantification (ii), and the expression of senescence-associated nuclear proteins p16 and p21 as well as the proliferation marker Ki67 was assessed by immunostaining (iii), and by flow cytometry (iv). The population doubling time of P27-cells was remarkably greater (103±65 h) compared to P4-cells (24±3 h) and P10-cell (37±15 h). Among the four different methods tested, the photometric SA-β-Gal activity assay and the flow cytometric determination of p16 and Ki67 were most effective in discriminating P27-cells from P4- and P10-cells. These methods combined with functional endothelial cell analyses might aid predictions on the performance of implant endothelialization in vivo.
Acyclic and Cyclic Reversing Computations in Petri Nets
Authors: Barylska Kamila , Gogolińska Anna
Published: March 2022

Reversible computations constitute an unconventional form of computing where any sequence of performed operations can be undone by executing in reverse order at any point during a computation. It has been attracting increasing attention as it provides opportunities for low-power computation, being at the same time essential or eligible in various applications. In recent work, we have proposed a structural way of translating Reversing Petri Nets (RPNs) – a type of Petri nets that embeds reversible computation, to bounded Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) – an extension of traditional Petri Nets, where tokens carry data values. Three reversing semantics are possible in RPNs: backtracking (reversing of the lately executed action), causal reversing (action can be reversed only when all its effects have been undone) and out of causal reversing (any previously performed action can be reversed). In this paper, we extend the RPN to CPN translation with formal proofs of correctness. Moreover, the possibility of introduction of cycles to RPNs is discussed. We analyze which type of cycles could be allowed in RPNs to ensure consistency with the current semantics. It emerged that the most interesting case related to cycles in RPNs occurs in causal semantics, where various interpretations of dependency result in different net’s behaviour during reversing. Three definitions of dependence are presented and discussed.
A Polynomial-Time Construction of a Hitting Set for Read-Once Branching Programs of Width 3
Authors: Šíma Jiří , Žák Stanislav
Published: March 2022

Recently, an interest in constructing pseudorandom or hitting set generators for restricted branching programs has increased, which is motivated by the fundamental issue of derandomizing space-bounded computations. Such constructions have been known only in the case of width 2 and in very restricted cases of bounded width. In this paper, we characterize the hitting sets for read-once branching programs of width 3 by a so-called richness condition. Namely, we show that such sets hit the class of read-once conjunctions of DNF and CNF (i.e. the weak richness). Moreover, we prove that any rich set extended with all strings within Hamming distance of 3 is a hitting set for read-once branching programs of width 3. Then, we show that any almost O(log n)-wise independent set satisfies the richness condition. By using such a set due to Alon et al. (1992) our result provides an explicit polynomial-time construction of a hitting set for read-once branching programs of width 3 with acceptance probability ɛ > 5/6. We announced this result at conferences more than ten years ago, including only proof sketches, which motivated a number of subsequent results on pseudorandom generators for restricted read-once branching programs. This paper contains our original detailed proof that has not been published yet.
Potential Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Dementia in Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology
Authors: Kok Frédérique K. , van Leerdam Suzanne L. , de Lange Elizabeth C.M.
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and typically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. Intriguingly, there also exists a group of elderly which do not develop dementia during their life, despite the AD neuropathology, the so-called non-demented individuals with AD neuropathology (NDAN). In this review, we provide extensive background on AD pathology and normal aging and discuss potential mechanisms that enable these NDAN individuals to remain cognitively intact. Studies presented in this review show that NDAN subjects are generally higher educated and have a larger cognitive reserve. Furthermore, enhanced neural hypertrophy could compensate for hippocampal and cingulate neural atrophy in NDAN individuals. On a cellular level, these individuals show increased levels of neural stem cells and ‘von Economo neurons’. Furthermore, in NDAN brains, binding of Aβ oligomers to synapses is prevented, resulting in decreased glial activation and reduced neuroinflammation. Overall, the evidence stated here strengthens the idea that some individuals are more resistant to AD pathology, or at least show an elongation of the asymptomatic state of the disease compared to others. Insights into the mechanisms underlying this resistance could provide new insight in understanding normal aging and AD itself. Further research should focus on factors and mechanisms that govern the NDAN cognitive resilience in order to find clues on novel biomarkers, targets, and better treatments of AD.
Sex and Gender Differences in Environmental Influences on Dementia Incidence in Germany, 2014–2019: An Observational Cohort Study Based on Health Claims Data
Authors: Kreft Daniel , Doblhammer Gabriele
Published: March 2022

Background: There is an ongoing debate about whether environmental characteristics influence dementia risk like individual traits do, and whether these differ by sex and gender. Objective: This study examines the influence of regional characteristics on the incidence of dementia and explores sex and gender differences using individual-level health information and regional characteristics. Methods: Using a random sample of 250,000 people aged 70 + insured through Germany’s largest German public health agency, we analyzed quarterly data about diagnoses and place of residence from 2014 to 2019. Using five-digit postal codes, we added data on various dimensions of regional characteristics offered by the INKAR database and the 2011 Census database. We used multilevel survival regressions to tease out regional incidence differences while accounting for spatial clustering. Results: After adjusting for multi-morbidity and relocation-related selection bias, we saw that people living in regions with the highest tertile of income (HR = 0.87, p < 0.001), and who had the highest tertile of remaining life expectancy at age 60 (HR = 0.93, p = 0.012) had lower dementia risks. There was no gender difference in the regional income effect, but the effect of education (HR = 0.91, p = 0.015) was significant only for men and remaining life-expectancy was significant only for women (HR = 0.93, p = 0.026). Conclusion: Environmental characteristics related to wealth and health resources of a region influence the risk of dementia among the elderly in Germany. This effect is independent of the health profiles of the individuals and differs between the two genders. Health policies need to acknowledge these modifiable risk factors and consider how they affect men and women differently.
Reduced Vision-Related Quality of Life in Dementia: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Tyler Samantha L. , Maltby John , Paterson Kevin B. , Hutchinson Claire V.
Published: March 2022

Background: Despite experimental evidence for concurrent dementia and visual impairment, there are no currently validated vision-related quality of life measures for use in this population. Objective: To establish the extent to which individuals with mild to moderate dementia self-report visual impairment and determine the efficacy of established vision-related quality of life measures for use in a dementia population. Methods: We compared vision-related quality of life in participants with mild-moderate dementia to healthy (dementia-free) older adults using two existing questionnaire measures already validated for use in older adults. These were the Visual Activities Questionnaire (VAQ) and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25). Results: Responses on both the VAQ and VFQ-25 revealed a significant effect of dementia on self-reported vision-related quality of life. Visual impairment in dementia was identified in the domains of color discrimination, disability glare, light/dark adaption, acuity/spatial vision, depth perception, peripheral vision, visual search, and visual processing speed. Factor analysis of the data suggested that existing vision-related quality of life measures, designed for use in older adult populations, are likely to provide a robust means of assessing vision-related quality of life in older adults with dementia. This is particularly true of the VAQ, for which one latent factor emerged for both dementia and dementia-free samples. Conclusion: Using existing measures designed for use in older adult populations, we have shown that people with dementia experience reduced vision-related quality of life.