bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural and engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Qing Guangchao , Gong Ningqiang , Chen Xiaohui , Chen Jing , Zhang Hong , Wang Yongchao , Wang Ruifang , Zhang Shouwen , Zhang Zhen , Zhao Xianxian , Luo Yang , Liang Xing-Jie
Published: October 2019

Bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) is a kind of spherical lipid bilayer nanostructure naturally secreted by bacteria, which has diverse functions such as intracellular and extracellular communication, horizontal gene transfer, transfer of contents to host cells, and eliciting an immune response in host cells. In this review, several methods including ultracentrifugation and precipitation for isolating OMVs were summarized. The latest progresses of OMVs in biomedical fields, especially in vaccine development, cancer treatment, infection control, and bioimaging and detection were also summarized in this review. We highlighted the importance of genetic engineering for the safe and effective application and in facilitating the rapid development of OMVs. Finally, we discussed the bottleneck problems about OMVs in preparation and application at present and put forward our own suggestions about them. Some perspectives of OMVs in biomedical field were also provided.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Summary of the Joint European and North American Multisociety Statement
Authors: Geis J. Raymond , Brady Adrian P. , Wu Carol C. , Spencer Jack , Ranschaert Erik , Jaremko Jacob L. , Langer Steve G. , Kitts Andrea Borondy , Birch Judy , Shields William F. , van den Hoven van Genderen Robert , Kotter Elmar , Gichoya Judy Wawira , Cook Tessa S. , Morgan Matthew B. , Tang An , Safdar Nabile M. , Kohli Marc
Published: October 2019

This is a condensed summary of an international multisociety statement on ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology produced by the ACR, European Society of Radiology, RSNA, Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine, European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics, Canadian Association of Radiologists, and American Association of Physicists in Medicine. AI has great potential to increase efficiency and accuracy throughout radiology, but it also carries inherent pitfalls and biases. Widespread use of AI-based intelligent and autonomous systems in radiology can increase the risk of systemic errors with high consequence and highlights complex ethical and societal issues. Currently, there is little experience using AI for patient care in diverse clinical settings. Extensive research is needed to understand how to best deploy AI in clinical practice. This statement highlights our consensus that ethical use of AI in radiology should promote well-being, minimize harm, and ensure that the benefits and harms are distributed among stakeholders in a just manner. We believe AI should respect human rights and freedoms, including dignity and privacy. It should be designed for maximum transparency and dependability. Ultimate responsibility and accountability for AI remains with its human designers and operators for the foreseeable future. The radiology community should start now to develop codes of ethics and practice for AI that promote any use that helps patients and the common good and should block use of radiology data and algorithms for financial gain without those two attributes.
Do combined ultrasound and electrocardiogram-rhythm findings predict survival in emergency department cardiac arrest patients? The Second Sonography in Hypotension and Cardiac Arrest in the Emergency Department (SHoC-ED2) study
Authors: Beckett Nicole , Atkinson Paul , Fraser Jacqueline , Banerjee Ankona , French James , Talbot Jo-Ann , Stoica George , Lewis David
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is used increasingly during resuscitation. The aim of this study was to assess whether combining POCUS and electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm findings better predicts outcomes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

We completed a health records review on ED cardiac arrest patients who underwent POCUS. Primary outcome measurements included return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission, and survival to hospital discharge.

Results

POCUS was performed on 180 patients; 45 patients (25.0%; 19.2%–31.8%) demonstrated cardiac activity on initial ECG, and 21 (11.7%; 7.7%–17.2%) had cardiac activity on initial POCUS; 47 patients (26.1%; 20.2%–33.0%) achieved ROSC, 18 (10.0%; 6.3%–15.3%) survived to admission, and 3 (1.7%; 0.3%–5.0%) survived to hospital discharge. As a predictor of failure to achieve ROSC, ECG had a sensitivity of 82.7% (95% CI 75.2%–88.7%) and a specificity of 46.8% (32.1%–61.9%). Overall, POCUS had a higher sensitivity of 96.2% (91.4%–98.8%) but a similar specificity of 34.0% (20.9%–49.3%). In patients with ECG-asystole, POCUS had a sensitivity of 98.18% (93.59%–99.78%) and a specificity of 16.00% (4.54%–36.08%). In patients with pulseless electrical activity, POCUS had a sensitivity of 86.96% (66.41%–97.22%) and a specificity of 54.55% (32.21%–75.61%). Similar patterns were seen for survival to admission and discharge. Only 0.8% (0.0–4.7%) of patients with ECG-asystole and standstill on POCUS survived to hospital discharge.

Conclusion

The absence of cardiac activity on POCUS, or on both ECG and POCUS together, better predicts negative outcomes in cardiac arrest than ECG alone. No test reliably predicted survival.
Swiping in a variety of Ontario French
Authors: Ott Dennis , Therrien Raymond
Published: October 2019

This paper documents the existence ofswiping– that is, inversion of awh-phrase and its associated preposition under sluicing – in a non-Germanic language. We discuss swiping in a variety of Ontario French (Lafontaine French, LFF), which shares some of the characteristics of its extensively-studied English counterpart (Ross 1969, Merchant 2002, among others). We offer a preliminary description of swiping in LFF and consider some implications of these novel facts for the theory of swiping and sluicing. We suggest that LFF swiping supports an analysis in terms of non-constituent deletion, as originally suggested by Ross (1969) in his seminal work on sluicing.
EISENSTEIN–KRONECKER SERIES VIA THE POINCARÉ BUNDLE
Authors: SPRANG JOHANNES
Published: October 2019

A classical construction of Katz gives a purely algebraic construction of Eisenstein–Kronecker series using the Gauß–Manin connection on the universal elliptic curve. This approach gives a systematic way to study algebraic and$p$-adic properties of real-analytic Eisenstein series. In the first part of this paper we provide an alternative algebraic construction of Eisenstein–Kronecker series via the Poincaré bundle. Building on this, we give in the second part a new conceptional construction of Katz’ two-variable$p$-adic Eisenstein measure through$p$-adic theta functions of the Poincaré bundle.
Optimizing utilization of beta-lactam surgical prophylaxis through implementation of a structured allergy assessment tool in a presurgical clinic
Authors: Margallo John-Ericson P. , Smith Ethan A. , Marks Gregory , Ben-Aderet Michael , Yang Haoshu , Madhusudhan Meghan , Krishna Sneha , Duran Ann , Friedman Arnold , Cassel Suzanne L. , Tran Hai , Shane Rita , Murthy Rekha K. , Grein Jonathan D.
Published: October 2019

In patients with β-lactam allergies, administration of non–β-lactam surgical prophylaxis is associated with increased risk of infection. Although many patients self-report β-lactam allergies, most are unconfirmed or mislabeled. A quality improvement process, utilizing a structured β-lactam allergy tool, was implemented to improve the utilization of preferred β-lactam surgical prophylaxis.
Branching Brownian motion with spatially homogeneous and point-catalytic branching
Authors: Bocharov Sergey , Wang Li
Published: October 2019

We consider a model of branching Brownian motion in which the usual spatially homogeneous branching and catalytic branching at a single point are simultaneously present. We establish the almost sure growth rates of population in certain time-dependent regions and as a consequence the first-order asymptotic behaviour of the rightmost particle.
Julian Trevelyan, Walter Maclay and Eric Guttmann: drawing the boundary between psychiatry and art at the Maudsley Hospital
Authors: KEMPLEY EILÍS
Published: October 2019

In 1938, doctors Eric Guttmann and Walter Maclay, two psychiatrists based at the Maudsley Hospital in London, administered the hallucinogenic drug mescaline to a group of artists, asking the participants to record their experiences visually. These artists included the painter Julian Trevelyan, who was associated with the British surrealist movement at this time. Published as ‘Mescaline hallucinations in artists’, the research took place at a crucial time for psychiatry, as the discipline was beginning to edge its way into the scientific arena. Newly established, the Maudsley Hospital received Jewish émigrés from Germany to join its ranks. Sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, this group of psychiatrists brought with them an enthusiasm for psychoactive drugs and visual media in the scientific study of psychopathological states. In this case, Guttmann and Maclay enlisted the help of surrealist artists, who were harnessing hallucinogens for their own revolutionary aims. Looking behind the images, particularly how they were produced and their legacy today, tells a story of how these groups cooperated, and how their overlapping ecologies of knowledge and experience coincided in these remarkable inscriptions.
The Politics of Procedural Choice: Regulating Legislative Debate in the UK House of Commons, 1811–2015
Authors: Goet Niels D.
Published: October 2019

The historical development of rules of debate in the UK House of Commons raises an important puzzle:why do members of parliament (MPs) impose limits on their own rights?Despite a growing interest in British Political Development and the institutional changes of nineteenth-century UK politics, the academic literature has remained largely silent on this topic. Three competing explanations have emerged in studies of the US Congress, focusing on efficiency, partisan forces and non-partisan (or: ideology-based) accounts. This article falls broadly into the third category, offering a consensus-oriented explanation of the historical development of parliamentary rules. Working from a new dataset on the reform of standing orders in the House of Commons over a 205-year period (1811–2015), as well as records of over six million speeches, the author argues that MPs commit more quickly to passing restrictive rules in the face of obstruction when legislator preferences are proximate withinboththe opposition and government, and when polarization between both sides of the aisle is low. The research represents, to the author's knowledge, the first systematic anddirectionaltest of a range of competing theories of UK parliamentary reform, shedding light on the process of parliamentary reform over a prolonged period of Commons history, and advancing several new measures of polarization in the UK House of Commons.
The Advance of Marketization in North Korea: Between political rigidity and economic flexibility
Authors: KONG TAT YAN
Published: October 2019

North Korea is a unique regime that has not followed the ‘mono-transition’ path (economic reform under modified one-party rule) of other surviving communist regimes (China, Vietnam, Cuba) in the post-Cold War era. Debates over North Korea's unique features (reluctance in economic reform, absence of political modification, international troublemaking) have generated two contending interpretations. The mainstream interpretation attributes North Korea's uniqueness to its regime's highly rigid political system (‘monolithic leadership system’). For the alternative interpretation, structural pressures and political calculus have driven the monolithic regime towards economic reform (‘marketization from above’), making it more convergent with the ‘mono-transition’ regimes, at least in the economic aspect. In support of the latter interpretation, this article will delve further into three contentious issues that represent the most common doubts about the advance of marketization in North Korea. First, how can the regime reconcile marketization with the interests of its ‘core constituencies’? Second, since ‘crony socialism’ exists, how does it influence distribution and productive activity? Third, how does marketization advance in view of the persistence of monolithic rule? In so doing, it will show how the sources of economic reform (structural factors and political calculus) have enabled the marketization constraints to be overcome.
Estimating leopard density across the highly modified human-dominated landscape of the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Devens Carolyn H. , Hayward Matt W. , Tshabalala Thulani , Dickman Amy , McManus Jeannine S. , Smuts Bool , Somers Michael J.
Published: October 2019

Apex predators play a critical role in maintaining the health of ecosystems but are highly susceptible to habitat degradation and loss caused by land-use changes, and to anthropogenic mortality. The leopardPanthera pardusis the last free-roaming large carnivore in the Western Cape province, South Africa. During 2011–2015, we carried out a camera-trap survey across three regions covering c. 30,000 km2of the Western Cape. Our survey comprised 151 camera sites sampling nearly 14,000 camera-trap nights, resulting in the identification of 71 individuals. We used two spatially explicit capture–recapture methods (RprogrammessecrandSPACECAP) to provide a comprehensive density analysis capable of incorporating environmental and anthropogenic factors. Leopard density was estimated to be 0.35 and 1.18 leopards/100 km2, usingsecrandSPACECAP, respectively. Leopard population size was predicted to be 102–345 individuals for our three study regions. With these estimates and the predicted available leopard habitat for the province, we extrapolated that the Western Cape supports an estimated 175–588 individuals. Providing a comprehensive baseline population density estimate is critical to understanding population dynamics across a mixed landscape and helping to determine the most appropriate conservation actions. Spatially explicit capture–recapture methods are unbiased by edge effects and superior to traditional capture–mark–recapture methods when estimating animal densities. We therefore recommend further utilization of robust spatial methods as they continue to be advanced.
The benefits of abstract word training on productive vocabulary knowledge among second language learners
Authors: Sandberg Chaleece W. , Carpenter Erin , Kerschen Katherine , Paolieri Daniela , Jackson Carrie N.
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the effect of an abstract word training paradigm initially developed to treat lexical retrieval deficits in patients with aphasia on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. Three English–Spanish L2 learners (Experiment 1) and 10 Spanish–English L2 learners (Experiment 3) were trained on 15 abstract words within a context-category (e.g., restaurant) using a five-step training paradigm based on semantic feature analysis. In addition, 7 English–Spanish L2 learners were trained on either abstract or concrete words within a context-category (Experiment 2). Across all experiments, the majority of participants trained on abstract words showed improved production of the trained abstract words, as measured by a word generation task, as well as improvement on untrained concrete words within the same context-category (i.e., generalization). Participants trained on concrete words (Experiment 2) exhibited much smaller word production gains and no generalization to abstract words. These results parallel previous findings from aphasia research and suggest that this training paradigm can successfully be extended to L2 learning contexts, where it has the potential to be a useful tool in vocabulary instruction. We discuss the findings in terms of models of spreading activation and the underlying conceptual representations of abstract and concrete words in the L2 lexicon.
Homogenisation problems in reactive decontamination
Authors: LUCKINS E. , BREWARD C. J. W. , GRIFFITHS I. M. , WILMOTT Z.
Published: October 2019

The decontamination of hazardous chemical agents from porous media is an important and critical part of the clean-up operation following a chemical weapon attack. Decontamination is often achieved through the application of a cleanser, which reacts on contact with an agent to neutralise it. While it is relatively straightforward to write down a model that describes the interplay of the agent and cleanser on the scale of the pores in the porous medium, it is computationally expensive to solve such a model over realistic spill sizes.

In this paper, we consider the homogenisation of a pore-scale model for the interplay between agent and cleanser, with the aim of generating simplified models that can be solved more easily on the spill scale but accurately capture the microscale structure and chemical activity. We consider two situations: one in which the agent completely fills local porespaces and one in which it does not. In the case when the agent does not completely fill the porespace, we use established homogenisation techniques to systematically derive a reaction–diffusion model for the macroscale concentration of cleanser. However, in the case where the agent completely fills the porespace, the homogenisation procedure is more in-depth and involves a two-timescale approach coupled with a spatial boundary layer. The resulting homogenised model closely resembles the microscale model with the effect of the porous material being incorporated into the parameters. The two models cater for two different spill scenarios and provide the foundation for further study of reactive decontamination.
From city streets to suburban woodlands: the urban planning debate on children's needs, and childhood reminiscences, of 1940s–1970s Helsinki
Authors: Moll Veera , Kuusi Hanna
Published: October 2019

Finnish children today enjoy a relatively high level of independent mobility. This article discusses how different urban planning professionals defined children's needs in a post-World War II Helsinki that was undergoing rapid urbanization, and how these discourses relate to childhood memories of the time. The emphasis on family by the planning professionals led to major changes in the city structure, including developed play areas, safer streets and shorter distances to schools. This study suggests that a dominant understanding of the importance of outdoor activities has contributed to the relatively stable level of independent mobility of the children in Helsinki.
Dietary habits, metabolic health and vitamin D status in Greenlandic children
Authors: Courraud Julie , Quist Jonas Salling , Kontopodi Eva , Blomberg Jensen Martin , Bjerrum Poul Jannik , Helge Jørn Wulff , Sørensen Kaspar
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To compare the dietary habits of children living in northern villages and in the capital of Greenland, given the reported transition from traditional to westernised diet in adults over recent decades, and to explore the association between consumption of marine mammals and fish (MMF) and the children’s metabolic profile and vitamin D status.

Design:

Children answered an FFQ encompassing sixty-four individual food types pooled into six food categories. Their pubertal stage, body fat, fitness level, metabolic profile (non-HDL-cholesterol, glycated Hb, insulin, glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) as well as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration were evaluated.

Setting:

Siorapaluk and Qaanaaq (north of Greenland) and Nuuk (west).

Participants:

Children aged 6–18 years (n 177).

Results:

MMF were most frequently eaten by children from Siorapaluk (mean (sd): 73·4 (14·1) times/month), followed by children from Qaanaaq (37·0 (25·0) times/month), and least often eaten by children from Nuuk (23·7 (24·6) times/month; P < 0·001). Children from Qaanaaq consumed ‘junk food’ more frequently (P < 0·001) and fruits and vegetables less frequently (P < 0·01) than children from Nuuk. MMF consumption was positively associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration (P < 0·05), but the overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high (18 %). No association was found between MMF consumption and metabolic parameters.

Conclusions:

The dietary transition and influence of western diets have spread to the north of Greenland and only the most remote place consumed a traditional diet highly based on MMF. We found no strong associations of MMF consumption with metabolic health, but a positive association with vitamin D status.
High consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods among low-income groups in the Mississippi Delta and Alabama
Authors: Cohen Deborah A , Bogart Laura M , Han Bing , Williamson Stephanie , Castro Gabriela
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To assess the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and other energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods in two Southern low-income communities targeted by the Balance Calories Initiative, a campaign by the top-three American beverage companies intended to reduce the consumption of sugary beverages by 20 % over 10 years.

Design:

We conducted self-administered intercept surveys in front of food retail outlets between August and November 2016. We recruited adults with children <18 years living at home and adolescents aged 10–17 years with parental consent.

Setting:

Retail food outlets in Mississippi and Alabama, USA.

Participants:

Adults (n11 311) and adolescents (n3460).

Results:

The percentage of high SSB consumers (≥4 servings/d) was 40·9 % among adult males, 32·3 % among adult females, 43·0 % among adolescent males and 34·4 % among adolescent females (male – female difference,P< 0·0001). In aggregate, respondents also reported consuming a mean of 3 servings of salty snacks, cookies and/or candy in the past 24 h, with adolescent males reporting 4 servings.

Conclusions:

SSB should be a primary target of future interventions to improve dietary intake, but EDNP foods likely contribute as many daily kilojoules as SSB among this population. Future campaigns should aim to limit the consumption of all EDNP foods.
Age and gender influence healthy eating and physical activity behaviours in South African adolescents and their caregivers: Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition Initiative (TALENT)
Authors: Wrottesley Stephanie V , Bosire Edna N , Mukoma Gudani , Motlhatlhedi Molebogeng , Mabena Gugulethu , Barker Mary , Hardy-Johnson Polly , Fall Caroline , Norris Shane A
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To: (i) understand facilitators and barriers to healthy eating practices and physical activity in younger and older urban adolescent South African boys and girls; and (ii) understand how the views of caregivers interact with, and influence, adolescent behaviours.

Design:

Semi-structured focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted in July 2018. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting:

Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Participants:

Seventy-five participants were stratified into eight FGD as follows: two for young boys and girls (10–12 years); two for older boys and girls (15–17 years); two for caregivers of young adolescents (boys and girls); and two for caregivers of older adolescents (boys and girls).

Results:

Unlike their caregivers, adolescents were not motivated to eat healthily and failed to appreciate the need to develop consistent patterns of both healthy eating and physical activity for their long-term health. Although adolescents gained independence with age, they commonly attributed unhealthy food choices to a lack of autonomy and, thereby, to the influence of their caregivers. Adolescents and caregivers perceived their engagement in physical activity according to distinct siloes of recreational and routine activity, respectively. Both similarities and differences in the drivers of healthy eating and physical activity exist in adolescents and caregivers, and should be targeted in future interventions.

Conclusions:

Our study identified a complex paradigm of eating practices and physical activity in South African adolescents and their caregivers. We also highlighted the need for a new narrative in addressing the multifaceted and interrelated determinants of adolescent health within urban poor settings.
Quantitative Assessment of Anti-Cancer Drug Efficacy From Coregistered Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Images of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Michálek Jan , Štěpka Karel , Kozubek Michal , Navrátilová Jarmila , Pavlatovská Barbora , Machálková Markéta , Preisler Jan , Pruška Adam
Published: October 2019

Spheroids—three-dimensional aggregates of cells grown from a cancer cell line—represent a model of living tissue for chemotherapy investigation. Distribution of chemotherapeutics in spheroid sections was determined using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). Proliferating or apoptotic cells were immunohistochemically labeled and visualized by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCM). Drug efficacy was evaluated by comparing coregistered MALDI MSI and LSCM data of drug-treated spheroids with LSCM only data of untreated control spheroids. We developed a fiducial-based workflow for coregistration of low-resolution MALDI MS with high-resolution LSCM images. To allow comparison of drug and cell distribution between the drug-treated and untreated spheroids of different shapes or diameters, we introduced a common diffusion-related coordinate, the distance from the spheroid boundary. In a procedure referred to as “peeling”, we correlated average drug distribution at a certain distance with the average reduction in the affected cells between the untreated and the treated spheroids. This novel approach makes it possible to differentiate between peripheral cells that died due to therapy and the innermost cells which died naturally. Two novel algorithms—for MALDI MS image denoising and for weighting of MALDI MSI and LSCM data by the presence of cell nuclei—are also presented.
Reassessing Ferdinand Ries in Vienna: Ramifications for Beethoven Biography
Authors: van der Zanden Jos
Published: October 2019

Ferdinand Ries was one of Beethoven's most important piano pupils. In 1838 he published a book, together with Franz Wegeler, which contained a wealth of information on the composer. It comprised such topics as Beethoven's loss of hearing, his dealings with publishers, his working methods, and the genesis of some of his compositions. Today, Ries's book is still regarded as a crucial source for Beethoven scholarship.
«Red Flags» und Schocksymptome
Authors: Koppenberg Joachim , Albrecht Roland , Bucher Michael
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Zahlreiche Symptome werden in der Notfallmedizin als sog. «Red Flags» bezeichnet, auch wenn diese Begrifflichkeit im deutschen Sprachgebrauch nicht eineindeutig definiert ist. Unter «Red Flags» werden Warn- oder Alarmhinweise und -symptome verstanden, die frühzeitig ein zugrunde liegendes behandlungsbedürftiges akutes Krankheitsbild anzeigen, bevor dieses voll ausgeprägt ist. Damit kommt gerade in der notfallmedizinischen Umgebung dem Erkennen der «Red Flags» eine grosse Bedeutung zu, da bei einer rechtzeitigen korrekten Deutung derselben und Einleitung einer suffizienten Therapie der Krankheitsverlauf positiv beeinflusst werden kann. Da man aber bekanntlich nur das sieht, was man schon kennt, sind in diesem Artikel die wichtigsten «Red Flags» der Notfallmedizin im Kontext der zugrunde liegenden Pathophysiologie erklärt.
Mechanisms of Organic Matter Export in Estuaries with Contrasting Carbon Sources
Authors: Arellano A. R. , Bianchi T. S. , Osburn C. L. , D'Sa E. J. , Ward N. D. , Oviedo‐Vargas D. , Joshi I. D. , Ko D. S. , Shields M. R. , Kurian G. , Green J.
Published: October 2019

Modifications in land use and climate will result in shifts in the magnitude and composition of organic matter (OM) transported from wetlands to coastal waters, but differentiation between riverine and wetland OM sources in coastal areas remains a challenge. Here, we evaluate particulate and dissolved OM export dynamics in two representative estuary geomorphologies—Apalachicola Bay (AP) and Barataria Bay (BB), characterized primarily by blackwater river inputs and high particle abundance, respectively. The magnitude and composition of OM exported from each estuary was evaluated based on seasonal measurements of surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen, the stable isotopic composition of DOC and POC, dissolved and particulate lignin phenols, and carbon‐normalized dissolved lignin‐phenol yields. Data and discriminant analyses support the initial hypothesis; AP is dominated by a more terrestrial source of OM due to importance of fluvial dissolved OM inputs, while BB is a more particle‐rich and wetland carbon‐dominated system. Total lignin export (sum of mean dissolved and mean particulate) was higher in BB (5.73 ± 2.50 × 105 kg/year) than in AP (4.21 ± 2.35 × 105 kg/year). Particulate lignin export from BB was greater than the export of dissolved lignin at either BB or AP, suggesting coastal marsh erosion may be driving this comparatively large export of particulate lignin. These data have important implications for the stability of stored OM in coastal habitats, particularly since such habitats in this region are highly vulnerable due to relative sea level rise.
Jupiter’s Galilean Moons May Have Formed Slowly
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: October 2019

A new model is the first to simultaneously explain many of the moons’ characteristics, including their mass, orbits, and icy composition
Observation and Simulation of Solid Sedimentary Flux: Examples From Northwest Africa
Authors: Lodhia Bhavik Harish , Roberts Gareth G. , Fraser Alastair J. , Jarvis Jerry , Newton Richard , Cowan Robbie J.
Published: October 2019

The sedimentary archive preserved at passive margins provides important clues about the evolution of continental topography. For example, histories of African uplift, erosion, and deposition of clastic sedimentary rock provide information about mantle convection. Furthermore, relating histories of uplift and erosion from regions where sediment is generated to measurements of efflux is important for understanding basin evolution and the distribution of natural resources. We focus on constraining Mesozoic to Recent solid sedimentary flux to northwest Africa's passive margin, which today is fed by rivers draining dynamically supported topography. Histories of sedimentary flux are calculated by mapping stratigraphy using seismic reflection and well data courtesy of Tullow Oil Plc and TGS. Stratigraphic ages, conversion from two‐way time to depth and compaction, are parameterized using biostratigraphic and check‐shot records from exploration, International Ocean Discovery Program and Deep Sea Drilling Project wells. Results indicate that Late Cretaceous to Oligocene (∼100–23 Ma) sedimentary flux decreased gradually. A slight increase in Neogene sedimentary flux is observed, which is concomitant with a change from carbonate to clastic sedimentation. Pliocene to Recent (∼5–0 Ma) flux increased by an order of magnitude. This history of sedimentary flux and facies change is similar to histories observed at other African deltas. To constrain sources of sedimentary flux, 14,700 longitudinal river profiles were inverted to calculate a history of continental uplift. These results were used to parameterize a simple “source‐to‐sink” model of fluvial erosion and sedimentary efflux. Results suggest that increased clastic flux to Africa's deltas from ∼30 Ma was driven by denudation induced by dynamic support.
ICESat‐2 Surface Height and Sea Ice Freeboard Assessed With ATM Lidar Acquisitions From Operation IceBridge
Authors: Kwok R. , Kacimi S. , Markus T. , Kurtz N. T. , Studinger M. , Sonntag J. G. , Manizade S. S. , Boisvert L. N. , Harbeck J. P.
Published: October 2019

Surface height and total freeboard from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2, IS‐2) sea ice data products (ATL07/ATL10) are assessed with near‐coincident retrievals from the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) lidar in four dedicated underflights during the 2019 Operation IceBridge Arctic deployment. Over a mix of seasonal and older ice, we find remarkable correlations between the ATM and IS‐2 height profiles and roughness (in ninety‐nine 10‐km segments) that averages to >0.95 and > 0.97, respectively. Regression slopes near unity, between 0.93 and 0.99, indicate close agreement of the height estimates. Larger differences between the surface heights are seen in rougher areas where it is more difficult for the photon heights (used in IS‐2 surface finding) to capture the surface distributions at short length scales. Total freeboard in 10‐km segments, calculated using three different approaches, show variability of 0.02 to 0.04 m. Sources of residual variance, attributable to differences between the two instruments, are discussed.
Characterization of TCF3 rearrangements in pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma by mate-pair sequencing (MPseq) identifies complex genomic rearrangements and a novel TCF3/TEF gene fusion
Authors: Rowsey Ross A. , Smoley Stephanie A. , Williamson Cynthia M. , Vasmatzis George , Smadbeck James B. , Ning Yi , Greipp Patricia T. , Hoppman Nicole L. , Baughn Linda B. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Peterson Jess F.
Published: October 2019

The TCF3/PBX1 gene fusion is a recurrent genetic abnormality in pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL). While dual-color, dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) probes can detect TCF3/PBX1 fusions, further characterization of atypical TCF3 FISH patterns as indicated by additional or diminished TCF3 signals is currently limited. Herein we describe the use of a next-generation sequencing assay, mate-pair sequencing (MPseq), to characterize typical and cryptic TCF3/PBX1 fusions and to identify TCF3 translocation partners based on results obtained from our laboratory-developed TCF3/PBX1 D-FISH probe set. MPseq was performed on 21 cases of pediatric B-ALL/LBL with either TCF3/PBX1 fusion, or no TCF3/PBX1 fusion but with additional or diminished TCF3 signals obtained by our PBX1/TCF3 D-FISH probe set. In addition, MPseq was performed on one pediatric B-ALL/LBL case with an apparently normal karyotype and abnormal TCF3 break-apart probe results. Of 22 specimens successfully evaluated by MPseq, 13 cases (59%) demonstrated TCF3/PBX1 fusion, including three cases with previously undescribed insertional rearrangements. The remaining nine cases (41%) harbored various TCF3 partners, including six cases with TCF3/ZNF384, and one case each with TCF3/HLF, TCF3/FLI1 and TCF3/TEF. Our results illustrate the power of MPseq to characterize TCF3 rearrangements with increased precision and accuracy over traditional cytogenetic methodologies.
Current achievements and future prospects in the genetic breeding of chrysanthemum: a review
Authors: Su Jiangshuo , Jiang Jiafu , Zhang Fei , Liu Ye , Ding Lian , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi
Published: October 2019

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a leading flower with applied value worldwide. Developing new chrysanthemum cultivars with novel characteristics such as new flower colors and shapes, plant architectures, flowering times, postharvest quality, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in a time- and cost-efficient manner is the ultimate goal for breeders. Various breeding strategies have been employed to improve the aforementioned traits, ranging from conventional techniques, including crossbreeding and mutation breeding, to a series of molecular breeding methods, including transgenic technology, genome editing, and marker-assisted selection (MAS). In addition, the recent extensive advances in high-throughput technologies, especially genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, which are collectively referred to as omics platforms, have led to the collection of substantial amounts of data. Integration of these omics data with phenotypic information will enable the identification of genes/pathways responsible for important traits. Several attempts have been made to use emerging molecular and omics methods with the aim of accelerating the breeding of chrysanthemum. However, applying the findings of such studies to practical chrysanthemum breeding remains a considerable challenge, primarily due to the high heterozygosity and polyploidy of the species. This review summarizes the recent achievements in conventional and modern molecular breeding methods and emerging omics technologies and discusses their future applications for improving the agronomic and horticultural characteristics of chrysanthemum.
S-containing and Si-containing compounds as highly effective electrolyte additives for SiOx -based anodes/NCM 811 cathodes in lithium ion cells
Authors: An Fuqiang , Zhao Hongliang , Zhou Weinan , Ma Yonghong , Li Ping
Published: October 2019

Recently, high-energy density cells containing nickel-rich cathodes and silicon-based anodes have become a practical solution for increasing the driving range of electric vehicles. However, their long-term durability and storage performance is comparatively poor because of the unstable cathode-electrolyte-interphase (CEI) of the high-reactivity cathode and the continuous solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) growth. In this work, we study several electrolyte systems consisting of various additives, such as S-containing (1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide (DTD), DTD + prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES), methylene methanedisulfonate (MMDS)) and Si-containing (tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TTSP) and tris(trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB)) compounds, in comparison to the baseline electrolyte (BL = 1.0 M LiPF6 + 3:5:2 w-w:w EC: EMC: DEC + 0.5 wt% lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) + 2 wt% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) + 2 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) + 1 wt% 1,3-propane sultone (PS)). Generally, electrolytes with Si-containing additives, particularly BL + 0.5% TTSP, show a lower impedance increase in the full cell, better beginning-of-life (BOL) performance, less reversible capacity loss through long-term cycles and better storage at elevated temperatures than do electrolytes with S-containing additives. On the contrary, electrolytes with S-containing additives exhibit the advantage of low SEI impedance but yield a worse performance in the full cell than do those with Si-containing additives. The difference between two types of additives is attributed to the distinct function of the electrodes, which is characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which was performed on full cells and half cells with fresh and harvested electrodes.
Epidemiology, evolution and transmission of human metapneumovirus in Guangzhou China, 2013–2017
Authors: Yi Lina , Zou Lirong , Peng Jingju , Yu Jianxiang , Song Yingchao , Liang Lijun , Guo Qianfang , Kang Min , Ke Changwen , Song Tie , Lu Jing , Wu Jie
Published: October 2019

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), first identified in 2001, is a major viral respiratory pathogen that worldwide reported. Fundamental questions concerning the dynamics of viral evolution and transmission at both regional and global scales remain unanswered. In this study, we obtained 32 G gene and 51 F gene sequences of hMPV in Guangzhou, China in 2013–2017. Temporal and spatial phylogenetic analyses were undertaken by incorporating publicly available hMPV G gene (978) and F gene (767) sequences. The phylogenetic results show different global distribution patterns of hMPV before 1990, 1990–2005, and 2006–2017. A sharply increasing hMPV positive rate (11%) was detected in Guangzhou 2017, mainly caused by the B1 lineage of hMPV. A close phylogenetic relation was observed between hMPV strains from China and Japan, suggesting frequent hMPV transmissions between these regions. These results provide new insights into hMPV evolution, transmission, and spatial distribution and highlight Asia as a new epicenter for viral transmission and novel variant seeding after the year 2005. Conducting molecular surveillance of hMPV in Asian countries is critical for understanding the global circulation of hMPV and future vaccine design.
Unraveling FATP1, regulated by ER-β, as a targeted breast cancer innovative therapy
Authors: Mendes Cindy , Lopes-Coelho Filipa , Ramos Cristiano , Martins Filipa , Santos Inês , Rodrigues Armanda , Silva Fernanda , André Saudade , Serpa Jacinta
Published: October 2019

The biochemical demands associated with tumor proliferation prompt neoplastic cells to augment the import of nutrients to sustain their survival and fuel cell growth, with a consequent metabolic remodeling. Fatty acids (FA) are crucial in this process, since they have a dual role as energetic coins and building blocks. Recently, our team has shown that FATP1 has a pivotal role in FA transfer between breast cancer cells (BCCs) and non-cancerous cells in the microenvironment. We aimed to investigate the role of FATP1 in BCCs and also to explore if FATP1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy. In patients’ data, we showed a higher expression of FATP1/SLC27A1 in TNBC, which correlated with a significant decreased overall survival (OS). In vitro, we verified that FA and estradiol stimulated FATP1/SLC27A1 expression in BCCs. Additionally, experiments with estradiol and PHTPP (ER-β antagonist) showed that estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) regulates FATP1/SLC27A1 expression, the uptake of FA and cell viability, in four BCC lines. Furthermore, the inhibition of FATP1 with arylpiperazine 5k (DS22420314) interfered with the uptake of FA and cell viability. Our study, unraveled FATP1 as a putative therapeutic target in breast cancer (BC).
Target capture strategy selection in a simulated marksmanship task
Authors: Steinberg Noah J. , Brown Alexander A. , Schettino Luis F.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines how individuals track targets that move in relatively unpredictable trajectories. Gaze and behavioural data were captured as twenty two participants learned a simulated competitive marksmanship task known colloquially as the Death Star over six training days. Participants spontaneously selected one of two consistent target-tracking strategies with approximately equal probability. Participants employed either chasing behaviour, in which gaze follows a target’s trajectory before a shot, or ambushing behaviour, wherein gaze anticipates the trajectory and the participant intercepts a moving target predictively. All participants improved in task performance measures (completion time and number of shots), but did so at the expense of accuracy in missed shot attempts. Surprisingly, neither behavioural strategy offered a significant advantage in task performance measures, indicating that either may be equally effective in tackling a hand-eye coordination task with complex target motion such as the Death Star.
Prediction of pathological fracture in patients with metastatic disease of the lower limb
Authors: Howard Emma L. , Cool Paul , Cribb Gillian L.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate if the risk of pathological fracture can be predicted with the proportion of body weight that can be put through the affected leg in patients with metastatic bone disease of the lower limb. A prospective observational study was conducted in patients with metastatic disease in the lower limb. Receiver Operator Characteristic curves were used to identify the optimum threshold level of single stance weight bearing to predict fracture and compared to the Mirels score. Patients who underwent surgery could weight bear significantly less than those who did not have surgical intervention. The optimum threshold to predict pathological fracture was 85% of total body weight. No patient below the threshold level of 85% single stance body weight sustained a pathological fracture. The use of single stance body weight can be a useful in conjunction with the Mirels score to predict pathological fracture. If less than 85% of total body weight can be put through the affected limb, the risk of fracture increases, and consideration of treatment is suggested.
Hybrid surfaces combining electropolymerization and lithography: fabrication and wetting properties
Authors: Cohen Céline , Darmanin Thierry , Priam Jordan , Guittard Frédéric , Noblin Xavier
Published: October 2019

This work presents a novel method to fabricate hybrid surfaces consisting of mixed hydrophilic/superhydrophobic properties. We can control the impalement of the drop by fixing the superhydrophobic zone height on the micro roughness (pillars).
Expected performances of the Characterising Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS)
Authors: Hoyer S. , Guterman P. , Demangeon O. , Sousa S. G. , Deleuil M. , Meunier J. C. , Benz W.
Published: October 2019

The CHaracterizing ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) is set to be launched in December 2019 and will detect and characterize small size exoplanets via ultra high precision photometry during transits. CHEOPS is designed as a follow-up telescope and therefore it will monitor a single target at a time. The scientific users will retrieve science-ready light curves of the target that will be automatically generated by the CHEOPS data reduction pipeline of the Science Operations Centre. This paper describes how the pipeline processes the series of raw images and, in particular, how it handles the specificities of CHEOPS data, such as the rotating field of view, the extended irregular point spread function, and the data temporal gaps in the context of the strict photometric requirements of the mission. The current status and performance of the main processing stages of the pipeline, that is the calibration, correction, and photometry, are presented to allow the users to understand how the science-ready data have been derived. Finally, the general performance of the pipeline is illustrated via the processing of representative scientific cases generated by the mission simulator.