bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tactical urbanism benefits and constraints: a Brampton case study
Authors: Tavares Josephine
Published: May 2021

The idea of informality in spaces is not a new concept, it is employed worldwide on a regular basis from something as simple as garage sale to a food truck moving to from place to place. Tactical urbanism draws from the idea of informality, through its attractive attributes (not permanent, limited resources necessary, any interested stakeholder can implement it and more), as short term solutions to drive change within communities. This research examines one tactical urbanism intervention in Brampton, Ontario to highlight the benefits and constraints of employing this method to drive change within the city. A review of the existing literature on tactical urbanism is used to aid in this analysis, and to compare to the case example ultimately, arriving at some recommendations for future the implementation of tactical urbanism interventions.

Key words: Tactical Urbanism, Brampton, Informality, Short term planning solutions
Planning for affordable housing, its engagement with mixed use planning, and revising how affordability is defined
Authors: Tamayo Karla
Published: May 2021

Affordable housing has become synonymous with mixed-use planning within affordable housing strategies across Canada and the United States. This paper first looks to understand why planning for affordable housing has widely engaged with mixed-use planning, then looks to understand the resulting impacts by summarizing recent empirical research within the intersection of affordable housing and mixed-use planning, and outlining emerging themes. This paper finds that affordable housing that engages with mixed-use planning is often associated with gentrification efforts, displacement, and inequitable development. Specifically analyzing the role that definitions of affordability and applications of these definitions have in relation to gentrification efforts, displacement, and inequitable development, this paper finds that mixed-use, affordable housing developments that insist on using market-level measures of affordability will continue to demonstrate the potential to cater to market trends instead of the needs of low-income residents if intervening measures are not in place.
What's Steering Consumer Preferences for Autonomous Vehicles in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area?
Authors: Laidlaw Kailey
Published: May 2021

Automated vehicles (AVs) have the potential to change the way we travel within our cities. However, the conditions under which consumers will adopt AVs are poorly understood. An internet-based survey was conducted in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area to understand how consumers will respond to automated vehicles. This study estimates the effect of demographic characteristics, travel characteristics, and built-environment variables on respondent’s willingness to pay for private autonomous vehicles and frequency of use for shared autonomous vehicles under different pricing levels. The results indicate that having a higher household income and owning a more expensive vehicle are good predictors of interest in PAVs, whereas individuals who experienced more car accidents as a passenger and individuals who commute using public transit or walk/cycle are more interested in SAVs. Regional rail users, Uber users, and younger respondents were interested in both ownership models. This provides insight to help policymakers advance transportation policies and collective social goals.
Playing by different rules: indicators of happiness on playgrounds
Authors: Rowland Michelle
Published: May 2021

As our cities continue to urbanize, opportunities for children’s unstructured outdoor play are declining. Play is a right to children, and holds a critical role in children’s lives. Creating opportunities for play during school hours produces significant physical and social health benefits. OPAL (Outdoor Play and Learning) is a registered community interest program originating in England transforming attitudes to play supervision, environment and provision within schools. In Toronto, Canada an OPAL pilot project is being implemented at six public elementary schools. Using data from this pilot, this study examines how differences in happiness while playing at schools vary across play conditions and duration. The study explores baseline data collected in Spring 2016 among 352 of 9-12-year-old children, attending grades 4 to 6. Binomial logistic regression was performed for recess and lunch play showing the correlation between happiness and play duration. There are statistically significant relationships between happiness and play conditions.

Key words: outdoor play, unstructured, happiness, children, Toronto
The hegemony of automobility: implementing cycling infrastructure in a politicized space
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: May 2021

The implementation of cycling infrastructure has been argued as a means to increase the overall mode share of cycling in communities. However, the implementation of such infrastructure has been fraught with political contentiousness across North America. In this paper, we interview ten municipal planners and engineers in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, in order to determine how they implement cycling infrastructure in the face of political opposition. We find that there are four principal strategies used to secure the political support and ensure the construction of cycling infrastructure across the region: 1) piggybacking on public works projects, 2) using external grants and funding, 3) pre-emptively re-routing bicycling infrastructure, and 4) using a political champion. Through these strategies, we theorize that the politicization of cycling infrastructure is a result of the dominance of automobility in mobility, and that this politicization may lead to incomplete and less-than ideal cycling networks.
Heritage Incentive Programs : The Key to Achieving the Potential of Heritage Conservation in Ontario
Authors: Langdale Jenna
Published: May 2021

This paper explores heriage conservation and its implementation in Ontario and argues that changes to the Ontario Heritage Act in 2005 raised concerns about the infringement of private property rights for the conservation of a public good. The author argues that greater honesty, foresight and more robust incentive programs are critical to the effective conservation on Ontario's cultural heritage resources and in balancing public and private interests. A survey of heritage incentive programs identified that Ontario's 10 largest municipalities offer at least one incentive program for designated property owners. The survey also identified numerous small municipalities with a rich complement of incentive programs. Recommendations are provided for more flexibility both in the framework and approach to heritage conservation in Ontario including expanded heritage incentive programs, greater flexibility in alterations to heritage buildings and less onerous requirements for heritage incentive program applications.
Brownfield redevelopment : a case study of the Lakeview waterfront revitalization in Mississauga
Authors: Palka Beata
Published: May 2021

This research paper is a case study examining the development of the Vision for the Ontario Power Generation lands in Lakeview. The interests if stakeholders such as the City of Mississauga, the Lakeview residents, the Region of Peel, the Province of Ontario, Credit Valley Conservation, as well as the Toronto and Region Conservation will be discussed. The importance of the history of Lakeview, the public consulation process, the project structure, as well as the next steps will be critically talked about in detail. This purpose of this paper is t provide other municipalities with recommendations on brownfield redevelopment and thus give them a better understanding of things to consider and potential roadblocks and challenges that could arise.
Building a 'dementia-friendly' neighbourhood: an examination of the economic costs of implementing 'dementia-friendly' urban design and land use strategies in Whitby, Ontario
Authors: Biglieri Samantha
Published: May 2021

Cases of dementia in Ontario will grow from 181,000 to 46,000 by 2036. This accelerating crisis has sparked research on how to design neighbourhoods for those persons with mild to moderate dementia, and how to empower them through built environment changes to remain in their community for as long as possible. There are numerous benefits for persons with dementia who continue access to their neighbourhood including: physical activity, sense of dignity, social interaction, autonomy, and psychological wellbeing. This MRP examines 17 Recommendations (urban design and land use strategies) identified as 'dementia-friendly', within dementia design and planning literature. Each is then examined against the planning frameworks for Whitby, Ontario, and assessed for its economic impact on a base case subdivision using pro forma analysis. The effect on the financial return for a developer was minimal, demonstrating that establishing these recommendations as policy is viable, through regulation and incentives.
An exploration of travel behaviour change after the implementation of cycle tracks: a case study of Sherbourne Street in Toronto
Authors: Ziemba Raymond  A.
Published: May 2021

With the growing environmental, health and economic concerns associated with automobiles, municipalities are investing in cycling infrastructure. These new infrastructures are often assumed to facilitate a mode substitution effect, encouraging users to switch to active transportation. This study explores the impact of cycle tracks on travel behavior. A case study was conducted on Sherbourne Street, in the city of Toronto, that was redeveloped in 2012 to include cycle tracks, i.e., separated bicycle lanes. The study used a street intercept survey method to record quantitative data on retrospective cycling travel behavior. A mode substitution was observed, with 37.85% of the sample being new riders. However, this number was possibly influenced by self-selection, or a change in residency or destinations. The main reasons for switching to cycling along Sherbourne Street were listed as improved safety and efficiency. The case study provides a measure of the impact of cycle tracks, providing a justification for this infrastructure design.
An application of aerial drones in zoning and urban land use planning in Canada: a preliminary review of current policies, restrictions and planning direction for aerial drones in Canadian cities
Authors: Jenkins Nathan
Published: May 2021

The rapidly changing technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), or drones, has potential uses in many aspects of urban life, including in the planning profession. Compared with current alternatives, UAVs could potentially provide a superior low cost, adaptable and accurate data gathering tool for planners. Presently however, government regulations on the use of UAV's in Canada, especially in urban areas, are very loosely defined with a general focus on safety rather than fostering innovation towards a more efficient system. Urban planning professionals need well-reasoned, flexible, UAV - specific regulations that will address the complex issues related to the urban use of drones, in order to derive the maximum public benefit from use of this technology in planning.
Application of Addawa’ul Humma Preparation for the Treatment of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Rabiu R A Ummu , Umar faruk Ahmad , Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu , Saidu Haruna , Rabiu R A Yahaya , Wada Nafiu Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The study assessed the efficacy of Addawa’ul humma for the treatment of typhoid fever. Addawau’l humma is a name given to a herbal preparation consisting of (Mango, Neem, Orange, Lemons, and Guava extract). The preparation was tested and compare with the standard drug Ciprofloxacin as control experiment. Results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Tannins, Glycosides, Anthraquinone, Saponins and Steroid. There is no significance difference between Addawa’ul humma and the standard drug Ciproflxacin (P<0.05). However, the physicochemical analysis result of Addawa’ul humma shows that it has the highest concentration of phosphate and sulphate (0.72 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg respectively). Results of the FT-IR indicated that the preparation consists of unsaturated with Alkanol functional group plus additional carbonyl group as shown by the FT-IR Spectra.
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK COOKIES GLUTEN FREE BER-BASIS UMBI-UMBIAN LOKAL DI UD. SOFIA COOKIES
Authors: Riski Ayu A  , Sri Winarti
Published: May 2021

Jumlah penderita autis yang semakin mengalami peningkatan cukup memberikan perhatian lebih, baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Sebagian besar anak-anak autis memiliki tingkat alergi dan intoleransi terhadap makanan yang mengandung gluten dan casein sebab gluten dan casein dapat menimbulkan reaksi buruk pada penderita autis seperti hiperaktif dan agresif, intoleran dan reaksi oipoid yang dapat mengakibatkan penderita mengalami bocor usus (leaky gut). Salah satu upaya untuk menghasilkan bahan baku free gluten adalah dengan memanfaatkan umbi-umbian lokal yang nantinya diproduksi menjadi produk tepung, antara lain tepung mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour), tepung gembili dan tepung talas. Salah satu UKM yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan cookies dari bahan baku tepung umbi-umbian lokal (tepung gluten free) adalah UD. SOFIA COOKIES yang dimiliki oleh ibu Dian Harminingsih, alamat Jl. Wiyung Gang I nomor 9A, Kecamatan Wiyung, Surabaya. Beberapa permasalahan pada UD. SOFIA COOKIES adalah belum adanya formulasi yang pasti untuk memproduksi cookies gluten free dari bahan baku umbi-umbian lokal, hampir semua Cookies yang diproduksi belum diberi label yang baik dan benar, produk yang sudah diberi label tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang label pangan. Telah dilakukan diversifikasi cookies dengan formula free gluten, pelatihan labelling. Di akhir pelaksanaan program, juga diberikan bantuan alat berupa penggiling tepung dan alat pengering.
SOSIALISASI PENERAPAN E-COMMERCE TINGKAT PEMULA PADA SISWA SMA DI SURABAYA
Authors: Dira Ernawati  , Tranggono Tranggono
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini memberikan peluang bagi dunia usaha untuk berkembang dengan sangat cepat. Salah satunya dengan semakin maraknya bisnis online dengan memanfaatkan internet untuk melakukan transaksi dan promosi. Bisnis online bisa menjadi pilihan untuk membangun bisnis. Dalam kurikulum pendidikan 2013, kewirausahaan diajarkan kepada seluruh siswa SMA dengan tujuan menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan sejak dini. Untuk mendukung program pemerintah ini dan memanfaatkan kemudahan teknologi alat komunikasi dan internet, pelatihan dasar dalam berbisnis online dilakukan hanya dengan menggunakan perangkat gadget yang sangat dekat dengan kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini tidak hanya untuk melahirkan wirausaha muda, tetapi juga untuk mendorong para mahasiswa melakukan kegiatan produktif dengan memanfaatkan gadget mahasiswa untuk memulai bisnis online. Pelatihan dilaksanakan di SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Surabaya dengan jumlah peserta 45 orang. Kegiatan pelatihan ini menggunakan metode survey, ceramah dan pendampingan untuk membuat akun di Tokopedia. Sasaran dalam kegiatan ini antara lain mahasiswa dapat memulai kegiatan yang bermanfaat dengan berbisnis online menggunakan perangkat gadgetnya. Selain itu mahasiswa dapat menjadi lulusan yang memiliki ketrampilan bisnis yang dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja baru.
Gambaran Kemampuan Membayar Iuran BPJS Kesehatan pada Pedagang di Pasar Terong Kota Makassar
Authors: Syamsinar Suci , Batara Andi Surahman , A. Rizki Amelia
Published: May 2021

Tercatat berdasarkan jumlah perserta yang menungak di Kelurahan Wajo Baru sebanyak 931 atau 11,40% peserta, dengan jumlah penunggakan keseluruhan di Kecamatan Bontoala sebanyak 8.164 peserta (BPJS 2020). Kemampuan membayar merupakan salah satu pertimbangan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penetapan tarif iuran BPJS Kesehatan. Peran serta masyarakat dalam membayar iuran jaminan kesehatan sangat bergantung dengan Kemampuan Membayar (Ability to Pay) yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran besar kemanpuan (ATP) membayar iuran BPJS Kesehatan pada pedagang di Pasar Terong kelurahan Wajo Baru Kecamatan Bontoala Kota Makassar. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survey, merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap sekumpulan objek. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pedagang peserta BPJS mandiri. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 92 responden. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian yaitu  jumlah anggota keluarga tertinggi adalah ≤ 4 jumlah anggota keluarga sebanyak 56 responden (60.9%) dan yang terendah adalah >4 sebanyak  36 responden (39.1%), mampu sebanyak 52 responden (56.5%) dan yang terendah adalah tidak mampu sebanyak 40 responden (43.5%), kelas III tertinggi sebanyak 59 responden (64.1%) dan yang terendah adalah kelas II sebanyak 33 responden (35.9%).
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДТРИМКИ ДІЛОВОЇ РЕПУТАЦІЇ В МЕРЕЖІ ІНТЕРНЕТ
Authors: Калениченко Р. , Коханець А. , Сковира О.
Published: May 2021

У статті виокремлено особливості підтримки ділової репутації в мережі Інтернет із загального поняття репутаційного менеджменту. Виділено її значення, особливості та можливості застосування компанією (організацією, установою) для побудови та утримання позитивного іміджу в мережі Інтернет, її зміст та особливості застосування в діяльності фахівців.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН ЖІНОЧОГО ЛІДЕРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Кікінежді О. , Савелюк Н. , Мороз Л.
Published: May 2021

У статті представлено теоретичний аналіз проблеми жіночого лідерства як соціально-психологічного феномену в сучасній Україні. Охарактеризовано психоісторичні особливості становлення лідерства жінки в умовах розвитку української державності. Досліджено особливості соціальних уявлень населення про соціально-демографічні параметри іміджу політика й політикині.
Kangal Akkaraman koçlarında bazı androlojik özelliklerin belirlenmesi
Authors: KOÇYİĞİT Alper , YILMAZ Oğuz Burak
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Kangal Akkaraman koçlarının androlojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi, bu özelliklerin mevsimle ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla dokuz adet Kangal Akkaraman koçunda testis ölçüleri belirlendi. Hayvanlardan elektro-ejakulatör yöntemiyle sperma alındı. Ayrıca kan alınarak serum testosteron ve çinko seviyeleri araştırıldı. Koçlarda testislere ait ölçüm sonuçlarına göre testis uzunluğu mevsim dışı grupta ortalama 11,72 ± 1,30 cm iken mevsim içi grupta 12,21 ± 1,30 cm olarak belirlendi. Spermatolojik muayeneler sonucu sperma miktarı mevsim dışı grupta ortalama 1,02 ± 0,21 ml iken mevsim içi grupta 1,26 ± 0,12 ml olarak ölçüldü. Koçlarda biyokimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre serum testosteron düzeyi mevsim dışı grupta ortalama 1,77 ± 0,53 ng/ml iken mevsim içi grupta 6,46 ± 1,33 ng/ml olarak belirlendi. Çinko düzeyi ise mevsim dışı grupta ortalama 87,58 ± 11,22 μg/dL iken mevsim içi grupta 83,97 ± 13,46 μg/dL olarak ölçüldü. Çalışma sonucunda Akkaraman ırkının, Kangal varyetesinin iri vücut yapısı testis morfolojisine de yansıdığı görüldü. Koçların sperm konsantrasyonu dışındaki spermatolojik özellikleri ile serum testosteron seviyesi Akkaraman ırkı ile paraleldir. Bu çalışma sonuçlarının, suni tohumlama uygulamasını da içeren ve gebelik oranı bulgularıyla desteklenecek başka çalışmalarla geliştirilmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Bir kedideki nekrotizan fasiit olgusundan izole edilen iki zoonotik bakteri: Streptococcus canis ve Staphylococcus felis
Authors: GÜLLÜ YÜCETEPE Ayfer , ARSERİM Neval Berrin , ÖZCAN Nida , CENAK Hakan , KESKİN Oktay
Published: May 2021

Nekrotizan fasiit (NF) deri altı ve fasiyal dokuların hızla yayılan, potansiyel olarak hayati tehlike yaratan bakteriyel bir enfeksiyonu olup, hastalığın etiyolojisinde farklı bakteriler yer alır. Bu bildiride bir özel veteriner kliniğine yüzde yara şikâyetiyle getirilen 2 yaşında, 3 kg ağırlığındaki dişi tekir kedinin klinik muayenesinde NF olası tanısı konulan bir olgu sunu amaçlanmıştır. Hasta kedinin klinik muayenesinde genel durumun iyi olduğu, yüz bölgesinin her iki tarafında irinleşmemiş nekrotik lezyonlar olduğu saptandığı için Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalına başvuruldu. Lezyonlu bölgelerden alınan steril svap örneklerinden %7 koyun kanlı agara ekim yapılarak aerobik ve anaearobik olarak inkübe edildi. Oluşan koloniler identifikasyona alındı. Klasik biyokimyasal testlerle Staphylococcus spp. ve Streptococcus spp. olarak saptanan etkenler MALDI-TOF’la (Bruker Corporation; Billerica, MA, USA) aynı zamanda zoonoz ajanlar olan Staphylococcus felis ve Streptococcus canis identifiye edildi. Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon tekniğiyle yapılan antibiyotik duyarlılık testine göre Staphylococcus felis tetrasiklin, penisilin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, gentamisin, eritromisin, vankomisin, novobiosin, amoksisilin/klavulonik asit ve imipenem’e duyarlı, neomisin ve streptomisin’e orta derecede duyarlı ve oksasilin’e dirençli bulunurken, Streptococcus canis penisilin, oksasilin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, eritromisin, vankomisin, amoksisilin/klavulonik asit ve imipenem’e duyarlı, neomisin, tetrasiklin, novobiosin’e orta derecede duyarlı, streptomisin ve gentamisin’e dirençli olarak saptandı. Bu sonuçlara göre tedavi olarak 10 gün süre ile enrofloksasin + amoksisilin/kalvulonik asit kombinasyonu yapıldı. Tedavi, 2 hafta kantaron yağı, sonrasında aloea-vera sıvısı ve jeli, ayrıca propolisle desteklendi. Tedavi süresi sonucunda klinik iyileşme gözlendi. Sonuç olarak farklı bakteriler tarafından oluşturulabilen NF olgularında başarılı bir tedavi için, etiyolojinin ve duyarlı antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesinin hayvan ve insan sağlığı açısından önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
ACCESS AND BARRIERS TO EDUCATION: ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES LIVING IN GEORGIA
Authors: Kitiashvili Anastasia , Abashidze Tamar , Zhvania Irine
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to analyse the attitudes and perceptions by Georgian Azeri and Armenian ethnic minorities about the accessibility and barriers to acquire an education. The research includes three types of education: general, vocational education and training (VET), and higher education. The survey was carried out with 800 participants of both ethnic minorities in two regions of Georgia, Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli . In-depth interviews were carried out with four experts working in the field of education for ethnic minorities. Respondents believe that they have more equal access to general education and VET while local Georgians have better access to higher education than ethnic minorities do. Attitudes of Ethnic Minorities correspond to their limited participation in Higher Education. The respondents identified poor knowledge of Georgian language (state language of Georgia) as the most significant barrier that excludes them from educational opportunities. This research provides evidence and a basis for formulating education policies for the Azeri and Armenian ethnic minorities living in Georgia.
Key words: access to education, barriers to education, ethnic minorities.
The Effect of Profit Sharing Financing, TPF and Capital on Net Profit through Revenue Sharing on Buses
Authors: Sugianto Sugianto , Juliati Nst Yenni Samri , Siregar Winda Anriani
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine how much influence the financing for the results, DPK and capital on net income mediated by revenue sharing. The sample used in this study is data 10 BUS in annual form from 2014 to 2019, and the approach used uses a quantitative approach. This study uses 60 samples that are processed using panel data regression analysis method using the views 9 application. The results of the analysis show that this study produces a coefficient of determination (R-square) in structural model I, which is 96.1% of the variable for profit sharing, TPF, and capital affects profit sharing income in Islamic commercial banks, while 3.9% is explained by other variables. The result of the coefficient of determination (R-square) model II is 22.6%, the variable of profit sharing, TPF, capital and revenue sharing affects the net profit in Islamic commercial banks, while 77.4% is influenced by other variables. This study shows that the financing for the results, TPF, capital and revenue sharing have a simultaneous effect on net income with a significance level of 0.001 <0.05. From the results of the indirect effect significance test, it was found that there was no significant indirect effect of the profit sharing variable, TPF and capital on net income through revenue sharing as an intervening variable in Islamic commercial banks. Capital and profit sharing income affect net income in Islamic commercial banks while 77.4% is influenced by other variables.
The Effect of E-Service Quality on Satisfaction and Its Impact on Customer Loyalty of Mobile Banking Users (Case Study of Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Belawan)
Authors: Marliyah Marliyah , Ridwan M. , Sari Ayu Kartika
Published: May 2021

Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) is a real example of a bank that has utilized information technology as an additional service provided to improve the customer experience in transacting online via the internet, namely through a mobile banking application. The application of mobile banking is one form of BSM's commitment in providing good quality electronic services, and can be felt and assessed by customers who have used it. These assessments can then affect their level of satisfaction. Based on this, it then encouraged researchers to test the influence of the quality of mobile banking electronic services offered by Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Belawan on the satisfaction and loyalty of mobile banking users. This research is intended to analyze the effect of e-service quality on customer satisfaction and its impact on customer loyalty. Questionnaire items used as many as 35 items. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to customers of Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Belawan who at least have an account and use BSM mobile banking application for 3 (three) months with a sample number of 84 people determined by nonprobability sampling method. The analytical technique used is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results obtained in this study are that: (1) The relationship of e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. This can be proven from the t-value greater than 1.96 which is 13,230. Thus, H1 in this study was accepted. (2) The relationship of e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. This can be proven from the t-value greater than 1.96 which is 3,267. Thus, H2 in this study was accepted. (3) Customer satisfaction relationship has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. This can be proven from the t-value greater than 1.96 which is 3,666. Thus, H3 in this study was accepted.
Business Development Strategy for Muslimah Female UMKM Person of Songket Fabric in Batu Bara Using the Triple Helix Method
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Nst Yenni Samri Juliati , Pratama Muhammad Alqodri
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine how the strategies used by Muslim women who do UMKM songket Batubara in developing their businesses. The sample used in this study were four MSME actors of songket Batubara, and the approach used was an inductive qualitative approach. In this study, the data analysis tools used were SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats). The results of the analysis show that this study produces a triple helix stakeholder model in this study as: a. Academics in this case are a source of knowledge with the latest theories and are relevant to the business developed by Batu Bara songket business actors run by Muslim women in Batu Bara to gain a competitive and sustainable advantage. b. Business is an entity that carries out business processes in creating added value and maintaining sustainable growth. c. The government acts as a regulator as well as a controller that has regulations and responsibilities in developing businesses. The government also has a role to coordinate stakeholders who contribute to the development of women's businesses in the treatment of Batu Bara songket cloth. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, it can be seen that the Stakeholders are implementing the SO (Strength and Opportunities) strategy, which is a strategy in which the company uses the strengths and opportunities it has to run its business.
A Case of Surgical Correction of Nasal Vestibular Stenosis
Authors: Park Sang-Wook , Jeon Yung Jin , Kim Sang-Wook , Cho Hyun-Jin
Published: May 2021

Nasal vestibular stenosis is an uncommon cause of nasal obstruction. There are various causes of the narrowing of vestibule, including previous trauma, surgery, infection, and iatrogenic injury. The disease is characterized by circumferential scar retraction in inlet of nasal cavities which are caused by secondary proliferation of granulation and fibrous tissue. A number of studies were reported on the surgical correction of vestibular stenosis, but no single technique had been widely accepted due to a wide spectrum treatment methods owing to the various causes of disease and deformities of the related anatomy. Here we suggest a new surgical technique for correcting a case of vestibular stenosis caused by trauma.
A Case of Endoscopic Reduction of Isolated Maxillary Sinus Posterior Wall Fracture Using Foley Catheter
Authors: Lee Ho Jun , Park Ki Joon
Published: May 2021

The surgical goal for reduction of maxillofacial fracture has been focused on the reconstruction of facial buttresses. If there is fracture-displacement at non-buttress area, it close observation used to be the choice of treatment. It is not easy to have access to the posterior part of maxilla with conventional approach. But with the endoscopic sinus surgery technique, posterior wall of maxillary sinus is easily approachable and can be manipulated. This report presents a case of a 38-year-old male with isolated posterior wall of maxillary sinus fracture. Inward comminuted fracture-displacement of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus with retroantral fat and soft tissue was herniated into the maxillary sinus and extruded out through the natural ostium of maxillary sinus. Using endoscopic approach and Foley catheter inflation, the maxillary sinus posterior wall was successfully repaired without complications. This report thus suggests endoscopic approach with the Foley catheter for the posterior maxillary sinus wall fracture.
Delayed Tension Pneumocephalus Following Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Repair
Authors: Park Joon Yong , Kim Hansol , Jung Taesik , Kim Jin Kook
Published: May 2021

Tension pneumocephalus is a rare complication of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) that may lead to rapid neurologic deterioration. Symptoms typically develop within the first postoperative week after enough air has entered the intracranial cavity to create pressure on the dura. Furthermore, there may be a rapid onset of symptoms after a positive pressure event. However, there may be a more insidious onset of symptoms in the absence of a positive pressure event. We report a rare case of delayed tension pneumocephalus following an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak repair. We discuss here the mechanisms of this complication and the diagnosis and treatment strategies of tension pneumocephalus after an ESS.
Sinonasal Anatomic Variations According to Frontal Sinus Pneumatization in a Korean Population
Authors: Kang Myeongsin , Kown Jung-Hun , Kim Dong-Hyun , Han Seung-Yoon , Lee Jae-Hoon
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives It is necessary to understand the variations of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) and other anatomical structures during an endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between the degree of frontal sinus (FS) pneumatization and the development of the PNS structures. Subjects and Method We analyzed 311 PNS computed tomography (CT) scans (622 sinuses, including the left and right sides). We classified FS into type I (aplasia), type II (hypoplasia), and type III (control). We assessed and compared the middle turbinate pneumatization (MTP), superior turbinate pneumatization (STP), agger nasi cell (ANC), infraorbital cell (IOC), optic nerve (ON) type, and vidian nerve (VN) type with the pneumatization of the FS. We further studied for any association between the degree of pneumatization of the FS, maxillary sinus (MS), and sphenoid sinus (SS) and the lateral lamella length (LLL). Results MTP, ANC, and IOC rates according to the FS types were not significant (p>0.05). Both type II and III showed more frequent occurrences of STP than type I (p=0.005). The ON type III and IV were significantly frequent in the FS type III (p<0.001). The occurrence of VN type III in the FS type I was significant (p<0.001). When comparing the pneumatizations of FS with MS or SS, there were no significant correlations between them (p>0.05). In the FS type II and III, the LLL was significantly greater than in type I (p<0.001).Conclusion Increased FS pneumatization shows greater indentation of ON and VN into the SS, as well as increased LLL. During ESS, it is important to recognize the possibility of structural damage of ON, VN, and LLL according to FS pneumatization.
In vitro hypoxia increases production of matrix metalloproteinases and tryptase in isolated rat lung mast cells
Authors: Maxová H , Novotná J , Vajner L , Tomášová H , Vytášek R , Vízek M , Bačáková L , Valoušková V , Eliášová T , Herget J
Published: May 2021

Chronic hypoxia results in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension characterized by fibrotization and muscularization of the walls of peripheral pulmonary arteries. This vessel remodeling is accompanied by an increase in the amount of lung mast cells (LMC) and the presence of small collagen cleavage products in the vessel walls. We hypothesize that hypoxia activates LMC, which release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cleaving collagen and starting increased turnover of connective tissue proteins. This study was designed to determine whether in vitro hypoxia stimulates production of MMPs in rat LMC and increases their collagenolytic activity. The LMC were separated on the Percoll gradient and then were divided into two groups and cultivated for 24 h in 21 % O(2) + 5 % CO(2) or in 10 % O(2) + 5 % CO(2). Presence of the rat interstitial tissue collagenase (MMP-13) in LMC was visualized by immunohistological staining and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Total MMPs activity and tryptase activity were measured in both cultivation media and cellular extracts. Exposure to hypoxia in vitro increased the amount of cells positively labeled by anti-MMP-13 antibody as well as activities of all measured enzymes. The results therefore support the concept that LMC are an important source of increased collagenolytic activity in chronic hypoxia.
Cognac polyphenolic compounds increase bradykinin-induced nitric oxide production in endothelial cells
Authors: Diallo AS , Sarr M , Mostefai HA , Carusio N , Pricci M , Andriantsitohaina R
Published: May 2021

We recently reported that in vitro Cognac polyphenolic compounds (CPC) induce NO-dependent vasorelaxant effects and stimulate cardiac function. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of CPC on both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) production in cultured human endothelial cells. In addition, its effect on the bradykinin (BK)-induced NO production was also tested. The role and sources of O(2)(-) in the concomitant effect of BK plus CPC were pharmacologically determined. NO and O(2)(-) signals were measured using electron paramagnetic resonance technique using specific spin trappings. Both, CPC and BK induced an increase in NO production in human endothelial cells. The combination of both further enhanced NO release. The capacity of CPC plus BK to increase NO signal was blunted by the NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and was enhanced in the presence either of superoxide dismutase or catalase. Moreover, CPC plus BK response was greater after inhibition of either NADPH oxidase by apocynin or xanthine oxidase by allopurinol but it was not affected by rotenone. CPC did not affect O(2)(-) level either alone or after its increase upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. Finally, the capacity of BK alone to increase NO was enhanced either by apocynin or allopurinol. Altogether, these data demonstrate that CPC is able to directly increase NO production without affecting O(2)(-) and enhances the BK-induced NO production in human endothelial cells. The data highlight the ability of BK to stimulate not only NADPH oxidase- but also xanthine oxidase-inhibitor sensitive mechanisms that reduce its efficiency in increasing NO either alone or in the presence of CPC. These results bring pharmacological evidence for vascular protection by CPC via its potentiating effect of BK response in terms of endothelial NO release.
Screening of Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Glucokinase Gene in Czech Diabetic and Healthy Control Populations
Authors: Lukášová P , Včelák J , Vaňková M , Vejražková D , Andělová K , Bendlová B
Published: May 2021

Glucokinase (GCK) plays a key role in glucose metabolism. GCK mutations are known as a pathogenic cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2). These mutations are also found in gestational diabetics. The aim of our study was to assess the variability of the GCK gene in the Czech diabetic and control populations. We screened all 10 exons specific for the pancreatic isoform of glucokinase (1a and 2-10) including the intron flanking regions in 722 subjects (in 12 patients with an unrecognised type of MODY and their 10 family members, 313 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), 141 gestational diabetics (GDM), 130 healthy offspring of diabetic parents, and 116 healthy controls without family history of DM2). In two MODY families we identified two mutations in exon 2 of the GCK gene: a novel mutation Val33Ala and the previously described mutation Glu40Lys. In other subgroups (excluding MODY families) we detected only intronic variants and previously described polymorphisms in exons 6 (Tyr215Tyr) and 7 (Ser263Ser), we did not find any known GCK pathogenic mutation. We observed no difference in the frequencies of GCK polymorphisms between Czech diabetic (DM2, GDM) and non-diabetic populations.
Immunoprotective Steroids and SHBG in Non-Treated Hypothyroidism and Their Relationship to Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Drbalová K , Matucha P , Matějková-Běhanová M , Bílek R , Kříž L , Kazihnitková H , Hampl R
Published: May 2021

Immunomodulatory steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone and its 7-hydroxylated metabolites and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined in sera of 88 women aged 18-75 years. The group consisted of 34 healthy women, 37 women with subclinical and 17 women with manifest hypothyroidism. In all subjects the laboratory parameters of thyroid function (thyrotropin, free thyroxine and triiodothyronine) and thyroid autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin were determined. The aim was to find out 1) whether the above steroids and SHBG levels differ in individual groups according to thyroid status, 2) whether correlations exist among investigated steroids and thyroid laboratory parameters, and 3) whether the respective steroid and SHBG levels differ according to the presence of principal thyroid autoantibodies. With the exception of 7beta-hydroxy-dehydroepindrosterone levels, which were decreased in patients with manifest hypothyroidism (p<0.05), no significant differences in steroid and SHBG levels among groups according to diagnosis were found. On the other hand, significantly decreased levels of all the immunomodulatory steroids studied were found in subjects with positive titres of thyroid autoantibodies. This finding was supported by a tight negative correlation among the above steroids and thyroid autoantibodies. In addition, these steroids correlated negatively with thyrotropin and positively with free thyroid hormones. The results point to a negative relationship between the above mentioned immunoprotective steroids and the extent of the autoimmune process in hypothyroidism.
Relationship between Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Hormones and Anthropometric Parameters in Czech Adult Population.
Authors: Dvořáková M , Hill M , Čeřovská J , Pobišová Z , Bílek R , Hoskovcová P , Zamrazil V , Hainer V
Published: May 2021

Although the relationships between thyroid function and anthropometric parameters were studied in patients with thyroid disorders and in morbidly obese subjects, such data in normal healthy population are scarce. In our study, relationships between factors of body composition, fat distribution and age with hormones of the pituitary-thyroid axis were evaluated in a large, randomly selected sample of normal adult Czech population comprising of 1012 men and 1625 women. Our results exhibited weak, but significant relationships between body composition, body fat distribution and the parameters of pituitary-thyroid axis. Some of these associations were gender-specific. As shown by backward stepwise regression model, body fat distribution evaluated by centrality index (subscapular/triceps skinfold ratio) was negatively associated with free triiodothyronine (fT3) serum levels only in women, while a positive correlation of fT3 with BMI was specific for men. BMI was inversely related to free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations in women but not in men. The centrality index (CI) was positively related to TSH levels in both genders. The fT3/fT4 ratio, reflecting deiodinase activity, was inversely related to age and positively related to BMI in both genders, while the highly significant negative correlation between CI and fT3/fT4 ratio was specific for women.
Family Empowerment with SEDAP Method (Sharing, Education and Practice) in Improving the Quality of Life in Lung Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Triwibowo Cecep , Nurhayati Ida , Lubis Nita Andriani
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Family empowerment might be considered asan effort to strengthen the role and knowledge of familywith TB patients. Objective: Proving the effectiveness of family empowerment with SEDAP (Sharing, Education, and Practice) method to improve the quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Mixed methods research, qualitative research was done using FGD approach, while pre-post control group design was used for the quantitative research. Thirty-eighttrials of TB patients were divided into 2 groups: intervention group where family empowerment was introduced using the SEDAP method and control group. Qualitative data were collected using a recording device which would be transcripted, followed by keyword observation and analysis. Quantitative data were obtained using SGRQ questionnaires, both on knowledge and quality of life variables. Qualitative data were analyzed by interactive models, whereas quantitative data by independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-test. Results: Three main domains (knowledge, attitude, and behavior) were obtained from the FGD results, along with the keywords analyzed from each domain. Knowledge domain was associated with TB causes and routes of transmission, attitude was related to the negative stigma on TB patients, and lastly, behaviour was linked with patients’ forgetfulness in taking medication and the side effects occurred due to the medication. P-value
Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes
Authors: Gori Manuele , Vadalà Gianluca , Giannitelli Sara Maria , Denaro Vincenzo , Di Pino Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Neural-interfaced prostheses aim to restore sensorimotor limb functions in amputees. They rely on bidirectional neural interfaces, which represent the communication bridge between nervous system and neuroprosthetic device by controlling its movements and evoking sensory feedback. Compared to extraneural electrodes (i.e., epineural and perineural implants), intraneural electrodes, implanted within peripheral nerves, have higher selectivity and specificity of neural signal recording and nerve stimulation. However, being implanted in the nerve, their main limitation is represented by the significant inflammatory response that the body mounts around the probe, known as Foreign Body Reaction (FBR), which may hinder their rapid clinical translation. Furthermore, the mechanical mismatch between the consistency of the device and the surrounding neural tissue may contribute to exacerbate the inflammatory state. The FBR is a non-specific reaction of the host immune system to a foreign material. It is characterized by an early inflammatory phase eventually leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around intraneural interfaces, which increases the electrical impedance over time and reduces the chronic interface biocompatibility and functionality. Thus, the future in the reduction and control of the FBR relies on innovative biomedical strategies for the fabrication of next-generation neural interfaces, such as the development of more suitable designs of the device with smaller size, appropriate stiffness and novel conductive and biomimetic coatings for improving their long-term stability and performance. Here, we present and critically discuss the latest biomedical approaches from material chemistry and tissue engineering for controlling and mitigating the FBR in chronic neural implants.
Emerging Nanotechnology for Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Li Amanda , Tyson Joel , Patel Shivni , Patel Meer , Katakam Sruthi , Mao Xiaobo , He Weiwei
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), are expected to rise alongside the progressive aging of society. Both PD and AD are classified as proteinopathies with misfolded proteins α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau. Emerging evidence suggests that these misfolded aggregates are prion-like proteins that induce pathological cell-to-cell spreading, which is a major driver in pathogenesis. Additional factors that can further affect pathology spreading include oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and cell death. Nanomaterials present advantages over traditional chemical or biological therapeutic approaches at targeting these specific mechanisms. They can have intrinsic properties that lead to a decrease in oxidative stress or an ability to bind and disaggregate fibrils. Additionally, nanomaterials enhance transportation across the blood-brain barrier, are easily functionalized, increase drug half-lives, protect cargo from immune detection, and provide a physical structure that can support cell growth. This review highlights emergent nanomaterials with these advantages that target oxidative stress, the fibrillization process, inflammation, and aid in regenerative medicine for both PD and AD.