bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure-distribution-dependent leader-following fault-tolerant consensus for multiagent system with cyberattacks
Authors: Miao Kunzhong , Li Jianning , Wang Aimin
Published: January 2024

This article concentrates on a failure-distribution-dependent leader-following fault-tolerant consensus control for multiagent systems with cyberattacks. First, considering the characteristic of failures, a failure distribution model which is more in line with the actual situation is established. To reduce the influence of zero initial conditions, an [Formula: see text] performance index suitable for leader-following multiagent systems is constructed. After this, it is difficult to obtain the augmented form of the closed-loop system due to the coupling of parameters caused by cyberattacks. Thus, based on the provided failure model and performance index, a new fault-tolerant controller is designed by using topological structure segmentation to satisfy the leader-following multiagent system fault-tolerant consensus. Finally, a numerical example is shown to prove the feasibility of this algorithm.
Is labour migration disrupting dual vocational education and training systems? Empirical evidence from the Danish and Norwegian construction sectors
Authors: Arnholtz Jens , Østhus Ståle
Published: January 2024

This article studies how labour migration affects dual vocational education and training (VET) systems. We argue that because dual VET systems rely on employers engaging in training, an alternative source of labour – such as labour migrants – may make employers less likely to train, especially when pressure on industrial relations institutions makes it possible for employers to use migrant labour as low-wage labour. Drawing on linked employer-employee register data from Denmark and Norway, we us logistic and Poisson regression to analyse whether changes in the level of labour migration in regional subsectors of the construction sector in these two countries affects firms’ hiring of apprentices. We find that despite dissimilar developments in the labour migration level, these levels nonetheless correlate with the intake of apprentices in both countries. The results suggest that labour migration into countries with dual VET systems may have long-term effects on their skill formation systems.
The cultural and creative economy in Italy: Spatial patterns in peripheral areas
Authors: Crociata Alessandro , Pinate Adriana C , Urso Giulia
Published: January 2024

In this article, we analyse the structure of the Italian cultural and creative economy, focusing on peripheral areas. We highlight patterns of specialisation and spatial dependency through employment data and firms’ data. In addition, we develop a novel data set by collecting data that use the least aggregated territorial unit, that is, Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 4 (from the French version Nomenclature des Unités territoriales statistiques); thus, we create a harmonised taxonomy of cultural and creative industries at a four-digit level. Our multi-step analysis highlights specific geographical patterns and a clear spatial organisation in inner areas. This study’s results may benefit evidence-based policy-setting in the under-investigated context of culture-led development and the creative economy of peripheral areas.

JEL classifications: L8, R12
Freedom, Markets and Moral Motivation: Towards a More Adequate Account of the Implicit Morality of the Market
Authors: Bernacchio Caleb
Published: January 2024

The market failures approach is amongst the most influential theories of business ethics. Its interest within the field is, in large part, a result of its rejection of moralism and any sort of applied ethics approach, favouring, in contrast, a focus on the institutionally embodied goal of economic activity, which it takes to be that of Pareto efficiency. From this articulation of the goal, or purpose, of markets, a set of efficiency imperatives are derived that are taken to comprise the implicit morality of the market. However, the market failures approach has not adequately explained the basis of market actors’ moral motivation, that is, the reasons individuals have to self-consciously adhere to moral norms governing market transactions. This failure, I argue, stems from its misspecification of the purpose of the market. After explaining this failure to address the problem of moral motivation, I argue that a distinctive mode of freedom understood as a form of self-authorship is better seen as the purpose of the market, a goal that actually animates individual market participants. I then argue that this notion of freedom is intrinsically linked to a conception of responsibility and that this notion of responsibility can be more adequately conceptualized as involving a set of market virtues focused on promoting mutually beneficial transactions. Thus, the link between freedom and responsibility, stemming from an individual’s need to legitimize their freedom in a market context, provides the basis for a self-conscious sense of moral motivation. As such, this approach better captures the implicit morality of the market while also addressing the problem of moral motivation.
Assessing the Impact of Trade Policies on Growth and Development of the Manufacturing and Agricultural Sectors in Nigeria
Authors: Ibeh Felix
Published: January 2024

This article examines the impact of trade policies in Nigeria (1960–2022) on the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. To set the context, I have grouped the trade policy periods into two categories: (a) the pre–structural adjustment programme (SAP) era (1960–1985) and (b) the post-SAP era (1986–2022). I have then examined economic data and all the existing literature to understand the pattern of manufacturing and agricultural outputs during these policy periods. Pre-SAP and post-SAP trade policies show a shift from protectionism to liberalisation, moderately improving agricultural and industrial sectors but still facing obstacles. Despite policies and agreements to improve trade, economic development remains unrealised. This study demonstrated that trade policies have led to erratic progress in both the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, consequently making a lesser contribution to the overall Nigerian development. Within this debate, three different schools of thought can be distinguished. The first school of thought holds that trade policy reforms benefit the growth of Nigerian manufacturing and agricultural sectors. The second school of thought contends that trade policy reforms (such as trade liberalisation) have a detrimental effect on industrial and agricultural sectors. The third school of thought argues that there is no proof or substantial linkage between trade policy reforms and the productivity and growth of manufacturing and agricultural sectors. Nevertheless, to benefit from trade liberalisation, this article identifies the need to revise the Nigerian trade policy as well as stabilise foreign exchange rates to advance and boost local manufacturing and agricultural sectors and promote active participation in trade agreements and policies.
A Short Dietary Assessment Instrument to Evaluate Protein Quality and the Diversity of Protein Sources in Malaysian Diets
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Monsivais Pablo , Mognard Elise , Ismail Noor Mohd , Karim Norimah , Laporte Cyrille , Alem Yasmine , Poulain Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2024

The diversity of protein food sources, animal and plant, may be a proxy measure of protein quality and adequate protein nutrition. A population-based sample of 1604 Malaysians aged ≥18 y completed one 24-h dietary recall and a new 29-item protein diversity indicator (PDI). Socio-demographic data were obtained by self-report. Mean total protein intakes were 75.2 g/d from 24-h recalls and 74.9 g/d from PDI. Protein diversity indicator–estimated protein intakes were 36.2% from meat and poultry, 8.8% from fish, 16.0% from eggs and dairy, and 39.0% from plants. Intakes of animal proteins varied with socioeconomic status and ethnicity and were associated with higher protein quality, defined as the adequacy of essential amino acids (EAAs) relative to protein requirements. Protein intakes and protein quality in Malaysia were generally adequate. Protein diversity indicator metrics can complement current methods of dietary assessment and may be useful for monitoring protein diversity and quality in other countries currently undergoing nutrition transition.
In-hospital outcomes of septal myectomy vs. alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow tract obstruction: An update and insights from the national inpatient sample from 2011 to 2019
Authors: Inestroza Karla , Mijares-Rojas Ivan , Matute-Martínez Carlos , Ergui Ian , Albosta Michael , Vergara-Sanchez Carlos , Dangl Michael , Hernandez Rafael Jaciel , Ebner Bertrand , Vincent Louis T. , Maning Jennifer , Alfonso Carlos , Colombo Rosario
Published: January 2024

Septal Myectomy (SM) and Alcohol Septal Ablation (ASA) improve symptoms in patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with outflow tract obstruction (oHCM). However, outcomes data in this population is predominantly from specialized centers. The National Inpatient Database was queried from 2011 to 2019 for relevant international classification of diseases (ICD)-9 and -10 diagnostic and procedural codes. We compared baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with oHCM who underwent SM vs ASA. A p-value  < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. We identified 15,119 patients with oHCM who underwent septal reduction therapies, of whom 57.4% underwent SM, and 42.6% underwent ASA. Patients who underwent SM had higher all-cause mortality (OR: 1.8 (1.3–2.5)), post-procedure ischemic stroke (OR: 2.3 (1.7–3.2)), acute kidney injury (OR: 1.4 (1.2–1.7)), vascular complications (OR: 3.6 (2.3–5.3)), ventricular septal defect (OR: 4.4 (3.2–6.1)), cardiogenic shock (OR: 1.7 (1.3–2.3)), sepsis (OR: 3.2 (1.9–5.4)), and left bundle branch block (OR: 3.5 (3–4)), compared to ASA. Patients who underwent ASA had higher post-procedure complete heart block (OR: 1.3 (1.1–1.4)), right bundle branch block (OR: 6.3 (5–7.7)), ventricular tachycardia (OR: 2.2 (1.9–2.6)), supraventricular tachycardia (OR: 1.6 (1.4–2)), and more commonly required pacemaker insertion (OR: 1.4 (1.3–1.7)) (p < 0.001 for all) compared to SM. This nationwide analysis evidenced that patients undergoing SM had higher in-hospital mortality and periprocedural complications than ASA; however, those undergoing ASA had more post-procedure conduction abnormalities and pacemaker implantation. The implications of these findings warrant further investigation regarding patient selection strategies for these therapies.
Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats: 1. Diagnostic approach
Authors: Barrs Vanessa R , Bęczkowski Paweł M , Talbot Jessica J , Hobi Stefan , Teoh Shu Ning , Hernandez Muguiro Daniela , Shubitz Lisa F , Sandy Jeanine
Published: January 2024

Clinical relevance:

In contrast to superficial fungal infections, such as dermatophytosis, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. Disease can spread locally within a region or can disseminate haematogenously or via the lymphatics. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. Since fungal spores are airborne, indoor cats are also susceptible to IFIs. Some environmental fungi are ubiquitous and present globally, while others are endemic or hyperendemic within specific geographic regions. Zoonotic pathogens include Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis.

Aim:

In the first of a two-part article series, the approach to the investigation of feline IFIs and oomycoses is reviewed. As well as tips for diagnosis, and information on the ecological niche and distribution of fungal pathogens, the review covers clinical presentation of the most common IFIs, including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, as well as the oomycoses pythiosis, lagenidiosis and paralagenidiosis. In Part 2, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and adverse effects of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis for specific IFIs and oomycoses are discussed.

Evidence base:

The review draws on published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.
Navigating Quandaries and Hard Places: The Impact of Leadership Dynamics on the Career Paths of Three BIPOC Women Assistant Principals
Authors: Davis Dionne L. , Martinez Melissa A. , Peña Rosa M.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this case is to illuminate the nuances of one of the most important roles on a school campus—the role of the assistant principal; with a focus on Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) women assistant principals. This case is for educational leaders interested in understanding the power dynamics between an assistant principal and multiple stakeholders, the nuances of the role of assistant principal, creating opportunities for networking and professional development, and viewing the assistant principal as an asset and integral part of the success of the school. These efforts and others are necessary to ensure the retention of BIPOC women serving as assistant principals.
Screening for Antimycobacterial Activity of Actinomycetes Collected in Vietnam – Isolation and Activity of Metabolites from Streptomyces alboniger (A121)
Authors: Huynh Ni Thi Ngoc , Pham Ninh Thi , Tran Chien Van , Nguyen Dung Thi , Dinh Mai Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Van Thi , Nguyen Minh Hong , Ngo Hieu Van , Ho Anh Ngoc , Cheng Jinhua , Suh Joo-Won , Tran Sung Van , Nguyen Thao Kim Nu , Tran Thao Thi Phuong
Published: January 2024

Objective

Actinomycetes have been known to be the great natural sources to explore antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The isolation of actinomycetes from the samples in Vietnam followed by the screening of their antimycobacterial activity was performed in this study. The metabolites isolated from the most active strain were further evaluated for their antimycobacterial, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.

Methods

Actinomycetes were growth in culture media, isolated and identified by colony, spore chain morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Agar diffusion assay was used for the screening of the isolated strains against Mycobacterium smegmatis, a safety surrogate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The metabolites produced from the most active strain were investigated by actinomycete fermentation, extraction and isolation from biomass and cultures. The structures of the isolated compound were elucidated by spectral data and comparison with the reported literatures.

Results

181 strains were isolated from nine regions along the north to central Vietnam. The five most active strains against Mycobacterium smegmatis were detected. Following the bioassay-guided result, the strain A121 ( Streptomyces alboniger) was selected for further isolation of the bioactive metabolites. As a result, obscurolide B2β (1) and chartreusin (2) were obtained and evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis. Compound 2 displayed potential antimycobacterial activity, antimicrobial effect against the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum and cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines KB, HepG-2, Lu-1 and MCF-7.

Conclusions

Five strains possessing potential antimycobacterial activity were identified from the samples collected in Vietnam. Two compounds including obscurolide B2β (1) and chartreusin (2) were isolated from the most active strain A121 ( Streptomyces alboniger). This is the first time these compounds have been isolated from this strain. Chartreusin (2) exhibited notable antimycobacterial, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity, making its worthy attention for further drug development, particularly for antituberculosis therapeutic agents.
Alternative Media in Alternative Sport: Platforming Working Conditions in Professional Skateboarding
Authors: Nichols L. Dugan
Published: January 2024

Alternative media enable marginalized people to voice their experiences, challenge dominant ideologies, and circumvent mainstream gatekeepers. Podcasts are an alternative medium that can be counterhegemonic, foregrounding such issues as antiracism, Indigeneity, LGBTQ rights, socialism, and workers’ perspectives. This article expands on alternative-media research by transporting it to the skateboarding subculture. I first depict the skateboard outlets Thrasher Magazine (1981) and The Berrics (2007) website as hegemonic and mainstream. By contrast, I depict podcasts The Bunt (2016) and Vent City (2019) as counterhegemonic and alternative. I then ask: To what degree do skate podcasts acknowledge professional skateboarders as workers? And: Do such shows allow skaters to express grievances with their industry? A discourse analysis of Thrasher and The Berrics demonstrates that they often mystify freelance work, class, and skaters’ working conditions. An analysis of The Bunt and Vent City suggests that podcasts offer unique and radical perspectives, though attention to working conditions is uneven. I find there may be too much overlap between the case studies for an alternative/mainstream distinction to be meaningful. Political currents within skateboarding are still promising, however, and digital media will be essential in making the subculture and industry more inclusive.
Rheumatology Training for Undergraduate Medical Students in Uganda: A Need Assessment Survey
Authors: Kibone Winnie , Nansubuga Angel Lisa , Okot Jerom , Buule Richard , Bongomin Felix , Kaddumukasa Mark
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Despite the rise in the common rheumatological and musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs) in Africa, rheumatology remains an under recognized field with limited training and exposure of medical students. We assessed the knowledge of undergraduate medical students in Uganda on RMDs occurring in our settings.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical year medical students at 9 universities in Uganda offering undergraduate medical degrees in March and April 2022. A self-administered, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and basic knowledge on RMDs online using KoboToolbox. Sufficient knowledge was defined as a score of ≥50% (pass mark for undergraduate students in Uganda). Multivariable logistic regression was performed using STATA 16 to determine factors associated with knowledge acquisition on RMDs.

Results

We enrolled 359 medical students from 9 medical training institutes across Uganda. Overall, 126 (35.1%) participants had sufficient knowledge and the overall mean score for all participants was 41.2%. Factors independently associated with sufficient knowledge were: being in fourth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-4.64, P < .001) and fifth year (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.18-4.18, P = .013) compared to third year of study, awareness of the speciality of rheumatology (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.96-8.06, P < .001), formal classes on rheumatology (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15-3.35, P = .012), prior bedside teaching on RMDs (aOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.49-3.69, P < .001), awareness of common RMDs (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.67-6.04, P < .001), and having seen a patient with an RMD (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.14-2.77, P < .01).

Conclusion

There was a significant knowledge gap among undergraduate medical students nationwide on rheumatology. There is an urgent need to increase exposure to RMDs for undergraduate medical students to address the rising burden of RMDs in Uganda.
Thinking of Learning Communities? Here Are Some of the Ways They May Benefit Your Medical Students
Authors: Stevens Niall
Published: January 2024

Learning communities are designed to bring together students, faculty, and potentially other healthcare professionals, to learn with and from each other formally in teaching activities but also in the social domain. In recent years, learning communities have gained some recognition as an effective educational strategy but their use is still not widely seen in all medical schools. Numerous benefits of learning communities have been reported and these include improved academic performance, enhanced critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, increased student confidence, and improved communication skills. Learning communities also provide opportunities for personal growth, mentorship, and self-reflection, all of which contribute to a students’ professional development.
Barriers and enablers to implementing police mental health co-responder programs: A qualitative study using the consolidated framework for implementation research
Authors: Fisher O. J. , Donahoo C. , Bosley E. , du Cloux R. , Garner S. , Powell S. , Pickard J. , Grevis-James N. , Wyder M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Police and mental health co-responder programs operate internationally and can be effective in providing timely and appropriate assessment, brief intervention, and referral services for people experiencing mental health crises. However, these models vary greatly, and little is known about how the design and implementation of these programs impacts their effectiveness.

Method

This study was a qualitative, post hoc implementation determinant evaluation of mental health co-responder units in Brisbane, Australia, comprising of verbal or written interviews with police and mental health staff with an on-road role in the co-responder units, and their managers. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to identify barriers and enablers to the program's implementation and effectiveness.

Results

Participants ( n = 30) from all groups felt strongly that the co-responder units are a substantial improvement over the usual police management of mental health crisis cases, and lead to better outcomes for consumers and the service. Enablers included an information-sharing agreement; the Mental Health Co-Responder (MHCORE) program's compatibility with existing police and mental health services; and the learning opportunity for both organizations. Barriers included cultural differences between the organizations, particularly risk-aversion to suicidality for police and a focus on least-restrictive practices for health; extensive documentation requirements for health; and a lack of specific mental health training for police.

Conclusions

Using an evidence-based implementation science framework enabled identification of a broad range of contextual barriers and enablers to implementation of police mental health co-responder programs. Adapting the program to address these barriers and enablers during the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation phases increases the likelihood of the service's effectiveness. These findings will inform the spread and scale of the co-responder program across Queensland, and will be relevant to police districts internationally considering implementing a co-responder program.
Uncovering determinants of perceived feasibility of TF-CBT through coincidence analysis
Authors: Johnson Clara , AlRasheed Rashed , Gray Christine , Triplett Noah , Mbwayo Anne , Weinhold Andrew , Whetten Kathryn , Dorsey Shannon
Published: January 2024

Introduction

A mental health provider's perception of how well an intervention can be carried out in their context (i.e., feasibility) is an important implementation outcome. This article aims to identify determinants of feasibility of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) through a case-based causal approach.

Method

Data come from an implementation-effectiveness study in which lay counselors (teachers and community health volunteers) implemented a culturally adapted manualized mental health intervention, TF-CBT, delivered to teens who were previously orphaned and were experiencing posttraumatic stress symptoms and prolonged grief in Western Kenya. The intervention team identified combinations of determinants that led to feasibility among teacher- and community health volunteer-counselors through coincidence analysis.

Results

Among teacher-counselors, organizational-level factors (implementation climate, implementation leadership) determined moderate and high levels of feasibility. Among community health volunteer-counselors, a strong relationship between a clinical supervisor and the supervisee was the most influential determinant of feasibility.

Conclusion

Methodology and findings from this article can guide the assessment of determinants of feasibility and the development of implementation strategies for manualized mental health interventions in contexts like Western Kenya.

Plain Language Summary

A mental health provider's perception of how easy a therapy is to use in their work setting (i.e., feasibility) can impact whether the provider uses the therapy in their setting. Implementation researchers have recommended finding practices and constructs that lead to important indicators that a therapy will be used. However, limited research to our knowledge has searched and found practices and constructs that might determine feasibility of a therapy. This article uses existing data from a large trial looking at the continued use of a trauma-focused therapy to find practices and constructs that lead to moderate and high levels of feasibility. We found that in settings with a strong organizational structure that organization and leadership support for the therapy led to teachers in Kenya to perceive the therapy as easy to use. On the other hand, in settings with a weaker organizational structure, outside support from a clinical supervisor led to community health volunteers in Kenya perceiving the therapy as easy to use. The findings from this article can guide context-specific recommendations for increasing perceived therapy feasibility at the provider-, organization-, and policy levels.
The perspective of school leaders on the implementation of evidence-based practices: A mixed methods study
Authors: Moore Stephanie A. , Sridhar Aksheya , Taormina Isabella , Rajadhyaksha Manasi , Azad Gazi
Published: January 2024

Background

School leaders play an integral role in the use of implementation strategies, which in turn support special education teachers in the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). In this convergent mixed methods study, we explored school leaders’ perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to EBP implementation, particularly for students receiving special education, as well as the importance and feasibility of 15 implementation strategies.

Method

School leaders ( N  =  22, principals, assistant principals, school psychologists, etc.) participated in a semistructured interview that included three parts—qualitative questions, quantitative ratings of strategies’ importance and feasibility, and discussion of the top three implementation strategies. Data strands were analyzed independently and then integrated to generate meta-inferences.

Results

The qualitative data identified facilitators such as access to resources about the intervention (e.g., professional development) and collaboration and teamwork, while barriers centered on lack of school supports, culture/climate, and organizational factors (e.g., lack of communication). The quantitative data indicated that the implementation strategy provide ongoing consultation/coaching was rated as important and feasible. Monitor the progress of the implementation effort was rated as important but less feasible, while conduct educational meetings and change the environment were rated as feasible, but less important. Build partnerships to support implementation was rated as less important and feasible. There was convergence and divergence in mixed methods findings.

Conclusion

This study underscores the critical need to increase school leaders’ knowledge and skills related to implementation science to better leverage implementation strategies that address the confluence of relevant implementation determinants.
Soy isoflavones induces mitophagy to inhibit the progression of osteosarcoma by blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Ziang , Zhao Xinghan , Yuan Bo , Jiang Shan , Yan Rushan , Dong Xiaowei , Yao Qijun , Liang Haidong
Published: January 2024

Background

Soy isoflavones (SI) is a natural bioactive substance exhibiting beneficial effects on human health. This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic potential of SI in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, particularly focusing on mitophagy.

Methods

The effects of SI on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of U2OS cells were analyzed. Mitophagy was assessed through multiple parameters: mitochondrial autophagosomes, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy-related proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Protein levels related to apoptosis, autophagy, and the AKT/mTOR pathway were analyzed using western blot. The therapeutic efficacy of SI was further identified using a mouse tumor xenograft model. Cell apoptosis and proliferation in tumor xenografts were detected by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively.

Results

SI dose-dependently suppressed the viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion of U2OS cells, and enhanced the apoptosis. SI also dose-dependently induced mitophagy in OS cells, evidenced by an increase in autophagosomes and ROS levels, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and OCR, and concomitant changes in autophagy-related proteins. Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitophagy, reversed the anti-tumor effects of SI on U2OS cells. In addition, SI blocked the AKT/mTOR pathway in U2OS cells. SC-79, an AKT agonist, reversed the effect of SI on inducing mitophagy. Moreover, SI also promoted cell apoptosis and mitophagy in tumor xenografts in vivo.

Conclusions

SI induces mitophagy in OS cells by blocking the AKT/mTOR pathway, contributing to the inhibition of OS.
Identifying patterns to uncover the importance of biological pathways on known drug repurposing scenarios
Authors: Otero-Carrasco Belén , Ugarte Carro Esther , Prieto-Santamaría Lucía , Diaz Uzquiano Marina , Caraça-Valente Hernández Juan Pedro , Rodríguez-González Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Background

Drug repurposing plays a significant role in providing effective treatments for certain diseases faster and more cost-effectively. Successful repurposing cases are mostly supported by a classical paradigm that stems from de novo drug development. This paradigm is based on the “one-drug-one-target-one-disease” idea. It consists of designing drugs specifically for a single disease and its drug’s gene target. In this article, we investigated the use of biological pathways as potential elements to achieve effective drug repurposing.

Methods

Considering a total of 4214 successful cases of drug repurposing, we identified cases in which biological pathways serve as the underlying basis for successful repurposing, referred to as DREBIOP. Once the repurposing cases based on pathways were identified, we studied their inherent patterns by considering the different biological elements associated with this dataset, as well as the pathways involved in these cases. Furthermore, we obtained gene-disease association values to demonstrate the diminished significance of the drug’s gene target in these repurposing cases. To achieve this, we compared the values obtained for the DREBIOP set with the overall association values found in DISNET, as well as with the drug’s target gene (DREGE) based repurposing cases using the Mann-Whitney U Test.

Results

A collection of drug repurposing cases, known as DREBIOP, was identified as a result. DREBIOP cases exhibit distinct characteristics compared with DREGE cases. Notably, DREBIOP cases are associated with a higher number of biological pathways, with Vitamin D Metabolism and ACE inhibitors being the most prominent pathways. Additionally, it was observed that the association values of GDAs in DREBIOP cases were significantly lower than those in DREGE cases (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusions

Biological pathways assume a pivotal role in drug repurposing cases. This investigation successfully revealed patterns that distinguish drug repurposing instances associated with biological pathways. These identified patterns can be applied to any known repurposing case, enabling the detection of pathway-based repurposing scenarios or the classical paradigm.
Nurses’ experiences of providing medical services during the Kermanshah earthquake in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Akbari Khadijeh , Yari Arezoo , Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas
Published: January 2024

Background

Nurses have always been at the forefront of providing services for victims of disasters. Using nurses’ experiences in disaster planning can play an important role in improving their readiness to provide healthcare during disasters. The objective of this study is not only to understand the challenges but also to explore and document the broader spectrum of experiences encountered by nurses in these critical situations. By focusing on their experiences, we aim to contribute valuable insights to enhance disaster preparedness and healthcare delivery strategies.

Methods

This qualitative study employed the content analysis method to describe the experiences of 16 earthquake relief nurses in Kermanshah, Iran. Sampling was done purposefully and continued until data saturation was achieved. Initially, two unstructured interviews were conducted to shape the interview’s main line and refine guide questions. Subsequently, the study involved semi-structured interviews and observation notes for a nuanced understanding of the participants’ experiences.

Results

In the analysis of the interviews, 920 codes were obtained and the nurses’ experiences were categorized into three main categories: personal experiences, operational experiences, and social and cultural experiences. These three categories covered 12 subcategories.

Conclusion

Results of describing nurses’ experiences in the Kermanshah earthquake showed that nurses need to plan and implement necessary measures to ensure pre-disaster preparedness to respond effectively to disasters such as earthquakes. Besides, it is necessary to prepare, train and practice these interventions regularly, periodically, and purposefully. They should be evaluated and updated if they are used in a real earthquake or practice and maneuver.
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in older adults with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Ito Ayumi , Murasugi Syun , Omori Teppei , Nakamura Shinichi , Tokushige Katsutoshi
Published: January 2024

Background/aims

The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been increasing, also in older adults. Here, we retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) in older and younger patients with UC.

Methods

We included younger (age < 65 years; n = 116) and older patients (age ≥ 65 years; n = 21) with UC who received TAC from April 2009 through December 2022(mean follow-up, 1230 ± 175 days) and achieved remission. Evaluations included age at onset, laboratory values, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), biological experience, colonoscopy scores, remission at 1 month after treatment initiation, and adverse events. Treatment duration and renal function were assessed in patients with follow-up data (younger patients, n = 110; older patients, n = 19).

Results

Older patients had a higher age at onset and treatment initiation but less 5-ASA use and biological experience. Before treatment, hemoglobin, albumin, and eGFR were significantly lower in the older group and CRP was significantly higher. The remission rate was 80.1% in the younger group and 66.6% in the older group (P = 0.1862). Adverse events were similar in both groups. The older group had a shorter treatment duration and significantly less change in renal function at all time points.

Discussion

Rates of TAC-induced remission and adverse events were similar in older and younger adults with UC.

Conclusion

TAC can be used safely in elderly patients with moderate to severe UC with careful monitoring.
Modelling the risk of Japanese encephalitis virus in Victoria, Australia, using an expert-systems approach
Authors: Flores Lima Mariel , Cotton Jacqueline , Marais Monique , Faggian Robert
Published: January 2024

Predictive models for vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are instrumental to understanding the potential geographic spread of VBDs and therefore serve as useful tools for public health decision-making. However, predicting the emergence of VBDs at the micro-, local, and regional levels presents challenges, as the importance of risk factors can vary spatially and temporally depending on climatic factors and vector and host abundance and preferences. We propose an expert-systems-based approach that uses an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) deployed within a geographic information system (GIS), to predict areas susceptible to the risk of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) emergence. This modelling approach produces risk maps, identifying micro-level risk areas with the potential for disease emergence. The results revealed that climatic conditions, especially the minimum temperature and precipitation required for JEV transmission, contributed to high-risk conditions developed during January and March of 2022 in Victora. Compared to historical climate records, the risk of JEV emergence was increased in most parts of the state due to climate. Importantly, the model accurately predicted 7 out of the 8 local government areas that reported JEV-positive cases during the outbreak of 2022 in Victorian piggeries. This underscores the model’s potential as a reliable tool for supporting local risk assessments in the face of evolving climate change.
Rare post-operative intracranial abscess due to Serratia marcescens: what we can learn from it?
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Feng Ridong , Song Xiaolin , Zhao Hai
Published: January 2024

Background

Nosocomial infections caused by Serratia marcescens mostly occurred in pediatrics and it was very rarely reported after adult surgery. Here, an intracranial abscess caused by Serratia marcescens was reported.

Case summary

We report a rare case of a postoperative intracranial abscess caused by Serratia marcescens in a 63-year-old male patient with a left parietal mass. The patient underwent resection of the mass on June 1, 2022, and the postoperative pathology revealed an angiomatous meningioma, WHO I. He then experienced recurrent worsening of right limb movements, and repeated cranial CT scans showed oozing blood and obvious low-density shadows around the operation area. Delayed wound healing was considered. Subsequently, a large amount of pus was extracted from the wound. The etiological test showed that Serratia marcescens infection occurred before the removal of the artificial titanium mesh. Antibiotics were initiated based on the results of drug susceptibility tests. At present, the patient is recovering well and is still closely monitored during follow-up.

Conclusion

It is rare for Serratia marcescens to cause brain abscesses without any obvious signs of infection. This report provided in detail our experience of a warning postoperative asymptomatic brain abscess caused by an uncommon pathogen.
Thyroid abscess associated with thyrotoxicosis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica in a patient with follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Hashimoto Takehiro , Yahiro Takaaki , Takakura Sonoka , Khan Sakirul , Kimitsuki Kazunori , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Nishizono Akira
Published: January 2024

Background

Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen that is typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route. The most common clinical manifestation of a Y. enterocolitica infection is self-limited gastroenteritis. Although various extraintestinal manifestations of Y. enterocolitica infection have been reported, there are no reports of thyroid abscesses.

Case presentation

An 89-year-old Japanese man with follicular adenoma of the left thyroid gland was admitted to our hospital with a 2-day history of fever and left neck pain. Laboratory tests revealed low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and elevated levels of free thyroxine 4. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed low-attenuation areas with peripheral enhancement in the left thyroid gland. He was diagnosed with thyroid abscess and thyrotoxicosis, and treatment with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam was initiated after collecting blood, drainage fluid, and stool samples. The isolated Gram-negative rod bacteria from blood and drainage fluid cultures was confirmed to be Y. enterocolitica. He was diagnosed with thyroid abscess and thyrotoxicosis due to be Y. enterocolitica subsp. palearctica. The piperacillin-tazobactam was replaced with levofloxacin.

Conclusion

We report a novel case of a thyroid abscess associated with thyrotoxicosis caused by Y. enterocolitica subsp. palearctica in a patient with a follicular thyroid adenoma.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Zhu Ying , Xu Le , Beejadhursing Rajluxmee , Li Fei
Published: January 2024

Background

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is an idiopathic disease of pregnancy. Little is known about how it specifically affects pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF). Our aim is to evaluate the impact of IVF on the perinatal outcomes of ICP.

Methods

A retrospective study of 242 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, comprising 36 conceived through IVF and 206 spontaneous conceptions (SC), enrolled between 2019 and 2021 was carried out. Data were analyzed from the medical archives of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital.

Results

Numerical values of transaminases (ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase) and serum total bile acid (TBA) are significantly lower in the IVF group than that in the spontaneous conceived group (p < 0.05). The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was higher in the IVF group than in SC group (30.6% vs. 16%, p = 0.037). The cesarean section (CS) rates are higher in the IVF group (97.2% vs. 85.4%, p = 0.023). On the other hand, the prevalence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) was higher in the SC group (10.7%) while none was reported in the IVF-ICP group. Other maternal comorbidities and neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

ICP patients who underwent IVF are more likely to suffer from GDM. Therefore, monitoring and management of blood glucose should be strengthened during pregnancy. Fortunately, IVF does not seem to worsen the progression or outlook of ICP, so sticking to standard management practices is recommended.
Mother-child pairs’ eating and feeding behaviours in two different nutritional status from two distinct provinces
Authors: Özen Gülsüm , Güneş Bülent , Yalçın Suzan , Yalçın Sıddika Songül
Published: January 2024

Nutrition plays a crucial role for the bio-psycho-social growth and development of children. Mother-child pairs’ eating-feeding problems can be hypothesized to relate to the child’s nutritional status and living area. Our focus was to assess maternal attitudes and children’s eating habits in thin and normal-weight children across two cities characterized by distinct socioeconomic and demographic profiles: Ankara and Şanlıurfa. This double case-control study included the mothers whose children are aged between 2 and 7 years old in both cities. Figure Rating Scale, Child Feeding Questionnaire and Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale were filled by mothers of children. The mothers of thin children were concerned more about the weight of their children, felt more responsible for feeding their children, and use of pressured them to eat more frequently compared to normal-weight children’s mothers in both cities. In Ankara, the duration of breastfeeding is longer, using formula is rarer and starting complementary food on time is more common, mother had higher scores on perceived responsibility, perceived child weight, and concern about child weight subscales; lower score on the restriction subscale compared to Şanlıurfa. Mothers of both thin and normal weight children in Şanlıurfa rated their children as weaker compared to those in Ankara. In conclusion, child eating behaviors and parental feeding practices were associated with the weight of children depending on demographic and sociocultural differences. Implementing customized, location-specific preventive educational initiatives on child feeding will not only foster behavioral changes but also yield valuable insights for shaping future interventions.
The role of genetic factors in pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes with different outcomes
Authors: Li Ying , Cheng Li , Peng Yun , Wang Lin , Zhang Wenzhi , Yin Yuhong , Zhang Jing , Wu Xiaoyan
Published: January 2024

Background

Pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are rare disorders with an unrevealed pathogenesis. Our aim is to explore the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of MDS in children with different outcomes and to discover the correlation between genetic features and clinical outcomes as well as disease characteristics.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of archived genetic data from 26 patients diagnosed with pediatric MDS at our institution between 2015 and 2021, examining the association between different genetic characteristics and clinical manifestations as well as prognosis. Additionally, We presented three cases with distinct genetic background and outcomes as examples to elaborate the role of genetic factors in pediatric MDS with different prognoses.

Results

Genetic variations were detected in 13 out of the 26 patients, including 8 patients with co-occurrence of somatic and germline mutations (CSGMs) and 5 patients with somatic mutations alone. Our analysis revealed that advanced MDS (4/8, 50% vs. 1/5, 20% and 4/11, 36.4%), PD (3/8, 37.5% vs. 1/5, 20% and 1/11 9.1%), and TD (6/8, 75% vs. 2/5, 40% and 2/11, 18.2%) were more common in patients with CSGMs than those with somatic mutations alone or without any mutations. We also found out in our study that 8 patients with CSGMs had evidently different clinical outcomes, and we presented 3 of them as examples for elaboration. Case 1 with germline and somatic mutations of unknown significance had a relatively slow disease course and a good prognosis. Case 2 with compound heterozygous germline SBDS variants and somatic mutations like del20q had a stable disease course and a reversed outcome. Case 3 with a germline GATA2 variant and somatic mutations including − 7 had a rapidly progressive disease course and a worst prognosis.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that genetic background of pediatric MDS is closely linked with disease characteristics as well as outcomes and that CSGMs may lead to disease progression. It should be emphasized that the interaction between certain germline variants and somatic mutations, such as SBDS and del20q, may result in hematopoietic stem cell adaptation (improved hematopoiesis) and reversed clinical outcomes, which can facilitate the development of targeted therapy.