bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Tumor Biology to Predict Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using Expanded Selection Criteria
Authors: Bhangui Prashant , Saigal Sanjiv , Gautam Dheeraj , Piplani Tarun , Choudhary Narendra , Chaudhary Rohan , Yadav Sanjay , Thiagarajan S. , Rastogi Amit , Saraf Neeraj , Nundy Samiran , Soin A.S.
Published: November 2020

Conventional selection criteria for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are based on tumour size/number only, and do not consider vital surrogates of tumor biology such as alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG PET) avidity. We analyzed survival outcomes, and predictors of HCC recurrence in 405 patients with cirrhosis and HCC (HCC‐cirr) who underwent living donor LT (LDLT) using our expanded selection criteria: no extrahepatic disease or major vascular invasion, irrespective of tumor size/number. Fifty‐one percent patients had tumours beyond Milan, and 43% beyond the University of California San Francisco [UCSF] criteria. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were 64% and 70%, respectively. Three preoperatively available factors predicted recurrence: pre‐LT AFP ≥100 ng/mL (P = 0.005; hazard ratio [HR], 2.190), tumor burden beyond the UCSF criteria (P = 0.001; HR, 2.640), and [18F]FDG PET avidity (P = 0.004; HR, 2.442). A prognostic model based on the number and combination of the aforementioned preoperative risk factors was developed using a competing‐risk RFS model. Three risk groups were identified: low (none or a single risk factor present, 9.3% recurrence), moderate (AFP ≥100 ng/mL and [18F]FDG PET avidity, or beyond UCSF tumor and [18F]FDG PET avidity, 25% recurrence), and high (AFP ≥100 ng/mL and beyond UCSF, or presence of all 3 risk factors, 46% recurrence). Acceptable long‐term outcomes were achieved using our expanded selection criteria. Our prognostic model to predict recurrence based on preoperative biological and morphological factors could guide pretransplant management (downstaging versus upfront LDLT) with the aim of reducing post‐LDLT recurrence.
Targeting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Enoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Using Computational Tools for Identification of Potential Inhibitor and their Biological Activity
Authors: Kuldeep Jitendra , Sharma Sandeep K. , Sharma Tanuj , Singh Bhupendra N. , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran
Published: November 2020

Enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) of type II fatty acid synthase system is involved in the synthesis of mycolic acids which is a major component of the bacterial cell wall. Since they are the key enzymes playing a very significant role in the FASII pathway of the bacterium. In this study, we have developed a workflow for identification of InhA inhibitors by utilizing in silico virtual screening approaches based on various machine learning algorithms followed by pharmacophore based virtual screening. The hits screened from the models were further subjected to molecular docking. Further, based on the XP docking score best twenty compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics study. Finally, nine compounds were shortlisted on the basis of best stable ligand RMSD, c‐alpha RMSD, and RMSF plot for biological evaluation studies. Experimental validation of the shortlisted compounds identified one compound JFD01724 having potent inhibitory activity and was able to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further medicinal chemistry efforts may help to improve the inhibitory potency of the identified compound.
Compact microstrip bandpass filters using triple‐mode resonator with lumped elements
Authors: Chang Wei‐Chung , Tu Wen‐Hua
Published: November 2020

Compact microstrip bandpass filters using triple‐mode resonator are investigated in this paper. At the center frequency of 2.45 GHz, a half‐wavelength microstrip open‐circuited resonator is loaded with a chip capacitor and a chip inductor to realize the triple‐mode resonator. By adjusting the resonator's parameters, the first three resonant mode frequencies could be tuned for bandpass filters with various fractional bandwidths. Three bandpass filters with different measured bandwidths (13.8%, 55.5%, 98.6%) are designed, fabricated, and tested to validate the design concept.
Combining T2 measurements and crusher gradients into a single ASL sequence for comparison of the measurement of water transport across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Petitclerc Léonie , Schmid Sophie , Hirschler Lydiane , van Osch Matthias J. P.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Arterial spin labeling can be used to assess the transition time of water molecules across the blood–brain barrier when combined with sequence modules, which allow a separation of intravascular from tissue signal. The bipolar gradient technique measures the intravascular fraction by removing flowing spins. The T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) technique modulates the TE to differentiate between intravascular and extravascular spins based on T2. These modules were combined into a single time‐encoded pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling sequence to compare their mechanisms of action as well as their assessment of water transition across the blood–brain barrier.

Methods

This protocol was acquired on a scanner with 9 healthy volunteers who provided written, informed consent. The sequence consisted of a Hadamard‐encoded pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling module, followed by the TRUST module (effective TEs of 0, 40, and 80 ms) and bipolar flow‐crushing gradients (2, 4, and ∞ cm/s). An additional experiment was performed with TRUST and a 3D gradient and spin‐echo readout.

Results

Gradients imperfectly canceled the intravascular signal, as evidenced by the presence of residual signal in the arteries at early postlabeling delays as well as the underestimation of the intravascular fraction as compared with the TRUST method. The TRUST module allowed us to detect the transport of water deeper into the vascular tree through changes in T2 than the used crusher gradients could, with their limited b‐value.

Conclusion

Of the implemented techniques, TRUST allowed us to follow intravascular signal deeper into the vascular tree than the approach with (relatively weak) crusher gradients when quantifying the transport time of water across the blood–brain barrier.
An inverse procedure for identification of loads applied to a fractured component using a meshfree method
Authors: Liaghat Farshad , Khosravifard Amir , Hematiyan Mohammad Rahim , Rabczuk Timon
Published: November 2020

An efficient iterative inverse procedure is proposed for the identification of the distribution of loads that has led to a specific crack propagation path in a fractured component. This procedure determines the load applied to a part of the boundary based on the captured crack propagation path. The aim of this work, which is the first time to be presented, is important from the perspective of failure analysis, especially in the cases where it is not possible to directly measure the applied loading conditions. The inverse analysis requires the direct fracture mechanics problem to be solved for various boundary loading conditions. For each of the forward problems the meshfree radial point interpolation method, which is augmented with the background decomposition method for evaluation of domain integrals is employed. Using meshfree methods makes it possible to deal with the numerous direct problems, which appear in the formulation of the inverse problem, easily, accurately, and efficiently. The inverse problem of identification of the load distribution is formulated as an optimization problem. For solving the global minimization problem, a stochastic optimization method is used, in which the damped Gauss–Newton method is utilized as the local search algorithm. Through two example problems it is shown that the presented approach can be used effectively for the load identification of a component which has fractured along a specific path.
An Illustrative Case of Combination Cabozantinib/Nivolumab for Progressive Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC)
Authors: Kao Chester , George Daniel J. , Zhang Tian
Published: November 2020

We report a case using combination cabozantinib plus nivolumab to salvage disease control in a patient with refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The patient had previously experienced disease progression from high-dose interleukin-2, sunitinib, pazopanib, cabozantinib, and nivolumab, all given sequentially. Combination cabozantinib plus nivolumab resulted in 22 months of disease control. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors including cabozantinib have immunomodulatory effects when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, with multiple ongoing phase III trials exploring the cabozantinib plus nivolumab combination in the first-line setting. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of progression on nivolumab and cabozantinib when given as sequential monotherapies but stable disease on combination cabozantinib plus nivolumab.
No increase in psychosocial stress of Dutch children with cancer and their caregivers during the first months of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: van Gorp Marloes , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Teunissen Layla C. , van de Peppel – van der Meer Wietske , Huussen Maaike , Schouten‐van Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. , Grootenhuis Martha A.
Published: November 2020

We studied the psychosocial impact of the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Dutch children with cancer in outpatient care and their caregivers (n = 799) using regular monitoring and screening outcomes. No differences were observed between the pre‐COVID‐19 and early‐COVID‐19 periods in health‐related quality of life and fatigue of children. Fewer caregivers were distressed during the COVID‐19 period than pre‐COVID‐19. In conclusion, the additional stress of COVID‐19 did not deteriorate psychosocial functioning of children with cancer and their caregivers. Results may be explained by alleviating daily life changes, experience in coping with medical traumatic stress, and appropriate care and support.
Melt fracture and wall slip of thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Ghahramani Nikoo , Zhang Shiling , A. Iyer Krishnan , Doufas Antonios K. , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G.
Published: November 2020

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are blends of polypropylene (PP) (thermoplastic phase) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber (rubber phase) in which a high content of rubber EPDM is cross‐linked and dispersed in a thermoplastic matrix (PP) in the presence of oil (lubricant) and filler. Depending on the molecular characteristics of the constituent polymers, the level of curing and the amount of cross‐linked rubber, their processing (extrusion) exhibits various difficulties such as melt fracture (extrudate distortions). In this study, a number of different TPVs with various characteristics, including the degree of curing and amount of cross‐linked rubber are examined in capillary extrusion at two different temperatures (190°C and 205°C) relevant to real processing. First, the effect of the temperature on the yield stress is investigated using rheological measurements. Consequently, the flow behavior of the TPVs in capillary flow is studied concluding that TPVs slip massively (nearly plug flow) due to the presence of lubricant and the vulcanized rubber phase. Although there is little slip observed in PP samples, EPDMs themselves exhibit severe slip and melt fracture. As a consequence, the TPV samples essentially follow the slip behavior of EPDMs. Finally, the melt fracture analysis of several TPVs has shown that with increase of temperature and amount of cross‐linked rubber, the severity of TPVs' surface defects increases accordingly.
Are granulins copper sequestering proteins?
Authors: Bhopatkar Anukool A. , Rangachari Vijayaraghavan
Published: November 2020

Granulins (GRN 1‐7) are short (~6 kDa), cysteine‐rich proteins that are generated upon the proteolytic processing of progranulin (PGRN). These peptides, along with their precursor, have been implicated in multiple pathophysiological roles, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Previously we showed that GRN‐3 and GRN‐5 are fully disordered in the reduced form implicating redox sensitive attributes to the proteins. Redox‐based modulations are often carried out by metalloproteins in mitigating oxidative stress and maintaining metal‐homeostasis within cells. To probe whether GRNs play a role in metal sequestration, we tested the metal binding propensity of the reduced forms of GRNs −3 and − 5 under neutral and acidic pH mimicking cytosolic and lysosomal conditions, respectively. We found, at neutral pH, both GRNs selectively bind Cu and no other divalent metal cations, with a greater specificity for Cu(I). Binding of Cu did not result in a disorder‐to‐order structural transition but partly triggered the multimerization of GRNs via uncoordinated cystines at both pH conditions. Overall, the results indicate that GRNs −3 and − 5 have surprisingly strong affinity for Cu in the pM range, comparable to other known copper sequestering proteins. The results also hint at a potential of GRNs to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), a process that has significance in mitigating Cu‐induced ROS cytotoxicity in cells. Together, this report uncovers metal‐coordinating property of GRNs for the first time, which may have profound significance in their structure and pathophysiological functions.
Kinetics and degradation mechanism of atmospheric isoprene (2‐methyl‐1, 3‐butadiene (C5H8)) with chlorine radical and its derivatives—A theoretical study
Authors: Subramani Mohanapriya , Rajamani Akilan , Shankar Ramasamy
Published: November 2020

Isoprene (2‐methyl‐1, 3‐butadiene (C5H8)) is one of the most prominent and abundant non‐methane hydrocarbon existing in the lower level of the troposphere. In this work, possible reaction mechanism of chlorine (Cl) radical initiated isoprene and its subsequent reactions are investigated using quantum chemical methods at M06‐2X/CCSD(T)/6‐311+G* level of theory. The calculated thermodynamic result shows that the reaction of isoprene with the Cl radical at the terminal CC bond position plays an important role to predict the end products. The calculated rate coefficient for the reaction between isoprene and Cl radicals (Cl addition at C1, C3, C4 and C5 positions) is found to be 4.89 × 10−11, 6.91 × 10−10, 1.63 × 10−10 and 8.12 × 10−10 cm3/molecule/s at 298 K. The branching ratio and atmospheric lifetime have been calculated from the reaction rate coefficient values of isoprene + Cl. The reaction force analysis predicts Cl radical addition at the terminal CC bond position plays a dominant role by structural rearrangement. The kinetic and thermodynamic results reveal that the electrophilic addition of Cl radical to the terminal carbon atom plays the dominant role in the marine boundary. Further, the subsequent reaction of Cl‐isoprene adduct radical helps for the development of ozone layer during daytime.
Ultrathin Single‐Crystalline 2D Perovskite Photoconductor for High‐Performance Narrowband and Wide Linear Dynamic Range Photodetection
Authors: Tu Yudi , Xu Yan , Li Junzi , Hao Qiaoyan , Liu Xiaosong , Qi Dianyu , Bao Chunxiong , He Tingchao , Gao Feng , Zhang Wenjing
Published: November 2020

For next‐generation Internet‐of‐Everything applications, for example, artificial‐neural‐network image sensors, artificial retina, visible light communication, on‐chip light interconnection, and flexible devices, etc., high‐performance microscale photodetectors are in urgent demands. 2D material (2DM) photodetectors have been researched and demonstrated impressive performances. However, they have not met the demands in filterless narrowband photoresponse, wide linear dynamic range (LDR), ultralow dark current, and large on/off ratio, which are key performances for these applications. 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (2D‐RPPs) are recently highlighted photovoltaic and optoelectronic materials. Embedding ultrathin 2D‐RPPs into 2DM photodetectors holds potentials to improve these performances. Herein, a single‐crystalline ultrathin (PEA)2PbI4 is integrated into a vertical‐stacked graphene‐(PEA)2PbI4‐graphene micro photoconductor (V‐PEPI‐PC). V‐PEPI‐PC exhibits narrowband photoresponses at 517 nm with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of 15 nm and a wide LDR of 122 dB. Due to the multiple quantum wells in (PEA)2PbI4, V‐PEPI‐PC demonstrates an ultralow dark current of 1.1 × 10−14 A (44 pA mm−2), a high specific detectivity of 1.2 × 1013 Jones, and a high on/off ratio of 1.6 × 106. Owing to the short vertical channel, V‐PEPI‐PC shows a fast response rise time of 486 µs. Therefore, the vertical‐stacked photodetectors based on hybrid 2D‐RPPs and 2DMs may have great potentials in future optoelectronics.
Efficient Water Splitting Actualized through an Electrochemistry‐Induced Hetero‐Structured Antiperovskite/(Oxy)Hydroxide Hybrid
Authors: She Sixuan , Zhu Yinlong , Tahini Hassan A. , Wu Xinhao , Guan Daqin , Chen Yu , Dai Jie , Chen Yubo , Tang Wanqi , Smith Sean C. , Wang Huanting , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2020

Exploring active, stable, and low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for water splitting technology associated with renewable energy storage in the form of hydrogen fuel. Here, a newly designed antiperovskite‐based hybrid composed of a conductive InNNi3 core and amorphous InNi(oxy)hydroxide shell is first reported as promising OER/HER bifunctional electrocatalyst. Prepared by a facile electrochemical oxidation strategy, such unique hybrid (denoted as EO‐InNNi3) exhibits excellent OER and HER activities in alkaline media, benefiting from the inherent high‐efficiency HER catalytic nature of InNNi3 antiperovskite and the promoting role of OER‐active InNi(oxy)hydroxide thin film, which is confirmed by theoretical simulations and in situ Raman studies. Moreover, an alkaline electrolyzer integrated EO‐InNNi3 as both anode and cathode delivers a low voltage of 1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2, while maintaining excellent durability. This work demonstrates the application of antiperovskite‐based materials in the field of overall water splitting and inspires insights into the development of advanced catalysts for various energy applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch‐Graft Acrylamide/1‐Vinyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone Copolymers via Central Composite Design and Using as Filtration Loss Agent in Drilling Muds
Authors: Bai Xiaodong , Zhang Xuepeng , Xu Yuqian , Yong Xuemei
Published: November 2020

A graft copolymer is synthesized with graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) grafting onto sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) via central composite design (CCD). The initiation system consists of potassium persulfate (KPS) and sodium hydrogen sulfite (SBS). The copolymer is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric experiment, and elemental analysis. The rheological performance, filtration loss, cake thickness, and cake fictional coefficient of the drilling mud containing copolymer are evaluated. The results show that copolymers have ability to thicken and reduce filtration volume and have no obvious influence on the thickness and fictional coefficient of the mud cake. Response surface methodology (RSM) is exerted for variable evaluation and optimization. The results indicate that initiator concentration is the main contributing factor to decrease filtration volume and the optimum results are 1.5 wt% (initiator concentration), 1.82 (mole ratio of monomer to starch [AGU]), 66.02 °C (reaction temperature), 3.87 h (reaction time). The predicted value and the actual experimental value are 8.64 and 9 mL respectively with an error of 4.01%. The small error indicates that there is a small deviation between the actual and the predicted values, which also shows that the model is reasonable.
Interagency Relations and the EU Migration Crisis: Strengthening of Law Enforcement Through Agencification?
Authors: Loschi Chiara , Slominski Peter
Published: November 2020

While scholarly literature on Frontex has mushroomed over the last decade, agency’s interaction with other EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) agencies has received less attention. It is the objective of this paper to analyse how the crisis has shaped the horizontal interactions between EU JHA agencies and ask whether these relations have either enhanced the law enforcement focus of EU JHA or, conversely, strengthened a human rights-promoting EU as a ‘Union of Values’. Empirically, the chapter assesses the relations of Frontex with other JHA-related agencies such as the European Asylum Support Office or the Fundamental Rights Agency before and after the 2015 migration crisis. We argue that despite an increased human rights sensitivity, the migration crisis has not substantially changed the border management approach of Frontex but rather consolidated law enforcement profile of interagency cooperation and led only to minor improvements of fundamental rights.
STEPPS (System Training of Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving) in einer vernetzten ambulanten Hilfe für Menschen mit Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Rahn Ewald
Published: November 2020

STEPPS ist ein evidenzbasiertes Fertigkeitentraining für Menschen mit einer Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung, das sich vor allem für eine langfristige ambulante Begleitung eignet. STEPPS ist ein Gruppenprogramm und dient als Ergänzung zu bereits bestehenden Hilfeformen, weil eine optimale Nutzung der vorhandenen Hilfen ein Ziel des Trainings ist. Das Programm umfasst eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Erkrankung, die Vermittlung von Fertigkeiten zum Umgang mit Emotionen und ein Verhaltenstraining zum Transfer der vermittelten Fertigkeiten. Das soziale Netz der Betroffenen wird einbezogen und eine nachhaltige Partizipation angestrebt. Damit dient das Programm auch der indizierten Prävention der ausgeprägten psychosozialen und gesundheitlichen Risiken der Erkrankung. Das Programm ist besonders für vernetzte Versorgungssysteme geeignet.
An Embodied Artistic Inquiry into Attachment-Oriented Therapeutic Relationships
Authors: Mamis Emma K.
Published: November 2020

In this study, I utilized an embodied artistic inquiry self-study to explore my experience of attachment in the therapeutic movement relationships (TMR) created as a dance/movement therapy intern at a psychiatric residential treatment center for children. The research was guided by three questions: How do I experience the TMR with children in a psychiatric residential treatment setting using attachment theory? How is my personal attachment style influencing and guiding the therapeutic relationship? How does my identification of salient moments relate to my own attachment style and aesthetic preference? Data were collected using journal entries that reflected on the researcher’s experience of attachment, saliency, and Tortora’s D.A.N.C.E. qualities of attachment (Clin Soc Work J 38(1):37–50, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-009-0254-9, 2010). I analyzed the data using discussion and Authentic Movement with a research consultant in order to synthesize and describe the experience of each salient moment. Repeated movements included grounded and unstable walking, changing of levels, core-distal movements, circling and carving arms, and recuperation. The themes that resulted from repeated movements and discussion with the research consultant include foundational movements, holding discomfort, connection to a specific client, and playfulness. These results reinforced the importance of stability and self-awareness for a therapist especially in relationship to how their movement and nonverbal preferences may have been learned from attachment relationships. Furthermore, results show the impact of saliency and the clinician’s aesthetic preference. In addition, the results reflected the strong relationship among nonverbal qualities of attachment and the TMR. These results suggested that qualities of attachment underlie the effectiveness of the TMR. Although limitations of the study prevented me from drawing correlative conclusions, the therapist may be able to strengthen the therapeutic relationship by targeting primary attachment models, and suggestions for further research are included.
Predictive role of HER2-status on the effectiveness of endocrine adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Schiza Aglaia , Mauri Davide , Fredriksson Irma , Anna-Karin Wennstig  , Valachis Antonios
Published: November 2020

Purpose

There are conflicting results on the potential role of HER2-status on the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and tamoxifen (TAM) in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this population-based cohort study was to investigate the potential benefit of AIs compared to TAM as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal BC patients by HER2-status in the era of modern therapy with HER2-blockade.

Methods

A population-based cohort study was performed including all postmenopausal women diagnosed with HR-positive BC without distant metastasis between 2007 and 2012 in three healthcare regions in Sweden. We analyzed the breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in two distinct cohorts (HER2-negative, HER2-positive) based on the type of endocrine therapy (ET) used. A propensity score matching was performed separately in the HER2-negative and HER2-positive cohorts, respectively.

Results

After propensity score matching, 4368 patients with HER2-negative and 214 patients with HER2-positive BC were available for analysis. In the HER2-negative cohort, an improved BCSS [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34–0.77, p value < 0.001] and a trend toward improved OS (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.41–1.08, p value = 0.093) in favor of AI-based therapy was observed. In the HER2-positive cohort, no statistically significant difference between AI-based ET and TAM was found in terms of either BCSS or OS, although the direction of HR was similar as in the HER2-negative cohort (HR for BCSS: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.14–5.04, p = 0.849; HR for OS: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.10–3.38, p = 0.345).

Conclusion

Our study results, based on propensity-matched cohorts, did not support any predictive value of HER2-status on endocrine therapy in postmenopausal BC patients. AI-based ET remains the treatment of choice for postmenopausal BC patients with HR-positive disease in the modern era of HER2-directed therapy irrespective of HER2-status.
Myocardial contractility recovery following acute pressure unloading after transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) in patients with severe aortic stenosis and different left ventricular geometry: a multilayer longitudinal strain echocardiographicanalysis
Authors: Cimino Sara , Monosilio Sara , Luongo Federico , Neccia Matteo , Birtolo Lucia Ilaria , Salvi Nicolò , Filomena Domenico , Mancone Massimo , Fedele Francesco , Agati Luciano , Maestrini Viviana
Published: November 2020

Aim of the present study was to describe the left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) in all myocardial layers in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in different LV geometry and to compare LS analysis before and early after acute LV unloading provided by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). 68 patients were enrolled. LS was measured from the endocardial layer (Endo-LS), epicardial layer (Epi-LS) and full thickness of myocardium (Transmural-LS) before and after TAVI. Patients were divided in two groups accordingly with relative wall thickness (RWT): concentric LV hypertrophy (cLVH) vs eccentric LV hypertrophy (eLVH). Less impaired values of LS at baseline were observed, in all layers, in patients with cLVHas compared to patients with eLVH (Endo-LS was − 13.2 ± 2 vs − 11.1±3 %, p = 0.041; Epi-LS was − 11.8 ± 1.8 vs − 9.9 ± 3 %, p = 0.043; Transmural-LS was − 12.3 ± 1.8 vs − 10.49 ± 3.3 %, p = 0.02, respectively). A significant improvement in endocardial LS (Endo-LS) after TAVI was detected only in cLVH(− 13 ± 2 vs − 14 ± 2, p = 0.011). Our findings documented that concentric LVH had better basal strain function and showed a better myocardial recovery after TAVI compared to eLVH.
Sovereignty, privacy, and ethics in blockchain-based identity management systems
Authors: Ishmaev Georgy
Published: November 2020

Self-sovereign identity (SSI) solutions implemented on the basis of blockchain technology are seen as alternatives to existing digital identification systems, or even as a foundation of standards for the new global infrastructures for identity management systems. It is argued that ‘self-sovereignty' in this context can be understood as the concept of individual control over identity relevant private data, capacity to choose where such data is stored, and the ability to provide it to those who need to validate it. It is also argued that while it might be appealing to operationalise the concept of ‘self-sovereignty’ in a narrow technical sense, depreciation of moral semantics obscures key challenges and long-term repercussions. Closer attention to the normative substance of the ‘sovereignty’ concept helps to highlight a range of ethical issues pertaining to the changing nature of human identity in the context of ubiquitous private data collection.
Putting learning back into learning analytics: actions for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners
Authors: Ifenthaler Dirk , Gibson David , Prasse Doreen , Shimada Atsushi , Yamada Masanori
Published: November 2020

This paper is based on (a) a literature review focussing on the impact of learning analytics on supporting learning and teaching, (b) a Delphi study involving international expert discussion on current opportunities and challenges of learning analytics as well as (c) outlining a research agenda for closing identified research gaps. Issues and challenges facing educators linked to learning analytics and current research gaps were organised into four themes, the further development of which by the expert panel, led to six strategy and action areas. The four themes are 1. development of data literacy in all stakeholders, 2. updating of guiding principles and policies of educational data, 3. standards needed for ethical practices with data quality assurance, and 4. flexible user-centred design for a variety of users of analytics, starting with learners and ensuring that learners and learning is not harmed. The strategies and actions are outcomes of the expert panel discussion and are offered as provocations to organise and focus the researcher, policymaker and practitioner dialogs needed to make progress in the field.
A deep learning network for estimation of seismic local slopes
Authors: Huang Wei-Lin , Gao Fei , Liao Jian-Ping , Chuai Xiao-Yu
Published: November 2020

The local slopes contain rich information of the reflection geometry, which can be used to facilitate many subsequent procedures such as seismic velocities picking, normal move out correction, time-domain imaging and structural interpretation. Generally the slope estimation is achieved by manually picking or scanning the seismic profile along various slopes. We present here a deep learning-based technique to automatically estimate the local slope map from the seismic data. In the presented technique, three convolution layers are used to extract structural features in a local window and three fully connected layers serve as a classifier to predict the slope of the central point of the local window based on the extracted features. The deep learning network is trained using only synthetic seismic data, it can however accurately estimate local slopes within real seismic data. We examine its feasibility using simulated and real-seismic data. The estimated local slope maps demonstrate the successful performance of the synthetically-trained network.
User preferences for privacy features in digital assistants
Authors: Ebbers Frank , Zibuschka Jan , Zimmermann Christian , Hinz Oliver
Published: November 2020

Digital assistants (DA) perform routine tasks for users by interacting with the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and digital services. To do so, such assistants rely heavily on personal data, e.g. to provide personalized responses. This leads to privacy concerns for users and makes privacy features an important component of digital assistants.

This study examines user preferences for three attributes of the design of privacy features in digital assistants, namely (1) the amount of information on personal data that is shown to the user, (2) explainability of the DA’s decision, and (3) the degree of gamification of the user interface (UI). In addition, it estimates users’ willingness to pay (WTP) for different versions of privacy features.

The results for the full sample show that users prefer to understand the rationale behind the DA’s decisions based on the personal information involved, while being given information about the potential impacts of disclosing specific data. Further, the results indicate that users prefer to interact with the DA’s privacy features in a serious game. For this product, users are willing to pay €21.39 per month. In general, a playful design of privacy features is strongly preferred, as users are willing to pay 23.8% more compared to an option without any gamified elements. A detailed analysis identifies two customer clusters “Best Agers” and “DA Advocates”, which differ mainly in their average age and willingness to pay. Further, “DA Advocates” are mainly male and more privacy sensitive, whereas “Best Agers” show a higher affinity for a playful design of privacy features.
Effectiveness of endoscopic vacuum therapy as rescue treatment in refractory leaks after gastro-esophageal surgery
Authors: De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Mengardo Valentina , Tomba Francesco , Veltri Alessandro , Sacco Michele , Giacopuzzi Simone , Weindelmayer Jacopo , de Manzoni Giovanni
Published: November 2020

The treatment of leak after esophageal and gastric surgery is a major challenge. Over the last few years, endoscopic vacuum therapy (E-VAC) has gained popularity in the management of this life-threatening complication. We reported our initial experience on E-VAC therapy as rescue treatment in refractory anastomotic leak and perforation after gastro-esophageal surgery. From September 2017 to December 2019, a total of 8 E-VAC therapies were placed as secondary treatment in 7 patients. Six for anastomotic leak (3 cervical, 1 thoracic, 2 abdominal) and 1 for perforation of the gastric conduit. In 6 cases, E-VAC was placed intracavitary; while in the remaining 2, the sponge was positioned intraluminal (one patient was treated with both approaches). A total of 60 sponges were used in the whole cohort. The median number of sponge insertions was 10 (range: 5–14) with a median treatment duration of 41 days (range: 19–49). A complete healing was achieved in 4 intracavitary (67%) and in 1 intraluminal (50%) E-VAC. We observed only one E-VAC-related complication: a bleeding successfully managed endoscopically. E-VAC therapy seems to be a safe and effective tool in the management of leaks and perforations after upper GI surgery, although with longer healing time when it is used as secondary treatment.
The diversity of molecular mechanisms of carbonate biomineralization by bacteria
Authors: Görgen Sigrid , Benzerara Karim , Skouri-Panet Fériel , Gugger Muriel , Chauvat Franck , Cassier-Chauvat Corinne
Published: November 2020

Although biomineralization of CaCO3is widespread in Bacteria and Archaea, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain less known than those used by Eukaryotes. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for a broad diversity of studies including those (i) aiming at assessing the role of bacteria in the geochemical cycles of Ca and C, (ii) investigating the process of fossilization, and (iii) engineering applications using bacterially mediated CaCO3mineralization. Different types of bacterially-mediated mineralization modes have been distinguished depending on whether they are influenced (by extracellular organic molecules), induced (by metabolic activity) or controlled (by specific genes). In the first two types, mineralization is usually extracellular, while it is intracellular for the two ascertained cases of controlled bacterial mineralization. In this review, we list a large number of cases illustrating the three different modes of bacterially-mediated CaCO3mineralization. Overall, this shows the broad diversity of metabolic pathways, organic molecules and thereby microorganisms that can biomineralize CaCO3. Providing an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved and a good knowledge of the molecular drivers of carbonatogenesis, the increasing number of (meta)-omics studies may help in the future to estimate the significance of bacterially mediated CaCO3mineralization.
Fundamentals of Geophysics
Authors: Lowrie William , Fichtner Andreas
Published: November 2020

This enduringly popular undergraduate textbook has been thoroughly reworked and updated, and now comprises twelve chapters covering the same breadth of topics as earlier editions, but in a substantially modernized fashion to facilitate classroom teaching. Covering both theoretical and applied aspects of geophysics, clear explanations of the physical principles are blended with step-by-step derivations of the key equations and over 400 explanatory figures to explain the internal structure and properties of the planet, including its petroleum and mineral resources. New topics include the latest data acquisition technologies, such as satellite geophysics, planetary landers, ocean bottom seismometers, and fibre optic methods, as well as recent research developments in ambient noise interferometry, seismic hazard analysis, rheology, and numerical modelling - all illustrated with examples from the scientific literature. Student-friendly features include separate text boxes with auxiliary explanations and advanced topics of interest; reading lists of foundational, alternative, or more detailed resources; end-of-chapter review questions and an increased number of quantitative exercises. Completely new to this edition is the addition of computational exercises in Python, designed to help students acquire important programming skills and develop a more profound understanding of geophysics.
Leading the Future of Technology
Authors: LaForgia Rebecca
Published: November 2020

There is presently a view that accessible technologies offer an inclusive and humanistic expression of technology. They do. But that is not all. Accessible technologies offer more than this: they contain within them lessons on transformational leadership. Through examining six case studies the reader will begin to interpret these accessible technologies as expressions of leadership. The risk inherent in the current view is that to view accessible technologies only as examples of humanism, or the good, is to risk underselling them. In fact, accessible technologies (which are being created across international society) represent a powerful leadership approach to technology itself. Through their leadership, these accessible technologies demand and create new and original thinking by society. The reader will benefit from this Element by learning to identify transformational leadership within accessible technological creations and consequently gaining a capacity to apply this leadership to the very purposes of technology itself.
Numerical methods for nonlocal and fractional models
Authors: D’Elia Marta , Du Qiang , Glusa Christian , Gunzburger Max , Tian Xiaochuan , Zhou Zhi
Published: November 2020

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are used with huge success to model phenomena across all scientific and engineering disciplines. However, across an equally wide swath, there exist situations in which PDEs fail to adequately model observed phenomena, or are not the best available model for that purpose. On the other hand, in many situations,nonlocal modelsthat account for interaction occurring at a distance have been shown to more faithfully and effectively model observed phenomena that involve possible singularities and other anomalies. In this article we consider a generic nonlocal model, beginning with a short review of its definition, the properties of its solution, its mathematical analysis and of specific concrete examples. We then provide extensive discussions about numerical methods, including finite element, finite difference and spectral methods, for determining approximate solutions of the nonlocal models considered. In that discussion, we pay particular attention to a special class of nonlocal models that are the most widely studied in the literature, namely those involving fractional derivatives. The article ends with brief considerations of several modelling and algorithmic extensions, which serve to show the wide applicability of nonlocal modelling.
Computing quantum dynamics in the semiclassical regime
Authors: Lasser Caroline , Lubich Christian
Published: November 2020

The semiclassically scaled time-dependent multi-particle Schrödinger equation describes, inter alia, quantum dynamics of nuclei in a molecule. It poses the combined computational challenges of high oscillations and high dimensions. This paper reviews and studies numerical approaches that are robust to the small semiclassical parameter. We present and analyse variationally evolving Gaussian wave packets, Hagedorn’s semiclassical wave packets, continuous superpositions of both thawed and frozen Gaussians, and Wigner function approaches to the direct computation of expectation values of observables. Making good use of classical mechanics is essential for all these approaches. The arising aspects of time integration and high-dimensional quadrature are also discussed.
Using Spiritual Intelligence as a Framework to Link Electroacoustic Music and Spirituality
Authors: Frykberg Susan
Published: November 2020

There are a number of electroacoustic (EA) composers who draw on spiritual or religious material for their work. However, for some the word ‘spiritual’ is problematic, being too vague or broad, and the word ‘religious’ too narrow. To refine the word ‘spiritual’ therefore, in a way that might be acceptable also to those who are religious, I employ the contemporary concept of spiritual intelligence (SI) as a proposed framework for linking a discourse of spirituality with electroacoustic music. In addition to postulating SI as a way of framing the word ‘spirituality’, I identify three different ways in which EA composers draw on spiritual or religious material: some use existing sacred texts or methods; some approach sound itself to explore the nature of reality; finally, there are those who are drawn to ancient ways of understanding where spirit and material worlds are not separated; for example, in the West, the Pythagorean tradition.
Treatment strategies for breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Bailleux Caroline , Eberst Lauriane , Bachelot Thomas
Published: November 2020

Brain metastases from breast cancer (BCBM) constitute the second most common cause of brain metastasis (BM), and the incidence of these frequently lethal lesions is currently increasing, following better systemic treatment. Patients with ER-negative and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (BC) are the most likely to develop BM, but if this diagnosis remains associated with a worse prognosis, long survival is now common for patients with HER2-positive BC. BCBM represents a therapeutic challenge that needs a coordinated treatment strategy along international guidelines. Surgery has always to be considered when feasible. It is now well established that stereotaxic radiosurgery allows for equivalent control and less-cognitive toxicities than whole-brain radiation therapy, which should be delayed as much as possible. Medical treatment for BCBM is currently a rapidly evolving field. It has been shown that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is often impaired in macroscopic BM, and several chemotherapy regimens, antibody–drug conjugates and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors have been shown to be active on BCBM and can be part of the global treatment strategy. This paper provides an overview of the therapeutic option for BCBM that is currently available and outlines potential new approaches for tackling these deadly secondary tumours.
The COVID-19 pandemic and impact on breast cancer diagnoses: what happened in England in the first half of 2020
Authors: Gathani Toral , Clayton Gill , MacInnes Emma , Horgan Kieran
Published: November 2020

Delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to the COVID-19 pandemic is a widespread source of concern, but the scale of the challenge for different tumour sites is not known. Routinely collected NHS England Cancer Waiting Time data were analysed to compare activity for breast cancer in the first 6 months of 2020 compared to the same time period in 2019. The number of referrals for suspected breast cancer was 28% lower (N = 231,765 versus N = 322,994), and the number of patients who received their first treatment for a breast cancer diagnosis was 16% lower (N = 19,965 versus N = 23,881). These data suggest that the number of breast cancers diagnosed during the first half of 2020 is not as low as initially feared, and a substantial proportion of the shortfall can be explained by the suspension of routine screening in March 2020. Further work is needed to examine in detail the impact of measures to manage the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer outcomes.
Prognostic impact of peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in advanced-stage pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and its association with the immune-related tumour microenvironment
Authors: Shirasawa Masayuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Horinouchi Hidehito , Kitano Shigehisa , Arakawa Sayaka , Matsumoto Yuji , Shinno Yuki , Okuma Yusuke , Goto Yasushi , Kanda Shintaro , Watanabe Reiko , Yamamoto Noboru , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Ohe Yuichiro , Motoi Noriko
Published: November 2020

Background

The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) patients remains unclear. Thus, we performed a retrospective study to examine the relationship between the pretreatment NLR and clinical outcome in advanced LCNEC patients and the impact of the immune-related tumour microenvironment (TME).

Methods

This retrospective study included 63 advanced LCNEC patients who had received chemotherapy. We collected clinical data and investigated the TME status (CD4, CD8, CD20 and FOXP3).

Results

The overall survival of the patients with a low NLR (<5) was significantly longer than those with a high NLR (≥5) (14.9 vs. 5.2 months; p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis identified a high NLR as a predictor of a poor prognosis (HR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.73–6.79; p < 0.001). The NLR was inversely correlated with tumoural and stromal CD8-positive tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (tumoural: r = −0.648, p = 0.005, stromal: r = −0.490, p = 0.046).

Conclusions

A high NLR was associated with a poor prognosis in advanced LCNEC patients. Our study revealed that the NLR can reflect the TME, at least in part, suggesting that the NLR plays an important role not only as a clinical outcome predictor but also as a tumour immune status indicator.