bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a 3-Month Anti-inflammatory Dietary Intervention Focusing on Watermelon on Body Habitus, Inflammation, and Metabolic Markers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wirth Michael D , Shivappa Nitin , Khan Samira , Vyas Shraddha , Beresford Lynae , Sofge Jameson , Hébert James R
Published: January 2020

An anti-inflammatory dietary intervention called the Inflammation Management Intervention (IMAGINE) was adapted to emphasize watermelon due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This pilot study (n = 23) tested the effect of a watermelon-enhanced IMAGINE intervention (n = 15) on body habitus and markers of inflammation and metabolism. This 3-month self-selection trial, consisting of weekly in-person classes and online education for 12 weeks, focused on incorporating watermelon into an already anti-inflammatory diet. Controls (n = 8) received basic health education via email and blogs. Measurements, including diet, anthropometrics, actigraphy, and a blood draw, were made at baseline and immediately postintervention. Linear regression analyses were conducted using intervention status as the main exposure. Post hoc analyses then ignored intervention assignment and grouped participants based on their change in their energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) score. There were no group-by-time interactions for any of the studied outcomes. However, some intervention participants’ diets became more proinflammatory, and several control participants’ diets became more anti-inflammatory. Those participants below the median of E-DII change (ie, more anti-inflammatory changes) showed reductions in body fat percent (–1.27% vs +0.90%, respectively, P = .01), body mass index (–0.66 vs +0.38 kg/m2, respectively, P = .06) and body weight (–0.99 vs +0.54 kg, respectively, P = .08) compared to those above the median of E-DII change. This study demonstrates that individuals who adopt a more anti-inflammatory diet containing watermelon will have improvements in body anthropometrics. Future studies should focus on increasing adherence and compliance to intervention prescriptions, exploring options to extend interventions to evaluate long-term changes, and further examining changes in inflammatory biomarkers.

Clinical Trials Registration: NCT03158740
A qualitative inquiry on religious married men’s perceptions of relationship dynamics during everyday sickness
Authors: Novak Josh R , Johnson Adam , Gast Julie , Peak Terry , Arnell Melinda
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate men’s perceptions of self-dynamics and partner dynamics during common everyday sickness. Five focus group interviews ( N = 44) were conducted, each lasting approximately 120 minutes. The data were analyzed using a generic qualitative approach which identified two larger themes and several sub-themes: sickness appraisals and appraisal communication (gender differences in symptom appraisal and minimization of own and partner’s sickness) and coping and support strategies (individual coping, one-way provision of support, and coping together). It seems acute sickness creates shared stressors for both partners but differentially impacts each based on gender and family roles.
#Dark inspiration: Eudaimonic entertainment in extremist Instagram posts
Authors: Frischlich Lena
Published: January 2020

Eudaimonic entertainment, which motivates a reflection on topics such as virtue or meaning, has many benefits, such as fostering wellbeing and inspiring prosocial behavior. Yet, it may also have a darker side when Islamic extremists use accordant elements in online propaganda. So far, this “dark inspiration” has attracted little scholarly interest. The current article fills this gap via a mixed-methods case study of an Islamic extremist influencer on Instagram. The study combined a qualitative content analysis of the account’s postings from 2016 to 2018 ( n = 301 posts), with a hierarchical cluster analysis and digital data on aggregated user response to these posts. I found four types of post, ranging from calls for conservativism to calls for violent jihad. Different eudaimonic cues were used in all four types. Likes and comments varied as a function of type, with the violence promoting posts motivating the largest number of user responses.
Black Votes Count, But Do They Matter? Symbolic Empowerment and the Jackson-Obama Mobilizing Effect on Gender and Age Cohorts
Authors: Simien Evelyn M. , Hampson Sarah Cote
Published: January 2020

Using data from the 1984–1988 National Black Election Studies as well as the 2008 and 2012 American National Election Studies, we provide a comprehensive study of African American political behavior with support for Barack Obama and Jesse Jackson serving as explanatory variables alongside other sources of variation—gender and age cohorts. Results show that African American voters who preferred Jackson and Obama in the 1984 and 2008 Democratic nominating contests were more likely to proselytize, attend a campaign rally or political meeting, donate money, and wear a campaign button. While opposition to Ronald Reagan and George Bush, church membership, involvement in Black political organizations were also linked to behavior, racial group identification (linked fate) had a less consistent effect. Both Obama’s candidacy like that of Jackson’s had an empowering effect on African American women—particularly, those of the civil rights generation—as was the case for Obama supporters of a younger cohort.
Initial Experience With the Microvascular Plug in Selective Renal Artery Embolization
Authors: Jardinet Thomas , Bonne Lawrence , Oyen Raymond , Maleux Geert
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the microvascular plug (MVP) for selective renal artery embolization.

Methods:

Retrospective review was performed on a cohort of 6 patients undergoing renal artery embolization using the MVP between July 2015 and August 2018. Patients’ demographics, indication for embolization, technical details of the embolization procedure, and clinical events were gathered from the patients’ electronic medical records.

Results:

The patients underwent selective renal artery embolization with a MVP for iatrogenic vascular injuries (n = 3), traumatic vascular injuries (n = 2), and for elective embolization of an angiomyolipoma (n = 1), in native kidneys (n = 4) or in renal allografts (n = 2). Immediate occlusion of the feeding artery was achieved with 1 MVP device in 4 patients. In 1 patient, a second MVP was needed, and in another patient, additional 0.018-inch microcoils were used to completely occlude the injured artery. Technical success was achieved in all patients. The volume of the resulting renal infarction was estimated less than 5% of the renal volume. No other procedure-related complications occurred.

Conclusion:

The MVP is a safe and effective device allowing superselective renal artery embolization. Therefore, we recommend the MVP as a valuable embolic in superselective renal artery embolization. Additionally, a single device is sufficient in most cases, potentially reducing the cost, duration, and radiation exposure of the procedure.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism Following Surgery for Hip Fracture in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Goh En Lin , Gurung Pratha Kumari , Ma Shaocheng , Pilpel Timothy , Dale James Henderson , Kannan Angela , Anand Sambandam
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) without increasing the risk of hemorrhage in elective lower limb orthopedic surgery. However, the role of DOACs in preventing VTE following hip fracture surgery in the older adults remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DOACs in older adults undergoing surgery for hip fracture.

Materials and methods:

Single-center, retrospective, population-based cohort study of patients receiving either a DOAC or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for VTE prophylaxis following hip fracture surgery. Data obtained included patient demographics, comorbidities, fracture classification, time to surgery, procedure performed, and length of stay. Main outcomes assessed were incidence of VTE, incidence of major hemorrhage, and death within 30 days of surgery.

Results:

A total of 321 patients were included. Incidence of VTE was 0% in the DOAC group and 3.4% in the LMWH group (risk ratio [RR]:0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-4.34, P = .35). Hemorrhage occurred in 7.4% and 3.0% of patients in the DOAC and LMWH groups, respectively (RR: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.77-7.91, P = .13). Mortality from VTE was 0% in the DOAC group and 0.7% in the LMWH group (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.05-20.02, P = .99). Mortality from hemorrhage was 1.9% in the DOAC group and 0.7% in the LMWH group (RR: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.23-26.78, P = .46).

Discussion:

The use of DOACs for VTE prophylaxis following surgery in older adults with hip fracture was associated with a similar rate of VTE compared to LMWH. However, there was a worrying trend toward an increased risk of hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

In the present study of a carefully selected cohort of patients, the effect of DOACs in reducing the risk of VTE following surgery for hip fracture in the older adults was comparable to LMWH. However, a trend toward increased risk of hemorrhage was noted. Larger prospective studies will be required to identify patients who will benefit the most from treatment.
A Longitudinal Analysis of espnW: Almost 10 Years of Challenging Hegemonic Masculinity
Authors: Wolter Sarah
Published: January 2020

As the primary multiplatform business of ESPN, Inc., espnW claims to engage and inspire women through sports with inside access to female athletes, sports leagues, important events, and trends in sports ‘life/style’ through content on digital, television, radio, in films, at events, on educational platforms, and in social media. The purpose of this analysis is to present longitudinal data on 1,881 photographs and 1,966 articles from the espnW website for four time periods in the first 8 years of espnW’s existence to show how espnW shapes the media narrative of female athletes. espnW consistently presents female athletes as serious competitors.
Factors Affecting Virological Outcome When First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Is Reintroduced After Unplanned Interruption
Authors: Maria Suzy , Yunihastuti Evy , Saldi Siti Rizny F. , Djoerban Zubairi
Published: January 2020

There is no guideline concerning choice of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected patients after unplanned interruption. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients reintroduced to first-line ART after having unplanned interruption for at least 1 month. Viral load was evaluated at 6 to 18 months after the reintroduction. There were 100 patients included in our study, and 55 of them achieved virological success. History of single interruption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.51%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-16.68, P = .003) and CD4 count ≥200 cell/mm3 at the time of reintroduction (aOR 4.33, 95% CI 1.14-16.39, P = .031) increased likelihood to achieve virological success.
Does Feedback to Physicians of a Patient-Reported Readiness for Discharge Checklist Improve Discharge?
Authors: Harrison James D , Boscardin W John , Maselli Judith , Auerbach Andrew D
Published: January 2020

Limited data exist describing how hospital discharge readiness checklists might be incorporated into care. To evaluate how assessing patient readiness for discharge effects discharge outcomes. We assessed hospitalized adults’ readiness for discharge daily using a checklist. In the first feedback period, readiness data were given to patients, compared to the second feedback period, where data were given to patients and physicians. In the first feedback period, 163 patients completed 296 checklists, and in the second feedback period, 179 patients completed 371 checklists. In the first feedback period, 889 discharge barriers were identified, and 1154 in the second feedback period ( P = .27). We found no association between the mean number of discharge barriers by hospital day and whether data were provided to physicians ( P = .39). Eighty-nine physicians completed our survey, with 76 (85%) recalling receiving checklist data. Twenty-three (30%) of these thought the data helpful, and 45 (59%) stated it “never” or “rarely” highlighted anything new. Patients continued to report discharge barriers even when physicians received patient-reported data about key discharge transition domains.
Pilomatrix Carcinoma in a Patient With Type 1 Myotonic Dystrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Zhu Sarah L. , Choi David , Santos Jenny , Jackson Bernard S. , McRae Matthew
Published: January 2020

This is the first report of pilomatrix carcinoma in a man with C282Y myotonic dystrophy type 1. This pilomatrix carcinoma had originally presented as a rapidly growing recurrence of a histopathologically confirmed pilomatrixoma, removed a year prior. On examination, the fungating mass had measured 10 × 23 cm. A wide local resection with removal of suspicious lymph nodes was preformed, and the resulting defect was reconstructed with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and skin graft. Histologic investigation of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma. This is the first reported case of pilomatrix carcinoma in a patient with a genetic condition that often presents with scalp pilomatrixomas. Potential implications of myotonic dystrophy on developing pilomatrix carcinoma are discussed.
Midazolam: an essential palliative care drug
Authors: Prommer Eric
Published: January 2020

Midazolam is a commonly used benzodiazepine in palliative care and is considered one of the four essential drugs needed for the promotion of quality care in dying patients. Acting on the benzodiazepine receptor, it promotes the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Gamma-aminobutyric acid action promotes sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. Midazolam has a faster onset and shorter duration of action than other benzodiazepines such as diazepam and lorazepam lending itself to greater flexibility in dosing than other benzodiazepines. The kidneys excrete midazolam and its active metabolite. Metabolism occurs in the liver by the P450 system. This article examines the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical uses of midazolam in palliative care.
Prognostic characteristics and body mass index in patients with pulmonary embolism: does size matter?
Authors: Beenen Ludo F.M. , Scheres Luuk J.J. , Stoker Jaap , Middeldorp Saskia
Published: January 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of body mass index (BMI) on prognostic indicators and clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism.

Methods

Patients with pulmonary embolism from the Hokusai venous thromboembolism (VTE) randomised clinical trial that compared two anticoagulant regimens were followed-up for 1 year (n=1911). Patients were analysed with regard to World Health Organization (WHO) BMI categories at baseline (underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5 to <25), overweight (25 to <30), obese I (30 to <35), obese II (35 to <40), and obese III (≥40)). Clinical and radiological prognostic characteristics for right ventricular dysfunction and adverse events were assessed with normal weight as a reference. Clinical outcomes were mortality, recurrent VTE, hospitalisation, bleeding and overall adverse events.

Results

The relationship between BMI categories and both prognostic parameters and clinical outcomes showed U-shaped curves. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were highest in patients who were grade III obese for both clinical parameters (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) >600 and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI)≥1; 2.9 and 1.6), and radiological parameters (pulmonary trunk>29 mm, right-to-left-ventricular ratio>1.0, and central emboli; aOR=4.3, 2.1 and 2.3). Bleeding was observed more frequently in the higher categories of obesity. In patients who were underweight, for NT-proBNP>600 and sPESI≥1 the aORs were 2.6 and 2.5, respectively; however, no major bleeding occurred in this category.

Conclusion

Several clinical and radiological prognostics characteristics and right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism are not evenly distributed among BMI categories. This is reflected in a trend towards worse outcomes in patients who are overweight and underweight.
A plasmonic thermal sensing based portable device for lateral flow assay detection and quantification
Authors: Qu Zhuo , Wang Kan , Alfranca Gabriel , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Cui Daxiang
Published: January 2020

Point-of-care testing (POCT) is widely used for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a successfully commercial tool for POCT. However, LFA often suffers from a lack of quantification and analytical sensitivity. To solve these drawbacks, we have previously developed a thermal LFA using plasmonic gold nanoparticles for thermal contrast into a portable device. Although this methodology significantly improves the analytical sensitivity compared with conventional visual detection, quantification problems are still remaining. In this study, we optimized the operating conditions for the device using conduction and radiation thermal sensing modes allowing the quantification of LFA. The limit of detection of the strips merely containing nanoparticles was decreased by 5-fold (conduction mode) and 12-fold (radiation mode) compared to traditional visual detection. The effect of the ambient temperature was studied for both methods of detection showing that the radiation mode was more affected by the ambient temperature than the conduction mode. To validate the thermal sensing method, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) biomarker was quantified using our LFA strips, obtaining a detection limit of 2.8 mIU/mL when using the radiation method of detection.
Eagle syndrome masquerading as a chicken bone
Authors: Cohn Jason E. , Othman Sammy , Sajadi-Ernazarova Karima
Published: January 2020

This is a brief report of a 17-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with odynophagia and a foreign body sensation in the throat after choking on a chicken wing. A soft tissue neck radiograph was performed which revealed a 4.6-cm linear object in the vallecula read by the radiology department as a chicken bone. The otolaryngology team was consulted and performed a nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy which did not reveal a foreign body in the upper aerodigestive tract. On physical examination, the right tonsillar fossa was tender to palpation. Upon further review of the radiograph, the right stylohyoid ligament was noted to be elongated and calcified. Thereafter, the diagnosis of Eagle syndrome was made. This case provides an important teaching point for providers by pointing out a syndrome that can mimic other disease processes. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of providers reviewing their own films.
Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans causing vaginal discharge among pregnant women in Lebanon
Authors: Ghaddar Nahed , Anastasiadis Elie , Halimeh Rawad , Ghaddar Ali , Dhar Rita , AlFouzan Wadha , Yusef Hoda , El Chaar Mira
Published: January 2020

Background

Vaginal candidiasis is frequent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the prevalence of candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated Candida strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods

A total of 258 pregnant women with vaginal discharge at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 14 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method.

Results

Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42, 41 and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans was significantly associated only with gestational diabetes while C. krusei or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with other gestational complications. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5, 90, 87.5 and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively.

Conclusion

The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans Candida strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Candida screening as antenatal follow up is advised to minimize the risk of adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications.
Global prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the military population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baygi Fereshteh , Herttua Kimmo , Jensen Olaf Chresten , Djalalinia Shirin , Mahdavi Ghorabi Armita , Asayesh Hamid , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: January 2020

Background

Although there are numerous studies on the global prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in military personnel, the pooled prevalence of CMRFs in this population remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the estimation of the global prevalence of CMRFs in the military population.

Methods

We simultaneously searched PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and SCOPUS with using standard keywords. All papers published up to March 2018 were reviewed. Two independent reviewers assessed papers and extracted the data. Chi-square-based Q test was used to assess the heterogeneity of reported prevalence among studies. The overall prevalence of all CMRFs, including overweight, obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC), high triglyceride (TG), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertension (HTN) and high fasting blood sugar (FBS) was estimated by using the random effects meta-analysis. A total of 37 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.

Results

According the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of MetS, high LDL, high TC, high TG, low HDL and high FBS were 21% (17–25), 32% (27–36), 34% (10–57), 24% (16–31), 28% (17–38) and 9% (5–12), respectively. Moreover, global pooled prevalence of overweight, generalized obesity, abdominal obesity and HTN were estimated to be 35% (31–39), 14% (13–16), 29% (20–39) and 26 (19–34), respectively.

Conclusions

The overall prevalence of some cardio-metabolic risk factors was estimated to be higher in military personnel. Therefore, the necessary actions should be taken to reduce risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Systematic review registration number in PROSPERO

CRD42018103345
Participatory ethnobotany and conservation: a methodological case study conducted with quilombola communities in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest
Authors: Rodrigues Eliana , Cassas Fernando , Conde Bruno Esteves , da Cruz Crenilda , Barretto Eduardo Hortal Pereira , dos Santos Ginacil , Figueira Glyn Mara , Passero Luiz Felipe Domingues , dos Santos Maria Alice , Gomes Maria Angélica Silva , Matta Priscila , Yazbek Priscila , Garcia Ricardo José Francischetti , Braga Silvestre , Aragaki Sonia , Honda Sumiko , Sauini Thamara , da Fonseca-Kruel Viviane S. , Ticktin Tamara
Published: January 2020

Background

Although multiple studies advocate the advantages of participatory research approaches for ethnoscience, few provide solid contributions from case studies that involve residents in all of the project phases. We present a case study of a participatory approach whose aim is to register ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of plants in two quilombola communities (maroon communities), an important biodiversity hotspot in the Atlantic Forest, Southeast Brazil. Our aim is to provide tools that will empower decision-making related to sustainable use and management among residents.

Methods

In phase I, the objectives and activities were defined in meetings with residents to carry out ethnobotanical surveys between two quilombola communities—the Quilombo da Fazenda (QF) and Quilombo do Cambury (QC). In phase II, we offered community partners training courses on how to collect plants and ethnobotanical data. In coordination with the university team and using ethnobotanical methods, community partners interviewed specialists on plants and their uses. In phase III, using the participatory mapping method, residents indicated plot locations and collected plants to calculate the Conservation Priority Index for native species recorded in phase II.

Results

In 178 days of fieldwork, two community partners from the QF and three from the QC selected 8 and 11 respondents who reported 175 and 195 plant species, respectively, corresponding to 9 ethnobotanical categories. Based on requests from the local community, booklets and videos with these data were collaboratively produced. A large percentage of species were found to be of great conservation priority—82.1% in the QC and 62.5% in the QF. Virola bicuhyba, Cedrela fissilis, Plinia edulis, and Tabebuia cassinoides are the species most at risk and will be the focus of phase IV, when a participatory management plan will be carried out. Additionally, we present both challenges and opportunities with the hope that others can learn from our successes and failures.

Conclusions

Our experience shows that it is possible to train community members who wish to document their knowledge to support the process of ensuring that local knowledge is highly regarded, further ensuring its perpetuation. In this context, the project may be of great interest to development programs in promoting community-based management strategies for useful plants.
Intensity modulated proton therapy compared to volumetric modulated arc therapy in the irradiation of young female patients with hodgkin’s lymphoma. Assessment of risk of toxicity and secondary cancer induction
Authors: Scorsetti Marta , Cozzi Luca , Navarria Pierina , Fogliata Antonella , Rossi Alexia , Franceschini Davide , De Rose Fiorenza , Franzese Ciro , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Santoro Armando
Published: January 2020

Background

To investigate the role of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) compared to volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for advanced supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in young female patients by assessing dosimetric features and modelling the risk of treatment related complications and radiation-induced secondary malignancies.

Methods

A group of 20 cases (planned according to the involved-site approach) were retrospectively investigated in a comparative planning study. Intensity modulated proton plans (IMPT) were compared to VMAT RapidArc plans (RA). Estimates of toxicity were derived from normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) calculations with either the Lyman or the Poisson models for a number of endpoints. Estimates of the risk of secondary cancer induction were determined for lungs, breasts, esophagus and thyroid. A simple model-based selection strategy was considered as a feasibility proof for the individualized selection of patients suitable for proton therapy.

Results

IMPT and VMAT plans resulted equivalent in terms of target dose distributions, both were capable to ensure high coverage and homogeneity. In terms of conformality, IMPT resulted ~ 10% better than RA plans. Concerning organs at risk, IMPT data presented a systematic improvement (highly significant) over RA for all organs, particularly in the dose range up to 20Gy. This lead to a composite average reduction of NTCP of 2.90 ± 2.24 and a reduction of 0.26 ± 0.22 in the relative risk of cardiac failures. The excess absolute risk per 10,000 patients-years of secondary cancer induction was reduced, with IMPT, of 9.1 ± 3.2, 7.2 ± 3.7 for breast and lung compared to RA. The gain in EAR for thyroid and esophagus was lower than 1. Depending on the arbitrary thresholds applied, the selection rate for proton treatment would have ranged from 5 to 75%.

Conclusion

In relation to young female patients with advanced supradiaphragmatic HL, IMPT can in general offer improved dose-volume sparing of organs at risk leading to an anticipated lower risk of early or late treatment related toxicities. This would reflect also in significantly lower risk of secondary malignancies induction compared to advanced photon based techniques. Depending on the selection thresholds and with all the limits of a non-validated and very basic model, it can be anticipated that a significant fraction of patients might be suitable for proton treatments if all the risk factors would be accounted for.
Correction to: DNMT3b/OCT4 expression confers sorafenib resistance and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through IL-6/STAT3 regulation
Authors: Lai Ssu-Chuan , Su Yu-Ting , Chi Ching-Chi , Kuo Yung-Che , Lee Kam-Fai , Wu Yu-Chih , Lan Pei-Chi , Yang Muh-Hwa , Chang Te-Sheng , Huang Yen-Hua
Published: January 2020

In the original publication of this article [1], labelling within Fig. 7a was incorrect. The updated figure is shown below, with ‘DMT1’ now corrected to read ‘DNMT1’.
Whole-body MRI within a surveillance program for carriers with clinically actionable germline TP53 variants - the Swedish constitutional TP53 study SWEP53
Authors: Omran Meis , Blomqvist Lennart , Brandberg Yvonne , Pal Niklas , Kogner Per , Ståhlbom Anne Kinhult , Tham Emma , Bajalica-Lagercrantz Svetlana
Published: January 2020

Background

The current guidelines in Sweden regarding individuals with a clinically actionable (i.e. pathogenic or likely pathogenic) germline TP53 variant recommend patients to take part of the national Swedish P53 Study (SWEP53).

Methods

The study comprises a patient registry (mandatory for all participants) and three optional parts: a biobank, a surveillance program and a psychosocial evaluation of the surveillance. All known adult eligible carriers regardless of age are offered to take part of the surveillance program offering MRI yearly of the whole-body, breast, and brain as well as breast ultrasound. A special surveillance program is offered for individuals 15–18 years old with a 50% risk of being a mutation carrier or with a verified TP53 variation, includes ultrasound of the abdomen and urine corticosteroid profiles. Clinically motivated further examinations are performed upon need. The national inclusion is performed through the six clinical genetic units in Sweden at Umeå, Uppsala, Stockholm, Gothenburg, Linköping and Lund, and the surveillance is mainly performed through the oncology clinics.

Results

To date, a total of 41 adults and 11 children have been included in the study.

Conclusions

The SWEP53 is the first structured national surveillance program including radiological and clinical routines for TP53 mutation carriers in the Scandinavian setting. The aim of this publication is to present and describe the ongoing Swedish surveillance study to encourage the initiation of similar studies and to contribute to the knowledge of adequate clinical handling of these cancer prone families.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: ISRCTN13103571, retrospectively registered on 14/10/2019.
Swiss chocolate and free beverages to increase the motivation for scientific work amongst residents: a prospective interventional study in a non-academic teaching hospital in Switzerland
Authors: Rühle Annika , Oehme Florian , Link Björn-Christian , Metzger Jürg , Fischer Henning , Stickel Michael , Delagrammaticas Dimitri E. , Babst Reto , Beeres Frank J. P.
Published: January 2020

Background

The success of a clinical trial depends on its recruitment of eligible patients; therefore, the recruitment period requires special attention. We hypothesized that with a new approach focused on continuous information and gratification, resident motivation to participate in scientific work will increase and recruitment rates will improve.

Methods

Our new recruitment approach was applied to the recruitment phase of two prospective randomized trials (registered at the German Clinical Trials Register). Randomization of these trials was performed first using blinded envelopes; later a soft drink machine was used as the delivery tool of randomization as a lighthearted motivation to join scientific work and to reward the resident with free soft drinks for each recruitment. Residents were informed about the trial via a lecture and by mail. To increase interest everyone received Swiss chocolate. With a multiple choice survey we investigated the success of our actions at 6 and 12 months. Recruitment rates of the trials were evaluated and associated with the motivational approaches.

Results

Our residents rated their awareness of the trials with median 9 (IQR 7;9) during the first and 8 (IQR 5;9) during the second survey and their interest in scientific work with median 7 (IQR 4;8) and 6 (IQR 5;8). The percentage of residents feeling highly motivated improved from 58% to 70%. The recruitment rates stayed stably high over time with 73% and 72% in trial 1 and 90% and 85% in trial 2; 24% of residents stated their motivation could be increased by gratifications.

Conclusions

After implementation of our new recruitment approach we found positively motivated residents and high recruitment rates in the corresponding trials. We propose this procedure may help to ensure the successful initiation of clinical trials. Larger studies testing this approach are warranted.
Gene copy number and function of the APL1 immune factor changed during Anopheles evolution
Authors: Mitri Christian , Bischoff Emmanuel , Eiglmeier Karin , Holm Inge , Dieme Constentin , Brito-Fravallo Emma , Raz Abbasali , Zakeri Sedigheh , Nejad Mahdokht I. K. , Djadid Navid D. , Vernick Kenneth D. , Riehle Michelle M.
Published: January 2020

Background

The recent reference genome assembly and annotation of the Asian malaria vectorAnopheles stephensidetected only one gene encoding the leucine-rich repeat immune factor APL1, while in theAnopheles gambiaeand siblingAnopheles coluzzii, APL1 factors are encoded by a family of three paralogs. The phylogeny and biological function of the unique APL1 gene inAn. stephensihave not yet been specifically examined.

Methods

The APL1 locus was manually annotated to confirm the computationally predicted single APL1 gene inAn. stephensi. APL1 evolution withinAnopheleswas explored by phylogenomic analysis. The single or paralogous APL1 genes were silenced inAn. stephensiandAn. coluzzii, respectively, followed by mosquito survival analysis, experimental infection withPlasmodiumand expression analysis.

Results

APL1 is present as a single ancestral gene in mostAnophelesincludingAn. stephensibut has expanded to three paralogs in an African lineage that includes only theAnopheles gambiaespecies complex andAnopheles christyi. Silencing of the unique APL1 copy inAn. stephensiresults in significant mosquito mortality. Elevated mortality of APL1-depletedAn. stephensiis rescued by antibiotic treatment, suggesting that pathology due to bacteria is the cause of mortality, and indicating that the unique APL1 gene is essential for host survival. SuccessfulPlasmodiumdevelopment inAn. stephensidepends upon APL1 activity for protection from high host mortality due to bacteria. In contrast, silencing of all three APL1 paralogs inAn. coluzziidoes not result in elevated mortality, either with or withoutPlasmodiuminfection. Expression of the singleAn. stephensiAPL1 gene is regulated by both the Imd and Toll immune pathways, while the two signaling pathways regulate different APL1 paralogs in the expanded APL1 locus.

Conclusions

APL1 underwent loss and gain of functions concomitant with expansion from a single ancestral gene to three paralogs in one lineage of AfricanAnopheles. We infer that activity of the unique APL1 gene promotes longevity inAn. stephensiby conferring protection from or tolerance to an effect of bacterial pathology. The evolution of an expanded APL1 gene family could be a factor contributing to the exceptional levels of malaria transmission mediated by human-feeding members of theAn. gambiaespecies complex in Africa.
Clonorchis sinensis MF6p/HDM (CsMF6p/HDM) induces pro-inflammatory immune response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via NF-κB-dependent MAPK pathways
Authors: Kang Jung-Mi , Yoo Won Gi , Lê Hương Giang , Lee Jinyoung , Sohn Woon-Mok , Na Byoung-Kuk
Published: January 2020

Background

MF6p/host defense molecules (HDMs) are a broad family of small proteins secreted by helminth parasites. Although the physiological role of MF6p/HDMs in trematode parasites is not fully understood, their potential biological function in maintaining heme homeostasis and modulating host immune response has been proposed.

Methods

A gene encoding the MF6p/HDM ofClonorchis sinensis(CsMF6p/HDM) was cloned. Recombinant CsMF6p/HDM (rCsMF6p/HDM) was expressed inEscherichia coli. The biochemical and immunological properties of rCsMF6/HDM were analyzed. CsMF6p/HDM induced pro-inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells was analyzed by cytokine array assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The structural feature of CsMF6p/HDM was analyzed by three-dimensional modeling and molecular docking simulations.

Results

The CsMF6p/HDM shares a high level of amino acid sequence similarity with orthologs from other trematodes and is expressed in diverse developmental stages of the parasite. The rCsMF6p/HDM bound to bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), without effectively neutralizing LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Rather, the rCsMF6p/HDM induced pro-inflammatory immune response, which is characterized by the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, in RAW 264.7 cells. The rCsMF6p/HDM-induced pro-inflammatory immune response was regulated by JNK and p38 MAPKs, and was effectively down-regulatedviainhibition of NF-κB. The structural analysis of CsMF6p/HDM and the docking simulation with LPS suggested insufficient capture of LPS by CsMF6p/HDM, which suggested that rCsMF6p/HDM could not effectively neutralize LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells.

Conclusions

Although rCsMF6p/HDM binds to LPS, the binding affinity may not be sufficient to maintain a stable complex of rCsMF6p/HDM and LPS. Moreover, the rCsMF6p/HDM-induced pro-inflammatory response is characterized by the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The pro-inflammatory response induced by rCsMF6p/HDM is mediatedviaNF-κB-dependent MAPK signaling pathway. These results collectively suggest that CsMF6p/HDM mediatesC. sinensis-induced inflammation cascades that eventually lead to hepatobiliary diseases.
Comparison of acridine orange fluorescent microscopy and gram stain light microscopy for the rapid detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Sharma Supriya , Acharya Jyoti , Banjara Megha Raj , Ghimire Prakash , Singh Anjana
Published: January 2020

Objective

Bacterial meningitis is a life threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Currently, Gram stain is widely used for the microscopic detection of bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In Nepal, fluorescent microscopes have been installed in laboratories as a part of the National tuberculosis control program. However, information on the utility of the acridine orange (AO) stain for the direct detection of bacteria in CSF samples in Nepal is not available. Therefore, this study aims to compare Gram stain and AO stain for the rapid detection of bacterial pathogens in CSF of clinically suspected meningitis cases in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Results

Bacterial pathogens were detected in 9.30% (36/387) by either of the three tests, 9.04% (35/387) by AO stain, 8.27% (32/387) by culture and 6.46% (25/387) by Gram’s stain. Considering culture as a gold standard, the sensitivity of AO stain was higher than Gram stain. The specificity of AO stain was 98.87%. Detection and differentiation of the bacteria was much clear in AO staining than Gram staining. AO is a better alternative to Gram stain in the rapid detection of bacterial pathogens in CSF in the setting where fluorescent microscope is available.
Improving dysarthric speech recognition using empirical mode decomposition and convolutional neural network
Authors: Sidi Yakoub Mohammed , Selouani Sid-ahmed , Zaidi Brahim-Fares , Bouchair Asma
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we use empirical mode decomposition and Hurst-based mode selection (EMDH) along with deep learning architecture using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to improve the recognition of dysarthric speech. The EMDH speech enhancement technique is used as a preprocessing step to improve the quality of dysarthric speech. Then, the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are extracted from the speech processed by EMDH to be used as input features to a CNN-based recognizer. The effectiveness of the proposed EMDH-CNN approach is demonstrated by the results obtained on the Nemours corpus of dysarthric speech. Compared to baseline systems that use Hidden Markov with Gaussian Mixture Models (HMM-GMMs) and a CNN without an enhancement module, the EMDH-CNN system increases the overall accuracy by 20.72% and 9.95%, respectively, using ak-fold cross-validation experimental setup.
The informative value and design of orthodontic practice websites in The Netherlands
Authors: Oey Cesar Guy , Livas Christos
Published: January 2020

Background

The aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the regulatory compliance of Dutch practice websites offering orthodontic services, readability of the available treatment information, website design as well as possible relationship with practice location and professional qualification of practitioners.

Methods

A comprehensive Internet search was performed using the Google search engine and five relevant terms in Dutch. Eligibility screening of the first 50 results of each search led to the final inclusion of 111 websites. The content of the selected websites was evaluated in terms of compliance to international regulations on ethical advertising guidelines (CED), treatment information text readability using Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and website design using the BDC assessment tool.

Results

Reporting of websites according to CED guidelines covered on average 85% of the mandatory items. No significant differences were observed between dental and orthodontic practices, and between practices located in densely and sparsely populated regions (P > 0.05). The mean FRES of the displayed information indicated difficult-to-understand text. BDC scores of multi-location practices were significantly higher than the rest (P < 0.006).

Conclusions

The websites of orthodontic practices in The Netherlands do not fully comply with CED guidelines on ethical advertising. Readability of the displayed information and website technical performance needs to be further optimized.
Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: An Egyptian study
Authors: Abo El-Atta Hend M.H. , Abdel-Rahman Rania Hamed , El-Hawary Galal , Abo El-Al-Atta Heba M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Human identification is of a paramount forensic concern. It includes sex determination which becomes extremely complex and tricky especially in fragmentary remains.

Purpose of the study

We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of ten dimensions of foramen magnum (FM) and occipital condyles in determination of sex among 367 subjects (204 females and 163 males), their ages ranged between 18-75 years. Multislice Computed Tomography images of skulls of the studied patients were obtained from the Radiology Department. Ten different anatomical variables of the FM were measured by two independent experienced radiologists blinded to the study.

Results

FM dimensions are unique and show significant sexual dimorphism in the studied Egyptian population especially with application of discriminant function analysis. These landmarks include foramen magnum length and width (FML, FMW), FM index, FM area, length of the right and left occipital condyles (LROC, LLOC), width of the right occipital condyle (WROC), maximum bicondylar distance (MBD) and minimum intercondylar distance (MnICD). LROC and FMW are highly significant discriminating variables predicting sex.

Conclusions

It is concluded that all the studied FM parameters showed significant differences between males and females except the left occipital condylar width with higher male values when compared to females. Additionally, the right occipital condylar length and FM width are highly significant discriminating variables which are strongly beneficial in prediction of sex. FM dimensions would provide a reliable additional tool for identification of sex among adult population and could be specific for Egyptians in case of fragmentary remains or damaged skulls.
Endovascular recanalization of common carotid artery Total occlusion: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Hsu Jung-Chi , Tsai Han-Lin
Published: January 2020

Background

Common carotid artery total occlusion is rare but can be associated with a variety of neurological symptoms due to inadequate cerebral perfusion. The treatment includes bypass surgery, endarterectomy, and endovascular revascularization.

Case presentation

Herein, we report two cases of common carotid artery total occlusion treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and review the literature.

Conclusion

Both of our cases were successfully treated with endovascular revascularization for common carotid artery total stenosis. Endovascular therapy provided an alternative treatment. Further large clinical study for comparing the safety and efficiency in surgical and endovascular treatment may be required.

Level of evidence

Level 4, Case Series.
Gene action of yield and yield contributing traits of submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh
Authors: Ganapati Ratan Kumar , Rasul Md Golam , Sarker Umakanta , Singha Ashutus , Faruquee Muhiuddin
Published: January 2020

Background

Trait selection for rice production under submergence stress and its effective investigation are important for sustainable improvement. Gene action is a principle, measures allelic interactions for traits that express the nature of phenotypic behavior, and leads to perfect selection of traits.

Aim

This study was aimed to measure the allelic interactions of genes responsible for different quantitative traits which have strong association with yield of submergence tolerant rice.

Results

In this study, generation mean analysis has been performed for yield-contributing traits and found that plant height, no. of primary branches panicle−1, no. of secondary branches panicle−1, no. of filled grain panicle−1, no. of grain panicle−1and dominant effects for yield hill−1, yield tiller−1, and 1000 grain weight have association to yield, governed by additive gene effect. In respect of epistatic effect, duplicate epistasis was predominant for all the traits except panicle length. From a heritability view, plant height, no. of primary branches panicle−1, and no. of grain panicle−1showed high heritability and plant height, panicle length, no. of filled grain panicle−1, and 1000 seed weight which found high genetic advance.

Conclusion

It could be concluded that days to heading is an important trait that needs to be investigated in every generation and days to maturity and panicle length that needs to be selected in early segregating generation.