bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi WhatsApp Mobile Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Pokok Bahasan Pengenalan Komponen Elektronika
Authors: Pratama Hendrik , Yusro Andista Candra
Published: July 2017

Permasalahan yang muncul dalam penelitian ini yakni kurangnya optimalisasi peran media sosial  berbasis android smartphone khususnya WhatsApp Messenger dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar. Peran media sosial lebih banyak digunakan sebagai komunikasi secara online, seperti chatting, pemberitahuan kabar, undangan, hiburan, dan promosi bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Whatsapp Mobile Learning sebagai upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar pada pokok  bahasan Konsep Dasar Elektronika. Penelitian yang akan dilakukan  menggunakan  metode  penelitian  tindakan  kelas  (PTK). Tahapan  penelitian  yang  dilakukan  meliputi  tahap  perencanaan,  pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 21 mahasiswa SMT gasal tahun akademik 2015/2016 Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Elektro IKIP PGRI Madiun. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil dokumentasi, observasi, wawancara, dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa implementasi whatsapp sebagai mobile learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada pokok bahasan pengenalan komponen elektronika. Pada siklus I, pertemuan I ketercapaian pembelajaran sebesar 45% dan meningkat pada pertemuan II menjadi 60%. Pada siklus II, ketercapaian pembelajaran juga meningkat pada pertemuan III menjadi 75% dan pertemuan IV sebesar 82%. Dalam hal ini I capaian peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa melebihi indikator kinerja yaitu 80% sehingga pembelajaran dikatakan berhasil.
Dampak Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Mikro Berorientasi Pada Penguasaan Materi Terhadap Kualitas Mengajar Mahasiswa PPL
Authors: Handhika Jeffry
Published: July 2017

Pelaksanaan pembelajaran mikro berdampak pada kualitas pelaksanaan PPL di sekolah mitra. Model pembelajaran mikro perlu mempertimbangkan penguasaan materi mahasiswa dalam pelaksanaannya. Pada tahun 2012, mahasiswa diberikan kebebasan untuk memilih materi yang dikuasainya, sehingga secara tidak langsung penekanan terhadap penguasaan materi berkurang dan berdampak pada nilai rata-rata pemilihan materi ajar pada kegiatan PPL (2.75 untuk penilai guru dan 2.76 untuk penilai dosen) dan penguasaan materi pembelajaran (2,63 untuk penilai guru, dan 2,72 untuk penilai dosen) rendah dibandingkan dengan indiaktor lainnya. Pengajaran mikro yang berorientasi materi juga tidak membantu peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran mikro. Peningkatan kualitas matakuliah prasyarat pembelajaran mikro merupakan rekomendasi yang tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini.

 
PENGARUH METODE KOOPERATIF JIGSAW TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPS PADA SISWA KELAS III
Authors: Sari Maya Kartika
Published: July 2017

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of cooperative learning of jigsaw method in social studies on student achievement of class III SD Pakualaman Bantul and SD Gandok Islamiyah in 2014/2015 school year. This research design uses quantitative research methods. Collecting data in this study uses the test method. The used test methods in this research are the pre-test and post-test given to the experimental group and the control group. While the data analysis is a statistical method t test (t-test).

 The results of data analysis t test (t-test) obtained value = 3.34. At the significance level (α) = 0.05 and with db = 38 obtained value = 1.6859. So that is 3.34 ≥ 1.6859, therefore Ho is rejected H1 accepted. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect on the use of cooperative learning of jigsaw model in social studies on student achievement of class III SD Islamiyah Pakualaman at school year 2014/2015.

 

Keywords: Cooperative Model Jigsaw Type, Learning Achievement
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN STAD PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS SISWA KELAS IV MIN MANISREJO KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Rifai Moh
Published: July 2017

This research aims to improve student achievement by improving the learning process using methods that make students more active in participating on social studies and improve the quality of teachers in the subject of social studies at MIN Manisrejo. This study uses a class action research design composing of two cycles and pre-action. In each cycle has steps of planning, action, observation and reflection. Research subjects used are IVC grade students of MIN Manisrejo consisting of 28 students. Learning model used is STAD, which is in collaboration with a social studies teacher IVC grade of MIN Manisrejo. The results showed that the STAD can be used as a means to increase student achievement in describing an overview of natural disasters in social studies, namely the average total score of 47.87 in the pre-action increased to 61.87 in the first cycle which uses only media images and the second cycle which uses STAD increased 74.8. Learning at the pre-action is considered ineffective, while the first cycle that uses media images is considered effective enough. The first cycle that uses STAD is considered very effective. Based on the research results, it can be suggested that in social studies learning at IV grade of MIN Manisrejo especially in subjects describing the causes of natural disasters using STAD. In addition, the results of study can also be used as guidelines for further research.

 

Keywords: Achievement, STAD Learning
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN LOMPAT JAUH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR LOMPAT JAUH GAYA JONGKOK PADA SISWI PUTRI KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Mandalawati Titin Kuntum
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in effect learning to use tools long
jump rope and circle as high stimulation and distance gradually towards results learn
long jump squat style. This study used an experimental method. Experiment by using pre
and post test. The study consisted of two groups: tools strap (A) and the group as a circle
high stimulation (B). This study population is third grade Elementary School 1 Panggung
Barat Magetan 2015. The average results of the study group pretest tools strap (A)
amounted to 84.1 and group as circle high stimulation 82.4 (B), initial conditions showed
two groups with similar capabilities. The average post test group tools strap (A)
amounted to 156.8 and the group as a circle high stimulation 151.4 (B). Based on the
results obtained the following conclusions there is a significant difference between the
long jump learning using 2 tools and circle as high stimulation and distance gradually
towards learning outcomes long jump squat style on third grade Elementary School 1
Panggung Barat Magetan 2012/2013. By p (0.034 < 0.05). Long jump teaching methods
using tools ropes with better results.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DISERTAI FISHBONE DIAGRAM (FD) UNTUK MEMBERDAYAKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGANALISIS
Authors: Prasasti Pinkan Amita Tri
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a problem based learning
model accompanied with Fishbone Diagram to empower the ability to analyse. This study
was a quasi-experimental study. The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The
population of the study was all students of grade X of Public Senior High School 2
Karanganyar in the academic year of 2013/2014. Sample was taken using cluster random
sampling technique with a sample of 36 students. The instrument used was questionnaire,
observation sheets, interviews, and tests. The ability to analyze data was tested with the
Wilcoxon test and calculated by Ngain. The results showed the effectiveness of PBL module
accompanied with FD, in which it had been successful in increasing the ability to analyse
with a value of Ngainof 0.71 and the result was significance at p = 0.000, making the
ability belong to “high” category. Based on the results of research and hypothesis
testing, it can be concluded that PBL model with FD was effective in empowering the
ability to analyseof the tenth graders of.
PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI DAN KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP IPA
Authors: MARLINA DIYAN
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research is to determine the influense of self-concept and discipline in learning, either directly or indirectly on mastery of concepts of natural science. The research method used was a survey, with a sample size of 75 students, drawn by simple random sampling technique from primary school in the area of South Jakarta. Data collection used a questionnaires that have been validated and the data values from  the results of the written test students. Data analisys used path analisy, with the first test of normality, linearity test and multikolinearity test. The implications of this study were obtained, namely : that there is a direct influence on the discipline of self-concept study is r12 = 0,617 and P21= 0,617, there is a direct influence on concept mastery learning discipline of natural science is r12 = 0,407 and P21= 0,306, self-concept does not directly influence mastery of concepts of natural science is r13 = 0,352 and P31= 0,163.

 

 
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN DOMINO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V PADA PELAJARAN IPS DI SDN KEMUNING KECAMATAN SAMBIT KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Hastuti Dian Nur Antika Eky
Published: July 2017

In the learning at school teachers play an important role to create an environment learned that can stimulate students with a maximum development. This study use sthe design of Classroom Action Research is done in two cycles. Data collection techniques used were observation with the observation sheet instruments that equipped with assessment guide lines and photographs as documentation, while the techniques of data analysis performed quantitative descriptive. The results of this study showed an increase in the quality of social learning. Comparison cognitive skills of students at the pre-cycle only 38%, whereas at the end of first cycle have 68,75%, and at the end second cycle there were 93,75%. While comparison interest learn students at the pre-cycle is 32,25%, first cycle is 82% and at the end second cycle there were 93,75%.

 
PENERAPAN METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN MEDIA GAMBAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA CERITA
Authors: WARAULIA ASRI MUSANDI
Published: July 2017

This is qualitative description research about implementation of Problem Based Learning method and image media in learning Indonesian with reading material story. The purpose of this study, are: 1) describe the application of learning model Problem Based Learning and media images in reading story; 2) describe the involvement of the student, and 3) describe the ability to read stories fifth grade students of SDN Sambirejo 3. The subjects of this research were students and teachers Indonesian class V SDN Sambirejo 3 2015/2016 school year. Data collected through observation, interview, test, and document analysis. The validity of the data used two techniques, the triangulation of methods and triangulation of data sources. Comparative critical analysis technique is a technique of data analysis in this study. Application method of Problem Based Learning and Media Images in reading stories had some problems. These obstacles include: (1) the teacher has not been accustomed to in the application of methods, (2) the students still were not fully explore the capabilities of learning, and (3) time management was  less appropriate. From learning activities that have been carried out, there was an excess obtained among other things, teachers were able to use the media images properly and the students also enjoyed using the learning with media images, as well as student activity developed well in the classroom. The final value of learning is as below the average value of 77.2 with the percentage of completeness 85% or 17 students. Based on the finding of research, it can be concluded that the implementation of Problem Based Learning method and the use of media images can make students active in learning and reading skills increased

 
PENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKN KELAS V MELALUI MODEL ACTIVE LEARNING (TIPE ROLE REVERSAL QUESTION) SDN 4 DOPLANG KECAMATAN JATI KABUPATEN BLORA
Authors: Murti Ambar Susilo
Published: July 2017

Constitution No. 20 of 2003, concerning Citizenship Education (PKN) is a compulsory subject for primary education, secondary, and compulsory subjects for higher education. The purpose of this study is to improve learning outcomes Civics using Active Learning Model Type Question Role Reversal in Class V SDN 4 Doplang Jati district of  Blora. This research was a class action (classroom action research). The stages as follows: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation and (4) reflection. The result of research indicating that students who received grades ≥70 the first cycle increased by 25%  from the initial 44% to 69%. Then students who scored ≥70 on the second cycle increased 28% to 97%. The average value of the first cycle increased by 8.75% from 66.53 into 75.28 early in the first cycle and then the second cycle of the average value increased again by 10.97% to 86.25. Researchers suggest teachers should encourage students to be more daring in expressing opinions, questions and ideas that are not held only in Civics alone but on other subjects. In addition, teachers are expected to use active learning model of the type of role reversal question in improving student learning outcomes in other subjects. As for the school is expected to provide training to teachers on implementing learning activities are innovative and creative.
 Keywords: active learning, civic education, learning outcomes.
KEEFEKTIFAN PENGGUNAAN MODEL MID (Meaningful instruksional Design) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERITA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS 5 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Dayu Dian Permatasari Kusuma
Published: July 2017

The learning process that takes place in the form of learning involves two parties between teachers and students that aims to improve student learning outcomes. In learning language there are four skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among the four skills, writing skills is regarded as the most difficult language skills. Writing Skills is one language skills that must be mastered by the student. Civilizing expressing ideas or students' ideas in written form can be developed through education. However, unfortunately this habituation is not taken seriously in the education system, so that the culture of writing in the student still low and there are still many students who find it difficult to carry out writing stories. Thus to overcome these difficulties using model MID (meaningfull instructional design).

Keywords: Writing Skills, Model MID, Indonesian.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ARIAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Yanto Eka Nofri Ari
Published: July 2017

Implementation of learning model arias in learning activities to build a sense of confidence or thurst in students. Learning activities are relevant to student that trying to attract and maintain students interest. Then, the evaluation and develop a sense of pride in students by providing reinforcement. Arias general learning model can improve students motivation. The problems  encountered during the study was some students confused with the implementation of learning. There were students who are not active and not all student motivated by bringing in speakers. The strengthen was the learning become fun, students become active, spirit, motivation and learning achievement increased.

Keywords: Aries Learning Models, learning Motivation, Learning Achievement.
COMUNICACIÓN INTERPRETATIVA, AMBIENTAL, CULTURAL Y ECOLOGICA
Authors: Vergara Torres Juana María del Consuelo , De Haz Cruz Ángela Yamil , Constante Vergara María José
Published: July 2017

El presente estudio se fundamenta en establecer una herramienta de comunicación que combine todos los elementos que entran dentro de un centro de interpretación ambiental, cultural y ecológico, aquí se trata de manera relevante el ámbito interpretativo combinados en primar lo artístico con lo educativo el lenguaje a veces complejo de nuestro legado cultural y natural a una forma no técnica casi coloquial y comprensible para los no entendidos en los hallazgos patrimoniales que visitan el lugar,  la metodología de gestión de diseño comunicativo es crear técnicos especialmente con un tratamiento pedagógico, adecuado al nivel educativo en que se encuentran los itinerarios.Palabras claves: interpretación, ambiental, cultural y ecológico. ABSTRACT The present study is based on establishing a communication tool that combines all the elements that fall under an environmental, cultural and ecological interpretation center, here is how relevant the interpretive scope combined in sometimes complex of our cultural and natural heritage to an almost colloquial non-technical form and language understandable for non-connoisseurs in heritage finds that visit the place first the artistic with the educational management of communicative design methodology is to create technicians especially with pedagogical treatment appropriate to the level of education in that the routes are.Keywords: interpretation, environmental, cultural and ecological.
FACTORES SOCIOECONÓMICOS Y SU REPERCUSIÓN EN EL PROCESO EDUCATIVO DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors: Tumbaco Mónica , Villón Francisco
Published: July 2017

El abandono universitario por factores socioeconómicos es un fenómeno muy común en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos, razón por la cual se viene planteando como uno de los problemas prioritarios a ser investigado y adecuadamente tratado. En ese sentido, el Instituto Internacional de la UNESCO para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe (IESALC) plantea la necesidad de realizar estudios en toda la región, que ofrezcan luz sobre los factores causales y la búsqueda de solución al problema. La Educación Superior, debe formar personas calificadas en el manejo y conocimiento de los procesos tecnológicos de los diferentes sectores productivos, supone además, acrecentar capacidades como pensar creativa y críticamente, tomar decisiones en la solución de problemas, capacidad de aprendizaje, capacidad de pensamiento práctico, capacidades de organización, creatividad, responsabilidad, liderazgo y valores para participar de manera eficiente en el desarrollo de la economía nacional.Palabras clave: economía, sociedad, proceso educativo, estudiantes, universidad.ABSTRACTThe university drop its dimensions, it is a very common phenomenon in most Latin American countries, why, has been established as one of the priority issues to be investigated and properly treated. In this regard, the UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC) proposesthe need for studies throughout the region, offering light on the causal factors and the search for solution to the problem. Higher education must be qualified in the management and knowledge of the technological processes of the different productive sectors people also supposed to increase capacities as thinking creatively and critically, make decisions in solving problems, learning ability, ability to practical thinking, organizational skills, creativity, responsibility, leadership and values to participate efficiently in the development of the national economy. Keywords: economy, society, educational process, students, university.
PERSPECTIVAS EPISTEMOLÓGICAS CURRICULARES DE LA INGENIERÍA AGROPECUARIA
Authors: Mederos Machado María Caridad , Balmaseda Espinosa Carlos Eloy , Balmaseda Mederos Marilin
Published: July 2017

En América Latina, los ingenieros agropecuarios egresan y en su mayoría se vinculan a áreas productivas, que se encuentran en territorios rurales, y por lo general constituyen las zonas más vulnerables a la injusticia social, la inequidad y mayor arraigo de prejuicios que se defienden en nombre de las culturas. Estas situaciones de la profesión y de la sociedad, unidas a las grandes problemáticas del mundo agropecuario, donde emerge una nueva ruralidad, demandan una formación profesional diferente, donde los problemas contemporáneos aparezcan con fundamento académico y de igual modo se desarrollen los dispositivos del conocimiento, que resulten suficientes para integrar el quehacer profesional, así como las competencias generales y específicas de la carrera en la formación de un ser humano enriquecido en sus valores y con un alto grado de profesionalidad.Palabras claves: epistemología, currículo, ingeniería agropecuaria ABSTRACTIn Latin America, agricultural engineers graduate and most of them are linked to productive areas, which are located in rural territories, and are usually the areas most vulnerable to social injustice, inequity and greater rooting of prejudices that are defended in Name of cultures. These situations of the profession and of society, together with the great problems of the agricultural world, where a new rurality emerges, demand a different professional formation, where the contemporary problems appear with academic foundation and also the devices of the knowledge, That are sufficient to integrate the professional work, as well as the general and specific competences of the career in the formation of a human being enriched in its values and with a high degree of professionalism.Keywords: epistemology, curriculum, agricultural engineering
Nerve transfer versus muscle transfer to restore elbow flexion after pan–brachial plexus injury: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wali Arvin R. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Brown Justin M. , Mandeville Ross
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

Pan–brachial plexus injury (PBPI), involving C5–T1, disproportionately affects young males, causing lifelong disability and decreased quality of life. The restoration of elbow flexion remains a surgical priority for these patients. Within the first 6 months of injury, transfer of spinal accessory nerve (SAN) fascicles via a sural nerve graft or intercostal nerve (ICN) fascicles to the musculocutaneous nerve can restore elbow flexion. Beyond 1 year, free-functioning muscle transplantation (FFMT) of the gracilis muscle can be used to restore elbow flexion. The authors present the first cost-effectiveness model to directly compare the different treatment strategies available to a patient with PBPI. This model assesses the quality of life impact, surgical costs, and possible income recovered through restoration of elbow flexion.

METHODS

A Markov model was constructed to simulate a 25-year-old man with PBPI without signs of recovery 4.5 months after injury. The management options available to the patient were SAN transfer, ICN transfer, delayed FFMT, or no treatment. Probabilities of surgical success rates, quality of life measurements, and disability were derived from the published literature. Cost-effectiveness was defined using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) defined by the ratio between costs of a treatment strategy and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. A strategy was considered cost-effective if it yielded an ICER less than a willingness-to-pay of $50,000/QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was performed to address parameter uncertainty.

RESULTS

The base case model demonstrated a lifetime QALYs of 22.45 in the SAN group, 22.0 in the ICN group, 22.3 in the FFMT group, and 21.3 in the no-treatment group. The lifetime costs of income lost through disability and interventional/rehabilitation costs were $683,400 in the SAN group, $727,400 in the ICN group, $704,900 in the FFMT group, and $783,700 in the no-treatment group. Each of the interventional modalities was able to dramatically improve quality of life and decrease lifelong costs. A Monte Carlo PSA demonstrated that at a willingness-to-pay of $50,000/QALY gained, SAN transfer dominated in 88.5% of iterations, FFMT dominated in 7.5% of iterations, ICN dominated in 3.5% of iterations, and no treatment dominated in 0.5% of iterations.

CONCLUSIONS

This model demonstrates that nerve transfer surgery and muscle transplantation are cost-effective strategies in the management of PBPI. These reconstructive neurosurgical modalities can improve quality of life and lifelong earnings through decreasing disability.
A neurophysiological approach to nerve transfer to restore upper limb function in cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Mandeville Ross M. , Brown Justin M. , Sheean Geoffrey L.
Published: July 2017

A successful nerve transfer surgery can provide a wealth of benefits to a patient with cervical spinal cord injury. The process of surgical decision making ideally uses all pertinent information to produce the best functional outcome. Reliance on clinical examination and imaging studies alone can miss valuable information on the state of spinal cord health. In this regard, neurophysiological evaluation has the potential to effectively gauge the neurological status of even select pools of anterior horn cells and their axons to small nerve branches in question to determine the potential efficacy of their use in a transfer. If available preoperatively, knowledge gained from such an evaluation could significantly alter the reconstructive surgical plan and avoid poor results. The authors describe their institution’s approach to the assessment of patients with cervical spinal cord injury who are being considered for nerve transfer surgery in both the acute and chronic setting and broadly review the neurophysiological techniques used.
Resection of complex occipital arteriovenous malformation with giant varix: demonstration of microsurgical technique
Authors: Ocak Pinar Eser , Dinc Cem , Cikla Ulaş , Başkaya Mustafa K.
Published: July 2017

The complexity of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) does not necessarily preclude surgical resection. In this video the authors present a 72-year-old male who was known to have an occipital AVM with a large draining varix for the previous 10 years. The patient had progressively worsening visual and cognitive deficits over several years. Total surgical resection was achieved following single stage preoperative embolization. Although resection of the AVMs is challenging, even in experienced hands, it offers a cure and may improve patient clinical outcome.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/YI1AwGjJdvo.
Microsurgical management of a high-grade brain arteriovenous malformation in the central lobe after unsuccessful radiosurgery
Authors: de Oliveira Jean G. , Massella Carlos R. , de Holanda Carlos Vanderlei M. , Giudicissi-Filho Miguel , Borba Luis A. B.
Published: July 2017

The recommendation for the great majority of high-grade brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is observation, except for those patients with recurrent hemorrhages, progressive neurological deficits, steal-related symptoms, or AVM-related aneurysms, for whom intervention should be considered. These are general recommendations, and the decision should be made on an individual basis. Surgical resection of an AVM in the central lobe may cause postoperative sensorimotor deficits since this anatomical region includes the pre- and postcentral gyri on the lateral surface and the paracentral lobule on the medial surface.

The authors present a patient with a ruptured high-grade bAVM in the central lobe who underwent previous surgery for hematoma evacuation and previous radiosurgery, and whose indication for reoperation was proposed based on progressive hemiparesis. Microsurgical resection was possible after a wide frontoparietal craniotomy, which made all the nidus borders accessible. This case illustrates the anatomy and surgical technique for large nidus AVMs in eloquent areas, showing that complete microsurgical resection is possible with good clinical outcome.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/Cpd1PK6BLIM.
Microsurgical resection of a high-grade occipital arteriovenous malformation after staged embolization
Authors: Sun Liyong , Zhang Hongqi , Ren Jian
Published: July 2017

The authors demonstrate the case of a 16-year-old girl with a large symptomatic occipital arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The staged embolization was performed to downgrade the AVM from Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grade IV (Supplementary S-M Grade 7) to Grade III (Supplementary S-M Grade 5). The patient developed a subacute progressive visual field defect after the final time of embolization. MRI revealed an enlarged draining venous ectasia of the AVM compressing the visual cortex. Postoperatively, good radiological results were achieved, and the patient reported an improvement in her symptoms. The detailed operative technique and surgical nuances (including the surgical features of the AVM postembolization) of the marginal dissection and removal are illustrated in this video atlas.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/2MZq5patcJI.
Surgical treatment of a complex Grade III Spetzler-Martin posterior temporal arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Chiluwal Amrit , Dehdashti Amir R.
Published: July 2017

Grade III Spetzler-Martin arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a distinct subgroup of brain AVMs. Their variety in terms of location, type of venous drainage, and size makes them the most heterogenous group in the AVM classification. The surgical risk of treatment is also variable depending on the specifics of a given Grade III AVM. In this video illustration, the authors describe the technical nuances of surgical resection of a very complex Grade III left posterior temporal AVM. According to supplementary grading, the unruptured aspect and patient age give this lesion a Grade III; therefore, the combined grading gives the patient a score of 6, which puts him at moderate risk of morbidity for surgery. The indication for surgery was based on the patient’s young age, lifetime risk of hemorrhage, and the location of the AVM in the left inferior/posterior temporal gyrus.

The patient underwent 2 sessions of preoperative embolization of the posterior cerebral artery and the external carotid artery feeders prior to craniotomy. The day after the second embolization, the patient was operated on via a posterior temporobasal craniotomy. The dural supply attached to the draining vein was left intact during the dural exposure. The detail of the AVM resection is described in the video clip. A total resection was achieved, and the patient’s neurological examination was intact after the procedure.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/fj5Cxw3kpXQ.
Introduction to the supratentorial cerebral arteriovenous malformation video supplement
Authors: Starke Robert M. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: July 2017

It is with great pleasure that we present this Neurosurgical Focus video supplement on supratentorial cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We were privileged to view a remarkable number of outstanding videos demonstrating current state-of-the-art management of brain AVMs using endovascular and microsurgical modalities. Careful and critical review was required to narrow down the submitted videos to a workable volume for this supplement, which reflects the excellent work being done at multiple centers with these lesions.

This issue consists of videos that represent modern microsurgical and neuroendovascular techniques for the treatment of supratentorial cerebral AVMs. The videos demonstrate cutting-edge therapies as well as standard ones, which will be valuable to both novice and expert neurointerventionists and neurosurgeons. We are honored to be involved with this project and proud of its content and expert authors. We believe you will enjoy the video content of this supplement and hope that it will raise the collective expertise of our community of AVM surgeons.
Mechanical Ventilation and Cytopathological Changes in the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Landgraf Ana Carolina Machado , Reinheimer Angélica , Merlin Júlio Cezar , Couto Soraya de Azambuja Berti , Souza Paulo Henrique Couto
Published: July 2017

Background

The oral mucosa is an important defense barrier to penetration of microorganisms. Thus, changes in the oral epithelium might indicate risk for infection in intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Objective

To evaluate the oral mucosa of intensive care patients who did or did not receive mechanical ventilation by using liquid-base exfoliative cytology.

Methods

The sample consisted of 3 groups: 27 patients admitted to intensive care during a 7- to 14-day period who received mechanical ventilation, 29 patients admitted during the same period who did not receive mechanical ventilation, and 27 healthy patients who had no lesions in the mouth. For all 3 groups, samples were collected from the buccal mucosa by using cytology brushes. Smears were applied to glass slides before Papanicolaou staining and were codified for blind analyses by a cytopathologist. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to analyze the results.

Results

Patients receiving mechanical ventilation had higher prevalence and intensity of karyomegaly, perinuclear halos, cell keratinization, deep cells, and leukocyte infiltrates than did patients in the other 2 groups (P < .05). No significant differences were observed between the control group and the group who did not receive mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions

Liquid-base exfoliative cytology can be used to detect preclinical alterations in the oral mucosa. Patients treated with mechanical ventilation are vulnerable to infections, and oral care may be valuable in their prognosis.
Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO2 with TiO2 and SiO2 aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
Authors: Tang Mingjin , Keeble James , Telford Paul J. , Pope Francis D. , Braesicke Peter , Griffiths Paul T. , Abraham N. Luke , McGregor James , Watson I. Matt , Cox R. Anthony , Pyle John A. , Kalberer Markus
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Deliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global warming. Minerals such as TiO2 or SiO2 are among the potentially suitable aerosol materials for stratospheric particle injection due to their greater light-scattering ability than stratospheric sulfuric acid particles. However, the heterogeneous reactivity of mineral particles towards trace gases important for stratospheric chemistry largely remains unknown, precluding reliable assessment of their impacts on stratospheric ozone, which is of key environmental significance. In this work we have investigated for the first time the heterogeneous hydrolysis of ClONO2 on TiO2 and SiO2 aerosol particles at room temperature and at different relative humidities (RHs), using an aerosol flow tube. The uptake coefficient, γ(ClONO2), on TiO2 was ∼ 1.2 × 10−3 at 7 % RH and remained unchanged at 33 % RH, and increased for SiO2 from ∼ 2 × 10−4 at 7 % RH to  ∼ 5 × 10−4 at 35 % RH, reaching a value of  ∼ 6 × 10−4 at 59 % RH. We have also examined the impacts of a hypothetical TiO2 injection on stratospheric chemistry using the UKCA (United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol) chemistry–climate model, in which heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 and ClONO2 on TiO2 particles is considered. A TiO2 injection scenario with a solar-radiation scattering effect very similar to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo was constructed. It is found that, compared to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo, TiO2 injection causes less ClOx activation and less ozone destruction in the lowermost stratosphere, while reduced depletion of N2O5 and NOx in the middle stratosphere results in decreased ozone levels. Overall, no significant difference in the vertically integrated ozone abundances is found between TiO2 injection and the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Future work required to further assess the impacts of TiO2 injection on stratospheric chemistry is also discussed.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Regular Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs used in a Rural Community, Thailand
Authors: Luanghirun Pongsom , Tanaboriboon Patid , Mahissarakul Pawaris , Tongruang Chanikarn , Chaichirawiwat Chanita , Piyaraj Phunlerd , Narindrarangkura Ploypun , Lertvivatpong Nawachai
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND: In Thailand, 67.2% of the population widely uses analgesics including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which may lead to serious side effects. However, the information of regular NSAIDs used in Thailand is still limited.METHODS: A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires to determine the prevalence and factors associated with regular NSAID use. The qualitative study was conducted using group and in-depth interviews to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of NSAID users.RESULTS: Of 771 participants, the prevalence of NSAID use was 31.1 and regular NSAID use was 7.4. Age, pain at the hips or thighs and pain score were independent factors associated with regular NSAID use. The qualitative study indicated that the use of NSAIDs was influenced by drug effectiveness, sources of NSAIDs and consideration of benefits and risks of the drugs.CONCLUSION: This was the first report on the prevalence and associated factors of regular NSAID use in Thailand. In this community, nonprescribed NSAIDs might cause some serious side effects and undesirable drug interaction. Information on side effects of pain medications should be disseminated to the public including guidelines on how to use pain medications.
Implementing Resource-Stratified Guidelines in LMICs—More Issues Than Solutions
Authors: Baral Shweta
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of formulating more stable local treatment guidelines because international guidelines and even resource-stratified guidelines may not be as applicable in low- to middle-income countries.
Intermetallic Compound Layer Morphology and Distribution in Friction‐Welded Steel–Aluminum Components
Authors: Kahra Christoph , Piwek Armin , Peddinghaus Julius , Brunotte Kai , Maier Hans Jürgen , Nürnberger Florian , Herbst Sebastian
Published: October 2024

In this study, the morphology, distribution, and local thickness of the intermetallic compound layer (IMC‐layer) in friction‐welded steel‐aluminum hybrid components used for Tailored Forming applications are investigated. By friction‐welding of steel and aluminum, which is the first step in the Tailored Forming process chain, an IMC‐layer in the joining zone is formed. In this study, the influence of friction‐welding parameters, such as rotational speed, friction pressure, friction length, upsetting pressure, and upsetting time, on local IMC‐layer thickness and distribution is examined. For characterization, a detailed analysis over the whole joining surface by means of scanning electron microscopy and a thorough statistical evaluation are employed. In the results, it is indicated that lower rotational speeds (700 rpm) in the friction phase result in more uniform and thinner IMC‐layer (<0.5 μm), while higher speeds (1600 rpm) produce a thicker and more heterogeneous IMC‐ layer (up to 0.9 μm). Tensile tests show that specimens with thinner mean IMC‐layer (0.17 μm) feature a higher tensile strength (244 MPa). The morphology and distribution of the IMC‐layer over the cross section of the friction‐welded specimen have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the joint, with a uniform thin layer improving the tensile strength.
Learning From Nature: The Rational Non‐Centrosymmetric Structural Design in the Honeycomb‐Like Gaudefroyite Family
Authors: Bu Fanlu , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei
Published: October 2024

Non‐centrosymmetric (NCS) structures are of great importance for the development of symmetry‐dependent functional properties, yet their rational structural design remains a great challenge. Herein, a strategy driven by a highly promising honeycomb structure framework that draws from nature has been proposed for designing three new NCS structures, La4O4(BO3)3·ClSr3 and Sr2Y(BO3)4·XSr3 (X = Cl, Br). They exhibit excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, including strong second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) responses (2.4–5.4 × KH2PO4 (KDP)), short ultraviolet (UV) cut‐off edges (λcut‐off < 200 nm), and stable physicochemical properties, which make them promising UV NLO crystals. Furthermore, comparing their structures and properties with other compounds in the Gaudefroyite family, it has been found that they all have honeycomb‐like structures. With the continuous modification of their compositions, these structures can achieve not only structural transformation from centrosymmetric (CS) to NCS but also gradual doubling of SHG responses from Ba4(BO3)3X4·XBa3 series (≈1 × KDP) to Sr2Y(BO3)4·XSr3 series (≈2 × KDP) to La4O4(BO3)3·ClSr3 series (≈6 × KDP). Moreover, the ON–OFF of their chiral structures can be achieved through modulating a honeycomb‐like framework and their infilling as observed in La4O4(BO3)3·BrBa3 (P63mc), La4O4(BO3)3·ClSr3 (P63) and Sr2Y(BO3)4·ClSr3 (P63mc). These indicate that honeycomb is an ideal structural template for achieving the design of NCS structures.
Modulating the Hydrophilic‐Hydrophobic Microenvironment of MOF‐Stabilized Pt Nanozymes: the Role of H2O in the Peroxidase‐Like Catalyzed Reaction
Authors: Shen Bingqing , Wu Qian , Guo Yanguo , Qin Jie , Chen Hailong , Yang Ying , Liu Zhenjiang , Li Longhua , Li Weibin , Zhu Chengzhou
Published: October 2024

Hydrophilicity‐hydrophobicity modulation of active sites provides a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic performance. Current researches focus on the influence of substrate molecules, however, the role of H2O molecules is often overlooked in nanozyme‐catalyzed reactions. Herein, bioinspired Pt@ZIF‐R (R = ‐90, ‐8, ‐8@TMS, where TMS is tetraethoxysilane) nanozymes are designed as model catalysts, with Pt nanoparticles as active centers and metal organic‐framework nanocavities as hydrophilic‐hydrophobic binding pockets, revealing the critical role of H2O in the peroxidase‐like catalytic process of H2O2 decomposition. A positive correlation between catalytic activity and hydrophobicity is observed, and strong hydrophobic Pt@ZIF‐8@TMS nanozyme exhibits the best catalytic performance. Theoretical calculations indicate that as hydrophobicity increases, solvent H2O reduces the competitive adsorption with H2O2 and decreases the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step (2*O→*O2) simultaneously. In addition, the desorption of the product H2O is thermodynamically favorable with increasing hydrophobicity. Importantly, Pt@ZIF‐8@TMS nanozyme is successfully used to develop a colorimetric biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides, with a detection limit as low as 0.7 ng mL−1, which is superior to numerous existing methods. This work provides fundamental insights into the function of hydrophobicity in boosting catalytic activity, which may offer guidance for the development of efficient nanozymes.
Biocompatibility of Water‐Dispersible Pristine Graphene and Graphene Oxide Using a Close‐to‐Human Animal Model: A Pilot Study on Swine
Authors: Nicolussi Paola , Pilo Giovannantonio , Cancedda Maria Giovanna , Peng Guotao , Chau Ngoc Do Quyen , De la Cadena Alejandro , Vanna Renzo , Samad Yarjan Abdul , Ahmed Tanweer , Marcellino Jeremia , Tedde Giuseppe , Giro Linda , Ylmazer Acelya , Loi Federica , Carta Gavina , Secchi Loredana , Dei Giudici Silvia , Macciocu Simona , Polli Dario , Nishina Yuta , Ligios Ciriaco , Cerullo Giulio , Ferrari Andrea , Bianco Alberto , Fadeel Bengt , Franzoni Giulia , Delogu Lucia Gemma
Published: October 2024

Graphene‐based materials (GBMs) are of considerable interest for biomedical applications, and the pilot study on the toxicological and immunological impact of pristine graphene (GR) and graphene oxide (GO) using swine as a close‐to‐human provides valuable insights. First, ex vivo experiments are conducted on swine blood cells, then GBMs are injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into swine. Hematological and biochemical analyses at various intervals indicate that neither GO nor GR cause systemic inflammation, pro‐coagulant responses, or renal or hepatic dysfunction. Importantly, no systemic toxicity is observed. Analysis of a panel of 84 immune‐related genes shows minimal impact of GO and GR. The animals are sacrificed 21 days post‐injection, and transient absorption imaging and Raman mapping show the presence of GO and GR in the mesentery only. Histological evaluation reveals no signs of alterations in other organs. Thus, clusters of both materials are detected in the mesentery, and GO aggregates are surrounded only by macrophages with the formation of granulomas. In contrast, modest local reactions are observed around the GR clusters. Overall, these results reveal that i.p. injection of GBMs resulted in a modest local tissue reaction without systemic toxicity. This study, performed in swine, provides essential guidance for future biomedical applications of graphene.
Graphene‐Based Pressure Sensor Application in Non‐Invasive Pulse Wave Velocity Continuous Estimation
Authors: Buraioli Irene , Vitale Stefania , Valerio Andrea , Sanginario Alessandro , Leone Dario , Conoci Sabrina , Ciesielski Artur , Milan Alberto , Demarchi Danilo , Samorì Paolo
Published: October 2024

Monitoring the cardiovascular health of patients and early diagnosis of heart diseases are highly sought after as they can represent a true cornerstone in tomorrow's healthcare surveillance. Here, an unprecedented non‐invasive device prototype is reported for pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement based on a piezoelectric graphene pressure sensor. PWV is a critical health indicator that estimates arterial stiffness by measuring the velocity of arterial pulse flow through the circulatory system. The sensor incorporates advanced electronic components and data analysis tools, enabling the measurement of pulse transit time (PTT), that is the time required for the pulse wave to travel between carotid and femoral artery sites. Significantly, the outcomes obtained through the novel method, which involved monitoring 10 patients within clinical environment, show statistical similarity to results obtained using established technology for the PWV estimation such as SphygmoCor. In particular, the mean difference between measurements done with the two techniques resulted in 0.1 m s−1, that is <2%, underscoring the reliability of the novel device. The technology holds big promise for enhancing cardiovascular healthcare delivery: it is wearable, potentially exploitable by a non‐expert user, and it needs to be powered with just 0.2 V, thus it can become compatible even with applications in point‐of‐care settings.
Multi‐Layer LDPE Pouch Robots Enabled by Inkjet‐Printed Masking Layers
Authors: You Yifan , Dai Chen , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Fearing Ronald S.
Published: October 2024

Inflatable pouches are attractive as actuators and structural links in soft robots due to their low deflated profile and high deformation ratio. However, current pouch robot fabrication methods have relatively large minimum feature sizes and multi‐layer fabrication challenges, limiting the integration of mechanisms with many independent degrees of freedom (DoF). A new monolithic prototype fabrication method utilizes inkjet printing of a masking ink layer, which prevents film bonding and thus defines inflatable regions. Multi‐layer inflatable pouches of any planar geometry can be created using thermal fusing, with inter‐layer connections and a minimum feature resolution of 0.3 mm. The multi‐layer fabrication process enables the integration of pouches for bending actuation and structure, pneumatic channels, and external port connections. This high level of integration enables the fabrication of pouch robots with many independent DoFs. Specific examples using four layers of 38 micrometer thick Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) include 1) a 38 mm‐wide 4‐fingered robot hand with 8 independent DoFs which rotates a cube within its palm and 2) a 138 mm‐long planar continuum manipulator with 10 independent DoFs for pick‐and‐place of a cylinder. These example designs demonstrate the capability of ink‐patterned masking to achieve new levels of functionality for thin‐film pouch robots.