bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective Quantification of Retinal Shortening: Sonographic Evidence of Intraretinal Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Takkar Brijesh , Tripathy Koushik , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Venkatesh Pradeep , Chawla Rohan
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate retinal shortening with ultrasound (USG) in patients with retinal detachment (RD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a pilot, prospective, investigative study. Ten consecutive patients undergoing surgery for total RD with anterior or posterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) graded more than grade C1 were included. Longitudinal USG B-scan was done for all patients to calculate retinal-to-choroidal length ratio (RCR). Quadrant-based RCRs and mean RCRs were calculated. All patients were followed for a minimum period of 3 months for unexplained recurrent retinal detachment.

RESULTS:

Mean duration of RD was 14.2 months and a mean of 2.8 retinal quadrants had epiretinal PVR, subretinal PVR, or both. Mean RCR was 0.81 and was the least in superior temporal quadrant. Seven patients developed recurrent RD, five at the first weekly visit. All of these patients had an RCR of less than 0.8 in at least one quadrant, whereas none of the remaining three patients had a quadrantic RCR of less than 0.8 (
P
= .008). Mean RCR was less than 0.8 in four of seven patients with recurrent RD (
P
= .2)

CONCLUSION:

Retinal shortening can be measured objectively with USG based RCRs. Low RCR in any retinal quadrant is a serious concern deserving appropriate patient counseling.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:746–750.]
Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Nonexudative Choroidal Neovascularization With Multiple Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices: A Case Report
Authors: Lane Mark , Ferrara Daniela , Louzada Ricardo Noguera , Fujimoto James G. , Seddon Johanna M.
Published: August 2016

Nonexudative choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a new phenomenon that has only recently been described in the literature with the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. The authors present a 1-year longitudinal follow-up of a nonexudative CNV lesion secondary to age-related macular degeneration. This report describes the appearance of the lesion on two commercially available spectral-domain OCTA devices and one prototype swept-source OCTA device. Management of these cases is still debatable. Watchful waiting with regular follow-up using serial OCTA to monitor disease progression has been valuable in this case.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:778–781.]
Amartya Sen frente al espejo social de la libertad. Límites al enfoque de las capacidades individuales
Authors: Jiménez Castillo Manuel Antonio
Published: August 2016

En este trabajo se ilustran algunos aspectos relativos al enfoque de las capacidades desarrollado por el economista y filósofo Amartya Sen. Particularmente se examina cómo el concepto de libertad (“de oportunidad”) se revela imposibilitado para atenerse empírica y normativamente a la noción de libertad como capacidad. A partir de tal contradicción categorial se presentan una serie de conceptos inéditos que, vinculados al carácter más social de la libertad, permitan librarnos de tal desajuste. Las conclusiones de este trabajo van enfocadas hacia la enfatización del entorno social como estado donde, lejos de su reconocida influencia sobre las capacidades individuales, atesora elementos potencialmente capacitadores.
Territorio, innovación y desarrollo rural. El caso del territorio brasileño del Vale dos Vinhedos
Authors: Jeziorny Daniel L.
Published: August 2016

Este artículo trata el tema de la apropiación territorial de los espacios rurales en el marco de procesos de innovación. Su autor plantea la tesis de que los procesos innovadores están configurados por el avance técnico y tecnológico, pero siguen la lógica de acumulación del capital, teniendo por tanto una dimensión económico-política. Sobre la base de este argumento analiza, en primer lugar, las dinámicas de innovación que han tenido lugar en el sector vitivinícola brasileño, centrando el análisis en el territorio denominado “Vale dos Vinhedos”, situado en el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Asimismo, analiza los sistemas de gobernanza surgidos en torno a esos procesos innovadores y el modo como se gestionan las interacciones entre los diversos actores sociales, económicos e institucionales presentes en ese territorio. Finalmente, analiza cómo los capitales instalados en el “Vale dos Vinhedos”, al encontrar dificultades para avanzar en el proceso de acumulación, se trasladan a la zona de la “Campanha Gaucha”, dando un giro al proceso de innovación en el sector vitivinícola.
Lipid sources in diets for egg-laying japanese quail: performance and egg quality
Authors: Bertipaglia Letícia Abaker , Sakamoto Márcia Izumi , Bertipaglia Liandra Maria Abaker , Melo Gabriel Maurício Peruca de
Published: August 2016

This study evaluated the effect of using lipid sources of plant and animal origin in diets for Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on production performance and internal egg quality. Japanese quails (n = 160) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replications of five birds each. Lipid sources evaluated were: soybean oil, from poultry slaughterhouse, fish waste and grape seed. The characteristics of performance and internal egg quality were measured every 21 days for a total period of 84 days. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey’s test. There was no effect of treatments on the production performance of birds, except for feed intake, which was higher for birds fed grape seed oil in the diet. Lipid sources evaluated had no influence on the internal egg quality. It can be concluded that the lipid sources evaluated here in can be used as alternative energy in feed for laying quails, without affecting the performance and internal egg quality.
Aquatic microbiota diversity in the culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using bioflocs or periphyton: virulence factors and biofilm formation
Authors: Silva Jéssica Lucinda Saldanha da , Cavalcante Davi De Holanda , Carvalho Fátima Cristiane Teles de , Vieira Regine Helena Silva Dos Fernandes , Sá Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e , Sousa Oscarina Viana de
Published: August 2016

The following research isolated and identified the main bacterial groups present in the culture of juvenile Nile tilapia in the presence of bioflocs and/or periphyton. The strains were also tested for the production of exoenzymes, indicative of potential virulence factors, and ability to form biofilm. The water samples were taken from tilapia cultured in the presence of bioflocs (T1), in the presence of bioflocs and periphyton (T2), from traditional culture (T3) and from culture in the presence of periphyton (T4). In the growth and selection of the bacterial groups, pour plate method was used, along with the following media: Plate Count Agar (PCA - DIFCO), Aero Pseudo Selective Agar (GSP - Himedia) and Nutrient Agar (AN - Merck). 46 strains were isolated in the following distribution: T1 (n = 12); T2 (n = 10); T3 (n = 14) and T4 (n = 10). Among the isolates, the most frequent genera were: Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Mycobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., and Corybacterium spp. Bacterial isolates in treatments T1 and T3 tested positive for five virulence profiles each, while those isolated from T2 and T4 for two and three virulence profiles, respectively. Treatments in bioflocs and periphyton (T2) or only periphyton (T4) yielded bacteria of less pathogenic potentials. In relation to the fish growth, T1 and T4 resulted in a higher final weight.
Metabolic modeling and comparative biochemistry in glyoxylate cycle
Authors: Gonçalves Itamar Luís , Mielniczki-Pereira Albanin Aparecida , Piovezan Borges Ana Claudia , Valduga Alice Teresa
Published: August 2016

Glyoxylate cycle in fatty acid catabolism enhances net production of oxaloacetate, a substrate for gluconeogenesis, in certain bacteria, invertebrates and oilseed in the growth stage. A theoretical model was developed to calculate ATP amount produced in each step of the catabolic pathway, taking into account the fatty acid’s hydrocarbon chain size. Results showed a decrease in energy efficiency in glyoxylate cycle when compared to animal metabolism. Although the glyoxylate cycle provides evolutionary adaptations, it determines a smaller amount of energy produced per carbon atom when compared to animal catabolism of fatty acids.
Geographical spread of the invasive species Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott, 1879) and K. bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908): A scientometric approach
Authors: Bomfim Francieli De Fátima , Mantovano Tatiane , Schwind Leilane Talita Fatoreto , Palazzo Fabiana , Bonecker Claudia Costa , Lansac-Tôha Fábio Amodêo
Published: August 2016

Processes related to biological invasion of inland waters have become a major issue due to the increasing number of cases associated with the potential effects of invasions. Kellicottia bostoniensis and K. longispina are rotifer species originating from North America and have become invasive in several continents. In this sense, this study carried out a scientometric analysis to analyze the geographical distribution and identify patterns of occurrence as well as to fill gaps on the knowledge of these species. The survey was based on articles indexed in databases from 1896 to 2014. There is a greater scientific knowledge of these species in the temperate region, and these are present in many different environments. In Brazil, there is a very small number of studies, and no record of K. longispina. Therefore, it is noteworthy the importance of studies on the occurrence and abundance of these species in poorly studied areas, such as subtropical and tropical regions, for a better understanding of their invasive potential, given the potential effects on different communities, which can affect the structure and dynamics of environments.
Programa Nacional de assistência estudantil: do protagonismo da une aos avanços da luta por direitos, promovidos pelo FONAPRACE (PNAES: da UNE a FONAPRACE)
Authors: Jesus Luciano Nascimento de , Mayer André Luiz Monteiro , Camargo Pedro Luiz Teixeira
Published: August 2016

Este estudo busca demonstrar que a busca por uma Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil, em nível de política de Estado, é uma ‘construção histórica de várias mãos’, destacando-se as contribuições que dois atores aqui estudados, o Fórum Nacional de Pró-Reitores de Assuntos Comunitários e Estudantis (FONAPRACE) e a União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) deram para a constituição atual do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), instituído pelo Decreto nº 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para a construção deste trabalho, buscando mostrar parte da história descontínua da Educação brasileira, a fim de especificamente demonstrar algumas implicações que colaboraram para a não garantia de acesso, permanência e conclusão da graduação em ensino superior para a grande maioria da população brasileira. Conclui-se neste trabalho que, apesar dos avanços conseguidos na última década, por meio da pressão dos movimentos sociais de educação, somente em outro sistema político haverá, de fato, redução das desigualdades presentes no seio das IFES.
Influence of Heater Diameter on the Temperature Distribution and Melt Convection in a Directional Solidification System for Mono-Like Silicon Growth
Authors: Gao Mang Mang , Jing Hua Yu , Li Jin , Liang Sen , Li Hai Bo , Sekino Tohru
Published: August 2016

Mono-like silicon is one of the promising alternative wafer materials compared with mono-crystalline silicon and multi-crystalline silicon due to its relatively higher conversion efficiency and lower production cost. But there is still a large room to improve the crystal quality and to reduce the manufacturing cost, which could push the wafers into photovoltaic industry practically. In this paper, the CGSim software has been employed to analyze the influence of heater diameter on the temperature distribution and melt convection in a mono-like silicon lab-scale growth system. The results showed that the power consumption of the furnace was decreased from 65.2KW to 52.8KW as decreasing the heater diameter. It is mainly caused by the improved heating efficiency of resistance heater. At the same time the average melt temperature and temperature difference along axial direction as well as along melt free surface were increased with decreasing the heater diameter, resulting in a change of melt convection behavior. Consequently, the shape and fluctuation of solid-liquid interface changed due to various convection intensity and temperature difference. Thus, aiming at decreasing product cost and improving wafer quality, the optimized distance between heater and graphite crucible for mono-like silicon growth system could be determined as 20mm.
Mechanical Recovery of Ni/Al2O3 Nanocomposites after Pre-Oxidations at High Temperatures
Authors: Dake Akihiro , Pham Hai Vu , Nanko Makoto
Published: August 2016

Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposites have a crack healing function which results in recovery of mechanical strength. The function is caused by oxidations of Ni particles within matrix. Oxidation of Ni dispersion also results in the evolution of oxidized zone, which consists of NiAl2O4 grains in Al2O3 matrix. Degradations by high-temperature oxidation before introduction of surface crack is necessary to investigate for estimating the life time of the present material system. Samples of Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by using pulsed electric current sintering and pre-oxidized at 1200°C for 1-6 d in air. Surface cracks were given by the Vickers indentation at 49 N for 10 s. The samples were oxidized again at 1200°C for 6 h in air to heal the surface cracks. Longer pre-oxidation time of samples results in degradation of the performance of surface crack disappearance. Bending strength of healed samples with 2 d pre-oxidation was comparable with the samples before cracks introduction. After oxidation at 1200°C for 6 h in air, the partially disappearance of cracks was observed on 6 d pre-oxidized samples. Hence, the recovery of bending strength depends on thickness of oxidized zone and depth of surface cracks.
Effect of Degassing Treatment on the Crystalline Morphology of XLPE Insulation Used for 110kV XLPE Cable
Authors: Yu Xin , Gao Peng Fei , Peng Xiang Yang , Gao Nai Kui , Huang Zhen , Jin Hai Yun , Lee Soo Wohn
Published: August 2016

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a main kind of insulation materials, used in medium and high voltage power cable. High voltage XLPE cable production mainly adopts peroxide crosslinking method, and the performance of XLPE cable will be affected by decomposing by-products of crosslinking agent (DCP, dicumyl peroxide).In this paper, the XLPE cable was degassed with different times. The XLPE samples were analyzed by infrared spectrum analysis, DSC analysis and electron microscopy, and the influences of degassing on XLPE crystalline morphology were analyzed. The results showed that the crystal structure of XLPE in the cable was affected by degassing treatment. With the degassing treatment time went on, the by-products kept releasing. The content of by-products in 110kV XLPE cable decreased obviously in 2-7 days’ degassing treatment, and changed slowly after 7 days’. The growth and perfection of the original crystal in XLPE material were obtained, and the new small grains were formed in the material.
The Influence of Multi-Factor Aging on Partial Discharge Property for Epoxy/Mica Insulation of Generator Stator Bars
Authors: Nie Liang Liang , Ren Teng Yue , Tao Shi Di , Li Yu Feng , Zhang Peng , Jin Hai Yun , Gao Nai Kui , Kim Hyung Sun
Published: August 2016

As one of the most important parts of the generator, Epoxy/mica insulation system has the direct effect on the reliability of generator operation. The accelerated aging of insulation system was taking place under the complex operation condition, and resulting in the insulation system breakdown. It had always been the target for the researchers to find an efficient way to evaluate the state of generator insulation system. According to the real operation situation, the multi-factor aging test sequence with electric field, temperature field, mechanical vibration and thermal cycling was developed, and the test platform with multi-factor aging was built in this research. The partial discharge test was conducted at the end of each cycle. The result showed that, with the insulation aging time prolonged, the maximum partial discharge quantity decreased first then increased while skewness and kurtosis varied the opposite way. And the phase range of partial discharge began to expand. This research provided a new way to evaluate the state of generator insulation system.
Photoluminescence Properties of the Magnetoplumbite-Type BaMg6Ti6O19:Mn4+ and Spinel-Type Mg2TiO4:Mn4+
Authors: Sasaki Takuya , Fukushima Jun , Hayashi Yamato , Takizawa Hirotsugu
Published: August 2016

Mn4+-doped magnetoplumbite-type BaMg6Ti6O19 and spinel-type Mg2TiO4 red phosphors were synthesized by a solid-state reaction. BaMg6Ti6O19:Mn4+ and Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ were formed as main phase above 1200 oC. Although the emission peak of BaMg6Ti6O19:Mn4+ and Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ were almost the same, the excitation peak of BaMg6Ti6O19:Mn4+ and Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ were different. The 4A2→4T1 transition peak of Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ shifted to a shorter wavelength side than that of BaMg6Ti6O19:Mn4+ and 4A2→4T2 shifted to a longer wavelength side. The crystal field splitting energy of Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ was lower than that of BaMg6Ti6O19:Mn4+. By the additional of R block, the racah parameter B increased and C decreased. Although the increase of B causes a blue-shift of the emission wavelength and the decrease of C causes a red-shift of the emission wavelength, PL emission wavelength was little different due to the influence of both racah parameter. Thus, it was suggested that the existence of R block results in a difference of photoluminescence properties.
Motivation-Matched Approach to the Treatment of Problem Gambling: A Case Series Pilot Study
Authors: Stewart Melissa J. , Davis MacNevin Parnell L. , Hodgins David C. , Barrett Sean P. , Swansburg Jennifer , Stewart Sherry H.
Published: August 2016

The aim of the present case series was to provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of a motivation-matched treatment for problem gamblers. On the basis of their primary underlying motivations for gambling, 6 problem gamblers received either action-motivated (n = 4) or escape-motivated (n = 2) treatment. Drawing upon a cognitive-behavioural framework, this 6-session motivation-matched treatment was designed to address gamblers' maladaptive motivations for gambling (i.e., the need or desire for "escape" or "action"), as well as the effects of conditioning and maladaptive thinking patterns unique to each gambling motive subtype. Assessments were conducted at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included gambling behaviour (i.e., gambling frequency, time, and money spent gambling), severity of gambling problems, and gambling-related impairment or disability; secondary outcome measures included gambling-related craving, gambling abstinence self-efficacy, positively and negatively reinforcing gambling situations, and gambling outcome expectancies. Overall, participants showed pre- to post-treatment improvements on the majority of these measures, with relatively less immediate post-treatment treatment gains observed on measures that assessed positively and negatively reinforcing gambling situations and gambling-related impairment or disability. However, treatment gains at the 3- and 6-month follow-up were shown for most participants on these latter measures as well. Findings suggest promise for this novel treatment approach. The next step in this line of research is to conduct a randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy of this motivation-matched treatment for disordered gambling with treatment as usual.
Implementation of state-of-the-art ternary new-particle formation scheme to
the regional chemical transport model PMCAMx-UF in Europe
Authors: Baranizadeh Elham , Murphy Benjamin N. , Julin Jan , Falahat Saeed , Reddington Carly L. , Arola Antti , Ahlm Lars , Mikkonen Santtu , Fountoukis Christos , Patoulias David , Minikin Andreas , Hamburger Thomas , Laaksonen Ari , Pandis Spyros N. , Vehkamäki Hanna , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Riipinen Ilona
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The particle formation scheme within PMCAMx-UF, a three-dimensional chemical transport model, was updated with particle formation rates for the ternary H2SO4–NH3–H2O pathway simulated by the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) using quantum chemical input data. The model was applied over Europe for May 2008, during which the EUCAARI-LONGREX (European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions–Long-Range Experiment) campaign was carried out, providing aircraft vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations. The updated model reproduces the observed number concentrations of particles larger than 4 nm within 1 order of magnitude throughout the atmospheric column. This agreement is encouraging considering the fact that no semi-empirical fitting was needed to obtain realistic particle formation rates. The cloud adjustment scheme for modifying the photolysis rate profiles within PMCAMx-UF was also updated with the TUV (Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible) radiative-transfer model. Results show that, although the effect of the new cloud adjustment scheme on total number concentrations is small, enhanced new-particle formation is predicted near cloudy regions. This is due to the enhanced radiation above and in the vicinity of the clouds, which in turn leads to higher production of sulfuric acid. The sensitivity of the results to including emissions from natural sources is also discussed.
Two-temperature dual-phase-lags theory in a thermoelastic solid half-space
due to an inclined load
Authors: Zenkour Ashraf M. , Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Alnefaie Khaled A. , Abu-Hamdeh Nidal H. , Aljinaidi Abdulmalik A. , Aifantis Elias C.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This article addresses the thermoelastic interaction due to inclined load on a homogeneous isotropic half-space in context of two-temperature generalized theory of thermoelasticity with dual-phase-lags. It is assumed that the inclined load is a linear combination of both normal and tangential loads. The governing equations are solved by using the normal mode analysis. The variations of the displacement, stress, conductive temperature, and thermodynamic temperature distributions with the horizontal distance have been shown graphically. Results of some earlier workers have also been deduced from the present investigation as special cases. Some comparisons are graphically presented to estimate the effects of the two-temperature parameter, the dual-phase-lags parameters and the inclination angle. It is noticed that there is a significant difference in the values of the studied fields for different value of the angle of inclination. The method presented here maybe applicable to a wide range of problems in thermodynamics and thermoelasticity.
New study on the 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Baptista Maria Ana , Miranda Jorge Miguel , Batlló Josep , Lisboa Filipe , Luis Joaquim , Maciá Ramon
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The M ∼ 8.3–8.4 25 November 1941 was one of the largest submarine strike-slip earthquakes ever recorded in the Northeast (NE) Atlantic basin. This event occurred along the Eurasia–Nubia plate boundary between the Azores and the Strait of Gibraltar. After the earthquake, the tide stations in the NE Atlantic recorded a small tsunami with maximum amplitudes of 40 cm peak to through in the Azores and Madeira islands. In this study, we present a re-evaluation of the earthquake epicentre location using seismological data not included in previous studies. We invert the tsunami travel times to obtain a preliminary tsunami source location using the backward ray tracing (BRT) technique. We invert the tsunami waveforms to infer the initial sea surface displacement using empirical Green's functions, without prior assumptions about the geometry of the source. The results of the BRT simulation locate the tsunami source quite close to the new epicentre. This fact suggests that the co-seismic deformation of the earthquake induced the tsunami. The waveform inversion of tsunami data favours the conclusion that the earthquake ruptured an approximately 160 km segment of the plate boundary, in the eastern section of the Gloria Fault between −20.249 and −18.630° E. The results presented here contribute to the evaluation of tsunami hazard in the Northeast Atlantic basin.
Mapping and assessing variability in the Antarctic marginal ice zone,
pack ice and coastal polynyas in two sea ice algorithms with implications on
breeding success of snow petrels
Authors: Stroeve Julienne C. , Jenouvrier Stephanie , Campbell G. Garrett , Barbraud Christophe , Delord Karine
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Sea ice variability within the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and polynyas plays an important role for phytoplankton productivity and krill abundance. Therefore, mapping their spatial extent as well as seasonal and interannual variability is essential for understanding how current and future changes in these biologically active regions may impact the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Knowledge of the distribution of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas in the total Antarctic sea ice cover may also help to shed light on the factors contributing towards recent expansion of the Antarctic ice cover in some regions and contraction in others. The long-term passive microwave satellite data record provides the longest and most consistent record for assessing the proportion of the sea ice cover that is covered by each of these ice categories. However, estimates of the amount of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and polynyas depend strongly on which sea ice algorithm is used. This study uses two popular passive microwave sea ice algorithms, the NASA Team and Bootstrap, and applies the same thresholds to the sea ice concentrations to evaluate the distribution and variability in the MIZ, the consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas. Results reveal that the seasonal cycle in the MIZ and pack ice is generally similar between both algorithms, yet the NASA Team algorithm has on average twice the MIZ and half the consolidated pack ice area as the Bootstrap algorithm. Trends also differ, with the Bootstrap algorithm suggesting statistically significant trends towards increased pack ice area and no statistically significant trends in the MIZ. The NASA Team algorithm on the other hand indicates statistically significant positive trends in the MIZ during spring. Potential coastal polynya area and amount of broken ice within the consolidated ice pack are also larger in the NASA Team algorithm. The timing of maximum polynya area may differ by as much as 5 months between algorithms. These differences lead to different relationships between sea ice characteristics and biological processes, as illustrated here with the breeding success of an Antarctic seabird.
Aja'ib, Ghar'aib, Tilismi Qisse, and Salman Rushdie's Tilismi Realism
Authors: Roy Anjali Gera
Published: August 2016

Salman Rushdie's writing has been appropriated in both postmodernism and postcolonialism and largely viewed as being influenced by the magic realism of Gabriel Garcia Márquez. Despite Rushdie's self-acknowledged debt to “oriental” storytelling traditions of Dastan-e-Amir Hamza, Dastan-e-Hatim Tai, Panchatantra, Kathasaritsagar, and Arabian Nights, his “Eastern literary ancestors”1 have not been examined in depth. Strongly opposing the perception of Rushdie as a “Third World cosmopolitan” or a “metropolitan intellectual,” Feroza Jussawalla views him as a product of “a post-Mughal Urdu high culture” and suggests that it is “in looking at the form of the dastan that one finally understands the origins of Rushdie's fantastic and what he calls ‘fantabulous’” (1996). This essay focuses on tilism, a key element in qissa or dastan, to locate Rushdie's magic realism within the ontological category of aja'ib wa ghar'ib and traces a continuity between Rushdie's postcolonial English fiction, Urdu translations of dastans, and a new genre of tilismi fiction inaugurated by Rajab Ali Beg Suroor in the first original Urdu romance Fasana-e-Ajaib (1831) that reached its culmination in Devakinandan Khatri's Hindi–Urdu fiction Chandrakanta (1888). It contests the widely held view of Rushdie's fiction as magic realist by proposing that his mix of the real and the marvelous be viewed as “tilismi realism.”
Into Bhasha and English: Comparative Study of Bhasha and English Translation in India
Authors: Chandran Mini
Published: August 2016

The paper explores the various aspects of the translation process in India, by comparing regional language and English translations of three particular regional language works, using the Malayalam and English translations of Tarashankar Bandyopadhyaya's Bangla novel Arogyaniketan, U.R. Anantha Murthy's Kannada novel Samskara, and V.S. Khandekar's Marathi novel Yayati. The obvious fluency of a bhasha translation as compared to the English translation, I argue, point to the cultural filiation shared by Indian bhasha works despite their linguistic differences. The English translator in India faces the predicament of having a target language with no cohesive target readership. In fact, without a clear idea of who she is translating for, the English translator is forced to smoothen out the vexatious cultural aspects, which resist being carried over completely across borders. On the other hand, interlingual translation between the regional languages in India is more of an intracultural than an intercultural transference, which leads to less self-conscious translations. Contrary to Lawrence Venuti's argument that ethnocentric violence is the price you pay for fluency, the bhasha translations appear to be more sensitive to cultural nuances than the English ones with all their foreignizing devices of extensive notes and glossary.
The Hindi Postcolonial—Categories and Configurations
Authors: Trivedi Harish
Published: August 2016

By tacit Anglophone collusion, all postcolonial discourse is agreed to be written in English, the language of the colonizer, and not in a language of the colonized such as Hindi. Perhaps for that reason, it has had little impact on Hindi whereas it remains an integral part of the US academy, not always in benign manifestations. A notable recent development is the autonomy from the West that Indian writing in English has won with the rise of writers like Chetan Bhagat and Amish Tripathi in terms of local sales and popularity, and also through deploying non-diasporic local themes and words and phrases from Hindi, etc. Nevertheless, Indian writing in English and works of Hindi literature continue to inhabit widely divergent cultural universes even when addressing similar themes with only a rare borderline foray from one into the other, and it remains debatable whether either postcolonial discourse as currently constituted or Hindi literature has anything to gain from the other.
Can Bengali Literature be Postcolonial?
Authors: Majumder Auritro
Published: August 2016

This paper explores the relation between Bengali literature and theories of postcolonialism. Bengali-language literature has been a significant inspiration for South Asian postcolonialist and comparativist concepts in the Anglo-American academy. This paper outlines the key literary figures and genealogies behind the development of postcolonial thought in West Bengal and Bangladesh. Various genres of poetry, drama, and fiction, aesthetic paradigms such as socialist and magical realism, as well as internationalist and indigenous sources, are examined, which enabled such a process across the twentieth century. A consideration of these aspects nuances the intellectual history of metropolitan postcolonialism, I argue, illuminating its erasures and appropriations.
Advantages of IT-based clinical pathways in surgical treatment of non-specific spondylodiscitis
Authors: Homagk N. , Jarmuzek T. , Meisel H.J. , Hofmann G.O. , Homagk L.
Published: August 2016

Objective: The German health care system increasingly incorporates clinical pathways as a tool to organize surgical, intervention or conservative therapies. Does a computerized clinical pathway offer advantages in severity-based surgical therapy of spondylodiscitis?Methods: A hospital has adopted a computerized system based on three severity grades of spondylodiscitis. From 01/01/2012 to 12/31/2013, 32 patients with spondylodiscitis were randomly chosen at admission and prospectively analysed with regard to duration, costs of treatment, pain level and inflammatory markers.Results: Of the 32 patients treated for spondylodiscitis who had not been transferred from another facility, 17 (53%) were treated according to a clinical pathway based on three well-established treatment regimens dependent on severity. The SponDT, as a parameter for the course of disease, was initially slightly higher in the pathway patient’s group (6.82) than in the control group (6.2). Compared to a control group (n = 15) there were differences in the total duration of stay (17.2 vs. 26.0) and the number of blood samples taken (7 vs. 10). No differences could be shown for the extent of documentation, the physical and neurological outcome, the level of pain and or the course of inflammatory markers. The most prevalent germ was Staphylococcus aureus (18.8%). In 43.8% of the patients, no infectious agent could be detected. Material costs and personnel-costs were significantly reduced in the pathway group (12,076 €) compared to 21,341 € in the control group.Conclusions: An IT-based clinical pathway is preferable for surgical therapy of spondylodiscitis based on three grades of severity and offers various advantages as a clinical and administrative regulative mechanism. The cost-effective treatment particularly stands out.
Iranian EFL Students’ Emotional Intelligence and Autonomy in Distance Education
Authors: Valizadeh Mohammadreza
Published: August 2016

The present study aimed to clarify EFL learners’ conceptions of autonomy and whether their autonomy was correlated with their emotional intelligence. The research was carried out with the participation of 110 learners at Distance Education University in Urmia, Iran. Questionnaires were emailed to the participants. Results of statistical analyses revealed substantial correlations between learners’ conceptions of autonomy and their emotional intelligence. ‘Independence’, ‘Stress Tolerance’, ‘Problem- Solving’, ‘Happiness’, ‘Self-actualization’, ‘Self-awareness’, ‘Optimism’, ‘Self-regard’, ‘Empathy,’ and ‘Impulse Control’ became the most determining elements of emotional intelligence (EI) for learners. Overall, the findings led the researcher to conclude that learners’ EI is a key factor influencing the extent to which they are ready to learn autonomously, and that teachers could therefore strive to ascertain learners’ intelligence type before they train them to become autonomous.
La reforma del procedimiento de reforma constitucional en España
Authors: Vera Santos José Manuel
Published: August 2016

Resumen:El autor realiza un estudio previo de la regulación constitucional referida a la reforma constitucional en España, para posteriormente establecer pautas que puedan mejorar el procedimiento de reforma.Para ello basa sus propuestas en dos principios: 1. La inclusión de cláusulas de intangibilidad, independientemente del procedimiento a seguir. 2. Establecimiento de un único procedimiento de reforma constitucional, aprovechando la inercia de la actual regulación constitucional, bien siguiendo el sistema de mayoría cualificada (similar al establecido actualmente en el artículo 167 CE), bien el de doble Legislatura (ejemplificado en las previsiones prescritas en el artículo 168 CE), resolviendo las disfunciones que ambos procedimientos podrían atesorar, simplificando los mismos.Abstract:The author conducts a previous study on constitutional regulation concerning the Spanish constitutional reform, in order subsequently to establish guidelines to improve the reform procedure. To this end he bases his proposals in two principles: 1. The inclusion of intangibility clauses, regardless of the procedure to be followed. 2. The establishment of a single constitutional reform procedure, seizing the inertia of the current constitutional regulation, following either thequalified-majority system (similar to the one currently established in article 167) or the double legislature one (exemplified in article 168 stipulations), and resolving and simplifying in both cases the malfunctions that both procedures could present.Summary:Introduction: the housekeeper is evaluating the possibility of refurbishingthe kitchen. 1. Title X of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. 1.1. Constitutional reform initiative and its temporal limits (arts. 166 and 169). 1.2. The reform procedure under article 167. 1.3. The reform procedure under article 168. 2. Possible and desirable reforms or how the sleep of reason can produce monsters, although it should not. 2.1. Previous reflections. 2.2. Regarding the initiative in both procedures. 2.3. Regarding the considerations set out in article 167.2. 2.4. Regarding the stipulations set out in article 168. 3. Provided proposals.
Recent Advances in Understanding the Structure and Function Relationship of Multidrug Resistance-Linked ABC Transporter P-glycoprotein
Authors: Fei Zhou  , Lothar Esser  , Di Xia
Published: August 2016

Mammalian P-glycoproteins (P-gp) are members of the broad family of ABC transporters and play important physiological roles in establishing physical barriers that limit access of toxic compounds and thus in the pharmacokinetics of these compounds. Cancer cells exploit the presence of P-gp to fend off anti-cancer drugs, rendering them multidrug resistant (MDR). Structural investigations of P-gp involve the expression and isolation of this large integral membrane protein in high quality and in sufficient quantity for it to be amenable to electron microscopic (EM) and crystallographic studies. EM studies have defined the shape of the molecule and delineated its various conformations in solution but major breakthrough in obtaining atomic resolution structures of P-gp were accomplished by X-ray crystallography. Structures with increasing resolution and accuracy in various substrate and inhibitor bound forms are available for analysis and novel mechanistic insights have been obtained. These advances have paved the way for future research to further our understanding of the mechanism of P-gp function and development of potential inhibitors that may reverse MDR in cancer treatment.
Fairness and Ethics in Spending
Authors: B. Ghassan Hassan
Published: August 2016

Islamic faith and the ethical dimensions of the individual and the community have a significant role in guiding economic behavior by connecting the worldly life to the hereafter. In the Islamic economics paradigm, by relating ethics to the economic behavior of spending, we exhibit the good (bad) attributes of ethical (unethical) behavior. In this paper, we contribute to developing a measure of the overspending and underspending that allows testing the presence of wastefulness and niggardliness.
Učestalost hidronefroze kod djece i adolescenata hospitalizovanih na Klinici za dječje bolesti Banja Luka
Authors: Jovičić Sanja , Petrović-Tepić Snežana , Božić Ljiljana , Jović Duška
Published: August 2016

Uvod. Hidronefroza predstavlja dilataciju bubrežne karlice i bubrežnih čašica,i nije sinonim za opstrukciju. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrđivanje učestalostihidronefroze, njene distribucije prema polu i uzrastu, analiziranje kliničkihmanifestacija, lokalizacije i gradusa hidronefroze, kao i udruženosti sa drugimanomalijama urogenitalnog sistema.Metode. Retrospektivnom studijom obuhvaćeno je 79 pacijenata oba pola,uzrasta od 0 do 18 godina, sa dijagnozom Hydronephrosis, koji su bili hospitalizovanina Odjeljenju nefrologije, Klinike za dječje bolesti Banja Luka tokom2012. godine. Podaci su prikupljeni iz raspoložive medicinske dokumentacije.Analizirane su kliničke manifestacije, distribucija hidronefroze u odnosu na poli uzrast, lokalizaciju i stepen hidronefroze, postojanje pridruženih anomalijaurotrakta i procedure koje su vršene u toku dijagnostičke obrade pacijenta.Rezultati. Od ukupno 466 hospitalizovanih pacijenata, 16,9% pacijenata jeimalo hidronefrozu. Najveći broj je otkriven tokom prenatalnog perioda (70,9%dječaka i 29,1% djevojčica), te je utvrđeno da postoji statistički značajna razlikau broju oboljelih u odnosu na pol (p<0,001). Kod 54,4% pacijenata uzroknastanka je opstrukcija pijelo-ureteričnog segmenta, a kao najčešću kliničkumanifestaciju nalazimo infekcije urinarnog trakta po tipu Pyelonephritis acuta.Kod 81% djece prisutna je unilateralna hidronefroza, pri čemu je najviše zastupljenablaga dilatacija kanalnog sistema. Kod 39,2% ispitanika utvrđene sui druge patološke promjene urogenitalnog trakta.Zaključak. Redovnom primjenom prenatalnog ultrazvuka mogu se na vrijemeuočiti anomalije urinarnog trakta, odabrati odgovarajući terapijski pristup itime izbjeći moguće komplikacije.
Bolesti usta i zuba kod starih
Authors: Ivković Nedeljka , Davidović Brankica , Račić Maja , Božović Đorđe , Popović-Grubač Dijana , Milosavljević Marko
Published: August 2016

Starenje je prirodan i ireverzibilan fiziološki proces koji zavisi od faktoranasljeđa, faktora sredine, ali i od načina života. Pri tome bitnu ulogu imajubrojni fiziološki, biološki, psihološki i drugi faktori. U odnosu na starost istarenje postoje veoma izražene individualne razlike. Starost čitavog organizmačovjeka, kao i pojedinih organa i sistema, ne počinje kod svih osoba uisto vrijeme, niti se razvija istom brzinom. Taj proces doprinosi pogoršanjuzdravlja i konačno vodi smrti, ali pri tome nije značajna samo dužina, već ikvalitet života.Starenje, skoro bez izuzetka, dovodi do manjeg ili većeg smanjenja kvalitetaživota. Na kvalitet života može veoma značajno da utiče i stanje usta i zuba,oboljenja ili nedostatak većine ili svih zuba. Najčešća oralna oboljenja i stanjakoja utiču na kvalitet života, i koja mijenjaju brojne funkcije orofacijalnogsistema su: gubitak zuba, parodontopatije, karijes, prekancerozne lezije usneduplje i karcinomi, kserostomija i resorpcija kosti alveolarnog grebena.Da bi se doprinijelo rješavanju problema starih osoba, potrebno je da sestomatolozi više bave starim osobama, da se organizuju redovni stomatološkikontrolni pregledi, da se tom prilikom pregledaju sva tkiva usne duplje iokoline, a ne samo zubi, da se poboljša oralna higijena i da se obezbijediefikasna kućna stomatološka njega, posebno nepokretnih starih osoba. Posebnoje važno brigu o oralnom zdravlju uključiti u nacionalne programe očuvanjaopšteg zdravlja, jer je to najefikasniji put za poboljšanje oralnog zdravlja ikvaliteta života starih osoba.
Polar properties of a hexagonally bonded GaN sheet under biaxial compression
Authors: Gao Yanlin , Yayama Tomoe , Okada Susumu
Published: August 2016

Using the density functional theory, we study the geometric and electronic structures of a GaN sheet possessing a honeycomb network. The sheet preserves the planar conformation under an equilibrium lattice constant of 3.2 Å, and has a semiconducting electronic structure with an indirect band gap of 2.28 eV. The biaxial compressive strain causes structural buckling, leading to polarization normal to the atomic layer. An external electric field normal to the layer also induces structural buckling with a height proportional to the field strength. The polarity of the buckled GaN sheet is tunable by attaching H atoms on Ga and N atoms.
Decentralized provenance-aware publishing with nanopublications
Authors: Kuhn Tobias , Chichester Christine , Krauthammer Michael , Queralt-Rosinach Núria , Verborgh Ruben , Giannakopoulos George , Ngonga Ngomo Axel-Cyrille , Viglianti Raffaele , Dumontier Michel
Published: August 2016

Publication and archival of scientific results is still commonly considered the responsability of classical publishing companies. Classical forms of publishing, however, which center around printed narrative articles, no longer seem well-suited in the digital age. In particular, there exist currently no efficient, reliable, and agreed-upon methods for publishing scientific datasets, which have become increasingly important for science. In this article, we propose to design scientific data publishing as a web-based bottom-up process, without top-down control of central authorities such as publishing companies. Based on a novel combination of existing concepts and technologies, we present a server network to decentrally store and archive data in the form of nanopublications, an RDF-based format to represent scientific data. We show how this approach allows researchers to publish, retrieve, verify, and recombine datasets of nanopublications in a reliable and trustworthy manner, and we argue that this architecture could be used as a low-level data publication layer to serve the Semantic Web in general. Our evaluation of the current network shows that this system is efficient and reliable.
Identification of functional farnesoid X receptors in brain neurons
Authors: Huang Chao , Wang Jili , Hu Wenfeng , Wang Chengniu , Lu Xu , Tong Lijuan , Wu Feng , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2016

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been confirmed to sense bile acids in various tissues. However, its expression in brain neurons remains obscure. In this study, we identified FXR mRNA and protein expression in mouse brain neurons and in mouse/human brain tissues. FXR was predominantly localized in the nucleus in cultured neurons, but in neurons in vivo, it mainly appeared in the cytoplasm. In nuclear compartments, the neuronal FXR exhibited a punctate distribution. Activation of FXR increased the small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA and protein expression levels in cultured neurons and in brain tissues. These findings will help explore new functions of FXR in the brain.
Penetration of magnetosheath plasma into dayside magnetosphere: 1. Density, velocity, and rotation
Authors: Lyatsky Wladislaw , Pollock Craig , Goldstein Melvyn L. , Lyatskaya Sonya , Avanov Levon
Published: August 2016

In this study, we examine a large number of plasma structures (filaments), observed with the Cluster spacecraft during 2 years (2007–2008) in the dayside magnetosphere but consisting of magnetosheath plasma. To reduce the effects observed in the cusp regions and on magnetosphere flanks, we consider these events predominantly inside the narrow cone ≤30° about the subsolar point. Two important features of these filaments are (i) their stable antisunward (earthward) motion inside the magnetosphere, whereas the ambient magnetospheric plasma moves usually in the opposite direction (sunward), and (ii) between these filaments and the magnetopause, there is a region of magnetospheric plasma, which separates these filaments from the magnetosheath. The stable earthward motion of these filaments and the presence of a region of magnetospheric plasma between these filaments and the magnetopause show the possible disconnection of these filaments from the magnetosheath, as suggested earlier by many researchers. The results also show that these events cannot be a result of back‐and‐forth motions of magnetopause position or surface waves propagating on the magnetopause. Another important feature of these filaments is their rotation about the filament axis, which might be a result of their passage through the velocity shear on magnetopause boundary. After crossing the velocity shear, the filaments get a rotational velocity, which has opposite directions in the noon‐dusk and noon‐dawn sectors. This rotation velocity may be an important factor, supporting the stability of these filaments and providing their motion into the magnetosphere.