bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights into the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Salih Matar Alsehli  , Omar Abdullah Almutairi  , Sati Musaad Almutairi  , Muqren Geri Almutairi  , Salem Ayad Aljohani  , Majed Abdullah Alharbi  , Najeh Saud Alanazi  , Faisal Fahad Almutiri  , Yousef Aziz Aloufi  , Abdullah Saad Algohani  , Mohammed Abdullah Alharbi  , Ibrahim M.S. Bassati  , Samaher Maher Bukhari  , Abdullah Ali Alharbi  , Abdulmajeed Alanazi
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a significant problem that necessitates a greater understanding of its underlying molecular complexity in order to improve diagnostics and therapies. Recent studies have shed light on the critical role that mitochondrial dysfunction plays in the development and course of HCC. Once thought to be primarily involved in the synthesis of cellular energy, mitochondria are now known to be key participants in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions that go beyond bioenergetics. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in HCC by synthesising ideas from conventional and contemporary scientific literature. Within diagnostics, the discovery of mitochondrial biomarkers such as mutations in mitochondrial DNA and abnormalities in respiratory chain complex activities provides a state-of-the-art viewpoint for the timely identification and accurate description of HCC. In addition, non-invasive imaging methods that focus on mitochondrial function offer prospective means of improving clinical diagnostic accuracy. Moving on to treatment, a growing area of study investigates how mitochondria-targeted therapies might be used to treat HCC. Novel substances and repurposed medications with the potential to induce selective apoptosis in cancer cells, reduce oxidative stress, and restore mitochondrial homeostasis are highly promising. In the fight against hepatocellular carcinoma, an understanding of the complex interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and HCC opens new diagnostic opportunities and paves the way for individualised treatment plans.
For Everthing Else, There’s Taxes: Why Credit Card Rewards Should Stop Being Priceless
Authors: Fry Trevor H.
Published: January 2025

The simple swipe or tap of a credit card creates ripple effects that impact people and parties at every stage of the economic food chain. Throughout the last century, the credit card industry has been allowed to grow with practically no hindrance or foresight of its repercussions. Furthermore, the sector has been a well-documented engine of increasing financial inequality, representing an area of the economy that necessitates more forceful regulation. Legislation regarding the credit card industry has largely focused on increasing and clarifying consumer-facing disclosure and stamping out its most predatory practices; however, these laws have been unable to make meaningful progress in advancing financial equity. This Note argues that increased financial equity in this industry can be achieved by taxing the rewards that people earn from their credit cards as if those rewards were regular income. By engaging in such a taxing scheme, the U.S. Congress, the Internal Revenue Service, and the courts can set an effective example and signal that the credit card industry can no longer act as an unrestricted private marketplace operating outside the norms of taxation.
Stop Being Shady: How Current Sunscreen Regulatory Processes and Standards Burn Consumer Protection
Authors: Zaccaro Carolyn R.
Published: January 2025

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates sunscreen as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug and not a cosmetic, subjecting it to the agency’s OTC drug review process. In 1999, the FDA published a final set of standards for marketing sunscreens in the United States, called a monograph. Since its publication, the FDA has tried to amend the monograph with little success. Congress has also acted to ease the procedural burdens and hurdles the FDA faces in updating the monograph, but these attempts brought about little change in sunscreen regulations. The United States’ efforts to properly update the standards for sunscreen pale in comparison to other countries, such as those in the European Union and parts of Asia. There, sunscreens are regulated as cosmetics, and new sunscreen ingredients face a different review process, leading to approval of newer and more effective ingredients on an expedited basis. Meanwhile, the FDA has taken a risk-averse approach to sunscreens, and in particular, approvals of new sunscreen active ingredients, as they have consistently denied approvals for new ingredients due to insufficient safety data. This approach has impeded meaningful progress for sunscreens—the last time the FDA approved a new sunscreen active ingredient to be broadly used in sunscreens was in 1999. Some groups support the FDA’s risk-aversion, but others question whether such stringency actually benefits public health long-term. This Note argues that the FDA’s risk-averse approach improperly balances sunscreen safety with public health. To better serve the FDA’s mission of consumer protection, Congress should step in to fund public research or provide enticing incentives for industry stakeholders to encourage them to take up the costs associated with the rigorous, yet crucial, safety testing.
Psychometric Validation of Nepali Version of Supportive Care Needs Survey Short-Form (SCNS-SF-34 -N) Among Nepali Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Dhakal Kamala , Chen Changying , Hussien Nahed Ahmed , Adhikari Bibhav , Pandey Bista Archana
Published: January 2025

Background: Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form (SCNS-SF-34) is commonly used tool for the assessment of supportive care needs among cancer patients. Cervical cancer is common cancer among women in Nepal and they are suffering from various types of problems compared with other cancer patients. It is necessary to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire after translating it in another language and going to be used. The study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of SCNS-SF-34 Nepali version among Nepali cervix cancer patients.
Methods: 334 participants were recruited purposively from 5 cancers hospital. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structure validity, internal consistency convergent validity, and discriminant validity were calculated and confirmed.
Results: Using EFA, a five-factor structure was developed considering higher loading factor for multiple loaded items which was similar with the dimensions of the original version of the SCNS-SF34 accounting for 65.48% of the total variance. CFA confirmed that the construct validity of SCNS-SF 34N was found at acceptable level. Cronbach's alpha coefficients was found from 0.789 to 0.929 for all five domains and 0.887 for the whole scale. Independent 't' test between known subgroups on age, marital status, stage of disease and treatment modalities confirmed discriminant validity.
Conclusion: It was confirmed that the SCNS-SF 34 N is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of the supportive care needs among cervix cancer patients in Nepal.
Un Criterio de Estado Límite Dinámico Adecuado a Cáscaras Cilíndricas Sometidas a Cargas Impulsivas
Authors: Ameijeiras Mariano P. , Godoy Luis A.
Published: January 2025

En la industria petroquímica, los tanques cilíndricos de almacenamiento de hidrocarburos pueden estar sometidos a efectos de ondas explosivas externas provenientes de detonaciones. El estado límite de pandeo dinámico de cáscaras delgadas bajo cargas asimétricas de corta duración no ha sido determinado. En este trabajo se desarrolla y propone un criterio que estima las acciones críticas a partir de medir las fuerzas restitutivas del sistema en sentido integral (débil). Los resultados de inestabilidad sobre la trayectoria de movimiento (cuasibifurcación) publicados a partir del año 1977 por L.H.N Lee sirven de base para los análisis que se realizan. Se trabaja sobre un modelo elastoplástico de anillo que permite estudiar de forma simplificada los modos críticos impulsivos de tanques cilíndricos según lo han mostrado los autores en publicaciones previas. A partir de ese modelo, se miden cargas críticas de pandeo dinámico de un grupo de tanques típicos de la industria del petróleo y se comparan los resultados con modelos numéricos completos por el MEF. De los análisis se puede concluir que el límite de presión propuesto resulta una muy buena aproximación al estado límite de pandeo dinámico.
Modelación Computacional del Punzonamiento en Losas de Hormigón Armado Sometidas a Altas Temperaturas
Authors: Balarezo Illarick , Folino Paula , Ripani Marianela , Ludzik Héctor
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de la resistencia a punzonado en entrepisos sin vigas. La falla por punzonado se caracteriza por ser sumamente frágil. La exposición a un incendio, puede reducir sustancialmente la resistencia a punzonado debido a la degradación de las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales. En este trabajo se estudia la evolución de la resistencia al punzonamiento de un sistema losa-columna frente a la exposición a altas temperaturas mediante un modelo de elementos finitos 3D implementado en ABAQUS. Para representar el comportamiento termo-mecánico del hormigón se utiliza un modelo de plasticidad con daño dependiente de la temperatura, el cual es calibrado y luego validado con datos experimentales extraídos de la literatura. Los resultados obtenidos permiten estimar la caida de resistencia a punzonado al aumentar la temperatura y realizar un análisis de sensibilidad de los distintos parámetros que intervienen en el modelo.
Estabilidad Estructural Térmica de Tanques de Acero con Capacidad de Almacenamiento Medio de Petróleo
Authors: Calabró Horacio D. , Jaca Rossana C. , Godoy Luis A.
Published: January 2025

Comprender el comportamiento de las estructuras de lámina frente a las acciones externas como el caso particular del fuego, en los eventos de incendio en plantas petroleras, es fundamental para predecir formas de modo y de esta manera lograr hacer diseños más eficientes frente a estos eventos. Las baterías en general tienen tanques con distintos diámetros, alturas y tipos de techos. En este trabajo se modela un tanque de almacenamiento de petróleo de diámetro mediano de 17m, respecto de los tamaños típicos, en el que se realizan análisis de pandeo para evaluar las cargas máximas térmicas antes de llegar a cambiar su forma y seguir absorbiendo carga térmica. La fuente de calor se toma de un análisis de transferencia de calor resuelto por elementos finitos, realizado previamente. Ya se han realizado análisis de este tipo con un tanque con techo cónico más pequeños, de diámetro 11m con llama desde abajo, con separación de 1 diámetro respecto del tanque incendiado, sin inclinación de la llama y sin fluido interno en estudio, alcanzando una Temperatura critica de 400°C. Este análisis intenta reproducir el comportamiento poscritivos para Tanques de diámetro mediano por un tanque vecino en estado de incendio, para diferentes separaciones entre tanques y niveles de fluido interno.
Implementasi Landasan Sosiologi dalam Meningkatkan Mobilitas Sosial di SMAN 1 Kaliorang
Authors: Nurazizah Eva , Nurwana Nurwana , Yasin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Education is a complex social phenomenon influenced by various social, cultural, and economic factors. It cannot be separated from sociology, which studies society. This is because education has the ultimate goal of advancing society. Therefore, the sociological foundation becomes an important component to be studied and applied in education. This article elaborates on the sociological foundation in education, the goals and functions of sociological foundation in education, as well as society's views on education as observed from State Senior High School 1 Kaliorang. The aim of this article is to enhance understanding and implementation of sociological foundations in education to create a unified identity in teaching towards improvement. The article is investigated through qualitative methods including interviews, documentation, and observation, which are then organized according to critical analysis to obtain appropriate data. The research results itself show positive impressions regarding the success of the researched school in integrating sociological foundations into its educational system despite being in a multicultural environment.
Strategi Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Miramadhani Avicni , Putri Apriliany , Faelasup Faelasup
Published: January 2025

This research aims to identify and describe various strategies for developing teacher professionalism that can be applied in various educational contexts. Teacher professionalism is very important in improving the quality of education, because teachers have a strategic role in developing students' potential. The challenges faced by teachers are increasingly complex with stechnological developments, curriculum changes, and society's demands for educational outcomes. This research uses a library research approach to analyze relevant theories and concepts. Research findings show that teacher professional development involves various aspects, including pedagogical competence, content knowledge, and educational technology capabilities. Effective professional development strategies will help teachers improve their competence, strengthen commitment, and motivate them in carrying out their duties. Thus, developing teacher professionalism is the main key in creating an effective and quality education system in Indonesia.
Pendidikan Dan Stratifikasi Sosial: Kebijakan dan Praktek Pendidikan Dalam Mengurangi Stratifikasi Sosial di Lembaga Pendidikan
Authors: Aulia Sari Febby , Yasin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Education is an important and complex social phenomenon, influenced by various social, economic and cultural factors. The relationship between education and social stratification is interrelated in shaping the structure of society, especially in studying how education affects opportunity and equality, as well as how social stratification impacts individual success in various levels of society. Education aims to encourage the progress of humanity and the nation. This research aims to explain educational policies and practices that can reduce social stratification and identify the obstacles that influence these efforts. The study was conducted at SMKN 1 Sangatta Utara using qualitative methods through direct interviews and observation. The research results show that despite challenges and obstacles in the education sector, such as unequal access and economic disparities, SMKN 1 Sangatta Utara strives to reduce inequality by implementing inclusive and fair education policies. The school's efforts have had a positive impact in creating more equitable access to education and reducing social stratification.
Analisis Sekolah sebagai Sistem Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Interaksi Sosial Guru dan Murid
Authors: Naila Syafiatu , Pratama Andi Riswan , Yasin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is to find out the meaning of school as a social system and the factors that influence social interaction in schools by using qualitative methods and descriptive approaches. Qualitative research methods collect data in the form of descriptions and illustrations. The research location is at SMPIT Daarussalaam Sangatta Utara. The results showed that students who participated in the organization had a more social spirit than students who didn’t participate in the organization. Because several factors influence this. The impact of students who don’t participate in the organization is a low social spirit, sense of empathy, and lack of leadership. The solution is that every man and woman must understand differences, think wisely, and be able to develop their potential. This research confirms that in this modern era, generations must have a good social spirit and have great potential to shape a more advanced world. Therefore, educational institutions need to provide support and resources to help young people build their social spirit.
Conserving Traditional Medicinal Plants Amidst Deforestation: Insights from Fakai, Nigeria
Authors: MY Abubakar, , JAA Zankan,
Published: January 2025

Deforestation and vegetation loss can trigger various environmental issues, including climate change, desertification, soil erosion, reduced crop yields, loss of vegetation cover, flooding, and other related problems. The study was conducted to examine the impact of deforestation on traditional medicinal plants in the Fakai local government area of Kebbi state. Two out of four districts in Fakai were chosen for their relevance to the study. Data was gathered through questionnaires and in-depth interviews and subsequently analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and charts. The research findings showed that diverse plant species and their parts have been used to treat various ailments since time immaterial. Additionally, it was discovered that deforestation poses a significant threat to plants, particularly traditional medicinal plants in treating multiple diseases. This threat stems from the community's ongoing tree felling for commercial wood fuel harvesting, charcoal production, and bush burning to expand agricultural lands. The study also revealed that measures to curb deforestation were either non-existent or ineffective. The research concluded that while most of the studied community relies on traditional plants for treating health-related issues, human activities are detrimental to this practice, and there is a lack of stringent measures to address deforestation. The study recommends implementing community-based conservation efforts and promoting alternative energy sources to curb deforestation. Other interventions may include seedlings provision, poverty eradication, and legal action against illegal logging to ensure the sustainable use of medicinal plants.
High-Dose Intravenous Epoprostenol and Adjunct Therapies for Refractory Raynaud’s Phenomenon Associated with Anti-Jo-1 Antibodies: A Case Report
Authors: Pan Andy , Khan Imran , Mansour Marlene , Kovacs Bernadett , Richler Caitlin , Landry Christine , Do Kimberley , Morin Sydney , Purkayastha Deb , Varsava Melissa , Baun Emma , Thabet Pierre
Published: January 2025

This case report highlights the use of intravenous high-dose Epoprostenol for managing severe digital ischemia in a patient diagnosed with antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) exhibiting anti-Jo1 antibodies positivity, emphasizing its vasodilatory benefits and challenges with tolerability at higher doses. A multi-modal treatment strategy, including calcium channel blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and prostacyclin analogs, was critical for optimizing outcomes in refractory Raynaud’s phenomenon. This case underscores the importance of individualized treatment regimens and the need for ongoing monitoring and adjustments to balance therapeutic efficacy with patient safety. The report contributes to the limited literature on the management of severe digital ischemia in ASyS and emphasizes the potential role of adjunct therapies in improving patient outcomes.
Agro-Morphological Evaluation of Four Morphotypes of Chrysanthellum americanum L. VATKE in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso
Authors: Hamadou Sidibe , Boureima Sakande , Lassina Sanou , Wend-Denda Ilboudo Firmin , Grégoire Zoure
Published: January 2025

Aims: Chrysanthellum americanum L. VATKE is a herbaceous plant widely used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses (kidney stones, anemia, malaria, etc.). Knowledge of the growth potential, vegetative development and phytochemical potential of a  number of Chrysanthellum americanum L. VATKE morphotypes could contribute to the development of the species. It is in this context that this study was initiated, with a view to gaining knowledge of the agro-morphological characteristics of Chrysanthellum americanum L. VATKE.
Methodology: The study was carried out at the experimental station of the Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Saria (INERA/Saria). Four morphotypes (MT1, MT2, MT3 and MT4) from a mixture of Chrysanthellem americanum seed collected from Bobo, Nandiala and Tema were grown in a Fisher design with three replications.
Result: A total of 27 agro-morphological parameters, including 8 qualitative and 19 quantitative, were observed and measured. Morphotypes showed variation in achene color and stem habit. Significant differences between morphotypes were observed for parameters linked to growth, the phenological cycle of plants and yield. The MT3 morphotype was the best performer, with a wide plant spread (22.34±1.02 cm), longer (10.78±0.57 cm) and wider (6.28±0.21 cm) leaves, a high number of secondary branches (10.78±0.52), better achene (1.44±0.12 t/ha) and fresh haulm (10.08±0.31 t/ha) yields. Morphotype MT4 achieved the highest thousand achene weight (0.70 g), and morphotypes MT1 and MT4 recorded the highest fertile achene/flower frequencies (73%).
Conclusion: For cycle length, morphotypes MT1 and MT2 were early with 71.33±2.40 JAS and 69.00±2.52 JAS.MT1 and MT2 could be domesticated in the Sudano-Sahelian zone due to their short cycle.
Deep Learning-Based Multi-Class Pest and Disease Detection in Agricultural Fields
Authors: Pazhanivelan Sellaperumal , Ragunath K.P. , Sudarmanian N.S. , Satheesh S. , Shanmugapriya P.
Published: January 2025

Farmers and agricultural workers would manually inspect crops for signs of pests or use traps to monitor pest populations. The advent of deep learning algorithms such as vision transformers and FastAI ResNet has brought about a significant transformation in pest detection practices. These advanced algorithms leverage the capabilities of artificial intelligence to process vast amounts of data and learn intricate patterns associated with different pest species and their impact on crops. Unlike manual methods, deep learning algorithms can analyze large datasets quickly and accurately, leading to more efficient and effective pest detection. Vision transformers and FastAI ResNet stand out for their ability to continuously learn and adapt to new data, including changes in pest populations over time. This adaptability is crucial in agriculture, where pest dynamics can vary due to factors like climate conditions, environmental changes, and pest control interventions. FastAI ResNet-50 and Vision Transformers have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in classifying various disease classes, indicating their reliability and precision in detecting different pests and diseases affecting crops. Their high accuracies, ranging from 0.95 to 1.00, underscore their effectiveness in agricultural pest detection tasks. However, the study highlights challenges that arise when dealing with more classes in a classification task. Factors such as increased complexity, imbalanced data distributions, and higher-dimensional feature spaces can impact model accuracy. To address these challenges, the study recommends various strategies, including data augmentation, class balancing, robust model architectures, regularization techniques, and transfer learning. Implementing these strategies can help maintain or improve accuracy levels, ensuring that deep learning models remain effective and reliable for agricultural pest detection and disease management applications.
Opportunistic Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Lung Cancer Mortality in China
Authors: Wang Lijie , Qi Yue , Liu Ailing , Guo Xiaolei , Sun Shanshan , Zhang Lanfang , Ji Huaijun , Liu Guiyuan , Zhao Huan , Jiang Yinan , Li Jingyi , Song Chengcun , Yu Xin , Yang Liu , Yu Jinchao , Feng Hu , Yang Fujun , Xue Fuzhong
Published: December 2023

Importance

Despite the recommendations of lung cancer screening guidelines and the evidence supporting the effectiveness of population-based lung screening, a common barrier to effective lung cancer screening is that the participation rates of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among individuals with the highest risk are not large. There are limited data from clinical practice regarding whether opportunistic LDCT screening is associated with reduced lung-cancer mortality.

Objective

To evaluate whether opportunistic LDCT screening is associated with improved prognosis among adults with lung cancer in mainland China.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Weihai Municipal Hospital Healthcare Group, Weihai City, China, from 2016 to 2021. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to February 2023.

Exposures

Data collected included demographic indicators, tumor characteristics, comorbidities, blood indexes, and treatment information. Patients were classified into screened and nonscreened groups on the basis of whether or not their lung cancer diagnosis occurred through opportunistic screening.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Follow-up outcome indicators included lung cancer–specific mortality and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to account for potential imbalanced factors between groups. The associations between LDCT screening and outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression models based on the matched data with correction for lead time and length biases. Propensity score regression adjustment and inverse probability treatment weighting were used for sensitivity analysis.

Results

A total of 5234 patients (mean [SD] baseline age, 61.8 [9.8] years; 2518 [48.1%] female) with complete opportunistic screening information were included in the analytical sample, with 2251 patients (42.91%) receiving their lung cancer diagnosis through opportunistic screening. After 1:1 PSM, 2788 patients (1394 in each group) were finally included. The baseline characteristics of the matched patients were balanced between groups. Opportunistic screening with LDCT was associated with a 34% lower risk of lung cancer death (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.80) and 28% lower risk of all-cause death (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.86) after correction for lead time and length biases.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with lung cancer, opportunistic lung cancer screening with LDCT was associated with lower lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that opportunistic screening is an important supplement to population screening to improve prognosis of adults with lung cancer.
Antiplatelet Therapy, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hariri Essa , Matta Milad , Layoun Habib , Badwan Osamah , Braghieri Lorenzo , Owens A. Phillip , Burton Robert , Bhandari Rohan , Mix Doran , Bartholomew John , Schumick David , Elbadawi Ayman , Kapadia Samir , Hazen Stanley L. , Svensson Lars G. , Cameron Scott J.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Preclinical studies suggest a potential role for aspirin in slowing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression and preventing rupture. Evidence on the clinical benefit of aspirin in AAA from human studies is lacking.

Objective

To investigate the association of aspirin use with aneurysm progression and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with AAA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. Adult patients with at least 2 available vascular ultrasounds at the Cleveland Clinic were included, and patients with history of aneurysm repair, dissection, or rupture were excluded. All patients were followed up for 10 years. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to July 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Clinical outcomes were time-to-first occurrence of all-cause mortality, major bleeding, or composite of dissection, rupture, and repair. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality, and subhazard ratios competing-risk regression using Fine and Gray proportional subhazards regression was used for major bleeding and composite outcome. Aneurysm progression was assessed by comparing the mean annualized change of aneurysm diameter using multivariable-adjusted linear regression and comparing the odds of having rapid progression (annual diameter change >0.5 cm per year) using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 3435 patients (mean [SD] age 73.7 [9.0] years; 2672 male patients [77.5%]; 120 Asian, Hispanic, American Indian, or Pacific Islander patients [3.4%]; 255 Black patients [7.4%]; 3060 White patients [89.0%]; and median [IQR] follow-up, 4.9 [2.5-7.5] years) were included in the final analyses, of which 2150 (63%) were verified to be taking aspirin by prescription. Patients taking aspirin had a slower mean (SD) annualized change in aneurysm diameter (2.8 [3.0] vs 3.8 [4.2] mm per year; P = .001) and lower odds of having rapid aneurysm progression compared with patients not taking aspirin (adjusted odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89; P = .002). Aspirin use was not associated with risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79-1.07; P = .32), nor was aspirin use associated with major bleeding (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76-1.03; P = .12), or composite outcome (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93-1.45; P = .09) at 10 years.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study of a clinical cohort of 3435 patients with objectively measured changes in aortic aneurysm growth, aspirin use was significantly associated with slower progression of AAA with a favorable safety profile.
Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Following Benign Hysterectomy Among Female Patients in Korea
Authors: Seo Yong-Soo , Yuk Jin-Sung
Published: December 2023

IMPORTANCE

Prior research about the association between hysterectomy and osteoporosis risk had limitations.

OBJECTIVE

To assess osteoporosis and fracture risk among female patients who underwent hysterectomy due to benign conditions.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

In this retrospective cohort study, female patients aged 40 to 59 years with benign hysterectomy between 2003 and 2011 were selected from Korean National Health Insurance Data and matched by 1:1 propensity score with female patients who had health checkups and indicated that they had not had a hysterectomy. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze osteoporosis and fracture risk, with participants monitored until December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from July 16, 2022, to January 12, 2023.

EXPOSURES

Hysterectomy with or without adnexal surgical procedure.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The primary outcome was the risk of osteoporosis. Secondary outcomes included the risk of vertebral fracture, hip fracture, other fractures, and total fracture.

RESULTS

The study population included 25 910 patients; the median (IQR) age was 47 (44-50) years, and median (IQR) follow-up period was 10.9 (9.4-12.7) years. In the stratified-extended Cox proportional analysis, female patients who underwent hysterectomy without an adnexal surgical procedure were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis within 7 years compared with female patients who did not undergo hysterectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.37]); the analysis was divided into 7 years due to a violation of the Cox assumption, and the risk did not differ after 7 years (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.93-1.06]). However, the hysterectomy group with an adnexal surgical procedure had an association with higher risk of osteoporosis compared with the nonhysterectomy group both within 7 years of study entry (HR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.33-1.82]) and after 7 years (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.04-1.40]). In the hysterectomy group without an adnexal surgical procedure, the risks of vertebral fracture, hip fracture, and total fracture were similar to those in the nonhysterectomy group. Similar trends were observed in the hysterectomy group with an adnexal surgical procedure.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

Hysterectomy without an adnexal surgical procedure was associated with an increased osteoporosis risk within 7 years, but not afterwards, compared with the nonhysterectomy group. Hysterectomy was not associated with vertebral and hip fractures.
Controlled Stepwise Wet Etching of Polycrystalline Mo Nanowires
Authors: Saidov Khakimjon , Erofeev Ivan , Aabdin Zainul , Pacco Antoine , Philipsen Harold , Hartanto Antony Winata , Chen Yifan , Yan Hongwei , Tjiu Weng Weei , Holsteyns Frank , Mirsaidov Utkur
Published: December 2023

With the persistent downscaling of integrated circuits, molybdenum (Mo) is currently considered a potential replacement for copper (Cu) as a material for metal interconnects. However, fabricating metal nanostructures with critical dimensions of the order of 10 nm and below is challenging. This is because the very high density of grain boundaries (GBs) results in highly non‐uniform surface profiles during direct wet etching. Moreover, wet etching of Mo with conventional aqueous solutions is problematic, as products of Mo oxidation have different solubility in water, which leads to increased surface roughness. Here, a process is shown for achieving a stable and uniform soluble surface layer of Mo oxide by wet oxidation with H2O2 dissolved in IPA at −20 °C. The oxide layer is then selectively dissolved, and by repeating the oxidation and dissolution multiple times, a uniform etch profile is demonstrated with a fine control over the metal recess. Ultimately, this presents a method of precise and uniform wet etching for Mo and other metals needed to fabricate complex nanostructures that are critical in developing next‐generation electronic devices.
K4ZnV5O15Cl: A Congruent‐Melting Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal Combined with Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold
Authors: Li Wenfei , Geng Lei , Meng Changyu , Ma Shihua , Zhu Baozhu , Lan Youzhao , Wu Qi
Published: December 2023

It is extremely challenging to accomplish second‐harmonic generation (SHG) in the whole mid‐infrared (MIR) region for oxide crystals due to their short IR absorption cutoff wavelengths. Herein, a new MIR nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal of K4ZnV5O15Cl (KZVC) is designed and synthesized by the aliovalent substitution of [VIIIO5] with [ZnIIO4Cl] based on the K2(VO)(V2O7) matrix. KZVC features an ordered 2D [ZnV5O15Cl]∞ layered structure comprising [ZnO4Cl] / [VO5] square pyramids and [VO4] tetrahedron as functional units. Importantly, KZVC shows excellently balanced performances of strong SHG responses (12 × KDP @ 1064 nm, 1.1 × AgGaS2 @ 2.05 µm), broad IR transparency range (0.52‒10 µm), congruent‐melting behavior, and highest laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) (60 × AgGaS2 @ 1064 nm) among the reported vanadates. Most remarkably, KZVC represents the first example in the oxide‐based IR NLO crystals that can achieve phase matching in a wide wavelength range extending from 1.8 to 10 µm, fully covering the important MIR atmospheric windows (3‒5 µm).
Synthesis of Dihydropyrazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Heterocyclization/Carbonylation/Arylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated N‐Tosyl Hydrazones
Authors: Dantas Juliana A. , Hardy Melissa A. , Costa Mateus O. , De Oliveira Camila P. , Cabral Tadeu L. G. , Tormena Claudio Francisco , Sigman Matthew S. , Ferreira Marco A. B.
Published: December 2023

A Pd‐catalyzed heterocyclization/carbonylation/arylation cascade reaction between β,γ‐unsaturated N−Ts hydrazones and commercially available arylboronic acids as coupling partners is described, producing 2‐pyrazoline‐ketone derivatives in 11–78% yield. A detailed statistical analysis of reactivity patterns of boronic acids provided key information about the limitations of the method, highlighting the challenges of degradation pathways. Our methodology offers a tool for synthesizing diverse 2‐pyrazoline‐ketone derivatives, expanding the toolbox of accessible N−N‐heterocycles.
Detecting Abnormality of Battery Lifetime from First‐Cycle Data Using Few‐Shot Learning
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , Lai Xin , Zou Changfu , Zhou Yuanqiang , Zhu Jiajun , Zheng Yuejiu , Gao Furong
Published: December 2023

The service life of large battery packs can be significantly influenced by only one or two abnormal cells with faster aging rates. However, the early‐stage identification of lifetime abnormality is challenging due to the low abnormal rate and imperceptible initial performance deviations. This work proposes a lifetime abnormality detection method for batteries based on few‐shot learning and using only the first‐cycle aging data. Verified with the largest known dataset with 215 commercial lithium‐ion batteries, the method can identify all abnormal batteries, with a false alarm rate of only 3.8%. It is also found that any capacity and resistance‐based approach can easily fail to screen out a large proportion of the abnormal batteries, which should be given enough attention. This work highlights the opportunities to diagnose lifetime abnormalities via “big data” analysis, without requiring additional experimental effort or battery sensors, thereby leading to extended battery life, increased cost‐benefit, and improved environmental friendliness.
Quantitative analyses of RBC movement in whole blood exposed to DC and ELF electric field
Authors: Kanemaki Miki , Shimizu Hisae O. , Inujima Hiroshi , Miyake Takeo , Shimizu Koichi
Published: December 2023

For the study of biological effects of direct current (DC) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields, we have quantitatively analyzed red blood cell (RBC) movement in whole blood. Considering the inhomogeneous distribution of electric fields in vivo, five different electric field distributions were generated under a microscope. For theoretical analyses, we assumed electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis as basic motive forces and obtained the spatial distribution of blood cell velocity. The RBC velocity was measured using video image analysis. The spatial dependence of the velocity showed good agreement with that predicted by theoretical analysis. This result suggests the validity of the theoretical model based on electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis for the study of ELF electric field exposure to inhomogeneous animal and human bodies. Next, using the same measurement system, we attempted to find the electric field strength at which these effects occur. The threshold values were found to be 0.40 and 1.6 kV/m, respectively, for DC and AC electric field exposures. Furthermore, we investigated the reproducibility of the field effects in more realistic conditions of human exposure. The RBCs in microchannels were exposed to the electric field generated in capacitive coupling using electrodes separated by an air gap. Even in the new condition, similar effects were observed, which also verified the validity of the analysis described above. These results will provide useful information for the safety assessment of field exposure and for the future biomedical applications of electric fields to manipulate RBCs in vivo.
Internet‐delivered Parent–Child Interaction Therapy increases positive parenting behaviors that maintain over time
Authors: Dufrene Brad A. , LaBrot Zachary C. , Peak Lauren , Weaver Caitlyn
Published: December 2023

Young children's display of emotional and behavioral difficulties is relatively commonplace. However, if left unaddressed, these challenging behaviors have potential to develop into more serious problems. Furthermore, parents often report feeling unprepared to prevent and address their young children's emotional and behavioral difficulties. Fortunately, behavioral parent training strategies, such as Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, have been found to be effective for helping parents learn to effectively improve young children's behavior. Although effective, there are barriers to accessing behavioral parent training, such as cost, lack of transportation, and living in rural areas with limited mental and behavioral health care. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of internet‐delivered PCIT (iPCIT) on parents' use of praise, reflections, imitations, descriptions, and enjoyment/enthusiasm (PRIDE skills) with children referred for disruptive behavior. Participants in this study included three parents and their 2‐year‐old children. We used a concurrent multiple probe across participants' design to test the effects of iPCIT on parents' use of PRIDE skills and maintenance of treatment effects. Results indicated that all three parents increased their use of PRIDE skills and maintained them following termination of treatment. Results, implications, and future directions are discussed.
Leveraging yeast sequestration to study and engineer posttranslational modification enzymes
Authors: Martinusen Samantha G. , Denard Carl A.
Published: December 2023

Enzymes that catalyze posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of peptides and proteins (PTM–enzymes)—proteases, protein ligases, oxidoreductases, kinases, and other transferases—are foundational to our understanding of health and disease and empower applications in chemical biology, synthetic biology, and biomedicine. To fully harness the potential of PTM–enzymes, there is a critical need to decipher their enzymatic and biological mechanisms, develop molecules that can probe and modulate them, and endow them with improved and novel functions. These objectives are contingent upon implementation of high‐throughput functional screens and selections that interrogate large sequence libraries to isolate desired PTM–enzyme properties. This review discusses the principles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae organelle sequestration to study and engineer PTM–enzymes. These include outer membrane sequestration, specifically methods that modify yeast surface display, and cytoplasmic sequestration based on enzyme‐mediated transcription activation. Furthermore, we present a detailed discussion of yeast endoplasmic reticulum sequestration for the first time. Where appropriate, we highlight the major features and limitations of different systems, specifically how they can measure and control enzyme catalytic efficiencies. Taken together, yeast‐based high‐throughput sequestration approaches significantly lower the barrier to understanding how PTM–enzymes function and how to reprogram them.
The ‘role’ of improvisational theater in learning family therapy
Authors: Grech Sabina M.
Published: December 2023

Mastering family therapy is a core competence in the Brown child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship program. To acuminate our skills, in addition to working doing a half day per week of family therapy for the duration of our training, we have weekly family therapy seminars led by Dr. Michelle Rickerby. Most of the time, we spend the hour discussing one or two challenging cases among our class, and if there is time, allot the last 5 to 10 minutes of class to play out a particularly arduous interaction. However, once or twice a year, Dr. Rickerby invites improvisational “improv” actors from a local theater for an extended workshop on family therapy. I was fortunate that my case was chosen as a prompt for this year's workshop.
Aneurysmal dilation of sinus of Valsalva in a patient with undiagnosed acromegaly
Authors: Gharoy Hoda , Taghavi Sepideh , Ghaemmaghami Zahra , Rabiei Parham , Afzalnia Azadeh
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

In patients presenting with aortic ectasia and myxomatous valve diseases at young ages, possible underlying acromegaly should be in mind.

Acromegaly is a chronic systemic disease mainly caused by the benign pituitary adenoma secreting growth hormone (GH) in excess. Acromegaly is associated with various complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, timely diagnosis, and management of these patients could be life‐saving. Herein, a case of aneurysmal dilation of the sinus of Valsalva with severe aortic and mitral regurgitation in a patient with undiagnosed acromegaly is presented.
Enhancing Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Glycine with CuPb1ML Electrode Synthesized via Pb UPD
Authors: Broersen Pim J. L. , de Groot Thijs. , Bruggeman Didjay F. , Caarls Emma S. , Trindell Jamie A. , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Figueiredo Marta C. , Rothenberg Gadi , Garcia Amanda C.
Published: December 2023

In the field of reductive organic electrosynthesis, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered a parasitic reaction that lowers the Faradaic efficiency of the synthesis. Metals with a high overpotential for HER are often used to prevent this. However, this limits the catalytic materials that can be used in these reactions. To expand upon the scope of available electrocatalysts, we prepared a CuPb electrode via underpotential deposition (UPD). We thereby created an electrocatalyst with a single monolayer of Pb, CuPb1ML, in which Pb weight loading is only 415 ng cm−2, yet its properties could still effectively inhibit HER. The CuPb1ML electrode was used in the electrosynthesis of glycine from oxalic acid and hydroxylamine. This reaction served as a model for a C−N bond forming reaction in acidic aqueous media. The CuPb1ML electrode was compared against a pure Pb and Cu metal electrode. The CuPb1ML electrode showed a Faradaic efficiency for glycine production of 57 %, which was 9‐fold higher than Cu and rivaled the Pb electrode. The catalytic activity of CuPb1ML was 211 μmol h−1 cm−2, which is higher than both Cu and Pb. The mechanism of the electroreduction was then studied via in situ Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. These results hinted to an evolution of the electrocatalyst during the electrolysis reaction, which was then studied via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that the Pb monolayer restructured during catalysis, forming microparticles that were active in the reaction based on the listed experiments. Pb alloying into the lattice, which can occur during UPD, also lowered the HER, further facilitating glycine synthesis. Thus, our research also shows how Pb UPD impacts the catalytic properties of a metal both through monolayer deposition as well as surface alloying.
Hydroamination of Triisopropylsilyl Acetylene Sulfur Pentafluoride – a Bench‐top Route to Pentafluorosulfanylated Enamines
Authors: Wenzel Jonas O. , Jester Fabian , Togni Antonio , Rombach David
Published: December 2023

Synthetic access to a variety of aliphatic and vinylic pentafluorosulfanylated building blocks remains a major challenge in contemporary organofluorine chemistry hampering its investigation in the context of medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry and functional materials. Herein, we report a bench‐top protocol to access the virtually unknown class of α‐SF5‐enamines under mild reaction conditions in good to excellent yields (up to 95 %). This reaction combines the protodesilylation of the commercially available precursor TASP with the in situ hydroamination of HC≡C−SF5. The on‐site use of highly toxic gases or corrosive reagents is avoided, making access to this motif applicable to a wide chemical audience. The excellent E‐diastereoselectivity of this two‐step cascade reaction is suggested to be the result of the convergence of the fast Z‐/E‐ isomerization of a vinyl anion as well as the isomerization of the iminium ion. The remarkable thermal stability of these SF5‐enamines encourages further studies of their synthetic utility.