bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The current state of irrigation reclamation in the Omsk region
Authors: Timokhin A Yu , Boiko V S
Published: October 2021

The results of a survey of irrigated lands in the Omsk region are presented. As of January 1, 2021, more than 78 thousand hectares of arable land were classified as irrigated, while in fact no more than 15 thousand hectares were irrigated in recent years. For the effective use of irrigation systems in the region, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures for their repair and reconstruction. Irrigation systems, which in the past provided irrigation on 33 thousand hectares of this area, for various reasons, cannot be restored, and on 34 thousand hectares, major repairs are required.
Ecological and agrochemical features of chemical agents use on soils contaminated with cadmium and copper in the link of vegetable rotation
Authors: Litsukov S D , Kotlyarova E G , Linkov S A , Kuznetsova L N , Morozova T S , Shiryaev A V
Published: October 2021

The article presents mobility coefficients of cadmium and copper, biological absorption coefficients of toxic metals by the main products of potatoes, beetroot and beans, depending on the chemicalization agents used on black soil with a typical heavy loamy granulometric composition. The introduction of lime, the combined application of lime and manure have a positive effect on reducing the coefficient of cadmium mobility. The high content of cadmium and copper in the soil does not have a negative effect on the synthesis of basic organic substances in vegetable products (starch, sugar, protein). The accumulation of nitrates in vegetable products occurs as a result of the mineral and organic fertilizers application; heavy metals do not have a significant effect on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen during the cultivation of vegetable crops. The coefficient of biological absorption is influenced not only by lime, manure, mineral fertilizers, but also by the physiological characteristics of the crops themselves, which need toxic elements as micro and ultramicroelements for nutrition and synthesis of organic substances. The results of studies on crops of beetroot show that the application of lime, manure and the combined application of lime and manure reduce the intake of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in root crops and tops of beetroot. A double dose of mineral fertilizers reduces the intake of copper and lead, but insignificantly, and does not have a positive effect on reducing the accumulation of cadmium and zinc. On soils contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu), according to the value of biological absorption coefficient of the studied crops, heavy metals are distributed as follows: when growing potatoes - Cd> Cu; when cultivating table beet - Cu> Cd; when growing beans - Cu> Cd.
Influence of the main tillage on the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem
Authors: Nechaeva E Kh , Goryanin O I , Melnikova N A , Stepanova Yu V , Tumaeva G K
Published: October 2021

Soil fertility is largely determined by the intensity and direction of enzymatic reactions. All biological processes associated with the transformation of substances and energy in the soil are carried out with the help of enzymes that play an important role in the mobilization of plant nutrients, and also determine the intensity and direction of the most important biochemical processes associated with the synthesis and decomposition of humus, hydrolysis of organic compounds and oxidative - the restorative regime of the soil, therefore, the enzymatic activity of the soil can be used as a diagnostic indicator of soil fertility under various types of anthropogenic load. The influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation on the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem in winter wheat crops during its cultivation on a pure and green manure fallow in the conditions of the Middle Volga region has been studied. According to the results of the studies, the highest catalytic activity of ordinary chernozem in winter wheat crops for the studied enzymes (urease, invertase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) is confined to the 0-20 cm layer and is explained by the abundant location in it of the “living” root mass enriching the upper soil layer biologically active exudates that stimulate the development of microflora and activate enzymatic activity. Favorable conditions for the humification of plant residues and the accumulation of humus-like substances are formed when green manure fallow is included in the crop rotation and used as the main soil cultivation without loosening by 10-12 cm.
Influence of soil structure of newly formed agricultural landscape of recultivated landfill of municipal solid waste on its humidity
Authors: Tereshchenko T V , Tingaev A V
Published: October 2021

The objective of the study is to justify the influence of different proportions of sewage sludge introduction into the soil of a newly formed agricultural landscape on a recultivated landfill site taken out of operation. To achieve this goal it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of humidity in the recultivated areas during the growing season of 2020 under actual weather conditions. The areas were recultivated applying various technologies and the irrigation mode was introduced on the Area No. 2. This area is characterized by three types of soil: test - ordinary chernozem; a mixture of chernozem and sewage sludge; pure sewage sludge. Area No. 1 is pure wastewater sludge. The studies on humidity dynamics show that the humidity is changeable in different periods of the growing season, but in the areas with wastewater sediments, the field humidity is higher than in the test area. Thus, it can be concluded that the introduction of sewage sludge influences the structure of the resulting soil, which favorably impacts its water-retaining capacity.
Application of adsorption technology for the extraction of chlorine-containing pollutants
Authors: Gorelkina A K , Timoshchuk I V , Golubeva N S , Neverov E N , Yustratov V P
Published: October 2021

The paper conducts a comparative analysis of the adsorption capacity of a number of sorbents of different nature, production method and structure, used to extract chlorine-containing water pollutants. The main regularities, features and mechanism of trichlorethylene adsorption by sorbents were established to compare the adsorption characteristics. It was found that for trichlorethylene (TCE) weak sorbent, i.e., sorbate interaction can be a consequence of electrostatic repulsion of an organic substance molecule from polar groups on the carbon surface and adsorbed water molecules at the initial moment of adsorption. The main parameters of adsorption are calculated using the Dubinin - Radushkevich equation. The paper states that the adsorption capacity of adsorbents with respect to TCE decreases in the series PPS> AG-3 ≥ Purolat. It gives the substantiation of the choice of the sorbent for the extraction of trichlorethylene from aqueous solutions.
Analysis of methods for treatment of industrial wastewaters containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Ozerova D A , Zolkin A L , Kalyakina V M , Koval Yu N , Shamina S V
Published: October 2021

Various methods and stages of industrial wastewater treatment from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are estimated in the article. The development of technologies for the removal of toxic compounds from industrial wastewater is one of the key tasks for solving the problems of sustainable development. First of all, it is related to the fact that toxic compounds adversely affect the efficiency of wastewater treatment. They are not neutralized in natural processes, negatively affect the environment and, as a consequence the human health. Toxic compounds deplete nature’s ability to perform self purification and restoration of resources. One one of the most important resources is water. These toxic compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Analysis of hydroaeroionization efficiency in natural systems
Authors: Ramzaev A V , Garshin V I
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the problem of aeroionization in various technosphere facilities: in living quarters, study rooms, in natural environment and on the shop floor. The special attention is paid to the problem of hydroaeroionization due to its availability for implementation and potential for use for hygienic purposes. The authors carried out the experimental study in hydroaeroionization next to fountains and waterfalls. The measurements were taken with MAC-01 aeroion counter and were accompanied by the control of temperature, atmosphere pressure and relative air humidity in the area next to the controlled object. The variations in concentration of positive and negative ions in the air next to the controlled objects were less than 30%. The experimental results are consistent with the basic results of the study of balloelectric effect previously observed by other authors. The documents on development of a uniquely designed hydroaeroionizer were cited.
Standardization of food smoking production within the framework of environmental engineering
Authors: Kim E N , Glebova E V , Timchuk E G , Lapteva E P , Zayats E A
Published: October 2021

Currently, there is a fairly large number of methods and systems of production management that are successfully applied all over the world. Their use in the modern enterprise management is due to the fact that in its daily activities it must ensure not only the production of high-quality and safe products, but also take into account the environmental aspects of production, ensure the safety of workers, and look for ways to improve their production activities. This situation contributes to the convergence and unification of controls among different management systems. The development of a methodological approach to the standardization of production activities based on the integration of the requirements of general management systems, which is the basis for documenting the elements of these systems at the enterprise, undoubtedly corresponds to modern trends in production management.
Modern geoecological aspects of natural management in the mountains (on the example of the Karachay-Cherkess republic)
Authors: Adzhieva M M , Bayramkulova B O , Chomaeva M N , Urusova F A-A
Published: October 2021

The main provisions of geoecological monitoring in the organization of specially protected natural complexes on the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KChR) are considered. It is proposed, taking into account the systemic and functional properties, to organize the «Western Prielbrusye» nature reserve. In modern conditions, the territory occupied by the projected complex “Western Elbrus” can be of great importance in order to preserve the natural and historical heritage. Modern aspects of specially protected natural areas organization, presented in the form of thematic modules for monitoring mountain landscapes, will improve the geoecology of the KChR, and will also provide an information basis for optimizing nature management.
Synthesis and research of fatty acids based on local secondary petroleum products
Authors: Khujakulov Kamoliddin , Mavlanov Babaxan , Fozilov Sadriddin , Niyozova Rano , Komilov Murodillo
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the synthesis of higher fatty acids based on local secondary oil products of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the influence of various factors on their synthesis. The highest yield of fractional acids C10 - C17 during paraffin processing is observed as a result of paraffin oxidation with a boiling point of 260-350 °C. The fractional composition of the obtained fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromosome spectroscopy. The effect of the catalyst on the oxidation process on the duration of oxidation and the change in acid, ether and carbonyl numbers has been studied.
The Belogorsky reservoir hydraulic structures multifactor survey
Authors: Volosukhin Ya V , Kipkeeva P A , Borlakova F M , Chagarova L A , Chomayeva M N
Published: October 2021

The article analysed the long-term data from 2001-2015, presented by the hydraulic structures’ observation post, and the Belogorsk Reservoir and the 2016-2017 study conducted by the Hydraulic Structures Safety Engineering Consulting Center on multi-factor surveys and in-kind data analysis with their reliability assessment. As a hydraulic structures visual survey result, their structures and nodes, a defective statement is drawn up, which reflects defects, the hydraulic structures safe operation damages and violations According to the defective statement, as well as the facilities condition monitoring study results, it can be concluded that the hydraulic structures overall technical condition is assessed as satisfactory.
Cyber-physical and human control of technological process and equipment sensitive to failures
Authors: Korobeynikov A G , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: October 2021

The cyber-physical production automatizing way being studied based on ergative component implementation in the control system to regulate technological processes and equipment. The ergative component has a function of human control correcting cyber-physical systems behavior when being controlled parameters deviation is detected. Human control is necessary to ensure the technological safety of the facility and is used in the event of equipment failure to prevent emergencies and man-made catastrophes. Human control commands are realized through the man information action over the regulator mathematical model (digital twin) controlling cyber-physical systems functionality from the virtual environment. The human control parameters are defined after the cyber-physical production current situation intellectual analysis engaging expert and advising systems and providing a quality increase of the item being manufactured because of control errors operative compensation. The automatic mode requires an ergative component of supervisor function excluding human direct interaction to the processes. The ergative component automatized mode requires target marking function done by a human, which results in several actions on the control object. The control loop human temporal absence possibility is reached by solving the task of the control function distribution between the technical system ergative part and the automatics. There is a scheme given of cyber-physical production control containing an ergative component.
Key factors reducing energy consumption in gas supply
Authors: Sharipov Kakhramon , Bozorov Jurabek
Published: October 2021

The article covers the key factor reducing energy consumption in gas-transport systems of Republic of Uzbekistan when transporting natural gas, increasing the efficiency of gas pipelines during operation and rational using of energy costs, solving a number of environmental problems by effectively cleaning the internal cavity of gas pipelines from various contaminants.
The Novotroitsk tailing dump influence on the arsenic and heavy metals accumulation in living organisms
Authors: Samburova M A , Safonov V A , Rylnikova M V , Radchenko D N
Published: October 2021

To determine the Novotroitsk gold-arsenic deposit dumps influence on the ecological situation, soil samples were taken from 4 wells drilled in the tailing dump territory. The Southern Urals species plant material typical Samples were collected within a 2 m radius from the wells. Wool, muscle tissue, liver, and kidney samples were taken from the European moles caught on the dump. The comparison objects were plants and animal tissues samples from background areas at a distance of > 15 km from the tailing dump. In the samples, the elements’ contents were determined, incl. arsenic and heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Heavy metals increased content in the soil was found, and the average content of arsenic exceeded the maximum permissible concentration in soils by 1256 times. As and Hg large amounts were also found in plant samples. In the mole wool and tissues, the As accumulation was noted 181.3 - 273.9 times higher than the background values, Hg - 9.9 - 70.8 times and somewhat less pronounced - copper, lead and zinc. The research results are recommended to be taken into account when organizing reclamation and reclamation measures, as well as mining waste storage and disposal.
Development of the installation device pressing the volume of briquetted material and computer modeling of the technological process
Authors: Kobilov Khasan , Abdurakhmonov Olim , Sharipova Nazira , Adizova Madina
Published: October 2021

In this work, on the basis of systems thinking, intellectual methods for studying the pressing of briquette material are developed by constructing a mathematical and computer model of the material compaction process. The apparatus of the installation for studying the process of pressing fine coal fractions was developed. The first level of the pressing process deals with the process line for preparing and compacting the material. The second level of the hierarchy includes the devices of the technological line, including the device for pressing the material. The technique of carrying out the experiment in the apparatus of the material pressing plant is presented. On the basis of the main parameters revealed during the experiment of the process of pressing the briquette material, a mathematical model has been developed in the form of a system of equations. Using the developed mathematical model, the starting characteristic of the material compaction apparatus is studied, which characterizes the changes in the relative density of the compressed material. The change in the density of the briquette during the compaction of the material for the installation is equal to 0.25, while the density of the material increased from 600 to 724 kg / m3.
Features of sewage sludge dewatering process at the use offlocculant based on epichlorohydrinand dimethylamine
Authors: Asfandiyarova L R , Khakimova G V , Islamutdinova A A
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the use of new synthesized reagent based on epichlorohydrin(chloropropylene oxide) and dimethylamine at the mechanical sludge dewatering unit; the effect of the residual flocculant content on sludge dewatering process is determined. In particular, it was found that the use of the proposed reagent led to increase in the efficiency of settling industrial effluents at the primary settling unit up to 95%; it had a beneficial effect on further wastewater treatment at biological treatment facilities, which led to 1.5-fold decrease in the consumption of flocculant. The use of this reagent made it possible to achieve a high degree of dewatering of sewage sludge and reduce the moisture content of the formed cake from 98 to 73%. Consequently, this allowedto significantlydecrease the volume of sludge further placed in sludge collectors and to reduce the amount of land allotted for its disposal.
Synthesis of the sulfated arabinogalactan tetramethylammonium complex
Authors: Kazachenko A S , Vasilyeva N Yu , Malyar Yu N , Miroshnikova A V
Published: October 2021

Sulfated polysaccharides, due to the presence of anionic groups, are able to form complexes with positively charged molecules. This work presents the results of obtaining complexes of the sulfated polysaccharide arabinogalactan with tetramethylammonium bromide. The resulting complex was shown to be soluble in water and methylene chloride. The introduction of tetramethylammonium bromide into the molecule of sulfated arabinogalactan has been proven by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy.
The atmospheric nitrogen fixation thermodynamic probability study depending on the mixed mineral fertilizers composition
Authors: Podshivalova A K , Gogol E S
Published: October 2021

The mixed mineral fertilizers component composition effect on the binding atmospheric nitrogen thermodynamic probability in soils was studied. The studies were carried out by the physical and chemical modelling method based on the Selector software package. The systems following final indicators were calculated: the Gibbs system energy, the corresponding independent components chemical potentials, the solution components amount, the evolved gases amount, the solution pH, and the system redox potential. The results obtained in this work make it possible to conclude that the atmospheric nitrogen fixation in a nitrate ion form is thermodynamically resolved, and the problem lies in finding conditions conducive to this process implementation. It was revealed that the thermodynamic probability of atmospheric nitrogen oxidation depends both on the mineral fertilizer main component and on this component form, in particular, on its redox or acid-base characteristics. According to the modelling results, limestone as a mixed mineral fertilizers component contributes to a significant increase in the binding atmospheric nitrogen thermodynamic probability with the most oxidized form formation. The nitrogen presence in mixed mineral fertilizers in the most oxidized form (the nitrogen oxidation state is +5) can contribute to the conditions’ creation favorable for fixing atmospheric nitrogen. An increase in the urea and ammonium hydrate content in ammonia water, where nitrogen is in the maximum reduced oxidation state of -3, on the contrary, leads to a decrease in the atmospheric nitrogen binding thermodynamic probability to form oxide forms.
The effects of inactive toxins of escherichia coli on hematological parameters in animals
Authors: Tishchenko Alexander , Terekhov Vladimir , Emanuel Buabeng
Published: October 2021

Escherichiosis of calves and piglets is still a widespread infectious pathology on farms in different countries, including Russia, despite the vaccine prophylaxis of this disease. This fact testifies to the imperfection of present immunization means, the cause of which is discrepancy between antigenic composition of vaccines and etiological and pathogenetic factors responsible for the development of escherichiosis. In view of the above, the question of joint application of enterotoxins of Escherichia coli as a complex vaccine (anatoxin) becomes relevant. The question remains as to how they will affect the animal body after vaccine’s administration and what properties they will have, requiring special studies. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the effect of the mixture of inactivated enterotoxins on the leukogram of animals. As a result of studies, it was found that after the introduction of anatoxin in rats, the primary response of the immune system was expressed in the form of an increase in the quantitative presence of physiologically mature neutrophils, followed by an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells – lymphocytes. The dose of injected anatoxin also mattered: the higher was the dose, the more pronounced were the changes in the leukogram, including the changes manifested by the increased presence of eosinophils in the bloodstream. Inactivated E. coli enterotoxins had no toxic and cytopathological effects when injected into the macroorganism; at the same time, they retained their antigenic and immunostimulatory properties, which allows them to be considered a candidate for a complex vaccine.
Assessment of mtDNA variability and phylogenetic relationships of Siberian local horse breeds
Authors: Khrabrova L A , Blohina N V , Chysyma R B , Bazaron B Z , Khamiruev T N
Published: October 2021

Local horse breeds of Siberia have universal economic characteristics and good adaptive qualities. The most valuable gene pool of these breeds has been formed over the centuries, and is of considerable interest for study at the molecular genetic level. The aim of our research was to study the sequence of the hypervariable region of the D-loop of mtDNA in 88 horses of the Buraytskaya, Zabaikalskaya, Tuvinckaya, and Yakutskaya breeds. Analysis of the sequenced D-loop sequence of 530 bp was performed using the Neighbor-Joining method in combination with bootstrap analysis in the MEGA7 program. When studying the polymorphism of the hypervariable region of the D-loop of mtDNA in local horses of Siberia, we identified 16 haplogroups: A, B, C, D, E, G, I, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R, according to the modern classification. Three additional mtDNA haplogroups with a high level of bootstrap support (100%) were found in Buryatskaya horses. Sequenced fragments of the D-loop from 15471 to 16000 nucleotide positions included up to 113 polymorphic sites, mainly represented by transitions. The studied horse breeds differed among themselves in the structure of the mitochondrial genome and demonstrated a high level of diversity of haplotypes and haplogroups typical of the Mongolian population and other horses of Eurasia.
Fluctuating asymmetry of the lamina of Betula pendula Roth in the context of different cities and industrial load
Authors: Turmukhametova N V , Shadrina E G , Soldatova V Yu , Ivantsova E N
Published: October 2021

The material is collected on the territory and in the vicinity of four cities of the Russian Federation (RF) that differ in climatic conditions and anthropogenic load. A total of 20 ecotopes are distinguished, and 6000 leaves are analyzed. The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of Betula pendula Roth was assessed by five morphometric features of the lamina. One-way and multi-way ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) have been performed. The effect of three climatic and four anthropogenic factors on FA value is discussed. None of the four regions demonstrates statistically significant inter-annual differences in integrated fluctuating asymmetry (IFA). On the territory of the cities, in most ecotopes IFA is significantly higher than in natural biotopes of the same region. The analysis of the association of IFA variability and climatic and anthropogenic parameters in different ecotopes has allowed us to reveal the influence of two groups of factors, which taken together account for 89% of the changes in environmental parameters. PCA has distributed the studied ecotopes along the gradient of the anthropogenic transformation of the environment and climatic features. The greatest contribution to the ecotope variability is made by climatic factors and anthropogenic development of the region. Generally, FA of Betula pendula rises along the gradient of increasing industrial load, which makes it possible to conduct comparative biomonitoring studies, both on the territory of cities and in posttechnogenic territories.
Impact of technogenic transformation of northern taiga land-scapes on mammalian population
Authors: Vol’pert Ya L , Shadrina E G , Danilov V A , Sidorov M M
Published: October 2021

Studies of the mammalian population in the area of operation of a large mining enterprise located in the northern taiga subzone of Yakutia have been conducted. A total of 2,334 cone-days and 3,000 trap-days are accumulated, post-hunting censuses of game species are taken. The mammalian fauna in the area affected by Udachninsky GOK is represented by 27 species. The negative impact of the mining enterprise on game species of mammals is manifested as an affected zone, for fur animals its width is 1.5–4.4 km, for the moose it is over 20 km. The study area is crossed by migration routes of the wild reindeer, and the presence of an industrial facility is a permanent threat to the well-being of the Lena-Olenek population of the species. The region is characterized by low abundance levels of small mammals even outside the anthropogenically affected areas. In technogenically transformed biotopes a decrease in capture rate and biodiversity parameters is registered, especially in open biotopes. In the forest stations forest species are being replaced by herbivorous inhabitants of open areas, which results in observable changes in the community structure. On the whole, the impact of the technogenic transformation of landscapes by the mining industry is manifested in redistribution of economically valuable species across the territory and a decrease in abundance and changes in the community structure of small mammals in the affected area.
Estimation of the state and dynamics of forests in the flood zone of the Nizhneboguchanskaya HPP based on satellite imagery
Authors: Slinkina O A
Published: October 2021

The paper investigates changes in the species structure of forests over a 20-year period (2001-2020) for the zone of the alleged flooding of the Nizhneboguchanskaya HPP and adjacent areas using geographic information systems and Earth remote sensing data. Areas of forest destroyed as a result of felling and fires were identified. The paper gives a quantitative estimation of these changes. A map of the dominant tree species for the study area was obtained. The satellite imagery of medium spatial resolution (Sentinel, Landsat) was used as the initial data, as well as information products Burned Area and Forest Cover Loss of the University of Maryland based on satellite data and field research data. It was found that the number of coniferous plantations in the study area decreases. On the contrary, the proportion of non-forested areas as well as deciduous species increases.
Socio-ecological problems of reindeer protection and rational use in Taimyr and Evenkia
Authors: Savchenko A P , Muravyov A N , Savchenko P A , Dubintsov S A , Isachenko A I
Published: October 2021

The original branch of nature management of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north is domestic reindeer herding. Despite all the natural prerequisites for the favourable development of this industry in the Arctic zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, reindeer husbandry is relatively poorly developed there. Historically, the fishing farms in Taimyr, for the production of wild reindeer of the largest Taimyr-Evenk population, are the main source of economic well-being of the indigenous population. Therefore, the study of the dynamics of this population and the ways of its rational use is a priority. This work is devoted to a review of the dynamics of the removal of wild reindeer of the Taimyr-Evenk population and the factors affecting it. In the context of the modern transformation of the Arctic ecosystems, a quite reasonable question arises: can commercial reindeer husbandry remain the guarantor of the economic stability of the indigenous and small-numbered peoples of Siberia as it was in the second half of the twentieth century?
Selection of parameters of machines for collection of logging waste
Authors: Ariko Ye S , Kononovich D A , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Polyanskaya O A , Garbuzova T G , Andronov A V
Published: October 2021

The article presents a methodology for a reasonable choice of parameters of a machine for collecting of logging waste, which allows to determine the possibility of the machine’s movement depending on various design parameters and natural-production factors when performing technological operations based on an assessment of the traction and coupling properties of the base chassis. A relationship has been established to determine the resistance force to dragging of logging waste, which takes into account the taxation characteristics of the plantation (liquid stock, species composition and density of wood), the parameters of technological equipment (its width) and the peculiarities of the location of the shafts of logging waste through the average distance of passes. The results of determining the resistance force of overcoming a stump with a tooth of technological equipment of a rake type are also given. The proposed nomograms allow, based on the specified operating conditions, to determine the total force of resistance to movement from technological equipment and branches. From this value, using the graphical-analytical method, based on the type of soil, the considered layout of the base chassis and the expected speed of operations, the minimum required engine power, tangential force thrust and weight of the base chassis are established. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are given on the use of various types of base chassis, depending on the type of soil.
Palynoindication of the environment of industrial cities in the Far North
Authors: Vasilevskaya N V , Petrova N V , Domakhina A D
Published: October 2021

Data of palynological analysis of pollen of Pinus sylvestris L. under the conditions of technogenic pollution of the cities of Monchegorsk and Murmansk are presented. A high level of polymorphism of pine pollen is revealed, 11 teratomorphs are described. In samples from Murmansk, the proportion of abnormal pollen is higher than that in Monchegorsk. On the basis of the scale of ecological zoning of territories according to the content of normal pollen by N.A. Kalashnik, districts with different levels of environmental pollution are identified in the cities under investigation.
Use of unmanned aerial vehicles for automated forest fire patrols in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Yakovlev S E , Borisov A I
Published: October 2021

Within the framework of this article, the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in forests is considered. The specific object of research is the territory of the Republic of Sakha in Yakutia of the Russian Federation. The choice is explained by the size of this region - it is the largest in the country. The relevance of this article is explained by the description of the experience and principles of using UAVs in the regions of Russia. The paper also provides statistics on fires over the past 4 years, demonstrates all the main fire centers, as well as the principles of their distribution. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use several models of unmanned aerial vehicles. Each of them has certain positive and negative properties. At the same time, the article contains a calculation of the total number of drones to ensure constant monitoring of the environment. The material contains an economic justification for the use of specific aircraft in comparison with aircraft models. The conclusion contains a description of a specific model of the drone, which makes it possible to ensure the greatest efficiency of the complex of reconnaissance measures to detect fires in the region under study.
Effictive technologies for automation and robotization of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Korchevskaya O V , Makhmudov Sh R
Published: October 2021

The issues of increasing the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector through the transition to digital technologies are considered. Despite certain successes in the agricultural sector associated with state support for the digitalization of agriculture, there are still a number of unsolved technological problems. Today, the main trend in the use of digital technologies in this industry is to automate all processes of growing crops from sowing to harvesting. The article presents the results of the analysis of automation and robotization of the agro-industrial business and identifies the main directions of competitive technologies. The functional of intelligent control information systems is considered. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles. Along with its undeniable advantages, agricultural robotics is characterized by high expectations and exaggerated expectations and has a number of disadvantages. The issues of legal regulation of the process of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are considered. The analysis of the market and technologies of the agricultural sector revealed the key methods of increasing the efficiency of agriculture. Among them, one can single out the development of fundamentally new methods and approaches to agriculture, greening, design and implementation of intelligent systems and the development of robotics, training of new specialists for the development and implementation of innovative technology.
Optimization of machine-tractor parameters units for target functions with minimum costs total energy
Authors: Tsybulevsky V V , Maslov G G , Ushakov D A
Published: October 2021

The article is aimed at developing the parameters and operating modes of a multifunctional unit for the simultaneous sowing of row crops and the introduction of the main and pre-sowing solid mineral fertilizers. The minimization of the target function in terms of the total energy consumption for the process is ensured by the combination of these technological operations in combination with the substantiation of the parameters and operating modes of the proposed unit, which ensures the introduction of a new resource-saving technology for sowing row crops. The difference between the methodological approach to solving the problem lies in the use of typical traction characteristics of tractors, linking their tractive power, tractive effort, working speed, specific fuel consumption of the engine in combination with the working width of the seeding unit, its traction resistance and operating conditions: type of soil, working length of rut, capacity of the fertilizer hopper, rate of consumption of seeds and fertilizers, etc. The standard indicators used in calculating the target function are taken from the reference literature. The urgency of the problem of reducing the energy intensity of the process is determined by a further increase in the competitiveness of the field crop production, where scientifically grounded parameters of machines and their mode of operation are of decisive importance. The regularities of the process and the dependence of the optimization criterion on the parameters and operating modes of the proposed multifunctional unit, obtained as a result of the research, make it possible not only to obtain their optimal value, but also to outline further directions for improving the design.
Application of adaptive tire pressure control system in agricultural robots
Authors: Barbashov N N , Shanygin S V , Barkova A A
Published: October 2021

Recently, robotics has been actively introduced into the agricultural industry. Many different field works related to sowing, processing and harvesting are efficiently carried out by various robotic systems. However, the need for frequent movement between fields, increased productivity and power of equipment, the use of additional tools to perform various works leads to an increase in the mass of the robot itself. The sealing effect of agricultural robot running systems has long been considered a serious problem. The proposed method of adaptive control of tyre pressure allows to reduce negative impact of agricultural robot on soil without deterioration of its dynamic and economic parameters.
Design of the gauge plug for inspection of the diameters of bushing bores of the intermediary shaft for the repairs of engines for agricultural machinery
Authors: Shkaruba N Zh , Leonov O A , Temasova G N , Vergazova Yu G , Panin A V
Published: October 2021

This article contains substantiation of the improvement of inspection instruments used for the repairs of farming machinery during incoming quality inspection, in-process inspection, and acceptance testing. The design of a gauge plug has been developed for repairs and with the purpose of inspection of bushing bores of the intermediary shaft bearing with the diameter of Ø48.8F7 for ZMZ engines. The manufacturing tolerance for go-side and no-go side has been determined. The deviation of the middle of the tolerance range in relation to the smallest limiting size of the gauge plug was 3.5 μm. The permissible overrun of a worn-out of the gogauge outside of the tolerance range border was – 3 μm. The manufacturing tolerance for the size of the check caliper gauge has also been determined and limiting dimensions of the check gauge have been calculated. Taking into account the values derived a layout for the gauge plug tolerance range has been developed in order to inspect the bushing bores of the intermediary shaft bearing with the diameter of Ø48,8+0,050
+0,0025.
Censuring the durability of foundations of buildings and structures
Authors: Kholova Nodira , Abdullaev Ravshan
Published: October 2021

The article covers the results of field full-scale experimental research aimed at revealing the effect of horizontal waterproofing structures of walls on the capillary rise of moisture. Conclusions and recommendations for waterproofing walls using local materials have been given. Based on comparative comparisons of the results of experiments, the article covers that the rise of moisture along the wall is significantly less in the case of laying marble or concrete tiles on waterproofing sand-cement mixtures.
Structure of control sensors of multi-phase reactive power currents in power supply systems
Authors: Kh Siddikov I , Chelyshkov P D , Abubakirov A B , Nazhimatdinov N M , Zh Tanatarov R
Published: October 2021

In this work, collected and distributed algorithms for parametric research and models of the process of converting reactive power sources in power supply systems (PSS) into a secondary signal Uoutput - the output voltage based on electromagnetic sensors are developed. Based on a graphical model of the modification process and sensor structure, it provided clarity and high formalization.
Combined solar drying plant continuous operation
Authors: Komilov Ochil , Mukhamadova Anzura
Published: October 2021

Studies of the drying processes of various vegetables and fruits were carried out in order to intensify the process, as well as the results of experiments conducted on a combined solar drying plant. The relations between the amounts of heat used to heat the material and the evaporation of water from the material for low-temperature drying conditions are determined. Calculated studies to determine the change in temperature and humidity conditions along the length of the drying chamber are presented.
Determination of working indicators of New Holland TS-5060 combine for soy bean harvesting
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Umirov A T , Sultanbekova P S , Alpamyssova G B
Published: October 2021

The results of experimental researches to determine the working indicators of the New Holland TS-5060 combine for soybean crop harvesting are given. According to the results of performed experiments to determine the working indicators of the New Holland TS-5060 grain harvester in soy bean harvesting process, the main time yield of the harvester combine was determined at 1.4 hectare/hour, the grain yield was defined at 96.5 per cent, and the loss in the combine thresher unit was at 0.6 per cent, it was found to be at the level of demand, however the grain loss and grain damage on the combine harvester were slightly higher than the specified requirements. That is why, it is recommended to use the number of revolutions of the combine pick-up reel in the range of 25-30 rpm, the number of revolutions of the threshing drum in the range of 750-800 rpm. Average square deviation and variation coefficient of these indicators are shown in following tables.
Investigation of the interaction of the working bodies of the soil harvesting machine with the greenhouse soil when removing the sanitary layer
Authors: Vezirov A O , Pavlov P I , Levchenko A V
Published: October 2021

Growing plants organically in greenhouse industry involves a lot of work with greenhouse soil. After a certain period of operation of the greenhouse soil, its complete or partial replacement is required. To mechanize this process, a newly designed soil harvesting machine with a moldboard working body has been developed. One of the main indicators characterizing the work of the soil harvesting machine is the power required to carry out the technological process of removing the soil layer from the greenhouse. The analysis of the interaction of working bodies with the soil layer is carried out. Theoretical studies have obtained analytical expressions to determine the power required for effective removal of greenhouse soil. Experimental studies have made it possible to confirm the reliability of the theoretical provisions and to establish the effect of the height of the greenhouse soil layer and the forward speed on the total thickness. Also, as a result of processing the experimental data, a regression equation and graphical dependence were obtained. The established equations and dependencies make it possible to determine the power required to drive the soil harvesting machine at various values of the height of the removed soil layer and the forward speed.
Research of seeding fulfilled with the help of stud-roller feed
Authors: Bulavintsev R A , Golovin S I , Sevostyanov A L , Volzhentsev A V , Stebakov V A , Kozlov A V
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to increasing the quality of grain seeds distribution in a row using various parameters of the stud roller with new studs bent off to the side rotation, and also contains the results of theoretical and experimental investigations. In the frames of this investigation the optimal parameters of experimental seed wheel were defined, the factors influencing seed feed were identified, the formula of full working volume of seeds, thrown out by feeding mechanism per one rotation of roller, was generated, the following dependencies were detected: dependence of seed feed on quantity of roller studs, seed feed - on frequency of roller shaft rotation and seed feed - on degree of valve opening. The usage of the suggested seed-feeding device will help to reduce traumatization of seeds and pulsation of its flow, to increase equal distribution of seeds in the row.
Development of a pneumatic drum-type seeding apparatus for two-row seeding soybean and mung bean
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Baimakhanov K A , Alpamyssova G B , Babojanov A B
Published: October 2021

Developed pneumatic sowing device of drum type for two-line sowing of soybean and mung bean seeds and study its technological process of work sowing bean seeds. When developing the design of a pneumatic drum-type sowing device for two-line sowing of seeds, methods were used for designing seeders and their working bodies, methods for calculating sowing devices and pneumatic systems. The experiments were carried out in accordance with State Standards 31345-2007 and State Standards 20915-2011. In the course of research, it was determined that taking into account the size of soybean seeds and their seeding rates, the diameter of the suction holes of the seeding drum can be taken dt = 4.5 mm, the diameter of the seeding drum D = 230 mm, the pitch between the suction holes of the drum should be t ≥ 11.21 mm, and holes in the seeding drum number z ≤ 55 pieces. At a seeder speed Vc = 2.1 m/s, a drum diameter with suction holes D = 0.230 m, a hole pitch t = 0.011 m, the drum speed is n = 0.377 s−1 or n = 22.6 rpm. With these parameters, on the developed pneumatic sowing device, the distance between the seeds was 119.0 mm, and between the rows 207.8 mm at their specified values, respectively, 120 mm and 200 mm. The developed sowing device, on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, ensures sowing of soybean seeds with a deviation from the specified distances between seeds ± 6.8 mm and between rows ± 4.5 mm and meets the requirements.