bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spain’s Action to Control and Suppress Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Oanta Gabriela A.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to address the evolution of Spain’s action to fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing during the last thirty years, as well as its future prospects. Currently, Spain strictly complies with the provisions of the international fisheries law and the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy. In addition, Spain adopted a complex and diverse normative framework, which allows it to establish administrative sanctions against various Spanish individuals and fishing companies, which are suspected of being involved in IUU fishing activities. Moreover, Spanish legal courts and tribunals had to adjudicate in a few cases occasioned by IUU activities. This article analyses the Spanish current legal framework regarding controlling and suppressing IUU fishing, as well as the enforcement of the legal norms in Spain by the public authorities with competences in this field and by the Spanish courts and tribunals.
Jews in the Twentieth-Century Iran: A Review Essay
Authors: Ram Haggai
Published: March 2019

The paper presents a review of a monograph by Lior Sternfeld, Between Iran and Zion, published recently on Jewish histories in 20th-century Iran. The author analyses this book within the context of previous scholarship on Iranian Jews and other Middle Eastern Jewries.
The Unit and Currency of Egalitarian Concern
Authors: O’Brien David
Published: March 2019

According to (welfarist) telic egalitarianism, it is, in one respect, noninstrumentally bad if some people are unfairly worse off than others. This paper is about two ambiguities in telic egalitarianism. The first ambiguity concerns the so-called temporal unit of egalitarian concern (McKerlie 1989; Temkin 1993). This is the question of whether inequality during whole lives, inequality during certain segments of lives, or some combination of these, is what generates egalitarian concern. The second ambiguity concerns the so-called currency of welfarist egalitarian concern (McKerlie 2001; Adler 2012). In the present context, this is the question of whether inequality in overall welfare, inequality in some of the constituents of welfare, or some combination of these, is what generates egalitarian concern. In this paper I argue that the debates about how these two ambiguities are to be resolved are not unrelated. The same reasons that, according to some telic egalitarians, support rejecting the whole-lives-only view about the temporal unit of egalitarian concern support rejecting the overall-welfare-only view about the currency of welfarist egalitarian concern.
Using Things as Art
Authors: Hick Darren Hudson
Published: March 2019

Secured to a table in my living room is an antique apple peeler—a cast iron 19th century mechanical contrivance that I gave my wife for her birthday some years ago. This thing is not art. At the very least, I do not believe it is art. Yet my wife and I do not use it as an apple peeler; we use it as art. Indeed, my living room is filled with things that we are using as art—some artifacts, some natural objects—but my living room is not filled with art. This is not, I think, all that unusual a phenomenon. Indeed, I believe this is a widespread phenomenon occurring at the blurry line between art and non-art, especially in the home. However, exactly what it means to use a thing as art without thus believing it is art, and without it being (or thus becoming) art, is not a straightforward matter, especially given the many functions of art today, and their functional overlap with non-art. In this essay, I investigate the notion of using a thing—specifically a non-art thing, whether an artifact or otherwise—as art, and the importance of this notion both inside and outside of philosophy..
Spiritual Nontroversies: Framing Conflicts and Controversies of Religion and Spirituality in Danish News Media
Authors: Christensen Henrik Reintoft
Published: March 2019

This article analyzes two Danish news stories in order to discuss the reasons that spirituality seems to be less newsworthy than religion. Drawing on Anderson’s concept of imagined communities, and Luhmann’s account of the mass media in a modern functionally differentiated society, I argue that spirituality seldom registers as controversial in the news stories. It lacks the scale necessary to be selected as newsworthy. Additionally, it is not a natural source of systemic irritation for many subsystems, probably only for the systems of religion and science. The two cases involves media controversies on news production on mindfulness in the health system and on the use of animal telepathy in the majority church.
“No More Apologies”: Violence as a Trigger for Public Controversy over Islam in the Digital Public Sphere
Authors: Sumiala Johanna , Harju Anu A.
Published: March 2019

This article investigates how violence associated with religion, here namely Islam, functions as a trigger for public controversy in the Turku stabbings that took place in Finland in 2017. We begin by outlining the Lyotard-Habermas debate on controversy and compound this with current research on the digital public sphere. We combine cartography of controversy with digital media ethnography as methods of collecting data and discourse analysis for analysing the material. We investigate how the controversy triggered by violence is constructed around Islam in the public sphere of Twitter. We identify three discursive strategies connecting violence and Islam in the debates around the Turku stabbings: scapegoating, essentialisation, and racialisation. These respectively illustrate debates regarding blame for terrorism, the nature of Islam, and racialisation of terrorist violence and the Muslim Other. To conclude, we reflect on the ways in which the digital public sphere impacts Habermasian consensus- and Lyotardian dissensus-oriented argumentation.
Effects of Sea Spray on the Dynamics and Microphysics of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Shpund J. , Khain A. , Rosenfeld D.
Published: March 2019

The effect of sea spray particles (SSP) on the intensity and microphysical structure of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with a new spectral bin microphysics package. The SSP size distribution in the hurricane boundary layer is calculated using a Lagrangian–Eulerian bin-microphysics model (LEM) with high spatial resolution and extremely high drop size resolution. Sea spray ascending in updrafts within the eyewall of a TC dramatically increases the concentration of cloud drops within a wide range of sizes and decreases the effective drop radius to the values typical of polluted continental clouds. At the same time, the presence of spray drops of a few hundred microns in radii trigger intense rain just above cloud base. As a result, sea spray creates clouds that have a unique combination of maritime and continental properties. Outside the eyewall, clouds remain extremely maritime. SSP are shown to increase substantially the maximum vertical velocity, the cloud water content, and the mass contents of ice particles within the eyewall. As a result, SSP lead to TC intensification, axis symmetrization, and a decrease in eyewall radius. We found a new mechanism where wind-generated sea spray particles invigorate the inner cloud bands by nucleating more cloud droplets, which leads to more water vapor condensation and greater latent heating. The dependence of this process on surface wind speed constitutes a positive feedback loop that can lead to higher hurricane intensity. The results of simulations of cloud microstructure in the hurricane eyewall are supported by observations.
The Flow through the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Candela J. , Ochoa J. , Sheinbaum J. , López M. , Pérez-Brunius P. , Tenreiro M. , Pallàs-Sanz E. , Athié G. , Arriaza-Oliveros L.
Published: March 2019

Four years (September 2012 to August 2016) of simultaneous current observations across the Yucatan Channel (~21.5°N) and the Straits of Florida (~81°W) have permitted us to investigate the characteristics of the flow through the Gulf of Mexico. The average transport in both channels is 27.6 Sv (1 Sv = 106m3s−1), in accordance with previous estimates. At the Straits of Florida section, the transport related to the astronomical tide explains 55% of the observed variance with a mixed semidiurnal/diurnal character, while in the Yucatan Channel tides contribute 82% of the total variance and present a dominant diurnal character. At periods longer than a week the transports in the Yucatan and Florida sections have a correlation of 0.83 without any appreciable lag. The yearly running means of the transport time series in both channels are well correlated (0.98) and present a 3-Sv range variation in the 4 years analyzed. This long-term variability is well related to the convergence of the Sverdrup transport in the North Atlantic between 14.25° and 18.75°N. Using 2 years (July 2014–July 2016) of simultaneous currents observations in the Florida section, the Florida Cable section (~26.7°N), and a section across the Old Bahama Channel (~78.4°W), a mean northward transport of 28.4, 31.1, and 1.6 Sv, respectively, is obtained, implying that only 1.1 Sv is contributed by the Northwest Providence Channel to the mean transport observed at the Cable section during this 2-yr period.
Tornadogenesis and Early Tornado Evolution in the El Reno, Oklahoma, Supercell on 31 May 2013
Authors: Bluestein Howard B. , Thiem Kyle J. , Snyder Jeffrey C. , Houser Jana B.
Published: March 2019

This study documents the formation and part of the early evolution of a large, violent tornado near El Reno, Oklahoma, based on data from a mobile, polarimetric, rapid scan, X-band, Doppler radar. The main circulation associated with the tornado formed near the ground initially, ~90 s prior to the development of the vertically coherent vortex, which built upward through a vertical column of at least 3.5 km in less than 20 s, the update time of the Doppler radar data. Strong but broad rotation from 500 m to 1.5 km AGL also preceded the formation of the tornado at the surface by several minutes. A precipitation-loaded downdraft was observed in the right-forward flank of the storm, which could have enhanced evaporative cooling and allowed for a faster rate of baroclinic generation of low-level horizontal vorticity, while descending reflectivity cores in the right-rear quadrant might have enhanced low-level convergence to the rear of or along the leading edge of the rear-flank gust front. The intensification of the tornado occurred in spurts, not steadily, perhaps owing to surges in momentum at the surface associated with the precipitation-laden downdrafts. The tornado was highly tilted even when it was intensifying, calling into question the importance of a vertical juxtaposition of the mesocyclone aloft and the tornado at the surface. In this case study, while the development of a weak-echo hole was evidence of rotation, the absence of one did not mean that there was not a strong vortex, owing to the lofting of debris.
Beyond the Walls: The Importance of Community Contexts in Immigration Detention
Authors: Ryo Emily , Peacock Ian
Published: March 2019

Immigration detention facilities are commonly assumed to be insulated microcosms that maintain their existence separate and apart from the surrounding communities. Yet detention facilities are not hermetically sealed institutions. Drawing on unique and comprehensive data pertaining to all individuals held in immigration detention in the United States in fiscal year 2015, this study explores for the first time the importance of community contexts in immigration detention. Our multivariable analyses show a significant relationship between the characteristics of communities in which the facilities are located and detention length for individuals who were released pending the completion of their removal proceedings. Specifically, we find that the presence of legal service providers and social support networks in the communities is associated with shorter detention length, controlling for a variety of individual characteristics and contextual factors. These findings highlight the need for research on the social ecology of immigration detention—research that moves beyond the walls of detention facilities to consider the broader legal, social, and political contexts of surrounding communities in investigating the nature and consequences of immigration detention.
Age and Sex Differences in Overuse Injuries Presenting to Pediatric Sports Medicine Clinics
Authors: Valasek Amy Elizabeth , Young Julie A. , Huang Lihong , Singichetti Bhavna , Yang Jingzhen
Published: March 2019

Pediatric overuse injuries present with a gradual mechanism of onset and an underlying pathogenesis of microtrauma. We evaluated the clinical presentation of pediatric sports injuries to determine if differences exist between age and sex. A retrospective chart review was performed over a 6-year period; 6593 overuse injuries were included with the mean age of 13.4 years. Males presented with a greater proportion of apophysis, physis, and articular cartilage injuries ( P < .01). Females presented with greater bone, tendon, and “other” injuries ( P < .01). Children <9 years of age demonstrated apophysis and physis injuries. Conversely, children older than 15 years of age presented with tendon, bone, bursa, and other ( P < .01) overuse injuries. A significant number of pediatric athletes in this cohort reported playing through pain prior to clinical evaluation. Injury prevention programs need to educate children, and a red flag should be raised when pediatric athletes are participating with pain.
Spatiotemporal Association Between Temperature and Assaults: A Generalized Linear Mixed-Model Approach
Authors: Jung Yeondae , Kim Dohyeong , Piquero Alex R.
Published: March 2019

We aim to analyze the association between temperature and assault at highly disaggregated spatial units with great temporal resolution to investigate their spatiotemporal dynamics. We applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to assault and weather data from 2015, aggregated weekly at 424 subdistricts in Seoul, South Korea, controlling for various socioeconomic and environmental variables. Analyses revealed a positive and significant linear association between temperature and assaults and a few small but significant interaction effects that relate to an increase in assaults. A more enhanced understanding of the spatiotemporal relationship between temperature and crime would provide useful implications for targeted crime prevention and resource allocations.
The resilience potential of different refugee reception approaches taken during the ‘refugee crisis’ in Amsterdam
Authors: Rast Maria Charlotte , Younes Younes , Smets Peer , Ghorashi Halleh
Published: March 2019

The so-called refugee crisis in 2015/2016 created opportunities for faith-based organizations, community initiatives, volunteers and refugees to get actively involved in refugee reception in Amsterdam. This study investigated the resilience potential of three refugee reception approaches that were taken during that transformative period: those of a semi-governmental organization (COA), a faith-based organization (The Salvation Army) and a community initiative ( Hoost). Based on qualitative data, the article shows that the nexus of regulations and flexibility in crisis responses impacts the ability to employ multiple local resources and thus predetermines the capacity to adopt resilient solutions to refugee reception during crises. The authors plead for daring governmental efforts that acknowledge, connect and facilitate the innovative power of local communities, faith-based organizations, volunteers and refugees in the refugee reception process without further withdrawals of state responsibility for refugee reception. However, it is crucial that such innovative efforts integrate and learn from existing knowledge to prevent mistakes from being repeated.
Gear Manufacturers as Contestants in Sports Competitions: Breeding and Branding Returns
Authors: van Everdingen Yvonne , Hariharan Vijay Ganesh , Stremersch Stefan
Published: March 2019

Several manufacturers make substantial investments to compete in sports contests, using the gear they develop and market. However, no systematic analysis of the breeding (i.e., innovation) and branding (i.e., marketing) returns from such investments exists. In this study, the authors conceptualize and empirically estimate the breeding and branding returns that such manufacturers obtain. The authors gather data for 30 car brands of 16 manufacturers over the period 2000–2015 regarding their participation, spending, and performance in Formula One championships, annual patent citations, and research-and-development (R&D) budgets as well as monthly vehicle registrations, advertising expenditures, and Formula One TV viewership. The authors find that only gear manufacturers with relatively high levels of R&D spending obtain a positive and significant breeding return from competing in sports contests. While most brands obtain positive branding returns, the lower the level of advertising spending for the brand, the greater the branding returns they obtain from competing in these contests. Thus, research-intense (compared with advertising-intense) gear manufacturers have more to gain from competing in sports contests. These findings can help guide manufacturers in budget allocation decisions on sports competitions, R&D, and advertising.
The Discursive Construction of Solidarity: Analysing Public Claims in Europe’s Migration Crisis
Authors: Wallaschek Stefan
Published: March 2019

This article proposes a new approach to solidarity. Previous research has focused on macro-structural and micro-behavioural aspects of solidarity, overlooking that solidarity is discursively constructed by actors on the meso-level. The meso approach to solidarity consists of two key dimensions: meaning and scale. The meaning of solidarity characterises its content. The scale of solidarity indicates who is encompassed by solidarity. This approach is applied by analysing meanings and scales of solidarity in the German media discourse on Europe’s migration crisis from 2010 to 2015. The discourse network analysis is deployed to study the co-occurrence of meanings and scales of solidarity. The results indicate that political and cultural solidarity are the most dominant meanings and they are mostly linked to the intergovernmental and transnational scale of solidarity. The number of claims to political solidarity on the intergovernmental level of the European Union increases in 2015, signalling the greater relevance of creating a solidary institutional mechanism in the migration crisis. The article contributes to recent discussions on solidarity as well as the public framing of Europe’s migration crisis.
Recent developments in the synthesis and stability of metal ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Imran Din Muhammad , Rafique Faria , Hussain Muhammad Sadaf , Arslan Mehmood Hafiz , Waseem Sadia
Published: March 2019

This article presents a comprehensive review on the synthesis and stability of ferrite nanoparticles such as nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4), zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4), iron ferrite (Fe2O3), cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and also mixed nanoparticles. Different synthetic methods for ferrite nanoparticles have been reviewed such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and sonochemical methods. The effect on the stability of different capping agents like canola oil, glycerol, sodium dodecyl, sodium citrate, oleic acid, Triton-100 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonates has also been studied.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impact on human health, wildlife and the environment
Authors: Encarnação Telma , Pais Alberto ACC , Campos Maria G , Burrows Hugh D
Published: March 2019

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a group of pollutants that can affect the endocrine system and lead to diseases and dysfunctions across the lifespan of organisms. They are omnipresent. They are in the air we breathe, in the food we eat and in the water we drink. They can be found in our everyday lives through personal care products, household cleaning products, furniture and in children’s toys. Every year, hundreds of new chemicals are produced and released onto the market without being tested, and they reach our bodies through everyday products. Permanent exposure to those chemicals may intensify or even become the main cause for the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. In recent years, legislation and regulations have been implemented, which aim to control the release of potentially adverse endocrine disrupting chemicals, often invoking the precautionary principle. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of research on environmental aspects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effects on human health, based on evidence from animal and human studies. Emphasis is given to three ubiquitous and persistent groups of chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides, and on two non-persistent, but ubiquitous, bisphenol A and phthalates. Some selected historical cases are also presented and successful cases of regulation and legislation described. These led to a decrease in exposure and consequent minimization of the effects of these compounds. Recommendations from experts on this field, World Health Organization, scientific reports and from the Endocrine Society are included.
Constructing School Belonging(s) in Disadvantaged Urban Spaces: Adolescents’ Experiences and Narratives in Mexico City
Authors: Saraví Gonzalo A. , Bayón María Cristina , Azaola Marta Cristina
Published: March 2019

School belonging is a topic of growing interest given its connection with school dropout, academic achievement, students’ behavior, and adolescent well-being. Until recently, most of this literature came from Anglo-Saxon contexts, mainstream schools, and quantitative analysis. As a result, there is still a research gap on this issue in different cultural contexts, social classes, and minority groups. This article makes a contribution exploring school belonging among adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds, in an emerging economy (Mexico), and using a qualitative methodology that prioritize meanings and experiences of individuals. Focusing on three dimensions (stigmatization processes, school climate, and social relations with teacher and peers), we capture how the engagement of adolescents with their schooling process is shaped by institutional as well as sociocultural aspects. The study provides significant implications for a continuous professional development of high schools in disadvantaged contexts regarding student involvement, teacher support, and social recognition.
Social and Economic Status of Backward Muslims in Uttar Pradesh: Need for an Inclusive Policy?
Authors: Alam Tosib , Kumar Surinder
Published: March 2019

Since Independence, the performance of Muslims, particularly OBC Muslims, in education, organised private sector and more importantly in government decision-making institutions has remained unsatisfactory in Uttar Pradesh. It has resulted in a sense of neglect, and discrimination leading to some levels of social tensions within the community. To tackle this situation, the solution lies in facilitating interventions from both within and outside the political system. The article focusses on examining the socio-economic status, employment, educational status and political representation of Muslim OBCs. It attempts to evaluate issues related to 27 per cent reservation for OBCs, an advantage which has more or less bypassed Muslim OBCs. Finally, our study suggests measures for the inclusion of this category in the development agenda of the state government.
Book review: Walter Fernandes, Veronica Pala, Gita Bharali and Bitopi Dutta, The Development Dilemma: Displacement in Meghalaya 1947–2010
Authors: Sarma Atul
Published: March 2019

Walter Fernandes, Veronica Pala, Gita Bharali and Bitopi Dutta, The Development Dilemma: Displacement in Meghalaya 1947–2010. Guwahati: North-Eastern Social Science Research Centre, 2016, 396 pp., ₹600, ISBN: 978-81-89762-56-8.
Book review: Jairam Ramesh, Intertwined Lives—P. N. Haksar and Indira Gandhi
Authors: Khare Harish
Published: March 2019

Jairam Ramesh, Intertwined Lives—P. N. Haksar and Indira Gandhi. New Delhi, Simon & Schuster, 2018, 560 pp., ₹799. ISBN 978-93-86797-26-1 (Hardbound).
Book review: Laurence Cox and Alf Gunvald Nilsen, We Make Our Own History: Marxism and Social Movements in the Twilight of Neoliberalism and Alf Gunvald Nilsen, Politics from Below: Essays on Subalternity and Resistance in India
Authors: Jha Pushpanjali
Published: March 2019

Laurence Cox and Alf Gunvald Nilsen, We Make Our Own History: Marxism and Social Movements in the Twilight of Neoliberalism. New Delhi: Aakar Books, 2017, 254 pp., ₹550, ISBN 9789350024720.

Alf Gunvald Nilsen, Politics from Below: Essays on Subalternity and Resistance in India. New Delhi: Aakar Books, 2017, 228 pp., ₹695, ISBN 9789350025000.
Book review: Shashi Tharoor, Why I am a Hindu
Authors: Pinisetti Supriya Rao
Published: March 2019

Shashi Tharoor, Why I am a Hindu. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company, 2018, 302 pp., ₹699, ISBN 978-9386021106.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana: A Paper Tiger
Authors: Ghosh Sourindra M. , Qadeer Imrana
Published: March 2019

The current budgetary allocation of ₹20 billion under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) is grossly inadequate. Our paper estimates that in the current fiscal year, the scheme will require an allocation of at least ₹420.73 billion to be able to give any meaningful coverage to 0.1 billion targetted families. This paper argues that such an expensive tertiary sector- led medical care coverage model is not the correct approach to ensure Universal Health Care (UHC) in India. A majority of illnesses are treatable at the primary level and an unbalanced promotion of the tertiary sector while neglecting primary healthcare will cause a delay in treatments, resulting in more complex and expensive medical interventions. What India urgently needs is to develop a comprehensive primary healthcare system.
Universalisation of Secondary Education: Questions for Discussion and Debate
Authors: Jahan Rounaq
Published: March 2019

The paper highlights key challenges facing the Government of India’s welcome initiative of Universalisation of Secondary Education. The challenges identified are in five areas: political will and social commitment, policy design and implementation, quality, inequality and governance. Five broad questions are raised for deliberation and debate. First, how adequate is the level of political will and social commitment to universalise secondary education? Second, how realistic and implementable are this designs of the recent initiatives announced by the Government of India? Third, are the planned measures to improve the quality of education adequate to produce the desired outcomes? Fourth, are the recommended interventions to reduce inequality likely to produce equitable outcomes by 2020? And finally, are the measures planned by the initiatives to improve governance sufficient and appropriate?
Employment Opportunities Across Social Classes in Rural India
Authors: Deb Surajit
Published: March 2019

In the second part of the Social Change Indicator series, we provide information from government survey data on the work opportunities for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and non-SC-ST class in the rural India. 1 Our data refers to 18 states which covers more than 95 per cent of the SC or ST population in the country.

 The generation of employment continues to remain one of the key political economic challenges in India despite the achievements of its high economic growth rates in the past two decades. The problem remains complicated due to the nature of the country’s labour market that is characterised by skill shortages, dominance of low-paid jobs in the informal and unorganised sectors and vulnerable employments. The government has recently set up a task force to address deficiencies in the existing data on employment and plans to outline a National Employment Policy (NEP) for the creation of quality jobs through economic, social and labour policy interventions. The NEP claims that it will also provide a much-needed focus on equal access to employment opportunities for marginalised sections like the SCs and STs by identifying skill shortages, training needs and available employment opportunities. Given social class differences in India, it is sometimes hypothesised that social exclusion and discrimination remain a common phenomenon in the labour market of different states in India.
Gender and Public Organization: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Inclusion on Experiencing and Reporting Wrongful Behavior in the Workplace
Authors: Yu Helen H. , Lee David
Published: March 2019

Most public organizations share values and beliefs and socially constructed patterns of action that guide the behavior of their employees, resulting in their unique organizational culture. Existing literature on police organizations describes an unmistakable culture that celebrates masculine values and a social structure that exists purposely and specifically to repress female officers. Using a survey data set of 1,114 female federal law enforcement officers, this research employs coarsened exact matching to examine perceived inclusion and its effects on women experiencing disrespect by male colleagues and incidences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. In addition, reporting behavior is captured for female officers who experience wrongful conduct. The study finds that women who report working in an inclusive organizational culture are less likely to experience pervasive negative attitudes from their male colleagues or occurrences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. However, the existence of an inclusive organizational culture did not show a significant difference in reporting sexual harassment or sexual discrimination if women experienced such wrongful behavior.
Psychometric Properties of the Future Time Perspective Scale for the Turkish Population: Age Differences in Predictors of Time Perspective
Authors: Soylu Cem , Ozekes Banu C.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS-T) and examine age-group differences in the predictors of respondents’ future time perspective. Data were collected from a sample of 202 young adults (aged 18–28 years) and 127 community-dwelling older adults (aged 60–86 years). The internal consistency and test–retest methods were employed to assess the reliability of the FTPS-T, and the FTPS-T’s validity was assessed using construct- and criterion-related validity. The reliability and validity analyses demonstrated that the FTPS-T had satisfactory psychometric properties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the strongest predictor of future time perspective in young adults was subjective psychological health, whereas chronological and subjective (i.e., physical) ages were stronger predictors among older adults. These findings indicate that subjective variables shape the perceptions of a lifetime, and the results are discussed in the context of socioemotional selectivity theory.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans Aging in a U.K. Context: Critical Observations of Recent Research Literature
Authors: Almack Kathryn , King Andrew
Published: March 2019

In this article, we provide critical observations of empirical research from leading U.K. researchers relating to the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans older adults. We suggest learning that may be applied in differing global contexts as well as contributing to the development of an international evidence base. We illustrate the importance of paying attention to distinct health and care systems and legislation, which present global differences as well as similarities in terms of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans people’s perceptions and access to resources. With this contextual background, we then discuss the cutting-edge U.K. research in this field from 2010 onward. We identify key strengths including the contribution our evidence has made to policy and practice and the development of theoretical insights such as the impact of intersectionality. The article concludes with a discussion of future research in this field which has relevance at national and international levels.
Development of the Relational Ageism Scale: Confirmatory Test on Survey Data
Authors: Gendron Tracey , Inker Jennifer K. , Andricosky Rachel , Zanjani Faika
Published: March 2019

The objective of the study is to test a refined measure of attitudes about aging as a multidimensional construct reflective of a relational process that includes personal identity (i.e., beliefs about oneself), social identity (i.e., self-conception based on group membership), and collective identity (i.e., self-conception based on comparison of groups) as well as capturing awareness of ageism and its impact. Researchers refined the Aging Anxiety Scale and recruited a convenience sample of 329 participants via a social media platform. A principal component factor analysis revealed the specification of three latent factors: personal, relational, and collective aging anxiety. Awareness of ageism as a problem in society was lower than awareness of other forms of discrimination, and awareness of the negative impacts of ageism was low. The findings support the incorporation of this new measure of relational aging anxiety as a by-product of social identity and construction in future ageism studies.
Age-Related Changes on the Effects of Job Characteristics on Job Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Cavanagh Thomas M. , Kraiger Kurt , L. Henry Kim
Published: March 2019

Older adults constitute an increasingly large share of the workforce. Older workers often contribute positively to organizational outcomes through characteristics such as deep organizational knowledge and long-standing client relationships. Thus, it is important to understand how to maintain or increase older workers’ job satisfaction, a variable that has been linked to positive work outcomes. In this study, several hypotheses regarding job satisfaction and age were derived from Carstensen’s socioemotional selectivity theory and were tested using longitudinal analysis of a cross-sequential sample. Supporting socioemotional selectivity theory, results showed that autonomy became increasingly important to job satisfaction as workers age. Contrary to the theory, annual income also became increasingly important to job satisfaction. We discuss the importance of our findings for theory, research, and practice.
Robust chattering-free optimal sliding-mode control using recurrent neural networks: An H∞-based approach
Authors: Toshani Hamid , Farrokhi Mohammad
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a robust and chattering-free sliding-mode control strategy using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and H∞ approach for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties is proposed. The dynamic and algebraic models of the RNN are extracted based on the nominal model of the system and formulation of a quadratic programming problem. For tuning the parameters of the sliding surface, the performance index and the switching coefficient, a robust approach based on the H∞ method is developed. To this end, the control law is divided into two parts: (1) the main term, which includes the feedback error and (2) other terms, which include the network states, the reference input and its derivatives and the effects of the uncertainties. The feedback error gain is tuned by solving a linear matrix inequality. The neural optimizer determines the sliding-mode control law without being directly affected by the uncertainties. By applying the proposed method to the continuous-stirred reactor tank and the inverted pendulum problems, the performance of the proposed controller has been evaluated in terms of the tracking accuracy, elimination of the chattering, robustness against the uncertainties and feasibility of the control signals. Moreover, the results are compared with the conventional and twisting sliding-mode control methods.
Sampled-data extended state observer-based backstepping control of two-link flexible manipulator
Authors: Sahu Umesh Kumar , Subudhi Bidyadhar , Patra Dipti
Published: March 2019

Currently, space robots such as planetary robots and flexible-link manipulators (FLMs) are finding specific applications to reduce the cost of launching. However, the structural flexible nature of their arms and joints leads to errors in tip positioning owing to tip deflection. The internal model uncertainties and disturbance are the key challenges in the development of control strategies for tip-tracking of FLMs. To deal with these challenges, we design a tip-tracking controller for a two-link flexible manipulator (TLFM) by developing a sampled-data extended state observer (SD-ESO). It is designed to reconstruct uncertain parameters for accurate tip-tracking control of a TLFM. Finally, a backstepping (BS) controller is designed to attenuate the estimation error and other bounded disturbances. Convergence and stability of the proposed control system are investigated by using Lyapunov theory. The benefits (control performance and robustness) of the proposed SD-ESO-based BS controller are compared with other similar approaches by pursuing both simulation and experimental studies. It is observed from the results obtained that SD-ESO-based BS Controller effectively compensates the deviation in tip-tracking performance of TLFM due to non-minimum phase behavior and model uncertainties with an improved transient response.
Gain-phase margins-based delay-dependent stability analysis of pitch control system of large wind turbines
Authors: Turksoy Omer , Ayasun Saffet , Hames Yakup , Sonmez Sahin
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the effect of gain and phase margins (GPMs) on the delay-dependent stability analysis of the pitch control system (PCS) of large wind turbines (LWTs) with time delays. A frequency-domain based exact method that takes into account both GPMs is utilized to determine stability delay margins in terms of system and controller parameters. A gain-phase margin tester (GPMT) is introduced to the PCS to take into GPMs in delay margin computation. For a wide range of proportional–integral controller gains, time delay values at which the PCS is both stable and have desired stability margin measured by GPMs are computed. The accuracy of stability delay margins is verified by an independent algorithm, Quasi-Polynomial Mapping Based Rootfinder (QPmR) and time-domain simulations. The time-domain simulation studies also indicate that delay margins must be determined considering GPMs to have a better dynamic performance in term of fast damping of oscillations, less overshoot and settling time.
Feedback error learning-based type-2 fuzzy neural network predictive controller for a class of nonlinear input delay systems
Authors: Sabahi Kamel , Ghaemi Sehraneh , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a type-2 fuzzy neural network predictive (T2FNNP) controller has been designed in the feedback error learning (FEL) framework for a class of input delay nonlinear systems considering of unknown disturbance and uncertainties. In this method, the predictor has been utilized to estimate the future state variables of the controlled system to compensate for the time-varying input delay. To establish the control objectives, the predicted states are fed to the controller which is in FEL framework and includes T2FNN parallel with classical feedback controller. Using the proposed T2FNNP controller, it is shown that the system output tracks the reference signal in presence of the measurement noise, time-varying delay, and bounded disturbance. An appropriate Lyapunov function has been exploited to study stability of the closed-loop system and to derive the adaptation laws for both the predictor and controller. A flexible joint robot system has been used to validate performance of the proposed T2FNNP controller and has been compared with a type-1 fuzzy sliding predictive controller through some simulations. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed T2FNNP controller in dealing with time-varying delay as well as high level of measurement noise which exists in the sensor.
Time-varying formation control for unmanned aerial vehicles with external disturbances
Authors: Liu Yu’ang , Wang Qing , Dong Chaoyang , Ran Maopeng
Published: March 2019

Time-varying formation control for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) swarm systems with external disturbances is investigated via active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The external disturbances are estimated by a designed extended state observer (ESO). Then, a distributed formation control protocol is designed according to the output of ESO, under which the predefined time-varying formation can be achieved. The closed-loop system under the proposed control strategy is analyzed. In addition, the expression of formation center function of the disturbed formation control is also depicted. Finally, numerical instances are simulated in order to demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Visual analysis of information world maps: An exploration of four methods
Authors: Greyson Devon , O’Brien Heather , Shankar Saguna
Published: March 2019

Information researchers increasingly use participatory, arts-based methods to better understand the social contexts of individuals and populations. However, it remains rare to engage in qualitative analysis of the resulting visual artefacts. This article explores approaches to analysing visual media generated through a specific arts-based method, information world mapping (IWM), an interdisciplinary draw-and-talk technique that elicits data about individuals’ social information worlds. Here, we test four approaches to analysing visual media generated through IWM: directed qualitative content analysis (QCA), compositional interpretation, conceptual analysis and visual discourse analysis using situational analysis (SA). QCA was effective in creating an overview of participants’ information practices, yet raised concern regarding interpretive bias. Using an inductive taxonomy for compositional interpretation, we identified genre conventions for IWMs. Conceptual analysis resulted primarily in a reflection of the research procedures and epistemology. SA, while time-consuming, generated a large amount of rich data, including discourses and power relations that were not identified in previous analysis of textual data. In a reversal of our previous stance that cautioned against IWM analysis, we encourage other researchers to consider integrated or secondary visual analysis of IWMs.
Contextualizing Senior Executive Advice Seeking: The Role of Decision Process Comprehensiveness and Empowerment Climate
Authors: Alexiev Alexander , Volberda Henk , Jansen Justin , Van Den Bosch Frans
Published: March 2019

Senior executives can seek advice both inside and outside the boundaries of the organization and that can affect the choices made and the overall direction of the organization. Perceived environmental dynamism is a primary antecedent of this behaviour as it substantially increases the information-processing demands when solving strategic decision problems. We drew on two ‘fit’ perspectives to theorize about the organizational contingencies of this relationship. First, fit as mediation develops when executive advice seeking takes place after a comprehensive decision process has been used in response to an increase in perceived environmental dynamism. Decision process comprehensiveness fully mediates the relationship between perceived environmental dynamism and internal advice seeking and partially mediates the relationship between perceived environmental dynamism and external advice seeking. Second, fit as moderation develops when empowerment climate weakens this indirect relationship. Decision process comprehensiveness and empowerment climate function as Edgeworth–Pareto substitutes showing that, with regard to senior executive advice seeking, there is negative synergy between decision process comprehensiveness and empowerment climate. The results of our study support the notion that there is a link between information processing at the individual and organizational level, and, more importantly, suggest that power sharing within organizations can reduce the need for senior executive advice seeking when there is decision process comprehensiveness. By elaborating the information-processing perspective on advice seeking and introducing theory on organizational structural power interdependencies, we take the first steps towards a more contextualized and realistic understanding of this phenomenon.
Examination of Parental Self-Efficacy and Their Beliefs About the Outcomes of Their Parenting Practices
Authors: Glatz Terese , Trifan Tatiana Alina
Published: March 2019

In this study, we examined parental self-efficacy (PSE) in light of Bandura’s distinction between efficacy expectations and outcome expectations, and their links to parenting practices. We used a sample of 968 parents of children aged 11 to 18 years and examined the factor structure of items measuring PSE and parents’ outcome expectations, as well as the links between these two cognitive aspects and parenting practices. The results suggested that PSE and our measure of parents’ outcome expectations constituted two distinct factors and were not part of the same overall factor. Additionally, the analyses showed that PSE might be seen as a unidimensional construct with multidimensional aspects and was more strongly linked to parenting practices than were parents’ outcome expectations. In general, this study offers a comprehensive model of two different parental cognitive mechanisms as antecedents of parenting behaviors in different developmental periods.
Neuropathic Pain Screening: Construct Validity in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Powell-Roach Keesha , Yao Yingwei , Ezenwa Miriam O. , Schlaeger Judith M. , Suarez Marie L. , Molokie Robert E. , Wang Zaijie Jim , Wilkie Diana J.
Published: March 2019

Individuals with pain from sickle cell disease (SCD) are often treated for nociceptive pain, but recent findings indicate they may also have neuropathic pain. PAIN ReportIt, a computerized version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, provides a potential subscale that is the summed number of selected neuropathic pain quality words (PR-NNP), but it lacks construct validity. The study purpose was to ascertain PR-NNP construct validity in adults with SCD and chronic pain. In an outpatient setting, 186 participants completed the PAIN ReportIt, Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), and Leeds Assessment for Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS). PR-NNP was moderately correlated with NPSI ( r = .33, p < .001) and S-LANSS ( r = .40, p < .001). Regression analysis indicated that PR-NNP and pain intensity, but not a nociceptive pain subscale, were significant predictors of NPSI and S-LANSS. Findings support construct validity of PR-NNP, which may be useful as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in patients with SCD.