bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ergonomía en pequeñas y medianas empresas familiares
Authors: Frías-Cárcamo Morelia
Published: October 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar la definición de empresa familiar, la compilación de características de las empresas familiares y la identificación de las áreas de intervención de la ergonomía dentro de las empresas familiares, asimismo, se evidencia cómo la ergonomía es una herramienta para mejorar la producción y organización. Así, se realiza un estudio bibliográfico, pues se recopila una base de datos de siete artículos y tres libros centrados en el área de empresas familiares y ergonomía. Los resultados demuestran los componentes de una empresa familiar, el menor profesionalismo de sus procesos y la poca validación de los conocimientos de miembros externos al núcleo familiar, el miedo al riesgo a medida que pasan los años y el crecimiento diferente a una empresa no familiar, por ello, la empresa familiar ve su crecimiento reflejado en el aumento de empleados y la importancia de la sucesión familiar. De este modo, se denota que las empresas familiares no definen límites entre organización, propietario y familia, pues sus procesos de producción de productos o servicios viven en la informalidad. Por lo tanto, se recomienda sensibilizar a empresarios, ergónomos, investigadores y a la sociedad en general de la importancia de la intervención ergonómica en pequeñas y medianas empresas, como una herramienta clave para la perdurabilidad, la continuidad y la formalización de las empresas familiares.
Validating the place of Underutilized Indigenous Vegetable (UIV) Marketers: A case of Agrarian Communities, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oluwaseun Ibukun  , Olawale Oluwafemi
Published: October 2024

Over the years, staple crops have faced several challenges, and a step away from over-reliance on them is very important to achieve food security in Nigeria. Indeed, underutilized vegetables are usually indigenous ancient crops that are still used reasonably in local, national, and even international communities. Hence, this study validates the spatial pattern and network of underutilized indigenous vegetable (UIV) marketers in Ondo State, southwestern, Nigeria with emphasis on fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis), African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon) and Amaranth (Amaranthus virides). A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 120 UIV marketers from 5 villages. Primary data were collected and gathered using structured questionnaires and responses from the interview were coded and analyzed with STATA and UCINET. The study further examines the factors influencing the performance of the UIV marketers and determines the predictors driving association membership using multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression, respectively. The analysis results revealed that the majority (90.83%) of the UIVs marketers are female with a large proportion of the marketers within the age range of 51-60 years. The primary occupation of most of the respondents is trading (51.67%). From the regression results, belonging to a vegetable association is not statistically significant and thus it can be concluded that being a member of a vegetable association does not affect the income of the marketers. This is in sync with the information gathered from the focus group interviews that the association only serve as a medium to get firsthand information on price, product quality, and vegetables demanded. However, from social network analysis, it can also be concluded that the major actors involved in UIV marketing are interrelated and that they transfer information between themselves with the association being the common ground for such exchange. The study recommends that the government should consciously push for the wide acceptance of vegetable cultivation and provide good network roads in rural areas.
Digital tools and AI: Using technology to monitor carbon emissions and waste at each stage of the supply chain, enabling real-time adjustments for sustainability improvements
Authors: Blessing Ameh
Published: October 2024

The increasing urgency of addressing climate change has necessitated the adoption of innovative technologies to monitor and mitigate carbon emissions and waste throughout the supply chain. This paper explores the role of digital tools and artificial intelligence (AI) in enabling real-time tracking and analysis of environmental impact at each stage of the supply chain. By integrating IoT devices, big data analytics, and machine learning algorithms, organizations can gain comprehensive insights into their operations, identifying key areas where emissions and waste can be reduced. The use of AI-powered predictive analytics allows companies to model various scenarios, optimizing resource allocation and operational efficiency while minimizing environmental footprints. This research also highlights successful case studies where companies have implemented these technologies, resulting in significant sustainability improvements and cost savings. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges associated with data integration, system interoperability, and the need for industry-wide standards to ensure effective monitoring and reporting. The importance of stakeholder collaboration is emphasized, as engaging suppliers, customers, and regulatory bodies is essential for achieving comprehensive sustainability goals. Ultimately, this paper advocates for the strategic implementation of digital tools and AI as pivotal enablers of sustainable supply chain management, providing organizations with the capability to adapt to changing environmental regulations and consumer expectations. By leveraging technology to monitor and reduce carbon emissions and waste, businesses can enhance their competitiveness while contributing to a more sustainable future.
Fenomena Self Diagnose terhadap Konten Kesehatan Mental di Media Sosial Tiktok: Analisis Wacana Multimodal terhadap Asumsi Masyarakat di Kolom Komentar
Authors: Wijaya Rivaldiansyah , Ramdan Abdul Rosad , Asariningrum Diva , Syantifa Rizka A'in , Sarathan Indra
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana fenomena self diagnose di media sosial TikTok serta dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Dalam studi ini, peneliti menggunakan model analisis multimodal Kress & Van Leeuwen serta dibantu dengan aplikasi linguistik digital AntConc. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif ditemukan representasi fenomena self diagnose dan pengaruhnya di media sosial. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan secara langsung pada 7 (tujuh) konten video kampanye kesehatan mental. Selain menganalisis konten dan komentar di media sosial, kami pun  mengonfirmasi para pengguna TikTok di dua Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) yang berbeda guna menguatkan argumen tentang dampak fenomena self diagnose. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rendahnya literasi kesehatan mental pada masyarakat khususnya remaja pengguna media sosial TikTok. Dalam pengamatan kami, fenomena self diagnose juga terjadi akibat kurangnya self awareness mengenai kesehatan mental pada diri sendiri hingga rentan terjadi misdiagnosis.
Design of Android-Based Learning Media “MathArt” on Simple Interest, Discounts, and Taxation at the Lower Secondary Level of Education
Authors: Lestary Ratnah , Apriani Mulya Sarti , Kesuma Rizki Putri , Cahyo Riko Dwi , Siagian Teddy Alfra
Published: October 2024

This study aims to design and evaluate the effectiveness of the MathArt application, an Android-based learning media focused on simple interest, taxes, and discounts for lower secondary education at SMPN 17 Bengkulu City. The research adopts a four-stage Research and Development (R&D) method: 1) research, 2) planning, 3) development, and 4) product trials. Data were collected qualitatively via Google Forms, targeting data form students and teachers. Questionnaires assessed MathArt’s practically and effectiveness. Responses showed strong positive reception on MathArt, with 87.32% from students and 87.54% from teachers. This indicates its high suitability as a social arithmetic learning resource.
E-Module for Problem-Based Learning Integrating Batak Toba Culture (PBL BTC) to Improve Problem-Solving Ability
Authors: Simangunsong Ita pratiwi , Napitupulu Elvis , Lubis Asrin , Simangunsong Ika trisni
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyze: 1) the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the PBL e-module based on Batak Toba Culture (PBL BTC) which was developed to increase students' problem-solving abilities at SMP Negeri 1 Simanindo; 2) increasing students' problem-solving abilities through the developed e-module. This research is using the ADDIE. From the tested of class IX 2 was obtained: 1) the PBL BTC e-module have the criteria of being valid, effective, and practical; 2) Increased problem-solving abilities using the PBL BTC e-module as seen from the N-gain value is 0.506, it is in the "medium" category. This research recommendations might be made the E-Module with mathematical problem-solving tasks on the topic of congruency should be continued for future effectiveness evaluations.
A search for tomato disease resistance genes using molecular markers to create new genotypes
Authors: Shamshin I. N. , Ilyichev A. S. , Fomicheva M. G. , Grosheva E. V.
Published: October 2024

Background. The creation of tomato cultivars and hybrids with a complex of resistance genes is the main task of a breeder. This process can be accelerated through the use of molecular markers at the stages of initial forms selection and the offspring analysis. There is a large amount of information in the literature about DNA markers of resistance genes. Their significant part was recommended for the use in marker-assisted breeding. The purpose of our work was to screen a collection of tomato varieties and hybrids using molecular markers of genes for resistance to the most common diseases of open-ground tomato (late blight, root nematodes, tomato bronzing virus (TSWV)) and to identify gene sources for breeding work. The following markers were selected for research: Sw-5-2 (Sw-5b gene of resistance to TSWV), Mi23 (Mi1.2 gene of resistance to the root-knot nematode), 2 markers NC-LB-9-78 and NC-LB-9-79 (late blight resistance gene Ph-3). During the work, a collection of 46 accessions of tomato cultivars and hybrids was analyzed. Results. The molecular genetic analysis has yielded clear, reproducible fragments that corresponded to the expected ones. All the used markers were codominant. Analysis of the studied collection accessions found the analyzed genes to be polymorphic. The cultivars and hybrids F1 of tomato identified as promising for the use in breeding have resistance to root nematodes (F1 hybrids: A-01, ‘Imitator’, ‘Manon’, cultivars ‘Elegiya’ and ‘Buoy-Tur’), to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (F1 hybrids: A-01, ‘Manon’ and cultivar ‘Buoy-Tur’), and also to late blight (hybrids F1: А-01, ‘Azhur’, ‘Barin’, ‘Vlastelin stepej’, ‘Zhirdyaj’, Luchshij SeDeK, ‘Manon’ and cultivars: ‘Buoy-Tur’, ‘Zefir v shokolade’, ‘Zolotaya kaplya’, ‘Krasavec’, ‘Lodochka’, ‘Metelitsa’, ‘Alice's Dream’, ‘Sibirskij tigr’, ‘Slavyanskij shedevr’, ‘Elegiya’). It is advisable to use these accessions as sources of resistance genes. Based on the obtained data, five initial forms were selected for breeding and assessed for the intracultivar polymorphism of the studied genes. Cultivars ‘Krasavec’ and ‘Sibirskij tigr’ were used as parent forms. Their hybridization was carried out and hybrid forms homozygous for the dominant allele of the Ph-3 gene were obtained. Conclusions. The use of molecular markers in the conducted study allowed screening the collection of tomato varieties and hybrids for the presence of resistance genes to the most common diseases. Based on the obtained data, parental pairs were selected, hybridization carried out, and hybrid forms with the late blight resistance gene obtained.
A molecular genetic toolkit for the differential expression analysis of soybean β-conglycinin subunit genes
Authors: Katrushenko A. A. , Timkin P. D. , Penzin A. A.
Published: October 2024

The majority of proteins in soybean seeds are storage ones, including β-conglycinin and glycinin, which are necessary for seed germination. At the same time, they are the most valuable soy proteins used in the food industry, since their subunit composition and proportion of total protein can affect the quality of the resulting food product. β-conglycinins are trimers with different composition of subunits which are designated as α', α, β and encoded by the CG-1, CG-3, and CG-4 genes, respectively. The PCR analysis employed a model soybean cultivar ‘Sentyabrinka’. A complementary DNA synthesized from the RNA isolated from seeds of the studied cultivar served as a template. The in silico created pairs of primers for CG-1, CG-3, and CG-4 gene transcripts were used. As the result of PCR and the analysis of the obtained electrophoregrams, optimal annealing temperatures of primers for the CG-1, CG-3 and CG-4 genes were selected, at which only the characteristic fragment was observed. Thus, a molecular genetic toolkit has been developed for a comprehensive study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of soybean protein and can be used for further analysis of differential expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of β-conglycinin subunits.
Effectiveness of a fixed combination of empagliflozin with metformin in reduction of cardiovascular risk in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension and decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Koval S. M. , Rieznik L. A. , Mysnychenko O. V. , Penkova M. Y.
Published: October 2024

Objective is to study the effectiveness of a fixed combination of empagliflozin and metformin in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension (AH) and decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Materials and methods. 36 patients with uncontrolled AH and decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 45 to 60 were examined. Before inclusion in the study, all patients received standard antihypertensive (angiotensin‑converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin‑II receptor blocker (ARB) in combination with a calcium channel blocker and a thiazide‑like diuretic), glucose‑lowering (metformin) and hypolipidemic (atorvastatin) therapy. However, target levels of blood pressure (BP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipids were not achieved. After the initial examination, all patients were prescribed a fixed combination of empagliflozin and metformin at a dose of 12.5 mg/1000 mg 1—2 times a day, and antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy was continued. Re‑examination was carried out after 20 weeks. In the work, a statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using standard methods using Microsoft Excel 7.0 and SPSS 19.0 application packages.
Results. The transfer of the examined patients from previous ineffective hypoglycemic therapy to a fixed combination of empagliflozin with metformin against the background of standard antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy made it possible to achieve the target levels of HbA1c in 69% of patients and target BP levels in 64%. The frequency of reaching target BP levels in the subgroup of patients who received ARB was significantly higher than in the subgroup of patients who received ACE inhibitors. The specified therapy contributed to a significant reduction in body weight, reaching the target levels of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) and non‑high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non‑HDL‑C) in more than a third of patients, and reducing the severity of albuminuria in some patients. The tested therapy, in general, led to reduction in cardiovascular risk and did not cause side effects that could lead to discontinuation of treatment.
Conclusions. The fixed combination of empagliflozin with metformin against the background of standard antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus contributed to the achievement in the vast majority of patients of the target levels of HbA1c in the blood and BP levels, reduced body weight, positive changes in lipid metabolism and kidney function, and demonstrated the possibility of a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk. A more pronounced decrease in BP was detected in the case of a fixed combination of empagliflozin and metformin with ARB compared to ACE inhibitors in this category of patients.
Assessment of dietary intake in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using the Ukrainian version of the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shatylo S. S. , Solovyova G. A. , Kvacheniuk K. L.
Published: October 2024

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is prevalent worldwide. Studies demonstrate a possible association between diet and MASLD. However, data regarding patients in Ukraine are lacking.
Objective — to study dietary habits and meeting recommended dietary intake in patients with MASLD.
Materials and methods. Adults with MASLD aged 18 years and older (n=29) receiving care in outpatient settings who fully completed the adapted and validated Ukrainian version of the EPIC‑Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were included in the analysis. Liver steatosis was confirmed by ultrasound examination, and diagnosis of MASLD was based on the criteria defined by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. As a reference for recommended dietary intake, data from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020—2025 years were used. FETA software was used to calculate nutrient data from the FFQ. The one‑sample t‑test, t‑test, the one‑sample signed rank sum test, and Mann‑Whitney test were used to assess the differences between the sample and the reference data. The chi‑squared test was used to analyse categorical data.
Results. The mean age of participants was 41.4±12 years, 69% of participants being female. The mean body mass index was 35.4±7.9 kg/m2. Participants consumed more protein, than recommended by current dietary recommendations. Women also tended to have higher energy intake and consume more fat, saturated fatty acids, and carbohydrates than recommended. The median fibre intake was 19.36 g (Q1; Q3 : 13.29; 26.45), which is lower than the recommended 14 g per 1000 kcal (p=0.0015). Dietary intake of most vitamins and micronutrients was met. However, women and men consumed less than 600 IU of vitamin D daily. Among all patients with MASLD, sodium intake (3829.5±1559.3 mg) was significantly higher than recommended (2300 mg, p<0.0001). Approximately 62% of participants take dietary supplements, with vitamin D being the most popular choice.
Conclusions. Our study showed that patients with MASLD in Ukraine tend to exceed recommended protein and sodium intake and, at the same time, have low fibre and Vitamin D consumption. High energy intake and saturated fatty acids consumption are also of concern.
Prognostic significance of suppressor of tumorigenicity 2, endothelin-1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation and reduced glomerular filtration
Authors: Bilchenko A. O. , Kopytsya M. P. , Petyunina O. V. , Vishnevska I. R. , Rodionova I. V. , Vishniakov K. A. , Storozhenko T. Y.
Published: October 2024

Acute myocardial infarction with ST‑segment elevation (STEMI) is one of the most severe forms of cardiovascular disease, requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. Prognostic biomarkers play a crucial role in risk stratification and guiding therapeutic strategies in STEMI patients, particularly those with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Objective — to evaluate the prognostic significance of suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), endothelin­1 (ET­1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin­6 (IL­6), and C­reactive protein (CRP) in STEMI patients with reduced GFR compared to those with normal GFR for improved risk stratification and management.
Materials and methods. This study was conducted on a cohort of 762 patients diagnosed with STEMI. The mean age of the patients was (60.5±10.5) years, with 74.7% being male. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the CKD­EPI 2021 formula. Patients were categorized into two groups: 246 with GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 and 516 with GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2. Biomarker levels (ST2, ET­1, MIF, IL­6, CRP) were measured using enzyme­linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
Results. In patients with reduced GFR, ST2 and CRP levels were significantly higher than in patients with normal GFR (39.48 [26.49—80.71] and 33.78 [21.14—59.66] ng/ml, respectively, p=0.026 and 48 [36—96] and 24 [6—48] mg/l, p=0.015). The levels of MIF and IL‑6 were also increased in patients with reduced GFR, but the differences in these parameters were not statistically significant. No significant difference was recorded in ET‑1 levels between the groups. The analysis of ROC curves for ST2 revealed moderate prognostic accuracy in predicting survival in patients with reduced GFR (AUC=0.659; p=0.016).
Conclusions. The results indicate the importance of ST2 as a prognostic marker in STEMI patients with reduced GFR. The use of these biomarkers in clinical practice can improve risk stratification and management in this patient group. Further research is warranted to develop individualized treatment approaches that consider the risks of cardiovascular events and renal dysfunction in STEMI patients.
The effect of the type of constitution on the course of gastric ulcer in children
Authors: Kharitonov D. V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study. The study of the constitutional features of the course of gastric ulcer in children. Materials and methods. 102 children aged 12-17 years with a diagnosis of “gastric ulcer” were examined. A clinical and instrumental verification of the diagnosis, its complications, and an assessment of the type of constitution using the Pinier index was carried out using endoscopic examination. Results and conclusion. The dominance of children with gastric ulcer, having an asthenic type of constitution in comparison with normal and hypersthenics, has been established. Complications of gastric ulcer in the form of perforation of the stomach wall with the development of peritonitis, gastric bleeding were significantly more common in normosthenic patients, one and a half to two times less common in asthenics, never noted in hypersthenics, in whom concomitant reflux esophagitis was often detected.
Association between rs8192678 C/T polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene and metabolically associated fatty liver disease in obese children living in the Moscow region
Authors: Bevz A. S. , Bokova T. A. , Dribnokhodova O. P. , Korchagin V. I. , Mironov K. O.
Published: October 2024

Over the past 30 years, the incidence of childhood obesity has quadrupled, leading to a rise in metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which has multifactorial genesis. Numerous studies highlight a significant genetic contribution to the development and severity of MAFLD. Purpose of the study. Тo determine the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the rs8192678 C/T polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene and its relationship with the development of MAFLD in obese children living in the Moscow region. Materials and methods. The study included 87 children with exogenous constitutional obesity. The children were divided into two groups: group I - obesity without MAFLD (n = 43), group II - obesity with MAFLD (n = 44). The association of genotypes with the risk of developing MAFLD was studied in various genetic models. Results. 43 (49.4%) children had genotypes containing the T allele: 4 (4.6%) - homozygous TT genotype, 39 (44.8%) - heterozygous CT genotype. The CC genotype was detected in 44 (50.6%) children. The frequency of allele C was 73%. Carriers of the T allele have almost twice the risk of developing MAFLD than сarriers of the C allele (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.05-4.24), p = 0.041). Conclusion. Тhe rs8192678 polymorphism increases the risk of developing MAFLD already in childhood, and with the homozygous TT genotype, this risk more than doubles. Studying the genetic contribution to the development of MAFLD enables a comprehensive approach to assessing individual risks of each patient.
Rehabilitation of Pediatric Patients with Proctological Anomalies
Authors: Yusupov S. A. , Atakulov J. O. , Shamsiev A. M. , Telang S. P.
Published: October 2024

More than 240 observations were analyzed. Patients are conditionally divided into three groups: 1) primary with a smooth postoperative course, A special group consists of patients with combined developmental defects. In most cases, these are so-called regional defects of the urinary tract, sacrococcygeal region. Individual attention should be paid to the issue of social adaptation and rehabilitation of children suffering from malformations of the colon and rectum. Rehabilitation of proctological patients of childhood is a complex medical and social problem that requires the integration of knowledge and actions of specialists from many services subordinate to various departments. The aim of this work: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of pediatric patients with proctological anomalies.
Celiac disease in the aspect of comorbidity: facets and boundaries
Authors: Belmer S. V.
Published: October 2024

Celiac disease poses a serious diagnostic problem due to significant clinical polymorphism with a high frequency of atypical forms. The problem of comorbidity for celiac disease is relevant due to the possible involvement of almost all organs and systems in the pathological process. In this regard, the question arises of which symptoms are a manifestation of the disease, which are complications, and which symptoms are associated with comorbid conditions. The clinical polymorphism of celiac disease is obviously associated with damage to many organs in this disease. They all have a common starting point - an immunopathological process leading to malabsorption and secondary metabolic disorders, which are essentially a manifestation of the disease, but not complications, as is sometimes interpreted. A complication can be considered the oncological consequences of the disease, which develop after prolonged non-compliance of a gluten-free diet. The combination of celiac disease with associated diseases, primarily autoimmune diseases, should be considered as a manifestation of comorbidity.
Comorbid conditions in pediatric practice
Authors: Melnikova I. Yu. , Shapovalov E. G.
Published: October 2024

The comorbidity is an urgent scientific and practical problem of modern pediatrics. The practical significance of combined pathology in children is determined by its widespread occurrence and universal impact on all aspects of a child’s health and treatment options. In patients with congenital heart defects, outcomes are influenced by numerous non-cardiac and genetic factors. In childhood and adolescent bronchial asthma, concomitant diseases are a common cause of adverse outcomes, such as poor disease control, frequent seizures, decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. A stable interdependence between the state of the gastrointestinal tract and the development of allergic or autoimmune diseases has been proven. The article describes a clinical case of late diagnosis of concomitant pathology in a child with chronic gastritis with clinical symptoms, diagnostic criteria and drug treatment options. The understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of concomitant conditions in children will help identify risk groups for the formation of chronic noncommunicable diseases and develop a plan for their prevention.
Heterogeneity of metabolic phenotypes in adolescent boys with obesity due to excess calories
Authors: Vtornikova N. I. , Nikitina I. L. , Kelmanson I. A.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the heterogeneity of metabolic parameters in teenage boys diagnosed with “obesity due to excess calories” using cluster analysis. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-three randomly selected patients aged 14 to 17 years diagnosed with “obesity due to excess calories” were examined. The statistical analysis included descriptive and analytical methods, in particular aimed to identify clusters of biochemical indicators, including serum fasting glucose level, insulin level, total cholesterol level, low density lipoproteins (LDLP), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), high density lipoproteins (HDLP) and triglycerides. Results. Two clusters of observations have been identified. The first cluster consisted of 72 patients (58.5%) having fasting glucose levels slightly below average, insulin levels above average, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLP and VLDL above average, and HDLP levels below average (“metabolically unhealthy” obesity). The second cluster included 51 teenagers (41.5%) who presented with opposite trends in metabolic characteristics (“metabolically healthy” obesity). The adolescents from the first cluster were slightly older, had higher body mass, body mass index (BMI) and z-BMI scores, and higher HOMA-IR scores. Arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were diagnosed statistically significantly more frequently in adolescents from this cluster. Conclusion. Teenage boys with obesity are a heterogeneous group in terms of the values of major metabolic indicators.
Syndromic obesity in children (using the example of clinical cases)
Authors: Babayan M. L. , Kharitonova L. A.
Published: October 2024

Obesity is a heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired diseases associated with excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. One example of syndromic obesity in children is Bardet-Biedl syndrome. This is a rare autosomal recessive disease from the group of ciliopathies, characterized by retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. The article presents two clinical cases of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Diagnostic criteria for the disease are given, and the need for molecular genetic research methods in the early stages of the diagnostic search is shown. Promising directions in the treatment of the syndrome are considered.
Genetic aspects of taste formation
Authors: Gumeniuk O. I. , Lobanov M. E. , Posled T. E. , Chursina E. M. , Chernenkov Yu. V. , Groznova O. S. , Glushakov I. A.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the molecular genetic basis of taste development which determines the peculiarity of perception of sweet, salty, sour, bitter and high-protein food (umami). The genes TAS1R3, FTO, GLUT2, FGF21, GNAT3 are responsible for individual perception of sugar volume. Serum FGF21 levels are significantly elevated in obese patients and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus which presumably indicates a state of resistance to FGF21. Given the role of refined sugars in the development of diseases, the use of foods with a reduced content or complete absence of added sugar is a worldwide trend, especially necessary in the nutrition of children. During genome-wide sequencing for 39 patients aged 15-18 years, FGF21 gene polymorphism was detected in 27 adolescents (69 %) without gender identity. Almost all patients with FGF21 gene polymorphism showed a high addiction to sweet foods. Currently, the existence of a sixth taste is being debated, it is ammonium chloride, whose receptors are regulated by the Otop1 gene which is also responsible for the identification of sour taste.
Naturally acquired microchimerism: clinical, scientific and ethical issues
Authors: Kharitonova L. A. , Grigoryev K. I.
Published: October 2024

Microchimerism (MC) is understood as the presence in the body of cells genetically different from the population of the individual, capable of existence and persistence, that is, reproduction and differentiation. This process is associated with the exchange of cellular material between mother and fetus. The consequences of the intrauterine acquisition of maternal MC (MMC) by the fetus are essentially different from the acquisition by the mother of fetal CM (FMC) in the mature state of the organism. Microchimerism has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, but it also helps the body limit a particular disease. Since all these processes take place during the early development of the fetal immune system, the initial response of the immune system is the development of specific tolerance to maternal antigens. MMС can modify immune functions and reactivity through the nongenetic acquisition of cellular and subcellular material. Both FMС and MMС are quite common phenomena, which affects the body of the child and mother, the differentiation and functionality of the host cells. All this allows us to consider foreign cells as a potential target for drugs in the fight against autoimmune diseases or, conversely, stimulation of regeneration processes of damaged tissues. Issues of evolution and prospects for the prevention of various pathological conditions are considered from the standpoint of taking into account maternal and fetal chimerism syndrome.
Zonulin’s Impact on Intestinal Permeability and the Development of Infant Colic: Mechanisms of Interrelation
Authors: Leonova I. A. , Bogolyubova E. A. , Sultanov V. R. , Magamedova D. M.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To identify the mechanisms of the relationship between the effect of zonulin protein on the intestinal wall and the occurrence of infantile colic based on the study of scientific sources. Materials and Methods. Scientific articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and F1000Research databases. Ninety-six sources published between 1991 and 2023 were selected. Results. The history of the discovery of the zonulin protein is presented, together with a modern view of the structure of the dense intercellular junctions of the intestinal epithelium, and the processes by which the effect of zonulin on altering the permeability of the intestinal barrier is realised are described. The data of several studies in which increased levels of zonulin were found in groups of children with colic and with GI dysfunction are presented. There is a review of works in which the connection of zonulin with extraintestinal pathology - psychiatric disorders, endocrine, autoimmune, cardiopulmonary, allergic, infectious diseases - has been noted. Zonulin is a promising pharmacological target - to date, there is a specific zonulin inhibitor molecule showing efficacy in the treatment of celiac disease and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children. Conclusion. The analysis of publications shows the undoubted relevance of the study of zonulin as a factor affecting the permeability of the intestinal wall and a number of other processes. Its role in the formation of intestinal colic requires more detailed study, as discoveries in this area can be actively integrated into clinical practice.
The relationship between iron deficiency and allergic diseases
Authors: Melnikova I. Yu. , Chistyakova V. Yu.
Published: October 2024

One of the most important trace elements of the human body is iron. This trace element is the most common on earth, with about a third of the world’s population suffering from iron deficiency. According to WHO, the incidence of iron deficiency in the population can range from moderate - 5-19.9%, to high-more than 40%. The main causes of iron deficiency are: insufficient intake from food, impaired absorption or pathological losses. Allergic diseases can cause the formation of iron deficiency as a result of all of the above causes. At the moment, the relationship between iron deficiency and the development of allergic reactions is being investigated. It is known that functional iron deficiency contributes to the development of allergies and exacerbates the course of symptoms in people with allergies. In this article, we summarize the data on the effect of iron deficiency on the immune processes of the human body and predisposition to the formation of atopy.
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: a brief review of the literature and our own clinical observation
Authors: Gudkov R. A. , Dmitriev A. V. , Fedina N. V. , Petrova V. I. , Blokhova E. E. , Terzieva M. R.
Published: October 2024

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is one of the causes of direct hyperbilirubinemia in young children and the need for its diagnosis arises after the exclusion of such more common causes of cholestasis as biliary atresia, Alajille syndrome, as well as infectious and medicinal hepatopathies. The basic diagnostic feature that allows us to suspect the pathology in question is the absence of an increase in the level of γ-glutamine trans peptidase. To date, 12 types of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis have been described. For most of them, both severe cases with neonatal manifestation and rapid progression to cirrhosis, as well as variants with late development and a relatively benign course, are described. The article presents brief genetic and phenotypic characteristics of all 12 types of pathology. The author presents his own observation of a patient whose clinical and laboratory picture corresponded to Byler’s syndrome, but the identified genetic characteristics did not correspond to any of the known types.
Features of the course of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Abyzov A. S. , Kichigin V. A. , Tarasova L. V.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study. Study of the characteristics of the course of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods. A total of 182 patients who were in the State Budgetary Institution “Emergency Medical Care Hospital” (Cheboksary) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were examined. Results. A high incidence of CKD in hospitalized patients is shown. In CKD, there is a high mortality from COVID-19, statistically significant for CKD stage 3, but not for CKD stages 1-2. A number of clinical and laboratory parameters associated with an increased risk of adverse outcome have been identified. CKD is an independent risk factor that increases the risk of death when combined with these parameters. The positive effect of Janus kinase inhibitors is reflected when they are prescribed in the group under 65 years of age and in the first days of patient admission. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the necessity of studying kidney function in patients with a new coronavirus infection. Patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 require close dynamic monitoring as a risk group for severe disease, affecting survival.
Sarcoidosis of mediastinal and abdominal (visceral) lymph nodes, lungs, liver, goldbladder, spleen, complicated by phlegmonous cholecystitis
Authors: Dobin V. L. , Panin I. V. , Martynov V. A.
Published: October 2024

The article contains a description of generalized sarcoidosis diagnosed morphologically after cholecystectomy for phlegmonous cholecystitis.
Rapid urease test according to the rules and without
Authors: Nazarov V. E.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the problems of diagnosing Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) using a rapid urease test (RUT). Features of H.pylori colonization and persistence are highlighted, which affect the results of RUT and determine the preferential use of biopsy specimens for the study, rather than gastric mucus aspirate, the localization of biopsy collection and their optimal number and the factors influencing the urease activity of H.pylori are indicated. Based on the described properties, the main causes of erroneous results and methods for preventing false negative and false positive results are given, the basic rules for working with RUT are formulated to obtain optimal results.
Pupillometry in Exercise Physiology: Significance and Perspective (運動生理学における瞳孔測定の意義)
Authors: Kuwamizu Ryuta
Published: October 2024

瞳孔は臨床医学では生死を判定する脳幹機能の検査として、生理心理学では覚醒水準を反映する生理指標として古くから活用されてきた。我々は、運動生理学研究にこの瞳孔測定を取り入れ、それを利用した神経科学研究を進めている。本稿では、これらの知見の一つとして、運動負荷試験でみられる瞳孔拡大パターンを紹介し、瞳孔測定の運動生理学的意義を展望する。
Reading Literacy Decline in Europe: Disentangling School Closures and Out-of-School Learning Conditions
Authors: Ludewig Ulrich , Strietholt Rolf , McElvany Nele
Published: October 2024

Background. This study examines the decline in average reading literacy among primary school students in European countries between 2016 and 2021, as the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) documented. This period is characterized by disruptions due to COVID-19-related school closures and changes in student composition, influenced mainly by societal trends across many European countries.Aims. We estimated trends in reading literacy adjusted for changes in student composition to assess the relationship between the duration of school closures and school-related learning loess.Sample. We utilized data from 2016 and 2021 from 18 European countries/regions as part of the PIRLS, involving a representative sample of approximately 5,000 fourth graders per year and country/region (N = 187,386; Mean Age = 10.28, SD = 0.86; 49.50% female).Methods. Our analytical approach employed propensity score weighting to balance changes in student composition between the 2016 and 2021 cohorts.Results. Our findings revealed changes in student composition across most of the 18 countries/regions. First, the average adjusted decline in reading literacy across all 18 European countries/regions was significantly lower than the observed decline, but it remained substantial. Second, the expected decline was associated with the length of COVID-related school closures, estimated at ‒0.0015 SDs per day.Conclusions. School closures and changes in the composition of student cohorts played a substantial role in the decline in reading literacy observed between 2016 and 2021. This study enhances our understanding of how student composition and school-related factors influence trends in reading literacy.
Protocols, pitfalls, and publishing for pXRF analyses: From “know how” to “best practices”
Authors: Frahm Ellery
Published: October 2024

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) exists in a somewhat liminal state as a technique in the archaeological sciences. On one hand, pXRF is essentially energy-dispersive XRF (EDXRF) condensed to fit into a handheld instrument. On the other hand, it is still often defined by a few strident critiques more than a decade ago, the focus of which were pXRF users, not the instruments. There were three themes in those critiques: perceived weaknesses in (1) research design, (2) element quantification, and (3) publishing, especially as it relates to data evaluation. Recently, Johnson et al. (2024) sought to address the third critique, by both surveying the literature and proposing a checklist of 18 variables that, they argue, should be published to “result in better science” from pXRF users. While this is an important topic, the study and list are flawed and, thus, will not achieve their goal. We do, though, share the aim of aiding archaeologists in becoming effective pXRF users. Here I adopt a different tack. Drawing on 24 years of X-ray spectrometry experience, my intent is to share knowledge that can help the expanding community of pXRF practitioners. Ranging in topic from safety to research design and common pitfalls, I aim to share my experience in a way that can, I hope, be useful to those beyond my own students. Much of what I teach about pXRF – both inside and outside the classroom – is here for anyone to read and implement themselves.
L’immagine del Turco nelle cronache moldave in lingua slava
Authors: Senatore Adriana
Published: October 2024

The Moldavian chronicles in the Slavic languages of the 15th–16th centuries expose the events of the country in a time of grave difficulties for the survival of the Christian states of Europe, threatened by the expansionary policy of the Ottoman Empire. The authors closely follow the progressive expansion of the Sublime Porte and the fall of boroughs, citadels, and cities (Gallipoli, Sofia, Veliko Tărnovo, Thessaloniki), as well as Chilia, Cetatea Albă, fortified Moldavian citadels. Naturally, the chroniclers rejoice for the rarest victories on the battlefield of the European sovereigns and the princes of Moldavia; they are saddened by the defeats suffered by Moldavian and, more generally, Christian arms. Above all, they fear that the new ‘paganism’ coming from the now subjugated Constantinople can suffocate the ancestral religion, although they do not neglect the dangerousness of other beliefs, such as the Lutheran, professed even by a prince. In the final analysis, the chronicler considers himself a scriba Dei who must educate the reader and strengthen him in the true faith, orthodoxy.
SUITABILITY MAPPING FOR OPTIMAL LANDFILL SITE IN COASTAL MOUNTAIN MUNICIPALITIES. CASE STUDY: COLLO MASSIF (NORTHEASTERN ALGERIA)
Authors: Siham Agaguenia  , Mahrez Boulabeiz  , Gihen Rym Abdaoui  , Fatima Dahdouh
Published: October 2024

The management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in coastal mountainous regions displays a significant challenge to sustainable development in Algeria, particularly in its environmental dimension. Local stakeholders face substantial difficulties in identifying appropriate sites for solid waste disposal in this area due to the fragility and complexity of their ecological systems and their potential to amplify the impacts of waste disposal. This affects directly the quality of life, sustainability of natural resources, and threatens the scenic beauty of this tourist destination. Therefore, developing a mechanism based on scientific knowledge to facilitate decision-making processes in these regions is imperative. This paper aims to underscore the importance of employing Cartographic Suitability Mapping for Optimal Landfill Site Selection in coastal mountainous regions as an effective tool to ensure precise results, focusing on the study case of Collo, Skikda state, Algeria. The results show four categories of land suitability: constraint (5.22-7.76) , unsuitable (3.25-4.26), and suitable area (1.21-3.24), with four candidate areas identified as the most suitable for landfill establishment. It is recommended that future studies incorporate social and economic dimensions to further enhance decision-making processes in this regard.
ADAPTATION OF MICROCLONES OF TRIPLOID ASPEN (POPULUS TREMULA L.) TO EX VITRO CONDITIONS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Anokhina Nadejda S. , Urazbakhtina Nuriya A. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Asylbaev Ilgiz G. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

As a result of deforestation, annual forest fires and increased emissions from industrial facilities, greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere, which affects global climate warming. In these conditions, reforestation and forest protection measures play a special role. It is possible to obtain a sufficient amount of planting material for reforestation by introducing biotechnologies into forestry. The technology of microclonal reproduction makes it possible to obtain seedlings of tree crops that are difficult to propagate vegetatively. One of the most difficult stages of microclonal reproduction is the adaptation of microclones to nonsterile conditions. The conducted studies have shown that at the stage of adaptation of the triploid aspen, it is advisable to use aeroponic technologies that provide the highest yield of seedlings