bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between the Anteroposterior Acceleration of Lower Lumbar Spine and Pelvic Tilt Movements During Running
Authors: Kubo Yoshiaki , Koyama Koji , Kimura Taichi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Three-dimensional accelerometry data from the lower trunk during running is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. The kinematic function known as the lumbo–pelvic–hip complex involves movements in the sagittal plane during running. If pelvic movement and acceleration in the anteroposterior direction are correlated, improving running mechanics may reduce the load on the intervertebral disc. This study investigated the relationship between the anteroposterior acceleration of the lower lumbar spine and pelvic tilt movements during running. Methods: Sixteen healthy male college students were enrolled and asked to run on a treadmill for 1 min at 16 km/h, and the acceleration data for their lower lumbar region and running motion in the sagittal plane were recorded. The pelvic tilt angle during running was calculated through two-dimensional motion analysis. Subsequently, a simple linear regression analysis was employed to clarify the relationship between the acceleration data of the lower lumbar region and the pelvic tilt angle during running. Results: The simple linear regression analysis indicated that the root mean squares of the anteroposterior acceleration of the lower lumbar spine were associated with the maximum pelvic tilt angle (r  =  0.32, p  =  0.003, adjusted R2 = 0.09) and its range (r  =  0.42, p  =  0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.16). Conclusions: However, the adjusted R2 value was low, indicating that although the pelvic tilt angle during running may be related to acceleration in the anteroposterior direction, the effect is small.
Vascular Function in Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases 2.0
Authors: Noce Annalisa , Tesauro Manfredi
Published: December 2024

Chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases (CDNCDs) represent the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide [...]
Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Paretic Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Muscle Contraction of Stroke Survivors During Walking: A Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Hui-Dong , Li Yu-Ying , Zhu Ringo Tang-Long , Luo Yu-Yan , Ling Yan To , Wang Li-Ke , Wang Jian-Fa , Zheng Yong-Ping , Ma Christina Zong-Hao
Published: December 2024

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been commonly prescribed for stroke survivors with foot drop, but their impact on the contractions of paretic tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) has remained inconclusive. This study thus investigated the effect of AFOs on these muscle contractions in stroke survivors. The contractions of paretic TA and MG muscles were assessed in twenty stroke patients and compared between walking with and without AFOs, using a novel wearable dynamic ultrasound imaging and sensing system. The study found an increase in TA muscle thickness throughout a gait cycle (p > 0.05) and a significant increase in TA muscle surface mechanomyography (sMMG) signals during the pre- and initial swing phases (p < 0.05) when using an AFO. MG muscle thickness generally decreased with the AFO (p > 0.05), aligning more closely with trends seen in healthy adults. The MG surface electromyography (sEMG) signal significantly decreased during the initial and mid-swing phases when wearing an AFO (p < 0.05). The TA-MG co-contraction index significantly decreased during initial and mid-swing phases with the AFO (p < 0.05). These results suggest that AFOs positively influenced the contraction patterns of paretic ankle muscles during walking in stroke patients, but further research is needed to understand their long-term effects.
Determining the Predictors of Recurrence or Regrowth Following Spinal Astrocytoma Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hoang Harry , Mellal Amine , Dulloo Milad , Nguyen Ryan T. , Al-Saidi Neil Nazar , Magableh Hamzah , Cailleteau Alexis , Ghaith Abdul Karim , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Elmi-Terander Adrian
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Spinal astrocytomas (SA) represent 30–40% of all intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) and present significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive behavior and potential for recurrence. We aimed to pool the evidence on SA and investigate predictors of regrowth or recurrence after surgical resection. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on peer-reviewed human studies from several databases covering the field of SA. Data were collected including sex, age, tumor location, extent of resection, histopathological diagnosis, and adjuvant therapy to identify predictors of SA recurrence. Recurrence was defined as failure of local tumor control or regrowth after treatment. Results: A total of 53 studies with 1365 patients were included in the meta-analysis. A postoperative deterioration in neurological outcomes, as assessed by the modified McCormick scale, was noted in most of the patients. The overall recurrence rate amounted to 41%. On meta-analysis, high-grade WHO tumors were associated with higher odds of recurrence (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.87, 3.76; p = 0.001). Similarly, GTR was associated with lower odds of recurrence compared to STR (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.60; p = 0.0003). Sex (p = 0.5848) and tumor location (p = 0.3693) did not show any significant differences in the odds of recurrence. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was described in 8 studies and adjuvant radiotherapy in 41 studies. Conclusions: The results highlight the significant importance of tumor grade and extent of resection in patient prognosis. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy remains unclear, with most studies suggesting no differences in outcomes, with limitations due to potential confounders.
The Human Side of Leadership: Exploring the Impact of Servant Leadership on Work Happiness and Organizational Justice
Authors: Agustin-Silvestre Jesus Alberto , Villar-Guevara Miluska , García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz , Fernández-Mallma Israel
Published: December 2024

The leadership literature suggests that a servant leadership style can reduce negative employee outcomes, even in challenging work environments such as the educational sector, where teachers play a key role in social development. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of servant leadership on work happiness and organizational justice. An explanatory study was carried out including 210 men and women who declared that they perform teaching activities, aged between 21 and 68 years (M = 38.63, SD = 10.00). The data were collected using a self-report scale of servant leadership, work happiness and organizational justice, obtaining an adequate measurement model (α = between 0.902 and 0.959; CR = between 0.923 and 0.963; AVE = 0.604 and 0.631; VIF = between 1.880 and 2.727). The theoretical model was evaluated using the Partial Least-Squares PLS-SEM method. According to the results, the hypotheses were confirmed, demonstrating that there is a significant positive effect of servant leadership on work happiness (β = 0.69; p < 0.001) and organizational justice (β = 0.24; p < 0.001) and a positive effect of work happiness on organizational justice (β = 0.61; p < 0.001). This research provides valuable insight for educational leaders seeking to improve perceptions of happiness and justice in their organizations and promotes servant leadership to achieve this goal.
Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Discontinuous Cut-Off Wall of Dam Foundation Based on Plastic Damage Calculation Method
Authors: Fang Dinghan , Wang Kaituo , Xu Shuochang , Wang Xingchen
Published: December 2024

Dam foundations are prone to leakage damage after being exposed to long-term water action, which seriously affects the operation safety of the dam. At present, concrete cut-off walls serve an important means of anti-seepage for dam foundations. However, due to construction challenges, the cut-off wall needs to be poured segment-by-segment during the construction process, and the joints between adjacent segments become weak parts for seepage prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the stress state of segmented discontinuous concrete cut-off walls. Based on the Lee-Fenves framework and the tension–compression constitutive relationship of fracture energy, a plastic damage calculation method was established in this paper to characterize the mechanical behavior of discontinuous cut-off walls. The method was then used to analyze the mechanical performance of discontinuous walls with segment joints containing slurry cake. The research results showed that compared to the continuous cut-off wall, the vertical settlement in the middle part of the discontinuous cut-off wall increased by 5.8%, and the displacement along the river flow direction decreased by 35.3%. As the wall segment width decreased, the joint opening and the degree of tensile damage were reduced accordingly, while the compressive damage in the middle and lower parts of the wall was intensified. As the wall depth decreased, the constraints and load on the bottom of the wall showed obvious changes, leading to a reduced stress and damage level of the wall. The findings provide reference for the design and safety control of cut-off walls.
Unraveling the Environmental Applications of Nanoporous Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films
Authors: Vernasqui Laís G. , Barbosa Segundo Inalmar D. , Martínez-Huitle Carlos A. , Ferreira Neidenêi G. , Rodrigo Manuel A.
Published: December 2024

In this work, a nanoporous ultrananocrystalline diamond film (B-UNCDWS/TDNT/Ti) was obtained and compared with a commercial electrode in the degradation of methomyl, a recalcitrant pesticide. The morphological and structural differences between the materials were highlighted by SEM and XRD analysis: while the commercial electrode presented a regular and planar surface with microcrystalline grains, supported by XRD features, the B-UNCDWS/TDNT/Ti electrode presented a porous morphology with DRX features indicating a high film renucleation rate. Those differences affected the electrooxidation of methomyl; B-UNCDWS/TDNT/Ti was responsible for faster and more economic degradation of the pollutant, achieving a methomyl degradation of 78% (against 35% by the commercial electrode). The highly porous surface of UNCDWS/TDNT/Ti provides an electrochemical area threefold greater than the one found in the commercial electrode, justifying the better efficiency in the formation of persulfate, which can be singled out as the main mechanism in methomyl degradation.
Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Degradation of Imidacloprid in Aqueous Solutions Using Solid Catalysts
Authors: Gao Song , Li Shanshan , Sun Shaofan , Chen Maolong
Published: December 2024

Imidacloprid (IMI), a widely used neonicotinoid pesticide, has led to significant water contamination due to excessive use. As a result, there is an urgent need for effective and straightforward methods to remove IMI residues from water. Photocatalytic technology, an integral part of advanced oxidation processes, is particularly promising due to its renewability, high catalytic efficiency, fast degradation ratio, and cost-effectiveness. This review systematically examines recent progress in the photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid in aqueous solutions using various solid catalysts. It provides a comparative analysis of key factors affecting catalytic performance, such as catalyst synthesis methods, reaction times, catalyst loading, and IMI concentrations. Among the solid catalysts studied, nano-ZnO achieved a higher degradation rate of IMI in a shorter period and with a reduced catalyst dosage, reaching approximately 95% degradation efficiency within one hour. Additionally, this review explores the types of heterojunctions formed by the catalysts and elucidates the mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic degradation of IMI. In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive evaluation of solid catalysts for the photocatalytic removal of IMI from water, serving as an important reference for developing innovative catalysts aimed at eliminating organic pollutants from aquatic environments.
Magnetic Ternary Hybrid Composites as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Acid Orange 7 Dye
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Wang Qin , Li Yuting , Ding Zhao
Published: December 2024

Based on the photocatalytic activity and magnetic nature of magnetite and goethite, as well as the oxygen storage characteristic of cerianite, a magnetic ternary hybrid composite including cubic CeO2, cubic Fe3O4 and orthorhombic FeOOH, designated as Fe3O4/FeOOH/CeO2, was successfully synthesized with different Ce:Fe molar ratios using a simple hydrothermal route without subsequent calcination process, and employed as photocatalysts for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye. The absorption range of light by the Fe3O4/FeOOH/CeO2 composites was broadened, and the intensity was enhanced. Furthermore, there existed a possibility of hybridization and doping among the three crystalline structures, with the elements Ce, Fe and O exhibiting a uniform distribution, significantly enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of the Fe3O4/FeOOH/CeO2 composites in promoting the photodegradation of AO7. The magnetic response behaviors of hybrid composites synthesized with different Ce:Fe molar ratios were investigated. The adsorptive degradation of AO7 in darkness and the photocatalytic degradation of AO7 under UV light illumination were evaluated. Moreover, ten cycling runs of the photocatalytic degradation of AO7 under simulated UV illumination of Fe3O4/FeOOH/CeO2 synthesized with a Ce:Fe molar ratio of 1:15 were performed. The hybrid ternary composites were proved to have excellent magnetic sensitivity, exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activities and demonstrated remarkable stability. It is anticipated that magnetic Fe3O4/FeOOH/CeO2 ternary hybrid composites may have potential applications in the treatment of organic dye sewage.
Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalysis Activity of TiO2/Ag Nanocomposites Prepared by the Ultrasound-Assisted Sol–Gel Method: Characterization and Degradation–Mineralization of Cationic and Anionic Dyes
Authors: Boudechiche Noreddine , Morante Nicola , Sannino Diana , Monzillo Katia , Trari Mohamed , Sadaoui Zahra
Published: December 2024

Coupling TiO2 with various elements could enhance its photocatalytic activity. In this study, an innovative ultrasound-assisted sol–gel method was used to synthesize TiO2/Ag(x%) by varying Ag–support mass (x = 9.3, 17.1, and 23.6%), followed by calcination at 450 °C for 30 min. The aim was to demonstrate that Ag compositing improves photoactivity under visible light (>400 nm). The synthesized photocatalysts were assessed for their effectiveness in the degradation and mineralization of Methylene Blue (MB) and Acid Orange 7 (AO7) using visible lamps emitting in the range of 400–800 nm. Characterization of the prepared photocatalysts was performed by using Raman spectroscopy, SEM/EDS, pHpzc, and UV–visible spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the predominance of the anatase phase in all the photocatalysts. The photodegradation efficiencies of the selected dyes, MB and AO7, reached 99% (pH 6) and 95% (pH 3) after 180 min of irradiation, respectively. The best performance for the degradation of the two dyes was observed with TiO2/Ag9.3%, showing optimal kinetics at this doping concentration. The improved photoactivity of the TiO2/Ag composite is due to a decrease in the recombination rate of electron/hole (e−/h+) and a decrease in the band gap from 3.13 to 2.49 eV. The mineralization rate of both dyes under visible light is about 9.3%, indicating the presence of refractory by-products that resist complete degradation. Under UVA irradiation, complete mineralization is obtained. This study confirms the potential of TiO2/Ag composite as a high-performance and cost-effective photocatalyst for solar environmental remediation, highlighting the role of silver in extending light absorption into the visible region and improving charge separation.
Insights into Novel Doping Effect of Fe-Doped ZnS Nanostructures Derived from Oxystelma esculentum: Kinetics-Based Photocatalysis, Nitrogen Fixation, and Antifungal Efficacy
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ehtisham
Published: December 2024

Implementing greener approaches is a sustainable and eco-friendly methodology for nanocomposite synthesis. This work reports the sustainable fabrication of Fe-doped ZnS (Fe0.3Zn0.7S) nanocomposite and its broad-spectrum applications. The systematic characterization was carried out using several advanced analytical techniques. DLS, Zeta potential, SEM, XPS, and TEM performed morphological and size assessments of the engineered nanocomposite. Eventually, XRD provided valuable insights into the crystalline behavior of nanocomposite. The nanocomposites were then treated against the organic dye Safranin O, which displayed 93% degradation within an hour with the rate constant value of 0.0326 min−1. Parameters influencing the percentage degradation, such as temperature, pH, etc., were also discussed. Moreover, an LCMS test was also conducted to evaluate the presence of reactive intermediates. Safranin O’s degradation was confirmed by identifying intermediate products, such as compounds with m/z values of 335.84, 321.81, 306.79, 292.77, and 257.32, which were indicative of progressive dye breakdown. Finally, the photocatalytic enactment examination verified that the prepared nanocomposite’s nitrogen fixation rate (38.96 µmolg−1) was way greater (~4 times) than the pristine compound. In addition, prepared nanoparticles demonstrated a befitting ability to eliminate a wide range of threatening pathogenic fungi. The doping of Fe into ZnS further enhanced the inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum.
Mechanisms for the Production and Suppression of Hydrogen Peroxide at the Hydrogen Electrode in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers: Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Tryk Donald A. , Shi Guoyu , Kakinuma Katsuyoshi , Uchida Makoto , Iiyama Akihiro
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen peroxide is inevitably produced at the hydrogen electrode in both the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) when platinum-based catalysts are used. This peroxide attacks and degrades the membrane, seriously limiting its lifetime. Here we review some of our previous efforts to suppress peroxide production using PtFe as a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst and PtCo as a hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalyst. The mechanisms, which involve the chemical reaction of adsorbed hydrogen with oxygen, are examined using density functional theory. The onset of excess peroxide production at 0.1 V above the reversible potential has not been adequately explained thus far, and therefore a new mechanism is proposed here. This involves a unique reaction site including hydrogen adsorbed at (110) step edges adjacent to (111) terraces on the Pt surface, as well as on Pt alloys and other metals such as Rh and Ir. This mechanism helps explain the recent finding of the Wadayama group that Ir single crystal surfaces such as Ir(111) and Ir(110) produce little peroxide during the HOR. It also points the way toward the design of new catalysts for the hydrogen electrode that suppress peroxide production while retaining high HOR and HER activity.
Perspectives on Microbiome Therapeutics in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Approach Beyond Immunology and Microbiology
Authors: Seo Hoonhee , Kim Sukyung , Beck Samuel , Song Ho-Yeon
Published: December 2024

Although global life expectancy has increased over the past 20 years due to advancements in managing infectious diseases, one-fifth of people still die from infections. In response to this ongoing threat, significant efforts are underway to develop vaccines and antimicrobial agents. However, pathogens evolve resistance mechanisms, complicating their control. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the limitations of focusing solely on the pathogen-killing strategies of immunology and microbiology to address complex, multisystemic infectious diseases. This highlights the urgent need for practical advancements, such as microbiome therapeutics, that address these limitations while complementing traditional approaches. Our review emphasizes key outcomes in the field, including evidence of probiotics reducing disease severity and insights into host-microbiome crosstalk that have informed novel therapeutic strategies. These findings underscore the potential of microbiome-based interventions to promote physiological function alongside existing strategies aimed at enhancing host immune responses and pathogen destruction. This narrative review explores microbiome therapeutics as next-generation treatments for infectious diseases, focusing on the application of probiotics and their role in host-microbiome interactions. While offering a novel perspective grounded in a cooperative defense system, this review also addresses the practical challenges and limitations in translating these advancements into clinical settings.
Management of Postoperative Left-Sided Chylothorax Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence-Guided VATS
Authors: Lione Luigi , Busetto Alberto , Bonis Alessandro , Verzeletti Vincenzo , Faccioli Eleonora , Comacchio Giovanni , Cannone Giorgio , Battistel Michele , Rebusso Alessandro , Nicotra Samuele , Rea Federico
Published: December 2024

Chylothorax is a rare complication occurring after cardio-thoracic surgical procedures. This condition presents challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Operative ductal ligation is the method of choice for relapsing or refractory cases, and it can be performed through the aid of IGC injection for the identification of chylous leakage. Our report presents the use of ICG fluorescence during VATS to successfully identify and treat a left-sided post-surgical chylothorax. The patient underwent a pulmonary wedge resection for a suspect malignant lesion and developed chylous leakage in the early postoperative period. On postoperative day 7, the patient underwent a revision thoracoscopy for hemostasis and thoracic duct ligation. ICG injections were performed through bilateral inguinal lymph nodes and approximately 15 min after we performed the re-thoracoscopy with effective identification and ligation of the chyle leakage. ICG fluorescence-guided VATS is a valuable and effective method for managing postoperative chylothorax, especially for left-sided leaks.
Bench to Any Side—The Pharmacology and Applications of Natural and Synthetic Alkylated Hydroxy Cinnamates and Cinnamides
Authors: Menezes José C. J. M. D. S. , Campos Vinícius R.
Published: December 2024

Natural alkylated hydroxy cinnamates (AHCs) isolated from medicinal plants and the thereby designed and synthesized cinnamides are derivatives of hydroxy cinnamic acids such as p-coumaric, sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids, which are naturally derived from human dietary sources. The pharmacological properties displayed by AHCs based on their inherent structure range include antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anti-tyrosinase, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease therapy, anticancer therapy, metabolic disease therapy, and biopesticides, which have not been reviewed together. Based on their inherent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and UV absorption and their structure–activity relationships, these cinnamyl esters and amides can be used for food preservation in emulsions and oils, as sun-protective components of skin care formulations, and in many other multifunctional applications. In conclusion, the fine-tuning of the structural features such as the type of hydroxy cinnamic acid used, the length of alkyl chains for variable lipophilicity, conversion from cinnamic to propanoic for antioxidants, the increase in methoxy or the change to amino groups to increase the molar absorption coefficient and loss of absorption values, the substitution by halides or amino groups for potent biopesticides, and conversion from esters to amide bonds leads to different AHCs for biomedical, cosmetic, and agriculture applications as an emerging field of investigation that can overall provide natural, safe, biodegradable, and sustainable molecules.
Computer-Supported Strategic Decision Making for Ecosystems Creation
Authors: Rodriguez-Garcia Patricia , Carracedo Patricia , Lopez-Lopez David , Juan Angel A. , Martin Jon A.
Published: December 2024

In the corporate strategy arena, the concept of ecosystems has emerged as a transformative approach to promote competitive advantage, growth, and innovation. Corporate ecosystems enable companies to benefit from interconnections among diverse partners, products, and services to deliver enhanced value to customers. However, the process of ecosystem creation represents a significant challenge for CEOs, as they must analyze a wide number of alternative sectors, partners, business cases, and other critical elements. Particularly, as it is a strategic decision, it lies beyond the traditional approach of risk-return by incorporating other factors, e.g.: the feasibility, desirability and sustainability of each alternative. This paper investigates how computer-supported optimization algorithms can help to solve the complex problem faced by CEOs when making these factors to create a successful and sustainable ecosystem. The paper shows how a CEO can make informed strategic decisions by identifying the best projects to include in the ecosystem portfolio, balancing financial risk and return with technical feasibility, customer appeal, and technical considerations.
A Novel End-to-End Provenance System for Predictive Maintenance: A Case Study for Industrial Machinery Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Gultekin Emrullah , Aktas Mehmet S.
Published: December 2024

In this study, we address the critical gap in predictive maintenance systems regarding the absence of a robust provenance system and specification. To tackle this issue, we propose a provenance system based on the PROV-O schema, designed to enhance explainability, accountability, and transparency in predictive maintenance processes. Our framework facilitates the collection, processing, recording, and visualization of provenance data, integrating them seamlessly into these systems. We developed a prototype to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach and conducted comprehensive user studies to assess the system’s usability. Participants found the extended PROV-O structure valuable, with improved task completion times. Furthermore, performance tests demonstrated that our system manages high workloads efficiently, with minimal overhead. The contributions of this study include the design of a provenance system tailored for predictive maintenance and a specification that ensures scalability and efficiency.
Revealing the Role of Pre-Strain on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Mn Austenitic Steel
Authors: Sun Chao , Xu Bin , Yan Xuqiang , Zhu Yufei , Yu Jieru , Hu Bin , Yu Yishuang , Liu Shilong , Jin Xuejun
Published: December 2024

The effects of different pre-strain levels on the dislocation density, twinning behavior, resultant tensile properties, and cryogenic impact toughness of a high-manganese austenitic steel for low-temperature service were investigated. The results indicate that the dislocation density and volume fraction of twins are sharply increased when the pre-strain exceeds 15%, leading to an increase in yield strength and a decrease in impact toughness. At a 5% pre-strain level, few mechanical twins are observed while the dislocation density increases, resulting in enhanced yield strength whilst maintaining the toughness. The dislocation and grain refinement strengthening effects dominate the yield strength at various pre-strain levels. The initial mechanical twins and increased dislocations induced by pre-straining adversely affect the impact toughness. These findings validate the potential of controlling the mechanical twins and dislocations via pre-strain treatment as an effective approach to tailoring the mechanical properties of high-manganese austenitic steel.
Bacterial Diversity Profiles of Desert Sand and Salt Crusts from the Gran Desierto de Altar, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Ramos-Madrigal Cristal , Martínez-Romero Esperanza , Tapia-Torres Yunuen , Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E.
Published: December 2024

The Gran Desierto de Altar, located in Sonora, Mexico, represents an arid region that offers an opportunity to study microbial life under extreme conditions. This study analyzed the bacterial diversity present in two distinct types of desert sediments: sand dunes (SDs) and salt crusts (SCs) by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Environmental DNA was obtained for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to obtain taxonomic information using QIIME2. In SD, the bacterial communities comprised 24 phyla, with Actinobacteriota (30–40%), Proteobacteria (22–27%), Bacteroidota (9–11%), Firmicutes (7–10%), and Chloroflexi (3–6%) emerging as the most abundant. Notably, in SC, the archaeal phylum Halobacterota was predominant (37–58%). SC hosted 12 bacterial phyla, the most abundant being Firmicutes (14–30%), Bacteroidota (3–24%), and Proteobacteria (1–12%). Bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, including Metabacillus niabensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus, were isolated using nutrient and saline media. Overall, our findings indicate that the taxonomic composition of the samples analyzed from the Gran Desierto de Altar is consistent with that found in arid environments worldwide. This study provides a basis for future studies focusing on microbial diversity, genetic potentials, and resistance mechanisms of microorganisms from arid environments.
Echocardiography in the Assessment of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Dini Frank L. , Cameli Matteo , Stefanini Andrea , Aboumarie Hatem Soliman , Lisi Matteo , Lindqvist Per , Henein Michael Y.
Published: December 2024

Doppler echocardiography is the corner-stone of non-invasive investigation of patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure. It provides an accurate and quantitative assessment of cardiac structure and function. Furthermore, spectral Doppler measurement is an invaluable technique for estimating intracardiac pressures with their crucial value in the optimum management of heart failure patients, irrespective of ejection fraction. Speckle tracking echocardiography stretches the unique application of echocardiography to analyze the myocardial deformation function which has proved very accurate in detecting ischemia, dyssynchrony, subclinical dysfunction and also in estimating pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. The role of longitudinal myocardial left atrial deformation dynamics has recently emerged as a valuable tool for assessing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with cardiac diseases regardless of their ejection fraction. Finally, the extent of myocardial deformation has been shown to correlate with the severity of myocardial fibrosis, a common finding in patients with heart failure.
A Clinical Evaluation of Cardiovascular Emergencies: A Comparison of Responses from ChatGPT, Emergency Physicians, and Cardiologists
Authors: Geneş Muhammet , Deveci Bülent
Published: December 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, like ChatGPT, are gaining attention for their potential in supporting clinical decisions. This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-4o in acute cardiological cases compared to cardiologists and emergency physicians. Methods: Twenty acute cardiological scenarios were used to compare the responses of ChatGPT-4o, cardiologists, and emergency physicians in terms of accuracy, completeness, and response time. Statistical analyses included the Kruskal–Wallis H test and post hoc comparisons using the Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Results: ChatGPT-4o and cardiologists both achieved 100% correct response rates, while emergency physicians showed lower accuracy. ChatGPT-4o provided the fastest responses and obtained the highest accuracy and completeness scores. Statistically significant differences were found between ChatGPT-4o and emergency physicians (p < 0.001), and between cardiologists and emergency physicians (p < 0.001). A Cohen’s kappa value of 0.92 indicated a high level of inter-rater agreement. Conclusions: ChatGPT-4o outperformed human clinicians in accuracy, completeness, and response time, highlighting its potential as a clinical decision support tool. However, human oversight remains essential to ensure safe AI integration in healthcare settings.
Automated Support Generation for Fixed Partial Dentures and Impact of Bone Loss, Bone Quality and Support Types: Parametric Cad and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Jemaa Hassen , Eisenburger Michael , Greuling Andreas
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to develop an algorithm for modelling tooth–tooth or implant–implant support configurations for a given 4-unit fixed partial denture (FPD). Methods: The algorithm was implemented in Rhinoceros/Grasshopper to automatically generate geometries with varying bone loss (0 mm to 3 mm), support type (tooth–tooth and implant–implant support) and bone quality (D1 to D4) for a 4-unit FPD. Afterward, a finite element analysis was carried out with a load applied to the central connector of the FPD. Stresses in the FPD and the bone around the support were analysed. Results: The results indicated that stresses in the bone were influenced by both the depth of bone loss and bone quality across both support types. The maximum stress in the tested FPD models for tooth–tooth support was not significantly influenced by bone quality; instead, the stress peaks were primarily influenced by the depth of bone loss. For D1 bone, the stresses in FPD and bone increased by 4.79% and 8.86%, respectively, for tooth–tooth support and about 32.67% and 100.96%, respectively, for implant–implant support. Conclusions: The proposed algorithm allows for the automatic, parametrised generation of support for 4-unit fixed partial dentures, which can be used to predict the effect of bone loss and bone quality on stresses for patient-specific geometries. The optimal treatment for support type should be adapted to the patient’s specific needs to ensure long-term stability. A decision support involving automatic modelling, e.g., of support, and simulation might improve clinical treatment planning from a long-term perspective.
Statistical Testing of Random Number Generators and Their Improvement Using Randomness Extraction
Authors: Foreman Cameron , Yeung Richie , Curchod Florian J.
Published: December 2024

Random number generators (RNGs) are notoriously challenging to build and test, especially for cryptographic applications. While statistical tests cannot definitively guarantee an RNG’s output quality, they are a powerful verification tool and the only universally applicable testing method. In this work, we design, implement, and present various post-processing methods, using randomness extractors, to improve the RNG output quality and compare them through statistical testing. We begin by performing intensive tests on three RNGs—the 32-bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR), Intel’s ‘RDSEED,’ and IDQuantique’s ‘Quantis’—and compare their performance. Next, we apply the different post-processing methods to each RNG and conduct further intensive testing on the processed output. To facilitate this, we introduce a comprehensive statistical testing environment, based on existing test suites, that can be parametrised for lightweight (fast) to intensive testing.
Kinetic Theory of Self-Propelled Particles with Nematic Alignment
Authors: Boltz Horst-Holger , Kohler Benjamin , Ihle Thomas
Published: December 2024

We present the results from kinetic theory for a system of self-propelled particles with alignment interactions of higher-order symmetry, particularly nematic ones. To this end, we use the Landau equation approach, a systematic approximation to the BBGKY hierarchy for small effective couplings. Our calculations are presented in a pedagogical way with the explicit goal of serving as a tutorial from a physicists’ perspective into applying kinetic theory ideas beyond mean-field to active matter systems with essentially no prerequisites and yield predictions without free parameters that are in quantitative agreement with direct agent-based simulations
Innovations in Introductory Programming Education: The Role of AI with Google Colab and Gemini
Authors: Llerena-Izquierdo Joe , Mendez-Reyes Johan , Ayala-Carabajo Raquel , Andrade-Martinez Cesar
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence on the teaching of programming, focusing on the GenAI Gemini tool in Google Colab. It evaluates how this technology influences the comprehension of fundamental concepts, teaching processes, and effective teaching practices. In this research, students’ motivation, interest, and satisfaction are determined, as well as the fulfillment and surpassing of their learning expectations. With a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design, an investigation was carried out in seven programming groups in a polytechnic university in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The results reveal that the use of GenAI significantly increases interest in programming, with 91% of the respondents expressing increased enthusiasm. In addition, 90% feel that the integration of GenAI meets their expectations, and 91% feel that it has exceeded those expectations in terms of educational support. This study evidences the value of integrating advanced technologies into education, suggesting that GenAI can transform the teaching of programming. However, successful implementation depends on timely training of educators, ethics training for students, ongoing interest in the technology, and a curriculum design that maximizes the capabilities of GenAI.
Full Tailored Metal Content NCM Regeneration from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Mixture Under Mild Condition
Authors: Tsang Alpha Chi Him , Ouyang Shaobo , Lv Yang , Lee Chi Chung , Tsang Chi-Wing , Lu Xiao-Ying
Published: December 2024

Mild conditioned, second-life ternary nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) black powder regeneration from spent lithium-ion batteries’ (LIBs) black powder mixture was demonstrated after mild conditioned p-toluenesulphuric acid (PTA)-assisted wet leaching. The NCM ratio was tailored to several combinations (333, 523, 532, and 622) by adding a suitable amount of metal (Ni, Co, Mn)-sulphate salt to the leachate. Regenerated NCM was obtained by co-precipitation with sodium hydroxide pellets and ammonia pH buffering solution, followed by lithium (Li) sintering under ambient air and size sieving. The obtained regenerated NCM powder was used for the energy storage materials (ESM) in coin cell (Li half-cell, CR2032) evaluation. Systematic characterization of regenerated NCM showed that the NCM ratio was close to the target value as assigned in the tailored process, and regenerated 622 (R622) exhibited strong activity in CR2032 coin cell testing among all four ratios with a maximum discharge capacity of 196.6 mAh/g.
Standalone Home Battery Systems in the UK: An Assessment of Economic Viability with Consideration of Additional Impacts
Authors: Reddy Arun Medapati , Feldman Adam , Ghosh Aritra
Published: December 2024

There have been several studies conducted on the economic viability of home battery systems paired with rooftop solar PV systems over the years; however, there have been far fewer studies looking into the economic viability of standalone home battery systems, which is the main area assessed in this study. Rather than being used to store excess solar generation, a home battery system is used with time-of-use tariffs to take advantage of cheaper, off-peak rates. This works by charging the battery overnight at the off-peak rate and drawing electricity from the battery during the day, rather than from the grid at the more expensive peak rate. This study found only one of the four assessed home battery systems to be economically viable for this application, with a net cash flow of GBP 1842 over its 12-year lifetime, a return on investment of 33%, and a payback period of 9 years. Beyond their potential to save money on electricity bills, this study also investigated the potential of home battery systems to prevent GHG emissions by considering the variation in the carbon intensity of the grid between peak and off-peak times. The economically viable system has a lifetime emissions prevention potential of 308 kg CO2-e. However, when compared with the emissions associated with its manufacture based on an LCA study of home battery systems, the manufacture of the system causes more emissions than it prevents throughout its life by 1754 kg CO2-e. This shows that the systems do not have a positive impact on the environment in this respect. However, this study also considers some additional impacts of home battery systems to discuss whether they could have an overall positive impact, such as by improving grid stability, which helps facilitate the implementation of renewable energy generation.
A Survey of Open-Source UAV Autopilots
Authors: Aliane Nourdine
Published: December 2024

This survey provides a comprehensive comparison of prominent open-source unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autopilots, focusing on their hardware compatibility, software features, and communication protocols. Additionally, it assesses the impact of these autopilots on research and education by examining their potential for integration with companion computers, compatibility with robot operating system (ROS) middleware and the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the availability of simulation-in-the-loop (SITL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation tools. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these leading open-source autopilots.
Development and Experimentation of a Universal Array-Style Grain Flow Sensor for Multiple Crops Based on Random Forest Flow Regression Model
Authors: Chai Xiaoyu , Zhang Pengtao , Hu Jinpeng , Xu Lizhang , Shi Maolin , Wang Yingfeng , Zhang Min
Published: December 2024

To develop a grain flow sensor for combine auger grain outlets, a combine auger elevator was evaluated as the research object. A multi-point distributed array-style differential grain flow sensor for rice and wheat has been developed and tested on three field crops, rice, wheat, and rapeseed. The open system flow test bench was designed to compare the effects of differential processing in the time and frequency domains, as well as different filtering methods on the pre-processing of the collected raw sensor signals. Moreover, a random forest algorithm-based flow regression model was constructed for rice, wheat, and rapeseed based on the comparison of the flow signals of different grains. A weighted multiple linear regression model was constructed as the control group, and both bench and field tests were conducted. The results show that the sensor designed in this study can meet the needs of on-line grain flow monitoring. Meanwhile, the field monitoring errors for rice, wheat, and rapeseed based on the random forest flow regression model were −6.42~8.23%, −7.21~5.71%, and −4.19~4.78%, respectively, significantly better than the control group. The universal array-style grain flow sensor developed in this study provides significant practical value for the promotion and development of precision agriculture.
Designing UAV Charging Framework for Forest Area with Microgrid
Authors: Yu Ming
Published: December 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are suitable for forest fire monitoring, which is critical to prevent unexpected hazards. However, a lack of charging measures is the bottleneck restricting the development of surveillance drones in forest areas. This paper envisions a hierarchical charging framework of heterogeneous drones for forest fire surveillance based on a microgrid with renewable energy. Different replenishment methods of heterogeneous drones, as well as the coordination control strategy of the microgrid in a forest, which are designed to support continuous surveillance, are specified. To improve the transient stability as well as the capacity of fault ride-through in a forest microgrid for the multiple charging of fire surveillance drones, coordination control with a speed regulation strategy for a forest microgrid is proposed in which the substantial kinetic energy generated by the rotation of wind turbines is utilized to mitigate power fluctuations in a timely manner. Simulations are conducted under typical working conditions to verify the effectiveness of the method.
The Influence of Temperature on Rheological Parameters and Energy Efficiency of Digestate in a Fermenter of an Agricultural Biogas Plant
Authors: Gruszczyński Maciej Filip , Kałuża Tomasz , Czekała Wojciech , Zawadzki Paweł , Mazurkiewicz Jakub , Matz Radosław , Pawlak Maciej , Jarzembowski Paweł , Nezhad Farokh Sahraei , Dach Jacek
Published: December 2024

This investigation specifically aims to enhance the understanding of digestate flow and mixing behavior across typical temperatures in bioreactors in agricultural biogas plants, facilitating energy-efficient mixing. Experimental tests confirmed that digestate exhibits non-Newtonian characteristics, allowing its flow behavior to be captured by rheological models. This study validated that digestate rheology significantly varies with temperature, which influences flow resistance, mixing efficiency and overall energy requirements. Two rheological models—the Bingham and Ostwald models—were applied to characterize digestate behavior, with the Ostwald model emerging as the most effective for Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations, given its balance between predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. Specifically, results suggest that, while three-parameter models, like the Herschel–Bulkley model, offer high precision, their computational intensity is less suitable for large-scale modeling where efficiency is paramount. The small increase in the accuracy of the shearing process description does not compensate for the significant increase in CFD calculation time. Higher temperatures were found to reduce flow resistance, which in turn enables increased flow rates and more extensive mixing zones. This enhanced mass transfer and mixing potential at elevated temperatures are especially pronounced in peripheral areas of the bioreactor, farthest from the agitators. By contributing a model for rheological behavior under realistic bioreactor conditions, this study supports the optimization of energy use in biogas production. These findings emphasize that temperature adjustments within bioreactors could serve as a reliable control strategy to maintain optimal production conditions while minimizing operational costs.
Development of a Mechanical Vehicle Battery Module Simulation Model Combined with Short Circuit Detection
Authors: Jantscher Klemens , Kreimaier Heimo , Miralem Alem , Breitfuss Christoph
Published: December 2024

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant traction within the automotive industry, driven by the societal push towards climate neutrality. These vehicles predominantly utilize lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for storing electric traction energy, posing new challenges in crash safety. This paper presents the development of a mechanically validated LIB module simulation model specifically for crash applications, augmented with virtual short circuit detection. A pouch cell simulation model is created and validated using mechanical test data from two distinct out-of-plane load cases. Additionally, a method for virtual short circuit prediction is devised and successfully demonstrated. The model is then extended to the battery module level. Full-scale mechanical testing of the battery modules is performed, and the simulation data are compared with the empirical data, demonstrating the model’s validity in the out-of-plane direction. Key metrics such as force-displacement characteristics, force, deformation, and displacement during short circuit events are accurately replicated. It is the first mechanically valid model of a LIB pouch cell module incorporating short circuit prediction with hot spot location, that can be used in full vehicle crash simulations for EVs. The upscaling to full vehicle simulation is enabled by a macro-mechanical simulation approach which creates a computationally efficient model.