bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Immune Infiltration and Clinical Significance of Lysosome-Related Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Xiao Ya-Li , Liu Bo , Shi Xin , Yue Chao , Ma Na , Yao Lun-Guang , Kan Yun-Chao , Tang Cun-Duo
Published: March 2023

Background Immunotherapy has become increasingly important in the treatment of various malignant tumors. The interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the efficacy of immunotherapy. The phenotype of cancer cells is thought to be influenced by lysosomal activity. The overall activity of lysosomes, including autophagy, has been shown to inhibit tumor occurrence. Nonetheless, the relationship between lysosomal function in Colon Adenocarcinoma (COAD) and clinical prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and response to immunotherapy remain to be elucidated. Methods We thoroughly determined the relationship between lysosomes and transcription patterns, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration by carefully evaluating 32 lysosomal-related genes (LRGs). Subsequently, we evaluated their value in COAD treatment outcomes and prognosis prediction. Results We explored the genetic changes of LRGs in COAD samples and discovered their expression patterns using the TCGA and GEO databases. We identified two relevant subgroups as well as Established that clinical-pathological features, prognosis, and invasive TME were all associated with Coad mutations. We then developed an LRG_score to predict overall survival (OS) and demonstrated its accuracy as a predictive indicator for COAD patients. We also developed an extremely accurate nomogram chart for the clinical feasibility of LRG_score. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis revealed a strong association between LRG_score and anti-cancer drugs. Conclusion Overall, we identified the prognostic LRG characteristics of COAD patients. This characteristic may help to elucidate the features of TME and explore more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Exploring the antibiogram of soil isolates from an Indian hospital precinct: Link to antibiotic usage
Authors: Kunhikannan Shalini , Thomas Colleen J. , Sumana M N , Franks Ashley E. , Kumar Sumana , Nagarathna S. , Petrovski Steve , Shindler Anya E.
Published: March 2023

Objective Hospitals serve as hotspots of antibiotic resistance. Despite several studies exploring antibiotic resistance in hospitals, none have explored the resistance profile of soil bacteria from a hospital precinct. This study examined and compared the antibiogram of the soil isolates from a hospital and its affiliated university precinct, to determine if antibiotic resistant bacteria were present closer to the hospital. Results 120 soil samples were collected from JSS Hospital and JSS University in Mysore, India across three consecutive seasons (monsoon, winter and summer). 366 isolates were randomly selected from culture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 128 isolates ofPseudomonas(n = 73),Acinetobacter(n = 30),Klebsiellaspecies (n = 15) andEscherichia coli(n = 10).Pseudomonasspecies exhibited the highest antibiotic resistance. Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, an extended-spectrum carboxypenicillin antibiotic used to treat moderate-to-severe infections, ranked highest amongst the antibiotics to whom these isolates were resistant (n = 51 out of 73, 69.9%). Moreover, 56.8% (n = 29) were from the hospital and 43.1% (n = 22) were from the university precinct, indicating antibiotic resistant bacteria were closer to the hospital setting. This study highlights the effect of antibiotic usage in hospitals and the influence of anthropogenic activities in the hospital on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance into hospital precinct soil.
The late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) identified in Loch Flugarth, north Mainland
Authors: Engel Max , Hess Katharina , Dawson Sue , Patel Tasnim , Koutsodendris Andreas , Vakhrameeva Polina , Klemt Eckehard , Kempf Philipp , Schön Isa , Heyvaert Vanessa M.A.
Published: March 2023

To assess the long-term hazard of tsunamis, particularly in regions with a short and fragmented historical record, sedimentary deposits of tsunamis are an essential tool. In the North Sea region, evidence of tsunamis is scarce. The Shetland Islands are an exception, as they contain abundant deposits of the Storegga tsunami (c. 8150 cal. a BP), and additionally more fragmented evidence of younger tsunami events c. 5500 and c. 1500 cal. a BP. Sediments of the youngest tsunami (the “Dury Voe” event) have only been found at two sites so far, marked by thin landward fining and landward thinning sand sheets which are vertically confined by peat.
Here, we present sedimentary evidence for the youngest Shetland tsunami from the small coastal lake of Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland. Three gravity cores of up to 91.7 cm length were taken behind the barrier separating the lake from a shallow marine embayment. The cores show organic-rich background deposition with many sub-cm-scale sand layers, reflecting recurring storm overwash and a sediment source limited to the active beach and uppermost subtidal zone. A basal 13 cm-thick sand layer, dated to 426–787 cal. a CE based on 14C, 137Cs and Bayesian age-depth modelling, was found in all three cores. High-resolution grain-size analysis identified four normally graded sublayers with inversely graded traction carpets in the lower part of two sublayers. An organic-rich ‘mud’ drape and ‘mud’ cap cover the upper two sublayers, which also contain small rip-up clasts. Grain-size distributions show a difference between the basal sand layer and the coarser and better sorted thin storm layers. Principal component analysis of X-ray fluorescence core scanning data also distinguishes both sand units: Zr, Fe and Ti dominate the basal sand, while the thin storm layers are high in K and Si. The enrichment of the basal sand layer in Zr and Ti, in combination with increased magnetic susceptibility, may be related to higher heavy mineral content in the basal sand reflecting the additional marine sediment source of a tsunami deposit below the storm-wave base. Based on reinterpretation of chronological data from the two published sites and the chronostratigraphy of the present study, the Dury Voe tsunami seems to be slightly younger, i.e., closer to 1400 cal. a BP. Although the source of the tsunami remains unclear, the lack of evidence for this event outside of the Shetlands suggests that it was smaller than the older Storegga tsunami, which affected most of the North Sea basin.
Sığınma ve Savunma Yapılarının Tarihsel Gelişim Süreci: Tehlike ve Mekan
Authors: YALÇIN Çağrı , KEPENEK Engin
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı; insanlığın tarih boyunca kendilerini savunmak veya korumak amacıyla ürettikleri yapıların ve tasarımların tarihsel gelişim sürecini çok yönlü olarak derlemek ve analiz etmektir. Türlü tehlikeler, can ve mal güvenliğinin sağlanması hususunda çağlar boyunca insanları mekânsal arayışlara zorunlu kılmıştır. Mimari bilim ve sanat dalı olarak bu arayışlara yanıt verecek çözümler geliştirmiştir. Antik Çağ’dan beri yaşamın devamlılığı için tehdit olarak görülen tehlikeler ve onlara karşı koymak için geliştirilen sığınma ve savunma yapıları, azalmamış artarak çeşitlenmiştir. Malzeme ve yapı teknolojisindeki gelişmeler bu yapıların tasarımına da etki etmiştir. Sosyal, politik ve ekonomik koşullar da onları biçimlenmişlerdir. Konunun evrensel çerçevesi nedeniyle hangi savunma ve sığınma tekniğinin tam olarak ne zaman kullanıldığını saptamak mümkün değildir. Ancak araştırmalar üzerinden genel kanılara ulaşmak mümkündür. Bu araştırma kapsamında tarih çağlarında savunma ve sığınma yapıları analiz edilmeye çalışılmış, Yakın Çağ’da savaşların mimari üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmiş, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’deki güncel yaklaşımlara değinilmiştir. İnsanlık var olduğu müddetçe, tehlikeler de var olmaya devam edecektir. Bu nedenle geçmiş anlayışların ve mevcut durumun tespiti önem taşımaktadır.
Strenghtening Financial Technology Regulations through Securities Crowdfunding Service as Alternative Means to Indonesian MSEs Financing
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjajaran Jl. Raya Jatinagor Km, 21, Kec, Jatinagor, Kab. Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Maulana Sidiq , Shia Wase Meliala Dewi Ari ,   Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjajaran Jl. Raya Jatinagor Km, 21, Kec, Jatinagor, Kab. Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Elvetta Shisca ,   Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjajaran Jl. Raya Jatinagor Km, 21, Kec, Jatinagor, Kab. Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363
Published: March 2023

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) hold a crucial role and contribution in supporting the national economy. However, access to sources of MSMEs financing for business development is often constrained by several factors, one of which is the result of an assessment that is deemed to have less bankability. A number of innovations were carried out to overcome this problem. One of which is the use of fintech through the development of Securities Crowdfunding services as an alternative financing for MSEs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that POJK No.57/POJK.04/2020 and its amendments have filled the legal void in the capital market in accommodating the provision of Securities Crowdfunding services. However, the regulation still contains loopholes, particularly in relation to the potential risk for investors in investing activities due to the information asymmetry between investors and issuers. Therefore, it is necessary to make a push in overcoming this problem with a new mechanism by using a confidentiality agreement which is bridged by the service provider to ensure the protection of interests of the parties.
The Use of Peppermint Oil in Gastroenterology
Authors: Scarpellini Emidio , Broeders Bert , Schol Jolien , Santori Pierangelo , Addarii Mariachiara , Boccuto Luigi , Carbone Florencia , Abenavoli Ludovico , Tack Jan
Published: March 2023

Background:

For decades, mint has been used worldwide for its relieving effects against gastrointestinal disturbances. Peppermint is a perennial herb common in Europe and North America. The active ingredient of peppermint oil is menthol and has various gastroenterological and non-gastroenterological uses, especially in the context of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).

Methods:

We conducted a literature search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses randomized clinical trials, and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: peppermint oil, gastro-intestinal motility, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, gastrointestinal sensitivity, gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Results:

Peppermint oil and its constituents exert smooth muscle relaxant and anti-spasmodic effects on the lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, duodenum, and large bowel. Moreover, peppermint oil can modulate visceral and central nervous system sensitivity. Taken together, these effects suggest using peppermint oil both for improved endoscopic performance and for treating functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Importantly, peppermint oil has an attractive safety profile compared to classical pharmacological treatments, especially in FGIDs.

Conclusions:

Peppermint oil is a safe herbal medicine therapy for application in gastroenterology, with promising scientific perspectives and rapidly expanding use in clinical practice.
Solvent-free Microwave-assisted Synthesis of 1-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-
4-yl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) Propane-1,3-dione Using K2CO3 as Green Solid
Support
Authors: Dhokale Namdeo T. , Kale Satish B. , Nagre Sadashiv S. , Konda Shankaraiah G. , Dalvi Navanath R.
Published: March 2023

We herein present the synthesis of 1-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-(2-hydroxysubstituted
phenyl) propane-1,3-dione using microwave irradiation. Reactions were carried out by
employing a solvent-free path using K2CO3 as green solid support. The results were compared with
those of the conventional method. This microwave-assisted synthesis avoids hazardous solvents and
reduces the number of steps and time, providing increased yields. The synthesized products were
characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry.
A Critical Analysis of the Modern Synthetic Procedures Used to Produce Benzimidazole Candidates
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Dangi Neha , Mittal Nitin , Kalra Naresh
Published: March 2023

Background::

Benzimidazole is a remarkable heterocyclic chemical compound in which the phenyl ring is fused with the imidazole ring at positions 4 and 5. Benzimidazole derivatives have lots of medicinal activity in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives is challenging in this scientific field.

Methods::

In benzimidazole synthesis, simple nucleophilic substitution and condensation reactions involving carbonyl compounds and o-phenylenediamine have been used in previous times. Currently, green chemistry aspects such as solvent-free conditions, metal-free conditions, or using nanoparticle catalysts in various ways involving condensation, and cyclization are the methods of the new era.

Results::

Green chemistry methods are used widely in various chemical reactions, such as it was observed that the use of solvent-free conditions, metal-free conditions, or using nanoparticle catalysts molecules is a more efficient way to synthesize benzimidazole derivative.

Conclusion::

In this review, benzimidazole scaffold syntheses that have only recently been described in the literature through the end of 2021 are covered. Monosubstituted benzimidazoles (MSBs) and disubstituted-benzimidazoles (DSBs) are the primary targets of our research currently. Different ways have been found to make functionalized derivatives of benzimidazole, which are shown in this review as a powerful scaffold.
Preparation of Nanoparticle Doped Metal-organic Framework (MOF) and its Potential Use for Photodegradation of Antibiotics in Water: A Review
Authors: Adewuyi Adewale , Lau Woei Jye
Published: March 2023

Semiconductors have gained recognition as efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of
antibiotics in water. However, their performance is limited due to poor absorption of light, recombination
of electron-hole pairs, and poor recovery from an aqueous solution. This study reviewed the inclusion
of semiconductor nanoparticles in a metal-organic framework (MOF), forming nanoparticle@
MOF composite to overcome these challenges. Three methods including ship-in-bottle, bottlearound-
ship, and one-step synthesis were identified for the synthesis of nanoparticle@MOF composite.
Among the synthesis methods, the one-step method remains promising with high prospects. Nanoparticle@
MOF composite has exhibited high efficiency in removing antibiotics in an aqueous system
utilizing visible light as a photo source for promoting the process. Despite the success achieved,
there is a need for large-scale studies and cost evaluation to understand better the feasibility and economic
implications of the nanoparticle@MOF composite technique as an affordable technique for the
purification of an antibiotic-contaminated water system.
Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC): the level of radiological protection of the population due to the modern “dose-effect” model of the ICRP
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov V.K. , Menyajlo A.N. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Chekin S.Yu. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Spirin E.V. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Solomatin V.M. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV
Published: March 2023

After receiving the notification of the license granting and its registration in the license register it has become topical the preparation of the final version of the project documentation to guarantee the safety of the public residing in the proximity of the operating Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC), which includes a reactor unit BREST-OD-300, reprocessing module and a fuel fabrication/refabrication module. Currently International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, Publication 103) recommends for estimating radiological protection of the public to use carcinogenic risks estimates for individual organs and tissues, with account of equivalent doses and modern models of «dose-effect» relationship instead of the use of committed effective doses. The article demonstrates the 5-7 times spread of lifetime carcinogenic radiation risk values from exposure to different radionuclides, while the committed effective dose from intakes of the same radionuclides do not differ. The distinguishing characteristic of updated ICRP recommendations is consideration of gender and age of the exposed population when assessing radiation-related carcinogenic risks. The article presents estimates of lifetime attributable risk for critical groups of the public residing in the proximity of the PDEC; the risk was calculated with the use of estimates of annual air emissions from normally operated PDEC. Tritium (H-3) and cesium (Cs-137) emissions limit values have been calculated, the radionuclides ensure the normal functioning of the complex in a negligible radiation risk range for the population (Radiation Safety Standards (RSS-99/2009)).
Regional Differences in Medical Costs of Chronic Kidney Disease in the South Korean Population: Marginalized Two-Part Model
Authors: Park Minah , Yun Choa , Joo Jae Hong , Kang Soo Hyun , Jeong Sung Hoon , Nam Chung-Mo , Park Eun-Cheol , Han Yoondae , Jang Sung In
Published: March 2023

Background

There are regional gaps in the access to medical services for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is necessary to reduce those gaps, including the gaps involving medical costs.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze regional differences in the medical costs associated with CKD in the South Korean population.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study included participants randomly sampled from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort of South Korea. To select those who were newly diagnosed with CKD, we excluded those who were diagnosed in 2002-2003 and 2018-2019. A total of 5903 patients with CKD were finally included. We used a marginalized two-part longitudinal model to assess total medical costs.

Results

Our cohort included 4775 (59.9%) men and 3191 (40.1%) women. Of these, 971 (12.2%) and 6995 (87.8%) lived in medically vulnerable and nonvulnerable regions, respectively. The postdiagnosis costs showed a significant difference between the regions (estimate: –0.0152, 95% confidence limit: –0.0171 to –0.0133). The difference in medical expenses between the vulnerable and nonvulnerable regions showed an increase each year after the diagnosis.

Conclusions

Patients with CKD living in medically vulnerable regions are likely to have higher postdiagnostic medical expenses compared to those living in regions that are not medically vulnerable. Efforts to improve early diagnosis of CKD are needed. Relevant policies should be drafted to decrease the medical costs of patients with CKD disease living in medically deprived areas.
A Visual Analytic Tool (VIADS) to Assist the Hypothesis Generation Process in Clinical Research: Mixed Methods Usability Study
Authors: Jing Xia , Patel Vimla L , Cimino James J , Shubrook Jay H , Zhou Yuchun , Draghi Brooke N , Ernst Mytchell A , Liu Chang , De Lacalle Sonsoles
Published: March 2023

Background

Visualization can be a powerful tool to comprehend data sets, especially when they can be represented via hierarchical structures. Enhanced comprehension can facilitate the development of scientific hypotheses. However, the inclusion of excessive data can make visualizations overwhelming.

Objective

We developed a visual interactive analytic tool for filtering and summarizing large health data sets coded with hierarchical terminologies (VIADS). In this study, we evaluated the usability of VIADS for visualizing data sets of patient diagnoses and procedures coded in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).

Methods

We used mixed methods in the study. A group of 12 clinical researchers participated in the generation of data-driven hypotheses using the same data sets and time frame (a 1-hour training session and a 2-hour study session) utilizing VIADS via the think-aloud protocol. The audio and screen activities were recorded remotely. A modified version of the System Usability Scale (SUS) survey and a brief survey with open-ended questions were administered after the study to assess the usability of VIADS and verify their intense usage experience with VIADS.

Results

The range of SUS scores was 37.5 to 87.5. The mean SUS score for VIADS was 71.88 (out of a possible 100, SD 14.62), and the median SUS was 75. The participants unanimously agreed that VIADS offers new perspectives on data sets (12/12, 100%), while 75% (8/12) agreed that VIADS facilitates understanding, presentation, and interpretation of underlying data sets. The comments on the utility of VIADS were positive and aligned well with the design objectives of VIADS. The answers to the open-ended questions in the modified SUS provided specific suggestions regarding potential improvements for VIADS, and the identified problems with usability were used to update the tool.

Conclusions

This usability study demonstrates that VIADS is a usable tool for analyzing secondary data sets with good average usability, good SUS score, and favorable utility. Currently, VIADS accepts data sets with hierarchical codes and their corresponding frequencies. Consequently, only specific types of use cases are supported by the analytical results. Participants agreed, however, that VIADS provides new perspectives on data sets and is relatively easy to use. The VIADS functionalities most appreciated by participants were the ability to filter, summarize, compare, and visualize data.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/39414
Instrucciones Para autores 6-2
Authors: Hattori Hara Monica
Published: March 2023

Generalidades de la revista, Perioricidad, Indización, Aspectos éticos, Responsabilidad de las partes del proceso, Dictámen de propuestas, Características del escrito, y aceptación final.
A Novel Hybrid Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm for Fuel Consumption Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pick-up and Delivery Problem
Authors: Utama Dana Marsetiya , Fitriani Ulfa , Amallynda Ikhlasul , Azmi Rizal Dian
Published: March 2023

Currently, the issue of the fuel crisis has become a global concern. The distribution sector is one of the sectors that consume the most significant fuel. Therefore, an effective procedure for fuel energy efficiency is needed to resolve the routing problem. In addition, the vehicle load must be considered in delivery and pickup at each node. This research proposes the novel Hybrid Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm (HYSGA) algorithm to solve the Fuel Consumption Vehicle Routing Problem Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (FCVRPSPD) problem. The objective function to be achieved was to minimize fuel costs. This study conducted experiments with HYSGA parameters such as the number of Goatfish, iterations, and the number of goatfish clusters to optimize the FCVRPSPD problem. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was presented to examine the effect of the FCVRPSPD variable on fuel costs. This study also compared the proposed algorithm with several state-of-the-art procedures. The results showed that the parameters of the number of Goatfish and the HYSGA iteration affected fuel costs. Furthermore, based on experiments, the proposed algorithm provided a competitive fuel cost compared to other algorithms.
Mengontrol perilaku marah pada penderita skizofrenia dengan anger management
Authors: Tyas Dewi Suryaningtyas
Published: March 2023

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychological problems and has many impacts on sufferers and the surrounding environment. Many things are out of control in schizophrenics such as lack of emotional management. The purpose of this study was to control angry behavior in schizophrenics with anger management. Assessment methods used are interview, observation, graphic Test, Intelligence, TAT and WWQ. The intervention used to overcome angry behavior is behavior modification with anger management. The administration of anger management skills is carried out in six sessions. The results of the intervention showed that the frequency of verbal aggression of patients decreased, with an average of three times a day to once a day.
Keywords: Anger management, angry behavior, schizophrenia
Abstrak
Skizofrenia merupakan salah satu permasalahan psikologis yang paling berat dan banyak memunculkan dampak bagi penderita maupun lingkungan sekitar. Banyak hal yang tidak terkendali pada penderita skizofrenia seperti pengelolaan emosi yang kurang bagus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengendalikan perilaku marah pada penderita skizofrenia dengan anger management. Metode asesmen yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, Tes grafis, Inteligensi, TAT dan WWQ. Intervensi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi perilaku marah adalah modifikasi perilaku dengan anger management. Pemberian keterampilan manajemen amarah dilakukan dalam enam sesi. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi agresi verbal pasien menurun, dengan ratarata dari tiga kali sehari menjadi sekali dalam satu hari.
Kata kunci: Manajemen marah, perilaku marah, skizofrenia
Menurunkan kecemasan dengan Cognitive Behavior Therapy pada penderita Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Mawarizka Hanifa Timur , Fasikhah Siti Suminarti
Published: March 2023

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder experienced after people see or live in a state of danger for more than one month. The assessment in this case used clinical interviews, observation, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Sacks Sentence Completion Test (SSCT), graphics and wartegg, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and WHODAS 2.0. The intervention provided is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) which aims to change the subject's mindset to be more positive and adaptive behavior. The results of the intervention show that the percentage level of the subject's thoughts that she will die soon has been reduced to 30% and is aware that these thoughts are just mere shadows and do not necessarily occur to her, does not feel any physiological symptoms anymore since doing behavior activation in the second week, sleep quality begins to improve and have done new productive activities.
Keywords: PTSD, anxiety, cognitive behavior therapy
 
Abstrak
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) merupakan suatu gangguan yang muncul akibat individu mengalami suatu peristiwa yang memunculkan trauma yang berlangung lebih dari satu bulan. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini adalah untuk menurunkan PTSD. Metode asesmen yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dengan wawancara, observasi, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Sacks Sentence Completion Test, tes grafis dan wartegg, Thematic Apperception Test dan WHODAS 2.0. Intervensi yang diberikan kepada subjek adalah Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Hasilnya setelah dilakukan intervensi menunjukkan adanya perubahan tingkat pemikiran negative subjek, bahwa dirinya akan segera meninggal berkurang menjadi 30% dan memahami bahwa pikiran tersebut hanyalah distorsi dan belum tentu terjadi pada dirinya; tidak merasakan adanya gejala fisiologis lagi sejak melakukan behavior activation; kualitas tidur membaik dan dapat melakukan aktifitas yang produktif.
Kata kunci: PTSD, kecemasan, cognitive behavior therapy
Assessment of the Financial Condition of Selected Dairy Cooperatives during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kondej Magdalena
Published: March 2023

The aim of the article is to present the financial condition of selected dairy cooperatives using ratio analysis and selected discriminant models. The main objective of the paper is to assess the overall financial condition of dairy cooperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) and earlier years (2017-2019). The author focused, on the one hand, on the assessment of the financial condition of a selected group and, on the other hand, on the link between the financial situation of selected dairy cooperatives and state aid during the changing economic reality caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus. The financial analysis for dairy cooperatives also reveals a broader comparative context in the time span before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research shows that the analysed dairy cooperatives, with the exception of OSM Jasienica Rosielna, did not have a negative financial results.
On the lexicographic treatment of pronominal words (exemplified by Serbian demonstrative pronouns ovoliki, toliki and onoliki)
Authors: Klikovac Duska
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the lexicographic treatment of Serbian pronominal words (pronouns, pronominal adverbs and pronominal particles) in general, with a particular focus on the treatment of demonstrative pronouns for quantity ovoliki [?this big/ much/many?], toliki [?so big/much/many?] and onoliki [?that big/much/many?]. It is shown that, contrary to commonly held views, pronominal words can be semantically complex, and that their tripartite subsystems, characteristic of the Serbian language, could be appropriately treated as series entries (in the sense of the term as used by S. Landau). It is also shown that particular difficulties in defining the pronouns ovoliki, toliki, onoliki arise from their semantic ?multidimensionality?, i.e., the capability of semantic diversification on the basis of more than one of their semantic components. The pertinent components are the following: (1) the notion of quantity, which comprises various cases, depending on the nature of the concept whose quantity is pointed to; (2) the kind of space in which the quantity is pointed to - which may be the physical space or some of the metaphorical spaces. In addition, (3) the component of comparison (in the case of the pronouns ovoliki and onoliki) or pointing (in the case of the pronouns toliki and onoliki) can bleach. Upon close examination of the treatment of the pronouns ovoliki and onoliki in the Dictionary of Serbo-Croatian Literary and Vernacular Language, the paper proposes alternative definitions, based on the semantic analysis of the demonstrative pronouns under examination, taking into account all dimensions of semantic diversification.
Dynamics of Picea abies mortality and CO2 and CH4 fluxes from spruce trees decomposition in the southwest of the Valdai Upland, Russia
Authors:   A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS, Ivanov Dmitry G. , Kurbatova Julia A. ,   A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS
Published: March 2023

A mass decline of Picea abies (hereinafter – spruce), often associated with outbreaks of Ips typographus, is one of the main reasons for the reduction of spruce forests. In turn, dry and fallen trees can be both stock and source of greenhouse gases at various stages of decomposition. In our study, using an unmanned aerial vehicle, we evaluated the dynamics of spruce decline in two forest types in the southwest of the Valdai Upland (Central Forest State Nature Reserve, Russia), namely Sphagnum-bilberry forests and nemoral spruce forests. It was found that the rate of decline in Sphagnum-bilberry spruce forest was much higher than in nemoral spruce forest. By the fourth year after a windfall on 0.13 km2, 913 spruce individuals had withered in Sphagnum-bilberry forest and 66 ones in the nemoral spruce forest. Based on direct measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes by chamber method on dead trunks and coarse woody debris, it was found that in relative values the highest amount of CO2 is emitted by coarse woody debris of the decay classes 3–4 (800–1800 mg CO2 × m-2 × h-1). Deadwood and coarse woody debris from the first decay classes are assumed to be a source of CH4 (0.0008–0.0070 mg CO2 × m-2 × h-1), and from classes 3–5 they are a stock (from -0.0070 mg CO2 × m-2 × h-1 to -0.0009 mg CO2 × m-2 × h-1). When converted to the total surface areas of deadwood and coarse woody debris of the study sites, it was found that coarse woody debris of the decay classes 3–5 (2.3–13.6 kg CO2 × h-1) made the highest contribution to the integral CO2 emission, and deadwood (67 mg CH4 × h-1) made the highest contribution to the CH4 emission. Significant differences in greenhouse gas fluxes were found both between deadwood and decay classes of coarse woody debris, and between fluxes from deadwood and coarse woody debris of individual decay classes in various forest types. The results have shown the importance of considering deadwood and all available decay classes of coarse woody debris when estimating greenhouse gas fluxes from dead timber and the contribution of debris to the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems.
Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae) on the northern border of its distribution range (Komi Republic, Russia): population structure, fruit and seed set
Authors:   Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of RAS, Kirillova Irina A. , Kirillov Dmitry V. ,   Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of RAS
Published: March 2023

Orchids form one of the most threatened plant families in the world. For a successful conservation of these species, comprehensive studies of their biology and ecology are necessary, and long-term demographic studies are especially valuable in this regard. This article aimed to present results of long-term observations of two populations of Calypso bulbosa , a rare orchid included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, on the northern border of its range, in the Komi Republic (northeast of European Russia). Seasonal development, ontogenesis, number of individuals and structure of populations, and reproductive success of C. bulbosa were studied. The influence of weather factors on the peculiarities of the small and large life cycles of this species has been revealed. Populations of C. bulbosa located in various habitats differ in a number of characteristics (e.g. number of individuals, spatial placement of plants, their size, the number of generative individuals). The fruit set of C. bulbosa on the northern border of the range is quite low (28.4%). This is compensated by the formation of a large number of tiny (0.68 × 0.11 mm) seeds. The pollination efficiency of the species is affected by the temperature of the beginning of the growing season and precipitation of the second decade of June, as well as by the flowering time. With deterioration of habitat conditions (more northern or shaded habitats), the seed index increases. The seeds become more volatile, which increases chances of reaching favourable sites for seed germination. One capsule of C. bulbosa contains an average of 19 900 seeds. The real seed production is 6500 seeds per plant. The seed production of C. bulbosa varies greatly year by year; it depends on the weather conditions of the first decade of June. In both studied populations, the presence of juvenile individuals (from 3.3% to 41.4%) during all years of the study indicates a successful seed regeneration, which, along with vegetative growth, ensures the stable existence of C. bulbosa populations on the northern border of the range.
Kayısı Çekirdeğinin Kuruma ve Termo-Fiziksel Özelliklerine Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Etkis
Authors: Aksüt Burcu , Polatcı Hakan , Taşova Muhammed
Published: March 2023

Kayısı çekirdeği ağrı kesici, antimutajenik, iltihap önleyici ve antimikrobiyal olarak tıp alanında kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca kayısı çekirdeklerinin tatlı olanları çerez olarak tüketilmekte, acı olanları ise kozmetik sanayisinde hammadde olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kullanım alanlarını dolaylı veya doğrudan etkileyeceği düşünülen kayısı çekirdeği kurutma işleminde yöntemlerin etkisinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada, kayısı çekirdekleri etüvde (50°C, 60°C ve 70°C), iklimlendirme kabininde (%30 RH+50°C, %30 RH+60, ve %30 RH+70°C) ve gölgede olmak üzere 3 farklı yöntemde kurutulmuştur. Kurutma işlemlerinin kuruma süreleri incelendiğinde en uzun kuruma 22 saat ile gölgede kurutma yönteminde, en kısa kuruma ise 4 saat ile 70°C kurutma sıcaklığında etüvde tespit edilmiştir. Tüm yöntemler için matematiksel model verileri incelendiğinde; Midilli-Küçük model eşitliği Page, Yağcıoğlu ve Midilli-Küçük kurutma modelleri arasında en iyi model (R2=0.9999) olarak tahmin etmiştir. Renk değerleri incelendiğinde taze kayısı çekirdeğinin renk değerlerine istatistiksel açıdan en yakın yöntemler iklimlendirme kabininde 70°C ve %30 bağıl nem koşulunda, etüvde ise 70°C sıcaklıkta bulunmuştur. Termo-fiziksel özellikler de ise en büyük özgül ısı, termal iletkenlik, termal difüzivite değerleri gölgede kurutma yönteminde belirlenirken, en büyük özgül kütle değerleri ise 60°C de etüvde kurutulan örneklerde belirlenmiştir.
THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY ON DIGITAL BUSINESS AGREEMENTS: BETWEEN MITIGATION AND ORIENTATION
Authors: Arifin Miftah , Arifin Zaenal , Thuong Mac Thi Hoai
Published: March 2023

An agreement is one of the most frequently executed legal actions in daily life. This research seeks to anticipate the evolution of digital agreements by examining the legal provisions and regulations governing traditional agreements. Employing a normative legal research methodology, which incorporates statutory and conceptual approaches, the research findings reveal that efforts to address digital agreements within the framework of contract law still predominantly adhere to Article 1320 of the Civil Code. This approach emphasizes four key strategies for minimizing risks associated with digital agreements: First, a preventive orientation, which involves scrutinizing the parties entering into agreements. Second, the application of prudence and proportionality in interpreting the terms of digital agreements. Third, ensuring prudence and proportionality in including identifiable and contactable entities within digital agreements. Fourth, exercising prudence and proportionality in defining the object of the agreement. This research highlights that the principle of proportionality, when applied to digital agreements, requires specific regulations, especially concerning the minimum requirements for their implementation. This necessity arises from the distinct characteristics of digital agreements, which demand tailored provisions regarding their validity, while generally continuing to reference Article 1320 of the Civil Code.
Arabica Coffee Development Model in Alleviating Poverty in West Sumatra
Authors: Hasnah Hasnah , Hariance Rika , Hendri Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Arabica coffee has promising market potential in the world market, which reaches 85%. However, national coffee commodity production has been dominated by Robusta coffee which reaches 90% and only 10% of production is Arabica coffee. Given the opportunity of this Arabica coffee market, the West Sumatra government tried to develop this type of coffee. Solok Regency is an area that develops Arabica Coffee rapidly so that it can become the second largest Arabica coffee growing area in the last 3 years. The study aims to: (1) Measure the proportion of smallholder farmers whose income is below the poverty line and the severity of the poverty situation; (2) Analyze the influence of economic and non-economic factors on the poverty rate of coffee farmers. This research will be conducted in Solok Regency which is selected purposively with the consideration that this area has a high poverty rate and has a rapid growth in arabica coffee growing area. The results showed that the poverty rate of Arabica coffee farmers is quite large with a Head-count index of 0.50 meaning that as many as 50% of farmers have incomes that are below the poverty line. Arabica coffee farmers who are members of cooperatives have a higher poverty rate compared to non-cooperative farmers both from the Headcount Index and from the Poverty Gap Index and Poverty Severity Index. This is because cooperative farmers have no other source of income and are very dependent on coffee farming on narrow land. Factors that affect the poverty rate of Arabica coffee farmers are assets and being members of cooperatives. The existence of cooperatives will be able to increase opportunities for farmers to gain access to economic facilities, one of which is access to financing sources, so that it will be able to encourage farmers to develop their businesses and open new businesses to increase their income.To increase the income of Arabica coffee farmers, there needs to be policies to encourage farmers to open other businesses so as to increase farmers' incomes. Diversification of business becomes very important because it will be able to help farmers to get out of poverty.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Bespalez Corrêa Nelton Anderson
Published: March 2023

Editorial
Azheimer
Authors: Blay Sergio Luís , Bottino Cássio Machado de Campos , Laks Jerson
Published: March 2023

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Aspectos emocionais na alimentação
Authors: Kaio Glauber Higa , Appolinário José Carlos Borges , Mauro Maria Francisca
Published: March 2023

As emoções possuem uma forte influência na escolha dos alimentos consumidos. Muitas vezes escolhemos a comida sem nem mesmo perceber apenas para dar um conforto emocional momentâneo. Estes momentos podem ser gatilhos para diversos transtornos alimentares.

Os transtornos mais comuns são a bulimia, anorexia, obesidade, vigorexia. Homens também sofrem com transtornos alimentares? Em qual faixa etária é mais comum os transtornos se desenvolverem? Essas e outras perguntas serão respondidas no ABP TV.
Bullying e seus impactos na saúde mental
Authors: Kuczynski Evelyn , Assumpção Junior Francisco Baptista , Oliveira Kleber
Published: March 2023

Com o retorno às aulas presenciais em todo o Brasil, uma antiga preocupação também toma conta da cabeça dos pais e responsáveis: a prática do bullying.
Por isso, em fevereiro a Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria promove a sua primeira campanha de conscientização contra o bullying, que tem objetivo principal de proteger crianças e adolescentes e diminuir o índice de casos.
Quando a brincadeira extrapola os limites da diversão e passa a ser ofensiva, ela pode ser muito prejudicial tanto à saúde física quanto à saúde mental do indivíduo que está sofrendo bullying.
No programa de hoje, vamos conhecer como o bullying pode impactar a saúde mental das vítimas.
COMPARISON OF CALCIUM OXALATE CONCENTRATIONS WITH DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS IN PORANG FLOUR (AMOPHALUS MUELLERI BLUME)
Authors: Rahmawati Suci Hardina , Herdiana Novita
Published: March 2023

This study aims to compare the concentration of calcium oxalate in porang flour (Amophalus Muelleri Blume) using different extraction methods. The extraction method used is direct (non-stratified) extraction and stratified extraction. The percentage of purity of porang flour from multistage and non-stratified extraction, respectively, was 2.16% and 2.62%. Efficiency of ethanol content in the direct/non-staged purification process is 80% ethanol, while for the graded efficiency the levels are 40%, 60%, and 80%. Visual observations including flour color, viscosity, and proximate test showed purification of porang flour using graded extraction gave better results than ordinary/unstaged extraction.
Endless EU Facilitated - Mediated Dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia
Authors: Rrahmani Bashkim , Belegu Majlinda
Published: March 2023

The dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia facilitated and mediated by the EU and strong U.S. support is a critical part of sustainable peace, stability, and the road to the European integration of the Western Balkans. This article seeks to provide the mediators’ insights into the process of dialogue by outlining the factors and circumstances in which it is being developed, as well as analyzing strategies that lead toward desired success, peace, stability, and the EU integration of the Western Balkans. The article discusses the important issues linked with the dialogue that is being facilitated and negotiated by the EU, including essential activities, challenges, difficulties, obstacles, antagonism (inner and international), the approach the EU facilitators/mediators undertake as well as the reaction and the expected results that the parties involved in the process have regarding reaching a final solution to the dispute. The researchers of this paper used the methods of legal analysis, comparative analysis, and teleological analysis. The study is an update of the work done in the field by the authors and aims to contribute to further political, diplomatic, and academic debate developed in this field locally and internationally.
Is HF really necessary? Revisiting silica etching protocols in particle brushes
Authors: Cui Feichen , Sui Yang , Zhang Yipeng , Xie Zhikun , Yan Jiajun
Published: March 2023

Particle brushes are an emerging type of hybrid polymer material at present, among which the polymer brush with silica as the core is a the most common type. Normally, hydrofluoric acid is used to etch these particles prior to chromatographic analysis, but hydrofluoric acid is particularly hazardous to humans and the environment. Herein we reports the use of NH4HF2 instead of hydrofluoric acid for the etching process and is extended to particle brushes with other inorganic cores such as barium titanate.
Exciton localization and transfer in azobenzene aggregates: A surface hopping molecular dynamics study
Authors: Titov Evgenii
Published: March 2023

Molecular photoswitches are a promising class of molecules for development of new functional, light-controlled materials. In complex systems, composed of multiple photoswitchable units, photophysical and photochemical properties may be altered as compared to isolated chromophores. And phenomena such as excitation energy transfer may arise in the aggregated state. In the present work, using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with transition density matrix analysis, we study exciton dynamics in H-type tetramers of azobenzene, a prototypical molecular switch. We consider “free” and “constrained” (embedded in an environment of additional azobenzene molecules) models with different intermolecular distances (3.5 and 5.5 Å). Our simulations reveal ultrafast exciton localization upon ππ* excitation, occurring on a sub-100 fs timescale, and proceeding faster for the longer separation distance than for the shorter one. We also find that exciton transfer takes place during excited state dynamics in the ππ* manifold but it is strongly inhibited in the nπ* manifold. Moreover, we find that the ππ* trans→cis isomerization quantum yields are lower by a factor of about three for free / not strongly constrained tetramers than for the monomer, and no switching is observed for the most tightly packed model.