bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic vacuum therapy in salvage and standalone treatment of gastric leaks after bariatric surgery
Authors: Markus Ahrens , Henrik Beckmann Jan , Benedikt Reichert , Alexander Hendricks , Thomas Becker , Clemens Schafmayer , Jan-Hendrik Egberts
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Gastric leaks constitute some of the most severe complications after obesity surgery. Resulting peritonitis can lead to inflammatory changes of the stomach wall and might necessitate drainage. The inflammatory changes make gastric leak treatment difficult. A common endoscopic approach of using stents causes the problem of inadequate leak sealing and the need for an external drainage. Based on promising results using endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) for esophageal leaks, we implemented this concept for gastric leak treatment after bariatric surgery (Ahrens et al., Endoscopy 42(9):693–698, 2010; Schniewind et al., Surg Endosc 27(10):3883–3890, 2013).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 31 gastric leaks after bariatric surgery. For leak therapy management, we used revisional laparoscopy with suturing and drainage. EVT was added for persistent leaks in sixteen cases and was used in four cases as standalone therapy.

Results

Twenty-one gastric leaks occurred in 521 sleeve gastrectomies (leakage rate 4.0%), 9 in 441 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (leakage rate 2.3%), and 1 in 12 mini-bypasses. Eleven of these gastric leaks were detected within 2 days after bariatric surgery and successfully treated by revision surgery. Sixteen gastric leaks, re-operated later than 2 days, remained after revision surgery, and EVT was added. Without revision surgery, we performed EVT as standalone therapy in 4 patients with late gastric leaks. The EVT healing rate was 90% (18 of 20). In 2 patients with a late gastric leak in sleeve gastrectomy, neither revisional surgery, EVT, nor stent therapy was successful. EVT patients showed no complications related to EVT during follow-up.

Conclusion

EVT is highly beneficial in cases of gastric leaks in obesity surgery where local peritonitis is present. Revisional surgery was unsuccessful later than 2 days after primary surgery (16 of 16 cases). EVT shows a similar healing rate to stent therapy (80–100%) but a shorter duration of treatment. The advantages of EVT are endoscopic access, internal drainage, rapid granulation, and direct therapy control. In compartmentalized gastric leaks, EVT was successful as a standalone therapy without external drainage.
Sepsis in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin
Authors: Obermaier Manuel , Weigand Markus A. , Popp Erik , Uhle Florian
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund

Die Sepsis ist eine notfallmedizinische Herausforderung – denn diese lebensbedrohliche Organdysfunktion, verursacht durch eine dysregulierte Wirtsantwort auf eine Infektion, präsentiert sich in vielfältiger Ausprägung und wird deshalb häufig erst zu spät erkannt.

Fragestellung

Die kürzlich publizierten „surviving sepsis campaign“-Guidelines und die deutsche S3-Leitlinie geben Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Sepsis im intrahospitalen bzw. intensivmedizinischen Setting, gehen jedoch nicht explizit auf den Bereich der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin ein. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Evidenzlage im Hinblick auf die prähospitale Versorgung von Patienten mit Verdacht auf Sepsis herauszuarbeiten und daraus Handlungsoptionen für den Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst abzuleiten.

Diskussion

Die Therapie der Sepsis und des septischen Schocks wird in Bündeln zusammengefasst, wobei das erste idealerweise innerhalb der ersten Stunde abgeschlossen sein soll – analog zum Konzept der „golden hour“ bei anderen notfallmedizinischen Entitäten wie der Traumaversorgung. Die prähospitale Therapie fokussiert sich auf die Sicherung der Vitalparameter gemäß ABCDE-Schema, wobei insbesondere der Volumentherapie ein hoher Stellenwert zukommt. Die weiteren Maßnahmen des „1 h bundle“, wie Laktatmessung, Gewinnung mikrobiologischer Proben und Beginn einer antiinfektiven Therapie, sind regelhaft erst in der Klinik möglich. Ziel ist eine schnellstmögliche Fokussanierung, wofür die Auswahl und Vorabinformation einer geeigneten Zielklinik zur Initiierung und Bahnung der weiteren klinischen Diagnostik- und Behandlungspfade, eine strukturierte und gezielte Übergabe sowie regelmäßige Fortbildung erforderlich sind.
The relationship between net GHG emissions and radiative forcing with an application to Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement
Authors: Wigley Tom M. L.
Published: November 2021

This paper provides an assessment of Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement on climate; the main goal of which is to provide guidance on how “to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2”. Paraphrasing, Article 4.1 says that, to achieve this end, we should decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions so that net anthropogenic GHG emissions fall to zero in the second half of this century. To aggregate net GHG emissions, 100-year global warming potentials (GWP-100) are commonly used to convert non-CO2 emissions to equivalent CO2 emissions. The GWP-scaling method is tested using methane as an example. The temperature projections using GWP-100 scaling are shown to be seriously in error. This throws doubt on the use of GWP-100 scaling to estimate net GHG emissions. An alternative method to determine the net-zero point for GHG emissions based on radiative forcing is derived, where the net-zero point is identified with the maximum of GHG forcing. This shows that, to meet the Article 2 warming goal, the net-zero point for GHG emissions needs to be reached as early as 2036, much sooner than in the Article 4.1 window. Other scientific problems in Article 4.1 that further undermine its purpose to guide efforts to achieve the Article 2 temperature targets are discussed.
Maternal attachment representation, the risk of increased depressive symptoms and the influence on children’s mental health during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic
Authors: Köhler-Dauner Franziska , Buchheim Anna , Hildebrand Katherina , Mayer Inka , Clemens Vera , Ziegenhain Ute , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: November 2021

The social distancing measures and the related closure of education institutions have confronted young families, in particular, with various challenges. Additional risk factors such as an insecure or even unresolved maternal attachment representation may affect mental health of mothers and their children in times of increased stress such as during the ongoing pandemic. We aimed to analyze the interplay between maternal attachment representation and mother’s and children’s mental health before and during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic. 91 mothers completed a “SARS-CoV-2 pandemic survey” examining the pandemic-related stress of their families including their own depressive symptomology and their children’s mental health. Our mediation analysis demonstrates that the mothers’ depressive symptomology significantly and fully mediated the relationship between maternal attachment representations and children’s mental health during the pandemic. In contrast, the indirect effect of the maternal attachment representation on children’s mental health before the pandemic through the depressive symptoms experienced by the mothers before the pandemic did not reach significance alongside the total and direct effect. The quality of the maternal attachment representation, promoted by childhood maltreatment, seems to be one relevant risk factor for the mothers’ and children’s mental health during a stressful time like a pandemic. The risk for mothers to develop depressive symptoms in times of a pandemic is significantly influenced by their current representation of previous attachment experiences. In addition, the mental well-being of mothers showed a considerable influence on the children’s mental health during a pandemic. The results underline the necessity to consider unique needs of family members and to offer specific support in the current crisis focusing on attachment issues.
From complex data to biological insight: ‘DEKER’ feature selection and network inference
Authors: Hayes Sean M. S. , Sachs Jeffrey R. , Cho Carolyn R.
Published: November 2021

Network inference is a valuable approach for gaining mechanistic insight from high-dimensional biological data. Existing methods for network inference focus on ranking all possible relations (edges) among all measured quantities such as genes, proteins, metabolites (features) observed, which yields a dense network that is challenging to interpret. Identifying a sparse, interpretable network using these methods thus requires an error-prone thresholding step which compromises their performance. In this article we propose a new method, DEKER-NET, that addresses this limitation by directly identifying a sparse, interpretable network without thresholding, improving real-world performance. DEKER-NET uses a novel machine learning method for feature selection in an iterative framework for network inference. DEKER-NET is extremely flexible, handling linear and nonlinear relations while making no assumptions about the underlying distribution of data, and is suitable for categorical or continuous variables. We test our method on the Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM) challenge data, demonstrating that it can directly identify sparse, interpretable networks without thresholding while maintaining performance comparable to the hypothetical best-case thresholded network of other methods.
The Aesthetics of the Human Beast: A Comparative Study of Zola’s L’Assommoir, Galdós’ La Desheredada and Crane’s Maggie
Authors: Valentová Kateřina
Published: November 2021

The concept of the human beast is assigned to the French novelist, Émile Zola, who is the first to codify principles of Naturalism, against which all future naturalist works would be compared. In his novels, especially in the saga Les Rougon-Macquart, the human beast, «la bête humaine», appears as a literary character embedded in the lower social strata, who, due to harsh working and living conditions in the French capital during the Second Empire, acts according to its most basic instincts. The actions of a human beast are violent and brutal and its behavior conditioned by limited education. In his novels, Zola applies the doctrines of biological determinism as well as the laws of heredity attained from scientific readings that were very popular among the intellectuals of the period. However, the theoretical principles recollected in Le roman expérimental (G. Charpentier et Cie Éditeurs, 1880) were not equally applied in other countries due to different literary precedents as well as diverse socio-historical and philosophical backgrounds. This paper aims to examine the nuances in the aesthetic representation of the human beast in Zola’s L’Assommoir (1877), Galdós’ La Desheredada (1881) and Crane’s Maggie, a Girl of the Streets (1843), delving into the behavioral patterns which shape the unique characteristics of their human beasts.
Localized stationary seismic waves predicted using a nonlinear gradient elasticity model
Authors: Dostal Leo , Hollm Marten , Metrikine Andrei V. , Tsouvalas Apostolos , van Dalen Karel N.
Published: November 2021

This paper aims at investigating the existence of localized stationary waves in the shallow subsurface whose constitutive behavior is governed by the hyperbolic model, implying non-polynomial nonlinearity and strain-dependent shear modulus. To this end, we derive a novel equation of motion for a nonlinear gradient elasticity model, where the higher-order gradient terms capture the effect of small-scale soil heterogeneity/micro-structure. We also present a novel finite-difference scheme to solve the nonlinear equation of motion in space and time. Simulations of the propagation of arbitrary initial pulses clearly reveal the influence of the nonlinearity: strain-dependent speed in general and, as a result, sharpening of the pulses. Stationary solutions of the equation of motion are obtained by introducing the moving reference frame together with the stationarity assumption. Periodic (with and without a descending trend) as well as localized stationary waves are found by analyzing the obtained ordinary differential equation in the phase portrait and integrating it along the different trajectories. The localized stationary wave is in fact a kink wave and is obtained by integration along a homoclinic orbit. In general, the closer the trajectory lies to a homoclinic orbit, the sharper the edges of the corresponding periodic stationary wave and the larger its period. Finally, we find that the kink wave is in fact not a true soliton as the original shapes of two colliding kink waves are not recovered after interaction. However, it may have high amplitude and reach the surface depending on the damping mechanisms (which have not been considered). Therefore, seismic site response analyses should not a priori exclude the presence of such localized stationary waves.
Determining leaf nutrient concentrations in citrus trees using UAV imagery and machine learning
Authors: Costa Lucas , Kunwar Sudip , Ampatzidis Yiannis , Albrecht Ute
Published: November 2021

Nutrient assessment of plants, a key aspect of agricultural crop management and varietal development programs, traditionally is time demanding and labor-intensive. This study proposes a novel methodology to determine leaf nutrient concentrations of citrus trees by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery and artificial intelligence (AI). The study was conducted in four different citrus field trials, located in Highlands County and in Polk County, Florida, USA. In each location, trials contained either ‘Hamlin’ or ‘Valencia’ sweet orange scion grafted on more than 30 different rootstocks. Leaves were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to determine macro- and micronutrient concentration using traditional chemical methods. Spectral data from tree canopies were obtained in five different bands (red, green, blue, red edge and near-infrared wavelengths) using a UAV equipped with a multispectral camera. The estimation model was developed using a gradient boosting regression tree and evaluated using several metrics including mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error, MAPE-coefficient of variance (CV) ratio and difference plot. This novel model determined macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfur) with high precision (less than 9% and 17% average error for the ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ trials, respectively) and micro-nutrients with moderate precision (less than 16% and 30% average error for ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ trials, respectively). Overall, this UAV- and AI-based methodology was efficient to determine nutrient concentrations and generate nutrient maps in commercial citrus orchards and could be applied to other crop species.
Hypoxia modulates human mast cell adhesion to hyaluronic acid
Authors: Pastwińska Joanna , Walczak-Drzewiecka Aurelia , Kozłowska Elżbieta , Harunari Enjuro , Ratajewski Marcin , Dastych Jarosław
Published: November 2021

Hypoxia is an inherent factor in the inflammatory process and is important in the regulation of some immune cell functions, including the expression of mast cell pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Hypoxia also influences cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyaluronic acid is one of the major components of the ECM that is involved in inflammatory and tissue regeneration processes in which mast cells play a prominent role. This prompted us to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the expression of hyaluronic acid receptors in mast cells and mast cell adhesion to this ECM component. We found that human LAD2 mast cells spontaneously adhered to hyaluronic acid in a CD44-dependent manner and that reduced oxygen concentrations inhibited or even completely abolished this adhesion process. The mechanism of hypoxia downregulation of mast cell adhesion to hyaluronic acid did not involve a decrease in CD44 expression and hyaluronidase-mediated degradation of adhesion substrates but rather conformational changes in the avidity of CD44 to hyaluronic acid. Hypoxia-mediated regulation of mast cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components might be involved in the pathogenic accumulation of mast cells observed in the course of certain diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.
Chemical Fingerprint of Non-aged Artisanal Sugarcane Spirits Using Kohonen Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Caetano Daniela , Gonçalves Lima Clara Mariana , Lima Sanson Ananda , Faria Silva Debora , de Souza Hassemer Guilherme , Verruck Silvani , Gregorio Sandra Regina , da Silva Gilmare Antonia , de Cassia Franco Afonso Robson Jose , Xavier Coutrim Mauricio , El-Saber Batiha Gaber , Simal-Gandara Jesus
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the determination of the chemical profile of 24 non-aged Brazilian artisanal sugarcane spirits (cachaça) samples through chromatographic quantification and chemometric treatment via principal component analysis (PCA) and Kohonen’s neural network. In total, forty-seven (47) chemical compounds were identified in the samples of non-aged artisanal cachaça, in addition to determining alcohol content, volatile acidity, and copper. For the PCA of the chemical compounds’ profile, it could be observed that the samples were grouped into seven groups. On the other hand, the variables’ bearings were grouped together, making it difficult to separate the components in relation to the sample groups and reducing the chances of obtaining all the necessary information. However, by using a Kohonen’s neural network, samples were grouped into eight groups. This tool proved to be more accurate in the groups’ formation. Among the chemical classes of the compounds observed, esters stood out, followed by alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenol, and copper. The abundance of esters in these samples may suggest that these compounds would be part of the regional standard for cachaças produced in the region of Salinas, Minas Gerais.
Climate Change and Non-Identity
Authors: Tank Lukas
Published: November 2021

What is the practical relevance of the Non-Identity Problem (NIP) for our climate change-related duties? Climate change and the NIP are often discussed together, but there is surprisingly little work on the practical relevance of the NIP for the ethics of climate change. The central claim of this article is that the NIP makes a relatively minor difference to our climate change-related duties even if we pursue what has become known as the ‘bite the bullet’ strategy: endorse a person-affecting view threatened by the NIP and not modify it in such a way as to evade the NIP. In particular I will argue that a harm-based view can justify the big-picture call for action emerging from the field of climate ethics. The key to reaching this conclusion is pointing out the consequences of our climate change-related decisions for people whose existence does not depend on these very decisions.
Diel Redox Cycle of Manganese in the Surface Arctic Ocean
Authors: Xiang Y. , Lam P. J. , Lee J. M.
Published: November 2021

Knowledge of the chemical speciation of particulate manganese (pMn) is important for understanding the biogeochemical cycling of Mn and other particle‐reactive elements. Here, we present the synchrotron‐based X‐ray spectroscopy‐derived average oxidation state (AOS) of pMn in the surface Arctic Ocean collected during the United States GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (GN01) in 2015. We show that the pMn AOS is <2.4 when sampled during the day and more than ∼3.0 when sampled at night. We hypothesize that an active light‐dependent redox cycle between dissolved Mn and particulate Mn(III/IV) exists during the day‐night cycle in the surface Arctic Ocean, which occurs on the timescale of hours. The magnitude of observed pMn AOS is likely determined by the net effect of the length of the previous night and integrated light level before the end of pMn sampling.
Schizophrenia is defined by cell-specific neuropathology and multiple neurodevelopmental mechanisms in patient-derived cerebral organoids
Authors: Notaras Michael , Lodhi Aiman , Dündar Friederike , Collier Paul , Sayles Nicole M. , Tilgner Hagen , Greening David , Colak Dilek
Published: November 2021

Due to an inability to ethically access developing human brain tissue as well as identify prospective cases, early-arising neurodevelopmental and cell-specific signatures of Schizophrenia (Scz) have remained unknown and thus undefined. To overcome these challenges, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids to model neuropathology of Scz during this critical period. We discovered that Scz organoids exhibited ventricular neuropathology resulting in altered progenitor survival and disrupted neurogenesis. This ultimately yielded fewer neurons within developing cortical fields of Scz organoids. Single-cell sequencing revealed that Scz progenitors were specifically depleted of neuronal programming factors leading to a remodeling of cell-lineages, altered differentiation trajectories, and distorted cortical cell-type diversity. While Scz organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (Ctrls), four GWAS factors (PTN, COMT, PLCL1, and PODXL) and peptide fragments belonging to the POU-domain transcription factor family (e.g., POU3F2/BRN2) were altered. This revealed that Scz organoids principally differed not in their proteomic diversity, but specifically in their total quantity of disease and neurodevelopmental factors at the molecular level. Single-cell sequencing subsequently identified cell-type specific alterations in neuronal programming factors as well as a developmental switch in neurotrophic growth factor expression, indicating that Scz neuropathology can be encoded on a cell-type-by-cell-type basis. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing also specifically replicated the depletion of BRN2 (POU3F2) and PTN in both Scz progenitors and neurons. Subsequently, in two mechanistic rescue experiments we identified that the transcription factor BRN2 and growth factor PTN operate as mechanistic substrates of neurogenesis and cellular survival, respectively, in Scz organoids. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple mechanisms of Scz exist in patient-derived organoids, and that these disparate mechanisms converge upon primordial brain developmental pathways such as neuronal differentiation, survival, and growth factor support, which may amalgamate to elevate intrinsic risk of Scz.
An App knock-in rat model for Alzheimer’s disease exhibiting Aβ and tau pathologies, neuronal death and cognitive impairments
Authors: Pang Keliang , Jiang Richeng , Zhang Wei , Yang Zhengyi , Li Lin-Lin , Shimozawa Makoto , Tambaro Simone , Mayer Johanna , Zhang Baogui , Li Man , Wang Jiesi , Liu Hang , Yang Ailing , Chen Xi , Liu Jiazheng , Winblad Bengt , Han Hua , Jiang Tianzi , Wang Weiwen , Nilsson Per , Guo Wei , Lu Bai
Published: November 2021

A major obstacle in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research is the lack of predictive and translatable animal models that reflect disease progression and drug efficacy. Transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (App) gene manifest non-physiological and ectopic expression of APP and its fragments in the brain, which is not observed in AD patients. TheAppknock-in mice circumvented some of these problems, but they do not exhibit tau pathology and neuronal death. We have generated a rat model, with three familiarAppmutations and humanized Aβ sequence knocked into the ratAppgene. Without altering the levels of full-length APP and other APP fragments, this model exhibits pathologies and disease progression resembling those in human patients: deposit of Aβ plaques in relevant brain regions, microglia activation and gliosis, progressive synaptic degeneration and AD-relevant cognitive deficits. Interestingly, we have observed tau pathology, neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis and brain atrophy, phenotypes rarely seen in other APP models. ThisAppknock-in rat model may serve as a useful tool for AD research, identifying new drug targets and biomarkers, and testing therapeutics.
In-orbit demonstration of an iodine electric propulsion system
Authors: Rafalskyi Dmytro , Martínez Javier Martínez , Habl Lui , Zorzoli Rossi Elena , Proynov Plamen , Boré Antoine , Baret Thomas , Poyet Antoine , Lafleur Trevor , Dudin Stanislav , Aanesland Ane
Published: November 2021

Propulsion is a critical subsystem of many spacecraft1–4. For efficient propellant usage, electric propulsion systems based on the electrostatic acceleration of ions formed during electron impact ionization of a gas are particularly attractive5,6. At present, xenon is used almost exclusively as an ionizable propellant for space propulsion2–5. However, xenon is rare, it must be stored under high pressure and commercial production is expensive7–9. Here we demonstrate a propulsion system that uses iodine propellant and we present in-orbit results of this new technology. Diatomic iodine is stored as a solid and sublimated at low temperatures. A plasma is then produced with a radio-frequency inductive antenna, and we show that the ionization efficiency is enhanced compared with xenon. Both atomic and molecular iodine ions are accelerated by high-voltage grids to generate thrust, and a highly collimated beam can be produced with substantial iodine dissociation. The propulsion system has been successfully operated in space onboard a small satellite with manoeuvres confirmed using satellite tracking data. We anticipate that these results will accelerate the adoption of alternative propellants within the space industry and demonstrate the potential of iodine for a wide range of space missions. For example, iodine enables substantial system miniaturization and simplification, which provides small satellites and satellite constellations with new capabilities for deployment, collision avoidance, end-of-life disposal and space exploration10–14.
Cell-type specialization is encoded by specific chromatin topologies
Authors: Winick-Ng Warren , Kukalev Alexander , Harabula Izabela , Zea-Redondo Luna , Szabó Dominik , Meijer Mandy , Serebreni Leonid , Zhang Yingnan , Bianco Simona , Chiariello Andrea M. , Irastorza-Azcarate Ibai , Thieme Christoph J. , Sparks Thomas M. , Carvalho Sílvia , Fiorillo Luca , Musella Francesco , Irani Ehsan , Torlai Triglia Elena , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra A. , Abentung Andreas , Apostolova Galina , Paul Eleanor J. , Franke Vedran , Kempfer Rieke , Akalin Altuna , Teichmann Sarah A. , Dechant Georg , Ungless Mark A. , Nicodemi Mario , Welch Lonnie , Castelo-Branco Gonçalo , Pombo Ana
Published: November 2021

The three-dimensional (3D) structure of chromatin is intrinsically associated with gene regulation and cell function1–3. Methods based on chromatin conformation capture have mapped chromatin structures in neuronal systems such as in vitro differentiated neurons, neurons isolated through fluorescence-activated cell sorting from cortical tissues pooled from different animals and from dissociated whole hippocampi4–6. However, changes in chromatin organization captured by imaging, such as the relocation ofBdnfaway from the nuclear periphery after activation7, are invisible with such approaches8. Here we developed immunoGAM, an extension of genome architecture mapping (GAM)2,9, to map 3D chromatin topology genome-wide in specific brain cell types, without tissue disruption, from single animals. GAM is a ligation-free technology that maps genome topology by sequencing the DNA content from thin (about 220 nm) nuclear cryosections. Chromatin interactions are identified from the increased probability of co-segregation of contacting loci across a collection of nuclear slices. ImmunoGAM expands the scope of GAM to enable the selection of specific cell types using low cell numbers (approximately 1,000 cells) within a complex tissue and avoids tissue dissociation2,10. We report cell-type specialized 3D chromatin structures at multiple genomic scales that relate to patterns of gene expression. We discover extensive ‘melting’ of long genes when they are highly expressed and/or have high chromatin accessibility. The contacts most specific of neuron subtypes contain genes associated with specialized processes, such as addiction and synaptic plasticity, which harbour putative binding sites for neuronal transcription factors within accessible chromatin regions. Moreover, sensory receptor genes are preferentially found in heterochromatic compartments in brain cells, which establish strong contacts across tens of megabases. Our results demonstrate that highly specific chromatin conformations in brain cells are tightly related to gene regulation mechanisms and specialized functions.
Drug-drug interactions in atrial fibrillation patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Lee Ji Yun , Oh Il-Young , Lee Ju-Hyeon , Kim Seok , Cho Jihoon , Park Charg Hyun , Yoo Sooyoung , Bang Soo-Mee
Published: November 2021

Polypharmacy is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), making these patients vulnerable to the occurrence of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We assessed the risk of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in the context of concomitant treatment with potential DDIs in patients with AF prescribed direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Using the common data model (CDM) based on an electronic health record (EHR) database, we included new users of DOACs from among patients treated for AF between January 2014 and December 2017 (n = 1938). The median age was 72 years, and 61.8% of the patients were males, with 28.2% of the patients having a CHA2DS2-VASc score in category 0–1, 49.4% in category 2–3, and 22.4% in category ≥ 4. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly associated with ischemic stroke occurrence and hospitalization for major bleeding. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increased risk of ischemic stroke and hospitalization for major bleeding was associated with the number of DDIs regardless of comorbidities: ≥ 2 DDIs was associated with ischemic stroke (OR = 18.68; 95% CI, 6.22–55.27, P < 0.001) and hospitalization for major bleeding (OR = 5.01; 95% CI, 1.11–16.62, P < 0.001). DDIs can cause reduced antithrombotic efficacy or increased risk of bleeding in AF patients prescribed DOACs.
Neural correlates of vocal initiation in the VTA/SNc of juvenile male zebra finches
Authors: Yanagihara Shin , Ikebuchi Maki , Mori Chihiro , Tachibana Ryosuke O. , Okanoya Kazuo
Published: November 2021

Initiation and execution of complex learned vocalizations such as human speech and birdsong depend on multiple brain circuits. In songbirds, neurons in the motor cortices and basal ganglia circuitry exhibit preparatory activity before initiation of song, and that activity is thought to play an important role in successful song performance. However, it remains unknown where a start signal for song is represented in the brain and how such a signal would lead to appropriate vocal initiation. To test whether neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) show activity related to song initiation, we carried out extracellular recordings of VTA/SNc single units in singing juvenile male zebra finches. We found that a subset of VTA/SNc units exhibit phasic activity precisely time-locked to the onset of the song bout, and that the activity occurred specifically at the beginning of song. These findings suggest that phasic activity in the VTA/SNc represents a start signal that triggers song vocalization.
An integrated cathode and solid electrolyte via in situ polymerization with significantly reduced interface resistance
Authors: Yuan Jialiang , Dong Ran , Li Yuan , Liu Yang , Zheng Zhuo , Liu Yuxia , Sun Yan , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong
Published: November 2021

UV-Curing-based in situ polymerization was used to infiltrate an electrode with solid electrolyte and reduce the interfacial impedance.
Transcription-induced formation of paired Al sites in high-silica CHA-type zeolite framework using Al-rich amorphous aluminosilicate
Authors: Yabushita Mizuho , Imanishi Yoshiyasu , Xiao Ting , Osuga Ryota , Nishitoba Toshiki , Maki Sachiko , Kanie Kiyoshi , Cao Wenbin , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Muramatsu Atsushi
Published: November 2021

Paired Al sites were successfully formed in high-silica CHA-type zeolite frameworks via transcription of the local structure of Al-rich amorphous aluminosilicate.
Two robust Zn(ii)-organic frameworks as dual-functional fluorescent probes for efficient sensing of enrofloxacin and MnO4− anions
Authors: Su Yu-Qiao , Wang Ruo-Tong , Blatova Olga A. , Shi Yong-Sheng , Cui Guang-Hua
Published: November 2021

Two robust Zn-MOFs were employed as visual and ultra-sensitive indicators toward enrofloxacin (ENR) and MnO4− anions in aqueous phase.
Incorporation of iodine into uranium oxyhydroxide phases
Authors: Murphy Gabriel L. , Kegler Philip , Klinkenberg Martina , Wilden Andreas , Henkes Maximilian , Schneider Dimitri , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: November 2021

Rb2K2[(UO2)6O4(OH)6]·(IO3)2 has been synthesised which intercalates IO3−via a hybrid salt-inclusion and host–guest mechanism. LA-ICPMS indicates iodine intercalation may occur ubiquitously with other layered uranium oxyhydroxide phases.
Ru nanoparticles supported on alginate-derived graphene as hybrid electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Mallón Laura , Cerezo-Navarrete Christian , Romero Nuria , Puche Marta , García-Antón Jordi , Bofill Roger , Philippot Karine , Martínez-Prieto Luis M. , Sala Xavier
Published: November 2021

Ultra-small Ru NPs grown on biomass-derived bare/P-doped graphene supports yield efficient and durable electrocatalytic H2 production from water.
The role of excess attractive particles in the elasticity of high internal phase Pickering emulsions
Authors: Chae Junsu , Choi Siyoung Q. , Kim KyuHan
Published: November 2021

We investigate the role of excess colloidal particles in the continuous phase to explain the significantly greater elastic properties of high internal phase Pickering emulsions.
Distribution planning of mobile battery energy storage systems for grid outage support to urban residents
Authors: Zhao Zehua , Luo Fengji , Ranzi Gianluca , Gao Fei
Published: November 2021

Mobile battery energy storage systems (MBESSs) represent an emerging application within the broader framework of battery energy storage systems (BESSs). By transporting lightweight BESSs, energy backup support can be provided to different geographical locations. This work studies a new scenario, in which an MBESS service provider delivers a number of BESSs to serve multiple end energy customers in an emergent grid outage event. An integrated distribution planning framework is proposed to coordinately optimise the MBESS carrier's driving paths and the distribution plans for the BESSs. The framework aims at maximising the MBESS service provider's total profit. An efficient, decomposed solving approach is developed for the proposed framework; numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
W band solid‐state power amplifier for aerospace usage
Authors: Yang Fei , Li Jun , Yu Hong‐Xi , Zhao Heng‐Fei , Zhao Ying , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhang An‐Xue , Jin Zhong‐He
Published: November 2021

Concentrating on the high frequency aerospace demand of solid‐state power amplifier (SSPA), this paper presents the methodology and key technique of a W‐band 3‐W SSPA that achieves high efficiency while maintaining excellent reliability capability. An improved Magic‐T power combiner is utilized to achieve high output power, and eliminate the influence of the parallel end‐stage gallium‐nitride high‐electron‐mobility‐transistor (GaN HEMT) PAs by its good isolation performance. The SSPA's millimetre‐wave circuit is implemented by three stages of amplifier, to realized more than 30‐dB power gain. The power‐supply circuit based on the two‐transistor forward topology is proposed for voltage converting and output serious sequence controlling. The SSPA is fabricated and measured, achieving 33‐dBm to 34.1‐dBm output power within the frequency range of 92–96 GHz, with the power gain of 31–32 dB, and peak efficiency of 7.1%, respectively. The proposed SSPA shows competitive performance for space application.
Numerical simulation of a fundamental mechanism of solar eruption with a range of magnetic flux distributions
Authors: Bian Xinkai , Jiang Chaowei , Feng Xueshang , Zuo Pingbing , Wang Yi , Wang Xinyi
Published: November 2021

Solar eruptions are an explosive release of coronal magnetic field energy manifested as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Observations have shown that the core of eruption-productive regions are often a sheared magnetic arcade, namely, a single bipolar configuration, and, in particular, the corresponding magnetic polarities at the photosphere are elongated along a strong-gradient polarity inversion line (PIL). It remains unclear what mechanism triggers the eruption in a single bipolar field and why the one with a strong PIL is favorable for producing eruption. Recently, using highly accurate simulations, we established the fundamental mechanism behind solar eruption initiation by which a bipolar field driven by quasi-static shearing motion at the photosphere can form an internal current sheet, followed by fast magnetic reconnection that triggers and drives the eruption. Here, we investigate the behavior of the fundamental mechanism with different photospheric magnetic flux distributions, namely, magnetograms, by combining a theoretical analysis and a numerical simulation. Our study shows that the bipolar fields of different magnetograms, sheared continuously, all exhibit similar evolutions – from slow storage to the fast release of magnetic energy – that are in accordance with the fundamental mechanism and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed mechanism. Furthermore we found that the magnetograms with a stronger PIL produce larger eruptions and the key reason is that the sheared bipolar fields with a stronger PIL can achieve more non-potentiality and their internal current sheet can form at a lower height and with a higher current density, by which the reconnection can be more efficient. This also provides a viable trigger mechanism for the observed eruptions in active regions with a strong PIL.
Engineering geological mapping for empirical design evaluation of Tunnel 10 of Jakarta - Bandung high-speed railway, Indonesia
Authors: Herdiana Hanifah Hilda , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Setiawan Hendy
Published: November 2021

An engineering geological mapping was carried out at the construction site of the Tunnel 10 of Jakarta Bandung High-Speed Railway to obtain data and information of the engineering geological conditions, particularly the rock masses. This research aims to determine the rock mass classes at the tunnel construction site and recommend the tunnel support system based on the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) systems. This research is expected to better understand the rock mass classes, which were previously determined based on the newly applied Basic Quality (BQ) system for the tunnel support empirical design. The results showed that the research area consisted of young volcanic products, namely moderate to highly weathered tuff breccia and andesitic breccia. The uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rock mass varies between 1-25 MPa. The RMR value ranges from 21 to 40, indicating disintegrated and poor rock mass quality. The proposed tunnel support system is the combination of shotcrete, steel support for top heading and bench support, arch sidewall, and invert concrete.
Preliminary result for crustal properties derivation related to tectonics for hazard mitigation in Eastern Indonesia using Teleseismic P Coda
Authors: Sahroni Anang , Heliani Leni Sophia , Pratama Cecep , Panuntun Hidayat , Suryanto Wiwit
Published: November 2021

Eastern Indonesia is tectonically complex, formed by different plates and microplates interactions from different origins. This complexity gives geoscientists a challenge to solve the ’jigsaw’ of the complex interactions. The understanding of tectonic processes can lead to a breakthrough in both resource exploration and disaster risk reduction. We utilize teleseismic P wave coda for random coda from scattering and deterministic coda originated from the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) to derive the crustal properties, including thickness, Vp/Vs, and qualitative scattering characteristics. For the scattering properties, we apply Iterative Cross-Correlation and Stacking (ICCS) to align the waveform. At the same time, for the crust characteristic, we employ the Receiver Functions (RF) method alongside H-k stacking. The crustal thickness recovered from the RF and H-k stacking has a good correlation with the crustal origin, where the thickness in older and stable crust originated from Sundaland and Gondwana is thicker than a younger plate of the crust arc and subduction origin. The Vp/Vs is high in a region that is interpreted to be dominated by mafic lower crust originated from oceanic-oceanic subduction during Eocene, anisotropy, or by a magmatic anomaly. The P coda also correlated well with the subsurface magmatic anomaly by providing a unique pattern.
Characterization of carbonate rocks using seismic wave for tunnel design stability
Authors: Taha Hairin , Dzulkifli Nurul Atiqah , Omar Rohayu Che , Putri Ratih Fitria , Roslan Rasyikin , Zuliana Baharuddin Intan Nor
Published: November 2021

The design and construction of a tunnel depends on the mechanical properties of the rock mass around the tunnel. Seismic method can be used to characterize the dynamic properties of rocks. The technique is mostly conducted in geophysical surveys and geotechnical investigations. The method utilizes reflected sound waves that can be used to describe the dynamic properties of rocks. Physical properties of carbonate rocks such as water content, density, hardness, permeability, porosity, wave velocity and abrasivity can be assessed and estimated using P-wave velocity. One of the important characteristics in rock is its ability to remain stable. In this research, seismic refraction survey was applied to measure the strength of carbonate rocks for tunnel stability design. The findings revealed that the regression between the primary velocity and the uniaxial compressive strength R2 was 0.8592, indicating that the rock was firm and solid. Observation by physical visual test showed that the rock samples with yellowish-grey and light grey colours were categorized in the weathering grade II and III, respectively. The results have concluded that the rocks in the proposed area met the full requirements for tunnelling construction.
Recommendations of excavation and support systems of Pamukkulu Dam diversion tunnel based on correlation of rock mass classification between RMR and GSI
Authors: Nasrulloh Dico , Setianto Agung , Indrawan I Gde Budi
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of geological engineering research conducted to determine the character of rock masses, recommendations of tunnel excavation method and support system based on standup time estimates in unsuported conditions. The investigation was conducted by observing rock mass quality based on the newest bore log sample test results in 2019 using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) rock mass classification. The results showed that area consist of lithology in the form of porphyryc lava basalt and pyroclastic volcanic breccia. Rock mass has a slightly weathering alteration rates. Intact rocks have Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) values ranging from 100-250 Mpa to >250 Mpa and are a category of strong rocks. Rock mass has fair to good rock quality class III-II based on RMR values between 53-69, GSI values between 48-64. The roof span required is obtained from the tunnel planning roof span of 10 meter, with a stand-up time of 70 hours without support system and immediate collapse for 5 days. The recommended excavation methods are excavation by drill and blast on top heading and bench: 1,5-3 meter advance in top heading tunnel face, and then can be recommended support system using rock bolts (20 mm diameter, fullly bonded): systematic bolts 4 meter long, spaced 1,5-2 meter in crown and bench with wiremesh in crown then shotcrete: 50-100 mm in crown, and 30 mm in sides, without steel ribs support.
Utilization of Plastic Waste Polyethylene (PET) for reinforced subgrade
Authors: Meidudga Roberth Evander , Faris Fikri , Hardiyatmo Hary Christady , Diansyah Afif Agri
Published: November 2021

Plastic waste is a serious problem for the survival of all creatures on Earth. Recycling is one solution to reduce the negative impact of environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. A lot of plastic waste that pollutes the Earth comes from plastic bottle waste (PET). There had been many studies that discussed the use of plastic bottle waste (PET); however, this research used the plastic bottle waste (PET) as a geocell for subgrade reinforcement. To this date, the use of plastic bottle waste as geocell is still rare. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding geocell of plastic bottle waste on the subgrade using a capping layer that had a low bearing capacity. This research was expected to reduce the impact of environmental pollution due to plastic bottle waste, and be an alternative solution for additional reinforcement in the capping layer. Therefore, it could increase the ultimate bearing capacity and reduce the thickness of the cover layer on subgrades that had a CBR value below 5%. The results of the analysis using the Plaxis program showed that the geocell from plastic bottle waste could be used to save the use of capping layer materials by up to 65%.
Determinants of low birth weight and its relationship with stunted toddler status in Magelang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Giyarsih Sri Rum , Putri Ratih Fitria , Saputri Agustinur , Nugraheni Esti , Setiyawati Nia
Published: November 2021

Stunting contributes to a decrease in the quality of life. One of the potential factors which causes stunting is low birth weight (LBW). The objectives of this study are (1) to obtain representations of the characteristics of mothers and stunted toddlers; (2) to analyze the influence of maternal age at birth, gestational age, maternal hygiene and health behavior, and maternal nutrition knowledge related to LBW; and (3) to identify the relationship between LBW and stunted toddlers in Magelang Regency. This study used a mix-method approach that combined primary data and in-depth interviews. The binary logistic regression results found that maternal age at birth, gestational age, maternal hygiene and health behavior, and maternal nutritional knowledge had a significant effect to LBW on stunted toddlers.
Spatio-temporal assessment of rice self-sufficiency in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Yang Heein , Putri Amanda Rastiana , Muta’aly Muhammad Ali , Rohman Alim , Fadhilah Hanifah Nur , Prabaswara Ihsan Weda , Fikri Thalia Mutiara , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: November 2021

Agriculture is an important economic sector in human life. One of the analyses of agricultural resources is food adequacy which is closely related to food availability and food needs. The research location of this study is West Sulawesi Province which has the potential for economic development to improve the welfare of its people and be able to implement sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to determine rice sufficiency from 2016 to 2020 for each district and to projected it for several years. The research was conducted by quantitative methods and analyzed descriptively and spatially. The data collection method is documentation method by literature studies to collect secondary data from Central Statistics Bureau (BPS) of West Sulawesi Province. In general, rice sufficiency in West Sulawesi Province from 2016 to 2020 is included in the sufficient category. However, for several years there were two districts with inadequate amounts of rice, which were Majene and North Mamuju. The projection results in 2025 and 2030 also show the same thing, Majene and North Mamuju are still in the insufficient category and it will get worse in 2030. So in general, West Sulawesi Province is predicted to be unable to meet food needs.