bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users without an established smoking history in the VERITAS cohort
Authors: Goicoechea Jefrrey Zamora , Boughner Allison , Lee Juan José Cirion , Mahajan Aman , Yeo Kurt , Sproga Maris , Russell Christopher , Coughlan Michael , Selya Arielle , Caci Grazia , Caponnetto Pasquale , Tomaselli Venera , Polosa Riccardo
Published: November 2024

Prior research on e-cigarettes’ health impacts is inconclusive due to confounding by previous tobacco smoking. Studies of e-cigarette use among people without an established smoking history are informative for this question. A cross-sectional survey was administered across six geopolitical world regions to adults aged 18+ without a history of established cigarette smoking or regular use of other nicotine/tobacco products. Two cohorts were defined based on e-cigarette use: “Vapers Cohort” (N = 491) who used e-cigarettes in the past 7 days and “Control Cohort” (N = 247) who never regularly used e-cigarettes. Frequency of respiratory symptoms (Respiratory Symptom Evaluation Score (RSES)) were compared between cohorts, adjusting for sociodemographics. Tobacco use history and patterns of e-cigarette use was also examined. Respiratory symptoms were rare among both the Vapers and Control Cohorts: 83.3% and 88.4%, respectively, reported “rarely” or “never” experiencing all five RSES items (p = 0.125). The Vapers (vs. Control) Cohort reported modestly more frequent respiratory symptoms (adjusted mean RSES 1.61 vs. 1.43, respectively, p < 0.001); however, this difference (0.18) did not reach the threshold of clinical relevance (0.57). The Vapers (vs. Control) Cohort more often reported former cigarette experimentation (30.8% vs. 12.1%) and former infrequent use of other nicotine/tobacco products (18.1% vs. 5.8%). The Vapers Cohort most often used disposable devices (63.7%) and multiple flavors (approximately 70–80% across primary device type). In this cohort of adults without a history of established combustible tobacco use, e-cigarette use was statistically linked to more frequent respiratory symptoms, though not in a clinically meaningful way. The cross-sectional design of this study cannot establish causality between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms.
Sustainable land and irrigation management to limit loss of hydropower in the Andes-Amazon headwaters
Authors: Ding Zhaowei , Angarita Hector , Albert Montesinos Cáceres Christian , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo , Goldstein Jesse A. , Batista Natasha , Wu Tong , Fisher Dave , Baudoin Farah Andrea , Zheng Hua , Schmitt Rafael J. P.
Published: November 2024

Water plays a critical role in adapting food and energy systems to climate change in the Andes. However, robust climate solutions that work across sectors have not been explored for these working landscapes. Here we develop a framework consisting of high-fidelity catchment and hydropower models while considering climate and other uncertainties in a robust, bottom-up manner for the upper Huallaga River in Peru. We then explore adaptation strategies across sectors. Our results highlight that irrigation will be critical for maintaining food production under climate change. Yet, an unplanned expansion of irrigation could lead to a near total loss of firm hydropower downstream. Exploring 10,080 possible landuse/management adaptation pathways, we find limited opportunities for win-win solutions under climate change. In the light of such challenges, our results highlight the need for navigating structural trade-offs between upstream land and water users and downstream interests in the Andes in a strategic and equitable manner.
Novel integrated multiomics analysis reveals a key role for integrin beta-like 1 in wound scarring
Authors: Kim Sang-Eun , Noda Ryota , Liu Yu-Chen , Nakajima Yukari , Kameoka Shoichiro , Motooka Daisuke , Mizuno Seiya , Takahashi Satoru , Takaya Kento , Murase Takehiko , Ikematsu Kazuya , Tratsiakova Katsiaryna , Motoyama Takahiro , Nakashima Masahiro , Kishi Kazuo , Martin Paul , Seno Shigeto , Okuzaki Daisuke , Mori Ryoichi
Published: November 2024

Exacerbation of scarring can originate from a minority fibroblast population that has undergone inflammatory-mediated genetic changes within the wound microenvironment. The fundamental relationship between molecular and spatial organization of the repair process at the single-cell level remains unclear. We have developed a novel, high-resolution spatial multiomics method that integrates spatial transcriptomics with scRNA-Seq; we identified new characteristic features of cell–cell communication and signaling during the repair process. Data from PU.1-/- mice, which lack an inflammatory response, combined with scRNA-Seq and Visium transcriptomics, led to the identification of nine genes potentially involved in inflammation-related scarring, including integrin beta-like 1 (Itgbl1). Transgenic mouse experiments confirmed that Itgbl1-expressing fibroblasts are required for granulation tissue formation and drive fibrogenesis during skin repair. Additionally, we detected a minority population of Acta2high-expressing myofibroblasts with apparent involvement in scarring, in conjunction with Itgbl1 expression. IL1β signaling inhibited Itgbl1 expression in TGFβ1-treated primary fibroblasts from humans and mice. Our novel methodology reveal molecular mechanisms underlying fibroblast–inflammatory cell interactions that initiate wound scarring.
Salmonella cancer therapy metabolically disrupts tumours at the collateral cost of T cell immunity
Authors: Copland Alastair , Mackie Gillian M , Scarfe Lisa , Jinks Elizabeth , Lecky David A J , Gudgeon Nancy , McQuade Riahne , Ono Masahiro , Barthel Manja , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Ohno Hiroshi , Hoevenaar Wilma H M , Dimeloe Sarah , Bending David , Maslowski Kendle M
Published: November 2024

Bacterial cancer therapy (BCT) is a promising therapeutic for solid tumours. Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (STm) is well-studied amongst bacterial vectors due to advantages in genetic modification and metabolic adaptation. A longstanding paradox is the redundancy of T cells for treatment efficacy; instead, STm BCT depends on innate phagocytes for tumour control. Here, we used distal T cell receptor (TCR) and IFNγ reporter mice (Nr4a3-Tocky-Ifnγ-YFP) and a colorectal cancer (CRC) model to interrogate T cell activity during BCT with attenuated STm. We found that colonic tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) exhibited a variety of activation defects, including IFN-γ production decoupled from TCR signalling, decreased polyfunctionality and reduced central memory (TCM) formation. Modelling of T-cell–tumour interactions with a tumour organoid platform revealed an intact TCR signalosome, but paralysed metabolic reprogramming due to inhibition of the master metabolic controller, c-Myc. Restoration of c-Myc by deletion of the bacterial asparaginase ansB reinvigorated T cell activation, but at the cost of decreased metabolic control of the tumour by STm. This work shows for the first time that T cells are metabolically defective during BCT, but also that this same phenomenon is inexorably tied to intrinsic tumour suppression by the bacterial vector.
Rapid chemical detection and segmentation of latent fingerprints by means of a novel middle-infrared scanning method
Authors: van Marwick Björn , Kümmel Tim , Wühler Felix , Lauer Felix , Hoffmann Jan , Rädle Matthias
Published: November 2024

A novel laser-based scanner captures latent fingerprints under 15 seconds, revolutionizing forensic analysis with chemical segmentation.
Direct fluorine- and sulfur-targeted postsynthetic modification in a porous organic polymer-based ammonia adsorbent
Authors: Jo Eunjin , Park Yeonwoo , Jo Suin , Park Jongsik , Koo Seyoung , Kang Dong Won
Published: November 2024

The fluorine sites in a porous organic polymer were post-synthetically modified with sulfur-embedded acidic functional groups to enhance the ammonia-capture performance.
Benchmarking DFT approximations for studying apatites
Authors: Roy Aritri , Kanungo Bikash , Patra Puneet Kumar , Bhattacharya Baidurya
Published: November 2024

Amongst all approximations, exchange–correlation (XC) functionals in DFT have the most prominent role in determining the properties of apatites. Incorporating dispersion corrections to the XCs improves the predictive power of DFT for apatites.
Unraveling proton-coupled electron transfer in cofactor-free oxidase- and oxygenase-catalyzed oxygen activation: a theoretical view
Authors: Wang Qian-Qian , Qiao Yan , Wei Donghui
Published: November 2024

The general PCET mechanism involved in multiple cofactor-free oxidase- and oxygenase-catalyzed activation of O2 is summarized in the review.
Photoinduced removal of molecular oxygen from solutions
Authors: Golec Barbara , Dutkiewicz Natalia , Ostapko Jakub , Waluk Jacek , Gorski Aleksander
Published: November 2024

A straightforward protocol is proposed for light-driven deoxygenation of 2-MTHF, THF, and mixtures of 2-MTHF with acetonitrile and toluene.
Structural determination of Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ complexed with glutathione by IRMPD spectroscopy and complimentary ab initio calculations
Authors: Walker Samantha K. , Bubas Amanda R. , Stevenson Brandon C. , Perez Evan H. , Berden Giel , Martens Jonathan , Oomens Jos , Armentrout P. B.
Published: November 2024

Glutathione is a biologically abundant and redox active tripeptide that coordinates with metals. This study examines the change in binding conformation with relevant dications; Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+.
A critical review on Li-ion transport, chemistry and structure of ceramic–polymer composite electrolytes for solid state batteries
Authors: Sand Sara Catherine , Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Yildiz Bilge
Published: November 2024

Polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes combine beneficial properties of each phase. We review the arguments for each possible conduction mechanism, to inform improvement of the conductivity while maintaining the mechanical benefits.
Multifunctional textured graphene-based coatings on elastomeric gloves for chemical protection
Authors: Stone Aidan , Yang Zidan , Wang Jiaman , Dimtsoudi Maria Louiza , Sama Aicha , Martin-Welp Rebecca , Small Grey , Kulaots Indrek , Sengupta Somnath , Fornasiero Francesco , Hurt Robert H.
Published: November 2024

Wrinkled graphene coatings are engineered to fulfill multiple functions desired for ultrathin gloves that prevent human exposure to chemical toxicants.
Designing MOF-based green nanomaterials for enhanced pathogen resistance and pesticide degradation in tomato plants
Authors: Khan Shoaib , Wang Aoxue , Liu Jiayin , Khan Iltaf , Sadiq Samreen , Khan Aftab , Yaseen Waleed , Zaman Saeed , Mueed Abdul , Miao Yuanyang
Published: November 2024

Schematic representation showing the design and utilization of MOF-based green nanomaterials for enhanced pathogen resistance and pesticide degradation in tomato plants.
Efficient decomposition of a melamine–formaldehyde foam into melamine via selective disconnection of bonds
Authors: Yang Chaohui , Li Xinyu , Li Hongyan , Wang Chizhou , Xing Qianqian , Jia Xiaoliang , Cui Xiaojing , Hou Xianglin , Deng Tiansheng
Published: November 2024

Decomposition of MFF into melamine of 99.5% purity via selective disconnection of an sp3C–sp3N bond with a yield of 95.3%.
Stitched textile-based microfluidics for wearable devices
Authors: Hanze Martin , Piper Andrew , Hamedi Mahiar Max
Published: November 2024

Advanced textile-based microfluidic devices were fabricated by machine stitching, using only commercially available textiles and yarns. These devices perform advanced 3D microfluidics, and electrochemical sensing using stitched gold-coated yarns.
Synthesis and biological characterization of a 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) inhibitor
Authors: Dow Louise F. , Pathirage Rasangi , Erickson Helen E. , Amani Edrees , Ronning Donald R. , Trippier Paul C.
Published: November 2024

The mitochondrial enzyme 17β-HSD10 has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Modulating this protein using a small molecule has the potential to offer protective effect.
Preparation of a reactive flame retardant by functional modification of lignin and its application in phenolic foam
Authors: Lu Meng , Zhong Lei , Wang Yin , Yang Xiaohui , Zhou Minghao
Published: November 2024

This paper provides an effective method for lignin utilization to prepare bio-based phenolic foams with improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
Structural characterization and tuning of magnetic properties of CoVδFe2−δO4 (0.0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.9) nanomaterials synthesized via a modified sol–gel autocombustion method
Authors: Patil Anagha B. , Panda Rabi N.
Published: November 2024

We report magnetic properties of CoVδFe2−δO4 nanomaterials synthesized via a modified sol–gel autocombustion method.
Heterojunctions of ZnS with Zn vacancies and hexagonal CdS pyramids for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Li Nannan , An Kai , Liu Haojie , Guo Xu , Yang Lijun , Du Xiaoze
Published: November 2024

Metal sulfides with suitable morphology typically possess efficient solar light utilization and suitable band structures for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Fungerps: discovery of the glucan synthase inhibitor enfumafungin and development of a new class of antifungal triterpene glycosides
Authors: Vicente Francisca , Reyes Fernando , Genilloud Olga
Published: November 2024

A highlight on the discovery of the antifungal enfumafungin, its biosynthesis, activity profile and mode of action that led to the development program of ibrexafungerp, the first oral antifungal agent approved in more than 20 years.
The chemical ecology and physiological functions of type I polyketide natural products: the emerging picture
Authors: François Romain M. M. , Massicard Jean-Malo , Weissman Kira J.
Published: November 2024

Large-scale sequencing has revealed the widespread occurrence of type I polyketides in all kingdoms of life, while co-culturing methods coupled with biochemical analysis have started to tease out their diverse ecological and physiological roles.
Synergetic effects of surface plasmon resonance and structure defects in a ZnCdS2/NiMoO4@Cu Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4
Authors: Hu Zhentao , Huang Lei , Sun Bojing , Hou Dongfang , Qiao Xiu-qing , Wang Meidi , Ma Huijuan , Li Dong-Sheng
Published: November 2024

ZnCdS2/NiMoO4@Cu Z-scheme heterojunctions exhibit outstanding activity and nearly 100% selectivity for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 under the combined effects of surface defects, Z-scheme heterojunction and photothermal properties.
Deuterium exchange of pyrrolic NH protons accelerated by fluoride and bicarbonate in CDCl3, CD3CN, and DMSO-d6
Authors: Heo Nam Jung , Oh Ju Hyun , Sessler Jonathan L. , Kim Sung Kuk
Published: November 2024

Contacting calix[4]pyrrole anion receptors with F− and HCO3− salts prompts deuterium exchange of the NH protons in the three nominally aprotic deuterated solvents such as DMSO-d6, CD3CN and CDCl3.
Simple preparation of PVDF composite flexible film with transparent, self-cleaning and radiative cooling properties
Authors: Mao Junxia , Tan Xinyu , Hu Weiwei , Shi Chao , Zhou Fan , Tsamis Alkiviadis
Published: November 2024

The preparation of a transparent, self-cleaning, radiation cooling and high flexibility PVDF composite film is presented.
Evaluating the combined estrogenic effects of plant growth regulators via electrochemical and E-Screen methods
Authors: Wang Xijie , Zhao Zijia , Qi Shulan , Li Zan , Wang Zhong , Zhou Shi , Cui Jiwen , Li Jinlian , Wu Dongmei
Published: November 2024

The study shows that plant growth regulators (PGRs) have estrogenic effects, which may disrupt the normal physiological functions of endogenous estrogen in organisms.
Active learning enabled reactor characterization for mass transfer in aerobic oxidation reactions
Authors: Vikram Ajit , Mattern Keith A. , Grosser Shane T.
Published: November 2024

A generalizable active learning framework enables accurate prediction of mass transfer coefficients (kLa), and iterative design of experiments to efficiently characterize new reactor configurations with minimal experimental trials.
Efficient caustic and hydrogen production using a pressurized flow-through cathode
Authors: Yang Fan , Xiao Minhao , Lee Sangsuk , Quezada Renteria Javier Alan , Wang Xinyi , Cha Minju , Dickinson-Cove Anya , Kim Sungsoon , Ramon Guy Z. , Sant Gaurav N. , Hoek Eric M. V. , Jassby David
Published: November 2024

Flow-through electrodes for efficient caustic production.
Alloying induced superionic β-phase formation in Mg3Sb2 based Zintl compounds
Authors: Chauhan Nagendra Singh , Mori Takao
Published: November 2024

Unveiling superionic phase β-phase and off-centering dynamics of α-phase at higher temperature in Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 based Zintl compounds.
Multi-responsive shape memory and self-healing hydrogels with gold and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Kılıç Hüsna , Ceylan Deniz
Published: November 2024

Nanocomposite smart gels (Nc-x) with self-healing and shape memory properties were designed in different types and size nano particles with temperature or light stimuli.
Instant synthesis of nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots for fluorescence and electrochemical dual-mode detection of norepinephrine with a portable smartphone assay
Authors: Chandran Murugesan , Chellasamy Gayathri , Veerapandian Mekala , Dhanasekaran Barkavi , Govindaraju Saravanan , Yun Kyusik
Published: November 2024

Next-generation 2D materials, such as transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), have received increasing attention owing to their physicochemical properties.
Mangiferin- and GNPs/ECPP-loaded platform of UH with dual bi-directional dynamic modulation of stem cells/macrophages and osteoblasts/osteoclasts for the prevention of aseptic loosening
Authors: Feng Shaoxiong , Lei Ningning , Peng Xu , Wei Xu , Luo Yihao , Pu Xinyun , Yu Xixun
Published: November 2024

Aseptic inflammation and osteolysis triggered by the phagocytosis of implant wear particles by macrophages are important reasons for aseptic loosening (AL) in total joint replacement, which ultimately leads to implant failure.
Solid-state red fluorescence of intramolecularly ring-fused donor–π–acceptor-type fluorinated diphenylacetylenes achieved by enhancing intramolecular charge transfer properties
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuki , Yamada Shigeyuki , Morita Masato , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Yasui Motohiro , Konno Tsutomu
Published: November 2024

Ring-fused donor–π–acceptor-type fluorinated diphenylacetylenes achieved red fluorescence redshift with maintained efficiency by precisely controlling intramolecular charge transfer properties and suppressing intramolecular rotation.
Thermally induced reversible phase transition and photoluminescence switching behavior of (NH4)2MnBr4(H2O)2 crystals
Authors: Liu Guanfeng , Liu Yaoyu , Ji Zongshuai , Wang Tianyu , Zhang Shuai , Teng Bing , Ji Shaohua
Published: November 2024

In this work, a novel and highly stable (NH4)2MnBr4(H2O)2 single crystal was synthesized, exhibiting PL switching behavior through a thermally induced reversible phase transition, and applied in anti-counterfeiting.
Synergistic dye/photocatalyst interconnections for activating efficient light-induced degradation pathways
Authors: Conelli Daniele , Grandhi G. Krishnamurthy , Tewari Amit , Hytönen Vesa P. , Lanzafame Paola , Vivo Paola , Suranna Gian Paolo , Grisorio Roberto
Published: November 2024

Perovskite materials are prepared by reprecipitation using different crystallization solvents which impact their morphological and surface properties. These systems are particularly active in the photodegradation of halogen-containing xanthene dyes.
Oxide-based bionic hetero-dendritic neuron with capabilities of Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro learning activities
Authors: Di Jia Kang , Huang You Jie , Wang Wei Sheng , Huang Xin , Xiao Hui , Zhu Li Qiang
Published: November 2024

A multi-gate sodium alginate/graphene oxide gated oxide hetero-dendritic neuron was proposed, demonstrating high-pass filter characteristics and BCM learning rules under the spike-timing-dependent plasticity and heterosynaptic mechanism.
Characterizing Physiologic Swallowing Impairment Profiles: A Large-Scale Exploratory Study of Head and Neck Cancer, Stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Dementia, and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Clain Alex E. , Samia Noelle , Davidson Kate , Martin-Harris Bonnie
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the present study was to use a large swallowing database to explore and compare the swallow-physiology impairment profiles of five dysphagia-associated diagnoses: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, head and neck cancer (HNC), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke.

Method:

A total of 8,190 patients across five diagnoses were extracted from a de-identified swallowing database, that is, the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Swallowing Data Registry, for the present exploratory cross-sectional analysis. To identify the impairment profiles of the five diagnoses, we fit 18 partial proportional odds models, one for each of the 17 Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile components and the Penetration–Aspiration Scale, with impairment score as the dependent variable and diagnoses, age, sex, and race as the independent variables with interactions between age and diagnoses and between PD and dementia (in effect creating a PD with dementia [PDwDem] group). For components with > 5% missingness, we applied inverse probability weighting to correct for bias.

Results:

PD and COPD did not significantly differ on 13 of the 18 outcome variables (all
p
s > .02). Dementia, stroke, and PDwDem all showed worse impairments than COPD or PD on five of six oral components (all
p
s < .007). HNC had worse impairment than all diagnoses except PDwDem for nine of 10 pharyngeal components (all
p
s < .006). Stroke and HNC had worse penetration/aspiration than all other diagnoses (all
p
s < .003).

Conclusions:

The present results show that there are both common and differing impairment profiles among these five diagnoses. These commonalities and differences in profiles provide a basis for the generation of hypotheses about the nature and severity of dysphagia in these populations. These results are also likely highly generalizable given the size and representativeness of the data set.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27478245
A Scoping Review of Episodes of Lucidity in People Living With Dementia Near the End of Life: The Potential Role of Speech-Language Pathology in Research and Practice
Authors: Mueller Kimberly D. , Hale Madeline R. , Goulette Olivia , Belay Hannah , Sanson-Miles Leah , Benson Clark , Hitchcock Mary , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Emerging evidence suggests that people with dementia may experience episodes of lucidity (ELs) near the end of life, characterized by a temporary recovery of function, communication abilities, and/or awareness of surroundings. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence on EL, clarify its key concepts and characteristics, identify knowledge gaps, describe the disciplines involved in EL research, and provide recommendations for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working with people with dementia at the end of life. The ultimate goal is to guide future research and develop clinical strategies for SLPs involved in end-of-life care for this population.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted with a systematic literature search across five major databases using relevant terms such as “dementia,” “end-of-life,” and “lucidity,” covering all records up to May 2023. The review included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies focused on lucid episodes at the end of life.

Results:

Of 5,780 articles screened by two independent reviewers, 10 met the criteria and were synthesized using narrative methods. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by these reviewers. Among the selected studies, three were case reports, while the remaining seven employed qualitative assessments based on caregiver or informant reports. Most studies involved disciplines such as nursing, medicine, and psychology. All definitions and reports of lucidity involved aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication by individuals living with dementia.

Conclusions:

The scoping review provides a valuable synthesis of evidence on lucid episodes in people with severe dementia near the end of life, highlighting an area of growing research interest. Exploring the neurobiological and behavioral aspects of lucidity in dementia can lead to enhanced care for older adults. Given the fundamental role of communication in defining lucidity, SLPs are well positioned to contribute to this research and care continuum.
Efficient DC–DC power converters for fuel‐cell electric vehicle: A qualitative assessment
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Jammeh Sulayman , Samb Rodrigue , Singh Amar
Published: November 2024

The general shift in vehicle propulsion systems from internal combustion engine (ICE) power‐train towards electric power‐train has led to the development of energy‐efficient and compact electric drivetrain for next‐generation automobiles such as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). As opposed to ICE, fuel cell vehicles operate with higher powertrain efficiency and are combustion‐less since the only byproduct is water. In light of developmental and environmental goals, fuel cell technology is consequently seen as the evolutionary step in vehicle technology. The electric drivetrain for FCEV consists of power converters, motors, and associated control systems. Direct connection of the fuel cell stack to the DC bus and other system components is inefficient. As a result, it becomes essential to regulate the high‐voltage DC bus connecting the fuel cell stack to other system elements like the motor and energy storage devices. Therefore, DC–DC converters are designed for main power unit to provide the desired and regulated voltage to the DC bus making the system efficient and reliable. High‐voltage step‐up DC–DC converters have undergone extensive research in recent years, which has increased their functionality, performance, and efficiency for FCEV. A survey of these converters, and evaluation of their performance and index parameters, could be very helpful in designing efficient converters and for the development of vehicular electric power‐train. This paper reviews the literature on electric drive‐train, fuel cell systems, and different DC–DC converter topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the existing topologies, their applications, and comparative aspects, as well as works that haven't been covered in earlier reviews.
Distinguishing coupled dark energy models with neural networks
Authors: Goh L. W. K. , Ocampo I. , Nesseris S. , Pettorino V.
Published: November 2024

Aims. We investigate whether neural networks (NNs) can accurately differentiate between growth-rate data of the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe simulated via two models: a cosmological constant and Λ cold dark matter (CDM) model and a tomographic coupled dark energy (CDE) model.

Methods. We built an NN classifier and tested its accuracy in distinguishing between cosmological models. For our dataset, we generated fσ8(z) growth-rate observables that simulate a realistic Stage IV galaxy survey-like setup for both ΛCDM and a tomographic CDE model for various values of the model parameters. We then optimised and trained our NN with Optuna, aiming to avoid overfitting and to maximise the accuracy of the trained model. We conducted our analysis for both a binary classification, comparing between ΛCDM and a CDE model where only one tomographic coupling bin is activated, and a multi-class classification scenario where all the models are combined.

Results. For the case of binary classification, we find that our NN can confidently (with > 86% accuracy) detect non-zero values of the tomographic coupling regardless of the redshift range at which coupling is activated and, at a 100% confidence level, detect the ΛCDM model. For the multi-class classification task, we find that the NN performs adequately well at distinguishing ΛCDM, a CDE model with low-redshift coupling, and a model with high-redshift coupling, with 99%, 79%, and 84% accuracy, respectively.

Conclusions. By leveraging the power of machine learning, our pipeline can be a useful tool for analysing growth-rate data and maximising the potential of current surveys to probe for deviations from general relativity.
Unveiling dust, molecular gas, and high star-formation efficiency in extremely UV bright star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2.1–3.6
Authors: Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Marques-Chaves R. , Schaerer D. , Xiao M.-Y. , Colina L. , Alvarez-Marquez J. , Pérez-Fournon I.
Published: November 2024

We analysed the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) far-infrared (FIR), 1.3 mm, dust continuum and CO emission of 12 starburst galaxies at z ∼ 2.1 − 3.6 selected for their extreme brightness in the rest-frame UV, with absolute magnitudes of −23.4 to −24.7. We also analysed their Very Large Telescope (VLT) High Acuity Wide field K-band Imager (HAWK-I) H- and Ks-band images. The targeted galaxies are characterised by negligible dust attenuations with blue UV spectral slopes (−2.62 to −1.84), very young stellar populations of ∼10 Myr, and powerful starbursts with a high mean specific star-formation rate of 112 Gyr−1, placing them ∼1.5 dex above the main sequence at similar redshifts and stellar masses (Mstars ∼ (1.5 − 4.6)×109 M⊙). The FIR dust continuum emission revealed in nine galaxies gives IR luminosities of (5.9 − 28.3)×1011 L⊙, with six galaxies remaining dominated by unobscured UV star-formation rates, and high dust masses barely produced by supernovae within the 10 Myr timescale. The CO emission detected in eight galaxies leads to molecular gas masses higher than stellar masses, with the mean molecular gas mass fraction as high as 82%. The corresponding star-formation efficiencies reach ≳40%, with amazingly short molecular gas depletion timescales between less than 13 Myr and 71 Myr. These unique properties never reported in previously studied galaxies highlight that these galaxies are likely caught at the very beginning of their stellar mass build-up and undergo a very efficient and fast conversion of gas into stars that can only result from the gas collapse within a very short free-fall time. We find that the feedback-free starburst model seems to be able to explain the formation of these galaxies. To reconcile the co-spatial FIR dust emission with the UV-bright unattenuated emission, we speculate about the presence of radiation-driven outflows that can temporarily remove dust at the location of the starburst and expel it at large distances in line with the measured high FIR effective radii (1.7 kpc to 5 kpc) in comparison to the very compact stellar radii of a few hundred parsecs.
The long-term influence of a magnetar power in stripped-envelope supernovae
Authors: Dessart Luc
Published: November 2024

Much interest surrounds the nature of the compact remnant that formed in core collapse supernovae (SNe). One means to constrain its nature is to search for signatures of power injection from the remnant in the SN observables years after explosion. In this work, we conduct a large grid of 1D nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations of He-star explosions under the influence of magnetar-power injection from post-explosion age of about one to ten years. Our results for SN observables vary with He-star mass, SN age, injected power, or ejecta clumping. At high mass (model he12p00), the ejecta coolants are primarily O and Ne, with [O I] λλ6300.3, 6363.8, [O II] λλ7319.5, 7330.2, and [O III] λλ4958.9, 5006.8 dominating in the optical, and with strong [Ne II] 12.81 μm in the infrared – this line may carry more than half the total SN luminosity. For lower He-star masses (models he6p00 and he3p30), a greater diversity of coolants appear, in particular Fe, S, Ar, or Ni from the Si- and Fe-rich regions. All models tend to rise in ionization in time, with twice-ionized species (i.e., O III, Ne III, S III, or Fe III) dominating at ∼10 yr, although this ionization is significantly reduced if clumping is introduced. Our treatment of magnetar power in the form of high-energy electrons or X-ray irradiation yields similar results – no X-rays emerge from our ejecta even at ten years because of high-optical depth in the kilo-electronvolt range. An uncertainty of our work concerns the power deposition profile, which is not known from first principles, although this profile could be constrained from observations. Our magnetar-powered model he8p00 with moderate clumping yields a good match to the optical and near-infrared observations of Type Ib SN 2012au at both 289–335 d (power of 1 − 2 × 1041 erg s−1) and 2269 d (power of 1040 erg s−1). Unless overly ionized (i.e., if the optical spectrum shows only strong [O III] λλ4958.9, 5006.8), we find that all massive magnetar-powered ejecta should be infrared luminous at 5–10 yr through strong [Ne II] 12.81 μm line emission.
Investigating the vertical distribution of the disk as a function of radial action: Results from simulations
Authors: Jia Yunpeng , Yang Chengqun , Chen Yuqin , Du Cuihua , Zhao Gang
Published: November 2024

Aims. Previous research has established a relationship between radial action and scale height in Galactic disks, unveiling a correlation between radial and vertical heating. This finding poses a challenge to our existing comprehension of heating theories and consequently encodes crucial insights into the formation and heating history of Galactic disks. In this study, we perform N-body simulations with the aim of verifying the existence of this correlation between radial action and scale height, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the heating history of Galactic disks.

Methods. We conducted a simulation featuring a disk embedded within a static dark matter halo potential, and systematically analyzed the correlation between radial action and scale height across every snapshot. Furthermore, we augmented this simulation by incorporating massive, long-lasting particles to examine their impact on the aforementioned relationship.

Results. We find that the relationship between radial action and scale height in our simulations can be described by the same functional form observed in previous work. Furthermore, the relationships derived from our simulations align well with those of the Galactic thin disk. However, they do not coincide with the inner thick disk but exhibit a rough correspondence with the outer thick disk, suggesting the possibility that additional heating mechanisms may be required to explain the inner thick disk. We also find that the mean radial action and scale height undergo rapid increases during the initial stages of the simulation, yet remain relatively unchanged as the disk evolves further. By tracing example particles, we uncover a correlation between radial and vertical heating in our simulation: as a particle in the disk gains or loses radial action, its vertical motion tends to oscillate on a more or less extended orbit, accompanied by a tendency to migrate outward or inward, respectively. The massive, long-lasting particles in our simulation contribute to disk heating by solely enhancing the rate of increase in scale height with radial action, while maintaining the functional form that describes the relationship between these two variables.

Conclusions. We have successfully replicated the functional form previously reported in research, thereby confirming a correlation between radial and vertical heating. This achievement enhances our understanding of heating theories in galactic disks.
First spectropolarimetric observation of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 3+1
Authors: Gnarini Andrea , Farinelli Ruben , Ursini Francesco , Bianchi Stefano , Capitanio Fiamma , Matt Giorgio , Ng Mason , Tarana Antonella , Bobrikova Anna , Cocchi Massimo , Fabiani Sergio , Kaaret Philip , Poutanen Juri , Ravi Swati
Published: November 2024

We report the first simultaneous X-ray spectropolarimetric observation of the bright atoll neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 3+1, performed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) joint with NICER and NuSTAR. The source does not exhibit significant polarization in the 2–8 keV energy band, with an upper limit of 1.3% at a 99% confidence level on the polarization degree. The observed spectra can be well described by a combination of thermal disk emission, the hard Comptonization component, and reflected photons off the accretion disk. In particular, from the broad Fe Kα line profile, we were able to determine the inclination of the system (i ≈ 36°), which is crucial for comparing the observed polarization with theoretical models. Both the spectral and polarization properties of GX 3+1 are consistent with those of other atoll sources observed by IXPE. Therefore, we may expect a similar geometrical configuration for the accreting system and the hot Comptonizing region. The low polarization is also consistent with the low inclination of the system.
Perspectives thérapeutiques pour les maladies lysosomales dues au déficit en céramidase acide
Authors: Derome Marion , Denard Jérôme , Marinello Martina , Levade Thierry , Boespflug-Tanguy Odile , Buj-Bello Ana
Published: November 2024

La maladie de Farber et l’amyotrophie spinale avec épilepsie myoclonique progressive sont deux maladies de surcharge lysosomale ultra-rares, liées à des mutations du gène ASAH1 codant la céramidase acide (ACDase). Le déficit en ACDase conduit à une accumulation intracellulaire de céramides associée à une réponse inflammatoire tissulaire. Ces deux maladies se manifestent de manière différente, mais font partie d’un continuum clinique de sévérité variable touchant le système nerveux et/ou les tissus périphériques, y compris le système neuromusculaire. À ce jour, il n’y a pas de traitement spécifique ou curatif disponible pour les patients atteints du déficit en ACDase. Ici, nous résumons les caractéristiques cliniques, la fonction de l’enzyme, les modèles murins et les perspectives thérapeutiques pour ces maladies.
Effect of the coke particle size distribution on the burden layer porosity of blast furnace
Authors: Xu Wenxuan , Zhang Fuming , Qing Gele , Li Yanglong , Wang Fengqin
Published: November 2024

The effect of the coke particle size distribution on the burden layer porosity of blast furnace were analyzed by DEM simulation in this study, and the uneven index proposed to achieve quantitative evaluation of the coke particle size distribution. The calculation results show that with the increase of uneven index of coke particle size distribution, 1) the total discharging time of coke discharged from hopper to throat process from 170 s decrease to 163 s. 2) the SI index of small particle is rising gradually but the SI index of large particle decreases gradually in the central region of the throat. 3) The thickness of burden layer decreases. 4) The porosity of burden layer from 37% decreases to 34%. Through the research in this study, combined with online coke and sintered ore particle size distribution detection system, which can adjust the flow rate of flow control gate and charging program in advance when the particle size distribution of coke and sintered ore fluctuates.
Berufsbild und Finanzierung der Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung in der
krankenkassenfinanzierten Versorgung in Deutschland – Status Quo und
Möglichkeiten
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Guillermo , Küsel Madeleine , von Peter Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Ziel Die Studie untersucht Möglichkeiten der Eingruppierung, Vergütung und
beruflichen Einordnung von Peer- und Genesungsbegleiter*innen (=PGB) in der
psychiatrischen Versorgung. Sie geht der Forschungsfrage nach, wie diese neue
Berufsgrupp im Rahmen der SGB-V Versorgung systematisch integriert und
angemessen bezahlt werden kann.

Methodik Die Studie ist Teil der Ergebnisse des ImpPeer-Psy5-Projekts, das
Empfehlungen für die bundesweite Implementierung von PGB in der SGB-V Versorgung
erarbeitet. Aufbauend auf den Daten von 57 Interviews wurden 5
Expert*inneninterviews und eine Fokusgruppe umgesetzt. Das Material wurde mit
Hilfe der thematischen Analyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse PGB-Leistungen werden bundesweit sehr unterschiedlich
finanziert und entlohnt. Die Entlohnung ist generell unzureichend. Diese
Vergütung wird oft als entkoppelt von den umgesetzten Aufgaben und der
Verantwortungsübernahme erlebt. Die niedrige Entlohnung erschwert die
Implementierung und Etablierung als eigenständige Berufsgruppe. Mehr
Unabhängigkeit von anderen Berufsgruppen und eine höhere Eingruppierung nach
TVöD ist erforderlich.

Schlussfolgerung Eine erfolgreiche Implementierung der PGB bedarf einer
geregelten und abgesicherten Finanzierung und Entlohnung. Eine bundesweite
PGB-Interessensvertretung wäre zur Erreichung dieser Ziele förderlich sein. Die
übliche Eingruppierung in EG3 oder niedriger soll vermieden werden.
Predictive factors for early mortality after EUS-guided gastroenterostomy in malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Lee Hyuk , Park Kenneth Hyunsoo , Rosas Ulysses , El Helou Mohamad Othman , Lee Jae Min , Bancila Liliana , Jamil Laith H , Liu Quin , Watson Rabindra R. , Gaddam Srinivas , Lo Simon K
Published: November 2024

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) has recently emerged as a potential treatment option for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mGOO), with a relatively long duration of patency and low rate of reintervention. Its intrinsic risk for serious adverse events and high procedure cost mandates careful patient selection beyond the common safety profiles. This study aimed to assess for predictors of early post-EUS-GE mortality.

Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with unresectable mGOO who underwent EUS-GE. Predictive factors for postoperative 30-day mortality with crude and adjusted hazard ratios were examined using univariate and multivariate penalized likelihood Firth logistic regression analyses.

Results Technical and clinical success was achieved in 96.7% and 93.1% of the patients, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate after the procedure was 11.7%, and no procedure complications were observed. The 30-day mortality group had a significantly low rate of initial clinical success (66.7% vs. 96.2%, P = 0.007). Univariate analysis identified significantly higher postoperative 30-day mortality in patients with poor baseline ECOG performance status scale (≥ 2) and ascites. Presence of grade 2 ascites was confirmed as an independent predictive factor in the multivariate analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 52.41, 95% confidence interval 1.55 to 1775.64, P = 0.024).

Conclusions EUS-GE should be carefully considered for patients with ascites which was an independent predictor for early mortality after procedure in mGOO, especially those with grade 2 or higher level of ascites.
Consensus Guidelines for the Use of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) 4/6 Inhibitors in the Management of Hormone Receptor Positive (HR+ve), Her2−ve Early Breast Cancer (EBC)
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Vora Amish , Yadav Rajan , Kapoor Akhil , Sahoo Tarini , Rajappa Senthil , Kanakashetty Govind Babu , Krishna M. Vamshi , Biswas Ghanashyam , Bahl Ankur , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil , Raja Thirumalairaj , Bajpai Jyoti , Akhade Amol , Singh Randeep , Aggarwal Shyam , Basade Maheboob , Advani S.H.
Published: November 2024

It is still not possible for all patients with early breast cancer to be cured. Even when they respond well to initial therapy, there exists a substantial risk for recurrence, sometimes after several years. With the availability of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors the role of adjuvant therapy has improved, and so has the chance of cure. These consensus guidelines will ensure that the community oncologist will be able to take the right decision for their patient. The expert committee shares their real-world experience as well as the consensus voting results. Patients eligible for adjuvant therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors should start that treatment at the earliest. Based on current published data, abemaciclib is the preferred CDK4/6 inhibitor that should be used in eligible patients (unless contraindicated). To ensure optimal dose intensity and adherence to treatment schedule, use of literature and patient information material can improves compliance. Treatment modification requires early reporting of adverse effects, a responsibility of the patient and caregiver (relatives).
Intraoperative Detection of Screw Penetration Following Volar Plating of the Distal Radius: A Cadaveric Study Comparing Fluoroscopic Imaging and Ultrasound
Authors: Persitz Jonathan , Essa Ahmad , Shor Reut , Faye-Matthies Norah , Schroeder Herb Von , Chan Andrea , Paul Ryan
Published: November 2024

Introduction Hardware prominence is one of the major established complications following volar plating of distal radius fractures. The purpose of this cadaveric study is to compare two conventional fluoroscopic imaging views (carpal shoot-through view [CSV] and dorsal horizon view [DHV]) with ultrasound (US) to establish the best intraoperative imaging modality for surgeons to use to identify penetration of screws through the dorsal cortex and/or into the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).

Materials and Methods Twelve human cadaveric limbs were included in the study, instrumented with distal radius plates via a volar approach. The three imaging modalities, CSV, DHV, and US, were compared in terms of detecting prominent screws during volar plate fixation. Six surgeons with varying levels of expertise performed the evaluations. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were computed for every surgeon and imaging method.

Results The CSV was found to be more sensitive compared with the DHV and US for detecting dorsal cortex penetration (99% vs. 94% vs. 56%, respectively). The DHV was found to be more sensitive in recognizing DRUJ screw penetration compared with CSV and US (89% vs. 78% vs. 11%, respectively). US evaluation demonstrated considerably lower diagnostic utility compared with CSV and DHV. Surgeon's ability to perform as well as confidence in evaluating for screw penetration was highest with the CSV view.

Conclusion Fluoroscopic imaging, particularly the CSV, demonstrates greater diagnostic reliability compared with US for intraoperative detection of prominent screws following volar plate fixation of the distal radius. CSV was also identified as the most reproducible examination for all levels of expertise with minimal formal training required.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic level V.
Tracing long-term commute mode choice shifts in Beijing: four years after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gao Yukun , Zhao Pengjun
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought urban mobility into a new era. This study traces post-pandemic shifts in commute mode switch behaviors and their environmental effects based on an event study design and a mobile phone signaling dataset for Beijing from April 2018 to November 2023. The results show that in the outbreak stage, public transit mode share nosedived, with transit riders 5.11 and 3.75 times more likely to switch to private car and active modes, respectively; in the post-pandemic stage, public transit recovered rapidly and to a large extent, but the increase of private mode dependency persisted, as transit riders were 1.88 times more likely to switch to private cars, and transit riders and car drivers were 1.37 and 1.32 times more likely to adopt active modes, respectively; in the pandemic-free stage, signs of private car dominance began to emerge, as driving habits strengthened and more active travelers resorted to driving, indicating the closing of the window of opportunity to promote low-carbon private transport. This study presents the longest longitudinal tracking of post-pandemic travel mode choice so far. The challenges and opportunities faced by the transportation system are discussed, and policy implications and future research directions are provided.