bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Deterioration of Groundnut Seed Health and Its Implications on Storage Capacity
Authors: Anuroopa P. , Pushpavathi B. , Sujatha P. , Kishan S. Hari
Published: November 2023

Aims: The current study aimed to investigate the factors influencing seed deterioration in groundnut.

Study Design: Three factorial CRD.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, between february 2022 to march 2023.

Methodology: Groundnut seeds harvested at different stages (early, normal, and late) were considered, each with varying seed moisture levels (8%, 10%, and 12%). These seeds were stored under ambient conditions for one year and evaluated for percentage of seed infection, seed rot, and bruchid infection. The assessments were carried out with three replicates, each consisting of 100 seeds. The study was conducted using a three-factorial design as the experimental setup involved three independent variables.

Results: Results showed that among the different seed moisture levels, seeds harvested early with 8% moisture content exhibited the lowest percentages of seed infection, seed rot, and bruchid infection at 62.75% and 59.58% respectively after one year of storage. Conversely, seeds from the late harvesting window with 12% seed moisture content displayed the highest percentages of these seed health parameters at 53%, 00%, and 49.42% respectively. Notably, there was significant variation in seed infection rates observed in both 8% and 12% seed moisture content groups.

Conclusion: These discoveries reveal the vital significance of timely harvesting and maintaining the right moisture levels to safeguard the quality and health of seeds.
An Economic Analysis of Paddy Cultivation and Constraits in Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Ram Siya , Kajal  , Sahu Tikendra Kumar , Bhagat Rohit Kumar , Singh Shweta
Published: November 2023

For the study, 150 farmers were selected at randomly from the Surguja district that covers the majority of Chhattisgarh's expanded area. In order to gather information about farmers from the previous year, primary data was gathered through direct farmer contact for questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data for the previous ten years was provided by many government agencies. Objective is to calculate the costs and return from the paddy crop in the study area. According to estimates, the total cost of paddy cultivation per hectare was Rs. 43584.81; this cost ranged from Rs. 41502.65 at marginal farms to Rs. 44466.62 at large farms. The cost-per-hectare for the sampled farms have been estimated to be Rs. 23430.04, Rs. 23430.04, Rs. 40829.91, Rs. 26584.81, Rs. 43584.80, and Rs. 47943.28 for Cost-A1, Cost-A2, Cost-B1, Cost-B2, Cost-C1, Cost-C2, and Cost-C3 overall. On an overall basis, the net income over Cost-A1, Cost-A2, Cost-B1, Cost-B2, Cost-C1, Cost-2, and Cost-C3 were calculated to be Rs. 95631.96, Rs. 95232.09, Rs. 78232.09, Rs. 92477.20, Rs. 75477.20, and Rs. 71118.72, respectively. The overall gross return was Rs. 141373.30 per hectare, the overall net income was Rs. 97788.49 per hectare, and the overall input-output ratio was 1:2.24 calculated in the study area. Because of the high land value, labor costs, high hybrid seed costs, chemical fertilizer, and other factors, rice cultivation in this region is expensive. Thus, it's critical to maintain the ecology by changing to an improved local variety of paddy and applying FYM and wormi compost in place of chemical fertilizers. Labour costs can be reduced through the use of machinery and technology.
A GIS Based Mapping of Seismic Parameters in Tectonically Active Mikir Massif Region of Assam, India
Authors: Baruah Manash Protim , Kumar Sachin , Bezbaruah Devojit , Goswami Tapos Kumar
Published: November 2023

The Mikir massif area of Assam is considered one of the deformed zones of the north-eastern region (NER) as demonstrated by its seismicity. The present study aims to study the active tectonics in the Mikir massif region with the help of hypocentral parameters, frequency–magnitude relation, and ‘b’ and ‘a’ values of earthquake events. The major structures and existing lineaments of the area are correlated with the seismicity pattern and areas having low seismicity and less heterogeneity has been demarcated based on seismic parameters. The seismicity in the area shows a higher concentration of earthquake events towards NW compared to other parts. The depth section of earthquake events along and across the regional faults shows that all the major structures and lineaments with distinct topographic expressions can be identified from the seismic profile. The activeness of those faults and lineaments can be accessed by the cluster of seismic events that occurred spatially and also at depth. Classification of the area into 4 different seismogenic zones shows higher values of seismic parameters (Mc, a, and b) for Zone A, followed by Zone C, Zone B, and Zone D. The higher seismicity associated with these zones is also confirmed by high lineament density in those areas. The lower b and a- value associated with Zone D implies that the area is seismotectonically stable with fewer numbers of seismic events and hence suitable for any civil engineering construction.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in the Urban Commune of Kindia-Republic of Guinea
Authors: Boiro Aissatou , Diallo Mamadou Gando , Kolie Bonaventure , Diallo Souleymane , Diallo Abdoulaye Djibril , Guilavogui Pévé , Bah Mamadou Boundoukhoura , Balde Thierno Amadou Labé , Boumbaly Sanaba , Boiro Mamadou Yéro
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus; its spread in humans has been boosted by the emergence of parenteral use for medical purposes or drug injections, as well as its asymptomatic nature in the acute phase.

The global prevalence of hepatitis C is estimated at 1%, with a variable distribution in different regions of the world, sometimes even within the same country.

General objective: To help improve the biological diagnosis and prevention of HCV infections in the urban commune of Kindia.

Methodology: The urban commune of Kindia was used as the study area. This prospective and descriptive study was carried out at the Institut de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée de Guinée (IRBAG) from June to December 2022. The biomaterial consists of 3,000 blood samples taken from patients attending consultations at health facilities. The Immuno-Enzymatic technique (ELISA) was used to test for anti-HCV antibodies.

Results: In the course of our work, out of 3,000 samples taken from patients admitted to health facilities, 78 cases tested positive for the anti-HCV antibody, representing a carriage rate of 2.6%.  Females were the most affected, with 50 positive cases (1.67%). The 31-40 age group had the highest anti-HCV antibody carriage rate, at 0.70%.

Conclusion: All socio-professional groups are affected by this infection, but to varying degrees. Despite our efforts, hepatitis C virus infection remains a major concern, as there is currently no vaccine and existing treatments are expensive and inaccessible to middle-income countries.
The Women’s Perception on the Effects of Intimate Partner Violance on Women’s Psychological Wellbeing: A Case of Iringa Municipality
Authors: Mwasala Flora Bruno , Nzali Agnes
Published: November 2023

The general objective of this study is to examine the women perception on effects of Intimate Partner violence on women’s psychological wellbeing and  Specific objectives was To explore the women’s perception on effect of physical Intimate Partner violence on women’s psychological wellbeing,

To examine women’s perception on the effect of sexual Intimate Partner Violence on women’s psychological wellbeing and To determine the  women’s perception on the effect of psychological Intimate Partner Violence on women’s psychological wellbeing.

This study conducted at Kihesa ward, Makorongoni ward and Ruaha ward in Iringa Municipal. Using the mixed research design this study employed Convenience research to collect primary data from 361 women respondents in the study areas and adopted purposive sampling technique to collect data from three key informant. Questionnaires were used as research instrument to collect quantitative data. Quantitative data were presented in tables, frequencies and percentages then analyzed descriptively.

Findings revealed that 74.2% of female agreed about the presence of violence in Iringa Municipal while 25.8% disagreed. On view of physical effects about 42.4% of women agreed that mental illness to the maximum, 44.9% of women confirmed that among the effects was chronic stress to women which affected mostly women at family level. The last physical effects were women being depressed by 12.7%. Furthermore, among the sexual effects, about 45.2% of women were affected through mental illness while 24.4% were affected through chronic stress. Likewise, 15.3% of women confirmed that among the effects were depression and 15.2% of women were affected through isolating themselves. Through psychological effect, about 37.7 % of women affected through mental illness, 29.3% of women affected through chronic stress, 27.5% of women affected through mental illness and 5.5% of women affected through isolation. This study concludes that in Iringa Municipal Council there is effects of physical, sexual and psychological IPV violence which affects women’s psychological wellbeing. The existing literature overwhelmingly confirms that intimate partner violence takes a severe toll on women's psychological wellbeing. It manifests as a range of psychological challenges, including trauma-related symptoms, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Recognizing the complexity of IPV's impact and the unique experiences of survivors is essential for providing effective support and interventions.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Neutropenia After Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Lee Debora H. , Donkor Richard , Parvus Matthew N. , Dannenbaum Mark J. , Schefler Amy C.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has quickly gained popularity as a mainstay of treatment for retinoblastoma. Intra-arterial chemotherapy has been described as having several advantages over systemic chemotherapy, including reducing systemic toxicity and neutropenia; however, studies on the risk of neutropenia after IAC remain limited.

Objective

To estimate the incidence of neutropenia after IAC, as well as identify risk factors associated with the development of neutropenia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series included pediatric patients with unilateral or bilateral retinoblastoma who were treated with IAC at a single quaternary care center from July 13, 2013, to January 6, 2023.

Exposure

All patients were treated with IAC and underwent multiple IAC cycles depending on treatment response. The primary chemotherapy agent used was melphalan, but topotecan or carboplatin could be used along with melphalan. Melphalan doses were kept to 0.4 mg/kg or less per cycle. After each IAC cycle, complete blood cell counts were obtained within 10 to 12 days and repeated until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was greater than or equal to 1000/μL.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the minimum ANC after each IAC cycle. The secondary outcome was the development of severe (grade 3 or 4) neutropenia (ANC <1000/μL). Regression analyses were used to identify associations between variables and outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate threshold dose for each chemotherapy agent potentially associated with the development of severe neutropenia.

Results

A total of 64 eyes of 49 patients (mean [SD] age, 1.7 [1.2] years; 25 females [51.0%]) with retinoblastoma were treated with 171 cycles of IAC. The mean (SD) nadir ANC was 1325.3 (890.7)/μL and occurred a median (IQR) of 10 (10-14) days (range, 6-28 days) after IAC administration. The frequency distribution of post-IAC neutropenia grades 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and missing was 31 (18.1% of cycles), 25 (14.6%), 40 (23.4%), 37 (21.6%), 26 (15.2%), and 12 (7.0%), respectively. Factors weakly correlated with a lower ANC were higher melphalan dose (β = −2356 [95% CI, –4120.6 to −611.2]; adjusted R2 = 0.251; P = .01) and higher topotecan dose (β = −4056 [95% CI, –7003.6 to −1344.5]; adjusted R2 = 0.251; P = .006).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series of patients with retinoblastoma, the incidence of severe neutropenia after IAC was nearly 40%, which is higher than previously reported. Extended laboratory monitoring may aid in capturing previously overlooked cases of neutropenia. Topotecan may be associated with the development of neutropenia; limiting topotecan doses, especially in the setting of a high melphalan dose, may be beneficial in reducing the risk of neutropenia.
Dosimetric impact of adding non‐coplanar arcs for scalp‐avoidance whole‐brain irradiation with volumetric‐modulated arc radiotherapy on scalp dose reduction in pediatric patients with medulloblastomas
Authors: Torizuka Daichi , Uto Megumi , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

We performed scalp‐avoidance whole‐brain irradiation with volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (SAWB‐VMAT) as a component of craniospinal irradiation. In SAWB‐VMAT with two coplanar arcs, radiation oncologists and medical physicists sometimes experience difficulty in reducing the dose to the scalp to below the cut‐off equivalent dose in 2 Gy per fraction (assuming α/β = 2) to 50% (EQD50%scalp). To investigate the advantage of adding coplanar or non‐coplanar arcs in reducing the dose to the scalp in SAWB‐VMAT, we conducted a planning study to compare the EQD50%scalp, the dose to other organs at risk (OARs), and target coverage in VMAT with two coplanar arcs (Co2arcVMAT), VMAT with three coplanar arcs (Co3arcVMAT), and VMAT with two coplanar and two non‐coplanar arcs (NcVMAT).

Methods

Co2arcVMAT, Co3arcVMAT, and NcVMAT plans were created for 10 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma. The planned target volume (PTV) included the regions of the whole brain, cervical spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid space, and intervertebral foramen. The EQD50%scalp was evaluated separately for four areas (top, back, left, and right) in each case. The prescribed dose for the PTV was 35.2 Gy in 22 fractions.

Results

The median EQD50%scalp of the top area was 21.9 , 22.1 , and 18.3 Gy for Co2arcVMAT, Co3arcVMAT, and NcVMAT, respectively. The EQD50%scalp of the top area was significantly reduced in NcVMAT compared to those in Co2arcVMAT and Co3arcVMAT (p < 0.05). The median EQD50%scalp of the top area for NcVMAT was < 19.9 Gy, which is the cut‐off dose for severe permanent alopecia. There were no significant differences in EQD50%scalp in the three other areas, the dose to other OARs, or the dose coverage of PTV among the three techniques.

Conclusion

NcVMAT could reduce the EQD50%scalp of the top area below the cut‐off dose of 19.9 Gy. NcVMAT appears to be a promising treatment technique for SAWB‐VMAT.
Clinical variability associated with intronic FGF14 GAA repeat expansion in Japan
Authors: Ando Masahiro , Higuchi Yujiro , Yuan Junhui , Yoshimura Akiko , Kojima Fumikazu , Yamanishi Yuki , Aso Yasuhiro , Izumi Kotaro , Imada Minako , Maki Yoshimitsu , Nakagawa Hiroto , Hobara Takahiro , Noguchi Yutaka , Takei Jun , Hiramatsu Yu , Nozuma Satoshi , Sakiyama Yusuke , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Matsuura Eiji , Okamoto Yuji , Takashima Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

The GAA repeat expansion within the fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) gene has been found to be associated with late‐onset cerebellar ataxia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic causes of cerebellar ataxia in patients in Japan.

Methods

We collected a case series of 940 index patients who presented with chronic cerebellar ataxia and remained genetically undiagnosed after our preliminary genetic screening. To investigate the FGF14 repeat locus, we employed an integrated diagnostic strategy that involved fluorescence amplicon length analysis polymerase chain reaction (PCR), repeat‐primed PCR, and long‐read sequencing.

Results

Pathogenic FGF14 GAA repeat expansions were detected in 12 patients from 11 unrelated families. The median size of the pathogenic GAA repeat was 309 repeats (range: 270–316 repeats). In these patients, the mean age of onset was 66.9 ± 9.6 years, with episodic symptoms observed in 56% of patients and parkinsonism in 30% of patients. We also detected FGF14 repeat expansions in a patient with a phenotype of multiple system atrophy, including cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism, autonomic ataxia, and bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed normal to mild cerebellar atrophy, and a follow‐up study conducted after a mean period of 6 years did not reveal any significant progression.

Discussion

This study highlights the importance of FGF14 GAA repeat analysis in patients with late‐onset cerebellar ataxia, particularly when they exhibit episodic symptoms, or their brain MRI shows no apparent cerebellar atrophy. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the clinical variability of GAA‐FGF14‐related diseases.
Others (dis‐)endorse this so it must (not) be true: High relative endorsement increases perceived misinformation veracity but not correction effectiveness
Authors: Butler Lucy H. , Fay Nicolas , Ecker Ullrich K. H.
Published: November 2023

People increasingly rely on social‐media platforms to access information; thus, understanding how platform characteristics influence belief in misinformation is important. Recent findings indicate perceived social endorsement of information (e.g., number of likes) can influence misinformation belief and correction acceptance. However, how the influence of endorsement may be modulated by concurrent disendorsement information (e.g., dislikes) is unclear. Across two experiments, we assessed the influence of relative endorsement on misinformation belief and correction acceptance. Experiment 1 exposed participants to claims and fact‐checks with a high or low likes‐to‐dislikes ratio. Experiment 2 simplified the relative‐endorsement information into a single value (i.e., a percentage). Results suggest high relative social endorsement of misinformation significantly increases misinformation belief, particularly when the endorsement information is presented as a single value. Conversely, relative endorsement had a negligible impact on correction effectiveness. This suggests perceived relative endorsement may influence belief primarily when other cues of information veracity are unavailable.
Genetically Engineered Cell Membrane‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Jiang Xinbang , Zhang Xiangyun , Guo Chen , Ma Boya , Liu Zhuang , Du Yunzheng , Wang Biao , Li Nan , Huang Xinglu , Ou Lailiang
Published: November 2023

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a crucial biomarker for early cancer diagnosis and progress of cancer metastasis. However, the extremely rare CTCs with large amounts of background leukocytes seriously restricte the purity of enriched CTCs. Herein, genetically engineered cell membrane‐coated magnetic nanoparticles with following properties are constructed: I) The leukocyte membrane camouflaged nanoparticles, which could significantly reduce nonspecific binding of homologous leukocytes and achieve high‐purity isolation of CTCs, are prepared by simple one‐step extrusion and II) the cellular membrane stably expressing single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody could ensure the recognition of EGFR‐positive CTCs. The binding affinity of the resulting nanoparticles toward extracellular EGFR protein improved more than 100‐fold compared with natural cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles. Furthermore, compared with commercial immunomagnetic nanoparticles, the functional nanoparticles achieved a greater capture efficiency in artificial blood samples and the cell purity increased from 64.8% to 93.5%. Consequently, the authors successfully isolate high pure CTCs from 6 out of 6 cancer patients using engineered cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles. This platform exhibits a promising potential for CTC detection in clinical samples, offering an innovative method for cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
Electrically Controlled Vasodilator Delivery from PEDOT/Silica Nanoparticle Modulates Vessel Diameter in Mouse Brain
Authors: Woeppel Kevin M. , Krahe Daniela D. , Robbins Elaine M. , Vazquez Alberto L. , Cui Xinyan Tracy
Published: November 2023

Vascular damage and reduced tissue perfusion are expected to majorly contribute to the loss of neurons or neural signals around implanted electrodes. However, there are limited methods of controlling the vascular dynamics in tissues surrounding these implants. This work utilizes conducting polymer poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) and sulfonated silica nanoparticle composite (PEDOT/SNP) to load and release a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, to controllably dilate the vasculature around carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) implanted in the mouse cortex. The vasodilator release is triggered via electrical stimulation and the amount of release increases with increasing electrical pulses. The vascular dynamics are monitored in real‐time using two‐photon microscopy, with changes in vessel diameters quantified before, during, and after the release of the vasodilator into the tissues. This work observes significant increases in vessel diameters when the vasodilator is electrically triggered to release, and differential effects of the drug release on vessels of different sizes. In conclusion, the use of nanoparticle reservoirs in conducting polymer‐based drug delivery platforms enables the controlled delivery of vasodilator into the implant environment, effectively altering the local vascular dynamics on demand. With further optimization, this technology could be a powerful tool to improve the neural electrode‐tissue interface and study neurovascular coupling.
Self‐Standing Metal Foam Catalysts for Cathodic Electro‐Organic Synthesis
Authors: Moreno‐García Pavel , Gálvez‐Vázquez María de Jesús , Prenzel Tobias , Winter Johannes , Gálvez‐Vázquez Liliana , Broekmann Peter , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: November 2023

Although electro‐organic synthesis is currently receiving renewed interest because of its potential to enable sustainability in chemical processes to value‐added products, challenges in process development persist: For reductive transformations performed in protic media, an inherent issue is the limited choice of metallic cathode materials that can effectively suppress the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) while maintaining a high activity toward the targeted electro‐organic reaction. Current development trends are aimed at avoiding the previously used HER‐suppressing elements (Cd, Hg, and Pb) because of their toxicity. Here, this work reports the rational design of highly porous foam‐type binary and ternary electrocatalysts with reduced Pb content. Optimized cathodes are tested in electro‐organic reductions using an oxime to nitrile transformation as a model reaction relevant for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Their electrocatalytic performance is compared with that of the model CuSn7Pb15 bronze alloy that has recently been endorsed as the best cathode replacement for bare Pb electrodes. All developed metal foam catalysts outperform both bare Pb and the CuSn7Pb15 benchmark in terms of chemical yield and energetic efficiency. Moreover, post‐electrolysis analysis of the crude electrolyte mixture and the cathode's surfaces through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively, reveal the foam catalysts’ elevated resistance to cathodic corrosion.
Direct Seawater Electrolysis: From Catalyst Design to Device Applications
Authors: Fei Hao , Liu Ruoqi , Liu Tong , Ju Min , Lei Jia , Wang Ziyi , Wang Siyuan , Zhang Yunze , Chen Wen , Wu Zhuangzhi , Ni Meng , Wang Jian
Published: November 2023

Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) for hydrogen production, using earth‐abundant seawater as the feedstock and renewable electricity as the driving source, paves a new opportunity for flexible energy conversion/storage and smooths the volatility of renewable energy. Unfortunately, the complex environments of seawater impose significant challenges on the design of DSE catalysts, and the practical performance of many current DSE catalysts remains unsatisfactory on the device level. However, many studies predominantly concentrate on the development of electrocatalysts for DSE without giving due consideration to the specific devices. To mitigate this gap, the most recent progress (mainly published within the year 2020–2023) of DSE electrocatalysts and devices are systematically evaluated. By discussing key bottlenecks, corresponding mitigation strategies, and various device designs and applications, the tremendous challenges in addressing the trade‐off among activity, stability, and selectivity for DSE electrocatalysts by a single shot are emphasized. In addition, the rational design of the DSE electrocatalysts needs to align with the specific device configuration, which is more effective than attempting to comprehensively enhance all catalytic parameters. This work, featuring the first review of this kind to consider rational catalyst design in the framework of DSE devices, will facilitate practical DSE development.
Humidity‐Responsive Polyvinyl Alcohol/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites with Shape Memory Features for Hair‐Styling Applications
Authors: Uto Koichiro , Liu Yihua , Mu Mingwei , Yamamoto Rie , Azechi Chinami , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Kaeser Adrien , Marliac Marie‐Adeline , Alam Mohammad Mydul , Sasai Jun , Ebara Mitsuhiro
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the maintenance of humidity‐responsive shape memory polymer composites comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose microcrystal for maintaining hair curls in humid environments. The composite films are prepared by a simple blending method using aqueous solutions of different polymer ratios and characterized for thermal properties, chemical structure, and surface morphology. The hydroxyl groups in the PVA and cellulose provided hydrogen‐bonding interactions and improved the miscibility of the composites. Increasing the cellulose content in the composites enhanced mechanical properties and curl‐shape recovery performance, with 20–25 wt.% cellulose achieving maximum recovery. When the PVA/cellulose solution is applied to natural hair, it effectively maintains the shape of curled hair bundles for at least 6 h under 80% humidity and promotes the hair shape recovery rate to 8–10%. Overall, The proposed humidity‐responsive PVA/cellulose composites present promising application potential in the field of hairstyling to withstand humid weather.
Development of Penroseite (Ni,Co)Se2 and Ti‐MXene Inks for Maximizing the Energy Density of Screen‐Printed Flexible Microsupercapacitor
Authors: Balan Balakrishnan , Narayanasamy Mugilan , Rajendra Saradh Prasad , AlSalhi Mohamad S. , Angaiah Subramania
Published: November 2023

The push towards reducing the size of portable/wearable electronics, wireless sensors, and the Internet of Things (IoT's) needs a critical requirement of miniaturized energy storage solutions. Typically, micro‐supercapacitors (MSC's) are the main key factors of electrochemical energy storage systems for those miniaturized device applications. Herein, a scalable screen printable flexible microsupercapcitor with highly flexible architecture is developed using a Prussian blue derived 3D‐penroseite (Ni,Co)Se2 nanocubes as the positive electrode and Ti3C2Tx MXene as the negative electrode. As a result, the printed flexible device delivers an enhanced active electrochemical site and  a high areal capacitance of 63 mF cm−2 with a broad working potential range of 1.0 V. Furthermore, the (Ni,Co)Se2 || Ti3C2Tx based flexible MSC (FMSC) offers a remarkable energy density of 8.75 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.5 mW cm−2, making it an excellent microscale energy storage system for small, portable, and wireless applications.
Harnessing Visible Light for the Synthesis of N‐Aryl Oxazolidines: Organocatalyzed Tandem Decarboxylation‐Cyclization
Authors: Udari Ganesh , Murugesh V. , Sabarinathan Nagaraj , Sridhar B. , Prakash Singh Surya
Published: November 2023

Herein, we have developed an organophotocatalyzed, visible‐light mediated tandem decarboxylation‐cyclization method. The Eosin‐Y as organophotocatalyst drives photoredox tandem protocol to construct C−N, C−O, and C−C bonds in a single operation. The reaction mechanism proceeds through decarboxylation followed by amino alcohol intermediate formation from N‐arylglycine and formaldehyde followed by cyclization with another formaldehyde delivers N‐arylloxazolidine derivatives.
Brønsted‐Acid Mediated Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Indolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles from Indoles and α‐Functionalized Ketones
Authors: Xu Teling , Huang Shanshan , Tan Linbo , Zhang Xueyan , Jiang Wengao , Luo Juan , Tang Qiang
Published: November 2023

Various symmetrical and unsymmetrical indolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles were synthesized in a one‐ or two‐step reaction using α‐haloketones and indoles. The developed methodology demonstrated controllable chemoselectivity and gram‐scale synthesis. Furthermore, this transformation was compatible with other α‐functionalized ketones, such as α‐hydroxy and α‐acetyloxy ketones, allowing for the formation of their corresponding indolocarbazoles. Additionally, our photochemical research has revealed that all the indolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles exhibited dual fluorescence, with the relative intensity varying depending on the solvent.
The Role of Vacancy Dynamics in Two‐Dimensional Memristive Devices
Authors: Spetzler Benjamin , Abdel Dilara , Schwierz Frank , Ziegler Martin , Farrell Patricio
Published: November 2023

Two‐dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising memristive materials for neuromorphic computing systems. Despite extensive experimental work, the underlying switching mechanisms are still not understood, impeding progress in material and device functionality. This study reveals the dominant role of defect dynamics in the switching process of 2D TMDC materials. The switching process is governed by the formation and annihilation dynamics of a local vacancy depletion zone. It explains the distinct features of the device characteristics observed experimentally, including fundamentally different device behavior previously thought to originate from multiple mechanisms. Key influence factors are identified and discussed with a fully coupled and dynamic charge transport model for electrons, holes, and ionic point defects, including image‐charge‐induced Schottky barrier lowering (SBL). Thermal effects and local Joule heating are considered by coupling the transient heat transfer equation to the electronic properties. The model is validated with hysteresis and pulse measurements for various lateral 2D MoS2‐based devices, strongly corroborating the relevance of vacancy dynamics in TMDC devices and offering a new perspective on the switching mechanisms. The insights gained from this study can be used to extend the functional behavior of 2D TMDC memristive devices in future neuromorphic computing applications.
Decoding Internal Stress‐Induced Micro‐Short Circuit Events in Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Li‐Metal Batteries via Operando Pressure Measurements
Authors: Gu Jiabao , Chen Xiaoxuan , He Zhifeng , Liang Ziteng , Lin Ying , Shi Jingwen , Yang Yong
Published: November 2023

Despite the relatively low stiffness of sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), which makes them capable of better formability and accommodation for volume changes of active materials, the low fracture toughness (KIC) indicates a high susceptibility to fracture caused by electrochemo‐mechanical stresses. This susceptibility to mechanical damages and the subsequent lithium filament penetration, manifesting as micro‐short circuit events, seriously hinders the practical application of lithium metal in high‐energy‐density sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). A full understanding of the stress evolution of Li metal anodes during cycling is key to decoding the mechanical damage‐induced micro‐short circuit behavior. Here, an operando and quantitative measurement of the stress evolution of an LTO/SSE/Li configuration all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) operating with various parameters, including cell capacity and current density, is shown. Two micro‐short circuit modes and their corresponding mechanisms are revealed based on the electrochemo‐mechanical response of the Li metal anode. Furthermore, a finite element model (FEM) is used to explain this mechanical failure and a ′safety zone″ for the Li metal anode related to the ′internal stress″ is given. These findings provide new insight into the micro‐short circuit events induced by electrochemo‐mechanical damage in sulfide‐based ASSLMBs.
The impact of catastrophic events on the sex ratio at birth: A systematic review
Authors: Fontanesi Lilybeth , Verrocchio Maria Cristina , D'Ettorre Melissa , Prete Giulia , Ceravolo Francesco , Marchetti Daniela
Published: November 2023

Objective

The impact of maternal stress on birth outcomes is well established in the scientific research. The sex ratio at birth (SRB), namely the ratio of male to female live births, shows significant alteration when mothers experience acute stress conditions, as proposed by the Trivers‐Willard Hypothesis. We aimed to synthetize the literature on the relationship between two exogenous and catastrophic stressful events (natural disasters and epidemics) and SRB.

Methods

A systematic search was run in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, until March 9, 2023. The search produced 1336 articles and 25 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found seven case–control studies and 18 observational studies. Most of studies investigated the impact of earthquakes and other natural disasters. Only seven studies examined the effect of epidemics or pandemics.

Results

The results of the studies seem inconsistent, as 16 studies found a decline in SRB, three found a rise, four did not record any change and two studies gave contradictory results. The period and population analyzed, the source of information, the method of variance analysis in the SRB, and the failure to assess confounding variables may have influenced the incongruence of the results.

Conclusion

Our findings contribute to improve the knowledge about the relationship between socio‐ecological factors and SRB. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms by which this relationship impacts public health, in particular the health of pregnant women and their newborn, through an accurate and consistent methodology that also includes confounding factors.
Uncovering Nitrosyl Reactivity at N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Center
Authors: Park Junbeom , Kim Jaelim , Jeong Gu Yoon , Kim Youngsuk , Lee Eunsung
Published: November 2023

N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have garnered much attention due to their unique properties, such as strong σ‐donating and π‐accepting abilities, as well as their transition‐metal‐like reactivity toward small molecules. In 2015, we discovered that NHCs can react with nitric oxide (NO) gas to form radical adducts that resemble transition metal nitrosyl complexes. To elucidate the analogy between NHC and transition metal NO adducts, here we have undertaken a systematic investigation of the electron‐ and proton‐transfer chemistry of [NHC−NO]⋅ (N‐heterocyclic carbene nitric oxide radical) compounds. We have accessed a suite of compounds, comprised of [NHC−NO]+, [NHC−NO]−, [NHC−NOH]0, and [NHC−NHOH]+ species. In particular, [NHC−NO]− was isolated as potassium and lithium ion adducts. Most interestingly, a monomeric potassium [NHC−NO]− compound was isolated with the assistance of 18‐crown‐6, which is the first instance of a monomeric alkali N‐oxyl compound to the best of our knowledge. Our results demonstrate that [NHC−NO]⋅ exhibits redox behavior broadly similar to metal nitrosyl complexes, which opens up more possibilities for utilizing NHCs to build on the known reactivity of metal complexes.
Insight into the Role of Fluoroethylene Carbonate on the Stability of Sb||Graphite Dual‐Ion Batteries in Propylene Carbonate‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Zhou Xun‐Zhu , Hao Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Jian , Li Lin , Zhao Qing , Lai Wei‐Hong , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: November 2023

Sodium dual‐ion batteries (Na‐DIBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their high operative voltages and low‐cost raw materials. However, the practical applications of Na‐DIBs are still hindered by the issues, such as low capacity and poor Coulombic efficiency, which is highly correlated with the compatibility between electrode and electrolyte but rarely investigated. Herein, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is introduced into the electrolyte to regulate cation/anion solvation structure and the stability of cathode/anode‐electrolyte interphase of Na‐DIBs. The FEC modulates the environment of PF6− solvation sheath and facilitates the interaction of PF6− on graphite. In addition, the NaF‐rich interphase caused by the preferential decomposition of FEC effectively inhibits side reactions and pulverization of anodes with the electrolyte. Consequently, Sb||graphite full cells in FEC‐containing electrolyte achieve an improved capacity, cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency. This work elucidates the underlying mechanism of bifunctional FEC and provides an alternative strategy of building high‐performance dual ion batteries.
Controlling Electron Delocalization in Vanadium‐Based Hybrid Bronzes through Molecular Templation
Authors: Wan Suchen , Musielak Nicole , Oliver Allen G. , Jaffe Adam
Published: November 2023

We show that the conductivity of hybrid vanadium bronzes—mixed‐valence organic–inorganic vanadium oxides—can be tuned over six orders of magnitude through judicious choice of molecular component. By systematically varying the steric profile, charge density, and propensity to hydrogen bond across a series of eight diammonium‐based molecules, we engender multiple distinct motifs of V−O connectivity within the two‐dimensional vanadium oxide layers of a family of bulk crystalline hybrid materials. A combination of single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, variable‐temperature electrical transport measurements, and a range of spectroscopic methods, including UV/Visible diffuse reflectance, X‐ray photoelectron, and electron paramagnetic resonance are employed to probe how vanadium oxide layer topology correlates with electron localization. Specifically, alkylammonium molecules yield hybrids featuring more corrugated layers that contain V−O tetrahedra as well as a higher ratio of corner‐sharing to edge‐sharing polyhedra and that exhibit highly localized electronic behavior, while alkyl bipyridinium molecules yield more regular layers with polyhedral edge‐sharing that show substantially delocalized electronic behavior. This work allows for the development of design principles based on structure–property relationships and brings the charge transport capabilities of hybrid vanadium bronzes to more technologically relevant levels.
Control of Intermediates and Products by Combining Droplet Reactions and Ion Soft‐Landing
Authors: Yang Fangshun , Urban Raphael D. , Lorenz Jonas , Griebel Jan , Koohbor Nima , Rohdenburg Markus , Knorke Harald , Fuhrmann Daniel , Charvat Ales , Abel Bernd , Azov Vladimir A. , Warneke Jonas
Published: November 2023

Despite being recognized primarily as an analytical technique, mass spectrometry also has a large potential as a synthetic tool, enabling access to advanced synthetic routes by reactions in charged microdroplets or ionic thin layers. Such reactions are special and proceed primarily at surfaces of droplets and thin layers. Partial solvation of the reactants is usually considered to play an important role for reducing the activation barrier, but many mechanistic details still need to be clarified. In our study, we showcase the synergy between two sequentially applied “preparative mass spectrometry” methods: initiating accelerated reactions within microdroplets during electrospray ionization to generate gaseous ionic intermediates in high abundance, which are subsequently mass‐selected and soft‐landed to react with a provided reagent on a substrate. This allows the generation of products at a nanomolar scale, amenable to further characterization. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the contrasting reaction pathways between intrinsically neutral and pre‐charged reagents, respectively, both in microdroplets and in layers generated by ion soft‐landing are investigated. This provides new insights into the role of partially solvated reagents at microdroplet surfaces for increased reaction rates. Additionally, further insights into reactions of ions of the same polarity under various conditions is obtained.
21‐Carba‐23‐selenaporphyrinoid Dyads—An Azepine Unit as a Merging Motif
Authors: Berlicka Anna , Foryś‐Martowłos Paulina , Białek Michał J. , Stasiak Katarzyna , Walczak Aleksandra , Wójcik Agnieszka , Białońska Agata , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: November 2023

The oxidation of 10,15‐diaryl‐21‐carba‐23‐selenaporphyrinoids resulted in the creation of dyads. The dimerization process follows a [5+2] cycloaddition path with the formation of an azepine unit. The arrays display two direct bonds between the peripheral carbocyclic carbon atoms of one carbaselenaporphyrinic subunit and the central carbon and nitrogen atoms of the second subunit. This results in a unique canted arrangement of two carbaporphyrinoid planes resembling an open seashell‐like motif.
A Chiral Emissive Conjugated Corral for High‐Affinity and Highly Enantioselective Recognition in Water
Authors: Fu Rong , Zhao Qing‐Yu , Han Han , Li Wen‐Li , Chen Fang‐Yuan , Tang Chun , Zhang Wei , Guo Si‐Dan , Li Dai‐Yuan , Geng Wen‐Chao , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Cai Kang
Published: November 2023

Accurately distinguishing between enantiomeric molecules is a fundamental challenge in the field of chemistry. However, there is still significant room for improvement in both the enantiomeric selectivity (KR(S)/KS(R)) and binding strength of most reported macrocyclic chiral receptors to meet the demands of practical application scenarios. Herein, we synthesized a water‐soluble conjugated tubular host—namely, corral[4]BINOL—using a chiral 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) derivative as the repeating unit. The conjugated chiral backbone endows corral[4]BINOL with good fluorescent emission (QY=34 % ) and circularly polarized luminescence (|glum| up to 1.4×10−3) in water. Notably, corral[4]BINOL exhibits high recognition affinity up to 8.6×1010 M−1 towards achiral guests in water, and manifested excellent enantioselectivity up to 18.7 towards chiral substrates, both of which represent the highest values observed among chiral macrocycles in aqueous solution. The ultrastrong binding strength, outstanding enantioselectivity, and facile accessibility, together with the superior fluorescent and chiroptical properties, endow corral[4]BINOL with great potential for a wide range of applications.
Exploration of entropy analysis and viscous dissipation on radially convective flow of (Cu‐Al2O3:H2O) hybrid nanofluid over a stretching disk
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bhumarapu , Narayana Panyam Venkata Satya , Joo Sang Woo
Published: November 2023

The current research work deals with the impact of suction/injection on the thermally radiating convective flow generated by a nonlinear stretched disk. The energy equation is addressed by the presence of thermal radiation and the energy dissipative function. This work was carried out with the help of the Das and Tiwari (single‐phase nanofluid) models and the Maxwell Garnett and Brinkman nanofluid models for the analysis of entropy generation. In the present model, nanoparticles of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) are being used with water (H2O) as the base fluid. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the assistance of appropriate similarity variables. These transformed equations are then solved using the bvp4c function, a built‐in function in MATLAB software. The investigation examines the influence of various factors on the velocity and temperature fields, entropy generation, skin friction, and heat transfer rate. The findings show that suction decreases velocity and temperature by 6.59%, while injection has the opposite effect. Viscous dissipation increases velocity by 5.13% and temperature by 17.94% in hybrid nanofluids. Higher Prandtl numbers reduce velocity and temperature by 6% in nanofluids but boost them by 5.45% and 18.81% in hybrid nanofluids with radiation growth. As volume fraction rises, Al2O3/H2O nanofluid speed falls by 5.37%, but Cu‐Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid temperature increases by 13.09% and surface drag force increases by 12%. The entropy of the hybrid nanofluid increases by 5.84%, 8.19%, and 14.04% with Eckert number, suction, and Prandtl number but decreases by 10.08% with temperature difference. The Nusselt number of nanofluid decreases by 10.58% and 12.40% with Eckert number and radiation, but hybrid particles increase it by 10.31% with intensified Prandtl number. These findings offer valuable insights for potential applications of hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer and cooling systems.
Investigation on the influence of sulfonic substitution in polyacrylamides for minimizing drag in turbulent flow of slickwater fluids
Authors: Korlepara Navneeth Kumar , Patel Nikhil , Dilley Christopher , Deysarkar Asoke Kumar , Kulkarni Sandeep D.
Published: November 2023

The use of slickwater fluids for fracking is key for accessing unconventional shale/tight‐sand reservoirs. To mitigate the frictional losses observed during the injection, drag reducers like sulfonated polyacrylamides (SPAMs) are added to the slickwater fluids. The current study presents a unique controlled investigation that examines the impact of sulfonic group substitution, ranging from 5 to 25 wt%, in SPAMs. The molecular weight of the polymers is kept constant at ~7.5–7.8 million Daltons. The investigation is two‐pronged: first part is comprised of drag reduction (%DR) performance of the polymers in fluids of varying salinities on a laboratory flow‐loop. The results obtained indicated the inter‐dependence of fluid salinity and sulfonic substitution on the polymer performance; for example, %DR deterioration of SPAM with 5 wt% substitution was 24.7%; to the contrary, the deterioration was only 15.6% for SPAM with 25 wt% substitution with rise in fluid salinity from 150 ppm to 110 k ppm. The second part of study included in development of a physics‐based model where the polymer relaxation response (Weissenberg number) was improvised to accommodate the impact of governing parameters and then, successfully correlated with the %DR performance using phenomenological equations for the studied range of parameters.