bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Regulated Glucose‐Sensitive Neoglycoenzyme‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Insulin Delivery
Authors: Oroval Mar , Díez Paula , Aznar Elena , Coll Carmen , Marcos María Dolores , Sancenón Félix , Villalonga Reynaldo , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón
Published: November 2016

We describe herein the preparation of glucose‐sensitive capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for insulin delivery. The new material consists of an expanded‐pore nanometric silica support grafted with 1‐propyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole groups, loaded with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled insulin (FITC‐Ins) and capped by the formation of inclusion complexes between cyclodextrin‐modified glucose oxidase (CD‐GOx) and the benzimidazole groups grafted on the mesoporous support. Insulin delivery from the gated material in simulated blood plasma was assessed upon addition of glucose. Glucose is transformed by GOx into gluconic acid, which promoted the dethreading of the benzimidazole–CD‐GOx inclusion complexes, allowing cargo release. Small quantities of this support would be needed to release the amount of insulin necessary to decrease diabetic blood glucose concentrations to regular levels.
Zukunftsweisende Methoden der Prozessführung bei der Bierherstellung
Authors: Geier Dominik , Whitehead Iain , Birle Stephan , Becker Thomas
Published: November 2016

Der Prozess der Bierherstellung präsentiert sich seit jeher als Triebkraft und prädestiniertes Einsatzgebiet für Innovationen – von der Einführung der modernen Kältetechnik durch Carl von Linde bis zur Etablierung von Fertigungsphilosophien wie der Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Initiative. Die PAT ist ein innovatives Werkzeug zur Gestaltung einer optimalen Prozessführung mit dem Ziel einer gesicherten Produktqualität. Im Gegensatz zu der in der Praxis etablierten Produktfreigabe mittels aufwändiger Laboranalytik wird hierbei eine prozessorientierte Validierung und Freigabe in Echtzeit angestrebt.
Integration of Multiple Analytical and Computational Tools for the Discovery of High‐Potency Enzyme Inhibitors from Herbal Medicines
Authors: Song Hui‐Peng , Wang Hong , Liang Jin‐Xiu , Qian Cheng , Wu Si‐Qi , Xu Wen‐Jun , Wu Bin , Liu Xin‐Guang , Li Ping , Yang Hua
Published: November 2016

Herbal medicines (HMs) are an important source of drugs. In this study, an efficient strategy integrating ultrafiltration LC–MS, microplate bioassays, and molecular docking was proposed to screen high‐potency enzyme inhibitors from HMs. Using this strategy, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) including binding‐affinity‐based SAR, enzymatic‐activity‐based SAR, and structural‐complementarity‐based SAR of compounds in an HM can be analyzed to provide abundant information for drug discovery. A prominent advantage of the approach is that it offers a multidimensional perspective to understand enzyme–ligand interactions, which could help to avoid false‐positive screening results brought by a single method. By using xanthine oxidase (XOD) as an illustrative case, two types of potent XOD inhibitors, including flavones and coumarins, were successfully screened out from an HM of Ginkgo biloba. The study is expected to set a solid foundation for multidisciplinary cooperation in drug discovery.
Potent and Selective Non‐hydroxamate Histone Deacetylase 8 Inhibitors
Authors: Kleinschek Alexander , Meyners Christian , Digiorgio Eros , Brancolini Claudio , Meyer‐Almes Franz‐Josef
Published: November 2016

Specific inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has been suggested as a promising option for the treatment of neuroblastoma and T‐cell malignancies. A novel class of highly potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors with a pyrimido[1,2‐c][1,3]benzothiazin‐6‐imine scaffold was studied that is completely different from the traditional concept of HDAC inhibitors comprising a zinc binding group (ZBG), in most cases a hydroxamate group, a spacer, and a capping group that may interact with the surface of the target protein. Although lacking a ZBG, some of the new compounds were shown to have outstanding potency against HDAC8 in the single‐digit nanomolar range. The pyrimido[1,2‐c][1,3]benzothiazin‐6‐imines also inhibited the growth of solid and hematological tumor cells. The small size and beneficial physicochemical properties of the novel HDAC inhibitor class underline the high degree of drug likeness. This and the broad structure–activity relationship suggest great potential for the further development of compounds with the pyrimido[1,2‐c][1,3]benzothiazin‐6‐imine scaffold into innovative and highly effective therapeutic drugs against cancer.
Color harmony in two‐piece garments
Authors: Huang Min , Cui Guihua , Melgosa Manuel , García Pedro A. , Liu Haoxue , Liu Yu , Luo M. Ronnier
Published: November 2016

Using a categorical scale of 10 U, we have assessed color harmony in two‐piece garments (jackets‐trousers) considering a vicenarian and a quinquagenarian style. The experiment was performed by a panel of 59 Chinese observers (26 males and 33 females) with normal color vision and ages ranging 20–78 years, considering 300 color combinations for each of the two styles. For a given color combination, comparing results in the vicenarian/quinquagenarian styles for female/male observers, and observers below/above 45 years old, we found generally higher harmony scores for the vicenarian style, male observers, and observers older than 45 years. We found statistically significant differences (Welch two‐sample t test, P < 0.001) between color‐harmony results for the vicenarian and quinquagenarian styles, as well as considering the scores reported both by male/female observers and by observers below/above 45 years old. We propose a very simple lineal model fitting our current results with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.70 U in our 10‐unit scale, which is below the one achieved by other complex models previously proposed, and also below the inter‐ and intra‐observer variability in our experiment. From our total experimental results, each of the five traditional color‐harmony principles (complementary hues and equal lightness, chroma, tone, and hue) was found to be valid at a low percentage (53–58% of the cases). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 498–511, 2017
Drug‐induced liver injury: Advances in mechanistic understanding that will inform risk management
Authors: Mosedale M , Watkins PB
Published: November 2016

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a major public health problem. Intrinsic (dose‐dependent) DILI associated with acetaminophen overdose is the number one cause of acute liver failure in the US. However, the most problematic type of DILI impacting drug development is idiosyncratic, occurring only very rarely among treated patients and often only after several weeks or months of treatment with the offending drug. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of DILI suggest that three mechanisms may underlie most hepatocyte effects in response to both intrinsic and idiosyncratic DILI drugs: mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and alterations in bile acid homeostasis. However, in some cases hepatocyte stress promotes an immune response that results in clinically important idiosyncratic DILI. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of both intrinsic and idiosyncratic DILI as well as emerging tools and techniques that will likely improve DILI risk identification and management.
Tailoring Microbial Electrochemical Cells for Production of Hydrogen Peroxide at High Concentrations and Efficiencies
Authors: Young Michelle N. , Links Mikaela J. , Popat Sudeep C. , Rittmann Bruce E. , Torres César I.
Published: November 2016

A microbial peroxide producing cell (MPPC) for H2O2 production at the cathode was systematically optimized with minimal energy input. First, the stability of H2O2 was evaluated using different catholytes, membranes, and catalyst materials. On the basis of these results, a flat‐plate MPPC fed continuously using 200 mm NaCl catholyte at a 4 h hydraulic retention time was designed and operated, producing H2O2 for 18 days. H2O2 concentration of 3.1 g L−1 H2O2 with 1.1 Wh g−1 H2O2 power input was achieved in the MPPC. The high H2O2 concentration was a result of the optimum materials selected. The small energy input was largely the result of the 0.5 cm distance between the anode and cathode, which reduced ionic transport losses. However, >50 % of operational overpotentials were due to the 4.5–5 pH unit difference between the anode and cathode chambers. The results demonstrate that a MPPC can continuously produce H2O2 at high concentration by selecting compatible materials and appropriate operating conditions.
Synthesis and Structures of Mono‐ and Dinuclear Molybdenum Complexes with Reduced α‐Diimine Ligands
Authors: Zhao Yanxia , Xue Yurong , Xu Wenhua , Su Ji‐Hu , Wu Biao , Yang Xiao‐Juan
Published: November 2016

The mononuclear molybdenum complex [Mo(HL)2] (1), Mo–Mo single‐bond compound [HLClMo(µ‐Cl)3MoHLCl] [2; Mo–Mo 2.832(7) Å], and Mo≡Mo triple‐bond compounds [Mo2Cl2(µ‐HL)2] [3; Mo–Mo 2.194(6) Å] and [Mo2Cl2(µ‐Cl)(µ‐HL)Cl2Na(THF)3] [4; Mo–Mo 2.167(2) Å] have been synthesized by the reaction of HL {HL = [(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)NCH]2} with 0.5, 1, and 2 equiv. of MoCl5 and different amounts of Na metal. In the single‐bond compound 2, the α‐diimine ligand HL displays the normal chelating coordination mode. In contrast, the triple‐bond compounds 3 and 4 feature the less common bridging mode of α‐diimine ligands. Complexes 1–4 have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and their electronic structures were studied by EPR and DFT computations.
A Series of [2+2] Schiff Base Macrocyclic Dinuclear ZnII Complexes with Rigid 1,2‐Diamine and Flexible 1,8‐Diamine Components
Authors: Chang Fei‐Fan , Hu Yong , Zhang Kun , Chen Hui‐Qin , Huang Wei
Published: November 2016

Eight [2+2] Schiff base macrocyclic dinuclear ZnII complexes, bearing extended dialdehydes (Cl‐dialdehyde and Me‐dialdehyde) with the same cyclohexyl pendant arm but different rigid 1,2‐diamine and flexible 1,8‐diamine components [diaminomaleonitrile, 1,2‐diaminobenzene, and 1,2‐bis(2‐aminoethoxy)ethane] have been successfully constructed with use of the zinc ion template in the presence of different counterions. The use of different electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating substituents (Cl, CH3) in 1a and 1b, respectively, leads to distinguishable spectral behavior of the corresponding Schiff base macrocyclic dinuclear ZnII complexes. The auxiliary‐coordinated or ‐uncoordinated halide counterions (Cl, Br, I) in 2 and 3 result in varying structural characteristics.
Efficient Method for Aromatic‐Aldehyde Oxidation by Cleavage of Their Hydrazones Catalysed by Trimethylsilanolate
Authors: Burglova Kristyna , Okorochenkov Sergei , Budesinsky Milos , Hlavac Jan
Published: November 2016

The reactions of hydrazones, derived from various aromatic aldehydes bound to Rink resin and hydrazines, with trimethylsilanolate have been studied. In this process, the aldehydes were oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The reaction was also tested with success in solution, with various aromatic aldehydes easily being oxidized in one pot via hydrazone formation and trimethylsilanolate treatment. A mechanism for the hydrazone cleavage is proposed. The reaction may be used as an alternative method for aldehyde oxidation with the selectivity complementary to that of currently used reactions.
Theoretical Insights into the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydropyridines from Unsaturated Oximes by RhIII‐Catalyzed C–H Activation – A DFT Study
Authors: Zhang Xiang‐Biao , Hu Zhen‐Yuan , Zhou Gui‐E , Wang Song
Published: November 2016

A density functional theory study is performed on the reactions of α,β‐unsaturated oxime pivalates and alkenes through Cp*RhIII‐catalyzed (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) C–H activation. The catalytic cycle involves reversible metalation–deprotonation, migratory alkene insertion, pivaloyl transfer to the Rh center, and reductive elimination, among other steps. The results show that the migratory alkene insertion is rate‐determining and that the reductive elimination to form the product‐ligated species makes the reaction irreversible (exergonic by 60 kcal/mol). If the electron‐donating ability of the substituents on the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand is increased or an electron‐withdrawing group is introduced into the terminus of the alkene, the apparent activation energy of the reaction increases. In contrast, if a stronger electron‐donating group is introduced at the 2‐position of the α,β‐unsaturated oxime pivalate, the apparent activation energy of the reaction decreases greatly, and the reaction can be performed at room temperature. On the other hand, for phenyl groups at the 2‐position, the introduction of a more electron‐deficient p‐CF3‐phenyl group increases the apparent activation energy. Finally, the diastereoselectivity of the reaction with cyclohexylethylene as the substrate is attributable to a clash between the cyclohexyl group and the α,β‐unsaturated oxime pivalate.
Optimization of key factors affecting biogas production from synthetic wastewater by anaerobic granular sludge
Authors: Yang Longhui , Zhang Jian , Xian Ping
Published: November 2016

Factors affecting biogas production from synthetic wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by anaerobic granular sludge were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box‐Behnken Design. COD,
‐N and sulphate were investigated as the experimental parameters. The experiments were conducted in 500 mL serum bottles with a working volume of 300 mL. The optimum conditions were determined as COD of 5610 mg L−1,
‐N of 100 mg L−1 and sulphate of 1830 mg L−1 according to the experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, a maximum biogas yield of 604.05 mL, COD removal of 95.87%,
‐N removal of 42.94% and sulphate removal of 80.29% were obtained. COD and sulphate showed the greatest individual and interactive effects on biogas yield (P < 0.05). COD had an individual effect on biogas yield (P < 0.0001) and
‐N also had an individual effect on COD removal (P < 0.0001). The confirmation experiments conducted under the optimal conditions resulted in a biogas yield of 589.75 mL, COD removal of 94.09%,
‐N removal of 39.31% and sulphate removal of 74.37%. The differences between predicted values and experimental results were satisfactory. The model had practical directive significance for optimizing key factors affecting biogas production from synthetic wastewater by anaerobic granular sludge. Optimizing COD,
‐N, and sulphate can improve biogas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 11–20, 2017
Do Wealth Shocks Affect Health? New Evidence from the Housing Boom
Authors: Fichera Eleonora , Gathergood John
Published: November 2016

We exploit large exogenous changes in housing wealth to examine the impact of wealth gains and losses on individual health. In UK household, panel data house price increases, which endow owners with greater wealth, lower the likelihood of home owners exhibiting a range of non‐chronic health conditions and improve their self‐assessed health with no effect on their psychological health. These effects are not transitory and persist over a 10‐year period. Using a range of fixed effects models, we provide robust evidence that these results are not biased by reverse causality or omitted factors. For owners' wealth gains affect labour supply and leisure choices indicating that house price increases allow individuals to reduce intensity of work with commensurate health benefits. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles Studies of the Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Misfit Layered Phases of Calcium Cobaltite
Authors: Ramasubramaniam Ashwin
Published: November 2016

The electronic and thermoelectric properties of two phases of calcium cobaltite, a misfit layered compound, are investigated and compared using first‐principles DFT calculations. The two phases considered here include the conventional bulk phase that consists of alternating layers of Ca2CoO3 and CoO2, and a new phase that consists of alternating layers of CaCoO2 and CoO2, which was recently discovered in nanotubes. Electronic structure calculations reveal that both phases are ferrimagnetic materials with one important difference: the bulk phase is metallic, whereas the nanotubular phase is semiconducting. The metal‐to‐semiconductor transition that accompanies the Ca2CoO3 to CaCoO2 structural transition is shown to arise from the depletion of free carriers from the donor Ca atoms. The implications of the difference in electronic structure for the thermoelectric performance of these two phases are further examined with Boltzmann transport calculations. Relative to the metallic phase, the semiconducting phase displays appreciably higher Seebeck coefficients at minimal doping levels; these increased Seebeck coefficients compensate for the reduced conductivity and result in large power factors. In conjunction with the fact that the semiconducting phase is peculiar to 1D nanotubes, it is expected that additional effects from quantum confinement could render these low‐dimensional materials as promising thermoelectric materials.
Risk of Fracture in Primary Aldosteronism: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Vin-Cent , Chang Chia-Hui , Wang Cheng-Yi , Lin Yen-Hung , Kao Tze-Wah , Lin Po-Chih , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Chang Yuan-Shian , Chen Likwang , Wu Kwan-Dun , Chueh Shih-Chieh Jeff
Published: November 2016

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion and osteoporosis prevalence. We studied the long-term effect of hyperaldosterone on fracture risk and possible risk mitigation via treatments, by comparing PA patients and their essential hypertension (EH) counterparts extracted by propensity score match. We used a longitudinal population database from the Taiwan National Health Insurance, and used a validated algorithm to identify PA patients diagnosed in 1997–2010. Our sample included 2533 PA patients, including 921 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Our methods for assessing excessive fracture risk included multivariable Cox regression and the competing risk regression. The incidence rate of fracture at any site was 14.4 per 1000 person-years for PA, and 11.2 per 1000 person-years for APA. In contrast, the incidence rate of fracture at any site was 8.3 per 1000 person-years in EH controls for PA, and 6.5 per 1000 person-years in EH controls for APA. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment might be associated with higher risk of osteoporotic fracture in the whole female PA cohort (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 2.12, p = 0.008) as well as female APA patients (SHR = 1.15, p = 0.049). As to fracture at any site, MRA treatment was also associated with higher risk; the SHR was 1.88 (p < 0.001) in the whole female PA cohort, and 2.17 (p = 0.019) in female APA patients. PA is tightly associated with higher risk of bone fracture, even in the case where the competing risk of death was controlled. Particularly, female PA patients treated with MRA were confronted with significantly higher risk in bone fracture than their EH controls. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Abstract

Our research provides the first evidence on primary aldosteronism (PA)-related long-term risk in bone fracture from a large population-based cohort and under a study design of case-control match on propensity score. PA is tightly associated with higher risk of bone fracture, even in the case where the competing risk of death was controlled. Particularly, female PA patients treated with MRA were confronted with significantly higher risk in bone fracture than their essential hypertensive controls.
HK2 Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells Synthesize and Secrete Plasma Proteins Predominantly Through the Apical Surface
Authors: Zhao Ke‐Wei , Murray Elsa J. Brochmann , Murray Samuel S.
Published: November 2016

Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) are known to reabsorb salts and small plasma proteins filtered through Bowman's capsule. Following acute kidney injury, PTECs assume some characteristics of hepatocytes in producing various plasma proteins. We now demonstrate that even at a resting state, a PTEC cell line, HK2 expresses mRNAs for and synthesizes and secretes plasma proteins in a complex with complement C3, an α2‐macroglobulin family chaperone, including albumin, transferrin, α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐antichymotrypsin, α2‐HS‐glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, C1‐inhibitor, secreted phosphoprotein‐24, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1. When grown on transwell inserts, HK2 cells predominantly secrete (∼90%) plasma proteins into the apical side and a smaller fraction into the basolateral side as determined by ELISA assays. When cultured in the presence of exogenous cytokines such as IL1β, IL6, TNFα, BMP2, or TGFβ1, HK2 cell mRNA expressions for plasma proteins were variably affected whereas basolateral secretions were elevated to or in excess of those of the apical level. In addition, HK2 cells produce proTGFβ1 with its intact N‐terminal latency associated peptide and latent‐TGF‐β‐binding proteins. The complex cannot be dissociated under conditions of SDS, heating, and electrophoresis. Moreover, HK2 cells maintain their ability to quickly uptake exogenously added serum proteins from the culture medium, as if they are recognized differently by the endocytic receptors. These results provide new insight into the hepatization of PTECs. In addition to their unique uptake of plasma proteins and salts from the filtrate, they are a source of urinary proteins under normal conditions as wells as in chronic and acute kidney diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 924–933, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase‐transfer‐catalyst‐assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Laping , Shi Ludi , Yi Tingquan , Wen Yuxia , Wang Juanli , Liu Shuhui
Published: November 2016

For the analysis of edible oils, saponification is well known as a useful method for eliminating oil matrices. The conventional approach is conducted with alcoholic alkali; it consumes a large volume of organic solvents and impedes the retrieval of analytes by microextraction. In this study, a low‐organic‐solvent‐consuming method has been developed for the analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Sample treatment involves aqueous alkaline saponification, assisted by a phase‐transfer catalyst, and selective in situ extraction of the analyte with a supramolecular solvent. Comparison of the chromatograms of the oil extracts obtained by different microextraction methods showed that the supramolecular solvent has a better clean‐up effect for the unsaponifiable matter from oil matrices. The method offered excellent linearity over a range of 0.03– 5.0 ng mL−1 (r > 0.999). Recovery rates varied from 94 to 102% (RSDs <5.0%). The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.06 and 0.19 μg kg−1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of 52 edible oils collected online in China; the analyte contents of 23 tested oil samples exceeded the maximum limit of 2 μg kg−1 for benzo[a]pyrene set by the Commission Regulation of the European Union.
A Paradox in Individual Versus National Mental Health Vulnerability: Are Higher Resource Levels Associated With Higher Disorder Prevalence?
Authors: Dückers Michel L. A. , Brewin Chris R.
Published: November 2016

An earlier study (Dückers, Alisic, & Brewin, 2016) found that countries with greater social and economic resources were characterized by a higher lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we present a similar analysis of national population survey data to examine this vulnerability paradox in relation to other disorders. We predicted the lifetime prevalence of any mental health disorder (i.e., anxiety, mood, substance, and externalizing disorders) in 17 countries based on trauma exposure and country vulnerability data. A substantial proportion of variance in all disorder categories, 32.9% to 53.9%, could be explained by trauma exposure. Explained variance increased by 5 and up to 40 percentage points after adding the variable of vulnerability to the equation. Higher exposure and lower vulnerability levels were accompanied by a higher prevalence in any mental disorder, with the largest effect size in mood disorders (R2 = .76). The interaction between exposure and vulnerability did not explain significant additional variance as it did for PTSD. Because a PTSD diagnosis links psychological, physical, and functional symptoms explicitly to trauma exposure, this might mean that populations in less‐vulnerable countries are more likely to attribute health complaints to exposure. The results of this study suggest that country‐level data can help to better explain the multilayered mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability in the context of trauma.
Examining Patterns of Exposure to Family Violence in Preschool Children: A Latent Class Approach
Authors: Grasso Damion J. , Petitclerc Amélie , Henry David B. , McCarthy Kimberly J. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J.
Published: November 2016

Young children can experience violence directly or indirectly in the home, with some children exposed to multiple forms of violence. These polyvictims often experience violence that is severe, chronic, and multifaceted. The current study used latent class analysis to identify and examine the pattern of profiles of exposure to family violence (i.e., violence directed towards the child and between caregivers) among a sample of 474 children ages 3–6 year who were drawn from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (Wakschlag et al., 2014). The data yielded 3 classes: a polyvictimized class (n = 72; 15.2%) with high probability of exposure to all forms of violence, a harsh parenting class (n = 235; 49.5%), distinguished mainly by child‐directed physical discipline in the absence of more severe forms of violence, and a low‐exposure class (n = 167; 35.2%). Classes were differentiated by contextual factors, maternal characteristics, and mother‐reported and observational indicators of parenting and child functioning with most effect sizes between medium and large. These findings add to emerging evidence linking polyvictimization to impaired caregiving and adverse psychological outcomes for children and offer important insight for prevention and intervention for this vulnerable population.
Residue influences quality of life independently of penetration and aspiration in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Meyer Tanya K. , Pisegna Jessica M. , Krisciunas Gintas P. , Pauloski Barbara R. , Langmore Susan E.
Published: November 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Dysphagia is one of the most significant side effects of the treatment of head and neck cancer. Residue and aspiration are two indicators of dysphagia, but aspiration is historically the only indicator of interest, because it may impact health outcomes. Clinicians have anecdotally used residue as another marker of swallowing dysfunction, but it is understudied. This project investigated the impact of aspiration versus residue on function and quality of life (QoL) in these patients.

Study Design

Observational study.

Methods

A total of 168 head and neck cancer survivors with moderate to severe dysphagia were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing two swallow therapy interventions. Data at time of entry were used for the current study. A modified barium swallow study was done to compute Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores, percentage oral residue, and percentage pharyngeal residue with three bolus consistencies (5 mL thin, nectar, and pudding). The Performance Status Scale (PSS) and the Head Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) questionnaires were administered. Data were analyzed to determine associations between aspiration and residue estimates with function and QoL scores.

Results

Worsening aspiration and residue estimates were all correlated with decreased scores on the PSS functional scales (r = −0.190 to −0.324, P ≤ .031). However, only increasing residue estimates were significantly related to decreased patient‐perceived QoL on the HNCI (r = −.178 to −.194, P < .046). This effect was more pronounced with oral versus pharyngeal residue.

Conclusions

In this group of head and neck cancer survivors, penetration/aspiration and residue show independent effects. PAS affects functional status only, but residue affects both functional status and QoL. This study supports that residue should be considered a primary measurement of swallowing function and be a target for identification, treatment, and evaluation of swallowing.

Level of Evidence

2c. Laryngoscope, 127:1615–1621, 2017
Optimising the design of textured surfaces for reducing lubricated friction coefficient
Authors: Echávarri Otero Javier , de la Guerra Ochoa Eduardo , Bellón Vallinot Irene , Chacón Tanarro Enrique
Published: November 2016

Under operating conditions which are unfavourable for lubrication, such as high load and low velocity, the use of textured surfaces significantly promotes the formation of a thick lubricant film and an improvement of the friction coefficient. This paper relates to the manufacture of textures using a photolithography and chemical etching process. Different surface geometries, texturing densities and depths were designed to analyse the influence of these parameters. The friction coefficient was measured in a ball‐on‐disc tribometer under different lubrication regimes, and the results have been used to develop an artificial neural network with texturing optimisation potential. © 2016 The Authors Lubrication Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Reduced LPL and subcutaneous lipid storage capacity are associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women with obesity
Authors: Serra M. C. , Ryan A. S. , Goldberg A. P.
Published: November 2016

Sumary

Objectives

This study examines the hypothesis that lower adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and a limited capacity for subcutaneous adipocyte expansion will be associated with metabolic syndrome (MSyn) in postmenopausal women who are overweight and obese.

Methods

Women (N = 150; age 60 ± 1 year; BMI: 31.5 ± 0.3 kg m−2; mean ± standard errors of the means [SEM]) with and without MSyn had dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans for total body fat, CT scans for visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue areas, lipid and glucose metabolic profiles, and abdominal and gluteal fat aspirations for subcutaneous fat cell weight (FCW; N = 150) and LPL activity (N = 100).

Results

Women with MSyn had similar total body fat, but 15% larger abdominal and 11% larger gluteal FCWs and more visceral fat (179 ± 7 vs. 134 ± 6 cm2) than women without MSyn (P's < 0.05). Abdominal LPL activity was 13% (P = 0.18) lower in women with than without MSyn and correlated with abdominal FCW (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) only in those without MSyn. Visceral fat and abdominal and gluteal FCWs correlated with MSyn components, and subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated with abdominal FCW (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and LPL activity (r = 0.18, P < 0.05), independent of total body fat.

Conclusions

These results show that women with MSyn have lower LPL activity, limited capacity for subcutaneous adipocyte lipid storage and greater ectopic fat accumulation in viscera than women without MSyn of comparable obesity. This suggests that the development of novel therapies that would enhance adipocyte expandability might prevent the accumulation of ectopic fat and reduce the risk for MSyn in postmenopausal women with obesity.
PUBLICATION OUTLETS FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY FACULTY: 2010 to 2015
Authors: Hulac David , Johnson Natalie D. , Ushijima Shiho C. , Schneider Maryia M.
Published: November 2016

Many school psychology faculty are required to publish for purposes of retention and promotion. It is useful to have an understanding of the different outlets for scholarly publications. In the present study, we investigated the peer‐reviewed journals in which school psychology faculty were published between 2010 and 2015, the number of articles in each journal, and the acceptance rates and impact estimates for each journal. We identified school psychology faculty using the National Association of School Psychologists website and conducted a search of the publications using EBSCO databases. Results indicated that there were a total of 3,675 articles and a total of 832 peer‐reviewed journals in which school psychology faculty were published during the 6‐year span. Among the peer‐reviewed journals, Psychology in the Schools, School Psychology Quarterly, School Psychology Review, and Journal of School Psychology were the journals in which school psychology faculty members most frequently published. Acceptance rates ranged from less than 5% to 98%, with an average of 29.7%. H‐indexes ranged from 1 to 890, with an average of 52. These results illustrate the variety of journals that publish works from school psychology faculty and the need for school psychology faculty and other authors to consider a variety of options when seeking publication.
Label‐free quantitative comparison of cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins and endogenous peptides in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy individuals
Authors: Wang Jingxin , Cunningham Robert , Zetterberg Henrik , Asthana Sanjay , Carlsson Cynthia , Okonkwo Ozioma , Li Lingjun
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The goal of this study is to investigate putative molecular dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) collected from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as compared to healthy controls.

Experimental design

The CSF samples from 12 subjects comprised of four cognitively normal individuals and eight patients with MCI and AD, respectively. Two aliquots of each CSF samples (total 1 mL) of each participant are used for this study. Endogenous peptide separations are performed using 10 000 molecular weight cut‐off filters followed by LC‐MS/MS identification and quantitation while lectin‐enrichment chromatography is used to enrich glycoproteins in CSF followed by trypsin digestion and subsequent LC‐MS/MS for shotgun identification and label‐free quantitation.

Results

Using an optimized submicrogram peptide separation with molecular weight cut‐off filtration and an in house‐constructed database, 645 peptides are identified. Glycoproteins are enriched by lectin affinity chromatography, resulting in 795 identified proteins. The discovery and alterations of proSAAS‐derived peptides and transthyretin are described and their roles in AD are discussed.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Comprehensive identification of endogenous CSF peptidome is achieved. Fifteen proteins are found to be differentially expressed among the three groups. The dynamic changes of transthyretin are reported for the first time.
Opening of Perforated Folding Cartons: From the Field to Testing
Authors: Wang Di , Ge Changfeng
Published: November 2016

This study demonstrates how a human‐hand opening process for a perforated folding carton can be mapped into a path for testing. A field observation was conducted to visually record opening patterns by an observation group. The most representative opening pattern was then repeated by another observation group in the laboratory, and the resulting opening pattern and movements were captured and mapped mathematically via Matlab. The opening speeds were calculated based on opening path that is used to compare the testing machine. A fixture attempting to mirror the opening path was developed for perforated folding cartons to be tested by using tensile testing machine. The study suggested that the process, involving the identifying opening pattern, guided test and fixture equipped testing, can be applied to replication of human‐packaging interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glucose‐induced and fructose‐induced deboronation reaction of 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid assembled on silver investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Ly Nguyễn Hoàng , Lam Anh Thu Ngoc , Dinh Bao Nguyen , Kwark Young‐Je , Joo Sang Woo
Published: November 2016

We examined the deboronation reaction of 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4MPBA) via fructose and glucose on silver surfaces by means of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at the excitation wavelengths of 488, 514, and 633 nm. The SERS spectra on silver nanoparticles clearly exhibited specific spectral signatures of thiophenol (TP) peaks, indicating a deboronation reaction of 4MPBA on the surfaces, whereas no strong TP peaks were observed on gold nanoparticles. The vibrational bands at 417, 999, 1021, and 1574 cm−1 in the Ag SERS spectra could correspond to the in‐plane aromatic ring modes in TP. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy also supported the surface reaction on Ag by referring the B1s peaks at ~193 eV. The ratiometric Raman measurements of the band at 1574 cm−1, with respect to that at 1587 cm−1, revealed fructose and glucose quantification in the concentration range of 1–10 mm. We did not identify such changes for mannose, sucrose, and sialic acid. The SERS peaks of 4MPBA on roughened Ag plates also exhibited TP bands to show the time‐dependent spectral change. Our findings indicate that the deboronation of 4MPBA and conjugation with fructose and glucose may be facilitated efficiently on silver surfaces for their quantification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mindfulness as a personal resource to reduce work stress in the job demands‐resources model
Authors: Grover Steven L. , Teo Stephen T.T. , Pick David , Roche Maree
Published: November 2016

Based on the job demands‐resources (JD‐R) model, this study examines the different ways that the personal resource of mindfulness reduces stress. Structural equation modeling based on data from 415 Australian nurses shows that mindfulness relates directly and negatively to work stress and perceptions of emotional demands as well as buffering the relation of emotional demands on psychological stress. This study contributes to the literature by employing empirical analysis to the task of unravelling how personal resources function within the JD‐R model. It also introduces mindfulness as a personal resource in the JD‐R model.
A dense cluster of D1+ cells in the mouse nucleus accumbens
Authors: Petryszyn Sarah , Sánchez Maria Gabriela , Gagnon Dave , Beaulieu Jean‐Martin , Parent André , Parent Martin
Published: November 2016

The striatum is known to be largely composed of intermingled medium‐sized projection neurons expressing either the D1 or the D2 dopamine receptors. In the present study, we took advantage of the double BAC Drd1a‐TdTomato/Drd2‐GFP (D1/D2) transgenic mice to reveal the presence of a peculiar cluster of densely‐packed D1+ cells located in the shell compartment of the nucleus accumbens. This spherical cluster has a diameter of 110 µm and is exclusively composed by D1+ cells, which are all immunoreactive for the neuronal nuclear marker (NeuN). However, in contrast to other D1+ or D2+ striatal cells, those that form the accumbens cluster are devoid of calbindin (CB) and DARPP‐32, two faithful markers for striatal projection neurons. Using GAD‐GFP transgenic mice, we confirm the GABAergic nature of the D1+ clustered neurons. Intracellular injections from fixed brain slices indicate that these neurons are endowed with distinctive morphological features, including a small (5–6 µm), round cell body giving rise to a single primary dendrite that branches into two secondary processes. Single‐neuronal injections combined to electron microscopy reveal the existence of GAP junctions linking these D1+ cells. Based on their location, morphological characteristics and neurochemical phenotype, we conclude that the D1+ accumbens cluster form a highly compact group of small neurons distinct from the larger and more diffusely distributed D1+ or D2+ striatal projection neurons that surround it. This remarkable nucleus might play a crucial role in the limbic function of the murine striatum.
Critical Domains of Culturally Relevant Leadership Learning: A Call to Transform Leadership Programs
Authors: Jones Tamara Bertrand , Guthrie Kathy L. , Osteen Laura
Published: November 2016

This chapter introduces the critical domains of culturally relevant leadership learning. The model explores how capacity, identity, and efficacy of student leaders interact with dimensions of campus climate.
Species‐specific use of allochthonous resources by ground beetles (Carabidae) at a river–land interface
Authors: Terui Akira , Akasaka Takumi , Negishi Junjiro N. , Uemura Fumihiko , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: November 2016

A variety of organisms mediate river–terrestrial linkages through spatial subsidies. However, most empirical studies have classified organisms rather broadly (e.g., by functional group or taxonomic family) and have dismissed species‐level linkages at the interface of ecosystems. Here, we show how allochthonous resource use varies among taxonomically similar species of ground beetles (family Carabidae) across seasons (June–September). We investigated seasonal shifts in the distribution of five beetle species and their dietary responses to spatial subsidies (emerging aquatic insects) in a Japanese braided river. Despite their taxonomic closeness, the ground beetles showed species‐specific responses to spatial subsidies, and beetle distribution patterns tended to coincide with their diets. Overall, 1–56% of ground beetle diets were derived from aquatic prey. One genus (Bembidion spp.) mainly consumed aquatic prey, while three species fed primarily on terrestrial prey across all seasons. However, one species (Lithochlaenius noguchii) showed shifts in its diet from aquatic to terrestrial prey according to subsidy availability. The observed variation in allochthonous resource use was likely related to species‐specific foraging modes, physiological tolerance to dry conditions, and interspecific competition. Our findings suggest that considering species‐specific interactions is necessary to fully understand cross‐system interactions and recipient food‐web dynamics.
Lessons From New York State’s Preparedness Efforts for Ebola
Authors: Zucker Howard A. , Whalen Dennis , Raske Kenneth E.
Published: November 2016

Preparing an entire health care system for an outbreak of a deadly infectious disease is an intensive, time-consuming process that requires collaboration and cooperation at all levels. New York achieved this goal when it became apparent that the Ebola outbreak in West Africa had the potential to spread beyond the 3 most heavily impacted countries. We discuss New York’s work with health care associations to prepare the multiple tiers of the state’s health care system to successfully transport, identify, diagnose, and treat the disease, while also handling clinical, consequence, and communications management of the outbreak. The massive statewide efforts laid the groundwork for managing future outbreaks and emergencies and provide a model for other states to follow. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:383–388).
HOW TO INSULT AND COMPLIMENT A TESTIFIER
Authors: Malcolm Finlay
Published: November 2016

Do we insult or slight a speaker when we reject her testimony? Do we compliment or commend her when we accept her testimony? This paper argues that the answer to both of these questions is “yes”, but only in some instances, since these respective insults and compliments track the reasons a hearer has for rejecting or accepting testimony. When disbelieving a speaker, a hearer may insult her because she judges the speaker to be either incompetent as a knower or insincere as a teller. By outlining the predominant reasons we have for rejecting testimony, I show how not every instance of rejecting testimony embodies this negative evaluation of the speaker. By contrast, testimonial compliments are fewer in number, and are not constitutive of “everyday” testimonial exchanges, since speakers who are competent as knowers and sincere as tellers are merely behaving correctly in accordance with the norms of testifying. Nevertheless, deferring to an authority on belief can be complimentary to that speaker if by doing so we judge her to have some mastery in a particular domain. This suggests an asymmetry between rejecting and accepting testimony. Testimonial insults and compliments also have important moral applications, particularly regarding epistemic injustice and therapeutic trust.
Radiocarbon Analysis on the New AARAMS 1MV Tandetron
Authors: Olsen Jesper , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Grosen Claus , Heinemeier Jan , Klein Matthias
Published: November 2016

We report here on the radiocarbon performance on the AARAMS HVE 1MV Tandetron. 14C analysis is carried out in charge state 2+. We have avoided Li interference by appropriate settings of the high-energy electrostatic analyzer and the 30° second high-energy magnet. The 14C machine background is determined using unprocessed graphite, which yielded 58,650±2032 14C yr determined as the average and standard deviation of four measurements. International standards, which are used to monitor the long-term performance of the 14C measurements, agree with the reported consensus values.
Fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) SNP are positively associated with obesity and blood pressure in Mexican school-aged children
Authors: García-Solís Pablo , Reyes-Bastidas Marissa , Flores Karla , García Olga P. , Rosado Jorge L. , Méndez-Villa Lorena , Garcia-G Carlota , García-Gutiérrez David , Kuri-García Aarón , Hernández-Montiel Hebert L. , Soriano-Leon Ofelia , Villagrán-Herrera Maria Elena , Solis-Sainz Juan C.
Published: November 2016

Childhood overweight and obesity are worldwide public health problems and risk factors for chronic diseases. The presence of SNP in several genes has been associated with the presence of obesity. A total of 580 children (8–13 years old) from Queretaro, Mexico, participated in this cross-sectional study, which evaluated the associations of rs9939609 (fat mass obesity-associated (FTO)), rs17782313 (melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)) and rs6548238 (transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18)) SNP with obesity and metabolic risk factors. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 19·8 and 19·1 %, respectively. FTO, MC4R and TMEM18 risk allele frequency was 17, 9·8 and 89·5 %, respectively. A significant association between FTO homozygous and MC4R heterozygous risk alleles and obesity was found (OR 3·9; 95 % CI 1·46, 10·22, and OR 2·1; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·71; respectively). The FTO heterozygous subjects showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, compared with the homozygous for the ancestral allele subjects. These results remain significant after considering adiposity as a covariate. The FTO and MC4R genotypes were not significantly associated with total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentration. No association was found between TMEM18 risk allele and obesity and/or metabolic alterations. Our results show that, in addition to a higher BMI, there is also an association of the risk genotype with blood pressure in the presence of the FTO risk genotype. The possible presence of a risk genotype in obese children must be considered to offer a more comprehensive therapeutic approach in order to delay and/or prevent the development of chronic diseases.