bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflik Nelayan Di Jawa Timur : Studi Kasus Perubahan Struktur Agraria dan Diferensiasi Kesejahteraan Komunitas Pekebun di Lebak, Banten
Authors: Annisa Luluk , Satria Arif , A Kinseng Rilus
Published: January 2017

Pada dasarnya, prinsip pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan di Indonesia telah diatur jelas pada Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pasal 33 (dikenal dengan sistem pengelolaan bersifat state property), sehingga sumberdaya perikanan di Indonesia bersifat quasi open access, dimana sumberdaya tidak sepenuhnya dapat diakses karena adanya peraturan yang mengatur. Namun, seringkali aturan dibuat tidak dengan cara partisipatif dan merupakan hasil pertimbangan dari pemerintah pusat tanpa memperhatikan aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Akibatnya kebijakan-kebijakan yang dikeluarkan justru menimbulkan masalah-masalah baru karena masing-masing pihak memiliki kepentingan, keinginan dan prioritas yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan kepentingan, keinginan dan prioritas yang ada merupakan sumber pemicu munculnya konflik . Konflik merupakan fenomena yang telah ada sejak dahulu, bahkan sebelum era otonomi daerah, khususnya konflik kenelayanan. Keleluasaan mengeksploitasi sumberdaya perikanan merupakan konsekuensi ciri kepemilikan yang bersifat open acces, maka tidak jarang pemanfaatannya menimbulkan masalah akibat perbedaan kepentingan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dibutuhkan pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan yang dapat meredam dan mencegah konflik sebagai upaya pengelolaan konflik. Salah satu daerah yang mengalami konflik, yaitu di Kecamatan Lekok, Pasuruan, provinsi Jawa Timur. Lekok merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang terdapat di Pasuruan dengan jumlah nelayan terbanyak di Pasuruan. Karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan topik pengelolaan konflik, khususnya di daerah Pasuruan
Propuesta de exigencias en la evaluación de desempeño de mezclas asfálticas con equipo Nottingham Asphalt Mix Tester
Authors: Vila Romaní Rolando , García Caputi Gustavo Patricio
Published: January 2017

Internacionalmente existe una marcada tendencia al empleo de diferentes pruebas de desempeño para mejorar los controles de calidad a las mezclas asfálticas. Si bien, en el Ecuador, desde el año 2000, las especificaciones constructivas establecen el empleo de algunas para tráfico pesado, en la práctica, esta consideración no fue respetada debido al escaso y costoso equipamiento necesario en el país y a la falta de unas exigencias claras de calidad con dichas pruebas. En este trabajo se proponen exigencias que deben cumplir las mezclas asfálticas cuando se le realizan pruebas de desempeño con el equipo Nottingham Asphalt Mix Tester (NAT). Esta propuesta se plantea y fundamenta a través de una investigación desarrollada en el Laboratorio de Carreteras (Suelos y Asfaltos) de la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, que comprendió el estudio experimental de mezclas producidas en 15 plantas y 9 pavimentos flexibles, correspondientes a las diferentes regiones del Ecuador. La propuesta incluye rangos para la evaluación de los módulos de rigidez y de las deformaciones plásticas; así como un procedimiento para el análisis y calificación de la fatiga en el control de calidad de las mezclas asfálticas.
Determinación de la elasticidad de la demanda alimentaria en Ecuador en el periodo 2013
Authors: Henríquez Henríquez Carlos , Freire Quintero César , Moran Peña Judith
Published: January 2017

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la elasticidad de la demanda de productos alimenticios como el arroz blanco, la cebolla, el aceite vegetal, la sal y azúcar, productos de consumo frecuente en la mayoría de hogares. Dicho análisis se lo realizó mediante la aplicación de regresiones logarítmicas para poder determinar un coeficiente que detalle la variación porcentual de consumo en función de la variación porcentual del precio, la misma que permitió evidenciar un comportamiento inelástico, es decir, a medida que aumenta porcentualmente el precio, el consumo se reduce en menor cuantía porcentual.
Incidencia del impuesto a Solca en los préstamos de consumo, periodo noviembre, diciembre de 2014 y enero de 2015
Authors: Pelchor Zambrano María Fernanda , Calderón Salazar Jorge Enrique , Mayorga Quinteros Elsa Genoveva
Published: January 2017

El estado ecuatoriano el 27 de octubre del 2014 puso en vigencia un impuesto sobre los préstamos de consumo con la finalidad de financiar tanto en investigaciones como en tratamiento a los enfermos de cáncer que se atiendan en la Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer SOLCA. Esta modalidad se extiende al uso de las tarjetas de crédito, es decir que por cada monto que se contrate el usuario debe pagar el 0.5% sobre dicho rubro; la incertidumbre se presenta en determinar si dicho aumento en el pago puede reprimir el uso de esta herramienta financiera, por el costo adicional que absorbe directamente el usuario. En esta investigación a través del uso de la elasticidad de la demanda se demostrará si la aplicación del impuesto afecta los préstamos de consumo.
El profesorado de Ciencias Físicas frente al uso de aplicaciones de videojuegos comerciales para potenciar El aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de Educación Básica Superior
Authors: Vásquez Barros Mariela Fátima
Published: January 2017

La metodología lúdica para provocar el aprendizaje significativo en el aula  no son un tema nuevo, el juego ha tomado una nueva dimensión, se incorpora en el mundo digital para apoyar la labor educativa y alcanzar ese aprendizaje que muchas veces no se pueden lograr mediante los recursos tradicionales. Esta investigación cualitativa indaga principalmente sobre las actitudes que los maestros tiene con respecto a la incorporación de un videojuego en el aula de clases para potenciar el aprendizaje de una asignatura que puede percibirse difícil por el estudiantado; tal es el caso de las Ciencias Físicas.  El tipo de videojuego que se analiza aquí es del tipo puzzle para aplicaciones que son descargadas en los celulares o en las tablets con fines de diversión.  La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas a profesores de Física en distintos contextos sociales y económicos.  Este trabajo es una mirada crítica a las percepciones y comportamientos que a simple vista no se observan, pero que los maestros pueden tener y que de alguna manera impiden el cambio hacia una nueva forma de enseñanza.
Intención de emprendimiento en los estudiantes: Un estudio en la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil
Authors: Arévalo Avecillas Danny , Padilla Lozano Carmen , Wong Laborde Nancy
Published: January 2017

A partir de datos tomados en el segundo semestre del año 2014 se comparan las actitudes personales, sociales y de entorno hacia el emprendimiento en la facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas (CEA).  Se realiza una investigación no experimental, con horizonte de tiempo transversal descriptivo. Se tomó como base el modelo de intención de emprendimiento de Liñán, Urbano & Guerrero (2011). Para el análisis estadístico se tomaron como base los datos de cinco carreras, donde la muestra ponderada fue de 328 estudiantes. Pese a que todas carreras tienen una predisposición por encima de la media, los estudiantes de Administración presentan mejores resultados y, a la vez, su carrera presenta mayor cantidad de inscritos con un 32% de la muestra. También se muestra cómo la universidad puede influir de forma determinante en la intención de emprendimiento. El estudio proporciona información valiosa para líderes de la administración privada, docentes, estudiantes y empresarios.
¿Cómo justifica David Ricardo su propuesta de libre comercio?
Authors: Paredes Reyes Gonzalo Jonás
Published: January 2017

El objetivo es encontrar cuáles son los supuestos teóricos de la economía clásica, desde la perspectiva de David Ricardo, que permitan explicar la propuesta de libre comercio como vía para acrecentar de forma acelerada la riqueza de las naciones. Para llevar a cabo este análisis se pasa a revisión “Principles of PoliticalEconomy and Taxation”, su más importante obra, buscando las principales afirmaciones para explicar cada supuesto de su modelo y articular las ideas que permitan exponer cómo Ricardo llega a su más notable recomendación a la economía mundial: la división internacional del trabajo. Se concluye que la confrontación entre productores y terratenientes se solucionaría con la merma de este último -a través de la eliminación de las barreras arancelarias-, que tiene un riesgo bajo al que asume el primero en la actividad económica. La eliminación de trabas al libre comercio llevaría a una expansión más acelerada de una economía.
Next-generation Proteomics from an Industrial Perspective
Authors: Rinner Oliver
Published: January 2017

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. The field began with protein purification and analysis by various techniques but today is largely understood to be mass spectrometry-based highly multiplexed protein quantification. This article focusses on protein expression profiling,
i.e. how much of each protein is in my sample or how much does the level of each protein change upon a change in the environment?
CLiC Dickens: novel uses of concordances for the integration of corpus stylistics and cognitive poetics
Authors: Mahlberg Michaela , Stockwell Peter , Joode Johan de , Smith Catherine , O'Donnell Matthew Brook
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces the web application CLiC, which we developed as part of a research project bringing together insights from both cognitive poetics and corpus stylistics, with Dickens's novels as a case study. CLiC supports the analysis of discourse in narrative fiction with search options that make it possible to focus on stretches of text within and outside quotation marks. We argue that such search options open up novel ways of using concordances to link lexico-grammatical and textual patterns. We focus specifically on patterns for the creation of fictional characters. From a technical point of view, we explain the XML annotation that CLiC works with. Our discussion of textual examples focusses on phrases in fictional speech that illustrate significant differences between text within and outside quotation marks. In terms of theory, we argue that CLiC supports the identification of textual patterns that can provide insights into fictional minds and contribute to the exploration of readerly effects within the wider framework of mind-modelling.
Optimal Control to Increase Energy Production of Wind Farm Considering Wake Effect and Lifetime Estimation
Authors: Tian Jie , Zhou Dao , Su Chi , Blaabjerg Frede , Chen Zhe
Published: January 2017

In a wind farm, the upstream wind turbine may cause power loss to the downstream wind turbines due to the wake effect. Meanwhile, the energy production is determined by the power generation and the lifetime of the wind turbine. In this paper, an optimal active power control method is proposed to maximize the energy production of wind farms by considering the wake effect and the lifetime of wind turbine. It starts with the analysis of the pitch angle curve and active power curve seen from the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of individual wind turbines. Taking the wake effect into account, the pitch angle curve and active power curve are optimized with the aim of Maximum Power Generation (MPG) of the wind farm. Afterwards, considering the lifetime of wind turbines, a comparison is offered between the MPPT method and the MPG method for energy production using a simplified two-turbine wind farm as an example. Due to the small range of the effective wake area, it is found that the energy production is almost the same. Finally, the pitch angle curve and active power curve are optimized according to the Maximum Energy Production (MEP) of a wind farm. Upon considering and contrasting the MPPT method and the MEP method, it can be seen that the energy production of wind farms can be increased even in the case of there not being an effective wake area.
Development of a Robotic Arm Based Hydrogel Additive Manufacturing System for In-Situ Printing
Authors: Li Xiao , Lian Qin , Li Dichen , Xin Hua , Jia Shuhai
Published: January 2017

In-situ printing is a promising injury repair technique that can be directly applied during surgical operations. This paper features a potential in-situ printing platform based on a small-scale robotic arm with a micro-sized dispenser valve. A double-light-source curing method was applied to print poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with a 20% (weight/volume) ratio and the entire process was controlled automatically by a computer interface where droplet diameter, curing time, mechanical properties were measured and essential printing parameters (e.g., nozzle velocity, nozzle frequency) were determined. Three different two-dimensional (2D) plane models (namely, square, circular, and heart-shaped) were printed during initial printing trials. The feasibility study of in-situ printing on curved surfaces was tested using a three-dimensional (3D) printed defect model. The defect was successfully filled using both parallel and ring printing paths. In conclusion, the robotic arm printing platform and its forming method can achieve a rapid curing of PEGDA hydrogel on a curved surface and has the potential to be applied to in-situ printing.
When Legitimacy Shapes Environmentally Responsible Behaviors: Considering Exposure to University Sustainability Initiatives
Authors: Watson Lesley , Hegtvedt Karen , Johnson Cathryn , Parris Christie , Subramanyam Shruthi
Published: January 2017

This study examines how perceptions of the legitimacy of university sustainability efforts—support by the administration (authorization) or from students’ peers (endorsement)—as well as the physical context in which students live, matter in shaping students’ environmentally responsible behaviors (ERBs). Using survey data collected from fourth-year students at a university in the Southeastern US, we employ Seeming Unrelated Regression to analyze the impact of perceived legitimacy and context on recycling and conservation behaviors, controlling for demographic characteristics, pro-environmental attitudes, and environmental identity. Our findings indicate that students’ perceptions of what university administrators support affect the likelihood of students to enact recycling and conservation behaviors, and peer support influences conservation behaviors. This research contributes to the literature on legitimacy by examining how legitimacy processes work in natural, rather than experimental, settings.
Evaluation of the Availability and Antioxidant Capacity of Maillard Compounds Present in Bread Crust: Studies in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: De la Cueva Silvia , Seiquer Isabel , Mesías Marta , Rufián-Henares José , Delgado-Andrade Cristina
Published: January 2017

Bread crust is one of the major contributors to the intake of Maillard reaction products (MRP). MRP improve the organoleptic properties of foods and can provide biological actions such as antioxidant properties. The transport and availability of Amadori compounds (measured as furosine) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)—early and intermediary MRP—from enzymatically digested bread crust (BC) and from its soluble low-molecular weight (LMW) and high-molecular weight (HMW) fractions were investigated in the Caco-2 cell line. The absorption of the early and final MRP pool was tested by measuring the absorbance recovery (280 and 420 nm). The ability of soluble BC or its fractions to lessen the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined. Amadori compounds (furosine) were transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers from the soluble BC in percentages ranging between 40% and 56%; the lower amount of the compound supplied, the higher transport rate. However, HMF transport rate (35%) was unaffected by the initial amount of the compound. Amadori compounds and HMF contained in the LMW fraction were more efficiently transported than those present in the HMW fraction, suggesting improved absorption when supplied as free forms or linked to LMW compounds. Absorbance recovery at 280 nm was higher from the LMW fraction, whereas higher recovery was detected for the HMW fraction at 420 nm. The digested BC—but not its isolated fractions—was able to significantly reduce ROS production at basal conditions and after subjecting cells to an oxidant. A clear positive action of BC on the antioxidant defence is manifested, seemingly attributable to the combined presence of soluble LMW and HMW products.
Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 22-1 (KAP22-1) Gene and Its Effect on Wool Traits
Authors: Li Shaobin , Zhou Huitong , Gong Hua , Zhao Fangfang , Wang Jiqing , Liu Xiu , Luo Yuzhu , Hickford Jon
Published: January 2017

Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool and hair fibers. To date, eight high glycine/tyrosine KAP (HGT-KAP) families have been identified in humans, but only three have been identified in sheep. In this study, the putative ovine homolog of the human KAP22-1 gene (KRTAP22-1) was amplified using primers designed based on a human KRTAP22-1 sequence. Polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to screen for variation in KRTAP22-1 in 390 Merino × Southdown-cross lambs and 75 New Zealand (NZ) Romney sheep. Three PCR-SSCP banding patterns were detected and DNA sequencing revealed that the banding patterns represented three different nucleotide sequences (A–C). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in these sequences. Variant B was most common with a frequency of 81.3% in NZ Romney sheep, while in the Merino × Southdown-cross lambs, A was more common with a frequency of 51.8%. The presence of B was found to be associated with increased wool yield and decreased mean fiber curvature (MFC). Sheep of genotype BB or AB had a higher wool yield than those of genotype AA. These results suggest that ovine KRTAP22-1 variation may be useful when developing breeding programs based on increasing wool yield, or decreasing wool curvature.
Impact of Menthol Smoking on Nicotine Dependence for Diverse Racial/Ethnic Groups of Daily Smokers
Authors: Soulakova Julia , Danczak Ryan
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate whether menthol smoking and race/ethnicity are associated with nicotine dependence in daily smokers. Methods: The study used two subsamples of U.S. daily smokers who responded to the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. The larger subsample consisted of 18,849 non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic (HISP) smokers. The smaller subsample consisted of 1112 non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), non-Hispanic Asian (ASIAN), non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (HPI), and non-Hispanic Multiracial (MULT) smokers. Results: For larger (smaller) groups the rates were 45% (33%) for heavy smoking (16+ cig/day), 59% (51%) for smoking within 30 min of awakening (Sw30), and 14% (14%) for night-smoking. Overall, the highest prevalence of menthol smoking corresponded to NHB and HPI (≥65%), followed by MULT and HISP (31%–37%), and then by AIAN, NHW, and ASIAN (22%–27%) smokers. For larger racial/ethnic groups, menthol smoking was negatively associated with heavy smoking, not associated with Sw30, and positively associated with night-smoking. For smaller groups, menthol smoking was not associated with any measure, but the rates of heavy smoking, Sw30, and night-smoking varied across the groups. Conclusions: The diverse associations between menthol smoking and nicotine dependence maybe due to distinction among the nicotine dependence measures, i.e., individually, each measure assesses a specific smoking behavior. Menthol smoking may be associated with promoting smoking behaviors.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Potential Evaporation across North American Forests
Authors: Hember Robbie , Coops Nicholas , Spittlehouse David
Published: January 2017

Given the widespread ecological implications that would accompany any significant change in evaporative demand of the atmosphere, this study investigated spatial and temporal variation in several accepted expressions of potential evaporation (PE). The study focussed on forest regions of North America, with 1 km-resolution spatial coverage and a monthly time step, from 1951–2014. We considered Penman’s model (EPen), the Priestley–Taylor model (EPT), ‘reference’ rates based on the Penman–Monteith model for grasslands (ERG), and reference rates for forests that are moderately coupled (ERFu) and well coupled (ERFc) to the atmosphere. To give context to the models, we also considered a statistical fit (EPanFit) to measurements of pan evaporation (EPan). We documented how each model compared with EPan, differences in attribution of variance in PE to specific driving factors, mean spatial patterns, and time trends from 1951–2014. The models did not agree strongly on the sensitivity to underlying drivers, zonal variation of PE, or on the magnitude of trends from 1951–2014. Sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit (Da) differed among models, being absent from EPT and strongest in ERFc. Time trends in reference rates derived from the Penman–Monteith equation were highly sensitive to how aerodynamic conductance was set. To the extent that EPanFit accurately reflects the sensitivity of PE to Da over land surfaces, future trends in PE based on the Priestley–Taylor model may underestimate increasing evaporative demand, while reference rates for forests, that assume strong canopy-atmosphere coupling in the Penman–Monteith model, may overestimate increasing evaporative demand. The resulting historical database, covering the spectrum of different models of PE applied in modern studies, can serve to further investigate biosphere-hydroclimate relationships across North America.
Quantifying the Financial Impact of Climate Change on Australian Local Government Roads
Authors: Balston Jacqueline , Li Steven , Iankov Ivan , Kellett Jon , Wells Geoff
Published: January 2017

Australia’s 560 Councils are responsible for assets worth approximately $270 billion, many of which have a life span >50 years and so will be affected by climate change. Maintenance and replacement of Council infrastructure is guided by principles, models and tools in the International Infrastructure Management Manual that currently do not allow for climate change impacts or the likely flow-on effects to asset and financial management. This paper describes a financial simulation model developed to calculate the financial impacts of climate change on three major asset classes of importance to Australian Councils: hotmix sealed, spray sealed and unsealed roads. The research goes beyond previous studies of climate change impacts on roads in that it provides a location specific toolkit that is designed to assist councils in their asset management and planned maintenance programmes. Two categories of inputs are required for the model: climate inputs, relating specifically to baseline temperature and rainfall distributions and climate change parameters for temperature and rainfall; and engineering inputs, relating specifically to the three road types and the key parameters of their performance and useful lives over the scenario period. The baseline distributions are then shifted mathematically within the model by the mean change as projected by a selected Global Climate Model (GCM) scenario. Outputs of the model are the historical baseline climate variable distributions and the climate change (CC) impacts on road performance are in the form of changes to the useful life of the asset and associated changes in asset resurfacing and rehabilitation costs. Ten case study local councils in southern Australia are examined. Using IPCC AR4 scenarios, the results suggest that the incremental impact of climate change on all three types of road infrastructure modelled will be generally low. There are small cost reductions over the period for all road types as a result of the expected drying and warming trends in the climate.
Wolbachia Affects Reproduction and Population Dynamics of the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei): Implications for Biological Control
Authors: Mariño Yobana , Verle Rodrigues José , Bayman Paul
Published: January 2017

Wolbachia are widely distributed endosymbiotic bacteria that influence the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. In recent years the manipulation of Wolbachia infection has been considered as a potential tool for biological control. The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, is the most devastating coffee pest worldwide. Wolbachia infection in the CBB has been reported, but until now the role of Wolbachia in CBB reproduction and fitness has not been tested. To address this issue we reared the CBB in artificial diets with and without tetracycline (0.1% w/v) for ten generations. Tetracycline reduced significantly the relative proportion of Wolbachia in the CBB microbiota from 0.49% to 0.04%. This reduction affected CBB reproduction: females fed with tetracycline had significantly fewer progeny, lower fecundity, and fewer eggs per female. Tetracycline also reduced the population growth rate (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) in CBB; the reduction in population growth was mostly due to variation in fertility, according to life time response experiments (LTREs) analysis. Our results suggest that Wolbachia contribute to the reproductive success of the CBB and their manipulation represents a possible approach to CBB biocontrol mediated by microbiome management.
The Effect of Diffusion Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy and Aluminum Couples
Authors: Akca Enes , Gursel Ali
Published: January 2017

Ti-6Al-4V alloy and commercially pure aluminum, which are commonly used in aerospace, medical, and automotive industries, are bonded by diffusion welding. Different welding parameters (560, 600, and 640 °C—0, 45, and 60 min—under argon shielding) are used in this process to make the materials more applicable in the industry. Here, the effects of parameters on the strength of joints were studied. The bonded samples were subjected to microhardness and tensile tests in order to determine their interfacial strength. The hardness values were found to decrease with increasing distance from the interface on the titanium side while it remained constant on the aluminum side. Maximum tensile strength was taken from the maximum bonding temperatures of 600 and 640 °C. A morphology examination of the diffusion interfaces was carried out with scanning electron microscopy.
Radix isatidis Polysaccharides Inhibit Influenza a Virus and Influenza A Virus-Induced Inflammation via Suppression of Host TLR3 Signaling In Vitro
Authors: Li Zhengtu , Li Li , Zhou Hongxia , Zeng Lijuan , Chen Tingting , Chen Qiaolian , Zhou Beixian , Wang Yutao , Chen Qiaoyan , Hu Ping , Yang Zifeng
Published: January 2017

Influenza remains one of the major epidemic diseases worldwide, and rapid virus replication and collateral lung tissue damage caused by excessive pro-inflammatory host immune cell responses lead to high mortality rates. Thus, novel therapeutic agents that control influenza A virus (IAV) propagation and attenuate excessive pro-inflammatory responses are needed. Polysaccharide extract from Radix isatidis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, exerted potent anti-IAV activity against human seasonal influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and avian influenza viruses (H6N2 and H9N2) in vitro. The polysaccharides also significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (IP-10, MIG, and CCL-5) stimulated by A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) at a range of doses (7.5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, and 30 mg/mL); however, they were only effective against progeny virus at a high dose. Similar activity was detected against inflammation induced by avian influenza virus H9N2. The polysaccharides strongly inhibited the protein expression of TLR-3 induced by PR8, suggesting that they impair the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors induced by IAV by inhibiting activation of the TLR-3 signaling pathway. The polysaccharide extract from Radix isatidis root therefore has the potential to be used as an adjunct to antiviral therapy for the treatment of IAV infection.
ON BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR Φ-LAPLACIAN ON THE SEMI-INFINITE INTERVAL
Authors: Lepin Arnold , Lepin Leonid , Vasilyev Nickolay
Published: January 2017

The Dirichlet problem and the problem with functional boundary condition for ϕ-Laplacian on the semi-infinite interval are studied as well as solutions between the lower and upper functions.
SWIFT OBSERVATIONS OF TWO OUTBURSTS FROM THE MAGNETAR 4U 0142+61
Authors: Archibald R. F. , Kaspi V. M. , Scholz P. , Beardmore A. P. , Gehrels N. , Kennea J. A.
Published: January 2017

4U 0142+61 is one of a small class of persistently bright magnetars. Here, we report on a monitoring campaign of 4U 0142+61 from 2011 July 26 to 2016 June 12 using the Swift X-ray Telescope, continuing a 16-year timing campaign with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We show that 4U 0142+61 had two radiatively loud timing events, on 2011 July 29 and 2015 February 28, both with short soft γ-ray bursts, and a long-lived flux decay associated with each case. We show that the 2015 timing event resulted in a net spin-down of the pulsar that is due to overrecovery of a glitch. We compare this timing event to previous such events in other pulsars with high magnetic fields and discuss net spin-down glitches now seen in several young, high-B pulsars.
THE ZEEMAN EFFECT IN THE 44 GHZ CLASS I METHANOL MASER LINE TOWARD DR21(OH)
Authors: Momjian E. , Sarma A. P.
Published: January 2017

We report detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line, toward the star-forming region DR21(OH). In a 219 Jy beam−1 maser centered at an LSR velocity of 0.83 km s−1, we find a 20-σ detection of zB
los = 53.5 ± 2.7 Hz. If 44 GHz methanol masers are excited at n ∼ 107–8 cm−3, then the B versus n
1/2 relation would imply, from comparison with Zeeman effect detections in the CN(1 − 0) line toward DR21(OH), that magnetic fields traced by 44 GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH) should be ∼10 mG. Combined with our detected zB
los = 53.5 Hz, this would imply that the value of the 44 GHz methanol Zeeman splitting factor z is ∼5 Hz mG−1. Such small values of z would not be a surprise, as the methanol molecule is non-paramagnetic, like H2O. Empirical attempts to determine z, as demonstrated, are important because there currently are no laboratory measurements or theoretically calculated values of z for the 44 GHz CH3OH transition. Data from observations of a larger number of sources are needed to make such empirical determinations robust.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio, Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width Measures in Bells Palsy
Authors: Sahin Caner , VarÄ±m Ceyhun
Published: January 2017

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in the differential diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Bells Palsy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with Bells Palsy and 28 control patients were included in the study. Serum samples were analysed retrospectively on the initial presentation and the seventh day of admission.RESULTS: On admission, the NLR was 1.7Â±1.2. The mean absolute neutrophil count was 6100 Â± 900/mm^3 in Bells Palsy Group. NLR was 0.9 Â± 0.2. The mean absolute neutrophil count was 4400 Â± 1100/mm^3 in control group. Statistically, significant changes were not observed in NLR, PLR, MPV and RDW measurements in Bells Palsy group between House-Brackman Staging.CONCLUSION: Statistically significant changes in the neutrophil count and NLR were determined in the measurements between Bells Palsy and control group (p = 0.013, p = 0.016 respectively) on admission. A grade of the disease and NLR measurements had no statistically significant connection. RDW value was investigated for the first time in the literature for Bells Palsy patients.
L’exhibition et la négociation du savoir dans les pratiques définitoires : l’interaction autour du syndrome de fatigue chronique dans un groupe d’entraide
Authors: De Stefani Elwys , Sambre Paul
Published: January 2017

Cet article analyse les pratiques définitoires observables dans un groupe d’entraide pour personnes souffrant du syndrome de fatigue chronique (SFC). Les auteurs proposent une description endogène et située de la notion de définition en utilisant l’instrumentaire analytique qu’offre l’analyse conversationnelle. Cette approche permet de concevoir les définitions comme des pratiques collectives au travers desquelles les participants exhibent et négocient leur savoir et, par conséquent, leur droit à la définition. Les manifestations d’accord et de désaccord se révèlent fondamentales dans l’accomplissement dynamique et interactionnel d’une définition. L’article se base sur un corpus d’interactions en néerlandais de Flandre.
La définition-en-interaction : la définition du sens comme accomplissement interactif
Authors: Schmale Günter
Published: January 2017

Partant du rôle fondamental de l’intercompréhension dans la conversation, la contribution a pour objet les activités de définition en tant que procédures visant à atteindre un degré suffisant d’attribution de sens aux actions réciproques et permettant ainsi la poursuite des objectifs communicatifs. À travers l’étude corpus-driven de six séquences conversationnelles émanant de différents contextes comprenant des activités de définition relatives à la délimitation du signifié d’un terme ou à la possibilité d’identifier le référent d’un signifié, l’auteur étudie les activités de définition comme phénomène de définition-en-interaction qui revêt plusieurs caractéristiques principales : l’interactivité, la diversité des formes, l’étendue plus ou moins développée, le caractère naturel, non scientifique, le résultat incertain des efforts de définition.
Décalages interprétatifs dans une réunion prison-université en vidéocommunication
Authors: Bonu Bruno
Published: January 2017

Le présent article concerne l’analyse d’une réunion par vidéocommunication entre des étudiants-détenus (en présence de leur enseignant responsable de l’unité locale d’enseignement sur le site carcéral) et un groupe d’enseignants universitaires réunis à l’Université. L’objectif de la réunion est de pointer et résoudre les difficultés pratiques rencontrées par ces mêmes étudiants-détenus dans le suivi d’un cursus d’enseignement à distance (niveau Licence). L’examen conjoint de l’enregistrement audiovisuel et de la transcription de l’interaction multipartite (11 participants en tout, dans les deux sites) permet de mettre en évidence des phénomènes liés au travail de définition apparaissant dans le déroulement de l’interaction, notamment dans le travail interactionnel de spécification par deux locuteurs, d’un « même terme ». La linguistique interactionnelle développera, de ce fait, son enquête sur des données situées, avec les outils sémantiques.
Gait Kinematic Deviations in Patients With Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Treated With Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Nie Yong , Ning Ning , Pei Fuxing , Shen Bin , Zhou Zongke , Li Zongming
Published: January 2017

Comprehensive gait analysis of patients with Crowe type II and III developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) is lacking in the literature. This study evaluated gait function in joint kinematics after unilateral and bilateral THA in patients with DDH. In addition, the effect of high cup position on gait function was investigated. A total of 16 unilateral and 15 bilateral cementless THA patients due to DDH and 10 healthy participants comprised the study population. Levels of superior displacement of the acetabular cup and leg-length discrepancy after THA were measured. Three-dimensional gait analysis for patients who underwent THA was performed at least 1 year postoperatively. Range of motion (ROM), particularly sagittal (flexion/extension) and frontal (adduction/abduction) hip joint ROM, was significantly lower in both the unilateral and bilateral groups than in healthy participants. Sagittal (flexion/extension) hip ROM in patients with DDH was greater in the unilateral group than in the bilateral group. A significant influence of high acetabular cup position on hip joint kinematics was not observed in the unilateral subgroups (mean level of cup superior displacement was 11.8 mm). In contrast, a significant influence of high acetabular cup position on hip joint kinematics was observed in the bilateral subgroups (mean level of cup superior displacement was 21.3 mm). The functional symmetry and cup superior displacement within 12 mm in patients with DDH after unilateral THA contributed to the restoration of normal hip biomechanics. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):e425–e431.]
Rock the Canal! Contribution à l’histoire de la vie culturelle dans le territoire du canal à Bruxelles
Authors: Rouyet Yves
Published: January 2017

Depuis la fin des années 70, les quartiers qui bordent le canal à Bruxelles constituent un espace des plus novateurs en matière de création artistique avant-gardiste dans le domaine des musiques non classiques, de la danse contemporaine, de la recherche théâtrale et des performances multidisciplinaires et numériques. Les opérateurs culturels y ont trouvé des disponibilités immobilières bon marché en raison de la désindustrialisation et du caractère tardif et relativement lent du mouvement de gentrification résidentielle. L’article vise à identifier les étapes-clés du développement de la culture alternative dans le territoire du canal, au sein et, surtout, hors des institutions reconnues et subventionnées. Il part de l’hypothèse que la rencontre entre des artistes et ce territoire si particulier a eu une influence réciproque. D’une part, l’espace a nourri la création artistique de ses caractéristiques fortes : l’urbanité, la désindustrialisation et le cosmopolitisme. D’autre part, la présence des activités culturelles a drainé dans ces quartiers un public qui s’y rendait rarement, participant ainsi à la reconstruction partielle de son image.
Het Plan voor de Internationale Ontwikkeling Van Brussel (PIO)
Authors: Decroly Jean-Michel , Van Criekingen Mathieu
Published: January 2017

Eind 2007 heeft de gewestregering het Plan voor de Internationale Ontwikkeling (PIO) goedgekeurd en zodoende een grote koerswijziging in het Brussels stedelijk beleid ingezet. Deze tekst vestigt de aandacht op de essentiële beleidskeuzen in het PIO en neemt ze kritisch onder de loep. Volgens de auteurs is het PIO in hoofdzaak de schriftelijke neerslag van een voor Brussel vrij nieuwe strategie waarbij grote delen van het gewestelijk grondgebied worden bestemd voor particuliere vastgoedprojecten van speculatieve aard die zouden moeten fungeren als nieuwe hefbomen voor de herwaardering van de stad. Het Brussels PIO sluit daardoor aan bij de thans overheersende trend om een stedelijk beleid met neoliberale inslag te voeren dat nieuwe investeringen in de centrumwijken aanmoedigt, maar onvoldoende rekening houdt met de mate waarin de sociale en ruimtelijke tegenstellingen in de stad dientengevolge toenemen.
“Institutional design for the Brussels area and values for the Belgian community” by Henry Tulkens, comments of Victor Ginsburgh
Authors: Tulkens Henry , Ginsburgh Victor
Published: January 2017

How to find a way out of Belgium’s linguistic stalemate? How to guarantee the respect of democratic principles in the use of languages?These two questions, especially crucial to Brussels and its surrounding area, are at the heart of the latest paper that Henry Tulkens, professor emeritus of political economy and public finances at UCL (Université catholique de Louvain), has published in Brussels Studies (“Double vision” collection).According to Prof. Tulkens, prospects to appease linguistic conflicts lie in determining the use of languages at the local level, abandoning the principle of jus soli and embracing the democratic and pragmatic values of bilingualism – rather than unilingualism – in the communes where a sufficient majority so wishes. This will restore a win-win situation – a positive sum game – among the communities where they would no longer be competitors, but partners with an interest in seeing the other language flourish. Brussels is cited as example, where bilingualism and firm guarantees for the Dutch-speaking minority have preserved the importance of this language, where the linguistic debate is less strident than in the city’s outskirts, and where linguistic opening has been an advantage to all, as demonstrated during the recent Citizens Forum of Brussels.As with all topics in the “Double vision” collection, the text published is an invitation for a reflection and dialogue on the many sides of an issue. In this context, we also publish comments by Victor Ginsburgh, professor emeritus of political economy at ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles), in a reply to Henry Tulkens.Prof. Ginsburgh calls on the French-speakers to be realistic and grasp the national scope of the Flemish project. He rejects the idea that part of the population, at a local level, would be able to change the official language applied in the area. Instead he proposes that the minority simply learn the language of the majority, not in view of assimilation but in the interest of developing bilingualism. Lastly, he agrees with the proposal for a win-win situation: each linguistic community has much to gain when the other’s culture thrives, even in “its own territory”. Nonetheless, he feels that bilingualism perhaps must make some headway before such an attitude can truly be envisaged.
“Institutions pour Bruxelles et valeurs chères à la communauté belge” par Henry Tulkens et réponse de Victor Ginsburgh
Authors: Tulkens Henry , Ginsburgh Victor
Published: January 2017

Comment nous sortir de l’impasse des crispations linguistiques ? Comment garantir le respect des principes démocratiques en matière d’emploi des langues ?Ce sont ces deux questions qui concernent au premier plan Bruxelles et sa périphérie qu’aborde ici Henry Tulkens, professeur émérite à l’Université catholique de Louvain.Selon lui, une détermination de l’emploi des langues au niveau local, un abandon pur et simple du principe de droit du sol et une consécration démocratique et pragmatique du bilinguisme – et non de l’unilinguisme – dans les communes où une part suffisante de la population le souhaite, ouvrent à la Belgique une voie vers l’apaisement. Il faut en effet instaurer un jeu à somme non nulle entre les communautés, un tissu de relations dans lequel l’autre ne serait pas un concurrent, mais un partenaire que l’on aurait intérêt à voir s’épanouir. Et Bruxelles d’être citée en exemple, où le bilinguisme et les solides garanties offertes à la minorité néerlandophone ont permis une préservation de la place du néerlandais, où le débat linguistique est bien moins aigu que dans sa périphérie et où le décloisonnement linguistique profite à tous, comme ce fut le cas avec les États généraux de Bruxelles.Comme toujours dans la collection Strabismes, le texte publié est une invitation à la réflexion et au débat. Victor Ginsburgh, professeur émérite à l’Université libre de Bruxelles, donne donc la réplique à Henry Tulkens.Il en appelle pour sa part au réalisme des francophones qui devraient prendre conscience du caractère national du projet flamand. Il rejette par ailleurs l’idée qu’une partie de la population puisse, au niveau local, modifier le régime linguistique qui lui est appliqué et propose simplement que la minorité apprenne la langue de la majorité, non dans le cadre d’une assimilation, mais dans celui du développement du bilinguisme. Enfin, la proposition du jeu à somme non nulle rencontre son adhésion : chacun a à gagner à l’épanouissement de la culture de l’autre, même sur « son propre territoire ». Peut-être conviendrait-il simplement pour lui que le bilinguisme gagne du terrain avant qu’une telle attitude soit concrètement envisageable.
L’intérêt pour le quartier : le lieu de résidence des conseillers communaux dans la région de Bruxelles‑Capitale
Authors: de Maesschalck Filip
Published: January 2017

Dans cet article, on examine dans quelle mesure certains types de quartiers présentent un déficit ou un excédent de représentation dans les conseils communaux bruxellois. Il ressort de cette étude qu’un quartier est d’autant mieux représenté que son niveau de prospérité est élevé. Les quartiers en difficulté souffrent donc d’une double marginalisation : ils sont confrontés à plusieurs problèmes urbains et ils sont sous-représentés dans les organes de la commune. Il existe cependant, entre les familles politiques, de grandes différences, qui peuvent être reliées à leur position dans le spectre politique. Cette image est stable, comme le montre la comparaison de la situation actuelle avec celle de la législature précédente. L’augmentation du nombre de conseillers communaux d’origine non-européenne améliore quelque peu la représentation des quartiers qui connaissent le plus de problèmes, bien que ceux-ci restent sous-représentés. Les mêmes constatations s’appliquent au parlement bruxellois, où la représentation des quartiers aisés est toutefois plus prononcée.
Ten years of expropriations and evictions in the Brussels North Quarter (1965‑1975): what are the legacies today?
Authors: Martens Albert
Published: January 2017

At the end of the 1960s, the urban area of Brussels underwent a modernisation process which deeply transformed certain neighbourhoods. Ten years earlier, Expo 58, the North-South junction and the construction of the state administrative district had already brought modernist architecture to Brussels. The enthusiasm generated by these projects, the very weak reactions on behalf of those who were affected and the strong growth of the Golden Sixties (1960‑1970) kindled a will among certain local politicians, town planners and architects to pursue the large-scale modernisation of the city. Due to the promise of a significant increase in wealth, a coalition of interests was established with money lenders and the destruction of entire neighbourhoods was organised. This led to the appearance of the urban struggles in Brussels such as those in the Marolle and the North Quarter. The former was a victory and allowed the neighbourhood to be saved. The latter, however, was not able to prevent the destruction of 53 ha of urban fabric and the eviction of more than 3 000 families. A comparative analysis of these two events allows a better understanding of the multiple stakes, the strategies of urban stakeholders and the effects of these struggles on the emergence of a new urban and civic “conscience”.
Regulating School Choice in Brussels
Authors: Cantillon Estelle
Published: January 2017

This article aims to contribute to the current debate on the optimal regulation of school choice in the Brussels Capital Region. We first summarize the current regulatory framework and make the distinction between the political objectives pursued by the regulation of school choice, and the procedure that implements these objectives. We argue that these two aspects can be analyzed separately. We then describe the specific challenges that the Region faces as far as school choice is concerned. Next, we analyze two scenarios consisting of a set of political objectives for school choice regulation in Brussels and a possible ranking among those. These political objectives echo some of the objectives for school choice regulation mentioned in the public debate but are tailored to the specific needs of the Region. Finally, we describe a procedure that implements these objectives. The exercise illustrates the type of arbitrage public decision makers need to make and several key practical aspects of the implementation.