bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined use of maxillomandibular swing approach and neurosurgical ultrasonic aspirator in the management of extensive clival chordoma: A case report
Authors: Hassan Shahid , Abdullah Jafri M , Wan Din Shah Jihan , Idris Zamzuri
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Chordoma is a rare malignant tumour with an incidence of metastasis of less than 10 percent. Usually arising from clivus its posterior extension may involve the brainstem before presenting as nasal mass and obstruction. Surgery is the main mode of treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy. However surgery is rarely possible for a large intracranial lesion.

Case presentation

We report the case of an adolescent patient with a chordoma extending posteriorly to the brainstem and anteriorly to the nasopharynx and managed by the combination of resection using a maxillomandibular swing approach and the use of a neurosurgical ultrasonic aspirator.

Conclusion

Maxillomandibular swing approach provides good access for large nasopharyngeal tumour extending brainstem area.
Antibodies to mutated citrullinated vimentin and disease activity score in early arthritis: a cohort study
Authors: Ursum Jennie , Nielen Markus MJ , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan , van der Horst Ann R , van de Stadt Rob J , Dijkmans Ben AC , Hamann Dörte
Published: February 2008

Introduction

The aim of our study was to investigate the association between arthritic disease activity and antibodies to mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV), because such a relation has been suggested.

Methods

Anti-MCV levels were measured in 162 patients with early arthritis (123 with rheumatoid arthritis and 39 with undifferentiated arthritis) at baseline and at 1 and 2 years of follow up. Disease activity was measured using the disease activity score (Disease Activity Score based on 28 joints [DAS28]) and serum C-reactive protein. General estimation equation analysis was used to assess the relation between anti-MCV levels and DAS28 over time.

Results

Both, anti-MCV levels and DAS28 exhibited a significant decrease during the first and second year. However, the association between anti-MCV levels and DAS28, adjusted for dependency on sequential measurements within one individual, was very low (β = 0.00075). In a population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or undifferentiated arthritis, anti-MCV had a specificity of 92.3% and a sensitivity of 59.3% when using the recommended cut-off of 20 U/ml. Specificity and sensitivity of antibodies against second-generation cyclic citrullinated peptide, using the recommended cut-off value of 25 U/ml, were 92.1% and 55.3%, respectively. Anti-MCV-positive early arthritis patients had significantly higher Sharp-van der Heijde score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels than did anti-MCV-negative patients at all time points (P < 0.005), but DAS28 was higher in anti-MCV-positive patients at 2 years of follow up only (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Because the correlation between anti-MCV levels and parameters of disease activity was very low, we conclude that it is not useful to monitor disease activity with anti-MCV levels.
Monocyte deactivation in neutropenic acute respiratory distress syndrome patients treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Authors: Mokart Djamel , Kipnis Eric , Guerre-Berthelot Pierre , Vey Norbert , Capo Christian , Sannini Antoine , Brun Jean-Paul , Blache Jean-Louis , Mege Jean-Louis , Blaise Didier , Guery Benoit P
Published: February 2008

Introduction

In severely neutropenic septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, macrophages and monocytes are the last potentially remaining innate immune cells. We have previously shown, however, a deactivation of the alveolar macrophage in neutropenic septic ARDS patients. In the present study, we tried to characterize in vitro monocyte baseline cytokine production and responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide exposure.

Methods

Twenty-two consecutive patients with cancer were prospectively enrolled into a prospective observational study in an intensive care unit. All patients developed septic ARDS and were divided into two groups: neutropenic patients (n = 12) and non-neutropenic patients (n = 10). All of the neutropenic patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor whereas no patient in the non-neutropenic group received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. We compared monocytes from neutropenic patients with septic ARDS with monocytes from non-neutropenic patients and healthy control individuals (n = 10). Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured, and cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist) were assayed with and without lipopolysaccharide stimulation.

Results

TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist levels in unstimulated monocytes were lower in neutropenic patients compared with non-neutropenic patients. Values obtained in the healthy individuals were low as expected, comparable with neutropenic patients. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes, both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production were significantly lower in neutropenic patients compared with non-neutropenic patients and control individuals.

Conclusion

Consistent with previous results concerning alveolar macrophage deactivation, we observed a systemic deactivation of monocytes in septic neutropenic ARDS. This deactivation participates in the overall immunodeficiency and could be linked to sepsis, chemotherapy and/or the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Proteomic analysis of the secretome of Leishmania donovani
Authors: Silverman J Maxwell , Chan Simon K , Robinson Dale P , Dwyer Dennis M , Nandan Devki , Foster Leonard J , Reiner Neil E
Published: February 2008

Background

Leishmania and other intracellular pathogens have evolved strategies that support invasion and persistence within host target cells. In some cases the underlying mechanisms involve the export of virulence factors into the host cell cytosol. Previous work from our laboratory identified one such candidate leishmania effector, namely elongation factor-1α, to be present in conditioned medium of infectious leishmania as well as within macrophage cytosol after infection. To investigate secretion of potential effectors more broadly, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the protein content of conditioned medium collected from cultures of stationary-phase promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, an agent of visceral leishmaniasis.

Results

Analysis of leishmania conditioned medium resulted in the identification of 151 proteins apparently secreted by L. donovani. Ratios reflecting the relative amounts of each leishmania protein secreted, as compared to that remaining cell associated, revealed a hierarchy of protein secretion, with some proteins secreted to a greater extent than others. Comparison with an in silico approach defining proteins potentially exported along the classic eukaryotic secretion pathway suggested that few leishmania proteins are targeted for export using a classic eukaryotic amino-terminal secretion signal peptide. Unexpectedly, a large majority of known eukaryotic exosomal proteins was detected in leishmania conditioned medium, suggesting a vesicle-based secretion system.

Conclusion

This analysis shows that protein secretion by L. donovani is a heterogeneous process that is unlikely to be determined by a classical amino-terminal secretion signal. As an alternative, L. donovani appears to use multiple nonclassical secretion pathways, including the release of exosome-like microvesicles.
On Ricardo's Method: The Scottish Connection Considered
Authors: Depoortère Christophe
Published: February 2008

Historians of economic thought who try to connect Ricardo's method with a philosophy generally focus on associationism and pay no attention to Dugald Stewart's influence. In point of fact, Ricardo's method can be connected with Stewart's teaching through his connection with James Mill and Francis Horner. Moreover, the difference between practical and scientific knowledge which is, according Stewart, a difference in the use of abstraction, coincides with Ricardo's distinction between questions of facts and of principles. This connection, which appears in Ricardo's work, brings into question the common view of Ricardo's method as a hypothetical one and leads to consider the role of abstraction as a crucial one.
Frank Graham's Case for Flexible Exchange Rates: A Doctrinal Perspective
Authors: Endres Anthony M.
Published: February 2008

The case made for market-determined, flexible exchange rates by Princeton economist Frank D. Graham between the 1920s and the late 1940s is examined. It is argued that Graham's case embodied all essential elements of a monetary approach to exchange rates and the balance of payments. Exchange rates are monetary variables, and monetary policy strongly influences their movement. Contrary to received commentaries, Graham was the first twentieth-century economist to make a coherent case for flexible rates; he was an unappreciated forerunner of postwar, Chicago-based advocacy of flexible rates culminating in Friedman's 1953 classic. Graham's antipathy toward the Bretton Woods plans for exchange rates mirrored that of the Chicagoans. He advanced a liberal policy agenda including flexible exchange rates, capital mobility, rule-based independent monetary policies, and free trade. In the form of Frank Graham, Princeton was not far from Chicago.
Keynes on Kalecki's Theory of Taxation: Contents Approved, Method Questioned
Authors: De Vecchi Nicolò
Published: February 2008

This paper considers Keynes's comments on two essays by Kalecki addressing the effects of three different taxes on national income and employment. Keynes appreciated the highly compressed, clearly shaped, and convincing character of Kalecki's analysis, but sharply criticized his method, pointing out that Kalecki's theoretical conclusions were based on the tacit assumption that the decisions of consumption and investment are “independent from” the levy. Keynes's criticism is fully coherent with the method of analysis he adopted in the General Theory and with his critique of the “classical” theory of employment.
Differential Asset Valuation in the Medieval Post-Talmudic Legal Literature
Authors: Callen Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2008

This study evaluates the extent to which the asset valuation arguments raised by medieval post-Talmudic legal scholars are consistent with modern contingent claims analysis. In particular, this study evaluates the arguments proposed by these scholars in order to rationalize the Talmud's differential valuation of the same asset by multiple claimants. Modern contingent claims analysis is able to explain differential valuation by invoking market imperfections such as transactions costs and asymmetric information. We conjecture that market imperfections lie behind the Talmud's differential valuation of the kethubah. This study finds that although some post-Talmudic scholars—notably Rashi, Rashbam, and Rosh—can be interpreted as raising transactions costs and asymmetric information arguments to rationalize differential valuation of the kethubah, their lines of reasoning are typically included as part of a broader set of less convincing arguments. We argue that this mixture of deep insights into asset valuation and abstruse logic is likely a continuation of Talmudic ambivalence to the valuation of non—human capital, an ambivalence induced by the biblical prohibition against interest.
Reconceptualizing extremism and moderation: From categories of analysis to categories of practice in the construction of collective identity
Authors: Hopkins Nick , Kahani‐Hopkins Vered
Published: February 2008

Much psychological research employs the categories of extremism and moderation as categories of analysis (e.g. to identify the psychological bases for, and consequences of, holding certain positions). This paper argues these categorizations inevitably reflect one's values and taken‐for‐granted assumptions about social reality and that their use as analytic categories limits our ability to explore what is really important: social actors' own constructions of social reality. In turn we argue that if we are to focus on this latter, there may be merit in exploring how social actors themselves use the categories of moderation and extremism to construct their own terms of reference. That is we propose to re‐conceptualize the categories of moderation and extremism as categories of practice rather than analysis. The utility of this approach is illustrated with qualitative data. We argue that these data illustrate the importance of respecting social actors' own constructions of social reality (rather than imposing our own). Moreover, we argue that categories of moderation and extremism may be employed by social actors in diverse ways to construct different terms of reference and so recruit support for different identity‐related projects.
Impulsive and/or planned behaviour: Can impulsivity contribute to the predictive utility of the theory of planned behaviour?
Authors: Churchill Sue , Jessop Donna , Sparks Paul
Published: February 2008

This prospective study tested the prediction that impulsivity would contribute to the prediction of behaviour over and above key variables from an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model. At Time 1, participants completed a questionnaire including measures of TPB constructs related to the avoidance of high‐calorie snacks, in addition to measures of impulsivity and dietary restraint. At Time 2, participants (N =315) completed a questionnaire assessing their snacking behaviour over the previous 2 weeks. Results revealed that impulsivity significantly contributed to the prediction of behaviour over and above TPB constructs, with those higher in impulsivity being more likely to snack. This relationship was not moderated by behavioural intention. It is concluded that impulsivity might profitably be included alongside TPB variables when predicting behaviours that are not adequately characterized by careful, analytic, compensatory decision‐making strategies.
The treatment of prisoners: International standards and case law
Authors: Coyle Andrew
Published: February 2008

Objective. In some countries questions are asked about the extent to which human rights should be applied to those who have been detained in prison, particularly if they have been convicted of a criminal offence. However, the international human rights treaties and instruments are quite clear that detained persons are entitled to all human rights that are not expressly removed by the fact of their detention.

Method. This article describes in detail what these standards are and how they apply to imprisonment. It also considers how these issues have been interpreted judicially by the European Court of Human Rights and the lessons to be learned from its increasing body of case law.

Conclusion. All those who are involved in the management of prisons or who deal in any way with prisoners must always bear in mind ‘the inherent dignity of the human person’. This obligation applies particularly to psychologists and others who develop programmes and other activities aimed at influencing the future behaviour of prisoners.
Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non‐psychopathic sexual offenders
Authors: Porter Stephen , ten Brinke Leanne , Wilson Kevin
Published: February 2008

Purpose. This study investigated the influence of psychopathy and sex offender subtype on criminal history, probability of being granted conditional release, and performance while on conditional release in a diverse group of violent offenders. We predicted that psychopathic sexual offenders would be associated with relatively prolific violent and sexual offending, a high probability of successful conditional release applications despite their past behaviour (resulting from ‘putting on a good show’ in a parole hearing), and poor performance in the community.

Methods. Information was gathered via a correctional file review of 310 Canadian male federal offenders. Offenders were categorized into groups based on their sexual offence history (non‐sex offender, rapist, child molester, or mixed rapist/molester) and Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL‐R; Hare, 2003) ratings. Their offences (sexual, violent, or non‐violent) and their complete conditional release histories were coded.

Results. Psychopathy was associated with more violent and non‐violent, but not sexual, offences. A significant interaction between psychopathy and offender subtype revealed that psychopathy was associated with a greater number of sex offences within child molesters. High‐psychopathy offenders (both sexual and non‐sexual offenders) were about 2.5 times more likely to be granted conditional release than non‐psychopathic offenders.

Conclusions. Psychopathy is associated with more prolific sexual offending among child molesters and – despite their extensive criminal histories and high recidivism rate – a great proficiency in persuading parole boards to release them into the community. Specialized education and training in dealing with psychopathic offenders is urgently needed.
The Sow in the House: The Unfulfilled Promises of Feminism in Ian Falconer’s Olivia Books
Authors: Greenstone Daniel
Published: February 2008

On the surface Ian Falconer’s Olivia series documents how twenty-first-century feminist parents are raising their daughters, but there is also another subtler and more subversive message embedded in the stories. Through his juxtaposition of the two female characters in the story–young girl with a limitless future and her exhausted, housewife mother–Falconer opens a rich vein of social experience, which he expertly mines to manufacture a brilliant, sly, and, at times, a winking critique of what might be called the unfulfilled promises of feminism.
Spinning Sympathy: Orphan Girl Novels and the Sentimental Tradition
Authors: Sanders Joe Sutliff
Published: February 2008

The Wide, Wide World (1850), What Katy Did (1873), and Pollyanna (1913) provide a skeleton on which to build a history of the transmission of a women's literary tradition to girls' novels in the early twentieth century. Sympathy, the defining hallmark of sentimentalism, remains an important theme through both traditions, particularly in the ways it limits and ambiguously empowers fictional girls. However, women writing for girls in the decades following the emphasis on sentimentalism repeatedly confronted and revised the terms of sympathy better to suit their audience in a consumer economy.
The Death of Koro Paka: "Traditional" Māori Patriarchy
Authors: Hokowhitu Brendan
Published: February 2008

This article is underpinned by the simple question of what knowledge is produced about Māori men and why. In particular, it deconstructs the invention, authentication, and re-authentication of "traditional" Māori patriarchy. It begins by examining how Māori patriarchy was invented and authenticated through the hybridization of Māori and British masculine cultures, especially through the early colonial education of a select few Māori boys, who were subjects of a British public schooling technique. The article draws from this historical analysis to demonstrate how Māori patriarchy continues to be authenticated in today's popular culture. Here, the contemporary re-authentication of Māori patriarchy is drawn attention to through a deconstruction of the film Whale Rider . This film analysis argues that Whale Rider deploys a dangerous conflation of representation and reality, which ultimately re-authenticates the invented tradition of Māori patriarchy. The article is less concerned with denouncing particular tropes of Māori men as "false" and more with how such "truths" have come to be privileged; it also seeks to uncloak the processes that produce Māori masculine subjectivities.
Hui Nalu, Beachboys, and the Surfing Boarder-lands of Hawai'i
Authors: Walker Isaiah Helekunihi
Published: February 2008

In this article I argue that the Hawaiian conceptual, cultural, and physical space called po'ina nalu (surf zone) was a borderland (or boarder-land) where colonial hegemony was less effectual and Hawaiian resistance continuous. Through the history of Hawaiian surfing clubs, specifically the Hui Nalu and the Waikīkī beachboys, Hawaiian male surfers both subverted colonial discourses—discourses that represented most Hawaiian men as passive, unmanly, and nearly invisible—and confronted political haole (white) elites who overthrew Hawai'i's Native government in the late 1800s. My ultimate conclusion is that the ocean surf was a place where Hawaiian men negotiated masculine identities and successfully resisted colonialism.
Zones of Exception: Biopolitical Territories in the Neoliberal Era
Authors: Giorgi Gabriel , Pinkus Karen
Published: February 2008

"Zones of Exception: Biopolitical Territories of the Neoliberal Era" explores the biopolitical in Roberto Esposito together with the notion of exception in Giorgio Agamben to think diverse scenarios of social, economic, and cultural conflict of the neoliberal era. Focusing on the Argentine piqueteros and the clandestini at the Centers of Temporary Permanence in Italy, we discuss how the economic rationality of neoliberal rule both produces "bare life" and is haunted by its disruption, in ways that neoliberalism can't fully contain. This dislocation, its paradoxical and unstable nature between bodies and territories, may become the instance of an actual or potential resistance.
Leaving Politics: Bios, Zōē , Life
Authors: Dubreuil Laurent , Eagle Clarissa C.
Published: February 2008

This article explores the category of biopolitics through the use Roberto Esposito and Giorgio Agamben make of two Greek words, bios and ōē. In particular, I argue that the separation of bios and ōē as introduced in Homo Sacer has no "natural" nor "lingual" relevance. The exposition of such a fabulous antinomy simply ruins the historical matter of Agamben's discourse on biopolitics. Here, Esposito's research could be read as an attempt to found the category of biopolitics anew without repeating the fiction of a bifurcation between ōē and bios. However, Esposito, in his own celebration of biopower, undermines the very power of language and, thus, ignores the variation of the invariant that is history. Esposito's and Agamben's difficulties lead us back to the possible ambition of all politics to absorb all life, as it was already expressed (and partially displaced) by Aristotle. In this sense, "(post)modern biopolitics" becomes a case study for the totalitarian temptation of political order.
The Ambivalences of Biopolitics
Authors: Bazzicalupo Laura , Clò Clarissa
Published: February 2008

In this essay Laura Bazzicalupo surveys the contemporary biopolitical landscape from the war on terror to biotechnology to migration. Characterizing the biopolitical chiefly as a move from the juridical toward the normalizing, Bazzicalupo both critiques recent neomaterialist theorizations of biopower as vitalist and singles out some currents of feminist thought for their modern, anticommunitarian bias. A discussion of Arendt's analysis of depoliticization is then taken up from the perspective of immunity, one indebted to the thought of Roberto Esposito. She concludes with a spirited defense of aesthesis, which she defines as the creative assimilation of the other and an active reactivity, and an argument in favor of a non-normative ethics capable of resolving some of the most glaring ambivalences of biopolitics.
The Immunization Paradigm
Authors: Esposito Roberto , Campbell Timothy
Published: February 2008

In the following excerpt from Bios , Esposito sketches the template of immunity as a response to what he calls a "hermeneutic block" in Foucault's notion of biopolitics. After singling out those moments of greatest tension in Foucault's reading of biopolitics especially as it relates to Nazi thanatopolitics, Esposito sets out in detail the most important features of what he calls the immunization paradigm. Consisting of three dispositifs , namely sovereignty, property, and liberty, the immunitary paradigm has for Esposito a decisively modern inflection. Indeed modern biopolitics cannot be thought apart from the mode by which communities immunize or protect themselves.
From the Immune Community to the Communitarian Immunity: On the Recent Reflections of Roberto Esposito
Authors: Oliva Rossella Bonito , Campbell Timothy
Published: February 2008

In this survey of Roberto Esposito's thought, Bonito Oliva reflects upon the stakes of reading biopolitics in an immunitary key. After sketching the features of a "fundamental crisis in the sense of coexistence," the author, moving from ancient to modern philosophy, emphasizes the centrality of fear in Esposito's understanding of the origins of community. The importance of fear explains in part the intrinsic relation community has to immunity for Esposito, in which immunity is figured primarily as a negative form of community. In the essay's closing pages, the author shows how deeply immunity informs Esposito's understanding of contemporary biopolitics. She goes on to note Esposito's indebtedness to Hegel, especially with regard to the negative, and echoes Esposito's and Deleuze's own calls for the construction of "an immanent norm of life."
Weaving the Rainbow: Visions of Color in World History
Authors: Finlay Robert
Published: February 2008

In considering both color vision and color values, this essay brings together natural history and human history. After describing the character and evolution of color vision, it examines positive and negative attitudes toward color in leading cultures of Eurasia. It goes on to discuss color perspectives in those cultures, an examination that discloses a Eurasian pattern: while rejecting color in significant respects, Japan also developed a sophisticated perception of it; China periodically followed the West Asian lead on color; and West Asia represented the radiant center of the Eurasian spectrum. Rejecting West Asia's high valuation of color, classical Greece and Rome thereby established a European tradition that eventually was overwhelmed during the early modern period as a consequence of pigments and colorful commodities being imported from around the world. This foreshadowed the modern experience of rich color, a consequence of science and technology making universally available an extraordinary array of saturated hues. Such access to color distinguishes the contemporary world from all past societies.
Exotic Goods, Popular Consumption, and the Standard of Living: Thinking about Globalization in the Early Modern World
Authors: McCants Anne E. C.
Published: February 2008

Abstract: Evidence that privileges processes of consumption over those of production is critical to a reevaluation of nineteenth-century global integration and European economic growth. The growing body of documentation provided by early modern household inventory studies, along with new research on the contours of European demand for both imported manufactures and locally produced imitations, suggests that the time is now ripe for just such a reevaluation. Particularly, the consumption of tea, coffee, sugar, tobacco, porcelain, and silk and cotton textiles increased dramatically in western Europe beginning in the closing decades of the seventeenth century. Use of the new commodities spread rapidly, both in geographical and social space. A variety of household inventory studies from the Netherlands and England are used to document the presence of many of these so-called luxury goods by the working poor by the middle of the eighteenth century. European demand for these goods was fueled not only by the rich with their growing surplus incomes but also by the much more numerous lower and middling classes.
Raising the Archival Consciousness: How Women’s Archives Challenge Traditional Approaches to Collecting and Use, Or, What’s in a Name?
Authors: Mason Kären M. , Zanish-Belcher Tanya
Published: February 2008

This article examines archival collecting, taking as case studies two women’s archives. Drawing on their experiences building the collections of the Archives of Women in Science and Engineering (Iowa State University) and the Iowa Women’s Archives (University of Iowa), the authors explore how such efforts challenge traditional approaches to collecting. Proactive collecting, such as oral history projects focused on Latinas or women scientists, helps fill gaps in the historical record by encouraging people who have not traditionally been donors to participate in building and using diverse archival collections.
Library and Information Science Professionals as Community Action Researchers in an Academic Setting: Top Ten Directions to Further Institutional Change for People of Diverse Sexual Orientations and Gender Identities
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Braquet Donna
Published: February 2008

The need for progressive change in people’s attitudes and behaviors is essential for a communitywide acceptance of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals. This article examines our role as library and information science (LIS) professionals working in an academic environment to promote equality of sexual minorities by taking community action and creating social awareness and acceptance on their behalf. Findings based on qualitative studies and action research conducted in the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) help identify typical barriers and challenges faced by local LGBTQ individuals toward self-fulfillment and social and political empowerment. Research participants share their marginalizing experiences that paint a picture of slow acceptance reflected in the lukewarm campus and community climate of support toward LGBTQ individuals. It forms the contextual motivation for the authors as openly gay LIS professionals to promote “top ten” prioritized community actions of “what do we need to do” and “how do we do it” on behalf of people of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Current directions of progress made in the UTK academic environment over a period of two years are shared in this paper. Future efforts are also identified that require extending traditional library functions of information provision to reflect contemporary nontraditional expectations of relevance that include proactive social justice efforts for libraries and LIS professionals to come out of the closet in support of people of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities.
Internationalizing Working-Class History since the 1970s: Challenges from Historiography, Archives, and the Web
Authors: Harzig Christiane , Hoerder Dirk
Published: February 2008

In this essay the communication practices of labor migrants and their evolution from nineteenth-century print media to late twentieth-century electronic media provide the frame for a discussion of the limitations of national approaches to collection and interpretation. Multiple languages and knowledge of cultures of origin are required, cooperative library and research projects are necessary. On the basis of the Labor Newspaper Preservation Project it is argued that analysis of the bibliographic data by themselves, without going into the contents of the newspapers, revises current assumptions about processes of migration, acculturation, and internationalist class positions. The classic North American immigrant labor press came to an end in the 1970s. New patterns, feminization of migration and mobility to domestic and caregiving work, and new patterns of communication led to an ascendancy of electronic publications. Electronic publications and global rather than hemispheric migration will require different collecting strategies. These, like their printed predecessors, provide a perspective on migrants that differs from ethnicity and state-side approaches. Human rights rather than class struggles and migrant remittances rather the denationalization are the themes, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) rather than labor organizations are the publishers.
"Success on a Shoestring:" A Center for a Diverse Print Culture History in Modern America
Authors: Pawley Christine
Published: February 2008

In 1992 James Danky, Wayne Wiegand, and Carl Kaestle founded the Center for the History of Print Culture in Modern America at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The study of print culture was then a new field represented by scholars from many disciplines, including American studies, history, library and information studies, and literary studies. Stimulated by initiatives of the American Antiquarian Society and the Center for the Book at the Library of Congress, most research covered the northeast of the United States in the period before 1876, but Wisconsin's new center aimed to encourage research into more recent time periods, and broader areas, a well as into the print culture of marginalized groups whose gender, race, class, creed, occupation, ethnicity, and sexual orientation have historically placed them on the periphery of power. Under the directorship of Danky and Wiegand, the center hosted conferences, sponsored lectures and colloquia, and introduced a new publishing series titled "Print Culture History." Over its fifteen-year history, the center has influenced a general shift in print culture studies from texts to readers of all walks of life, and has help move the field, as Danky argues, from "questions of aesthetics and technique" into social history.
The Joy of Finding Periodicals "Not in Danky"
Authors: Burkett Randall K
Published: February 2008

This essay examines the seminal reference tool, African-American Newspapers and Periodicals: A National Bibliography (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), edited by James P. Danky. It provides background on the creation of this highly acclaimed volume and demonstrates its usefulness in building a research collection of rare periodical literature in African American history and culture. It also documents efforts to build such a collection at Emory University.
An Alternative Vision of Librarianship: James Danky and the Socio-cultural Politics of Collection Development
Authors: Dilevko Juris
Published: February 2008

The work of James P. Danky, longtime librarian at the Wisconsin Historical Society, is situated within the intellectual context of collection-development practices. Danky's belief in the value of alternative periodicals—and the lengths that he went to identify and acquire them—may be interpreted as a rejection of increasingly mechanical and generic ways to develop library collections. Reliance on centralized selection procedures, approval plans, and serials vendors was not only tantamount to the "disintegration of librarians as sources of expertise," but also structurally privileged books and serials from mainstream publishers. The biennial Alternative Library Literature (1982–2001), which Danky coedited with Sanford Berman, is compared with the annual Library Lit.—The Best of (1970–1990) to illuminate the way in which contrasting philosophical approaches to the selection of anthology articles may be interpreted as a microcosm of larger issues in collection development.
Human Insecurity and Streams of Conflict for a Re-conceptualization of International Migration
Authors: Sirkeci İbrahim
Published: February 2008

Securitisation of international migration is now a widely accepted phenomenon. Human security or insecurity is an important aspect of this broader security concern. International migration raises security issues at different levels because it involves a multitude of agencies that often have conflicting interests. In this conceptual review, main areas and actors of migration associated conflict are discussed. The aim is to explore the possibility of developing a conflict-based model that will facilitate the understanding of contemporary international migration flows and the reasons, mechanisms and dynamics underpinning them. Different stages of migration bring out different sets of conflicting security interests. The concept of environment of insecurity is placed within this multilevel conflict model. This study aims to provide a new understanding of human security and migration nexus from a conflict perspective which is conducive to a comprehensive migration conceptualisation and viable policy solutions.
Militancy, Power, and Identity: The Silent Sentinels as Women Fighting for Political Voice
Authors: Southard Belinda A. Stillion
Published: February 2008

In 1917, National Woman's Party members waged a silent protest outside the White House for woman suffrage. This essay argues that these protesters, the "Silent Sentinels," drew strength from restricting ideological forces to constitute a militant identity. First, the Sentinels enacted early twentieth-century gender ideology and provided political voice to women. Second, the Sentinels appropriated the authority of the rhetorical presidency and constituted themselves and American women as part of the U.S. democratic process. Last, the Sentinels incorporated President Wilson's militaristic doctrine into their militant logic, motivating their fight for woman suffrage as soldiers liberating the oppressed.
Ritual Disorder and the Contractual Morality of Sport: A Case Study in Race, Class, and Agreement
Authors: Grano Daniel A
Published: February 2008

A critical understanding of social contract rhetoric is applied in an analysis of mediated discourse after a brawl between players and fans at a National Basketball Association game. Media coverage of the brawl suggests how ritualized social contracts are negotiated in ways that normalize and disguise political inequities. This essay expands upon previously understood functions of sports rituals by highlighting their inherently contractual morality, and promotes an understanding of social contracts as malleable rhetorical constructs that can be crafted to the advantage of powerful signatories, but also contested by groups and individuals who are oppressed or marginalized by their terms. The implications of social contract rhetoric are contextualized within race and class relations specific to professional basketball in particular and to sports culture more generally.
Gender (In)Visibility at Abu Ghraib
Authors: Gronnvoll Marita
Published: February 2008

This essay explores the gender discourse surrounding the women soldiers implicated in the Abu Ghraib abuse scandal, and the gender silence surrounding their male counterparts. The analysis suggests that the women soldiers in the abuse case, particularly Lynndie England, are held to gendered standards, while the male soldiers are discussed in terms that are nongendered. Further, analysis of the widely disseminated photographs suggests that where the Iraqi male prisoners are excessively gendered and homosexualized, the male soldiers have their presumed heterosexuality preserved. Examination of the Abu Ghraib case suggests implications for rhetorical scholars interested in gender, as well as larger cultural implications regarding the policy debates that arose as a result of the case.
Ethiopia Is Now: J. A. Rogers and the Rhetoric of Black Anticolonialism during the Great Depression
Authors: Putnam Aric
Published: February 2008

The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 inspired grass roots political activism in black America. To understand how this foreign policy issue became such a pressing domestic concern for black Americans, this essay analyzes an influential interpretation of the crisis, a pamphlet by J. A. Rogers entitled The Real Facts About Ethiopia. I argue that Rogers's text critiques the nature of race under colonialism by illustrating how state boundaries and racial categories are coordinate, strategic operations of colonial power. Second, I demonstrate how the text contrasts this parochial racial context with an alternative framework in which identity can be performed, a heterogeneous space represented by a characterization of Ethiopia. I contend that this figure of Ethiopia creates a temporal frame for remedying the geographic and historical dispersal of the African Diaspora. At the close of the 1930s, this anticolonial, transnational black identity influenced the tenor and focus of black political culture.
Die Entdeckung des Romanos-Tores an den Landmauern von Konstantinopel
Authors: Asutay Neslihan
Published: February 2008

Today's “Topkapi” in Istanbul is generally accepted as the Gate of Saint Romanos. A newly noticed inscription on the lintel above the entrance of so called fourth minor gate clearly indicates that not Topkapi but this gate was originally the Gate of Saint Romanos.
Diogene Laerzio a Bisanzio nel X secolo. Studi sulla tradizione indiretta delle vite dei filosofi
Authors: Dorandi Tiziano
Published: February 2008

Le Vite dei filosofi di Diogene Laerzio ebbero una scarsa diffusione nel mondo tardo-antico e bizantino. Assenti dalla Biblioteca di Fozio (IX s.), le Vite riemergono a Bisanzio a partire dal X secolo, sotto forma di estratti, nella Antologia Palatina e nella Suda. È mia intenzione soffermarmi su queste due opere al fine di indagare i rapporti che intercorrono tra le loro tradizioni manoscritte e quella laerziana.
The Jewels from the Crown: Symbol and Substance in the Later Byzantine Imperial Regalia
Authors: Hetherington Paul
Published: February 2008

It has long been known that in April 1343 gems from the Byzantine imperial crown were pledged with the Venetians as collateral for a loan; the sum secured by this transaction was the substantial one of 30,000 ducats. The action had been taken by the empress Anna of Savoy, who, after the death of her husband Andronikos III in 1341, had ensured that her young son, born in June 1332, was crowned by the patriarch in November of the same year as the emperor John V Palaiologos. She negotiated the loan when desperately short of funds while acting as his regent during the ensuing civil war of 1341-1347; under the agreed terms the loan would be repaid at the rate of 10,000 ducats per year over three years, plus interest at 5%. The timescale of the agreement implies that she must have initially hoped that the jewels would be recovered for her emperor son, then only eleven years old, when he reached the age of fourteen.
Tampering with History: From Michael III to Michael VIII
Authors: Papamastorakis Titos
Published: February 2008

The rapid and dramatic changes that have marked contemporary history inspired one of the most notable operas of the late twentieth century. Philip Glass's Akhnaten - an elegy on the theme of intolerance - gives a symbolic treatment to a well-known story of suppression and counter-suppression in Ancient Egypt. The visionary pharaoh Akhnaten overthrows the established order, religion and priesthood, abolishing in the process the images of the old gods. Soon, however, he himself is toppled from power; the images of the gods he venerated are destroyed, along with his own portraits, and the old regime he had subverted establishes itself anew. Strategies of repression and suppression frequently involve eliminating the images of undesirables and obliterating their names. Recent history contains many examples of such tactics which still sometimes echo in the collective memory. A series of well-known photographs shows Joseph Stalin posing with the cream of the communist leadership – the Executive Committee from the early days of the Soviet Union, when it appeared to promise so much. As the Soviet regime grew ever more totalitarian and Stalin became more and more like the autocratic ruler of a vast empire, the portraits of various “troublesome” Committee members were airbrushed from the photos, just as they themselves disappeared from the political scene. The fate of Stalin's own images was no different, toppled and destroyed by the angry mob after the collapse of the communist regimes of Eastern Europe.
Ein bisher unbekannter Brief des Michael Gabras
Authors: Reinsch Diether Roderich
Published: February 2008

Der Bremer Codex mit der Signatur msb 0023, in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 14. Jahrhunderts wahrscheinlich in Konstantinopel entstanden, entstammt nach Inhalt und Anlage dem Bereich des höheren byzantinischen Schulbetriebs. Er enthält u.a. die „byzantinische Trias“ der Tragödien des Sophokles (Aiax, Electra, Oedipus Rex) mit Moschopulos- und Planudes-Randscholien, Kleomedes' Schrift De motu circulari corporum coelestium, Ailios Aristeides' De rhetorica, das erste Buch von Xenophons Institutio Cyri, Demosthenes' Orationes Philippicae und Olynthiacae sowie die Characteres Epistolici des Ps.-Libanios. Um diese Kernstücke gruppieren sich noch Auszüge aus einem juristischen Lexikon, aus Xenophons Hellenica und wiederum der Institutio Cyri, aus Demetrios von Phaleron und Proklos über Briefformulare sowie aus Symeon Seths Conspectus rerum naturalium.
Die Korrespondenz des Theodoros von Kyzikos im Codex Laura Ω 126: Textkritische Beiträge
Authors: Tziatzi-Papagianni Maria
Published: February 2008

Die erste und bisher einzige Ausgabe der Korrespondenz zwischen Theodoros Bischof von Kyzikos und dem Kaiser Konstantinos VII. Porphyrogennetos sowie einiger Briefe des Theodoros an andere Personen (insgesamt 33 Briefe), die alle im Codex Laura Ω 126 (13. Jh.1) überliefert sind, wurde von J. Darrouzès im Jahr 1960 vorgelegt.
Die Erzählung des Matthaios von der Stadt Theodoro
Authors: Beyer Hans-Veit
Published: February 2008

I. Über den Stil des Poems des Matthaios und seinen Inhalt

Wir sind nicht die ersten, die sich mit dem Poem des „minderwertigen Priesters Matthaios“ über die Stadt Theodoro beschäftigen. Silvio Mercati gab es bereits im Jahr 1927 heraus, nachdem er zunächst die in ihm beschriebene Stadt fälschlich mit Theodosia (Kaffa) identifiziert hatte, den Fehler aber schon in einer Zusatzbemerkung im selben Band der „Studi bizantini“ verbesserte, in welchem er das Poem publizierte. Mercati unterzog das Gedicht einer strengen literarhistorischen Kritik. Doch seine Bewertung erweist sich nicht in jedem Punkt als stichhaltig, wenn er behauptet: „das vorgegebene Thema ist abgesehen vom Wunder die Klage und die Zerknirschung“. Eine Begeisterung des Autors für das, was er mit Sinnen wahrnimmt, ist durchaus zu verspüren. Er hat eine positive Einstellung zu dem, was er sieht, und stellt es in den Rahmen der göttlichen Schöpfung. Klage und Lobpreis der mönchischen Lebensweise treten dabei in den Hintergrund. Der Dichter schöpft diese Themen nicht aus. Nachdem er am Schluss des Poems der Eitelkeit des Lebens im Sinne des Predigers Salomo vier Verse (143–146) gewidmet hat, kehrt er zur Verherrlichung des Schöpfers zurück und beendet seine Unterweisung mit christlicher Tröstung durch die Liebe ( Vers 147–150).
Original und Archetypus: zu Zustandekommen und Transformation einer byzantinischen Weltchronik (Pseudo-Polydeukes/Symeon Logothetes)
Authors: Wahlgren Staffan
Published: February 2008

Die Weltchronik des Symeon Logothetes scheint eine der populärsten Chroniken in Byzanz gewesen zu sein. Während viele Exponenten dieses Genres durch nur eine oder wenige Hss. bekannt sind, begegnet die Logothetenchronik in mehr als 40 Hss. und kann handschriftlich verfolgt werden vom 11. Jh. bis in die Renaissance. Dies bedeutet, dass ein reiches Material zu unserer Verfügung steht, wenn es darum geht, Änderungsprozesse zu beobachten, denen ein solcher Text ausgesetzt ist. Wir sind ferner in der glücklichen Lage, dass wesentliche Quellen des Logotheten bewahrt sind. Diese Quellen erlauben uns Erkenntnisse über das Zustandekommen des Werkes.
Alexander Daniel Beihammer, Nachrichten zum byzantinischen Urkundenwesen in arabischen Quellen (565-811)
Authors: Dagron Gilbert
Published: February 2008

Ce travail, conduit avec rigueur et méthode par un jeune savant de Vienne, se place sous le parrainage du Prof. Otto Kresten et enrichit la collection fondée par le Prof. Paul Speck. Il comble une lacune et sera un outil irremplaçable aussi bien pour les byzantinistes que pour les arabisants, comme le sont — et le restent malgré l'inévitable usure du temps — les publications de E. W. Brooks, de L. Caetani, de A. A. Vasiliev, de M. Canard, de E. Honigmann et de quelques autres, qui ont réussi à rétablir les liens entre deux mondes jadis si proches, mais que les spécialités universitaires ont aujourd'hui éloignés l'un de l'autre.