bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Limits: Short Review on Temperature’s Role in Characterizing Lithium-ion Battery Performance
Authors: Kadir M S A , Rani M F H , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Kamarrudin N S , Yinn W K , Akmal A Z A , Afnan Uda M N , Gautier Y
Published: December 2024

Lithium-ion batteries established themselves among the primary energy storage technologies, and the surge in electric vehicle augmentation is following global efforts to mitigate pollution. The short review article addresses the significant benefits of lithium-ion batteries over commercial alternatives, diving into their basic components and operating principles. Then, the attention shifts to examining lithium-ion battery performance at temperatures beyond the recommended operating range of 15°C to 35°C. Positive effects are seen at temperatures just above this range, but the degradation accelerates because of the decomposition of electrodes and electrolytes. Surprisingly, lithium plating appears as a critical element in battery degradation, impacting both low and high-temperature conditions. Despite these findings, this short review emphasizes the critical need for future research into novel strategies to reduce lithium-ion battery degradation, ultimately pushing breakthroughs in energy storage for sustainable electric transportation.
Impact of Impurities on the Properties of Recycled Aggregate for Use in Civil Engineering Work and Road Construction. Part 2: Environmental Assessment
Authors: Zaharieva Roumiana , Evlogiev Daniel , Simonov Borislav , Magdalena Kostadinova  , Petrov Boyan
Published: December 2024

Recycled concrete aggregate fraction 0/63 mm is used as unbound materials in several construction works, for which the environmental soundness is of a great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of impurities such as asphalt, bricks, soil, and lightweight materials on the environmental properties of recycled concrete aggregate. The chemical characteristics are determined as per EN 13242+A1 requirements. The environmental performance is evaluated based on a batch leaching test according to EN 12457-1 (L/S =2) and on the content of organic materials such as PAHs, PCBs, C10-C40. The two sets of tests were found to give conflicting results: no problematic chemical characteristics were found even at a high percentage of impurities in the recycled concrete aggregate, while the environmental performance was not satisfactory; the recycled aggregates were found not inert because of the significant amounts of sulphates, chlorides and total dissolved solids, sometimes heavy metals and, when blended with ground asphalt, organic compounds such as hydrocarbons. Thus, backfills and road facilities can be a source of soil and groundwater pollution if a pre-demolition audit, identification of contaminated CDW, decontamination activities and selective demolition are not implemented. Some improvements in the regulatory framework are proposed.
E-waste as a potential precursor for geopolymers
Authors: Nikolov Aleksandar , Tsvetanova Liliya , Barbov Borislav , Ranguelov Bogdan , Tarasov Mihail
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth in electronics production and the shortening product lifespans have resulted in a growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic materials, making its recycling a challenge. This study explores the potential of powdered e-waste as a geopolymer precursor and investigates the geopolymerization of reactive phases in e-waste. Research techniques, including XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, and FTIR, were used to characterize the e-waste and obtained geopolymers. Significant contents of reactive SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO components were detected in the e-waste which can participate in the formation of geopolymer gel. The present study elucidate the feasibility of utilizing e-waste as a geopolymer precursor, offering a potential for sustainable waste management and resource recovery in the electronics recycling industry.
Dynamic behavior of soil-tunnel interaction system in transversely isotropic half-space
Authors: Parvanova Sonia , Pashov Amar , Vasilev Georgi
Published: December 2024

Dynamic behavior of lined tunnels buried in a transversely isotropic half-space with surface relief is the focus of this paper. Different computational techniques are employed to model the soil-structure system subjected to time-harmonic point loads. Firstly, the direct Boundary Element Method is employed, using frequency-dependent fundamental solution of the governing equation in two-dimensional anisotropic elastodynamics to model the underground structure in a plane-strain state. In addition, the built-in options of the commercial software package ANSYS are utilized to compute the three-dimensional wave-field response. As an alternative to the 3D models, a computationally efficient two-and-a-half-dimensional approach has been developed for a transversely isotropic medium. It is based on the Finite Element Method combined with Perfectly Matched Layers. Comparisons between the results obtained by the three approaches are presented, and some recommendations regarding their application are provided.
Dynamic response of a beam on an elastic Winkler foundation subjected to time-harmonic load
Authors: Shiskov Petar , Stoyanov German , Pashov Amar , Parvanova Sonia
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of a beam on an elastic Winkler foundation under time-harmonic excitation. The frequency dependent ordinary differential equation of a beam with prescribed bending stiffness is analytically solved by using initial parameters’ method and Krylov’s functions for beams of medium length, and by Zimmermann functions in case of infinitely long beams. The obtained results are validated by an authors’ numerical solution based on the Finite Element Method. The dynamic response of numerical models, falling between medium and infinitely long beams, is validated by both analytical approaches. Conclusions and recommendations regarding their application are provided. Finally, a method accounting for moving point loads is presented.
Kitchen soups and the October uprising in Chile: exploring their connection with collective action frames in pandemic times
Authors: Correa Melisa Miranda
Published: December 2024

This article explores the connections between the October uprising in Chile and the emergence of kitchen soups (KS) as mutual aid during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the linguistic aspect of five KS names and their respective collective action frames (CAF) as tools for expressing shared goals, identities, and aspirations. By interviewing their founders, the study triangulates the relationship between KS and the October uprising. The analysis reveals a significant relationship between the social movement’s CAF and grassroots KS initiatives, highlighting the transformative potential of collective action. Additionally, the article explores how KS emerge as a continuation of the October social movement, creating new avenues for mobilization, resistance, and activism and community building. It argues that networks established during the social movement provided a strong foundation for KS’s success. Ultimately, it shows the power of political grassroots organizing and solidarity in times of crisis, emphasizing these movements’ potential to achieve lasting social justice.
Evolution in electrophysiology 100 years after Einthoven: translational and computational innovations in rhythm control of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Schuijt Eva , Scherr Daniel , Plank Gernot , Schotten Ulrich , Heijman Jordi
Published: December 2024

In 1924, the Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Anno 2024, the ECG is commonly used as a diagnostic tool in cardiology. In the paper ‘Le Télécardiogramme’, Einthoven described the first recording of the now most common cardiac arrhythmia: atrial fibrillation (AF). The treatment of AF includes rhythm control, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Recent studies found that early rhythm control might additionally improve clinical outcomes. However, current therapeutic options have suboptimal efficacy and safety, highlighting a need for better rhythm-control strategies. In this review, we address the challenges related to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and catheter ablation for rhythm control of AF, including significant recurrence rates and adverse side effects such as pro-arrhythmia. Furthermore, we discuss potential solutions to these challenges including novel tools, such as atrial-specific AADs and digital-twin-guided AF ablation. In particular, digital twins are a promising method to integrate a wide range of clinical data to address the heterogeneity in AF mechanisms. This may enable a more mechanism-based tailored approach that may overcome the limitations of previous precision medicine approaches based on individual biomarkers. However, several translational challenges need to be addressed before digital twins can be routinely applied in clinical practice, which we discuss at the end of this narrative review. Ultimately, the significant advances in the detection, understanding, and treatment of AF since its first ECG documentation are expected to help reduce the burden of this troublesome condition.
Case control study of access to medications during COVID-19 and longitudinal impact on health outcomes for primary care patients managing multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Rose Gail L , Bonnell Levi N , Natkin Lisa W , O’Rourke-Lavoie Jennifer , van Eeghen Constance
Published: December 2024

Background

During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people managing multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) experienced barriers to obtaining needed medications. The purposes of this paper are to (i) determine risk factors for difficulty obtaining medications during COVID-19, (ii) document reasons for the difficulty, and (iii) evaluate the impact on later physical and mental health outcomes.

Method

In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2016–2021, 1969 adult primary care patients were surveyed about physical and mental health both before and during COVID-19. They reported their needs for medication during COVID-19 and any difficulty obtaining them. Reasons for difficulty accessing medications were tabulated descriptively. Logistic regression identified predictors of medication access difficulty. Multivariable linear regression modeled the relationship between access to medications and health outcomes, accounting for pre-COVID health.

Results

In total 13% of participants experienced difficulty accessing needed medications. Compared to the larger sample, those participants were younger, had more MCCs, and had lower income. They were more often female, unmarried, and were facing insecurities in housing, food, or finances (all P < 0.004). Younger age and the presence of socioeconomic insecurity at baseline increased the odds of later difficulty accessing medications. Barriers to access included concerns about contracting COVID-19 (52%), physician or pharmacy inaccessibility (38%), and cost (26%). Adjusting for baseline health, difficulty accessing medications was associated with poorer health at follow up (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

People with socioeconomic disadvantages experienced a disproportionate impact of difficulty obtaining medications and poorer health outcomes due to COVID-19. They may be at greater risk in the event of future pandemics and other societal disruptions.
A new mesophilic member of the Chloroflexota phylum ‘Ca. Сhloroploca septentrionalis’ from the meromictic lake Bol'shie Khruslomeny separated from the White Sea
Authors: Gorlenko Vladimir M , Grouzdev Denis S , Lunina Olga N , Gaisin Vasil A , Ashikhmin Aleksandr A , Sinetova Maria A
Published: December 2024

A new filamentous phototrophic bacterium Khr17 was isolated as an enrichment culture from the brackish polar lake Bol'shie Khruslomeny. The organism was a halotolerant, strictly anaerobic phototroph possessing photosystem II. Sulfide was required for phototrophic growth. The cells of bacterium Khr17 formed nonmotile, wavy trichomes surrounded by a sheath. The cells contained chlorosomes, gas vesicles, and storage granules. The antenna pigments of bacterium Khr17 were bacteriochlorophyll c and β- and γ-carotenes. The genome of Khr17 bacterium carries all the genes responsible for CO2 fixation via the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway. The genes encoding the proteins of the nitrogenase complex were not found. The DNA G + C content was 59.9%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of isolate Khr17 exhibited 99.4% similarity to related species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values for the isolate showed 91.9% and 46.9% similarity, respectively, to other ‘Ca. Chloroploca’ species. Based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, classification of Khr17 as member of a new species, ‘Ca. Chloroploca septentrionalis’ sp. nov., was proposed. Members of the genus ‘Ca. Chloroploca’ have previously not been found in Arctic areas and in the plankton of meromictic lakes.
Where the microbes aren't
Authors: Cockell Charles S
Published: December 2024

Although a large fraction of Earth’s volume and most places beyond the planet lack life because physical and chemical conditions are too extreme, intriguing scientific questions are raised in many environments within or at the edges of life’s niche space in which active life is absent. This review explores the environments in which active microorganisms do not occur. Within the known niche space for life, uninhabited, but habitable physical spaces potentially offer opportunities for hypothesis testing, such as using them as negative control environments to investigate the influence of life on planetary processes. At the physico-chemical limits of life, questions such as whether spaces devoid of actively metabolizing or reproducing life constitute uninhabitable space or space containing vacant niches that could be occupied with appropriate adaptation are raised. We do not know the extent to which evolution has allowed life to occupy all niche space within its biochemical potential. The case of habitable extraterrestrial environments and the scientific and ethical questions that they raise is discussed.
The government of Agnès of France, daughter of Saint Louis and duchess of Burgundy (c. 1260–1325)
Authors: Bardey David
Published: December 2024

Agnès de France (1260–1325), who was the youngest daughter of Saint Louis and Marguerite de Provence, is a little-known princess. She was, however, a remarkable political figure, whose role in government in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries demonstrates the vital influence of Capetian royal women. After marrying Robert II of Burgundy (duke from 1272–1306) in 1273, Agnès became duchess of Burgundy and was involved in the administration of this duchy for over half a century. Her influence was especially significant during the rule of her sons, the dukes Hugues V (1306–15) and Eudes IV (1315–49). In light of this, it is important to try to understand how she obtained power and to delineate the characteristics of female government in this period, above all during her widowhood. The aims of this article are thus to shed new light on Agnès’ career and to explore the foundations of her power, that were interlinked with her various positions as a woman: daughter of King Louis XI, wife of Duke Robert II and mother of the dukes Hugues V and Eudes IV.
Long-term Effects of Local Area New Deal Work Relief in Childhood on Late Life Depression
Authors: Modrek Sepideh , Rehkopf David H
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate whether childhood exposure to local area New Deal emergency employment work relief activity was associated with lower depressive symptoms in late life.

Methods

This study utilized individual-level data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) linked to the full count 1940 census. New Deal emergency employment programs were the largest non-wartime expansion in government led infrastructure, services, and employment policy in U.S. history. We used within county variation in WLS participants' exposure to emergency employment work relief activity during childhood (ages 0-3) to examine its association with depressive symptoms in late life. We examined depressive symptoms at three ages, 53-55, 65-67, and 72-74 but with a focus on depressive symptoms at ages 72-74 as a marker for late-life depression.

Results

Children who lived in neighborhoods with moderate or high levels of emergency employment work relief activity exhibited 14-18% lower depressive symptom scores at ages 72-74 compared to those from neighborhoods with low activity. These findings were consistent across various measures of late-life depressive symptoms, different model specifications, and after accounting for prior depressive symptoms.

Discussion

The study highlights the long-term mental health benefits of economic policies aimed at mitigating concentrated economic downturns among the most impacted individuals. Childhood exposure to New Deal work relief reduced depressive symptoms in older age, particularly new onsets of depressive symptoms at ages 72-74. These results suggest social policies aimed at maintaining economic activity in downturns can have long-term positive impacts on population mental health.
A numerical study of electrokinetically generated pre-earthquake geoelectric fields in layered porous media
Authors: Zheng Xu-Zhen , Ren Hengxin , Ren Qinhan , Huang Qinghua , Chen Xiaofei
Published: December 2024

The investigation into the physical mechanisms and behaviour of geoelectric fields as potential precursors of earthquakes is a crucial yet challenging task in seismo-electromagnetics. Assuming the electrokinetic effect as a potential mechanism, we propose a novel numerical modelling algorithm based on the framework of the Luco-Apsel-Chen generalized reflection and transmission method to explore the behaviour of geoelectric fields in stratified porous media during earthquake preparation. This algorithm incorporates two innovative aspects: (1) employing the Jordan decomposition to address the degeneracy problem encountered in the quasi-static regime, and (2) utilizing digital linear filters for Hankel transforms to conduct the wavenumber integration. The accuracy of the algorithm in computing static displacements in an extremely low porosity half-space model is verified through comparison with analytical solutions. Numerical results from a half-space model demonstrate a strong consistency between the behaviour of the vertical electric field and filtration displacements. Notably, the maximum amplitude of the vertical electric field can reach approximately 3150.5 mV km−1, which is detectable by receivers located at considerable distances from the epicentre. In addition, three distinct types of pre-earthquake electric fields are identified: (1) the localized electric field induced by slow P waves, (2) the interface electric responses and (3) the direct converted electric field from the source. Results from a multilayer porous model show the significant influence of the water table on the amplitude of the vertical electric field. This can be attributed to the influence of water saturation and permeability on the coefficient that combines the vertical electric field and the vertical filtration displacement. We also analyse the temporal evolution of different fields during earthquake preparation, which demonstrates a robust correlation between the temporal characteristics of pore pressure and that of the vertical electric field. This indicates that the vertical electric field offers an effective means to detect pore pressure evolution. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that the broadening of electric anomalies can be used to roughly estimate the rate of stress accumulation. The sensitivity of the electric signal to the strike, rake and dip angles of potential faults indicates its ability to determine fault geometry related to an impending earthquake. These observations underscore the potential of using geoelectric precursors to study earthquake preparation mechanisms.
Transitional Justice and the Problem of Democratic Decline
Authors: Dancy Geoff , Thoms Oskar Timo
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT∞

When transitional justice emerged as a field of practice amid the third wave of democracy, many hoped it would reinforce the rules and norms that prevent democratic decline. However, over half of all the democracies that transitioned from autocracy or experienced civil war in the last half-century have since undergone backsliding or breakdown. Is transitional justice partly to blame? This article theorizes six ways that transitional justice might contribute to democratic decline, or alternatively, to democratic progress. It then analyzes data from 118 democratic spells in 89 countries spanning 1970 to 2023 to evaluate which hypotheses are plausible. In line with theories focused on endogenous change, the findings suggest that transitional justice is actually associated with stronger electoral and judicial institutions, which reinforces the guardrails of democracy against autocratic reversion. Yet, while transitional justice might help prevent full democratic breakdown, it does not hinder democratic backsliding, particularly that which is driven by government restrictions on civic association.
Efficient Iterative Solutions for the Anisotropic Eikonal Equation in Seismic Wave Propagation Analysis
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Lu Yongming , Lei Tao , Zhang Jiangjie , Zang Nan
Published: December 2024

The computation of traveltimes for compressional (P) waves is significantly important for earthquake and seismic exploration applications. The eikonal equation, functioning as a fundamental tool in seismic wave propagation analysis, plays a crucial role in the computation of traveltimes and the construction of seismic images. However, the inherent nonlinearity of the eikonal equation introduces complexity, particularly when addressing anisotropic media. The eikonal equation derived directly from Christoffel equation is applicable for general anisotropic traveltime calculations. However, its equation is a complex quartic equation, presenting significant challenges in the solving process. The selection of a fast and efficient iterative method is important in addressing these challenges. Additionally, determining the initial point for iterative method is also crucial for their stability and effectiveness. Finally, three numerical examples are presented to test the bisection, Newton, and secant methods for solving anisotropic equations, based on the characteristics of locally constructed solutions.
High-resolution studies of the C-band and L-band radio continuum of the periodic methanol maser source G9.62+0.20E and surrounding sources
Authors: Woode B , Hoare M G , Kuditcher A , Goedhart S
Published: December 2024

High-resolution observations of the C-band and L-band radio continuum of the hypercompact H ii region $\rm G 9.62$+$\rm 0.20 E$ conducted with the e-MERLIN interferometric array are presented. A flux density of $\rm 2.25 \pm 0.20$ $\rm mJy$ and an angular size of $\rm 127 \pm 22$ $\rm mas$ were measured for the C-band continuum. At L band, an upper limit of $\rm 162$ $\rm \mu Jy$ on the integrated flux density was calculated at the continuum’s position. The surrounding sources C and D were detected at levels consistent with previous detections. The results for source E requires a steeper spectrum at L band than previous observations extrapolated from higher frequencies. This can be explained with a truncated inverse square law density distribution model. We obtain a C-band peak brightness temperature of about $\rm {4000\, \rm {K}}$, which assuming an electron temperature of $\rm {10^{4}}$$\rm {K}$ translates to an optical depth of $\rm {0.5}$, indicating the continuum is optically thin at C band going thick at L band. These results therefore place firm constraints on H ii region models in source E. The periodic variability of methanol masers, as seen in $\rm G 9.62$+$\rm 0.20 E$, has been explained with the pulsating star, accretion disc, and colliding wind binary models. Some models predict a hypercompact H ii region can provide pumping for methanol masers. In the colliding wind binary model context maser variability is attributed to seed photon modulation. Hence, future H ii models matching our observations could test predictions of these models in terms of the variability profiles of the $\rm {1.6 \, \rm {GHz}}$$\rm {OH}$ and $\rm {6.7 \, \rm {GHz} }$ methanol masers.
DNA polymerase zeta can efficiently replicate structures formed by AT/TA repeat sequences and prevent their deletion
Authors: Das Mili , Hile Suzanne E , Brewster Jennifer , Boer Jan Leendert , Bezalel-Buch Rachel , Guo Qiong , Yang Wei , Burgers Peter M , Eckert Kristin A , Freudenreich Catherine H
Published: December 2024

Long AT repeat tracts form non-B DNA structures that stall DNA replication and cause chromosomal breakage. AT repeats are abundant in human common fragile sites (CFSs), genomic regions that undergo breakage under replication stress. Using an in vivo yeast model system containing AT-rich repetitive elements from human CFS FRA16D, we find that DNA polymerase zeta (Pol ζ) is required to prevent breakage and subsequent deletions at hairpin and cruciform forming (AT/TA)n sequences, with little to no role at an (A/T)28 repeat or a control non-structure forming sequence. DNA polymerase eta is not protective for deletions at AT-rich structures, while DNA polymerase delta is protective, but not in a repeat-specific manner. Using purified replicative holoenzymes in vitro, we show that hairpin structures are most inhibitory to yeast DNA polymerase epsilon, whereas yeast and human Pol ζ efficiently synthesize these regions in a stepwise manner. A requirement for the Rev1 protein and the modifiable lysine 164 of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to prevent deletions at AT/TA repeats suggests a mechanism for Pol ζ recruitment. Our results reveal a novel role for Pol ζ in replicating through AT-rich hairpins and suggest a role for Pol ζ in rescue of stalled replication forks caused by DNA structures.
Phage-mediated intercellular CRISPRi for biocomputation in bacterial consortia
Authors: Pujar Abhinav , Pathania Amit , Hopper Corbin , Pandi Amir , Calderón Cristian Ruiz , Függer Matthias , Nowak Thomas , Kushwaha Manish
Published: December 2024

Coordinated actions of cells in microbial communities and multicellular organisms enable them to perform complex tasks otherwise difficult for single cells. This has inspired biological engineers to build cellular consortia for larger circuits with improved functionalities while implementing communication systems for coordination among cells. Here, we investigate the signalling dynamics of a phage-mediated synthetic DNA messaging system and couple it with CRISPR interference to build distributed circuits that perform logic gate operations in multicellular bacterial consortia. We find that growth phases of both sender and receiver cells, as well as resource competition between them, shape communication outcomes. Leveraging the easy programmability of DNA messages, we build eight orthogonal signals and demonstrate that intercellular CRISPRi (i-CRISPRi) regulates gene expression across cells. Finally, we multiplex the i-CRISPRi system to implement several multicellular logic gates that involve up to seven cells and take up to three inputs simultaneously, with single- and dual-rail encoding: NOT, YES, AND and AND-AND-NOT. The communication system developed here lays the groundwork for implementing complex biological circuits in engineered bacterial communities, using phage signals for communication.
PerR functions as a redox-sensing transcription factor regulating metal homeostasis in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Wu Pengju , Bai Ruining , Gan Qi , Yang Yunfeng , Li Haodun , Ni Jinfeng , Huang Qihong , Shen Yulong
Published: December 2024

Thermoacidophilic archaea thrive in environments with high temperatures and low pH where cells are prone to severe oxidative stress due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the oxidative stress responses have been extensively studied in bacteria and eukaryotes, the mechanisms in archaea remain largely unexplored. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, we reveal that SisPerR, the homolog of bacterial PerR in Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A, is responsible for ROS response of transcriptional regulation. We show that with H2O2 treatment and sisperR deletion, expression of genes encoding proteins predicted to be involved in cellular metal ion homeostasis regulation, Dps, NirD, VIT1/CCC1 and MntH, is significantly upregulated, while expression of ROS-scavenging enzymes remains unaffected. Conversely, the expression of these genes is repressed when SisPerR is overexpressed. Notably, the genes coding for Dps, NirD and MntH are direct targets of SisPerR. Moreover, we identified three novel residues critical for ferrous ion binding and one novel residue for zinc ion binding. In summary, this study has established that SisPerR is a repressive redox-sensing transcription factor regulating intracellular metal ion homeostasis in Sa. islandicus for oxidative stress defense. These findings have shed new light on our understanding of microbial adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.
The ATPase activity of yeast chromosome axis protein Hop1 affects the frequency of meiotic crossovers
Authors: Dhyani Kshitiza M , Dash Suman , Joshi Sameer , Garg Aditi , Pal Debnath , Nishant Koodali T , Muniyappa Kalappa
Published: December 2024

Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis-specific Hop1, a structural constituent of the synaptonemal complex, also facilitates the formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks and the pairing of homologous chromosomes. Here, we reveal a serendipitous discovery that Hop1 possesses robust DNA-independent ATPase activity, although it lacks recognizable sequence motifs required for ATP binding and hydrolysis. By leveraging molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical assays, we identified an ensemble of five amino acid residues in Hop1 that could potentially participate in ATP-binding and hydrolysis. Consistent with this premise, we found that Hop1 binds to ATP and that substitution of amino acid residues in the putative ATP-binding site significantly impaired its ATPase activity, suggesting that this activity is intrinsic to Hop1. Notably, K65A and N67Q substitutions in the Hop1 N-terminal HORMA domain synergistically abolished its ATPase activity, noticeably impaired its DNA-binding affinity and reduced its association with meiotic chromosomes, while enhancing the frequency of meiotic crossovers (COs). Overall, our study establishes Hop1 as a DNA-independent ATPase and reveals a potential biological function for its ATPase activity in the regulation of meiotic CO frequency.
Comprehensive mapping of genetic variation at Epromoters reveals pleiotropic association with multiple disease traits
Authors: Wan Jing , van Ouwerkerk Antoinette , Mouren Jean-Christophe , Heredia Carla , Pradel Lydie , Ballester Benoit , Andrau Jean-Christophe , Spicuglia Salvatore
Published: December 2024

There is growing evidence that a wide range of human diseases and physiological traits are influenced by genetic variation of cis-regulatory elements. We and others have shown that a subset of promoter elements, termed Epromoters, also function as enhancer regulators of distal genes. This opens a paradigm in the study of regulatory variants, as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Epromoters might influence the expression of several (distal) genes at the same time, which could disentangle the identification of disease-associated genes. Here, we built a comprehensive resource of human Epromoters using newly generated and publicly available high-throughput reporter assays. We showed that Epromoters display intrinsic and epigenetic features that distinguish them from typical promoters. By integrating Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) and 3D chromatin interactions, we found that regulatory variants at Epromoters are concurrently associated with more disease and physiological traits, as compared with typical promoters. To dissect the regulatory impact of Epromoter variants, we evaluated their impact on regulatory activity by analyzing allelic-specific high-throughput reporter assays and provided reliable examples of pleiotropic Epromoters. In summary, our study represents a comprehensive resource of regulatory variants supporting the pleiotropic role of Epromoters.
Patients with membranous lupus nephritis form two clusters with different prognoses
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Xiang Wang , Wang Yiqin , Yu Jianwen , Wang Xin , Ye Hongjian , Wu Haishan , Tang Ruihan , Xia Xi , Chen Wei
Published: December 2024

Background and hypothesis

Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) traditionally includes class V (alone), and may be associated with other classes (III or IV). The clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic relevance of the classification remains controversial.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 412 MLN patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University was followed for a median of 65.68 (interquartile range 23.13–131.70) months. The primary outcomes were adverse renal events including all-cause death and ESRD. Phenotypes were identified and validated using unsupervised clustering analysis (K-means), principal component analysis and decision tree analysis.

Results

Distinct clinical and pathological differences were noted between the traditional class IV + V and classes V + III and V, while class V + III and class V exhibited high similarities in clinical features and prognosis (P = 0.074). K-means clustering revealed high-risk (n = 180) and low-risk (n = 232) groups, with significant differences in adverse renal outcomes (9.2% vs 4.1%, P < 0.001). To recognize the high-risk profile of MLN patients, a decision tree based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, traditional classification, and activity index of renal biopsy accurately clustered patients in the development (95.8% accuracy) and validation (87.1% accuracy) cohorts.

Conclusions

Two novel phenotypic clusters, more predictive than traditional classifications, enhance high-risk profile identification and prognostic accuracy.
Identifying the sources of mercury exposure in dental workers
Authors: Chuthong W , Trakulsrichai S , Sirinara P
Published: December 2024

Dental professionals who handle dental amalgam are at risk of mercury exposure, though the prevalence and severity of elevated mercury levels from non-occupational sources are not well characterized. We report two dental workers who had elevated urinary mercury levels (37 and 25.6 mcg/L) during routine health screenings. Their previous mercury tests were normal, and no symptoms or abnormal findings were identified on clinical examination. Mercury exposure in these two workers occurred both occupationally through amalgam contact and non-occupationally via unregulated facial creams and seafood consumption. Their urine mercury levels normalized within 2 months after transitioning to amalgam-free roles and discontinuing the use of the facial products. No chelation or medication was administered in these cases. The identified primary source was inorganic mercury from unregistered facial creams, with levels measuring 18 302.17 and 6221.53 mcg/g surpassing the Thai regulation’s maximum limit of zero.
Early employment after childbirth: a cross-sectional analysis using data from a national maternity survey in England
Authors: Wyatt Rose , Fellmeth Gracia , Quigley Maria A , Alderdice Fiona , Harrison Sian
Published: December 2024

Background

Participation in paid work after childbirth may have important health and socioeconomic impacts on women and their families. We investigated women's employment patterns at six months postpartum and the factors that influence them.

Methods

Using data from a 2018 population-based national maternity survey in England, employment status at six months postpartum was assessed. Logistic regression was used to explore sociodemographic and pregnancy- and birth-related factors associated with being in paid work by six months postpartum. Descriptive analysis was used to explore employment characteristics and motivations of women in paid work.

Results

Of the 4313 participants included, 7.7% were in paid work by six months postpartum. Factors associated with being in paid work were age ≥35 years [(adjusted odd ratios (aOR):1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.02–1.84], not living with a partner (aOR:0.50, 95%CI:0.28–0.90), and pre-term birth (aOR:0.38, 95%CI:0.20–0.69). The most frequently reported motivation was financial need (76%), followed by wanting to work (41%). Financial need was associated with younger age, living in a more socioeconomically disadvantaged area, not living with a partner, and lower education level.

Conclusion

Postpartum employment patterns and motivations for working vary according to sociodemographic characteristics. These findings have important implications for parental leave and childcare policies, which should be equitable across different groups.
Local conditions have greater influence than provenance on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) frost hardiness at its northern range limit
Authors: Mura Claudio , Charrier Guillaume , Buttò Valentina , Delagrange Sylvain , Surget-Groba Yann , Raymond Patricia , Rossi Sergio , Deslauriers Annie
Published: December 2024

In temperate and boreal ecosystems, trees undergo dormancy to avoid cold temperatures during the unfavorable season. This phase includes changes in frost hardiness, which is minimal during the growing season and reaches its maximum in winter. Quantifying frost hardiness is important to assess the frost risk and shifts of species distribution under a changing climate. We investigate the effect of local conditions and intra-specific variation on frost hardiness in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Seedlings belonging to seven provenances from the northern area of the species’ range were planted at two sites in Quebec, Canada. LT50, i.e. the lethal temperature for 50% of the cells, was measured monthly with the relative electrolyte leakage method on branches and buds from September 2021 to July 2022. LT50 varied between −4 °C in summer (July) and −68 °C in winter (February). Autumnal acclimation rates (September to early December) and mid-winter frost hardiness (December to early March) were similar in both sites. Samples in the southern site deacclimated faster than in the northern site between March and July because of a warmer and earlier spring. No difference in frost hardiness was detected between provenances. Our results suggest that the frost hardiness trait is similar within the northern part of the sugar maple distribution, with local weather conditions having a greater influence than provenance. We demonstrate that LT50 in sugar maple can exceed −55 °C, far below the minimum temperatures occurring in winter at the northern limit of the species. In order to minimize the risk of damage from extreme frost events exceeding tree frost hardiness, a careful evaluation of site characteristics is more important than provenance selection. Other factors should also be considered within the context of changing climate, in particular, the phenology of maple and avoidance of late frost in spring.
Effects of Age on the Bone-Conduction Amplitude-Modulated cVEMP Temporal Modulation Transfer Function
Authors: Jha Raghav H. , Piker Erin G. , Clinard Christopher G.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) reflect saccular stimulation that results in an inhibitory muscle reflex recorded over the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These responses are utilized to study basic vestibular functions and are also applied clinically. Traditionally, cVEMPs have utilized transient stimuli such as clicks and tonebursts to evoke onset responses. Recently, amplitude-modulated tones have been used to elicit cVEMPs (AMcVEMPs). These AMcVEMP responses can provide information about the magnitude, phase synchrony, and nonlinearities from the vestibulo-collic reflexes that cannot be captured using other existing testing techniques. Although temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) of AMcVEMPs for young, healthy adults have been established using different analysis techniques, there is currently no information regarding the effects of age on these responses. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the effects of age on AMcVEMPs across a broad range of modulation frequencies (MFs) using various AMcVEMP metrics including amplitude, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and phase coherence (PC).

Design:

The study included 16 (aged 20 to 39 years) young, 17 (aged 40 to 59 years) mid-age, and 16 (60 to 75 years) older adults with no history of neurological, vestibular, or middle-ear complaints. The stimuli consisted of amplitude-modulated tones with a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and 10 MFs ranging from 11 to 397 Hz. These stimuli were presented using a B81 transducer at 123 dB FL. AMcVEMPs were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (ipsilateral to the stimulating mastoid) using surface electrodes. Response analysis was performed using an FFT-based approach with analyses including amplitude, SNR, and PC.

Results:

AMcVEMP waveforms exhibited periodicity corresponding to the stimulus MF, consistent with previous observations. Furthermore, significant age-related degradation in AMcVEMP amplitude, SNR, and PC measures were observed across a broad range of MFs. While AMcVEMPs were elicited across a wide range of MFs (11 to 263 Hz) for young adults, in mid-age and older adults, these metrics were robust only across a narrower range of MFs, resulting in a reduced TMTF. In addition, the MF eliciting the most robust AMcVEMP varied across different AMcVEMP analysis metrics and age groups.

Conclusions:

A significant decline in the AMcVEMP response is seen as an effect of aging; however, the effect of aging is not uniform across measures or across MFs. The TMTF of AMcVEMP gets flatter, and the overall range is reduced as an effect of aging. Results from this study enhance our understanding of age-related changes in the vestibular system. Expansion of AMcVEMP to clinical populations may lead to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of vestibular disorders.
Higher Versus Lower Protein Delivery in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis
Authors: Heuts Samuel , Lee Zheng-Yii , Lew Charles Chin Han , Bels Julia L. M. , Gabrio Andrea , Kawczynski Michal J. , Heyland Daren K. , Summers Matthew J. , Deane Adam M. , Mesotten Dieter , Chapple Lee-anne S. , Stoppe Christian , van de Poll Marcel C. G.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Recent multicenter trials suggest that higher protein delivery may result in worse outcomes in critically ill patients, but uncertainty remains. An updated Bayesian meta-analysis of recent evidence was conducted to estimate the probabilities of beneficial and harmful treatment effects.

Data Sources:

An updated systematic search was performed in three databases until September 4, 2024. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines and the protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42024546387).

Study Selection:

Randomized controlled trials that studied adult critically ill patients comparing protein doses delivered enterally and/or parenterally with similar energy delivery between groups were included.

Data Extraction:

Data extraction was performed by two authors independently, using a predefined worksheet. The primary outcome was mortality. Posterior probabilities of any benefit (relative risk [RR] < 1.00) or harm (RR > 1.00) and other important beneficial and harmful effect size thresholds were estimated. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the risk of bias 2.0 tool. All analyses were performed using a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models, under vague priors.

Data Synthesis:

Twenty-two randomized trials (n = 4164 patients) were included. The mean protein delivery in the higher and lower protein groups was 1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 g/kg/d. The median RR for mortality was 1.01 (95% credible interval, 0.84–1.16). The posterior probability of any mortality benefit from higher protein delivery was 43.6%, while the probability of any harm was 56.4%. The probabilities of a 1% (RR < 0.99) and 5% (RR < 0.95) mortality reduction by higher protein delivery were 38.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Conversely, the probabilities of a 1% (RR > 1.01) and 5% (RR > 1.05) mortality increase were 51.5% and 32.4%, respectively.

Conclusions:

There is a considerable probability of an increased mortality risk with higher protein delivery in critically ill patients, although a clinically beneficial effect cannot be completely eliminated based on the current data.
Prevalence and impact of vasomotor symptoms due to menopause among women in Canada: A subgroup analysis from an international cross-sectional survey of Women with Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause (WARM Study)
Authors: Yuksel Nese , Todorova Lora , Scrine Ludmila , Rea Carol , Bouchard Céline
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the impact of VMS and related treatment patterns among perimenopausal and postmenopausal Canadian women.

Methods

A subgroup analysis of data from a cross-sectional online survey of women aged 40-65 years conducted November 4, 2021, through January 17, 2022, evaluated the prevalence of moderate/severe VMS among postmenopausal Canadian women. The analysis also assessed survey responses from perimenopausal and postmenopausal Canadian women with moderate/severe VMS who completed the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbances-Short Form 8b and answered questions about treatment patterns and attitudes toward treatments.

Results

Of 2,456 Canadian postmenopausal women, 360 (14.7%; primary analysis) reported moderate/severe VMS in the previous month. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with moderate/severe VMS (n = 400; secondary analysis) reported negative impact on overall quality of life (mean total Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire score: 4.3/8). VMS impaired overall work and daily activities by 30.2% and 35.7%, respectively. Overall mean (SD) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance-Short Form 8b score (scale 8-40) was 28.5 (6.9), confirming sleep disturbances in this population. The majority of women (88% of the total cohort) sought advice, but about half were never treated. Most women had positive or neutral attitudes toward menopause.

Conclusions

In a survey conducted in Canada, moderate/severe VMS were reported by 14.7% of postmenopausal women and were associated with impairment in quality of life, work productivity, daily activities, and sleep in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.