bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficiência dos gastos municipais em educação no Ceará
Authors: Monte Meiry Mesquita , Leopoldino Cláudio Bezerra
Published: October 2017

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos gastos em educação realizados pelos municípios cearenses no exercício 2015. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia Análise Envoltória de Dados – DEA, orientada a resultados e com retornos variáveis de escala. Como insumos, os valores de investimento por aluno matriculado e, como resultados, as notas IDEB. A amostra foi composta por 176 dos 184 municípios cearenses. Os resultados evidenciaram um nível baixo de eficiência, com valor médio de 0,830 em uma escala que varia entre 0 e 1. Apenas três municípios foram considerados eficientes. Cerca de 77% das DMUs atingiu índices compatíveis com ineficiência moderada. Foi constatada tendência de aumento da eficiência conforme o aumento da população. Não houve confirmação de relação positiva entre aumento da eficiência e montante de recursos investido. Conclui-se que os municípios cearenses possuem, em regra, uma margem considerável de melhoria, sendo imperioso repensar a alocação dos recursos disponíveis.
Processos de gestão do conhecimento no ensino superior: estudo em uma universidade de Santa Catarina
Authors: Vieira Carla de Cássia Nardelli , Padilha Carolina Klein , Machado Denise Del Prá Netto , Carvalho Luciano De Castro
Published: October 2017

Este estudo buscou analisar a percepção dos colaboradores de uma instituição de ensino superior quanto à eficácia dos processos de gestão do conhecimento em níveis individual, do grupo e organizacional. Realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva transversal, do tipo survey. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário fechado, elaborado e validado conforme estudo de Sabherwal e Becerra-Fernandez (2003). Para a análise dos dados empregou-se estatística e modelagem de equações estruturais. Percebeu-se que na dimensão ontológica a percepção de aprendizagem é originada em nível individual, transferida para o grupo e para a organização. Na dimensão epistemológica a espiral do conhecimento é iniciada com a conversão de conhecimento tácito pela socialização e externalização. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento é gerado e socializado nos níveis de aprendizagem.
Determinantes sociais e pedagógicos das notas do IDEB
Authors: Lourenço Rosenery Loureiro , Nascimento João Carlos Hipólito Bernardes , Sauerbronn Fernanda Filgueiras , Macedo Marcelo Alvaro da Silva
Published: October 2017

Este estudo buscou verificar se os municípios brasileiros, caracterizados pelo IDEB, podem ser diferenciados por aspectos sociais, econômico-financeiros, de controle social, e aspectos pedagógicos e estruturais. Por meio técnica estatística de Regressão Logística Multinomial, analisou-se 5319 municípios no período de 2009 a 2013. Os resultados revelam que aspectos sociais e pedagógicos são determinantes para a probabilidade de obtenção de notas regulares ou boas no IDEB 2013. Os resultados demonstraram que municípios pertencentes a Estados com maior concentração de riqueza, com menor acesso ao conhecimento e baixa expectativa de vida têm um incremento relevante na probabilidade de obtenção de notas ruins no IDEB. A pesquisa contribui com evidências de que fatores contextuais, contingenciais e locais, inclusive àqueles relacionados às condições familiares e habitacionais, exercem maior impacto sobre o desempenho escolar do que fatores relacionados à gastos públicos com educação básica.
Cut it out!
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: October 2017

It takes a lot of practise for children to hold and operate scissors effectively and here Judith Harries provides a wealth of simple ideas that will build manual dexterity and extend confidence.
The surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries
Authors: Boffano Michele , Mortera Stefano , Wafa Hazem , Piana Raimondo
Published: October 2017

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are common, but their incidence is probably underestimated. As the treatment of some sub-types is still debated, we reviewed the available literature to obtain an overview of current management. We analysed the literature using the PubMed search engine. There is consensus on the treatment of Rockwood type I and type II lesions and for high-grade injuries of types IV, V and VI. The treatment of type III injuries remains controversial, as none of the studies has proven a significant benefit of one procedure when compared with another. Several approaches can be considered in reaching a valid solution for treating ACJ lesions. The final outcome is affected by both vertical and horizontal post-operative ACJ stability. Synthetic devices, positioned using early open or arthroscopic procedures, are the main choice for young people. Type III injuries should be managed surgically only in cases with high-demand sporting or working activities.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:432–437. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160085.
Increasing the Regional Economic Groth through Small and Medium Entreprises
Authors: Riwayati Hedwigis Esti
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to analyze the influence of regional revenue, capital expenditures, labor and small and medium enterprises towards the regional economic growth in the Regencies in Sulawesi Island. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. Based on the results of the panel data analysis using EViews 8.0 program processing tools, the results indicate that in partial local revenue, capital expenditures, labor, small and medium enterprises have significant positive effect on regional economic growth in the Regency/City of the island of Sulawesi. Another Â conclusion Â ofÂ  the Â results Â in Â this Â research Â are Â feasible Â estimated regression model is used to explain the economic growth of the Regency/City of the island of Sulawesi.
ANALISIS FORMAL DAN INFORMAL FISIK PERMUKIMAN TEPIAN SUNGAI KAHAYAN KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Hamidah Noor , Rijanta R , Setiawan Bakti , Marfai Muh. Aris
Published: October 2017

Most of the settlement in Indonesia are located along big river. Kampung  Pahandut is one of riverside settlement, thatis to observe in this research. Kampung Pahandut is a first settlement before growth to urban area. Kampung Pahandut is a source of life and ease to access of transport between regions. Research of settlement integration is one of alternative to solve of settlement problem in Indonesia. Settlement consist of: (1) nature; (2) shell/house; (3) network; (4) man; and (5) community. This research only focus on analysis of physical integration (1) nature; (2) shell/house; and (3) network especially natural settlement with the unique of riverside architecture. The objective of this research was to explore the pattern of settlements as an adaptation to the physical environment riverside area and to analyses the physical, economic and social apart of integration of urban riverside settlement. Research method used a combination (mix-used method) based on field observation and quesioner with 50 sample representated on one villages of Pahandut. The results showed there are threevariables that affect to riverside settlement, namely: (1) nature; (2) settlement; and (3) network.. The three variable of the settlement pattern support settlements in those areas riverside towards sustainable development through to riverside area.
Microstructure and Plastic Properties of Mg-Li Alloys Smelted in Vacuum Induction Furnaces after Hot Working
Authors: Hadasik E. , Kuc D. , Mikuszewski T. , Schindler I.
Published: October 2017

The paper analyses the characteristics of plasticity and microstructure of magnesium alloys with lithium meant for hot plastic working with different lithium content. The alloys were prepared in conditions of vacuum smelting. Achieved ingots were subject to hot extrusion. Tests on Gleeble simulator were conducted to assess the susceptibility of tested alloys to plastic forming in conditions of hot plastic working. For tested alloy the activation energy was marked for hot plastic deformation and plasticity characteristics in function of Zener-Hollomon parameter. After the analysis of the influence of temperature on the deformability of tested alloys it was stated that the alloy containing 8%Li (LAZ831) has better susceptibility to plastic treatment than alloy containing 4%Li (LAZ431), but higher than in case of classic magnesium alloys - AZ31.
Control over the Biological Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles by Selection of the Specific Algal Species
Authors: Sedlakova-Kadukova J. , Velgosova O. , Vosatka M. , Lukavsky J. , Dodd J. , Willner J. , Fornalczyk A.
Published: October 2017

The application of green synthesis in the nano-science and technology is of great importance in the area of the preparation of various materials. In this work, three selected algal species Parachlorella kessleri, Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and Desmodesmus quadricauda were successfully used for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Presence of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. AgNPs produced by P. kessleri had narrow size distribution and average sizes of 7.6 nm. However, nanoparticle production lasted for long time. Nanoparticle formation by D. chlorelloides was the fastest, although, their average sizes were 23.4 nm with broad size distribution. Nanoparticles produced by D. quadricauda had average sizes 23.9 nm but they were the least stable, aggregated and precipitated from solutions within 3 days. These results confirmed that the size distribution and mean diameter of the nanoparticles, crucial for various applications, can be controlled by the organism selection.
3D Model Studies on the Effect of Bed and Powder Type Upon Radial Static Pressure and Powder Distribution in Metallurgical Shaft Furnaces
Authors: Panic B.
Published: October 2017

The flow of gases in metallurgical shaft furnaces has a decisive influence on the course and process efficiency. Radial changes in porosity of the bed cause uneven flow of gas along the radius of the reactor, which sometimes is deliberate and intentional. However, holdup of solid particles in descending packed beds of metallurgical shaft furnaces can lead to unintentional changes in porosity of the bed along the radial reactor. Unintentional changes in porosity often disrupt the flow of gas causing poor performance of the furnace. Such disruptions of flow may occur in the blast furnace due to high level of powder content in gas caused by large amount of coal dust/powder insufflated as fuel substitute. The paper describes the model test results of radial distribution of static pressure and powder hold up within metallurgical reactor. The measurements were carried out with the use of 3D physical model of two-phase flow gas-powder in the moving (descending) packed bed. Sinter or blast furnace pellets were used as packed bed while carbon powder or iron powder were used as the powder. Wide diversity within both static pressure distribution and powder distribution along the radius of the reactor were observed once the change in the type of powder occurred.
Physical Modelling of Tundish Slag Entrainment under Various Technological Conditions
Authors: Michalek K. , Gryc K. , Socha L. , Tkadlečková M. , Saternus M. , Pieprzyca J. , Merder T. , Pindor L.
Published: October 2017

This paper deals with the issue of physical modelling of vortexes creation and tundish slag entrainment over the mouth of the nozzle into the individual casting strands. Proper physical model is equivalent to the operational continuous casting machine No. 2 in TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a.s. Physical modelling methodology and simulated operational conditions are shortly described. Physical modelling was used for the evaluation of current conditions of steel casting at the application of different impact pads in the tundish. Further, laboratory measurement on the physical model aiming the determination of exact critical periods of vortexes creation and study of the slag entrainment as a consequence of changes in surface level during the tundish refilling to standard level were realised. The obtained results were analysed and discussed.
Properties and Structure of Nanocrystalline Layers Obtained by Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMA)
Authors: Górka J. , Czupryński A. , Adamiak M.
Published: October 2017

The present paper is the result of the investigations of the properties and structure of nanocrystalline layers deposited from iron-based nanoalloy on steel S355N substrate by manual metal arc welding method (MMA). In the process of welding a 100 A current intensity was used with desiccation preheating at 80°C while maintaining the interpass temperature at range of 200°C. The resultant deposit welds were subjected to macro and microscopic metallographic examination, X-ray phase analyses and crystallite size was analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), additionally EDX chemical composition analysis of precipitates during scanning electron microscopy was performed. Working properties of the obtained nanocrystalline deposit welds were evaluated based on hardness and metal-to-mineral abrasive wear. The results of the deposit welds working properties measurements were compared with the properties of wear resistant steel HARDOX 400 type used as the reference material.
Electrorefining of High Carbon Ferromanganese in Molten Salts to Produce Pure Ferromanganese
Authors: Xiao S. J. , Liu W. , Gao L. , Zhang J.
Published: October 2017

High carbon ferromanganese is used as a starting material to prepare pure ferromanganese by electrorefining in molten salts. High carbon ferromanganese was applied as the anode, molybdenum was the cathode and Ag/AgCl was the reference electrode. The anodic dissolution was investigated by linear polarization in molten NaCl-KCl system. Then potentiostatic electrolysis was carried out to produce pure ferromanganese from high carbon ferromanganese. The cathodic product was determined to be a mixture of manganese and iron by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The content of carbon in the product was analyzed by carbon and sulfur analyzer. The post-electrolysis anode was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanism of the anode dissolution and the distribution of the main impurity of carbon and silicon after electrolysis were discussed.
Factors Affecting the Wear Resistance of Forging Tools
Authors: Zwierzchowski M.
Published: October 2017

The durability of forging tools is a function of many variables: tool heat treatment, surface quality, temperature, pressure, number of forgings, diffusion layers (nitriding) and many others. The objective of study was to analyze and compare the working conditions of forging tools. For the analysis of selected flat surfaces of tools. Analyzed forging dies subjected to normal use. Presented results of laboratory tests . The effect of temperature and time on the properties of the surface layer of forging tools. The results were compared with the literature data. This article shows the results of microhardness tests for forging dies which have forged the corresponding number of forgings. The results of laboratory studies on microhardness of hot working steel 1.2344 in the furnace at various temperatures and time are also presented. The working conditions of the forging tools are very complex. The most often described in the literature are: thermal fatigue, abrasive wear, mechanical fatigue and cracks. The article discusses the effects of increased temperature on the surface properties of forging tools. Forging dies were made of hot work tool steel 1.2344. FEM modeling of changes in the surface layer should take into account changes in tool hardness as a function of time (number of forgings).
Behavior of Steel Branch Connections during Fatigue Loading
Authors: Sládek A. , Patek M. , Mičian M.
Published: October 2017

Fatigue behavior of the branch connection made of low-alloyed steel with yield stress of 355 MPa during low-cycle bending test is investigated in the article. Numerical prediction of the stress and strain distribution are described and experimentally verified by fatigue test of the branch connection sample. Experimental verification is based on low-cycle bending testing of the steel pipes welded by manual metal arc process and loaded by external force in the appropriate distance. Stresses and displacement of the samples induced by bending moment were measured by unidirectional strain gauges and displacement transducers. Samples were loaded in different testing levels according to required stress for 2.106 cycles. Increase of the stress value was applied until the crack formation and growth was observed. Results showed a high agreement of numerical and experimental results of stress and displacement.
The Influence of the Structure on the Fatigue Properties of Al-Mg Cast Alloy
Authors: Uhríčik M. , Palček P. , Chalupová M. , Oravcová M. , Frkáň M.
Published: October 2017

The article will be focused on monitoring the influence of the structure on the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys for the casting of type Al-Mg. As an experimental material were used aluminium alloys EN AC 51200 and EN AC 51500, supplied in a cast state without a heat treatment. They were produced by the continuous casting method. These alloys were selected on the basis of the chemical composition, where the content of most alloying elements is comparable, only in the case of the concentration of magnesium are these alloys significantly different. Fatigue properties of aluminium alloys were tested by three-point bending cyclic loading. The fracture surface of the testing sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where samples were observed on various stages of the fatigue process, their characteristics and differences of fracture surfaces.
The Effect of Additive “B” on the Properties of CO2-Hardened Foundry Sands with Hydrated Sodium Silicate
Authors: Kamińska J. , Angrecki M. , Palma A. , Jakubski J. , Wildhirt E.
Published: October 2017

The results of own studies concerning the application of a new additive to the CO2-hardened sodium water glass foundry sands are presented. The new additive, which is a composition of aqueous solutions of modified polyalcohols, has been designated by the symbol “B” and is used as an agent improving the sand knocking out properties. The scope of studies included various mechanical and technological properties of foundry sand mixtures, such as permeability, friability, life cycle of cores and knocking out properties. Two types of water glass with different values of the silica modulus and density, designated as R145 and R150, were tested. Moulding sands used in the tests were made with the additive “B”. For comparison, a reference sand mixture with water glass but without the additive “B” was also prepared.
Preparation and Evaluation of Properties of Cast Metallic Foams with Regular Inner Structure
Authors: Lichý P. , Elbel T. , Kroupová I. , Radkovský F.
Published: October 2017

Lately we encounter still more new applications of metallic foams, as well as possible methods of their manufacture. These metallic materials have specific properties, such as large rigidity at low density, in some cases high thermal conductivity, capability to absorb energy, etc. The work is focused on the preparation of these materials using conventional casting technology, which ensures rapid and economically feasible method for production of shaped components. In the experimental part we studied conditions of casting of metallic foams with a regular structure made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. For thus obtained castings we evaluated the achieved microstructure and mechanical properties, which determine the possible use of these materials. The samples were subjected to compression tests, by which we investigated deformation behaviour of selected materials and determined the value of energy absorption.
Impact Toughness of Steel WMD After TIG Welding
Authors: Węgrzyn T. , Piwnik J. , Stanik Z. , Węgrzyn D. , Sieteski D.
Published: October 2017

The material selected for this investigation was low alloy weld metal deposit after TIG welding with various amount of oxygen in weld metal deposit (WMD). After TIG process it is difficult to get proper amount of oxygen in WMD on the level much lower than 350 ppm. The highest impact toughness of low alloy WMD corresponds with the amount of oxygen in WMD above 350 ppm. In the paper focuses on low alloy steel after innovate welding method with micro-jet cooling that could be treated as a chance on rising amount of oxygen in weld. Weld metal deposit (WMD) was carried out for TIG welding with micro-jet cooling with various amount of oxygen in WMD. In that paper various gas mixtures (gas mixtures Ar-O2and Ar-CO2) were tested for micro-jet cooling after TIG welding. An important role in the interpretation of the results can give methods of artificial intelligence.
Application of Ammoniacal Solutions for Leaching and Electrochemical Dissolution of Metals from Alloys Produced from Low-Grade E-Scrap
Authors: Rudnik E.
Published: October 2017

Paper reports results of the research on the application of ammoniacal solutions (sulfate, chloride, carbonate) for hydrometallurgical treatment of smelted low-grade e-waste. Two Cu-Zn-Sn-Ag-Pb alloys were analyzed in details and discussed. Leaching of copper from the alloys was slow in sulfate solution, but the dissolution rate decreased in chloride and carbonate baths. Anodic alloys dissolution was uniform in sulfate and carbonate electrolytes, but high degradation of the material was observed in chloride bath. Chemical and phase composition of slimes and cathodic deposits produced during electrolysis were characterized. In all cases, separation of copper from other metals was found, but efficiencies of the processes were low.
The Precipitation Processes and Mechanical Properties of Aged Inconel 718 Alloy After Annealing
Authors: Maj P. , Adamczyk-Cieslak B. , Slesik M. , Mizera J. , Pieja T. , Sieniawski J. , Gancarczyk T. , Dudek S.
Published: October 2017

Inconel 718 is a precipitation hardenable nickel-iron based superalloy. It has exceptionally high strength and ductility compared to other metallic materials. This is due to intense precipitation of the γ’ and γ” strengthening phases in the temperature range 650-850°C. The main purpose of the authors was to analyze the aging process in Inconel 718 obtained in accordance with AMS 5596, and its effect on the mechanical properties. Tensile and hardness tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties, in the initial aging process and after reheating, as a function of temperature and time respectively in the ranges 650°-900°C and 5-480 min. In addition, to link the mechanical properties with the microstructure transmission microscopy observations were carried out in selected specimens. As a result, factors influencing the microstructure changes at various stages of strengthening were observed. The authors found that the γ’’ phase nucleates mostly homogenously in the temperature range 650-750°C, causing the greatest increase in strength. On the other hand, the γ’ and δ phases are formed heterogeneously at 850°C or after longer annealing in 800°C, which may weaken the material.
The Effect of Nanometric α-Al2O3 Addition on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Feal Alloys Fabricated by Lens Technique
Authors: Łazińska M. , Durejko T. , Polkowski W.
Published: October 2017

Results of the first principle study on a fabrication of FeAl intermetallic based alloy with an addition of nanometric αAl2O3(n-Al2O3) particles by the LENS method and a subsequent characterization of the as received materials’ structure and properties, are shown in the present work. A series of samples were manufactured using LENS technique while a control of temperature and the size of melted metal pool. The presence of ceramics nanoparticles was not directly confirmed by microscopy observations. Neither aluminum nor oxygen content was not elevated in the material with n-Al2O3content. Although, indirect methods revealed influence of n-Al2O3addition on the manufactured elements structure. Analyses of porosity has shown that addition of 2% vol. n-Al2O3significantly decreases this feature (~1%), as compared to the reference material made of pure FeAl intermetallic alloy (~5%). The addition of n-Al2O3causes an increase of grain size in Fe40Al intermetallic alloy. An oxidation resistance has been also improved what was associated to the n-Al2O3addition. Four times lower increase of samples mass was noticed for sample with the n-Al2O3addition as compared to the pure Fe40Al intermetallic alloy.
Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Coating on AISI 316 Stainless Steel by Thermo-Diffusion Method
Authors: Akbarzadeh M. , Zandrahimi M. , Moradpour E.
Published: October 2017

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most widely used solid lubricants applied in different ways on the surfaces under friction. In this work, AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was coated with MoS2, using thermo-diffusion method at different temperatures and times. Coatings properties were investigated using SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR, Hardness Tester and Roughness tester. The results illustrated the formation of a uniform layer on the surface, containing MoS2and MoO3-Xphases. The thickness, grain size and the hardness of the coatings were 20-50 μm, 400-1000 nm and 350- 550 HV respectively. Friction tests carried out using ball-on-disc method under normal loads of 10 N under ambient conditions showed values of the friction coefficient 0.30-0.40. In addition, the kinetics of diffusion layers between the substrate and the coating were also investigated. It was found that there at steady temperature there is a parabolic relationship between the thickness of the diffusion layer and the treatment time. The activation energy for the process was estimated to be 143 kJ mol−1. Depending on the treatment time and temperature, the thicknesses of diffusion layer varied between 0.5 and 2.5 microns.
An Analysis of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties on Friction Stir Welded Joint of Dissimilar 304 Stainless Steel and Commercially Pure Aluminium
Authors: Balamagendiravarman M. , Kundu S. , Chatterjee S.
Published: October 2017

In this study, friction stir welding of dissimilar 304 stainless steel and commercially pure aluminium was performed under the following condition of tool rotational speed 1000 rpm, traverse speed 60 mm/min and tool tilt angle 2 degree. Microstructural characterisation was carried out by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optical images shows that the microstructural change is very minimum in steel side when compared to aluminium side due to the difference in mechanical and thermal properties. The intermetallic compound Al3Fe was observed at the interfacial region and stir region of the welded joint. The maximum ultimate tensile strength is 78% of commercially pure aluminium base metal. Microhardness profile was measured across the weld interface and the maximum value reaches at the stir zone due to the formation of intermettalics.
Characterization of Case Hardened AISI 4130 Steel Using Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Gukendran R. , Parameshwaran R. , Ponappa K.
Published: October 2017

Casting is the manufacturing process of pouring the hot liquiduos state metal in to the mold cavity and then allowed it to solidify to obtain the final casting. There are many defects are found in the casting components during the inspection. Some defects are tolerated while others are required to repair. Otherwise the casting component is to be eliminated due to the poor quality level. The aim of the non-destructive inspection is to determine, the flaws, discontinuities on the material, and characteristics of the material. Based on the results by non-destructive evaluation the personnel take the decision on the material object is to be accepted or not as per the criteria. In this paper the hardness attribute of the case hardened AISI 4130 steel samples are studied using Vickers Hardness test. Then the hardness property is correlated with the Eddy Current Testing method. According to the acceptance criterion the suitability of the material is analyzed for the corresponding application or not. In this paper Eddy Current Testing response is analyzed for the AISI 4130 samples to determine the mechanical properties of the material. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the effect of the hardness property of the casting material during various case depth obtained via case hardening process. This technique is effective and best practice for the heat treatment shop floors. By this technique the results are investigated based on the cracks and microstructure of the casting material.
Simulation of Air Entrapment and Resin Curing During Manufacturing of Composite Cab Front by Resin Transfer Moulding Process
Authors: Kuppusamy Raghu Raja Pandiyan , Neogi S.
Published: October 2017

Mould filling and subsequent curing are the significant processing stages involved in the production of a composite component through Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) fabrication technique. Dry spot formation and air entrapment during filling stage caused by improper design of filling conditions and locations that lead to undesired filling patterns resulting in defective RTM parts. Proper placement of inlet ports and exit vents as well as by adjustment of filling conditions can alleviate the problems during the mould filling stage. The temperature profile used to polymerize the resin must be carefully chosen to reduce the cure time. Instead of trial and error methods that are expensive, time consuming, and non-optimal, we propose a simulation-based optimization strategy for a composite cab front component to reduce the air entrapment and cure stage optimization. In order to be effective, the optimization strategy requires an accurate simulation of the process utilizing submodels to describe the raw material characteristics. Cure reaction kinetics and chemo-rheology were the submodels developed empirically for an unsaturated polyester resin using experimental data. The simulations were performed using commercial software PAM RTM 2008, developed by ESI Technologies. Simulation results show that the use of increase in injection pressure at the inlet filling conditions greatly reduce the air entrapped. For the cab front, the alteration of injection pressure with proper timing of vent opening reduced the air entrapped during mould filling stage. Similarly, the curing simulation results show that the use of higher mould temperatures effectively decreases the cure time as expected.
Parameter Characterization in Processing of Silver – Aluminum Based Electrical Contact Materials
Authors: Kumar S. Praveen , Parameshwaran R. , Ananthi A. , Sam J. Jenil Jaba
Published: October 2017

An electrical contractor is one which plays significant role in day todays life in industries as well as in home appliances. In current scenario the materials for conducting purpose has an overwhelming research capability. Now a day the silver based electrical contact composite material have provided the potential applications in aerospace and automobile industries. Among silver based contact material the silver cadmium oxide and silver tin oxide plays a vital role in fabrication of electrical contactors. In this research an attempt has been made to study the influence of adding Aluminum with silver based electrical contact composite materials by two different processing routes namely stir-casting and powder metallurgy. Silver and aluminum matrix plays a virtual role in composite world owing to their highest conductivity. Optimum parameters were identified for attaining the maximum properties such as conductivity, hardness, density, and porosity of composition. By this better conducting property and mechanical property of the electrical contact can be improved by this system. Thus a screening test has be conducted with addition of Al with silver tin oxide compositions hence this paper aims to process the aluminum - silver based electrical contact materials by stir casting processing and powder metallurgy route and compare the results obtained.
Optimization of Packing Density of M30 Concrete With Steel Slag As Coarse Aggregate Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Arivoli M. , Malathy R.
Published: October 2017

Concrete plays a vital role in the design and construction of the infrastructure. To meet the global demand of concrete in future, it is becoming a challenging task to find suitable alternatives to natural aggregates. Steel slag is a by-product of steel making process. The steel slag aggregates are characterized by studying particle size and shape, physical and chemical properties, and mechanical properties as per IS: 2386-1963. The characterization study reveals the better performance of steel slag aggregate over natural coarse aggregate. M30 grade of concrete is designed and natural coarse aggregate is completely replaced by steel slag aggregate. Packing density of aggregates affects the characteristics of concrete. The present paper proposes a fuzzy system for concrete mix proportioning which increases the packing density. The proposed fuzzy system have four sub fuzzy system to arrive compressive strength, water cement ratio, ideal grading curve and free water content for concrete mix proportioning. The results show, the concrete mix proportion of the given fuzzy model agrees with IS method. The comparison of results shows that both proposed fuzzy system and IS method, there is a remarkable increase in compressive strength and bulk density, with increment in the percentage replacement of steel slag.
Deflection of Steel Reinforced Concrete Beam Prestressed With CFRP Bar
Authors: Selvachandran P. , Anandakumar S. , Muthuramu K.L.
Published: October 2017

Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars are weak in yielding property which results in sudden failure of structure at failure load. Inclusion of non-pretensioned steel reinforcement in the tension side of CFRP based prestressed concrete beam will balance the yielding requirements of member and it will show the definite crack failure pattern before failure. Experimental investigation has been carried out to study the deflection behavior of partially prestressed beam. Experimental works includes four beam specimens stressed by varying degree of prestressing. The Partial Prestressing Ratio (PPR) of specimen is considered for experimental works in the range of 0.6 to 0.8. A new deflection model is recommended in the present study considering the strain contribution of CFRP bar and steel reinforcement for the fully bonded member. New deflection model converges to experimental results with the error of less than 5% .
Effect of Annealing, Stoichiometry, and Surface on Magnetism of (Pr,Dy)FeCoB Microparticles Ensemble
Authors: Kablov E.N. , Ospennikova O.G. , Kunitsyna E.I. , Piskorskii V.P. , Korolev D.V. , Morgunov R.B.
Published: October 2017

Magnetic properties of powder (Pr,Dy)FeCoB ferrimagnetic alloys and effects of annealing, surface states were analyzed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectra of powders indicate the effect of surface states on phase composition and magnetic properties of the studied powder, if particles average size is smaller than 10 μm. Effect of stoichiometry on magnetic anisotropy was found. Thermal stability of anisotropy field was proved by replacement of Fe atoms with Co atoms.
The Baobab: Translanguaging in a multimodal sign language translation project
Authors: Murray Joseph J.
Published: October 2017

This article offers a case study of language ideologies and languaging in the translation of a bilingual bimodal iPad storybook app,The Baobab Tree, from American Sign Language and written English to Norwegian Sign Language and written Norwegian. Heeding Canagarajah’s (2011, Translanguaging in the classroom: Emerging issues for research and pedagogy.Applied Linguistics Review2. 1–28) call for studies which look beyond the product to the processes involved by people navigating linguistic and semiotic diverse environments, this article looks at choices made by project team members in a language locality (Pennycook 2010,Language as a local practice. London: Routledge.) shaped by multiple language ideologies. During the process of translation the project team adopted a flexible-multiple model of pluriliteracy (Garcia 2009,Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Wiley-Blackwell) at odds with their initially more rigid preconceptions of languages as bounded entities. The concept of semiotic assemblages (Pennycook 2017, Translanguaging and semiotic assemblages.International Journal of Multilingualism14(3). 269–282) is helpful in showing how languaging choices are influenced by language ideologies, sociocultural values, and the history of language practices among project team members in a particular language locality.
Reverse transcriptase sequences from mulberry LTR retrotransposons: characterization analysis
Authors: Ma Bi , Kuang Lulu , Xin Youchao , Hou Fei , He Ningjia
Published: October 2017

CopiaandGypsyplay important roles in structural, functional and evolutionary dynamics of plant genomes. In this study, a total of 106 and 101,CopiaandGypsy reverse transcriptase(rt) were amplified respectively in theMorus notabilisgenome using degenerate primers. All sequences exhibited high levels of heterogeneity, were rich in AT and possessed higher sequence divergence ofCopia rtin comparison toGypsy rt. Two reasons are likely to account for this phenomenon: a) these elements often experience deletions or fragmentation by illegitimate or unequal homologous recombination in the transposition process; b) strong purifying selective pressure drives the evolution of these elements through “selective silencing” with random mutation and eventual deletion from the host genome. Interestingly, mulberryrtclustered with otherrtfrom distantly related taxa according to the phylogenetic analysis. This phenomenon did not result from horizontal transposable element transfer. Results obtained from fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that most of the hybridization signals were preferentially concentrated in pericentromeric and distal regions of chromosomes, and these elements may play important roles in the regions in which they are found. Results of this study support the continued pursuit of further functional studies ofCopiaandGypsyin the mulberry genome.
New social cooperation model in service oriented economy: the case of employee financial participation in the Baltic states
Authors: Civinskas Remigijus , Dvorak Jaroslav
Published: October 2017

The article discusses the issues of employee financial participation in Baltic states which differs and depends on political, legal and economic preconditions. The aim of the research is to analyse employee financial participation as an instrument for collaboration in companies and a new social cooperation model in the Baltic states. The qualitative research was conducted by telephone and e-mail in 2016. The interviews were carried out with the experts (academics, civil servants, lawyers and human resource consultants working in a relevant field) as well some trade union and company representatives. In general, the new policy for supporting employee financial participation has been renewed in Latvia and Lithuania. It started recently with the revision of the legislative framework that was initially established during the privatisation period. The revision of the Law of Companies was driven by the business interest (to have a new effective human resource management tool or to transfer employee share plans from parent companies in Western countries to subsidiaries in the Baltic states) to introduce (or revise, in the case of Lithuania) new employee share ownership (ESO) plans. The research has also proven that there are common similarities in the use of employee financial participation plans despite the existing differences which are based on national features, such as tax and legal regimes, historical development patterns, or economic and structural factors.
Role of stakeholders leading to development of higher education services
Authors: Labanauskis Rimvydas , Ginevičius Romualdas
Published: October 2017

In this article, a higher education institution (HEI) is analysed as an organisation performing under change conditions. In this context, needs and expectations of a wide range of university stakeholders are analysed. The aim of this article is to indicate the roles of stakeholders leading to the development of an HEI. Although Ishikawa’s cause-and-effect diagram is used when identifying possible causes of a problem, it can also be seen as a method that allows splitting the subject into separate parts, which are causally interrelated. During the research of the activity fields of the HEI and the boundaries related to its surrounding groups, the connections between different groups, their interests and expectations towards the activities of the HEI were determined. The article is prepared using the theoretical-analytical approach. It contains the analysis of the literature on HEI stakeholders, quality management systems and issues concerning the organisational development. The conclusions include insights and suggestions for further research on the ways an HEI can correspond to the needs of stakeholders.
Representations of prostitutes and prostitution as a metaphor in nineteenth-century English newspapers
Authors: Hintikka Marianna , Nevala Minna
Published: October 2017

In this article, we study the way in which prostitutes, on the one hand, and prostitution, on the other, were evaluated and represented in nineteenth-century English news articles. The main aims of the study are to chart referential terms used of prostitutes as socially marginal agents and objects, as well as to map concepts related to the metaphorical field of prostitution. Our data come from the 19th Century British Library Newspapers Database (British Library newspapers parts 1 and 2: 1800–1900. http://www.gale.com/c/british-library-newspapers-part-i) and The Times Digital Archive (1785–2011. http://www.gale.com/c/the-times-digital-archive), consisting of altogether 300 news articles relating to prostitution. Our results suggest that there is variation between vilification and pity in the language relating to prostitutes in the Victorian press, both from the socio-pragmatic and the cognitive perspectives. While the overall attitudes are mostly negative, there is a tendency to highlight the humanity of the prostitute by referring to her, for example, as a pitiful object of a crime. All the metaphors found in the material also draw from the negativity seen as inherent in prostitution and prostitutes. This is accentuated by the frequent personification of states or political institutions as prostitutes, whose lamentable behaviour or appearance is referred to in the metaphor.
“He said he was going on the scamp”: Thieves’ cant, enregisterment and the representation of the social margins in the Old Bailey Sessions Papers
Authors: But Roxanne
Published: October 2017

This paper investigates howcantis used to represent the social margins in the Old Bailey Sessions Papers. Cant refers to the special vocabulary that is associated with and used by people living on the margins such as thieves and prostitutes. Little work has been conducted on the use of this language in courtroom texts. Using a historical pragmatic framework, evidence of the actual occurrence of cant as well as metalinguistic evidence was generated through lexical keyword searches in theOld Bailey Proceedings Online. Then the use of marginal vocabulary was examined more closely in extracts from the Sessions Papers using historical discourse analysis. This paper argues that cant is enregistered and that the courtroom recorder and the editor of the Session Papers reproduced the cant language to highlight and draw attention to the maliciousness and culpability of those who were accused in court. Linguistic techniques such as glossing and metalinguistic commentary were inserted to foreground the cant terms in the text. In addition, this historical discourse analysis sheds light on how the witnesses in the courtroom make strategic use of cant terms to portray the defendant in a negative light.
The public representation of homosexual men in seventeenth-century England – a corpus based view
Authors: McEnery Tony , Baker Helen
Published: October 2017

In this article we explore public discourse around one marginalized group in early-modern English society, men who engaged in sexual relations with other males. To do this we use a large corpus of seventeenth century texts, the Early English Books Online corpus. Our exploration leads us to consider a number of methodological issues, notably low frequency data and the classical framing of some words. We consider the historical context which brings this about, the impact of such data on our study and the importance of close reading in understanding words in discourse. In addition, we show that, even where frequency does not seem to be an issue, close reading, guided by corpus analysis, is vital in allowing the analyst to move past a superficial analysis of the data towards an understanding of the conventions attached to the use of words which appear to reference men who have sex with men in this period. Through such analyses, this paper sheds light on the typically negative meanings associated with this group in early modern England, and provides both challenge and refinement to existing lexicography, both modern and early modern, relating to the group in this period.
Nominal, pronominal, and verbal number in Balinese
Authors: Arka I Wayan , Dalrymple Mary
Published: October 2017

We examine the morphology, syntax, and semantics of number in Balinese. All Balinese pronouns are singular, and non-reduplicated common nouns have general number. Regular and associative plural constructions allow for expression of nominal plurality. Common nouns can also be reduplicated, which often (but not always) indicates plural meaning. In the verbal domain, reduplication generally marks pluractionality. We show that reduplication is a derivational process which can imply rather than encode plural meaning. We also explore parallels between nominal and verbal plurality, examining inclusive/exclusive plural readings in nominal and verbal domains, and associative pluractionality in the verbal domain.
Crystal structure of trimethyammonium 2,6-dicarboxyisonicotinate monohydrate, C11H16N2O7
Authors: Zeng Huahui , Shen Qianjin
Published: October 2017

C11H16N2O7, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 13.753(3) Å, b = 6.9471(15) Å, c = 13.797(3) Å, V = 1318.2(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0386, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1650, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of bis(4-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine-κ2
N:N′)-bis(2-(2-((2,6-difluorophenyl)amino)phenyl)acetate-κO)cadmium(II), C44H34N8CdCl4O4
Authors: Guo Jin-Bo , Li Shi-Hui
Published: October 2017

C44H34N8CdCl4O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.7056(2) Å, b = 14.3244(3) Å, c = 15.3626(3) Å, β = 99.7540(10)°, V = 2104.94(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0271, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0717, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridin-1-ium) catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-3′,5′-dicarboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,5-dicarboxylato-κ2
O:O′] dihydrate, C48H42O22N2Ca
Authors: Li Dong-Mi , Li Shi-Hui
Published: October 2017

C48H42O22N2Ca, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.2548(2) Å, b = 11.7056(4) Å, c = 14.6024(4) Å, α = 72.687(3)°, β = 82.667(2)°, γ = 73.303(3)°, V = 1132.76(6) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0403, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0993, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of diethyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxane-5,5-dicarboxylate, C16H19ClO6
Authors: Yuan Xian-You , Zhang Min , Yuan Lin , Li Zhong-Yan
Published: October 2017

C16H19ClO6, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.905(3) Å, b = 9.194(4) Å, c = 13.094(5) Å, α = 99.928(4)°, β = 105.341(4)°, γ = 109.283(4)°, V = 830.2(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0343, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0898, T = 296(2)K.
Medieval Textbooks as a Major Source for Historical Sociolinguistic Studies of (highregister) Medieval Greek
Authors: Cuomo Andrea Massimo
Published: October 2017

This article proposes to consider medieval textbooks, designed for the study of Greek, as major sources for historical sociolinguistic analyses on texts written in (high-register) Medieval Greek. It additionally discusses some aspects of the definition of historical sociolinguistics as a discipline, and stresses the importance of recovering the speech community’s perspective on Medieval Greek.