bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamento mecânico de uma areia cimentada reforçada com fibras de polipropileno
Authors: Vendruscolo Márcio , Heineck Karla , Consoli Nilo , Santos Ana
Published: January 2022

Ensaios de compressão triaxial foram realizados com o propósito de obter informações funda mentais à compreensão do comportamento de uma areia cimentada reforçada com fibras de polipropileno dis tribuídas aleatoriamente. Inúmeros são os fatores que influenciam o comportamento mecânico de tais compó sitos, porém, esta pesquisa se restringe ao estudo da influência do teor ou porcentagem de fibra, do compri mento da fibra, do título da fibra (diâmetro), da porcentagem de cimento e da densidade relativa da areia. Para que fosse possível a realização de uma análise abrangendo a influência de cada um dos fatores controláveis nas variáveis de resposta investigadas, bem como a interação entre os mesmos, foram utilizadas técnicas esta tísticas de regressão múltipla e de variância para cada variável de resposta, gerando modelos que podem ser utilizados para a previsão dos resultados. Através da análise dos resultados do projeto de experimentos foram estabelecidas as tendências e influências das várias variáveis no comportamento do compósito areia-cimento-fibra.
Advances and remaining challenges for geosynthetics in geoenvironmental engineering applications
Authors: Rowe R. Kerry
Published: January 2022

Nine issues of importance to the use of geomembranes (GMs) and geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as part of composite liners in geoenvironmental applications are examined. These issues include the effect of: GCL-leachate compatibility on hydraulic conductivity; freeze-thaw on GCL performance; internal erosion on GCL hydraulic conductivity; temperature on advection and diffusion as well as desiccation of GCLs and compacted clay liners (CCLs); the choice of protection layer on the strains developed in GMs; wrinkles on strains developed in GMs and the thinning of GCLs; holes in GMs on leakage through composite liners; winkles in GMs on leakage through composite liners; diffusion through GCLs and GMs; and temperature and leachate exposure on the service life of GMs. It is suggested that GCLs and GMs can play a very beneficial role in providing environmental protection. However, like all engineering materials they must be used appropriately and consideration should be given to factors such as those addressed in this paper. There is a need for site specific design, strict adherence to construction specification, and appropriate protection of the geosynthetics after construction. In particular, given the diversity of available GCLs and their different engineering characteristics, GCLs should be selected based on the required engineering properties, not just price.
The Association of Co-Morbidities and Severity of Dengue Fever and Organ Specific Complications in Trivandrum District in Urban Kerala
Authors: Richard Anila , Santhanavally Ratheesh Narayanan , Kurup Ravikumar
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND Dengue fever (DF) is caused by a flavivirus and is transmitted to humans by the vector Aedes aegypti. Industrialization and unplanned urbanization have led to an increase in incidence of DF. DF can lead to organ-specific complications especially in those with co-morbidities. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of organ-specific complications in DF and determine the association of comorbidities and development of organ-specific complications. METHODS This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. 148 participants with DF as confirmed by NS1 antigen or dengue IgM presenting to medicine outpatient department of Government Medical College, Trivandrum were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent and obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Examination findings, laboratory investigations [complete blood count (CBC), liver & renal function tests (RFT)], chest radiograph, ultrasonography (USG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination were done as routine procedures wherever necessary, and the details were collected in case record forms. Data was analysed using Rafter assessment of normality and homogeneity and chi square test was used to determine the association between parameters and organ specific complications. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Acalculous cholecystitis (29.1), hepatitis (4.7 %), aseptic meningitis (4.1 %), encephalopathy (4.1 %), myocarditis (3.4 %), encephalitis (2.7 %), acute kidney injury (2 %), acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 %), pericardial effusion (1.4 %), pleural effusion (1.4 %) and conduction anomalies of heart (0.7 %) were the organ specific complications associated with DF. Participants with co-morbidities were at a higher risk of developing organ-specific complications when compared to the healthier individuals. CONCLUSIONS Acalculous cholecystitis was the most common complication associated with DF and the presence of co-morbidities was a significant risk for development of complications. Proper planning for vector control measures especially during highrisk seasons would reduce the transmission of the disease and reduce the healthcare burden, mortality and morbidity associated with dengue fever. KEY WORDS Dengue Fever, Organ Specific Complications, Acalculous Cholecystitis, Hepatitis, Meningitis
Combined Endoscopic and Radiologic Healing Is Associated With a Better Prognosis Than Endoscopic Healing Only in Patients With Crohn's Disease Receiving Anti-TNF Therapy
Authors: Oh Kyunghwan , Oh Eun Hye , Noh Soo Min , Park Seong Ho , Kim Nayoung , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong-Hoon , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Myung Seung-Jae , Yang Suk-Kyun , Ye Byong Duk
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Although endoscopic healing (EH) is recommended as the therapeutic goal in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), combined EH and radiologic healing (RH) could be a more ideal therapeutic goal considering the transmural nature of CD. We compared the prognosis of patients with CD who achieved EH, RH, both EH and RH (deep healing; DH), or no healing under treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents.

METHODS:

We analyzed 392 patients with CD who received anti-TNF treatment for more than 1 year and evaluated with CT enterography or magnetic resonance enterography together with colonoscopy within 3 months between July 2017 and December 2018. Major outcomes (anti-TNF dose intensification, switch to other biologics, CD-related bowel resection, and hospitalization) were compared according to the EH and RH status.

RESULTS:

During the follow-up (median 18 months; interquartile range, 15–21), the DH group showed a better rate of major outcome-free survival compared with other groups (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, elevated C-reactive protein (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.508–3.110; P < 0.001), EH-only (aHR, 3.903; 95% CI, 1.635–9.315; P = 0.002), RH-only (aHR, 3.843; 95% CI, 1.545–9.558; P = 0.004), and no healing (aHR, 8.844; 95% CI, 4.268–18.323; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risks of major outcomes.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with CD who achieved DH under anti-TNF therapy showed a better prognosis compared with those who only achieved EH. The possibility of DH being used as a new therapeutic target for patients with CD should be investigated in further studies.
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Disease Prevalence, Classification, and Comorbidities: A Cohort Study of the UK BioBank
Authors: Spagnolo Daniel M. , Greer Phil J. , Ohlsen Celeste Shelton , Mance Shannon , Ellison Mitchell , Breze Cameron , Busby Ben , Whitcomb David C. , Haupt Mark
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Pancreatitis is a complex syndrome that results from many etiologies. Large well-characterized cohorts are needed to further understand disease risk and prognosis.

METHODS:

A pancreatitis cohort of more than 4,200 patients and 24,000 controls were identified in the UK BioBank (UKBB) consortium. A descriptive analysis was completed, comparing patients with acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). The Toxic-metabolic, Idiopathic, Genetic, Autoimmune, Recurrent, and severe pancreatitis and Obstructive checklist Version 2 classification was applied to patients with AP and CP and compared with the control population.

RESULTS:

CP prevalence in the UKBB is 163 per 100,000. AP incidence increased from 21.4/100,000 per year from 2001 to 2005 to 48.2/100,000 per year between 2016 and 2020. Gallstones and smoking were confirmed as key risk factors for AP and CP, respectively. Both populations carry multiple risk factors and a high burden of comorbidities, including benign and malignant neoplastic disorders.

DISCUSSION:

The UKBB serves as a rich cohort to evaluate pancreatitis. Disease burden of AP and CP was high in this population. The association of common risk factors identified in other cohort studies was confirmed in this study. Further analysis is needed to link genomic risks and biomarkers with disease features in this population.
Disconnected Pancreatic Duct Syndrome: Pancreatitis of the Disconnected Pancreas and Its Role in the Development of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Thiruvengadam Nikhil R. , Forde Kimberly A. , Miranda Janille , Kim Christopher , Behr Spencer , Masharani Umesh , Arain Mustafa A.
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is a recognized complication of necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). Manifestations include recurrent peripancreatic fluid collections (R-PFC) and pancreatocutaneous fistulae (PC-Fistulae). Pancreatitis of the disconnected pancreatic segment (DPDS-P) and its relationship to new-onset diabetes after pancreatitis (NODAP) are not well characterized.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with NP admitted to University of California, San Francisco from January 2011 to June 2019. A diagnosis of a disconnected pancreatic duct (PD) was confirmed using computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. DPDS was defined as a disconnected PD presenting with R-PFC, PC-Fistulae, or DPDS-P. The primary outcome was NODAP, defined as diabetes mellitus (DM) occurring >3 months after NP. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the relationship between DPDS and NODAP.

RESULTS:

Of 171 patients with NP in this study, the mean clinical follow-up was 46 ± 18 months and the imaging follow-up was 38 ± 20 months. Twenty-seven patients (16%) developed DPDS-P at a median of 28 months. New-onset DM occurred in 54 of the 148 patients (36%), with 22% developing DM within 3 months of NP and 14% developing NODAP at a median of 31 months after AP. DPDS-P was associated with NODAP when compared with non-DPDS patients (adjusted hazard ratio 5.63 95% confidence interval: 1.69–18.74, P = 0.005) while R-PFCs and PC-Fistulae were not.

DISCUSSION:

DPDS and NODAP occurred in 28% and 14% of the patients, respectively. Pancreatitis of the disconnected pancreas occurred in 16% of the patients and was associated with higher rates of NODAP when compared with patients with other manifestations of DPDS and patients without DPDS.
Mechanisms and Consequences of Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Disinhibition in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Wu Wan-Chen , Bradley Samual P. , Christie Jason M. , Pugh Jason R.
Published: January 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common form of childhood muscular dystrophy, is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. In addition to debilitating muscle degeneration, patients display a range of cognitive deficits thought to result from the loss of dystrophin normally expressed in the brain. While the function of dystrophin in muscle tissue is well characterized, its role in the brain is still poorly understood. The highest expression of dystrophin in the mouse brain is in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), where it colocalizes with GABAAreceptor clusters. Usingex vivoelectrophysiological recordings from connected molecular layer interneuron (MLI)–PC pairs, we investigated changes in inhibitory synaptic transmission caused by dystrophin deficiency. In malemdxmice (which lack long-form dystrophin), we found that responses at MLI–PC pairs were reduced by ∼60% because of both decreased quantal response amplitude and a reduced number of functional vesicle release sites. Using electron microscopy, we found significantly fewer and smaller anatomically defined inhibitory synapses contacting the soma of PCs inmdxmice, suggesting that dystrophin may play a critical role in synapse formation and/or maintenance. Functionally, we found reduced MLI-evoked pauses in PC firing in acute slices.In vivorecordings from awakemdxmice showed increased sensory-evoked simple spike firing in positively modulating PCs, consistent with reduced feedforward inhibition, but no change in negatively modulating PCs. These data suggest that dystrophin deficiency in PCs disrupts inhibitory signaling in the cerebellar circuit and PC firing patterns, potentially contributing to cognitive and motor deficits observed inmdxmice and DMD patients.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is primarily characterized by progressive muscle weakening caused by genetic mutations in the gene for dystrophin. Dystrophin is also normally expressed in the CNS, and DMD patients experience a range of nonprogressive cognitive deficits. The pathophysiology of CNS neurons resulting from loss of dystrophin and the function of dystrophin in neurons are still poorly understood. Using cerebellar PCs as a model, we found that the loss of dystrophin specifically disrupts the number and strength of inhibitory synaptic connections, suggesting that dystrophin participates in formation and/or maintenance of these synapses. This work provides insight into the function of dystrophin in the CNS and establishes neuronal and synaptic dysfunction, which may underlie cognitive deficits in DMD.
Brief Stimuli Cast a Persistent Long-Term Trace in Visual Cortex
Authors: Fritsche Matthias , Solomon Samuel G. , de Lange Floris P.
Published: January 2022

Visual processing is strongly influenced by recent stimulus history, a phenomenon termed adaptation. Prominent theories cast adaptation as a consequence of optimized encoding of visual information by exploiting the temporal statistics of the world. However, this would require the visual system to track the history of individual briefly experienced events, within a stream of visual input, to build up statistical representations over longer timescales. Here, using an openly available dataset from the Allen Brain Observatory, we show that neurons in the early visual cortex of the mouse indeed maintain long-term traces of individual past stimuli that persist despite the presentation of several intervening stimuli, leading to long-term and stimulus-specific adaptation over dozens of seconds. Long-term adaptation was selectively expressed in cortical, but not in thalamic, neurons, which only showed short-term adaptation. Early visual cortex thus maintains concurrent stimulus-specific memory traces of past input, enabling the visual system to build up a statistical representation of the world to optimize the encoding of new information in a changing environment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the natural world, previous sensory input is predictive of current input over multisecond timescales. The visual system could exploit these predictabilities by adapting current visual processing to the long-term history of visual input. However, it is unclear whether the visual system can track the history of individual briefly experienced images, within a stream of input, to build up statistical representations over such long timescales. Here, we show that neurons in early visual cortex of the mouse brain exhibit remarkably long-term adaptation to brief stimuli, persisting over dozens of seconds, and despite the presentation of several intervening stimuli. The visual cortex thus maintains long-term traces of individual briefly experienced past images, enabling the formation of statistical representations over extended timescales.
Median Raphe Nonserotonergic Neurons Modulate Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
Authors: Huang Wenqiang , Ikemoto Satoshi , Wang Dong V.
Published: January 2022

Hippocampal theta oscillations (HTOs) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep play an important role in mnemonic processes by coordinating hippocampal and cortical activities. However, it is not fully understood how HTOs are modulated by subcortical regions, including the median raphe nucleus (MnR). The MnR is thought to suppress HTO through its serotonergic outputs. Here, our study on male mice revealed a more complex framework indicating roles of nonserotonergic MnR outputs in regulating HTO. We found that nonselective optogenetic activation of MnR neurons at theta frequency increased HTO amplitude. Granger causality analysis indicated that MnR theta oscillations during REM sleep influence HTO. By using three transgenic mouse lines, we found that MnR serotonergic neurons exhibited little or no theta-correlated activity during HTO. Instead, most MnR GABAergic neurons and Vglut3 neurons respectively increased and decreased activities during HTO and exhibited hippocampal theta phase-locked activities. Although MnR GABAergic neurons do not directly project to the hippocampus, they could modulate HTO through local Vglut3 and serotonergic neurons as we found that MnR GABAergic neurons monosynaptically targeted Vglut3 and serotonergic neurons. Additionally, pontine wave recorded from the MnR during REM sleep accompanied nonserotonergic activity increase and HTO acceleration. These results suggest that MnR nonserotonergic neurons modulate hippocampal theta activity during REM sleep, which regulates memory processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe MnR is the major source of serotonergic inputs to multiple brain regions including the hippocampus and medial septal area. It has long been thought that those serotonergic outputs suppress HTOs. However, our results revealed that MnR serotoninergic neurons displayed little firing changes during HTO. Instead, MnR Vglut3 neurons were largely silent during HTO associated with REM sleep. Additionally, many MnR GABAergic neurons fired rhythmically phase-locked to HTO. These results indicate an important role of MnR nonserotonergic neurons in modulating HTO.
Factors Affecting Blood Donation Intervals And Patterns Of Return Based On A Sample In Southern Iran: A Follow-Up Design
Authors: Daneshi Salman , Davarani Esmat Rezabeigi , Arefi Farhad , Mehr Fateme Jahangiri , Hushmandi Kiavash , Raei Mehdi , Fariabi Reza , Shahrokhabadi Mohadeseh Shojaei
Published: January 2022

Objectives — The main goal of blood transfusion centers is to recruit and retain more qualified blood donors. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the return of volunteer blood donors. Material and Methods — A cohort study was conducted on all blood donors who donated blood for the first time, from March 21, 2013, to March 20, 2014. They were followed up for five years (up to March 20, 2018). Demographic characteristics, type of blood donation and time interval between two blood donations were recorded as recurrent events. Data were then analyzed using Logit Model for Multinomial Responses and Cox's shared frailty model. Results — Of the 2010 blood donors, 33.7% as the repeated donor and 16.2% as the regular donor had regular donations. The frequency of blood donation was in the range of 1 to 20 with a mean of 4.54±3.29. There was a significant reverse relationship between the number of donations and the time interval between two donations. The variables of gender, marital status and occupation had a significant effect on the blood donation of the repeated and regular donors. Genders, age at the time of the first donation, marital status and occupation had a significant effect on the intervals between blood donations. Conclusions — Most of blood supply of Iran is provided by men and first-time donors. Since the decision to donate and keep donating blood involves many complex issues applied programs are require to convert women and first-time donors into regular donors.
Rasch Analysis to Evaluate the Psychometric Properties of Junior Metacognitive Awareness Inventory in the Indonesian Context
Authors: Sukarelawan M. I. , Jumadi J. , Kuswanto H. , Soeharto S. , Hikmah F. N.
Published: January 2022

Empirically, metacognitive awareness is one of the main contributors to students' academic success. At the beginning of its development, the Jr.MAI self-report questionnaire was intended to measure students' metacognitive awareness in the United States. However, the evaluation of the psychometric properties for Indonesian high school students is still limited. The original Jr.MAI cannot be applied in Indonesia. By evaluating students' metacognitive awareness using Jr.MAI, teachers can understand students' information and knowledge related to their learning strategies and behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian translation of the Junior Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Jr.MAI) self-report questionnaire. The Jr.MAI questionnaire consists of 18 items and uses a 5-point Likert scale response. 296 students (Male = 45.9%; Female = 54.1%) of public senior high schools in Indonesia completed the Jr.MAI questionnaire. The Rasch model was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of Jr.MAI. The results showed that the 5-point rating scale with 18 items functioned properly with a good fit, no gender bias, and achieved unidimensionality and local independence assumptions. It proved that the Jr. MAI questionnaire defined the latent variables and classified persons and items properly. Therefore, we concluded that the developed Jr.MAI questionnaire had good psychometric properties to be used by teachers and counselors for measuring and mapping the metacognitive characteristics at the senior high school level.
Multiple Skill Laboratory Activities: How to Improve Students’ Scientific Communication and Collaboration Skills
Authors: Malik A. , Ubaidillah M.
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the effects of experiment models and gender on scientific communication and collaboration skills. This study employed a quasi-experimental design consisting of five groups as control classes and five groups as experimental classes. The subject of this study was 327 students (168 students used HOT Lab and 159 used Multiple Skill; 69 Male and 258 Female from 18 to 22 years old) with heterogeneous skills and learning habits from five different universities representing four regions: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The control class conducted activities based on the Higher-order Thinking Laboratory model, while the experimental class conducted activities based on the Multiple Skill Laboratory Activity Model. The data were collected by employing a validated instrument and were analyzed by employing a Multivariate test. This study shows that the experimental model has more significant influences on improving students' skills than gender. Specifically, the Multiple Skill Laboratory Activity Model (MSLAM) improves students’ collaboration skills better than communication skills. MSLAM explores more activities to practice collaboration skills, e.g., brainstorming, exploration, and measurement, while the activities for practicing communication skills is depended on analysis and presentation only. This study also reveals that the experiment model and gender are not suitable for concurrent analysis. This study is expected to provide methods for further researchers to optimize students’ scientific communication and collaboration skills. Furthermore, this study provides an overview for teachers to practice several thinking skills at one time.
The mitochondrial profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: impact of exercise
Authors: Malamouli Melpomeni , Levinger Itamar , McAinch Andrew J , Trewin Adam J , Rodgers Raymond J , Moreno-Asso Alba
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting pre-menopausal women and involves metabolic dysregulation. Despite the high prevalence of insulin resistance, the existence of mitochondrial dysregulation and its role in the pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Exercise is recommended as the first-line therapy for women with PCOS. In particular, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known to improve metabolic health and enhance mitochondrial characteristics. In this narrative review, the existing knowledge of mitochondrial characteristics in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of women with PCOS and the effect of exercise interventions in ameliorating metabolic and mitochondrial health in these women are discussed. Even though the evidence on mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS is limited, some studies point to aberrant mitochondrial functions mostly in skeletal muscle, while there is very little research in adipose tissue. Although most exercise intervention studies in PCOS report improvements in metabolic health, they show diverse and inconclusive findings in relation to mitochondrial characteristics. A limitation of the current study is the lack of comprehensive mitochondrial analyses and the diversity in exercise modalities, with only one study investigating the impact of HIIT alone. Therefore, further comprehensive large-scale exercise intervention studies are required to understand the association between metabolic dysfunction and aberrant mitochondrial profile, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in women with PCOS.
Analysis of the genetic diversity of Dragon fruit based on ISSR markers in Colombia
Authors: Morillo A. C. , Mora M. S. , Morillo Y.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Selenicereus megalanthus H. is a tropical fruit belonging to the family Cactaceae, is rich in essential nutrients, antioxidants and bioactive components. It presents wide variability in different characteristics and a great demand in the market; however, genetic studies in Colombia are scarce. The main of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of 76 yellow pitahaya genotypes with eight ISSR markers. Genetic parameters expected average heterozygosity (He), percentage of polymorphic loci, genetic distances and Fst were estimated with TFPGA. The analysis of the population genetic structure was carried out with the STRUCTURE 2.3.4. As a result, 225 alleles were generated and the number of polymorphic loci ranged 85 (CT, AG) to 90 (GT). High genetic diversity was found, with an average value of heterozygosity was 0.34 with a genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of 0.26, indicating that there was a great genetic diversity, similar values than those reported in other studies of pitahaya genetic diversity in Colombia. The 76 genotypes were grouped into K=3 according to geographic location, however, in some groups a mixture of individuals from different origins was observed. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher variation (75%) within groups than among groups (25%). These results provide information that can be used to develop conservation strategies for dragon fruit and breeding programs to obtain more productive pitahaya genotypes with superior quality, high yield and with resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.
Prediction of visceral leishmaniasis incidence using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (SARIMA) in the state of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Pimentel K. B. A. , Oliveira R. S. , Aragão C. F. , Aquino Júnior J. , Moura M. E. S. , Guimarães-e-Silva A. S. , Pinheiro V. C. S. , Gonçalves E. G. R. , Silva A. R.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease predominant in countries located in the tropics. The prediction of occurrence of infectious diseases through epidemiologic modeling has revealed to be an important tool in the understanding of its occurrence dynamic. The objective of this study was to develop a forecasting model for the incidence of VL in Maranhão using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (SARIMA). We collected monthly data regarding VL cases from the National Disease Notification System (SINAN) corresponding to the period between 2001 and 2018. The Box-Jenkins method was applied in order to adjust a SARIMA prediction model for VL general incidence and by sex (male or female) for the period between January 2019 and December 2013. For 216 months of this time series, 10,431 cases of VL were notified in Maranhão, with an average of 579 cases per year. With regard to age range, there was a higher incidence among the pediatric public (0 to 14 years of age). There was a predominance in male cases, 6437 (61.71%). The Box-Pierce test figures for overall, male and female genders supported by the results of the Ljung-Box test suggest that the autocorrelations of residual values act as white noise. Regarding monthly occurrences in general and by gender, the SARIMA models (2,0,0) (2,0,0), (0,1,1) (0,1,1) and (0,1,1) (2, 0, 0) were the ones that mostly adjusted to the data respectively. The model SARIMA has proven to be an adequate tool for predicting and analyzing the trends in VL incidence in Maranhão. The time variation determination and its prediction are decisive in providing guidance in health measure intervention.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Potencies of Eight Lichen Extracts Against Gram-Positive Moderately Halophilic Bacteria
Authors: Toksoz Orcun , Turkmenoglu Ipek , Berber Didem , Caglayan Pinar , Birbir Meral , Sesal Nuzhet Cenk
Published: January 2022

The leather sector has global economic importance. Overcoming microbiological problems, especially arising from halophilic bacteria, will greatly reduce product losses. In this study, lichen species includingUsneasp.,Platismatia glauca, Ramalina farinacea, Evernia divaricata, Bryoria capillaris, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Pseudevernia furfuraceaandLobaria pulmonariawere examined for their antibacterial efficacies againstStaphylococcus saprophyticussubsp.saprophyticus(TR5) andSalinicoccus roseus(KV3) which are proteolytic and lipolytic Gram-positive moderately halophilic bacteria. The extracts ofP. glauca, B. capillaris, P. furfuraceaandL. pulmonariahad no antibacterial efficacy against the test bacteria. On the other hand, the extracts ofH. tubulosa,R. farinacea,Usneasp. andE. divaricatahad considerable antibacterial effect with varying percentages of inhibition. The maximum inhibition ratios at the tested concentrations of 15–240 μg ml–1for lichen samples ofH. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usneasp. andE. divaricatawere detected as 94.72 ± 0.75%, 76.10 ± 1.85%, 99.36 ± 0.04%, 89.49 ± 2.26% for TR5 and 97.44 ± 0.14%, 95.92 ± 0.29%, 97.97 ± 0.39%, 97.58 ± 0.53% for KV3, respectively. The most remarkable suppression was obtained withUsneasp. extracts against KV3. These results indicate the need for further studies investigating the applicability of these natural resources to control moderately halophilic bacteria in the preservation of raw hides and skins.
Study on test set-ups for determining the failure characterisation in masonry components
Authors: Dönmez Didem
Published: January 2022

This paper presents experimental studies and detailed micro-modelling on test set-ups to determine the strength and failure mechanism of brick masonry components. Experimental studies include compressive strength tests of masonry units, red clay brick masonry triplet tests and Z-shaped flexural bond tests. Failure mechanisms for masonry relates not only to mortar and brick material properties, but also to the bond strength between the brick and mortar. A contact law based on the cohesive zone model and Coulomb's law was used to describe the fracture behaviour of mortar joints. Numerical studies are based on the interface cohesive model for mixed modes I and II. Tests were evaluated numerically using the Benzeggagh–Kenane mixed mode criterion. The results obtained from finite-element (FE) simulation showed the reliability of computational modelling approaches for masonry bed joint behaviour. Finally, a parametric study on masonry triplet under various compression stresses was carried out by using the FE simulation. The results indicate that an increase in normal compression stress leads to an increase in shear bond strength of masonry.
Tecnoestrés en estudiantes universitarios. Diagnóstico en el marco del covid-19 en México
Authors: Arredondo-Hidalgo María Guadalupe , Caldera-González Diana
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Identificar el estrés tecnológico o tecno estrés en estudiantes de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en México, en el primer trimestre de la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: Es un estudio cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo. Se aplicaron 517 encuestas para medir cuatro dimensiones de tecnoestrés. Resultados: De acuerdo con las dimensiones consideradas se obtuvieron las siguientes calificaciones en una escala del 1 al 5: a. Actitudes frente a las TIC: 2.9; b. Estrés escolar: 3.2; c. Efectos en el uso de las TIC: 2.1; y d. Redes Sociales y TIC en la Educación: 3.87. Se descubrió que los estudiantes pasan casi 8 horas diarias utilizando TIC para actividades académicas, lo cual excede el tiempo habitual., Discusión y Conclusiones: A causa de la pandemia, el cambio súbito de una educación presencial a una educación a distancia y en línea utilizando diversas TIC, ha generado efectos en los estudiantes como ansiedad, depresión y estrés, por lo cual resulta fundamental la intervención para reducir dichos efectos.
Fluid Theologies: Shifts and Changes of African Pentecostalism
Authors: Sande Nomatter
Published: January 2022

The claim of 'being led by the Holy Spirit' has caused African Pentecostals to develop weak fluid theologies. The problem is exacerbated by the deepening of economic inequalities, unstable politics, and poverty. Qualitatively, this article used the response of African Pentecostals to Covid-19 in Zimbabwe as a case study to explore how African Pentecostal theologies lack systematic interpretations. The article concludes that the failure of African Pentecostals to speak coherently about Covid-19 shows the deep-rooted fluid nature of Pentecostalism as believers respond to the 'moves of the Spirit', resulting in shifting and changing theologies.
Editorial
Authors: Smit Johannes A. , Chetty Denzil
Published: January 2022

In his 'J.T. van der Kemp and his Critique of the Settler Farmers on the South African Frontier (1799-1812)' Johannes A. Smit focuses on the first London Missionary Society (LMS) President of African Missions in South Africa, J.T. van der Kemp, and his conflict with the settler farmers on the South African frontier (1799-1811). This revolves around the fact that the settler farmers saw themselves as settled in South Africa (and not as a temporary phenomenon as perceived by the D.E.I.C.), that they supported the patriot (and revolutionary) movements in the Netherlands/ Europe and America. They were critical of the British and the Dutch governments of their time and in actual fact rebelled against these government. They were slave holders, participated in the slave trade, and manifested 'cruelty' towards the Khoi and Xhosa. This article unpacks these issues with specific reference to Van der Kemp's South African texts as published by the LMS in their Transactions of the London Missionary Society Volumes I - III. Theoretically, he draws on some insights from works of Michel Foucault, especially with regard to eighteenth and early nineteenth century 'representational thought', where 'idea' and 'object' are directly related.
Наука. Технологии. Инновации: 2022
Authors: Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Мартынова Светлана , Полякова Валентина , Ратай Татьяна , Репина Алевтина , Росовецкая Лариса , Рудь Виталий , Сагиева Галина , Стрельцова Екатерина , Тарасенко Ирина , Фридлянова Светлана , Варзановцева Ирина , Юдин Иван
Published: January 2022

Краткий статистический сборник содержит основные показатели, характеризующие научный и инновационный потенциал Российской Федерации. Приводятся сведения о результативности исследований и разработок, данные международных сопоставлений. В сборнике использованы материалы Росстата, Минобрнауки России, Роспатента, ОЭСР, Евростата, ЮНЕСКО, ВОИС, национальных статистических служб зарубежных стран, а также разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». Отдельные данные по итогам 2020 г. носят предварительный характер.
Folklore i excursionisme en la primera etapa folklòrica de Palmira Jaquetti Isant. L’Agrupació Excursionista Júpiter
Authors: Navarro Justicia Esther
Published: January 2022

Palmira Jaquetti (Barcelona 1895 – els Monjos 1963) va ser una compositora, folklorista, poetessa i pedagoga catalana. Per entendre la vida i obra de qualsevol personalitat, hem de parar atenció als detalls, situar-los en un context i analitzar l’evolució dels fets, per tornar a mirar el conjunt de manera més completa. Per aquest motiu, i com que existeix un vincle que ve donat per la relació de sòcia de Palmira Jaquetti Isant amb l’Agrupació Excursionista Júpiter, ens preguntem quin paper va poder jugar l’excursionisme català en la seva vida i en aquella època, concretament a través d’aquesta entitat, com i a través de quins fets o personalitats va poder contribuir al seu pensament i què hi va poder aportar ella mateixa. Per això hem de situar-nos en la seva primera etapa folklòrica (1922-1934), que coincideix també amb la primera etapa de l’entitat excursionista (1921-1931).
Palmira Jaquetti com a col·lectora de cançons a la Vall d’Aran per a l’Obra del Cançoner Popular de Catalunya
Authors: Oriol Carazo Carme
Published: January 2022

L’any 1925, Palmira Jaquetti, acompanyada per Maria Carbó, va dirigir la seva primera missió de recerca de cançons populars per encàrrec de l’Obra del Cançoner Popular de Catalunya, l’important projecte finançat pel mecenes Rafael Patxot i Jubert en els anys vint i trenta del segle xx. La missió va començar a la Seu d’Urgell i, entre el 9 de juliol i el 3 de setembre de 1925, va recórrer molts pobles de l’Urgell, el Pallars, Andorra i la Vall d’Aran. A partir de la consulta de documentació inèdita, aquest treball estudia la tasca de recol·lecció de cançons populars realitzada a la Vall d’Aran. Com a resultat d’aquesta missió es van poder recollir cinquanta-una cançons proporcionades per un total de setze cantaires aranesos.
The Folklore Period
Authors: Roper Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Deixant de banda els casos de dedicació al llarg de la vida, hi ha un període de la vida en què és més probable que una persona conreï el folklore? Aquest article argumenta que n’hi ha, i és als anys vint i trenta d’una persona. Es donen diversos exemples històrics per donar suport a aquesta proposta. A continuació, es discuteixen aparents (i reals) excep- cions a aquesta generalització i es presenten una sèrie de possibles explicacions d’aquest fenomen. L’article conclou amb una discussió sobre les implicacions d’aquest fenomen i preguntes per al futur.
Cinco décadas de programas europeos sobre medio ambiente. Un repaso ante la llegada del Octavo programa
Authors: García Lupiola Asier
Published: January 2022

The EU's environmental policy has its origin in the first decisions taken in the early 1970s. Since then, the environmental action programs have specified the fundamentals and general objectives in this area. Initially, they defined the bases of environmental policy and, since the European Single Act, they constitute the tool to establish the development of the fundamental regulations contained in the Treaties. They determine the path to be followed by the legislative acts that make up the European environmental policy, as well as all other policies that must integrate the requirement of environmental protection. In these fifty years, the action programs on the environment have become a great exponent of the EU's sustainable development objective.
FONBASTIER, LAURENT, Environment, Anamosa, París, 2021, 102 p. ISBN 979-10-95772-97-2.
Authors: Alvarez Carreño Santiago Manuel
Published: January 2022

FONBASTIER, LAURENT, Environment, Anamosa, París, 2021, 102 p. ISBN 979-10-95772-97-2.
Retos y necesarias transformaciones en el Procedimiento de Comunicaciones de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño para que se constituya en un nuevo escenario de litigio climático
Authors: Lucero Pantoja Jairo Enrique , Ravetllat Ballesté Isaac
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of the supra-individual environmental rights contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the specific observation of the Communication of 23 September 2019 (Sacchi and others v. Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany and Turkey), this study will determine the legal possibilities for pursuing a climate complaint through the individual communications mechanism provided for in the Third Optional Protocol to that international instrument. Thus, first of all, it will focus on the particularities, both substantive and procedural, of such a mechanism when the issue in dispute concerns the supra-individual - environmental - rights contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We will then analyse the significant obstacles of a (i) jurisdictional nature, (ii) non-exhaustion of domestic remedies and (iii) lack of differentiation in the State commitments assumed under the Paris Agreement with regard to MtCO2 emissions. Finally, we conclude that the aforementioned obstacles hinder the guarantee of access to climate justice through the communications mechanism, and that some amendments to the Optional Protocol are necessary to achieve this purpose.
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Asturias (Segundo semestre 2021)
Authors: Boto Álvarez Alejandra
Published: January 2022

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Asturias (Segundo semestre 2021)
El tratamiento del cambio climático y de la salud en la legislación y jurisprudencia españolas en materia de asilo y extranjería
Authors: Oliván del Cacho Javier
Published: January 2022

In this work, we analyze the treatment that climate change and the state of health of foreign citizens deserve in the Spanish legislation and jurisprudence on asylum and migration matters.
Renuencia a hablar en clase y estilos de aprendizaje entre los estudiantes de ELE en Taiwán
Authors: Mendoza Puertas Jorge Daniel
Published: January 2022

In the field of foreign language learning and teaching, the reluctance to speak in class is a complex and polyhedral phenomenon hinders the proper development of communication skills. This phenomenon, with a great presence in East Asian classrooms, has traditionally been linked to the image of a student who are not very participating, silent and with a preference for passive learning styles. In this work, based on the application of two questionnaires, the Reticence Scale-12 and the CHAEA, we analyse the phenomenon of communicative reticence and learning preferences of Taiwanese SFL learners over a sample of university students. Later, using statistical correlations, we observe if there is any relationship between the refusal to speak in class and the different learning styles. The results obtained reveal a significant number of learners are reluctant to communicate. Along with a mostly moderate preference for all styles except the reflective style. For the latter, the majority of the respondents present a low preference, contrary to what would be expected. Finally, statistical tests reveal negative and significant, but low correlations between active and pragmatic styles and reluctance to speak in class.
Percepción de conductas comunicativas racistas: un estudio con estudiantes de ELE de un Aula de Enlace
Authors: Segovia Barberán Cristina
Published: January 2022

There are more minors arriving in Spain without any knowledge of the language than we are used to considering, and they form a special paradigm in the world of ELE. As they are of compulsory school age, the regional governments have proposed some initiatives for the incorporation and inclusion of these students, as is the case of the Aulas de Enlace in Madrid. The odyssey for many of these children begins at this point when they have to learn the language at an accelerated pace in order to join a new educational system and fight for their future. With all of the above, an even greater difficulty arises: racist discrimination. Racist communicative behaviours are part of our collective consciousness and are materialised through discourse and non-verbal communication (Van Dijk, 2010). A research study was designed to find out whether there are differences in the perception of racist communicative behaviours between a group of Spanish learners in an Aula de Enlace and a group of Spanish students from the same school and of the same age, in view of impolite euphemisms, pragmatic traits and non-verbal communication. For this purpose, two parallel questionnaires have been created which pose different types of situations and questions to ascertain the students' opinions. Thus, it should be borne in mind that the data obtained are not the result of a real and studied corpus of the language but of the perception of the informants, underlining the revalorising capacity of a language on its non-discriminatory use in the field of ethnic and cultural difference.
Singleplex qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 N1 and BRSV v1
Authors: Svezia Chloe , Nguyen Anh , VanTassell Jamie , Raymond Julia , K Wolfe Marlene , not provided Pengbo , Moe Christine
Published: January 2022

This protocol describes the procedure to perform RT-qPCR for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene and a processing control (BRSV) in RNA extracted from wastewater samples. For samples obtained with a Moore swab, results will indicate the presence or absence of each target. For grab or composite wastewater samples, results may be used to estimate the concentration of the target in the original sample.