bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Persian/Arabic Handwritten Words Using a Combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Autoencoder (AECNN)
Authors: Khosravi Sara , Chalechale Abdolah
Published: July 2022

Despite extensive research, recognition of Persian and Arabic manuscripts is still a challenging problem due to the complicated and irregular nature of writing, wide vocabulary, and diversity of handwritings. In Persian and Arabic words, letters are joined together, and signs such as dots are placed above or below letters. In the proposed approach, the words are first decomposed into their constituent subwords to enhance the recognition accuracy. Then the signs of subwords are extracted to develop a dictionary of main subwords and signs. The dictionary is then employed to train a classifier. Since the proposed recognition approach is based on unsigned subwords, the classifier may make a mistake in recognizing some subwords of a word. To overcome this, a new subword fusion algorithm is proposed based on the similarity of the main subwords and signs. Here, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are utilized to train the classifier. An autoencoder (AE) network is employed to extract appropriate features. Thus, a hybrid network is developed and named AECNN. The known Iranshahr dataset, including nearly 17000 images of handwritten names of 503 cities of Iran, was employed to analyze and test the proposed approach. The resultant recognition accuracy is 91.09%. Therefore, the proposed approach is much more capable than the other methods known in the literature.
Network Flow Anomaly Detection Based on Improved Echo State Network
Authors: Chen Mingzhong , Qiu Bin , Ji Jie
Published: July 2022

Aiming at the problems existing in the current network flow anomaly detection, a network flow prediction model based on echo state network of double loop reserve pool is designed, which solves the problem of reserve pool generated randomly in traditional echo state network and improves the accuracy and instantaneity of network flow prediction. Then, an anomaly detection method based on dynamic threshold is proposed, which takes the difference between the predicted value and the real value as the basis for judging the occurrence of anomalies. Simulation results show that the improved prediction model and anomaly detection method can effectively detect the abnormal behavior of network flow, and the detection effect is better than other models.
Prevention of Postoperative Events following Reversal with Sugammadex or Neostigmine (the P-PERSoN Trial): Pilot Data Following Early Termination of a Prospective, Blinded, Randomised Trial
Authors: Olesnicky Benjamin , Doane Matthew , Farrell Clare , Knoblanche Greg , Delaney Anthony
Published: July 2022

Background. Residual paralysis following anaesthesia is common and can lead to postoperative morbidity. While sugammadex has been shown to be effective in minimising residual paralysis, uncertainty exists as to whether its use reduces any associated morbidity. We designed this trial to determine if the use of sugammadex for the reversal of intraoperative aminosteroid neuromuscular blockade results in improvements in postoperative pulmonary complications, complications in the recovery unit, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and patient satisfaction, when compared to reversal with neostigmine. Methods. A prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial in adult patients admitted for surgical operations at two Australian hospitals between December 2018 and March 2019 was performed comparing the reversal of neuromuscular paralysis using sugammadex 2 mg/kg versus neostigmine 50mcg/kg. Statistical analysis of continuous data was performed using two tailed t-tests, with categorical and ordinal data being assessed by chi-squared analysis. Results. The trial was terminated due to a combination of resource constraints and the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Of 51 patients screened, 33 were eligible for participation and 30 subsequently recruited and randomised. All patients received the intended treatment allocated. Data for the primary outcome was obtained in all patients. There was no difference in the rates of postoperative pulmonary complications between the sugammadex and neostigmine groups (0% (0/19) vs 9% (1/11) RR 5.0 (95% CI 0.22–113)

p
=
0.37

. There was no difference in any of the secondary outcomes between the groups. Conclusions. The P-PERSoN trial showed no difference in postoperative pulmonary complications between sugammadex and neostigmine based reversal of aminosteroid neuromuscular block, but was underpowered to show any difference due to early trial termination. The randomisation and data collection was feasible. We support the need for an adequately resourced and funded randomised controlled trial to address this important clinical question.
One Method for Preprocessing Pulse Signal Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liguo Zhao , Zhixian Li
Published: July 2022

The collection of pulse signals is accompanied by considerable noise interference, and it is necessary to denoise the collected signals to eliminate the error brought about by the outside world and the instrument itself to the actual data to the greatest extent. Considering this, this article proposes a preprocessing scheme for noise reduction. Firstly, the saturation detection algorithm in signals is based on the gradient, and extreme is utilized to remove the saturation interference. On this basis, the artifact detection module based on complex network connectivity is proposed. Finally, the self-adjusting parameter integer coefficient filtering is utilized to include the baseline drift. The noise inside is filtered out. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, in the case of a similar signal-to-noise ratio, has a mean square error of 15.7 and a shorter convergence time of 0.02s.
Clinical Features of Parkinson’s Disease in Patients with Early-Onset Freezing of Gait
Authors: Terashi Hiroo , Ueta Yuki , Taguchi Takeshi , Mitoma Hiroshi , Aizawa Hitoshi
Published: July 2022

Background. Freezing of gait (FOG) is an important symptom that can impair activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its pathogenic mechanism is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed and levodopa-naïve patients with PD who present with FOG. Methods. A total of 53 patients with untreated PD (29 men and 24 women) within 2 years of disease onset were included in the study. Using item 3 of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q), patients were classified as “freezers” and “nonfreezers” and compared for cognitive function, depressive symptoms, apathy, olfactory function, motor severity, gait parameters, and daily physical activity. We also assessed the relationship between FOG severity (total score of items 3–6 on the FOG-Q) and various clinical parameters. Results. The FOG was reported by 8 (15%) patients with PD. The Apathy Scale score (

p
=
0.018

), Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage (

p
<
0.001

), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III score (

p
<
0.001

), and postural instability and gait disorder score (

p
<
0.001

) were significantly higher, and the mean gait acceleration amplitude (

p
=
0.006

) was significantly lower in freezers compared to that in nonfreezers. However, there was no significant correlation between FOG severity and these clinical parameters. There was also no significant difference in cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and olfactory function between the two groups. Daily physical activity was significantly lower in freezers than that in nonfreezers. Conclusions. Since FOG develops soon after PD onset, the study findings suggest that the FOG might be associated with the severity of apathy, motor symptoms, and in particular, gait disturbance.
Phylogeography and Wolbachia Infections Reveal Postglacial Recolonization Routes of the Parthenogenetic Plant Louse Cacopsylla myrtilli (W. Wagner 1947), (Hemiptera, Psylloidea)
Authors: Nokkala Christina , Kuznetsova Valentina G. , Shapoval Nazar A. , Nokkala Seppo
Published: July 2022

To reveal the phylogeographic pattern of the parthenogenetic psyllid Cacopsylla myrtilli (W. Wagner 1947) (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), we sequenced a 638 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene from 962 individuals. These insects originated from 46 sampling sites, which cover a significant part of the northern Palearctic distribution range of the species. The sequence data revealed 40 haplotypes, with three main (H1, H2, and H3) and 37 derived ones. The main haplotypes H1 or H2 or both were present at all sampling sites. The star-like shape of the haplotype networks indicated recent population expansion. In most cases, the derived haplotypes were specific for each country, suggesting that the main haplotypes H1 and H2 are of refugial origin, and the derived haplotypes have emerged after the postglacial recolonization process. Based on the haplotype sequences, we suggest H3 to represent the ancestral haplotype from which H1 and H2 have evolved. We suggest that the main haplotype H3 together with its derived haplotypes represents bisexual C. myrtilli, which shows a limited distribution on both sides of the border between Finland and Russia in northern Fennoscandia. The genetic diversity was the highest in Sjoa in southern Norway and also high in the White Sea region in northwest Russia. Higher diversity in Sjoa was attributed to both earlier recolonizations compared to that of the White Sea region and the absence of Wolbachia infection. We suggest that these sites were colonized from different Pleistocene refugia, i.e., from western and eastern refugia, respectively. From the White Sea region, recolonization continued eastwards to Ural Mountains and westwards to Finland and further north to Kola Peninsula. From northern Finland, recolonization continued to Finnmark, Norway, and further to Sweden and finally reached a secondary contact zone with colonizers from Norway in Central Sweden. The Caucasus and Siberian/Manchurian refugial regions have played an important role in the origin of C. myrtilli populations in Siberia and the Russian Far East.
Investigation of Machine Learning Methods for Early Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children
Authors: Alam Sumbul , Raja Pravinth , Gulzar Yonis
Published: July 2022

Several variables, for instance, inheritance and surroundings, influence the growth of neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g., autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the first 36 months of life. ADHD and ASD diagnosis mainly rely heavily on traditional clinical assessments from the last few decades. These traditional methods are based on massive data collection from multiple respondents’ responses and the extent of various behavioral descriptors, which are then recognized by the researcher while forming a diagnostic criterion. However, opting for traditional diagnostic methods, there is a high possibility of being misdiagnosed, which may lead to the administration of unnecessary long-term pharmaceutical treatment. That may lead to reduction in functioning and an increase in the risk of developing additional social and clinical issues. Moreover, such diagnostic procedures are also time-consuming and costly. In this sense, rapid and advanced criteria are required to be accurate and cost-effective. Consequently, this study emphasizes the application of machine learning (ML) tools and deep learning (DL) techniques such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and Deep Learning APIs (Application Programming Interface), for the early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and ASD symptoms. From this investigation, it can be concluded that diagnostic techniques based on ML reduce the intervention time and increase the accuracy with simultaneous understanding of the techniques and algorithms applied to different types of Image data. Numerous studies have been done on ASD and ADHD separately, but our investigation also focuses on cooccurrences of these disorders in one individual.
Robust Fixed-Time H∞ Trajectory Tracking Control for Marine Surface Vessels Based on a Self-Structuring Neural Network
Authors: Tian Xuehong , Wang Zhicheng , Yuan Jianbin , Liu Haitao
Published: July 2022

In this study, a robust fixed-time H∞ trajectory tracking controller for marine surface vessels (MSVs) is proposed based on self-structuring neural network (SSNN). First, a fixed-time H∞ Lyapunov stability theorem is proposed to guarantee that the MSV closed-loop system is fixed-time stable (FTS) and the

L

2

gain is less than or equal to

γ

. This shows high accuracy and strong robustness to the approximation errors. Second, the SSNN is designed to compensate for the model uncertainties of the MSV system, marine environment disturbances, and lumped disturbances term constituted by the actuator faults (AFs). The SSNN can adjust the network structure in real time through elimination rules and split rules. This reduces the computational burden while ensuring the control performance. It is proven by Lyapunov stability that all signals in the MSV system are stable and bounded within a predetermined time. Finally, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the control scheme.
Association of Serum Apolipoprotein A5 Concentration with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Ningbo, China
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Ping , Tao Xueping , Li Wenli , Hong Qiongyi , Cao Qunfen
Published: July 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of hepatocyte fat and steatosis in the absence of alcohol or any other clear contributing factors to liver injury. NAFLD has been confirmed to be closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Genetic polymorphism studies have shown the relations between the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) and NAFLD. However, the association between the serum ApoA5 level and NAFLD remains unclear. Between September 2018 and August 2019, adults who attended the hospital‐based health checkup center were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric examination, laboratory investigations on fasting blood, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. The serum ApoA5 level was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 517 eligible participants (317 females and 200 males) were involved in this study, with a mean age of 54.7 ± 16.7 years. The mean ApoA5 concentration was 28.8 ± 4.7 μg/ml, among which the males had higher concentration levels than females (29.3 ± 4.5 vs. 28.5 ± 4.7 μg/mL, P = 0.04). Serum ApoA5 level was not significantly correlated with NAFLD or metabolic profiles. However, the prevalence rate of hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride ≥ 1.7 mmol/L) showed a significant inverted “U”‐shaped trend in individuals with the serum ApoA5 level of quartile one to quartile four after adjusting the confounding factors. Moreover, individuals with higher serum ApoA5 levels were also more likely to suffer from hyperglycemia. The ApoA5 levels and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia are in an inverted “U‐shaped” correlation, but there is no significant difference between ApoA5 levels, NAFLD, and metabolic syndrome.
Dietary Supplementation of Crystalline Amino Acid Improves Growth Performance and Health of Yellow Catfish That Reduced by Plant Proteins Replacement of Fishmeal
Authors: Wang Shidong , Li Xue , Zhang Muzi , Jiang Haibo , Li Ming
Published: July 2022

To evaluate the growth and health of yellow catfish (

5.50
±
0.61

 g) under the conditions of unbalanced and balanced amino acid composition, an 8-week growth experiment was conducted. Three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with a graded level of fishmeal: control group was formulated with 560.00 g/kg fishmeal, and 25%PP group and 25%PP + AA group were formulated with 420.00 g/kg fishmeal (replace 25% of fishmeal with plant protein), and then 25%PP + AA group was supplemented with threonine, glycine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, histidine, and lysine. Compared with control group, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival (SUR) in 25%PP group were significantly the lowest (

p
<
0.05

), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher than those in control group (

p
<
0.05

). After supplementation of crystalline amino acid, the WG, SGR, SUR, and FCR in 25%PP + AA group were recovered to the level of control group (

p
>
0.05

). Compared with control group, the activities of trypsin and lipase were significantly increased in 25%PP group and 25%PP + AA group (

p
<
0.05

). Liver impairment was exhibited in 25%PP group, mainly manifested as significantly increased contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (

p
<
0.05

). Supplementation of crystalline amino acids based on a 25%PP diet significantly reduced activities of AST and ALT (

p
<
0.05

). In addition, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in 25%PP group increased significantly (

p
<
0.05

). Data from 25%PP + AA group showed that crystalline amino acid supplementation ameliorated antioxidant (T-AOC and SOD) and immune (ACP and AKP) (

p
<
0.05

). One of the characteristics of intestinal damage is shortening of villi height, which was significantly reduced in 25%PP group (

p
<
0.05

). In short, unbalanced amino acid intake can impact growth, survival, and physiological status of yellow catfish. Diet supplemented with unbalanced amino acid can cause abnormal accumulation of amino acid content in muscle, resulting in unnecessary consumption of nutrients. Dietary supplementation of crystalline amino acid improves growth performance and health of yellow catfish that reduced by plant proteins replacement of fishmeal.
Anterior Papillary Muscle Rupture due to Acute Myocardial Microinfarction of the Small High Lateral Branch
Authors: Kono Takanori , Takagi Kazuyoshi , Negoto Shinya , Tayama Eiki
Published: July 2022

Papillary muscle rupture is a catastrophic condition, of which most cases manifest posterior papillary muscle rupture. Anterior papillary muscle rupture is a rare condition. Particularly, anterior papillary muscle rupture due to acute myocardial microinfarction of the small high lateral branch is extremely rare. Since papillary muscle rupture can occur even in such a small branch or small area due to myocardial infarction, echocardiographic and/or ventriculographic confirmation is essential in cases of sudden worsening of heart failure. Herein, we report the case of anterior papillary muscle rupture with a good outcome. A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with cardiogenic shock. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture. Coronary angiography demonstrated high-grade stenosis in the high lateral branch. However, no other significant stenoses were found. Emergency mitral valve replacement was performed. The patient was discharged 19 days after surgery without any complications.
Effect of MicroRNA‐138 on Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha‐Induced Suppression of Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Liu Wenzhe , Wu Kankui , Wu Wancui
Published: July 2022

High doses of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) suppress osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and potential regulatory mechanism of microRNA‐138 (miR‐138) in the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs after treatment with a high dose of TNF‐α. The hDPSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium with or without 50 ng/ml TNF‐α. The miR‐138 levels were upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of the hDPSCs following TNF‐α treatment. The miR‐138 overexpression accelerated but miR‐138 knockdown alleviated the TNF‐α‐induced suppression of the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and protein abundance of dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin during osteogenic differentiation induction of hDPSCs. Additionally, miR‐138 overexpression accelerated but miR‐138 knockdown alleviated the suppression of the focal adhesion kinase‐ (FAK‐) extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation induction of hDPSCs under TNF‐α treatment. In conclusion, miR‐138 accelerates TNF‐α‐induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Inactivation of the FAK‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms underlying the effect of miR‐138. Inhibition of miR‐138 expression may be a strategy to weaken the inhibitory effect of high‐dose TNF‐α on the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
SQL Database-Based Child Physical Health Risk Assessment System
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Li Bo , Li Junshi , Wang Zuopeng , Cui Xinghe
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the various factors that affect children’s physical health. By analyzing the physical examination results of 1,000 children who had health examinations in the hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 in a SQL database, we were able to determine the factors influencing children’s physical health. Additionally, a method for assessing the physical health risks being faced by children is developed. To increase the evaluation’s effectiveness, a new type of physical health risk assessment system for children is being developed on the basis of the original physical health risk assessment system for children. The system hardware component optimizes the primary control chip and minimizes the system circuit to the smallest possible size. Simultaneously, a model for risk assessment of physical health is developed in children and a risk quantification procedure is implemented. The membership degree of the risk value is calculated using the fundamental concept of fuzzy logic, and the evaluation result is incorporated into this step of the computation to generate an accurate evaluation level. To date, no system for assessing physical health risks in children has been developed. We discovered while building the system test that the query accuracy of this system’s evaluation level can reach up to 96%, the detection time is reduced to a minimum of 5 seconds, and the usage effect is improved.
Paxlovid: Mechanism of Action, Synthesis, and In Silico Study
Authors: Marzi Mahrokh , Vakil Mohammad Kazem , Bahmanyar Maryam , Zarenezhad Elham
Published: July 2022

In this work, the discovery and description of PF‐07321332, a major bioavailable oral SARS‐CoV‐2 protease inhibitor with in vitro human coronavirus antiviral activity, and excellent selection of off‐target and in vivo immune profiles are reported. Various drugs and novel compound candidates for the treatment of the COVID‐19 pandemic have been developed. PF‐07321332 (or nirmatrelvir) is a new oral antiviral drug developed by Pfizer. In response to the pandemic, Pfizer has developed the COVID vaccine and in 2022 will launch its new major anti‐SARS‐Cov‐2 protease inhibitor (PI). The combination of ritonavir and nirmatrelvir is under study in phase III of the clinical trial with a brand name Paxlovid. Paxlovid is an active 3Cl protease inhibitor. Paxlovid exerts its antiviral efficacy by inhibiting a necessary protease in the viral replication procedure. Proteases of coronavirus cleave several sites in the viral polyprotein where pyrrolidone was replaced by flexible glutamine. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, there is high demand for synthesis and development of this novel drug. Herein, we report the synthetic route and the mechanism of action was recently published on nirmatrelvir. Also, a comparison of the performance of two new oral antiviruses (molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir) for the treatment of COVID‐19 is described. This review will be helpful for different disciplines such as biochemistry, organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology.
Analysis on Time-Series Data from Movie Using MF-DCCA Method and Recurrent Neural Network Model Under the Internet of Things
Authors: Miao Ruomu , Zhang Boyuan
Published: July 2022

The present work aims to analyze the time-series data (TSD) from movies and support constructing the movie recommendation system. Referencing the Internet of Things (IoT) technology as the framework, a time-series data analysis system for movies is built based on the recurrent neural network (RNN) and multifractal detrended mobility cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) method. First, the traditional RNN model is improved by replacing the conventional convolution operation with spatial adaptive convolution. Specifically, an additional convolution layer is used to obtain the position parameters required for adaptive convolution to improve the model performance to capture the characteristics of spatial-temporal transformation. Then, the MF-DCCA method is optimized to reduce the interference of noise signals to the analysis processing of TSD from movies. Finally, the TSD analysis system is tested for performance verification. The test results indicate that the method proposed here has outstanding stability and runs smoothly. When the prediction scheme is long short-term memory (LSTM) (L = 20), the similarity of the LSTM (L = 20) network under one frame is 0.977; the similarity of the LSTM (L = 20) network under nine frames is 0.727. This system provides a specific idea for applying the RNN model and MF-DCCA method in analyzing TSD from movies.
The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Calendula Officinalis Extract on Androgen‐Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model in Female Rat
Authors: Gharanjik Fatemeh , Shojaeifard Manzar Banoo , Karbalaei Narges , Nemati Marzieh
Published: July 2022

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, and the major cause of infertility. Today, using medicinal plants instead of chemical drugs could be an alternative treatment option for PCOS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on PCOS in rats. Method. 60 female adult rats were randomly divided into six groups, including control, sham, PCOS group, and treated PCOS groups receiving hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis with different dosages of 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. PCOS was induced by subcutaneous injection of DHEA 6 mg/100 g bw for 35 days. For two weeks, the extract was taken orally. The serum glucose, insulin, sex hormone levels, and oxidative status were measured at the end of the experiment. The ovaries were dissected for histomorphometric and pathological analysis. Results. When compared to the control and sham groups, the PCOS group showed a significant increase in glucose, insulin, testosterone, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, cystic and atretic follicles, and thickness of the theca and tunica albuginea layers, and a significant decrease in LH concentration, total antioxidant capacity, corpus luteum, antral follicles, and oocyte diameter. The mean concentration of FSH, on the other hand, did not change significantly. A trend of improvement was found in the treated groups with high doses of Calendula officinalis extract. Conclusion. In rats with PCOS and nonovulation, Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract improved oxidative stress, restored folliculogenesis, and increased ovulation.
San-Huang-Chai-Zhu Formula Ameliorates Liver Injury in Intrahepatic Cholestasis through Suppressing SIRT1/PGC-1α-Regulated Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liu Binbin , Zhang Jie , Shao Lu , Yao Jiaming
Published: July 2022

Background. Chinese herbal formulae possess promising applications in treating intrahepatic cholestasis. Objective. Our study aims to explore the protective effect of the San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula (SHCZF) on liver injury in intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) and investigate the underlying mechanism related to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Methods. An IC rat model was established by α-naphthyl isothiocyanate induction. Hepatic histomorphology was observed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of biochemical indexes of hepatic function and oxidative stress were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis in liver tissues was detected by the TUNEL assay. The mRNA expression of mtDNA, SIRT1, and PGC-1α was measured by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, SIRT1, and PGC-1α was determined by Western blotting. Results. SHCZF treatment attenuated liver injury in IC. Levels of hepatic function parameters were decreased after SHCZF administration. In addition, the decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in hepatic mitochondria confirmed that SHCZF could attenuate oxidative stress in IC. SHCZF treatment also reduced the apoptosis in the liver tissues of IC rats. Furthermore, SHCZF administration upregulated the expression of mtDNA, SIRT1, and PGC-1α in IC. Conclusions. SHCZF exerts a protective effect on liver injury in IC via alleviating SIRT1/PGC-1α-regulated mitochondrial oxidative stress.
The Cognitive Transformation of Japanese Language Education by Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Wireless Network Environment
Authors: Zhang Su
Published: July 2022

This study aims to solve the multiscale problems faced by the current classroom student behavior target detection based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) in the wireless network environment. Firstly, the recent reform of Japanese language education is introduced. Secondly, the multiscale problem research of classroom student behavior target detection is discussed. A CNN-based new extraction network is designed based on dilated convolution and pyramid features. An anchor reconstruction algorithm based on improved K-means clustering is presented for the self-made student behavior dataset. Finally, the performance of the designed algorithm is tested. The anchor reconstruction algorithm’s mean average precision is 83.2%, and the average intersection over union is 73.7%. The experimental results of this scheme outperform the original single-shot multibox detector and K-means algorithms. Compared with other algorithms, the designed multiscale detection algorithm of classroom student behavior has the best detection effect on Pascal visual object classes (VOC) dataset. The detection accuracy of the entire dataset is 79.8%. Overall, the multiscale detection algorithm for classroom student behavior has a better detection effect on the Pascal VOC dataset and has good generalization ability and robustness. This research can guide students to recognize their class status and make corresponding adjustments to improve their learning efficiency, which has essential research significance and application value.
Expression and Clinical Significance of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shi Shuai , Ma Hong-Yan , Sang Yin-zhou , Ju Ying-Bo , Liu Xiao-Yun , Zhang Zhi-Gang
Published: July 2022

The CKLF‐like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) plays an extremely important role of the programed death receptor ligand‐1 (PD-L1) protein. Our study is aimed at investigating the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 proteins in triple‐negative breast cancer and their correlation with the clinical pathological data of patients. We selected 89 cases of triple‐negative breast cancer and 62 cases of normal breast tissue specimens. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 and to carefully study differences in their expression. The expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in TNBC was higher than that in normal breast tissue, and the expression of the two was positively correlated (p < 0.05). In TNBC, CMTM6 expression is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, Ki67 proliferation index, and TNM stage (p < 0.05). PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, Ki67 proliferation index, TNM stage, and vascular infiltration (p < 0.05). Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that the positive expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 had no correlation with the survival rate of patients (p > 0.05). According to KM‐plotter, we found that a higher CMTM6 expression was positively related with relapse‐free survival rate of patients (p < 0.05). A higher PD‐L1 expression was positively correlated with relapse‐free, overall, and distant metastasis survival rate of patients (p < 0.05). In timer database, we found a positive correlation between the expression of CMTM6 and PD‐L1 in triple‐negative breast cancer. Both CMTM6 and PD-L1 are highly expressed in TNBC, and their expressions are positively related. In the future, the two gene might become targets for the treatment of TNBC, providing a basis of clinical treatment of TNBC.
Biomechanical Comparison between Isobar and Dynamic‐Transitional Optima (DTO) Hybrid Lumbar Fixators: A Lumbosacral Finite Element and Intersegmental Motion Analysis
Authors: Chen Shih-Hao , Hsiao Chih-Kun , Wang Chih-Wei , Chen Hsiang-Ho , Zhong Zheng-Cheng
Published: July 2022

Biomechanical performance of longitudinal component in dynamic hybrid devices was evaluated to display the load‐transfer effects of Dynesys cord spacer or Isobar damper‐joint dynamic stabilizer on junctional problem based on various disc degenerations. The dynamic component was adapted at the mildly degenerative L3–L4 segment, and the static component was fixed at the moderately degenerative L4–L5 segment under a displacement‐controlled mode for the finite element study. Furthermore, an intersegmental motion behavior was analyzed experimentally on the synthetic model under a load‐controlled mode. Isobar or DTO hybrid fixator could reduce stress/motion at transition segment, but compensation was affected at the cephalic adjacent segment more than the caudal one. Within the trade‐off region (as a motion‐preserving balance between the transition and adjacent segments), the stiffness‐related problem was reduced mostly in flexion by a flexible Dynesys cord. In contrast, Isobar damper afforded the effect of maximal allowable displacement (more than peak axial stiffness) to reduce stress within the pedicle and at facet joint. Pedicle‐screw travel at transition level was related to the extent of disc degeneration in Isobar damper‐joint (more than Dynesys cord spacer) attributing to the design effect of axial displacement and angular rotation under motion. In biomechanical characteristics relevant to clinical use, longitudinal cord/damper of dynamic hybrid lumbar fixators should be designed with less interface stress occurring at the screw‐vertebral junction and facet joint to decrease pedicle screw loosening/breakage under various disc degenerations.
Comparison of Total Corneal Astigmatism between IOLMaster and Pentacam
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Cao Xiaoguang , Bao Yongzhen
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To compare the total corneal astigmatism (TCA) measured by IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam and to investigate the consistency of corneal keratometry (CK) measured by IOLMaster and Pentacam. Methods. Cataract patients were retrospectively enrolled in March and April, 2021. Retrospective analysis was performed on those patients with binocular and monocular CK measured by IOLMaster and Pentacam. Results. A total of 102 patients (204 eyes) were included, 64 of whom were female (62.75%). The flat (K1) and steep (K2) CK of anterior corneal surface (ACS) and flat (TK1) and steep (TK2) of total cornea measured with IOLMaster 700 were 44.16 ± 1.60 D, 45.09 ± 1.68 D, 44.12 ± 1.62 D, and 45.14 ± 1.69 D, respectively. Those measured with Pentacam were 44.31 ± 1.57 D, 45.22 ± 1.65 D, 44.15 ± 1.67 D, and 45.19 ± 1.82 D, respectively. The astigmatism of ACS and TCA were −0.94 ± 0.63 D and −1.02 ± 0.69 D (p < 0.01) in the IOLMaster group and −0.90 ± 0.59 D and −1.05 ± 0.81 D in the Pentacam group, respectively (p < 0.01). TCA measurement results of IOLMaster and Pentacam were consistent (Pearson = 0.710, p < 0.01), and there was no significant difference (p = 0.591). Conclusions. Total corneal astigmatism measured by IOLMaster was consistent with that measured by Pentacam. The difference between the astigmatism of anterior corneal surface and total cornea was detected in the measurement of IOLMaster and Pentacam, respectively.
Expression and Mechanism of TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome in Sciatic Nerve of Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Han Le , Xi Guangxia , Guo Na , Guo Jing , Rong Qingfeng
Published: July 2022

Objective. To determine the expression profiling and mechanism of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in sciatic nerve (SN) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Methods. Ten out of the 35 healthy SD rats (specific pathogen free) purchased were randomized into the control group, while the others were established a T2DM model by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet plus laparoscopic injection of 1% streptozotocin (STZ). The successfully modeled rats were subgrouped into two arms: a DM group with 10 rats and a resveratrol- (RES-) treated DM intervention group with 11 rats. Normal saline to control and DM groups. Alterations in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) at different time points after administration were observed. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT) were measured. TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels in rat SN tissue were determined. Results. DM group rats showed higher FBG and lower BW than control rats at different time points (

P
<
0.05

). The FBG of DM intervention group at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after administration was lower, and the BW at 4 and 6 weeks after dosing was higher than DM group. Higher MPT and SNCV were determined in DM intervention group versus DM group (

P
<
0.05

). DM group rats had disordered, swollen, and dissolved SN myelin sheath structure; TXNIP inhibition led to a small amount of nerve myelin fragments and mild pathological changes. Lower TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β protein levels were found in DM intervention group versus DM group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM rats may be linked to TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation, indicating the potential of this pathway as a therapeutic target for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
Different Neighbourhoods via Ideals on Graphs
Authors: Çaksu Güler A.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we generate different approximations forj∈ {r,l, 〈r〉, 〈l〉,u,i, 〈u〉, 〈i〉} by using the concept of ideal,Nj‐neighbourhoods andPj‐neighbourhoods from vertices of a graph. Then, we compare these approximations with the previous one, and we see that these approximations are more accurate. Finally, we show that our approach is better with a real‐life problem from the field of chemistry by using these new approximations.
Deformation and Failure Law of Roadway along Goaf and Reserve Width of Section Coal Pillar
Authors: Chen Yunsheng , Sun Jian , Pang Di , Zhang Ruofei
Published: July 2022

It was a non-negligible problem in the reserve of section coal pillar in coal mining. Reasonable section coal pillar width and support parameters can not only ensure the stability of surrounding rock of roadway but also produce more coal resources and save support cost. In this paper, the mining of 9106 workface of Linfen Tianyu Hengsheng Coal Industry of Wanbei Coal Power Group was taken as the research engineering background. FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to simulate and analyze the laws of deformation failure of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m, 9 m, and 10 m coal pillars and surrounding rock of roadway along goaf without support conditions during the mining of 9106 workface. On this basis, the deformation failure law of 7 m and 8 m coal pillars and surrounding rock of roadway along goaf under different supporting conditions (bolt and cable with different row spacing) were further simulated and analyzed. The results showed that when 7 m coal pillars were reserved in 9106 roadway along goaf, the optimal bolt row spacing was 800 mm. When 8 m coal pillars were reserved, the bolt row spacing was preferred to be 900 mm. At this time, the width of coal pillar and support parameters can ensure the stability of roadway surrounding rock during the mining process of 9106 workface and can produce more coal resources and save support cost.
Assessment of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 as a Biomarker of Clinical Response in Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sowalsky Adam G. , Figueiredo Ines , Lis Rosina T. , Coleman Ilsa , Gurel Bora , Bogdan Denisa , Yuan Wei , Russo Joshua W. , Bright John R. , Whitlock Nichelle C. , Trostel Shana Y. , Ku Anson T. , Patel Radhika A. , True Lawrence D. , Welti Jonathan , Jimenez-Vacas Juan M. , Rodrigues Daniel Nava , Riisnaes Ruth , Neeb Antje , Sprenger Cynthia T. , Swain Amanda , Wilkinson Scott , Karzai Fatima , Dahut William L. , Balk Steven P. , Corey Eva , Nelson Peter S. , Haffner Michael C. , Plymate Stephen R. , de Bono Johann S. , Sharp Adam
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR) have improved the outcome for patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Expression of the constitutively active AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has shown clinical utility as a predictive biomarker of AR-targeted therapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its importance in CSPC remains understudied.

Experimental Design:

We assessed different approaches to quantify AR-V7 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, publicly available cohorts, and independent institutional clinical cohorts, to identify reliable approaches for detecting AR-V7 mRNA and protein and its association with clinical outcome.

Results:

In CSPC and CRPC cohorts, AR-V7 mRNA was much less abundant when detected using reads across splice boundaries than when considering isoform-specific exonic reads. The RM7 AR-V7 antibody had increased sensitivity and specificity for AR-V7 protein detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CRPC cohorts but rarely identified AR-V7 protein reactivity in CSPC cohorts, when compared with the EPR15656 AR-V7 antibody. Using multiple CRPC PDX models, we demonstrated that AR-V7 expression was exquisitely sensitive to hormonal manipulation. In CSPC institutional cohorts, AR-V7 protein quantification by either assay was associated neither with time to development of castration resistance nor with overall survival, and intense neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy did not lead to significant AR-V7 mRNA or staining following treatment. Neither pre- nor posttreatment AR-V7 levels were associated with volumes of residual disease after therapy.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that further analytical validation and clinical qualification are required before AR-V7 can be considered for clinical use in CSPC as a predictive biomarker.
The Need for Routine Native Nephrectomy in the Workup for Kidney Transplantation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Casteleijn Niek F. , Geertsema Paul , Koorevaar Iris W. , Inkelaar Friso D.J. , Jansen Marnix R. , Lohuis Steven J. , Meijer Esther , Pol Robert A. , Sanders Jan-Stephan , van de Streek Peter E. , Leliveld Anna M. , Gansevoort Ron T.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: There is no consensus if nor when a native nephrectomy should be performed in the workup for kidney transplantation in ADPKD patients. In our PKD Expertise Center, a restrictive approach is pursued in which nephrectomy is performed only in patients with severe complaints, i.e., in case of serious volume-related complaints, lack of space for the allograft, recurrent cyst infections, persistent cyst bleedings, or chronic refractory pain. We analyzed in a retrospective cohort study whether this approach is justified. Methods: All ADPKD patients who received kidney transplantation between January 2000 and January 2019 were reviewed. Patients were subdivided into three groups: no nephrectomy (no-Nx), nephrectomy performed before (pre-Tx), or after kidney transplantation (post-Tx). Simultaneous nephrectomy together with transplantation were not performed in our center. Results: 391 patients (54 ± 9 years, 55% male) were included. The majority of patients did not undergo a nephrectomy (n = 257, 65.7%). A nephrectomy was performed pre-Tx in 114 patients (29.2%). After Tx, nephrectomy was performed in only 30 patients (7.7%, median 4.4 years post-Tx). Surgery-related complication rates did not differ between both groups (38.3% pre-Tx vs. 27.0% post-Tx, p = 0.2), nor were there any differences in 10-year patient survival (74.4% pre-Tx vs. 80.7% post-Tx vs. 67.6% no-Nx, p = 0.4), as well as in 10-year death-censored graft survival (84.4% pre-Tx vs. 85.5% post-Tx vs. 90.0% no-Nx, p = 0.9). Conclusions: This study indicates that with a restrictive nephrectomy policy in the workup for kidney transplantation, only a part of ADPKD patients need a native nephrectomy.
Characterizing Dynamic Neural Representations of Scene Attractiveness
Authors: Kaiser Daniel
Published: July 2022

Aesthetic experiences during natural vision are varied: They can arise from viewing scenic landscapes, interesting architecture, or attractive people. Recent research in the field of neuroaesthetics has taught us a lot about where in the brain such aesthetic experiences are represented. Much less is known about when such experiences arise during the cortical processing cascade. Particularly, the dynamic neural representation of perceived attractiveness for rich natural scenes is not well understood. Here, I present data from an EEG experiment, in which participants provided attractiveness judgments for a set of diverse natural scenes. Using multivariate pattern analysis, I demonstrate that scene attractiveness is mirrored in early brain signals that arise within 200 msec of vision, suggesting that the aesthetic appeal of scenes is first resolved during perceptual processing. In more detailed analyses, I show that even such early neural correlates of scene attractiveness are partly related to interindividual variation in aesthetic preferences and that they generalize across scene contents. Together, these results characterize the time-resolved neural dynamics that give rise to aesthetic experiences in complex natural environments.
A new Cangoderces (Araneae, Telemidae) from DR Congo, the first telemid from Central Africa
Authors: JOCQUÉ RUDY , JOCQUE MERLIJN , MBENDE MENARD
Published: July 2022

Spiders collected as part of a rapid biodiversity survey in lowland forest in Democratic Republic Congo contained a new species of Cangoderces Harington, 1951 (Telemidae). The male of the new Cangoderces wewef sp. n. is characterized by the male palp with a deep triangular dorsal indentation of the bulbus and the apophyses at the base of the embolus. The female is recognized by the shape of the sclerotized spermatheca in the endogyne. The presence of the species in DR Congo fills the huge distribution gap between the species known from South Africa, Kenya and western Africa.
An interventionist sociologist: Stuart Hall, public engagement and racism
Authors: Murji Karim
Published: July 2022

While Stuart Hall is often acknowledged as a public intellectual, it is argued here that a better way of understanding his practice is as an interventionist, whose public engagements are always set in a specific context. This way of seeing Hall draws on his own words and from approaches to intellectual work that foreground how scholars present themselves. Combining this approach with Hall’s own reading of Gramsci as a grounded intellectual, this article then illustrates the idea of Hall as an interventionist sociologist through three examples of his public works on race and racism, exemplifying his well-known use of conjunctural analysis. Thus, the purpose of this article is twofold: first it seeks to ‘disambiguate’ Hall from the public intellectual label; and secondly in resituating him it highlights his public engagements on race as interventions in and as sociology.