bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis
Authors: Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Holm Hilma , Benonisdottir Stefania , Olafsdottir Thorhildur , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Eggertsson Hannes P. , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Hjorleifsson Kristjan E. , Melsted Pall , Gylfason Arnaldur , Arnadottir Gudny A. , Oddsson Asmundur , Jensson Brynjar O. , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Juliusdottir Thorhildur , Stefansdottir Lilja , Tragante Vinicius , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Petersen Hannes , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Hinriksdottir Ingibjorg , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Stefansson Kari
Published: June 2021

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory disorder in older adults. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 121,934 ARHI cases and 591,699 controls from Iceland and the UK. We identified 21 novel sequence variants, of which 13 are rare, under either additive or recessive models. Of special interest are a missense variant in LOXHD1 (MAF = 1.96%) and a tandem duplication in FBF1 covering 4 exons (MAF = 0.22%) associating with ARHI (OR = 3.7 for homozygotes, P = 1.7 × 10−22 and OR = 4.2 for heterozygotes, P = 5.7 × 10−27, respectively). We constructed an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS) using common variants and showed that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants. Furthermore, we found that ARHI and tinnitus share genetic causes. This study sheds a new light on the genetic architecture of ARHI, through several rare variants in both Mendelian deafness genes and genes not previously linked to hearing.
In situ plant materials hyperspectral imaging by multimodal scattering near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Charrier Anne M. , Normand Aubin C. , Passian Ali , Schaefer Philip , Lereu Aude L.
Published: June 2021

Plant cells are elaborate three-dimensional polymer nano-constructs with complex chemistry. The bulk response of plants to light, in the far-field, is ultimately encoded by optical scattering from these nano-constructs. Their chemical and physical properties may be acquired through their interaction with a modulated nano-tip using scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. Here, using this technique, we present 20 nm spatial resolution mechanical, spectral and optical mappings of plant cell walls. We first address the problem of plant polymers tracking through pretreatment and processing. Specifically, cellulose and lignin footprints are traced within a set of delignified specimen, establishing the factors hindering complete removal of lignin, an important industrial polymer. Furthermore, we determine the frequency dependent dielectric function $${\epsilon }(\omega)={(n+ik)}^{2}$$
ϵ

(

ω

)

=

(

n
+
i
k

)

2

of plant material in the range 28 ≤ ω ≤ 58 THz, and show how the environmental chemical variation is imprinted in the nanoscale variability of n and k. This nanometrology is a promise for further progress in the development of plant-based (meta-)materials.
A comprehensive overview of vaccines developed for pandemic viral pathogens over the past two decades including those in clinical trials for the current novel SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Damodharan Kannan , Arumugam Gandarvakottai Senthilkumar , Ganesan Suresh , Doble Mukesh , Thennarasu Sathiah
Published: June 2021

We describe updated information on the various vaccines available over the last two decades, along with recent progress in developing 63 diverse vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Using micro pillar array columns (μPAC) for the analysis of permethylated glycans
Authors: Cho Byeong Gwan , Jiang Peilin , Goli Mona , Gautam Sakshi , Mechref Yehia
Published: June 2021

The use of both 50 cm and 200 cm micro pillar array column (μPAC) for the analysis of permethylated glycan is demonstrated and assessed.
A coumarin-based fluorescence sensor for rapid discrimination of cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione under dual excitation wavelengths
Authors: Chao Jianbin , Zhao Jiamin , Zhang Yongbin , Huo Fangjun , Yin Caixia
Published: June 2021

Biological thiols (Cys, Hcy and GSH) are crucial biomolecules in living cells and play indispensable roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis of organisms.
Collection of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles from asphalt fumes and quantification by an HPLC-DAD method
Authors: Cargnin Rejane Secretti , Adolfo Franciele Rovasi , Cícero do Nascimento Paulo , Schmidt Patrícia , Brudi Letícia Callegaro , Machado de Carvalho Leandro , Bohrer do Nascimento Denise , Coutinho Cravo Margareth Carvalho , Herrmann do Nascimento Luis Alberto
Published: June 2021

A chromatographic method is described for the separation and quantification of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) using liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (DAD).
Pillar[6]quinone: facile synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical properties
Authors: Hirohata Tomoki , Shida Naoki , Uekusa Hidehiro , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Nishihara Hirotomo , Ogoshi Tomoki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke
Published: June 2021

Pillar[6]quinone has been synthesized for the first time by oxidation of pillar[6]arene, showing hexagonal columnar stacking in the solid state.
Controlling the self-assembly of human calcitonin: a theoretical approach using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Paul Srijita , Paul Sandip
Published: June 2021

We study the amyloidogenic behavior of human calcitonin (hCT) and its peptide based derivatives i.e., sCT, phCT, N17H hCT, Y12L hCT and DM hCT, through classical molecular dynamics simulations.
Scattering length scaling rules for atom–atom–anion three-body recombination of zero-energy 4He4He6Li− system
Authors: Wang Bin-Bin
Published: June 2021

Power scattering length scaling rules are found and analyzed for three-body recombination of zero-energy 4He4He6Li− systems, which may be universal for neutral–neutral–ion systems with only the neutral–neutral interaction being resonantly tuned.
A multiple regression model framework for designing a UVC LED reactor for point-of-use water treatment
Authors: Wu Ziqi , Barua Himel , Rylski Jolanta R. , Taylor Joshua B. , Kim Jun
Published: June 2021

Biodosimetry validated UV fluence models combined with a full factorial design-of-experiments provided an innovative framework for understanding the main effects and interactions among key design factors for optimization of a UVC LED reactor.
Quercetin nanoformulations: a promising strategy for tumor therapy
Authors: Zang Xinlong , Cheng Mingyang , Zhang Xiaoxu , Chen Xuehong
Published: June 2021

An overview of modulation effects on the components within tumor microenvironment by quercetin.
Multiple exciton generation in isolated and interacting silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Marri Ivan , Ossicini Stefano
Published: June 2021

Carrier multiplication can be exploited to improve solar cell efficiency increasing the number of e-h pairs generated after absorption of a single photon. Pairs with excess energy decays non-radiatively toward band edges generating extra pairs.
Visible light-degradable supramolecular gels comprising cross-linked polyrotaxanes capped with trithiocarbonate groups
Authors: Kang Tae Woong , Tamura Atsushi , Arisaka Yoshinori , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: June 2021

Visible light-degradable supramolecular gels were designed using polyrotaxanes (PRXs) containing bulky trithiocarbonate groups as stopper molecules that are cleaved by visible light irradiation.
Synthesis of catalysts with fine platinum particles supported by high-surface-area activated carbons and optimization of their catalytic activities for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Rahman Md. Mijanur , Inaba Kenta , Batnyagt Garavdorj , Saikawa Masato , Kato Yoshiki , Awata Rina , Delgertsetsega Byambasuren , Kaneta Yasuo , Higashi Kotaro , Uruga Tomoya , Iwasawa Yasuhiro , Ui Koichi , Takeguchi Tatsuya
Published: June 2021

Herein, we demonstrated that carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is a low-cost and high-performance electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs).
Bonding diversity in rock salt-type tellurides: examining the interdependence between chemical bonding and materials properties
Authors: Simons Jasmin , Hempelmann Jan , Fries Kai S. , Müller Peter C. , Dronskowski Richard , Steinberg Simon
Published: June 2021

Future technologies are in need of solid-state materials showing the desired chemical and physical properties, and designing such materials requires a proper understanding of their electronic structures.
Synthesis of highly stable fluorescent poly(methacrylic acid-co-itaconic)-protected silver nanoclusters and sensitive detection of Cu2+
Authors: Zhu Guangyu , Hu Hanjia , Yang Tao , Ma Junjun , Zhang Sanjun , He Xiaohua
Published: June 2021

Silver nanoclusters were synthesized through one-step UV photoreduction using the multiple carboxyl copolymer poly(methacrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) as a novel template, which can be used for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+ by fluorescence quenching.
Nanopatterns of molecular spoked wheels as giant homologues of benzene tricarboxylic acids
Authors: Keller Tristan J. , Sterzenbach Christopher , Bahr Joshua , Schneiders Taria L. , Bursch Markus , Kohn Julia , Eder Theresa , Lupton John M. , Grimme Stefan , Höger Sigurd , Jester Stefan-S.
Published: June 2021

Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of phenylene-based molecular spoked wheels with D3h and Cs symmetries on graphite show the competitive or complementary effects of carboxylic acid groups and alkoxy chains on the nanopattern formation.
Molecular design of thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters for narrowband orange–red OLEDs boosted by a cyano-functionalization strategy
Authors: Liu Yang , Xiao Xin , Ran You , Bin Zhengyang , You Jingsong
Published: June 2021

The first example of narrowband orange–red MR-TADF emitters has been developed, which realizes a record-high EQE of 33.7% in OLEDs.
A kinetically stable anode interface for Li3YCl6-based all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Ji Weixiao , Zheng Dong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Ding Tianyao , Qu Deyang
Published: June 2021

For the first time, protected metallic Li is employed as anode in halide-based all-solid-state batteries. A kinetically stable anode interface is realized by inserting an argyrodite interlayer between halide electrolyte and lithium metal.
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction efficiently catalyzed by Ru–N coupling in defect-rich Ru/g-C3N4 nanosheets
Authors: Li Dongze , Liu Yang , Liu Zong , Yang Jun , Hu Chaoquan , Feng Ligang
Published: June 2021

Defect-rich Ru/g-C3N4 nanosheets with efficient Ru–N coupling are reported for hydrogen generation both in alkaline and acidic electrolytes.
Chlorine management of a carbon counter electrode for high performance printable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Xinmiao , Lu Lei , Gu Dawei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yu He , Chen Feng , Rui Yunjun , Hou Jiwei , Yang Ying
Published: June 2021

The schematic of the effects of chlorinated graphite (C–Cl) on the interface of carbon and perovskite and the energy level alignment.
The influence of Sc substitution on the crystal structure and scintillation properties of LuBO3:Ce3+ based on a combinatorial materials chip and high-throughput XRD
Authors: Liang Shan-Shan , Huang Meng , Wang Yu , Li Qian-Li , Yang Xin-Xin , Zhao Jing-Tai , Gao Xing-Yu , Yin Guang-Zhi , Liu Qian , Zhang Zhi-Jun
Published: June 2021

The effect of Sc substitution on the crystal struture of LuBO3:Ce3+ based on  high-effectively combinatorial materials method and high-throughput XRD.
The Impact of Hearing Experience on Children's Use of Phonological and Semantic Information During Lexical Access
Authors: Simeon Katherine M. , Grieco-Calub Tina M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which phonological competition and semantic priming influence lexical access in school-aged children with cochlear implants (CIs) and children with normal acoustic hearing.

Method

Participants included children who were 5–10 years of age with either normal hearing (
n
= 41) or bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and used CIs (
n
= 13). All participants completed a two-alternative forced-choice task while eye gaze to visual images was recorded and quantified during a word recognition task. In this task, the target image was juxtaposed with a competitor image that was either a phonological onset competitor (i.e., shared the same initial consonant–vowel–consonant syllable as the target) or an unrelated distractor. Half of the trials were preceded by an image prime that was semantically related to the target image.

Results

Children with CIs showed evidence of phonological competition during real-time processing of speech. This effect, however, was less and occurred later in the time course of speech processing than what was observed in children with normal hearing. The presence of a semantically related visual prime reduced the effects of phonological competition in both groups of children but to a greater degree in children with CIs.

Conclusions

Children with CIs were able to process single words similarly to their counterparts with normal hearing. However, children with CIs appeared to have increased reliance on surrounding semantic information compared to their normal-hearing counterparts.
Metal‐organic framework‐based biomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Luo Gang , Jiang Yanan , Xie Chaoming , Lu Xiong
Published: June 2021

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) refer to porous coordination materials that are formed from the assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. They have unique features, such as a large specific surface area, multiple active sites, easy functionalisation, and adjustable biocompatibility. MOFs have recently been widely used in the field of biomedical engineering owing to their unique structures and properties. This has enabled them to replace traditional materials and effectively address several problems. Through continuous development, MOF‐based biomaterials have been remarkably improved by clarifying the relationship between MOF structures and properties. As a result, they are being extensively studied in the fields of chemical and material science. MOF‐based biomaterials can meet the growing demands for efficient materials in biomedical applications. This review first discusses the basic structure of MOFs, followed by their preparation and functionalisation methods. The biomedical applications of MOF‐based biomaterials in the fields of antibacterial activity, tumour therapy, skin repair, and bone repair are then summarised. Finally, challenges and future perspectives in the biomedical applications of MOF‐based biomaterials are outlined.
Efficiency of non-thermal desorptions in cold-core conditions
Authors: Wakelam V. , Dartois E. , Chabot M. , Spezzano S. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Loison J.-C. , Fuente A.
Published: June 2021

Context.Under cold conditions in dense cores, gas-phase molecules and atoms are depleted from the gas-phase to the surface of interstellar grains. Considering the time scales and physical conditions within these cores, a portion of these molecules has to be brought back into the gas-phase to explain their observation by milimeter telescopes.

Aims.We tested the respective efficiencies of the different mechanisms commonly included in the models (photo-desorption, chemical desorption, and cosmic-ray-induced whole-grain heating). We also tested the addition of sputtering of ice grain mantles via a collision with cosmic rays in the electronic stopping power regime, leading to a localized thermal spike desorption that was measured in the laboratory.

Methods.The ice sputtering induced by cosmic rays has been added to the Nautilus gas-grain model while the other processes were already present. Each of these processes were tested on a 1D physical structure determined by observations in TMC1 cold cores. We focused the discussion on the main ice components, simple molecules usually observed in cold cores (CO, CN, CS, SO, HCN, HC3N, and HCO+), and complex organic molecules (COMs such as CH3OH, CH3CHO, CH3OCH3, and HCOOCH3). The resulting 1D chemical structure was also compared to methanol gas-phase abundances observed in these cores.

Results.We found that all species are not sensitive in the same way to the non-thermal desorption mechanisms, and the sensitivity also depends on the physical conditions. Thus, it is mandatory to include all of them. Chemical desorption seems to be essential in reproducing the observations for H densities smaller than 4 × 104cm−3, whereas sputtering is essential above this density. The models are, however, systematically below the observed methanol abundances. A more efficient chemical desorption and a more efficient sputtering could better reproduce the observations.

Conclusions.In conclusion, the sputtering of ices by cosmic-rays collisions may be the most efficient desorption mechanism at high density (a few 104cm−3under the conditions studied here) in cold cores, whereas chemical desorption is still required at smaller densities. Additional works are needed on both mechanisms to assess their efficiency with respect to the main ice composition.
Large closed-field corona of WX Ursae Majoris evidenced from radio observations
Authors: Davis I. , Vedantham H. K. , Callingham J. R. , Shimwell T. W. , Vidotto A. A. , Zarka P. , Ray T. P. , Drabent A.
Published: June 2021

The space-weather conditions that result from stellar winds significantly impact the habitability of exoplanets. The conditions can be calculated from first principles if the necessary boundary conditions are specified, namely the plasma density in the outer corona and the radial distance at which the plasma forces the closed magnetic field into an open geometry. Low frequency radio observations (ν ≲ 200 MHz) of plasma and cyclotron emission from stars probe these magneto-ionic conditions. Here we report the detection of low-frequency (120–167 MHz) radio emission associated with the dMe6 star WX UMa. If the emission originates in WX UMa’s corona, we show that the closed field region extends to at least ≈10 stellar radii, which is about a factor of a few larger than the solar value, and possibly to ≳20 stellar radii. Our results suggest that the magnetic-field structure of M dwarfs is in between Sun-like and planet-like configurations, where compact over-dense coronal loops with X-ray emitting plasma co-exist with a large-scale magnetosphere with a lower plasma density and closed magnetic geometry.
Experimental study on the effects of used HEPA filters on water environment
Authors: Liu Yunquan , Peng Sanxi , Shan Huimei , Zhao Yanlian
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the commonly used High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA) material as the research object, through the design of indoor experiment, using pure water, groundwater, and rainwater solution to soak, analysis of unused and abandoned the mesh in different water chemical solution release/adsorption law of anion and metal components, in order to find out its potential impact on the water environment. Results showed that: (1) when the waste HEPA filters were soaked in water solutions, the maximum average release amounts $$(\overline {{Q_{max}}} )$$ of four anions were in a order as: $${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - } > {\rm{NO}}_3^ - > {\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^ - } > {{\rm{F}}^ - }$$. Pure waters showed the highest $$(\overline {{Q_{max}}} )$$ of Cl- and $${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $$, which were 1.2120 and 0.3387 mg/g, respectively. Groundwater showed the highest $$(\overline {{Q_{max}}} )$$ of $${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - } > $$ and F-, which were 6.7329 and 0.0348 mg/g. These indicated that $${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - } > $$ was the major anion pollutant for waste HEPA filters soaked in water solutions, and groundwater and pure water were more susceptible to be contaminated by anions released from waste HEPA filters. (2) the $$(\overline {{Q_{max}}} )$$ of three metals released from waste HEPA filters were in a order as Zn> Pb> As, in which, groundwater showed the highest $$(\overline {{Q_{max}}} )$$ of Zn (2.21 μg/g), followed by rainwater and pure water. This meant that Zn is the major heavy metal pollutant released from waste HEPA filters into the water environment, and groundwater was more susceptible to be contaminated by metals released from waste HEPA filters. (3) None Zn, Pb, and As were released in these three different solutions for the unused filter, indicating that it has almost no contamination threat to the water environment. This study is expected to further improve the understanding of water environmental pollution prevention and management, and provide a theoretical basis for China’s ecological environment protection.
Economic analysis of new rural cooperative medical service financing model based on environment perspective
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Huaisheng , Luo Shanxing
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to continuously to improve health security benefit of China’s New Rural Cooperative Medical System (CNRCMS). In the light of consumer’s choice theory and life-cycle theory, from the perspective of cost, efficiency and utility, this paper analyses the health effects of the typical financing models in different environments. The results show that different environmental conditions are significantly related to the adaptability of the rural social and economic development level to the fund-raising model. The conclusion is that improving the environment and establishing multiple health insurance mode are of great significance to reduce the financing cost and improve the health status of the CNRCMS.
Effect of constructed wetland system on aquaculture wastewater by ecological treatment
Authors: Tang Ruohan , Chen Xiang , Ou Yuling , Xu Yeqin , Chen Zhi
Published: June 2021

In this study, an integrated ecological system was constructed to treat small scattered aquaculture wastewater in southern rural areas of China. The water outlet of 4 level wetlands was continuously monitored from July to December in 2017. Results showed the average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 43.64mg/L, 17.53mg/L, 1.71mg/L, 1.66mg/L and 51.39mg/L in the average effluent concentration of grade I wetland, respectively, and 8.35mg/L, 4.42mg/L, 0.24mg/L, 0.26mg/L, 21.32mg/L in the average effluent concentration of grade IV wetland, respectively. The removal rates were 81%, 75%, 86%, 85% and 59% for TN, NH4+-N, NO3-N, TP and COD in the integrated ecological system, respectively. The effluents from the integrated ecological system met the requirements of “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding” (GB 18596-2001) and achieved “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” (GB 18918-2002) the center two levels to discharge the standard. Obviously, the integrated ecological system could work efficiently in treating the rural scattered aquaculture wastewater, and also possess merits of low construction and operation costs and simple management method, which will be benefited to its application in the southern rural regions of China.
The relationship between human development and the cost of addictive goods in the regions of Russia
Authors: Skokov Roman
Published: June 2021

The study is aimed to establish the relationship between the indicator of the share of expenditures on alcoholic beverages in household final consumption expenditures and the value of the human development index. The object of research is the regions of the Russian Federation. The research is based on methods of the mathematical and statistical analysis of data of UNDP and Rosstat. Alcohol expenditures are decreasing in almost all regions against the background of the growth of the human development index. At the same time, half of the regions with a relatively low human development index have higher spending on alcoholic beverages and vice versa. In the Stavropol Territory and the Ivanovo Region, spending on alcoholic beverages is growing and there is a direct link with the human development index. The leaders in spending on alcoholic beverages are the Rostov Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Kirov Region, the Murmansk Region, Karelia, the Kostroma Region, the Kaluga Region, the Komi Republic, the Khabarovsk Territory, and the Pskov Region. In these regions, except for Komi, against the background of high spending on alcoholic beverages, a relatively low human development index. In St. Petersburg with a high index of development, high expenditures on alcoholic beverages, in Moscow and the Republic of Tatarstan, also with a high human development index, expenditures on alcoholic beverages are average. North Ossetia, Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Chechen Republic have the lowest expenditures on alcoholic beverages among all constituent entities of Russia, but also relatively low human development index indicators. The regions with low expenditures on alcoholic beverages are also the Tambov Region, Novgorod Region, Ryazan Region, Republic of Adygea, Buryatia, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Altai, Magadan Region, Irkutsk Region, Ulyanovsk Region.
Use of the CANopen protocol in vibration control systems of rotary machines
Authors: Kovalyov Oleg , Chebakov Yurii
Published: June 2021

Currently, most accidents and disasters at power plants are associated with fatigue failure of machines, mechanisms and assemblies caused by vibration. To prevent real threats of man-made disasters, there is an urgent need for objective monitoring of the current technical condition of mechanisms without disassembling them, during operation, repair and adjustment. The article proposes to use innovative approaches in the design of reliable and high-speed communication systems for the control of diagnostics and vibration monitoring of rotary-type machines in the form of a high-level network protocol running on top of the physical interface CAN (Controller Area Network). The aim of the study is to develop proposals for the use of the CANopen protocol in vibration control systems for rotary-type machines. The authors of the article analyzed the causes of man-made accidents at energy enterprises, identified the goals and objectives of vibration control of rotary machines and substantiated the possibility of using the CANopen protocol in vibration control systems. This will allow the exchange of data between devices from different manufacturers and ensures the interchangeability of devices. Thus, the authors concluded that the use of the CANopen protocol in vibration control systems for rotary-type machines is a promising direction that allows engineers to solve the necessary technical problems using modern methods.
About the Legendre type operators
Authors: Maleko Evgeny
Published: June 2021

The article considers Legendre type operators acting in the corresponding weight separable Hilbert spaces. The choice of these spaces is due to the fact that these operators preserve all properties of the Legendre operator acting on L2 (-1,1). In particular,1) the Legendre type operators, operating in respective weight separable Hilbert spaces, remain discrete,2) the spectrum does not change relative to the classical Legendre operator,3) the corresponding eigenfunctions are compositions of Legendre polynomials and some functions.
Development of hybrid photo-wind power systems with a diesel generator to overcome energy shortages
Authors: Al-Rufaee Faez , Abd Ali Laythи , Kuvshinov Vladimir
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses the possibilities of using hybrid composite structures to overcome the energy shortage in Iraq, as well as the development of an efficient system of solar, wind turbine diesel generators. In this article, a Diesel Generator is combined with a wind turbine and batteries on the basis that the sun’s energy is not constant over time. The simulation was carried out using the HOMER program, which allows a detailed analysis of the volume and power of energy generated by the proposed system. The HOMER program is used for technical, economic, and environmental assessments. According to the results of the study, it was established that the most effective solution for saving electricity and overcoming energy shortages is a system consisting of renewable sources, as well as a diesel generator with batteries. The results also show that renewable energy sources used in the hybrid system provide about 69.2% of the electricity generated. This certainly improves the reliability of the electricity generated and reduces the fuel and maintenance costs of diesel generators, as well as saving the environment. The analysis of optimal systems is explained in detail to find the most achievable autonomous system.
Probabilistic fatigue life prediction of metallic components based on continuum damage mechanics
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Sun Qin
Published: June 2021

Based on continuum damage mechanics, a probabilistic method of predicting high-cycle fatigue life for metallic components is proposed. First, macro-meso two-scale stress-strain equations are established by combining Eshelby-Kroner localization law and classic elastic-plastic constitutive equation. Second, some parameters in Lemaitre's fatigue damage evolution model are randomized. Probabilistic properties of which are obtained by inverse-analysis and optimization. Then, the probabilistic method of predicting high-cycle fatigue life is established by coupling the model with macro-meso two-scale equations. And the proposed algorithm is coded with Fortran language, which is non-intrusive post-program of FEM analysis. Next, constant amplitude fatigue test of Al 2024-T3 coupon is performed to determine probabilistic properties of model parameters. Finally, as the object of study, wallboard is analyzed by FEM. Taking skin-strip component as research object, the fatigue life of hot spot is predicted by proposed method. The corresponding fatigue test of the component is performed, which verifies the effectiveness of proposed method to predict probabilistic life of metallic components.
Research on matching conditions of coaxial six-branch split-torsion herringbone gear transmission system
Authors: Li Zhibin , Wang Sanmin , Li Fei , Peng Qi'an , Li Jianfeng
Published: June 2021

Compared with traditional gear transmission, the multi-branch split-torsion gear transmission system has the advantages of large transmission power, small size and high reliability, so it is more and more used in high-speed heavy load occasions such as ships and aircraft. Since the transmission system of multi-branch split torsional gears belongs to over-constrained configuration, it is necessary to meet strict tooth matching condition in the design process in order to realize the correct synchronous meshing of each branch, which is of great significance to ensure its uniform installation and motion synchronization.Aiming at the coaxial six-branch twisted herringbone gear transmission system, this paper establishes a calculation method for the proper meshing conditions of each branch on the basis of considering the movement synchronization of each branch and preventing geometric interference.In addition, the calculation of gear allocation was carried out for a ship's power transmission system, and a parameter scheme that satisfies the requirements of transmission ratio, concentricity and synchronous meshing was obtained.The correctness of the calculation method of tooth matching in this paper is verified by three-dimensional modeling. This method has universal application value to the tooth matching design of other coaxial multi-branch gear transmissions.
Performance optimization scheme of turboshaft aeroengine based on Bayesian network
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Yuhang , Cai Zhiqiang , Zhang Shuai
Published: June 2021

The turboshaft aeroengine is mainly used in helicopters. As a power device that drives the rotor to generate lift and propulsion, it has been rapidly developed in recent years. The manufacturing process of turboshaft aeroengine is complex, and there is a strict factory inspection mechanism. Only when the various performance indicators meet the qualified requirements of the factory conditions, it makes the ex factory pass rate of turboshaft aeroengine often not ideal. The key section temperature is an important indicator to characterize the performance of turboshaft aeroengine. In order to ensure the reliability of the whole machine, it has a maximum temperature limit. According to the manufacturer's suggestions, four attribute variables that affect the key section temperature are extracted to form a research data set. Then, after preprocessing the data set, the performance model for the turboshaft aeroengine is established based on the Bayesian network. According to the characteristics of Bayesian network, the posterior qualified probability is calculated through probabilistic reasoning of the performance model, and the current mainstream machine learning algorithms are introduced to compare and verify the validity of the performance model. Finally, the recommended state combination table is proposed, which provides the effective suggestions for the performance optimization of turboshaft aeroengine.
Resilienz in der Ernährungsberatung
Authors: Wyss Shima
Published: June 2021

Resilienz ist eine Bezeichnung für die psychische Widerstandsfähigkeit, die Menschen dazu befähigt, besser mit Krisensituationen umzugehen. Doch weshalb ist sie denn wichtig in der Ernährungsberatung? Schließlich wird das Gegenüber beraten und nicht die Experten – oder etwa nicht?
Der Streit um Walt Whitmans Homosexualität und Magnus Hirschfelds Zwischenstufenlehre
Authors: Herzer-Wigglesworth Manfred
Published: June 2021

Von 1905 bis 1922 führte Eduard Bertz, ein Mitarbeiter Magnus Hirschfelds, eine literarische Fehde gegen einige Verehrer Walt Whitmans, die den US-amerikanischen Dichter trotz der unverhohlen schwulen Bekenntnisse in seinem Werk für einen vollkommenen Frauenliebhaber hielten und alle davon abweichenden Ansichten als Herabwürdigung ihres Idols bekämpften. Bertz’ Beweisführung zu Whitmans Homosexualität wurde von Hirschfeld akzeptiert, obwohl sie, scheinbar auf dem Boden der Zwischenstufenlehre Hirschfelds stehend, Whitman als entarteten und pathologischen Jugendverführer brandmarkte. Die beiden Schriftsteller Gustav Landauer (1907) und Thomas Mann (1922) stimmten Hirschfelds Einschätzung zu, dass Homosexualität genauso gesund und normal wie Heterosexualität sei, und wandten sich strikt gegen konträre Mehrheitsmeinungen, nach denen Homosexualität per se Krankheit und Entartung sei.
Vom Modell zur Regionalen Regelversorgung
Authors: Deister Arno , Michels Rolf
Published: June 2021

Ziel Modellprojekte eines Regionalen Budgets bzw. eines Modellprojekts nach § 64b SGB V gibt es inzwischen seit mehr als 18 Jahren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die strukturellen, ökonomischen und fachlichen Langzeiteffekte beschrieben.

Methodik Anhand des Modellprojekts im Kreis Steinburg (Schleswig-Holstein) werden die Entwicklungen zwischen 2002 (Indexjahr) und 2020 beschrieben, die sich durch das Regionale Budget entwickelt haben. Die Arbeit beschreibt die Situation und deren spezifische Veränderungen in der ersten deutschen Modellregion. Eine vergleichbare Kontrollgruppe besteht nicht.

Ergebnisse In dem beobachteten Zeitraum war die Zahl der behandelten Menschen insgesamt stabil und bewegte sich im vertraglich vereinbarten Korridor. Die Versorgung hat sich stärker als im deutschen Durchschnitt von der vollstationären in die ambulante und tagesklinische Behandlung verlagert. Die Kosten sind stabil geblieben und unterscheiden sich damit deutlich von der Kostensteigerung im Gesundheitswesen insgesamt. Es konnten neue Versorgungskonzepte umgesetzt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Die beschriebenen Modellprojekte führen zu einer settingunabhängigen Versorgung und eignen sich für die Regelversorgung in einer definierten Region.
Roboter-assistierte Chirurgie des Nierenzellkarzinoms – heute ein Standard?
Authors: Zeuschner Philip , Siemer Stefan
Published: June 2021

Seit der Erstbeschreibung Roboter-assistierter Nierentumoroperationen im Jahr 2001
sind 20 Jahre vergangen, das Verfahren wird aber immer noch nicht flächendeckend in
jeder deutschen urologischen Klinik angeboten. Insofern stellt sich die Frage, ob
Roboter-assistierte Nierentumoreingriffe heutzutage als Standard angesehen werden
können.

Bis heute liegen für die Roboter-assistierte radikale Nephrektomie keine
randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien zum Vergleich mit dem offenen oder laparoskopischen
Vorgehen vor. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass gegenüber der offenen Nephrektomie sowohl
Laparoskopie als auch Robotik insgesamt bessere perioperative Ergebnisse bei
vergleichbarem onkologischen Outcome ermöglichen. Im direkten Vergleich beider
minimal-invasiver Techniken gibt es keine eindeutigen Unterschiede, und insofern keinen
Zusatznutzen für den Roboter, zumal die Operation robotisch meist teurer ist. Die
Ausweitung der chirurgischen Indikationsstellung und erste Studien zur
Roboter-assistierten Entfernung lokal weit fortgeschrittener Nierenzellkarzinome mit
Level III bis IV Tumorthromben in der Vena cava deuten aber an, dass die robotische
Nephrektomie insbesondere bei hoch komplexen Operationen dem laparoskopischen Zugang
überlegen sein kann.

Auch bezüglich der Roboter-assistierten Nierenteilresektion liegen bis heute keine
prospektiv-randomisierten Studien vor. Trotzdem ließ sich bei robotisch wie auch
laparoskopisch durchgeführten Nierenteilresektionen binnen weniger Jahre bei
ausreichender Erfahrung des Operateurs eine geringere Morbidität gegenüber der offenen
Operation feststellen. Im direkten Vergleich von robotischer und laparoskopischer
Nierenteilresektion gibt es bisher keinen Konsens. Es zeichnet sich aber die Tendenz ab,
dass Roboter-assistierte Eingriffe zusätzliche Vorteile haben, vor allem bei komplexen,
endophytischen Tumoren. Dennoch sind bei Vergleichen der verschiedenen
Operationsverfahren viele Einflussfaktoren zu berücksichtigen, zu denen insbesondere
patienten- und tumorspezifische Faktoren, aber auch die Erfahrung von Operateur,
Bed-Side Assistent und die jährliche Klinikfallzahl zählen.

Insofern haben sich Roboter-assistierte Nierentumoroperationen bis heute zu einem
sicheren Verfahren mit guten operativen Ergebnissen entwickelt und stellen einen
etablierten Standard dar. Die perioperativen Ergebnisse sind denen der offenen Operation
überlegen, das onkologische Outcome ist vergleichbar. Auch wenn robotische Eingriffe
insbesondere aufgrund der hohen Anschaffungskosten häufig teurer sind als
laparoskopische, haben sie das Potential, bei komplexen Operationen bessere Ergebnisse
zu erzielen. Durch das Auslaufen des Patentschutzes, Eintreten neuer Hersteller und die
Entwicklung neuer Technologien wird der Markt robotischer Chirurgie zukünftig
wahrscheinlich starken Veränderungen unterliegen und die Kosten werden voraussichtlich
sinken.
Perinatal Outcome and its Prediction Using Longitudinal Feto-Maternal Doppler Follow-Up in Late Onset Small for Gestational Age Fetuses – A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lobmaier Silvia M. , Graupner Oliver , Ortiz Javier U. , Haller Bernhard , Ried Christina , Wildner Nadia , Abel Kathrin , Kuschel Bettina , Rieger-Fackeldey Eshter , Oberhoffer Renate , Wacker-Gussmann Annette
Published: June 2021

Purpose To describe the perinatal outcome of a prospective cohort of late-onset small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses and to test adverse perinatal outcome (APO) prediction using Doppler measurements.

Methods Singleton pregnancies from 32 weeks with suspicion of SGA (followed-up each 2 weeks) and randomly selected healthy controls at a university hospital were included. The whole SGA group was divided into the FGR subgroup or SGA percentile 3–10 subgroup. The following Doppler measurements were evaluated prospectively: umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, cerebro-placental ratio (CPR), and mean uterine artery (mUtA) PI. APO was defined as arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.15 and/or 5-minute Apgar ≤ 7 and/or emergency operative delivery and/or admission to the neonatal unit. Induction of labor was indicated according to a stage-based protocol.

Results A total of 149 SGA and 143 control fetuses were included. The number of operative deliveries was similar between both groups (control: 29 %, SGA: 28 %), especially the cesarean delivery rate after the onset of labor (11 % vs. 10 %). Most SGA cases ended up in induction of labor (61 % vs. 31 %, p < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUC) for APO prediction were similar using the last UA PI, MCA PI, CPR, and mUtA PI and barely reached 0.60. The AUC was best for the FGR subgroup, using the minimal CPR or maximum mUtA PI z-score of all longitudinal measurements (AUC = 0.63).

Conclusion SGA fetuses do not have a higher rate of operative delivery if managed according to a risk stratification protocol. Prediction of APO is best for SGA and FGR using the “worst” CPR or mUtA PI but it remains moderate.
Akzeptanz und Nutzung einer Website mit Gesundheitsinformationen zu psychischen Erkrankungen – www.psychenet.de
Authors: Härter Martin , Dirmaier Jörg , Köhnen Moritz , Dreier Mareike , Freuck Jannis
Published: June 2021

Einleitung Wir untersuchen die Akzeptanz und Nutzung der Website www.psychenet.de, welche evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformationen, Selbsttests und Entscheidungshilfen zu psychischen Erkrankungen und Themen anbietet.

Methodik Mithilfe einer Online-Umfrage (Akzeptanzermittlung) und automatisch generierter Daten der Online-Protokollierung (Nutzungsanalyse) wurde die Website evaluiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt erzielt die Website psychenet.de bei ihren Nutzer*innen hohe Akzeptanzwerte. Zudem haben sich die Besucher*innenzahlen der Website stetig gesteigert.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass psychenet.de ein Angebot darstellt, welches insbesondere von bestimmten Zielgruppen in Anspruch genommen wird (z. B. Menschen mit hohem Bildungsstand). Zukünftige Forschung sollte unterschiedliche Darbietungsformen von Gesundheitsinformationen (z. B. Text- vs. Videobeiträge) für schwer erreichbare Zielgruppen untersuchen, sodass Gesundheitsinformationen möglicherweise einem noch breiteren Publikum zugänglich gemacht werden können.
Management and Long-Term Outcome of Acetabular Fractures in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 49 Dogs
Authors: Roberts Victoria J. , Parsons Kevin , Sajik David , Meeson Richard L.
Published: June 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to categorize the presentation, management, complications and long-term outcome of canine acetabular fractures, and to determine the factors affecting outcome.

Materials and Methods Case records and imaging for dogs with acetabular fractures were reviewed with long-term follow-up via canine brief pain inventory (CBPI) and owner questionnaires.

Results The majority of fractures were in the mid-third (36/52) and caudal-third (13/52) with few in the cranial-third of the acetabulum (3/52). Concurrent injuries were diagnosed in 47/49 dogs; 10/34 dogs had neurological deficits on presentation. Forty-seven fractures received treatment: 25/47 had direct surgical repair (DSR), 10/47 had salvage surgery (SS) and 12/47 had conservative management (CM). Fracture location significantly affected treatment group (p = 0.001). New neurological deficits were documented after DSR in 5/24 dogs and SS in 2/10 dogs. Short-term complications occurred after DSR in 10/18 dogs (five minor, five major) and CM in 1/8 dogs (major). Long-term complications occurred after DSR in 2/15 dogs (major) and CM in 2/7 dogs (catastrophic). Conservative management dogs had worse average owner-reported CBPI scores than DSR or SS dogs.

Clinical Significance Acetabular fractures predominate in the mid and caudal acetabulum, with high levels of concurrent injuries. Fracture location significantly influenced the treatment approach taken. Postoperative neurological deficits are common following SS and DSR.
Role of ACE 2 and Vitamin D: The Two Players in Global Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Behl Tapan , Shah Sadia , Kaur Ishnoor , Yadav Sushma , Kanwar Raj , Seth Sandeep , Wig Naveet , Sharma K. K. , Yadav Harlokesh Narayan
Published: June 2021

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the borders, gaining attention from both health care professional and researchers to understand the mode of entry and actions induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), its causative agent in the human body. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme–2 (ACE2) in facilitating the entry of the virus in the host cell by binding to it is similar to SARS-CoV-1, the causative agent for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which emerged in 2003. Besides the role of ACE2 as a molecular target for the virus, the review displays the potential benefits of ACE2 enzyme and various agents that modify its activity in curbing the effects of the deadly virus, thus unfolding a dual character of ACE2 in the current pandemic. As evident by the differences in the susceptibility toward viral infection in children and geriatric population, it must be noted that the older population has limited ACE2 levels and greater infection risk, whereas the situation is reversed in the case of the pediatric population, demonstrating the defensive character of ACE2 in the latter, despite acting as receptor target for SARS-CoV-2. Also, the upregulation of ACE2 levels by estrogen has indicated greater resistance to infection in females than in the male human population. ACE2 is a carboxypeptidase, which degrades angiotensin II and counteracts its actions to protect against cardiovascular risks associated with the virus. Another contribution of this enzyme is supported by the role of circulating soluble ACE2, which acts as a receptor to bind the virus but does not mediate its actions, therefore blocking its interaction to membrane-bound ACE2 receptors. The review also shares the enhanced risks of developing COVID-19 infection by using ACE inhibitors and ARBs. However, both these agents have been reported to upregulate ACE2 levels; yet, adequate evidence regarding their role is quite inconsistent in human studies. Furthermore, the role of vitamin D has been highlighted in regulating the immune system of the body through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition, by downregulating host cell receptor expression to prevent virus attachment. Besides, vitamin D also acts through several other mechanisms like upregulating antimicrobial peptides, fighting against the proinflammatory milieu created by the invading virus, and interfering with the viral replication cycle as well as calcitriol-mediated blockage of CREB protein. Hypovitaminosis D is attributed to elevated risks of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung damage, and cardiovascular disorders, further increasing the severity of COVID-19 infection.