bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Care friendliness in adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Mexico and a characterisation of their clients
Authors: García‐Bello Luis Alberto , Heredia‐Pi Ileana Beatriz , Zavala‐Arciniega Luis , Paz‐Ballesteros Wayra , Velázquez‐Viamonte Ailen , Serván‐Mori Edson
Published: June 2022

Background

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a very important issue in public health programs in low ‐and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Health services that meet specific and differentiated needs of adolescents are increasingly relevant in LMICs. To provide quality services, it is necessary to know the profile of its users and the perspective that adolescents have about SRH services aimed at them.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of primary data from a survey of 489 adolescents recruited in 11 primary‐care facilities in the state of Morelos, Mexico. We followed the guidelines outlined in the World Health Organization Quality Assessment Guidebook: A guide to assessing health services for adolescent clients. Data on friendliness of services were obtained through 70 questions divided into 18 characteristics which, in turn, were grouped into five domains: equity, accessibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and effectiveness. The “friendliness” (a proxy for quality of care) of services was measured according to an additive index of friendliness (FI) ranging from 0 (no friendliness) to 1 (maximum friendliness). We also described the socio‐demographic, SRH, and service utilization profiles of clients.

Results

The health services analysed were characterised as having low levels of accessibility (FI = 0.62) and effectiveness (FI = 0.77), moderate acceptability (FI = 0.84), and high levels of appropriateness (FI = 0.93) and equity (FI = 0.92). Of the total number of adolescents surveyed, 51% stated that they had initiated a sexual life, 37% did not use any method of protection during their first sexual intercourse and 64% of the adolescents had already experienced a pregnancy.

Conclusions

It is essential to improve the accessibility and effectiveness dimensions of adolescent‐friendly services in Mexico. This requires the implementation of strategies specifically designed to promote well‐informed, planned and healthy sexual behaviours that avert risk and vulnerability. Strategies need to consider the profile of the adolescent client population.
The mitochondrial associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes: A platform for the pathogenesis of inflammation‐mediated metabolic diseases
Authors: Degechisa Sisay T. , Dabi Yosef T. , Gizaw Solomon T.
Published: June 2022

Mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) are specialized subcellular compartments that are shaped by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomains placed side by side to the outer membrane of mitochondria (OMM) being connected by tethering proteins in mammalian cells. Studies showed that MAM has multiple physiological functions. These include regulation of lipid synthesis and transport, Ca2+ transport and signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis, autophagy, and formation and activation of an inflammasome. However, alterations of MAM integrity lead to deleterious effects due to an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) via increased Ca2+ transfer from the ER to mitochondria. This, in turn, causes mitochondrial damage and release of mitochondrial components into the cytosol as damage‐associated molecular patterns which rapidly activate MAM‐resident Nod‐like receptor protein‐3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components. This complex induces the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines that initiate low‐grade chronic inflammation that subsequently causes the development of metabolic diseases. But, the mechanisms of how MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases are not exhaustively reviewed. Therefore, this review was aimed to highlight the contribution of MAM to a variety of cellular functions and consider its significance pertaining to the pathogenesis of inflammation‐mediated metabolic diseases.
Reduced cutaneous CD200:CD200R1 signaling in psoriasis enhances neutrophil recruitment to skin
Authors: Linley Holly , Jaigirdar Shafqat , Mohamed Karishma , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Saunders Amy
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The skin immune system is tightly regulated to prevent inappropriate inflammation in response to harmless environmental substances. This regulation is actively maintained by mechanisms including cytokines and cell surface receptors and its loss results in inflammatory disease. In the case of psoriasis, inappropriate immune activation leads to IL‐17‐driven chronic inflammation, but molecular mechanisms underlying this loss of regulation are not well understood. Immunoglobulin family member CD200 and its receptor, CD200R1, are important regulators of inflammation. Therefore, we determined if this pathway is dysregulated in psoriasis, and how this affects immune cell activity.

Methods

Human skin biopsies were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. The role of CD200R1 in regulating psoriasis‐like skin inflammation was examined using CD200R1 blocking antibodies in mouse psoriasis models. CD200R1 blocking antibodies were also used in an in vivo neutrophil recruitment assay and in vitro assays to examine macrophage, innate lymphoid cell, γδ T cell, and neutrophil activity.

Results

We reveal that CD200 and signaling via CD200R1 are reduced in non‐lesional psoriasis skin. In mouse models of psoriasis CD200R1 was shown to limit psoriasis‐like inflammation by enhancing acanthosis, CCL20 production and neutrophil recruitment, but surprisingly, macrophage function and IL‐17 production were not affected, and neutrophil reactive oxygen species production was reduced.

Conclusion

Collectively, these data show that CD200R1 affects neutrophil function and limits inflammatory responses in healthy skin by restricting neutrophil recruitment. However, the CD200 pathway is reduced in psoriasis, resulting in a loss of immune control, and increased neutrophil recruitment in mouse models. In conclusion, we highlight CD200R1:CD200 as a pathway that might be targeted to dampen inflammation in patients with psoriasis.
Leptomeningeal metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer: Real‐world data from a multicentric European cohort
Authors: Ratosa Ivica , Dobnikar Nika , Bottosso Michele , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Jacot William , Pouderoux Stéphane , Ribnikar Domen , Sinoquet Léa , Guarneri Valentina , Znidaric Tanja , Darlix Amélie , Griguolo Gaia
Published: June 2022

In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer, leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are a rare but often a fatal clinical scenario. In this multicentric study, clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with HER2+ breast cancer developing LM were described, as well as survival outcomes. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records of 82 patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer and LM treated between August 2005 and July 2020. Following LM diagnosis, 79 (96.3%) patients received at least one line of anti‐HER2 therapy, 25 (30.5%) patients received intrathecal therapy and 58 (70.7%) patients received radiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7‐11), 1‐year OS was 42%, and 2‐year OS was 21%. At univariate analysis, patients who were treated after 2010, had better Karnofsky performance status, were free of neurological symptoms, had better prognostic, received chemotherapy (OS difference 9.4 months, P = .024), or monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab ± pertuzumab; OS difference 6.1 months; P = .013) after LM diagnosis, had a statistically significantly longer OS. Presence of neurological symptoms (hazard ratio 3.32, 95% CI 1.26‐8.73; P = .015) and not having received radiotherapy (hazard ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.09‐3.72; P = .024) were all associated with poorer OS at multivariate analysis. To summarize, not having neurological symptoms and receiving RT at LM diagnosis were associated with prolonged OS in our cohort. Survival seemed to be prolonged with multimodality treatment, which included targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and RT to the LM sites.
Ciliary membrane, localised lipid modification and cilia function
Authors: Dutta Priya , Ray Krishanu
Published: June 2022

Cilium, a tiny microtubule‐based cellular appendage critical for cell signalling and physiology, displays a large variety of receptors. The composition and turnover of ciliary lipids and receptors determine cell behaviour. Due to the exclusion of ribosomal machinery and limited membrane area, a cilium needs adaptive logistics to actively reconstitute the lipid and receptor compositions during development and differentiation. How is this dynamicity generated? Here, we examine whether, along with the Intraflagellar‐Transport, targeted changes in sector‐wise lipid composition could control the receptor localisation and functions in the cilia. We discuss how an interplay between ciliary lipid composition, localised lipid modification, and receptor function could contribute to cilia growth and signalling. We argue that lipid modification at the cell‐cilium interface could generate an added thrust for a selective exchange of membrane lipids and the transmembrane and membrane‐associated proteins.
Decreased haemoglobin levels are associated with lower muscle mass and strength in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Vinke Joanna Sophia J. , Wouters Hanneke J.C.M. , Stam Suzanne P. , Douwes Rianne M. , Post Adrian , Gomes‐Neto Antonio W. , van der Klauw Melanie M. , Berger Stefan P. , Bakker Stephan J.L. ,   TransplantLines Investigators, De Borst Martin H. , Eisenga Michele F.
Published: June 2022

Background

Post‐transplant anaemia and reduced muscle mass and strength are highly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Decreased haemoglobin levels, a marker of anaemia, could adversely affect muscle mass and strength through multiple mechanisms, among others, through diminished tissue oxygenation. We aimed to investigate the association between haemoglobin levels with muscle mass and strength in KTRs.

Methods

We included stable KTRs from the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study with a functional graft ≥1 year post‐transplantation. Muscle mass was assessed using 24 h urinary creatinine excretion rate (CER) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle strength was assessed with a handgrip strength test using a dynamometer and, in a subgroup (n = 290), with the five‐times sit‐to‐stand (FTSTS) test. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to investigate the associations of haemoglobin levels with muscle mass and strength.

Results

In 871 included KTRs [median age 58 (interquartile range (IQR), 48–66)] years; 60% men; eGFR 51 ± 18 mL/min/1.73 m2) who were 3.5 (1.0–10.2) years post‐transplantation, the mean serum haemoglobin level was 13.9 ± 1.8 g/dL in men and 12.8 ± 1.5 g/dL in women. Lower haemoglobin levels were independently associated with a lower CER (std. β = 0.07, P = 0.01), BIA‐derived skeletal muscle mass (std. β = 0.22, P < 0.001), handgrip strength (std. β = 0.15, P < 0.001), and worse FTSTS test scores (std. β = −0.17, P = 0.02). KTRs in the lowest age‐specific and sex‐specific quartile of haemoglobin levels had an increased risk of being in the worst age‐specific and sex‐specific quartile of CER (fully adjusted OR, 2.09; 95% CI 1.15–3.77; P = 0.02), handgrip strength (fully adjusted OR, 3.30; 95% CI 1.95–5.59; P < 0.001), and FTSTS test score (fully adjusted OR, 7.21; 95% CI 2.59–20.05; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Low haemoglobin levels are strongly associated with decreased muscle mass and strength in KTRs. Future investigation will need to investigate whether maintaining higher haemoglobin levels may improve muscle mass and strength in KTRs.
Graphene‐wrapped TiO2 composites as advanced anode materials for high electrochemical performance Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Zhang Pengchao , Huang Pengfei
Published: June 2022

Background

Developing new anode materials with high specific capacity for high‐performance lithium (Li)‐ion batteries is significant for meeting high energy density demand. Composites of graphene‐wrapped titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (GTO) have been successfully synthesized via a facile method for anode material in Li‐ion batteries.

Results

The as‐prepared GTO composites exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance, including initial high specific capacity of 652.8 mAh g−1 and outstanding cycling stability (198 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles).

Conclusions

The outstanding performance is due to the positive effect of graphene, which acts both as electron conductor and volume buffer layer. This work further demonstrates that GTO composites could acts as a stable anode for reversible Li‐ion batteries. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Preliminary study of the ameliorative effects of melatonin on cadmium‐induced morphological and biochemical alterations in the rat Harderian gland
Authors: Romano Maria Zelinda , Aniello Francesco , Venditti Massimo , Minucci Sergio
Published: June 2022

Herein is reported, for the first time in the rat Harderian gland (HG), the counteractive action of melatonin (Mlt), a well‐known antioxidant radical scavenger, on the increased oxidative stress damages induced by a pro‐oxidant substance, cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant also considered as endocrine disruptor. HG, an infraorbital gland present in almost all terrestrial vertebrates, produces a lipid secretion to lubricate the eyeball, as well as porphyrin/Mlt as light transducers. Moreover, HG is an extra‐gonadal source of steroid sex hormones. Via ex vivo experiments lasting for 24 h, we verified the increased lipid peroxidation in Cd‐treated glands, producing morphological alteration of the glandular epithelium, as well as an increased porphyrins accumulation. Moreover, Cd also induced a decreased protein level of the steroidogenic enzymes steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and 3βHSD, and an increased mast cell number. Results obtained with Mlt cotreatment demonstrated that it decreased the levels of Cd‐induced oxidative damage, with reversal of all the observed modification. Furthermore, the TUNEL assay showed that the increased number of apoptotic cells in Cd‐treated HG was counteracted by the contemporaneous Mlt administration. Results confirmed that Mlt treatment restored the levels of two autophagy markers, LC3 and p62, counteracting the autophagy Cd‐induced. Interestingly, the positive effects of Mlt alone were highlighted by the decreased rate of lipid peroxidation as compared with the control, confirming its antioxidant action. Combined data further confirmed the antioxidant action of Mlt in counteracting the degeneration provoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rat HG, a tissue extremely susceptible to oxidative stress condition.
The effect of protease inhibitors‐based antiretroviral therapy on serum/plasma interleukin‐6 levels among PLHIV: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ashuro Akililu Alemu , Zhang Si‐Chen , Wang Ting , Chu Qin‐Shu , Fu Yuan‐Sheng , Fan Yin‐Guang , Ye Dong‐Qing
Published: June 2022

Recommended treatment regimen for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection includes protease inhibitors/ritonavir (PIs/r) combined with two‐nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors (2NRTIs), which enable to achieve and maintain viral suppression, restore, and preserve immune function. However, there were inconsistent findings on the levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels. Systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to quantify the pooled effects of PIs/r‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on serum/plasma IL‐6 levels in people living with the HIV (PLHIV). PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from the earliest record to November 4, 2020. Data analysis was conducted on Stata version 16 and Review Manager 5.3. A random‐effect model was used to compute a pooled effect size and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered the summary effect size. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated by Cochrane's Q test (χ2 test) and I2 statistic and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Initial search identified 3098 records and 5 studies (7 trials) met inclusion criteria. The pooled mean difference in serum/plasma IL‐6 levels from baseline to follow‐up was 0.534 pg/ml (95% confidence interval: −0.012, 1.08, P = 0.05, I2 = 76.4%). In subgroup analysis, there was a significant association between increased serum/plasma IL‐6 levels and age group ≥ 35 years old, baseline CD4+ counts < 350 cell/mm3, and mean viral load ≥ 4.5 log10 copies/ml. We found that serum/plasma IL‐6 levels increased after combined ART among treatment‐naïve individuals who initiated a successful combination of PIs/r with 2NRTIs. This result also highlights the need to monitor serum/plasma IL‐6 levels during antiviral therapy, which may aid in the effective future treatment of systemic inflammation and related disorders following elevated IL‐6 levels.
Omni‐channel retailing on platforms: Disentangling the effects of channel integration and inter‐platform function usage difference
Authors: Fang Jie , Liu Hefu , Cai Zhao , Tan Chee‐Wee
Published: June 2022

The rise of omni‐channel retailing poses challenges for e‐marketplace platforms. To retain third‐party sellers in the face of competitive pressure from rivals, e‐marketplace platforms are compelled to provide support for online‐offline channel integration (OOCI). However, the provision of OOCI support can adversely affect an OOCI‐enabled platform's product sales growth by encouraging consumers to switch to brick‐and‐mortar stores operated by third‐party sellers. To ascertain how the OOCI‐enabled platform can outperform under such circumstances, we analyzed data on sales of 51,409 products on a dominant Chinese e‐marketplace platform as well as inter‐platform function usage difference across 209 third‐party sellers. Combining propensity score matching with hierarchical linear modeling, we discovered that informational OOCI (e.g., concurrent availability of a product on both online and offline channels) negatively influences the OOCI‐enabled platform's product sales growth, whereas the effect of physical OOCI (e.g., the option of store pickup for online purchases) is not significant. Additionally, we found that the three constituent sub‐dimensions of third‐party sellers' inter‐platform function usage difference (i.e., volume difference, category orientation specialization, and uniqueness) moderate the impact of OOCI on the OOCI‐enabled platform's product sales growth differently. Findings from this study thus yield actionable guidelines for e‐marketplace platforms pursuing omni‐channel retailing strategies.
Cardiac tumors—sex‐related characteristics and outcomes after surgical resection
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Gerfer Stephen , Schlachtenberger Georg , Walter Sebastian G. , Ivanov Borko , Merkle‐Storms Julia , Mihaylova Mariya , Sabashnikov Anton , Djordjevic Ilija , Rahmanian Parwis , Mader Navid , Kuhn‐Régnier Ferdinand , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Cardiac tumors represent a rare and heterogeneous pathological entity, with a cumulative incidence of up to 0.02%. Gender was previously reported to influence outcomes after tumor surgery. This study aimed to investigate for gender‐related differences in outcomes after cardiac surgery.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2021, 95 male and 88 female patients underwent surgery for tumor extirpation in our center. Preoperative baseline characteristics, intraoperative data, and long‐term survival were analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively by (immune‐)histopathological analysis.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and survival. Myxoma was the most common tumor type overall and was more diagnosed in women (n = 36 vs. n = 62, p ≤ 0.001). Sarcoma was the most common malignant tumor type (n = 5). Tumor location at the atrial septum was more likely in women (n = 26 vs. n = 16, p = 0.041), whereas ventricular localization was more common in male patients (n = 20 vs. n = 7, p = 0.001). Minimally invasive tumor extirpation was significantly more often performed in women, and in‐hospital stay was shorter in female patients.

Conclusion

The localization and dignity of cardiac tumors differ between genders, not affecting survival. Surgical tumor extirpation remains the gold standard of treatment for cardiac tumors in both genders as it is highly effective and associated with good long‐term survivorship.
Ultrasound Elastography Detects Age‐Related Changes in Adult False Vocal Folds
Authors: Chandra Lucas , Ortiz Julian , Weitzel William , Hamilton James D. , Gao Jing
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of ultrasound elastography for assessing the symmetry in stiffness values and movements of both false vocal folds (FVFs).

Methods

After Institutional Review Board's approval and written informed consent obtained, we measured ultrasound strain and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the bilateral FVF in vocal fold abduction and adduction in 30 participants using a linear array transducer (4–10 MHz). Twenty‐eight participants met inclusion criteria as healthy subjects for analysis. Mean strain of FVF produced by FVF movement from abduction to adduction was analyzed using 2D speckle‐tracking software offline. A SWV ratio ([SWVadduction – SWabduction]/SWabduction) was developed to test the contractibility of FVF. Statistical analysis included one‐way ANOVA to test the difference in mean strain, SWV (adduction and abduction), and SWV ratio among the three age groups; linear regression to analyze correlations of stiffness and movement between the right and left FVF; and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to examine intra‐ and interobserver reliability in performing shear wave elastography (SWE) of FVF.

Results

The 28 healthy participants were divided into 3 age groups (10 of young 20–44 years; 9 of mid‐age 45–64 years; and 9 of senior ≥65 years). The SWV in FVF abduction was higher and the SWV ratio was lower in seniors compared to young participants (P < .05). Good to excellent correlation of mean strain and SWV between both FVFs (R2 > 0.89). The reliability of performing SWE of FVF was moderate to excellent.

Conclusion

Ultrasound elastography is feasible to assess the stiffness, dynamic movement, and symmetry of adult FVF, and healthy seniors may exhibit increased FVF stiffness.
Oil‐Based versus Bio‐Based C8 Alkyl Chain (Meth)Acrylates in Emulsion Polymerization: Kinetics and Microstructure
Authors: Barrenetxe Maria , Agirre Amaia , Santos José I. , Badía Adrián , Leiza Jose R. , Barquero Aitor
Published: June 2022

2‐Octyl acrylate (2‐OA) is a very promising bio‐based monomer that is a great candidate to substitute the widely used (but oil‐based) 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (2‐EHA). In this work, the homopolymerization of these two monomers along with their methacrylic analogues (2‐octyl methacrylate, 2‐OMA and 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2‐EHMA) is compared to analyze their performance in detail. Very similar polymerization kinetics are observed, both in conversion and particle size. However, there are important differences in the microstructure (molar mass distribution, gel content, and degree of branching). Both acrylates form high amounts of gel (2‐OA higher than 2‐EHA) while the methacrylates do not form any. It is found that the most likely reason for the higher amount of gel on 2‐OA lies on the second abstractable labile hydrogen in the side chain presented in this monomer, that is more reactive in 2‐OA than in 2‐EHA. This is supported by the molar mass distributions, that show that 2‐octyl esters have higher molar mass than their respective 2‐ethylhexyl counterparts (both in acrylates and methacrylates), as a result of a higher amount of long chain branches.
Reductions in movement‐associated fear are dependent upon graded exposure in chronic low back pain: An exploratory analysis of a modified 3‐item fear hierarchy
Authors: Gibbs Mitchell T. , Morrison Natalie M. V. , Jones Matthew D. , Burgess Danielle , Marshall Paul W.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To explore the effectiveness of a modified fear hierarchy on measuring improvements in movement‐associated fear in chronic low back pain.

Methods

A modified 3‐item fear hierarchy was created and implemented based on principles of graded exposure. This study was an exploratory analysis of the modified 3‐item fear hierarchy from a larger clinical trial data set. Both groups received pain education and exercise, either bodyweight or strength training. Both groups performed item one on the hierarchy, the squat. Only the strength training group performed item 2, the deadlift. Neither group performed item 3, the overhead press. Analysis of Covariance and stepwise linear regression were used to explore results.

Results

Improvement in movement‐associated fear was conditional upon graded exposure. Both groups improved in the squat movement (p ≤ 0.05), which both performed. Only the strength training group improved in the deadlift (p ≤ 0.01), and neither improved in the overhead press (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion

Reductions in movement‐associated fear are conditional upon graded exposure, based on the use of a novel modified 3‐item fear hierarchy. Further research is needed to understand the utility of this tool in a patient‐led approach to co‐designing a graded exposure‐based intervention.
Coupling Gear Decontamination Trials and Angler Surveys to Minimize Spread of Invasive New Zealand Mud Snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Authors: Geist Jeremy A. , Ethaiya Diana , Tiegs Scott D.
Published: June 2022

The New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (NZMS) is a global invader that is readily spread through attachment to recreational fishing gear. Preventing the spread of NZMSs by decontaminating fishing gear such as waders is a key step toward limiting invasive NZMSs and their ecological impacts; however, the effectiveness of decontamination protocols depends on both the efficacy of the protocol and the willingness of anglers to implement it. We tested the efficacy of three decontaminants (Virkon Aquatic, Formula 409, and bleach) at killing NZMSs on waders using two application techniques (spray versus soak) and two exposure durations (10 versus 20 min). We coupled the results of these tests with responses to a self-administered online survey that gauged the willingness of anglers to implement several decontamination strategies. Mortality of NZMSs differed widely among decontaminants, with the greatest mortality caused by Formula 409 (mean ± SE = 100 ± 0%), regardless of application type or duration. Bleach produced a mean mortality of 68.75 ± 11.97%, and Virkon Aquatic resulted in a mean mortality of 56.25 ± 11.97%. Neither exposure duration nor application method significantly influenced the degree of NZMS mortality, and their interaction was not significant. Anglers who responded to the survey (n = 339) revealed that Formula 409 was the decontaminant they would be most willing to use. Further, spraying was highly preferred over soaking for all decontaminants. Based on our experimental trials and the angler survey, we developed an angler decontamination metric (ADM) that helps to determine the decontamination strategy that optimizes NZMS mortality on fishing gear. Our ADM indicates that spraying gear with Formula 409 is the most effective NZMS decontamination strategy that anglers are willing to use. Our study is the first to combine the efficacy of NZMS decontaminants and angler willingness to adopt a decontamination strategy. By doing so, we hope to encourage the widespread use of NZMS decontamination of fishing gear to limit the spread and impacts of this increasingly relevant invasive species.
Electromyographic analysis of pelvic floor muscles during the execution of pelvic patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation‐concept: An observational study
Authors: Ferro Josepha Karinne de O. , de Moura Filho Alberto G. , de Amorim Keytte Camilla S. , Lima Cláudia Regina O. de P. , Martins José Vicente P. , Barboza Paulo José M. , Lemos Andrea , de Oliveira Daniella A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of pelvic patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF‐concept) on pelvic floor muscles (PFM) recruitment, as well as the electromyographic activity of muscles synergic to the pelvic floor in healthy women.

Methods

Observational study conducted with 31 women aged between 18 and 35 years, with mean age of 23.3 ± 3.2 (22.1–24.4). PFM activity was monitored by surface electromyography during the combination of isotonics technique of four pelvic patterns of PNF‐concept (i.e., anterior elevation, posterior depression, anterior depression, and posterior elevation). The electromyographic signal was analyzed using root mean square amplitude. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to analyze differences in PFM activity between types of contraction (i.e., concentric, isometric, and eccentric) and the four pelvic patterns.

Results

PFM activity did not differ among the four pelvic pattens. However, PFM activity was significantly different between the combination of isotonics technique and baseline, F(1.6, 48.2) = 71.5; p < 0.000, with a large effect size (partial ƞ² = 0.705). Concentric (22.4 µV ± 1.1), isometric (17.3 µV ± 0.6), and eccentric (15 µV ± 0.5) contractions of combination of isotonics technique increased PFM activity compared with baseline (10.8 µV ± 0.4) in all pelvic patterns. By analyzing the electromyographic activity of the muscles synergistic to the pelvic floor, there is effect of the interaction of the type of contraction, the pelvic pattern of the PNF concept, and the synergistic muscles on the myoelectric activity of the external anal sphincter, F(3.2, 96.5) = 5.6; p < 0.000, with a large magnitude of effect (partial ƞ² = 0.15). In the anterior elevation pattern, the muscles synergistic to the pelvic floor present synergy in phase with the PFM, and in the posterior patterns there was a decrease in the activity level of all synergistic muscles, without changing the activity level of the PFM.

Conclusion

PFM activity did not differ among the four pelvic patterns of PNF‐concept. Nonetheless, the combination of isotonics technique showed a significant effect on PFM compared with baseline, with greater PFM activity during concentric contraction. Pelvic patterns of PNF‐concept may be used to increase PFM recruitment in young healthy women.
Long‐term care facilities' response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A protocol of a cross‐sectional, multi‐site, international survey
Authors: Eltaybani Sameh , Suzuki Haruno , Igarashi Ayumi , Sakka Mariko , Amamiya Yuko , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko
Published: June 2022

Aim

To examine the response of long‐term care (LTC) residential facilities to the COVID‐19 pandemic worldwide, and the antecedents and outcomes of this response.

Design

A protocol of a cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Two online questionnaires will be used to collect data from LTC residential facilities' managers and staff worldwide. Collected data include participants' socio‐demographic characteristics, facility‐related characteristics, facility response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and possible influences of the pandemic on staff, residents, and residents' families. Data collection has started in April 2021. Data analyses will be conducted on the pooled sample and stratified by the type of facility, participants, or country if required. Multi‐level regression analysis will be considered to account for participants' data clustering in countries and facilities.

Results

The data collection is ongoing. The findings would guide policy‐makers and healthcare organizations to reform their protocols for the best interest of facilities, staff, residents, and residents' families.
A qualitative systematic review on the lived experience of men in nursing
Authors: Lyu Xiaochen , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Soivong Pratum , Juntasopeepun Phanida , Chontawan Ratanawadee
Published: June 2022

Aim

This qualitative systematic review was conducted to describe the lived experience of men in nursing.

Design

A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Methods

Five databases (Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) were systematically searched. The PRISMA guideline was used for reporting the literature search in different phases, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, a qualitative research checklist, was used to evaluate the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis approach for qualitative research was used for data synthesis.

Results

Six qualitative studies were included. Five analytical themes related to lived experiences of men in nursing emerged: value in nursing, the double‐edged sword of gender, being accepted in the nursing profession, attractions of nursing and coping strategies.
Patients' expectations and experiences of provided surgery‐related patient education: A descriptive longitudinal study
Authors: Blöndal Katrín , Sveinsdóttir Herdís , Ingadottir Brynja
Published: June 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the educational expectations and experiences of surgical patients.

Design

Prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and two‐centre study. Data were collected with questionnaires at the hospital and 6 weeks and 6 months postsurgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing elective surgery and hospitalized overnight from January to July 2016 answered questions about the content of received pre‐operative and pre‐discharge education, topics they wanted more information on, sources of information, satisfaction with and usefulness of the information and if their recovery was as expected.

Results

Patients (N = 697, 49% male, mean age 64.1 [SD 12.6] years) perceived the provided education as useful and satisfactory but less so after discharge. Most common topics which they expected more education about were postoperative complications, pain management, fatigue, lack of stamina and expected recovery time. Most patients received information through face‐to‐face teaching (79.7%) and in writing (78.4%). Expectations on recovery were related to patients' satisfaction with the education and how useful they evaluated it.
Increased body mass index linked to decreased neutralizing antibody titers of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in healthcare workers
Authors: Hu Juan , Zhao Mingcai , Zhao Yongmei , Dong Wenjuan , Huang Xuemei , Zhang Shaocheng
Published: June 2022

Objective

Obesity is an important risk factor for COVID‐19. However, whether obesity affects SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody production is unclear. This study aimed to identify the influence of obesity on neutralizing antibody production of an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine to better guide vaccination strategies.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited a total of 239 healthcare workers (age, 21–50 years) from Suining Central Hospital during 22–23 April 2021. An electronic questionnaire on basic characteristics was completed by all participants. A general physical exam and fasting blood sampling by venipuncture were performed. Peripheral leukocyte counts and the ratios of leukocyte subsets, hepatorenal function, and the neutralizing antibody titers against SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured.

Results

Among 239 healthcare workers, the participants with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity accounted for 10.88%, 64.44%, 23.01%, and 1.67%, respectively. The highest peripheral monocyte counts were observed in the group with obesity, whereas the lowest were observed in the group with normal weight. Similar results were obtained with respect to percentage of peripheral monocytes. Participants with obesity had higher peripheral eosinophil counts and percentages than the other three groups. The median neutralizing antibody titer was 12.70 AU/mL, with 85.36% (n = 204) of participants were sufficiently protected against SARS‐CoV‐2. The lowest neutralizing antibody titers were observed in the group with obesity, whereas the highest were observed in the group that was underweight. Additionally, high BMI was significantly associated with high peripheral monocyte counts [B (95% CI) = 0.008 (0.002, 0.013)] and low neutralizing antibody titers [B (95% CI) = −1.934 (−3.663, −0.206)].

Conclusions

Obesity could induce chronic inflammation, and associated with lower neutralizing antibody titers against SARS‐CoV‐2 after inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination.
Human faces and face‐like stimuli are more memorable
Authors: Kapsetaki Marianna E. , Zeki Semir
Published: June 2022

We have previously suggested a distinction in the brain processes governing biological and artifactual stimuli. One of the best examples of the biological category consists of human faces, the perception of which appears to be determined by inherited mechanisms or ones rapidly acquired after birth. In extending this work, we inquire here whether there is a higher memorability for images of human faces and whether memorability declines with increasing departure from human faces; if so, the implication would add to the growing evidence of differences in the processing of biological versus artifactual stimuli. To do so, we used images and memorability scores from a large data set of 58,741 images to compare the relative memorability of the following image categories: real human faces versus buildings, and extending this to a comparison of real human faces with five image categories that differ in their grade of resemblance to a real human face. Our findings show that, in general, when we compare the biological category of faces to the artifactual category of buildings, the former is more memorable. Furthermore, there is a gradient in which the more an image resembles a real human face the more memorable it is. Thus, the previously identified differences in biological and artifactual images extend to the field of memory.
Experimental investigation and numerical simulation for structural evolution and stress distribution during the stretching process
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sheng Lei , Bai Yaozong , Liu Gaojun , Dong Haoyu , Wang Tao , Huang Xianli , He Jianping
Published: June 2022

In the preparation of polyethylene (PE) microporous membrane, the stretching process of PE/liquid paraffin (LP) blend is of great significance for improving the mechanical properties and optimizing the pore size and its distribution. In this study, we have adopted a method that combines experimental investigation and numerical simulation to explore crystal structure transformation and residual stress distribution of PE matrix during the stretching process. First of all, the X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle X‐ray scattering test, and tensile strength test are used to analyze these PE/LP blend samples that are processed at different stretching temperatures (110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C) and different stretching ratios (2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 × 5). It is found that a higher temperature or larger ratio is beneficial for crystallizing of PE long chains and affecting the tension strength. After the extraction process, the obtained PE microporous membranes have more uniform pore size distribution and an increased pore diameter according to the results of scanning electron microscopy and porosity test. It is attributed to the fact that residual stress is more easily stored in the amorphous region of PE microporous membrane. PE microporous membranes can have higher crystallinity and well‐dispersed crystal region by controlling a matched temperature and ratio. It is inspired for optimizing the technological parameters in industrial production.
Parallel arrangement of peptides appended to a rigid, bimetallic, constrained ring system
Authors: Curran Timothy P. , Marrone Alessandro , Davidson Lauren M. , Pokharel Niranjana , Frempong Josephine F. , Tolbatov Iogann , Phillip Michael L. , Gober Cosmic B. , Yang Haoyu , Stewart Joanne
Published: June 2022

Cyclic tungsten bis‐alkyne complexes derived from a 1,1′‐ferrocenyldialkyne (1 and 2) adopt a rigid conformation where the two alkynes are in a syn orientation and are likely positioned about 3.5 Å apart. Since intramolecular hydrogen bonding in protein secondary structures positions the donors and acceptors 3.3 Å apart, it is proposed that linking two peptides to the two alkynes in one of these complexes might be a way to generate a model system for generating peptide β‐sheets. To explore this question, a series of peptide derivatives of 1 were prepared. Attachment of peptides to the bimetallic ring system was achieved by reaction of peptide derivatives of 4‐iodobenzoic acid or 4‐iodoaniline with 1 via a Sonogashira coupling. Subsequent reaction of these dialkynes with W(CO)3(dmtc)2 (dmtc = dimethylditiocarbamate) afforded the desired cyclic tungsten bis‐alkyne complexes as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers. The two diastereomers were not separable using typical chromatographic methods (TLC, HPLC and flash chromatography); however, their presence and relative amounts could be detected and measured in the 1H NMR spectra. The conformations of these peptide derivatives of 1 were examined using NMR and DFT methods. It was found that appending the peptides to the two alkynes did not alter the rigid conformation of the ferrocene‐tungsten bis‐alkyne ring system found in 1; the ring system remained rigid and retained the intramolecular hydrogen bond across the bimetallic ring system. Whether the amide and urethane NH protons in these complexes are involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds was explored using a DMSO titration experiment and computational methods. Data from the DMSO titrations showed that there was only one robust intramolecular hydrogen bond, the hydrogen bond across the bimetallic ring; the other amide and urethane NH protons were accessible to the solvent. The DFT calculations showed the peptides attached to the bimetallic ring system can adopt a number of different orientations having similar energies, and that some of these conformations include cross‐strand hydrogen bonds. The data indicate that appending peptides to the bimetallic ring system via the two alkynes produces molecules where the two peptides are held in a parallel arrangement.
Early combination therapy with immunoglobulin and steroids is associated with shorter ICU length of stay in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) associated with COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort analysis from 28 U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Harthan Aaron A. , Nadiger Meghana , McGarvey Jeremy S. , Hanson Keith , Gharpure Varsha P. , Bjornstad Erica C. , Chiotos Kathleen , Miller Aaron S. , Reikoff Ronald A. , Gajic Ognjen , Kumar Vishakha , Walkey Allan J. , Kashyap Rahul , Tripathi Sandeep ,   Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID‐19 Registry Investigator Group
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Suggested therapeutic options for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) include intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and steroids. Prior studies have shown the benefit of combination therapy with both agents on fever control or the resolution of organ dysfunction. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the impact of IVIG and steroids on hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS) in patients with MIS‐C associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Study Design

This was a retrospective study on 356 hospitalized patients with MIS‐C from March 2020 to September 2021 (28 sites in the United States) in the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) COVID‐19 Registry. The effect of IVIG and steroids initiated in the first 2 days of admission, alone or in combination, on LOS was analyzed. Adjustment for confounders was made by multivariable mixed regression with a random intercept for the site.

Results

The median age of the study population was 8.8 (Interquartile range (IQR) 4.0, 13) years. 247/356 (69%) patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission during hospitalization. Overall hospital mortality was 2% (7/356). Of the total patients, 153 (43%) received IVIG and steroids, 33 (9%) received IVIG only, 43 (12%) received steroids only, and 127 (36%) received neither within 2 days of admission. After adjustment of confounders, only combination therapy showed a significant decrease of ICU LOS by 1.6 days compared to no therapy (exponentiated coefficient 0.71 [95% confidence interval 0.51, 0.97, p = 0.03]). No significant difference was observed in hospital LOS or the secondary outcome variable of the normalization of inflammatory mediators by Day 3.

Conclusions

Combination therapy with IVIG and steroids initiated in the first 2 days of admission favorably impacts ICU but not the overall hospital LOS in children with MIS‐C.
Examining the implementation of Teacher–Child Interaction Training‐Universal in public schools
Authors: Santiago Catherine DeCarlo , Bustos Yvita , Sosa Susana S. , Jolie Sarah A. , Flores Toussaint Roxanna , Gebhardt Sarah , Stern David , Budd Karen S.
Published: June 2022

The Teacher–Child Interaction Training‐Universal (TCIT‐U) is a professional development program for teachers that promotes positive relational interactions and strengthens classroom management. This study examines the implementation of TCIT‐U in a public school district to guide future implementation and sustainability. This study uses qualitative methods to examine the implementation of TCIT‐U across preschool through second‐grade classrooms in a suburban public school district in Illinois, United States. Eight teachers and five coaches participated in focus groups, while three administrators completed interviews. Qualitative data from focus groups and interviews are supplemented by quantitative data on satisfaction, teacher sense of efficacy, teacher observations, and school records. Results demonstrated high levels of acceptability, good feasibility, high satisfaction, and several notable improvements across teachers and students, such as improved teachers' confidence and self‐efficacy in managing classrooms. Nevertheless, there were implementation challenges, including timing, competing demands, and district priorities. The results from this study offer guidance for future implementation of TCIT‐U as an acceptable, feasible, and universal intervention.