bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiation Strategy and Performance of Selected Supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Kadenyeka Joan , Washika Amos
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to assess the extent to which is differentiation strategy influences selected supermarkets' performance in Kenya’s County of Nairobi City. A descriptive research design was used. The study’s unit of analysis was nine supermarkets situated in Nairobi City County. The study respondents included 63 employees from selected supermarket’s functional departments including the following functional managers (Managing Director, Purchasing and Supply Chain, Operations, ICT, Finance, Human Resources, Business Development, and Marketing). The study employed census method. The questionnaire which comprised of semi-structured questions was the instrument applied during collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. Validity and reliability results were tested in the study. Expert judgement was used to test validity while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. All the study variables were found to be reliable and valid. SPSS software analyzed qualitative data through descriptive statistics like means, standard deviations, and inferential statistics of regression analysis. Presence of a positive and significant link between performance and differentiation strategy (with β=0.629 and p=0.000) was recognized. Differentiation strategy was also found to significantly and positively impact performance. Higher differentiation levels lead to increased performance of selected supermarkets. Innovation and new product introduction by supermarkets enhanced its performance. Functional managers should create and implement strategies to minimize operational costs and reduce commodity prices. Product innovation should be sustained to fast-track product differentiation, enhance competition, and create barriers to entry in the market. Technology adoption should also be fast-tracked in all supermarket processes to enhance efficiency as well as effectiveness.
The Application of Referent Authority by Teachers in Enhancement of Classroom Role Performance: A Case of Machakos County in Kenya
Authors: Mariapragasam Anthoniammal Arulappan , Kiende Dr. Hellen , Nyaga Dr. Peter
Published: October 2024

Teachers’ classroom authority is fundamental for their successful role performance. Traditionally, teachers enjoyed legitimacy over the students, but that has been challenged by educational policy reforms and technology to a two-way social relationship with students referred to as referent authority. Unfortunately, school policies and school rules and regulations do not attract the use of personal characteristics in class as teachers are supposed to wield legitimacy.  On the other hand, school curricula advocate for use of hidden curriculum as a way of achieving the whole personal performance. This article endeavored to establish the extent to which teachers used referent authority and the influence it had on their classroom role performance in Machakos County. A descriptive survey research design was employed. The target population was 369 principals, 4365 teachers, and 63973 form two and form Three students in 369 public secondary schools in the County. A total of 619 respondents were sampled using systematic, stratified, simple random and proportional sampling techniques. An interview schedule was used to collect data from the principals and questionnaires were used to gather data from teachers and students. Analyzed data from both teachers and students showed that they strongly agreed that teachers applied referent authority. Inferential statistics showed that referent authority had a significant influence on the role performance of teachers. This was also supported by head teacher responses who concluded that teachers who used referent authority in class influenced to a larger extent their performance.  The study concluded that when teachers use more referent authority practices, their performance in the classroom improved more as compared to when they used the other three authority types. This study recommended that the Ministry of Education, universities/colleges and TSC need to review teacher training curricula to equip teachers in the use of practices and approaches that lead to referent authority.
BORANA CULTURE'S CONCEPT OF ATONEMENT AND HOW IT AFFECTS CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY AND SPREADING THE GOSPEL
Authors: Huqa Domnic Dadacha , Obrempong James Nkansah
Published: October 2024

The paper addresses the challenge of religious inconsistency within the Borana community, where professed Christian faith does not align with actual religious practice, resulting in diminished commitment to churches. Borana people have turned to alternative religions like Islam or returned to their traditional Borana beliefs seeking spiritual fulfillment. To address this issue, the study proposes the adoption of a contextual theology of ritual and its interpretations as a suitable approach. Through internalizing Christianity via contextual theology, the faith can be fully lived, effectively addressing the religious concerns of the Borana people. The paper looks into exploring atonement among the Borana and its biblical foundations. Given the relational nature of atonement, its interpretation should be rooted in relationships while maintaining a strong biblical foundation. A contextual theological perspective is necessary to resonate with the Borana's religio-cultural understanding of atonement. It is imperative for missionaries, as primary evangelizers, to comprehend the various aspects of Borana culture and the significance of concepts like atonement that shape their beliefs. Understanding the functions and values associated with these concepts enables missionaries to offer valuable guidance to Borana converts. The research adopts a cultural perspective on atonement and utilizes Neiburh Richard's reflections on the relationship between Jesus and culture as a theoretical framework, employing a Christological approach rooted in anthropological research, specifically ethnography. Drawing upon ethnographic research and primary sources, the article examines the rituals, symbolic meanings, and social dynamics surrounding atonement in Borana culture. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical context, religious beliefs, and community practices, this study aims to shed light on the profound significance of atonement within the Borana society. The study's ultimate objective is to contextualize the biblical understanding of atonement within the Borana religio-cultural context, facilitating the internalization of the Christian faith. Major findings highlight the significant role of atonement rituals in Borana culture, involving the sacrificial shedding of animal blood. The study also identifies specific individuals designated to lead these rituals. It suggests that when these rituals adhere to prescribed procedures, positive relationships are assumed to exist among individuals and with their God. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of atonement in promoting social cohesion, resolving conflicts, and maintaining cultural harmony within Borana communities.
Team Communication and Employee Performance in Commercial Banks in Tanzania
Authors: Semvua Yusuph Shabani , Naikuru Dr. Susan , Maina Dr. Rebeccah
Published: October 2024

This study established the influence of team communication on employee performance in commercial banks in Tanzania. The study was anchored on the Katzenback and Smith model. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and targeted all 39 operational commercial bank headquarters. The unit of observation comprised senior managers, managers, supervisors, and lower-level employees in each of the commercial banks under review thus making a total of 1480 of the targeted respondents. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents; however, the expected sample size was 445 respondents with each senior manager, manager, supervisor, and lower-level employee contributing 30 percent of the total sample size. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with the assistance of statistical package for social sciences version 26. The study established that team communication influences employee performance in commercial banks. The study recommended that banks and many other organizations need to put in place mechanisms on how to evaluate -employee-based team performance rather than the rule thumb individual-based performance evaluation. The study has also pointed out strategic areas of importance into which managers in banks can look into the respective banks such as team communication that if well accommodated influence employee performance. In addition to other recommendations, it was proposed that, in light of these findings, work organizations evaluate their high-performance work system policy and activities by the degree to which they contribute directly to the accomplishment of the team’s strategic goals and objectives through the improvement of the employee performance.
AN EXPLORATION OF THE INTEGRATION OF ICT IN MATHEMATICS LESSONS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS, GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: F.M. Mwaniki , F.K Nyamu , M.M Waititu
Published: October 2024

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has brought about significant transformations in teaching and learning processes. In a mathematics classroom, ICT offers unique opportunities to enhance students' engagement, promote critical thinking, and foster conceptual understanding. This study explores strategies employed by mathematics teachers in integrating ICT into their lessons. The research design was a descriptive survey. The study was informed by the Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The target population consisted of 18 public secondary schools located in Garissa County. A sample of 267 mathematics students was selected using simple random sampling, while purposive sampling was used to select 18 mathematics teachers and 10 school principals from the ten selected schools. Data were collected through interviews with school principals, classroom observations, and surveys given to Mathematics teachers and students. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Bar graphs were used to present the results. Findings revealed that projectors, printers, and smart televisions were the main ICT tools available for teaching mathematics, while GeoGebra was the most commonly used software by mathematics teachers. PowerPoint presentations and whiteboard displays were commonly used by teachers during mathematics lessons. Based on the findings, one conclusion is drawn: the scarcity of ICT resources hindered effective mathematics instruction. The study recommended the acquisition of more ICT resources for teaching and learning Mathematics. The study's findings can inform policymakers and education stakeholders to efficiently utilize ICT in the mathematics classroom and enhance students' mathematics performance.
Leadership Skills and Growth of Micro and Small Farm Inputs Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Muthike Lawrence Munene , Memba, PhD Prof. Florence , Ngatia, PhD Dr. Peter
Published: October 2024

Micro and small farm inputs enterprises play a key role in many economies across the world since they supply farmers with agricultural inputs for food production and economic growth. Several policies and programs have been put in place to promote the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya. However, despite this effort, most of these enterprises continue to struggle with growth problems. This study sought to determine the influence of leadership skills on the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya. The study was supported by skills leadership theory. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy and descriptive survey design. The target population was 4,931 farm-inputs MSEs registered by the Agricultural Market Trust of Kenya. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings indicated that leadership skills had a positive and significant influence on the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya (b=1.111, p=0.000). The study concluded that leadership skills significantly and positively contribute to the increase in the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya. The study recommended the need for farm inputs for MSE owners to strengthen their leadership skills for improved productivity and growth of enterprises through training. In particular, the farm inputs MSEs’ owners should focus on enhancing the following aspects of leadership skills: implementation plans for business activities, problem identification techniques, action plans to resolve business crises, selection of the right staff, and supporting staff during delegation of duties and responsibilities.
THE ELDERLY PEOPLES’ PERCEPTION IN REFERENCE TO THEIR SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING IN SELECTED MAINSTREAM CHURCHES IN AFFLUENT KAREN-LANGATA, NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: Gachuri Esther Wangari , Adetunji Christian Matthew , Wanjao Jane Njango
Published: October 2024

There is a global concern about the exponential growth of the aging population, which must be put into perspective. By 2019, there were one billion people who were 60 years of age or older. This study investigated the elderly peoples’ perception in reference to their subjective wellbeing in selected mainstream churches in affluent Karen-Langata, Nairobi, Kenya. The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling method was used to select 11 respondents in the in-depth interviews and 12 respondents in the focus group discussions (FGDs). The population of the study was the category of the young-old who were 60-75 years old. Verbatim data was transcribed, and descriptive themes were generated to show individual perspectives. Most of the elderly's subjective wellbeing was found to be influenced by their sense of self-actualization, their sense of belonging, and their level of life satisfaction. The elderly felt a sense of belonging when they were accepted, given attention, and support by their close family and friends, included in neighbourhood events and held leadership positions in the community. The growing elderly population should prompt policymakers to operationalize measures that will aptly improve their psychosocial wellbeing. The County government should plan, design, and enforce construction with the elderly in mind where ramps, lifts, and accessible, bedrooms are included. The church can organize talks and forums on healthy aging, healthy grieving mechanisms, and setting up structures and programmes for better support to the elderly.
Career Guidance and Counseling Services for Virtual and Open Learning and its Impact on the Preservation of Post-Graduate Students in Kenyatta University, Kenya
Authors: Gathui Ngaruiya Lukas , Ogeta Norbert , Muchanje Peter Nyaga
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of career guidance and counseling services for VOL on the preservation of post-graduate students in Kenyatta University, Kenya. This study used a descriptive survey approach that included quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. The study’s population comprised two groups. The first group comprised all 8 director and assistant directors of student affairs in Kenyatta University VOL Centres. The second group comprised all the 2156 finalist students enrolled for the VOL programme who are the most familiar with the challenges experienced by VOL students and from whom it was possible to obtain the record of students who may have dropped out. The study used a census approach to sample all 8 director and assistant directors of student affairs, while the Fisher's method was used to calculate the size of the postgraduate finalist sample. Original data was used in the study. After editing the quantitative data, handling void responses, coding, and categorizing the data, the information was imported into SPSS version 22 for analysis. The study found that career counseling and guidance services for VOL improved postgraduate student retention. This was demonstrated by a significant correlation r coefficient of 0.758. Specifically, the study concluded that career guidance and counseling influenced the retention of post-graduate students in Kenya’s public universities. The study also concluded that student retention was influenced in the form of receiving encouragement to persist until they graduate, being encouraged to stay until completion of the academic degree, and receiving motivation to complete the course within the set period. According to the research's findings, the Ministry of Education’s state Department of Higher Education should institutionalize guidance and counseling as mandatory student support services in Virtual and Open Learning (VOL). The research also suggests that the Kenyan government form strategic alliances with social institutions that would allow public learning institutions to easily access career guidance and counseling services as a student support service.
Beyond Spouses' Imprisonment: Expectations of Non-incarcerated Female Partners of Inmates at Nigeria's Agodi-Ibadan Medium Correctional Facility
Authors: Adetunji Christian Matthew , Gachuri Esther Wangari , Wanjao Jane Njango
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to look into the connection between unmet needs and the effects they have on non-incarcerated partners. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with female spouses of incarcerated individuals at Nigeria's Agodi-Ibadan medium correctional facility. The study evaluated the lived experiences of ten participants using Satir's personal iceberg metaphor model as the theory and an interpretative phenomenology approach. Based on the research objectives, the study indicates that the participants' own expectations, as well as those of their spouses, as well as unmet expectations from their support system and society, have a significant impact on the effects of their partners' incarceration on them. The report provides policymakers, specialists, religious leaders, and community leaders with recommendations.
Effect of Flexible Working Hours on Employee Performance of Isiolo County Government, Kenya
Authors: Gufu Habadasso , Rintari Nancy , Kanyaru Ruth
Published: October 2024

The study sought to evaluate the effect of flexible working hours on employee performance of Isiolo County Government, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design whereby quantitative data was collected using close-ended questionnaires. Therefore, the target population included 1,662 employees of Isiolo County government in various departments. These employees were further sampled using a simple random method to obtain 43 directors, 48 managers, and 309 operational staff as the sample size. Further, the study undertook a pre-test study in Samburu County government whose feedback was assessed using Cronbach Alpha coefficient to test the reliability of the questionnaires. SPSS software version 25 was used during the analysis process to provide descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings of the questionnaire indicated that 86(25%) respondents, strongly agreed and 117(35%) agreed on a mean of 4.21, that there is a local arrangement between the staff and their supervisors on how to deliver the assigned tasks on remote working option However, 76(22%) respondents, strongly disagreed and 107(32%) disagreed on a mean of 2.43, Tasks are sub-divided using a job-sharing technique to allow employees attend to other areas of their lives and still manage to attain the departmental objectives. The correlation coefficient for flexible working hours r=0.741 at α < 0.02 and 99% significance level. Flexible working hours had a positive effect on the performance of employees. It was established that there was a hybrid working method that included in-office and remote operations. That notwithstanding, the choice of hybrid options was based on an informal agreement between first-line supervisor and an employee. This brought about unprofessional favors and an unbalanced allocation of tasks to the staff. Consequently, the long-term effect was poor completion of tasks, late submission of assignments, and lack of adequate supervision leading to unsatisfactory work. The recommendations on flexible working hours are that there should be a formal policy structure formulation by the management that allows equality and fairness in allocation of tasks and the choice of either working in an office or remotely. Additionally, there should be empowerment of organization laws and regulations to support disciplinary actions by the management, to discourage late submission of assignments. There should be an encouragement of work contract signing an agreement between the workers and the supervisors that supports in job training to reduce work-related errors/ unsatisfactory work.
Effect of Capacity Building of Teachers on Implementation of Performance Appraisal in Public Secondary Schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: S. Mumo Waema , Munguti Stephen , Nzioki Susan
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of capacity building of teachers on the implementation of performance appraisal in public secondary schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Kenya. The study was based on the Expectancy Theory of Motivation and was conducted using a descriptive survey design. The target population was 47 Principals and 416 teachers in public secondary schools in Mbooni-East Sub-County. A sample of 19 Principals and 126 teachers was selected through both stratified and simple random sampling. Quantitative data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was categorized into themes in accordance with the research objective and presented in narrative form. The findings revealed that capacity building of teachers affected the implementation of performance appraisal in public secondary schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Kenya. This was evidenced by the existence of capacity-building seminars and workshops in the schools where various stakeholders in the education sector participated in conducting the capacity-building programs both internal and external. The Ministry of Education should organize more workshops and seminars to sensitize teachers on the importance of performance appraisal and how to use the TPAD tool.  The Ministry should also engage teachers in public participation to ensure that they incorporate the required changes in the performance appraisal process to make it more productive.
Utilization of Textbooks and Its’ Influence on Students' Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Mwikali Dr. Agnetta , Kiende Dr. Hellen , Ogeta Dr. Norbert
Published: October 2024

School resource utilization is important in the functioning of learning institutions as it enhances better achievement of school goals. There is evidence of poor performance in public secondary schools in Makueni County hence the reason to have conceptualized this study. The purpose of this study was to examine utilization of textbooks and their influence on students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Makueni County. The objective of this study was to establish the level of utilization of textbooks and its influence on students’ academic performance in county secondary schools in Makueni County. The study adopted a mixed methods research design, specifically a convergent parallel research design, and was supported by Education Production Function Theory. Research instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Validity was achieved through expert judgment and reliability by test-retest technique. The target population was 60 county secondary schools, 60 principals, and 1004 teachers. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select the schools while systematic and purposive sampling was used to sample teachers, HoDs, and principals. The selected sample was 30 county schools, 30 principals, and 286 teachers inclusive of HoDs. Total number of respondents was 316. Descriptive and inferential statistics (means, percentages, and multiple regression) and thematic analysis worked out the level of utilization of textbooks on students’ academic performance. The findings showed that the utilisation of textbooks had a mean of 4.06, high correlation coefficient of 0.664. Multiple regression showed that textbooks strongly influenced learners’ academic performance. Qualitative data revealed that effective utilization of textbooks positively influenced students’ academic performance in county secondary schools in Makueni County. Major conclusion was that there was need to ensure effective utilisation textbooks resources in order to improve academic performance.
Influence of Supplier Management on Organizational Performance of New KCC Limited in Kenya
Authors: Ndwiga Nicera Wangiri , Mung’ara Dr. Maria
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of supplier management on organizational performance of New KCC Limited in Kenya. An explanatory research design was used in the study. 110 members of the new KCC management team were included in the target population. Because of the limited population, the study employed the census approach. Primary data was gathered using a questionnaire. Delivering the questionnaire, the researcher had two study partners help. The drop-and-pick method was then used. To increase the number of responses, surveys were also disseminated by email. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The research findings were calculated and analyzed using SPSS Version 22 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Diagrams and tables were used to display the results. From the results, it was observed that there is a positive and also significant correlation between supplier management and organizational performance. Regression analysis results also revealed a positive and significant relationship between supplier management and organizational performance. The study made suggestions that firms in Kenya should adopt this supplier management strategy. The study also made recommendations that policymakers in government should formulate policies that will address the negative effect of the firms' operating environment on the effect of TQM strategies on organizational performance.
Effect of Incentives on Organizational Commitment in Insurance Companies in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Mandago Dr. Rael , Tarus Johnstone Kipcumba
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To assess the effect of incentives on organizational commitment in insurance companies in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.
Methodology: Quantitative techniques were used for both data collection and analysis. The target population was 754 respondents who were drawn from the insurance companies in Uasin Gishu County. the sample size was 260 determined using Krejcie and Morgan table 1970 Appendix V. After the sample size of 260 respondents. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to participate in the research study, but after it had been determined how many from each of the insurance companies that participated. Data was analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequencies, skewness, and kurtosis) and Inferential Statistical Techniques. Under Inferential Statistics, regression analysis was used to determine the effect of a set of independent variables (high involvement work systems) on a dependent variable (organizational commitment), Co-efficient of Correlation using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 package.
Results: There is a significant effect of incentives on Organizational Commitment in insurance companies in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. This implies that the organizational commitment of employees is pegged on the use of incentives by insurance companies amongst their employees.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Based on a positive social exchange pay raises, commissions regular promotions build engagement among employees to encourage teamwork, boost morale and motivation for organizational commitment. The insurance company should effectively Communicate the incentive program that they have in place to the employees and execute it as communicated. The incentive program should be engaging, user-friendly where employees can participate in development and reap the benefits for sustained organizational commitment. The incentive programs should be as diverse as possible to help in attracting and retaining talent.
The Influence of Appraisal of Teacher’s Professional Knowledge and Application on the Implementation of Curriculum in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Geoffrey Langat Kipkirui , Kibaara Dr. Janerose Mutegi
Published: October 2024

Teacher Performance Appraisal (TPA) is recognized globally as a crucial tool in managing the performance of educators with the potential to greatly impact curriculum implementation and academic outcomes. However, despite its significance, teachers’ unions often oppose this policy, viewing it as a means to undermine educators. This research examines the influence of teacher appraisal on curriculum implementation in public secondary schools within Bureti Sub-County. By investigating the appraisal of teachers' professional knowledge and application, this study aims to shed light on factors that affect the effectiveness of curriculum delivery. The target population comprises 63 principals and 889 assistant teachers from 63 public secondary schools in Bureti Sub County. Sampling techniques include stratified, purposive, and random sampling, with structured questionnaires serving as research instruments. To test the reliability of the research instruments. Correlation analysis was used to establish if there was a relationship between the independent variables. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the relationship between the two variables with a value of + 1 and – 1. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze quantitative data. To determine the variance of the responses, ANOVA was used. Findings indicate that teacher appraisal significantly impacts curriculum implementation, with pedagogical competence, content mastery, adaptability, and collaboration emerging as key factors.  Recommendations include enhancing professional development, fostering reflective practice, aligning appraisal criteria with curriculum goals, and promoting leadership capacity among school administrators.
Market Linkages and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises: Insights from County Government Support Programs
Authors: Maina Cecilia Wanjiru , Gichohi Paul Maku , Kanyiri Adel
Published: October 2024

Small and medium enterprises suffer from inability to grow their markets and growth was curtailed by years of existing in the narrow markets at inception. This study sought to assess how market linkages offered by the county government affect the growth of SMEs in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya. This proposed study adopted a descriptive survey design and targeted 1200 registered SMEs in Laikipia East Sub-County who have had contact and engagement with the County Government of Laikipia via the Laikipia County Enterprise Development fund. A sample of 291 SMEs was calculated from which data was collected from the founders using a questionnaire. Data was then analysed using descriptive and regression analysis for quantitative data with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and content analysis for qualitative data. The study found that most of the respondents indicated that they were helped to get new customers to a small extent by the county government. Regression analysis showed that market linkages were statistically significant, F(1,289)=110., p<.001 explaining 77.4% of the variance in SME growth. The study concluded that market linkages offered by the county government also significantly affect the growth of SMEs in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya. It was recommended that county governments ought to assist SMEs in marketing their products & services. Training programs in conjunction with institutions of higher learning on marketing and digital marketing strategies can enhance SMEs' capabilities in marketing. The findings of this study have significant implications for the Kenya Micro and Small Enterprises Policy. The significant role of market linkages in SME growth indicates a need for the policy to enhance strategies that facilitate market access.
The Moderating Effect of Business Networking Skills on Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Growth of Youth Owned Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Robert Maina , Ngugi Patrick K. , Kihonge Ephantus
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Youth businesses play a key role in poverty alleviation when run based on entrepreneurial orientation. However, these micro and small enterprises face a mix of achievement and frustration, with previous findings showing that three out of five companies fail within the first few long periods of activity, despite government efforts to improve the sector. This study aims to assess the moderating effect of business networking skills of communication, coordination, and relationship skills between entrepreneurial orientation and the growth of youth-owned enterprises in Kenya.
Methodology: The study is supported by networking theory-Resource Based View. A stratified sampling technique was employed to obtain 397 SMEs from 55,300 SMEs registered by the seven selected counties in Kenya namely; Nairobi, Murang’a, Nakuru, Machakos, Mombasa, Kisii, and Isiolo counties. A cross-sectional survey methodology was utilized. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The findings indicated that the association between entrepreneurial orientation and expansion of youth-owned businesses in Kenya was positively moderated by networking skills.
Conclusion: The study concludes that networking skills, as measured by communication, coordination, and relationship skills lessen the overall influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the expansion of youth-owned businesses. The study suggests that founders of youth businesses should continue to hone their networking skills. In particular, they should be clear in communication just like other players in the market to effectively convey the right message, and apply relationship skills respectively.
Stakeholder Knowledge Transfer and Performance of Milk Processors in Nyeri and Laikipia Counties, Kenya
Authors: Wairegi Peter Ndiritu , Rintari Nancy , Kambura Susan
Published: October 2024

In stakeholder management, knowledge transfer is crucial as it facilitates mutual understanding, ensures that stakeholders are well-informed, and aligns expectations, thereby enhancing collaboration and decision-making processes. This study sought to assess the effect of knowledge transfer among stakeholders on performance of milk processors in Nyeri and Laikipia Counties in Kenya. The target population was the 22 milk processing firms in Nyeri and Laikipia Counties. The respondents to the study were the management staff of milk processing firms, farmers, transporters, marketers, and representatives of the regulators. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires and data was analysed descriptively with the aid of a statistical package for social science software and presented using frequencies and percentages. Results showed an average implementation of knowledge transfer among stakeholders. Correlation analysis was also conducted. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between knowledge transfer and performance, r(564) = .611, p < .001. The study concluded that knowledge transfer among stakeholders significantly influenced performance of milk processors in Nyeri and Laikipia Counties, Kenya. The study underscores the importance of promoting stakeholder engagement practices such as knowledge transfer. Policies that incentivize knowledge transfer programs can be instrumental in enhancing overall industry performance. Milk processors therefore ought to enhance knowledge transfer, especially on quality feeds, artificial insemination, and other inputs as this has a direct impact on the quality of milk and therefore the performance of the processors.
Classroom Assessment Methods and their Influence on Classroom Assessment in Early Years Education in Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Jepchumba Mutai Jane , Kariuki Samson , Mabonga Joel
Published: October 2024

The Kenyan Government reformed its 8-4-4 curriculum into a competency-based one (CBC) which emphasized classroom assessment. This would enhance skill acquisition in learners. To accomplish this aspiration, pedagogically skilled teachers were needed. However, several studies revealed that teachers couldn’t implement classroom assessment effectively. The study sought to establish classroom assessment methods and their influence on classroom assessment in early years education in Baringo County, Kenya. The study used a mixed method approach and cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were utilized. The instruments were a questionnaire, interview guide, and Focus Group Discussion. The target population was 700 public primary schools, 650 headteachers, 2800 EYE teachers, and 45 curriculum support officers. The study established that EYE teachers used written tests to assess all learners including learners of pre-primary (pp1 and pp2). This was contrary to the requirements of the Basic Education Curriculum Framework which required teachers of pre-primary level to avoid assessing learners using written tests thus posing a negative influence on classroom assessment. The study also revealed that EYE teachers had not guided their learners to develop showcase portfolios which negatively influenced classroom assessment aim of monitoring learners’ progress over time. It hindered the promotion of creativity among learners. The study recommends that EYE teachers teaching pp1 and pp2 should avoid assessing their learners using written tests as per the CBAF. Moreover, teachers of grades one, two, and three should also vary the assessment methods they use for classroom assessment rather than dwelling majorly on written tests. During pre-service teacher training, teachers should get adequate training on how to design assessment rubrics for different learning areas based on different assessment criteria and the difficulty index of the classroom assessment.
The Relationship Between Effective Leadership and Emotional Intelligence in Communication Sector in Kenya
Authors: Munyambu Loise
Published: October 2024

For the success of any organisation, there's a need for effectiveleadership for prosperity and continuity. In the early and contemporaryleadership theories, they both entail traits that an effective leader shouldportray. Leaders should also have emotional intelligence (EI) in anyorganisation structure. Leaders must understand their emotions and need toknow how to manage their emotions before they can manage the emotions of others to achieve the organisational goals. UnderstandhowEIcanbeusedtodevelopmentof leadersandEI isneeded inleadership. The literature review of theoretical and empirical studies demonstratesthat how EI competencies have positively linked to effective leadership andorganisational performance. The purpose of the study was to explore therelationship between effective leadership and the emotional intelligencecommunication sector in Kenya. The specific objectives are to establish thecorrelation between emotional intelligence (EI) and effective leadership in thesector and to identify the measure of emotional intelligence level among theleaders in the communication sector in Kenya where the participants werederived. The findings of the survey showed that the correlation between EQ andeffective leadership was positive and it improved the overall organisationperformance.
Parental Involvement Influence on Education Participation for Learners with Hearing Impairments in Special Public Primary Schools in Meru and Isiolo Counties- Kenya
Authors: Nthuku Purity Karegi , M Dr. Tarsilla Kibaara , M’Ngaruthi Dr. Timothy Kinoti
Published: October 2024

Globally need for education, as a measure of one's ability to function fully in today's society, is an important motivator for efforts to achieve the highest level of education in the world. The persistent under achievement of deaf students in Kenyan schools is of great concern as evidenced by final average scores in their formative and summative scores in their assessments. This study aimed to find out how parental involvement influences education participation for learners with hearing impairment. The study was guided by Maslows theory of motivation in learning. A phenomenological research design was utilized. The study targeted three primary schools handling learners with hearing impairments in Meru and Isiolo counties that is Kaaga, Njia, and Isiolo school for learners with hearing impairment. A thematic approach was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study revealed that parental involvement was minimal. Based on the study findings, collective effort should be made to sensitize the parents on their roles in the education of their children. Employers of parents of students with hearing impairments should be given days off with pay when going to attend to their children's issues in school like closing days, opening days, and clinic days for their children. The school should provide some incentives to parents like meals during the school meetings to help reduce parents’ expenses. The government should ensure tax waivers for parents of students with hearing impairments. The stakeholders should help change parental attitudes that their children will not make it.
An evaluation of social and cultural factors influencing the church's environmental stewardship mandate at CITAM Ongata-Rongai
Authors: Mugenyi Alpha Asiimwe
Published: October 2024

The social and cultural factors influencing the church's mandate on environmental stewardship, focus on a case study conducted at CITAM Rongai in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study aims to evaluate the extent to which CITAM Rongai has implemented and upheld environmental stewardship principles and practices as mandated by God. It investigates the church's efforts in promoting environmental conservation guided by the following objectives: to assess whether people’s practice influences its mandate on environmental stewardship mandate at CITAM Ongata-Rongai; to establish if social norms influence the church's mandate on environmental stewardship mandate at CITAM Ongata-Rongai; to establish if personal belief and values influence the church's mandate on environmental stewardship at CITAM Ongata-Rongai. The research used a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative on church members' data analysis to comprehensively understand the church's role in environmental stewardship. A total of 124 respondents participated in the study. They were able to provide insights to church leadership, policymakers, and the wider community interested in fostering sustainable practices and conservation strategies. The church needs to influence people’s practices on the execution of its mandate on environmental stewardship preaching and engaging experts on environmental stewards, to influence participants in tree planting. Secondly, the church needs to encourage its members on its mandate through its social norms within the church's social norms towards environmental stewardship. Through encouraging community engagement to build partnerships with local communities in Kajiado County to undertake environmental initiatives, such as tree planting drives, clean-up activities, and conservation projects. Thirdly The church needs to develop initiatives to ignite personal beliefs and values that would strongly contribute to their dedication to environmental stewardship among the participants and members at large and this will make them embrace and prioritize environmental stewardship.
Cultural Influences that Promote Gender Discrimination
Authors: Tindimwebwa Judith
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the challenges women face to advance in a leadership position in higher learning institutions in Rwanda. The study was based on leadership and change theories. The underrepresentation of women in higher education leadership is a complex socio-cultural issue that was examined through a qualitative research methodology (Yin, 2016).  The sources of data for this study came from individual interviews, focus groups, and document reviews. These different instruments helped in the triangulation of data which ensured reliability. From themes that emerged from the study, it was found that to promote gender equality in higher learning institutions in Rwanda, the inflexible cultural mores that discriminate against women must be acknowledged, challenged, and changed. A new model that integrates leadership and change theories should be developed and implemented to challenge cultural mores that promote gender discrimination.
Effect of Asset Reduction on Growth of Small Enterprises in Busia County, Kenya
Authors: Egesa Vivian Musungu , Sitienei C.S. Dr. Kipkorir
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to establish the effect of asset reduction on growth of small enterprises in Busia County, Kenya.
Methodology: Descriptive and explanatory research designs were used in the study. The research targeted 220 management employees of licensed small enterprises operating in Busia County in Kenya. A census was carried out on all management employees in the department because the number was small. Therefore, all 220 management employees of licensed small enterprises operating in Busia County were included in this study. The drop-and-pick method was used by the investigator to manage the surveys. The research collected primary data using a structured questionnaire.  The study supervisor reviewed the instrument and suggested any required changes to ensure content validity. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach alpha, the author evaluated the trustworthiness of the data tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated. Data was captured using tables.
Results: Regression of coefficients showed that there is a positive and significant effect of asset reduction and growth of small enterprises.
Conclusion: The study recommended that small enterprises should do replacement of long-term assets since this will enhance their growth. Further, Small enterprises should ensure they often modernize their assets since this enhances the small enterprises' internal operation efficiency and growth. However, firms should not concentrate on disposal of assets since it plays no role in firm growth.