bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating molecular order in nematic liquid crystal capillary bridgesviasurfactant adsorption: guiding principles from dissipative particle dynamics simulations
Authors: Sumer Zeynep , Striolo Alberto
Published: November 2018

Effect of surfactant tail length on the orientation of liquid crystals is investigated with dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations.
A genomic characterisation of monometallic nanoparticles
Authors: Rossi Kevin , Asara Gian Giacomo , Baletto Francesca
Published: November 2018

A “genomic” description of monometallic nanoparticles could help to design more efficient nanocatalysts.
Silicon oxides: a promising family of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhenhui , Yu Qiang , Zhao Yunlong , He Ruhan , Xu Ming , Feng Shihao , Li Shidong , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2018

Recent advances in the synthesis and lithium storage properties of silicon oxide-based anode materials.
Reversible complexation of ammonia by breaking a manganese–manganese bond in a manganese carbonyl ethylenedithiolate complex: a theoretical study of an unusual type of Lewis acid
Authors: Radu Luana-Flavia , Attia Amr A. A. , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu , Lupan Alexandru , King R. Bruce
Published: November 2018

The addition of bases such as ammonia and trimethylphosphine to H2C2S2Mn2(CO)6 to give yellow 1 : 1 adducts is shown to break the metal–metal bond rather than displace the coordinated double bond.
Mineral identity, natural organic matter, and repeated contaminant exposures do not affect the carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of 2,4-dinitroanisole during abiotic reduction
Authors: Berens Matthew J. , Ulrich Bridget A. , Strehlau Jennifer H. , Hofstetter Thomas B. , Arnold William A.
Published: November 2018

The fractionation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes during the reduction of 2,4-dinitroanisole is substantially different than that observed for hydrolysis reactions.
A series of CuII–LnIII complexes of an N2O3 donor asymmetric ligand and a possible CuII–TbIII SMM candidate in no bias field
Authors: Mahapatra Prithwish , Koizumi Naoki , Kanetomo Takuya , Ishida Takayuki , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: November 2018

Among four isostructural heterometallic CuII–LnIII complexes (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho or Er) of an N2O3 donor asymmetric ligand, only the CuII–TbIII complex shows SMM behavior at zero bias field but at applied bias field both the CuII–TbIII and CuII–DyIII complexes show SMM behavior.
α-Linolenic acid-modified pluronic 127-CS copolymeric micelles for the skin targeted delivery of amphotericin B
Authors: Zhou Feilong , Xu Hongmei , Song Zhimei , Zhu Li , Feng Sijia , Feng Runliang
Published: November 2018

In this study, an α-linolenic acid modified pluronic F127-block-chitosan (F127-(CS-LNA)2) copolymer was synthesized to prepare topical amphotericin B (AMB)-loaded micelles (AMB-M) via a dialysis technique.
Solvent coligands fine-tuned the structures and magnetic properties of triple-bridged 1D azido-copper(ii) coordination polymers
Authors: Cen Peipei , Yuan Weize , Luo Shuchang , Liu Xiangyu , Xie Gang , Chen Sanping
Published: November 2018

The structures and magnetic properties of three triple-bridged 1D azido–Cu(ii) coordination polymers are well-regulated by altering the coordinated alkanol molecules.
A unified synthesis of topologically diverse Aspidosperma alkaloids through divergent iminium-trapping
Authors: Mijangos Marco V. , Miranda Luis D.
Published: November 2018

Five Aspidosperma alkaloids within three structurally diverse topologies were synthesized from a single key intermediate, which could be selectively driven through three reaction paths: N(1)- vs. C(3)-indole cyclization vs. over-reduction, via the incorporation of conformational and electronic constraints that influence the reactivity of its derived iminium ion 7.
Facile fabrication of a jarosite ultrathin KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6@rGO nanosheet hybrid composite with pseudocapacitive contribution as a robust anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Naiteng , Tian Wendi , Shen Jinke , Qiao Xiaoguang , Sun Tao , Wu Hao , Zhao Jianguo , Liu Xianming , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2018

Earth-abundant and acid-resistant KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6@rGO nanosheets deliver stable lithium storage properties, owing to the induced pseudocapacitive contribution.
Deciphering the exceptional selectivity of semipinacol rearrangements incis-fused β-lactam diols using high-level quantum chemical methods
Authors: Baroudi Abdulkader , Karton Amir
Published: November 2018

The semipinacol rearrangement mechanism incis-fused β-lactam diols has been found to kinetically and thermodynamically favor acyl migration. The semipinacol rearrangement was also investigated fortrans-fused β-lactam diol, in which the reversed selectivity that favors the alkyl migration was observed.
The critical role played by water in controlling Pd catalyst speciation in arylcyanation reactions
Authors: Bray Joshua T. W. , Ford Mark J. , Karadakov Peter B. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Fairlamb Ian J. S.
Published: November 2018

Different ‘LnPd(0)’ species play a role in arylcyanation processes, depending on H2O content.
Normative Data for a Rapid, Automated Test of Spatial Release From Masking
Authors: Jakien Kasey M. , Gallun Frederick J.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to report normative data and predict thresholds for a rapid test of spatial release from masking for speech perception. The test is easily administered and has good repeatability, with the potential to be used in clinics and laboratories. Normative functions were generated for adults varying in age and amounts of hearing loss.

Method

The test of spatial release presents a virtual auditory scene over headphones with 2 conditions: colocated (with target and maskers at 0°) and spatially separated (with target at 0° and maskers at ± 45°). Listener thresholds are determined as target-to-masker ratios, and spatial release from masking (SRM) is determined as the difference between the colocated condition and spatially separated condition. Multiple linear regression was used to fit the data from 82 adults 18–80 years of age with normal to moderate hearing loss (0–40 dB HL pure-tone average [PTA]). The regression equations were then used to generate normative functions that relate age (in years) and hearing thresholds (as PTA) to target-to-masker ratios and SRM.

Results

Normative functions were able to predict thresholds with an error of less than 3.5 dB in all conditions. In the colocated condition, the function included only age as a predictive parameter, whereas in the spatially separated condition, both age and PTA were included as parameters. For SRM, PTA was the only significant predictor. Different functions were generated for the 1st run, the 2nd run, and the average of the 2 runs. All 3 functions were largely similar in form, with the smallest error being associated with the function on the basis of the average of 2 runs.

Conclusion

With the normative functions generated from this data set, it would be possible for a researcher or clinician to interpret data from a small number of participants or even a single patient without having to first collect data from a control group, substantially reducing the time and resources needed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7080878
Asteroseismic potential of CHEOPS
Authors: Moya A. , Barceló Forteza S. , Bonfanti A. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Van Grootel V. , Barrado D.
Published: November 2018

Context.Asteroseismology has been impressively boosted during the last decade mainly thanks to space missions such asKepler/K2 and CoRoT. This has a large impact, in particular, in exoplanetary sciences since the accurate characterization of the exoplanets is convoluted in most cases with the characterization of their hosting star. In the decade before the expected launch of the ESA mission PLATO 2.0, only two important missions will provide short-cadence high-precision photometric time-series: NASA–TESS and ESA–CHEOPS missions, both having high capabilities for exoplanetary sciences.

Aims.In this work we want to explore the asteroseismic potential of CHEOPS time-series.

Methods.Following the works estimating the asteroseismic potential ofKeplerand TESS, we have analysed the probability of detecting solar-like pulsations using CHEOPS light-curves. Since CHEOPS will collect runs with observational times from hours up to a few days, we have analysed the accuracy and precision we can obtain for the estimation ofνmax. This is the only asteroseismic observable we can recover using CHEOPS observations. Finally, we have analysed the impact of knowingνmaxin the characterization of exoplanet host stars.

Results.Using CHEOPS light-curves with the expected observational times we can determineνmaxfor massive G and F-type stars from late main sequence (MS) on, and for F, G, and K-type stars from post-main sequence on with an uncertainty lower than a 5%. For magnitudesV <  12 and observational times from eight hours up to two days, the HR zone of potential detectability changes. The determination ofνmaxleads to an internal age uncertainty reduction in the characterization of exoplanet host stars from 52% to 38%; mass uncertainty reduction from 2.1% to 1.8%; radius uncertainty reduction from 1.8% to 1.6%; density uncertainty reduction from 5.6% to 4.7%, in our best scenarios.
Combined geometrical modelling and white-light mass determination of coronal mass ejections
Authors: Pluta Adam , Mrotzek Niclas , Vourlidas Angelos , Bothmer Volker , Savani Neel
Published: November 2018

Context. We use forward modelling on multi-viewpoint coronagraph observations to estimate the 3-dimensional morphology, initial speed and deprojected masses of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The CME structure is described via the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) model, which enables the measurement of CME parameters in a consistent and comparable manner.

Aims. This is the first large-scale use of the GCS model to estimate CME masses, so we discuss inherent peculiarities and implications for the mass determination with a special focus on CME events emerging from close to the observer’s central meridian. Further, we analyse the CME characteristics best suited to estimate the CME mass in a timely manner to make it available to CME arrival predictions.

Methods. We apply the method to a set of 122 bright events observed simultaneously from two vantage points with the COR2 coronagraphs onboard of the twin NASA STEREO spacecraft. The events occurred between January 2007 and December 2013 and are compiled in an online catalogue within the EU FP7 project HELCATS. We statistically analyse the derived CME parameters, their mutual connection and their relation to the solar cycle.

Results. We show that the derived morphology of intense disk events is still systematically overestimated by up to a factor of 2 with stereoscopic modelling, which is the same order of magnitude as for observations from only one vantage point. The overestimation is very likely a combination of projection effects as well as the increased complexity of separating CME shocks and streamers from CME fronts for such events. We further show that CME mass determination of disk events can lead to overestimation of the mass by about a factor of 10 or more, in case of overlapping bright structures.

Conclusions. We conclude that for stereoscopic measurements of disk events, the measurement of the initial CME speed is the most reliable one. We further suggest that our presented CME speed-mass correlation is most suited to estimate the CME mass early from coronagraph observations.
Ratio of black hole to galaxy mass of an extremely red dust-obscured galaxy at z = 2.52
Authors: Matsuoka K. , Toba Y. , Shidatsu M. , Ueda Y. , Iwasawa K. , Terashima Y. , Imanishi M. , Nagao T. , Marconi A. , Wang W.-H.
Published: November 2018

We present a near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of WISE J104222.11+164115.3, an extremely red dust-obscured galaxy (DOG), which has been observed with the Long-slit Intermediate Resolution Infrared Spectrograph (LIRIS) on the 4.2m William Hershel Telescope. This object was selected as a hyper-luminous DOG candidate at z ∼ 2 by combining the optical and IR photometric data based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), although its redshift had not yet been confirmed. Based on the LIRIS observation, we confirmed its redshift of 2.521 and total IR luminosity of log(LIR/L⊙) = 14.57, which satisfies the criterion for an extremely luminous IR galaxy (ELIRG). Moreover, we indicate that this object seems to have an extremely massive black hole with MBH = 1010.92 M⊙ based on the broad Hα line: the host stellar mass is derived as M⋆ = 1013.55 M⊙ by a fit of the spectral energy distribution. Very recently, it has been reported that this object is an anomalous gravitationally lensed quasar based on near-IR high-resolution imaging data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. Its magnification factor has also been estimated with some uncertainty (i.e., μ = 53−122). We investigate the ratio of the black hole to galaxy mass, which is less strongly affected by a lensing magnification factor, instead of the absolute values of the luminosities and masses. We find that the MBH/M⋆ ratio (i.e., 0.0140–0.0204) is significantly higher than the local relation, following a sequence of unobscured quasars instead of obscured objects (e.g., submillimeter galaxies) at the same redshift. Moreover, the LIRIS spectrum shows strongly blueshifted oxygen lines with an outflowing velocity of ∼1100 km s−1, and our Swift X-ray observation also supports that this source is an absorbed AGN with an intrinsic column density of NHint = 4.9 × 1023 cm−2. These results imply that WISE J104222.11+164115.3 is in a blow-out phase at the end of the buried rapid black hole growth.
Numerical methods for Stochastic differential equations: two examples
Authors: de Raynal Paul-Éric Chaudru , Pagès Gilles , Rey Clément
Published: November 2018

The goal of this paper is to present a series of recent contributions arising in numerical probability. First we present a contribution to a recently introduced problem: stochastic differential equations with constraints in law, investigated through various theoretical and numerical viewpoints. Such a problem may appear as an extension of the famous Skorokhod problem. Then a generic method to approximate in a weak way the invariant distribution of an ergodic Feller process by a Langevin Monte Carlo simulation. It is an extension of a method originally developed for diffusions and based on the weighted empirical measure of an Euler scheme with decreasing step. Finally, we mention without details a recent development of a multilevel Langevin Monte Carlo simulation method for this type of problem.
Crowd motion and evolution PDEs under density constraints
Authors: Santambrogio Filippo
Published: November 2018

This is a survey about the theory of density-constrained evolutions in theWasserstein space developed by B. Maury, the author, and their collaborators as a model for crowd motion. Connections with microscopic models and other PDEs are presented, as well as several time-discretization schemes based on variational techniques, together with the main theorems guaranteeing their convergence as a tool to prove existence results. Then, a section is devoted to the uniqueness question, and a last one to different numerical methods inspired by optimal transport.
La posture éducative, une pièce maîtresse au service de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient !
Authors: Pétré Benoit , Peignot Alban , Gagnayre Remi , Bertin Eric , Ziegler Olivier , Guillaume Michèle
Published: November 2018

Introduction : La posture éducative est considérée par plusieurs auteurs comme la pierre angulaire pour le développement des compétences des professionnels de santé en éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP) et plus largement l’intégration de cette ETP dans les pratiques professionnelles. Cependant, le terme reste à clarifier au vu des constats de définition polysémique ou tout simplement d’absence de définition. Objectifs/contributions : Cet article décrit les enjeux autour de la définition, de la reconnaissance et du développement du concept de posture éducative. L’article propose également une caractérisation pragmatique du concept organisée autour de 7 dimensions : la relation au temps (le bon moment, le temps qu’il faut), les bénéfices de la pratique d’ETP (bien-être des professionnels de santé), les émotions et sentiments (qualité des échanges, partage), le caractère professionnel de l’ETP (compétences biomédicales et éducatives requises), l’approche globale et interdisciplinaire (complexité de la personne, intérêt d’un travail d’équipe), le caractère éducatif de la relation de soins (éducation intégrée aux soins) et la dimension éthique (réflexion jugée indispensable). Discussion/conclusion : Cette étude ouvre des perspectives de transformations des formations professionnelles, ainsi que des recherches orientées sur les interventions pédagogiques pour faire de cette posture éducative un objet d’apprentissage à part entière.
3D-CAM: Delir-Testinstrument für deutschsprachigen Raum übersetzt
Authors: Olbert Maria , Eckert Sophie , Mörgeli Rudolf , Marcantonio Edward , Spies Claudia
Published: November 2018

Das postoperative Delir (POD) ist eine häufige und schwerwiegende Komplikation nach chirurgischen Eingriffen. Darum müssen Patienten postoperativ gezielt auf die Entwicklung eines POD untersucht werden. Hierfür steht die Weiterentwicklung des bekannten Delir-Testinstruments CAM, das 3D-CAM, nun auch in deutscher Fassung zur Verfügung.
Optische Kohärenztomografie bei Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems
Authors: Papadopoulou Athina , Oertel Frederike , Zimmermann Hanna , Zeitz Oliver , Brandt Alexander , Paul Friedemann
Published: November 2018

Inflammatorische, degenerative und tumoröse Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) gehen häufig mit Veränderungen am Augenhintergrund und Sehstörungen einher. Mit der optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT) hat erstmals eine Methode Einzug in das neuroophthalmologische Methodenspektrum gehalten, die das strukturelle Korrelat dieser Sehstörungen quantitativ und für den klinischen Alltag praktikabel erfassen kann. Das auf Interferometrie beruhende, nicht invasive Verfahren ist in der Lage, hochaufgelöste Volumenaufnahmen der Retina aufzunehmen und die Dicke bzw. das Volumen einzelner Schichten der Netzhaut zu messen. Insbesondere die pRNFL (peripapilläre retinale Nervenfaserschicht) und GCIPL (Ganglienzellschicht und innere plexiforme Schicht zusammen) sind in der Neurologie von großem Interesse, da sie Axone und zugehörige Nervenzellen enthalten, die im weiteren Verlauf den Sehnerv bilden. Bei einer akuten Optikusneuritis (ON) kann eine initiale Schwellung der pRNFL zur Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose der ON und eine Verdünnung der GCIPL während der ersten 4 Wochen zur Prognose der Visuserholung beitragen. Bei der multiplen Sklerose (MS) ist die Rolle der OCT nicht nur in Zusammenhang mit der ON zu sehen. Auch MS-Augen ohne ON zeigen eine Verdünnung der pRNFL und GCIPL, die mit neurodegenerativen Prozessen im gesamten ZNS korreliert. Mehrere Studien haben Korrelationen zwischen diesen OCT-Parametern und dem Risiko für eine klinische Verschlechterung (Behinderungsprogression), kognitive Defizite, aber auch Krankheitsaktivität bei MS gezeigt, wobei es häufig noch unklar ist, wie dieser Zusammenhang in der Behandlung des individuellen Patienten nutzbar gemacht werden kann. OCT ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend auch bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie Morbus Parkinson, amyotropher Lateralsklerose und diversen Demenzformen eingesetzt worden. Ein Einsatz in der klinischen Routine ist jedoch noch in deutlich weiterer Ferne als bei entzündlichen ZNS-Erkrankungen, da der klinische Stellenwert von OCT für Diagnostik, Differenzialdiagnostik und Prädiktion bzw. Verlaufsbeurteilung bislang nicht geklärt ist. Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll einen Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage zu OCT-Parametern und deren Bedeutung bei inflammatorischen, degenerativen und tumorösen Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems schaffen.
Künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: November 2018

Der argentinische Schriftsteller Jorge Luis Borges hat uns eine gewisse, angeblich chinesische Enzyklopädie mit dem Namen „Himmlischer Warenschatz wohltätiger Erkenntnisse“ hinterlassen: „Auf ihren uralten Blättern steht geschrieben, dass die Tiere sich wie folgt unterteilen: a) dem Kaiser gehörige, b) einbalsamierte, c) gezähmte, d) Milchschweine, e) Sirenen, f) Fabeltiere, g) streunende Hunde, h) in diese Einteilung aufgenommene, i) die sich wie toll gebärden, j) unzählbare, k) mit feinstem Kamelhaarpinsel gezeichnete, 1) und so weiter, m) die den Wasserkrug zerbrochen haben, n) die von weitem wie Fliegen aussehen“ 1. Es darf gelacht werden – sehen wir hier nicht einen klaren Hinweis auf die Notwendigkeit „Künstlicher Intelligenz“ (KI), um endlich eine spektralreine, wirkliche „MECE“- Ordnung (engl.für Mutually Exclusive, Combined Exhaustive) der Kategorien zu schaffen und die Begrenztheiten und Inkonsistenzen menschlichen Denkens zu überwinden? Und belegen nicht die bis vor kurzem unvorstellbaren Rechenleistungen der Computer eine grundsätzliche Überlegenheit der Maschinen, deren höhere Entwicklungsstufe quasi evolutionär im Sinne des Transhumanismus durch die Biologie nur vorbereitet wurde? Steht damit eine für die Mitte des 21. Jahrhunderts von Googles Technischem Direktor Raymond Kurzweil vorhergesagte Singularität mit Auftreten einer transhumanen Überintelligenz bevor? Als Belege werden gerne die in Spielen wie Schach (Computer „Deep Blue“, 1996), Jeopardy! (Programm „Watson“, 2011) oder GO (Programm „AlphaGo“, 2016) schon heute erreichten Siege von Hochleistungsrechnern bzw. Programmen gegenüber den jeweiligen menschlichen Champions angeführt. Wird menschliche Intelligenz in der KI ihren Meister finden?
Acute Effects of Pedaling Cadence at Low Intensity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Yin Jun , Wu Hao , Yu Lan , Zhang Jing , Zhu Weili
Published: November 2018

To examine the acute influence of pedaling cadence on arterial stiffness in young men, 15 healthy men (21.8±0.4 years) underwent 3 trials in self-control crossover design: non-cycling control (CON), cycling at 60 (RPM60) and 90 rounds per min (RPM90). Cycling lasted 30 min at intensity of 35% heart rate reserve. Arterial stiffness in cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured at baseline (BL), immediately after (0 min) and 40 min after cycling. There were no significant CAVI changes over time in CON. CAVI in RPM60 decreased immediately after exercise and returned to baseline afterwards (6.1±0.2, 5.6±0.2 and 6.0±0.2 at BL, 0 and 40 min, respectively). RPM90 elicited significant CAVI reduction from 6.2±0.2 at BL to 5.5±0.2 at 0 min, and reverted to 5.7±0.1 at 40 min, maintaining significant difference to its baseline. There was no significant CAVI difference between RPM60 and CON, whereas CAVI in RPM90 was significantly lower than that in CON at 0 min (5.5±0.2 vs 6.1±0.2, P<0.01) and 40 min (5.7±0.1 vs 6.3±0.1, P<0.05). Despite equivalent exercise volume, arterial stiffness improvement induced by cycling was influenced by pedaling cadence. Higher cadence resulted in superior effect on arterial stiffness.
Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylates with Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates
Authors: Kalyani Dipannita , Howard Anna , Klemann Samantha , Kolling Sarah , Little Katrina , Plasek Erin
Published: November 2018

A method for the nickel-catalyzed coupling of alkynyl carboxylates or acids with aryl tosylates and mesylates is described. Electronically varied carboxylates and aryl electrophiles participate in these transformations to afford the desired diarylalkyne products. In general, electrophiles bearing an extended π-system lead to products in higher yields than sulfonates with only one aromatic ring.
Complex Boron-Containing Molecules through a 1,2-Metalate Rearrangement/anti-S
N
2′ Elimination/Cycloaddition Reaction Sequence
Authors: Tillin Chloe , Bigler Raphael , Calo-Lapido Renata , Collins Beatrice , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder
Published: November 2018

The three-component coupling of benzylamines, boronic esters, and 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (PTAD) is reported. The boronate complex formed from an ortho-lithiated benzylamine and a boronic ester undergoes a stereospecific 1,2-metalate rearrangement/anti-S
N
2′ elimination in the presence of an N-activator to provide a dearomatized tertiary boronic ester. Interception of this dearomatized intermediate with a dienophile leads to stereopredictable cycloaddition reactions to generate highly complex three-dimensional boron-containing molecular structures. When enantioenriched α-methyl-substituted benzylamines are employed, the corresponding cycloaddition adducts are formed with excellent enantiospecificities.
Optoelectric charging-discharging of Ge nanocrystals in floating gate memory
Authors: Palade C. , Slav A. , Lepadatu A. M. , Maraloiu A. V. , Dascalescu I. , Iftimie S. , Lazanu S. , Ciurea M. L. , Stoica T.
Published: November 2018

Photo-induced effects on charging and discharging of nanocrystals (NCs) in capacitor memories with Ge NCs in an HfO2 matrix as a floating gate layer are studied. The sequence of layers HfO2/Ge-HfO2/HfO2 was deposited on a p-Si substrate using magnetron sputtering. Well separated Ge NCs are obtained after rapid thermal annealing at 600 °C. The optoelectric capacitor memories were fabricated with a semi-transparent electrode on top of the structure and an Al electrode on the back side of the Si substrate. Light illumination effects on hysteresis curves were investigated using different operation modes. The hysteresis window increases by increasing the light exposure time. The spectral dependence of the hysteresis window shows the maximum contribution of the light in the wavelength range of 950–1000 nm, corresponding to both contributions from the Si substrate and from Ge NCs. The stored information about the electrical and optical pulses is also investigated in the regime of the flat band potential measurements (retention measurements). It is shown that in our memory structure, the photo-effect on the memory retention corresponds to a tunnelling transfer of negative charges from the Si substrate to Ge NCs, up to a mean value of 1.6 electrons per NC.
Memristive behavior of field-driven domain-wall motion in a width-modulated structure with multiple Hall crosses
Authors: Hwang H.-K. , Kwon J. , Lee K.-S. , Hong J.-I. , You C.-Y.
Published: November 2018

The remarkable property of a memristor is that it provides multiple resistance states by remembering the current or voltage history associated with the magnetic flux and charge in the device. We investigate the domain wall (DW) motion in a multiple Hall crosses (MHCs) structure to realize the memristive DW device. We fabricated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) micro-wires for a [Co/Pt]4 multilayer stack, and they contain MHCs with various widths. When an external field is applied, a DW alternately passes through each Hall cross, thereby creating a hysteresis loop with various magnitudes of Hall resistance states depending on the DW position. Because the measured Hall signal relies on the DW position, which is a function of the history of the field, the basic requirements of a memristor are satisfied. In addition to the anomalous Hall signal, the movement of the DW in the PMA system by field pulses has been recorded using a Kerr microscope to confirm the DW position. The results reveal that the DW motion in the width-modulated MHCs system can be used as a promising test bed and/or application of the memristive DW-motion device.
Design of anti-site disorder for tunable spontaneous exchange bias: Mn-Ni-Al alloys as a case
Authors: Wang X. , Li M. M. , Li J. , Yang J. Y. , Ma L. , Zhen C. M. , Hou D. L. , Liu E. K. , Wang W. H. , Wu G. H.
Published: November 2018

A reasonable design not only accelerates the discovery of materials but also optimizes the performance of existing materials. Here, we report that microscopically the active design of the degree of anti-site disorder from 20% to 27% can be realized by tuning the Al content in Mn50Ni50-xAlx. Mesoscopically, the control of the pinning interface and the magnetic cluster size of the spin glass required for spontaneous exchange bias (SEB) are achieved. The P value reflecting the magnetic cluster size can be changed from 0.0067 to 0.0437. Finally, macroscopically, SEB in Mn50Ni50-xAlx (x = 10–15) is achieved, and the largest SEB field (1370 Oe) is obtained in Mn50Ni37Al13 with the largest degree of anti-site disorder and the smallest magnetic cluster size. Our results demonstrate that anti-site disorder can be not only an effective method for obtaining SEB but also a tool for stabilizing SEB in a wide elemental content window.
Suppression of low frequency sound transmission in fluid-filled pipe systems through installation of an anechoic node array
Authors: Liu Boyun , Liu Jinchun , Wei Wei , Shen Huijie , Wei Zhendong
Published: November 2018

To provide low frequency noise control in the fluid-filled pipe systems of ships, a periodic waveguide made of an array of expansionary mufflers (referred to as anechoic nodes) installed axially on a pipe is proposed. Broad and low frequency acoustic band gaps can be generated with this periodic pipe system from the destructive interference of reflected, transmitted, and incident waves at the muffler installation nodes, and will be reinforced over some desired low frequency ranges. Within the band gaps, the transmission of acoustic noise inside the internal media of the periodic pipe system will be effectively attenuated. Key parameters for modulating the central frequency, bandwidth, and attenuation coefficient of the band gaps include the lattice constant, expansion ratio, and muffler length, and these factors are investigated following analysis of the formation mechanism of the band gaps. The results obtained in this study suggest that the introduction of a muffler array to form a periodic structure in the piping system can suppress the propagation of acoustic waves with longer wavelengths, thus achieving control of lower frequency pipe noises.
A reliable MEMS switch using electrostatic levitation
Authors: Pallay Mark , Towfighian Shahrzad
Published: November 2018

In this study, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) beam is experimentally released from pull-in using electrostatic levitation. A MEMS cantilever with a parallel plate electrode configuration is pulled-in by applying a voltage above the pull-in threshold. An electrode is fixed to the substrate on each side of the beam to allow electrostatic levitation. Large voltage pulses upwards of 100 V are applied to the side electrodes to release the pulled-in beam. A large voltage is needed to overcome the strong parallel plate electrostatic force and stiction forces, which hold the beam in its pulled-in position. A relationship between bias voltage and release voltage is experimentally extracted. This method of releasing pulled-in beams is shown to be reliable and repeatable without damaging the cantilever or electrodes. The proposed approach is of great interest for any MEMS component that suffers from the pull-in instability, which is usually irreversible and permanently destroys the device, as electrostatic levitation allows pulled-in structures to be released and reused. It has a promising application in MEMS switches by creating a normally closed switch as opposed to current MEMS switches, which are normally open.
Ferroelectricity mediated by ferroelastic domain switching in HfO2-based epitaxial thin films
Authors: Shimizu Takao , Mimura Takanori , Kiguchi Takanori , Shiraishi Takahisa , Konno Toyohiko , Katsuya Yoshio , Sakata Osami , Funakubo Hiroshi
Published: November 2018

Herein, ferroelastic domain switching from the nonpolar b-axis to the polar c-axis oriented domain in 7%-YO1.5-substituted HfO2 (YHO-7) epitaxial ferroelectric films is demonstrated. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) indicates that the polarization of a pristine film deposited on a Sn-doped In2O3/(001)YSZ substrate by the pulsed laser deposition method tends to be along the in-plane direction to avoid a strong depolarization field with respect to the out-of-plane direction. Applying an electric field aids in ferroelastic domain switching in YHO-7 films. Such films exhibit ferroelectric characteristics with a relatively large saturated polarization around 30 μC/cm2 by polarization reorientation from the in-plane to the out-of-plane directions and an increased dielectric constant. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements with a focused beam for the pristine and poled area indicate ferroelastic 90° domain switching as the odd number reflection disappears, which is only allowed in the nonpolar b-axis orientation. STEM observations also show a significant increase in the c-axis oriented domain. This observation of ferroelastic domain switching strongly supports the conclusion that the ferroelectricity of HfO2 originates from the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic phase.
Turing-Hopf bifurcation analysis in a superdiffusive predator-prey model
Authors: Liu Biao , Wu Ranchao , Chen Liping
Published: November 2018

The predator-prey model with superdiffusion is investigated in this paper. Here, the existence of Turing-Hopf bifurcation and the resulting dynamics are studied. To understand such a degenerate bifurcation in the anomalously diffusive system, the weakly nonlinear analysis is employed and the amplitude equations at the Turing-Hopf bifurcation point are obtained. Moreover, by analyzing the amplitude equations under suitable conditions, the abundant spatiotemporal dynamics are presented. In addition, to illustrate the theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations are carried out.
Cardiovascular risk assessment and management in mental health clients: Perceptions of mental health and general practitioners in New Zealand
Authors: Wheeler Amanda , Harrison Jeff , Homes Zara
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: People with mental illness have higher rates of morbidity and mortality, largely due to increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome is well recognised but rarely expressed as a need to assess and manage cardiovascular risk factors; furthermore there is confusion about whose role this is. This study explores health practitioners knowledge, attitudes, barriers/solutions towards cardiovascular risk assessment and management in mental health patients. METHOD: A survey of mental health practitioners (MHPs n=421) and general practitioners (GPs n=232) was undertaken in a health service in Auckland. RESULTS: Three-quarters of respondents agreed mental illness predisposes to CVD. Fifty-five percent of MH doctors agreed they could effectively assess CVD risk compared to 67% of GPs. Only 21% of MH doctors agreed they could effectively manage CVD risk compared to 57% of GPs. Seventy-nine percent of MHPs believed that assessing CVD risk was a joint responsibility between GP and MHP, compared to 33% of GPs; 62% of GPs believed it was their sole responsibility. Forty-six percent of MHPs believed managing CVD risk was a joint responsibility compared with 29% of GPs; 58% of GPs saw this as their role. Only 13% of MHPs and fewer than 4% of GPs agreed that MH services were effectively assessing and managing CVD risk. MHPs identified lack of knowledge and skills (58%) and poor communication between primarysecondary care (53%) as the main barriers. GPs identified barriers of poor communication (64%) and patient compliance with health care management (71%). The top two solutions proposed by MHPs were provision of GP subsidies (47%) and training (43%). GPs also identified provision of a subsidy (66%) and collaborative management between GPs and MH (44%) as solutions. CONCLUSION: There is widespread recognition of increased risk of CVD in MH patients. MHPs do not believe they have the knowledge and skills to manage this risk. GPs believe this is their responsibility. Both groups recognise communication with, and access to, primary care for MH patients as key barriers. KEYWORDS: Mental health, cardiovascular risk, risk reduction
Summary of an evidence-based guideline on soft tissue injuries and related disorders – Part 2: Management
Authors: Robb Gillian , Arroll Bruce , Reid Duncan , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: November 2018

AIM: To provide a succinct summary of the management of soft tissue injuries to the shoulder for primary health care practitioners based on the New Zealand guideline. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team developed the guideline by critically appraising and grading retrieved literature using the Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiology (GATE); and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network. Recommendations were derived from resulting evidence tables. RESULTS: For the management of soft tissue shoulder disorders there is little evidence to support or refute the efficacy of common interventions for shoulder disorders in general and rotator cuff disorders in particular. For rotator cuff tendinosis and partial tears, use NSAIDs and subacromial corticosteroid injections with caution and provide a trial of supervised exercise. For frozen shoulders, intra-articular corticosteroid injection should be considered and refer for supervised exercise after acute pain has settled. For shoulder instability, good evidence supports the referral of physically active young adults for orthopaedic intervention following a first traumatic shoulder dislocation. CONCLUSION: While there is a dearth of good evidence, this guideline does provide a framework for the management of common soft tissue injuries of the shoulder. KEYWORDS: Shoulder, soft tissue injuries, primary health care
A patient-centred referral pathway for mild to moderate lifestyle and mental health problems: Does this model work in practice?
Authors: Calveley Jill , Verhoeven Angela , Hopcroft David
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: The Primary Lifestyle Options Programme was an innovative eight-month, patient-centred, early primary carebased pilot aimed at identifying and promptly enabling people with mild to moderate mental health and lifestyle problems to access a range of free interventions as soon as possible. PROBLEMS: Mild to moderate mental health and lifestyle issues are easily overlooked in primary care. Patients with these problems, once identified, often need support to choose and access treatment providers. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT: During a GP visit a patient requests help by completing a CHAT (Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool) which assesses depression, anxiety, abuse, anger, exercise level, insomnia, and addictions (gambling, tobacco, alcohol and other substances). Patients subsequently have a 30-minute GP consultation where a range of services to address identified problem(s) is offered; this choice is assisted by a comprehensive resource manual. A programme coordinator facilitates access to services by making appointments and liaising between patients and providers. A follow-up GP consult is available. RESULTS: 456 patients (6% Maori) aged from 15 to 84 years requested help via the CHAT for one to seven issues per patient, over an eight-month period. Anxiety, depression and insomnia were the commonest reasons for requesting help. A feedback questionnaire focussed on the usefulness and practicality of the pathway, showing widespread approval from patients, GPs and other treatment providers. CONCLUSIONS: This programme enables a patient to identify and request help for mental health and lifestyle problems at a mildmoderate stage, and to be supported through an intervention pathway that otherwise is unlikely to be available in a busy primary care environment. KEYWORDS: Primary care, patient-centred, mental health
The Pacific primary health care workforce in New Zealand: What are the needs?
Authors: Ape-Esera Luisa , Nosa Vili , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: November 2018

AIM: To scope future needs of the NZ Pacific primary care workforce. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with key informants including Pacific primary care workers in both Pacific and mainstream primary health care organisations and managers at funding, policy and strategy levels. Qualitative thematic analysis using general inductive approach. RESULTS: Thirteen stakeholders interviewed (four males, nine females) in 2006. Included both NZ- and Island-born people of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, Fijian and NZ European ethnicities; age 20–65 years. Occupations included general practitioner, practice nurse, community worker, Ministry of Health official and manager representing mainstream and Pacific-specific organisations. Key themes were significant differences in attributes, needs and values between ‘traditional’ and contemporary Pacific people; issues regarding recruitment and retention of Pacific people into the primary health care workforce; importance of cultural appropriateness for Pacific populations utilising mainstream and Pacific-specific primary care services and both advantages and disadvantages of ‘Pacific for Pacific’ services. CONCLUSION: Interviews demonstrated heterogeneity of Pacific population regarding ethnicity, age, duration of NZ residence and degree of immersion in their culture and language. Higher rates of mental disorder amongst NZ-born Pacific signpost urgent need to address the impact of Western values on NZ-born Pacific youth. Pacific population growth means increasing demands on health services with Pacific worker shortages across all primary health care occupations. However it is not possible for all Pacific people to be treated by Pacific organisations and/or by Pacific health workers and services should be culturally competent regardless of ethnicity of providers. KEYWORDS: Pacific Islands, New Zealand, manpower, ethnic groups, Oceanic Ancestry Group, primary health care
A special type of 'hard-to-reach' patient: experiences of pregnant women on methadone
Authors: Chan Calvin , Moriarty Helen
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: Opiate addicts in New Zealand are a heterogeneous, hard-to-reach group with illicit drug activity as their common characteristic. This project investigated the experience of a specific hardto-reach group: pregnant women with opiate dependency, focussing on their interactions with helping services and social networks. The aim was to explore the interactions of pregnant women on methadone with helping services and social support, with the objective to make recommendations to improve service to this hard-to-reach group. METHOD: Questions for staff and client interview schedules were constructed, informed by a literature search. Seven methadone clinic staff were interviewed and a questionnaire was distributed to 10 antenatal clinic staff known to have previously managed pregnant women on methadone. Five methadone clients were interviewed at the clinic and interviews taped for transcription with consent. FINDINGS: High risk pregnancies warrant a multidisciplinary approach, but in the hard-to-reach this ideal can itself be out of reach. Although primary care is better placed than secondary care to coordinate maternity and community support services, few opiate-dependent people have a regular general practitioner and may have perceived or actual barriers to access to care. Perceived stigma deterred these women from engaging. Women also fear that services will judge and report them, worrying about the health of their child and the powers of child protection services. CONCLUSION: A fresh consideration of the functionality of services to the hard-to-reach may be beneficial. A nursing concept of face-work throws some light on the misperception of well-intentioned services by the hard-to-reach. KEYWORDS: Pregnancy; methadone maintenance; addiction; hard-to-reach; face-work, resilience.
Causes of excess hospitalisations among Pacific peoples in New Zealand: implications for primary care
Authors: Sopoaga Faafetai , Buckingham Ken , Paul Charlotte
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: Pacific people suffer disproportionately poorer health and reduced life expectancy at birth compared to the total New Zealand population. AIM: To assess causes of excess morbidity in the Pacific population, and identify lesser known or previously unknown causes which require further investigation. METHODS: We obtained public hospital discharge data from July 2000 to December 2002. The population data were from the 2001 Census. Standardised discharge ratios were calculated to compare Pacific peoples with the total New Zealand population. RESULTS: Pacific peoples were six times more likely to have a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy and gout, and four to five times of rheumatic fever, gastric ulcer, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and diabetes. Respiratory diseases, skin abscesses, heart failure, cataracts, cerebral infarction and chronic renal failure were also significant causes of excess morbidity. Unexpected causes of excess morbidity included candidiasis, excess vomiting in pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum) and pterygium. DISCUSSION: The magnitude of established causes of excess morbidity among Pacific peoples were similar to our findings. Other causes of excess morbidity are less widely known, or are identified here for the first time. These are systemic lupus erythematosus, hyperemesis gravidarum, cardiomyopathy, gastric ulcer, candidiasis and pterygium. The findings draw attention to specific causes of excess morbidity in Pacific communities where effective interventions are available in primary care, and where further research may identify preventive or curative interventions. KEYWORDS: Pacific peoples; primary care; hyperemesis gravidarum; morbidity; hospitalizations
What influences practice nurses to participate in post-registration education?
Authors: Richardson Anna , Gage Jeffrey
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: There is a need for educated primary health nurses to develop their practice, educational and career pathways in response to opportunities emerging from the Primary Health Care Strategy (PHCS). This study aimed to explore the opportunities and constraints encountered by practice nurses when participating in post-registration education. METHODS: This study used exploratory qualitative design, incorporating focus group interviews with 16 practice nurses employed by Pegasus Health, Christchurch. Qualitative thematic analysis used a general inductive approach. FINDINGS: Seven key themes emerged, including motivation to learn, enablers for learning and challenges to accessing education. Practice nurses also described their changing roles with clients and their vision for practice nursing in the future. CONCLUSION: This study considered accessibility of post-registration education for practice nurses and the extent to which they are embracing these opportunities in order to meet their practice needs. The PHCS states that primary health care nursing is crucial to its implementation. Successful expansion of primary health care nursing roles rests on the development of educational qualifications and skills, as well as career frameworks. It is envisaged that, with strong leadership and research skills resulting from professional development, practice nurses will be more able to reduce health inequalities. Study findings indicate that practice nurses are rising to the challenge of expanding their roles and engaging in post-registration education. They are more likely to pursue this if constraints are minimised and support increased. Currently practice nurses make significant contributions to primary health care and have the potential for an even greater contribution in the future. KEYWORDS: Nurses; practice nursing; nursing education, post-registration; New Zealand