bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal document recommendation system: a dictionary based approach
Authors: Dhanani Jenish , Mehta Rupa , Rana Dipti P.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

In the Indian judicial system, the court considers interpretations of similar previous judgments for the present case. An essential requirement of legal practitioners is to determine the most relevant judgments from an enormous amount of judgments for preparing supportive, beneficial and favorable arguments against the opponent. It urges a strong demand to develop a Legal Document Recommendation System (LDRS) to automate the process. In existing works, traditionally preprocessed judgment corpus is processed by Doc2Vec to learn semantically rich judgment embedding space (i.e. vector space). Here, vectors of semantically relevant judgments are in close proximity, as Doc2Vec can effectively capture semantic meanings. The enormous amount of judgments produces a huge noisy corpus and vocabulary which possesses a significant challenge: traditional preprocessing cannot fully eliminate noisy data from the corpus and due to this, the Doc2Vec demands huge memory and time to learn the judgment embedding. It also adversely affects the recommendation performance in terms of correctness. This paper aims to develop an effective and efficient LDRS to support civilians and the legal fraternity.

Design/methodology/approach

To overcome previously mentioned challenges, this research proposes the LDRS that uses the proposed Generalized English and Indian Legal Dictionary (GEILD) which keeps the corpus of relevant dictionary words only and discards noisy elements. Accordingly, the proposed LDRS significantly reduces the corpus size, which can potentially improve the space and time efficiency of Doc2Vec.

Findings

The experimental results confirm that the proposed LDRS with GEILD yield superior performance in terms of accuracy, F1-Score, MCC-Score, with significant improvement in the space and time efficiency.

Originality/value

The proposed LDRS uses the customized domain-specific preprocessing and novel legal dictionary (i.e. GEILD) to precisely recommend the relevant judgments. The proposed LDRS can be incorporated with online legal search repositories/engines to enrich their functionality.
Innovation process of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in greater Jakarta area (perspective from foodpreneurs)
Authors: Candra Sevenpri , Wiratama I Nyoman Agus Dwi , Rahmadi Muhammad Airlangga , Cahyadi Vincent
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are a critical part of a country or region’s economy. They have contributed to more than half of Indonesia’s gross domestic product. However, MSMEs today are still getting problems and obstacles in the Indonesian industry. One of them is the lack of knowledge about entrepreneurship that hampers the development of a business and the emergence of innovation. This study aims to understand the innovation process and extend the knowledge regarding entrepreneurship in food and beverage MSMEs in Greater Jakarta Area.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is descriptive–associative research. It uses the online survey as a data collection method with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling with the criteria foodpreneurs from MSMEs in Greater Jakarta Area. The data are measured using Likert scale and analyzed using structural equation modeling-partial least squares.

Findings

The results suggest that centralized decision-making positively impacts collaboration, communication and contributes to innovation. Communication effects the entrepreneur's knowledge and collective entrepreneurship. In terms of collaboration, it affects entrepreneur's knowledge and collective entrepreneurship. Then, the entrepreneur's knowledge and collective entrepreneurship influence innovation.

Research limitations/implications

This research is only conducted using MSMEs of food and beverages in Greater Jakarta Area as the samples. Hence the results cannot be generalized. Different sectors may have different results.

Practical implications

A centralized decision can be done but limited in certain situations only. Then, foodpreneurs should collaborate and communicate more intensely with their employees. It will impact the harmonious collaboration and collective problem-solving to achieve creative solutions.

Originality/value

There is limited research focusing on foodpreneurs and the innovation process. So, this research results can add to the existing literature review.
“Honor thy father and thy mother”: the contribution of verbal concerns to the understanding of elderly patients’ satisfaction
Authors: Semyonov-Tal Keren
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims first, to provide a typology of complaints concerning the treatment of elderly patients in geriatric wards; second, to estimate reported satisfaction with treatment; and third, to assess the link between verbal concerns and satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the “Survey of Geriatric Wards, 2019” a sample of 4,725 family members of patients, hospitalized in 99 geriatric wards in Israel were asked to rate their overall satisfaction with treatment; they also were asked to provide verbal information on the hospitalization experience through an open-ended question. A content analysis was applied to the verbal answers, to classify them into distinct qualitative categories; a regression analysis was applied to examine the impact of the concerns on the level of patient satisfaction, net of patient’s characteristics.

Findings

Level of satisfaction among family members is very high (8.16 on a scale from 1–10), with only very few expressing verbal concerns (2.3%). Content analysis reveals five reoccurring themes: physical violence (33.3%), verbal violence (19.2%), discrimination (21.2%), lack of dignified hospitalization conditions (8.1%) and communication (18.2%). Further analysis reveals that satisfaction among those who complained, especially about interpersonal relations, is considerably and significantly lower than others.

Originality/value

Despite high levels of satisfaction with medical care in geriatric wards, the findings underscore voiced complaints as major source for explaining dis-satisfaction with hospitalization. Complaints in the realm of interpersonal relations, especially regarding verbal violence, discrimination and communication, seem to be most consequential for lowering levels of satisfaction with treatment.
Online labor platforms versus temp agencies: what are the differences?
Authors: Meijerink Jeroen , Arets Martijn
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare online labor platforms (OLPs) such as Upwork, Fiverr, YoungOnes and Temper with traditional temp agencies. At a first glance, OLPs and temp agencies strongly resemble each other while they aim to meet the need for short-term labor of organizations. The authors ask the question how these labor market intermediaries differ on issues such as information technology usage, ways how labor supply and demand are matched and working conditions (e.g. status, pay and social security of workers).

Design/methodology/approach

Next to a review of the academic literature, the authors conducted interviews with representatives of six OLPs and temp agencies in the Netherlands as well as a legal specialist in Dutch labor law.

Findings

The authors found that OLPs and temp agencies differ on several issues. First, although OLPs rely on online marketplaces for matching labor supply and demand, temp agencies generally rely on human matchmakers. Second, although OLPs enable workers and client organizations to initiate transactions themselves, temp agencies employ representatives that do the matching for workers and clients. Third, and as a result, OLPs afford client organizations to almost instantly hire workers on-demand, whereas the flexibility and speed that temp agencies can offer depend on availability and processing capacity of human matchmakers.

Originality/value

According to the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to compare OLPs and temp agencies and, in doing so, offers academics and practitioners an analytical framework to compare different types of labor market intermediaries.
Consumer social responsibility (CnSR): antecedents and tool validation
Authors: Soni Mamta , Dawar Sunny , Soni Amit
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Global warming and drastic environment fluctuations have given rise to worldwide emergency, demanding to discover the most unexplored area in the field of social responsibility that is, consumer social responsibility (CnSR). This study aims to define the novel term “CnSR” and its antecedents to accomplish long-term sustainability. An in-depth analysis is executed to discover key antecedents, and proposed tool validation is implemented with the help of the big size of consumer population.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data are collated using consumer responses, and reliability statistics were analyzed implementing Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis is performed for required validation.

Findings

Probing existing research, CnSR was mostly correlated with consumers’ ethical and moral behavior. The present work proposes a unique tool which has successfully revealed a broader approach resulting in four vital antecedents: environmental orientation (EO), ethical and moral disposition (EMD), spiritual orientation (SO) and orientation toward shared consumption (OSC). Cronbach's alpha is adopted to determine internal consistency of the survey and has showed precision of 0.953 which affirms accuracy of the proposed tool.

Research limitations/implications

Splitting of EO using factor analysis into environmental oriented preference (EOP) and recyclable oriented preference (ROP) has indicated further required inputs for better understanding.

Practical implications

Sustainable issues were limited to corporates in the form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Present work demands consumer awareness about their consumption consequences and fix their responsibility to achieve long-term sustainability.

Originality/value

The present study is the first to identify the antecedents of CnSR and effectively demonstrates a tool for the same.
Dissection of FixK2 protein–DNA interaction unveils new insights into Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens lifestyles control
Authors: Cabrera Juan J. , Jiménez‐Leiva Andrea , Tomás‐Gallardo Laura , Parejo Sergio , Casado Sara , Torres María J. , Bedmar Eulogio J. , Delgado María J. , Mesa Socorro
Published: July 2021

The FixK2 protein plays a pivotal role in a complex regulatory network, which controls genes for microoxic, denitrifying, and symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing lifestyles in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. Among the microoxic‐responsive FixK2‐activated genes are the fixNOQP operon, indispensable for respiration in symbiosis, and the nnrR regulatory gene needed for the nitric‐oxide dependent induction of the norCBQD genes encoding the denitrifying nitric oxide reductase. FixK2 is a CRP/FNR‐type transcription factor, which recognizes a 14 bp‐palindrome (FixK2 box) at the regulated promoters through three residues (L195, E196, and R200) within a C‐terminal helix‐turn‐helix motif. Here, we mapped the determinants for discriminatory FixK2‐mediated regulation. While R200 was essential for DNA binding and activity of FixK2, L195 was involved in protein–DNA complex stability. Mutation at positions 1, 3, or 11 in the genuine FixK2 box at the fixNOQP promoter impaired transcription activation by FixK2, which was residual when a second mutation affecting the box palindromy was introduced. The substitution of nucleotide 11 within the NnrR box at the norCBQD promoter allowed FixK2‐mediated activation in response to microoxia. Thus, position 11 within the FixK2/NnrR boxes constitutes a key element that changes FixK2 targets specificity, and consequently, it might modulate B. diazoefficiens lifestyle as nitrogen fixer or as denitrifier.
Characterization and identification of SFDC‐1, a novel AmpC‐type β‐lactamase in Serratia fonticola
Authors: Dong Xu , Zhang Peiyao , Zhou Kexin , Liang Jialei , Li Qiaoling , Zhang Xueya , Zhou Danying , Lu Wei , Sun Zhewei , Liu Hongmao , Lu Junwan , Lin Xi , Li Kewei , Xu Teng , Zhang Hailin , Zhu Mei , Bao Qiyu
Published: July 2021

The clinical and environmental infections caused by AmpC β‐lactamases have been increasingly reported recently. In this study, we characterize the novel chromosome‐encoded AmpC β‐lactamase SFDC‐1 identified in Serratia fonticola strain R28, which was isolated from a rabbit raised on a farm in southern China. SFDC‐1 shared the highest amino acid identity of 79.6% with the functionally characterized AmpC β‐lactamase gene blaYRC‐1, although it had highly homologous functionally uncharacterized relatives in the same species from different sources, including some of the clinical significance. The cloned blaSFDC‐1 exhibited resistance to a broad spectrum of β‐lactam antibiotics, including most cephalosporins with the highest resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin and ceftazidime, with increased MIC levels ≥128‐fold compared with the control strains. The purified SFDC‐1 showed catalytic activities against β‐lactams with the highest catalytic activity to cefazolin. The genetic context of blaSFDC‐1 and its relatives was conserved in the chromosome, and no mobile genetic elements were found surrounding them.
Between dogma and doubt: A meta‐synthesis of innovation in the public sector
Authors: Al‐Noaimi Hessa A. , Durugbo Christopher M. , Al‐Jayyousi Odeh R.
Published: July 2021

Public sector innovation is a management paradigm that introduces novel actions and artefacts in confronting societal challenges. However, the enabling or inhibiting role of innovation remains a conundrum that necessitates on‐going analysis and critique for advancing public management discourse and scholarship. The purpose of this article is to analyse the drivers and barriers to innovation in the public sector based on a meta‐synthesis of management literature. In‐depth analysis of 21 qualitative studies reporting on innovation in the public sector identifies five themes for drivers and barriers. Insights from the synthesis pose research challenges for public sector organisations to look beyond praxis to crisis, discover co‐creative radius, recognise ambiguous capacities, and attain integrative intelligence. Using insights from identified concepts and themes, the article develops a line of argument on the contextualisation of innovation for public management and sheds light on areas for future research on public sector innovation.
Third graders' strategy use and accuracy on an expository text: an exploratory study using eye movements
Authors: Tremblay Kathryn A. , Binder Katherine S. , Ardoin Scott P. , Talwar Amani , Tighe Elizabeth L.
Published: July 2021

Background

Of the myriad of reading comprehension (RC) assessments used in schools, multiple‐choice (MC) questions continue to be one of the most prevalent formats used by educators and researchers. Outcomes from RC assessments dictate many critical factors encountered during a student's academic career, and it is crucial that we gain a deeper understanding of the nuances of these assessments and the types of skills needed for their successful completion. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine how different component skills (i.e., decoding, word recognition, reading fluency, RC and working memory) were related to students' response accuracy as they read a text and responded to MC questions.

Methods

We monitored the eye movements of 73 third graders as they read an expository text and answered MC questions. We investigated whether the component skills differentially predicted accuracy across different question types and difficulty levels.

Results

Results indicated that readers who answered MC questions correctly were able to identify when they needed to reread the text to find the answer and were better able to find the relevant area in the text compared with incorrect responders. Incorrect responders were less likely to reread the text to find the answer and generally had poorer precision when attempting to locate the answer in the text. Finally, the component skills relied upon by readers to answer RC questions were related to the type and difficulty of the questions.

Conclusions

Results of the present study suggest that comprehension difficulties can arise from a myriad of sources and that reading abilities together with test‐taking strategies impact RC test outcomes.
Sevilleja v Marex Financial Ltd: Reflective Loss and the Autonomy of Company Law
Authors: Hardman Jonathan
Published: July 2021

In Sevilleja v Marex Financial Ltd the Supreme Court considered the ambit of the prohibition on a shareholder recovering losses from third parties for the reduction in the value of their shares or loss of dividend income arising from a wrong suffered by the company. This prohibition on ‘reflective loss’ had been growing in scope in recent years, leading to a lack of clarity as to whether it is taxonomically situated in company law or in private law. The majority in this case situated the prohibition firmly within company law. This note argues that the majority judgment did not go far enough and explores the impact of this case on company law more broadly.
Effect of intestinal dialysis using polyethylene glycol on fluid balance and thirst in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A comparative study
Authors: Bhuwania Puneet , Veerappan Ilangovan , Sethuraman Ramaswami , Rajgopal Ananthasubramaniam
Published: July 2021

High inter‐dialytic weight gains (IDWG) and Hyperkalemia have been associated with adverse outcomes like poor quality of life and high mortality. Thirst remains an unsolved problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) based intestinal dialysis on IDWG, thirst and biochemical parameters. A prospective interventional evidenced based paired comparative single center study was conducted. Thirty‐five anuric patients on weekly thrice HD were studied for four consecutive dialysis weeks. Before the mid‐week dialysis day of week 3, Patients received 2 L PEG solution. The primary end points were change in mean relative IDWG and change in mean subjective thirst feeling as measured on visual analog scale (VAS) with secondary endpoints being change in small molecule clearance. There was significant reduction in IDWG after the therapy from 3 ± 0.81 L to 2.35 ± 0.72 (P = 0.002). The therapy also reduced the % IDWG BW from 5.1 ± 1.7% to 4.15 ± 1.6% (P = 0.017). No change in thirst was seen, that is, 6.16 ± 0.66, 6.14 ± 0.64, and 6.16 ± 0.65 (P = 0.986). A multivariate linear regression did not reveal any effect of age, gender, and co‐morbidities on the reduction of IDWG and thirst. The therapy achieved a significant urea, creatinine, and potassium reduction of 8.23%, 8.13%, and 8.33% respectively with an increase in sodium levels by 0.86%. This modality reduced the IDWG, was found to be a potent treatment modality for hyperkalemia but did not affect thirst sensation even after consumption of 2 L solution.
Transmission ability of Zika virus with artificially infected Aedes albopictus in Korea
Authors: Yang Sung‐Chan , Lee Hee il , Kim Hyunwoo , Lee Wook‐Gyo
Published: July 2021

Zika virus (ZIKV), a virus mainly occurring in South America, is now globally distributed. Understanding the pathogen transmission cycle in a vector is exceptionally important in developing disease control strategies. In this study, we performed ZIKV microinjection in Aedes albopictus (Skuese), to estimate its vertical and horizontal transmission ability. The virus infection rate was confirmed by real‐time qPCR in the F1 generation derived from the ZIKV‐injected Ae. albopictus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of the F1 generation was highest when they were injected with the virus at 6–12 h (MIR: 16.1) and lowest at 12–24 h (MIR: 4.7) after feeding. In the developmental stage of the F1 progeny, MIR values were 1.0, 1.3, and 6.7 in each egg, larval, and adult stage, respectively, but ZIKV was not detected in the pupa stage. Virus transmission ability was not significantly different between the collection areas (Tongyeong and Jeju). Ae. albopictus demonstrated a high venereal transmission rate of ZIKV and was detected in males (6 pool/7 pool) and females (6 pool/7 pool), confirming that ZIKV can be transmitted from infected mosquitoes to uninfected mosquitoes via mating. This is the first study of the administration of a ZIKV microinjection to Ae. albopictus in Korea and suggests a possibility of a potential mechanism for the virus to survive during adverse conditions via vertical transmission.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): Radiographic appearances, complications and imaging artefacts for radiologists
Authors: Douraghi‐Zadeh Dariush , Logaraj Anthony , Lazoura Olga , Downey Katherine , Gill Simon , Finney Simon J , Padley Simon
Published: July 2021

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of cardiopulmonary support primarily used in cardiothoracic and intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The purpose of this review is to familiarise radiologists with the imaging features of ECMO devices, their associated complications and appropriate imaging protocols for contrast‐enhanced CT imaging of ECMO patients. This paper will provide a brief introduction to ECMO and the imaging modalities utilised in ECMO patients, followed by a description of the types of ECMO available and cannula positioning. Indications and contraindications for ECMO will be outlined followed by a description of the complications associated with ECMO, which radiologists should recognise. Finally, the imaging protocol and interpretation of contrast‐enhanced CT imaging in ECMO patients will be discussed. In the current clinical climate with millions of COVID‐19 cases around the world and tens of thousands of critically ill patients, many requiring cardiopulmonary support in intensive care units, the use of ECMO in adults has increased, and thus so has the volume of imaging. Radiologists need to be familiar with the types of ECMO available, the correct positioning of the catheters depending on the type of ECMO being utilised, and the associated complications and imaging artefacts.
Chronological and Geochemical Study of the Cenozoic Potassic Felsic Igneous Rocks in Western Yunnan, SE Tibet: Implications for their Tectonic Mechanisms
Authors: TANG Wanli , CHEN Jianlin , TAN Rongyu
Published: July 2021

Whether there is a relationship between widespread Cenozoic igneous rocks and the activated Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone (ASRR) in western Yunnan, SE Tibet, remains highly controversial. New geochronological, and geochemical data derived from Cenozoic igneous rocks both within and far from the ASRR offers answers. Although these coeval felsic rocks (36.9–33.5 Ma) are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements, they also display some special geochemical features, such as high Y and Yb values of syenitic porphyries, which contrast with the high Sr and low Y contents of monzoporphyries and granitic porphyries. The syenitic porphyries exhibit geochemical characteristics similar to those of coeval mafic magmas, e.g., high K2O, Y, and Yb contents, indicating that the former were probably generated by fractional crystallization of the latter. However, the high Sr/Y (56.1–109) monzoporphyries and granitic porphyries, combined with their low MgO, and Cr (or Ni) contents, suggest that they were mainly derived from partial melting of a thickened mafic lower crust. Given that these Cenozoic magmatic events exhibiting planar distributions occurred outside of the activation of the ASRR (31–20 Ma), then they were not controlled by the latter. Instead, they were tied to convective removal of a thickened lower lithospheric mantle in western Yunnan during the Paleogene.
Formation of Foliations and their Related Minerals from Diagenetic to Medium‐grade Metamorphic Rocks: A Case Study of the Hongyanjing and Liao‐Ji Backarc Basins, China
Authors: TIAN Zhonghua , WEN Fei , LIU Fulai , ZHU Haozhong , YE Zhanghuang
Published: July 2021

Deciphering the relationship between polyphase tectonic foliations and their associated mineral assemblages is significant in understanding the process from diagenesis to low‐/medium‐/high‐grade metamorphism. It can provide information related to strain, metamorphic conditions and overprinting relationships and so help reveal the tectonic evolution of orogenesis. In this study, we predominately focus on the formation of foliations and their related minerals, as developed in two separate basins. First of all, two stages of axial plane cleavages (S1 and S2) were recognized in the Hongyanjing inter‐arc basin, the formation of the S1 axial plane cleavage is associated with mica rotation and elongation in mudstones in the local area. The pencil structure of S2 formed during the refolding phase, the minerals in the sedimentary rocks not changing their shape and orientation. Secondly, in the Liao‐Ji backarc basin, foliations include diagenetic foliation (bedding parallel foliation), tectonic S1 foliation (secondary foliation or axial plane cleavage of S0 folding) and crenulation cleavage (S2). The formation mechanism of foliation changes from mineral rotation or elongation and mineral solution transfer in S1 to crystal‐plastic deformation, dynamic recrystallization and micro‐folding in S2. Many index metamorphic minerals formed from low‐grade to medium‐grade consist of biotites, garnets, staurolite and kyanite, constituting a typical Barrovian metamorphic belt. Accordingly, a new classification of foliation is presented in this study. The foliations can be divided into continuous and disjunctive foliations, based on the existence of microlithons, detectable with the aid of a microscope. Disjunctive foliation can be further sub‐divided into spaced foliation and crenulation cleavage, according to whether (or not) crenulation (micro‐folding) is present. The size of the mineral grains is also significant for classification of the foliations.
Lithium concentration and recurrence risk during maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: Multicenter cohort and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Wei , Carvalho Andre F. , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Wang Liang‐Jen , Tseng Ping‐Tao , Lin Pao‐Yen , Tu Yu‐Kang , Vieta Eduard , Solmi Marco , Hung Chi‐Fa , Kao Hung‐Yu
Published: July 2021

Objective

To compare differences in efficacy during maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder (BD) according to lithium serum levels. A multicenter retrospective cohort study and a dose‐response meta‐analysis were conducted.

Methods

The cohort study was conducted in Taiwan from 2001 to 2019 to identify patients with euthymic BD according to different serum levels (<0.4, 0.4–0.8, and 0.8–1.2 mmol/L). We adopted adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for time to the recurrence of mood episodes having the <0.4 mmol/L group as the reference group. Moreover, we systematically searched for related articles in major databases before January 31, 2021 (PROSPERO: CRD42021235812). We used random‐effects modeling to estimate the dose‐response relationships between lithium serum levels and recurrence of mood episodes, which were depicted as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.

Results

A total of 1406 participants (cohort: 466; meta‐analysis: 940) were included. In the cohort study, the 0.4–0.8 mmol/L group was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrences (aHR: 0.75), while the 0.8–1.2 mmol/L group had a lower risk without statistical significance (aHR: 0.77). The dose‐response meta‐analysis showed that with the increase in lithium serum levels, the risk decreased (linear model OR: 0.85, for every 0.1 mmol/L increase; non‐linear model OR: 1.00 at 0.0 mmol/L, 0.42 at 0.4 mmol/L, and 0.27 at 0.8 mmol/L).

Conclusion

Although confounding by indication cannot be excluded, the combined results suggest a significant preventative effect on the recurrence of major affective episodes among those with serum levels of 0.4–0.8 mmol/L.
Long‐term alcohol drinking in High Drinking in the Dark mice is stable for many months and does not show alcohol deprivation effects
Authors: Crabbe John C. , Hack Wyatt R. , Ozburn Angela R. , Savarese Antonia M. , Metten Pamela
Published: July 2021

We have modelled genetic risk for binge‐like drinking by selectively breeding High Drinking in the Dark‐1 and ‐2 (HDID‐1 and HDID‐2) mice for their propensity to reach intoxicating blood alcohol levels (BALs) after binge‐like drinking in a single bottle, limited access paradigm. Interestingly, in standard two‐bottle choice (2BC) tests for continuously available alcohol versus water, HDID mice show modest levels of preference. This indicates some degree of independence of the genetic contributions to risk for binge‐like and sustained, continuous access drinking. We had few data where the drinking in the dark (DID) tests of binge‐like drinking had been repeatedly performed, so we serially offered multiple DID tests to see whether binge‐like drinking escalated. It did not. We also asked whether HDID mice would escalate their voluntary intake with prolonged exposure to alcohol 2BC. They did not. Lastly, we assessed whether an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) developed. ADE is a temporary elevation in drinking typically observed after a period of abstinence from sustained access to alcohol choice. With repetition, these periods of ADE sometimes have led to more sustained elevations in drinking. We therefore asked whether repeated ADE episodes would elevate choice drinking in HDID mice. They did not. After nearly 500 days of alcohol access, the intake of HDID mice remained stable. We conclude that a genetically‐enhanced high risk for binge‐like drinking is not sufficient to yield alterations in long‐term alcohol intake.
New means, new measures: assessing prescription drug‐seeking indicators over 10 years of the opioid epidemic
Authors: Perry Brea L. , Odabaş Meltem , Yang Kai‐Cheng , Lee Byungkyu , Kaminski Patrick , Aronson Brian , Ahn Yong‐Yeol , Oser Carrie B. , Freeman Patricia R. , Talbert Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2021

Background and aims

Prescription drug‐seeking (PDS) from multiple prescribers is a primary means of obtaining prescription opioids; however, PDS behavior has probably evolved in response to policy shifts, and there is little agreement about how to operationalize it. We systematically compared the performance of traditional and novel PDS indicators.

Design

Longitudinal study using a de‐identified commercial claims database.

Setting

United States, 2009–18.

Participants

A total of 318 million provider visits from 21.5 million opioid‐prescribed patients.

Measurements

We applied binary classification and generalized linear models to compare predictive accuracy and average marginal effect size predicting future opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose and high morphine milligram equivalents (MME). We compared traditional indicators of PDS to a network centrality measure, PageRank, that reflects the prominence of patients in a co‐prescribing network. Analyses used the same data and adjusted for patient demographics, region, SES, diagnoses and health services.

Findings

The predictive accuracy of a widely used traditional measure (N + unique doctors and N + unique pharmacies in 90 days) on OUD, overdose and MME decreased between 2009 and 2018, and performed no better than chance (50% accuracy) after 2015. Binarized PageRank measures however exhibited higher predictive accuracy than the traditional binary measures throughout 2009‐2018. Continuous indicators of PDS performed better than binary thresholds, with days of Rx performing best overall with 77–93% predictive accuracy. For example, days of Rx had the highest average marginal effects on overdose and OUD: a 1 standard deviation increase in days of Rx was associated with a 6–8% [confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.058–0.061 and 0.078–0.082] increase in the probability of overdose and a 4–5% (CIs = 0.038–0.043 and 0.047–0.053) increase in the probability of OUD. PageRank performed nearly as well or better than traditional indicators of PDS, with predictive performance increasing after 2016.

Conclusions

In the United States, network‐based measures appear to have increasing promise for identifying prescription opioid drug‐seeking behavior, while indicators based on quantity of providers or pharmacies appear to have decreasing utility.
From bad to worse: Poverty impacts of food availability responses to weather shocks
Authors: Koo Jawoo , Mamun Abdullah , Martin Will
Published: July 2021

Since Amartya Sen's famous work on Poverty and Famines, economists have understood that the impacts of food market shocks on the poor depend much more on their impacts on households’ incomes and access to food than on overall food availability, and that availability‐based policies frequently exacerbate adverse impacts on household welfare. Perhaps because household‐level impacts are not directly observable many policy makers have continued to rely on availability‐oriented policies such as export bans. In the Zambia case considered in this article, export bans imposed in response to an El Niño event appear to have greatly exacerbated the small increase in poverty resulting from the weather shock. The combination of household‐level data and crop models used in this article allows us to assess the impacts of weather and price shocks at the household level, and to evaluate the suitability of availability‐based policies for dealing with weather shocks. These analytical techniques can also help identify the households and regions adversely affected, and design policies to improve poor consumers’ access to food.
Oil palm and structural transformation of agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Chrisendo Daniel , Siregar Hermanto , Qaim Matin
Published: July 2021

Structural transformation of agriculture typically involves a gradual increase of mean farm sizes and a reallocation of labor from agriculture to other sectors. Such structural transformation is often fostered through innovations in agriculture and newly emerging opportunities in manufacturing and services. Here, we use panel data from farm households in Indonesia to test and support the hypothesis that the recent oil palm boom contributes to structural transformation. Oil palm is capital‐intensive but requires much less labor per hectare than traditional crops. Farmers who adopted oil palm increase their cropping area, meaning that some of the labor saved per hectare is used for expanding the farm. Average farm sizes increased in recent years. In addition, we observe a positive association between oil palm adoption and off‐farm income, suggesting that some of the labor saved per hectare is also reallocated to non‐agricultural activities. Oil palm adoption significantly increases the likelihood of households pursuing own non‐farm businesses. However, oil palm adoption does not increase the likelihood of being employed in manufacturing or services, which is probably due to the limited non‐farm labor demand in the local setting. Equitable and sustainable agricultural transformation requires new lucrative non‐agricultural employment opportunities in rural areas.
The association of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio with retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Zhengyang , Perry Luke A. , Penny‐Dimri Jahan C. , Raveendran Dev , Hu Monica L. , Arslan Janan , Britten‐Jones Alexis Ceecee , O’Hare Fleur , Ayton Lauren N. , Edwards Thomas L.
Published: July 2021

The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging haematological inflammatory biomarkers. However, their significance in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its subtypes, branch and central RVO (BRVO and CRVO, respectively), is uncertain. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the association of NLR and PLR with RVO. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and the Cochrane Library for studies investigating the association of NLR and PLR with RVO from inception to 2 December 2020. We used random‐effects inverse‐variance modelling to generate pooled effect measures. We used bivariate Bayesian modelling to meta‐analyse the ability of NLR and PLR to differ between individuals with and without RVO and performed meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses to explore inter‐study heterogeneity. Eight studies published encompassing 1059 patients were included for analysis. Both NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in RVO, with pooled mean differences of 0.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.95) and 21.49 (95% CI 10.03–32.95), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the Bayesian summary receiver operating characteristic curve were, respectively, 0.629 (95% credible interval (CrI) 0.284–0.872), 0.731 (95% CrI 0.373–0.934) and 0.688 (95% CrI 0.358–0.872) for NLR; and 0.645 (95% CrI 0.456–0.779), 0.616 (95% CrI 0.428–0.761) and 0.621 (95% CrI 0.452–0.741) for PLR. Mean and variability of age and diabetes mellitus prevalence partially explained between‐study heterogeneity. NLR and PLR are significantly elevated in RVO. Future research is needed to investigate the potential prognostic value and independence of these findings.
Thermal transformation of chalcedonite artefacts from the Magdalenian site of Ćmielów 95”Mały Gawroniec” (Poland)
Authors: Miśta‐Jakubowska Ewelina Agnieszka , Kruszewski Łukasz , Przeździecki Michał , Paczkowski Michał , Marynowski Leszek , Gójska Aneta Maria , Wilczopolska Magdalena , Diduszko Ryszard , Pyżewicz Katarzyna , Kosiński Tymoteusz , Trela Krystian , Szubski Michał
Published: July 2021

Two chalcedonite artefacts from the Magdalenian site of Ćmielów 95 (Poland), with macroscopic features suggestive of thermal treatment, were subjected to a multi‐instrumental analysis. The red upper layer of the objects consists of ”protohematite”, implying temperature‐driven, goethite‐to‐hematite transition. The red layer shows traces of carbonized matter with saccharides and levoglucosan (from burning wood) as well as fatty acids. PXRD data suggest a source of higher temperatures (up to ~800°C) within the bottom layer, with ~200–300°C range ascribed to the red layer. On the basis of the collected data the artefacts are proposed to be relics of cooking stones.
Mapping components of verbal and visuospatial working memory to mathematical topics in seven‐ to fifteen‐year‐olds
Authors: Gordon Rebecca , Santana De Morais Danila , Whitelock Emily , Mukarram Arzoo
Published: July 2021

Background

Developmental research provides considerable evidence of a strong relationship between verbal and visuospatial working memory (WM) and mathematics ability across age groups. However, little is known about how components of WM (i.e., short‐term storage, processing speed, the central executive) might relate to mathematics sub‐categories and how these change as children develop.

Aims

This study aimed to identify developmental changes in relationships between components of verbal and visuospatial WM and specific mathematics abilities.

Sample

Children (n = 117) were recruited from four UK schools across three age groups (7–8 years; 9–10 years; and 14–15 years).

Methods

Children’s verbal and visuospatial short‐term storage, processing speed, and central executive abilities were assessed. Age‐based changes in the contributions from these abilities to performance on mathematics sub‐categories were examined.

Results

When WM was examined both as an amalgamation of its component parts, and individually, relationships with mathematics were more evident in younger children compared to the middle and older age groups. However, when unique variance was examined for each WM predictor (controlling for the other components), many of those relationships disappeared. Relationships with processing speed and the central executive were found to be more evident in the older age groups.

Conclusions

The WM‐mathematics relationship changes dependent on age and mathematical sub‐component. Overlap in individual WM abilities in younger children, compared to reliance on the central executive and processing speed in older children, suggests a set of fluid resources important in mathematics learning in younger children but separating out as children grow older.
Influence of microhabitat on the distribution of tadpoles of three endemic Nyctibatrachus species (Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Priti Hebbar , Gururaja Kotambylu Vasudeva , Aravind Neelavar Anantharam , Ravikanth Gudasalamani
Published: July 2021

Amphibians show a high amount of species richness and endemism. Such diversity can be attributed to their microenvironment as amphibians display fine‐scale heterogeneity depending on the microhabitats they inhabit. Tadpoles are considered as good indicators for understanding microhabitat–species association as they reflect the breeding sites and signify species survival potential. In this study, we assessed the microhabitat factors influencing the distribution of tadpoles of three endemic frogs of the genus Nyctibatrachus namely N. jog, N. kempholeyensis, and N. kumbara from central Western Ghats, India. Forty‐three streams were sampled from three river basins, and stream characteristics were analyzed using generalized linear models. The results indicate that the tadpoles show specific microhabitat preferences and spatial niche partitioning. Among microhabitat variables, the slope significantly influenced the distribution of tadpoles of N. jog and N. kempholeyensis. The tadpoles of N. jog preferred steep slopes, while N. kempholeyensis tadpoles were found in gradual slopes with low water depth. For N. kumbara tadpoles, water temperature significantly influenced their distribution in the streams. Such spatial heterogeneity promotes the coexistence of these species supporting the niche theory. The study advances the understanding of how amphibian diversity from the Western Ghats is shaped at the microhabitat scale. The perennial streams that the Nyctibatrachus tadpoles inhabit are at risk due to anthropogenic activities. The findings of this study provide important baseline data that could be useful for the conservation of the endemic anurans in the Western Ghats, India.
Work and innovations: The impact of self‐identification on employee bootlegging behaviour
Authors: Nanyangwe Chilombo N. , Wang Hongyu , Cui Zhisong
Published: July 2021

It has long been established in the literature that innovation is imperative for the economic viability and sustainability of organizations, and it is undeniable that employees are a pre‐eminent source of innovation. Research has started to acknowledge employee bootlegging behaviour as an innovation potential. Acknowledging the importance of self‐motivation to this behaviour and given that identity has profound effect on individual motivation to engage and persist in certain behaviours, this study adopts an identity‐based perspective. Accordingly, based on self‐consistency theory, we propose employees with strong self‐identification with their work may feel as important and capable organizational members—organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE). This may result in them engaging in bootlegging behaviour to realize innovative outcomes appreciated by their organizations so as to keep feeling valuable and significant in the organization. To investigate these relationships, we utilize data of 328 various employees collected at two time periods. The results show that OBSE partially mediates the relationship between self‐identification and employee bootlegging behaviour. And perceived organization support for creativity (POSC) positively moderates the relationship between OBSE and bootlegging. Based on our findings, implications for managers and academics are discussed along with the direction for future research.
Good response to rituximab in chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids presenting as tumor‐like infratentorial lesion
Authors: Marangi Antonio , Zuliani Luigi , Vitale Valerio , Mansour Mariam , Federle Lisa , Novello Mariangela , d’Amore Emanuele Stefano Giovanni , Stenta Gianola , Perini Francesco
Published: July 2021

Background

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) represents a T cell‐mediated inflammatory disorder typically characterized by multiple punctate gadolinium enhancement mainly involving the pontine region. Atypical onset with tumefactive infratentorial lesions has been rarely described, representing a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Case presentation

We describe a 58‐year‐old man who presented in November 2017 with left‐sided hemihypesthesia followed by gait imbalance and diplopia. The first magnetic resonance imaging scans showed an enhancing infratentorial tumefactive lesion empirically treated with intravenous steroids. Extensive laboratory work‐up for the most common causes of tumor‐like lesions was negative, whereas cerebral biopsy disclosed an accumulation of macrophages, perivascular T lymphocytes and rare B cells. Six months later a control magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple punctate hyperintensities in T2‐weighted images peppering the pons and upper cervical spinal cord, which were considered highly suggestive of CLIPPERS. After 3 months of oral prednisone, treatment with rituximab was initiated in April 2019, under which the patient's conditions fully stabilized.

Conclusions

Tumor‐like onset was found to be an extremely rare variant of CLIPPERS, which expands the spectrum of possible magnetic resonance imaging manifestation, which can be observed during the course of this disease. The efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of CLIPPERS syndrome supports the role of B cells as important regulators of T‐cell activity.
Evaluation of internal and external hexagon connections in immediately loaded full‐arch rehabilitations: A within‐person randomized split‐mouth controlled trial with a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Pera Francesco , Menini Maria , Bagnasco Francesco , Mussano Federico , Ambrogio Giulia , Pesce Paolo
Published: July 2021

Background

Although full‐arch immediately loaded rehabilitations are widely used nowadays, little information is available on which implant/abutment connection is the most suitable in this type of treatment.

Purpose

The aim of the present multicentric split‐mouth clinical trial was to compare the clinical outcomes of two different implant‐abutment connections applied in full‐arch immediate loading rehabilitations: external hexagon connection (EHC) versus internal hexagon connection (IHC).

Materials and methods

Twenty patients were rehabilitated with immediately loaded fixed full‐arch rehabilitations. All the implants presented the same macro‐ and micro‐topography but different implant/abutment connection. IHC were used in one randomly selected side of the jaw and EHC in the other side.

Outcome measures were implant survival rate, peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BoP) evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 36‐month post‐loading. Any technical and biological complication was recorded. Kaplan–Meier procedure and linear mixed model were used to perform statistical analysis.

Results

Forty‐three EHC and 40 IHC implants were inserted. No patients dropped out and two implants failed in the first 6 months. The CSR was 97.7% for EHC and 97.5% for IHC implants. No statistically significant differences were found among the two groups for any of the parameters at any time point. At the 36‐month follow‐up visit a slight difference was found in MBL with a mean value of 1.7 mm in the EHC and of 1.9 mm in the IHC group (p = 0.355).

No biologic complications were identified. Seven loosed abutment screws were identified in the entire follow‐up period, two in the EHC, and five in the IHC group without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.394).

Conclusions

After 36 months in function, both internal and external hexagon connections provided good clinical outcomes and were not associated with any significant difference.