bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive Technology for the Elderly in the Hand-Eye Coordination Training
Authors: Chen Chih Chen , Chou Chih Hong , Ciou Shih Hsiang , Hsieh Wei Min , Hong De Jou , Wang Chi Hung , Hwang Yuh Shyan , Chen Shih Ching , Lai Chien Hung , Chen Yu Luen
Published: November 2014

Taiwan has come to an aging society, dementia of the elderly has become a major concern of the community. The symptom causes a significant reduction of the hand-eye coordination and memory abilities. The hand-eye coordination ability involves many nerve systems. The brain perceives things through the eyes and acquires various information through the touches by different parts of the body, and then makes synthetic analysis before giving an executive order. Therefore, using fun interactive games to activate the hand-eye coordination and memory ability can delay the onset of dementia. In this modern technology era, using information technology to improve the training facility and better the approaches has become a trend. In this study, software programs coded in C# and Flash are developed to work on the Bluetooth ball hardware to facilitate the rehabilitation. The basic principle is use the reaction from the Bluetooth ball’s swaying or swinging to drive the movement of the objects on the computer screen, making the supposedly boring rehabilitation much more fun and vivid in the interactive multimedia environment, thus gaining better treatment effect. Also, RFID, Internet and databases can be integrated into this facility to provide patient identification and data storage for references in making rehabilitation training programs.
Application of the Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process in the Risk Management of Tunnel Construction
Authors: Chen Xue Xian , Chen Rong Huai , Lin Kui , Zhang Ming Wei
Published: November 2014

As the tunnel project has the characteristics of concealment, complexity, uncertainty and the larger investment risk, whose insidious danger is outstanding especially in the construction process. It is important for the safety of the construction process to determine the potential risk and minimize the risk using reasonable methods. Based on the experts investigation, 3-hierarchy and eighteen factors’ evaluation index system of risk assessment is established through the improved analytic hierarchy process. The results show that this method is reasonable and can greatly reduce graded difficulties.
Research and Application of Coal Mine Enterprise Risk Information Database
Authors: Chen Quan , Jia Li Meng
Published: November 2014

Enterprise safety management is centralized through scientific means, enhancing efficiency of safety management, which is an inevitable trend of safe production. Taking GT coal mine as an example, we propose identifying possible risk factors during the production process by systematic risk identification and establishing the risk information database. We should use risk information database to build a safety risk information system and produce a variety of risk management and control tools according to the actual needs of the company. We can realize dynamic management, standardize enterprise risk management and reduce accidents through continuous improving and upgrading the risk information database, which can finally achieve the healthy development of coal industry.
A Simulation Based Study on Gate Oxide Breakdown Characteristics for NMOS
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhou Yu Wei , Wang Hong , Luo Xiang Dong , Guo Jia Yuan
Published: November 2014

The relationship between the location of gate oxide breakdown in n-MOSFETs and its electrical characteristics has been studied by using TCAD software. The comparison of device terminal current with gate oxide breakdown at different locations suggests that the variation of the source and the drain currents can be directly correlated to the breakdown location in the ultra thin gate oxide. The results provide a fundamental understanding to the experimental results observed in our devices.
Argon Blowing Technology Using in the LF Refining
Authors: Zhou Xiao Lei , Shi Zhe , Zhang Gui Fang
Published: November 2014

The process of LF Refining is introduced in this paper. Because the LF ladle furnace has the advantages are widely used and developed in many companies. The argon is blown into the ladle, so the purpose of refining is achieved. The argon stirring can accelerate the chemical reaction between slag and steel. In the circulation process, large inclusion and deoxidation product in the lower region transfer into the slag. The material transfer between steel and slag can be accelerated. At the same time, argon stirring can make molten steel composition and temperature uniformity. Thus, the ladle of blowing argon can be roughly divided into three important flow region has been introduced. Two-phase region, the top horizontal flow zone and recirculation zone exists in the ladle.
Studying on the Tension Distribution of High Strength Bolted Endplate Connections
Authors: Li Jun , Li Cheng Yu
Published: November 2014

The tension distribution of high-strength bolted extended endplate connections does not have unified regulations in china, the assuming tension distribution between the "Code for Design of Steel Structure"(GB50017-2003) and the "Specification of High Strength Bolt Connection of Steel Structures"(JGJ82-2011) are different, it may lead some problems in practical engineering. "Specification of High Strength Bolt Connection of Steel Structures"(JGJ82-2011) has given the assumed tension distribution ,but has not given formula .But its distribution assumption is the same as the British Standard ,so the calculation is given below reference to British Standard. Comparing their calculation methods and referencing to the British Standard ,the latter distribution is more reasonable.
Application of Image Preprocessing on PIV Experimental Study of Wake Vortex Interactive Instability
Authors: Fu Xiang Xiang , Liu Jin Sheng , Wang Jun Wei , Bao Feng
Published: November 2014

A basic experiment study with a simplified wing model was carried out to introduce a opposite wake vortex by different sizes of spoilers. A PIV measurement was employed to obtain a two dimension wing wake vortex velocity field data of different spoilers in a water towing tank and confirm the existence of Reyleigh-Ludwieg instability in aircraft wake vortex. The image preprocessing is useful in PIV post-processing by comparing the three kinds of image preprocessing results with normal PIV image processing results.
Analysis and Optimization of Ride Comfort for Semi-Active Suspension Based on Variable Damping
Authors: Zhang Shao Bo , Li Mei , Liu Yan Xia
Published: November 2014

Based on NEWTON and dynamical analysis the half car model is built, in which air spring is a nonlinear system on the basis of force model and the shock absorber has soft and hard states. By the simulation of the model and combination with experiments, the model is proved right and the influencing factor of angle-displacement and acceleration of body can be gained. Then with the application of genetic algorithm in Matlab tools, appropriate control parameters is being set, the above-mentioned model can be optimized, results of optimizations will be compared with three ride comfort evaluation indexes before optimizations. By judging the corresponded extents of curve before and after optimizations, it shows that the parameters after optimizations can improve the ride comfort.
Study on Design and Fabrication of Micro-Pyrotechnical Actuator
Authors: Xie Rui Zhen , Liu Lan , Ren Xiao Ming , Xue Yan , Sun Lin , Ping Chuan
Published: November 2014

Combustion of energetic materials is an attractive means of obtaining a large quantity of energy from a small volume. And these materials can be integrated into functional micro-systems in a manner compatible with micro-system technologies, then micro-pyrotechnics could help to make considerable progress in the field of micro-actuation . In this paper,a micro-pyrotechnical actuator was designed and fabricated. Detailed design and fabrication process of each part of actuator were presented, and the integration is described. Its operation was validated by experimentation. The firing performance is excellent for low-energy ignition requirement.
Penetration Resistance Research of Fiber Reinforced RPC
Authors: Xu Can
Published: November 2014

In the original to remove steel and steel fiber reinforced concrete coarse aggregate in quartz powder and a small amount of activator, can boost steel fiber content, and its application in construction makes it more convenient, but how the penetration resistance works is not particularly clear. Through the penetration resistance experiment, found that when joined the SF and BF, RPC can still keep complete even after three times by penetration ,indicating the good performance of penetration resistance.
Modal Analysis Calculation and Simulation of Ramming Chain
Authors: Yan Peng Cheng , Hao Chi Yu , Sun Hua Gang , Liu Chao
Published: November 2014

In order to solve a problem that the running of ramming chain is unstable and master each order natural frequency and deformation characteristics of the chain, the method of theoretical calculation and finite element analysis with software ANSYS is used on the natural frequency of the calculation and analysis. By comparing the data obtained from two methods to verify the correctness of the finite element model, the model is used to analyze natural frequencies and corresponding vibration mode of the ramming chain. The results show that under the low order natural frequency, the main deformation of the ramming chain is the lateral bending, longitudinal bending and torsion deformation, so the results provide the basis to master the deformation of the chain.
Discussions on the Electrical Construction Points in Indoor Decoration
Authors: Zhang Yong Yi
Published: November 2014

In order to meet the people’s higher requirements on the living environment, electrical engineering in indoor decoration mainly adopts the hidden construction. This paper analyses from the selection of electrical materials, construction points and quality controlling and proposes the operating procedures and methods of some common problems in electrical construction in indoor decoration, so as to reduce the potential safety issues in indoor environment caused by electrical construction.
Reliability Evaluation of Laser Initiation System
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Feng Yi , He Ai Feng , Chen Jian Hua , Jing Bo , Cao Chun Qiang
Published: November 2014

Laser Initiation System is a type of high value initiating explosive device. The reliability of LIS can't be verified through mass of system firing tests. With the problem in hand, this paper combined with reliability characteristics of both F/S work type devices and repeatedly work type devices in LIS, presented an method of reliability evaluation for LIS. The practical verification shows that the evaluation method is effective and feasible, and it also can be a reference for the research on reliability evaluation of other high value initiation systems in the future.
The Management of High-Rise Building Construction Safety Risks
Authors: Su Zhan Gang
Published: November 2014

With the continuous development of economic level and the construction technology and progress, safety accident frequency is becoming more and higher, but now does not specifically for high-rise housing construction project the life cycle of the comprehensive security risk management research. From the high-rise building construction engineering safety construction and the basic theory and method of risk management, for high-rise building construction in the process of project construction safety risk identification, analysis and evaluation, explores the solution to the corresponding security risk effective management countermeasures.
Research of Silver-Plated Filament Embedded Woven Fabric’s Wearing Properties
Authors: Xie Yong , Zhu Qian Bin , Ye Xiao Lu , Zhang Jia Nan , Zou Feng Yuan
Published: November 2014

In this paper, silver plating filament woven fabrics as the main research object. To design the content of silver yarn and fabric structure, and try to weave 18 set of samples With the different organizations and different silver filament content. To find out the preliminary conclusions, we will make the test and analysis about fabric air permeability, moisture permeability and hygroscopicity of the performance and fabric style. Finally got the conclusion: the change of silver fibers content in fabrics had a little effects on fabric properties because of it’s softness.
Railway Traction Power Supply System of Modeling and Simulation Optimization Research
Authors: Li Xue Wu , Ji Peng Xiao
Published: November 2014

Revamping of electrified railway traction power supply is to improve the railway transport capacity and important measures to promote the development of national economy. As a result of the traction power supply voltage was higher, the simulation technology was applied to modification of the traction power supply system. For the development of research workers to reduce risk and funding has become an international practice. Traction power supply system and the modeling and simulation of the traction power supply capacity technology are discussed in detail. It points out the simulation technology in the development direction of expansion engineering in the application of traction power supply.
Design of Assembled Post-Tensioned Prestressed Reactive Powder Concrete Wind Turbine Tower
Authors: Ma Xin Wei , Zeng Sen , Dong Chong Hai , Yu Zhi , Huang Guan Qi
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes a new type of assembled post-tensioned prestressed reactive powder concrete (RPC) turbine tower structure. It includes the structure design of 200kW wind turbine tower according to the specifications, calculation of loading combinations and internal force, checking calculation of bearing capacity, prestressed concrete design and calculation of reinforcement. Local stress applied on the structure is analyzed by the finite element software of ANSYS, and the calculation results show that the bearing capacity calculation of RPC tower satisfies the requirements, and it is economical comparing with the traditional steel structures.
An Optimization Model for Condition-Based Maintenance Decision Considering Total Risk of Grid Operation
Authors: Ren Hui , Cui Ran Ran , Tang Yan
Published: November 2014

In the background of condition-based maintenance (CBM), the equipment maintenance levels in a certain state have different choices, which has different impacts on the improvement of the equipment state and maintenance costs, which in turn affects the time schedule of equipment maintenance. Therefore, in this paper the equipment maintenance time and maintenance level are viewed as decision variables to make maintenance schedules. This paper presents a risk-based optimization model for system maintenance scheduling problem, considering the state of equipment, correlations of the equipment and the operation of grid. An optimization model minimizing total risk of grid operation by balancing system maintenance risk and failure risk is established, so that both optimal maintenance level and optimal maintenance time could be determined simultaneously. An example is taken to verify the validity of the model.
Study on Friction Property of the Ni/ZrO2 Composite Infiltrated Layer on Cast Steel Surface under Dry Fraction
Authors: Sun Xian Ming , Yang Gui Rong , Wei Lei , Liu Yu Lan
Published: November 2014

The surface composite layer Ni/ZrO2 on the ZG45 cast steel surface was fabricated through vacuum infiltration casting method. This paper researched on the Ni/ZrO2 composite infiltrated layer morphology, hardness and the friction property under fry friction. The results show that the main phase structure of the layer is ZrO2, Cr2B, NiB and FeNi. The macrohardness of the layer is HRC60~64. The micohardness presents gradient change. The maximum hardness appears at subsuface. The 10% ZrO2 composite infiltrated layer wear resistance increases 10 times and 15% ZrO2 composite infiltrated layer increases 22.6 times than ZG45 under the 100N load. The 10% ZrO2 composite infiltrated layer wear resistance increases 8.5 times and 15% ZrO2 composite infiltrated layer increases 21.9 times under 250N load. The wear resistance has greatly improved.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Zirconia Multilayered Constructs
Authors: Lützke Friedrich , Maier Markus , Urbanska Aleksandra , Zehbe Rolf , Fleck Claudia , Müller Wolf Dieter , Mochales Carolina
Published: November 2014

Zirconia-based ceramics have gained considerable interest for several applications (e.g. solid electrolytes in fuel cells and in oxygen sensors, thermal barrier coatings and biomaterials for dental and orthopaedic applications) due to their high mechanical strength, improved fracture toughness and easy affordability. We constructed both a manual and an automated electrophoretic deposition set-ups, which allowed us to obtain multilayers of alternating tetragonal and cubic phases by layering nanometric sized powders of yttria doped zirconia (Y-TZP) with different mol percentages of yttria (3 % and 8 %). The rationale behind the design of these multilayer constructs was to optimize the properties of the final ceramic by combining the high mechanical toughness of the tetragonal phase of zirconia together with the high ionic conductivity of its cubic phase. These multilayered constructs were proved to have good mechanical integrity and a clearly defined interface between the cubic zirconia grains layer and the tetragonal zirconia grains layer.
Microstuctural and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia-Silica-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Arabaci Aliye , Yüksel Nazlican , Demirkol Nermin
Published: November 2014

Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate ceramic that is used as a biomaterial. It has been studied extensively as a candidate biomaterial for prosthetic applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) does not have the mechanical strength to enable it to succeed in long term load bearing applications. Therefore, Its mechanical properties may be improved with addition of zirconia powders. The aim of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite by producing composite material including zirconia and silica powders. Therefore, hydroxyapatite was mixed with 5 wt% zirconia, 5 wt% silica powders and then this pressed mixture were sintered at different temperatures (1100-1300°C). The sintering behavior, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties were investigated.
Characterization and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite-ZrO2 Composites with Commercial Inert Glass (CIG) Addition
Authors: Bulut B. , Demirkol N. , Erkmen Ziya Engin , Kayali E.S.
Published: November 2014

Hydroxyapatite is a kind of calcium phosphate that has generated great interest as an advanced orthopedic and dental implant candidate. Although HA has excellent biocompatibility, it’s poor mechanical properties limit its use as an implant material. Therefore HA is preferred as a main component in composite materials. The aim of this study is to determine the characterization and bioactivity of HA-ZrO2composites with the addition of 5 and 10 wt% commercial inert glass (CIG). The highest density and Vickers microhardness were obtained in HA-ZrO2-5 wt% CIG composite sintered at 1300 °C. The highest compression strength was measured in HA-ZrO2-5 wt% CIG composite sintered at 1200 °C. Thein vitrobioactivity tests were performed on the composites having the highest physical and mechanical properties. The apatite formation was observed on all samples subjected to bioactivity tests. As a result, the optimum mechanical properties and bioactivity were obtained on HA-ZrO2- 5 wt% CIG composite sintered at 1200 °C.
Interface Function Design and Bone-Regenerative Engineering of Biomimetic Biomaterials by Supersonic Treatment Using Electrolyzed Water
Authors: Akazawa Toshiyuki , Murata Masaru , Minamida Y. , Kabir Md. Arafat , Ito M. , Katayama Akihiko , Nakajima T.
Published: November 2014

As interface design of autotransportation materials and bioactive ceramics by supersonic treatment, human teeth-originated granules and commercial hydroxyapatite (HAp) were partially dissolved in different acid solutions, such as electrolyzed water and HNO3aqueous solution to control bio-absorption, adsorption-release of bone growth factor and anti-bacterial characteristics. Human teeth were pulverized with cooling, dissolved in strongly acidic electrolyzed water (pH 2.6-3.1) or 2.0% HNO3solution to obtain demineralized dentin matrix granules. For supersonic or stirring demineralization in the acidic electrolyzed water, dissolution efficiencies (DE) were 3-12% and dentinal tubules with 1-2μm were found, while for supersonic demineralization in the HNO3solution, DE was attained to the highest value of 86%. When HAp was dissolved with stirring in the acidic electrolyzed water, DE of porous ceramics was lower than that of spherical particles due to smaller specific surface area and good crystallinity. For supersonic dissolution of porous ceramics in the acidic electrolyzed water, DE was 30% and extension of grain boundary and micro-crack were observed. Concerning supersonic irradiation of the electolyzed water to parietal bone in rats by using ultrasonic scaler, enlargement and propagation of micro-crack were recognized on the hard tissues.
Formation of Calcium-Phosphate Coatings on Ti6Al4V Substrates by an Autocatalytic Deposition Route
Authors: Aguilar-Reyes E.A. , León-Patiño C.A. , Jacinto-Díaz B.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this research is to develop a methodology to obtain bioactive coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates pretreated with NaOH 5M for 24 h, by an autocatalytic route using an acid bath. The autocatalytic bath was developed in order to produce bioactive coatings with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.2 by dissolving the appropriate amounts of CaCl2and NaH2PO2as precursors and C4H4Na2O4·6H2O as a reducing agent in distilled water, at pH values of 5.5 and 6.0, temperatures of 80 and 90°C, and two immersion times of 60 and 180 min. It was observed that the thickness and morphology of the coating changed according to the processing conditions.
Automatic Casting of Advanced Technical Ceramic Parts via Open Source High Resolution 3D Printing Machines
Authors: Minguella J. , Villegas M. , Poll B. , Tena G. , Calero J.A. , Ginebra M.P. , Korkusuz Feza
Published: November 2014

The development of open source 3D printers and the continuously growing utilization of ceramic compounds in the field of medicine among others, meet in the possibility to adapt these machines in a way to permit better controlling, high resolution, automatic, printing of scaffolds, spacers and other 3D parts not possible without this kind of machines and technology. Due to the large number of applications inside the field of medicine it is required a high capacity to create structures that can reach the needs in each case. Furthermore, the possibility to modify easily and quickly these structures as the tests are being done is also very interesting for investigation. These machines allow, thanks to its open source nature, these features and more as they are not closed to changes in order to meet the needs of its users. Therefore, the focus of the present work has been to materialize and improve a head extruder for Advanced Technical Ceramics Compounds. The tests undertaken and the results outcome demonstrate the feasibility of the technology for being applied in such mentioned cases as well as the improvement on the solutions (initial and improvements) for producing automatic casting.
Effect of Variation of Dispersant and Fluid in the Rapid Prototyping of Alumina
Authors: Muniz Nathália Oderich , Vechietti Fernanda Albrecht , Santos Luis Alberto
Published: November 2014

The use of rapid prototyping technologies in the manufacturing ceramic materials has been developed in recent years due to its many advantages. Studies combining rapid prototyping using biomaterials as raw material increased significantly in recent years. The inkjet printing involves using ceramic powder with binder and a fluid released onto the sample through a printhead. The effect of dispersant in conventional manufacturing of alumina-based materials was widely known. However, there are few studies dealing on this issue for rapid prototyping. This work aims to obtain pieces of alumina via a 3D printer, inkjet model, varying concentrations of dispersant and fluid in order to compare its influence. The specimens were evaluated for their apparent porosity, density and dimensions. It was concluded that 1.0% of dispersant combined with a larger amount of solvent resulted in parts with suitable dimensions and higher mechanical strength.
pH Effect on the Dissolution Behavior of the Microspheres Containing Strontium Ranelate
Authors: Duarte Moreira Ana Paula , Sader Marcia S. , de Almeida Soares Gloria Dulce , Rocha Leão Maria Helena Miguez
Published: November 2014

Strontium is known for efficient actions on bone formation and resorption. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a commercial drug which maintains this balance during bone turnover, reducing the risks of vertebral fractures in the patients. Calcium phosphate bioceramics associated with alginate matrices containing strontium (Sr) could improve bone regeneration due to gradual Sr release. In this report, the strontium ranelate was incorporated on microspheres of alginate (ALG)/β-tricalcium phosphate in a single route of the production. Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that strontium was incorporated on the surface of the microspheres produced. Thedissolution behaviour into a buffer solution at pH 4.0 and at 7.4 was evaluated, measuring Sr content on the microspheres after in vitro assays by atomic absorption spectrometry. Dissolution tests showed a rapid strontium release in both assays, however, it was more pronounced at pH 4.0. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the presence of a new precipitated phase at pH 7.4 up after 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy of the microspheres submitted to in vitro revealed that the microspheres at pH 4.0 buffer underwent erosion up to 7 days, while the ones in pH 7.4 buffer, eroded in 48h. This behaviour is due to the high swelling rate of the microspheres in neutral pH. The solubility of the microspheres favors its use as a great material for a local strontium release and remodeling bone.
Evaluation of the Effects of Ag Ion Concentration on Osteoblast Activity
Authors: Cho S.B. , Yoon G.J. , An E.M. , Kim Y.J. , Kim T.N. , Jang H.D. , Choi J.Y. , Noh I.
Published: November 2014

We reported the apatite-forming ability of 30CaO∙70SiO2 scaffolds with 0~100 ppm Ag ions by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). This study was to evaluate the effects of the concentrations of Ag ions in the 30CaO∙70SiO2 gels on in-vitro biocompatibility of osteoblasts (MC3T3). After seeding cells on the surface of Ag-30CaO∙70SiO2 gels scaffold, cellular behaviors were evaluated by an assay of cell counting kit-8. Cytotoxicity of the scaffold samples was evaluated by employing the extract solutions of the scaffold samples by the assays of neutral red, MTT and BrdU. In addition, live & dead assay was performed by using a gel covering method, which the scaffolds have been directly contacted with the incubated cells on the well plate. According to the results of CCK-8 assay, the optical density value of the absorbance of the resulting solution decreased as the concentration of Ag ions in the scaffolds increased. Moreover, their cell viability was measured to be less than 50% at the Ag concentrations of 50 ppm or more, and dead cells were observed in the experiment results of both the cytotoxicity and gel covering tests. From these experimental results, we concluded that the Ag-30CaO∙70SiO2 scaffolds with less than 50 ppm Ag ion concentration were considered as biocompatible.
Development of Bioresorbable Calcium-Phosphate Cements Hybridized with Gelatin Particles and their In Vivo Evaluation Using Pig’s Tibia Model
Authors: Kiminami Keishi , Matsuoka Kento , Nagata Kohei , Konishi Toshiisa , Honda Michiyo , Hayashida Gota , Nakano Kazuaki , Nagaya Masaki , Arimura Hidetoshi , Nagashima Hiroshi , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: November 2014

Novel bioresorbable calcium-phosphate cement (CPC) with anti-washout property was developed by adding thermally cross-linked gelatin particles as pore generator into a CPC. The CPC was composed of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and surface-modified hydroxyapatite (HAp) with inositol phosphate as a chelating agent (IP6-HAp). The bioresorbable CPC hybridized with gelatin particles was successfully fabricated by mixing the aqueous sodium chondroitin sulfate solution including Na2HPO4 and the pre-mixed powders composed of α-TCP (72 mass%), IP6-HAp (18 mass%), and the gelatin particles (10 mass%). The hybridized CPC paste showed initial setting time (IST) of 5 minutes and exhibited anti-washout property. Compressive strength after setting for 24 h reached to 4.2 MPa. An in vivo preliminary study using pig’s tibia model demonstrated that the hybridized CPC could be easily injected and set promptly without washout. In addition, no fragmentation in the specimens was observed after 8 weeks implantation. Moreover, a histological observation (Villanueva bone stain) revealed that almost 80% of the hybridized CPC specimens were resorbed and that immature bones were formed inside the specimens.
Calcium Phosphate-Loaded Strips, Plugs and Putties: Physico-Chemical Properties for Osteopromotion and Ease of Surgery
Authors: Miramond T. , Galtier T. , Daculsi G. , Borget Pascal
Published: November 2014

The present study focuses on the physico-chemical and structural properties of composite scaffolds composed of biopolymer matrices (collagen or polysaccharide) loaded with calcium phosphate granules. A systematic three-dimensional analysis method was used to quantitatively characterize a series of plugs, strips and putties in terms of percentage of inorganic filler particles, size of the loaded granules, and spatial homogeneity of the calcium phosphate granules distribution. It appears clearly that each biomaterial currently available on the market offers specific properties. As a consequence, surgeons have to choose the medical device that best suits their needs depending on the clinical constraints but also should be aware of the mineral properties which remains key to bone reconstruction.
Research Works on the Influence of Substituting the Refrigerant R22 with Propane (R290) on the Condition of the State of Sliding Surfaces Occurring in Piston Compressors
Authors: Tyczewski Przemysław , Zwierzycki Wiesław
Published: November 2014

Motion elements of refrigerating compressors, depending on the applied oils and refrigerants, can be exposed to various wear processes. The presence of refrigerant makes lubricating and anti-wear properties of the mixture of oil and refrigerant much worse than in the case of oil with no refrigerant. Regulations concerning the application of substances weakening the ozone layer, valid at present, demand the withdrawal of operating synthetic agents refrigerating installations type HCFC – among others the popular R22. This paper presents the influence of different mixtures of oils and refrigerants on the moment of friction and the surface condition of cast iron and aluminium PA6. The tests were carried out on a friction machine with the use of a node type block-on-ring, which is located inside a pressure chamber that simulates the refrigeration compressor inside. The results of the performed tests confirm the possibility of using green refrigerant R290 (propane) as a substitute for R22, while keeping the existing mineral oil in the refrigerating installation.
Robot Actions Planning Algorithms in Multi-Agent System
Authors: Ledziński Damian , Marciniak Tomasz , Maszewski Mirosław , Boroński Dariusz
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the basic information about multi-agent systems is given. The authors propose robot control algorithms for managing virtual autonomous warehouses, where the task performed by the robots is transportation between specific locations in the warehouse and a number of distribution points. Algorithms control the work of a single robot, including the cooperation with other robots in the environment as well as collisions avoidance. Different routing algorithms are evaluated through simulations focusing on service time and waiting time of executing tasks. The impact of the proposed algorithms on energy consumption was also checked, since this is important for the working time between battery charges.
Application of Optical Inspection Method for Testing the Correctness of Ball Bearings Assembly
Authors: Garbacz Piotr , Czajka Piotr
Published: November 2014

The article presents the optical inspection method for the correct assembly of bearings with rolling elements in the form of balls. During the assembly process, faults can occur of incomplete fill of the rolling elements in a bearing cage or a lack of rivets for fixing both parts of the cage. These are critical defects, disqualifying the bearing from the operation. In order to detect these faults, the method of backlighting was used in the form of a modular LED panel illuminator located under the inspected bearing. The chosen method of lighting provides a high contrast and good sharpness with a simultaneous low sensitivity to contamination that may arise in the field of view of the camera. In order to verify the developed method, an experimental automated research stand was made. For vision inspection, a modular vision controller with a monochromatic CCD camera was used. Due to the range of bearings subjected to vision inspection, the algorithm of the program allows automatic detection of the bearing type based on its characteristics. The operation of the vision system was presented for each of the individual stages of the inspection process. The functions used in the field of computer-based image processing and analysis were described. Examples of bearing inspections, with use of the developed method, were presented.
Application of an Integrated Database System for Processing Difficult Materials
Authors: Gawlik Józef , Kiełbus Anna , Karpisz Dariusz
Published: November 2014

The formation of precise products out of difficult to machine materials requires the usage of unconventional techniques and manufacturing technologies; and, above all, it requires adequate knowledge. The worldwide-accepted guidelines in this area are the national and international standards, and corporate experience known as expertise. The aim of this paper is to present the solution to the problem of collecting and sharing data on a variety of materials, within the extended application DBSMP (Database Special Materials Processing). While undertaking the works on the application to support the descriptions of the machining of special materials, it soon became apparent that the fundamental urgency, next to the machining process, is to provide function to the most detailed descriptions of the materials. A draft of the application was prepared with a number of assumptions for the database of standard descriptions and material descriptions, which is presented in this article with an example of high-speed steel.
Dimensional Structure of Non-Metallic Inclusions in High-Grade Medium Carbon Steel Melted in an Electric Furnace and Subjected to Desulfurization
Authors: Lipiński Tomasz , Wach Anna
Published: November 2014

Non-metallic inclusions may be introduced to liquid steel from the outside, usually with charge material, or they may be produced in the metallurgical process. According to literature, if evenly distributed, non-metallic inclusions may affect the functional properties of steel, mainly its fatigue strength. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and dimensional structure of non-metallic inclusions in high-grade medium carbon steel melted in an electric furnace and subjected to desulfurization. The experimental material consisted of semi-finished products of high-grade, medium-carbon constructional steel containing manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and boron. The levels of phosphorus and sulphur impurities did not exceed 0.02%. Billet samples were collected to determine the chemical composition, microstructure, the relative volume of non-metallic inclusions, and the size of impurities. The results were processed and presented in graphic form.
The Research on the Ablation Casting Technology for Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Dudek Piotr , Fajkiel Aleksander , Reguła Tomasz
Published: November 2014

The article presents preliminary results of the research on the ablation casting technology. The guidelines for the designing of an equipment to carry out the process were described. Based on the above-mentioned instructions a test stand was developed and built. Many tests were performed concerning the influence of the water jet directed at a sand mould on its removal tendency. The effect of the cooling rate of a tested cast parts on its microstructure was studied based on metallographic and radiographic examinations.
IgH Chain Class Switch Recombination: Mechanism and Regulation
Authors: Stavnezer Janet , Schrader Carol E.
Published: November 2014

IgH class switching occurs rapidly after activation of mature naive B cells, resulting in a switch from expression of IgM and IgD to expression of IgG, IgE, or IgA; this switch improves the ability of Abs to remove the pathogen that induces the humoral immune response. Class switching occurs by a deletional recombination between two switch regions, each of which is associated with a H chain constant region gene. Class switch recombination (CSR) is instigated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which converts cytosines in switch regions to uracils. The uracils are subsequently removed by two DNA-repair pathways, resulting in mutations, single-strand DNA breaks, and the double-strand breaks required for CSR. We discuss several aspects of CSR, including how CSR is induced, CSR in B cell progenitors, the roles of transcription and chromosomal looping in CSR, and the roles of certain DNA-repair enzymes in CSR.
Violence and Human Prayer to God in Q 11
Authors: Bazzana Giovanni B.
Published: November 2014

The present article examines the use of κρούω in Q 11:9 against the backdrop of documentary papyri and Greek literary texts that employ the verb to evoke a stock scene of aggression and threat at the door of a house. In the unit 11:2–4, 9–13 the Sayings Gospel employs the same language and gestures in a similar rhetorical situation to advance a complex and ambiguous representation of human agency in prayer, which is not conceived as a mere passive expectancy of God’s intervention. This representation fits the socio-cultural profile of village scribes as the authors of Q, given their familiarity with administrative terminology and their acquaintance with widespread and simple rhetorical tropes. Moreover, such an ambiguous stance towards human agency is mirrored in Q’s similarly complex understanding of human participation in the establishment of God’s βασιλεία. Finally, comparable thematic and linguistic features have been detected in the ‘parable of the friend at midnight’ (Lk 11:5–8), strengthening the hypothesis that the parable might have been part of the Sayings Gospel.
The Letter of Jude and Graeco-Roman Invective
Authors: Batten Alicia J.
Published: November 2014

Many have attempted to identify the opponents in Jude and have addressed the manner in which the author characterises this group. Moreover, scholars have expended considerable energy on the analysis and explication of Jude’s rhetorical structure and style, and there is wide consensus that as a text, Jude is a sophisticated letter. However, less work has attended to the evaluation of Jude within the tradition of Graeco-Roman invective. In comparing verses from Jude to some examples from such literature, we find similar themes. In particular, the letter of Jude and some Graeco-Roman moralists engage in a particular tactic to undermine, even destroy, the character of their opponents. They both present them as effeminates, which, although a stereotype, is one of the worst insults a writer or orator could wage against an adversary. This article argues that Jude engages in such character assassination, invoking effeminacy in the manner that he describes his opponents’ behaviour, and placing them in a long line of debauched and condemned figures from ages past.
The ‘complete gospel’ revisited: Middle East and African influences
Authors: Jackson Glenna S.
Published: November 2014

The author focuses on the historically-reliable gospel pericopes in which a woman is the lead character. She argues that these women provide the complete gospel − Jesus teaches, heals, preaches and is anointed in the context of female-based stories and, of course, the women take him from conception to resurrection. Jackson argues, not only from an analysis of the texts themselves, but also from her personal experiences in the Middle East and Africa.
The crucifixion of consumerism and power and the resurrection of a community glimpsed through Meylahn’s wounded Christ in conversation with Rowling’s Christ discourse in the Harry Potter series
Authors: Apostolides Anastasia , Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: November 2014

Like some fantasies (including Lord of the rings and the Chronicles of Narnia), the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling makes a social comment on a particular dominant discourse within a particular sociocultural context. One of Rowling’s social comments is the dehumanising and fragmenting effect of the power and consumerist discourse in Western society – where great value is placed on what a person owns. An example of this theme in the series is the characters of the Dursleys, as prime examples of ‘Muggles’. Although it is not power that Muggles seek, but rather to fit in by having what the Jones’ have, which fits in well with the capitalist discourse as developed by Lacan – as discussed by Meylahn. Rowling juxtaposes this discourse with the alternative sacred story of the Christ discourse (community and fellowship are more important than material possessions), that she has subtly woven into her narrative. This alternative discourse challenges adolescents’ identity and spirituality by offering the Christ discourse as an alternative discourse to the dominant discourse of consumerism and power they live in. In his article, ‘Holistic redemptive pastoral ministry in the fragmented transit hall of existence’, Meylahn (2010) speaks of a ‘wounded Christ’ healing a ‘wounded community’ and this ties in well with the Christ discourse presented by Rowling. Meylahn gives us a useful hermeneutical tool to interpret the actions of some of Rowling’s characters. Hence, Meylahn’s ‘wounded Christ’, will be brought into conversation with the actions of some of Rowling’s characters. By bringing Rowling into conversation with Meylahn, pastors and youth workers are presented with an ideal tool to help guide adolescents towards a more spiritual life that is not bound to the dehumanising discourse of consumerism and power.
Living in the townships: An appraisal of Pentecostal social ministry in Tshwane
Authors: Molobi Victor
Published: November 2014

This article offers an appraisal of the social ministry of Pentecostal churches through fellowship, healing and livelihood creation in the township communities of the city of Tshwane. In meeting this aim the discussion advances a thesis of these churches as agents of social support and survival of the downcast. In particular, the article attempts to show how these churches exert themselves towards establishing not only moral responsibility, but also a context where the weakest and the least privileged can learn how to survive. The squatter camp people are unique with the special challenges requiring distinctive consideration. Pentecostal churches believe that the lost people matter to God and are of importance to their congregations as well. The backyard Bible study ministries and mutual cooperation strategies are employed for mutual support. Making use of the existing empirical research data and available literature will show how Pentecostal churches in the townships support the laity and community in times of need.
Perceived risk factors and risk pathways of Rift Valley fever in cattle in Ijara district, Kenya
Authors: Owange Nelson O. , Ogara William O. , Kasiiti Jacqueline , Gathura Peter B. , Okuthe Sam , Sang Rosemary , Affognon Hippolyte , Onyango-Ouma Washington , Landmann Tobias T.O. , Mbabu Murithi
Published: November 2014

Ijara district in Kenya was one of the hotspots of Rift Valley fever (RVF) during the 2006/2007 outbreak, which led to human and animal deaths causing major economic losses. The main constraint for the control and prevention of RVF is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors for its occurrence and maintenance. This study was aimed at understanding the perceived risk factors and risk pathways of RVF in cattle in Ijara to enable the development of improved community-based disease surveillance, prediction, control and prevention. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2012 to June 2013. Thirty-one key informant interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders to determine the local pastoralists’ understanding of risk factors and risk pathways of RVF in cattle in Ijara district. All the key informants perceived the presence of high numbers of mosquitoes and large numbers of cattle to be the most important risk factors contributing to the occurrence of RVF in cattle in Ijara. Key informants classified high rainfall as the most important (12/31) to an important (19/31) risk factor. The main risk pathways were infected mosquitoes that bite cattle whilst grazing and at watering points as well as close contact between domestic animals and wildlife. The likelihood of contamination of the environment as a result of poor handling of carcasses and aborted foetuses during RVF outbreaks was not considered an important pathway. There is therefore a need to conduct regular participatory community awareness sessions on handling of animal carcasses in terms of preparedness, prevention and control of any possible RVF epizootics. Additionally, monitoring of environmental conditions to detect enhanced rainfall and flooding should be prioritised for preparedness.