bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KETINGGIAN TEMPAT TUMBUH PADA TANAMAN SEREH (Cymbopogon citrus) DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Panaungi Andi Nurpati , Lallo Subehan , Rante Herlina , Alam Gemini , Sartini Sartini , Djabir Yulia Yusrini
Published: June 2019

Tanaman sereh Cymbopogon citrus (DC.) Stapf merupakan salah satu tanaman sereh penghasil minyak atsiri yang digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat tumbuh dan aktivitas antibakteri. Masing-masing sampel dari ketinggian 935 m dol, 260 m dpl, dan 10 m dpl didestilasi dengan metode destilasi uap air kemudian dilanjutkan pengujian antibakteri, analisis kualitatif menggunakan GCMS. Aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion Kirby-Bauer menggunakan medium MHA dengan waktu inkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri dari sereh yang paling baik aktivitas antibakteri terdapat pada ketinggian 935 m dpl yang memiliki adaya hambat terhadap Streptococcus mutans sebesar 11,5 mm.
Trends in Single, Dual, and Poly Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes, and Marijuana Among US High-School Students: 1991–2017
Authors: Dai Hongying
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To evaluate trends in patterns (single, dual, or poly) of current use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana (ACM) among youths in the United States.

Methods. I used data from the 1991–2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 203 663) to report average annual percentage change (AAPC) and linear trends of single, dual, and poly use of ACM among youths.

Results. From 1991 to 2017, the prevalence of marijuana-only use increased from 0.6% to 6.3% (AAPC = 7.4) while the prevalence of use of alcohol only or cigarettes only significantly declined. Dual use of alcohol and marijuana increased from 3.6% to 7.6% (AAPC = 2.4), while dual use of alcohol and cigarettes declined from 11.8% to 1.7% (AAPC = −7.5). The prevalence of poly use of ACM declined from 9.4% to 4.4%. There is an enlarged disparity in use of marijuana only by race/ethnicity with an increase of 11.5% among non-Hispanic Blacks and an increase of 8.1% among Hispanics, compared with an increase of 3.4% among non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusions. The use patterns of ACM among youths have changed with a surge in use of marijuana only, especially among racial/ethnic minorities.
Required Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Reporting by US Health Centers: First-Year Data
Authors: Grasso Chris , Goldhammer Hilary , Funk Danielle , King Dana , Reisner Sari L. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Keuroghlian Alex S.
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To assess the performance of US health centers during the first year of required sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data reporting and to estimate the baseline proportion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients accessing health centers.

Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of SOGI data from 2016. These data were reported by 1367 US health centers caring for 25 860 296 patients in the United States and territories.

Results. SOGI data were missing for 77.1% and 62.8% of patients, respectively. Among patients with data, 3.7% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or something else; 0.4% identified as transgender male or female; 27.5% did not disclose their sexual orientation; and 9.3% did not disclose their gender identity.

Conclusions. Although health centers had a high percentage of missing SOGI data in the first year of reporting, among those with data, the percentages of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people were similar to national estimates, and disclosure was more than 70%. Future data collection efforts would benefit from increased training for health centers and improved messaging on the clinical benefits of SOGI data collection and reporting.
Using Census Data to Understand County-Level Differences in Overall Drug Mortality and Opioid-Related Mortality by Opioid Type
Authors: Monnat Shannon M. , Peters David J. , Berg Mark T. , Hochstetler Andrew
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To examine associations of county-level demographic, socioeconomic, and labor market characteristics on overall drug mortality rates and specific classes of opioid mortality.

Methods. We used National Vital Statistics System mortality data (2002–2004 and 2014–2016) and county-level US Census data. We examined associations between several census variables and drug deaths for 2014 to 2016. We then identified specific classes of counties characterized by different levels and rates of growth in mortality from specific opioid types between 2002 to 2004 and 2014 to 2016. We ran multivariate and multivariable regression models to predict probabilities of membership in each “opioid mortality class” on the basis of county-level census measures.

Results. Drug mortality rates overall are higher in counties characterized by more economic disadvantage, more blue-collar and service employment, and higher opioid-prescribing rates. High rates of prescription opioid overdoses and overdoses involving both prescription and synthetic opioids cluster in more economically disadvantaged counties with larger concentrations of service industry workers. High heroin and “syndemic” opioid mortality counties (high rates across all major opioid types) are more urban, have larger concentrations of professional workers, and are less economically disadvantaged. Syndemic opioid counties also have greater concentrations of blue-collar workers.

Conclusions. Census data are essential tools for understanding the importance of place-level characteristics on opioid mortality.

Public Health Implications. National opioid policy strategies cannot be assumed universally applicable. In addition to national policies to combat the opioid and larger drug crises, emphasis should be on developing locally and regionally tailored interventions, with attention to place-based structural economic and social characteristics.
Long-Term Results of Treating Large Posttraumatic Tibial Plateau Lesions with Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Abolghasemian Mansour , León Sebastián , Lee Paul T.H. , Safir Oleg , Backstein David , Gross Allan E. , Kuzyk Paul R.T.
Published: June 2019

Background:

The use of fresh osteochondral allograft (FOCA) transplantation is a treatment option for large posttraumatic tibial osteochondral defects in young, high-demand patients. We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of this procedure and factors impacting graft survivorship.

Methods:

Evaluated were patients with a posttraumatic tibial plateau defect of >3 cm in diameter and >1 cm in depth who were treated with use of a FOCA, with or without a realignment osteotomy, before September 2007. The primary outcome was survivorship according to Kaplan-Meier analysis, with conversion to arthroplasty or another allograft procedure as the end point. The secondary outcome was the functional outcome of knees with a surviving FOCA, as assessed using the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (mHSS) scoring system. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of the role of potential variables was performed for both outcomes.

Results:

Included were 113 patients (67 female) with a mean age at the time of the index surgery of 43 years (range, 24 to 72 years) and a mean follow-up of 13.8 years (range, 1.7 to 34 years). Forty-eight conversions to arthroplasty or another FOCA procedure had been performed at a mean of 11.6 years (range, 1.7 to 34 years) after the index surgery. The remaining 65 patients had a mean follow-up of 15.5 years (range, 4.3 to 31.7 years). The mean mHSS score among those with a surviving FOCA was 85.5 (range, 56 to 100) at the most recent follow-up, which was significantly higher than the preoperative value of 69 (range, 48 to 85) (p < 0.001). Graft survivorship was 90% at 5 years, 79% at 10 years, 64% at 15 years, and 47% at 20 years. Complications included infection (1.8%), nonunion (0.9%), and knee pain from hardware (8.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age at the time of surgery, involvement of the medial plateau, and a higher number of previous surgeries were inversely associated with graft survivorship. Having a Workers’ Compensation file was associated with less improvement in the mHSS score, and the score tended to decline over time for knees with a surviving FOCA.

Conclusions:

FOCA transplantation is a viable option for posttraumatic tibial osteochondral defects, with satisfactory survivorship and functional outcome. Although approximately half of the patients in our study demonstrated graft failure by 20 years, FOCA was an excellent option that delayed the need for arthroplasty. Older patients, those with medial defects, and those with multiple previous surgeries had a less favorable prognosis.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Simulasi Desain Kontrol MPPT Sistem Photovoltaic
Authors: Slamet Puji , Yuliananda Subekti , Santoso Santoso
Published: June 2019

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) modeling has been developed which is part of a photovoltaic (PV) system. This study applies an algorithm for tracking maximum power points in the photovoltaic unit as a whole. The algorithm applied to the MPPT is simulated in PROTEUS modeling to verify the proposed method, the PID control method is simulated in Matlab and Simulink. Simulation shows that changes in input current and voltage will produce different PID controls, with a PWM duty cycle of 10% to 99%.
Pembuatan Trainer Tempat Sampah Otomatis Guna Menyiasati Masalah Sampah Di Lingkungan Masyarakat
Authors: Putra Hans Perdana , Wahid Syamsudin Nur
Published: June 2019

Ngadirejo Village is a safe and comfortable village with the majority of the population working in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, on the other hand, public awareness and concern for handling waste is still lacking. Concerns about the waste problem can be reduced by increasing public awareness to treat waste properly and correctly. Therefore, the author tries to make a tool that is an Automatic Trash Place so that the community members are not reluctant to throw garbage in the trash. They do not need to touch the lid of the trash, to open it only need to hold hands and automatically the trash can will open. Trash cans are made by modifying existing bins. Swivel-covered bins are connected by servo motors and ultrasonic and infrared sensors which are controlled by the Arduino Uno microcontroller kit. This trash can can function properly and be used properly by the community. The results of this research are that the trash can can respond to garbage that is 20 cm away quickly and the trainer is used by students of the electrical engineering study program at Balitar Islamic University as a learning medium.
Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms were associated with oral lichen planus susceptibility in Chinese Han population
Authors: Shen Hong , Liu Qinglan , Huang Peng , Fan Haozhi , Zang Feng , Liu Mei , Zhuo Lingyun , Wu Jingjing , Wu Guoying , Yu Rongbin , Yang Jianrong
Published: June 2019

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is involved in multiple immune-mediated disorders including Oral lichen planus (OLP). This study was aimed to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of OLP. 177 OLP patients and 207 healthy participants were recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs731236, rs739837, rs757343, rs2107301, rs2239185, rs7975232, rs11574129 and rs11568820) on the VDR gene were selected and genotyped. The results showed that the OLP risk was increased in subjects with the rs2239185 TT genotype (Recessive model: adjusted OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.28-5.62, P = 0.009) and rs7975232 CC genotype (Recessive model: adjusted OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.10-4.58, P = 0.026). And the significant cumulative effects on OLP risk were found in rs2239185 and rs7975232 (P < 0.01). The haplotype analysis showed that haplotype CC (rs2239185-rs7975232) was associated with increased OLP risk (OR =3.11, 95% CI = 1.42-6.83, P = 0.005), compared with haplotype AC. In conclusion, the variants of VDR rs2239185 and rs7975232 may influence the OLP susceptibility and VDR gene polymorphisms may be the candidate susceptibility region of OLP in Chinese Han population.
The Effects of Smoking-Cessation Counseling Based on the Stages-of-Change Model in Dental Patients; Semi-Experimental Study
Authors: Ghorbani Zahra , Ahmady Arezoo Ebn , Hosseini Zahra , Azimi Somayyeh
Published: June 2019

Background

Dentists may take part in smoking cessation counseling of dental patients by using the time they are engaged in dental procedures and by emphasizing on oral manifestations of smoking. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation counseling by a dentist on preparation for change to quit smoking in smoker patients.

Methods

This study was performed on 150 smoking patients admitted to Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 75 patients. The intervention group received smoking cessation counseling by a single senior dental student. A self-administered questionnaire containing questions regarding the position of the individual in change cycle stages was completed by both intervention and control group at baseline and at one-month follow up. For statistical analysis, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U and multivariate linear regression models was used with a significance level of P<0.05.

Results

At baseline, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of change cycle stages of smoking cessation. Also, there was no significant difference between change cycle stages at baseline and one-month follow up in control group; but this difference in intervention group was significant (p=0.006). The proportion of patients in the pre-contemplation stage decreased by 43% while the proportion of patients in the contemplation and action stages increased by 20% and 16% respectively.

Conclusions

The smoking cessation counseling enhances forward movement through the stages-of-change of smoking cessation. Measurement of this movement may be an important intermediary in evaluating small clinical trials of counseling.
The effects of volume of interest delineation on MRI-based radiomics analysis: evaluation with two disease groups
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhong Liming , Zhang Bin , Zhang Lu , Du Haiyan , Lu Lijun , Zhang Shuixing , Yang Wei , Feng Qianjin
Published: June 2019

Background

Manual delineation of volume of interest (VOI) is widely used in current radiomics analysis, suffering from high variability. The tolerance of delineation differences and possible influence on each step of radiomics analysis are not clear, requiring quantitative assessment. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of delineation of VOIs on radiomics analysis for the preoperative prediction of metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in breast cancer.

Methods

This study retrospectively enrolled two datasets (NPC group: 238 cases; SLN group: 146 cases). Three operations, namely, erosion, smoothing, and dilation, were implemented on the VOIs accurately delineated by radiologists to generate diverse VOI variations. Then, we extracted 2068 radiomics features and evaluated the effects of VOI differences on feature values by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Feature selection was conducted by Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy combined with 0.632+ bootstrap algorithms. The prediction performance of radiomics models with random forest classifier were tested on an independent validation cohort by the area under the receive operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The larger the VOIs changed, the fewer features with high ICCs. Under any variation, SLN group showed fewer features with ICC ≥ 0.9 compared with NPC group. Not more than 15% top-predictive features identical to the accurate VOIs were observed across feature selection. The differences of AUCs of models derived from VOIs across smoothing or dilation with 3 pixels were not statistically significant compared with the accurate VOIs (p > 0.05) except for T2-weighted fat suppression images (smoothing: 0.845 vs. 0.725, p = 0.001; dilation: 0.800 vs. 0.725, p = 0.042). Dilation with 5 and 7 pixels contributed to remarkable AUCs in SLN group but the opposite in NPC group. The radiomics models did not perform well when tested by data from other delineations.

Conclusions

Differences in delineation of VOIs affected radiomics analysis, related to specific disease and MRI sequences. Differences from smooth delineation or expansion with 3 pixels width around the tumors or lesions were acceptable. The delineation for radiomics analysis should follow a predefined and unified standard.
“I lost close friends when they realized I had TB” – The lived experiences of TB patients in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Gateri Alex Muriithi , Nyamongo Isaac , Ziraba Abdhalah
Published: June 2019

Background

Tuberculosis is a global public health problem with serious health and social implications which produce unique experiences for the patients. Understanding the lived experiences of TB patients is important for appropriate and successful TB interventions. Unsuccessful treatment has grave public health consequences at individual and community levels.

Methods

Qualitative study using 40 narratives of TB patients, 40 home observations, and key informant interviews with 4 TB health care providers using an interpretive phenomenology. The 40 TB patients were interviewed twice, first at the healthcare facility with a follow-up interview in their homes.

Results

Socio-economic, structural and medication related factors shape the experiences of TB patients. Social factors such as stigma, lack of family and other social support influence the lived experiences of TB patients. TB treatment challenges such as side effects and financial constraints also shape the experiences of the patients. Although there is good patient-healthcare provider relationship, patients have to deal with long treatment regimens and the long queues when seeking treatment services in health facilities.

Conclusions

TB management programs should account for factors that influence the lived experience of TB patients to facilitate effective treatment. Many of these factors are barriers to effective treatment and management TB patients. Provision of social and family support, addressing stigma, counseling and addressing structural barriers may influence the patients’ positive experience and promote treatment adherence for successful TB management.
Interventions to Improve Discharge from Acute Adult Mental Health Inpatient Care to the Community: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Tyler Natasha , Wright Nicola , Waring Justin
Published: June 2019

Background

The transition from acute mental health inpatient care to community care is often a vulnerable period in the pathway, where people can experience additional risks and anxiety. Researchers globally have developed and tested a number of interventions that aim to improve this improve support continuity of care and safety in the transitions. However, there has been little attempt to compare and contrast the interventions and specify the variety of safety threats they attempt to resolve.

Methods

The study aimed to identify the evidence base for interventions to support continuity of care and safety in the transition from acute mental health inpatient service to community care services at the point of discharge. Electronic Databases including PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, HMIC, CINAHL, IBSS, Cochrane Library Trials, ASSIA, Web of Science and Scopus, were searched between 2000 and May 2018. Peer reviewed Papers were eligible for inclusion if they addressed adults admitted to an acute inpatient mental health ward and reported on health interventions surrounding discharge from the acute ward to the community. The results were analysed using a narrative synthesis technique.

Results

The total number of papers from which data was extracted was 45. The review found various interventions implemented across continents, addressing problems related to different aspects of discharge. For some interventions followed a distinct named approach (i.e. Critical Time Intervention, Transitional Discharge Model) others were grouped based on key components (i.e. peer support, pharmacist involvement). The primary problems interventions looked to address were reducing readmission, improving wellbeing, reducing homelessness, improving treatment adherence, accelerating discharge, reducing suicide. The 69 outcomes reported across studies were heterogeneous, meaning it was difficult to conduct comparative quantitative meta-analysis or synthesis.

Conclusions

The interventions reviewed are spread across a spectrum ranging from addressing a single problem within a single agency with a single solution, to multiple solutions addressing multi-agency problems. We recommend that future research attempts to improve homogeneity in outcome reporting.
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) related to Immunogenic Cell Death are differentially triggered by clinically relevant chemotherapeutics in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Filippi-Chiela Eduardo , Solari José Ignácio , Andrade Cristiano , Klamt Fabio
Published: June 2019

Background
Chemotherapeutics can stimulate immune antitumor response by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is characterized by the appearance of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) like the exposure of calreticulin (CRT) in cell surface, the release of ATP and the secretion of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1).
Methods
Here, our objective was to investigate levels of ICD-associated DAMPs induced by chemotherapeutics commonly used in the clinical practice of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prognosis values of these DAMPs.A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells were treated with cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel and gemcitabine using clinically relevant conditions (doses, times and co-treatments). We assessed ICD-associated DAMPs, cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy in an integrated way.
Results
We found that cisplatin induced the highest levels of apoptosis, while carboplatin and etoposide were the less cytotoxic. Cisplatin also induced the highest levels of ICD-associated DAMPs, which was not incremented by co-treatments. Etoposide induced the lower levels of ICD and the highest levels of autophagy, suggesting that the cytoprotective role of autophagy is dominant in relation to its pro-ICD role. High levels of CRT were associated with better prognosis in TCGA databank. In an integrative analysis we found a strong negative correlation between cell number and ICD-associated DAMPs as well as between autophagy and ICD-associated DAMPs. We also purpose a mathematical integration of ICD-associated DAMPs in an index (InDAMPs) that may represent with greater biological relevance this process.
Conclusions
Cisplatin alone induced the highest levels of ICD-associated DAMPs, so that its combination with immunotherapies can be a promising therapeutic strategy in NSCLC.
Role of initial anemia degree and treatment model on the prognosis of recurrent gastric cancer
Authors: Li Wenhuan , Zhang Ji-Yu , Liu Wen-Hui , Chen Xian-Xian
Published: June 2019

Background:Anemia is highly prevalent in recurrent gastric cancer patients. The role of initial hemoglobin levels on prognosis prediction of in recurrent gastric cancer has not been well determined. Our present study aims to evaluate the relationship of the anemia degree and the Overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients with recurrent gastric cancer. Methods:Our study enrolled 598 patients who were treated with chemotherapy when the recurrent gastric cancer were diagnosed after radical resection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were preformed to identify risk factors which has the potential to affect the patient prognosis. Besides, the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics including treatment styles and chemotherapy-related hemoglobin reduction degree were further analyzed. Results: Our results revealed that patients with HBini level ≤ 80 g/L had also a trend of shortened median OS and PFS (p=0.009 and p=0.049, respectively). Interesting, we also found that, HBdec ≥30 g/L was associated with significantly shortened median OS and PFS (p=0.039 and p=0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HBini level ≤80 g/L could be used as independent prognostic factors for recurrent gastric cancer. More important, HBdec ≥30 g/L and treatment response also were significantly associated with OS and PFS. Besides, the degree of hemoglobin decrease was associated with chemotherapy include platinum, the number of chemotherapy cycles, treatment response rather than red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Conclusion: Our study concludes that initially degree of anemia can serve as a biomarker of recurrent GC patients prognosis prediction, while chemotherapy treatment rather than RBC transfusion can improve those patient’s OS and PFS. Besides, paclitaxel should not be recommended to treat the recurrent GC patients.
Despite Early Medicaid Expansion, Decreased Durable Virologic Suppression Among Publicly Insured People with HIV in Washington, DC
Authors: Goldstein Deborah , Terzian Arpi , Monroe Anne , Hou Qingjiang , Hart Rachel , Hardy David
Published: June 2019

Background:
Despite near-universal access to HIV care in Washington, DC, inequities in HIV outcomes persist. We hypothesized that laboratory monitoring and virologic outcomes would not differ significantly based on insurance type.
Methods:
We compared HIV monitoring with outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) with private (commercial payer) versus public (Medicare, Medicaid) insurance receiving care at community and hospital clinics. The DC Cohort follows over 8,000 PWH from 14 clinics. We included those ≥18 years old enrolled between 2011-2015 with stable insurance. Outcomes included frequency of CD4 count and HIV RNA monitoring (> 2 lab measures/year, >30 days apart) and durable viral suppression (VS; HIV RNA <50 copies/mL at last visit and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥12 months). Multivariable logistic regression models examined impact of demographic and clinical factors.
Results:
Among 3,908 PWH, 67.9% were publicly-insured and 58.9% attended community clinics. Compared with privately insured participants, a higher proportion of publicly insured participants had the following characteristics: female sex, Black race, heterosexual, unemployed, and attending community clinics. Despite less lab monitoring, privately-insured PWH had greater durable VS than publicly-insured PWH (ART-naïve: private 70.0% vs public 53.1%, p=0.03; ART-experienced: private 80.2% vs public 69.4%, p<0.0001). Privately-insured PWH had greater durable VS than publicly-insured PWH at hospital clinics (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.12; p=0.001).
Conclusions: Paradoxical differences between HIV monitoring and durable VS exist among publicly and privately-insured PWH in Washington, DC. Programs serving PWH must improve efforts to address barriers creating inequity in HIV outcomes.
Ketamine affects the functional convergence of developmentally generated granule neurons in the adult stage
Authors: Zhao Zhanqiang , Li Bing , Wu Yuqing , Chen Xujun , Guo Yan , Shen Yang , Huang He
Published: June 2019

Background
Ketamine has been reported to cause neonatal neurotoxicity in a variety of developing animal models. Various studies have been conducted to study the mechanism of neurotoxicity for general anesthetic use during the neonatal period. Previous experiments have suggested that developmentally generated granule neurons in the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) supported hippocampus-dependent memory. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether ketamine affects the functional integration of developmentally generated granule neurons in the DG. For this purpose，the postnatal day 7 (PND-7) SD rats were divided into the control group and the ketamine group (rats who received 4 injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1 h intervals). The BrdU was administered for three consecutive days after the ketamine exposure. To label the dividing cells, NeuN+/BrdU+ cells were observed by using immunofluorescence. To evaluate the developmentally generated granule neurons that support hippocampus-dependent memory, spatial reference memory was tested by using Morris Water Maze at 3 months old, after which the immunofluorescence was used to detect c-Fos expression in the NeuN+/BrdU+ cells. The expression of caspase-3 was measured by western blot to detect the apoptosis in the hippocampal DG.
Results
The present results showed that the neonatal ketamine exposure did not influence the survival rate of developmentally generated granule neurons at 2 and 3 months old, but ketamine interfered with the integration of these neurons into the hippocampal DG neural circuits and caused a deficit in hippocampal-dependent spatial reference memory tasks.
Conclusions
In summary, these findings may promote more studies to investigate the neurotoxicity of ketamine in the developing brain.
Dynamic Predictive Accuracy of Electrocardiographic Biomarkers of Sudden Cardiac Death within a Survival Framework: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Perez-Alday Erick , Bender Aron , German David , Mukundan Srini , Hamilton Christopher , Thomas Jason , Li-Pershing Yin , Tereshchenko Larisa G
Published: June 2019

Background—The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is known to be dynamic. However, an accuracy of a dynamic SCD prediction is unknown. We aimed to measure dynamic predictive accuracy of ECG biomarkers of SCD and competing non-SCD.
Methods—Atherosclerosis Risk In Community study participants with analyzable ECGs in sinus rhythm were included (n=15,716; 55% female, 73% white, age 54.2±5.8 y). ECGs of 5 follow-up visits were analyzed. Global electrical heterogeneity and traditional ECG metrics were measured. Adjudicated SCD was the primary outcome; non-SCD was competing outcome. Time-dependent area under the (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC) analysis was performed to assess prediction accuracy of a continuous biomarker in a period of 3,6,9 months, and 1,2,3,5,10, and 15 years, using survival analysis framework. Reclassification improvement as compared to clinical risk factors (age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke) was measured.
Results—Over a median 24.4 y follow-up, there were 577 SCDs (incidence 1.76 (95%CI 1.63-1.91)/1,000 person-years), and 829 non-SCDs [2.55 (95%CI 2.37-2.71)]. Short-term, spatial ventricular gradient (SVG) elevation predicted SCD (AUC 0.706; 95%CI 0.526-0.886), but not a non-SCD. Short-term, upward and more likely forward–directed SVG vector predicted SCD, whereas backward-directed SVG predicted non-SCD. Within the first 3 months after ECG recording, only SVG azimuth improved reclassification of the risk beyond clinical risk factors (18% SCD events reclassified up). Long-term, backward–directed SVG predicted both SCD and non-SCD.
Conclusion—Short-term predictors of SCD, non-SCD, and biomarkers of long-term SCD risk differed, reflecting differences in transient vs. persistent SCD substrates.
Impact of Pre-diabetes alone or in combination with Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, or both on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Madani Nahid Hashemi , Ismail-Beigi Faramarz , Poustchi Hossein , Nalini Mahdi , Sepanlou Sadaf G. , Malek Mojtaba , Abbasi Mohammad Amin , Khajavi Alireza , Khamseh Mohammad Ebrahim , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: June 2019

Background

Whether pre-diabetes in the absence of hypertension (HTN) or dyslipidemia (DLP) is a risk factor for occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is not fully established. We investigated the effect of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) alone and in combination with HTN, DLP or both on subsequent occurrence of MACE as well as individual MACE components.

Methods

This longitudinal population-based study included 9,831 inhabitants of Northeastern Iran. The participants were free of any cardiovascular disease at baseline and were followed yearly from 2010 to 2017. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to measure the hazard of IFG alone or in combination with HTN and DLP on occurrence of MACE as the primary endpoint.

Results

297 MACE were recorded during 6.2±0.1 years follow up. IFG alone compared to normal fasting glucose (NFG) was not associated with increased in occurrence of MACE (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.59-1.86; p, 0.8). However, combination of IFG and HTN (HR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.93-3.90; p, 0.001) or HTN + DLP (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.79-4.54; p, 0.001) significantly increased the hazard of MACE. In contrast, IFG with DLP at baseline did not increase the hazard of MACE compared to normoglycemic- normolipemic individuals (p,0.2). The results also indicated IFG with HTN, DLP, or HTN+DLP were associated with significant higher HRs for some individual components of MACE.

Conclusion

IFG, per se, does not appear to increase hazard of MACE. However, IFG with HTN or HTN + DLP conferred a significant hazard for MACE in an incremental manner.
Postnatal care service utilization and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kassie Bekalu , Desta Melaku , Chanie Habtamu , Tesfaye Bekele , Wubetu Muluken , Alene Muluneh , Yismaw Leiltework , Aschale Yibeltal
Published: June 2019

Background: In Ethiopia, literatures are not in agreement on magnitude of utilization of postnatal care service and factors are not well identified. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to engender pooled evidence of magnitude of postnatal care service utilization and associated factors.
Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis international databases such as, HINARI, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google scholar and Cochrane library were used for searching studies published from 2002 to 2018 in English language. The Modified Newcastle- Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of studies and meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Q statistics and I2 test were used to assess the heterogeneity. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled utilization of postnatal care at 95%CI.
Result: Total of 22 articles with total samples of 42,320 women were included to this review. The pooled prevalence of postnatal care service utilization in Ethiopia was 41.5% (95%CI: 28.51-54.52). Women who attended formal education (OR, 2.37, 95%CI: 1.13, 4.97), had middle level and above household’s wealth quintile (OR, 2.57, 95%CI: 1.31,5.05), had antenatal care visit (OR, 6.72, 95%CI: 4.16, 10.87), being multigravida (OR, 0.68, 95%CI: 0.53, 0.88) and gave birth in health institutions (OR, 3.86, 95%CI: 2.89, 5.16) were high likely to utilize postnatal care services while rural resident women (OR, 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.60) were less likely to utilize postnatal care services.
Conclusion: Postnatal care service utilization in Ethiopia is low (41.5%). It is affected by educational status, residence, wealth quintile, gravidity, antenatal care follow up and place of delivery. Scale up the service and awareness for rural people, improving economic status of the household, improve antenatal care follow up, and promote institutional delivery are having paramount importance.
Key words: Health care service utilization, Ethiopia, systematic review, Meta-analysis
How emerging adults perceive elements of nature as resources for wellbeing: a qualitative photo-elicitation study
Authors: Sofija Ernesta , Cleary Anne , Sav Adem , Harris Neil
Published: June 2019

Background: Given the growing concerns for emerging adult wellbeing, there is a need to better understand how this population group interpret, experience and seek to create wellbeing through nature. This paper aims to address this gap and provide unique insight on how emerging adults perceive and experience nature as a beneficial resource to their sense of wellbeing.
Methods: This explorative qualitative study employed photo-elicitation interview method, where 18 emerging adults took photographs that represent their views on and experiences of wellbeing, and during the follow-up interviews discussed the meaning of their photographs. Without a priori mention, 14 participants identified contact with various elements of nature as important resources in supporting their wellbeing. It is the results of these 14 interviews that are discussed in depth in this paper with a focus on i) the elements of nature which emerging adults identify as important resources for their wellbeing, ii) experiences and the perceived pathways between these elements of nature and emerging adult wellbeing.
Results: Thematic analysis revealed four distinct perceived pathways from nature to wellbeing, including symbiotic nurturing, social glue, positive outlook, and centre-ing. Four elements of nature facilitated these pathways: domesticated fauna and flora and wild fauna and surrounding nature.
Conclusion: The findings help build understanding of how emerging adults perceive elements of nature as resources to their sense of wellbeing. The findings have important implications for the development of nature-oriented interventions to promote mental health and wellbeing among emerging adults.
Keywords: Nature, emerging adults, well-being, photo-elicitation, pathways
Incidence of seriously injured road users in a Swedish region, 2003–2014, from the perspective of a national road safety policy
Authors: Värnild Astrid , Belin Matts-Åke , Larm Peter , Tillgren Per
Published: June 2019

Background

Since 1997 Sweden has a policy for road safety called Vision Zero. Given that Vision Zero is mainly used to reduce fatalities among car occupants, the question has been raised by the research community whether a Vision Zero approach promotes health for all road traffic users. The objective is to measure target fulfilment of the national road safety policy for a Swedish region by examining incidence of serious injury during 2003–2014 in rural and urban road spaces with or without implemented measures.

Methods

Data on seriously injured road users, defined as ISS>8 (Injury Severity Scale), were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) together with data from NVDB (National Road Database). These data are used to describe where road users are seriously injured in relation to implemented national policy and using a conceptual model of a road space comprising roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Seriously injured road users in single and multiple crashes with and without vehicles are included. The development of the incidence is analysed for different road users and places in the road space.

Results

Seriously injured road users increased in rural areas from 7.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2003 to 9.3 in 2014, and in urban areas from 8.0 to 16.3 respectively. In areas not transformed by Vision Zero, only 36% were injured in rural areas while 64% were injured in urban areas. In contrast, in transformed areas 61% of injuries occurred in rural areas, whereas 39% occurred in urban areas.

Conclusion

Despite implemented road safety measures in the region, the incidence of seriously injured road users doubled in urban areas during 2003–2014, while the incidence decreased for car occupants on transformed national roads in rural areas. In urban areas, more people were seriously injured on pavements and tracks for cycling and walking than on the roads where Vision Zero had been implemented.
The reduction in the incidence in the region may not be adequate to contribute to fulfilling the national target. More needs to be done, especially in the urban areas, where more active mobility is desired.
Expression features of androgen receptor in special subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Xiang Guomin , Liu Jing , Cao Lu , Xu Cong , Liu Fang , Meng Qingxiang , Xu Danni , Niu Yun
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The important role of the androgen receptor (AR) in invasive carcinoma of no specific type (NST) has been increasingly recognised. However, only a few studies have been reported in special subtypes of breast cancer. Thus, we aim to investigate the AR expression and its expression features in special subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods

This study collected clinicopathological data of 718 special subtypes of breast cancer from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining of AR and other biomarkers was performed.

Results

If the threshold of AR is ≥ 1%, the positive rate of AR in specific subtypes of breast cancer is 77.9% (559/718) of cases. Compared with the threshold of AR is ≥ 10%, the positive percentage of AR in each subtype of breast cancer increases about 10%. The positive expression rate of AR in carcinomas with apocrine differentiation is highest, and the coloration intensity is much stronger than that of other subtypes. The positive expression rate of AR is lowest in metaplastic carcinomas, almost negative; the positive expression rate of AR in invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs), invasive micropapillary carcinomas (IMPCs), invasive papillary carcinomas (IPCs), and is mucinous carcinomas about 70.0%–80.0%.

Conclusions

The expression features of AR in special subtypes of breast cancer vary in different subtypes, and to some extent, AR may be a useful biomarker for clinical diagnosis. Routine testing of AR has a certain guiding significance for clinical work. In addition, AR is expected to treat carcinomas with apocrine differentiation as a target.
Comprehensive gene expression analysis for exploring the association between glucose metabolism and differentiation of thyroid cancer
Authors: Suh Hoon Young , Choi Hongyoon , Paeng Jin Chul , Cheon Gi Jeong , Chung June-Key , Kang Keon Wook
Published: June 2019

Background

The principle of loss of iodine uptake and increased glucose metabolism according to dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer is clinically assessed by imaging. Though these biological properties are widely applied to appropriate iodine therapy, the understanding of the genomic background of this principle is still lacking. We investigated the association between glucose metabolism and differentiation in advanced thyroid cancer as well as papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods

We used RNA sequencing of PTC obtained from the Cancer Genome Archives and microarray data of poorly-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer (PDTC/ATC). The signatures of GLUT and glycolysis were estimated to assess glucose metabolic profiles. The glucose metabolic profiles were associated with tumor differentiation score (TDS) and BRAFV600E mutation status. In addition, survival analysis of glucose metabolic profiles was performed for predicting recurrence-free survival.

Results

In PTC, the glycolysis signature was positively correlated with TDS, while the GLUT signature was inversely correlated with TDS. These correlations were significantly stronger in the BRAFV600E negative group than the positive group. Meanwhile, both GLUT and glycolysis signatures were negatively correlated with TDS in advanced thyroid cancer. The high glycolysis signature was significantly associated with poor prognosis in PTC in spite of high TDS. The glucose metabolic profiles are intricately associated with tumor differentiation in PTC and PDTC/ATC.

Conclusions

As glycolysis was an independent prognostic marker, we suggest that the glucose metabolism features of thyroid cancer could be another biological progression marker different from differentiation and provide clinical implications for risk stratification.
Anthropology and Genre: Science Fiction – Communication of Identity
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: June 2019

Genre production uses the shared nature of cultural communication in order to establish certain kinds and models of cultural identity, and these identities go on to have a social and cultural existence outside genre communication. Anthropology insists on the shared nature of cultural communication, more precisely, on the fact that those who shape the information transmitted in this way have to share its code with the intended recipients. The anthropological study of genres is actually the study of certain cultural artefacts characteristic of the societies and cultures in which they have been created.
Masculinity as an Alternative Parameter of Ethnic Identity: Montenegrins in the Village of Lovćenac
Authors: Nedeljković Saša
Published: June 2019

The village of Lovćenac is located in the region of Bačka, practically halfway between the cities of Novi Sad and Subotica, and has a population of about 4,000. After World War II it was settled by Montenegrins from the region known as "Old Montenegro". Today, the residents of Lovćenac are faced with great challenges of ethnic and national identification. The village is a stronghold of Montenegrin nationalist feeling in Serbia, and the only place where Montenegrin "traditional" culture has been preserved to this day. Having studied Montenegrins in Serbian towns and cities, my intention was to study the identity formula of a rural Montenegrin community in Serbia, and it was with this aim that in 2009 I conducted a study of Lovćenac villagers' identity, using observation and the interview as methodological tools. I paid particular attention to the study of alternative parameters of ethnic identity, specifically the phenomenon of masculinity, which in this case could provide an important analytical instrument. In this particular case, masculinity is manifested through specific and adapted forms of aggresivity, heterosexuality, authoritarianism, laziness etc. These syndroms and concepts are important for self-determination, but also for description, making ethnic boundaries sharper and more distinct. This concept has proved to be especially useful in the case of identification with smaller ethnic (clan) and regional groups, i.e. in intragroup classification. Masculinity has turned out to be an important regulator of interethnic and intraethnic relations, that is, a relational category that is invoked and used when descent, regional affiliation, religion and language are insufficiently clear criteria for ethnic systematization and operationalization.
Roma Hip Hop as a Multiculturalist Soundtrack. R-Point: The Pedagogy of a Policy
Authors: Banić Grubišić Ana
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the phenomenon of Roma hip hop in Serbia, its origins and popularization through music workshops for Roma children organized by the non-governmental organization R-Point. The paper analyzes a supposedly liberatory cultural practice, and argues that its designing „from above“, through non-governmental agencies' projects whose declarative aim is to help the Roma, actually petrifies their identity, reducing their entire cultural output to certain elements attractive to the dominant culture and traditionally recognized as „Roma“.