bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Proportion Optimization of Rock-like Materials Based on Genetic Algorithm Inversion
Authors: Su Hui , Liu Shaoxing , Hu Baowen , Nan Bowen , Zhang Xin , Han Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2024

It is very important to clarify the optimization method of the rock-like material ratio for accurately characterizing mechanical properties similar to the original rock. In order to explore the optimal ratio of rock-like materials in gneissic granite, the water–paste ratio, iron powder content and coarse sand content were selected as the influencing factors of the ratio. An orthogonal test design and sensitivity analysis of variance were used to obtain the significant influencing factors of the ratio factors on seven macroscopic mechanical parameters, including compressive strength σc, tensile strength σt, shear strength τf, elastic modulus E, Poisson’s ratio ν, internal friction angle φ and cohesion c. A multivariate linear regression equation was constructed to obtain the quantitative relationship between the significant ratio factors and the macroscopic mechanical parameters. Finally, a rock-like material ratio optimization program based on genetic algorithm inversion was written. The results show that the water–paste ratio had extremely significant effects on σc, σt, τf, E, ν and c. The iron powder content had a highly significant effect on σc, σt, τf and c, and it had a significant effect on ν and φ. Coarse sand content had a significant effect on σc, E and c. The multiple linear regression model has good reliability after testing, which can provide theoretical support for predicting the macroscopic mechanical parameters of rock-like materials to a certain extent. After testing, the ratio optimization program works well. When the water–paste ratio is 0.5325, the iron powder content is 3.975% and the coarse sand content is 15.967%, it is the optimal ratio of rock-like materials.
Optimization of Proportions of Alkali-Activated Slag–Fly Ash-Based Cemented Tailings Backfill and Its Strength Characteristics and Microstructure under Combined Action of Dry–Wet and Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Hu Jianlin , Meng Zhipeng , Gao Tongtong , Dong Shaohui , Ni Peng , Li Zhilin , Yang Wenlong , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

To enhance the application of alkali-activated materials in mine filling, cemented tailings backfill was prepared using slag, fly ash, sodium silicate, and NaOH as primary constituents. The effects of the raw material type and dosage on the backfill were examined through a single-factor experiment. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the mixing ratios of the backfill, with a focus on fluidity and compressive strength as key objectives. The evolution of backfill quality and compressive strength under the combined effects of dry–wet and freeze–thaw (DW-FT) cycles was analyzed. The hydration products, microstructure, and pore characteristics of the specimens were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and nitrogen adsorption tests (NATs) across varying cycles. The results demonstrate that the optimal backfill composition includes 47.8% fly ash, 6.10% alkali equivalent, and a 1.44 sodium silicate modulus. The macroscopic behavior of the backfill under DW-FT coupling followed this progression: pore initiation → pore expansion → crack formation → crack propagation → structural damage. After a minor initial increase, the backfill strength steadily decreased. Microscopic analysis revealed that the decline in internal cementation products and the deterioration of pore structure were the primary causes of this strength reduction. Thus, the DW-FT coupling can cause significant erosion of the backfill. The technical solutions presented in this paper offer a reference for solid waste utilization and provide valuable insights into the durability of backfill under DW-FT coupling.
Hydrogenation Properties of the Ti45Zr38−xYxNi17 (5 ≤ x ≤ 10) and the Ti45−zYzZr38Ni17 (5 ≤ z ≤ 15) Mechanically Alloyed Materials
Authors: Czub Joanna , Takasaki Akito , Hoser Andreas , Reehuis Manfred , Gondek Łukasz
Published: October 2024

The amorphous materials of the Ti45Zr38Ni17 composition synthesized by mechanical alloying are widely recognized for their ability to store hydrogen with gravimetric densities above 2 wt.%. It is also known that those alloys can form a quasicrystalline state after thermal treatment and their structural and hydrogen sorption properties can be altered by doping with various elements. Therefore, in this paper, the results of the studies on the Ti45Zr38Ni17 system with yttrium substituted for titanium and zirconium are presented. We demonstrate that these alloys are able to absorb hydrogen with a concentration of up to 2.7 wt.% while retaining their amorphous structure and they transform into the unique glassy-quasicrystal phase upon annealing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the in-situ hydrogenation of those new materials is an effortless procedure in which the decomposition of the alloy can be avoided. Moreover, we prove that, in that process, hydrogen does not bind to any specific component of the alloy, which would otherwise cause the formation of simple hydrides or nanoclusters.
Effects of Samarium Doping on the Dielectric Properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 Aurivillius Ceramics
Authors: Rerak Michał , Makowska Jolanta , Goryczka Tomasz , Wodecka-Duś Beata , Osińska Katarzyna , Tytko Grzegorz , Adamczyk-Habrajska Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of samarium (Sm3+) doping on the structural, microstructural, mechanical, and dielectric properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) ceramics. Using the solid-state reaction method, samples of BaBi2-xSmxNb2O9 with varying concentrations of Sm (x = 0.01; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.1) were prepared. Thermal analysis, microstructure characterization via SEM and EDS, X-ray diffraction, mechanical testing, and dielectric measurements were conducted. The results revealed that increasing Sm3+ concentration led to the formation of single-phase materials with a tetragonal structure at room temperature. Mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus and stiffness, improved with Sm doping, indicating stronger atomic bonding. Dielectric properties showed that low concentrations of Sm3+ slightly increased electrical permittivity, while higher concentrations reduced it. The presence of Sm3⁺ also affected the relaxor properties, evidenced by changes in the freezing temperature and activation energy. Overall, the study concludes that samarium doping enhances the structural and functional properties of BBN ceramics, making them promising candidates for high-temperature piezoelectric and dielectric applications. The findings provide valuable insights into tailoring ceramic materials for advanced technological applications.
Advancing UAV Sensor Fault Diagnosis Based on Prior Knowledge and Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Chaoyin , Wan Tiancai , Sun Shaoshan , Li Yongbo , Deng Zichen
Published: October 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are equipped with various sensors to facilitate control and navigation. However, UAV sensors are highly susceptible to damage under complex flight environments, leading to severe accidents and economic losses. Although fault diagnosis methods based on deep neural networks have been widely applied in the mechanical field, these methods often fail to integrate multi-source information and overlook the importance of system prior knowledge. As a result, this study employs a spatial-temporal difference graph convolutional network (STDGCN) for the fault diagnosis of UAV sensors, where the graph structure naturally organizes the diverse sensors. Specifically, a difference layer enhances the feature extraction capability of the graph nodes, and the spatial-temporal graph convolutional modules are designed to extract spatial-temporal dependencies from sensor data. Moreover, to ensure the accuracy of the association graph, this research introduces the UAV’s dynamic model as prior knowledge for constructing the association graph. Finally, diagnostic accuracies of 94.93%, 98.71%, and 92.97% were achieved on three self-constructed datasets. In addition, compared to commonly used data-driven approaches, the proposed method demonstrates superior feature extraction capabilities and achieves the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Temporal Relational Graph Convolutional Network Approach to Financial Performance Prediction
Authors: Jeyaraman Brindha Priyadarshini , Dai Bing Tian , Fang Yuan
Published: October 2024

Accurately predicting financial entity performance remains a challenge due to the dynamic nature of financial markets and vast unstructured textual data. Financial knowledge graphs (FKGs) offer a structured representation for tackling this problem by representing complex financial relationships and concepts. However, constructing a comprehensive and accurate financial knowledge graph that captures the temporal dynamics of financial entities is non-trivial. We introduce FintechKG, a comprehensive financial knowledge graph developed through a three-dimensional information extraction process that incorporates commercial entities and temporal dimensions and uses a financial concept taxonomy that ensures financial domain entity and relationship extraction. We propose a temporal and relational graph convolutional network (RGCN)-based representation for FintechKG data across multiple timesteps, which captures temporal dependencies. This representation is then combined with FinBERT embeddings through a projection layer, enabling a richer feature space. To demonstrate the efficacy of FintechKG, we evaluate its performance using the example task of financial performance prediction. A logistic regression model uses these combined features and social media embeddings for performance prediction. We classify whether the revenue will increase or decrease. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of FintechKG combined with textual information for accurate financial forecasting. Our work contributes a systematic FKG construction method and a framework that utilizes both relational and textual embeddings for improved financial performance prediction.
Pointwise Sharp Moderate Deviations for a Kernel Density Estimator
Authors: Liu Siyu , Fan Xiequan , Hu Haijuan , Doukhan Paul
Published: October 2024

Let fn be the non-parametric kernel density estimator based on a kernel function K and a sequence of independent and identically distributed random vectors taking values in Rd. With some mild conditions, we establish sharp moderate deviations for the kernel density estimator. This means that we provide an equivalent for the tail probabilities of this estimator.
A Chaos-Based Encryption Algorithm to Protect the Security of Digital Artwork Images
Authors: Shi Li , Li Xiangjun , Jin Bingxue , Li Yingjie
Published: October 2024

Due to the security weaknesses of chaos-based pseudorandom number generators, in this paper, a new pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) based on mixing three-dimensional variables of a cat chaotic map is proposed. A uniformly distributed chaotic sequence by a logistic map is used in the mixing step. Both statistical tests and a security analysis indicate that our PRNG has good randomness and is more complex than any one-dimensional variable of a cat map. Furthermore, a new image encryption algorithm based on the chaotic PRNG is provided to protect the content of artwork images. The core of the algorithm is to use the sequence generated by the pseudorandom number generator to achieve the process of disruption and diffusion of the image pixels, so as to achieve the effect of obfuscation and encryption of the image content. Several security tests demonstrate that this image encryption algorithm has a high security level.
The Shrinking Target Problem for Nonautonomous Dynamical Systems Corresponding to Cantor Series Expansion over Formal Laurent Series
Authors: Li Xue , Ma Chao
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the shrinking target problem regarding Q-Cantor series expansions of the formal Laurent series field. We provide the Hausdorff dimension of a very general shrinking target scheme generated by the nonautonomous dynamical system on the unit disk I.
Relationships among Various Chaos for Linear Semiflows Indexed with Complex Sectors
Authors: He Shengnan , Liu Xin , Yin Zongbin , Sun Xiaoli
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate the relationships among point transitivity, topological transitivity, Li–Yorke chaos, and the existence of irregular vectors for a linear semiflow {Tt}t∈Δ indexed with a complex sector. We reveal the equivalence between topological transitivity and point transitivity for a linear semiflow {Tt}t∈Δ, especially in case the range of some operator Tt,t∈Δ is not dense. We also prove that Li–Yorke chaos is equivalent to the existence of a semi-irregular vector and that point transitivity is stronger than the existence of an irregular vector for any linear semiflow Ttt∈Δ. At last, unlike the conclusion for traditional linear dynamical systems, we show that there exists a Li–Yorke chaotic C0-semigroup Ttt∈Δ without irregular vectors. The results and proof methods presented in this paper demonstrate the differences in the dynamical behavior between linear semiflows {Tt}t∈Δ and traditional linear systems with the acting semigroup S=Z+ and S=R+.
Estimation of Physical Stellar Parameters from Spectral Models Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Olivares Esteban , Curé Michel , Araya Ignacio , Fabregas Ernesto , Arcos Catalina , Machuca Natalia , Farias Gonzalo
Published: October 2024

This article presents a new algorithm that uses techniques from the field of artificial intelligence to automatically estimate the physical parameters of massive stars from a grid of stellar spectral models. This is the first grid to consider hydrodynamic solutions for stellar winds and radiative transport, containing more than 573 thousand synthetic spectra. The methodology involves grouping spectral models using deep learning and clustering techniques. The goal is to delineate the search regions and differentiate the “species” of spectra based on the shapes of the spectral line profiles. Synthetic spectra close to an observed stellar spectrum are selected using deep learning and unsupervised clustering algorithms. As a result, for each spectrum, we found the effective temperature, surface gravity, micro-turbulence velocity, and abundance of elements, such as helium and silicon. In addition, the values of the line force parameters were obtained. The developed algorithm was tested with 40 observed spectra, achieving 85% of the expected results according to the scientific literature. The execution time ranged from 6 to 13 min per spectrum, which represents less than 5% of the total time required for a one-to-one comparison search under the same conditions.
A Binary Chaotic White Shark Optimizer
Authors: Lepe-Silva Fernando , Crawford Broderick , Cisternas-Caneo Felipe , Barrera-Garcia José , Soto Ricardo
Published: October 2024

This research presents a novel hybrid approach, which combines the White Shark Optimizer (WSO) metaheuristic algorithm with chaotic maps integrated into the binarization process. Inspired by the predatory behavior of white sharks, WSO has shown great potential to navigate complex search spaces for optimization tasks. On the other hand, chaotic maps are nonlinear dynamical systems that generate pseudo-random sequences, allowing for better solution diversification and avoiding local optima. By hybridizing WSO and chaotic maps through adaptive binarization rules, the complementary strengths of both approaches are leveraged to obtain high-quality solutions. We have solved the Set Covering Problem (SCP), a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization challenge with real-world applications in several domains, and experimental results indicate that LOG and TENT chaotic maps are better after statistical testing. This hybrid approach could have practical applications in telecommunication network optimization, transportation route planning, and resource-constrained allocation.
Rigidity and Triviality of Gradient r-Almost Newton-Ricci-Yamabe Solitons
Authors: Siddiqi Mohd Danish , Mofarreh Fatemah
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we develop the concept of gradient r-Almost Newton-Ricci-Yamabe solitons (in brief, gradient r-ANRY solitons) immersed in a Riemannian manifold. We deduce the minimal and totally geodesic criteria for the hypersurface of a Riemannian manifold in terms of the gradient r-ANRY soliton. We also exhibit a Schur-type inequality and discuss the triviality of the gradient r-ANRY soliton in the case of a compact manifold. Finally, we demonstrate the completeness and noncompactness of the r-Newton-Ricci-Yamabe soliton on the hypersurface of the Riemannian manifold.
Gut Microbiota Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease: Relation with Cognitive Impairment and Mediterranean Lifestyle
Authors: Mateo David , Carrión Nerea , Cabrera Cristian , Heredia Luis , Marquès Montse , Forcadell-Ferreres Eva , Pino Maria , Zaragoza Josep , Moral Alfons , Cavallé Lluís , González-de-Echávarri José M. , Vicens Paloma , Domingo José L. , Torrente Margarita
Published: October 2024

Recently, an association between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GMB) and the development of several diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been proposed. Dysbiosis involves changes in microbial diversity influenced by environmental factors, like diet or lifestyle. In this study, we investigated the role of GMB parameters in Spanish AD patients, assessing the impact of adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle (ML), as well as to characterize these parameters in relation to neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, emotional, and functionality parameters. A case–control study was conducted to investigate the association between the composition of the GMB and cognitive, emotional, neuropsychiatric, and functionality status in Spanish AD patients, along with a shotgun metagenomics approach. Richness and alpha-diversity were significantly lower in the AD group compared to the controls. PERMANOVA and ANOSIM tests of Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, Aitchison distance, and Jaccard similarity did not showed significant differences in beta-diversity between the two groups. Moreover, associations between various phyla of the AD group and orientation performance, food consumption, and activities of daily living were identified. Dysbiosis observed in Spanish AD patients is characterized by reductions in richness and alpha-diversity, alongside alterations in GMB composition, which may be linked to adherence to the ML and cognitive and functionality symptoms.
Isolation of Bacillus altitudinis 5-DSW with Protease Activity from Deep-Sea Mineral Water and Preparation of Functional Active Peptide Fractions from Chia Seeds
Authors: Jin Hao , Lee Eun-Gyo , Khalid Faiza , Jo Seung-Wha , Baik Sang-Ho
Published: October 2024

In this study, we successfully isolated Bacillus strains with high protease activity from deep-sea mineral water in Korea and used them to obtain functional peptide fractions from chia seeds. The obtained Bacillus strains showed a high similarity of 99% with B. altitude with a long rod type (named B. altitudinis 5-DSW) and high protease activity at 40 °C, and 70% of the activity remained even at 70 °C. The defatted chia seed protein (15–50 kDa) was treated with crude protease from B. altitudinis 5-DSW and digested into small peptides below 20 kDa. The obtained chia seed peptides showed 3 times and 1.5 times higher antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABT radical scavenging assays, respectively. Moreover, chia seed peptides showed enhanced AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 14.48 ± 0.88 μg/mL and BChE inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 10.90 ± 0.80 μg/mL. Our results indicate that the newly isolated B. altitudinis 5-DSW and chia seed protein hydrolysates have potential applications in biotechnology and functional food development, enhancing the nutritional quality and value-added utilization of chia byproducts.
Optimizing Hepatitis C Treatment Monitoring: Is Sustained Virologic Response at 4 Weeks Becoming the New Standard?
Authors: Milošević Ivana , Filipović Ana , Beronja Branko , Mitrović Nikola , Ružić Maja , Simić Jelena , Knežević Nataša , Pete Maria , Todorović Nevena , Nikolić Nataša
Published: October 2024

This study, conducted at two university-based infectious disease clinics, included 216 patients with chronic hepatitis C. The primary objective was to assess the positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) at 4 weeks compared to 12 weeks post-therapy. The results demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 100% for achieving SVR at 12 weeks after reaching SVR at 4 weeks for all analyzed genotypes, except for genotype 1b treated with EBR/GZR therapy, where the specificity was 75%. Additionally, younger age and less advanced liver fibrosis were identified as independent predictors of achieving a sustained virological response at both 4 and 12 weeks. The significant normalization of various biochemical parameters was observed after treatment, indicating an overall improvement in liver function. This study suggests that shortening the monitoring period to 4 weeks might be effective for younger patients without significant fibrosis, potentially reducing loss to follow-up, which is a critical issue in HCV treatment. These findings align with the “test and treat” approach. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and incorporate them into official guidelines, which could simplify and enhance the effectiveness of HCV treatment protocols, aiding global efforts to eliminate HCV as a public health issue by 2030.
Investigation of Far Infrared Emission and UV Protection Properties of Polypropylene Composites Embedded with Candlenut-Derived Biochar for Health Textiles
Authors: Low Rayland Jun Yan , He Pengfei , Junianto  , Qiu Ningyu , Ong Amanda Jiamin , Choo Hong Han , Manik Yosia Gopas Oetama , Siburian Rikson , Goei Ronn , Burns Stephen F. , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Lipik Vitali , Chang Boon Peng
Published: October 2024

Far infrared radiation (FIR) within the wavelength range of 4–14 μm can offer human health benefits, such as improving blood flow. Therefore, additives that emit far infrared radiation have the potential to be incorporated into polymer/fabric matrices to develop textiles that could promote health. In this study, biochar derived from candlenuts and pyrolyzed with activated carbon (AC) was incorporated into polypropylene (PP) films and investigated for its potential as a health-promoting textile additive. The properties of biochar were compared with other far infrared (FIR) emitting additives such as hematite, Indian red ochre, and graphene. The addition of biochar increased FIR emissivity to 0.90, which is 9% higher than that of pristine PP. Additionally, biochar enhanced UV and near-infrared (NIR) blocking capabilities, achieving an ultra-protection factor (UPF) of 91.41 and NIR shielding of 95.85%. Incorporating 2 wt% biochar resulted in a 3.3-fold higher temperature increase compared to pristine PP after 30 s of exposure to an FIR source, demonstrating improved heat retention. Furthermore, the ability to achieve the lowest thermal effusivity among other additives supports the potential use of biochar-incorporated fabric as a warming material in cold climates. The tensile properties of PP films with biochar were superior to those with other additives, potentially contributing to a longer product lifespan. Additionally, samples with red ochre exhibited the highest FIR emissivity, while samples with hematite showed the highest capacity for UV shielding.
Assessment of Purchasing Influence of Email Campaigns Using Eye Tracking
Authors: Skourou Evangelia , Spiliotopoulos Dimitris
Published: October 2024

Most people struggle to articulate the reasons why a promotional email they are exposed to influences them to make a purchase. Marketing experts and companies find it beneficial to understand these reasons, even if consumers themselves cannot express them, by using neuromarketing tools, specifically the technique of eye tracking. This study analyses various types of email campaigns and their metrics and explores neuromarketing techniques to examine how email recipients view promotional emails. This study deploys eye tracking to investigate and also verify user attention, gaze, and behaviour. As a result, this approach assesses which elements of an email influence consumer purchasing decisions and which elements capture their attention the most. Furthermore, this study examines the influence of salary and the multiple-choice series of emails on consumer purchasing choices. The findings reveal that only the row that people choose to see in an email affects their purchasing decisions. Regarding promotional emails, the title and brand play a significant role, while in welcome emails, the main factor is primarily the title. Through web eye tracking, it is found that, in both promotional and welcome emails, large images captivate consumers the most. Finally, this work proposes ideas on how to improve emails for similar campaigns.
Acute Sarcopenia: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Damanti Sarah , Senini Eleonora , De Lorenzo Rebecca , Merolla Aurora , Santoro Simona , Festorazzi Costanza , Messina Marco , Vitali Giordano , Sciorati Clara , Rovere-Querini Patrizia
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute sarcopenia refers to the swift decline in muscle function and mass following acute events such as illness, surgery, trauma, or burns that presents significant challenges in hospitalized older adults. Methods: narrative review to describe the mechanisms and management of acute sarcopenia. Results: The prevalence of acute sarcopenia ranges from 28% to 69%, likely underdiagnosed due to the absence of muscle mass and function assessments in most clinical settings. Systemic inflammation, immune–endocrine dysregulation, and anabolic resistance are identified as key pathophysiological factors. Interventions include early mobilization, resistance exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and nutritional strategies such as protein supplementation, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate, omega-3 fatty acids, and creatine monohydrate. Pharmaceuticals show variable efficacy. Conclusions: Future research should prioritize serial monitoring of muscle parameters, identification of predictive biomarkers, and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams from hospital admission to address sarcopenia. Early and targeted interventions are crucial to improve outcomes and prevent long-term disability associated with acute sarcopenia.
Areas for Improvement and Barriers Identified in Measuring the Quality of Nursing Care: Perceptions of Patients and Professionals
Authors: Company-Sancho Maria Consuelo , Rich-Ruiz Manuel , Guillen Toledano Marta , Cairós-Ventura Luis-Miguel , Gil Perez Josefa D. , de Pascual y Medina Ana María , Peláez Alba María Pilar , Barreno Estévez Ana Isabel , Alonso Poncelas María Emma , Rodríguez Orihuela Carolina , Brito-Brito Pedro Ruyman
Published: October 2024

Background: Quality indicators in healthcare are essential to raising awareness about the appropriateness of nursing care. However, identifying the key indicators continues to pose a challenge, above all if one wants to include users and professionals. Aim: Identify which aspects of nursing care should be measured to assess the results of nursing care and how to do so. Methodology: Interpretive qualitative exploratory study. The participants were users and professionals of an autonomous regional health service in Spain. The information was collected by means of two focus groups and eight semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2022 and March 2024. The data were analysed thematically using the Braun and Clarke process. Results: The users and professionals agreed on the need to measure emotional skills and attitudes such as empathy, respect, and warmth when dealing with patients. The professionals highlighted workload and inefficiency of the current record system as barriers to adequately reflecting their work. They proposed improvements in the recording tool and the need for more human resources, as well as leadership that is more focused on quality. Conclusions: It is crucial to develop indicators that reflect both the emotional and technical aspects of nursing care. The participation by patients and professionals alike in this design and selection will make it possible to improve the quality of care and advances in the nursing profession. This study was not registered.
Balance and Walking Speed Outcomes in Individuals Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation for Acute Cerebellar Stroke
Authors: Hammad Uzair , Anderson Abigail W. , Scammon Emma , Whiting Reid , Rodriguez Juan Pablo , Lazaro Rolando T. , Beato Morris Casano
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Cerebellar strokes account for only 2–3% of all strokes occurring annually in the United States but represent a disproportionally higher share of morbidity and mortality. Evidence examining the effect of inpatient rehabilitation on functional outcomes following a cerebellar stroke is limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of inpatient rehabilitation on balance and walking speed in individuals with cerebellar stroke. A secondary purpose of this study was to examine the length of inpatient rehabilitation stay of the included patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using review of patient records during their inpatient rehabilitation stay from January 2021 to February 2022 at a large hospital system in the southeast United States. Balance and gait outcomes were examined on admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation that included physical therapy interventions. A paired t-test examined for changes in outcomes from admission to discharge. Pearson correlation examined for the association between length of stay and outcomes. Results: A total of 15 records were reviewed. There were significant improvements in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), and the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) (p’s < 0.01) from admission to discharge with large effect sizes (range d = 0.70–1.67) following inpatient rehabilitation. The average length of stay was 12.67 days (SD = 6.5) and the mean total hours of combined occupational, physical, and speech therapy was 27.33 (SD = 6.52) h. There was a moderate association between length of stay and PASS (r = 0.525, p = 0.04) and BBS (r = 0.546, p = 0.04) outcomes. Conclusions: Patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation following acute cerebellar strokes demonstrated improvements in balance and gait speed. Study results could assist clinicians designing interventions for patients with cerebellar strokes in the inpatient rehabilitation setting.
Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B Circulation in Poultry and Wild Birds of Colombia
Authors: Escobar-Alfonso Santiago , Alvarez-Mira Diana M. , Beltran-Leon Magda , Ramirez-Nieto Gloria , Gomez Arlen P.
Published: October 2024

The global poultry industry, as a leading producer of animal protein, faces significant challenges related to animal health and production due to high bird density and disease risks. A major concern is the Avian Respiratory Complex (ARC), a multifactorial health issue involving pathogens such as avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), an often-underdiagnosed component of the ARC. Wild birds are seen as reservoirs and spreaders of the virus. This study aimed to detect the presence and subtypes of aMPV in samples from breeders, broilers, laying hens, and wild birds in Colombia. A total of 273 samples, including swabs from the upper respiratory and reproductive tracts, were collected from commercial poultry and wild birds. Using nested RT-PCR targeting the G gene, aMPV subtype B was identified in 23 samples (8.42%). Sequencing revealed high genetic similarity to vaccine strains, classifying all viruses as vaccine-like. In the commercial birds, aMPV-B appeared in 21 samples, regardless of symptoms, often in tests for other ARC agents, indicating diagnostic bias. In the wild birds, two samples tested positive, suggesting potential transmission between wild and domestic birds. These findings highlight the need for broader diagnostics and further research into aMPV’s impact on avian health.
Embedding Physical Therapy in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting: Qualitative Analysis of Pediatricians’ Insights on Potential Collaborative Roles and Benefits
Authors: Jacobson Ryan P. , Dobler Rebecca R.
Published: October 2024

The growing need for collaborative healthcare teams to meet complex health challenges has led to physical therapists (PTs) being embedded in adult primary care settings for many years now. However, this model of care has not been found in pediatrics. This qualitative study sought to gain insights from pediatricians on the potential of embedding pediatric PTs in primary care. Participants were nine pediatricians practicing in both urban and rural, hospital-based and private settings. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via thematic analysis per published methods, assuring trustworthiness. Three overarching themes emerged: pediatricians’ priorities aligned with the Quadruple Aim of Healthcare, embedded PTs could fill multiple roles in pediatrics, and they could see a wide variety of patients, highlighting real potential benefits in primary care. Participants endorsed in-office focused treatments, screening to determine optimal care pathways, and ongoing patient follow-up as potential PT roles in this setting. Providers thought that PTs could help manage care for musculoskeletal complaints, high-risk infants, medically complex children, autism, and obesity. An advanced-trained PT having attributes of confidence, adaptability, and open-mindedness was desired. All participants endorsed pediatric primary care PTs as having potentially high value in their practice. This is the first known study on the potential of embedding a PT in the pediatric primary care setting, offering valuable insights from pediatricians to be leveraged in implementation planning.
Molybdenum Truncated Cone Arrays with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Application
Authors: Wang Cheng , Cui Tao , Liu Zhe , Lin Yu , Tang Shuai , Shao Lei , Chen Huanjun , Shen Yan , Deng Shaozhi
Published: October 2024

Plasmonic materials have been extensively explored for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to their high tunability and excellent localized electric field enhancement. Most research for now has focused on noble metals, with limited investigation into corrosion-resistant materials for SERS effects. In this study, a photolithography process is firstly used to create a patterned dot array on a silicon substrate. Next, magnetron sputtering is employed to deposit molybdenum films, finally resulting in the molybdenum truncated cone array substrates for SERS applications. The fabricated truncated cone array experimentally facilitates the coupling of localized surface plasmon polaritons, consistent with simulation results obtained via the finite-difference time-domain method. The formation of hot spots between the cone unit cell arrays leads to the improved Raman signals and can act as traps for target molecules. This study demonstrates that molybdenum-based micro-nano structures can serve as reliable SERS substrates for sensitive molecular sensing applications in highly corrosive environments.
Multi-Source Fusion Deformation-Monitoring Accuracy Calibration Method Based on a Normal Distribution Transform–Convolutional Neural Network–Self Attention Network
Authors: Lin Xuezhu , Zhang Bo , Guo Lili , Zhang Wentao , Sun Jing , Liu Yue , Chao Shihan
Published: October 2024

In multi-source fusion deformation-monitoring methods that utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) data and other data types, the lack of FBG constraint points in edge regions often results in inaccuracies in fusion results, thereby impacting the overall deformation-monitoring accuracy. This study proposes a multi-source fusion deformation-monitoring calibration method and develops a calibration model that integrates vision and FBG multi-source fusion data. The core of this model is a normal distribution transform (NDT)–convolutional neural network (CNN)–self-attention (SA) calibration network. This network enhances continuity between points in point clouds using the NDT module, thereby reducing outliers at the edges of the fusion results. Experimental validation shows that this method reduces the absolute error to below 0.2 mm between multi-source fusion calibration results and high-precision measured point clouds, with a confidence interval of 99%. The NDT-CNN-SA network offers significant advantages, with a performance improvement of 36.57% over the CNN network, 14.39% over the CNN–gated recurrent unit (GRU)–convolutional block attention module (CBAM) network, and 9.54% over the CNN–long short term memory (LSTM)–SA network, thereby demonstrating its superior generalization, accuracy, and robustness. This calibration method provides smoother and accurate structural deformation data, supports real-time deformation monitoring, and reduces the impact of assembly deviation on product quality and performance.
Non-Structural Carbohydrates Accumulation in Seedlings Improved Flowering Quality of Tree Peony under Forcing Culture Conditions, with Roots Playing a Crucial Role
Authors: Shi Shuaiying , Shi Tian , Zhou Shuang , Gao Shuangcheng , Zhao Yuan , Shi Guoan
Published: October 2024

(1) Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is a woody ornamental plant originating from China, and beloved by people worldwide. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play a crucial role in regulating the flowering quality of tree peonies in both field and potted conditions. However, the effects of NSCs accumulation and allocation in various organs during the vegetative growth stage on the flowering quality of tree peony under forcing culture remains unclear. (2) Two-year-old grafted seedlings of tree peony cv. ‘Luoyanghong’ were subjected to orthogonal treatments to investigate the role of NSCs accumulation in plants’ developmental process. We measured leaf photosynthetic capacity, NSCs accumulation in the organs of seedlings, observed key ornamental characteristics of flowering quality under forcing culture conditions, and evaluated the qualities of seedlings and flowers using the seedling index (SI) and flowering index (FI), respectively. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between leaf photosynthetic capacity and NSCs accumulation in both the whole plant and roots of potted tree peony. Roots were identified as the primary organs for NSCs accumulation in potted tree peonies. Sufficient NSCs accumulation in the plant, particularly in the roots during the defoliation period, was essential not only for enhancing the seedling quality of potted tree peonies but also for improving the flowering quality under forcing culture conditions. Both the seedling index (SI) and flowering index (FI) exhibited a significant dose-response with increasing root NSCs accumulation at defoliation. The T3 group, which involved slight root pruning (by 25%), combined with a high-concentration rooting agent (750 mg·L−1) and Metarhizium anisopliae (20 million U·mL−1), resulted in the highest photosynthetic capacity, SI, FI and NSCs accumulation status (NSCAR), making it the optimal treatment combination. (4) This finding indicates that increasing NSCs accumulation in the roots of potted tree peonies is a crucial biological foundation for producing high-quality potted flowers under forcing culture conditions, which provide new insights into the importance of NSCs in tree peony flowering and may improve the production technology for high-quality potted tree peony flowers under forcing culture conditions.
Karyotype’s Rearrangement in Some Hybrids of the Orchidinae Subtribe
Authors: Turco Alessio , Wagensommer Robert Philipp , Albano Antonella , Medagli Pietro , D’Emerico Saverio
Published: October 2024

Based on our karyological findings in the Anacamptis Rich., Ophrys L., and Serapias L. genera, we have identified chromosomal markers within some hybrids and elucidated their interrelationships. Mitotic chromosomes of fifteen taxa were analyzed using the conventional Feulgen staining method. Only for Anacamptis ×gennarii (Rchb. f.) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & Dietr. [A. morio (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase × A. papilionacea (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase] and its parental species were some data obtained and reported with the banding method with Giemsa, Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome, and the FISH techniques. Our research involved new chromosomal measurements of fifteen taxa, including six hybrids, along with schematic representations. Morphometric parameters, i.e., MCA and CVCL, were used to evaluate karyotype asymmetry. Of meaning were the analyses performed on chromosomal complements of selected hybrids, which distinctly revealed marker chromosomes present in one or both putative parental species. Among the parents identified in some hybrids, Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd. has shown some interest due to the presence in its karyotype of a pair of chromosomes (n.1) showing a notable secondary constriction on the long arm. Indeed, one of the homologs is clearly distinguishable in the analyzed hybrids, where it clearly emerges as one of the putative parents. Given the challenges in detecting certain karyomorphological features within the Orchidinae subtribe using alternative methods, such as Giemsa C-banding or fluorescence banding, the Feulgen method remains valuable for cytogenetic characterization. It helps us to understand the genomes of hybrids and parental species, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of their genetic composition.
Functional Mechanisms and the Application of Developmental Regulators for Improving Genetic Transformation in Plants
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Liu Siyuan , An Xueli
Published: October 2024

Enhancing the genetic transformation efficiency of major crops remains a significant challenge, primarily due to their suboptimal regeneration efficiency. Developmental regulators, known as key regulatory genes, involved in plant meristem and somatic embryo formation, play a crucial role in improving plant meristem induction and regeneration. This review provides a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of many developmental regulators, in the context of enhancing the genetic transformation efficiency in major crops. We also propose strategies for exploring and utilizing additional developmental regulators. Further investigation into the mechanisms of these regulators will deepen our understanding of the regenerative capacity and genetic transformation processes of plants, offering valuable support for future crop improvement efforts. The discovery of novel developmental regulators is expected to further advance crop transformation and the effective manipulation of various developmental regulators could provide a promising approach in order to enhance genetic transformation efficiency.
Numerical Simulation for Durability of a Viscoelastic Polymer Material Subjected to Variable Loadings Fatigue Based on Entropy Damage Criterion
Authors: Li Yutong , Fikry M. J. Mohammad , Koyanagi Jun
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of load history on the premature failure of the viscoelastic polymer matrix in carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) using a method based on the concept of fracture fatigue entropy (FFE). A user-defined subroutine (UMAT) developed by the authors in previous studies was incorporated to apply the FFE damage criterion using ABAQUS software. Several variable-amplitude load modes, including frequent load amplitude changes and intermittent interruptions, were designed based on the conventional linear damage accumulation method (Palmgren–Miner rule), and the fatigue life under these loadings was obtained via numerical simulations. The results show that both frequent amplitude changes and even brief pauses in loading can accelerate damage accumulation, leading to premature failure of the polymer matrix. In these scenarios, the fatigue life ranged from 33.6% to 91.9% of the predictions made using the Palmgren–Miner rule, which shows significant variation and highlights cases in which the predicted fatigue life falls far short of expectations. This study offers a more practical and reliable approach for predicting fatigue life under complex loading conditions. Since the accuracy of the FFE criterion has been comprehensively validated in previous studies, this research focuses on its application to predict failure under variable loading conditions.
Bacterial Degradation of Low-Density Polyethylene Preferentially Targets the Amorphous Regions of the Polymer
Authors: Nguyen Trinh , Merna Jan , Kysor Everett , Kohlmann Olaf , Levin David Bernard
Published: October 2024

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is among the most abundant synthetic plastics in the world, contributing significantly to the plastic waste accumulation problem. A variety of microorganisms, such as Cupriavidus necator H16, Pseudomonas putida LS46, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA2361, can form biofilms on the surface of LDPE polymers and cause damage to the exterior structure. However, the damage is not extensive and complete degradation has not been achieved. The changes in polymer structure were analyzed using Time-domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR), High-Temperature Size-Exclusion Chromatography (HT-SEC), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Limited degradation of the LDPE powder was seen in the first 30 days of incubation with the bacteria. Degradation can be seen in the LDPE weight loss percentage, LDPE degradation products in the supernatant, and the decrease in the percentage of amorphous regions (from >47% to 40%). The changes in weight-average molar mass (Mw), number-average molar mass (Mn), and the dispersity ratio (Đ) indicate that the low-molar mass fractions of the LDPE were preferentially degraded. The results here confirmed that LDPE degradation is heavily dependent on the presence of amorphous content and that only the amorphous content was degraded via bacterial enzymatic action.
Avocado Seed Starch-Based Films Reinforced with Starch Nanocrystals
Authors: Muñoz-Gimena Pedro Francisco , Aragón-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Blázquez-Blázquez Enrique , Arrieta Marina Patricia , Rodríguez Gema , Peponi Laura , López Daniel
Published: October 2024

Biopolymers derived from biomass can provide the advantages of both biodegradability and functional qualities from a circular economy point of view, where waste is transformed into raw material. In particular, avocado seeds can be considered an interesting residue for biobased packaging applications due to their high starch content. In this work, avocado seed starch (ASS)-based films containing different glycerol concentrations were prepared by solvent casting. Films were also reinforced with starch nanocrystals (SNCs) obtained through the acid hydrolysis of ASS. The characterization of the extracted starch and starch nanocrystals by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis has been reported. Adding 1% of SNCs increased elastic modulus by 112% and decreased water vapor permeability by 30% with respect to neat matrix. Interestingly, the bioactive compounds from the avocado seed provided the films with high antioxidant capacity. Moreover, considering the long time required for traditional plastic packaging to degrade, all of the ASS-based films disintegrated within 48 h under lab-scale composting conditions. The results of this work support the valorization of food waste byproducts and the development of reinforced biodegradable materials for potential use as active food packaging.