bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heating Effects on Optical Properties of Metal Nano Particle
Authors: Iskandar Alexander A. , Isro Suhandoko D. , Wulandari Priastuti
Published: May 2020

Localized Surface Plasmon (LSPR) occurs on the interface of Metal Nano Particle (MNP) when illuminated with electromagnetic wave, at a specific electromagnetic energy (wavelength). In this work, we model the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) composite by its atomic polarizability, that is related to the absorption, and its dependence on temperature. To compare the resulted LSPR frequency shift when the AuNP system is heated, we synthesized the MNP composite of polymer (oleylamine) capped gold nanoparticle (AuOA) and measured the optical properties which is related to the LSPR resonance frequency through the atomic polarizability of the composite. The temperature dependence effect is observed by depositing the AuAO onto a thin film after mixing with a polymer solvent (P3HT : PCBM) and heating it. It is found that a perceptible blueshift of the LSPR signal is observed which is contrary to the prediction from the model. This effect can be attributed to the thermal expansion of the thin films due to the heating process. After heating, the relative distance between two nanoparticles becomes larger, thus the weakening of surface plasmon interaction between the particles.
Humidity Effects on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods using Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Jali Mohd Hafiz , Rahim Hazli Rafis Abdul , Yusof Haziezol Helmi Mohd , Johari Md Ashadi Md , Thokchom Siddharth , Harun Sulaiman Wadi
Published: May 2020

The effects of ZnO nanorod samples with different growth times samples to the morphological structures and output light intensity are reported. The proposed structure comprises of silica microfiber integrated with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods coated glass surface. The silica microfiber is tapered into constant waist diameter of 10 μm using flame brushing technique. While the glass surface is coated with ZnO nanorods using hydrothermal method for 6 hours, 9 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours and 18 hours growth times. The samples are exposed to the different humidity levels ranging from 35%RH to 85%RH to observe the effect of the morphological structures such as length, diameter and density and the output light intensity. The resulted measurements provide the correlation between the growth time during the synthesis process to the ZnO nanorods physical structure as well as the output light intensity in different humidity levels. It utilizes the unique features of the scattering and surface absorption of the microfiber and ZnO nanomaterials coated glass surface to alter the output light intensity. The reported results may contribute to the optimal ZnO nanorods growth time for humidity sensing applications.
ZnO-Mg Nanoparticles Produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) Technique
Authors: Yudasari N , Suliyanti M M , Imawan C
Published: May 2020

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique has been used to synthesize ZnO and ZnO-Mg nanoparticles by conducting laser ablation of zinc target in pure water and Mg(NO3)2 solution. The absorbance spectra show redshifted peaks of ZnO with Mg inclusion indicating the lowering of the band-gap energy down to 3.09 and 3.01 eV from 3.28 eV of the pure ZnO. The higher frequency visible emission peaks of ZnO-Mg in the photoluminescence spectra indicate more recombination due to the formation of Mg interstitial state. The XRD measurement shows the diffraction of ZnO-Mg shifted into lower peak, resulting longer interplanar spacing, which matches to those obtained from HRTEM measurement.
Prospects of nuclear clustering studies via dissociation of relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsion
Authors: Artemenkov D A , Bradnova V , Firu E , Haiduc M , Kornegrutsa N K , Malakhov A I , Mitsova E , Neagu A , Peresadko N G , Rusakova V V , Stanoeva R , Zaitsev A A , Zarubina I G , Zarubin P I
Published: May 2020

Status and prospects of nuclear clustering studies by dissociation of relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsion are presented. The unstable 8Be and 9B nuclei are identified in dissociation of the isotopes 9Be, 10B, 10C and nC, and the Hoyle state in the cases 12C and 16O. On this ground searching for the Hoyle state and more complex α-particle states in the dissociation of the heavier nuclei is suggested. A detailed study of a low-density baryonic matter arising in dissociation of the heaviest nuclei is forthcoming long-term problem. An analysis of nuclear fragmentation induced by relativistic muons is proposed to examine the mechanism dissociation.
Monte Carlo Simulations for Shielding Analysis of the TR-24 Cyclotron at INRNE-BAS
Authors: Demerdjiev A , Goutev N , Asova G , Shegunov K , Dimitrov D T , Tonev D
Published: May 2020

The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is building an accelerator laboratory to operate a TR-24 cyclotron. Thus, a preliminary radiation shielding analysis of the accelerator bunker is required. For this purpose Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed and dosimetric (Dose equivalent) quantities have been estimated in two model geometries - simplified spherical geometry and full-scale bunker, respectively during operation and after the end of the cyclotron life. Our current efforts are directed to the production of 18F thus in all the conducted simulations a water target enriched with 18O is considered. NiGa3 as a target for production of 68Ge has also been simulated and a comparison of the radiation shielding characteristics of the bunker for the two targets has been made.
Gamma-ray emission in alpha-particle reactions with C, Mg, Si, Fe
Authors: Kiener J. , Bundesmann J. , Deloncle I. , Denker A. , Tatischeff V. , Gostojic A. , Hamadache C. , Röhrich J. , Benhabiles H. , Bourgaoub I. , Coc A. , Hammache F. , Mezhoud R. , Peyré J.
Published: May 2020

Cross sections for the strongest γ-ray emission lines produced in α-particle reactions with C, Mg, Si, Fe have been measured in the range E

α
= 50-90 MeV at the center for protontherapy at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. Data for more than 60 different γ-ray lines were determined, with particular efforts for lines that are in cross section compilations/evaluations with astrophysical purpose, and where data exist at lower projectile energies. The data are compared with predictions of a modern nuclear reaction code and cross-section curves of the latest evaluation for gamma-ray line emission in accelerated-particle interactions in solar flares.
Quasi-exact solutions for the Bohr Hamiltonian with sextic oscillator potential
Authors: Buganu P. , Budaca R. , Chabab M. , Lahbas A. , Oulne M.
Published: May 2020

A discussion on the quasi-exact solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian with sextic oscillator potential is made by attracting the attention on some recent results of its application to the phase transition from spherical vibrator to a γ-unstable system. More precisely, it is underlined the importance of the solvability order on the structure of the states, especially in the critical point, respectively, in the deformed region of the phase transition.
Towards the construction of the inner zone of the CBM-TOF wall
Authors: Petriş M. , Bartoş D. , Duţă V. , Petrovici M. , Rădulescu L. , Simion V. , Frühauf J. , Deppner I. , Herrmann N.
Published: May 2020

The Time-of-Flight (TOF) subsystem, one of the core detectors of the CBM experiment, is dedicated to the identification of all charged hadrons produced in beam-target interaction. The targeted system time resolution of 80 ps and an efficiency above 90% should be maintained at a particle flux up to 30 kHz/cm2 in the region of low polar angles. In order to cope with these challenging requirements, CBM-TOF wall will be equipped with Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Counters with Multi-Strip readout (MSMGRPC).

Our R&D activity has been focused on the development of a MSMGRPC prototype for the most demanding region of the CBM-TOF wall, the region of low polar angles (from 2.5° to ∼12° around the beam pipe). The results obtained in heavy ion in-beam tests have demonstrated the performances of the developed prototypes in conditions of exposure of the whole active area to high flux and high multiplicity reaction products. The latest developed prototypes have an optimized design which fulfills simultaneously two important requirements for MSMGRPCs, the granularity for the inner zone of the CBM-TOF subdetector and the impedance matching to the front-end electronics. Based on the obtained in-beam test results and the architecture of the developed prototypes, a modular structure of 12 units called modules is proposed. A total number of 470 MSMGRPCs (~30000 readout channels) assures an uniform coverage of the active area.
Occupation of shell model orbitals extracted from knockout reactions
Authors: Cowley A. A.
Published: May 2020

In recent years new facilities have been developed for quasifree knockout studies of unstable atomic nuclei. This has stimulated renewed interest in several unresolved issues from earlier work on stable targets. With selected examples the present paper provides a brief explanation to what extent results from the traditional investigations are reliable. As is known, current insight suggests a problem with the mean-field approximation to nuclear matter. To some extent this result is vulnerable to sensitivity to input ingredients of the theoretical model used to arrive at this conclusion. This review also implicitly provides some guidance in this respect.
Coulomb Excitation of Proton-rich N = 80 Isotones at HIE-ISOLDE
Authors: Kern Ralph , Zidarova Radostina , Pietralla Norbert , Rainovski Georgi , Gaffney Liam P. , Blazhev Andrey , Boukhari Amar , Cederkäll Joakim , Cubiss James G. , Djongolov Martin , Fransen Christoph , Gladnishki Kalin , Giannopoulos Efstathios , Hess Herbert , Jolie Jan , Karayonchev Vasil , Kaya Levent , Keatings James M. , Kocheva Diana , Kröll Thorsten , Möller Oliver , O’Neill George G. , Pakarinen Janne , Reiter Peter , Rosiak Dawid , Scheck Marcus , Snall Jacob , Söderström Pär-Anders , Spagnoletti Pietro , Stegmann Robert , Stoyanova Milena , Thiel Stefan , Vogt Andreas , Warr Nigel , Welker Andree , Werner Volker , Wiederhold Johannes , Witte Hilde De
Published: May 2020

A projectile Coulomb-excitation experiment was performed at the radioactive ion beam facility HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. The radioactive 140Nd and 142Sm ions were post accelerated to the energy of 4.62 MeV/A and impinged on a 1.45 mg/cm2-thin 208Pb target. The γ rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL. The scattered charged particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector in forward direction. Experimental γ-ray intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. Preliminary results for the reduced transition strength of the

B
(
M
1
;

2
3
+

→

2
1
+

)
=
0.35
(
19
)

μ
N
2

of 140Nd and a first estimation for 142Sm have been deduced using the Coulomb-excitation calculation software GOSIA. The

2
3
+

states of 140Nd and 142Sm show indications of being the main fragment of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry

2

1
,
ms

+

state.
Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Deuterons From 13C
Authors: Burtebayev N , Janseitov D M , Kerimkulov Zh , Alimov D , Nassurlla M , Valiolda D S , Mauyey B , Demyanova A S , Danilov A N , Hamada Sh , Aimaganbetov A
Published: May 2020

The differential cross-sections of deuteron elastic and inelastic scattering on 13C target were measured at the cyclotron U-150M INP, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Accelerated deuteron ion energy was 14.5 MeV. The results of the study are new experimental data for the d + 13C process of elastic and inelastic scattering to the 3.68 (3/2−), 6.86 (5/2+) and 7.55 (5/2−)MeV excited states of the 13C nucleus. The optical model with either a Woods-Saxon potential or a double folding model were used for analyzing the experimental results on elastic scattering. We performed theoretical calculations within the framework the coupled channel (CC) method for the indicated excited states. The optimal deformation parameters for the excited states of 13C nucleus were extracted.
Spectroscopy of 7He in stopped pion absorption
Authors: Chernyshev B A , Demyanova A S , Gurov Yu B , Lapushkin S V , Leonova T I , Ogloblin A A , Sandukovsky V G
Published: May 2020

Formation of the 7He heavy isotope was studied in the reactions of stopped pion absorption by light nuclei 9Be, 10,11B and 12,14C. Measurements were performed using the two-arm multilayer semiconductor spectrometer. Contrary to the results of other studies, we observed several narrow highly excited states (Ex
> 16 MeV) of 7He. From the analysis of the continuous excitation spectrum in reactions 9Be(π−, d)X and 11B(π−, dd)X it was obtained first indication that the 4He+3n structure is not present in the ground state of 7He.
Assessment of ASTEC 2.1 capability to predict reactor core behaviour at the late phase of severe accident progression based on QUENCH-12
Authors: Vryashkova Petya , Groudev Pavlin
Published: May 2020

The presented paper discusses capability of recently developed version 2 revision 1, patch 1 of ASTEC computer code to predict a fuel behaviour at late phase of severe accident progression. The conducted assessment is part of the ASTEC validation based on available information from performed tests in QUENCH program for these purposes. It has been selected QUENCH-12 experiment for simulation of investigated phenomena as fuel cladding, oxidation and hydrogen generation, including temperature escalation during heat up followed by quenching overheated surface fuel cladding.

The QUENCH-12 experiment was proposed by FZK together with RIAR Dimitrovgrad and IBRAE Moskow (Russia). The test was conducted at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe on 27 December, 2006 in the frame of EC-supported ISTC program.

The selected QUENCH-12 experiment was performed to extend knowledge gathered in previous QUENCH test to fuel behaviour in other LWRs slightly different from well investigated western type PWR with squared lattice. The fuel assemblies with a hexagonal lattice and containing fuel rod claddings made of Zr1%Nb (E 110) using in the VVER reactors are investigated in the experiment.

The developed QUENCH-12 model for ASTEC code successfully predicted the entire sequence from initial heat-up to quench phase of experiment, except hydrogen generation during quenching phase at the end of transient.
Neutron induced reactions in massive spallation targets
Authors: Zhivkov P K , Stoaynov Ch P , Tyutyunnikov S I
Published: May 2020

During the last 15 years at JINR, Dubna a large number of experiments have been done to investigate the neutron field generated in big spallation targets. The Energy plus Transmutation project has two set-ups: big U/Pb [1] and Quinta [2,3]. These set-ups are irradiated by high energy deuteron and proton beams. The project continues with the next generation “quasi infinite target”, a cylinder of 21 tons of depleted uranium packed in a steel cage (the experiments have not been done yet) [4]. Such a target has simple requirements: all generated neutrons deliver more than 90% of their energy in the target volume and the leakage ranges between 5 and 10% of the generated neutrons. There is a significant number of experimental results and simulations with different transport codes MCNPX, FLUKA, GEANT 4 for big U/Pb target and Quinta set ups. The comparison of simulations with reaction rate measurements shows very good agreement with an error range of 10-20%. These results provided the basis for additional simulations for similar set-ups. In the big U/Pb set-up the lead target is replaced by natU and the polyethylene (PE) cage is replaced by natPb. Similar calculations are done with the Quinta set-up. The natPb shield is replaced with polyethylene (PE). The integral number of neutron induced reactions, neutron production and leakage are calculated and compared.
Computational analysis of the Discrete Ordinates Adjoint Function applicability in VVER Monte Carlo modelling
Authors: Mitev M , Osmera B , Smutny V
Published: May 2020

The possible use of the adjoint function as an automated source for weight windows generation in the case of VVER-1000 benchmark transport calculations is presented in this paper. The numerical solution for obtaining the adjoint function is performed using the Discrete Ordinates code TORT. Interface software is used to translate the adjoint function into weight windows’ input parameters. A deep penetration problem has been modelled for the VVER-1000 Mock Up, built at the NRI/Rez’s LR-0 critical assembly for VVER-1000 benchmark studies. The neutron flux is evaluated in three locations placed on the azimuthal symmetry axis, radially from the reactor core to the shielding. The calculations are performed in three different approaches: by MCNP code using the weight windows obtained through the adjoint function, by MCNP code using weight windows created by the author through the standard procedure and by the TORT code. The results are compared in terms of integral fluxes and the validity of the adjoint function in variance reduction for VVER reactor Monte Carlo calculations is justified.
Regional differentiation in climate change induced drought trends in the Netherlands
Authors: Philip Sjoukje Y , Kew Sarah F , van der Wiel Karin , Wanders Niko , Jan van Oldenborgh Geert
Published: May 2020

The summer of 2018 was characterized by high temperatures and low precipitation values in the Netherlands. The drought negatively impacted different sectors, resulting in an estimated damage of 450 to 2080 million Euros. Strong regional differences were observed in the precipitation shortfall across the country, with highest deficits in the southern and eastern regions. This raised two questions: (i) have increasing global temperatures contributed to changes in meteorological and agricultural droughts as severe or worse as in 2018? And (ii) are trends in these types of droughts different for coastal and inland regions? In this paper we show that there is no trend in summer drought (Apr-Sep) near the coast. However, a trend in agricultural drought is observed for the inland region where water supply is mainly dependent on local precipitation. This trend is driven by strong trends in temperature and global radiation rather than a trend in precipitation, resulting in an overall trend in potential evapotranspiration. Climate model analyses confirm that this trend in agricultural drought can at least in part be attributed to global climate change.
Needs, opportunities and challenges for crop improvement in Indonesia
Authors: Mastur  , Lestari P , Sabran M
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is one of the countries with mega diversity. However, challenges in varietal improvement might affect the national agricultural development in Indonesia. This article discusses the need for improved crops, opportunities, challenges for crop improvement and addresses strategic crops improvement by applying advanced biotechnology in Indonesia. A growing population demands increased food supply. Thus, food self-sufficiency is a strategic agricultural development program due to its broad impact. The supply of fibre, feed, and fuel is also necessary for industrial development. At present, changes in land quality and climate influence agricultural productivity, especially crop productivity and quality. Therefore, crop genetic improvement significantly contributes to increase their production. The emerging biotechnological approaches, particularly new breeding techniques involving diverse genetic resources from Indonesia, would rapidly expand the gene pool for plant improvement. Moreover, accessible information technologies along with exchanges of genetic resources through the multilateral system, offer a new direction and partnership for advanced research. However, inadequate human resources, infrastructure, low investment in long-term research and lack of collaboration and coordination among research organizations can hinder the crop improvement. Additionally, genetic erosion and genetic resources management remain a concern. As strategies to engineer crop improvement, many approaches have been centered on prioritized national strategic crops for desired traits to overcome national issues. Possible breeding techniques can be enriched by exploring new supporting technologies including molecular markers, genetic engineering and genome editing, as well as by co-development and transfer of technologies for overall development in Indonesia.
Digital sequence information–legal questions for patent, copyright, trade secret protection and sharing of genomic sequencing data
Authors: Seitz C
Published: May 2020

Advances in sciences–both in molecular biology and information technology–have enabled new understandings of genetic resources and biological processes which lead to an ongoing fundamental paradigm shift. The phenomenon of big data resulting from genomic sequencing has emerged as a consequence of next generation sequencing technologies that generate large data sets in biotechnological research. Technical progress in such big data generation and management has opened previously unprecedented possibilities for research, the development of new products and leads to a vast amount of data being generated at an unprecedented speed, ranging from the extraction of information to data analysis and interpretation. While there will always remain a reliance on genetic materials, one may observe a trend that research and development activities using genetic materials are increasingly supplemented or substituted by computerized research activities based on digital sequence information (DSI). These developments lead to a revolutionary transformation in the use of genetic resources (GR), which is currently undergoing radical changes and may be considered as a “fourth industrial revolution”. It results not only in exponential growth of generated genetic data, which may lead to innovation and new products and services, but also poses a range of new regulatory and legal questions due to its specific characteristics. The rise of big data raises specific legal challenges in terms of data ownership and intellectual property, data stewardship and governance, as well as technology transfer and licensing. One example is the question on how to regulate access and benefit-sharing for plant genetic resources and regulatory approvals for gene-edited plants as a result of new genomic technologies, which illustrates the use of DSI as an essential tool for research and development along with the requirements to exchange such information. Existing exchange mechanisms include, for instance, open-access databases and DSI platforms. Their data access and exchange policies would presumably be intended to maintain consistency with the objectives, policies and regulations of the Access and Benefit-Sharing system (ABS system). A large number of these questions are currently subject to discussions on an international, regional, as well as on a national level. This paper shall shed light on some of these questions to reflect the current and ongoing discussion on the issue and focus on the protection of DSI and address the question of the application of ABS systems to DSI.
Synergy between CBD/Nagoya Protocol and ITPGRFA on access and benefit-sharing on plant genetic
Authors: Yamamoto A
Published: May 2020

Utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) is a prerequisite for benefit-sharing. However, scientists cannot fully utilize PGR because access to their PGR has been governed by Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) on Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT). For example, plant breeders face difficulties when they hybridize PGR accessed under CBD/Nagoya Protocol (CBD/NP) with PGR received from the Multilateral System (MLS) under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). The difficulties of plant breeders could be overcome through developing a Breeding Model combining bilateral and multilateral approaches, with particular focus on transaction of PGR from in situ to ex situ. The bilateral element in the Breeding Model is expected to be acceptable by providing countries since the benefit will be shared back to them. It will also make the MLS more attractive to users since it will introduce new PGR from in situ.
Genome editing for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)–current status and future prospects
Authors: Douches D S , Nadakuduti S S , Enciso F , Carpintero N M
Published: May 2020

Genome editing has revolutionized crop improvement. For a heterozygous tetraploid and vegetatively propagated crop such as cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48), gene editing presents tremendous opportunities for trait improvement. In potato, traits such as improving cold storage and processing, herbicide tolerance, self-compatibility and modified starch quality have been targeted utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs reagents in diploid and tetraploid clones. In our research program, we have used gene editing to modify herbicide resistance, overcome self-incompatibility in diploid potatoes, and assess off-target effect of the gene editing reagents. The potential to generate transgene-free plants via genome editing coupled with a recently streamlined regulatory route by the US Department of Agriculture for plants engineered by this technology, crops with genomic resources, and established genetic transformation and regeneration procedures such as potato are in-line to benefit from the technology’s full potential. This paper summarizes the developments in genome editing platforms and delivery mechanisms applicable to various crop species with a focus on potato, a global food security crop, providing insight into current advances, challenges and future prospects of utilizing genome editing for trait improvement.
Mass genome sequencing of crops and wild relatives to accelerate crop breeding: the digital rice genebank
Authors: McNally K L , Mauleon R P , Chebotarov D , Klassen S P , Kohli A , Ye G , Leung H , Hamilton R S , Wing R A
Published: May 2020

The advent of next generation sequencing, and more recently third generation sequencing, has enabled researchers to begin interrogating the genomic information of thousands of accessions of conserved genetic resources as well as cultivated varieties. Here, we describe recent results from the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project (3K RGP) and summarize a few of the projects for other crop species. The 3K RGP has served as the catalyst to create a digital rice genebank with the intent to sequence many more of the conserved accessions held in the International Rice Genebank Collection in the coming years. We are progressing with generating high quality reference builds for the 15 subpopulations defined by the 3K RG analyses. These along with reference builds of the wild relatives will allow access to the unique genomic regions specific to particular cultivated types and wild relatives. We have also begun efforts to sequence a further 10,000 accessions of rice in collaboration with partners in China. Yet, in-depth sequence data and initial comparative bioinformatic analyses are not enough to promote efficient use. Hence, high throughput phenomic screening in multiple environments, development of novel genetic populations, computational genetics and modeling will be necessary to understand the link between genotype to phenotype and its environmental control. The combination of these approaches underpinned by computational analyses will allow identification of novel genes and alleles that can be deployed into elite varieties for sustainable crop improvement.
Integrating the intangible traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices of the Alur people of North-Western Uganda into the IP laws of Uganda
Authors: Gilbert W
Published: May 2020

Documentation of traditional knowledge about traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices is essential to prevent its erosion over time, to enable its accessibility to subsequent generations of the same community, as well as other communities to attempt value-addition and possible benefit-sharing among various stakeholders, and finally to link innovation, investment and enterprise. Therefore, in the absence of documentation, potential investors and entrepreneurs would have to bear a very high transaction cost in order to seek information about potentially viable and useful IP produced by local communities and individual innovators. The transaction cost for a community to scout potential partners for value addition would even be higher. In such a situation, a single TK documentation could be beneficial. Accordingly, Integrating Intangible Traditional Farming Knowledge and practices in the IP laws of Uganda for global opportunities is a project intended to identify, collect, organize, register or record traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices (TK), as a means to dynamically maintain, manage, use, disseminate and or protect TK (positively or defensively). It is intended to form part of a comprehensive, thought-through the process of TK documentation and, in effect to act the documented knowledge would be shared only following the directions of the provider of knowledge. Unless authorized by the provider of knowledge, it will not be shared with anyone for any purpose and will be kept in the register as a confidential entry. However, broad categories of the knowledge or practices will be shared, so that interested seekers of this knowledge can be put in touch with providers.
Community-based access and benefit-sharing platform and its role in biodiversity, culture and intellectual property rights
Authors: Atsali S S
Published: May 2020

The world is experiencing a paradigm shift towards new technical uses of genetic resources (GR), which is likely to have a significant impact on communities across the world. These new technologies comprise genome sequencing, gene editing, computational biology, nanotechnology among others, yet the technological innovation driving this shift is occurring only among a few elite, high-tech innovation actors, high-end universities, companies and research institutions. Kenya is a member of the World Trade Organizations (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights–TRIPS and party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Cartagena and Nagoya Protocols. This survey interrogated constitutional provisions concerning Biodiversity, Culture and Intellectual (BCI) property rights, with a view of promoting community-based Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) platform. It highlights provisions of Articles 11, 40.5 and 69 of the constitution and interrogates the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions Act of 2016 that aims at ensuring compliance with these constitutional provision and aims at building trust between users and providers of traditional knowledge, associated GR and traditional cultural expressions and creating a sui generis mechanism for the protection of traditional knowledge and cultural expressions. In this survey, GR are defined as microorganisms, plants and animal materials, including indigenous seeds, genetic plant varieties and traditional animal breeds.
Agronomic performance of soybean mutant lines based on preliminary and advance yield at dryland area
Authors: Asadi  , Dewi N
Published: May 2020

Since 2013, researchers at ICABIOGRAD have established a development program for soybean varieties with bigger seeds, medium maturity and high productivity through cross-pollination combined with mutation by γ irradiation. In 2016, about 36 homozygous M6 lines with high productivity and excellent agronomic characteristics were selected for subsequent preliminary and advanced yield test. The research aimed to study the agronomic performance of mutant lines (M6 and M7) and to select the best lines that will be used for adaptation testing at different locations and environments. The study was conducted at the Village of Gunung Menyan, Pamijahan Sub-district, Bogor during the first and second planting season of 2017. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. During the first planting season of 2017, a preliminary yield testing was conducted on 36 M6 lines along with 4 check varieties. For the second season, 20 lines were selected along with 4 check varieties to be tested for advanced yield testing at the same location and method. Advanced yield trial showed that nine mutant soybean lines produced higher yields with excellent agronomic performance, which were 15−26% higher than Panderman’s check varieties and 27−31% higher than the Anjasmoro check variety. The nine selected soybean line were SSD-C-M7-342-10, SSD-C-M7-350-18, SSD-D-M7-372-14, SSD-E-M7-387-1, Bulk-C-M7-458, Bulk-C-M7-493-1, Bulk-C-M7-493-20, Bulk-C-M7-499 and SSD-E-M7-404-18. These selected lines will be further assayed for adaptation at different locations and environments in the following year.
Point mutation of ITS-nrDNA sequences as specific markers of three durian species: Durio zibethinus, D. kutejensis and D. lowianus
Authors: Santoso P J , Pancoro A
Published: May 2020

Molecular markers are considered more efficient tools than morphological markers for species identification. This research aimed to get specific molecular markers among three durian species Durio zibhetinus, D. kutejensis and D. lowianus using ITS-nrDNA sequences. A number of 139, 7 and 1 ITS sequences of D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis and D. lowianus, respectively, were used in this experiment. Each group of sequences was then aligned to make one consensus sequence. In order to identify the point mutations, the aligned sequences were cut with restriction enzyme in silico using Genious ver. 7 software. The simulations found that each consensus sequences has different point mutation forming different restriction site. Consensus sequences of D. zibethinus has EcoR1 site on base number 280, D. kutejensis has Ama871 site on base number 394 and D. lowianus has Aco1 site on base number 135. These signals could be used as specific markers for the three durian species.
Functional analysis of an appressorium-spesific gene from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Priyatno T P , Bakar F D A , Redzuan R A , Mahadi N M , Murad A M A
Published: May 2020

A novel gene (CAS2) specifically expressed during appressorium formation was isolated from Colletotrichum gleosporioides using Differential Display RT-PCR. CAS2 comprises 368 deduced amino acid residues and is 50% identical to a hypothetical protein from Chaetomium globosum. ProtFun 2.2 server analysis predicted that Cas2 functions as a transport and binding protein. Based on putative transmembrane domain prediction software (HMMTOP), Cas2 protein is composed of five alpha-helical transmembrane domains with a very short external N-terminus tail and long internal C-terminus. ExPASy ScanProsite analysis showed the presence of integrin beta chain cysteine-rich domain, N-myristoylation site, EGF-like domain, 2Fe-2S ferredoxins, iron-sulfur binding region, VWFC domain, fungal hydrophobins signature, membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site and Janus-faced atracotoxin (J-ACTX) family signature in CAS2 protein. Mutants with deleted CAS2 were not significantly different in terms of vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressoria production compared to wild type. However, the cas2 mutant produced multipolar germination, a feature which distinguishes it from wild type strain. Interestingly, the mutant is non-virulent to mango fruits, indicating that CAS2 may encode proteins that function as novel virulence factors in fungal pathogens.
Genetic improvement of Aceh local rice variety Sikuneng to produce green super rice lines adaptive to abiotic stresses
Authors: Efendi  , Bakhtiar  , Muyassir  , Hakim L
Published: May 2020

The high genetic diversity of rice landraces of Aceh has great potential to contribute to the world’s food security program in the future, especially in adapting to climate changes and environmental degradation. The objective of this research was to develop a new superior rice line adaptive to abiotic stress and maintains high productivity despite limited agricultural inputs. An Aceh’s local variety, Sikuneng, was artificially crossed with an isogenic line IRBB27 and the F1 plants were self-pollinated for two generations. The F3 lines were cultivated in drought stress and high salinity conditions with the application of aerobic rice system and flash irrigation. It was discovered that the F3 lines showed significantly improved plant height, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, grain weight per plant and grain yield potential per hectare. The plant height of the F3 lines varied from 98 to 192 cm, whereas the plant height of Sikuneng was 172 cm. The number of panicles of F3 lines ranged from 10.3 to 43.5, whereas Sikuneng had only 8.7 panicles. The panicle length of F3 lines ranged from 23.9 to 47.3 cm and Sikuneng had only 28.1 cm of panicle length. The grain weight per plant of F3 lines varied from 69.8 to 196.7 g, in contrast to the grain weight of Sikuneng which was 64.5 g. The weight of 1,000 grains of F3 lines ranged from 21.0 to 34.9 g, whereas that of Sikuneng was 26.9 g. While the yield potential of Sikuneng was 7.6 t/ha, the yield potential of the F3 lines varied from 7.2 to 13.9 t/ha. The highest yield potential was shown by Skn-68-1 line. Further evaluation and selection process need to be conducted in the next generations until the improved characters of the new lines are stable.
Agronomic performance of several doubled-haploid lines derived from anther culture of black rice × white rice
Authors: Dewi I S , Suhartini T , Risliawati A , Azmi Y , Purwoko B S
Published: May 2020

Black rice is a well-known type of rice in Indonesia, but its availability is still limited. So far, only one black rice variety that has been released by rice breeders. Recently, public demand for black rice increases due to its health benefits. Therefore, the development of new variety of black rice is needed. Anther culture is often used to accelerate the process in obtaining homozygous lines in the form of doubled-haploid (DH) plants for rice breeding. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of several DH lines derived from anther culture. The experiment was conducted at Sukamandi, West Java, during the dry season of 2017. Plant materials used in this study were 13 DH lines derived from anther culture of F1s and five improved varieties as control. The F1s were obtained from crosses between local black rice Melik with two white rice varieties, Inpari 13 or Fatmawati. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observation was conducted on plant height, number of productive tiller, days to flower, days to harvest, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, number of filled and empty grain number per panicle, yield, and pericarp color. The results showed that plant height, number of tillers, yield and yield components of DH lines were significantly different compared to some of the control varieties. Ten DH lines were similar in yield compared to Inpari 13, but five of them produced higher yield than Inpari 13. Days to flower of DH lines and control varieties were similar (75–89 days). The pericarp color of DH lines varies from dark purple to reddish-brown (maroon).
In silico identification of three putative SWEET genes in Metroxylon sagu
Authors: Putranto R A , Martiansyah I , Sari D A
Published: May 2020

Recent studies have identified Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET), a novel type of sugar transporters in diverse plant species. This gene family selectively transports different kinds of sugar substrates, including sucrose, fructose and glucose. In this paper, three Metroxylon sagu SWEET genes (MsSWEET-X, MsSWEET-Y and MsSWEET-Z), predicted to be involved in starch accumulation, were identified from the NCBI EST database. A comparative analysis was carried out against Arabidopsis thaliana TAIR and Elaeis guineensis NCBI genome databases resulting in amino acid residues similarity of three MsSWEET genes of 21.32 to 76.25 %. One full-length coding sequence (CDS) of 229 amino acids from MsSWEET-X has been annotated as opposed to the partial CDSs from the other two. Three types of putative protein domains (Calreticulin, Glycosyl hydrolases and Triose-phosphate transporter) were predicted for MsSWEET-X, MsSWEET-Y and MsSWEET-Z, respectively. Multiple Alignment sing Fast Fourier Transform (MAFFT) has identified three conserved amino acid motifs (Motif-A, Motif-B and Motif-C) among three compared species. Phylogenetic analysis using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation has revealed two genes AtCRT3 and MsSWEET-X at the upstream of initial tree branches (0.17 and 0.12 length) showing their early evolutionary orthology. By contrast, MsSWEET-Y gene was predicted to be the latest homolog of SWEET16 and SWEET17 undergoing speciation events from both Arabidopsis and oil palm. Taken together, these results showed that even though the oil palm and sago palm shared the common ancestry of monocotyledonous family, their SWEET genes were divergent. The gene MsSWEET-X was highly close to its homolog in Arabidopsis.
CRISPR/Cas9 system for disruption of biochemical pathway for sterol synthesis in Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Koerniati S , Simanjuntak G
Published: May 2020

WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapy for curing malaria which is still a health problem in Indonesia. Artemisia annua L. is the primary source for artemisinin comes from subtropical China and India. Some introduction materials are grown in Indonesia, but they produce low concentration of artemisinin. Artemisinin synthesis uses the isoprenoid pathway, in which farnesyl diphospate (FDP) serves as the main precursor. FDP is the main precursor for sterol synthesis as well. The gene controls sterol biosynthesis is Squalene synthase (SQS). So then SQS is considered a competitive gene for artemisinin biosynthesis. CRISPR/cas9 is the most advanced system for genome editing, and can be used to induce a targeted-mutation. The aim of this research was to elevate Artemisinin content through disruption of the biochemical pathway of sterol synthesis using CRISPR/Cas9. Materials and methods used were as follows. Artemisia CRISPR/Cas9 seeds were processed and grown in selection medium and then soil. Seventy-seven Artemisia kanamycin resistant lines were produced. Fifty-two (of 77) lines were confirmed to have T-DNA by PCR with SQS-Fn and SQS-Rn primers, produced about 710 bp DNA fragment. By using SQS-Fs and SQS-Rs primers, those produced shorter DNA fragments (about 470 bp). A high-resolution electrophoresis QIAxcel was applied to identify for any nucleotide difference occured in PCR product of lines. Results showed that 44 lines (84.61%) have varied sizes with one to three nucleotides differences compared to control (plasmid, 468 bp). By assuming this analysis was right, it may be said that mutations has occured in SQS gene of Artemisia lines due to the CRISPR/Cas9.
Current status of Aceh jernang (Daemonorops sp.) and its traditional conservation efforts
Authors: Andini R , Ismullah F , Bakri S , Sulaiman M I , Anhar A
Published: May 2020

Dragon’s blood or ‘jernang’ (in Indonesian language) is referred to the deep and bright red resin obtained from the seeds of rattan palm (Daemonorops). Three species of this genus, i.e. D. draco (Willd.) Blume, D. didymophilla and D. Micracantha, are highly value commodity due to their larger fruits and longer fructescences. Dragon’s blood has been known in the traditional ancient Chinese medicines as haemostatic agent, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Particularly the dracorhodin, a valuable bioactive substance, is closely associated with antitumour and wound healing activity and other industrial need. The distribution of Daemonorops is limited to Malaysia, Thailand and western Indonesia, especially in Sumatra. Harvesting D. draco seeds has been served as traditional livelihood for some local tribes and farmers in Aceh Province. Resin extracted from Aceh jernang is classified as excellent due to higher content of dracorhodin, but its processing method is still conducted in a very traditional way. The forests in Aceh are suitable for jernang to thrive, but jernang population is decreasing due to deforestation and inappropriate harvesting. Unless conservation efforts are done, jernang might extinct in the near future. Over the past few years, some local farmers have realized the importance of jernang in their livelihoods, and hence they take part in the conservation. This paper dealt with the efforts between a local jernang company, CV Draco Industrial Agribusiness (DIA Group), with Unsyiah in the traditional jernang conservation program.
Construction of DNA fingerprint for chili pepper varieties using SNAP markers
Authors: Terryana R T , Rijzaani H , Priyatno T P , Manzila I , Lestari P
Published: May 2020

Establishing the genetic identity of crop varieties has been considered essential for protecting plant breeder and farmer rights, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. DNA fingerprint using molecular markers is important to give an unambiguous characteristic pattern as a valuable tool for genetic identification. In this study, eight Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) markers were developed and applied to fingerprint 23 varieties of chili pepper. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) detected in each primer ranged from 0.14 to 0.36 with an average of 0.17. The average of gene diversity was 0.20 among all varieties for total SNAP markers. A phylogenetic tree was subsequently constructed based on their genotypic scores for selected six markers, which separated the 23 varieties into three major groups. The cluster consisted of 2, 5 or 16 varieties. The DNA fingerprints were translated into capital letters representing presence and absence of allele, and they revealed the specific identity of five varieties. A number of varieties possessed the same DNA fingerprint profiles indicating their close genetic distance. Eventhough these SNAP markers were not able to distinguish each variety according to its unique allelic composition, this study could serve as preliminary information to establish genetic fingerprints of chili pepper varieties in Indonesia. Similar studies in the future will benefit from the SNAP found in this study.
Genetic diversity of local red rice cultivars collections of Yogyakarta AIAT, Indonesia based on morphological character
Authors: Kristamtini  , Widyayanti S , Purwaningsih H
Published: May 2020

Identification of local red rice was important to study for genetic diversity. The objective of the study was to identify the morphological characteristics to estime the genetic diversity and heritability in the broad sense of 11 local red rice cultivars. The quantitative data (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of productive tillers, panicle length, 1,000-grain weight and number of grain per panicle) were measured by their CVg values for determining their relationships and heritability. The results can be used for parent selection in a breeding program. Results showed that the number of productive tillers, leaf length and the number of grain content per panicle for 11 local red rice from Yogyakarta were efficient and effective characters in selection because the characters have wide of the coefficient of variation genetics and high heritability value.