bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic dysfunction in the 3xTg-AD mice model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gloria Yesica , Ceyzériat Kelly , Tsartsalis Stergios , Millet Philippe , Tournier Benjamin B.
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles accumulation, accompanied by neuroinflammation. With all the therapeutic attempts targeting these biomarkers having been unsuccessful, the understanding of early mechanisms involved in the pathology is of paramount importance. Dopaminergic system involvement in AD has been suggested, particularly through the appearance of dopaminergic dysfunction-related neuropsychiatric symptoms and an overall worsening of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. In this study, we reported an early dopaminergic dysfunction in a mouse model presenting both amyloid and Tau pathology. 3xTg-AD mice showed an increase of postsynaptic D2/3R receptors density in the striatum and D2/3-autoreceptors in SN/VTA cell bodies. Functionally, a reduction of anxiety-like behavior, an increase in locomotor activity and D2R hyper-sensitivity to quinpirole stimulation have been observed. In addition, microglial cells in the striatum showed an early inflammatory response, suggesting its participation in dopaminergic alterations. These events are observed at an age when tau accumulation and Aβ deposits in the hippocampus are low. Thus, our results suggest that early dopaminergic dysfunction could have consequences in behavior and cognitive function, and may shed light on future therapeutic pathways of AD.
Optimized design for illusion device by genetic algorithm
Authors: Yu Zhenzhong , Yang Zhong , Zhang Yan , Wang Yizhi , Hu Xingliu , Tian Xiaomin
Published: September 2021

The illusion device developed from the scattering cancellation employs very simple homogeneous and isotropic materials, but this device is only valid for electrically small objects. In this paper, we prove that the illusion device optimized by genetic algorithm can be applied to large-scale occasions. For an electrically small target, an optimized core–shell illusion device can achieve better illusion effect than the analytical design based on the scattering cancellation. With the increase of the device size, the ability of the single-layered shell to manipulate the scattering is very limited. For a moderate-size target, two optimized multi-layered examples are presented: one is to make a dielectric cylinder appear as another dielectric target, and the other is to make a conducting cylinder behave like a double-negative-material target. The full-wave simulations are carried out to visualize the similar field distributions of the target and the optimized multi-layered design. This optimized design greatly widens the size application range of the illusion device and can also improve the illusion performance with simple material parameters.
Theoretical and experimental study of interaction of macroheterocyclic compounds with ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lebedeva Natalia Sh. , Gubarev Yury A. , Mamardashvili Galina M. , Zaitceva Svetlana V. , Zdanovich Sergey A. , Malyasova Alena S. , Romanenko Julia V. , Koifman Mikhail O. , Koifman Oskar I.
Published: September 2021

The pandemic infectious disease (Covid-19) caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) is spreading rapidly around the world. Covid-19 does an irreparable harm to the health and life of people. It also has a negative financial impact on the economies of most countries of the world. In this regard, the issue of creating drugs aimed at combating this disease is especially acute. In this work, molecular docking was used to study the docking of 23 compounds with QRF3a SARS-CoV2. The performed in silico modeling made it possible to identify leading compounds capable of exerting a potential inhibitory and virucidal effect. The leading compounds include chlorin (a drug used in PDT), iron(III)protoporphyrin (endogenous porphyrin), and tetraanthraquinone porphyrazine (an exogenous substance). Having taken into consideration the localization of ligands in the QRF3a SARS-CoV2, we have made an assumption about their influence on the pathogenesis of Covid-19. The interaction of chlorin, iron(III)protoporphyrin and protoporphyrin with the viral protein ORF3a were studied by fluorescence and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The obtained experimental results confirm the data of molecular docking. The results showed that a viral protein binds to endogenous porphyrins and chlorins, moreover, chlorin is a competitive ligand for endogenous porphyrins. Chlorin should be considered as a promising drug for repurposing.
Integrating molecular profiles into clinical frameworks through the Molecular Oncology Almanac to prospectively guide precision oncology
Authors: Reardon Brendan , Moore Nathanael D. , Moore Nicholas S. , Kofman Eric , AlDubayan Saud H. , Cheung Alexander T. M. , Conway Jake , Elmarakeby Haitham , Imamovic Alma , Kamran Sophia C. , Keenan Tanya , Keliher Daniel , Konieczkowski David J. , Liu David , Mouw Kent W. , Park Jihye , Vokes Natalie I. , Dietlein Felix , Van Allen Eliezer M.
Published: September 2021

Tumor molecular profiling of single gene-variant (‘first-order’) genomic alterations informs potential therapeutic approaches. Interactions between such first-order events and global molecular features (for example, mutational signatures) are increasingly associated with clinical outcomes, but these ‘second-order’ alterations are not yet accounted for in clinical interpretation algorithms and knowledge bases. We introduce the Molecular Oncology Almanac (MOAlmanac), a paired clinical interpretation algorithm and knowledge base to enable integrative interpretation of multimodal genomic data for point-of-care decision making and translational-hypothesis generation. We benchmarked MOAlmanac to a first-order interpretation method across multiple retrospective cohorts and observed an increased number of clinical hypotheses from evaluation of molecular features and profile-to-cell line matchmaking. When applied to a prospective precision oncology trial cohort, MOAlmanac nominated a median of two therapies per patient and identified therapeutic strategies administered in 47% of patients. Overall, we present an open-source computational method for integrative clinical interpretation of individualized molecular profiles.
Multifunctional dendritic molecular probe for selective detection of Cu2+ ions using potentiometric and fluorometric techniques
Authors: Sheet Partha Sarathi , Park Suji , Sengupta Pavel , Koley Dipankar
Published: September 2021

We have designed and synthesized a multifunctional dendritic molecular probe that selectively detects Cu2+ ions via potentiometric and fluorometric techniques with low detection limits (3.5 μM in potentiometry, 15 nM in fluorometry).
Development of a simple and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for quantification of vitamin B12 fortified in infant food
Authors: Fan Dingyan , Zhang Yingzhou , Wu Haiping
Published: September 2021

A method for determination of vitamin B12 in infant food was developed with HPLC-DAD. The sensitivity of DAD was enhanced by a factor of up to 10 with implementing a 60 mm high-sensitivity LightPipe flow cell.
A photoelectrochemical biosensor based on SnO2 nanoparticles for phosphatidylcholine detection in soybean oil
Authors: Song Yang , Yao Jing , Wang Ruiying , Wang Cuntang , Zhao Yue , Wang Liqi
Published: September 2021

A novel photoelectrochemical biosensor based on SnO2 nanoparticles was developed for detection of phosphatidylcholine in soybean oil.
Exploration of semiconducting properties of Zn(ii)- and Cd(ii)-based coordination polymers with dicarboxylate of a chair-type backbone
Authors: Akhtaruzzaman  , Pal Baishakhi , Khan Samim , Dutta Basudeb , Naaz Sanobar , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: September 2021

This study highlights the comparison of electrical properties and device applications of d10 metal ion based coordination polymers.
Self-assembling, structure and nonlinear optical properties of fluorescent organic nanoparticles in water
Authors: Lescos Laurie , Beaujean Pierre , Tonnelé Claire , Aurel Philippe , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Rodriguez Vincent , de Wergifosse Marc , Champagne Benoît , Muccioli Luca , Castet Frédéric
Published: September 2021

The spontaneous formation and second harmonic scattering responses of amorphous nanoparticles based on organic dipolar dyes in water solution are rationalized by combining molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations.
B-Doped 2D-InSe as a bifunctional catalyst for CO2/CH4separation under the regulation of an external electric field
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Xi Menghui , Huo Jinrong , He Chaozheng
Published: September 2021

B@2DInSe is a promising bifunctional catalyst that can separate CO2and CH4in response to different electric fields (EFs). Moreover, it can also predict the required EF directly based on functions plotted betweenEad[CO2/CH4] and the EF.
Sulforaphane inhibits the production of Aβ partially through the activation of Nrf2-regulated oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Shunxi , Zhao Jiahe , Bai Zhihuai , Luo Lina , Wu Fan , Li Baolong , Shan Yujuan
Published: September 2021

SFN improved the abilities of learning and memory and weakened the accumulation of Aβ through Nrf2-stimulated antioxidant systems, bothin vivoandin vitro.
(C2H5NH3)3[InBr6]: an indium(iii) organic–inorganic hybrid phase transition compound exhibiting a switchable dielectric response
Authors: Zhang Yin-Qiang , Xu Guan-Cheng , Luo Yan
Published: September 2021

The organic–inorganic hybrid compound (C2H5NH3)3[InBr6] undergoes a phase transition at 248/253 K, and exhibits a switchable dielectric response. The phase transition is associated with the order–disorder changes of ethylammonium cations.
Topological unraveling of the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction between N-methylphenylnitrone and styrene catalyzed by the chromium tricarbonyl complex using electron localization function and catastrophe theory
Authors: Adjieufack Abel Idrice , Moto Ongagna Jean , Kenmogne Tchidjo Joseline Flore , Mbouombouo Ndassa Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

We have investigated the reaction mechanisms of [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) between N-methylphenylnitrone and styrene catalyzed by the chromium tricarbonyl complex at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level of approximation.
Well-defined Co9S8 cages enable the separation of photoexcited charges to promote visible-light CO2 reduction
Authors: Lin Xiahui , Xie Zidong , Su Bo , Zheng Mei , Dai Wenxin , Hou Yidong , Ding Zhengxin , Lin Wei , Fang Yuanxing , Wang Sibo
Published: September 2021

Well-defined Co9S8 cages with high performance for boosting photo-induced charge separation and transfer are first exploited to promote visible-light CO2 reduction.
Constructing urchin-like Ni3S2@Ni3B on Ni plate as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting reaction
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Yin Junqiang , Jiang Wei , Li Hongji , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo
Published: September 2021

Urchin-like Ni3S2@Ni3B is constructed, which has excellent water splitting ability even at large current densities.
A spontaneously healable robust ABA tri-block polyacrylate elastomer with a multiphase structure
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Guo Zijian , Liu Zongxu , Qiu Shuai , Li Chunmei , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: September 2021

Multiphase structural designed acrylate elastomer capable of autonomously repairing structures and restoring functions upon damage was developed via an effective method, realizing good mechanical properties.
Blue light driven free-radical polymerization using arylazo sulfones as initiators
Authors: Nitti Andrea , Martinelli Angelo , Batteux Fabrice , Protti Stefano , Fagnoni Maurizio , Pasini Dario
Published: September 2021

The polymerization of a broad range of electron-poor olefins has been achieved under free-radical conditions by using arylazo sulfones as visible light photoinitiators.
A cascade strategy towards the direct synthesis of green polyesters with versatile functional groups
Authors: Wan Xueting , Jiang Jian , Tu Yanyan , Xu Siyuan , Li Jing , Lu Huanjun , Li Zhikai , Xiong Lianhu , Li Xiaohong , Zhao Youliang , Tu Yingfeng
Published: September 2021

The cascade coupling of ROP and CP enables the facile synthesis of high functional group content biodegradable polyesters.
A universal strategy for preparing carbon quantum dot-based composites with blue and green afterglow luminescence
Authors: Zhu Yaqing , Bai Jianliang , Huang Zhujun , Yuan Guojun , Zhang Lu , Wang Xinyu , Ren Lili
Published: September 2021

Afterglow materials, such as room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) or delayed fluorescence (DF) materials, have been paid lots of attention due to their unique optical properties and great potential applications.
Preparation of acid aluminum phosphate solutions for metakaolin phosphate geopolymer binder
Authors: Yankwa Djobo Jean Noël , Nkwaju Rachel Yanou
Published: September 2021

The acid aluminum phosphate solutions having the molar ratio Al/P of 1/3 are the most reactive and give rise to phosphate geopolymer with improved compressive strength. as compared to phosphate geopolymer obtained with pure phosphoric acid.
Interaction of borohydride stabilized silver nanoparticles with sulfur-containing organophosphates
Authors: Shikha Shalini , Dureja Samit , Sapra Rachit , Babu Jisha , Haridas V. , Pattanayek Sudip K.
Published: September 2021

Understanding the interaction between borohydride ion stabilized Ag nanoparticles and sulfur bearing organophosphates is the key to developing cost-effective colorimetric pesticide detection technology.
Late-stage modification of peptides and proteins at cysteine with diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Byrne Stephen A. , Bedding Max J. , Corcilius Leo , Ford Daniel J. , Zhong Yichen , Franck Charlotte , Larance Mark , Mackay Joel P. , Payne Richard J.
Published: September 2021

New operationally simple platform for the chemoselective arylation of cysteine in peptides and proteins to access a variety of high value bioconjugates.
Molecular basis for acyl carrier protein–ketoreductase interaction in trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases
Authors: Passmore Munro , Gallo Angelo , Lewandowski Józef R. , Jenner Matthew
Published: September 2021

The interaction epitope between a cognate KR–ACP domain pairing from a trans-AT polyketide synthase is elucidated in molecular detail, providing unique insights into recognition and specificity of the interface.
The 100 facets of the Passerini reaction
Authors: Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Lambruschini Chiara , Moni Lisa , Riva Renata
Published: September 2021

This perspective aims at celebrating the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Passerini three component reaction.
Comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in dye-sensitised photoelectrochemical cells for alcohol oxidation coupled to dihydrogen formation
Authors: Bruggeman D. F. , Mathew S. , Detz R. J. , Reek J. N. H.
Published: September 2021

Dye-sensitised photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) for light-driven oxidative organic reactions and simultaneous reductive hydrogen production are reported, using TEMPO as catalyst/mediator either in homogeneous phase or immobilized on the electrode.
Silica hairy nanoparticles: a promising material for self-assembling processes
Authors: Tripaldi Laura , Callone Emanuela , D’Arienzo Massimiliano , Dirè Sandra , Giannini Luca , Mascotto Simone , Meyer Andreas , Scotti Roberto , Tadiello Luciano , Di Credico Barbara
Published: September 2021

“Hairy” nanoparticles (HNPs),i.e.inorganic nanoparticles functionalized with polymer chains, are promising building blocks for the synthesis of advanced nanocomposite (NC) materials having several technological applications.
A generic force field for simulating native protein structures using dissipative particle dynamics
Authors: Vaiwala Rakesh , Ayappa K. Ganapathy
Published: September 2021

This work presents a coarse-grained force field for simulating native structures of peptides and proteins using dissipative particle dynamics.
Regulation of the backbone structure and optoelectrical properties of bis-pyridal[2,1,3]thiadiazole-based ambipolar semiconducting polymers via a fluorination strategy
Authors: Tao Xin , Liu Yanwei , Du Lulu , Yan Yongkun , Wu Zeng , Zhao Yan , Guo Yunlong , Chen Huajie , Liu Yunqi
Published: September 2021

A facile fluorination strategy is used to build a coplanar, π-extended bis-pyridal[2,1,3]thiadiazole-containing ambipolar polymer, which exhibits improved ambipolar mobilities compared with its analogue without fluorine substituents.
Cryo-EM structure of the monomeric Rhodobacter sphaeroides RC–LH1 core complex at 2.5 Å
Authors: Qian Pu , Swainsbury David J.K. , Croll Tristan I. , Salisbury Jack H. , Martin Elizabeth C. , Jackson Philip J. , Hitchcock Andrew , Castro-Hartmann Pablo , Sader Kasim , Hunter C. Neil
Published: September 2021

Reaction centre light-harvesting 1 (RC–LH1) complexes are the essential components of bacterial photosynthesis. The membrane-intrinsic LH1 complex absorbs light and the energy migrates to an enclosed RC where a succession of electron and proton transfers conserves the energy as a quinol, which is exported to the cytochrome bc1 complex. In some RC–LH1 variants quinols can diffuse through small pores in a fully circular, 16-subunit LH1 ring, while in others missing LH1 subunits create a gap for quinol export. We used cryogenic electron microscopy to obtain a 2.5 Å resolution structure of one such RC–LH1, a monomeric complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The structure shows that the RC is partly enclosed by a 14-subunit LH1 ring in which each αβ heterodimer binds two bacteriochlorophylls and, unusually for currently reported complexes, two carotenoids rather than one. Although the extra carotenoids confer an advantage in terms of photoprotection and light harvesting, they could impede passage of quinones through small, transient pores in the LH1 ring, necessitating a mechanism to create a dedicated quinone channel. The structure shows that two transmembrane proteins play a part in stabilising an open ring structure; one of these components, the PufX polypeptide, is augmented by a hitherto undescribed protein subunit we designate as protein-Y, which lies against the transmembrane regions of the thirteenth and fourteenth LH1α polypeptides. Protein-Y prevents LH1 subunits 11–14 adjacent to the RC QB site from bending inwards towards the RC and, with PufX preventing complete encirclement of the RC, this pair of polypeptides ensures unhindered quinone diffusion.
Multiple accelerated particle populations in the Cygnus Loop with Fermi-LAT
Authors: Tutone A. , Ballet J. , Acero F. , D’Aì A. , Cusumano G.
Published: September 2021

Context. The Cygnus Loop (G74.0-8.5) is a very well-known nearby supernova remnant (SNR) in our Galaxy. Thanks to its large size, brightness, and angular offset from the Galactic plane, it has been studied in detail from radio to γ-ray emission. The γ-rays probe the populations of energetic particles and their acceleration mechanisms at low shock speeds.

Aims. We present an analysis of the γ-ray emission detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope over 11 yr in the region of the Cygnus Loop.

Methods. We performed detailed morphological and spectral studies of the γ-ray emission toward the remnant from 100 MeV to 100 GeV and compared it with X-ray, UV, optical, and radio images. The higher statistics with respect to the previous studies enabled us to decompose the emission from the remnant into two morphological components to model its nonthermal multiwavelength emission.

Results. The extended γ-ray emission is well correlated with the thermal X-ray and UV emission of the SNR. Our morphological analysis reveals that a model considering two contributions from the X-ray and the UV emission regions is the best description of the γ-ray data. Both components show a curved spectrum, but the X-ray component is softer and more curved than the UV component, suggesting a different physical origin. The multiwavelength modeling of emission toward the SNR suggests that the nonthermal radio and γ-ray emission associated with the UV component is mostly due to the reacceleration of preexisting cosmic rays by radiative shocks in the adjacent clouds, while the nonthermal emission associated with the X-ray component arises from freshly accelerated cosmic rays.
Three-dimensional phase field model for actin-based cell membrane dynamics
Authors: Abu Hamed Mohammad , Nepomnyashchy Alexander A.
Published: September 2021

The interface dynamics of a 3D cell immersed in a 3D extracellular matrix is investigated. We suggest a 3D generalization of a known 2D minimal phase field model suggested in Ziebertet al.[J. R. Soc. Interface9(2012) 1084–1092] for the description of keratocyte motility. Our model consists of two coupled evolution equations for the order parameter and a three-dimensional vector field describing the actin network polarization (orientation). We derive a closed evolutionary integro-differential equation governing the interface dynamics of a 3D cell. The equation includes the normal velocity of the membrane, its curvature, cell volume relaxation, and a parameter that is determined by the non-equilibrium effects in the cytoskeleton. This equation can be considered as a 3D generalization of the 2D case that was studied in Abu Hamed and Nepomnyashchy [Physica D408(2020)].
Mechanism, Functions, and Diagnostic Relevance of FXII Activation by Foreign Surfaces
Authors: Konrath Sandra , Mailer Reiner K. , Renné Thomas
Published: September 2021

Factor XII (FXII) is a serine protease zymogen produced by hepatocytes and secreted into plasma. The highly glycosylated coagulation protein consists of six domains and a proline-rich region that regulate activation and function. Activation of FXII results from a conformational change induced by binding (“contact”) with negatively charged surfaces. The activated serine protease FXIIa drives both the proinflammatory kallikrein–kinin pathway and the procoagulant intrinsic coagulation cascade, respectively. Deficiency in FXII is associated with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) but not with an increased bleeding tendency. However, genetic or pharmacological deficiency impairs both arterial and venous thrombosis in experimental models. This review summarizes current knowledge of FXII structure, mechanisms of FXII contact activation, and the importance of FXII for diagnostic coagulation testing and thrombosis.
Intracellular ATP Signaling Contributes to FAM3A-Induced PDX1
Upregulation in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Yan Han , Chen Zhenzhen , Zhang Haizeng , Yang Weili , Liu Xiangyang , Meng Yuhong , Xiang Rui , Wu Zhe , Ye Jingjing , Chi Yujing , Yang Jichun
Published: September 2021

FAM3A is a recently identified mitochondrial protein that stimulates
pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) and insulin expressions by promoting ATP
release in islet β cells. In this study, the role of intracellular ATP
in FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression in pancreatic β cells was further
examined. Acute FAM3A inhibition using siRNA transfection in mouse pancreatic
islets significantly reduced PDX1 expression, impaired insulin secretion, and
caused glucose intolerance in normal mice. In vitro, FAM3A overexpression
elevated both intracellular and extracellular ATP contents and promoted PDX1
expression and insulin secretion. FAM3A-induced increase in cellular calcium
(Ca2+) levels, PDX1 expression, and insulin secretion,
while these were significantly repressed by inhibitors of P2 receptors or the
L-type Ca2+ channels. FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression was
abolished by a calmodulin inhibitor. Likewise, FAM3A-induced β-cell
proliferation was also inhibited by a P2 receptor inhibitor and an L-type
Ca2+ channels inhibitor. Both intracellular and
extracellular ATP contributed to FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression, insulin
secretion, and proliferation of pancreatic β cells.
Das AEIOU-Modell: Gesundheitsverhalten mit Erkenntnissen der
Verhaltenswissenschaften effektiv in der Praxis steuern
Authors: Krisam Mathias , Kuhn Eva
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Arbeit Der Einsatz von Verhaltenswissenschaften (engl.
‚Behavioural Insights (BI)̒) erhält zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit in
der deutschen Gesundheitslandschaft. Englischsprachige Modelle geben
Hilfestellung in der Anwendung von Erkenntnissen der Verhaltenswissenschaften.
Allerdings gibt es bisher noch kein Modell, welches (1) spezifisch für
den Gesundheitsbereich geeignet ist und (2) auf deutscher Sprache aufbaut. Ziel
war deshalb die Entwicklung eines umfassenden deutschsprachigen
verhaltenswissenschaftlich basierten Modells für Maßnahmen zur
Änderung des Gesundheitsverhaltens.

Methodik Die Entwicklungsbasis bilden die beiden Modelle MINDSPACE und
EAST, sowie eigene Praxiserfahrungen der Autor*innen.

Ergebnisse Das entwickelte AEIOU-Modell besteht aus fünf
Kategorien mit insgesamt 20 Instrumenten. Die Kategorien umfassen (1) Ansprache,
(2) Einfachheit, (3) Incentivierung, (4) Orientierung sowie (5)
Unmittelbarkeit.

Schlussfolgerung Das AEIOU-Modell bildet die Grundlage für die
erste deutschsprachige Zusammenstellung von möglichen
verhaltenswissenschaftlich basierten Anwendungen bei der Entwicklung von
Interventionen im Gesundheitsbereich. Das Modell soll nun in der Praxis erprobt
und auf seinen Nutzen getestet werden.
Improvement of Chronic Wound Healing by Pre-activated Bone Marrow
Cells with Sodium Nitroprusside in Rabbits
Authors: Fatima Nazira , Saleem Muhammad , Shahbaz Umar
Published: September 2021

Aim of study This study investigated whether pre-activated bone marrow
cells with sodium nitro prusside have effectiveness in the inhibition of
diabetic wound healing in diabetic rabbits. In diabetic skin disorders and
conditions involved redox state disturbances. The aim was to determine the
effect of two minimum dosages of sodium nitro prusside, and its’
potential with bone marrow cells for chronic wound healing in-vivo.

Methods Full-thickness skin dorsal wounds were created on diabetic
rabbits. The effects of two minimum concentrations of sodium nitro prusside
solution with bone marrow cells on wound healing were studied. The useful
combination of sodium nitro prusside with bone marrow cells on wound repair may
be attributed to its functional influences on inflammation, angiogenesis, cell
proliferation, matrix deposition, and remodeling.

Results The in-vivo experiments confirmed that pre-activated bone marrow
cells contributed to wound healing by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing
proliferation and migration, decreasing apoptosis. In histological results,
improved collagen deposition, enhanced re-epithelization, angiogenesis, and
decreased inflammatory infiltration were also detected in wound biopsies.

Conclusions For the treatment of chronic wounds, cell-based therapy was an
attractive approach. Bone marrow cells have a low ability to differentiate
various types of cells or late healing without pretreatment. So it was needed to
increase their potency of differentiation. The transplantation of pretreated
bone marrow cells with a prime quantity of sodium nitro prusside solution
improved chronic wound healing with a greater level of growth factors and a
minimum level of oxidative stress.
Positionspapier: Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Omalizumab bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi (CRSwNP) im deutschen Gesundheitssystem – Empfehlungen des Ärzteverbandes Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) und der AGs Klinische Immunologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin und Rhinologie und Rhinochirurgie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNOKHC)
Authors: Klimek L. , Förster-Ruhrmann U. , Beule A. G. , Chaker A. M. , Hagemann J. , Huppertz T. , Hoffmann T. K. , Dazert S. , Deitmer T. , Olze H. , Strieth S. , Wrede H. , Schlenter W. , Welkoborsky H. J. , Wollenberg B. , Becker S. , Rudack C. , Wagenmann M. , Bergmann C. , Bachert C.
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) ist eine multifaktorielle entzündliche Erkrankung der paranasalen Schleimhäute, der als Endotyp meistens eine TH2-Inflammation zugrunde liegt. IgE-Antikörper spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Der anti-IgE-Antikörper Omalizumab wurde im August 2020 für die Therapie der schweren CRSwNP zugelassen.

Methoden In einer Literatursuche wurde die Immunologie der CRSwNP analysiert und die Evidenz zur Wirkung von Omalizumab bei dieser Erkrankung ermittelt durch Recherchen in Medline, Pubmed sowie den nationalen und internationalen Studien- und Leitlinien-Registern und der Cochrane Library.

Ergebnisse Basierend auf diesen Angaben aus der internationalen Literatur werden von einem Expertengremium Empfehlungen für die Anwendung von Omalizumab bei CRSwNP im deutschen Gesundheitssystem gegeben.

Schlussfolgerung Omalizumab ist zugelassen für Patienten ab 18 Jahren mit schwerer chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen als Zusatztherapie zu intranasalen Kortikosteroiden (INCS), wenn durch eine Therapie mit INCS keine ausreichende Krankheitskontrolle erzielt werden kann.
Can Intubation Be Improved with Endotracheal Tubes Marked with a Color Scale? Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Berazategui Juan P. , Larcade Ramon P. , Fernández Ariel L. , Soria Rose M. , Castro Adriana A. , Ávila Aldana S. , Vain Nestor E.
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess if a color scale in the endotracheal tube (ETT) can help operators to correctly select the size and depth of placement of the ETT and decrease the time required to complete the procedure and compared with the usual numeric ETT scale in a mannequin model.

Study Design The study was conducted in eight centers. Each size of the ETT was identified with a different color. The experimental ETTs had two different colored areas, one for the mouthpiece and another to identify where the ETT should be taped above the lip (an area of 1 cm. The operators were trained as part of the protocol using an instructional video. Four clinical scenarios requiring endotracheal intubation were designed and randomly assigned. Each operator had to select the size and depth of ETT based on the birth weight (BW), and then had to perform four intubations.

Results A total of 108 operators performed 432 intubations. No differences were found in the correct placement and selection of the ETT. Median time (in seconds) required for intubation using numeric versus experimental tube was: for ETT Ø NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program) 2.5, 11.5 versus 8 (p < 0.001), ETT Ø 3, 12 versus 10 (p < 0.001), ETT Ø 3.5, 15.5 versus12 (p = 0.003), ETT Ø 4, 12 versus11 (p = 0.019).

Conclusion No significant difference was observed in the selection and correct placement of the ETT. However, the intubation time was significantly shorter using the experimental ETT. This device could improve the effectiveness of intubation by reducing the time needed to properly place the ETT at mid trachea.

Key Points
Reconstrucción en amputaciones distales de dedos en niños con injerto compuesto y vendaje semioclusivo
Authors: Méndez Manuel Alfonso , Aguirre Daniela , Méndez Magdalena
Published: September 2021

La reconstrucción de una amputación distal de dedo en un niño es un desafío. Los procedimientos propuestos son muchos, y los resultados no han sido buenos. La reconstrucción con reposición del segmento a modo de injerto compuesto, o con técnicas microquirúrgicas, parece ofrecer la mejor de las posibilidades, pues se conservan estructuras irremplazables, como el lecho ungueal y el hiponiquio, lo que permite que los niños mantengan un pulpejo anatómico y con función normal. Presentamos una serie de tres pacientes pediátricos tratados con una nueva técnica, que combina la reposición del segmento, como un injerto compuesto, y el uso de curación semioclusiva (composite autograft and semi-oclussive dressing, CASOD, en inglés). Hemos observado buenos resultados.
Tendencia temporal y evaluación demográfica de hospitalizaciones por osteoartritis
Authors: Escudero-Acurio Pablo Sebastián , Aracena José Pablo , Arevalo Marcos Ignacio , Escudero Carlos Alonso
Published: September 2021

Objetivo Describir la tendencia temporal de osteoartritis (OA) según egresos hospitalarios considerando ubicación anatómica, distribución por sexo, edad, condiciones más frecuentes, y ubicación geográfica en Chile entre los años 2012 y 2018.

Metodología Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, poblacional, que analizó las bases de datos públicas del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud (DEIS) del Ministerio de Salud de Chile, en particular los registros con codificación de M15 a M19. Se calcularon las tasas por 100 mil egresos hospitalarios, así como también el porcentaje de OA según las categorías analizadas.

Resultados Se encontraron 11.622.605 egresos hospitalarios entre 2012 y 2018. El número total de egresos hospitalarios por OA fue de 78.700. Se observó que la distribución por sexo fue similar a lo largo de los años (∼ 40% y 60% en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente). El rango de edad más afectado fue el de 65 a 79 años, cuya tasa promedio fue de 2.046 por 100 mil egresos; además, fue el grupo que presentó el mayor aumento (60%) en su tasa de 2012 a 2018. La Región Metropolitana (291,7 egresos) y de Valparaíso (89,6 egresos) presentaron las tasas más altas. La cadera (56,6%) y la rodilla (31%) fueron las ubicaciones más frecuentes de casos de OA, con distribución similar por sexo, edad y geografía en comparación a los egresos totales por OA.

Conclusiones Los egresos hospitalarios por OA en Chile aumentaron entre 2012 y 2018, preferencialmente en casos de OA en las articulaciones de cadera y rodilla en el grupo de mujeres de edad avanzada de la zona centro del país.

Nivel de evidencia: Estudio descriptivo
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Maheshwari Amita , Gupta Sudeep , Rai Shweta , Rekhi Bharat , Kelkar Rohini , Shylasree TS , Menon Santosh , Deodhar Kedar , Thakur Meenakshi , Das Ushasree , Gupta Stuti , Tandon Sandeep
Published: September 2021

Objectives Peritoneal tuberculosis can mimic advanced abdominal malignancy. We describe clinical and laboratory characteristics in a series of female patients with peritoneal tuberculosis who were referred to a tertiary cancer center with a diagnosis of suspected advanced ovarian/primary peritoneal cancer.

Materials and Methods Details of clinical features, laboratory results including serum tumor markers, radiological findings, and ascitic fluid evaluation were retrospectively collected from hospital records for patients diagnosed to have peritoneal tuberculosis and reported descriptively.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS Statistics for Windows software, version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois).

Results Between January 2009 and December 2017, 120 patients of peritoneal tuberculosis with a median age 41 years (range, 15–79 years) were identified. Of these 112 (93.3%; 95% CI 88.9–97.8%) patients had ascites and 63 (52.5%; 95% CI 43.6–61.4%) had adnexal mass at presentation. Mean serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level was 666.9 (range, 38–18,554) U/mL. Ascitic fluid was negative for malignant cells in all patients and lymphocyte rich exudate was seen in 103 (91.9%; 86.9–97.0%) patients. Ascitic fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level was more than 40 U/L in 107 (95.5%; 95% CI 91.7–99.4%). Ascitic fluid Ziel–Neelsen staining was positive in 4/62 (6.5%; 95% CI 0.3–12.6%) patients while ascitic fluid culture examination for mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 7/59 (11.9%; 95% CI 3.6–20.1%) patients. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on image-guided biopsy in 44 (36.7%) patients, surgical biopsy in 8 (6.7%) patients, and a combination of clinicoradiological and laboratory features in 68 (56.7%) patients. All patients received standard antitubercular treatment.

Conclusions The study results suggest that peritoneal tuberculosis has clinical, radiological, and serological profile which may mimic advanced ovarian/primary peritoneal cancer. Peritoneal tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of advanced abdominal malignancy.
Impact of particle loading and phase coupling on gas–solid flow dynamics: A case study of a two-phase, gas–solid flow in an annular pipe
Authors: Pokharel Ansan , Akkerman V'yacheslav , Celik Ismail B. , Axelbaum Richard L. , Islas Alain , Yang Zhiwei
Published: September 2021

The present study is devoted to a two-phase, gas–solid flow in an annular pipe (hollow cylinder) at an elevated pressure of 15 bars and moderate Reynolds number of circa 6000. The influence of the particle loading, the interaction between the phases, and turbulence dispersion on the flow dynamics is systematically studied by means of computational fluid dynamics simulations, employing the Ansys FLUENT commercial package. The cases with a particle volumetric fraction of 1.2% are referred to as “high particle loading,” and those with 0.13% are denoted as “low particle loading.” The following cases are investigated: (1) pure gas flow; (2) low particle loading two-phase flow with one-way coupling and with turbulence dispersion; (3) low particle loading two-phase flow with two-way coupling but without turbulence dispersion; (4) low particle loading two-phase flow with two-way coupling and with turbulence dispersion; (5) high particle loading two-phase flow with one-way coupling and with turbulence dispersion; (6) high particle loading two-phase flow with two-way coupling but without turbulence dispersion; and (7) high particle loading two-phase flow with two-way coupling and with turbulence dispersion. The boundary layer is found to grow without fluctuations of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) for cases 1, 2, and 5. For case 4, the TKE fluctuations have been identified, although they appear to be less substantial than those in cases 6 and 7. The authors attribute the semi-chaotic nature of the TKE fluctuations to the particle loading and two-way coupling. In addition, the onset and development of the flow instability have been observed at a random axial distance in cases 4, 6, and 7. Such instability is also attributed to the two-way coupling with turbulence dispersion in the flow. It is concluded that the particle loading, one-way, or two-way coupling between the phases, and the turbulence dispersion models significantly influence the development of the flow dynamics with the same inlet and boundary conditions. Consequently, it is not a trivial question, which result a user should trust. The present computational results inspire to perform verification as well as experimental validation of the simulations, so the simulation results can subsequently be used with confidence for design analysis.
Recombination and localization: Unfolding the pathways behind conductivity losses in Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films
Authors: Jöbsis Huygen J. , Caselli Valentina M. , Askes Sven H. C. , Garnett Erik C. , Savenije Tom J. , Rabouw Freddy T. , Hutter Eline M.
Published: September 2021

Cs2AgBiBr6 (CABB) has been proposed as a promising nontoxic alternative to lead halide perovskites. However, low charge carrier collection efficiencies remain an obstacle for the incorporation of this material in optoelectronic applications. In this work, we study the optoelectronic properties of CABB thin films using steady state and transient absorption and reflectance spectroscopy. We find that optical measurements on such thin films are distorted as a consequence of multiple reflections within the film. Moreover, we discuss the pathways behind conductivity loss in these thin films, using a combination of microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements. We demonstrate that a combined effect of carrier loss and localization results in the conductivity loss in CABB thin films. Moreover, we find that the charge carrier diffusion length and grain size are of the same order of magnitude. This suggests that the material's surface is an important contributor to charge-carrier loss.
Nucleation rates from small scale atomistic simulations and transition state theory
Authors: Bal Kristof M.
Published: September 2021

The evaluation of nucleation rates from molecular dynamics trajectories is hampered by the slow nucleation time scale and impact of finite size effects. Here, we show that accurate nucleation rates can be obtained in a very general fashion relying only on the free energy barrier, transition state theory, and a simple dynamical correction for diffusive recrossing. In this setup, the time scale problem is overcome by using enhanced sampling methods, in casu metadynamics, whereas the impact of finite size effects can be naturally circumvented by reconstructing the free energy surface from an appropriate ensemble. Approximations from classical nucleation theory are avoided. We demonstrate the accuracy of the approach by calculating macroscopic rates of droplet nucleation from argon vapor, spanning 16 orders of magnitude and in excellent agreement with literature results, all from simulations of very small (512 atom) systems.
Influence of water models on water movement through AQP1
Authors: Gonzalez Miguel A. , Zaragoza Alberto , Lynch Charlotte I. , Sansom Mark S. P. , Valeriani Chantal
Published: September 2021

Water diffusion through membrane proteins is a key aspect of cellular function. Essential processes of cellular metabolism are driven by osmotic pressure, which depends on water channels. Membrane proteins such as aquaporins (AQPs) are responsible for enabling water permeation through the cell membrane. AQPs are highly selective, allowing only water and relatively small polar molecules to cross the membrane. Experimentally, estimation of water flux through membrane proteins is still a challenge, and hence, accurate simulations of water permeation are of particular importance. We present a numerical study of water diffusion through AQP1 comparing three water models: TIP3P, OPC, and TIP4P/2005. Bulk diffusion, diffusion permeability, and osmotic permeability are computed and compared among all models. The results show that there are significant differences between TIP3P (a particularly widespread model for simulations of biological systems) and the more recently developed TIP4P/2005 and OPC models. We demonstrate that OPC and TIP4P/2005 reproduce protein–water interactions and dynamics in very good agreement with experimental data. From this study, we find that the choice of the water model has a significant effect on the computed water dynamics as well as its molecular behavior within a biological nanopore.
Intrinsic synaptic plasticity of ferroelectric field effect transistors for online learning
Authors: Saha Arnob , Islam A. N. M. Nafiul , Zhao Zijian , Deng Shan , Ni Kai , Sengupta Abhronil
Published: September 2021

Nanoelectronic devices emulating neuro-synaptic functionalities through their intrinsic physics at low operating energies are imperative toward the realization of brain-like neuromorphic computers. In this work, we leverage the non-linear voltage dependent partial polarization switching of a ferroelectric field effect transistor to mimic plasticity characteristics of biological synapses. We provide experimental measurements of the synaptic characteristics for a 28 nm high-k metal gate technology based device and develop an experimentally calibrated device model for large-scale system performance prediction. Decoupled read-write paths, ultra-low programming energies, and the possibility of arranging such devices in a cross-point architecture demonstrate the synaptic efficacy of the device. Our hardware-algorithm co-design analysis reveals that the intrinsic plasticity of the ferroelectric devices has potential to enable unsupervised local learning in edge devices with limited training data.
Three-dimensional vortex characterization in small intracranial aneurysms based on four dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Zhou Ang , Jagadeesan Bharathi D. , Moen Sean L. , Grande Andrew W. , Van de Moortele Pierre-Francois
Published: September 2021

Effective vectors and approaches are proposed to identify the three-dimensional (3D) vortex motion in small intracranial aneurysms (≤7 mm) based on four dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T. Six subjects with small intracranial aneurysms were scanned. The 3D vortex identification vector Γ2⃗ and scalar Ω are computed with velocity vectors. The high Γ2,magnitude region is defined using region growing based on the threshold value determined by an empirical nonlinear relation between Γ2,magnitude and the scalar Ω inside the aneurysmal sac, while the threshold of Ω = 0.6 is used to define the high Ω region. The spatially averaged vector Γ2⃗ and the vorticity vector ω⃗ over the defined high Γ2,magnitude and Ω regions are found to denote the corresponding vortex motion directions, respectively. With these two vectors, the 3D vector Γ1⃗ is invoked to localize vortex motion centers. Threshold values of region growing for the high Γ2,magnitude region from the nonlinear relation for each subject are in the range of 0.51 and 0.59. The volume of the defined high Γ2,magnitude region is close to that of the defined high Ω region. The angle between the generated two averaged vectors Γ2⃗ and ω⃗ is small for all subjects, with the maximum being 9.17°. The located vortex motion centers from Γ1⃗ based on Γ2⃗ and Ω(ω) are the same for each subject inside the aneurysm. The small angle between the two averaged vectors and the located same vortex center supports the effectiveness of the proposed method to characterize vortices in small unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Chloramine-T in Organic Synthesis and Analysis of Organic Functional Groups: A Review
Authors: Sowmya P. T. , Rai K. M. Lokanatha , Sudhir Anitha , Kotian Sumana Y.
Published: September 2021

The diverse nature of Chloramine-T, the sodium salt of N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, abbreviated as CAT, acts as a source of halonium cation and nitrogen anion, and acts as both base and nucleophile. It reacts with broad range of functional groups and brings divergent molecular transformations to synthetic chemistry. CAT has also gained much recognition as a mild oxidant for several organic moieties and has been used as a versatile reagent for the estimation of various functional groups in analytical chemistry. This review relays the synthetic and analytic utility of CAT from different literature sources. As aspects of the synthetic utility of CAT have not previously been reviewed, this article gives a comprehensive profile of the CAT reagent for further research development.