bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐Controlled Stereodivergent Synthesis of 2,2′‐Biflavanones Promoted by Samarium Diiodide
Authors: Soto Martín , Soengas Raquel G. , Silva Artur M. S. , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , Rodríguez‐Solla Humberto
Published: July 2019

In this work, the first example of a radical stereodivergent reaction directed towards the stereoselective synthesis of both (R*,R*)‐ and (R*,S*)‐2,2′‐biflavanones promoted by samarium diiodide is reported. Control experiments showed that the selectivity of this reaction was exclusively controlled by the temperature. It was possible to generate a variety of 2,2′‐biflavanones bearing different substitution patterns at the aromatic ring in good‐to‐quantitative yields, being both stereoisomers of the desired compounds obtained with total or high control of selectivity. A mechanism that explains both the generation of the corresponding 2,2′‐biflavanones and the selectivity is also discussed. The structure and stereochemistry determination of each isomer was unequivocally elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments.
Efficacious Doxorubicin Delivery Using Glutathione‐Responsive Hollow Non‐phospholipid Vesicles Bearing Lipoyl Cholesterols
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Yadav Lalit , Kondaiah Paturu , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: July 2019

In this study, we developed redox‐sensitive vesicles using synthesised lipoyl cholesterol derivatives, a non‐ionic surfactant and an optimum level of free cholesterol. Interestingly, concentration‐dependent self‐assembly was observed by scanning electron microscopy, wherein vesicles manifested as hollow spherical (at 0.15 mm) and triangular (0.50 mm). The redoxresponsive characteristics of the vesicles was probed in the presence of dithiothreitol; they underwent a clear increase in size as observed by dynamic light scattering measurements. These vesicles could easily encapsulate an anticancer drug, doxorubicin, and were observed to be stable in the presence of serum. They showed substantial release of the drug in response to biologically relevant stimulus, that is, glutathione. A toxicity assessment on HeLa and HepG2 cancer cells demonstrated activities of the drug‐loaded vesicles comparable to that of free drug, whereas significantly enhanced toxicity and apoptotic induction were observed against drug‐resistant HeLa cells, which was determined by studying the cellular internalisation of doxorubicin.
Undesired Bulk Oxidation of LiMn2O4 Increases Overpotential of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation in Lithium Hydroxide Electrolytes
Authors: Baumung Max , Kollenbach Leon , Xi Lifei , Risch Marcel
Published: July 2019

Chemical and structural changes preceding electrocatalysis obfuscate the nature of the active state of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which calls for model systems to gain systematic insight. We investigated the effect of bulk oxidation on the overpotential of ink‐casted LiMn2O4 electrodes by a rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) setup and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the K shell core level of manganese ions (Mn−K edge). The cyclic voltammogram of the RRDE disk shows pronounced redox peaks in lithium hydroxide electrolytes with pH between 12 and 13.5, which we assign to bulk manganese redox based on XAS. The onset of the OER is pH‐dependent on the scale of the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with a Nernst slope of −40(4) mV/pH at −5 μA monitored at the RRDE ring. To connect this trend to catalyst changes, we develop a simple model for delithiation of LiMn2O4 in LiOH electrolytes, which gives the same Nernst slope of delithiation as our experimental data, i. e., 116(25) mV/pH. From this data, we construct an ERHE‐pH diagram that illustrates robustness of LiMn2O4 against oxidation above pH 13.5 as also verified by XAS. We conclude that manganese oxidation is the origin of the increase of the OER overpotential at pH lower than 14 and also of the pH dependence on the RHE scale. Our work highlights that vulnerability to transition metal redox may lead to increased overpotentials, which is important for the design of stable electrocatalysts.
Stereocontrolled Photochemical Synthesis
Authors: Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: July 2019

Tehshik P. Yoon
is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA). He is a current member of the ChemPhotoChem Editorial Board.
A low‐power voltage differencing buffered amplifier
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Pandey Rajeshwari
Published: July 2019

A low‐voltage, high‐performance voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA) designed using differential flipped voltage followers (DFVF) is presented in this paper. The proposed VDBA is capable of providing high transconductance and wide bandwidth (BW) with low biasing currents and buffer transfer ratio close to unity. Mathematical formulations for transconductance and buffer transfer ratio are deduced through low‐frequency small signal analysis. Pre and post layout simulations for characterization of the proposed structure are carried out on Cadence Virtuoso using gpdk 0.18‐μm CMOS process parameters. The transconductance of the proposed VDBA is observed to be varying from 411.8 μS to 1.374 mS for a corresponding bias current range of 10 to 75 μA, and the 3‐dB bandwidth (BW) is recorded to be 1.2 GHz. The PVT analysis is carried out to show the effect of process corners. To check the robustness of the proposed VDBA, Monte Carlo analysis is performed, and results have been included in the form of histograms.
A low complexity mechanism for congestion notification in rural IPSec‐enabled heterogeneous backhaul networks
Authors: Figuera Carlos , Morgado Eduardo , Municio Esteban , Simó‐Reigadas Javier
Published: July 2019

Management in wireless backhaul networks is a challenging task, especially in rural and isolated environments. In these scenarios, the backhaul network usually consists of a set of heterogeneous wireless links that provide limited and variable bandwidth to the access networks, often 3G/4G small cells. Because of the highly constrained nature of this type of backhaul network, intelligent and joint management in both the backhaul network and the access network is crucial in order to avoid performance degradation caused by traffic congestion. In order to avoid the saturation in the backhaul network, access networks should consider the backhaul state when taking decisions in the admission control and scheduling procedures. However, no standardized mechanisms currently exist for sharing management information between both networks. In this work, we propose to use the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) bit in the outer IP headers present in the Iuh 3GPP IPSec‐enabled interfaces in order to notify the backhaul congestion state to the access network. We analyze for the referred scenario, compatibility and security details, validating our approach by running numerically simulations and implementing the notification mechanism. Our low complexity approach offers 2% accuracy and backhaul update latency lower than 10 ms during 80% of the time, which makes the solution appropriate for admission control and scheduling intervals in small cells.
Can we predict histological outcome of distinctive cohorts of patients with glandular cell abnormalities on ThinPrep Papanicolaou testing based on human papillomavirus status, age, and associated squamous abnormalities?
Authors: Harbhajanka Aparna , Dahoud Wissam , Michael Claire W.
Published: July 2019

Background

The cytology diagnosis of glandular cell abnormalities (GCAs) is diagnostically challenging, causing inadequate reproducibility. Histological outcome of GCA on cytology varies from benign to malignant diseases. The goal of this study is to evaluate histological outcome and identify distinctive cohorts of patients with GCA based on human papillomavirus (HPV) status, age, and associated squamous abnormality to stratify the patient into high risk for squamous/glandular lesions.

Methods

From 2012 to 2017, out of 162 088 ThinPrep Papanicolaou tests performed, 998 (0.61%) were reported as GCAs. Histologic follow‐up was available in 638 cases and 429 had concurrent HPV results.

Results

The overall rate of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)‐positivity (hrHPV+) was 33.6% (144/429 cases). Among the hrHPV+ cases, 18.1% had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3), 3.5% squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 3.5% cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/adenocarcinoma (ADC), and 2.8% endometrial carcinoma. Among hrHPV‐ cases, 1.4% had CIN2/3, 1.1% AIS/ADC, and 17.5% endometrial carcinoma. The high‐grade cervical lesions (CIN2/3/AIS/ADC) were significantly higher in women with hrHPV+ and associated squamous abnormalities compared to hrHPV‐ and no squamous abnormality in all age groups except patients >65 years. Endometrial carcinoma was most commonly present in women >65 years especially with HPV‐ and no associated squamous abnormalities.

Conclusions

HPV testing is useful for predicting the risk of high‐grade cervical neoplasia in women with GCA especially with associated squamous abnormalities on cytology. The endometrial carcinoma is more frequent in hrHPV‐ older women. The combination of cytology with knowledge of associated squamous abnormality, hrHPV status, and age can significantly aid in stratifying the patient into high risk for glandular/squamous lesions which facilitates appropriate management of these patients.
Feedbacks between nitrogen fixation and soil organic matter increase ecosystem functions in diversified agroecosystems
Authors: Blesh Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Nitrogen (N) losses from intensified agriculture are a major cause of global change, due to nitrate (NO3−) export and the eutrophication of aquatic systems as well as emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. Diversified agroecosystems with legume cover crops couple N and carbon (C) inputs to soil and reduce N pollution, but there is a need to identify controls on legume N2 fixation across ecosystems with variable soil conditions. Here, I tested the hypothesis that N mineralization from turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) regulates legume N2 fixation across 10 farms that spanned a gradient of SOM levels. I separated soil samples into two SOM fractions, based on size and density, which are indicators of soil nutrient cycling and N availability (free particulate organic matter and intra‐aggregate particulate organic matter [POM]). This study indicates downregulation of legume N2 fixation in diversified agroecosystems with increasing N availability in intra‐aggregate POM and increasing N mineralization. Intercropping the legume with a grass weakened the relationship between N in POM and N2 fixation due to N assimilation by the grass. Further, mean rates of N and C mineralization across sites increased with two seasons of a legume‐grass cover crop mixture, which could enhance this stabilizing feedback between soil N availability and N2 fixation over time. These results suggest a potential mechanism for the diversity–ecosystem‐function relationships measured in long‐term studies of agroecosystems, in which regular use of legume cover crops increases total soil organic C and N and reduces negative environmental impacts of crop production.
Physiological dynamics, reproduction‐maintenance allocations, and life history evolution
Authors: English Sinead , Bonsall Michael B.
Published: July 2019

Allocation of resources to competing processes of growth, maintenance, or reproduction is arguably a key process driving the physiology of life history trade‐offs and has been shown to affect immune defenses, the evolution of aging, and the evolutionary ecology of offspring quality. Here, we develop a framework to investigate the evolutionary consequences of physiological dynamics by developing theory linking reproductive cell dynamics and components of fitness associated with costly resource allocation decisions to broader life history consequences. We scale these reproductive cell allocation decisions to population‐level survival and fecundity using a life history approach and explore the effects of investment in reproduction or tissue‐specific repair (somatic or reproductive) on the force of selection, reproductive effort, and resource allocation decisions. At the cellular level, we show that investment in protecting reproductive cells increases fitness when reproductive cell maturation rate is high or reproductive cell death is high. At the population level, life history fitness measures show that cellular protection increases reproductive value by differential investment in somatic or reproductive cells and the optimal allocation of resources to reproduction is moulded by this level of investment. Our model provides a framework to understand the evolutionary consequences of physiological processes underlying trade‐offs and highlights the insights to be gained from considering fitness at multiple levels, from cell dynamics through to population growth.
Mediation of stemflow water and nutrient availabilities by epiphytes growing above other epiphytes in a subtropical forest
Authors: Chen Liang‐Chu , Wang Lih‐Jih , Martin Craig E. , Lin Teng‐Chiu
Published: July 2019

Stemflow is the most importance source of water and nutrients to epiphytes growing on tree stems that lack access to canopy soils. Many host trees are inhabited by a large number of epiphyte species, often growing in close proximity. The nutrient and water relationships among such co‐occurring epiphytes are largely unknown. We examined stemflow quality and quantity before and after passing through a substrate‐forming epiphyte, Asplenium nidus, and two nonsubstrate‐forming epiphytes, Haplopteris flexuosa and Liparis nakaharai, in a subtropical rainforest in Taiwan. The results indicate that stemflow quantity decreased after passing through these epiphytes. The magnitude of decreases was large for H. flexuosa (63%) and L. nakaharai (74%) but minor for A. nidus (5.6%), possibly because the vertical leaves of the latter collected throughfall, compensating for the water they retained. There was an overall decrease in stemflow ion concentrations after passing through A. nidus, likely due to greater retention than leaching of ions, but an overall increase after passing through L. nakaharai and H. flexuosa, possibly the result of greater leaching than retention. Our results indicate that epiphytes growing under A. nidus received more stemflow with few nutrients and those growing under the two nonsubstrate‐forming epiphytes received less stemflow but with more nutrients. Currently, the growth of epiphytes is limited by water at the study site, so that Asplenium provides favourable microhabitat for epiphytes growing below. If climate change lead to drier conditions, substrate‐forming epiphytes could become oases in the forest canopy desert and attract more epiphytes to grow underneath.
Trends in modes of death in heart failure over the last two decades: less sudden death but cancer deaths on the rise
Authors: Moliner Pedro , Lupón Josep , de Antonio Marta , Domingo Mar , Santiago‐Vacas Evelyn , Zamora Elisabet , Cediel Germán , Santesmases Javier , Díez‐Quevedo Crisanto , Troya Maria Isabel , Boldó Maria , Altmir Salvador , Alonso Nuria , González Beatriz , Núñez Julio , Bayes‐Genis Antoni
Published: July 2019

Aims

Better management of heart failure (HF) over the past two decades has improved survival, mainly by reducing the incidence of death due to cardiovascular (CV) causes. Deaths due to non‐CV causes, particularly cancer, may be increasing. This study explored the modes of death of consecutive patients who attended a HF clinic over 17 years.

Methods and results

A total of 935 deaths were ascertained from 2002 to 2018 among 1876 patients (mean age 65.8 ± 12.5 years, 75% men, left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%) admitted to our HF clinic. Median follow‐up was 4.2 years [1.9–7.8]. Mode of death was curated from patient health records and verified by the Catalan and Spanish health system databases. Trends for every mode of death were assessed by polynomial regression. Two trends were observed: a significant reduction in sudden death (P = 0.03) without changes in HF progression as mode of death (P = 0.26), and a significant increase in non‐CV modes of death (P < 0.001). Non‐CV deaths accounted for 17.4% of deaths in 2002 and 65.8% of deaths in 2018. A total 138 deaths were due to cancer (37% of non‐CV deaths). A significant trend was observed towards a progressive increase in cancer deaths over time (P = 0.002). The main mode of cancer mortality was lung cancer.

Conclusions

The modes of death in HF have shifted over the last two decades. Patients with HF die less due to sudden death and more due to non‐CV causes, mainly cancer. Whether HF triggers cancer, or cancer develops in HF survivors, deserves further insight.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative N–N Coupling of Secondary Amines with KI/KIO4
Authors: Yin Dehang , Jin Jian
Published: July 2019

A transition‐metal‐free method for the dehydrogenative N–N coupling of secondary amines has been accomplished. This oxidative KI/KIO4 protocol is mild and operationally simple. A diverse range of diphenylamines, carbazoles, and N‐alkylanilines readily undergo N–N homo‐coupling effectively. Notably, the N–N cross‐coupling of two different arylamines is also demonstrated, which provides a straightforward approach to the complex N–N structures.
Balancing Bulkiness in Gold(I) Phosphino‐triazole Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Wakeling Matthew G. , Meloni Fernanda , Sum Tze Jing , van Nguyen Huy , Buckley Benjamin R. , Davies Paul W. , Fossey John S.
Published: July 2019

The syntheses of a series of 1‐phenyl‐5‐phosphino 1,2,3‐triazoles are disclosed, within which, the phosphorus atom (at the 5‐position of a triazole) is appended by one, two or three triazole motifs, and the valency of the phosphorus(III) atom is completed by two, one or zero ancillary (phenyl or cyclohexyl) groups respectively. This series of phosphines was compared with tricyclohexylphosphine and triphenylphosphine to study the effect of increasing the number of triazoles appended to the central phosphorus atom from zero to three triazoles. Gold(I) chloride complexes of the synthesised ligands were prepared and analysed by techniques including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structure determination. Gold(I) complexes were also prepared from 1‐(2,6‐dimethoxy)‐phenyl‐5‐dicyclohexyl‐phosphino 1,2,3‐triazole and 1‐(2,6‐dimethoxy)‐phenyl‐5‐diphenyl‐phosphino 1,2,3‐triazole ligands. The crystal structures thus obtained were examined using the SambVca (2.0) web tool and percentage buried volumes determined. The effectiveness of these gold(I) chloride complexes to serve as precatalysts for alkyne hydration were assessed. Furthermore, the regioselectivity of hydration of but‐1‐yne‐1,4‐diyldibenzene was probed.
One‐Pot Two‐Step Chemoenzymatic Cascade for the Synthesis of a Bis‐benzofuran Derivative
Authors: Mertens M. A. Stephanie , Thomas Fabian , Nöth Maximilian , Moegling Julian , El‐Awaad Islam , Sauer Daniel F. , Dhoke Gaurao V. , Xu Wenjing , Pich Andrij , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: July 2019

Chemoenzymatic cascades enable reactions with the high productivity of chemocatalysts and high selectivity of enzymes. Nevertheless, the combination of these different fields of catalysis is prone to mutual deactivation of metal‐ and biocatalysts. In this study, a one‐pot sequential two‐step catalytic cascade reaction was successfully implemented for the synthesis of a methylene‐bridged bis(2‐substituted benzofuran). In the first step, a palladium‐free Sonogashira reaction is used for the synthesis of a benzofuran derivative. In the subsequent step, the formed 2‐substituted benzofuran is hydroxylated by the monooxygenase P450 BM3 variant (A74S‐F87V‐L188Q) and undergoes further elimination reactions. The study proofs that combination of Cu scorpionate catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling and P450 mediated oxidation is possible and results in up to 84 % yield of the final product. The oxidation reaction is boosted by capturing inhibiting reaction components.
All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Using Sulfurized Alcohol Composite Material with Improved Coulomb Efficiency
Authors: Takeuchi Tomonari , Kojima Toshikatsu , Kageyama Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Hironori , Mitsuhara Kei , Nakanishi Koji , Ohta Toshiaki
Published: July 2019

Sulfurized alcohol composite (SAC), a new type of organosulfur material, is applied to an all‐solid‐state cell with a sulfur‐based solid electrolyte (SE), Li3PS4. The cell shows high specific capacity (600–800 mAh g−1), and the initial coulomb efficiency is improved by mechanically milling the cathode layer (SAC + SE). The improvement is attributed to the partial lithiation of the SAC sample by milling with SE, which is confirmed by S K‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements. Such prelithiation is advantageous for fabricating high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state cells.
Soybean hulls as a low‐cost biosorbent for removal of methylene blue contaminant
Authors: Cusioli Luís Fernando , Quesada Heloise B. , Baptista Aline T. A. , Gomes Raquel G. , Bergamasco Rosângela
Published: July 2019

Methylene blue is a cationic dye used for dyeing cotton, wool, and silk. This dye can cause impacts when reaching water resources due to the reduction of sunlight infiltration, besides the health problems if ingested. Therefore, the complete removal of this contaminant in industrial effluents is indispensable. Currently, soybean hulls residues are used in animal feed supplementation; however, since soybean oil production is large, expressive quantities is discarded in landfills. Thus, the present study aim is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of methylene blue onto soybean hulls as an alternative use of this agroindustrial residue. The material was characterized through morphological and chemical analysis which showed porosity, heterogeneity, and functional groups that favor the adsorption. Due to the mainly negative charge of the surface, the pH did not affect the cationic dye uptake, enabling a wide pH range. After the adsorption studies, the best experimental conditions were at temperatures of 298 K, mass of 0.025 g, and contact time of 180 min, resulting in the maximum adsorption capacity of 169.90 mg g−1. When compared with other low‐cost biosorbent and activated carbons, it can be perceived a potential applicability of soybean hulls in wastewater treatment as an alternative use.
Effect of different irradiance levels on bioelectricity generation from algal biophotovoltaic (BPV) devices
Authors: Thong Cheng‐Han , Phang Siew‐Moi , Ng Fong‐Lee , Periasamy Vengadesh , Ling Tau‐Chuan , Yunus Kamran , Fisher Adrian C.
Published: July 2019

Rapid population and economic growth in the world have accelerated the search for new sustainable and environment‐friendly energy sources. Power‐producing systems generally add to the carbon load in the environment, contributing to global climate change. In photosynthesis, energy from light splits water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. Algal biophotovoltaic (BPV) platforms were developed to harvest these electrons to generate bioelectricity through algal photosynthesis. Irradiance is one of the most important parameters that determine power output efficiency from algal BPV devices. In this study, the effective range of irradiance levels for power generation from algal BPV devices comprising of suspension and alginate‐immobilized Chlorella cultures on ITO anodes was determined. Immobilized cultures were prepared by entrapping the algal cells in 2% sodium alginate solution. The algal BPV devices were illuminated by four different irradiance levels (30, 90, 150, and 210 µmol photons m−2 s−1). The maximum power density of 0.456 mW m−2 was generated from the prototype algal fuel cell at the irradiance level of 150 µmol photons m−2 s−1. At 210 µmol photons m−2 s−1, low power density was produced due to photoinhibition as indicated by Fv/Fm values generated through PAM fluorometry. In terms of carbon fixation rate, the highest value was recorded in immobilized culture at 217.11 mg CO2 L−1 d−1. The algal biophotovoltaic device is multifunctional and can provide sustainable energy with simultaneous carbon dioxide removal.
Performance comparison of epoxy resins modified with diphenylphosphine oxide and DOPO
Authors: Wei Zhenqian , Gu Xintao , Wu Jun , Wei Min , Yu Qing , Xiujuan Tian , Wang Zhongwei
Published: July 2019

By curing the reaction mixture of diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, flame‐retardant epoxy resins (EP/DPO) were prepared. Flame‐retardant epoxy resins modified with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) were similarly prepared (denoted as EP/DOPO). The limiting oxygen index value of pure epoxy resin, EP/DPO–P‐0.9 (with a phosphorus content of 0.9 wt%), and EP/DOPO–P‐0.9 are 23.0, 30.5, and 29.4%, respectively. EP/DPO–P‐0.9 reached a UL‐94 vertical burning test V‐0 rating, while EP/DOPO–P‐0.9 failed. The results of the cone calorimetry test, thermo‐oxidative degradation behavior study, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that both flame retardants mainly act through the gas‐phase activity mechanism. Together, the results of this study suggest that EP/DPO are high performance resins with good thermal stability, high glass transition temperature, and low water absorptivity for practical applications.
Predicting loan default in peer‐to‐peer lending using narrative data
Authors: Xia Yufei , He Lingyun , Li Yinguo , Liu Nana , Ding Yanlin
Published: July 2019

Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) lending is facing severe information asymmetry problems and depends highly on the internal credit scoring system. This paper provides a novel credit scoring model, which forecasts the probability of default for each applicant and guides the lenders' decision‐making in P2P lending. The proposal is expected to improve the existing credit scoring models in P2P lending from two aspects, namely the classifier and the usage of narrative data. We utilize an advanced gradient boosting decision tree technique (i.e., CatBoost) to predict default loans. Moreover, a soft information extraction technique based on keyword clustering is developed to compensate for the insufficient hard credit data. Validated on three real‐world datasets, the experimental results demonstrate that variables extracted from narrative data are powerful features, and the utilization of narrative data significantly improves the predictability relative to solely using hard information. The results of sensitivity analysis reveal that CatBoost outperforms the industry benchmark under different cluster numbers of extracted soft information; meanwhile a small number of clusters (e.g., three) is preferred for consideration of model performance, computational cost, and comprehensibility. We finally facilitate a discussion on practical implication and explanatory considerations.
CD5 expression correlates with inferior survival and enhances the negative effect of p53 overexpression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Peiqi , Li Lanfang , Zhou Shiyong , Qiu Lihua , Qian Zhengzi , Liu Xianming , Meng Bin , Zhang Huilai
Published: July 2019

De novo CD5‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (CD5+ DLBCL) is increasingly recognized as a distinct pathologic phenomenon with a specific clinical picture. However, CD5+ DLBCL has not been studied on a large scale in China. In this study, we show that CD5+ DLBCL occurs at a low frequency (9.2%). Comparison of clinical characteristics of CD5+ vs CD5− DLBCL showed that CD5+ DLBCL was more frequently elderly (>60 years) and had B symptoms, high‐performance status, stage III‐IV, an IPI score >2 and bone marrow involvement. Patients with CD5+ DLBCL had tumours with a higher prevalence of BCL‐2 and p53 overexpression than CD5− DLBCL. Patients with CD5+ DLBCL had inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than did patients with CD5− DLBCL. For CD5+ DLBCL, the patients who were treated with rituximab showed significantly better PFS and OS than those treated without rituximab. However, patients treated with RCHOP showed similar PFS and OS when compared with the group treated with intensive therapy. In addition, patients with p53 and CD5 co‐expression had the worst PFS and OS. In conclusion, CD5+ DLBCL was associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic variables and with inferior survival. CD5+ DLBCL has a high frequency of p53 overexpression, and CD5 augments the negative effect of p53 overexpression in DLBCL.
Ice cover exists: A quick method to delineate groundwater inputs in running waters for cold and temperate regions
Authors: O'Sullivan Antóin M. , Linnansaari Tommi , Curry R. Allen
Published: July 2019

Groundwater can be important in regulating stream thermal regimes in cold, temperate regions, and as such, it can be a significant factor for aquatic biota habits and habitats. Groundwater typically remains at a constant temperature through time; that is, it is warmer than surface water in winter and cooler in summer. Further, small tributaries are often dominated by groundwater during low flows of winter and summer. We exploit these thermal patterns to identify and delineate tributary/groundwater inputs along a frozen river (ice‐on) using publically available satellite data, and we tested the findings against airborne, thermal infrared (TIR) data. We utilize a supervised maximum likelihood classification (sMLC) to identify possible groundwater inputs while the river is in a frozen state (kappa coefficient of 96.77 when compared with visually delineated possible groundwater inputs). We then compare sMLC‐identified possible groundwater inputs with TIR‐classified groundwater inputs, which confirmed that there was no statistical difference (χ2 = .78), that is, confirming that groundwater inputs can be delineated in north temperate river systems using available satellite imagery of the system's frozen state. Our results also established the spatial extent and influence of possible groundwater inputs in two seasons. The thermal plumes were longer and narrower in winter; this is likely related to seasonal differences in dispersion regimes. We hypothesize that differences between summer and winter is related to either (a) tributaries that are modulated by shading in summer or (b) aquifer disconnection from the river in winter owing to frozen ground conditions and lack of aquifer recharge. This method of establishing tributary/groundwater inputs and contributions to surface water thermal regimes is relatively simple and can be useful for science and management as long as “ice cover exists”; that is, the system can achieve a frozen state.
RETRACTED: AMP‐kinase inhibitor dorsomorphin reduces the proliferation and migration behavior of colorectal cancer cells by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Ghanaatgar‐Kasbi Sadaf , Amerizadeh Forouzan , Rahmani Farzad , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Khazaei Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir
Published: July 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer‐related mortality, despite extensive efforts in the identification of new treatment options. Hence, there is a need for the development of novel agents with therapeutic potential in treatment of CRC. Dorsomorphin has demonstrated antiproliferative activity against different malignancies. Here we have investigated the pharmaceutical potential of dorsomorphin in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cell‐culture models of CRC. The antiproliferative, antimigratory, apoptotic activity and effect of this agent on cell cycle was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively, while the expression of genes involved in Wnt/Pi3K pathways was assessed at mRNA and/or proteins by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) or western blot. Dorsomorphin inhibited CRC cell growth by modulating the cyclinD1, surviving and p‐Akt. This agent was able to reduce the migratory behaviors of CRC cells, compared to control cells, through perturbation of E‐cadherin. Also our data showed that dorsomorphin enhanced the percentage of the cells in sub‐G1 and induced apoptosis in both late/early stages, as detected by annexin V. Also the regulatory effect of dorsomorphin on oxidant/antioxidant balance was assessed by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In particular, these data showed that dorsomorphin markedly increased the ROS production in CRC cells. Our finding demonstrated that dorsomorphin antagonizes cell growth and migration, through perturbation of Akt/mTOR/Wnt pathways in CRC, supporting further studies on the therapeutic potential of this novel anticancer agent in treatment of CRC.
How‐to guide for effectively performing and coordinating multicenter observational research as a clinical pharmacist
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Rech Megan A.
Published: July 2019

While single‐center research serves multiple purposes for the provision of patient care and identification of testable hypotheses, the importance of multicenter research is well established. The purpose of this “how‐to” guide is to assist pharmacists with the various steps in performing and coordinating multicenter, observational research. The steps that are reviewed include identifying a precise and appropriate research question; determining the expected final products or deliverables from the project and the timeline needed to satisfactorily achieve each step in the process toward these deliverables; establishing the research team structure and recognition of project contributions; navigating the institutional review board approval and data sharing and storage processes; collecting, cleaning, and analyzing data; evaluating additional project management considerations; avoiding and resolving pitfalls of multicenter research; and wrapping up the project. Resources are provided to encourage and support pharmacist principal investigators in their research efforts.
Decellularized liver transplant could be recellularized in rat partial hepatectomy model
Authors: Naeem Erfani M. , Sajad Daneshi , Talaei‐Khozani Tahereh , Khajeh Sahar , Azarpira Negar , Alaei Sanaz , Tanideh Nader , Reza Tabandeh M. , Razban Vahid
Published: July 2019

In situ recellularization of the liver decellularized scaffold is a potential therapeutic alternative for liver transplantation. We aimed to develop an in situ procedure for recellularization of the rat liver using sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) compared with Triton X‐100/SDS. Rat liver specimens were rinsed with PBS, decellularized with either Triton X‐100/SDS or SLES, and finally rinsed by distilled water. The efficiency of decellularized liver scaffolds was evaluated by histological, confocal Raman microscopy, histochemical staining, and DNA quantification assessments. Finally, in vivo studies were done to assess the biocompatibility of the liver scaffold by serum biochemical parameters and the recellularization capacity by histological and immunohistochemistry staining. Findings confirmed the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as reticular, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and neutral carbohydrates in both Triton X‐100/SDS‐ and SLES‐treated livers. Hoechst, feulgen, Hematoxylin and eosin, and DNA quantification assessments confirmed complete genetic content removal. The serological parameters showed no adverse impact on the liver functions. Transplantation of SLES‐treated cell‐free decellularized liver showed extensive neovascularization along with migration of the fibrocytes and adipocytes and some immune cells. Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the oval cells, stellate cells, cholangiocytes and hepatocytes invaded extensively into the graft. It is concluded that SLES can be considered as a promising alternative in the liver decellularization process, and the transplanted decellularized liver can appropriately be revascularized and regenerated.
Prolonged Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Mineral Density and Turnover in HIV-Infected Adults on Tenofovir: A Randomized, Open-Label Study
Authors: Carr Andrew , Kerr Stephen J , Richardson Robyn , Ebeling Peter , Pocock Nicholas , Rojas Jhon , Martinez Esteban , Hoy Jennifer ,   ZEST study Investigators
Published: July 2019

Zoledronic acid (ZOL) 5 mg annually was more effective than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) switching at increasing bone mineral density (BMD) over 24 months in HIV-infected, osteopenic adults. To determine whether the effects of ZOL would persist without further infusions, we compared changes in left hip and spine BMD over 36 months in participants randomized to ZOL 5 mg at baseline and month 12 (and to continue TDF) or to switch TDF (without receiving ZOL). We also compared changes in the plasma bone turnover markers (BTMs) C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX; bone resorption), and procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP; bone formation) and determined whether CTX and P1NP changes at month 3 predicted BMD changes at month 36. Changes were compared in the per-protocol populations, which included 32 (74%) of 43 participants randomized to ZOL and 37 (88%) of 42 participants who switched TDF. Despite not receiving ZOL after month 12, mean hip and spine BMD change from baseline were stable and remained greater with ZOL at month 36 than with TDF switching (spine: 7.5% versus 2.7%, mean difference 4.7%, p < 0.001; hip: 5.5% versus 1.5%, mean difference 4.0%, p < 0.001). CTX and P1NP levels declined in both groups but significantly more with ZOL. Only percent changes in P1NP at month 3 correlated inversely with BMD changes at month 36 (spine: rho = −0.442, p < 0.001; hip: rho = −0.373, p = 0.002). Two infusions of ZOL (in the presence of ongoing TDF) yielded sustained BMD increases through month 36 that remained greater than with TDF switching. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Et3N‐Prompted Efficient Synthesis of Anthracenyl Pyrazolines and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation against Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Merry Thechano , Maddela Prabhakar , Devaraya Kiran , Kondapi Anand K. , Pradeep Chullikkattil P.
Published: July 2019

A series of anthracenyl pyrazoline derivatives (3a–o) were synthesized with an aim to evaluate their in vitro anticancer activities. Anthracenyl pyrazoline compounds were prepared by the reaction between various anthracenyl chalcones (1a–o) and hydrazine hydrate (2). The reactions were carried out under reflux in the presence of triethylamine and ethanol for 24 h, and the obtained yields were from good to excellent (90–97%). The structure of each compound is well characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, elemental analyses, and mass spectroscopic technics, and the molecular structures of compounds 3d and 3e were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic methods. The newly synthesized compounds (3a–o) were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic studies against four human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell lines), SK‐N‐SH (neuroblastoma cancer cell lines), HeLa (cervical cancer cell lines), and HepG2 (liver cancer cell lines), and the screening results show strong cytotoxic effects for most of the synthesized compounds against the three cell lines except SK‐N‐SH cells. Notably, compounds 3a, 3j, 3l, 3m, 3n, and 3o showed a highly potential activity against HeLa cells (IC50: 0.22, 0.3, 0.3, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.25 μM), while compounds 3i, 3k, 3l, and 3m showed a significant cytotoxic activity in HepG2 cells (IC50: 0.22, 0.44, 0.40, and 0.22 μM), whereas compounds 3a, 3b, 3d, and 3e exhibit a promising cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 cells (IC50: 0.73, 0.495, 0.493, and 0.66 μM).
A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐3‐oxoindoline‐2‐carboxylates Utilizing Aza‐Brook Rearrangement as a Crucial Step
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Katsurayama Haruna , Mizota Isao , Zhu Yusong
Published: July 2019

Synthesis of 2‐methyl‐3‐oxoindoline‐2‐carboxylates is developed using a bis(trimethylsilyl)aluminum chloride‐induced aza‐Brook rearrangement as a crucial step. Regarding the organoaluminum species, use of readily available tris(trimethylsilyl)aluminum·ether complex was not suitable for the present cyclization. After a series of examination of the reaction conditions, the aza‐Brook rearrangement and the subsequent cyclization with 2 equivalens of bis(trimethylsilyl)aluminum chloride were found to be the most effective. An application to the synthesis of a potential intermediate of duocarmycin A is also described, in which ozonolysis of the styrenyl moiety and the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation of the hydroxymethyl group were successfully carried out.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Substituted 2‐Aryl Benzimidazoles Derivatives
Authors: Huang Daye , Qiu Fang , Zhang Zhigang , Shi Liqiao , Cao Chunxia , Ke Shaoyong
Published: July 2019

Benzimidazole fungicides were among the early systemic fungicides developed and used for controlling a wide variety of plant diseases. During the course of our screening process for active compounds, two 2‐aryl benzimidazoles derivatives bearing sulfoxide group (6b and 6c) have been demonstrated to exhibit good inhibition activity against high‐resistant isolate of Botrytis cinerea compared with carbendazim, and the inhibition rates are up to 46.67% and 51.11% at the concentration of 10 μg/mL, which might be considered as the active framework for the discovery of novel fungicide to high‐resistant isolate of B. cinerea.
Normal values of native T1 and T2 relaxation times on 3T cardiac MR in a healthy pediatric population aged 9–18 years
Authors: Barczuk‐Falęcka Marzena , Małek Łukasz A. , Werys Konrad , Roik Danuta , Adamus Kalina , Brzewski Michał
Published: July 2019

Background

Native myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times are diagnostic tools used in clinical practice for adult and pediatric populations. Use of a mapping technique requires accurate knowledge of normal ranges in healthy patients, which is lacking in pediatric populations.

Purpose

To establish normal values for native T1 and T2 mapping in healthy pediatric subjects of different ages and sex.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Thirty‐eight healthy children (9–18 years; mean age 14.0 ± 2.7).

Field Strength

Cardiac MR with a 3T scanner. T1 and T2 mapping using MyoMaps software.

Assessment

T1 and T2 relaxation times were calculated from a 0.7–1.0 cm2 region of interest placed at the mid‐ventricular short‐axis slice in the interventricular septum by two observers. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was assessed.

Statistical Tests

The Student's t‐test or the Mann–Whitney test for unpaired samples was applied to compare one continuous variable between two category groups. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or a Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to compare one continuous variable between three category groups. Correlation between two continuous variables was assessed with a Pearson or Spearman test.

Results

The mean native T1 relaxation time was 1223 ± 29 msec and T2 relaxation time was 43 ± 4.5 msec. There was no correlation between T1/T2 values and age or body surface area (for T1 P = 0.94 and 0.90 and for T2 P = 0.19 and 0.64, respectively). There was weak correlation between T1 values and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.448, P = 0.005). T2 values were significantly higher in females compared with males (44.6 ± 4.2 vs. 40.4 ± 3.8 msec, P = 0.002). We found a significant rise of T2 relaxation time in the pubertal period (age 13–15 years) comparing to prepubertal (age 9–12 years). Inter‐ and intraobserver agreement of T1 (r = 0.93; r = 0.99) and T2 (r = 0.96; r = 0.95) were high.

Data Conclusion

We report normal values of native T1 and T2 relaxation times obtained with Myomaps software for 3T cardiac MR in a healthy pediatric population.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:912–918.
Revisiting the relationships of 2D:4D with androgen receptor (AR) gene and current testosterone levels: Replication study and meta‐analyses
Authors: zhang Kejin , Yang Xing , zhang Mengfei , Wang Chunlan , Fang Pengpeng , Xue Mengying , Zhao Jing , Gao Xiaocai , Pan Ruliang , Gong Pingyuan
Published: July 2019

The relationships of digit ratio (2D:4D) with the length of AR (CAG)n, and testosterone levels from saliva and blood have been extensively debated over the years. This research including three studies further clarifies such controversies. To do so, we re‐examined the relationships between the length of AR (CAG)n, 2D:4D, and current testosterone levels, through replication study and meta‐analysis for each study. The results indicate: (a) the length of AR (CAG)n is not significantly associated with 2D:4D; (b) current testosterone levels are not significantly associated with the ratio; and (c) the length is not significantly associated with testosterone levels. Thus, AR (CAG)n and current testosterone levels are not significantly related to 2D:4D at individual level.
Variability of monsoon low‐level jet and associated rainfall over India
Authors: Viswanadhapalli Yesubabu , Dasari Hari Prasad , Dwivedi Sanjeev , Madineni Venkat Ratnam , Langodan Sabique , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

The structure and climatology of the monsoon low‐level jet (MLLJ) is studied based on dynamically downscaled simulations over a 37‐year period (1980–2016) using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model. The simulations are conducted by adopting a continuous initialization method with daily re‐initializations using ERA‐Interim data as initial and boundary conditions. Validation of the downscaled fields with radiosonde data shows that the model has reasonable skill in reproducing MLLJ characteristics. Analysis of the simulations suggests that the MLLJ exhibits systematic diurnal variation: maximum winds of the synoptically induced large‐scale monsoon jet occur during the daytime, and the orographic channelled winds through the mountains of East Africa, Hejaz, and Western Ghats in the night‐time. These diurnal changes in monsoon winds modulate the moisture convergence process and the associated evolution of rainfall over India. Seasonal and monthly climatology of monsoon winds shows that the model accurately reproduces the spatial pattern of winds and slightly overestimates (2–3 m/s) the mean monthly winds over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Seas. Analysis of wind variability and the trends using 37 years simulations suggests that the MLLJ exhibits an increasing trend in wind speed on both seasonal and monthly scales, except for August which shows a decreasing trend. The weakening of the MLLJ in August has a profound influence on the number of monsoon depressions forming over the Bay of Bengal (which are decreasing), and on the number of break days (which are increasing) and associated precipitation reduction over the central Indian region.