bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced lateralization of the language network in the blind and its relationship with white matter tract neuroanatomy
Authors: Dzięgiel-Fivet Gabriela , Jednoróg Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

Several previous studies reported reduced leftward lateralization in blind participants’ samples compared to the sighted population. The origins of this difference remain unknown. Here, we tested whether functional lateralization is connected with the structural characteristics of white matter tracts [corpus callosum (CC), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF)], as suggested by previous studies conducted in the typical sighted population. Twenty-three blind and 21 sighted adult participants were tested during fMRI with a semantic decision paradigm presented both auditorily and in the modality appropriate for reading (tactually for the blind and visually for the sighted). Lateralization indices (LI) were calculated based on the activations. The fractional anisotropy (FA) measure was extracted from the white matter tracts of interest. Correlation analyses testing the relationship between FA and LI were conducted. The reduced leftward lateralization of both speech processing and reading-related activations was replicated. Nevertheless, the relationship between the structural integrity of the CC and LI and between the asymmetry of the intrahemispheric tracts and LI was not confirmed, possibly due to the lack of power. The sources of the reduced lateralization of the language network in the sensory-deprived population remain unknown. Further studies should account for environmental variables (e.g., the frequency of contact with written language) and the complexity of the factors that may influence the functional lateralization of the human brain.
Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil triggers depression followed by CNS excitability in Wistar rats
Authors: Bastos de Araújo Daniella , Raiol de Almeida Ysis Nayhara , Otake Hamoy Maria Klara , Vasconcelos de Souza Luana , Pacheco Hartcopff Priscille Fidelis , Gonçalves dos Santos Rodrigo , Santos da Silva Lívia Letícia , Lima da Rocha Lucas , Farias dos Santos Murilo , da Silva Deiga Yris , da Cunha Ferreira Rayllan , Vieira de Souza Raíssa , Barbosa Gabriela Brito , Hamoy Moisés
Published: August 2024

The essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) (EORO) is widely used in folk medicine and has proven therapeutic effects. Our research evaluated high doses of rosemary essential oil in 54 Wistar rats between 180 and 200 g. The study consisted of three experiments: 1) behavioral monitoring of the animals after administration of 500 mg/kg i.p.; 2) electrocorticographic records after drug administration; 3) anticonvulsant drug reaction, where phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam 10 mg/kg i.p were applied. The results showed that the application of EORO presented two phases. Phase 1 was characterized by the appearance of myorelaxation and a reduction in the power of the electrocorticogram in low-frequency cerebral oscillations. Phase 2 was characterized by increased excitability, with the appearance of convulsions and the increased power of electrocorticographic recordings in cerebral oscillations up to 40 Hz. In this phase, three tracing patterns were observed. Beta oscillations were the most prevalent and were better controlled by diazepam, which demonstrates that the excitatory activity of EORO is related to the reduction of GABAergic activity.
No QTc prolongation with CDK 4/6 inhibitor FCN-437c: results of a concentration-QTc analysis from a dedicated study in adult healthy subjects
Authors: Zhao Lin , Sun Yi , Yang Xiaoran , Tian Ling , Li Lize , Wang Fangfang , Niu Xiaoye , Diao Lei , Li Haiyan
Published: August 2024

Cardiotoxicity and QT interval prolongation have been a common cause of withdrawal of drugs from the market. FCN-437c is an oral, second-generation, potent, and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. A single-center, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical study in healthy subjects was conducted to investigate the QTc prolongation potential of FCN-437c utilizing Concentration-QTc (C-QTc) modeling approach. FCN-437c was administered at doses of 300, and 400 mg with single oral administration, along with placebo, in 18 healthy subjects. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) through 24 h holter monitor and blood samples were collected. The Cmax of 400 mg single dose in healthy subjects is similar to that from therapeutic dose 200 mg QD at steady state in patients with cancer. The 90% CI upper limit of ΔΔQTcF at the Cmax geometric mean in both dose groups were <10 ms. It is concluded that FCN-437c has low risk of prolonging the QT interval at therapeutic dose.

Systematic Review Registration:

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06290466?term=NCT06290466&rank=1, identifier [NCT06290466].
Variables influencing truth reconciliation commissions to promote post-conflict peacebuilding and statebuilding in Africa: a South African experience
Authors: Niyitunga Eric B.
Published: August 2024

Truth and reconciliation commissions (TRCs) are understood to offer cheap justice, a justice not bound by the law. South African experience in the post-apartheid era shows that they are significant tools for peacebuilding as well as statebuilding. The experience shows that the use of TRCs has created an authoritative record of what happened; enabled the victims to tell their stories without fear or embarrassment, and recommended legislative, structural and institutional reforms that avoided the repetition of past abuses. Successful peace and statebuilding are based on the above in order to achieve sustainable peace. TRCs promote rule of law, human rights protection, and ensure healing and freedom for all. However, the relapses of conflicts and political tensions, intercommunal hatred and divisions in African countries, create more questions than answers. These continuous issues show that TRCs have instead not resolved conflicts. The paper found that TRCs can only lead to successful peacebuilding and statebuilding if there is willingness on the side of the citizens as well as their political leaders. There is need to learn from the South African experience to ensure that TRCs lead to successful peacebuilding and statebuilding. The paper relied on historical research designed to study TRCs in Africa.
Mirtazapine decreased cocaine-induced c-fos expression and dopamine release in rats
Authors: Barbosa-Méndez Susana , Salazar-Juárez Alberto
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Chronic cocaine exposure induces an increase in dopamine release and an increase in the expression of the Fos protein in the rat striatum. It has been suggested that both are necessary for the expression of cocaine-induced alterations in behavior and neural circuitry. Mirtazapine dosing attenuated the cocaine-induced psychomotor and reinforcer effects.

Methods

The study evaluates the effect of chronic dosing of mirtazapine on cocaine-induced extracellular dopamine levels and Fos protein expression in rats. Male Wistar rats received cocaine (10 mg/Kg; i.p.) during the induction and expression of locomotor sensitization. The mirtazapine (30 mg/Kg; MIR), was administered 30 minutes before cocaine during the cocaine withdrawal. After each treatment, the locomotor activity was recorded for 30 minutes. Animals were sacrificed after treatment administration. Dopamine levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) in the ventral striatum, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in animals treated with mirtazapine and cocaine. The quantification of c-fos immunoreactive cells was carried out by stereology analysis.

Results

Mirtazapine generated a decrease in cocaine-induced locomotor activity. In addition, mirtazapine decreased the amount of cocaine-induced dopamine and the number of cells immunoreactive to the Fos protein in the striatum, PFC, and VTA.

Discussion

These data suggest that mirtazapine could prevent the consolidation of changes in behavior and the cocaine-induced reorganization of neuronal circuits. It would explain the mirtazapine-induced effects on cocaine behavioral sensitization. Thus, these data together could support its possible use for the treatment of patients with cocaine use disorder.
Designing measures of complex collaborations with participatory, evidence-centered design
Authors: Farrell Caitlin C. , Penuel William R. , Arce-Trigatti Paula , Soland James , Singleton Corinne , Resnick Alison Fox , Stamatis Kristina , Riedy Robbin , Henrick Erin , Sexton Stacey , Wellberg Sarah , Schmidt Danny
Published: August 2024

An increasingly popular form of collaboration involves forming partnerships among researchers, educators, and community members to improve or transform education systems through research inquiry. However, not all partnerships are successful. The field needs valid, reliable, and useful measures to help with assessing progress toward partnership goals. In this community case study, we present a participatory, mixed-methods approach for creating measures to assess the progress of education research-practice partnerships (RPPs). The case illustrates a novel approach to measurement design, driven by perspectives and feedback of over 300 members of 80 partnerships. As a result, the measures align with the values and practices of the very collaborations the measures were intended to assess.
Enhancing nutritional and functional properties of gluten-free Riceberry rice pasta supplemented with cricket powder using D-optimal mixture design
Authors: Musika Jirayu , Kapcum Chutikarn , Itthivadhanapong Pimchada , Musika Thanawan , Hanmontree Pannapa , Piayura Sumeth
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to develop gluten-free Riceberry rice pasta supplemented with cricket powder using a twin-screw extruder, contributing valuable knowledge to increasing the nutritional value of pasta through sustainable practices, nutritional enhancement, and novel ingredients. The D-optimal mixture design, an effective statistical tool for optimizing formulation, was used to determine the optimal proportions of Riceberry rice flour (RF, 75–90%), cricket powder (CP, 5–20%), and xanthan gum (XG, 1–5%). The results showed that all predictive models were statistically significant with satisfactory coefficients of determination (R2 ≥ 0.75), and exhibited a non-significant lack of fit. The contour plot demonstrated that pasta with high RF, XG, and low CP contents had the lowest L* and highest a* values. The incorporation of XG increased firmness, while an increase in CP led to higher protein and fat contents in the pasta. A decrease in RF resulted in reduced total phenolic content (TPC), anthocyanin content (ATC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity (AOA). The sensory evaluation scores of the pasta, in terms of the texture attribute and overall acceptance, decreased as the proportion of XG increased. The optimization analysis showed that the highest desirability was achieved with RF, CP, and XG at 84.10, 14.45, and 1.45%, respectively. The optimally desirable product had the following properties: L* at 22.60, a* at 4.80, b* at 4.78, firmness at 3.41 N, protein content at 12.57%, fat content at 4.68%, TPC at 360.13 mg GAE/100 g dw, ATC at 476.24 mg C3G/100 g dw, AOA at 25.10 mg TE/100 g dw, texture rating at 7.40, and overall acceptance rating at 7.01. This study highlights the potential of cricket powder as a protein source in gluten-free Riceberry rice pasta. It offers insights into the effects of ingredients on pasta quality and facilitates the development of nutritious and appealing gluten-free pasta.
Fibroblast activation protein is a cellular marker of fibrotic activity in canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Rizzoli Elodie , de Meeûs d'Argenteuil Constance , Fastrès Aline , Roels Elodie , Janssen Pierre , Puré Ellen , Garigliany Mutien-Marie , Marichal Thomas , Clercx Cécile
Published: August 2024

Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, afflicting aging West Highland white terriers (WHWTs) and leading to progressive respiratory failure. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a protease overexpressed in many cancers, is upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate FAP as a marker of active fibrosis in lung biopsies from WHWTs affected with CIPF, as well as the potential of plasmatic FAP as a biomarker. After establishing a scoring system to evaluate the severity and activity of fibrosis on histopathological lung sections, anti-FAP immunohistochemistry was performed on healthy and CIPF samples. FAP expression was characterized using both visual and digital quantitative pathology software analyses and then correlated to fibrosis severity and activity. Levels of plasmatic FAP in WHWTs affected with CIPF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with healthy dogs. Lung samples from 22 WHWTs affected with CIPF were collected. According to the fibrosis scoring system, they were classified as cases of mild (5), moderate (9) and severe (8) fibrosis and were attributed scores of fibrosis activity. Fifteen healthy lung samples were classified as non-fibrotic. Healthy lung samples were FAP-negative, whereas fibroblasts were FAP-positive in 20 CIPF samples. FAP immunohistochemical expression correlated mildly with fibrosis severity (p < 0.05; R2 = 0.22) but highly with fibrosis activity scores (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.68). Digital image analysis detected a higher percentage of FAP-positive cells in areas of active fibrosis (p < 0.001) and FAP-positive cells were distributed outside mature fibrosis lesions, clustered in active fibrosis areas or scattered within alveolar septa. On the other hand, plasmatic FAP was significantly lower in dogs affected with CIPF compared with healthy dogs (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study provides a valuable histological scoring system to assess the severity and activity of fibrosis in CIPF. It demonstrates that FAP is a good cellular marker of fibrotic activity in CIPF, and thus constitutes a promising target to be exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Additionally, it suggests that plasmatic FAP, although non-specific, could be altered in CIPF.
Management of Arteriovenous Fistula After Successful Kidney Transplantation in Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Janeckova Jana , Bachleda Petr , Utikal Petr , Orsag Jirir
Published: August 2024

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best method of vascular access for hemodialysis. This approach can lead to several complications, such as hyperkinetic heart failure due to a hyperfunctional AVF or dilatation of the feeding artery. These are late complications, especially in patients after a successful kidney transplantation. An observational study was performed focusing on patients more than 12 months after kidney transplantation. The AVF was evaluated by ultrasound and, if the outflow exceeded 1.5 L/min, an echocardiogram was performed. Surgical management was indicated if the cardiac index was higher than 3.9 L/min/m2 or upon finding a brachial artery aneurysm. A total of 208 post- kidney transplantation patients were examined over a 3-year period, of which 46 subjects (22.11%) had hyperfunctional AVF and 34 cases (16.34%) of feeding artery dilatation were determined. In total, 40 AVF flow reduction and 6 AVF ligation procedures were performed. The median AVF flow before and after the reduction was 2955 mL/min and 1060 mL/min, respectively. Primary patency after flow reduction was 88.3% at 12 months. Late AVF complications in patients following kidney transplantation are quite common. It is necessary to create a screening program to monitor AVFs in these patients.
A Non-Smooth Numerical Optimization Approach to the Three-Point Dubins Problem (3PDP)
Authors: Piazza Mattia , Bertolazzi Enrico , Frego Marco
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel non-smooth numerical optimization approach for solving the Three-Point Dubins Problem (3PDP). The 3PDP requires determining the shortest path of bounded curvature that connects given initial and final positions and orientations while traversing a specified waypoint. The inherent discontinuity of this problem precludes the use of conventional optimization algorithms. We propose two innovative methods specifically designed to address this challenge. These methods not only effectively solve the 3PDP but also offer significant computational efficiency improvements over existing state-of-the-art techniques. Our contributions include the formulation of these new algorithms, a detailed analysis of their theoretical foundations, and their implementation. Additionally, we provide a thorough comparison with current leading approaches, demonstrating the superior performance of our methods in terms of accuracy and computational speed. This work advances the field of path planning in robotics, providing practical solutions for applications requiring efficient and precise motion planning.
In-Depth Analysis of GAF-Net: Comparative Fusion Approaches in Video-Based Person Re-Identification
Authors: Boujou Moncef , Iguernaissi Rabah , Nicod Lionel , Merad Djamal , Dubuisson Séverine
Published: August 2024

This study provides an in-depth analysis of GAF-Net, a novel model for video-based person re-identification (Re-ID) that matches individuals across different video sequences. GAF-Net combines appearance-based features with gait-based features derived from skeletal data, offering a new approach that diverges from traditional silhouette-based methods. We thoroughly examine each module of GAF-Net and explore various fusion methods at the both score and feature levels, extending beyond initial simple concatenation. Comprehensive evaluations on the iLIDS-VID and MARS datasets demonstrate GAF-Net’s effectiveness across scenarios. GAF-Net achieves state-of-the-art 93.2% rank-1 accuracy on iLIDS-VID’s long sequences, while MARS results (86.09% mAP, 89.78% rank-1) reveal challenges with shorter, variable sequences in complex real-world settings. We demonstrate that integrating skeleton-based gait features consistently improves Re-ID performance, particularly with long, more informative sequences. This research provides crucial insights into multi-modal feature integration in Re-ID tasks, laying a foundation for the advancement of multi-modal biometric systems for diverse computer vision applications.
Brushless DC Motor Sizing Algorithm for Small UAS Conceptual Designers
Authors: Saemi Farid , Benedict Moble
Published: August 2024

Accurately sizing vehicle components is an impactful step in the aircraft design process. However, existing methods of sizing brushless DC (BLDC) motors for small unmanned aerial systems (SUAS) ignore how cooling affects motor size. Moreover, the literature methods do not predict a notional motor’s electrical constants, namely winding resistance, torque constant, and figure of merit. We developed a sizing algorithm that predicts the optimal mass and electrical constants using a combination of sizing, efficiency, and thermal models. The algorithm works for radial-flux BLDC motors with masses up to 800 g. An experimental teardown of seven motors informed the algorithm’s sizing models. The teardown motors varied in mass (24–600 g) and geometry (stator aspect ratio of 1.4–9.0). Validated against an independent catalog of 30 motors, the sizing models predicted mass and resistance within 10% and 20% of catalog specifications, respectively. Validated against experimental data, the full algorithm predicted mass, efficiency, and temperature within 20%, 5%, and 10% accuracy, respectively. The algorithm also captured how lowering mass would increase losses and temperature, which the literature models ignore. The algorithm can help users develop more viable concepts that save costs in the long run.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Plasma-Laser-Induced Ignition of Strut Stabilizer at Different Locations
Authors: Jia Xin , Hu Bin , Zhao Wei , Zeng Wen , Peng Jiangbo , Zhao Qingjun
Published: August 2024

The minimum ignition equivalence ratio of the strut stabilizer is an important parameter in the design of integrated afterburners. The ignition location significantly affects the ignition equivalence ratio and flame propagation, and therefore, it should be deeply studied. The ignition equivalence ratio and flame propagation at different axial ignition locations downstream of the strut stabilizer are studied in this paper. When the ignition distance is approximately the bluff body trailing edge width, a lower ignition equivalence ratio is required for ignition, and the flame propagates faster through the entire combustion chamber. For different ignition locations, the generated flame kernel at different locations all first propagates to the shear layer. Subsequently, the unilateral flame rapidly extends, ultimately igniting the entire combustion chamber. The flame propagation trajectory depends on the ignition location controlled by the non-reacting flow field and the distribution of kerosene concentration. The flame propagation trajectory mainly includes three paths: (1) the flame kernel is directly downstream the shear layer when the ignition location is close to the tail edge of the stabilizer, (2) the flame propagates upstream into the shear layer in a U-shape when the ignition location is far from the stabilizer but still in the recirculation zone, and (3) the flame propagates upstream into the recirculation zone and shear layer in a U-shape when the ignition location is outside the recirculation zone. In addition, the time for flame propagation to the shear layer is directly related to the ignition performance when the ignition location is within the recirculation zone. If the flame reaches the shear layer in a longer time, there will be more energy loss during the flame propagation process, and the ignition performance will deteriorate. The speed of the flame-trailing edge extension is directly related to the ignition fuel-air ratio, and the downstream extension of the flame is mainly affected by the turbulence velocity in the shear layer.
Framework for Numerical 6DOF Simulation with Focus on a Wing Deforming UAV in Perch Landing
Authors: Tay Wee-Beng , Chan Woei-Leong , Chong Ren-Ooi , Tay Chien-Ming Jonathan
Published: August 2024

The perch landing maneuver of a wing-deforming unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was investigated through a framework that uses the free, open-source OpenFOAM with 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF) simulations. The framework uses a moving grid to follow the trajectory of the UAV, reducing computational resources. Together with the ability to allow internal grid deformation, sliding mesh, and algorithm addition, it can accurately mimic the entire landing process. Different wing deformation speeds, additional elevator rotation and emulated propeller lift were added to the 6DOF simulations to investigate their effects on the landing maneuver. The results showed that the wing deformation retraction speed has a considerable effect on the trajectory and velocity of the UAV. The wing deformation reduced the forward velocity of the UAV by 32%, from 13.89 to 9 m/s. With the elevator control, the velocity was reduced to 5 m/s. Lastly, and an activation time of 1 s for the emulated propeller lift can further decrease the velocity to around 4.2 m/s. A better algorithm for the emulated propeller lift may be able to give a superior performance. This framework allows us to understand the underlying perch landing maneuver aerodynamics. It can also be used on problems like fast-turning agile and flapping wing flight.
Evaluating Impacts of Biochar and Inorganic Fertilizer Applications on Soil Quality and Maize Yield Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Faloye Oluwaseun Temitope , Ajayi Ayodele Ebenezer , Kamchoom Viroon , Akintola Olayiwola Akin , Oguntunde Philip Gbenro
Published: August 2024

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to test the effects of individual and co-application of biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil quality using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. The dry season field experiments were performed with biochar applied at 0 and 20 t ha−1, and fertilizer at 300 and 0 kg ha−1 (control). The factorial combinations of the above-mentioned treatments were subjected to irrigation at 60, 80, and 100% of irrigation amounts (IAs). Soil hydro-physical and chemical properties and grain yield were determined at harvest. Results from the PCA indicated that the soil total nitrogen (N) and moisture content (MC) were the soil properties mostly affecting the grain yield. The amendments’ effects on the soil physico-chemical properties and maize yield were in the order control < biochar < fertilizer < biochar + fertilizer. The derived comprehensive soil quality index (CSQI) from the PCA showed that the soil quality increased by 76, 100, and 200% in treatments individually applied with biochar, inorganic fertilizer, and the co-applications. This study therefore showed that the PCA revealed the actual dynamics in soil properties, in terms of the SQI upon the soil amendment addition, as well as their relationship with maize yield under different weather conditions.
One Turán Type Problem on Uniform Hypergraphs
Authors: Wang Linlin , Liu Sujuan
Published: August 2024

Let n,m,p,r∈N with p≥n≥r. For a hypergraph, if each edge has r vertices, then the hypergraph is called an r-graph. Define er(n,m;p) to be the maximum number of edges of an r-graph with p vertices in which every subgraph of n vertices has at most m edges. Researching this function constitutes a Turán type problem. In this paper, on the one hand, for fixed p, we present some results about the exact values of er(n,m;p) for small m compared to n; on the other hand, for sufficient large p, we use the combinatorial technique of double counting to give an upper bound of e(n,m;p) and obtain a lower bound of er(n,m;p) by applying the lower bound of the independent set of a hypergraph.
Critical Permeability from Resummation
Authors: Gluzman Simon
Published: August 2024

Special calculation methods are presented for critical indices and amplitudes for the permeability of thin wavy channels dependent on the waviness. The effective permeability and wetted perimeter of the two-dimensional random percolating media are considered as well. A special mathematical framework is developed to characterize the dependencies on porosities, critical points, and indices. Various approximation techniques are applied without involving popular lubrication approximation in any sense. In particular, the Borel summation technique is applied to the effective polynomial approximations with or without optimization. Minimal difference and minimal derivative optimal conditions are adapted to calculations of critical indices and amplitudes for the effective permeability of thin wavy channels. Critical indices, amplitudes, and thresholds are obtained for the effective permeability and wetted perimeter of the two-dimensional percolating random media. Closed-form expressions for all porosities, critical points, and indices are calculated from the polynomial approximations for the first time.
Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Characteristics of High-Nickel Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries under Normal and Low Pressures
Authors: Jin Ye , Meng Di , Zhao Chen-Xi , Yu Jia-Ling , Wang Xue-Hui , Wang Jian
Published: August 2024

High-nickel (Ni) ternary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in low-pressure environments such as in the aviation industry, but their attribute of high energy density poses significant fire hazards, especially under low pressure where thermal runaway behavior is complex, thus requiring relevant experiments. This study investigates the thermal runaway characteristics of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811) 18650 LIBs at different states of charge (SOCs) (75%, 100%) under various ambient pressures (101 kPa, 80 kPa, 60 kPa, 40 kPa). The results show that, as the pressure is decreased from 101 kPa to 40 kPa, the onset time of thermal runaway is extended by 28.2 s for 75% SOC and by 40.8 s for 100% SOC; accordingly, the onset temperature of thermal runaway increases by 19.3 °C for 75% SOC and by 33.5 °C for 100% SOC; the maximum surface temperature decreases by 70.8 °C for 75% SOC and by 68.2 °C for 100% SOC. The cell mass loss and loss rate slightly decrease with reduced pressure. However, ambient pressure has little impact on the time and temperature of venting as well as the voltage drop time. SEM/EDS analysis verifies that electrolyte evaporates faster under low pressure. Furthermore, the oxygen concentration is lower under low pressure, which consequently leads to a delay in thermal runaway. This study contributes to understanding thermal runaway characteristics of high-Ni ternary LIBs and provides guidance for their safe application in low-pressure aviation environments.
Advances in Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Bone Infections
Authors: Dantas Leticia Ramos , Ortis Gabriel Burato , Suss Paula Hansen , Tuon Felipe Francisco
Published: August 2024

Reconstructive and regenerative medicine are critical disciplines dedicated to restoring tissues and organs affected by injury, disease, or congenital anomalies. These fields rely on biomaterials like synthetic polymers, metals, ceramics, and biological tissues to create substitutes that integrate seamlessly with the body. Personalized implants and prosthetics, designed using advanced imaging and computer-assisted techniques, ensure optimal functionality and fit. Regenerative medicine focuses on stimulating natural healing mechanisms through cellular therapies and biomaterial scaffolds, enhancing tissue regeneration. In bone repair, addressing defects requires advanced solutions such as bone grafts, essential in medical and dental practices worldwide. Bovine bone scaffolds offer advantages over autogenous grafts, reducing surgical risks and costs. Incorporating antimicrobial properties into bone substitutes, particularly with metals like zinc, copper, and silver, shows promise in preventing infections associated with graft procedures. Silver nanoparticles exhibit robust antimicrobial efficacy, while zinc nanoparticles aid in infection prevention and support bone healing; 3D printing technology facilitates the production of customized implants and scaffolds, revolutionizing treatment approaches across medical disciplines. In this review, we discuss the primary biomaterials and their association with antimicrobial agents.
Trajectory of Irisin as a Predictor of Kidney-Related Outcomes in Patients with Asymptomatic Heart Failure
Authors: Berezina Tetiana A. , Berezin Oleksandr O. , Hoppe Uta C. , Lichtenauer Michael , Berezin Alexander E.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study is to elucidate whether irisin is a promising predictive biomarker for kidney-related events in patients with T2DM and concomitant asymptomatic HF. We prospectively enrolled 146 T2DM patients who had either evidence of structural cardiac abnormality or elevated levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) > 125 pmol/mL and followed them for 52 weeks. Structural cardiac abnormalities were used as the minimum from the following criteria: abnormal left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) < −16%, LV hypertrophy, left atrial volume index > 34 mL/m2, abnormal ratio of early transmitral diastolic filling velocity/early mitral annular velocity ≥ 13 units. All the patients underwent echocardiographic and Doppler examinations by two blinded, highly experienced echocardiographers. NT-proBNP, irisin, TNF-alpha, and hs-CRP were quantified in the serum at baseline, at 26 weeks, and at the end of the study. The kidney-related outcomes consisted of an eGFR reduction by 40% from baseline, or end-stage kidney disease, or kidney replacement therapy. We found that levels of irisin at baseline < 4.15 ng/mL and/or its decrease > 20% from baseline in T2DM patients predicted kidney-related events better than baseline levels/dynamic NT-proBNP and the use of SGLT2 inhibitors. In conclusion, we established that a low baseline level of irisin and its 20% decrease correlated with newly kidney-related events in T2DM patients with asymptomatic HFpEF/HFmrEF.
An Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Pulmonary Embolism and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chang Yaw-Jen , Siao Fu-Yuan , Lin En-Yu
Published: August 2024

Due to the clinical similarities between pulmonary embolism (PE) and myocardial infarction (MI), physicians often encounter challenges in promptly distinguishing between them, potentially missing the critical window for the correct emergency response. This paper presents a biosensor, termed the PEMI biosensor, which is designed for the identification and quantitative detection of pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction. The surface of the working electrode of the PEMI biosensor was modified with graphene oxide and silk fibroin to immobilize the mixture of antibodies. Linear sweep voltammetry was employed to measure the current-to-potential mapping of analytes, with the calculated curvature serving as a judgment index. Experimental results showed that the curvature exhibited a linear correlation with the concentration of antigen FVIII, and a linear inverse correlation with the concentration of antigen cTnI. Given that FVIII and cTnI coexist in humans, the upper and lower limits were determined from the curvatures of a set of normal concentrations of FVIII and cTnI. An analyte with a curvature exceeding the upper limit can be identified as pulmonary embolism, while a curvature falling below the lower limit indicates myocardial infarction. Additionally, the further the curvature deviates from the upper or lower limits, the more severe the condition. The PEMI biosensor can serve as an effective detection platform for physicians.
Temporal Pattern Analysis of Ultrasound Surveillance Data in Vascular Connective Tissue Disorders
Authors: Walter Corinna , Leinweber Maria Elisabeth , Mlekusch Irene , Assadian Afshin , Hofmann Amun Georg
Published: August 2024

Background: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), Marfan syndrome (MFS), and Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) are connective tissue disorders frequently associated with vascular aneurysm formation, dissections, and subsequent major complications. Regular imaging surveillance is recommended for these conditions. However, no guidelines currently exist regarding imaging modality or surveillance intervals. Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study analyzed clinical and imaging data of patients attending an outpatient clinic for vascular connective tissue disorders between August 2008 and January 2024. Imaging (1424 data points in total) and clinical data were extracted from electronic health records. Analysis primarily included a comparison of vessel diameter progression across imaging modalities, with an additional review of the clinical history of vascular events. Results: In total, 19 patients with vascular connective tissue disorders (vCTDs) underwent consultations at our outpatient clinic. Nine (47.4%) patients experienced vascular events, while two (10.5%) passed away during the study period. Multimodal imaging surveillance revealed a tendency towards arterial diameter increase. Consistent ultrasound monitoring provided more reliable diameter progression data for the same arterial segment than a combination of imaging modalities. Temporal analysis indicated a tendency for the continuous growth of the abdominal aorta, the common and internal carotid artery, and the common femoral and popliteal artery. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of standardized, modality-specific imaging protocols in monitoring patients with vCTDs. The variability in disease progression among these patients further complicates surveillance strategies, contemplating the need for individualized approaches. Further research and prospective multicenter studies are required to refine and improve monitoring protocols.
The Frequency of Risk Factors for Cleft Lip and Palate in Mexico: A Systematic Review
Authors: López-Verdín Sandra , Solorzano-López Judith A. , Bologna-Molina Ronell , Molina-Frechero Nelly , Tremillo-Maldonado Omar , Toral-Rizo Victor H. , González-González Rogelio
Published: August 2024

Background: Cleft lip and palate is an anomaly that affects both women and men. It is considered to be among the most frequent congenital abnormalities and is related to modifications in chromosomal DNA and multiple genetic alterations. This anomaly can also be associated with various environmental factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, medication use, and exposure to different environmental and industrial toxic substances. The objective of this study was to document the frequency of risk factors related to cleft lip and palate through a systematic review of Mexican studies. Methods: In this systematic review, a bibliographic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in the databases Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and EBSCO. Keywords related to cleft lip and palate, epidemiology, and risk factors were used. In all, 3 independent reviewers (J.A.S.L., S.L.V., and N.M.F.) selected and evaluated a total of 17 articles included in this analysis, achieving a coefficient of κ = 0.84. Results: The analysis revealed that the highest frequency of conducted studies was in the State of Mexico. The most common risk factors identified were environmental, pharmacological, consumption habits, and gynecological factors. Conclusions: Identifying the main risk factors for cleft lip and palate in the Mexican population will enable the implementation of preventive measures aimed at reducing exposure to these factors. Additionally, early intervention can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.
Pulmonary Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Piórek Aleksandra , Płużański Adam , Wiśniewski Piotr , Tabor Sylwia , Winiarczyk Kinga , Knetki-Wróblewska Magdalena , Kowalski Dariusz M. , Krzakowski Maciej
Published: August 2024

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is a rare condition characterized by the spread of uterine leiomyomas to the lungs, typically observed in premenopausal women with a history of hysterectomy or myomectomy. This report presents a unique case of a postmenopausal woman, aged 65, that emphasizes the clinical, radiological, histologic, and immunohistochemical aspects of the disease. On presentation, the patient suffered from severe pain. On imaging, a sizable lung tumor was found. Histopathological examination and immunoprofiling confirmed PBML. The patient underwent various treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy, illustrating the challenges in managing PBML. A literature review underscores the rarity of PBML and its diverse clinical manifestations. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of PBML.
Dark-SLAM: A Robust Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Pipeline for an Unmanned Driving Vehicle in a Dark Night Environment
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Yan , Hou Pengshuai , Chen Xingquan , Shao Yule
Published: August 2024

Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) is significant in unmanned driving, being is used to locate vehicles and create environmental maps, and provides a basis for navigation and decision making. However, in inevitable dark night environments, the SLAM system still suffers from a decline in robustness and accuracy. In this regard, this paper proposes a VSLAM pipeline called DarkSLAM. The pipeline comprises three modules: Camera Attribute Adjustment (CAA), Image Quality Enhancement (IQE), and Pose Estimation (PE). The CAA module carefully studies the strategies used for setting the camera parameters in low-illumination environments, thus improving the quality of the original images. The IQE module performs noise-suppressed image enhancement for the purpose of improving image contrast and texture details. In the PE module, a lightweight feature extraction network is constructed and performs pseudo-supervised training on low-light datasets to achieve efficient and robust data association to obtain the pose. Through experiments on low-light public datasets and real-world experiments in the dark, the necessity of the CAA and IQE modules and the parameter coupling between these modules are verified, and the feasibility of DarkSLAM is finally verified. In particular, the scene in the experiment NEU-4am has no artificial light (the illumination in this scene is between 0.01 and 0.08 lux) and the DarkSLAM achieved an accuracy of 5.2729 m at a distance of 1794.33 m.
TransE-MTP: A New Representation Learning Method for Knowledge Graph Embedding with Multi-Translation Principles and TransE
Authors: Li Yongfang , Zhu Chunhua
Published: August 2024

The purpose of representation learning is to encode the entities and relations in a knowledge graph as low-dimensional and real-valued vectors through machine learning technology. Traditional representation learning methods like TransE, a method which models relationships by interpreting them as translations operating on the low-dimensional embeddings of a graph’s entities, are effective for learning the embeddings of knowledge bases, but struggle to effectively model complex relations like one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. To overcome the above issues, we introduce a new method for knowledge representation, reasoning, and completion based on multi-translation principles and TransE (TransE-MTP). By defining multiple translation principles (MTPs) for different relation types, such as one-to-one and complex relations like one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many, and combining MTPs with a typical translating-based model for modeling multi-relational data (TransE), the proposed method, TransE-MTP, ensures that multiple optimization objectives can be targeted and optimized during training on complex relations, thereby providing superior prediction performance. We implement a prototype of TransE-MTP to demonstrate its effectiveness at link prediction and triplet classification on two prominent knowledge graph datasets: Freebase and Wordnet. Our experimental results show that the proposed method enhanced the performance of both TransE and knowledge graph embedding by translating on hyperplanes (TransH), which confirms its effectiveness and competitiveness.
MADDPG-Based Deployment Algorithm for 5G Network Slicing
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Junwei , Yang Qianwen , Xu Chenglin , Zhao Feng
Published: August 2024

One of the core features of 5G networks is the ability to support multiple services on the same infrastructure, with network slicing being a key technology. However, existing network slicing architectures have limitations in efficiently handling slice requests with different requirements, particularly when addressing high-reliability and high-demand services, where many issues remain unresolved. For example, predicting whether actual physical resources can meet network slice request demands and achieving flexible, on-demand resource allocation for different types of slice requests are significant challenges. To address the need for more flexible and efficient service demands, this paper proposes a 5G network slicing deployment algorithm based on the Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG). Firstly, a new 5G network slicing deployment system framework is established, which measures resources for three typical 5G network slicing scenarios (eMBB, mMTC, uRLLC) and processes different types of slice requests by predicting slice request traffic. Secondly, by adopting the multi-agent approach of MADDPG, the algorithm enhances cooperation between multiple service requests, decentralizes action selection for requests, and schedules resources separately for the three types of slice requests, thereby optimizing resource allocation. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing algorithms in terms of resource efficiency and slice request acceptance rate, showcasing the advantages of multi-agent approaches in slice request handling.
Improved Fault Detection Using Shifting Window Data Augmentation of Induction Motor Current Signals
Authors: Wright Robert , Fajri Poria , Fu Xingang , Asrari Arash
Published: August 2024

Deep learning models have demonstrated potential in Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM) for rotating machinery, such as induction motors (IMs). However, their performance is significantly influenced by the size of the training dataset and the way signals are presented to the model. When trained on segmented signals over a fixed period, the model’s accuracy can decline when tested on signals that differ from the training interval or are randomly sampled. Conversely, models utilizing data augmentation techniques exhibit better generalization to unseen conditions. This paper highlights the bias introduced by traditional training methods towards specific periodic waveform sampling and proposes a new method to augment phase current signals during training using a shifting window technique. This approach is considered as a practical approach for motor current augmentation and is shown to enhance classification accuracy and improved generalization when compared to existing techniques.
Applied Machine Learning to Study the Movement of Air Masses in the Wind Farm Area
Authors: Kovalnogov Vladislav N. , Fedorov Ruslan V. , Chukalin Andrei V. , Klyachkin Vladimir N. , Tabakov Vladimir P. , Demidov Denis A.
Published: August 2024

Modeling the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in the area of a wind farm using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods allows us to study the characteristics of air movement, the shading effect, the influence of relief, etc., and can be actively used in studies of local territories where powerful wind farms are planned to be located. The operating modes of a wind farm largely depend on meteorological phenomena, the intensity and duration of which cause suboptimal operating modes of wind farms, which require the use of modern tools for forecasting and classifying precipitation. The methods and approaches used to predict meteorological phenomena are well known. However, for designed and operated wind farms, the influence of meteorological phenomena on the operating modes, such as freezing rain and hail, remains an urgent problem. This study presents a multi-layered neural network for the classification of precipitation zones, designed to identify adverse meteorological phenomena for wind farms according to weather stations. The neural network receives ten inputs and has direct signal propagation between six hidden layers. During the training of the neural network, an overall accuracy of 81.78%, macro-average memorization of 81.07%, and macro-average memorization of 75.05% were achieved. The neural network is part of an analytical module for making decisions on the application of control actions (control of the boundary layer of the atmosphere by injection of silver iodide, ionization, etc.) and the formation of the initial conditions for CFD modeling. Using the example of the Ulyanovsk wind farm, a study on the movement of air masses in the area of the wind farm was conducted using the initial conditions of the neural network. Digital models of wind turbines and terrain were created in the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software package, version 2022.1; an approach based on a LES model using an actuating drive disk model (ADM) was implemented for modeling, allowing calculation with an error not exceeding 5%. According to the results of the modeling of the current layout of the wind turbines of the Ulyanovsk wind farm, a significant overlap of the turbulent wake of the wind turbines and an increase in the speed deficit in the area of the wind farm were noted, which significantly reduced its efficiency. A shortage of speed in the near and far tracks was determined for special cases of group placement of wind turbines.