bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Fruit Flies in Guava Through Male Annihilation Technique
Authors: S. Manisegaran
Published: August 2022

Study on the management of fruit flies through male annihilation was undertaken on guava in five farmers’ orchards. Three orchards were installed with methyl eugenol traps @ 10, 20 and 40 traps/ ha. One orchard with 25 methyl eugenol traps/ ha as per the recommended package of practices (POP) of TNAU and without any trap was used as control. Significantly maximum catch of 178.83 males/ trap/ fortnight was caught with 40 traps, followed by the one with TNAU POP traps (100.25/ trap/ fortnight). The least fruit damage was (6.14%) in orchard where 40 traps were placed. TNAU POP traps placed orchard revealed the least fruit damage (10.71%).
Evaluation of Coriander Genotypes for Resistance to Coriander Aphid Hyadaphis coriandri (Das)
Authors: Swami Dinesh , Jat B. L.
Published: August 2022

Twelve genotypes of coriander were evaluated against coriander aphid Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The genotypes viz., RCr-435, RCr-436, RCr-446 and RCr-684 were categorized as least susceptible; RCr-475, RCr-480, RCr-728 and UD-856 as moderately susceptible; RCr-20, RCr-41, UD-857 and Local as highly susceptible. The days taken for 50% flowering, plant height and days to maturity positively influence the aphid incidence, whereas, umbels/plant and seeds/umbel influence it in a non-significant manner. The biochemical constituents viz., total phenol and volatile oil exhibit non-significant correlation with aphid incidence.
Seasonal Incidence and Management of Harar Borer Dichocrocis sp.
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Bharti Vijay , Rana Virender Kumar , Sharma Ajay
Published: August 2022

A study on the seasonal incidence and management of harar borer Dichocrocis sp. was carried out at the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh in 2018-19. Incidence started during the last week of May with two peaks, first peak was in the last week of July (77%) and the second peak (72%) was in the last week of September. The four insecticides viz. chlorantraniliprole 18.5 w/w, cyantraniliprole 10.26OD, fenvalerate 20EC, monocrotophos 36%EC and the biopesticide agniastra prepared using cow urine, reduced the infestation to <43%. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 w/w @ 0.005% was the best reducing the infestation to 7.77% followed by cyantraniliprole 10.26OD @0.01% (9.99%) and fenvalerate 20EC @0.012% (14.43%).
Efficacy of IPM Modules Against Major Insect Pests of Common Bean Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Ashraf Wajid , Rather Bashir Ahmad , Ayoub Liyaqat , Wani Fazil Fayaz , Gull Audil , Bhat Towseef Ahmad
Published: August 2022

This experiment evaluated some IPM modules against pests of common bean Phaseolus vulgaris, and observed that the module with soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 32.5 kg/ ha+1st of spray with dimethoate 30EC @ 0.03% (45 days after sowing- DAS) and 2nd with dichlorvos 76SC @ 0.076% (70 DAS) was the most effective. This resulted in maximum reduction of pests (76.85, 75.43, 69.97% of aphid, whitefly and weevil, respectively) and resulted in maximum gross returns (`₹94,068), net returns (``₹64,017) and benefit cost ratio (2.13). Besides, these effect of intercropping of beans with maize revealed a reduced population density of all the major pests, as compared to sole bean crop.
Elytral Polymorphism in Seven Spotted Ladybird Beetle Coccinella septempunctata L.
Authors: M. K. Mohammad Thamseer , Yadav S. S. , Saini Rahul , Rolania Krishna
Published: August 2022

The existence of polymorphs in the seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when analysed revealed five morphs collected in different seasons. These were predating on sucking pests infesting cotton and wheat. The morphological characters including male genitalia were studied in these. The abundance of various morphs revealed morph 1 with maximum abundance (73.3%), and the frequency of the melanic forms increased with the decrease in temperature.
Stingless Bee Tetragonula iridipennis and Honey Bee Apis cerana Pollination in Cucumber
Authors: Chauhan Avinash , Singh H. K.
Published: August 2022

Pollination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was studied using stingless bees, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith and honey bee, Apis cerana F. Data on the resource partitioning revealed the foraging activity of pollinators. Pollination efficiency index was observed to be maximum with A. cerana (24) followed by T. iridipennis (14), and significantly maximum fruit set (81.66 and 78.97%) was obtained with their pollination. An increase of 87.48% in fruit set, 46.47% in healthy fruits and 275.23% in seed numbers was noticed, with longer (17.85 and 17.22 cm) and heavier (0.415 and 0.411 kg) fruits in the A. cerana and T. iridipennis pollinated plots. Maximum number of healthy fruits was achieved with bee pollination as compared to open pollination and control, and A. cerana showed more mortality as compared to T. iridipennis.
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Management of Coriander Aphid Hyadaphis Coriandri (Das) With Safer Insecticides
Authors: Swami Dinesh , B L Jat  , S K Dotasara
Published: August 2022

A field experiment on the relative efficacy of botanicals, biopesticides and insecticides against aphid Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) on coriander was conducted in 2015-16 and 2016-17. The results revealed that dimethoate 30EC was the most effective followed by acephate 75SP and cartap hydrochloride 50SP. The dhatura leaf and karanj seed extracts were found to be the least effective. The biopesticides Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, azadirachtin 20EC, NSE and neem oil were found moderately effective.
Control of Luprops Tristis F. During Its Dormancy With Insect Growth Regulators
Authors: P Binsha , Thomas Sabu K
Published: August 2022

Hypersensitive and neurotoxic side effects of permethrin compounds and possibility of buildup of insecticide resistance against pyrethroid insecticides in darkling beetle Luprops tristis F. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a home-invading nuisance pest necessitates efficacy studies on other class of insecticidal compounds with more target specific action and less mammalian toxicity. The baseline dose- response bioassays conducted on L. tristis during their dormancy phase with three insect growth regulators (IGRs), fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) revealed interesting results. Mortality (LC50 and LC90 ), fecundity and egg hatchability were estimated by exposing dormant beetles to a range of concentrations. These data revealed that their LC50 values are within the permissible mammalian toxicity level. The capacity to reduce fecundity and hatchability of eggs (progeny production) together makes fenoxycarb a safer alternative to other pesticides in tackling L. tristis.
Diversity Of Encyrtid Parasitoids From Three Ecosystems
Authors: Abhishek M S , Mohanraj Prashanth , Rameshkumar A , Veenakumari K
Published: August 2022

Encyrtid parasitoids play an important role in the biological control of many agricultural as well as horticultural pests. The present study determines and compares the faunal and temporal diversities of Encyrtidae in finger millet, rice and sugarcane ecosystems at the College of Agriculture, V C Farm, Mandya, Karnataka. The study was conducted at fortnightly intervals over a period of 12 months from March, 2016 to February, 2017 at the G and C-blocks of the farm. As a result, 2647 encyrtids were collected- 1019 specimens (20 genera) were from finger millet; 604 (22 genera) and 1024 (29 genera) were from rice and sugarcane ecosystems, respectively. The abundance, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and richness (Margalef’s index) were computed and it was concluded that maximum diversity occurred in sugarcane and rice ecosystems (Hʹ=3.00) and the least was with the finger millet ecosystem (Hʹ=.2.78). Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and Metric Multidimensional scaling analysis were made to study the similarity and encyrtid diversity in different seasons.
Efficacy of Acaricides Against Phytophagous Mites in Apple
Authors: Singh Joginder
Published: August 2022

Efficacy studies were conducted during June-July in 2017 in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh against the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi(Koch) and Tetranychus urticae Koch in apple orchards. Four acaricides were evaluated at different doses. After seven days of spray, maximum efficacy was obtained from fenazaquin @ 0.20 ml/ l (0.50 mites/ leaf) which was at par with other test concentrations of fenazaquin @ 0.15, 0.25ml/ l, hexythiazox @ 0.5, 1.0 ml/ l, etoxazole @ 0.25, 0.4, 0.55 ml/ l and abamectin @ 0.5, 0.6 ml/ l. In 14 and 21days post-treatment observations, though the mite incidence increased gradually in all the treatments, all concentrations of hexythiazox, fenazaquin and etoxazole were found significantly superior. After 28 days of spray, maximum efficacy was again with fenazaquin @ 0.25 ml/ l which was at par with hexythiazox (0.5, 1.0 ml/ l), etoxazole (0.25, 0.4, 0.55 ml/ l) and these were significantly superior. Fenazaquin was found extremely toxic to the natural enemies.
Gelatin Capsules To Enhance The Efficacy Of Lecanicillium lecanii Against Myzus persicae
Authors: Boodal Sharada , S H Ramanagouda , Venkateshalu  , G S Jamunarani
Published: August 2022

Evaluation of gelatin capsule-based formulations of indigenous isolate of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) Zare and Games was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Bagalkot during 2018-19. The gelatine capsules filled with different ratios of spore and talc powder (1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) were evaluated in the laboratory for their efficacy against aphid Myzus persicae. The results indicate that equal quantity of spore and talc powder showed better efficacy than other two combinations and next best to spore alone. The gelatine capsules containing the spore powder alone though proved better with maximum mortality when it was used fresh and immediately after their formulation; the efficacy decreased drastically after 30 days after storage. Evaluation of their storability, under varying storage conditions revealed that refrigerated condition is the best in maintaining the virulence of the spore after four months of storage period. The pot culture experiment revealed that significantly more mortality of aphid was obtained with gelatine capsules formulations of local isolate of L. lecanii as compared to commercial formulation.
Checklist of Predator Fauna in Rice
Authors: Longkumer I Yimjenjang , Misra A K. , Ahmad Md Abbas
Published: August 2022

The survey conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 in rice crop to assess the biodiversity of predators revealed 37 species from 17 families belonging to six insect orders and 13 species of spiders under twelve genera under eight families. Spiders, coccinellids, damselflies and dragonflies were noticed.
Effect Of Insecticides On The Oviposition Of Brahmina coriacea (Hope)
Authors: Koranga Radha , Chandel R S , Mehta Vasu
Published: August 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated with Brahmina coriacea (Hope) for their effect on oviposition. Of these chlorantraniliprole was found to be highly effective. The order of toxicity was chlorantraniliprole > bifenthrin> clothianidin> thiamethoxam> chlorpyriphos> imidacloprid. All insecticides at low doses (1.20-0.15x10-4g a.i./kg soil) induced reduction in oviposition and it was dose dependent. The number of eggs laid ranged from 28.4-44.8/3 females-maximum reduction being with bifenthrin (82.06%), followed by chlorpyriphos (79.28%).
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Thrips in Chilli
Authors: Prakash Mishra Prajna , Sasmal Arundhati , Chandra Samal Kailash
Published: August 2022

Field efficacy of some novel insecticides was evaluated against chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood). Acetamiprid 20SP, spinosad 45SC, fenpyroximate 5EC, emamectin benzoate 5SG, fipronil 80WG, spiromesifen 22.9SC, diafenthiuron 50WP, acephate 75 SP and dimethoate 30EC were included. Among these, fipronil 80WG and spiromesifen 22.9SC were found superior with least incidence (0.98 and 1.04 thrips/ leaf, respectively) and 75.6 and 74.1% reduction over untreated control, respectively. Spiromesifen 22.9SC led to maximum reduction in leaf curl and fruit curl (84.6 and 83.1%, respectively) with maximum chlorophyll content in leaves and green chilli yield (93.85 q/ ha).
Ecofriendly Insecticides: Impact on Abundance and Foraging Activity of Bee Pollinators in Sunflower
Authors: Raghavendra Devaramane , Jagadish K. S. , Reddy K. M. Srinivasa
Published: August 2022

Field study was conducted with ecofriendly insecticides on their effects on the foraging activity and time spent of bee pollinators in sunflower during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. Significantly less number of bees were observed with mahua oil one day after spray- 2.15 (Apis dorsata), 1.33 (A. cerana), 1.72 (A. florea) and 1.24 (Tetragonula iridipennis). BIPM (biointensive integrated pest management) and spinosad treatments led to maximum number of bees at 4 and 7 days after spray. The least mean time spent was observed with mahua oil treatment, whereas, BIPM and spinosad led to maximum mean time spent for all the bee pollinators. It is concluded that mahua oil has repellent activity on the bee pollinators.
Effect of Shoot Number, Diameter and LAC Encrustation Thickness on Kusmi Broodlac Yield of Kerria lacca From Flemingia semialata
Authors: Langlentombi L. Chanu , Rajgopal N. N. , Ghosal Soumen
Published: August 2022

This study aims to identify the significant factors affecting kusmi broodlac yield and the relationship between the broodlac yield and the relevant factors for providing the practical basis of maximizing this yield. The regression analysis between the yield and independent variables revealed that the major factors influencing yield include encrustation thickness followed by shoot diameter in a significantly positive relationship. The yield was increasing up to 12 shoots/ plant and started declining after this.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Fruit Fly Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Coquillett) on Cucumber
Authors: Solanki C B , Patel J R , Mohapatra A R , Thomas Anu , Katesiya M K , Patel S M , Chaudhari N J
Published: August 2022

The field experiment undertaken during 2018 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar evaluated the efficacy of insecticides by foliar application against fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet) in cucumber. Among the treatments evaluated, the least fruit damage at 10 and 14 days after second spray was observed with flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.3 l+ jaggery 5 kg/ ha followed by flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.3 l/ ha. The maximum fruit yield (48.29 q/ ha) was obtained with foliar application of flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.3 l/ ha+ jaggery, and maximum benefit in terms of protection cost benefit ratio (PCBR- 1:12.84) was observed with profenophos 50EC @ 1 l + jaggery 5 kg/ ha.
Prevalence of Invasive Fall Army Worm Spodoptera Frugiperda (J E Smith) on Organic Maize in Sikkim
Authors: Singh Shweta , Raj Chandramani , Avasthe Ravi Kant , Pradhan Yona , Firake D M , Behere G T , Kandpal B K
Published: August 2022

Fall army worm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) has been observed invading the north eastern region of India during April 2019 in Mizoram and on maize crop of Namphing GPU, South Sikkim, during May 2019. The detailed survey in the maize growing areas of state revealed the presence of early to fourth instar larvae feeding on the leaves and whorls. The identification was confirmed by morphological characters and DNA barcoding with mtCO1. The study indicated range (8.8 to 71.4%) of FAW infestations on maize. During survey, microbial infection in few larvae, and predatory wasps and spiders as predators were found. This is the first record of FAW on organic maize of Sikkim.
Toxicity of Some Insecticides against Thrips Infesting Tomato
Authors: Timmanna  , Naik Mohan I , B Jamuna , N G Ravichandra
Published: August 2022

Bean dip bioassay was performed with six insecticides on the mortality response in tomato thrips- Thrips palmi Karny and Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood. The LC50 values ranged from 1.591 to 17.018 ppm, and spinosad with the least LC50 value of 1.591 ppm at 95% confidence limit was the most toxic. It was followed by cyantraniliprole (2.425 ppm), diafenthiuron (2.396 ppm), imidacloprid (5.110 ppm), fipronil (13.560 ppm) and dimethoate (17.018 ppm). Thus, spinosad, diafenthiuron and cyantraniliprole were observed to be more toxic.
Invasion of Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus Martin in Assam: Posing Threat to Coconut Growers
Authors: Sarma Arup Kumar , Deka Shobha Dutta , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: August 2022

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin has invaded NER India in 2018 and established already in many districts of lower Assam and is alarmingly spreading to new districts owing to the inadequate domestic quarantine. The pest has been detected for the first time in Biswanath district of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam in May, 2019. Variation in speed of invasion has been noticed in different zones depending on the mode of dispersal of the pest. Rainfall had no impact on short-distance dispersal of the pest. However, rainfall-deficient months of 2018 and low rainfall days of 2019 had some impact on its arrival and establishment. The pest is likely to affect the coconut economy in future. Extensive survey in the NER India for assessing crop loss due to the invasion and enforcement of strict domestic quarantine in inter-state borders are the urgent need of the hour.
Volatile Profiles as Affected by Rice Brown Plant Hopper and Yellow Stem Borer in Rice Landraces
Authors: Reuolin S J , Muthukrishnan N , Paramasivam M , Soundararajan R P , Subramanian K S , Maragatham N
Published: August 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa L.,) plants release a complex profile of volatile organic compounds. Present study investigates the differences in volatile compounds from four rice landraces viz., Karuthakar, Norungan, Thavala Kanan and Varappu Kudaichan each under four conditions like healthy, mechanically damaged, and the ones infested by the brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal and yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Wlk.). The volatiles were collected using air entrainment method and characterized by the GCMS. Statistical analysis tools like clustering, principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were applied. Clear differences among the treatments were observed and certain volatile compound groups like terpenoids (squalene), unsaturated fatty acids (n-hexadecanoic, tetradecanoic and pentadecanoic acids), alkanes (heptacosane, tetracosane) were found. The statistical test of Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis was found to be satisfactory in determining the compounds responsible for variations in treatments.
Potential of Polymer Matrix in Delivery of Lemon Grass Cymbopogon Citratus Stapf Essential Oil Against House Fly Musca Domestica L.
Authors: R Senthoorraja , K Subaharan , Patel Deepak Kumar , Pragadheesh Vppalayam Shanmugam , S Basavarajappa , Bakthavatsalam N
Published: August 2022

House fly Musca domestica L. is a pest of humans, poultry, and livestock across the world. Dependence on chemical insecticides to contain the flies provided varying results and their continued use has led to development of insecticide resistance. Bioactive compounds in plants are an alternative source to manage M. domestica. Lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf essential oil caused fumigant toxicity to eggs (LC501.299 mg/dm3) and adults (16.56 mg/ dm3). The C. citratus EO caused larval repellence. Polyvinylpyrrolidone when used as polymer matrix to load C. citratus at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 caused toxicity to flies for a longerperiod as compared to use of EO alone. The EO loaded in polymer matrix had a slower dissipation, EO+PVP polymer mixed at 1:3 retained over 80% of EO after 72 hr when exposed to 60oC. EO, whilst EO alone without a dispenser dissipated in 3 hr. The biological effect of C. citratus EO on M. domestica canbe enhanced for a longer period if loaded into a polymer matrix and this would be an effective strategyto manage M. domestica.
Recent Report of Zygopteran ishnura rufostigma rufostigma Selys from Uttarakhand
Authors: Kumar C. Susanth , Anooj S. S. , Meher B. S. Arya
Published: August 2022

Ruby Dartlet Ishnura rufostigma rufostigma (Selys 1876) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) occurs in Central and East India and Nepal. The earlier records of this species are from Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal. This study documents it from Bhimtal, Nainital district, Uttarakhand; which is a recent record for the species from the region after forty years.
Exploration Of Native Plants Of Assam For Host Preference Of Lac Insect Kerria Chinensis
Authors: Rahman Tanjil , Das Purnima , Hazarika L K , Kalita Surajit , Sharma K K , Mohanasundaram A
Published: August 2022

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out at the Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during October, 2018 to April, 2019 to study the host plant preference of local lac insect Kerria chinensis on eight native plants of Assam viz., Flemingia semialata, F. strobilifera, Indigofera teysmannii, Ficus religiosa, Zizyphus mauritiana, Litchi chinensis, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Cajanus cajan. Results indicated that the maximum productivity of broodlac (0.31± 0.01kg) and longest lifecycle duration (171.92± 2.08 days) was recorded in F. semialata. Study on morphological parameters revealed that the girth of the bark of the plants possesses significant negative correlation with the settlement density of crawlers as well as production of lac. However, trichome density of the bark was found to possess positive but non-significant correlation with the settlement density of crawlers as well as production of lac.
Management of Onion Thrips Thrips Tabaci Lindeman
Authors: Randhawa H S , Chandi R S , Kaur Amandeep , Damanpreet
Published: August 2022

Field efficacy studies of three insecticides at different doses (fipronil 80WG @ 50, 75, 100 g; dimethoate 30EC @ 500, 625, 750 ml and malathion 50EC @ 625 ml/ ha) were carried out against thrips Thrips tebaci Lindeman and their natural enemies on onion crop during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiments were done at farmer’s field near Regional Research Station Gurdaspur. Results revealed that insecticidal treatments significantly reduced thrips incidence (45.12- 79.34% over control), of which dimethoate 30EC and fipronil 80WG were the best. The maximum bulb yield (292.87 q/ ha) was obtained with application of dimethoate 30EC @ 750 ml/ ha which was on par with fipronil 80WG @ 100 g/ ha (287.23 q/ ha). The cost: benefit ratio revealed that highest dose of dimethoate 30EC was superior giving maximum net returns with C: B of Rs. 1: 43. The evaluated insecticides did not have any effect on the natural enemies of onion insect pests.
Biointensive Management of Tea Mosquito Bug Helopeltis Spp. In Moringa
Authors: Suresh K
Published: August 2022

Field experiments were conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 in moringa gardens at Usilampatti Block, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu with seven biopesticides viz., neem oil 3%, NSKE 5%, azadirachtin/ neemazal 3,000 ppm, pungam oil 3%, fish oil rosin soap 25 g/ l, Beauveria bassiana 108 CFU/ ml and Lecanicillium lecanii 106 CFU/ ml to evaluate their efficacy against tea mosquito bug Helopeltis spp. Among these, B. bassiana 108 CFU/ ml was found to be the most effective.
Pollinator Diversity and Foraging Behaviour of Insect Pollinators in Coriander
Authors: Madhu Vandhi G. , Usharani B. , Suresh K. , Rajamanickam C. , Sujatha K.
Published: August 2022

This study on pollinator diversity and abundance of frequent floral visitors was conducted during on coriander during rabi 2019-20 in Lalapuram village of Kallikudi block, Madurai district. Coriander flowers were observed to be visited by 25 pollinators. Among the visitors, four species were hymenopterans belonging to Apis (16%) and six from Non- Apis spp. (24%) Four belonged to Lepidoptera and Diptera (16%), three from Hemiptera and Coleoptera (12%) and one from Araneae (4%). Among all these, Apis florea was the most dominant one among Apis spp. followed by Apis cerana indica and Tetragonula iridipennis. The foraging activity and Shannon- Weiner’s diversity index (2.78) was observed to be maximum during 1000- 1200 hrs.
Insectigation as an Approach to Insecticide Application
Authors: Reddy D Srinivasa , N Mounica Chowdary
Published: August 2022

The burgeoning human population requires raising food production and in order to meet the requirements, factors affecting yields viz. insects, pathogens, nematodes are necessary to be managed. Though the conventional methods of crop protection chemicals application is the major practice, the knowledge and awareness of novel methods play a major role in combating the target pest effectively and one such method is application of insecticides through drip irrigation system, termed as insectigation. This method predominantly used to control the sucking pests, soil residing insects and different stages of insects viz, egg, larvae, pupae and adult that requires soil for development. The approach seems to be more advantageous over traditional spraying enabling plants to absorb water and insecticide at same period of time along with drift reduction, decrease in residues and in curbing the human exposure to insecticides. The existing drip irrigation system needs certain extra paraphernalia viz. chemical mix tank, an injection system and most importantly, a back-flow prevention device to check the ground water pollution. In a nutshell, insectigation offers a wide range of benefits over other pesticide application methods to mitigate the insect pest population below threshold levels.
Efficacy of Plant Products Against Larvae of Greater Wax Moth Galleria Mellonella L.
Authors: Ramesh S. , Manisegaran S. , Suresh K. , Saravana Pandian P.
Published: August 2022

Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy some plant products against third instar larvae of Galleria mellonella L. at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. Among plant products tested citronella oil 3% led to maximum mortality (76.67%), followed by neem oil 3% (73.33%) while garlic extract 3% gave the least mortality (53.33%) at 14 DAT. The weight reduction of comb ranged from 3.21 to 5.36 g and cell damage ranged from 27.88 to 57.45%, respectively in different treatments.
Efficacy of Soil Insecticides Against Sucking Pests of Potato
Authors: Shah Mohd Abas , Katare Subhash , Bhatnagar Anuj , Sharma Sanjeev , Sadawarti Murlidhar J , Pratap singh Shiv
Published: August 2022

Field experiments were conducted at three locations for two seasons, 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of soil insecticides against sucking pests of potato. Lowest cumulative mean number of whiteflies was observed with fipronil 0.3G @ 25 kg/ ha, and it was on par with its dose of 20 kg/ ha, cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 20 and @ 25 kg/ ha; overall reduction in whiteflies over control ranged between 56.70 and 59.04% at Jalandhar; 53.17 to 60.89% at Modipuram, and 57.33 to 62.40% at Gwalior. Similar trends were noted for aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips. Based on tuber yield and benefit cost ratio, cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 20 kg/ ha (2.62) and fipronil 0.3G @ 20 kg/ ha (2.47) were found to be the most effective against the sucking pests of potato. Hence, both these can be recommended in potato in place of phorate 10G.
Artificial T- Perches As Attractant For Insectivorous Birds Against Helicoverpa armigera (hubner)
Authors: Kaur Harveer , Kumar Manoj , Choudhary Amit
Published: August 2022

Supplementing the foraging efficacy of insectivorous birds by installing artificial ‘T- perches’ can be used in controlling the cotton boll worm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L) fodder crop. The present study explored this using T-perches placed at two heights (120 and 240 cm). A total of 22 bird species were observed, of which 15 species used 120 cm high perches while nine perched on 240 cm high one. Common myna was the most abundant with seasonal abundance of 31.75 and 35.96% on 120 and 240 cm perches, respectively. In all 12 species were observed in control field, out of which nine were found to be insectivorous. More diversity was observed in the fields installed with T- perches as compared to control field. Comparison of bird species in fields installed with 120 and 240 cm T-perches revealed more preference for 120 cm high one, may be because of low height of the berseem crop. These T-perches also proved effective in reducing the cotton boll worm H. armigera incidence- 3.50 larvae/m2 in fields installed with 120 cm perches; and 4.70 larvae/m2 in fields installed with 240 cm perches as against 6.85 larvae/m2 in control field). These results suggest that the perches are acting as attractants for birds and play an effective role in controlling H. armigera.
Some Details on the Biology of Leaf Beetle Sastroides Besucheti Medvedev Occurring on Wild Nutmeg
Authors: Ragesh Gavas , Cherian Tom , D K Nagaraju , Mathew Milu , P B Pushpalatha
Published: August 2022

This study provides some preliminary details on the biology of the leaf beetle Sastroides besucheti Medvedev (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) occurring on wild nutmeg Myristica malabarica Lam. with damage symptoms. Banana (cv. Jnalipoovan) as a host observed now for the adults is also explained.
Efficacy of mineral oils against San Jose scale and European red mite on apple
Authors: Khurshid Rizwana , Ganie Sajad A , Bano Parveena , Paray M A , Haifa Zul-Nuran , Dar Tahir R
Published: August 2022

Field efficacy of horticulture mineral oil Rilso 999 and MAK All Season at different concentrations were evaluated at two locations i.e., Lar (District Ganderbal) and Hajin (District Bandipora) of J&K during 2017 and 2018, all the treatments were significantly superior in terms of mortality of San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (SJS) and European red mite (ERM) Panonychus ulmi (Koch) as compared to untreated control. The cumulative mean mortality of SJS (58.08% and 62.20%) and ERM (58.69% and 53.65%) at recommended dose of 7.5 ml/ l of water both for standard check (MAK All Season) and Rilso999, respectively. Maximum (27.14 and 19.63 %) cumulative mortality of Amblyseius spp. and Coccinellids were recorded with Rilso999@ 10 ml/ l of water, respectively. No phytotoxicity symptoms viz., leaf injury, yellowing, wilting, necrosis, hyponasty and epinasty were observed with Rilso999 at 15 ml/ l of water. Maximum yield (246.16 kg/tree) was attained with MAK (standard check) @7.5 ml/ l of water.
Field evaluation of biopesticides against rice insect pests under organic farming
Authors: Singh Subash , Sarao P S
Published: August 2022

Neem based commercial formulations Ecotin (azadirachtin 5%; 50,000 ppm) @ 150,175 and 200 ml ha-1, and standard checks- Achook (azadirachtin 0.15%; 1500 ppm) @ 2500 ml ha-1 were applied at pest appearance for evaluating them for the management of rice stem borers Scirpophaga spp. and leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) on basmati and non-basmati rice under organic cultivation conditions. In basmati, the reduction of deadhearts due to stem borers was observed to be maximum with Ecotin @ 200 ml ha-1 as 55.79 and 56.84% at 5 and 10 DAS, respectively; while white ears were at 55.99% in 2019; and reduction of deadhearts was 50.45 and 45.75% at 5 and 10 DAS, respectively, while white ears reduced up to 50.71% in 2020. Similarly, reduction of damaged leaves due to leaf folder was 55.80 and 59.62% at 5 and 10 DAS, respectively; and in 2020, it was 50.45 and 45.75% at 5 and 10 DAS, respectively. Ecotin 5% @ 200 ml ha-1 gave maximum crop yield (31.29 q ha-1). In non-basmati rice too the reduction of deadhearts was maximum with Ecotin @ 200 ml ha-1, while white ears reduced by 50.47% in 2019, with similar trend in 2020; also results were of similar trend with leaf folder. The occurrence of spiders revealed a non-significant difference among the treatments. The biopesticides caused no residual or phytotoxic effects and were safe to the environment and predatory fauna.
Comparative Biology of Three Coccinellid Predators on Cowpea Aphid Aphis Craccivora
Authors: Mishra Ipsita , Roy Subhalaxmi , Mishra B. K.
Published: August 2022

Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the biology of coccinellid predators from agroecosystems of Odisha. About 17 species were identified, the most important being Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis and Cheilomenes sexmaculata predating on aphids infesting cowpea. The biology of these when evaluated indicated that C. septempunctata was the largest, and C. sexmaculata the smallest; grubs of all the three are susceptible to the rising temperature. The total developmental period was maximum during January and the least during May for all species. Total larval period was 11.9 ± 2.34, 12.1 ± 6.19 and 12.6 ± 0.01 days in January and 8.2 ± 0.07, 7.00 ± 0.01 and 7.9 ± 0.06 during May with C. septempunctata, C. transversalis and C. sexmaculata, respectively; developmental periods for these were observed to be 22.4 ± 0.67, 20.2 ± 1.46 and 17.4 ± 0.82 days during January, and 15.2 ± 0.01, 11.5 ± 0.39 and 12.3 ± 0.61 days during May, respectively. Prepupae and pupae were the least affected by the fluctuations in temperature.
Population dynamics of major insect pests of Indian bean
Authors: M Devashrayee Vaidik , Patel D R
Published: August 2022

The incidence of aphid Aphis craccivora Koch in Indian bean Lablab purpureus (L.) reached its peak during 2nd week of January (2nd SMW) with 25.27 aphids/ twig of 10 cm. Maximum incidence of jassid Empoasca kerri Pruthi (8.20/ leaf) and whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (7.12/ leaf) was observed during 4th week of December (52nd SMW). The thrips Megalurothrips distalis Karny started appearing from 4th week of November (48th SMW) reaching its peak (10.35/ flower) during 1st SMW. Maximum larval counts of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (5.79/ plant) was observed during 2nd week of January (2nd SMW), while in case of Maruca vitrata Geyer (7.21/ plant) it was during 2nd week of January (2nd SMW). Maximum and minimum temperature showed significant negative influence on the incidence of all these pests; and morning relative humidity showed significant negative effect on all except M. distalis. While morning vapour pressure showed significant negative influence on the incidence of all pests except E. kerri and B. tabaci.
Effect of temperature on biology of Brevicoryne brassicae L. and Myzus persicae Sulzer of cabbage
Authors: Gupta Mohan Kumar , Sarma Arup Kumar , Deka Shobha Dutta
Published: August 2022

Knowing the effect of temperatures on growth and development of crop pests is essential. In this study, effect of six temperature regimes on the cabbage aphids Brevicoryne brassicae L., and Myzus persicae Sulzer was studied in Manipur, India. For both the species, 25˚C was found to be the optimal in relation to the most of the parameters studied; B. brassicae could not tolerate the extreme temperatures and died in its 2nd nymphal stage. A decrease in reproductive periods with increase in temperature may accommodate 1-2 additional brood(s) a year, consequently will lead to increased damage to cabbage, more particularly, under staggered transplanting.
Edible Insects Used as Food by Tangsa and Wancho Tribes of Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Gogoi Renu , Chetri Suraj , Ahmed Rezina
Published: August 2022

In India, entomophagy practices are common among the people who consume insects as ethnic food. In Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh, the consumption of insects as food is a common practice, with insects consumed as additional food source. The present study revealed that eleven insect species belonging to six orders are accepted as food by the two tribes (Tangsa and Wancho) of the Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh. Apis indica, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera) and Macrotermes sp. (Isoptera) are the three common edible insects. From the nutritional point of view, these edible insects are rich in protein content. Such insects form a regular part of the diet, whenever available. But the people of the district are not much familiar with their nutrition and market value. This study analyses these so as to inform them, the consumers, about their sustainable use as food and their nutritional importance.
Evaluation of insecticides against sucking pests of Indian bean
Authors: M Devashrayee Vaidik , Patel D R , Sankhla P M
Published: August 2022

Among the various insecticides evaluated for their field efficacy against sucking pests of Indian bean, the treatments of thiamethoxam 25WG at 0.025%, acetamiprid 20SP at 0.004% and buprofezin 25SC at 0.05% were found to be the most effective against Aphis craccivora Koch, Empoasca kerri Pruthi and Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. While, thiacloprid 21.7SC at 0.012% emerged as the moderately effective. Emamectin benzoate 5SG at 0.002%, indoxacarb 14.5SC at 0.007%, lambda-cyhalothrin 5SC at 0.005% and novaluron 10EC at 0.01% were found to be less effective.
New record of Jauravia assamensis Kapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from peninsular India
Authors: Patil P B , Gaikwad S M
Published: August 2022

The genus Jauravia (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) is distributed in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India and Nepal. This study documents the occurrence of J. assamensis Kapur on eight plants from Kolhapur and Satara, Maharashtra, India. Its distribution in Assam, Manipur and Meghalaya is known. This occurrence in the Western Ghats and peninsular India is detailed in this study along with the associated host plants, and life stages (larva, pupa and adult) in addition to its diagnostics.
Evaluation of colloidal chitosan against diamond back moth Plutella xylostella L. on cauliflower
Authors: Rani S Selva , M Shanthi  , M Murugan  , K Senthil  , S Vellaikumar  , S Haripriya
Published: August 2022

An ecofriendly colloidal chitosan byproduct synthesized from crude chitosan was evaluated for its chronic toxicity against second instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. by leaf dip bioassay. The consumption of 10000 ppm colloidal chitosan treated leaf caused 100% mortality after the 4th day, with least larval weight (0.02 mg). Whereas, the consumption of 8000 ppm treated leaves reduced the larval (0.65 mg), pupal (1.26 mg), and adult weights (0.75 mg), with 10% adult malformation and extended larval duration. This is compared to untreated larval duration of 10.66 days. Thus, colloidal chitosan exhibits chronic toxicity and growth inhibition effect on P. xylostella larvae.
Pollinators in tropical ecosystems of Southern India with emphasis on the native pollinators Apis cerana indica and Tetragonula iridipennis
Authors: Indhu A , J Lazar  , S Prasad  , K Anupapama
Published: August 2022

Ecosystems are rapidly urbanizing at the global and regional scales, particularly in the tropics, which has deleterious effect on hymenopteran pollinators. Based on the literature spanning multiple disciplines including ecology, pollination, agriculture, agroecology and entomology, this review deliberates on the pollinators and their global decline. Also, it turns the focus on honey bees and their role in agroecosystem. Relevant information from melissopalynology is brought together and the gaps and directions of future research on conservation and management of honey bees in tropical peninsular India are discussed. Focus is on the two species of the hived native Apis cerana indica F., and Tetragonula iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae), as these play a major role in transforming existing agricultural landscapes into agroecosystems, benefitting the farmers and maintaining ecological balance in tropical peninsular India. This review brings to the fore the fact that there is a tangible gap in reports and long-term studies of many native pollinators and in particular the two hived honey bees. Most studies present in a thorough manner visual observations of pollinators (bees) on plants but rarely combine them with quantifying the resources gathered from the plants, especially pollen. This combined approach is especially important to understand the hymenopteran pollinators from the purview of the pollination service they provide. It can be concluded that there is a pressing requirement for long-term observations along these lines with quantifiable pollen and vegetation data to arrive at meaningful plant-pollinator networks that are essential for conservation and management of the native Asiatic honey bees as pollinators.
Relative susceptibility of life stages of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) to pyriproxyfen
Authors: G K Mahapatro , Kelageri S S  , Subramanian S  , Chitra Srivastava  , Rajna S
Published: August 2022

The relative susceptibility of lifestages of seven Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) populations from major cotton growing regions in India to pyriproxyfen has been studied. The results revealed that adults were unaffected at significantly high concentration ie., 200 mg/ l (field recommended dose, <10% mortality), hence adult bioassay was not done. Indore and Amravati populations were the most and least susceptible ones for both egg and nymphal stages; and all the populations were found susceptible to pyriproxyfen with RR ratio of <5, except for Amravati one, revealing low level of resistance with RR ratio (5.04- egg; 5.09- nymph) computed deploying the LC90 and LC50 values.
Primary and Shadow Enhancers of Dorsal - Ventral Patterning Genes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kapil Subham , Tejinder Kaur
Published: August 2022

.Recent studies have revealed that multiple enhancers can activate the transcription of a gene. They can be classified as primary or shadow enhancers. Earlier studies suggested that many dorsal target genes of Drosophila melanogaster might be regulated by these shadow enhancers. Therefore, primary and shadow enhancers of five different dorsal targeting genes viz., zen, sim, vnd, bun, and rho were predicted in this study. In addition, novel cluster motifs with high strand scores have been predicted and are referred to as primary enhancers, whereas similar sequences within 5kb are referred to as shadow enhancers. The information generated from this study may lead to the evolutionary innovation of enhancer mechanisms.
Biology of Platynaspis saundersi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Kasi Indra Kumar , Kanchhi Maya Waiba
Published: August 2022

Biology of Platynaspis saundersi (Crotch) was studied under laboratory conditions at the Department of Entomology, Dr YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Himachal Pradesh, India. The mean preoviposition period was 7.00± 0.21 days, while the oviposition period was 43.50± 0.35 days. The female lays 130.30± 5.96 eggs and the hatching was 86.32± 3.12%, with incubation period being 5.0± 0.47 days and the larval period was for 12.40± 0.35 days. The observed prepupal and pupal periods were 1.50± 0.48 and 7.50± 0.21 day, with longevity of male and female being 70.00± 2.00 and 79.00± 0.89 days, respectively.
Screening of bottle gourd genotypes against fruit flies Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)
Authors: Meena D S , V S Acharya  , V S Rajput  , A K Yadav
Published: August 2022

The present study with bottle gourd in the zaid season in open field, assessed the infestation of fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet). The infestation was observed from third week of May, with the peak being in the first week of June. Five varieties and three genotypes were screened and none exhibiting resistance. The incidence assessed by fruit number and weight basis revealed that variety PSPL (28.07and 23.34) and Narendra rashmi (30.32 and 25.14) were least susceptible; Pusa Naveen (34.80 and 30.48), Pant louki -3 (35.85 and 32.03), Thar smridhi (33.66 and 27.68), DBG -5(36.74 and 33.53) and DBG-6 (37.87 and 34.90) were moderately susceptible; while, DBG -10 (39.06 and 36.18) was susceptible.
A preliminary survey of ectoparasites in Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal
Authors: Hajra Amita , Shuvra Kanti Sinha  , Santanu Mahato
Published: August 2022

A preliminary faunistic study was conducted explored the ectoparasites of animals in the Neora Valley National Park (NVNP), West Bengal, India. Many ectoparasites were observed on the bodies of domestic animals that graze on a regular basis in the national park. Major ones found include-Bovicola bovis (Linnaeus, 1758), Ixodes granulatus Supino 1897, and Dermacentor auratus Supino 1897, with B. bovis perhaps being reported for the first time in NVNP and India. The study also found that domestic animals and humans in NVNP are exposed to different ectoparasite species of medical and veterinary importance.
Natural enemies of Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, a vector of bunchy top of banana and biology of its most effective predator Scymnus nubilus Mulsant
Authors: J Poorani  , A Mohanasundaram  , R Thanigairaj
Published: August 2022

Natural enemies of Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a vector of bunchy top of banana, are reported from Tamil Nadu, South India. Totally four predators including three coccinellids (Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg), Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.)) and one hemerobiid (Micromus timidus Hagen) were recorded. Only one parasitoid, Aphelinus sp. nr. gossypii Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was recorded. Biology of S. nubilus, the most effective predator of P. nigronervosa, was also studied in the laboratory and the results are presented.
Activity of Honey Bees on Brassica Crops in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Sharma Surender K. , Mehta Vasu
Published: August 2022

Behavioral studies of honey bees are very important to promote pollination. Foraging speed and rate are such vital behavioral patterns. This study evaluates the foraging attributes of honey bees on Brassica with experiments done at different sites chosen in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Apis mellifera is observed to show a significantly maximum foraging rate of 13.25 and 13.89 flowers/ min on toria and mustard, respectively. Whereas, the foraging speed was maximum for A. cerana (5.20 sec/ flower) on toria and A. mellifera (4.42 sec/ flower) on mustard.
Insects diversity in an agroecosystem of Bhabar region of Uttrakhand
Authors: Rekha  , Deepika Goswami  , Deeksha Arya  , B R Kaushal
Published: August 2022

Species diversity and abundance of insects associated in an agricultural ecosystem was studied in Bhabar region of district Nainital in Uttarakhand from March 2018 to February 2020. Data revealed a total of 148 insect species belonging to 47 families and nine orders (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Dictyoptera, and Phasmida), identified from 2007 specimens. These were classified into five functional trophic groups: phytophagous, predators, omnivores, saprophages and decomposers. The diversity indexes showed significance- Diversity (Hʹ=1.778), Evenness (E=0.9689), and Margalef’s Index (d=1.924). Diversity indices of insect orders showed Lepidoptera to be the most diverse (Hʹ=1.994) with maximum species richness having high Margalef’s index (d=2.607), and dipterans with highest evenness (E=0.9572). A total of 1331 individuals of insect pollinators/ visitors were observed, belonging to 99 species of 5 orders (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Diptera).
Evaluation of insecticides against gall weevil Alcidodes collaris (Pascoe) on pigeonpea
Authors: T N Rakshitha , Kandakoor Subhash
Published: August 2022

Pigeonpea is attacked by many insect pests, and of these the gall weevil Alcidodes collaris (Pascoe) causes threat to pigeonpea at seedling stage by attacking basal portion of the stem and resulting in the gall formation. Evaluation of some insecticides revealed that less incidence was observed using seed treatment with imidacloprid 600FS followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC spray (1.17 galled plants/ 10 plants) after 20 days of emergence. This also resulted in maximum reduction of galled plants (79.37%). Imidacloprid 600FS seed treatment with drenching of profenophos 50EC at 20 days after the crop emergence was observed to be the next best. Seeds treatment with imidacloprid 600FS followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC spray gave maximum yield of 23.38 q/ ha.