bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Factor Efficiency Study on China’s Industrial Coal Input and Wastewater Control with Dual Target Variables
Authors: Li Lingguang , Yang Weixin
Published: June 2018

After decades of economic development in China, its energy consumption still relies heavily on coal, and the dominant segment of our economy—the industrial sectors with large coal input—have caused massive wastewater pollution. To provide a decision-making basis for the sustainable development of Chinese industry and economy, this paper selected 39 industrial sectors in China and studied their Total Factor Efficiency (TFE) using Dual Target Variables of coal input and wastewater control during 2003–2014. The results showed that 82.05% of the total industries within our study scope had an efficiency level below 0.5. Over the entire study period of 2003–2014, only the national monopoly industries and high and new tech industries were able to maintain the optimal efficiency level. In comparison with the existing Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) Model and studies on TFE using multi-target variables methods, this paper has probably made two improvements. First, we improved the original DEA model to calculate the TFE of two target variables (coal input and wastewater control) at the same time. Second, we developed an algorithm to calculate the TFE of industrial coal input and wastewater control from 2003 to 2014, based on the official input-output statistics of China.
Market Timing with Moving Averages
Authors: Ilomäki Jukka , Laurila Hannu , McAleer Michael
Published: June 2018

Consider using the simple moving average (MA) rule of Gartley to determine when to buy stocks, and when to sell them and switch to the risk-free rate. In comparison, how might the performance be affected if the frequency is changed to the use of MA calculations? The empirical results show that, on average, the lower is the frequency, the higher are average daily returns, even though the volatility is virtually unchanged when the frequency is lower. The volatility from the highest to the lowest frequency is about 30% lower as compared with the buy-and-hold strategy volatility, but the average returns approach the buy-and-hold returns when frequency is lower. The 30% reduction in volatility appears if we invest randomly half the time in stock markets and half in the risk-free rate.
A Loss-Averse Newsvendor with Cap-and-Trade Carbon Emissions Regulation
Authors: Choi Sungyong
Published: June 2018

This study aims to provide an optimization model for operational efficiency in individual firms with cap-and-trade carbon emissions regulation. In addition, this study assumes that customers’ demand takes a probability distribution. Under this circumstance, our intention is to draw theoretical and policy implications for carbon emissions regulation by setting and analyzing newsvendor models in which the decision maker is loss-averse for her risk preference. Then, we formulate two loss-averse newsvendor models where we use a “kinked” piecewise linear and concave utility function. More specifically, we show that our objective functions are concave to derive the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. After then, through a comparative static analysis, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of how the model parameters affect the optimal solution. Then, the analytical results can be summarized as follows. First, in a lost-sale model, loss aversion significantly affects the optimal policy of newsvendors’ decision-making with cap-and-trade regulations. Second, in a stockout penalty cost model, the inclusion of cap-and-trade regulation terms and shortage penalty costs adds more structural complexity in the optimal solution. Thus, the directions of the impacts are mixed and the impacts on the optimal solutions are not monotone, especially with cap-and-trade terms. All these analytical results show big differences between the existing risk-neutral and our loss-averse models, which are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Interpreting the Inheritance Mechanism of the Wu Yue Sacred Mountains in China Using Structuralist and Semiotic Approaches
Authors: Zhou Shangyi , Xu Weilin
Published: June 2018

The sustainability of sacred mountains has attracted the attention of both international communities and scholars. However, few studies have focused on the sustainability mechanisms of sacred mountains in the cultural dimension. This article presents a case study of the Wu Yue, i.e., five sacred mountains in China, which is endowed with the highest status and has been a sustainable cultural heritage for more than two thousand years. Drawing on the approaches of structuralist geography and semiotics, this article seeks to systematically interpret the inheritance mechanism of the Wu Yue. Two major conclusions are drawn. First, based on the approach of structuralist geography, the spatial structure of the Wu Yue can be viewed as a surface structure that is determined by a deep structure: the Five Elements Philosophy. Despite the relocation of the South Yue and the North Yue, each mountain of the Wu Yue has almost always been located in the five cardinal directions of the territory in accordance with the Five Elements Philosophy; this fact shows that the deep structure is crucial to maintaining the sustainability of the Wu Yue. Second, based on the semiotic approach, the sign of the sacred mountains has three levels. It is the third level of the sign, consisting of the spatial pattern as signifier and the Five Elements Philosophy as signified, that distinguishes the Wu Yue from other sacred mountains and has allowed them to be inherited for many generations. Poststructuralism can explain the Chinese semiotics of sacred mountains, but it is difficult to interpret the sustainability of the Wu Yue.
A Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Competitive Dual Collection Channel under Asymmetric Information and Reward–Penalty Mechanism
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Zhou Shuya , Zhang Meng , Sun Hao , He Lingyun
Published: June 2018

We investigate a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) where the retailer and the third-party recycler compete against each other to collect waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) given that collection effort is their private information. Using the principle-agent theory, we develop a CLSC model with dual collection channel without the government’s reward–penalty mechanism (RPM). An information screening contract is designed for the manufacturer to attain real information on collection effort levels; meanwhile, the optimal decision-making results of other decision variables are derived. Next, we take RPM into account to further examine the efficacy of the government’s guidance mechanism in improving collection rate and profits of CLSC members. Our results indicate that (i) the collection competition reduces the total collection quantity and the expected profits of all the CLSC members without RPM; (ii) all CLSC members’ expected profits are improved if both two collection agents select a high collection effort level without and with RPM; (iii) RPM increases buyback price, collection price, collection quantity, and franchise fee but decreases wholesale price and retail price; with the reward–penalty intensity increasing, the manufacturer’s expected profit first decreases and then increases, while the expected profits of H-type retailer and H-type third-party recycler continue to increase. We find that RPM may ultimately stimulate the collection agents to collect more WEEEs, while the intense collection competition reduces the profits of CLSC members.
Sustainable Public Procurement Policies on Promoting Scientific and Technological Innovation in China: Comparisons with the U.S., the UK, Japan, Germany, France, and South Korea
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Yun , Ju Yanbing
Published: June 2018

In many countries, sustainable public procurement is a powerful tool to reflect on national strategic intentions and promote scientific and technological innovation. Based on the perspective of an institutional structure, we filtered out the core policies. Using policy bibliometrics, we analyzed Chinese public procurement policies on promoting scientific and technological innovation, revealed policy-making characteristics, and concluded that the Ministry of Finance should appropriately decentralize the policy-making work to other relevant agencies of the State Council. This article compares the main policy tools from four dimensions in China, the U.S., the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France, and South Korea. We issued these pertinent strategies: establishing the vendor database for small and medium enterprises, developing a grade system and the post-evaluation system, formulating detailed implementation methods for high-tech products (services), and carrying out classification management for imported products. For sustainable public procurement policies on promoting scientific and technological innovation, this article provides an effective reference to organize the agencies and formulate the detail measures. This article’s research framework could be applied to analyze other industry policies.
Observers and Their Notion of Spacetime beyond Special Relativity
Authors: Carmona José Manuel , Cortés José Luis , Relancio José Javier
Published: June 2018

It is plausible that quantum gravity effects may lead us to a description of Nature beyond the framework of special relativity. In this case, either the relativity principle is broken or it is maintained. These two scenarios (a violation or a deformation of special relativity) are very different, both conceptually and phenomenologically. We discuss some of their implications on the description of events for different observers and the notion of spacetime.
Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Structural Analysis of Drug Resistance Mutations in Neuraminidase from the 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus
Authors: Pokorná Jana , Pachl Petr , Karlukova Elena , Hejdánek Jakub , Řezáčová Pavlína , Machara Aleš , Hudlický Jason , Konvalinka Jan , Kožíšek Milan
Published: June 2018

Neuraminidase is the main target for current influenza drugs. Reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir, the most widely prescribed neuraminidase inhibitor, has been repeatedly reported. The resistance substitutions I223V and S247N, alone or in combination with the major oseltamivir-resistance mutation H275Y, have been observed in 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. We overexpressed and purified the ectodomain of wild-type neuraminidase from the A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus, as well as variants containing H275Y, I223V, and S247N single mutations and H275Y/I223V and H275Y/S247N double mutations. We performed enzymological and thermodynamic analyses and structurally examined the resistance mechanism. Our results reveal that the I223V or S247N substitution alone confers only a moderate reduction in oseltamivir affinity. In contrast, the major oseltamivir resistance mutation H275Y causes a significant decrease in the enzyme’s ability to bind this drug. Combination of H275Y with an I223V or S247N mutation results in extreme impairment of oseltamivir’s inhibition potency. Our structural analyses revealed that the H275Y substitution has a major effect on the oseltamivir binding pose within the active site while the influence of other studied mutations is much less prominent. Our crystal structures also helped explain the augmenting effect on resistance of combining H275Y with both substitutions.
Bed Morphology around Various Solid and Flexible Grade Control Structures in an Unstable Gravel-Bed River
Authors: Wang Jia-mei , Yang Xing-guo , Zhou Hong-wei , Lin Xing , Jiang Rui , Lv En-quan
Published: June 2018

Flexible grade control structures (GCSs) are increasingly popular alternative countermeasures consisting of conventional solid structures for protecting riverbeds from erosion. Among this structure typology, tetrahedron framed permeable weirs (TFPW) were proposed to stabilize riverbeds and protect cross-river structures. The bed morphology as well as the interactions among the structures, water flow and bed features have not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, based on the field data collected in the Jianjiang River, a series of physical model experiments were carried out in this study to investigate the river morphology in unstable gravel-bed rivers under five different structural conditions, including no GCSs, solid bed sills and flexible TFPW with three different layout types. Data on bedform features, topography changes and the volume of erosion or deposition were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that dramatic general erosion and bed armoring would occur without any protection. The bed would be protected from upstream erosion with bed sills, but, at the same time, in addition to general erosion and bed armoring downstream of the structures, deep local scour might pose a serious threat to structural safety. TFPW had good protective effects on riverbeds by preventing the bed from erosion and even inducing sediment deposition both upstream and downstream from the structures. Because the flexible structures have advantages in ecology, structural stability and construction, TFPW were suitable and optimal for riverbed stabilization in unstable gravel-bed rivers.
Surface Water Dynamics in the North America Arctic Based on 2000–2016 Landsat Data
Authors: Sui Yijie , Fu Dongjie , Wang Xuefeng , Su Fenzhen
Published: June 2018

At high latitudes, lake and river ecosystems are predominant and these ecosystems are undergoing significant changes due to climate change. Although many scientists have studied lakes and rivers in the Arctic region, the inland water dynamics in this region at the continental scale remain unknown. In this study, the dynamics of the Arctic water were analyzed at the continental scale using Landsat ortho-rectified surface reflectance products of fine spatial and temporal resolutions for the period of 2000–2016, using the random forests method. The results of this study produced the following revelations: (i) the water area is decreasing year by year in the long term; (ii) the water loss and gain always show the same dynamic pattern spatially and temporally; (iii) the spatial distribution of the water budget is strongly linked to permafrost, which implies that permafrost determines the distribution pattern of the water dynamics more than climatic factors; and (iv) the dynamics of the water show a certain rule with surface temperature, but the pattern of the dynamics cannot be explained by temperature alone.
Geostatistical Characterization of the Transmissivity: An Example of Kuwait Aquifers
Authors: Al-Murad Mohammad , Zubari Waleed K. , Uddin Saif
Published: June 2018

Management of groundwater resources is critical to arid countries like Kuwait. One crucial information that is often not available to groundwater modelers is transmissivity of aquifers. Kriging is used to characterize the transmissivity of the two most commonly used aquifers in Kuwait (the Dammam and Kuwait Group aquifers). The transmissivity of the two aquifers is represented as a random spatial function where heterogeneity is described by the probability distribution and variogram of sample values. A structural analysis was performed which consisted of the construction and interpretation of sample variograms and the selection of model variograms to best fit the structure of the log-transformed transmissivity. The analysis indicated that the transmissivity of the Dammam aquifer is highly anisotropic and has a longer range of influence and larger variance (39 km; 333,487) than those for the Kuwait Group aquifer (10 km; 44,613). The model variograms were used in the kriging analysis to estimate the spatial average value of the transmissivity of the two aquifers in Kuwait. The estimated transmissivity of the Kuwait Group aquifer ranges from <50 to about 800 m2 day−1, and is controlled principally by the thickness of the saturated zone in the aquifer. The estimated transmissivity in Dammam aquifer ranges from ~100 to 2200 m2 day−1, with high transmissivity fields coinciding with both the areas of major anticline and fault structures and the areas of aquifer recharge by fresh water, indicating the enhancement of the transmissivity on these structures by dissolution. Low transmissivity fields are located in the areas where the aquifer waters are stagnant. The performed analysis can be used to aid in the development of numerical models for sustainable management of the aquifer system in Kuwait, defining artificial recharge sites, and in optimizing the locations of future development wellfields.
Les forces armées africaines au cinéma
Authors: Richard Thomas
Published: June 2018

La représentation des armées africaines au cinéma a été marquée par l’empreinte coloniale à partir d’un certain nombre d’archétypes forgés dès l’époque de la conquête. Ces armées ont été essentiellement envisagées à travers des lignes narratives organisées autour des regards croisés, des thèmes de l’inversion, du contraire et du double imparfait par rapport aux armées étrangères. Ce travail a pour objet d’étudier ce rapport, son utilisation, et de voir dans quelles conditions il peut être déconstruit.
Hybridité et gouvernance de la sécurité en Afrique
Authors: Bagayoko-Penone Niagalé , Hutchful Eboe , Luckham Robin
Published: June 2018

Dans le cadre du programme de recherche trisannuel « Hybrid Security Governance in Africa (HSG), soutenu par le CRDI (Centre de recherche pour le développement international) du gouvernement canadien, Eboe Hutchful, Robin Luckham et Niagalé Bagayoko ont développé une réflexion à la fois théorique et empirique, articulée autour du concept « d’hybridité », utilisé afin de saisir la coexistence de différents systèmes de régulation et de gouvernance, d’ordre formel et informel, dans le champ de la sécurité africaine.
Les appellations d'origine protégée du vin en Espagne, d'après la théorie des mondes de production : une approche quantitative
Authors: Esteban-Rodríguez Samuel , Climent-López Eugenio
Published: June 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de déterminer dans quels mondes de production se situent les appellations d’origine protégée (AOP) de vin en Espagne et d’identifier leurs passages d’un monde à l’autre. Le cadre théorique des mondes de production a été jusqu’ici développé principalement à travers des méthodologies qualitatives, mais nous tenterons dans ce travail de présenter une méthodologie quantitative basée sur des données provenant de sources statistiques diverses. C’est ainsi que nous avons défini et testé des indicateurs des deux dimensions qui définissent les mondes de production (technologie et marché) et les indicateurs des mécanismes de la concurrence entre entreprises (qualité et prix). Il en résulte que les AOP viticoles se répartissent essentiellement entre les mondes de production industriel et interpersonnel, et sont peu présentes dans le monde de production marchand et celui de l’immatériel. De même, nous avons constaté un certain modèle de distribution spatiale ; ainsi certaines AOP sont passées d’un monde de production à un autre, et en particulier vers les marchands et interpersonnel, qui sont les mondes orientés aux marchés dédiés.
Mes Loisirs à l’heure des humanités numériques. Un journal d’événement au miroir des études sur les ego-documents
Authors: Beaurepaire Pierre-Yves
Published: June 2018

Cet article propose de lire Mes Loisirs au miroir des travaux sur les ego-documents. Il montre qu’à l’instar d’autres journaux d’événements, longtemps exploités comme de simples réservoirs à citations, Mes Loisirs mérite d’être considéré avec tout l’intérêt que les chercheurs portent aujourd’hui aux « écritures sans qualité », ordinaires. Par ailleurs, les humanités numériques ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’analyse et d’édition.
La construction du sens autour des lexies d’affect : proposition d’un modèle fonctionnel
Authors: Novakova Iva , Sorba Julie
Published: June 2018

Notre article montre que le sémantisme des lexies d’affect a un impact structurant sur leur environnement textuel. Grâce à l’analyse des procédés linguistiques mobilisés autour de deux types différents de lexies d’affect (affect interpersonnel, p. ex. jalousie , et affect causé, p. ex. joie ), nous montrons que le sens en discours est un phénomène continu opérant sur différents niveaux qui interagissent entre eux (syntagme, phrase, paragraphe, texte). Le corpus choisi pour l’étude est un corpus journalistique constitué dans le cadre du projet Emolex . Nous proposons ici un modèle fonctionnel global pour l’analyse du lexique des émotions.
Faut-il dire migrant ou réfugié ? Débat lexico-sémantique autour d’un problème public
Authors: Calabrese Laura
Published: June 2018

Cet article analyse la discussion autour des mots migrant et réfugié qui a éclaté suite à la prise de position de la chaîne Al Jazeera en faveur de la deuxième dénomination. Le corpus est composé d’articles issus de médias d’information francophones, anglophones et hispanophones, écrits en réaction au post de la chaîne qatarie. L’article avance que le geste d’Al Jazeera constitue un événement discursif d’ampleur, qui cherche à contextualiser la question des réfugiés en exerçant une influence sur la perception de l’événement. L’événement discursif peut être qualifié de « réussi » dans la mesure où la presse d’information constate fatalement la connotation négative du terme migrant , en même temps qu’elle met en évidence un répertoire de catégories servant à désigner le rapport des individus en situation de mobilité, qui manifestent une hiérarchie.
De David et Bethsabée aux rois et à l’histoire d’Israël. Étude narrative et théologique de 2 Samuel 11−12 (2)
Authors: de Vulpillières Sylvie
Published: June 2018

Après avoir montré la cohérence de 2 S 11−12 dans une première partie ( NRT  140, 2018, p. 177-196), on cherche à mesurer narrativement l’importance de ce diptyque en son contexte littéraire. Une typologie se dessine : le péché de David et Bethsabée est emblématique de la vie des rois d’Israël et de leur peuple, mais renvoie aussi déjà au récit d’Adam et Ève. Le péché ne conduit pas Dieu à détruire son peuple mais à renouveler, dans le châtiment même, son alliance.
Le synode des évêques. Quelques réflexions cinquante-trois ans après sa création
Authors: Borras Alphonse
Published: June 2018

Cinquante-trois ans après le Motu proprio Apostolica sollicitudo de Paul vi , cet article réfléchit sur les conséquences ecclésiologiques de la création du synode des évêques : sensus fidelium et coresponsabilité pastorale, dynamique en trois temps de l’expression synodale ( communio fidelium , communio Ecclesiarum , communio episcoporum ) et « collégialité affective », voire « effective », pour reprendre les mots du pape François.
Le Père oublié et la chair absente. Pour une conversion de l’existence liturgique
Authors: Grau Alain
Published: June 2018

La « participation pleine, consciente et active » ( Sacrosanctum concilium  14) devrait nous faire oublier la liturgie « spectaculaire ». L’article trouve dans l’histoire du concept sacramentel le paradigme qui empêche une réelle action liturgique, incluant mutuellement la res tantum et le sacramentum et res , l’action sacerdotale du Christ dans le sacrifice de la Tête et de ses membres.
Agir dans l’Esprit. Une éthique théologale pour la formation au sacerdoce
Authors: Léna Marguerite
Published: June 2018

Cette présentation de la nouvelle Ratio fundamentalis pour la formation sacerdotale, Le don de la vocation presbytérale , publiée le 8 déc. 2016, explicite la pédagogie qui y est engagée au service d’une liberté double : celle qui accueille la configuration au Christ et celle qui se met au service des frères. Elle implique une formation morale des séminaristes dont la marque éminemment théologale est conjointe à la responsabilité de l’amour.
Lumière, être et amour
Authors: Ide Pascal
Published: June 2018

L’article cherche à articuler métaphysiquement trois « notions » usuellement dissociées, la lumière, l’être et l’amour. Pour cela, il établit d’abord la constitution quadripartite de la lumière qui nécessite une source lumineuse, un étant éclairé, une entité colorée et un sujet qui le voit, sans leur être réductible ; cette structure se retrouve, approfondie, avec l’être ( esse ) qui, parfait, mais non subsistant, est médiateur entre l’ Ipsum esse subsistens et l’ ens substantiel conçu comme habens esse , et saisi par l’esprit dans un jugement ; enfin, l’amour comme don épouse la même dynamique : les couples aimant-aimé, donateur-donataire appellent la double médiation de l’esprit ( hau ) et du don ( datum ). La conclusion suggère notamment un prolongement, qui est aussi un couronnement, en direction du troisième ordre de Pascal, la charité, par la théologie trinitaire.
Des jardins et des livres : questions de méthode
Authors: Polizzi Gilles
Published: June 2018

Le propos de cette contribution est la synthèse méthodologique des relations entre l’art des jardins, les études littéraires et l’histoire du livre, de la fin du Moyen Âge à celle du xvi e siècle. À partir de trois exemples (le jardin maniériste de Bomarzo, les éditions vénitiennes et françaises de l’ Hypnerotomachia Poliphili , le manuscrit du Trésor amoureux ) on définit des notions clés pour l’esthétique de l’objet : les échelles du jardin rapportées aux genres littéraires, le chemin de fer du livre à la cinétique de l’œuvre, le format éditorial à son affichage ou déguisement.
Un oublié de l’histoire littéraire : le roman en vers composé en français vers 1500
Authors: Mounier Pascale
Published: June 2018

Il est intéressant d’approcher des œuvres en marge de l’histoire du roman comme de celle de la poésie en mettant en œuvre une démarche décloisonnant des disciplines. Le fait de mobiliser autant que possible des compétences diverses sans renoncer aux savoirs et aux outils que chacune d’elles mobilise spécifiquement permet en effet de rendre visible poignée de romans en vers composés en français aux alentours de l’an 1500. Que l’on soit médiéviste ou seiziémiste, on peut envisager de les intégrer à l’histoire littéraire à condition de réussir à dégager de leur comparaison les éléments qui en font une forme distinctive d’écriture.
Rôle et statut de la traduction dans les corpus de thèse : l’exemple de la déclamation
Authors: Boulet Michaël
Published: June 2018

À travers l’exemple des déclamations, objet central de ses recherches, Michaël Boulet montre combien les œuvres de la Renaissance rentrent malaisément dans les catégories modernes : en effet, ni le découpage par siècle, ni la distinction par genres littéraires ne sont satisfaisant dans ce domaine. De plus, les humanistes sont généralement des traducteurs et, dans les discours problématiques que sont les déclamations établir clairement ce qui relève de l’originalité de l’auteur et ce qui relève du « retraitement » d’une manière commune semble fort périlleux. Ainsi, le chercheur est-il plus ou moins contraint d’adapter ses catégories mentales aux objets littéraires qui ont été produits souvent sans ces mêmes catégories.
Quelques réflexions sur la notion de genre épistémique à la Renaissance
Authors: Giacomotto-Charra Violaine
Published: June 2018

Depuis quelques années, les historiens du savoir utilisent le concept de genre épistémique pour rendre compte de l’étroite intrication de la forme et du fond dans la production des savoirs nouveaux à la Renaissance. Or cette notion repose sur l’idée de littérarité ou de formes littéraires, sans toutefois explorer précisément ces notions. Cet article se propose de réfléchir aux pistes ouvertes par l’apparition de ce concept, en l’envisageant également du point de vue de la littérature.
Dax Dasilva – La technologie au service de l’humain
Authors: Auger Claudine , Girard Martin
Published: June 2018

Entre Lightspeed , une entreprise à la croissance fulgurante qui commercialise des solutions informatiques pour les détaillants et pour les restaurateurs, et l’ OBNL Never Apart , que son fondateur définit comme un agent de changement au moyen de la culture, Dax Dasilva ne craint nullement la dualité entre l’homme et la machine. Fort d’une confiance inébranlable en l’être humain, l’homme d’affaires porte ces deux immenses projets avec la foi d’un missionnaire des temps modernes qui compte bien participer à la construction d’un monde meilleur.
Les marques dans un monde transparent
Authors: Balloffet Pierre , Plopeanu Simona Camelia
Published: June 2018

Au cours des 25 dernières années, nos modèles de marketing se sont métamorphosés et les entreprises sont devenues des médias. Pour comprendre les relations que nous entretenons avec les marques, Simona Camelia Plopeanu s’est entretenue avec Pierre Balloffet , professeur agrégé au Département d’entrepreneuriat et innovation de HEC Montréal.
Pierre-Yves Gomez, philosophe de l’entreprise
Authors: Gomez Pierre-Yves , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: June 2018

L’économiste français et docteur en gestion Pierre-Yves Gomez a consacré sa carrière à mieux comprendre l’entreprise et la place qu’elle occupe dans la société. Professeur de stratégie à l’ École de management de Lyon (EM Lyon) , en France, il dirige l’Institut français de gouvernement des entreprises. Avec Gestion , Pierre-Yves Gomez a discuté des multinationales dans une économie mondialisée et de leurs effets sur la gouvernance d’entreprise et sur la société dans son ensemble.
Une bataille de géants
Authors: Lemieux Sylvie
Published: June 2018

La transformation du commerce de détail est un phénomène mondial auquel le Québec n’échappe pas. Certes, les défis à relever sont nombreux, mais ils représentent autant de nouvelles occasions d’affaires à saisir. Portrait.
La Vie en Rose – Le succès est dans le détail
Authors: Lord Simon , Daoust-Lalande Aurélie
Published: June 2018

Rachetée en 1996 par son président actuel, François Roberge, La Vie en Rose s’est taillé une place enviable sur le marché de la lingerie féminine. Malgré un secteur du commerce de détail en plein bouleversement, l’entreprise poursuit son expansion au Canada, à l’étranger et sur le web. Portrait sans retouches d’une firme qui, pourrait-on dire, connaît intimement les dessous du commerce de détail.
Des mesures s’imposent pour rétablir l’équité fiscale
Authors: Côté Jean-Guy
Published: June 2018

Les Québécois aiment Netflix et le Club Illico. En ligne, ils fréquentent Archambault et iTunes Store. Ils achètent des tasses à partir du site Internet de Stokes ou dans un commerce de l’Ohio qui utilise la marketplace d’Amazon. Généralement, les taxes à acquitter sont perçues, mais parfois, elles ne le sont pas. Portrait d’un déséquilibre à corriger.
Gestion des données : la gouvernance, une boussole
Authors: Venne Jean-François
Published: June 2018

Alors que la gouvernance de données est sur toutes les lèvres, elle reste mal comprise et suscite autant de craintes que d’espoirs. Or, si on veut qu’elle crée de la valeur pour l’entreprise, ce qui demeure son but ultime, il faut d’abord la démystifier.
Gestion rigoureuse et agile de la stratégie : un préalable à la croissance à long terme des entreprises
Authors: Hadaya Pierre , Gagnon Bernard
Published: June 2018

De 50 % à 90 % des efforts stratégiques des entreprises sont en définitive considérés comme des échecs 1 . Par conséquent, peu d’entreprises réussissent à créer et à maintenir un avantage concurrentiel ainsi qu’à assurer leur croissance de façon durable. Les entreprises peuvent toutefois éviter le naufrage grâce à un système rigoureux et agile de gestion de la stratégie.
Diagnostic
Authors: Brunelle Éric , Pauchant Thierry C. , Genolhac Eléonore
Published: June 2018

Pour contrer l’oubli provoqué par la succession ininterrompue des nouvelles quotidiennes, Gestion décortique les enjeux qui se cachent derrière les grands titres.
EHPSO: An Enhanced Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Internet of Things
Authors: Li Dashe , Cheng Dapeng , Qin Jihong , Liu Shue , Liu Pingping
Published: June 2018

Internet of Things (IOT) has found broad applications and has drawn more and more attention from researchers. At the same time, IOT also presents many challenges, one of which is node localization, i.e. how to determine the geographical position of each sensor node. Algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem. A popular algorithm is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) because it is simple to implement and needs relatively less computation. However, PSO is easily trapped into local optima and gives premature results. In order to improve the PSO algorithm, this paper proposes the EHPSO algorithm based on Novel Particle Swarm Optimization (NPSO) and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO). The EHPSO algorithm applies the principle of best neighbor of each particle to the HPSO algorithm. Simulation results indicate that EHPSO outperforms HPSO and NPSO in evaluating accurate node positions and improves convergence by avoiding being trapped into local optima.
Application of Sensors in Intelligent Clothing Design
Authors: Jiang Shali , Ren Qiong
Published: June 2018

In order to study the application of sensors in intelligent clothing design, the artificially intelligent cutting-edge technology -machine learning method was proposed to combine a variety of signals of non-contact sensors in several different positions. Higher accuracy was achieved, while maintaining the comfort brought by a non-contact sensor. The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy focused on the combination of clothing design technology and artificial intelligence technology. As a result, without changing the sensor materials, it enhances the comfort and precision of clothing, eliminates the comfort reduced by sensor close to the skin, and transforms inaccurate measurement into accurate measurement.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Detection System Based on Multi-sensor Data Fusion
Authors: Han Meifang
Published: June 2018

Aiming at solving the navigation and obstacle avoidance of the unmanned vehicle,the multi sensor data fusion technology and unmanned vehicle obstacle avoidance navigation algorithm were studied profoundly. According to the requirements of the application of unmanned vehicle navigation and obstacle avoidance system, multisensor data fusion technology was applied to unmanned vehicle navigation and obstacle avoidance control system. In addition, A*VFF navigation and obstacle avoidance algorithm based on fuzzy neural network was improved. Finally, through the construction of the simulation platform, simulation experiment of the unmanned vehicle obstacle avoidance navigation was completed, and a better route was planned for unmanned vehicle in a more complex environment. The results showed that it realized the autonomous navigation of unmanned vehicle and obstacle avoidance function. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the application of artificial intelligence detection system has good performance.
Multi-sensor Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Multiresolution Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhi-guo , Wang Wei , Su Baolin
Published: June 2018

To solve the fusion problem of visible and infrared images, based on image fusion algorithm such as region fusion, wavelet transform, spatial frequency, Laplasse Pyramid and principal component analysis, the quality evaluation index of image fusion was defined. Then, curve-let transform was used to replace the wavelet change to express the superiority of the curve. It integrated the intensity channel and the infrared image, and then transformed it to the original space to get the fused color image. Finally, two groups of images at different time intervals were used to carry out experiments, and the images obtained after fusion were compared with the images obtained by the first five algorithms, and the quality was evaluated. The experiment showed that the image fusion algorithm based on curve-let transform had good performance, and it can well integrate the information of visible and infrared images. It is concluded that the image fusion algorithm based on curve-let change is a feasible multi-sensor image fusion algorithm based on multi-resolution analysis.
Time Synchronization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Frequency Offset Estimation
Authors: Yu Shaojun , Lin Li , Wang Yujian , Chen Xingyuan
Published: June 2018

Aiming at solving the poor the classical synchronous algorithm stability in wireless sensor network and high overhead of clock phase offset and frequency offset, a synchronization algorithm (CSMS algorithm) was designed for wireless sensor networks based on frequency offset estimation. The CSMS algorithm used the low overhead phase bias and frequency offset estimation method to improve the synchronization accuracy and stability of the pair nodes. At the same time, a synchronization strategy was built based on layering and broadcast monitoring, which ensured the stability and synchronization accuracy of the algorithm, realized the synchronization with neighbor nodes and root nodes, and optimized the total synchronization cost. Among them, the CSMS algorithm was mainly divided into two stages: level discovery phase, which was used for generating a layered structure of network; synchronization phase, used to estimate clock offset and frequency offset between pairs of nodes. The experimental results showed that the CSMS algorithm can effectively balance the synchronization energy consumption, synchronization accuracy and synchronization stability. As a result, it is summed up that dynamic adjustment of the nodes clock deviation is realized, the long-term stability of synchronization is ensured, and the precision of synchronization is improved.
Data Clustering Method in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Residual Energy Perception
Authors: Yang Xudong
Published: June 2018

To prolong the survival time of wireless sensor network, an iterative scheme was proposed. First of all, spectrum clustering algorithm iteratively segmented the network into clusters, and cluster head nodes in each sub cluster were determined depending on the size of residual energy of sensor nodes. Then, a data forwarding balance tree was constructed in each sub cluster. Data forwarding path of each non-cluster head node was defined, and the moving path of a mobile data collector was determined, which used the residual energy as the basis for the network optimization. Finally, this scheme was simulated, and two traditional data gathering algorithms were compared. The results showed that the algorithm designed in this experiment could effectively balance energy consumption among all WSN nodes and had great performance improvement compared with the traditional data collection algorithm. To sum up, this algorithm can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the network and improve the lifetime of the network.
Ship Navigation System Based on Wireless Sensor
Authors: Xie Baofeng , Ge Rong , Hu Qinyou
Published: June 2018

To study the application of wireless sensor in the ship dynamic positioning system, the distributed fusion function model and structure model of wireless sensor network were set up.Using the DJC model-based SVM prediction algorithm, the quadratic optimal performance index in ship dynamic positioning MPC control was solved and the optimal control thrust was obtained.According to the classic cluster routing protocol, a data fusion structure based on residual energy and dormancy scheduling mechanism was proposed. The results showed that the proposed routing protocol based on the residual energy and sleep scheduling mechanism data fusion structure was superior to the Leach protocol. It improved the real-time performance of data transmission. Thus, the network data fusion structure achieves the goal of energy balance. The energy consumption is reduced to a certain extent and the design is reasonable.
Audio Signal and Troubleshooting System Based on Wireless Sensor
Authors: Shen Min , Tang Zhiling
Published: June 2018

To explore the application of audio signal in the troubleshooting system, a sound detection system was designed. The system consists of three parts: voice acquisition node, aggregation node and host computer monitoring software. Time protocol synchronization (TPSN) algorithm was used to realize the synchronization between nodes. The algorithm and the trilateration method were applied to the system. The applications of the sound detection system in the field of fault sound source localization were realized.Wireless sensor networks were used in sound detection systems, which had many advantages. On the one hand, complicated wiring was avoided. It had the advantages of easy to set up and easy to move.On the other hand, some self-organizing and adaptive features in wireless sensor networks and some methods of synchronization and localization could be introduced. Thewhole system was more flexible and its application was more extensive.Using monitoring software, users can remotely access to the scene of the voice signal.The results showed that the system had high transmission rate, stable operation and small positioning error. Therefore, it has good application prospects.
A Reliability Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Zhang Qiuming , Luo Jing
Published: June 2018

Aiming at the reliability optimization algorithm based on wireless sensor network, a data fusion algorithm based on extreme learning machine for wireless sensor network was proposed according to the temporal spatial correlation in data collection process. After analyzing the principles, design ideas and implementation steps of extreme learning machine algorithm, the performance and results were compared with traditional BP algorithm, LEACH algorithm and RBF algorithm in simulation environment. The simulation results showed that the data fusion optimization algorithm based on the limit learning machine for wireless sensor network was reliable. It improved the efficiency of fusion and the comprehensive reliability of the network. Thus, it can prolong the life cycle and reduce the total energy consumption of the network.
Security of Intelligent Building Network Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Xu Shuang , Zhou Tong
Published: June 2018

In order to study the intelligent buildings, the intelligent building network security of wireless sensor was explored. Because of its advantages of low cost, easy installation, low maintenance and update cost, wireless sensor network system was applied to intelligent building. In view of the characteristics of various influencing factors on the wireless sensor network working environment, node hardware cost and location accuracy, a secure localization algorithm based on DV-Hop was put forward. The security analysis results showed that the algorithm resisted external attacks and guaranteed the accuracy of location results. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the algorithm can be used to protect the safety of wireless sensor network in building.
Exploration of a New Location Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Huang Chao , Mao Yuang
Published: June 2018

To further study the basic principle and localization process of DV-Hop location algorithm, the location error reason of traditional location algorithm caused by the minimum hop number was analyzed and demonstrated in detail. The RSSI ranging technology was introduced to modify the minimum hops stage, and the minimum hop number was improved by the DV-Hop algorithm. For the location error caused by the average hop distance, the hop distance of the original algorithm was optimized. The improved location algorithm of DV-Hop average hop distance was used to modify the average range calculation by introducing the proportion of beacon nodes and the optimal threshold value. The optimization algorithm of the two different stages was combined into an improved location algorithm based on hop distance optimization, and the advantages of the two algorithms were taken into account.Finally, the traditional DV-Hop location algorithm and the three improved location algorithms were simulated and analyzed by beacon node ratio and node communication radius with multi angle. The experimental results showed that the improved algorithm was better than the original algorithm in the positioning stability and positioning accuracy.
Circulation within the Family Residential Area: The Families of Colombian Migrants in Spain
Authors: Sierra-Paycha Celio
Published: June 2018

The residential geography of families of migrants is a topic rarely addressed from a quantitative point of view. Based on the analysis of survey data on Colombian migrants in Spain (ENI, 2007), this article aims at describing the network build up by the different places of residence of those family members, may these be in Spain, Colombia or anywhere else in the world. The links between the different places of residence are handled means of the circulation approach. Migrant’s circulation, but also monetary remittances and transnational communication by telephone or Internet, may help consider these family geographies as “family residential systems”.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Restores HIV-Specific CD4 T Cell Help for NK Cells
Authors: Porichis Filippos , Hart Meghan G. , Massa Alexandra , Everett Holly L. , Morou Antigoni , Richard Jonathan , Brassard Nathalie , Veillette Maxime , Hassan Muska , Ly Ngoc Le , Routy Jean-Pierre , Freeman Gordon J. , Dubé Mathieu , Finzi Andrés , Kaufmann Daniel E.
Published: June 2018

Immune exhaustion is an important feature of chronic infections, such as HIV, and a barrier to effective immunity against cancer. This dysfunction is in part controlled by inhibitory immune checkpoints. Blockade of the PD-1 or IL-10 pathways can reinvigorate HIV-specific CD4 T cell function in vitro, as measured by cytokine secretion and proliferative responses upon Ag stimulation. However, whether this restoration of HIV-specific CD4 T cells can improve help to other cell subsets impaired in HIV infection remains to be determined. In this study, we examine a cohort of chronically infected subjects prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and individuals with suppressed viral load on ART. We show that IFN-γ induction in NK cells upon PBMC stimulation by HIV Ag varies inversely with viremia and depends on HIV-specific CD4 T cell help. We demonstrate in both untreated and ART-suppressed individuals that dual PD-1 and IL-10 blockade enhances cytokine secretion of NK cells via restored HIV-specific CD4 T cell function, that soluble factors contribute to these immunotherapeutic effects, and that they depend on IL-2 and IL-12 signaling. Importantly, we show that inhibition of the PD-1 and IL-10 pathways also increases NK degranulation and killing of target cells. This study demonstrates a previously underappreciated relationship between CD4 T cell impairment and NK cell exhaustion in HIV infection, provides a proof of principle that reversal of adaptive immunity exhaustion can improve the innate immune response, and suggests that immune checkpoint modulation that improves CD4/NK cell cooperation can be used as adjuvant therapy in HIV infection.
Active mTORC2 Signaling in Naive T Cells Suppresses Bone Marrow Homing by Inhibiting CXCR4 Expression
Authors: Arojo Omotooke A. , Ouyang Xinxing , Liu Dou , Meng Ting , Kaech Susan M. , Pereira Joao P. , Su Bing
Published: June 2018

Recirculation of naive T cells between secondary lymphoid organs to receive survival cues and scan for signs of infection or other pathologic conditions is important for immune homeostasis and effective immune responses. Although the mechanisms that specifically guide the entry of naive T cells into secondary lymphoid organs are well studied, the mechanisms that keep them from fluxing into inappropriate or undesirable compartments, such as healthy tissues or bone marrow, are less well understood. In this study, we report an unexpected finding that under steady state, bone marrow homing of naive T cells is actively suppressed by mTORC2 signaling. We found that in mice, T cell–specific deletion of an essential mTORC2 component Sin1 results in increased accumulation of naive T cells in the bone marrow. Mechanistically, we show that loss of mTORC2 signaling in naive T cells results in enhanced FOXO1 activity, which leads to increased CXCR4 expression and chemotactic response to CXCL12, a key chemokine that promotes bone marrow homing and retention of T cells. Together, the results of our study reveal a novel role of mTORC2 in T cell homeostasis via active suppression of naive T cell bone marrow homing by the mTORC2–FOXO1–CXCR4 axis.