bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foregrounding the ageing self: a duoethnographic account of growing older as a gerontologist and educator
Authors: Hostetler Andrew J. , Weil Joyce
Published: February 2023

Although ageing is personally relevant to many if not most gerontologists, a reflexive perspective is largely absent from gerontological scholarship. This paper employs duoethnography, a variant of autoethnography, to explore how experiences related to growing older have informed the authors' teaching and scholarship in the field of ageing. Duoethnography involves putting two autoethnographies into conversation, promoting dynamic self-understandings and generating new insights through dialogue. The co-authors first reflected on their journeys to date in the field, including on how the personification of ageing has shifted our perspective. Then we shared our narratives and made some initial revisions based on each other's feedback. Next, we collaboratively identified and discussed three broad, connective themes: the differing yet central role of gender in our narratives, teaching and generativity, and the pedagogical and personal challenges associated with ageism. Our reflections and dialogue deepened our understanding of these issues central to studying and teaching about ageing. The kind of reflective practice that we model could be a vital resource for bridging the gap between theory and practice, researcher and researched.
‘Ways of being’ in the domestic garden for people living with dementia: doing, sensing and playing
Authors: Buse Christina , Balmer Andrew , Keady John , Nettleton Sarah , Swift Sarah
Published: February 2023

Domestic gardens represent a site for enacting embodied identity and social relationships in later life, and negotiating tensions between continuity and change. In the context of dementia, domestic gardens have significant implications for ‘living well’ at home, and for wider discussions around embodiment, relational selfhood and agency. Yet previous studies exploring dementia and gardens have predominantly focused on care home or community contexts. In light of this, the paper explores the role of domestic gardens in the everyday lives of people living with dementia and their households, using qualitative, creative methods. This includes filmed walking interviews and garden tours, diaries and sketch methods, involving repeat visits with six households in England. Findings are organised thematically in relation to different ‘ways of being’ in the garden: working in and doing the garden; being in and sensing; and playing, empowerment and agency. These different ‘ways of being’ are situated within relationships with household members, neighbours and non-human actors, including pets, wildlife and the materiality of the garden. Garden practices illustrate continuity, situated within embodied biographies and habitus. However, identities, practices and gardens are also subject to ongoing readjustment and reconstruction. The conclusion discusses implications for extending literature on gardens and later life, describing how social and material relationships in domestic gardens are renegotiated in the context of dementia, while highlighting opportunities for ‘play’, active sensing and agency. We also explore contributions to understandings of dementia, home and place, and implications for garden design and care practice.
Negative ageism and compassionate ageism in news coverage of older people under COVID-19: how did the pandemic progression and public health responses associate with different news themes?
Authors: Wong Frankie Ho Chun , Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Wong Edwin Lok Yan , Liu Tianyin , Wong Gloria Hoi Yan , Lum Terry Yat Sang
Published: February 2023

Previous studies have found negative ageing narratives in the media during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few have focused on compassionate ageism and how the news responded to the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated (a) media themes of negative and compassionate ageism and (b) their relationships with COVID-19 parameters and the public health response. The sample included 1,197 articles relevant to COVID-19 and older people in Hong Kong published between January and December 2020. We used thematic analysis to identify themes from the news articles and structural equation modelling to explore these themes' relationship with the number of older people infected, effective reproduction number, number of COVID-19 deaths and public health response parallel in time. Pandemic-related variables were lagged for a day – the time needed to be reflected in the news. Two negative ageism themes portrayed older people as vulnerable to COVID-19 but counterproductive in combating the pandemic. Two compassionate ageism themes depicted older people as a homogenous group of passive assistance recipients. The theme blaming older people was associated with the number of confirmed infections (β = 0.418, p = 0.002) but vulnerability of older people was not associated with pandemic-related variables. The theme helping older people was negatively associated with the percentage of older people in confirmed infections (β = −0.155, p = 0.019). The theme resources available was negatively associated with confirmed infections (β = −0.342, p < 0.001) but positively associated with the Containment and Health Index (β = 0.217, p = 0.005). Findings suggested that negative and compassionate ageism were translated into narratives about older people in the media as the pandemic evolved but did not address the actual risk they faced. Media professionals should be aware of the potential negative and compassionate ageism prompted by the news agenda and promote adequate health behaviours and responses.
Care arrangements between family and state – developing hybrid scripts of ageing in a context of migration
Authors: Liversage Anika
Published: February 2023

Due to demographic developments, the number of immigrant families with older members is growing across Western Europe. Poised between the different approaches to care in their countries of origin and destination, such families are treading new ground as they negotiate support for older family members. Based on semi-structured interviews with 26 older and younger family members from 20 Turkish immigrant families in Denmark, this article investigates the broad variation in how these families approach caring for older people. At one end of the scale, some families (re)create a traditional Turkish approach to care in which three generations live together and the daughter-in-law is the main care provider. At the other end of the scale, some families follow the Danish approach in which families rely on public care provision. In between these two poles, many families devise a variety of care solutions for their older members that often rely on considerable support by family. Utilising Cati Coe's concept of care-scription, the analysis shows how families negotiate – and sometimes struggle over – who will shoulder which tasks. In the post-migration context, daughters-in-law are often able to retreat from their traditional role of care provider, which in turn increases expectations of daughters' care provisions. In Denmark, which is a relatively gender-equal society, Turkish daughters may seek to make their brothers take on a greater role in the provision of care for their parents, and in some families, the children also turn towards public care provisions to share the burden of parental care. Resistance from older parents may, however, short-circuit this strategy. Overall, the study points both to the difficulties faced by older immigrants with limited host-country language proficiency when utilising public European care provisions and to the complex and unsettled nature of care provisions in immigrant families in Europe today.
Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal analysis of mumps at township level in Wuhan, China, 2005–2019
Authors: Peng Ying , Wang Peng , Kong De-guang , Li Wen-zhen , Wang Dong-ming , Cai Li , Lu Sha , Yu Bin , Chen Bang-hua , Liu Pu-Lin
Published: February 2023

The resurgence and outbreaks of mumps occur frequently in many countries worldwide in recent years, even in countries with high vaccination coverage. In this study, a descriptive and spatiotemporal clustering analysis at the township level was conducted to explore the dynamic spatiotemporal aggregation and epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Wuhan. During 2005 and 2019, there were 40 685 cases reported in Wuhan, with an average annual morbidity of 28.11 per 100 000 populations. The morbidity showed a fluctuating tendency, and peaked in 2010 and 2018. Bimodal seasonality was found, with a large peak between May and July, and a mild peak from November to January in the following year. Male students aged 5–9-year-old were the main risk group of mumps infection. Significant global spatial auto-correlation was detected except in 2007, 2009 and 2015. The spatial and temporal scan statistics indicated that the hot-spots mainly located at the western and southern areas of Wuhan with variations almost every year. Our findings could assist the public health authorities to develop and improve targeted health strategies, and allocate health resources rationally.
Extensive protected area coverage and an updated global population estimate for the Endangered Madagascar Serpent-eagleEutriorchis astur
Authors: Sutton Luke J. , Benjara Armand , Rene de Roland Lily-Arison , Thorstrom Russell , McClure Christopher J. W.
Published: February 2023

Knowledge gaps regarding distribution, habitat associations, and population size for rare and threatened range-restricted taxa lead to uncertainty in directing conservation action. Quantifying range metrics and species–habitat associations using Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with remote-sensing habitat data can overcome these setbacks by establishing baseline estimates for biological parameters critical for conservation assessments. Area of Habitat (AOH) is a new range metric recently developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. AOH seeks to quantify inferred habitat within a species’ range to inform extinction risk assessments. Here, we used SDMs correlating occurrences with remote-sensing covariates to calculate a first estimate of AOH for the Endangered Madagascar Serpent-eagleEutriorchis astur, and then updated additional IUCN range metrics and the current global population estimate. From these baselines we then conducted a gap analysis assessing protected area coverage. Our continuous SDM had robust predictive performance (Continuous Boyce Index = 0.835) and when reclassified to a binary model estimated an AOH = 30,121 km2, 13% less than the current IUCN range map. We estimated a global population of 533 mature individuals derived from the Madagascar Serpent-eagle AOH metric, which was within current IUCN population estimates. The current protected area network covered 95% of AOH, with the binary model identifying three additional key habitat areas as new protected area designations to fully protect Madagascar Serpent-eagle habitat. Our results demonstrated that correlating presence-only occurrences with remote-sensing habitat covariates can fill knowledge gaps useful for informing conservation action. Applying this spatial information to conservation planning would ensure almost full protected area coverage for this endangered raptor. For tropical forest habitat specialists, we recommend that potential predictors derived from remote sensing, such as vegetation indices and biophysical measures, are considered as covariates, along with other variables including climate and topography.
Supplementation of culture medium with quercetin improves mouse blastocyst quality and increases the expression of HIF-1α protein
Authors: Hernández-Rollán Nuria , Sánchez-Mateos Soledad , López-Morató Marta , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Álvarez Ignacio S.
Published: February 2023

Regarding the low number of embryos that reach the blastocyst stage when cultured in vitro, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on pre-implantation mouse (Mus musculus) embryos obtained using in vitro fertilization, especially during the passage from morula to blastocyst. Furthermore, we studied whether quercetin also affected the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). The culture medium for the embryos was supplemented with quercetin, for long or short periods of time, and then the development potential, total cell number, apoptosis rates and expression of HIF-1α were studied to determine the effect of quercetin. Embryos failed to develop when cultured for long periods of time with quercetin, implying the possible toxic effects of this, alternatively antioxidant, compound. However, a short culture from morula to blastocyst significantly improved the development potential of in vitro produced embryos, increasing the final total cell number and reducing the apoptosis rate, observing similar results to those embryos cultured in low-oxygen concentrations or developed in utero. Furthermore, in embryos treated with quercetin for 2 or 4 h we found an increase in HIF-1α compared with untreated embryos. This work could imply a way to use quercetin in fertility clinics to improve the production of healthy blastocysts and, consequently, increase the success rates in assisted reproduction techniques.
On being Orthodox renouncers: theYuktidīpikā's establishment of the Sāṅkhya mode of life (Sannyāsa) in the name of the Veda
Authors: Ham Hyoung Seok
Published: February 2023

Unlike other commentaries on theSāṅkhyakārikā, theYuktidīpikā(circasixth to eighth centuries) problematised the Sāṅkhya tradition's equivocal attitudes toward the Veda. While submitting itself to the authority of the Veda, theYuktidīpikā's commentary onSāṅkhyakārikā2 illustrates how Sāṅkhya thinkers of the post-Gupta period safeguarded the identity of Brahmin renouncers. Aligning its doctrine with the Upaniṣad, the end of the Veda, theYuktidīpikālaunched a Sāṅkhya navigation of the central concern of Indian intellectuals, Vedic hermeneutics, and attempted to secure Sāṅkhya's place within Vedic orthodoxy. This article discusses theYuktidīpikā's strategy for surviving the peer pressure of Vedic ritualists, as represented by the Mīmāṃsakas, while maintaining Sāṅkhya superiority by exploiting the inner division within the Veda.
Exploring the neutron star zoo: An observational review
Authors: Borghese Alice
Published: February 2023

Neutron stars have shown diverse characteristics, leading us to classify them into different classes. In this proceeding, I review the observational properties of isolated neutron stars: from magnetars, the strongest magnets we know of, to central compact objects, the so-called anti-magnetars, stopping by the rotation-powered pulsars and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars. Finally, I highlight a few sources that have exhibited features straddling those of different groups, blurring the apparent diversity of the neutron star zoo.
Inferring the dense nuclear matter equation of state with neutron star tides
Authors: Pnigouras Pantelis , Andersson Nils
Published: February 2023

During the late stages of a neutron star binary inspiral finite-size effects come into play, with the tidal deformability of the supranuclear density matter leaving an imprint on the gravitational-wave signal. As demonstrated in the case of GW170817—the first direct detection of gravitational waves from a neutron star binary—this can lead to strong constraints on the neutron star equation of state. As detectors become more sensitive, effects which may have a smaller influence on the neutron star tidal deformability need to be taken into consideration. Dynamical effects, such as oscillation mode resonances triggered by the orbital motion, have been shown to contribute to the tidal deformability, especially close to the neutron star coalesence. We calculate the contribution of the various stellar oscillation modes to the tidal deformability and demonstrate the (anticipated) dominance of the fundamental mode, showing what the impact of the matter composition is on the tidal deformability.
Are hypermassive neutron stars stable against a prompt collapse?
Authors: Szewczyk Paweł , Gondek-Rosińska Dorota , Kolasa Kamil , Mehta Parita
Published: February 2023

Differential rotation in neutron stars allows for significantly larger masses than rigid rotation. Some of those hypermassive objects are, however, unstable and collapse to a black hole immediately after formation. Yet, the exact threshold of dynamical stability is still unknown.

In our work we explore the limits on masses of neutron stars with various degrees of differential rotation which could be stable against a prompt collapse to a black hole by using turning-point (j-constant) criterion. We considered both spheroidal and quasi-toroidal differentially rotating neutron stars described by the polytropic equation of state. We find that massive configurations could be temporarily stabilized by differential rotation. Such objects are important sources of gravitational waves. Our results are a starting point for more detailed studies of stability using hydrodynamical codes.
The Magnetar Connection
Authors: Chowhan Tanmay Tushar , Konar Sushan , Banik Sarmistha
Published: February 2023

We investigate the combined evolution of the dipolar surface magnetic field (Bs) and the spin-period (Ps) of known Magnetars and high magnetic field (
$${{\rm{B}}_s} \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel>\over {\smash{\scriptstyle\sim}\vphantom{_x}}$}} {10^{13}}{\rm{G}}$$
) radio pulsars. We study the long term behaviour of these objects assuming a simple Ohmic dissipation of the magnetic field. Identifying the regions (in the Ps-Bs plane) in which these neutron stars would likely move into, before crossing the death-line to enter the pulsar graveyard, we comment upon the possible connection between the Magnetars and other classes of neutron stars.
Advancing Computational Methods to Understand the Dynamics of Ejection, Accretion, Winds, and Jets in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Lopez Armengol Federico G. ,   Compact-Binaries Collaboration
Published: February 2023

We introduce the HandOff, a set of computational tools to transfer general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic and spacetime data from the numerical code IllinoisGRMHD to Harm3d. While the former simulates binary neutron star (BNS) mergers in full dynamical General Relativity, the latter specializes in modeling accretion disks around black holes (BH) over long timescales. The HandOff, then, enables us to transfer the outcome of BNS mergers after BH formation from IllinoisGRMHD to Harm3d and to evolve the post-merger system efficiently over long timescales. We show our latest results in this respect, for matter modeled as a magnetized ideal-fluid, and discuss our future plans which involve incorporating advanced equations of state and neutrino physics into BNS simulations using the HandOff approach.
Modelling the deformability of magnetized neutron stars in the light of future continuous gravitational waves detection
Authors: Bucciantini Niccolò , Soldateschi Jacopo
Published: February 2023

Neutron stars are known to host extremely powerful magnetic fields. Among other effects, one of the consequences of harboring such fields is the deformation of the neutron star structure, leading, together with rotation, to the emission of continuous gravitational waves (CGWs). We present an extensive numerical study of magnetized neutron stars in GR with a large variety of different Equations of State (EoSs) and show that it is possible to find simple relations between the magnetic deformation of a neutron star, its mass and radius, that are mostly independent on the EoS or magnetic configuration. We discuss how these relations can be used in conjunction with possible future CGWs detection to set constrains on the EoS and magnetic configurations of NSs (e.g. the presence of a superconducting phase). By carrying out a population synthesis, we estimate the possible CGWs detectability of galactic millisecond pulsars, with third generation GW detectors.
Sitting at the Same Table: a cross-disciplinary ‘constitutional-institutionalist’ approach to the study of constitutions
Authors: Passchier Reijer , Stremler Maarten
Published: February 2023

This article presents a cross-disciplinary approach to the study of constitutions: ‘constitutional institutionalism’. Conventional approaches in law, philosophy or political science tend to reduce constitutions either to their formal, factual or ideal aspects. The constitutional-institutionalist approach, by contrast, seeks to integrate these aspects into a more general perspective by focusing on the dynamic interplay between constitutional actors and constitutional norms. It understands constitutional norms as binding institutions that shape and constrain political action, but never fully determine it. Constitutional institutionalism furthermore asserts that constitutional norms, whatever form they take, only have meaning in relation to other constitutional norms as well as to constitutional actors, who impose meaning on these norms. Therefore, constitutional phenomena ultimately require interpretive explanations. This article concludes with a brief constitutional-institutionalist research agenda.
Characterising the cave bear Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller by ZooMS: a review of peptide mass fingerprinting markers
Authors: GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ Ana , PINTO-LLONA Ana Cristina , MAROTO Julià , TORRES Trinidad , GRANDAL-D'ANGLADE Aurora
Published: February 2023

In the last decade, the identification of bone fragments by peptide mass fingerprinting or zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry is developing as a powerful tool in Quaternary palaeontology. The sequence of amino acids that make up the bone collagen molecule shows slight variations between taxa, which can be studied by mass spectrometry for taxonomic purposes. This requires reference databases that allow peptide identification. Although the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794) is a common component in many European Pleistocene cave sites, no peptide fingerprint taxonomic study has paid special attention to this species up to now. For peptide markers in Ursidae, the most recent proposal is based on collagen obtained from a modern brown bear sample. In this work we attempt to cover this gap by studying bone collagen of cave and brown bear samples from different origins and different chronology, applying matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF). We also performed an in-silico study of ursid bone collagen sequences published in databases. In our results we detected some discrepancies between the peptides obtained from both in silico and MALDI TOF analysis of fossil collagen and those published in the literature, in which we conclude that there are some misidentified peptides. The identification of skeletal remains by means of their peptide fingerprint is proving to be a powerful tool in palaeontology, which will bear greater fruit once the limitations of a technique that is in its initial stages have been overcome.
A compact dual-band dual-linearly polarized waveguide slot array antenna with groove at waveguide bottom
Authors: Gao Jun , Li Tianpeng , Wang Hai , Lei Xue , Wang Kexin
Published: February 2023

A dual-band dual-linearly polarized waveguide slot array antenna is proposed in this paper. Two orthogonal slots share a short-circuit wall on broad side. The horizontal and vertical slots, which actualize dual-frequency bands and dual-linear polarization, generate vertically polarized electric fields in 9.39–9.78 GHz and horizontally polarized electric fields in 11.62–12.3 GHz, respectively. The equivalent permittivity of the waveguide is changed by two grooves at the bottom of the waveguide, which improves phase velocity. Two grooves can also reduce the distance between the elements while suppressing the side lobes. Compared to filling the medium in the waveguide, two grooves have less losses. Moreover, the antenna is simple with one input port. The array antenna also overcomes the problems of beam scanning compared with the traditional waveguide slot array antenna. A 1 × 8 antenna array is fabricated and measured to verify the design. The horizontal polarization is formed in 9.39–9.78 GHz, the vertical polarization is generated in 11.62–12.3 GHz, and the antenna gain can reach 15 dBi.
BayesTICS: Local temporal image correlation spectroscopy and Bayesian simulation technique for sparse estimation of diffusion in fluorescence imaging
Authors: Caranfil Anca , Le Cunff Yann , Kervrann Charles
Published: February 2023

The dynamics and fusion of vesicles during the last steps of exocytosis are not well established yet in cell biology. An open issue is the characterization of the diffusion process at the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has been successfully used to analyze the coordination of proteins involved in this mechanism. It enables to capture dynamics of proteins with high frame rate and reasonable signal-to-noise values. Nevertheless, methodological approaches that can analyze and estimate diffusion in local small areas at the scale of a single diffusing spot within cells, are still lacking. To address this issue, we propose a novel correlation-based method for local diffusion estimation. As a starting point, we consider Fick’s second law of diffusion that relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. Then, we derive an explicit parametric model which is further fitted to time-correlation signals computed from regions of interest (ROI) containing individual spots. Our modeling and Bayesian estimation framework are well appropriate to represent isolated diffusion events and are robust to noise, ROI sizes, and localization of spots in ROIs. The performance of BayesTICS is shown on both synthetic and real TIRFM images depicting Transferrin Receptor proteins.
Kognitive Aktivierung in Befragungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Rieser Svenja , Decristan Jasmin
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Kognitive Aktivierung gilt als Unterrichtsqualitätsmerkmal, mithilfe dessen spezifische Handlungen und Aufgabenstellungen der Lehrkraft bei den Schülerinnen und Schülern vertiefte Lernprozesse anregen sollen. Die empirischen Befunde zum Zusammenhang zwischen der kognitiven Aktivierung und der Lernleistung sind jedoch bislang nicht eindeutig. Sowohl theoretisch als auch in Befragungen von Lernenden lassen sich zwei Facetten der kognitiven Aktivierung herausarbeiten: Das Potential zur kognitiven Aktivierung kann als Klassenmerkmal aufgefasst werden und beschreibt vor allem beobachtbares Lehrkraftverhalten. Die individuelle kognitive Aktivierung befasst sich hingegen mit dem Erleben des Unterrichts durch die Lernenden und kann somit als individuelles Merkmal verstanden werden. Bisher werden in Befragungen Items zu beiden Facetten eingesetzt, ohne systematisch dazwischen zu unterscheiden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht anhand der Daten aus IGLU 2016 die Bedeutung der Konzeptualisierung und Operationalisierung beider Facetten von kognitiver Aktivierung in Schülerinnen- und Schülerbefragungen für die Prädiktion von fachlichen Leistungen. Mit den Angaben der 3797 Kinder aus 192 vierten Klassen zeigt sich mittels Mehrebenen-CFA, dass sich Items beider Operationalisierungen zwei faktoriell trennbaren Skalen zuordnen lassen. Zudem lassen sich für beide Konstrukte unterschiedliche Zusammenhänge mit der Leseleistung identifizieren. Während das Potential zur kognitiven Aktivierung auf Klassenebene positiv mit der Leseleistung zusammenhängt, findet sich für die individuelle kognitive Aktivierung nur auf Individualebene ein negativer Zusammenhang mit der Leseleistung. Zusammengenommen unterstützen die Ergebnisse die Ausführungen dazu, dass es sich bei dem Potential zur kognitiven Aktivierung und der individuellen kognitiven Aktivierung um zwei konzeptionell unterschiedliche Konstrukte handelt, welche in zukünftigen Arbeiten deutlicher voneinander abgegrenzt werden sollten. Außerdem liefern sie einen Baustein für die Erklärung der nicht eindeutigen Befunde zum Zusammenhang zwischen kognitiver Aktivierung und Lernleistung. Insbesondere Items zur erlebten kognitiven Herausforderung sollten bei Befragungen von Grundschulkindern detaillierter betrachtet und kritisch hinterfragt werden.
Earlier Ecological Drought Detection by Involving the Interaction of Phenology and Eco‐Physiological Function
Authors: Chang Qing , Ficklin Darren L. , Jiao Wenzhe , Denham Sander O. , Wood Jeffrey D. , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Matamala Roser , Cook David R. , Wang Lixin , Novick Kimberly A.
Published: February 2023

Meteorological drought indices like the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) are frequently used to diagnose “ecological drought,” despite the fact that they were not explicitly designed for this purpose. More recently developed indices like the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), which is based on the degree of coupling between actual to potential evapotranspiration, may better capture dynamic plant response to moisture limitations. However, the skill of these indices at describing plant water stress is rarely evaluated at sub‐seasonal timescales over which drought evolves. Moreover, it remains unclear how variability in phenological timing impacts and complicates early drought detection. Here, we compared the ability of ESI and SPEI to reflect the dynamics of ecological drought in forests and grasslands, based on anomalies of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), surface conductance (Gs, a proxy for stomatal conductance), soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit. ESI performed better than SPEI in capturing the dynamics of GPP and Gs, but still missed early ecological drought signals due to biases linked to earlier onset of spring leaf development. Thus, we developed a modified variant of the ESI () that accounts for the complicating effects of phenological shifts in leaf area index (LAI). The detected drought onset up to 7–10 weeks earlier than SPEI and ESI. Additionally, drought onset dates determined from are close to (±2 weeks) the dates determined from LAI‐corrected anomalies of Gs, and GPP, as well as the onset dates of soil water deficit and atmospheric aridity.
Characteristics of Isolated and Storm‐Time Ion Injections
Authors: He Zhaohai , Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Chen Tao , Duan Suping , Roth Ilan
Published: February 2023

The characteristics of isolated and storm‐time injections are important in the understanding of storm‐substorm relationship. The injection region, flux ratio and energy‐flux spectra have been investigated to find the differences and similarities for isolated and storm‐time injections. A scanning procedure automatically identifies a total of 94 isolated injections and 229 storm‐time injections with the LANL data in 2000 and 2001. A significant difference has been found in longitudinal distribution for isolated and storm‐time injections which have wider injection regions than the former. Based on the trends of characteristic energies and number density from spectra analysis, two types of isolated injections have been found. Type I injections are characterized by characteristic energies increasing with the increase of number density, while Type II has an opposite trend. Further statistical surveys suggest that the flux ratios before and after injections have opposite trends in Type I and II injections. Storm‐time injection is very similar to the Type II injection in characteristic energies‐number density trend and features of flux ratio variations. Our results provide injection regions, flux ratios and spectral features, which may improve our understanding of the isolated and storm‐time injections and their relationship.
Effects of Albedo on the MIR Emissivity Spectra of Silicates for Lunar Comparison
Authors: Shirley K. A. , Glotch T. D. , Donaldson O. , Trelewicz J. , Yang Y. , Zhang H.
Published: February 2023

We used laboratory analysis to investigate the effect of mineral albedo, as defined at 750 nm, on the midinfrared emissivity spectra of silicates under lunar environment conditions. Optical darkening has long been recognized as an effect of space weathering on the visible‐to‐near‐infrared spectra of the Moon. However, space weathering has not been as thoroughly investigated in the mid‐infrared. Because mid‐infrared spectra are strongly influenced by the anisothermality of the lunar surface environment, it is likely that any darkening effects of space weathering would also change the thermal gradient in heavily space weathered lunar regolith. To isolate this variable, we added nanophase carbon to particulate samples of forsterite, augite, and anorthite to achieve a range of albedo samples and measured their midinfrared spectra under lunar environment conditions within the Planetary and Asteroid Regolith Spectroscopy Environment Chamber at Stony Brook University. We observe a shift in the Christiansen Feature maximum to longer wavelengths and decreasing spectral contrast with decreasing albedo. These shifts are well correlated with the observation of space weathering effects on the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment compositional data, and point to the need for further investigation into the effects of space weathering on the midinfrared spectra of airless bodies.
Large Ensemble Particle Filter for Spatial Climate Reconstructions Using a Linear Inverse Model
Authors: Jebri B. , Khodri M.
Published: February 2023

Proxy records that document the last 2000 years of climate provide evidence for the wide range of the natural climate variability from inter‐annual to secular timescales not captured by the short window of recent direct observations. Assessing climate models ability to reproduce such natural variations is crucial to understand climate sensitivity and impacts of future climate change. Paleoclimate data assimilation (PDA) offers a powerful way to extend the short instrumental period by optimally combining the physics described by General Circulation Climate Models (GCMs) with information from available proxy records while taking into account their uncertainties. Here we present a new PDA approach based on a sequential importance resampling (SIR) Particle filter (PF) that uses Linear Inverse Modeling (LIM) as an emulator of several CMIP‐class GCMs. We examine in a perfect‐model framework the skill of the various LIMs to forecast the dynamics of the surface temperatures and provide spatial field reconstructions over the last millennium in a SIR PF. Our results show that the LIMs allow for skillful ensemble forecasts at 1‐year lead‐time based on GCMs dynamical knowledge with best prediction in the tropics and the North Atlantic. The PDA further provides a set of physically consistent spatial fields allowing robust uncertainty quantification related to climate models biases and proxy spatial sampling. Our results indicate that the LIM yields dynamical memory improving climate variability reconstructions and support the use of the LIM as a GCM‐emulator in real reconstruction to propagate large ensembles of particles at low cost in SIR PF.
An infrared photothermoelectric detector enabled by MXene and PEDOT:PSS composite for noncontact fingertip tracking
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Xie Zhemiao , Lu Guanxuan , Liu Jiayu Alexander , Yeow John T. W.
Published: February 2023

Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors functioning on the infrared spectrum show much potential for use in many fields, such as energy harvesting, nondestructive monitoring, and imaging fields. Recent advances in low-dimensional and semiconductor materials research have facilitated new opportunities for PTE detectors to be applied in material and structural design. However, these materials applied in PTE detectors face some challenges, such as unstable properties, high infrared reflection, and miniaturization issues. Herein, we report our fabrication of scalable bias-free PTE detectors based on Ti3C2and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites and characterization of their composite morphology and broadband photoresponse. We also discuss various PTE engineering strategies, including substrate choices, electrode types, deposition methods, and vacuum conditions. Furthermore, we simulate metamaterials using different materials and hole sizes and fabricated a gold metamaterial with a bottom-up configuration by simultaneously combining MXene and polymer, which achieved an infrared photoresponse enhancement. Finally, we demonstrate a fingertip gesture response using the metamaterial-integrated PTE detector. This research proposes numerous implications of MXene and its related composites for wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as the continuous biomedical tracking of human health conditions.
The effect of sex and laterality on the phenotype of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Ferrara Mariantonia , Song Anna , Al-Zubaidy Mohaimen , Avery Peter , Laidlaw D. Alistair , Williamson Tom H. , Yorston David , Steel David H. W. ,   BEAVRS Retinal Detachment Outcomes Group, Babar Atiq , Balaggan Kamaljit Singh , Casswell Anthony G. , Chandra Aman , Charles Stephen , Cochrane Timothy , Crama Niels , Di Simplicio Cherubini Sandro , Ellabban Abdallah A. , Ellis John , van Etten Peter , Figueroa Marta S. , Goldsmith Craig , Hillier Roxane J. , Hughes Edward , Ivanova Tsveta , Jalil Assad , Jenkins Huw , Khan Ashraf , Le Mer Yannick , Meireles Angelina , Morris Andrew H. C. , Newsom Richard , Papastavrou Vasileios T. , Park Jonathan C. , Ramkissoon Yashin D. , Sanchez-Chicharro Diego , Sheard Richard , Smith Jonathan , Cornish Kurt Spiteri , Steel David H. W. , Tanner Vaughan , Vayalambrone Deepak , Winder Stephen , Yorston David
Published: February 2023

Background

To assess the effect of sex and laterality on clinical features of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Method

This study is a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected. We extracted data from two online datasets over a 7-year period of patients older than 16 years who had undergone surgery for primary RRD. Data on baseline characteristics were analyzed to compare males versus females, and right versus left eyes.

Results

Of 8133 eyes analyzed, 4342 (53.4%) were right. The overall male predominance (63.7%) was more marked in the age range 50–69 years. Men were more commonly pseudophakic and presented more frequently with baseline posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Female sex was significantly associated with baseline myopia, retinal holes as causative retinal break, and isolated inferior RD. Men had more frequent foveal involvement, greater RRD extent, greater numbers and larger sized retinal tears including dialysis and giant retinal tears. Regarding laterality, foveal involvement, larger retinal breaks, isolated temporal RD and temporal retinal breaks were more common in right eyes, whereas left eyes were more myopic at baseline and presented more frequently with isolated nasal RD and nasal retinal breaks.

Conclusions

This study confirmed the predominance of male sex and right laterality in RRD. Sex and laterality were associated with multiple presenting features of RRD including extent, break distribution, number, size and type, as well as RD distribution.
Analysis of acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer from the AURA3 trial
Authors: Chmielecki Juliann , Mok Tony , Wu Yi-Long , Han Ji-Youn , Ahn Myung-Ju , Ramalingam Suresh S. , John Thomas , Okamoto Isamu , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Shepherd Frances A. , Bulusu Krishna C. , Laus Gianluca , Collins Barbara , Barrett J. Carl , Hartmaier Ryan J. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki
Published: February 2023

Osimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), potently and selectively inhibits EGFR-TKI-sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. This analysis evaluates acquired resistance mechanisms to second-line osimertinib (n = 78) in patients with EGFR T790M advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from AURA3 (NCT02151981), a randomized phase 3 study comparing osimertinib with chemotherapy. Plasma samples collected at baseline and disease progression/treatment discontinuation are analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Half (50%) of patients have undetectable plasma EGFR T790M at disease progression and/or treatment discontinuation. Fifteen patients (19%) have >1 resistance-related genomic alteration; MET amplification (14/78, 18%) and EGFR C797X mutation (14/78, 18%).
Structure and mechanism of a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic TRAP transporter
Authors: Davies James S. , Currie Michael J. , North Rachel A. , Scalise Mariafrancesca , Wright Joshua D. , Copping Jack M. , Remus Daniela M. , Gulati Ashutosh , Morado Dustin R. , Jamieson Sam A. , Newton-Vesty Michael C. , Abeysekera Gayan S. , Ramaswamy Subramanian , Friemann Rosmarie , Wakatsuki Soichi , Allison Jane R. , Indiveri Cesare , Drew David , Mace Peter D. , Dobson Renwick C. J.
Published: February 2023

In bacteria and archaea, tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters uptake essential nutrients. TRAP transporters receive their substrates via a secreted soluble substrate-binding protein. How a sodium ion-driven secondary active transporter is strictly coupled to a substrate-binding protein is poorly understood. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the sialic acid TRAP transporter SiaQM from Photobacterium profundum at 2.97 Å resolution. SiaM comprises a “transport” domain and a “scaffold” domain, with the transport domain consisting of helical hairpins as seen in the sodium ion-coupled elevator transporter VcINDY. The SiaQ protein forms intimate contacts with SiaM to extend the size of the scaffold domain, suggesting that TRAP transporters may operate as monomers, rather than the typically observed oligomers for elevator-type transporters. We identify the Na+ and sialic acid binding sites in SiaM and demonstrate a strict dependence on the substrate-binding protein SiaP for uptake. We report the SiaP crystal structure that, together with docking studies, suggest the molecular basis for how sialic acid is delivered to the SiaQM transporter complex. We thus propose a model for substrate transport by TRAP proteins, which we describe herein as an ‘elevator-with-an-operator’ mechanism.
Polyamide membranes with nanoscale ordered structures for fast permeation and highly selective ion-ion separation
Authors: Zhao Changwei , Zhang Yanjun , Jia Yuewen , Li Bojun , Tang Wenjing , Shang Chuning , Mo Rui , Li Pei , Liu Shaomin , Zhang Sui
Published: February 2023

Fast permeation and effective solute-solute separation provide the opportunities for sustainable water treatment, but they are hindered by ineffective membranes. We present here the construction of a nanofiltration membrane with fast permeation, high rejection, and precise Cl-/SO42- separation by spatial and temporal control of interfacial polymerization via graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The g-C3N4 nanosheet binds preferentially with piperazine and tiles the water-hexane interface as revealed by molecular dynamics studies, thus lowering the diffusion rate of PIP by one order of magnitude and restricting its diffusion pathways towards the hexane phase. As a result, membranes with nanoscale ordered hollow structure are created. Transport mechanism across the structure is clarified using computational fluid dynamics simulation. Increased surface area, lower thickness, and a hollow ordered structure are identified as the key contributors to the water permeance of 105 L m2·h−1·bar−1 with a Na2SO4 rejection of 99.4% and a Cl-/SO42- selectivity of 130, which is superior to state-of-the-art NF membranes. Our approach for tuning the membrane microstructure enables the development of ultra-permeability and excellent selectivity for ion-ion separation, water purification, desalination, and organics removal.
Long-term intensive endurance exercise training is associated to reduced markers of cellular senescence in the colon mucosa of older adults
Authors: Demaria Marco , Bertozzi Beatrice , Veronese Nicola , Spelta Francesco , Cava Edda , Tosti Valeria , Piccio Laura , Early Dayna S. , Fontana Luigi
Published: February 2023

Regular endurance exercise training is an effective intervention for the maintenance of metabolic health and the prevention of many age-associated chronic diseases. Several metabolic and inflammatory factors are involved in the health-promoting effects of exercise training, but regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cellular senescence—a state of irreversible growth arrest—is considered a basic mechanism of aging. Senescent cells accumulate over time and promote a variety of age-related pathologies from neurodegenerative disorders to cancer. Whether long-term intensive exercise training affect the accumulation of age-associated cellular senescence is still unclear. Here, we show that the classical senescence markers p16 and IL-6 were markedly higher in the colon mucosa of middle-aged and older overweight adults than in young sedentary individuals, but this upregulation was significantly blunted in age-matched endurance runners. Interestingly, we observe a linear correlation between the level of p16 and the triglycerides to HDL ratio, a marker of colon adenoma risk and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Our data suggest that chronic high-volume high-intensity endurance exercise can play a role in preventing the accumulation of senescent cells in cancer-prone tissues like colon mucosa with age. Future studies are warranted to elucidate if other tissues are also affected, and what are the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the senopreventative effects of different forms of exercise training.
Increasing sequential tropical cyclone hazards along the US East and Gulf coasts
Authors: Xi Dazhi , Lin Ning , Gori Avantika
Published: February 2023

Two tropical cyclones (TCs) that make landfall close together can induce sequential hazards to coastal areas. Here we investigate the change in sequential TC hazards in the historical and future projected climates. We find that the chance of sequential TC hazards has been increasing over the past several decades at many US locations. Under the high (moderate) emission scenario, the chance of hazards from two TCs impacting the same location within 15 days may substantially increase, with the return period decreasing over the century from 10–92 years to ~1–2 (1–3) years along the US East and Gulf coasts, due to sea-level rise and storm climatology change. Climate change can also cause unprecedented compounding of extreme hazards at the regional level. A Katrina-like TC and a Harvey-like TC impacting the United States within 15 days of each other, which is non-existent in the control simulation for over 1,000 years, is projected to have an annual occurrence probability of more than 1% by the end of the century under the high emission scenario.
scPrisma infers, filters and enhances topological signals in single-cell data using spectral template matching
Authors: Karin Jonathan , Bornfeld Yonathan , Nitzan Mor
Published: February 2023

Single-cell RNA sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering cellular spatiotemporal context. This task is challenging as cells simultaneously encode multiple, potentially cross-interfering, biological signals. Here we propose scPrisma, a spectral computational method that uses topological priors to decouple, enhance and filter different classes of biological processes in single-cell data, such as periodic and linear signals. We apply scPrisma to the analysis of the cell cycle in HeLa cells, circadian rhythm and spatial zonation in liver lobules, diurnal cycle in Chlamydomonas and circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. scPrisma can be used to distinguish mixed cellular populations by specific characteristics such as cell type and uncover regulatory networks and cell–cell interactions specific to predefined biological signals, such as the circadian rhythm. We show scPrisma’s flexibility in incorporating prior knowledge, inference of topologically informative genes and generalization to additional diverse templates and systems. scPrisma can be used as a stand-alone workflow for signal analysis and as a prior step for downstream single-cell analysis.