bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Katharina Schütz Zell, Idelette de Bure, and Reformed Women’s Views and Experience of Marriage
Authors: McKee Elsie
Published: July 2017

The Protestant movement had a significantly positive effect on early modern understandings of marriage, and women of the Reformed tradition participated actively in these changes.  Protestants rejected celibacy as a good work to earn God’s favor and elevated marriage as an ideal for Christians, including for clergy.  One way that Reformed women expressed their faith was by marrying priests, thus acting on their conviction of Biblical authority (e.g., 1 Tim. 3) over canon law which prohibited clerical marriage.  Former nuns, citizens of good reputation, married reformers as expressions of faith.  A second way that Reformed women contributed to the new ideal of marriage was by the ways that they managed their households, making these models of hospitality and partnership in following Christ.  A number of Reformed women chose exile for their faith and their Protestant husbands.  A few, like Katharina Schütz Zell, were articulate in defending their decision to marry priests and their calling to serve as “church mothers.”  Some Reformed women, like Anne Askew, demonstrated their loyalty to their faith by rejecting marriage when it came to a choice between their faith and their marriages – or their lives.O movimento protestante teve um efeito significativamente positivo nos começos da compreensão moderna sobre o casamento, e as mulheres da tradição reformada participaram ativamente nestas mudanças. Os protestantes rejeitaram o celibato como boa obra para alcançar o favor de Deus e consideraram o casamento como um ideal para os cristãos, inclusive para o clero. Uma maneira que as mulheres reformadas expressaram a sua fé foi casando-se com sacerdotes, agindo desta forma a partir de suas convicções sobre autoridade bíblica (por exemplo, 1 Tm 3) em oposição à lei canônica que proibia o casamento clerical. Antigas freiras, cidadãs de boa reputação, casaram-se com os reformadores como expressões de fé. Uma segunda maneira que as mulheres reformadas contribuíram para o novo ideal de casamento foi pela maneira como administravam suas famílias, tornando-as modelos de hospitalidade e parceria no seguimento de Cristo. Algumas mulheres reformadas escolheram o exílio por causa de sua fé e seus maridos protestantes. Outras, como Katharina Schütz Zell, defenderam a decisão de se casarem com os sacerdotes e seu chamado para servir como “mães da igreja”. Outras ainda, como Anne Askew, demonstraram lealdade à sua fé ao rejeitar o casamento quando se tratava de uma escolha entre a fé e o casamento - ou suas vidas.
Dr. Dibya Kishor Singh, Former Professor of Geography, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
Authors: Routray Jayant
Published: July 2017

This is an Obituary
Relação 18:3n3/18:2n6 sobre a digestibilidade de ácidos graxos em pacu
Authors: SEGURA Julio Guerra , CAMPANHARO João Carlos , DE OLIVEIRA Kátia Rodrigues Batista , NATORI Mariene Miyoko , DE MEDEIROS Adja Cristina Lira , VIEGAS Elisabete Maria Macedo
Published: July 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o efeito de dietas com relações 18:3n3/18:2n6 de: 2,98; 1,68; 1,03; 0,61 e 0,35 (tratamentos 1 a 5 respectivamente) sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos ácidos graxos em dietas vegetais para juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Dezoito grupos de 16 peixes cada um foram alimentados por 34 dias com dieta controle contendo óleo de tilápia como único ingrediente de origem animal (tratamento 6). Numa segunda fase, durante 72 dias, cada dieta foi fornecida a três grupos aleatórios e, finalmente, determinados os CDAs dos ácidos graxos. A dieta controle resultou em maiores CDAs de ácidos graxos saturados (97,3%) e monoinsaturados (98,24%), e o tratamento 1, em maiores CDAs de poli-insaturados (99,25%) e 18:3n3 (99,83%). O CDA de 18:3n3 variou de forma decrescente, de acordo com a variação da relação 18:3n3/18:2n6 e foi sempre superior ao CDA do 18:2n6, apesar da ação não especí­­fica das lipases. Conclui-se que o CDA dos ácidos graxos, ou de grupos deles, aumenta com a elevação do grau de insaturação do ácido e da concentração deste na dieta e que a fluidez do óleo afeta o CDA de 18:3n3 - ALA e não o de 18:2n6 - LA, quando estes são os únicos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados do alimento.
Foreign Language Anxiety in Academic Writing
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti
Published: July 2017

Accomplishing an assignment in academic writing course is not as easy as pie because there are many aspects that students need to follow to have an English writing with a good quality. Particularly, this study is aimed to investigate Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in academic writing specifically to EFL students at university level. The factors that cause the students feel anxious in English writing represent on close-ended questionnaires that the researcher asks the students to answer. In addition, the researcher does direct observation by acting as a passive observer where she has no role in conducting or helping the lecturer in teaching the writing course. In this case, what the researcher does is finding an appropriate spot in classroom in order to have a clear description regarding with ongoing process of teaching and learning of writing course of English Department students at Widya Gama Mahakam University, Samarinda, Indonesia. As a result, data analyzed by using Likert Scale indicate that High Anxiety (HA) appears to be the highest level in students’ anxiety with nine out of sixteen anxiety statements. In addition, Moderate Anxiety (MA) is also showed on the result with six out of sixteen anxiety statements. Furthermore, although Low Anxiety (LA) appears in only one out of sixteen statements, it is correlated to other facts i.e. the apprehension of working with English writing assignment under time constraint, lack of self-confidence because of inadequate capability in English language proficiency such as structural rules in English as well as an ability to relate and compare theories among experts to support their writing. Further implication for better research and lecture of English writing course in the future is also pointed out in this study.
Gyermekek a reneszánszban
Authors: Aggné Pirka Veronika
Published: July 2017

Endrődy-Nagy Orsolya (2015): A reneszánsz gyermekképe: A gyermekkép reneszánsza 1455–1517 között Európában – Ikonográfiai elemzés. Takács Etel Pedagógiai Alapítvány. Budapest.
Kyd and Shakespeare: Authorship versus Influence
Authors: Freebury-Jones Darren
Published: July 2017

This article explores Shakespeare’s verbal indebtedness to works that have been attributed to Thomas Kyd, encompassing plays such as Soliman and Perseda, King Leir, and Arden of Faversham. Significantly, Martin Mueller has created an electronic corpus called Shakespeare His Contemporaries, which consists of over 500 plays dated between 1552 and 1662. Shakespeare His Contemporaries lists play pairs that share large numbers of dislegomena consisting of four words or more, and therefore provides empirical data that can help researchers to explore the intertextual relationships between early modern texts. This article investigates the nature of these parallels, drawing upon the idea of Shakespeare’s aural, or ‘actor’s memory’, and concludes that in order to distinguish between authorship and influence in contested texts like Arden of Faversham, more work needs to be done to ascertain the patterns of influence in Shakespeare’s plays.
Staging Henry Fielding: The Author-Narrator in Tom Jones On Screen
Authors: Løfaldli Eli
Published: July 2017

As recent adaptation theory has shown, classic-novel adaptation typically sets issues connected to authorship and literal and figurative ownership into play. This key feature of such adaptations is also central to the screen versions of Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749). In much of Fielding’s fiction, the narrator, typically understood as an embodiment of Fielding himself, is a particularly prominent presence. The author-narrator in Tom Jones is no exception: not only is his presence strongly felt throughout the novel, but through a variety of means, ‘The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling’ is also distinctly marked as being under his control and ownership. The two adaptations of Fielding’s novel, a 1963 film and a 1997 television series, both retain the figure of the author-narrator, but differ greatly in their handling of this device and its consequent thematic ramifications. Although the 1963 film de-emphasises Henry Fielding’s status as proprietor of the story, the author-narrator as represented in the film’s voiceover commentary is a figure of authority and authorial control. In contrast, the 1997 adaptation emphasises Fielding’s ownership of the narrative and even includes the author-narrator as a character in the series, but this ownership is undermined by the irreverent treatment to which he is consistently subjected. The representations of Henry Fielding in the form of the author-narrator in both adaptations are not only indicative of shifting conceptions of authorship, but also of the important interplay between authorship, ownership and adaptation more generally.
Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of AKI in Children: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Greenberg Jason H. , Parikh Chirag R.
Published: July 2017

Pediatric AKI has become a significant health concern due to its rising incidence and association with adverse outcomes. Because of the limitations of serum creatinine, ongoing research has evaluated multiple novel biomarkers for the early detection of AKI. Identifying biomarkers that precede changes in serum creatinine is vital, because these biomarkers provide opportunities to improve outcomes through early diagnosis and timely disease management. In this review, we discuss salient findings on 16 candidate biomarkers and their association with AKI. We explore the differences in biomarker distribution by age and discuss why adult biomarker research findings cannot be directly extrapolated to children. With future research, more consideration needs to be given to how the maturing kidney affects biomarker levels and how we interpret biomarker performance in children. A comprehensive approach using age-specific biomarker reference ranges is required to develop pediatric biomarkers and improve outcomes for children with kidney disease.
SPACE CLOSURE IN BIALVEOLAR DENTAL PROTRUSION CASES - A COMPARATIVE COMBINATION METHOD
Authors: N Chaitanya , Am Arshad , Krk Praveen , C Prashant , Bailwad Sandeep , P Navin , O Balaji , C Yogesh , K Saurab
Published: July 2017

Objective: To measure and compare the amount, rate and anchor loss after the en masse retraction of all anteriors with titanium mini-implant anchorage and conventional molar anchorage.Methods: This comparative clinical study sample comprised 12 patients (10 females, 2 males; mean age between 16 and 22 years). The implants were placed in the maxillary and mandibular arches. Preretraction and post retraction lateral cephalograms were taken for measuring the amount, rate and anchor loss after the retraction.Results: Mean en masse retraction amounts, the rate of movement per month, and horizontal and vertical anchor loss at the maxillary implant site were 4.79 mm, 0.58 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm, respectively. In the mandible, on implant sides were 4.66 mm, 0.56 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm. Mean en masse retraction amounts, the rate of movement per month, and horizontal and vertical anchor loss at the maxillary conventional molar anchor side were 4.08 mm, 0.49 mm, 2.91 mm, and 1.66 mm. In the mandible, on conventional anchor sides were 3.54 mm, 0.48 mm, 3.12 mm, and 1.95 mm.Conclusion: En masse retraction had a faster rate of space closure with mini-implants as anchor units than the conventional molar anchorage preparation.
DEVELOPMENT OF FAST-DISSOLVING TABLETS OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNOLOGY USING POLOXAMER 407 AND POLOXAMER 188
Authors: V Manimaran , N Damodharan
Published: July 2017

Objective: Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension which is practically insoluble in water. The present study aims to design oral fast-release tablets of amlodipine besylate and to optimize the dissolution of the drug by altering the carrier concentration.Materials and Methods: Poloxamer 407 (P407) and poloxamer 188 (P188) were selected as carriers for the preparation of solid dispersion (SD) by the solvent evaporation method with different drug-polymer ratios. The prepared SDs were evaluated for the physical state, drug:carrier interactions by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy.Results: From the dissolution studies, it is confirmed that all SDs showed increased dissolution rate when compared to pure amlodipine besylate. Among the two polymers used, P407 was found to be better than P188 in enhancing dissolution efficiency. The tablets were prepared using SD of amlodipine besylate containing P407 as a carrier. The results showed that P407 SD-based tablets gave a significantly higher release of amlodipine besylate when compared with control tablets. The infrared spectral studies showed that there was no significant interaction between amlodipine besylate and its formulation with different polymers used in the preparation of SDs. XRD studies revealed that the degree of crystallinity of amlodipine besylate reduced when the concentration of carriers increased, which reveals that the drug is in amorphous nature.Conclusion: The combination of SD technology and using superdisintegrants in the formulation is a promising approach for preparing efficient, fast-dissolving tablet of poorly water-soluble drugs, viz., amlodipine besylate.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ANNONA SPECIES: A REVIEW
Authors: P Amudha , Varadharaj Vanitha
Published: July 2017

Herbal plants and phytogenic products have used for the treatment of various diseases from ancient times in the folklore medicine worldwide. Crude extracts from plants now play an important and valuable source for natural products that are used in the advancement of medicines against various diseases, for the improvement of pharmaceutical preparations and for novel bioscience research. One such plant genus is Annona, such as Annona muricata, Annona cherimola, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa, and Annona senegalensis are some species widely cultivating in India and tropical regions of Asia for their edible fruits and medicinal values. These plants have been used for centuries as traditional folk medicine for the treatments of various diseases. The plants are considered to be a good source of vitamins, minerals, plant proteins, fibers, etc., as well as the plant is supposed to have many biological activities. This review describes the morphology and ecology of the plant, its ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacological activities, and phytoconstituents.
EFFECT OF CURCUMA LONGA EXTRACT ON BIOFILM FORMATION BY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
Authors: G Gokul , Rv Geetha
Published: July 2017

Objective: To find the effect of Curcuma longa extract on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans.Methods: The organism S. mutans was isolated from saliva sample using special media (Mutans - sanguis agar) and maintained in tryptone soya agar at 4°C in Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals.Results: From the study, we infer that 78.35% of inhibition of the biofilm formation is seen with 100 ug of curcumin extract. From the result, it is evident that curcumin has a very good inhibitory effect on S. mutans growth.Conclusion: The study concludes the inhibitory action of curcumin on S. mutans by preventing biofilm formation.
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF PUNICA GRANATUM IN RATS
Authors: Khan Bushra Hasan , Ahmad Farida , Ahmad Jameel , Yunus Syed Mobashir
Published: July 2017

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of the root (REE) of Punica granatum.Methods: This study was conducted on adult albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g. Animals were divided into five groups (n=5). Liver injury was produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1 ml/kg dissolved in olive oil (1:1) given intraperitoneally on day 1 and day 4 of the study duration of 14 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg/d) orally was used as standard drug. Test groups received an REE of P. granatum (REE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally along with CCl4. On the 15th day, all animals were sacrificed, and blood was collected. Liver was sent for histopathological examination. The hepatoprotective effect of REE was evaluated by assessment of physical parameters, histopathological examination and biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin.Results: The administration of REE of P. granatum at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally, exhibited a highly significant decrease in the rise of mean serum AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin as compared to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). Histopathological examination of the liver also suggested hepatoprotective effect of REE of P. granatum by restoration of hepatic architecture toward normal. Decrease in the extent of centrilobular necrosis was observed in REE (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) treated rats when compared to CCl4 treated group.Conclusion: This study demonstrated hepatoprotective activity of REE of P. granatum against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats.
PRODUCTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT FROM FUNGI ISOLATED FROM PHARMACEUTICAL SOIL SAMPLE BY FERMENTATION UNDER OPTIMIZED CONDITIONS
Authors: Bhardwaj Anupama , Chaman Sonia , Verma Sangeeta
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study aimed to isolate fungi having antibacterial activity from pharmaceutical site soil sample and production of antibacterial agents by solid and submerged state fermentation under optimized conditions. Antibacterial activity of laboratory isolated and produced antibacterial agent was compared with other commercialized antibiotics to check the efficiency of laboratory produced antibacterial agent. Methods: For isolation and characterization of fungal isolates American Public Health Association standard was followed. Antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion and agar disc diffusion method. Results: On the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics six fungal isolates belongs to four different genus species, i.e., Aspergillus sp. (F1, F2, F3), Penicillium sp. (F4), Rhizopus sp. (F5), and Fusarium sp. (F6), and they were tested against six bacterial isolates, i.e., Streptococcus sp. (B1), Bacillus sp. (B2), Staphylococcus sp. (B3), Bacillus sp. (B4), Bacillus sp. (B5), and Enterococcus sp. (B6). Except B4 all bacterial isolates growth were inhibited by fungal isolates. Under optimized conditions maximum zone of inhibition, i.e., 78 mm against B1 and B5 shown by F1 and F6 at 2% and 1% glucose concentration, respectively, at 10 pH. When comparison was made between commercialized antibiotics and lab produced antibacterial agents, it was observed lab produced antibacterial agent was more efficient in terms of zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Lab isolated and produced antibacterial agents were more efficient than commercialized antibiotics. This study demonstrated that lab isolated antibacterial agents isolated from six fungal isolates seems to be a stable and potent antibacterial and can be used as alternative to expensive commercialized antibiotics.
RESEARCH OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS OF THE PLANTS AND THE CALLUS BIOMASS
Authors: Konechna Roksolana , Khropot Оksana , Petrina Romana , Kurka Maria , Gubriy Zoriana , Novikov Volodymyr
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study was undertaken to research of antioxidant properties of extracts of the plants and the callus biomass.Methods: The implementation of the method of cultivating the cells, tissues, and organisms in vitro for the reception of biological material of Carlina аcaulis L. (Asteraceae) is a timely issue for the medical and pharmaceutic industry, as the domestication in vitro creates the opportunity for the year-round production of the plant material as the source of biologically active substances. The seeds and plant materials (roots) of C. acaulis L. collected from natural habitat - meadows mountains Klyva Tarnychkovain Ukraine in the Carpathians. The influence of phytohormones on growth processes of plant cells is researched; the optimal conditions for the cultivation of C. acaulis L. are defined and chosen. Biomass extract is obtained and researched for the presence of biologically active substances and conducted definition of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of extracts of medical herbs and callus biomass of C. acaulis L.Results: C. аcaulis L. was cultivated in vitro. There was set up a scheme of sterilization of seeds with the biggest outcome of aseptic explants. There took place the investigation of the qualitative content of the extracts of callus biomass of C. acaulis L. and the detection of flavonoids and tannins. Conducted definition of ORAC of extracts of medical herbs and callus biomass of C. acaulis L. Conclusion: The obtained data showed that the investigated extracts of callus biomass and biomass of the medical herb C. acaulis L. having antioxidant activity, which makes it possible to continue research in this direction.
EVALUATION OF IN VIVO ANTICANCER AND IMMUNOSTIMULATORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS OF MIMOSA PUDICA LINN. (FABACEAE)
Authors: Dasgupta Debaprotim , Dash Suvakanta
Published: July 2017

Objective: To investigate the in vivo anticancer and immunostimulatory activity of dichloromethane (DCM) extract of flowers of Mimosa pudica and its isolated compound 11β hydroxy-3 methoxy 1,2 dehydro crinane.Methods: The anticancer activity was performed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line in Swiss albino mice. The activity was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological, and histopathological parameters of EAC-bearing animals. The immunostimulatory activity was performed through carbon clearance, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), neutrophil adhesion and humoral antibody (HA) titer methods.Results: At the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day p.o for the extracts and 2.5 mg/kg/day p.o. for the isolated compound, significantly decrease the tumor volume (3.46±0.135 ml, 2.25±0.153 ml, and 1.84±0.012), increased the life span (59.32%, 76.39%, and 82.43%) and significantly (p<0.05) decreased tumor weight as compared with control. Hematological profiles were found to be nearly normal level in extract treated mice compared with tumor bearing control mice. The immunostimulatory activity was also found to be effective in the above dosage regimen. The results revealed that animals treated with above doses show a significant increase in the rate of carbon clearance from blood, increase in HA titer value, increase in neutrophil adhesion and significant (p<0.05) increase in mean paw edema in DTH reactions in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the extract is possessing dose-dependent anticancer activity and immunostimulatory activity attributed to the presence of crinane alkaloid.
RADIATION THERAPY-INDUCED SUBACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: G Rupam , O Balaji , Rt Sereen , Patil Navin
Published: July 2017

Radiation therapy is an important treatment modality for malignancies of the cervix, uterus, prostate, bladder, testes, and rectum. The incidence of clinically significant radiation-related complications is about 5-20%. Radiation insult to gastrointestinal tract includes damage to the small bowel, colon, and rectum. Predisposing risk factors such as previous surgery, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperbaric oxygen increases the severity of damage as well as the use of other chemotherapeutic agents increases the sensitivity to radiation. Radiation-induced injury can be acute or chronic depending on the mitotic activity of intestinal tissue. Radiation enteritis is usually managed conservatively at the start, but surgery is indicated when complications arise. Hereby, we report a case of subacute intestinal obstruction after 3 weeks of radiotherapy.
ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GERANIOL EMPLOYING VARIOUS IN-VITRO MODELS: RELEVANCE TO NEURODEGENERATION IN DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Prasad Sathya N , Muralidhara Murali
Published: July 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze antioxidant effect of geraniol (GE) in different in vitro models.Methods: Initially, the antioxidant activity of GE was assessed by diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The modulatory effect of GE against 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain regions (cortex and cerebellum) and sciatic nerve (SN) homogenates was determined. Further, the effect of GE was assessed against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress (OS) in SHSY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line.Results: GE proved to be a good scavenger of DPPH free radical (inhibitory concentration 50% [IC50] value = 663 nmol) and could lower the lipid peroxidation levels in rat brain tissue and SN homogenates (25-40%). Further, it rescue the SHSY5Y cells from hyperglycemia-induced death. Co-exposure of GE with the IC50 level of glucose (100 mM) lowered the levels of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxides and 3-nitrotyrosine levels with concomitant elevation in the glutathione levels (about two folds).Conclusion: Collectively from these findings and other studies previously conducted (from our lab and others) emphasize the potential benefit of GE against OS, a progressive pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders.
An intriguing cause of Chronic diarrhea – Protein Losing Enteropathy as the presenting manifestation of SLE
Authors: Satish Satish , M Hariharan , Patil Navin , Rao Karthik , Ommurugan Balaji , Nayak B Satish
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease.  It presents with myriad of clinical manifestations affecting every other organ system in human body. The gastrointestinal system is one of the commonest affected and it involves any part of the GI tract with incidences ranging from 1.3% to 27.5%. Gastrointestinal manifestations as a presenting feature of SLE is unusual. Chronic diarrhea due to protein losing enteropathy as the presenting manifestation of SLE is very rare and a diagnosis of SLE should be kept in mind when other systemic manifestations are absent. Hence, we report a 29-year-old female with chronic diarrhea as the main manifestation of SLE.
STRESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS - A GLOBAL CONCERN
Authors: Haque Mainul
Published: July 2017

Stress is any exasperating and infuriating "emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes" [1]. At many occasions stress can be useful at times, bring into being a boost that offers the drive and energy to help individuals get through situations like exams or work deadlines. Nevertheless, a life-threatening amount of stress can have health concerns and negatively upset the immune, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and central nervous systems [2].
Funebria incaica en el cerro Esmeralda (Iquique, I región)
Authors: Checura Jorge
Published: July 2017

Durante la construcción de un camino al este de Iquique, a 905 m.snm, en la cordillera costera de los Andes, en el cerro denominado Esmeralda, se encontró un entierro de dos personas. El Museo de Iquique dio cuenta que el hallazgo es de suma importancia, y podría tener significado sobre la evidencia de los incas en la zona que es relativamente poco conocida. En este artículo informamos sobre el ajuar que ha sido encontrado en este entierro.
Tambo incaico Catarpe Este (informe de avance)
Authors: Lynch Thomas
Published: July 2017

A través de un convenio entre la Universidad de Cornell y la Universidad del Norte, se llevó a efecto entre el 1º de noviembre y el 7 de diciembre de 1976, junto a un grupo de alumnos de dichas universidades y bajo la dirección del autor de este informe, el trabajo de campo en el sitio conocido en la literatura como Catarpe. Aquí detallamos ese trabajo.
The effect of service delivery in public ‘community service centres’: A case of an emerging economy
Authors: Ngobese Ndabazinhle , Mason Roger B , Maharaj Mandusha
Published: July 2017

This study investigated public perceptions of the service delivery provided by the Community Service Centres (CSC) of the South African Police Service (SAPS) Durban, South Africa. The study focuses on measuring service quality and service delivery. SERVQUAL was used to compare clients’ perceptions against expectations of service quality. Four hundred respondents were surveyed at three community service centres (previously known as ‘police stations’), with expectations and perceptions being assessed via the dimensions of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.
The results indicate that in all five dimensions there is a significant negative quality gap, implying that the quality of service received is below what is expected by clients. Improvements are required in all five dimensions if service delivery is to be improved. Actions needed to improve service quality include regular assessment and monitoring of clients’ experiences, as well as employees’ behaviour.
Simplified Design of PM Machine for Spacecraft Electro-Mechanical Batteries
Authors: B. Abdi  , J. Milimonfared  , J. S. Moghani
Published: July 2017

Electromechanical Batteries have important
advantages comparing to chemical batteries and using them is
popularized specially in Low Earth Orbit satellites recently.
External rotor Permanent Magnet machines are used in these
systems as Motor/Generator. Simplified parametric design
method is given for PM machine design in this paper. Finite
element based simulations are used to confirm design presses and
show less than 7% error in parametric design that is acceptable
for simple primary design.
Modelling and Simulation of a Wind Energy System with Fractional Controllers
Authors: R. Melício  , V.M.F. Mendes  , J.P.S. Catalão
Published: July 2017

This paper is on wind energy conversion systems
with full-power converter and permanent magnet synchronous
generator. Different topologies for the power-electronic
converters are considered, namely two-level and multilevel
converters. Also, a new fractional-order control strategy is
proposed for the variable-speed operation of the wind turbines.
Simulation studies are carried out in order to adequately assess
the quality of the energy injected into the electrical grid.
Conclusions are duly drawn.
Design Requirements for a Dynamic Series Compensator for Voltage Sags Mitigation in Low Voltage Distribution System
Authors: Rosli Omar  , N.A Rahim  , Marizan Sulaiman
Published: July 2017

:Power quality issues have become an
increasing concern due to an increase of sensitive loads in
distribution system. A dynamic series compensator or Dynamic
Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a custom device that can be used to
protect sensitive loads from various power quality problems from
disturbed incoming supply. The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)
has become popular as a cost effective solution for the protection
of sensitive loads from voltage sags. This paper highlights a series
of discussion, analysis and studies performed on the active power
injection requirements for a DVR under various system and load
conditions, as well as for different types of fault in both single
phase and three-phase fault. The analysis and experimental results
validate the effectiveness of the DVR for mitigation voltage sag in
low voltage distribution system.
Historiography of Science
Authors: Condé Mauro L. , Salomon Marlon
Published: July 2017

From the Editors
Was Pierre Duhem an Esprit de finesse?
Authors: Hernández Víctor Manuel
Published: July 2017

Although Pierre Duhem is well known for his conventionalist outlook and, in particular, for his critique of crucial experiments outlined in his thesis on the empirical indeterminacy of theory, he also contributed to the scholarship on the psychological profiles of scientists by revising Pascal’s famous distinction between the subtle mind and the geometric mind (esprits fins and esprits géométriques). For Duhem, the ideal scientist is the one who combines the defining qualities of both types of intellect. As a physicist, Duhem made important theoretical contributions to the field of thermodynamics as well as to the then-nascent physical chemistry. Due to his rejection of atomism and his unrelenting critique of Maxwell’s electrodynamics, however, in his later years, Duhem’s work was surpassed and abandoned by the dominant tendencies of physics of the time. In this essay, I will discuss whether Duhem himself can be understood through the lens of his own account of the scientist’s psychological profile. More specifically, I examine whether the subtle mind – to which he seems to assign greater cognitive value – in fact plays a key role in Duhem’s critique of the English School (école anglaise), or if his preference for the axiomatic structure of theoretical physics shows a greater affinity with the geometric mind.
When Historiography Met Epistemology
Authors: Stoffel Jean-François
Published: July 2017

Review of Bordoni, Stefano. When historiography met epistemology: Sophisticated histories and philosophies of science in French-speaking countries in the second half of the nineteenth centuryReviewed by Jean-François Stoffel
Result Prediction Using K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm For Student Performance Improvement
Authors: Muralidharan Vijay , M. Pravien , Balaji Janani
Published: July 2017

Abstract—The examination results have become an integral part of every student’s life. The educational institution’s ranking is greatly influenced by the university results. This paper mainly focuses on the prediction of a student’s university result by making use of different attributes. These attributes might be of quantitative and qualitative type. The quantitative attributes used are Internal Assessments, Attendance percentage, Number of On-Duties taken and Overall Assignments completed. The qualitative attributes include Subject feedback, Faculty feedback, and whether the student is a Day Scholar/Hosteller. Here, we make use of k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (or k-NN for short) against the historical data of students for more accurate prediction of results. In this method all the attributes considered are converted to the same scale. This algorithm makes use of the Euclidean distance formula which is used to find the nearest record. This algorithm predicts better results which help students maximize their academic output.
Cloud Forensics : Isolating Cloud Instance
Authors: AlKandari Mariam J. , Al Rasheedi Huda F. , Salman Ayed A.
Published: July 2017

Abstract—Cloud computing has been the trending model for storing, accessing and modifying the data over the Internet in the recent years. Rising use of the cloud has generated a new concept related to the cloud which is cloud forensics. Cloud forensics can be defined as investigating for evidence over the cloud, so it can be viewed as a combination of both cloud computing and digital forensics. Many issues of applying forensics in the cloud have been addressed. Isolating the location of the incident has become an essential part of forensic process. This is done to ensure that evidence will not be modified or changed.  Isolating an instant in the cloud computing has become even more challenging, due to the nature of the cloud environment. In the cloud, the same storage or virtual machine have been used by many users. Hence, the evidence is most likely will be overwritten and lost. The proposed solution in this paper is to isolate a cloud instance. This can be achieved by marking the instant that reside in the servers as "Under Investigation". To do so, cloud file system must be studied. One of the well-known file systems used in the cloud is Apache Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Thus, in this paper the methodology used for isolating a cloud instance would be based on the HDFS architecture.

Keywords: cloud computing; digital forensics; cloud forensics
“«Granas e lanas»: memoria de los orígenes en Bernal”
Authors: Cortínez Verónica
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 10 de noviembre de 2008.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de febrero de 2009. A partir de un examen histórico y filológico de un pasaje de la Historia verdaderade la conquista de la Nueva España, de Bernal Díaz del Castillo, mepropongo demostrar la sorprendente modernidad del conquistador-colonizadoren su valoración del trabajo. Expongo la hipótesis de que la imagende la sociedad colonial se explica por la memoria de una Castilla floreciente,basada en la fabricación de la lana, tal como Bernal la había vivido en laMedina del Campo de su juventud.
“En torno al Neptuno alegórico de sor Juana”
Authors: Alatorre Antonio
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 22 de enero de 2010.Fecha de aceptación: 2 de febrero de 2010. Crítica de la edición del Neptuno por la editorial Cátedra (2009). La introducción,por Electa Arenal, abunda en exageraciones y falsedades. En cambio,el texto, a cargo de Vicent Martin, es valioso, con algunas salvedades. SorJuana cita en su obra a 60 autores antiguos, lo cual le dio fama de erudita;de hecho, toda esta erudición procede de tres o cuatro libros de consulta,en especial el Teatro de los dioses de la gentilidad de Baltasar de Victoria. Lasaclaraciones de Martin son muy pertinentes; lo malo es que a veces alterasin razón el texto de sor Juana, se le escapan algunas erratas y a veces hacecomentarios que merecen rectificarse. De todos modos, gracias a él quedapreparado el terreno para una edición impecable.
Azucena Palacios (coord.), El español en América. Contacto lingüístico en Hispanoamérica. Ariel Letras, Barcelona, 2008; 319 pp.
Authors: Torres Sánchez Nadiezdha
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro:El español en América. Contacto lingüístico en Hispanoamérica.
Celestina. An annotated edition of the first Dutch translation (Antwerp,1550).Ed de Lieve Behiels y Kathleen V. Kish. Leuven University Press, Leuven, 2005 (Avisos de Flandes, Fuentes,1) Pornoboscodidascalus Latinus (1624). Kaspar Barth´s Neo-latin translation of Celestina. A critical ed. with introd., trs. and notes by Enrique Fernández.University of North Carolina Press at Chapel Hill, Valencia, 2006 (North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures, 284).
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: July 2017

Se reseña los libros:Celestina. An annotated edition of the first Dutch translation (Antwerp, 1550)Pornoboscodidascalus Latinus (1624). Kaspar Barth´s Neo-latin translation of Celestina.
Juan Manuel Cacho Blecua (coord.), De la literatura caballeresca al “Quijote”. Prensas Universitarias, Zaragoza, 2007; 420 pp. (Humanidades, 61).
Authors: Amatto Alejandra
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro: De la literatura caballeresca al“Quijote”.
Jesús Rubio Jiménez, Valle-Inclán, caricaturista moderno. Nueva lectura de “Luces de Bohemia”. Fundamentos, Madrid, 2006.
Authors: Swansey Bruce
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro:Valle-Inclán, caricaturista moderno.
Algunos aspectos de la cuantificación de grado (con especial atención a la llamada "Cuantificación de grado verbal ")
Authors: Muñoz Núñez M. Dolores
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 26 de junio de 2009.Fecha de aceptación: 7 de mayo de 2010.En este artículo se hace, en primer lugar, un recorrido historiográfico por los estudios que se han dedicado a la cuantificación de grado. En este sentido, planteamos la posibilidad de distinguir entre grado e intensidad, sobre todo, y el análisis de la relación entre la cuantificación de grado y la aspectualidad (Aktionsart) de ciertas unidades léxicas. En una segunda parte de este artículo nos centramos en la idea de que, si bien la cuantificación de grado es aceptada por distintas unidades léxicas, no incide de la misma manera en todas ellas, sobre todo cuando el cuantificador de grado acompaña a un verbo.
Rebeca Barriga Villanueva y Pedro Martín Butragueño (dirs.), Historia sociolingüística de México. T. 1: México prehispánico y colonial. El Colegio de México, México, 2010; 694 pp.
Authors: Hernández de León-Portilla Ascensión
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro: Historia sociolingüística de México T. 1: México prehispánico y colonial.
Huellas de la Antigüedad en la "Hernandia", de Francisco Ruiz de León
Authors: Alganza Roldán Minerva
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 13 de octubre de 2010.Fecha de aceptación: 6 de agosto de 2011. Un panorama histórico-literario y crítico sobre el autor y la obra introduce este estudio de la tradición clásica en la Hernandia. A continuación, se examinan la presencia, carácter y función de los temas grecolatinos en relación con la teoría poética, el concepto de heroísmo, los factores históricos,la visión sobre los mexicanos, las descripciones de paisajes, la datación mítica del tiempo y las escenas de género. El tratamiento de estos tópicos,con independencia de su carácter convencional, apunta no sólo a las fuentes literarias del poema, sino también a una valoración ideológico-religiosa de la Antigüedad.
En torno a "Lírica personal", de sor Juana
Authors: Tenorio Trillo Martha Lilia
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 14 de diciembre de 2010.Fecha de aceptación: 1 de septiembre de 2011. La autora de esta nota hace una lectura del tomo dedicado a la lírica de sorJuana (Lírica personal, ed. Antonio Alatorre, F.C.E., México, 2009). De acuerdo con ella, a nadie más que Antonio Alatorre podía el Fondo de Cultura Económica encomendar la tarea de reeditar la lírica de sor Juana. Alatorre compartió con Méndez Plancarte (el otro gran sorjuanista) el vastísimo conocimiento de la poesía hispánica de todos los tiempos, de la literatura clásica, de métrica e, incluso, la formación religiosa, pero, a diferencia del zamorano, nuestro filólogo fue un espíritu libre, con una mente no apta para el prejuicio, sino para el juicio, abierta a lo que la lectura le deparara. Además, tuvo la fortuna de atestiguar importantes descubrimientos, sobre todo la Carta al padre Núñez, precioso testimonio de la independencia intelectualy espiritual de sor Juana.
“Ficción y verdad según la teoría literaria de Alfonso Reyes”
Authors: Malavé González Mercedes
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 9 de septiembre de 2011.Fecha de aceptación: 1 de marzo de 2012.En su Deslinde. Prolegómenos para una teoría literaria, Alfonso Reyes describe la relación entre el ente metafísico y la ficción poética como clave para comprender la dimensión ética de la ficción. En su discurso queda claro que la noción de mímesis no se reduce a cánones de imitación formal del logos, o realidad, y que la creación artística consiste en un dia-logos que puede dar lugar a formas inexistentes pero que no son ajenas al ser. Reyes armonizalas concepciones poéticas de Aristóteles y de Platón al intentar definir la relación entre verdad y ficción.
“La alternancia de las preposiciones en/a en verbos de movimiento que denotan penetración en el español de México”
Authors: Eslava Heredia Cristina
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 29 de agosto de 2011.Fecha de aceptación: 18 de septiembre de 2012. En este trabajo se analiza la alternancia de las preposiciones en/ajunto a verbos de movimiento que denotan penetración, como entrar e ingresar, en la norma mexicana. Según los datos, la alternancia de a por en parece ser resultado de un proceso cognitivo en el cual, al no conceptualizar un “locativo-contenedor”, no es posible perfilar el“cruce del límite”; de ahí que sólo se perfile el movimiento de la accióny se escoja la preposición directiva a. Por otra parte, encontramosq ue la elección de a activa otras interpretaciones en que se involucran mecanismos metonímicos de forma preponderante.
Everardo Mendoza Guerrero, El habla de Culiacán. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa-Instituto Municipal de Cultura de Culiacán, Culiacán, 2011.
Authors: Serrano Julio César
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro:El habla de Culiacán.
La Revista SIAP como mecanismo para la consolidación del saber experto en América Latina.
Authors: Monti Alejandra Inés
Published: July 2017

En el año 1966 la Sociedad Interamericana de Planificación (SIAP) inicia su programa editorial denominado Ediciones SIAP. La Revista SIAP se constituye como uno de los ejes del mismo, convirtiéndose en el órgano de difusión de la sociedad. Esta condición permite pensar a la revista como el espacio de afirmación del monopolio experto sobre el discurso de la planificación regional y urbana, en un momento particular del giro teórico que paulatinamente va abandonando el discurso desarrollista por el dependentista. Centrar la indagación en el primer período de la revista (1967-1970) permite analizar los intentos por estabilizar y delimitar el marco teórico-metodológico de la planificación y el rol de los expertos en el marco de los procesos de transformación de la disciplina en la región.
Política y ciudad bajo el reformismo urbano
Authors: Caceres Gonzalo Andres
Published: July 2017

El artículo analiza de manera retrospectiva una experiencia de reformismo urbano. Lejos de entenderlo como “política congelada”, en el texto se estudia un ambicioso programa de intervenciones citadinas ubicadas en el cruce entre racionalidad técnica y social-cristianismo. Con base en Santiago de Chile, el argumento sostiene que la capital adquirió una importancia estratégica  e institucional  para los tecnócratas del gobierno reformista. Reforzar la capitalidad fue un objetivo no declarado, pero substancial para un ramillete de instituciones que incluían a urbanistas racionalistas con entrenamiento local e internacional. Para ejecutar la transformación, los arquitectos-urbanistas contaron con atribuciones, recursos e imperio suficiente a la hora de intervenir secciones clave de Santiago e imprimirle, a cada obra, un sello modernista. Completamente explícito fue el intento por desafiar la segregación residencial.  El intento, frustrado y exitoso simultáneamente, es interpretado a partir de un caso local.
Gontor as the Learning Contemporary Islamic Institution Transformation Toward the Modernity
Authors: Fasa Muhammad Iqbal
Published: July 2017

Darussalam gontor modern islamic boarding school is one that is very instrumental in indonesia education coloring even southeast asia. the whole potential and capability to realize the mission of shed. There are five philosophical education of darussalam gontor modern islamic institution: the vision; the missions; the mottoes; the five spirits; and the long-term plan. This research attempts to offer darussalam gontor modern islamic institution transformation toward the modernity includes several things, first, based on total quality control second, based on cadre recruitment; third, based on teaching 24 hours