bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Online-SPE/SEC/LCMS Method for the Detection of N-Nitrosamine Disinfection Byproducts in Wastewater Plant Tailwater
Authors: Tang Huili , Li Ziru , Chen Hanqing , Xu Yang , Jiang Xu , Du Erdeng , Lyu Zhen , Zheng Lu , Peng Mingguo
Published: August 2022

N-nitrosamines have recently attracted attention as a class of disinfection byproducts and are also a hot spot in environmental studies. Current N-nitrosamine analytical methods typically involve manual solid phase extraction (SPE) of samples followed by quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), which is time-consuming and may also fail to eliminate complex matrix effects. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a technique that can separate compounds according to their molecular size. For the first time, this study developed an Online-SPE/SEC/LCMS quantitative analysis method to detect and analyze nine common N-nitrosamine disinfection byproducts in wastewater plant tailwater, including N-dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), etc. The samples of 1.0 mL can be directly injected after the simple 0.22 μm membrane filtration. This method reports the combination of SPE, SEC, and RP C18 columns to achieve several functions in a processing time of 20 min, including online enrichment, desalination, and matrix separation for the first time. The method provides good linearity (R2 > 0.999), recoveries ranging from 91.67% to 105.88%, relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 4.17%, and the limits of detection (LOD) are 0.12–6.60 ng/L. This method alleviates tedious human labor and can effectively overcome the matrix effect (ME < 20%). This method allows for the accurate quantitative analysis of N-nitrosamines with high compatibility in wastewater plant tailwater, rivers, and lakes with a high background matrix. Interested researchers can also use this method as a reference in the online analysis of other specific pollutants after necessary optimization. It can also be utilized for non-targeted screening and targeted analysis of contaminants in water with a wide range of applications, giving valuable information for environmental monitoring.
Water Purification from Heavy Metals Due to Electric Field Ion Drift
Authors: Bartzis Vasileios , Ninos Georgios , Sarris Ioannis E.
Published: August 2022

A water purification method using a static electric field that may drift the dissolved ions of heavy metals is proposed here. The electric field force drifts the positively charged metal ions of continuously flowing contaminated water to one sidewall, where the negative electrode is placed, leaving most of the area of the duct purified. The steady-state ion distributions, as well as the time evolution in the linear regime, are studied analytically and ion concentration distributions for various electric field magnitudes and widths of the duct are reported. The method performs well with a duct width less than 10−3 m and an electrode potential of 0.26 V or more. Moreover, a significant reduction of more than 90% in heavy metals concentration is accomplished in less than a second at a low cost.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Water Footprint with Input-Output Paradigm: A Case Study of China
Authors: Hu Runzhi , Li Ruiqi , Han Siqi , Li Lin , Yin Tuo , Li Yunkai , Chen Xiuzhi
Published: August 2022

The evaluation and quantification of water consumption based on water footprint (WF) is important for sustainable utilization of water resources and is becoming one of the key bases for formulating water resources management policies. However, there are few systematic assessments of both temporal changes and spatial patterns of WF in China, and the driving of water footprint intensity (WFI) is rarely reported. Based on the research background, this paper takes China, the world’s largest developing country, as an example to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of WF through the input–output model. The total WF in China increased by 11.76% from 2002 to 2017. National WFI decreased from 550 m³/104 yuan (2002) to 152 m³/104 yuan (2017). The regions found to have the highest WF in China include Shandong, Henan, and Hebei, and regions with higher WFI are distributed in East China. From 2002 to 2017, the total WF of each province in China changed significantly. Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces’ total WF decreased markedly during the study period. The results show that the grain output per capita and GDP per capita have a significant driving effect on WFI. By adjusting the agricultural structure and improving the comprehensive ability of scientific and technological innovation, it is possible to reduce the WFI in China.
Investigation of Annual Lake Water Levels and Water Volumes with Şen Innovation and Mann-Kendall Rank Correlation Trend Tests: Example of Lake Eğirdir, Turkey
Authors: Yücel Ali , Markovic Monika , Atilgan Atilgan , Rolbiecki Roman , Ertop Hasan , Jagosz Barbara , Ptach Wiesław , Łangowski Ariel , Jakubowski Tomasz
Published: August 2022

Lakes are the most important freshwater resources for humans. It is stated that together with population growth, unplanned urbanization, excessive water consumption, industrialization, and unconscious irrigation, global climate change causes changes in the water levels and volumes of lakes. Lake Eğirdir in Turkey, which is important in terms of drinking and irrigation water use, was chosen as the study area. Lake Eğirdir water level (LWL) and water volume (LWV) values measured between 1988–2019 were used. Dependencies in the annual LWL and LWV were examined by autocorrelation analysis, and trend changes were examined by regression analysis, the Mann-Kendall rank correlation test, and the Şen innovation trend test. The research has shown a significant decrease since 2000 in LWL and since 1990 in LWV. The LWL has decreased by −1.272 to −3.514 m and the LWV has decreased by −72.980 to −1082.134 hm3 in approximately 32 years. The actions to be taken based on the values determined in this study will help protect the water resources of lakes. As a result of the tests used in our study, it was determined that there were decreases in both the water level and the volume of the lake. The climatic changes in the lake basin and the decrease in the water resources feeding the lake are shown as the biggest factor in these reductions.
Concerning Dynamic Effects in Pipe Systems with Two-Phase Flows: Pressure Surges, Cavitation, and Ventilation
Authors: Ramos Helena M. , Fuertes-Miquel Vicente S. , Tasca Elias , Coronado-Hernández Oscar E. , Besharat Mohsen , Zhou Ling , Karney Bryan
Published: August 2022

The risks associated with unsteady two-phase flows in pressurized pipe systems must be considered both in system design and operation. To this end, this paper summarizes experimental tests and numerical analyses that highlight key aspects of unsteady two-phase flows in water pipelines. The essential dynamics of air–water interactions in unvented lines are first considered, followed by a summary of how system dynamics change when air venting is provided. System behaviour during unsteady two-phase flows is shown to be counter-intuitive, surprising, and complex. The role of air valves as protection devices is considered as is the reasonableness of the usual assumptions regarding air valve behaviour. The paper then numerically clarifies the relevance of cavitation and air valve performance to both the predicted air exchanges through any installed air valves and their role in modifying system behaviour during unsteady flows.
Developing a Decision Support System for Regional Agricultural Nonpoint Salinity Pollution Management: Application to the San Joaquin River, California
Authors: Dinar Ariel , Quinn Nigel W. T.
Published: August 2022

Environmental problems and production losses associated with irrigated agriculture, such as salinity, degradation of receiving waters, such as rivers, and deep percolation of saline water to aquifers, highlight water-quality concerns that require a paradigm shift in resource-management policy. New tools are needed to assist environmental managers in developing sustainable solutions to these problems, given the nonpoint source nature of salt loads to surface water and groundwater from irrigated agriculture. Equity issues arise in distributing responsibility and costs to the generators of this source of pollution. This paper describes an alternative approach to salt regulation and control using the concept of “Real-Time Water Quality management”. The approach relies on a continually updateable WARMF (Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework) forecasting model to provide daily estimates of salt load assimilative capacity in the San Joaquin River and assessments of compliance with salinity concentration objectives at key monitoring sites on the river. The results of the study showed that the policy combination of well-crafted river salinity objectives by the regulator and the application of an easy-to use and maintain decision support tool by stakeholders have succeeded in minimizing water quality (salinity) exceedances over a 20-year study period.
Resource Utilization of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): A Review
Authors: Yuan Jiaqiao , Ding Zhan , Bi Yunxiao , Li Jie , Wen Shuming , Bai Shaojun
Published: August 2022

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a typical type of pollution originating from complex oxidation interactions that occur under ambient conditions in abandoned and active mines. AMD has high acidity and contains a high concentration of heavy metals and metalloids, posing a serious threat to ecological systems and human health. Over the years, great progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of AMD. Remediation approaches like chemical neutralization precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation processes, and bioremediation have been extensively reported. Nevertheless, some limitations, such as low efficacy, excessive consumption of chemical reagents, and secondary contamination restrict the application of these technologies. The aim of this review was to provide updated information on the sustainable treatments that have been engaged in the published literature on the resource utilization of AMD. The recovery and reuse of valuable resources (e.g., clean water, sulfuric acid, and metal ions) from AMD can offset the cost of AMD remediation. Iron oxide particles recovered from AMD can be applied as adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewater and for the fabrication of effective catalysts for heterogeneous Fenton reactions. The application of AMD in beneficiation fields, such as activating pyrite and chalcopyrite flotation, regulating pulp pH, and leaching copper-bearing waste rock, provides easy access to the innovative utilization of AMD. A review such as this will help researchers understand the progress in research, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of each treatment technology, which can help shape the direction of future research in this area.
Laboratory Study on Flow Characteristics during Solitary Waves Interacting with a Suspended Horizontal Plate
Authors: Niu Xuyang , Ma Yuxiang , Dong Guohai
Published: August 2022

A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the 2–D kinematic field evolution around a suspended plate induced by solitary waves. The plate–type structure was rigid and suspended above the mean water level, while the solitary waves were generated by the wave maker to simulate the nearshore tsunami waves. The ratio of incident wave height to water depth was in the range of [0.200, 0.333], and the structural suspended height was in the range of [0.067, 0.200]. The velocity field around the deck was measured using the non–intrusive image–based PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method. As a result, the flow evolution was categorized into three phases: green water tongue generated, green water overtopping, and flow separation. Flow evolutions in different conditions presented obvious similarities in general but several differences in detail. The measured maximum horizontal and vertical velocities were around 1.9 C0 and 0.8 C0, respectively, where C0 is the maximum flow speed of the incident wave. Ritter’s analytical solution for the dam–break flow problem was examined and compared with the measured data. The accuracy of this solution for the present subject is significant in the period of T ∈ (0.6, 0.9). The adequate experimental data are valuable as a benchmark problem for further numerical model refinement and the improvement of fluid theory.
Bioremediation of Raw Landfill Leachate Using Galdieria sulphuraria: An Algal-Based System for Landfill Leachate Treatment
Authors: Selvaratnam Thinesh , Pan Shanglei , Rahman Ashiqur , Tan Melissa , Kharel Hari Lal , Agrawal Saumya , Nawaz Tabish
Published: August 2022

This study aims to evaluate the potential of using a thermophilic acidophilic red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria for effective on-site treatment of municipal landfill leachate (LL). This study focused on evaluating the effects of LL dilution, nitrogen loading, and initial algal biomass density on the overall treatment efficiency, and evaluated the long-term performance of the system using 5-day growth cycles. This study confirmed that optimal conditions for G. sulphuraria biomass production are 20% strength LL, a lower initial biomass concentration of 0.25 g L−1, and the addition of N at twice the level of initial media. Furthermore, the results indicated G. sulphuraria’s ability to grow in elevated NH4-N concentration (>950 mg L−1) and provide nitrogen removal rates of up to 40 mg L−1 d−1. In addition, the long-term running experiment showed that the proposed algal-based system could be applied in semi-continuous mode to achieve bioremediation. Overall, the results obtained from this study can be used to develop the necessary process parameters to implement large-scale algal-based systems for landfill leachate treatment.
Research on the Trajectory Tracking of Adaptive Second-Order Sliding Mode Control Based on Super-Twisting
Authors: Bei Shaoyi , Hu Hongzhen , Li Bo , Tian Jing , Tang Haoran , Quan Zhenqiang , Zhu Yunhai
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the trajectory tracking problem in the actuation control section of autonomous vehicles. Based on a two-degrees-of-freedom dynamics model, this paper combines adaptive preview control with a second-order sliding mode control method to develop a new control method. By designing an objective function based on lateral deviations, road boundaries, and the corresponding characteristics of the overall vehicle motion, the method adaptively adjusts the preview time to obtain the ideal yaw rate and then uses a second-order sliding mode control algorithm named Super-Twisting to calculate the steering wheel angle. Combining the low-pass filter with this controller can effectively suppress the chattering caused by the switching of the sliding mode plane while proposing a concept of smoothing based on gradient derivative, the smoothness after filtering is one-seventeenth of that before filtering, whereas the phase plane is used to prove its effectiveness and stability, it can be seen from the phase diagrams that all the state points are in the stable region. A joint simulation model of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim was built to verify the control effectiveness of the controller under the double-shift road, and the simulation results show that the designed controller has good control effect and high tracking accuracy. Meanwhile, the simulation model is also used for other simulations, firstly, simulation comparison tests were carried out with the Model Predictive Control algorithm at speeds of 36 and 54 km/h, compared to the MPC controller, the tacking accuracy of the ST controller has improved to 64.42% and 51.02% at 36 and 54 km/h; secondly, taking simulation of the designed controller against a conventional sliding mode controller based on isokinetic law of convergence, compared to the CSMC controller, the tracking accuracy of the ST controller has improved 41.78% at 54 km/h, and the smoothness of the ST controller is one-nineteenth of that of the CSMC controller; thirdly, carrying out simulations on parameter uncertainties, and replacing parameter uncertainty with Gaussian white noise, the maximum tracking error at 36 and 54 km/h did not exceed 0.3 m, and tracking remains good. Small fluctuations in the steering wheel angle do not affect the normal actuation of the actuator.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Breastfeeding Outcomes: The Modifying Effects of Healthcare Access and Women’s Attitudes to FGM/C
Authors: Obioha Chinedu U. , Obioha Ogochukwu A. , Martin Maria Pilar
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Nigeria is on the rise, although the practice has no known medical/health benefits. This study aims to assess FGM/C’s effect on breastfeeding outcomes and to identify the role of women’s attitudes and their access to healthcare services on these relationships. Associations between FGM/C and breastfeeding outcomes were measured using multi-logistic regression. About 32% of women underwent FGM/C, and 23% believed FGM/C should continue. Women exposed to FGM/C were less likely to initiate early breastfeeding (OR = 0.56, [95% CI = 0.47–0.66]) or to breastfeed exclusively (0.64, [0.57–0.73]). FGM/C acceptance reduced odds of early initiation of breastfeeding (0.57, [0.45–0.73]) (p for interaction < 0.001) and exclusive breastfeeding (0.65, [0.59–0.78]) (p for interaction < 0.001). Four or more antenatal care visits while pregnant modified the associations between FGM/C and early initiation (1.55, [1.26–1.90) (p for interaction < 0.001) or exclusive breastfeeding (2.01, [1.73–2.330]) (p for interaction < 0.001), respectively. FGM/C is associated with breastfeeding outcomes, but this association may be improved with healthcare access and attitudinal changes towards FGM/C. Targeted public health education interventions raising awareness about FGM/C and breastfeeding and policy changes increasing access to prenatal healthcare services in underserved areas are recommended.
The Triple Mission of the Modern University: Component Interplay and Performance Analysis from Italy
Authors: Taliento Marco
Published: August 2022

We explore the interplay between the three missions of the modern university (teaching, research, and ‘third mission’: education, scientific productivity, and socio-economic interaction with non-academic environments), with a focus on the Italian public university. We execute a path analysis compliant with the isomorphic ‘one-size-fits-all’ university management framework, revisited under a stakeholder approach in light of students’ needs and expectations. We investigate the impact of the university’s knowledge-based missions on student outcome: student satisfaction and early job placement (data from nearly 400,000 respondents per year from 2011–2014) epitomizing both educational effectiveness/attractiveness and competitiveness. Although performances do not appear to all be correlated with each other, there is a positive relationship between research and third mission quality, and finally between the socio-economic mission and student satisfaction. This kind of mission-related evaluation can shape the institutional decisions (government policy and funding) and influence management priorities or behavior by revealing the way the quality of academic productivity and knowledge transfer to communities can create value from the point of view of the core stakeholder (university students). Our findings across missions offer a new perspective, while the innovative structural method helps to reconcile the three institutional goals in one big picture.
Territorial Impact and Responses to COVID-19 in South Africa: Case Studies of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and KwaDukuza Local Municipality
Authors: Khambule Isaac
Published: August 2022

Governments played an essential role in mitigating the social, political, health and economic impact and outcomes of COVID-19. Most literature limits the role of the state at the national level by focusing on the pandemic’s impact on economic growth, unemployment, poverty and state responses. This approach neglects the role played by subnational governments in managing the pandemic. In response to this predicament, this article explores the territorial socio-economic impact of COVID-19 and the responses adopted by subnational governments through the case studies of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and KwaDukuza Local Municipality in South Africa. A territorial understanding of the pandemic and responses is important because of the spatial dimensions of the pandemic. Methodologically, the article utilises data from a survey conducted with informal workers in the two municipalities. The article shows the diverging impact and responses from the two municipalities, and how pre-existing socio-economic structures reinforced prevailing challenges. The article argues that a territorial understanding of the pandemic allows governments to adopt targeted interventions to enhance the effectiveness of responses to the different spatial dimensions of the pandemic.
Pathomorphological outcomes in brain metastases cells after radiosurgery during combined treatment (literature review)
Authors:   N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Koval K. V., , Tokarev A. S. ,   N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Evdokimova O. L. ,   N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Kanibolotskiy, A. A. ,   N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Grin A. A. ,   N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2022

The work is devoted to the analysis of world literature for a period of more than 30 years. It reflects the data on the combined treatment of brain metastases and the nature of the occurrence of pathomorphological changes in cells of irradiated intracranial neoplasms (mostly benign or obtained on experimental models, including using electron microscopy). The nature of pathomorphological changes in cells of irradiated brain metastases is not described in world literature. The paucity of literature data indicates the need for a detailed study of the nature of pathomorphological changes in the tissues of irradiated metastases after radiosurgery, which should ultimately improve the quality of care for oncological patients with brain metastases.
A case of endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pletnev R. V. , Cherebillo V. Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Shatilova A. S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bairamova S. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by chronic overproduction of growth hormone and IGF-1. This condition is manifested by a change in appearance, headache, and arthralgia. Systemic complications are diverse and include metabolic, cardiovascular, and osteoarticular complications, as well as a high risk of developing benign and malignant neoplasms. Acromegaly as a symptom complex being part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and type 4 (MEN1 and MEN4) occurs in 10 % of patients. The median age at acromegaly diagnosis in patients with MEN1 is 40 years of age; it is most commonly macroadenomas with invasive growth, mixed hormonal secretion, and poor response to treatment. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in 6.1 % of patients. The article provides a literature review of the main genetically determined diseases manifested in patients with acromegaly. A clinical case of endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is also presented.
Apellidos guaraníes en Paraguay. Una actualización de su vigencia a partir de Mil apellidos guaraníes, de León Cadogan
Authors: Aguilera Jiménez Domingo A.
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta los apellidos guaraníes vigentes en la población paraguaya actual, conforme con la base de datos del Sistema de Identificación Policial de la Policía Nacional paraguaya ,a partir de una comprobación de la lista publicada por León Cadogan en Mil apellidos guaraníes ([1960] 2005). Esta recopilación, contiene en total 1.189 apellidos guaraníes, relevados por el autor en parroquias de las antiguas misiones y pueblos de indios. De esta cantidad, solo 79 (6,6 %) están vigentes hoy, con nacimientos que abarcan no solo Paraguay, sino también Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Chile y España. En total, estos apellidos llevan unas 11.602 personas, nacidas en los últimos 150 años (1869-2019) en el área de extensión. Asunción es la localidad con mayor variedad de apellidos registrados (40 en total), y el departamento de menor cantidad es Boquerón (6 en total). El departamento de Caazapá concentra la mayor cantidad de nacimiento de personas con apellidos guaraníes en toda el área.
Parentesco, territorio y poder en el Nordeste de Patagonia: la trayectoria del linaje del Cacique Negro, 1774-1820
Authors: Davies Lenoble Geraldine
Published: August 2022

Este artículo explora los linajes indígenas del Nordeste de la Patagonia durante las primeras décadas del establecimiento de Carmen de Patagones. El foco en el parentesco permite profundizar las dinámicas de poder internas, visibilizando un radio más amplio de parientes y aliados, y los cambios en la geopolítica indígena en el largo plazo. El trabajo se detiene en el cacique Negro y su descendencia, y evidencia una tensión entre la memoria histórica local que teje una linealidad territorial y patrilineal entre éste y los caciques Llanquitrúz y Saygüeque de mediados del siglo XIX. Aquí se relativiza el poder de Negro y se destaca la expansión de linajes de la Patagonia hacia el norte del río Negro, fenómeno que habría generado una mayor integración trans-regional. Además, se visibiliza la importancia de los vínculos matrilineales en la construcción de poder, y la flexibilidad del parentesco para adaptarse a las coyunturas cambiantes y proyectar nuevos liderazgos.
Preliminares: autoridades, créditos y sumario
Authors: Memoria Americana Comité Editorial.
Published: August 2022

No posee
Arte rupestre en contexto colonial. Análisis preliminares del sitio Alero Estancia Guayascate, norte de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: López Laura , Recalde María Andrea
Published: August 2022

En este trabajo se procura contextualizar el arte rupestre del sitio Alero Estancia Guayascate en la región del norte cordobés, al tiempo que analizar su presencia en el marco de una encomienda colonial. En este sentido, el análisis de la evidencia arqueológica recuperada en el sitio puede revelar aspectos relacionadosa la coyuntura indígena-colonial, en tanto involucra grupos de distintos orígenes étnicos: los residentes propios de Guayascate, las poblaciones introducidas a razón del otorgamiento de la Encomienda y Merced de Tierras y los españoles a cargo de las mismas. La interrupción tanto en el espacio como en el desarrollo de la vida diaria de grupos ajenos a Guayascate pudo implicar una pérdida del sentido original en la ejecución del arte, entendido como marcador de identidad compartida por grupos serranos del norte cordobés, dado que no continuaron las intervenciones en el sitio.
Índice de performance na qualificação das manifestações patológicas em alvenarias de vedação nas edificações – estudo de caso
Authors: De Sousa Patrícia Figuereido , De Lima Júnior Will José , Sá Viviane Regina Costa , Da Silva Karlisson André Nunes
Published: August 2022

A avaliação do desempenho de construções é de suma importância frente a manutenção da funcionalidade e bem-estar dos usuários da edificação. Diante disso, estudos voltados a essa temática tem se destacado ao longo dos anos, embora que, em países em desenvolvimento, a aplicação desses estudos ainda é incipiente, principalmente em obras públicas. Assim, a presente pesquisa traz um estudo de caso da avaliação de manifestações patológicas em paredes de alvenaria de vedação através do emprego da quantificação do índice de performance global. O referido método é voltado para a avaliação e a qualificação das manifestações patológicas mais frequentes em alvenarias de vedação em edificações. Neste trabalho, a edificação em estudo é o prédio principal da sede do Campus do Sertão da Universidade Federal de Alagoas que é uma estrutura que possui mais de 10 anos de construção e funcionamento e está localizada no município de Delmiro Gouveia, alto sertão do estado de Alagoas, região nordeste do Brasil. Durante o estudo, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2018, foram analisadas todas as paredes internas das salas de aula da referida edificação, sendo aplicado o método para as 4 paredes que apresentaram o maior número de manifestações patológicas durante a inspeção visual, o que equivale a 21% de todas as paredes inspecionadas. Os tipos de patologias avaliados para obtenção do índice de performance foram: umidade, manchas, destacamentos e fissuras. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as paredes estudadas apresentam índice de deterioração variando da classe III a IV, o que significa que as manifestações patológicas encontradas não requerem quaisquer limitações de uso, mas que demandam reparos para evitar a evolução das manifestações e maiores gastos com futuras manutenções.
Comparison of the Effects of Injectable Enoxaparin With Oral Rivaroxaban in Deep Vein Thrombotic Prophylaxis in Patients With Femoral Peritrochanteric Fracture: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Mosayeb , Bazavar Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following orthopedic major surgery, such as peritrochanteric femoral fracture, is high. Also, there is a lack of accurate information about the results of using rivaroxaban in Iran. This study aimed to compare the effects of injectable enoxaparin with oral rivaroxaban in DVT prophylaxis in patients with femoral peritrochanteric fracture. Materials and Methods: This randomized single-blind clinical trial included 88 patients with femoral peritrochanteric fracture in Shohada Hospital of Tabriz, Iran from January 2019 to December 2019. The participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n=44 each) receiving enoxaparin (40 mg subcutaneously once daily for 28 days) and rivaroxaban (10 mg orally once daily for 28 days). Using independent t test in SPSS version 20, the results of clinical examinations and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of DVT at the end of intervention were compared between the two groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: No significant differences were observed in laboratory results and DVT-related symptoms between the two groups, as well as before and after the intervention (intragroup). Also, the prevalence of DVT at the end of the study was zero. Conclusions: According to our results, there was no difference in the prevalence of DVT and short-term (one-month) complications between the two groups receiving rivaroxaban and enoxaparin after the peritrochanteric femur fracture.
Validation of the Slade Fear of Childbirth Scale for Pregnancy in a Sample of Iranian Women: A Crosssectional Study
Authors: Sanjari Shahrzad , Amir Fakhraei Azita , Mohammidi Soleimani Mohammad Reza , Alidousti Katayoun
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The existence of a valid scale of fear of childbirth (FOC) has an effective role in identifying women at risk, so this study was conducted to determine the validation of the Slade FOC scale for pregnancy in a sample of Iranian women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, initially, the Slade scale was translated based on a forward-backward approach. For sampling among pregnant women in Anbarabad city, 820 pregnant women were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research questionnaire included (a) demographic information, (b) Slade FOC scale (new scale), (c) childbirth attitude questionnaire (validated scale), and (d) Wijma scale (validated scale). Face validity, content validity, construct validity (using factor analysis), convergent validity, and concurrent validity (by calculating the present scale correlation with childbirth attitude questionnaire and Wijma scale were used to determine the validity of the scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), split-half, and stability (test-retest) methods were used for scale reliability. SPSS software version 22 and LISREL version 8.8 were used for data analysis. Results: Target population comments were applied in face validity, the impact score of face validity was in the range of 1.6-4.5. Content validity ratio (CVR) values (81%-100%) and content validity index (CVI) value (83%) were acceptable. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that the scale had four factors which include uncertainty and injury with 18.39%, the unprofessional behavior of maternity staff with 14.51%, the unpredictable with 14.44%, and negative emotions with 10.54% of the variance. The scale had acceptable convergent validity and the correlation between items and the total score was between 0.41-0.63. The correlation coefficient between the present scale with the childbirth attitude questionnaire and Wijma scale was 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. The reliability result showed an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84), acceptable split-half (0.71 for the first half of scale and 0.78 for the second half of scale) and acceptable stability (r = 0.78). Conclusions: The results showed that the Slade scale has acceptable validity and reliability. Therefore, this scale can be used in scientific research and screening for FOC.
The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ghaffari Shamsi , Forooghifar Shirin , Naghavi Behzad Mohammad , Karzad Nazila , Ghasempour Dabaghi Khazar , Piri Reza , Moradian Maryam , Nasiri Roghaye , Parizad Razieh , Tajlil Arezou
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Despite the importance of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the population, the risk factors predisposing infants to be born with non-syndromic CHD are not well understood yet. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, we recruited consecutive 109 infants with non-syndromic CHD who were referred to our pediatric cardiac care clinic and then compared them with 117 infants without CHD (2015-2016). Paternal, maternal, and neonatal demographic information, maternal past medical history, and antenatal history were recorded for each child. To investigate the potential risk factors for developing CHD, infants with and without CHD were compared in terms of study variables. In a second analysis, preterm infants were excluded and term infants were compared regarding the study variables. Results: The findings revealed that higher maternal and paternal education were both associated with a lower risk of CHD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.93, P=0.031, and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89, P=0.023, respectively). The family history of CHD in the first- or second-degree relatives of infants was significantly associated with CHD (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.35-9.40, P=0.007). Several parameters were more prevalent in the CHD group, including having lower birth weight, having preterm birth, being the fourth birth order or higher, and not receiving maternity care under the supervision of a gynecologist. However, higher birth order and lower birth weight were not associated with CHD in exclusively term infants. Finally, a higher maternal educational level was related to lower CHD in term infants even after adjusting for a family history of CHD and preconception diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.45, 95% CI: 1.71-17.37, P=0.004). Conclusions: Our study findings demonstrate the need for a more enhanced primary care program, especially in patients with poor financial status and a family history of CHD.
The Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss Leaves Essential Oil on Some Pathogenic Bacteria as an Alternative for Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Dadazadeh Abdollah , Nourafcan Hassan
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Zataria multiflora Boiss has been used as a conventional medicinal plant for treating infections in traditional medicine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to reveal the composition and antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora leaves essential oil. Materials and Methods: Z. multiflora essential oil was isolated through two different methods: hydro isolation and steam isolation. Essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and its composition was determined. The antibacterial effect of Z. multiflora essential oil was investigated on gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutants, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria compared to that of 12 antibiotics. Results: The essential oil yields in hydro isolation and steam isolation methods were 2.33% and 0.33% respectively. Thirtyseven compounds were identified in the essential oil using GC/MS, among which carvacrol, thymol, linalool, p-cymene, decane, β-caryophyllene and γ-terpinene were the dominant compounds. Conclusions: Z. multiflora essential oil, at the concentration of 80 µL/mL, had a strong or similar antibacterial effect on S. aureus and S. typhimurium compared to the antibacterial effect of some of the antibiotics in the study.
Insight into the Paradigm of Open Innovation in the Face of the COVID Crisis-19
Authors: Kia Kojouri Karim
Published: August 2022

The corona virus, as a pandemic disease, has exposed the world to difficult and critical conditions. In the meantime, the health service delivery system is at the forefront of confronting and controlling this crisis. Given the special circumstances of the crisis and the threat to public health in Iran, the need for creativity and innovation to manage the corona crisis is more pressing than ever. Open innovation is a phenomenon that has a significant impact on the innovation cycle, increasing research and development costs as well as scarcity of resources. By leveraging these benefits and using new ideas, we might be able to manage crises and reduce damage, especially the COVID -19 crisis.The open innovation paradigm emphasizes the success of the organization by using external and internal ideas. The basic idea behind open innovation is that there is an extensive knowledge that an organization cannot access all through its own proprietary research. So, it must leverage other research through the licensing, patenting process or purchase from other companies. In this model, organizations outsource some parts of the R&D process, use external ideas, constantly monitor the new products of competitors and leading companies, and in some cases collaborate with competitors and other research centers.1, 2 In the process of innovation, studies show that the field of health and treatment has taken on an open nature, and partnership with external organizations has become a key factor and a vital capability.3,4 In this way, valuable ideas can originate from outside the organization and the process of successful activity can be achieved through partnerships with external factors.5 Open innovation has a wide meaning in the field of health, 6 which is mentioned below: Technical and clinical innovations: New therapeutic drugs, diagnostic tests, medical devices, software, surgical techniques Process and service innovations: institutions, business models, service models, clinical pathways, roles, education System innovations: Policy innovation, reform of systems
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder with High- Functioning among Children Aged 7–12 Years Old
Authors: Yavari Abdolreza , Zamanian Maryam , Panahian Mahdi , Valizadeh Akram
Published: August 2022

Background. Many people with high-functioning autism are not diagnosed and treated until pre-school or early school years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high-functioning autism spectrum disorder in 7-12 year-old students in Arak city in order to identify these individuals and prevent further harm by early intervention. Methods. This Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 2864 male and female students in the first to sixth grades of primary schools in Arak who had an IQ of 70 and above, using the ASSQ questionnaire between October 2017 and June 2018. This questionnaire is related to screening for autism spectrum, and its validity and reliability were established by Kasechi at the University of Social Welfare Sciences in 2013 in Tehran. Individuals who scored 22 or higher on the questionnaire were identified as having high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Results. In this study, 2864 elementary school students with an average age of 9.16 years (minimum 7 years and maximum 12 years) in the first to sixth grades were evaluated. 1.7% of students had high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. The age variable with P.value = 0.003 (The highest prevalence is related to the age group of 7 years with a prevalence of 3.1% and the lowest prevalence is related to the age group of 8 and 9 years with a prevalence of 0.7%) and the gender variable with p = 0.002 (1.1% of boy students and 2.3% of girl students) made significant difference in the prevalence of this disorder and the prevalence of the disorder was higher in girls than in boys. Conclusion. High-functioning autism spectrum disorder is a latent disorder with a relatively high prevalence that is higher in girls than boys. Also, this prevalence is not age-related and there is a possibility of symptoms of this disorder at any age.
The Effectiveness of Stress Management Training through Spiritual Therapy Content on Sports Anxiety: a Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Esteki Samira
Published: August 2022

Background. Due to the periodic nature and rapid activities of badminton, in addition to paying attention to technical and tactical skills, special attention should also be given to psychological skills, which play a significant role in the performance of badminton players. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of stress management training through the content of spiritual therapy on sports anxiety of the females from Mazandaran who were invited to the selection camp of the country's adult badminton championship. Methods. This quasi-experimental research was conducted in three phases of pretest, posttest and follow-up. Considering the purpose of the study, 10 people were selected from the statistical population, and then they were randomly and equally assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in a stress management training program which was implemented through 8 group sessions held once a week. Both groups completed the anxiety questionnaire in in three stages: baseline, after training and follow-up. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results. The results of covariance analysis showed that the stress management training program with the content of spiritual therapy had a significant effect on reducing sports anxiety of the females playing badminton in both stages of post-test and the related follow-up 45 days later. Conclusion. Stress management based on spiritual therapy can be one of the effective approaches in reducing the symptoms of sports anxiety along with other medication interventions. The findings of this study confirm the acceptability of the theoretical issues presented in this basin.
Characteristics of Professional Ethics in the Health Education System of Northwestern Medical Universities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Soleimani Manizheh , Zavvar Tagi , Daneshvae Heris Zarrin , khadivi Assadollah , Talebi Behnam
Published: August 2022

Background.The aim of this study was to identify the components of professional ethics in health education in the field of health of the northwestern universities of medical sciences in Iran. Methods. This qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 43 experts in northwestern medical universities. Purposeful and theoretical sampling method was used to select the samples. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results. On the basis of semantic commonalities, 48 concepts were formed, and placed in six categories of ethical components of implementers in the health education system by the titles of responsibility to the general public, responsibility to the profession, responsibility to employers, responsibility in providing education Health, responsibility in research and evaluation, and responsibility in professional preparation. Conclusion. The Vice Chancellor for Health of Medical Universities is in charge of providing, maintaining and promoting the health of the community, moving in this direction by planning, organizing, evaluating and providing health services as wll as using innovative and creative methods. Improving the health of the covered community is one of the major goals of this important unit in the community. The ethical model obtained in the health education system of the health department of the northwestern medical universities of the country has components such as loyalty; responsibility; competitiveness; honesty; respect for others; respect for social values and norms; justice and fairness; empathy with others; liquidity; decisiveness; the trust; Cross-sectoral cooperation; observance of order; positive attitude and commitment.
An Overview on the Application of Solid Phase Microextraction in the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer
Authors: Ayazi Zahra , Pashayi Sarnaghi Samira
Published: August 2022

The search for biomarkers of diseases, especially for the early detection of cancer, is one of the most popular research fields in biomedicine. The development of non-invasive screening techniques for the early detection of cancer is one of the greatest scientific challenges of the 21st century. Because various diseases cause to generation of biomarkers in the body, early diagnosis of diseases can be performed by analyzing these biomarkers in all body feces. Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers of the body's metabolic processes is a new frontier in the fast, sensitive, selective and non-invasive analysis and medical diagnosis of human diseases. VOCs as biomarkers in the human body can be distinct and specific to metabolic conditions or diseases. VOCs produced as end products of cellular metabolism and are released through a variety of biological matrices such as breath, blood, saliva, urine and feces. The study of volatile metabolites in the body fluids of the patients is performed to establish "potential biomarkers" for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Various genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolic markers are evaluated for early detection of cancer. One of the promising emerging methods for early detection of cancer is the analysis of VOCs. The purpose of this review is to provide insights for recent research work on the analysis of VOC-biomarker of cancers with extraction by solid phase microextraction (SPME), and how to detect VOCs in different body matrices as a potential biomarker of disease.