bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods to Perform Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis to Detect Factors Affecting Mental Health
Authors:   Technical Account Manager, Navvis Healthcare, St. Louis MO,, Kumar Ravindra
Published: September 2021

Sentimental analysis and opinion extraction are emerging fields at AI. These approaches help organizations to use the opinions, sentiments, and subjectivity of their consumers in decision-making. Sentiments, views, and opinions show the feeling of the consumers towards a given product or service. In recent years, Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis has become an important tool to detect the factors affecting mental health. It’s Also true that human biasness is available in giving opinions, but it can be eliminated through the use of algorithms to get better results. However, it is crucial to remember that the developers are human and might pass the biasness to the algorithms during training. The main target of this paper is to give background knowledge on opinion extraction and sentimental analysis and how factors affecting mental health can be collected. The paper aimed to use interested individuals in knowing some of the algorithms in opinions extraction and sentimental analysis. The paper also provides benefits of using sentiment analysis and some of the challenges of using the algorithms.
The Tunisian Economics’ Situations After the Revolution of Arab Spring 2011
Authors:   Finance and Development, Faculty of Law and Economics and Politics Sciences/University of Sousse, Erriadh City, Tunisia., Sabbagh Foued
Published: September 2021

The Tunisian economic facts after the so-called the Arab spring or social revolution have been marketed by numerous fluctuations and radical changes in the general situation of the management of the administrative affairs of the country. The most prominent of these facts, including the series of chaotic sit-ins and the political and security instability that has increased from 2011 to 2018, note in particular the emergence of the phenomenon of terrorism and assassinations. These negative results are too the expensive cost of the Tunisian national economy, which has been directed, affected by all vital sectors of the country’s economy, especially the tourism, trade and investment sectors. In addition, the increase in excessive wages during the first three years following the revolution and the increasing number of random sit-ins that led to the cessation of the production in the Gafsa phosphate mine and the failure to work for most of the public servants represented negative factors that led to a decline in productivity and an increase in the financial and trade deficit. Thus, the budget deficit and the accumulation of indebtedness represent the main obstacle to achieving social and economic stability.
Impact of Kernel-PCA on Different Features for Person Re-Identification
Authors:   Department. of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh., Uddin Md Kamal , Bhuiyan Amran ,   Department. of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh., Hasan Mahmudul ,   Department. of Computer Science and Engineering, Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh.
Published: September 2021

In the driving field of computer vision, re-identification of an individual in a camera network is very challenging task. Existing methods mainly focus on strategies based on feature learning, which provide feature space and force the same person to be closer than separate individuals. These methods rely to a large extent on high-dimensional feature vectors to achieve high re-identification accuracy. Due to computational cost and efficiency, they are difficult to achieve in practical applications. We comprehensively analyzed the effect of kernel-based principal component analysis (PCA) on some existing high-dimensional person re-identification feature extractors to solve these problems. We initially formulate a kernel function on the extracted features and then apply PCA, significantly reducing the feature dimension. After that, we have proved that the kernel is very effective on different state-of-the-art high-dimensional feature descriptors. Finally, a thorough experimental evaluation of the reference person re-identification data set determined that the prediction method was significantly superior to more advanced techniques and computationally feasible.
Watertight Door Control System on A Ship using Profinet IO
Authors:   Department of Ship Automation, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland., Rybczak Monika , Radzimski Damian ,   Department of Ship Automation, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland., Wenta Natalia ,   Department of Ship Automation, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland.
Published: September 2021

The paper is to deal with the analysis of Profinet IO networks based on the design of a watertight door control system on a passenger ship. The analysis was based on modernization of existing watertight door system installed on a ship. The currency system on ship it use old PLC like S7-200, receive and send date only serial communication. In laboratory on University conditions the same network using two controls company Siemens PLC S7-1214 DC/DC/DC and simulated HMI write on WinCC was recreated and modified with Profinet IO standard. The authors propose a novel watertight door control system using two controllers and a touch panel HMI. The control algorithms have been written in LAD language with use norm SOLAS about list alarm. Program it was write in TIA Portal with use Function blocks (FB) with Block Date (DB) and Function (FC). When designing the laboratory bench, the authors based their assumptions on the actual solutions used on the Balmoral passenger ship. Tests were carried out on parameters related to dimensions, including the length of cables between communication modules of controllers, giving in results the actual lengths of cables in the current system and the one proposed in this work. Then, the possibility of data exchange between the two controllers and the visualization of the simulated KTP 1200 panel was examined. The operation of the software was verified, including its optimization for the correct operation of the entire system. The final part of the paper, after verifying the performance of the system in three steps, an analysis of the current system and the novel solution based on Profinet IO network is given.
Evaluation of Fatigue Potential for Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen in Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixes
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bhusanayana Mukundadas Sreenivasaiah College of Engineering, Bengaluru, (Karnataka), India., T M Anusha , M D Sharath Kumar ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Bhusanayana Mukundadas Sreenivasaiah College of Engineering, Bengaluru, (Karnataka), India., Jagadeesh Dr. H S ,   Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bhusanayana Mukundadas Sreenivasaiah College of Engineering, Bengaluru, (Karnataka) India.
Published: September 2021

SMA is a gap graded mix composed of a high concentration of coarse aggregate that is held together in a thick asphalt film by a matrix of mineral filler and stabilizers. Since natural aggregates have become expensive, hence Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) can be reused in pavement construction to reduce the environmental hazardous due to disposal problems. Since the RAP contains used aggregates, it is highly prone to fatigue, thermal and reflective cracking effect. Rheological and chemical properties of aged bitumen in RAP can be enhanced by use of untreated waste oils such as waste engine oil as rejuvenators. This research presents a study on fatigue performance of SMA mix with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials with and without rejuvenators and results were compared with conventional SMA mix. The materials used were first characterized by common laboratory tests. Then the three SMA mixes are tested using several laboratory test procedures: Marshall Stability, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, and indirect tension fatigue test. The optimum proportions of the of the mixes with highest stability are selected from the Marshall stability test. The indirect tensile strength test results show that the SMA mix replaced with RAP without rejuvenators showed higher tensile strength ratio and resistance to moisture damage when compared to conventional mix and optimum RAP replacement mix with rejuvenators. The fatigue test was conducted for the three optimum mixes at different temperature and stresses. The fatigue test results showed that at lower temperature and stresses, the RAP replaced SMA without rejuvenator offered better fatigue resistance than those with rejuvenator and conventional SMA mix. At higher temperatures, the RAP replaced SMA mix with rejuvenator offered similar fatigue lifecycle as conventional mix. However, at high stresses, conventional SMA mix offered better fatigue lifecycle. Increase in failure stresses resulted in decrease of number of fatigue cycles and increased in initial tensile strain of the mix. Thus, with the use of RAP substantial decrease in cost can be achieved without compromising the fatigue characteristic of the SMA mix.
Dhoopan: Therapeutics of Herbal Fumigation in Ayurvedic texts
Authors: IJYR Executive Editor
Published: September 2021

Herbal fume inhalation is a therapeutic module mentioned in detail in Ayurvedic literature for therapeutic purposes. Different herbal fume inhalation varieties are mentioned in Ayurvedic texts i.e. Dhoom-Nasya (herbal fumes inhaled through the nose), Dhompana (herbal fumes taken through the nose or the mouth and exhaled through the mouth) and Dhoopan (treatment using herbal fumes in total). The present manuscript studied the selected portions of Ayurvedic texts to understand the various therapeutic purposes of Dhoopan described in Ayurveda. All classical Ayurvedic texts mentioned some form of herbal fume inhalation for therapeutics. For example for disease treatment, for health prevention, for mental illness, for fever, for child growth, for diseases of ears, eyes, teeth, etc. Besides therapeutics, dhoopan is also helpful for environmental benefits such as killing bugs, purifying the environment, etc. The study gives perspective and argues ways to identify components mentioned in the Ayurvedic formula especially where some non-herbal meanings were derived from the classic Sanskrit texts; hence opening-up a new dimension of research required for reviving the ancient methods given in Ayurvedic texts.
Elastic Shape Analysis of Brain Structures for Predictive Modeling of PTSD
Authors: Wu Yuexuan , Kundu Suprateek , Stevens Jennifer S. , Fani Negar , Srivastava Anuj
Published: September 2021

Predictive modeling involving brain morphological features and other covariates is of paramount interest in such heterogeneous mental disorders as PTSD. We
propose a comprehensive shape analysis framework representing brain substructures, such as the hippocampus,
amygdala, and putamen, as parameterized surfaces and
quantifying their shape differences using an elastic shape
metric. Under this metric, we compute shape summaries
(mean, covariance, PCA) of subcortical data and represent individual shapes by their principal scores under a shape PCA basis. These representations are rich enough to allow visualizations of full 3D structures and help understand localized changes. Subsequently, we use these PCs, the auxiliary exposure variables, and their interactions for regression modeling and prediction. We apply our method
to data from the Grady Trauma Project (GTP), where the
goal is to predict clinical measures of PTSD. The framework seamlessly integrates accurate morphological features and
other clinical covariates to yield superior predictive performance when modeling PTSD outcomes. This approach
reveals considerably greater predictive power under the
elastic shape analysis than the current approaches and
helps identify local deformations in brain shapes associated with PTSD severity.
Procedural Level Generation for Sokoban via Deep Learning: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zakaria Yahia
Published: September 2021

Deep learning for procedural level generation has
been explored in many recent works, however, experimental
comparisons with previous works are either nonexistent or
limited to the works they extend upon. This paper’s goal is
to conduct an experimental study on four recent deep learning
procedural level generation methods for Sokoban (size = 7 × 7)
to explore their strengths and weaknesses and provide insights
for possible research directions. The methods will be bootstrapping conditional generative models, controllable & uncontrollable procedural content generation via reinforcement learning
(PCGRL) and generative playing networks. We will propose
some modifications to either adapt the methods to the task or
improve their efficiency and performance. For the bootstrapping
method, we propose using diversity sampling to improve the
solution diversity, auxiliary targets to enhance the models’ quality
and Gaussian mixture models to improve the sample quality.
The results show that diversity sampling at least doubles the
unique plan count in the generated levels. On average, auxiliary
targets increases the quality by 24% and sampling conditions
from Gaussian mixture models increases the sample quality
by 13%. Overall, PCGRL shows superior quality and diversity
while generative adversarial networks exhibit the least control
confusion when trained with diversity sampling and auxiliary
targets.
“Texte des Versuchens”: un’analisi della raccolta di collages Und. Überhaupt. Stop. di Marlene Streeruwitz
Authors: Linford Emma Margaret
Published: September 2021

This book is the first published analysis and interpretation of the collection of literary collages Und. Überhaupt. Stop. Collagen. 1996-2000. by Austrian writer Marlene Streeruwitz. It presents the author and body of her narrative work, analyses her programmatic poetics and investigates the collage as a technique, aesthetic principle and mode of thought, before moving on to the examination of the primary text. It thus addresses a noticeable gap in the reception of Streeruwitz’ work (as this collection has been virtually ignored, also internationally) and provides methodological and aesthetic insights relevant to the analysis of other literary collages, while also providing a comprehensive resource for the study of Streeruwitz and her oeuvre.
Klass i begåvningsreservens tidevarv: Taxonomiska konflikter inom och genom svensk utbildningsforskning, ca 1945–1960
Authors: Smedberg Carl-Filip
Published: September 2021

Class in the age of the pool of talent: Taxonomic struggles in and through Swedish education research, c. 1945–1960. This article studies conceptualisations of social class in Swedish education research, c. 1945–1960. The article follows knowledge produced about talent and class in state commissions and in the newly expanded social sciences, and how it in turn was interpreted and used in political debates and in the media. I show that the taxonomy of the population in social groups (Socialgrupper) was key for conceptualising notions of talent and framing education policy, beginning with debates around ”the pool of talent” (Begåvningsreserven) in 1948. At the same time as becoming a standard tool for mapping social difference in Sweden, the social group taxonomy was criticised for being unscientific.
Combined Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthening with Steel Clipping and Concrete Surfacing
Authors: Москалькова Ю. Г. , Данилов С. В. , Ржевуцкая В. А.
Published: September 2021

Постановка задачи. Исследуется метод усиления железобетонных колонн устройством стальной обоймы с обетонированием, который позволяет восстанавливать эксплуатационные показатели колонн, имеющих значительные дефекты и повреждения. Предпосылкой настоящих исследований явилось предположение о том, что усиление стальной обоймой с обетонированием является эффективным способом повышения несущей способности железобетонных колонн, причем вариант приложения нагрузки - только на бетонное ядро или ко всему сечению - существенно на эффективность усиления не влияет. В связи с этим целью исследования является определение необходимости устройства стального оголовка и включения в работу ветвей стальной обоймы при условии обетонирования стержня колонны по всей высоте. Результаты и выводы. Рациональным признан способ передачи нагрузки только на бетонное ядро усиленных колонн, поскольку устройство оголовка стальной обоймы требует применения сложных конструктивно-технологических решений, но при этом дополнительно увеличивает несущую способность незначительно (согласно проведенным исследованиям менее чем на 10 %). Ввиду отсутствия необходимости устройства конструкций стального оголовка снижаются трудоемкость и сроки производства работ по усилению колонн.

Statement of the problem. The method of strengthening reinforced concrete columns with a steel clipping and the concrete surfacing is investigated. This method allows one to repair the columns with significant defects and damage. The prerequisite for this study was the assumption of strengthening with a steel clipping and the concrete surfacing is an effective way to increase the ultimate limit state of reinforced concrete columns, furthermore, the option of applying the load (only to the concrete core or to the entire section) does not significantly affect the strengthening effectiveness. In this regard, the purpose of the investigation was to identify the need to include the steel jacketing in the work, on the condition the column is coated with concrete along with the entire height. Results and conclusions. The load transfer method only to the concrete core of the strengthened columns is recognized as rational since the device of the steel clipping head requires the use of complex structural and technological solutions, but at the same time additionally increases the ultimate limit state insignificantly (according to the studies by less than 10 %). Due to the absence of the need to establish structures of the steel jacketing head, the labor intensiveness and terms of work production on strengthening the columns are reduced.
Method for calculating the sliding bearing of a piston engine and compressor
Authors:   Val’ekho Maldonado P.R. Vinogradov L.V. Chainov N.D.
Published: September 2021

A one-dimensional model for calculating the sliding bearing of a piston engine and compressor is proposed. The results of approximation of the graphs by analytical dependences of the relative eccentricity on the bearing load coefficient for different values of the ratio of the working length of the bearing to the diameter of the crankshaft journal are presented in the form of exponential functions.
Keywords: sliding bearing, heat balance, piston compressor, piston engine, friction
prvm@rambler.ru; vinogradov.36@mail.ru; ndchainov@yandex.ru
Assessment of the production capabilities of an enterprise for the manufacture of radically new products
Authors:   Tyulin A.E. Chursin A.A. Yudin A.V.
Published: September 2021

A methodological approach to assessing the production capabilities of an enterprise for the manufacture of radically new products is proposed. The characteristics of the products are given, which make it possible to refer them to this category.
Keywords: radically new products, assessment of production capabilities, scientific and technological potential, competencies
yudinorel@gmail.com
A Comparative Study According to Angiotensin Genetic Diversity As Indicator for 30m Freestyle Swimming in Youth aged (15 – 16) Year Old
Authors: Khalid Ghezwan , Adeeb Ghasan
Published: September 2021

The orientation process done by coaches and academicians in swimmers’ selection was based on apparent indicators and somebody and physical indicators. Yet the development in genetic studies and applying it to each swimmer will be more accurate. The researchers aimed at studying the athlete’s genes, performance genes based on genetic studies so as to compare among the three versions of the gene and matching it to the corresponding physical abilities. This study sheds the light on swimmers’ orientation and selection through comparing genes a matter that can help specify what is suitable for 30m freestyle swimmers.
Specificity effects in reasoning with counterintuitive and arbitrary conditionals
Authors: Gazzo Castañeda Lupita Estefania , Knauff Markus
Published: September 2021

When people have prior knowledge about an inference, they accept conclusions from specific conditionals (e.g., “If Jack does sports, then Jack loses weight”) more strongly than for unspecific conditionals (e.g., “If a person does sports, then the person loses weight”). But can specific phrasings also elevate the acceptance of conclusions from unbelievable conditionals? In Experiment 1, we varied the specificity ofcounterintuitiveconditionals, which described the opposite of what is expected according to everyday experiences (“If Lena/a person studies hard, then Lena/the person will not do well on the test”). In Experiment 2, we varied the specificity ofarbitraryconditionals, which had no obvious link between antecedent and consequent (“If Mary/a person goes shopping, then Mary/ the person gets pimples”). All conditionals were embedded in MP and AC inferences. Participants were instructed to reason as in daily life and to evaluate the conclusions on a 7-point Likert scale. Our results showed a specificity effect in both experiments: participants gave higher acceptance ratings for specific than for unspecific conditionals.
Efficient estimation of bounded gradient-drift diffusion models for affect on CPU and GPU
Authors: Loossens Tim , Meers Kristof , Vanhasbroeck Niels , Anarat Nil , Verdonck Stijn , Tuerlinckx Francis
Published: September 2021

Computational modeling plays an important role in a gamut of research fields. In affect research, continuous-time stochastic models are becoming increasingly popular. Recently, a non-linear, continuous-time, stochastic model has been introduced for affect dynamics, called the Affective Ising Model (AIM). The drawback of non-linear models like the AIM is that they generally come with serious computational challenges for parameter estimation and related statistical analyses. The likelihood function of the AIM does not have a closed form expression. Consequently, simulation based or numerical methods have to be considered in order to evaluate the likelihood function. Additionally, the likelihood function can have multiple local minima. Consequently, a global optimization heuristic is required and such heuristics generally require a large number of likelihood function evaluations. In this paper, a Julia software package is introduced that is dedicated to fitting the AIM. The package includes an implementation of a numeric algorithm for fast computations of the likelihood function, which can be run both on graphics processing units (GPU) and central processing units (CPU). The numerical method introduced in this paper is compared to the more traditional Euler-Maruyama method for solving stochastic differential equations. Furthermore, the estimation software is tested by means of a recovery study and estimation times are reported for benchmarks that were run on several computing devices (two different GPUs and three different CPUs). According to these results, a single parameter estimation can be obtained in less than thirty seconds using a mainstream NVIDIA GPU.
Aprendizaje Personalizado: Estrategia Tecno-Educativa a Estudiantes de Computación de Nivel Superior
Authors: Rivera-Arzola Elba Zulma
Published: September 2021

En los ambientes de aprendizaje de las instituciones educativas se están generando transformaciones para ofrecer un aprendizaje más flexible, útil, con una aplicación práctica. En el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje debe existir un involucramiento activo del estudiante, una estrategia para lograrlo puede ser el aprendizaje personalizado, el cual busca un ajuste más granular de los cursos hacia necesidades individuales de los estudiantes. Es por ello, surge la propuesta de hacer uso del aprendizaje personalizado mediante un Sistema Adaptativo, con el fin de identificar su impacto en la mejora en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en computación de una institución educativa de nivel superior. Para llevarlo a cabo, se ha considerado un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo experimental con un grupo de prueba más uno de control, el análisis de datos se basa en la estadística inferencial. Esta propuesta se planteó una muestra de 30 participantes, para su recolección se consideran los siguientes instrumentos: pruebas de estilos de aprendizaje, instrumento estandarizado, pruebas de estrategias de aprendizaje, evaluación diagnóstica, evaluación final y cuestionario de satisfacción a los estudiantes. Además, de lograr una mejora en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, se generó una guía de referencia de buenas prácticas y un programa de difusión para este tipo de aprendizaje. Por ende, la implementación de prácticas educativas como el aprendizaje personalizado a través de sistemas adaptativos reflejo un impacto positivo en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
Introduction
Authors: Gerzina Gretchen H.
Published: September 2021

In the introduction, editor Gretchen Gerzina describes the origins of the book project having sprung from a Radio 4 series she had presented called ‘Britain’s Black Past’ in which she travelled around the country interviewing experts about black people who had lived or worked there in the eighteenth or early nineteenth century. The book brings together many of these experts as well as others working to uncover similar histories. Gerzina acknowledges the important work that came before in this field by academics including Edward Scobie, Folarin Shyllon, and Peter Fryer. Their work, as well as Gerzina’s earlier book ‘Black England: Life Before Emancipation’ is added to and expanded by the new discoveries and interpretations of the contributors to the current book which includes academics, independent scholars, an actor/playwright, a lawyer, and a museum curator. Gerzina offers a brief summary of each chapter and explains that the book targets a wide audience including descendants of black ancestors, recent black arrivals to the country and anyone unaware of the long presence and varied experience of blacks in Britain.
Revisiting Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa
Authors: Carretta Vincent
Published: September 2021

The backlash against challenging the origin story of Olaudah Equiano, author of the influential autobiography The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself, is the subject of this chapter by Vincent Carreta. Since first being published in 1789, the text has achieved canonical status as a rare first-hand account of an African-born person describing the horrors of the Middle Passage and slavery. Interesting Narrative was successfully appropriated political propaganda by abolitionists to help end the transatlantic slave trade and abolish slavery. After revealing archival documents calling Equiano’s birth in Africa into question, Caretta describes the firestorm of criticism he faced, including threats of assault, from some scholars. He suggests that the unwillingness of some scholars to confront the possibility that Equiano may have lied about his birthplace is too high stakes as it opens the door to questioning how much of Interesting Narrative is fiction and how much work that relies on the text may require reexamination.
Pero’s Afterlife: Remembering an Enslaved African in Bristol
Authors: Dresser Madge
Published: September 2021

In this chapter Madge Dresser introduces the reader to Pero (also known as William Jones), who was the enslaved manservant to plantation owner and sugar merchant John Pretor Pinney, first in Nevis and then in Bristol, and recounts what little is known of his life. Dresser then turns her attention to what she calls Pero’s “afterlife”—how he has come to symbolize Bristol’s past reliance on the transatlantic slave and the city’s failures to recognize and come to terms with its past. Dresser particularly focuses on the gradual and overdue efforts at the Pinney mansion (now known as the Georgian House) to acknowledge the role of slavery in Pinney’s wealth and to highlight Pero’s life there and the controversial (and ultimately successful) campaign to name a pedestrian bridge in honor of Pero to draw attention to the black presence in Bristol and its ties to slavery.
Ghostly Presences, Servants and Runaways: Lancaster’s Emerging Black Histories and their Memorialization 1687–1865
Authors: Rice Alan
Published: September 2021

Here, Alan Rice offers examples of a black presence in Lancaster, the fourth largest slave port in England. These findings, often in the form of archival fragments, expose a hidden history and puncture the narrative of the city’s success based on myths of mercantile glory. Examples include a rediscovered pamphlet by ex-slave James Johnson recounting his wanderings throughout the region in search of employment during the Cotton Famine; the memorialization of Sambo, a young slave who died during a brief visit; the day-book of merchant Henry Tindall noting the arrival of a slave chaperoning two young white boys; unearthed baptismal records and runaway slave ads; and a macabre family heirloom—the mummified hand of a favored slave—eventually buried by a descendant of the slave-owning merchant family. Finally, Rice offers the finances of three prosperous Lancashire merchants (Thomas Hodgson, James Sawrey and Thomas Hinde)—all prominent in the slave trade—to show how the money they invested in the region’s economy which helped drive the industrial revolution, were funded by profits of the slave trade. Rice suggests that these evidentiary snippets of a black presence in Lancaster can be a pathway to uncovering even more and serve to illuminate the connection between the city’s development and the forced labor of enslaved people.
The Gravity of Mary Prince’s History
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: September 2021

Sue Thomas uses this chapter to explore recent academic and creative projects about Mary Prince that reframe and add complexity to her story. Prince, enslaved in Bermuda, Grand Turk Island, Antigua and London, is best remembered for her influential slave narrative, The History of Mary Prince, published in 1831 by Thomas Pringle, secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society. The text was a graphic exposé of the atrocities of slavery and brought about a libel case against Pringle by one of Prince’s former owners. Thomas looks at work about Prince including Margot Maddison-MacFadyen’s archival research used both in her PhD dissertation and her historical fiction novella for young readers; themes of other-mothering explored in the poetry of Joan Anim-Addo; a video installation by Joscelyn Gardner using a toy theatre set that reflects on performative aspects of history through Prince’s story; and work by Cynthia M. Kennedy and Michele Speitz which brings attention to the harsh conditions of slaves working in Caribbean salt ponds as described by Prince. Finally, Thomas explores Prince’s conversion to Moravianism and how her experience of slavery chafed against the religious philosophy of quietism.
The Next Chapter: The Black Presence in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bressey Caroline
Published: September 2021

Caroline Bressey turns her attention in this chapter to the 19th century descendants of blacks who had found their way to Britain in the previous century. She focuses on the flawed Victorian depictions of the British black presence (most notably found in the 1875 essay ‘The Black Man’ published in Charles Dickens’s periodical All The Year Round)—which offered narrow sketches of the lives and opportunities of the black population. Bressey offers anecdotal examples of a wider spectrum of employment and lifestyles that blacks were able to partake in and describes how some of the obstacles to uncovering a clearer picture of 19th century blacks in Britain are being eased by the digitization of newspapers, census returns and family papers and diaries. Bressey concludes by calling for more study, propelled by these digital archives, to better understand the diversity of the black British experience.
Feast and Famine
Authors: Powell Jim
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents a picture of the British cotton trade on the eve of the American Civil War, describing both the pre-eminence of that trade and how it had been attained over the previous century and a half. The relative merits of three major recent studies of the history of cotton, notably Sven Beckert’s Empire of Cotton, are discussed. This is followed by a consideration of how the issue of slavery, and the threat to its survival, influenced the British trade before the war. There is a detailed description of how the Liverpool brokerage system controlled the trade in raw cotton and how it was intended to operate.
Liverpool, Louisiana?
Authors: Powell Jim
Published: September 2021

This chapter considers the other myth of the war years: that Liverpool was overwhelmingly Confederate in its sympathies. Much contrarian evidence emerges: the port of Liverpool prospered during the war; its trade was always more dependent on the Northern States of America than on the Southern; the depredations of the CSS Florida and the CSS Alabama, warships built on Merseyside for the Confederacy, far from being a source of pride for Liverpool merchants, were for most a threat and an embarrassment. A noisy and partisan support for the Confederacy certainly existed in the port, but perceptions have been clouded by the romance of blockade-running – which accounted for less than 1 per cent of Liverpool’s wartime trade – and by the furore over the building of Confederate warships. The chapter shows that Laird Brothers, who built the Alabama and the notorious Laird rams, were approached to build warships for the Union and agreed to do so. The conclusion is that, while the opposite view cannot be maintained either, the idea that Liverpool was overwhelmingly pro-Confederate is unsustainable.
Visualizing Spatialization at a Crossroads between Translation and Mobility: Italian Australian Artist Jon Cattapan’s Cityscapes
Authors: Maestri Eliana
Published: September 2021

Maestri looks at how Italian experiences of migration to Australia inform artistic practices and, at the same time, how Italian Australian artworks visually translate mobility and migrant routes across the world. She focuses on the artistic career and productions of Melbourne-based second-generation migrant Jon Cattapan. Her analysis shows how his visual artwork can be read as a diasporic narrative and optical reflection on the added value provided by migration to the physiognomy and morphology of the city’s linguistic landscape. It asks how his art displays imaginary journeys across generations, ethnicities, and boundaries, and how it translates discourses of mobility and movement. The chapter aims to respond to the need to study constructions of Italianness in the face of constant reshaping of transcultural spaces and multimodal connections.
Misplaced Plants: Migrant Gardens and Transculturation
Authors: Vanni Ilaria
Published: September 2021

The chapter explores ways in which we can think about gardening practices from a transcultural point of view, as contact zones between different orders of things. It asks the questions: what happens when plants travel from one country to another? What cultural and social practices do they carry, and what cultural and social practices do they engender in their travels? Presenting examples of Italian gardening practices in Australia from contemporary documentaries and oral histories, the chapter demonstrates that diaspora gardens need to be considered as a practice of constant negotiation and reinvention, where plants, as well as humans, play a key role.
Introduction
Authors: Hawthorne Melanie C.
Published: September 2021

The coming out of Ellen Degeneres in the 1990s marked a significant moment in the history of gay pride, and analysis of an episode of her controversial sitcom featuring Emma Thompson shows how, at the end of the twentieth century, shame was shifting from being associated with revelations about sexual orientation to questions of national origin. However, the moment underscores the continued close connection between perceptions about sexual types and national types in popular thinking that informs the core of Women, Citizenship, and Sexuality.
“Comment Peut-on Etre Homosexuel?”: Multinational (In)Corporation and the Frenchness of Salomé
Authors: Hawthorne Melanie C.
Published: September 2021

Drawing on the discourse surrounding the perceived "Frenchness" of Oscar Wilde's play Salomé, the chapter focuses on isomorphic thinking and the way sexuality and nationality were thought of in similar ways in the nineteenth century. This structural similarity facilitated the formation of a gay male community, since men could use references to national belonging as a model for identity and a code for mutual recognition. But women had no such claim to citizenship in their own right, thus this paradigm applied only to men.
Renée Vivien: French Poet?
Authors: Hawthorne Melanie C.
Published: September 2021

This chapter uses the example of the Anglo-American writer Renée Vivien (Pauline Tarn, 1877-1909) to explore what it might mean to claim a lesbian identity at the turn of the nineteenth century. The child of an English father and an American mother who chose France as her primary residence, Vivien embodied a transnational existence. But for those with her class privilege, national boundaries were often flexible, as illustrated by the fact that, while she travelled extensively, Vivien may never have possessed a passport. On the one hand, such an evasion of national belonging may have been liberating, but perhaps at the cost of a sense of shared (sexual communtity) community.
Adventures on Earth
Authors: Bullock Paul
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores what Steven Spielberg says about nature in Jurassic Park. It first outlines the importance of the natural world to his childhood and then goes on to explain the role it plays in his career as a whole. Spielberg films often focus on the relationship between the man-made world, which is depicted as bland and stifling, and the natural world, which is beautiful and revitalising. Spielberg’s characters are placed at the heart of this relationship and have to go through a journey that can be harmonious or challenging, but always ends in an emotional transformation. The chapter argues that Jurassic Park alters this approach by using the concept of bioengineering to depict the corrupting influence of man on nature. In depicting this influence, Spielberg takes a more hopeless stance than in previous films and draws a dividing line between man and nature. By the film’s end, nature is no longer defined by its relationship with man and man can no longer experience personal epiphanies through nature.
Introduction
Authors: Evans-Powell David
Published: September 2021

This chapter outlines the rationale for the monograph, explaining how and where The Blood on Satan’s Claw sits alongside Witchfinder General and The Wicker Man (often collectively termed the ‘unholy trinity’ amongst folk horror commentators). It places the film centrally within the ‘unholy trinity’ and within the folk horror tradition through references to Mark Gatiss’ appraisal of the film in his 2010 television series A History of Horror. It suggests that Satan’s Claw has received far less critical appreciation and sustained textual analysis than the other two films and concludes with a statement of intent that the monograph intends to rectify this imbalance.
Nature and Civilisation
Authors: Evans-Powell David
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at the characteristics of, and relationship between, the three environments depicted within the film: the forest wilderness; London as represented by the short scene in the Judge’s house; and the cultivated and inhabited spaces of the village. This chapter considers the tension in the film between the primitive, regressive nature wilderness and the civilised and progressive (yet overbearing and tyrannical) London. It examines historical and cultural attitudes to the cultivated, uncultivated and occupied spaces, drawing in discussions on Classical and Romantic approaches to the landscape as well as points made by Paul Newland. It explores the village as a liminal space in which the characteristics of both the natural wilderness and the civilised urban space can be seen. The village space is put into its historical context as an environment subject to contentious changes to the form, function and ownership of the landscape.
The Puritan Religion of New England
Authors: Grafius Brandon , Grafius Brandon
Published: September 2021

Beginning with an overview of the Reformation, the chapter places the religious beliefs of the family portrayed in The Witch in historical context. The chapter provides the necessary background for those unfamiliar with the Puritan religious tradition to understand the animating fears and anxieties of the family. The chapter includes a summary of the particularities of New England Puritan religious history and beliefs, Anne Hutchinson, and the Salem witch trials.
Conclusion
Authors: Grafius Brandon
Published: September 2021

This chapter offers a brief summary of the book’s findings on The Witch. It provides an overview of The Witch’s growing influence on 21st century folk horror, as well as reflections on the contemporary relevance of the film.
Meatpacking District: Light and Darkness Among the Ruins
Authors: Ercolani Eugenio , Stiglegger Marcus
Published: September 2021

This first chapter introduces many of the themes and theories that will be disseminated throughout the book and chronicles all the events that brought director William Friedkin to cross paths with Gerald Walker’s novel. Great attention is given to Friedkin’s role within the New Hollywood movement, from his rise to his downfall, and a short but life altering string of box-office failures.
Reality and Fiction: The Birth of Cruising
Authors: Ercolani Eugenio , Stiglegger Marcus
Published: September 2021

In this chapter the real events that inspired Cruising are described and give the novel its context. In the 1960s detective Randy Jurgensen set out to investigate a series of brutal murders within the gay leather scene. This essay explores Jurgensen’s investigation and brings us to journalist Arthur Bell’s article on a very similar series of killings, which were the impulse for Friedkin to finally direct the film.
The Wandering Demon: Cruising as a Horror Film
Authors: Ercolani Eugenio , Stiglegger Marcus
Published: September 2021

This chapter defines Cruising as a horror film directed in the modus of a cop thriller. When analysed closely it becomes clear that not one but several killers roam the Meatpacking District of New York, and in the end even the protagonist might be infected by the killer virus. Friedkin uses the idea of a wandering demon from The Exorcist to place disturbing uncertainty in his film.
The Cult Film: Cruising’s Heritage and Legacy
Authors: Ercolani Eugenio , Stiglegger Marcus
Published: September 2021

This chapter argues that over four decades Cruising evolved from a ‘film maudit’ to an international cult hit. Even the soundtrack LP developed a cult following, with the title song appearing in Quentin Tarantino’s Death Proof. Cruising has also been spoofed as well as referred to in the homage Interior, Leather Bar by James Franco.
Foreword
Authors: Kadish Doris
Published: September 2021

This chapter begins with the book’s point of departure, the love affair my mother had with Philip Greenberg, who adopted the pen name Philip Rahv. It presents the book as part biography, part history, part literary analysis, part cultural studies, and part memoir. It identifies the key components of the book: textual analyses woven together with historical accounts, genealogy, memoirs by Rahv’s colleagues, friends, and associates, interviews with persons who knew him, and the abundant body of secondary scholarship devoted to the New York intellectuals, the history of Partisan Review, and Jewish studies. In keeping with the feminist notion of positionality, this chapter addresses the issue of what it means for a 21st-century woman to write about an author who unquestionably belongs to “the world of our fathers,” to use the title of Irving Howe’s magisterial study of Eastern European Jews in America.
Conflicting Identities
Authors: Kadish Doris
Published: September 2021

This chapter traces Rahv’s role in forming the canon of 20th century Jewish writing: to use his words, works by writers of Jewish descent. It considers his championing of Franz Kafka, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Bernard Malamud, and Saul Bellow. The significance of modernism, Zionism, and Yiddish in their works is foregrounded. Their stories of Jewishness are interwoven with Rahv’s to illuminate his affirmation of Jewish language and culture, which was marked, however, with ambivalence and irony. To explain Rahv’s ambivalent Jewishness in the 1940s and 50s, this chapter considers what two of his closest friends and associates had to say about him: William Barrett and Mary McCarthy, whose satirical depiction of him in the 1949 “roman à clef” The Oasis provoked Rahv to initiate a law suit. The chapter closes with reflections on what Jewishness meant in Rahv’s world and my own during the 1950s.
Hasidic Performance as a Reconstruction of Biblical Life
Authors: Reiser Daniel
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses a breakthrough by Moshe Idel on the shift in focus in the study of kabbalah and Hasidism from the search for systematic thought and theology to an enquiry into kabbalistic techniques, practices, and rituals. It explores the veritable paradigm shift in kabbalistic scholarship that had an impact on every other field in the study of Judaism. It also talks about finding literary expression through the performative dimension of experience, which is responsible for shaping the Jewish way of life. The chapter describes Idel’s studies of Hasidism, wherein he was primarily interested in the performance by the elite or the tsadikim and excluded a whole range of more popular ritual practices. It investigates the performative dimension of Hasidism in the context of halakhah, folklore, or mystical praxis that has bolstered the performative approach to the study of Jewish thought.
A Forgotten Network?
Authors: Maśiak-Maciejewska Alicja
Published: September 2021

This chapter describes the post-partition Polish lands, in which several prayer houses and synagogues strove for the modernization of religious life and introduced some innovations and moderate liturgical reforms. It talks about different innovations that changed over time and ranged from simply putting more emphasis on aesthetics, order, and decorum to more radical yet still limited changes, such as the introduction of a regular modern sermon delivered in German or Polish by an academically educated preacher. It also cites Majer Balaban’s book on the progressive synagogue in Lwów, which became an object of academic investigation by Jewish Polish historians. The chapter examines the characteristics of the pre-war research that focused on the histories of particular progressive circles and the activities of progressive leaders. It discusses the two dominant narratives that include the biographies of religious leaders and the histories of particular synagogues.