bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
My Access and Writing Error Corrections of EFL College Pre-intermediate Students
Authors: Chou Huey-nah Cindy , Moslehpour Massoud , Yang Chung-Yux
Published: April 2016

Purpose – This study aims to examine the effects of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) feedback on pre-intermediate EFL students’ writing performance. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to inspect the effects of AWE on self-correction in multiple submissions.

Design/participants – This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. The participants were students whose English proficiency was at the pre-intermediate level, below CEFR B1. They were enrolled in a two-hour, 18-weeks elective college English writing course for non-English majors. Twenty-seven students completed at least two submissions of drafts on an essay prompt. Through convenience sampling, two male and three female senior students majoring in Business, Chinese and Accounting participated in face-to-fact interviews.

Methodology/approach/instrumentation – This study uses descriptive statistics and correlational analysis to evaluate the data. Research data were obtained during 18 week period. My Access was used as an auxiliary writing tool in the college English writing course for non-English-majors. Students’ writing performance, self-correction with My Access feedback and self-reported perceptions of using My Access were used as the instruments.

Findings –  The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) based on analyses of qualitative data the individual student made improvement in various writing traits in revisions; 2) while the students were  more capable of self-correcting in usage type of lexical and syntactic errors using AWE, they were relatively incapable of handling independently mechanics and style types of errors; 3) the results of the interviews and self-reported student perceptions of My Access confirmed the effectiveness of AWE feedback in revisions and self-correction; 4) although findings of this study supported positive effects of My Access feedback for independent revision and correction, the importance of teachers’ role in writing instruction and periodic teacher-student interactions in enhancing particular writing skills is stressed.

Practical implications/value – The application of AWE influences writing instruction in both ESL and EFL contexts by both assessing strengths and weaknesses of student writing and enhancing writing quality. Investigating the effectiveness of AWE feedback in the meditational process of constructing and revising text is thus of great importance to ensure its validity and usefulness. Utilizing AWE can, no doubt, be effective with the participation of teachers. Writing teachers play a crucial role in assisting and guiding students in the writing process.   
The adsorptive potential of chicken egg shells for the removal of oxalic acid from wastewater
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Rehman Afrasiab Ur , Ali Sharafat , Ali Sher , Hasnain Bakhtiar Syed Ul , Alam Sultan
Published: April 2016

Chicken egg shells were grinded and sieved to an exact particle size of 125 micron and treated with excess aqua regia and n-hexane to remove inorganic and organic impurities. Adsorption of oxalic acid from waste water was studied on treated powder egg shells by kinetics and batch adsorption techniques at different temperatures, 20ºC, 30ºC and 40ºC. The samples were characterized by BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The amount of acid adsorbed was determined with respect to initial acid concentration, equilibrium time and different acid concentration manually by titration method. Intra-particle diffusion, Elovich and Bhangam models were used for adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔE≠ were calculated. The results obtained showed that adsorption process was spontaneous and entropy of adsorption had negative value. Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Harkins-Jura linear equations were used to investigate adsorption isotherms. This work will provide feasible routes for waste water treatment.
Making Better Decisions: Can Minimizing Frequentist Risk Help?
Authors: D. Baker Rose , McHale Ian G.
Published: April 2016

The concept of shrinking bet size in Kelly betting to minimize estimated frequentist risk has recently been mooted. This rescaling appears to conflict with Bayesian decision theory through the likelihood principle and the complete class theorem; the Bayesian solution should already be optimal. We show theoretically and through examples that when the modeldetermining the likelihood function is correct, the prior distribution (if not dominated by data) is `correct' in a frequentist sense, and the posterior distribution is proper, then no further rescaling is required. However, if the model or the prior distribution is incorrect, or the posterior distribution improper, frequentist risk minimization can be a useful technique. We discuss how it might best be exploited. Another example, from maintenance, is used to show the wider applicability of the methodology; these conclusionsapply generally to decision-making.
The Social Networks of People with Intellectual Disabilities during the On-Campus Supported Adult Education Programme
Authors: Saarinen Minna K. , Jahnukainen Markku T. , Pirttimaa Raija A.
Published: April 2016

This article describes the social networks of four young people with intellectual disabilities in supported adult education, focusing on their inclusion in school and leisure environments. A multiple case study approach with content analysis was used. Data were collected through interviews with young people and their family members, relationship maps, observation journals and notes from Personal Futures Planning meetings. Relationships with family members, other relatives and neighbours were close. One participant had a friend of her own age with no disabilities. The other three had varying, superficial peer relationships and friends of the family. All the participants had heterogeneous relationship maps and had no difficulties in nominating the people who were important to them. All of them hoped to make friends with peers without disabilities.
FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS SEMENTES DE Enterolobium contortisiliquum: ANÁLISE DA INCIDÊNCIA, CONTROLE E EFEITOS NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA COM O USO DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS
Authors: Medeiros José George Ferreira , Araujo Neto Aderson Costa , Ursulino Marina Matias , Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro do , Alves Edna Ursulino
Published: April 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821090Os fungos são os principais micro-organismos associados às sementes, podendo causar danos, tanto na fase de campo, como também na pós-colheita e durante o armazenamento. Nesta última fase, a deterioração pode ocorrer pela ação específica de fungos, afetando a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. A utilização de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas são alternativas ecológicas e promissoras para substituir a proteção promovida pela aplicação de fungicidas. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a eficiência dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm sobre a micoflora e germinação em sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. As sementes foram coletadas em diferentes municípios do estado da Paraíba (Areia, Arara, Conde e Sobrado). Os lotes foram submetidos a testes de sanidade e de germinação. A avaliação da incidência de fungos foi feita a partir da visualização dos fungos através do método de papel de filtro. Utilizaram-se no teste de sanidade 100 sementes por tratamento, as quais foram imersas em 20 mL dos extratos por cinco minutos, em seguida incubadas em placas de Petri sobre dupla camada de papel de filtro. No teste de germinação utilizaram-se 200 sementes, distribuídas em papel germitest e germinadas à temperatura de 30 ± 2°C. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Constatou-se nas sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum os fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp. e Cladosporium sp. Os extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm causaram redução da frequência dos fungos. O extrato de Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm proporcionou o aumento na germinação e primeira contagem, além de reduzir o percentual de sementes mortas.
DIFERENCIAÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA DE TRÊS SETORES DE UM REMANESCENTE FLORESTAL RELACIONADA AO SEU HISTÓRICO DE PERTURBAÇÕES
Authors: Morel Jean Daniel , Pereira José Aldo Alves , Santos Rubens Manoel dos , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça , Marques João José
Published: April 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821093A fragmentação florestal é um dos principais agentes de redução da biodiversidade, interferindo diretamente nos processos ecológicos da comunidade arbórea. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar parâmetros de diversidade, estrutura e composição em três setores de um remanescente florestal com históricos distintos de perturbações. A vegetação arbórea foi avaliada em 24 parcelas de 10 × 10 m, amostrando um total de 1228 indivíduos vivos. Foram quantificados o índice de diversidade de Shannon, a equabilidade de Pielou e os estimadores jackknife de primeira e segunda ordem. Os indivíduos amostrados foram distribuídos em classes de diâmetro e o valor de importância (VI) foi calculado para as espécies. Foi também realizada uma Análise de Correspondência Retificada (DCA) para verificar se há distinção entre os três setores. Constatou-se que o setor onde ocorreu corte raso e queima da vegetação possui maior abundância e riqueza, porém, tem a pior equabilidade, o que condiz com os efeitos das perturbações, corroborado também pela distribuição nas classes diamétricas e pelas espécies de maior VI. O setor que não possui perturbações e que está situado em um local com maior variedade de ambientes apresentou diversidade, estrutura e composição condizentes com estas situações. Já o outro setor, que não sofreu corte raso, está submetido ao pisoteio pelo gado e é ambientalmente semelhante ao primeiro setor, apresenta parâmetros condizentes com a ausência de perturbações severas. Por outro lado, a menor diversidade ambiental também o diferencia, o que o coloca em uma situação intermediária.
ESTIMATIVAS DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-MECÂNICAS DE COMPOSTOS LVL CONFECCIONADOS COM PARICÁ POR MEIO DE ULTRASSOM
Authors: Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Del Menezzi Cláudio Henrique Soares
Published: April 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821118No presente estudo buscou-se avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de compostos LVL produzidos com a madeira de paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex. Ducke) por meio do ultrassom. Para isso, foram utilizados LVL produzidos em laboratório e destes retiradas amostras para realização dos ensaios não destrutivos. Posteriormente, as mesmas amostras foram destinadas para realização dos ensaios físicos (absorção de água; inchamento em espessura e inchamento residual) ou mecânicos (resistência e rigidez à flexão estática flatwise; resistência e rigidez à flexão estática edgewise; resistência à compressão paralela e resistência ao cisalhamento paralelo e perpendicular). Os dados da velocidade de propagação de ondas e do módulo de elasticidade dinâmico obtidos nos ensaios não destrutivos foram utilizados no ajuste de equações para estimar as propriedades avaliadas. Os resultados obtidos apontaram o uso do ultrassom como uma ferramenta eficaz para a predição da maior parte das propriedades avaliadas. Dentre as variáveis independentes avaliadas, o módulo de elasticidade dinâmico obteve os melhores resultados quando comparado à velocidade de propagação das ondas.
SUBSTRATOS E TEMPERATURAS PARA TESTE DE GERMINAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE MYRTACEAE
Authors: Gomes Juliano Pereira , Oliveira Luciana Magda de , Ferreira Paula Iaschitzki , Batista Felipe
Published: April 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821120As espécies brasileiras de Myrtaceae compreendem diversas plantas arbóreas e arbustivas que podem ser utilizadas na produção de frutos para consumo in natura ou para industrialização. Informações sobre avaliação da qualidade de sementes dessas espécies não estão bem definidas, principalmente as relacionadas à adequação do teste de germinação. Objetivou-se testar substratos e temperaturas para realização do teste de germinação em sementes de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret. (goiaba-serrana), Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg (guabiroba), Eugenia involucrata DC. (cereja-do-mato) e Eugenia pyriformis Camb. (uvaia). Sementes, de diferentes procedências, foram submetidas ao teste de germinação em substratos areia e rolo de papel tipo germitest, umedecidos com água destilada, e nas temperaturas 15°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C e 20-30°C, sob luz constante, em germinadores tipo BOD.  O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes/tratamento/lote/espécie, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,01). O teste de germinação pode ser conduzido na temperatura de 25ºC e em substrato rolo de papel para Eugenia involucrata e Eugenia pyriformis. Ambos os substratos podem ser utilizados para o teste de germinação de Acca sellowiana, a 25ºC. A temperatura de 25ºC e alternância de 20-30ºC são indicadas para Campomanesia xanthocarpa, assim como, os substratos areia e rolo de papel.
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO SUCESSIONAL COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA CONSERVAÇÃO E MANEJO DO PNMCBio, SOROCABA - SP
Authors: Coelho Samuel , Cardoso-Leite Eliana , Castello Ana Carolina Devides
Published: April 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821125O trabalho foi realizado no Parque Natural Municipal Corredores da Biodiversidade (PNMCBio), em Sorocaba -SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a composição florística do componente arbóreo e o estágio sucessional de uma área de floresta nativa de aproximadamente 31 hectares. Para tanto, foram alocadas 64 parcelas de tamanho 10 x 10 m, distribuídas aleatoriamente na área, sendo coletados todos os indivíduos com CAP igual ou maior que 15 cm. Estimou-se a diversidade por meio do índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e a equabilidade por meio do índice de Pielou (J’). As espécies foram caracterizadas nos grupos sucessionais, síndrome de dispersão, categorias de ameaça, amplitude de distribuição e indicadoras do estágio de regeneração. Foram amostrados 1088 indivíduos, distribuídos em 79 espécies, 54 gêneros e 29 famílias, sendo o H’ estimado em 3,421 e o J’ em 0,78, valores próximos aos encontrados em outras áreas de formações vegetacionais similares. Foram identificadas quatro espécies ameaçadas de extinção, 11 espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica e duas espécies restritas à Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no domínio da Mata Atlântica. O fragmento encontra-se em estágio médio de regeneração, sendo de suma importância sua conservação e manejo para a manutenção da biodiversidade local e regional.
Mito y estrategias para un destino romántico: la ciudad de Teruel
Authors: Andrés Sarasa José Luis
Published: April 2016

Las ciudades históricas, definidas por la interdependencia entre patrimonio cultural inmaterial y patrimonio cultural y natural, disponen de una ventaja cualitativa para posicionarse en la nueva función de la internacionalización. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en presentar y analizar el proceso llevado a cabo por la ciudad histórica de Teruel para ocupar un sitio en la nueva jerarquía urbana. Utiliza el mito de los Amantes como capital/imagen para realizar el proceso de su internacionalización. Un proceso que se concreta en tres estrategias, equivalente a otras tantas etapas que van de lo local a lo internacional, en las que participan un amplio conjunto de actores: el Centro de Iniciativas Turísticas con la entrega de la Medalla de los Amantes, la Fundación Bodas de Isabel en la recreación del mito y el Ayuntamiento busca la definitiva internacionalización con el Proyecto Europa Enamorada.
Orígenes y desarrollo del turismo en el Protectorado Español del Norte de Marruecos (1912-1956)
Authors: Araque Jiménez Eduardo
Published: April 2016

A lo largo del casi medio siglo durante el cual España ejerció el Protectorado en el norte de Marruecos (1912-1956), tanto la iniciativa pública como la privada trataron de impulsar la implantación y el desarrollo del turismo en ese país con una doble finalidad. Por un lado, crear una nueva fuente de riqueza y empleo que contribuyera a la mejora material de una sociedad con profundos síntomas de subdesarrollo; por otro lado, exhibir ante los visitantes los logros alcanzados por la denominada «acción civilizadora» española.
La experiencia en la relación entre los empleados de primera línea y los clientes: caso exploratorio sobre la identificación con la misión en la industria de la hotelería española
Authors: Fusté Forné Francesc
Published: April 2016

Las empresas de la industria de la hotelería deben saber destacar por lo que a creación de experiencias se refiere. Para ello es necesario tener una relación directa con los consumidores y conocer sus tendencias de comportamiento (por ejemplo, a través de los cuestionarios de satisfacción). El presente artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado en seis hoteles españoles. A partir de las entrevistas a 66 cargos directivos y recepcionistas de los hoteles estudiados, los resultados demuestran que la identificación con la misión corporativa de los empleados está estrechamente relacionada con la identificación del cliente, justificada a través del porcentaje de cuestionarios de satisfacción que estos rellenan.
La agenda de investigación del turismo mediante el Análisis Cuantitativo de Redes Sociales (QSNA)
Authors: Merinero Rodríguez Rafael
Published: April 2016

El trabajo realiza un recorrido por la literatura aparecida en los últimos años en las revistas científicas y libros que han utilizado el Análisis Cuantitativo de Redes Sociales (QSNA, en inglés) para el estudio del turismo. Se presenta de forma sistemática todas las aportaciones científicas que han usado los métodos y técnicas propias del QSNA para el análisis del turismo, lo que permitirá que cualquier investigador pueda disponer de las referencias oportunas con el objeto de poder orientar sus trabajos de investigación utilizando el QSNA. A partir del análisis de todas estas aportaciones se plantea una propuesta de avance para la futura agenda de investigación del turismo desde el QSNA.
Sex steroids regulate skin pigmentation through nonclassical membrane-bound receptors
Authors: Natale Christopher A , Duperret Elizabeth K , Zhang Junqian , Sadeghi Rochelle , Dahal Ankit , O'Brien Kevin Tyler , Cookson Rosa , Winkler Jeffrey D , Ridky Todd W
Published: April 2016

The association between pregnancy and altered cutaneous pigmentation has been documented for over two millennia, suggesting that sex hormones play a role in regulating epidermal melanocyte (MC) homeostasis. Here we show that physiologic estrogen (17β-estradiol) and progesterone reciprocally regulate melanin synthesis. This is intriguing given that we also show that normal primary human MCs lack classical estrogen or progesterone receptors (ER or PR). Utilizing both genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we establish that sex steroid effects on human pigment synthesis are mediated by the membrane-bound, steroid hormone receptors G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and progestin and adipoQ receptor 7 (PAQR7). Activity of these receptors was activated or inhibited by synthetic estrogen or progesterone analogs that do not bind to ER or PR. As safe and effective treatment options for skin pigmentation disorders are limited, these specific GPER and PAQR7 ligands may represent a novel class of therapeutics.
The Acceptability and Costs of Hot Smoke-cured Milkfish (Chanoschanos) Using Fragrant Screw Pine (Pandanus odoratissimus) and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Leaves Extract as Food Additives
Authors: Maquirang Jessy H.
Published: April 2016

A taste test study on smoke-cured milkfish with food additives, fragrant screw pine and lemongrass leaves extract, to determine its acceptability (color, odor, and flavor) and the cost was conducted. The 9-point Hedonic Rating Scale was used to evaluate the product. Mean determined the acceptability of hot smoke-cured milkfish as to color, odor, flavor and general acceptability. ANOVA determined the significant differences among treatments and Least Significant Difference determined the significant difference in treatment means. A t-Test was used to evaluate the responses of both laboratory and consumer panelists on the quality attributes of the product. All tests were set at 0.01alpha. Results showed that Treatment 1 is least acceptable, Treatment 2 is very much acceptable, and Treatment 3 is extremely acceptable. The t-Test revealed that there was no significant difference in the product attributes of Treatments one (1), two (2) and three (3) as evaluated by both laboratory and consumer panelists. Treatment 3 was more viable and profitable based on simple cost and return analysis. Keywords-Food technology, fish processing, acceptability, costs, hot smoke-cured milkfish, fragrant screw pine, lemongrass leaves extract, food additives, experimental design, Philippines, Asia.
Self‐Healable Polymer Nanocomposites Capable of Simultaneously Recovering Multiple Functionalities
Authors: Xing Lixin , Li Qi , Zhang Guangzu , Zhang Xiaoshan , Liu Feihua , Liu Li , Huang Yudong , Wang Qing
Published: April 2016

The continuous evolution toward electronics with high power densities and integrated circuits with smaller feature sizes and faster speeds places high demands on a set of material properties, namely, the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of polymer dielectrics. Herein, a supramolecular approach is described to self‐healable polymer nanocomposites that are mechanically robust and capable of restoring simultaneously structural, electrical, dielectric, and thermal transport properties after multiple fractures. With the incorporation of surface‐functionalized boron nitride nanosheets, the polymer nanocomposites exhibit many desirable features as dielectric materials such as higher breakdown strength, larger electrical resistivity, improved thermal conductivity, greater mechanical strength, and much stabilized dielectric properties when compared to the pristine polymer. It is found that the recovery condition has remained the same during sequential cycles of cutting and healing, therefore suggesting no aging of the polymer nanocomposites with mechanical breakdown. Moreover, moisture has a minimal effect on the healing and dielectric properties of the polymer nanocomposites, which is in stark contrast to what is typically observed in the hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular structures.
Developmental Toxicity Studies with Pregabalin in Rats: Significance of Alterations in Skull Bone Morphology
Authors: Morse Dennis C. , Henck Judith W. , Bailey Steven A.
Published: April 2016

Pregabalin was administered to pregnant Wistar rats during organogenesis to evaluate potential developmental toxicity. In an embryo‐fetal development study, compared with controls, fetuses from pregabalin‐treated rats exhibited increased incidence of jugal fused to maxilla (pregabalin 1250 and 2500 mg/kg) and fusion of the nasal sutures (pregabalin 2500 mg/kg). The alterations in skull development occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity (reduced body weight gain) and developmental toxicity (reduced fetal body weight and increased skeletal variations), and were initially classified as malformations. Subsequent investigative studies in pregnant rats treated with pregabalin during organogenesis confirmed the advanced jugal fused to maxilla, and fusion of the nasal sutures at cesarean section (gestation day/postmating day [PMD] 21) in pregabalin‐treated groups. In a study designed to evaluate progression of skull development, advanced jugal fused to maxilla and fusion of the nasal sutures was observed on PMD 20–25 and PMD 21–23, respectively (birth occurs approximately on PMD 22). On postnatal day (PND) 21, complete jugal fused to maxilla was observed in the majority of control and 2500 mg/kg offspring. No treatment‐related differences in the incidence of skull bone fusions occurred on PND 21, indicating no permanent adverse outcome. Based on the results of the investigative studies, and a review of historical data and scientific literature, the advanced skull bone fusions were reclassified as anatomic variations. Pregabalin was not teratogenic in rats under the conditions of these studies
Oxidative Dearomatization of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐indoles Obtained by Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Thermal 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization: The Route to Erythrina and Lycorine Alkaloids
Authors: Andreev Ivan A. , Ratmanova Nina K. , Novoselov Anton M. , Belov Dmitry S. , Seregina Irina F. , Kurkin Alexander V.
Published: April 2016

A facile one‐pot approach based on a thermally induced metal‐ and solvent‐free 5‐endo‐dig cyclization reaction of the amino propargylic alcohols in combination with Dess–Martin periodinane‐promoted oxidative dearomatization of 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindole intermediates provides an efficient and robust access to 5,6‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐2(4H)ones. Green, relatively mild and operationally simple characteristics of the synthetic sequence are the major advantages, which greatly amplify the developed methodology. The utility of obtained indolones as unified key precursors is demonstrated by the application of these products to the formal total syntheses of a whole pleiad of Erythrina‐ and Lycorine‐type alkaloids, namely (±)‐erysotramidine, (±)‐erysotrine, (±)‐erythravine, (±)‐γ‐lycorane, and abnormal erythrinanes (±)‐coccoline and (±)‐coccuvinine.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF CATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PHOTOANODE IN THE N‐GALLIUM ARSENIDE!POTASSIUM SELENIDE (K2SE)‐POTASSIUM DISELENIDE (K2SE2)‐POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE!CARBON SEMICONDUCTOR LIQUID JUNCTION SOLAR CELL
Authors: PARKINSON B. A. , HELLER A. , MILLER B.
Published: April 2016

Chemisorption von Ru(III) an der Oberfläche der n‐GaAs‐Photoanoden führt für die Titelsolarzelle zu einem höheren Potential bei offenem Schaltkreis, einem höheren Ausnutzungsfaktor und beträchtlich reduzierter Hysteresis.
ChemInform Abstract: SELENIUM CHELATES. PREPARATION AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF METHYL(DIETHYLDISELENOCARBAMATO)(TRIPHOSPHINE)PLATINUM(II), PT(SE2CNET2)(CH3)(PPH3)
Authors: CHEN H.‐W. , FACKLER J. P. JUN. , MASTERS A. F. , PAN W. H.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von Bis‐[diethyldiselenocarbamato]‐platin mit Dimethyl‐bis‐[triphenylphosphin]‐platin in Benzol unter Rückfluß lieferte den Titelkomplex in hoher Ausb., der durch NMR‐Daten charakterisiert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPIN‐LABELED ORGANIC LIGANDS COVALENTLY BOUND TO A NONCRYSTALLINE SURFACE: DIPOLAR CONTRIBUTION TO NITROXIDE EPR SPECTRUM
Authors: HALL L. D. , WATERTON J. C.
Published: April 2016

Kommerziell erhältliches Glas mit kontrollierter Porosität wurde in entgaster alkalischer Lösung mit frisch hydrolysiertem 3‐Amino‐propyl‐trin1ethoxysilan zu (I) derivatisiert, das mit dem Piperidinoxyl (II) reduktiv zum Spin‐dotierten Produkt (III) alkyliert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION OF PROCHIRAL KETONES BY RHODIUM(I) AND RUTHENIUM(II) CHIRAL DISPHOSPHINE COMPLEXES
Authors: OHKUBO K. , SETOGUCHI M. , YOSHINAGA K.
Published: April 2016

Als Katalysatoren wurden eingesetzt chirale Rh(I)‐ Komplexe, in situ dargestellt aus [Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2 und (+)‐1,2‐Bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐propan oder (‐)‐DIOP, sowie ein kristalliner, verbrückter Dimeren‐Komplex von Ru2Cl4[(‐) ‐DIOP]3 (DIOP = 2,3‐O‐Isopropyliden‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐butan).
ChemInform Abstract: CARBENE CHEMISTRY. PART 12. KINETICS OF THE ISOMERIZATION, ADDITION, AND INSERTION REACTIONS OF 1,2,2‐TRIFLUOROETHYLIDENE
Authors: HASZELDINE R. N. , PARKINSON C. , ROBINSON P. J. , WILLIAMS W. J.
Published: April 2016

Das thermisch aus CHF2‐CF2‐SiX3 (X: ‐F, ‐Me) erzeugte Titelcarben (III) isomerisiert sich in unimolekularer Reaktion zum Trifluorethylen (Aktivierungsenergie 96 kJ/mol).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5,9‐DIMETHYL‐2,4,8‐DECATRIENOIC AND 5,9‐DIMETHYL‐9‐ALKOXY‐2,4‐DECADIENOIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: PATWARDHAN S. A. , GUPTA A. S.
Published: April 2016

Im Hinblick auf mögliche Insektenjuvenilhormonaktivität wurde eine Reihe der Titelverbindungen (I)‐(III) wie folgt dargestellt; MnOZ‐ Oxidation von Geraniol bzw. 7‐Methoxy‐ und 7‐Ethoxy‐geraniol lieferte Geranial (Ausb. 69.3%) bzw. 7‐Methoxy‐ (77.5%) und 7‐Ethoxy‐geranial (75.3%).
ChemInform Abstract: IMPREGNATED CYANIDE REAGENTS. CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF NITRILES
Authors: REGEN S. L. , QUICI S. , LIAW S.‐J.
Published: April 2016

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Fixierung von Cyaniden an Aluminiumoxid beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING SULFONAMIDES WITH ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOMS. 3. RELATED N‐SUBSTITUTED CARBAMOYLBENZOIC ACIDS
Authors: RUFER C. , LOSERT W.
Published: April 2016

Aus (II) erhält man die substituierten Acetophenone (III), die zu den Benzoesäuren (IV) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF α′‐(TRIFLUOROACETAMIDO) α‐DIAZO KETONES
Authors: BLAIR I. A. , MANDER L. N.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Hydro chlorid (I) neben dem Trifluoracetamid (II) erhältliche Oxazolon (III) reagiert mit Diazomethan unter Bildung der Produkte (IV)‐(VII) mit dem Diazoketon (IV) als Hauptprodukt (das Oxazolon (III) entsteht auch beim Behandeln des Chlorids der Säure (H) mit Diazomethan).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INSERTION AND EXTRUSION OF HETEROSULFUR BRIDGES. X. CONVERSIONS IN THE TRIPHENYLENE‐TRIPHENYLO(4,5‐BCD)THIOPHENE SYSTEM
Authors: KLEMM L. H. , LAWRENCE R. D.
Published: April 2016

Triphenylen (I) reagiert mit Schwefelwasserstoff in Gegenwart von Mo‐Oxid‐Katalysatoren zu einem Einschiebungsprodukt (IIa), aus dem das Sulfoxid (IIb) und das Sulfon (IIc) hergestellt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF A POTENTIAL INTERMEDIATE TO APOMITOMYCIN
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KIGAWA Y. , NEMOTO H. , IHARA M. , FUKUMOTO K.
Published: April 2016

Zum Aufbau des Zwischenproduktes (VIII) für Apomitomycin wurde zunächst eine Modellreaktion durchgeführt: Der Phenylessigsäureester (I) wurde mit N‐Bromsuccinimid (II) in das Bromderivat übergeführt und dieses mit Thiopyrrolidon (IV) zum Enamin (V) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ALCOHOLS AND ALUMINUM ALKOXIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF RANEY NICKEL AS ALKYLATING AGENTS. I. ALKYLATION OF INDOLES AND PYRROLES
Authors: BOTTA M. , DE ANGELIS F. , NICOLETTI R.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Indolen (I) erhält man bei der Behandlung mit Alkoholen (II) und Alkoholaten die N‐Alkylierungsprodukte (III), in gleicher Weise reagieren die Pyrrole (IV), wobei mit Isopropanol, Aluminiumisopropylat und Ra‐Ni Mischungen der Pyrrole (V) neben entsprechenden Tetrahydro‐ Verbindungen (VI) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: H2‐ANTIHISTAMINICS. V. SYNTHESIS AND H2 ANTIHISTAMINIC ACTIVITY OF METIAMIDE AND CIMETIDINE ANALOGOUS ETHERS
Authors: HERKE J. , SCHUNACK W.
Published: April 2016

Als geeignete Ausgangssubstanz zur Darstellung des intermediär benötigten Amins (IV) erwies sich (I), das mit dem Bromid (II) das Imidazol (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFURANES. 39. SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURE STUDIES OF STABLE DIFLUORO‐ AND DICHLOROSULFURANES. APICOPHILICITY ORDERS IN SULFURANES
Authors: MARTIN L. D. , PEROZZI E. F. , MARTIN J. C.
Published: April 2016

Der Mercaptoalkohol (I) wird mit überschüssigem Chlor zum Dichlorsulfuran (IIa) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF AZOMETHINES OF THE PYRAN SERIES
Authors: ALEKSANDROVA I. A. , CHERNOVA A. V. , KHAIRULLIN V. K.
Published: April 2016

Der Dihydropyranyla1dehyd(I) reagiert mit Aminen (II) zu Azomethinen (III), die in Abhängigkeit von den N‐Substituenten mehr oder weniger leicht dimerisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 6‐(ALKYLTHIO)IMIDAZO(1,2‐A)PYRIDINES
Authors: GOL'DFARB YA. L. , STOYANOVICH F. M. , MARAKATKINA M. A. , GORUSHKINA G. I.
Published: April 2016

Aus der 2‐Aminopyridin‐5‐sulfonsäure (I) werden über das Doppelsalz (II) die Alkylthiopyridine (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED BENZO(G)ISOQUINOLINE AND 8‐AZABENZO(A)FLUORANTHENE
Authors: PROSTAKOV N. S. , TORRES M. , VARLAMOV A. V. , VASIL'EV G. A.
Published: April 2016

Beim Erhitzen der Pipeiidole (I) mit Pyridin‐N‐oxid werden das Pyridin (II) und das Dipyridylethan (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐QUATERNARY HETEROCYCLICS. PART VII. SYNTHESIS OF 2,3,5,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐10BH‐THIAZOLO(2,3‐A)ISOQUINOLINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: SINGH H. , LAL K. B. , MALHOTRA S. C.
Published: April 2016

Natriumborhydridreduktion des Perchlorats (I) führt ziu den Isochinolinderivaten (II), (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF DIHYDROTRIAZINES AND DIHYDROTRIAZOLOTRIAZINES
Authors: DAUNIS J. , DJOUAI‐HIFDI L. , LOPEZ H.
Published: April 2016

Die Dihydro‐triazine (I) werden nach bekannten Verfahren hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY. 71. TRANSANNULAR REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED BICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANE‐3‐ENDO‐CARBONITRILES: SYNTHESIS OF BIFUNCTIONAL 4‐AZAHOMOADAMANTANES
Authors: HASSNER A. , MORGAN T. K. JUN. , MCLAUGHLIN A. R.
Published: April 2016

Das aus Adamantanon glatt zugängliche Nitril (Ia) liefert nach Hydrolyse zum Amid (Ib) reduktiv das Amin (IIa), aus dem die beiden Derivate (IIb) und (IIc) hergestellt und weiter zu (IIIa) und (IIIb) epoxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(2‐PHOSPHONOETHYL) AMINO ACID TRIESTERS AND N‐(2‐PHOSPHONOETHYL)GLYCINE
Authors: ISSLEIB K. , WACHE H. , BALSZUWEIT A.
Published: April 2016

Im Sinne einer anti‐Makovnikov‐Addition werden aus dem Vinylphosphonat (I) und den en"‐ sprechenden Aminosäureestern (II) in Gegenwart von Na die Titelester (III) hergestel t. Die angegebenen Ausb. sind Rohausb., da sich die Triester bei der Destillation zum Teil zersetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHO LITHIATION VIA A CARBONYL SYNTHON
Authors: HARRIS T. D. , ROTH G. P.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Butyllithium erhält man aus den Imidazolidinderivaten (I) die o‐Lithio‐Verbindung (II), die zu (III) substituiert und verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN METALLAINDANS AND ARYNE OLEFIN‐METAL COMPLEXES
Authors: ERKER G. , KROPP K.
Published: April 2016

Das aus Diphenylzirconocen (I) erzeugte Dehydrobenzolzirconocen (II) reagiert mit den Olefinen (IIIa‐c) zu den gewünschten l‐Zirconaindanen (IVa‐c).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐CHLORO‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAPHENYLAURA‐CYCLOPENTADIENE DIMER AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: USON R. , VICENTE J. , CHICOTE M. T.
Published: April 2016

Das Stannol (I) reagiert mit Trichlorotetrathiophen‐Au(III) (II) zu der Titelverbindung (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS IN THE DIAZASTEROID GROUP. VIII. SYNTHETIC STUDIES OF THE 14,17‐DIAZASTEROID SYSTEM
Authors: YAMAZAKI T. , MATOBA K. , IMAI T. , CASTLE R. N.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Benzochinolon (I) erhält man die Chlorverbindung (II), die zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHETIC AMPHIPHILIC HELICAL DOCOSAPEPTIDE WITH THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF PLASMA APOLIPOPROTEIN A‐I
Authors: FUKUSHIMA D. , KUPFERBERG J. P. , YOKOYAMA S. , KROON D. J. , KAISER E. T. , KEZDY F. J.
Published: April 2016

Das Peptid Pro‐Lys‐Leu‐Glu‐Glu‐Leu‐Lys‐Glu‐Lys‐Leu‐Lys‐ Glu‐Leu‐Leu‐Glu‐Lys‐Leu‐Lys‐Glu‐Lys‐Leu‐Ala wurde mittels Merrifield‐Methode synthetisiert (Ausb. 1.5%, bezogen auf Boc‐Ala‐Harz als Ausgangsmaterial: Reinheit über 99%).
ChemInform Abstract: DESIGN OF SPECIES‐ OR ISOZYME‐SPECIFIC ENZYME INHIBITORS. I. EFFECT OF THYMIDINE SUBSTITUENTS ON AFFINITY FOR THE THYMIDINE SITE OF HAMSTER CYTOPLASMIC THYMIDINE KINASE
Authors: HAMPTON A. , KAPPLER F. , CHAWLA R. R.
Published: April 2016

Dargestellt und untersucht werden die Verbindungen (I)‐(VII).
ChemInform Abstract: XPS STUDY OF SURFACE FILM ON NICKEL ALLOYS IN HOT CONCENTRATED SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: HASHIMOTO K. , ASAMI K.
Published: April 2016

Die Zusammensetzung der auf den stark Ni‐haltigen Legierungen 600 und 800 in 50 Gew.‐proz. NaOH bei 120°C gebildeten Oberflächenfilme wird als Funktion des Polarisierungspotentials untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODUCTION OF THE MOV‐η‐S2 TRIANGULO‐GROUPING BY “CONDENSATION” OF (MOVIO2S2)2‐ TO (MO2VO2S2(S2)2)2‐
Authors: RITTNER W. , MUELLER A. , NEUMANN A. , BAETHER W. , SHARMA R. C.
Published: April 2016

Das "Polythiooxoanion" [Mo(V)2 ‐ O2S2(S2)2 12′ kann als Tetramethylammoniumsalz (II) durch einen neuartigen intramolekularen Redox‐Prozeß beim Erhitzen wäßriger Dithiomolybdat(VD‐Lösungen zum Sieden dargestellt werden (Ausb.‐Angaben in g).
ChemInform Abstract: BRIDGING ALKYLIMIDO COMPLEXES OF THE GROUP 4B TRANSITION METALS
Authors: NUGENT W. A. , HARLOW R. L.
Published: April 2016

Die 1:1‐ molare Umsetzung von Tetrakis‐[dimethylamido]‐Hf oder ‐Zr (I) mit tert.‐Butylamin (II) in siedendem Hexan führt zu den durch Sublirnation zugänglichen tBuN‐verbrückten Dimeren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE C‐ALKYLATION IN GRIGNARD REACTION OF α‐PHENYLDIHYDROCINNAMONITRILES ‐ A NOVEL OBSERVATION
Authors: PRASHAD M. , SETH M. , BHADURI A. P.
Published: April 2016

A Novel Observation.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. PART 35. THE CONVERSION OF PRIMARY ALIPHATIC AMINES INTO CHLORIDES BY REACTION WITH 2,4,6‐TRIPHENYLPYRYLIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , HORVATH K. , PLAU B.
Published: April 2016

Triphenylpyryliumchlorid (I) wird mit primären Aminen (II) über die Zwischenstufe der Enamine (III) in Pyridiniumchloride (IV) übergeführt, von denen die N‐Alkylpyridiniumsalze bei Temperaturen von 100‐150°C in Triphenylpyridin (V) und Alkylchloride (VI) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1‐(ETHYNYL)VINYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATES
Authors: STANG P. J. , FISK T. E.
Published: April 2016

Bis‐trimethylsilyl‐acetylen (I I) wird mit Säurechloriden (I) unter Friedel‐Crafts‐Bedingungen monoacyliert und nachfolgend mit Trifluormethansulfonsäureanhydrid (IV) in Gegenwart von 2,6‐Di‐t‐butyl‐4‐methylpyridin (V) in Vinylsulfonate (VI) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIVETOL. TRIMETHYLSILYL AS A PROTECTIVE GROUP DURING GRIGNARD REACTIONS
Authors: BARKER S. A. , SETTINE R. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Resorcincarbonsäure (I) wird über den Ester (II) in das Amid (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC APPLICATION OF METHYL(PHENYLTHIO)KETENE. SYNTHESIS OF VICINAL‐SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ISHIDA M. , MINAMI T. , AGAWA T.
Published: April 2016

Methyl‐phenylthio‐keten (I) addiert an Cyclopentadien, Inden, Ethyl‐vinylether oder 2,3‐Dihydropyran (II) zu den Addukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: COUMARIN DERIVATIVES. PART II. SYNTHESIS AND SCREENING OF SOME NEW SCHIFF BASE ANALOGS OF FORMYL‐7‐METHOXYCOUMARIN
Authors: SHRIDHAR D. R. , VISHWAKARMA L. C. , BHUJANGA RAO A. K. S.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung von Formyl‐methoxycumarin (I) mit einer Reihe von Aminen (II) werden die Schiffschen Basen (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE VILSMEIER REACTION OF ACYLATED PYRROLES CONTAINING ENOLIZABLE CARBONYL GROUPS: A SYNTHESIS OF CYCL(3.2.2)AZINE DERIVATIVES (PYRIDO(2,1,6‐CD)PYRROLIZINES)
Authors: FLITSCH W. , KOSZINOWSKI J. , WITTHAKE P.
Published: April 2016

Vilsmeier‐Reaktion acylierter Pyrrole mit enolisierbarer CO‐Gruppe führt zunächst zu Chlorolefinen und dann zu Formylierungsreaktionen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,3,4,4A,5,9B‐HEXAHYDRO‐1H‐PYRIDO(4,3‐B)INDOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITIES
Authors: NAGAI Y. , IRIE A. , MASUDA Y. , OKA M. , UNO H.
Published: April 2016

Durch Debenzylierung von (I) und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung entstehen die trans‐Hexahydro‐pyridoindole (III), die zu den Verbindungen (IV) alkyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐2,Ω‐DIAMINOALKYL DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHOROTHIOATES AS ANTIRADIATION AGENTS
Authors: PIPER J. R. , ROSE L. M. , JOHNSTON T. P. , GRENAN M. M.
Published: April 2016

Auf den im Formelschema skizzierten Wegen werden Thiophosphorverbindungen (III) und (IX) dargestellt, von denen die Verbindung (III) in (IV) und (V) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF TERTIARY PHOSPHINES USING A CONVENIENT FORM OF LITHIUM DIPHENYLPHOSPHIDE
Authors: CLARK P. W.
Published: April 2016

In siedendem Tetrahydrofuran setzt sich Diphenylchlorphosphin (I) mit metallischem Lithium zum Lithiumphosphid (II) um, das mit Methyliodid (III) das Phosphin (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAKIS (μ‐(ETHYL CHLOROCARBAMATO‐N,O))‐μ4‐OXO‐TETRAZINC AND ITS THERMOLYSIS IN SIMPLE OLEFINS
Authors: NICHOLAS P. P.
Published: April 2016

N‐Chlor‐urethan (I) reagiert mit Diethylzink (II) zu einem in seiner Struktur diskutierten Komplex (III), der mit Tetramethylethylen (IV) zu den Folgeprodukten (V)‐(X) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF ((TRIMETHYLSILYL)METHYL)INDIUM(III) COMPOUNDS
Authors: BEACHLEY O. T. JUN. , RUSINKO R. N.
Published: April 2016

Das dreifach‐koordinierte, monomere Tris‐[trimethylsilylmethyll‐In (I) wird durch Umsetzung von In(III)‐chlorid mit der Grignardverbindung Trimethylsilylmethyk‐ MgCl in Ether dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER BETWEEN LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. 4. STEREOSELECTIVITY IN THE TRANSFER FROM TERBIUM(III) TO EUROPIUM(III) COMPLEXES OF ASPARTIC ACID
Authors: BRITTAIN H. G.
Published: April 2016

Zur Untersuchung der Bindung zwischen Tb" und Asparaginsäure als Funktion vom pH werden Methoden wie intermolekulare Energie‐ übertragung von Tb3 auf Eu3", Emissionsintensitäten, Lebensdauermessungen, potentiometrische Titrationen und differentiale Absorptionsspektroskopie verwendet.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐METALLATED DIAZIRIDINYL AND 1,2,3,5‐TETRAZINYL RADICALS FROM 3‐CHLORODIAZIRINES WITH BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐ AND BIS(TRIMETHYLGERMYL)MERCURY
Authors: GRUGEL C. , NEUMANN W. P.
Published: April 2016

Bei Bestrahlung des 3‐tert.‐Butylchlordiazirins (Ia) und Bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐Hg wird anstelle des erwarteten metall‐ und chlorfreien Diazirinylradikals das kurzlebige N2‐metallierte Diaziridinyl‐ Radikal (IIa) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS YLIDES WITH TRANSITION METAL COMPOUNDS. VII. NITRILE COMPLEXES OF THE TYPE (CO)5CRL, SYNTHESIS AND REACTION WITH METHYLENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE
Authors: KNOLL L. , WOLFF H.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Hexacarbonyl (I) photolytisch erzeugte THF‐Derivat ′ reagiert mit Nitrilen zu den stabilen Nitri1‐Komplexen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A VERSATILE, HIGH‐RESOLUTION THIN‐LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM FOR THE ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF COMPLEXES AND AMINO ACID LIGANDS
Authors: WARNER B. D. , LEGG J. I.
Published: April 2016

Zur effektiven Trennung einer Reihe von Co(III)‐Aminosäurekomplexen in ihre geometrischen und diastereomeren Formen sowie von verschiedenen Aminosäure‐ und Peptidderivaten (Tabelle) mittels Dünnschichtchromatographie wird ein Lösungsmittelsystem entwickelt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REVISED STRUCTURE OF DISPERMOL AND TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF MAYTENOQUINONE, DISPERMOL, AND DISPERMONE
Authors: MATSUMOTO T. , OHMURA T. , USUI S.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation von β‐Cyclocitral (I) mit dem Benzylchlorid (II) ergibt die Alkohole (±)‐(III), von denen (±)‐(IIIa) zu dem Keton (±)‐(IV) oxidiert wird, aus dem durch intramolekulare Cyclisierung gefolgt von Methylierung das Totaratrienon (±)‐(V) gebildet wird, Demethylierung von (±)‐(V) ergibt (±)‐Maytenochinon (±)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURES OF DICTYODIAL AND DICTYOLACTONE, UNUSUAL MARINE DITERPENOIDS
Authors: FINER J. , CLARDY J. , FENICAL W. , MINALE L. , RICCIO R. , BATTAILE J. , KIRKUP M. , MOORE R. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Strukturen der Diterpene (I) und (II) werden untersucht und sichergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (S,S)‐2‐AMINO‐3‐PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID
Authors: TSUCHIHASHI G. , MITAMURA S. , OGURA K.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (VIII) wird aus dem Malonat (IV) wie angegeben synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BROAD‐SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE LACTONES. 1. SYNTHESIS OF SEX PHEROMONES OF THE CARPENTER BEE, ROVE BEETLE, JAPANESE BEETLE, BLACK‐TAILED DEER, AND ORIENTAL HORNET
Authors: PIRKLE W. H. , ADAMS P. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Hydroxy‐nitrile (I) können durch Behandlung mit α‐Ethylnaphthylisocyanat in die entsprechenden anomeren Urethane (II) übergeführt und dann nach Hydrolyse zu den Antipoden der Urethane (III) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF Γ‐HYDROXYAMINES
Authors: BARBULESCU N. , SEBE I.
Published: April 2016

Review: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine Literaturübersicht mit 51 Literaturzitaten zur Herstellung der besonders physiologisch interessierenden γ‐Hydroxyamine dar.
ChemInform Abstract: VANADIUM OXIDE MONOLAYER CATALYSTS. II. A LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF OXIDIC VANADIUM/Γ‐ALUMINA CATALYSTS
Authors: ROOZEBOOM F. , MEDEMA J. , GELLINGS P. J.
Published: April 2016

Bei niedriger Oberflächenkonzentration liegt das V‐oxid auf V(V)‐oxid/7‐A12 O3 ‐Katalysatoren sowohl in Form von isolierten VO4‐Tetraedern als auch als zweidimensionales Netzwerk von verzerrten Vanadat‐Oktaedern vor, während bei höheren Konzentrationen V2O5 ‐Kristallite gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND MOESSBAUER EFFECT OF TIN INTERCALATES OF LAYERED TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES
Authors: GENTILE P. S. , DRISCOLL D. A. , HOCKMAN A. J.
Published: April 2016

Die neuen Sn‐Einlagerungsverbindungen (I)‐(V) werden aus MX, und reinem Sn in geeigneten Verhältnissen in versiegelten, evakuierten Vycor‐ Röhren bei Temp zwischen 480 und 950°C (6‐18 h) dargestellt und röntgenographisch und durch Mößbauer‐Spektren charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYMER‐SUPPORTED η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLCOBALT. AN IMMOBILIZED “HOMOGENEOUS” FISCHER‐TROPSCH CATALYST
Authors: PERKINS P. , VOLLHARDT K. P. C.
Published: April 2016

Im Gegensatz zu löslichem CyclopentadienyI‐Co(CO)2 ist der an Polystyrol gebundene Katalysator (I) ‐ erheblich besser jedoch (II) ‐ Fisch‐Tropsch‐aktiv.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISTIC AND EXPLORATORY ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY. 118. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE ARYL‐VINYL VERSION OF THE DI‐Π‐METHANE REARRANGEMENT
Authors: ZIMMERMAN H. E. , GANNETT T. P. , KECK G. E.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem ungesättigten Esternitril (I) erhält man mit p‐Anisylmagnesiumbromid (II) das Addukt (III), das zum Säureracemat (IVa) verseift und decarboxyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: VINYLIC CATIONS FROM SOLVOLYSIS. 28. SOLVENT DEPENDENCY OF THE SOLVOLYTIC SITE OF 9‐(α‐BROMOANISYLIDENE)‐10‐HYDROXY‐9,10‐DIHYDROANTHRACENE
Authors: RAPPOPORT Z. , GREENBLATT J.
Published: April 2016

Im Gegensatz zu Angaben in der 27. Mitt., wonach ein konkurrierender Angriff auf die 10‐OH‐ Gruppe bei der Solvolyse der Titelverbindung (Ia) ausgeschlossen sei, wird nun aufgrund weiterer kinetischer Solvolyseuntersuchungen an (Ia) und (Ib) in 80proz. EtOH und AcOH mitgeteilt, daß zwar in EtOH und Trifluorethanol der Solvolyse‐Angriff tatsächlich am Cα erfolgen dürfte, mit C‐Br‐Bindungsspaltung als geschwindigkeitsbestimmendem Schritt, in AcOH dagegen der Angriff am C10 stattfindet, mit C‐O(+)H2‐ und C‐OAc‐Bindungsspaltung als geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritten.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLALUMINUM CHLORIDES AS CATALYSTS OF THE ADDITION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE TO OLEFINS
Authors: TOLSTIKOV G. A. , KANZAFAROV F. YA. , SANGALOV YU. A. , DZHEMILEV U. M.
Published: April 2016

Ethyl‐AlC12 katalysiert die Addition von H2S an Olefine.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS IN LEWIS ACID CATALYZED DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS. ROUTE TO SUBSTITUTED BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTANONES
Authors: BALDWIN J. E. , LUSCH M. J.
Published: April 2016

Dimethylbutadien (I) reagiert mit Methacrolein (II) bei 150°C zu einem Addukt (III), das sich mit Zinntetrachlorid zu (IV) umlagert.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF THE NORRISH TYPE II PRODUCTS FROM THE BIACETYL‐SENSITIZED PHOTOLYSIS OF VALEROPHENONE DIPEROXIDE
Authors: ITO Y. , MATSUURA T. , YOKOYA H.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelreaktion des Diperoxids (I) in Benzol ergibt die Produkte (II)‐(VI) sowie in geringer Menge das Cyclobutanol (VII) und Biphenyl.