bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of prolonged survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Bashir Qaiser , Khan Hassan , Orlowski Robert Z. , Amjad Ali Imran , Shah Nina , Parmar Simrit , Wei Wei , Rondon Gabriela , Weber Donna M. , Wang Michael , Thomas Sheeba K. , Shah Jatin J. , Qureshi Sofia R. , Dinh Yvonne T. , Popat Uday , Anderlini Paolo , Hosing Chitra , Giralt Sergio , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H.
Published: December 2011

A total of 149 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) with myeloablative (MAC; n = 38) or reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC; n = 110) regimens at MD Anderson Cancer Center were evaluated. Of the total, 120 (81%) patients had relapsed or had refractory disease. Median age of MM patients was 50 (28–70) years with a followup time of 28.5 (3–164) months. The 100‐day and 5‐year treatment related mortality (TRM) rates were 17% and 47%, respectively. TRM was significantly lower with RIC regimens (13%) vs. 29% for MAC at 100 days (P = 0.012). The cumulative incidence of Grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 35% and chronic GVHD was 46%. PFS and OS at 5 years were 15% and 21%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, allo‐HCT for primary remission consolidation was associated with longer PFS (HR 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18–0.67) and OS (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.15–0.55), while absence of high‐risk cytogenetics was associated with longer PFS only (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.37–0.95). We observe that TRM has decreased with the use of RIC regimens, and long‐term disease control can be expected in a subset of MM patients undergoing allo‐HCT. Further studies should be conducted in carefully designed clinical trials in this patient population. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Grown by Vapor Deposition Techniques
Authors: Brault Pascal , Caillard Amaël , Thomann Anne‐Lise
Published: December 2011

Polymer fuel cell electrode growth using vapor deposition techniques is reviewed. The supports, the nanocatalyst sizes and morphologies, and the resulting electrodes are examined as a function of the vapor deposition process; sputtering, CVD, plasma‐enhanced (PE)CVD, and metal‐organic (MO)CVD. In each case, up‐to‐date fuel cell performances are highlighted. Vapor depositions are valuable techniques for designing fuel cell electrodes of various kinds with good fuel cell performances, e.g., power density and catalyst activity
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in terrestrial organisms
Authors: Pannu Manmeet W. , O'Connor George A. , Toor Gurpal S.
Published: December 2011

Triclosan (TCS) is a common constituent of personal care products and is frequently present in biosolids. Application of biosolids to land transfers significant amounts of TCS to soils. Because TCS is an antimicrobial and is toxic to some aquatic organisms, concern has arisen that TCS may adversely affect soil organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of biosolids-borne TCS in terrestrial micro- and macro-organisms (earthworms). Studies were conducted in two biosolids-amended soils (sand, silty clay loam), following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidelines. At the concentrations tested herein, microbial toxicity tests suggested no adverse effects of TCS on microbial respiration, ammonification, and nitrification. The no observed effect concentration for TCS for microbial processes was 10 mg/kg soil. Earthworm subchronic toxicity tests showed that biosolids-borne TCS was not toxic to earthworms at the concentrations tested herein. The estimated TCS earthworm lethal concentration (LC50) was greater than 1 mg/kg soil. Greater TCS accumulation was observed in earthworms incubated in a silty clay loam soil (bioaccumulation factor [BAF] = 12 ± 3.1) than in a sand (BAF = 6.5 ± 0.84). Field-collected earthworms had a significantly smaller BAF value (4.3 ± 0.7) than our laboratory values (6.5–12.0). The BAF values varied significantly with exposure conditions (e.g., soil characteristics, laboratory vs field conditions); however, a value of 10 represents a reasonable first approximation for risk assessment purposes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:646–653. © 2011 SETAC
Occurrence, fate, and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil
Authors: Fang Yu , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Chase Darcy A. , Wang Jiafan , Morse Audra N. , Anderson Todd A.
Published: December 2011

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as a group of potential environmental contaminants of concern. The occurrence of gemfibrozil, a lipid-regulating drug, was studied in the influent and effluent at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and groundwater below a land application site receiving treated effluent from the WWTP. In addition, the sorption of gemfibrozil in two loam soils and sand was assessed, and biological degradation rates in two soil types under aerobic conditions were also determined. Results showed that concentrations of gemfibrozil in wastewater influent, effluent, and groundwater were in the range of 3.47 to 63.8 µg/L, 0.08 to 19.4 µg/L, and undetectable to 6.86 µg/L, respectively. Data also indicated that gemfibrozil in the wastewater could reach groundwater following land application of the treated effluent. Soil–water distribution coefficients for gemfibrozil, determined by the batch equilibrium method, varied with organic carbon content in the soils. The sorption capacity was silt loam > sandy loam > sand. Under aerobic conditions, dissipation half-lives for gemfibrozil in sandy loam and silt loam soils were 17.8 and 20.6 days, respectively; 25.4 and 11.3% of gemfibrozil was lost through biodegradation from the two soils over 14 days. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:550–555. © 2011 SETAC
The new European Union Flavouring Regulation and its impact on essential oils: production of natural flavouring ingredients and maximum levels of restricted substances
Authors: Demyttenaere Jan C. R.
Published: December 2011

In the last years several new European Regulations and Directives have been adopted or announced in relation to flavours and fragrances. As essential oils and extracts are very important ingredients for flavouring and fragrance applications, these new regulations will have a major impact on the trade and use in commerce of these essential oils and extracts. The present paper focuses on a major piece of legislation that is of particular importance for the Flavour Industry, namely the new Flavouring Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008) that will replace the former Flavouring Directive 88/388/EEC. Especially the impact on labelling resulting from the difference between the new Flavouring Regulation and the former “Flavour Directive” will be discussed from a B2B (Business to Business) perspective. Special focus will be given to labelling of “natural flavourings” (including essential oils) and the changes in definitions (e.g. what is “natural”) in the new Flavouring Regulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles—antecedent or antidote?
Authors: Trudel Jeannie , Reio Thomas G.
Published: December 2011

The workforce of the 21st century is dealing with rapid changes and increased competition across industries. Such changes place stress on management and workers alike, increasing the potential for workplace conflict and deviant workplace behaviors, including incivility. The importance of effective conflict management in the workplace has been highlighted but, to date, conflict management and workplace incivility have not been linked in the literature. The manner in which conflict is managed affects the process and outcome of conflict. This study explores the relationship between conflict management styles and workplace incivility. Conflict management styles (integrating, accommodating, avoiding, compromising, and dominating) were assessed with the 20‐item DUTCH Test for Conflict Handling (De Dreu, Evers, Beersma, Kluwer, & Nauta, 2001). Instigator and target workplace incivility were measured using a modified version of the Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) developed by Cortina, Magley, Williams, and Langhout (2001). Employees of three midwestern companies served as participants for the study (N = 289; 48.0% female). Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that conflict management style predicted frequency of workplace incivility among instigators and targets of uncivil behavior. Thus, the manner in which conflict was managed (as determined through preferred conflict style) influenced the likelihood of uncivil behavior. The integrating and dominating styles significantly predicted both instigator and target incivility, while the accommodating, avoiding, and compromising styles did not attain statistical significance in the regression equations. Implications for HRD research and practice are explored.
Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness within Mexican and British public sector hospitals: A cross‐nation comparative analysis
Authors: Hamlin Robert G. , Ruiz Carlos E. , Wang Jia
Published: December 2011

Stephen M. Shortell, dean of the School of Public Health, distinguished professor of health policy and management, and professor of organization behavior in the Haas School of Business, University of California‐Berkeley, has argued that evidence‐based management needs to be married with evidence‐based medicine if sustainable improvement in the delivery, quality, cost, and outcomes of care are to be achieved. And this, he suggests, calls for an effective partnership between academics and practitioners to ensure that relevant practice‐grounded research is correctly translated for practicing healthcare managers to use in their day‐to‐day activities (Grazier, 2004). His call is particularly urgent due to the dearth of best evidence to support evidence‐based management in the field of medicine and healthcare.
Creativity: An Asian‐Euro‐African Perspective, edited by Ai‐Girl Tan. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. 226 pages, $56.00 (softbound), ISBN: 978‐9‐8108‐5467‐6
Authors: Reio Thomas G.
Published: December 2011

Social, cultural, economic, and political pressures emerging from operating in the context of a rapidly changing, resource limited world require creative thinking and behavior by a society's leaders, managers, professionals, and workers. Each needs to think and act creatively to solve seemingly intractable problems when tried‐and‐true methods for leading an organization, managing a business, training employees, or working on an assembly line, for example, are no longer viable in light of pressing environmental contingencies. Indeed, few would argue that the need for understanding the nature of creativity and how to foster it best throughout society has never been greater. Still, although creativity theorizing and research has increased markedly since Guilford's creativity research call in 1950, it may have been limited unnecessarily by the lack of focus on promising divergent cultural perspectives of creativity.
Construct validation of the translated version of the work–family conflict scale for use in Korea
Authors: Lim Doo Hun , Morris Michael Lane , McMillan Heather S.
Published: December 2011

Recently, the stress of work–family conflict has been a critical workplace issue for Asian countries, especially within those cultures experiencing rapid economic development. Our research purpose is to translate and establish construct validity of a Korean‐language version of the Multi‐Dimensional Work–Family Conflict (WFC) scale used in the U.S. organizational context. The significance of this study is filling the cross‐cultural gap in work–family interface studies by developing a psychometrically valid foreign (Korean) version of the WFC scale and facilitating cross‐cultural studies on work–family issues in the workplace. We performed factor analysis to uncover the underlying structure of the Korean version of the WFC scale. The results indicate that the Korean version demonstrates psychometric properties similar to the original English version of the WFC scale.
N‐isopropylacrylamide as a functional monomer for noncovalent molecular imprinting
Authors: Hien Nguyen T. , Ansell Richard J.
Published: December 2011

Although N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) has previously been used in molecular imprinting, it has mostly been considered as an ‘inert’ monomer, or included for its temperature‐responsive nature, rather than as a functional monomer responsible for the interactions with the template at the recognition site. A comparative study of NIPAM and other traditional, functional monomers for the imprinting of a hydrogen bond donor template, bisphenol A (BPA), is reported. Nuclear magnetic resonance titration data suggest that NIPAM forms a stronger complex with BPA than either acrylamide or methacrylic acid but a weaker complex than vinylpyridine. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared using each functional monomer and compared as stationary phases for the separation of BPA from structural analogues. The NIPAM‐containing MIP bound BPA with better selectivity than those prepared using acrylamide or methacrylic acid. Using NIPAM also reduces the nonspecific binding, which is found with MIPs using vinylpyridine as functional monomer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The macromolecular state of A‐kinase anchoring protein
Authors: Patel Trushar R. , Winzor Donald J.
Published: December 2011

The amendment of the interpretation of recently published size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) data for A‐kinase anchoring protein (AKAP12) on Sephacryl‐S400 has led to an increase in the estimated size of the supermolecular state from 840 to at least 6000 kDa. Although size‐exclusion chromatography has sufficed to demonstrate unequivocally the existence of this 190‐kDa scaffold protein in a supermolecular state, any quantitative estimate of the oligomer stoichiometry is shown to be precluded by failure of this empirical procedure to incorporate allowance for any deviation from globular shape—an important consideration in view of the extended structures exhibited by other extracellular matrix proteins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Multifunctional Hyaluronic acid Based Hydrogel System for Local Application on the Retina
Authors: Neffe A. T. , Kobuch K. A. , Maier M. , Feucht N. , Lohmann C. P. , Wolfstein A. , Streufert D. , Kamlage S. , Lendlein A.
Published: December 2011

Conventional treatment of retinal detachment with laser and/or triamcinolon acetonide (TAAC) does not prevent loss of vision in all patients. Therefore, the development of degradable hydrogel patches covering retinal breaks was envisioned as alternative. Stable hydrogels could be formed by crosslinking hyaluronic acid with 1,2,3,4‐diepoxybutane. Triamcinolone was diffusible in the gels. The hydrogels were slowly degrading, and mass loss during hydrolytic degradation was observed starting after three weeks. The sterilized gels showed excellent intraocular biocompatibility in vivo in rabbit eyes when applied as a patch on the retina. The good retinal adherence of the patch and absence of cellular growth and proliferation in and around the gel indicated the suitability as a material for a retinal patch to prevent cell‐migration and proliferation after a retinal break and for local drug application.
A Blend of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) and Poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐glycolide] with Remarkable Mechanical Features and Wide Applicability as Biomaterial
Authors: Wischke Christian , Löbler Marian , Neffe Axel T. , Hanh Bui Duc , Zierke Michael , Sternberg Katrin , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter , Guthoff Rudolf , Lendlein Andreas
Published: December 2011

Hydrolytic degradation of poly(ε‐caprolactone) [PCL] can be enhanced by introduction of 8 wt.% glycolide leading to poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐glycolide] (PCG), which has a low elongation at break εB of 4%. PCG/PCL blends (50/50 w/w) combined the advantageous features of its individual components such as mechanical properties similar to pure PCL (εB, Blend: 900 ± 230%; εB, PCL: 730 ± 50 at 20 °C), water uptake rates during degradation similar to pure PCG, and linear mass loss during bulk degradation independent from sample dimensions. The outcome of cytotoxicity studies was depending on the cell type with promising results, e.g., for Tenon fibroblasts. Easy processing of the blend was demonstrated by melt compression, foaming with CO2, and hot melt extrusion, suggesting a wide applicability as biomaterial, e.g., as drug carrier.
Local discontinuous Galerkin method for solving an N‐carrier system
Authors: Zhang Rongpei , Yu Xijun , Zhao Guozhong
Published: December 2011

In this article, we present local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for solving a model of energy exchanges in an N ‐carrier system with Neumann boundary conditions. This model extends the concept of the well‐known parabolic two‐step model for microheat transfer to the energy exchanges in a generalized N ‐carrier system with heat sources. The energy norm stability and error estimate of the LDG method is proved for solving N ‐carrier system. Some numerical examples are given. The numerical results when compared with the exact solution and other numerical results indicate that the present method is seen to be a very good alternative to some existing techniques for realistic problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2011
Use of liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to study the degradation pathways of terbuthylazine (TER) by Typha latifolia in constructed wetlands: identification of a new TER metabolite
Authors: Gikas Evagelos , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Bazoti Fotini N. , Zalidis Georgios , Tsarbopoulos Anthony
Published: December 2011

S‐Triazines are used worldwide as herbicides for agricultural and non‐agricultural purposes. Although terbuthylazine (TER) is the second most frequently used S‐triazine, there is limited information on its metabolism. For this reason, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI MS/MS) has been developed aiming at the identification of TER and its five major metabolites (desisopropyl‐hydroxy‐atrazine, desethyl‐hydroxy‐terbuthylazine, desisopropyl‐atrazine, hydroxy‐terbuthylazine and desethyl‐terbuthylazine) in constructed wetland water samples. The separation of TER and its major metabolites was performed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C8 column using a gradient elution of aqueous acetic acid 1% (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B), followed by MS/MS analysis on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The data‐depended analysis (DDA) scan approach has been employed and the main degradation pathways of both hydroxyl and chloro (dealkylated and alkylated) metabolites are elucidated through the tandem mass spectral (MS/MS) interpretation of triazine fragments under CID conditions. In addition, another major metabolite of TER, namely N2‐tert‐butyl‐N4‐ethyl‐6‐methoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine, has been identified. This methodology can be further employed in biodegradation studies of TER, thus assisting the assessment of its environmental impact. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of an alkali-tolerant β-mannanase from Humicola insolens Y1
Authors: Luo Huiying , Wang Kun , Huang Huoqing , Shi Pengjun , Yang Peilong , Yao Bin
Published: December 2011

In this article, we firstly report a highly alkali-tolerant fungal β-mannanase from Humicola insolens Y1. The full-length cDNA of the β-mannanase, designated as man5A, has an open reading frame of 1,233 bp that encodes a 411-amino acid polypeptide (Man5A) with a calculated molecular mass of 42.3 kDa. The deduced sequence of Man5A comprises a putative 20-residue signal peptide and a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5, and displays 61–85% identities with hypothetical proteins and 32–39% with experimentally verified fungal β-mannanases. Purified recombinant Man5A produced by Pichia pastoris has a specific activity of 1,122 U mg−1 and exhibits optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 70°C. Distinct from other reported fungal β-mannanases, Man5A is highly alkali tolerant, exhibiting 45 and 36% of the maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 9.0, respectively, and more than 10% activity even at pH 10.0. Moreover, Man5A has excellent pH stability at pH 5.0–12.0 and is highly thermostable at 50°C. The higher frequency of alkaline amino acids (Arg and Lys), greater pKa values of the catalytic residues, and more positively charged residues on the surface of Man5A might be the causes. Man5A has strong resistance to various neutral and alkaline proteases, retaining more than 97% of the activity after proteolytic treatment for 1 h. The superior characteristics of Man5A make it more advantageous for the application in the kraft pulp industry.
Pollinator response to flower color polymorphism and floral display in a plant with a single‐locus floral color polymorphism: consequences for plant reproduction
Authors: Malerba Romina , Nattero Julieta
Published: December 2011

Variation in flower color, particularly polymorphism, in which two or more different flower color phenotypes occur in the same population or species, may be affected or maintained by mechanisms that depend on pollinators. Furthermore, variation in floral display may affect pollinator response and plant reproductive success through changes in pollinator visitation and availability of compatible pollen. To asses if flower color polymorphism and floral display influences pollinator preferences and movements within and among plants and fitness‐related variables we used the self‐incompatible species Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. (Asteraceae), a model system with single‐locus flower color polymorphism that comprises three morphs: white (recessive homozygous), pink (heterozygous co‐dominate), and purple (dominant homozygous) flowers. We measured the preferences of pollinators for each morph and constancy index for each pollinator species, pollination visitation rate, floral traits, and female fitness measures. Flower color morphs differed in floral trait measures and seed production. Pollinators foraged nonrandomly with respect to flower color. The most frequent morph, the pink morph, was the most visited and pollinators exhibited the highest constancy for this morph. Moreover, this morph exhibited the highest female fitness. Pollinators responded strongly to floral display size, while probed more capitulums from plants with large total display sizes, they left a great proportion of them unvisited. Furthermore, total pollinator visitation showed a positive relation with female fitness. Results suggest that although pollinators preferred the heterozygous morph, they alternate indiscriminately among morphs making this polymorphism stable.
Functional Food Ingredients Based on Sunflower Protein Concentrates Naturally Enriched with Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Salgado Pablo R. , Molina Ortiz Sara E. , Petruccelli Silvana , Mauri Adriana N.
Published: December 2011

The functional properties of three sunflower protein concentrates having different content of phenolic compounds (mainly chlorogenic and caffeic acids) obtained from sunflower oil cake, a by‐product of the oil industry, were evaluated. Sunflower protein concentrates exhibited high water solubility and moderate water‐imbibing and water‐holding capacities. It was possible to obtain foams and emulsions of different stability at different pH and ionic strength from these protein concentrates, as well as self‐supporting gels produced by thermal induction. The presence of phenolic compounds not only conferred antioxidant activity and changed the color of protein products, but also reduced the water imbibing capacity of sunflower protein concentrates, the stability of the emulsions obtained, and the hardness of protein gels. In contrast, phenolic compounds did not modify the water holding capacity, their water solubility or their foaming properties. These results suggest that these protein products may be used as functional ingredients in the food industry.
The cytosolic domain of human Tom22 modulates human Bax mitochondrial translocation and conformation in yeast
Authors: Renault Thibaud T. , Grandier-Vazeille Xavier , Arokium Hubert , Velours Gisèle , Camougrand Nadine , Priault Muriel , Teijido Oscar , Dejean Laurent M. , Manon Stéphen
Published: December 2011

BAX
physically interacts with
TOM40
by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
Comparing the temperature dependence of FMN to heme electron transfer in full length and truncated inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins
Authors: Li Wenbing , Chen Li , Fan Weihong , Feng Changjian
Published: December 2011

The FMN‐heme interdomain (intraprotein) electron transfer (IET) kinetics in full length and oxygenase/FMN (oxyFMN) construct of human iNOS were determined by laser flash photolysis over the temperature range from 283 to 304 K. An appreciable increase in the rate constant value was observed with an increase in the temperature. Our previous viscosity study indicated that the IET process is conformationally gated, and Eyring equation was thus used to analyze the temperature dependence data. The obtained magnitude of activation entropy for the IET in the oxyFMN construct is only one‐fifth of that for the holoenzyme. This indicates that the FMN domain in the holoenzyme needs to sample more conformations before the IET takes place, and that the FMN domain in the oxyFMN construct is better poised for efficient IET.
Lifetimes of photosystem I and II proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Yao Danny C.I. , Brune Daniel C. , Vermaas Wim F.J.
Published: December 2011

The half‐life times of photosystem I and II proteins were determined using 15N‐labeling and mass spectrometry. The half‐life times (30–75 h for photosystem I components and <1–11 h for the large photosystem II proteins) were similar when proteins were isolated from monomeric vs. oligomeric complexes on Blue‐Native gels, suggesting that the two forms of both photosystems can interchange on a timescale of <1 h or that only one form of each photosystem exists in thylakoids in vivo. The half‐life times of proteins associated with either photosystem generally were unaffected by the absence of Small Cab‐like proteins.
Differential long term effects of early diisopropylfluorophosphate exposure in Balb/C and C57Bl/J6 mice
Authors: Lin Tamar , Duek Or , Dori Amir , Kofman Ora
Published: December 2011

The long‐term effect of postnatal administration of a sub‐toxic dose of the irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) on depression and anxiety behavior was compared in two strains of inbred mice. C57BL/6J and Balb/C mice were injected for 7 consecutive days with either 1 mg/kg DFP or saline on postnatal days 14–20. Mice were tested at age 3–4 months for initial and learned anxiety using double‐exposure elevated plus maze and to a novel enclosed environment. Depression was assayed using the sweet preference model of anhedonia and the forced swim test for despair. Postnatal DFP pretreatment led to less activity and more immobility in the elevated plus maze in both mouse strains in the first session. The effect was attenuated in the second session in the C57BL/6J strain but not the Balb/C strain. DFP did not affect the sweet preference or forced swim tests, suggesting a dissociation between the long‐term effects of DFP on immobility in the context of approach‐avoidance conflict (elevated plus maze) versus despair (forced swim).
Depression in children and adolescents in the first 6 months after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Max Jeffrey E. , Keatley Eva , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Bigler Erin D. , Schachar Russell J. , Saunders Ann E. , Ewing‐Cobbs Linda , Chapman Sandra B. , Dennis Maureen , Yang Tony T. , Levin Harvey S.
Published: December 2011

The objective was to assess the nature, rate, predictive factors, and neuroimaging correlates of novel (new‐onset) depressive disorders, both definite and subclinical, after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children with TBI from consecutive admissions were enrolled and studied with psychiatric interviews soon after injury (baseline), and again 6 months post‐injury. Novel definite/subclinical depressive disorders at 6‐month follow up occurred in 11% (n = 15) of the children and subsets of children with non‐anxious depression (n = 9) and anxious depression (n = 6) were identified. Novel definite/subclinical depressive disorder was significantly associated with older age at the time of injury, family history of anxiety disorder, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) lesions, and right frontal white matter lesions. Non‐anxious depressions were associated with older age at injury, left IFG and left temporal pole lesions. Anxious depressions were associated with family history of anxiety disorder, Personality Change due to TBI, right frontal white matter lesions, and left parietal lesions. These findings, which are similar to those reported after adult TBI, identify both similarities and differences in non‐anxious and anxious depression following childhood TBI with respect to lesion laterality, genetic factors (in the form of family psychiatric history of anxiety disorder), age at injury, and more generalized affective dysregulation.
Induction of neural differentiation by the transcription factor NeuroD2
Authors: Messmer Kirsten , Shen Wei‐Bin , Remington Mary , Fishman Paul S.
Published: December 2011

Pro‐neural basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in many aspects of normal neuronal development, and over‐expression of genes for several of these factors has been shown to induce aspects of neuronal differentiation in cell lines and stem cells. Here we show that over‐expression of NeuroD2 (ND2), Neurogenin1 and 2 leads to morphological differentiation of N18‐RE‐105 neuroblastoma cells and increased expression of synaptic proteins. Particularly ND2 induced neurite formation and increases in the expression of synaptic proteins such as synaptotagmin, that is not expressed normally in this cell type, as well as the redistribution of another synaptic protein, SNAP25, to a cell membrane location. Infection of human neural progenitor cells using adeno associated viral (AAV) vectors also promoted neuronal differentiation. Over‐expressing cells demonstrated a significant increase in the neuron specific form of tubulin as well as increased expression of synaptotagmin. Genetic modification of neural progenitor cell with bHLH factors such as ND2 may be a viable strategy to enhance differentiation of these cells into replacement neurons for human disease.
A Voyage in the 'Sunbeam'
Authors: Brassey Annie
Published: December 2011

Annie, Lady Brassey (1839–1887) was an English travel writer and philanthropist best known for her vivid accounts of ocean journeys undertaken with her family. Her husband was a Civil Lord of the Admiralty who made many ocean voyages by steam yacht to test this new technology. Annie Brassey's description of these travels led to her becoming a best-selling author. This volume, first published in 1878, contains her lively and detailed account of her family's circumnavigation in the Sunbeam, the first circumnavigation of the world by a steam yacht. Written in the form of a diary and based on letters sent to her father, this volume mixes exotic descriptions with lively accounts of domestic life on board, and was immensely popular. The book illustrates the attitudes of middle-class Victorians to exotic locations and cultures. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=brasan
Fossil Plants
Authors: Seward A. C.
Published: December 2011

A. C. Seward (1863–1941) was an eminent English geologist and botanist who pioneered the study of palaeobotany. After graduating from St John's College, Cambridge, in 1886 Seward was appointed a University Lecturer in Botany in 1890. In 1898 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and was appointed Professor of Botany in 1906. These volumes, published to great acclaim between 1898 and 1919, provide a detailed discussion and study of an emerging science. In the early nineteenth century, research and critical literature concerning palaeobotany was scattered across disciplines. In these volumes Seward synthesised and revised this research and also included a substantial amount of new material. Furnished with concise descriptions of fossil plants, detailed figures and extensive bibliographies these volumes became the standard reference for palaeobotany well into the twentieth century. Volume 4, first published in 1919, contains systematic descriptions of fossil ginkgoales and coniferales.
Keepers of the City
Authors: Lunenfeld Marvin
Published: December 2011

The corregidores were Castilian royal officials who functioned as mayors and superior judges in the provinces, cities, towns, and villages they were sent to oversee. At the head of urban militias they took part in the War of Succession and the Granada War. The corregidores thus had significant dealings with the peasantry, urban masses, the merchants, the nobles, the aristocracy, the officials of the Inquisition. Through its study of their many varied duties, this book offers a panoramic view of Castile during the late medieval and Renaissance eras. Despite their importance, a major study has never before been devoted entirely to their activities during the reign. This study also incorporates a major effort at periodisation of Isabella's reign, the first attempted in modern times. Overall, the book offers a tripartite dissection of the queen's career in power and an assessment of the differing states of the operations of corregidores over her three decades.
A Description of Active and Extinct Volcanos, of Earthquakes, and of Thermal Springs
Authors: Daubeny Charles
Published: December 2011

Charles Daubeny (1795–1867) first published Active and Extinct Volcanos in 1826. This reissue is of the second, augmented edition of 1848, which the author explains was significantly updated in the light of the work of Charles Darwin. Part I contains geological descriptions of most of the world's known volcanos, arranged by region, many of them based on Daubeny's own observations. Part II contains descriptions of earthquake-prone regions, thermal springs, and thermal waters. In Part III Daubeny introduces his influential theory of the causes of volcanic action, proposing that it results from contact between water and metals beneath the earth's surface. He also discusses the factors that give volcanos particular characteristics, and the impact of volcanos on their environments. This pioneering work of Victorian geology provided the scientific community with some of the first descriptions and data sets on previously unstudied volcanic regions, and is still referred to today.
Letters of John Adams Addressed to his Wife
Authors: Adams John
Published: December 2011

American statesman John Adams (1735–1826) was a key player in the early days of the American Revolution, and the second President of the United States (1797–1801). He was involved in drafting the 1776 Declaration of Independence, and as a Congress representative in Europe negotiated peace with Great Britain. First published in 1841, this two-volume book brings together the letters Adams wrote to his wife Abigail between 1774 and 1801. Spanning twenty-five years crucial to the creation and development of the United States as a nation, these letters reveal Adams' reactions to world events and his political views, as well as his daily life and concern for his family. Edited by Adams' grandson, the letters were largely left in their original form, in order to preserve the vitality and character of Adams' style. Volume 1 covers the early years of Adams' political career, from 1774 to 1777.
The Life of Benjamin Franklin, Written by Himself
Authors: Franklin Benjamin
Published: December 2011

Benjamin Franklin (1706–90) is best known as an American revolutionary politician, but he also excelled as a printer, journalist and natural philosopher despite having little formal education. As a statesman, he was the only person to sign all three major documents of American statehood: the Declaration of Independence, the peace treaty with Britain, and the United States constitution. This three-volume set, first published in 1874, was compiled from Franklin's autobiography (covering the period up to 1857) and autobiographical passages from correspondence and other writings. Using Franklin's own words, it tells his remarkable story, which is integral to the political history of America. Franklin's account of self-discipline and motivation remains one of the most popular autobiographies of all time. Volume 1 of Franklin's Life contains his original autobiography, and also describes his experiments with lightning conductors, his opposition to the Stamp Act, and his examination before the House of Commons.
From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches
Authors: Kipling Rudyard
Published: December 2011

First published in book form in 1899, and reissued here in the 1928 Macmillan edition, this two-volume collection contains a series of letters and travel reports originally written for newspapers by the young Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) on his journeys around India, Burma, China, Japan and the United States between 1887 and 1889. The 1907 Nobel Prize winner's characteristic fluid writing style is already apparent in these funny, poignant and vivid articles and short stories. Providing revealing insights into Kipling's notions of imperialism and Englishness, the works also reflect the writer's keen observational powers, and a telling intelligent self-awareness of his own cultural prejudices. Volume 2 contains the remainder of From Sea to Sea, covering the American west coast, Salt Lake City and Chicago, and describing an encounter with Mark Twain as 'a moment to be remembered.' This is followed by several short stories including The City of Dreadful Night.
Comparison of femtosecond laser-driven proton acceleration using nanometer and micrometer thick target foils
Authors: Schnürer M. , Andreev A.A. , Steinke S. , Sokollik T. , Paasch-Colberg T. , Nickles P.V. , Henig A. , Jung D. , Kiefer D. , Hörlein R. , Schreiber J. , Tajima T. , Habs D. , Sandner W.
Published: December 2011

Advancement of ion acceleration by intense laser pulses is studied with ultra-thin nanometer-thick diamond like carbon and micrometer-thick Titanium target foils. Both investigations aim at optimizing the electron density distribution which is the key for efficient laser driven ion acceleration. While recently found maximum ion energies achieved with ultra-thin foils mark record values micrometer thick foils are flexible in terms of atomic constituents. Electron recirculation is one prerequisite for the validity of a very simple model that can approximate the dependence of ion energies of nanometer-thick targets when all electrons of the irradiated target area interact coherently with the laser pulse and Coherent Acceleration of Ions by Laser pulses (CAIL) becomes dominant. Complementary experiments, an analytical model and particle in cell computer simulations show, that with regard to ultra-short laser pulses (duration ~45 fs at intensities up to 5 × 1019 W/cm2) and a micrometer-thick target foil with higher atomic number a close to linear increase of ion energies manifests in a certain range of laser intensities.
U.S. Government Burdens on the Exercise of Traditional Religions: Two Cases Provide Conflicting Interpretations
Authors: King Thomas F.
Published: December 2011

Two court decisions highlight divergent opinions as to what constitutes a “substantial burden” on the practice of traditional indigenous religions in the United States. One decision, in the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, effectively defines the term in such a way as to discriminate against indigenous religious practices; the other, by a district court in the 10th Circuit based on other holdings by that circuit court, gives much more latitude for protecting such practices and the landscapes they often involve.
Ultrasound Assessment of Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Is Not a Valid Measure of Preload Changes During Triggered Positive Pressure Ventilation: A Controlled Cross-Over Study
Authors: Juhl-Olsen P. , Frederiksen C. , Sloth E.
Published: December 2011

Ziel: Die respiratorischen Veränderungen im Durchmesser der Vena cava inferior (IVC) wurden durch Messung des Volumenstatus und der Vorlastreagilibität während der Spontanatmung und maschinellen Beatmung bewertet. Allerdings erhalten viele Intensivpatienten eine getriggerte Überdruckbeatmung (PPV). Bei dieser Anwendung gibt es keinen Beweis dafür, dass die „Collapsibility“ der IVC (IVCc) als Ersatz für die Vorlast dient. Unser Ziel war es zu klären, welche Auswirkungen die stufenweise Erhöhung der getriggerten PPV und die unterschiedlichen Vorlast-Bedingungen auf die IVCc haben.

Material und Methoden: 10 gesunde Freiwillige wurden an ein Beatmungsgerät mit festsitzender Maske angeschlossen und nach der Basismessung drei verschiedenen Stufen des positiven endexspiratorischen Drucks (PEEP) und der Druckunterstützung (Pressure support, PS) ausgesetzt. Alle Einstellungen des Beatmungsgeräts wurden bei neutraler Vorlast (Horizontalposition), niedriger Vorlast (reverse Trendelenburg-Lage) und hoher Vorlast (Trendelenburg-Lage mit intravenöser Flüssigkeits-Bolusinjektion) durchgeführt. Bei jeder Einstellung des Beatmungsgeräts wurde die IVC während mindestens einem respiratorischen Zyklus durch drei häufig benutzte Ultraschallmethoden dargestellt, darunter der sagittale M-Modus und die 2D-Echokardiografie sowohl in Sagittal- als auch in Transversalansicht.

Ergebnisse: Bei ansteigender PS verminderte sich die IVCc (p = 0,01) in der reversen Trendelenburg-Lage, steigender PEEP verursachte eine höhere IVCc in der Trendelenburg-Lage (p = 0,02). In Horizontalposition wurden keine signifikanten Auswirkungen einer steigenden PS, PEEP oder einer Kombination aus beiden beobachtet. Insgesamt zeigte die ANOVA Analyse, dass die IVCc nicht unabhängig von der Vorlast ist. Unter PPV war die IVCc bei neutraler Vorlast mit den meisten Einstellungen des Beatmungsgeräts am höchsten, die IVCc war bei niedriger Vorlast am niedrigsten, während eine hohe Vorlast in der Regel die ICVc zwischen neutraler und hoher Vorlast ermöglichte. Darüber hinaus überschätzte der sagittale M-Mode und die transversale 2D-Echokardiografie die IVCc im Vergleich zur sagittalen 2D-Echokardiografie.

Schlussfolgerung: Die erhobenen Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass die IVCc nicht als gültiger Parameter für den Vorlaststatus während der PPV angesehen werden kann. Das könnte durch die systematischen Veränderungen der anderen IVCc-Einflussgrößen erklärt werden. Der Vergleich der Methoden ermutigt dazu, die sagittale 2D-Echokardiografie zur dynamischen Darstellung der IVC einzusetzen. Im Vergleich zur sagittalen 2D-Echokardiografie überschätzen der sagittale M-Mode und die transversale 2D-Echokardiografie die IVCc.
Three-Dimensional Volumetric Spatially Angle-Corrected Pixelwise Fetal Flow Volume Measurement
Authors: Scholbach T. , Stolle J. , Scholbach J.
Published: December 2011

Purpose: Early attempts to calculate fetal global perfusion used 2 D images. The results were not sufficiently reliable. That‘s why RI measurements are still in use despite the fact that they do not reflect the amount of blood passing through the fetus. We present a novel three-dimensional approach to overcome these limitations.

Materials and Methods: In 124 singleton pregnancies between the 23rd and 4st gestational week, a three-dimensional color Doppler sonographic record of the umbilical cord was made, resulting in 281 volume data sets. With dedicated software (PixelFlux) the spatial angle of the umbilical vein was calculated and the true global fetal perfusion was calculated from its horizontal transection as the product of the area of all pixels and the spatial angle-corrected velocity. To validate the PixelFlux technique, phantom flow measurements were carried out.

Results: Phantom flow measurements revealed a highly significant correlation of actual flow volumes and those measured by the PixelFlux technique (p < 0.001; rPearson = 0.987 – 0.991) with an even higher interobserver correlation (p < 0.001; rPearson = 0.997). We found a significant correlation of fetal volume flow to gestational age and weight (r = 0.529 at spatial angles below 30° to r = 0.724 at spatial angles below 5°) and a significant influence of the spatial angle on this correlation (p = 0.003; r = – 0.865).

Conclusion: Spatial angle-corrected global fetal perfusion measurement improves existing approaches to fetal perfusion evaluation, and is feasible, simple and fast. Thus, it can be recommended to explore the relationship of fetal perfusion and disturbances of fetal development.
Mesenteric Transit Time Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Does Not Correlate with Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Goertz R. , Heide R. , Bernatik T. , Waldner M. , Mudter J. , Neurath M. , Strobel D.
Published: December 2011

Purpose: Evaluation of mesenteric transit time (MTT) – measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasound – as a marker for inflammatory activity in Crohn’s disease.

Materials and Methods: The time of maximum enhancement of the contrast agent in the superior mesenteric artery and vein was determined visually and by software analysis. The MTT was calculated as the difference between these two time points. Findings were correlated with the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). In addition, a healthy control group was evaluated both in the fasting state and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours postprandially.

Results: In 20 healthy controls the mean visual MTT during fasting was 9.76 ± 2.83 sec and decreased to a minimum 1 hour after the meal (6.6 ± 2.27 sec). 45 patients with Crohn’s disease (9 males, 36 females, mean age 35 years) had a mean HBI of 5.9 ± 4.7 points. The mean software-based MTT of 9.76 ± 3.7 sec was significantly higher (p = 0.034) than the mean visual MTT of 8.22 ± 3.05 sec. The two figures correlated well (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). The HBI correlated neither with the visual (r = 0.14, p = 0.371) nor with the software-based (r = 0.16, p = 0.293) MTT.

Conclusion: The MTT decreases in the first two hours after eating. The visually assessed and the software-based MTT correlate well, however MTT does not correlate with disease activity in patients with Crohn‘s disease.
On scattering cross sections and durations near an isolated compound-resonance, distorted by the non-resonant background, in the center-of-mass and laboratory systems
Authors: Olkhovsky V. S. , Dolinska M. E. , Omelchenko S. A.
Published: December 2011

Usually the appearance of time advance (due to distortion by the non-resonant background) instead of the expected time delay in the region of compound-nucleus resonances was investigated in the center-of-mass (C-) system. Here at the same conditions we study the cross section and duration of the nucleon-nucleus scattering in the laboratory (L-) system. We show that in the L-system only the trivial time delay is observed.
Colossal enhancement in thermoelectric efficiency of weakly coupled double quantum dot system
Authors: Rajput Gagan , Sharma K. C.
Published: December 2011

A colossal enhancement in thermoelectric efficiency, ZT, of coupled double quantum dot (DQD) system in series configuration, have been predicted in the Coulomb blockade regime for a non-magnetic case, as a result of very weak interdot tunnel coupling and highly asymmetric dot-lead couplings using Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function approach. Such an enhancement (which leads to saturation in the extreme case) of ZT as a result of tuning of coupling parameters is understood in terms of bipolar effect. These findings suggest that highly asymmetric DQD system, with very weak interdot tunnel coupling can be used to design more efficient thermoelectric devices.