bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Development of Colon Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Yuan Lebin , Cheng Fei , Wu Zao , li Xiaodong , Xia Weiyang , Li Zhigang , Mao Shengping , Huang Zeyu , Shen Wei
Published: March 2022

Colon cancer (COAD) stem cells are resistant to cancer treatment, so they are easy to lead to tumor progression after routine treatment failure. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of cancer cells. The purpose of our study is to identify differential gene modules and representative candidate biomarkers for the clinical prognosis of patients, help to predict the prognosis and reveal the mechanism of cancer progression. In our study, based on the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD database and gene expression profiles of GSE44076 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the differentially co-expressed genes in COAD and normal tissues were explored. Combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis, 451 differential co-expression genes were screened out. As shown by functional annotation analysis using R clusterProfiler software package, these genes are mainly enriched in lipid catabolic process (biological process), cell apical part (cellular component) and phosphate hydrolase activity (molecular function). In addition, in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, 20 hub genes (ACAA2, FABP1, ACOX1, EHHADH, CPT2, ACADS, CPT1A, MT1G, MT1E, MT1X, MT1H, PPARGC1A, ACSS2, MT2A, MT1F, CRAT, UGT2B17, B3GNT6, and MUC4) were identified using Cytoscape's CytoHubba plug-in. The expression of 20 hub genes was down regulated in colon cancer compared with normal control group. Based on survival analysis, lower expression of CPT1A and B3GNT6 was associated with better overall survival (OS) and lower expression of ACADS and CPT2 was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in cancer patients. Finally, we verified the protein levels of CPT1A and B3GNT6 through HPA database, which was consistent with the mRNA level in colon cancer samples. Also, TIMER and CIBERSORT database showed that there was a great correlation between CPT1A and B3GNT6 gene expression and immune infiltrating cells in tumor progression. In conclusion, our study shows that two survival related genes are highly correlated with the development of colon cancer. Therefore, CPT1A and B3GNT6 can play an important role in the progression of colon cancer and serve as potential biomarkers for future diagnosis and treatment.
Low Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Status and Bone Mineral Density are Important Risk Factors for Adjacent Segment Disease After Lumbar Fusion—A Case–Control Study
Authors: Gong Zhaoyang , Li Dachuan , Zou Fei , Liu siyang , Wang Hongli , Ma xiaosheng
Published: March 2022

Background
The quantity and quality of the paraspinal muscles are important factors that lead to spinal diseases. However, the role of paraspinal muscles in the pathogenesis of adjacent segment disease (ASD) after lumbar fusion surgery is rarely studied. The purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between paraspinal muscles and ASD.
Methods
33 patients with ASD were included, and 33 controls without ASD were matched according to the basic demographic information. Cross-sectional images of the paraspinal muscles at each intervertebral disc level (L1-S1) before the first operation were analyzed, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) and degree of fat infiltration (FI) of the multifidus (MF) muscle and the erector spinae (ES) muscle were compared.
Results
There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics (P > 0.05) except for the bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) between the two groups. There were significant differences in the CSA and FI of the lower lumbar multifidus (P < 0.05). The CSA of the MF muscle at L3-L4, FI of the MF muscle at L4-L5 and L5-S1, and BMD were independent risk factors for ASD. Among patients who received two-segment fusion for the first time, significant difference was observed in the degree of FI of the MF muscle in the lower lumbar segment (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The CSA, FI and BMD of the lower lumbar MF muscle are closely related to the occurrence of ASD. The CSA of the MF muscle at L3-L4, the degree of FI of the MF muscle at L4-L5 and L5-S1, and BMD were independent risk factors for ASD. The number of fusion segments in the first operation has a certain impact on the abovementioned conclusions.
The Tissue-Resident Marker CD103 on Peripheral Blood T Cells Predicts Responses to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nose Yohei , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kei , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kawashima Atsunari , Haruna Miya , Hirata Michinari , Ueyama Azumi , Iwahori Kota , Kurokawa Yukinori , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Wada Hisashi
Published: March 2022

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. Since clinical benefits are limited to a subset of patients, we aimed to identify peripheral blood biomarkers that predict the efficacy of the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody (nivolumab) in patients with gastric cancer.
Methods
We collected peripheral blood samples from gastric cancer patients (n = 29) before and after treatment with nivolumab and investigated the relationship between the frequency of the surface or intracellular markers among nivolumab-binding PD-1+CD8+ T cells and treatment responses using multicolor flow cytometry. The tumors, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy following nivolumab treatment were collected, and nivolumab-binding PD-1+CD8+ T cells in these tissue samples were characterized.
Results
Patients with a high frequency of CD103 among PD-1+CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood 2 weeks after the start of treatment had significantly better progression-free survival than the low group (P = 0.032). This CD103+PD-1+CD8+ T cell population mainly consisted of central memory T cells, showing the high expression of Ki-67 and few cytotoxic granules. Whereas, effector memory T cells were more frequently observed among CD103+PD-1+CD8+ T cells in tumors, which implied a change in the differentiated status of central memory T cells in lymph nodes and peripheral blood to effector memory T cells in tumors during the treatment with ICIs.
Conclusions
A high frequency of CD103 among PD-1+CD8+ T cells 2 weeks after nivolumab treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer may be a useful biomarker for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Language Impairment in the Genetic Forms of Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Samra Kiran , MacDougall Amy M , Bouzigues Arabella , Bocchetta Martina , Cash David M. , Greaves Caroline V. , Convery Rhian S. , Swieten John C. van , Jiskoot Lize , Moreno Fermin , Sanchez-Valle Raquel , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Carmela , Rowe James B. , Borroni Barbara , Finger Elizabeth , Synofzik Matthis , Otto Markus , Sorbi Sandro , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Russell Lucy L , Galimberti Daniela , Vandenberge Rik , de Mendonça Alexandre , Butler Chris R , Gerhard Alexander , Ducharme Simon , Ber Isabelle Le , Tiraboschi Pietro , Santana Isabel , Pasquier Florence , Levin Johannes
Published: March 2022

Background
Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterised by a progressive change in personality in association with atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes. Whilst language impairment has been described in people with bvFTD, little is currently known about the extent or type of linguistic difficulties that occur, particularly in the genetic forms.
Methods
Participants with genetic bvFTD along with healthy controls were recruited from the international multicentre Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) study. Linguistic symptoms were assessed using items from the Progressive Aphasia Severity Scale (PASS). Additionally, participants undertook the Boston Naming Test (BNT), modified Camel and Cactus Test (mCCT) and a test of category fluency. Participants also underwent a 3T volumetric T1-weighted MRI, with language network regional brain volumes measured and compared between the genetic groups and controls.
Results
76% of the genetic bvFTD cohort had impairment in at least one language symptom: 83% C9orf72, 80% MAPT and 56% GRN mutation carriers. All three genetic groups had significantly impaired functional communication, decreased fluency, and impaired sentence comprehension. C9orf72 mutation carriers also had significantly impaired articulation and word retrieval as well as dysgraphia whilst the MAPT mutation group also had impaired word retrieval and single word comprehension. All three groups had difficulties with naming, semantic knowledge and verbal fluency. Atrophy in key left perisylvian language regions differed between the groups, with more generalized involvement in the C9orf72 group and more focal temporal and insula involvement in the other groups. Correlates of language symptoms and test scores also differed between the groups.
Conclusions
Language deficits exist in a substantial proportion of people with familial bvFTD across all three genetic groups. Significant atrophy is seen in the dominant perisylvian language areas and correlates with language impairments within each of the genetic groups. Improved understanding of the language phenotype in the main genetic bvFTD subtypes will be helpful in future studies, particularly in clinical trials where accurate stratification and monitoring of disease progression is required.
Compliance to Complementary Feeding Guidelines In A Tertiary Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya.
Authors: Njeru Catherine Muthoni , Mbuba Caroline Kathomi , Ngugi Anthony , Limbe Mary Slessor
Published: March 2022

Background:Appropriate complementary feeding is a practice with great potential for reduction of nutrition-related diseases and mortalities in children. However, uptake of the recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) infant and young child feeding practices in Kenya remains low. Most previous studies have been done in rural or urban poor populations hence the need to provide practical guidelines for the complementary feeding period in a typical middle-class urban setting. This study investigated complementary feeding practices by caregivers of infants and young children on follow up at Aga Khan University Hospital-Nairobi (AKUH-N) well-baby clinic and the factors influencing compliance with the WHO guidelines. Methods:A total of 290 caregivers of infants and young children aged between nine and twenty-four months were interviewed using a questionnaire. This questionnaire was adapted from that provided in the WHO Indicators for assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices measurements booklet (1). Out of 290 participants, 21 were purposively sampled to participate in a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data while descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used for quantitative data. A convergent parallel design was used to integrate the qualitative and quantitative data. Results:Out of 290 caregivers interviewed, 125 (43.1%) complied with WHO complementary feeding guidelines. Factors that significantly affected complementary feeding practices included education level of the caregiver, access to information, support from healthcare workers and fear of allergic reactions. Conclusions:Full compliance to WHO complementary feeding guidelines remained below 50%. Some of the factors positively associated with compliance with complementary feeding guidelines included access to multiple sources of information, and support from health workers and family members. Lack of tertiary education of the caregiver, absence of specific and practical guidelines, resource constraints and fear of allergies were found to negatively impact compliance with complementary feeding guidelines.
Tonic down-rolling and eccentric down-positioning of eyes under general anaesthesia without non-depolarising muscle relaxant
Authors: Chaurasia Shweta , Soni Shiv Lal , Ganesh Venkata , Ram Jagat , Sukhija Jaspreet , Swati  , Takkar Aastha
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To describe and analyze the relationship between the downward eccentric eye movement/positioning encountered in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries under general anesthesia (GA) with fluctuation in the depth of anesthesia (DOA) Design: observational case-seriesMethods. Patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries under GA without non-depolarizing muscle relaxant (NDMR) between January2018-August2021 who witnessed a sudden tonic downward movement of eyes were included. DOA at the time of eccentric movement were noted in terms of MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) with/without BIS (bispectral index).Results. A total of 12/249 patients (14 events) were enrolled in this study with a median (IQR) age of 1.05years (0.8-1.57). All cases were performed with sevoflurane as an inducing agent. Downward movement /down-positioning of eyes was seen before the start of surgery in 7, during surgery in 6, and end of surgery in 1 case. It was preceded by an eccentric upward drift of eyes in 6 cases. A strong negative correlation was seen between DOA and eccentric eye position (r=-0.77, p=0.000). Median (IQR) MAC and eye position/score in 14 events at the time of eccentric down-rolling was 1.55(1.40-1.83) and -3(-4 to -2.0) respectively while median (IQR) MAC at the time of centralized position was 1.25(1.18-1.40). BIS values were inconclusive in 2 cases but corroborated elevated and downward eye positions with lighter and deeper DOA respectively in 2 cases. Conclusions. Tonic-down-rolling/downward eccentric positioning of eyes is not an uncommon entity in children under GA without NDMR, and fluctuations in DOA should be avoided to circumvent inadvertent complications during ocular surgery.
Microplastics pollution studies in India: a recent review of sources, abundances and research perspectives - a comparison with global research
Authors: Perumal Karthikeyan , Muthuramalingam Subagunasekar
Published: March 2022

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous, persistent pollutants reported in abundance in all environments and biota. The main objective of this review is to identify the sources, distribution, and concentration of microplastics in all aquatic environments and biota in India. It is one of the least studied, with only 45 papers published on microplastics during 2013–2020 in the web of science. To define the concentration of microplastics in different aquatic environments such as 3096 items/kg in marine sediments, 106 items/kg in biota, 59 items/L in seawater, 175 items/kg in sea salt, 33.9 items/L in lake water, 336 items/kg in lake sediments, 288 pieces/m3 in river water, and 328 items/kg in river sediments. Hence we investigated MPs pollution in coastal and freshwater ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, and biota. However, knowing that many aquatic habitats and species were unexplored, we recommend extending investigations in all of the following areas. To reduce plastic consumption and its eventual threat to aquatic ecosystems, researchers should assess studies in each of these ways. Enforcing severe regulations, enhancing legal activities, well-planned comprehensive waste management plans, and spontaneous public engagement are also required to prevent land-based plastic pollution.
Survival of eight LLIN brands 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after a mass distribution campaign in rural and urban settings in Senegal
Authors: DIOUF Mbaye , FAYE Babacar Thiendella , DIOUF El hadji , DIA Abdoulaye Kane , KONATE Abdoulaye , FALL Fatou Ba , SENE Doudou , DIOUF Mame Birame , GADIAGA Libasse , KONATE Lassana , DIONE Demba Anta , TINE Roger Clément , FAYE Ousmane
Published: March 2022

Background: Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are one of the core components of global malaria prevention and control. The lifespan of LLIN varies widely depending on the population or environment, and randomized studies are required to compare LLIN in households under different field conditions. This study investigated survival of different LLIN brands in Senegal.Methods: 10,608 LLINs were distributed in five regions, each stratified by rural and urban setting. As part of the longitudinal follow-up, 2,222 nets were randomly sampled and monitored from 6 to 36 months. Using random effects for households, Bayesian models were used to estimate independent survival by net type (Interceptor®, Life Net®, MAGNet™, Netprotect®, Olyset® Net, PermaNet® 2.0 R, PermaNet® 2.0 C, Yorkool® LN) and by area (rural/urban). In addition to survival, median survival time and attrition of each LLIN brand was determined. Attrition was defined as nets that were missing because they were reported given away, destroyed and thrown away, or repurposed. Results: Three net types had a proportion of survival above 80% after 24 months: Interceptor®87.8% (95% CI 80-93.4); conical PermaNet® 2.0 86.9% (95% CI 79.3-92.4) and Life Net® 85.6% (95% CI 75-93). At 36 months, conical PermaNet® 2.0 maintained a good survival rate, 79.5% (95% CI 65.9-88.8). The attrition due to redistributed nets showed that the two conical net types (PermaNet® 2.0 and Interceptor®) were more often retained by households and their median retention time was well above three years (median survival time =3.5 years for PermaNet® 2.0 and median survival time =4 years for Interceptor®). Despite this good retention, Interceptor® had weak physical integrity and its median survival due to wear and tear was below three years (median survival time = 2.4 years). The odds ratio of survival was 2.5 times higher in rural settings than in urban settings (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7-3.7). Conclusions: Differences in survival among LLIN may be driven by brand, shape or environmental setting. In this study in Senegal, conical PermaNet® 2.0 were retained in households while rectangular PermaNet® 2.0 had lower retention, suggesting that net shape may play a role in retention and should be further investigated. Distribution of preferred LLIN shape, accompanied by good communication on care and repair, could lead to increased effective lifespan, and allow for longer intervals between universal coverage campaigns.
Experimental Research on the Performance of a Novel Geo- filament Anchor for an Earthen Architectural Site
Authors: Yulan Wang , Jian Guo , weixi Zhang , Fan Lei
Published: March 2022

An efficient anchoring method, explicitly developed for small sliders, has hitherto been missing in the practice of earthen architecture conservation. Furthermore, anchorage performance studies conducted so far, have failed to fully take into account the soil characteristics of certain targets. To address these concerns, the conservation project conceived for the Gaochang Ruins, Turpan, in China, was selected as the experiment ground to design a novel Geotechnical Filament Anchor (GFA) for reinforcing small sliders in the earthen historical ramparts. In-situ experiments were conducted for evaluating six parameters—anchorage length (L), GF thickness (H), bore diameter (D), slurry strength (S), GFA surface status (R), and inclination angle (A). These parameters were varied in order to determine the effect they produce on anchorage performance, as demonstrated by the indicators, including tensile strength, destruction mode, load displacement (P-S) relation, and strain (ζ-L) distribution characteristics of the novel GFA. Data acquired from the experiments, in combination with the conservation specifics of earthen architectural sites, anchorage performance, and safety reserve, were further employed to introduce a calculation formula for computing the designed force value (N) through L. A simplified model depicting the shear stress distribution of the anchorage system under N was devised by extracting the strain distribution data with respect to the GF-slurry interface. Taking into account the soil properties of the above-mentioned site, the shear stress diffusion coefficient (α) was conceptualized, the formula for the shear strength of the grouting material was devised, and the tolerable ranges of L, D, H, R, and S were determined. A new design idea is proposed for the application of anchorage technology in earthen ruins in combination with the characteristics of cultural relics protection, which certainly promotes the formation of its design concept and calculation method.
Evaluation of Supervised machine learning classifiers for detecting the degrees of possibility of Coronavirus disease infection
Authors: Rammal Abbas , Yammine Elie , Fahs Walid , Khatoun Rida
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 virus spread from China throughout the world, causing out of control challenges to the public health community. During the epidemic, it is difficult to act against infectious disease due to its unknown trends, so the spread prediction becomes difficult in light of the scarce data. With the absence of treatment for COVID-19 infection, countries have taken some mitigation steps and policies, such as general lockdown and social distance measures, but there has been variation in the extent of viral spread due to several additional factors. Prediction methods based on Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can help in suggesting new policies or even assessing the effectiveness of the existing ones. Such methods have attracted wide attention from researchers implementing statistical modeling and machine learning methods. The objective of this study is to examine different supervised classification approaches to detect the degrees of possibility of Coronavirus disease infection in different countries. Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NBC), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network classification (ANN) are machine learning algorithms used for the prediction of coronavirus disease cases according to the time of their evolution while considering data collected from official reports and scientific journals. Since we collected mixed data, we suggested to also apply the supervised classifiers available for mixed data, such as Extended Gamma (EG) and Naive Associative Classifier (NAC). The results showed that ANN and DTC supervised algorithms allow better discrimination between the degrees of possibility of Coronavirus disease infection among advanced methods like NBC, SVM, NAC, EG and LDA.
Laparoscopic removal of twisted necrotic pedunculate vascular malformation of the ascending colon in a 14-year-old boy
Authors: Sokolov Yu. Yu. , Stonogin S. V. , Korovin S. A. , Bibikova E. E. , Dzyadchik A. V. , Tashirova E. A. , Omarova Zh. R.
Published: March 2022

Lymphatic malformations are benign neoplasms that form as a result of impaired formation of embryonic lymphatic sacs during embryogenesis. Lymphangiomas and lymphgemangiomas (visceral forms) rarely develop in the intra-abdomen, such localization does not exceed 8–15% of all observed lymphangiomas in children. Among the visceral forms are more common the forms that involve intestines, mesentery, spleen, omentum, liver in the pathological process, less often - the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the mediastinum, and retroperitoneal tissue. The clinical presentation of lymphatic malformations is multivaried and depends on their localization, the patient age, and the development of complications. In case of complications, the clinic manifestation of “acute abdomen” requires emergency surgical intervention, during which the diagnosis and scope of surgical treatment are specified. a 14-year-old boy was admitted to the department of infectious diseases with complaints of fever, weakness, abdominal pain, sore throat and loose stools. Previously, the patient had complaints of abdominal pain for a year; ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity was performed repeatedly, in which no pathological changes were detected. The patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy; During the revision of the abdominal cavity, a space-occupying lesion emerging from the mesentery of the ascending colon and twisted around the vascular pedicle by 3 turns was revealed. Education removed. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphatic-venous malformation. No signs of malignancy of lymphatic malformations are described in the literature. However, though lymphatic malformations are benign in nature, they tend to have an infiltrative growth pattern, often relapse, and sometimes become infected. The available literature doesn’t provide a proper description and analysis of the results of treatment of intra-abdominal lymphatic malformations using endovideo technologies. Transabdominal access provides the best exposure of the complete surgical field, freedom of movement and clarity of anatomical landmarks. The main advantages over open abdominal surgery are minimal trauma to the anterior abdominal wall and rapid rehabilitation of patients.
Performance of the correlation relationships of structural changes in the brain during pneumonia in infants
Authors: Dilmuradova K. R.
Published: March 2022

Introduction.Pneumonia remains an acute problem not only in pulmonology, but also in pediatrics in general. The prognosis of neonatal pneumonia depends on the perinatal period course. In this case, the predictor of risk is the state of the brain, the main organ that regulates the whole organism’s work. The most available method for brain condition’ assessing in children of the first year of life is neurosonography. The ability of the brain to restore impaired functions is very high during infancy. Early diagnosis and treatment of the correlation relationships’ violations of brain structures in pneumonia of newborns will help prevent an unfavorable outcome of the disease.Aim. Тo study the features of the correlation relationships of structural changes of the brain in pneumonia in infants.Materials and methods. Neurosonographic study was carried out at 57 children: with pneumonia without concomitant diseases (17 children – group 1), against the background of: perinatal lesions of the nervous system (group 17 – 2), jaundice (group 16 – 3), congenital heart defects (group 7 – 4) with SonoScape 1000 apparatus. Neurosonography and echocardiography were performed with a sector transducer with a frequency of 7.5 MHz. All 377 correlations were assessed for 25 studied parameters.Results. The study of correlations revealed the predominant participation of the sections of the right lateral ventricle and the flow system of the brain. The severity of synchronous functional activity (the number of correlations) characterizes the degree of functional tension, stress reaction of the studied structural part and has a relatively greater risk of depletion and, as a consequence, a greater likelihood of destructuring. In the process of adaptation and the formation of compensatory mechanisms, the predominant functional load falls on the right parts of the brain (right lateral ventricle).Conclusions.The most pronounced changes in brain structures during neurosonography were found in infants with pneumonia, which developed against the background of neonatal jaundice and congenital heart defects. In all groups of patients with neonatal pneumonia, correlations were found between the parameters of the structure and flow system of the brain, laboratory parameters indicating the tension of the compensatory mechanisms of organs and systems. The revealed changes characterized the developing of the hydrocephalus in the absence of pathognomonic clinical and neurological symptoms in patients.
Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring as one of the forms of gluten-associated pathology: a review of the literature and a description of a clinical case
Authors: Klimov L. Ya. , Kuryaninova V. A. , Dmitrieva Yu. A. , Mironova Ya. D. , Yagupova A. V. , Dolbnya S. V. , Stoyan M. V. , Kashnikova S. N. , Ivenskaya T. A. , Cherkasova E. A.
Published: March 2022

This review presents information on the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Duhring’s dermatitis herpetiformis. Although the disease was first clinically described in 1884 by the American dermatologist L.A. Duhring, the study of its pathogenesis and the search for prognostic markers of its occurrence continue. Against the background of a significant expansion of ideas about gluten-dependent diseases and conditions, views on the mechanisms of autoimmune skin damage in dermatitis herpetiformis are detailed. A strong association with hereditary predisposition through the major human leukocyte histocompatibility complex (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8, and a role of epidermal transglutaminase as a major autoantigen in dermatitis herpetiformis are shown. The hypotheses explaining the decline in the incidence of dermatitis herpetiformis in recent decades against the background of increased and more effective serological screening and the resulting earlier diagnosis of celiac disease are commented on. A typical clinical picture of dermatitis herpetiformis, in which erythematous papules, plaques, vesicles are seen, usually clustered on the flexural surfaces of the extremities. Secondary elements are erosions, excoriations and crusts due to rupture of blisters and due to scratching caused by intense itching. A generally favourable prognosis for life and disease is shown with a gluten-free diet and the use of dapsone, glucocorticoids and, if these are ineffective, immunosuppressants. The authors describe a clinical case of the disease in an adolescent girl with a typical clinical history and characteristic rashes on the extensor surfaces of the limbs. The authors show that drug therapy without a gluten-free diet cannot be considered effective, and that the diet for dermatitis herpetiformis, like that for celiac disease, is lifelong. The growing understanding of gluten-associated pathology, which includes dermatitis herpetiformis, in recent decades has led to an intensive search for diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as the development of ways to correct this group of diseases, including those not related to the lifelong elimination of cereal prolamines.
Dependence of thymic stromal lymphopoietin serum concentration from bronchial asthma control level and lung function results in patients of different age groups
Authors: Kamaev A. V. , Mizernitsky Yu. L. , Trusova O. V. , Kamaeva I. A. , Shaporova N. L.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Bronchial asthma (BA) pathogenesis is settled by bronchial wall inflammation, which is the main treatment target.Aim. To study the dependence of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) concentration in serum and nasal brush-biopsies from age, spirometry data deterioration and blood eosinophils in patients with uncontrolled BA.Materials and methods. Patients with uncontrolled BA of three age groups: children (6–11 y.o., n = 38), adolescents (14–17 y.o., n = 35) and adults (25–50 y.o., n = 31) were included in 1-year long open prospective study. Clinical history, АСТ/сАСТ questionnaires, lung function test (LFT), common blood count, serum and nasal material to evaluate TSLP were obtained during first visit, if there were no any signs of acute respiratory infection for not less than 14 days. Maintenance therapy was revised based on firstvisit findings. Patient were consequently examined twice with 6 months intervals, examination data, LFT readings, ACT results and eosinophil counts were collected. Statistical analyses included ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) and Pearson’s correlation (r). Differences accepted significant with р < 0,05.Results. Serum TSLP levels did not differ between age groups. TSLP concentration correlate directly and significantly with duration of uncontrolled BA in previous 12 months (r = 0.74). In patients with atopic BA, maximum TSLP level was in dust mites sensitized group (792.6 ± 114.1 pg/ml). We have found greater serum TSLP concentration in patients who demonstrated FEV1 below normal even on optimal controller therapy at Visit 3. Eosinophil count randomly changed inside normal values and did not correlate with asthma control or TSLP level.Conclusion. Prognosis of future asthma exacerbations and LFT decrease is less favourable in patients with high serum TSLP level.
The role of herbal medicines in treating cough in children
Authors: Kolosova N. G. , Denisova V. D. , Denisova A. R. , Grebeneva I. V. , Sedova A. Yu.
Published: March 2022

The physiological role of cough is to restore mucociliary clearance in the respiratory tract. However, if there are inflammatory changes against the background of a respiratory infection, cough may be non-productive and impair the patient’s quality of life. For a rational choice of drug, the true cause of cough should be determined on the basis of history, physical examination and, if necessary, additional instrumental/laboratory investigations. Modern phytopharmaceuticals are considered effective and safe for cough relief. Herbal medicines contain biologically active substances, which are incorporated into the metabolic processes of the body in a more natural way, in contrast to synthetic analogues. The article focuses on the effectiveness of an ivy leaf extract, which has a complex composition: it contains saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, as well as components of essential oils. Due to its composition, it has several effects: expectorant due to its secretolytic and mucolytic action, and antispasmodic based on the increased sensitivity of β2-adrenoreceptor cells of bronchial smooth muscle cells to endogenous and exogenous stimulation, on reducing intracellular calcium levels and bronchial relaxation. The efficacy of ivy leaf extract has been shown in a total of more than 20 clinical trials, mainly in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infections. Cough treatment aims at changing the rheological properties of the secretion and increasing the effectiveness of the cough. The good compatibility of herbal medicines with other drugs, including antibiotics, allows their use not only as monotherapeutic agents, but also in combination therapy for the treatment of cough in children.
Efficiency and forecasting of specialized medical care for children and adolescents in the stabilization of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the context of epidemics/pandemics
Authors: Kolomietz V. M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The incidence rates regulated by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation have been achieved in the Russian Federation, but the epidemic situation for tuberculosis in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic remains tense, Primarily due to lockdowns, tuberculosis examinations, especially for children and adolescents, may be reduced.The purpose of the study. Analysis of the effectiveness of preventive measures among children and adolescents in the context of ongoing COVID-19 and predicted other epidemics/pandemics.Materials and methods. The statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the region over the past 30 years and its own scientific research in the region are considered. The results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental methods for detecting tuberculosis in children and adolescents are analyzed.Results. The article examines the effectiveness of providing medical care for tuberculosis to children and adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are no trends to the deterioration of the epidemic situation, but there is a decrease in the volume and narrowing of the focus of anti-tuberculosis anti-epidemic measures carried out by the anti-tuberculosis service.Conclusions. Taking into account these features of the functioning of the TB service in the conditions of possible predicted other epidemics/pandemics, it is necessary to reorganize the system of providing TB care to children and adolescents with a change/expansion of its functions and material and technical base. A promising option for the intensification of such assistance in the context of pandemics is the integration of its implementation by all health services for the prevention of socially significant infectious diseases.
Place of nebulizer therapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children
Authors: Potapova N. L.
Published: March 2022

The review article presents an analysis of the data of foreign and domestic researchers characterizing the effectiveness of nebulizer therapy for bronchial asthma in children. The paper considers new data comparing the effectiveness of aerosol delivery devices. The advantage of inhalation therapy, which determines its widespread use in childhood, is its rapid delivery to the respiratory tract, high local and low systemic concentrations of the drug in target organs. Difficulties in observing the correct inhalation technique due to the difficulty of synchronizing inhalation and drug delivery, especially in young children, remain an urgent problem in the practice of treating chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, which leads to a severe and uncontrolled course, disability and adverse outcomes. The main disadvantage of ultrasonic nebulizers is the inactivation of suspensions, antibiotics and other drugs. Widely used jet nebulizers create noise during inhalation, have a large residual volume in the nebulizer chamber. In this regard, the improvement of delivery forms continues, taking into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory organs, the age of patients and comorbid conditions. The characteristics of the optimal inhaler include simplicity and ease of use, reliability, the possibility of effective inhalation of various drugs in combination with economical consumption. From this point of view, one of the universal means of transporting aerosols is membrane or electronic mesh (mesh) nebulizers, which provide excellent regional drug deposition in all age groups of children. The rapid achievement of clinical effect, compactness, mobility expand the possibilities of using mesh nebulizers at all levels of medical care.
Effect of ship-lock-induced surges on navigation safety in a branched lower approach channel system
Authors: Wan Zhiyong , Li Yun , Wang Xiaogang , An Jianfeng , Cheng Long , Liao Yipeng
Published: March 2022

Ships docking and traveling in a branched lower approach channel system are at risk from surges caused by multi-lane locks during emptying operations. For this reason, water-level variations in the lower approach channel in response to discharge, interval running time, and outlet location of lock operations were studied using a 2-D hydrodynamic model validated by physical model tests, and the impact of water level variation on navigation safety under extreme operation scenarios of a quadruple-lane lock group was identified. Results indicated that discharge and interval running time of lock emptying had the greatest impact on the water level variation at the lock head. Water level variation at the lower lock head of the ship lift exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increment of the discharge from the lock chamber into the outer river. Specifically, the surge height at the lock head of the ship lift reached the minimum when approximately 40% of the discharge generated by dual-lane locks during emptying operations was released into the outer river. Overall, the simultaneous operation of quadruple-lane lock group and unit load rejection should be avoided in engineering applications.
Evaluation of the Effects of Zn/Mg Supplemented Diet as Adjuvant
Therapy with Glibenclamide on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ram Veerma , Semwal Deepak Kumar , Negi Anoop Singh , Bisht Lata , Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Ankit , Bajpai Atal Bihari
Published: March 2022

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by
hyperglycemia, causes the damage of various organs, including the eyes, liver, kidney and heart.
It is evident that diet plays a key role in the management of DM.

Objective:

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn and Mg supplemented diets as an
adjuvant therapy with glibenclamide on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

The rats which showed a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher after 48 h of STZ
injection were considered as diabetic. The rats were divided into eight groups in which the normal
control group comprised non-diabetic rats, whereas the rest of the groups had diabetic rats in
which glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) with an ordinary diet was given to the positive control group
while the test groups were treated with glibenclamide along with specific diets. Blood glucose,
body weight and lipid profile, as well as the liver and kidney functions were evaluated using
standard kits after a certain interval up to 21 days.

Results:

Glibenclamide at different doses with or without Zn and Mg significantly decreased
blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and LDL levels, whereas
it increased the HDL level. The study revealed glibenclamide together with Zn and Mg-rich diet
to provide the most significant (p <0.0001) results.

Conclusion:

The treatment of diabetes mellitus with glibenclamide can provide better results if it
is used with Zn and Mg-rich diet, which can prove to be a potential adjuvant therapy for type-2
diabetes and its associated complications.
Perspectives of Married Women Related to Cervical Cancer Screening
Test: A Theory-Based Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Khalednejad Mona , Salehi Leili , Pashang Sara , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Nameghi Atefeh Nezhad Mohamad
Published: March 2022

Background:

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the treatable forms of cancer that can be
prevented in its long precancerous conditions and good screening programs.

Aim:

Using directed content analysis, the present study, as qualitative research, aimed to investigate
married women’s perspectives on screening for CC based on the protection motivation theory (PMT).

Methods:

To this end, a total number of 20 married women, considering maximum variation in
sampling in terms of age and level of education, were interviewed. Therefore, an in-depth semistructured
interview was used for data collection until saturation was reached. The PMT was also
applied as the main framework to develop the interview items.

Results:

Eight categories, namely, intention, fear, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, response
efficacy, self-efficacy, response cost, and social support, were identified based on data classification.
The majority of the participants intended to have a Pap smear. Moreover, they believed that
if women knew more about screening for cervical cancer, they would definitely do so. Most of the
participants, 60 %, had a high level of perceived susceptibility, and 100 % of them had self-efficacy
related to doing a Pap smear. Almost all the interviewees acknowledged the effectiveness of a Pap
smear and its consequences, but 80 % of the participants reported that they could not follow regular
tests due to response cost despite their self-efficacy and knowledge about the effectiveness and the
benefits of this type of screening. All the study participants also put more emphasis on the role of
social support to push them to get a Pap smear.

Conclusion:

The cost of a Pap smear and social support should be considered when encouraging
married women to participate in screening programs.
Detection of Phage and Prophage Expression in Multidrug-Resistant
Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Retail Meats Using mRNA-Seq
Authors: Bich Vo Thuy Thi , Nguyen Viet Thanh , Hoang Cuong Xuan , Nguyen Duc Hieu , Nguyen Duc Minh , Nguyen Tram Bao , Nghiem Minh Ngoc
Published: March 2022

Background:

Salmonella serovars contamination of food items shows a negative effect
on the food industry and causes a great hazard for the consumers. Although developed hygiene
methods, Salmonella serovars are still a high risk to human health, and new methods for the identification
of Salmonella spp. are needed.

Objective:

Bacteriophages have been considered a good method for detecting bacteria owing to
their high target cell specificity, simplicity and cheapness. Bacteriophages can be used for biocontrol
of Salmonella spp. without the cultural methods. Moreover, phages or phage-derived proteins
can also be used to detect quickly and specifically bacteria in food.

Method:

This study provides bacteriophage expression in six multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolated
from retail meats in Hanoi, Vietnam using mRNA sequencing.

Results:

Our results showed that diverse bacteriophages are naturally present in retail meats (chicken,
beef, and pork meat), and phage Salmon_118970_sal3_NC_031940 is the most common phage
in Salmonella on the retail meats.

Conclusion:

These results provide useful information for developing a new method to detect Salmonella
serovars effectively. Further surveillance programs and research are a necessity to limit the
spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.
Recent Updates on Applications of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Site-
Specific Drug Delivery
Authors: Agrawal Shivanshu , Garg Anuj , Varshney Vikas
Published: March 2022

Background:

Site-specific drug delivery is a widespread and demanding area nowadays. Lipid-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have shown promising effects for targeting drugs among lymphatic systems, brain tissues, lungs, and skin. Recently, lipid nanoparticles are used for targeting the brain via the mucosal route for local therapeutic effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can help in enhancing the efficacy and lowering the toxicities of anticancer drugs to treat the tumors, particularly in lymph after metastases of tumors. LNPs contain a non-polar core that can improve the absorption of lipophilic drugs into the lymph node and treat tumors. Cellular uptake of drugs can also be enhanced using LNPs and therefore, LNPs are the ideal carrier for treating intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and parasitic infection in the brain, etc. Furthermore, specific surface modifications with molecules like mannose, or PEG could improve the macrophage uptake and hence effectively eradicate parasites hiding in macrophages.

Method:

An electronic literature search was conducted to update the advancements in the field of site-specific drug delivery utilizing lipid-based nanoparticles. A search of the Scopus database (https://www.scopus.com/home.uri) was conducted using the following keywords: lipid-based nanoparticles; site specific delivery.

Conclusion:

Solid lipid nanoparticles have shown site-specific targeted delivery to various organs including the liver, oral mucosa, brain, epidermis, pulmonary and lymphatic systems. These lipid-based systems showed improved bioavailability as well as reduced side effects. Therefore, the focus of this article is to review the recent research studies on LNPs for site-specific or targeting drug delivery.