bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особенности взаимодействия протонов с транзисторными структурами с двумерным AlGaN/GaN-каналом
Authors: Емцев В.В. , Заварин Е.Е. , Козловский М.А. , Кудояров М.Ф. , Лундин В.В. , Оганесян Г.А. , Петров В.Н. , Полоскин Д.С. , Сахаров А.В. , Трошков С.И. , Шмидт Н.М. , Вьюгинов В.Н. , Зыбин А.А. , Парнес Я.М. , Видякин С.И. , Гудков А.Г. , Черняков А.Е. , Козловский В.В.
Published: November 2016

Показано, что взаимодействие протонов с энергией 1 MeV и дозами (0.5-2)·1014 cm-2 с транзисторными структурами с двумерным AlGaN/GaN-каналом (AlGaN/GaN-HEMT) сопровождается не только генерацией точечных дефектов, но и образованием локальных областей с разупорядоченным наноматериалом. Степень разупорядоченности наноматериала оценивалась количественно методами мультифрактального анализа. Увеличение степени разупорядоченности наноматериала, наиболее ярко проявляющееся при дозе протонов 2· 1014 cm-2, приводит к падению подвижности и электронной плотности в двумерном канале HEMT-структур в несколько раз. При этом на транзисторах наблюдается падение величины тока сток-исток и рост тока утечки затвора на порядок. В HEMT-структурах с повышенной разупорядоченностью наноматериала до воздействия протонов, облучение протонами, даже с дозой 1· 1014 cm-2, приводит к подавлению двумерной проводимости в канале и выходу из строя транзисторов.
Усиление сигналов комбинационного рассеяния света газовой среды вблизи поверхности голографической алюминиевой дифракционной решетки
Authors: Петров Д.В. , Сединкин Д.О. , Зарипов А.Р.
Published: November 2016

Исследована возможность применения эффекта гигантского комбинационного рассеяния (КР) для усиления интенсивности спектров КР газовых сред. Экспериментально зарегистрировано более чем 6-кратное усиление сигналов КР основных компонентов атмосферного воздуха при взаимодействии непрерывного лазерного излучения с голографической алюминиевой дифракционной решеткой. Усредненный коэффициент усиления cигналов КР в приповерхностном слое величиной 30 nm на границе раздела "дифракционная решетка-газовая среда" составил ~ 3· 103.
Коэффициенты преобразования длинноволновых возмущений набегающего потока в пульсации давления на поверхности клина в сверхзвуковом потоке
Authors: Цырюльников И.С. , Кириловский С.В. , Поплавская Т.В.
Published: November 2016

Выполнено численное моделирование задачи взаимодействия длинноволновых возмущений набегающего потока разного типа с ударной волной, возникающей при сверхзвуковом обтекании клина. Результаты параметрических расчетов сопоставлены с данными линейной теории взаимодействия возмущений с ударной волной в отсутствие тела. Получены данные о структуре пульсаций давления за ударной волной на клине и о коэффициентах преобразования внешних возмущений, представленные в виде аналитических зависимостей от угла наклона ударной волны, угла распространения внешних возмущений и числа Маха набегающего потока.
Влияние трансформации точечных дефектов при джоулевом разогреве на эффективность светодиодов с квантовыми ямами InGaN/GaN
Authors: Бочкарева Н.И. , Иванов А.М. , Клочков А.В. , Тарала В.А. , Шретер Ю.Г.
Published: November 2016

Показано, что кратковременный джоулев разогрев активной области светодиодов с квантовыми ямами InGaN/GaN до 125oC при плотности тока 150 A/cm2 стимулирует изменение энергетического спектра дефектных состояний в запрещенной зоне GaN и увеличение квантовой эффективности.
Исследование электрофизических свойств поверхности пористого GaP(111)
Authors: Масалов С.А. , Атращенко А.В. , Улин В.П. , Попов Е.О. , Колосько А.Г. , Филиппов С.В.
Published: November 2016

Проведены измерения локальных электрофизических свойств поверхности пористого GaP с использованием методики туннельной спектроскопии в сверхвысоком вакууме. Обнаружены две области поверхности с различными электрофизическими свойствами. Наблюдался эффект аномальной полевой фотоэмиссии, наиболее вероятной причиной которой является наличие нанокластеров Ga2O3, GaP и ассоциированных с ними поверхностных состояний акцепторного типа, обладающих высокой плотностью. Для получения интегральных характеристик полевой электронной эмиссии с поверхности образца использовалась компьютеризированная система регистрации с онлайн-обработкой воль-тамперных характеристик.
Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana – EMT
Authors: Marcolin Marco Antonio , Bellini Bianca Boura
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem por objeto central a Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT), uma técnica de neuromodulação cerebral. Nascida em meados dos anos 1980, a utilização da EMT vem crescendo de forma exponencial e ganhando espaço no diagnóstico e tratamento de diversos transtornos mentais e doenças neurológicas, além de figurar no escopo de interesse de outras especialidades como neurofisiologia, neurocirurgia e otorrinolaringologia. Pretendemos neste ensaio esclarecer o que é a EMT, como funciona a técnica, as formas de aplicação e características do método, suas vantagens e benefícios, além de pontuar a literatura acerca do tema.
Rancangan Eksperimen Acak
Authors: Hastjarjo T. Dicky
Published: November 2016

Rancangan eksperimen oleh McGuigan(1987) secara umum diartikan sebagaipenerapan metode ilmiah yang diawalidengan merumuskan permasalahan, dilan-jutkan dengan merumuskan hipotesis,menyeleksi partisipan, menempatkan par-tisipan ke kelompok eksperimen dankontrol, menentukan variabel independendan dependen, mengendalikan variabelluar yang relevan, melakukan analisa sta-tistik, membuat generalisasi dan penje-lasan hipotesis jika terkonfirmasi, sertadiakhiri dengan memprediksi terhadapsituasi baru lewat replikasi.
Prinsip Emik dalam Memahami Dinamika Psikologis Pasien Scizophrenia di Jawa
Authors: Anjarsari Novita D.
Published: November 2016

Schizophrenia merupakan salah satugangguan mental yang banyak dijumpaidi berbagai negara. Namun, seringkaliprosedur penegakan diagnosis gejalaschizophrenia yang didasarkan pada polapikir dunia barat, menyebabkan penegak-an diagnosis tersebut kurang akurat. Jikapenegakan diagnosisnya kurang akurat,maka akan berpengaruh pada prosesperawatan dan intervensi yang dilakukanterhadap penderita. Kemungkinan terja-dinya kesalahan itu dikarenakan sebagianbesar dari masyarakat di Jawa tidakmenerapkan prinsip emik (memahamifenomena berdasarkan sudut pandangpartisipan atau penderita schizophrenia).
Emosi Regret dan Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Bidang Ekonomi
Authors: Umaya Faraz
Published: November 2016

Hari ini Vina dan Rahma mempunyaiuang yang sama yaitu sebesar Rp 5 juta.Kemarin, Vina mempunyai uang Rp 7 juta,sementara Rahma mempunyai uang Rp 3juta. Apakah hari ini Vina dan Rahmamempunyai utilitas (kebahagiaan) yangsama? Dari kacamata ekonomi sesuai teoriBernoulli, ya mereka dipastikan mempu-nyai kebahagiaan yang sama. Tetapi kalautidak dibutakan teori ekonomi, danberbicara dengan perasaan, siapapun akanmengatakan hari ini Vina relatif kurangbahagia dibandingkan Rahma. MengapaVina kurang bahagia, karena kemarinkekayaan Vina lebih besar dari sekarang,sementara Rahma lebih bahagia karenakebalikannya. Kemampuan untuk meru-juk kekayaan kemarin merupakan kekuat-an yang muncul akibat respons emosi, danutilitas perilaku ekonomi orang tergan-tung dari respons emosinya (Damasio,1994; Kahneman, 2011).
Service-Dominant Logic and Value in Tourism Management: A Qualitative Study within Spanish Hotels Managers
Authors: Hayslip Travis B. , Gallarza Martina G. , Andreu Luisa
Published: November 2016

With the award-winning article of Vargo and Lusch (2004), a new concept was introduced, called Service-Dominant logic (S-D logic). This paper aims to apply S-D logic to the tourism sector by determining if this new approach, by means of the importance of value co-creation, can affect the perceptions of value in the mind of the consumer and, thus, be used as a source of competitive advantage if adopted by tourism service providers. In this paper a conceptual framework is established through a literature review on both S-D logic and value in tourism. After a review of both topics, links between them are conceptually explored. With empirical research methods this study analyzed the applicability of the ten foundational premises of S-D logic in the tourist experience. Through exploratory research, we conducted in-depth interviews with hotel directors in the tourism sector in order to generate qualitative data and provide valuable knowledge to make conclusions on the managerial implications that the practical use of this new mindset would entail. Tourism managers should consider these new ideas in practice as a way to enhance value co-creation and differentiate themselves from the competition.
Why Consumers Talk: An Investigation of the Extrinsic Motivators of Electronic Word of Mouth
Authors: Feng Jie , Papatla Purushottam
Published: November 2016

We investigate the relative effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on online consumer word of mouth. Specifically, we examine how the influence of product satisfaction – an intrinsic motivator – compares to three extrinsic motivators, i.e., product life cycle stage, product attributes and expert opinions, in stimulating electronic word of mouth. We also examine the roles of different types of product attributes in generating electronic word of mouth.

The context of our investigation is electronic word of mouth for automobiles. Our results suggest that while intrinsic motivators do play a strong role in generating electronic word of mouth, extrinsic motivators such as the product’s life cycle stage, its attributes and experts’ opinions play a stronger role. Specifically, new products are likely to generate more word of mouth than older ones. Following the product’s life cycle stage in importance are the product’s attributes and expert opinions, in that order, in their influence. We also provide implications for additional research on the role of extrinsic motivators in generating consumer word of mouth.
The Positive Impact of FDI in Many Sectors of The Economy that Kosovo but not in Living Standards and The Environment
Authors: Kida Nakije
Published: November 2016

In this paper is investigated Kosovo great desire to integrate into the global network of investment after a war. FDI flows continue to be provided for development of Kosovo. The development of manufacturing sector and processing industry and tourism in some territories of Kosovo is also a challenge that must be resolved because it will affect economic development, employment generation continued. Withdrawal of modern technology in these sectors would help in maintaining the balance between the different benefits and a clean environment. Environmental concerns caused by FDI in some territories of Kosovo are fundamental problems that require solutions. Elimination of barriers to FDI, the strengths and weaknesses that were offered to investors are the primary issues that attract investment. Except FDI are in positive correlation with GDP, at the national level factors of human resource allocation are important in the territories where the population movement due to the economic stagnation, and such cases can be found in Kosovo.
Evaluating College Quarterbacks As They Enter the National Football League Draft
Authors: L. Lavoie Matthew , D. Berger Paul
Published: November 2016

The National football League (NFL) in the United States has become a quarterback-centric league, where an elite quarterback is needed to win a Super Bowl. This paper will aim to provide statistical insight into how to project which college quarterback prospects will have the most successful NFL careers. We specifically focus on two quarterbacks, Jameis Winston and Marcus Mariotta, who, respectively, were the first and second choice in the first round of the NFL draft recently, in May, 2015. However, our methodology is applicable to other quarterback draftees, and, with modest adaptation, to evaluating players at other positions.
Public Finance, the Financial Industry, Ethics and Efficiency
Authors: Klikauer Thomas
Published: November 2016

Dimitris N. Chorafas “Business Efficiency and Ethics–Values and Strategic Decision Making”, 2015. London, Palgrave-Macmillan Press, hbk. xv+294 pages, ISBN: 9781137484246, £75.00, $ 115.00.
The Demand Influence Factors of the Business Price in 2013 of China—The Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Real Estate Developer Factors Based on the Selected 35 Cities
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: November 2016

This dissertation investigates the relation between the real estate developers and the price development on the business market in 2013. Based on the result of the correlations analysis and regression analysis, owner’s equity affects to the dependent variable of the business price.
Deflation and Reflation: The Pre-WW I Impact on NYSE Trading Volumes and Seat Prices
Authors: McSherry Bernard , Wilson Berry K.
Published: November 2016

The study analyzes a unique time period of sustained deflation from 1867 to 1896, followed by sustained reflation after 1896. We use these periods to test two hypotheses concerning the impact on NYSE trading volumes and seat prices. The first is the “liquidity-trading” hypothesis, which hypothesizes that liquidity trading, a component of total trading volume, is positively correlated with interest rates. The second is the price-volume relationship, which hypothesizes a positive relationship between stock prices returns and changes in trading volume. These hypotheses suggest that NYSE trading volume should fall (rise) with falling (rising) stock prices and interest rates. We find strong support for both hypotheses, and additionally show that the impact of stock market prices on trading volumes is highly asymmetrical. As well, the study argues and finds evidence that the high level of systematic risk found in the pricing of NYSE seats is another reflection of the price-volume relationship. Therefore, the study finds strong evidence of a link between deflation, reflation and market liquidity as reflected in trading volumes and the pricing of NYSE seats.
TETFund International Programmes and Academic Staff Development of Selected Universities in South East Nigeria
Authors: Uzochukwu Onyeizugbe Chinedu , Orogbu Obiageli Lilian , O. Igbodo Republic
Published: November 2016

It is commonplace to see academic staff (teaching staff) in Nigerian Universities stagnated for a long period of time that is without promotions, due to lack of funds for further academic development and publications. The popular syndrome of “publish or perish” has, over the time, had its toll on academic staff of Nigerian Universities. As succour, the Federal Government of Nigeria set up Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) in 2011 as an intervening agency, to, among other objectives, fund academic staff trainings in tertiary institutions within and outside the country. It has, however, been worrisome that many Universities have not been accessing funds allocated to them due to their inability to fulfil the conditions attached and thereby depriving academic staff of the opportunity of accessing Government funds for academic advancement. This work titled “TETFund International Programmes and Academic Staff Development in South East Nigeria” an attempt to determine the extent to which Universities in the South Eastern part of Nigeria have been able to access and utilize funds allocated to them by this agency with respect to training of academic staff overseas. Two universities were selected for this work viz; University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Published works of TETFund as well as literature on related terms were reviewed. The survey research was adopted as research design. Primary data were collected with the aid of questionnaire and analysed with correlation coefficient. It was found that there is positive significant relationship between TETFund’s international training programmes and academic staff advancement/development in the Universities in South East of Nigeria. It further revealed that funds allocated to these Universities overtime were under accessed due to their inability to meet conditions. It was recommended that the Universities should expedite action to meeting the conditions for assessment by getting better acquainted with the modalities/conditions for assessment. It is recommended that the Universities should avoid partiality in nominating staff for trainings, conferences and workshops. As well, it was recommended that TETFund should give opportunity to institutions that missed their funds to access them in the next year.
A Dynamic Analysis of Oil Revenue and the Performance of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria
Authors: Egbadju Lawrence, U. , Oriavwote Victor, E.
Published: November 2016

The main objective of the research is to empirically investigate the relevance of oil revenue to agricultural development in Nigeria. This is important because despite the numerous efforts by successive governments to diversify the economy, the level of agricultural output still remains abysmally low. The fallen oil price in the international market also makes this research to be timely. The research covered the period between 1981 and 2014. The cointegration technique and the granger causality tests were used for the study. The result indicates that oil revenue is not statistically significant in explaining the level of economic growth. The result of the granger causality test indicates that oil revenue does not granger cause agricultural output. The result is symptomatic since it casts some doubts on the diversification policies of successive governments in Nigeria. The result recommends, amongst others concerted efforts to revamp the agricultural sector through judicious use of the dwindling oil revenue and foreign investors should be encouraged to go into the agricultural sector in Nigeria.
Agronomical Performance of High Yielding Cultivar of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Grown in Sewage Sludge Amended Soil
Authors: Kumar Vinod , A. K. Chopra,
Published: November 2016

A field study was conducted to assess the agronomical performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Pusa Purple Long Hybrid-F1) grown in sewage sludge amended soil in rainy and summer seasons during two consecutive years 2012 and 2013. The results showed that sewage sludge significantly (P < 0.05/P < 0.01) increased the Organic Carbon (OC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the soil. The contents of metals were found below the harmful levels prescribed for soils in India. The maximum agronomic performance in the form of plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plant and biochemical components like total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fiber of S. melongena were observed at 50% concentration of sewage sludge in both seasons. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in S. melongena were increased from 5% to 100% treatments of sewage sludge in both seasons. The order of Contamination factor (Cf) of different heavy metals was Mn > Cr > Cd > Zn > Cu for soil and Cr > Cd > Cu > Mn > Zn for S. melongena plants after treatment of sewage sludge. Thus, use of sewage sludge increased concentration of heavy metals in soil and S. melongena. Hence, sewage sludge can be governed as organic fertilizer in lower proportion to avoid the contamination of soil and S. melongena.
Performance Indicators Development in Function of Croatian’s Hospitals Efficiency and Quality Monitoring (Note 1)
Authors: VericaBudimir (Ph.D.) Verica , Lutilsky (Ph.D.) Ivana Dražić , Letinić (M.Sc.) Svjetlana
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper is to explore issues of hospital’s performance indicators development in Croatia. Accepted standards and regulations require defining of key performance and quality indicators of healthcare organizations. Performance indicators are defined at the sector level. Healthcare organizations are obligated to measure and track performance in accordance with the standards of quality assurance in health care and defined strategic objectives. Tracking performance is important for financing of healthcare organizations and performance monitoring of selected institution’s program goals and healthcare system in general.

For hospitals, it is important to monitor and improve the quality. For that purposes they need to develop adequate and comparable performance indicators. In order to create comparable indicators it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of performance measurement of related hospitals in Croatia and Europe. The basis for performance measurement is information that institution owns, acquires and processes. In order to be relevant, indicators need quality information basis for their measurement.

This paper analyzes the current performance indicators of selected Croatian and European hospitals’ performance measurement models. Based on the analysis, as the result of paper, we propose indicators for one hospital in Croatia. Authors propose a methodology for development of indicators, as well as a way of measuring and monitoring performance. Through a case study, we explore the use of performance indicators in monitoring and improving the quality of hospitals. Special emphasis has been placed on the role of performance indicators in the financing of health care institutions, and mutual comparison of hospitals as the basis for the development and improvement of the institution’s quality.
On Workplace Investment in Employee Well-Being
Authors: Ben Bulmash
Published: November 2016

Many modern organizations invest substantially in employee well-being, especially knowledge-intensive companies. However, decision makers fail to make informed choices based on theoretical advancements and empirical evidence provided by years of high-quality research on individual well-being. This study reviews five fundamental scientific principles regarding people’s experiences of well-being and discusses the possible implications of the findings on organizational well-being initiatives. My purpose is to encourage organizations and decision makers to make more effective evidence-based investments in employee well-being.
Utilizing Research to Facilitate Organizational Change
Authors: Nielsen Genevieve , Currie Fiona , Ervin Kaye , Koschel Alison
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to facilitate organisational change through research to implement a workplace smoking ban. Previous appeals to the executive management had been unsuccessful, as the health service complied with legal requirements. This small exploratory research study, utilized the employee survey developed by QUIT Victoria, to gather evidence of staff opinions about workplace smoking. Approximately 25% of the workforce smoked. The majority of the workforce in the study supported a workplace smoking ban, citing adverse effects of smoking on them and the environment. Staff also support quit smoking initiatives for staff and a small percentage of those who smoke (27%) reported it would encourage them to quit. Four staff reported that a workplace smoking ban would create difficulties for them, highlighting the importance of support for these staff. A smoke free workplace policy was introduced as a result of the research project. Utilizing a research approach, facilitated positive change for local level workforce and workplace issues.
Environmental Considerations in Procurement Decisions: A Literature Review
Authors: Appiagyei Ama Amponsah , Ayarkwa Joshua , Agyekum Kofi
Published: November 2016

Public organizations have the potential influence of procuring environmentally preferable products because such organizations are often the biggest customers within a country. Public organizations are required to take environmental considerations in all phases of the procurement process. The need to improve organizational efficiency, reduce waste, overcome supply chain risk, and achieve competitive positions have made companies to start considering environmental issues from a competitive point of view. Procuring organizations are more seriously involved in designing and implementing sustainable procurement policies by focusing on how environmental issues can be integrated in the procurement process activities. However, a clear understanding of environmental considerations and how it can be applied to the procurement process is still lacking, especially in a developing country like Ghana. This paper is a literature review which seeks to examine the environmental requirements applied in the procurement of goods in order to enhance sustainable public procurement in a developing country like Ghana.
Intonation Patterns and Their Place in Teaching Pronunciation for Azeri-Speaking English language Learners
Authors: Bassiri Mohammad Amin
Published: November 2016

Although there has always been controversies around the importance of two levels of phonology
(segmental and suprasegmental) in language teaching history, today there is a general consensus that
both levels of phonology (segmental and suprasegmental) should be taken into consideration to reach
the goals of pronunciation instruction. However time shortage is a factor that forces us as teachers to
set priorities and be selective of materials that have more crucial role in understanding and being
understood than others both in segmental and suprasegmental level. Our touchstone in this way is the
degree to which these features affect the comprehensibility of materials. The current study examined the
degree to which intonation patterns affect comprehensibility. The results of the study supported the
initial prediction that Intonation patterns play no crucial role in pronunciation teaching to impede
comprehension.
Languages, Code-Switching Practice and Primary Functions of Facebook among University Students
Authors: Shafie Latisha Asmaak , Nayan Surina
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the languages used in Facebook wall posts and comments,
code-switching practice of these multilingual university students and functional orientation of their
Facebook wall posts and comments. This study was mainly based on the investigation of the latest 50
Facebook comments of 100 Malay public university students in Malaysia. The first language of these
university students is Bahasa Malaysia and English is their second language. The content analysis of
wall posts was used to analyze the code-switching language used in the Facebook and the primary
functions of the Facebook comments by categorizing them using Thurlow’s (2003) SMS categories that
contain nine orientations. The findings indicate that majority of the Facebook users comments are
categorized under friendship maintenance orientation to maintain existing relationships and create new
friendships. The findings indicate heavily abbreviated languages in English and Bahasa Malaysia. It is
found that situational code-switching between English and Bahasa Malaysia is heavily utilized by
multi-lingual Facebook users. The research is significant in a number of ways as it offers the
communication culture of Facebook among public university students in Malaysia. In addition, the
study indicates that Social Network Sites can also be a potential teaching and learning tool to teach
English since learners nowadays are members of various Social Network Sites.
Non-English Major Freshmen’s Perception and Practice of the Vocabulary Notebook as their Vocabulary Learning Strategy
Authors: Chien Chin-Wen
Published: November 2016

Freshmen English is one of the compulsory courses in universities in Taiwan. Vocabulary notebooks are
frequently advocated as a way for students to take control of their vocabulary learning (Fowle, 2002).
This study focuses on the perception and practice of 157 freshmen, who were all non-English majors, of
the vocabulary notebook as their vocabulary learning strategy. The major data in this study included
vocabulary notebooks, self-evaluation of keeping vocabulary notebooks, and instructional PowerPoint
files. The freshmen in this study had a positive attitude toward vocabulary notebooks, because
vocabulary notebooks helped them learn English words and increase their word knowledge,
particularly of word families. They used the vocabulary notebooks to review the lessons and prepare for
the exams. One interesting finding was that participants in this study preferred making their vocabulary
notebooks in hard copy on paper because they could easily carry the notebooks around and review the
lessons. Moreover, of all the required elements of the vocabulary notebooks, the learners found that
word families were the most useful, because they could memorize word families and use them to make
sentences. Suggestions are provided for how to make vocabulary notebooks an effective vocabulary
learning strategy.
The Innovated Writing Process (IWP) Approach: A Rebuttal to Truscott's (1996, 1999, and 2007) and Ellis's (2009) View
Authors: Mourssi Anwar
Published: November 2016

The Innovated Writing Process Approach (IWP) is a rebuttal to Truscott's (1996, 1999, and 2007) claim, that corrective feedback does not help L2 learners in the acquiring a second language (SLA), and Ellis’s (2009) concern about which type of feedback will work best with L2 learners. Is it direct or indirect, or metalinguistic feedback? The method used in this study indicates that metalinguistic feedback may be one of the most successful feedback types in helping L2 learners acquire second language linguistic items. The aim of this paper is to present a rebuttal to Truscott's (1996, 1999, and 2007) and Ellis's (2009) view.

Based on the shortcomings found in previous methods of teaching writing and following recent works in applied linguistics and second language acquisition on form-focused instruction, explicit teaching and learning, and types of feedback, the Innovated Writing Process (IWP) approach was designed. This is one of the findings of an empirical study in the context of Arab learners of English (ALEs). It is also an attempt to apply Sociocultural Theory in classroom settings and to show how input can be well-processed which, in turn, can develop the second language (L2) learners’ internalized grammatical system.
Teaching English in India —The Use of Technologically Enhanced Realia in the Classroom
Authors: Nair Priya K.
Published: November 2016

In India acquisition of English language is imperative if one wants to sell oneself in the increasingly competitive job market. With a booming population the nation is filled with educated, technologically literate youth. English is not merely a foreign language in India. As India is separated by a plethora of languages knowledge of English is imperative. As the teachers in India are not native speakers of English the language they teach is not free from errors. The articulation is quite problematic as the mother tongue influence is quite pronounced. Technology helps to reduce these errors. Movies as a tool can enhance the listening and speaking skills of our students. It is quite boring to work with disembodied voices and the recorded conversations available in language labs do not sustain the learner’s interest. However learners are often forced to listen to recorded conversations of people they never see, the conversation is often stilted and contemporary idiom is hardly used. However, a completely new dimension to aural practice can be added in the classroom by using movies.
Translation Assessment of Temporal Succession of Events in Narrative Discourse from Arabic into English
Authors: Al-Ghazalli Mehdi Falih
Published: November 2016

The present paper aims at investigating the lexical and grammatical means by which events in written texts are temporally sequenced in standard Arabic and Standard English. Temporal succession refers to the chronological order of events which is signalled typically by conjunctions, tense, aspect, synonyms, antonyms, time adverbials and prepositions. The researcher built his study on two hypotheses: firstly, both languages tend to use the same lexico-grammatical devices to achieve the succession concerned. Secondly, translating Arabic temporal connectives, found in narrative texts, into English seems to pose rendition difficulties which can be attributed to grammatical and discoursal differences between the two languages. The results of the contrastive analysis conducted by the researcher have proved that the two languages partially employ the same lexico-grammatical connectives to maintain the temporal sequence of actions and events. However, unlike English, Arabic employs some coordinators as time connectives. As for the translation assessment, it has been found out that in Arabic literary texts, time connectives have not been accurately translated. This has been particularly in evidence as far as Arabic coordinators (as time connectives) are concerned.
Enhancing Microteaching at Sultan Qaboos University
Authors: Al-Humaidi Salma Hamed , Abu-Rahmah Mohamed Ismail
Published: November 2016

This study was an attempt to maximize the effectiveness of microteaching at SQU. It proposed a model incorporating five components: (1) planning and feedback, (2) teaching and observation, (3) self-assessment and reflection, (4) peers’ feedback, and (5) tutor’s feedback. The model was applied to a group of 24 student-teachers of English attending the microteaching course at the College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University. To measure the effectiveness of the model, the planning tasks, self-assessment forms, reflective questions raised by peer students, and the tutor’s feedback comments were analyzed qualitatively. It was found that the proposed model helped maximize the effectiveness of EFL microteaching at SQU.
Theories in Second Language Acquisition Need to be Corroborated
Authors: Shakouri Nima , Shokouhi Mehdi
Published: November 2016

Interdisciplinary research is a key thrust for the future. The present paper puts forth that most of the theories born in the last three decades are revitalization of old vocabulary; they are more or less assumption-based. Revitalization of old vocabulary should not be at the expense of discordance but corroboration of each other. In fact, the divergent epistemic orientations in SLA give a competitive nature to SLA. Thus, to the present writers, much of the dialogue concerning the strengths and weaknesses of SLA theories fails to provide a balance between theoretical assumptions and empirically substantiated knowledge.
A Study on Classroom Teaching Style and Learning Outcome
Authors: Xu Zhang
Published: November 2016

Teaching style is the reflection of individualism in the art of teaching. All excellent teachers unfold before the students their unique teaching methods, teaching techniques and teaching beliefs which result in effective learning outcome. This paper is based on a course which I audit during my visiting in the US. Through the observation of classroom lecture, analysis of after-class notes and interviews with the teacher’ a comparative study of classroom teaching style between Chinese and American teachers is conducted as well as the possible factors behind it. The findings of the paper will positively promote the creativity and innovation of the Chinese College English teachers who will make a reflection on their own teaching and make every effort to formulate their own teaching style in order to achieve a higher standard of college English teaching and at the same time promote college English learning.
The Inter-Linguistic and the Cross-Linguistic Influence on the Acquisition of L2 (English) Linguistic Items: A Case Study in the Context of ALEs as Postgraduate Learners
Authors: Mourssi Anwar
Published: November 2016

This paper represents an empirical study investigatingone of the most common issues namely the inter-linguistic and the cross-linguistic influence of the L1 in learning L2 grammar in general, and specifically the acquisition of the simple past tensein the context of Arab Learners of English (ALEs) as postgraduate learners. This study is an extension to a previous one which was run on undergraduate learners of English (Mourssi, 2013c). The researcher believes that the simple past tense forms produced by learners sometimes appear to have originated in L1, sometimes in L2, and sometimes in L1 and L2 at the same time. This case study was conducted on 30 Arab Learners of English (ALEs) which lasted thirteen weeks. A detailed analysis was made on the simple past tense forms in 90 written texts produced by ALEs enrolled in foundation course Level Two. Written texts were collected from each subject at three stages in the experiment (after the first week, after six weeks and after twelve weeks). Quantitative and qualitative analyses show the cross-linguistic influence of L1 (Arabic) and Inter-linguistic influence of the target languagein acquiring the linguistic items of L2 (English) in general and in acquiring the simple past in particular.
Representation of the Characters in the Claimed English as an International Language-Targeted Coursebooks
Authors: Andarab Mehdi Solhi
Published: November 2016

The cultural and linguistic hegemony of the native speakers of English over the non-native speakers in the process of language learning and teaching has paved the way for the stereotypical and biased representations of the non-native speakers of English in majority of the English Language Teaching (ELT) coursebooks. Actually, this essentialist approach in the process of materials development is likely to result in reductionist overgeneralization and otherization of foreign societies (Holliday, 1994). However, in recent years, with the advent of English as a International Language (EIL), the issue of native speakerism, the ownership of English, and consequently the cultural content of ELT coursebooks have been the subject of debates. Despite the dominance of native speaker varieties of English in ELT coursebooks, there has been a growing awareness among publishers over the past years and accordingly some EIL-based coursebooks targeted specifically at EIL learners have been published. In this study, a sample group of such coursebooks was subject to close scrutiny. In so doing, an attempt was made to examine the representation of the characters in the claimed EIL-targeted coursebooks. According to the results of the study, despite the claim to be based on EIL, the biased representation of the non-native speakers of English is observed throughout the entire series of the analyzed coursebooks and they superficially surface a stereotypical association of culture and location/country.
Improving English Language Skills and Methods through Short Term Trainings: Bridging High School and University Teachers
Authors: Wubshet Hailu , Menuta Fekede
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this article was to show how universities can make interventions in improving the classroom practices of high schools and preparatory schools English language teachers. The data gathering instrument was questionnaire and interview from secondary and preparatory school teachers of Tabor cluster that include Tabor Secondary and Preparatory school, Alamura High School Gemeto-Gale Secondary School, and Tula Secondary and Preparatory school and two school principals. The teachers received short term English language trainings from university teachers. It was, therefore, reflections of the teachers on improvements the training brought on their teaching skills on one hand and their attitudes on “the-to-be” links between the university instructors and high school teachers on the other hand. The link and the interventions envisaged to bring continuous improvements in the English language skills of secondary school English language teachers and thereby the skills of their students who ultimately and continuously join universities. As the study was based on the teachers and the principals who took part in the training, the sample size considered was the whole population, 40. Since the data was obtained qualitatively through interview and quantitatively through questionnaire, the analysis method also followed mixed methods. The quantitative data was analyzed descriptively with SPSS version 20, and the data obtained through interview was grouped into themes with open-code 3.6 and then described textually. The study showed that the short term trainings, which were based on the trainees’ pre-identified areas of English language skill gaps, helped to alleviate the gaps of the teachers to a greater extent. It also showed that there are other areas of English language skill gaps that need further trainings. Regarding the teachers’ attitude on the high schools and University teachers’ professional link, it was found out that high school teachers need supports from universities to improve their own and their students’ English language skills. It was also discovered that the link among school and university teachers so far is very weak. The trainees suggested areas of their special concerns to improve their English language skills, and areas university teachers may benefit from high schools.
Gender Differences in Complaint Strategies among Iranian Upper Intermediate EFL Students
Authors: Kakolaki Leila Nasiri , Shahrokhi Mohsen
Published: November 2016

The goal of this research was to know the differences between the strategies used by male and female upper intermediate EFL learners in complaining. Various studies suggest that the way men and women speak is different. Women are considered to be more polite than men. The present study investigated the differences of complaining realizations between Iranian EFL men and women students. A number of 60 (30 males and 30 females) upper intermediate students were selected based on their performance on a general proficiency test administered by the institute’s authorities to participate in the study. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT). The responses were analyzed based on Rinnert and Nogami’s (2006) taxonomy. The study revealed that there was a difference between men and women in realizing the complaining speech act. Men used very direct complaint more frequently compared to women who used indirect complaints the most. The present study found gender has an influence on the choice of complaining strategies and politeness.
Enhancing Willingness to Communicate through Team Building: A Marriage of Theory and Practice
Authors: Harper John
Published: November 2016

Closely related to the well-researched areas of motivation and language-learning anxiety is the area of willingness to communicate (i.e., WTC). Many researchers (e.g., Clément, Dörnyei, & Noels, 1998; Liu & Jackson, 2008; MacIntyre & Doucette, 2009) have conducted studies concerning the factors surrounding learners’ willingness or unwillingness to communicate in a second language. The emphasis of such research has been on causes and not on solutions. This paper, through a study of the existing literature, examines the causes of a lack of WTC. It then argues that some well-known techniques and methodologies, by promoting team building, are well suited to enhance WTC. The paper concludes that the traditional warmup activity, the case-study method, cooperative learning techniques, and task-based learning techniques, when implemented with team building in mind, may aid in increasing WTC.
Post Method Pedagogy: A Plausible Choice in Iran?
Authors: Maghsoudi Najmeh
Published: November 2016

From a historical perspective, the field of language teaching has witnessed great changes since the early years to the present. Many methods emerged as the reaction to the former at different periods of time to fulfill the needs of all individuals, but no method could have ever gained the status of the “best method”. Although eclecticism as a reaction to method era was introduced as a solution to the problem, it was soon criticized for not having philosophical and theoretical basis. The inefficiency of language teaching methods in fulfilling the needs of all types of learners led to “Death of Method” (Allwright, 2003). Questioning the concept of method and its nature, Kumaravadivelu (1994) introduced “Post method Era” and claimed that there should be “an alternative to method rather than an alternative method”. He further proposed that teachers should be empowered to “theorize from their practice and practice what they have theorized” (Kumaravadivelu, 1994). This paper tries to shed light on the present status of post method pedagogy in Iran. As different studies suggest, it seems very far-fetched to expect post method to emerge out of centralized system of education unless an extensive shift of policies occurs in the field of ELT in Iran.
An Interview with Amy Azano: Fidelity of Implementation
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F.
Published: November 2016

Recently, the “response to intervention” paradigm has been adopted to ensure early intervention for children with learning and other problems. One main concern is the teacher’s ability to implement this intervention (in academic and other areas) with fidelity, and integrity. This interview reviews some of these issues and discusses the main concerns in this realm.
Caregivers’ Perception of the IPad’s Utility for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): A Conflict between Illusion and Reality
Authors: Allen Anna A. , Jeans Charles , Ball Laura J. , Guarino A. J.
Published: November 2016

The primary purpose of this study was to compare perceptions of the iPad’s utility for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A sample of 15 caregivers, eight of whom cared for individuals who had iPads (“users”) and seven of whom cared for individuals who did not have iPads (“non-users”), responded to a survey created by the authors to identify possible helpfulness of the iPad’s for enhancing communication. Non-users’ perceptions of the potential utility of the iPad were statistically significantly greater than those of the caregivers who had utilized the iPad for AAC. These findings strongly suggest a conflict between the non-users’ illusions and the users’ subjective reality regarding the iPad’s potential to improve communication skills.
Metadiscourse Analysis of the Extraverted-Introverted L2 Learners’ Oral Production
Authors: Ghonsooly Behzad , Hamedi Seyyedeh Maryam , Hamedi Seyyedeh Mina
Published: November 2016

The study at hand aims at analyzing the relationship between the extraversion level and the employment of metadiscourse markers in the second language (L2) learners’ oral production on the one hand, and investigating the differences between various levels of extraversion and the types of metadiscourse they use, on the other hand. To this end, 60 advanced EFL learners comprising 12 males and 48 females took part in the study and their extraversion level was assessed with the aid of Myer-Briggs Type Indicator questionnaire. The highly extraverted (N=7) accounted for 11.7%, moderately extraverted (N=22) comprising 36.7%, moderately introverted (N=9) including 15%, and quite introverted (N=22) involving 36.7% of the population. Indeed, the findings revealed a strong positive correlation between the extraversion level and the employment of metadiscourse markers in speech. Besides, there were statistically significant differences across highly extraverted, moderately extraverted, moderately introverted, and quite introverted learners regarding the application of met discourse markers in their speech.