bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doenças crônicas e sonolência diurna excessiva em pessoas idosas
Authors: Silva José Felipe Costa da , Marques Edson Mendes , Nobre Thaiza Teixeira Xavier , Bezerra Isaac Newton Machado , Lima Jônia Cybele Santos
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE), a síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) e as condições de saúde em idosos.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado com idosos cadastrados nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família de um município do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, de setembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico (com perguntas relativas ao: sexo, estado civil, tipo de moradia, endereço, renda, escolaridade e profissão) e de condições de saúde (com perguntas relativas à presença de doenças, a sequelas presentes e ao uso de medicamentos). A sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) foi medida pela escala de Epworth e a síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS), pelo questionário clínico de Berlin. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 61 idosos, com idade média de 68,5 anos, sendo 46 do sexo feminino (75,4%). Dentre eles, 56 (91,8%) relataram ter algum tipo de doença, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) a mais frequente (57,4%; n=35), seguida pela diabetes mellitus (DM) (24,6%; n=15) e artrite ou artrose (34,4%; n=21). Observou-se correlação positiva entre HAS e SAOS (p=0,001), DM e SAOS (p=0,018) e entre SDE e doenças respiratórias (p=0,010). Conclusão: As doenças mais prevalentes entre os idosos avaliados foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. A maioria não apresentou sonolência diurna excessiva e, quando observada, foi principalmente em grau leve. Apesar disso, observou-se associação positiva entre doenças crônicas, síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva.
Polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptor genes of indigenous and White Leghorn breeds of chicken
Authors: Haunshi Santosh , Burramsetty Arun Kumar , Ramasamy Kannaki , Chatterjee Rudra Nath
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Functional polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) modulate
innate immunity and play a crucial role in resistance or susceptibility to
diseases. The present study was carried out to explore polymorphic patterns
in the coding sequences of PRR genes TLR3, TLR1LA (TLRs),
MDA5, LGP2 (RLRs) and NOD1 (NLR) in chicken breeds
of India, namely Ghagus (GH), Nicobari (NB) and the exotic
White Leghorn (WLH) breed. Out of 209 SNPs observed in five genes among three
breeds, 117 were synonymous (Syn) and 92 were non-synonymous (NS) SNPs. In
TLR genes the highest polymorphism was observed in NB (16, 28)
compared to GH (14, 16) and WLH (13, 19) breeds. In the MDA5 gene
the highest polymorphism was observed in GH (12) compared to NB (eight) and
WLH (four) breeds. However, an almost similar level of polymorphism was observed
in the LGP2 gene among the three breeds. In the NOD1 gene, the highest
polymorphism was observed in NB (27), followed by WLH (11) and GH (10) breeds.
The overall highest number of SNPs was observed in NB (90), followed by GH (62)
and the WLH (57) breed. With regard to variation in polymorphism among different
classes of PRRs, the study revealed the highest polymorphism in TLRs compared to
NOD1 and the RLR class of PRRs. Further, the domain locations of various Syn and
NS SNPs in each PRR among the three breeds were identified. In silico
analysis of NS SNPs revealed that most of them had a neutral effect on
protein function. However, two each in TLR1LA and LGP2
and one in the MDA5 gene were predicted to be deleterious to
protein function. The present study unravelled extensive polymorphism in the
coding sequences of the TLR and NLR class of PRR genes, and the polymorphism was
higher in indigenous chicken breeds.
The unintended consequence of SO2 and NO2 regulations over
China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM2.5 concentrations
Authors: Lachatre Mathieu , Fortems-Cheiney Audrey , Foret Gilles , Siour Guillaume , Dufour Gaëlle , Clarisse Lieven , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François , Van Damme Martin , Beekmann Matthias
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Air pollution, reaching hazardous levels in many Chinese cities has been a major concern in China over the past decades. New policies have been applied to regulate anthropogenic pollutant emissions, leading to changes in atmospheric composition and in particulate matter (PM) production. Increasing levels of atmospheric ammonia columns have been observed by satellite during the last years, in particular IASI observations reveal an increase of these columns by 15 % and 65 % from 2011 to 2013 and 2015, respectively, over Eastern China. In this paper we have performed model simulations for 2011, 2013 and 2015 in order to understand the origin of this increase, and in particular to quantify the link between ammonia and the inorganic components of particles: NH4(p)+ / SO4(p)2− / NO3(p)−. Interannual change of meteorology can be excluded as a reason: year 2015 meteorology leads to enhanced sulphate production over Eastern China which increases the ammonium and decreases the ammonia content which is contrary to satellite observations. Reductions in SO2 and NOX emission between 2011 and 2015 of respectively −37.5 and −21 %, as constrained from satellite data, lead to decreased inorganic matter (by 14 % for NH4(p)+ + SO4(p)2− + NO3(p)−). This in turn leads to increased gaseous NH3(g) tropospheric columns, by as much as 24 % and 49 % (sampled corresponding to IASI data availability) from 2011 to 2013 and 2015 respectively, and thus can explain most of the observed increase.
Over a ten-year record of aerosol optical properties at SMEAR II
Authors: Luoma Krista , Virkkula Aki , Aalto Pasi , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The aerosol optical properties (AOPs) of particles smaller than 10 μm (PM10) and 1 μm (PM1) have been measured at SMEAR II since 2006 and 2010, respectively. For the PM10 particles the mean values of the scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and backscatter fraction at δ = 550 nm, and scattering and absorption Ångström exponents at the wavelength ranges 450–700 nm and 370–950 nm were 15.2 Mm−1, 2.1 Mm−1, 0.86, 0.15, 1.80 and 0.94 respectively. The time series were used to examine the trends and variation in the AOPs. Statistically significant trends were found for example for the PM10 scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and backscatter fraction, and the slopes of these trends were −0.342 Mm−1, −0.0952 Mm−1, 3.4 ‧ 10−3, and 1.3 ‧ 10−3 per year. The tendency for the extensive AOPs to decrease correlated well with the decrease in aerosol number and volume concentration. The tendency for the singlescattering albedo and backscattering fraction to increase affected to the effective aerosol forcing efficiency, indicating that the dry aerosols were scattering the radiation more effectively back into space. In addition to these trends, we also observed seasonal and diurnal variations and variations between the AOPs of the PM1 and PM10 particles.
The CALIPSO version 4 automated aerosol classification and lidar ratio selection algorithm
Authors: Kim Man-Hae , Omar Ali H. , Tackett Jason L. , Vaughan Mark A. , Winker David M. , Trepte Charles R. , Hu Yongxiang , Liu Zhaoyan , Poole Lamont R. , Pitts Michael C. , Kar Jayanta , Magill Brian E.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization
(CALIOP) version 4.10 (V4) level 2 aerosol data products, released in
November 2016, include substantial improvements to the aerosol subtyping and
lidar ratio selection algorithms. These improvements are described along
with resulting changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD). The most fundamental
change in the V4 level 2 aerosol products is a new algorithm to identify aerosol
subtypes in the stratosphere. Four aerosol subtypes are introduced for
stratospheric aerosols: polar stratospheric aerosol (PSA), volcanic ash,
sulfate/other, and smoke. The tropospheric aerosol subtyping algorithm was
also improved by adding the following enhancements: (1) all aerosol subtypes
are now allowed over polar regions, whereas the version 3 (V3) algorithm
allowed only clean continental and polluted continental aerosols; (2) a new
“dusty marine” aerosol subtype is introduced, representing mixtures of
dust and marine aerosols near the ocean surface; and (3) the “polluted
continental” and “smoke” subtypes have been renamed “polluted
continental/smoke” and “elevated smoke”, respectively. V4 also revises
the lidar ratios for clean marine, dust, clean continental, and elevated
smoke subtypes. As a consequence of the V4 updates, the mean 532 nm AOD
retrieved by CALIOP has increased by 0.044 (0.036) or 52 % (40 %) for
nighttime (daytime). Lidar ratio revisions are the most influential factor
for AOD changes from V3 to V4, especially for cloud-free skies. Preliminary
validation studies show that the AOD discrepancies between CALIOP and
AERONET–MODIS (ocean) are reduced in V4 compared to V3.
Spectral Intensity Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS):
A new Instrument for Spectrally Resolved Fluorescence
Detection of Single Particles in Real-Time
Authors: Könemann Tobias , Savage Nicole , Klimach Thomas , Walter David , Fröhlich-Nowoisky Janine , Su Hang , Pöschl Ulrich , Huffman Alex , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) in the atmosphere are highly relevant for the Earth system, climate, and public health. The analysis of PBAP, however, remains challenging due to their high diversity and large spatiotemporal variability. For real-time PBAP analysis, light-induced fluorescence (LIF) instruments have been developed and widely used in laboratory and ambient studies. The interpretation of fluorescence data from these instruments, however, is often limited by a lack of spectroscopic information. This study introduces a new instrument – the Spectral Intensity Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS) – that resolves fluorescence spectra for single particles and, thus, promises to expand the scope of fluorescent PBAP quantification and classification. The SIBS shares key design components with the latest versions of the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS) and the findings presented here are also relevant for the widely deployed WIBS-4A and WIBS-NEO as well as other LIF instruments. The key features of the SIBS and findings of this study can be summarized as follows: – Particle sizing yields reproducible linear responses for particles in the range of 300 nm to 20 µm. The lower sizing limit is significantly smaller than for earlier commercial LIF instruments (e.g., WIBS-4A and the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UV-APS)), expanding the analytical scope into the accumulation mode size range. – Fluorescence spectra are recorded for two excitation wavelengths (λex = 285 and 370 nm) and a wide range of emission wavelengths (λmean = 302–721 nm) with a resolution of 16 detection channels, which is higher than for most other commercially available LIF bioaerosol sensors. – Fluorescence spectra obtained for 16 reference compounds confirm that the SIBS provides sufficient spectral resolution to distinguish major modes of molecular fluorescence. For example, the SIBS resolves the spectral difference between bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b. – A spectral correction of the instrument-specific detector response is essential to use the full fluorescence emission range. – Asymmetry factor (AF) data were assessed and were found to provide only limited analytical information. – In test measurements with ambient air, the SIBS worked reliably and yielded characteristically different spectra for single particles in the coarse mode with an overall fluorescent particle fraction of ~ 4 % (3σ threshold), which is consistent with earlier studies in comparable environments.
Minimal dynamical systems model of the northern hemisphere jet
stream via embedding of climate data
Authors: Faranda Davide , Sato Yuzuru , Messori Gabriele , Moloney Nicholas R. , Yiou Pascal
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We derive a minimal dynamical model for the northern hemisphere mid-latitude jet dynamics by embedding atmospheric data, and investigate its properties (bifurcation structure, stability, local dimensions) for different atmospheric flow regimes. We derive our model according to the following steps: i) obtain a 1-D description of the mid-latitude jet-stream by computing the position of the jet at each longitude using the ERA-Interim reanalysis, ii) use the embedding procedure to derive a map of the local jet position dynamics, iii) introduce the coupling and stochastic effects deriving from both atmospheric turbulence and topographic disturbances to the jet. We then analyze the dynamical properties of the model in different regimes: i) one that gives the closest representation of the properties extracted from real data, ii) one featuring a stronger jet (strong coupling), iii) one featuring a weaker jet (low coupling), iv) modified topography. We argue that such a simple model provides a useful description of the dynamical properties of the atmospheric jet.
The Guadalfeo Monitoring Network (Sierra Nevada, Spain): 14
years of measurements to understand the complexity of snow
dynamics in semiarid regions
Authors: Polo María J. , Herrero Javier , Pimentel Rafael , Pérez-Palazón María J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This work presents the Guadalfeo Monitoring Network in Sierra Nevada (Spain), a snow monitoring network in the Guadalfeo Experimental Catchment, a semiarid area in southern Europe representative of snow packs with highly variable dynamics on both the annual and seasonal scales, and significant topographic gradients. The network includes weather stations that cover the high mountain area in the catchment and time-lapse cameras to capture the variability of the ablation phases on different spatial scales. The data sets consist of continuous meteorological high frequency records at five automatic weather stations located at different altitudes ranging from 1300 to 2600 m a.s.l. that include precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, air relative humidity, and the short- and long-wave components of the incoming radiation, dating from 2009 for the oldest station (2530 m a.s.l.) (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.895236); additionally, daily data sets of fractional snow cover area and snow depth from the imagery from two time-lapse cameras are presented, with different scene area (30×30 m, and 2 km2, respectively) and spatial resolution, from 2009 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871706). Some research applications of these datasets are also included to highlight the value of high resolution data sources to improve the understanding of snow processes and distribution in highly variable environments. The datasets are available from different open source sites and provide both the snow hydrology scientific community and other research fields, such as terrestrial ecology, riverine ecosystems or water quality in high mountains,with a valuable and high-potential information in snow-dominated areas in semiarid regions.
Local-scale post-event assessments with GPS and UAV-based quick-response surveys: a pilot case from the Emilia–Romagna (Italy) coast
Authors: Duo Enrico , Trembanis Arthur Chris , Dohner Stephanie , Grottoli Edoardo , Ciavola Paolo
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Coastal communities and assets are exposed to flooding and erosion hazards due to extreme storm events, which may increase in intensity due to climatological factors in the incoming future. Coastal managers are tasked with developing risk-management plans mitigating risk during all phases of the disaster cycle. This necessitates rapid, time-efficient post-event beach surveys that collect physical data in the immediate aftermath of an event. Additionally, the inclusion of local stakeholders in the assessment process via personal interviews captures the social dimension of the impact of the event. In this study, a local protocol for post-event assessment, the quick-response protocol, was tested on a pilot site on the Emilia–Romagna (Italy) coast in the aftermath of an extreme meteorological event that occurred in February 2015. Physical data were collected using both real-time kinematic Geographical Positions Systems and unmanned aerial vehicle platforms. Local stakeholders were interviewed by collecting qualitative information on their experiences before, during, and after the event. Data comparisons between local and regional surveys of this event highlighted higher data resolution and accuracy at the local level, enabling improved risk assessment for future events of this magnitude. The local survey methodology, although improvable from different technical aspects, can be readily integrated into regional surveys for improved data resolution and accuracy of storm impact assessments on the regional scale to better inform coastal risk managers during mitigation planning.
Review article: Comparison of local particle filters and new implementations
Authors: Farchi Alban , Bocquet Marc
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Particle filtering is a generic weighted ensemble data assimilation method based on sequential
importance sampling, suited for nonlinear and non-Gaussian filtering
problems. Unless the number of ensemble members scales exponentially with the
problem size, particle filter (PF) algorithms experience weight degeneracy.
This phenomenon is a manifestation of the curse of dimensionality that
prevents the use of PF methods for high-dimensional data assimilation. The
use of local analyses to counteract the curse of dimensionality was suggested
early in the development of PF algorithms. However, implementing localisation
in the PF is a challenge, because there is no simple and yet consistent way
of gluing together locally updated particles across domains. In this article, we review the ideas related to localisation and the PF in
the geosciences. We introduce a generic and theoretical classification of
local particle filter (LPF) algorithms, with an emphasis on the advantages
and drawbacks of each category. Alongside the classification, we suggest
practical solutions to the difficulties of local particle filtering,
which lead to
new implementations and improvements in the design of LPF algorithms. The LPF algorithms are systematically tested and compared using twin experiments with the one-dimensional Lorenz
40-variables model and with a two-dimensional barotropic vorticity model. The results illustrate the advantages of using
the optimal transport theory to design the local analysis. With reasonable ensemble sizes, the best LPF algorithms
yield data assimilation scores comparable to those of typical ensemble Kalman filter algorithms, even for a mildly nonlinear system.
High Mountain Asia glacier elevation trends 2003–2008, lake volume changes 1990–2015, and their relation to precipitation changes
Authors: Treichler Désirée , Kääb Andreas , Salzmann Nadine , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We present an updated, spatially resolved estimate of 2003–2008 glacier volume changes for entire High Mountain Asia (HMA) from ICESat laser altimetry data. The results reveal a diverse pattern that is driven by spatially greatly varying glacier sensitivity, in particular to precipitation availability and changes. We introduce a spatially resolved zonation where ICESat samples are grouped into units of similar glacier behaviour, glacier type, and topographic settings. In several regions, our new zonation reveals local differences and anomalies that have not been described previously. A step-increase in precipitation around 1997–2000 on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) caused thickening of glaciers in the Eastern Pamirs, Kunlun Shan and central TP by 0.1–0.7 m a−1. The thickening anomaly has a crisp boundary in the Eastern Pamir that continues just north of the central Karakoram. Glaciers in the south and east of the TP were thinning, with increasing rates towards southeast. The precipitation increase is reflected by growth of endorheic lakes in particular in the northern and eastern TP. We estimate lake volume changes through a combination of repeat lake extents from Landsat data and shoreline elevations from ICESat and the SRTM DEM for over 1300 lakes. The rise in water volume contained in the lakes corresponds to 4–25 m a−1, when distributed over entire catchments, for the areas where we see glacier thickening. The precipitation increase is also visible in sparse in-situ measurements and MERRA-2 climate reanalysis data, but less well in ERA Interim reanalysis data. Considering evaporation loss, the difference between average annual precipitation during the 1990s and 2000s suggested by these datasets is 34–100 m a−1, depending on region, which can fully explain both lake growth, and glacier thickening (Kunlun Shan) or glacier geometry changes (eastern TP). The precipitation increase reflected in these glacier changes possibly extended to the northern slopes of the Tarim Basin, where glaciers were nearly in balance in 2003–2008. Along the entire Himalaya, glaciers on the first orographic ridge, which are exposed to abundant precipitation, are thinning less than glaciers in the dryer climate of the inner ranges. Thinning rates in the Tien Shan vary spatially but are rather stronger than in other parts of HMA.
¿Hacia una nueva dinámica de clase? Análisis comparativo de las preferencias de aprendizaje del alumnado universitario en titulaciones bilingües
Authors: Urquía-Grande Elena , Camacho-Miñano María-del-Mar , Dafouz Emma
Published: November 2018

La estrategia de internacionalización llevada a cabo por las universidades europeas, unida al cambio de metodología Bolonia, ha supuesto para las universidades españolas la implementación de grados impartidos en inglés. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar empíricamente si las estrategias de aprendizaje meta-cognitivas, cognitivas y socio-afectivas del alumnado que estudia un mismo grado difieren por la utilización de una lengua de comunicación diferente. Para ello, se utilizan técnicas estadísticas multi-variantes con una muestra de estudiantes matriculados en el primer año del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Los alumnos que reciben clase en inglés tienen algunas estrategias de aprendizaje diferentes a los de castellano, siendo en las estrategias meta-cognitivas en las que más diferencias se observan. Los alumnos de los grados impartidos en inglés demuestran ser más colaboradores, comunicadores y participativos trabajando más en equipo y consiguiendo una dinámica de clase más interactiva.
EDUCAÇÃO EM DIABETES: DO ACOLHIMENTO AO AUTOCUIDADO
Authors: Stringhini Maria Luiza Ferreira
Published: November 2018

Resumo: A educação em diabetes é um processo contínuo de acesso ao conhecimento para que pacientes desenvolvam habilidades para o gerenciamento da doença. Pensando assim, o presente projeto ocupa o tempo de espera por consultas hospitalares para desenvolver ações educativas. Os temas abordados são apresentados por graduandos, de forma lúdica, simples, com figuras ilustrativas ou jogos motivadores de discussão, estimulando a troca de experiências entre pacientes, acadêmicos e profissionais de saúde. Também foram realizadas três oficinas culinárias e envio de 37 mensagens, por aplicativo, relembrando o conteúdo discutido presencialmente e mantendo vínculo entre paciente e equipe de saúde. Os resultados das ações educativas são avaliados por testes e demonstram que, em 14 ações, os acertos no pós-teste superaram os do pré-teste. Concluiu-se que o projeto contribui para a promoção da saúde dos pacientes e para a formação profissional dos discentes.
ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-PRÁTICA DA ESPIRITUALIDADE EM PACIENTES INSTITUCIONALIZADOS
Authors: Jacintho Jéssica De Oliveira , Abreu Laís Martins de , Becker Raísa , Gontijo Clara Maria Moreira , Santos Marina Eduarda , Romera Fernanda Araujo , Silva Maryane De Oliveira , Barra Alexandre De Almeida , Barreto Leonardo Brandão
Published: November 2018

A relação entre medicina e espiritualidade é alvo de estudos da atualidade, cujos resultados evidenciam associação positiva com comportamentos saudáveis. No entanto, há uma lacuna de tal abordagem na formação em saúde. O presente projeto de extensão objetiva construir com estudantes de medicina substrato teórico e vivências práticas na abordagem da espiritualidade de pacientes institucionalizados através de questionários validados como o FICA. As intervenções com as atividades registradas e discutidas com os professores visam ofertar cuidado humanizado e valorizar a integralidade dos sujeitos. A análise qualitativa dos dados revelou ausência de abordagem prévia da espiritualidade dos pacientes, cuja maioria manifestou interesse nessa intervenção. É relevante para o médico saber o momento e a forma adequada dessa abordagem visando à singularidade de cada caso.
COEXISTÊNCIA: A EXPOSIÇÃO DE ARTE COMO LUGAR DE PESQUISA, ENSINO E EXTENSÃO
Authors: Rodrigues Manoela Dos Anjos Afonso , Wilhelm Vera Regina Barbuy , Chaud Eliane Maria
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, discorremos sobre a experiência pedagógica de reunir as disciplinas Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2, Laboratório de Produção Artística 4 e Expografia e Montagem com o objetivo de realizar uma exposição das pesquisas em arte conduzidas pelos estudantes do quarto e último ano do curso Artes Visuais – Bacharelado, da Faculdade de Artes Visuais da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Esta exposição é uma atividade prevista no Projeto Pedagógico do curso desde o ano 2012. Porém, foi em 2017 que pudemos realizar a primeira mostra do gênero na Galeria da FAV como uma ação de extensão. No presente trabalho, concluímos que ao traçarmos um projeto interdisciplinar para conectar a sala de aula a uma experiência expositiva na galeria, criamos um importante espaço de convergência entre ensino, pesquisa, extensão e formação profissional que beneficia tanto os nossos estudantes quanto a comunidade externa à UFG.
Ovule senescence and unusual pollen tube growth in the ovary of sweet cherry as affected by pistilar genotype and temperature
Authors: Radičević Sanja , Cerović Radosav , Đorđević Milena
Published: November 2018

The study of ovule senescence in the ovaries of four sweet cherry cultivars (‘Karina᾿, ‘Kordia᾿, ‘Regina᾿ and ‘Summit᾿) in the environmental conditions of West Serbia was carried out. Monitoring of ovaries was performed using the fluorescence microscopy method, on emasculated and pollinated flowers (cross-pollination variant), non-emasculated open-pollinated flowers (open pollination variant), and emasculated unpollinated flowers (unpollinated variant). In cross- and open pollination variants, the rate of unusual pollen tube growth in the ovary, fertilization percentage and fruit set were determined. The tendency in the appearance of fluorescence, as an indicator of ovule senescence, showed strong genotypic dependence ‒ it was the most and the least pronounced in the ovaries of ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’, respectively, in all the flower categories. Investigation of unusual pollen tube growth, fertilization percentage and fruit set, considered from the aspect of ovule senescence and cultivars’ behaviour as female (pollinated), pointed to their specific relations and complex dependence on the air temperature before and during the flowering. Flower emasculation and pollination also influenced ovule senescence, and this impact was unequal by genotypes, i.e. those having better ovule vitality in general, had also better ovule vitality in the conditions of emasculation, and pollination absence. The results imply different adaptation of cultivars to higher temperatures before and during the flowering, pointing to the further investigation related to the good adaptability of genotypes to air temperatures in reproductive sense, which is a basic indicator of good adaptability in general.
Physiotherapists’ Perceptions of Disability Awareness in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Pather Joan , Maddocks Stacy , Chemane Nomzamo , Chetty Verusia
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Disability awareness is essential for rehabilitation professionals, such as physiotherapists, to provide an understanding of disability and to influence environmental and attitudinal societal barriers. There is a paucity of literature on the perceptions of physiotherapists about disability awareness in the South African context.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the perceptions of physiotherapists on disability awareness in order to influence the rehabilitative care offered to people with disability.

METHOD: This study adopted an explorative, descriptive qualitative design. Two focus group discussions were conducted with public healthcare physiotherapists employed at urban and rural facilities. Transcribed data were analysed using conventional content thematic analysis. There were five participants in each group: two males and eight females, with nine participants having worked for more than six years.

RESULTS: The discussions revealed five major themes: consequences of a dearth of knowledge; personal influence; facilitators of disability awareness; barriers to disability awareness; and recommendations.

CONCLUSION: Access to healthcare is hindered by a lack of understanding, and the subsequent behaviour, including the stigmatisation of people with disabilities. The study highlighted that poor knowledge of disability and lack of cultural sensitivity among physiotherapists working among communities strongly motivated by cultural beliefs, may influence the rehabilitation of people living with disability. It was concluded that self-reflection, coupled with deeper community engagement and continuing professional development, would enhance physiotherapy practice and disability awareness in the future.
IgG glycosylation in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Kozłowska Kamila , Rydlewska Magdalena , Ząbczyńska Marta , Pocheć Ewa
Published: November 2018

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant glycoprotein in human serum. All IgG subclasses have a single-conserved N-linked glycosylation site at Asn297 of the heavy chain and 10–30% of IgGs are N-glycosylated also in a Fab region. N-glycans of Fc are sialylated and fucosylated biantennary complex-type structures. Glycosylation plays a key role in antibody function, and IgG N-glycans are essential for the proper activity of the immune system. Fc glycans are
important for IgG effector functions, whereas Fab oligosaccharides modulate antigen binding.
Glycosylation changes of IgG are associated with the development of various human diseases,
including autoimmune states. The modification of one sugar moiety in N-glycan structure may
result in the stimulation or suppression of immune response. The lack of core fucose leads to
the enhancement of pro-inflammatory activity, whereas an increase of sialylation determines
immunosuppressive properties of IgG. The contribution of IgG Fc glycosylation changes has
been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus and
Crohn’s disease. A decrease in IgG galactosylation and sialylation, found in these diseases,
activates effector cells and triggers inflammatory reactions. A detailed analysis of changes in
IgG glycosylation and their effects on the development of autoimmune diseases is important
in the treatment of these diseases. IgGs with modified α2,6-sialylation are used as therapeutic
antibodies with anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies on IgG glycosylation have
provided evidence of the role of this post-translational modification in the proper functioning
of antibodies and the importance of changes in the structure of IgG glycans, mainly incomplete
galactosylation and desialylation, in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The continuation
of these studies may contribute to explaining the mechanisms of autoimmunity that is still
poorly understood.
Transparent conductive nanocomposite
layers with polymer matrix and silver
nanowires reinforcement
Authors: Dobrzański L.A. , Nieradka-Buczek B.
Published: November 2018

Purpose: The article deals with one of the completely new groups of composite inorganic
nanostructured materials used in the form of surface layers, characterised by unique
properties, such as transparency over 84.4% in the field of visible light waves, anti-reflective
and electrical properties comparable to semiconductors.
Design/methodology/approach: A technology for producing such layers containing
not less than 5% of silver nanowires by mixing a colloid containing silver nanowires
from fragmented agglomerates by ultrasound homogeniser with the polymer dissolved in
chloroform with good bonding to the polymer matrix and of good quality was developed.
Findings: It was shown that increasing the content of silver nanowires to 30% in composite
layers causes an increase in the refractive coefficient from 1.9 to 2.2 and a decrease in
light transmission from 88.1 to 81.9% and a decrease in the value of light reflection from
11.1% up to 6.7%. With an increased content of silver nanowires, these layers show better
electrical properties, and the width of the energy gap is reduced from 3.93 eV to 1.60 eV.
Composite layers with a mass fraction greater than 5% of silver nanowires show properties
analogous to semiconductors despite the metallic nature of their conductivity.
Research limitations/implications: The use of silver nanowires as a reinforcement of
transparent nanocomposite layers with a poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA matrix improves
selected optical and electrical properties as a result of the uniform distribution of the
reinforcing phase in the matrix material.
Originality/value: The influence of the content of silver nanowires, layering conditions,
applied methods of dispersing silver nanowires in the matrix material on the structure and
properties of newly developed nanocomposite layers was determined.
THE INVESTIGATION BASE ISOLATOR IN CONTROLLING THE RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURES DURING EARTHQUAKES
Authors: Hadi Barghlame , Gavgani Hojjat Hashempour
Published: November 2018

Base isolation systems are among the most successful and widely applied methods of mitigating structural vibration and damage during seismic events. These systems have been installed in numerous full-scale structures all around. There are three principal types of base isolators: Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB), High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB), and Friction Pendulum System (FPS). It is necessary to extensively examine the response of different LRB isolators—by combining them with re-centering and damping properties for isolated steel frame buildings experiencing several NF ground motions. The present research uses comparative-descriptive methodology and application in terms of objectives. The data needed for the study were collected using library references and through reviewing related studies conducted in the past in the same field.

Results of the current comparative investigation indicated significant reductions in the storey drift, shear, and acceleration and increment in the storey displacement. According to the findings of the current study, base isolators provide flexibility to massive structures against earthquakes. These structures are situated on rigid soils. Moreover, base isolation was found to be the most effective in controlling the response of the structures during earthquakes. Finally, shear, storey drift, and storey displacement reduce due to the use of base isolators as compared to the fixed-base structure.
ROUTE TOURIST RAILWAY BANOVIĆI – ZLAĈA
Authors: Bašić Zahid , Džananović Amir
Published: November 2018

This paper shows the possibility that a part of the existing narrow track of Banovići mines 760 mm wide and with the design and part of the new track Banovići - Zlaĉa is used for the tourist track. The project solution is planning a two-phase tourist track, phase I of Banovići-Maĉkovac phase II, MaĉkovacZlaĉa, with a total length of 10,601 m.

The fact that there is a significant fundraising of mining and railway rarity and the noteworthy world tendency for them to create a perspective for the development of railway tourism is the motive for the ever-present history of mining and railroads in these areas, even after the need for transporting trench coals. Realization of this project opens up the possibility of recruiting a new number of employees and utilizing the capacity of the Zlaĉa Hotel or the tourist-catering complex, which is considered one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the canton and in the country.Starting from a series of comparative advantages, such as the existence of a complete railway track infrastructure, with parochial locomotives that are world rarity and unity, and which should be particularly emphasized, are still in function.
DETERMINATION OF AIR REFRACTION INFLUENCE ON TRIGONOMETRIC HEIGHT DIFFERENCES
Authors: Trifković Milan , Nestorović Žarko
Published: November 2018

Efficiency of trigonometric levelling method for height differences determination is better than those determined by geometric levelling but its accuracy is significantly lower. Development of accuracy of geodetic instruments increases possibilities for improvement accuracy of trigonometric levelling.However, air refraction appears as ultimate limitation factor for accuracy of trigonometric heights determination improvement. This paper aims to research the influence of air refraction on accuracy of height differences determined by trigonometric levelling method. Basic statistical hypothesis is that influence of air refraction on height differences is negligible. The case study is based on the results of regular measurements on “Vlasina” dam by using results of geometric and trigonometric levelling.
VARIATION CONCENTRATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND CORRELATION WITH METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Nešković Markić Dragana , Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana
Published: November 2018

Levels of SO2 in air samples from urban zone of Banja Luka were determined at locality Center in Banja Luka (administrative center of the Republic of Srpska, in Bosnia and Herzegovina) which is highly populated area, with intensive traffic and industry. Through experimental measuring, daily and weekend variation of SO2 concentration was determined. Daily variations are directly connected to regime and intensity of traffic and using fossil fuels. The paper presents measured average values of sulfur dioxide, together with max and min values and relationship between some parameters of air quality and meteorological parameters, i. e. for pollution modelling together with meteorological parameters.
INVESTIGATION OF CORRESPONDANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSTRUCTION STONE FOR REHABILITATION OF ALADZA MOSQUE IN FOCA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Đurić Neđo , Đurić Dijana
Published: November 2018

The Aladza Mosque in Foca was built in the middle of the seventeenth century and it was destroyed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Given that it is a monument protected by the state and included in the World Heritage by UNESCO, it is necessary to carry out its rehabilitation. It is essential to construct the religion building of the same materials, dimensions and exterior form.

Since the building was demolished in its entirety, there has been damage to some original stone fragments that the mosque was built of. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new supplies of stone matching the original.

Firstly, research were conduscted with the existing original fragments and based on them were overwied the possibilities for finding an appropriate sites of the stone in the immediate vicinity. Based on a certain mineralogical-petrologic and geomechanical characteristics of the original fragments originating from the various structural components of the mosque, six locations were selected for the investigation of possible finding sites in the immediate area. Samples that were taken underwent the same testing procedures. Obtained results indicate that samples from four sites can be used as a material for rehabilitation because their characteristics match the original fragments.

 
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ROADWAY CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE LOCAL NETWORK ROADS
Authors: Bašić Zahid
Published: November 2018

This work's searching subject are Banovici's local roads which represent mutually dependent municipality or town traffic system that is connected to regional or motorway road system, and uncategorized roads which represent every traffic area that is not categorized as public road.Also it gives a view of local and uncategorized roads but those that are built using macadam and flexible (asphalt) road construction with given advantages and disadvantages of present built flexible constructions.This work also contains a maintenance review of macadam and flexible (asphalt) road constructions with given road maintenance costs annually. Road dimensioning construction has been done, optimal thickness and road construction level type has been obtained.

The guideline method for designing and maintaining roads in B&H is the one by which dimensioning has been made considering the same embrace more familiar dimensioning methods but demanding more input details.These details start with traffic burden, groundwork capacity, project road characteristics, traffic burden estimate as well as other factors that have impact on traffic burden. Concerning given results, using parallel analyses the most optimal solution of local and uncategorized road traffic construction has been defined for a price of 1m2, so the specific conclusions have been made.
A false negative study of the steganalysis tool: Stegdetect
Authors: Aziz Benjamin , Jung Jeyong
Published: November 2018

Steganography and Steganalysis in recent years have become an important area of research involving dierent applications. Steganography is the process of hiding secret data into any digital media without any signicant notable changes in a cover object, while steganalysis is the process of detecting hiding content in the cover object. In this study, we evaluated one of the modern automated steganalysis tools, Stegdetect, to study its false negative rates when analysing a bulk of images. In so doing, we used JPHide method to embed a randomly generated messages into 2000 JPEG images. The aim of this study is to help digital forensics analysts during their investigations by means of providing an idea of the false negative rates of Stegdetect. This study found that (1) the false negative rates depended largely on the tool's sensitivity values, (2) the tool had a high false negative rate between the sensitivity values from 0.1 to 3.4 and (3) the best sensitivity value for detection of JPHide method was 6.2. It is recommended that when analysing a huge bulk of images forensic analysts need to take into consideration sensitivity values to reduce the false negative rates of Stegdetect.
A learning mechanism completed in milliseconds capable of transitioning to stabilizable forms can generate working, short and long-term memories - A verifiable mechanism
Authors: Vadakkan Kunjumon I
Published: November 2018

Multiple associative learning events can take place within sub-second time and the "completed" mechanism can then be used for specific memory retrieval without any lapse of time. This indicates that a biological process is completed within the matching time-scales of milliseconds that can be used for retrieving specific memory. Since qualia of working, short-term and long-term memories are same except for degradation of features in long-term memory and since every long-term memory had the capability to induce working memory immediately after learning, all memories are anticipated to get induced from a mechanism formed at the time of learning. When memories are viewed as first-person internal sensations, a derived mechanism fulfills the "completion" requirement within milliseconds that can be used to induce working memory and can be transitioned to stabilizable forms to induce short-term and long-term memories.
Operational Considerations of Passing Zones for Two-lane Highways: Spanish Case Study
Authors: Moreno Ana Tsui , Llorca Carlos , Washburn Scott S. , Bessa Jose Elievam Jr. , Garcia Alfredo
Published: November 2018

The U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. In two-lane undivided highways, the effect of limiting where drivers could pass slower vehicles, or passing restrictions, is considered through the percentage of no-passing zones. This measure does not account for how passing opportunities are distributed along the road. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect percentage of no-passing zones and average passing zone length on a two-lane highway and, if significant, incorporate them in the analysis methodology,. The TWOPAS microsimulation program was calibrated and validated to the Spanish conditions. Passing restrictions had little effect on average traffic speed (ATS), with differences lower than 6 km/h between a road segment with no passing restrictions and a road segment with a passing restriction on 100% of its length. Conversely, passing restrictions can increase the percent time spent following (PTSF) up to 30%. Increasing the passing zone length beyond 2,000 m does not improve PTSF. The new models could be used to better estimate traffic operation on Spanish two-lane highways.
The Impact of Using Modern Information and Communication Equipment and Services on Driving Safety
Authors: Jovović Ivan , Peraković Dragan , Husnjak Siniša
Published: November 2018

With the development and application of modern information and communication equipment and services (ICES), global society has undergone significant development and progress in everyday life. Along with the positive, negative aspects of their usage have evolved. One of the problems is the new sources of driver distraction, which ultimately results in a serious, growing daily threat to traffic safety. Simultaneously with the development of ICES, the number of distracters (mobile terminal devices, laptops, smart watches, and others) has increased as well, which also reduces the level of safety and affects the quality of driving. With the increase in participation and ownership of mobile terminal devices, as well as the implementation of modern multimedia information and communication systems in vehicles, this problem will further escalate in the coming years. The unfavorable factor comes from the fact that distraction factors influenced by using ICES belong to bio-mechanical, cognitive, auditory, and visual categories, which directly affects essential human functions for successful and safe vehicle operation. This paper provides insight into the issue of distraction factors that affect drivers with an emphasis on those caused by using modern ICES.
Urban Mobility and City Logistics – Trends and Case Study
Authors: Rezende Amaral Rodrigo , Šemanjski Ivana , Gautama Sidharta , Aghezzaf El-Houssaine
Published: November 2018

Improving urban mobility is crucial to the sustainable development of a city. Well-managed movement of individuals, goods, and services is essential to increase citizens’ welfare, not only by reducing travel times and congestion levels, but also by minimizing air pollution, noise, accidents, etc. To achieve the desired results, the objectives and scope of the optimization efforts have become broader in recent years. Instead of focusing only on the flows and on the network itself, research and projects have connected various areas of economy to traffic management, such as public health and logistic optimization. In this work we discuss the interconnections between urban mobility and city logistics, and present a case study showing how the mobility plan implemented in Ghent (Belgium) in April 2017 affected its logistic system.