bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semigroup quasivarieties: Two lattices and a reopened problem
Authors: Koussas Tim
Published: June 2021

We determine all quasivarieties of aperiodic semigroups that are contained in some residually finite variety. This endeavor was initially motivated by a problem in natural dualities, but our work here also serves as a partial correction to an error found in a result of Sapir from the 1980s.
An O(N) Algorithm for the Computation of the Centroidal Dynamics with Application in the Postural Balance of a Humanoid Robot Using Whole Body Control
Authors: Rojas-Rodriguez Jose C. , Aguilar-Bustos Ana Y. , Bugarin Eusebio
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce an [Formula: see text] algorithm for the computation of the centroidal momentum matrix (CMM) and its time derivative using spatial algebra and expressed with Lie algebra operators. The proposed algorithm is applied to the postural balance of a humanoid robot using whole body control with quadratic programming. The employed tasks only require the CMM and its time derivative without the need of the joint space inertia matrix and the Coriolis terms reducing this way the computational cost of the controller. Finally, four simulation scenarios programmed in Julia are considered where several perturbations for the balance of the robot have been taken into account and according to the tracking graphs of the center of mass, centroidal momentum and the trajectories of the center of pressure it is concluded that the performance of the proposed algorithm is satisfactory.
New Phenoxazine-Based Organic Dyes with Various Acceptors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, DSSCs Fabrications and DFT Study
Authors: Kumaran T. Saravana , Prakasam A. , Anbarasan P. M. , Vennila P. , Venkatesh G. , Banu S. Parveen , Mary Y. Sheena
Published: June 2021

As sensitizers, a series of organic dyes containing phenoxazine is synthesized for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes were characterized using FT-IR, NMR and UV experiments. Quantum chemical calculations were used to gain insight into the structural, electronic and photophysical properties including its as-synthesized sensitizers, as well as to allocate experimental spectroscopic results. It has been observed that increasing the electron-donor potential and the [Formula: see text]-conjugated bridge of the dyes would increase the photovoltaic performance. The obtained two dyes have substantially higher efficiency of 6.6 and 6.4%, respectively, under the modeled AM1.5G conditions. Efficient electron injection from the excited sensitizer to the conduction band of TiO2 film occurs due to further delocalizing electrons in the [Formula: see text]-conjugated bridge and donor areas of the dyes. Using cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical efficiency of BPA and BPCA was evaluated, and reversible oxidation signals were reported.
A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale
Authors: Shields Graham A. , Strachan Robin A. , Porter Susannah M. , Halverson Galen P. , Macdonald Francis A. , Plumb Kenneth A. , de Alvarenga Carlos J. , Banerjee Dhiraj M. , Bekker Andrey , Bleeker Wouter , Brasier Alexander , Chakraborty Partha P. , Collins Alan S. , Condie Kent , Das Kaushik , Evans David A. D. , Ernst Richard , Fallick Anthony E. , Frimmel Hartwig , Fuck Reinhardt , Hoffman Paul F. , Kamber Balz S. , Kuznetsov Anton B. , Mitchell Ross N. , Poiré Daniel G. , Poulton Simon W. , Riding Robert , Sharma Mukund , Storey Craig , Stueeken Eva , Tostevin Rosalie , Turner Elizabeth , Xiao Shuhai , Zhang Shuanhong , Zhou Ying , Zhu Maoyan
Published: June 2021

The geological timescale before 720 Ma uses rounded absolute ages rather than specific events recorded in rocks to subdivide time. This has led increasingly to mismatches between subdivisions and the features for which they were named. Here we review the formal processes that led to the current timescale, outline rock-based concepts that could be used to subdivide pre-Cryogenian time and propose revisions. An appraisal of the Precambrian rock record confirms that purely chronostratigraphic subdivision would require only modest deviation from current chronometric boundaries, removal of which could be expedited by establishing event-based concepts and provisional, approximate ages for eon-, era- and period-level subdivisions. Our review leads to the following conclusions: (1) the current informal four-fold Archean subdivision should be simplified to a tripartite scheme, pending more detailed analysis, and (2) an improved rock-based Proterozoic Eon might comprise a Paleoproterozoic Era with three periods (
early Paleoproterozoic
or
Skourian
, Rhyacian, Orosirian), Mesoproterozoic Era with four periods (Statherian, Calymmian, Ectasian, Stenian) and a Neoproterozoic Era with four periods (pre-Tonian or
Kleisian
, Tonian, Cryogenian and Ediacaran). These proposals stem from a wide community and could be used to guide future development of the pre-Cryogenian timescale by international bodies.
Roles of Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-Like Molecules in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Regulation: A Nutritional Perspective
Authors: Rahman S.M. Khaledur , Uyama Toru , Hussain Zahir , Ueda Natsuo
Published: June 2021

The endocannabinoid system is involved in signal transduction in mammals. It comprises principally G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists, called endocannabinoids, as well as the enzymes and transporters responsible for the metabolism of endocannabinoids. Two arachidonic acid–containing lipid molecules, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, function as endocannabinoids. N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols, in which the arachidonic acid chain is replaced with a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid, are not directly involved in the endocannabinoid system but exhibit agonistic activities for other receptors. These endocannabinoid-like moleculesinclude palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and 2-oleoylglycerol. Endocannabinoids stimulate feeding behavior and the anabolism of lipids and glucose, while OEA suppresses appetite. Both central and peripheral systems are included in these nutritional and metabolic contexts. Therefore, they have potential in the treatment and prevention of obesity. We outline the structure, metabolism, and biological activities of endocannabinoids and related molecules, and focus on their involvement in energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation.
On the Critical Factors for Estimating the Pit Stability Product under a Salt Film
Authors: Wang Ke , Salasi Mobin , Bakhtiari Sam , Iannuzzi Mariano
Published: June 2021

The pit stability product of 316L stainless steel (SS) under a salt film was examined by experimental techniques, analytical methods, and numerical modeling. Both analytical and numerical results suggested that electromigration had a measurable contribution to the dissolution current during stable pit growth under a salt film, preventing the use of the 1D Fick’s law of diffusion to obtain the pit stability product under such conditions. Moreover, the numerical results indicated that migration contributed to almost ⅔ of the mass transport limiting current. Although the diffusion coefficient of metal cations decreased with an increasing concentration inside the pit, it could be replaced by a constant diffusion coefficient, defined as an equivalent diffusion coefficient. When the complexation reaction was cconsidered, the modeling results agreed with the experimental data, indicating that a 4.2 M FeCl2 could be used as a simplified pit-like electrolyte to estimate the pit stability product under a salt film for 316L SS.
Prediction Model of Juvenile Football Players’ Sports Injury Based on Text Classification Technology of Machine Learning
Authors: He Kai
Published: June 2021

As the level of soccer in our country has improved rapidly, the level of skill has gradually improved, and the requirements for training of athletes have increased. Due to changes in athlete training methods, it has been decided that athletes must bear a great risk of sports injuries. Accurate prediction of injuries is very important for the development of youth soccer. Based on this, this paper proposes a text classification algorithm based on machine learning and builds a sports injury prediction model that can accurately predict athlete injuries, reduce athlete injuries during training, and be effective. We put forward various sports suitable for young athletes, and put forward some measures to prevent and alleviate athletes’ injuries. This article selects 48 football players from a college of physical education of a university for testing. The athletes participating in the experiment use professional equipment to collect exercise volume and exercise load data, and real-time records of each athlete's physical fitness data within half a year, through the athlete's exercise volume, exercise load, body metabolism, and physical indicators to predict their sports injury. Experiments show that from the degree of injury, it can be seen that the severe injury is the least, with 5 cases of muscle injury, 2 cases of fascia ligament injury, and 1 case of joint injury. There were 25 cases of mild injuries, accounting for 41.0% of the total. This is because the athlete’s sports injury prediction model has better prediction capabilities, allowing athlete coaches and therapists to optimize training courses, ultimately preventing injuries, improving training levels, and reducing rehabilitation costs.
[Retracted] Analysis of Multiobjective Scheduling Model for Emergency Management under Multiresource Combination of Disaster Chains
Authors: Su Dan , Lei Xiaokang , Wang Yongming , Wang Haijun
Published: June 2021

This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of urban hazard chains. The results demonstrate that the complex interaction between the disaster‐bearing bodies under the action of disaster‐causing factors is the direct cause of urban hazard chains. The analysis of the energy effects of urban hazard chains shows that the coupling of the excitation energy released by the causative agent and the energy of the disaster‐bearing bodies is the fundamental cause of urban hazard chains. Based on the description of the dynamical mechanism of the urban disaster chain system, this paper first sets up a disaster scenario and considers the effect of the time lag to establish a system dynamics model of the urban disaster chain and urban disaster management. The model of urban disaster management system dynamics shows the mutual influence and complementary relationship between disasters and the economy, pointing out that emphasizing the spill‐over effects of disaster management systems can improve the effectiveness of disaster mitigation. This study also uses equilibrium entropy and brittle entropy theories to characterize the vulnerability of single‐function networks and the degree of brittle association of each lifeline subsystem, respectively, and establishes a model for assessing the sensitivity of lifeline systems to disaster damage. Built on the collection and feedback of information from disaster areas after the occurrence of emergencies, this paper establishes a deterministic multihazard emergency resource dispatches model and an uncertain multihazard emergency resource dispatch model.
Preclinical Assessment of a Novel Conformable Foam‐Based Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device
Authors: Sommer Robert J. , Lamport Ronald , Melanson David , Devellian Carol , Levine Andy , Cain Christopher M. , Kaplan Aaron V. , Gray William A.
Published: June 2021

Background. Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion has been established as an alternative to systemic anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation; however, limitations of current devices have slowed adoption. We present preclinical evaluations of a novel device, the Conformal Left Atrial Appendage Seal (CLAAS). Methods. An in vitro assessment of conformability was conducted to evaluate the two CLAAS devices (regular 27 mm and large 35 mm) and a Watchman 2.5 (27 mm). Devices were placed within silicone tubes and compressed in a vise submerged in a water bath at 37°C. Changes in device diameter and visual seal were noted. Acute (n = 1) and chronic 60‐day (n = 6) canine studies with gross and histologic assessment were performed. Results. Conformability bench tests demonstrated that the regular CLAAS implant was able to seal oval orifices from 20 × 30 mm to 15 × 33 mm and the large from 30 × 35 mm to 20 × 40 mm. As the CLAAS implant was compressed in the minor diameter, it increased in the major diameter, thereby filling the oval space, whereas the Watchman 2.5 showed gaps and maintained its round configuration when compressed in one direction. Seven devices were successfully implanted in the canine model with complete seal without thrombus. Histologic examination showed complete neointima covering with minimal inflammation at 60 days. Conclusions. Preclinical testing demonstrated the conformability of the CLAAS implant and its ability to seal the LAA. Clinical studies are ongoing to characterize the utility of the CLAAS implant in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Orthodontic Treatment Based on Wearable Mirror-Type Oral Prosthetic Tongue Flap without Bracket Correction
Authors: Chen Yagang , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wu Wenwen
Published: June 2021

White teeth can make people full of confidence and satisfy the concept of modern life from the love of beauty. Due to the fusion of computer-aided design and teeth, invisible orthodontics has become the focus of research. Invisible orthodontic treatment technology can predict the results of orthodontics. How to automatically calculate the position and posture of the teeth in the middle stage of orthodontics is the key point of the treatment technology. In order to solve this problem, this article is divided into two parts to start research. Aiming at the problem of tooth orthodontic path planning, quaternion is used to define the tooth posture, combined with the initial posture and target posture of the tooth. A two-stage method is given to plan a collision-free path for the orthodontic tooth. In the first stage, the quaternion spherical linear interpolation and position linear interpolation are used to obtain the intermediate posture of the tooth during orthodontics, and the initial value of the orthodontic stage is obtained, and the obtained intermediate posture is used as a sampling node to apply to the next stage. In the second phase, considering the problem of orthodontic collision and interference, a scheme for calculating the priority of orthodontics is proposed, and the random node expansion part in the RRT (Rapid-exploration Random Tree) algorithm is improved. The initial value of the orthodontic phase is used to calculate the initial value of the iteration. Finally, a path with no collision and the least number of orthodontic stages is searched from the random tree of each tooth node. The experimental results and analysis show that this method can quickly and effectively solve the orthodontic path of teeth, and it is used clinically. The clasp-free invisible correction technology pushes the molars far away to leave gaps for treating patients with mild to moderate overcrowding. The treatment time should be reduced by at least 30%; the stability of the gaps and the long-term healing effect of the treatment provide a reference.
[Retracted] Foreign Trade Export Forecast Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: June 2021

This article first analyzes the significance and methods of foreign trade export forecasting and determines the index system of foreign trade export forecasting by analyzing the results of foreign trade export forecasting research at home and abroad. Subsequently, the related concepts and principles of artificial neural network and fuzzy theory are explained, the types and training algorithms of the fuzzy neural network are introduced, and the neural network and fuzzy theory are combined to establish the prediction model. Finally, according to the characteristics of foreign trade exports, this article comprehensively considers the influence of various factors, applies the fuzzy neural network model to the foreign trade export forecast, introduces the whole process of the establishment of the fuzzy neural network forecasting model in detail, and predicts the change interval of foreign trade exports.
Initial Results of Tests Using GSR Biofeedback as a New Neurorehabilitation Technology Complementing Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Markiewicz Renata , Dobrowolska Beata
Published: June 2021

Galvanic skin response (GSR) Biofeedback uses training to reduce tension and anxiety and improve concentration and self‐regulation. The study was aimed to evaluate this method as a form of rehabilitation and quantify the outcomes achieved by patients undergoing training using this technique. Six schizophrenic patients were enrolled in the study and underwent training based on the relaxation training module (CENTER), concentration training module (BALANCE), and self‐regulation training module (INSECTS). Training sessions were held twice a week for 6 weeks. From the total group of subjects involved in the study, two patients had a statistically significant increase in measured values after the CENTER exercise, indicating that relaxation was achieved. Four patients showed a statistically significant decrease in measured values after the BALANCE exercise, which was reflective of an improvement in concentration. Three patients had a statistically significant decrease in measured values after the INSECTS exercise, which indicated an improvement in self‐regulation. GSR Biofeedback may be used to complement the pharmacological treatment of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Network Traffic Statistics Method for Resource‐Constrained Industrial Project Group Scheduling under Big Data
Authors: Huo Zongjie , Zhu Wei , Pei Pei
Published: June 2021

With the advent of the Internet era, the demand for network in various fields is growing, and network applications are increasingly rich, which brings new challenges to network traffic statistics. How to carry out network traffic statistics efficiently and accurately has become the focus of research. Although the current research results are many, they are not very ideal. Based on the era background of big data and machine learning algorithm, this paper uses the ant colony algorithm to solve the typical resource‐constrained project scheduling problem and finds the optimal solution of network traffic resource allocation problem. Firstly, the objective function and mathematical model of the resource‐constrained project scheduling problem are established, and the ant colony algorithm is used for optimization. Then, the project scheduling problem in PSPLIB is introduced, which contains 10 tasks and 1 renewable resource. The mathematical model and ant colony algorithm are used to solve the resource‐constrained project scheduling problem. Finally, the data quantity and frequency of a PCU with a busy hour IP of 112.58.14.66 are analyzed and counted. The experimental results show that the algorithm can get the unique optimal solution after the 94th generation, which shows that the parameters set in the solution method are appropriate and the optimal solution can be obtained. The schedule of each task in the optimal scheduling scheme is very compact and reasonable. The peak time of network traffic is usually between 9 : 00 and 19 : 00‐21 : 00. We can reasonably schedule the network resources according to these time periods. Therefore, the network traffic statistics method based on the solution of resource constrained industrial project group scheduling problem under big data can effectively carry out network traffic statistics and trend analysis.
Identification of Prognostic Risk Model Based on DNA Methylation‐Driven Genes in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Wang Jinjie , Zhou Hao , Huang Zhanghao , Qian Li , Shi Wei
Published: June 2021

Background. DNA methylation is an important part of epigenetic modification, and its abnormality is closely related to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This study was aimed at using bioinformatics analysis to identify methylation‐driven genes (MDGs) in EAC patients and establish a risk model as a biological indicator of EAC prognosis. Method. Downloaded EAC DNA methylation, transcriptome, and related clinical data from TCGA database. MethylMix was used to identify MDGs. R package clusterProfiler and the ConsensusPathDB online database were used to analyze the rich functions and pathways of these MDGs. The prognostic risk model was established by univariate Cox regression, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally each MDG in the model were carried out through the survival R package. Results. A total of 273 MDGs were identified, which were enriched in transcriptional regulation and embryonic organ morphogenesis. Cox regression analysis established a risk model consisting of GPBAR1, OLFM4, FOXI2, and CASP10. In addition, further survival analysis revealed that OLFM4 and its two related sites were significantly related to the EAC patients’ survival. Conclusion. In summary, this study used bioinformatics methods to identify EAC MDGs and established a reliable risk prognosis model. It provided potential biomarkers for the early treatment and prognosis evaluation of EAC.
Severe Adult Still’s Disease Complicated by Purtscher-Like Retinopathy Treated with Intravenous Pulse Methylprednisolone and Tocilizumab
Authors: Akiyama Kaho , Iwasaki Yukiko , Tanaka Rie
Published: June 2021

Adult Still’s disease (ASD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder in which ocular manifestations have rarely been described. We report a 29-year-old Japanese woman with a rare case of refractory ASD complicated by Purtscher-like retinopathy. She was diagnosed with ASD and started on a high dose of oral prednisolone. Two days after the initiation of the treatment, she presented with blurred vision in the left eye, and the funduscopic examination revealed bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy. Despite treatment with high-dose oral prednisolone for 2 weeks, she developed macrophage activation syndrome. Considering the severity of ASD, intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy and tocilizumab injection were administered. Although all the laboratory data and Purtscher-like retinopathy gradually improved, nerve fiber layer defect (NFLD) in both eyes appeared and visual field defect remained corresponding to the NFLD. In conclusion, Purtscher-like retinopathy might be useful as a poor prognostic factor of ASD, which needs appropriate systemic immunosuppressive treatment. Early detection and long-term follow-up of Purtscher-like retinopathy is important because it has the possibility of developing permanent visual field defect.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЛІКУВАЛЬНОГО МАСАЖУ ВОЛОСЯНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ГОЛОВИ З ЕФІРНИМИ ОЛІЯМИ НА РІСТ ВОЛОССЯ
Authors: Kachanov O. E. , Oleshchuk O. M.
Published: June 2021

Наведені результати експериментальних досліджень та порівняльний аналіз отриманих результатів, що підтверджують збільшення об’єму волосяної частини голови на 29,1 % після проведення лікувального масажу волосяної частини голови без використання ефірних олій та на 40,5 % – з ефірними оліями.
Dos muros às frestas: a Irmandade Nossa Senhora da Lampadosa como espaço étnico-cultural
Authors: Ferreira Layla Silva
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir a Irmandade Nossa Senhora da Lampadosa por meio das suas festas. Como objeto, será analisada a Coroação de Reis da nação Cabundá, realizada em outubro de 1811. Por meio disso, é possível que se desenvolva um estudo étnico-cultural, pensando nas nações dos escravizados que compunham a Irmandade e suas sociabilidades. Ou seja, a construção de suas identidades por meio da cultura da Coroação de Reis. Assim, o âmbito cultural e da sociabilidade étnica são os centros desta análise, preocupada com a formação de identidades.
A representação dos curdos no melodrama turco: "Sila, prisioneira do amor"
Authors: Imaral Pricyla Weber
Published: June 2021

Este artigo retoma de maneira resumida a analise desenvolvida a respeito das representações das populações curdas nas telenovelas (séries) turcas, buscando entender o poder da mídia em influenciar na percepção de nacionalidade dos cidadãos. A pesquisa feita através da telenovela “Sila Prisioneira do Amor” Sila, originalmente é um drama turco (série contendo três temporadas), escrito por Gül Oğuz[1] e distribuídas pela emissora ATV. Foi exibida pela primeira vez em 2006 na Turquia. No Brasil, chegou em de 2016, foi adaptada para telenovela com título em português, Sila, Prisioneira do Amor contendo 199 episódios, transmitida pela Rede Bandeirantes em horário nobre. Sila, assim como no Brasil, teve grande público em toda América Latina, alcançando mais de dezesseis países do continente. A partir da análise da telenovela foi desenvolvido um estudo a respeito da narrativa melodramática como maneira de promover estilos de vida e cultura. Neste cenário, buscamos extrair os estereótipos que corroboram para a estigmatização da população curda no país através dos meios de telecomunicação, neste caso, o melodrama turco “Sila, prisioneira do amor.” Nos alicerçamos então, na fonte ficcional para expor como os processos de silenciamento histórico estão implícitos na trama e trazem uma reflexão sobre o que seria uma cultura “atrasada.”  Neste aspecto entendemos o melodrama como um auxiliar pedagógico que atua na educação do ethnos nacional. Entendendo a televisão como uma ferramenta que auxilia no processo de modernização do país, que há anos encontra-se alinhadas às ideologias do desenvolvimento, para moldar seus públicos e trazê-los para a modernidade nacional conforme aponta Abu-Lughod (2002).

Palavras Chave: Curdo, Curditão, Nacionalismo turco, Telenovela, Turquia.

 

[1]Produtora, diretora e escritora. Fundou “Most Production” uma produtora da voltada para atrações de entretenimento. Entre seus trabalhos mais famosos estão, “Hatirla Gönüll” e “Hayat Sarkisi”
Description of a new water mite species of the genus Thyopsis (Protz, 1899) (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Hydryphantidae) from Kazakhstan
Authors: TUZOVSKIJ PETR V.
Published: June 2021

The world fauna of the genus Thyopsis Piersig, 1899 currently includes the following species: Th. amarginata Habeeb, 1963, Th. cancellata (Protz, 1896), Th. cancellatomima Bader, 1983, Th. majorella Habeeb, 1975, Th. oezkani Bader, 1983 and Th. rothae Oezkan, 1982 (Bader 1983). However, the taxonomic status of Th. cancellatomima remains not clear, Gerecke & Schwoerbel (1992) regarded this species as a junior synonym of Th. cancellata.
Description of Chlorogomphus danhkyi sp. nov. from Vu Quang National Park, central Vietnam with notes on other congeners from the Park (Odonata: Chlorogomphidae)
Authors: PHAN QUOC TOAN , KARUBE HARUKI , HUNG NGUYEN VIET , ANH TRAN DINH
Published: June 2021

Chlorogomphus danhkyi sp. nov. (Holotype ♂: Khe Ro, Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh Province, 15.0444 N, 107.9270 E, altitude 1480 m) based on both sexes is described. The new species differs from Chlorogomphus piaoacensis Karube, 2013 mainly by the shape of male cerci. Other species of Chlorogomphus Selys, 1854 from Vu Quang National Park are also recorded.
A Review of Parameterizations for Enthalpy and Momentum Fluxes from Sea Spray in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Sroka Sydney , Emanuel Kerry
Published: June 2021

The intensity of tropical cyclones is sensitive to the air-sea fluxes of enthalpy and momentum. Sea spray plays a critical role in mediating enthalpy and momentum fluxes over the ocean’s surface at high wind speeds, and parameterizing the influence of sea spray is a crucial component of any air-sea interaction scheme used for the high wind regime where sea spray is ubiquitous. Many studies have proposed parameterizations of air-sea flux that incorporate the microphysics of sea spray evaporation and the mechanics of sea spray stress. Unfortunately, there is not yet a consensus on which parameterization best represents air-sea exchange in tropical cyclones, and the different proposed parameterizations can yield substantially different tropical cyclone intensities. This paper seeks to review the developments in parameterizations of the sea spray-mediated enthalpy and momentum fluxes for the high wind speed regime and to synthesize key findings that are common across many investigations.
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest Among Speakers, Moderators, Presenters, and Discussants at National Trauma Meetings
Authors: Sutherland Mason , Sen-Crowe Brendon , Shir Adam , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2021

Background

Official conference participants (OCPs) consisting of speakers, moderators, discussants, and presenters) with conflicts of interest (COI) could negatively influence the audience’s ability to fairly evaluate information if their COI is not properly disclosed. We aim to examine the patterns of COI disclosures by OCPs and the nature and extent of financial compensation at 3 annual trauma conferences.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis of COI disclosures of OCPs, in the EAST, WTA, and AAST Annual Meetings from 2016 to 2019. The Open Payments Database (OPD) was used to describe the nature and extent of financial compensation. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests were performed with significance defined as P < .05.

Results

Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma: conflicts of interest ranged from 3.8 to 6.0% of OCPs. Moderators, discussants, and presenters comprised decreasing proportions disclosing COIs, whereas speakers comprised an increasing proportion. Western Trauma Association : conflicts of interest ranged from 1.3 to 6.8% of OCPs. Moderators comprised an increasing proportion whereas speakers comprised a decreasing proportion. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma: conflicts of interest ranged from 3.6 to 5.4% of OCPs. Speakers, moderators, and presenters comprised progressively decreasing proportions, whereas discussants comprised an increasing proportion. Participants who did not disclose a COI comprised the majority of payment recipients in the OPD.

Conclusion

Official conference participants who disclosed a COI varied between EAST, WTA, and AAST Annual Meetings from 2016 to 2019. Implementation of standardized COI disclosure policies with explicitly communicated definitions/categories can maximize the participants’ understanding of the disclosure process, translate into improved COI reporting, and preserve an evidence-based environment that is free from commercial influence for physicians to teach and learn.
Shift Length and Shift Length Preference Among Acute Care Surgeons
Authors: Kepros John , Haag Susan , Lewandowski Karen , Bauer Frank , Ali Hirra , Markowski Helen , Green Donald , Najafi Kaveh , Sheppard Tina
Published: June 2021

Background

Work hour restrictions have been imposed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education since 2003 for medical trainees. Many acute care surgeons currently work longer shifts but their preferred shift length is not known.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of the current shift length among trauma and acute care surgeons and to identify the surgeons’ preference for shift length. Data collection included a questionnaire with a national administration. Frequencies and percentages are reported for categorical variables and medians and means with SDs are reported for continuous variables. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between call shift choice and trauma center level (level 1 and level II), age, and gender.

Results

Data from 301 surgeons in 42 states included high-level trauma centers. Assuming the number of trauma surgeons in the United States is 4129, a sample of 301 gives the survey a 5% margin of error. The median age was 43 years (M = 46, SD = 9.44) and 33% were female. Currently, only 23.3% of acute care surgeons work a 12-hour shift, although 72% prefer the shorter shift. The preference for shorter shifts was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between call shift length preference and trauma center level, age, or gender.

Conclusion

Most surgeons currently work longer than 12-hour shifts. Yet, there was a preference for 12-hour shifts indicating there is a gap between current and preferred shift length. These findings have the potential to substantially impact staffing models.
Serum Alanine Transaminase Is an Inadequate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Screening Test in Adolescents: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018
Authors: Abrams Gary A. , Rabil Anna M. , Williams Ana-Ysabel P. , Hecht Eric M.
Published: June 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in overweight adolescents, and screening with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We sought to determine if ALT is an accurate adolescent screening measure for NAFLD in a nationally representative sample of overweight adolescents. Diagnosis of NAFLD was determined using vibration-controlled transient elastography. Analyses were performed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Youden’s index at various serum ALT cutoff levels. Receiver operating curves were generated in order to determine ALT’s discrimination capability. Males and females were analyzed separately. While average measures (mean and median) of ALT were higher in subjects with NAFLD, ALT provided only minimal discrimination with AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic) values of .66 in males and .67 in females. In a nationally representative sample of overweight and obese adolescents, serum ALT level functioned inadequately as a screening test to detect NAFLD.
Expanding Mechanisms of Governance: Uncertainty and Risk in Police Decision-Making Strategies in the Pursuit of Specialized Peace Bonds
Authors: Ballucci Dale , Lecoq Garrett
Published: June 2021

This study examines police officers’ decision-making practices through analyzing how they determine which offenders are candidates for an 810, or peace bond. This legal tool allows police officers to petition the courts for continued surveillance and conditions for offenders postrelease. Little, however, is offered in terms of assessment guidelines on how to make such determinations. As a result, police officers discretionary behaviors and additional legal factors play a key role in these determinations. Our findings advance the idea that “uncertainty” is the central object to be managed, and further complicate how risk is constructed and mobilized by suggesting that risk assessments result in over-precautionary practices.
How American Adults Obtain Work Skills: Results of a New National Survey
Authors: Osterman Paul
Published: June 2021

Employer-provided training is an important determinant of economic outcomes, yet our understanding of its extent and distribution is well out of date—with the most recent national survey being from 2008. This article updates our understanding of employer-provided training through a 2020 nationally representative survey of 3,648 working civilian adults between the ages of 24 and 64. Results show that while employer-provided training is reasonably extensive, considerable disparities occur along the lines of race, ethnicity, and educational attainment. Additionally, the author contributes to the literature by making clear distinctions among types of employment—standard, contract (those employed by a contract company but working onsite at another firm), and freelancer (those with no employer per se). Contract workers receive considerably less employer training than do employees who work under standard arrangements. Findings are robust to a range of job skill measures as well as skill specificity. The author also examines the relationship between employer-provided training and whether people seek out training on their own and shows that the inequalities in access to employer-provided training are accentuated with self-directed training.
A word about . . . Claude Broach, pastoral ecumenical activist
Authors: Harmon Steven R.
Published: June 2021

This article explores the life and ministerial career of Claude U. Broach (1913–1997), who served as the pastor of St. John’s Baptist Church in Charlotte, North Carolina, from 1944 through 1974 and in retirement served as the first full-time director of the Wake Forest University-Belmont Abbey College Ecumenical Institute. After detailing various aspects of Broach’s ministry as a pastoral ecumenical activist, the article identifies six features of Broach’s ecumenical activism that others can emulate today: (1) an emphasis on developing ecumenical relationships with the tradition with the greatest degree of difference from the Baptist tradition, the Catholic Church; (2) dialogue with Judaism as an aspect of ecumenical relations rather than inter-religious relations; (3) the development of personal relationships with Christians from other traditions; (4) the quest for Christian unity as the obligation of every believer; (5) receptive ecumenism, rather than the merger of denominations, as the path to the ecumenical future; and (6) the skillful use of media connections to serve as a public ecumenical theologian.
Sandra Bland at the cross: A womanist reading of Mark 15:40-47
Authors: Parker Angela N.
Published: June 2021

How do women who lack power and privilege experience the cross? How do women who lack power and privilege view privileged men at the cross? How do such questions probe issues of Jesus’s death in the Markan passion narrative? This article employs a womanist hermeneutic of “gazing” to interpret differently the complexity of women in close proximity to death while interrogating one particular woman’s close proximity to death in contemporary memory: Sandra Bland. Particularly, a womanist hermeneutic of gazing coupled with a womanist hermeneutic of suspicion provides a liberating space for nuanced engagement with the women who gaze upon Jesus’s crucifixion from afar. Recognizing specifically that the Gospel of Mark uses the Greek word βλέπω ( blepō) to identify “seeing” as a metaphor for belief, how does a womanist understanding of the Greek term θεωρέω ( theōreō, which the gospel writer uses sparingly) crack open the text for contemporary audiences? Engaging issues of power, privilege, and death in relationship to the “gaze” of Mark 15:40-47, this article highlights that the women who attempt to anoint Jesus’s body in the Markan narrative, because of their gender in the highly charged testosterone environment of a militarized imperial execution, have more “skin in the game,” different from the privileged position of men in the text. What happens when women are confronted with men who exhibit high levels of masculine testosterone and masculine identity? Like Sandra Bland, they are closer to death. Accordingly, thinking through the women who go to anoint Jesus with contemporary women today means that women who are often closer to death must continue the analytical work of “gazing”, as found in Mark 15:47 to the point that returning the “gaze” produces change for those closest to death (e.g., black and brown bodies close to militarized imperial violence).
Toward Jerusalem: A journey of the eternal now (A Sermon)
Authors: Wilson Richard Francis
Published: June 2021

This article is a theological-ethical Lenten sermon that attempts to discern the transcendent themes in the narrative of Luke 9-19 with an especial focus upon “setting the face toward Jerusalem” and the subsequent weeping over Jerusalem. The sermon moves from a passage from William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying through a series of hermeneutical turns that rely upon insights from Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Martin Luther King, Jr., Will Campbell, Augustine, and Paul Tillich with the hope of illuminating what setting of the face on Jerusalem might mean. Tillich’s “eternal now” theme elaborates Augustine’s insight that memory and time reduce the present as, to paraphrase the Saint, that all we have is a present: a present remembered, a present experienced, and a present anticipated. The Gospel is a timeless message applicable to every moment in time and history. The sermon seeks to connect with recent events in the United States and the world that focus upon challenges to the ideals of social justice and political tyranny.
Scarred savior: A sermon on crucifying an ableist God
Authors: Rhea Rebekah
Published: June 2021

This sermon addresses the necessity of embodied theology in order for Christ’s crucifixion to maintain practical relevance to marginalized people, specifically individuals with disabilities. Personal experience is combined with critical analysis in this reflection on “doubting Thomas” (John 20:24–29). According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data, disabled people are one of the country’s most prolific minorities. Consequently, millions in the United States are experiencing visceral and debilitating pain not only from physical disabilities, but also from ableist micro-aggressions and ignorance. This sermon uses personal experience to describe how the church has insufficiently addressed disability. Thomas is a reminder that a Christ distant or unaffected by physical pain is irrelevant to human experience. A scarred, disabled Savior is necessary to put to death any notions of an ableist God. Crucifixion without scars would make a disembodied Messiah, and the disability community, one in which all take part as they age, cannot afford to follow a disembodied God. Modern bioethical debates make clear that the disabled body is considered a disposable one, so disabled people need to know their bodies are not disposable to God. If life consists only of waiting for death and resurrection, then God is of no more use to the disability community than the trite theologies used to poorly address it. This sermon is a challenge to imagine a God impacted by imperfections, a God for whom scars matter.
Critical Commentary: Repopulating density: COVID-19 and the politics of urban value
Authors: McFarlane Colin
Published: June 2021

How might concepts of ‘value’ and ‘population’ illuminate the present and future of urban density? The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a public debate on density in the city. While some initially blamed density for the spread of the virus, others rightly cautioned against those claims. As the pandemic progressed, an imaginary of density-as-pathology gave way to a more nuanced geographical understanding of the urban dimensions of the crisis, focused on connections, spatial conditions, domestic ‘overcrowding’ and poverty. Throughout, an interrogation and reflection on urban density and its future unfolded, throwing into question the historical relationship between ‘value’ and ‘population’ in understandings of density. I argue for a new politics of value based on shifts in three interconnected domains – governance, form and knowledge – and identify implications for research on density in urban studies.
Effects of COVID-19 on the economy and mental health of young people in South Africa: opportunities for strengthening social protection programmes by integrating mental health
Authors: Álvarez-Iglesias Alejandra , Garman Emily , Lund Crick
Published: June 2021

The majority of COVID-19 cases in sub-Saharan Africa are found in South Africa, where one third of young people are not in employment, education or training. As the world continues to fight the COVID-19 virus spread, an increasing volume of studies are analysing and trying to predict the consequences of the pandemic on the economy and on physical and mental health. This article describes the economic and psychological impact of COVID-19 in South Africa’s youth specifically, the efforts made to tackle these issues, and the opportunities to integrate mental health into the country’s social protection measures, such as the Child Support Grant.
COVID-19, psychosocial issues, politics, and public mental health care
Authors: Pillay Anthony L , Kramers-Olen Anne L
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic heralded challenges that were both significant and unfamiliar, placing inordinate burdens on health care systems, economies, and the collective psyche of citizens. The pandemic underscored the tenuous intersections between public mental health care, politics, economics, and psychosocial capital. In South Africa, the inadequacies of the public health system have been laid bare, and the disproportionate privileges of the private health care system exposed. This article critically considers government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychosocial correlates of lockdown, politics, corruption, and public mental health policy in South Africa.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Yan , Zhang Hua , Yang Xin , Song Xicheng
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To analyze the factors influencing the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies (TFBs) in children.

Methods:

The clinical data of 300 consecutive children with suspected TFBs who were admitted to our department between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected, including demographics, diagnosis, history of foreign body inhalation, preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) findings, duration of foreign body retention, time from admission to operation, operation duration, duration of hospitalization, and complications.

Results:

Among the 300 cases, the male:female ratio was 193:107, and the age range was 6 months to 12 years (median age: 19 months). A total of 291 cases (97.0%) involved TFBs confirmed by rigid bronchoscopy, while the other 9 cases (3.0%) involved bronchopneumonia. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of a history of foreign body inhalation and chest CT were 96.0%, 98.6%, and 11.1% and 97.7%, 97.6%, and 100%, respectively. The duration of hospitalization, time from admission to operation, and operation duration were all related to bronchopneumonia ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

A detailed history, adequate physical examination, and preoperative imaging examination help improve the diagnostic accuracy. Preoperative bronchopneumonia in children with TFBs will increase the surgical risks and treatment costs, prolonging the duration of hospitalization.
Desperately Seeking Status: How Desires for, and Perceived Attainment of, Status and Inclusion Relate to Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism
Authors: Mahadevan Nikhila , Jordan Christian
Published: June 2021

The desire for social status is theorized as being central to narcissism; however, research to date has focused exclusively on grandiose narcissism. We examined how desires for, and perceived attainment of, status and inclusion relate to grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, and three-factor models of narcissism. Two studies (total N = 676) found that all expressions of narcissism relate to a stronger desire for status. Within three-factor models, this relation was not due solely to variance shared by grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, but also to phenotype-specific components. Grandiose narcissism was also strongly associated with perceived attainment of status, but not desire for or perceived attainment of inclusion, whereas vulnerable narcissism was strongly associated with desire for inclusion, but not perceived attainment of status or inclusion. Three-factor models of narcissism revealed comparable results. The findings delineate the social and motivational profiles of different expressions of narcissism, helping to illuminate narcissism’s fundamental character.
A Game of Jacks: Review Essay of John D. Caputo's Recent Works
Authors: Kearney Richard
Published: June 2021

This is a review essay by Richard Kearney celebrating the recent work of John D Caputo and responding to the companion review essay by Caputo on Kearney's work in this issue of PSC. The author critically considers five volumes by Caputo and two recent volumes and a reader devoted to his philosophy. The essay covers most of the key issues in Caputo's later published work including ‘weak theology’, ‘deconstruction’, ‘radical hermeneutics’, ‘hauntology’ and ‘the event of the impossible’.