bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It hardly made a ripple: South Australia's Murray-Darling Basin Royal Commission Report in rural news discourse
Authors: Mesikämmen Emma , Waller Lisa , Burkett Brian
Published: December 2024

In January 2019, the South Australian Government released the report of its Royal Commission into the Murray-Darling Basin, which investigated the implementation of the Basin Plan and allegations of water theft in upstream states. This study analyses the report and specialist rural media coverage of it. Previous research has found that rural media imaginaries of the rural space validate the ‘productive’ use of land and reinforce the discursive power of rural elites such as political actors, industry bodies and landholders, offering few opportunities for alternative voices. Drawing on the concepts of ‘agrarian imaginary’ and ‘settler common sense’ and adopting discourse analysis as a methodology, we found that while the report made a clear connection between settler activities and the ill health of the Basin, specialist rural media did not approach it as an opportunity to broaden the dominant rural imaginary but further cemented the productive use of land discourse.
Does ethnoracial context diversity predict implicit associations of sexual orientation? Evidence from linked Census Bureau and Implicit Association Test data
Authors: Tiv Mehrgol , Spence Cody
Published: December 2024

We examined whether exposure to context diversity in one domain relates to mental associations in another social domain. County-level metrics of racial diversity and segregation computed from restricted-use U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data were linked to a geolocated measure of sexual orientation implicit bias from over 825,000 respondents across the United States (2015–2021). Multilevel models revealed that living in more racially diverse counties was related to less stereotypic implicit associations of sexual orientation, and this relationship was moderated by racial segregation. This primary result was evaluated through a series of robustness checks. Weighted models accounting for the nonrepresentative nature of the sample revealed a robust association with diversity but not an interaction with segregation. The negative relationship with diversity was also replicated on a different Implicit Association Test (IAT) measuring implicit attitudes to disability, but the interaction with segregation was again insignificant. These results support the hypothesis that exposure to social diversity in one domain can generalize to intergroup attitudes in another domain. These results also highlight the dynamic interaction between an individual and their social environment, bolstering the need for socially contextualized research on human cognition.
Enhancing the Potentials of the Focus Group Discussion – Engaging Frequently Neglected but Essential Situational Factors for Analyzing Data
Authors: Ning X. , Liu Yaxiang , Miao J. L. , Li W. L.
Published: December 2024

This research examines the critical role situational factors play in shaping focus group discussions by investigating into them through an empirical study on the mental health challenges faced by university students in China in the post-pandemic era. Although the method of focus group has long been used across disciplines, the impact of situational factors on influencing the dynamics and outcomes during the discussions is yet to be fully explored. To fill this research gap and enhance the richness, completeness, and quality of the results yielded by the focus group discussion, we draw on Vicsek’s (2007) framework to investigate three key situational factors – interactional elements, participant characteristics, and moderator influence – to find out how they affected participants’ sharing, interactions, and engagement when they discussed topics on mental health issues. Data were drawn from six focus groups conducted among 57 participants, including 39 female students and 18 male students from a Chinese university. Our findings highlight situational factors’ significant influence on the depth, development, and richness of group discussions. By engaging and analyzing these factors, researchers can enhance the methodological quality and credibility of qualitative research, which may help them gain deeper insights into participants’ experiences and perspectives.
Effects of design parameters on the centering performance of nose landing gear for a certain aircraft
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhao Ye
Published: December 2024

The centering mechanism of the nose landing gear is crucial for aircraft operational safety, particularly during the takeoff and landing processes. To address the failure of the return function observed in a certain aircraft, this paper establishes a dynamic model that can effectively characterize the return motion characteristics of the landing gear, considering the synergistic effect of the landing gear buffer device, the shimmy damper, and the centering mechanism comprehensively. On this basis, the four key parameters are studied in depth, including the initial filling pressure of the buffer device, the friction moment of the shimmy damper, the damping coefficient of the shimmy damper, and the contact friction coefficient of the centering mechanism. The results reveal that the return driving moment acting on the piston rod of the nose landing gear increases slowly with the increase in steering angle. At the 90° steering angle, the peak value of the return driving moment is 43.97 Nm. Among the parameters studied, compared with the initial filling pressure and the friction moment of the shimmy damper, the contact friction coefficient of the cam has the most significant effect on the return function.
Protective Role of Jimson Weed in Mitigating Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular, and Renal Dysfunction in Diabetic Rat Models: In Vivo and in Silico Evidence
Authors: Alum Esther U. , Krishnamoorthy Rajapandiyan , Gatasheh Mansour K. , Subbarayan Shanthi , Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy , Uti Daniel Ejim
Published: December 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by irregular carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. DM patients are at a high risk of developing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. This study evaluated the impact of Jimson weed on blood glucose, lipid profile, and renal indices using rat models.

Methodology

The rats were divided into six classes, with rats in each class receiving alloxan intraperitoneally orally twice daily for 14 days. The rats were assigned into six classes (A-F), (n = 6). Rats in classes A-E were intraperitoneally injected with 2 g of alloxan dissolved in 20 mL of distilled water (100 mg/kg body weight). Rats in class F received neither alloxan nor any form of treatment. Rats in classes A, B, and C were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Jimson weed leaf extract, while rats in class D received 5 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide. Rats in class E were given normal saline (0.1 mL) only. Blood glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer, and lipid profile and renal markers were assayed using approved procedures. Docking analysis targeted key proteins with potential roles in lipid dysregulation and renal dysfunction associated with diabetes.

Results

The study found that diabetes in the rats led to abnormalities in lipid profiles, electrolytes, urea, and creatinine serum levels. In diabetic control rats, the level of total cholesterol increased by over 216.67%, while the concentrations of triacyglycerol and low density lipoprotein also showed a similar trend. Notably, there was a reciprocal impact on the high-density lipoprotein, which decreased by a similar magnitude in diabetic controls compared to normal control rats. In the other calculated indices; atherogenic and coronary risk indices, Cl-, urea, and creatinine levels were elevated, and a decreased cardio-protective index, Na+, and K + . Jimson weed ethanol extract alleviated these impacts. The study also investigated compounds’ molecular properties and docking results targeting key proteins in lipid metabolic pathways and immune response. The compounds showed promising binding affinities to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR), and melanoma 2 (AIM2) proteins.

Conclusion

Jimson weed offers a promising option for treating T2DM, cardiovascular, and renal complications, as it exhibits hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and renal protective properties, overcoming limitations in traditional medicines.
Philanthrocapitalism, Neoliberalism, and the University
Authors: Mitchell Katharyne , Woolston Gregory
Published: December 2024

Munger Hall, a planned dormitory at the University of California, Santa Barbara, was expected to house 4500 students in a single structure, with 94% of their rooms windowless. Designed and partially funded by philanthropist Charlie Munger, Munger Hall is a classic illustration of the hubris and power of philanthropy in the twenty-first century. For many donors, new ways of thinking about the ills of society and the optimal implementation of philanthropic benevolence impact the direction of their philanthropy and the process of gift-giving itself. For example, the importance of directly controlling all aspects of the gift as well as leveraging funds, assessing a return on investment, and cultivating new subjects are key features of contemporary philanthropy. Acceptance of this type of philanthropic intervention has increased due to the neoliberalization of higher education, alongside precipitous declines in state funding. While much of the scholarship on philanthrocapitalism has addressed the social and organizational impacts of large gifts, we emphasize the spatiality of the process, showing how the actual physical spaces of buildings and other forms of institutional infrastructure are often implicated in philanthropic gifts, with potential effects on the experiences and subjectivities of users. In higher education, these types of experiential effects can have wide-ranging consequences, operating to direct students and faculty toward or away from certain kinds of research opportunities or into particular forms of collaborations and social relationships and away from others. This article investigates these recent trends with an in-depth examination of Munger Hall.
Genomic Effects of Biomechanical Loading in Adolescent Human Growth Plate Cartilage: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Zhengpei , Boggavarapu Nageswara Rao , Muhr Laila Sara Arroyo , Garcia-Serrango Ainhoa , Aeppli Tim RJ , Nava Tobia Sebastiano , Zhao Yunhan , Gutierrez-Farewik Elena M. , Kulachenko Artem , Sävendahl Lars , Zaman Farasat
Published: December 2024

Objective

The genomic effects of biomechanical loading on human growth plate cartilage are unknown so far. To address this, we used rare human growth plate biopsies obtained from children undergoing epiphysiodesis and exposed them to precisely controlled mechanical loading using a microloading device. The biopsies were cultured 24 hours after mechanical loading, followed by RNA-sequencing analyses to decipher the genomic regulation.

Design

We conducted RNA-seq analysis of human growth plate cartilage obtained from three patients cultured ex vivo and subjected to cyclical mechanical loading with peak 0.4 N with frequency 0.77 Hz during a 30-second duration, using a specialized microloading device.

Results

Gene ontology analysis revealed novel data showing three significantly upregulated signaling pathways, including notch, oxytocin, and tight junction, and three significantly downregulated signaling pathways, including lysosome, sphingolipid metabolism, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in human growth plate cartilage. Moreover, we found 15 significantly regulated genes within these signaling pathways from all three patients. These genes included PSEN2, HEY1, and NCOR2 from the notch signaling; CACNB1 and PPP3R2 from the oxytocin signaling; ACTR3C, WHAMM, and ARHGEF18 from the tight junction signaling; ARSA, SMPD1, and CD68 from the lysosome signaling; ARSA and SMPD1 from the sphingolipid metabolism signaling; and SLC27A4 and AQP7 from the PPAR signaling pathway. In addition, 20 significantly upregulated genes and six significantly downregulated genes shared between two patient samples were identified.

Conclusion

Our study provides the first-ever transcriptomic data of mechanical loading of human growth plate cartilage. These findings can potentially provide genetic targets for future investigations in physiological and pathological bone growth conditions.
Efficacy of Platysma Flap in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis—A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Madan , Singh Gaurav , Mondal Shubhamoy , Agrawal Pallavi , Kumar Manish
Published: December 2024

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity. Various surgical treatment modalities have been advocated in the management of OSMF with variable results. We are reporting a case of OSMF Group IVa where the post-fibrotomy defect was reconstructed using a platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) in a young male patient. Postoperatively, patient was evaluated during a regular follow-up period for one year. The Preoperative interincisal opening of 2 mm gradually improved to 35 mm at the end of one year postoperatively with no postoperative complications. The facial aesthetic is not compromised as the incision is some way from the face and the scars are hidden underneath the collar. PMF can be considered a good reconstructive option for OSMF with aesthetically acceptable results, however, the technique is more demanding and must be mastered properly.
Establishing Reference Ranges for Doppler Parameters of the Fetal Aortic Isthmus in the Third Trimester
Authors: Eghbali Elham , Ezzati Khatab Maghsoud , Taheripour Mahboube , Nasiroghli Khiabani Zahra , Jaberinezhad Mehran , Hemmati Ghavshough Mahdi , Khodaei Farzaneh
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This study evaluated the significance of Doppler indices of the fetal aortic isthmus in diagnosing fetal hemodynamic disorders early. The aim was to determine the Doppler values within the fetal aortic isthmus in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

Patients who presented with pregnancies between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation were examined for Doppler indices of the fetal aorta and compared with the gestational age. Among these, 325 normal fetuses (mean gestational age, 25 weeks) were included in the study. The correlation between Doppler indices and gestational age was evaluated using regression equations. Linear, quadratic, and cubic models were applied to all the variables.

Results:

Curve estimation analysis showed that peak systolic velocity ( R2 = 0.168), end-diastolic velocity ( R2 = 0.042), pulsatility index ( R2 = 0.101), and time-averaged maximum velocity ( R2 = 0.090) correlated with gestational age (cubic model, p < .001). However, S/D, resistance index, and isthmic systolic index were not significantly correlated with gestational age. Notably, the R2 values were low for all variables.

Conclusion:

In this fetal cohort, the suggested normal reference values for Doppler indices based on gestational age in the third trimester of pregnancy were determined.
Preparation of dental and nursing professionals within Swedish higher education: navigating to confidence in literacies and professional knowledge
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Tomasson Jakob , Rataghi Armin , Christidis Maria
Published: December 2024

Background

The professional education of dentists and nurses includes literacy, academic and professional literacy, and professional knowledge. These have a reciprocal relationship and contribute to the development of students and professionals. However, this is an area in need of further exploration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dentists’ and nurses’ experiences of academic and professional literacy and professional knowledge at the time of their graduation, and five years into their profession.

Methods

The material consisted of an evaluation distributed twice to dentists and nurses. The first time was immediately after graduation (degree evaluation), and the second time was five years after graduation (alum evaluation). Approximately 30% of the dentists and the nurses responded both times. We analyzed the data using non-parametrical methods.

Results

Upon graduation, the dentists scored high in academic and professional literacy and knowledge. Five years into the profession, dentists reported experiencing challenges with communication in English and tasks related to equitable treatment and equal rights. Nurses followed a similar pattern as the dentists. Still, by graduation, the newly graduated nurses expressed concerns about communication in English, and promoting sustainable development within their profession. The challenges persisted five years into their profession, particularly in areas such as communication in English and sustainable development, as well as work related to equitable treatment and equal rights.

Conclusions

The level of confidence and perception of a sufficient degree of knowledge regarding academic literacy, professional literacy, and professional knowledge is higher at the time of graduation in both professions compared to five years into the profession, where there is a decrease in areas concerning work related to equitability, and equality, and for dentists also in communication in English. Furthermore, nurses had a constant low confidence rating in both evaluations concerning sustainable development and communication in English. This indicates that targeted and continuous professional development is crucial to address these challenges and to bridge the gap between the knowledge and confidence levels at graduation and the evolving demands of professional practice over time. Thus, when reconstructing the overall curriculum in professional educations it is of great importance to provide tools to enhance future professional development rather than the perception of that they can rely solely on their education at graduation time.
Vertebral artery dissection presenting as vertigo–a rare case presentation in a young adult
Authors: Yuniarti Mira , Andaka Deddy , Octavius Gilbert Sterling
Published: December 2024

Background

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a rare condition, especially in young adults, with an annual incidence of about 1–1.5 per 100,000 people. This case report aims to present an unusual case of vertigo in an early 30s male, initially assumed to be due to travel sickness but was later proven to be vertebral artery dissection.

Case presentation: The patient reported dizziness, nausea, facial numbness, and a sore throat following travel and a massage. His medical history included no significant trauma, though he was an active boxer. Physical examination revealed vertical and horizontal nystagmus, but motor strength remained normal. A non-contrast CT scan revealed basilar artery dolichoectasia, and subsequent MRI confirmed a left VAD. The dissection was located in the fourth vertebral artery segment, a typical location for such cases. The patient was managed conservatively with anticoagulants and discharged with no new symptoms. VAD is an uncommon cause of vertigo, and its presentation in young adults without severe trauma is rare. However, subtle traumas, such as those experienced in contact sports or even minor cervical manipulation, may predispose individuals to this condition.

Conclusions

This case underscores the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation for patients presenting with vertigo, as VAD can lead to life-threatening complications such as stroke. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential for a favorable prognosis​.
Trends and associated factors of mental health diagnoses in Catalan Primary Care (2010–2019)
Authors: Mas Ariadna , Clougher Derek , Anmella Gerard , Valenzuela-Pascual Clàudia , De Prisco Michele , Oliva Vincenzo , Fico Giovanna , Grande Iria , Morilla Ivette , Segú Xavier , Primé-Tous Mireia , Ruíz Victoria , Also María Antonieta , Murgui Sandra , Sant Elisenda , Sans-Corrales Mireia , Fullana Miquel Àngel , Sisó-Almirall Antoni , Radua Joaquim , Blanch Jordi , Cavero Myriam , Vieta Eduard , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego
Published: December 2024

Background

The prevalence of mental health disorders has significantly increased in recent years, posing substantial challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly primary care (PC) settings. This study examines trends in mental health diagnoses in PC settings in Catalonia from 2010 to 2019 and identifies associated sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, psychopharmacological treatments, and resource utilization patterns.

Methods

Data from 947,698 individuals without prior severe mental illness, derived from the Data Analytics Program for Health Research and Innovation (PADRIS), were analyzed for this study. Sociodemographic data, diagnoses, and resource utilization were extracted from electronic health records. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney tests, and a multivariate binary logistic regression were employed to analyze the data.

Results

Over the study period, 172,112 individuals (18.2%) received at least one mental health diagnosis in PC, with unspecified anxiety disorder (40.5%), insomnia (15.7%) and unspecified depressive disorder (10.2%) being the most prevalent. The prevalence of these diagnoses increased steadily until 2015 and stabilized thereafter. Significant associations were found between mental health diagnoses, female sex, lower socioeconomic status, higher BMI, and smoking status in a multivariate binary logistic regression.

Conclusions

This study highlights a growing burden of stress-related mental health diagnoses in PC in Catalonia, driven by demographic and socioeconomic factors. These findings may be indicative of broader trends across Europe and globally. Addressing this rising prevalence requires innovative approaches and collaborative strategies that extend beyond traditional healthcare resources. Engaging stakeholders is essential for implementing effective, sustainable solutions that promote mental health in Catalonia and potentially inform similar initiatives worldwide.
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors: A Revival for Treatment of Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Azizi Michel , Riancho Julien , Amar Laurence
Published: December 2024

Inappropriate aldosterone excess plays a key role in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal diseases. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) such as spironolactone block of the harmful effects of aldosterone and are recommended treatment in these various conditions. However, the sexual adverse effects of spironolactone from its lack of specificity for the mineralocorticoid receptor and the risk of hyperkalemia in patients with decreased renal function, limit its use. While eplerenone is a more selective MRA, it is less potent than spironolactone. Newer nonsteroidal MRAs, though promising, are either unavailable globally or still under development. Moreover, aldosterone exerts both genomic and nongenomic effects, the latter not fully blocked by MRAs. Aldosterone synthase inhibitors (ASIs) have thus emerged as potential alternatives to MRAs, though the development of selective ASIs has been challenging. This is due to the close homology between the final step of aldosterone synthesis, mediated by CYP11B2 in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and cortisol synthesis, mediated by CYP11B1 in the zona fasciculata. Despite these challenges, new ASIs have demonstrated high in vitro as well as in vivo selectivity for CYP11B2, effectively reducing aldosterone production without affecting cortisol synthesis in humans across large dose ranges. Early phase II trials demonstrated that these ASIs decrease (1) blood pressure in uncontrolled hypertension and (2) urinary albumin excretion in proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Further longer term trials will evaluate their efficacy in lowering blood pressure as well as in reducing kidney disease progression and cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure when given alone or in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Females With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Khorashad Behzad Sorouri , Kaabi Oumaima , Gardner Melissa D , Getahun Darios , Goodman Michael , Lash Timothy L , Lee Peter A , May Joshua , McCracken Courtney , Muzik Maria , Vupputuri Suma , Yacoub Rami , Sandberg David E
Published: December 2024

Context

Although the increased burden of mental health problems among patients with classic 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is well-documented, it remains unclear if this comorbidity is attributable to the burden of living with a chronic medical condition or the potential psychosocial/sexual consequences of being born with a difference of sex development (DSD) and its associated clinical management.

Objective

To compare the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among patients with CAH and 3 reference groups: matched males and females from the general population, and females with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using 3 large integrated health systems. Participants included patients with CAH (n = 115), general population male and female referents (n = 1150 per group), and 66 002 female T1DM referents.

Results

The prevalence of depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and suicidal ideation was higher among CAH participants than in males and females from the general population, but similar to or lower than in T1DM referents. Patients with CAH were more likely to be diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders than both female reference groups, whereas the prevalence of elimination disorders (predominantly enuresis) and gender dysphoria was higher in the CAH cohort than in all reference groups.

Conclusion

Females with classic CAH experience a higher burden of psychiatric illness, including anxiety and depression, than demographically similar men and women in the general population. The similar psychiatric burden between females with CAH and T1DM suggests that morbidity may be influenced by the challenges associated with managing a chronic condition. Investigating long-term mental health trajectories in this population will require longitudinal studies.
A Research Roadmap to Address the Heterogeneity of Diabetes and Advance Precision Medicine
Authors: Franks Paul W , Rich Stephen S , Linder Barbara , Zaghloul Norann A , Cefalu William T
Published: December 2024

The current classification of diabetes had its genesis over 85 years ago, when individuals with diabetes were first subclassified into insulin sensitive and insulin insensitive states based on the response to an oral glucose tolerance test. About 35 years later, the contemporary classifications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were coined. Today's evidence, however, suggests that multiple etiologic and pathogenic processes lead to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, reflecting significant heterogeneity in factors associated with initiation, progression, and clinical presentation of each disorder of glucose homeostasis. Further, the current classification fails to recognize what is currently defined as “atypical” diabetes. Heterogeneity of diabetes continues through the life-course of an individual, with modification of prognosis risk (eg, diabetic complications) altered by genetics, life experience, comorbidities, and therapy. Understanding the sources of heterogeneity in diabetes will likely improve diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prediction of complications in both the medical and public health settings. Such knowledge will help inform progress in the emerging era of precision diabetes medicine. This article presents NIDDK's Heterogeneity of Diabetes Initiative and a corresponding roadmap for future research in type 2 diabetes heterogeneity.
A Nested Case–Control Study of Adverse Outcomes in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Yousif Maha F , Dolak Katie D , Adhikari Soumya , White Perrin C
Published: December 2024

Context

Adverse outcomes (death or intensive care unit [ICU] stays longer than 48 hours) in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic–hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) can be predicted by a composite risk score based on severity of hyperglycemia and acidosis, and presence of type 2 diabetes.

Objective

Because most high-risk patients nevertheless do not experience an adverse outcome, we tried to identify differences in management or other clinical characteristics that influenced outcomes.

Methods

In a previously defined group of 4565 admissions for DKA-HHS in 2010-2023, 109 had adverse outcomes. We conducted a nested case–control study using the composite risk score to match 84 cases from the adverse outcome group with an equal number of controls without or with briefer ICU stays of 0 to 24 hours.

Results

The groups did not differ in risk score or initial pH, maximum blood glucose, or proportion with type 2 diabetes. However, the case group had more patients with new-onset diabetes and higher initial serum sodium and blood urea nitrogen. The case group had slower resolution of hyperglycemia, acidosis, and hypernatremia. The groups did not differ in total administered fluid bolus volumes, total fluid volumes, or urine output at 12 and 24 hours. Total insulin received did not differ between groups after 12 hours, but cases were more likely to still require intravenous insulin at 24 hours.

Conclusion

Hypernatremia is more likely to be present at admission and to persist over the first 24 hours of treatment in children with DKA-HHS who have adverse outcomes. This is not associated with differences in management.
An Unusual Incident of “Cannot Ventilate” Situation Due to a Broken Soda Lime Canister: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Kanika , Gupta Priyanka , Ganji Saipavan , Mohapatra Bishnupriya
Published: December 2024

The circle breathing system enables rebreathing using a carbon dioxide absorbent. This case report presents a rare incident of ventilation failure in a 30-year-old male patient due to a broken unidirectional valve in a soda lime canister. Despite the anesthesia machine passing automated checks, a mechanical blockage from caked soda lime in the inner inspiratory chamber led to insufficient tidal volume delivery. The incident underscores the importance of performing manual breathing circuit checks after replacing the soda lime canister, as well as the need for heightened vigilance in detecting equipment malfunctions to maintain patient safety during anesthesia.
DRBD18 acts as a transcript-specific RNA editing auxiliary factor inTrypanosoma brucei
Authors: Pandey Parul , Wackowski Katherine , Dubey Ashutosh P. , Read Laurie K.
Published: December 2024

Uridine insertion/deletion (U-indel) RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts is a posttranscriptional modification in kinetoplastid organisms, resulting in the generation of mature mRNAs from cryptic precursors. This RNA editing process involves a multiprotein complex holoenzyme and multiple accessory factors. Recent investigations have highlighted the pivotal involvement of accessory RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in modulating RNA editing inTrypanosoma brucei, often in a transcript-specific manner. DRBD18 is a multifunctional RBP that reportedly impacts the stability, processing, export, and translation of nuclear-encoded mRNAs. However, mass spectrometry studies report DRBD18–RESC interactions, prompting us to investigate its role in mitochondrial U-indel RNA editing. In this study, we demonstrate the specific and RNase-sensitive interaction of DRBD18 with multiple RESC factors. Depletion of DRBD18 through RNA interference in procyclic formT. bruceileads to a significant reduction in the levels of edited A6 and COIII mitochondrial transcripts, whereas its overexpression causes a notable increase in the abundance of these edited mRNAs. RNA immunoprecipitation/qRT-PCR analysis indicates a direct role for DRBD18 in A6 and COIII mRNA editing. We also examined the impact of arginine methylation of DRBD18 in the editing process, revealing that the hypomethylated form of DRBD18, rather than the arginine-methylated version, is essential for promoting these editing events. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that DRBD18 directly affects the editing of A6 and COIII mRNAs, with its function being modulated by its arginine methylation status, marking the first report of a mitochondrial function for this protein and identifying it as a newly characterized RNA editing auxiliary factor.
Czym zajmuje się tekstologia?
Authors: Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska Stanisława
Published: December 2024

The article presents the basic goals of text linguistics as a discipline (in a sense broader than editing), its scope, subdivisions, and identifiable trends: semiotic (M.R. Mayenowa), stylistic (T. Dobrzyńska), communicative-functional (A. Duszak, U. Żydek-Bednarczuk), and cognitive (J. Bartmiński, S. Gajda). Text is shown here as a unit of language and communication, with its definitions and conceptual metaphors used to describe it. The concept of text model is discussed, as something that is followed by both the sender in the process of text creation, and the receiver in the process of its reception. That model becomes the norm for both senders and receivers, a guiding principle in social communication. Attention is paid to the role of text in acquiring knowledge of the world, of other people, and of oneself. An ethnolinguistic understanding of text is also stressed, whereby text-forming mechanisms are based on patterns of living that emerge in culture: those patterns can be recovered from textual structure.
Política pública y políticas universitarias en clave subnacional
Authors: GONZALEZ GISELLE
Published: December 2024

El artículo describe cómo se piensa y moviliza la política pública y las iniciativas universitarias desde la arena subnacional, a partir de un estudio de caso para Buenos Aires. El análisis parte de una perspectiva sociopolítica que recupera el hacer de los actores y el espacio en el que se desenvuelven durante el proceso de la política pública. El diseño es cualitativo e integra datos de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se evidencia una coordinación de políticas de expansión institucional hacia periferias despobladas de estructuras universitarias como instrumento para apuntalar el desarrollo territorial desde una mirada autonómica. No obstante, los factores de contexto y coyuntura restringen las posibilidades de escala y sustentabilidad, en términos de institucionalidad
The Wound Care Pathway: a Danish effect study
Authors: Jensen Merete Hartun , Landauro Malene Hornbak , Hansen Marianne
Published: December 2024

The Wound Care Pathway (WCP) is a five-step guide to wound healing that was developed to overcome the challenges generalist nurses face during wound management.

Aims:

To investigate how the implementation and training in the WCP affects the behaviour of generalist nurses, focusing on four specific endpoints: motivation, confidence, critical thinking and knowledge.

Methods:

A total of 89 generalist nurses received 6 hours of training in the WCP, over a period of 10–16 weeks. The participants filled a questionnaire before and after the training. Data were collected between January 2023 and January 2024.

Findings:

There was a significant improvement in the participants' wound care knowledge, motivation and self-efficacy. The participants' confidence in their wound care skills also increased after the training. A notable improvement was seen in nurses' critical thinking when treating wounds and delivering wound care.

Conclusions:

The WCP guide supports healthcare professionals in their day-to-day work and strengthens their critical thinking and knowledge of wound care management.
transport: vans and lorries
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2024

Some ideas for supporting children's exploration of vans and lorries, inside and outside the setting. By Annette Rawstrone
Done deals
Authors: Jones Leah
Published: December 2024

With nursery purchases continuing at a steady rate, Leah Jones finds out from experts what is driving the market and speaks to two people who recently bought and sold up
Computational Thinking in Undergraduate Pre-Service Special Education Programs
Authors: Billman Rachel H. , Hoppin Kandace M. , Murphy Julia
Published: December 2024

In the 21st century, an increased emphasis on integrating computational literacy within classrooms occurred (Bouck & Yadav, 2020). This learning representation aims to equip preservice special education teachers (PSSETs) with tools to deliver inclusive computational thinking (CT) and computer science (CS) instruction, fostering an understanding of CT/CS concepts and promotes integration across content areas. This technology-rich learning representation employs robots, interactive whiteboards, and a blend of unplugged and plugged CT activities to demonstrate how CT can be integrated into a PK-12 classroom. This learning representation concludes with an assessment tasking PSSETs to create an activity integrating CT. This approach prepares PSSETs to provide equitable and accessible CT/CS education, aligning with current educational priorities.
Experiential Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Jones-Roberts Charlotte , Bechtold Crystle
Published: December 2024

Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory explains how to turn a four-stage cycle that relies on concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation into effective learning. This unit, intended for university students, is designed to teach this theory through implementation. The learners progress through the four stages in Kolb’s theory while learning to fold an origami paper crane. Each stage requires the learner to reflect and share their discoveries in an online video discussion forum. The lesson concludes with a reflection on the process of learning to fold a paper crane and on learner’s understanding of experiential learning in practice.
Unraveling Author’s Purpose
Authors: Rivera Brittany
Published: December 2024

In this lesson, students demonstrate an understanding of author’s purpose by developing their own narrative and bringing it to life with Bloxels, a platform/app and physical kit for people to build their own video games. This lesson is a progressive activity where students apply what they learned about the authors' purpose, according to TEKs Guide (n.d.) ELA.5.10, and create a narrative. Students are divided into groups and given a base “setting.” They can expand this setting to fit their narrative using the included Bloxels Planning Materials. Groups plan their narrative, design key scenes using Bloxels, and narrate them using a consistent viewpoint. Students are expected to include: text (script, setting description, character descriptions), graphics/images, point of view, anecdote or hyperbole, figurative language.
PK-12 Lesson Design Competition Awards Introduction
Authors: Hall Jacob , Wilson Matthew
Published: December 2024

Hundreds of tiny, colorful, plastic cubes lay strewn across tables; dozens of ideas are being tossed about; and a crowd of people gather with a common goal of effectively integrating technology to improve teaching and learning. This was the PK-12 Lesson Design Competition at the 2024 Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) International Convention. The Teacher Education Division (TED) of AECT sponsors this annual design competition. The professional community of TED members promote theory, research, and practice that supports teachers and teacher educators to design effective learning experiences for diverse learners.
Russian Émigrés in Chinese Eyes, 1920s–1940s
Authors: Zhao Qingyun
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY: The article explores the evolving attitudes of Chinese intellectuals toward Russian émigrés during the Republic of China era, focusing on the period between the 1920s and 1940s. It challenges the conventional narrative of Russian émigrés in China, which portrays them as passive victims of historical circumstances. Instead, the author argues for a more nuanced understanding of the situation by examining Chinese perspectives and incorporating the Chinese dimension into the historical narrative. The article analyzes a range of published sources, including poetry, sociopolitical commentaries, and news reports, to demonstrate how Chinese intellectuals viewed Russian émigrés as a reflection of their own internal political struggles and societal anxieties, ultimately shaping their attitudes toward Russian immigrants as a source of both sympathy and resentment. The author contends that Chinese intellectuals did not perceive Russians as immigrants in the modern sense, but as foreigners, from whom the Chinese could learn lessons about national salvation. Резюме: Автор статьи исследует меняющееся отношение китайских интеллектуалов к эмигрантам из России в период Китайской Республики, уделяя особое внимание периоду 1920–1940-х гг. При этом оспаривается общепринятое представление о российских эмигрантах в Китае как пассивных жертвах исторических обстоятельств. Изучение представлений китайских наблюдателей и в целом добавление китайского измерения в исторический нарратив позволяет реконструировать более сложную и комплексную картину. На основе анализа опубликованных источников – включая поэзию, социально-политические памфлеты и газетные репортажи – статья показывает, что китайские интеллектуалы проецировали на российских эмигрантов в первую очередь собственное беспокойство по поводу проблем китайского общества. Именно этим определялись симпатии и критика, высказываемые в адрес российской диаспоры. Автор утверждает, что ее представители воспринимались китайскими интеллектуалами не как иммигранты в современном смысле слова, а как иностранцы, чей пример позволял извлечь исторические уроки.
Design and application of a dynamic photoelasticity-digital image correlation comprehensive experimental system for blast loads
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhu Mengyao , Li Quanming , Xu Peng , Ding Chenxi , Zhang Yuantong , Geng Chao , Yang Renshu
Published: December 2024

The evolution characteristics of a stress field under blast loads are key issues in the
study of dynamic rock fragmentation mechanism. This paper focuses on
the rapid changes and difficulties in quantitative characterization of
blast stress fields, and establishes an integrated experimental system
that combines dynamic photoelasticity with digital image correlation
for blast load tests. This system includes a blast load simulation
device, a dynamic photoelasticity device, a digital image correlation
monitoring device, and a data acquisition and analysis setup. It
enables the high-precision synchronous acquisition of both structural
internal stress fields and surface deformation fields under blast
loads. On this basis, a method for calculating the principal stress at
any point under blast loads is proposed, which is used to accurately
measure and analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and deformation
evolution process of the stress field under blast loads. The system
was applied to quantitatively investigate the distribution
characteristics of stress and deformation fields under single-hole
explosive blasting. The effectiveness of this calculation method for
studying the dynamic response of materials under blast loads has been
validated. This comprehensive experimental system and methodology
provide, to our knowledge, new experimental tools and analytical
techniques for understanding the high strain rate behavior of
materials. It has important research and application value for
material performance evaluation, structural design, and safety
protection.
Detection of a semitransparent object with no exchange of quanta
Authors: Vujnović Vedran , Kralj Nenad , Karuza Marin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we theoretically analyze the optimization of a Fabry-Pérot cavity for the purpose of detecting partially absorbing objects placed inside without photon exchange. Utilizing the input-output formalism, we quantitatively relate the probability of correctly inferring the presence or absence of the object to the probability of avoiding absorption. We show that, if the cavity decay rate due to absorption by the object is comparable to that of the empty cavity and to the object-induced detuning, the product of the two probabilities is maximized by an undercoupled cavity, in which case detection in transmission is favorable to that in reflection. These results are contrary to the case of a perfect absorber, thus adding to the body of work pertaining to different interaction-free measurement schemes and providing insight into optimizing their efficiency when detecting realistic objects.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for simultaneous measurement of optical constants, and material thickness with deep-subwavelength precision
Authors: Beermann Nicolas S. , Gebauer Andreas , Fabretti Savio , Zhang Wentao , Hiraoka Tomoki , Achtstein Alexander W. , Hafez Hassan A. , Turchinovich Dmitry
Published: December 2024

We present a method of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in transmission configuration, which allows one to obtain the frequency-resolved complex-valued optical constants of the material, and to simultaneously determine the thickness of the investigated material sample with sub-micrometer precision. The thickness estimation achieves deep-subwavelength precision of the order of λ/1000. Our method is based on the numerical solution of transcendental transmission equations of Fourier-transformed main and echo THz pulses. It can be universally applied to materials with arbitrary absorption and refractive index dispersion as long as the echo THz signal in transmission is clearly discernible. As a first demonstration, several common dielectric materials such as MgO, Al2O3, GaAs, and SiO2 were characterized. We also demonstrate that the conventionally employed THz time-of-flight thickness measurement approach leads to a systematic error when applied to absorptive materials.
Butterfly plasmon: a plasmon capable of diverse focus modulation
Authors: Feng Zien , Zhang Junxi , Chen Yanru , Wu Hailong , Ruan Zhang , Liu Yejin , Fan Zhejue , Deng Dongmei
Published: December 2024

In this Letter, we propose a class of plasmon that exhibits properties such as autofocusing and self-bending. In a butterfly plasmon, several new dimensions of focus modulation are introduced. By adjusting its initial phase, the position, the length, the intensity, and the bending direction of the plasmonic focus can be precisely controlled, demonstrating a high degree of tunability. Additionally, the interference of two butterfly plasmons has been explored, proposing a new method for controlling the position of the interference focal spot. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical solutions are employed to further validate the correctness of the theory.
Analytical model for optical permittivity in direct bandgap semiconductors with Gaussian distributed bandgap energies
Authors: Xu Chencheng , Vollbrecht Joachim , Clausing Roland
Published: December 2024

The optical permittivity of monocrystalline direct bandgap semiconductors can be described well by critical point models based on parabolic band approximation (CPPB). However, the optical permittivity of polycrystalline direct bandgap semiconductors like halide perovskite thin films requires a more precise description. Till now, only thermal bandgap fluctuation or exponential decay of density of states is incorporated into the CPPB model. We present an analytical calculation that is based on the CPPB model with only one additional physical assumption, namely, the Gaussian distributed bandgap energies (GCPPB). Furthermore, the GCPPB model satisfies the Kramers–Kronig causality relation.