bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supplementation Selenium and Vitamin E To Diet Contains Fats on Carcass Traits and Blood Parameters of Broiler
Authors: Ali Ahmed Mazen , Younis Duraid Thonnon
Published: July 2024

This experiment was conducted at the University of Mosul/College of Agriculture and Forestry in the poultry fields affiliated with the Department of Animal Production. The study period extended 42 days from 5 /11 /2022 until 17 / 12 /2022. Its aim was to demonstrate the effect of adding vitamin E and selenium to a diet containing fats on carcass traits and blood parameter of broiler. This study used 240 one-day-old, unsexed broiler chicks of the Rose 308 type. The experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment (control T1) was fed with a standard diet without tallow, without oil, and devoid of vitamin E And selenium) as for the second treatment (adding 4% sunflower oil + 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed + 0.4 mg selenium/kg feed) and the third treatment (adding 4% beef tallow + 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed + 0.4 mg selenium/kg feed) either The fourth treatment (a mixture of 2% oil and 2% tallow + 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed + 0.4 mg selenium/kg feed) showed a significant increase in dressing percentage for T3, and a significant increase in Malondialdehyde for T1, and No significant difference in body weight at slaughter, Weight of carcass, Immunoglobulin G, Triglyceride, Neck, Wings, Back, Thighs and Breast, and there was significant decrease in Cholesterol for T1.
The Effect of Breeding System and Sex on Some Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail
Authors: Torki Hiba Muzahem , Abdullah Al-Tikriti Samawal Sadi , Manhee Al-Kaisi Haitham Rajab
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to illustrate the impact of the breeding method and the gender of the birds on quail corpses. A total of 60 quail birds, consisting of 30 females and 30 males, aged 30 days, were utilized for this investigation. The birds were reared in two distinct systems: the first being the cage system and the second being the floor system. Each room was allocated for the separate accommodation of females and boys. At the conclusion of the trial, a total of 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females) from each system were euthanized in order to analyze the features of their carcasses. The results indicated that there was a significant superiority of the birds raised on the floor in the characteristics of carcass weight and the relative weight of the neck compared to the birds raised in cages, while no significant difference appeared for the effect of the rearing system. In the live body weight, the percentage of cleansing, and the relative weight of the thigh, wing, chest, back, and head. As for the effect of sex, a significant superiority was observed for females over males in the trait of live body weight, while males were superior to females in the trait of shedding ratio and relative weight of the back, and no significant difference appeared between males and females in the rest of the traits studied, while the effect of the interaction showed a significant superiority for females bred in Both systems compared to males in terms of live body weight, while males and females raised on the floor excelled in carcass weight compared to males raised in cages. A significant superiority was also observed for males raised in both systems in terms of mating ratio compared to females raised in cages and the floor, and males raised in cages excelled. In both systems, females raised in cages were superior to the relative weight of the back, while females raised in cages were superior to the relative weight of the neck to both sexes raised on the floor, and the interaction effect did not have any significant effect on the relative weight of the thigh, wing, chest, and head. We conclude from this that birds raised on the floor recorded a higher carcass weight than birds raised in cages, and males recorded a higher percentage of slaughter than females.
Comparing the Effect of Adding Local Anemone coronaria Flower Powder and Vitamin C on the Physiological Characteristics and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens Exposed to Heat Stress in Summer
Authors: Abed Al-Khayyat Mohammed Fadhil , Shanoon Ammar Qahtan
Published: July 2024

The addition of local Anemone coronaria flower powder and vitamin C to the feed and its effect on the physiological characteristics and antioxidant status of laying hens raised in the summer and exposed to heat stress was studied. The study was conducted in the poultry fields/ College of Agriculture/ University of Kirkuk for (84) days for the period from 9/7/2023 until 30/9/2023, which included a (14) day preparatory period, using in the study (120) Lohmann Brown birds at the age of (30) weeks. The birds were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with (5) replicates for each replicate (4) birds, where the treatment was T1: basal diet free of any additives, T2: basal diet with adding 250 mg/kg of vitamin C, T3: basal diet with adding 2 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder, T4: basal diet with adding 4 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder, T5: basal diet with adding 2 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder and 250 mg/kg of vitamin C, T6: basal diet with adding 4 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder and 250 mg/kg of vitamin C, Statistical analysis of the results of the study showed, at a significant level (P≤0.01), that there were significant differences. The highest concentration of uric acid was recorded in treatment T1 (7.2) mg/dL and the lowest concentration in treatment T6 (1.8) mg/dL. As for glucose, treatment T1 recorded the highest concentration (225.6) mg/dL and the lowest concentration in treatment T6 (208.4) mg/dL. As for cholesterol, treatment T1 had a concentration of (142.4) mg/dL and the lowest concentration in treatments T5 and T6 (85.4). and 76.6 mg/dL, respectively. No significant differences were observed in total protein concentration between the treatments. As for antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) recorded the highest concentration in treatment T6 (5.11) µmol /L and the lowest concentration in treatment T1 (0.35) µmol /L. As for malondialdehyde (MDA), its lowest concentration was recorded in treatment T6 (0.98) µmol/L. It is noted from the results of the experiment that the additions of Anemone coronaria flower powder and vitamin C led to a reduction in the effects of heat stress that affects birds when they are exposed to high temperatures in the summer, and thus the positive effect was clear on the improvement of physiological characteristics and the state of antioxidants, and thus an improvement in the health of the birds.
Effect of Adding Red Chili Pepper Powder Capsicum Annuum and Synthetic Methionine DL-Methionine in the Feed on some Productive Traits of Broilers Ross308
Authors: Jassim Latief Nsaif , Kadhim Mohammed Jard
Published: July 2024

This experiment was conducted in the poultry hall of the Department of Animal Production Technologies, Al-Musayyib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University for the period from 9/17/2023 until 10/22/2023 to study the effect of using different levels of red Chili pepper Capsicum annuum and the essential amino acid synthetic methionine DL- Methionine in some productive traits of broilers. The research used 525 Ross 308 broiler chicks, one day old and with a starting weight of 43 grams, which lasted for five weeks. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally into seven treatments. Each treatment included 75 chicks, with three replicates (25 chicks/replicate). The chicks in this experiment were fed two diets, the first the starter diet from the age of 1-21 days, while the chicks were fed the finisher diet from the age of 22-35 days (the end of the experiment). The treatments were distributed as follows: the first treatment, T1, fed the chicks on a basic diet (control treatment). The second treatment, T2, was fed on a basic diet with red chili powder added at an average of (0.50 g/kg feed). In the third treatment, T3, the chicks were fed a basic ration with red chili powder added at an average of (0.75 gm/kg feed), the fourth treatment T4 chicks were fed a ration with red chili powder added at an average of (1 g/kg feed), and the fifth treatment T5 chicks were fed a basic ration added. It contains synthetic methionine at an average of (0.50 g/kg of feed). As for the sixth treatment, T6, its chicks were fed a basic diet to which synthetic methionine was added at an average of (0.75 gm/kg of feed), and the seventh treatment, T7, fed its chicks on a basic diet to which synthetic methionine was added at an average of (1 g). /kg feed). The results of the research showed that there was a significantly excelled(P<0.01) in the productive traits represented by live body weight, weekly weight gain, feed consumption rate, feed conversion ratio, and the qualitative traits of the carcass represented by the dressing percentage and relative growth rate in favor of the treatments to which red chili powder was added, especially the added treatment. To it (1 g/kg feed red Chili pepper powder) compared to the control treatment, and there was a noticeable improvement in the treatments for adding synthetic methionine, especially in the treatment with (1 g/kg synthetic methionine added), but it did not rise to the level achieved by the treatments adding red Chili pepper powder.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cattle Genetic Populations in Some Cities of the Middle Al-Furat in Iraq Using Microsatellite Data
Authors: Hadi Ruqaya Gani , Alnajm Hayder Raheem
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to quantify the genetic variation of the Iraqi local cattle breeds in the Middle Al-Furat in Iraq. Ten microsatellite markers were used to estimate parameters of genetic variation. Genotypes of 60 animals from each of the three cities (Babylon, Karbala, and Najaf) were analysed for genetic diversity and genetic distance. The results showed overall mean observed (Na) and expected numbers (No) of alleles were found to be (7±1.56), and (5.22±1.31), respectively. The mean Shannon’s information index (I) and Polymorphism information content (PIC) values were found to be 1.75 ± 0.24 and 0.70 ± 0.02, respectively. The mean observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity per locus values were found to be 0.56 ± 0.10 and 0.80 ± 0.04, respectively. The mean expected heterozygosity (Nei) and fixation index (Fis) were found to be 0.79 ± 0.04 and 0.28 ± 0.02, respectively. The mean F-statistics (FIS, FIT, and FST) and were found to be 0.272, 0.293 and 0.029, respectively.
Effect of Adding Fruit Powder (Brassica oleracea L.) to the Diet of Broiler Breeder Males on Some Biochemical and Reproductive Traits
Authors: Nasser Al-Zalzal Aqeel Hajim , Ali Emad Abdul-Jabbar
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of adding various levels of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa. L) Powder to the diet of Ross 308 broiler breeder males on certain biochemical characteristics in blood serum, seminal plasma, fertility traits, and hatchability traits for two consecutive hatchings. Twenty-five roosters at 45 weeks of age were distributed among five treatments, with each treatment consisting of 5 replicates, where each replicate had one rooster. All replicates were subjected to identical conditions of nutrition, temperature, and lighting. Seventy-five broiler breeder hens of the same strain and age were used for artificial insemination with rooster semen. These hens were divided into five treatments, with 15 hens per treatment. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa. L) Powder was added to the roosters’ feed as follows: T1 - 5 mg 100 g−1 feed, T2 - 10 mg100 g−1 g feed, T3 - 15 mg100 g−1 g feed, T4 - 20 mg100 g−1 feed, and T5 - control (no addition). The aim was to study changes in the activity of certain reproductive hormones in blood serum, as well as some antioxidant enzymes in sperm plasma. The results indicated a clear improvement in the antioxidant status in the addition treatments compared to the control group, manifested by an increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels and a decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, there was an improvement in testosterone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels, accompanied by a significant enhancement in fertility and hatchability traits. We conclude from this study that some of the active substances found in Kohlrabi fruit powder have the ability to improve the reproductive hormone activity in the serum of mature broiler breeder roosters, with improved antioxidants in seminal plasma, and improve fertility and hatchability rates.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Euterpe oleracea (Açaí) Fruit to the Diet of Laying Hens on the Volume of Ejaculate, Sperm Motility and Some Histological Characteristics
Authors: Abdul Amir Ola Hussein , Ali Emad Abdulgabbar
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted in the poultry field, College of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University for the period from December 1, 2022, to February 22, 2023, with aim to investigate the impact of adding different levels of Açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea) to the diet of laying hens on the reproductive performance of roosters, specifically focusing on volume of ejaculate, Sperm motility, and Histological characteristics. The experiment used 25 roosters from brown Lohman laying hens at the age of 65 weeks. The birds were randomly divided into five treatments, each consisting of 5 roosters with five replicates per treatment, with each replicate representing one rooster. The experimental treatments were as follows (Control without addition, addition of 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg of Açaí fruit) for treatments T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The experiment continued for four periods, with each period lasting one week. The following results were obtained during the study period: A significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in most treatments compared to the control treatment in the ejaculate volume. Additionally, a significant improvement was found in sperm motility. As for some histological characteristics, significant differences (P < 0.05) were evident in the relative weight of interstitial tissue components in Leydig cells and muscular cells. The fourth treatment showed significant superiority compared to the control treatment, while the first, second, and third treatments did not differ significantly from each other. On the other hand, we note that the addition of açaí fruits to the diet led to a significant decrease in the relative weight of the interstitial spaces and intertubular distances in the third and fourth treatments compared to the control treatment. No significant differences were recorded in the relative weight of the seminiferous tubule lumen, basement membrane, and blood vessels.
Effect of Using Ground Anise Seeds with Ground Pomegranate Peels on some Productive and Physiological Traits After Parturition of Local Female Goats
Authors: Kadhim Rafid J. , Ahmed Adnan J. , Farhood Riyadh K. , Talib Douaa Y. , Obaid Qaysar A.
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Animal Production Department that, belongs to the College of Agriculture / Sumer University, for the purpose of investigating the effect of using ground anise seeds with/or ground pomegranate peels on some productive and physiological traits after birth for local female goats, for the period from 12/1/2021 to 12/4 /2021, in which 16 local female goats were used with their offspring of similar ages and weights, distributed randomly to four treatments, with four animals per group (4 animals/group). (T1), The first treatment group (control) which was fed on the normal ration without any addition, (T2), the second treatment group which was fed on the normal ration with the addition of 0.5% ground pomegranate peels to the ration, (T3), the third treatment group which was fed On the regular ration with the addition of 0.5% ground anise seeds to the ration, (T4), the fourth treatment group, which was fed on the normal ration, with the addition of 0.5% ground pomegranate peels and 0.5% ground anise seeds to the ration. The results indicated that weight gain showed a clear significant difference of the pomegranate group (T2) and the pomegranate and anise group (T4) compared to the control group (T1) for some periods of the study. As for the results of RBCS, it showed a significant difference of the groups (T3) and (T4) over the other groups for the third month only. The results of PCV showed a clear significant difference of all groups compared to control (T1) group for the most months. As for the results of hemoglobin (Hb), it was shown that all groups of the experiment were significantly superior to the control group (T1) in all periods except the second month, While, the results of (WBCs) showed a significant variation for the (T1) group over all groups in the first and third months, as well as for the (T2) group, showed a significant variation over the two groups (T3) and (T4) for the first month, as well as group (T3) significantly superior to group (T2) and (T4) at the third month. The results of (B%) showed a significant superiority of the (T1) group over all groups in all months of the experiment. As for the average daily milk production of mother goats, it was found that the (T1), (T3) and (T4) groups were significantly higher to the (T1) group in most months of the experiment. As for the acidity %, all groups outperformed the (T1) group during the most months of the experiment. As for the percentage of fat, the control group was significantly superior to all groups in the first month of the experiment, while the other groups were significantly superior to the first group with progressing month of the experiment. As for the non-fatty solids, all groups showed superiority significantly over the control group at the most periods of the experiments.
Changes in Body Weights and Gross Anatomy of Physiological Organs of Feed-Restricted Broilers Fed Diet with Organic Selenium and Iraqi Protein Concentrate 6×1
Authors: Kareem Dalal Sabah , Abdulsahib Al-Shammari Karrar Imad
Published: July 2024

Many physiological organs are increasingly susceptible to stressors arising from environmental management or nutritional factors. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of two proposed strategies of feed restriction (FR) along with dietary supplementation of organic selenium (OS) and Iraqi protein concentrate 6×1 (IPC) on body weight (BW) and cross anatomy of selected visceral organs in broiler chickens. Totally, 420 one day-old chicks Ross 308 were used and randomly distributed into 7 treatments (60 chicks per treatment) with 3 equal replicates each. In control (T1), birds were fed ad libitum without dietary additives and birds in treatment of T2, T3 and T4 were fed quantitative FR (40%) without feed additives, with adding 0.8 mg OS and 25 g IPC per kg of diet, respectively whereas the birds in treatments of T5, T6 and T7 were fed temporal FR (12 hours/day) without feed additives, with adding 0.8 mg OS and 25 g IPC per kg diet, respectively. All birds were reared for 35 days and from 2nd till 3th week of age all birds were exposed to FR regimes with feed additives and then were freely fed without dietary additives from 4th-5th week of age in the compensatory growth phase. 3 unsexed birds closed to the average BW of experimental treatments were chosen from each replicate in treatment (no=9 per treatment) and were used for evaluation cross anatomy. The results revealed that T5, T6 and T7 maintain (p≤0.05) BW at 3th and 5 weeks. Bigger relative weight of liver (p≤0.05) was in T3 and T4 at 3th weeks with recorded reduction in abdominal fat was in T3, T4 and T6 at 6 weeks. No differences among all groups regarding to relative weights of adrenal gland, heart, pancreas, kidneys and lungs and relative length of small and large intestines and density of large intestine at 3 and 5 weeks. Generally, temporal FR followed by quantitative FR successed to maintain relative weight and lengths of each particular gastrointestinal tract (GIT) part starting from esophagus till rectum in relation to weight of BW or GIT and length of GIT depending on feed supplement. In conclusion, each treatment has its own specific mode of action to induce significant change or stability without deleterious impact on relative weights and lengths of organs especially in feed restricted diets with supplementation of OS or IPC after termination FR and compensatory growth at 3 and 5 weeks, respectively.
Semen Characteristics of Broiler Breeders Enhanced by Purslane pills Portulaca oleracea and Its Alcoholic Extract
Authors: Latif Osama A. , Shanoon Ammar Q. , Dhiab Ammar T.
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/University of Diyala in the fields of the Animal Production Department to determine the effect of Purslane grain powder and its alcoholic extract on the semen characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler breeders. Thirty-two 54-week-old roosters were used and randomly distributed into eight groups with four replicates per group (Rooster/refined) The roosters of the first treatment (negative control group) were fed a standard diet without any additives, and the second treatment (positive control group) was fed with the addition of 0.250 gm vitamin E/kg feed, the third treatment added 5 gm Purslane grain powder/kg feed, The fourth treatment, adding 7.5 grams of Purslane pills powder/kg of feed, the fifth treatment, adding 10 grams of Purslane pills powder/kg of feed, the sixth treatment, adding 5 ml of Purslane pills alcoholic extract/liter of drinking water, the seventh treatment, adding 7.5 ml of Purslane pills alcoholic extract/liter of water. Drinking, the eighth treatment, adding 10 ml of alcoholic extract of Purslane tablets per liter of drinking water. Roosters treated with grain powder and its alcoholic extract showed a significant increase at the level of p≥ 0.05 in ejaculate size, collective and individual movement, sperm concentration, and the percentage of live sperm, as well as a significant decrease at p≥ 0.05 in the percentage of dead and deformed sperm in all powder and extract addition treatments compared to the control treatments and for all five experimental periods (10 weeks). The results show that adding Purslane seed powder and its alcoholic extract to the diets and drinking water of elderly broiler broilers improved the characteristics of semen, and a concentration of 10 g/kg feed and a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water recorded the best results.
The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Anise Seeds and Oil Pimpinella anisum L. on some Production of Lohman Chicken Eggs
Authors: Dawood Roaa J. , Al-Dalawi Rashid H.
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, for the period from 10/1/2023 to 12/31/2023, with the aim of adding different levels of seeds and anise seed oil in hybrid fodder for Lohman laying hens and studying its effect. On a few characteristics of Lohman layer chicken production. The experiment involved a total of 112 birds. They were divided into seven treatments at random, with 16 birds per treatment. They were set up in manufacturing batteries inside a five by fifteen-meter hall. Four replicas of one treatment, with four birds in each, were created from the birds of that treatment. Water was provided freely to the birds, it was refined, and there were 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. Seven treatments were used during the experiment were T1=0% Anise seed or oil, T2= (5g/kg) anise seed, T3=(7.5g/Kg) anise seed, T4= (0.5ml/kg) anise oil, T5= (0.75ml/kg) anise oil, T6=(2.5g/kg) anise seed + (0.25ml/kg) anise oil, T7= (3.75g/kg) anise seed + (0.375ml/kg) anise. The result was show the treatment 6 superior to the another treatment, for all the studied traits. It can be concluded that adding anise seed and oil anise to the diet of laying hens at the level of the treatment 6, resulted enhancing and increasing in weekly egg production, egg mass, feed intake, and FCR. Therefore, anise seed with anise oil could be used to improve the laying hen’s performance.
Effect of Different Levels on Some Physiological and Productive Parameters of Local Rabbits in Iraq
Authors: Abduljabbar Nawar Bahaa , Farhan Aljanabi Abdulkhaliq Ahmed , Mohamed Alslami Mohammed Saleh
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted in the poultry farm located in the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the period from 1 March to 1 April 2023 (30 days), to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of different levels of algae powder (0, 2.4 g/kg concentrate) on productive performance and some physiological traits in rabbits. This experiment used 12 local female rabbits aged 9-10 months with an average body weight of 1563.12 ± 30.08 g. The rabbits were distributed into four treatments: the first (T1) was considered as a control treatment (without addition), the second (T2) and the third (T3) treatments were fed diets with algae powder at levels of 2 and 4 g/kg concentrated feed, respectively. The results indicated that the use of powder (2 and 4 g/kg feed concentrate (T2 and T3) led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in final body weight, packed cell volume (PCV), blood hemoglobin (Hb), and blood counts of red blood cells (RBC), and concentration of total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of white blood cells, and concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) in the blood serum of treated animals as compared to control (T1). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of powder at 2 Or 4 g/kg concentrated feed improved growth performance and healthy status of local female rabbits in Iraq.
Evaluation of the Histological Effects of Frying Fodder with Olive Oil and Treated with Bay Leaves and Ginger Roots on the Lungs of Healthy Mice
Authors: Abdullah Abdulmunem Kurdi , Ibrahim Hiba Ahmed , Salih Saeed Muhanad Hamed , Ebraheem Ayad Hameed
Published: July 2024

The research was conducted to investigate the effect of fried extra virgin olive oil on lung tissue, the effect of adding bay leaves and ginger roots separately, and to evaluate the possible tissue effects of damage and treatment. The study included (20) male and female mice that were subjected to the necessary laboratory conditions for 30 days. It was divided as follows: control group; A group whose fodder was fried in olive oil; A group whose fodder was fried in olive oil with bay leaves, and a group whose fodder was fried in olive oil with ginger roots. The results of the group whose feed was fried with olive oil showed disintegration of the muscle fibers of the walls of the trachea and desquamation of its lining, in addition to the infiltration of inflammatory cells and widespread blood congestion of the blood vessels, with the occurrence of hyperplasia and thickening of the septa between the alveoli, in addition to the presence of degeneration, while there was a significant improvement. For the group whose feed was fried in olive oil with bay leaves, there was a slight improvement for the group whose feed was fried in olive oil with ginger roots compared to the group whose feed was fried with olive oil alone. Our research has concluded that the use of olive oil in the frying process has harmful histological effects on the lung, and the use of bay leaves during the frying process can have a significant therapeutic effect on the lung, while the use of ginger roots does not have any therapeutic effect on the histological structure of the lung against induced toxicity. Through the frying process of olive oil.
Improving Blood Characteristics of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress by Diet Supplemented with Capsaicin and Chili Powder
Authors: Abed Ibrahim S. , Al-Shukri Aqeel Y.
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding capsaicin and chili C. annuum powder to poultry diet on phisyological traits (blood qualitatives) of broilers under heat stress conditions. The experiment consisted of 360 Ross-308 hybrid unsexed broiler chicks, one day old at intial weight 40 g/chick raised on a 5 cm floor mattress. The chicks were fed a starter diet (1-10 days), a second diet (11- 24 days), and the final diet 25 - 35 days. The chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments, 3 replicates per treatment, 20 chicks Each. The treatments were: T1 control (basal diet), treatment T2, T3 and T4 basal diet fortified with capsaicin at 15, 30 or 45 mg/kg diet, respectively, while diet of the treatments T5 and T6 was mixed with chili powder at 5 and 10 g/kg diet, respectively. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of red blood cells (RBC) in the birds of T3, T5 and T6, with significant differences from the control T1 and the treatments T2 and T4. All treatments recorded a significant increase (P<0.05) in hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH). A significant superiority (P<0.05) was also recorded in the packed cell volume (PCV) for the birds of the T5 and T6 treatments compared to the birds of T1, T2 and T4 treatments. On the other hand, the total protein concentration increased in the birds of treatments T5, T4, and T3 and significantly differed from the control T1 and T2, T6. At the same time, the T5 treatment was significantly superior to T3 and T4. The cholesterol levels decreased in all treatments compared to the T1 control, while the T5 was significantly superior to the T3 and T4 treatments. The lowest concentration of glucose in the blood was recorded in treatments T4 and T5, which differed significantly from the other treatments. Uric acid concentration significantly decreased in T2, T3, T4, and T5 compared to T1 and T6. The oxidation MDA enzyme was also reduced for all treatments compared to the control. While, a significant increase (P<0.05) was recorded in the concentration of GPX enzyme in the blood of all treatments compared to the control and T4 treatments.
Effect of Adding Natural Antioxidants in Compared to Vitamin E to the Diet on the Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens
Authors: Ahmed Mohanad Th. , Nafea Husam H.
Published: July 2024

The objective of the study was to determine the combined and individual effects of adding Natural antioxidants (astaxanthin and magnolol) to the diet of laying hens (Lohman Brown) in the lipid Profile and some oxidation indicators in blood serum. 120 laying hens, aged 52 weeks, were used in the experiment, which ran from the 20th of March 2022 to the 15th of May 2022 (8 weeks). The hens were randomly allocated to eight experimental treatments, with five replicates for each treatment and three chickens for each replication, the treatments included: T1(Control), T2: vitamin E 300 mg kg-1 diet, T3 and T4: adding asta 200 and 400 mg kg-1 diet respectively, T5 and T6: adding mag 200 and 400 mg kg-1 diet respectively, and T7 and T8: Add a mixture of asta 100 mg kg-1 of diet + mag 100 mg kg-1 of diet and asta 200 mg kg-1 of diet + mag 200 mg kg-1 of diet respectively. The findings showed that supplementing the feed with natural antioxidants significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL in the blood serum of laying hens compared with T1. Furthermore, compared to T1 there was an important increase in the blood serum activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase for all treatments that included natural antibiotics, when compared with the control treatment, treatments T6, T5, and T8 showed a significant decrease in the blood serum value of malondehyde (MDA). We conclude from the study that the health of aging Laying hens reared in Iraq during hot and moderate weather is improved by include naturally available antioxidants in their diet.
Effect of Bioactive Compounds Derived from Taraxacum Officinale on Biochemical and Hematological Traits of Ethylene Glycol Intoxicated Rabbits
Authors: Al-Daoudi Saad R. , Al-Bajari Shihab A. , El-Rawi Elham Abdulhmed
Published: July 2024

The herbaceous Taraxacum officinale, known as dandelion, is found in various regions including America, Europe, Asia, India, and Africa. This particular study aimed to assess the potential of Taraxacum officinale extracts in mitigating the toxic effects of ethylene glycol. There were twenty-five rabbits split up into several groups: a control group without any additives, a group fed ethylene glycol, and several groups fed Taraxacum officinale extracts containing compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids (at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 60 days. Blood samples were collected using plain and EDTA tubes for clinical examination. The results revealed significant elevations (P=0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, globulin, and monocytes in the group fed ethylene glycol (group II). Conversely, there were notable decreases (P=0.05) in protein, albumin. However, after the administration of Taraxacum officinale extracts. ALT, on the other hand, did not show a significant decrease. Additionally, there were significant increases (P=0.05) in protein, A/G ratio, and blood pressure.
The Impact of Biological and Chemical Fungicides on Sheep Lymphocytes’ Ability to Induce Chromosomal Aberration
Authors: Zaidan Hawaa Hatem , Al-Sarai Tamarah Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Through the measurement of chromosomal alterations in sheep fed feed containing these fungicides at varying low and high concentrations, the research aims to compare the genetic toxicity of two pesticides: one chemical, MouldClean, and the other biological, Mycofix.

All of this was contrasted with the fungicide-free control treatment over varying time intervals of 7 and 14 days. The study found that there are chromosomal changes in the lymphocytes of sheep fed with fungicides of chemical origin, MouldClean, at both high and low concentrations after 7 day(0.980. 0.925 respectively) more than what is found in the lymphocytes of sheep fed with biological fungicides(Mycofix) at both high and low concentrations(0.0475, 0.0675 respectively) The same outcomes were seen 14 days after the two pesticide concentrations mentioned above were applied, as the MouldClean treatment had a higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities than the Mycofix treatment did.
Growth Performance and Serum Metabolites of Awassi Lambs Fed Wheat Straw Treated with Urea and Supplemented with Fibrolytic Enzymes
Authors: Abdulameer Alghazli Noor Najm , Majeed Al-Wazeer Anmar Abdulghani
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating wheat straw with urea, supplementing with fibrolytic enzymes (Safaziyme®, cocktail enzymes contained: β-glucanase, xylanase and cellulase) to untreated wheat straw and urea treated wheat straw on growth performance, feed intake and some serum metabolites of growing lambs. Sixteen Awassi male lambs with an average weight 19.0±0.24 kg and 3-4 months old were used at ruminant farm belong to the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. Lambs were distributed randomly to four treatment groups four lambs per treatment and fed: T1: Concentrate diet plus untreated wheat straw (control); T2: Concentrate diet plus wheat straw treated with 3% urea solution; T3: Concentrate diet supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes (2g/head/day) plus untreated wheat straw; T4: Concentrate diet supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes (2g/head/day) plus wheat straw treated with 3% urea solution. Lambs were individually fed concentrate diet at 3% of their live body weight while wheat straw treated with urea or untreated was offered ad libitum for 63 days. Results revealed that total weight gain (TWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly increased (P≤0.01) with lambs fed a combination of urea treatment and enzyme supplementation (T4) as compared to those fed urea treated what straw (T2), supplementation with fibrolytic enzymes(T3) and untreated wheat straw (T1). There were no significant differences in total dry matter intakes among treatments. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P≤0.05) for lambs in T2 and T4, the superiority with lambs in T4. Results were also revealed no significant differences (P≥0.05) on lamb serum metabolites, with numerical decrease in serum urea nitrogen in lambs of T4. These results indicate that supplementation of fibrolytic enzymes alone did not improve the growth performance of lambs. However, combination of urea treatment and enzyme supplementation efficient for lambs growth without adverse effects on animal health.
Effect of Adding Nutmeg Powder on the Productive Qualities of Broiler
Authors: Mohammed Diyar Jaafar , Sali Mohammed Hayfaa Mohammed , Ezzadin Ilham N. , Qader Mohammad Abdulqader Adnan
Published: July 2024

Researchers from the University of Kirkuk’s College of Agriculture in Hawija looked at chickens. This research set out to determine how varying amounts of nutmeg powder in the feed affected the productivity and traits of ross 308 broilers. Three different concentrations were used in the experiment, as the second treatment included the addition of 1% nutmeg. Control feed, the third treatment added 2% nutmeg to Control feed, and the fourth treatment added 3% nutmeg to the Control feed, comparing it to the first treatment (control feed) without nutmeg powder. The chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments, and each treatment included four replicates of 15 birds per experimental unit. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the treatments, with the second treatment (1% nutmeg) and the fourth treatment (3% nutmeg) superior to the control group in average live body weight, and the fourth treatment also superior to the control group. Control in the rate of weight gain, while the treatments containing nutmeg powder recorded a decrease in the amount of feed consumed compared to the control group. As for the feed conversion factor, the third and fourth treatments were found to be superior to the control group. It was concluded from this study that treatments containing nutmeg powder improved the performance and productive characteristics of broilers.
Assessment of Hydrocarbons (Aromatic and Aliphatic) and Identification of their Origins in the Soil of Areas Near Oil Fields in Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Rubaai Shatha Majied
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of total hydrocarbon pollutants in soil (aromatic and aliphatic) to determine the indicators of the origin of petroleum pollutants in locations near oil fields in southern Iraq, namely the Amara Oil Field, Nasiriyah Oil Field, North Rumaila Field Station 5, and Nahran Ben Umar Field. Four surface soil samples (0-30 cm) contaminated with hydrocarbons were taken from each field. It is observed that the origin of aromatic compound pollution in all oil fields is commonly Petrogenic and Pyrogenic, shared between oil and its derivatives resulting from oil spillage during extraction operations from wells, as well as incidents involving pipelines and leaks during oil transportation and extraction, and the gases resulting from incomplete fuel combustion, especially the gas accompanying the burning of oil in burners, as well as the smoke produced by engines, the combustion of diesel fuel, and electric generators. The evidence suggests that the source of aliphatic compounds in all oil field samples was of human origin, resulting from oil industries in the fields, factories, oil refining, transportation through pipes, electric generators, burners, and the toxic gases they produce that are transferred to the soil and cause its pollution with hydrocarbon compounds.
Spatial Analysis of Soil Salinity as One of the Factors of Desertification in Albu Diab District
Authors: Jasm Mayada Safaa , Hussein Adnan Neama , Iwad Abdylmajid Mohamed , Mukhlif Husam Najl , Alenzy Ahmed F. M.
Published: July 2024

Physical and chemical analyses were carried out according to the coordinates used in soil analysis. The obtained results showed a discrepancy in the values of the analyses and sample 5 was the highest area negatively affected by the salinization process, as the analyses indicated a high value of salinity indicators of EC, TDS, SO4, and hco3, and this was accompanied by a decrease in the cultivated area of that area. Which indicates a state of desertification affected by the salt condition. The study relied on the analytical method, the study of the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the Albu Diab district by obtaining 18 samples of topsoil with a depth of 30 cm distributed over the study area, laboratory analyses were conducted to obtain data on the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
The Impact of Mycorrhizal and Azospermum Inoculation, Along with Different Irrigation Levels, on Certain Physiological Characteristics of Strawberry Plants
Authors: Mousa Sahar N. , Altai Salahaldeen H. M. , Khairo Awss M.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to assess how inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and Azospirillum bacteria affects physiological characteristics of strawberry plants under drought conditions and grown in mixed soil. Strawberry seedlings were planted individually in 5 kg pots filled with mixed soil, and urea fertilizer (20% K, 20% P, 20% N) was applied at planting. Irrigation was carried out after planting, based on predetermined treatments, replenishing water when pots lost 50% of their initial weight. The experiment, consisting of six replicates for each treatment, recorded the water added to calculate total water consumption. Results indicated: The interaction between mycorrhizae and Azospirillum showed positive outcomes, with chlorophyll content in leaves averaging 20.23 SPAD units in the treatment. This increase is attributed to Azospirillum’s role in nitrogen fixation, leading to enhanced nitrogen availability for plants. Chlorophyll percentage decreased as irrigation levels increased, ranging from 17.63 to 20 for 100% and 50% irrigation levels, respectively. Phosphorus absorption increased by 1.93% at the flowering stage (40 days) when inoculated with bacteria, but decreased by 2.68% at full maturity (80 days). Potassium absorption increased by 13.39% at the flowering stage and reached 6.20% at full maturity when inoculated with bacteria, likely due to the secretion of growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins. Significant differences were observed in the chemical content of strawberry leaves regarding abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline. ABA concentration was highest (98.14 micrograms/ml) at the first irrigation level without mycorrhizae, while SA had the lowest concentration (13.10 micrograms/ml). At the first irrigation level with mycorrhizae, SA concentration was higher than ABA, reaching 57.04 micrograms/ml, while ABA concentration was 15.25 micrograms/ml.
The Role of Combinations of Soil Bacteria and Carriers with Trifolium Alexaandrinum L. in the Removal and Decomposition of Petroleum Compounds from Contaminated Soils
Authors: Ghallab Sahaf Khalid , Abed ldham Ali
Published: July 2024

A study was conducted by using combinations of Bacillus megagaterium and R. trifolii inoculation with two carriers prepared from date cores and zeolite in the decomposition and removal of petroleum compounds from soil contaminated with the presence of Trifoliumalexa and rinum L. crop. A factorial experiment according to the RCBD at three replications was used. Black oil was added at four levels (0, 2, 3 and 4%), and seven combinations of bacterial inoculation were added with the carrier. The results showed an increase in the amount of petroleum compounds in the vegetative part of T.alexaandrinum L. for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth cuttings, and in the roots when adding black oil at of 3 and 4%and rhizobia bacterial inoculation. Also, it was noticed that the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil clearly decreased, and the percentage of removal of black oil from the soil was 57.28, 59.10 and 59.33% for the 2, 3 and 4% concentrations respectively. We conclude that the use of T. alexaandrinum L. plant and the prepared inoculation with carriers is effective in removing and decomposing petroleum compounds from contaminated soil.
Crop Factor of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Its Relationship to the Salinity of Irrigation Water
Authors: Sameer Mohammed , Hamza Isam Kudhier , Abdulhameed Isam Mohammed
Published: July 2024

A lysimeters’ experiment was conducted in the fall season of 2022, at the College of Agriculture in Ramadi city west of Iraq, aiming to determine the actual water consumption and crop coefficient (Kc) of maize (Zea mays
L.) under irrigation with saline water. As well, calculating the reference evapotranspiration from evaporation pan data, climate data using Kharrufa equation, and yield coefficient for maize using three different salinity water types, distilled water (S0), saline water (S1), 2ds m−1 and (S2), 4ds m−1. The results confirmed the existence of an inverse relationship between actual evapotranspiration (ETa), reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and crop coefficient (Kc) as irrigation water salinity increased. ETa values risen to 1342.13 mm with distilled water (S0) and declined to 971.11 and 792.61 mm for treatments S1 and S2, respectively. ETo values, computed from evaporation pan, were 961.40 mm for treatment S0, decreasing to 867.18 and 825.25 mm for treatments S1 and S2, respectively. For July, August, and October, actual ETa values reduced by 64.9%, 7.5%, and 19.9%, respectively, compared to ETo values. ETa values calculated using Kharrufa equation, reached 937.15 mm. The total ETo values derived from the equation for treatment S0 were 30.17% lower than the measured values, while for treatment S2 were 22.14% higher. ETo values closely aligned with treatment S1, differing by only 3.49%, indicating ability to adopt of the Kharrufa equation for salinity levels up to 2 ds/m under field conditions during the growing season. Kc values, determined from ETa and ETo data, decreased across all growth stages with increasing irrigation water salinity. Highest Kc values were 0.59, 0.84, 1.55, 1.82, and 1.48 with distilled water (S0), without any change during the germination stage, and decreased by 3.5% and 7.1% for the vegetative stage, 13.5% and 32.2% for the flowering stage, 37.9% and 61.53% for the grain formation stage, and 49.3%, 68.3% for the maturation stage for treatments (S1 and S2), respectively.
The Effect of Different Parent Materials and Topography on the Mineral Properties of some Soils in Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Authors: Majied S. S. , Essa S. K.
Published: July 2024

A study transect was chosen in the Sulaymaniyah Plain, extending from the Hiybat Sultan Heights in the north to the Qara dagh Heights in the south, and represented by four soil pedons (Hiybat Sultan, Khalikan, Bakra Jaw, and Qara Dagh), where both the Bakra Jaw and Khalikan pedons represent the sites of the plain region. This study was conducted for the purpose of knowing the effect of both the parent material and topography on the mineral properties of these soils. The results of diffraction X-ray examination of clay separated particles showed that the arrangement of clay minerals according to their dominance was according to the following order: smectite minerals > mica> chlorite >layered minerals > kaolinites. While the dominance of mica minerals within the soils of the plains of the plain region is due to the influence of the source material, slope, topography, and distance from high ends.