bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMERGING THERAPY FOR DENGUE
Authors: R. Tayade M. , M. Shinkar D. , B. Patil P. , B. Saudagar R.
Published: March 2018

Dengue fever is acute febrile diseases, it’s caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genusare Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes can occurs. It’s transmitted to humans by the mosquito. The incidence of dengue has grown around the world in recent a period of ten years. However, several classes of agents are in under investigation as potential anti-dengue drugs, including direct host modulators, antivirals, and RNAi therapeutics. These anti-dengue drugs in development will be reviewed here.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION OF VALSARTAN
Authors: . Manishaanjane , Agrawal Shikha , Khan Amreen
Published: March 2018

Objective: The objective of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate Valsartan nanosuspension by nanoprecipitation ultra sonication method using different polymers to enhance solubility and bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug.Methods: Formulation of nanosuspension of valsartan by nanoprecipitation technique was used. The nanosuspension formulations were prepared using different polymers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose E50, polyvinyl pyrollidone k-30, polyethene glycol 6000 and sodium lauryl sulphate was used as the surfactant.Results: The formulation of nanosuspension was formed clear and no sedimentation was seen on further shaking. The nanosuspension formulations were Valsatan shows maximum solubility in HPMC as a non-volatile solvent. All the Preformulation parameters were evaluated such as organoleptic characterization of drug sample, melting point, pH, partition coefficient, identification of drug samples by using UV spectroscopy and FTIR analytical method, preparation of calibration curves, solubility studies of drug sample like qualitative, quantitative and pH dependent solubility of drug in different pH buffer solution. The viscosity of the dispersion medium was more in F10.895 mPa-s and F2 0.894 mPa-s than the other formulations. The particle size distribution of the nanosuspension with zeta potential found to be negative mv. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was no possible interaction between drug and polymer.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that in recent advances in novel drug delivery system aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for administration and to achieve better patient compliance, one such approach is nanosuspension.
REVIEW: FAST DISSOLVING TABLET
Authors: S. Aher Smita , B. Saudagar R. , S. Shinde Mayuri
Published: March 2018

Fast dissolving tablets is one of the most widely accepted dosage forms and also most popular dosage form, especially for pediatric patients because of incomplete development of the muscular and nervous system and a case of geriatric patients suffering from Parkinson’s disorder or hand tremors. Some solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules are present days facing the problems like difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), resulting in many incidences of non-compliance and making the therapy ineffective. Oral dosage form and oral route are the most preferred route of administration for various drugs have limitations like the first-pass metabolism. Fast dissolving tablets are one of them. FDT have benefits such as accurate dosing, easy portability and manufacturing, good physical and chemical stability and an ideal alternative for pediatric and geriatric patients. Some tablets are designed to dissolve fastly in saliva, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity and are more appropriately termed fast-disintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate.
COMPUTATIONAL DOCKING AND IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITOR PUNIGRATANE
Authors: Rafiq Zumaana , Sivaraj Saranya , Vaidyanathan Rama
Published: March 2018

Objective: Efflux-mediated resistance is a growing therapeutic complication as it reduces the efficacy of antibiotics. In gram-negative bacteria like E. coli and K. pneumoniae, this can be overcome with the help of efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) targeted at the transporter protein AcrB that plays a key role in binding to antibiotics. Our study focuses on the potential EPI Punigratane isolated from the rind of Punica granatum. Using computational docking analysis and in silico analysis, our aim is to determine whether Punigratane has the ability to interact and inhibit the AcrB pump and whether it has drug viability.Materials: Computational docking analyses were carried out using the online platforms Mcule and PatchDock. Drug-likeness and classification of Punigratane was predicted using online tools PreADMET and SuperPred. Admet SAR and Toxicity Checker at Mcule were used to predict ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and overt toxicity properties.Results: Punigratane was computationally docked with 57 AcrB crystal structures available at the PDB database to determine whether it could bind to the active site regions. It was found to bind in the periplasmic region close to the substrate bile acid where it is thought to bring about inhibition by steric hindrances. When docked with AcrB mutant (AcrB N109A), it was found to bind in the same periplasmic site as the substrates (EtBr, Rhodamine 6G, Ciprofloxacin, Bile acid) as well as the inhibitor (phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide-PaβN). When docked in the active site of the inhibitor MBX2319, it was found to have a comparable docking score as well as the same hydrophobic interactions as the inhibitor. In silico analysis showed that Punigratane exhibited a drug-likeness to the inhibitor MBX2319 and that its drug classification is similar to antimicrobial agents. It was also found be a potential drug due to its intestinal absorption, increased bioavailability and non-toxic nature.Conclusion: Therefore our report shows that Punigratane could be a potential drug candidate that inhibits efflux activity by interacting and inhibiting the AcrB efflux pump.
OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE RISK IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Syngle Tanya , Kaur Sudeep , Garg Nidhi
Published: March 2018

Objective: Osteoporosis is an extra-articular complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with increased risk of fractures. FRAX is an online tool for assessing risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, the relationship between the FRAX score and disease specific risk factors has not yet been investigated in RA. Hence, we assessed 10-year fracture risk using FRAX and its relationship with disease activity score, inflammation and disease duration in RA.Methods: 50 RA patients enrolled and recruited consecutively in a special camp organized for RA patients on the occasion of World Osteoporosis Day, 2016to estimate the osteoporotic fracture risk from Rheumatology clinic. Predicted 10-year risk of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) by FRAX score without information on bone mineral density (BMD). Inflammatory disease activity measures included disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. FRAX score also estimated in 40 age and sex matched healthy controls.Results: FRAX estimated significantly enhanced fracture risk in active RA, both for MOF (13.34±1.26%) and hip fracture (6.84±1.03%) as compared to controls for MOF (5.46±0.95%) and hip fracture (1.97±0.49%). In RA patients, MOF and hip fracture risk correlated with DAS28 and disease duration and MOF risk correlated with ESR and CRP.Conclusion: Active RA patients, even in the absence of BMD have an increased FRAX score indicating an enhanced 10-year probability of MOF and hip fracture. Long disease duration, high disease activity and an elevated ESR and CRP are potential disease specific risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in RA.
BIOFILM FORMATION OF METHICILLIN AND VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CELLULAR PHONES
Authors: Pattnaik Swati , Mishra Shatabdi , Mohapatra Swati , Rath Chandi Charan , Maity Sudipta , Samantaray Deviprasad
Published: March 2018

Objective: The goal of the study was to explore the occurrence of methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus species from cellular phones and preventive measures to avoid contamination. Methods: The issues addressed in this investigation are i) Isolation of bacteria from 70 cellular phones through swab culture method ii) Characterization of the isolates by standard biochemical test iii) Antibiogram pattern study of the isolates iv) Molecular identification of the selected isolate through 16s rDNA sequencing v) Virulence study through biofilm assay vi) Susceptibility of the isolates against commonly used disinfectants and essential oils through disc diffusion. Results: All 70 different cellular phone used in this study harbored 120 isolates of bacteria. Of which, we recorded high incidence of Gram-positive cocci (51.6%) and 22 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus species. Three isolates (52N6, 53N9 and 53N6) were resistant to both methicillin and vancomycin, in addition, showed resistance against several other antibiotics. The strain 53N6 that exhibited multidrug resistance was further identified as Staphylococcus sp. strain CPC53N6 through 16s rDNA sequencing with NCBI accession no. KX858346. Virulence activity of the isolate was observed by its biofilm forming capacity as revealed from SEM imaging and the biofilms were composed of aggregated cocci and fibriform extracellular matrix. All the Staphylococcus isolates, including CPC53N6, were sensitive to disinfectants like dettol and cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) oil indicating their use as preventive measures. Conclusion: Thus, the methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus species of cellular phones can be decontaminated through cinnamon oil to minimize further transmission.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN, LINAGLIPTIN IN JENTADUETO AND METFORMIN, SAXAGLIPTIN IN KOMBIGLYZE BY LC-MS METHOD
Authors: Prasad P. B.n. , Satyanarayana K. , Mohan G. Krishna
Published: March 2018

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to develop a novel, simple and economic method for the determination of metformin (MET), linagliptin (LIN) and saxagliptin (SAX) in jentadueto and kombiglyze sample by employing the liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric method for estimation in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form in presence of degradation products.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved by using the mobile phase composition of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.5 (85:15 % v/v) on the Hypurity advance C-18 column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Ion signals m/z “130.10/70.10, 473.10/420.40 and 316.30/180.20” for metformin, linagliptin and saxagliptin respectively measured in positive ion mode. The detailed validation of the method was performed as per ICH guidelines.Results: The results of all validation parameters found within acceptance limits. The linearity of the drugs was found to be in the concentration range of 50–5000 ng/ml for all the drugs. Accuracy of the drugs was found to be from 94-102% and precision was found 4.67% RSD for all three drugs. The validated method was employed for the determination of drugs in the formulation and also determined the drugs in the presence of degradation products under stress conditions.Conclusion: The method was developed and validated as per guidelines. Hence, this method can be used for the simultaneous determination of metformin, linagliptin and metformin, saxagliptin in bulk and combined dosage forms.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND STABILITY STUDIES FOR DETERMINATION OF BUMETANIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP-UPLC
Authors: Boni Chaitanya , Sundararajan Raja
Published: March 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a new, simple, accurate, precise and reproducible RP-UPLC method for the estimation of bumetanide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: Acquity SB C18, 2 x 100 mm, 1.8 µmm, 5m particle size column with the mobile phase consisting of water: acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 v/v were used. The effluents were moniRTat 254 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/minute.Results: The retention time was 0.852 min. Quantitative linearity was obeyed in the concentration range of 12.5 to 75 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient for bumetanide was found to be 0.999. Recovery and assay studies of bumetanide were within 99 to 102%, indicating that the proposed method can be adaptable for quality control analysis of bumetanide. The % RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. Bumetanide was subjected to stress environment of degradation in aqueous solutions including oxidation, hydrolysis, thermal and photolysis degradation.Conclusion: Proposed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, and quick and can be used for regular analysis. This condition was applied to tablet dosage form. The statistical parameters and recovery studies were reported.
EVOLUTION OF NANOTECH ASSISTED PCR DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS ASSESSMENT WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS
Authors: Sawant Deepak V. , Desai M. M. , Patil R. S. , Pawar S. H.
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study was focused on assessment and performance of conventional and nanotech assisted methods for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) still leftovers one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, thus this study has undertaken the use of MNP for early detection of TB.Methods: A cross-sectional studies were conducted on clinical and radiological suspected TB patients in the department of microbiology at D. Y. Patil hospital Kolhapur. All samples received in the month of August 2016 to January 2017. Total One hundred twenty-sputum samples were processed for diagnosis of TB by ZN stain, culture on L. J. Medium and real-timePCR tests.Results: In our present study, 60.83% (73) patient male and 39.17 % (47) were female patient, showing a borderline male prevalence found in our study. Eighteen percent patients were found to be in the age group (21-30 y) are mostly affected for pulmonary tuberculosis. A significant difference was seen in the percentage of differentDNA extraction methods, the fig. being conventional chloroform-phenol 66.66%, the commercial kit 80%, magnetic bead 86.66% and MNPs method 99.66% found to be significant (P<0.0001**).Conclusion: In the present study the MNP-DNA extraction techniques with NALC followed by IS6110 target amplification were found superior for diagnosis of TB. The MNP assisted extraction method showed better results in terms of quantification and sensitivity of TB PCR diagnosis, evolving nanotech assisted innovative method.
ORAL ANTICOAGULANT PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS FOR UTILISATION PATTERN AMONG IN-PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Jeny Reshma Elsa , Sabu Jenny Susan , Murthy Mamatha Krishna , Madappa Nagamalesh Udigala
Published: March 2018

Objective: Selection of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in patients with thromboembolic diseases is complex and equivocal in nature, owing majorly to the non-adherence to standard clinical guidelines. Moreover, there is a scarcity of data on utilisation pattern of OACs in Indian population. Our primary objective was to analyse the prescribing pattern of OACs among in-patients with thromboembolic disorders. The secondary objective was to determine the significant predictors that affect their utilisation pattern.Methods: This prospective observational study examined the clinical data over 6 mo from in-patients on oral anticoagulation with warfarin and acenocoumarol. Patients were recruited into 2 study groups: coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD to analyse the prescription pattern. Potential predictors of utilisation pattern were evaluated for significance with logistic regression analysis for CAD group.Results: Prescription analysis highlights preference of acenocoumarol (72.4%) over warfarin among 232 in-patients in the study. Lack of achievement of target international normalised ratio (INR) levels was noticed in 74.2% of the study population. 57.8% of cases belonged to CAD group (males 76.7%; mean age 59.4±13.5 y). Valvular heart disease (VHD) was the significant predictor (p =0.001) of warfarin utilisation among CAD patients while male gender, heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia were significant for acenocoumarol.Conclusion: Predominance of age<60 y and male gender was observed in the study. Acenocoumarol was preferred over warfarin in all the in-patient departments. VHD, male gender, HF and arrhythmia significantly affected the OAC utilisation.
FORMULATION AND DESIGN OF EXTENDED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF ZIDOVUDINE HYDROCHLORIDE: A STUDY ON EFFECT OF VARIOUS GRADES OF ETHOCEL AND HPMC
Authors: Roy Harekrishna
Published: March 2018

Objective: The current research was an attempt to formulate and design an extend release dosage form of zidovudine hydrochloride using various grades of ethyl cellulose (ethocel) such as ethocel 4CPS, ethocel 7 CPS and aqualon T10 Pharm EC with two grades of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M).Methods: Pilot scale batches of nine formulations were prepared using kollidon and adopting wet granulation technique. Physiochemical properties of tablet and granules were examined prior compression to get tablet. Tablets were characterized as drug content, percentage weight variation, thickness, Hardness, percentage friability and in vitro drug release pattern and studied for 12 hour in USP Type-II apparatus using 900 ml Phosphate buffer at 37±0.5 °C. The dissolution release profile of drug in tablet was performed by various drug release kinetic modelling.Results: The result revealed formulation F8 containing ethocel 7CPS and aqualon T10 was able to delay the pure drug release for 12 h and followed Higuchi pattern. Whereas; formulations containing only ethocel 4CPS provided earlier drug release. Dissolution data of promising formulation were analysed with innovator formulation for similarity factor (f2), exhibited an acceptable value more than 50. FT-IR (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) study revealed no such incompatibility found between the pure drug and polymers but slight change in crystalinity were observed in XRD study (X-ray diffraction). SEM (scanning electron microscope) study revealed very rare intragranular pore and cavity.Conclusion: From that, it can be marked as viscosity and selection of ethocel have great importance in delay drug release.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING IN DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN TERMS OF PATIENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR MEDICATION, DISEASE STATE AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS BY PHARMACY PERSONNEL AT LDF CLINIC IN MASERU
Authors: Maja Lineo , Masia Thabiso , Binyane Kabelo , Ramathebane Maseabata
Published: March 2018

Objective: To investigate if diabetic and hypertensive patients were being adequately counselled by pharmacy personnel about their medication, disease states and lifestyle modifications at Lesotho defence force (LDF) clinic in Maseru.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic and hypertensive patients treated at LDF clinic in Maseru from March to May 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a face-to-face interview with patients. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to analyse collected data.Results: The study population consisted of 222 participants; 22 (28.2%) of diabetic. respondents had inadequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus complications and 56 (71.8%) had no knowledge of complications. 153 (78.8%) of hypertensive respondents had inadequate knowledge of hypertension complications and 33 (17.1%) had no knowledge of complications. 56 (25.2%) had adequate knowledge of lifestyle modifications of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and 164 (73.9%) had inadequate knowledge. 182 (82.0%) had adequate knowledge of their anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medicines names, 20 (9.0%) had inadequate knowledge and 20 (9.0%) had no knowledge. 63 (28.4%) had adequate knowledge of their medicines strengths, 17 (7.7%) had inadequate knowledge and 142 (64.0%) had no knowledge. 199 (89.6%) respondents had adequate knowledge of dosing frequency and 20 (9.0%) had inadequate knowledge.Conclusion: Hypertensive and diabetic patients’ knowledge about medication, disease states and lifestyle modifications were inadequate due to poor patient counselling on such aspects by pharmacy personnel at LDF clinic in Maseru.
“Fighting the Same Old Battle”: Obscured Oil Sands Entanglements in Press Coverage of Indigenous Resistance in the Winter of 1983
Authors: Audette-Longo Patricia H.
Published: March 2018

Background  This article examines a week-long road blockade that took place in northern Alberta in January, 1983, organized by members of the Fort McKay First Nation and the Fort McKay Métis Community. The communities leveraged their blockade against a logging company, expanding the conversation to demand compensation, tougher oil sands pollution management, and better healthcare access. Analysis  A critical discourse analysis of newspaper coverage of the blockade in the local Fort McMurray Today and the provincial Edmonton Journal shows how links between the blockade and broader oil sands politics were minimized. Conclusions and implications  The article closes with considerations for contemporary journalistic practices of covering oil development, energy politics, and Indigenous resistance.Contexte  Cet article examine le blocus d’une semaine organisé par la Première Nation de Fort McKay et la Communauté Métis de Fort McKay au nord de l’Alberta en janvier 1983. Ces communautés ont mis à profit leur blocus contre une entreprise forestière pour demander des compensations, une gestion plus stricte de la pollution provenant des sables bitumineux et un meilleur accès aux soins.Analyse  Une analyse critique du discours utilisé pour parler du blocus dans les journaux, au niveau local dans le Fort McMurray Today et au niveau provincial dans le Edmonton Journal, démontre comment les liens entre le blocus et les politiques plus larges des sables bitumineux ont été minimisés.Conclusion et implications  L’article conclut avec des considérations pour les pratiques journalistiques contemporaines dans la couverture du développement pétrolier, politiques énergétiques et résistance autochtone.
Violencia, trata de personas y extinción social. Apostillas sobre su contexto y devenir histórico social
Authors: Grima José Manuel
Published: March 2018

La trata de personas asumió diversas formas a lo largo de la historia. Aquí se trata de comprender el escenario actual (capital en estadio neoliberal), al señalar los cambios operados en el mismo respecto del estadio precedente. Se propone un recorrido por tres apostillas, a modo de ensayo, sobre el margen del problema en cuestión. Un primer sendero sobre las interrogantes que postula la teoría de la colonialidad, en la reproducción de patrones de poder. La segunda parada apuesta a describir brevemente el rol del Estado-nación en el estadio neoliberal del capital, para cerrar con un análisis del pasaje hacia sociedades, cuyos dispositivos de gubernamentalidad producen exclusión-extinción social, y se entiende la trata de personas como uno de estos.
Study of turbidity treatment in Karangpilang II Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Rahman Arief , Masduqi Ali
Published: March 2018

Karangpilang II Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a part of Karangpilang WTP of Surabaya Water Utilities that serves the water supply for Surabaya City. Karangpilang II WTP has the biggest clean water production capacity in Karangpilang WTP, which is 2500 L/s. Using conventional treatment to remove turbidity, the treatment plant in Karangpilang II WTP consists of pre-sedimentation, clearator and filter units. In this study, evaluation of turbidity quality in production water and turbidity removal efficiency were conducted to analyze the Karangpilang II WTP performance in turbidity treatment. The evaluation was conducted using the 2016 data, by comparing the turbidity of production water with the Water Quality Standard of the Water Utilities, and by comparing the turbidity of raw water, effluents of each treatment unit and production water. The evaluation result showed that in the case of Karangpilang II WTP turbidity removal performance, there were some occurrences that the turbidity in production water has not met the standard quality. The results also showed that there was a unit in the Karang Pilang II WTP with inadequate performance in turbidity removal, namely preâ€‘sedimentation unit. There are some solutions for the problem of turbidity removal in Karangpilang II WTP: increasing the maintenance schedule for pre-sedimentation unit; determining the proper turbidity reference in determination of coagulant dose; optimizing the coagulant dose; using produced sludge from water treatment as coagulant aid along with Al2SO4; and using capping material in filter unit.
Determination of provincial level of hazardous waste collection location in East Java province using center of gravity method
Authors: E. Dedy Oktrianto , Siswanto Nurhadi
Published: March 2018

East Java is the province with the second largest industry in Indonesia. Data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia in 2016 showed that approximately 549,750 ton of hazardous waste produced by industry in East Java and about 58% or about 320,499 ton is treated. Currently, treatment of hazardous waste is still conducted outside of East Java Province. Meanwhile, untreated hazardous waste needs to be kept in a suitable place in order not to pollute the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to collect hazardous waste in East Java. The objective of this research is to determine the site of hazardous waste collection location in East Java. The method used to select the location is Centre of Gravity method based on minimal transportation cost. Following the selection of the best location, the warehouse design and risk identification are conducted. The analysis results showed the suitable location is situated at coordinates (-7.34962;112.68251) with total transportation costs of Rp. 170,370,268,038. The storage area was 4.94784 hectares. Based on risk Identification, there were 5 risks: Fire, explosion, reactivity, health problems, and environmental pollution.
Mitigation strategy on reduction greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of landuse sector for the province of Papua
Authors: Suebu Elvis Franklin , Hermana Joni , Boedisantoso Rachmat
Published: March 2018

Studying the right strategy in the implementation of the mitigation of reducing GHG emission in an effort to control climate change caused by deforestation and forest degradation (REDD +) in Papua Province is an important step that must be done. Emission levels in Papua Province in 2010 was dominated by forestry sub-sector and other land use in the amount of 639,818,463 ton CO2eq or approximately 99.8% from the  total of GHG emissions of 640,737,952.64 ton CO2eq. To analyze the implementation strategy of mitigation (REDD +), the calculation of the level of carbon emission must be done first. The calculation of carbon emissions for this sub-sector is done by referring to the method that has been developed by the IPCC GL-2006. Meanwhile, to sub-sectors of forestry and other land use, the calculation used the historical and forward-looking approach. The level of carbon emissions from forestry sub-sector accounted for 921,779,031.23 ton CO2eq (historical method) and 1,052,683,205.46 ton CO2eq (forward-looking method) of mitigation program at the end of 2020. Strategy of mitigation action program was for carbon uptake and carbon storage stabilization. The mitigation scenario for forestry sub-sector capable of reducing emissions was by 552,303,873 ton CO2eq or by 52.47% of the total cumulative emissions at the end of 2020 (forward-looking method).
Drainage system evaluation and control of inundation in campus and housing areas of ITS, Surabaya
Authors: Alvin Eldo Fikri , Mardyanto Mas Agus
Published: March 2018

The campus area of Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember/ITS) and its housing complex are usually inundated during heavy rain. It is because the slope of the land of the campus area is generally flat. Moreover, some of the existing drainage channels also contain sediment thus reducing the optimum capacity of the channels. Hence, an evaluation of ITSâ€™s drainage system needs to be conducted. This evaluation was undertaken in stage with the following steps: identification of the existing problems, collection of primary and secondary data, literature review, calculation of the capacity of the existing channels, calculation of run-off, and analysis of the existing retention ponds. The primary data included the flow direction, the slope and dimensions of the channels, and thickness of sediment in the channels. The secondary data comprised rainfall intensity, ITS master plan, and land use. The calculation included the engineering design, the bill of quantity (BOQ), and budget. A standard operating procedure for drainage system maintenance to make the channels optimum was also suggested. From the analysis, it is shown that the maximum daily rainfall is 136.09 mm/day for a 5 year-rainfall return period and 159.19 mm/day for a 10 year-rainfall return period. Inundation around ITS is resulted from some channels which are not connected to each other making drainage water unable to flow easily to the receiving water body (river). Another cause of such inundation is the slope of some channels that were not made properly. The inundation of some roads occurs because of the absence of street inlets, resulting in the water unable to flow to the side channels. It can be concluded that in some areas, the number of secondary channels and box culverts needs to be added, the slope of some channels needs to be rearranged, and a total of 288 street inlets must be constructed along the planning area.
The influence of multifunctional microalloyed ceramics microstructure on its capacity properties
Authors: Purenovic Jelena , Ducic Nedeljko , Matovic Branko , Purenovic Milovan
Published: March 2018

Modified porous alumo-silicate ceramics, alloyed with magnesium and microalloyed with aluminum, belongs to modern multifunctional ceramic materials. Microalloying has led to important changes in dielectric and electrical properties of ceramics, such as dielectric constant and electrical resistance. These changes are conditioned by the microstructural properties of modified porous ceramics. The obtained results have shown the unity of the influence of composition, structure, morphology and application of microalloyed multifunctional alumosilicate ceramics on electrophysical properties. Microstructural investigations have shown that this type of ceramics has an amorphous-crystal structure, which causes important changes in its electrical properties and affects its activity. Therefore the ceramics can be considered as an active dielectric. A correlation between microstructural properties and structurally sensitive, i.e. electrophysical properties of microalloyed multifunctional alumo-silicate ceramics, was confirmed.
The organic structure and effectiveness of the Byzantine fiscal system - a critical evaluation
Authors: Maniatis George
Published: March 2018

This article investigates the organization and effectiveness of the Byzantine
fiscal system and of the implementing government apparatus as constituent
elements of the operative institutional framework of the economy. Emphasis
is placed on: the conceptualization and architecture of the imperial
budget; the established budgetary objectives and priorities; the method
employed in the preparation and execution of the budget; the enacted tax
structure, evolution over time, and associated incidence; the sources of
revenue relied upon; dispassion in tax collection; the rationalization of
tax concessions and relief; the extent of tax avoidance and remedial
measures; the impact of an array of public expenditures on the economy; the
socio-economic repercussions of tax enforcement policies and tactics; and
the effectiveness of the fiscal system and of the implementing bureaucracy
in achieving prescribed goals. It is hoped that the searching examination
and ensuing evaluation of the instituted fiscal arrangements put into effect
diachronically will provide valuable insights as to their genesis,
adaptation over time to reflect changing circumstances, experiences and
expediencies, and their ultimate effectiveness in light of the Byzantine
economic, social, and political realities.
A contribution to the issue of the Byzantine legacy in the area of Lower Syrmia (Sirmia Citerior)
Authors: Hardi Djura
Published: March 2018

Historiography has long debated the issue of the rule of a former Byzantine
Empress Maria, Margaret ?rp?d and her sons over the area of Upper Syrmia
(Sirmia Ulterior) - lands South of the river Sava, after Margaret?s return to
Hungary (around 1222). This area is usually connected with Margaret?s dowry.
It is also well known that Margaret received from her brother, Andrew II of
Hungary, a significant number of properties in the South of Hungary. Among
these were also the properties located in Lower Syrmia (Sirmia Citerior),
where, at the time, the institution of the Duchy of Syrmia had already been
established. The author of this paper explores the character of Margaret?s
family?s rule in the area of South Hungary, specifically Lower Syrmia and the
County of Kovin. Their rule in Lower Syrmia can be indirectly confirmed by
means of comparative archontological data kept in Hungarian royal charters.
It is acceptable to assume that the entire Duchy of Syrmia was, as a
particular honor, in the possession of the family. The author believes that
it is quite possible that the title Dominus Sirmii/Syrmie, which Margaret?s
son John Angelos bore, referred not only to Upper, but also to Lower Syrmia.
Synaxarion vita of Saint Mary of Egypt - the earliest Serbian manuscript copies
Authors: Radulovic Milka
Published: March 2018

The paper discusses Synaxarion vita of Saint Mary of Egypt according to
earliest Serbian copies in synaxarions. The texts of the three translations
are compared between each other and also with the extensive Vita of Saint
Mary of Egypt. In both simple prologue and prologue with verses the text
about this saint is established on the duration of two opposite parts in her
life and it points out the details existing in iconography, although one
version of synaxarion with verses introduces an unfamilliar information about
her burial.
The earthly and the heavenly Jerusalem in the Serbian Alexander Romance
Authors: Zivkovic Milos
Published: March 2018

The motif of Alexander?s visit to Jerusalem in the Serbian Alexander Romance
is distinctive in the context of Classical, Byzantine and Hebrew literature.
The role of Jerusalem as a sacred space is analyzed in accordance with A.
Lidov?s theory of hierotopy, and the symbols of the Heavenly and the Earthly
Jerusalem in the Serbian Alexander Romance are considered in relation to the
various theological and ideological points of view.
Composed chrysoboulloi of kings Uros II Milutin and Stefan Dusan to the Hilandar monastery a contribution to Serbian diplomacy
Authors: Zivojinovic Mirjana , Savic Viktor
Published: March 2018

In an examination of the content and the philological analysis of several
transcripts of the chrysoboulloi of kings Uros II Milutin and Stefan Dusan
(four monastery transcipts and a chancery transcript made out in the
chancery of the Serbian ruler), we demonstrate the role of what is today the
lost chrysoboullos of King Uros I (from around 1276) in the composition of
these documents and the nature of their inter-relatedness. Uros?s
chrysoboullos, first of all, was entered by means of a transcription in the
chrysoboullos of King Milutin (1297-1299), and then, through the
chrysoboullos which was approved in the Assembly (in around 1303), it
continued to serve as the basis for writing the composed chrysoboulloi of
the kings Milutin (firstly, in 1313/1314 and later) and Dusan (1336/1345).
In observing the issues of chrysoboulloi of the Serbian rulers and their
transcription in the Hilandar monastery, we have tried to contribute to a
better knowledge of the two chanceries in the Middle Ages, that of the
Serbian ruler, and of the Hilandar monastery.
Patient Characteristics Associated With Severe Hypoglycemia in a Type 2 Diabetes Cohort in a Large, Integrated Health Care System From 2006 to 2015
Authors: Misra-Hebert Anita D. , Pantalone Kevin M. , Ji Xinge , Milinovich Alex , Dey Tanujit , Chagin Kevin M. , Bauman Janine M. , Kattan Michael W. , Zimmerman Robert S.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE

To identify severe hypoglycemia events, defined as emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hypoglycemia, in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving care in a large health system and to identify patient characteristics associated with severe hypoglycemia events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study from January 2006 to December 2015 using the electronic medical record in the Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS). Participants included 50,439 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving care in the CCHS. Number of severe hypoglycemia events and associated patient characteristics were identified.

RESULTS

The incidence proportion of severe hypoglycemia increased from 0.12% in 2006 to 0.31% in 2015 (P = 0.01). Compared with patients who did not experience severe hypoglycemia, those with severe hypoglycemia had similar median glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. More patients with severe hypoglycemia versus those without had a prior diagnosis of nonsevere hypoglycemia (9% vs. 2%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression confirmed an increased odds for severe hypoglycemia with insulin, sulfonylureas, increased number of diabetes medications, history of nonsevere hypoglycemia (odds ratio [OR] 3.01, P < 0.001), HbA1c <6% (42 mmol/mol) (OR 1.95, P < 0.001), black race, and increased Charlson comorbidity index. Lower odds of severe hypoglycemia were noted with higher BMI and use of metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists.

CONCLUSIONS

In this retrospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes with severe hypoglycemia, patient characteristics were identified. Patients with severe hypoglycemia had previous nonsevere hypoglycemia diagnoses more frequently than those without. Identifying patients at high risk at the point of care can allow for change in modifiable risk factors and prevention of severe hypoglycemia events.
Los guayaquileños frente a la calidad del servicio de los restaurantes franquiciados internacionales
Authors: Torres Briones Carlos Luis , Moreira García Juan Arturo
Published: March 2018

Se determinaron los factores claves para lograr un servicio de calidad dentro de un tipo de negocio muy poco explorado en la ciudad de Guayaquil como lo son los restaurantes franquiciados internacionales. Para poder cumplir este objetivo fue necesario aplicar una investigación cuantitativa que ayude a de consumo de los guayaquileños al momento de elegir un restaurante franquiciado internacional, las cuales podrían llegar a transformarse en .S escogió el cuestionario estructurado como herramienta de investigación de mercados, y se encuestaron a un total de 400 personas entre hombres y mujeres de 18 a mayores de 40 años de la ciudad de Guayaquil, incluyendo S . principio se procedió a determinar si la comida era el factor más importante para los guayaquileños al momento de elegir un restaurante franquiciado . una serie de variables relacionadas con las instalaciones, accesibilidad, personal, ambiente, comida y consistencia y honestidad de los restaurantes franquiciados internacionales donde se pudo constatar que los factores higiene y temperatura agradable del local, las alternativas de pago, el trato cordial del personal de servicio, el sabor de la comida y el tiempo de espera de los pedidos.
La innovación de la práctica docente, desde la perspectiva relacional ciencia, tecnología y sociedad
Authors: Portilla Faicán Gladys Isabel
Published: March 2018

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la innovación de la práctica docente universitaria, en el contexto normativo educativo ecuatoriano y en la dinámica de la era digital, desde la perspectiva relacional de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (CTS) en la tradición dialectico materialista. El objetivo de este estudio es poner de relieve en el proceso investigativo de doctorado el análisis de la relación de lo que se investiga con los postulados de CTS, desde diferentes enfoques, concepciones y contextos. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se abordaron diversas fuentes  bibliográficas acerca de las concepciones, posturas y tendencias en torno a la relación CTS en el campo de la innovación de la práctica docente universitaria. Este estudio fue parte del programa de investigación en la formación de doctorado en Ciencias de la Educación en el Centro de Estudios para el Perfeccionamiento de la Educación Superior (CEPES) de la Universidad de La Habana. De la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de la temática se arriba a conclusiones que dan cuenta de la importancia de la relación CTS, por un lado, en la investigación como proceso de formación doctoral y, por otro lado, en la innovación de la práctica docente, como objeto de investigación.
Work-Life Balance, Couple Satisfaction, and Father Involvement: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Parung Gaby Ersinta , Ferreira Nuno
Published: March 2018

The goals of the study were to identify: (a) the differences in father involvement level between fathers in the United Kingdom and Asia; (b) the differences in father involvement between fathers within Asia (Indonesia and Hong Kong); and (c) the factor that contributed to father involvement the most: work-life balance or couple satisfaction. By using snowball sampling, 256 fathers (51 from the United Kingdom, 106 from Indonesia, and 99 from Hong Kong) participated in the study via an online survey that measured their level of involvement, couple satisfaction, and work-life balance. Results revealed a statistically significant difference in father involvement between fathers from Indonesia and Hong Kong (t = 6.307, p < .000, 95% = 16.286, 31.101), but not between fathers from the United Kingdom and Asia (t = - .487, p = .627, 95% = - 8.003, - 4.841). Couple satisfaction was directly correlated to father involvement and also acted as the mediating factor between work-life balance and father involvement meaning that father involvement was influenced by a larger system that was interconnected with wider society as well as the couple relationship.
Objetos en acción. Estudio sobre instituciones, consumo y cultura material en el neopentecostalismo argentino
Authors: Algranti Joaquín
Published: March 2018

El objetivo del artículo consiste en reconstruir trayectorias de consumo que definen distintas maneras de relacionarse con la cultura material de las megaiglesias evangélicas en Argentina. Para ello se proponen diferentes dimensiones de análisis de las tra- trayectorias en función de (a) los contextos rituales, (b) los objetos dominantes y (c) las emociones involucradas en su elección. El artículo se divide en tres partes. En la primera, se problematiza la epistemología del consumo, que propone la tesis de la desinstitucionalización religiosa. En la segunda y tercera partes, se exploran empíricamente itinerarios construidos en torno a los consumos musicales y literarios.
Diferenciación y desigualdad: el problema de la estratificación social en la obra de Georg Simmel
Authors: Lewkow Lionel Eduardo
Published: March 2018

A partir de una revisión minuciosa de la obra de Georg Simmel, me propongo intervenir en el debate que se suscitó en la sociología alemana en torno al supuesto desencuentro de dos líneas de investigación: la teoría de la diferenciación y la de la desigualdad. Mediante el examen de dos modalidades de diferenciación en los textos de Simmel —esto es, la diferenciación de roles y la autonomización de la economía monetaria—, se mostrará en qué puntos se conectan y dónde se separan los polos desigualdad-diferenciación. La hipótesis que me guía es que hay en Simmel una interpretación en clave cultural del problema de la estratificación social. En estas coordenadas se dará cuenta de la afinidad de la perspectiva del sociólogo berlinés con las teorías de la estratificación de Karl Marx y Pierre Bourdieu.
EDUCAÇÃO – UMA OBSERVAÇÃO PARA O FUTURO
Authors: Facchini Eduardo , Dias Eduardo Mario
Published: March 2018

A observação e o registro científico são competências e métodos centrais para compreender e decifrar a Ciência da Pedagogia. No entanto, as tecnologias, ferramentas, a muito utilizadas como apoio na arte de ensinar, por vezes roubam a cena. E o educador, sentisse ameaçado por elas. Este artigo, discute as impressões de um professor universitário, na docência, mais com certa experiência de vida. E fala das observações feitas, pelo autor, ao longo de um curso sobre docência no ensino superior. O objetivo é suscitar um debate sobre o tema das ferramentas de apoio ao ensino, e as novas tecnologias interativas.
A INFRAESTRUTURA NO TRANSPORTE FERROVIÁRIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Dos Santos Debora Brito , Lima Rosana Da Costa , Bassi Renata Elaine , Rodrigues Enio Fernandes , Maiellaro Valéria Rufino
Published: March 2018

O transporte ferroviário é o segundo modal mais utilizado no país, devido ao custo baixo de transporte de grandes volumes à longas distâncias. Apesar de que durante muito tempo não houve investimentos na ampliação, após a privatização houve uma retomada na manutenção e na ampliação das ferrovias, mas está longe de alcançar os índices de qualidade e desempenho internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi um estudo sobre a no transporte ferroviário do país, afim de levantar a estrutura da malha ferroviária brasileira. Para o desenvolvimento deste artigo, o método utilizado foram pesquisas bibliográficas em livros, artigo e sites. Apesar da malha ferroviária brasileira ser pouco mais de 12% da malha ferroviária dos Estados Unidos, após a privatização do setor, retomou-se o crescimento. A Bioceânica, ferrovia que irá ligar o Oceano Atlântico ao Oceano Pacífico, irá melhorar o escoamento da produção agrícola para o exterior
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA CÂMARA DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA ENVELHECIMENTO ACELERADO DE POLÍMEROS
Authors: Felisbino Carlos Henrique Duarte , Beingolea Garay Jorge Rodolfo , Bezerra Diego Silva , Pereira Gustavo Gomes , Faustino Rafael Quintino , Marcellos Lincoln
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o projeto, construção e testes de uma câmara de baixo custo para envelhecimento acelerado de polímeros, que atenda um ciclo de baixa e outro de alta radiação ultravioleta sobre os corpos de prova, de acordo com a norma ASTM G154. A metodologia baseou-se no levantamento das normas relacionadas aos ensaios de envelhecimento acelerado de polímeros e dos equipamentos já existentes, fornecendo os subsídios para o desenvolvimento do projeto, que foi validado pela construção e avaliação de seu desempenho. O controle da câmara é realizado por um sistema eletrônico baseado em Arduino e utiliza componentes disponíveis no mercado, que atendam as especificações do projeto. O equipamento atendeu aos requisitos previstos, tanto em relação às especificações, quanto ao baixo custo e integrará os laboratórios da Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), campus Villa-Lobos, para realização de ensaios de materiais poliméricos.
CHỦ QUAN TÍNH VÀ KHÁCH QUAN TÍNH TRONG HỆ THỐNG XƯNG HÔ VIỆT VÀ ANH
Authors: Quang Nguyen
Published: March 2018

Bài viết đưa ra các định nghĩa công cụ về chủ quan tính và khách quan tính, trình bày về các hình thức/cặp xưng hô trong ngôn ngữ xét theo hệ hình T-V. Trên cơ sở nguồn nguyên cấp và thứ cấp, bài viết đi sâu phân tích các biểu đạt của chủ quan tính-khách quan tính trong hệ thống xưng hô Việt và Anh.