bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jože Žohar, a Slovene migrant poet from Australia
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: August 2018

Jože Žohar migrated »dawn under« to Australia in 1968 and struggles to pacify inside him the two homelands, Slovenia and Australia. In his three published collections of verse in the Slovene language (1990, 1995, 2004) the poet remains torn between the two countries, between Eros and Thanatos, between a unique erotic experiencing of the homeland and the wish for physical and spiritual ending and closeness of death, which brings deliverance. The article tries to contextualize his recently published book ofverse Obiranje limon (2004) within recent theories of diasporic writing.
L' envers et lʹendroit de la poésie claudelienne
Authors: Turk Boštjan Marko
Published: August 2018

L'étude se propose comme objectif de répondre aux questions du substrat de la philosophie thomiste dans l'oeuvre poétique de Paul Claudel. En fait, l'influence de l' Aquinate sur Claudel est préponderante: elle concerne surtout l'instrumentalisation ontologique de sa poésie qui desormais se déroule sous le signe (linguistique) de l'être. Les instruments majeurs de la pensée scolastique (l'équivocité, l'univocité, l'analogie) sont à l'oeuvre dans la parole claudélienne la déterminant au plus profond, meme au point dont l'exégèse moderne ne pouvait pas s'en apercevoir.
Kulturkonflikte als Machtkonflikte am Beispiel spätmittelalterlicher Reiseberichte
Authors: Javor Briški Marija
Published: August 2018

Vor dem Hintergrund der Kreuzzüge, die im Laufe der Zeit sowohl bei den Christen als auch Muslimen immer mehr von weltlichen Faktoren beeinflusst wurden, soll anband von Hans Schilthergers Reisebuch und Bernhards von Breidenbach Bericht über die Fahrt ins Heilige Land untersucht werden, inwiefern die existentielle Bedrohtheit des Autors oder Erzählers die Darstellung des ,Anderen' beeinflusst, welche Rolle die Zweckgebundenheit des Textes in einer konkreten historischen Gebrauchsituation dabei spielt und welche Abbildungsstrategien bei der Vermittlung des ,Fremden' benutzt werden. Die in diesem Rahmen nur skizzenhafte Analyse des ,Anderen' oder ,Fremden' ist auf die Wahrnehmung und Darstellung der Muslime und des Islam fokussiert.
Indirect narration : a case study of Conrad's Heart of darkness and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby
Authors: Šavle Majda
Published: August 2018

Joseph Conrad's narrative style bas influenced many writers, including F. Scott Fitzgerald. The objective of my study on verbs used in discourse in Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby was to confirm  the speculation  that besides Conrad's innovative technique of indirect narration there were other techniques (such as careful selection of imagistic detail) Fitzgerald learned from Conrad.
Erinnerungskultur in Österreich : eine Annäherung anhand des Fallbeispiels Bertha von Suttner 2005
Authors: Lughofer Johann Georg
Published: August 2018

Ausgehend von der These, Erinnerung sei ein Sinn gebendes und politisch instrumentalisiertes Konstrukt der Gemeinschaft, lohnt es sich, die Erinnerung an Bertha von Suttner während des Österreichischen Jubiläumsjahres 2005 zu untersuchen. Dabei zeigt sich, inwieweit ihre wirkliche Arbeit und ihr wirklicher Kampf vergessen und inwieweit die Friedensaktivistin ungerechtfertigter Weise für eine nationale Geschichtsschreibung in Anspruch genommen worden ist.
Le tentazioni di un genere : sul fantastico nella narrativa di Tabucchi
Authors: Farinelli Patrizia
Published: August 2018

Nella rielaborazione di Tabucchi del genere fantastico, l'evento strano e inspiegabile non crea una sovrapposizione di due realtà inconciliabili, semmai richiama l'attenzione su una realtà già in partenza permeata di illogico e quindi inafferrabile. Anche l'esitazione del protagonista di fronte a tale evento appare ridotta e di conseguenza limitata la sua ricerca di spiegazioni razionali. La quete del personaggio tabucchiano non si indirizza ali' evento strano e inspiegabile, ma piuttosto al passato ìrrisolto che questo fa riaffiorare. In questo senso i criteri indicati da Todorov come basilari per i riconoscimento del genere non tengono più pienamente. Indubbio è tuttavia che, pur in presenza delle trasformazioni indicate, diverse strategie narrative del fantastico continuano ad essere utilizzate da Tabucchi per costruire una dimensione multipla, sia a livello di storia che di discorso. Proprio perché la scrittura postmodema fa delll' ambiguità momento centrale di riflessione, non può non essere tentata (e sedotta) dal fantastico.
The dispute between Jonathan Franzen and Oprah Winfrey
Authors: Bostič Nina
Published: August 2018

Following the publication of Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections in September 2001, the novel was selected by Oprah's Book Club. Afterwards,  Franzen commented  negatively on the club's  previ­ ous selections, upon which the invitation was withdrawn. The objective of this paper is to investigate the reasons behind Franzen's negative response, the proceeding  media fall-out and the effects of the Winfrey - Franzen dispute.
Comic strip as literature : Art Spiegelman's Maus in Slovenian
Authors: Petrič Jerneja
Published: August 2018

Until recently comic strips were predominantly categorized as either juvenile distraction or some odd adult enthusiasts' hobby. The genre experienced a minor revolution in the 1990s when on the one hand the mass visual media began to explore its rich potential whereas on the other hand the medium's ability to offer "tremendous resources to all writers and artists" (McCloud 212) came under scrntiny, prompting authors like Art Spiegelman to wage an experiment. His biographical Holocaust graphic novel MAUS l and II (1986, 1991) became a bestseller and Pulitzer Prize winner. The paper looks into its 2003 Slovenian edition from the point of view of the undividable entity of drawing and lettering within a panel. It also touches upon certain translation solutions - how closely they correspond to the source text in terms of syntax and transfer of information - but it is not a detailed contrastive analysis as such.
"Makin it right" through the poetry of Alf Taylor
Authors: Čerče Danica
Published: August 2018

Although Australian indigenous poetry is often overtly polemical and politically committed, any reading which analyses it as merely propaganda provides only a small window on it. By presenting the verse of Alf Taylor collected in Singer Songwriter (1992) and Winds (1994) and discussing it in the context of the wider social and cultural rnilieu of the author, my essay aims to show its thematic richness of indigenous poetic expression. Indigenous poets have, on the one hand, undertaken the re­ sponsibility to strive for social and political equality, as is generally believed, while on the other, they have produced powerful self-revelatory accounts of their own mental and emotional interior, which urges us to see their careers in a perspective much wider than that of social chroniclers and rebels.
Productions of Edward Albee's plays in Slovenia and the critics' response
Authors: Zalokar Polonca
Published: August 2018

The article focuses on Edward Albee's four plays belonging to the theatre of the absurd which have been performed in Slovene theatres so far. The author analyses Albee's The 'Zoo Story, which has been produced four times, his American Dream and A Delicate Balance, which have been performed only once, and Albee's most known work in Slovenia, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, which has been produced six times in Slovene theatres. The continuation of this article focuses on  each of Albees above mentioned four plays including their production details, directors, actors, the comparison of critics' opinions and an estimation of how SIovene audiences accepted them according to the number of spectators and critics' responses.
Prediction of wind drift and evaporation losses of a sprinkler irrigation system using principal component analysis and artificial neural network technique
Authors: Marey Samy A , El Marazky Mohamed SA , Aboukarima Abdulwahed M
Published: August 2018

Principal component analysis was merged with the artificial neural network (ANN) technique to predict wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) from a sprinkler irrigation system. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted to determine WDEL under different conditions. Data from field experiments and previous studies were used as sample data to train the ANN model. Three models were developed to predict WDEL. In the first model (ANN1), 9 neurons (riser height, main nozzle diameter, auxiliary nozzle diameter, discharge rate of the main nozzle, discharge rate of the auxiliary nozzle, operating pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity) were used as the input layer. In the second model (ANN2), 7 neurons (riser height, operating pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, diameter ratio and discharge ratio) were used as the input layer. The third model (ANN3) used a multivariate technique (PC1, PC2, and PC3). Results revealed that the ANN3 model had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.8349). The R2 values for the ANN1 and ANN2 models were 0.7792 and 0.4807, respectively. It can be concluded that the ANN3 model has the highest predictive capacity.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymer designed for the selective extraction of ketoprofen from wastewater
Authors: Madikizela Lawrence Mzukisi , Zunngu Silindile Senamile , Mlunguza Nomchenge Yamkelani , Tavengwa Nikita Tawanda , Mdluli Phumlane Selby , Chimuka Luke
Published: August 2018

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that is selective to ketoprofen was synthesized and applied in the adsorption of the target compound from water. The MIP was synthesized using a bulk polymerization method at high temperatures (60–80°C), where ketoprofen, 2-vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, toluene and 1,1´-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) were used as template, functional monomer, cross-linker, porogen and initiator, respectively. Non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized similarly to the MIP but in the absence of ketoprofen. From molecular dynamics simulation, the nature of interactions that occurred between the template and the functional monomer were found to be based on hydrogen bonding. This was confirmed experimentally, where a high extraction efficiency of ≥ 90% was obtained at acidic conditions (pH 5) due to the protonation of ketoprofen. A contact time of 45 min was sufficient for the maximum adsorption of ketoprofen from 10 mL spiked water using 8 mg of the adsorbent. MIP showed greater selectivity than NIP by achieving a relative selectivity coefficient of 7.7 towards ketoprofen in the presence of structurally related pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the order of sorption onto the MIPs from water was ketoprofen > fenoprofen > gemfibrozil. From a modelling perspective, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit, with maximum adsorption capacity of 8.24 mg·g−1 and sorption rate constant of 0.25 mg·g−1·min−1 for MIP. This was translated to chemisorption of ketoprofen onto the homogeneous MIP binding sites. This work demonstrated the great potential of MIP in selective recognition of ketoprofen from wastewater relative to closely related compounds.
Review: Challenges and opportunities for revitalising smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa
Authors: Fanadzo M , Ncube B
Published: August 2018

South Africa is classified as a water-scarce country, and depends on agriculture for food production. The irrigation sector is the largest consumer of water in the country, accounting for about 62% of water utilisation, but also losing 30–40%. Given the threat of drought and climate change, efficient irrigation systems have become a necessity, especially in the smallholder farming sector where most losses occur. Smallholder irrigation schemes (SIS) were developed to improve rural livelihoods through sustainable food production for food security and poverty alleviation, but these development objectives remain largely unfulfilled. The objectives of this review were to assess challenges facing SIS and explore opportunities for revitalising the schemes. The focus was on government policy and strategies to support smallholder farmers. A review of government policy showed that although the needs and interests of smallholder farmers are high on the national agenda, there is insufficient financial support to the sector, suggesting that smallholder agriculture is not really seen as a potential driver of the economy. The core focus of the government on repairing irrigation infrastructure while neglecting the soft components relating to capacity building has partly been blamed for the failure of SIS in South Africa. Capacity building is one of the missing links in smallholder irrigation development and many failures have been attributed to lack of adequately trained farmers and extension staff, particularly in irrigation water management. Land tenure insecurity has been singled out as a major institutional challenge leading to poor performance of irrigation schemes. The diversity of schemes means that different kinds of interventions are needed to respond to varying farmers’ needs, resources and agricultural contexts. These findings point to the need to balance the soft and hard components of the irrigation schemes for sustainability. It is therefore evident that the government needs to review its priorities in revitalisation of SIS. Land tenure policies allowing increased access to arable land need to be developed urgently, together with the promotion of alternative cropping systems that are suitable forthe smallholder farming sector.
Economic risks due to declining water quality in the Breede River catchment
Authors: Cullis James DS , Rossouw Nico , Du Toit Geoff , Petrie Daniel , Wolfaardt Gideon , De Clercq Willem , Horn Annabel
Published: August 2018

Water is a critical resource necessary to support social and economic development. Economic growth and, in particular, the growth of urban and peri-urban areas, however results in declining water quality which threatens water-dependent industries. In developing countries this is a particular concern due to the rapid rate of urbanisation and the limited financial resources and technical capabilities to adequately maintain and upgrade wastewater treatment works. This is particularly relevant in catchments with a high dependence on export-orientated agriculture. This study considered water quality risks in the Breede River catchment as an area which experiences significant urban and peri-urban growth, focusing on economic risks associated with declining water quality, estimates of the costs needed to rehabilitate existing wastewater treatment works, and alternative strategies such as the use of artificial wetlands, the rehabilitation and protection of natural wetlands, as well as the clearing of invasive alien plants. A major conclusion is that the financial risk associated with a declining economy and social instability outweighs the costs that will be needed for rehabilitation of existing treatment plants. Together with more pronounced fluctuations in precipitation anticipated with climate change, these risks due to declining water quality are likely to increase in future with continued urban and peri-urban growth.
A tool for determining maximum sustained swimming ability of selected inland fish species in an Afrotropic ecozone
Authors: Botha TL , Mahloko MP , Wepener V , Howatson G , Smit NJ
Published: August 2018

Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) predicts the maximum sustained swimming velocity that various fish species are able to sustain for prolonged periods. The objective of this study was to determine the Ucrit of Afrotropic ecozone fish, determine oxygen consumption at Ucrit and relate the resulting optimum flow requirements to effective movement through fishways under South African flow conditions. The selected fish species were Coptodon rendalli, Tilapia sparrmanii, Pseudocrenilabrus philander, Oreochromis mossambicus and Enteromius trimaculatus. Ucrit and oxygen consumption (MO2) were measured in a swim respirometer at 5-min intervals, at increasing velocity increments of 0.5 cm·s−1 until volitional exhaustion. No significant differences were seen in the Ucrit values between C. rendalli, T. sparrmanii and P. philander, but all species significantly differed from O. mossambicus and E. trimaculatus, which had the highest Ucrit (17.6 ± 1.5 bl·s−1 and 18.2 ± 2.8 bl·s−1). Size plays an important role in the swimming performance of fish, with larger fish able to sustain a greater velocity, which was specifically true for O. mossambicus in this study. Additionally, smaller fish consumed more oxygen during swimming and therefore used more energy, experiencing relative physiological strain. Based on these data, flow respirometry was shown to be a useful tool to determining prolonged swimming abilities of South African fish species, and can help inform the structure and flow rates of culverts and fishways.
Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China
Authors: Xu Wen , Liu Lei , Cheng Miaomiao , Zhao Yuanhong , Zhang Lin , Pan Yuepeng , Zhang Xiuming , Gu Baojing , Li Yi , Zhang Xiuying , Shen Jianlin , Lu Li , Luo Xiaosheng , Zhao Yu , Feng Zhaozhong , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L. , Zhang Fusuo , Liu Xuejun
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Five-year (2011–2015) measurements of gaseous NH3, NO2, and HNO3 and particulate NH4+ and NO3− in air and/or precipitation were conducted at 27 sites in the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) to better understand spatial and temporal (seasonal and annual) characteristics of reactive nitrogen (Nr) concentrations and deposition in eastern China. Our observations reveal annual average concentrations (16.4–32.6 µg N m−3), dry deposition fluxes (15.8–31.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and wet/bulk deposition fluxes (18.4–28.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1) based on land use, ranked as urban > rural > background sites. Annual concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of each Nr species in air were comparable at urban and background sites in northern and southern regions, but were significantly higher at northern rural sites. These results, together with good agreement between spatial distributions of NH3 and NO2 concentrations determined from ground measurements and satellite observations, demonstrate that atmospheric Nr pollution is heavier in the northern region than in the southern region. No significant inter-annual trends were found in the annual Nr dry and wet/bulk N deposition at almost all of the selected sites. A lack of significant changes in annual averages between the 2013–2015 and 2011–2012 periods for all land use types suggests that any effects of current emission controls are not yet apparent in Nr pollution and deposition in the region. Ambient concentrations of total Nr exhibited non-significant seasonal variation at all land use types, although significant seasonal variations were found for individual Nr species (e.g. NH3, NO2, and pNO3−) in most cases. In contrast, dry deposition of total Nr exhibited a consistent and significant seasonal variation at all land use types, with the highest fluxes in summer and the lowest in winter. Based on sensitivity tests by the GEOS-Chem model, we found that NH3 emissions from fertilizer use (including chemical and organic fertilizers) were the largest contributor (36 %) to total inorganic Nr deposition over eastern China. Our results not only improve the understanding of spatial–temporal variations of Nr concentrations and deposition in this pollution hotspot, but also provide useful information for policy-makers that mitigation of NH3 emissions should be a priority to tackle serious N deposition in eastern China.
Nitrate formation from heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide during a severe winter haze in southern China
Authors: Yun Hui , Wang Weihao , Wang Tao , Xia Men , Yu Chuan , Wang Zhe , Poon Steven C. N. , Yue Dingli , Zhou Yan
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Nitrate (NO3−) has become a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during hazy days in China. However, the role of the heterogeneous reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) in nitrate formation is not well constrained. In January 2017, a severe haze event occurred in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of southern China during which high levels of PM2.5 (~ 400 μg m−3) and O3 (~ 160 ppbv) were observed at a semi-rural site (Heshan) in the western PRD. Nitrate concentrations were up to 108 μg m−3 (1 h time resolution), and the contribution of nitrate to PM2.5 reached nearly 40 %. Concurrent increases in NO3− and ClNO2 (with a maximum value of 8.3 ppbv in 1 min time resolution) were observed in the first several hours after sunset, indicating an intense N2O5 heterogeneous uptake on aerosols. The formation potential of NO3− via N2O5 heterogeneous reactions was estimated to be 39.7 to 77.3 μg m−3 in the early hours (3 to 6 h) after sunset based on the measurement data, which could completely explain the measured increase in the NO3− concentration during the same time period. Daytime production of nitric acid from the gas-phase reaction of OH + NO2 was calculated with a chemical box model built using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.3.1) and constrained by the measurement data. The integrated nocturnal nitrate formed via N2O5 chemistry was comparable to or even higher than the nitric acid formed during the daytime. This study confirms that N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry was a significant source of aerosol nitrate during hazy days in southern China.
Monitoring aerosols over Europe: an assessment of the potential benefit of assimilating the VIS04 measurements from the future MTG/FCI geostationary imager
Authors: Descheemaecker Maxence , Plu Matthieu , Marécal Virginie , Claeyman Marine , Olivier Francis , Aoun Youva , Blanc Philippe , Wald Lucien , Guth Jonathan , Sič Bojan , Vidot Jérôme , Piacentini Andrea , Josse Béatrice
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The study assesses the possible benefit of assimilating Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the future spaceborne sensor FCI (Flexible Combined Imager) for air quality monitoring in Europe. An Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) was designed and applied over a 4-months period that includes a severe pollution episode. The study focuses on the FCI channel centred at 444 nm, which is the shortest wavelength of FCI. A Nature Run (NR) and four different Control Runs of the MOCAGE chemistry-transport model were designed and evaluated to guarantee the robustness of the OSSE results. The AOD synthetic observations from the NR were disturbed by errors that are typical of the FCI. The variance of the FCI AOD at 444 nm was deduced from a global sensitivity analysis that took into account the aerosol type, surface reflectance and different atmospheric optical properties. The experiments show a general benefit on all statistical indicators of the assimilation of the FCI AOD at 444 nm for aerosol concentrations at surface over Europe, and also a positive impact during the severe pollution event. The simulations with data assimilation reproduced spatial and temporal patterns of PM10 concentrations at surface better than without assimilation all along the simulations and especially during the pollution event. This work demonstrates the capability of data from the future FCI sensor to bring an added value to the MOCAGE aerosol simulations, and in general, to other chemistry transport models.
A new MesosphEO dataset of temperature profiles from 35 to 85 km using Rayleigh scattering at limb from GOMOS/ENVISAT daytime observations
Authors: Hauchecorne Alain , Blanot Laurent , Wing Robin , Keckhut Philippe , Khaykin Sergey , Bertaux Jean-Loup , Meftah Mustapha , Claud Chantal , Sofieva Viktoria
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Given that the scattering of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere above 30–35 km is primarily due to molecular Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of scattered photons can be assumed to be directly proportional to the atmospheric density. From the measured relative density profile it is possible to retrieve an absolute temperature profile by assuming local hydrostatic equilibrium, the perfect gas law, and an a priori temperature from a climatological model at the top of the atmosphere. This technique is applied to Rayleigh lidar observations for over 35 years. The GOMOS star occultation spectrometer included spectral channels to observe daytime limb scattered sunlight close to the star direction. GOMOS Rayleigh scattering profiles in the spectral range 420–480 nm have been used to retrieve temperature profiles in the altitude range 35–85 km with a 2-km vertical resolution. A database of more than 309,000 temperature profiles has been created. A global climatology was built and compared to GOMOS external model. In the upper stratosphere, where the external model is based on ECMWF analysis, the agreement is better than 2 K. In the mesosphere, where the external model follows MSIS climatology, 5 to 10 K differences are observed. Comparison with nighttime collocated Rayleigh lidar profiles above south of France shows some differences with a vertical structure that may be at least partially explained by the contribution of thermal diurnal tide. The temperature evolution obtained at Equator indicates the occurrence of mesospheric inversion layers in the temperature profile with global longitudinal extension, descending in about one month from 80 to 70 km. The climatology shows a semi-annual variation in the upper stratosphere, a stratopause altitude varying between 47 and 54 km and an annual variation in the mesosphere. The technique to derive temperature profiles from Rayleigh scattering at limb can be applied to any other limb-scatter sounder providing observation in the spectral range 350–500 nm. This is also a good candidate for a future small satellite constellation due to the simplicity of the principle.
Composition and Vertical Flux of Particulate Organic Matter to the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Central Baltic Sea: Impact of a sporadic North Sea inflow
Authors: Cisternas-Novoa Carolina , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C. , Engel Anja
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Sinking particles are the main form to transport photosynthetically fixed carbon from the euphotic zone to the ocean interior. Oxygen (O2) depletion may improve the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. However, how the lack of O2 mechanistically enhances particulate organic matter (POM) fluxes is not well understood. In the Baltic Sea, the Gotland Basin (GB) and the Landsort Deep (LD) exhibit permanent bottom-water hypoxia, this is on occasions alleviated by Major Baltic Inflow (MBI), such as the one that occurred in 2014/2015 which oxygenated the bottom waters of the GB (but not of the LD). Here, we investigate the distribution and fluxes of POM in the GB and the LD in June 2015 and how they were affected by the 2015 MBI. Fluxes and composition of sinking particles were different in the GB and the LD. In the GB, POC flux was 18 % lower at 40 m than at 180 m. Particulate nitrogen (PN) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) fluxes decreased with depth, and particulate organic phosphorous (POP), biogenic silicate (BSi), Chl a, and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) clearly peaked within the core of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), which coincided with a high flux of manganese oxide (MnOx)-like particles. Contrastingly, in the LD, POC, PN, and CSP fluxes decreased 28, 42 and 56 % respectively from 40 to 180 m. POP, BSi, and TEP fluxes, however, did not decrease with depth and only a slightly higher flux was measured at 110 m. MnOx-like particle flux was two orders of magnitude higher in the GB relative to the LD. MnOx-like particles formed after the inflow of oxygenated water into the deep GB may form aggregates with POM. Our results suggest, that when the deep waters of GB were oxygenated (2014/2015 North Sea inflow), not only transparent exopolymeric particles, as indicated previously, but also POC, POP, BSi, and Chl a may bind to MnOx-like particles. POM associated with MnOx-like particles may accumulate in the redoxcline, where they formed larger particles that eventually sank to the seafloor. We propose that this mechanism would alter the vertical distribution and the flux of POM, and it may contribute to the higher transfer efficiency of POC in the GB. This is consistent with the fact that the OM reaching the seafloor was fresher and less degraded in the GB than in the LD.
A database of water and heat observations over grassland in the north-east of Japan
Authors: Ma Wenchao , Asanuma Jun , Xu Jianqing , Onda Yuichi
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A highly valuable database of long-term hydro–meteorological measurements is presented, containing in situ observations for a period of 37 years from well-maintained grassland in the north-east of Japan. The observations include the shortwave radiation, net radiation, the air and dew point temperatures at three elevations, the soil temperature at four depths, the sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, wind speed, relative humidity, air pressure and precipitation. The heights of measurements are 1.6 m, 12.5 m and 29.5 m above ground, with the soil-layer observations at depths of −0.02 m, −0.1 m, −0.5 m and −1 m. This high-quality database includes the four temporal resolutions of 10 s, 0.5 h, 1 h and 24 h, with the hourly data presented here. The monthly and annual statistics are presented at the database web page of the Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics and Prediction of the University of Tsukuba, http://doi.org/10.24575/0001.198108 . We have validated the data quality by comparing with published data from the local meteorological agency in Tateno operated by the Japan Metrological Agency, including the average, maximum and minimum values of air temperature, shortwave radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, and precipitation. We have generated a daily downward longwave radiation time series with a method developed by Konto and Xu (1997) based on the observations from the database. This constructed time series agrees well with observations collected between 2002 to 2006, as evaluated based on the values of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (=0.947) and the percent bias (=1.486). For the whole database, annually averaged values give an obvious positive trend in the precipitation, air temperature, shortwave radiation, net radiation and sensible heat flux over the previous 37 years, with a negative trend detected for the wind speed, soil heat flux and soil temperature.
A Synthesis of Three Decades of Eco-Hydrological Research at
Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada
Authors: Quinton William , Berg Aaron , Braverman Michael , Carpino Olivia , Chasmer Laura , Connon Ryan , Craig James , Devoie Élise , Hayashi Masaki , Haynes Kristine , Olefeldt David , Pietroniro Alain , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Schincariol Robert , Sonnentag Oliver
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, has been the focus of eco-hydrological research for nearly three decades. Over this period, field and modelling studies have generated new insights into the thermal and physical mechanisms governing the flux and storage of water in the wetland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost that characterizes much of the Canadian and circum-polar subarctic. Research at Scotty Creek has coincided with a period of unprecedented climate warming, permafrost thaw, and resulting land cover transformations including the expansion of wetland areas and loss of forests. This paper synthesizes field and modelling studies at Scotty Creek, and highlights the key insights of these studies on the major water flux and storage processes operating within and between the major land cover types. This paper also provides insights into the rate and pattern of the permafrost thaw-induced land cover change, and how such changes will affect the hydrology and water resources of the study region.
Towards risk-based flood management in highly productive paddy rice cultivation – concept development and application to the Mekong Delta
Authors: Triet Nguyen Van Khanh , Dung Nguyen Viet , Merz Bruno , Apel Heiko
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, as e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the traditional event based hazard control shifted towards a risk management approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been performed yet. Therefor the present study was developed to provide the very first in-sight on delta scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation. The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood hydrographs, and a large scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology and harvest times based on a time-series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage functions. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for adaptive risk management plans, and as basis for a cost-benefit of the discussed land use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in Vietnam.
Global meta-analysis of the relationship between soil organic matter and crop yields
Authors: Oldfield Emily E. , Bradford Mark A. , Wood Stephen A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Resilient, productive soils are necessary to sustainably intensify agriculture to increase yields while minimizing environmental harm. To conserve and regenerate productive soils, the need to build and maintain soil organic matter (SOM) has received considerable attention. Although SOM is considered key to soil health, its relationship with yield is contested because of local-scale differences in soils, climate, and farming systems. There is a need to quantify this relationship to set a general framework for how soil management could potentially contribute to the goals of sustainable intensification. We developed a quantitative model exploring how SOM relates to crop yield potential of maize and wheat in light of co-varying factors of management, soil type, and climate. We found that yields of these two crops are on average greater with higher concentrations of SOC. However, yield increases level off at ~ 2 % SOC. Nevertheless, approximately two thirds of the world's cultivated maize and wheat lands currently have SOC contents of less than 2 %. Using this regression relationship developed from published empirical data, we then estimated how an increase in SOC concentrations up to regionally-specific targets could potentially help reduce reliance on nitrogen (N) fertilizer and help close global yield gaps. Potential N fertilizer reductions associated with increasing SOC amount to 7 % and 5 % of global N fertilizer inputs across maize and wheat fields, respectively. Potential yield increases of 10 ± 11 % (mean ± SD) for maize and 23 ± 37 % for wheat amount to 32 % of the projected yield gap for maize and 60 % of that for wheat. Our analysis provides a global-level prediction for relating SOC to crop yields. Further work employing similar approaches to regional and local data, coupled with experimental work to disentangle causative effects of SOC on yield and vice-versa, are needed to provide practical prescriptions to incentivize soil management for sustainable intensification.
Denominational Reception of Literary Modernity in Hungary Before 1920
Authors: Szénási Zoltán
Published: August 2018

Christian denominations generally viewed the social and ideological changes that occurred throughout the nineteenth century as crises and therefore perceived modern literature as a manifestation of decadence. Due to their diverse rootedness within Hungary’s social and political life, each denomination reacted distinctively to the phenomena of the modern. This paper describes the different reactions of the Catholic and Protestant Churches and examines their social background by analyzing the denominational and literary conditions of Hungary at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. Obviously, both the Catholic and Protestant Churches needed to modernize their social and cultural institutions in order to regain their former social bases: until 1920, however, this effort yielded no valuable results, primarily because their attempts to create a denominational version of modern literature was subordinated to the requirements of religious morality and thus was not capable of achieving artistic autonomy.
Libel or Not? The War of Words between Lajos Kossuth and New York Editor James Watson Webb
Authors: Nyirady Kenneth
Published: August 2018

Although three notable American editors opposed Lajos Kossuth before and during his visit to the United States in 1851-52, the most influential was arguably James Watson Webb, editor of the New York Courier and Enquirer (NYCE). Webb had been appointed by President Zachary Taylor to be Charge d’Affaires to Vienna in 1849 but had neglected to wait for confirmation by the Senate before traveling to Vienna. When the Senate rejected his appointment by an overwhelming vote, an embittered Webb was obliged to return to the United States. Although Webb had made many political enemies, the public reason given for his Senate rejection was that body intended to keep the post vacant as a “punishment” for Austria’s brutal suppression of the Hungarian rebels after their defeat in August 1849. Webb allegedly held Kossuth responsible for his rejected nomination, and upon returning to the United States and resuming the day-to-day operations of the NYCE, the paper's coverage of Hungary and Kossuth turned negative. During his visit to New York, Kossuth hinted that the Austrians might have bribed a certain New York editor to publish falsehoods about the Hungarian War of Independence. Webb took this hint as a personal attack and demanded an explanation from Kossuth, who never clearly explained which editor he was referring to.
Szapor, Judith, Hungarian Women’s Activism in the Wake of the First World War: From Rights to Revanche. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 207 pp. Illus.
Authors: Acsády Judit
Published: August 2018

Szapor, Judith, Hungarian Women’s Activism in the Wake of the First World War: From Rights to Revanche. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 207 pp. Illus.
Arany, Zsuzsanna. Kosztolányi Dezső élete [‘The Life of Dezső Kosztolányi’]. Budapest: Osiris, 2017. 692 pp. Illus.
Authors: Bollobás Enikő
Published: August 2018

Arany, Zsuzsanna. Kosztolányi Dezső élete [‘The Life of Dezső Kosztolányi’]. Budapest: Osiris, 2017. 692 pp. Illus.
Andaházy-Szeghy Viktor, Györgyi Kalavszky, et al. eds. 2015. Hadikrónika 1939-1945: kézzelfogható hadtörténelem ['War Chronicle 1939-1945: Tangible Military History']. Budapest: Zrinyi. 68 pp. + 2 DVDs + 79 reproduced documentary inserts.
Authors: Deák George
Published: August 2018

Andaházy-Szeghy Viktor, Györgyi Kalavszky, et al. eds. 2015. Hadikrónika 1939-1945: kézzelfogható hadtörténelem ['War Chronicle 1939-1945: Tangible Military History']. Budapest: Zrinyi. 68 pp. + 2 DVDs + 79 reproduced documentary inserts.
Formas do parentesco: grafismo e enunciação no Vale de Araotz (País Basco)
Authors: Fernández de las Heras Ion
Published: August 2018

Proponho refletir sobre o uso de imagens técnicas nos escritos antropológicos. Interessado em explorar disciplinarmente as possibilidades dos meios analógicos sugiro duas vias propositivas. A primeira tem a ver com a necessidade de analisar o uso que os antropólogos fazem das imagens, o que me coloca em diálogo com metodologias próximas ao trabalho de determinados historiadores da arte. Desse modo, tratarei de delimitar quatro perspectivas (em três subcapítulos) sobre a relação entre imagens técnicas e imagens artísticas e sobre a produção e análise das mesmas. A segunda via, dependente das conclusões da primeira, diz a respeito de uma antropologia capaz de pensar desde e através das imagens, isto é, capaz de produzi-las reflexivamente. Uma proposição como essa será problematizada a partir da afirmação de Evans-Pritchard de que a antropologia é uma arte.
“Politicagem”: conclusões a partir das diferenças entre as noções de “administrador” e “político”
Authors: Aguiar Monique Florencio de
Published: August 2018

Como eleitores constroem a imagem de candidatos a prefeito, baseados em reputações que lograram amplo reconhecimento? Apresentando um exemplo, respondo esta questão mediante a análise de significados expressos por eleitores quanto às noções de “político” e “administrador”. Investigando a construção desses perfis políticos, e a hierarquia de valor entre eles, desdobro a interpretação com o fim de alcançar a compreensão nativa sobre a “politicagem”. Conclusivamente, demonstro que “politicagem” significava “fazer política”, nos termos dos eleitores examinados, sem “administrar” bem o município. Se o ideal seria agregar as qualidades de “político” e “administrador”, a categoria “politicagem” marca a incompletude das pessoas políticas.
Um foco de energia: o Collège de Sociologie e a noção de sagrado (1937-1939)
Authors: Goyatá Julia Vilaça
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho pretende explicitar o contexto de formação e as principais propostas de uma experiência efêmera, mas não por isso menos significativa, ocorrida na França do entreguerras: o Collège de Sociologie. Fundado em 1937 para ser um grupo de estudos em torno de alguns temas de interesse comum entre seus organizadores – Georges Bataille (1897-1962), Michel Leiris (1901-1991) e Roger Caillois (1913-1987) – o grupo teve também o intuito de ser um lócus de ação política. A noção de sagrado, clássica na teoria antropológica francesa a partir de seu uso no trabalho de Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), Les formes eléméntaires de la vie religieuse (1912), ganha no Collège grande destaque: busca-se compreender essa idéia e, mais que isso, torná-la uma prática. Nesse sentido, há uma leitura renovada da noção mobilizada pela antropologia precedente: o sagrado é tanto objeto de estudo quanto perspectiva de análise que permite olhar para a sociedade contemporânea e, no limite, transformá-la.
Uma atuação ocultada: Joel Martins no Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (1956-1959) / A hidden role: Joel Martins at Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (Regional Center for Educational Research of São Paulo) (1956-1959
Authors: Mustapha Samir Ahmad dos Santos
Published: August 2018

Este texto pretende apresentar a atuação intelectual de Joel Martins, educador formado na Universidade de São Paulo, que, entre 1956 a 1959, foi diretor da Divisão de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais e, depois, da Divisão de Aperfeiçoamento do Magistério, no Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo a convite de Fernando de Azevedo, primeiro diretor da instituição. O artigo analisa pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre sua trajetória e detecta que esta experiência profissional não foi retratada nos estudos. Ao analisar o diálogo por meio de cartas que Joel Martins teve com Fernando de Azevedo, após sua saída da instituição, procurou-se compreender os motivos que levaram o intelectual ocultar essa atuação, considerando que esse cargo credenciou ao convite para trabalhar na Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO). * * *This paper aims to introduce the intellectual role of Joel Martins, educator trained at Universidade de São Paulo (University of São Paulo), who, between 1956 and  1959, was director of Divisão de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (Division of Educational Studies and Research), and later of Divisão de Aperfeiçoamento do Magistério (Division of Magisterium Improvement), at Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (Regional Center for Educational Research of São Paulo) invited by Fernando de Azevedo, who was the first director of the institution. This article analyzes research based on his trajectory and detects that this professional experience was not approached in the previous studies. When analyzing the dialogue through the letters that Joel Martins exchanged with Fernando de Azevedo after leaving the institution, it was possible to understand the reasons that caused the scholar to hide this role, considering that this position led to the invitation to work at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
A arte como ferramenta de educação popular na Reforma da Instrução Pública do Distrito Federal-RJ (1927-1930) / Art as a tool for popular education in the Reform of the Public Instruction of the Federal District-RJ (1927-1930)
Authors: Peres José Roberto Pereira
Published: August 2018

O objetivo central é analisar o papel do ensino artístico na Reforma da Instrução Pública do Distrito Federal, implementada por Fernando de Azevedo entre 1927 e 1930. A questão que norteou a pesquisa é: quais eram os valores e os saberes que essa área do conhecimento deveria influenciar na educação? A metodologia utilizada consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de fontes documentais. Os referenciais teóricos que embasam essa pesquisa constituem-se de autores do campo dos estudos da História da Educação e História do Ensino de Artes no Brasil. O estudo permitiu apontar conclusivamente que as atividades artísticas desenvolvidas na escola, seus ambientes, instalações e arquitetura deveriam se constituir como ferramentas pedagógicas com a finalidade de contribuir para a educação estética do povo.* * *The main objective is to analyze the role of arts education in Reform of Public Education of the Federal District, implemented by Fernando de Azevedo between 1927 and 1930. The question that guided the research is: what were the values and the knowledge that this area of Knowledge should influence on education? The methodology consists of literature and analysis of documentary sources. The theoretical framework underpinning this research are made up of authors in the field of studies of the History of Education and History of Art Education in Brazil. The study indicates conclusively that the artistic activities at school, their environment, facilities and architecture should be constituted as teaching tools in order to contribute to the aesthetic education of the people.