bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A literature review of methods for assessment of reproducibility in science
Authors: Nordling Torbjörn , Peralta Tomas Melo
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In response to the US Congress petition, the National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine investigated the status of reproducibility and replicability
in science. A piece of work is reproducible if the same results can be obtained while following
the methods under the same conditions and using the same data. Unavailable data,
missing code, and unclear or incomplete method descriptions are common reasons for failure
to reproduce results.
Objectives: The motivation behind this review is to investigate the current methods
for reproducibility assessment and analyze their strengths and weaknesses so that we can
determine where there is room for improvement.
Methods: We followed the PRISMA 2020 standard and conducted a literature review
to find the current methods to assess the reproducibility of scientific articles. We made
use of three databases for our search: Web of Science, Scopus, and Engineering Village.
Our criteria to find relevant articles was to look for methods, algorithms, or techniques
to evaluate, assess, or predict reproducibility in science. We discarded methods that were
specific to a single study, or that could not be adapted to scientific articles in general.
Results: We found ten articles describing methods to evaluate reproducibility, and
classified them as either a prediction market, a survey, a machine learning algorithm, or a
numerical method. A prediction market requires participants to bet on the reproducibility
of a study. The surveys are simple and straightforward, but their performance has not been
assessed rigorously. Two types of machine learning methods have been applied: handpicked
features and natural language processing.
Conclusion: While the machine learning methods are promising because they can be
scaled to reduce time and cost for researchers, none of the models reviewed achieved an
accuracy above 75%. Given the prominence of transformer models for state-of-the-art natural
language processing (NLP) tasks, we believe a transformer model can achieve better
accuracy.
Determining the changes in metabolites of Dendrobium officinale juice fermented with starter cultures containing Saccharomycopsis fibuligera FBKL2.8DCJS1 and Lactobacillus paracasei FBKL1.3028 through untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Liu Wanlin , Luo Xiaoye , Qiu Shuyi , Huang WU , Su Yanan , LI Linling
Published: November 2022

Background
The present study aimed to investigate the changes in volatile components and metabolites of Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) juice fermented with starter cultures containing Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Lactobacillus paracasei at 28 ℃ for 15 days and post-ripened at 4 ℃ for 30 days using untargeted metabolomics of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC-MS) before and after fermentation.
Results
The results showed that the alcohol contents in the S. fibuligera group before fermentation and after fermentation were 444.806 ± 10.310 µg/mL and 510.999 ± 38.431 µg/mL, respectively. While the alcohol content in the fermentation broth group inoculated with the co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera was 504.758 ± 77.914 µg/mL, with a significant increase in the contents of 3-Methyl-1-butanol, Linalool, Phenylethyl alcohol, and 2-Methyl-1-propanol. Moreover, the Ethyl L (-)-lactate content in the co-culture L. paracasei + S. fibuligera group (7.718 ± 6.668 µg/mL) was higher than those in the L. paracasei (2.798 ± 0.443 µg/mL) and S. fibuligera monoculture groups (0 µg/mL). The co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera significantly contributed to the metabolic production of ethyl L (-)-lactate in D. officinale juice. The total number of differential metabolites screened after fermentation mainly included alcohols, organic acids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and their derivatives. Of them, twenty-three metabolites were significantly up-regulated in the ten key metabolic pathways of the co-culture L. paracasei + S. fibuligera group, including 11 types of acids. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways, such as pentose and glucuronate interconversions, the biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide, and aminobenzoate degradation were significantly upregulated in this group. These three metabolic pathways facilitate the synthesis of bioactive substances, such as terpenoids, polyketides, and phenols, and enrich the flavor composition of D. officinale juice.
Conclusions
The study results demonstrated that the co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera could promote the flavor harmonization of fermented products, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the flavor of D. officinale juices and the functional investigation of fermentation metabolites.
Spontaneous Surgical Intracranial Haemorrhages Associated with SARS-Cov-2 infection: Case Report
Authors: Idowu Jeuel Ogooluwa , Idowu Olufemi Emmanuel , Adeniran Abimbola
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

To report spontaneous surgical acute and chronic intracranial haemorrhage in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection.

Case Presentation:

We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that was associated with spontaneous surgical acute and chronic intracranial haemorrhage. The two patients had successful surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

Surgical haemorrhages should be considered in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection especially if there is associated altered sensorium.
A Mechanistic Study of Analgesic and Anticancer Activity of unexplored plant Strobilanthes Kunthiana Phytocosntituents using Molecular Docking Studies.
Authors: Arya Girish Chandra , Jakhmola Vikash , Mehla Shefali , Bainsal Neeraj
Published: November 2022

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the pain associated with it is very intense. Plants are a significant source of medications, particularly anticancer and analgesic medicines. One significant plant, Strobilanthes Kunthiana, is well-known for its assortment of medical applications. As a result, additional studies were carried out using these two Phytocosntituents, lupeol and betulin, to examine their analgesic and anticancer characteristics using PDB IDs 2MUB and 4XI3. The examination on the basis of molecular docking and ADME profiles served as the foundation for this study.
Objective: Based on molecular docking investigations, to suggest a mechanism of Strobilanthes Kunthiana Phytocosntituents for anticancer and analgesic activity.
Method: Molecular docking studies of Phytoconstituents of Strobilanthes Kunthiana were performed using the PyRx Virtual Screening software.
Results:According to the results of molecular docking, numerous ingredients, such as lupeol and betulin exhibit higher dock scores better than standard medications against analgesic and anticancer targets.
Conclusion: Based on molecular docking studies. Various chemical constituents may act as effective inhibitors of various proteins 2MUB, 4XI3. This information can be used to design new anticancer medicines.
Influence stacking sequence and heat-treatments on the out-of-plane mechanical properties of 3D printed fiberglass-reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Hermosilla Rodolfo , Oñate Angelo , Castillo Rodrigo , Fuente Andres De la , Sepúlveda Joaquín , Escudero Benjamin , Vargas-Silva Gustavo , Melendrez Manuel , Medina Carlos
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing of composite materials is a promising technology. It could solve one of the most critical drawbacks of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced thermoplastics: their low out-of-plane mechanical properties. However, due to their novelty, the number of standards and research papers addressing the characterization of these materials is scarce, especially in the out-of-plane direction. Due to this factor, it is still unknown how most design and manufacturing parameters affect the out-of-plane properties of composite materials. As a solution, this paper proposes an experimental methodology to characterize out-of-plane printed composite materials. For this purpose, existing standards for traditionally fabricated composites are adapted, investigated, and validated for 3D-printed laminates reinforced with long fibers using the fused filament fabrication technique. Consequently, the methodology is employed to study the impact of stacking sequence and heat treatment conditions on the composites' out-of-plane mechanical properties. The main results showed that increasing the thickness between stacking layers increases the mechanical response due to reducing the number of fiber/matrix interfaces and, consequently, the reduction of porosity. Compared to the initial sample, a heat treatment at 175°C for 6 hours increased the interfacial strength by 101.09% and reduced the porosity in the fiber produced by the additive manufacturing process by 72%.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of elderly burns：A 15-year retrospective analysis of 2554 cases in Wuhan Institute of Burns
Authors: Wu Hong , Xi Maomao , Xie Weiguo
Published: November 2022

Background
With the increase of geriatric burns, it’s urgent to summarize its characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of burn in the elderly in a large center, and to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of geriatric burns.
Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at Wuhan Institute of Burns which is the largest burn center in central China between 2004 to 2018. Demographic and clinical data of the 60 years or above older burn inpatients were collected from medical records, analyzed and compared among groups.
Results
This study analyzed 2554 elderly burns, which included 50.9% in young geriatric group (60–69 years old), 32.9% in middle geriatric group (70–79 years old) and 16.2% in the oldest geriatric group (80 years old or above). The most common causes of elderly burns were flames (1081, 42.3%) and scalding (1041, 40.8%). Elderly burns with total body surface area (TBSA) of 0–9% accounted for 60.6% and the larger TBSA, the fewer number of patients. The majority of patients (70.5%) injured at home.The median of time interval from injury to admission was 7 hours and the oldest geriatric group (24 hours) was highest. One hundred and twenty-one cases (8.5%) were treated by cooling treatment, and 72.7% of these patients were treated less than 10 minutes. The median number of pre-injury diseases was one. Ninety patients (6.3%) had inhalation injury.The median length of stay (LOS) was 14 days.The median hospital cost was 10410 CNY or 2137 CNY per % TBSA, which was correlated with TBSA, LOS, surgery, inhalation injury, number of pre-injury diseases and etiology. The mortality rate was 3.0% and correlated with TBSA, inhalation injury, pulmonary disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusion
Geriatric burns was still common and even increasing in central China, with flame burns and scalds the most common causes, majority of whom injured at home and often had problems such as few cooling treatment, improper emergency management and delayed admission. TBSA, etiology, pre-injury diseases and inhalation injury were the risk factors of length of stay, hospital cost and treatment outcomes.
GRF-GIF chimeric proteins enhance in vitro regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiencies of lettuce (Lactuca spp.)
Authors: Bull Tawni Ann , Debernardi Juan , Reeves Megan , Hill Theresa , Bertier Lien , Deynze Allen Van , Michelmore Richard W
Published: November 2022

The ability of plants to regenerate in vitro has been exploited for use in tissue culture systems for plant propagation, plant transformation, and genome editing. The success of in vitro regeneration is often genotype dependent and continues to be a bottleneck for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and its deployment for improvement of some crop species. Manipulation of transcription factors that play key roles in plant development such as BABY BOOM, WUSCHEL, and GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) has improved regeneration and transformation efficiencies in several plant species. Here, we compare the efficacy of GRF-GIF gene fusions from multiple species to boost regeneration efficiency and shooting frequency in four genotypes of wild and cultivated lettuce (Lactuca spp. L.). In addition, we show that GRF-GIFs with mutated miRNA 396 binding sites increase regeneration efficiency and shooting frequency when compared to controls. We also present a co-transformation strategy for increased transformation efficiency and recovery of transgenic plants harboring a gene of interest. This strategy will enhance the recovery of transgenic plants of other lettuce genotypes and likely other crops in the Compositae family.
Transnational online education in biochemistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Binzhou Medical University：Challenges, strategies and outcome
Authors: Ahiafor Maxwell , Li Yanni , Zhang Xiaodan , Ren Qun
Published: November 2022

Background
Due to the global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, schools were forced to shift teaching from face-face to online. During this period, a large number of studies on how to better carry out online teaching emerged. However, these studies were basically conducted with domestic students as teaching objects. The research on transnational online education conducted by overseas students is very limited.This case study aims to share the author's research and practical experience on transnational online teaching after the outbreak of the pandemic, and how to choose the appropriate teaching platform to ensure the quality of online teaching. I hope it can give some inspiration to others, and provide a reliable methodology for transnational online teaching.
Methods
We first conducted a questionnaire survey on the obstacles of transnational online learning of 64 international students from our school who were staying abroad. Then, we analyzed the reasons for these obstacles and timely changed the teaching platform and compared the results of the biochemistry exam conducted for 2018 spring class with those of 2018 fall class and the 2019 fall class, so as to verify the superiority of the DingTalk as a transnational online education platform.
Results
The results of the questionnaire showed that the main difficulties of overseas students in transnational online learning are poor network conditions and time difference. Because the teaching platform was separated from the interactive Q&A platform, resulting in poor interaction between teachers and students. By using DingTalk as an online teaching platform, the previous difficulties were overcome. In the spring class of 2018, the results of online study students' biochemistry were significantly lower than those of students in face-face study(t-test, p = 0.01). However, after the switch to the DingTalk platform, online students’ results in the 2018 fall Class(t-test, p = 0.35) and the 2019 fall-Class(t-test, p = 0.7) were equivalent to the academic performance of face-face students.
Conclusion
Through our exploration and application of Dingtalk software in transnational online education, we successfully solved the dilemma of overseas students' online learning, and also provided a feasible method for us to guarantee the efficacy of online teaching.
Genetic diversity of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain
Authors: Liu Nannan , Wang Qi , Sun Zhiyu , Li Jieluan , Dong Yimeng , Li Fenglin , Niu Qingsheng
Published: November 2022

Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain is the only eastern honey bee ecotype in this area that is well-adapted to the local agricultural and ecological environment and is the representative of Apis cerana in Northeast China. We analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic characteristics of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain using five microsatellite markers, a mitochondrial marker of a tRNAleu-CO Ⅱ fragment, and 21 morphological markers. Our results showed that the genetic diversity of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain was better than that found in previous studies. There were 11 haplotypes, among which Haplotype Changbai Mountain 1 was the major haplotype. The JL-YB individuals were large, no genetic differentiation was found in Apis cerana of Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province, and the LN population was significantly different from the JL and HL populations. Based on the genetic diversity of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain, we also suggested some strategies for the protection and utilization of the genetic resources of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain.
Patterns of Work-Related Stress and Their Predictors Among Emergency Department Nurses and Emergency Medical Services Staff in a Time of Crisis: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Charzyńska Edyta , Soola Aghil Habibi , Mozaffari Naser , Mirzaei Alireza
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Many studies have shown that a disease outbreak causes high stress among healthcare workers. However, there is a scarcity of data on various patterns of work-related stress during such a critical situation in this group. The main purpose of the study was to identify latent profiles of healthcare workers with similar combinations of levels of various work-related stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine their predictors.
Methods
A paper-and-pencil survey was conducted among 297 ED nurses and 219 EMS staff members working in educational and medical centers in Ardabil province, Iran. Data were collected using the Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool for measuring work-related stress. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to analyze the data.
Results
Five work-related stress profiles were identified: “high stress with a good understanding of one’s job role” (11.1%), “moderate stress” (41.9%), “relatively high stress with average demands and a very low understanding of one’s job role” (23.8%), “low stress” (18.0%), and “generally low stress but with very high job demands and relational conflicts” (5.2%). Age, marital status, service location, workplace, and the number of overtime hours significantly predicted profile membership.
Conclusion
The results of the study suggest the importance of incorporating various sources of stress and using LPA to analyze them when studying the work-related stress of healthcare workers during disease outbreaks. A deeper and more complex understanding of particular patterns of work-related stressors in ED nurses and EMS staff may help prevent the specific area of work-related problems. Moreover, identifying sociodemographic and work-related predictors of profile membership may be useful for preparing interventions better suited to healthcare workers’ needs.
Correlation of Opium Usage with Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Sugar, based on Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study Data
Authors: Deris Kimia , Farjam Mojtaba , Zareei Saeideh , Alkamel Abdolhakim , Kazemi Maryam
Published: November 2022

purpose
There is a belief that opium consumption has a protective effect on hypertension and diabetes as two important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate blood sugar and pressure between opium users and non-users.
Methods
This cross-sectional study is based on a FASA PERSIAN cohort study. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar were compared between opium users and non-users. A linear regression model was also used to adjust confounding factors’ effects. Data analysis is performed using version of 22spss software. Mean and standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage, Independent t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA test, and linear regression model were used to analyze the data. The significance level was 0.05.
Results
In this study, 7428 adult people participated. The mean age of participants was 46.5 years. 27.05% of participants were opium users. The mean diastolic blood pressure was 73.18 mmHg in non-opium users; however, it was 70.95 mmHg in opium users(P = 0.000). The mean systolic blood pressure was 105.20 mmHg in opium users, but it was 107.78mmhg in non-users(P = 0.000). The mean Fasting Blood sugar was 86.75 and 85.88 mg/dl in non-opium users and users, respectively(P = 0.019).
Conclusion
In the presence of confounders such as age, sex, smoking, BMI, physical activity, and calorie intake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower in opium consumers, but fasting blood sugar was higher in opium users. Considering the many side effects of these substances, the usage of opium is not recommended at all.
Worry for cancer in association with gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms in patients endoscopically treated for Barrett’s neoplasia. A cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Loon Mirjam van der Ende-van , Nijhuis RAB Oude , Curvers WL , Schoon EJ
Published: November 2022

Background
Endoscopic treatment has become the preferred treatment for (early) neoplasia in a Barrett Esophagus (BE). The diagnoses and treatment of this pre-malignant condition may trigger cancer worry. Reflux symptoms are known as an important factor for negative illness perception on BE. The aim of this study was to assess worry for cancer and reflux symptoms in patients endoscopically treated for a BE (DBE) compared to non-dysplastic BE (NDBE) patients and to patients with reflux symptoms only.
Methods
We performed a cross sectional self-administered questionnaire study using the cancer worry scale, and reflux disease questionnaire.
Results
From October 2019 until July 2021, 192 DBE patients, 213 NDBE patients and 111 refractory reflux symptom patients were included, 76.8% of participants were male and aged 66.9 years. High cancer worry was reported in 40.6% of the DBE patients and 36.2% of NDBE patient. Reflux patients scored significant worse with 56.6% stated high cancer worry. Positive correlations were found between reflux symptoms and cancer worry in NDBE patients (R=.326; p=<.000 N 213) and reflux patients (R=.233; p= .019 N=11)1. In DBE patients correlations were found on higher cancer worry and younger age (R=.-190; p=.009 N 187) and a (family) history of diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma (R= .192; p=0.08 N187).
Conclusions
BE patients reported low cancer worry and good reflux symptom control. Still a significant group of DBE patients reported high cancer worry. Physicians should communicate about the actual cancer risk, which leads to greater patient understanding and may therefore positively affects health outcomes.
Fabrication of dialysis membrane from cotton Giza 86 cellulose di-acetate prepared using Ac2O and NiCl2 as new catalyst
Authors: Ragab Safaa , Sikaily Amany El , Nemr Ahmed El
Published: November 2022

This attempt has been made to synthesis the cellulose di-acetate in solvent-free acetylation system of cotton Giza 86 cellulose with Ac2O (200 and 300 ml) in the presence of NiCl2.6HO (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) as an effectively available and new catalyst by the conventional reflux and microwave irradiation methods. This study, also illustrates the preparation of dialysis membrane which made from a cellulose di-acetate–dichloromethane- methanol-polyethylene glycol (MW: 200) casting solution. The microwave irradiation method for synthesis of cellulose di-acetate showed excellent yields and short reaction time, which is the important feature of this method. The impact of the two methods on the cellulose di-acetate formation and its used in the dialysis membrane formulations was studied. The experimental degree of substitution of the prepared cellulose di-acetate values (DS = 2.00-2.7) showed an agreement with the calculated values by FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis methods. The formation of cellulose di-acetate with percentage yields varied from 62.85 to 89.85%. The applicability of the prepared membrane in dialysis operation was evaluated in terms of urea clearance, rejection of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and flux of pure water. Characterization of cellulose di-acetate was achieved through 1H-NMR, FTIR, TGA, and BET analyses. The CA-PEG blend membrane was examined by contact angle measurement, porosity, and water uptake of membrane. The cellulose acetate membrane surface morphology was determined using SEM. It is observable that, the fabricated CA-PEG blend membrane from synthesized cellulose di-acetate by using Nickel chloride as a catalyst is showing remarkably rejection of BSA and urea clearance up to 100 and 67.2%, respectively. Definitely, the present work is promising and also, applicable in dialysis membrane.
Clinical Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Arising from Non-lipid-rich Plaque determined by NIRS-IVUS
Authors: Terada Kosei , Wakana Noriyuki , Kubo Takashi , Ino Yasushi , Khalifa Amir Kh. M. , Fujita Suwako , Takahata Masahiro , Shiono Yasutsugu , Madder Ryan D. , Kameyama Takeyoshi
Published: November 2022

Aims. Pathological studies have suggested that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be caused by plaque erosion with small or no evidence of a lipid-core. This study sought to compare the clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between AMI showing maximum lipid-core burden index in 4 mm (maxLCBI4mm) <400 and ≥400 in the infarct-related lesions assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS).
Methods and results. We investigated 426 AMI patients who underwent NIRS-IVUS in the infarct-related lesions before PCI. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as the composite of cardiac death, non-fatal MI, clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), clinically driven non-TLR, and congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization. 107 (25%) patients had infarct-related lesions of maxLCBI4mm<400, and 319 (75%) patients had those of maxLCBI4mm≥400. The maxLCBI4mm<400 group had a younger median age at onset (68years [IQR: 57–78years] vs. 73years [IQR: 64–80years], P=0.007), less frequent multi-vessel disease (39% vs. 51%, P=0.029), less frequent TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 before PCI (62% vs. 75%, P=0.007), and less frequent no-reflow immediately after PCI (5% vs. 11%, P=0.039). During a median follow-up period of 31 months [IQR: 19–48 months], the frequency of MACE was significantly lower in the maxLCBI4mm<400 group compared with the maxLCBI4mm≥400 group (4.7% vs. 17.2%, P=0.001). MaxLCBI4mm<400 was an independent predictor of absence of MACE at multivariable analysis (hazard ratio: 0.30 [confidence interval: 0.11-0.82], P=0.018).
Conclusion. MaxLCBI4mm<400 measured by NIRS in the infract-related lesions before PCI was associated with better long-term clinical outcomes in AMI patients.
CyberSecurity for Autonomous Vehicles Against Malware Attacks in Smart-Cities
Authors: Aurangzeb Sana , Aleem Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Taimoor , Anwar Haris , Siddique Muhammad Shaoor
Published: November 2022

Smart autonomous vehicles (AVs) are networks of cyber physical systems (CPS) in which they wirelessly communicate with other CPS sub-systems (e.g., smart -vehicles and smart-devices) to efficiently and securely plan safe travel. Due to unreliable wireless communication among them, such vehicles are an easy target of malware attacks that may compromise vehicles’ autonomy, increase inter-vehicle communication latency, and drain vehicles’ power. Such compromises may result in traffic congestion, threaten the safety of passengers, and can result in financial loss. Therefore, real-time detection of such attacks is key to the safe smart transportation and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Current approaches either employ static analysis or dynamic analysis techniques to detect such attacks. However, these approaches may not detect malware in real-time because of zero-day attacks and huge computational resources. Therefore, we introduce a hybrid approach that combines the strength of both analyses to efficiently detect malware for the privacy of smart-cities.
Flow Characteristics of River Channels under Different Types of Ice Cover
Authors: Chengguang Li , Zhiwei Li , Xuequn Chen , Junfeng Liu
Published: November 2022

A RSM numerical model together with a laboratory measurement with Micro ADV were adopted to investigate flow through a straight rectangular flume under four conditions: no ice cover, continuous ice cover, discontinuous ice cover and inshore ice cover. Under the combined action of ice cover roughness and bed roughness, the flow structure is complex. The water depth with ice sheet conditions is generally larger than that without ice cover. The presence of ice cover makes the vertical profile no longer satisfies the classical logarithmic distribution. The stream-wise velocity increases gradually from the bottom of the riverbed and reaches its maximum at a point between the ice sheet and the riverbed, which is called the inflection point. After passing the inflection point of flow velocity, the flow velocity gradually decreases, eventually decreasing to 0 at the ice sheet. There is a large velocity gradient at the interface between the ice cover and the current. Comparison between the numerical prediction and laboratory measurement shows that the RSM model can well predict the flow structure of ice cover. Furthermore, the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate are analyzed based on the RSM prediction. The increasing of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate at the interface between ice cover and water surface indicates that ice cover causes more intense internal mixing and energy dissipation of water flow.
Preliminary assessment of the degree of food addiction through the Spanish Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (S-YFAS-C) in a pilot pediatric population.
Authors: Brito Nestor Benitez , González Himar Pacheco , Robayna Berta Pinto , Redondo Fran Moreno , Romero Carlos Díaz , Fariña Yolanda Ramallo
Published: November 2022

Introduction.
The Spanish Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (S-YFAS-C) scale is the first tool adapted to Spanish to evaluate food addiction (FA) in the paediatric population. The aim of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the degree of FA in a non-clinical pilot paediatric population.
Material and methods.
A transversal observational study was performed on a convenience sample comprised of boys and girls aged 9 to 12 (4th to 6th year primary school). The main outcome measures were evaluation of FA (S-YFAS-C scale), child feeding attitudes (ChEAT scale) and evaluation of body image (CDRS scale). Moreover, sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the main characteristics of subjects and outcome measures was performed.
Results.
A total of 21 boys and 24 girls were preliminarily evaluated and the minimum and maximum values obtained were for age (9.48 – 12.33), weight in kilograms (26.6 – 64.5), height in centimetres (131-163), BMI (14.2-27.9) and BMI Z-score (-1.36 – 2.66). The average number of FA symptoms measured with the S-YFAS-C scale is 1.67±1.45 (range 0 - 7). A total of 20% of the sample shows three or more symptoms for FA, risk of developing a food disorder and distortion of the body image. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed between desired body image in boys and girls (P=0.001).
Conclusions.
The S-YFAS-C scale enables evaluating food addiction in Spanish-speaking boys and girls. The data obtained in regard to quantifying symptoms are similar compared to the original scale (S-YFAS-C: 1.67±1.45 vs. YFAS-C: 2±1.81). The option to score the counting of symptoms is the most sensitive measure to evaluate subclinical food behaviours.
Community of Inquiry, Self-Efficacy, and Student Attitudes in Sustained Remote Health Professions Learning Environments
Authors: Burbage Amanda K. , Jia Yuane , Hoang Thuha
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Community of Inquiry (CoI) presence types and self-efficacy on perceived student attitudes within a sustained remote learning environment. As institutions must remain ready for modality-altering situations, a better understanding of CoI and self-efficacy in sustained remote teaching and learning environments may help address gaps in current practices and perceived student attitudes. An interinstitutional team of health professions education researchers from six U.S. universities collected survey data from 205 health professions students representing a wide range of professions in five U.S. institutions. Latent mediation models under structural equation modeling framework were used to examine whether student self-efficacy mediates the relationship between CoI presence and student’s favorability of sustained remote learning delivered in the prolonged stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that higher levels of teaching presence and social presence in the remote learning environment were associated with higher levels of remote learning self-efficacy which, in turn, predicts variance in positive attitudes toward remote learning. Only direct effects for cognitive presence and self-efficacy on the favorability of sustained remote learning were observed. CoI presence types explained 61%, 64%, and 88% of the variance respectively in student’s favorability of sustained remote learning. Theoretical implications of this study include the establishment of the CoI and its three presence types as a relevant and stable framework for investigating sustained remote health professions teaching and learning environments, not only carefully designed online learning environments.
Assessment on solubility and solid phase chemical fractionation of manganese in hot infusions of green and roasted mate
Authors: Leoncio Mariana Silva , Garcia Edivaldo Egea
Published: November 2022

A solid phase chemical fractionation (SPCF) of the Mn in hot infusions prepared from commercial samples of roasted (RM) and green mate (GM) using a chelating resin Chelex 100 (NH4+ form) was performed to assess the relative lability of this essential trace element (ETE). In addition, total Mn contents in the RM and GM samples and their infusions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Furthermore, total polyphenol (TP) contents and the presencde of soluble melanoidins (SM) were correlated with the Mn solubility in the RM and GM infusions. From the SPCF study, it was possible to observe that the soluble Mn forms in the mate infusions were essentially associated to relatively noninert chemical species (98.4-99.7%), suggesting that they may be potentially bioavailable. In addition, the soluble Mn contents in the GM infusions were 20.5% higher than those found in the RM. Furthermore, Mn solubility in the (RM) infusions was highly and directly correlated (r = 0.99) with the soluble TP, while in the GM infusions it was high and inversely correlated with soluble TP (r = -0.87). On the other hand, Mn solubility in the RM and GM infusions were weakly correlated with the SM. It should be stressed GM infusions can contribute with 56.7% and 44.4% more than the RM infusions to the recommended adequate intake of Mn established for females and males, respectively. Moreover, this work is the first to evaluate and compare the relative lability of Mn and its solubility in the RM and GM infusions.
Integrated modeling to implicate evolving neoantigen-T cell interplays and immunotherapy efficacy in tumors
Authors: Ruihan Ruihan , Chyr Jacqueline , Wen Jianguo , Wang Yanfei , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo
Published: November 2022

Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment modalities; however, predicting clinical response accurately and reliably remains challenging. Neoantigen load is considered as a fundamental genetic determinant of therapeutic response. However, only a few predicted neoantigens are highly immunogenetic, with little focus on intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in the neoantigen landscape and its link with different features in the tumor microenvironment. To address this issue, we comprehensively characterized neoantigens arising from nonsynonymous mutations and gene fusions in lung cancer and melanoma. We developed a composite NEO2IS to characterize interplays between cancer and CD8 + T-cell populations. NEO2IS improved prediction accuracy of patient responses to immune-checkpoint blockades (ICBs). We found that TCR repertoire diversity was consistent with the neoantigen heterogeneity under evolutionary selections. Our defined neoantigen ITH score (NEOITHS) reflected infiltration degree of CD8 + T lymphocytes with different differentiation states and manifested the impact of negative selection pressure on CD8 + T-cell lineage heterogeneity or tumor ecosystem plasticity. We classified tumors into distinct immune subtypes and examined how neoantigen-T cells interactions affected disease progression and treatment response. Overall, our integrated framework helps profile neoantigen patterns that elicit T-cell immunoreactivity, enhance the understanding of evolving tumor-immune interplays and improve prediction of ICBs efficacy.
Postoperative fever is associated with infections in elderly patients aged 80 years or older after femoral intertrochanteric fracture surgeries
Authors: Leng Junsheng , Chang Xiao , Bai Qiushi , Fan Yu , Zou Xiongfei , Zhang Baozhong
Published: November 2022

Background
Postoperative fever (POF) following orthopedic surgeries was generally secondary to inflammatory responses and most diagnostic tests were unnecessary according to previous reports. To our knowledge, there has been no literature discussing POF in elderly patients after femoral intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of POF and the association between POF and infections in patients aged 80 years or older after ITF surgeries.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 128 patients aged 80 years or older after ITF surgeries. A postoperative body temperature ≥ 38ºC was defined as POF. Diagnostic tests conducted for POF were reviewed. Univariate analysis was used to compare the variables. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factor of infections.
Results
32 (25%) patients developed POF. Positive results were identified in 48.9% (22/45) of diagnostic tests. The positive rates of diagnostic tests were as follows: sputum cultures, 77.8% (7/9); urine cultures, 75% (3/4); urinalyses, 58.3% (7/12); chest radiographs, 36.4% (4/11); blood culture, 11.1% (1/9). The infection rate of the febrile patients was significantly higher than the afebrile patients (40.6% versus 17.7%, p = 0.008). After adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, POF was independently associated with infections (odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–8.1). In the febrile patients, the infection rate of patients who developed POF at postoperative day (POD) 2 or later was significantly higher than patients who developed POF within POD 1 (75.0% versus 29.2%, p = 0.022).
Conclusions
POF in patients aged 80 years or older following ITF surgeries was associated with postoperative infections. Diagnostic tests for respiratory and urinary systems were recommended for POF. POF occurred at POD 2 or later suggested increased infection risk in the febrile patients.
Nonclinical In Vitro Safety Assesment Summary of Hemp Derived (R/S)-Hexahydrocannabinol ((R/S)-HHC)
Authors: Collins Arianna C. , Tesfatsion Tesfay T. , Ramirez Giovanni A. , Ray Kyle P. , Cruces Westley
Published: November 2022

In pursuit of a more detailed understanding of the naturally rare occurring cannabinoid analogue, Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), safety becomes a question when possible human consumption is introduced. We explore the safety profile of HHC, using a third-party lab to produce preclinical in vitro safety profile data on the cyto-toxicity of cardiomyocytes through hERG, hepatocytes, and lung fibroblasts. hERG1 (The human Ether Related Gene) is a gene that codes for a protein known as Kv11.1, the alpha subunit of a potassium ion channel. This ion channel (simply denoted as “hERG”) is best known for its contribution to the electrical activity of the heart: the hERG channel mediates the repolarizing current in the cardiac action potential, which helps coordinate the heart's beating. Preceding studies of HHC, neglect the base scaffold structure of HHC2, and test on synthetic derivatives, and various analogs. The purpose of these studies is to demonstrate HHC as a safe cannabinoid for potential human consumption. The preclinical assessments of HHC did not indicate any cardiac safety issues via data from a hERG3 fast patch assay. HHC also demonstrated no cytotoxicity in the plated human liver hepatocyte cell viability assay. HHC, according to in vitro data produced potential cytotoxic effects in human lung fibroblasts when exceeding 10 mM concentrations, when reviewing the data, safe possible human consumption is feasible without complications.
Compound Dihuang Granule Changes Gut Microbiota of MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice via Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling
Authors: He Zhu-qing , Huan Peng-fei , Wang Li , He Jian-cheng
Published: November 2022

Intestinal flora was connected to Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathology. The ancient Chinese medication for PD is Compound Dihuang Granule (CDG), and we found a neuroprotective function in treating the constipation of PD patients. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action still needs to be clarified. We predicted the probable targets of CDG against PD through Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) network pharmacology and verified the analysis through animal experiments in vivo. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis screened PD-related genes, including TLR4, TBK1, NF-KB (NF-KB p65), and TNF(TNF-α). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses proved that the NF-κB and toll-like receptor signaling pathways serve a key function in CDG therapy of PD. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that CDG strongly connected to TLR4/NF-κB. Experiments findings indicated that CDG improved the damage of DA neurons and gut microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated motor impairments, and suppressed the PD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in mice induced by MPTP. CDG suppressed the inflammatory proteins in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier. Overall, CDG improved gut microbial in PD by blocking the pathway of TLR4/NF-κB.
Genome-Wide characterization and expression in analysis of PRR gene family in Glycine max and Glycine soja
Authors: Wenli Wang , Xueyan Qian , Hongmei Qiu , Guangxun Qi , Yingnan Wang , Lingchao Dong , Xiaodong Liu , Yumin Wang , Hongkun Zhao , Cuiping Yuan , Ziye Song , Jiayue Liu , Meizhu Zheng , Yingshan Dong , Yuqiu Li
Published: November 2022

Background
The genes in the PRR family are key components of the transcription-translation circadian network in plants, and comprise the core genes in the central oscillator translation feedback loop of Arabidopsis sp. They play important roles in several physiological processes and environmental adaptation. However, there is little information regarding the PRR genes of soybean, which is an important food crop. A genome-wide study of the PRR genes of soybean was performed herein using the available complete genome sequences of Glycine max and Glycine soja.
Results
In total, 12 PRR genes of G. max (GmPRR) and 14 PRR genes of G. soja (GsPRR) were identified and labelled according to their chromosomal location. The sequence length, relative molecular weight, and subcellular localization of the encoded proteins were predicted, and fundamental information was obtained for the genes. GmPRR and GsPRR were further categorized into three main groups based on their phylogenetic characteristics. The gene structures and characteristics of protein motifs were similar in the same subfamily. Conserved domain analyses of the proteins revealed that the integrity of the conserved domains differed among proteins from different subfamilies. GmPRR genes were absent on chromosomes 11 and 12, contrary to GsPRR genes. The results indicated that fragment replication events played an important role in the amplification of GmPRR and GsPRR genes. Intergenomic collinearity analysis of G. max, G. soja, and A. sp. revealed that the PRR genes of soybean and A. sp. were highly homologous. Analysis of transcriptome data revealed that the expression patterns of GmPRR genes differed at different times. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses determined the relative transcript abundances of the different GmPRR and GsPRR varied across the studied plant materials.
Conclusions
In this study, 12 PRR genes of G. max (GmPRR) and 14 PRR genes of G. soja (GsPRR) were identified, and the structure, evolution, and expression patterns of the encoded proteins were investigated. The results of systematic analysis provides a basis for the subsequent identification of the functions of PRR genes, and the preliminary data can be used for analyzing the specific functions of the PRR genes of soybean.
A large intra-abdominal desmoid tumor in a young male: A case report
Authors: Kim Sung Jung , Han Jung Woo , Han Yoon Dae
Published: November 2022

Desmoid tumor is a mesenchymal originating fibroblastic proliferation, with no metastasizing potential but is locally aggressive. Although recent consensus merge into observation and active surveillance for desmoid tumor, symptomatic tumors, tumors with persistent growth, and intra-abdominal or abdominal wall desmoid tumors may need prompt surgical treatment. Here we report a patient with 38cm-sized intra-abdominal desmoid tumor who were successfully treated with surgical resection due to nonresponsiveness of chemotherapy and progression of symptoms. The patient is recurrence-free for two years, and further follow up is expected. Surgical treatment still resides as an optimal treatment modality for large intra-abdominal desmoid tumors.
Acceptability of mandatory vaccination against influenza, measles, pertussis and varicella by workers in healthcare facilities: a national cross-sectional study, France, 2019.
Authors: Vaux Sophie , Fonteneau Laure , Pefau Muriel , Venier Anne-Gaëlle , Gautier Arnaud , Altrach Sophan Soing , Parneix Pierre , Levy-Bruhl Daniel
Published: November 2022

Background:
Vaccination of healthcare workers (HCW) aims to protect them and to reduce transmission to susceptible patients. Influenza, measles, pertussis, and varicella vaccinations are recommended but not mandatory for HCW in France. Insufficient vaccine coverage for these diseases in HCW has raised the question of introducing mandatory vaccination. We conducted a survey to estimate acceptability of mandatory vaccination for these four vaccines by HCW working in healthcare facilities (HCF) in France, and to identify associated determinants.
Methods:
In 2019, we performed a cross-sectional survey of physicians, nurses, midwives and nursing assistants working in HCF in France using a randomised stratified three-stage sampling design (HCF type, ward category, HCW category). Data were collected in face-to-face interviews using a tablet computer. We investigated the possible determinants of acceptability of mandatory vaccination using univariate and multivariate Poisson regressions, and estimated prevalence ratios (PR).
Results:
A total of 8594 HCW in 167 HCF were included. For measles, pertussis, and varicella, self-reported acceptability of mandatory vaccination (very or quite favourable) was 73.1% [CI95%: 70.9–75.1], 72.1% [69.8–74.3], and 57.5% [54.5–57.7], respectively. Acceptability varied according to i) HCW and ward category for these three vaccinations, ii) age group for measles and pertussis, and iii) sex for varicella. For mandatory influenza vaccination, acceptability was lower (42.7% [40.6–44.9]), and varied greatly between HCW categories (from 77.2% for physicians to 32.0% for nursing assistants).
Conclusion:
HCW acceptability of mandatory vaccination was high for measles, pertussis and varicella but not as high for influenza. Vaccination for COVID-19 is mandatory for HCW in France. Replication of this study after the end of the COVID-19 crisis would help assess whether the pandemic had an impact on their acceptability of mandatory vaccination, in particular for influenza.