bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Awareness of Space Science: Rasch Model Analysis for Validity and Reliability
Authors: Rosli Roslinda , Abdullah Mardina , Siregar Nur Choiro , Abdul Hamid Nurul Shazana , Abdullah Sabirin , Beng Gan Kok , Halim Lilia , Daud Noridawaty Mat , Bahari Siti Aminah , Majid Rosadah Abd , Bais Badariah
Published: July 2020

Validity and reliability are crucial when conducting research to ensure the truthfulness of an instrument. This study investigated the measurement functioning of an instrument on students' awareness of space science. The instrument was administered to 206 secondary school students involved in the Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance π outreach program. Two experts evaluated the content validity of the instrument. Data were analyzed using the Winsteps 3.71.0.1 software to obtain the Rasch model analysis (RMA) on item reliability and persons' separation, item measure, item fit based on PTMEA CORR, polarity items, misfit items, unidimensionality, and a person-item map. The findings revealed that the items are valid, reliable, and appropriate to measure awareness of space science.
Effect of Diagnostic Testing on Students’ Achievement in Secondary School Quantitative Economics
Authors: Esomonu Nkechi Patricia-Mary , Eleje Lydia Ijeoma
Published: July 2020

This study aimed at investigating the effect of diagnostic testing on students’ academic achievement in secondary school quantitative economics. In conducting the study, 3 research questions and 3 stated hypotheses were answered. The study is quasi-experimental employing 2x4 factorial pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 210 Senior Secondary 3 (SS3) economics students in the four co-educational schools purposely selected from Nnewi Education Zone of Anambra State in Nigeria. They were allocated to 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. Students’ responses to two instruments titled Diagnostic Quantitative Economics Skill Test (DQEST) and Test of Achievement in Quantitative Economics (TAQE) constituted relevant data for the study. Instruments for data analysis were t-test and ANCOVA. Results of the analysis indicate a significant effect of treatment on students’ achievement in favor of DQEST with feedback and remediation group only (F (3, 209) = 22.3114, p > 0.05). Gender made no significant difference on students’ achievement in TAQE. Thus, diagnostic tests are effective when used with feedback and remediation. The use of DQEST with feedback and remediation in teaching and learning of quantitative economics is therefore recommended.
Teacher Competency on Learner Promotion in Embu County Integrated Public Primary Schools, Kenya
Authors: Muthanje Kamwitha A. , Wafula Khatete I. , Rasugu Riechi A.
Published: July 2020

Investing in ECDE is one of the challenging cost-effective commitments that a government can undertake. Investing in quality ECDE can improve a child’s well-being and minimize educational and poverty gap. Teacher competence is an important tool towards the realization of holistic development of children. It is with this background that the researcher sought to study teacher competence on Learners’ promotion in Embu County integrated public primary schools, Kenya. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design across a target population of 381 public primary schools, 381 head teachers, 3951 primary teachers and 380 ECD teachers in the five sub-counties. Stratified random sampling was used to select schools from the five sub-counties; simple random sampling was used to select public primary teachers and head teachers in five sub- counties. Questionnaires were utilized as the instruments of the study. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the results, the study found that most (73%) of the primary teachers are unable to handle ECD pupils transiting to primary section since they could not understand the content taught and teachers have inadequate experience for teaching ECDE class. The study also found that most (50%) of the head teachers do not avail curriculum support materials. The study recommends that the teacher training colleges should incorporate courses that equip teachers with skills to handle pupils transiting from ECD classes to primary section. The schools also should provide books to a pupil book ratio of 1:1 so as to execute the new competent based curriculum.
MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Nawrotek Jarosław
Published: July 2020

Defence industry may be defined as a system of factories and organisations developing, manufacturing and selling military equipment, weapons and ammunition. In the case of the Russian Federation the terminology of “defence industry” and “military industry” is often used as an equivalent to the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC). The Military-Industrial Complex is a segment of the state industry involved in manufacture of the military equipment and performance of research-development projects in the defence sector. Typical feature of the Military-Industrial Complex is that the state is always its customer. Level of development for the Russian MIC plays a crucial role for maintaining the safety of the state and beside the supplies for the army it is responsible in a great degree for technical equipment of main segments of economy (medicine, transport, education, fuelenergetic complex, etc.). The governing board of the MIC in-cludes 18 persons led by the President of Russian Federation - Vladimir Putin.
Erinnerungsgesetze in der sog. „Volksrepublik Donezk“
Authors: Kasharska Olga
Published: July 2020

Memory Laws in the so-called „Donetsk People’s Republic“ The unanswered questions of the historical succession and the founding myth are essential for the so-called “Donetsk People's Republic” (DNR): the DNR encounters problems with regard to legitimacy and its permanent necessity to prove its legitimacy to both the people and the international community. The alternative models of memory are built on the basis of the collective mythologies, with own heroes and ideas of the own mission. Nonetheless, the myth of the Great Patriotic War continues to play a consolidating role, reconciling the heterogeneous elements of the Cossacks, the Christian faith and the miners’ cult. These aspects are expressed in certain legal provisions that form the basis and the object of the research.
Kulturpessimismus
Authors: Grau Alexander
Published: July 2020

Der Kulturpessimismus tot. Denn im kulturpessimistischen Denken sammelt sich so ziemlich alles, was der moderne, progressive Zeitgenosse verachtet: elitärer Dünkel, antidemokratische Affekte, Liberalismusfeindlichkeit und Kulturkonservatismus. Zudem gelten Kulturpessimisten als schlechtgelaunte Spielverderber. In einer Gesellschaft jedoch, in der der Glaube an die permanente Innovation und die Sinnfindung im Dauerevent zur Leitideologie gehören, ist eine solche Haltung denkbar unpopulär. Der traditionelle Kulturpessimismus des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts arbeitete fast immer mit einem normativen und essentialistischen Kulturbegriff. Als Anzeichen für kulturelle Niedergang galt ihm die Abweichung vom jeweiligen Ideal. Der vorliegende Essay versucht den Kulturpessimismus zu rehabilitieren, indem er von einem strukturalistischen Kulturbegriff ausgeht. Demnach ist Kultur ein normierendes Symbolsystem. Solche normierenden Symbolsysteme verlieren in heterogenen Gesellschaften jedoch ihre Standardisierungsfunktion. Die Gesellschaft wird heterogen und mündet in einen postkulturellen Zustand. In diesem wird unterschiedslos alles als Kultur umarmt wird, was sich als solche ausgibt. Kulturkritik verkommt zur totalen Affirmation. Lediglich ein umfassender Kulturpessimismus ist noch in der Lage, diese Idiologie von Fortschitt, Innovation, Offenheit und Flexibilität kritisch zu hinterfragen und so das Projekt Aufklärung vor sich selbst zu retten.
Früher war das Wetter auch schon früher besser
Authors: Petersen Thomas
Published: July 2020

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie weit kulturpessimistische Tendenzen in der deutschen Bevölkerung verbreitet sind und welche Ursachen kulturpessimistisches Denken haben könnte. Auf der Grundlage von Trenddaten aus dem Archiv des Instituts für Demoskopie Allensbach wird den Fragen nachgegangen, ob sich Belege für die in der Literatur seit Jahrhunderten immer wieder behauptete Neigung der Deutschen zu Selbstzweifeln und pessimistischem Denken finden lassen, ob sich Konjunkturen, gleichsam Modewellen des Kulturpessimismus feststellen lassen, oder ob umgekehrt kulturpessimistische Haltungen über alle gesellschaftlichen Strömungen und Modelwellen hinweg Bestand haben. Schließlich wird noch der Frage nachgegangen, ob soziodemographische Veränderungen in der Gesellschaft den Hang zum Kulturpessimismus befördern. Tatsächlich lassen sich in den Umfragen Hinweise auf alle diese möglichen Ursachen des Kulturpessimismus finden.
Kulturpessimismus als Provokation. Wilhelm Röpkes Ringen mit der Moderne
Authors: Kolev Stefan , Goldschmidt Nils
Published: July 2020

Wilhelm Röpke ist einer der prägenden liberalen Denker des 20. Jahrhunderts und gehört zu den wesentlichen Protagonisten der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft in Deutschland. Gleichwohl ist sein Erbe nicht unumstritten: Fraglos war er ein kompromissloser Verfechter einer freien, offenen und menschenwürdigen Gesellschaft, zugleich sind aber insbesondere seine späten Schriften von einem tiefen Kulturpessimismus und einem Ringen mit der Moderne geprägt, die in der jüngeren sozialwissenschaftlichen Debatte kritisch diskutiert und mit Blick auf das neoliberale Projekt insgesamt skeptisch kommentiert wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert Röpkes Kulturverständnis im Lichte seines Gesamtwerks und erläutert die Gründe für seine pessimistische Weltsicht sowie seine provokativen Positionen in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Röpkes entwicklungspolitischen Überlegungen und seine nicht gerade schmeichelhafte Rechtfertigung der Apartheid in Südafrika. Auch wenn Röpkes »dunkle Seite« wenig sympathisch ist, kann sein trüber Kulturpessimismus durchaus eine fruchtbare Provokation für die heutige Debatte um Globalisierung und Digitalisierung sein.
Die „Methode Barnier“ – Lehren aus der Verhandlungsführung der EU beim Brexit
Authors: von Ondarza Nicolai
Published: July 2020

The Brexit negotiations constituted unchartered political and institutional territory for the European Union (EU). This analysis shows how a new institutional approach enabled the EU-27 to present an unusually united front. The “Barnier method” is characterised by five elements: a strong political mandate from the European Council, a single EU negotiator based in the European Commission in the person of Michel Barnier, very close coordination with the Member States and the European Parliament, and a high degree of transparency. Lessons can also be drawn from this for the next phase of the Brexit negotiations and the EU’s relations with other third countries.
Die Beleidigung im Internet – Der Regierungsentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung des Rechtsextremismus und der Hasskriminalität
Authors: Reinbacher Tobias
Published: July 2020

Der Regierungsentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung des Rechtsextremismus und der Hasskriminalität vom 19. Februar 2020 sieht u.a. für § 185 StGB einen Qualifikationstatbestand vor, wenn die Beleidigung öffentlich, in einer Versammlung oder durch Verbreitung von Schriften begangen wird, wobei er insbesondere die Tatbegehung im Internet in sog. sozialen Medien im Blick hat. Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf diesen Teil der anvisierten Reform und ordnet ihn in die bisherige Rechtslage zur Beleidigung im Internet ein. Der Bedarf für eine Qualifikation ist hierbei durchaus nicht ohne weiteres ausgemacht. Inhaltlich ist insbesondere die Tathandlung der Verbreitung von Schriften kritisch zu sehen. Der Tatbestand sollte jedenfalls nicht so ausgelegt werden, dass nun auch die Verbreitung fremder Äußerungen eine Täterschaft begründet. Zudem vermag das Abstellen auf den Begriff der „Schriften“ im Internetzeitalter nicht zu überzeugen.
«Große Ereignisse werfen ihre Schatten voraus». Strategien der Filmwerbung und Filmvermarktung
Authors: Hübel Anke J.
Published: July 2020

Welche Strategien, Instrumentarien und Inszenierungstechniken setzt die Filmwerbung und -vermarktung ein, um den Ereignischarakter von Kinofilmen zu generieren? Welche Rolle spielen dabei die Choreografie und Dramaturgie der Filmkommunikation? Welchen Part übernehmen die Medien? Diesen Fragen geht die Autorin nach und bietet mit der Aufdeckung der zum Einsatz kommenden Strategien und Inszenierungstechniken auch tiefere Einblicke in das Kinofilmbusiness.
The Influence of Organizational Culture on Resilience by Mediatory Effects of Occupational Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout in Nurses: Structural Equation ModelingModeling
Authors: Aghaei Habib Allah , Asadi Zahra sadat
Published: July 2020

Background: Organizational culture is the most essential tool of an organization to increase the resilience of personnel in a healthcare system. Promoting organizational culture is an effective factor in increasing job satisfaction and reducing psychological burden, and burnout in nurses. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of organizational culture on resilience by mediatory effects of occupational stress, job satisfaction, and burnout in nurses using structural equation modeling. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 712 nurses working in seven hospitals in Tehran during the 2018 - 2019. The participants were selected by thee stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation. In detail, after determining the number of samples of each hospital, sampling was performed using a random number sequence. The data gathering was performed by using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the SPSS, version 23.0, and LISREL, version 8.8. Results: We found a significant positive correlation between organizational culture and job satisfaction (r = 0.29) and resilience (r = 0.21) (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between organizational culture and occupational stress (r = -0.22), and burnout (r= -0.14) (P < 0.05). The goodness of fit index (GFI) for organizational culture, occupational stress, job satisfaction, burnout, and resilience was 0.97, 0.97, 0.98, 0.96, and 0.95, respectively. RMSEA index for organizational culture, job satisfaction, burnout, and resilience was 0.069, 0.093, 0.057, and 0.050, respectively, which showed that the model is appropriately fit. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that promoting organizational culture and reducing occupational stress and burnout can improve job satisfaction and mental health in nurses.
Numbers, Empiricism and the A Priori
Authors: Ramírez Calle Olga ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2020

The present paper deals with the ontological status of numbers and considers Frege´s proposal in Grundlagen upon the background of the Post-Kantian semantic turn in analytical philosophy. Through a more systematic study of his philosophical premises, it comes to unearth a first level paradox that would unset earlier still than it was exposed by Russell. It then studies an alternative path that, departing from Frege’s initial premises, drives to a conception of numbers as synthetic a priori in a more Kantian sense. On this basis, it tentatively explores a possible derivation of basic logical rules on their behalf, suggesting a more rudimentary basis to inferential thinking, which supports reconsidering the difference between logical thinking and AI. Finally, it reflects upon the contributions of this approach to the problem of the a priori.
Knowledge, Certainty, and Factivity
Authors: Hoops Jeffrey ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2020

In recent discussions in this journal, Moti Mizrahi defends the claim that knowledge equals epistemic certainty. Howard Sankey finds Mizrahi’s argument to be problematic, since, as he reads it, this would entail that justification must guarantee truth. In this article, I suggest that an account of the normativity of justification is able to bridge the gap between Mizrahi’s proposal and Sankey’s objections.
More than Recognition
Authors: Brooks Thom ,   Hegel Society of America
Published: July 2020

Hegel’s project of reconciliation is central to his Philosophy of Right. This article argues that scholars have understood this project in one of two ways, as a form of rational reconciliation or a kind of endorsement. Each is incomplete and their inability to capture the kind of reconciliation Hegel has in mind is made apparent when we consider the kind of problem that the rabble creates for modern society, which reconciliation is meant to address. The article concludes that more than mutual recognition is required and we should recognise the crucial role played by stakeholding, whereby citizens share a principled conviction about oneself and others.
Mathematics Makes Robots Roll
Authors: Dunbar Kyle M. , Rich Kathryn M.
Published: July 2020

Codable robots can be used in mathematics class to help middle school students realize a purpose for what they have been learning.
Then: My Observations of Movements in the Field of Mathematics
Authors: Greenes Carole E.
Published: July 2020

After reviewing the positive and negative impacts of past frameworks, new curricula, instructional methods, and assessment strategies, the author makes recommendations for the next mathematics education movement.
Learning by Doing? Partners Audit Experience and the Quality of Audit Services
Authors: García-Blandon Josep , Argilés-Bosch Josep María , Ravenda Diego
Published: July 2020

A pesar de la evidencia que sugiere que el conocimiento especializado debería resultar más relevante que el genérico para explicar diferentes niveles de calidad de auditoría asociados a los auditores individuales, ningún estudio hasta la fecha ha abordado el posible impacto diferencial de la experiencia genérica y específica en la calidad de los servicios de auditoría. Nuestro estudio investiga esta cuestión en el mercado de auditoría español. Aproximamos la calidad de la auditoría a partir de los ajustes de devengo discrecionales y la opinión del informe de auditoría; diferenciando entre experiencia específica con el propio cliente, experiencia sectorial y experiencia de auditoría genérica. Como se esperaba, los resultados muestran una mayor calidad de auditoría cuando el cliente es auditado por un socio con mayor experiencia en el sector de actividad del cliente. También observamos que ni la experiencia específica con el propio cliente, ni la experiencia genérica de auditoría del socio auditor son determinantes significativos de la calidad de los servicios de auditoría. Por otro lado, mientras que algunos estudios previos señalan que el conocimiento especializado resulta más relevante que el genérico para explicar la calidad de los servicios de auditoría, este trabajo sugiere que el conocimiento especializado es, de hecho, el único tipo de conocimiento que resulta relevante. Estos resultados pueden tener implicaciones interesantes para las firmas de auditoría.

Despite evidence suggesting that specialised knowledge should be more relevant than generic knowledge to explain different levels of audit quality across individual auditors, no study to date has addressed the respective impacts of the industry-specific and the generic audit experience of audit partners on the quality of audit services. Our study investigates this issue in the Spanish audit market. We proxy audit quality by discretionary accruals and by the opinion of the audit report, and differentiate among client-specific experience, industry-specific experience and generic audit experience of individual auditors. As expected, our results show significantly higher audit quality when the client is audited by a partner with stronger industry-specific audit experience. Furthermore, we observe that neither client-specific experience nor generic audit experience of audit partners are significant determinants of the quality of audit services provided by these auditors. These results may have some interesting implications for audit firms. Therefore, whereas some prior studies on the related issue of industry specialization point out that specialised knowledge is more relevant than generic knowledge to explain the quality of audit services, our findings suggest that specialised knowledge is, in fact, the only type of knowledge that seems to matter.
¿Cómo ha evolucionado la presión fiscal de la empresa española en la última década? Remedios normativos frente a la planificación fiscal
Authors: Monterrey Mayoral Juan , Sanchez Segura Amparo
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo hemos analizado la evolución de la presión fiscal soportada por la empresa española en la última década (2008-2017). Con base en una muestra de 31.966 observaciones empresas-años y empleando medidas empíricas de tributación efectiva inmunes al efecto de la variación del tipo impositivo estatutario operada a partir de 2015, dejamos constancia de una significativa aproximación gradual de los tipos reales a los nominales, convergencia que es especialmente apreciable en el segmento de las grandes empresas, a pesar de desplegar estrategias de planificación fiscal más eficientes que las de menor tamaño. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que tales estrategias se han visto claramente neutralizadas y dominadas con éxito por las medidas tributarias adoptadas en estos años, tendentes a diferir la deducibilidad fiscal de determinados gastos y pérdidas y a acelerar la recaudación. En definitiva, la evidencia aquí documentada, que se mantiene ante diferentes extensiones y pruebas empíricas complementarias, no se compadece con la extendida creencia acerca de la baja tributación de las empresas españolas, señaladamente las de gran dimensión.

In this paper the evolution of the tax burden supported by Spanish companies in the last decade (2008-2017) has been analysed. Based on a sample of 31,966 company-year observations and using empirical measures of effective taxation that are immune to the effect of the variation in the statutory tax rate operated from 2015 onwards, we record a significant gradual approximation of the real rates to the nominal rates, a convergence that is particularly noticeable in the large company segment, despite deploying more efficient tax planning strategies than those of a smaller size. Our findings reveal that such strategies have been clearly neutralized and successfully dominated by the tax measures adopted in these years, aimed at deferring the tax deductibility of certain expenses and losses and accelerating tax collection. To sum up, the evidence documented in this paper, which is supported by various extensions and complementary empirical evidence, does not match the widespread belief about the low taxation of Spanish companies, particularly those of a large size.
Vestirse para la guerra. Realidad y ficción en las imágenes de La conquista de Túnez
Authors: Zalama Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2020

En mayo de 1535 Carlos V pasó revista a las tropas que había reunido para ir contra Barbarroja, convertido en almirante de la armada turca, que se había instalado en Túnez. Para la expedición el emperador se hizo acompañar de cronistas y del pintor Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen, con la intención de dejar constancia de la gesta. Mas también le preocupó la imagen que proyectaban sus huestes, a las que quiso presentar magníficamente vestidas en la revista de las tropas que se hizo en Barcelona, y la provisión de tiendas de campaña. Y es que a la guerra no solo se iba con armas.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IN 3D PRINTING: STATE OF THE ART
Authors: ADARGOMA SUAREZ GARCIA LUIS , ESPINOSA ESCUDERO MARIA DEL MAR , DOMINGUEZ SOMONTE MANUEL
Published: July 2020

This paper assesses existing tools for the use of sustainability concepts in the industrial design field, specially focusing on the needs of developinspecific tools for the sustainable design in Additive Manufacturing. A first reflexion about eco-design is shown, following with a deep study of eco-design methodologies and ending with a comparative assessment of different existing tools and their possibilities of use in the design of parts for 3D printing.

The literature shows the great interest in this issue, as there are different studies comparing the environmental impact of some parts obtained by additive manufacturing compared to those produced by conventional technologies, although it has detected a lack in references establishing general considerations for designing more sustainable products by additive manufacturing, as part of the design process itself.

Keywords: Eco-design, sustainability, additive manufacturing, 3D printing, life cycle analysis.
Fred i Østasien
Authors: Tønnesson Stein
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kinesiske investorer ignorerer Danmark
Authors: Marcussen Martin
Published: July 2020

Martin Marcussen ser på Kinas investeringer i udlandet og konkluderer, at gode politiske relationer som fx de dansk-kinesiske ikke nødvendigvis skaber flere investeringer; kineserne inveserer dér, hvor de kan hente en gevinst!
Japansk politik står i vejen for en klarere japansk profil
Authors: Christensen Asger Røjle
Published: July 2020

Asger Røjle Christensen skriver om Japan, der ønsker at spille en regional hovedrolle, men hæmmes af den isolation fra det øvrige Østasien, Japan har levet med siden Anden Verdenskrig.
USA’s alliancesystem under forandring
Authors: Møller Jørgen Ørstrøm
Published: July 2020

Jørgen Ørstrøm Møller vurderer konsekvenserne af USA’s ændrede position fra nettoimportør til nettoeksportør af energi, herun- der forholdet til USA’s traditionelle alliancepartnere – og til Kina.
Afrikanske langtids- præsidenter under pres
Authors: Hansen Holger Bernt
Published: July 2020

Holger Bernt Hansen ser på et fænomen, der er udbredt i Afrika: langtidspræsidenterne.
Trump Country
Authors: Rynning Sten , Roederer-Rynning Christilla
Published: July 2020

Baggrundssektionen indledes med Sten Rynnings og Christilla Roederer-Rynnings status over præsident Donald Trumps første tid i Det Hvide Hus.
Bliver Trump enden på den internationale klimaindsats?
Authors: Nielsen Johan Møller
Published: July 2020

Baggrundssektionen afsluttes med de tre vinderbidrag fra årets artikelkonkurrence, der udskrives i samarbejde med Udenrigs- ministeriet, og som i år havde temaet ‘Internationale statslige organisationer i den ny verdensorden’.
Kina som investeringsmagt
Authors: Ørstrøm Møller Jørgen
Published: July 2020

Jørgen Ørstrøm Møller undersøger, om planerne bag Kinas investeringspolitik begrænser sig til økonomiske forhold, eller om de tillige har politiske formål.
Egyptens kontrarevolution
Authors: Boserup Rasmus Alenius
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Krisen om Qatar og regional sikkerhed
Authors: Erslev Andersen Lars
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Anvendt historie: Fra München- til Vietnam-syndromet
Authors: Bjerre-Poulsen Niels
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Anmeldelse: Den forandrede verden
Authors: Davidsen Leif
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Ruslands tragedie: Et folk der længes efter forandring, og et styre der kæmper imod
Authors: Shevtsova Lilia
Published: July 2020

Lilia Shevtsova redegør for nogle af myterne om Rusland og forklarer, hvordan de og Ruslands personbårne lederskab blokerer for udvikling.
Ruslands økonomi under sanktioner
Authors: Orlova Natalia
Published: July 2020

Udenrigs har interviewet forskningschef ved den russiske Alfa-Bank om betydningen af Vestens sanktioner for russisk økonomi.
Hvilket europæisk land har siden 1998 haft størst vækst?
Authors: Rose Flemming , Liborius Søren
Published: July 2020

Flemming Rose og Søren Liborius diskuterer den russiske økonomis aktuelle tilstand.
Hvad er der galt med Frankrig?
Authors: Boisen Jørn
Published: July 2020

Jørn Boisen analyserer i en stor artikel baggrunden for de politiske begivenheder, der udspiller sig i Frankrig – fra den manglende opbakning til præsident Emmanuel Macrons politik til ‘de gule veste’.
Fremmede lande er en fejltagelse
Authors: Qvortrup Matt
Published: July 2020

Matt Qvortrup fortæller om baggrunden for Brexit og optakten til den igangværende krise.
Fra Redaktionen
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Danmark: Et land under indflydelse
Authors: Heurlin Bertel
Published: July 2020

Bertel Heurlin indleder med en analyse af, hvordan de tre former for verdensorden, den multipolære, den bipolære og den unipolære, har haft indflydelse på Danmark og Danmarks sikkerhed fra Anden Verdenskrig til i dag.
Iran: Hverken brød eller frihed
Authors: Alfoneh Ali
Published: July 2020

Ali Alfoneh om de tilbagevendende politiske rystelser i Iran.
Competencia digital informacional, alfabetización mediática y periodismo. Un análisis de caso a través del proyecto “La Prensa en las escuelas”
Authors: Labio-Bernal Aurora , Romero-Domínguez Lorena R. , García Orta María José , García-Prieto Victoria
Published: July 2020

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo de la competencia digital informacional con el periodismo como herramienta didáctica. Se realiza una revisión de la regulación educativa y la competencia digital, así como su relación con la alfabetización mediática. Diferentes autores defienden la necesidad de formar estudiantes con capacidad crítica y reflexiva, para lo que el acceso y la compresión de la información son fundamentales. Así, nuestro enfoque sitúa el periodismo como herramienta didáctica en el aula para todas las materias y plantea la posibilidad de una asignatura vinculada a la competencia digital informacional y la alfabetización mediática. Para justificar este estudio, se ha encuestado a 107 docentes de 32 institutos de Sevilla, que han participado en el proyecto “La prensa en las escuelas”. El objetivo fundamental es demostrar que la alfabetización mediática es un eje fundamental de la competencia digital informacional y que está directamente relacionada con la comprensión de contenidos periodísticos.
Pensamiento computacional. Alfabetización digital sin computadoras
Authors: Osio Umberto Roncoroni , Bailón Maxi Jaime
Published: July 2020

El pensamiento computacional es un conjunto de conocimientos en las áreas STEM introducido en los programas educativos para preparar a los estudiantes en la comprensión y el uso de los medios y las herramientas digitales. Sin embargo, no se ha tomado en cuenta que los medios digitales influyen no solo en el desarrollo del conocimiento, sino también en la economía, la cultura, la comunicación y las relaciones sociales. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar y corregir algunas limitaciones del paradigma del pensamiento computacional. Queremos demostrar, con la ayuda de la literatura científica y del trabajo de campo, que el pensamiento computacional debería incluir las humanidades, y rescatar las prácticas educativas analógicas y las tradiciones culturales locales. Para esto se estudiarán tres aspectos: a) la crítica a los fundamentos neopositivistas del tecnocentrismo; b) la naturaleza del medio digital, con la puesta en relieve del software y de la creatividad digital, y c) las metodologías y prácticas educativas, entre las que se proponen la máquina de Touring y las shape grammars. Se concluye con todo esto que, para fortalecer el pensamiento computacional, las maquinarias informáticas no son imprescindibles y hasta podrían ser contraproducentes para el aprendizaje y la creatividad.
Diseño de letras en carteles y cabeceras del imaginario Disney
Authors: Huerta Ricard , Monleón Oliva Vicente
Published: July 2020

En el presente artículo analizamos los diseños tipográficos del imaginario Disney desde la perspectiva de la cultura visual. Indagamos en los estilos que han marcado algunas de las producciones más emblemáticas de esta productora de cine, para lo cual hemos seleccionado 12 de los 60 títulos que componen la colección Clásicos Disney. Abordamos la cuestión estudiando las características formales y observando el papel de cada diseño en su coyuntura histórica. Desarrollamos una comparativa que nos permite averiguar hasta qué punto estos mensajes visuales realizados con letras han calado de manera rotunda en el imaginario colectivo. Comunicación y tecnología se dan la mano en esta evolución estilística. También aportamos una mirada educativa al tema, atendiendo a nuestra implicación en la formación de docentes,ofreciendo un examen detallado de los carteles y los títulos de crédito. Consideramos que este material puede resultar de utilidad para comprender mejor en influjo de la sensibilidad Disney en las sucesivas generaciones de públicos. El poder de Disney en los medios de comunicación afecta directamente a nuestra recepción de la literatura clásica, algo que se mantiene en cada proceso o cambio que sucede, ya que Disney ha demostrado durante un siglo su capacidad de adaptación a los usos tecnológicos y las corrientes estéticas. Las letras de la iconosfera Disney nos ofrecen un catálogo exclusivo de adaptación a las modas desde la constante innovación en sus propuestas ideológicas, estéticas, tecnológicas, comunicativas y culturales.
Journalism and digital resources for transforming schools
Authors: Brites María José
Published: July 2020

This article aims to reflect on school contexts of the use of digital tools and also on the possibility of going beyond technology itself and thinking about spaces of critical thinking, inspired by a process that is usually associated with journalism and its democratic tradition. These reflections result from the use of semi-open questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with teachers (compulsory education in Portugal) as part of a project on Audiences, News and Literacy - ANLite (2014–2018). Research questions imply identifying ways digital tools are perceived in schools and how journalism serves as an inspiration for democratic school environments. The results point to challenges related to teachers' fears about digital, but also to structural problems regarding access conditions to digital and equipment that allow quality access. The excess of tasks, including administrative, limits possibilities of collaboration between teachers and with young people. These latter challenges also constitute a possible increase in journalistic-inspired tasks that facilitate democratic processes in schools.
La relación entre razón y desacuerdo en la filosofía kantiana
Authors: Muñoz Velasco Julia
Published: July 2020

En este ensayo mostraré que, para Kant, el desacuerdo no constituye una amenaza, sino una condición para la legitimidad del conocimiento y la racionalidad. En la primera sección, sostengo que el desacuerdo es visto como algo negativo sólo si el conocimiento es determinado por una coerción ilegítima, en un estado de naturaleza de la razón. En la segunda sección, explico que la salida de este estado puede alcanzarse fijando los límites del conocimiento, distinguiendo entre ignorancia necesaria y contingente, entre desacuerdo ilegítimo y legítimo. En la tercera sección, expongo lo que Kant define como un estado de derecho de la razón, en el que el conocimiento es visto como una empresa intersubjetiva que requiere reglas comunes.
¿Epistemología moral kantiana? Una interpretación no-epistémica
Authors: López Flores Luis Moisés
Published: July 2020

Basados en la presencia de un vocabulario cognitivo en la Crítica de la razón práctica algunos interpretes atribuyen una epistemología moral a Kant. El argumento se presenta a través de una analogía entre conocimiento práctico y teórico en relación con el hecho de la razón. De manera alternativa quisiera ofrecer una variante no epistémica que se apoya en la Fundamentación y en recursos de la teoría de la acción contemporánea. Esta interpretación se enfoca en la fe racional como la actitud cognitiva relevante. La fe racional es una aceptación racional que debemos tener por motivos morales.
Kant y la religión racional. Observaciones acerca de la defensa ilustrada del principio de tolerancia
Authors: P. Beade Ileana
Published: July 2020

Los pensadores de la Ilustración suelen destacar el vínculo indisoluble entre racionalidad y tolerancia religiosa, declarando irracional toda forma de fanatismo. En este trabajo examinamos algunos tópicos desarrollados en Respuesta a la pregunta qué es la ilustración y en La religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón, con el propósito de analizar la formulación kantiana del principio de neutralidad del Estado en materia religiosa, y la noción de religión racional pura. Nuestro propósito es señalar la importancia decisiva de ambos aspectos para el tratamiento kantiano de la cuestión de la tolerancia, así como la vigencia de los mismos en vistas a los desafíos que enfrentan los actuales sistemas democráticos, a causa de su sesgo multiculturalista.
Presentación del editor al número monográfico. La actualidad de la Crítica de la razón pura: Parte Práctica
Authors: Hereza Modrego David
Published: July 2020

Presentación del número monográfico. 
La actualidad de la Crítica de la razón pura: Parte Práctica
“Los indios de esta encomienda no tienen mujeres”: fertilidad y sistemas de género frente al colapso demográfico indígena. Tres casos emblemáticos
Authors: Matallana Peláez Susana E.
Published: July 2020

Objective/Context: This work takes up Suzanne Alchon’s historical approach by problematizing the theoretical model that postulates virgin soil epidemics as a sufficient cause of the American demographic collapse, paying special attention to indigenous women of reproductive age and the way in which they were affected by the encomienda system. Methodology: Using a differential gender approach, we examine the demographic information provided by Captain Diego de Ospina’s visits to the encomiendas in the Timaná region (New Granada), between 1628 and 1629. The data obtained is compared with two similar studies carried out in the Americas: one based on a U.S. Government census carried out in 1860, among 17,798 Native Americans of California, and a second, on the demographic patterns of the Jesuit missions in Paraguay. Originality: This study aims to contribute to the problematization of the theory of virgin soil epidemics by applying a differential gender approach to the analysis of colonial demographic information. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this triangulation suggest that personal service or related modalities especially affected indigenous women of reproductive age, which had a disastrous impact on the mortality rate of the most fertile female population in the face of epidemics and, therefore, on the indigenous birth rate. This situation slowed down the demographic recovery of the native population and forced pre-Hispanic gender systems to reconfigure to face the demographic collapse.
A Critical Assessment on the Indonesian Free Visa Policy: a Neorealist Perspective
Authors: Indrady Andry
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the implementation of free visa policy in Indonesia from a neorealist perspective. By utilizing the perspective of interdependence sovereignty and domestic sovereignty, this paper critically assesses the implementation of the free visa policy in Indonesia. From the interdependence sovereignty perspective, which elaborates the economic benefits, reciprocal and security approaches the paper finds that the free visa policy in Indonesia has yet to formulate a rational and objective policy that would lead to potential security – order threat. On the other hand, from the domestic sovereignty perspective the paper finds that although the state performs its immigration control capabilities effectively, however the said immigration control measures are implemented at a rather repressive level, instead of at the ideal prevention level. In the end, the paper suggests further research that fills the gap from findings on the specific methods to enhance the state’s capability in managing challenges posed by the free visa policy in more detail, as well as providing a method to measure public perception on the performance of immigration control.
The Challenge for the Central American Integration System (SICA): The Withdrawal of Costa Rica During the Cuban Migrant Crisis 2015
Authors: Stein Damaris
Published: July 2020

Central America has the longest experience with regional integration efforts apart from Europe and regional integration was on its rise with the establishment of the Central American Integration System (SICA). However, the organisation has been struggling to move the integration process further; experiencing a climax of fragmentation when Costa Rica left SICA during the Cuban migration crisis in 2015. This article focuses on the factors which contributed to the withdrawal of Costa Rica by looking at: (1) the institutional level of SICA; (2) Costa Rica’s policies that have hindered Central American integration; and (3) Costa Rica’s main reasons for its non-integrationist actions. This article argues that the cause can be found at both the institutional level and the national level. It further shows that SICA failed at deepening its integration due to its supranational ambitions installed in its institutional framework. Moreover, through qualitative research methods, it has been found that Costa Rica’s foreign policy is characterised by defying SICA’s organisational bodies. This article concludes by proposing four major reasons to explain Costa Rica’s non-integrationist actions which can be subsumed under (1) historical aspects, (2) no trade benefits from its membership, (3) immigration issues and lastly, (4) the legitimacy problem of SICA.
Interaction mapping of endoplasmic reticulum ubiquitin ligases identifies modulators of innate immune signalling
Authors: Fenech Emma J , Lari Federica , Charles Philip D , Fischer Roman , Laétitia-Thézénas Marie , Bagola Katrin , Paton Adrienne W , Paton James C , Gyrd-Hansen Mads , Kessler Benedikt M , Christianson John C
Published: July 2020

Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane regulate essential cellular activities including protein quality control, calcium flux, and sterol homeostasis. At least 25 different, transmembrane domain (TMD)-containing E3s are predicted to be ER-localised, but for most their organisation and cellular roles remain poorly defined. Using a comparative proteomic workflow, we mapped over 450 protein-protein interactions for 21 stably expressed, full-length E3s. Bioinformatic analysis linked ER-E3s and their interactors to multiple homeostatic, regulatory, and metabolic pathways. Among these were four membrane-embedded interactors of RNF26, a polytopic E3 whose abundance is auto-regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation. RNF26 co-assembles with TMEM43, ENDOD1, TMEM33 and TMED1 to form a complex capable of modulating innate immune signalling through the cGAS-STING pathway. This RNF26 complex represents a new modulatory axis of STING and innate immune signalling at the ER membrane. Collectively, these data reveal the broad scope of regulation and differential functionalities mediated by ER-E3s for both membrane-tethered and cytoplasmic processes.
A Brief Introduction to Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education in Turkish and Finnish Contexts
Authors: Hakyemez-Paul Sevcan
Published: July 2020

Research conducted in recent decades has shown the importance of parental involvement in pupils’ well-being, learning, and future academic success as well as their cognitive, social, and emotional development. In addition to these benefits, parental involvement practices improve parental confidence and satisfaction as well as enriching educational programmes, enhancing the climate of educational institutions, and easing teachers’ work burden through responsibility-sharing and increased information flow. Although the significant role of parental involvement is well-supported by various studies, some research reveals that a gap continues to exist between the recommendations of related research and what is practised in educational institutions in reality. This gap explains in part the persistence of insufficient parental involvement practices. This paper, which is based on my public lektio aims to gain a better understanding of early childhood educators’ self-reported reasons for insufficient practices as well as identifying their parental involvement practices and their views in Finnish and Turkish contexts. The study is reported in four original articles, using the quantitative and qualitative data gathered from a representative sample of 287 early childhood educators from Helsinki and 225 early childhood educators from Ankara. Analysis of the results drew attention to the gap between theory and practice as well as the reasons behind this gap from the educators’ point of view. All the data material were discussed for each context, thus allowing for the highlighting of practical implications, which contributed not only to the research on parental involvement practices in different countries but also to the research on identifying factors affecting sufficient parental involvement. In addition to country-centred interpretations, the comparative aspect of this study contributes to existing research into world culture vs. local culture discussions.
What is the motivation of Norwegian and New Zealand teacher educators for using digital technology when teaching?
Authors: Madsen Siri Sollied
Published: July 2020

There is a gap between policies regarding the use of digital technology in higher education in Norway and what is practiced. Therefore, we have conducted a comparative study of teacher education in Norway and New Zealand. Using Herzberg’s two-factor theory, this study investigates what motivates teacher educators to use digital technology when teaching. Although the professional application of digital tools is more frequent in New Zealand than in Norway, the ability to use digital technology seems to be greater in Norway than in New Zealand. Based on Meier’s formula (performance = abilities × motivation), teacher educators’ performance is considered a result of their abilities and motivation. This indicates that motivation is a key element in understanding why the use of digital tools is more frequent amongst New Zealand teacher educators. When explaining their motivation for using digital technology, Norwegian teacher educators mentioned nine motivation factors and nine hygiene factors. The hygiene factors relate to the mandatory policy and the work conditions when teaching online. New Zealand teacher educators explained their motivation with 14 motivational factors and only four hygiene factors. New Zealand teacher educators seemed to be more motivated to work with digital technology than their Norwegian counterparts. This lack of motivation is one reason that could explain why the application of digital tools seemed lower in Norway than in New Zealand. Norwegian teacher educators explained that the main reason they use digital tools is the top-down implementation of government policy. Therefore, a fundamental challenge in the use of digital technology in Norway is the policy related to its implementation; as a part of the job environment, policy creates job dissatisfaction. Teacher educators from both countries highlighted achievement and policy as their main reasons for using digital technology, but Norwegian teacher educators were especially critical of their own country’s policy.