bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of recent fault movements in the Tungnafellsjökull fissure swarm in the Central Volcanic Zone, Iceland
Authors: Björnsdóttir Þórhildur , Einarsson Páll
Published: February 2023

he volcanic system of Tungnafellsjökull lies in the Central Iceland volcanic zone near the center of the hot spot and the triple junction where the Eurasian Plate, the North-American Plate and the Hreppar Microplate meet. Holcene activity in the Tungnafellsjökull system has been very low, only two small lavas are associated with the system. The Tungnafellsjökull fissure swarm is rather short and wide compared with fissure swarms of other volcanic systems at the divergent plate boundary, 40 km long and 20 km wide. Earthquakes are not common, with usually fewer than 10 being registered per year. Due to these facts, it came as a surprise when InSAR measurements detected movements on faults in the fissure swarm of Tungnafellsjökull during the Gjálp eruption in Vatnajökull in 1996 at a distance of around 37 km from the eruption site. Ground check in 2009 and 2010 revealed evidence of recent movements on faults in the area in the form of fresh sinkholes and fractures, some of which had moved as recently as the spring of 2010. Fresh sinkholes are known to form mostly during faulting events. They are formed when surface soil is washed into underlying, widening cracks in the bedrock. Based on earthquake data and InSAR images these fault movements occurred during three tectonic events, in October 1996 during the Gjálp eruption, in August 2008 and in November 2009. The events are expressed by increased seismicity in the Tungnafellsjökull area, both in terms of number of recorded earthquakes as well as rate of seismic moment release. The earthquakes were all small. The total released seismic moment is equivalent to that of a single earthquake of magnitude 3.4.The widespread evidence of recent fault movements and the small magnitude of the earthquakes suggests that the fault activity is related to magma movements rather than tectonic faulting.
Sensitivity of Icelandic river basins to recent climate variations
Authors: Crochet Philippe
Published: February 2023

Variations in 22 hydrological variables were considered for 8 watersheds in Iceland to analyse the quantitative impact of variations in climate on hydrology during the period 1971–2006. Observed streamflow characteristics were examined together with information about rain/snow fraction, snow storage, snow and glacier melting derived from gridded precipitation and temperature data using a simple temperature-index melt model. The effect of the observed temperature and precipitation variations was examined by comparing subsets of the data containing the 25\% coldest and warmest and the 25\% wettest and driest years of each series. The seasonality of streamflow of all catchments and timing of hydrological events were found to be sensitive to differences of 1.1–1.4 °C in the annual temperature between the warm and cold data subsets. Snow storage was smaller and depleted earlier and the onset of spring snowmelt was shifted several weeks earlier in warm years, while glacial melt volumes increased by 20–40\%. These changes caused greater discharge in winter and spring and less discharge in summer, except for glacierized catchments where summer flow was maintained by glacier melt. Annual precipitation was 40–58\% greater in the wet compared with the dry data subsets, resulting in substantial seasonal and annual increases of rain, snow storage and snowmelt, streamflow volumes and flood occurrence rate. The seasonal distribution and timing of hydrological events were, however, usually not systematically different. Snow storage and glaciers are found to exert a strong influence on streamflow in Icelandic river catchments, making them sensitive to climate variations. The nature of the hydrological response is not spatially uniform but depends on location, altitude distribution and catchment type.
Skíðaganga frá Grenisöldu til Breiðamerkursands, vorið 1986
Authors: Ólafsson Halldór
Published: February 2023

Um árabil stunduðum við nokkrir félagar skíðaferðir um hálendi Íslands okkur til ánægju og yndisauka. Flestir vorum við félagar í Flugbjörgunarsveitinni í Reykjavík og nutum þess iðulega, t.d. með lægri fargjöldum hjá flugfélögunum. Oftast vorum við fimm til sex saman en í þessa ferð, sem nú greinir frá, komust aðeins þrír. Það voru þeir Magnús Hallgrímsson verkfræðingur sem jafnan var fararstjóri, Leifur Jónssonlæknir og undirritaður, Halldór Ólafsson rennismiður.
Structure and tectonic position of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano, S-Iceland
Authors: Einarsson Páll , Hjartardóttir Ásta Rut
Published: February 2023

The Eyjafjallajökull volcano, one of the oldest active volcanoes in Iceland, is located in the volcanic flank zone of South Iceland, a few tens of kilometers south of the nearest branch of the mid-Atlantic plate boundary. It is an elongated, broad cone of about 1650 m height. A 100–200 m thick glacier covers the upper part of the volcano and its elliptical 2.5–km-wide summit crater or caldera. An E–W trending rift zone transects the volcano, but a few radial fissures are observed around the summit area. Eruptive fissures on the west flank are curved and tend to be aligned along the maximum gradient of the topography. The E–W orientation of the rift zone and the apparent correlation with the topography suggests strong influence of gravity. Dikes in the older parts of the volcano strike north-easterly and indicate a change in the stress orientation during the last 0.78 My. This change may be related to a southward propagation of the Eastern Volcanic Rift Zone of Iceland and the transfer of spreading from the Western to the Eastern Volcanic Rift Zone. We suggest that the anomalous orientation of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic system is the result of preexisting topography and gravitational stresses when the volcanic edifice was built up unconformably on old oceanic crust. All known episodes of activity in Eyjafjallajökull have been accompanied by activity in the neighbouring volcano Katla. The most recent examples are the two thermal events, possibly subglacial eruptions, of 1999 and 2011 at Katla following the 1999 sill intrusion and 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. The coupling mechanism between the volcanoes remains enigmatic. One volcano may be triggered by the other by direct dike or sill injection. Furthermore, pressure perturbation in the mantle may affect the magma sources of both volcanoes.
Delimiting Bárðarbunga and Askja volcanic systems with Sr- and Nd-isotope ratios
Authors: Sigmarsson Olgeir , Halldórsson Sæmundur Ari
Published: February 2023

Volcanic systems represent a fundamental component of the neovolcanic zones in Iceland. They are composed of a central volcano and a fissure swarm, or a combination of the two. The 2014–2015 rifting event at the Bárðarbunga volcanic system produced basaltic lava approximately 40 km to the north of the central volcano, within a fissure swarm commonly attributed to the Askja volcanic system, highlighting the complex tectonic structure of a region, directly above the Iceland mantle plume. New analyses of Sr- and Nd-isotope ratios from the new lava (Holuhraun), and the underlying older Holuhraun lava, show that they have identical values to those of the Bárðarbunga-Veiðivötn lavas and tephra erupted during the Holocene. Moreover, comparison with published high-precision radiogenic isotope data, reveals that Holocene lavas and tephra from the Bárðarbunga and Askja systems are characterized by contrasting Sr- and Nd-isotope ratios, with the notable exception of the Þjórsárhraun lava and two early Holocene lavas from the extreme west and east of the Veiðivötn fissure swarm. The $^{87}$Sr/$^{86}$Sr and $^{143}$Nd/$^{144}$Nd isotope ratios can thus be utilized to define the provenance of lava flows north of the Vatnajökull ice cap, ascertaining that the large lava fields of Krepputunguhraun and Fjallsendahraun (Frambruni) must also have originated within the Bárðarbunga volcanic system.
Mapping of the Eldgjá lava flow on Mýrdalssandur with magnetic surveying
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Sigrún Sif , Guðmundsson Magnús Tumi , Hreinsdóttir Sigrún
Published: February 2023

The 934–938 AD Eldgjá lava flow was formed in the largest flood basalt eruption in Iceland during the last 1100 years. Since the eruption, sediments from Katla jökulhlaups have accumulated at Mýrdalssandur outwash plain and partly buried the Álftaver lava field, the westernmost branch of the Eldgjá lava flow. Using the results from a magnetic survey on Mýrdalssandur, the location of the buried edge of the Álftaver lava field has been estimated. The magnetic measurements indicate that the edge of the Álftaver lava field lies 1–4 km further to the west then previously suggested. The thickness of sediments on top of the lava edge is ∼10 m with generally decreasing thickness towards the east and northeast. The depth to the lava flow suggests that sediment accumulation on central and western Mýrdalssandur has amounted to 3–5 km³ since the Eldgjá lava flow was emplaced. The buried part of the lava flow has an area of 64 km² and volume of 1.4±0.5 km³. When these values are added to older estimates, the total area of the Eldgjá lava flow increases to 844 km² and the volume to 20 km³.
Kynningarferð með styrkþega Norrænu eldfjallastöðvarinnar sumarið 1974
Authors: Ólafsson Halldór
Published: February 2023

Norræna eldfjallastöðin var sett á laggirnar á haustdögum 1973 með fámennu starfsliði. Um sumarið hafði dr. Guðmundur Ernir Sigvaldason jarðefnafræðingur verið ráðinn forstöðumaður, en hann var þá starfandi í Mið-Ameríku á vegum Sameinuðu þjóðanna. Þetta sumar voru fengnir tveir ungir jarðfræðingar, Páll Imsland og Guðbjartur Kristófersson, til að safna bergsýnum af hálendi Íslands sem nokkurs konar undirstöðu fyrir væntanlegar rannsóknir. Guðmundur kom til starfa í október en Halldór Ólafsson rennismiður var ráðinn tæknimaður 1. nóvember. Um svipað leyti var Níels Óskarsson trésmiður ráðinn til starfa, en hann hafði áður verið ráðinn tæknimaður til Raunvísindastofnunar Háskólans og búinn að vinna þar nokkur ár undir handleiðslu Guðmundar Sigvaldasonar. Það var svo ekki fyrr en 10. október 1974 sem Norræna eldfjallastöðin var opnuð formlega með fullskipuðu starfsliði og styrkþegum. Fyrstu erlendu styrkþegarnir komu til landsins í byrjun júní 1974 fyrir utan Ellen Sigmond sem kom með manni sínum, Guðmundi Sigvaldasyni, haustið 1973. Fljótlega eftir að erlendu styrkþegarnir voru búnir að koma sér fyrir, var hafist handa við undirbúning ferðar til kynningar á jarðfræði Íslands og þar með væntanlegum starfvettvangi þeirra að hluta til. Haustið 1973 hafði verið keyptur langur LandRover jeppi fyrir starfsemi stofnunarinnar og skyldi hann notaður í ferðalagið ásamt rússajeppa sem Raunvísindastofnun Háskólans léði til fararinnar. Jeppa Raunvísindastofnunar ók nýráðinn tæknimaður hennar, Ævar Jóhannesson trésmiður, ljósmyndari og sjálfmenntaður rafeindafræðingur. Aðrir þátttakendur í þessari fyrstu kynningarferð stofnunarinnar voru Guðmundur forstöðumaður, Karl Grönvold jarðfræðingurog sérfræðingur á stofnuninni, Níels Óskarsson tæknimaður, nemi í jarðfræði og styrkþegarnir Ellen Sigmond og Tore Prestvik frá Noregi, Jörgen G. Larsen frá Danmörku og Íslendingurinn Páll Imsland. Svíinn Karlsson, sem var gestkomandi á stofnuninni, kom einnig með ásamt Jan Kribek jarðfræðingi frá Tékkóslóvakíu, en hann hafði fengið starfsaðstöðu hjá Norrænu eldfjallastöðinni. Halldór var ökumaður á stofnunarbílnum.
Geomorphological and sedimentological records of glacial events in the northern marginal zone of Tungnaárjökull, Iceland, since the Little Ice Age
Authors: Molewski Pawel , Andrzejewski Leon
Published: February 2023

We present geomorphological mapping of glacilacustrine and glacifluvial landforms and lithofacies analysis of deposits in the northern part of the marginal zone of Tungnaárjökull as it retreated from its Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum. This is the first time that this type of study has been conducted in the marginal zone of Tungnaárjökull. Landforms identified included preserved shorelines, small wave-cut platforms, fossil deltas and a kame terrace, all associated with ice-dammed lakes. Lake, delta and kame depositional environments were interpreted on the basis of sedimentological analysis. Ice-dammed lakes developed in the northern part of the forefield as a result of Tungnaárjökull damming the outflow of meltwater between its snout and the Jökulgrindur volcanic ridge. Based on historical maps and aerial photographs the damming of meltwater was probably associated with the 1945 surge.
A total-field magnetic anomaly map of the Reykjanes peninsula, Southwest Iceland
Authors: Kristjánsson Leó , Jónsson Geirfinnur
Published: February 2023

Aeromagnetic surveys of the Reykjanes peninsula in Southwest Iceland were carried out in 1965 and 1968. They revealed the presence of positive magnetic anomalies in the southern and central parts of the peninsula, whereas a broad negative anomaly followed its northern coast. These variations were caused only to a small extent by the local topography. A map of SW-NE trending fissure swarms in the peninsula, published in 1978, indicated that they were correlated with the positive anomalies as well as with centers of recent volcanism and high-temperature geothermal activity. Processing of the results from the 1968 survey combined with further surveys in 1973, 1985–1986 and 1991–1992 has resulted in a new multicolor map of field residuals in the Reykjanes peninsula and its surroundings. The most prominent feature in the map is lineations of positive anomalies partially overlapping with the volcanic fissure swarms. Susceptibility measurements on drill cuttings indicate that their sources may reach to more than 1.5 km depth.
Geomorphic assessment of the urban setting of Húsavík, North Iceland, in the context of earthquake hazard
Authors: Waltl Peter , Halldórsson Benedikt , Pétursson Halldór G. , Fiebig Markus
Published: February 2023

The Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ) is one of the largest system of transform faults in Iceland on which damaging earthquakes have repeatedly taken place. The town of Húsavík on the coast of the Tjörnes peninsula lies in an extensional basin formed due to a slight bend in the HFFZ. The fault movement and geological processes have over time created considerable spatial variations in both the topography and shallow subsurface materials on which the town resides. As a result, the earthquake hazard varies significantly within the town, and therefore the local seismic risk as well. In this study, we expand on previous research by mapping the geomorphology of the Húsavík area. Namely, the geomorphology identifies the secondary processes that can be activated during strong earthquake motions and cause additional damage or loss. Through field inspection and remote sensing we have examined the predominant surface geological types and actual and potential geomorphic phenomena and processes in the Húsavík area. The results are presented as a set of geological and geomorphological maps outlining the types and classes of geomorphological processes, along with the topography and slope inclinations of Húsavík. The geomorphological characteristics of the Húsavík area are shown to be largely dominated by mass gravitational motion such as landslides and rockfalls, primarily on the Húsavík mountain and along the Botnsvatn incline, but also along the coastline of Húsavík, especially along the steep slopes in the southernmost part of town. We have also identified areas with possible liquefaction potential within the town where fully water saturated Holocene sediments are located, prompting reevaluation of the local earthquake hazard, seismic risk, and urban planning.
Sker í Jökulsárlóni
Authors: Guðmundsson Snævarr
Published: February 2023

Á síðasta áratug hafa nokkur smásker komið í ljós í Jökulsárlóni, austan undan Esjufjallarönd (1. og 2. mynd). Vísbendingar eru um að enn fleiri muni birtast þar við frekara hop Breiðamerkurjökuls á næstu árum. Skerin eru öll mynduð úr djúpbergi. Þau eru í NNV átt frá eyjunni Skúmey (10,2 hektarar). Sú var orðin jökullaus árið 2000 en þar sést hins vegar ekki í berggrunninn heldur er eyjan öll þakin jökulurð. ...
Ferð til Napólí 8. til 21. júní 1986
Authors: Ólafsson Halldór
Published: February 2023

Tilgangur ferðarinnar var að setja niður tvo síritandi hallamæla við bæinn Pozzuoli, útborg Napólí, að ósk Osservatorio Vesuviano en svo nefnist eldfjallarannsóknastöð Napólíbúa. Félagar mínir í þessari ferð voru raftæknifræðingarnir Eggert Ólafsson og Hörður Halldórsson. Land undir Pozzuoli hafði risið undanfarin ár og nú vildu menn mæla landrisið með tækni sem þróuð var í Kröflueldum 1975–1984. Pozzuoli stendur í miðri öskju eldstöðvarinnar Campi Flegreii, sem myndaðist að mestu í ofurgosi fyrir um 39000 árum en síðasta stórgos varð fyrir um 12500 árum. ...
Sveakratern 1919 – Grímsvötn revisit 2019: The legacy of Erik Ygberg and Hakon Wadell
Authors: Sturkell Erik , Guðmundsson Magnús Tumi
Published: February 2023

The first recorded visit to Grímsvötn occurred on the 31st of August 1919. Two Swedish geology students, Hakon Wadell and Erik Ygberg, stood on the edge of a hitherto unknown large caldera. This discovery was the most significant finding in the first west-to-east transect across Vatnajökull, starting at Síðujökull on the 27th of August. This was an expedition into the unknown, but a principal aim was nevertheless to find the source of the large jökulhlaups on Skeiðarársandur. They named the ice-filled caldera “Svíagígur”. Studies of written sources in the 1930s revealed that this place was indeed Grímsvötn, well known in the 17th and 18th centuries but the name and location had been forgotten in the 19th century. From Svíagígur they continued eastwards, descending down the crevassed Heinabergsjökull, reaching civilization in the morning the 6th. They announced the news that a huge volcano existed under Vatnajökull and this was the source of the jökulhlaups emerging from Skeiðarárjökull. Upon their return to Stockholm, they received a hero’s welcome, but soon it all changed into no one believing them, as prominent figures in Sweden at this time insisted that a volcano can’t be active beneath a glacier! After they finished their studies, both left Sweden very disappointed. Hakon Wadell had a successful geological career in America presenting a doctoral thesis in 1932 from the University of Chicago. Erik Ygberg worked as an international prospector a few years before his bad health, a result of the hardships experienced at the end of the Vatnajökull expedition, forced him back to Sweden, where he had a career at the Swedish Geological Survey. The name Svíagígur has not been used but the two nunataks marking the highest points on Grímsfjall are named in the honour of the two Swedes, Svíahúkur eystri and Svíahnúkur vestri.
Óendanleikinn framundan: Grímsvatnaaskjan og plánetan jörð. (Infinite Next: Grímsvötn caldera and planet Earth)
Authors: Líndal Anna , Bragason Bjarki
Published: February 2023

Leiðangur Hakon Wadell og Erik Ygberg á Vatnajökul árið 1919, fyrir rúmum hundrað árum má skoða sem birtingarmynd fjölbreyttra menningarlegra fyrirbæra. Tveir ungir námsmenn sem þráðu eitthvað stórkostlegt, að komast í snertingu við yfirþyrmandi ástand, ókannað landsvæði þar sem hættan bíður við hvert fótmál. Þeir gerðu sér leiðangur frá Stokkhólmi á Vatnajökul til að finna eitthvað sem enginn annar hafði áður séð eða snert. Leiðangurinn var langur og strangur. Á jökulbreiðunni er svartaþoka en þeir halda ferðinni áfram þangað til hestarnir taka af þeim völdin og neita að fara lengra. Þokunni léttir, og þá blasir náttúruundrið við; Grímsvatnaaskjan. Þegar Grímsvötn birtust fyrst á Íslandskorti árið 1720, teiknaði Peter Raben þau sem vatnaklasa inni á jöklinum. Árið 1920 birtir Wadell fyrsta kortið af Grímsvatnaöskjunni. Við það breytist Grímsvatnaaskjan úr því að vera hugmynd um stað yfir í kortlagt landsvæði. Núna árið 2020 búum við í veröld þar sem hver kimi af plánetunni jörð er myndaður með gervitunglum hvern einasta dag, aftur og aftur. Söguleg staðreynd sem breytir upplifun okkar af jörðinni og hugmyndum okkar um land/stað. ...
Leó Kristjánsson, 1943–2020 – minning
Authors: Einarsson Páll , Guðmundsson Magnús Tumi
Published: February 2023

Með fráfalli Leós Kristjánssonar lýkur merkum kafla í sögu jarðvísindarannsókna á Íslandi. Hann hóf starfsferil sinn á upphafsárum mikilla byltinga í hugmyndaheimi jarðvísindanna. Kenningar um stórfelldar hreyfingar jarðskorpunnar voru að ryðja sér til rúms. Kenningin um færslu meginlandanna, landrekskenningin, gekk í endurnýjun lífdaga, og kenningin um gliðnun hafsbotnsins út frá úthafshryggjum var nýkomin fram. Þessar kenningar voru undanfari flekakenningarinnar, sem nú myndar ramma utan um flestar hugmyndir í jarðvísindum. ...
Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2019 og 2019–2020
Authors: Hannesdóttir Hrafnhildur
Published: February 2023

Sjálfboðaliðar félagsins fóru til mælinga síðastliðið haust en þó nokkrir komust ekki til að mæla vegna tilmæla sóttvarnaryfirvalda um að ferðast ekki á milli landshluta á haustmánuðum. Alls bárust upplýsingar frá tæplega 40 sporðamælistöðum. Langflestir sporðar hopa og er hörfunin mest á Síðujökli og austanverðum Breiðamerkurjökli eða í kringum 200 m. Hins vegar mælist framgangur á örfáum sporðum í sunnnanverðum Vatnajökli, sem nú er auðvelt að bera saman við hraðasviðsmyndir úr gervitunglagögnum.
Jöklarannsóknir á Íslandi á fimmta áratugnum – frumkvöðlastarf Steinþórs Sigurðssonar
Authors: Pálsson Einar B.
Published: February 2023

Einar B. Pálsson (1912–2011) verkfræðingur og prófessor tók þátt í jöklarannsóknum á fimmta áratug 20. aldar með Steinþóri Sigurðssyni, Jóni Eyþórssyni og fleirum. Á þessum árum voru vísindarannsóknir á nútímavísu að hefjast hér á landi. Búnaður var frumstæður og innviðir eða stofanir til að standa að rannsóknum á náttúru Íslands vart fyrir hendi. Í þessum jöklarannsóknum tókst samstarf vísindamanna og áhugamanna, einkum skíðamanna. Það samstarf hefur haldið áfram allt fram á þennan dag í Jöklarannsóknafélagi Íslands. Efirfarandi frásögn var skráð eftir viðtölum við Einar veturinn 2000–2001. ...
Organization of anti-epidemic measures when conscripting citizens for military service during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors:   FSBEI HE Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kuzmin S. A. , Grigorieva L. K. ,   FSBEI HE Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been officially declared an international emergency by the World Health Organization. During this period of time, the state task of conscripting citizens for military service was carried out in our country. When performing this task, anti-epidemic measures were taken. Medical examination of conscripts was carried out at all stages of their route, starting from the military conscription office of the municipality to the assembly point of the military conscription office of the region. All conscripts had their body temperature measured, and they were provided with personal protective equipment — masks and gloves, which were changed every two hours. A PCR test was carried out in the municipalities, and a laboratory blood test in order to detect IgG/IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was carried out at the assembly point of the region. The taken measures contributed to the successful completion of the task of preventing the introduction of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 into the troops and the mass spread of the disease.
The role of telemedicine in emergency situations with the provision of medical care in hard-to-reach areas of the North Caucasus
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Maslyakov V. V. , Solovieva V.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gerasimova T. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bachaeva A. T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dudaev D. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saidova M. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mudueva M. U. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2023

This article presents the scientific merits of telemedicine interventions in primary health care in hard-to-reach areas of the North Caucasus. Although there is no single and consistent definition of primary health care, most sources agree that it is central to the healthcare system as it is the first contact for patients seeking medical care. Growing concerns about sustainability and an expected shortage of primary care physicians have sparked interest in exploring the potential of telemedicine to address many of the challenges facing primary health care in the Nor th Caucasus.
Herpes zoster
Authors:   Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 4, Ufa, Korobkо Y. I.
Published: February 2023

Chickenpox, like herpes zoster, is caused by the same varicella-zoster virus, which belongs to the herpesvirus family. After chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus can remain latent for life in the trigeminal ganglia and dorsal root ganglia. Reactivation of the virus occurs in immunodeficiency states against the background of malignant neoplasms, HIV infection, stress effects, and the use of immunosuppressive therapy. Internal organs may also be involved in the pathological process. Unlike chicken pox, the leading pathogenetic mechanism in herpes zoster is neurotropism. The incidence of herpes zoster is obser ved in persons who have had chick enpox.
Asthenovegetative syndrome after COVID-19 in the practice of a family doctor
Authors:   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University, Skvortsov V. V. , Leskova A.V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University, Kiseleva A.V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University
Published: February 2023

This study assesses and systematizes the signs of asthenovegetative syndrome (AVS) in patients who had COVID-19 a month ago. The survey was completed by 44 respondents aged 20 to 80 years. According to the results of the survey, the most common manifestation of asthenovegetative syndrome is weakness. The respondents also noted emotional disturbances, decreased attention, sleep disturbances, pain in the joints and muscles, weight loss, and headache. To assess the dynamics of the studied manifestations, a survey was conducted using the Vein's autonomic dysfunction scale. In 93.1 % of the respondents, the total score exceeded 15, which indicates the presence of autonomic dysfunction. The results demonstrate that among patients who have undergone COVID-19, the frequency of autonomic dysfunction is quite high. The manifestations which patients are most often concerned about are asthenic and psycho-emotional disorders. These consequences of COVID-19 significantly reduce the quality of life, which indicates the need for timely diagnosis and provision of qualified care to patients.
Urinary syndrome diagnosis
Authors:   FSBI National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V. I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Klimov V. A.
Published: February 2023

The article presents a clinician's view of general diagnostic and differential diagnostic approaches in the analysis of urine data from patients with nephrological, therapeutic, and urological pathology. The features of the urinary syndrome are considered in detail, depending on the presence, quality, and severity of erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, proteinuria, and cylindruria in various diseases. In addition to traditional chronic kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis), diagnostic points and clinical examination of patients with urolithiasis, kidney and urinary tract tumors, urogenital tuberculosis, anomalies of the renal vessels, cystic dysplasia, and nephroptosis are described in detail.
Disseminated fusariosis against the background of polychemotherapy in a patient with acute leukemia
Authors:   State Institution «Lugansk Republican Blood Transfusion Station», Lugansk, Sakhno N. N.
Published: February 2023

Fusariosis is a dangerous disease caused by imperfect fungi of the genus Fusarium; it is a severe opportunistic infection characterized by rapid dissemination of the mycotic process and high mortality. Currently, there is an increase in the frequency of invasive mycoses all over the world, especially in oncohematological patients. This is due not only to the improvement of methods for diagnosing mycoses, but also to more «aggressive» schemes of cytostatic therapy and the widespread use of hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation as a rescue therapy.
March 17 — World Sleep Day
Authors:   SBHI RR Kerch City Children's Hospital, Rybachok O. A.
Published: February 2023

In 2008, at the initiative of the World Health Organization, it was decided to celebrate Sleep Day on every second Friday of the full week of March. In 2023, this date falls on March 17. Don’t be surprised at such an unusual holiday: on average, we spend a third of our lives sleeping, and the importance of sleep is difficult to overestimate. A person who has had a good night's sleep is usually full of strength and health, but if the night was spent badly, it is difficult to expect anything good from the coming day. A sleep-deprived person is characterized by extreme irritability, a decrease in working capacity, memory, and attention; such person has a bad mood in the morning and subsequently all day [1]. The month of March was not chosen by chance as many note fatigue from a prolonged winter, frost, lack of sunlight, slush under their feet, and vitamin deficiency. Healthy and high-quality sleep helps to cope with these troubles.
literature review
Authors: Курмаев Д.П. , Булгакова С.В. , Тренева Е.В. , Четверикова И.С. , Башинская С.А.
Published: February 2023

Одним из ведущих гериатрических синдромов, включенным в Международную классификацию болезней МКБ-10 с 2016 г., является саркопения. Саркопения - прогрессирующее генерализованное заболевание, сопровождающееся потерей силы, массы и функции скелетной мускулатуры. Это заболевание может приводить к снижению трудоспособности, нарушению способности к самообслуживанию, инвалидности, увеличению риска преждевременной смерти. Среди хронической неинфекционной патологии у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста важную роль играет сахарный диабет 2-го типа (СД2). Он представляет собой серьезное бремя для здоровья пожилых людей, поражая примерно 25 % людей старше 65 лет. Ожидается, что эта доля резко возрастет в следующие десятилетия в связи с увеличением продолжительности жизни населения, наблюдаемым в последние годы. Помимо микрососудистых и макрососудистых осложнений, саркопения была описана как новое осложнение сахарного диабета у пожилых людей. На фоне СД2 риск развития саркопении возрастает троекратно. Представляет интерес рассмотрение механизмов взаимосвязи саркопении и СД2 у гериатрических пациентов.

One of the leading geriatric syndromes, which has been included in the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 since 2016, is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a progressive generalized disease accompanied by a loss of strength, mass, and skeletal muscle function. This disease can lead to a decrease in working capacity, impaired ability to self-service, disability, and an increased risk of premature death. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) plays an important role among the chronic non-infectious pathology of elderly and senile patients. T2DM is a serious health burden for older people, affecting approximately 25 % of people over 65 years of age. This percentage is expected to rise sharply in the coming decades due to the increase in the life expectancy of the population observed in recent years. In addition to microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new complication of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. T2DM increases the risk of developing sarcopenia threefold. It is of interest to consider the mechanisms of the relationship between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus in geriatric patients.
Metabolic risk factors in elderly patients depending on the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Осипова О.А. , Гостева Е.В. , Белоусова О.Н. , Иншакова К.Ю. , Клюшников Н.И. , Плаксина К.Г.
Published: February 2023

В статье рассмотрены вопросы взаимосвязи синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) и метаболических нарушений (липидного и углеводного обмена) у пациентов пожилого возраста. Цель работы - определение ассоциации компонентов метаболического синдрома и СОАС у лиц пожилого возраста. В исследование были включены 132 пациента пожилого возраста (средний возраст 65±3 года), из них 60 (45,5 %) женщин и 72 (54,5 %) мужчины. СОАС имели 69 человек, без СОАС - 63. В зависимости от наличия ожирения (ОЖ) и СОАС были сформированы четыре группы: 1-я - 30 человек без СОАС и без ОЖ (СОАС-/ОЖ-); 2-я - 33 человека без СОАС, но с ОЖ (СОАС-/ОЖ+); 3-я - 34 человека с СОАС, но без ОЖ (СОАС+/ ОЖ-); 4-я - 35 человек с СОАС и ОЖ (СОАС+/ОЖ+). Установлено, что пациенты 4-й группы имели достоверно более высокие антропометрические показатели, более выраженные нарушения липидного обмена - увеличение общего холестерина (ХС), ХС ЛПНП, триглицеридов, лептина и снижение ХС ЛПВП, а также углеводного обмена - увеличение инсулина в крови и индекса НОМА-IR - по сравнению с 1-3-й группами.

The article discusses the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and metabolic disorders (lipid and carbohydrate metabolism) in elderly patients. The aim of the work is to determine the associations of components of metabolic syndrome and OSA in elderly people. The study included 132 elderly patients (average age 65±3 years), of which 60 (45,5 %) women and 72 (54,5 %) men. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had 69 people, without OSA - 63 people. Depending on the presence of obesity and OSA, four groups were formed: the 1st - 30 people without OSA and without Obesity (OSA-/Ob-); the 2nd - 33 people without OSA, but with Ob (OSA-/Ob+); the 3rd - 34 people with OSA, but without OJ (OSA+/Ob-); the 4th - 35 people with OSA and with Obesity (OSA+/Ob+). It was found that patients of group 4 had significantly higher anthropometric indicators, more pronounced disorders of lipid metabolism (an increase in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin and a decrease in HDL cholesterol), carbohydrate metabolism (an increase in blood insulin and the НOMA-IR index) compared with groups 1-3.
Effect of demonstration method on learning success
Authors: Loiser Philippe Tohon , Endne Wanye
Published: February 2023

The purpose of teaching carried out in the classroom according to Mager is to focus on student behavior or performance as a type of out put that exists in students and can be observed and shows that these students have carried out learning activities. Thus the alternative hypothesis formulated has been able to know the truth in this research so that it can be taken as a conclusion from this study, namely that "The demonstration method applied in learning has had a real influence, in the sense that it can be relied upon as a good method for teaching. As one of the alternative learning methods that can activate students, the demonstration method can be applied in the classroom which is expected to increase the level of thinking and experience of students, especially if students are expected to practice about a material that is understood.
Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society
Authors: YİĞİTBAŞ Çağla , ELKOCA Ayse , ÖZCAN Handan
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and to identify the influential factors. Quantitative method was used. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Permissions were obtained before the research. The sample size was calculated with the formula t2xs2/d2. After the calculation, 106 people who consented to participate in the study were reached. Data were collected by convenience sampling method. The mean age of the participants was 31.61 ± 11.05 years. 58.5% of the participants were female and 44.3% were married. The rate of those who said they had a high income was 9.4%. More than half of the participants stated that they experienced anxiety due to the pandemic, and more than half stated that they had this disease at home. Those who reported that they were not currently working, those who thought that their mental health was affected, and those who reported experiencing anxiety due to the pandemic had higher scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Posttraumatic growth and its sub-dimensions were found to make a difference in terms of some sociodemographic characteristics. Repeating this research in different cultural societies will be decisive and clarifying in terms of results.
EMBOLIZATION OF THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY USING LIQUID EMBOLYZING SYSTEMS
Authors:   NpJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana, Kazakhstan, Zemlyansky V , Zemlyanskaya N , Kozhakhmetov S , Open’ko V , Dautov T ,   University Medical Center Corporate Foundation, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan, Sultanaliev T
Published: February 2023

Among the complications of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair the most common are the so–called endoleaks - the preservation of blood flow inside an isolated aneurysmal sac. This complication occurs in almost every fourth patient and is the main cause of reinterventions, which makes the late development of this complication one of the urgent problems under discussions. The report presents a clinical case of treatment of a patient with an aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta with its spread to the common iliac artery using the technique of preventive embolization of the internal iliac artery with application of a liquid tantalum-containing ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. All stages of the operation were performed in the catheterization laboratory using a stationary angiographic system. The embolizing material was introduced after implantation of the stent-graft into the target position, through a microcatheter pre-installed at the ostium of the embolizing internal iliac artery. The introduction of a tantalum-containing ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer after the installation of the stentgraft, under conditions of significant reduction of arterial antegrade blood flow in the lumen of the internal iliac artery, allowed to create a reliable occlusion of the ostium segment of the artery, reduced the risk of migration of embolizing substance into the distal arterial bed.
AVERAGE LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF LAPAROSCOPIC INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR
Authors:   Astana Medical University, Faculty of General Medicine, Department of Surgical Diseases, Bariatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan, Mendybaev A , Fursov A , Ismagambetova B , Volchkova I , Kovalenko T , Dalenov N , Sagatov I ,   A.N. Syzganov National Scientific center of surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: February 2023

Objective: to determine the long-term postoperative outcomes of inguinal hernias using the TAPP approach with the internal ring suturing. Materials and methods. The design is a randomized multicentre clinical study. The study is based on a survey of 268 patients aged 18 to 84 years (mean age 59.2±10.6 years), including 46 (17.2%) women, 222 (82.8%) men with primary inguinal hernias. A total of 187 (69.8%) patients had a normal body mass index, 72 (26.9%) were overweight, 9 (3.3%) were obese. Interventions supposed the open techniques (Liechtenstein technique - 118 patients or Shouldice technique - 29 patients) and laparoscopic technique by TAPP approach (total 121), and specifically the modification with the internal ring suturing (12). The frequency and severity of chronic postoperative pain (up to 1 year) and the recurrence rate of inguinal hernia (up to 2 years) had been determined. Results.The incidence and severity of chronic pain syndromewas moderate and in most caseswere found to have no any intergroup significant differences. Single case showed the significant differences in incidence between open hernioplasty by Liechtenstein technique and TAPP (χ2 =4.241, p=0.040). The recurrence rate of hernias over the 2-year follow-up period was 3.0%. There were no significant differences whichever surgical method to be used. There was not any single case of relapse in the TAPP-IRS target group. The age of patients related to the most crucial risk factor; the intervention technique ranked number two. Account must be taken of the TAPP-IRS subgroup, where any recurrence not reported. The type of intervention had a minimal effect on the risk of recurrence, in particular due to interventions techniques restricted by open operations only. Conclusions. When performing open and laparoscopic hernioplasty for indirect inguinal hernia, the incidence and severity of postoperative pain after 1 month is lower with the laparoscopic method, and after 12 months it remits and has comparable characteristics. The TAPP-based internal ring suturing does not affect the postoperative pain syndrome. The recurrence rate of inguinal hernia after open and laparoscopic hernioplasty found to have no significant differences. When using TAPP-IRS, no relapses were reported.
MODERN ASPECTS OF THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors:   Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician M.A. Topchubashov, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, Sadikhov F.G.
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the problem is due to the continuous increase in morbidity and the lack of effectiveness of existing treatment methods. The aim of the study is to improve the treatment results of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis by introducing modern laser technology. The study was conducted retrospectively from 2008 to 2021 and is based on data from the examination and treatment of 481 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. The patients were divided into groups according to the applied treatment methods: the first group - 129 (29,19%) patients, the second group - 106 (23,98%) patients, and the third group - 207 (46,83%) patients. The concentrations of thyroid hormones, pituitary gland and antibodies to thyroid tissues in the blood serum of patients before and after treatment were studied and compared. Long-term treatment results were studied in 340 (70,7%) patients (t=8,8, p≤0,001). Photodynamic therapy, in combination with sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation with lowintensity laser radiation, contributed to the normalization of thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT4 and FT3) of the thyroid gland on the 15th day of treatment. Combining conservative treatment of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis with photodynamic therapy allows to obtain good and satisfactory results in 77,5% of cases, which gives reason to recommend photodynamic therapy in combination with sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation with low-intensity laser radiation as an effective way to complement traditional conservative treatment
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE KAZAKH VERSION OF THE “PROLAPSE QUALITY OF LIFE” (P-QOL) QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors:   “Astana Medical University” NpJSC, Astana, Kazakhstan, Iskakov S , Aitbayeva B , Dochshanova A , Shegenov G
Published: February 2023

The study aimed to create a Kazakh-language version of the P-QoL questionnaire based on relevant international requirements to determine its psychometric properties. Materials and methods. The Kazakh-language version of the P-QoL questionnaire was tested to determine its reliability, validity and sensitivity. A total of 126 respondents participated in the study, of which 66 respondents with various stages of genital prolapse (the main group) and 60 respondents made up the control(asymptomatic) group. Spearman’s correlation analyzed the reliability of “test” and “retest”. The internal consistency between the questions was assessed based on the results of the calculation of the Kronbach-α coefficient. The threshold value > 0.7 is determined acceptable. Results. The mean age was 56±6.01 years for the main group and 33±4.87 years for the control group. Cronbach’s α-coefficient exceeded 0.7 (range 0.77 – 0.97). The maximum significant correlations of reliability of “test” and “retest” (p < 0.001) were established. Conclusion. Assessment of QoL in patients with POP is an important part of a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment. The results obtained using the validated Kazakh P-QoL questionnaire will allow obtaining a reliable analysis of the data, which will make it possible to individualize the treatment program taking into account the characteristics of the population.
Productivity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) as affected by organic manure and varieties grown in Jos Plateau State. Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Crop Production, College of Agronomy, Joseph Sarwun Tarka, University Makurdi, Nigeria., P Madina , O. A Michael , , D. D Iyough
Published: February 2023

The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of organic manure and variety on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) grown in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The experiment is laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments used are organic manure sources (Poultry dropping, Cow dung, goat manure, dung site, and control), a varieties used where (Copenhagen and Gloria) and the spacing of 50cm by 50cm was adopted for the experiment. During the investigation, some physiological variables, such as growth, plant height and the number of leaves were measured. Other characteristics like dry weight, plant girth, root length, head diameter, head length and overall yield were also recorded. The results of the investigation revealed that cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) generally responded to nutrient sources. All the parameter studies have significantly (P ≤ 0.05) responded to the nutrient source with poultry dropping been superior in both growth and yield-related character such, as plant height (10.00), the number of leaves(20.11), dry weight (10.17), girth weight (48.22), root length (8.61), head diameter (15.40), head length (28.71) and yield (30.10). On verities Gloria out performed Copenhagen in both growth, yield and yield related characters such as plant height (9.45), the number of leaves(20.91), dry weight (10.92), girth weight (42.27), root length (10.23), head diameter (14.91), head length (31.71) and yield (32.22). Based on the results obtained it can be suggested that the use of poultry dropping which is better in both growth and yield characteristics will lead to optimum yield in cabbage cultivation in the study areas. Keywords: Cabbage, Organic nutrient and Variety