bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Under restrictive conditions, can the widths of linear enamel hypoplasias be used as relative indicators of stress episode duration?
Authors: Hubbard Amelia , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Sciulli Paul W.
Published: August 2008

Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), a type of enamel defect reflecting nonspecific physiological stress, has traditionally been used by bioarchaeologists to assess human health. Initially, measurements of defect width were used to estimate the duration of stress episodes. More recently, methods of counting within‐defect perikymata (enamel growth increments) were developed to more accurately assess duration. Because perikymata are often not continuously visible within defects, while widths can usually be measured, the primary purpose of this article was to determine if, under restrictive conditions, the widths of LEH defects might be used as relative indicators of stress episode duration. Using a set of dental replicas from the prehistoric Irene Mound (1150–1400 A.D.), this study also investigated potential sources of variation in defect widths and how often defect widths could be measured and within‐defect perikymata counted. Of 120 defects, only 47 contained both measurable defect widths and total within‐defect perikymata, while 79 had measurable defect widths. Regression analysis revealed that, for these 47 defects, defect widths were more strongly related to the total number of within‐defect perikymata than they were to crown region or tooth type. Although wide prediction intervals indicated that a defect's width could not be used to predict the number of within‐defect perikymata for an individual, narrower confidence intervals associated with hypothetical mean population widths suggested that mean defect widths might be used to rank populations in terms of relative average stress episode duration. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physicochemical studies of globular proteins—Bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, and lysozyme—In some aqueous iodide salts solutions of IA group and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide systems
Authors: Singh Man
Published: August 2008

Densities (ρ, kg m−3), and viscosities (η, 0.1 kg m−1 s−1) of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Egg Albumin, and Lysozyme in aqueous iodide salts of lithium, sodium, and potassium, along with cationic surfactant‐cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were measured at a temperature of 303.15 K. The 0.0010–0.0018 g %, w/v of each protein at an interval of 0.0002 mol L−1 in 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 millimol L−1 of salt and CTAB are studied. Data are used for apparent molar volumes (Vϕ, 10−6 m3 mol−1) and intrinsic viscosities ([η], dL kg−1), respectively. Data are regressed and extrapolated to zero concentrations for ρ0, η0, and $$V_{\phi}^{0} $$ limiting values and Sd, Sη and SV corresponding slopes for protein–salt structural interactions. With size of cations, the densities decrease as CTAB > LiI > NaI > KI and increase with salts concentrations, with salts the densities are as Lysozyme > BSA > Egg Albumin, viscosities and Vϕ as BSA > Egg–Albumin > Lysozyme. The ρ and η values with CTAB higher and [η] are lower and converse at around 0.4 mmol L−1 salt and is effective for greater stability of proteins. The [η] in CTAB are higher than other salts and decreases with size of cations with stronger intermolecular forces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes based on N1,N4‐bis[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]succinohydrazide hard segment
Authors: Raghu A. V. , Gadaginamath G. S. , Priya M. , Seema P. , Jeong Han Mo , Aminabhavi T. M.
Published: August 2008

This article deals with the synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes (PUs) by the reaction between two aromatic diisocyanates (4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and tolylene 2,4‐diisocyanate) and two aliphatic diisocyanates (isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate) with N1,N4‐bis[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]succinohydrazide, which acted as hard segment. UV–vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DSC/TGA analytical technique has been used to determine the structural characterization and thermal properties of the hard segmented PUs. X‐ray diffraction revealed that PUs contained semicrystalline and amorphous regions that varied depending upon the nature of the backbone structures. PUs were soluble in polar aprotic solvents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of chemical modifications on the thermal stability and degradation of banana fiber and banana fiber‐reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites
Authors: Joseph Seena , Sreekala M. S. , Thomas Sabu
Published: August 2008

Banana fiber has been modified by treatments with sodium hydroxide, silanes, cyanoethylation, heat treatment, and latex treatment and the thermal degradation behavior of the fiber was analyzed by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry analysis. Both treated and untreated fibers showed two‐stage decomposition. All the treatments were found to increase the thermal stability of the fiber due to the physical and chemical changes induced by the treatments. The thermal degradation of treated and untreated banana fiber‐reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites has also been analyzed. It was found that the thermal stability of the composites was much higher than that of fibers but they are less stable compared to neat PF resin matrix. Composite samples were found to have four‐stage degradation. The NaOH treated fiber‐reinforced composites have very good fiber/matrix adhesion and hence improvement in thermal stability is observed. Though both silane treatments increased the thermal stability of the composite the vinyl silane is found to be more effective. Heat treatment improves the crystallinity of the fiber and decreases the moisture content, hence an improved thermal stability. The latex treatment and cyanoethylation make the fiber surface hydrophobic, here also the composite is thermally more stable than untreated one. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Preparation and characterization of tapioca starch‐poly(lactic acid)‐Cloisite NA+ nanocomposite foams
Authors: Lee Siew‐Yoong , Hanna Milford A.
Published: August 2008

Tapioca starch, poly(lactic acid), and Cloisite NA+ nanocomposite foams, with four clay contents (1, 3, 5, 7, wt %), were prepared by melt‐intercalation method. Selected structural, thermal, physical, and mechanical properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and an Instron universal testing machine, respectively. XRD results indicated that the 1 wt % nanocomposite foam did not show the characteristic basal reflection of the nanoclay. The 3, 5, and 7 wt % nanocomposite foams produced a mixture of intercalated and tactoid structures. The d001‐spacing of 3, 5, 7 wt % nanocomposite foams produced increases of 11.40, 11.15, and 10.67 Å, respectively, compared to that of the pristine clay. The morphological study showed that the nanocomposite foams exhibited a noticeably reduced cell size, more compact cells, and increased cell density. Increasing clay content caused a decrease in melting temperature (Tm). Bulk spring index and bulk compressibility were influenced (P < 0.05) significantly with the addition of different amounts of clay. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites via noncovalent grafting with end‐functionalized polymers
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Park Ji Sun , Lim Bo Kyung , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: August 2008

Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites were fabricated with end‐functionalized polymers as dispersants. End‐functionalized polymers having amine or carboxylic acid were noncovalently grafted to multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). The functional groups of the polymers interacted with the defect sites of purified MWNTs through zwitterionic interactions or hydrogen bonding. This approach provided both an improved dispersion state of MWNTs in an organic solution and polymer matrix and good interfacial adhesion between MWNTs and a matrix. Physical properties, such as the electrical resistivity and mechanical strength, of polystyrene/MWNT nanocomposites were greatly improved through this simple noncovalent functionalization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analysis of PANI/PPy composite polymer electrode: Its application to electrochemical investigation of pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Tiwari D. C. , Jain Rajeev , Sharma Shraddha
Published: August 2008

The electrochemical preparation of polyaniline/polypyrrole (PANI/PPy) conducting polymer composite film on Tin oxide glass electrode from an aqueous solution containing a pyrrole monomer, p‐toluenesulphonate electrolyte on to a polyaniline polymer doped with sulfuric acid, and sodium perchlorate is reported. The prepared PANI/PPy composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Optical band gaps of these films were evaluated from UV–vis absorption studies. The optical band gap measurements of both direct and indirect allowed transition, showed a dual band gap for composite film. This type of dual band gaps for a composite polymer film was reported for the first time. The FTIR and UV–vis study showed the composite of PANI/PPy formed through the bond formation between PANI‐PPY and dopant anions. Scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed the formation of composite with increased particle size. The TGA results showed that PANI/PPy polymer composite film was thermally stable than either PANI or PPy films. This PANI/PPy composite polymer electrode was used for cyclic voltammetric investigation of cefpodoxime proxetil drug in pharmaceutical formulation. The cyclic voltammetric data of composite electrode for cefpodoxime proxetil drug are compared with glassy carbon electrode. The current obtained on polymer electrode was around three time than that of glassy carbon electrode. The voltagramm also showed two reduction peaks C1 (∼57 μA) and C2 (∼70.0 μA) at potentials 1.2 and 1.6 V, respectively, at concentration 1 mM, which are absent for glassy carbon electrode. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Formation of silver nanoparticles created in situ in an amphiphilic block copolymer film
Authors: Park Jung Tae , Koh Joo Hwan , Lee Kyung Ju , Seo Jin Ah , Min Byoung Ryul , Kim Jong Hak
Published: August 2008

In this work, silver nanoparticles were synthesized with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene‐block‐poly(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PS‐b‐PVP), as a template film. First, microphase‐separated amphiphilic PS‐b‐PVP (70 : 30 wt %) was synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization. The self‐assembled block copolymer film was used to template the growth of silver nanoparticles by the introduction of a silver trifluoromethanesulfonate precursor and an ultraviolet irradiation process. The in
situ formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 4–6 nm within the block copolymer template film was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also demonstrated the selective incorporation and in
situ formation of silver nanoparticles within the hydrophilic poly(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) domains, which were mostly due to the stronger interaction strength of the silver with the carbonyl oxygens of poly(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) in the block copolymer. This work provides a simple route for the in
situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles within a polymer film. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Investigation of the ultradrawing properties of gel spun fibers of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/carbon nanotube blends
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Lin Shui‐Chuan , Chen Kan‐Nan , Huang Kuo‐Shien
Published: August 2008

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) contents, ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) concentrations and temperatures of UHMWPE, and CNTs added gel solutions exhibited significant influence on their rheological and spinning properties and the drawability of the corresponding UHMWPE/CNTs as‐prepared fibers. Tremendously high shear viscosities (ηs) of UHMWPE gel solutions were found as the temperatures reached 140°C, at which their ηs values approached the maximum. After adding CNTs, the ηs values of UHMWPE/CNTs gel solutions increase significantly and reach a maximum value as the CNTs contents increase up to a specific value. At each spinning temperature, the achievable draw ratios obtained for UHMWPE as‐prepared fibers prepared near the optimum concentration are significantly higher than those of UHMWPE as‐prepared fibers prepared at other concentrations. After addition of CNTs, the achievable draw ratios of UHMWPE/CNTs as‐prepared fibers prepared near the optimum concentration improve consistently and reach a maximum value as their CNTs contents increase up to an optimum value. To understand these interesting drawing properties of the UHMWPE and UHMWPE/CNTs as‐prepared fibers, the birefringence, thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of the as‐prepared and drawn fibers were investigated. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting properties are proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Solubility of alkanes in a polystyrene matrix
Authors: Bernardo Gabriel , Vesely Drahosh
Published: August 2008

The solubilities of seven alkanes in a matrix of uncrosslinked polystyrene were measured at several different temperatures. A gravimetric method reported earlier was used to monitor the sorption of the solvents. The experimental measurements showed unambiguously that the solubility of the alkanes diffusing into a polystyrene matrix reached a constant and reproducible value typical for each system and temperature. These values could be interpreted very well with the Flory–Huggins solubility parameter (χ = a(entropic contribution to x) + b(enthalpic contribution to x)/T[absolute temperature in Kelvin (K)]) or with the van't Hoff equation (ln KS = ΔS/R(gas constant) − ΔH/RT, where KS is the equilibrium constant, ΔS is the entropy change, and ΔH is the enthalpy change). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Solubility and phase separation of poly(L,D‐lactide) copolymers
Authors: Rissanen Marja , Puolakka Arja , Nousiainen Pertti , Kellomäki Minna , Ellä Ville
Published: August 2008

In this study, the solubility and precipitation properties of medical‐grade stereocopolymers were investigated. The solubility of the polymers was tested with eight different organic solvents and four nonsolvents. The solubility of poly(L,D‐lactide) stereocopolymers was highly dependent on the L/D ratio of the copolymer. The phase‐separation ability was tested by cloud‐point titration with a solvent and a nonsolvent. The solvent was in all cases dichloromethane, and the nonsolvents were n‐hexane, methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. The results showed that n‐hexane was the most efficient nonsolvent. Methanol and ethanol showed quite similar precipitation properties. Isopropyl alcohol was the least efficient nonsolvent of those studied. Also, the L/D ratio of the copolymer had an effect on the precipitation properties. The precipitation happened most easily when the L content was high. The molecular weight of the copolymer had only a slight effect on the phase separation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal studies of polyamides and polyimides containing two silarylene units in the main chain
Authors: Tagle L. H. , Terraza C. A. , Leiva A. , Devilat F.
Published: August 2008

Polyamides (PAs) and polyimides (PIs) containing two silarylene units were synthesized and characterized by their spectroscopic properties. Bis(4‐aminophenyl)methylphenylsilane was employed as a unique diamine, whereas acid dichloride and dianhydride monomers contained combinations of methyl and phenyl groups bonded to the silicon atom. The PAs were obtained in dimethylformamide solutions, and the PIs were prepared by thermal cyclization of the respective poly(amic acid)s (PAAs). The yields were low (32–51%), and the inherent viscosities for PAAs were slightly higher than the PA values. The low inherent viscosities were indicative of oligomeric species. The thermal stability was also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. In both series, the glass‐transition temperatures increased with the replacement of methyl groups by aromatic rings according to the lower mobility of the polymeric chain. On the other hand, an increase in the aromatic content also increased the thermal stability of the PAs and PIs, and this was registered through their thermal decomposition temperatures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Gründung von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen – Entscheidungshilfen für Entwurf und Bemessung
Authors: Lesny Kerstin
Published: August 2008

Von den Investitionskosten eines Offshore‐Windparks entfallen rd. 25% für Herstellung und Installation der Gründungsstrukturen, da die Gründung für die jeweiligen Standortbedingungen innerhalb des Parks ausgelegt werden muss und eine Vorfertigung an Land nur begrenzt möglich ist. Die Entwicklung sicherer aber zugleich wirtschaftlicher Gründungsalternativen ist daher von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene aus dem Offshore‐Ingenieurwesen übernommene Gründungskonzepte in einem Systemvergleich einander gegenübergestellt und die Gründungswahl für die vorhandenen Randbedingungen in Nord‐ und Ostsee diskutiert. Danach kommt nicht jede Gründungsvariante für jeden Standort gleichermaßen in Frage. Maßgebliches Kriterium ist vor allem die Baugrundsituation vor Ort, aber auch der damit verbundene Aufwand für Herstellung und Installation.
EMS‐WSV – Ein Erhaltungsmanagementsystem für Verkehrswasserbauwerke
Authors: Kühni Katrin , Bödefeld Jörg , Kunz Claus
Published: August 2008

Das Bundeswasserstraßennetz in Deutschland hat einschließlich der dazugehörigen Infrastrukturbauwerke wie z. B. Schleusen, Wehre, Düker, Kanalbrücken, Brücken und Leuchttürme, ein Anlagevermögen von rund 40 Mrd. €. Die Altersstruktur der Verkehrswasserbauwerke wird zunehmend ungünstiger. Bei Schleusen sind mehr als 35% der Bauwerke älter als 80 Jahre, sie haben also ihre bisher vorgesehene Nutzungsdauer überschritten. Voraussetzung für eine technisch sinnvolle und wirtschaftliche Instandhaltung der Ingenieurbauwerke ist ein IT‐gestütztes Erhaltungsmanagementsystem (EMS), basierend auf regelmäßigen Bauwerksinspektionen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Vorgehensweise der Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung (WSV) im Rahmen der Inspektion der bundeseigenen Verkehrswasserbauwerke und gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Entwicklung eines Erhaltungsmanagementsystems, das von der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) erarbeitet wird.
Numerische Untersuchungen zur Pfropfenbildung in offenen Profilen in Abhängigkeit des Einbringverfahrens
Authors: Henke Sascha , Grabe Jürgen
Published: August 2008

Bei der Rammung von offenen Profilen, wie z. B. Rohrprofile, kann sich der Boden im Innern des Profils verspannen und schließlich einen Pfropfen bilden. Dieser Effekt ist für das Einbringen eher hinderlich, jedoch für die Abtragung von Axiallasten nützlich. Es ist aber bislang schwierig vorherzusagen, ob sich in einem gerammten Profil tatsächlich eine Verspannung bzw. ein Pfropfen bildet und wie groß dieser dann ist. Es liegen hierfür lediglich wenige experimentelle Daten vor. In diesem Beitrag werden numerische Untersuchungen vorgestellt, bei denen die Rammung von offenen Stahlbau‐ und Rohrprofilen numerisch untersucht wird. Anhand der horizontalen Spannungen und der Porenzahlverteilung innerhalb der Profile sind Rückschlüsse auf die Neigung der Profile zur Pfropfenbildung in Abhängigkeit des Rammverfahrens möglich. Zudem können anhand der numerischen Ergebnisse vertiefte Kenntnisse über die Mechanismen, die zu einer Pfropfenbildung führen oder diese verhindern, gewonnen werden.
The effect of heating rate onEscherichia colimetabolism, physiological stress, transcriptional response, and production of temperature‐induced recombinant protein: A scale‐down study
Authors: Caspeta Luis , Flores Noemí , Pérez Néstor O. , Bolívar Francisco , Ramírez Octavio T.
Published: August 2008

At the laboratory scale, sudden step increases from 30 to 42°C can be readily accomplished when expressing heterologous proteins in heat‐inducible systems. However, for large scale‐cultures only slow ramp‐type increases in temperature are possible due to heat transfer limitations, where the heating rate decreases as the scale increases. In this work, the transcriptional and metabolic responses of a recombinantEscherichia colistrain to temperature‐induced synthesis of pre‐proinsulin in high cell density cultures were examined at different heating rates. Heating rates of 6, 1.7, 0.8, and 0.4°C/min were tested in a scale‐down approach to mimic fermentors of 0.1, 5, 20, and 100 m3, respectively. The highest yield and concentration of recombinant protein was obtained for the slowest heating rate. As the heating rate increased, the yield and maximum recombinant protein concentration decreased, whereas a larger fraction of carbon skeletons was lost as acetate, lactate, and formate. Compared to 30°C, the mRNA levels of selected heat‐shock genes at 38 and 42°C, as quantified by qRT‐PCR, increased between 2‐ to over 42‐fold when cultures were induced at 6, 1.7, and 0.8°C/min, but no increase was observed at 0.4°C/min. Only small increases (between 1.5‐ and 4‐fold) in the expression of the stress genesspoTandrelAwere observed at 42°C for cultures induced at 1.7 and 6°C/min, suggesting that cells subjected to slow temperature increases can adapt to stress. mRNA levels of genes from the transcription–translation machinery (tufB,rpoA, andtig) decreased between 40% and 80% at 6, 1.7 and 0.8°C/min, whereas a transient increase occurred for 0.4°C/min at 42°C. mRNA levels of the gene coding for pre‐proinsulin showed a similar profile to transcripts of heat‐shock genes, reflecting a probable analogous induction mechanism. Altogether, the results obtained indicate that slow heating rates, such as those likely to occur in conventional large‐scale fermentors, favored heterologous protein synthesis by the thermo‐inducible expression system used in this report. Knowledge of the effect of heating rate on bacterial physiology and product formation is useful for the rational design of scale‐down and scale‐up strategies and optimum recombinant protein induction schemes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 468–482. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative characterization of virus‐like particles by asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation, electrospray differential mobility analysis, and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Pease Leonard F. , Lipin Daniel I. , Tsai De‐Hao , Zachariah Michael R. , Lua Linda H.L. , Tarlov Michael J. , Middelberg Anton P.J.
Published: August 2008

Here we characterize virus‐like particles (VLPs) by three very distinct, orthogonal, and quantitative techniques: electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES‐DMA), asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation with multi‐angle light scattering detection (AFFFF‐MALS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). VLPs are biomolecular particles assembled from viral proteins with applications ranging from synthetic vaccines to vectors for delivery of gene and drug therapies. VLPs may have polydispersed, multimodal size distributions, where the size distribution can be altered by subtle changes in the production process. These three techniques detect subtle size differences in VLPs derived from the non‐enveloped murine polyomavirus (MPV) following: (i) functionalization of the surface of VLPs with an influenza viral peptide fragment; (ii) packaging of foreign protein internally within the VLPs; and (iii) packaging of genomic DNA internally within the VLPs. These results demonstrate that ES‐DMA and AFFFF‐MALS are able to quantitatively determine VLP size distributions with greater rapidity and statistical significance than TEM, providing useful technologies for product development and process analytics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 102: 845–855. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombinant mussel adhesive protein as a gene delivery material
Authors: Hwang Dong Soo , Kim Kyoung Ro , Lim Seonghye , Choi Yoo Seong , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: August 2008

Efficient target gene delivery into eukaryotic cells is important for biotechnological research and gene therapy. Gene delivery based on proteins, including histones, has recently emerged as a powerful non‐viral DNA transfer technique. Here, we investigated the potential use of a recombinant mussel adhesive protein, hybrid fp‐151, as a gene delivery material, in view of its similar basic amino acid composition to histone proteins, and cost‐effective and high‐level production in Escherichia coli. After confirming DNA binding affinity, we transfected mammalian cells (human 293T and mouse NIH/3T3) with foreign genes using hybrid fp‐151 as the gene delivery carrier. Hybrid fp‐151 displayed comparable transfection efficiency in both mammalian cell lines, compared to the widely used transfection agent, Lipofectamine™ 2000. Our results indicate that this mussel adhesive protein may be used as a potential protein‐based gene‐transfer mediator. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 616–623. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasminogen activator, but not systemic antibiotic therapy, prevents abscess formation in an experimental model of secondary peritonitis
Authors: Buyne O R , Bleichrodt R P , van Goor H , Verweij P E , Hendriks T
Published: August 2008

Background

Intra-abdominal abscesses are sources of recurrent or ongoing abdominal sepsis. They are an important target for prevention and treatment during or after surgical treatment of peritonitis. Experimental data suggest that fibrinolytic therapy may be effective when antibiotics are not.

Methods

Peritonitis was induced via intra-abdominal injection of a faeces and bacteria mixture in male Wistar rats. Surgical debridement was performed after 1 h. Next to untreated controls, animals were treated with antibiotics (ceftriaxone plus metronidazole), recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) or both. Abdominal fluid samples were taken at 24, 72 and 120 h for interleukin 6, interleukin 10 and tumour necrosis factor α measurements and cell counts. After 5 days the abdomen was inspected for the presence of abscesses.

Results

Antibiotics did not significantly affect abscess formation. However, giving rtPA significantly reduced the number of rats with abscesses and the abscess load per rat, both in the absence and presence of concomitant antibiotic therapy. No adverse side-effects were observed and no meaningful differences in the local inflammatory response were found.

Conclusion

In this rat model, rtPA consistently reduced abscess formation after surgical treatment of secondary peritonitis. It therefore represents a promising adjuvant to conventional therapy.
Developing programming tools to reach a deeper understanding of advanced programming concepts
Authors: Licea Guillermo , Juárez J. Reyes , Martínez Luis G. , Aguilar Leocundo
Published: August 2008

This article describes the experience and results obtained teaching non‐common Java features, in advanced undergraduate object‐oriented programming courses. The teaching approach proposed helps students to reach a deeper level of programming expertise, while accomplishing specific assignments that integrate a class framework that supports implementation of medium size client–server applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16: 305–314, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20127
Reye's and Reye's‐like syndromes
Authors: Pugliese Agostino , Beltramo Tiziana , Torre Donato
Published: August 2008

The review reports various questions about Reye's syndrome and Reye's‐like syndromes. Although there is a significant decrease in the classic Reye's syndrome cases, because of the reduced employment of salicylates in children (salicylate seems to be the most important inducing factor of the syndrome in paediatric subjects affected by viral infection), the problem is still of interest considering the presence of different Reye's‐like forms. All these pathological situations are associated with various aetiologic or predisposing causes that are examined in the text. Particular attention is placed on metabolic disorders, especially of fatty acid metabolism, and also of one amino acid. In fact, a latent form can also be the basis of possible biochemical disturbances induced by various exogenous factors such as viral infections, particularly of the respiratory tract (more rarely of bacterial aetiology), or produced by microbial toxins, or by chemical substances, including some therapeutic drugs. A full discussion of biochemical mechanisms of salicylate‐induced Reye's syndrome is reported. Finally a possible diagnostic differentiation from classic Reye's syndrome and Reye's‐like syndromes plus therapeutic prospects are briefly examined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypnosis to manage distress related to medical procedures: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Schnur Julie B. , Kafer Ilana , Marcus Carolyn , Montgomery Guy H.
Published: August 2008

This meta‐analysis evaluates the effect of hypnosis in reducing emotional distress associated with medical procedures. PsycINFO and PubMed were searched from their inception through February 2008. Randomized controlled trials of hypnosis interventions, administered in the context of clinical medical procedures, with a distress outcome, were included in the meta‐analysis (26 of 61 papers initially reviewed). Information on sample size, study methodology, participant age and outcomes were abstracted independently by 2 authors using a standardized form. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Effects from the 26 trials were based on 2342 participants. Results indicated an overall large effect size (ES) of 0.88 (95% CI = 0.57–1.19) in favour of hypnosis. Effect sizes differed significantly (p < 0.01) according to age (children benefitted to a greater extent than adults) and method of hypnosis delivery, but did not differ based on the control condition used (standard care vs. attention control). Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why do Cationic Hydridoiridium(III) Complexes with β‐Aminophosphane Ligands Favour the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones over the Direct “H2‐Hydrogenation”?—A Computational Approach
Authors: Puchta Ralph , Dahlenburg Lutz , Clark Timothy
Published: August 2008

Density functional theory and ab initio molecular orbital calculations show that the observed inability of cationic hydridoiridium(III) complexes with β‐aminophosphane ligands to catalyse the direct hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds with dihydrogen (“H2‐hydrogenation”) in contrast to their ruthenium(II) equivalents is due to the inability of H2 to displace a coordinated solvent molecule from an intermediate hydrido complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Polymorphism Studies in Amine‐Templated Open‐Framework Zinc Phosphites.
Authors: Mandal Sukhendu , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Lanthanum Dodecahydro‐closo‐Dodecaborate Hydrate [La(H2O)9]2 [B12H12]3×15H2O (I) and Its Oxonium‐Chloride Derivative [La(H2O)9](H3O)Cl2 [B12H12]×H2O (II).
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of La9.33Si6O26 Ultrafine Powder via Sol—Gel Self‐Combustion Method.
Authors: Tian Changan , Liu Junliang , Cai Jun , Zeng Yanwei
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the First Ternary Zirconium Borate β‐ZrB2O5.
Authors: Knyrim Johanna S. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetism of the New Oxysulfide Ce3NbO4S3.
Authors: Altmannshofer Sandra , Johrendt Dirk
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Thermal Expansion and Magnetic Properties of New Compound Dy1.2Fe4Si9.8.
Authors: He Wei , Zeng Lingmin , Huang Jinli , Zhang Jiliang
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Scope of Ru(OH)x/Al2O3‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Transfer Reactions: An Application to Reduction of Allylic Alcohols by a Sequential Process of Isomerization/Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley‐Type Reduction.
Authors: Kim Jung Won , Koike Takeshi , Kotani Miyuki , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Chloropyrimidines via Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Dechlorination of 2,4‐Dichloropyrimidines in the Presence of NaHCO3.
Authors: Zhang Yang‐Ming , Gu Min , Ma Hui , Tang Jie , Lu Wei , Nan Fa‐Jun
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for the Preparation of Pyridinium and Imidazolium Salts Based on the Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Petit Sylvain , Azzouz Rabah , Fruit Corinne , Bischoff Laurent , Marsais Francis
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Alkyl Purine and Pyrimidine Derivatives from Alcohols Using TsIm: A Rapid Entry into Carboacyclic Nucleoside Synthesis.
Authors: Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Behrouz Somayeh , Faghihi Mohammad Ali , Zare Abdolkarim , Parhami Abolfath
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Aldol‐Type Reaction of β‐Ketoesters with Acetals.
Authors: Umebayashi Natsuko , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Hashizume Daisuke , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Metathesis at Room Temperature within Nanometer Micelles Using Water as the only Solvent.
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H. , Ghorai Subir , Aguinaldo Grant T.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper p‐Toluenesulfonate/Acetic Acid: A Recyclable Synergistic Catalytic System for the Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols.
Authors: Wang Min , Song Zhi‐Guo , Jiang Heng , Gong Hong
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Functionalized Alkylmagnesium Derivatives Using an I/Mg‐Exchange.
Authors: Rauhut Christian B. , Vu Viet Anh , Fleming Fraser F. , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetranitromethane as an Efficient Reagent for the Conversion of Epoxides into β‐Hydroxy Nitrates.
Authors: Volkova Yuliya A. , Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Averina Elena B. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Three‐Component Hosomi—Sakurai Reactions.
Authors: Kampen Daniela , Ladepeche Arnaud , Classen Gerrit , List Benjamin
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: SmI2‐Promoted Reformatsky‐Type Coupling Reactions in Exceptionally Hindered Contexts.
Authors: Sparling Brian A. , Moslin Ryan M. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Highly Functionalized Diazoacetoacetates via Catalytic Mukaiyama—Michael Reactions.
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Yu , Jee Noel , Doyle Michael P.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of [1,6′]Biazulenyl Compounds.
Authors: Razus Alexandru C. , Pavel Claudia , Lehadus Oana , Nica Simona , Birzan Liviu
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Allylation of Allyl Carbonates with Homoallyl Alcohols via Retro‐Allylation Providing 1,5‐Hexadienes.
Authors: Sumida Yuto , Hayashi Sayuri , Hirano Koji , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Selective, and Green: Catalyst Tuning for Highly Enantioselective Reactions of Ethylene.
Authors: Smith Craig R. , RajanBabu T. V.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*Li as a Base: Application to Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl‐X or Alkenyl‐X (X: I, Br, OTf, ONf) with Terminal Acetylenes.
Authors: Uemura Minoru , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction Using Chiral Bifunctional Phosphine Amides as Catalysts.
Authors: Qi Ming‐Juan , Ai Teng , Shi Min , Li Guigen
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Propargylic Amination.
Authors: Detz Remko J. , Delville Marielle M. E. , Hiemstra Henk , van Maarseveen Jan H.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Propargylic Substitution Reactions of Propargylic Acetates with Amines.
Authors: Hattori Gaku , Matsuzawa Hiroshi , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich Bases as Synthetic Intermediates: Alkylation of Amines and Diamines with Bis‐ketonic Mannich Bases.
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M. , Hammouda Metwally , Khalifa Mona M. , Al‐shahaby Essam H.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes with Carbon Nanofiber‐Supported Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles.
Authors: Takasaki Mikihiro , Motoyama Yukihiro , Higashi Kenji , Yoon Seong‐Ho , Mochida Isao , Nagashima Hideo
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Resorcins by Cyclization of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3,3‐Dimethoxypentanoyl Chloride.
Authors: Sher Muhammad , Langer Peter
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Chiral Lewis Basic Metal‐Free Catalysts for Stereoselective Allylations of Aldehydes.
Authors: Simonini Valentina , Benaglia Maurizio , Pignataro Luca , Guizzetti Stefania , Celentano Guiseppe
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct α‐Oxytosylation of Ketones by Using Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents.
Authors: Sakurai Naoto , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted (E)‐Iodoalkenes by Indium‐Catalyzed syn‐Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to 1‐Iodoalkynes.
Authors: Tsuji Hayato , Fujimoto Taisuke , Endo Kohei , Nakamura Masaharu , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Iminonitriles by IBX/TBAB‐Mediated Oxidative Strecker Reaction
Authors: Fontaine Patrice , Chiaroni Angele , Masson Geraldine , Zhu Jieping
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.