bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polypharmacological drug design opportunities against Parkinson's disease
Authors: Garcia-Romero Ezra Michelet , López-López Edgar , Soriano-Correa Catalina , Medina-Franco José L. , Barrientos-Salcedo Carolina
Published: October 2022

Background: Parkinson's disease is an attractive disease model to extend research towards a better understanding of the interrelationship between genes and the environment (exposome) therefore is an ideal model for a polypharmacological approach due to its clinical heterogeneity.

Methods: In this paper, we present a series of polypharmacological chemical scaffolds extracted from ChEMBL 30 Database, with two or more targets of PD-related proteins obtained through chemoinformatics methods. This way, we describe the first adaptation of the Dual Activity Difference (DAD) map that allows the direct identification of "dual activity cliffs".

Results: We identified 25 antiparkinson small molecules whose pharmacological targets are directed to dopaminergic and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 2 small molecules with three pharmacological targets with norepinephrine transporter, dopaminergic D1-D2 and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 6 with both targets norepinephrine transporter and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 2 small molecules with norepinephrine transporter and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors and 1 with both adenosine A2a and Dopamine D1-D5 receptors.

Conclusion: Chemoinformatics methods identified 36 polypharmacological chemical scaffolds related to Parkinson's disease. Demonstrating that the design of polypharmacological drugs is an opportunity in PD.
The contradictory effects of coffee intake on periodontal health: a systematic review
Authors: Bramantoro Taufan , Zulfiana Amalia Ayu , Amir Muhammad Subhan , Irmalia Wahyuning Ratih , Mohd Nor Nor Azlida , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Krismariono Agung
Published: October 2022

Background: Drinking coffee is known to have both positive and negative aftermath on periodontal health. The current study is aiming to systematically review the impact of coffee consumption on periodontal health status. Methods: An article search was carried out in two electronic databases (PUBMED and Web of Sciences). The assessment of the included articles were conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Result: A total of 10 articles were included in this study. Most (5) of the studies discovered a negative correlation between coffee intake and periodontal health, while 4 other studies found the protective effect of daily coffee consumption against alveolar bone loss. Last, only one study found that coffee intake did not relate with periodontitis. Conclusion: The effect of coffee consumption on periodontal health was fragmented since coffee has complex components that may give either beneficial effects or negative impact on periodontal health.
Knowledge and attitude of the people in San Juan de Miraflores towards the disposal of medicines
Authors: Esteves Pairazaman Ambrocio Teodoro , Parren̈o Tipian Juan Manuel , Ramos Jaco Antonio Guillermo , Lujȧn Orbegȯn Taylor Anthony , Manami Manami Noemi Eva , Trujillo Roman Ramiro Ismael , Caballero Garcia Manuel Jaime , Salazar Lopez Juan Carlos , Huarcaya Laura Ana Lourdes
Published: October 2022

Background: Medicines that are expired or deteriorated within a household must be disposed of in an effective and environmentally friendly manner, to the point that they do not end up being a risk to the community and the environment. To do this, the members of Peruvian households must have the knowledge and the appropriate attitude, together with the necessary tools for the effective disposal of these drugs. For this reason, the research objective is as follows: to evaluates the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes on how to dispose of medicines in households in the district of San Juan de Miraflores.

Methods: Hypothetical-deductive, quantitative approach, applied type and non-experimental, observational design, for which 385 households in the district of San Juan de Miraflores were surveyed.

Results: 48.3% of the respondents have an average level of knowledge of how to dispose of medicines. 93.2% of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the disposal of medicines, and there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude towards the disposal of medicines (P-value = 0.000).

Conclusions: Increased knowledge is associated with a better attitude to the disposal of medicines.
Seroprevalence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats and its relationship with COVID-19 cases in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo Hernández Dumar Alexander , Chacón María Clara , Velásquez María Alejandra , Vásquez-Trujillo Adolfo , Sánchez Ana Patricia , Salazar Garces Luis Fabian , García Gina Lorena , Velasco-Santamaría Yohana María , Pedraza Luz Natalia , Lesmes-Rodríguez Lida Carolina
Published: October 2022

Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, different animal species have been implicated as possible intermediate hosts that could facilitate the transmission of the virus between species. The detection of these hosts has intensified, reporting wild, zoo, farm, and pet animals. The goal of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG) in domestic dogs and cats and its epidemiological association with the frequency of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Villavicencio, Colombia.

Methods: 300 dogs and 135 cats were randomly selected in a two-stage distribution by clusters according to COVID-19 cases (positive RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2) within the human population distributed within the eight communes of Villavicencio. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was applied in order to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in sera samples. Kernel density estimation was used to compare the prevalence of COVID-19 cases with the seropositivity of dogs and cats.

Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 4.6% (95% CI=3.2-7.4). In canines, 3.67% (95% CI=2.1-6.4) and felines 6.67% (95% CI=3.6-12.18). Kernel density estimation indicated that seropositive cases were concentrated in the southwest region of the city. There was a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in pet animals and their habitat in Commune 2 (adjusted OR=5.84; 95% CI=1.1-30.88). Spearman's correlation coefficients were weakly positive (p=0.32) between the ratio of COVID-19 cases in November 2020 and the results for domestic dogs and cats from the eight communes of Villavicencio.

Conclusions: In the present research cats were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than dogs. This study provides the first positive results of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA serological tests in domestic dogs and cats in Colombia with information about the virus transmission dynamics in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cross-sectional data on stablecoin characteristics
Authors: Włosik Katarzyna , Łęt Blanka , Sobański Konrad , Świder Wojciech
Published: October 2022

The article presents a dataset on the characteristics of stablecoins. Stablecoins represent a relatively young but increasingly important branch of the cryptocurrency market. Although they all share the same goal of maintaining a stable value in the digital market, they form a highly heterogeneous group. They differ in terms of collateral and stabilization mechanism, peg, availability of the technical documentation, presence on crypto exchanges or age. The dataset is cross-sectional and was created based on internet research. Individual information was collected from websites of the stablecoin projects and a crypto-data aggregator, and to a lesser extent from other auxiliary sources (websites related to finance and cryptocurrencies). The dataset is unique as there are no publicly available databases encompassing the features of stablecoins. It can be used in all stablecoin-related analyses to characterise the examined coins and to investigate the relationship between cryptocurrency market developments and stablecoin features.
Clinical equivalence of Trusynth fast® and Vicryl rapide® polyglactin 910 fast absorbing sutures on maternal morbidity experienced by women following episiotomy repair: a single-blind, randomized study
Authors: Hemalatha Devi Dongabanti , Bolanthakodi Chethana , D’Cunha Prema , Bheema Bai Mudiki , Kumar Moharana Ashok , TS Deepak
Published: October 2022

Background: Episiotomy procedure enlarges the vaginal outlet to facilitate childbirth. Polyglactin 910 fast-absorbing sutures are widely used for the repair of episiotomy because of their rapid absorption and less inflammatory response. This study was designed for subjective assessment of perineal pain post-episiotomy repair, with Trusynth Fast® and Vicryl Rapide® polyglactin 910 fast-absorbing sutures.

Method: This was a single-blind, randomized, prospective study conducted between January 7, 2021 and July 14, 2021 across two centers in India. Primiparous or multiparous women (18—40 years), who required episiotomy during vaginal delivery were included, and either Trusynth Fast® (n=47) or Vicryl Rapide® (n=49) suture was used for their episiotomy repair. The primary endpoint, perineal pain was assessed with visual analogue scale at all follow-up visits. The secondary endpoints, quantity of local anesthesia, number of sutures used, time to repair episiotomy, intraoperative suture handling, analgesics used, early and late wound complications, wound re-suturing, time to complete healing, presence of residual sutures, return to sexual activity, dyspareunia, and adverse events were also recorded.

Results: The study showed no significant difference in perineal pain between the two groups at any visit. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in total score of episiotomy healing scale on day 2 (0.13±0.34 versus 0.35±0.56) and swelling on day 2 (8.51 versusversus 28.57%) was noted between Trusynth Fast® and Vicryl Rapide® group. Non-significant difference was observed between the groups regarding anesthesia, number of sutures, time to repair episiotomy, intraoperative suture handling, analgesics, puerperal fever, wound infection, dehiscence, hematoma, urinary incontinence, re-suturing, time to complete healing, return to sexual activity and dyspareunia.

Conclusion: Trusynth Fast® suture is clinically equivalent to Vicryl Rapide® suture and can be used for episiotomy repair with minimal risk of perineal pain and wound complications.

Clinical Trials Registry of India Registration: CTRI/2020/12/029925; Registered on December 18, 2020
Evaluation of clinical, histology, TNF-α, and collagen expressions on oral ulcer in rats after treatment with areca nut and chrysanthemum oral gel
Authors: Meutia Sari Liza , Mubarak Zaki , Keumala Sari Dina
Published: October 2022

Background: Areca nut (Areca catechu Linn.) is the seed of the fruit of the oriental palm that is commonly used among Southeast Asian communities. Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora) is a flowering plant originating from East Asia and dominantly grows in China. Both of these plants have strong antioxidant activities. To investigate the mechanism of their wound healing activities, we prepared areca nut and chrysanthemum polyethylene oral gel and performed several in vivo assays using Sprague–Dawley rats.

Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Negative control group (rats with base gel treatment), positive control group (rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide), F1 (treatment with 20% areca nut:80% chrysanthemum), F2 (treatment with 50% areca nut:50% chrysanthemum), and F3 (treatment with 80% areca nut:20% chrysanthemum). Traumatic ulcers were performed on the buccal mucosa of all experimental animals that received topical oral gel and triamcinolone acetonide twice a day for seven days. The clinical and histological characteristics were analyzed and scored.

Results: During the six days, the ulcerated area receded linearly over time and was completely cicatrized in F2, F3, and positive control group (Dependent t-test, p<0.05). There were significant increases in body weight in F2 and positive control groups. There were no significant differences between groups in histology examination (Kruskal Wallis test, p<0.05). The moderate score of TNF-α levels was seen in F2 and positive control groups (ANOVA/Tukey test, p<0.05). In the collagenases assay, a high concentration of areca nut (F3) induced the abundance of collagen during the ulcer healing process.

Conclusions: The combination of areca nut and chrysanthemum extract in the oral gel can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in Sprague-Dawley rats through the increase of TNF-α and collagen deposition.
O acto final? Jornalismo Português de Cinema em tempos pandémicos.
Authors: Lourenço Jaime
Published: October 2022

O Jornalismo de Cinema deve ser entendido como um campo particular do jornalismo cultural, que se assume enquanto prática jornalística centrada na atividade cultural e artística, que marcou o século XX e insiste em continuar no século XXI: o cinema. Encarado como subgénero do jornalismo cultural, o Jornalismo de Cinema assume-se como um campo de sentido informativo, crítico e pedagógico. Com este artigo, procuramos perceber as transformações que a pandemia trouxe ao jornalismo português de cinema e compreender as transformações que ocorreram nesta especialização jornalística durante dois meses da pandemia (Junho e Julho de 2020) nos media portugueses de forma a entender as alterações que o jornalismo de cinema atravessou. Aplicamos uma análise de conteúdo aos principais jornais portugueses (versão impressa e online): Público, Diário de Notícias, Jornal de Notícias, Correio da Manhã, Observador e Expresso, e programas de rádio e televisão informativos dedicados exclusivamente ao cinema: os programas de televisão Cinebox (TVI24), Janela Indiscreta (RTP) e Cartaz Cinema (SIC Notícias) e os programas de rádio Cinemax (Antena1) e A Grande Ilusão (Antena2). Concluímos que esta especialização jornalística em Portugal ficou bastante fragilizada durante os meses analisados com um empobrecimento temático e de formatos que resulta de estratégias editoriais que abdicaram de cobrir o cinema, em alguns casos por completo.
Sensaciones y recuerdos: de qué están hechas las imitaciones políticas de Polònia de TV3.
Authors: Álvarez Fuentes Mario
Published: October 2022

Este artículo describe las principales características del proceso creativo de la imitación satírica de políticos y políticas. Los datos presentados se basan en 29 entrevistas en profundidad con miembros del equipo creativo del programa de televisión, Polònia, que desde 2006 se transmite semanalmente por la cadena pública catalana, TV3. Los artistas describen su trabajo de creación de personajes como una experiencia sensorial que es mediada por recuerdos de su memoria afectiva. Cuando se aproximan al político que deben imitar, actrices y actores buscan capturar las sensaciones físicas que esa observación ocasiona en sus cuerpos. Luego, conectan esas sensaciones con experiencias afectivas que se manifiestan en recuerdos familiares, estereotipos sociales, personajes de cultura popular, entre otros referentes. Un personaje de imitación política no es una copia del original, sino el ensamblaje de las sensaciones y recuerdos que estos políticos les inspiran a estos artistas. Esta forma de caracterizar el trabajo creativo de los imitadores resulta una novedad para la investigación en la comunicación política. Los estudios sobre humor político realizados en ese campo se han interesado principalmente en los efectos cognitivos que pueden causar en las audiencias, así como en analizar su contenido. El presente estudio, en cambio, da luces sobre las primeras etapas de su proceso creativo, lo hace dejando que sus realizadores lo narren en sus propias palabras y releva las dimensiones afectivas de la comunicación política.
Explorando el consumo de noticias, la confianza y la desinformación durante el COVID-19 en Colombia: una mirada hacia la Generación Z.
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Carlos , González Pacheco Javier David , Zambrano Muñoz Laura Amalia
Published: October 2022

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha impactado en el consumo de información, en la confianza hacia los medios y en la proliferación de desinformación. La literatura revela que en Colombia hay un elevado consumo de información por redes sociales, un escepticismo hacia los medios y hubo difusión de desinformación sobre aspectos de gestión pública y sobre la información sanitaria. Este artículo analiza si hubo diferencias entre los jóvenes participantes de la Generación Z en Colombia en sus formas de consumo de información, confianza y percepciones sobre la desinformación respecto del resto de los encuestados. La metodología de investigación es cuantitativa a partir de una encuesta (n=150) realizada en Colombia durante el primer cuatrimestre del 2021. El análisis de los datos se realizó a partir de pruebas del análisis estadístico. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en el comportamiento de los jóvenes menores de 26 años respecto a la frecuencia de uso de los canales de información, particularmente de las redes sociales. La confianza declarada hacia Facebook, Instagram y WhatsApp por los jóvenes es mayor y estadísticamente significativa respecto del resto de participantes en el estudio. Respecto al fenómeno de la desinformación encontramos evidencia del efecto de la tercera persona, según el cual los usuarios consideran que la ciudadanía está más expuesta que uno mismo a la desinformación. Los jóvenes muestran una mayor preocupación por la desinformación y perciben que se divulga con mayor frecuencia por todos los canales estudiados. Respecto a la situación emocional luego de la exposición informativa, priman las negativas, las cuales se exacerban entre los jóvenes. En conclusión, este artículo expone el distanciamiento de los jóvenes colombianos hacia los medios de comunicación tradicionales.
Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Europy w obliczu zjawiska pogody kosmicznej. Problem
CME – koronalnych wyrzutów masy na Słońcu
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

The chapter deals with the problem of protecting the electricity grid in Europe in
the face of changes in the activity of the Sun. The growing demand for electricity, in
the face of the progressive depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels, suggests the use of
renewable energy sources as those that help increase the resistance of electric networks
against crashes caused Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) in the Sun. This is even more
justified as the CMEs have had a painful effect on all humankind in the past, impacting
telegraph networks in 1859, and electric networks in 1921. The author suggests that this
problem should be given consideration as part of the European Union’s space
policy.
Kolonizacja Marsa i innych ciał niebieskich: wyzwania natury prawnej i politycznej
dla Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Cesarz Maciej
Published: October 2022

Expansion is a part of humanity’s nature and space exploration and colonization of
extra-terrestrial objects forms the next stage of its civilizational development.
Achievements in science and technology in the second half of the twentieth century made
it possible to send humans into an extraterrestrial orbit and then to land on the Moon
and to build an extraterrestrial facility in the form of the International Space
Station. Today, the activities of space stakeholders are shifting from the public to the
private sector, making the prospect of colonizing other Solar System objects,
particularly Mars, increasingly feasible. This initiative, taken up by the European
Union among others, is nevertheless associated with a number of challenges,
traditionally identified with obstacles of a technical nature that determine the
feasibility of this project. The legal and political aspects, in particular the legality
of the colonization of the Red Planet, remain generally neglected in discussions on the
exploration of celestial bodies, despite the fact that the practical usage of
non-atmospheric space is regulated by international space law. This chapter is devoted
to a critical analysis of the laws and principles that are or may be applicable to human
activities in space with regard to Mars colonization and, to a lesser extent, the
political situation of Mars, which may be relevant from the perspective of the European
Union.
Joint Inventory and Pricing for a One-Warehouse Multistore Problem: Spiraling Phenomena, Near Optimal Policies, and the Value of Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Lei Murray , Liu Sheng , Jasin Stefanus , Vakhutinsky Andrew
Published: October 2022

In “Joint Inventory and Pricing for a One-Warehouse Multistore Problem: Spiraling Phenomena, Near Optimal Policies, and the Value of Dynamic Pricing,” Lei, Liu, Jasin, and Vakhutinsky consider a joint inventory and pricing problem with one warehouse and multiple stores with lost sales. The retailer makes a one-time decision on the amount of inventory to be placed at the warehouse at the beginning of the selling season, followed by periodic joint replenishment and pricing decisions for each store throughout the season. The authors first analyze the performance of two popular and simple heuristic policies that directly implement the solution of a deterministic approximation of the original stochastic problem. They show that simple reoptimization of the deterministic approximation may worsen the performance by causing a “spiraling up” movement in expected lost sales quantity. The authors further propose two improved heuristic policies with provably near-optimal performance. In particular, the first policy achieves the best possible performance among all policies that rely on static pricing, and the second policy outperforms the first one because of its use of carefully designed dynamic pricing scheme.
Empowering Patient Self-Management: A Community Paramedicine Model of Care in Ontario
Authors:   University of Regina, Turner Sarah
Published: October 2022

Community Paramedicine Remote Patient Monitoring (CPRPM) was launched in Ontario in April 2015 to address high health system usage in vulnerable patients living with chronic disease.  CPRPM expands on the home visit model of community paramedicine (CP) to bridge gaps in patient care and address inefficiencies in resource utilization.  At patient and systems levels, CPRPM aims to promote patient self-management of chronic diseases. Several reports driving the development of the Ontario Seniors Strategy, which include key recommendations for expanding CP programs, provided the impetus for government to deliver on their electoral platform promise to increase health care spending. The Local Health System Integration Act, 2006 gave Local Health Integration Networks the authority to make home and community care services accessible to Ontario residents, including the supplies and equipment required by patients and their caregivers to support their care at home.  Outcome measures of CPRPM point to positive benefits for encouraging patient self-management of chronic diseases and reducing health system strain, with a return on investment of 542%.  The variety of options for patient interaction and ability to lessen health system burden makes CPRPM a desirable model of care.
Method of wavefront phase retrieval from wavefront curvature sensing using membrane modes
Authors: Xie Xuan , Wang Bocheng , Wang Hairen
Published: October 2022

Wavefront phase retrieval is one of the most critical problems in adaptive optics. Here, phase retrieval by solving the transport of intensity equation using membrane vibration modes is proposed. Our study shows that the wavefront curvature sensing signal on the pupil can be expanded as a set of corresponding membrane vibration modes. The analytic expressions of the reconstructed phase are given. The coefficients of the functions are obtained by the integral over the pupil and boundary. Several representative Zernike circular and annular polynomials are respectively fitted by eigenfunctions and membrane modes in the absence of noise. In addition, wavefront recovery from noisy curvature data of the simulated atmospheric turbulence phase based on Zernike modes and Kolmogorov spectrum is demonstrated to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
All-fiber heterodyne velocity and displacement interferometer based on DPLL Doppler tracking with sub-nanometer per second and picometer sensitivity
Authors: Yan Hao , Chen Liuyang , Xu Zhilin , Lin Xiang , Liang Yurong
Published: October 2022

Velocity and displacement measurements play an important role not only in the process
of industrial production and metrology on the ground but also in
satellite gravity measurement in space. A high-precision all-fiber
heterodyne velocity and displacement interferometer based on digital
phase-locked loop (DPLL) Doppler tracking is proposed in this paper.
The target velocity is measured by tracking the heterodyne frequency
changes of the beat-note signal, and the displacement is obtained by
the integrated phase of the Doppler frequency change. A dual-signal
differential optical-path scheme combined with DPLL signal tracking
technology enables high-precision and high-linearity measurement of
velocity and displacement simultaneously. For integration and
compactness, the interferometer uses all-fiber optics that are
packaged in a small box with dimensions of

150

×

150

×

70

m
m

3

, except for an externally
fiber-connected collimator as the sensor head. The experimental
results show a velocity sensitivity below

30

p
m

/

s

/

H
z

1

/

2

in the 0.03–2 Hz band and a
displacement sensitivity below

10

p
m

/

H
z

1

/

2

above 0.4 Hz.
Overview of high-speed TDM-PON beyond 50  Gbps per wavelength using digital signal processing [Invited Tutorial]
Authors: Torres-Ferrera Pablo , Effenberger Frank , Faruk Md Saifuddin , Savory Seb J. , Gaudino Roberto
Published: October 2022

The recent evolution of passive optical network standards and related research activities for physical layer solutions that achieve bit rates well above 10 Gbps per wavelength (

λ

) is discussed. We show that the advancement toward 50, 100, and

200

G
b
p
s

/

λ

will certainly require a strong introduction of advanced digital signal processing (DSP) technologies for linear, and maybe nonlinear, equalization and for forward error correction. We start by reviewing in detail the current standardization activities in the International Telecommunication Union and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and then we present a comparison of the DSP approaches for traditional direct detection solutions and for future coherent detection approaches.
Ray tracing and wave optics behavior of the Eaton lens and invisible sphere triangular lattice photonic crystal
Authors: Forouzeshfard Mohammadreza
Published: October 2022

The Eaton lens and invisible sphere are known as devices that create fixed deflection angles in the ray trajectories striking them. The wave optics behavior of these tools, however, can be different. Two triangular lattice photonic crystals (TLPCs) composed of the Eaton lens and invisible sphere are studied in this paper. The differences between ray and wave optics behaviors in the TLPCs are explained. We investigate the ray trajectories in the two TLPCs, separately. Then, for studying wave behavior in TLPCs, the band structures of the two photonic crystals are extracted numerically. Transmission diagrams for six-layer TLPCs are also plotted to approve the band calculations. It is observed that, in some particular frequency ranges, the wave behavior in the TLPCs composed of the Eaton lens and invisible sphere can be quite opposite to the expected behavior of the rays.
Anti-noise computational imaging using unsupervised deep learning
Authors: Zhai Xinliang , Wu Xiaoyan , Sun Yiwei , Shi Jianhong , Zeng Guihua
Published: October 2022

Computational imaging enables spatial information retrieval of objects with the use of single-pixel detectors. By combining measurements and computational methods, it is possible to reconstruct images in a variety of situations that are challenging or impossible with traditional multi-pixel cameras. However, these systems typically suffer from significant loss of imaging quality due to various noises when the measurement conditions are single-photon detecting, undersampling and complicated. Here, we provide an unsupervised deep learning (UnDL) based anti-noise approach to deal with this problem. The proposed method does not require any clean experimental data to pre-train, so it effectively alleviates the difficulty of model training (especially for the biomedical imaging scene which is difficult to obtain training ground truth inherently). Our results show that an UnDL based imaging approach outperforms conventional single-pixel computational imaging methods considerably in reconstructing the target image against noise. Moreover, the well-trained model is generalized to image a real biological sample and can accurately image 64 × 64 resolution objects with a high speed of 20 fps at 5% sampling ratio. This method can be used in various solvers for general computational imaging and is expected to effectively suppress noises for high-quality biomedical imaging in generalizable complicated environments.
Simple system for realizing single-shot ultrafast sequential imaging based on spatial multiplexing in-line holography
Authors: Huang Hong-Yi , Guo Cheng-Shan
Published: October 2022

We present a simple system for realizing single-shot ultrafast sequential imaging based on spatial multiplexing in-line holography. In this system, we propose to combine a specially designed mini-reflector delay-line array with digital in-line holography. The former including a group of adjustable mini-reflectors can easily generate an array of probe sub-pulses that can be controlled independently in the propagation direction and time delays. The object beams formed by the different sub-pulses will propagate and fall on different recording regions of the image sensor to generate a single-shot spatial-multiplexing in-line hologram. The geometry of the digital in-line holography can simplify the complexity of the system and enable complex amplitude imaging. In addition, the time resolution of this system is limited only by the pulse duration, which allows this system to study the dynamic processes with the femtosecond order. In an experiment about the laser-induced air plasma, our proposed system achieves nine frames sequential holographic images with the frame rate of 7.5 trillion frames per second (Tfps).
Highly sensitive multi-stage terahertz parametric upconversion detection based on a KTiOPO4 crystal
Authors: Wang Yuye , Hu Changhao , Yan Chao , Chen Kai , Takida Yuma , Minamide Hiroaki , Xu Degang , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2022

In this Letter, we demonstrate a highly sensitive multi-stage terahertz (THz) wave parametric upconversion detector based on a KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystal pumped by a 1064-nm pulsed-laser (10 ns, 10 Hz). The THz wave was upconverted to near-infrared light in a trapezoidal KTP crystal based on stimulated polariton scattering. The upconversion signal was amplified in two KTP crystals based on non-collinear and collinear phase matching, respectively, to improve detection sensitivity. A rapid-response detection in the THz frequency ranges of 4.26–4.50 THz and 4.80–4.92 THz was achieved. Moreover, a dual-color THz wave generated from THz parametric oscillator using KTP crystal was detected simultaneously based on dual-wavelength upconversion. The minimum detectable energy of 2.35 fJ was realized with a dynamic range of 84 dB at 4.85 THz, which gives a noise equivalent power (NEP) of the order of 21.3 pW/Hz1/2. By changing the phase-matching angle or the wavelength of the pump laser, it is suggested that the detection of the THz frequency band of interest in a wide range from approximately 1 to 14 THz is possible.
Circular polarization detector based on polarization holography
Authors: Zhang Yuanying , Zhang Qi , Jiang Xiaochuan , Zheng Shujun , Li Jinhong , Xu Xianmiao , Yang Yi , Huang Zhiyun , Tan Xiaodi
Published: October 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a circular polarization detector based on planar polarization holography. The detector is designed by constructing the interference field according to the null reconstruction effect. We create multiplexed holograms, which feature the combination of two sets of hologram patterns and operate with opposite circular polarization beams. In a few seconds, the exposure operation allows the polarization multiplexed hologram element to be generated, with functionality equivalent to a chiral hologram. We have theoretically analyzed the feasibility of our scheme and experimentally demonstrated that the right- and left-handed circularly polarized beam can be distinguished directly depending on the different output signals. This work provides a time-saving and cost-effective alternative approach for generating a circular polarization detector and opens avenues for future applications in polarization detection.
Imaging properties of microsphere superlenses with varying background refractive indices under inclined illumination
Authors: Li Shendi , Luo Hao , Liu Fengli , Zhang Tianyao , Wang Xiaoduo , Liu Lianqing , Yu Haibo
Published: October 2022

Microsphere lenses can overcome the optical diffraction limit and can be used to observe features smaller than 200 nm under white light. Inclined illumination benefits from the second refraction of evanescent waves in the microsphere cavity, prohibiting the influence of background noise and improving the imaging resolution and quality of the microsphere superlens. Currently, there is a consensus that microspheres immersed in a liquid environment can improve imaging quality. Microsphere imaging under inclined illumination is performed using barium titanate microspheres immersed in an aqueous environment. However, the background medium of a microlens varies depending on its diverse applications. In this study, the effects of continuously changing background media on the imaging properties of microsphere lens under inclined illumination are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the axial position of the microsphere photonic nanojet changes with respect to the background medium. Consequently, owing to the refractive index of the background medium, the imaging magnification and the position of the virtual image change. Using a sucrose solution and polydimethylsiloxane with the same refractive index, we demonstrate that the imaging performance of microspheres is related to the refractive index rather than the background medium type. This study helps associate microsphere superlenses with a more universal application spectrum.
Stress-induced birefringence in 3D direct laser written micro-optics
Authors: Schmid Michael , Giessen Harald
Published: October 2022

3D direct laser writing is a widely used technology to create different nano- and micro-optical devices for various purposes. However, one big issue is the shrinking of the structures during polymerization, which results in deviations from the design and in internal stress. While the deviations can be compensated by adapting the design, the internal stress remains and induces birefringence. In this Letter, we successfully demonstrate the quantitative analysis of stress-induced birefringence in 3D direct laser written structures. After presenting the measurement setup based on a rotating polarizer and an elliptical analyzer, we characterize the birefringence of different structures and writing modes. We further investigate different photoresists and the implications for 3D direct laser written optics.
Highly sensitive detection of nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2 using a near-infrared surface plasmon resonance sensing system
Authors: Kajisa Taira , Yano Taka-aki , Koresawa Hidenori , Otsuka Kunihiro , Sakane Ayuko , Sasaki Takuya , Yasutomo Koji , Yasui Takeshi
Published: October 2022

We report a near-infrared surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system to achieve highly sensitive, unlabeled detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antigen. Use of the near-infrared light in SPR makes the SPR dip of the angular spectrum sharp and causes a large change of the reflected light intensity at a fixed incident angle. The present SPR system achieves the resolution of 10−5 refractive index unit in the refractive index measurement of glycerol solution samples. Additionally, we measured the nucleocapsid protein antigen of SARS-CoV-2 down to a molar concentration of 1 fM by immobilizing its corresponding antibody on the SPR sensor surface. This demonstration indicates a high potential of the present system for highly sensitive biosensing in medical diagnostics.
Terabit FSO communication based on a soliton microcomb
Authors: Shao Wen , Wang Yang , Jia Shuaiwei , Xie Zhuang , Gao Duorui , Wang Wei , Zhang Dongquan , Liao Peixuan , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenfu , Wang Weiqiang , Xie Xiaoping
Published: October 2022

Free-space optical (FSO) communication technology is a promising approach to establish a secure wireless link, which has the advantages of excellent directionality, large bandwidth, multiple services, low mass and less power requirements, and easy and fast deployments. Increasing the communication capacity is the perennial goal in both scientific and engineer communities. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a Tbit/s parallel FSO communication system using a soliton microcomb as a multiple wavelength laser source. Two communication terminals are installed in two buildings with a straight-line distance of

∼
1
  
km

. 102 comb lines are modulated by 10 Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying signals and demodulated using a delay-line interferometer. When the transmitted optical power is amplified to 19.8 dBm, 42 optical channels have optical signal-to-noise ratios higher than 27 dB and bit error rates less than

1
×

10

−
9

. Our experiment shows the feasibility of a wavelength-division multiplexing FSO communication system which suits the ultra-high-speed wireless transmission application scenarios in future satellite-based communications, disaster recovery, defense, last mile problems in networks and remote sensing, and so on.
A new machine learning method for cancer mutation analysis
Authors: Habibi Mahnaz , Taheri Golnaz
Published: October 2022

It is complicated to identify cancer-causing mutations. The recurrence of a mutation in patients remains one of the most reliable features of mutation driver status. However, some mutations are more likely to happen than others for various reasons. Different sequencing analysis has revealed that cancer driver genes operate across complex pathways and networks, with mutations often arising in a mutually exclusive pattern. Genes with low-frequency mutations are understudied as cancer-related genes, especially in the context of networks. Here we propose a machine learning method to study the functionality of mutually exclusive genes in the networks derived from mutation associations, gene-gene interactions, and graph clustering. These networks have indicated critical biological components in the essential pathways, especially those mutated at low frequency. Studying the network and not just the impact of a single gene significantly increases the statistical power of clinical analysis. The proposed method identified important driver genes with different frequencies. We studied the function and the associated pathways in which the candidate driver genes participate. By introducing lower-frequency genes, we recognized less studied cancer-related pathways. We also proposed a novel clustering method to specify driver modules. We evaluated each driver module with different criteria, including the terms of biological processes and the number of simultaneous mutations in each cancer. Materials and implementations are available at: https://github.com/MahnazHabibi/MutationAnalysis.
RaScALL: Rapid (Ra) screening (Sc) of RNA-seq data for prognostically significant genomic alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Authors: Rehn Jacqueline , Mayoh Chelsea , Heatley Susan L , McClure Barbara J , Eadie Laura N , Schutz Caitlin , Yeung David T , Cowley Mark J , Breen James , White Deborah L
Published: October 2022

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) efforts in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have identified numerous prognostically significant genomic alterations which can guide diagnostic risk stratification and treatment choices when detected early. However, integrating RNA-seq in a clinical setting requires rapid detection and accurate reporting of clinically relevant alterations. Here we present RaScALL, an implementation of the k-mer based variant detection toolkm, capable of identifying more than 100 prognostically significant lesions observed in ALL, including gene fusions, single nucleotide variants and focal gene deletions. We compared genomic alterations detected by RaScALL and those reported by alignment-basedde novovariant detection tools in a study cohort of 180 Australian patient samples. Results were validated using 100 patient samples from a published North American cohort. RaScALL demonstrated a high degree of accuracy for reporting subtype defining genomic alterations. Gene fusions, including difficult to detect fusions involvingEPORandDUX4, were accurately identified in 98% of reported cases in the study cohort (n = 164) and 95% of samples (n = 63) in the validation cohort. Pathogenic sequence variants were correctly identified in 75% of tested samples, including all cases involving subtype defining variantsPAX5p.P80R (n = 12) andIKZF1p.N159Y (n = 4). IntragenicIKZF1deletions resulting in aberrant transcript isoforms were also detectable with 98% accuracy. Importantly, the median analysis time for detection of all targeted alterations averaged 22 minutes per sample, significantly shorter than standard alignment-based approaches. The application of RaScALL enables rapid identification and reporting of previously identified genomic alterations of known clinical relevance.
Protective efficacy of holed and aging PBO-pyrethroid synergist-treated nets on malaria infection prevalence in north-western Tanzania
Authors: Lukole Eliud , Cook Jackie , Mosha Jacklin F. , Messenger Louisa A. , Rowland Mark , Kleinschmidt Immo , Charlwood Jacques D. , Mosha Franklin W. , Manjurano Alphaxard , Wright Alexandra , Protopopoff Natacha
Published: October 2022

Two billion pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been distributed since 2004 for malaria prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Current malaria control strategies rely on an assumed effective 3-year lifespan for LLINs. PBO synergist LLINs are a newly recommended class of net but there is limited information on their life span and long-term protective efficacy in communities. To assess their operational survival, a cohort of 390 PBO LLINs (Olyset Plus) and 367 standard pyrethroid LLIN (Olyset net) from 396 households were followed for 36 months in Western Tanzania. To assess the association between the condition of the LLIN and malaria infection, nets from at least 480 randomly selected households were assessed during malaria prevalence cross-sectional surveys at 4, 9, 16, 21, 28, and 33 months post-distribution. Information on the presence and condition of nets, and demographic information from the household, were collected to evaluate factors influencing net durability. After 3 years less than 17% of nets distributed still remained in the households. The fabric condition was not associated with malaria infection in either type of net. The difference between the net types was highest when nets were between 1–2 years old, when PBO nets appeared to be similarly protective as nets less than a year old, whereas standard nets were considerably less protective as they aged, regardless of fabric condition. There was no statistical difference in the estimated median functional survival time between net types with 1.6 years (95% CI 1.38–1.87) for PBO LLIN and 1.9 years (95% CI 1.67–2.06) for standard LLINs. After 3 years, there was a loss of 55% of permethrin (pyrethroid) content for both nets, and 97% of PBO content was lost in PBO LLIN. These results highlight that functional survival is less than the recommended 3 years for both net types. However, even as the nets age, the PBO nets remained more protective than standard nets, regardless of their condition.
Acceptance and compliance with micronutrient powder (MNP) among children aged 6–23 months in northern Nigeria
Authors: Kodish Stephen R. , Isokpunwu Chris , Osunkentan Tobi , Imohe Annette , Ejembi Clara Ladi , Chitekwe Stanley , Wagt Arjan de , Mathema Pragya
Published: October 2022

This study sought to understand the utilization patterns and influencing factors of micronutrient powder (MNP) use among children aged 6–23 months in northern Nigeria as part of formative research to inform the design of an infant and young child feeding (IYCF) intervention. It had an iterative, multi-phase design whereby mixed methods data were collected from 144 households participating in an 8-week home-feeding trial. During the first four weeks, 12-hour direct observations were conducted with 24 households using MNP. Over the next four weeks, 18 of the same households were observed. In-depth interviews were also conducted among 27 caregivers to understand factors related to utilization. Unannounced spot checks (n = 86) were also conducted to gauge MNP compliance. Most households (76.7%) (66/86) adhered to instructions for using MNP (Adamawa (34/44 = 77.3%) and Kebbi (32/42 = 76.2%)). Facilitating factors to MNP adherence were identified, most notably the high ease of utilization, with 90.0% of caregivers indicating the MNP was ‘easy’ or ‘very easy’ to use. Several barriers to MNP compliance were identified and organized into three domains: product-related (e.g. difficulty opening sachet), child-related (e.g. not finishing fortified staple), and caregiver-related (e.g. difficulty making food daily). In Kebbi and Adamawa, MNP was accepted and utilized according to guidelines among most study participants. Findings may be used for scaling up MNP within a more comprehensive IYCF intervention in northern Nigeria.