bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Igualdad y no discriminación en tiempo de pandemia
Authors: Barrère Unzueta Mª Ángeles , Gascón Cuenca Andrés , Palacios Agustina , Ramírez Carvajal Paulina E.
Published: June 2021

Resumen:El presente texto realiza un análisis de cuál ha sido el impacto que el SARS-Cov-2 ha tenido en diversos grupos sociales, desde el prisma de la confrontación de los determinantes sociales y legales de la salud. En el texto se argumenta la visión crítica que se debe afrontar frente a la utilización de los último por suponer la invisibilización de patrones subordiscriminatorios dentro del contexto social actual.
Rabbi-Baldi Cabanillas, Renato. Teoría del derecho. Buenos Aires: Editorial Ábaco de Rodolfo Depalma, 2021 (6ª ed.).
Authors: Aymerich Ojea Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: Rabbi-Baldi Cabanillas, Renato. Teoría del derecho. Buenos Aires: Editorial Ábaco de Rodolfo Depalma, 2021 (6ª ed.).
Ramis Barceló, Rafael. El nacimiento de la Filosofía del derecho. De la Philosophia iuris a la Rechtsphilosophie. Madrid: Dykinson 2021.
Authors: Muñoz Almazán Jesús
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: Ramis Barceló, Rafael. El nacimiento de la Filosofía del derecho. De la Philosophia iuris a la Rechtsphilosophie. Madrid: Dykinson 2021.
Aplicación de los semigrupos a las pinturas de colores bajo el enfoque sistémico
Authors: Martínez Gascón Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Este texto propone un modelo algebraico para los colores pintura que resulta de seguir los pasos de una metodología científico-sistémica. Debo decir que falta finalizar el proceso de verificación y validación. Por ello, ofrezco las razones que me llevan a dicho resultado para que pueda ser aceptado o rechazado.
The Political Framework of the Common Good — A Complex Adaptive Assemblage
Authors: De Geroni Ricardo , Ripper Kós José
Published: June 2021

Este artigo abrange os bens comuns como emergências na arena política, ao mesmo tempo que verifica a rede dialógica entre o quadro político dos bens comuns e suas dimensões econômica, institucional e técnico-material. Essa interação dialógica fornece informações para instituições adaptativas complexas. Nossa estrutura preenche a lacuna entre a comunicação humana e sua realidade mediada enquanto analisa a estaticidade e unidimensionalidade dos bens comuns. Também discutimos a violência simbólica do distanciamento da terra dos comuns, examinando a rivalidade além das cadeias de propriedade e reconhecendo o atributo como fundamental para repovoar os bens comuns de seus seres existenciais.
Znaczenie szkoły jako instytucji oświatowo-wychowawczej w postępowaniu dowodowym dotyczącym pozbawienia władzy rodzicielskiej
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Żukowski Hubert
Published: June 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie roli, jaką odgrywa szkoła, rozu-miana jako instytucja oświatowo-wychowawcza, w postępowaniach o pozbawienie władzy rodzicielskiej. Nie budzi wątpliwości, że w procesie wychowawczym czyn-niki i bodźce środowiska domowego, które najintensywniej wpływają na dziecko, przekładają się na jego funkcjonowanie w szkole. W szczególności długotrwałe problemy małoletniego z nauką bądź stwarzane przez niego trudności wycho-wawcze powinny stanowić dla nauczycieli i pedagogów sygnał do potrzeby wglądu w środowisko rodzinne ucznia. Dlatego też w niniejszym artykule zostały przed-stawione dane dotyczące udziału szkoły w postępowaniu o pozbawienie władzy rodzicielskiej, tj. opinie sporządzane przez szkoły, zeznania nauczycieli w charak-terze świadków oraz postępy w nauce osiągane przez małoletnich. Wykorzystano materiały źródłowe (m.in. akty prawne, piśmiennictwo prawnicze, orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego i sądów powszechnych) oraz wyniki badań własnych aktowych uzyskane przy pomocy narzędzia badawczego w postaci kwestionariusza do bada-nia akt sądowych.
Problem przetwarzania danych osobowych w sferze działalności socjalnej pracodawcy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Walczak Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Opracowanie omawia zasady przyznawania świadczeń z ZFSS z punktu widzenia prawidłowości przetwarzania danych osobowych. Analizie poddano aktualnie obowiązujący w Polsce stan prawny z uwzględnieniem prawa europejskiego – RODO. Ze względu na krajową specyfikę tej instytucji artykuł nie zawiera odwołania do uregulowań obowiązujących w innych krajach. W pracy postawiono dwie tezy. Pierwszą, że przyznawanie przy udziale czynnika społecznego świad-czeń z ZFSS, w tym zwłaszcza w zakresie zapomóg losowych, powinno opierać się na zanonimizowanych wnioskach. Dokumenty potwierdzające prawdziwość stanu faktycznego leżącego u podstaw wystąpienia o świadczenie powinny być weryfikowane przez upoważnionego przedstawiciela pracodawcy odpowiadają-cego za działalność socjalną. Zgodnie z drugą tezą, kopie dokumentów potwier-dzających zasadność występowania o świadczenia socjalne, w tym zwłaszcza w zakresie zapomóg, powinny być przechowywane przez administratora danych – a więc pracodawcę – przez okres, w którym organy skarbowe i ZUS mogą wery-fikować prawidłowość stosowania prawa daninowego – w tym przypadku nieod-prowadzania od przyznanych świadczeń podatku oraz składek na ubezpieczenia społeczne. Wnioski wynikające z postawionych tez mają istotne znaczenie dla praktyki stosowania prawa, a ponieważ są one kontrowersyjne, mogą być podstawą do dalszego dyskursu naukowego.
Pozycja i zadania Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego po wdrożeniu IV pakietu kolejowego
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Kowalewski Krystian
Published: June 2021

Zgodnie z art. 55 dyrektywy 2012/34/UE w sprawie utworzenia jednolitego europejskiego obszaru kolejowego każde państwo członkowskie musi powołać organ regulacyjny dla sektora kolejowego. W Polsce zadania tego organu realizuje Prezes Urząd Transportu Kolejowego (UTK). Zmiany w zakresie pozycji i zadań ww. organu są związane z wejściem w życie IV pakietu kolejowego – zbioru 6 aktów prawnych stanowiących kontynuację reform rynku kolejowego w Europie. Przepisy IV pakietu kolejowego nakładają na regulatorów nowe obowiązki, m.in. w zakresie spraw dotyczących zarządzania ruchem kolejowym oraz planowanych i nieplanowanych prac utrzymaniowych linii. Zmieniają też model współpracy pomiędzy krajowymi organami regulacyjnymi a Agencją Kolejową Unii Europejskiej (AKUE – ang. EURA). Krajowe organy mogą m.in. zwrócić się do Agencji z wnioskiem o wydanie opinii w zakresie aspektów bezpieczeństwa i interoperacyjności. Agencja może również przeprowadzić wizytację w państwie członkowskim. Prezes UTK pełni w Polsce ponadto funkcję krajowego organu ds. bezpieczeństwa i jest organem właściwym w zakresie wydawania jednolitego certyfikatu. W tym Prezes UTK również zobowiązany jest do współpracy z Agencją. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie nowych obowiązków nałożonych na Prezesa Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego w związku z koniecznością implementacji IV pakietu kolejowego, zarówno w zakresie obu pełnionych przez niego funkcji.
A vontade de expor: arte, gênero e sexualidade
Authors: Colling Leandro
Published: June 2021

Dirigido a qualquer pessoa interessada nas relações entre arte, gênero e sexualidade, o livro explica como grandes museus espanhóis foram ocupados por uma série de obras e exposições que tratam das dissidências sexuais e de gênero. O autor analisa a vontade de expor, classificar e pensar essas dissidências nas artes e oferece uma rica narrativa sobre o processo de construção da pesquisa, que leva o pesquisador a ser afetado por uma série de obras, situações e encontros dentro e fora dos museus. É um exercício etnocartográfico processual que resulta em críticas e pessoas artistas, curadoras, pesquisadoras e uma instigante proposta analítica. A obra foi produzida durante o período (2019-2020) em que o autor foi professor visitante na Universidade de Sevilha.
Difference and Orientation
Authors: Kluge Alexander
Published: June 2021

This book's author is one of contemporary Germany's leading intellectuals and artists. A key architect of the New German Cinema and a pioneer of auteur television programming, who has also written books and articles, and continues to make films. However, his reputation outside of the German-speaking world still largely rests on his films of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. This book assembles thirty of the author's essays, speeches, glossaries, and interviews, revolving around the capacity for differentiation and the need for orientation toward ways out of catastrophic modernity. The volume brings together some of the author's most fundamental statements on literature, film, pre- and post-cinematic media, and social theory, nearly all for the first time in English translation. Together, these works highlight a career-spanning commitment to unorthodox, essayistic thinking.
Constructing Allied Cooperation
Authors: Henke Marina E
Published: June 2021

How do states overcome problems of collective action in the face of human atrocities, terrorism and the threat of weapons of mass destruction? How does international burden-sharing in this context look like? This book addresses these questions. It demonstrates that coalitions do not emerge naturally; rather, pivotal states deliberately build them. They develop operational plans and bargain suitable third parties into the coalition. Pulling apart the strategy behind multilateral military coalition-building, the book looks at the ramifications and side effects as well. Via these ties, pivotal states have access to private information on the deployment preferences of potential coalition participants. Moreover, they facilitate issue-linkages and side-payments and allow states to overcome problems of credible commitments. Finally, pivotal states can use common institutional contacts as cooperation brokers, and they can convert common institutional venues into fora for negotiating coalitions. The theory and evidence presented force us to revisit the conventional wisdom on how cooperation in multilateral military operations comes about. The book generates new insights with respect to who is most likely to join a given multilateral intervention, what factors influence the strength and capacity of individual coalitions, and what diplomacy and diplomatic ties are good for. Moreover, as the Trump administration promotes an “America First” policy and withdraws from international agreements and the United Kingdom completes Brexit, this book is an important reminder that international security cannot be delinked from more mundane forms of cooperation; multilateral military coalitions thrive or fail depending on the breadth and depth of existing social and diplomatic networks.
Rituals of Care
Authors: Aulino Felicity
Published: June 2021

End-of-life issues are increasingly central to discussions within medical anthropology, the anthropology of political action, and the study of Buddhist philosophy and practice. This book speaks directly to these important anthropological and existential conversations. Against the backdrop of global population aging and increased attention to care for the elderly, both personal and professional, the book challenges common presumptions about the universal nature of “caring.” The book shows an inseparable link between forms of social organization and forms of care. Unlike most accounts of the quotidian concerns of providing care in a rapidly aging society, the book brings attention to corporeal processes. Moving from vivid descriptions of the embodied routines at the heart of home caregiving to depictions of care practices in more general ways—care for one's group, care of the polity—it develops the argument that religious, social, and political structures are embodied, through habituated action, in practices of providing for others. Under the watchful treatment of the author, care becomes a powerful foil for understanding recent political turmoil and structural change in Thailand, proving embodied practice to be a vital vantage point for phenomenological and political analyses alike.
The Lay Saint
Authors: Doyno Mary Harvey
Published: June 2021

This book investigates the phenomenon of saintly cults that formed around pious merchants, artisans, midwives, domestic servants, and others in the medieval communes of northern and central Italy. The book uses the rise of and tensions surrounding these civic cults to explore medieval notions of lay religiosity, charismatic power, civic identity, and the church's authority in this period. Although claims about laymen's and laywomen's miraculous abilities challenged the church's expanding political and spiritual dominion, both papal and civic authorities, the book finds, vigorously promoted their cults. It shows that this support was neither a simple reflection of the extraordinary lay religious zeal that marked late medieval urban life nor of the Church's recognition of that enthusiasm. Rather, the history of lay saints' cults powerfully illustrates the extent to which lay Christians embraced the vita apostolic—the ideal way of life as modeled by the Apostles—and of the church's efforts to restrain and manage such claims.
Nothing Succeeds Like Failure
Authors: Conn Steven
Published: June 2021

Do business schools actually make good on their promises of “innovative,” “outside-the-box” thinking to train business leaders who will put society ahead of money-making? Do they help society by making better business leaders? This book asserts that they do not and they never have. In throwing down a gauntlet on the business of business schools, the book examines the frictions, conflicts, and contradictions at the heart of these enterprises and details the way business schools have failed to resolve them. Beginning with founding of the Wharton School in 1881, the book measures these schools' aspirations against their actual accomplishments and tells the full and disappointing history of missed opportunities, unmet aspirations, and educational mistakes. It then poses a set of crucial questions about the role and function of American business schools. The results are not pretty. Posing a set of crucial questions about the function of American business schools, the book is pugnacious and controversial. It argues that the impressive façades of business school buildings resemble nothing so much as collegiate versions of Oz. It pulls back the curtain to reveal a story of failure to meet the expectations of the public, their missions, their graduates, and their own lofty aspirations of producing moral and ethical business leaders.
Food for All in Africa
Authors: Conway Gordon , Badiane Ousmane , Glatzel Katrin
Published: June 2021

Africa requires a new agricultural transformation that is appropriate for Africa, that recognizes the continent's diverse environments and climates, and that takes into account its histories and cultures while benefiting rural smallholder farmers and their families. This book describes the key challenges faced by Africa's smallholder farmers and presents the concepts and practices of sustainable intensification as opportunities to sustainably transform Africa's agriculture sector and the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The way forward, the book indicates, will be an agriculture sector deeply rooted within sustainable intensification: producing more with less, using fertilizers and pesticides more prudently, adapting to climate change, improving natural capital, adopting new technologies, and building resilience at every stage of the agriculture value chain. This book envisions a virtuous circle generated through agricultural development rooted in sustainable intensification that results in greater yields, healthier diets, improved livelihoods for farmers, and sustainable economic opportunities for the rural poor that in turn generate further investment. It describes the benefits of digital technologies for farmers and the challenges of transforming African agricultural policies and creating effective and inspiring leadership. The book demonstrates why we should take on the challenge and provides ideas and methods through which it can be met.
Dismantlings
Authors: Tierney Matt
Published: June 2021

“For the master's tools,” the poet Audre Lorde wrote, “will never dismantle the master's house.” This book is a study of literary, political, and philosophical critiques of the utopian claims about technology in the Long Seventies, the decade and a half before 1980. Following Alice Hilton's 1963 admonition that the coming years would bring humanity to a crossroads, the book explores wide-ranging ideas from science fiction, avant-garde literatures, feminist and anti-racist activism, and indigenous eco-philosophy that may yet challenge machines of war, control, and oppression. It opposes the language of technological idealism with radical thought of the Long Seventies. This counter-lexicon retrieves seven terms for the contemporary critique of technology: Luddism, a verbal and material combat against exploitative machines; communion, a kind of togetherness that stands apart from communication networks; cyberculture, a historical conjunction of automation with racist and militarist machines; distortion, a transformative mode of reading and writing; revolutionary suicide, a willful submission to the risk of political engagement; liberation technology, a synthesis of appropriate technology and liberation theology; and thanatopography, a mapping of planetary technological ethics after Auschwitz and Hiroshima. The book restores revolutionary language of the radical Long Seventies for reuse in the digital present against emergent technologies of exploitation, subjugation, and death.
Campus Counterspaces
Authors: Keels Micere
Published: June 2021

Frustrated with the flood of news articles and opinion pieces that were skeptical of minority students' “imagined” campus microaggressions, the author of this book set out to provide a detailed account of how racial-ethnic identity structures Black and Latinx students' college transition experiences. Tracking a cohort of more than five hundred Black and Latinx students since they enrolled at five historically white colleges and universities in the fall of 2013, the book finds that these students were not asking to be protected from new ideas. Instead, they relished exposure to new ideas, wanted to be intellectually challenged, and wanted to grow. However, the book argues, they were asking for access to counterspaces—safe spaces that enable radical growth. They wanted counterspaces where they could go beyond basic conversations about whether racism and discrimination still exist. They wanted time in counterspaces with likeminded others where they could simultaneously validate and challenge stereotypical representations of their marginalized identities and develop new counter narratives of those identities. This critique of how universities have responded to the challenges these students face offers a way forward that goes beyond making diversity statements to taking diversity actions.
Russian Conservatism
Authors: Robinson Paul
Published: June 2021

This book examines the history of Russian conservative thought from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. As it shows, conservatism has made an underappreciated contribution to Russian national identity, to the ideology of Russian statehood, and to Russia's social-economic development. The book charts the contributions made by philosophers, politicians, and others during the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods. Looking at cultural, political, and social-economic conservatism in Russia, it discusses ideas and issues of more than historical interest. It demonstrates that such ideas are helpful in interpreting Russia's present as well as its past and will be influential in shaping Russia's future, for better or for worse, in the years to come. For the past two centuries Russian conservatives have sought to adapt to the pressures of modernization and westernization and, more recently, globalization, while preserving national identity and political and social stability. We can now understand how Russian conservatives have continually proposed forms of cultural, political, and economic development seen as building on existing traditions, identity, forms of government, and economic and social life, rather than being imposed on the basis of abstract theory and foreign models.
The House of Hemp and Butter
Authors: O'Connor Kevin C.
Published: June 2021

Founded as an ecclesiastical center, trading hub, and intended capital of a feudal state, Riga was Old Livonia's greatest city and its indispensable port. Because the city was situated in what was initially remote and inhospitable territory, surrounded by pagans and coveted by regional powers like Poland, Sweden, and Muscovy, it was also a fortress encased by a wall. This book begins in the twelfth century with the arrival to the eastern Baltic of German priests, traders, and knights, who conquered and converted the indigenous tribes and assumed mastery over their lands. It ends in 1710 with an account of the greatest war Livonia had ever seen, one that was accompanied by mass starvation, a terrible epidemic, and a flood of nearly Biblical proportions that devastated the city and left its survivors in misery. Readers will learn about Riga's people—merchants and clerics, craftsmen and builders, porters and day laborers—about its structures and spaces, its internal conflicts and its unrelenting struggle to maintain its independence against outside threats. The book is an indispensable guide to a quintessentially European city located in one of the continent's more remote corners.
Machiavelli's Three Romes
Authors: Sullivan Vickie B.
Published: June 2021

Niccolò Machiavelli's ambiguous treatment of religion has fueled a contentious and long-standing debate among scholars. Whereas some insist that Machiavelli is a Christian, others maintain he is a pagan. This book mediates between these divergent views by arguing that he is neither but that he utilizes elements of both understandings arrayed in a wholly new way. The book begins with an introduction that shows how Niccolò Machiavelli's account of a new Rome points to the tremendous impact that he believes Christianity has had and can have on politics. In order to overcome the politically deleterious consequences of Christianity and the pagan beliefs that engendered it, as well as to forestall the rise of another tyranny of its magnitude, Machiavelli appeals to certain Christian doctrines to support his vision of an earthly discipline that exercises the strength that he views as essential to sustain political life. In so doing, he creates a wholly temporal interpretation of Christianity. Machiavelli finds that Christianity exerts a type of tyrannical rule over human beings, one that deprives them of their honor, dignity, and power. It is this domination from which Machiavelli endeavors to liberate them. The book concludes Machiavelli intends to allow human beings what they have been denied for so long: honor and glory for their earthly exploits. He endeavors to replace the divine and natural realms with the human one. The book shows Machiavelli's thought to be a highly original response to what he understood to be the crisis of his times.
A-RESS new dynamic and smart system for renewable energy sharing problem
Authors: Toumia Imen , Ben Hassine Ahlem
Published: June 2021

Energy is at the basis of any social or economic development. The fossil energy is the most used energy source in the world due to the cheap building cost of the power plants. In 2017, fossil fuels generated 64.5% of the world electricity. Since, on the one hand, these plants produce large amount of carbon dioxide which drives climate change, and on the other hand, the storage of existing world fossil resources is in continuous decrease, safer and highly available energy sources should be considered. Hence, for human well-being, and for a green environment, these fossil plants should be switched to cleaner ones. Renewable energy resources have begun to be used as alternatives. These resources have many advantages such as sustainability and environmental protection. Nevertheless, they require higher investment costs. In addition, the reliability of many planted systems is poor. In most cases these systems are not sufficient to ensure a continuous demand of energy for all in needy regions because most of their resources are climate dependent. The main contributions of this research are (i) to propose a natural formalisation of the renewable energy distribution problem, based on COP (Constraint Optimisation Problem), that takes into consideration all the constraints related to this problem; (ii) to propose a novel multi-agent dynamic (A-RESS for Agent based Renewable Energy Sharing System) to solve this problem. The proposed system was implemented and the obtained results show its efficiency and performance in terms of produced, consumed and lost energy.
Genome-wide association study uncovers new genetic loci and candidate genes underlying seed chilling-germination in maize
Authors: Zhang Yinchao , Liu Peng , Wang Chen , Zhang Na , Zhu Yuxiao , Zou Chaoying , Yuan Guangsheng , Yang Cong , Gao Shibin , Pan Guangtang , Ma Langlang , Shen Yaou
Published: June 2021

As one of the major crops, maize (Zea mays L.) is mainly distributed in tropical and temperate regions. However, with the changes of the environments, chilling stress has become a significantly abiotic stress affecting seed germination and thus the reproductive and biomass accumulation of maize. Herein, we investigated five seed germination-related phenotypes among 300 inbred lines under low-temperature condition (10 °C). By combining 43,943 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 15 significant (P < 2.03 ×  10-6) SNPs were identified to correlate with seed germination under cold stress based on the FarmCPU model in GWAS, among which three loci were repeatedly associated with multiple traits. Ten gene models were closely linked to these three variations, among which Zm00001d010454, Zm00001d010458, Zm00001d010459, and Zm00001d050021 were further verified by candidate gene association study and expression pattern analysis. Importantly, these candidate genes were previously reported to involve plant tolerance to chilling stress and other abiotic stress. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying chilling germination in maize.
Urban form and Urban-Agricultural Eco-Efficiency as an Indicator for Sustainable Urban Development in Huancayo Province, Peru
Authors: Palomares Miguel Beltrán , Acevedo Ronald Révolo , Reymundo Bimael Quispe , Flores Saul Caballón
Published: June 2021

Aims: The urban form of each district was estimated; the entry indicators and exit indicators of urban eco-efficiency; as well as the environmental costs and economic outcomes of agricultural eco-efficiency in the 28 districts of the Huancayo Province.

Study design: Descriptive-Correlational.

Place and duration of study: The research project lasted 1 year, the data collection of agricultural-urban eco-efficiency was carried out from January to December 2020 by district, as well as the delimitation of productive and non-productive agricultural areas.

Methodology: The World Business Council for Sustainable Development eco-efficiency model developed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used. To estimate the Urban Form, the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite image was used. For the Ecoeficiencia Urban-Agricultural data was collected by interviewing field and respective households using probability sampling, to estimate the polluting gases by province, the Sentinel-5P satellite image was used. Pearson's r coefficient and bilateral Student's t-test were used for the statistical analysis [26; 2.05].

Results: The Urban Form presents compactness ratio 0.27, shape ratio 0.21, elasticity ratio 5.47 and population density 753.09hab/km2. The Urban-Input indicators are urban water consumption 5889116.31ML/year electric energy consumption 2062019.23MW/year, food consumption 2664.56 ton/year. The Urban-Output indicators are emission of polluting gases 40335.11 ton/year, economic revenue 279.35PEN/year and wastewater discharge 90581.38ML/year. The Environmental Costs-Agricultural are water consumption for the agricultural sector 3348.34ML/year, fertilizer consumption 69.14 ton/year and phytosanitary consumption 46 ton/year. The Economic Outputs-Agricultural are agricultural production of 4779.79 kg/year, agricultural land rent 6390.3 PEN/year, gross value of production 4854.35 PEN/year. Agricultural Eco-efficiency [Eec-Ag]=0.89 and Urban Eco-efficiency [Eec-Ur]=0.98, ratio coefficient r=-0.13 and tc=0.64.

Conclusion: The 28 districts of the province of Huancayo have an Eec-Ur [Urban Eco-efficiency] of 0.98 and Eec-Ag [Agricultural Eco-efficiency] of 0.89 where it maintains the added value while generating 98% and 89% of its environmental pressures. There is no statistically significant relationship between urban eco-efficiency and agricultural eco-efficiency.
Diagnostic of the Cooking and Storage Systems of a Cassava-Derived Food Locally Called “fufu” in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Bimem Adjele Jorelle Jeanne , Baomog Annick Manuela Bengue , Hell Raissa Hermine , Mouafo Hippolyte Tene , Nguedjo Maxwell Wandji , Tchuenchieu Alex Dimitri Kamgain , Medoua Gabriel Nama
Published: June 2021

Fufu is among the most consumed traditional dishes derived from cassava in Cameroon. However, the processing of cassava into flour used in the preparation of fufu, the home storage of that flour and the cooking practices might lead to microbial contamination and hence constitute a potential health risk for consumers. The aim of this study was to diagnose the cooking systems of fufu in the city of Yaoundé taking into consideration the processing of granules, its storage systems and the cooking practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Yaoundé. A total of 74 participants were submitted to a survey by the means of a structured questionnaire. Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the population, the nature and quality of raw material used to cook fufu, the cooking processes, the storage of cooked fufu and complaints associated with the consumption of fufu were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the majority of participants were women (82.4%) with university education level (73%). Most of the participants preferred granules of fermented cassava as raw material. The odor was the main purchasing criteria of raw materials which were generally stored at room temperature (25±2°C) in the household for 1 to 2 weeks. 76.05% of participants were aware of the impact of microorganisms on the color and odor of the raw material. Two cooking processes of fufu were identified, the heating duration being the main difference. The majority of participants used a heating duration of less than 15 min as it leads to slightly rigid, less elastic and not sticky fufu highly appreciated in the Centre and Sud regions of Cameroon. Leftovers fufu eaten by participants without any heating process and leftovers fufu reheated for a short duration before being consumed might be the causes of digestive troubles associated with its consumption. Prospective studies should be conducted to optimize the cooking process of fufu taking into consideration its microbiological (sporulated microflora) and sensorial quality.
Socio-Cultural, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism in Birilarosa Protected Landscape and Seascape (BLPLS)
Authors: Ogoc Myrna Nicol
Published: June 2021

Ecotourism is a melting pot of cultures and people. It is said that national and local pride can be created through the cultural appreciation of ecotourists, and local knowledge and the standard of living can be enhanced. The folklore or story about “Berbenota” the enchanted lady of Rock Formations have resulted to the protection and conservation who is believed to be the protector of the area. These activities provide special opportunities to understand the history and traditions of the community and to witness their cultural practices and daily living, including traditional rituals, rites and dances. For the positive side of ecotourism, it can generate environmental rehabilitation and natural or local tourism development by promoting environmental protection and the improvement of a specific tourist destination. The greatest contribution of ecotourism is the protection of biodiversity and a sustainable development plan is necessary. In terms of the negative side, when ecotourism is improperly managed, environmental degradation follows. These invasions often include deforestation, disruption of ecological lifestyle systems and various styles of pollutants, all of which make a contribution to environmental degradation. It is important to note that majority of the respondents were farmers which at the same time fishermen. It is also interesting that many of the employed people were also patronizing the local tourist’s destination. It seems that common people were benefitted so much of the booming local ecotourism industry in the BLPLS areas as represented by the various stakeholders and key players in the tourism industry. At least One hundred respondents were interviewed using the systematic sampling approach. The results indicate that both the mainland and island communities benefits ecotourism in various ways but not to their level of satisfaction. Members of the community are allowed access to resources such as fish, food crops, firewood and water. Additionally, a range of job opportunities includes tour guiding; rendering service mobility vehicles for the tourists, and accommodations. Another key tourism related benefits include interaction with the tourists, sale of local crafts, fish processing, food vending and opportunities to profile cultural activities. However, there remains the need to improve beneficiation given the high poverty and unemployment rates in the locality.
Development Strategy of Coffee Shop Business in Office Area Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hasibuan Bernard
Published: June 2021

The coffee shop culinary services industry is now growing rapidly in urban areas such as Jakarta.  The purpose of this study is to determine the priority strategy for the development of the coffee shop business. The study was designed using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method which is also supported by IE Matrix and SWOT Analysis method. The data retrieval used is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving customers, management, and staff as respondents. The results of this study, matrix IE shows that the company is in Quadrant II growing and developing which means J.CO Donuts &Coffee needs to focus on carrying out intensive strategies such as market penetration, market development, and product development. The result of QSPM is a strategy to improve the quality of human resources services, to correct the shortcomings of workers' skills. This strategy can be realized in the form of training or refreshment to take employees to more advanced coffee shops.
Oil Pollution Analysis of Gjanica River from Petroleum Rafinery and Production Industry in Albania
Authors: Zeqo Esmeralda
Published: June 2021

Aim: Oil industry has its effect in environmental. For this reason we evaluated oil pollution from oil extraction processes, and petroleum refinery in Gjanica River.

Study Design: Analysis of hydrocarbon content for river bed pollution from oil industry are evaluated. This is made by comparing gas chromatogram with the model.  

Place and Duration of the Study: University of Vlora and ex Oil and gas Institute Fier between August 2016 and March, 2017.

Methodology: Sediment samples were collected in the Gjanica River. Extracts were prepared and taken using Soxhlet apparatus in ex Oil and Gas Institute in Fier. And hydrocarbons contents were evaluated using Hewlett Packard 5890 series II gas chromatography.   

Results: Based on the results of oxygen indicators in the Gjanica River COD = 559mg/l and BOD5 = 102.5 mg/l, we conclude that there are no living beings in this area. And based on six sediment samples analysed we see old and new hydrocarbon compounds in bed River.  

Conclusion: High levels of oil products discharges have damaged the living life of the river water for, more than fifty year. This quantity has contaminated sediments of the bed and/or river banks that need to be removed.
Beating of Eucalyptus Pulp Fibers under Neutral and Alkaline Conditions – A Valley Beater Study
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Bajrami Bardhyl
Published: June 2021

Beating is one of the most important and complicated processes that influences paper production and paper quality from both a process and a paper property standpoint.

With increasing costs, environmental regulations and competitiveness in the today’s global market, paper and board producers revisit existing production process to decrease production costs. New approached with additives such as new developed in-situ precipitated paper fillers materials have the potential to reduce production cost and increase profit margins.

For this research bleached eucalyptus Kraft pulp adjusted to a pH of 7.5, 11.0 and 12.3, and laboratory manufactured in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate with a filler level based on oven dry fiber content of 20.9% and 41.7% and a pH of 7.5, and commercial produced precipitated calcium carbonate filler of 10% and 20%. All pulp suspensions were beaten for 80 minutes with samples taken at the unbeaten level and 20 minutes increments.

The beating curve over 80 minutes beating time show that pulp suspensions with in-situ produced filer material have a higher dewatering ability with increasing filler content compared to the pulps with commercial PCC and different pH values.

Viscosity slightly decreases for pulp suspension with commercial and in-situ produced filler content. Pulp suspension at a pH of 12.3 showed a significant decrease in viscosity over the 80 minutes beating time, superseding the filler containing pulp suspensions.

Basis weight decreased over beating time for all pulp suspensions, which can be explained with an increased fines production during beating and lower fiber retention during handsheet forming.

The breaking length index increase for all pulp suspensions till 40 minutes of beating time for the filler containing pulp suspensions.

Tear index and burst index curves based on beating time are similar for all pulp suspensions with a maximum at 40 minutes beating for the tear index and 60 minutes beating for the burst index. High filler containing pulp suspension showed the lowest tear index.
Formulation Development and Optimization of Sustained Release Microspheres of Acebrophylline
Authors: Shah Niyati , Sheikh Ayesha , Jain Hitesh
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Aim of present work is to prepare and evaluate Sustained release microspheres of Acebrophylline for treatment of Asthma.

Experimental work: In present investigation, attempt was made to prepare sustained release microspheres of Acebrophylline with different polymer ratio using Ionic gelation method. Drug- excipient compatibility studies were performed by FTIR. The best suited Microspheres formulation was found on the basis production yield, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release study. Optimized batch of microspheres (B2) was characterized for FTIR, DSC, and SEM analysis. The drug release data of optimized batch was fitted into different release kinetic models. The optimized batch of microspheres (B2) was subjected for the short term stability study at 40 ± 2°C with RH of 75% for a period of 1 month.

Results and discussion: There was no interaction found between drug and excipients. Sodium alginate (2%) concentration, Eudragit RS-100 (1:2) ratio gave highest sustainable property and CaCl2 (2.5%) concentration had a good cross linking property. This observation done on the basis of production yield, entrapment efficiency and In vitro release study. The Microspheres prepared from Ionic gelation method had Drug : Eudragit RS100 (1:2), 2 % Sodium alginate and 2.5 % CaCl2 (B2) give 99.2 % drug release over the periods of 12 hr. The drug release from optimized microspheres formulation (B2) follows first order release kinetic. DSC study showed the melting behavior of drug present into microspheres. SEM studies showed that optimized microspheres were spherical and rough surface.  Stability study proved that optimized formulation (B2) was stable.

Conclusion:  Drug: Polymer ratio and Volume of CaCl2 had significant effect on % Entrapment efficiency and Drug release. From the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study observed that microspheres was spherical and rough surface. Non Fickian diffusion was the mode of drug release from Acebrophylline- loaded microspheres. After stability study no physical changes & almost same drug release was observed in microspheres. Hence, the formulation B2 was stable.
Association between Dietary Pattern and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Murad Manal , Alhareth Abdullah Al , Alnassir Mohammed , Alkheledan Haifa , Alsayed Arafah , Nayyaz Sarah , Almansour Ibrahim , AlOtaibi Shaya , Alqarny Abdulilah , Alotayfi Majed , Alsunidy Abdullah
Published: June 2021

The current evidence supports the fact that obesity is directly involved in a significant correlation with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have been published to report the role of many micronutrients, including carbohydrate, lipids and proteins which enhance or worsen the sensitivity of insulin. Thus, this literature review aims to assess the potential association between the different dietary components and insulin resistance based on the findings from the current studies in the literature. It has been suggested that replacing the consumption of fructose with other carbohydrates substances as fibers and starch might reduce such events and enhance insulin sensitivity as these substances pass intact through the gastrointestinal tract to the colon where they begin to be fermented. Additionally, carbohydrates substances reduce the utilization of free fatty acids by enhancing G-coupling through inhibition of the hormone-sensitive lipase, while the effect of overconsumption of glucose and fructose on insulin resistance is still controversial. Moreover, the quality of lipids is far more important than the quantity. Therefore, frequent ingestion of vegetable oils is suggested to enhance the sensitivity. As for proteins, high protein diets have been proposed for their useful effects. However, they should be carefully described to avoid their potential adverse events.
Assessment of the Deficiency of Vitamin D among the Tuberculosis Patients at People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah, Pakistan
Authors: Sial Sikander Ali , Tanwani Bhojo Mal , Jamali Anwar Ali , Shaikh Farheen , Zardari Asad Ali , Kajal Laxmi , Ahmer Arslan
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess deficiency of Vitamin D among the Tuberculosis Patients at People’s Medical College Hospital (PMCH) Nawabshah, Pakistan.

Methodology: This was a case-control study in which 184 new diagnosed tuberculosis patients aged between 30 to 50 years were selected and 200 were taken as control. The study was conducted from June 2020 to May 2021. Well-structured questionnaire was administered to both case and control groups. Body mass index (BMI) was recorded as (kg/m2). Blood samples were collected for the presence of Vitamin D3 levels. Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyze the data.

Results: The mean age and standard deviation (SD) of the patients was 45.11 ± 7.99 years and gender distribution was females 94/184 (51%) and males 90/184 (49%) in patients. There was Vitamin D deficiency in 79/184 (39%) patients.

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was common among tuberculosis patients in contrast to control group. The female patients with low Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) were having the more deficiency of Vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation has vital role in tuberculosis treatment and prevention.
Development and Validation of Novel Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of Metformin and Repaglinide in Bulk and Formulation
Authors: Kumar H. K. Sundeep , Acharyya Suman , Patra Pratap Kumar
Published: June 2021

A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the estimation of metformin and repaglinide in a API and tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved using DIKMA Endoversil (2.1 x 50mm, 1.7µm) column with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer, pH 4.2 and methanol as a mobile phase (38:62) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and the detection wavelength was monitored at 241 nm. The method was validated in accordance with International conference on harmonization guidelines. In this present method metformin was eleued at 0.516 minute and repaglinide was eluted at 1.152 min. Limit of detection was 0.05 μg/ml for metformin and1.152 μg/ml for repaglinide limit of quantification was found 0.5 μg/mL. Calibration curve plots were found linear over the concentration ranges 1-50 μg/mL for both the analytes. The % assay of the marketed dosage form was found 99.45 % for metformin and 97.08 % for repaglinide. The present study approach was found to be effective in the analysis of both analytes in force degradation conditions, because both the analytes has been specifically eluted in presence of other chromatograms. The experiential evidences of all the study results revealed the suitability of the estimation of metformin and repaglinide in API and tablet dosage form.
Analysis of Benefit Cost Ratio of Sesame Production under Demonstration in Low Lands of Western Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Meleaku Tewoderos , Tshadike Desaly Gebre , Zenbe Goteom
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the cost-benefit of sesame production per hectare under (farmers practice, partial package and full package) practice were farmers performed side by side in their plot. Benefit cost ratio analyses of sesame was conducted in western low lands of Tigray. It includes the production year of 2016/17 E.C and bounded of two woredas with six production sites. In the present study 40 respondents of sesame producers were incorporated. Producers were categorized in to full package (row planting, fertilizer and improved seed users), partial package (broadcast, fertilizer and improved seed users) and non package (broad cast and improved seed). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 in terms of percentage, mean, model and others. On the other hand, per hectare yield, return, production cost, and benefit cost ratio of each package were statistically different. The mean productivity per hectare for full package, partial package and non package was 6.55, 5.26 and 3.85 quintal sequentially. The mean return per hectare of full package, partial package, and non package was 26243.75, 21746.25 and 13178.91 birr sequentially. The production cost per hectare of full package, partial package, and non package was 13826.74, 12561.35 and 8681.46 birr respectively. The mean benefit cost ratio was 1.90, 1.74 and 1.50 birr respectively for full package, partial package and non package.