bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sanitation, water, energy use, and traffic volume affect environmental quality: Go-for-green developmental policies
Authors: Khalil Luqman , Abbas Shujaat , Hussain Kamil , Zaman Khalid , Iswan  , Salamun Hailan , Hassan Zainudin Bin , Anser Muhammad Khalid
Published: August 2022

Carbon emissions are primarily the result of human activity in urban areas. Inadequate sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, nonrenewable energy, and high traffic congestion have all impacted the natural ecosystem. Using data from 1975 to 2019, the study assessed the impact of the aforementioned variables on Pakistan’s carbon emissions in light of this crucial fact. The ARDL cointegration method was used to estimate the short- and long-run parameter estimates. Urban sanitation challenges and energy consumption increase carbon emissions, which affects the natural environment by raising a country’s carbon intensity. Economic expansion confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth to verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In contrast, the monotonically rising function of carbon emissions provides evidence of the nation’s economic development in the short run. Access to clean drinking water improves population health and encourages the purchase of eco-friendly products. The government must improve sanitation services and use renewable energy sources to enhance air quality.
Exploration of mentor and mentee perspectives of a mentored clinical practice programme to improve patient outcomes in musculoskeletal physiotherapy
Authors: Williams Aled , Phillips Ceri J. , Rushton Alison
Published: August 2022

Background

A recent randomised controlled trial has demonstrated the impact on practice of an educational programme for clinicians. Mentored clinical practice in musculoskeletal physiotherapy resulted in clinically significant improvements in both physiotherapist performance and patient outcomes. The objectives of this study were to explore mentor and mentee perceptions of a mentored clinical practice programme, in order to identify key factors in the process to improve patient outcomes.

Methods

Employing a case study design of a mentoring programme that led to improved patient outcomes, mentored clinical practice was explored from multiple perspectives using a grounded theory strategy of enquiry to derive a theory of mentored clinical practice grounded in the views of the participants. Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of mentors and mentees were employed along with qualitative observations of mentored clinical practice. Data analysis and collection were concurrent, with analysis an iterative process deriving inductive analytical categories from the data through constant comparison.

Findings

Highly informative themes of how the complex interaction between mentor, mentee, patient and environment worked successfully were identified from the data. The mentors’ knowledge, additional perspectives, critical analysis and facilitatory style were enabling factors, as were mentees’ motivation, openness to criticism and commitment to reflect on practice. Themes around potential threats to the mentees’ development were also identified. Overloading or contradictory feedback and lack of relationship with mentees were barriers that mentors could bring; fear, defensiveness, routine working, people-pleasing and lack of experience were potential mentee barriers. A model emerges from the data demonstrating how these themes interact, providing guidance to mentors and mentees to optimise the effectiveness of mentored clinical practice.

Conclusion

This study provides a sound basis for future mentored clinical practice, producing a model from key themes from a case study where impact on clinician performance and patient outcomes are established.
Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil
Authors: Diniz Amanda Nadia , Moura Loren Nery Fontoura , Cruz Diogo Soares Gonçalves , Oliveira Junior Carlos Augusto , Figueiredo Henrique César Pereira , Cunha João Luís Reis , Vilela Eduardo Garcia , Kuijper Edward J. , Wilcox Mark H. , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
Published: August 2022

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is an evolving global healthcare problem, and owing to the diverse and dynamic molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, new strains continue to emerge. In Brazil, only two cases of CDI due to the so called hypervirulent PCR ribotype (RT) 027 belonging to clade 2 have ever been reported, whereas incidence of CDI due to another “hypervirulent” RT078 (clade 5) has not yet been reported. In contrast, novel clade 2 strains have been identified in different hospitals. To better understand the epidemiology of CDIs in Brazil, this study aimed to genotypically and phenotypically characterize three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains (RT883, 884, and 885) isolated from patients with confirmed CDI. In addition, to better understand the circulating RTs, a two-year sampling was conducted in patients from the same hospital and in several domestic and wild animal species. The three strains examined showed lower production of A/B toxins than the control RT027, although two of these strains harbored a truncated tcdC gene. All strains showed swimming motility similar to that of RT027, while RT883 showed higher spore production than the reference strain. In the in vivo hamster model, the lethality of all strains was found to be similar to that of RT027. Both cgMLST and cgMLSA analyses revealed a high genetic similarity among the three-novel clade 2 isolates. In the two-year survey in animals and humans, RT883, 884, and 885 were not detected; however, three new RTs (RT988, RT989, and RT990) were isolated, two of which were genetically related to the three previously reported clade 2 strains. RT106 and RT126 were most frequently detected in humans (47.9%) and animals (57.9%), respectively. Furthermore, RT027 and RT078 were not detected in humans. The results of this study suggest that these novel clade 2 strains have virulence potential and that new strains from clade 2 continue to emerge in our setting, indicating the need for long-term local surveillance.
Highly scalable maximum likelihood and conjugate Bayesian inference for ERGMs on graph sets with equivalent vertices
Authors: Yin Fan , Butts Carter T.
Published: August 2022

The exponential family random graph modeling (ERGM) framework provides a highly flexible approach for the statistical analysis of networks (i.e., graphs). As ERGMs with dyadic dependence involve normalizing factors that are extremely costly to compute, practical strategies for ERGMs inference generally employ a variety of approximations or other workarounds. Markov Chain Monte Carlo maximum likelihood (MCMC MLE) provides a powerful tool to approximate the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of ERGM parameters, and is generally feasible for typical models on single networks with as many as a few thousand nodes. MCMC-based algorithms for Bayesian analysis are more expensive, and high-quality answers are challenging to obtain on large graphs. For both strategies, extension to the pooled case—in which we observe multiple networks from a common generative process—adds further computational cost, with both time and memory scaling linearly in the number of graphs. This becomes prohibitive for large networks, or cases in which large numbers of graph observations are available. Here, we exploit some basic properties of the discrete exponential families to develop an approach for ERGM inference in the pooled case that (where applicable) allows an arbitrarily large number of graph observations to be fit at no additional computational cost beyond preprocessing the data itself. Moreover, a variant of our approach can also be used to perform Bayesian inference under conjugate priors, again with no additional computational cost in the estimation phase. The latter can be employed either for single graph observations, or for observations from graph sets. As we show, the conjugate prior is easily specified, and is well-suited to applications such as regularization. Simulation studies show that the pooled method leads to estimates with good frequentist properties, and posterior estimates under the conjugate prior are well-behaved. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach with applications to pooled analysis of brain functional connectivity networks and to replicated x-ray crystal structures of hen egg-white lysozyme.
The relationships of family income and caste-status with religiousness: Mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Voracek Martin
Published: August 2022

The relationship between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and religiousness is well known; however, its (psychological mediation) mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we studied the mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU; a personality measure of self-uncertainty) in the effect of SES on religiousness and its dimensions (i.e., believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging), in two different samples (students sample,N= 868, and community sample,N= 250), after controlling the effects of factors like age, sex, handedness, and self-reported risk-taking. The results showed that IU mediated the effects of lower family income and lower caste status (in students’ sample only) on religiousness and its dimensions; higher caste status had a direct effect on religiousness (and its dimensions), and; among the sub-factors of IU, only prospective IU affected religiousness. Thus, along with showing that IU is a mediator of the effects of lower family income and lower caste status on religiousness, the present study supports the contention that religiousness is a latent variable that varied factors can independently initiate. Moreover, the present study suggests a nuanced model of the relationship between the hierarchical caste system and religiousness.
Effects of three regeneration methods on the growth and bacterial community diversity of Populus × euramericana
Authors: Fu Yanyan , Ding Changjun , Fan Jianmin , Li Yongtan , Yao Lizhu , Yang Minsheng , Su Xiaohua , Wang Jinmao
Published: August 2022

To study the effects of different regeneration methods on the growth and bacterial community diversity of Populus × euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ (poplar 107), we investigated the growth of poplar 107 trees under three regeneration methods in 2017 and 2020, and sequenced the 16S rDNA V5–V7 regions in stem endophytic, root endophytic, and rhizosphere soil bacteria present in samples from the three regeneration methods using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform. The growth analysis showed that stump grafting regeneration (ST) and stump sprouting regeneration (SP) presented similar tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH), which were significantly lower by planted seedling regeneration (CK). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the rhizosphere soil bacteria appeared to be significantly more diverse and rich than the root and stem endophytic bacteria. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity of bacterial community structure among the rhizosphere soil, root, and stem was small. Thus, the three sample types showed significant differences in bacteria. While comparing the two years, 2020 was significantly more diverse and rich than 2017. With the increase in stand age, the abundance of Proteobacteria increased and the abundance of Acidobacteria decreased. Among the three regeneration methods, ST significantly increased the diversity of stem endophytic bacteria. Chthoniobacter was enriched in SP, which promoted the decomposition of organic matter, and more plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were accumulated in the rhizosphere of SP and ST. The composition of the bacterial community was similar in the three regeneration methods, but the community composition was different. Regeneration and transformation of poplar plantations can be better carried out by stump grafting and stump sprouting.
Structural model of the relationship between physical activity and students’ quality of life: Mediating role of body mass index and moderating role of gender
Authors: Hoseini Mahdieh , Bardoon Samaneh , Bakhtiari Afsaneh , Adib-Rad Hajar , Omidvar Shabnam
Published: August 2022

Background

As a country’s future leaders and pioneers, University students must live with healthy habits. In order to achieve a healthy lifestyle, Physical activity and Quality of Life can serve as suitable indices to study. The purpose of the study was to clarify how physical activity (PA), Body mass index (BMI) and gender relate to the quality of life (QOL) of students of Medical Sciences University by using a structural equation model.

Methods

The research was a cross-sectional study. The number of participants was 225 students of the University. The participants answered three questionnaires, including Demographic, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short form), and Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-12), BMI was calculated by anthropometric measures, as well. The Structural equation model (SEM) method was employed. The Fitness of the proposed pattern was measured using the following indexes: chi-square/degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/DF), Normed Fit Index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR). In the analysis the significant level was considered as P < 0.05.

Results

PA (r = -0.726, P<0.001) and QOL (r = -0.405, P<0.001) have significantly inverse relationship with BMI, whereas the QOL and PA were proven to be positively related (r = 0.357, P<0.001). Moreover, the results signify gender as a moderator in the relationship between PA and QOL (Δχ2 (10) = 19.903, P = 0.030) and also the mediatory role of BMI among students. BMI affects the QOL in men (P < 0.001, β = -0.307) more in compare to women women (P = 0.324, β = -0.158).

Conclusion

Study findings supported the research hypothesis. Gender exhibited moderating role in the relationship between PA and QOL, considering the mediating role of BMI.
Combining ablative radiotherapy and anti CD47 monoclonal antibody improves infiltration of immune cells in tumor microenvironments
Authors: Rostami Elham , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Ghaffari-Nazari Haniyeh , Alinezhad Maedeh , Alimohammadi Masoumeh , Alimohammadi Reza , Mahmoodi Chalbatani Ghanbar , Hejazi Ehsan , Webster Thomas J. , Tavakkol-Afshari Jalil , Jalali Seyed Amir
Published: August 2022

Radiotherapy as an anti-tumor treatment can stimulate the immune system. However, irradiated tumor cells express CD47 to escape the anti-tumor immune response. Anti- CD47 Immunotherapy is a possible way to tackle this problem. This study evaluated the effect of single high dose radiotherapy combined with an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody (αCD47 mAb) in CT26 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice. We assessed the tumors volume and survival in mice 60 days after tumor implantation. Also, immune cell changes were analyzed by flow cytometry in tumors, lymph nodes, and spleen. Combination therapy enhanced the anti-tumor response in treated mice by increasing CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages and decreasing M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Also, our results showed that combination therapy increased survival time in mice compared to other groups. Furthermore, tumor volumes remarkably decreased in mice that received a single high dose RT plus αCD47 mAb. In conclusion, we showed that combining RT and αCD47 mAb improved the immune cell population in TME, regressed tumor growth, and increased survival in tumor-bearing mice.
Application of the dynamic needle tip positioning method for ultrasound-guided arterial catheterization in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shim Jae-Geum , Cho Eun A. , Gahng Tae-Ryun , Park Jiyeon , Lee Eun Kyung , Oh Eun Jung , Ahn Jin Hee
Published: August 2022

Background

Arterial cannulation in elderly patients is difficult because of age-related morphological changes. Applying dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP) that guides the catheter to position inside the vessel sufficiently may aid in successful cannulation.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled patients aged over 70 years, who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with arterial cannulation. The patients were randomly assigned to the DNTP (group D, n = 76) or the conventional short-axis view(group C, n = 75) group. The arterial depth, diameter, and arterial conditions(calcification, segmental stenosis, and tortuosity) were evaluated using ultrasound, before puncture. We recorded the first attempt success, cannulation time, the number of attempts, and cannulation-related complications.

Results

A total of 151 patients were enrolled in this study. The first attempt success rate in group D was significantly higher than that in group C (89% versus 72%; P = 0.0168). The median cannulation time per last attempt in group D versus group C was 25 versus 30 sec(P = 0.0001), and the overall cannulation time was 25 versus 35 sec(P = 0.0001), respectively. Arterial cannulation per last attempt and overall cannulation time were shorter in group D. The number of attempts was higher in group C (P = 0.0038). The occurrence rate of hematoma was significantly lower in group D (16% versus 47%, relative risk = 3.0, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions

The DNTP method may improve the first attempt success rate of arterial cannulation and reduce complications in elderly patients over 70 years of age.
The comparative genomic analysis provides insights into the phylogeny and virulence of tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine strain Senzhang
Authors: Zhang Meng , Tian Jingyong , Li Hongying , Cang Ming
Published: August 2022

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most dangerous tick-borne viral pathogens for humans. It can cause severe tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), multiple neurological complications, and death. The European subtype (TBEV-Eu), Siberian subtype (TBEV-Sib), and Far-Eastern subtype (TBEV-FE) are three main TBEV subtypes, causing varying clinical manifestations. Though TBEV-FE is the most virulent TBEV subtype, the degree of variation in the amino acid sequence of TBEV polyprotein is not high, leaving an issue without proper explanation. We performed phylogenic analysis on 243 TBEV strains and then took Senzhang strain as a query strain and representative strains of three major TBEV subtypes as reference strains to perform the comparative genomic analysis, including synteny analysis, SNP analysis, InDel analysis, and multiple sequence alignment of their envelope (E) proteins. The results demonstrated that insertions or deletions of large fragments occurred at the 3’ end but not at the 5’ end or in the CDS region of TBEV Senzhang strain. In addition, SNP sites are mainly located in the CDS region, with few SNP sites in the non-coding region. Our data highlighted the insertions or deletions of large fragments at the 3’ end and SNP sites in the CDS region as genomic properties of the TBEV Senzhang strain compared to representative strains with the main subtypes. These features are probably related to the virulence of the TBEV Senzhang strain and could be considered in future vaccine development and drug target screening for TBEV.
Succinate and inosine coordinate innate immune response to bacterial infection
Authors: Jiang Ming , Chen Zhuang-gui , Li Hui , Zhang Tian-tuo , Yang Man-jun , Peng Xuan-xian , Peng Bo
Published: August 2022

Macrophages restrict bacterial infection partly by stimulating phagocytosis and partly by stimulating release of cytokines and complement components. Here, we treat macrophages with LPS and a bacterial pathogen, and demonstrate that expression of cytokine IL-1β and bacterial phagocytosis increase to a transient peak 8 to 12 h post-treatment, while expression of complement component 3 (C3) continues to rise for 24 h post-treatment. Metabolomic analysis suggests a correlation between the cellular concentrations of succinate and IL-1β and of inosine and C3. This may involve a regulatory feedback mechanism, whereby succinate stimulates and inosine inhibits HIF-1α through their competitive interactions with prolyl hydroxylase. Furthermore, increased level of inosine in LPS-stimulated macrophages is linked to accumulation of adenosine monophosphate and that exogenous inosine improves the survival of bacterial pathogen-infected mice and tilapia. The implications of these data suggests potential therapeutic tools to prevent, manage or treat bacterial infections.
Hygrothermal monitoring of replacement infill panels for historic timber-frame buildings: initial findings
Authors: Whitman Chris J. , Prizeman Oriel , Walker Pete , McCaig Iain , Rhee-Duverne Soki
Published: August 2022

Energy retrofits aim to improve the thermal performance of buildings’ external envelopes. With buildings of traditional construction there exists the risk that these improvements may lead to interstitial condensation and moisture accumulation. For historic timber-framed buildings, this potentially exposes the embedded historic timbers to conditions favouring fungal decay and insect infestation. Hygrothermal digital simulations can assess this risk, but these have limitations, especially regarding the study of historic and traditional materials, due to a lack of accurate material data. The research presented in this paper therefore uses the monitoring of physical test panels to examine the performance of four different infill solutions. These are, traditional wattle and daub, a composite of wood fibre and wood wool boards, expanded cork board, and hempcrete. The article focuses on the design and construction of the test cell and presents initial results from the first year of monitoring, following the initial drying phase. These showed no evidence of interstitial condensation in any of the panel build-ups, with increases in moisture content correlating directly with climatic measurements of wind-driven rain. Infill materials with low moisture permeability were seen to produce higher moisture contents at the interface with the external render due to the concentration of moisture at this point. Those panels finished in the more moisture permeable lime-hemp plaster, overall present lower moisture contents, with reduced drying times. The use of perimeter, non-moisture permeable, sealants would appear to potentially trap moisture at the junction between infill and historic timber-frame. The monitoring work is ongoing.
Albert Ballin 1890-1918: Politische und unternehmerische Spielräume des leitenden Managers der Hamburg Amerika Linie (HAL) im Wilhelminismus
Authors: Meyer-Lenz Johanna
Published: August 2022

Johanna Meyer-Lenz untersucht in ihrem Beitrag die Rolle Ballins im machtpolitischen Raum in Deutschland und in Hamburg. Das weltweite erfolgreiche Agieren des Generaldirektors der seit 1900 weltgrößten Reederei Hamburgs erfolgte überwiegend im Einklang mit der Politik Wilhelms II. Seine einflussreiche Machtstellung nutzte Ballin für den Ausbau und die Machterhaltung des wirtschaftlichen Unternehmens im transatlantischen Handel und aufgrund der internationalen kolonialen Konfliktonstellationen. Die Loyalität Ballins zur Monarchie geriet angesichts der desaströsen Kriegsführung von Kaiser und OHL ins Wanken. Im Herbst 1918 unterstützte Ballin Wilsons Vorschlag, in seinen Augen geeignet, Demokratie und globale Wirtschaftspolitik zu verbinden und die Gefahr eines sozialistischen Regimes zu bannen.
»Wie wählen wir am besten?« Wahlen und Wahlkämpfe in Hamburg in der Phase der Transformation vom Kaiserreich zur Weimarer Republik (Januar 1919 bis Juni 1920)
Authors: Omland Frank
Published: August 2022

Frank Omland geht anhand der ersten drei demokratischen Wahlen nach der Novemberrevolution (Nationalversammlung 19.1.1919, Bürgerschaft 16.3.1919, Reichstag 6.6.1920) Fragen zum Wahlkampf, den beteiligten Parteien und dem Abstimmungsverhalten der Wahlberechtigten nach. Im ersten Teil wurde mit Fokus auf die bürgerlichen Parteien der Verlauf des Wahlkampfes 1919 nachgezeichnet. Im zweiten Teil folgte eine wahlstatistische Analyse aller Ergebnisse in den Stimmbezirken unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Soldaten und der Frauen. Danach errang die SPD 1919 eine überwältigende Mehrheit auf Ebene der Wahllokale, während die Liberalen die rechten bürgerlichen Parteien dominierten und diese in Hamburg marginalisierten. Die relative Wahlniederlage von SPD und DDP 1920 beruhte darauf, dass die SPD-Stimmen an die USPD und - deutlich stärker - ans Nichtwählerlager abgab, und die Liberalen hohe Verluste zugunsten von DVP und DNVP hinnehmen mussten. Dabei kam es zu keinen nennenswerten Wählerwanderungen zwischen den bürgerlichen Parteien und den Arbeiterparteien. Die Analyse der Wahlergebnisse von 1919 auf 1920 belegt eine Verschiebung des Kräfteverhältnisses in der Stadt Hamburg von der »sozialliberalen« demokratischen »Mitte« in Richtung der rechten Bürgerlichen und der linken USPD.
Zur medialen Performativität von Männlichkeit in Kino und Film in Deutschland 1918/19
Authors: König Christiane
Published: August 2022

Im Artikel wird deutlich, dass 1918/19 kein absoluter Bruch im Filmdispositiv des Kinos und Films in Deutschland stattfand. Allerdings zeigt er auf, dass sich die Anordnung der medialen Differenzierungen, die durch performative Wiederaufführungen bereits existierender Medien schon immer das Filmdispositiv ausmachten, in filmisch-ästhetischer und kinematografischer Hinsicht modifizierte. Anhand des Filmbeispiels "Opium - Eine Sensation der Nerven" unter der Regie von Rob Reinert aus dem Jahr 1918/19, lässt sich daher auch demonstrieren, wie sich dies auf die performative Gestaltung von Männlichkeit im Medium Film auswirkte, die seit dem 19. Jahrhundert in der sozialen und repräsentativen Dynamik der beiden double binds von 'gleich' und 'anders' sowie 'homo' und 'hetero' ihre Ausdrucksformen fand.
Zwei große Schwestern fragen sich: Wie war das für dich?
Authors: Kurt Irem , Maiwald Katrin
Published: August 2022

Irem Kurt und Katrin Maiwald widmen sich in diesem Beitrag dem Verhältnis von Spielerin und Spielleiterin im Kontext theaterpädagogischer Generationenclubarbeit am Staatstheater. Ihr Gespräch adressiert die Reflexion ästhetischer und gruppendynamischer Erfahrungen aus den gemeinsamen Theaterprojekten, formuliert außerdem Visionen für eine zukünftige machtkritische Theaterpädagogik und enthält einen Fragekatalog als Impuls für die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Spielleiter*innen und Spieler*innen. Die Autor*innen versuchen ihre Verhaltensmuster und Positionierungen immer wieder zu benennen und zu überdenken, um die vermeintlich festen Rollen und damit verbundenen Zuschreibungen Spielleiterin und Spielerin, Schülerin und Thea-terpädagogin, Jugendliche und Erwachsene etc. in Bewegung zu bringen und als dynamische Identitätskategorien wahrnehmbar zu machen.
Subversive Spielräume
Authors: Büchner Felix , Traulsen Sören
Published: August 2022

Felix Büchner und Sören Traulsen widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der These, dass das »Postdigitale Schultheater« besondere Potenziale bietet, Partizipation von Schüler*innen zu ermöglichen. Dabei sehen sie in der Strategie des »Cultural Hackings« bzw. in der Befähigung von Schüler*innen als kulturelle Hacker*innen die Möglichkeit, schulisch etablierte kulturelle Skripte zu überschreiben und sie im Rahmen von » Subversiven Spielräumen« neu zu verhandeln. Zur Veranschaulichung werden drei beispielhafte Subversive Spielräume (Gamifizierung, Datafizierung, Post-Internet-Ästhetisierung) vorgestellt und bezüglich ihrer Implikationen für das Postdigitale Schultheater reflektiert. Der Beitrag versteht sich als multidisziplinäres »Thinkpiece«, das sich mit seinen Impulsen an eine zeitgenössische schultheaterpädagogische Theorie und Praxis wendet.
Hungrig am Kulturbüfett
Authors: Jachalke Susanne
Published: August 2022

Susanne Jachalke untersucht in diesem Beitrag, welche Gründe es für Barrieren durch Klassenunterschiede in der Theaterpädagogik gibt und wie diese abgebaut werden können. Dazu greift sie nicht nur auf ihre eigene Biogroafie, sondern auch auf die Modelle des »Kapital« und »Habitus« des Soziologen Bourdieu zurück, gibt aber ebenso Reflexionshilfen für die eigene praktische Arbeit im Bereich der Theaterpädagogik.
Ethnografie der Hochschule: Ein Forschungsprogramm
Authors: Berli Oliver , Reuter Julia , Meyer Daniel
Published: August 2022

Der Beitrag diskutiert den Stellenwert ethnografischer Perspektiven in der Hochschulforschung anhand von Pionierstudien und Schlüsseltexten. Ausgehend von Phänomenen aus dem Alltag von Studierenden, des Hochschulpersonals und der Wissensproduktion skizziert er Anknüpfungspunkte einer Ethnografie der Hochschule, die sich mithilfe des Konzepts des Settings neue Themenfelder und methodische Zugänge zur universitären Praxis erschließt und sich damit auch programmatisch zur gängigen Hochschulforschung positioniert.
Die Hochschulbibliothek als Lernort
Authors: Schoof Kerstin
Published: August 2022

Kerstin Schoof gibt in diesem Beitrag einen Einblick in ethnografische Herangehensweisen zur Erforschung von Nutzer*innen und Nutzungskulturen in Hochschulbibliotheken. Ethnografische Studien haben insbesondere zum Verständnis der Bibliothek als Lernort beigetragen, der trotz - oder aufgrund? - der zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Medien, Lern- und Schreibprozessen intensiv von den Studierenden genutzt wird. Welche Bedarfe haben die Studierenden, und inwieweit sind diese orts- oder fachspezifisch? Wie passen Wissenschaft und Forschung in das Bild der Bibliothek als Lernort? Ethnografische Methoden können einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Gestaltung von Hochschulbibliotheken leisten, der die Vielfalt ihrer Nutzer*innengruppen berücksichtigt.
Diszipliniertes Denken: Lesen und Schreiben an Hochschulen
Authors: Krey Björn
Published: August 2022

Björn Krey wimdet sich in diesem Beitrag den Praktiken des Lesens und Schreibens im Forschen, Lehren und Studieren. Lesen und Schreiben werden als allgegenwärtige For-men der Denkarbeit im wissenschaftlichen Alltag begriffen. Diese Denkarbeiten werden diszipliniert durch die Hochschule als Organisation und als Verhaltensumgebung ebenso wie durch die Medien, Materialien, Wissensobjekte, Sozialbeziehungen und Traditionen jeweiliger Wissenschaftskulturen. Wie dies geschieht, wird mithilfe der analytischen Me-taphern der "Reservate" und der "Maschinen" untersucht. Diese helfen, den Wissen-schaftsbetrieb analytisch zu befremden, und sichtbar zu machen, wie das Denken im Le-sen und Schreiben als körperliches Verhalten eingespannt wird in umfassendere Kommu-nikations- und Organisationsstrukturen.
Aktivismus
Authors: Kim Tae Jun
Published: August 2022

Tae Jun Kim skizziert in diesem Beitrag zunächst die Entstehungsgeschichte eines sogenannten Fat Activism im US-amerikanischen Raum und diskutiert im Anschluss die heterogenen und vielfältigen Ausrichtungen fat aktivistischer Denkweisen wie auch möglichen Problemlagen, die mit der Etablierung einer gemeinsamen fetten Identität einhergehen.
Curvy
Authors: Kindinger Evangelia
Published: August 2022

Evangelia Kindinger widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Bedeutung des Wortes »curvy«, das als Beschreibung dicker Körper verwendet wird und hier kritisch hinterfragt wird.
Epidemiologie
Authors: Kim Tae Jun
Published: August 2022

Tae Jun Kim geht in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach, welcher Stellenwert der Sozialepidemiologie in der Problematisierung des dicken Körpers zukommt. Zwar ist es grundsätzlich begrüßenswert, dass hohes Körpergewicht auch als Produkt sozialer Einflussfaktoren diskutiert wird, verengt den Blick jedoch zu sehr auf den eigenen Lebensstil und die Verantwortung des Selbst in der Entstehung von hohem Körpergewicht.
Prävention
Authors: Schmidt-Semisch Henning
Published: August 2022

Schmidt-Semisch stellt fest, dass die wesentlichen Ansatzpunkte für Präventionsmaßnahmen im Kontext von hohem Körpergewicht im Grunde seit Jahren dieselben geblieben und vor allem darauf ausgerichtet sind, das Verhalten der Kinder und Jugendlichen zu verändern. Diese Maßnahmen würden nicht nur als unwirksam kritisiert, sondern trügen unter anderem auch zur Selbststigmatisierung der Betroffenen bei. Vor diesem Hintergrund plädiert er dafür, die Verhältnisse und dabei insbesondere auch Überwindung der gesellschaftlichen Obesophobie in den Blick zu nehmen.
Schwangerschaft
Authors: Tolasch Eva
Published: August 2022

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus einer (bio)kritischen Gesundheits- und Geschlechterperspektive mit 'dicker Schwangerschaft' im Setting der Fat Studies. Im Fokus stehen dabei zwei Fragen: 1. Was passiert mit dicken Frauen*, wenn sie schwanger werden (wollen)? 2. Was passiert in einer schlankheitsfixierten Gesellschaft mit (dicken) Frauen*, wenn sie qua Schwangerschaft (zu) dick werden?
YouTube
Authors: Schreier Judith
Published: August 2022

In dem Beitrag »Youtube« werden die Komplexitäten der dicken Repräsentation auf verschiedenen sozialen Medien beleuchtet.
Arte argentino - Ästhetik und Identitätsnarrative in der argentinischen Kunst
Authors: Geuer Lena
Published: August 2022

Die künstlerischen Arbeiten von Marta Minujín und Luis Felipe Noé nehmen eine zentrale Position in der argentinischen Kunst von den 1960er Jahren bis heute ein. Lena Geuer widmet sich mit der Frage nach der ¿Arte argentino? kritisch dem Verhältnis von Kunst und Nation und lotet aus einer postkolonialen und sinnlich-materiellen Perspektive das Spannungsfeld zwischen Ästhetik, Identität und Politik aus. Zugleich wird ¡Arte argentino! auch als Feststellung verhandelt, wodurch Genealogie und Kanon einer eurozentrischen Kunstgeschichtsschreibung ins Wanken und die bildende Kunst in Bewegung geraten.
In der Plattformfalle
Authors: Lovink Geert
Published: August 2022

Wir sitzen alle in der Plattformfalle! Doomscrolling ist die neue Normalität des digitalisierten 24/7-Online-Lebens und scheinbar abhängig von großen Plattformen finden wir nicht mehr ins unbeschwerte Zeitalter dezentraler Netzwerke zurück: Zoom-Müdigkeit, Cancel Culture, Kryptokunst und psychische Regression bilden die zentralen Elemente einer allgemeinen Theorie der Plattformkultur. Geert Lovink zeigt auf, wie wir in dieser Kultur das Internet zu unseren Bedingungen zurückgewinnen können. Er zeichnet eine rückfallbeständige Geschichte vom Aufstieg von Plattformalternativen nach, die auf einem tiefen Verständnis des digitalen Abstiegs beruht.
Gehörlose und Hörende
Authors: Pilling Caroline-Sophie
Published: August 2022

Es gibt kein Gebärdenland aber unser Normen- und Wertesystem ist hörend. Wir haben es mit Kultur(en) zu tun, die nicht lokalisierbar sind. Wie können Räume innerhalb dieses Spannungsverhältnisses von Behinderung und Interkulturalität von Gehörlosen und Hörenden konstruiert werden? Räume, in denen der Körper Anlass von Sprache ist, wo Macht verhandelbar ist, wo Kultur(en) gelebt und erfahren werden. Unter Rückgriff auf Homi K. Bhabhas Konzept des dritten Raumes und Martina Löws Konzept der Raumsoziologie befragt Caroline-Sophie Pilling gleichsam Vertreter*innen der Gehörlosen-Community und der Hörenden-Welt zu ihren Perspektiven, wie das Verhältnis Gehörloser und Hörender besser gestaltet werden kann.
O Centenário da Independência chegou
Authors: Pedrosa da Silva Laila
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a participação do estado do Piauí na Exposição Internacional de 1922, realizada em alusão às comemorações do Centenário da Independência do Brasil. A exposição foi pensada como uma espécie de vitrine para exibir o progresso da nação e divulgar um ideário de modernidade que irradiava da capital republicana, Rio de Janeiro. Assim, o Governo convocou todos os estados da federação para comparecer ao grande ato de patriotismo. No entanto, as elites políticas piauienses não se sentiram confortáveis em compor o evento ao lado dos demais estados, alegando que a situação econômica da região era vergonhosa em virtude da falta de investimentos do Poder Central voltados para a exploração dos seus recursos naturais. A partir de jornais, mensagens governamentais, catálogos dos produtos expostos e correspondências, constatamos que no Piauí a exposição não teve tanta repercussão, expressando ecos dissonantes em relação a outras regiões, uma vez que suas elites políticas a perceberam enquanto momento de resistência e protesto pela situação de abandono em que se encontrava o território. O estado participou do certame de maneira incompleta, isto é, com apenas alguns itens enviados de forma independente, sem nenhuma articulação com as autoridades políticas locais.
The Selection of Propeller and Primary Engine Matching of A 30 GT Fishing Vessel (Case Study KM Inka Mina 759)
Authors: Muhammad Andi Haris , Thariq Alfin , Yusuf Zulkifli , Yudo Hartono , Yasir M.
Published: August 2022

Reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions in the development of ship propulsion systems following the required Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has become a concern for the fishing industry as determined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This study analyzes the suitability of using a 30 GT fishing vessel propeller and propulsion engine for optimum efficiency. The analysis focuses on developing a propulsion system selection model, studying the characteristics of the ship's resistance, loading propellers, and selecting the appropriate engine. The propeller-engine matching procedure predicts the propeller and engine suitability. Furthermore, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method determines the suitability level for the propeller and diesel engine. The results showed the highest level of suitability for the Yanmar 6CH-HHTEC engine versus the A.30X34 type propeller with 31.7%. Then the Deutz BF06M1013MC engine versus the B.30X28 propeller type, the Yuchai YC6A170C engine versus the B30X28 propeller type, and the Volvo D7ATA engine versus the B30X28 propeller type with percentages of 26.6%, 26.4%, and 15.3%, respectively. The high level of SP2 selection is due to the propulsion system having minimal noise levels, dimensions, and engine weight but having maximum power.
Sustained hyperkalemia in an asymptomatic primary care patient. When to suspect familial pseudohyperkalemia
Authors: Castillo Pérez Carlos , Rodríguez Alonso Laura , Prados Boluda Adrián , Cebrián Ballesteros Marta , Torrubia Dodero Blanca
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Study and management of a case with elevated potassium levels without apparent clinical causes in successive follow-up visits.

Case presentation

We present the case of a primary care female patient who persistently exhibited elevated levels of potassium (5.3–5.9 mmol/L) in successive control laboratory tests, without an apparent clinical cause. The patient was ultimately referred to the Unit of Nephrology, where a potassium-low diet was indicated. Diet did not have any effect on potassium levels. After a thorough study, the cause of hyperkalemia could not be determined.

Conclusions

The inconsistency between elevated potassium levels and the reason of consultation, and exclusion of other pre-analytical or pathological causes raised suspicion of familial pseudohyperkalemia. The sample was incubated at different times and temperatures to demonstrate their influence on levels of potassium in blood. Familial pseudohyperkalemia was established as the most probable diagnosis. Finally, the patient was discharged from the Unit of Nephrology and instructed to follow a normal diet.
Stability of combination of rarefaction waves with viscous contact wave for compressible Navier-Stokes equations with temperature-dependent transport coefficients and large data
Authors: Dong Wenchao , Guo Zhenhua
Published: August 2022

In this article, we study the large-time behavior of combination of the rarefaction waves with viscous contact wave for a one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes system whose transport coefficients depend on the temperature. It is shown that if the adiabatic exponent γ is suitably close to 1, the unique solution global in time to ideal polytropic gas exists and asymptotically tends toward the combination of a viscous contact wave with rarefaction waves under large initial perturbation. New and subtle analysis is developed to overcome difficulties due to the smallness of γ – 1 to derive heat kernel estimates. Moreover, our results extend the studies in a previous work [F. M. Huang, J. Li, and A. Matsumura, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 197 (2010), no. 1, 89–116].
Minimal hypersurfaces in manifolds of Ricci curvature bounded below
Authors: Ding Qi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the angle estimate of distance functions from minimal hypersurfaces in manifolds of Ricci curvature bounded from below using Colding’s method in [T. H. Colding, Ricci curvature and volume convergence, Ann. of Math. (2) 145 1997, 3, 477–501]. With Cheeger–Colding theory, we obtain the Laplacian comparison for limits of distance functions from minimal hypersurfaces in the version of Ricci limit space. As an application, if a sequence of minimal hypersurfaces converges to a metric coneC⁢Y×ℝn-k{CY\times\mathbb{R}^{n-k}}(2≤k≤n{2\leq k\leq n}) in a non-collapsing metric coneC⁢X×ℝn-k{CX\times\mathbb{R}^{n-k}}obtained from ambient manifolds of almost nonnegative Ricci curvature, then we can prove a Frankel property for the cross sectionYofCY. Namely,Yhas only one connected component inX.
Source term model for elasticity system with nonlinear dissipative term in a thin domain
Authors: Dilmi Mohamed , Dilmi Mourad , Boulaaras Salah , Benseridi Hamid
Published: August 2022

This article establishes an asymptotic behavior for the elasticity systems with nonlinear source and dissipative terms in a three-dimensional thin domain, which generalizes some previous works. We consider the limit when the thickness tends to zero, and we prove that the limit solution

u

∗

{u}^{\ast }

is a solution of a two-dimensional boundary value problem with lower Tresca’s free-boundary conditions. Moreover, we obtain the weak Reynolds-type equation.
Why do zombie firms seldom die or resurrect? The effect of government subsidies on the survival duration of China’s zombie firms
Authors: Deng Ming , Wang Jinbo
Published: August 2022

One of the most important tasks in China’s supply-side structural reform is to effectively clean up zombie firms. Using industrial firm-level data in China from 1998 to 2007, we identified zombie firms in Chinese industrial sectors. Based on the identified zombie firms, we measured the survival duration of zombie firms and empirically studied the effect of fiscal subsidies on the survival duration of zombie firms by using survival analysis. Results revealed that fiscal subsidies significantly lengthened the survival duration of zombie firms. Specifically, fiscal subsidies not only reduced the possibility of zombie firms exiting the market, but more importantly, they reduced the possibility of zombie firms’ resurrection. Thus, fiscal subsidies do not contribute to the “death” or “resurrection” of zombie firms. These results are robust despite changing the identification method and the survival analysis method, and considering the endogeneity of fiscal subsidies. Our findings show that we should adhere to market-oriented mechanism in disposing zombie firms and cut off the channels that government transfuses to zombie firms by fiscal subsidies.
Chromizing of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel; Microstructural Evolution and Corrosion Performance
Authors: Funch C. V. , Dahl K. V. , Christiansen T. L. , Somers M. A. J.
Published: August 2022

While maraging steels are excellent candidates for additive manufacturing of high-strength materials, most of them provide little to no corrosion resistance. In this study, the surface of additively manufactured maraging steel is augmented with diffusion-based chromizing. The diffusion of chromium into the surface results in the formation of α-Cr, σ-phase and austenite depending on the chromium content at the respective distance from the surface. The bulk consists of a ductile bcc martensite hardened by precipitation of intermetallics during a low temperature ageing treatment. The σ-case provides a very high hardness, while the austenite phase is rather soft and unaffected by the ageing treatment. The chromizing treatment significantly reduced the corrosion rate of the maraging steel up to a factor of 14. Decomposition of the σ-case into a uniform case of austenite (austenitic stainless steel) further improved the corrosion resistance almost 24 times. This showed the strong potential of the chromizing treatment on a highstrength material to obtain a combination of their beneficial properties.
Customizing continuous chemistry and catalytic conversion for carbon–carbon cross-coupling with 3dP
Authors: McMillin Robert E. , Clark Brian , Kay Kaitlin , Gupton B. Frank , Ferri James K.
Published: August 2022

Support structures of various materials are used to enhance the performance of catalytic process chemistry. Typically, fixed bed supports contain regular channels enabling high throughput because of the low pressure drop that accompanies high flow rates. However, many fixed bed supports have a low surface-area-to-volume ratio resulting in poor contact between the substrates and catalyst. Three dimensional polymer printing (3dP) can be used to overcome these disadvantages by offering precise control over key design parameters of the fixed bed, including total bed surface area, as well as accommodating system integration features that are compatible with continuous flow chemistry. Additionally, 3dP allows for optimization of the catalytic process based on extrinsic constraints (e.g. operating pressure) and digital design features. These design parameters together with the physicochemical characterization and optimization of catalyst loading can be tuned to prepare customizable reactors based on objectives for substrate conversion and desired throughput. Using a Suzuki (carbon–carbon) cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by palladium, we demonstrate our integrated approach. We discuss key elements of our strategy including the rational design of hydrodynamics, immobilization of the heterogeneous catalyst, and substrate conversion. This hybrid digital-physical approach enables a range of pharmaceutical process chemistries spanning discovery to manufacturing scale.
Krimis, Crime und Pop-Kriminologie
Authors: Hoppe Amina , Neubacher Frank
Published: August 2022

Kurzfassung

Die Darstellungen in den Medien bestimmen das gesellschaftliche Bild von Kriminalität maßgeblich mit. Dabei geht es nicht allein um die Berichterstattung über reale Sachverhalte, sondern auch, und dies stellt den Fokus des vorliegenden Aufsatzes dar, um fiktive Formate. Anhand der aktuellen Studienlage wird diskutiert, inwieweit und wodurch diese in besonderem Maße gesellschaftliche (Fehl-)Vorstellungen prägen, welche Folgen dies auch für den tatsächlichen Umgang mit Kriminalität hat und welche besonderen Chancen sich ergeben, wenn kriminologische Themen und Erkenntnisse auch in Unterhaltungsformaten Beachtung finden.
Inquiry & Ordinary Truthmakers
Authors: Schipper Arthur
Published: August 2022

This paper argues that accepting an ordinary approach to truthmakers and rejecting something I call “the metaphysical knowledge assumption” (MKA) allows us to account for inquiry in terms of truthmaking. §1 introduces inquiry and the potential place of truthmakers in inquiry. §2 presents the relevant ordinary notion of truthmakers. §3 presents and motivates MKA. This assumption, I argue (§4), makes a truthmaker-focused account of inquiry whose objects are notthe fundamental nature of thingsimpossible and thus should be rejected. The ordinary picture, which understands truthmakers not exclusively in terms of the objects of fundamental reality or of semantics (§5), but in terms of the relevant, intentional objects of inquiry, gives us an attractive, general, truthmaker-based view of inquiry.
Crystal structure of 9-bromo-4-(6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin- 2-amine, C18H15BrN4O
Authors: Li Wenxuan , Wang Lei , Jiang Nan , Hou Guige , Liu Yongjun
Published: August 2022

C18H15BrN4O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.5097(7) Å, b = 6.6990(5) Å, c = 23.5623(15) Å, β = 92.038(6)°, V = 1657.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0393, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0863, T = 150.00(10) K.