bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of performing arts graduates, lecturers, and employers on the role of internship programmes in enhancing employability in South Africa
Authors: Yende Sakhiseni Joseph
Published: December 2024

Framed within Human Capital Theory, this article explores the role of internships in improving the employability of performing arts graduates in South Africa. Although collaboration between the performing arts industry and higher education institutions is crucial for addressing the issue of graduate unemployment, there has been limited collaboration between these two entities. This lack of engagement results in a significant disconnect between the skills taught in academic settings and the skills demanded by the industry. Like fields of higher education, the South African performing arts sector faces a significant challenge in graduate unemployment, which can be largely attributed to the lack of collaboration between universities, the industry, and government. This article explores the perceptions of performing arts graduates, lecturers, and employers on the role of internship programmes in enhancing employability in South Africa. A qualitative research approach was employed, using purposive sampling to select ten performing arts graduates, five employers, and five lecturers with substantial knowledge of the South African performing arts industry and its challenges. A review of existing scholarly literature was also conducted to complement the findings from interviews. The study finds that internships provide essential practical experience, which is critical for career development and improving the employability of graduates. It further reveals that the absence of strong collaboration between universities, the performing arts industry, and government limits the opportunities for graduates. The article concludes by emphasising the need for partnerships that foster knowledge and skill sharing, joint projects, and enhanced funding for the performing arts sector. Such collaborations can benefit both educational institutions and the industry by creating a more integrated approach to graduate development.
להחליש את המבט: בין הטרדות מיניות להטרדות על רקע גזעי
Authors: ירדאי אפרת
Published: December 2024

הדיון בהטרדות מיניות כלפי נשים צבר תאוצה בעשור האחרון, ובארצות הברית ביתר שאת וגם בישראל, עם התגבשותה של תנועת #MeToo. כאישה שחורה בישראל מוצאת אפרת ירדאי כי החוויה הגופנית והמנטלית בהטרדות מיניות דומה להפליא לזו הכרוכה בהטרדות על רגע גזעי. במסה זו היא תוהה מה בין שתי התופעות הללו מבחינה סוציולוגית – כיצד הן מתקבלות או נדחות בספרה החברתית, ואיזו השפעה יש לתפיסה החברתית הזאת על החוויה האישית של המוטרדת. באמצעות שישה מקרים, שלושה מהם הטרדות מיניות ושלושה הטרדות גזעיות, ירדאי מנסה לפענח את ההיגיון החברתי והפרטי שלהן.
מסה על ניצחונו של הדיאלוג
Authors: אבבה פקדה
Published: December 2024

החיבור מסה על ניצחונו של הדיאלוג הוא רפלקציה עצמית וקבוצתית שמנסה להכניס את הקוראת אל נבכי הדיון הסוער בסוגיה הסבוכה של ישראליות מול יהודיות ומקומם של יהודי אתיופיה בהקשר זה. הניסיון הזה להציג ניתוח פוליטי־חברתי על מצבה של קהילת יהודי אתיופיה בישראל מבקש לפלס דרך לעבר תפיסה פוליטית שמביאה בחשבון את הגיוון בחברה הישראלית. הוא מנסה לאתגר את היהודיות הספציפית שמכתיבה את סדר היום הדתי, התרבותי, החברתי והפוליטי בישראל, ובה בעת להניח תשתית רעיונית לדיון על האופן שבו ישראליות יכולה לשמש ליהודי אתיופיה פלטפורמה אזרחית לפעולה פוליטית. כדי לצאת אל מחוץ להשקפת היהודיות, המניחה אחידות חברתית מדומיינת – אחידות שאף שאינה קיימת בפועל, בכוחה להטיל דופי בהיתכנותה של אחדות בסיסית ישראלית – המסה מראה כיצד יחידים וקבוצות שמוצאים עצמם מחוץ לגבולות הנחשבוּת יכולים ליצור פעולות פוליטיות בעלות אופי אמנציפטורי.
ונוס בשתי מערכות
Authors: הרטמן סעידיה
Published: December 2024

סעידיה הרטמן, מההוגות השחורות החשובות בזמננו, מבקשת לכתוב את הבלתי אפשרי דרך התחקות אחר חייה ומותה של ונוס, שפחה שחורה צעירה השבוייה בספינת עבדים. דרך ליקוט השיירים והחורים השחורים שהותירה אחריה ונוס, הרטמן מבקשת לבוא חשבון עם הארכיון הטרנס־אטלנטי, שהרי האלימות שהושתה על גופה ועל חייה של ונוס עיצבה באופן בלתי הפיך גם את שובל המסמכים והעדויות שנותרו בעניינה, ושדרכם יכולה כעת ההיסטוריונית להתוודע אליה. במצב דברים זה, איך אפשר לבקר את זירת השעבוד בלי לשעתק את הדקדוק של האלימות? אם לא מספיק עוד לחשוף את השערורייה, כיצד אפשר לייצר מהארכיון הזה מערך חדש של תיאורים? מתוך כישלונה של הרטמן היא מניחה יסודות לשיטה שהיא מכנה פבולציה ביקורתית – פרקטיקה של כתיבה המתוארת כמאמץ נגד מגבלות הארכיון, ואשר מצטרפת למערכת המושגים והמתודולוגיות שהרטמן פיתחה כדי להתמודד עם ארכיון העבדות האטלנטי.
The Cultivation of Creativity in the Classroom
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Greece, Antonis Theofilidis
Published: December 2024

The human brain plays an important role in every creation, whether
it is associated with human survival and the construction of the first
tools, with mental functions, with artistic creations or even with
the confrontation of everyday human problems. Creative thinking
is the ability of the human mind to search and find many original -
innovative alternatives, to solve various problems, ideas and solutions.
It is also the qualitative impulse behind every given act of creation,
and is generally considered to be related to intelligence and cognitive
function.
An In-Depth Study in TCA cycles, OPA1, S6K1, ATPase, TLR4, MHC-class-I, GCs, and IFNs Bio-Synthesis, and Their Roles of Deficiency in Diabetes, Asthma, Cancer, etc and the NAD Roles in Their Activities”
Authors:   Biomedical molecular studies, Toronto Canada, and Cairo Egypt, El Tantawi Ashraf Marzouk
Published: December 2024

The roles of S6K1 is regulating ATPase, and GTPase synthesis,
and consequently the endocytic proliferations including endocytic
soluble MHC class II synthesis which regulate both SIRPα1 and
TLR4 synthesis , where diabetes reflect deficiency in Ser amino
acids that reflect deficiency in pyrimidines synthesis consequently
deficiency in Estrogen and reflect increasing in androgen synthesis
with increasing in consuming in purines (A&G) that lead to
decreasing in anabolic processes which depends on presence of
adenosine and guanosine stored in ribosomes.
Inhibition Plcγ2 and Hydrophobic Acids Synthesis Cause Osteoarthritis, Diabetes and C-Lymphocytic Leukemia Diseases where Normally Plcs Can Recover Interferons Synthesis
Authors:   Biomedical and Molecular Studies, Egypt, El Tantawi Ashraf Marzouk
Published: December 2024

Proper S6K regulate BTK pathways wgich regulate PLCγ2 synthesis which are main regulations for thromboxane-A “TXA2” synthesis, and
necessary for B-cell maturations and T-cells modulations and functions.
Old Testament Law, Pastoral Counseling, and Community Engagement in Lutheran Perspective
Authors: Kofoed Jens Bruun
Published: December 2024

The paper explores Martin Luther's stance on Old Testament law, specifically his dismissal of the Mosaic law’s binding nature for Christians. It argues that Luther’s reliance on natural law as an inherent instinct for grasping the order of creation raises challenges due to the inherent ambiguity and fallen nature of human understanding. The analysis delves into biblical, philosophical, and historical perspectives on natural law, underscoring the intricacies surrounding its practical application. Additionally, the article criticizes Luther’s supersessionist theology, which posits the replacement of Mosaic law by Christ, asserting that it lacks exegetical rigor. The significance of comparative studies in comprehending Mosaic Law is demonstrated by drawing insights from ancient Near Eastern legal traditions. This approach presents a model that views Mosaic law as normative covenantal instruction adaptable to real-life situations. Building on these insights, the paper recommends considering Richard Averbeck’s and Nicolai Winther-Nielsen’s approaches to Mosaic law and its application in contemporary Christian life.
Thoughts on the Use the (Hebrew) Bible in the Assessment of Current Ethical Issues – Part II: The Question of the "How?"
Authors: Zehnder Markus
Published: December 2024

In this study, the author looks at how biblical texts in general and Old Testament texts in particular can be used to address current ethical issues. The main focus is on the identification of the four main steps in the transfer from biblical text to current ethical issues: exegetical analysis of the biblical text – synthetical view of the biblical material – hermeneutical transfer – pragmatic application. In addition, some of the salient topics related to the ethical use of the (Hebrew) Bible are investigated: the traditional threefold division of the law, the special role of the Decalogue, the importance of creational order, the weight of exodus and Sinaitic covenant, the discussion about the unique position of love, and the lenses provided by the New Testament. Towards the end, guidelines for the assessment of the relative weight of rules and principles are presented.
Abraham’s Battle with the Mesopotamian Kings and His Encounter with Melchizedek
Authors: Hoffmeier James K.
Published: December 2024

The events described in Genesis 14 have been of great interest to biblical scholars and theologians over the centuries, especially seeking to understand the nature of the meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek and the significance of the priest-king of Salem offering bread and wine to the Patriarch. While theological readings typically dominate the literature on this mysterious meeting, the intent of this study is to examine this encounter in its military setting side-by-side with other Old Testament texts and ancient Near Eastern parallels. The latter will include focusing on Gen 14:13–18 alongside the Tale of Sinuhe, Tanaach Tablet 6, Papyrus Anastasi I, and other sources. It will be suggested that Melchizedek’s actions are consistent with one seeking to appease a military victor.
Odpowiedzialność za nieautoryzowane transakcje płatnicze – wybrane zagadnienia wynikające z implementacji PSD2
Authors:   Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wyżykowski Bartosz
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie wątpliwości interpretacyjnych wiążących się ze zmianami wprowadzonymi w ustawie o usługach płatniczych w wyniku implementacji PSD2, w zakresie odpowiedzialności z tytułu nieautoryzowanych transakcji płatniczych. Artykuł nie stanowi kompleksowej analizy omawianego zagadnienia, lecz dotyka wybranych zagadnień problemowych pojawiających się w związku ze stosunkowo niedługim obowiązywaniem nowych przepisów. Szczególny nacisk położono na analizę skutków braku wymagania lub akceptowania silnego uwierzytelniania użytkownika (SCA). Omówione zostały również przepisy regulujące odpowiedzialność z tytułu nieautoryzowanych transakcji płatniczych zainicjowanych za pośrednictwem dostawcy świadczącego usługę inicjowania transakcji płatniczej.
Safety and yield of sputum induction for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children in a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Owusu K S , Kwarteng-Owusu S , Wireko-Brobby N , Osei E , Abrafi E , Appiah F A , Enimil A , Sylverken J , Owusu-Ofori A , Gray D M , Ansong D , Zar H J
Published: December 2024

Background. Induced sputum (IS) is a sampling technique for obtaining lower airway samples for microbial investigations, including GeneXpert and culture for microbiological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Objectives. To investigate the safety and yield of IS in children admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ghana with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in children aged 3 months - 14 years at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, over the 6-month period January - June 2022. All children with breathing difficulty and other signs of respiratory distress were given respiratory support, and IS samples were obtained when respiratory distress had resolved. One or two IS samples were collected from each child within 48 hours of admission by a trained nurse after at least 4 hours of fasting. Children were monitored during and for 30 minutes after the procedure, with recording of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature and pulse rate. They were also monitored for any adverse events such as vomiting, wheezing and nosebleeds.
Results. A total of 144 children were sampled, with approximately two-thirds sampled a second time. Nearly half of the participants were aged <2 years (49.3%; n=71/144), and the median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 2.5 (0.9 - 6.8) years. Ninety-eight children (68.1%) tested positive for PTB by Xpert Ultra, with 19/98 (19.4%) being rifampicin resistant; 47/102 (46.1%) were positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and 57/102 (55.9%) were positive by Auramine O staining. Three children (2.1%) had an episode of epistaxis following the procedure. No other adverse events were observed. Measurements before and 30 minutes to 1 hour after the procedure (median (IQR)) were similar: temperature 36.5oC (36.5 - 37.5oC) v. 36.5oC (36.2 - 37.1oC), oxygen saturation 98% (92 - 99%) v. 98% (93 - 99%), pulse rate 120 (106 - 139) v. 125 (112 - 142) bpm, and respiratory rate 38 (30 - 48) v. 33 (30 - 45) cycles per minute.
Conclusion. We found sputum induction to be a safe and well-tolerated procedure in the paediatric population, with minimal clinical risk and a high microbiological yield for PTB.
Is this airway safe?
Authors: Jacobs C , Goussard P , Merven M , Gie A , Venkatakrishna S S B , Andronikou S
Published: December 2024

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The Development and Implementation of a Quality Improvement Review Committee (QIRC): An Ethical and Pragmatic Imperative
Authors: McMillan Sarah E. , Tosoni Sarah , Smith Kerry-Ann , Chau Betty , Oh Paul , Steele Catriona , Chartier Lucas B. , Heesters Ann
Published: December 2024

Background: In complex academic healthcare systems, quality improvement (QI) projects designed to improve care and enhance learning proliferate, yet there is considerable variation with respect to how, or even whether, these projects receive ethical oversight. As a result of a high volume of projects that were submitted to one of our research ethics board (REB) panels, but deemed not-research and therefore not eligible for review, questions at our organization began to surface with respect to how the ethical dimensions of QI projects might be assessed, and which institutional approvals might be required to ensure compliance with emerging normative standards. Methods: A mixed-methods environmental scan led to a retrospective quantitative analysis of our organization’s QI projects coupled with in-depth qualitative consultations with staff, physicians, and learners across our health network. REB exemptions were analyzed via run charts to assess baseline QI project volumes and thematic analyses were conducted on field notes from 133 stakeholder consultations. Results: During a 34-month period, 117 REB exemption letters were issued for QI projects. Consultations identified the need for: a clearly defined ethical review process for QI projects, appropriate governance structures, and opportunities to identify and mitigate risk. Respondents also spoke to the ethical imperative to conduct QI initiatives. This paper discusses how these themes contributed to the development and implementation of our Quality Improvement Review Committee (QIRC). Conclusion: Since 2020, over 840 projects have been reviewed by our QIRC, with a view toward mitigating risks for patients, staff, and QI project teams across UHN.
Ethical Considerations of Generation Ships: A Bioethical Analysis
Authors: Sinan Israa , Park Gavin
Published: December 2024

Generation ships are a concept in science fiction that represents a spaceship designed for long space journeys which travel over multiple generations to a final destination. Throughout the paper, this science fiction concept is a metaphor for human life on earth, to examine the transgenerational effects on definitions of person, privacy, and death, and analyzing how major bioethical principles apply.
ClBRN1 from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium enhances the stress resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Yanxi , He Wenting , Liu Yueyue , Mei Chendi , Wang Hai , Song Xuebin
Published: December 2024

Background

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat.) is a particularly important autumn perennial flower for potted plant, flower bed and border, and cut flower with high ornamental value. However, abiotic stress can affect the ornamental quality of Chrysanthemum. NAC (NAM, ATAF1-2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating plant growth and development, as well as responding to abiotic stresses.

Methods

In this study, the ClBRN1 (Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium BEARSKIN gene) was isolated from the Chrysanthemum model plant C. lavandulifolium. And analyze the function of the gene through bioinformatics, subcellular localization and overexpression.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis showed that the ClBRN1 gene was a member of the NAC TFs family, with a CDS (coding sequence) length of 1,080 bp and encoding 359 amino acids. The subcellular localization results found that the gene was located in the nucleus and cell membrane. Furthermore, the transgenic results in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the gene significantly reduces plant height while improving salt and low temperature tolerance. Observation of paraffin sections of Arabidopsis stems also revealed that the secondary cell wall of overexpressing Arabidopsis stems was significantly thicker than that of wild-type. The above results indicate that the ClBRN1 gene may play an important role in regulating plant resistance to abiotic stress. This study will provide new insights for molecular breeding of resistant chrysanthemums in the future.
O ensino de sociologia na educação básica: aportes para a cidadania e o mundo do trabalho
Authors: Santos Adelcio Machado dos , Felisbino Felipe , Bragagnolo Sandra Mara , Pizzol Gislaine Aparecida Caldato Dal , Baade Joel Haroldo
Published: December 2024

A Sociologia, como campo do saber, possui importância central na formação crítica dos jovens ao fomentar a capacidade de análise das estruturas sociais e das dinâmicas de poder que influenciam o cotidiano. Tem-se como objetivo discutir o ensino de Sociologia na Educação Básica, inserida no contexto das transformações educacionais e das demandas sociais contemporâneas. Esta é uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa, a partir da análise de estudos sobre a Sociologia na Educação Básica, além, também, de documentos e instrumentos legais sobre o tema. Entre os principais pontos discutidos, destaca-se o fato de que, embora a BNCC reforce a importância de uma formação crítica e cidadã, a Sociologia ainda enfrenta obstáculos, como a marginalização curricular e a falta de recursos específicos, sendo necessária ampla discussão sobre políticas e estratégias que fortaleçam sua presença na educação básica brasileira.
Contaminação Do Solo Por Metais Pesados Após A Deposição De Pilhas Alcalinas Investigada Pela Cromatografia De Pfeiffer
Authors: Miranda Juslâne da Silva , Santos Maria Aparecida do Nascimento dos
Published: December 2024

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a contaminação do solo após a deposição de pilhas alcalinas em superfície, analisando a viabilidade da cromatografia de Pfeiffer como indicador de qualidade do solo. O trabalho foi realizado na UEMS - campus de Dourados. Amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho foram coletadas em área sob pastagem, nas profundidades 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm, sendo alocadas em tubos de PVC. Os tratamentos caracterizados como solo sem descarte de pilhas (SSP) e solo com descarte de pilhas (SCP), foram analisados aos 3 (três) e 6 (seis) meses após a instalação do experimento. Foram realizadas análises cromatográficas e análise do teor de metais pesados por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os cromatogramas foram interpretados e avaliados quanto a cor, terminações, radiações, integração entre zonas (central, interna, intermediária e externa), e atividade biológica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A cromatografia de Pfeiffer mostrou pequena diferença entre os tratamentos, mostrando melhor qualidade no SSP, que apresentou maior integração entre zonas, especialmente na superfície do solo. Houve aumento significativo no teor de Ni aos três meses no SCP, em 0-20 cm. Aos seis meses observou-se aumento no teor de Cr no SCP em 40-60 cm. Entretanto, os teores dos metais pesados permaneceram abaixo dos valores orientadores estabelecidos pela resolução CONAMA nº 420. A cromatografia de Pfeiffer mostrou-se uma técnica eficiente para o monitoramento da qualidade solo, podendo ser utilizada como ferramenta diagnóstica e complementar às análises químicas.
Photochemical Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Surface Morphology Techniques
Authors: Jules-César Meledje Djedjess Essoh , Akesse Djamatché Paul Valery , Léonce Kouadio David , Aristide Yapi Yapo Hermann , Yvan Zran , Marc Gouli Bi Irié , Albert Trokourey
Published: December 2024

Methylene blue (MB) is a synthetic dye widely used in textile industries. This work describes the application of solar radiation to direct degradation by photolysis of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Experiments were conducted at room temperature to study the effects of exposure time, solution volume and MB concentration on dye degradation rates. The results show that the maximum amount of methylene blue removed is 6.8 mg/L, representing a yield of 51.2%, obtained at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, volume of 50 mL and exposure to solar radiation for 5 hours. These results also indicate an increased efficiency of direct photolysis of methylene blue as the concentration of the dye increases. The kinetic model analysis indicates that the absorption of methylene blue follows a first-order kinetics, with a constant velocity k=1,3.10-3 min-1. Direct solar photolysis is an effective method to degrade or even remove methylene blue in water.
Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Rivers State
Authors: Danagogo Lawson Stephenson , Nwalozie Rhoda
Published: December 2024

Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) has become a significant health concern, especially among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Determining the prevalence of OBI among this population is crucial for informing targeted screening and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI among people living with HIV/AIDS in Rivers State, Nigeria, and to assess potential demographic and clinical factors associated with OBI/HIV comorbidity.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 HIV-positive individuals attending healthcare facilities in Rivers State from May to July 2021. Blood samples were collected, and serum samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) to detect OBI. Demographic and clinical data were also collected from participants.
Results: Among the 392 participants, the overall prevalence of OBI was found to be 0.5%. Age-specific analysis revealed a higher prevalence among individuals aged 30-50 years. No statistically significant associations were observed between OBI/HIV comorbidity and marital status, educational status, employment status, or sex.
Conclusion: The study highlights a low prevalence of OBI among HIV/AIDS patients in Rivers State, Nigeria, with specific age-related patterns. While no significant associations were found with demographic factors, the findings underscore the importance of targeted screening efforts, particularly among middle-aged individuals. Future research with larger sample sizes and comprehensive risk factor assessments is recommended to elucidate further the burden and determinants of OBI among this population, ultimately contributing to more effective prevention and control strategies.
The Role of Spatial Political Economy in Shaping Urban Design
Authors: Lorzangeneh Mojtaba
Published: December 2024

Like other disciplines, urban design is grounded in substantial theoretical foundations, despite differences among experts. Although urban design has undergone significant transformations over time, the evolving needs of urban spaces have played a critical role in shaping its adaptation. Notably, the theoretical and real objects of urban design—civil society and the public realm—are regarded as superior to those of related fields such as architecture and civil engineering. The development of a robust theoretical foundation for urban design through the lens of spatial political economy, as conceptualized by Alexander Cuthbert, has proven to be highly valuable. Cuthbert identified the integrative knowledge of urban design as the outcome of a coherent foundation that unites both theory and practice. This research adopts a theoretical and fundamental approach, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method and employing content analysis. By examining the evolution of Cuthbert's perspectives, the study seeks to analyze urban design through the framework of spatial political economy. The findings indicate that the dialectical relationship between urban design and Spatial Political Economy (SPE) establishes urban design as a distinct and structured discipline. This mutual dialectic is reflected in the process of place-making, where the production and reproduction of space align with the principles of SPE, and urban design serves as the mechanism for shaping urban spaces. It is clear that urban design stands as its own discipline, without requiring idealizations borrowed from other fields. Spatial Political Economy provides the most comprehensive framework for understanding urban design. Cuthbert’s perspective ultimately fosters a convergence of overlapping ideas, enabling the development of a strong theoretical foundation for urban design that promotes the enhancement of the public realm in cities.
FDA warns vendors to stop ‘peddling unproven CBD products’
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2019

The Food and Drug Administration is cracking down on marketing of cannabidiol (CBD).
TiO2/WO3 Bilayer as Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 20%
Authors: You Yibo , Tian Wei , Min Liangliang , Cao Fengren , Deng Kaimo , Li Liang
Published: November 2019

It is crucial to retard the carrier recombination and minimize the energy loss at the transparent electrode/electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite absorber interfaces to improve the performance of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a bilayered TiO2/WO3 film is designed as ETL by combining atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology and spin‐coating process. The ALD‐TiO2 underlayer fills the fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) valleys and makes the surface smoother, which effectively avoids the shunt pathways between perovskite layer and FTO substrate and thereby suppresses electron–hole recombination at the interface. Moreover, the presence of hydrophilic TiO2 underlayer is helpful in forming a uniform and compact WO3 layer which is beneficial for extracting electron from perovskite to ETL. Meanwhile, the lower valance band minimum level of TiO2 relative to WO3 can efficiently enhance the hole‐blocking ability. By employing the optimized TiO2 (7 nm)/WO3 bilayer as ETL, the resulting cell exhibits an obviously enhanced power conversion efficiency of up to 20.14%, which is much better than the single WO3 or TiO2 ETL based device. This work is expected to provide a viable path to design ultrathin and compact ETL for efficient PSCs.
NH2‐GQDs‐Doped Nickel‐Cobalt Oxide Deposited on Carbon Cloth for Nonenzymatic Detection of Glucose
Authors: Wu Meiyan , Zhu Jiawei , Ren Yanfang , Yang Nan , Hong Ying , Wang Wenjun , Huang Wei , Si Weili , Dong Xiaochen
Published: November 2019

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) play a vital role in improving electrocatalytic activity during constructing various composites. Among them, heteroatoms‐doped GQDs can further improve the conductivity and electrocatalytic properties of the composites. Herein, NH2‐GQDs‐doped NiCo2O4, grown on carbon cloth, is developed through one‐step hydrothermal process. The NH2‐GQDs doping significantly enhances its electrochemical performance due to its high electron transfer rate and synergistic effects. Severing as freestanding electrochemical electrode, the NH2‐GQDs/NiCo2O4 composite on carbon cloth exhibits low detection limit of 0.27 × 10−6 m and high sensitivity of 2521.33 µA mm−1 cm−2 for nonenzymatic determination of glucose. Furthermore, the fabricated glucose sensor shows outstanding selectivity and reproducibility. These results indicate that the NH2‐GQDs‐doped NiCo2O4 provides a convenient platform for nonenzymatic determination of glucose in the future.
Performance of form‐stable myristic acid/polymethyl methacrylate composite phase‐change material coated with nitrile butadiene rubber/polyacrylic acid layered coatings
Authors: Wong John Lin Onn , Munusamy Yamuna , Yu Gen Qian , Kee Shin Yiing , Seng Ong Kok
Published: November 2019

The aim of this work is to determine the effect of coating and blending composition of myristic acid (MA) with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the latent heat and thermal stability of phase change material (PCM). Form‐stable PCM (FSPCM) was prepared by blending MA with PMMA and then coating with nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyacrylic acid (PA) layers. This is the first attempt to coat the PCM with elastomeric latex. Leakage test results showed that addition of 20 wt% PMMA to the MA and NBR‐PA coating layers could eliminate leakage in sample PCM8O. Tensile test results showed that NBR‐PA coating material provide sufficient strength and elasticity to hold the PCM during the phase change process. Latent heat of melting and freezing of the form stable PCM80 is 107.56 J/g and 102.26 J/g, which is comparable with other results in the literature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48642.
Alcohol‐triggered silk fibroin hydrogels having random coil and β‐turn structures enhanced for cytocompatible cell response
Authors: Kaewprasit Kanyaluk , Kobayashi Takaomi , Damrongsakkul Siriporn
Published: November 2019

Alcohol additive is one of the stimulants that induces the fast gelation of silk fibroin solution. Based on our previous report, different alcohol types influence the gelation kinetic and the properties of resulting silk fibroin hydrogels. Here, the effects of alcohol concentrations on the silk fibroin gelation and cell response were reported. All fibroin hydrogels prepared with various alcohol additives showed cell biocompatibility, especially the fibroin hydrogel prepared with 10 wt %n‐butanol. Results on the mechanical properties of hydrogels,n‐butanol additive enhanced a higher compressive modulus up to ~ 22 times in comparison to non‐alcoholic fibroin hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared analysis and peak deconvolution showed a possible formation of more β‐turn linkage and random coil structure of fibroin segments in alcoholic fibroin hydrogel. So, the micro‐segmental structure of fibroin hydrogel caused the higher compressive modulus, prolonged deformation of the hydrogels, and efficient cell growth on the fibroin hydrogel. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48731.
The effect of pelvic tilt on three‐dimensional coverage of the femoral head: A computational simulation study using patient‐specific anatomy
Authors: Uemura Keisuke , Atkins Penny R. , Peters Christopher L. , Anderson Andrew E.
Published: November 2019

Improved understanding of how three‐dimensional (3D) femoral head coverage changes as the pelvic sagittal inclination (PSI) is altered would advance clinical diagnosis of hip pathoanatomy. Herein, we applied computer modeling of 3D computed tomography reconstructions of the pelvis and proximal femur to quantify relationships between the PSI and regional 3D femoral head coverage. Eleven healthy, young adult participants with typically developed hip anatomy were analyzed. The orientation of the pelvis was altered to define a PSI of −30° to 30° at 1° increments. Hip adduction and rotation were fixed in a standing position, which was measured by direct in vivo imaging of the pelvis and femur bones using dual fluoroscopy. Femoral head coverage was quantified in the anterior, superior, posterior, and inferior regions for each PSI position. Change in coverage was largest in the anterior region (29.8%) and smallest in the superior region (6.5%). Coverage increased linearly in the anterior region as the PSI increased, while a linear decrease was found in the posterior region and the inferior region (all p < .001). The slopes of the regression line for these regions were 0.513, −0.316, and −0.255, respectively. For the superior region, coverage increased when the PSI was altered from −30° to 5° and decreased when the PSI was larger than 5°. Overall, a 1° increase in PSI resulted in an increase of 0.5% in anterior coverage and a decrease of 0.3% in posterior coverage. Our findings provide baseline data that improve understanding of the effect of PSI on femoral coverage.
Meta-analysis of the impact of progesterone receptor status on oncological outcomes in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Boland M R , Ryan É J , Dunne E , Aherne T M , Bhatt N R , Lowery A J
Published: November 2019

Background

Assessment of the oestrogen receptor (ER) provides important prognostic information in breast cancer. The impact of progesterone receptor (PgR) status is less clear. Standardization of immunohistochemical analysis of these receptors has reduced interstudy heterogeneity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of PgR negativity on outcomes in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer.

Methods

This study was performed according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify studies comparing disease-free survival as the primary outcome and overall survival as secondary outcome between PgR-positive (PgR+) and PgR-negative (PgR–) status in ER+ breast cancer. A meta-analysis of time-to-effect measures from included studies was undertaken.

Results

Eight studies including 13 667 patients, 11 838 in the ER+PgR+ group and 1829 in the ER+PgR– group, met the inclusion criteria. Treatment characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. Patients in the ER+PgR– group had a higher risk of disease recurrence than those who had ER+PgR+ disease (hazard ratio (HR) 1·57, 95 per cent c.i. 1·38 to 1·79; P < 0·001). This hazard was increased in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative tumours (HR 1·62, 1·37 to 1·93; P < 0·001). A similar result was observed for overall survival (HR 1·69, 1·33 to 2·14; P < 0·001).

Conclusion

PgR negativity is associated with significant reductions in disease-free and overall survival in ER+ breast cancer. Treatment and surveillance strategies in these patients should be tailored accordingly.
Electrochemical characteristics of a hyperthermophilic enzyme in microdroplets stirred and heated by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroaki , Shoji Hikaru , Amaya Satoshi , Saiki Tsunemasa , Takamura Eiichiro , Satomura Takenori , Suye Shin‐ichiro
Published: November 2019

Micro total analysis system (μTAS) is expected to be applied in various fields. In particular, since electrochemical measurement is inexpensive and easy, electrochemical measurement can be integrated with a microchannel. However, electrochemical detection sensitivity in a microchannel is lowered because the diffusion of the detection target is limited. In an ordinary electrochemical detection system, using a stirrer in a beaker can overcome limited diffusion. We previously proposed a new detection system that combines a microliquid solution agitation technology using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with the μTAS. The SAWs function as microstirrers, thus making electrochemical detection possible by overcoming limited diffusion of the sample. However, when the solution is stirred by the SAWs, the temperature of the solution increases to 70°C due to vibrational energy. This leads to enzyme inactivation and impaired electrochemical response. Therefore, in this study, we used a hyperthermophile‐derived enzyme. Temperature and electrochemical characteristics of the detection system using SAWs and a multi‐copper oxidase (MCO) derived from the hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrobaculum aerophilum were studied. Laccase, which is an MCO derived from the thermophilic fungus Trametes versicolor, was also studied. We also characterized the enzyme‐electrochemical reaction using SAWs by comparing the magnitude of the reduction current obtained using the two enzymes with different heat resistances. We observed an increase in the electrochemical response with the SAWs, without impaired enzyme activity. Thus, the use of a thermostable enzyme is suitable for the development of a biosensor that uses SAWs for agitation.
Pd NPs Decorated on POPs as Recyclable Catalysts for the Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolidinones from Propargylic Amines via Atmospheric Cyclizative CO2 Incorporation
Authors: Ghosh Swarbhanu , Riyajuddin Sk , Sarkar Somnath , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: November 2019

A novel approach has been taken for the synthesis of a microporous polymeric materials of BBA‐1 and BBA‐2 (benzene−benzylamine), which is a POP (porous organic polymer) with its excellent surface area determined by BET study, via Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of benzene and benzylamine (or 4‐methoxybenzylamine) by utilizing a cross‐linker (formaldehyde dimethyl acetal) and a promoter (anhydrous FeCl3). Pd NPs were decorated over BBA‐1 and modified BBA‐2 to generate the desired catalysts (Pd@BBA‐1 and Pd@BBA‐2 respectively). The characterizations of the synthesized nanomaterials have been conducted by FE‐SEM, wide‐angle powder XRDmethods, N2 adsorption/desorption studies and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pd NPs decorated porous polymers are described here to facilitate the carboxylative cyclization of several propargylamine derivatives leading to the corresponding desired products (2‐oxazolidinone) under the application of ambient conditions (0.1 MPa of CO2, DMSO, 40–80 °C, 30–60 mg nanocatalyst). The Pd NPs‐loaded POP is competitive with previously reported catalytic systems. These pure polymeric microporous catalytic systems exhibited outstanding catalytic performances for the generation of oxazolidinones from several propargylic amines in the absence of organic and inorganic bases through atmospheric cyclizative CO2 incorporation. The modified nanocatalyst (Pd@BBA‐2) displayed exceptional recycling efficiency for the generation of oxazolidinones up to five runs without any noticeable decay in the activity of Pd@BBA‐2.
Luminescent Organogels Formed by Ionic Self‐Assembly of AIE‐Active Phospholes
Authors: Rabah Jad , Escola Antoine , Jeannin Olivier , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Hissler Muriel , Camerel Franck
Published: November 2019

A straightforward synthesis of molecular gelators [1][CnBn] and [1][bisCnBn] (n=12, 16) based on ionic interactions between Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE)‐active anionic phosphole and functionalized imidazolium [CnBn] and [bisCnBn] is described. These new molecular gelators can form luminescent organogels in various solvents. The luminescent fibers were characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Also, a 30‐fold increase in luminescence quantum yield was observed between the diluted solution (0.6 %) and the xerogel (20 %) of [1][C12Bn], thus highlighting the AIE effect. In these systems, the luminescence can be used to probe the dynamics of the aggregation upon solid‐state phase transition and gelation. Solid‐state investigations have also allowed the full characterization of the thermal behaviour of these ionic complexes and the extraction of some packing features.
Avian influenza virus prevalence in marine birds is dependent on ocean temperatures
Authors: Hall Jeffrey S. , Dusek Robert J. , Nashold Sean W. , TeSlaa Joshua L. , Allen R. Bradford , Grear Daniel A.
Published: November 2019

Waterfowl and shorebirds are the primary hosts of influenza A virus (IAV), however, in most surveillance efforts, large populations of birds are not routinely examined; specifically marine ducks and other birds that reside predominately on or near the ocean. We conducted a long‐term study sampling sea ducks and gulls in coastal Maine for IAV and found a virus prevalence (1.7%) much lower than is typically found in freshwater duck populations. We found wide year‐to‐year variation in virus detection in sea ducks and that the ocean water temperature was an important factor affecting IAV prevalence. In particular, the ocean temperature that occurred 11 d prior to collecting virus positive samples was important while water temperature measured concurrently with host sampling had no explanatory power for viral detection. We also experimentally showed that IAV is relatively unstable in sea water at temperatures typically found during our sampling. This represents the first report of virus prevalence and actual environmental data that help explain the variation in marine IAV transmission dynamics.
Identification of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from leishmaniasis endemic areas in southeastern Mexico using DNA barcoding
Authors: Adeniran Adebiyi A. , Fernández‐Santos Nadia A. , Rodríguez‐Rojas Jorge J. , Treviño‐Garza Nancy , Huerta‐Jiménez Heron , Mis‐Ávila Pedro C. , Pérez‐Pech Wilbert A. , Hernández‐Triana Luis M. , Rodríguez‐Pérez Mario A.
Published: November 2019

Leishmaniasis, a vector‐borne disease transmitted to humans through the bite of phlebotomine sand flies, is of public health significance in southeastern Mexico. Active and continuous monitoring of vectors is an important aspect of disease control for the prediction of potential outbreaks. Thus, the correct identification of vectors is paramount in this regard. In this study, we employed DNA barcoding as a tool for identifying phlebotomine sand flies collected in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Specimens were collected using CDC light and Shannon traps as part of the Mexican Ministry of Health surveillance program. DNA extraction was carried out using a nondestructive protocol, and morphological identification based on taxonomic keys was conducted on slide‐mounted specimens. Molecular taxonomic resolution using the 658‐bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was 100% congruent with the morphological identification. Seven species were identified:Lutzomyia cruciata(Coquillett 1907),Lutzomyia longipalpis(Lutz & Neiva 1912),Psathyromyia shannoni(Dyar 1929),Dampfomyia deleoni(Fairchild & Hertig 1947),Dampfomyia beltrani/steatopyga(Vargas & Díaz‐Nájera 1951),Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca(Vargas & Díaz‐Nájera, 1959), andBrumptomyia mesai(Sherlock 1962). Mean intraspecific divergence ranged from 0.12% to 1.22%, while interspecific distances ranged from 11.59% to 19.29%. Neighbor‐joining (NJ) analysis using the Kimura 2‐parameter model also showed specimens of the same species to be clustered together. The study provides the firstcox1sequences for three species of sand flies and indicates the utility of DNA barcoding for phlebotomine sand flies species identification in southeastern Mexico.
A boundary element and radial basis function approximation method for a second order elliptic partial differential equation with general variable coefficients
Authors: Ang Whye‐Teong
Published: November 2019

A numerical method based on boundary integral equation and radial basis function approximation is presented for solving boundary value problems governed by a second‐order elliptic partial differential equation with variable coefficients. The equation arises in the analysis of steady‐state anisotropic heat or mass diffusion in nonhomogeneous media with properties that vary according to general smoothly varying functions of space. The method requires only the boundary of the solution domain to be discretized into elements. To check the validity and accuracy of the numerical solution, some specific problems with known solutions are solved.
Synthesis of Ni@NiSn Composite with High Lithium‐Ion Diffusion Coefficient for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Hong , Chen Junxin , Wei Weiwei , Ke Shanming , Zeng Xierong , Chen Dongchu , Lin Peng
Published: November 2019

To solve the problems of fast‐charging of lithium‐ion batteries in essence, development of new electrode materials with higher lithium‐ion diffusion coefficients is the key. In this work, a novel flower‐like Ni@SnNi structure is synthesized via a two‐step process design, which consists of the fabrication of Ni cores by spray pyrolysis followed by the formation of SnNi shells via a simple oxidation–reduction reaction. The obtained Ni@SnNi composite exhibits an initial capacity of ≈693 mA h g−1 and a reversible capacity of ≈570 mA h g−1 after 300 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 C, and maintains 450 mA h g−1 even at a high rate of 3 C. Further, it is proved that a Ni@SnNi composite possesses high lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient (≈10−8), which is much higher than those (≈10−10) reported previously, which can be mainly attributed to the unique flower‐like Ni@SnNi structure. In addition, the full cell performance (Ni@SnNi‐9h/graphite vs LiCoO2) with a capacity ratio of 1.13 (anode/cathode) is also tested. It is found that even at 2 C rate charging/discharging, the capacity retention at 100 cycles is still close to 89%. It means that Ni@SnNi‐9h is a promising anode additive for lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density and power density.