bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VATICANO II E O NOVO OLHAR SOBRE O LIVRO ANTIGO
Authors: Konings Johan
Published: April 2017

Mostramos neste artigo que em torno do Concílio Vaticano II surgiu uma “nova visão sobre o livro antigo”, um novo modo de ler e de estudar a Bíblia. Este novo modo se caracteriza principalmente pelo pleno reconhecimento dos métodos histórico-literário-críticos da parte da Igreja católica e pela leitura dos textos bíblicos em correlação com o contexto de origem e com o contexto atual, favorecendo a leitura da Bíblia com o povo. Apontamos a presença germinal dessa nova visão antes do Concílio, o seu amadurecimento durante o Concílio – sobretudo pelo confronto com o contexto sócio-histórico, provocado pelos trabalhos em torno da Gaudium et Spes – e seu fruto depois do Concílio, inclusive na leitura bíblica latino-americana.
Further Properties of Bornological Groups
Authors: Imran Anwar N. , Rakhimov I. S.
Published: April 2017

In this work, Further properties of bornological groups are studied to find the sufficient conditions to introduce a bornology on a group. In particular, we show that every left (right) translations in bornological groups are isomorphisms and therefore the bornological group's structures are homogeneous, and this property from the bornological group is not shared with bornological semigroups. Further, the boundedness of a bornological group can be deduced from its boundedness at the identity.
Coupled Flow and Geomechanical Modeling of Reservoir Seismicity: Effects of Hydraulic Communication and Well Type
Authors: Asaithambi Renuhaa , Jha Birendra
Published: April 2017

Oilfields in California are heavily faulted, stress sensitive and need to be monitored for geomechanical effects such as fracturing, subsidence and seismicity induced by production or injection in the field. The objective of this paper is to investigate well production and injection-induced activation of a fault based on two factors: 1) hydraulic communication between the fault and the well i.e. intersecting vs. non-intersecting reservoir fault, and 2) sign of pressure change in the reservoir i.e. positive during injection vs. negative during production. Using a novel coupled flow and geomechanical simulation framework, we model the physical processes involved in activation of a fault and the effects of hydraulic communication and pressure change factors. We use the finite element method for mechanics sub-problem, the finite volume method for the flow sub-problem and the fixed-stress sequential solution strategy to solve the coupled sub-problems. We use the Mohr Coulomb failure criterion to determine mechanical stability of the fault against shear failure.

Our study provides key observations for long-term oilfield management in stress-sensitive and faulted reservoirs. We find that during injection pore pressure changes dominate the stability of a fault when it is in hydraulic communication with the well, whereas total stress changes dominate the stability of the fault when it is hydraulically isolated from the well. Injection-induced seismicity is a canonical example of the former case. In terms of the sign of pressure change, production from one side of a sealing fault always destabilizes the fault regardless of hydraulic communication between the fault and well whereas injection can stabilize a fault that is not in hydraulic communication with the well. In conclusion, we propose a novel approach to classify induced seismicity events as a function of reservoir geology (fault-to-well hydraulic communication) and reservoir operation (injection or production). The framework can be applied to monitor reservoir performance in faulted and stress-sensitive fields such as the ones in California.
Operational Experience with Fiber Optic Systems in Horizontal Steam Injectors
Authors: Shirdel M. , Buell R. S. , Wells M.
Published: April 2017

Horizontal steam injectors have a high-temperature, hostile wellbore environment which can result in sand influx, low cycle fatigue failures, packer failures, and liner hanger failures. This paper provides a case history analysis of five fiber optic installations in two wells that were used to evaluate, diagnose and address a variety of tubing-deployed equipment integrity and wellbore conditions. Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) were used to evaluate integrity of the liner and completion equipment performance in the horizontal section of the wellbore.

Application of a robust fiber data analysis methodology is presented that is focused on determining if the completion equipment is performing consistent with the basis of design assumptions. Examples of basis of design assumptions includes determining : 1) are packers or liner hangers leaking, 2) are steam flow control devices providing both the design steam mass flow rates and uniform quality splitting of wet steam, and 3) is the liner intact and directing steam as expected.

Steam flow in horizontal injectors is a complex two-phase system that cannot be readily predicted from simple multiphase flow models. Fiber optic surveillance provides important insights and understanding of the complex flow behavior in the annulus for tubing-deployed flow control devices (FCDs) in horizontal wells. Two-phase steam flow in horizontal injectors can create various flow regimes that can impact steam distribution and wellbore integrity (e.g. caustic and chloride stress corrosion and scale deposition).

Flow diagnostic tools, the acoustic energy spectrum and steam flow regime models were used to understand nozzle sonic flow, packer integrity, tubing and liner integrity by visualizing the acoustic data in both time and frequency domains. Using advanced signal processing and separation techniques, the liquid and vapor zones were uniquely characterized within the wellbore. The reliability and integrity of the packers and the injection string were also evaluated utilizing DTS and DAS data in combination. The characterization of flow control devices and their performance at the down-hole condition is provided, including identification of slug flow regimes and water pooling in low spots in the horizontal section of the well.
Design and Interpretation of an Interference Test for Determination of Formation Compressibility in a Deepwater Reservoir
Authors: Suleen Fnu , Urbanczyk Chris , Williams George , Kamal Med
Published: April 2017

The design and interpretation of an interference test for determination of formation compressibility in an offshore waterflood is presented. Interference well testing resolves some of the limitations posed by laboratory measurements of formation compressibility, i.e. the sample size is bigger, measurements are made in-situ and the method can be applied reliably in unconsolidated formations. Analytical and numerical PTA (Pressure Transient Analysis) models were used to select the active and observation wells and to design the interference test in terms of lag and lead times associated with the opening and closing of these wells. Some neighboring wells remained on production in between active and observation wells while the interference test was performed due to production constraints. This led to the challenge of unravelling the interference signal from the noise of continued production. Permanent downhole gauge data were utilized in seeking out the interference response at the observation well. Once the interference response was identified, the storativity (porosity-total compressibility product) was determined using the flow capacity (permeability-thickness product) calculated from the pressure and rate history at the active and observation wells. Formation compressibility was then calculated using log derived porosity values. Interference test analysis showed that the formation compressibility was significantly smaller than the pre-test estimates from the lab. The analysis resulted in narrowing of the uncertainty around formation compressibility that was later utilized in field production forecasts. Presence of high frequency high resolution data was critical in deciphering the interference signal. The breakthroughs came by using a range of the calculated flow capacity and total fluid compressibility in determining in-situ formation compressibility, which was in line with an offset analog field that had reliable laboratory measurements. The major impact of this work is in proposing a method for determination of formation compressibility in complex reservoirs and production systems from interference well tests utilizing permanent downhole gauge data.
Asphaltenes: What Do We Know So Far
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz , Bubshait Ahmed
Published: April 2017

Asphaltene precipitation becomes a serious problem especially when it causes plugging of the formation, wellbore, or production facilities, which will significantly affect the productivity and final recovery of the area. This paper presents an overview of asphaltene properties, structure, and its impact on oil production operations. It also specifically, discusses different available modeling approaches used to analyze and predict asphaltene precipitation, flocculation, and deposition in oil reservoirs. We will review asphaltene in crude oil systems: asphaltene properties and their impact on oil production, including the effects of pressure, temperature, and composition.
Potential Use of Oil-Field Produced Water as Base Fluid for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations
Authors: Saini Dayanand , Mezei Timea
Published: April 2017

Though, only few hundreds of hydraulic fracturing jobs are carried out in California, however, the use of oilfield-produced water resulting from conventional oil production operations for preparing fracturing fluid formulations appears a great alternative for unlocking the potential of Monterey shale without putting burden on precious fresh water resources of the region. The present experimental study reports on the crosslinking and breaking behaviors of guar-gum based fracturing fluids formulations prepared using synthetic but representative oil-field produced water samples.

The results suggest that the base fluid composition had little effect on the crosslinking behavior when crosslinked formulations were subjected to high shear rate. On other hand, breaking behavior of the studied fracturing fluid formations was affected by the guar gum concentration used for preparing the formulations. The efficacy of a commercially available bio-degradable breaker in breaking in cross-linked formulations was also evaluated at elevated temperature up to 185°F. The crosslinking and breaking behaviors of fracturing fluid formulations prepared using oil-field produced water as base fluids were comparable to the behaviors of typical fracturing fluid formations prepared using 2% potassium chloride solution as base fluid.

The results of this study are encouraging as conventional oil and gas production operations in California can provide an alternative source of water for base fluid to use in hydraulic fracturing based exploitation of Monterey shale resource in near future. Use of sea water for preparing fracturing fluid formulations for offshore applications will also help in reducing the need of treated sea water for any futre growth of hydraulic facturing technology in offshore environment.

It is noted here that the paper is a derivative work of the original paper first published in the Energy and Environment Research Journal (Vol. 6, No. 1; June 2016).
Errors Associated with Waterflood Monitoring Using the Hall Plot for Stacked Reservoirs in the Absence of Profile Surveys
Authors: Qi Qianru , Pepin Sophie , AlJazzaf Abdula , Ershaghi Iraj
Published: April 2017

It is common to use the slope of Hall plot as a tool for monitoring changes in well injectivity. Loss of injectivity at a given well head pressure may relate to a build-up of reservoir pressure or a gradual build-up of skin. In this study, we focus on injectivity losses caused by the wellbore skin development. Based on actual field data, we had noted errors in detection of permeability losses when later profile surveys were consulted. Our objective of the study was to examine the problem and then introduce an improved analytical formulation for layered systems and assess the limitations and meaning of slope changes observed on the Hall plot for stacked reservoirs. For calibration purposes, we used both an extended analytical model and a simulation approach to demonstrate the weakness of the Hall Plot for multi-layered cases. In simulating the cases, we used a cumulative injection dependent function to model the permeability losses for a given layer in a stacked system, and examined the limitation of estimated slopes in regarding to indication of the location and extent of the damaged zones in a stacked reservoir for remediation measures. We included a case study to exemplify the situation.
Optimization of Recovery in Waterfloods with Bang-Bang Control in Reservoirs with Subsidence and Uplift
Authors: Balaji Karthik , Suhag Anuj , Ranjith Rahul , Yegin Cengiz , Saracoglu Onder , Hendroyono Arief , Dhannoon Diyar , Temizel Cenk , Aminzadeh Fred
Published: April 2017

Along with the introduction of the Bang-Bang theory, it is known that the on-off controls of injection and production in waterflooding of hydrocarbon reservoirs improves recovery using only switching wells or valves on and off where optimal control theory is applied that employs an optimization procedure is gradient-based with the adjoint formulation. The conditions under which the reservoirs might have improvements in the Bang-Bang controls are also shown. In this study, we extend this concept to include the geomechanical factor in softer formations where subsidence or uplift are observed with injection or withdrawal of fluids.

In this study, the significance of bang-bang control theory is demonstrated on the main reservoir types consisting of different geomechanical characteristics, using a robust commercial optimization and uncertainty/sensitivity software which is coupled with a full-physics commercial simulator. A comprehensive theoretical background is provided to illustrate this approach so that the differences not only in the reservoir characteristics but also the simulation results are shown.

The optimization and uncertainty results prove useful in demonstrating the significance of each decision and risk parameter enabling the decision makers to make sound reservoir management decisions under economically-tight environments, providing not only the optimum values for the amount of injection but also the right combination of injection-production strategy to increase net present value or recoveries. The additional knowledge of temporal and spatial geomechanic behavior and the response of reservoirs proves useful in the application of Bang-Bang control with more realistic expectations, thus, leading to better reservoir management decisions.

Although Bang-Bang control and application of optimal control theory are not new in the industry, there has not been a comprehensive study taking into account the geomechanics. Thus, this study outlines the behavior and performance of reservoirs that experience subsidence and uplift at different levels in the application of this methodology to waterfloods.
Development of a Fully Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanics Simulator Using Automated Solution Framework
Authors: Meguerdijian S. , Jha B.
Published: April 2017

Thermal recovery operations, including those in heavy oil fields and geothermal reservoirs, can benefit from increased understanding of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) phenomena. Maximizing thermally-enhanced energy recovery and assessment of thermally-induced seismicity and subsidence risk requires the next generation of coupled THM simulators that are easier to develop and use. We present a computational framework based on automated linearization and solution of multiphysics equations using FEniCS, an open source finite element solver. We validate the simulator on benchmark problems and discuss its application to thermal enhanced oil recovery methods. We conclude that using the FEniCS-based framework can reduce code development and maintenance efforts in existing thermal recovery operations and accelerate the discovery of future improved thermal recovery methods.
Finite Element Modeling of Reservoir Heating By An Electrical Cable
Authors: Medizade M. M. , Summers J. T.
Published: April 2017

Heat, mostly in terms of steam latent heat of vaporization, has been injected into heavy or extra heavy reservoirs worldwide to assist producing the in-situ oils. More recently, heat has been introduced directly into the reservoir by means of placing an electrical cable at the middle of the well in front of the target interval. Design of these electrical cables which supply a specific amount of heat energy per cable length, W/m, when placed in front of the target zone, have been evolving from manufacturing point of view to benefit oil operations worldwide in many ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat transfer effects from the electric cable into stagnant gases of the wellbore media, casing, and reservoir porous media which are surrounding the electric cable. Two types of wells, vertical and horizontal have been studied. The objective is to calculate heat requirement to establish desired temperature distribution beyond the sandface.

The mathematical model used to study the heat transfer effects were built by a finite element model software package. In case of cased hole, the heat transfer from the cable propagates through stagnant gases and enters the casing before entering the porous media. In case of open -hole completion, the heat from the cable is transferred to stagnant gases in the wellbore before entering the porous media. Effects of different heating amounts in W/m on the sand-face temperature and deep into the porous media have been investigated for vertical and horizontal well configurations at different energy input conditions. Finite element model results were compared with other similar studies.

Results of the finite element modeling show that for all cases including vertical and horizontal wells, the sand-face quickly heats up. As time goes on, a distance into the porous media is also heated up which in return assists oil recovery from a larger vicinity from the well. Heating via electric cables can be beneficial in wellbore cleaning from paraffin, wax and hydrate build ups thus initiating oil recovery from near wellbore area. Total reservoir heating can provide In-situ upgrading of the heavy and extra heavy oils.
Characterizing Alaska Overburden
Authors: McNeal Josh , Huhndorf Sid , Craig Jon , Atashbari Vahid
Published: April 2017

As exploratory work in Alaska moves beyond the known petroleum basins, new remote areas will be explored, where little sub surface data is available. This paper examines the overburden of Alaska, and develops a general relationship for determining overburden pressures based on the general geographic location in this region.

To develop such relationships, well logs available to the Public are used. To characterize the overburden on a large scale, three major sedimentary basins of the Alaska, the North Slope, Nenana Basin, and Cook Inlet Basin, are studied. Overburden is estimated by integrating density of the deposits, from using density log data, and using MATLAB to filter false readings. From this data, a regionalized relationship is developed for pressure vs depth, based on geographical location.

The collision of the Pacific Plate and North American Plate has resulted in thrust tectonics, associated with shortening and thickening of the crust at southern part of the Alaska Microplate. The studied basins are located along different locations in this deformation zone and evident with different lithological patterns across a north-south direction. Depending on tectonics and diagenesis of sediments, rocks undergo different compaction processes which make overburden various across this region. As a result of plate tectonics and variation in depositional environments, an increasing trend is observed across the entire Alaska region. Such trend can be used in further exploration work in this region to approximate overburden stress at any location in the state.
Optimization of Metal-on-Metal Lubricants for Coil Tubing Applications
Authors: Sherman Scott , Quintero Harvey , Moriyama Candace , Sessarego Sebastian , Fraser Craig
Published: April 2017

The development of horizontal well completion techniques has untapped a massive amount of hydrocarbon resources previously economically unreachable. Extended-reach horizontal well designs are now the rule rather than the exception and introduce a myriad of new challenges associated with downhole operations.

Numerous mechanical approaches have been implemented to overcome deleterious frictional forces intrinsic to extended reach Coil Tubing (CT) interventions; cutting edge mechanical techniques rely on devices such as downhole tractors and fluid hammer tools to avoid helical buckling, and eventual CT lock-up. The most daunting factor associated with the application of these tools is the cost which is especially important in the current energy resource industry downturn.

Drag-reducing agents (DRA) appear to be the common denominator in extended reach CT interventions. To date, synergistically paired metal-filming lubricants and fluid friction reducers provide a cost-effective method to enhance weight on bit (WOB) required while running in and/or pulling out of hole (RIH/POOH) CT strings. Given the dynamic nature of CT operations, carrier fluids experience extreme conditions changes (temperature, pressure and/or physicochemical), during their tubular residency time. The change in environmental conditions can result in poor dispersibility of DRA's, and therefore, render them ineffective through a lack of contact with the metal.

Herein, this paper presents details of a thorough tribology and rheological analysis of commercially available DRA's in different oil field brines, and the corresponding field case studies evaluating data reproducibility. Lab testing data includes 4 ball (ASTM D4172A) testing as well as Reichert friction and wear analysis test results.

The OFITE EP (extreme pressure) lubricity tester type equipment, which was originally conceived to reproduce coefficients of friction (COF) for drill string/mud simulations, has been historically included in metal-on-metal (MOM) lubricant analysis. A rapid method was implemented involving a sled and plate COF type tester. Normally used for measuring the friction between two dry surfaces, it was adapted for measuring COF of MOM lubricants currently in use during CT operations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB).

Lubricity testing on the top MOM lubricant performers showed a COF reduction in the range of 11 −28%, when 150 mm/min sled speed was tested. Also, through the rheological and qualitative analysis of the carrier fluid, dispersibility appears to be improved with the addition of the fluid friction reducer.

In addition to the sled-plate COF testing analysis and field case data validation, this study will include an oscillatory shear rheological analysis of the carrier fluid, by using the Haake RheoStress®6000. This will help us to understand the viscoelastic behavior and its relationship with MOM dispersibility.
Impacto de la volatilidad de los activos financieros en los portafolios de inversión
Authors: Perez Peña Rodrigo , Mican Silva Andrea
Published: April 2017

Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de analizar el impacto en la volatilidad de los activos financieros de renta variable, de la bolsa de valores de Colombia ocasionados por la crisis financiera de los años 2008 y 2009. Para ello se utilizó dos carteras de activos una formada por 13 activos de diferentes sectores industriales incluyendo el índice IGBC y una segunda conformada por 11 activos incluyendo el índice COLPAP, también de varios sectores industriales cumpliendo con el principio de diversificación de los portafolios de inversión.  La medición de estos impactos se realizó a través de las técnicas de los modelos econométricos que son los más indicados para analizar las fluctuaciones de los rendimientos de los activos diarios generados por las variaciones de los precios de cierre de dichos activos durante los periodos observados. Como resultado de los impactos de las volatilidades se pudo observar que estas fueron significativas en el comportamiento de los rendimientos diarios de estos activos.
Aplicación de Dispositivos Móviles en la Medición de los Niveles de Radiación Ultravioleta y su Validación en el Distrito de Chulucanas Región Piura Perú
Authors: Dedios Mimbela Ninell Janett , Rubio Rubio Lorena , Calle Jiménez Judith , Vásquez Domínguez Yudi
Published: April 2017

Se denomina App a una aplicación de software que se instala en dispositivos móviles con la finalidad de facilitar al usuario la consecución de tareas, operaciones o gestiones del día a día. La presente investigación desarrolla un análisis sobre la eficiencia de las aplicaciones móviles en la medición de niveles de radiación ultravioleta en el distrito de Chulucanas, con el objetivo de verificar la confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos y fomentar una cultura de prevención a la sobreexposición solar en la población chulucanense para evitar enfermedades relacionadas a la radiación UV. La metodología empleada considera la información procedente de tres aplicaciones móviles previamente seleccionadas, World UV, Uv-Indeks y NoTeQuemes descargadas gratuitamente. La toma de datos es realizada en tres puntos georreferenciados del distrito de Chulucanas que son, ciudad de Chulucanas, caserío Chapica Campanas y caserío Papelillo, la medición se efectúa cinco veces al día cada dos horas, iniciándose a las 8:00 a.m y culminando a las 4:00 p.m, por un período de un mes. Los resultados obtenidos indican la influencia horaria y diaria sobre el desarrollo del nivel de radiación ultravioleta. En los sectores observados se determina que la hora de mayor impacto ocurre al medio día solar, en cuanto al tipo de aplicación móvil más adecuada se considera a UV Indeks por ser el de mejor respuesta de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en la bibliografía consultada.
Desarrollo de carrocería aerodinámica para monoplaza eléctrico de la escudería ara de la Regional Antioquia en el marco de la formula SENA ECO 2013 - 2014
Authors: Areiza Rico Yuliana Andrea , Rendón Whily
Published: April 2017

En la industria automotriz de alto rendimiento, todos los días se busca optimizar al máximo cada uno de los sistemas que componen el vehículo, teniendo en cuenta diseño, materiales y/o método de manufactura. Es así como en el presente artículo se presenta el desarrollo de la carrocería para un vehículo monoplaza eléctrico diseñada bajo condiciones aerodinámicas definidas mediante modelación por elementos finitos y fabricada en materiales compuestos bajo la técnica de infusión de resina. Se obtiene una carrocería liviana que provee al vehículo una carga aerodinámica adecuada para lograr su máxima eficiencia y rendimiento en su participación en la competencia formula SENA ECO
Aplicación de ensayos en discontinuo para la determinación de flujos de metano y dióxido de carbono en la degradación del material vegetal en el embalse Topocoro
Authors: Lopera Laura Marcela , Oviedo Lia M. , Rodriguez-Loaiza Diana Catalina , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: April 2017

La contribución de los embalses tropicales a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) ha sido objeto de estudio recientemente, debido a los procesos de degradación y transformación del material vegetal que son llevados a cabo en estos, los cuales liberan metano y dióxido de carbono, aportando al cambio climático. En el presente trabajo, se realizaron ensayos en discontinuo utilizando material vegetal de la zona de inundación del embalse Topocoro (Santander-Colombia), con el objetivo de determinar los flujos de CH4 y CO2 de dicho material, simulando condiciones de inundación aerobias y anaerobias previas al llenado. Las mediciones de gases se realizaron empleando cromatografía de gases-masas (GC-MS). Las tasas de emisión bajo condiciones anaerobias variaron entre 118,513 – 377,666 Kg CH4 ton-1.año-1 y 120,870 – 553,758 Kg CO2 ton-1.año-1, mientras que  bajo condiciones aerobias las tasas de emisión fueron menores, con valores que oscilaron entre 0,73 y 8,83 Kg CO2 ton-1.año-1. Las emisiones producidas estuvieron determinadas principalmente por la cantidad de material vegetal inundado y por la presencia de organismos aerobios y anaerobios presentes en los sistemas en batch.
Comparison of empirical correlations for the estimation of the oxygen transfer coefficient in an aerobic bioprocess
Authors: Ruiz-Botero Maribel , Zuluaga-Bedoya Christian , Ospina-Alarcon Manuel , Garcia-Tirado Jose
Published: April 2017

This paper shows a comparison of three different empirical correlations found in the literature for the estimation of the oxygen transfer coefficient in an aeration pilot plant. To this end, a phenomenological-based semi-physical model (PBSM) of the aeration pilot plant is used. This evaluation tested the relationship between empirical correlations and the oxygen transfer phenomenon from the gas phase to the liquid phase was assessed. The results show that empirical correlations of the oxygen transfer coefficient found in the literature are not based on the knowledge of the physical phenomena, and hence are not suitable to generalize the transference mechanism in other similar processes.
Análisis de Rutas de Transporte de Pasajeros Mediante la Herramienta Network Analyst de Arcgis. Caso Aplicado en la Ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Serna-Uran Cornado Augusto , García-Castrillón Jorge Alberto , Flórez-Londoño Ossman
Published: April 2017

El transporte público de pasajeros ocupa un papel importante en las grandes ciudades; teniendo en cuenta que la población se encuentra en constante aumento, es relevante analizar este tema y tomar decisiones en función de la optimización de rutas y el mejoramiento del servicio del transporte público. En la actualidad, desde la perspectiva de los viajeros, existen muchas alternativas (modos de transporte) para movilizarse al interior de una ciudad. La elección de qué modo elegir puede estar basada en mucho criterios, tales como: los costos, comodidad, distancia, tiempos de viaje, etc. Alrededor de este tema, muchas ciudades optan por planes de desarrollo que incluyan estrategias de transporte público eficientes, con bajos impactos ambientales y que sea atractivo para los usuarios. En este contexto, el presente artículo pretende abordar una metodología de análisis para evaluar las rutas de transporte público urbano y proponer alternativas que mejoren su desempeño. El análisis es desarrollado para una ruta de transporte público en la ciudad de Medellín utilizando la herramienta de Network Analyst en Arcgis.
Procesos de Geoprocesamiento en la Espacialización de Servicios Ecosistémicos en Áreas de Interés Local
Authors: Valdes Quintero Juan Carlos , Castro Castro Carlos Arturo , Peréz Garcés Helena , Escobar M. John Fernando
Published: April 2017

Es evidente la ausencia de modelos de datos que permitan la caracterización y mapificación de funciones ecosistémicas (FE) y servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que puedan ser implementados en los mercados comerciales y poco peso en la toma de decisiones para el soporte de la generación de políticas de conservación y gestión del recurso natural. En el presente estudio, se realiza una revisión de la literatura en donde se abordan los conceptos fundamentales de la estructura ecológica principal (EEP), las FE y los SE, su impacto en los procesos de gestión del territorio y los principales modelos y herramientas que se utilizan en el orden global para su modelación. Basados en el protocolo ECOSER, se realiza una simulación del SE de estabilidad de laderas en la localidad de la cuenca La Presidenta, obteniendo como resultado una relación entre la cobertura vegetal en la zona rural de la cuenca y en algunos sectores urbanos en donde los procesos de control de erosión, erodabilidad, los índices de erosividad y la implementación de obras hidráulicas, permiten obtener beneficios tangibles. Este modelo posibilita recrear escenarios de comportamiento del flujo de dicho SE, permitiendo contar con herramientas que a futuro sean utilizadas en la gestión pública y la planificación territorial.
Propuesta de Flipped Classroom para el desarrollo de las competencias genéricas en estudiantes de ingeniería
Authors: Lagunes Dominguez Agustin , Tafur Jiménez Luis Alberto , Giraldo Ocampo Julián Darío
Published: April 2017

Este artículo trata sobre la importancia de las competencias en los estudiantes de pregrado, define las competencias, muestra sus ventajas, indica su clasificación y, sobre todo, describe las principales competencias genéricas deseables según la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA). Posterior a esto, se trata el Flipped Classroom, su definición, sus principios, algunas recomendaciones para su implementación y se muestran sus tres principales ventajas. El principal aporte de este trabajo es una propuesta que tiene como base al Flipped Classroom y como pilares a las actividades preclase y las actividades en clase, donde estas acciones deben tener una fuerte conexión que les permita trabajar coordinadamente, integrado en la planeación estratégica didáctica para desarrollar las competencias. Dentro de las principales conclusiones se tienen es que el Flipped Classroom es ideal para desarrollar las competencias genéricas deseables, tanto las instrumentales, personales y las sistemáticas. Otra conclusión es que no hay modelo pedagógico o propuesta didáctica que tenga éxito sin el trabajo arduo del profesor.
Resolución espacial en la elaboración de mapas de ruido por interpolación
Authors: Murillo Gómez Diego Mauricio
Published: April 2017

Un análisis sobre la resolución espacial requerida en mediciones de ruido para generar mapas acústicos por interpolación es discutido. El proceso se basa en la generación de cartografía de referencia utilizando el software de predicción acústica SoundPLAN. Posteriormente, los resultados son exportados como receptores puntuales con diferentes resoluciones emulando mediciones en campo. Estos receptores son utilizados para construir mapas de ruido por interpolación que son comparados con su respectiva referencia. Entornos poco y densamente poblados han sido considerados en el presente estudio. En adición, una evaluación utilizando mediciones de ruido registradas en el barrio Estadio de la ciudad de Medellín también es presentada. Los hallazgos indican que la resolución requerida para una correcta representación de la propagación sonora es dependiente de la complejidad del entorno. Para evaluaciones generales en las que se proyecta tener una estimación global de la condición acústica, una resolución de 80 m provee información estadísticamente representativa en asentamientos urbanos.
Necesidad de reconocimiento y síndrome de selfie: un análisis relacional basado en minería de datos
Authors: Gil Víctor Daniel
Published: April 2017

El uso excesivo de redes sociales en el mundo está despertando la necesidad de reconocimiento en hombres y mujeres. Estar conectado la mayor parte del día a redes sociales motiva la obsesión por los autorretratos o más conocidos como “Selfies”, dando origen al moderno “Síndrome de Selfie”. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de minería de datos elaborado con el programa RapidMiner para el análisis de sentimientos que permitió clasificar el efecto emocional (positivo / negativo) de los comentarios publicados en 250 “Selfies” de hombres y 250 “Selfies” de mujeres en la red social Facebook. Con el modelo se concluye que existe una fuerte correlación entre la necesidad de reconocimiento y “Sindrome de Selfie”, la cual varía en función del género. Según el modelo desarrollado es mayor en el femenino, rxy = 0.75, que en el masculino, rxy = 0.61, lo que permite afirmar que el grado de relación o de asociación entre las dos variables es buena para el género femenino a diferencia del masculino, lo que indica que las mujeres constantemente están bajo una presión social estética mucho mayor que los hombres.
WITTGENSTEIN: LO MÍSTICO EN EL TRACTATUS
Authors: Cadavid Ramírez Lina Marcela
Published: April 2017

Este artículo se configura en torno a una reflexión sobre lo místico en el Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus del filósofo vienés Ludwig Wittgenstein con el fin de intentar definir qué entiende el autor por lo místico en dicha obra a partir del análisis de algunas proposiciones que se refieren a este término, y en relación con algunas referencias que remiten a la vida de este autor. Asimismo, se intenta relacionar el tema de lo místico con otros aspectos que son propios del pensamiento del primer Wittgenstein tales como el problema del lenguaje o la concepción de lo ético; esto último a partir de una definición de lo místico, que aunque es externa al Tractatus, permite iluminar las relaciones aquí propuestas.
DIVERGÊNCIAS ENTRE LEGISLAÇÕES DO DIMENSIONAMENTO DE ENFERMAGEM EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Auxiliadora , De Paula Rodolpho César Cardoso , Santana Rosimere Ferreira
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: discutir as divergências entre as legislações vigentes sobre o dimensionamento de enfermagem e as suas repercussões na assistência em unidades de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: estudo reflexivo sobre as fiscalizações realizadas pelo COREN-RJ nas unidades de terapia intensiva a partir de 2010, com parâmetro nas Resoluções do COFEN e Anvisa. Resultados: comparados os dispositivos legais e as implicações ao exercício profissional, fica evidenciado que a Anvisa descumpre a lei na atividade privativa do enfermeiro ao paciente crítico. Conclusão: a RDC Anvisa lesa a lei da enfermagem e compromete a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem ao paciente crítico.Descritores: Enfermagem, Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem no Hospital, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Legislação de Enfermagem.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LEGISLATION OF NURSING SCALING IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITSObjective: To discuss the differences between current legislation in nursing scaling and its repercussions in the assistance in intensive care units. Methodology: Reflective study on the inspections carried out by COREN-RJ in the intensive care units from 2010, with parameters of COFEN and ANVISA Resolutions. Results: Compared with the legal devices and the implications to the Professional Exercise, it was evident that ANVISA disregarded the law in the exclusive activity of the Nurse to the critical patient. Conclusion: RDC ANVISA harms the nursing law and compromises the quality of nursing care to critical patients.Descriptors: Nursing, Human Resources of Nursing Hospital, Intensive Care Units; Legislation, Nursing.LAS DIVERGENCIAS ENTRE LAS LEGISLACIONES DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE ENFERMERÍA EN UNIDADES DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOSObjetivo: Discutir las diferencias entre la legislación vigente en materia de diseño de enfermería y su impacto en la atención en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Metodología: Estudio reflectante en las inspecciones realizadas por COREN-RJ en unidades de cuidados intensivos a partir de 2010, con las resoluciones de parámetros COFEN y ANVISA. Resultados: disposiciones e implicaciones de la práctica profesional jurídicos, en comparación, evidenciaron que la ANVISA viola la ley sobre la actividad privada para cuidar a pacientes en estado crítico. Conclusión: RDC ANVISA daña la ley de enfermería y compromete la calidad de la atención de enfermería a pacientes en estado crítico.Descriptores: Enfermería, Personal de Enfermería em Hospital, Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, Legislación de Enfermería.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO NORMAL: ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL
Authors: Dos Santos Rafael Cleison Silva
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção educativa sobre práticas obstétricas e desfechos perineais. Método: estudo longitudinal, segundo a metodologia de implementação de evidências científicas na prática clínica, realizado com enfermeiros e médicos, puérperas e prontuários em uma maternidade pública de referência no estado do Amapá. Resultado: após a intervenção educativa, mais profissionais recomendaram as posições lateral e verticais no período expulsivo do parto; mais puérperas relataram as práticas de puxo dirigido e manobra de Kristeller; menos prontuários indicaram a laceração espontânea e graus de lacerações maiores. Conclusão: a intervenção educativa proporcionou resultados melhores, mas não estatisticamente significativos.Descritores: Auditoria clínica, Períneo, Pesquisa translacional.IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCES IN NORMAL CHILDBIRTH CARE: LONGITUDINAL STUDYObjective: to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on obstetric practices and perineal outcomes. Method: longitudinal study, according to the methodology of implementation of scientific evidence in clinical practice, performed with nurses and doctors, puerperas and medical records in a referred public maternity hospital in the state of Amapá. Result: after the educational intervention, more professionals recommended the lateral and vertical positions in the expulsive period of childbirth; More puerperas reported the practices of directed pull and maneuver of Kristeller; Less medical records indicated spontaneous laceration and higher degrees of lacerations. Conclusion: the educational intervention provided better results, but not statistically significant.Descriptors: Clinical audit, Perineum, Translational research.IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA EN LA ATENCIÓN DE PARTO NORMAL: UN ESTUDIO LONGITUDINALObjetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre las prácticas obstétricas y resultados perineales. Método: Estudio longitudinal, de acuerdo con la metodología de implementación de la evidencia científica en la práctica clínica, realizada con las enfermeras y los médicos, las madres y los registros en una referencia maternidad pública en el estado de Amapá. Resultado: Después de la intervención educativa, la mayoría de los profesionales recomiendan las posiciones laterales y verticales en la segunda etapa del parto; más madres reportaron las prácticas de extracción y maniobra dirigida Kristeller; a menos que los registros que se indican las laceraciones espontáneas y un mayor grado de laceraciones. Conclusión: La intervención educativa poca mejora de las prácticas y los resultados perineales.Descriptores: Auditoría clínica, Perineo, Investigación traslacional.
Influence of Processing Treatments on Nutritional and Physicochemical Characteristics of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Authors: Siwatch Munish , Yadav Ritika B. , Yadav Baljeet S.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Buckwheat is now becoming increasingly popular due to its health benefits.
The most attractive feature of its seeds are gluten-free with high-quality protein and presence
of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to determine the
effect of processing treatments on nutritional and physicochemical properties of buckwheat which
would further be utilized for the production of a varied range of novel products.

Methods:

The different processing treatments such as cooking, fermentation, and germination
were given to buckwheat seeds. The native and processed buckwheat were then analyzed for their
nutritional properties such as moisture, ash, fat, crude fiber, protein, total phenol, tannin and phytate
content using standard methods. The physicochemical properties were also determined using
standard methods.

Results:

Processing treatments significantly (p≤0.05) reduces the tannin and phytate content and
significantly (p≤0.05) increases the total phenol content. Also, processing had a varied effect on
Water Absorption Capacity (WAC), Oil Absorption Capacity (OAC), least gelation concentration
and bulk density. The WAC and OAC of buckwheat flours were significantly (p≤0.05) varied from
2.15 to 3.89 g/g and 1.96 to 2.32 g/g, respectively.

Conclusion:

The changes observed in physicochemical properties of buckwheat flour after processing
treatments provided a crucial basis for its potential applications on an industrial scale.
A Complicated Course of a Coronal Shear Fracture Type IV of the Distal Part of Humerus Resulting in Resurfacing Radiocapitellar Joint Replacement
Authors: Schmidt Ingo
Published: April 2017

Background:

Coronal shear fracture type IV of the distal part of humerus is a very rare injury with articular complexity potentially leading to posttraumatic osteoarthritis. One option for surgical treatment of advanced unicompartmental radiocapitellar osteoarthritis is resurfacing radiocapitellar joint replacement.

Method:

A 62-year- old female sustained a coronal shear fracture type IV of the distal part of left humerus that was primarily treated with open reduction and internal fixation using headless compression screws. Three years postoperatively, there was a migration of one screw into radiocapitellar joint that led to circular deep cartilage defect of radial head. Four years after ORIF, a distinctive radiocapitellar osteoarthritis has evolved leading to a resurfacing radiocapitellar joint replacement using the Lateral Resurfacing ElbowTM(LRE) system.

Result:

At the 2-year follow-up after that procedure, there was an excellent subjective and functional outcome. Radiographically, no loosening or subsidence of implant without any signs of overstuffing could be found. The patient reported that she would have the same procedure again.

Conclusion:

The goal of unicompartmental radiocapitellar replacement is to obtain stability in elbow joint by avoiding cubitus valgus with subsequent instability of the distal radioulnar joint, and it does not alter the unaffected ulnohumeral joint. Additionally, the feature of the LRETMsystem is that the radial head is not excised, and so will receive the anatomical length of the overall radius articulating with the capitellum by preserving the annular ligament. In the literature only three publications could be found in which short-term results with the use of the LRETMsystem have been described. Hence, further studies are needed to validate this concept.
Forms of Stigma and Discrimination in the Daily Lives of HIV-Positive Individuals in Mauritania
Authors: Mohamed Boushab Boushab , Fall-Malick Fatim-Zahra , Ould Cheikh Melaïnine Mohamed Limame , Basco Leonardo Kishi
Published: April 2017

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are often discriminated against in their daily lives. The objective of this descriptive and transversal study was to describe the experiences of PLWHA followed at a specialized outpatient center in Nouakchott to assess the forms of stigma from the perspective of those who suffer from discrimination.

Methods:

All HIV-positive patients over the age of 18 years who were aware of their HIV status and provided consent to participate in the study were included from June 1 to 29, 2015. Data collection was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 210 PLWHA were interviewed. Men accounted for 54% of the sample population with a sex ratio of 1.2. About half of respondents were married (51%) and resided in Nouakchott (55%). Subjects who had never attended school represented 42% of the cases. Among our respondents, 64% knew their HIV status for over a year and admitted that they refused to reveal this information to any person. The distribution of forms of stigma experienced by PLWHA by demographic category was, in descending order, stigma in interpersonal relationships (78%), self-stigma (20%), and stigma in health services (2%). There was a significant association between the form of stigma and marital status (p = 0.007) and between the form of stigma and knowledge of HIV status for a period greater than one year (p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

The forms of stigma can be sources of discrimination and are a major obstacle to reintegration and support of PLWHA. This creates a vicious circle that, on the one hand, leads to the suffering, marginalization, and isolation of PLWHA, and on the other hand, has deleterious effects on their family and social relationships, self-esteem and self-confidence.