bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting Phosphorescence Efficiency of Microstructures by Forming a Triplet Exciplex System
Authors: Yao Wei , Zhang Yusheng , Wang Jiamin , Zhang Shasha , Li Qiuying , Liu Kun , Wang Zhaoyu , Yin Chengzhu , Song Zhicheng , Ma Huili , Tao Youtian , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu
Published: September 2023

Low‐dimensional crystal structures with long lifetime phosphorescence hold great potential in biological imaging, sensors, and micro/nanophotonics. However, the high‐efficient phosphorescence is still scarce on the micro/nanoscale due to the strong nonradiative transitions and quenching of long‐lifetime triplet state caused by the large specific surface area. Herein, a one doped microstructure with high quantum yield phosphorescence is reported by doping an electron‐acceptor (guest) into an electron‐donor (host). The formation of a triplet exciplex between the donor and acceptor enables the doped microcrystals to display highly efficient long‐lived emission with 63.1% quantum yield, while the phosphorescence emissions of microstructures from a neat donor and acceptor are negligible. The emission mechanism in relation to the exciplex is elaborated from temperature‐dependent luminescence behavior and theoretical calculation. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient long‐lived emissions at the micro‐scale, which will accelerate the research and development of advanced miniaturized functional devices.
Photocatalytic Redox‐Neutral Synthesis of Heterotriarymethanes
Authors: Guo Guozhe , Ye Youwan , Bao Xiazhen , Yuan Yong , Huo Congde
Published: September 2023

The C(sp3)−H bond decyanative arylations of diverse symmetrical and unsymmetrical BIMs have been successfully accomplished. Aromatic nitriles were utilized as components in the presence of thiobenzoic acid (TBA) under visible‐light irradiation. These redox‐neutral protocols provide a highly efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of a broad range of bis(indolyl)‐substituted and mono(indolyl)‐substituted hetero‐triarylmethanes. Moreover, this synthetic approach has been expanded to the construction of indole‐substituted triarylmethanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. It is noteworthy that the preparation of the natural product Arsindolin A was effectively achieved using this methodology.
Asymmetrically Functionalized Electron‐Deficient π‐Conjugated System for Printed Single‐Crystalline Organic Electronics
Authors: Yu Craig P. , Kumagai Shohei , Tsutsumi Michitsuna , Kurosawa Tadanori , Ishii Hiroyuki , Watanabe Go , Hashizume Daisuke , Sugiura Hiroki , Tani Yukio , Ise Toshihiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Sato Hiroyasu , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro
Published: September 2023

Large‐area single‐crystalline thin films of n‐type organic semiconductors (OSCs) fabricated via solution‐processed techniques are urgently demanded for high‐end electronics. However, the lack of molecular designs that concomitantly offer excellent charge‐carrier transport, solution‐processability, and chemical/thermal robustness for n‐type OSCs limits the understanding of fundamental charge‐transport properties and impedes the realization of large‐area electronics. The benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8‐gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) π‐electron system with phenethyl substituents (PhC2–BQQDI) demonstrates high electron mobility and robustness but its strong aggregation results in unsatisfactory solubility and solution‐processability. In this work, an asymmetric molecular design approach is reported that harnesses the favorable charge transport of PhC2–BQQDI, while introducing alkyl chains to improve the solubility and solution‐processability. An effective synthetic strategy is developed to obtain the target asymmetric BQQDI (PhC2–BQQDI–Cn). Interestingly, linear alkyl chains of PhC2–BQQDI–Cn (n = 5–7) exhibit an unusual molecular mimicry geometry with a gauche conformation and resilience to dynamic disorders. Asymmetric PhC2–BQQDI–C5 demonstrates excellent electron mobility and centimeter‐scale continuous single‐crystalline thin films, which are two orders of magnitude larger than that of PhC2–BQQDI, allowing for the investigation of electron transport anisotropy and applicable electronics.
Clickable Dynamic Bioinks Enable Post‐Printing Modifications of Construct Composition and Mechanical Properties Controlled over Time and Space
Authors: Tournier Pierre , Saint‐Pé Garance , Lagneau Nathan , Loll François , Halgand Boris , Tessier Arnaud , Guicheux Jérôme , Visage Catherine Le , Delplace Vianney
Published: September 2023

Bioprinting is a booming technology, with numerous applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, most biomaterials designed for bioprinting depend on the use of sacrificial baths and/or non‐physiological stimuli. Printable biomaterials also often lack tunability in terms of their composition and mechanical properties. To address these challenges, the authors introduce a new biomaterial concept that they have termed “clickable dynamic bioinks”. These bioinks use dynamic hydrogels that can be printed, as well as chemically modified via click reactions to fine‐tune the physical and biochemical properties of printed objects after printing. Specifically, using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a polymer of interest, the authors investigate the use of a boronate ester‐based crosslinking reaction to produce dynamic hydrogels that are printable and cytocompatible, allowing for bioprinting. The resulting dynamic bioinks are chemically modified with bioorthogonal click moieties to allow for a variety of post‐printing modifications with molecules carrying the complementary click function. As proofs of concept, the authors perform various post‐printing modifications, including adjusting polymer composition (e.g., HA, chondroitin sulfate, and gelatin) and stiffness, and promoting cell adhesion via adhesive peptide immobilization (i.e., RGD peptide). The results also demonstrate that these modifications can be controlled over time and space, paving the way for 4D bioprinting applications.
High Hydrovoltaic Power Density Achieved by Universal Evaporating Potential Devices
Authors: Yu Fei , Li Jialun , Jiang Yi , Wang Liying , Yang Xijia , Yang Yue , Li Xuesong , Jiang Ke , Lü Wei , Sun Xiaojuan
Published: September 2023

While hydrovoltaic electrical energy generation developments in very recent years have provided an alternative strategy to generate electricity from the direct interaction of materials with water, the two main issues still need to be addressed: achieving satisfactory output power density and understanding the reliable mechanism. In the present work, the integration of capacitors and water evaporation devices is proposed to provide a stable power supply. The feasible device structure consuming only water and air is green and environmentally sustainable, achieving a recorded power density of 142.72 µW cm−2. The output power of the series of devices is sufficient to drive portable electronic products with different voltage and current requirements, enabling self‐driving systems for portable appliances. It has been shown that the working behavior originates from evaporating potential other than streaming potential. The present work provides both theoretical support and an experimental design for realizing practical application of hydrovoltaic electrical energy generation devices.
Vanillin: An Effective Additive to Improve the Longevity of Zn Metal Anode in a 30 m ZnCl2 Electrolyte
Authors: Hoang David , Li Yaqiong , Jung Min Soo , Sandstrom Sean K. , Scida Alexis M. , Jiang Heng , Gallagher Trenton C. , Pollard Brenden A. , Jensen Rachel , Chiu Nan‐Chieh , Stylianou Kyriakos , Stickle William F. , Greaney P. Alex , Ji Xiulei
Published: September 2023

It remains a challenge to design aqueous electrolytes to secure the complete reversibility of zinc metal anodes. The concentrated water‐in‐salt electrolytes, e.g., 30 m ZnCl2, are promising candidates to address the challenges of the Zn metal anode. However, the pure 30 m ZnCl2 electrolyte fails to deliver a smooth surface morphology and a practically relevant Coulombic efficiency. Herein, it is reported that a small concentration of vanillin, 5 mg mLwater−1, added to 30 m ZnCl2 transforms the reversibility of Zn metal anode by eliminating dendrites, lowering the Hammett acidity, and forming an effective solid electrolyte interphase. The presence of vanillin in the electrolyte enables the Zn metal anode to exhibit a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.34% at a low current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, at which the impacts of the hydrogen evolution reaction are allowed to play out. Using this new electrolyte, a full cell Zn metal battery with an anode/cathode capacity (N/P) ratio of 2:1 demonstrates no capacity fading over 800 cycles.
Post‐Treatment of Metal Halide Perovskites: From Morphology Control, Defect Passivation to Band Alignment and Construction of Heterostructures
Authors: Hu Min , Zhu Yanqing , Zhou Zhongmin , Hao Mingwei , Harnmanasvate Chinnatip , Waiyawat Jutharat , Wang Yulong , Lu Jianfeng , An Qinyou , Li Xiong , Zhang Tian , Zhou Yuanyuan , Cheacharoen Rongrong , Rong Yaoguang
Published: September 2023

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed a swift increase in power conversion efficiency in the past decade, emerging as one of the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic technologies for commercialization and low‐carbon energy generation. Through significant efforts in optimizing the processing techniques, high‐quality perovskite thin films can now be prepared with polycrystalline morphologies consisting of monolayer grains. Nevertheless, defects and microstructural disorders still form at the surface/heterointerface and in the bulk of the films. Post‐treatment of the as‐crystallized films has been intensively investigated for passivating these defects, being proved effective for improving the device performance. In this review, the versatile strategies for post‐treating the surface of perovskite thin films toward morphology control, defect passivation, and band alignment are discussed. The tailored surface properties are correlated to charge dynamics at interfaces and photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Since the perovskite heterostructures prepared by simple post‐treatments may suffer from degradation at high temperatures, the recent advances in preparing phase‐pure and stable perovskite heterostructures are also discussed. Finally, a perspective elaborating future opportunities for further enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs is provided.
Stress Relief in Metal Anodes: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Gu Jianan , Shi Yu , Du Zhiguo , Li Meicheng , Yang Shubin
Published: September 2023

Metal anodes (lithium/sodium/zinc) are recognized as the most promising choice for rechargeable batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical redox potential. Unfortunately, metal anodes face serious metal dendrite problems, hindering their practical applications. Recent research has shown that metal dendrites can also be caused by high levels of stress generated during the metal deposition process. To address this issue, an alternative strategy based on stress relief is proposed to inhibit the growth of metal dendrites. Herein, this work aims to investigate the mechanism of stress generation and evolution within metal anodes. In addition, this work explores the utilization of stress to induce metal nucleation.  This work further discuss the various experimental techniques used to study stress release in metal dendrites and review recent research findings on stress relief in metal dendrites within metal anodes. Specifically, this work examines how microstructure and processing conditions affect stress release and discuss potential strategies for improving the efficiency of stress relief strategies in metal dendrites. As a result, a deeper understanding of stress release in metal dendrites can lead to the development of rechargeable batteries with superior performance, longer cycle life, as well as enhanced safety for practical applications in various fields.
Bioelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by Mo‐Dependent Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase
Authors: Sahin Selmihan , Lemaire Olivier N. , Belhamri Mélissa , Kurth Julia M. , Welte Cornelia U. , Wagner Tristan , Milton Ross D.
Published: September 2023

Massive efforts are invested in developing innovative CO2‐sequestration strategies to counter climate change and transform CO2 into higher‐value products. CO2‐capture by reduction is a chemical challenge, and attention is turned toward biological systems that selectively and efficiently catalyse this reaction under mild conditions and in aqueous solvents. While a few reports have evaluated the effectiveness of isolated bacterial formate dehydrogenases as catalysts for the reversible electrochemical reduction of CO2, it is imperative to explore other enzymes among the natural reservoir of potential models that might exhibit higher turnover rates or preferential directionality for the reductive reaction. Here, we present electroenzymatic catalysis of formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase, a CO2‐reducing‐and‐fixing biomachinery isolated from a thermophilic methanogen, which was deposited on a graphite rod electrode to enable direct electron transfer for electroenzymatic CO2 reduction. The gas is reduced with a high Faradaic efficiency (109±1 %), where a low affinity for formate prevents its electrochemical reoxidation and favours formate accumulation. These properties make the enzyme an excellent tool for electroenzymatic CO2‐fixation and inspiration for protein engineering that would be beneficial for biotechnological purposes to convert the greenhouse gas into stable formate that can subsequently be safely stored, transported, and used for power generation without energy loss.
Hydrogen Transport and Evolution in Ni‐MH Batteries by Neutron Imaging
Authors: Nikolic Marin , Cesarini Alessia , Billeter Emanuel , Weyand Fabian , Trtik Pavel , Strobl Markus , Borgschulte Andreas
Published: September 2023

Efficiency losses due to side reactions are one of the main challenges in battery development. Despite providing valuable insights, the results of standard analysis on the individual components cannot be simply extrapolated to the full operating system. Therefore, non‐destructive, and high resolution approaches that allow the investigation of the full system are desired. Herein, we combined neutron radiography and tomography with electrical monitoring of the state of charge of commercial Ni‐mischmetal hydride batteries, to track the exchange and transport of hydrogen under operating conditions. This non‐destructive approach allowed both the quantification of the hydrogen distribution in the electrodes in 4D, and the distinction between the electrochemically exchanged hydrogen and the hydrogen gas pressure generated by side reactions, as a function of the applied potential and current. One of the most counter‐intuitive observation is that the generation of hydrogen gas during discharge depends on the charging state of the battery. The results presented provide critical new insights in the mechanisms governing the electrochemical processes during Nimischmetal hydride battery operation, and also pave the way for the extrapolation of this approach to the investigation of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ions batteries.
Advances in the Research of Photo, Electrical, and Magnetic Responsive Smart Superhydrophobic Materials: Synthesis and Potential Applications
Authors: Wang Zuoliang , Qu Guangfei , Ren Yuanchuan , Chen Xiuping , Wang Jun , Lu Ping , Cheng Minhua , Chu Xiaomei , Yuan Yongheng
Published: September 2023

With the rapid advancement of technology, the wettability of conventional superhydrophobic materials no longer suffice to meet the demands of practical applications. Intelligent responsive superhydrophobic materials have emerged as a highly sought‐after material in various fields. The exceptional superhydrophobicity, reversible wetting, and intelligently controllable characteristics of these materials have led to extensive applications across industries, including industry, agriculture, defense, and medicine. Therefore, the development of intelligent superhydrophobic materials with superior performance, economic practicality, enhanced sensitivity, and controllability assumes utmost importance in advancing technology worldwide. This article provides a summary of the wettability principles of superhydrophobic surfaces and the mechanisms behind intelligent responsive superhydrophobicity. Furthermore, it reviews and analyzes the recent research progress on light, electric, and magnetic responsive superhydrophobic materials, encompassing aspects such as material synthesis, modification, performance, and responses under diverse external stimuli. The article also explores the challenges associated with different types of responsive superhydrophobic materials and the unique application prospects of light, electric, and magnetic responsive superhydrophobic materials. Additionally, it outlines the future directions for the development of intelligent responsive superhydrophobic materials.
Computational Model for Predicting Particle Fracture During Electrode Calendering
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Paredes‐Goyes Brayan , Su Zeliang , Scheel Mario , Weitkamp Timm , Demortière Arnaud , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: September 2023

In the context of calling for low carbon emissions, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely concerned as a power source for electric vehicles, so the fundamental science behind their manufacturing has attracted much attention in recent years. Calendering is an important step of the LIB electrode manufacturing process, and associated changes in the electrode microstructure and mechanical properties are worthy of study. In this work, we report the observed cracking of active material (AM) particles due to calendering pressure under ex situ X‐ray nano tomography experiments. We developed an innovative 3D discrete element method (DEM) model with bonded connections to physically mimic the calendering process using real AM particle shapes derived from the tomography experiments. The DEM model can well predict the change of the morphology of the dry electrode under pressure, and the changes of the applied pressure and porosity are consistent with the experimental values. At the same time, the model is able to simulate the secondary AM particles cracking by the fracture of the bonds under force. Our model is the first of its kind that can predict the fracture of the secondary particles along the calendering process. This work provides a tool for guidance in the manufacturing of optimized LIB electrodes.
The asymmetric plasma membrane—A composite material combining different functionalities?
Authors: Schütz Gerhard J. , Pabst Georg
Published: September 2023

One persistent puzzle in the life sciences is the asymmetric lipid composition of the cellular plasma membrane: while the exoplasmic leaflet is enriched in lipids carrying predominantly saturated fatty acids, the cytoplasmic leaflet hosts preferentially lipids with (poly‐)unsaturated fatty acids. Given the high energy requirements necessary for cells to maintain this asymmetry, the question naturally arises regarding its inherent benefits. In this paper, we propose asymmetry to represent a potential solution for harmonizing two conflicting requirements for the plasma membrane: first, the need to build a barrier for the uncontrolled influx or efflux of substances; and second, the need to form a fluid and dynamic two‐dimensional substrate for signaling processes. We hence view here the plasma membrane as a composite material, where the exoplasmic leaflet is mainly responsible for the functional integrity of the barrier and the cytoplasmic leaflet for fluidity. We reinforce the validity of the proposed mechanism by presenting quantitative data from the literature, along with multiple examples that bolster our model.
Learning by teaching efficiently enhances learning outcomes in molecular biology of the cell course
Authors: Mijakovic Ivan , Rahimi Shadi
Published: September 2023

To evaluate the impact of active learning approaches in a basic molecular and cell biology course for undergraduate students, we assessed the effect of learning by teaching and peer review on the learning outcomes. A literature seminar activity with peer review and feedback was organized as a compulsory activity for all students, covering about 25% of the course content. The remaining 75% of the course was delivered as classical lectures. The students collaborated in groups to present the content of a review article complemented with a research article. For each group of students, an opponent group was assigned to challenge the presenting group by questions and contribute to the evaluation of the presentation together with the teacher. Based on the feedback survey, the students reacted positively to this active learning exercise, and they strongly recommended keeping it in the future editions of the course. The students' exam scores strongly indicated that the learning outcomes from the learning by teaching part of the course were consistently higher than from the classical lecture part of the course. Further optimization of the active learning part of the course is outlined based on student feedback.
The possibility of mutations of RAS signaling genes and/or TP53 in combination as a negative prognostic impact on pathological stage I non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Honda Takayuki , Seto Katsutoshi , Endo Satoshi , Takemoto Akira , Tanimoto Kousuke , Kobayashi Masashi , Kitano Masatake , Sakakibara Rie , Mitsumura Takahiro , Ishibashi Hironori , Inazawa Johji , Tanaka Toshihiro , Miyazaki Yasunari , Okubo Kenichi
Published: September 2023

Background

The recurrence rate of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is as high as 30%, even in the cancer with pathological stage I disease. Therefore, identifying factors predictive of high‐risk pathological recurrence is important. However, few studies have examined the genetic status of these tumors and its relationship to prognosis.

Materials and Methods

A cohort of 328 cases of primary lung cancer that underwent complete resection at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) was screened for 440 cancer‐associated genes using panel testing. Further analyses included 92 cases of pathological stage I NSCLC who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Ridge regression was performed to identify association studies mutational status and postoperative recurrence. These data were then validated using clinical and genetic data from 56 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results

Mutations in TP53, RAS signaling genes KRAS and HRAS, and EGFR were recurrently detected. Ridge regression analysis relevant to recurrence, as well as survival analysis, performed using data from the TMDU cohort revealed significantly shorter relapse‐free survival (RFS) for patients with RAS signaling or TP53 gene mutations than for those without (log‐rank test, p = 0.00090). This statistical trend was also suggested in the TCGA cohort (log‐rank test, p = 0.10).

Conclusion

Mutations in RAS signaling genes and/or TP53 could be useful for the prediction of shorter RFS of patients with stage I NSCLC.
Primary groin porocarcinoma in a 43‐year‐old man successfully managed by local excision: A case report and literature review
Authors: Megahed Heba , Al‐Hammadi Ayda , Al‐Nauaimi Noura , Al Hyassat Samir , Al‐Thalathini Mahmoud
Published: September 2023

Porocarcinoma is a rare skin malignancy that should be suspected in patients with chronic skin lesions. Although it usually affects the elderly population in sun‐exposed areas, it may be seen in younger populations and in nonexposed areas such as the groin.
G‐CSF‐induced TIPIC syndrome and large vessel vasculitis: A case report
Authors: Arnould Bérangère , Miranda Sébastien , Mignon François , Camus Vincent
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

We report a rare adverse event of transient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery syndrome induced by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor injections. Recognition of this syndrome is important for physicians, to avoid the exposure of the causative medication, rule out differential diagnosis and delay the use of corticosteroids given the spontaneous improvement after discontinuation of the causative medication.

A 73 year‐old Caucasian woman presented with odynophagia, carotidynia, and fever 5 days following a granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) injection for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia in the setting of myelodysplastic syndrome. Examination showed painful swelling of the neck. Lab results showed inflammation with CRP 328 mg/L. A CT‐scan revealed tissue infiltration thickening surrounding the left internal carotid artery, the carotid bifurcation, and the common carotid artery, as well as circumferential thickening of the aortic arch. Ultrasound of the left internal carotid artery found isoechoic wall thickening. Symptoms drastically improved without steroids in a short time period. Horton's disease, Takayasu's diseases, and infectious vasculitis were not retained due to the short time delay of symptoms onset, atypical echogenicity, and spontaneous improvement. A diagnosis of G‐CSF‐induced large vessel vasculitis transient perivascular inflammation of the carotid artery (TIPIC) syndrome was made. Seven days later, ultrasound control showed diminished thickening infiltration. G‐CSF TIPIC is a rare adverse event that should be kept in mind in patients under G‐CSF.
Low T3 syndrome predicts more adverse events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: He Chao‐Jie , Zhu Chun‐Yan , Fan Hong‐Yan , Qian Ye‐Zhou , Zhai Chang‐Lin , Hu Hui‐Lin
Published: September 2023

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common cardiac genetic disorder that clinically manifests with sudden death and progressive heart failure. Moreover, thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether thyroid hormones could serve as an independent predictor of adverse events in patients with HCM.

Methods

The cohort consisted of 782 patients with HCM who had thyroid hormones baseline data and were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University. Patients were divided into two groups according to serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3): the normal fT3 and low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome groups. Low T3 syndrome was defined as fT3 < 2.43 pmol/L with a normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Patients whose TSH levels were abnormally high or abnormally low were excluded from this study. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) events, and the secondary endpoint was a composite of worsening heart failure (WHF) events, including heart failure death, cardiac decompensation, hospitalization for heart failure, and HCM‐related stroke. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were performed for the survival analysis.

Results

After a median follow‐up of 52 months, 75 SCD events and 134 WHF events were recorded. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the cumulative incidence of SCD events and WHF events were significantly higher in patients with low T3 syndrome (log‐rank p = .02 and log‐rank p = .001, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that low T3 syndrome is a strong predictor of SCD events and WHF events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.24, p < .01; HR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2.91–4.98, p < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

Low T3 syndrome is highly prevalent among patients with HCM and was independently associated with an increased risk of SCD events and WHF events. The routine assessment of serum fT3 levels may provide risk stratification in this population.
Inherently disordered regions of axonemal dynein assembly factors
Authors: King Stephen M.
Published: September 2023

The dynein‐driven beating of cilia is required to move individual cells and to generate fluid flow across surfaces and within cavities. These motor enzymes are highly complex and can contain upwards of 20 different protein components with a total mass approaching 2 MDa. The dynein heavy chains are enormous proteins consisting of ~4500 residues and ribosomes take approximately 15 min to synthesize one. Studies in a broad array of organisms ranging from the green alga Chlamydomonas to humans has identified 19 cytosolic factors (DNAAFs) that are needed to specifically build axonemal dyneins; defects in many of these proteins lead to primary ciliary dyskinesia in mammals which can result in infertility, severe bronchial problems, and situs inversus. How all these factors cooperate in a spatially and temporally regulated manner to promote dynein assembly in cytoplasm remains very uncertain. These DNAAFs contain a variety of well‐folded domains many of which provide protein interaction surfaces. However, many also exhibit large regions that are predicted to be inherently disordered. Here I discuss the nature of these unstructured segments, their predicted propensity for driving protein phase separation, and their potential for adopting more defined conformations during the dynein assembly process.
Electrostatic Self Assembly of Metal‐Free Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Protonated Carbon Nitride (h‐BN/PCN) Nanohybrid: A Synergistically Upgraded 2D/2D Sustainable Electrocatalyst for Sulfamethazine Identification
Authors: Govindaraj Muthukumar , P K Udhaya Ganesh , Muthukumaran Magesh Kumar , Sekar Karthikeyan , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari , Arockia Selvi J.
Published: September 2023

In the scientific community, developing a non‐enzymatic detection tool for highly reliable and sensitive identification of the targeted biomolecules is challenging. Sulfamethazine (SMZ), a bacterial inhibitor frequently used as an antibacterial medicine, can cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans if taken in excess. Hence, there is a need for a reliable and rapid sensor that can detect SMZ in food and aquatic environments. The goal of this study aims to develop a novel, inexpensive 2D/2D hexagonal boron nitride/protonated carbon nitride (h‐BN/PCN) nanohybrid that can function as an electrocatalyst for SMZ sensing. The as‐synthesized material‘s crystalline, structural, chemical, and self‐assembly properties were thoroughly characterized by XRD, HR‐TEM, XPS, HR‐SEM, FT‐IR, and ZETA potential and electrochemical sensing capacity of the suggested electrodes was optimized using CV, EIS, DPV, and i‐t curve techniques. The above nanohybrid of h‐BN/PCN‐modified GCE exhibits improved non‐enzymatic sulfamethazine sensing behaviour, with a response time of less than 1.83 s, a sensitivity of 1.80 μA μM−1 cm−2, a detection limit of 0.00298 μM, and a range of 10 nM to 200 μM. The electrochemical analysis proves that the conductivity of h‐BN has significantly improved after assembling PCN due to the large surface area with active surface sites and the synergistic effect. Notably, our constructed sensor demonstrated outstanding selectivity over a range of probable interferents, and electrochemical studies indicate that the suggested sensor has improved functional durability, rapid response, impartial repeatability, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the feasibility of an h‐BN/PCN‐modified sensor to detect the presence of SMZ in food samples consumed by humans has been successfully tested with high recovery percentages.
Unveiling the Noncovalent Interaction of Thiazol‐2‐ylidene and Its Derivatives as N‐heterocyclic Carbene with Different Proton Donor Molecules
Authors: Keot Niharika , Lama Bittu , Singh Haobam Kisan , Bhattacharyya Himangshu Pratim , Sarma Manabendra
Published: September 2023

The importance of noncovalent interaction has gained attention in various domains covering drug and novel catalyst design. The present study mainly characterizes the role of hydrogen bond (H‐bond) and other intermolecular interactions in different (1 : 1) complex analogues formed between the N‐aryl‐thiazol‐2‐ylidene (YR) and five proton donor (HX) molecules. The analysis of the singlet‐triplet energy gap (
) confirmed the stability of the singlet state for this class of N‐aryl‐thiazol‐2‐ylidenes than the triplet state. The interaction energy values of the YR‐HX complexes follow the order: YR‐NH3<YR‐HCN<YR‐H2O<YR‐MeOH<YR‐HF. In addition, substituting the H‐atom of the N−H bond with bulky groups (−R) leads to an increase in the interaction energy of the YR‐HX complexes. Hence, it was found that the replacement of N‐atom in N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by S‐atom forming N‐aryl‐thiazol‐2‐ylidene results in comparable intermolecular interactions with proton donor molecules similar to imidazole‐2‐ylidene (NHC). The current study enlightened the role of noncovalent interactions in carbene complexes with proton donor molecules. We hope that our work on carbene chemistry will pave the way for its application in the designing and synthesis of efficient catalysts.
Reversible Acid‐Base Responsive Fluorescence Changes of Solutions and Crystals Based on Anthracenyl Pyridyl Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Tian‐Le , Zhao Chengxi , Liu Zhi‐Jian , Xu Tian‐Yi , Lin Hui‐Yao , Zhou Shang‐Wu , Li Yu‐Hao , Tong Fei
Published: September 2023

Organic compounds that can respond to external stimuli and exhibit fluorescence changes have drawn increasing attention recently because of their potential applications in intelligent displays, optical data storage, anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, and sensors. Herein, we have synthesized two new organic compounds based on frameworks of anthracene and pyridine groups: 4‐(anthracen‐9‐yl) pyridine (AN9P) and 4‐(anthracen‐2‐yl) pyridine (AN2P). Both compounds, in solution and solid state, including polycrystals and single crystals, display reversible fluorescence transformations under alternate acid and base treatments. AN9P and AN2P solutions could be regulated to emit white‐light luminescence. The photoluminescence of the AN9P and AN2P polycrystals showed fast fluorescence changes with wide ranges (>300 nm) upon alternate acid and base stimuli and still exhibited remarkable fluorescence emission with almost no attenuation after 15 cycles of the reversible process. Both experimental and computational results suggested that the heteroatom nitrogen in the AN9P and AN2P molecules significantly influenced the intra‐ and intermolecular electronic interactions during the reversible protonation and deprotonation processes, resulting in changes in their frontier molecular orbitals and fluorescence emission characteristics. Our results provide a new facile approach to design molecular structures that realize highly dynamic photoluminescence changes in both liquid solution and solid crystal.
Structural Diversity in Cyclometalated Diiridium(III) Complexes with Bridging syn and anti μ2‐Oxamidato and μ2‐Dithioxamidato Ligands
Authors: M'hamedi Ahmed , Batsanov Andrei S. , Fox Mark A. , Aguilar Juan A. , Bryce Martin R.
Published: September 2023

Six new diiridium complexes containing 2‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyridyl as the cyclometalating ligand with a μ2‐oxamidato or a μ2‐dithioxamidato ligand as the bridge have been synthesized in 60–73 % yields. These complexes were revealed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy to contain inseparable mixtures of diastereomers (rac, ΔΔ/ΛΛ and meso, ΔΛ) with bridges in anti and syn configurations. The remarkable variety of isomers present was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography on single crystals grown from mixtures of each complex. In one complex with a N,N’‐bis(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐μ2‐oxamidato bridge, two single crystals of anti and syn isomers were structurally determined. Two single crystals of the μ2‐dithioxamidato bridge complex were found to contain rac and meso forms of the syn isomer. Hybrid DFT computations on the four isomers of each diiridium complex revealed negligible energetic preferences for one isomer despite the methyl groups in the 2‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyridyl cyclometalating ligands being close to the neighboring methyl groups and the bridge, thus supporting the experimental findings of isomer mixtures. Two distinct broad emissions with maxima at 522–529 nm and at 689–701 nm observed in these complexes in dichloromethane are attributed to mixed metal‐ligand to ligand charge transfer (MLLCT) excited states involving the pyridyl and bridge moieties respectively with the aid of electronic structure computations.
Industrial Fragrance Chemistry: A Brief Historical Perspective
Authors: David Olivier R. P. , Doro Franco
Published: September 2023

Perfumery has evolved from a handcraft activity, marking supreme aristocratic luxury in the Renaissance, to a global industry powering scent experiences for present‐day consumers through the use of a myriad of consumer packaged goods. This contribution reviews major breakthroughs in the field, including landmark fragrance ingredients, technological advances in scent delivery, and key innovations in consumer products which created the demand for scientific and technological advancements in the scent domain. These innovations are presented chronologically, relying solely on information drawn from public written sources, spanning a time period of 150 years (1870–2020). We hope with this contribution to generate interest in the readership for this fascinating field, while celebrating 150 years of innovation for scented mass‐market products.
Divergent Temporal Trends of Mercury in Arctic Char from Paired Lakes Influenced by Climate-Related Drivers
Authors: Burke Samantha , Muir Derek C. G. , Kirk Jane , Barst Benjamin D. , Iqaluk Debbie , Wang Xiaowa , Pope Mike , Lamoureux Scott F. , Lafrenière Melissa J.
Published: September 2023

Climate-driven changes including rising air temperatures, enhanced permafrost degradation, and altered precipitation patterns can have profound effects on contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), in High Arctic lakes. Two physically similar lakes, East Lake and West Lake at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory on Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada are being affected by climate change differently. Both lakes have experienced permafrost degradation in their catchments; however, West Lake has also undergone multiple underwater Mass Movement Events (MMEs; beginning in fall 2008), leading to a sustained 50-fold increase in turbidity. This provided the unique opportunity to understand the potential impacts of permafrost degradation and other climate-related effects on Hg concentrations and body condition of landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), an important sentinel species across the Circum-Arctic. Our objectives were to assess temporal trends in char Hg concentrations and to determine potential mechanisms driving the trends. There was a significant decrease in Hg concentrations in East Lake char, averaging 6.5%/year and 3.8%/year for length-adjusted and age-adjusted means, respectively, from 2008 to 2019. Conversely, in West Lake there was a significant increase, averaging 7.9%/year and 8.0%/year for length-adjusted and age-adjusted mean Hg concentrations, respectively, for 2009 to 2017 (the last year with sufficient sample size). The best predictors of length-adjusted Hg concentrations in West Lake were carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, indicating a shift in diet including possible dietary starvation brought on by the profound increase in lake turbidity. Our study provides an example of how increasing lake turbidity, a likely consequence of climate warming in Arctic lakes, may influence fish condition and Hg concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2712–2725. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Comparison of the dentin tubule penetration of AH Plus, WellRoot ST, and MTA BioSeal after obturation, retreatment, and re‐shaping of the root canals
Authors: Uysal Betül Aycan , Arıcan Burçin
Published: September 2023

It was aimed to compare the dentine tubule penetration of AH Plus, MTA Bioseal, and WellRoot ST after filling, retreating, and reshaping the root canals by using a novel microscopic method. Seventy‐five mandibular incisors with single root canals were shaped with Protaper Next system (PTN; X2‐25/0.06) The teeth were obturated with AH Plus labeled with Rhodamin B and MTA Bioseal or WellRoot ST sealer which were labeled with Fluo‐3. Then the root canal fillings were removed with Protaper Universal Retreatment files. At the last stage, the teeth were reshaped with PTN (X3‐30/0.07). The samples were transversally sectioned and examined using a Cytation 5 reader and Gen5 software regarding the mean and the maximum depth of sealer penetration. No significant difference was observed between the groups, except for the 6 mm level after reshaping the root canals (p < .05). It is not possible to completely remove the sealer remnants from the dentin walls even after reshaping the root canals.

Research Highlights

Even after reshaping the root canals in the retreatment procedure, it is not possible to completely remove the filling residues of the epoxy‐resin‐based, calcium‐silicate‐based and MTA‐based endodontic pastes from the dentin walls.
Hyaluronic acid: An overlooked extracellular vesicle contaminant
Authors: Goncalves Jenifer P. , Ghebosu Raluca E. , Tan Xuan Ning Sharon , Iannotta Dalila , Koifman Na'ama , Wolfram Joy
Published: September 2023

The variable presence of contaminants in extracellular vesicle (EV) samples is one of the major contributors to a lack of inter‐study reproducibility in the field. Well‐known contaminants include protein aggregates, RNA‐protein complexes and lipoproteins, which resemble EVs in shape, size and/or density. On the contrary, polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), have been overlooked as EV contaminants. Here, it is shown that low and medium molecular weight HA polymers are unexpectedly retained to some extent in EV fractions using two common isolation methods known for high purity: size‐exclusion chromatography and tangential flow filtration. Although these isolation techniques are capable of efficient removal of non‐EV‐associated proteins, this is not the case for HA polymers, which are partially retained in a molecular weight‐dependent manner, especially with size‐exclusion chromatography. The supramolecular structure and hydrodynamic size of HA are likely to contribute to isolation in EV fractions of filtration‐based approaches. Conversely, HA polymers were not retained with ultracentrifugation and polymer‐based precipitation methods, which are known for co‐isolating other types of contaminants. HA has a broad range of immunomodulatory effects, similar to those ascribed to various sources of EVs. Therefore, HA contaminants should be considered in future studies to avoid potential inaccurate attributions of functional effects to EVs.
Unlocking ultimate precision of intensity and area ratio measurements in Raman spectroscopy: Insights from simulation, experimentation, and theory and implications for isotope ratio analysis
Authors: Hagiwara Yuuki , Yokokura Lena , Yamamoto Junji
Published: September 2023

The intensity ratio (αI) and area ratio (αA) obtained using Raman spectroscopy are used widely to characterize the physical properties of gases, fluids, and solids, but the underlying parameters which affect their precision (
and
) have not been elucidated. We use simulations, experiments, and theoretical analyses to investigate the effects of instrumental performance, analytical conditions, and sample size on
and
. We identified the parameters which strongly influence
: (1) the weaker peak intensity Iw; (2) the ratio of the bandwidth to pixel resolution of the weaker peak Γw/Δxw; (3) the degree of detector saturation; (4)
with readout noise σR, dark noise σD, and shot noise σS; (5) drift; and (6) sample size. Theoretical and simulation results show that, when Γw/Δxw ≪ (Γs/Δxs)/αI, increasing Iw or Γw/Δxw by n times can improve
by a factor of
. Results showed that
is a measure of how much the achievable
in the experiment differs from that under ideal analytical conditions (i.e.,
). When
is not the case (i.e., when Iw is low), reducing σD or σR by decreasing the readout speed, setting a lower charge coupled device (CCD) sensitivity, reducing number of readouts, or narrowing vertical binning width can improve
. We demonstrated that evaluations of
or
based on small sample sizes can engender physically unattainable precision. When the sample size is n = 5, 10, or 20, the average uncertainties of
and
correspond, respectively, to approximately 30%, 20%, and 15%. Giving an accurate and comparable assessment for
and
necessitates the reporting of intensity (in units of electrons), bandwidth, Δx, and the sample size.
Foam in grinding and role of ground mineral in its stability
Authors: El‐Midany A. A. , Farag R. M.
Published: September 2023

Surfactants are usually used as grinding aids. However, surfactant foaming during the grinding process is rarely mentioned in the literature with no clarification of its effect on the grinding process. In this paper, the generation of foam during the grinding of talc and quartz, as two different minerals in their hardness and hydrophobicity, was observed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS). The effect of generated foam on the fineness of ground product under different grinding conditions such as solids%, grinding time, and pulp pH was investigated. The results indicated that the foam was formed during the grinding of both minerals. The foam volume depends not only on the presence of surfactant but also on the characteristics of the mineral along with grinding conditions. The foam was intense and more stable particularly at pH 10 and high solid content (i.e., 60% solids) in the case of talc due to its fineness and hydrophobicity that result in bubbles stabilization. Remarkably, there is no foam at acidic pH due to the high ionic strength that leads to bubble instability. Most importantly, the presence of surfactant foams improves the size reduction process by providing more dispersion of particles, as one of the grinding aid mechanisms, due to particle‐particle and particle‐SDS repulsive electrostatic forces.
Deep eutectic solvent‐based modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction combined with solidification of floating organic droplet‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of some pesticides from canola oil followed by gas chromatography analysis
Authors: Arvanaghi Mona , Javadi Afshin , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2023

Herein, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction was developed based on deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of several pesticides from canola oil samples. In this work, first, different sorbents were selected to remove the sample interferences, and the composition of the sorbents was optimized by simplex centroid design. The extracted analytes were more concentrated by solidification of floating deep eutectic solvent droplet‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Low limits of detection (0.15–0.23 ng/g) and quantification (0.49–0.76 ng/g), high extraction recoveries (74–87%) and enrichment factors (224–263), and good repeatability (relative standard deviation equal to or less than 5.1 and 4.7% for intra‐ and interday precisions, respectively) were achieved using the proposed method. The suggested approach was used for the quantification of the analytes in different canola oil samples. Additionally, the effects of microwave irradiations exposure and sonication in decontamination of the samples were evaluated. In this method, there was no need for centrifugation and toxic solvents. Also, effective extraction of the analytes and minimizing interferences were achieved through the use of various sorbents.