bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Early Breast Cancer using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Leung Kaitlyn
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease that impacts millions of people worldwide, necessitating heightened awareness and effective early detection strategies. Current methods for determining the presence and type of breast cancer in a clinical breast exam conducted by healthcare providers may be inaccurate, imprecise, and prone to error. The goal of this research project is to offer a second opinion for physicians to predict whether or not a patient has early onset breast cancer through a machine learning model developed from an image dataset, to significantly reduce the error in breast cancer staging, making the process more efficient in healthcare. Early detection is crucial for successful treatments of breast cancer, as treatment options in late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer can have a much worse prognosis. In the US, 240,000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed per year in both men and women with a mortality rate of approximately 42,000 per year. [1] To approach this problem, I have tested an MLP Classifier, Logistic Regression, Ridge Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Support Vector Classifier, and trained a Convolutional Neural Network to compare various results and determine the best accuracy. The Convolutional Neural Network yielded impressive outcomes, reaching up to 79% testing accuracy and 98% training accuracy. The final model exhibits the capability to identify early signs of breast cancer and differentiate between malignant and benign tumours with relatively high accuracy showing the potential of AI in combination with medical imaging that can assist medical staff in diagnosis.
A Deep Semi-Supervised Domain Generalization Approach for Epileptic Seizure Prediction using Electro Encephalo Graphy (EEG)
Authors: An Sunwoo , Osei-Mensah Koby
Published: August 2024

According to the World Health Organization, nearly 50 million people suffer from epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disease. Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal brain activity, leading to recurrent seizures. Each seizure manifests as sudden, uncontrolled bursts of electrical activity in the brain, and the injuries and restrictions on daily life underscores the urgency of finding effective methods for epileptic seizure prediction. With the use of deep learning techniques, early predictions of epileptic seizures, an unsolved problem, are attempted in this paper. Previous research has limitations of being sensitive to noise as it is dependent on specific electroencephalogram (EEG) devices and datasets, a serious issue this paper solves. In this paper, a semi-supervised based domain generalization method to develop an accurate seizure prediction system is proposed. It consists of two phases: representation learning and transfer learning phase. To achieve high precision, the proposed method utilizes a representation learning approach. Here, a feature-swapping mechanism that effectively disentangles seizure-related features is introduced. During transfer learning, the pre-trained network is trained to output the probability of whether the input EEG indicates a seizure or not.  The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance, with an accuracy of 90.53% and 94.88% on the NICU and Epileptic Seizure Recognition datasets respectively in within-dataset evaluations. It outperforms the previous methods by 19.35% in cross-dataset evaluations. This robust improvement opens up promising possibilities for real-world clinical applications. The proposed feature disentangling method is also expected to contribute to developing reliable medical tools.
Chips and the Future of Taiwan
Authors: Hu Liao
Published: August 2024

This paper provides (1) an outlook of Taiwan’s chip industry relative to other countries, (2) projections for Taiwan’s future with possible scenarios, (3) tentative forecasts for the future prospect of Taiwanese chip firms, and (4) policy suggestions in the interests of Taiwan. Our results show varying degrees of impacts on the revenues of chip firms based upon different war-peace scenarios. Taiwan's government should take active steps to de-risk and stabilize political relationships with China.
The Physical and Mental Repercussions of Weight Stigma
Authors: Salve Bianca
Published: August 2024

Weight stigma, or sizeism, is prejudice and discrimination against an individual based on their weight. Sizeism must be addressed due to its extreme severity and misconceptions. Body dysmorphic disorder, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and other mental disorders stem from weight stigma. Two extensive studies uncovered the prominence of body shaming. First, an experiment called “The Impact of Weight Stigma on Caloric Consumption” by Natasha Schvey et al. involved 73 women of varying weights who were randomly assigned to either a control group (exposed to regular advertisements) or an experimental group (exposed to fat-shaming content). Both groups were given access to snack bowls and participants were provided with questionnaires. The women in the overweight/stigma group consumed three times more calories than the normal weight/neutral group. Additionally, women in the overweight/neutral group consumed the least amount of calories among all groups. The second experiment, labeled “Unpacking the psychological weight of weight stigma: A rejection-expectation pathway” by Blodorn et al., required 84 females and 78 males to give a speech while either audio or video recording. There was a positive correlation between BMI and rejection expectations among women in the experimental group. Incorporating such findings into legislation in the workforce, measures in schools, and social movements will promote society’s betterment. Psychologists may also be able to use this information to understand how sizeism translates to defense mechanisms, mental disorders, and self-efficacy, and how it has become prevalent due to the just-world phenomenon.
Stock Price Predictions With a Linear Model and Neural Network
Authors: Ma Ivan , Drosis Odysseas
Published: August 2024

The stock market is important for the economy: not only does it provide ways for businesses to raise capital, but it also allows individuals to build wealth. This paper focuses on building an artificial intelligence (AI) model that can predict the prices of stocks based on historical prices. The data used to train the AI model was collected via Yahoo Finance, and the result was a model that could predict the prices of shares of different companies with a mean square error (MSE) of less than 100.
High Schoolers’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authors: Parmar Navin
Published: August 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rising technology with endless benefits and applications especially in the field of medicine. Unfortunately, ethical issues such as accountability, privacy, safety, security, and transparency have created a divide between the public and AI. A key population to understand is high school students as they will be affected more and more as AI continues to be developed. This begs the question: What are American high school students’ perceptions of artificial intelligence in medicine? The mixed method approach for this study used a survey aligned with Aggarwal et al. (2021) to gather quantitative results about student opinions on AI. Structure interviews aligned with Amann et al. (2023) were also conducted to find underlying themes between participants’ opinions. There were a total of 153 participants in this study. The students had self-reported low levels of understanding of AI as 44.44% disagreed with the statement that they had knowledge of AI technology in medicine while 30.72% were neutral. Additionally, only 23.53% of students trusted AI which contradicted the fact that students have a great amount of exposure to new technologies. There were significant differences in the levels of knowledge and trust in AI that high school students had in this study. A need for education on AI and its use in medicine as well as other sectors may be beneficial in closing the gap between the public and AI.
Greek Tragedies and Pottery
Authors: Xin Yi
Published: August 2024

This paper explores how Greek pottery from the fourth century reflects a historic perception of Greek tragedies that differs significantly from that of modern times. By analyzing Euripides’ Medea and Hippolytus, the study contends that the modern interpretation of these two tragedies is centered on the personality of tragic characters and the emotionality of the tragic plot. It is also evident that, by examining modern productions and adaptations of Euripides’ plays and relevant literary studies, the modern audience is particularly perceptive of the themes of sex, love, and marriage, which are often incorporated into discourses on contemporary issues. An investigation into the depiction of tragedies in classical pottery, however, highlights the significance of divinity in the historic understanding of the plays, reflecting the Athenian audience’s prioritized interest in religion. This paper thus argues that the thematic perception of Greek tragedies is ever-changing throughout ancient and modern times and is greatly influenced by the current of contemporary cultures. The paper also proposes that a theatrical emphasis on religion is conducive to forming a new modern perspective on Greek plays as well as social issues.
The impact of trade and globalization on the economic development of nations
Authors: Pitman Jasmine
Published: August 2024

The rise of globalization has exacerbated disparities between developing and developed nations. This economic imbalance may be explained through the different export strategies (e.g., commodity vs non-commodity) that countries employ. This paper explores how trade and globalization impacts the economic development of nations with a specific focus on how different export strategies impact outcomes.
 
Focusing on one developing nation, Bolivia in Latin America, and one developed nation, the United States, this paper provides an explanation of why exporting non-commodities leads to greater development. Fundamental learnings to support this include the promotion of more diversity in a workplace, higher rates of innovation, higher-skilled jobs, higher national wages, better working conditions, and non-value detracting FDI. It also enables countries to specialize in goods or services that they have comparative advantage in, in order to foster greater revenue.
 
This research allows for essential insights into notions for development trajectories; developing nations can adapt their export strategies by diversifying into manufactured goods, increasing government expenditure into the secondary sector, and capitalizing on natural resources by revising resource-extracting trade agreements.
Holding America Accountable: Reparations for African Americans
Authors: Goitom Noelle , Demessie Menna
Published: August 2024

This research paper delves into the enduring presence of racism in the United States and its infiltration into the nation's laws and institutions. It aims to shed light on the imperative for reparations to address historical and ongoing injustices endured by Black Americans, while also examining the barriers that have hindered meaningful discussion and progress in this area. The data collection is a combination of primary and secondary research methods with an emphasis on meta-analysis, school-wide surveys on public knowledge of the topic, analysis of charts from the Federal Reserve, and an interview with Dr. Menna Demessie, Ph.D., former Vice President of Policy Analysis and Research for the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation. Drawing from a wide array of sources, this research paper uncovers systemic and structural manifestations of racism, persistent in the United States. It critically examines how racial disparities in education, housing, criminal justice, and employment continue to perpetuate racial inequality. The research findings highlight the urgent need for reparations and the moral imperative to acknowledge and redress the enduring harm caused by slavery, segregation, and ongoing systemic racism. Through the exploration of existing reparations programs in other countries and the examination of potential models, this study offers insights into the practical implementation of reparations within the United States. Furthermore, this paper investigates the suppression of the discussion surrounding reparations by analyzing the historical, political, and social factors that have hindered the advancement of reparation initiatives, including institutional resistance, racial bias, and the perpetuation of divisive narratives.
Queer Asian American Belonging and Narrative in Everything Everywhere All At Once (Kwan & Scheinert, 2022) and Sewing Patches Through Performance (D’Lo, 2021)
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Manosalvas Kiara
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to outline how ethnicity and sexuality intersect for second-generation queer Asian Americans. I delineate three difficulties that second-generation queer Asian Americans may face in the process of coming out and reckoning their own identity: 1. The influence of traditional Asian cultures on queer attitudes of parents, 2. Acculturation complicating communication between parent and child, and 3. The intersection of being queer and ethnic at the same time in a heteronormative, white society. Within this framework, I will conduct a comparative critique of how the movie Everything Everywhere All At Once and the essay Sewing Patches Through Performance portray the conflict and resolution between a first-generation Asian immigrant and their queer child. These two works showcase the importance of understanding the unique space that queer Asians occupy in extending support toward them and the significance of personal narratives in shaping queer lives.
Implementation of Shor's Algorithm and Its Demonstrated Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Wang Chenxuan
Published: August 2024

The unique principles of quantum physics introduce an element of uncertainty into our previously deterministic world. Quantum computing, derived from quantum physics, enables the representation of a qubit in both |0> and |1> states, thus encoding more information and unleashing a realm of new possibilities. This paper conducts an analysis of the classical RSA encryption protocol and its vulnerability to the quantum algorithm—Shor's algorithm. Furthermore, this paper rigorously establishes the mathematical theories required for the analysis. Finally, the algorithm is thoroughly explored, and the potential efficiencies of quantum computing are discussed. As the study of quantum computing deepens, its application is poised to surpass that of traditional computers in various fields, leaving a profound impact.
Taxation as Theft for Individuals and Corporations
Authors: Lee Lauren , Bishop Alec
Published: August 2024

The existence of any government, and thus arguably, of any organized society, would not be possible without one thing. This one thing is money, which, when taken by the government, is called tax. The first recorded taxes date back to ancient Egypt. Taxes must be paid in order to fund the activities of the government, whatever they may be. Without money, governments would have no continued source of revenue by which to operate. Due to the assumed necessity of government and the functions they perform in today’s world, the issue of whether or not tax is a form of theft is generally considered irrelevant, and thus ignored. It is often believed that taxation is simply necessary, so therefore it must not be morally or legally stealing. This paper will examine the critical yet complex issue of whether or not taxation is in fact theft – or something taken without consent – through the dual consideration of both individuals, on the one hand, and multinational corporations, at the other end of the spectrum. The paper will perform an analysis of “consent,” without which taxation must be considered theft, into three elements: whether or not taxation involves choice, whether it is an informed decision, and whether control over the tax exists.
The Psychological and Physical Effects of Sex Taboos
Authors: Cetina Ana
Published: August 2024

The objective of this investigation was to find the physical and psychological effects that sex taboos directly or indirectly cause in individuals. This investigation's importance is reflected in how sex taboos are such an integral part of everything, from culture, art, clothing, architecture, medical care, teachings, and language. Sex taboos are present in almost every person's life, and it is essential first to illustrate the effects they have on people to be able to take the first step into helping individuals and irradicating sex taboos. This investigation proves that sex taboos, or situations caused by the upholding of these norms, lead to anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, risky sexual behavior, higher HIV infection rates, higher teen pregnancy rates, incorrect sex ed, damaged parent-child relationships, emotional distress, mistreatment and misdiagnosis of malnutrition, prejudice, isolation, medical professionals perpetuating misinformation and myths, violent sexual behavior, and suicide.
Symmetry in Nature and Faces: The Relationship of Beauty Perception and the Role of the Golden Ratio
Authors: Chong Celine , Zelcer Brook
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into aesthetic perceptions, researching the intrinsic relationship between beauty and the golden ratio in flowers and faces. The literature review navigates the historical, mathematical, and biological underpinnings of beauty's subjectivity and its connection to the golden ratio. Utilizing a three-stage modified Implicit Association Test (IAT) methodology, involving images of flowers and faces adhering or deviating from the golden ratio, the study examines subconscious preferences among 75 participants. Participants were tasked with rapid selections between pairs of flower and facial images, revealing their unconscious aesthetic inclinations. Approximately 45.3% of the sample exhibited a consistent affinity for symmetrical and golden ratioed features, showcasing an unconscious recognition of the golden ratio. Correlation analyses (pearson correlation coefficient of 0.543) indicate a strong preference for symmetrical flowers leading to a larger preference for symmetrical faces, and vice versa, emphasizing the interplay between floral and facial aesthetics. However, a considerable segment displayed a divergence, favoring flowers and faces lacking the golden ratio, illuminating diverse aesthetic choices. These findings highlight the profound impact of visual associations and humanity's innate attraction to the golden ratio, indicating an inherent inclination towards this geometric proportion.
How Nations Can Develop Climate Policies While Sustaining a Strong Economy
Authors: Munipalli Ayur
Published: August 2024

Nations are years behind where they must be to meet their climatic pledges and goals, primarily because they find that fighting climate change isn’t worth the economic challenges it entails. This paper outlines the impact of strengthening emissions reporting guidelines and economic decarbonization. It uses policies established by the governments of China and Japan to argue for methods of making economic decarbonization and emissions transparency more plausible.
Therapeutic Targeting of KRAS Oncogene in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Song Jeffrey
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy due to lack of early diagnosis, rapid progression, and limited response to treatment. It accounts for more than 90% of pancreatic cancer cases. It was discovered that about 85% of these patients harbor mutations in the Kirsten Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene. These findings position the KRAS gene as the primary target for PDAC inhibitor development. Furthermore, the KRAS gene can also be used as a hallmark for diagnosis and an indicator of the prognosis for PDAC. In this review, the recent advancements in understanding the molecular basis of PDAC, treatment strategies, as well as clinical trials in progress are thoroughly evaluated through a review of the literature and a comparison of clinical trial outcomes.
The Myth of the Inevitable: How the Mistakes of the Powerful Facilitated the Rise of Nazi Germany
Authors: Qian Chiman
Published: August 2024

When examining the lead-up to World War II, Adolf Hitler's invasion of Poland is often seen as the catalyst for the war. However, this oversimplification neglects the circumstances that led Hitler to such a position. This essay challenges the prevailing notion that Hitler and the Nazis attained power solely through unwavering determination and exceptional political acumen. Instead, it argues that mistakes and misinterpretations by German and international leaders played a crucial role in facilitating the Nazi Party's rise to power and the establishment of the Third Reich. The Weimar leadership's political and economic miscalculations, combined with their misunderstandings of Hitler and his party's intentions, created an environment ripe for Hitler's seizure of power in 1933. Additionally, the miscalculations and misreadings of influential nations like Great Britain, France, and the United States enabled the Nazi regime to solidify its power and pursue expansionist goals while missing crucial opportunities to halt its progress.
USING SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TO FIND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN MULTIWAVELENGTH DATASETS
Authors: Jain Rushabh , Rodriguez Antonio
Published: August 2024

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are unique astronomical sources that emit intense radiation over the entire electromagnetic (EM) spectrum from radio to gamma ray frequencies. They are estimated to be vastly under classified with only 0.1% of them predicted to have been discovered (Padovani). A major contributing factor to this is that in the past high-quality data was not available for sources across multiple wavelengths. It is often not possible to classify a body as an AGN looking at just one section of the EM spectrum due to the variance in emissions from different sources. This implies looking at just one wavelength will lead to under-coverage in all but one type of AGN. With the emergence of new telescopes and technologies, this paper has managed to collate multi-wavelength data on galactic and extragalactic sources from the XMM-Newton and Gaia, and eROSITA telescopes. Applying various supervised learning models, such as random forests and histogram-based boosting on these sources, has allowed us to classify the AGN in these surveys with a ~97% accuracy using only emission data i.e. without including redshifts. These findings indicate that applying similar models to data collected from these telescopes should help overcome the current under-coverage in AGN.
Per- and Polyfluorinated Compounds in Menstrual Products and its Relationship with Natural Labeling
Authors: Shvartsman Ava , Varnold Robert
Published: August 2024

Per- and Polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals,” gain their name from their persistence in both the environment and the human body. From pots to drinking water to period products/menstrual products, PFAS are found in seemingly every product both in and out of markets, yet PFAS in period products is of particular interest within this study due to its potential for harm. Due to the permeability of the vaginal mucosa and the misleading labeling of packaging, numerous people are being exposed to these compounds unknowingly, and thus their large range of potential side effects. Alongside the lack transparency within the composition of period products and the unknowing addition of PFAS through manufacturing and a lack of oversight, labels like “natural” and “non-toxic” lose their meaning. This study is performed to heighten awareness to this issue to potentially promote change in both transparency policy with “medical devices” and consumer/brand awareness of their products. This study attempts to show the lack of relationship between labeling and PFAS detection in menstrual products through an analysis of data from a Mamvation study alongside product listings on common consumer sites.  By showing the lack of relationship, this study helps initiate an important discussion that can be used to spur change within accepted systems (such as United States policy on labeling and a lack of transparency and knowledge of product production chains behind brand names.
Targeted Protein Degradation Technology: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Alexander , Reynolds Emily
Published: August 2024

PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology is an effective tool to induce targeted degradation of pathogenic protein and is a novel cancer therapy. It uses the endogenous ubiquitin‐protease system (UPS), attracting ubiquitin and covering the target protein in it, thus resulting in its complete degradation of the protein interest (POI). The potential advantages of PROTAC technology compensate for the shortcomings of traditional cancer therapy and allow them to target “undruggable” proteins, which promote its rapid development in recent years. The review focuses on the mechanisms of PROTACs, discusses application of PROTACs targeting different oncogenic proteins and analyzes the strategies for designing efficient PROTACs. Collectively, the review provides references for future application of PROTACs in cancer treatment.
Unraveling the Impacts of the 2012 Russian Adoption Ban on Childs Rights and Global Dynamics
Authors: Burke Grace , Allison Lora
Published: August 2024

This research paper investigates the complex relationship between international adoption and its impact as a result of global politics, law, ethics, and international relations. It specifically focuses on the Russian adoption ban implemented in 2012, enacted in response to geopolitical tensions and the Magnitsky Act in the United States. The ban disrupted the adoption processes and raised concerns about adherence to international child rights standards, notably violating Guiding Principle Three of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). This principle emphasizes prioritizing the "child's best interests" in all decision-making. This examination asserts that the Russian adoption ban severely encroaches on this principle, hindering the child's right to a stable and nurturing family environment. Moreover, the paper explores the ban's historical context, consequences, long-term implications, and recommendations within the UNCRC framework. This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the global adoption landscape's complexities, options, and ethical duties.
Mucosal Phenotype as A Multidisciplinary Approach: A Narrative Review
Authors: Malik Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The Gingival phenotype (GPh) or soft-tissue periodontal phenotype is critical for decision making during treatment planning and aesthetic outcomes in several fields of dentistry. The aim is to bring and summarize the crucial literature about GPh. Data: Data was collected according to: title of article, study design, and keywords. Method: Searching the Medline database (PubMed) and complementing by manual searches to better reaching the important primary and secondary type of studies. The result of search is reported by PRISMA flow-diagram. Conclusion: As one of the major risk factors of peri-implant inflammation is GPh; Careful diagnosis of GPh at the time of tooth replacement may prevent from developing mucogingival defects, or recession following periodontal and orthodontic treatment. Gingival phenotype has inter-individual and intra-individual variation; Thicker GPh is in molars rather than premolars and incisors, and in maxillary teeth rather than in mandibular and modifying GPh is becoming a trend through the use of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) or Injectable-Platelet Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) with microneedling as a minimally invasive therapy. Skeletal class (I and III) and labial inclined lower central incisors are strongly associated with thin GPh. BOP is increased in thin GPh while thicker GPh has more pocket depths. Thin GPh predicts a thin antral-mucosal thickness and vice versa. Clinical significance: Determination of GPh during routine examination is likely to be crucial to overcome unwanted outcomes after several interventions, as nowadays, the aesthetic outcome following any dental procedure is being a trend and critical for both clinicians and patients’ satisfaction.
Potential Application of Essential Oils in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: a Case Study of Essential oil from Hyptis Suaveolens (L.) Poit
Authors: Ayeye Mojisola Kunle Owokotomo
Published: August 2024

The main method for treating nerve-signaling disorders like Alzheimer’s disease has been chemical suppression of acetylcholinesterase. Limited treatment options have driven the research into extracts from indigenous plants. In this study, the chemical constituents, anti-cholinesterase, and radical scavenging potentials of the essential oil and the polar constituents (decoction water) of a Nigerian variety of the medicinal plant, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit, were investigated. Essential oil from the leaves of the medicinal plant was obtained through hydro-distillation, and the chemical composition was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Radical scavenging activity potential and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity were carried out using the colorimetric method. The GC-MS analysis revealed 24 chemical compounds, including β-Caryophyllene (15.31%), β-Phellandrene (9.73%), trans-α-Bergamotene (6.94%) and Fenchone (5.79%) as major components. The phytochemicals present in the polar constituent (the decoction water) of the leaves of H. suaveolens were alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. Bioactivity assessment revealed significant antioxidant activities in essential oil extracts with values ranging from (DPPH = 38.80 ± 0.04 to 69.33 ± 0.12 %, ABTS = 2.84 ± 0.01 to 11.26 ± 0.26 mg TEAC /g, FRAP = 10.89 ± 0.01 to 15.79 ± 0.33 mg AAE /g and NOx = 26.06 ± 0.03 to 71.87 ± 0.21 %). Higher acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition activity was recorded for the essential oil compared to the polar constituents with values ranging from 10.42 ± 0.12 to 46.50 ± 0.19 %. Findings from this study highlight the antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of extracts from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
French Language Pedagogies in Tanzania: A Critical Analysis of Methods and Approaches and Their Implications for Language Education.
Authors: Jambo Japhael Mgoma , Bwambayeko Monday Israel
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into the methodologies employed for teaching French in Tanzania. It begins by examining the existing research conducted by various scholars on French in Tanzania and its integration within the education system. Subsequently, the paper explores the coexistence of foreign languages within the educational system and the utilisation of languages within this framework. Finally, the author presents the critical analysis of approaches, methods, and techniques employed for teaching French, along with their implications for learners in Tanzanian institutions that offer French language education.
TRAUMAS NA INFÂNCIA E NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: IMPACTOS PROFUNDOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO AO LONGO DA VIDA - UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA SOBRE O TEPT NA PERSPECTIVA EPIGENÉTICA
Authors: Matos da Silva Jacob Leila , Matos Augusto Jacob Isabela
Published: August 2024

Este artigo aborda a importância crítica da infância e adolescência no desenvolvimento humano, destacando como esses períodos influenciam a maturação cerebral e o crescimento emocional. As transformações intensas nessa fase, tanto estruturais quanto funcionais do cérebro, são moldadas por interações complexas entre fatores genéticos e ambientais.É evidente que eventos traumáticos durante a infância, como maus-tratos, podem deixar marcas profundas no desenvolvimento neurológico e psicológico, aumentando o risco de transtornos mentais, incluindo o Transtorno do Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT). Esses traumas não só afetam o bem-estar emocional imediato, mas também podem alterar a expressão gênica por meio de mecanismos epigenéticos, como a metilação do DNA. A epigenética emergiu como um campo crucial para entender como experiências adversas na infância podem impactar a saúde ao longo da vida. Mudanças na metilação do DNA e outros processos epigenéticos têm sido associados a diferenças na regulação gênica relacionada ao estresse e à resposta emocional. Esses insights não apenas elucidam os mecanismos biológicos subjacentes aos transtornos psiquiátricos, mas também fornecem bases para estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas mais eficazes, visando mitigar os efeitos adversos de traumas na infância.Compreender essas interações entre experiências precoces, epigenética e saúde é essencial para desenvolver abordagens holísticas que promovam o bem-estar emocional e neurológico desde a infância até a idade adulta, destacando a necessidade de intervenções sensíveis ao contexto e ao estágio de desenvolvimento do indivíduo.
The Compatibility of Cement Bonded Fibreboard Through Dimensional Stability Analysis: A Review
Authors: Azmi Nurul Huda , Nik Soh Nik Mohd Zaini , Abu Bakar Hasniza
Published: August 2024

Natural fibre in cement matrix was used to reinforce, increase tensile strength, and protect against matrix cracking. The various properties of the matrix, which were introduced by the shrinkage and thermal stresses, can be attributed to the microcracks on the composites. The composites experienced significant negative changes due to the spread of microcracks. Changes in moisture have an impact on the dimensional stability of cement-bonded fibreboards. The increasing moisture content caused the expansion of cement-bonded fibreboard, whereas shrinkage was caused by the moisture being evaporated. Since natural fibres connect ineffectively with the cement matrix due to their hydrophilicity, fibre-cement composites are dimensionally unstable. Hot water treatments operate by clearing the fibre’s surface of volatile compounds, impurities, and waxy elements and facilitating water absorption. Numerous variables, including the mixing ratio, the targeted density, and the pre-treatment technique used on natural fibre, influence the dimensional stability of cement-bonded fibreboard. The compatibility of cement-bonded fibreboard increases with increasing cement/fibre mixing ratio, density of cement-bonded fibreboard, hot water treatment temperature and duration.
Mesh Optimisation for General 3D Printed Objects with Cusp-Height Triangulation Approach
Authors: Habash Qais Ahmed , Ali Sadek Noor , Hussein Ahmed Faeq , AlZubaidi Abbas
Published: August 2024

3D printing (3DP) is increasingly utilized to achieve quick turnaround on various geometric designs and prototypes, being the growing part of additive manufacturing technology (AMT). The 3DP technique effectively improves the production of complex models in terms of low-cost, time-consuming production, and with less material volume. The key to results optimisation with 3DP is the preparation of the geometry. The following techniques can effectively reduce the required time of the 3D printing process for complex and non-linear CAD files. The fused deposition modelling/fabrication (FDM/FFF) techniques become the first choice in many applications, including biomedical ones. Still, some obstacles exist in the geometry roughness and quality zones. This paper proposes an optimisation method for 3D printed shapes used in biomedical devices and instrumentation by minimising the support structure attached to the model using the FDM technique. In this research, we proposed a method for dynamic compensation against gravity-affected parts extended from the main object’s geometry using a forward planar learning (FPL) algorithm to minimise cusp height in 3D printed objects. After the slicing stage, the outcomes proved to be of good quality, optimised the object’s surfaces, and minimised the printing time by 32%–38%. The proposed method is promising in defining a better setting for slicing and toolpath for FDM 3D printing. However, this method was not tested on other 3DP methods (Stereolithography (SLA), Selective laser sintering (SLS), and Digital Light Processing (DLP)), as more verification efforts need to be done on these 3D printing processes.
The Riblet Short-Slot Coupler Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) for High-frequency Applications
Authors: Khalid Nurehansafwanah , Ibrahim Siti Zuraidah , A Karim Mohd Nazri , Fwen Hoon Wee , Dewani Aliya Ashraf , Masrakin Khuzairi , Azemi Saidatul Norlyana
Published: August 2024

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) involves the conductive via holes immersed in a dielectric substrate that connects two substrate plates. This article presents a new SIW technique to enhance the operational bandwidth of the Riblet Short-Slot coupler. To demonstrate the proposed SIW technique, two Riblet Short-Slot couplers are designed and investigated at two different high-frequency ranges, Ku-band and K-band. The bandwidth of the proposed couplers is improved by introducing multiple layers of SIW vias at the center of the couplers’ side wall. Applying this approach minimizes the leakage loss between vias, indicating an improved overall operating bandwidth of 36.31% and 26.32% for Ku-band and K-band, respectively. All vias in both prototypes are realized using an alternative method, without using the Plated-Through-Hole Printed-Circuit-Board (PTH-PCB) machine. In addition, experimental results agree well with the simulated results.
Evaluation of Foliar Application of Elusine indica Extract on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Osmoprotectant Contents in Maize under Drought Stress
Authors: Han Mingzhao , Kasim Susilawati , Yang Zhongming , Deng Xi , Abdullah Halimatul Sa’adiah , Mohd Shuib Effyanti , Uddin Md Kamal
Published: August 2024

To investigate the effects of foliar application of different concentrations of Elusine indica extract (EIE) on growth, photosynthesis, and osmoprotectant contents in maize under drought stress. The weed powder was extracted using methanol, followed by a solid-liquid extraction procedure. Plants were sprayed with three different concentrations of EIE at 1, 3, and 5 g/L and morphological parameters, chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC), soluble sugar, proline, protein, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined. The results showed that drought stress led to a decline in morphological characteristics, RWC and soluble sugar and increased proline, protein, GSH, and MDA contents. However, foliar application of EIE significantly improved plant height, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, RWC, soluble sugar, and GSH, while the proline level was diminished compared to drought treatment. Soluble sugar showed a significant positive correlation with fresh and dry weight (r = 0.742 and 0.783, p < 0.01) and a strong negative correlation with MDA (r = -0.459, p < 0.05). Therefore, this result indicated that EIE can be used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly biostimulant to help plants enhance tolerance to drought.
Metabolic and Biochemical Performances of Abaca (Musa textilis Née) under Intermediate and Advanced Phase Agroforestry System
Authors: Silmia Betha , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Suryanto Priyono , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila
Published: August 2024

Abaca, one of the potential fiber crops with high-quality fiber and promising economic value, is mainly established under the agroforestry system, for it is considered a non-primary crop. The study aims to observe the metabolic and biochemical performance as well as the fiber quality of abaca under the agroforestry system. The experimental design used in this study was nested with two types of agroforestry systems, i.e., intermediate phase (Fase Tengah, FT) and advanced phase (Fase Lanjutan, FL) and was conducted during the rainy season. Parameters observed in this study were divided into edaphic and climatic parameters, oxidative response parameters, foliage macro- and micronutrient, and fiber quality. Despite poor soil quality compared to FL, higher relative humidity (4.35%), lower temperature (2.73%), and lower shading intensity were observed in FT. Improved soil characteristics in FL, viz. soil water content (19.64%), organic carbon (72.89%), porosity (4.29%), cation exchange capacity (13.77%), and pH (35.13%), were unable to compensate plant stress induced by the high shading intensity at 83.99%. Consequently, it contributed to higher levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and phenol by 0.07%, 1.86%, 32.66%, 0.08%, 14.63%, and 35.08%, respectively, due to shading stress. Nevertheless, ascorbic acid content in FL was lower (18.90%) compared to FT. Higher fiber diameter (23.53%) and tensile strength (18.77%) of abaca in FT were observed compared to FL. The improved microclimatic conditions under FT promoted the high adaptability of abaca to poor soil quality. Therefore, it contributed to enhanced growth and fiber quality compared to FL. Pruning is pivotal to managing shading intensity.
Shoot Production and Metabolite Content of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Leaves with Different Rates of Goat Manure
Authors: Saleh Ismail , Arifin Aziz Sandra , Melati Maya , Andarwulan Nuri
Published: August 2024

Cosmos sulphureus Cav. is a plant species commonly cultivated for ornamental purposes, with its young leaves being consumed as vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of goat manure rates and different harvest criteria on shoot production as well as the metabolite of C. sulphureus. The experiment was conducted in Kuningan Regency, West Java, Indonesia, from October to November 2022, using a factorial randomized complete block design. Goat manure rates examined were 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N/ha, equivalent to 0, 6, 12, and 18 tons of goat manure/ha. Shoot harvest criteria were two and four top nodes, with each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that applying goat manure significantly increased the shoot production of C. sulphureus. The harvest criteria affected the shoot weight per plant, where the four-node harvest was 98.3% higher than the two-node. The metabolite content, such as crude fiber, phenolic, and antioxidant activity, was not significantly different between the upper and lower leaves. However, the lower leaves had a total flavonoid and sugar content of 38.9 and 12.6%, higher than the upper leaves.
The Relationship between Illness of Acceptance and Health Literacy with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Demiröz Hanife Efsane , Türten Kaymaz Tuğçe
Published: August 2024

Introduction: To adopt healthy lifestyles for managing chronic diseases and ensure self-management and control of illness, individuals must accept their illness and have good health literacy knowledge.
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the correlation between health literacy and illness acceptance in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Method: The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study in Türkiye between December 2019 and April 2020. The sample consisted of 406 participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes admitted to a public hospital. Data was collected with the Information Form, the Acceptance of Illness Scale, and the European Health Literacy Survey. Descriptive statistical methods, regression, and correlation tests were employed for analysis. Results: Participants had a mean the Acceptance of Illness Scale score of 26.21 ± 7.11. The participants had a mean the European Health Literacy Survey score of 92.25 ± 15.76. Health literacy, age, gender, people living together, smoking status, hospitalization, knowing about chronic complications, the presence of other chronic illnesses, foot care, and blood glucose monitoring were predictors of the acceptance of illness. A positive correlation was observed between the Acceptance of Illness Scale and the European Health Literacy Survey (r = 0.46; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Participants demonstrated high levels of both Health literacy and illness acceptance. The level of illness acceptance increased with the level of Health literacy. It is necessary to develop educational content and materials tailored to the needs and Health literacy levels of the patients to enhance their health literacy.
crônica no meio do caminho
Authors: Alves Ramos Maria Daniella , Cardoso Gleudson Passos
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os anos do governo Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1960) a partir da interseção entre escrita literária e consciência histórica das crônicas de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. A problemática principal é compreender por meio da crônica, tratada e analisada como fonte histórica, como uma representação dos retratos da sociedade urbana do Rio de Janeiro no final da década de 50. Utilizando como fundamentação teórica estudos do campo historiográfico da História Cultural, em que PESAVENTO (2007) e CERTEAU (1994) nos ajudam a compreender as sensibilidades e as práticas cotidianas nas crônicas de Drummond. A metodologia utilizada é a análise da narrativa (SHOLES e KELLOG, 1977), sendo parte integrante das reflexões que estão sendo desenvolvidas na pesquisa em andamento no mestrado.
Tradução de literatura queer brasileira
Authors: Borges Guilherme Pereira Rodrigues
Published: August 2024

Este artigo examina a tradução para o inglês de textos literários queer brasileiros, focando na antologia estadunidense Cuíer: Queer Brazil. O estudo parte da premissa de que a tradução é uma atividade complexa que envolve a negociação entre diferentes idiomas, culturas e ideologias, e que, portanto, não é um processo neutro, mas sim político e culturalmente carregado. O artigo analisa como a perspectiva queer pode questionar as práticas de tradução e como a tradução pode ajudar a aumentar a visibilidade de pessoas queer na literatura e na sociedade em geral. São analisados trechos do conto “Terça-feira gorda”, de Caio Fernando Abreu, e sua respectiva tradução para o inglês, “Fat Tuesday”, de Bruna Dantas Lobato, e evidencia-se, na tradução, o apagamento de alguns itens culturais brasileiros, bem como a reprodução de aspectos retratados das vivências queer. O artigo conclui que a tradução da literatura queer brasileira é uma atividade importante que pode contribuir para a construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva e diversa.
Challenges to Implement the Inclusive Education in Pakistan: A Case of Intellectually Disabled Children
Authors: Nisa Dr Aziz un , Sarwar Samiullah
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to explore the current education status of Intellectually Disabled Children and the challenges to inclusion of Intellectually Disabled Children in Pakistan. Using a quantitative research approach, data was gathered from the families of students having intellectual disabilities using mother’s reports about the interaction of normal sibling with intellectually disabled children in a school environment. The findings of the study reveal that the level of warmth is much higher in the inclusive education classes as compared to the Rivalries, Relative Status and Conflicts with intellectually disabled students. A higher level of empathy increases the sense of responsibility, tolerance, and encouragement. The research strongly recommends that the educationist and professionals must initiate the teachers’ awareness programs about disabilities. Government and media can assist in spreading awareness about relationship and interactions among students by establishing awareness programs that focuses on the implementation of the inclusive education systems in Pakistan.