bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GESTÃO JUDICIAL DA PANDEMIA COVID-19: o trabalho remoto como regra de funcionamento do Poder Judiciário
Authors: SOUSA LIMA ADRIANA , PEREIRA RAMOS NETO NEWTON
Published: December 2020

Qual a forma utilizada pelo Poder Judiciário para manutenção da prestação jurisdicional diante da pandemia da Covid-19? A presente pesquisa analisou a gestão do trabalho forense, pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), em face de uma crise sanitária mundial que pressupõe isolamento social como forma de evitar o contágio da Covid-19. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este ensaio pautou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com ênfase na análise dos atos normativos do CNJ. Os resultados evidenciaram o regime de trabalho remoto como resposta exitosa do Judiciário nacional diante da pandemia e que o teletrabalho avultou-se em importância nesse cenário.
O TRABALHO ANÁLOGO AO ESCRAVO NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA REGIONAL DO AÇAÍ: UMA ANÁLISE ACERCA DAS RELAÇÕES E DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO NA CADEIA DE VALOR
Authors: Soeiro Laís De Castro , Cavalcante Koury Suzy Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo propõe-se a discutir a existência de trabalho análogo à escravidão na cadeia produtiva regional do açaí, para tanto, utiliza-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e jurisprudencial. Os objetivos são apresentar o conceito de trabalho escravo; compreender como se organizam as relações e as condições de trabalho dos trabalhadores inseridos nessa cadeia de produção; analisar o caso dos trabalhadores resgatados em situação de trabalho análogo ao escravo na extração do açaí, na Ilha do Marajó, no Pará. Por fim, buscar-se-á discutir os avanços e os desafios no combate ao trabalho escravo na cadeia produtiva do açaí, na região Amazônica.
PRIVACIDADE E COVID-19: PROTEÇÃO DO CORPO ELETRÔNICO DA PESSOA, SOB A ÓTICA DE STEFANO RODOTÀ
Authors: MARTINS TIMBÓ COSTA ANTÔNIO CÉLIO
Published: December 2020

A COVID-19 tem afligido de forma brutal todo o mundo. Medidas sanitárias acabaram por atingir a incolumidade de dados sensíveis dos cidadãos. Questiona-se o papel reservado à privacidade das pessoas, especialmente quando dados sensíveis são utilizados para a formulação de políticas governamentais. O trabalho pretende demonstrar, seguindo a formulação teórica de Stefano Rodotà sobre a proteção do corpo eletrônico da pessoa, que a formulação de políticas públicas não deve atingir direitos fundamentais da pessoa. Por fim, o trabalho pretende demonstrar que o dilema “direito à saúde ou direito à privacidade” encerra uma visão limitada e autoritária sobre direitos fundamentais.
A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19 E A DOR DOS REFUGIADOS
Authors: De Azevedo Guedes João Bernardo Antunes
Published: December 2020

O deslocamento forçado é um dos maiores problemas da humanidade desde a 2ª Guerra Mundial e a situação agravou-se durante a Pandemia. Mesmo para quem possui um lar e a proteção do Estado a situação é duríssima, para os refugiados e migrantes forçados, o quadro é ainda mais árduo. Estudar-se-á neste trabalho, pelo método fenomenológico, a dor e a desumanização dos refugiados e migrantes em situação precária em tempos de COVID-19, tendo como base o alerta do Exmo. Sr. António Guterres (ONU) que declarou que esse grupo “vive três crises de uma só vez” e a legislação da matéria.
COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA DE LOS ACEITES ESENCIALES DE LAMIACEAS, ASTERACEAS, VERVENACEAS: UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Mena Palacios Cristina , Silva López Bolívar , Medina Andres
Published: December 2020

Desde tiempos muy remotos, las plantas y los aceites esenciales extraídos de ellas han cumplido un papel muy importante en el área terapéutica gracias a sus propiedades biológicas, como la acción larvicida, analgésica, antinflamatoria, antioxidante, fungicida entre otras. Se ha comprobado que los aceites esenciales exhiben actividad biológica, lo cual es extremadamente importante en el campo de la ciencia y la industria. Por esta razón en las últimas décadas ha ido tomando mayor importancia el estudio y desarrollo de técnicas analíticas que permitan la determinación e identificación de la composición química de los aceites esenciales ya que son una alternativa potencial a los compuestos sintéticos, debido a la resistencia que éstos han desarrollado frente a microorganismos patógenos. En este artículo se hace un análisis de la composición química de los aceites esenciales de algunas especies que pertenecen a las familias: Lamiaceas, Asteraceas y Vervenaceas y la relación con su actividad Biológica. Se concluye que la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales depende de su composición química y de la cantidad de los componentes individuales.
Revisión de la actividad antiviral in vitro de plantas sudamericanas como potencial tratamiento contra el virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pilaquinga Maria Fernanda
Published: December 2020

La alerta por la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, ha desatado una carrera contra el tiempo en la búsqueda de una posible cura. Algunos de los tratamientos antivirales empleados, son derivados de moléculas obtenidas de plantas. Varios países sudamericanos en donde el uso de terapias naturales, basadas en plantas ancestrales, podrían servir como fuente de estudio contra este virus específicamente. En la presente revisión se analizan varios trabajos de investigación, acerca de la actividad in vitro de plantas con potencial actividad antiviral. El análisis se divide en dos partes, en la primera se realiza un compendio de estudios sobre el uso de plantas euroasiáticas y americanas directamente sobre el virus predecesor SARS-CoV y el coronavirus murino (MHV), donde Paeonia suffruticosa alcanzó los mayores valores tanto de CC50 y EC50. En la segunda parte, se detallan estudios de actividad antiviral in vitro sobre diferentes virus en plantas clasificadas por países de Sudamérica. La familia Asteraceae presentó el mayor porcentaje de uso para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias con un 18 %. Se concluye que la biodiversidad de plantas sudamericanas debe ser aprovechada, por lo que se sugiere realizar un estudio directamente sobre el virus SARS-CoV-2.
USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, DEVYANIN SERGEY N. , MARKOV VLADIMIR A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, LEVSHIN ALEKSANDR G. , KOBOZEVA TAMARA P. , ALIPICHEV ALEKSEI YU.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using standard approved methods. It has been shown that in conditions of high latitudes (57°N), limited thermal resources of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (the sum of active temperatures of the growing season not exceeding 2000°С), the yield and productivity of soybeans depend on the variety and moisture supply. Over the years, the average yield of soybeans amounted to 1.94 … 2.62 t/ha, oil productivity – 388 … 544 kg/ha, oil content – 19…20%, the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in oil – 60%, and their output from seeds harvested – 300 kg/ha. It has been established that as soybean oil and diesel fuel have similar properties,they can be mixed by conventional methods in any proportions and form stable blends that can be stored for a long time. Experimental studies on the use of soybean oil for biodiesel production were carried out on a D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN11/12.5). The concentrations of toxic components (CO, CHx, and NOx) in the diesel exhaust gases were determined using the SAE-7532 gas analyzer. The smoke content of the exhaust gases was measured with an MK-3 Hartridge opacimeter. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of a diesel engine from diesel fuel to a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% lubrication oil leads to a change in the integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides in 0.81 times, carbon monoxide in 0.89 times and unburned hydrocarbons in 0.91 times, i.e. when biodiesel as used as a motor fuel in a serial diesel engine, emissions of all gaseous toxic components are reduced. The study has confi rmed the expediency of using soybeans of the Northern ecotype for biofuel production.
HEAT BALANCE OF COMBINED HEAT EXCHANGER USED IN AERODYNAMIC HEATING DRYERS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KUPREENKO ALEKSEI I. ,   Bryansk State Agrarian University, KOMOGORZEV VLADIMIR F. , ISAEV HAFIZ M. , ISAEV SAMIR KH
Published: December 2020

One of the promising methods of drying raw fruit and berry materials is the use of aerodynamic heating dryers that transform electric energy spent on a centrifugal fan drive into heat energy due to the mutual friction of air fl ows circulating in a closed chamber. To reduce the energy intensity of the drying process, the authors propose to utilize the heat of the used drying agent by equipping the dryer with a combined heat exchanger. To predict the thermotechnical characteristics of the combined heat exchanger depending on variable external factors, based on the heat balance equation, the authors determined the theoretical relationship between the drying agent temperature at the outlet of the combined heat exchanger and the dryer operating time. The presence of an air solar collector in the combined heat exchanger allowed increasing the temperature of the drying agent at the outlet by another 10°C without additional electric energy costs. A comparative analysis of the results of experimental and theoretical studies has shown their high convergence.
PROBLEM OF ENGINEERING STAFF AVAILABILITY IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, BERDYSHEV VIKTOR E. , SKOROKHODOVA NADEZDA V.
Published: December 2020

Ensuring food security and increasing exports of agricultural products requires high human resources engaged in agriculture.The heads of agricultural organizations, their deputies and chief specialists do not always meet the requirements for educational leveland possession of managerial competencies; this problem is also relevant for heads of engineering services. On average, in the systemof the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, only 66% of chief engineers, technologists and power engineers have higher education,although, according to the requirements of professional standards, these positions can be occupied not only by university graduates, but also by masters and specialists. In all districts of our country, a shortage of personnel has been revealed. Still its degree is insignifi cantif we compare the number of graduates of the master’s degree programs and vacant postitions in organizations. However, an analysisof the staff structure in term of the appropriate level of education shows that even in three years universities will not be able toprovide graduates to satisfy the labor needs of this market sector. Training of agricultural personnel is carried out in 54 universitiessubordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. The number of graduates in the main agricultural areas and specialties amountto more than 19 thousand people, but there are only about 1.5 thousand graduates of the specialist and master’s degree who havethe right to occupy managerial positions. In addition, according to the graduates themselves, they are not ready to occupy managerial positions. In the study process, about 3% of the curriculum provides for the development of managerial competencies. To formthese competencies in the classroom, it is necessary to use teaching technologies making the student participate actively: the projectmethod and contextual learning technology, “round table” discussions, conferences, etc. Based on the requirements of employers,it is necessary that a professional standard be developed to state the requirements for managerial positions in engineering services.This problem can be solved by implementing the professional standard “Management Expert at Farm-Related Enterprises”.
TRAINING ENGINEERING MSC STUDENTS FOR TEACHING AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KUBRUSHKO PETR F. , SIMAN ALEKSEI S. , SHINGAREVA MARINA V.
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the organization features of training engineering MSc students for teaching and research activity. The authors have analyzed the historical and pedagogical aspects of the origin and development of master’s degree programs in Russia as one of the most important resources for providing the higher education system with teaching staff . The modern requirements of society for training university teaching staff in changing conditions and increasing their professional mobility are revealed. Training nonpedagogical MSc students for teaching and research activity at a university involves a pedagogical component in the teaching content structure, as exemplifi ed by “Fundamentals of Pedagogical Activity” or “Methods of Vocational Training” courses and teaching practice programs. Research conducted by the authors at the the Goryachkin Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering at Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University for three years, showed a high demand for lecturers with a master’s degree in modern technical universities, as well as high motivation of Msc students for teaching and research activity. The study involved 109 MSc students in the areas of training “Agroengineering”, “Heat Power Engineering and Heat Engineering”, “Electric Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering”. All the participants were taking a course of “Fundamentals of Pedagogical Activity” and having teaching practice at the university. As a result of the research, the authors have off ered some ways to solve the problem of training teaching staff with a master’s degree for technical universities. They include conducting fundamental research on the methodological issues of master’s degree training, considering past experience and modern trends; developing theoretical and applied issues of the master’s degree training content structure in order to increase the eff ectiveness of training programs, including the pedagogical component; identifying and implementing eff ective forms, models, and adaptive programs in the university study process to train MSc students for teaching and research activities and ensure their further professional development.
Determining the Level of a Language Test with English Profile: A Forensic Linguistics Case Study
Authors: Gavaldà Núria , Queralt Sheila
Published: December 2020

This article deals with a forensic linguistics case study of the determination of the level of a B1 English multiple-choice test that was challenged in court by numerous candidates on the grounds that it was not of the appropriate level. A control corpus comprising 240 analogous multiple-choice questions from B1 exams aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) was compiled in order to establish a threshold for the percentage of questions of a level higher than that being tested which can be expected in such exams. The analysis was carried out following a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, with the help of the tool English Profile, which provides Reference Level Descriptions (RLDs) for the English language within the CEFR. The results of the analysis of the control corpus established a baseline of 5 to 7% of questions that include key items classified as higher than B1, while the percentage was 68% in the case of the disputedexam. Thus, the present study proposes a further application of the tool English Profile within the field of forensic linguistics and puts forward the concept of Level Appropriateness Threshold (LAT), analogous to other thresholds established in forensic linguistics, which can serve as a baseline for determining the appropriateness of B1 English multiple-choice exams and a model for other levels and skill areas.
The Representation of the Temporal Properties of Linguistic Utterances through a Mathematical Model
Authors: Teomiro Ismael , Pérez Cabello de Alba María Beatriz
Published: December 2020

In this article we use a mathematical model to encode the temporal properties of linguistic utterances across languages by means of mathematical objects—points, lines, segments, vectors and versors—and the relations established among them in a four-dimensional space. Such temporal properties are encoded through threedifferent systems: tense—past, present and future—which locates the utterance on a temporal line, aspect—perfectivity and progressivity—which sets the viewpoint of the speaker, and Aktionsart, which refers to the structural temporal properties of the utterance such as telicity—whether the event has an endpoint or not—dynamicity—whether a change is conveyed or not—and duration. This model aims to be language independent in order to allow for the codification of the temporal properties of utterances in any language, thus rendering it appropriate to be used as an interlingua in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. This wouldsignificantly improve the comprehension of natural language in search engines and automatic translation systems, to name two examples. Hence, our ultimate goal is for this model to achieve computational adequacy.
What Is the Transnational Turn in American Literary Studies? A Critical Overview
Authors: Durán Isabel
Published: December 2020

This article presents a critical overview of the state of the art of transnational American studies in the wake of the so-called transnational turn. After an introduction to key ideas and concepts surrounding transnationalism as applied to American studies and, more particularly, to literary studies—including comparative and international approaches to American literature—I interweave critical arguments with brief reviews of keypublications—monographs, edited collections and individual essays—produced in the US and abroad—particularly Spain—in the twenty-first century. My overview mainly focuses on general literary studies, but it also tackles particular areas such as gender, ethnicity, aesthetics and political transnationalism. My conclusion suggests that the transnational turn will continue to shape our scholarship in the decades to come.
“The Best Breeding Ground for the Higher School”: Organization of National Personnel Training in the Crimean ASSR in the 1920s: Documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Crimean Federal Univercity, Simferopol, Russian Federation, Nepomnyashchy Andrey A.
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the history of creation of the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the M.V. Frunze Crimea University. On the basis of previously unknown documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the author studies the organization of training of personnel for work in state structures of the Crimean autonomy for the first time in the national historiography. Documentary materials from the GARF fonds of the People's Commissariat of Nationalities (Narkomnats RSFSR), the agencies of Narkomnats in contractual and autonomous republics and their agency at the Narkomnats, and the General Department of Professional Education (Profobr) of the People's Commissariat for Education of RSFSR confirm that the ideas of creating a Scientific Oriental (Tatar) Center at the Taurida University were emerging ever since the opening days of the first Crimean university. The opening the Oriental Center within the Crimean University was made possible after the establishment of the Soviet power in 1922, thanks to energetic efforts of professors M. Gredinger and A. Derevitsky. The curricula and job description schedule of the faculty makes it possible to establish that there were two departments at the Faculty of Oriental Studies: linguistic (for training teachers of the Crimean Tatar and Persian languages) and administrative (for training of state administration officials for the institutions of the Crimean ASSR). The documents throw light on the role of M. Frunze in the faculty foundation: his letter addressed to the Commissar of Enlightenment A. Lunacharsky is cited, where he justified the necessity of opening an Oriental Center in the Crimea. M. V. Frunze persistently insisted on financing of the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the Crimean University. He also argued that the training of such specialists was an important component in state’s strategic goals. Despite all prerequisites for further productive work, the Center of Oriental Studies in the Crimea went nowhere.
The Testimony of the Russian Consul in Koenigsberg Zinovii M. Polyanovsky about His Stay in German Captivity (1914-15)
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogomolov Igor K.
Published: December 2020

The article brings into circulation the investigatory records of the “Extraordinary Commission for Inquiry into Violations of Laws and Customs of War by the Austro-Hungarian and German Forces” concerning German captivity of the former Russian consul in Koenigsberg Zinovii Mikhailovich Polyanovsky. With the outbreak of World War I, many Russian citizens who did not have time to leave Germany and Austria-Hungary were detained by local authorities on suspicion of espionage. Z. M. Polyanovsky, as a Russian diplomat, was their primary goal: he was detained on the very first day of the war. German authorities agreed to release Z. M. Polyanovsky only in exchange for their consul in Kovno, Baron G. M. von Lerchenfeld. Initially, the Russian General Staff strongly opposed letting go of a man who knew about the internal state of the Kovno fortress, but after losing Kovno agreed to do the exchange. Z. M. Polyanovsky returned to Petrograd in early October 1915, his arrival attracted the attention of the Petrograd press, and in December 1915 he was invited to the Extraordinary Investigation Commission to testify. The case of Z. M. Polyanovsky is noteworthy for several reasons. Firstly, it was quite rare for its time: most of the interned Russian tourists and diplomats were released by the end of 1914. The remaining ones were especially valuable prisoners, whom the Germans and Austrians agreed to release only with an equivalent exchange. Secondly, a rare example of documented evidence on the life of Russian subjects in Germany at the beginning of the war has been found: the bulk of such evidence was published in the press and in various propaganda brochures. Thirdly, bringing in and interrogation of Z. M. Polyanovsky demonstrates the mechanism of work of the Extraordinary Investigation Commission: obtaining information on the witness of war crimes from the press, searching for him with the help of the police, and inviting to interrogation. Finally, the investigatory records are one of the few documentary sources on the life of the diplomat Z. M. Polyanovsky after his return from the German captivity.
Materials of the Serpukhov Uezd Committee of the RCP(B) as a Source on the History of the Soviet Military Construction in 1918–19, on the “Stavka” Case on the “Conspiracy in the Field Staff” of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, and on the Reaction of the Bolshevik Leadership to the Explosion in Leontievsky Lane
Authors:   Central State Archive of the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation, Voytikov Sergey S.
Published: December 2020

The Central State Archive of the City of Moscow (TsGA of Moscow) holds documents that expand existing notions on the Soviet military construction of 1918-19, the formation of military intelligence and counterintelligence in Soviet Russia, and the “third wave” of mass Red terror in 1919. These documents are mostly found in the seemingly insignificant fond of the Serpukhov uezd committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Since in the autumn 1918 – summer 1919, the Field Staff of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic was located in Serpukhov and its military commissar, head of the registration department, and founder of the Soviet military intelligence, S. I. Aralov actively worked in the Serpukhov uezd committee, the committee protocols are of great importance for studying the formation of the Red Army and its special services. The documents on admission to the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and party registration of the Field Staff senior officials, brothers Alexei and Pavel Vasiliev contain new information on the personnel continuity in the Operational Department of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the RSFSR and the Field Staff. Protocols of the reports of the old Bolshevik A.A. Antonov at sessions of the Serpukhov uezd bodies of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) clarify the existing notions on the calamity of June 1919, which took place on the eve of the events associated with the arrest of the first Commander-in-Chief of all the armed forces of the Republic J. J. V?cietis and some of his employees in July 1919, the cleaning of the Field Staff initiated by the old Bolshevik, longtime associate of Lenin S.I. Gusev who replaced S.I. Aralov at his posts. There are also documents containing information on the Bolshevik leadership reaction to the events related to the explosion in the building of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on September 25, 1919, when 12 Bolsheviks were killed and 55 received wounds of varying severity. These materials complement and correct data from the documents stored in the federal archives, in particular, in the Russian State Military Archive, which keeps documents on the history of the Red Army in 1918-41. For instance, it turns out that it was decided to arrest the bourgeoisie and other “counter-revolutionaries” with their subsequent imprisonment in a concentration camp created specifically for this purpose in Serpukhov district.
N. E. Soum – the First Head of the Museum Department of the Institute of Out-of-School Education in Petrograd
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Ananiev Vitaly G.
Published: December 2020

The revolutions of 1917 prompted a large-scale reorganization of almost all aspects of life in Russia. An important actor in its implementation was intelligentsia. Studying the biographies of the participants in that processes is important for two reasons. Firstly, it allows us to fill the gaps in the history of certain phenomena (i.e., the history of museum education in Russia). Secondly, it’s important from the point of view of prosopography, as biographies help a better understanding of certain historical types. That is important in the context of the anthropological approach to the study of revolutionary events. The object of this article is the biography of one of the personalities of the first post-revolutionary years, Nikolai Emmanuilovich Soum (1879–1926). Studying chemistry at St. Petersburg University in the 1890s–1900s, Soum to a great extent followed the path laid by his father's professional activities. However, he didn’t succeed in accomplishing his studies, perhaps on the account of his father’s death and failed family finances. In the 1910s, when working as a chemist, he joined in the activities of scientific and educational societies. The enlightenment pathos and practical application of science (his interest in photography) prepared the changes, which took place immediately after the revolution. Since 1918 Soum served in the Petrograd gubernia department of public education, and from 1919 headed the Museum department of the Petrograd Institute of Out-of-School Education. One of his first projects was system of training of museum workers, one of the first in Russia. Structural changes and unfavorable political conditions hindered the implementation of the initiative. Soum, same as earlier in the pre-revolutionary period, was pushed to the periphery of cultural life.
THE ROLE OF FORMAL ACADEMICIAN IN PROMOTION OF MICRO-FINANCE
Authors: Malik ShahzadShabbir
Published: December 2020

Microfinance is no panacea for the alleviation of poverty in the world. The environment influences its development. Legal frameworks, monitors and supervisors, its institutions and last but not least its customers with all their commitment play a major role for the success. Due to informational asymmetries, traditional financial markets are limited or fail to include poor households. Microfinance is able to overcome these imperfections and was developed especially for poor people suffering from financial exclusion and often dependent on informal sources such as exploitative moneylenders. The different benefits, characteristics and products of microfinance will be highlighted hereafter. First a general country profile will be given with the most important economic features such as the development of GDP, economic structure, inflation and unemployment rates. The latter raises concerns, especially among young academics.
Engagement beyond a tour guide approach: Korean and US elementary school students' intercultural telecollaboration
Authors: Kim Soojin
Published: December 2020

This paper reports findings from a case study of intercultural telecollaboration between elementary school students in South Korea and the United States via the social networking service Classting. The goal was to provide an opportunity for Korean students with limited exposure to authentic English language communication to interact with native speakers of English and for the US students to experience online intercultural activity in class with the hope of promoting intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in both student groups. The study applies Byram’s (1997) model of ICC to analyze patterns of engagement within the communication between students. Findings indicate that although both student groups endeavored to create common ground in their intercultural encounters, there was a tendency to relate to each other by enacting a Tour Guide Approach towards their own culture and a Tourist Approach (Byram, 1997) towards the other culture. Findings also show, however, that students went beyond such approaches during “off task” interactional moments, drawing on shared small cultures to initiate more authentic interpersonal engagement and opportunities for knowledge exchange.
Ordu ilinde bulunan Rubus (Rosaceae) türlerinin trnL-F gen bölgeleri ile filogenetik ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: EKER Seçil , KOLÖREN Onur
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada; Karadeniz Bölgesi Ordu ilinde yaygın olan Rubus yabancı ot türlerinin filogenetik
farklılıkları trnL-F gen bölgeleri
kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ordu’nun farklı noktalarından 24 adet Rubus spp. örneği survey yapılmıştır. Örneklerden
DNA izole etme aşamasında protokol Haymes (1996) uyarlanarak kullanılmıştır. Örneklerimizin
trnL-F gen bölgesini belirlemek için,
GenBank’tan alınan referans diziler ile çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sekans
dizileri karşılaştırılmıştr. MEGA6 paket programı yardımıyla genetik uzaklıklar
hesaplanmış ve filogeni ağaçlarının çizimi yapılmıştır. Örneklerden 6 Haplotip
sonucu çıkmıştır. Bunlar; Haplotip 1 (F3, P1, P3, P4, U1, U2, O2, O3, O4, CM1),
Haplotip 2 (F5), Haplotip 3 (P2), Haplotip 4 (P5), Haplotip 5 (S1, CM2, CM3),
Haplotip 6 (O1, CT1, CT2, CT3) örnekleri sırasıyla R. sanctus (EF055343), R.
silvaticus (KM036881), R. divaricatus
(KM036924), R. conothyrsoides (KM036856),
R. capricollensis (KM036923) ve Rubus sp. (KT581217)  ile %100 nükleotid dizisi benzerliğiyle akraba
olarak görülmüştür.
Farklı meyve türleri ilaveli Kaşar Peynirlerinin renk değerleri ile tekstürel özelliklerinin olgunlaşmaya etkilerinin araştırılması
Authors: TARAKÇI Zekai , BAYRAM Uğur
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmada, biri kontrol örneği olmak kaydıyla altı tür kaşar peynir üretilmiştir. Kontrol grubu olarak hazırlanan kaşar peynir örneklerine meyve ilave edilmemiş olup, diğer beş peynir pıhtısında kullanılan süte göre % 3 olacak şekilde toz haline getirilmiş yaban mersini, kızılcık, siyah üzüm, karadut ve antepfıstığı ilave edilerek peynire işlenmiştir. Üretilen peynirler vakum paketlenerek 7±1°C’de 3 ay süre boyunca olgunlaştırılması izlenmiş, olgunlaşmanın 3., 30., 60. ve 90. günlerinde peynirlerden alınan örneklerle L, a ve b renk değerleri ile esneklik, sertlik, elastikiyet, sakızımsılık, iç yapışkanlık, dış yapışkanlık ve çiğnenebilirlik tekstürel analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak peynir çeşidi ve olgunlaşma süresi bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Tekstür profil analizinin dış yapışkanlık, esneklik, elastikiyet parametreleri değerlerinde peynir çeşitlerinde önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmemiştir (P>0.05). Fakat esneklik değerlerinde olgunlaşma zamanı yönünden önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (P
Bazı önemli dış mekan süs bitkilerine ait yeşil çeliklerin köklenme performansları
Authors: YILMAZ Güzella , YILDIZ Kenan
Published: December 2020

Erguvan (Cercis siliquastrum), manolya (Magnolia soulangeana), söğüt yapraklı ispir (Spiraea salicifolia), Japon ayvası (Chaenomeles japonica ), filbahri (Philadelphus coronarius saxifragaceae), leylak (Syringa vulgaris), oya ağacı (Lagerstroemia indica) ve gülhatmiden (Alcea rosea) alınan yeşil çeliklerin köklenme performansı üzerine IBA uygulamasının etkisi incelenmiştir. Erguvan çeliklerine 8000 diğer türlerden alınan çeliklere ise 2000 ppm IBA uygulaması yapılmıştır. Erguvan çelikleri hem kontrol hem de 8000 ppm IBA uygulamasında düşük oranda ( % 6 ve % 10) bir köklenme başarısı göstermiştir. Japon ayvasında da IBA uygulamasına rağmen düşük ( %33) oranından köklenme olmuştur. 2000 ppm IBA uygulaması ile manolyada % 100, söğüt yapraklı ispirde % 97.7, filbahride % 67.7, leylakta % 73.7, oya ağacından % 61 oranında köklenme elde edilmiştir. Gülhatmi çelikleri ise hem hormon uygulamasında hem de kontrol uygulamasından % 100 oranında köklenme başarısı gözlenmiştir. IBA uygulamaları manolya, Japon ayvası, filbahri, leylak ve oya ağacı çeliklerinde kök sayısından önemli artışlara neden olurken, gülhatmi çeliklerinde kök sayısını azaltmıştır
Şaraplık Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Tane ve Salkım Gelişiminin Zamana Bağlı Olarak Değişimi
Authors: YAĞCI Adem , BOZKURT Abdurrahim
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma 2017 ve 2018 yılları arasında Kavaklıdere Şarapları A.Ş’ye ait Kırşehir İlinin Toklumen bağlarında yapılmıştır. Çalışma yapılan bağlar 2006 ve 2011 yılları arasında kurulmuştur. Kalecik Karası, Öküzgözü ve Boğazkere çeşitlerinden tane ve salkım örnekleri alınarak fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Hasat esnasında yıllara göre SÇKM değeri sırasıyla Boğazkere çeşidinde % 20.4 – 21.1, Kalecik Karası çeşidinde % 24.3 – 23.7 ve Öküzgözü çeşidinde % 22.2 – 21.4; toplam asitlik miktarı Boğazkere çeşidinde 7.11-4.84 g/l, Kalecik Karası çeşidinde 6.08-7.60 g/l, Öküzgözü çeşidinde 5.55-5.70 g/l olarak belirlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında kabukta flavonoid içerikleri bakımından her iki yılda da en yüksek değerler Öküzgözü çeşidinde tespit edilmiştir (134-111 mg QUE/g). Üzüm tanelerinde bulunan fenolik bileşik, flavonoid ve antosiyanin değerleri çeşit ve yıl bazında farklılık göstermiştir.
Bolu koşullarında farklı kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.) çeşit ve popülasyonlarının verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: EMİRALİOĞLU Orkun , YALDIZ Gülsüm
Published: December 2020

In this study, research work has been carried out to find out the adaptability of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in terms of its seed yield and the essential oil content under the climate and ecological conditions of Bolu. In the current study, 28 different coriander cultivars and populations, which were obtained from different regions of Turkey, were used as experimental materials. The variation of the investigated traits among the coriander cultivars and populations were as follows, germination time ranged between (8-14 day), flowering time (27-30 day), maturation time (39-67 day), plant height (40,2-69 cm), branch amount per plant (3,6-9,6), thousand seed weight (5,14-16,8 g), seed yield (12,2-73,4 kg/da), harvest index (%6,3-60), biological yield (41,59-343,75 kg/da), fat oil ratio (%1,63-24,26), essential oil content (%0,3-1,3), esential oil component, linalool (%32-87,43), camphor (%0,13-7,6), ɣ-terpinene (%0,04-13,8), p-cymene (%0,1-15,77) and β-pinene (%0,09-5,38). As a result of the study, it has been detected that all researched coriander cultivars and populations are cultivable under the Bolu ecological conditions, however, there are major differences between observed genotypes characteristics. According to the results of this one-year study, the population of Erzurum K.T and the population of K.T Pop-2 can be suggested in terms of seed yield and essential oil ratio in the region.
Orman ve mera alanlarında oluşan toprakların sınıflandırılması: Kabadüz/Ordu
Authors: TÜRKMEN Ferhat , ŞENYURT Soner
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma Ordu ili Kabadüz İlçesi Turnalık Beldesinde orman ve mer’a arazilerinde yapılmıştır. Arazide 10 profil açılmış, morfolojik özellikler belirlenmiş ve bunlardan horizon esasına göre 50 adet bozulmuş toprak örneği alınmıştır. Daha sonra yapılan arazi, büro ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda toprakların taksonomik sınıflandırması yapılmış ve Entisol, Alfisol ve Mollisol olmak üzere 3 ordo belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca toprakların sorunları datespit edilerek bu sorunlara çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir.
Karayemişte Siyanür İçerikli Amigdalin ve Prunasin Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: DURSUN Sevda , İSLAM Ali
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada karayemişlerde siyanür içerikli amigdalin ve prunasin içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma materyali olarak Ordu’da yetiştirilen karayemiş bitkisinin yaprak, meyve ve tohumları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada her üç bitki organında amigdalin ve prunasin içerikleri incelenmiştir. Karayemiş yapraklarında vejetasyon dönemi içerisinde 7 dönemde, meyve eti ve tohumlarda ise iki dönemde amigdalin ve prunasin miktarı ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda yaprak örneklerinde ortalama amigdalin miktarı 0.277 g/kg, prunasin miktarı 3.304 g/kg olarak ölçülmüş, ortalama HCN miktarı ise 0.315 g/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Meyve örneklerinde 0.700 g/kg amigdalin ve 0.110 g/kg prunasin; tohum örneklerinden ortalama 94.35 g/kg amigdalin ve 0.68 g/kg prunasin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, en fazla amigdalin miktarının karayemiş tohum örneklerinde bulunduğu saptanmış ve yüksek HCN değeri içerdiği hesaplanmıştır.
Measuring IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 profiles in women seeking assisted reproduction; relationship to serum growth hormone levels (Study 3)
Authors: John L Yovich  , Syeda Zaidi  , Minh DK Nguyen  , Peter M Hinchliffe
Published: December 2020

Extending from our first two studies examining the IGF profile (IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and the ratio of IGFBP-3/ IGF-1) in women presenting for assisted reproductive technologies (ART), this study examines its relevance to the testing of human growth hormone (hGH) levels on the same blood sample. These were taken in the morning during the early follicular phase of the woman’s menstrual cycle and included 408 women who were ART-naïve, undertaking the tests as part of an assessment cycle prior to any ART treatment. The growth hormone levels were also tested on a further 945 women classified as ART-interval cases. It was shown that the vast majority of hGH levels (73%) were very low at <1.0 ng/mL and 22% are extremely low <0.1 ng/mL, close to the detection level of the chemiluminescent immunoassay (0.03 ng/mL). Only 12% of hGH levels were recorded in the range ≥3.0 ng/mL, levels which exclude adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD). Although IGF-1 levels are regarded as a screening test for AGHD, our studies showed no correlation between hGH levels and the entire range of IGF-1 levels, neither across IGFBP-3 levels, nor across IGF Ratios, albeit there was an apparent inverse trend for the latter. Across the entire age range, the hGH levels were not statistically different among neither the ART-naïve nor the ART-interval women. Furthermore, hGH levels were not different among the clinical parameters of stature or BMI; nor for ovarian reserve parameters AMH or AFC. It is concluded that serum hGH screening probably has very limited value as a screening test for potential AGHD.
Влияние препарата природной двуспиральной РНК при интраназальном введении на факторы неспецифической резистентности дыхательных путей
Authors: Сысоева Г. , Цыпленкова Е. , Гамалей С. , Батенева А. , Даниленко Е.
Published: December 2020

В экспериментах на мышах проведено исследование влияния препарата дрожжевой двуспиральной РНК (дсРНК) при интраназальном введении на синтез интерферонов тканями респираторного тракта и активность альвеолярных макрофагов. Показано, что препарат в дозе 15 мг/кг обладает интерферон-индуцирующими свойствами, которые проявляются в повышении уровня интерферона альфа в ткани носоглотки и легких через 5 часов после 1 – 2-кратного введения, а также способностью модулировать фагоцитарную активность альвеолярных макрофагов. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о стимуляции под действием дсРНК факторов неспецифической резистентности дыхательных путей, играющих важную роль в формировании противовирусной защитной реакции.
The effect of product innovation on the export performance of Kosovo SMEs
Authors: Jusufi Gezim , Ukaj Fatos , Ajdarpašić Suada
Published: December 2020

The aim of the paper is to provide a
better understanding of factors influencing product innovations that are
important to SMEs’ exporting activities. A probit model is used to analyse the
innovation pattern in 100 Kosovo manufacturing and
exporting SMEs. They export to the EU and
regional countries’ markets. Our data shows that there is a link between the
type of product innovation and the increase in exports. Incremental innovation shows a strong positive
relationship with export growth of these SMEs , a
result should
prove helpful
to both researchers of SME product
innovation and managers of exporting SMEs. This study addresses the current gap
that is present in the Western Balkan literature by evaluating the impact of
product innovation on SMEs export performance.
Toward a model of relationship between the overall and the destination attributes satisfaction
Authors: Najev Čačija Ljiljana , Mikulić Davorka , Dragnić Daša
Published: December 2020

This study presents a preliminary research towards a conceptual model of relationship between the overall and the destination attributes satisfaction. Precisely, the paper explores and classifies destination pull factors as a precondition to design a conceptual model. Therefore, the first step was to categorise destination attributes into meaningful groups of pull factors that provide greater efficiency in achieving and maintaining a desired perception of destination quality, measured by tourists’ satisfaction. The exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the sample of 289 tourists visiting the town of Split (Croatia). The required prior statistical preconditions were successfully met and the principal component analysis was conducted on 20 items with Varimax rotation method. Based on the results, four pull factors were retained in the final analysis, explaining 54.760% of the variance. In the final categorisation, factor loading was above 0.4 for all four extracted factors, with reliability of measurement scales. Major findings of this study confirm that destination attributes can be grouped in a meaningful way regarding tourist satisfaction and indicate that the extracted pull factors, representing both common and unique destination attributes, have the potential to be generally applicable. The extracted factors are the primary or fundamental offer components; additional/expanded offer components; tertiary or tendency/affinity/preference offer components and specific offer components. Recommendations for further research are given, in order to explore to what extent the tourists’ overall satisfaction is related to their satisfaction with destination attributes, and to expand the model with the impact of other moderating elements.
Estrategias metodológicas para acceder a la diversidad biocultural en huertos del periurbano platense (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Castello Ana Paula , Hurrell Julio A. , Pochettino María L.
Published: December 2020

El estudio de los huertos es un tema relevante en etnobotánica, tanto por ser expresión de un conocimiento botánico local, como por la significativa diversidad biocultural que preservan. Esta es resultado de la experiencia vital de las y los horticultores y a menudo permanece oculta al emplear estrategias metodológicas cualitativas habituales en la disciplina. En esta contribución se utiliza por primera vez la aproximación biográfica en el cinturón hortícola platense (Buenos Aires, Argentina), espacio pluricultural y diverso en sus modos productivos, a fin de evaluar su potencial para conocer la diversidad biocultural de la zona. Al comparar los resultados con los obtenidos por técnicas sincrónicas de observación y entrevista, se identificó un número similar de taxones, con una ampliación del número total de plantas reconocidas y utilizadas en el área. Se observó que la experiencia previa adquirida en otras regiones habilitó el uso de ciertas plantas, no habitual en el área. Se discuten las ventajas y desventajas de la aproximación biográfica y el aporte de este tipo de estudios en proyectos de desarrollo local. Se concluye que la integración de metodologías sincrónicas con los estudios biográficos resulta en un abordaje integral y complejo de la diversidad biocultural que no podría alcanzarse por una única vía metodológica.
Primer relevamiento de la riqueza algal de una laguna de montaña del Noroeste Argentino
Authors: Taboada María de los Ángeles , Miranda María J. , Gavriloff Igor J. C.
Published: December 2020

El Noroeste de Argentina presenta una amplia variedad de sistemas de aguas continentales incluidas lagunas irregulares y con dimensiones variables muchas de las cuales se han formado por deslizamientos de laderas. Las lagunas de altura son escasas, de distribución heterogénea y constituyen ecosistemas frágiles, vulnerables a la intervención humana y a efectos naturales. Estos ecosistemas leníticos, son inestables y de vida corta, por lo que su estudio es de relevancia para diversos fines. Debido a la pérdida acelerada de hábitats y extinciones de la biota, en los últimos años hubo un importante interés en revalorizar y estudiar la biodiversidad. En este contexto mundial y dado que existen escasos trabajos en la zona de estudio, se realizó un análisis de la riqueza y composición del fitoplancton en la laguna del Siambón, ubicada en las Yungas del Noroeste Argentino. Se determinaron 39 especies: 2 algas verdes, 5 algas verdes-azules (cianobacterias) y 32 diatomeas. Se presentan dos nuevas citas de diatomeas para la provincia de Tucumán (Nitzschia inconspicua y Stauroneis anceps). Esta primera contribución ficológica en este sistema servirá como línea de base para futuros estudios limnológicos, ficológicos y paleoambientales. Asimismo, constituye un aporte para incrementar el conocimiento de la diversidad biológica en lagunas de altura.
Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae), primeras evidencias de su naturalización en Argentina
Authors: Fabbroni Mariela , Casas Marty Ariel F. , Keller Héctor A.
Published: December 2020

Sobre la base de observaciones efectuadas y muestras recolectadas en el noroeste argentino, se documenta por primera vez para el país, la presencia de una especie adventicia, Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) originaria de África y SO Asiático, naturalizada en diversas partes del mundo y con gran potencial invasivo. La especie es descripta, ilustrada mediante fotografías y se brinda información sobre las poblaciones halladas.