bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contextual effects, awareness, and voting behaviour: Does knowing about local politics increase contextual influence?
Authors: Mancosu Moreno
Published: February 2018

Context is usually employed to explain voting behaviour, but the way in which it affects people remains obscure. Previous studies have stressed that awareness of the context might indirectly account for political environments’ influence. People aware of their context are expected to be more affected by the relative prevalence of party supporters in their place of residence compared with unaware citizens. By employing stacked logistic regression models (and using Italian National Election Studies data), it is shown that people aware of parties’ settlement in their municipalities are more likely to vote consistently with their surrounding political context.
Trashion treasure: A longitudinal view of the allure and re-functioning of discarded objects
Authors: Shaw Wendy S
Published: February 2018

As the saying goes, one person’s trash is another’s treasure. Analyses of current reuse movements focus generally on a politics of uncoupling from capitalist consumption traps and commodity fetishism. The perspective presented here considers other motivations by tracing desires for specific kinds of objects, from the past. I consider current reuse debates from a subcultural perspective, of inner-urban living in the late 1970s and 1980s. With the assistance of autoethnography, I delve into this urban subculture, known for its reliance on Do-It-Yourself. This included practices of Do-It-Yourself housing, furnishings, clothing and music, and the reliance on the reuse of preowned materials which, in turn, were often also discarded as part of this transient way of living. I therefore highlight the practice of disposable fast-fashion enabled through reuse. This included the display of ‘tasteless’ object d’art. With my personal history as a backdrop, I highlight the complexity of reuse politics that sometimes reaches beyond anti-consumerist imperatives. Specific reference is made to now highly collectable objects such as ‘Aboriginalia’ and other pieces emblazoned with caricatures of ‘noble savages’. The current collectability of these now rare objects, points to a subtle and often hidden politics of racialised nostalgia.
Chinese adult children’s perceived parents’ satisfaction with adult children’s marriage, in-law relationship quality, and adult children’s marital satisfaction
Authors: Cao Hongjian , Fine Mark , Fang Xiaoyi , Zhou Nan
Published: February 2018

Based on three annual waves of data obtained from 265 Chinese couples during the early years of marriage and using an actor–partner interdependence mediation model with latent difference scores, this study examined the associations among adult children’s perceived parents’ satisfaction with their (i.e., adult children’s) marriage, in-law relationship quality, and adult children’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that husbands’ and wives’ perceived parental satisfaction with their (i.e., adult children’s) marriage was indirectly associated with the changes in their (i.e., adult children’s) marital satisfaction via their (i.e., adult children’s) perceived relationship quality with either fathers-in-law (FILs) or mothers-in-law (MILs); however, when husbands’ and wives’ perceived relationship quality with FILs and MILs was considered simultaneously in a single model, only two indirect pathways were still retained: Husbands’ and wives’ perceived parents’ satisfaction (HPS and WPS) with adult children’s marriage was associated with the changes in wives’ marital satisfaction exclusively via wives’ perceived relationship quality with their MILs. Such findings suggest the particularly salient roles of the relationship between daughters-in-law and MILs in shaping Chinese adult children’s marital well-being and also highlight the importance of conceptualizing families as configurations of interdependent relationships across multiple households and examining marital well-being from ecological and social network perspectives.
Weaning adult patients with cardiogenic shock on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by pump-controlled retrograde trial off
Authors: Ling Lowell , Chan Kai Man
Published: February 2018

Background:

There is a lack of consensus on the timing of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) liberation. VA-ECMO weaning usually consists of serial decrements until an idling flow is achieved, supported by echocardiographic and haemodynamic assessments. Even with minimal idling flow, right ventricular (RV) preload is reduced and, hence, right heart function is not fully tested under adequate loading conditions. Following the use of a novel technique called Pump Controlled Retrograde Trial Off (PCRTO) in neonate VA-ECMO weaning, we report the use of this technique in seven adult patients on VA-ECMO.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all adult VA-ECMO patients treated at a tertiary teaching hospital in Hong Kong since 2010. Clinical data, including diagnosis, echocardiography findings, ECMO configuration, PCRTO settings, survival after veno-arterial ECMO (SAVE) score and outcomes, were collected. Mortality and death due to cardiac failure was compared between PCRTO and conventional weaning.

Results:

Seven patients underwent PCRTO, with a mean SAVE score of -4.4 ± 5.9. All seven patients were successfully decannulated without haemodynamic deterioration. In all cases, no clots or fibrin deposits were found in the circuit after the trial. There was no difference in mean SAVE scores among the seven patients in PCRTO and the 23 patients in the conventional group (-3.6, 95% CI -8.8 to 1.5). The number of deaths due to cardiac failure in the PCRTO group and the conventional group were 0 and 3, respectively (0% vs. 13%, p=0.99). Mortality after decannulation for PCRTO was 42.9% vs. conventional weaning 34.8% (p=0.99).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that PCRTO is a simple, safe and reversible alternative weaning method. It may have a particular role in the assessment of patients who have marginal recovery and right heart failure. Prospective controlled studies are needed to establish the potential role of PCRTO in the liberation of patients from VA-ECMO support.
Is This Kid a Likely Experimenter or a Likely Persister? An Analysis of Individual-Level and Family-Level Risk Factors Predicting Multiple Offending Among a Group of Adjudicated Youth
Authors: Buker Hasan , Erbay Ayhan
Published: February 2018

To implement effective diversion programs and determine for a well-suited intervention strategy, ascertaining who, among the adjudicated youth, is more likely to involve in multiple offending, rather than desisting after an initial delinquent behavior, is of great significance. The overall objective of this study, therefore, is to contribute to the existing knowledge on assessing the risks for multiple offending during juvenile adjudication processes. In this regard, this study examined the predicting powers of several individual-level and family-level risk factors on multiple offending during adolescence, based on a data set derived from court-ordered social examination reports (SERs) on 400 adjudicated youth in Turkey. Two binomial regression models were implemented to test the predictor values of various risk factors from these two domains. Results indicated the following as significant predictors of multiple offending among the subjects: younger age of onset in delinquency, dropping out of school, having delinquent/drug abusing (risky) friends, being not able to share problems with the family, increased number of siblings, and having a domestically migrated family. Conclusively, these findings were compared with the existing literature, and the policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.
The role of the brainstem in migraine: Potential brainstem effects of CGRP and CGRP receptor activation in animal models
Authors: Holland Philip Robert , Saengjaroentham Chonlawan , Vila-Pueyo Marta
Published: February 2018

Background

Migraine is a severe debilitating disorder of the brain that is ranked as the sixth most disabling disorder globally, with respect to disability adjusted life years, and there remains a significant unmet demand for an improved understanding of its underlying mechanisms. In conjunction with perturbed sensory processing, migraine sufferers often present with diverse neurological manifestations (premonitory symptoms) that highlight potential brainstem involvement. Thus, as the field moves away from the view of migraine as a consequence of purely vasodilation to a greater understanding of migraine as a complex brain disorder, it is critical to consider the underlying physiology and pharmacology of key neural networks likely involved.

Discussion

The current review will therefore focus on the available evidence for the brainstem as a key regulator of migraine biology and associated symptoms. We will further discuss the potential role of CGRP in the brainstem and its modulation for migraine therapy, given the emergence of targeted CGRP small molecule and monoclonal antibody therapies.

Conclusion

The brainstem forms a functional unit with several hypothalamic nuclei that are capable of modulating diverse functions including migraine-relevant trigeminal pain processing, appetite and arousal regulatory networks. As such, the brainstem has emerged as a key regulator of migraine and is appropriately considered as a potential therapeutic target. While currently available CGRP targeted therapies have limited blood brain barrier penetrability, the expression of CGRP and its receptors in several key brainstem nuclei and the demonstration of brainstem effects of CGRP modulation highlight the significant potential for the development of CNS penetrant molecules.
Prospective memory is dysfunctional in migraine without aura
Authors: Santangelo Gabriella , Russo Antonio , Tessitore Alessandro , Garramone Federica , Silvestro Marcello , Della Mura Maria Rosaria , Marcuccio Laura , Fornaro Ilaria , Trojano Luigi , Tedeschi Gioacchino
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Prospective memory is the ability to carry out a delayed intended action, so to maintain and retrieve future plans, goals and activities. Deficits of prospective memory negatively impact on patients and caregivers’ everyday living and determine poor adherence to treatment. Since frontal regions are involved in both event- and time-based prospective memory tasks and are impaired in migraine without aura, defects of prospective memory might occur in migraine without aura patients; until now this issue has not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to explore time- versus event-based prospective memory in migraine without aura.

Patients and methods

Ninty-one consecutive migraine without aura patients and 84 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. They underwent a standardized measure of prospective memory evaluating both time-based and event-based prospective memory, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment assessing global cognitive status. Moreover, all participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a self-administered version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale, to assess severity of depressive symptoms and apathy, respectively.

Results

Migraine without aura and healthy subjects did not differ on demographic aspects (i.e. age, education and gender). However, individuals with migraine without aura demonstrated impaired prospective memory performance compared to healthy subjects, with a greater impairment demonstrated for the time-based tasks. Within the migraine without aura group, no significant association was found between prospective memory performance and clinical scores, apathy, and depression.

Conclusions

Individuals with migraine without aura experience particular difficulty executing a future intention; therefore, migraine without aura is associated with dysfunction of prospective memory.
Geographic Clustering of Admissions to Inpatient Psychiatry among Adults with Cognitive Disorders in Ontario, Canada: Does Distance to Hospital Matter?
Authors: Perlman Christopher M. , Law Jane , Luan Hui , Rios Sebastian , Seitz Dallas , Stolee Paul
Published: February 2018

Objective:

This study examined relationships among hospital accessibility, socio-economic context, and geographic clustering of inpatient psychiatry admissions for adults with cognitive disorders in Ontario, Canada.

Method:

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using admissions data from 71 hospitals with inpatient psychiatry beds in Ontario, Canada between 2011 and 2014. Data included 7,637 unique admissions for 4,550 adults with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic and other Cognitive Disorders. Bayesian spatial Poisson regression was employed to examine the relationship between accessibility of general hospitals with psychiatric beds and psychiatric hospitals, area-level marginalization, and hospitalization rate with the risk of admission to inpatient psychiatry among adults with cognitive disorders across 516 Forward Sortation Areas (FSA) in Ontario.

Results:

Residential instability and the overall hospitalization rate were significantly associated with an increase in the relative risk of admissions to inpatient psychiatry. Accessibility to general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals were marginally insignificant at the 95% credible interval in the final model. Significant geographic clustering of admissions was identified where individuals residing in FSA's with the highest relative risk were 2.0 to 7.1 times more likely to be admitted to inpatient psychiatry compared to the average.

Conclusions:

Geographic clustering of inpatient psychiatry admissions for adults with cognitive disorders exists across the Province of Ontario, Canada. At the geographic level, the risk of admission was positively associated with residential instability and the overall hospitalization rate, but not distance to the closest general or psychiatric hospital.
Social Capital in Transition(s) to Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal and Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Neves Barbara Barbosa , Dias de Carvalho Diana , Serra Fernando , Torres Anália , Fraga Silvia
Published: February 2018

Social capital captures the value of relationships. Although research has examined social capital among adults, comparatively little attention has been paid to social capital among young adults—particularly from a longitudinal and mixed-methods perspective. As social capital predicts educational achievement, employment, and psychosocial well-being, it is an important construct to study alongside youth transition(s). Following a Bourdieusian approach, we define social capital as the resources potentially available in our ties that can be mobilized when necessary. To examine social capital in transition to adulthood, we draw on survey ( n = 1,650, at ages 17 and 21) and interview ( n = 70, at age 24) data from a cohort of Portuguese youth. We study the two main dimensions of social capital: bonding and bridging. Survey data were analyzed with latent class modeling, logistic regressions, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and interviews with thematic analysis. Findings show that respondents reported receiving more emotional support than financial support from their networks, but that both types of support increased over time. Perceived bonding and bridging also changed positively in transition to adulthood. In addition, gender and parental education predicted bonding and bridging. We contextualize these results with qualitative meanings and experiences of social capital.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gobatto André L. N. , Besen Bruno A. M. P. , Cestari Mino , Pelosi Paolo , Malbouisson Luiz M. S.
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) is a common and increasingly used procedure in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is usually performed with bronchoscopy guidance. Ultrasound has emerged as a useful tool in order to assist PDT, potentially improving its success rate and reducing procedural-related complications.

Objective:

To investigate whether the ultrasound-guided PDT is equivalent or superior to the bronchoscopy-guided or anatomical landmarks–guided PDT with regard to procedural-related and clinical complications.

Methods:

A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted comparing an ultrasound-guided PDT to the control groups (either a bronchoscopy-guided PDT or an anatomical landmark–guided PDT) in patients undergoing a PDT in the ICU. The primary outcome was the incidence of major procedural-related and clinical complication rates. The secondary outcome was the incidence of minor complication rates. Random-effect meta-analyzes were used to pool the results.

Results:

Four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and they were analyzed. The studies included 588 participants. There were no differences in the major complication rates between the patients who were assigned to the ultrasound-guided PDT when compared to the control groups (pooled risk ratio [RR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-1.71, I2 = 0%). The minor complication rates were not different between the groups, but they had a high heterogeneity (pooled RR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.16-1.50; I2 = 85%). The sensitivity analyzes that only included the randomized controlled trials that used a landmark-guided PDT as the control group showed lower rates of minor complications in the ultrasound-guided PDT group (pooled RR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31-0.98, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion:

The ultrasound-guided PDT seems to be safe and it is comparable to the bronchoscopy-guided PDT regarding the major and minor procedural-related or clinical complications. It also seems to reduce the minor complications when compared to the anatomical landmark–guided PDT.
Films based on soy protein-agar blends for wound dressing: Effect of different biopolymer proportions on the drug release rate and the physical and antibacterial properties of the films
Authors: Rivadeneira Josefina , Audisio MC , Gorustovich Alejandro
Published: February 2018

No single material can provide all requirements for wound dressings. Here, we evaluated the influence of different soy protein isolate and agar proportions (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) in blend films on some of their physical-chemical and antibacterial properties to elucidate their potential as wound dressings. The films were synthesized by the gel casting method and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was incorporated into the films. Films were characterized based on their surface morphology, water uptake ability, and weight loss profile. Also, the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride release kinetics was quantified spectrophotometrically. The antibacterial effect was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The soy protein isolate-agar ratio affected the water uptake of the films and the release profile of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride but not the weight loss profile. The amount of drug released decreased near 80% because of the decrease in agar content in the films. The release kinetics of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride data best fitted to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, suggesting that the mechanism of drug release was mainly of the diffusion type. All ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-releasing soy protein isolate-agar films strongly inhibited the cell viability of the bacterial strains studied. We concluded that water uptake and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride release can be controlled by changing the soy protein isolate-agar proportion. The proportions did not lead to changes in the antibacterial strength of the films.
Suitability of a PLCL fibrous scaffold for soft tissue engineering applications: A combined biological and mechanical characterisation
Authors: Laurent Cédric P , Vaquette Cédryck , Liu Xing , Schmitt Jean-François , Rahouadj Rachid
Published: February 2018

Poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) has been reported to be a good candidate for tissue engineering because of its good biocompatibility. Particularly, a braided PLCL scaffold (PLL/PCL ratio = 85/15) has been recently designed and partially validated for ligament tissue engineering. In the present study, we assessed the in vivo biocompatibility of acellular and cellularised scaffolds in a rat model. We then determined its in vitro biocompatibility using stem cells issued from both bone marrow and Wharton Jelly. From a biological point of view, the scaffold was shown to be suitable for tissue engineering in all these cases. Secondly, while the initial mechanical properties of this scaffold have been previously reported to be adapted to load-bearing applications, we studied the evolution in time of the mechanical properties of PLCL fibres due to hydrolytic degradation. Results for isolated PLCL fibres were extrapolated to the fibrous scaffold using a previously developed numerical model. It was shown that no accumulation of plastic strain was to be expected for a load-bearing application such as anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering. However, PLCL fibres exhibited a non-expected brittle behaviour after two months. This may involve a potential risk of premature failure of the scaffold, unless tissue growth compensates this change in mechanical properties. This combined study emphasises the need to characterise the properties of biomaterials in a pluridisciplinary approach, since biological and mechanical characterisations led in this case to different conclusions concerning the suitability of this scaffold for load-bearing applications.
Polyvictimization and Girls’ Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System: Investigating Gender-Differentiated Patterns of Risk, Recidivism, and Resilience
Authors: Kerig Patricia K.
Published: February 2018

A recent dramatic rise in girls’ arrests has increased our need to examine whether our models of youth justice system involvement need to be differentiated by gender. Polyvictimization, in particular, has been implicated as a powerful predictor of youth problem behavior. However, recent research suggests that polyvictimization is associated with youth involvement in the justice system in ways that differ for girls at the levels of the independent variables (i.e., the sources of risk), the dependent variables (i.e., youth outcomes), and the mediators of these associations (i.e., the purported mechanisms that account for these relations). The present critique describes growth points in the current research with the goal of suggesting promising directions for future investigations. In particular, gaps are noted regarding our understanding of the specific forms of polyvictimization that affect traumatized girls’ development, especially given the highly disproportionate prevalence of sexual abuse among justice-involved girls. In addition, increased attention is needed to gender differences in the timing of victimization and the onset of risky behavior, as well as the nature of trauma-linked youth offenses and recidivism, which research also suggests may differ for boys and girls. Furthermore, a new body of research on psychophysiological reactivity promises to shed light on gender differences in trauma response, resilience, and risk. Finally, the importance acknowledging the intersection of polyvictimization, gender, and race is noted. The article ends with a discussion of the ways in which understanding gender differences and similarities can inform gender-responsive approaches to prevention and intervention efforts.
Poly-Victimization and Peer Harassment Involvement in a Technological World
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Segura Anna , Jones Lisa M. , Turner Heather A.
Published: February 2018

This article explores the ways poly-victimized youth (those experiencing multiple different types of victimization over the course of 1 year) use technology to interact with peers. Particular attention is given to the peer harassment victimization and perpetration experiences of poly-victimized youth compared with less victimized and non-victimized youth—both overall and through technology. Data were collected as part of the Technology Harassment Victimization (THV) study; a national survey of 791 youth, ages 10 to 20 across the United States. Study results document the heightened risks that poly-victimized youth experience when interacting with peers. Low and high poly-victimized youth were both at significantly greater risk of being dual victims and perpetrators of peer harassment when compared with non-victimized youth even after taking into account other potentially explanatory factors. This was not found to be the case for less victimized youth. This was true for high poly-victims and technology-involved harassment risk as well. There were indications that poly-victimized youth were interacting with peers in more intense and risky ways in general using new technology. The increase in attention to poly-victimization in recent years has importantly identified the detrimental role that experiencing different forms of victimization have on youth. This study not only adds to that literature but suggests that there is an opportunity to interrupt additional victimization by understanding how poly-victimized youth interact with peers before and during adolescence. Although preliminary, the differences in technology use by poly-victimized youth versus others suggest that more information is needed to understand how they are relating to peers in both positive and risky ways in this environment.
Effect of Aerogel Incorporation in PCM-Containing Thermal Liner of Firefighting Garment
Authors: Shaid Abu , Wang Lijing , Fergusson Stanley M. , Padhye Rajiv
Published: February 2018

Phase change material (PCM) in firefighting garment enhances protection and comfort. Wearing a protective clothing containing PCM, while fighting the fire, is a direct risk to the wearer as most PCMs used are flammable. This article reports a solution by using aerogel. Thermal liner fabric was treated with PCM and/or aerogel and then their thermal properties were analyzed. It has been found that the mean ignition time of PCM-containing thermal liner is around 3.3 s in current case while this value significantly increased to 5.5 s when the combination of aerogel and PCM was used. Moreover, the weight of the liner fabric with aerogel decreased in comparison to PCM-containing liner. Aerogel also slowed down the spreading of flame in PCM-containing fabric. Aerogel–coated liner showed superior heat resistance and the combination of aerogel with PCM increased the thermal resistance of PCM-containing liner.
Educator Preparation for Developing Culturally and Linguistically Responsive MTSS in Rural Community Elementary Schools
Authors: Hoover John J. , Soltero-González Lucinda
Published: February 2018

Special educators assume an essential leadership role in school-wide multilayered instructional systems for teaching culturally and linguistically diverse learners with and without disabilities, including learners at risk of being inappropriately referred for special education. Research findings from a model demonstration project are presented informing research to practice in the (a) development of partnerships, (b) delivery of effective professional development, and (c) framing of cultural and linguistic responsive teaching to improve instruction for English learners (ELs) in Grades K-3 in elementary schools in a rural community. Content, skill sets, and tools to include in educator training for general and special educators who teach English language and other diverse learners are recommended based on project findings.
Thermal buckling of embedded sandwich piezoelectric nanoplates with functionally graded core by a nonlocal second-order shear deformation theory
Authors: Karami Behrouz , Shahsavari Davood , Li Li , Karami Moein , Janghorban Maziar
Published: February 2018

The effective elastic-piezoelectric properties of nanostructures have been shown to be strongly size-dependent. In this paper, a nonlocal second-order shear deformation formulation is presented to study the size-dependent thermal buckling of embedded sandwich piezoelectric nanoplates with functionally graded core. Temperature is considered as uniform and nonlinear distributions across plate’s thickness direction. Based on the developed nonlocal second-order shear deformation theory, the size-dependent equations of motion are derived. The nonlocal thermal buckling responses of simply supported nanoplates are solved via Navier method. The reliability of present approach is verified by comparing the existing results provided in the open literature. The influences of nonlocal parameter, gradient index, electric voltage, and Winkler–Pasternak parameters on the thermal buckling characteristics of functionally graded nanoplates are examined.
A discrete simulation-based algorithm for the technological investigation of 2.5D milling operations
Authors: Jacso Adam , Szalay Tibor , Jauregui Juan Carlos , Resendiz Juvenal Rodriguez
Published: February 2018

Many applications are available for the syntactic and semantic verification of NC milling tool paths in simulation environments. However, these solutions – similar to the conventional tool path generation methods – are generally based on geometric considerations, and for that reason they cannot address varying cutting conditions. This paper introduces a new application of a simulation algorithm that is capable of producing all the necessary geometric information about the machining process in question for the purpose of further technological analysis. For performing such an analysis, an image space-based NC simulation algorithm is recommended, since in the case of complex tool paths it is impossible to provide an analytical description of the process of material removal. The information obtained from the simulation can be used not only for simple analyses, but also for optimisation purposes with a view to increasing machining efficiency.
Control of chaos in vehicle lateral motion using the sliding mode variable structure control
Authors: Chen Wuwei , Zhang Rongyun , Zhao Linfeng , Wang Hongbo , Wei Zhenya
Published: February 2018

A 3-degree of freedom (DOF) nonlinear model including yaw, lateral, and roll motions was constructed, and a numerical simulation of chaotic behavior was performed using the Lyapunov exponent method. The vehicle motion is complex, manifesting double-periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic phases, which negatively affects the vehicle lateral stability. To control this chaotic behavior, a controller was designed based on the sliding mode variable structure control (SM-VSC) method. To decrease chattering and further improve lateral stability of the vehicle under extreme operating conditions, the adaptive power reaching law was realized by using a fuzzy control method. The performance of the SM-VSC system was simulated by using Matlab/simulink. The simulation results including the uncontrol, SM-VSC control, and adaptive-reaching SM-VSC control were compared, which demonstrated that the adaptive-reaching SM-VSC control method is more effective in suppressing the chaotic phase of the vehicle lateral motion. The approach proposed in this paper can significantly improve a vehicle’s lateral stability under extreme operating conditions.
Design of experiment in analyzing uncertainty of simulation results in accident reconstruction
Authors: Zou Tiefang , Li Hua , Wu Hequan , Hu Lin , Cai Ming
Published: February 2018

In order to obtain a more accurate interval of an accident reconstruction result, two modified experiment design methods were proposed. The first is based on the orthogonal design (OD) and it is named as the orthogonal-based design (OBD), while the other is based on the uniform design (UD) and it is named as the multi-response surface-uniform design (MUD). Furthermore, some conclusions are given according to seven numerical cases: results obtained from the Latin hypercube sampling design (LHS) are the worst, while those obtained from the UD are the last but one, and all are worse than the results obtained from the OBD and the MUD. Furthermore, some conclusions about the number of simulation runs of each design of experiment (DOE) can be given: if the second order response surface model is selected, the number of simulation runs of the LHS is the same as the UD, and all are lesser than the number of simulation runs of the OBD and the MUD in most cases. As for the OBD and the MUD, the number of simulation runs of the OBD is lesser than the number of simulation runs of the MUD, but the MUD can be applied more widely than the OBD. Finally, a true vehicle-pedestrian accident case is given, Pc-Crash was used to reconstruct the accident based on all traces provided by the police, and the interval of the impact velocity of the vehicle was calculated using the OBD, results showed that the research is meaningful in practice.
Polluted Morality: Air Pollution Predicts Criminal Activity and Unethical Behavior
Authors: Lu Jackson G. , Lee Julia J. , Gino Francesca , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: February 2018

Air pollution is a serious problem that affects billions of people globally. Although the environmental and health costs of air pollution are well known, the present research investigates its ethical costs. We propose that air pollution can increase criminal and unethical behavior by increasing anxiety. Analyses of a 9-year panel of 9,360 U.S. cities found that air pollution predicted six major categories of crime; these analyses accounted for a comprehensive set of control variables (e.g., city and year fixed effects, population, law enforcement) and survived various robustness checks (e.g., balanced panel, nonparametric bootstrapped standard errors). Three subsequent experiments involving American and Indian participants established the causal effect of psychologically experiencing a polluted (vs. clean) environment on unethical behavior. Consistent with our theoretical perspective, results revealed that anxiety mediated this effect. Air pollution not only corrupts people’s health, but also can contaminate their morality.
Toward a Psychology of Moral Expansiveness
Authors: Crimston Charlie R. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Bain Paul G. , Bastian Brock
Published: February 2018

Theorists have long noted that people’s moral circles have expanded over the course of history, with modern people extending moral concern to entities—both human and nonhuman—that our ancestors would never have considered including within their moral boundaries. In recent decades, researchers have sought a comprehensive understanding of the psychology of moral expansiveness. We first review the history of conceptual and methodological approaches in understanding our moral boundaries, with a particular focus on the recently developed Moral Expansiveness Scale. We then explore individual differences in moral expansiveness, attributes of entities that predict their inclusion in moral circles, and cognitive and motivational factors that help explain what we include within our moral boundaries and why they may shrink or expand. Throughout, we highlight the consequences of these psychological effects for real-world ethical decision making.
Impact of Store and Product Attributes on Purchase Intentions: An Analytical Study of Apparel Shoppers in Indian Organized Retail Stores
Authors: Hasan Arif
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

Store positioning of domestic organized apparel retail stores has become a concern to retailers in view of FDI in retail, entrance of new giant retailers and growing competition among retailers. Therefore, this study makes an attempt to identify the predictors of intention to purchase (ITP). Besides this, the study aims to examine and identify the current positions of select stores and causal relationships among store attributes (SAs), product attributes (PAs) and ITP.

Research Design:

Mixed method approach and exploratory cum descriptive research design is adopted. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 600 shoppers; they were approached after completion of their shopping from the select stores. Statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, perceptual mapping and structural equation modelling were employed using MS Excel, SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 versions. Further, reliability and validity tests were also performed.

Findings:

The findings of the study indicate that on the whole, SAs as well as PAs had a positive effect on ITP. The findings are discussed in light of what retailers can do to enhance the intention of shoppers to purchase.

Originality/Value:

It will provide practical implications to organized apparel retailers for the betterment of the shoppers and growth of stores.
Financial Distress and Stock Market Failures: Lessons from Indian Realty Sector
Authors: Saji T.G.
Published: February 2018

Investors prefer to be safe at market places. Hence, assessing potential financial distress and predicting stock failures are much crucial for their investment decisions. This article highlights the analytic values of financial ratios and discusses the uses of Altman Z-score model in assessing the financial distress and predicting stock market performance of Indian realty sector. The panel regression procedure administered on the 10-year firm-specific data for the period of 2006–2015 demonstrates how the performance dimensions embedded into the distress prediction score forecast the future stock price behaviour. The findings of the study suggest that the analytic value inherent in Altman Z-score model has utility in both distress classifications and stock market predictions in Indian context. To be precise, the current Z-scores of realty firms carry sufficient information content that forewarns their stock market failures 2–5 years in advance. The results may provide a valuable guide to the investors of Indian realty firms in analysing financial failures and thereby can substantiate their investment decisions.
Inconsistent Condom Use Among Male University Students in Northern Thailand
Authors: Pinyaphong Jakkrite , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai , Chariyalertsak Suwat , Phornphibul Pikul , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Musumari Patou Masika
Published: February 2018

University students are at increased risk of HIV infection, but little is known about the determinants of inconsistent condom use among them. The study aims to assess the association of sociodemographic, individual, dyadic, and social factors with inconsistent condom use among male university students. Of 1091 participants, 67.0% had sexual intercourse, though 64.4% had inconsistent condom use. It was found that “did not use a condom at first sexual intercourse” (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.1; CI, 3.7-10.1), “history of STIs” (AOR, 2.1; CI, 1.0-4.2), low “self-efficacy” (AOR, 2.4; CI, 1.3-4.7), “perception that condom use reduces pleasure” (AOR, 1.4; CI, 1.0-2.1), and “high subjective norm” (AOR, 1.9; CI, 1.3-2.8) were associated with increased odds of inconsistent condom use. Condom use should be promoted from the onset of sexual activity to establish a habit of safe sex practices and for improvement in self-efficacy of condom use. Emphasis must be laid on pleasure-enhancing benefits of condom use and changing social norms.
A retrospective study of the neuropathology and diagnosis of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Rissi Daniel R.
Published: February 2018

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important viral diseases of cats worldwide. Our study describes the neuropathology and the diagnostic features of 26 cases of FIP in domestic cats. The average age of affected individuals was 11.8 mo, and there was no sex or breed predisposition. Clinical neurologic signs were noted in 22 cases, and rabies was clinically suspected in 11 cases. Twenty cats had lesions in multiple organs, and 6 cats had lesions only in the brain. Gross neuropathologic changes occurred in 15 cases and consisted of hydrocephalus (10 cases), cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum (6 cases), cerebral swelling with flattening of gyri (2 cases), and accumulation of fibrin within ventricles (2 cases) or leptomeninges (1 case). Histologically, 3 main distinct distributions of neuropathologic changes were observed, namely periventricular encephalitis (12 cases), rhombencephalitis (8 cases), and diffuse leptomeningitis with superficial encephalitis (6 cases). Fresh tissue samples were submitted for fluorescent antibody testing (FAT) after autopsy in 17 cases, and positive results were found in only 7 cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for feline coronavirus confirmed the diagnosis in all 26 cases. IHC appears to be a more sensitive and reliable test for confirmation of FIP than is FAT.
Piezoelectrically induced snap-through buckling in a buckled beam bonded with a segmented actuator
Authors: Aimmanee Sontipee , Tichakorn Kasarn
Published: February 2018

In this article, a mathematical model is developed to analyze piezoelectrically induced deformations of bistable smart beams with various geometric configurations and boundary conditions. The model delineates a straight beam bonded with a segmented piezoelectric material. Three types of support conditions are considered, namely, simple, clamped–clamped, and clamped–pinned supports. The beam is buckled into two possible stable curved shapes by means of edge shortening compression. A sudden change in transverse deflection from one to the other stable shape, so-called snap-through action, can be stimulated by electrical activation given to the piezoelectric material. The minimum potential energy principle associated with the modified Ritz method is used to predict developing shapes of the smart beam and the snap-through voltage. Principal minors of bordered Hessian matrix are calculated to determine the stability of the shapes obtained. Experiments were also conducted to corroborate the computational results in the case of the simply-supported smart beam. Comparisons between the two approaches reveal very good agreements in both mid-span displacements of buckled shapes and snap-through voltages. Finally, size and location of the segmented piezoelectric actuator are varied to search for the minimum critical electrical field for each support condition.
Variance in State Protection from Exposure to NORM and TENORM Wastes Generated During Unconventional Oil and Gas Operations: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go
Authors: Ann Glass Geltman Elizabeth , LeClair Nichole
Published: February 2018

Radioactive materials for the medical, technological, and industrial sectors have been effectively regulated in the United States since as early as 1962. The steady increase in the exploration and production of shale gas in recent years has led to concerns about exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in oil and gas waste streams. This study applied policy surveillance methods to conduct a cross-sectional fifty-state survey of law and regulations of NORM and TENORM waste from oil and gas operations. Results indicated that seventeen states drafted express regulations to reduce exposure to oil and gas NORM and TENORM waste. States with active oil and gas drilling that lack regulations controlling exposure to NORM and TENORM may leave the public and workers susceptible to adverse health effects from radiation. The study concludes with recommendations in regard to regulating oil and gas NORM and TENORM waste.
The Experience of Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Using MS INFoRm: An Interactive Fatigue Management Resource
Authors: Pétrin Julie , Akbar Nadine , Turpin Karen , Smyth Penelope , Finlayson Marcia
Published: February 2018

We aimed to understand participants’ experiences with a self-guided fatigue management resource, Multiple Sclerosis: An Interactive Fatigue Management Resource ( MS INFoRm), and the extent to which they found its contents relevant and useful to their daily lives. We recruited 35 persons with MS experiencing mild to moderate fatigue, provided them with MS INFoRm, and then conducted semistructured interviews 3 weeks and 3 months after they received the resource. Interpretive description guided the analysis process. Findings indicate that participants’ experience of using MS INFoRm could be understood as a process of change, influenced by their initial reactions to the resource. They reported experiencing a shift in knowledge, expectations, and behaviors with respect to fatigue self-management. These shifts led to multiple positive outcomes, including increased levels of self-confidence and improved quality of life. These findings suggest that MS INFoRm may have a place in the continuum of fatigue management interventions for people with MS.
Empirically Derived Subclasses of Academic Skill Among Children at Risk for Behavior Problems and Association With Distal Academic Outcomes
Authors: King Kathleen R. , Gonzales Christine Rivera , Reinke Wendy M.
Published: February 2018

Students with early indicators of behavior risk have predictable, negative outcomes, and those with co-existing academic problems have significantly more negative outcomes. Identifying academic subclasses of students with behavior risk can inform integrated interventions and school-based problem-solving teams. In addition, identifying academic strengths among a population of children typically only differentiated by severity of maladaptive behaviors may offer insight into academic resiliency. Using a sample of 676 elementary school students identified as behaviorally at risk, latent class analysis of reading and math indicators was conducted. Results indicated a three-class structure was the best fit for these data, with Class 1 (25%) having the least academic risk, Class 2 (37%) as below average reading and math, and Class 3 (38%) with significant academic deficits. Class membership was found to significantly predict end of year statewide assessment performance. While those behaviorally at-risk students with co-occurring academic deficits were very likely to fail the end of year assessments (Class 3; 88%–99% failure rates), those with stronger academic skills (Class 1) were increasingly more likely to pass (47%–56% pass rates). Practical implications, including intervention selection, and future directions are discussed.
Shifting Agendas: Private Consultants and Public Planning Policy
Authors: Linovski Orly
Published: February 2018

Despite concerns about the privatization of urban planning practices, there is little known about the professional actors involved in this restructuring. Private-sector consultants, though beholden to the same professional standards as public-sector employees, face competing pressures of an entrepreneurial fee-for-service business model. This article examines the role of planning consultants in shaping public policy agendas, by analyzing the redevelopment of Downsview Park in Toronto, Ontario. Drawing from interview and archival data, I find that private-sector planning consultants had influence in prioritizing policy agendas by propagating the need for sped-up processes and allowing landowners to “pay for priority.” The fluidity of professionals between firms, sectors, and projects reinforced the perceived value and neutrality of consultant expertise. These strategies worked to erode the differences between public- and private-sector planning processes, resulting in a high degree of influence for development interests.
Adverse events associated with aprepitant pediatric bone cancer patients
Authors: Okumura Lucas M , da Silva Ries Sacha A , Meneses Clarice F , Michalowski Mariana B , Ferreira Maria Angelica P , Moreira Leila B
Published: February 2018

An eight-year long case series follow-up study with pediatric bone cancer patients was conducted to compare the occurrence of adverse events associated with aprepitant with official sources of drug information (manufacturer’s leaflet, clinical trials, and European Medicines Agency leaflet). All patients admitted were analyzed, representing 192 aprepitant cycles. Anorexia, febrile neutropenia, and headache were observed in frequencies over 43.8 per 100 patients, which was higher than previous estimates. Adverse events were classified as probable or possible, by using Naranjo score. The increased rates of adverse events, especially on the risk febrile neutropenia, warrant further safety studies on this population.