bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ТА СТРУКТУРИ АКТИВІВ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Шушкова Юлія , Шутко Аміна , Баськова Юлія
Published: February 2022

В статті наведено економічну сутність терміну «активи», виділено основну класифікацію активів, що дає можливість оцінити характер участі усіх засобів у господарському обороті. Визначено особливості управління оборотними та необоротними активами підприємств України в умовах зовнішніх загроз, таких як спад виробництва, посилення фінансової нестабільності, пандемії коронавірусу, військових дій на сході країни тощо. Визначено основні завдання аналізу активів підприємства. Здійснено структурно-динамічний аналіз активів підприємств України за 2015-2019 роки. Доведено, що розмір, склад та структура активів підприємства зумовлює обсяг його виробництва та рівень ефективності цього виробництва. Проаналізовано динаміку темпу зростання оборотних та необоротних активів підприємств України за 2015-2019 роки. У дослідженні розглянуто показники обсягу оборотних та необоротних активів з розподілом на великі, середні, малі та мікропідприємства за 2019 рік. Оцінено галузеву структуру активів підприємств України. Встановлено тенденції зміни обсягів оборотних та необоротних активів усіх галузей економіки України у 2018-2019 роках. Проаналізовано ефективність використання оборотних та необоротних активів за коефіцієнтами постійності та мобільності, а також визначено тенденції зміни співвідношення оборотних і необоротних активів підприємств України. Відзначено, що в сучасних умовах коефіцієнт співвідношення оборотних та необоротних активів зростає і це є позитивним явищем, оскільки підприємства України можуть швидко погашати свою заборгованість. Отримані результати дослідження можуть знайти впровадження у діяльність підприємств різних форм власності в частині здійснення заходів формування, розпорядження та управління активами.
VECTORS OF EU CAP REFORMS FOR THE PERIOD 2021–2027
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Shіbaeva Natalia , Kviatko Tatiana ,   State Biotechnological University
Published: February 2022

The article identifies the impact of agricultural policy on the development of state regulation of the economies of European Union member states (EU). The main reason was the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the EU member states. Some of the key reforms carried out within the framework of the integration association were analyzed. It was found that the reform of CAP is due to the need to address market price uncertainty, respond to expanding access to the EU market by free trade agreements, use digital technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CAP tools, accelerate their practical application, increase attention to environmental issues, environment, and climate change. The paper also presents the main economic and social goals of the CAP, which are included in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It was found that the institutional component of the CAP reform is reflected in the introduction of proposals to the legislative framework of the CAP for the period 2021–2027. The proposals of the European Commission have been formulated into nine key objectives, which are discussed in this paper. Also analyzed are some of the tools, requirements for their use, and indicators for measuring progress toward the nine specific CAP objectives that the European Commission has proposed to member states to achieve. The 2014–2020 EU CAP budget is reviewed and compared to the proposed 2021–2027 budget (at constant 2018 prices). Based on the analysis of tasks, selected instruments for the implementation of the Common Agrarian Policy for the period 2021–2027, their consistency with the strategic goals is determined, which is ensured by the adoption of nine tasks for this stage, specifying strategic goals and reflecting responses to current challenges. The reduction in funding (functional component) is compensated by the strengthening of institutional capacity through the introduction of a strategic planning tool, a shift in focus from performance requirements, and the introduction of a system of indicators of progress in achieving goals for compliance with the main legislative procedures of the democratic process in EU member states.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Tanklevs’ka Nataliya , Yarmolenko Vitalina ,   Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University
Published: February 2022

Today, industry is one of the most vulnerable sectors of Ukraine’s economy. Some industrial enterprises are inefficient because the existing fixed assets are obsolete and their own funds are insufficient for their renewal also little attention is paid to capital management. The article examines the essence of the concept of capital and its management. It is proposed to define capital as a certain resource (money, labor, etc.), which is aimed at carrying out the activities of the enterprise to obtain a profit of the enterprise. The scheme was developed, which reflects the main objectives of capital management of an industrial enterprise, in particular: minimizing possible financial risks at the planned level of return on capital and effective financial control; rational use of the generated capital of an industrial enterprise; ensuring sufficient capital; timely reinvestment of capital and ensuring its turnover; creating a favorable financial climate for maximum profit and others. The process of capital structure management in terms of equity and loan capital management is analyzed. The tasks facing the management of equity and borrowed capital are disclosed. It is determined that any industrial enterprise has two functional subsystems: management of capital formation and management of capital use. It is noted that the effective formation and accumulation of capital value is ensured by several factors: the current assets of the enterprise and the amount of value added formed as a result of asset turnover. The dynamics of the number of industrial enterprises and the value of their current assets were analyzed, revealing that since 2016 the number of industrial enterprises decreased significantly compared to 2015 and in 2017 was unchanged, but in 2020 significantly increased compared to 2015 increased by 0.35%. Current assets of industrial enterprises increased by almost 84% in 2020 compared to 2015. The basic principles of capital management, which contribute to the formation of the environment to achieve the main goal of capital management to effectively optimize the operation of the enterprise.
FINTECH COMPANIES: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF INFLUENCE ON THE UKRAINIAN FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ilchuk Pavlo , Kots Olha ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kolosovska Iryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the research of Fintech companies in Ukraine. Financial innovations created through the successful implementation of start-ups and the Fintech companies’ activities allow us to see ordinary things in a new way. Without the use of information technology in the financial sector, successful economic development is impossible in today’s conditions of total digitalization, because the implementation of innovations will ensure Ukrainian financial market development. Theoretical aspects of financial market development involving Fintech companies were studied and priority niches for the functioning of Ukrainian Fintech companies were defined. In terms of attracting investors and consumers, the most popular today are Fintech companies that offer innovative payment solutions. The Ukrainian Fintech market was analyzed separately from the point of view of the companies operating on it and peculiarities of Fintech companies’ activity were highlighted. To compare priority directions for Fintech companies, we conducted an analysis of the top 10 Fintech companies in Ukraine and in the world. Financial services are a priority for leading Fintech companies both in Ukraine and in the world. Today, banks occupy the largest share of the financial sector, offering their customers a wide range of financial services. To maintain their position in the financial market, banks are actively implementing financial innovations in their activities and using the services of Fintech companies. Neobanks are the most successful to date. In Ukraine, as well as in Europe, the course of digitalization is clearly traced. The article highlights the main directions of innovative development of the financial market of Ukraine in accordance with the “Strategy of development of the financial sector of Ukraine until 2025”, and also factors that influence the development and growth of Fintech companies in the financial market of Ukraine. The coherence of the strategy for the Ukrainian financial sector development and the strategy for the EU development testifies to the European integration tendencies of development of both Ukraine in general and its financial sector in particular. It is noted that financial innovations and successful development of Fintech companies are the basic directions for the Ukrainian financial sector development.
¿Compromiso o desafección política? El impacto del desalineamiento partidista y la movilización cognitiva sobre las actitudes políticas de los mexicanos en la campaña presidencial de 2018
Authors: Díaz Jiménez Oniel Francisco
Published: February 2022

Se analizaron los patrones de compromiso y desafección políticos entre cuatro grupos relevantes de ciudadanos a partir de sus niveles de partidismo y de movilización cognitiva. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas entre grupos, con aquellos con mayor grado de movilización cognitiva (partidistas cognitivos y apartidistas) exhibiendo niveles superiores de eficacia política interna, así como menor apatía política cuando se les compara con los grupos con bajos valores en esta variable (partidistas rituales y apolíticos).
Proyecto de acuerdo por el cual se crea política pública para el empleo de agua reciclada en los vehículos del cuerpo de bomberos del municipio de Pereira
Authors: Aldana Chala María Alejandra , Torres Olarte Laura Sofía , Guevara Cardona Jairo Mauricio , Jiménez Bedoya Santiago , Osorio Vargas Stefany , Serna Alzate Margarita María
Published: February 2022

En este documento, se presenta el proyecto por el cual se crea la política pública para el empleo de agua reciclada en los vehículos del cuerpo de bomberos del municipio de Pereira. Este plan tiene la intención de buscar solución a la problemática que tiene la ciudad frente al uso del recurso hídrico, puesto que se evidencian la escasez en la temporada de sequía, asimismo, por la contaminación hecha por empresas que depositan sus residuos en las principales fuentes de agua potable del municipio. En especial, busca que el cuerpo de bomberos se abastezca, para sus vehículos del agua en momentos de emergencia, de agua de lluvia o reciclada, ya que el agua potable de la ciudad es necesaria para el consumo humano. Pereira se beneficiaría con la implementación del proyecto de acuerdo que aquí se propone, pues mitigaría los daños ambientales y sociales que se presentan debido al desabastecimiento de agua.
A Semantic Study : Figurative Language Used In Payuh Teduh Songs Lyrics
Authors: Muhammad Natsir  , Bahagia Saragih  , Rafika Dewi Nasution
Published: February 2022

This research aims to analyze the style of figurative language and reason used in the song lyric of Payung Teduh. This research is expected the result of this study will be useful for the reader especially in knowing what kinds of figurative language are and reasont of contextual meanings of figurative language used in the song lyric by Payung Teduh. In this research use descriptive qualitative method that the data of songs are Payung Teduh Album got from kapanlagi.com. The result found that there are some kinds of figurative language used in Payung teduh song entitle angin pujaan hujan, kucari kamu, diujung malam, tidurlah, berdua saja, resah and Akad that limited to simile, metaphor, personification and irony. The contextual which means of each figurative language is also noted clearly.
YENİ BULGULAR IŞIĞINDA KABAR İSYANI VE SONUÇLARI
Authors: ÖZKAYA Hakan
Published: February 2022

VII-XI. yüzyıllar arasında Karadeniz’in kuzeyinde geniş bir coğrafyada hâkimiyet süren Hazar Hakanlığı, dönemin önemli aktörlerinden biriydi. Askeri zaferleri, diplomatik becerileri ve ekonomik refahı bu bozkır kemerinin Hazarlarla birlikte medeni dünyaya katılımını sağladı. Coğrafyadaki egemenliği aynı zamanda dönemin iki büyük gücü arasındaki varlığına prestijli bir zenginlik kattı. Batısında yer alan Bizans İmparatorluğu uygarlığın öncüsü olma iddiasındaydı ve Ortodoks Hıristiyanlığın merkeziydi. Hazarlarla ilişkileri Sâsânilere karşı verdikleri mücadeleler esnasında yaptıkları askeri işbirliğine dayanmaktaydı. Daha sonra Hazar sarayından iki defa kız almak suretiyle bu işbirliğini siyasi bir müttefikliğe kadar götürme arzusunu ortaya koydu. Ancak iki taraf arasında Kırım özelinde yaşanan rekabet Hazarların yıkıldığı döneme kadar devam etti.

Hazarların Kafkasların güneyinde yer alan Müslümanlarla ilişkileri ise Abbasiler dönemine kadar siyasi ve askeri alanda yaşanan çatışmalarla devam ederken bu dönemden sonra ticari denge üzerine kurulu yeni bir serüvenin inşasıyla sürdürüldü. Bu dönemden sonra Hazar coğrafyasına gelen Müslümanlar büyük ölçüde tüccarlardan oluşmaktaydı. Bu aynı zamanda diğer inanç gruplarına mensup kişilerin de Hazarya’da serbestçe dolaşımını beraberinde getirdi. Hıristiyanlar, Müslümanlar, Yahudiler ve Gök Tanrı inancına sahip Türkler birlikte yaşamaktaydı. “Hazar Barışı” olarak adlandırılan bu sistem IX. yüzyılda yaşanan Kabar isyanı neticesinde ciddi bir sarsıntı yaşadı. Bu olay ülke dinamiklerini hızlı bir şekilde aşındırırken bir asır sonra da yıkılmasına neden oldu.
Pengaruh Pemberian Keong Bakau Segar dan Kepala Ikan Cakalang Untuk Pertumbuhan Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata)
Authors: Yanti Esri , Kurnia Agus , Astuti Oce
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian pakan segar berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan kepiting bakau Scylla Serrata. Terdapat 3 perlakuan pakan segar yaitu keong bakau (perlakuan A), kepala ikan cakalang (perelakuan B), campuran keong bakau dan kepala ikan cakalang (perlakuan C) sebanyak 27 ekor kepiting bakau  (bobot awal 70-80 gram) dipelihara selama 45 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan 2 kali sehari. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), panjang dan lebar karapaks, serta tinggkat kelangsungan hidup  S Serrata. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan perlakuan pakan yang berbeda memberikan hasil yang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap nilai pertumbuhan mutlak bobot dan panjang karapaks, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pertumbuhan mutlak perlakuan A, B, dan C masing-masing sebesar 23,0 g, 20,09 g dan 16,0 g. Untuk tingkat kelangsungan hidup S serrata yang diberikan pada pakan berbeda sebesar 78-100%. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian keong bakau segar dan kepala ikan segar atau campuran keduanya dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan kepiting bakau Scylla serrata.Kata Kunci: Kepiting Bakau, Pertumbuhan, Keong bakau, dan Kepala Ikan
Penambahaan Tepung Spirulina dalam Pakan Terhadap Performa Warna Ikan Hias Komet (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Anwar Anwar , Kurnia Agus , Nur Indriyani
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penambahan tepung Spirulina dalam pakan terhadap performa warna  ikan hias komet (C. auratus). Empat jenis pakan uji dibuat berdasarkan dosis penambahan tepung Spirulina dalam pakan yakni pakan komersil tanpa penambahan tepung Spirulina (pakan A), penambahan 1% tepung Spirulina dalam pakan (pakan B), penambahan 3% tepung Spirulina dalam pakan (pakan C), dan penambahan 5% tepung Spirulina dalam pakan (pakan D). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 40 hari. Sebanyak 60 ekor ikan komet dengan bobot rata-rata awal8.02±1,02 g yang ditempatkan ke dalam 12 akuarium (5 ekor/akuarium). Tingkat kecerahan warna ikan ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode score sheet dengan melibatkan 10 orang panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kecerahan warna orange tertinggi didapatkan pada ikan komet yang diberi pakan D sebesar 3.60, kemudian diikutipakan C, B dan A masing-masing sebesar 3.16, 2.62 dan 1.96. Tingkat kecerahan warna putih tertinggi juga didapatkan pada ikan komet  yang diberi pakan D sebesar 2.94, kemudian diikuti pakan C, B dan A masing-masing sebesar 2.60, 1.92 dan 1.78, pertumbuhan mutlak ikan komet berkisar antara57.85-.32.7 dan kelangsungan hidup ikan komet selama penelitian adalah100%.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penambahan 5% tepung Spirulina dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan kecerahan warna ikan hias komet.Kata kunci : ikan komet, kecerahan warna, tepung spirulina, pakan komersial
Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Buatan Berbasis Tepung Lamun Dan Fermentasi Ampas Kelapa Pada Kombinasi Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Sintasan Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra Jaeger)
Authors: Saputra Muh. Ari , Nur Indriyani , Balubi Abdul Muis
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi beberapa formula pakan berbasis tepung lamun dan fermentasi ampas kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup teripang pasir. Tiga jenis pakan diujicobakan, yaitu pakan dengan kombinasi beberapa dosis tepung lamun dan fermentasi ampas kelapa, sedangkan pakan kontrol adalah bersumber dari kompos. Pakan kontrol adalah bentik yang dirangsang pertumbuhannya dengan kompos kotoran ayam. Teripang pasir yang digunakan berbobot 7-60 g sebanyak 60 ekor, 5 ekor per wadah pemeliharaan. Benih teripang diberi pakan uji sekali dalam sehari pada sore hari. Percobaan dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas empat perlakuan pakan dan tiga ulangan. Percobaan berlangsung selama 45 hari. Variabel yang diamati pada penelitian ini yaitu pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian pakan buatan berbasis tepung lamun dan fermentasi ampas kelapa memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan hari ke-45, namun memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik pada hari ke-15 dan 30 serta tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Benih teripang pasir yang diberi pakan kontrol menghasilkan pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi (6,90 g). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik berkisar antara 0,13-0,71%. Sementara tingkat kelangsungan hidup berkisar antara 66,67-93,33%. Kesimpulan yang daat ditarik pada penelitian ini bahwa diduga teripang pasir tidak dapat memanfaatkan pakan buatan dengan baik dibanding dengan pakan kontrol berupa bentik.Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, lamun, fermentasi ampas kelapa, teripang pasir, Holothuria scabra.
Pengaruh Ukuran Inti yang Berbeda Terhadap Ketebalan Lapisan Mutiara Mabe (Pteriapenguin) di Perairan Soropia Desa Leppe Kabupaten Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Husein Mohamad Asrul , Yusnaini Yusnaini , Balubi Abdul Muis , Kurnia Agus , Nur Indriyani
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran inti yang berbeda terhadap ketebalan lapisan mutiara pada kerang yang diimplantasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perairan Soropia, Desa Leppe, Kabupaten Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara selama tiga bulan dimulai bulan Februari - Mei 2020. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 perlakuan, yaitu Perlakuan A (Inti Mutiara berdiameter 12 mm), Perlakuan B (Inti mutiarab berdiameter 10 mm), Perlakuan C (Inti mutiara berdiameter 8 mm). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 6 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pengukuran ketebalan lapisan mutiara pada dua bagian mutiara, dan pengukuran kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketebalan lapisan mutiara pada bagian Base dan Top pada perlakuan C, dan B lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A. Ketebalan lapisan mutiara tertinggi diamati pada perlakuan A sebesar 0,52 mm (Base) dan 0,28 mm (Top). Ukuran inti tidak berbeda nyata terhadap ketebalan lapisan mutiara pada bagian Base dan Top untuk semua perlakuan.Kata kunci : Pteria penguin, ukuran inti, ketebalan lapisan mutiara dan kualitas air.
Kepadatan Nannochloropsis oculata Dengan Penambahan Pupuk Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit)
Authors: Pangestu Rama Sugeng , Utami Maya A. Fajar , Herliany Nurlaila Ervina
Published: February 2022

Pertumbuhan N. oculata sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan nutrien di dalam media tumbuh karena berfungsi sebagai sumber energi dan pembangun sel. Salah satu bahan alami sebagai nutrien yang bisa digunakan untuk kultivasi adalah ekstrak daun lamtoro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung dan menentukan pertumbuhan N. oculata yang diberi pupuk ekstrak daun lamtoro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi L1 (Pupuk Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro 30 ml/1000 ml), L2 (Pupuk Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro 40 ml/1000 ml), L3 (Pupuk Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro 50 ml/1000 ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupuk ekstrak daun lamtoro berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan N. oculata (p<0,05). Kepadatan sel tertinggi terjadi pada hari ke-7 untuk pemberian Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro 40 dan 50 ml, dan hari ke-8 untuk pemberian Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro 30 ml. Pemberian ekstrak daun lamtoro 40 ml menghasilkan kepadatan sel tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dengan kepadatan sel sebesar 19,03x106 sel/ml. Pada awal kultur, parameter lingkungan dibuat seragam dan sesuai dengan pertumbuhan meliputi suhu 240 C, Salinitas 28 ‰, pH 8, dan intensitas cahaya 1980 lux.Kata kunci : Nannochloropsis oculata, nutrien, ekstrak daun lamtoro
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Hutan Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. Terhadap Perubahan pH Pada Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Probiotik Secara In Vitro
Authors: Munaeni Waode , Widanarni Widanarni , Yuhana Munti , Setiawati Mia , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: February 2022

Bawang hutan Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.merupakan tanaman obat yang memiliki kandungan oligosakarida, berpotensi sebagai prebiotik yang mampu meningkatkan kesehatan usus udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efek dari ekstrak bawang hutan dengan konsentrasi berbeda terhadap perubahan pH media pada stimulasi pertumbuhan probiotik secara in vitro. Konsentrasi ekstrak bawang hutan terdiri dari : 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.313, 0.156 mg/mL. Bakteri probiotik yang digunakan adalah Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1Ub dan Bacillus sp. NP5,sedangkan bakteri enterik menggunakan Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Waktu inkubasi selama 24 jam dengan pengamatan warna dan pH media dilakukan pada jam ke-0, 14, 18, dan 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah inkubasi selama 24 jam terjadi perubahan warna dan pH media. Nilai pH pada perlakuan probiotik lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bakteri enterik. Nilai pH pada P. piscicida 1Ub lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Bacillus sp. NP5. Perubahan pH yang lebih rendah menandakan probiotik mampu memanfaatkan oligosakarida yang ada pada ekstrak bawang hutan.Kata kunci : Eleutherine bulbosa, oligosakarida, pH, prebiotik, probiotik.
Aktivitas Enzim Pencernaan Amilase dan Protease Juvenil Abalon (Haliotis asinina) yang Dipelihara pada Salinitas Berbeda
Authors: Saridu Siti Aisyah , Anggoro Sutrisno , Suprijanto Jusup , Effendy Irwan Junaedi
Published: February 2022

Salinitas merupakan salah satu parameter kualitas air yang mempengaruhi kehidupan hewan akuatik, termasuk molluska laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim pencernaan amilase dan protease juvenil H. asinina yang dipelihara pada salinitas berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Hewan uji dibagi berdasarkan kelompok ukuran panjang cangkang, yaitu 2,0-2,5 cm, 3,0-3,5 cm dan 4,0-4,5 cm dan dipelihara pada salinitas berbeda yaitu 26‰, 29­‰, 32­‰ dan 35‰ selama 30 hari. Selama masa pemeliharaan, hewan uji diberikan pakan alami Gracilaria verrucosa. Pengukuran aktivitas enzim pencernaan dilakukan pada hepatopankreas dan organ viscera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas media berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap aktivitas amilase dan protease (P<0,05). Aktivitas amilase pada salinitas 26‰, 29‰, 32‰ dan 35‰ berturut-turut yaitu 1,1387±0,2158 U/mg protein, 1,0908±0,3531 U/mg protein, 0,7595±0,1044 U/mg protein dan 0,7137±0,2014 U/mg protein. Aktivitas protease juvenil yang dipelihara pada salinitas 26‰, 29‰, 32‰ dan 35‰ berturut-turut yaitu 0.0031±0.0045 U/mg protein, 0.0177±0.0103 U/mg protein, 0.0167±0.0118 U/mg protein dan 0.0239±0.0023 U/mg protein. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, H. asinina sebaiknya dipelihara pada salinitas >29‰ karena aktivitas protease yang sangat rendah dapat menurunkan kecernaan protein sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan.
Perbandingan Laju Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Eucheuma Denticulatum Yang Dipelihara Dengan Long Net dan Wall Net
Authors: Mardin Mardin , Rahman Abdul , Kasim Ma’ruf
Published: February 2022

Eucheuma denticulatum merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut yang ikut andil dalam meningkatkan produksi rumput laut di Indonesia. Berkaitan dengan proses budidayanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan laju pertumbuhan dan produksi E. denticulatum yang dipelihara dengan long net dan wall net, demikian hubungannya dengan parameter fisika-kimia perairan. Penelitin ini dilaksanakan pada Oktober-Desember 2019 di Perairan Pantai Lakeba Kota Baubau Sulawesi Tenggara,  menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan alat analisis uji-t (Independent sampel t-test) dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS)  masing-masing sebesar 2,98%.hari-1 pada long net dan sebesar 2,58%.hari-1 pada wall net, sedangkan produksi rumput laut basah masing-masing sebesar 769,06 g.m-2 dan sebesar 643,44 g.m-2. Posisi kedalaman tanam, keterlindungan, dan kestabilan rumpun rumput laut menjadi pembeda hasil LPS dan produksi E. denticulatum pada kedua alat tersebut. Parameter kualitas air yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan E. denticulatum yaitu suhu, salinitas, kecepatan arus, pH, nitrat, dan fosfat. Wall net memiliki kelebihan dibanding long net terutama pada kondisi perairan yang agak terbuka dan keberadaan hama.Kata Kunci: long net, wall net, produksi Eucheuma denticulatum, pantai lakeba.
Tingkat Kecernaan Juvenil Ikan Bandeng Chanos-Chanos yang Diberi Pakan Berbahan Tepung Ampas Minyak Biji Kapuk (Ceiba petandra)
Authors: Syam Ratna Nur , Hamzah Muhaimin , Muskita Wellem H. , Kurnia Agus
Published: February 2022

Kendala bahan baku pakan sumber protein nabati  tepung kedelai yaitu bergantung impor sehingga disubtitusi menggunakan tepung ampas minyak biji kapuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan juvenil ikan bandeng (Chanos-chanos) yang diberi pakan berbahan tepung ampas minyak biji kapuk. Empat jenis pakan dibuat berdasarkan subtitusi tepung kedelai (TK) dengan tepung ampas minyak biji kapuk (TAMBK) yang terdiri atas :100% TK; 0% TAMBK (pakan A), 75% TK : 25% TAMBK (pakan B), 50% TK : 50% TAMBK (pakan C), dan 25% TK : 75% TAMBK (pakan D). Semua pakan percobaan ditambahkan 0,5 % kromium oksida (Cr2O3) sebagai indikator menentukan tingkat kecernaan pada ikan. Sebanyak 120 ekor juvenil ikan bandeng (bobot awal rata-rata : 0,80±1,91 g) dimasukkan ke dalam 12 akuarium (10 ekor/ akuarium) yang berukuran 60×40×50 cm. Pemberian pakan dilakukan 2 kali sehari (pukul 08.00 dan 16.00) berdasarkan bobot tubuh selama 60 hari pemeliharaan, kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan feses setiap 3-4 jam setelah ikan diberi makan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian pakan berbahan tepung ampas minyak biji kapuk memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap tingkat kecernaan protein dan kecernaan total juvenil ikan bandeng (Chanos-chanos). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kecernaan protein juvenile ikan bandeng (Chanos-chanos) dalam kategori kurang baik sedangkan kecernaan total menunjukan kisaran optimal.Kata Kunci: Tepung ampas minyak biji kapuk, tepung kedelai, juvenil ikan bandeng Chanos-chanos
Perbandingan Waktu Pemulihan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii, (Doty 1985) yang Mengalami Kerusakan Akibat Gigitan Ikan Herbivora yang Dipelihara dalam Jaring Kotak dan Dinding Jaring
Authors: Buamona Dodi Efendi , Nur Indriyani , Kasim Ma'ruf
Published: February 2022

Salah satu kendala budidaya rumput laut adalah tingginya pemangsaan hama, maka media yang digunakan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan waktu pemulihan thallus rumput laut yang mengalami kerusakan akibat gigitan ikan herbivora pada jenis K. alvarezii dan mengetahui laju pertumbuhan spesifik rumput laut yang dipelihara pada jaring kotak dan dinding jaring. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November-Desember 2019, bertempat di perairan Pantai Lakeba Kota Bau-Bau, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Rancangan penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 perlakuan yaitu menggunakan jaring kotak dan dinding jaring serta 10 ulangan.Sampel yang digunakan yaitu bibit thallus rumput laut K. alvarezii, diamati menggunakan mikroskop digital dan dianalisis menggunakan uji-t (Independent sample t-test) dengan bantuan SPSS versi. 24 dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Parameter yang diamati adalah pemulihan thallus rumput laut,(LPS), parameter kualitas air dan hubungan antara LPS dan parameter kualitas air. Hasil yang diperoleh pemulihan thallus rumput laut pada jaring kotak lebih cepat yaitu (11 hari) masa pemeliharaan dibandingkan dinding jaring yaitu (15 hari) masa pemeliharaan. LPS tertinggi pada jaring kotak yaitu pekan ke-1 sebesar 7,00% dan terendah pekan ke-6 sebesar 3,13% sedangkan LPS tertinggi pada dinding jaring yaitu pekan ke-1 sebesar 6,61% dan terendah pekan ke-6 sebesar 2.95%. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa (LPS) berbeda nyata antara kedua perlakuan.Kata Kunci: K. alvarezii, pemulihan, pertumbuhan, jaring kotak, dinding jaring
Gambaran Pelaksanaan 5 Pilar Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat di Kelurahan Kasturian Kota Ternate
Authors: Regista Vebby , Fitria Aida , Kadir Masni A
Published: February 2022

Environmental health is important in improving public health, one of the environmental health problems is poor sanitation. Sanitation improvement is included in the improvement target in Indonesia to achieve the 2030 Suntainable Development Goals (SDG's), currently it is still an obstacle due to lack of public awareness of environmental sanitation such as household problems with open defecation, household waste treatment, clean water and garbage treatment. The incidence of diarrhea in the Work Area of the Siko Health Center, 11.8% (24 cases) of 202 cases of diarrhea in 2020 Occurred in Kasturian Village, Ternate City. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of the implementation of the 5 Pillars of Community-Based Total Sanitation (Stbm) in Kasturian Village, Ternate City in 2021. Descriptive research method with quantitative analysis techniques on 43 respondents in Kasturian Village, Ternate City. Data obtained by using a questionnaire using Google Form and analyzed using SPSS Software. The results of the analysis show that Pillar 1 of Stop Opening Open Defecation (BABS), it is known that there is still Inappropriate Sanitation / Cubluk 20.9% . Pillar 2 Community-Based Total Sanitation Washing Hands with Soap (CTPS) is known to be true for CTPS 83.7. Pillar 3 stores food equipment correctly 90.7%, stores food processing equipment correctly 95.3%, closes food and beverages correctly: 100%. Pillar 4 Household Waste Management There is no waste scattered around the house 62.8%, and Pillar 5 only 27.9% in waste water management connected to the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL)Keywords: Stbm, Sanitation, Kesling, Ternate
scMelody: An Enhanced Consensus-Based Clustering Model for Single-Cell Methylation Data by Reconstructing Cell-to-Cell Similarity
Authors: Tian Qi , Zou Jianxiao , Tang Jianxiong , Liang Liang , Cao Xiaohong , Fan Shicai
Published: February 2022

Single-cell DNA methylation sequencing technology has brought new perspectives to investigate epigenetic heterogeneity, supporting a need for computational methods to cluster cells based on single-cell methylation profiles. Although several methods have been developed, most of them cluster cells based on single (dis)similarity measures, failing to capture complete cell heterogeneity and resulting in locally optimal solutions. Here, we present scMelody, which utilizes an enhanced consensus-based clustering model to reconstruct cell-to-cell methylation similarity patterns and identifies cell subpopulations with the leveraged information from multiple basic similarity measures. Besides, benefitted from the reconstructed cell-to-cell similarity measure, scMelody could conveniently leverage the clustering validation criteria to determine the optimal number of clusters. Assessments on distinct real datasets showed that scMelody accurately recapitulated methylation subpopulations and outperformed existing methods in terms of both cluster partitions and the number of clusters. Moreover, when benchmarking the clustering stability of scMelody on a variety of synthetic datasets, it achieved significant clustering performance gains over existing methods and robustly maintained its clustering accuracy over a wide range of number of cells, number of clusters and CpG dropout proportions. Finally, the real case studies demonstrated the capability of scMelody to assess known cell types and uncover novel cell clusters.
Powerful CRISPR-Based Biosensing Techniques and Their Integration With Microfluidic Platforms
Authors: Chen Bing , Li Ya , Xu Feng , Yang Xiaonan
Published: February 2022

In the fight against the worldwide pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), simple, rapid, and sensitive tools for nucleic acid detection are in urgent need. PCR has been a classic method for nucleic acid detection with high sensitivity and specificity. However, this method still has essential limitations due to the dependence on thermal cycling, which requires costly equipment, professional technicians, and long turnover times. Currently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based biosensors have been developed as powerful tools for nucleic acid detection. Moreover, the CRISPR method can be performed at physiological temperature, meaning that it is easy to assemble into point-of-care devices. Microfluidic chips hold promises to integrate sample processing and analysis on a chip, reducing the consumption of sample and reagent and increasing the detection throughput. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the development of CRISPR-based biosensing techniques and their perfect combination with microfluidic platforms. New opportunities and challenges for the improvement of specificity and efficiency signal amplification are outlined. Furthermore, their various applications in healthcare, animal husbandry, agriculture, and forestry are discussed.
Based on Molecular Subtypes, Immune Characteristics and Genomic Variation to Constructing and Verifying Multi-Gene Prognostic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gu Lei , Jiang Chunhui , Xu Chunjie , Liu Ye , Zhou Hong
Published: February 2022

Background: Colon cancer (COAD) has been identified as being among the most prevalent tumors globally and ranked the third major contributor to cancer-related mortality. COAD is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. There are great differences in clinical manifestations and prognosis among different molecular subtypes.

Methods:379 TCGA-COAD samples were divided into four subtypes: primary proliferative, with collective, crypt-like, and EMT invasion. The differences among the four subtypes were analyzed from the multidimensional perspectives of immunity, genomic variation, and prognosis. The limma package was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) amongst different molecular subtypes. Phenotype-related coexpressed gene modules were identified using WGCNA. The polygenic prognosis model was created utilizing the lasso Cox analysis and verified by time-dependent subject operating characteristics (ROC).

Results: There are some differences in prognosis, TMB and common gene variation, immune score, and immunotherapy/chemotherapy between proliferative and three invasive molecular subtypes. 846 differential genes (DEGs) were obtained by limma packet analysis. Differential gene analysis was utilized to screen the DEGs among distinct subtypes, which were significantly enriched in the pathways related to tumorigenesis and development. Co-expression network analysis found 46 co-expressed genes correlated with proliferative and three invasive phenotypes. Based on differentially co-expressed genes, we developed a prognostic risk model of 8-genes signature, which exhibited strong stability regardless of external and internal validation. RT-PCR experiments proved the expression of eight genes in tumor and normal samples.

Conclusion: We have developed an eight-gene signature prognostic stratification system. Furthermore, we proposed that this classifier can serve as a molecular diagnostic tool to assess the prognosis of colon cancer patients.
Non-Canonical Roles of Apoptotic Caspases in the Nervous System
Authors: Dehkordi Mahshid H. , Munn Robert G. K. , Fearnhead Howard O.
Published: February 2022

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that predominantly cleave their substrates after aspartic acid residues. Much of what we know of caspases emerged from investigation a highly conserved form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. This form of cell death is regulated by several caspases, including caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 and caspase-9. However, these “killer” apoptotic caspases have emerged as versatile enzymes that play key roles in a wide range of non-apoptotic processes. Much of what we understand about these non-apoptotic roles is built on work investigating how “killer” caspases control a range of neuronal cell behaviors. This review will attempt to provide an up to date synopsis of these roles.
Capillary Gas Chromatographic Separation Performances of a Tetraphenyl Porphyrin Stationary Phase
Authors: Yan Yuan , Wang Zhenzhong , Zhang Zitong , He Zhen , Luo Lun , Fan Jing
Published: February 2022

Tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) has enormous potential for use as gas chromatography stationary phases because it has a distinctive extended π–π conjugated coplanar structure and a range of interesting properties such as a good solubility in dichloromethane, high melting point, and good thermal stability. In this work, a TPP column was successfully prepared using a static method. The column was nonpolar and had a high efficiency. The chromatographic selectivity of the TPP column was assessed. The TPP column showed superiority retention and higher resolution for alicyclic, aromatic molecules through ring matching and π-π stacking interaction comparable to HP-5MS column. The unique mechanisms through which the TPP column retained polychlorinated biphenyls allowed the peak pair of 2,2ʹ,5-trichlorobiphenyl and 4,4ʹ-dichlorobiphenyl to be resolved better on the TPP column than the HP-5MS column. The TPP column was thermally stable even at 260°C for 2 h and gave results of a high degree of precision (run-to-run and column-to-column) with relative standard deviations <0.05% and <4.96%, respectively. The results indicated that porphyrin derivatives will be useful gas chromatography stationary phases.
Architecture- and Composition-Controlled Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers and Binary Mixtures With Crosslinkable Components: Chain Exchange Between Block Copolymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Panpan , Davis Jesse L. , Mays Jimmy W. , Wang Xu , Kilbey S. Michael
Published: February 2022

Chain exchange behaviors in self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature are investigated through observations of structural differences between parent and binary systems of BCP NPs with and without crosslinked domains. Pairs of linear diblock or triblock, and branched star-like polystyrene-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-PVP) copolymers that self-assemble in a PVP-selective mixed solvent into BCP NPs with definite differences in size and self-assembled morphology are combined by diverse mixing protocols and at different crosslinking densities to reveal the impact of chain exchange between BCP NPs. Clear structural evolution is observed by dynamic light scattering and AFM and TEM imaging, especially in a blend of triblock + star copolymer BCP NPs. The changes are ascribed to the chain motion inherent in the dynamic equilibrium, which drives the system to a new structure, even at room temperature. Chemical crosslinking of PVP corona blocks suppresses chain exchange between the BCP NPs and freezes the nanostructures at a copolymer crosslinking density (CLD) of ∼9%. This investigation of chain exchange behaviors in BCP NPs having architectural and compositional complexity and the ability to moderate chain motion through tailoring the CLD is expected to be valuable for understanding the dynamic nature of BCP self-assemblies and diversifying the self-assembled structures adopted by these systems. These efforts may guide the rational construction of novel polymer NPs for potential use, for example, as drug delivery platforms and nanoreactors.
Effect of Hcp Iron Ion Regulation on the Interaction Between Acinetobacter baumannii With Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Pan Ping , Wang Xiaolei , Chen Yi , Chen Qiong , Yang Yunxing , Wei Chenxing , Cheng Tongtong , Wan Haitong , Yu Daojun
Published: February 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is a type of bacterial nosocomial infection with severe drug resistance. Hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is a marker of activated type VI secretion system (T6SS), a key secretory system that promotes Gram-negative bacteria colonization, adhesion, and invasion of host cells. Hcp is also regulated by iron ions (Fe). In this study, an ATCC17978 hcp deletion strain (ATCC17978Δhcp), an hcp complement strain (ATCC17978Δhcp+), and an A. baumannii–green fluorescent protein (GFP) strain were constructed and used to investigate the role of hcp in bacterial adhesion to cells (human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC)) and biofilm formation. Our results indicate that the inhibitory concentrations of the three A. baumannii strains (ATCC17978 wild type, ATCC17978Δhcp, and ATCC17978Δhcp+) were drug-sensitive strains. A. baumannii hcp gene and iron ions might be involved in promoting the formation of a biofilm and host–bacteria interaction. Iron ions affected the ability of A. baumannii to adhere to cells, as there was no significant difference in the bacterial numbers when assessing the adhesion of the three strains to HPAEpiC in the presence of iron ion concentrations of 0 μM (F = 3.1800, p = 0.1144), 25 μM (F = 2.067, p = 0.2075), 100 μM (F = 30.52, p = 0.0007), and 400 μM (F = 17.57, p = 0.0031). The three strains showed significant differences in their ability to adhere to HPAEpiC. The numbers of bacteria adhesion to HPAEpiC were ATCC17978Δhcp>ATCC17978Δhcp+>ATCC17978 in descending order. Hcp gene was positively regulated by iron ions in the bacteria–cells’ co-culture. It is speculated that the effect of iron ions on the interaction between A. baumannii and HPAEpiC might be related to the transport function of hcp and bacterial immune escape mechanisms.
Reducing Food Waste During COVID-19: Testing Role Model Stories as a Strategy for Promoting Conservation Behaviors
Authors: O’Donnell Nicole Hummel , Karabas Ismail , Hill Aloni
Published: February 2022

This study investigates how role model stories may inspire food waste reduction during times of perceived food scarcity. We conducted a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment (N = 358, U.S. adults) to test the effectiveness of messages that emphasized role model success (reduced waste/zero-waste) and achievement difficulty (easy/difficult) on intentions to set a personal food waste goal. Exposure to role models who lived a zero-waste lifestyle had a self-deflating effect, as this behavior was viewed as less attainable by participants. Regardless of difficulty framing, exposure to role models who reduced their waste enhanced participants’ perceptions of goal attainability, motivation, and intentions. No interaction effects were found between levels of success and achievement difficulty. Considering covariates, individuals who reported enhanced food waste awareness due to COVID-19 reported higher goal setting intentions. Hence, times of perceived food scarcity may provide an ideal opportunity for promoting food waste reduction and conservation strategies. Results from this study provide guidance for how role model stories can best inspire waste reduction without hindering attainability and motivation. We discuss implications for applying the motivational theory of role modeling in conservation and communication contexts.
Determinants of Dyslipidemia in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Obsa Mohammed S. , Ataro Getu , Awoke Nefsu , Jemal Bedru , Tilahun Tamiru , Ayalew Nugusu , Woldegeorgis Beshada Z. , Azeze Gedion A. , Haji Yusuf
Published: February 2022

Background

Dyslipidemia is a common public health problem in Africa. It has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor. It has been steadily increasing due to economic growth, urbanization, and unhealthy dietary pattern. Therefore, it is essential to identify determinants of dyslipidemia to prevent the condition and reduce its long-term sequel.

Methods

Combinations of search terms with Boolean operators were used to retrieve studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Cinahl, Scopus, Mednar, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated based on the 2017 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. After evaluation of each study against these criteria, studies with a minimum score of 7 or above out of 9 JBI checklists were included. We included articles presented in the English language. The Cochrane Q test was used to assess the heterogeneity across studies. The visual assessment of publication bias was done by creating a funnel plot. The possible causes of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses. Egger's weighted regression test was used to assess the presence of publication bias. Statistical analyses were done by using the STATA software version 14.

Result

A total of 24 articles involving 37,902 participants from 10 African countries were included. The overall pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia was 52.8 (95% CI 40.8–64.9). Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) >25.0 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) >94 cm were, respectively, 2.36 (95% CI (1.33–4.18), p < 0.001) and 2.33 (95% CI (0.75–0.29) p < 0.001) times more likely to develop dyslipidemia than those with lower values. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were 2.32 (95% CI (0.89–6.05) p < 0.001) and 2.05 (95% CI (1.31–3.21), p < 0.001) times more likely to present with dyslipidemia than non-diabetic patients and those without HTN.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is relatively high among study participants in African countries and the independent predictors of dyslipidemia were BMI >25.0 kg/m2, WC > 94 cm, raised blood glucose level, and raised blood pressure. Therefore, there should be a pressing public health measure to prevent, identify, and treat dyslipidemia with the special emphasis on obese, diabetic, and hypertensive patients.