bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving current problems in engineering system dynamics
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Pylypenko O.V.
Published: July 2021

This paper overviews the main results obtained over the past few years at the Department of Hydromechanical Systems Dynamics and Vibration Protection Systems, Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, in the solution of current problems in the dynamics of liquid-propellant rocket engines (LPREs), liquid-propellant launch vehicle pogo stability, vibration protection system dynamics, the gas dynamics of aircraft gas turbine engine components, and the dynamics of hydraulic systems with cavitating elements. These results are as follows. A mathematical model of LPRE pump dynamics was developed. The model complements a hydrodynamic model of LPRE cavitating pumps by allowing a mathematical simulation of choking regimes. An approach was developed to the construction of a nonlinear mathematical model of LPRE hydraulic line filling. The approach allows one to automatically change, if necessary, the finite element partitioning scheme of a hydraulic line in the process of its filling during LPRE startup calculations. An investigation was conducted into the startup dynamics of a multiengine liquid-propellant propulsion system that consists of four staged-combustion oxidizer-rich LPRDs with account for the possibility of their nonsimultaneous startup. The maximum values of oxidizer and fuel pressure surges and undershoots at the liquid-propellant jet system (LPJS) inlet at an engine spartup and shutdown were determined and used in determining the LPJS operability at the startup and shutdown of the RD861K sustainer engine. The pogo stability of the Cyclone-4M launch vehicle was analyzed analytically using Nyquist’s criterion. A numerical approach was developed to characterizing acoustic oscillations of the combustion products in annular rocket combustion chambers with account for the configuration features of the fire space and the variation of the physical properties of the gaseous medium with the axial length of the chamber. A prototype vibration protection system was developed and made, and its dynamic tests confirmed its high efficiency in damping impact and harmonic disturbances. Approaches were developed to the aerodynamic improvement of aircraft gas turbine engine components. Topical problems in solids grinding in a liquid medium with the use a cavitation pulse technology were solved.
Compact silencers for new-generation light small arms
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Pylypenko O.V. , Konovalov N.A. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Kovalenko V.I. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of the development of silencers, whose design feature is a central perforated tube, at the institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine (ITM of NASU and SSAU). The advisability of silencers of this type is confirmed by their operational reliability and shot sound suppression efficiency in their actual service as part of light small arms of different types. To design high-efficiency advanced silencers, technical requirements for their design were developed. The paper describes the possibility of using a central perforated tube as the key component of a powder gas spreader. Differently shaped elements or a combination thereof are used as additional elements that form a powder gas flow inside a silencer: conical and spherical axisymmetric baffles coaxial with the silencer body, cylindrical shells (including perforated ones) that provide a powder gas flow between the expansion chambers along the internal axis of the central channel, helicoidal elements, and peripheral labyrinth-vortex contours. One way to increase silencer efficiency is an additional expansion chamber that embraces the external part of the barrel and is gas-dynamically connected to a traditional muzzle silencer. In deciding on an advisable design for compact silencers, the following was redetermined: the number of expansion chambers, the powder gas energy converter design, the baffle type, the presence of a gas flow between the chambers along the inner surface of the silencer body, and, if so, the gas flow rate. The silencer design was optimized based on simulating the silencer gas dynamics using the authors’ efficiency calculation procedure for silencers with a central perforated tube and different internal components. The paper describes the procedure and presents the results calculated with its help. Comparison tests of the silencers developed and foreign silencers confirmed a high efficiency of the former. The silencers with a central perforated tube for light small arms developed at the ITM of NASU and SSAU compare well in performance with their best foreign counterparts. The designs of some of them are covered by Ukrainian patents.
Materials Science in the Structures of European Union Framework Research and Innovation Programs “Horizon 2020” and Horizon Europe”
Authors:   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the NAS of Ukraine, Bilan I.I.
Published: July 2021

The results of the analysis of European Research and Innovation Framework Program “Horizon 2020” calls, propositions and projects with their main subjects devoted to the problems of advanced materials, perspective technologies of their production and processing are presented in this paper. Analysis had been made on the base of Horizon Dashboard data. Horizon Dashboard is the suitable instrument created under the requirements of the European Commission, which presents an overview of evaluated proposals (incl. success rates) and detailed statistics and data about funded projects and their participants, broken down by countries and regions, research domain/program part, organization type, etc. Furthermore, this instrument allows to analyze country and organization profiles considering 38 thematic priorities (four of them: advanced materials; advanced manufacturing and processing; nanotechnologies, advanced materials and production; biotechnologies are devoted to materials science aspects), funding received, participations by region, top beneficiaries, collaboration with other countries, SME participation and more. Data about total project numbers, funding, top participating countries, top participating organizations had been presented for the each of four materials science priorities. Special attention had been paid on the participation level, funding, and success rates of Ukrainian organizations. Situation with materials science thematic priorities in the new European Research and Innovation Framework Program “Horizon Europe” had been described and it was underlined the absence of separate materials science working program in “Horizon Europe”, and necessity of the analysis of several working programs such as “Digital, Industry, Space”, «Climate, energy, mobility» and etc. for the search of corresponding materials science topics and calls. Status of Ukrainian organizations in “Horizon Europe “program till signing and ratification of agreement between Ukraine and European Union about participation of Ukraine in Horizon Europe Program had been clarified. Keywords: research and innovation European Union Framework Program, “Horizon 2020” program, “Horizon Europe” program, thematic priority, materials science, program pillars, grant agreement.
Long-term oxidation resistance of titanium materials for hybrid fuel cells
Authors:   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Podhurska V. Ya. , Gorna I.D. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the NAS of Ukraine, Vasyliv B. D. ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Chepil R. V. ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Ostash O. P. ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: July 2021

Hybrid SOFC-MGT systems, which combine a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a gas microturbine (MGT) are capable of generating clean energy with high efficiency. Compared to large turbines in aviation and other areas of mechanical engineering and energetics, the requirements for mechanical properties of MGT materials in SOFC may be less strong, but one of the most important is resistance to long-term oxidation. For SOFC materials it is considered that oxidation resistance test duration must be not less than 1000 h. In addition, today there is a tendency to developing average-temperature (550—650 oC) SOFC modifications. Physical and mechanical properties, the long-term (1000 hours) oxidation resistance at 600 °C in particular, for a number of titanium alloys and composites depending on their chemical and phase composition and production method have been studied. These materials are promising for gas microturbines of a hybrid system “solid oxide fuel cell — gas turbine”. Cast, thermally deformed (forging, rolling), and heat-treated titanium alloys and also sintered and hot-pressed titanium composites have been investigated. They were compared to the most widely used in mechanical engineering and other industries Ti—6Al—4V alloy. It was shown that materials of the Ti—Al—X system (X = C, Nb, Mo) based on titanium MAX phases with nanolaminate microstructure have an advantage. At the same time, alloys based on titanium aluminides γ-TiAl / α2-Ti3Al in the cast state have the highest long-term heat resistance, as well as the best complex of physical and mechanical characteristics among the studied materials. Keywords: titanium alloys, chemical and phase composition, mechanical properties, long - term heat resistance, fuel cell.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAJECTORY DATA MINING
Authors: Sydorova Maryna , Baybuz Oleg , Verba Olha , Pidhornyi Pavlo
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Advanced technologies allow almost continuous tracking and recording the movement of objects inspace and time. Detecting interesting patterns in these data, popular routes, habits, and anomalies in object motion and understanding mobility behaviors are actual tasks in different application areas such as marketing, urban planning, transportation, biology, ecology, etc.Problem Statement. In order to obtain useful information from trajectories of moving objects, it is important to develop and to improve mathematical methods of spatiotemporal analysis and to implement them in highquality modern software.Purpose. The purpose of this research is the development of information technology for trajectory data mining.Materials and Methods. Information technology contains the three main algorithms: revealing key pointsand sequences of interest with the use of density-based trajectories clustering of studied objects; detecting patterns of an object movement based on association rules and hierarchical cluster analysis of its motion trajectories in the time interval of observations, similarity measure of the motion trajectories has been proposed to be calculated on the basis of the DTW method with the use of the modified Haversine formula; new algorithm for revealing permanent routes and detecting groups of similar objects has been developed on the basis of clustering ensemblesof all studied trajectories in time. The clustering parameters are selected with multi-criteria quality evaluation.Results. The modern software that implements the proposed algorithms and provides a convenient interactionwith users and a variety of visualization tools has been created. The developed algorithms and software have beentested in detail on the artificial trajectories of moving objects and applied to analysis of real open databases.Conclusions. The experiments have confirmed the efficiency of the proposed information technology thatmay have a practicable application to trajectory data mining in various fields.
Nonlinear Vortex Structures Driven by Small-Scale Non-helical Forces in Obliquely Rotating Stratified Fluids
Authors: Kopp M.I. , Tur A.V. , Yanovsky V.V.
Published: July 2021

We study a new type of large-scale instability in obliquely rotating stratifi ed fl uids with small-scale nonhelical turbulence. The small-scale turbulence is generated by the external force with zero helicity and low Reynolds number. The theory uses the method of multiscale asymptotic expansions. The nonlinear equations for large-scale motions are obtained in the third order of perturbation theory. We consider a linear instability and stationary nonlinear modes. Solutions in the form of nonlinear Beltrami waves and localized vortex structures such as kinks of a new type are obtained.
Радіометрична ідентифікація гранульованих речовин
Authors: Pavlyuchenko A.V. , Loshitsky P.P. , Ponomarev I.V.
Published: July 2021

В роботi показана принципова можливiсть дистанцiйної iдентифiкацiї гранульованих речовин, що знаходяться в закритiй дiелектричнiй тарi, методами ближньої локацiї з використанням радiометричної вимiрювальної установки у 8-ми мiлiметровому дiапазонi довжин хвиль з метою отримання поляризацiйних теплових портретiв. Гранульованi речовини розглядаються як невпорядкованi системи. В результатi взаємодiї електромагнiтної хвилi з гранульованими речовинами, на молекулярному рiвнi з’являється можливiсть видiлити та вiдобразити характерну iнформацiю у виглядi теплового портрета. Поляризацiйнi тепловi портрети гранульованих речовин з близькими характеристиками вiзуально вiдмiннi, для подiбних портретiв виконувалася попередня обробка даних, що забезпечило iдентифiкацiю речовин. Експериментально показана можливiсть використання радiометричних методiв для визначення узагальненого параметра гранульованих речовин – кута природного скосу, незалежно вiд їх властивостей та гранулометричного складу. Наведено зв’язок кута природного скосу та радiометричних параметрiв гранульованих речовин. Пiд час проходження електромагнiтної хвилi через невпорядкованi системи при окреслених довiльних поєднаннях спiввiдношень розмiрiв та усереднених електричних параметрiв спостерiгається рiзке збiльшення амплiтуди сигналу, що приймається, тобто когерентнi ефекти.
Decline in empathy levels and sex differences in medical students from the Caribbean
Authors: González-Díaz Eugenia Smirna , Silva-Vetri María Guadalupe , Díaz-Calzadilla Patricia , Calzadilla-Núñez Aracelis , Reyes-Reyes Alejandro , Díaz-Narváez Víctor Patricio
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Empathy is an important trait in the training of medical students, as it has been shown that it improves the doctor-patient relationship.
Objective: To evaluate the decline of empathy levels and possible sex differences in undergraduate medical students from the Universidad Central del Este, Dominican Republic.
Materials and methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study. A Spanish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Medical Students (S-version) Scale was administered in September 2018 to 1 144 1styear to 5th-year medical students (887 women and 257 men). Data reliability was verified using the Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A generalized linear equation model (Type III) was applied to analyze data and the Wald chi-squared test was used to determine differences in overall empathy levels and the mean scores obtained in each of its three components based on the year of medical training and sex.
Results: Cronbach’s alpha was satisfactory (0.839), and the ICC was 0.834 (F=5.68; p=0.005). The variability of the estimated curves in relation to empathic behavior by course (year of medical training) and sex was observed using linear and non-linear regression equations: Wald χ2=115.6, p=0.0001 between courses; and Wald χ2 =12.85, p=0.001 between men and women.
Conclusions: Sex differences were observed regarding empathy levels in the study population. Moreover, a decline in empathy levels (overall empathy and Compassionate Care component in men and Walking in the Patient’s Shoes component in men and women) was also observed as students progressed in their medical training. The behavior of these data raises questions regarding the need to determine the factors causing these differences and the decline in empathy levels.
Network analysis in clinical research
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian , Serpa-Barrientos Antonio
Published: July 2021

A study published in Issue 1 of Volume 69 of this Journal evaluated burnout levels in Colombian medical residents and demonstrated the impact of this syndrome on those suffering from it.1 Burnout is a response to the emotional and interpersonal problems that arise at work, and it involves feelings of exhaustion, indifference, perception of incompetence due to a lack of resources to cope with responsibilities, dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem.2
Implementation of Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a tool to evaluate the development of clinical reasoning in physical therapy students and level of satisfaction with its use
Authors: Figueroa-Arce Nicole , Figueroa-González Paola , Gómez-Miranda Luis , Gútierrez-Arias Ruvistay , Contreras-Pizarro Viviana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Clinical reasoning involves critical thinking and decision-making in clinical situations. It can be evaluated using Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), which measures clinical skills associated with the development of clinical reasoning.
Objective: To describe the implementation of an OSCE to evaluate the clinical skills associated with the development of clinical reasoning in physical therapy students, and to determine their level of satisfaction with this strategy.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 159 physiotherapy students from Universidad Andres Bello, Chile, enrolled in the Reasoning in Physical therapy course. The OSCE had 11 stations and a student satisfaction survey was administered. Data normality was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics (percentages, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQR)) were used for data analysis.
Results: The median global score was 142 points (IQR:132-150) and 61.1% of the students obtained a passing score (≥ 134 points). Stations in which most students had a passing score were S3, S5 and S7 (with standardized patients): 78.62%, 96.85% and 85.53%, respectively. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 36.48% and 59.12% of the students agreed and strongly agreed with using tools that assess their clinical skills.
Conclusions: The OSCE was successfully designed and implemented to evaluate the clinical skills associated with the the development of clinical reasoning in the study population, and most of them reported a high level of satisfaction with its use; this confirms OSCE is an excellent methodology to train and evaluate physical therapy students.
Comparación de diferentes definiciones de síndrome metabólico y su relación con la estimación del riesgo cardiovascular
Authors: Roca-Sánchez-Moreno Jorge David , Soto Alonso , Núñez-Muñoz Alison Liz , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony Alberto , Quiñones-Laveriano Dante Manuel
Published: July 2021

Introducción. En Perú se usan múltiples definiciones de síndrome metabólico (SM); sin embargo, actualmente no hay un consenso sobre cuál definición usar en la práctica clínica.
Objetivos. Comparar las estimaciones de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), obtenidas mediante la calculadora de RCV de la ACC/AHA, y evaluar su grado de concordancia con diferentes definiciones de SM en pacientes atendidos en Lima, Perú.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico. Se revisaron las historias clínicas, obtenidas por muestreo consecutivo, de 233 pacientes atendidos entre octubre y diciembre de 2019 en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue (HNHU), Lima, Perú. El RCV se calculó mediante la calculadora virtual de RCV de la ACC/AHA y se consideraron las definiciones de SM de la OMS, NCEP-ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS y ALAD para comparar el RCV según cada definición. La concordancia entre las distintas definiciones de SM se calculó mediante el coeficiente kappa con base en los seis niveles de fuerza de concordancia de Landis y Koch.  
Resultados. Las medianas de RCV en pacientes con SM según las definiciones de la OMS, NCEP-ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, ALAD y JIS fueron 9.6 (3.9-20.35), 7.9 (3.1-18.6), 7.3 (3-16.5), 7.8 (3-17.6), 7.1 (2.9-16.5), y 7.1 (3.1-16.5), respectivamente. La prevalencia de SM según las definiciones JIS, IDF, ALAD, AHA/NHLBI, NCEP-ATP III y OMS fue 81.97%, 80.26%, 74.68%, 67.81%, 65.67% y 51.14%, respectivamente. La concordancia entre los criterios de JIS y los de IDF, ALAD, NCEP-ATP III y AHA/NHLBI fue 0.944, 0.787, 0.592 y 0.567, respectivamente, pero entre los de JIS y OMS, 0.286.
Conclusiones. Existen diferencias entre las estimaciones de RCV según las distintas definiciones de SM usadas en Perú y consideradas en el presente estudio, lo que puede tener repercusiones en la intensidad de las intervenciones terapéuticas y preventivas realizadas en estos pacientes.
The role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of behavioral addictions: Two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Cuppone D. , Gómez Pérez L.J. , Cardullo S. , Cellini N. , Sarlo M. , Soldatesca S. , Chindamo S. , Madeo G. , Gallimberti L.
Published: July 2021

Background

Several behaviors, besides consumption of psychoactive substances, produce short-term reward that may lead to persistent aberrant behavior despite adverse consequences. Growing evidence suggests that these behaviors warrant consideration as nonsubstance or “behavioral” addictions, such as pathological gambling, internet gaming disorder and internet addiction.

Case presentation

Here, we report two cases of behavioral addictions (BA), compulsive sexual behavior disorder for online porn use and internet gaming disorder. A 57-years-old male referred a loss of control over his online pornography use, started 15 years before, while a 21-years-old male university student reported an excessive online gaming activity undermining his academic productivity and social life. Both patients underwent a high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) in a multidisciplinary therapeutic setting. A decrease of addictive symptoms and an improvement of executive control were observed in both cases.

Discussion

Starting from these clinical observations, we provide a systematic review of the literature suggesting that BAs share similar neurobiological mechanisms to those underlying substance use disorders (SUD). Moreover, we discuss whether neurocircuit-based interventions, such as rTMS, might represent a potential effective treatment for BAs.
Perempuan dan Kekerasan Prakriti: Resistensi Tokoh Mabel dalam Tanah Tabu Terhadap Budaya Patriarki dan Kapitalisme Freeport
Authors: Solichin Moh. Badrus , Sa’adah Nur Lailatus
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau peran dan posisi perempuan dalam Tanah Tabu. Dalam perspektif ekofeminisme tokoh-tokoh perempuan dalam novel terjebak dalam belenggu ganda, yakni budaya patriarki dan rantai kapitalisme. Ekofeminisme memiliki aspirasi sehubungan dengan isu-isu lingkungan hidup yang terintimidasi ideologi berwawasan kekerasan yang bercorak patrialkal. Melalui sudut pandang, ekofeminisme melihat keberadaan bumi telah teraniyaya oleh develomentalisme dan kapitalisme. Ekofeminisme menempatkan kaum perempuan sebagai korban sekaligus pelaku perlawanan dari kaki tangan maskulinitas, yang dalam konteks ini tercermin dari laki-laki suku Dani serta Freeport. Kehadiran perusahaan tambang emas ini dianggap telah mengeksploitasi alam Lembah Baliem, yang menjadi sumber utama mata pencaharian kaum perempuan suku Dani. Hasil temuan yang didapatkan yakni ekofeminisme menempatkan tokoh perempuan sebagai korban sekaligus pelaku perlawanan. Kedomestikan perempuan terhadap urusan rumah tangga, keluarga dan alam secara alamiah memposisikan hal tersebut. Tokoh perempuan sebagai pelaku perlawanan tersaji pada ketidakadilan membangkitkan perlawanan; figur suami bertopeng patriarki; melawan kapitalisme Freeport.
«Сelebrate the Last Anniversary»: Akhmatova’s Anniversaries in the Reception of the Following Generations
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Menshchikova A. M.
Published: July 2021

In this article, the author attempts to trace the transformation of Anna Akhmatova’s image and status in the context of the changing social and cultural situation as well as the change of the generation of readers during the period between the poet’s centenary in 1989 and her anniversaries in the 21st century. Establishing correlation between the selection of material that is related to the posthumous fate of the image of “a great Russian poet” with the author’s individual framework allows to make conclusions about the main changes in Akhmatova’s reception within the last 30 years using bibliography, websites and her portrayal in films.
“I'm Looking Outside the Window When the Mountains Begin”: the Genre of the Book “A Trip to the Urals” by Elizabeth Polonskaya
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Podlubnova Yu. S. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of RAS
Published: July 2021

The article examines the genre originality of the book “A Trip to the Urals” by E. G. Polonskaya, written as a result of the writer’s business trip to Sverdlovsk and the Ural Region, while working as a reporter for Leningradskaya Pravda in 1926. “A trip to the Urals”, which first came into the focus of close research attention, is perceived a journalistic text created in the era of Soviet construction, reconstruction of factories and cities. EG Polonskaya succeeds in capturing not just the restoration of production after the Civil War, but proceeding to fixing “our achievements”; the scale of her vision in many ways anticipated a new era — industrialization. The article concludes that in terms of genre, the book continued the traditions of travel literature and became the Soviet version of the travel guide, consisting of a compilation of travel notes, a feuilleton and production essays.
The Study of the Feelings of Subjective Loneliness and Psychological Internet and Social Media Addiction Among Students
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Lyubyakin A. A. , Sokolov V. A. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: July 2021

The article describes the results of a study on a student sample of the relationship between the feelings of subjective loneliness and Internet and social media addiction. In the article are used following diagnostic methods: «Differential questionnaire of the experience of loneliness (DOPO-3)», «Methodology for assessing changes in psychological boundaries when using technical means (MIG-TS-2)», «The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 3 (GPIUS-3)». As a result of the study it was found the link between indicators of feelings of subjective loneliness and indicators of psychological Internet and social media addiction.
The Mask Explains the World. Review of: Kirillova N. B. The cult of the mask: a historical context. — Yekaterinburg : Ural University Press, 2020. — 324 p.
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Myasnikova М. А.
Published: July 2021

The article is a review of the book by N. B. Kirillova, the Doctor of Cultural Studies, Professor, Head of the Department of Cultural Studies and Socio-Cultural Activities of the Ural Federal University. The book was published by the Publishing House of this university at the very end of 2020. The object of the research is a mask, the main ability of which, according to the author of the analysed scientific publication, is the ability to be a mediator between an individual and society.
Abortion and the COVID-19 pandemic: insights for Latin America
Authors: Pilecco Flávia Bulegon , McCallum Cecilia Anne , Almeida Maria da Conceição Chagas de , Alves Flávia Jôse Oliveira , Rocha Aline dos Santos , Ortelan Naiá , Gabrielli Lígia , Menezes Greice Maria de Souza
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic may accentuate existing problems, hindering access to legal abortion, with a consequent increase in unsafe abortions. This scenario may be even worse in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Latin America, where abortion laws are already restrictive and access to services is already hampered. Our objective was to understand how different countries, with an emphasis on Latin Americans, have dealt with legal abortion services in the context of the COVID-19. Thus, we conducted a narrative review on abortion and COVID-19. The 75 articles included, plus other relevant references, indicate that the pandemic affects sexual and reproductive health services by amplifying existing problems and restricting access to reproductive rights, such as legal abortion. This impact may be even stronger in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Latin America, where access to legal abortion is normally restricted. The revision of sources in this article underlines the urgent need to maintain legal abortion services, both from women’s perspective, in support of their reproductive rights, but also from that of the international commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Thereby, Latin American countries must place reproductive rights as a priority on their agendas and adapt legislation to accommodate alternative models of abortion care. Furthermore, our results underscore the need for clear information on the functioning of sexual and reproductive health services as essential for understanding the impact of the pandemic on legal abortion and to identify the groups most affected by the changes.
Hospitais seguros em desastres: demandas e tecnologias voltadas à redução de riscos
Authors: Cardoso Roberto Braz da Silva , Oliveira Alexandre Barbosa de
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Ensaio que objetivou analisar a política de ‘Hospitais Seguros Frente a Desastres’ desenvolvida pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. O estudo discute a importância da interdisciplinaridade e interprofissionalidade na gestão de risco de desastres e traz o Indice de Seguridad Hospitalaria (ISH) como uma tecnologia que, aplicada aos estabelecimentos de saúde, permite o monitoramento contínuo de seu nível de segurança. O ensaio está estruturado em três partes: a primeira aborda o conceito hospitais seguros e as tipologias de vulnerabilidades de estabelecimentos de saúde a desastres; a segunda trata da política de ‘Hospitais Seguros Frente a Desastres’ no cenário brasileiro; e a terceira apresenta o ISH como tecnologia para a gestão de riscos de desastres. Adiante, destaca a importância capital do setor saúde no contexto social, recomendando que estratégias e ações sejam desenvolvidas para seu pleno e contínuo funcionamento, particularmente no momento em que a população mais precisa buscar o socorro nas unidades de saúde. Conclui-se que o tema ‘Hospitais Seguros frente a Desastres’ precisa estar fundamentado na mais ampla discussão interdisciplinar, em práticas interprofissionais colaborativas e na efetiva participação da sociedade, com vistas à consolidação da cultura de segurança em estabelecimentos de saúde no Brasil.
Emergência em saúde pública por inundações: a atuação do Ministério da Saúde em ocorrências no Brasil de 2004 a 2017
Authors: Silva Eliane Lima e , Resende Rodrigo Matias de Sousa , Frutuoso Rodrigo Lins , Bezerra Amarílis Bahia , Salvi Barbara Bresani , Rohlfs Daniela Buosi
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Este artigo teve por objetivos contextualizar os impactos das inundações na saúde e analisar relatórios do Centro de Operações de Emergência em Saúde, mobilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), para monitoramento federal desses eventos no Brasil, de 2004 a 2017. Para isso, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico e documental, incluindo relatórios do MS sobre inundações, e feita análise de dados do Sistema Integrado de Informações sobre Desastres, da Defesa Civil, no referido período. Verificou-se que as inundações atingiram todas as regiões brasileiras, com eventos críticos em 2004, 2009, 2010 e 2011. O MS atuou em nove ocorrências, e essa experiência subsidiou o estabelecimento da estratégia de preparação e resposta, incluindo Comitês de Saúde em Desastres, documentos e normativas para orientar a atividade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na atuação em desastres hidrológicos. Inundações de grande magnitude exigem resposta rápida, e isso prescinde de preparação prévia. O MS avançou nas articulações intersetoriais e interinstitucionais, no entanto, dotar o SUS municipal da capacidade necessária para atuação oportuna apresenta-se ainda como um desafio a ser superado.
Segurança de barragens e os riscos potenciais à saúde pública
Authors: Silva Eliane Lima e , Silva Mariano Andrade da
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Este artigo visou refletir sobre a implementação e a efetividade da Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens (PNSB) e sobre as ações de redução do risco de desastres no contexto da saúde pública. As barragens podem ter diversos usos, e seu rompimento causa danos sociais, ambientais e sanitários de grande dimensão que perduram ao longo do tempo. O estudo foi realizado a partir de revisão da literatura e análise de dados do cadastro de barragens no Brasil de 2017. Hoje, não se sabe o quantitativo de barragens existentes nem as reais estatísticas das ocorrências de incidentes/acidentes por danos ou colapso das estruturas. São vários os atores envolvidos no processo de segurança de barragens, e 43 órgãos têm a atribuição de fiscalizar mais de 24 mil barragens cadastradas no Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Segurança de Barragens, em que 76% dos registros não possuem informações suficientes para definir sua submissão à PNSB. Os impactos sobre a saúde, pessoas e serviços são diversos, diretos e indiretos. Assim, o trabalho procura demostrar que a PNSB é um dispositivo com potencialidade mudar o cenário de gestão de risco de desastre, e sua efetiva implementação promoverá a redução das incertezas quanto ao risco à população.
Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure
Authors: Rosa Daniela B.S.K. , Veado Júlio C.C. , Ceregatti Mariah G. , Favato Juliana A. , Pessoa Ana C.M. , Silva Karina R. , Coelho Nathália G.D. , Leme Fabiola O.P.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT: Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.
Equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3: a report of an outbreak in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Filho Givaldo B. , Bom Hisadora A.S.C , Fonseca Silvio M.C. , Costa Érica A. , Santos Beatriz S.A.S. , Santos Renato L. , Souza Francisco A.L. , Evêncio Neto Joaquim , Mendonça Fábio S.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT: Equine coital exanthema is a venereal infectious disease poorly reported in horses in Brazil and was never described in the northeastern region of the country. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3, occurred in a herd of horses at the semiarid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Main clinical signs consisted of anorexia, hiporexia, fibrinous or purulent secretion in the penis mucosa and vagina. Two mares presented mild to minimal lesions that consisted of scars in the mucosa of the vagina and in the perivulvar region. In a stallion the disease consisted of severe, multifocal, umbilicated-exanthematous ulcers of approximately 1cm in diameter on the penis mucosa. Other areas where ulcers and crusts were focally observed included the skin of the scrotum and on the lips and mucocutaneous junctions of the oral cavity. Histologically, the main lesion consisted of multifocal severe ulcerative and fibrinous necrotizing balanoposthitis and mild multifocal necrotizing, lymphocytic dermatitis in the lips and scrotum. The equide alphaherpesvirus 3 DNA was amplified in blood samples and penis mucosa using the PCR technique. This is the first report of molecular diagnosis of equine coital exanthema affecting horses in northeastern Brazil. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the epidemiology and the importance of this herpetic disease in the country.
Post-tracheostomy tracheoinnominate fistula: endovascular treatment
Authors: Jesus Lisieux Eyer de , Silva Eduardo Wagner Guimarães Marques da , Balieiro Marcos , Feldman Karen , Dekermacher Samuel
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: Tracheoinnominate fistula (TIF) is a rare and frequently lethal complication of tracheostomies. Immediate bleeding control and surgical treatment are essential to avoid death. This report describes the successful endovascular treatment of TIF in a preschooler and reviews the literature concerning epidemiology, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of TIF in pediatric patients. Case description: A tracheostomized neurologically impaired bed-ridden three-year-old girl was admitted to treat an episode of tracheitis. Tracheostomy had been performed two years before. The child used a plastic cuffed tube continually inflated at low pressure. The patient presented two self-limited bleeding episodes through the tracheostomy in a 48h interval. A new episode was suggestive of arterial bleeding, immediately leading to a provisional diagnosis of TIF, which was confirmed by angiotomography, affecting the bifurcation of the innominate artery and the right tracheal wall. The patient was immediately treated by the endovascular placement of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/nitinol stents in Y configuration. No recurrent TIF, neurological problems, or right arm ischemia have been detected in the follow-up. Comments: TIF must be suspected after any significant bleeding from the tracheostoma. Endovascular techniques may provide rapid bleeding control with low morbidity, but they are limited to a few case reports in pediatric patients, all of them addressing adolescents. Long-term follow-up is needed to detect whether stent-related vascular complications will occur with growth.
Management of an infant with epidermolysis bullosa on invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Fernandes Junior Fabiola , Pinheiro Luanda Bruno , Nascimento Milena Siciliano , Prado Cristiane do
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe, for the first time in the pediatric population, the use of an effective technique to mobilize secretion in a patient whose disease imposes many care limitations. Case description: 2-year-old infant with Epidermolysis Bullosa, dependent on mechanical ventilation after cardiorespiratory arrest. Infant evolved with atelectasis in the right upper lobe with restriction to all manual secretion mobilization techniques due to the risk of worsening skin lesions. We opted for tracheal aspiration in a closed system combined with expiratory pause, a technique only described in adult patients so far. Comments: This case report is the first to use this technique in a pediatric patient. The use of expiratory pause combined with tracheal aspiration not only optimized the mobilization of secretion, but it was also a safe tool for reversing atelectasis. Our case report brings an important result because it increases the possibilities of managing pediatric patients admitted to intensive care units, especially in situations of absolute contraindication for chest maneuvers.
Renin angiotensin system molecules and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Schettini Isabella Viana Gomes , Faria Débora Vargas , Nogueira Leilismara Sousa , Otoni Alba , Silva Ana Cristina Simões e , Rios Danyelle Romana Alves
Published: July 2021

Abstract Introduction: Studies have shown that the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and inflammation are related to kidney injury progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate RAAS molecules and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in 82 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: patients diagnosed with CKD and patients without a CKD diagnosis. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) were determined, as well as plasma levels of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)1, ACE2, and plasma and urinary levels of CCL2. Results: CCL2 plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with CKD compared to the control group. Patients with lower GFR had higher plasma levels of ACE2 and CCL2 and lower ratio ACE1/ACE2. Patients with higher ACR values had higher ACE1 plasma levels. Conclusion: Patients with CKD showed greater activity of both RAAS axes, the classic and alternative, and higher plasma levels of CCL2. Therefore, plasma levels of RAAS molecules and CCL2 seem to be promising prognostic markers and even therapeutic targets for CKD.
Covid-19: um novo fenômeno de representações sociais para a equipe de enfermagem na terapia intensiva
Authors: Almeida Rosa Maria Ferreira de , Antunes Lucas Malta Souza , Barros Fabiana de Mello , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre a COVID-19 como um fenômeno de representações sociais para a equipe de enfermagem da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, analisando as implicações dessa compreensão teórica no delineamento das práticas sociais de tais profissionais. Método estudo teórico-reflexivo, pautado no referencial das representações sociais. Captaram-se artigos científicos, livros e dados oficiais sobre a COVID-19; posteriormente, procedeu-se o aprofundamento reflexivo com base nos preceitos da teoria. Desenvolvimento a COVID-19 vem apresentando um forte impacto no cuidado de enfermagem na terapia intensiva. O atendimento dos critérios das representações sociais: da relevância, da prática, do consenso e da afiliação; as dimensões dos afetos, imagética e das práticas sociais mobilizadas na construção social desse fenômeno; e as características do cotidiano da pertença social da equipe de enfermagem atuante na terapia intensiva diante dos pacientes com a COVID-19 foram os argumentos teóricos que sustentaram a defesa de que a COVID-19 é um fenômeno de representação social para esse grupo social. Conclusão e implicações para a prática estudos das representações sociais desses profissionais sobre a COVID-19 podem subsidiar a proposição de tecnologias de cuidado-educação que qualifiquem a sua atuação no atendimento aos pacientes críticos com a COVID-19.
Assessing the vigor of cowpea seeds using the Vigor-S software
Authors: Rego Carlos Henrique Queiroz , Cicero Silvio Moure , França-Silva Fabiano , Guilhien Gomes-Junior Francisco
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The use of computational resources to assess the physiological potential of seeds has attracted the attention of researchers and professionals in the seed sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vigor of cowpea seeds using the Vigor-S software (Automated Seed Vigor Analysis System), in comparison to the information provided by traditional vigor tests that are recommended for the species. Seven seed lots of the cultivar BRS Guariba were used. They underwent germination and seed vigor assessment by testing first germination count, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, speed of seedling emergence and use of Vigor-S, an automated image system for seedling assessment, in two evaluation periods. The data underwent analysis of variance, in a completely randomized design and their means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). An analysis was made of the correlation between the vigor tests traditionally used and the variables provided by Vigor-S. Using the Vigor-S software for automated image analysis of cowpea seedlings three days after sowing is an efficient alternative to detect differences in vigor between seed lots, similarly to traditional seed vigor evaluations.
Physiological potential of green bean seeds treated with Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ibanhes Neto Helio Fernandes , Silva Ananda Covre da , Sumida Ciro Hideki , Gouveia Marjori dos Santos , Pellizzaro Verônica , Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The association between beneficial microorganisms and green beans can accelerate establishment in the field. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seed treatments in different doses of Bacillus subtilis on the physiological potential of green beans. Seeds from the cultivar Macarrão Baixo were used. The study used a completely randomized design in a double factorial scheme with factor A in the treatments: Pelliculation (PC), Pelliculation with Drying (PCD), Pre-Imbibition (PI), Biopriming (BP); factor B, doses of B. subtilis: 0; 7; 14 and 28 mL of a commercial product.kg of seed-1, and a control. The following treatments were applied: moisture content analysis, first count and final germination, electrical conductivity, length, fresh and dry seedling weight, speed index, and final emergence. Analysis of variance was applied to the data and when significant, it was compared using Tukey’s test and polynomial regression; for the absolute control, orthogonal contrast was applied, with p < 0.05 for all analyses. The treatments did not impair seed viability. Vigor benefited with the use of PI and doses between 16 and 20 mL of p.c.kg of seed-1. PI alone had the best performance. Biopriming, associated with B. subtilis, favors the vigor of green beans.
Optimum conditions for seed propagation of Garcinia brasiliensis: mimicking natural habitats allows better results
Authors: Cardoso Amanda A. , Barbosa Sandro , Santos Breno R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Garcinia brasiliensis is a tropical tree species of economic importance to local populations in the Amazon and Atlantic forests. The plant propagation of this species occurs mostly through seeds and despite that very little information about seedling emergence and growth is currently available. Here we assessed basic information on the seed and seedling ecophysiology of G. brasiliensis aiming at providing key details for seed propagation. Seeds are large and contain high levels of water when recently collected (c. 50%). Seed storage, especially under low temperature, resulted in very low seedling emergence. Fruit storage at c. 25 °C, on the other hand, was demonstrated to be the best option for maintaining seed viability in the short term. Removal of the seed coat considerably hastened and increased the percentage emergence of seedlings, despite the light condition. Similarly, a higher percentage and index of seedling emergence was observed under 35 °C over 25 °C, despite the substrate. Amongst all the substrates tested, sand resulted in lower seedling emergence. Cultivating seedlings in vermiculate and at 25 °C provided the best condition for root and shoot growth. Ideal conditions of light and temperature for seedling emergence and development mirror the environmental conditions under which plants of G. brasiliensis establish in nature.