The Role of the Autobiographical Chronotope in Reflecting the Worldview of the Writers of the “Second Wave” of Russian Emigration
Authors: Баронова М.О. 
Published: June 2023

В статье исследуется творчество авторов «второй волны» эмиграции: Л. Ржевского, Б. Филиппова, С. Максимова, Г. Климова, В. Юрасова, Т. Фесенко – с целью выявления типологических особенностей их произведений. Основой при этом выступает понятие «автобиографического хронотопа» – личностной включенности автора в художественное пространство и время произведений. Выявлено значение образов пространства, связанных с названиями населенных пунктов (столиц, малых городов), в произведениях представителей «второй волны». Раскрыта роль хронотопа дороги в передаче философского восприятия окружающей действительности данных авторов, в формировании дуальной картины мира путем использования бинарной оппозиции понятий «Родина» и «Чужбина». Приведены аспекты влияния категорий пространства и времени на раскрытие диалектических особенностей творчества; сделаны выводы об инкорпорировании представителей «второй волны» эмиграции как в культуру русского зарубежья, так и в культурное наследие метрополии – России.

The aim of the study is to identify the typological features of the prose of the Russian “second wave” emigration representatives through the concept “autobiographical chronotope”, which characterizes the writer’s personal involvement in the artistic space and time of their works. The author presents the results of the analysis of the methods and tasks of using the categories of real and abstract space, real and artistic time in the works of Leonid Rzhevsky, Boris Filippov, Sergei Maksimov, Grigory Klimov, Vladimir Yurasov, and Tatyana Fesenko. The methodological approach applied in the course of the study is determined by Mikhail Bakhtin’s views and his classification of cultural chronotopes; the axiological method is used. The author determined the significance of the categories of space and time in the works of the writers of the “second wave” of Russian emigration and their influence on the creation of a dual picture of the worldview through the opposition of the concepts “Motherland” and “Outland”. She revealed that in the works of the representatives of the “second wave” space is often associated with the names of geographical objects in the meaning of “small Motherland”, which allows drawing conclusions about the symbiotic spiritual connection of the representatives of the “second wave” of Russian emigration with Russia. Geographical names associated with the image of the Outland are associated with spiritual freedom and serve as an antithesis of forced repatriation. The author emphasizes that the continuum of time in the works of the “second wave” writers is divided into the past, present and future, and thus two categories of time arise: real and artistic, helping to convey the dialectic of the characters’ souls. Particular attention is paid to the study of the role of the chronotope of the road in the transfer of the philosophical worldview of the “second wave” writers. A number of features inherent in their works were noted: (1) the emphasized biographical nature of the works; (2) the themes of the works, including the comprehension of the events of the Great Patriotic War, political repressions and the situation of the authors in DP camps; (3) a typification technique that demonstrates the precedent unity of the subjects of Russian culture abroad; (4) the dual nature of the image of Russia as the leitmotif of the works of representatives of the “second wave” of emigration.