bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of Lumpy Skin Disease in Dairy Cow
Authors: Falowo O D , Owolabi J A , Oludoun O Y , Akingbade R
Published: August 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a threatnening disease caused by virus that affects large ruminant animals mainly cattle. LSD is native in many African and Asian countries, having existed for over one hundred years in Africa where it originally started and has recently expanded to the Middle East region. A disease model consisting of six-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations was formulated to properly understand the spread and control of LSD. The classes considered includes the susceptible cow, vaccinated cow, infectious cow, recovered cow, susceptible mosquito and infectious mosquito. This paper captures two modes of transmission of the disease, direct contact and contact through mosquito bites. Inclusion of vaccination parameter makes this model different from existing literature. We show the model is well-posed through positivity and boundedness of the state variables. The basic reproduction number R0 of the model was derived and the disease-free equilibrium points was shown to be locally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1. Sensitivity analysis to identify the most sensitive parameters was conducted and the vaccination parameter was varied using matplotlib module in Python to check the effect of vaccination on both vaccinated and infectious cow. Increase in the vaccination parameter cause the number of vaccinated cow to increase and hence leads to reduction in the number of infected cow.
Transmission Analysis of Salmonella Dublin of Diary Calves
Authors: Oludoun O Y , Adeniyi M O , Ogunlaran O M , Akinola E I , Abiodun O E
Published: August 2023

Salmonellosis is an extremely contagious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella which affects both humans and animals. Salmonella is a cause for concern in the cattle business because it is a zoonotic disease that can cause serious invasive infections in people and besides, infected herds suffer economic and welfare losses. Consequently, a SIRB (Susceptible - Infected - Recovered-Bacteria) model is being constructed to study the transmission process of the Salmonella Dublin disease in a diary calf. The associated basic reproduction number and stability theory are used to investigate the stability analysis of the model equilibrium points. Numerical simulations was carried out to investigate the effect of the sensitive parameters on the basic reproduction number R
0. Also, the impact of environmental bacteria on Salmonella transmisssion dynamics and the eradication threshold was shown to help reduce the spread of the disease.
Effect of selected plant extracts on phytochemical, antioxidant, physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt
Authors: Makinde F M , Afolabi M O , Ajayi O A , Olatunji O M , Eze E E
Published: August 2023

Health conscious consumers are investing in food products containing functional ingredients. The study investigates the effect of addition of selected plant extracts on phytochemical, antioxidant activity, physicochemical and consumer acceptability of yoghurt. Yoghurts were produced from 70% raw cow milk and 30% skimmed milk powder with 10% (v/v) of Cymbopogon citratus leaf, Carica papaya leaf, Sorghum bicolour stalk or Ocimum gratisimum infusion added before the fermentation stage. The yoghurt sample without the infusion served as the control. The yoghurt samples were analysed 1 day after production for phytochemical and antioxidant properties and after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of refrigeration at 4°C for titratable acidity, pH, syneresis, colour and sensorial quality using standard methods. Total polyphenol content ranged from 0.04 to 0.12 mg GAE/100mL and alkaloid content ranged from 1.25% to 3.36% with the least value reported in the control sample, respectively. Similarly, antioxidant activity ranged from 13.88% to 45.74% with the highest value in yoghurt with the pawpaw leaf extract. The addition of various plant extracts resulted in lower pH, increased syneresis but no effect on the titratable acidity during storage period. The colour attributes (L*, a*, b*) showed significant differences (p≤0.05) among the samples over the storage period. Considering overall consumer acceptability, the control sample was most preferred. Functional milk product has potential to expand the application of endangered species of plant food material in the dairy industry.
Temperature Forecasting for Iwo City, Nigeria Using Statistical Models and Selected Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Aweda Francis O. , Adeola Solomon O. , Adeniji Adetunji A. , Adebayo Segun , Akinpelu Jacob A. , Jegede Olusanya O.
Published: August 2023

Time series modeling and forecasting using a machine learning algorithm approach for Iwo City, a western city in Nigeria, is a technique used to forecast the future occurrence of diverse data for the study. The purpose of this study is to use time series models and some machine learning approaches to predict the temperature in the future for climate change. The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) Web service provided the information used in this study. The dataset underwent training and testing in an 80/20 per cent manner. Using seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and twenty-four (24) different Machine Learning algorithms of regression performance of the temperature, future predictions of Iwo station, were made using training data that spans the years 1980 to 2012 and test data that spans the years 2013 to 2021. The results reveal that the standard deviation value ranges from 2.4×10-05 to 0.031, while the optimum model for the SARIMA (1, 0, 0) and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) spans from 961.090 to 1341.831. Furthermore, the results of the statistical analysis show that the maximum average temperature recorded in April was 303.68K, the minimum temperature recorded in January was 293.23K with a maximum standard deviation of 1.84 in February, and the minimum standard deviation for the temperature was 0.42 in September. For the machine learning algorithm, Exponential GPR shows the highest R2 of 0.19 while the least Ensemble Boosted Trees (R2= -46.24). In terms of the forecasting performance of these machine learning algorithms based on RMSE, the best forecasting model was Medium Neural Network (RMSE = 1.8112). The result also reveals that Fine Gaussian gave the least MAE = 1.19, while the least MSE = 2.7534 meaning that these machine learning algorithms outperformed other models. As a result, the report recommends that Nigerian meteorological management establishes additional research centers to collect data and conduct research.
Biomass and phycocyanin production from microalgae Spirulina platensis using POME slurry waste
Authors: Astriandari A , Syamsu K , Setyaningsih D
Published: August 2023

Microalgae cultivation medium was an important component which is related to the economic aspects and its effects on cell life in culture. Synthetic medium was widely used but because of its less economical, its necessary to look for alternative substitute medium. This alternative substitute medium could come from industrial and household waste. Some organic medium for microalgae cultivation of Spirulina platensis have been widely studied. One source of organic waste from other industries is derived from oil palm such as POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) Slurry waste. Spirulina platensis known as one of microalgae which have high protein component on biomass and phycocyanin as biopigment. Biomass and pigment production is influenced by the medium and photoperiod. The research objective was to determine the influence of medium (Walne as synthetic medium and Slurry POME as organic medium) and photoperiod culture to productivity of biomass and phycocyanin. Result of this research is POME Slurry medium has a fairly good ability and could competes with Walne for the production of biomass and phycocyanin so that it can be used as an alternative medium.
Life support systems and aquatic communities in public aquariums
Authors: Prasetiawan N R , Kurniasih R A , Ma’muri  , Setiawan A , Bramawanto R , Mulyadi U , Nugraha A R
Published: August 2023

The Pangandaran Integrated Aquarium and Marine Research Institute (PIAMARI) was developed in Pangandaran, and is equipped with public aquarium facilities. The Main Aquarium is an oceanarium in the form of a box, with a volume of 1.238 million liters, and accommodates various marine biota. This paper aims to provide an overview of the life support system used and the aquatic communities in the Main Aquarium. An inventory of principal components and equipment, the composition of biota, plankton, and ectoparasites was conducted in the oceanarium. The Main Aquarium is supported by filtration using a sand filter, protein skimmer, and an ozone generator. Water quality is maintained using the filtration combined with partial water changes. There are nine species of fish, including sharks and rays, and two species of turtles that are kept in the oceanarium, where most of the collections are omnivores, with IUCN LC conservation status and the rest NT to CR. Seven plankton genera were identified in the oceanarium (H’:1.78 and E: 0.90). There wasCryptocaryonectoparasite infestation on the gills and skin ofTrachinotus blochiiwith open lesions. Fish collections show different behavior and consume the fresh and artificial feed. Apart from being an edu-tourism facility, the oceanarium can act as a place for living and ex-situ culture for endangered marine biota.
Study of ammonia removal in aquaponic system with Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica chinensis (var. parachinensis)) and mechanical filter for tilapia cultivation
Authors: Mahabror D , Zulkarnain R
Published: August 2023

Water quality is one of the important factors to increase the success of fish farming production apart from disease factors and fish seed quality. Oreochromis niloticus or commonly called tilapia is one of the fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The challenges of increasing intensive aquaculture production are stocking density and high protein feed while maintaining good water quality. High stocking densities and high protein feed can increase ammonia in the water which can cause death in fish, for that some quality control of aquaculture can be done, namely using mechanical filters (Granular activated carbon and biofoam) and aquaponic. The difference between these two methods was in the media used, mechanical filters used granular activated carbon and biofoam, while aquaponics used Chinese flowering cabbage (caisin) (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). To determine the effectiveness of reducing ammonia from the two methods, this study will compare water quality parameters with mechanical filters and aquaponic filter methods by using plant medi, namely (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). This research was conducted for 30 days to measure several water quality parameters including temperature, DO, pH, TDS and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The results during the study showed that the recirculating aquaponic system was better than the recirculating system with a mechanical filter (Granular activated carbon and biofoam) for SR, FCR and TDS parameters while the temperature, pH, DO and TAN parameters for 30 days were not much different between the recirculating aquaponic system and the recirculating system using a mechanical filter (Granular activated carbon and biofoam).
Sustainable stingray stock (Dasyatis sp.) in Malacca Strait, Serdang Bedagai Regency
Authors: Manurung V R , Nasution S F P , Hasibuan J S , Fadhilah A , Husaini H
Published: August 2023

Sustainable stingray stock catches and increasing the potential that these fish populations may become overfished this may have a negative impact on the size of fish stocks. In order to estimate stock models and prospective resources of stingrays in the seas of the Malacca Strait, the descriptive technique was utilized to collect secondary data. The necessary to conduct stock dynamics research that examines the exploitation rate of stingrays. Based on the Schaefer model, obtained the value of sustainable potential (MSY) for Stingray resources (Dasyatis sp.) at Tanjung Beringin fishing port of 37,24625 tons/year and the optimum effort value of 148,6119 trips/ years. The percentage of stingray resource utilization rate which landed in Tanjung Beringin TPI during the last 5 years has an average value of 0,925% and an effort level of 1,234%. TAC is 29,797 tons/year, shows that fishing can still be increased to get more optimal results. The value of the allowable catch must be below the MSY value which is 80%. The average allowable catch of stingray (Dasyatis sp.) is 80% of the MSY. This means that fishermen’s catches can still be optimized, but must not exceed MSY limit.
Effects of stocking densities on tilapia seed production under high salinity biofloc system
Authors: Nur A , Suryati  , Soetanti E , Suwoyo D , Purnomo S J , Soleh M
Published: August 2023

Provision of suitable technique for saline tilapia seed is required since demand of these species increased continuously. Most saline tilapia seed rely on sourcing freshwater fingerling and further acclimatized in brackishwater ponds. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of various fry densities on seed production parameters of tilapia under high salinity-biofloc system. Three fry densities being tested and cultured under biofloc technology (BFT) at salinity level above 20 ppt, such as: A (BFT 2.5 fry L−), B (BFT 5.0 fry L−), C (BFT 7.5 fry L−) and one treatment as control, D (Non-BFT 2.5 fry L−). The experimental set-up was completely random design and triplicated replications. Animals test were fed two times a day of 32% crude protein content and it was lasted for three weeks. Results from the experiment shown that treatment A (BFT 2.5 fry L−) performed best in term of biomass (18.00±3.61g), survival (98.00±2.00%), SGR (20.72±0.20% d−), FCR (1.72±0.38) and CF (1.59±0.17). An increasing stocking density up 7.5 fry L− will reduced survival rate, final individual weight and increased FCR. It can be concluded that production of tilapia seed at a density of 2.5 fry L− under BFT conditions performed healthy seed and best production parameters even reared at higher salinity.
Growth and quality performances of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) with different combinations of temperature and light parameters
Authors: Syahrul  , Supriyono E , Nirmala K , Lideman
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to analyze the optimal combination of temperature and light for the growth and quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD factorial) consisting of 2 factors (temperature and light) with three replications, which included a combination of temperature 28, 31, and 34 °C with light 50 and 100 photons (µmol m−2 s−1). The test object used was a seaweed seed weighing 50 g. The results showed that the S28C100 treatment gave the highest absolute weight growth value (P<0.05). The highest specific growth rate (SGR) was found in the S28C100 and S31C100 treatments, not significantly different between the two, respectively 3.77±0.058% and 3.03±0.12%. Treatment S31C50 followed by S31C100 gave the highest value for the carrageenan yield, but there was no significant difference between the two, respectively 15.505±0.71% and 13.965±0.26%. The combination of temperature and light in this study resulted in gel strength values of 922.150±234.26 to 1048.555±266.46 g.cm−2 but not significantly different between each treatment.
Effect of different forms of Carica papaya leaf processing techniques on growth, body indices and survival rate of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Somdare P O , Hamid N K A , Sul’ain M D
Published: August 2023

The use of natural products as additives in the production of aquaculture feed stimulates appetite, improves growth performance, and strengthens the immune defense mechanism in numerous aquaculture species. This study was conducted to determine the effect of various Carica papaya leaf processing techniques on the growth performance, body indices, and survival of red hybrid tilapia with an initial body weight of 2.371.0 ± 0.036 g. Four isonitrogenous (360.00 gkg−1) and isolipidic (80.00 gkg−1) diets were formulated and fed to red hybrid tilapia in triplicate groups for 12 weeks using a completely randomized experimental design. Papaya leaf inclusion in the formulated diets varied based on processing method: control (0%), commercial papaya leaf extract (1%), oven-dried papaya leaf powder (2%), and freeze-dried papaya leaf extract (2%). Regardless of processing method, the final weight of fish fed a diet containing papaya leaves was significantly greater (P 0.05) than that of the control group. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in growth performance between papaya leaf processing techniques. Similarly, the weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between groups supplemented with papaya leaf. In addition, the viscero-somatic index, hepato-somatic index, and survival rates were not affected (P > 0.05) by the different leaf processing techniques. Despite the fact that Carica papaya leaf processing techniques had no effect on the performance of Carica papaya leaves as functional feed additives, oven-drying is recommended due to the lower production cost. Similar to commercially produced and freeze-dried papaya leaf extracts, oven-dried papaya leaves containing 2% inclusion can be used as a dietary feed supplement in aquaculture.
Additional of coconut water and glycerol in sperm storage spermatozoa motility and viability of comet fish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Dewi C D , Izzah N , Mellisa S , Ismarica  , Perdana A W
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of giving coconut water and glycerol to comet fish (Carassius auratus) sperm storage on the motility, viability of comet fish (Carassius auratus) sperm and the degree of fertilization of comet fish eggs. This research was carried out at the Fish Hatchery Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This research method used was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with five replications, namely (P0) Sperm + 100% NaCl, (P1) Sperm + 50% coconut water + 50% glycerol, (P2) Sperm + 60% coconut water + 40% glycerol, and (P3) Sperm + 70% coconut water + 30% glycerol. The results showed that adding coconut water and glycerol to Storage of comet fish sperm had a significant effect (<0.05) on the value of motility and viability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the highest values of post-cryopreservation sperm motility and viability in comet fish in this study were found in the P2 treatment with a concentration of 60% d coconut water + 40% glycerol.
Benthic macroinvertebrates community in relation to environmental variables of the Cimandiri River and Estuary, Indonesia
Authors: Ibrahim A , Sudarso J , Imroatushshoolikhah I , Marwoto R M , Isnaningsih N R , Aisyah S , Triyanto T
Published: August 2023

Benthic macroinvertebrates, the community that lives in the river and coastal, play important role in the transfer of organic materials. This study aimed to determine the diversity of it in Cimandiri river and estuary. Also, to understand the relation between the community with environmental variables. The research was conducted in September and November 2020, which taken from 10 locations at Cimandiri waters. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using the Ekman grab sampler with three replications. Moreover, physicochemical parameters of water and sediment were measured. In general, about 35 taxa belonging to six Classes, including Gastropod, Bivalve, Insect, Malacostraca, Clitellata, and Polychaeta have been found during sampling. Furthermore, Stenelmis sp., one of Insects was predominant benthic invertebrates in the river, whereas Tarebia granifera predominated inhabit the estuary. Margalef richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the river area were about 2.69 and 1.47, while in the estuary was around 1.59 and 0.87. Canonical Correspondence Analysis shows that the number of individuals of 25 taxa tended to correlate with water temperature, TDS, salinity, total of nitrate (TN), total of phosphorus (TP), and total of organic matters (TOM). While, 10 other taxa correlated with pH, turbidity, dissolved of oxygen (DO), ammonia, and the total of suspended solids (TSS).
Population dynamics of thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) landed at the Kutaraja fishing port, Banda Aceh
Authors: Rahmah A , Rusmar R , Salmarika  , Chaliluddin M A , Rianjuanda D
Published: August 2023

At the Kutaraja Fishing Port, the shark species Alopias pelagicus accounts for the vast majority of shark catches. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the length distribution of A. pelagicus, the length at which it was first captured, the sex ratio, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters and functions, the mortality rate, and the exploitation rate. This study was carried out in the Kutaraja Fishing Port from December 2021 to February 2022. The incidental sampling method was used to collect 406 samples in total. The FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools were utilized to analyze population dynamics parameters. The male, female, and combined length distributions of A. pelagicus ranged from 186-295cmTL, 205-304cmTL, and 186-305cmTL, respectively. The length of the first capture was 249.40 cmTL, 252.29 cmTL and 250.78 cmTL, sex ratio of males and females is 1:2.24, the asymptotic length (L∞) was 344.25 cmTL, fish age at length 0 (t0) was 0.066/year, with a growth rate (k) of 0.50/year, 0.36/year dan 0.19/year, 374.83 cmTL and 378.92 cmTL, 0.058/year dan 0.048/year. Natural mortality (M) was assessed to be 0.59/year, 0.47/year, and 0.31/year, fishing mortality (F) was 2.08/year, 2.47/year, and 2.20/year, and total mortality (Z) was 2.67/year, 2.94/year, and 2.51/year. The A. pelagicus exploitation rate (E) was 0.78/year, 0.84/year, and 0.88/year, demonstrating complete exploitation of the male, female, and combined populations.
Domestication of Javaen Barb (Puntius orphoides) as Indonesian Endemic Fish: Breeding the Aquaculture Commodity Candidate to Increase Seed Productivity
Authors: Iskandar A , Carman O , Zairin M , Suprayudi M A , Winarto A , Effendi I , Sudrajat A O
Published: August 2023

Indonesia has a very high aquatic biodiversity, including local fish scattered in several areas. Currently, these resources are decreasing and even threatened with extinction if not noticing the environmental balance factor. Natural damages to the aquatic environment and increased fishing activity can cause the fish population and diversity to decline, even threatening the extinction of certain types of fish. Puntius ophoides is a commodity that has not yet developed its culture technology, so efforts are needed to investigate its reproductive biological aspects to encourage the culture development and maintain its sustainability level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSG hormone on the gonadal maturation pattern of this fish. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications, namely: 0 IU/kg, 5 IU/kg, 10 IU/kg, and 15 IU/kg body weight. The results showed that PMSG treatment at 10-15 IU/kg obtained the best performance compared to other treatments. PMSG hormone treatments could increase the gonadosomatic index (GSI) value by 15% compared to the control treatment. Increased hepatosomatic index (HSI) value was also shown at the end of the study with an average IHS value of 2%. This means that the PMSG hormone affects the vitellogenin production in the liver.
The effect of different spat collectors on attachment and growth of oyster spat (Crassostrea gigas) in Alue Naga
Authors: Rusydi I , Meldayani  , Rahimi S A E , Wulantari  , Aprilia  , Rianjuanda D , Melanie K , Akbar S A
Published: August 2023

Oyster (crassostrea gigas) is one of the potential bivalves that can be developed to increase economic income. One of the stages of how to cultivate oysters is the initial process of sticking oyster spats. This study aims to analyze the success of attachment and growth of oyster spats in each collector and the factors that influence the growth of Pacific oyster spats (crassostrea gigas) in each collector. the method used is the experimental method using a completely randomized design model (RAL) with 3 treatments, each treatment 3 times repetition. The collectors used are plastic fiber, coconut shell, and used tires. The results showed that the average adhesion in treatment a was 13.7% cover attachment, in treatment b had an average percentage of attachment of 6.8%, while in treatment c had a percentage of 10.12%. Pacific oyster spat size growth in treatment a has an average size of 1.1 cm, in treatment b has an average of 0.7 cm, and in treatment c has an average size of 0.8 cm.
Analysis of chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature, and sea surface salinity in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Hidayat M N , Wafdan R , Ikhwan M , Ramli M , Rizal S
Published: August 2023

The waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are influenced by the northeast monsoon (November-February) and the southwest monsoon (June-September). This study aims to determine the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) during January 2021 in the BoB. The method used in this study is the method of correlation analysis, hypothesis testing, and analysis of variance using monthly average data for January 2021. The data comes from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) portal. Our analysis showed that high Chl-a was inversely related to low SST and SSS conditions and vice versa. This finding confirms the results of other previous studies. Medium and negative correlations occurred for the Chl-a - SST and Chl-a - SSS pairs. Meanwhile, the SST- SSS pair shows a strong and positive correlation. The hypothesis test shows that the conclusions drawn from these correlation relationships are acceptable. Furthermore, from the analysis of variance obtained, it was found that Chl-a had a significant effect on variations in SST and SSS, while SST had a significant effect on variations in SSS.
Halmahera walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) in south Morotai, North Maluku and the importance of marine protected areas for endemic species conservation
Authors: Ichsan M , Bimantara H A , Pridina N , Wardhanie A N
Published: August 2023

In 2013, Allen et al. discovered the Halmahera walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) in North Maluku, Indonesia. The current known distribution of this species is within Halmahera Island and surrounding islands, such as Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Morotai. This study discussed the records history of the species on Morotai Island and the risk faced by this species. Where recently, one individual of this species was recorded opportunistically during SCUBA Diving activity in April 2022 in Southern Morotai, one of Indonesia’s most well-known marine tourism sites for shark diving. Understanding the species distribution, habitat, and behaviour within this area is essential for improving conservation and tourism management, especially for endemic shark species with a limited habitat range.
The Variability of Sedimentary Carbon Stock in Seagrass Ecosystem in Central Tapanuli, Indonesia
Authors: Khairunnisa K , Harahap Z A , Farahisah H
Published: August 2023

Blue carbon is a term to underline coastal ecosystem such as mangrove, seagrass, and tidal marshes capability as carbon sequestration where the organic carbon that stored in coastal sediment is greater than the organic carbon in living biomass. This study analysed the variability of sediment carbon stock in seagrass ecosystem in Central Tapanuli, Indonesia. LOI method was used to determine the carbon stock. Regression analysis showed that depth, and dry bulk density strongly influence the sedimen carbon stock in seagrass ecosystem (R2 = 0.77 in Hajoran and R2 = 0.79 in Jago-jago) where the total organic carbon stock in upper layer and denser sediment was higher than the organic carbon stock in middle/bottom layer sediment. Moreover, sediment type also influenced the carbon stock where sediment with finer grain size (11.80 – 13.46 Mg C/ha) captured more organic carbon than sand (6.54 – 10.34 Mg C/ha). By knowing this capacity, monitoring and maintaining coastal sediment and vegetation should become priority to mitigate the climate change.
Diversity, evenness, dominance, and similarity index of river fish in Krueng Teunom water, Aceh Jaya
Authors: Nasir M , Firdus F , Rosfita R , Munira M
Published: August 2023

The objective of the study was to determine the diversity of fish species found in the Teunom River, Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh Province. The research was conducted from August 2019 until Juli 2020. This research used an Exploration Method. The research station was determined by purposive sampling based on environmental conditions along river flow. Fish samples were collected using fishing rods, traps, and nets. The results of identification indicate there were 431 individual fish that were divided into 11 families and 16 species. Fish species were commonly found from the family of Cyprinidae with six species namely Labtobarbus hosii, Anematichthys apogon, Rasbora sp., Tor tambroides, Osteochilus kappenii, dan Osteochilus vittatus. The five stations’ diversity index (H’) was classified as low to moderate criterion with a value range of 0,80 to 1,86. The dominance index (C) ranged from 0,17 to 0,52. The evenness index (E) ranged from 0,43 to 0,97. While the similarity index of fish species between stations ranged from 0,0% to 0,89%. The physics-chemical condition of Teunom River water was considered to be optimum for the survival of fish.
Sea bamboo growth form (Isis hippuris) on different habitats in the waters of Tanjung Tiram, South Konawe
Authors: Afu L O A , Chamidah A , Yanuhar U , Maftuch
Published: August 2023

The form of growth of sea bamboo (Isis hippurus) in an area depends on the ecological state or natural environment in which the sea bamboo is located. Different growth forms in habitats have different characteristics and levels of response to environmental pressures. This research examines how sea bamboo (Isis hippuris) grows in different habitats in Tanjung Tiram’s waters. The method used in this study is a descriptive survey method. The method used for data retrieval is a belt transect. The study was conducted at two locations (different habitat conditions). The results showed that growth forms are vertical (in coral habitats) and horizontal (in coral-seagrass habitats).
Contamination assessment of a freely expanding green propellant thruster plume
Authors: Buntrock L J , Grabe M , Fischer H
Published: August 2023

A number of propellant/thruster combinations are under development in recent years that aim to replace the prevailing hydrazine-driven reaction control thrusters with less hazardous substances (“green propellants”). With some of these systems already in orbit, characterizing their contamination potential in a space environment becomes relevant. In this paper we discuss experiments on plume induced contamination from a novel propene/nitrous oxide bipropellant thruster, including high-speed imaging, SEM-EDS analysis, QCM measurements and in-situ mass spectrometry. Additional measurements of combustion chamber pressure complement the overall characterization of the thruster performance in a high vacuum environment. The main findings of this exploratory study are strong indications of solid and liquid phase particles being ejected from the nozzle, which will be investigated in a subsequent phase of the activity.
Interaction mechanisms between Atomic Oxygen and materials: investigation on reflected beam
Authors: Leveque D , Duzellier S , Vilaranda Fernandes M , Chanteperdrix G , Nguyen Van Sang D , Perrin-Bailly V , Jouanne P , Laurent E
Published: August 2023

Atomic Oxygen (AO) is the main component of the residual atmosphere present at low earth orbit. Multiple reflections can locally enhance or lower erosion rate in case of complex geometry. The need for precise estimate of hyperthermal AO flux is thus crucial at critical target embedded into realistic assembly. Industrial modeling tools (example Atomox module in ESABASE2 and SYSTEMA toolboxes) may account for multiple reflections with simplistic approach (ray-tracing) and a set of semi-empirical parameters. In this context, an original geometrical setup was designed in order to expose target surfaces with normal and tilted incidences and after one reflection on a set of materials of interest (black conductive thermal coatings, coverglass, surface treatment…). Candidate materials have been selected in view to compare numerical results and experimental ones. Results of two test campaigns highlight the effect of incidence angle on erosion rate (higher erosion with tilted beam) and provide an estimate of residual fluence after one reflection (in the 4-10 % range depending on material type). First computations with engineering codes have been successfully conducted, the erosion patterns being rather well described with some basic hypotheses on material parameters (absorption, specular/diffuse reflection) and taken into account the reflection on adjacent metallic surfaces.
Monopropellant plume-induced contamination testing for the Europa Lander mission concept
Authors: Grabe Martin , Buntrock Leonie J , Soares Carlos E
Published: August 2023

The induced contamination from two hydrazine-propelled thrusters is studied in the high-vacuum plume test facility for chemical thrusters at DLR Göttingen, STG-CT. A number of representative material samples are exposed to the freely expanding pulsed thruster plume for subsequent in-depth analysis at JPL. The plume gas is monitored in-situ with a mass spectrometer and quartz crystal microbalances, while non-gaseous ejecta are recorded with a high-speed camera setup. With the detailed chemical analysis ongoing we report on the measurements obtained during the campaign and immediate post-test observations.
Ariane 5 Fairing Preparations for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Authors: Stewart E M , Wooldridge E M , Schmeitzky O , Bonhomme J , Madsen M
Published: August 2023

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope operating at Lagrange point 2. JWST is a joint effort between NASA, ESA, and CSA and was launched from the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) on an Ariane 5 rocket in December 2021. The Ariane 5 payload faring (PLF), interior and Vehicle Equipment Bay membranes received multiple cleanings, detailed inspections, and verification sampling to achieve necessary cleanliness levels.

Investigation of PLF cleanliness began early in the JWST program to test the Fairing Acoustic Protection (FAP) panels. Initial PLF cleaning was performed at RUAG in Switzerland prior to shipment to the launch site in collaboration with NASA and ESA. The cleaning procedure used at RUAG premises was based on heritage of the PLF cleaning procedure for ESA/Herschel-Planck and NASA/Mars2020 missions on an Atlas V launcher. The Ariane 5 fairing was packaged in a clean manner and inspected and cleaned upon arrival to CSG. Silicon wafers and particle fall out (PFO) plates were used to monitor the internal fairing cleanliness prior to encapsulation. Just after encapsulation, PFO plates and calcium fluoride (CaF2) crystals were placed inside the fairing on a specific tool door for monitoring the cleanliness inside the fairing during the ventilation phase. The fairing itself was specially sealed to protect the inner environment with just a small, doored porthole accessible via diving board for final closeout of the purge interface. Fairing cleanliness was achieved and mitigated contamination distribution upon launch.
International Space Station Bipropellant Plume Contamination Model update for short thruster pulse widths
Authors: Fox Katie , Steagall Courtney , Usher Taria , Deal Alexandra , Worthy Erica
Published: August 2023

The International Space Station (ISS) Bipropellant Plume Contamination Model has been a vital tool for characterizing the thruster plume-induced contamination environment at the ISS but was not intended to be used for very short thruster pulse widths. This paper presents an updated model that ensures full start-up and shut-down phases are modeled for each thruster firing, when the majority of liquid phase contaminant mass is released. The updated ISS Bipropellant Plume Contamination Model prevents potential under-prediction of thruster plume-induced contamination due to visiting vehicle proximity operations and provides a way to take advantage of thruster start-up and shut-down performance data gathered during thruster test programs, if available.
Calibration method of crosshair light sharing PET detector with TOF and DOI capabilities
Authors: Yoshida Eiji , Obata Fujino , Yamaya Taiga
Published: August 2023

Objective. A crosshair light sharing (CLS) PET detector as a TOF-DOI PET detector with high spatial resolution has been developed. To extend that work, a detector calibration method was developed to achieve both higher coincidence resolving time (CRT) and DOI resolution. Approach. The CLS PET detector uses a three-layer reflective material in a two-dimensional crystal array to form a loop structure within a pair of crystals, enabling a CRT of about 300 ps and acquisition of DOI from multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) output ratios. The crystals were 1.45 × 1.45 × 15 mm3 fast LGSO, and the crystal array was optically coupled to an MPPC array. It is important to reduce as many inter-crystal scattering (ICS) events as possible in advance for the accurate detector calibration. DOI information is also expected to improve the CRT because it can estimate the time delay due to the detection depth of crystals. Main results. Using crystal identification and light collection rate of the highest MPPC output reduces the number of ICS events, and CRT is improved by 26%. In addition, CRT is further improved by 13% with a linear correction of time delay as a function of energy. The DOI is ideally estimated from the output ratio of only the MPPC pairs optically coupled to the interacted crystals, which is highly accurate, but the error is large due to light leakage in actual use. The previous method, which also utilizes light leakage to calculate the output ratio, is less accurate, but the error can be reduced. Using the average of the two methods, it is possible to improve the DOI resolution by 12% while maintaining the smaller error. Significance. By applying the developed calibration method, the CLS PET detector achieves the CRT of 251 ps and the DOI resolution of 3.3 mm.
Temporal control of contact site formation reveals a relationship between mitochondrial division and Num1-mediated mitochondrial tethering
Authors: Harper Clare S. , Casler Jason C. , Lackner Laura L.
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial division is critical for maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have suggested that the mitochondria-ER-cortex anchor (MECA), a tripartite membrane contact site between mitochondria, the ER, and the plasma membrane, is involved in mitochondrial division. However, its role is poorly understood. We developed a system to control MECA formation and depletion, which allowed us to investigate the relationship between MECA-mediated contact sites and mitochondrial division. Num1 is the protein that mediates mitochondria-ER-plasma membrane tethering at MECA sites. Using both rapamycin-inducible dimerization and auxin-inducible degradation components coupled with Num1, we developed systems to temporally control the formation and depletion of the native contact site. Additionally, we designed a regulatable Num1-independant mitochondria-PM tether. We found that mitochondria-PM tethering alone is not sufficient to rescue mitochondrial division and that a specific feature of Num1-mediated tethering is required. This study demonstrates the utility of systems that regulate contact-site formation and depletion in studying the biological functions of membrane contact sites.
The Mismeasure of Manabozho: Unsettling the Science of the Mind in Henry R. Schoolcraft’sAlgic Researches
Authors: Orr Ittai
Published: August 2023

This article recovers early Native American writing that challenges the premises of nineteenth-century mental science and its support for colonialism. It demonstrates how the manuscripts and correspondences of Irish-Ojibwe poet Jane Johnston Schoolcraft and her brother William Johnston, particularly Johnston’s translation of the Anishinaabe story of the simultaneously clever and foolish trickster Manabozho, contradict the ethnological speculations and editorial alterations made by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, Jane’s husband and William’s employer, in his Algic Researches (1839). Henry sought to prove that Native Americans were intellectually stagnant, but Jane and William provided him with Ojibwe and Ottawa stories that promote collective adaptability and resilience. This collectivism is a useful hermeneutic through which to interpret Jane’s struggle with “melancholy thoughts” expressed in two drafts of her poem “The Contrast.” Instead of reading Jane as an Indigenous poet staggered by European knowledge, as Henry posits, scholars can more accurately root her mental state in the fragility of her kinship network during high-stakes treaty negotiations facilitated by her absent husband. This reexamination of the Johnston-Schoolcraft papers aids efforts to decolonize mental health, madness, and disability by piecing together Jane and William’s use of stories as equipment for living during a consequential period of transition for the Anishinaabe of present-day Michigan.In contrast to Henry’s project of evaluation and disqualification, William and Jane collected and shared their stories for their own project of preservation, carrying forward the recognition those tales invite that well-being and health are attributes of collectives rather than individuals.
Resistance and Other Pathologized Products of Madness
Authors: Mitchell David T
Published: August 2023

Impositions of madness revisit a founding dispossession that undergirds settler colonialism in the Americas as the dispossession of Indigenous peoples from their lands and resources and African slave removals. . . . In taking up this diagnostic “in-between,” both works endeavor to rescue madness from the cultural work it performs as pathologizing of so-called Black barbarity and so-called Indigenous primitivism.
Aortic valve repair in neonates, infants and children: a systematic review, meta-analysis and microsimulation study
Authors: Notenboom Maximiliaan L , Rhellab Reda , Etnel Jonathan R G , van den Bogerd Nova , Veen Kevin M , Taverne Yannick J H J , Helbing Willem A , van de Woestijne Pieter C , Bogers Ad J J C , Takkenberg Johanna J M
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES

To support clinical decision-making in children with aortic valve disease, by compiling the available evidence on outcome after paediatric aortic valve repair (AVr).

METHODS

A systematic review of literature reporting clinical outcome after paediatric AVr (mean age at surgery <18 years) published between 1 January 1990 and 23 December 2021 was conducted. Early event risks, late event rates and time-to-event data were pooled. A microsimulation model was employed to simulate the lives of individual children, infants and neonates following AVr.

RESULTS

Forty-one publications were included, encompassing 2 623 patients with 17 217 patient-years of follow-up (median follow-up: 7.3 years; range: 1.0–14.4 years). Pooled mean age during repair for aortic stenosis in children (<18 years), infants (<1 year) or neonates (<30 days) was 5.2 ± 3.9 years, 35 ± 137 days and 11 ± 6 days, respectively. Pooled early mortality after stenosis repair in children, infants and neonates, respectively, was 3.5% (95% confidence interval: 1.9–6.5%), 7.4% (4.2–13.0%) and 10.7% (6.8–16.9%). Pooled late reintervention rate after stenosis repair in children, infants and neonates, respectively, was 3.31%/year (1.66–6.63%/year), 6.84%/year (3.95–11.83%/year) and 6.32%/year (3.04–13.15%/year); endocarditis 0.07%/year (0.03–0.21%/year), 0.23%/year (0.07–0.71%/year) and 0.49%/year (0.18–1.29%/year); and valve thrombosis 0.05%/year (0.01–0.26%/year), 0.15%/year (0.04–0.53%/year) and 0.19%/year (0.05–0.77%/year). Microsimulation-based mean life expectancy in the first 20 years for children, infants and neonates with aortic stenosis, respectively, was 18.4 years (95% credible interval: 18.1–18.7 years; relative survival compared to the matched general population: 92.2%), 16.8 years (16.5–17.0 years; relative survival: 84.2%) and 15.9 years (14.8–17.0 years; relative survival: 80.1%). Microsimulation-based 20-year risk of reintervention in children, infants and neonates, respectively, was 75.2% (72.9–77.2%), 53.8% (51.9–55.7%) and 50.8% (47.0–57.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Long-term outcomes after paediatric AVr for stenosis are satisfactory and dependent on age at surgery. Despite a high hazard of reintervention for valve dysfunction and slightly impaired survival relative to the general population, AVr is associated with low valve-related event occurrences and should be considered in children with aortic valve disease.
High prevalence of frailty in patients with adrenal adenomas and adrenocortical hormone excess: a cross-sectional multi-centre study with prospective enrolment
Authors: Dogra Prerna , Šambula Lana , Saini Jasmine , Thangamuthu Karthik , Athimulam Shobana , Delivanis Danae A , Baikousi Dimitra A , Nathani Rohit , Zhang Catherine D , Genere Natalia , Salman Zara , Turcu Adina F , Ambroziak Urszula , Garcia Raul G , Achenbach Sara J , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Singh Sumitabh , LeBrasseur Nathan K , Kastelan Darko , Bancos Irina
Published: August 2023

Objective

Frailty, characterized by multi-system decline, increases vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and can be measured using Frailty Index (FI). We aimed to assess the prevalence of frailty in patients with adrenal disorders (based on hormonal sub-type) and examine association between FI and performance-based measures of physical function.

Design

Multi-centre, cross-sectional study (March 2019-August 2022).

Methods

Adult patients with adrenal disorders (non-functioning adrenal adenomas [NFA], mild autonomous cortisol secretion [MACS], Cushing syndrome [CS], primary aldosteronism [PA]) and referent subjects without adrenal disorders completed a questionnaire encompassing 47 health variables (comorbidities, symptoms, daily living activities). FI was calculated as the average score of all variables and frailty defined as FI ≥ 0.25. Physical function was assessed with hand grip, timed up-and-go test, chair rising test, 6-minute walk test, and gait speed.

Results

Compared to referent subjects (n = 89), patients with adrenal disorders (n = 520) showed increased age, sex, and body mass index-adjusted prevalence of frailty (CS [odds ratio—OR 19.2, 95% confidence interval—CI 6.7-70], MACS [OR 12.5, 95% CI 4.8-42.9], PA [OR 8.4, 95% CI 2.9-30.4], NFA [OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.7-15.9]). Prevalence of frailty was similar to referent subjects when post-dexamethasone cortisol was <28 nmol/L and was higher when post-dexamethasone cortisol was 28-50 nmol/L (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.7-16.5). FI correlated with all measures of physical function (P < .001).

Conclusions

Whilst frailty prevalence was highest in patients with adrenocortical hormone excess, even patients with NFA demonstrated an increased prevalence compared to the referent population. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the impact of various management strategies on frailty.