bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of body composition: why and how?
Authors: Lukaski H.C.
Published: April 2019

Evaluation of human body composition in vivo remains a critical component in the assessment of nutritional status of an individual. Whereas traditional measurements of standing height and body weight provide information on body mass index and, hence, the risk of some chronic diseases, advanced technologies, such as dual X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography and various forms of bioelectrical impedance analysis enable the determination of soft tissue composition (fat and lean) as well as bone. This review summarises the physical bases of these methods and critically evaluates their accuracy in observational and interventional studies. It also discusses a new approach, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, which assesses the hydration status of an individual, and includes pertinent examples of its novel applications in clinical nutrition.
Effects of visceral fat accumulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fatati Giuseppe , Mirri Eva , Coaccioli Stefano
Published: April 2019

Type 2 diabetes has become the most frequently encountered metabolic disorder in the world and obesity, meaning visceral adiposity, is the core problem. In the abdominal adipose tissue, insulin resistance (IR) reduces the antilipolytic effect of insulin, which in turn leads to reduced glucose uptake and increased release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol. Chronic exposure of beta cells to elevated FFA levels causes detrimental consequences such as increased insulin secretion at low glucose concentrations, decreased proinsulin biosynthesis, depletion of insulin reserves and reduced response to concentrations of glucose stimulus. Adipose peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-γ appears to be an essential mediator for the maintenance of whole-body insulin sensitivity that protects non-adipose tissue against lipid overload. Current data suggest that PPAR-γ-activating ligands improve adipose tissue function, and may prevent the progression of IR to diabetes and also endothelial dysfunction to atherosclerosis. Links between environmental influences, the layout of visceral fat, the PPARs, the adiponectin and the adipocytokines still need to be completely clarified.
Serum selenium status in a group of 386 volunteers from the Czech Republic Rescue Fire Brigades
Authors: Střítecká Hana , Hlubik Pavol , Nováková Jitka
Published: April 2019

The Czech Republic ranks among the countries with the highest prevalence of dyslipoproteinaemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As a valid tool in the primary prevention of these the authors consider the monitoring of selected components (including metal ions and vitamins) of the antioxidant system in the organism. Oxidative damage of cells and tissues plays an important role in the aetiology of most so-called civilisation diseases. Endogen anti-oxidative protection of the human organism, e.g., in the form of superoxide dismutase, enzymes and selenium (Se), which abolish peroxide hydrogen, or in the form of proteins-binding metals, is insufficient taking into consideration the contemporary way of life in advanced countries. The objective of the present work was to determine total Se in the serum of 386 healthy volunteers from the Rescue Fire Brigades from selected areas of the Czech Republic. The serum Se concentration was determined by the direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry method. The mean serum Se concentration was determined between 0.67 and 0.93 μmol/l. There were no significant differences in values between gender, age and body mass index categories. The low levels of the element in the blood are probably due to its deficiency in the diet.
Cushing's syndrome as a cause of secondary obesity and metabolic syndrome: a case report
Authors: Cuttica Carla Micaela , Del Monte Patrizia , Cardillo Teresa , Robotti Paola Carla , Foppiani Luca , Marugo Alessandro , Oppezzi Massimo , Quilici Paolo , Arlandini Anselmo
Published: April 2019

We describe the case of a woman affected by morbid obesity associated to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperlipidaemia and hypertension, configuring a picture of metabolic syndrome (MS). Hormonal investigations revealed that her MS was secondary to the presence of a cortisol-producing left adrenal adenoma. After monolateral adrenalectomy, the MS subsided. Excessive and sustained hypercortisolism gives rise to the entire spectrum of MS. As some clinical manifestations of MS and Cushing's syndrome (CS) overlap, it is important to consider CS as a possible cause of secondary MS, in order to avoid a delay in diagnosis and proper treatment, which exposes the patient to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
Reduced body cell mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: reversal with a diabetes-specific nutritional formula
Authors: Tatti Patrizio , di Mauro Patrizia , Neri Marisa , Pipicelli Giuseppe , Strollo Felice
Published: April 2019

Subjects with type 2 diabetes are in a continuous catabolic state due to increased neoglycogensis during most of the fasting and the postprandial period. We compared the body cell mass index (BCMI) of 257 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 216 non-diabetic controls and found a statistically significant lower value in the diabetic subjects. This abnormality was reversed after 6 months of treatment with a diabetes-specific nutritional formula. Furthermore, in a population of 715 diabetic subjects without other diseases, we found that the BCMI was inversely correlated with the prevailing HbA1c and the duration of the disease.
Homo sapiens and milk: a valuable food in the past and in the future
Authors: Arsenio Leone , Caronna Silvana , Cioni Federico , Dall'aglio Elisabetta
Published: April 2019

Milk is a food with a very high biological value, essential in the early stages of life, and has been used to produce ricotta and other cheeses in the Mediterranean area for at least for the last 6,000 years. From a nutritional point of view, in addition to a high water content, milk also contains glucids, proteins of a high biological quality, lipids, vitamins and minerals in highly absorbable forms. In terms of evolution, cholesterol also plays an important role in the activation and propagation of the hedgehog signaling cascade, which is responsible for the differentiation and development of the central nervous system. Finally, the authors analyze its potential as a vector of alimentary supplements, making this food fundamental for human nutrition and the future of Homo sapiens.
The role of nutritional supplementation with essential amino acids in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Macchi A. , Franzoni I. , Buzzetti F. , Pedrigi M.C. , Rosa I. , Gaudio G.V. , Margonato A.
Published: April 2019

Essential amino acid supplementation (EAS) may counteract hypercatabolic states, such as chronic heart failure (CHF). This pilot study investigated whether EAS could improve quality of life (QoL), cardiac function and exercise tolerance in patients (pts) with stable CHF on optimal medical treatment (OMT). We enrolled 27 pts (21 males) with ejection fraction (EF) <35% and on OMT with no changes within the previous 6 months. EAS, composed of leu (1,250 mg), lys (650 mg), ile (625 mg), val (625 mg), thr (350 mg), cys (150 mg), his (150 mg), phe (100 mg), met (50 mg), t4 (30 mg), trp (20 mg), B1 (0.15 mg) and B6 (0.15 mg) vitamins, was given twice a day for 3 months. At baseline and after 3 months, we evaluated symptoms with NYHA classification, LVD36 questionnaire and QoL scale; cardiac function by echocardiography and exercise tolerance (modified Bruce protocol); pro-BNP, renal function, glucose and troponin. We observed a significant reduction of end-systolic and diastolic volumes (ESV 121.6 ± 63.08 vs. 106.82 ± 50.1 mL, p = 0.018; EDV 169.1 ± 75.3 vs. 150 ± 67.5 mL, p < 0.02), an increase of EF (29.8 ± 5.7 vs. 35.4 ± 5.8%, p < 0.001) and of cardiac output (5.58 ± 1.57 vs. 6.07 ± 1.66 L/min; p = 0.015). We assisted a no significant trend toward reduction in mitral regurgitation (p = 0.3). EAS improved QoL (NYHA p < 0.001; LVD36 14.1 ± 7.2 vs. 12.2 ± 6.9, p = 0.015; QoL scale 62.4 ± 12.5 vs. 74 ± 9.7%, p < 0.001); exercise tolerance (stage 3.24 ± 1.3 vs. 3.57 ± 1.3, p = 0.016; METS 6.6 ± 3.4 vs. 7.1 ± 3.3, p = 0.18; Minutes 8.1 ± 4.29 vs. 8.7 ± 3.94, p = 0.055). No changes in glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, troponin and a no significant trend toward reduction of pro-BNP was observed (1,077.4 ± 530.3 vs. 851.6 ± 315.1 ng/l, p = 0.3). No pts showed adverse effects. After 3 months, EAS significantly improves cardiac function, QoL and exercise tolerance in stable CHF pts.
Effect of incorporating rape seed oil on quality of ice cream
Authors: Nadeem M. , Abdullah M. , Ellahi M.Y.
Published: April 2019

A study was carried out to determine the effects of use of rape seed oil in the production of ice cream. The basic ice cream, i.e., control (C) had 4.5% milk fat, 11.75% MSNF, 1.25% whey protein concentrate-70 (WPC-70), 15% sucrose, 0.2% sodium alginate, and 0.2% glycerol monostearate with a total solids content of 32.9%, vanilla flavored ice cream was prepared by partially replacing milk fat with rape seed oil. The rape seed oil was incorporated at three different levels, i.e., F1 (1% palm olein and 3.5% milk fat), F2 (2% rape seed oil and 2.5% milk fat) and F3 (3% rape seed oil and 1.5% milk fat), in mix formulation, other ingredients were same as that of basic ice cream mix (C). The effect of addition of rape seed oil on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ice cream was determined. Incorporation of rape seed oil at F3 level did not have any adverse effect on the compositional attributes, pH and acidity of ice cream, flavor and melting quality scores and total score.
Quality of diet, screened by the Mediterranean diet quality index and the evaluation of the content of advanced glycation endproducts, in a population of high school students from Emilia Romagna
Authors: Tarabusi Valeria , Cavazza Carla , Pasqui Francesca , Gambineri Alessandra , Pasquali Renato
Published: April 2019

This observational study aims to evaluate the eating habits of a population of high school students from Emilia Romagna. 492 students aged between 15 and 19 years (265 females and 227 males) were personally interviewed by a dietician regarding their dietary habits, used to assess the macro and micronutrient composition of the diet, the quality of the diet according to the Mediterranean diet quality index (M-DQI) and the total amounts of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) ingested daily. The analysis of macronutrients showed a deficit in carbohydrates and an excess in fat, particularly saturated fat, when compared to the recommended daily intake (RDA), particularly evident in males (30.9 ± 7.5 vs. 23.9 ± 6.0, p < 0.001; RDA < 20 g). The analysis of micronutrients depicted a deficit in fibres, particularly in females (15.9 ± 4.0 vs. 18.5 ± 4.5, p < 0.001; RDA = 20–30 g), and in vitamin D (3.04 ± 1.80 μg/day; RDA = 10–15 μg/day). Most of the subjects analysed had M-DQI between medium-poor (280/492, 56.9%) and poor (208/492, 42.3%) while none had a very good score and only three females had a good score. Collectively, males had a worse M-DQI with respect to females. Finally, the total amount of AGEs ingested daily correlated significantly and positively with M-DQI (r = 0.283, p < 0.001) and, accordingly, it was significantly higher in males with respect to females. The evaluation of the M-DQI in this population of high school students indicates a loss of food traditions typical to Mediterranean countries, with a consequent imbalance in macro and micronutrients with respect to the guidelines for healthy nutrition. Consequently, there is an increase in the intake of AGEs that could be one of the causes of the increased incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic complications in Mediterranean countries.
Open phase II study on efficacy and safety of an oral amino acid functional cluster supplementation in cancer cachexia
Authors: Madeddu Clelia , Macciò Antonio , Astara Giorgio , Massa Elena , Dessì Mariele , Antoni Giorgia , Panzone Filomena , Serpe Roberto , Mantovani Giovanni
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy and safety of an oral amino acid functional cluster (AFC) supplementation in cachectic cancer patients. From April 2008 to March 2009, we carried out an open non-randomized phase II study on 25 cachectic advanced (all stage IV) cancer patients with tumor at different sites who received an oral AFC supplementation for 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of improvement of some nutritional/functional (weight, body mass index, lean body mass and grip strength), quality of life (fatigue) and laboratory (albumin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines, leptin and reactive oxygen species) variables. Safety was evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE version 3. Patients supplemented with the AFC achieved an increase in grip strength (P < 0.0001) and total serum albumin (P = 0.0003) and a decrease in ROS levels (P = 0.001). Moreover, our study showed a trend toward an increase in body weight and leptin and a decrease in CRP and IL-6. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that amino acid supplementation may be a significant rational tool for the treatment of cancer cachexia. Our preliminary data should be confirmed in a larger sample size and by a properly designed randomized clinical trial. According to our longstanding experience, a potential area of further research may be to integrate amino acid supplementation into a multi-dimensional approach based on diet, nutritional support and molecularly targeted drugs for the management of cancer cachexia.
Nutritional intervention helps pharmacology in the management of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Visioli Francesco , Poli Andrea , Paoletti Rodolfo
Published: April 2019

In this article, we critically address the contribution of dietary advice to the overall strategy of prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. In particular, we underline how an appropriate choice of food items and nutrients should anticipate or accompany pharmacological therapy (often greatly limiting the use of drugs).
Oxidative stress modulation in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Carlesi C. , Caldarazzo Ienco E. , Piazza S. , Lo Gerfo A. , Alessi R. , Pasquali L. , Siciliano Gabriele
Published: April 2019

The primary pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the slow and progressive selective dysfunction and loss of neurons and axons in the central nervous system. Despite different triggering events, a common feature is the involvement of oxidative stress. Several evidences indicate that oxidative stress is critical for neurodegeneration. Here, we review the impact of oxidative stress involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, and discuss its contribution to neurons damage. We also discuss potential antioxidant therapies to modulate oxidative stress in this group of diseases. A better understanding of the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the ability of nervous system to remove them or repair the ensuing damage will be crucial for the development of new potential therapeutic strategies.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase levels in preeclampsia
Authors: Kharb Simmi
Published: April 2019

The present study was planned to study extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activity in 30 preeclamptic women, 30 normotensive pregnant and 30 non-pregnant women. EC-SOD activity was lower in normotensive pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women (p < 0.05). The activity was still lower in preeclamptic women as compared to healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women (p < 0.001). These findings indicate a role of EC-SOD in modulating nitric oxide-dependent relaxation of the uterus and the development of hypertension as a predominant symptom in preeclampsia.
Functional properties of protein hydrolysates from different body parts of horse mackerel (Magalaspis cordyla) and croaker (Otolithes ruber)
Authors: Sampath Kumar N.S. , Nazeer R.A. , Jai Ganesh R.
Published: April 2019

Protein hydrolysates are economically important value added products in the food industry. Hydrolysis of fish proteins is practiced for the improvement of nutritional characteristics, retarding deterioration, removal of toxic or inhibitory ingredients and modification of functional properties. Four different body parts viz., skin, muscle, bone and viscera of horse mackerel (Magalaspis cordyla) and croaker (Otolithes ruber) were hydrolyzed, through in vitro gastrointestinal digestion procedure using commercial proteases (pepsin, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin). The obtained protein hydrolysates were lyophilized and characterized for functional properties like solubility, emulsifying activity index (EAI) and foaming ability at different pH ranging from 2 to 10. After 6 h hydrolysis, all the hydrolysates showed 70% (p < 0.05) protein solubility at different pH evaluated. Lower emulsifying and foaming capacity (p < 0.05) was noticed at pH 4 and a gradual increase in these properties observed with the increasing pH. Current results revealed that these hydrolysates from various body parts of horse mackerel showed good functional properties in wide range of pH and protein hydrolysate obtained from viscera has showed high functional properties than remaining body parts. These results suggest that horse mackerel and croaker protein hydrolysates could find potential applications as functional food ingredients as emulsifiers and foaming agents.
Oleuropein protects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and modulates sperm quality in the rat testis
Authors: Alirezaei M. , Kheradmand A. , Heydari R. , Tanideh N. , Neamati Sh. , Rashidipour M.
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of oleuropein on ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the rat testis. 32 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: the first group as a control, the second group of rats were given ethanol (4 g/kg), the third group received oleuropein (15 mg/kg), and the fourth group of rats were supplemented of oleuropein (15 mg/kg) and after 120 min were ingested via ethanol (4 g/kg) orally. Oleuropein could prevent the reduction of motility and plasma membrane integrity of the spermatozoa against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in treated rats (P < 0.05). While, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (as a lipid peroxidation marker) concentration was decreased significantly in the oleuropein plus ethanol group compared to the ethanol group (P < 0.05). Notably, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in the ethanol-treated animals compared to controls and total glutathione (GSH-content) increased significantly in ethanol-treated rats compared to the oleuropein group. Our findings suggest that oleuropein possesses beneficial antioxidant effects on ethanol-induced sperm toxicity, subsequently enhancing sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity.
Effect of packaging materials and temperatures on vitamin A and C of flavored aloe vera juice
Authors: Singh Shiv , Kumar Anil , Shalini Rachana
Published: April 2019

Aloe vera juice was prepared from aloe vera gel. The standardization of aloe vera juice was done using six different treatments with strawberry and vanilla. Sensory overall acceptability of the product blended with sugar in the ratio of 50:50 was most promising. The juice was packed using three different packaging materials (viz., plastic bottle, glass bottle, and tetra pack) and stored at 5 and 10 °C, respectively. For increasing the shelf life of juice by the above treatment, the hurdle technology was employed. In hurdle technology two methods of preservation, chemical and physical methods were used. Physical method included pasteurization while chemical method involved the use of class II preservatives viz., citric acid, sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, and ascorbic acid. Chemical treatment was more efficient for vitamin A and C.
Attitude and awareness of health care providers towards the therapeutic and prophylactic roles of Vitamin D
Authors: Aftab Syed Abdus Saboor , Fouda Mona A.
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the role of Vitamin D in extra-skeletal tissue has been strongly emphasized. The importance of optimizing Vitamin D levels in patients with chronic diseases and for risk reduction of many of those diseases including certain types of cancer is being increasingly recognized. Knowledge of the rapidly emerging, therapeutic and preventive utilities of Vitamin D is suboptimal among the health care providers (HPs). HPs do not regularly evaluate or optimize Vitamin D levels in patients. This study was conducted to explore the awareness, knowledge and attitude of HPs towards the current therapeutic and preventive roles of Vitamin D. A survey of HPs was conducted during the preregistration for a Vitamin D Symposium conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. The participants were asked to answer a questionnaire pertaining to the significance of Vitamin D in chronic diseases, diagnosis and prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy, optimal levels of Vitamin D for health and disease prevention, laboratory estimates and treatment regimens. A total of 150 participants completed the survey. Out of these, 118 (78.7%) HPs were aware of extra-skeletal Vitamin D receptors and 125 (83.3%) knew about its role in extra-skeletal health. While 25 (16.7%) of the HPs were not sure about the role of Vitamin D in chronic diseases, 108 (74.4%) HPs knew about the role of Vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and 96 (64%) HPs were aware that the Vitamin D reduces overall mortality. The HPs largely underestimated the correct global prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency. A majority of the HPs were not clear about the normal levels, cut off levels for diagnosis of deficiency, frequency of measurement and the form of Vitamin D that needs to be assayed. 102 (68%) HPs were of the opinion that up to 400 IU/day of Vitamin D3 was the maintenance dose to prevent Vitamin D deficiency in adults who had been treated for Vitamin D deficiency. A large number of HPs were unaware of the adequate sources of Vitamin D for the healthy adults. All HPs supported the need for guidelines pertaining to Vitamin D deficiency. This is one of the first studies from this region providing objective evidence that HPs' knowledge of Vitamin D is suboptimal. This highlights the need to rectify the existing Vitamin D care gap. This could be achieved by intensifying Vitamin D-related education, establishing guidelines and ensuring the diffusion of these guidelines to the HPs.
Cereal bran: the next super food with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential
Authors: Patel Seema
Published: April 2019

Bran is the hard outer layer of cereal grains, rich in a myriad of healthy phytochemicals viz. phenolics, flavonoids, glucans and pigments. Unfortunately, these nutrition-rich components are often discarded during milling out of ignorance, organoleptic reasons and rancidity problems. Knowing the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological profile of bran is expected to give insight to their potential application in promotion of health. This study illustrates the antioxidant and anticancer properties of the cereal bran and its derivatives. The current contribution provides a comprehensive review of the bioactive phytochemical constituents of bran, their extraction techniques, the antioxidant and anticancer properties. The issues associated with bran stabilization in foods and enhancement strategies for extraction and bioavailability of bran nutrients are discussed. Bacteria and yeast fermentation of bran have been observed to improve their nutritional profile. Bran products promise potential applications as nutritional ingredients in functional foods. Leading food manufactures have already started fortifying food products with bran, at the wake of the discovery of its overwhelming health-promoting potentials.
Comparison study between the effect of oat and barley breads on serum glucose and lipid profiles in dyslipidemic and type 2 diabetic subjects: a short-term trial
Authors: Hajifaraji M. , Najjar Safari Sh. , Rezvani V. , Rashidkhani B. , Maddah M.
Published: April 2019

This study compares the effects of oat and barley bread on lipid profiles and blood glucose of type 2 diabetic patients. In a cross-over short-term trial, 36 type 2 diabetic patients having one lipid parameters out of the normal limit were randomly assigned into two bread groups. They were given 250 g oat or barley bread daily for 3 weeks. A total of 5 cc of venous blood was drawn before, after 10 days and at the end of the trial for respective assays. After a washout period of 3 weeks, patients were moved into the other bread group and all steps of the previous phase were accomplished similarly. A 3-day food recall questionnaire was completed on the 1st, 10th and 21st days of both phases of the trial. Findings indicated that all of the metabolic and anthropometric indicators were improved in both groups except waist to hip ratio. The mean differences in fasting serum glucose (FSG) in the barley group and the oat bread groups were 32 ± 2.7 and 6.2 ± 9.2 mg/dl; the mean differences for serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in the barley group and the oat bread groups were 9.2 ± 1.8 and 1.34 ± 0.2 mg/dl, respectively. The trend in the differences in the FSG and the HDL-c were significant between the two groups (P = 0.001). This study showed that both oat and barley bread are effective for improvement of anthropometric and metabolic indicators, and that the beneficial effects of oat bread in reducing blood glucose and HDL was higher than for barley bread.
Group therapy in obesity control: results of our 8-year experience
Authors: Spiti Roberta , Lanzi Paola , Braggiotti Silvana , Noè Donatella
Published: April 2019

We have analysed group therapy efficacy in weight loss of obese outpatients, non responders to previous hypocaloric treatments. The results we have obtained during the last 8 years have been compared to those reported in literature, to our previous observations and to results obtained in a group of obese outpatients in traditional diet-therapy. The mean weight loss in patients followed for 6 months with group therapy was 5.5% of the initial weight (IW); 48.5% of them lost more than 5% and 13% lost more than 10% of IW. The results obtained in a traditional treated group were a little better: mean weight loss was −6.6%, 61% lost more than 5% and 22% more than 10% of IW. So, in our opinion, group therapy can be usefully applied only in selected patients (i.e. older in age/non-responders to traditional treatments), where it might have a possible role as a more cost-effective treatment.
Indices of malnutrition in patients admitted to general medical and chest medicine wards of an Iranian teaching hospital on admission and discharge
Authors: Nematy Mohsen , Salami Hadis , Norouzy Abdolreza , Siadat Zahra , Shahsavan Nasim , Tavallaie Shima , Ferns Gordon , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Soluti Sonia Sadat
Published: April 2019

The nutritional status of hospitalised patients is generally poor on admission and in some cases declines during their stay in hospital. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of a group of hospitalised patients on admission and at discharge from a large teaching hospital in Northwestern Iran. Male and female patients, who were anticipated to stay in hospital for more than 1 week on the general medical or chest medicine ward, gave informed consent to take part in the study. One hundred and fourteen patients (53.6 ± 17.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 21.0 ± 5.7 kg/m2 (mean ± standard error of the mean) were recruited to evaluate the nutritional status. Changes in bioimpedance and anthropometric markers of nutritional status were recorded. The NRS 2002 (nutritional risk screening) method was used to assess nutritional status in patients on admission and prior to discharge. Malnutrition, as assessed using NRS 2002 method, decreased during the stay of patients in hospital (2.8 ± 1.0 versus 1.8 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). This study showed that prevalence of malnutrition was as high as 63.1 % on admission to the general medical and chest wards. The nutritional status of patients was significantly changed over the period of their stay in hospital, as assessed using the NRS 2002 method, although patients lost weight due to the acute care situation.
Early cardiac risk stratification in obese patients: the need of new simple diagnostic tools
Authors: Cemin Roberto , Daves Massimo , Panizza Giorgio , Kob Michael , Lucchin Lucio
Published: April 2019

In the last few years, increasing evidence about the role played by obesity as cardiovascular risk factor has been shown. However, not all the obese patients are at the same high cardiovascular risk and it is important to have simple and reliable diagnostic tools to detect those patients worthy of a stricter cardiovascular prevention. The purpose of the present pilot study was to test the capability of biomarker dosage in detecting early cardiac dysfunction. Twenty-eight consecutive obese patients, visited at the obese clinic of the San Maurizio Regional Hospital of Bolzano were included in the study. The patients with known cardiovascular disease were excluded. All the patients underwent the dosage of copeptin, mid regional proANP (Mr-proANP), BNP, the standard haematological testing and a complete echocardiography. All the patients had a normal ejection fraction of the left ventricle (61 ± 5.2 %), normal copeptin (median 8.2 pmol/L with and interquartile range of 6.05–12.6) and BNP levels (37.0 ± 27.5 pg/mL). Mr-proANP was 67.5 ± 45.5 pmol/L, resulting above the upper level of normality in 5/28 patients (17.8 %). No significant relation was found between copeptin levels and left ventricular volumes, mass, ejection fraction, atrial dimensions and diastolic function. Mr-proANP showed a significant reverse non-linear relationship with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, measured by E/E′ ratio. BPN, on the contrary, showed a significant non-linear relation with diastolic dysfunction. BNP dosage has been shown to have efficacy in early identification of heart dysfunction, even in the presence of preserved systolic function.
Appetite control and gastrointestinal hormonal behavior (CCK, GLP-1, PYY 1–36) following low doses of a whey protein-rich nutraceutic
Authors: Sukkar Samir Giuseppe , Vaccaro Alberto , Ravera Giovanni Battista , Borrini Claudia , Gradaschi Raffaella , Massa Sacchi-Nemours Anna , Cordera Renzo , Andraghetti Gabriella
Published: April 2019

Whey proteins represent the most satiating nutrients. In particular, their effects are due to enterohormonal changes (CCK, GLP-1 and PYY 1–36) observed after their exclusive ingestion. Glucomannan has important satiety property due to volume increase following gelification. The aim of the study is the evaluation of subjective rate of hunger and enterohormone concentrations (CCK, GLP-1, PYY 1–36) following oral loading of a mixture containing WP (8 g) or casein (8 g) plus glucomannan (1 g) (Colordiet®, Inpha DUEMILA Srl Lecco, Italy). The study was conducted as a double-blind crossover with five healthy volunteers (BMI 22–26 kg/m2 aging 18–65 years) in acute and a wash-out period of 1 week between the first and the second evaluation. From the analysis of the data, we observe that the load with WP induces a significant decrease in the desire to eat after 90 min (P < 0.0446) when compared with casein. As far as plasma hormones are concerned, there was a significant increase only in GLP-1 at 90 min after WP (P < 0.00166) and 180 min after casein (T0 vs. T180 P = 0.000129). There is a significant correlation between the increase in GLP-1 and decrease of desire to eat (R = −0.93). There is a tendency to the increasing of CCK after 90 min, which is not significant (P = 0.091). These results could be due to (a) the low number of cases or (b) the low dose of protein used. The present study suggests that a mixture of WP plus glucomannan exerts a decrease in the desire to eat which is correlated to enterohormonal modification (GLP-1 increase) despite the low content of protein (8 g) and the presence of glucomannan, which could reduce the fast absorption of WP in relation to the net forming during the gelification of the gastric environment.
Proteomic analysis of plasma after 4 weeks of intermittent fasting in mice
Authors: Mascaro Anna , D'Antona Giuseppe
Published: April 2019

A proteomic approach was used to identify proteins differentially expressed in the plasma of mice following alternate day fasting. Male mice (C57Bl6, 9 months old) were randomly assigned to ad libitum (AL, n = 10) and calorie-restricted (IF, n = 10, AL on alternate day basis) groups for 4 weeks. After staining, the gels were imaged and differential protein expression patterns were interrogated using image analysis software. Spots showing a different expression level were identified through a comparison with 2D maps found in databases officially recognized (ExPASy). Master gels of AL and IF mice exhibited slightly different 2-DE patterns as only 14 spots out of 500 appeared differentially expressed: 12 spots were downregulated and identified as apolipoprotein E (APO-E), haptoglobin (HPT), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), prothrombin, and serum amyloid P component (SPA), whereas two spots were unidentified. In conclusion 4 weeks of alternate feeding results in a slight perturbation of the host plasma proteome. Of particular interest is the reduced plasma content in APO-E and acute-phase proteins HPT, A1AT and SPA that confirms a powerful anti-inflammatory effect of this dietary regimen.
Licorice flavonoid oil reduces oxidative stress and total body fat in overweight subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Nakagawa Kaku , Miyagi Junko , Matsubara Masaaki
Published: April 2019

In this study with 30 nurses as study subjects, we examined how 12 weeks of a study treatment affected body measurements, blood biochemistry, and the oxidative stress regulatory system. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one that received licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) capsules and L-carnitine capsules (supplement group n = 15), and another that received placebo capsules (placebo group n = 15), for 12 consecutive weeks. Measurements of oxidative stresses and other tests were performed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Results showed that only the supplement group showed a significant decrease in waist circumference at 8 weeks when compared to baseline, while neither group showed a change in body mass index. No changes in blood biochemistry were observed in either group. Only the supplement group showed a significant decrease in oxidative stresses at 8 weeks when compared to baseline, while the placebo group did not show any change. Both groups showed a significant decrease in anti-oxidant potential, but at 12 weeks the supplement group showed a significantly higher level than the placebo group. While the supplement group showed a stable BAP to d-ROM ratio (representing latent anti-oxidant potential), the placebo group had a significant decrease. These results demonstrate that 12 weeks of LFO and L-carnitine consumption decreases waist circumference and oxidative stresses and maintains latent anti-oxidant potential.
Antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of honey bee hive extracts using in vitro models
Authors: Naqvi Syed Ali Raza , Mahmood Nasir , Naz Sumera , Hussain Zaib , Sherazi Tauqir A. , Khan Zulfiqar Ali , Shahzad Sohail Anjum , Yar Muhammad , Bukhari Iftikhar Hussain , Ahmad Matloob , Mansha Asim
Published: April 2019

Biological evaluation of honey bee hive extracts was estimated using a set of chemical and biological in vitro models. Extractions of bee hives were done in methanol and acetone solvents. Well-tolerated yield was observed in case of acetone solvent (12.34 ± 1.28 %) and methanol solvent (5.98 ± 0.94 %). Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were found in the range of 359 ± 4.06–755 ± 6.03 and 0.952 ± 0.08–1.266 ± 0.04 mg/100 g dry extract, respectively. Antioxidant potential was tested using most reliable in vitro models, such as DPPH free radical scavenging model, lipid peroxidation inhibition in linoleic acid system and ABTS radical scavenging assay. The DPPH scavenging assay showed 28–55 % radical scavenging, while the peroxidation inhibition in linoleic acid system showed low peroxidation inhibition 6–26 %. TEAC value showed 4.12 ± 0.19 and 3.63 ± 0.5 μM TE/g for methanol and acetone extract, respectively. The antibacterial assay of methanol and acetone extracts showed good zone of inhibition in following order S. aureus (19.1 ± 1.15, 14.9 ± 0.53 mm) >B. subtilis (15.4 ± 0.07, 13.1 ± 0.72 mm) >E. coli (13.8 ± 0.95, 9.9 ± 0.35 mm). Overall result demonstrated promising antioxidant and antibacterial potential of honey bee hive extracts.
Iranian patients with coronary artery disease: rural versus urban residents
Authors: Maddah Mohsen , Salari Arsalan , Momeni Maryam
Published: April 2019

In Iran, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality. There is less information on urban–rural difference in CAD in Iran. Between June 2010 and December 2011 a total of 288 patients (186 urban and 102 rural) with angiography-approved CAD were sequentially recruited in the main heart hospital in Rasht, northern Iran. Data on age, living areas, educational levels, blood lipids, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, cigarette smoking and current drug therapy were collected. In the rural men the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and smoking was lower than the urban men and the prevalence of other risk factors was not different. In the rural women the prevalence of overweight/obesity and waist circumference was lower than the urban women and the distributions of other measured risk factors were the same. This study showed that Iranian urban and rural women were not behind men regarding age for developing CAD.
KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL (SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP) GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Mukaromah Siti Maulidatul
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the model of spiritual leadership of elementary school teachers in the character formation of students, which teacher leadership in the classroom influences whether or not the character possessed by the students. The research method usedlibrary reserarch. Library research is a research conducted by researchers by collecting a number of books, magazines, leaflets pertaining with problems and research objectives. The findings in the research of spiritual leadership applied by elementary school teachers in leading the students, teachers always lead by using heart with the charactheristic are taqwa, tawakal and tawadhu (3T). So, the studentswill have a good character.
PENERAPAN METODE PENILAIAN BERBASIS PORTOFOLIO DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Mahardika Bagus
Published: April 2019

Assessment is one of the important stages in the learning process of Indonesia because through the assessment of teachers to know the extent to which the learning objectives have been achieved. Assessment can be done through measurement (quantitative description) and / or through non-measurement (qualitative description). When teachers collect information on students' level of understanding through questions, observations, and assignments the teacher actually has conducted a non-measurement evaluation. The activity of the teacher is very useful in determining the level of mastery of students and in assessing the effectiveness of the learning process. Accurate information about student learning outcomes, interests and needs can only be obtained through effective assessment and assessment. The current assessment is a portfolio assessment that has many benefits for both teachers and students. Portfolio assessment is broader than assessment through tests, as with portfolios, teachers can follow cognitive development, attitudes, interests and student activities related to math. Thus, teachers can utilize the portfolio in improving the quality of learning which in turn will improve the quality of student learning outcomes.
PENINGKATAN MUTU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH: SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT DAN KOMPETENSI GURU MADRASAH
Authors: Nuryanto Nuryanto
Published: April 2019

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) is an Islamic elementary educational institution that has a certain distinction compared to general elementary education known as Sekolah Dasar (SD). The difference of MI, as a leading elementary school that not only develop general knowledge but also build Islamic character, places it in a very strategic position to build young generation’s character since their early ages. Unfortunately, it is widely found in Indonesia that there are still many MIs that have no good quality of education yet. This condition leads to the fact that the people’s preference goes more to SD than MI. This article attempts to give brief elaboration school-based management and teachers’ competence as the strategies to increase the quality of education in MI so that it becomes the society’s choices.
Actuación ética y servicio público
Authors: Jimeno Jiménez Fernando
Published: April 2019

En el presente documento se estudia el comportamiento ético en la prestación del servicio público, especialmente tras comprobar cómo los incumplimientos de esta naturaleza constituyen una de las principales preocupaciones de la opinión pública. Tras reflexionar sobre las experiencias de las tradiciones griegas y romanas, se analiza la percepción actual.

Se propone un modelo relacional y ético desarrollado por la propia organización. Por una parte, fomentando la transparencia con instrumentos de control externo (incentivar encuestas de satisfacción y expectativas, divulgar cartas de servicios, quejas, sugerencias) y facilitando medidas internas de interacción; por otro, con la intervención de un órgano colegiado técnico de supervisión ética.
"Mercaderes y banqueros de la Edad Media"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: April 2019

Reseña de la obra de: LE GOFF, J. (2014) Mercaderes y banqueros de la Edad Media, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 176 pp.
A Oncologia Pediátrica no Brasil: Por que há Poucos Avanços?
Authors: Magalhães Isis Quezado , Gadelha Maria Inês Pordeus , Macedo Carla Donato , Cardoso Teresa Cristina
Published: April 2019

A Oncologia Pediátrica tem sido área de marcante progresso no controle de câncer nos últimos 50 anos, hoje com 80% de cura nos melhores Centros de Oncologia Pediátrica do mundo. A história da Oncologia Pediátrica nos países desenvolvidos sintetiza em três pilares as bases para o sucesso alcançado: o modelo de trabalho cooperativo de grupos de estudos multi-institucionais; a união da clínica à pesquisa laboratorial; e a centralização do cuidado. O presente artigo sumariza o histórico dos esforços empreendidos no Brasil e as ações sugeridas pela comunidade científica para acelerar os resultados, se considerados e incluídos na Política Nacional de Controle do Câncer.
Basic Methods for Working with Poetic Texts at Russian as a Foreign Language Lessons
Authors: G. Shtyrlina Ekaterina
Published: April 2019

Study of authentic literary works is an integral part of teaching Russian as a foreign language. It is literary texts, accumulating the historical experience of a nation and express its spiritual essence, that become an effective tool of learning a foreign culture, mentality, and values of native speakers. This research used the following methods: methodological, philological literature search on the research topic; verification of the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines in the teaching process. Results showed that poetic text used at Russian as a Foreign Language lessons stimulates interest and motivation to learn Russian, contributes to language knowledge arrangement, development of basic communication skills, improvement of speech skills, and formation of linguacultural competence. The authors concluded that the best form of poetic text classes in a foreign audience is heuristic conversation focusing on the semantic sensing of a text by interpreting its linguistic expression means. The system of poetic text-based tasks should be aimed at mastering the linguistic material, understanding the message and the figurative content of the work. Text interpretation should include the students’ familiarization with the cross-cultural information which is the object of comparison of their native culture and Russian culture, their own and other people’s perception of reality.
Brand Image Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Išoraitė Margarita
Published: April 2019

The article analyzes the image of a brand and a brand image, brand value assessment methods, brand value, and benefits. A brand is a word or phrase that identifies and separates goods belonging to one person from belonging to another person. A brand is one of the elements of marketing, advertising. High-quality brand brings significant benefits to the manufacturer or the trader. A brand name may consist of a brand name and a brand symbol. There is several brand value evaluation model analyze in the article, like capital market-oriented brand value model, Aaker's brand value model, the Interbrand Brand Assessment Methodology, which helps evaluate brand value and benefit.
EDUKASI PENGELOLAAN KAKI DIABETIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KLIEN MENGIDENTIFIKASI RISIKO ULKUS DIABETIK
Authors: Habibah Ummu , Nur Busjra M , Chrisanto Eka Yudha
Published: April 2019

EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION OF FOOT ULCERS IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETESBackground: More than 378 million people worldwide suffered DM and nationally there was an increase prevalence of diabetes mellitus with age ≥ 15 years from 1.1% to 2.1%.Purpose: This study was to determined the effect of education for secondary prevention of foot ulcers in people with diabetes.Methods: A quasi-experimental research (Quasy-experiment) was non Equivalent Control Group Design with pretest-posttest form. The number of sample was 38 respondents (19 treatment group, 38 control group). The results used dependent test was p-value = 0.000 (p-value < 0.05).Results: The multiple logistic regression, the variables of age, education, history of diabetes and a history of ulcer longer have value p-value> 0.05. The variables of age, education, history of diabetes and a history of ulcer previously not confounding the client's ability level in the treatment group and the control group.Suggestion: This research useful for the hospital management in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers which could be early recognized.Keyword : Education, Diabetes, foot ulcersPendahuluan: Lebih dari 378 juta orang di seluruh dunia mengalami DM dan secara nasional terjadi peningkatan prevalensi kasus DM dengan usia ≥ 15 tahun dari 1,1 % menjadi 2,1%.Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi pengelolaan kaki diabetik terhadap kemampuan klien dalam mengidentifikasi risiko ulkus diabetik.Metode: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Bekasi pada bulan Mei-Juni 2016. Metoda penelitian eksperimen semu (quasy-experiment) yaitu non Equivalent Control Group Design dengan bentuk pretest-postest dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 38 responden (19 kelompok perlakuan, 38 kelompok kontrol). Prosedur pengumpulan data dilakukan empat hari, hari pertama dan kedua dilakukan edukasi, sebelum dilakukan edukasi pada hari pertama dilakukan pre-test.  Hari ketiga latihan mandiri dan post-test dilakukan pada hari keempat.Hasil : Pada uji t-test dependent didapatkan p-value = 0,000 (p-value< 0,05).  Hasil uji regresi linier ganda, variabel usia, pendidikan, riwayat lama DM dan riwayat ulkus mempunyai nilai p-value > 0,05. Variabel usia, pendidikan, riwayat lama DM dan riwayat ulkus bukanlah confounding bagi tingkat kemampuan klien pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.Saran: Penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi pelayanan rumah sakit dalam program pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik yang dapat dikenal oleh klien sejak dini.