bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spinal postural variability relates to biopsychosocial variables in patients with cervicogenic headache
Authors: Mingels Sarah , Dankaerts Wim , van Etten Ludo , Bruckers Liesbeth , Granitzer Marita
Published: July 2021

Patients with cervicogenic headache (CeH) showed lower spinal postural variability (SPV). In a next step, the complex character of such SPV needs to be analysed. Therefore, variables influencing SPV need to be explored. A non-randomized repeated-measure design was applied to analyse relations between biopsychosocial variables and SPV within a CeH-group (n = 18), 29–51 years, and matched control-group (n = 18), 26–52 years. Spinal postural variability, expressed by standard deviations, was deducted from 3D-Vicon motion analysis of habitual spinal postures (degrees). Interactions between SPV and pain processing, lifestyle, psychosocial characteristics were analysed. Pain processing characteristics included symptoms of central sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory), (extra)-cephalic pressure pain thresholds (kPa/cm2/s). Lifestyle characteristics included sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), physical activity, screen-time, sedentary-time (hours a week), position (cm) and inclination (degrees) of the laptop (= desk-setup). Psychosocial characteristics included degree of depression, anxiety and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21), impact of headache on quality of life (Headache Impact Test-6). Spinal postural variability related significantly to intrinsic (stress, anxiety, extra-cephalic pressure pain thresholds, sleep-duration) and extrinsic (desk-setup, screen-time) variables in the CeH-group. In the control-group, SPV related significantly to extra-cephalic pressure pain thresholds. Spinal postural variability related to diverse variables in the CeH-group compared to the control-group. More research is needed into a possible causal relationship and its clinical implication.
Long-term vegetation restoration increases deep soil carbon storage in the Northern Loess Plateau
Authors: Lan Zhilong , Zhao Ying , Zhang Jianguo , Jiao Rui , Khan Muhammad Numan , Sial Tanveer Ali , Si Bingcheng
Published: July 2021

Afforestation plays an important role in soil carbon storage and water balance. However, there is a lack of information on deep soil carbon and water storage. The study investigates the effect of returning farmland to the forest on soil carbon accumulation and soil water consumption in 20-m deep soil profile in the hilly and gully region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Four sampling sites were selected: Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco forest (PO: oriental arborvitae), Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. Forest (PT: southern Chinese pine), apple orchard (AO) and farmland (FL, as a control). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) content were measured in 50-cm sampling intervals of 20-m soil profiles, as well as the associated factors (e.g. soil water content). The mean SOC content of PT was the highest in the 1–5 m layer and that of FL was the lowest (p < 0.05). Compared with FL, the SOC storages of PO, PT and AO increased by 2.20, 6.33 and 0.90 kg m−2 (p > 0.05), respectively, in the whole profile. The SIC content was relatively uniform throughout the profile at all land-use types and SIC storage was 9–10 times higher than SOC storage. The soil water storage of PO, PT and AO was significantly different from that of FL with a decrease of 1169.32, 1161.60 and 1139.63 mm, respectively. After the 36-yrs implementation of the “Grain for Green” Project, SOC in 20 m soil profiles increased as a water depletion cost compared with FL. Further investigation is still needed to understand the deep soil water and carbon interactions regarding ecological restoration sustainability in the Northern Loess Plateau.
Genetic basis and network underlying synergistic roots and shoots biomass accumulation revealed by genome-wide association studies in rice
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yin Zhigang , Wang Xueqiang , Jiang Conghui , Aslam Muhammad Mahran , Gao Fenghua , Pan Yinghua , Xie Jianyin , Zhu Xiaoyang , Dong Luhao , Liu Yanhe , Zhang Hongliang , Li Jinjie , Li Zichao
Published: July 2021

Genetic basis and network studies underlying synergistic biomass accumulation of roots and shoots (SBA) are conducive for rational design of high-biomass rice breeding. In this study, association signals for root weight, shoot weight, and the ratio of root-to-shoot mass (R/S) were identified using 666 rice accessions by genome-wide association study, together with their sub-traits, root length, root thickness and shoot length. Most association signals for root weight and shoot weight did not show association with their sub-traits. Based on the results, we proposed a top-to-bottom model for SBA, i.e. root weight, shoot weight and R/S were determined by their highest priority in contributing to biomass in the regulatory pathway, followed by a lower priority pathway for their sub-traits. Owing to 37 enriched clusters with more than two association signals identified, the relationship among the six traits could be also involved in linkage and pleiotropy. Furthermore, a discrimination of pleiotropy and LD at sequencing level using the known gene OsPTR9 for root weight, R/S and root length was provided. The results of given moderate correlation between traits and their corresponding sub-traits, and moderate additive effects between a trait and the accumulation of excellent alleles corresponding to its sub-traits supported a bottom-to-top regulation model for SBA. This model depicted each lowest-order trait (root length, root thickness and shoot length) was determined by its own regulation loci, and competition among different traits, as well as the pleiotropy and LD. All above ensure the coordinated development of each trait and the accumulation of the total biomass, although the predominant genetic basis of SBA is still indistinguishable. The presentation of the above two models and evidence of this study shed light on dissecting the genetic architecture of SBA.
A randomized double blinded placebo controlled study to evaluate motor unit abnormalities after experimentally induced sensitization using capsaicin
Authors: Evans Valerie , Koh Ryan G. L. , Duarte Felipe C. K. , Linde Lukas , Amiri Mohammadreza , Kumbhare Dinesh
Published: July 2021

Central sensitization is a condition that represents a cascade of neurological adaptations, resulting in an amplification of nociceptive responses from noxious and non-noxious stimuli. However, whether this abnormality translates into motor output and more specifically, ventral horn abnormalities, needs to be further explored. Twenty healthy participants aged 20–70 were randomly allocated to topical capsaicin or a placebo topical cream which was applied onto their left upper back to induce a transient state of sensitization. Visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of pain intensity and brush allodynia score (BAS) were used to determine the presence of pain and secondary allodynia. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) were used to record motor unit activity from the upper trapezius and infraspinatus muscles before and twenty minutes after application of capsaicin/placebo. Motor unit recruitment and variability were analyzed in the sEMG and iEMG, respectively. An independent t-test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were performed on the data. The sEMG results demonstrated a shift in the motor unit recruitment pattern in the upper trapezius muscle, while the iEMG showed a change in motor unit variability after application of capsaicin. These results suggest that capsaicin-induced central sensitization may cause changes in ventral horn excitability outside of the targeted spinal cord segment, affecting efferent pathway outputs. This preclinical evidence may provide some explanation for the influence of central sensitization on changes in movement patterns that occur in patients who have pain encouraging of further clinical investigation.

Clinical Trials registration number: NCT04361149; date of registration: 24-Apr-2020.
Evaluation on soil fertility quality under biochar combined with nitrogen reduction
Authors: Tian Xiaoqin , Li Zhuo , Wang Yifan , Li Biao , Wang Longchang
Published: July 2021

A two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted in purple soil in southwest China, to clarify the effects of biochar (0, 10, 20 and 40 t ha−1, namely, B0, B10, B20 and B40) combined with nitrogen reduction (100%, 80% and 60% of conventional nitrogen application rate, namely, N100, N80 and N60) on soil fertility. The performance of thirty-four indices related to soil chemical, physical and biological properties was evaluated by gray correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis to determine the most appropriate mode for soil fertilization, and to identify the main soil environmental factors affecting rapeseed yield under the biochar combined with nitrogen reduction. The results indicated that available phosphorus, geometric mean diameter of water stability, fungi number, and the utilization of sugars, amino acids, polymers and carboxylic acids by microorganisms could be used as the main soil factors affecting rapeseed yield. The highest score of soil quality was observed in N100B10 treatment, followed by N80B10 and N100B20 treatments, which were almost in line with the results of rapeseed yields. Cluster analysis classified 12 treatments into 5 main groups on the basis of the measured parameters, which was mostly consistent with the result of soil quality scores. Considering both economic and environmental benefits, 10 t ha−1biochar combined with 144 kg ha−1nitrogen was the best combination to restore crop productivity and soil quality, and to achieve nitrogen decreasing and benefit increasing. This study provided scientific basis for the rational fertilization and scientific management of biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer in purple soil area of southwest China.
The effects of body position and actual execution on motor imagery of locomotor tasks in people with a lower-limb amputation
Authors: Saimpont Arnaud , Malouin Francine , Durand Anne , Mercier Catherine , di Rienzo Franck , Saruco Elodie , Collet Christian , Guillot Aymeric , Jackson Philip L.
Published: July 2021

Motor imagery (MI) is usually facilitated when performed in a congruent body position to the imagined movement, as well as after actual execution (AE). A lower-limb amputation (LLA) results in important structural and functional changes in the sensorimotor system, which can alter MI. In this study, we investigated the effects of body position and AE on the temporal characteristics of MI in people with LLA. Ten participants with LLA (mean age = 59.6 ± 13.9 years, four females) and ten gender- and age-matched healthy control participants (mean age = 60.1 ± 15.4 years, four females) were included. They performed two locomotor-related tasks (a walking task and the Timed Up and Go task) while MI times were measured in different conditions (in congruent/incongruent positions and before/after AE). We showed that MI times were significantly shorter when participants imagined walking in a congruent-standing position compared to an incongruent-sitting position, and when performing MI after actual walking compared to before, in both groups. Shorter MI times in the congruent position and after AE suggest an improvement of MI’s temporal accuracy (i.e. the ability to match AE time during MI) in healthy individuals but not in the LLA group.
Rhizobacteria from ‘flowering desert’ events contribute to the mitigation of water scarcity stress during tomato seedling germination and growth
Authors: Astorga-Eló Marcia , Gonzalez Susett , Acuña Jacquelinne J. , Sadowsky Michael J. , Jorquera Milko A.
Published: July 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable cultivated around the world. Under field conditions, tomato can be negatively affected by water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions. The application of native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from arid environments has been proposed as an inoculant to mitigate abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, we evaluated rhizobacteria from Cistanthe longiscapa (syn Calandrinia litoralis and Calandrinia longiscapa), a representative native plant of flowering desert (FD) events (Atacama Desert, Chile), to determine their ability to reduce water scarcity stress on tomato seedlings. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized with respect to their PGPR traits, including P solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, and tryptophan-induced auxin and exopolysaccharide production. Three PGPR consortia were formulated with isolated Bacillus strains and then applied to tomato seeds, and then, the seedlings were exposed to different levels of water limitations. In general, tomato seeds and seedlings inoculated with the PGPR consortia presented significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater plant growth (48 to 60 cm of height and 171 to 214 g of weight) and recovery rates (88 to 100%) compared with those without inoculation (37 to 51 cm of height; 146 to 197 g of fresh weight; 54 to 92% of recovery) after exposure to a lack of irrigation over different time intervals (24, 72 and 120 h) before transplantation. Our results revealed the effectiveness of the formulated PGPR consortia from FD to improve the performance of inoculated seeds and seedlings subjected to water scarcity; thus, the use of these consortia can represent an alternative approach for farmers facing drought events and water scarcity associated with climate change in semiarid and arid regions worldwide.
Chronic glucocorticoid treatment induces hepatic lipid accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia in part through actions on AgRP neurons
Authors: Harno Erika , Sefton Charlotte , Wray Jonathan R. , Allen Tiffany-Jayne , Davies Alison , Coll Anthony P. , White Anne
Published: July 2021

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed anti-inflammatory medicines, but their use can lead to metabolic side-effects. These may occur through direct actions of GCs on peripheral organs, but could also be mediated by the hypothalamic AgRP neurons, which can increase food intake and modify peripheral metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of chronic treatment with the GC corticosterone (Cort, 75 μg/ml in drinking water) in mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on AgRP neurons. Female AgRP-GR KO mice had delayed onset of Cort-induced hyperphagia. However, AgRP-GR KO had little impact on the increased body weight or adiposity seen with 3 weeks Cort treatment. Cort caused hepatic steatosis in control mice, but in Cort treated female AgRP-GR KO mice there was a 25% reduction in liver lipid content and lower plasma triglycerides. Additionally, Cort treatment led to hyperinsulinaemia, but compared to controls, Cort-treated AgRP-GR KO mice had both lower fasting insulin levels and lower insulin levels during a glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, these data indicate that GCs do act through AgRP neurons to contribute, at least in part, to the adverse metabolic consequences of chronic GC treatment.
Copper single-atoms embedded in 2D graphitic carbon nitride for the CO2 reduction
Authors: Cometto Claudio , Ugolotti Aldo , Grazietti Elisa , Moretto Alessandro , Bottaro Gregorio , Armelao Lidia , Di Valentin Cristiana , Calvillo Laura , Granozzi Gaetano
Published: July 2021

We report the study of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) functionalized with copper single atoms as a catalyst for the reduction of CO2 (CO2RR). The correct GCN structure, as well as the adsorption sites and the coordination of the Cu atoms, was carefully determined by combining experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, with DFT theoretical calculations. The CO2RR products in KHCO3 and phosphate buffer solutions were determined by rotating ring disk electrode measurements and confirmed by 1H-NMR and gas chromatography. Formate was the only liquid product obtained in bicarbonate solution, whereas only hydrogen was obtained in phosphate solution. Finally, we demonstrated that GCN is a promising substrate able to stabilize metal atoms, since the characterization of the Cu-GCN system after the electrochemical work did not show the aggregation of the copper atoms.
FUT6 deficiency compromises basophil function by selectively abrogating their sialyl-Lewis x expression
Authors: Puan Kia Joo , San Luis Boris , Yusof Nurhashikin , Kumar Dilip , Andiappan Anand Kumar , Lee Wendy , Cajic Samanta , Vuckovic Dragana , Chan Jing De , Döllner Tobias , Hou Han Wei , Jiang Yunxuan , Tian Chao ,   the 23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Babalola Elizabeth , Bell Robert K. , Bielenberg Jessica , Bryc Katarzyna , Bullis Emily , Cameron Briana , Coker Daniella , Partida Gabriel Cuellar , Dhamija Devika , Das Sayantan , Elson Sarah L. , Filshtein Teresa , Fletez-Brant Kipper , Fontanillas Pierre , Freyman Will , Gandhi Pooja M. , Heilbron Karl , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Kleinman Aaron , Kukar Katelyn , Lane Vanessa , Lin Keng-Han , Lowe Maya , Luff Marie K. , McCreight Jennifer C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Micheletti Steven J. , Moreno Meghan E. , Mountain Joanna L. , Mozaffari Sahar V. , Nandakumar Priyanka , Noblin Elizabeth S. , O’Connell Jared , Petrakovitz Aaron A. , Poznik G. David , Schumacher Morgan , Shastri Anjali J. , Shelton Janie F. , Shi Jingchunzi , Shringarpure Suyash , Tran Vinh , Tung Joyce Y. , Wang Xin , Wang Wei , Weldon Catherine H. , Wilton Peter , Rapp Erdmann , Poidinger Michael , Wang De Yun , Soranzo Nicole , Lee Bernett , Rötzschke Olaf
Published: July 2021

Sialyl-Lewis x (sLex, CD15s) is a tetra-saccharide on the surface of leukocytes required for E-selectin-mediated rolling, a prerequisite for leukocytes to migrate out of the blood vessels. Here we show using flow cytometry that sLexexpression on basophils and mast cell progenitors depends on fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6). Using genetic association data analysis and qPCR, the cell type-specific defect was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theFUT6gene region (tagged by rs17855739 and rs778798), affecting coding sequence and/or expression level of the mRNA. Heterozygous individuals with one functionalFUT6gene harbor a mixed population of sLex+and sLex-basophils, a phenomenon caused by random monoallelic expression (RME). Microfluidic assay demonstratedFUT6-deficient basophils rolling on E-selectin is severely impaired.FUT6null alleles carriers exhibit elevated blood basophil counts and a reduced itch sensitivity against insect bites.FUT6-deficiency thus dampens the basophil-mediated allergic response in the periphery, evident also in lower IgE titers and reduced eosinophil counts.
Potential evidence for transgenerational epigenetic memory in Arabidopsis thaliana following spaceflight
Authors: Xu Peipei , Chen Haiying , Hu Jinbo , Cai Weiming
Published: July 2021

Plants grown in spaceflight exhibited differential methylation responses and this is important because plants are sessile, they are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental pressures and respond to them in many ways. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis genome exhibited lower methylation level after spaceflight for 60 h in orbit. Here, using the offspring of the seedlings grown in microgravity environment in the SJ-10 satellite for 11 days and returned to Earth, we systematically studied the potential effects of spaceflight on DNA methylation, transcriptome, and phenotype in the offspring. Whole-genome methylation analysis in the first generation of offspring (F1) showed that, although there was no significant difference in methylation level as had previously been observed in the parent plants, some residual imprints of DNA methylation differences were detected. Combined DNA methylation and RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that expression of many pathways, such as the abscisic acid-activated pathway, protein phosphorylation, and nitrate signaling pathway, etc. were enriched in the F1 population. As some phenotypic differences still existed in the F2 generation, it was suggested that these epigenetic DNA methylation modifications were partially retained, resulting in phenotypic differences in the offspring. Furthermore, some of the spaceflight-induced heritable differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were retained. Changes in epigenetic modifications caused by spaceflight affected the growth of two future seed generations. Altogether, our research is helpful in better understanding the adaptation mechanism of plants to the spaceflight environment.
A critical overview of computational approaches employed for COVID-19 drug discovery
Authors: Muratov Eugene N. , Amaro Rommie , Andrade Carolina H. , Brown Nathan , Ekins Sean , Fourches Denis , Isayev Olexandr , Kozakov Dima , Medina-Franco José L. , Merz Kenneth M. , Oprea Tudor I. , Poroikov Vladimir , Schneider Gisbert , Todd Matthew H. , Varnek Alexandre , Winkler David A. , Zakharov Alexey V. , Cherkasov Artem , Tropsha Alexander
Published: July 2021

We cover diverse methodologies, computational approaches, and case studies illustrating the ongoing efforts to develop viable drug candidates for treatment of COVID-19.
Untangling the interaction of α-synuclein with DNA i-motifs and hairpins by volume-sensitive single-molecule FRET spectroscopy
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjib K. , Knop Jim-Marcel , Oliva Rosario , Möbitz Simone , Winter Roland
Published: July 2021

The conformational landscape of noncanonical DNA structures is markedly affected by monomeric and aggregated α-synuclein, by osmolytes such as TMAO, and by pressure.
Visualization of O2/ATP cross-talk in living cells with a smart fluorescent nanoprobe
Authors: Chen Shiya , Yu Dingwen , Zhong Wen , Liu Jin , Liu Jun , Liu Bo , Zheng Jing , Yang Ronghua
Published: July 2021

We propose a dual-responsive fluorescent nanoprobe to visualize the cross-talk between O2 and ATP in living cells. We hope it will be a helpful tool for understanding cellular metabolism and further facilitating risk warning in premalignant lesions.
Framework coordination of single-ion Cu2+sites in hydrated17O-ZSM-5 zeolite
Authors: Actis Arianna , Salvadori Enrico , Chiesa Mario
Published: July 2021

The interfacial coordination chemistry of water solvated single Cu2+sites in ZSM-5 is assessed through pulsed EPR spectroscopy and selective17O isotopic labelling.
Boosting free radical type photocatalysis over Pd/Fe-MOFs by coordination structure engineering
Authors: Cheng Hongmei , Zang Cuicui , Bian Fengxia , Jiang Yanke , Yang Lin , Dong Fan , Jiang Heyan
Published: July 2021

The development of novel heterogeneous photocatalytic systems, along with a deep understanding of the relationship between the catalytic center chemical environment and the catalytic performance, is of great significance.
Electrocatalytic water oxidation by a water-soluble copper complex with a pentadentate amine-pyridine ligand
Authors: Xu Ziyi , Zheng Zilin , Chen Qi , Wang Jiayi , Yu Kaishan , Xia Xin , Shen Junyu , Zhang Qijian
Published: July 2021

A water-soluble copper complex bearing a pentadentate N5 ligand works as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the water oxidation reaction in basic aqueous solution.
Sulfidation of nickel foam with enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Wang Wei , Kong Fanhao , Zhang Zhe , Yang Lan , Wang Min
Published: July 2021

Ni3S2/NF significantly improves the electrocatalytic performance of HMF oxidation to FDCA.
Preparation of hollow metal–organic frameworks via epitaxial protection and selective etching
Authors: Chen Peican , Chen Jiawei , Hu Xuefu , Wang Cheng
Published: July 2021

Hollow metal–organic frameworks are produced by epitaxial growth of protective layers on the crystal surface and selective etching of the interior.
Retinal organoids on-a-chip: a micro-millifluidic bioreactor for long-term organoid maintenance
Authors: Xue Yuntian , Seiler Magdalene J. , Tang William C. , Wang Jasmine Y. , Delgado Jeffrey , McLelland Bryce T. , Nistor Gabriel , Keirstead Hans S. , Browne Andrew W.
Published: July 2021

We described an automated microfluidic bioreactor manufactured using soft lithography from 3D printed molds, and optimized for long-term retinal organoid maintenance with functional imaging.
Polyphenol-mediated chitin self-assembly for constructing a fully naturally resourced hydrogel with high strength and toughness
Authors: Lin Xinghuan , Zhang Lina , Duan Bo
Published: July 2021

Polyphenols compete with chitin self-assembly to form the weak chitin–polyphenol and strong chitin–chitin network within the chitin hydrogel, which then exhibits high strength and toughness (7 times and 5 times higher than pure chitin hydrogel).
Single molecule magnet behavior and magnetic refrigeration of carbonyl oxygen-bridged tetranuclear lanthanide complexes
Authors: Yang Chen , Wei Yu-Heng , Xu Shuang , Zhang Hao-Yu , Yang Yue-Qi , Zhang Bo , Fang Ming
Published: July 2021

Three lanthanide complexes were fabricated and characterized. 1 exhibited cryogenic magnetic refrigeration property and 3 displayed slow relaxation of the magnetization.
Polyethylene glycol-stabilized bimetallic nickel–zero valent iron nanoparticles for efficient removal of Cr(vi)
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhong Dengjie , Xu Yunlan , Zhong Nianbing
Published: July 2021

In order to solve the agglomeration of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and improve its performance in pollutant treatment, polyethylene glycol-stabilized nickel modified nZVI (Ni/Fe–PEG) was synthesized by a liquid-phase reduction method and used to treat Cr(vi) solution for the first time.
Nonflammable UV protective films consisting of clay and lignin with tunable light/gas transparency
Authors: Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Suzuki Asami , Otsuka Yuichiro
Published: July 2021

Nonflammable UV protective films consisting of clay and lignin with tunable light/gas transparency were prepared.
Exploring benzylic gem-C(sp3)–boron–silicon and boron–tin centers as a synthetic platform
Authors: Chen Wei W. , Fernández Nahiane Pipaon , Baranda Marta Díaz , Cunillera Anton , Rodríguez Laura G. , Shafir Alexandr , Cuenca Ana B.
Published: July 2021

This work explores divergent reactivity of the benzylic gem-boron–silicon and boron–tin double nucleophiles, including the arylation of the C–B bond with Ar–Cl, along with a complementary oxidative λ3-iodane-guided arylation of the C–Si/Sn moiety.
Correction: Single-molecule FRET and conformational analysis of beta-arrestin-1 through genetic code expansion and a Se-click reaction
Authors: Han Ming-Jie , He Qing-tao , Yang Mengyi , Chen Chao , Yao Yirong , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Yuchuan , Zhu Zhong-liang , Zhu Kong-kai , Qu Changxiu , Yang Fan , Hu Cheng , Guo Xuzhen , Zhang Dawei , Chen Chunlai , Sun Jin-peng , Wang Jiangyun
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘Single-molecule FRET and conformational analysis of beta-arrestin-1 through genetic code expansion and a Se-click reaction’ by Ming-Jie Han et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1SC02653D.
Shock-induced collapse of surface nanobubbles
Authors: Dockar Duncan , Gibelli Livio , Borg Matthew K.
Published: July 2021

Liquid jets that develop in surface nanobubble collapse are weaker than in similar sized spherical bubble collapse, resulting in reduced damage and a constant pit depth, independent of initial bubble size.
Circulating lncRNA UCA1 and lncRNA PGM5-AS1 act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Minghui , Zhang Zhijun , Pan Deng , Xin Zhigang , Bu Fan , Zhang Yue , Tian Qingwu , Feng Xiaodong
Published: July 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and significant malignant diseases worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC patients as diagnostic markers for early-stage CRC.

Methods: Using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE102340, GSE126092, GSE109454 and GSE115856, 14 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between cancer and adjacent tissues, among which, the two most differentially expressed were confirmed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 200 healthy controls and 188 CRC patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for CRC.

Results: From four GEO datasets, three up-regulated and eleven down-regulated lncRNAs were identified in CRC tissues, among which, lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) and lncRNA phosphoglucomutase 5-antisense RNA 1 (PGM5-AS1) were the most significantly up- and down-regulated lncRNAs in CRC patient plasma, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to be 0.766, 0.754 and 0.798 for UCA1, PGM5-AS1 and the combination of these two lncRNAs, respectively. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of these two lncRNAs was even higher for the early stages of CRC. The combination of UCA1 and PGM5-AS1 enhanced the AUC to 0.832, and when the lncRNAs were used with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the AUC was further improved to 0.874.

Conclusion: In the present study, we identified two lncRNAs, UCA1 and PGM5-AS1, in CRC patients’ plasma, which have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers of CRC.
Filter synthesis approach for the extended box section networks
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Zhu Senyu , Wu Qingqiang , Li Liang
Published: July 2021

Cross‐coupled microwave filter with flexible topology is an essential component in a modern communication system. Among the various filter networks, the use of an extended box section can effectively reduce the difficulty of filter design, but the synthesis approach for this popular structure is not well developed. This paper presents the synthesis method based on the folded coupling matrix to derive the extended box sections. At the same time, an eighth‐degree filter with extended sixth‐degree box sections is synthesized to demonstrate the correctness of the approach. Finally, the new approach's feature to derive advanced circuits such as peculiar quintets is discussed, indicating that it has certain universality.
Multi‐dimensional weighted cross‐attention network in crowded scenes
Authors: Xie Yefan , Zheng Jiangbin , Hou Xuan , Naqvi Irfan Raza , Xi Yue , Kuang Nailiang
Published: July 2021

Human detection in crowded scenes is one of the research components of crowd safety problem analysis, such as emergency warning and security monitoring platforms. Although the existing anchor‐free methods have fast inference speed, they are not suitable for object detection in crowded scenes due to the model's inability to predict the well‐fined object detection bounding boxes. This work proposes an end‐to‐end anchor‐free network, Multi‐dimensional Weighted Cross‐Attention Network (MANet), which can perform real‐time human detection in crowded scenes. Specifically, the Double‐flow Weighted Feature Cascade Module (DW‐FCM) is used in the extractor to highlight the contribution of features at different levels. The Triplet Cross Attention Module (TCAM) is used in the detector head to enhance the association dependence of multi‐dimension features, further strengthening human boundary features' discrimination ability at a fine‐grained level. Moreover, the strategy of Adaptively Opposite Thrust Mapping (AOTM) ground‐truth annotation is proposed to achieve bias correction of erroneous mappings and reduce the iterations of useless learning of the network. These strategies effectively alleviate the defect that the existing anchor‐free network cannot correctly distinguish and locate the individual human in crowded scenes. Compared with the anchor‐based detection method, there is no need to set anchor parameters manually, and the detection speed can satisfy the real‐time application. Finally, through extensive comparative experiments on CrowdHuman and WIDER FACE datasets, the results demonstrate that the improved strategy achieves the state‐of‐the‐art result in the anchor‐free methods.
Using the sample variance of 21 cm maps as a tracer of the ionisation topology
Authors: Gorce A. , Hutter A. , Pritchard J. R.
Published: July 2021

Intensity mapping of the 21 cm signal of neutral hydrogen will yield exciting insights into the Epoch of Reionisation and the nature of the first galaxies. However, the large amount of data that will be generated by the next generation of radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array, as well as the numerous observational obstacles to overcome, require analysis techniques tuned to extract the reionisation history and morphology. In this context, we introduce a one-point statistic, which we refer to as the local variance,σloc, that describes the distribution of the mean differential 21 cm brightness temperatures measured in two-dimensional maps along the frequency direction of a light cone. The local variance takes advantage of what is usually considered an observational bias, the sample variance. We find the redshift-evolution of the local variance to not only probe the reionisation history of the observed patches of the sky, but also trace the ionisation morphology. This estimator provides a promising tool to constrain the midpoint of reionisation as well as gain insight into the ionising properties of early galaxies.
Evolutionary view through the starless cores in Taurus
Authors: Navarro-Almaida D. , Fuente A. , Majumdar L. , Wakelam V. , Caselli P. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Treviño-Morales S. P. , Cazaux S. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Kramer C. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Kirk J. M. , Ward-Thompson D. , Tafalla M.
Published: July 2021

Context. The chemical and physical evolution of starless and pre-stellar cores are of paramount importance to understanding the process of star formation. The Taurus Molecular Cloud cores TMC 1-C and TMC 1-CP share similar initial conditions and provide an excellent opportunity to understand the evolution of the pre-stellar core phase.

Aims. We investigated the evolutionary stage of starless cores based on observations towards the prototypical dark cores TMC 1-C and TMC 1-CP.

Methods. We mapped the prototypical dark cores TMC 1-C and TMC 1-CP in the CS 3 → 2, C34S 3 → 2, 13CS 2 → 1, DCN 1 → 0, DCN 2 → 1, DNC 1 → 0, DNC 2 → 1, DN13C 1 → 0, DN13C 2 → 1, N2H+ 1 → 0, and N2D+ 1 → 0 transitions. We performed a multi-transitional study of CS and its isotopologs, DCN, and DNC lines to characterize the physical and chemical properties of these cores. We studied their chemistry using the state-of-the-art gas-grain chemical code NAUTILUS and pseudo time-dependent models to determine their evolutionary stage.

Results. The central nH volume density, the N2H+ column density, and the abundances of deuterated species are higher in TMC 1-C than in TMC 1-CP, yielding a higher N2H+ deuterium fraction in TMC 1-C, thus indicating a later evolutionary stage for TMC 1-C. The chemical modeling with pseudo time-dependent models and their radiative transfer are in agreement with this statement, allowing us to estimate a collapse timescale of ~1 Myr for TMC 1-C. Models with a younger collapse scenario or a collapse slowed down by a magnetic support are found to more closely reproduce the observations towards TMC 1-CP.

Conclusions. Observational diagnostics seem to indicate that TMC 1-C is in a later evolutionary stage than TMC 1-CP, with a chemical age ~1 Myr. TMC 1-C shows signs of being an evolved core at the onset of star formation, while TMC 1-CP appears to be in an earlier evolutionary stage due to a more recent formation or, alternatively, a collapse slowed down by a magnetic support.
Calculation of a radially nonhomogeneous ring loaded with normal and tangential loads
Authors: Andreeva Vladimir , Nosyrinb Vladislav
Published: July 2021

In a two-dimensional plane problem of the theory of elasticity in polar coordinates for a nonhomogeneous body, it is possible to obtain analytical or numerical-analytical solutions only for a one-dimensional nonuniformity [1 - 3]. As a rule, this is possible when all unknown functions depend on the radius. These tasks correspond to the majority of ring and cylindrical structures exposed to the axisymmetric effects of temperature, radiation, humidity, etc. The article considers the problem when radial and ring loads are unevenly distributed along the outer surface of the ring. The problem is solved by two methods: analytical and numerical-analytical, the methods comparison is presented.
Merged contact layer in adhesion mechanics
Authors: Tsybin Nikita
Published: July 2021

Predicting bond strength is the most common task in adhesion mechanics. To solve these problems, a contact layer model which describes the interaction of the substrate and adhesive layers, can be used. With the use of this model, which provides calculating the inhomogeneous stress-strain state of adhesive joints, a wide range of problems has been solved. Despite the fact that solutions, as a rule, are obtained in a closed analytical form, their use for processing experimental data can be difficult due to its complexity. In this regard a method that makes it possible to reduce the order of the resolving system of equations by introducing an integral contact layer connecting the adhesive layer and adjacent contact layers is proposed in this work. The application of this approach is demonstrated by the example of the most common adhesive lapped joint. As a result, the formulas for determining the parameters of the integral contact layer have been obtained. Comparison of the results obtained for the exact solution of the problem with the results obtained for the models with an integral contact layer is carried out.
Analysis of the historical and architectural environment of Maykop in the context of architectural heritage
Authors: Subbotin Oleg
Published: July 2021

The historical aspects of the Maykop city formation are highlighted from the architectural and town-planning heritage point of view. The evolution of the spatial environment of Maykop in the historical part of the city is considered. A retrospective analysis of the settlement architectural and planning organization during the formation of the military fortification, taking into account the strategic and natural-climatic factors, is carried out. Some monuments of the architectural heritage of the late 19th - early 20th centuries are presented. The features of the organization of the historical and architectural environment in the process of its formation are revealed. The most significant problems of preserving the considered heritage in the historical environment of the settlement are generalized.
Prospects for the use of modern resource-saving technologies in construction and assessment of their use effectiveness on transparent insulation in the walls of buildings
Authors: Sekisov Aleksandr , Kvetenadze Konstantin , Babich Anna , Fenina Elina , Shabanov Rustam
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the solution of the problem of saving energy resources started to be approached on a scientific basis - in an integrated and comprehensive manner. The thoughtless use of natural resources: coal, oil, gas, deforestation (the use of wood as a raw material for industry), the ever-increasing consumption of energy - all this the world’s population spends for their domestic needs, and the rapidly developing industry for technical needs. This problem was aggravated by the rise in oil and gas prices by international oil concerns, which allowed them to sharply increase their profits. The so-called energy crisis broke out. Today, as never before, the question of saving energy resources and their rational use in all areas of human life arises. The purpose of this article is to study the prospects for the use of modern resource-saving technologies and assessment in construction industry.
Usability engineering of an information model simulating emergency scenarios at construction facilities
Authors: Mokhov Andrey , Demin Evgenii , Doroshenko Anna
Published: July 2021

The transition to the construction facilities design, that involves the application of information models, strengthens the requirements for the comfortable perception of such models by their users and consumers. The presented research work has a description of an information model that accompanies a construction facility at each stage of its lifecycle. The article addresses the usability notion in the context of the emergency scenarios’ information modelling at construction facilities. The co-authors offer an infographic model of a building information model lifecycle. The information model lifecycle analysis has given an opportunity to identify the production and consumption stages of an information model. Positions of the stakeholders, involved in the usability engineering of an information model, have been determined.
Assessment of the innovation ecosystem reproductive potential
Authors: Ivanova Oksana , Belikova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The technological development of the national economy in modern conditions is impossible without the creation of a stable innovation ecosystem, capable of a continuous process of the innovations expanded reproduction. Within the framework of the innovation ecosystem, conditions should be created not only for innovation, but also for the active introduction of innovative products. This is especially true for the construction industry, which is the engine of economic growth. In order to analyze the ability of an innovation ecosystem to reproduce innovations, the authors proposed a methodology for assessing the reproductive potential of an innovation ecosystem, which is based on the index method. A distinctive feature of the proposed methodology is the formation of a system of indicators relative to the main stages of innovation reproduction. In most scientific studies, the analysis is based on the assessment of the activities of economic entities involved in innovation. The methodology was tested at the regional level. In this case, an analysis of the industry specifics is possible. The results obtained make it possible to assess the reproductive potential of an innovation ecosystem, to identify the problematic stages in the innovations’ creation and implementation, which contributes to the possibility of using the additional levers for intensifying economic growth.
Using public-private partnerships to improve the efficiency of housing and communal services
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Nianko Viktoriia
Published: July 2021

The attraction of private capital in the sphere of housing and communal services is widely used in economically developed countries of the world. This makes it possible to accelerate the introduction of modern innovative technologies, to take a step towards updating fixed assets and improving the efficiency of the functioning of housing and communal services enterprises. In our opinion, a very promising direction of reforming the enterprises of the housing and communal complex is the use of public-private partnership. The use of the public-private partnership tool makes it possible to distribute between the state and the private investor not only the profit, but also the risks associated with obtaining this profit. lose cooperation of private business with the state in the housing and communal services sector allows to reduce the level of energy consumption of this industry, increase tax revenues and achieve the transfer of the most effective innovative technologies to the municipal sector. Public-private partnerships can be important when solving problems that require private investment in the housing and utilities sector. It creates conditions for attracting investment in projects related to the functioning of housing and communal services, which are of primary importance for improving the standard of living of the population.
Concession use to improve the housing and communal services efficiency
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Nianko Viktoriia
Published: July 2021

Among the main reasons hindering the housing and communal complex development in Ukraine are the physically and morally outdated material and technical base, inefficient management structure and a significant share of state ownership. The lack of proper control over the tariff policy and the high cost of production make it necessary to find the new approaches to solving the problems related to the housing and communal services functioning. Attracting private investors to the housing and communal services makes it possible to reduce the financial burden on the budget, and also gives a possibility to make the enterprises that make up the housing and communal services profitable and ensure the provision of proper quality public services. Transfer use of housing and communal services enterprises to the concession management is a fairly effective form of public-private cooperation in this area. Housing and communal services are an important tool for improving the living standards of the population. Ensuring the housing and communal services efficiency growth is possible only if it is technically modernized. The solution to this problem can be achieved by attracting private investors to the industry, at the same time, the state should provide favorable conditions for these investors.
Features of the state pricing system in construction in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ivanova Oksana , Ivanova Daria , Sukhinin Sergey
Published: July 2021

Pricing in construction is the process of calculating the price of construction objects based on the estimated cost of construction materials and construction and installation work. It is carried out under the control and with the direct participation of specialized government bodies. Improvement of the public administration system in construction is transforming the approaches and methods of state pricing in the industry. This is due to the desire to more accurately and objectively take into account all the costs incurred in the course of construction and installation work, which change primarily under the influence of inflationary processes and the rising cost of building materials. Each erected building or structure in construction has its own individual price. The price for a construction object should not be overstated, but at the same time, it must comply with the established construction standards. In the system of state pricing in construction, two main methods of calculating the estimated cost of a construction object are used - base-index and resource. The first method is based on the use of unit prices developed taking into account the price level in the base period and their adjustment using the estimated cost indices. The resource calculation method is based on current prices for structural materials and construction work. The study provides a comparative assessment of the two methods, determines their effectiveness, identifies the problems of state pricing in construction in the Russian Federation. To achieve transparency in determining the construction cost, it was decided to switch to the resource method of drawing up estimate documentation as more objective, despite the significant laboriousness of calculations.