bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the South African wastewater sludge guidelines
Authors: Snyman H.G. , van Niekerk A.M. , Herselman E. , Wilken J.W.
Published: October 2006

The new South African Wastewater Sludge Guideline Series will replace the document entitled: “Permissible Utilisation and Disposal of Sewage Sludge, Edition 1, 1997” which deals with application of sewage sludge to land.

The new guideline series will be published as 5 volumes:Volume 1: Management Options for the Use or Disposal of Wastewater SludgeVolume 2: Requirements for the agricultural use of wastewater sludgeVolume 3: Requirements for the on site and off-site disposal of wastewater sludgeVolume 4: Requirements for the use of wastewater sludge in the production of commercial productsVolume 5: Requirements for the incineration of wastewater sludgeWe envisage that Volumes 1 and 2 will be published at the time of the conference and that work has begun on Volume 3, 4 and 5. The paper aims to communicate the major differences between the previous sludge guidelines and these new sludge guideline series. For example, the paper details the new wastewater sludge classification system and the requirements for the characterisation of the sludge for classification purposes. The paper will also explain the approach followed in the development of Volume 1 and 2 and will elaborate on the proposed approach for Volumes 3, 4 and 5.
Influence of anaerobic digestion on particle surface charge and optimal polymer dosage
Authors: Braguglia C.M. , Mininni G. , Rolle E.
Published: October 2006

Anaerobic digestion leads to significant changes of the sludge structural matrix, affecting particle size distribution and dewaterability. The surface charge, determined by means of streaming current, can be effectively used to monitor the complex phenomena of floc disruption, colloid formation and chemical conditioning. To study the relation between surface charge and optimal dosage, two different cationic polyelectrolytes were used: Praestol 644, polymer with high molecular weight and low charge density, and Poly Dadmac, with relatively low molecular weight but high charge density. The optimal Poly Dadmac dosage strictly met the value required to neutralise particle charge whereas the optimal dosage of Praestol 644 indicated that the relevant charge was considerably lower than the one required for charge neutralisation. Mechanisms of action are therefore clearly different. Another objective was to investigate the changes of dewatering characteristics of secondary sludge during anaerobic digestion tests at different inoculum content by determining charge density, and optimal polymer dosage. The optimal polyelectrolyte dosage remains almost constant during digestion at high inoculum, but a significant increase in the first period is observed at low inoculum, thus suggesting that the release of colloidal and supracolloidal material from sludge affects dewaterability, especially in the first days of digestion.
Reduction of excess sludge production using mechanical disintegration devices
Authors: Strünkmann G.W. , Müller J.A. , Albert F. , Schwedes J.
Published: October 2006

The usability of mechanical disintegration techniques for the reduction of excess sludge production in the activated sludge process was investigated. Using three different disintegration devices (ultrasonic homogeniser, stirred media mill, high pressure homogeniser) and different operational parameters of the disintegration, the effect of mechanical disintegration on the excess sludge production and on the effluent quality was studied within a continuously operated, laboratory scale wastewater treatment system with pre-denitrification. Depending on the operational conditions and the disintegration device used, a reduction of excess sludge production of up to 70% was achieved. A combination of mechanical disintegration with a membrane bioreactor process with high sludge age is more energy effective concerning reduction of sludge production than with a conventional activated sludge process at lower sludge ages. Depending on the disintegration parameters, the disintegration has no, or only minor, negative effect on the soluble effluent COD and on the COD-removal capacity of the activated sludge process. Nitrogen-removal was slightly deteriorated by the disintegration, whereas the system used was not optimised for nitrogen removal before disintegration was implemented.
Potentially toxic element release by Fenton oxidation of sewage sludge
Authors: Andrews J.P. , Asaadi M. , Clarke B. , Ouki S.
Published: October 2006

The presence, in sewage sludge, of excess levels of the potentially toxic elements (PTE) copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury, could impact on our ability to recycle these residues in the future. Far stricter limits on the levels of PTEs are likely in proposed legislation. A method involving the dosing of Fenton's reagent, a mixture of ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide, under acidic conditions was evaluated for its potential to reduce metal levels. The [Fe]:[H2O2] (w/w) ratio was found to give a good indication of the percentage copper and zinc elution obtainable. Sites with no iron dosing as part of wastewater treatment required extra iron to be added in order to initiate the Fenton's reaction. A significant reduction, in excess of 70%, of the copper and zinc was eluted from both raw primary and activated sludge solid fractions. Cadmium and nickel could be reduced to below detection limits but elution of mercury, lead and chromium was less than 40%. The iron catalyst concentration was found to be a crucial parameter. This process has the potential to reduce the heavy metal content of the sludge and allow the recycling of sludge to continue in a sustainable manner.
The effects of a polyacrylamide-derived water treatment residue on the hydraulic conductivity, water retention and evaporation of four contrasting South African soils and implications for land disposal
Authors: Moodley M. , Hughes J.C.
Published: October 2006

Water treatment residue (WTR), a by-product from the production of potable water, was traditionally disposed of to landfill but there is growing interest in applying this waste to land as an alternative disposal option. Because WTR consists mainly of flocculated fine silt and clay, there is concern that should the residue decompose back to its original constituents, there is an adverse risk for soil water storage and transmission properties of soil. In a laboratory study, four different soil types were amended with a polyacrylamide WTR at rates ranging from 0 to 1,280 Mg ha−1. The treatments were evaluated for changes in water retention, hydraulic conductivity and evaporation. The results showed that WTR decreased bulk density and evaporation and actually increased hydraulic conductivity and water retention, mainly because of the sustained performance of the polymer in binding the silt and clay into gravel-sized aggregates. Such changes were, however, only significant at the 1,280 Mg ha−1 application rate. Therefore, very large amounts of WTR would have to be applied in order to markedly change these inherent physical properties of the soils. In view of this finding, the land treatment of WTR appears possible.
Measurement of the Concentration of Radon Gas in the Toirano's Caves (Liguria)
Authors: Bruzzone Diego , Bussallino Massimo , Castello Gianrico , Maggiolo Stefano , Rossi Daniela
Published: October 2006

The radioactive gas radon, intermediate term of the decay series of uranium and thorium, is the main contamination source of underground places and may be a risk for high concentration and long exposure time. European and Italian law requires radon concentration to be measured in workplaces and, if the “action level” of 500 Bq/m3 is reached, proper actions must be made in order to decrease the dose commitment. Considering natural showcaves or artificial cavities open to public, the exposition of the visitors is frequently small, due to the short residence time, but accompanying people, remaining underground for long time, may be subject to appreciable dose and the radon concentration should therefore be monitored. The high humidity in natural caves may impair the use of some measuring devices. Therefore, different detection methods were compared (ZnS scintillation counters, E‐PERM electret ionisation chambers, cellulose nitrate alpha‐track dosimeters) to select the best procedure for long‐term investigation. The LR‐115 (Kodak) alpha‐track dosimeters were insensitive to humidity and permitted to monitor a great number of places at the same time. Measurements have been carried out in the speleological and archaeological site of the Toirano's Caves (Savona, Liguria, Italy) and several points were monitored for two years. Radon concentration strongly depends on the site and changes during the year, due to the difference between internal and external temperature. The maximum dose commitment during the visitors tour, considering the average yearly value of radon concentration, was found to be between 1.5 and 4 μSv. It was found that no risk exists for visitors, but the evaluation of the dose absorbed by the guides and their classification according to the radiation protection law requires a complete monitoring of the average yearly concentration of radon and of the total time spent by each worker into the cave.
Methodology and Application of GC‐MS to Study Altered Organic Binding Media from Objects of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Authors: Pitthard Václav , Griesser Martina , Stanek Sabine
Published: October 2006

Within the Kunsthistorisches Museum (KHM), Vienna, three off‐line GC‐MS analytical procedures for the identification of natural organic media have been refined, tested, and validated on a series of reference materials (partly artificially aged) to apply this knowledge for investigations of original, historic works of art from the museum's collections. At first, a set of artificially aged mock‐ups has been prepared and a reference database has been built up for the identification of drying oils, resins, waxes, proteins and polysaccharides. Some interesting observations concerning the alteration of the composition of these organic media during different ageing steps are presented in the following text. In addition, some selected examples for the application of the refined techniques for the analysis of real samples from various museum objects are shown.
Parietal bone agenesis with gracile bones and splenic hypoplasia/aplasia: Clinico‐pathologic report and differential diagnosis with review of cranio‐gracile bone syndromes, “osteocraniostenosis” and Kleeblattschädel
Authors: Spear Gerald S.
Published: October 2006

The findings in a newborn male with agenesis of parietal bones, gracile long bones, and hypoplasia of the spleen are presented. Although parietal agenesis is unique, the findings are compatible with 18 previously reported cases characterized by cranial hypomineralization, Kleeblatschädel, gracile bones, and splenic aplasia/hypoplasia, the nomenclature for which has been descriptive: gracile bone disorders, “osteocraniostenosis,” “osteocraniosplenic syndrome.” The term “osteocraniostenosis” may be inappropriate in that craniostenosis has been infrequently reported, a feature also of importance with respect to the pathogenesis of the Kleeblatschädel. The group likely reflects heterogeneous etiology and pathogenesis. Precedent, however, including animal models, justifies consideration of genetic aberrations, in particular, mutations in homeobox genes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
V37I connexin 26 allele in patients with sensorineural hearing loss: Evidence of its pathogenicity
Authors: Huculak C. , Bruyere H. , Nelson T. N. , Kozak F. K. , Langlois S.
Published: October 2006

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common inherited sensory disorder, reported in 1–3 of every 1,000 births. It has been estimated that 50% of all cases of prelingual SNHL are genetically determined. There is tremendous genetic heterogeneity, with multiple dominant and recessive loci. Mutations of the gap junction beta‐2 gene (GJB2) emerge as a leading cause of autosomal recessive non‐syndromic SNHL. Over 90 sequence alterations have been reported, the pathogenicity of some of them being unknown or unclear. The status of the V37I allele of connexin 26 (GJB2 amino acid product) with regards to its association with SNHL has been controversial. This study examines the pathogenicity of V37I by comparing the frequency of this allele in 40 patients with SNHL of Chinese and Caucasian descent with the frequency of the allele in 100 anonymized, ethnically matched controls. The V37I allele was identified in 43.75 and 11.5% of the patient and control alleles of Chinese ethnicity, respectively, but was not found in either Caucasian cohort. We also compiled the audiograms of 15 individuals with SNHL homozygous for the V37I allele, and showed that these individuals present with a mild to moderate SNHL. These results indicate that (1) the V37I allele is common in individuals of Chinese descent but rarely present in individuals of Caucasian decent; and (2) the V37I allele is pathogenic, but produces milder hearing loss compared to nonsense mutations of connexin 26 such as the 35delG mutation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deaths due to choking in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Stevenson David A. , Heinemann Janalee , Angulo Moris , Butler Merlin G. , Loker Jim , Rupe Norma , Kendell Patrick , Clericuzio Carol L. , Scheimann Ann O.
Published: October 2006

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common known syndromic cause of life‐threatening obesity, yet few studies have examined the causes of death in PWS. The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of choking leading to mortality in PWS. In 1999, a brief survey was made available from the Prader–Willi Syndrome Association (USA) bereavement program, which documented demographic data and causes of death. Families were subsequently offered the opportunity to fill out a detailed questionnaire and additional forms to release medical records. Demographic information was available on 178 deceased individuals with PWS, and cause of death available on 152 individuals. Fifty‐four families completed questionnaires. Of the deceased individuals with completed questionnaires, 34% reported a history of choking. Choking was listed by familial report as the cause of death in 12 (7.9%) of 152 subjects with an average age of 24 years (range 3–52 years; median 22.5 years) at death from choking. Only two of these individuals were less than 8 years of age. The data suggest that risks associated with choking are different in the PWS population compared with others. Potential causes of increased choking in PWS include poor oral/motor coordination, poor gag reflex, hypotonia, hyperphagia, decreased mastication, and voracious feeding habits. We recommend implementation of preventive measures and education for families and group home care providers for all individuals with PWS including the Heimlich maneuver, supervised meals, better food preparation, and diet modification to avoid high‐risk choking items. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CLN3P, the Batten's disease protein, is a novel palmitoyl‐protein Δ‐9 desaturase
Authors: Narayan Srinivas B. , Rakheja Dinesh , Tan Lu , Pastor Johanne V. , Bennett Michael J.
Published: October 2006

Objective

Batten's disease, one of the most common recessively inherited, untreatable, neurodegenerative diseases of humans, is characterized by progressive neuronal loss and intraneuronal proteolipid storage. Although the gene for the disorder was cloned more than a decade ago, the function of the encoded protein, CLN3P, has not been defined thus far.

Methods

Sequence analysis using the Pfam server identified a low stringency match to a fatty acid desaturase domain in the N‐terminal sequence of CLN3P. We developed a fatty acid desaturase assay based on measurement of desaturase products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results

We show that CLN3P is a novel palmitoyl‐protein Δ‐9 desaturase, which converts membrane‐associated palmitoylated proteins to their respective palmitoleated derivatives. We have further demonstrated that this palmitoyl‐protein Δ‐9 desaturase activity is deficient in cln3−/− mouse pancreas and is completely ablated in neuroblastoma cells by RNA inhibition.

Interpretation

We propose that palmitoyl‐protein desaturation defines a new mechanism of proteolipid modification, and that deficiency of this process leads to the signs and symptoms of Batten's disease. Ann Neurol 2006
Metallomacrocycles That Incorporate Cofacially Aligned Diimide Units
Authors: Khoshbin Meisa S. , Ovchinnikov Maxim V. , Salaita Khalid S. , Mirkin Chad A. , Stern Charlotte L. , Zakharov Lev N. , Rheingold Arnold L.
Published: October 2006

Pyromellitic diimide and naphthalene diimide moieties were incorporated into hemilabile phosphanylalkyl thioether ligands. These ligands reacted with [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 and [Rh(NBD)Cl]2 (NBD=norbornadiene) by the weak‐link approach to form condensed intermediates. Upon reaction of each diimide ligand with these transition‐metal precursors, the two diimide units became cofacially aligned within a supramolecular macrocyclic architecture. The introduction of ancillary ligands to each of these condensed intermediates caused the weak thioether–metal bonds to break, thus generating a large macrocycle in which the distance between diimide units is significantly larger than for the condensed intermediates. The two RhI cationic condensed intermediates were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, and the electrochemical activity of these macrocycles was demonstrated with the naphthalene diimide–CuI macrocycles.
Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defects cluster investigations: Strategies for identifying candidate genes
Authors: Green Ridgely Fisk , Moore Cynthia
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND: Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defect cluster investigations may increase understanding of both genetic and environmental risk factors for the defect. Current constraints of most birth defect cluster investigations make candidate gene selection the most feasible approach. Here, we describe strategies for choosing candidate genes for such investigations, which will also be applicable to more general gene‐environment studies. METHODS: We reviewed publicly available web‐based resources for selection of candidate genes and identification of risk factors, as well as publications on different strategies for candidate gene selection. RESULTS: Candidate gene selection requires consideration of available gene‐disease databases, previous epidemiological studies, animal model research, linkage and expression studies, and other resources. We describe general considerations for utilizing available resources, as well as provide an example of a search for candidate genes related to gastroschisis. CONCLUSIONS: Available web resources could facilitate selection of candidate genes, but selection of optimal candidates will still require a strong understanding of genetics and the pathogenesis of the defect, as well as careful consideration of previous epidemiological studies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of intracoronary nicardipine in the treatment of no‐reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Huang Raymond I. , Patel Parul , Walinsky Paul , Fischman David L. , Ogilby J. David , Awar Mark , Frankil Craig , Savage Michael P.
Published: October 2006

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nicardipine in reversing no‐reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: No‐reflow is a common complication of PCI in patients with acute coronary syndromes or venous bypass graft disease. Although nicardipine has an attractive pharmacological profile and has been used clinically to treat no‐reflow, there is a paucity of published data regarding its effectiveness in this setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 72 consecutive patients who received intracoronary nicardipine to reverse no‐reflow during coronary intervention. Qualitative TIMI flow grade and quantitative TIMI frame count methods were used to assess the efficacy of nicardipine. Results: A mean of 460 ± 360 mcg of intracoronary nicardipine was used. No‐reflow was successfully reversed with complete restoration of TIMI 3 flow in 71 of 72 patients (98.6%). TIMI flow grade improved from 1.65 ± 0.53 prior to nicardipine to 2.97 ± 0.24 after treatment (P < 0.001). TIMI frame count decreased from 57 ± 40 at the time of no‐reflow to 15 ± 12 after nicardipine administration (P < 0.001). Nicardipine therapy was well tolerated without adverse hemodynamic or chronotropic effects.Conclusions: In this largest series to date, intracoronary nicardipine was demonstrated to be a safe and highly effective pharmacological agent to reverse no‐reflow during PCI. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations on Iodomercurates: Crystal Structures of Bis‐tetramethylammonium Tetraiodomercurate(II), Tetramethylammonium Pentaiododimercurate(II) and Bis[di(12‐crown‐4)lithium]decaiodotetramercurate(II).
Authors: Pickardt Joachim , Wiese Sven , Borowski Marina
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure Refinements of LnAuSn (Ln: Sm, Gd, Tm).
Authors: Sebastian C. P. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Excitation Intensity and Temperature‐Dependent Photoluminescence and Optical Absorption in Tl4Ga3InSe8 Layered Crystals.
Authors: Goksen K. , Gasanly N. M. , Turan R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Tb6FeSb2.
Authors: Cai Gemei , Zhang Jiliang , He Wei , Qin Pingli , Zeng Lingmin
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Giant Magnetocaloric Effect Enhanced by Pd‐Doping in Gd5Si2Ge2 Compound.
Authors: Zhuang Y. H. , Li J. Q. , Huang W. D. , Sun W. A. , Ao W. Q.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction Between LiF and MF5 (M: Ta, Nb) in a Fluorine Atmosphere.
Authors: Kim Jae‐Ho , Yonezawa Susumu , Takashima Masayuki
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SnCl2×2H2O — An Alternative to Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Arumugam Pandurangan , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indirect Cation Pool Method. Rapid Generation of Alkoxycarbenium Ion Pools from Thioacetals.
Authors: Suga Seiji , Matsumoto Kouichi , Ueoka Koji , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Removal of N‐Allyloxycarbonyl Groups Using the [CpRu(IV)(π‐C3H5)(2‐quinolinecarboxylato)] PF6 Complex. A New Efficient Deprotecting Method in Peptide Synthesis.
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Saburi Hajime , Murase Takanori , Yoshimura Masahiro , Kitamura Masato
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rapid and Efficient Method for 1,3‐Dithiolane Synthesis.
Authors: Bez Ghanashyam , Gogoi Dipankoj
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Step Deprotonation Route to Zinc Amide and Ester Enolates for Use in Aldol Reactions and Negishi Couplings.
Authors: Hlavinka Mark L. , Hagadorn John R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 87. (Bromodimethyl)sulfonium Bromide Catalyzed Efficient Multicomponent One‐Pot Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Ravikanth B. , Thirupathi P. , Rao B. Vittal
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aqueous Manganese‐Mediated Reductive Coupling of Nitroarenes to Azoxybenzenes.
Authors: Dutta Dilip K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactivity of γ‐Chloro‐gem‐trichloroalkanes with Chromous Chloride.
Authors: Tisserand Steve , Bejot Romain , Billaud Celia , Li De Run , Falck J. R. , Mioskowski Charles
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Carbopalladation Reaction of Fluorine‐Containing Acetylene Derivatives.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Taku Ken‐ichi , Ishihara Takashi
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Vinylic Tellurides and Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborate Salt: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Cella Rodrigo , Orfao Aline T. G. , Stefani Helio A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐, Ligand‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Ynones by Coupling Acid Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Palimkar Sanjay S. , Kumar P. Harish , Jogdand Nivrutti R. , Daniel Thomas , Lahoti Rajgopal J. , Srinivasan Kumar V.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
General Synthesis of 8‐Aryl‐2‐tetralones.
Authors: Carreno M. Carmen , Gonzalez‐Lopez Marcos , Latorre Alfonso , Urbano Antonio
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of Oxa‐ and Azabicyclic Alkenes with Aryl and Vinyl Halides: Efficient Entry to 2‐Substituted 1,2‐Dihydro‐1‐naphthols and 2‐Substituted 1‐Naphthols.
Authors: Chen Chi‐Li , Martin Stephen F.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Construction of 3a‐Methylhydrindans Starting from 2,7‐Enynol Derivatives Based on Ti(II)‐Mediated Cyclization and Ru‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Ohkubo Mutsumi , Uchikawa Wataru , Matsushita Hitomi , Nakano Aiko , Shirato Takayuki , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Epoxidation of Enantiomerically Pure 2,3‐Dideoxy Hex‐2‐enitols: A Convenient Access to Highly Functionalized Enantiomerically Pure Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Sagar Ram , Reddy L. Vijaya Raghava , Shaw Arun K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyanoamidation of Alkynyl and Alkenyl Cyanoformamides.
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Kamisaki Haruhi , Yanada Reiko , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photo‐Fries Rearrangement of Carbazol‐2‐yl Sulfonates (I): Efficient Tool for the Introduction of Sulfonyl Groups into Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Crevatin Laura K. , Bonesi Sergio M. , Erra‐Balsells Rosa
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Conversion of Pyrazolyl Disulfide to Sulfides by Sodium Dithionite and Synthesis of Sulfoxides.
Authors: Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhong Ping , Lin Qiu‐Lian
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure—Activity Studies of Oxazolidinone Analogues as RNA‐Binding Agents.
Authors: Means John A. , Katz Steven , Nayek Abhijit , Anupam Rajaneesh , Hines Jennifer V. , Bergmeier Stephen C.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Solvent System for Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Lee Bo‐Young , Park So Ra , Jeon Heung Bae , Kim Kwan Soo
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Substituted Piperidin‐4‐one Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Ramalingan C. , Park Y. T. , Kabilan S.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Synthesis of 7‐Chloro‐2‐methylsulfanyl‐thiazolo[4,5‐b]pyridine‐6‐carbonitrile, a Versatile Intermediate for Substituted 6‐Cyanothiazolopyridines.
Authors: Johnson Sigmond G. , Connolly Peter J. , Murray William V.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Spiro‐pyridopyridine Analogues by Grubbs′ Catalyst Mediated Alkene and Enyne Metathesis Reaction.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Islam R. , Rahaman H. , Roy B.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Functionalized Organotrifluoroborates via the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azides.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Ham Jungyeob
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Malononitrile‐Based Merocyanine Dyes.
Authors: Kulinich A. V. , Derevyanko N. A. , Ishchenko A. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Monoterpene Constituents from Cistanche tubulosa — Chemical Structures of Kankanosides A—E and Kankanol.
Authors: Xie Haihui , Morikawa Toshio , Matsuda Hisashi , Nakamura Seikou , Muraoka Osamu , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Transformations of Higher Terpenoids. Part 14. Heterocyclization Reactions of 15,16,18‐Tricarboxylabdadiene. New Nitrogen‐Containing Diterpenoids.
Authors: Kharitonov Yu. V. , Shul'ts E. E. , Shakirov M. M. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Prenylated Xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.
Authors: Laphookhieo Surat , Syers John Keith , Kiattansakul Rattana , Chantrapromma Kan
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Assembly and Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Min , Samia Anna C. S.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of High Performance Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts for Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Kaneda Kiyotomi , Ebitani Kohki , Mizugaki Tomoo , Mori Kohsuke
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Innovative Catalytic Protocols for the Ring‐Closing Friedel—Crafts‐Type Alkylation and Alkenylation of Arenes
Authors: Bandini Marco , Emer Enrico , Tommasi Simona , Umani‐Ronchi Achille
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Intramolecular Enyne Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Zhang Z. , Zhu G. , Tong X. , Wang F. , Xie X. , Wang J. , Jiang L.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Palladium‐Catalyzed Assembly and Functionalization of Benzo[b]furans
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Boron‐Containing Chlorins and Tetraazaporphyrins: Synthesis and Cell Uptake of Boronated Pyropheophorbide A Derivatives
Authors: Ratajski Michal , Osterloh Jens , Gabel Detlef
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Negative Ion Chemistry of Nitric Oxide in the Gas Phase
Authors: Chacko Silvi A. , Wenthold Paul G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Renewable Resources for the Production of Aromatic Chemicals
Authors: Sariaslani Sima , Van Dyk Tina , Huang Lisa , Gatenby Anthony , Ben‐Bassat Arie
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Six‐Membered Ring Systems — Diazines and Benzo Derivatives
Authors: Groziak Michael P.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Chemistry of Enaminones
Authors: Al‐Zaydi Khadijah M. , Nhari Layla M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The atrium effect of website openness on the communication of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Guimarães‐Costa Nuno , e Cunha Miguel Pina
Published: October 2006

This paper applies the image of a Roman atrium to disclosure of CSR activities on company websites, through an examination of the website content of 19 large companies operating in Portugal.

The analysis reveals a CSR discourse targeting stakeholders. What is stated is carefully chosen in order to mitigate potential reactions from offended stakeholders, these coming mostly from those areas where their negative impact could be more visible.

We conclude that comparison with Roman atria can be made to the extent that (a) websites allow companies to suggest positive images about themselves, (b) their openness forces companies to adopt bi‐focal messages where the target does not always coincide with the message's subject and (c) their visibility and accessibility induce companies to take a position on external events and to seek greater alignment between disclosure and action. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Antitumor effects of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing Apoptin in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Li Xiao , Jin Ningyi , Mi Zhiqiang , Lian Hai , Sun Lili , Li Xuemei , Zheng Hongling
Published: October 2006

Apoptin is a chicken anemia virus‐derived, p53‐independent, bcl‐2‐insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in tumor cells. To explore the use of the Apoptin gene in cancer gene therapy, we constructed a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the Apoptin protein (vFV‐Apoptin) and compared the tumor‐killing activity of the recombinant virus with that of wild‐type fowlpox virus in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. We found that although cells were somewhat resistant to the basal cytotoxic effect of wild‐type fowlpox virus, infection with vFV‐Apoptin caused a pronounced, additional cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, cell death and disruption of tumor integrity were apparent in the vFV‐Apoptin‐infected cells. We also tested whether fowlpox virus‐mediated expression of Apoptin in tumor cells could stimulate an antitumor effect by injecting aggressive subcutaneous tumors derived from H22 mouse hepatoma cells in C57BL/6 mice with vFV‐Apoptin. We found that fowlpox virus‐mediated intratumoral expression of the Apoptin gene can induce protective and therapeutic antitumor effects and significantly increase survival. Taken together, these data indicate that infection of tumors with fowlpox virus expressing Apoptin inhibits tumor growth, induces apoptosis and may be an effective cancer treatment. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aquatic Coleoptera Distribution and Environmental Relationships in a Large Patagonian River
Authors: Miserendino María Laura , Archangelsky Miguel
Published: October 2006

The benthic coleopteran assemblages of the Chubut River basin were studied in order to assess the main factors affecting species composition and distribution along the upper, middle and lower catchments. A total of 13 sampling sites were selected and sampled seasonally. Eight taxa and 1,601 individuals were collected during the study. Richness was higher in the main channel of Chubut River at the upper basin than at the middle basin. Beetles were completely absent at the lower basin. Mean monthly density per sites varied from 0 to 85 ind m–2. Stethelmis kaszabi had a more restricted distribution whereas Hemiosus dejeanii, Austrelmis sp. and Austrolimnius spp. were more frequent and abundant. Austrelmis sp. appears as the most tolerant species, especially to higher TSS, ammonia, and conductivity values. Luchoelmis cekalovici was absent in stations associated with urban areas. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis shows that conductivity, total suspended solids, wet width, water temperature and pH were the most important variables structuring beetle assemblages. Land use related variables such as NH4, TP, and NO3 were less important but still significant. An increase in TSS affected negatively the coleopteran community; this could be related to both hydrogeological characteristics and agricultural activities (including overgrazing).

This is the first approach to the knowledge of the ecological range of distribution of the coleopteran species in Patagonian rivers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Diet of the Brown Trout Salmo trutta (L.) during the Reproductive Period: Size‐Related and Sexual Effects
Authors: Montori Albert , Tierno De Figueroa J. Manuel , Santos Xavier
Published: October 2006

We investigated the autumnal diet of the brown trout Salmo trutta, in a Prepyrenean stream (NW Iberian Peninsula) focusing on intraspecific dietary differences related to size and sex. The diet of trout included 18 types of prey, with Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera nymphs and Diptera larvae as the most consumed taxa. Large trout ate larger prey, than did small trout, and also increased the consumption of terrestrial‐surface prey with respect to aquatic‐benthic prey. As terrestrial‐surface preys were larger than aquatic‐benthic prey, the size‐related differences in the diet of trout were related to gape‐limitations. Although male and female trout did not differ in size, we found that males foraged on a more diverse type of prey than females, probably owing to male territoriality during the reproductive period. This study provides new evidence of dietary plasticity in the brown trout and confirms the importance of local dietary studies to better understand factors which drive trophic ecology of predators. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differences in properties of myofibrillar proteins from bovine semitendinosus muscle after hydrostatic pressure or heat treatment
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jung , Kim Yun‐Ji , Lee Nam‐Hyouck , Hong Seok‐In , Yamamoto Katsuhiro
Published: October 2006

Hydrostatic pressure (HP) and heat treatments of myofibrillar proteins have both been shown to induce protein denaturation, but different gel formation properties result from these treatments. To characterise differences in the properties of proteins resulting from HP or heat treatment, Ca‐ and Mg‐ATPase activities (ATP, adenosine triphosphate) and protein solubility in 0.1 and 0.6 mol L−1 KCl buffers (pH 7) were evaluated in this study. The inactivation rate of Ca‐ATPase of myofibrillar proteins (Mf) induced by HP was slower than that of Mg‐ATPase at each of the tested pressures. However, the inactivation rate of Ca‐ATPase induced by heating was faster than that of Mg‐ATPase at each of the tested temperatures. The level of soluble proteins in Mf suspension induced by HP in 0.1 mol L−1 KCl buffer increased with increasing pressure up to 400 MPa and then decreased slightly at 500 MPa. However, the level of soluble proteins in Mf suspension induced by heat treatment in 0.1 mol L−1 KCl buffer increased with increasing temperature up to 55°C. According to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the levels of soluble myosin heavy chain and actin in Mf suspension induced by HP in 0.6 mol L−1 KCl buffer decreased simultaneously at pressures higher than 300 MPa. The level of soluble MHC in 0.6 mol L−1 KCl buffer decreased gradually with increasing temperature, but there were no changes in the level of soluble actin in 0.6 mol L−1 KCl buffer with increasing temperature up to 50°C. These results showed that the mechanism of HP‐induced protein denaturation was different from the mechanism underlying heat‐induced protein denaturation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of cherry tomatoes growth origin by means of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sequi Paolo , Dell'Abate Maria Teresa , Valentini Massimiliano
Published: October 2006

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spectroscopy is a promising non‐invasive and non‐destructive analytical technique in food science, since it offers the opportunity of studying vegetables and fruits in their wholeness without any manipulation. The aim of this preliminary study was to demonstrate the possibility of assessing unambiguously the place of origin of fresh cherry tomatoes by means of MRI experiments. The innovative approach has been successfully used to distinguish PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) cherry tomatoes from non‐PGI ones, as well as cv. Naomi from cv. Shiren samples. The method determines informative physical and morphological parameters, transverse relaxation times and thicknesses, respectively, which can be combined into four empirical equations; two of them are used to determine the cultivated variety and the other two to assess the place of origin. This approach has successfully recognize the cultivated variety of c. 90% of the analyzed samples and the geographical origin of c. 80% of the investigated cherry tomatoes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry