bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A single injection of ng level of malp2 are sufficient to save 50 percent of lethally irradiated mice
Authors: Zhang Jianyi , Cheng Ying , Li Jiaxun , Fang Duo , Zhai Xuanlu , Huang Daqian , Du Jicong , Liu Cong
Published: May 2024

Accidental radiation exposure causes the acute lethal damage of hematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract1,2. By establishing an ionizing radiation (IR) induced injury model, we found macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) exhibited significant radioprotective effects in mice. MALP-2 improved the survival of irradiated mice, inhibited the radiation-induced gastrointestinal tract damage. Through intestinal organoid experiments, we found that MALP-2 protected the intestinal organoid against IR-induced injury. Next, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PBS and MALP-2 groups based on the RNA sequencing result3. And the RNA-seq results showed that MALP-2 increased the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-α, CCL-3, PGE-2 and SOD2. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. In line with these observations, the expression level of IL-6 and GM-CSF were increased by using flow cytometry. Moreover, MALP-2 protected WT mice from IR induced death but had no radioprotective effects on the TLR2 KO and IL-6 KO mice, suggesting that the radioprotection of MALP-2 was mediated by activating TLR2/IL-6 axis. In conclusion, our data suggested that the MALP-2 could induce significant radioprotective effects and MALP-2 might be a potential radioprotective agent.
Validation of the Accuracy of the GNSS RO Temperature Data for Climate Monitoring over Africa
Authors: Sa’i Ibrahim Usman , Musa Tajul Ariffin , Aleem Kamorudeen , Youngu Terwase Tosin , Obadaki Yusuf , Anom Wan Aris , Nasara Mohammed Abdu
Published: May 2024

Africa is facing significant impacts from temperature and climate change, with a pronounced warming trend surpassing the global average over the past century. This trend is reshaping climates and ecosystems, leading to increased temperatures, more frequent heatwaves, and altered precipitation patterns across different regions. Severe weather events like droughts, cyclones, and floods pose risks to human lives and well-being. The decline in radiosonde stations across Africa and the lack of collocated meteorological sensors at a majority of GNSS ground-based stations present substantial hurdles in effectively monitoring and responding to climate change in the region. This study thus evaluates the validity of temperature data based on the GNSS Radio Occultation (RO) technique as an alternative to the in-situ radiosonde observations for climate change monitoring over Africa. Three datasets which include GNSS RO, Radiosonde, and ERA5, were analyzed using Python programming, focusing on temperature as the key variable. The validation process involved the use of ten (10) different performance metrics for assessing temperature data from the datasets, including NRMSE (%), Bias (mm), SDR, MAE, ACC, VC, MEF, RI, -squared, and SD Residuals (mm). Most of these metrics exhibited improved performance when dealing with a temperature discrepancy of approximately 1K, although a few stations showed weak or no correlation with certain metrics. Some stations displayed temperature differences as high as 7K due to the number of Radio Occultation Events (ROE) around the stations or problematic Radiosonde data, while most stations exhibited temperature variances of around 1K. These findings suggest that the GNSS RO technique could be considered for Africa due to the current status of the Radiosonde stations over the region.
Potential Plant-to-Plant Transmission: Shared Endophytic Bacterial Community between Ziziphus lotus and its Parasite Cuscuta epithymum
Authors: Radouane Nabil , Errafii Khaoula , Mouhib Salma , SiMhand Khadija Ait , Legeay Jean , Hijri Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Microbiota associated with host–parasite relationships offer an opportunity to explore interactions among plants, parasites, and microbes, thereby contributing to the overall complexity of community structures. The dynamics of ecological interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts in arid environments remain largely understudied, especially in Africa. This study aimed to examine the bacterial communities of Cuscuta epithymum L. (clover dodder), an epiphytic parasitic plant, and its host, Ziziphus lotus L. (jujuba),in an arid environment. Our goal was to uncover the ecological complexities of microbial communities within the framework of plant–plant interactions. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the bacterial composition and diversity within populations of the C. epithymum parasite, the infected- and non-infected jujuba host, and their interface at the shoots of the host. This involved amplicon sequencing, targeting the V5–V6 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 5680 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified, with Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, and Actinobacteriota being prevalent phyla. Among the bacterial communities, three genera were dominant: Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Acinetobacter. Interestingly, analyses of alpha- and beta-diversities revealed no significant difference between jujuba and its parasite, suggesting a shared shoot endophytic bacteriome. This finding advances our comprehension of microbial communities linked to plant–parasite interactions in the arid environments of Africa. Further studies on functional diversity and elucidation of the mechanisms by which bacterial communities transfer between host and parasite are needed.
Human liver organoids are susceptible to Plasmodium vivax infection
Authors: Nitaramorn Norapat , Kobpornchai Phorntida , Tongkrajang Nongnat , Chaisri Urai , Imwong Mallika , Kulkeaw Kasem
Published: May 2024

The eradication of Plasmodium vivax malaria iscomplicated due to the presence of hypnozoites, the hidden dormant form of the parasite that is present in the liver. Currently available drug regimens are effective at killing hypnozoites but cause side effects and are difficult to administer. Studies testing drugs for liver-stage malaria remain rare and mainly relyon the use of cancerous or immortalized hepatic cells and primary hepatocytes. Here, we examined the feasibility of using an emerging organoid platform to model liver-stage vivax malaria. Hepatic endoderm cells, endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal cells were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells and self-assembled intoliver organoids. These liver organoids resemble mature hepatocytes in terms of albumin secretion, fat and glycogen storage and cytochrome activity. Following the invasion of P. vivaxsporozoites, the expression levels of Plasmodium 18S RNA transcripts were upregulated. Changes in the transcript levels of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were also observed. Thus, stem cell-derived liver organoids are susceptible to infection with P. vivax sporozoites, paving the way for studies on the mechanism of hypnozoite formation and testing of possible hypnozoitocidal drugs.
Exploring winter diet, gut microbiota and parasitism in caribou using multi-marker metabarcoding of fecal DNA
Authors: Nagati Mélissande , Bergeron Marie-Josée , Gagné Patrick , Arsenault André , Droit Arnaud , Wilson Paul , Pittoello Gigi , Manseau Micheline , Martineau Christine
Published: May 2024

In conservation strategies, getting precise and repeatable information on the species’ diet and health without relying on invasive or laborious methods is challenging. Here, we developed an efficient and non-invasive workflow for the sequencing and analysis of four taxonomic markers from fecal DNA to characterize the gut microbiota, parasites, and plants and lichens composing the winter diet of caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Canada's most iconic endangered species. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of eukaryotes from seven locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, allowed for the detection of several parasites in caribou feces but provided limited information about plants and lichens - only algal symbionts were detected. An improved sensitivity and higher taxonomic resolution for plants and lichens was achieved through the sequencing of the ITS2 region, which revealed a rich winter diet in caribou as well as differences among sampling locations. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of prokaryotes highlighted the relationships between the gut microbiota and both the diet and parasites. Overall, our results showed the potential of this multi-marker DNA metabarcoding workflow as an efficient tool to generate relevant information on the diet and health of caribou populations and provide insights into the species biology and ecology.
Computational Approach to Geometric Modeling of Plow Bodies
Authors: Yablonskyi Petro , Rogovskii Ivan , Sobczuk Henryk , Virchenko Gennadii , Volokha Mykola , Vorobiov Oleksii
Published: May 2024

In this article, a detailed analysis of modern research and publications on the selected subject was carried out related to the computer-variant geometric modeling of the working surfaces of the plow blades. Based on this, a new method of proper design was proposed. The performed scientific investigations aimed to create a flexible, productive, and universal approach for the automated shaping of tillage tools. The accentuated effectiveness of geometric modeling was achieved using a developed special mathematical apparatus adapted for use in the environment of current computer information systems of an engineering profile. The implementation was based on such parametric lines as heterogeneous rational B-splines, which are acceptable in automated design systems. The specified geometric models were characterized by the coverage of a sufficiently large range of plow heads. The indicated means of forming could conveniently adapt to the changing conditions of designing tillage tools suggested by theoretical calculations and practical experiments. The given facts contributed to the multifaceted clarification of the specified information. They also ensured the appropriate integration and the possibility of determining the most rational options among the studied varieties of plow dumps. Simultaneously, the most common group of dumps with cylindrical and other plow working surfaces was considered. The significant role of geometric models for qualitative coordination and the effective combination of many other models (e.g., strength, manufacturing technology, and operation conditions) was emphasized. This was aimed at comprehensive optimization throughout their life cycle, in this case of plows. The proper solution to the presented problems contributed to a successful solution to the actual scientific and applied problem of improving the quality of machinery.
Crowdsourcing capabilities: fueling new products? How firm size and business type matter
Authors: Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution Muhammad , Buana Sari Pipit , Aspan Henry , Rossanty Yossie , Irawan Irawan
Published: May 2024

Crowdsourcing has emerged as a valuable tool for organizations seeking to access external knowledge and resources for their innovation processes. This study aims to investigate crowdsourcing capabilities in the context of new product development initiatives, with a focus on exploring the moderating effects of firm size and type. Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) is used to analyze both the measurement and structural models, with data drawn from 217 owners and managers of diverse businesses in Indonesia. These businesses range from small to medium-scale enterprises across various types, including cafes, restaurants, fashion, culinary, and furniture. The findings reveal a positive and significant impact of crowdsourcing capabilities on new product development initiatives (β = 0.746, p = 0.000). Moreover, the relationship between crowdsourcing and new product development is moderated by firm size (whether small or medium) (β = 0.103, p = 0.045) and the type of business (β = 0.157, p = 0.012). The outcomes of this study are anticipated to enrich the body of knowledge and provide valuable guidance for enterprises seeking to harness crowdsourcing in their new product development processes, with specific factors like firm size and type taken into account.
AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, and Technology Research in 2022: Research Grant Scheme “PDUPT”No. 124/LL1/LT/K/2022.
Developmental Psychology and Differential Psychology at St. Petersburg State University (25 years since the founding of the Department)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Golovey Larisa
Published: May 2024

The Department of Developmental Psychology and Differential Psychology turned 25 years old, in 2022, In 2022. The article discusses the main stages of the scientific study of the problems of developmental psychology and differential psychology at the St. Petersburg Psychological School. B.G. Ananyev proceeded from the need to study a person in the unity of his properties as an individual, personality, subject of activity, individuality in the process of his individual development. The ideas of human integrity and continuity of development are laid by him in the basis of the scientific study of individuality. For the purposes of such a study, it is necessary to combine the efforts of developmental psychology and differential psychology and the use of methods of complex study. Initially, this direction was formed within the Department of General Psychology, empirical research was carried out by employees of the Laboratory of Differential Psychology and Anthropology of NIIKSI, starting in 1963. The Department of Developmental Psychology and Differential Psychology was opened in 1998. The department's research covers all periods of human development, starting from prenatal, and ending with the period of late adulthood and aging. Former and current employees of the department conducted large-scale studies of the intellectual potential of adolescents living in different environmental conditions. The conditions, factors and mechanisms of self-realization of personality in adolescence, adolescence and adulthood were studied. A comprehensive study of the stressors of everyday life and coping mechanisms at different stages of adulthood has been conducted. The parameters of psychoemotional well-being of adolescents and adults were studied from the standpoint of an integrative approach. Studies of the impact of pandemic-related stress on pregnant women and child development and many other projects have been conducted. The history of the department is represented by four generations of researchers, starting from the direct students of B.G. Ananyev, M.D. Alexandrova, E.F. Rybalko, N.A. Grishchenko-Rose and ending with the students of their students.
Research of architectural projects of the building of the Russian Military Historical Museum on the materials of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer Troops and Signal Corps
Authors:   Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer Troops and Signal Corps, Uvarova Anzhelika V.
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, there is an active reconstruction of the old and the creation of new militaryhistorical museums. In the process of this work, the curators set the task of reflecting its purpose through its appearance. It becomes possible understanding by studying the architecture of the museum through the centuries. The paper discusses the architectural projects of the Russian Military Historical Museum which were stored in the archive of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer troops and Signal Corps. The reader is informed that it was one of the stages of the work of the Committee on its Structure, created by Emperor Nicholas II’s order. The main ideas about museum buildings in the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries were mentioned in the article. The main requirement was the correspondence of external and internal content. It was possible to identify common features: as a rule, these were two-storey stone buildings in the neo-Russian style, where, in addition to the exhibition halls, an arsenal, a lobby and a number of additional rooms were provided. The architects, whose projects were highly appreciated, took the palace buildings of the pre-Petrine period as a basis. As a result, the winner of the competition was Vladimir Pokrovsky’s the project which, unfortunately, was not implemented. However, the plot considered in the article is an example of an integrated approach to the organization of the museum, which was not developed in the USSR. The idea of building a Single Military Historical museum at that time did not lose its relevance. However, as a rule, it was assumed that the existing building would be adapted. Consequently, the competition of architectural projects of the Russian Military Historical Museum is one of the few examples in the history of museum construction in Russia when comprehensive work was carried out on the organization of internal and external space.
Тarot Arcana in the collection of the State Museum of the History of Religion: Attribution issues
Authors:   State Museum of the History of Religion, Ptichenko Marina V.
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the attribution of two items from the collection of the Museum of the History of Religion, the history and purpose of which have long remained unknown. These are the Tarot arcana, which came into the museum’s collection in 1940. A comparison of items from the museum’s library, the scientific and historical archives, a study of records, and the use of contemporary publications made it possible to attribute these items as belonging to the history of the Order of the Martinists in Petrograd/Leningrad, led by Grigory Otonovich Mebes. Related to his name is the Course of the Encyclopaedia of the Occult — lectures in which Mebes referred to the hermetic sciences, magic, the Kabbalah, drawing on the symbolism of the major arcana of the Tarot for explanations. This explains the abundance of drawings done in pencil, ink and ink, as well as the “gift” copy of the large-format major arcana in the museum’s collections. The arcana, drawn after Papius’s Tarot models, revealed the continuity between the Petrograd Martinists and the Western esoteric tradition. Numerous contemporary publications and mentions of Mebes’ name in the literature on the history of esotericism, and the discussions that have developed on the iconography of the Tarot arcana illustrating Mebes’ lectures, are clear evidence of the fact that the museum has unique materials that should be introduced into academic discourse as one of the valuable historical sources.
Museum in the modern virtual world (on the example of the Vasiliy Aksenov Museum)
Authors:   Vasiliy Aksenov Museum, Aksenova Irina A. , Bulgakova Alena G. ,   Vasiliy Aksenov Museum
Published: May 2024

In the modern world, a museum is a multidimensional dynamic space that actualises the potential of cultural heritage. As an illustration of this statement, it is interesting to consider the space of the Vasily Aksenov Museum in Kazan. The purpose of this article is to analyse the experience of virtualisation as a means of interacting with the audience in an existing museum, and to formulate practice-oriented vectors for further research on the basis of the V. P. Aksenov Museum in accordance with the identified trends. Since its opening in 2009, the Vasily Aksenov Museum has become a full-fledged cultural centre and a key venue for the annual literary and music festival “Aksenov-fest” in Kazan. The history of the museum began with the first festival in 2007. The festival was dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the writer who visited the city of his childhood. On the initiative of Mayor I. R. Metshin, the restoration of the house and the creation of the museum began, which took place in accordance with the concept proposed by V. P. Aksenov and according to the project of the architect (later the museum director) I. A. Aksenova. In 2015, a named public garden — Aksenov Garden — was opened in the city. The sculptures installed in the park are a self-portrait of Vasily Aksenov, with which he signed his manuscripts, and the sculpture “Waiting” (by Irina Aksenova and sculptor Asiya Minnullina). More and more often tourists plan their visit to the museum in advance, interested in the unique atmosphere of its interior space, as well as the opportunity not only to get acquainted with the biography of the famous writer of the sixties, but also to make a real journey through time, as the museum is located in a house with a mezzanine, in the former manor house of the early 19th century, and the museum exposition is stylistically and objectively built at the intersection of the 19th and 20th centuries. Residents and guests of the house, in addition to Vasily Aksenov, at different times were other famous personalities — Alexandra Fuchs, who hosted Alexander Pushkin during the latter’s stay in Kazan; poet, war correspondent Margarita Aliger and, perhaps, Gala Dali (Elena Diakonova).
Linking explainable artificial intelligence and soil moisture dynamics in a machine learning streamflow model
Authors: Ley Alexander , Bormann Helge , Casper Markus
Published: May 2024

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly applied in hydrological studies with promising results. However, these algorithms generally lack the ability for easy interpretability of the results by users. In this study, we compare six different explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithms that help understand the effect of input data on the simulation results. The methods are explored on two distinct approaches for streamflow modeling using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model: a single model approach using only meteorological forcing data and a regional approach including also static catchment attributes. To gain further insight into the internal dynamics of the LSTM models, the relationship between cell states and soil moisture is investigated. A strong correlation suggests that the LSTM models inherently capture the concept of soil moisture as a catchment-scale storage mechanism. The XAI methods are applied to derive a timestep of influence, revealing how many days of input data are relevant for the model output. All XAI methods result in similar seasonal patterns in the timestep of influence, suggesting that the methods are comparable. Setting soil moisture dynamics in context to seasonal development of the timestep of influence suggests resetting LSTM as soon as soil moisture saturation occurs.
Ensemble modelling of ice volume dynamics of Chhota Shigri Glacier in Himachal Pradesh from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Sinha Diksha , Singh Hemant , Varade Divyesh
Published: May 2024

Glaciers are the source of freshwater for many perennial rivers around the world. Out of 215,000 glaciers apart from the polar ice sheets, the Himalayas constitute about 54,000 glaciers and are often referred to as the third pole on the Earth. In recent decades, the Himalayan glaciers have been experiencing increased recession as a consequence of climate change. Subsequently, understanding the dynamics of glacier ice parameters and volume becomes significant. In this study, an ensemble model of laminar-flow-based and basal-shear-stress-based models on the Chhota Shigri Glacier was investigated to understand the dynamics of glacier ice thickness over six years, from 2017 to 2022. The glacier volume was determined from the ensembled ice thickness. Our results indicate that the ensemble model yields the minimum ice thickness measurement of 102 ± 17.38 m and the maximum of 112 ± 19.04 m for the years 2017 and 2019, respectively. The estimated results show a correlation of 81% with a global ice thickness dataset. The ensemble approach provides better estimates for ice thickness accounting for more parameters affecting the glacier dynamics. From 2017 to 2022, the Chhota Shigri Glacier volume has been observed to show a slightly negative trend.
Point-of-use chlorine residuals and disinfection byproduct occurrences in rural households served by public water utilities in Appalachian Virginia
Authors: Rasheduzzaman Md , O'Connell Bethesda , Krometis Leigh-Anne , Brown Teresa , Cohen Alasdair
Published: May 2024

We characterized concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs), a measure of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), in tap water samples collected from households with utility-supplied water in two rural counties in Appalachian Virginia, and assessed associations with pH, free chlorine, and metal ions which can impact THM formation. Free chlorine concentrations in all samples (n = 27 homes) complied with EPA drinking water guidelines, though 7% (n = 2) of first draw samples and 11% (n = 3) of 5-min flushed-tap water samples exceeded the US Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for THM (80 ppb). Regression analyses showed that free chlorine and pH were positively associated with the formation of THM levels above SDWA MCLs (OR = 1.04, p = 0.97 and OR = 1.74, p = 0.79, respectively), while temperature was negatively associated (OR = 0.78, p = 0.38). Of the eight utilities serving study households, samples from water served by three different utilities exceeded the EPA MCL for THM. Overall, these findings do not indicate substantial exposures to DBPs for rural households with utility-supplied water in this region of southwest Virginia. However, given the observed variability in THM concentrations between and across utilities, and established adverse health impacts associated with chronic and acute DBP exposure, more research on DBPs in rural Central Appalachia is warranted.
Corrigendum to: “Recent Patents of Micro-arc Oxidation Technology”
Authors: Yuan Mengchen , Li Zhaolong
Published: May 2024

A typographical error appeared in terms of repetition of sentences in the manuscript titled “Recent Patents of Micro-arc Oxidation
Technology”, 2024; 18(6): e300423216386 [1].

Original:
Liu et al. [90] provided a method for micro-arc oxidation of electrolytes and reducing the brittleness of microporous ceramic
film. By adding chitin nanowhiskers and Nacetylated chitosan into the electrolyte, the toughness of the ceramic film is improved,
and bending brittleness and fragmentation are prevented.

Li et al. [91] provided an electrolyte for micro arc oxidation self-lubricating composite ceramic coating. The friction and wear
properties of the composite ceramic coating were improved by adding nano additives and micro MoS2 powder into the conventional
electrolyte.

Liu et al. [90] provided a method for micro-arc oxidation of electrolytes and reducing the brittleness of microporous ceramic
film. By adding chitin nanowhiskers and Nacetylated chitosan into the electrolyte, the toughness of the ceramic film is improved,
and bending brittleness and fragmentation are prevented.

Li et al. [91] provided an electrolyte for micro arc oxidation self-lubricating composite ceramic coating. The friction and wear
properties of the composite ceramic coating were improved by adding nano additives and micro MoS2 powder into the conventional
electrolyte.

Corrected:
Liu et al. [90] provided a method for micro-arc oxidation of electrolytes and reducing the brittleness of microporous ceramic
film. By adding chitin nanowhiskers and Nacetylated chitosan into the electrolyte, the toughness of the ceramic film is improved,
and bending brittleness and fragmentation are prevented.

Li et al. [91] provided an electrolyte for micro arc oxidation self-lubricating composite ceramic coating. The friction and wear
properties of the composite ceramic coating were improved by adding nano additives and micro MoS2 powder into the conventional
electrolyte.

The original article can be found online at https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/131347
Marine Seaweed Bioresources as Antiviral Agents Against RNA Viruses
Authors: Nagahawatta Dineth Pramuditha , Shehan Kurera Mihidukulasuriya Jude Michael , Jeon You-Jin
Published: May 2024

Marine seaweed bio-resources (MSBR) have long been recognized for their
therapeutic and disease-prevention benefits. They are utilized to prevent various noncommunicable and communicable diseases as active components. In recent years,
biotechnologists and pharmacologists have become interested in MSBR as a viable and
almost limitless source of various biologically active compounds against a broad
spectrum of diseases. The most recent global pandemic Covid-19 raised the scientific
world's attention to discovering novel anti-viral agents against viruses. Oceans provide
unlimited biological resources to develop therapeutic drugs for treating various human
viral diseases. Our major intention of writing this chapter was to draw attention to the
anti-viral potential of MSBR against various human viral diseases and gain the strength
to conquer future viral pandemics.
Anti-Obesity Potential of Seaweeds
Authors: Thilina Lakmini Gunathilaka Mastiyage Dona , Hiruni Sadunika Kumarasinghe Don Ciril Harischandra , Samarakoon Kalpa W.
Published: May 2024

An excessive buildup of body fat is a sign of the metabolic disease known
as obesity. The primary etiological factor for obesity is thought to be an imbalance
between energy intake and expenditure, where genetic factors can also play a
significant role. The rise in obesity rates over the past few years has encouraged a focus
on adipose tissue biology and the precise processes behind adipocyte differentiation
and adipogenesis. Due to the advent of several in vitro cell models and molecular
biology tools, adipocyte commitment and differentiation have become complicated
processes that may be studied to gain a better knowledge of adipogenesis and adipocyte
malfunction related to obesity. As the available anti-obesity drugs and surgical
interventions cause adverse effects, it is important to rely on natural-based therapeutics
in order to manage obesity and its associated complications. Seaweeds are a rich source
of natural bioactive compounds that exhibit human beneficial effects. Fucoxanthin,
phlorotannins, fucoidan, and alginate are some of the bioactive compounds present in
seaweeds exhibiting anti-obesity potential mainly via the inhibition of digestive
enzymes and adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this chapter mainly focuses on the
anti-obesity potential of seaweeds proved by many animal and human cell culture
models using in vitro and in vivo mechanisms.
Seaweed as Livestock Food
Authors: Sulakshani Thilakarathna Manathunga Kumudu , Sonali Karunathilaka Ranahingayalage Ishara , Fara Nifla Mohamed Nazim , Gedara Prasad Tharanga Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Rajapaksha
Published: May 2024

Seaweeds are a diverse group of plants with a complicated and contentious
taxonomy. In general, seaweeds are classified into three groups, brown
(Phaeophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), and green (Chlorophyceae), based on pigment
variability. Seaweeds have tremendous potential for human consumption, cosmetics,
fertilizers, industrial gums, and chemicals. Researchers have also discovered that
seaweeds have been used as animal feed in the livestock sector for thousands of years.
However, out of the approximately 10,000 types of seaweeds, only a few are used in
animal consumption, such as Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria species, Lithothamnion
species, Macrocystis pyrifera, Sargassum species, Palmaria palmata, and Ulva species.
According to previous studies, seaweeds have been incorporated into the diet of cows
at less than 2% of the dry ingredients, but the isolation of compounds responsible for
reducing methane production by cattle has not been done yet. It is crucial to isolate the
various bioactive compounds in seaweeds and incorporate them into traditional animal
feed to improve their nutritional and functional characteristics. Seaweeds have also
been utilized in fish feed, where finely ground seaweed meal made from brown
seaweeds acts as a binder in formulated feeds, with the alginate present in seaweed
functioning as the binder. Although successful results have been achieved with
seaweed consumption for animal feed, researchers have raised concerns about metal
uptake from the surrounding water.
Analisis Potensi Kerugian Genangan Menggunakan SWMM 5.2 di Kelurahan Purwantoro, Kota Malang
Authors: Kinanthi Sekar , Mohammad Bisri  , Jadfan Sidqi Fidari
Published: May 2024

Genangan merupakan salah satu masalah utama yang terjadi setiap tahun di Kelurahan Purwantoro. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh perubahan tata guna lahan dan diperparah dengan kurang optimalnya fungsi saluran drainase sehingga terus mengakibatkan kerugian, khususnya kerugian secara fisik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan analisis pemodelan saluran drainase menggunakan SWMM 5.2 serta analisis resiko kerugian dari adanya genangan sehingga apabila terjadi lagi diharapkan tidak menjadi permasalahan di wilayah tersebut. Hasil dari simulasi SWMM 5.2 mendapatkan bahwa saluran drainase di Kelurahan Purwantoro masih belum mampu menampung debit dengan kala ulang 5 tahun dengan tinggi genangan maksimum yaitu 0.7 meter. Sedangkan untuk limpasan lahan berkisari antara 0.00185 – 0.07414 meter. Dari ketinggian limpasan lahan, maka didapatkan kerugian secara fisik dengan total kerugian mencapai Rp 663,582,849 dengan rincian kerugian unit rumah sebesar Rp 634,912,149; kerugian fasilitas Pendidikan sebesar Rp 3,689,550; kerugian fasilitas peribadatan sebesar Rp 14,044,450; kerugian fasilitas perkantoran pemerintahan sebesar Rp 4,986,400; kerugian rumah sakit sebesar Rp 5,643,900; dan kerugian puskesmas sebesar Rp 306,400.
Studi Evaluasi Saluran Drainase Terhadap Genangan Banjir di Kelurahan Blimbing Menggunakan Model EPA SWMM 5.1
Authors: Pramesti Mutiara Yavza , Runi Asmaranto  , Jadfan Sidqi Fidari
Published: May 2024

Akibat perubahan penggunaan lahan dan dimensi saluran, Desa Blimbing, Kecamatan Blimbing, dan Kota Malang menjadi sebagian tempat sering terjadi banjir. Contoh solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan melakukan desain ulang pada saluran drainase. Penting bagi studi menggunakan program Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) 5.1 mengkaji Intensitas Hujan Rencana selama ulang 5 tahun dan 10 tahun. Hasil dari analisa menggunakan aplikasi SWMM 5.1 pada Kelurahan Blimbing, terdapat 170 saluran drainase dimana 10 diantaranya tidak dapat menampung debit intensitas curah hujan pada kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 112,48 mm/hari yaitu saluran C99, C103, C106, C110, C111, C112, C76, C146, C151, dan C158. Kemudian, untuk debit intensitas curah hujan kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 117,09 mm/hari, diperoleh 11 saluran yang meluap yaitu saluran C94, C99, C103, C106, C110, C111, C112, C76, C146, C151, dan C158. Sehingga untuk saluran yang meluap tersebut, perlu dilakukannya evaluasi pelebaran dimensi yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi pada lokasi studi.
Studi Pemanfaatan Data Satelit CHIRPS Untuk Estimasi Curah Hujan Di Sub DAS Abab
Authors: Cipto Hastina , Donny Harisuseso  , Jadfan Sidqi Fidari
Published: May 2024

Sub DAS Abab merupakan salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang sering mengalami banjir dan juga beresiko terjadi kekeringan. Maka dari itu, ketersediaan data curah hujan dibutuhkan untuk perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumber daya air. Teknologi penginderaan jauh seperti satelit CHIRPS dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengestimasi curah hujan di permukaan. Namun, pemanfaatan data curah hujan satelit harus memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan data pengamatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja data curah hujan satelit CHIRPS terhadap data pengamatan dalam mengestimasi curah hujan di Sub DAS Abab berbasis wilayah. Evaluasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistika yaitu kalibrasi dan validasi. Hasil kalibrasi data satelit CHIRPS menghasilkan faktor koreksi dengan bentuk persamaan regresi polinomial. Pada tahap validasi terkoreksi nilai NSE, RSR dan KR pada periode bulanan basis wilayah yaitu NSE : 0,771 ; RSR : 0,480 ; KR : 1,268%. Sehingga satelit CHIRPS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengestimasi curah hujan di Sub DAS Abab.
Studi Perencanaan Manajemen Pelaksanaan Penjadwalan Pengembangan Jaringan Distribusi Air Dan Sambungan Rumah (Sr) Desa Warungdowo Kabupaten Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Alamsyah Muh Arsyil , Pitojo Tri Juwono  , Evi Nur Cahya
Published: May 2024

Dalam pembangunan infrastruktur diperlukan manajemen konstruksi sebagai cara agar proyek berjalan dan mencapai hasil waktu, biaya, dan mutu yang terbaik. Penulisan studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa percepatan proyek pengembangan jaringan distribusi dan sambungan rumah (SR) Desa Warungdowo Kecamatan Pohjentrek Kabupaten Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur menggunakan Microsoft Project Manager 2016. Data didapat akan digunakan untuk perhitungan perbandingan dua alternatif analisis yang berbeda yaitu penambahan jam kerja dan penambahan alat berat dalam optimalisasi pengerjaan proyek. Setelah analisis dilakukan didapatkan percepatan alternatif Pembangunan infrastruktur proyek pengembangan jaringan distribusi dan sambungan rumah (SR) Desa Warungdowo Kecamatan Pohjentrek Kabupaten Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur, didapatkan hasil metode yang dapat mempercepat waktu serta meminimalisir biaya adalah alternatif penambahan jam kerja. Dari durasi awal pengerjaan proyek selama 150 hari turun 16% sehinga menjadi 126 hari, dengan penurunan biaya sebesar 1,84%.
In infrastructure development, construction management is needed as a way for projects to run and achieve the best time, cost, and quality results. The writing of this study aims to analyze the acceleration of the project to develop a distribution network and house connection (SR) Warungdowo Village, Pohjentrek District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, using Microsoft Project Manager 2016. The data obtained will be used for comparative calculations of two different alternative analyses, namely the addition of working hours and the addition of heavy equipment in optimizing project work. After the analysis was carried out, an alternative acceleration was obtained for the development of infrastructure for the distribution network development and house connection (SR) project Warungdowo Village, Pohjentrek District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, the results of methods that can speed up time and minimize costs are alternatives to increasing working hours. From the initial duration of project work for 150 days decreased by 16% to 126 days, with a cost decrease of 1.84%.
Studi Erosivitas pada Tanah Kuarsa Menggunakan Rainfall Simulatordengan Blower Keong
Authors: Hartoyo Rego , Jadfan Sidqi Fidari  , Ussy Andawayanti
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukuntuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi intensitas hujan terhadap erosilimpasan yang dihasilkan, indeks erosivitas hujan,besar perbandingan laju erosi limpasan rainfall simulator dan dengan metode USLE, dan blower sebagai media angin karena ingin mengetahui faktor klimatologi akan memberikan seberapa besar dampak angin.Sampel tanah merupakan tanah kuarsa yang sudah tersedia di Laboratorium Hidrologi Teknik Penagiran, Kabupaten Malang. Hasilnya, nilai erosivitas dengan kemiringan 5%, hasil dari perhitungan indeks erosivitas hujan dengan intensitas 1 liter/menit atau 3 cm/jam adalah 7.57 ton.m.cm/ha. Kemudian perhitungan ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan intensitas 2 liter/menit adalah 16.76 ton.m.cm/ha dan intensitas 3 liter/menit adalah 26.54 ton.m.cm/ha. Terjadi sedikit perbedaan antaralaju erosi pada limpasan yang dihasilkan dari pengujian laboratorium dan perhitungan menggunakan metode Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan oleh penggunaan hujan buatan melalui alat simulasi hujan (rainfall simulator) yang hanya mendekati kondisi hujan alami. Percikan air dari nozzle pada alat simulasi tersebut tidak terdistribusi dengan sempurna secara maksimal.Kemudian pengaruh penggunakan blower keong pada alat rainfall simulatoradalahkondisiimenggunakan angin erosi limpasan yang terjadi itu lebih besar daripada kondisi yang tanpa angin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa waktu yang diperlukan untuk terjadinya erosi menggunakan kondisi dengan angin itu lebih lama daripada kondisi tanpa angin.
Usaha Konservasi Terhadap Erosi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Rejoso Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Amalia Nadhea , Ery Suhartanto  , Linda Prasetyorini
Published: May 2024

DASRejoso sering terjadi bencana banjir setiap tahunnya, hal ini diakibatkanadanya tata guna lahanyang berubah. Perubahan tata guna lahan inilah memicu terjadinya erosi sehingga terjadi penumpukan sedimen di sungai. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, perlu dilakukan pengakajian mengenai tingkat bahaya erosi untuk menentukan usaha konservasi yang tepat berupa arahan penggunaan lahan dan perencanaan Checkdam. Untuk menentukan nilai erosi dan sedimentasi digunakan model ArcSWAT dengan melakukan empattahap yaitu delineasi DAS, pengelolaan HRU, pembuatan database, dansimulasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai erosi rerata 10.11 ton/ha per tahun dan sedimentasi rerata 4.96 ton/ha per tahun. Hasil analisiskondisi Indeks Bahaya Erosi(IBE) menunjukkandua kriteria yaitu rendah dengan luas 326.99 km2dan sedang dengan luas 33.31 km2. Sedangkan untuk Hasil analisisTingkat Bahaya Erosi (IBE) didapat 4 kriteria yaitu sangat ringan seluas 92.66 km2, ringan seluas 58.06 km2, Sedang seluas 179.17 km2, Berat seluas 30.41 km2. Hasil dari arahan penggunaan lahan menunjukkan penurunan erosi sebesar 4.44 %, sedangkanperencanaan Checkdam padaDAS Rejoso menunjukkan penurunan volume sedimen sebesar 77.64 %.
Studi Perubahan Karakteristik Hidrologi (Debit Puncak dan Waktu Puncak) Akibat Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan di DAS Citanduy
Authors: Doni Arianto  , Lily Montarcih Limantara  , Sri Wahyuni
Published: May 2024

Perubahan penggunaan lahan pada daerah mampu mempengaruhi karakteristik hidrologinya dan oleh karena itu dapat menjadi kriteria penentuan apakah daerah tersebut kritis secara hidrologis. Perubahan penggunaan lahan di suatu DAS juga mempengaruhi debit puncak, yang merupakan indikator penggunaan lahan yang lebih baik atau lebih buruk di suatu DAS. Peningkatan limpasan terbesar di DAS disebabkan oleh berkurangnya lahan resapan air akibat alih fungsi lahan yang tidak direncanakan serta tanpa berwawasan lingkungan. disebabkan oleh berkurangnya luas Berdasarkan pengaruh suatu fungsi lahan sebagai pengatur siklus hidrologi, maka perubahan tata guna lahan terhadap karakterisitik hidrologi perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Penggunaan karakteristik hidrologi terhadap stud ini berupa luas DAS, panjang sungai utama, Lc, koefisien kekasaran DAS, kemiringan,dan koefisien limpasan. Parameter lainnya meliputi penggunaan tata guna lahan di wilayah DAS Citanduy (Sub DAS Pataruman) pada tahun pengamatan 2017-2018.
Studi Perencanaan Seawall pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mesin Gas (PLTMG) Kepulauan Selayar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Ahmad Tajuddin  , Suwanto Marsudi  , Very Dermawan
Published: May 2024

Perubahan morfologi pantai sekitar PLTMG Selayar disebabkan abrasi oleh gelombang laut sehingga terjadi kemunduran garis pantai. Sebagai upaya mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka direncanakan bangunan pengaman pantai berupa seawall dengan desain tinggi gelombang sebesar 1,66 m (kala ulang 50 th). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh tinggi struktur rencana seawall sebesar 4,10 m dengan panjang bangunan 332,00 meter sepanjang pantai, dasar pondasi berada pada elevasi -1,00 dan puncak bangunan berada pada elevasi +3.10. Berat lapisan pelindung terluar sebesar 0,82 ton dengan diameter batuan 0,85 m. Analisis stabilitas lereng menggunakan software Geostudio Slope/W dengan Metode Fellenius, Bishop, dan Janbu diperoleh hasil aman. Desain pondasi tiang pancang menggunakan minipile 0,25x 0,25 m dengan kedalaman 14 m. Total rencana anggaran biaya (RAB) yang dibutuhkan sebesar Rp 23.254.000.000,00.
Analisa Hidrolika Pada Uji Model Test Pelimpah Bendungan Warsamson Kabupaten Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Tirta Asa Ekanugraha , Suwanto Marsudi  , Very Dermawan
Published: May 2024

Kabupaten Sorong merupakan salah satu kabutapen yang terletak di provinsi Papua Barat yang memiliki luas wilayah 13.075,28 km2. Populasi penduduk kabupaten Sorong pada tahun 2021 berjumlah 118.6779 jiwa, dan kabupaten ini memiliki 30 distrik, dengan 26 kelurahan dan 226 desa atau kampung. Kebutuhan akan suplai air baku, listrik, dan irigasi untuk pertanian yang semakin meningkat karena bertumbuhnya jumlah penduduk dan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah tersebut. Salah satu daerah yang terdampak masalah kekeringan adalah Provinsi Papua Barat, di mana terdapat 138 desa terkena banjir dan 12 desa mengalami kekeringan. Untuk menanggulangi permsalahan tersebut maka direncanakan pembangunan Bendungan Warsamson di Kabupaten Sorong oleh Kementrian PUPR. Kemudian disempurnakan perencanaannya dengan uji model fisik di Laboratorium Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (PSDA) Terpadu Universitas Brawijaya. Dilakukan penyempurnaan desain diantaranya dengan perbaikan struktur pada hulu low level outlet hingga tidak ada pusaran air dan memenuhi kaidah hidrolika yang berlaku. Setelah itu, dilakukan flushing sedimen dengan efektivitas flushing maksimal mencapai 20,61 atau sebesar 37% sedimen yang tergelontor.
Studi Optimasi Pemanfaatan Air Irigasi Bendungan Batu Tegi Menggunakan Program Linier
Authors: Andito Nurdaviq Lazuardi  , Lily Montarcih Limantara  , Tri Budi Prayogo
Published: May 2024

Abstrak: Bendungan Batu Tegi merupakan Bendungan yang terletak di Kabupaten Tanggamus, Provinsi Lampung. Fungsi utama dibangunnya Bendungan Batu Tegi yaitu untuk membantu suplai air ke Bendungan Argoguruh sehingga daerah layanan untuk irigasi Way Sekampung dapat diperluas dan dimaksimalkan. Namun, manajemen sumber daya air diantara kedua bangunan tersebut belum optimal untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan, terutama irigasi di DI Way Sekampung. Hal inidapat dilihat pada berkurangnya lahan layanan yang dialiri dari luas baku sebesar 76.006 Ha menjadi 55.373 Ha yang berfungsi artinya masih terdapat 20.633 Ha yang belum termanfaatkan. Sehingga diperlukan studi untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan air irigasi agar dapat memaksimalkan luas lahan layanan pertanian. Studi ini menggunakan program linier dalam analisanya serta terdapat 4 alternatif pola tata tanam dengan perbedaan jadwal tanam tiap alternatifnya. Dari pemodelan program linier yang didasarkan pada penentuan luas lahan tiap jenis tanaman didapatkan hasil alternatif 1 mendapatkan hasil optimasi mencapai intensitas tanam 300% dan keuntungan terbesar pada alternatif 2.. Manfaat dari studi ini untuk memberikan wawasan atau informasi kepada petani yang menggunakan suplai air dari Bendungan Batu Tegi maupun stakeholder terkait dalam penerapan pola tata tanam dan waktu tanam efisien serta luas lahan pertanian yang optimal agar memperoleh keuntungan maksimum dari hasil produksi pertanian
Analisis Peredaman Energi Pada Terjunan Bertangga Dengan Uji Model Fisik
Authors: Nabilah Aqmarina , Very Dermawan  , Emma Yuliani
Published: May 2024

Terjunan bertangga merupakan alternatif bangunan yang dipilih untuk memperbesar nilai peredaman energi. Dalam penelitian ini akan dipelajari pengaruh variasi jumlah tangga terhadap nilai peredaman energi. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat seri terjunan dengan tinggi anak tangga masing-masing 10 cm, 5cm, 3,3 cm dan 2,5 cm dengan empat variasi debit. Untuk sudut kemiringan terjunan dibuat tetap sebesar 45o. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anak tangga berpengaruh signifikan pada kaki terjunan, terutama sebelum loncatan hidrolik Nilai peredaman energi semakin besar pada kaki terjunan.