bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REDE COMERCIAL DO GUARANÁ E A MONOPOLIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO PELO CAPITAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE MAUÉS-AM/ The commercial network of guaraná and the monopolization of the territory by the capital in the municipality of Maués-AM
Authors: Costa Luis Fernando Belém , Cruz Manuel de Jesus Masulo da
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre as características da rede comercial do guaraná (Paulínia Cupana, var. Sorbilis) no município de Maués-AM, tendo como foco principal a relação entre os camponeses e o capital (AmBev). Para isso, foi necessário levar em consideração a atuação dos diferentes sujeitos sociais e instituições envolvidas nesse processo, como por exemplo, o papel da Embrapa, empresa pioneira na pesquisa com os clones de guaraná, bem como o papel dos atravessadores financiados pela AmBev, que compram o guaraná e estabelecem relações de integração junto aos camponeses, fazendo com que os mesmos estejam cada vez mais subordinados ao capital; subordinação que ainda inclui o fato do guaraná clonado ser conseguido por meio de financiamento junto aos Bancos e ao monopólio da AmBev. Porém, essa condição não significando o fim da autonomia camponesa, mas uma estratégia de reprodução social e econômica fundamentada na permanência da atividade camponesa do guaraná.
TERRITORIALIDADES DA PESCA NO MÉDIO RIO AMAZONAS/Territorialities of the fishery in the medium Amazonas river
Authors: Nascimento Dilson Gomes , Cruz Manuel de Jesus Masulo da
Published: August 2019

Discutir sobre as transformações na pesca extrativa no ambiente de rio, no médio rio Amazonas, constitui o objetivo central deste artigo. A pesca representa mais que uma fonte de renda aos ribeirinhos, é fonte de alimentos e de inúmeras relações territoriais estabelecidas nos espaços historicamente ocupados pelos camponeses. Com base na observação e na entrevista dos ribeirinhos do município de Parintins-AM, expomos algumas das transformações ocorridas na pesca no rio Amazonas, sobretudo no que concerne à captura e comercialização dos peixes de couro/lisos. As transformações observadas representam tanto novas relações ambientais, quanto novas técnicas na pesca o que conferiu, a esta atividade, novos contornos.
Spatial and temporal clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in humans across five epidemics in mainland China: an epidemiological study of laboratory-confirmed cases
Authors: Shan Xuzheng , Wang Yongqin , Song Ruihong , Wei Wen , Liao Hongxiu , Huang Huang , Xu Chunqiong , Chen Lvlin , Li Shiyun
Published: August 2019

Background: Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus was first reported in mainland China in 2013, and alarming in 2016-17 due to the surge in reported cases across a wide geographic area. Our study aimed to identify and explore the spatial and temporal variation across five epidemics to reinforce the epidemic prevention and control. Methods: We drew spatial and temporal information about all laboratory-confirmed human cases of A (H7N9) virus infection reported in mainland China covering 2013-17 from the open source. The autocorrelation analysis and intensity of cases were used to analyse the spatial cluster while circular distribution method was used to analyse the temporal cluster. Results: Across the five epidemics, a total of 1553 laboratory-confirmed human infection with A (H7N9) virus were reported in mainland China. The global Moran’s I index values of five epidemic were 0.610, 0.132, 0.308, 0.306, 0.336 respectively, all of which were statistically significant. Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region had the highest intensity, and range enlarged from the east of China to inner provinces and even the west of China across the five epidemics. The temporal clusters of the five epidemics were statistically significant, and the peak period was from the end of January to April. The peak periods of the first and fifth epidemic were later than the mean peak period. Conclusions: Spatial and temporal clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in humans indeed exist, moreover the regions existing clusters may enlarge across five epidemics. Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region have the spatial cluster and the peak period is from January to April. The government should facilitate the tangible improvement for the epidemic preparedness.
Seizure Impact on the School Attendance in Children with Epilepsy: Prospective Study in the Pediatrics Neurology Clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital,Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Oumer , Beyene Ayalew moges
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background:
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease seen in Pediatrics Neurology Units in developing countries and like other chronic disorders it has been found to negatively affect school attendance and academic performance influencing school life of children. An educational underachievement can also be due to comorbid learning and behavioral problems in these children. The impact of epilepsy on school attendance may also contribute to the academic difficulties of children with epilepsy. The purpose of this study is to assess school absenteeism and determine which factors influence school absenteeism in school aged children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Methods:
A hospital based prospective study was conducted among school aged children and adolescents with epilepsy between the ages of 7-18 years attending at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic and their primary caretakers. A sample of 183 children and adolescents were included in the study. The participants (children and their parents/caregivers) gave information concerning the socio-demographic data, primary caregiver’s information like educational status, information concerning child’s seizure and epilepsy status disclosures to teachers and peer. And medical cards were thoroughly reviewed. Descriptive statistics and bi-variate logistic regression analysis was done to assess determinants of school absenteeism.
Results:
The prevalence of school absenteeism among children aged 7-18years at PNC follow up was 69.4%.Among other factors female sex with AOR 2.19(95% CI 1.03-4.84), having symptomatic seizure AOR 2.51(95% CI 1.09-5.86), having seizure at school and having longer duration of seizure were statistically significant association with school absenteeism.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the school absenteeism is very common among children aged 7-18 years at PNC follow up (69.4%) and that seizure has a significant impact on children’s school attendance.
Keywords: Epilepsy; School; Childhood; Absenteeism; Ethiopia
Trial registration: N/A
Physiological significance of ClpP in Enterococcus faecalis and its regulating proteins were identified by Tandem Mass Tag Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Jinxin , Wu Yang , Lin Zhiwei , Wang Guangfu , Jiang Sibo , Sun Xiang , Tu Haopeng , Yu Zhi-jian , Qu Di
Published: August 2019

Background

ClpP is important for bacterial growth and plays an indispensable role in cellular protein quality control systems by refolding or degrading damaged proteins, but the physiological significance of ClpP in Enterococcus faecalis is still obscure. Thus a clpP deletion mutant (△clpP) was constructed in E. faecalis OG1RF strain to elucidate a more comprehensive picture of the effect of ClpP on E. faecalis. The global abundance of proteins was determined by a mass spectrometer with Tandem Mass Tags labeling.

Results

The ΔclpP mutant strain showed impaired growth at 20°C or 45°C, at 5% NaCl or 2 mM H2O2. The surviving bacteria of the ΔclpP mutant strain reduced after exposure to the high concentration (50 x MIC) of linezolid or minocycline for 96 h. The ΔclpP mutant strain also demonstrated decreased biofilm formation but increased virulence in a Galleria mellonella model. The mass spectrometry proteomics data indicated that the abundances of 135 proteins changed (111 proteins increased, 24 proteins decreased) in the ΔclpP mutant strain. Among those differential abundance proteins, the abundances of stress response or virulence relating proteins: FsrA response regulator, gelatinase GelE, regulatory protein Spx (spxA), heat-inducible transcription repressor HrcA, transcriptional regulator CtsR, ATPase/chaperone ClpC, acetyl esterase/lipase, and chaperonin GroEL increased in the ΔclpP mutant strain; however, the abundances of ribosomal protein L4/L1 family protein (rplD), ribosomal protein L7/L12 (rplL2), 50S ribosomal protein L13 (rplM), L18 (rplR), L20 (rplT), 30S ribosomal protein S14 (rpsN2) and S18 (rpsR) all reduced. The abundances of biofilm formation related adapter protein MecA increased, while the abundances of dihydroorotase (pyrC), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (pyrE) and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrF) all decreased in the ΔclpP mutant strain.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that ClpP participates in stress tolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobials tolerance, and virulence of E. faecalis.
An Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Pathway Signature is associated with Cell De-differentiation, Neoadjuvant Response and Recurrence Risk in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Yong , Liu Dingxie
Published: August 2019

The role of ALK signaling in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC) is not clear. Previously we generated a gene signature for ALK pathway based on the difference of gene expression profiles between tumor cells with activated and inactive ALK pathway. Here, this signature was used to compute ALK pathway activity in BC samples from 42 microarray datasets, and the associations between ALK pathway score and the clinical outcome were examined by logistic regression and survival analysis. Our results indicated that high ALK pathway activity was a significant risk factor for the presence of higher-grade breast cancer with loss of ER and PR expression in the 42 datasets (n= 6381). ALK pathway activity was also positively associated with pathological complete response (pCR) in 15 datasets annotated with patient’s neoadjuvant response information (n= 2093, overall OR 1.67, p=2.00E-12), and with recurrence risk in 30 datasets annotated with patient’s survival information (n= 4678, overall HR 1.21, p=3.31E-08). The associations of ALK pathway activity with pCR and recurrence were more significant in HER2 negative and grade 1&2 tumors than in HER2 positive and grade 3 tumors. Notably, the association between ALK and tumor recurrence was statistically significant in patient with age>50 but not ≤50 years old, in patient with positive but not negative lymph node and in patients with residual disease but not pCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These data indicate that ALK may be involved in BC tumorigenesis and ALK pathway signature represents a novel biomarker for BC clinical management.
Effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé approach on physical activity, healthy eating and fundamental movement skills of preschoolers attending childcare centres: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leis Anne , Ward Stéphanie , Vatanparast Hassan , Humbert Louise , Chow Amanda Froehlich , Muhajarine Nazeem , Engler-Stringer Rachel , Bélanger Mathieu
Published: August 2019

Background

Since young children spend approximately 30 hours per week in early childcare centres (ECC), this setting is ideal to foster healthy behaviors. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé (HSDS) randomized controlled trial in increasing physical activity (PA) levels and improving healthy eating and fundamental movement skills in preschoolers attending ECC.

Methods

Sixty-one ECC were randomly selected and allocated to either the usual practice (n=30; n=433 children) or intervention group (n=31; n=464 children). The HSDS intervention group was provided a 3-hour on-site training for childcare educators which aimed to increase their knowledge and self-efficacy in promoting healthy eating, PA and development of fundamental movement skills in preschoolers. PA was measured during childcare hours for five consecutive days using the Actical accelerometer. Preschoolers’ fundamental movement skills were assessed using the standard TGMD-II protocol and POMP scores. Food intake was evaluated using digital photography-assisted weighted plate waste at lunch, over two consecutive days. All data were collected prior to the HSDS intervention and again 9 months later. Mixed-effect models were used to analyse the effectiveness of the HSDS intervention on all outcome measures.

Results

Total number of children who provided valid data at baseline and endpoint for PA, food intake and fundamental movement skills were 259, 670 and 492, respectively. Children in the HSDS intervention group had, on average, a 3.33 greater point increase in their locomotor motor skills scores than children in the control group (β=3.33, p=0.009). No significant differences in effects were observed for object control, PA and food intake. However, results demonstrated a marginal increase in portions of fruits and vegetables served in the intervention group compared to control group (β=0.06, p=0.05).

Conclusion

Locomotor skills showed a significant improvement in the intervention group compared to the control one. Although modest beneficial effects of HSDS were found, most outcome indicators progressed in a direction favouring the HSDS intervention compared to the usual practice group.
Prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among adult hypertensive patients in Tigray teaching hospitals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bahrey Degena , Gebremedhn Gebreamlak , Mariye Teklewoini , Girmay Alem , Aberhe Woldu , Hika Assefa , Teklay Girmay , Tasew Hagos , Zeru Teklay , Gerensea Hadgu , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and to identify associated factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among selected five hundred seventy eight hypertensive patients. Data were collected using face to face interviewing questionnaires and from medical chart review. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.
Result: Of the total 578 hypertensive patients the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was found to be 128 ( 22.1%). Of these hypertensive patients, patients with uncontrolled blood pressure, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetic mellitus, 43.3%, 33.7% , 27.3 % and 28.2 respectively. After adjustment, the independent variables the significant associated factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients were age [AOR (95% CI = 1.43 (1.07-1.81) ] , uncontrolled hypertension 4.434 [AOR ( 95%CI =9.45 (1.34, 14.73) ] , overweight/obese [AOR ( 95%CI =7.422 ( 2.72, 20.28) ] , dyslipidemia [AOR (95% CI) = 13.749 (5.69, 33.215)], diabetic mellitus [AOR (95% CI) = 2.137 (1.07, 4.26)]. In conclusion, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was considerably high. The major associated factors of chronic kidney disease were age, uncontrolled hypertension, overweight/obese, diabetic mellitus and dyslipidemia.
Mental health among immigrants in Germany – the impact of self-attribution and attribution by others as an immigrant
Authors: Nesterko Yuriy , Friedrich Michael , Brähler Elmar , Hinz Andreas , Glaesmer Heide
Published: August 2019

Background In Germany, the term ‘migration background' has been established to differentiate between immigrants and natives. In the present study post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression were analysed in immigrant populations in Germany by considering self-attribution as well as attribution by others on one’s own ‘migration background’. Methods In a population-based survey (N = 2317), socio-demographic characteristics, migration background (official statistics definition vs. self-attribution as well as the anticipated attribution by others), PTSD (PCL-5), symptoms of anxiety and depression (PHQ-4) were assessed. Logistic regression models were applied to predict mental health outcomes by considering socio-demographic and immigration-related factors. Results A total of 10.7% of the respondents (N = 248) had a ‘migration background’. Immigrants of the 2nd generation compared to 1st generation immigrants are less likely to see themselves as immigrants. Attribution as an immigrant (self and/or by others) was found as significant predictor for PTSD and depression, but not anxiety. Conclusions It seems useful to focus on immigration-related factors considering subjective perspectives and not only comparing immigrants and natives using a federal statistics definition. Our findings suggest that research on the association between immigration-related factors such as attribution as an immigrant and mental health outcomes might be a promising approach to better identify subgroups at higher risk of mental distress.
Diagnostic efficacy of double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with suspected isolated small bowel Crohn’s disease
Authors: Huang Zihan , Liu Xiang , Yang Fei , Wang Guoxin , Ge Nan , Wang Sheng , Guo Jintao , Sun Siyu
Published: August 2019

Background

Due to the development of double-balloon enteroscopy and video capsule endoscopy, direct visualization of the entire small intestinal mucosa has been achieved. Compared with video capsule endoscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy has the advantages of biopsy samples and endoscopic treatment. The aim of this research was to explore the value of double-balloon enteroscopy for isolated small bowel Crohn’s disease.

Methods

This study included patients with suspected isolated small bowel Crohn’s disease who were hospitalized in Shengjing Hospital from April 2014 to June 2018. We included patients with symptoms of chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, perianal lesions, and systemic symptoms including weight loss, fever, and anemia after excluding infection factors. Patients with purely colonic Crohn’s disease were excluded from this cohort. Patients with suspected isolated small bowel Crohn’s disease underwent double-balloon enteroscopy.

Results

With clear endoscopic images and histological support, 14 patients were diagnosed with isolated small bowel Crohn’s disease. Three patients who were diagnosed with small bowel Crohn’s disease by double-balloon enteroscopy showed improved morphological features of the small bowel when the double-balloon enteroscopy was reviewed after medical treatment.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of Crohn’s disease is usually based on the patient’s clinical history and related examinations. Double-balloon enteroscopy provides imaging support and histological support for the definitive diagnosis of Crohn’s disease and can be considered as a useful tool to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in the future.
Predictors of Anaemia prevalence among pregnant women in urban Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akowuah Jones Asafo , Owusu-Addo Ebenezer , Antwiwaa Ama Opuni
Published: August 2019

Background Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Despite its wide scope and adverse effects including increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term adverse effects in the new born, extensive interventions using upstream approaches to public health have largely not been implemented. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in pregnant women in four health facilities in the Kwabre East Municipality of Ghana.Method A cross-sectional survey with a two-stage sampling technique was conducted on 220 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the selected health facilities. Interview-based structured questionnaires were used. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors.Results The prevalence of anaemia was 11.4%. Few women (25) were anaemic and morphologically, 14 had normocytic normochromic (56%) anemia and 9 had Microcytic hypochromic (36) anaemia. Iron deficiency was reported in 19 (8.6%) pregnant women. Iron sulphate intake (AOR [95% CI] = 3.16 [1.15, 7.37], ANC follow-up during pregnancy (AOR [95% CI] = 3.07 [1.59, 7.99], household size of ≥ 5 (AOR [95% CI] = 3.58 [1.75, 9.52], folic acid intake (AOR [95% CI] = 5.29 [2.65, 12.39] and the period in pregnancy AOR [95% CI]= ≥36 weeks 3.2 (1.3–4.5) were independent predictors of anemia.Conclusion Though anaemia prevalence has been low in urban areas as previously reported, collaborated healthcare measures that aim at eradicating the menace are encouraged. Maternal health care interventions including the administration of folic acid, regular iron sulphate intake and intensive education on early ANC are recommended.
Pain talk in palliative care: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Wu Yijin
Published: August 2019

Aim

Using the method of Conversation Analysis (CA), this study aims to demonstrate how the palliative care provider uses different types of interactional practices to address patient’s pain concerns.

Background

The delivery of palliative care services could be facilitated through effective communication. The method of conversation analysis is effective in improving communication skills. Conversation analysis, used in other healthcare settings, also is a useful way to explore the interactional details between palliative care providers and terminally ill patients.

Method

The data showed in this study are obtained from 2 videotapes of provider-patient interaction in palliative care settings. The videos and the initial transcript of them are collected from the Alexander St website http://ctiv.alexanderstreet.com, an educational resource presenting a large collection of psycho-therapeutic videos. The data is analyzed using the method of conversation analysis.

Results

In this study, an illustrative analysis is demonstrated to show the potential of conversation analysis for research on pain talk in palliative care. It has been shown that conversation analysis could contribute to unfolding the interactional details regarding “pain talk” in palliative care settings. Specifically, CA could provide a detailed a description and interpretation of the conversational practices used to construct palliative care provider participation in delivering pain talk. In addition, CA could also demonstrate the interactional resources by which patients disclose their experiences of physical and spiritual pain to the palliative care provider and the way how the palliative care provider responds to patient’s problematic experiences.

Conclusion

This study identifies five types of interactional resources which are used to deal with patient’s pain concerns in palliative care setting. A conversation analytical study of pain talk in palliative care could provide a turn-by-turn description of how the palliative care provider communicates with the terminally ill patient in terms of pain concerns. The findings in this study could inform how the palliative care provider initiates, delivers and develops a pain talk with the terminally ill patient effectively.
Nurses’ knowledge towards pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Muhammed Ezedin Molla , Bifftu Berhanu Boru , Temachu Yemataw Zewdu , Walle Tarkie Abebe
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practice towards prevention of pressure ulcer. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia.Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess Nurses’ knowledge and associated factors towards pressure ulcer prevention at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05.Result

Mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge.Conclusion

Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer.
Burden of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis on Workers in the US: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Survey Data
Authors: Nicholas Jacqueline , Electricwala Batul , Lee Lulu K. , Johnson Kristen M
Published: August 2019

Background: MS is prevalent among working age individuals (20-60 years), leading to high burden on work productivity. Few data are available about the absenteeism and presenteeism in employed individuals with MS in comparison to non-MS personnel. This study aimed to quantify the burden of illness of employed US adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and examine burden by levels of work impairment.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using patient-reported responses from the US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS). Data from NHWS 2015-2016 were analyzed from 196 employed RRMS respondents who were matched 1:4 to employed respondents without multiple sclerosis (MS) based on demographic and general health characteristics. Demographic and general health characteristics for employed RRMS individuals were analyzed by levels of work impairment (none, 1-30%; 31-68%; 69-100%). Work productivity (absenteeism, presenteeism, and work impairment), decrements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (short form-36, EQ-5D), and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) were compared to determine the burden of RRMS.

Results: After propensity score matching, the levels of absenteeism and presenteeism were 2 and 1.8 times higher in the employed RRMS population than the employed non-MS population, respectively (P<0.001 for both). HRQoL was significantly lower in employed respondents with RRMS than those without MS (P<0.001 for all). Employed respondents with RRMS had significantly more HCRU over 6 months compared to those without MS (P<0.001). Furthermore, among employed RRMS respondents, greater levels of impairment were associated with increasing disease severity, greater healthcare resource use, fatigue, and cognitive impairment and inversely associated with mental and physical HRQoL (P<0.0001 for all).

Conclusions: Among employed individuals, respondents with RRMS had lower, work productivity, HRQoL, and higher HCRU as compared with those without MS. Given the large impact RRMS has on work impairment, a need exists to manage individuals on therapies that improve HRQoL, reduce symptoms, and improve their ability to perform in the workforce.
The reliability and validity of a slightly optimized Chinese version simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire
Authors: yuan Junliang , wang yunxiao , Hu Wenli , Bruno Askiel
Published: August 2019

Background: The slightly optimized English version simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire smRSq(2011) was shown to be reliable, valid, and useful in scoring the modified Rankin scale (mRS) after stroke. Our aim was to assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of a novel Chinese version smRSq(2011).
Methods: The English version smRSq(2011) was translated into Chinese by a standard process. We recruited 300 consecutive hospitalized ischemic stroke patients in the department of neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Six randomly paired raters scored the conventional mRS, the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the Barthel index (BI) in-person. Inter-rater reliability and validity were assessed.
Results: Among the 300 ischemic stroke patients, mean age was 64.9±12.1 years, and 220 (73%) were male. For inter-rater reliability of the smRSq(2011), the percent agreement among raters was 87%, the kappa (κ) was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), and the weighted kappa (κw) was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). The percent agreement between the conventional mRS and the smRSq(2011) was 63%, κ=0.57 (95% CI, 0.50-0.63) and κw=0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.95). In construct validity testing, the Spearman’s correlation coefficients comparing the smRSq(2011) to the NIHSS and the BI were 0.83 (P<0.001) and 0.86 (P<0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: Our results suggest usefulness of the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011) in scoring the mRS in Chinese stroke patients. Further validation in other clinical settings, including in communities and by remote methods in China is warranted.
Self-medication with antibiotics in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shayan Shah Jahan , Negarandeh Reza , Nazari Rajab , Kiwanuka Frank , Rad Sanaz Akhavan
Published: August 2019

Objective This review sought to assess the prevalence of antibiotic self-medication, common antibiotics and reasons for self-medication in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of World Health Organization (EMRWHO).Results We report on data from 45 articles and 29606 participants in this review. The overall prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in EMRWHO was 49.7% (95% CI 49.2% – 50.2%). Yemen has the highest rate with a rate of 69.6% (95% CI 68.1% - 71.1%), whilst Kuwait has the lowest rate with a prevalence of 27.5%. The most common illnesses implicated in antibiotic self-medication were upper-respiratory infections and the most common antibiotic was Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. The commonest reasons for antibiotic self-medication include: saving time and money. Pharmacies pointed out as a most common source of obtaining antibiotics for self-medication.
Just Say “No”: Can Dentists Refuse Care on the Basis of Finances? A Survey Using an Ethical Vignette in an Iranian Dental School
Authors: Kazemian Ali , Fayyazi Mahsa , Shafiee Shahrzad
Published: August 2019

Background: Many dental procedures seem to be too expensive for many people. Responding to the requests of patients for fee reduction could be considered a common ethical issue of dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental students and tutors’ ethical attitude towards fee reduction at dental offices. Method: Our study was a questionnaire-based survey, which examined the ethical attitudes of students and tutors of an Iranian Dental School. The questionnaire included a vignette about an ethical dilemma at a dental office. Different ethical approaches, i.e. duty-based, virtue-oriented and consequentialist arguments, for or against fee reduction at dental office were suggested. Respondents were asked to rank those ethical options. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 16.0. 121 dental students and 36 faculty members (dental specialists) participated in this study. Result: Our findings revealed that the majority of dental students and tutors (68%) are in favor of making a reduction when facing an imagined request at dental office, using either virtue-oriented (54%) or consequentialist (14%) arguments. The difference between rankings of four options was statistically significant, while no statistically significant difference exists neither between male and female respondents, nor students and tutors. Conclusion: This case study provides a basis for fruitful discussions in ethics courses for dental students. Our study suggests that financial issues should be considered as a part of ethical training in the dental students’ curriculum.
An interprofessional cohort analysis of student interest in medical ethics education: A survey-based quantitative study
Authors: DeFoor Mikalyn T , Chung Yunmi , Zadinsky Julie K , Dowling Jeffrey , II Richard W Sams
Published: August 2019

Background : There is continued need for enhanced medical ethics education across the United States, particularly in an interprofessional setting. In an effort to guide medical ethics education reform, we report the first interprofessional survey of a cohort of graduate medical, nursing and allied health professional students that examined perceived student need for more formalized medical ethics education and assessed preferences for teaching methods in a graduate level bioethics curriculum. Methods : In January 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 562 of 1,357 responses received (41% overall response rate) among students enrolled in the School of Medicine, College of Nursing, Doctor of Physical Therapy and BS/(D)MD Professional Scholars programs at the [Name of institution blinded for review]. An in person or web-based questionnaire was designed to measure perceived need for a more structured bioethics curriculum. Results : The majority of respondents were female (333, 59.3%), white (326, 58.0%) and mid-20s in age (340, 60.5%). Almost half of respondents (47%) reported no prior medical ethics exposure or training in their previous educational experience, while 60% of students across all degree programs reported an interest in more ethics education and 92% noted that an understanding of medical ethics was important to their future career. Over a quarter of students (28%) were interested in pursuing graduate-level training in medical ethics, with case-based discussions, small group peer settings and ethics guest lectures being the most desired teaching methods. Conclusions : The future physician, nursing and physical therapist workforce in our medical community demonstrated an unmet need and strong interest for more formal medical ethics education within their current coursework. Integration of interprofessional training in medical ethics may serve as a vital curricular approach to improving the training of ethically competent healthcare professionals and overcoming the current hierarchical clinical silos.
Irrigation Salinity Effects on Tifway Bermudagrass Growth and Nitrogen Uptake
Authors: Chang Baoxin , Wherley Benjamin G. , Aitkenhead‐Peterson Jacqueline A. , West Jason B.
Published: August 2019

Salinity stress is becoming a more prevalent issue for turf managers due to increased use of recycled water for irrigation. While published data are available on electrical conductivity (EC) thresholds for maintaining adequate turf growth and quality, data are lacking on the relationship between increasing irrigation and/or soil EC and turfgrass nutrient uptake efficiency. The objectives of this greenhouse experiment were to evaluate the effects of five irrigation water sources (reverse osmosis, sodic potable, 2.5 dS m−1 saline [SA], 5 dS m−1 SA, and 10 dS m−1 SA) and two soluble fertilizer N sources (15N‐labeled sources of ammonium sulfate and urea) on Tifway bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] growth responses and N uptake efficiency. Results demonstrated that Tifway bermudagrass was capable of tolerating irrigation EC levels up to 5 dS m−1, which corresponded to final soil EC levels (at 2.5‐cm depth) of ∼2 to 2.6 dS m−1. However, with 10 dS m−1 irrigation (corresponding to soil EC levels of ∼3–5 dS m−1), turf quality declined to unacceptable levels and N uptake noticeably declined. Also, under increasing salinity (salinity levels of 2.5, 5, and 10 dS m−1), urea produced superior turf quality relative to ammonium sulfate. Collectively, the results indicate that for well‐watered, sand‐based Tifway bermudagrass, lower N fertilization rates should be considered once irrigation EC levels exceed 5 dS m−1 or corresponding soil EC levels at the 2.5‐cm depth exceed 2 dS m−1. Although N uptake efficiency of ammonium sulfate was greater than that of urea across all water sources in Year 1, results indicate that urea provided higher turf quality than ammonium sulfate under elevated salinity.
More than Meets the Dye: Evaluating Preferential Flow Paths as Microbial Hotspots
Authors: Franklin Shane , Vasilas Bruce , Jin Yan
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

O2–sensitive optodes located microbial hotspots along artificial preferential flow pathways.

O2 depletion served as a reference for microbial activity.

O2 depletion locations show preferential flow paths as dynamic biogeochemical entities.

Preferential flow paths have been suggested to function as microbial hotspots. This idea is speculative, based on biomass counts rather than assessments of the activity of the microbial population. In this study we used O2–sensitive optodes, or optical sensor devices, to observe O2 depletion by soil microbes as a reference for microbial activity along three artificially constructed preferential flow path geometries. The flow paths were constructed using contrasting fine (210–297 μm) and coarse (595–841 μm) sand textures in the geometries of (i) coarse sand in the center surrounded by fine sand, (ii) half coarse sand on the left and half fine sand on the right, and (iii) fine sand in the center surrounded by coarse sand. A soil slurry, containing soil microbes and glucose as an added source of C, was flowed through the sands to create nutrient gradients due to nonuniform flow. Results suggest that O2 depletion is greatest along the boundary between preferential flow paths (coarse sand) and the bulk matrix (fine sand). While the results offer insight into the locations of microbial activity, the exact positioning remains unclear. Our work suggests that preferential flow plays a key role in the spatial distribution of microbial hotspots in soil and demonstrates the nexus between soil physical and microbial processes. We show that O2–sensitive optodes were effective in monitoring O2 depletion due to microbial activity along the paths. To address issues related to C cycling under the changing environment, biophysical processes in flow paths must be better understood.
Special features of formation of the source base for economic socialization
Authors: Stukalo Nataliia , Simakhova Anastasiia , Shmarlouskaya Halina
Published: August 2019

Trends in the global social development increasingly clearly demonstrate their relation to the processes of socialization of the global economy. Countries around the world are creating a global socio-economic space in the framework of integration and globalization. Global development of social economies in the world serves as the basis for further cooperation of the countries in addressing global problems and ensuring decent living standards of the population. It also applies to the countries with transition economies. The main problem of development of the process of economy socialization is its financial support, which makes the search for potential sources of financing more relative.The article’s aim is to assess the source base of socialization of the economy of Ukraine as a country with transition economy with identification of strengths and weaknesses of financial security of social processes in the country.Method of investigation was the correlation-regression analysis of the source base of socialization of the Ukrainian economy with construction of a multifactor regression equation. The main result of the article is correlation-regression analysis that has found that the amount of income of the population is significantly affected by two indicators: financing of scientific and technical works and the amount of loans provided by the Ukrainian banks to the residents. In the article, it is proposed to stimulate the innovative activity through increasing the funding of scientific and technical works from different sources that can be practical recommendation to the government politics.
Identificação do Nível de Contribuição das Universidades para o Desenvolvimento através da Inovação: uma proposta de métrica
Authors: Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde , Maciel Dayanna Dos Santos Costa
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do artigo é propor uma métrica de mensuração do nível de contribuição de uma universidade para o desenvolvimento regional através da inovação. A pesquisa realizada tem cunho teórico e foi adotado como procedimento metodológico a revisão sistemática da literatura do tipo integrativa, sendo esta realizada na literatura nacional e internacional dos últimos 10 anos que considera a relação existente entre universidade, inovação e desenvolvimento regional. Como  resultado são apresentados abordagens e modelos específicos, com foco nas proposições da Tripla Hélice (ETZKOWITZ; ZHOU, 2017) e de Produtos Universitários (LENDEL; QIAN, 2017) , em seguida, uma proposta de métrica que possibilita identificação e análise mais apurada do nível  de contribuição das universidades para o desenvolvimento regional através da inovação. Conclui-se que a principal contribuição deste artigo consiste em apresentar um caminho para que se possa medir e/ou classificar as contribuições que a universidade para o desenvolvimento econômico regional através da inovação.
Comprometimento e Entrincheiramento Organizacional e suas relações com o Engajamento no Trabalho: um estudo com servidores técnico-administrativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino
Authors: Pereira André Da Silva , Lopes Dionara Dorneles
Published: August 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivos (i) identificar os níveis de comprometimento organizacional, entrincheiramento organizacional e engajamento no trabalho e (ii) analisar a relação entre o comprometimento organizacional, entrincheiramento organizacional e engajamento no trabalho dos servidores técnico-administrativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino. A pesquisa foi realizada com 79 servidores Técnico–Administrativos, ocupantes de diversos cargos, pertencentes a uma Institutos Federais de Ensino, localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Esta pesquisa é descritiva, com emprego de abordagem metodológica quantitativa, e para a coletada de dados utilizou-se o um questionário com questões fechadas, para investigar os níveis de comprometimento organizacional, entrincheiramento organizacional e engajamento no trabalho e suas dimensões. Os resultados encontrados apontam um nível alto de comprometimento, mediano de entrincheiramento e de engajamento no trabalho dos servidores. Com relação as correlações os resultados deste estudo apontaram uma correlação positiva e significativa do comprometimento e do engajamento no trabalho principalmente com a dimensão dedicação, já com o entrincheiramento os resultados apontaram uma correlação negativa e significante com o engajamento no trabalho, sendo os resultados mais significantes com a dimensão de limitações de alternativas.
O Perfil Migratório dos Egressos do Curso de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, como Fonte de Informação para a Avaliação Institucional e o Desenvolvimento Regional
Authors: Linassi Regasson Carlos Augusto , Rodrigues da Silva Vanderlei , Bauer Pilla Ricardo
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo levantar informações a respeito da migração profissional do discente egresso do curso de Agronomia da UFSM-FW como ferramenta de apoio na avaliação institucional e no desenvolvimento regional. Para cumprir o objetivo, o levantamento de dados ocorreu através de um questionário estruturado online com o uso da plataforma “Google Formulários” e de endereço de e-mail. A comunicação com os egressos foi através de redes sociais, principalmente o “Facebook”. Dos 243 formados entre 2011 e 2015, foram contatados 229 egressos e a taxa de retorno dos questionários foi de 72,43% (176 respostas). Os principais resultados demonstram que 88,07% dos egressos residiam na região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul e 53,41% dos egressos estão atuando profissionalmente nesta região. Além disso, os principais motivos por terem escolhido cursar o curso de Agronomia estão relacionados com a localização geográfica do campus e com o interesse pela área agrícola e agropecuária. Já os principais motivos que levaram a escolha do local de atuação profissional são a identificação com a área específica de trabalho e a remuneração. Diante dos resultados, a universidade e a região têm acesso a um maior conhecimento acerca dos profissionais da Agronomia, de forma que essas informações sirvam de ferramenta de apoio na tomada de decisão de melhorias do curso e mudanças pedagógicas, bem como no desenvolvimento da região através da inserção do Engenheiro Agrônomo (a).
Inter-organizational Trust: definitions, elements and operationalization
Authors: Schmidt Serje , Schreiber Dusan
Published: August 2019

Trust management represents a relevant challenge for managers in contexts where the adoption of behaviours that prioritize the satisfaction of individual objectives is prevalent over behaviours directed towards social goods. In this theoretical essay, we propose a review of seminal and contemporary authors on inter-organizational trust. Structuring elements of this phenomena were identified, which allowed the analysis regarding the relevance of its contribution to inter-organizational relationships based on trust. In addition, we reviewed some of the main authors who discuss how to operationalize trust in relationships between organizations. In this article, built in the format of a theoretical essay, it was possible to point out some paths to a theoretical model on inter-organizational trust.
A Socioeducação como Dispositivo de Poder Disciplinar: Histórias Vividas
Authors: Melo Tatiane Alves de , Souza Eloísio Moulin de
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a socioeducação como dispositivo de poder disciplinar. Para cumprir seu intento, foi preciso analisar as histórias de vida de um ex-interno do Sistema Socioeducativo da região sudeste do Brasil, considerando a medida socioeducativa de internação. O estudo de cunho qualitativo adotou o método biográfico com um sujeito do sexo masculino. Na operacionalização da fase produção de dados realizaram-se encontros e conversas que oportunizaram entrevistas em profundidade. As histórias relatadas foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, criando duas categorias a posteriori. Conclui-se que a socioeducação é um dispositivo, pois inscreve-se num jogo de poder, articula estratégias de relações de forças e produz um discurso que estabelece regras de conduta para gerir a vida dos socioeducandos. A socioeducação desvela-se como um dispositivo que faz circular por inteiro o poder disciplinar, que se expressa por meio de elementos/instrumentos, como a sanção normalizadora, a disciplina, o quadriculamento, o exame, a vigilância, o olhar hierárquico e o saber gerado sobre o indivíduo, por exemplo. Os espaços socioeducativos são vigiados em sua totalidade, assim, o socioeducando é inserido meticulosamente para ser localizado, controlado, examinado, distribuído, dócil e útil.
Reflexos das Mídias Sociais na Cultura Organizacional da Polícia Militar
Authors: Lima Mirian Assumpcao e
Published: August 2019

O isolamento em relação ao mundo civil é um dos traços da cultura em organizações de caráter militar. Tal isolamento influencia ou se liga a outros traços como desconfiança, sentido de missão e formalismo. Assim, torna-se difícil pensarmos no emprego de tecnologias de informação e comunicação que permitam uma maior interação com a comunidade pelos integrantes dessas organizações. Neste estudo, investigamos o processo de adoção das mídias sociais pela Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de compreender a influência do uso dessas ferramentas na cultura organizacional. Realizamos um estudo de caso qualitativo instrumental por meio de uma abordagem construcionista, de modo a analisar as práticas discursivas. Os resultados apontaram para dois repertórios interpretativos: “WhatsApp é a mídia do policial” e “Facebook é a mídia da polícia”. Esses repertórios caracterizam-se por uma menor disposição à exposição pública por parte do policial e uma maior exposição institucional em busca de uma boa imagem pública.