bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of climate drivers and fishing effort on fish stock condition using dynamic factor analysis: a case study from the Caspian Sea
Authors: Fazli Hasan , Daryanabard Gholam Reza , Pourgholami Akbar , Hoseini Seyed Abbas , Mirzaei Mohammad Reza , Bahreini Parto
Published: February 2025

We explored the potential impact of climate-driven factors [East Atlantic-West Russian pattern, sea surface level (SSL), sea surface temperature (SST) and river discharge] alongside fishing effort (E) on shifts in aquatic species demographics. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was employed for indices of annual catch (Cat), Abundance (Abu), fingerlings released, spawning stock biomass (SSB), percentage of immature (Imm), mega spawners and relative condition factor from datasets of Chelon aurata and Rutilus kutum over 30 years. Of 324 DFA models, the optimal model for both species included a “diagonal and unequal“ R matrix with SST, SSL and E as exploratory covariates, revealing one common trend for C. aurata and SST and SSL and two common trends for R. kutum. Within the common trend for C. aurata, Abu and SSB displayed a strong positive correlation with trend 1. In the case of R. kutum, the first common trend showed a positive correlation with Cat, Abu, and SSB and a negative one with Imm. Also, rising SST and decreasing SSL negatively affect species’ health. This study emphasizes integrated monitoring and management to sustain fish species and the ecosystem, advocating adaptive strategies to counter environmental stressors and anthropogenic effects.
The Influence of Family Socio-Economic on Children’s Gender Expectations in Macau
Authors: Wei Yingxu , Chen Yu
Published: February 2025

Gender roles reflect the way people are influenced by social expectations and specific cultural contexts. Parents usually project their gender beliefs into their childrearing. Macau, as a special administrative region, combines Asian and Western culture with authoritative parenting models and Western encouragement styles. This paper aims to explore how Macau parents’ socioeconomic status (SES) influences their gender expectations and their approach to gender education for young children. We gathered 84 valid questionnaires titled “Macau Parents’ Gender Expectations of Young Children” via an online portal. We examine the frequency of toy purchases, parental career expectations for their children, and the gender of primary caretakers, assessing variations by SES group. Ultimately, we conclude that higher family SES affords greater resources and opportunities for children while diminishing traditional gender stereotypes.
Ensuring Academic Integrity: Tools and Mechanisms for a Transparent Educational Environment
Authors: Manta Otilia , Militaru Iuliana , Grigore Ramona
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the concept of academic integrity and the various tools and mechanisms designed to ensure transparency and ethical practices within educational institutions. A key focus is placed on the “public integrity whistleblower for academic activities,” which functions as a critical mechanism for identifying and addressing violations of academic integrity. The study investigates the role of this tool in preventing academic non-compliance and supporting an environment of academic accountability and transparency. By providing a platform for reporting unethical conduct, the whistleblower mechanism strengthens the principles of honesty and fairness, contributing to the development of a trustworthy educational environment. The paper also addresses the limitations of the current system, particularly the absence of comprehensive regulatory and procedural frameworks to fully support academic integrity. These challenges underline the need for further research into academic ethics, especially in the context of open-source materials and the growing accessibility of information.
Loneliness among Students Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Da Nang, Vietnam
Authors: Le Lam T , Phan Ti Mai-Huong , Wong Johnston H. C.
Published: February 2025

Loneliness stood out as a significant emotional experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in times of enforced social distancing. This study examines the phenomenon of loneliness and its effects on adolescent mental health in Da Nang City throughout the pandemic. Data collection took place online in early 2023, approximately 18 months after lockdown restrictions in Da Nang were lifted. A total of 1,262 students from grades 6 to 12 participated in the study. Key findings include: (1) loneliness was a dominant emotional response among adolescents during lockdown compared to post-pandemic; (2) major contributors to loneliness included illness, social isolation, and insufficient parental attention and care; (3) although many adolescents reported brief and mild feelings of loneliness, a notable percentage experienced persistent and intense loneliness; and (4) support from family and peers was vital in mitigating the mental health challenges associated with loneliness. These insights highlight the critical role of social connections in addressing the enduring psychological impacts of loneliness.
L’approche transformatrice en matière d’égalité des genres : rhétorique et limites d’un modèle voyageur
Authors: Plouffe Véronique
Published: February 2025

Cet article vise à interroger l’approche dite « transformatrice en matière de genre » (ATG) en analysant un projet canadien d’aide internationale en santé maternelle. Bien que ce modèle ait été adopté par plusieurs organisations d’aide internationale, peu d’écrits scientifiques l’ont examiné de manière critique. Fondé sur une analyse de documents institutionnels et sur mon implication personnelle dans le projet, et à la lumière du concept des « modèles voyageurs » et des perspectives féministes critiques, cet article décortique les manières dont l’ATG a été conceptualisée et mise en œuvre à partir du Canada. Il démontre que l’approche transformatrice a un potentiel limité à apporter des changements structurels, notamment en raison des processus standardisés et technocratiques qui la caractérisent, et de ses prémisses occidentalo-centrées qui tendent à minimiser la complexité des contextes socioculturels locaux.
Dessine pour l’égalité et contre les violences ! Prescrire les ODD liés au genre par la coopération artistique au Maroc
Authors: David Emmanuelle
Published: February 2025

Depuis les années 2010, les organismes de la coopération internationale ont investi un nouveau mode de diffusion des valeurs liées à l’objectif du développement durable 5, à savoir des concours artistiques autour de la thématique de l’égalité des sexes. Prospèrent ainsi les invitations à « rapper pour promouvoir l’égalité » (Coopération espagnole, 2022), à photographier « l’égalité dans ta rue » (ambassade de France et AFD, 2021) ou encore à produire des caricatures « pour l’égalité de genre » (Heinrich Böll Stiftung, 2021). Le caractère novateur de ces dispositifs pose la question du renouvellement des pratiques des bailleurs, qui n’hésitent pas à coopérer avec des acteurs du domaine artistique pour diffuser des normes. Cet article interroge les visions du genre et/ou du féminisme qui circulent dans ces projets, et la manière dont ces prescriptions sont saisies par les participant·es à ces concours. L’article s’appuie sur un terrain empirique au Maroc et sur la discussion avec les théories féministes critiques du développement et montre que ces programmes encouragent le déploiement d’un registre prospectif et non conflictuel du genre tout en décourageant l’expression d’une adhésion claire au féminisme.
Les passages alternatifs du crédit : profilage numérique et intermédiation au Mexique
Authors: Crucifix Clément
Published: February 2025

Au Mexique, les institutions financières se réfèrent largement à une plateforme de profilage numérique qui classifie les gens suivant leur niveau de risque. Ces classifications déterminent en retour les conditions d’accès à une ressource centrale pour les populations : le crédit. Au travers d’une enquête ethnographique dans une région rurale du Mexique, l’article analyse les pratiques collectives via lesquelles les populations négocient les modes de classification promus par ces nouvelles technologies. Plutôt que de postuler l’obsolescence de toute forme d’intervention humaine, je démontre le rôle joué par certains acteurs intermédiaires, capables de contourner les barrières imposées par la plateforme et d’intégrer des conceptions alternatives de la responsabilité. Cette aptitude en fait des protagonistes centraux des réseaux économiques locaux. Ce faisant, l’article explore plus largement comment les modes de classification promus par une plateforme de profilage numérique reconfigurent les rapports sociaux dans une société rurale mexicaine.
Pratiques photographiques amateures à la Société astronomique de France (1882-1915) : diffusion, apprentissage et professionnalisation
Authors: Joannes Nicolas
Published: February 2025

L’apparition de la revue L’Astronomie en 1882 et de la Société astronomique de France cinq ans plus tard, offre des espaces de diffusion et de pratique privilégiés pour les astronomes. Cet article propose d’examiner la frontière fluctuante entre différentes catégories d’astronomes à la fin du xixe siècle, des professionnels des observatoires d’État jusqu’aux « purs » amateurs, en passant par des astronomes « privés », en s’appuyant sur la production astrophotographique et le parcours de plusieurs membres de la Société considérés comme amateurs. Nous montrerons que leurs contributions, clichés et articles techniques, témoignent d’un véritable savoir-faire astrophotographique et que le siège de la Société, son observatoire bien équipé et ses cours sont d’importants lieux d’apprentissage, d’échange et de pratique régulière. Ainsi, la Société et ses revues ont joué un rôle-clé dans la formation de jeunes astronomes qui se feront par la suite une place dans des observatoires professionnels.
Exploring Empathy
Authors: Creighton Randall Olayinka , Creighton-Randall Olayinka
Published: February 2025

This Chapter seeks to explore the lived experiences of how first-generation African immigrant women Nurse Leaders show empathy to their staff. There is a general lack of research on empathy exhibited among healthcare professionals towards their direct reports. This is even more apparent when researching how Black women nurse leaders demonstrate empathy toward their subordinates. This research contributes to the organizational leadership field by deepening the understanding of empathy as it relates to nurse leadership, specifically among first-generation African immigrant women. The insights and recommendations from this research can help nurse leaders better support and empower their teams, ultimately improving patient care. Key recommendations include the introduction of empathy training early in nursing education and assessing empathy throughout a nurse's career; emphasizing mentorship programs to help nurse leaders balance empathy and policy enforcement and the provision of continuous mentoring to ensure that nurse leaders show empathy to their staff, not just their patients.
Social Media in Healthcare
Authors: Pressler Heather May , Greene Joseph A. , Zimmer Tiffany
Published: February 2025

Social media has evolved significantly over the past two decades allow people to create, share, and engage with content and connect with others. When it comes to healthcare, social media's growing influence is visible through various trends including information sharing, patient support and communities, professional networking, and healthcare marketing and branding. Some of the benefits of social media in healthcare include increased accessibility to health information, faster public health responses, and increased patient support and community building. While risks include the spread of health misinformation, privacy and confidentiality concerns, and legal challenges. Social media is significant because it plays an important role in helping leaders in healthcare understand stakeholder alignment. Social media can also help promote inclusivity, increase transparency and trust between leaders and stakeholders, and gather real-time feedback from them. By utilizing social media effectively, healthcare leaders can gain a deeper understanding of stakeholder alignment within their mission.
Human Factors Engineering-as-a-Service in Cybersecurity
Authors: Nobles Calvin , Rangarajan Anuradha , Burrell Darrell Norman
Published: February 2025

Human Factors Engineering as a Service (HFEaaS) provides a human-centered framework for enhancing cybersecurity by addressing cognitive, psychological, and behavioral interactions with security systems. By prioritizing usability and cognitive alignment, HFEaaS reduces complexity, minimizes human error, and strengthens resilience against cyber threats. Its implementation involves four phases: (a) assessment, identifying performance bottlenecks through usability audits; customization, (b) designing bespoke solutions to reduce cognitive load and errors; (c) deployment, integrating adaptive interfaces, training, and error-resistant designs; and (d) scaling and iteration, refining solutions through analytics and feedback. This continuous improvement cycle enhances cybersecurity defenses and aligns with high-reliability operations by embedding structured processes and shared knowledge. Future research should explore predictive behavioral analytics, optimal automation, and organizational readiness to further support HFEaaS adoption.
Importance of AI and Big Data in the World of Sports
Authors: Bazhrang Mojgan
Published: February 2025

Big data, also known as mega data, encompasses large and complex datasets that traditional data management tools cannot adequately process. Over the years, the importance of big data has expanded across various sectors, including healthcare, finance, retail, and notably, sports. A core objective of this study is to clarify why big data has become indispensable in the sports industry. To illustrate this, the authors provide real-world examples from case studies and scientific literature that reveal how big data has revolutionized sports. Through data-driven analysis and predictive capabilities, teams are now able to make more informed and strategic decisions, optimize the performance of athletes, and boost fan engagement.
AI-Powered Web Solution for Disaster Risk Management
Authors: Davda Yatri , Khilari Ruchita , Gaikwad Swapnali
Published: February 2025

This project leverages AI and web development to create a disaster risk management platform that predicts, monitors, and responds to both natural and man-made disasters. Using AI algorithms, it processes data from sources like weather patterns and real-time sensors to forecast disasters and assess risks. With interactive dashboards and real-time alerts, the platform aids emergency responders and policymakers, enhancing preparedness and recovery efforts. By empowering users, it fosters safer, more resilient communities.
Evaluating Gender Bias in Computational AI-Based Approaches
Authors: Gautam Janhavi , Singh Hakam , Mishra Nilamadhab , Sharma Kapil , Tripathy Ramamani , Nayak Rudra Kalyan
Published: February 2025

Ethics in computational AI-based approaches have become an inclusive topic of interest among researchers when artificial intelligence has come to light. Doubts have always existed against the ethical implications of introducing artificial intelligence to society. With the advent of artificial intelligence, these voices have only grown louder. Over the years, many guidelines and policies have been introduced to ensure network security, economic development, and quality of life. However, the impact of these policies and whether they would be sustainable is still under consideration. There are too many positions where biased data sets and algorithms are used. The outline of this research is arranged in a way that allows an analysis of the algorithm used by a well-known application. The data being used here has been amassed from a varied set of people, and rigorous inspection of the data has occurred to produce thorough results.
Integrating Markov Models in Supply Chain Management Exploring Human and Ecological Dimensions
Authors: Gowsalya M. , Kuriyakose Delna
Published: February 2025

The increasing complexity of global supply chains necessitates advanced analytical tools to address uncertainty, optimize decision-making, and incorporate sustainability goals. This chapter explores the application of Markov models in supply chain management, with a particular focus on their integration into human and ecological dimensions. Markov decision processes (MDPs) are examined for their ability to optimize resource allocation and dynamic decision-making under uncertainty, while hidden Markov models (HMMs) are highlighted for their utility in understanding latent state dynamics. Finally, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are discussed for their robust probabilistic modeling capabilities, particularly in scenarios involving high-dimensional data. The chapter also delves into the challenges of integrating these models into real-world supply chain systems. Finally, future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the role of AI-driven Markov frameworks in advancing sustainable, adaptive, and human-centric supply chain solutions.
System Experts in AI
Authors: Vhatkar Kapil , Davda Yatri , Sodhi Aniket
Published: February 2025

An Expert System in AI is software designed to mimic a human expert's decision-making abilities by applying logic to a vast knowledge base. It provides recommendations or decisions similar to those of professionals in fields like medicine, law, or engineering. The system consists of a knowledge base with domain-specific information and an inference engine that applies rules, often through “if-then” logic, to draw conclusions. Its strengths include efficient, continuous analysis and reliable advice, free from human fatigue or error, especially when expertise is scarce, such as in medical diagnoses. The system also allows non-experts to input queries via a user interface, offering real-time support based on predefined knowledge. Some systems include explanation features to clarify decision-making processes.
Enhancing School Counseling With Technology and Case Studies
Authors: Madeline Amelie
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the trends in using technology in school counseling, with emphasis on current utilization, new innovations and potential growth patterns. Careful scrutiny in this chapter enables us to delineate how digital innovation is defining the new paradigm and critically engages challenges in traditional counseling methodologies in student support services. The subject covers technological interventions at the highest level of policy and practice in the form of artificial intelligence, data analytics, virtual counselling platforms, and the integrated case management systems that present their deployment in learning contexts. More emphasis is placed on matters such as privacy and ethical concerns of technology integrated counselling paradigms as well as professional training needs. Finally, it presents the future line of the research, pointing out the danger of oversimplification and overvaluation of increased technology count in counseling practice while insisting on human relationships as the paramount value in the process.
Harnessing Information Technology to Address ACEs and PACEs
Authors: Yunus Ahmad , Rusmiyati Siti Nurleli , Shafie Amin Al Haadi , Baharudin Dini Farhana
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Protective and Compensatory Experiences (PACEs), and their management in school counseling. Research highlights ACEs' detrimental effects on development, emphasizing the need for PACEs to mitigate these impacts. School counselors play a vital role during the 0-18 developmental period, primarily shaped by home and school environments. Integrating technology into counseling addresses gaps like fragmented records across educational phases and enhances ACEs and PACEs identification and intervention. The chapter serves as a guide for counselors, educators, parents, and communities to collaboratively support schools in providing counseling services attuned to ACEs and PACEs.
Best Practices and Practical Applications
Authors: Suresh R. V. , Selvakumar P. , Naresh Babu K. , Nithya G. , Manjunath T. C. , Kartigeyan J.
Published: February 2025

Success is often viewed as a distant, elusive goal, reserved for a select few who possess extraordinary talent or luck. However, the reality is that success is built upon foundational principles, and investing time and understanding, and applying these principles can transform aspirations into tangible achievements and create a solid groundwork for personal and professional growth. At the heart of any successful endeavor lies the principle of self-awareness. This is because informs decision-making and helps in setting realistic and meaningful goals. By acknowledging one's capabilities and limitations, individuals can make more informed choices, focus on areas where they can excel, and address areas needing improvement. This introspective process also helps in aligning personal goals with one's values, ensuring that efforts are not only effective but also fulfilling. Complementing self-awareness is the principle of continuous learning. In an adapt grow indispensable. This principle involves active skills, experiences, professional development, and personal interests.
Strategies and Activities for Improving Medication Safety in the NHS Scotland: Narrative Review and Possible Adaptations for Sri Lankan System
Authors: Wickramanayake H. M. K. , Dharmagunawardene D. , Amarasinghe P. , Eddleston M. , Galappatthy P.
Published: February 2025

Background: Medication errors are the leading cause of preventable patient harm globally, and countries have adapted multiple strategies to prevent them.  Objective: To explore the systems, strategies, and activities of medication safety applied at the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland to compare them and consider what could be adapted to improve medication safety in Sri Lanka.Methods: The RAMESES (Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses) was followed and literature search was conducted in Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed with the terms “Medication Errors,” “Medication Safety” and “strategy,” “interventions.”, to identify studies and programs published from 2010 to 2022 that examined strate-gies and activities for improving medication safety in NHS Scotland.Results: After screening, 45 sources were selected and an initial content analysis, followed by thematic analy-sis, was performed. The data were presented in nine broad themes: systems-based approaches to ensure safer use of medicines, strategies to promote reporting of medication incidents and adverse drug reactions, strategies to improve electronic prescribing, strategies to prevent medication harm due to high-risk medicines, providing clinical pharmacy services, strategies to improve information transfer, strategies to prevent medication harm due to polypharmacy, strategies to improve safe medication administration, and strategies to improve staff education.Conclusions and Recommendations: NHS Scotland has implemented multiple, resource intensive strategies mainly utilizing information and communication technology (ICT) to improve medication safety. As a developing country, Sri Lanka can learn from these innovations but has implemented and planned to implement several strategies within resource constraints, which can be exemplary to any low- and middle-income country (LMIC).
Distribution and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Dengue Cases Reported to the District General Hospital Matale, Sri Lanka: Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yapa Y. M. S. S. , Tennant A. M. Marc , Kruger Estie
Published: February 2025

Background: Dengue is a vector-borne disease that occurs predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. Public and social measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the health-seeking behavior, the transmission of disease, and the spatial and temporal distribution of dengue patients in Sri Lanka and the district of Matale This study aimed to ascertain dengue patient pathways to the District General Hospital (DGH) Matale and identify the spatial and temporal distribution of patients reported to the hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Objective: Data were obtained from the Notification Register of the DGH Matale and National Dengue Control Unit from January 2017 to December 2021. The patient locations were converted into a UTM coordinate sys-tem, and a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based map was developed using QGIS.Methods: The number of dengue cases treated within Matale district increased from 29.6% to 72.0%, with a depletion (55.4%) reported in 2020. The majority were from the southwestern part of the district, where popu-lation density and urbanization were higher. The number of dengue patients from other districts admitted to the hospital increased from 8.7% in 2017 to 20.6% in 2019 and decreased to 14.7% in 2020 and 9.1% in 2021. The highest incidence rates were reported in the Southwest and Northeast monsoon seasons. Further, middle adulthood (29.5 %) male patients (57%) were predominantly affected Conclusion: The distribution and spatial pattern of dengue cases reported in this study provide strategic infor-mation for managing future dengue outbreaks.
Are Sri Lankan Allopathic Medical Practitioners Ethical Enough? A KAP Survey in Selected Allopathic Healthcare Institutions in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayalath M. P. , Nanayakkara R. , Jayasundara K. M. P. D. , Abeysekara C. M. , Abeynayake A. M. J.
Published: February 2025

Background: Healthcare practitioners should provide comprehensive care to patients, their families, and communities through proper ethical conduct. However, in the recent past, there has been growing public concern regarding the ethical conduct of healthcare professionals, which is often reflected in complaints about poor ethical conduct. Medical ethics are concerned with moral values and judgments, as they apply to medicine. The following four principles form the basis of ethical medical practice: autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence.Objective: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical ethics among medical officers in Sri Lankan healthcare institutions.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, and data collection was performed for three months in four conveniently selected healthcare institutions. The sample size was 210 and proportionate sampling was performed to calculate the sample size for each institution. A pre-tested, validated, and self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: Of the total number of participants (N=210), only 176 returned completed questionnaires (response rate=83.8%). Only 169 questionnaires were considered for the analysis because of the incompleteness of the seven returned questionnaires. Most of the doctors (n= 130,76.9%) have a “Good” knowledge level of medical ethics. Regarding the participants’ attitudes, the majority strongly agreed with the statement “Doctor should always do his best for the patient (n= 162 (95.9%). Regarding participants’ practices, all participants (N=169) claimed that they always “showed respect, dignity, responsiveness, and attention to patients’ health needs.Conclusions and Recommendations: This study shows that Sri Lankan doctors have a sound knowledge of basic medical ethical principles. They ensured the privacy and informed consent of patients and respected their dignity in their practice. We recommend that education and training in all aspects of medical ethics be initiated as continuous medical education for all doctors.
Effects of a nursing leadership program on self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, problem-solving abilities, and nursing professionalism among nursing students in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kim Sunmi , Jeong Young Ju , Kim Hee Sun , Jeong Seok Hee , Lee Eun Jee
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of a nursing leadership program on self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, problem-solving abilities, and nursing professionalism among nursing students in South Korea.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The Practice-Driven Nursing Leadership Program for Students (PDNLP-S) was developed based on the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). This quasi-experimental study design included 60 nursing students. The experimental group (n=30) participated in the PDNLP-S for 120-minute sessions over 5 weeks, while the control group (n=30) received usual lectures. The PDNLP-S included lectures, discussions, and individual and group activities to cultivate core nursing leadership competencies such as individual growth, collaboration, nursing excellence, creative problem-solving, and influence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the independent t-test with IBM SPSS Windows ver. 26.0.Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in self-leadership (t=3.28, p=.001), interpersonal relationships (t=3.07, p=.002), clinical performance (U=268.50, p=.004), and problem-solving abilities (t=2.20, p=.017) compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed in nursing professionalism (t=0.50, p=.311).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the PDNLP-S improved nursing students’ self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, and problem-solving abilities. The PDNLP-S can play a significant role in cultivating future nurse leaders by enhancing these nursing leadership competencies among nursing students.
Revisiting lakes within the Rideau Canal system (Ontario, Canada) to assess the impacts of multiple environmental stressors over the past ~25 years using diatom-based paleolimnology
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kapillesh , Rühland Kathleen M. , Paterson Andrew M. , Smol John P.
Published: February 2025

Diatom-based paleolimnological studies conducted ~25 years ago on five lakes (i.e., Big Rideau, Upper Rideau, Lower Rideau, Indian and Otter lakes) within the Rideau Canal system (Ontario, Canada) tracked extensive catchment disturbances related to canal construction (starting ca. 1828). Over the past three decades, these lakes have experienced additional environmental stressors including invasive zebra mussels and accelerated climate warming, warranting a paleolimnological re-assessment. We examine diatom compositional changes and visible range spectroscopy-inferred chlorophyll-a (VRS-Chla) trends over the past >200 years from sediment cores collected in 2019-2020 from these same lakes, with the aim of assessing environmental changes registered in these records since the original studies were undertaken ~25-30 years ago. Despite large-scale cultural disturbances, including extensive deforestation and flooding for canal construction, the most ecologically notable diatom changes in all sediment records occurred in the past ~25-30 years, and coincided with increases in VRS-Chla. During this recent period, small cyclotelloid and elongate planktonic diatoms increased in relative abundance, while large-celled Aulacoseira taxa declined. Exceptions to this trend include Upper Rideau Lake, where planktonic diatoms were scarce throughout the core and shifts occurred among benthic taxa, and Big Rideau Lake, which has a large littoral zone, where epiphytic diatoms became prominent in the past decade. These recent diatom changes could not be explained by nutrient enrichment, as measured total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have declined significantly since the 1970s. Increases in small planktonic taxa in some of the lakes also pre-date the ca. 1990 arrival of zebra mussels. We conclude that these recent changes were best explained by regional warming and declining wind speed resulting in new lake physical regimes. Such climate-driven changes are also consistent with the recent development of cyanobacterial blooms in these lakes, despite declining nutrient levels.
Clinical profile and etiological spectrum of myoclonus in a tertiary care movement disorders clinic from India: An observational study
Authors: Madhaw Govind , Kumar Mritunjai , Tiwari Ashutosh , Kumar Niraj
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Myoclonus is a rapid, brief, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. It can arise from various etiologies, and it may be a predominant feature in several movement disorders. Understanding the diverse causes of myoclonus is essential for managing it effectively.

OBJECTIVES:

Studies reporting the clinical and etiological profiles of myoclonus are sparse. We aimed to describe the clinical and etiological profiles of patients visiting our movement disorders clinic, with myoclonus as the predominant manifestation.

METHODS:

Demographic data (age of onset and presentation, gender), disease-related data (disease duration, myoclonus characteristics, associated neurological features and comorbidities), and results of relevant laboratory investigations, along with brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram, were collected.

RESULTS:

A total of 73 (6.4%) of 1140 movement disorder patients had predominant myoclonus. The median (IQR) age of onset, age at presentation, and disease duration were 43 (30–51.5) years, 46 (37–57.5) years, and 36 (12–84) months, respectively. Thirty-nine (53.4%) patients were male. Of the 73 cases, 52 (71.2%) patients had peripheral myoclonus, all having hemifacial spasm (HFS). The remainder had central myoclonus, with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and functional myoclonus being common, followed by drug-induced and sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.

CONCLUSION:

Nearly 7% of the patients visiting our movement disorders clinic had myoclonus as the predominant phenomenology. Peripheral myoclonus was diagnosed in more than two-thirds of these patients, with HFS being the sole disorder in this group. SSPE and functional myoclonus were the common central myoclonic disorders.
Torsion of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: A rare presentation of acute abdomen
Authors: Ahuja Anmol , Rengan Shyam Sundar , Dey Ashish , Tripathi Shikhar , Malik Vinod K. , Mittal Tarun
Published: February 2025

We report a case of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata in a 27-year-old female who presented with acute abdominal symptoms and shock following a history of laparoscopic myomectomy. Although the patient initially presented with severe lower abdominal pain and high-grade fever, ovarian torsion was suspected based on imaging results. Laparoscopic exploration revealed a twisted pedunculated leiomyoma. Pathological examination confirmed LPD, a benign disease usually occurring in reproductive-age females, but it is challenging to identify and treat due to its low occurrence and severe complications. The surgical intervention involved excision of the leiomyoma and associated nodules, focusing on fertility preservation, which demonstrates the necessity of LPD in the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen when patients have the same surgery history. It also highlights the need for enhanced surgical protocols to prevent the dissemination of myoma fragments, potentially contributing to the development of LPD. Further studies are essential to explore the pathogenesis and optimal management strategies of LPD.
Refractory scrotal oedema in a child with nephrotic syndrome subsided on magnesium sulphate with glycerine (SU-MAG) application: A rare case report
Authors: Gaur Bablu Kumar , Yadav Amiya , Jain Avanti , Mangla Yash
Published: February 2025

Scrotal oedema is a common finding in children with nephrotic syndrome. It usually subsides along with ascites and pedal oedema after diuretic and steroid therapies. An 8-year-old boy diagnosed with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome presented with a relapse. Examination revealed periorbital puffiness, ascites, pedal oedema (pitting type) and scrotal oedema. Laboratory parameters revealed massive proteinuria, severe hypoalbuminaemia and increased total cholesterol levels. Swelling on the face, limbs and abdomen subsided after prednisolone treatment for 10 days, but scrotal oedema persisted even after scrotal elevation and diuretic therapy. A decision was made to use magnesium sulphate with glycerine (SU-MAG) application. After 3 days, his scrotal oedema subsided. We present a case of refractory scrotal oedema in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome that was successfully managed with SU-MAG dressing.
Planning and Dosimetry Study of Dynamic Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy for Carcinomas of the Pharynx Using 6MV Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-free Beams
Authors: Rajadurai E , Saravana Kumar A. , Govindarajan KN , Pandu Bharath , Jacob Saro
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study aims to methodically explore and evaluate the effectiveness of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with both flattened and unflattened 6MV beams for treating pharyngeal carcinomas.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients who had previously undergone treatment for advanced pharyngeal cancer were randomly chosen. They were replanned using a fixed nine-field dynamic IMRT and VMAT with RapidArc using both 6MV flattened and unflattened beams. A total of 80 similar treatment plans were generated for the TrueBeam SVC setup. These plans were assessed for target coverage, maximum and mean doses to the organs at risk, monitor unit (MU), beam-on time, dose to healthy tissue, and other indicators of dose quality.

Results:

Target coverage was nearly identical across all the techniques. VMAT (6FF and 6FFF) achieved equivalent or superior target coverage while plans give better sparing of mean doses of parotid glands, esophagus, larynx, and maximum dose of the spinal cord while maintaining equivalent maximum dose of the brainstem. The MUs required for VMAT plans were about 4–5 times less than that of IMRT plans, additionally, the 6MV plan shows 20%–30% lesser MU than 6FFF plans in both techniques.

Conclusions:

VMAT-6FFF shows fewer hot spots in the planning target volume (PTV) high-risk volume and equivalent or higher hot spots in the PTV intermediate-risk and PTV low-risk volumes. In terms of treatment time, VMAT 6FF has fewer MUs than VMAT 6 FFF. Hence, it shows that VMAT 6FF has less treatment time.
Comparative Assessment for the Effect of Variable Chelating Agents on Dentin Microhardness: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Abdelhafeez Manal M. , AlWahbi Hajar T.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate the differential effects of various chelating agents on the microhardness of root canal dentin in an in vitro setting.

Materials and Methods:

This study utilized 36 single-rooted human premolars, divided into three groups (n
= 12 each), and treated with sodium hypochlorite followed by one of three chelating agents: chitosan, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with carbamide peroxide, and EDTA alone (Edita liquid). Vickers microhardness testing was conducted pre- and post-treatment to assess changes in dentin hardness.

Results:

All groups exhibited a decrease in microhardness, with the EDTA and carbamide peroxide combination showing the most substantial reduction. The mean microhardness decreased significantly from 44.59 HV to 39.00 HV in this group (P
< 0.001), while the chitosan group showed the least reduction, from 42.33 HV to 40.94 HV (P
= 0.001).

Conclusion:

Chelating agents significantly affect dentin microhardness; thus, their selection should consider both cleaning efficacy and potential impacts on tooth structure.
Genetic Markers as Predictors of Prognosis and Treatment Response in Patients with Oral Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mohammed P Rishal , Dash Mitali , Pati Seema , Yaqoob Ashfaq , Sanda Sailaja , Nelson Anish , Tiwari Heena D.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

“Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)” is a prevalent malignancy globally, with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic markers are emerging as vital tools in predicting prognosis and treatment responses. This research explores genetic markers’ role in OSCC prognosis and therapeutic outcomes.

Methods:

This prospective research analyzed 150 OSCC patients, investigating the prognostic value of three genetic markers: TP53 mutations, miR-31 expression, and “mismatch repair (MMR)” protein loss.

Results:

Patients with TP53 mutations exhibited lower survival rates (P < 0.05). Elevated miR-31 was associated with aggressive disease (P < 0.01), while MMR loss correlated with advanced tumor stages (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Genetic markers, like TP53 mutations, miR-31, and MMR loss, can effectively predict prognosis and treatment responses in OSCC. Integrating these markers into clinical practice can enhance personalized treatment strategies.
Blockchain in Health Care, Evolutionary or Revolutionary – An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Gupta Sameer , Mehra Pravesh , Nandy Bishan , Mohammed P Rishal , Pradhan Prasanti K. , Duseja Shilpa , Sharma Nirvi , Pujari Priyanka R.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force with the potential to transform various industries, including healthcare. This review paper assesses the current evidence regarding the application of blockchain in healthcare and evaluates whether its integration represents an evolutionary or revolutionary shift in the field. Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable ledger that ensures secure and transparent record-keeping, addressing critical issues such as data integrity and interoperability. Despite its potential benefits, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, scalability issues, and interoperability remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. This paper examines the implementation of blockchain in five key areas of healthcare: electronic health records, supply chain management, clinical trials, telemedicine, and medical research. Each section discusses findings from relevant studies, highlighting potential benefits and challenges. Overall, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of blockchain on healthcare and to guide future research and implementation efforts.
Pediatric retinal detachments in eyes with extreme high myopia: Presenting features and final outcomes
Authors: Sindal Manavi D. , Behera Sourabh Prasad , Chaitanya Vivek
Published: February 2025

Extreme high myopia is associated with structural changes to the eye. The elongation of the eye, with associated choroidal thinning and macular atrophy, makes these eyes more susceptible to complex retinal detachments (RD). In this case series, we present the course of four pediatric cases with RD. All children had extreme myopia (−8.0 D to − 16.0 D). They presented with symptoms of squinting or abnormal pupillary reflex. Two had a choroidal detachment at presentation, whereas the other two had macular holes causing RD. All four required multiple surgical procedures, with anatomical success in three cases. Final visual acuity was no perception of light in all four eyes. Pediatric RD in extreme high myopia is challenging. Anatomical success needs multiple surgical procedures, but functional outcome remains dismal.
The conundrum of post-traumatic corneal rupture in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Authors: Jain Parul , Gupta Isha , Hariani Avani , Reddy Gahan
Published: February 2025

To describe the management of post-traumatic Descemet’s membrane detachment and intraoperative corneal rupture in a known case of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). A 7-year-old child, a known case of EDS, presented with Descemet’s membrane tear in the right eye for which intracameral sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and descemetopexy were done. Intraoperative spontaneous rupture of the cornea was noted during descemetopexy which was managed using cyanoacrylate glue and bandage contact lens. We successfully used cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive glue for sealing of corneal rupture suggesting that it can be considered a treatment option for such cases where there is a lack of tissue strength for suturing.
An unusual case of corneal perforation secondary to Frontal Bone Mucormycosis
Authors: Anitha Venugopal , Velu Maneksha , Babu Senthil , Rajesh Arasi , Ravindran Meenakshi
Published: February 2025

We present the case of a 52-year-old male with a complex clinical presentation involving frontal sinus osteomyelitis (OM), mechanical ptosis, and extrusion of frontal bone sequestrum under the upper lid skin. He gave a history of chronic sinusitis, an uncontrolled diabetic for the past 2 years. The patient had a history of chronic sinusitis and poorly controlled diabetes for the past 2 years. Histopathological examination of excised sequestrum, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, confirmed a diagnosis of mucormycosis. Anterior segment examination revealed a corneal melt with a shallow anterior chamber. Initial management included the application of an amniotic membrane to promote epithelization. This is the first reported case of frontal bone OM leading to corneal melt, attributed to the mechanical erosion caused by the sequestered bone impinging on the corneal surface.
A Review of Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Methods for 2D Data in the Context of Deep Learning
Authors: Gao Meng , Sima Haifeng
Published: February 2025

Semantic segmentation is a key research topic in the field of computer vision, aiming to assign each pixel to the corresponding category based on the semantic information in the image. This technology has significant application value in fields such as virtual reality and autonomous driving.With the rapid development of deep learning, particularly with the advent of FCN, image semantic segmentation has made substantial progress. Fully supervised learning, which trains deep learning models using labeled data, has demonstrated excellent performance in semantic segmentation tasks. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion and analysis of fully supervised semantic segmentation algorithms for 2D data in deep learning. First, it introduces the concept of semantic segmentation, its development, and its application scenarios. Next, it systematically reviews and categorizes current real-time semantic segmentation algorithms, analyzing the characteristics and limitations of each. Additionally, this paper presents a complete evaluation framework for real-time semantic segmentation, including relevant datasets and evaluation metrics. Based on this foundation, it identifies several challenges currently facing the field and suggests potential directions for future research. Through this summary and analysis, the paper aims to provide valuable insights for researchers conducting studies on image semantic segmentation.
Effect of Active Follow-Up on Viral Load Suppression among People Living with HIV on Intensive Adherence Counseling in Uganda: An Instrumental Variable Analysis
Authors: Izudi Jonathan , Okot Solomon Paul , Komakech Allan , Bajunirwe Francis
Published: February 2025

We assessed the effect of active follow-ups on viral load (VL) suppression among people living with HIV (PLWH) who had missed their clinic visit(s) and were receiving intensive adherence counseling (IAC) at a large referral hospital in mid-western Uganda. We designed a quasi-experimental study, using a locator map (a local map showing residence) as an external factor (instrumental variable) that influenced active follow-up. We performed instrumental variable analysis. Of the 165 participants included, 24.8% had a client locator map, and possessing a map was associated with active follow-up (F-statistics 53.1; P <0.0001). Active follow-up did not significantly improve VL suppression at varying cutoffs, namely <1,000 copies/ml (P = 0.607), less than 200 copies/ml (P = 0.684), and less than 50 copies/ml (P = 0.435). Although active follow-up did not significantly improve VL suppression among PLWH on IAC, it showed a modest trend toward improvement. Large, randomized trials are needed.