bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dentistry: A Literature Review
Authors: Chakravorty Shibani , Aulakh Basant Kaur , Shil Malabika , Nepale Mayuri , Puthenkandathil Rahul , Syed Wali
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines to execute tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. Healthcare AI is evolving and has a highly promising future. The main uses in dentistry are patient management, diagnosis and treatment planning, and administrative tasks. Consequently, this AI system facilitates the acquisition of familiarity with this technology for every dentist, as it possesses the potential to synergistically complement forthcoming revolutionary advancements in the field of dentistry. This review aims to explore and analyze the several applications of AI within the field of dentistry.
Expression of Calretinin Expression in Odontogenic Cysts and Odontogenic Tumors – Original Research
Authors: Pabbaraju Srinivasulu , Boddeda Kondala R. , Sankurathree Sravani , Menon Ipseeta , Rai Narendra P. , Nagella Sai P.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The present study was conducted for assessing variability in calretinin expression among odontogenic cysts as well as tumor cases.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen cases were included in the present research consisting of cases like – dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, apical radicular cyst along with tumors like ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Calretinin antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining. The amount of expression of this calretinin was statistically analyzed with the help of Chi-square test where P < 0.05 was considered noteworthy statistically.

Results:

Most cases of ameloblastomas were highly positive for calretinin expression as compared to other cysts and tumors. Therefore, the correlation of this variation of expression of calretinin was statistically noteworthy (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

In this study, we concluded that for ameloblastomas, calretinin can be a specific marker immunohistochemically and can help in identifying the amount of aggressive spread of various odontogenic tumors.
Age and Gender Estimation Using the Osseous Microanatomy: Original Research
Authors: Chansoria Harsh , Chandrakar Rolly , Chetana HK , Kamadal Neelamma , Pamecha Sonal , Kaur Harveen , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study was performed with the idea of assessing age and gender utilizing differences in osseous microanatomy in human jawbones.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted retrospectively among human jawbone samples. Various morphometric assessments such as trabecular width, marrow space, and their corelation were studied. In the samples, variations among osteon numbers, differences in the shapes of the osteocytes of jawbones, and amount of inflammation in the bony areas were recorded.

Results:

It was noted in this study that mean values of the diameter of the Haversian canal and vessel density had a noteworthy increase in female jawbone samples. The amount of osteocytes in both female and male bone samples was also statistically significant in terms of the correlation coefficient.

Conclusion:

We concluded that more sensitive identification of human remains, that is, age and gender analysis, can be performed by histomorphometric evaluation of bone remains.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Plating Systems in ZMC Fractures: An Original Research
Authors: Abhishek MP , Sikha John R. , Pal Arvind K. , Gelada Kalyani , Sethi Sanjana , Sameer Kumar Naik Banavath S. S. R. , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study’s objective was to assess and contrast the performance of several plating techniques in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Group A (Microplate System), Group B (Titanium Mesh System), and Group C (Absorbable Plate System) plating systems were the ones that were studied.

Materials and Methods:

With 10 patients in each group, a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with ZMC fractures was done. The following information was gathered: fracture reduction, stable fixation, complications, and patient satisfaction. Analysis was done on patient-reported outcomes, surgical outcomes, and demographic factors.

Results:

Group B (Titanium Mesh System) came in second with rates of 70% and 80%, respectively, while Group A (Microplate System) showed the highest rates of fracture reduction (90%) and stable fixation (100%). For fracture reduction and stable fixation, Group C (Absorbable Plate System) demonstrated rates of 80% and 90%, respectively. For Groups A, B, and C, the complication rates were 20%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. For Groups A, B, and C, the patient satisfaction levels were 90%, 80%, and 70%, respectively.

Conclusion:

According to the results, the Microplate System (Group A) is better than the Titanium Mesh System (Group B) and the Absorbable Plate System (Group C) in terms of fracture reduction and stable fixation when treating ZMC fractures. All plating systems had acceptable complication rates, and overall patient satisfaction ratings were high. Fracture features and patient-specific considerations should be taken into account while making individualized treatment options.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Post and Core Systems in Maxillary Molar Endodontic Treatments: An Original Study
Authors: Motru Suneetha , Sachdeva Harmeet Singh , Dutta Queentaj , Dewan Harisha , Late Laxmikant , Kapur Ishita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Maxillary molar endodontic treatments require the right post and core system. This study tested cast metal, glass fiber with composite resin, carbon fiber with composite resin, and zirconia post and core materials.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty removed human maxillary teeth were randomly divided into four post and core material groups (n = 15 per group). The teeth acquired their post and core system after normal endodontic treatment. Fracture resistance, cyclic fatigue resistance, and microleakage analyses were statistically assessed.

Results:

The zirconia post and core material had the highest fracture resistance (mean: 900 N), followed by carbon fiber with composite resin, cast metal, and glass fiber with composite resin. Zirconia had the highest mean cycles to failure (120,000), followed by carbon fiber with composite resin (100,000), cast metal (110,000), and glass fiber with composite resin (90,000). Zirconia had the lowest mean microleakage score (1.8), and glass fiber with composite resin, the highest (3.0).

Conclusion:

The zirconia post and core material outperformed the others in fracture resistance, cyclic fatigue resistance, and sealing. The cast metal has better fracture and cycle fatigue resistance than glass fiber with composite resin. These findings help doctors choose maxillary molar endodontic post and core materials.
Efficacy of Various Herbal Preparations Against Oral Candida: A Lab-Based Study
Authors: Karni Prashant A. , Muraleedharan Aparna , Bhandary Srikala , Mujoo Sheetal , Maini Anuj Paul , Chaturvedi Mudita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This research was done to analyze the effectiveness related to herbal chemicals in tackling candidiasis.

Materials and Methods:

Grounded and ethanol-extracted residues of plants like Avicennia marina, Fagonia indica, Portulaca oleracea, Lawsania inermis, Ziziphus spina, Asphodelus tenuifolius, and Salvadora persica were used in the study. The extract was used against candida species, after which the antibacterial as well as cytotoxicity toward the former were evaluated.

Results:

L. inermis and P. oleracea with minimal inhibitory concentration of approx. 10 cenmL had an increased activity against candida species. The preparations of these plants acted against Candida albicans during its stages related to pathogenesis during biofilm production. Superadded infections like in case of bacterial infections along with candida can be difficult to cure. On human RBCs, these plant preparations had no toxicity at their minimum inhibitory concentration level.

Conclusion:

We concluded that, as far as being anti-candida and acting against MDR bacterial infections, preparations of plants were effective as an alternative to allopathic drugs.
Evaluation of Crestal Bone Levels using Simvastatin as an Adjuvant Around Immediate Implants – A Clinico Radiographic Study
Authors: Betha Hymasree , Rajmohan M. , Thakkar Radhika , Surya Bezgam R. , Shetty Manoj , Sankla Puja , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Simvastatin was used as an adjuvant medication in this clinico-radiographic investigation to assess the impact on crestal bone levels around immediate implantation.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial with 50 patients who needed an implant placed right away was done. Simvastatin was used as an adjuvant in groups ((Group A), whereas group (Group B)) served as the control group for the participants. At baseline and during follow-up visits, clinical measures such as probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. At baseline and 12 weeks, radiographic measurements of crestal bone levels were taken.

Results:

At 12 weeks, Group A demonstrated a significantly lower PD and BOP than did Group B. Furthermore, at 12 weeks, Group A showed greater crestal bone preservation than did Group B. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that simvastatin use as an adjuvant medication after immediate implant insertion contributes to better clinical outcomes and greater crestal bone preservation. Simvastatin may be helpful in increasing bone regeneration, decreasing inflammation, and soft tissue healing. These findings demonstrate how simvastatin may be used as an additional therapy to enhance the effectiveness of rapid implant implantation operations.
Assessment of the Peripheral Venous Cannulation in a Teaching Hospital: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lissy Ben Bella , Yeshwanth Peela Sai , Gopi Kodali , Nelson Anish , Thakkar Smit , Sri Sai Jeevana Mandadi
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In today’s healthcare environment, peripheral venous cannulations are frequently performed procedures. Bloodstream infections could occur as a result of the intrusive operation. Peripheral venous cannulas should be inserted and managed according to specific rules. This study compared these standards to the peripheral venous cannulation procedure and results at a teaching hospital institution.

Materials and Methods:

This study investigated the procedure and results of peripheral venous cannulation in a teaching center using a prospectively completed audit loop study. The “Royal College of Nursing’s criteria for infusion therapy” is one such set of recommendations. After the first phase of the observations, the audit was conducted. Later, after 4 months based on the recommendations, the personnel received training on a variety of cannulation-related topics and the second set of observations for the cannulations was performed. Both observations were made and compared for significance that was considered at. 05 using the ANOVA.

Results:

During the first phase of the research, 212 cannulations were made, and 314 were made for the second phase to be audited. In the reaudit compared with the initial audit, there was a statistically substantial surge in documentation, cannula cleansing, glove use, suitable site selection, and hand cleanliness, according to comparative exploration. Moreover, there was a statistically substantial decline in recannulations.

Conclusion:

Even though peripheral intravenous cannulation is a straightforward process, if done incorrectly, it might have serious side effects. Such techniques’ auditing reveals performance flaws. Reaudit results reveal a noticeable increase in performance and outcome following proper personnel retraining.
Vitamin D Levels Assessment among the Neonates with and without Seizures: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Prusty Nilamadhab , Peela Sai Y. , Manaf Haifa , Thakkar Smit , Yanamadala Yaswanthi , Shashank Chapala
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The impact that vitamin D (vit D) has on a variety of medical conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular, oncological, and central nervous system disorders has been a topic of interest for many years now. It is well-known that vit D deficiency is substantially more common in epileptics than in healthy subjects. The current research was piloted to analyse the vit D levels of the blood in newborns with seizures, as well as mothers’ vit D status included subjects.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional examination was piloted at a tertiary care center, which had a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The subjects were neonates and their mothers. The levels of vit D were measured in term and late preterm newborns who had been brought to the NICU with convulsions. Term or late preterm infants who were healthy and hospitalized in the same hospital’s postnatal unit as their mothers served as the controls for the study. Demographics, as well as the vit D levels of both the neonate and the mother, were estimated and compared and evaluated for any significance, keeping significance at less than 0.05.

Results:

Of the 72 neonates included, they were similarly distributed between the epileptic (37) and healthy subjects. (40) The mothersy subjects.cluded, they were sim D levels averaged 15.11 ded, they were similarly distributed b D levels of their newborns were 13.26 ± 5.12 ng/mL (P = 0.77). There was no significant variance between the healthy and epileptic neonates (P = 0.212).

Conclusion:

The current studyficant variance between the healthy and epileptic neonates (eptic with convulsions. Termserum vit D levels and epileptic activity in neonates. Nevertheless, the levels of the vitamin were < 20 ng/mL among all the neonates. Interventions to improve the vit D levels have to be implemented.
Auto-PAP Titration Efficacy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Gabhale Sanjay D. , Gupta Ekta , Bagrecha Mahavir Satishchand , Saifuddin Rehan , Nelson Anish , Sharma Mayank
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Obstructive sleep apnea, often known as OSA, is a sleep-related breathing disease that, if not treated, can lead to serious disabilities or even death. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the therapy technique that is suggested for treating severe and moderate OSA. An auto/manual CPAP titration study can be used to determine the appropriate pressure that must be maintained to treat this condition. The motive of this research is to appraise the effectiveness among OSA patients for the auto-PAP titrations.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional clinical prospective study was conducted at the tertiary care center. Subjects who underwent auto-PAP titration and had a diagnosis of moderate and sever OSA were included. They were evaluated for the efficacy of auto-PAP titration and other demographic features and their association with the titration efficacy. The values were compared for statistical significance.

Results:

The findings of the study showed that fifty percent of the cohort showed optimal titration, forty percent showed good titration, ten percent showed suitable titration, and none fell into the unacceptable group.

Conclusion:

According to the findings, using auto-PAP was associated with positive results in those with moderate and severe OSA. There is evidence to suggest that unattended auto-PAP titration is a very successful technique that might be regarded as a substitute for attended CPAP titrations. This would result in a reduction in the amount of labor required and the price.
Unveiling Mysteries of Quid-Induced Lichenoid Reactions: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aijaz Amreen , Nanwal Renu , Almalki Sultan Abdulrahman , Jalli Vishwanath V. , Butolia Hemant Kumar , Arya Sugandha
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Lichenoid reactions occur exclusively in people who chew tobacco, areca nut, or both, in raw or any manufactured or processed form. The lesion is described as a lichen-planus–like lesion and is termed as quid-induced lichenoid reaction (QILR). In this cross-sectional study, amongst 935 quid consumers, 82 patients were diagnosed with QILR and it was seen that 65 patients used processed forms of tobacco and areca nut. Thereby, it could be concluded that QILR might occur because of flavors used in processing of tobacco and areca nut.
Clinical Evaluation of Coronally Advanced Flap with or without a Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane for the Root Coverage
Authors: Jaiswal Rajeev K. , Chandra Deepti , Khan Md Arif , Gupta Sanjay , Gowrav Piyush , Yadav Surendra Kumar
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate “coronally advanced flap” with or without “a platelet-rich fibrin membrane for the root coverage.”

Materials and Methods:

All the clinical parameters were assessed at different time intervals (at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months) in both experimental and control group. Following “clinical parameters” were recorded using “UNC-15” “Probe-Plaque Index (PI)” (Silness and Loe, 1964), “Gingival Index” (GI) (Loe and Silness, 1963), “Recession depth (RD),” “Recession width (RW),” “Clinical attachment level (CAL),” and “Width of keratinized gingiva (WKG)”.

Results:

At final evaluation (i.e., mean change from baseline to 6 months), “the decrease in Plaque Index was 2.5% higher in Group B (66.0%) as compared to Group A (63.5%). The decrease in Gingival Index was 6.1% higher in Group B (91.4%) as compared to Group A (85.3%), and the decrease in recession width was 4.0% higher in Group B (75.2%) as compared to Group A (71.2%). The decrease in clinical attachment level was 4.4% higher in Group B (53.2%) as compared to Group A (48.4%). The increase in width of keratinized gingiva was 1.9% higher in Group A (28.8%) as compared to Group B (26.9%).”

Conclusion:

The controlled, randomized, split mouth design showed that CAF surgery, either by alone or in combination with PRF, is an efficient treatment method for covering denuded roots. “This design was used to treat bilateral isolated Miller’s class I and II recessions in gingival part. When compared to the CAF approach, the results from a combination of CAF and PRF after a 6-month period showed additional advantages in addition to mean root coverage in the treatment of Miller’s classes I and II recessions in gingival part.”
Comparative Assessment of Herbal Mouthwash with Chlorhexidine on Plaque Accumulation, Gingivitis, and Salivary Streptococcus mutans Growth
Authors: Bindal Ruchi , Gulati Prerna , Sharma Shaivi , Kaur Manpreet , Varshney Anchal , Jain Parul , Patidar Madhvika
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The goal of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of a commercially available herbal mouthwash with chlorhexidine on the number of Streptococcus mutans in the saliva, the condition of the gingival tissue, and plaque development.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-two adults in all, ranging in age from 20 to 30, were divided into two groups at random. Throughout the 14-day clinical trial, Group A (11) and Group B (11) received 10 mL of test herbal mouthwash and chlorhexidine, respectively.

Result:

Herbal mouthwash was discovered to be equally as effective as chlorhexidine in lowering the salivary mutans streptococci count and in affecting plaque and gingival scores.

Conclusion:

Alternatives from the herbal world may show to be a reliable and secure therapy option.
Comparative Study on Efficacy of Empagliflozin Versus Sitagliptin, as an Add-on Therapy to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Salankar Harsh , Rode Sonali , Arjun C. , Joseph Rajeeta , Deshmane Gourav B. , Vijayan Radhika P.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

More than 28.7 million individuals throughout the globe suffer from diabetes mellitus, with an estimated 11 percent of the population living with the condition in India. Changes in lifestyle and a variety of treatment plans are used in management. Metformin is a key drug for glycemic control, both when used alone and in combination. Our research compares the effectiveness of glycemic control achieved by empagliflozin plus sitagliptin.

Methods:

This study took place from November 2022 to April 2023 at the tertiary care hospital. The study did not begin until the ethical review was completed. There were two groups of patients, A and B. Everyone received a daily dose of Metformin 1,000 milligrams. Sitagliptin (50 mg twice daily) was administered to individuals in Group A, whereas Empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) was given to those in Group B. After three months of therapy, HbA1c was used to compare the two groups’ levels of glycemic control to those at the start of treatment. To do this, we employed a proforma. Version 25 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for the analysis.

Results:

The average age of the 300 patients that participated in the trial was 42.33. There were 57.67% men and 42.33% females. “The mean reduction in HbA1c from baseline in Group A was −0.65 ± 0.11% and in Group B was −1.34 ± 0.13% with statistically significant P-value (P-value = 0.000).”

Conclusion:

The combination of Empagliflozin and Metformin is superior to that of Sitagliptin and Metformin for the maintenance of glycemic control.
Correlation of AMH with Cardiometabolic Markers in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kamboj Saloni , Banerjee Spondita , Das Gita , Thakkar Smit , Atluri Rohith , Shivakumar Shruti , Tiwari Heena D.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether there is a connection between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-affected women’s levels of the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and certain cardiometabolic indicators.

Materials and Methods:

To find pertinent recent research published between 2017 and 2023, a thorough search was done in PubMed. Studies were included if they looked into the relationship between PCOS-related women’s AMH levels and cardiometabolic markers. To determine pooled effect estimates, data from the included studies were examined using random-effects models.

Results:

Five papers were included in the meta-analysis since they satisfied the inclusion requirements. The meta-analysis found substantial positive relationships between AMH levels and markers of insulin resistance, fasting blood sugar levels, and dyslipidemia measures such as total cholesterol (SMD: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.34–1.00, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis show that AMH levels in PCOS-affected women significantly positively correlate with markers of insulin resistance, fasting glucose levels, and dyslipidemia parameters. These findings imply that the pathogenesis of the cardiometabolic abnormalities seen in PCOS may include AMH. AMH may be used as a biomarker to estimate the cardiometabolic risk in PCOS-affected women, but more studies are required to determine its clinical applicability.
Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontic Treatment Performed Using Different Magnification Devices: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shaik Izaz , Veluru Keerthini , Sai Pranathi Gundimeda Naga , Jeevan Kakumanu Navya , Gowraram Sanjupriya , Pasupuleti Sowmya , Dikkala Naga Sri Samharsha
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

In this systematic review, we assessed whether the effects of the usage of various devices help with magnification in endodontics and whether they resulted in any significant changes in the clinical result of treatment.

Materials and Methods:

An exhaustive search was performed across MEDLINE and Cochrane Registers for various clinical studies, which were focused on comparing regenerative endodontic treatment based on the usage of magnification devices. Various terms were used to search these clinical trials such as microscope, regenerative endodontic surgery, apicoectomy, endoscope, and loupes.

Results:

After scrutinizing the studies, around three clinical trials based on magnification in endodontic surgeries were included in the present review. It was observed that no statistically noteworthy betterment of treatment outcome was seen in patients treated with either of the magnification devices such as loupes and microscope.

Conclusion:

It was evident that these magnification devices can alter the effectiveness of regenerative endodontic treatment in a very minimal way. However, we believe that more randomized clinical studies should be conducted in this area.
Salivary Interleukin-1 Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Vala Dushyantsinh , Shah Jill , Purba Arman K. , Mehta Tarang , Mansata Anuj V. , Almalki Sultan A. , Makkad Ramanpal S.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with a significant impact on global health. The identification of non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of OSCC remains crucial.

Methods:

A total of 100 subjects, comprising 50 patients with histopathologically confirmed OSCC and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Salivary samples were collected from all participants and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure IL-1 levels. Clinical data, including demographic information, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption, were obtained from patient records.

Results:

The mean salivary IL-1 level was significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis demonstrated that advanced stages of OSCC correlated with significantly elevated IL-1 levels when compared to early-stage OSCC (P < 0.05). Additionally, high salivary IL-1 levels were associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and poorer prognosis, as reflected by tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

This case-control study provides compelling evidence that salivary Interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels are significantly elevated in patients with OSCC.
Evaluation of Glenoid Fossa Position in Class II Malocclusion Associated with Mandibular Retrusion and Class III Malocclusion Associated with Mandibular Protrusion
Authors: Chandrika P. Sindhu , Alla Ramya , Duddu Yesuratnam , Adarsh Kumar , Varma Praveen K. , Mandava Prasad
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study examined the glenoid fossa in Class II and Class III malocclusions with mandibular retrusion and protrusion.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective investigation examined 60 Class II and 60 Class III cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric landmarks and glenoid fossa measurements were taken. Statistical analysis contrasted the two malocclusion groups’ glenoid fossas.

Results:

Class II malocclusion had a much lower mean Sella–Nasion–Condylion (SNCd) angle (glenoid fossa sagittal position) than Class III (14.6° ± 1.9). Class II malocclusion had a lower mean Sella–Nasion–Gonion (SNGo) angle (32.5° ± 4.3) than Class III (36.2° ± 3.9). The SNCd angle and SNGo angle in both groups demonstrated a negative correlation, demonstrating a relationship between the glenoid fossa and the mandibular sagittal axis.

Conclusion:

The glenoid fossa location differs significantly between Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion and Class III with protrusion. Class II malocclusion has a posterior glenoid fossa, while Class III has a less posterior one. Understanding these links may help patients receive more personalized treatment.
Teaching Systems and their Sub-Topics Under Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) to Undergraduate Medical Students in a Stepwise Approach
Authors: Salankar Harsh , Bhirange Swapnil , Rode Sonali , Gupta Madhur , Sharma Ashish , Chaubey Priyanka
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Medical education in India is confronting a charismatic transformation from traditional curriculum to competency-based medical education (CBME). It is more clinically oriented; skill-based and claims to produce competent Indian medical graduates. CBME has divided subjects into competencies and related topics are scattered over different competencies. The intention behind teaching should not be merely students’ learning, but contemplation should be towards concept building, imagination, creativity, self-motivated thinking, and the rightful application of knowledge in day-to-day life. Hence a well-formulated, organized, effective, and practically assessable design and an efficient approach are essential not only to link these spread-over pieces of the topic but to teach that topic in a certain flow and rhythm to a medical student also. Therefore, a stepwise approach has been proposed to teach a CBME-driven curriculum to medical students.
Comparison of Friction Produced at Backet-Wire Interface in Monocrystalline Ceramic Brackets of 8 Different Brands: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mahajan Sushil B. , Mapare Sagar A. , Mundada Ram , Karra Arjun , Yannawar Vijay , Wadekar Kanchan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The esthetic during the various orthodontic treatments has led to the invention of the brackets. When different ceramic brackets and archwires are used, the different frictional forces may result in the different outputs. Hence, in the present study, we evaluated and compared the frictional resistance between eight standard monocrystalline ceramic bracket models and each of the archwires of four different alloys.

Materials and Methods:

Frictional force was tested using Instron testing machine, in vitro, for eight types of monocrystalline ceramic bracket, and four types of archwires beta-titanium, NiTi, copper-nickel-titanium, and stainless steel statistical analysis were done using various tools, and significance value of <0.05 was considered.

Results:

Ormco and AO (Radiance) monocrystalline ceramic brackets created lesser frictional resistance than other monocrystalline ceramic brackets. Stainless steel archwire generates lesser static friction. Beta-titanium archwire created higher static friction. A 0.017 × 0.025 inch stainless steel archwire generates lesser static friction to 0.019 × 0.025 inch TMA.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that Ormco and AO (Radiance) monocrystalline ceramic brackets, with stainless steel archwires and of size 0.017 × 0.025 inch, can generate better forces when used for the orthodontic tooth movements.
A Long-Term Study on Recurrence, Chronic Pain, and Quality of Life in Obese Patients with Groin Hernia undergoing Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal Hernia Repair: Comparison between Mesh Fixation and Nonfixation Techniques
Authors: Das Siddharth Sankar , Das Gita , Naik Ajit Kumar , Das Susmita , Prabhakar Chinmayi , Kudagi Vishal
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

“Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP)” repair of hernia is a common surgical procedure for treating groin hernias. This study focused on the long-standing assessment of “quality of life (QoL),” chronic pain, and recurrence to compare the effectiveness of TEP hernia surgery with “mesh fixation (MF)” against “nonfixation (NF)” in patients who are obese with a BMI of 35 kgs/m2 or higher.

Methods:

In this study’s randomized controlled experiment, 73 obese individuals with groin hernias underwent total extraperitoneal hernia repair with either MF (n = 35) or NF (n = 38). A check-up was conducted 1, 3, and 5 years after the operation. Recurrence, chronic pain, and QoL were assessed using a physical examination and validated questionnaires.

Results:

There were no changes between the subjects of either group in baseline characteristics, hernia recurrence rate, chronic pain rate, or QoL. There were neither significant variations in surgical complications nor hospital stay duration.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that treating TEP hernias among people with a BMI of 35 kgs/m2 or above with mesh NF may be successful. The recurrence rates among the subject groups were not substantially different; however, NF was linked with reduced rates of chronic pain which would be beneficial for patient satisfaction and recovery. To decide the optimal technique for MF in TEP hernia repair, these findings need to be verified by additional studies.
Correlation of ABO Blood Group Susceptibility to Disease Severity of SARS-COV-2: An Original Research
Authors: Thakkar Radhika , Rangraze Imran R. , Gabhale Sanjay D. , Ram Jagjeewan , Devarapalli Nagaraju , Kudagi Vishal S. , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

COVID-19, the Ecumenical Pandemic that hit Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in 2019 has instigated an emergency situation all over the globe. Current scientific corroborations highlighted the role of zoonotic cross-over species transmission for the spread of the deadly virus SARSCoV2. The proposition of ABO blood grouping to susceptibility for various infectious diseases has been documented in the past since blood group antigens constitute polymorphic traits that are inherited among humans, therefore are frequent targets in epidemiological studies.

Aim:

To correlate the ABO blood group susceptibility to disease severity in COVID-19-positive cases among Indian populations.

Objectives:

Association of ABO blood group patterns to disease severity in COVID-19-positive cases.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, observational study design was conducted among 700 confirmed COVID-19-positive cases admitted to the tertiary health care center in Maharashtra, India. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

Blood group ‘A’ positive was frequent (40%) in severe COVID-19 (E group) disease, and ‘O’ positive blood group was frequent in moderate COVID-19 disease (34.62%).

Conclusion:

ABO Blood grouping can be used as one of the efficient biomarker for COVID-19, thereby providing a new platform for therapeutic applications in the field of research.
Knowledge of and Self-Expressed Stigma for COVID-19 Vaccination among Pre-University Students in a College in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Prajakta N. G. , Chougule Sanjeev B. , Kamat Ashok M. , Laxmi K. , Ananda Kumar L. , Verma Reena , Kamath Rajesh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious infection characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Safe and effective vaccines are game-changers in the global vision of marking an end to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy due to perceived stigma and misinformation is a grave cause of concern.

Objectives:

To assess pre-university students’ self-expressed stigma regarding COVID-19 vaccination and its association with their knowledge.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was adopted for this research. A structured questionnaire approach was used to gather data from 384 students purposively at the selected pre-university college. The structured questionnaire consisted of three sections that explored the socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants, knowledge of vaccination, and self-expressed stigma, respectively. A total of 384 respondents took part in the study.

Results:

The study observes a low positive relationship (r = 0.25, P < 0.01) between knowledge and self-expressed stigma toward vaccination. Further, it was observed that participants from rural backgrounds had lower knowledge and self-expressed stigma scores than participants from urban settings. It is pertinent to note that participants with other sources of information had higher knowledge than those who used the internet, friends/peers, or newspapers. Both of the aforementioned findings are statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The interventions should revive trust in national health authorities, structured awareness campaigns by government agencies, and media coverage about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. In addition, it is also important to support citizens in ensuring that they have access to the right information from authentic sources in times of crisis.
Compare the Centering Ability, Canal Transportation and Root Canal Area Increase of XP Endoshaper, Hyflex CM and K3 XF File System by using Cone Beam: An Original Research
Authors: Vinodhini V. , Baig Mirza M. , Attur Kailash , Singh Shalini , Sharma Sehaj , Padda Puneet
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study compared three rotary file systems—XP Endoshaper, Hyflex CM, and K3 XF—for centering, canal transportation, and root canal area growth.

Materials and Methods:

The rotating file system randomly separated 60 removed human mandibular molars into three groups (n = 20). Manufacturer-recommended root canal instrumentation was done. Specialized software examined pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT scans. Centering ability was measured by canal transportation and root canal area expansion at different levels from the apex.

Results:

The Hyflex CM file system had the best centering and the least canal transit at all levels (P < 0.05). XP Endoshaper increased the root canal area the most (P < 0.05). The K3 XF file system had average centering and canal transfer results.

Conclusion:

The Hyflex CM system centered well, whereas the XP Endoshaper system increased the root canal area the most. The clinical context and therapeutic goals should determine the rotating file system.
Moving to Improve Mental Health - The Role of Exercise in Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pujari Venkateswar
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This review study investigates how exercise can enhance cognitive ability and mental wellness. Physical activity has been linked to a number of beneficial effects on cognitive function, including increased memory and executive function in adults, improved academic performance in children and adolescents, and potential advantages for people with cognitive impairments or neurodegenerative diseases. Increased cerebral blood flow, the synthesis of neurotrophic factors, and a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation are the processes driving these effects. Studies have shown that exercise has mood-regulating benefits, with symptoms of anxiety and sadness lessening as a result. These mood-enhancing effects are a result of the endocannabinoid system being activated, endorphins being released, and changes in self-esteem and body image. Exercise therapies have also demonstrated the potential to encourage cognitive health as people age and lower the likelihood of cognitive decline. Exercise has been investigated as an adjuvant treatment for mental health illnesses, such as depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders, in addition to its preventive effects. Exercise can improve the effectiveness of treatment and general wellbeing when it is incorporated into comprehensive treatment strategies. To identify the ideal exercise parameters for certain outcomes and overcome barriers to exercise participation, more study is necessary. We can get closer to enhancing general wellbeing and quality of life by including exercise in measures for promoting mental health and cognitive health.
Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Propofol in Patients Undergoing Elective Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticography – A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Babu T. Raghavendra , Kumar M. R. Anil , Anup N. R. , Shetty Sarika M.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Propofol is the drug of choice for procedural sedation. The addition of α2 agonist dexmedetomidine may improve the safety profile of the procedure by providing stable hemodynamics, better sedation quality, and decreasing the side effects of each drug during elective endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP).

Materials and Methods:

Eighty patients aged between 18 and 60 years were distributed randomly into two groups. The dexmedetomidine + propofol group (group DP) received an injection of dexmedetomidine at the dose of 1 mcg/kg in 100 mLsaline, and the propofol group (group P) received plain 100 mL normal saline over 10 min. Subsequently, both groups received a bolus dose of injection propofol 1 mg/kg as sedation, and a modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation score (MOASS) score was assessed, followed by infusion at the rate of 50 mcg/kg/min during the procedure. A rescue bolus dose (20 mg) of propofol was administered when the patient showed signs of inadequate sedation or analgesia in both groups. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were recorded every 10 min throughout the procedure. Post-procedure modified Aldrete score was evaluated for 30 min, and the endoscopist’s score was noted at the end of the procedure.

Results:

There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the additional number of rescue doses of propofol administered in group DP (3.47 ± 0.77) as compared to group P (8.78 ± 1.11). The total dose of propofol was lower in group DP (316.59 ± 43.29 mg) than in group P (443 ± 41.1 mg) with P value = 0.001. Statistically significant differences in the hemodynamic values were observed in group DP during infusion (P value < 0.05) of dexmedetomidine and throughout the procedure (P < 0.05) when compared with group P. Endoscopists graded the satisfaction score as very high (3.477 ± 0.77) in group DP.

Conclusion:

The addition of dexmedetomidine to propofol during ERCP provided better and safer sedation.
Clinicopathological Study of Lesions of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Patil Virendra V. , Patil Prakash S. , Shah P. R. , Koley Avishek , Verma Shivani
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Conditions affecting the upper digestive system are often seen in clinical practice and are associated with a high rate of death and disability. Histopathological confirmation is one of the foundations for good treatment planning and the definite diagnosis of illnesses of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The numerous methods employed in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions have come a long way in the previous 25 years. The identification and diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions have been substantially aided by the development of endoscopy, endoscopic biopsy, and other surgical techniques. This research aimed to examine the variety of gastrointestinal tract (GI) lesions and to draw connections between the clinical and pathological manifestations of these conditions.

Materials and Methods:

A two-year cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, from June 2018 to May 2020, which included surgical specimens of 140 cases from the upper gastrointestinal tract, of which 111 cases were biopsy, and 29 cases were resected surgical specimens. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Furthermore, P values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated.

Results:

This study was a two-year cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology during the period of June 2018–May 2020.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of LASER, Desensitizing Agents, and their Combined Effect on Dentinal Hypersensitivity in Bicuspids: In Vitro Study
Authors: Siddiqui Shazia , Manglam Keshav K. , Srivastav Anubha , Khan Rehan A. , Rastogi Preeti , Shafique Samra
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aimed to know the potential of diode light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) and desensitizing agents on blocking the dentinal tubules, which may further help in reducing the most common dental problem named dentinal hypersensitivity (DH).

Materials and Methods:

Sixty human permanent bicuspids were selected, and preparation was performed in the cervical region measuring 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm, followed by acid etching for 15 seconds. These are then divided according to the groups mentioned: group 1—nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) was applied for 15 minutes; group 2—biosilicate was applied for 15 minutes; group 3—diode LASER application was performed twice for 60 seconds in noncontact mode; group 4—nano-HA plus diode LASER application; and group 5—biosilicate plus diode LASER application. The same procedure was followed on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days and then rinsed and stored in artificial saliva, and the saliva was changed every 24 hours. The dentinal tubular occlusion was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after the 14th day.

Result:

The maximum dentinal tubular occlusion was observed in group 4, where nano-HA and diode LASER application was performed.

Conclusion:

All the investigated treatment groups have promising occluding potential, but the maximum was found in group 4 >group 5 >group 3 >group 1 >group 2. LASER plus desensitizing together prove to be potent and effective in reducing dentinal tubular diameter.
A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Root Surface Biomodification using MTAD, MTAD+I-PRF on Adhesion of Fibrin Clot to Dentin Sem Study
Authors: Tapashetti Roopali , Bhutani Neha , Deodurg Shweta , Kulkarni Amruta
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Root biomodifiers help in removing the smear layer following mechanical debridement. In this context, we evaluated and compared the in vitro efficacy of MTAD, MTAD+I-PRF, and phosphate-buffered saline-conditioned dentin surfaces by examining the distribution of the fibrin network using scanning electron microscopy. It was concluded that MTAD can serve as a potentially useful root conditioner/biomodifier. Further, the adjunct of MTAD+I-P resulted in more fibrin network linkage on the dentinal surface when compared to MTAD alone which can be of great utility in Advanced Regenerative Therapy.
Case report on Irritational Fibroma
Authors: Dhanai Anishka , Bagde Hiroj S , Gera Radhika , Mukherjee Koushik , Ghildiyal Chandni , Yadav Hemlata
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Traumatic or irritation fibroma is the healed end product of the inflammatory hyperplastic lesion, which can occur at any age from almost any softtissue site, tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa being the most common. It is usually characterized by a slow, painless growth accumulated over a period of months or years.
Comparing Functional Efficacy of Transforaminal vs Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbar Disc Disease!! Do We Really Need Transforaminal Epidural Route Injections?
Authors: Gharu Eman M. P. , Singh Noel S. , Paul Rajesh , Osahan Narjeet K.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This study compared the functional efficacy of therapeutic transforaminal versus interlaminar epidural steroid injection. Adult patients were selected and randomized using an online research randomizer website and assigned into two groups and were given epidural injection either via transforaminal route or interlaminar route. The outcome was measured based on the Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association back index score (mJOA), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and visual analog scale (VAS) over a follow-up on 1st, 3rd, and 6th month postinjection period. It was found that there was no significant difference seen in m JOA, ODI, and VAS score at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months between transforaminal and interlaminar epidural steroid injection. Pain management in the epidural route was comparable to the interlaminar route. Even though the transforaminal epidural route has the advantage of being a selective nerve route block, it has similar results as the interlaminar route at 6 months follow-up.