bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Response and Pounding of Andalas University Hospital Building Using New Indonesian Seismic Code SNI 1726-2012
Authors: Fauzan Fauzan , Anas Ismail Febrin , Al Jauhari Zev
Published: July 2016

Keywords: Earthquake, Internal Forces, Displacement, Response Spectrum Analysis, Time History Analysis, PoundingAbstract. Teaching Hospital is an educational facilitiy for students in the Faculty of Medicine and also as a health services for the general public. The hospital building must be built in accordance with earthquake-safe building standards, so that buildings are not damaged in an earthquake. Andalas University Hospital was built at Padang in 2014 which was designed using Indonesian Seismic Code SNI 03-1726-2002 with quakes zone 6. Since 2012, a new Seismic Code, SNI 1726-2012, was issued and all the buildings should be designed by using the new code. Therefore, the authors are interested in analyzing the structural response of the hospital building by using new seismic code SNI 1726-2012. The results, then, were compared with the responses of the structure which calculated by using SNI 03-1726-2002.The results of analysis show that the structural responses in the internal forces and displacement by using SNI 1726-2012 was higher than those using SNI 03-1726-2002. In this study, an analysis of potential Pounding was also conducted by using dynamic analysis Time History method. The analytical result shows that there is no pounding between adjacent buildings at Andalas University Hospital Buildings.
Retrofitting of STKIP ADZKIA Padang Building Using V-Inverted Steel Bracing
Authors: Fauzan Fauzan , Anas Ismail Febrin , Hakam Abdul , Zaidir Zaidir , Yanto Nugrafindo , Apriwelni Siska
Published: July 2016

Construction failure is always associated with non-fulfillment of the quality and technical specifications of the material that should be considered when the construction process has been done. STKIP ADZKIA Padang building is one of 4-story reinforced concrete (RC) building that has structural damage during construction phase. The beams of the building undergo large deflection and the cracks appear in the wall when the building was constructed up to 2nd floor. In this paper, building assessment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the existing building. The structure was analysed based on New Indonesian Seismic Code, SNI 03-1726-2012. The result shows that the building is not capable to resist the working loads. Furthermore, retrofitting of the building structure using V-inverted steel bracing was proposed. The analysis result shows that retrofitting of ​​the structure by installing the steel bracing on the RC frames in both X and Y directions increase the capacity of the building structure.
Design of Structural Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Network Case Study Pasupati Bridge
Authors: Kumalasari Annisa Dian , Tjondronegoro Suhartono
Published: July 2016

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has received significant public attention in recent years. The benefits of WSNs are that they are low-cost, easy to install, and provide effective data management via on-board computation. This paper reports on the designing SHM using WSN on the Pasupati Bridge a cable-stayed bridge in Bandung with a construction 303-m long bridge across the valley , including a cable stayed bridge along 161-m. The design central components of the WSN that will be proposed are the Imote2 smart sensor platforms, a custom-designed sensor boards, and gateway. In total, 42 sensor nodes and one gateway will be proposed to monitor the bridge using autonomous SHM application with vibration triggering the system to initiate monitoring.
Identification of Suspended Sediment Concentration in Stream Network
Authors: Saadi Yusron , Suroso Agus , Putra I.B. Giri
Published: July 2016

Two series of suspended sediment concentration measurement within a stream network carried out during the dry and rainy season are presented in this paper. Information on suspended sediment concentration obtained from measurement are plotted on the map of stream network to allow a comparison between designated rivers.. The finding suggests that concentration of suspended sediment do not coincide with stream order. First stream order of both series of measurement have a lower concentration level of suspended sediment than that of the second and the third order respectively. A noticeable difference experienced by the fourth order river. Quite unexpectedly it has a lower suspended sediment concentration than the second and the third order rivers within the stream network. These features are found both in dry and rainy season measurement. Although there is a complexity in suspended sediment concentration transported by rivers of different order, the resulting map is very useful to be adopted as a main consideration in determining suitable approach and priority works in dealing with potential erosion and sedimentation of high degrading basin both using engineering and non engineering approaches.
Relationship between Predetermined Maintenance Interval and Maintenance Performance
Authors: Au-Yong Cheong Peng , Shah Ali Azlan , Ahmad Faizah
Published: July 2016

Lack of preventive measure is currently the problem that implicates poor maintenance outcome. Scheduled maintenance is claimed as a maintenance strategy to tackle the problem. However, the effectiveness of scheduled maintenance can be greatly influenced by the length of predetermined maintenance interval. Thus, this paper aims to study the relationship between length of predetermined maintenance interval and maintenance performance. The literature review identifies the length of predetermined maintenance interval as an importance characteristic of scheduled maintenance strategy. A quantitative approach is adopted and carried out through questionnaire survey. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and correlation analysis are used to analyse the collected data. Then, research result demonstrates that the length of predetermined maintenance interval is significantly correlated to the maintenance performance. The length of predetermined maintenance interval must be considered in maintenance planning and execution. The research recommends continuous monitoring or regular inspection of building systems and components to identify their condition and update the length of predetermined maintenance interval regularly. Consequently, the effective maintenance execution helps to avoid systems failure occurs and optimises maintenance performance.
A Study on the Characteristics of Building Maintenance on Public Universities in Malang City
Authors: Hajji Apif Miptahul , Suharsono Angga
Published: July 2016

Maintenance of buildings is an activity that is carried out to keep away the building from damages in order to continue its function in accordance with the initial planning and design.This study analyzed the characteristics of building maintenance on three public universities in Malang City region; State University of Malang (UM), Islamic University of Malang (UIN Malang), and Polytechnic of Malang (Polinema). The building maintenance includes maintenance of building structures, architecture, and services (mechanical and electrical). This study was aimed to investigate: 1) the maintenance period; 2) the maintenance cost; 3) the maintenance priority; and 4) the correlation among the maintenance period, cost, and priority for each public universities in Malang. The method used is descriptive analysis. The data were obtained from questionnaires given to each university’s maintenance authority.
Application of AHP Method for Determining the Priority of Puskesmas Pembantu Building Maintenance Based on GIS in Sukoharjo District Central of Java
Authors: Hartono Widi , Mufti Abadi Muchacha , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Marwoto Sofa , Laksito Budi
Published: July 2016

Puskesmas Pembantu (Pustu) building is one of infrastructures which should be maintained because it is the closest in serving people to get health care. So that the Pustu building is always in the maintained and provided optimum performance it is necessary to the maintenance and care. This study was aimed to get the criteria in determining the building maintenance priorities based on the extent of damage and building components of Pustu. This program application was used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) script to analysis each criterion ini building component. The primary data was used directly surveys to give a damage percentage for each building components and for weighting in each building component. The secondary data was obtained from already exist sources (and data from previous studies) as well as the data source was obtained from the regulations of Republic of Indonesia government. The research object totaling 45 Pustu in Sukoharjo. Research results were obtained the Building Condition Index which was used for building maintenance priority of Pustu.Based on the damage level from highest to the lowest was obtained 3 Pustu which has the highest damage level, namely Pustu Cemani (IKB: 67.9042), Pustu Puhgogor (IKB: 68.3214), and Pustu Cabeyan (IKB: 68.3214)
Implementation of Life Cycle Costing: A Case of Hostel Building in Kediri, Eastern Jawa, Indonesia
Authors: Kaming Peter F. , Marliansyah Juli
Published: July 2016

Analysis of the life cycle cost of a design process that is important in controlling the initial costs and future costs in possession of an investment project. Therefore, there should be a life cycle cost analysis study to determine the cost of any category contained in the hostel building project in the area of Islamic Hospital jimbunmedika Kediri and also see how much the total cost incurred by a development project in the area of hospital hostel Islam jimbunmedika Kediri ranging from the design stage to the technical life of hostels set .The purpose of this study is, identify the service life of the building material components hostels on Hospital Grounds JimbunMedika Kediri, and make long-term plans of the building life cycle cost hostels in the area Jimbun Medika Kediri Hospital. From the results of the research, there are three groups that make up the life cycle cost is the cost of building, operating costs, and the cost of maintenance and replacement. For a long-term plan the life cycle cost of the costs and the percentage obtained as follows, development cost Rp.4.290.000.000 (46%), operational costs Rp. 3.799.333.250 (28%), maintenance and replacement costs Rp. 2.590.900.000 (26%).
Computer Program for Reinforced Concrete Bar Bending Schedulling to Increase Efficiency of Reinforcement
Authors: Hartono Widi , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Marwoto Sofa , Laksito Budi
Published: July 2016

The construction project consists of several components, one of them is a reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete construction contributes to 30% of the total budget or 80% of the total civil work. Meanwhile, judging from the proportion provided by the use of steel reinforcement reaches 45% of the contribution of the use of reinforced concrete. The use of steel reinforcement that is not planned well lead to cost overruns and the resulting increase in waste production. The waste is unlikely to be used again because the length does not qualify the existing needs. In terms of environmentally wasteful use of steel reinforcement is not aligned with the slogan green construction. According to the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) in 2012 the production of steel reinforcement produces CO2 gas 430 kg CO2 eq /ton. On the other hand, local contractors in Surakarta never planning the use of steel reinforcement. Contractors plans and cuts of reinforcement. It increase potential construction waste due to inaccurate planning. Therefore in this study are create a computer program to design a model of bending reinforcing steel. Finally, steel reinforcement planning are better obtained. This program is applied to create a Visual Programming software, ACAD, Crystal Report, and Microsoft Database. Visual Programming is used as a place store of scripts and programs to connect database and Crystal Report. Microsoft database used to store data and Crystal Report are employed to display the results of the program. Furthermore, scheduling program of bar bender can be created. the time of production of reinforcement detailed is faster. By inputing a cross-section measurements and information reinforcement used various bending of reinforcement pieces are produced automatically. Crystal Report output can be made a flexible and attractive form to look at as well as the ability to transfer to other programs such as MS Word, Excel and PDF. Output can display different forms of reinforcement pieces with illustrated picture and the required amount of steel reinforcement in accordance with the dimensions and types.
Structural Condition Assessment of Steel-Framed Maintenance Plant in Muara Badak, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan
Authors: Chaerany Adinda , Awaludin Ali , Priyosulistyo Henricus , Triwiyono Andreas
Published: July 2016

Structural condition assessment was conducted to a single-story, steel-framed maintenance plant. The assessment procedure aimed to ensure safe and sound operation of the existing structure, to determine its remaining service life as well as to propose the appropriate remedial actions for the existing structure. The assessment was performed through visual observation, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), field load testing, also by carrying out structural analysis upon verified structural model. Corrosion and buckling are the main types of deterioration found within the structure owing to high salinity and slender steel sections. Structural analysis gave maximum stress ratio of 0.374. Static load testing resulted in deflection value of 17 mm, while dynamic load testing resulted in dynamic amplification factor of 1.06. In conclusion, the existing structure is considered to be structurally safe and sound with remaining service life of approximately 36 years and subjected to structural maintenance and strengthening.
Seismic Upgrade of Earth Dams - Australian Practice
Authors: Jitno Hendra
Published: July 2016

After the introduction of the ANCOLD Guidelines on the dam design to withstand earthquakes in 1998, many dams in Australia have been reviewed on their capacity to withstand earthquakes. As results, many of them have been upgraded in the last two decades to increase their resistance against seismic loading. This paper presents the current methods used in Australia to undertake seismic upgrade for earth dams. The paper firstly presents brief discussion on the current methods of seismic stability assessment of earth dams. It then discusses the advantages and limitations of the available methods for seismic rehabilitation. Finally, it presents one of the case histories of seismic upgrade in Victoria, Australia.
The Application of Traffic Conflict Technique as a Road Safety Evaluation Method: A Case Study of Hasselt Intersection
Authors: Suwarto Fardzanela , Basuki Kami Hari
Published: July 2016

The majority of traffic safety evaluations in the world generally have been conducted by colecting historical accident data. The data will then being analyzed using risk prediction models or before-after study that required an exact and reliable data. Meanwhile, the availability of accident data is rare where the rest actually consist of near-crashes and abnormal behaviour, which is mostly underreporting and lack of detail concerning the behavioural and situational of the event. Therefore, traffic conflict technique, is needed to assess traffic safety as another approach rather than waiting for several years until a number of accidents happen in a certain area. Hence the aim of this study is to make a safety evaluation towards a specific intersection in Hasselt Belgium using traffic conflict technique. The observation of conflict (near crashes) was carried out in intersection of Manteliusstraat – Dorpsstraat – Thonissenlaan in the Hasselt, Belgium. In order to differentiate slight conflict and serious conflict, the TA-value (Time of accident) was defined based on the estimated speed of the road user and estimated distance from the road user when conflict occurred. From the observation, it was found that the conflicts between car and pedestrian were the most frequent conflict, with 50% of the total conflict, and that the conflict between car with car and the conflict between car with cyclist were high in terms of severity level based on the TA-value. By taking these into consideration, it can be concluded that unsafe crossing for pedestrian and cyclist, different speed, and peak hour traffic were the causes of conflict. Therefore, it was concluded that traffic conflict technique can be used to assess and measure traffic safety in a certain road segment. Furthermore, in term of safety, the Manteliusstraat – Dorpsstraat – Thonissenlaan intersection should be modified with some alternatives; signalized intersection with toucan crossing and traffic control devices improvement
Characteristics of Freight Transport Parking and Infrastructures Facilities of Sustainable Primary Arterial Road (A Case Study of Surakarta Ring Road - Central Java - Indonesia)
Authors: Handayani Dewi , Mahmudah Amirotul M.H. , Legowo S.J. , Arstity Putri Anindya , Dwi Prasetyo Nanang
Published: July 2016

Freight transport parking on the sides of primary arterial roads directly declines road service function and indirectly increases cost which must be borne by road users due to reduced speed. Changes of land use, aesthetic value due to increased local activities are the continued impacts which must be faced. Provision of road infrastructure facilities such as rest area or freight transport terminals is a solution to solve parking on primary arterial roads. So that the implementation of the solution is optimum, the concept planning must consider the principle of sustainable transportation. The principle of sustainable transportation is finding short-term and long term solutions in various aspectsto improve efficient transportation system.Therefore, it’s important to determine the characteristics of truck parking to recommend appropriate infrastructure facilities.
A Numerical Method of the Flexible Pavement Supported by SSC on Expansive Soil
Authors: Muntohar Agus Setyo
Published: July 2016

Many road and highway have been constructed over the expansive soil in Java island without proper soil improvement for the subgrade. The behavior of the column on the expansive soil needs for study numerically and large scale. In this study, a numerical analysis is performed to study the effect of swelling on the deformation of the soil stabilized column supported flexible pavement. The main focus of the research is to obtain the deformation due to swelling and vehicle loading. The methodology including comparison the differential settlement of the soil stabilized column supported flexible pavement and unsupported flexible pavement as control model. The numerical analysis was modeled using finite element method. The simulations result that the column installation to support flexible pavement reduced the heaving and differential settlement of the pavement effectively. In case the overlay was performed for rehabilitation and maintenance of the pavement, the mini-columns can be installed before the overlay works. However, the conclusions of the study were limited to the result of numerical modeling that depended on the applied material model and volumetric swelling.
Finite Element Method (FEM) of Rigid Pavement Laid on Soft Soil Stabilized with Soil Cement Column
Authors: Hary Yanto Fendi , Muslih Purwana Yusep , Silmi Surjandari Niken
Published: July 2016

Several investigators have extended the numerical analysis to model ground improvement using soil-column to support structures. Cement columns are widely used to improve the load deformity characteristics of soft soils. This technique would increase soil bearing capacity and reduces soil deformation owing to improving of soil strength and stiffness. The aim of this paper is to determine the rigid pavement structure deformity on soft soil for the cases of with and without column soil cement. Two geometrical models were used in this analysis: (a) without column soil cement and (b) with column soil. The result indicated that the presence of soil cement column considerably contributes to the decrease in deformation due to the increase in stiffness.
Stress Analysis in the Combination of Footplate and Caisson Foundation
Authors: Silmi Surjandari Niken , Muslih Purwana Yusep , Erlyana Majid Rensia
Published: July 2016

Currently, the combined footplate-caisson foundation has been used for some projects. This type of foundation is one of the chosen low cost foundations for the structure supporting medium load when the bearing capacity of conventional foundation is not sufficient. The inserted caisson underneath the footing enables to increase its performance; has a better bearing capacity and lower settlement. Unfortunately, the theoretical basic regarding this foundation is not available so that the design tends to use a conservative approach. For this reason, the study on footplate-caisson foundation is essential to obtain the information of its performances. In this study, the combined footplate-caisson was numerically modelled in plane-strain condition as a foundation resting on clay. The footplate was modelled in the depth variation of 0.75 m up to 1.5 m in fixed width of 1.5 m x 1.5 m; whereas the caisson was modelled in depth variation of 0.75 up to 4.5 m in fixed diameter of 1.0 m. The properties of soil and foundation are presented in the paper. The applied load on the model was varied from 60 kPa up to 1000 kPa. The result of the study indicates that the presence of caisson contributes to the decrease in contact pressure in footplate. The percentage of the contribution depends on the dimension of each element and the depth of caisson.
Development of Graphical Method of Pile Group Foundation Design
Authors: Djarwanti Noegroho , Harya Dananjaya Raden , Prasetyaningrum Fauziah
Published: July 2016

In the construction projects, a pile group foundation is often utilized. The group of bored piles is usually installed relatively close to each other and joined at the top by a pile cap to hold up the loads. In other hand, a fast estimation of the groups of piles capacities are needed in the preliminary design and in other conditions of projects, such as a supervisor of projects want to estimate the capacities of the group of piles. The purpose of this research is to study the correlations of groups of piles efficiencies with the number of piles and to compare the groups of piles capacities with the single piles capacities. Furthermore, this study is aimed to make a fast estimation of groups of piles capacities using proposed graphical method.The piles efficiencies are calculated using several methods, such as Simplified Analysis, Converse-Labare [1][2], Los Angeles Group, Seiler - Keeney, Das, and Sayed - Baker. In order to calculate the groups of piles capacities, the capacities of single piles are needed. The singles piles capacities are taken from graphical method proposed by Djarwanti et al. (2015a and 2015b). Three graphical methods utilized are derived from the Briaud et al. (1985) , Reese and Wright (1977), and Reese O’Neill method. Moreover, the proposed graphical method is applied in the case study. The case study takes palace in Graha Indoland Condotel Inside Yogyakarta Construction Project.The pile efficiency graph is recommended for this research since the value of pile efficiency could be easily taken. The value of pile efficiency for Graha Indoland Condotel Inside using Simplified Analysis, Converse - Labare, Los Angeles Group, Seiler – Keeney, Das, and Sayed – Baker are 1,75; 0,89; 0,94; 0,99; 4,00; 1,56 respectively. Meanwhile the value of pile group capacity with the value of pile group efficiency more than 1, showed that the pile group capacity based on the efficiency is bigger than the one based on single down pattern.
Using Meridional Streamline and Passage Shapes to Generate Radial Turbomachinery Geometry and Meshes
Authors: Jahn Ingo , Jacobs Peter
Published: July 2016

An important aspect for structural and aerodynamics design of radial flow turbomachinery is the definition of the geometry and the generation of meshes for computational analysis. Particularly in the area of computational design and optimization, the way the geometry is defined is important, as it can limit design space. Traditionally, radial compressors and radial turbine rotors are defined using a mechanical design approach. Effectively a hub and shroud profile, followed by a rotorblade geometry are defined and the shape is adjusted in order to meet certain aerodynamic boundary conditions. The current paper presents an alternative approach, in which the overall geometry is defined starting from an aerodynamic requirement. The corresponding rotor and blade geometry is generated automatically, based on certain constraints. The advantage of this approach is the ability to define directly the aerodynamic requirements, which may allow a simpler efficient optimization of the aerodynamics.
Numerical Analysis and Parametric Study of Phononic Band Gap Structures
Authors: Li Yang Fan , Huang Xiao Dong , Zhou Shi Wei
Published: July 2016

Phononic band gap crystals (PnCs) are periodic composite materials and well known for their novel property that can prohibit the propagation of mechanical waves in certain range of frequency. This paper develops the finite element method to calculate band structures of bi-material phononic crystals. Through finite element analysis, complete band gap for longitudinal and transverse waves are obtained by characterizing the dispersion relation in phononic crystals. Phononic crystals with different inclusion shapes in a square and hexagonal unit cell are investigated to study the influence of unit cell topology on band gap size. For a specific pattern, the existence of complete band gap in relation to the density and Lamé constant modulus of composites is studied and critical density ratio and Lamé constant ratio of inclusions versus base material for opening complete band gap are given. The results provide theoretical guidance for designing phononic crystals in practical applications.
The Evaluation of Dynamic Response of Reservoir - Gravity Dam-Foundation System Using SBFEM
Authors: Liu Jun Yu , Lin Gao , Zhang Ping , Wang Yu Yang
Published: July 2016

The dynamic response of reservoir-gravity dam-foundation interaction is calculated using the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) in frequency domain. The transmitting boundary for the structure-unbounded foundation interaction analysis in frequency domain is used. The lingering effect of the unbounded foundation on the earthquake response of the dam is analyzed. Characteristics of several approximate models developed in the literature are investigated and compared. The results show that the dynamic stress modeled by mass-less foundation overestimate the earthquake response of the dam and the maximum stress considering the effect of the lingering effect is more than that of no lingering effect.
Effect of Slit Inclusions in Drag Reduction of Flow over Cylinders
Authors: Bhattacharya Rohit , Moshfegh Abouzar , Jabbarzadeh Ahmad
Published: July 2016

The flow over bluff bodies is separated compared to the flow over streamlined bodies. The investigation of the fluid flow over a cylinder with a streamwise slit has received little attention in the past, however there is some experimental evidence that show for turbulent regime it reduces the drag coefficient. This work helps in understanding the fluid flow over such cylinders in the laminar regime. As the width of the slit increases the drag coefficient keeps on reducing resulting in a narrower wake as compared to what is expected for flow over a cylinder. In this work we have used two different approaches in modelling a 2D flow for Re=10 to compare the results for CFD using finite volume method (ANSYS FLUENTTM) and Lattice Boltzmann methods. In all cases cylinders of circular cross section have been considered while slit width changing from 10% to 40% of the cylinder diameter. . It will be shown that drag coefficient decreases as the slit ratio increases. The effect of slit size on drag reduction is studied and discussed in detail in the paper. We have also made comparison of the results obtained from Lattice Boltzmann and finite volume methods.
Monitoring the Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Bridges Using Non-Contact Sensors (IBIS-S)
Authors: Zhang Li Hai , Maizuar Maizuar , Mendis Priyan , Duffield Colin , Thompson Russell
Published: July 2016

The maintenance and operation of bridges represent a significant investment in both the public and private domains. In practice, the structural damage of a bridge that accumulates over its life-span is a result of continuous degradation caused mainly by traffic conditions and sudden extreme events (e.g. flooding, fires and severe traffic accidents). However, under heavy truck loading, the deterioration rate of a bridge can be accelerated. As the use of heavier articulated trucks becomes increasingly popular in contemporary freight transportation systems, the development of modern Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques in conjunction with computational modelling becomes necessary. The advancement in this area will allow rapid assessment of the structural health of bridges and detection of ongoing damage to enhance the structural performance of bridges.
The Biomechanical Responses of Mandibular Bone Installed with Fixed Partial Denture
Authors: Yoda Nobuhiro , Liao Zhi Peng , Chen Jun Ning , Sasaki Keiichi , Li Qing
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical responses in the peri-implant bony structure installed with the fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Unlike traditional configuration, the FPD considered here comprises a superstructure and is supported by three implants. The computational model of mandibular bone and the implant prosthesis were constructed based on patient-specific computerized tomography (CT) images and Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools. To better reflect the real clinical situation, the 3D real-time loading data of maximum voluntary clenching measured using piezo-electric force transducers in patient were adopted in the 3D finite element (FE) analyses (FEA). The von Mises equivalent stress, maximum shear stress, equivalent strain and strain energy density in the peri-implant bone regions are quantified. The peak stresses and strains in the peri-implant bone were observed around the neck of the implant, indicating risk of micro-motion and bone resorption. In this study, we successfully conducted a computational simulation in silico based on in vivo 3D force measurement of a specific patient. The results provided important biomechanical data for clinical treatment, potentially helping enhancing the longevity and reliability of the implant-supported FPD restoration.
Simulating the Contact of Golf Club to Ball for Improved Performance
Authors: Steven Grant P. , Celermajer Jacob
Published: July 2016

Long before FEA was developed, people were participating in sports and as competition intensified is became clear that for many sports, the equipment plays as important a part in performance as does the athlete. With the use of modern materials and manufacturing processes there is always scope for maximizing the performance of sporting equipment. Traditionally improvements were incremental, as athletes fed-back suggestions to manufacturers and new prototypes were built and tested. Given the cost of tooling for many of the current manufacturing methods, carbon fibre with resin infusion to mention one, it is clear that such build and test iterations are not as preferable given the potential of limited success and high cost.Modern simulation techniques are capable of examining a “day–in–the-life” of an object and from an examination of the envelope of response the most sensitive regions can be detected. Iteration on the design variables, provided they remain within any constraints, be they physical or otherwise, can be incorporated to investigate their effect on performance.In this paper non-linear transient dynamic (NLTD) FEA is undertaken on a 3 iron golf club impacting a golf ball. During the less than 0.5 millisecond impact the whole outcome of the shit is established. Design changes that can lead to improved performance are studied. From the FEA simulation information on ball top spin, side spin, take off velocity are investigated.
On Application of the Maximum Entropy Meshless Method for Large Deformation Analysis of Geotechnical Problems
Authors: Zakrzewski Nadia , Nazem Majidreza , Sloan Scott William , Cassidy Mark
Published: July 2016

Traditional grid-based numerical techniques such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) are known to suffer when large deformations of the continuum are encountered. As such, there has been limited success using this class of methods to solve many of the complex problems encountered in computational geomechanics. The potential of Meshfree techniques for addressing this perceived deficiency has been recognised. This study presents a robust Maximum Entropy Meshless (MEM) method for the analysis of problems involving geometrical nonlinearity in computational geomechanics. The method is validated via simulation of an undrained layer of soil under a rigid and rough strip footing undergoing large deformations and its merit is demonstrated through a comparison of the results with those obtained via the FEM.
A Simplified Kinematic Method for 3D Limit Analysis
Authors: Hambleton J.P. , Sloan Scott William
Published: July 2016

The kinematic (upper bound) method of limit analysis is a powerful technique for evaluating rigorous bounds on limit loads that are often very close to the true limit load. While generalized computational techniques for two-dimensional (e.g., plane strain) problems are well established, methods applicable to three-dimensional problems are relatively underdeveloped and underutilized, due in large part to the cumbersome nature of the calculations for analytical solutions and the large computation times required for numerical approaches. This paper proposes a simple formulation for three-dimensional limit analysis that considers material obeying the Mohr-Coulomb yield condition and collapse mechanisms consisting of sliding rigid blocks separated by planar velocity discontinuities. A key advantage of the approach is its reliance on a minimal number of unknowns, can dramatically reduce processing time. The paper focuses specifically on tetrahedral blocks, although extension to alternative geometries is straightforward. For an arbitrary but fixed arrangement of blocks, the procedure for computing the unknown block velocities that yield the least upper bound is expressed as a second-order cone programming problem that can be easily solved using widely available optimization codes. The paper concludes with a simple example and remarks regarding extensions of the work.
A Continuum Model with an Embedded Fracture Process Zone Modelled as a Cohesive Frictional Interface
Authors: Mir Arash , Nguyen Giang Dinh , Sheikh Abdul H.
Published: July 2016

Failure in quasi-brittle materials, such as concrete and rock, usually develops in a fracture process zone (FPZ), in which dissipative processes takes place. At the onset of bifurcation or upon formation of FPZ the homogeneity of kinematic fields is lost and the stress field is redistributed which gives rise to the so called deterministic size effect problem. The total strain energy stored within a specimen of quasi-brittle materials will scale with its size; however, the amount of dissipated energy does not depend on the specimen size but only on the width of the FPZ. This width is related to the microstructure of the material and is considered a characteristic of the material. In this paper, a cohesive frictional interface is used to model the dissipative behaviour of material inside FPZ. Fundamental micro-mechanisms of energy dissipation such as micro-crack opening in mode I and frictional sliding between micro-crack surfaces are formulated within the frame work of Thermodynamic with internal variables (TIV) to ensure the thermodynamics admissibility of the model. The link between the material behaviour inside and outside FPZ is given through the continuity of tractions along the boundaries of FPZ. It is shown that although the shape of the post-peak stress-strain varies, for specimens of different slenderness, the amount of dissipated energy remains the same in all cases.
Investigating the Failure Mode during Crack Propagation Using Image Analyses
Authors: Ketheeswaran Jesinthan , Behraftar Somayeh , Scheuermann Alexander
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fracture modes of the crack propagation of fourteen sandstone samples under Cracked Chevron Notch Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) test conditions through the use of image analysis and the high speed camera. The fracture mode is characterized by the displacement of 0.5mm glass beads placed on the sandstone surface relative to the approximate orientation of the fracture propagation. Using a Phantom v2011 High Speed Camera the fracture generation and propagation of the samples are recorded and processed for image analysis. ImageJ with Multi-Tracker and Manual Tracker, as well MATLAB® software were used to analyze the movement of particles during fracture propagation. It was found that the ImageJ software was able to track the movement of the particles and the output of the MATLAB® script was able to plot vector trajectories of the particles. For the analysis of samples tested under different orientations it was found that both shear mode and mixed-mode were evident in the fracture propagation.
A u-p Formulation for Fully Coupled Dynamic Analysis of Flow and Deformation in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Shahbodagh Babak , Khalili Nasser
Published: July 2016

A u-p formulation based on the mixture theory is presented for describing the dynamic flow and deformation behaviour of unsaturated soils. In the formulation proposed, the solid displacement, pore water pressure, and pore gas pressure are considered as primary variables. The spatial discretization of the governing equations is achieved using finite element method, whereas the time integration is conducted using the Newmark technique. The coupling between solid and fluid phases is enforced according to the effective stress principle taking suction dependency of the effective stress parameter into account. Numerical examples and comparisons with known analytical solutions are presented, demonstrating the performance of the proposed approach.
Dynamic Response of Shear Deformable Functionally Graded Porous Beams
Authors: Chen Da , Kitipornchai Sritawat , Yang Jie
Published: July 2016

This paper analyzes the dynamic response of a shear deformable functionally graded porous beam under a point harmonic load. Timoshenko beam theory is employed to include the effect of transverse shear strain. The elasticity moduli and mass density of the porous beam vary continuously in the thickness direction based on two different porosity distributions. The relationship between porosity and density coefficients are determined according to the mechanical property of an open-cell metal foam. The equations of motion are derived and solved by applying Ritz method in the space domain and Newmark-β method in the time domain. The dynamic deflections are obtained for porous beams with different boundary conditions. A detailed numerical analysis is presented to show the effects of porosity coefficient and slenderness ratio on the dynamic response of porous beams. The influence of porosity distribution pattern is highlighted to shed a useful insight into the design of functionally graded porous structures.
Numerical Study of Basalt Fibre Cloth Strengthened Structural Insulated Panel under Windborne Debris Impact
Authors: Meng Qing Fei , Hao Hong , Chen Wen Su
Published: July 2016

Strong winds happen around the world every year and cause enormous damages and losses. Besides large wind pressure, impact from windborne debris on building envelope is a major source of structural damage in strong winds. The debris lifted and carried by wind impacting on building envelop may create openings on building envelope which increase internal pressure of the building, and lead to roof lifting and even total building collapse. Preventing impact damage to structural wall and roof is therefore critical in extreme wind conditions. On the other hand Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) with Oriented Strand Board (OSB) skins is popularly used in the building industry. Previous studies revealed that such SIP panels had weak impact resistant capacity and do not meet the design requirements to resist windborne debris impact specified in Australian Standard (AS/NZS1170.2:2011) for their applications in cyclonic regions. To increase the capacity of such SIP panels against windborne debris impact, basalt fibre cloth was used to strengthen the panel. Laboratory tests found that SIP strengthened with basalt fibre cloth was effective in increasing its impact-resistant capacity. This paper presents the development of a reliable numerical model to predict the impact responses of basalt fibre cloth strengthened SIP panel in LS-DYNA. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The validated numerical model provides a reliable tool to predict basalt fibre cloth strengthened SIPs.
Blast Resistance of Hybrid Elastomeric Composite Panels
Authors: Tran Phuong , Ghazlan Abdallah , Ngo Tuan D.
Published: July 2016

In this study, a finite element model was developed to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms of a multi-layered composite panel under blast. Fibre (E-glass fiber) and matrix (vinylester resin) damage and degradation of individual unidirectional composite laminas were modelled using the Hashin failure model. The delamination between laminas was modelled by a traction-separation cohesive law. A Polyurea layer was placed at the rear of the panel to study its effects on the damage evolution in the composite laminas, and was modelled using a Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law. The model-predicted deformation histories, fiber/matrix damage patterns, and inter-lamina delamination were compared between monolithic and composite panels. The model revealed that the Polyurea plays an important role in improving the panel’s performance.
A Numerical Investigation of the Performance of a Nacre-Like Composite under Blast Loading
Authors: Ghazlan Abdallah , Ngo Tuan D. , Lam Nelson , Tran Phuong
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the behaviour of a bio-inspired finite element composite model (that mimics the structure of nacre, the inner layer of molluscan shells) under blast loading. Nacre, which has attracted the attention of researchers over the past few decades, comprises 95% aragonite, brittle voronoi-like polygonal tablets that are joined by an organic matrix and arranged in a brick and mortar type structure. In this work, the finite element model developed herein was constructed using voronoi diagrams and geometric algorithms capable of automatically generating staggered layers of voronoi-like aluminium tablets bonded together by a vinylester adhesive layer. Many studies have led to the belief that the magnificent toughness of nacre is mainly attributed to the inter-platelet adhesive bonds. Results obtained from the finite element analysis show that this is indeed true, and it is imperative that the adhesive bond exhibits adequate toughness in order to be able to spread damage across the entire composite, thereby delaying localised failure.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Submicron Powders: A Numerical Study
Authors: Dai Wei Jing , Gan Yi Xiang , Hanaor Dorian
Published: July 2016

Effective thermal conductivity is an important property of granular materials in engineering applications and industrial processes, including the blending and mixing of powders, sintering of ceramics and refractory metals, and electrochemical interactions in fuel cells and Li-ion batteries. The thermo-mechanical properties of granular materials with macroscopic particle sizes (above 1 mm) have been investigated experimentally and theoretically, but knowledge remains limited for materials consisting of micro/nanosized grains. In this work we study the effective thermal conductivity of micro/nanopowders under varying conditions of mechanical stress and gas pressure via the discrete thermal resistance method. In this proposed method, a unit cell of contact structure is regarded as one thermal resistor. Thermal transport between two contacting particles and through the gas phase (including conduction in the gas phase and heat transfer of solid-gas interfaces) are the main mechanisms. Due to the small size of particles, the gas phase is limited to a small volume and a simplified gas heat transfer model is applied considering the Knudsen number. During loading, changes in the gas volume and the contact area between particles are simulated by the finite element method. The thermal resistance of one contact unit is calculated through the combination of the heat transfer mechanisms. A simplified relationship between effective thermal conductivity and loading pressure can be obtained by integrating the contact units of the compacted powders.
A Lagrangian Coupling Approach for the Combination of Finite-Discrete Element Method
Authors: Chen Hu , Zhang Yi Xia , Zang Meng Yan , Hazell Paul Jonathan
Published: July 2016

In this paper, an effective approach to couple finite elements (FEs) with discrete elements (DEs) is presented. The proposed approach conforms to displacement compatibility condition at the interface between FEs and DEs, and this constraint is enforced by the Lagrange multiplier method. The coupling system is solved by the Gauss-Seidel iteration strategy and the incompatibility of degrees of freedom between FEs and DEs can be effectively addressed. Two numerical examples are employed for validation and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is also demonstrated via comparison with other numerical methods.
Implementation of a Compressible-Flow Simulation Code in the D Programming Language
Authors: Jacobs Peter , Gollan Rowan
Published: July 2016

We describe the formulation and implementation of the Eilmer4 compressible-flow solver as well as discuss the features of the D programming language that we have found useful for writing scientific software. An example of use is provided to show the features of the user-input scripting and the performance of the main simulation code when run in parallel with block-marching.
Topological Design of Stiffener for Static Bending of Stiffened and Sandwiched Plates
Authors: Alfouneh Mahmoud , Tong Li Yong
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a 2.5D moving iso-surface threshold (MIST) approach for findingtopological configurations of stiffeners for stiffened and sandwiched plates subjected to staticbending load. In this 2.5D MIST approach, (a) 3D elements are used to discretize a continuum intomulti-layered finite element model with either one or two surface layers of elements as non-designdomain; (b) the 3D non-surface elements, collocated in the thickness direction, are grouped togetherand used to define one amalgamated physical response function for each series of elements in a 2Ddesign domain; (c) optimum designs on the layout of stiffeners attached to a panel or sandwichedbetween two panels are obtained using MIST from the grouped 3D elements. Several numericalexamples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in designingpractical stiffener topology. By using representative volume element and repetitive boundaryconditions as well as loading combinations, designs of stiffener are obtained for selected stiffenedand sandwiched plates under chosen static loading.