Psychological Criteria for Evaluating Models of Leader’s Non-Academic Intelligence
Authors:   Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Belova E.V. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The practice of creating long-term successful organizations shows the key role of the personality of the leaders who created them. The relevance of the leader's intelligence research is due to the practical relevance in the development of programs for identifying and supporting the development of innovative leaders at various stages of the life cycle of organizations. A critical analysis of the problem of leaders' intelligence shows an increase in the number of publications on this topic. At the same time, the increase in the number of publications does not solve the problem of modeling the intelligence of innovative leaders, because there is no systemic psychological view of this problem. In this regard, the purpose of the study is a critical analysis of existing models of leader intelligence using psychological criteria for evaluating these models developed on the basis of a systemic approach.

Materials and methods. The materials of the study were publications by foreign and domestic authors, in which a model of non-academic intelligence of a leader is explicitly proposed, as well as the works of developers of a systematic approach to domestic psychology. Theoretical research methods were used: theoretical analysis, comparison and generalization of materials, their systematization and systematic description of non-academic models of intelligence based on the developed psychological evaluation criteria.

Results. The system principles of B. F. Lomov, the specific features of the psyche as a complex system described by V. A. Ganzen, and the properties of the system highlighted by A. G. Asmolov are summarized. Based on a systematic approach, psychological criteria for evaluating models of non-academic intelligence of a leader have been developed: ambiguity, functional structure, system-forming factor, variability. The criterion of ambiguity is based on the principles of multidimensionality (multidimensional) and multiplicity of relations by B. F. Lomov, the third principle (diversity) by V. A. Ganzen and the principle of multiplicity of description by A. G. Asmolov. The consequence of the first criterion is the second criterion, the criterion of functional structure. This criterion is based on the ideas of structurality, multilevelness and hierarchy of B. F. Lomov and A. G. Asmolov, as well as the idea of polyfunctionality and polystructure of V. A. Ganzen. The third criterion is the system-forming factor. This criterion is derived from the principle of systemic determination by B. F. Lomov and the integrity property according to A. G. Asmolov. The fourth criterion is variability, based on the property of interrelation with the environment, noted by A. G. Asmolov, the properties of dynamism and adaptability according to V. A. Ganzen and the principle of development of B. F. Lomov. With the help of these criteria, a critical analysis of the models of social, emotional, practical, aesthetic, cultural, spiritual, and linguistic intelligences of the leader was carried out. Discussion and conclusion. Conceptually developed models of non-academic intelligence can be considered as: social, emotional, practical, cultural intelligence. From the point of view of the criterion of ambiguity, non-academic forms of intelligence should be considered as mental adaptation mechanisms of the leader's personality, integrating the entire psyche to solve problems of a certain type when interacting with a certain aspect of reality. The second criterion evaluates the functionality of the structure of non-academic forms of intelligence. R. Sternberg comes closest to understanding the functional structure. The criterion of a system-forming factor implies the need to take into account both objective and subjective indicators of success. To check the influence of non-academic forms of intelligence on the success of a leader's activity, there are no uniform objective and subjective evaluation criteria. The fourth criterion is the criterion of variability, which suggests that the non-academic intelligence of a leader should be considered in the context of the development of his personality, taking into account the changes in the organization that occur at different stages of its life cycle. Diagnostics of the non-academic intelligence of the leader of an organization involves taking into account the value system of the leader and is aimed at identifying the individual profile of the non-academic intelligence of the leader as a ratio of types of non-academic intelligence, which is a mechanism for embodying the values of the leader in reality.