bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Communities of Practice in Craft Production from Log Coffin Culture Archaeological Sites in Highland Pang Mapha, Northwestern Thailand
Authors: Samrit Chonchanok , Shoocongdej Rasmi
Published: December 2024

In the late prehistoric and early historic periods (2,120–1,250 B.P.) in highland Pang Mapha, northwestern Thailand, the Log Coffin Culture represented a unique mortuary practice characterized by specific cemetery locations and coffin stylistic variations within a localized region of mainland Southeast Asia. Highland peoples practiced these mortuary patterns for an extended period, indicating that specialized cultural practices were passed between successive generations. This article examines the communities of practice of coffin production to understand how this knowledge transmission occurred over roughly 1,000 years. We conducted a quantitative analysis of 202 coffin heads from four river drainages. Similarities of coffin head proportion and carving techniques suggest that highland peoples shared techniques among craft communities in sub-regional watersheds, including the Lang, Mae Lana and Khong rivers, for generations. The difference in head proportion and surface treatment also suggests that producers conceivably adopted some aspects of traditional techniques and developed individual styles.
“I am a Shape now Suddenly Long and Scaly”: Abject Physical Transformations and Dimensions of Monstrosity in Beth Yahp’s The Crocodile Fury
Authors: Bhattacharjee Soumyarup
Published: December 2024

This article examines Beth Yahp’s novel The Crocodile Fury (1992) to explore how the novel’s fusion of conventions of the literary gothic and elements from indigenous folklore respond to the conditions of gendered and colonised oppression in the marginalised subject. By situating the many iterations of the titular “crocodile” as a quasi-mythic animal in Malay lore against the three major instances of physical transformations from the human to the grotesque non-human in the narrative, this article seeks to analyse how such transformations participate in a dialectic of oppression and liberation for such marginalised characters. At the same time, it explores how the multiplicity of interpretative possibilities in the novel open up the space for the subjugated female characters such as the lover and the young narrator to resist being appropriated within a critical framework that locates their agencies in the binaries of their victimhood and rebellion alone.
Passionate Women, Vengeful Spirits: Female Ghosts and the Japanese Gothic Mode
Authors: Landau Samantha
Published: December 2024

Female phantasms of the living and the dead that appear in Japanese folklore and literature involve a dual image of women: the representation of a patriarchal ideal of women, and the monstrous double that revolts against that ideal. Representations of this folklore-inspired ideal/monstrous woman can be seen in a wide-ranging array of twentieth and twenty-first century Japanese fiction, from the early cannibalistic spirits in folklore-inspired tales to Romantic and Absurdist works to possession narratives. This essay builds upon extant research from folklorists and cultural anthropologists as well as critical literary theories on the appearance of ghosts in Japanese fiction. I assert that certain feminine ghostly presences in twentieth century Japanese literature may be termed an expression of Globalgothic, especially through ghost stories that demonstrate the subordination of women and their subversive acts via implementation of the supernatural.
Are Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones Associated with Unique Vortex and Convective Characteristics?
Authors: Fischer Michael S. , Reasor Paul D. , Dunion Jason P. , Rogers Robert F.
Published: December 2024

The largest tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecast errors are typically associated with episodes of rapid intensification (RI). Here, we explore whether TCs that undergo RI are associated with different vortex and convective characteristics compared to TCs that are either slowly intensifying (SI) or nonintensifying (NI). Because characteristics of TC structure are strongly linked to intensity, a normalization technique is employed to examine how the anomalous TC structure, relative to the average structure for a given intensity, is related to TC intensity change. TC structure is assessed using a recently developed database of airborne Doppler radar analyses collected by NOAA’s WP-3D aircraft over the last three decades, primarily in the North Atlantic basin. We find that RI episodes are associated with significantly taller and narrower primary circulations than both SI and NI episodes. RI episodes also tend to occur in storms with anomalously deep overturning circulations and larger azimuthally averaged ascent in the upper troposphere than SI and NI episodes. Additionally, the inner core of RI TCs exhibits a significantly greater areal coverage of convective bursts, which are defined as locations with relatively vigorous ascent in the mid–upper troposphere. Ultimately, TC intensity change is governed by multiscale processes, and RI is found to occur preferentially in TCs that have both favorable synoptic-scale environmental conditions and favorable vortex structures for intensification. Consequently, observations of the anomalous TC structure may serve as useful predictors for TC intensity change and RI.

Significance Statement

Current forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity have the largest errors when storms experience periods of rapid intensification (RI). This study explores whether TCs that undergo RI have unique vortex and convective characteristics compared to TCs that either slowly intensify or those that fail to intensify altogether. It is found that TCs which undergo RI tend to have taller and narrower vortex structures than non-RI storms. TCs that undergo RI also display stronger ascent in the upper troposphere than non-RI storms. These characteristics may serve as useful predictors for TC intensity change and forecasting whether RI will occur.
The Hidden Costs of Scientific Progress: A Call for Holistic and Environmentally Sustainable Approaches to Scientific Research
Authors: Hermann Erik , Hahn Rüdiger
Published: December 2024

Scientific research and progress come with hidden environmental costs along the entire research cycle. A holistic, environmentally sustainable approach is important, urging researchers to consider environmental impact alongside scientific value for more sustainable research.
Territorial Loss and Nationalist Populism
Authors: Carter Perry J. , Pop-Eleches Grigore
Published: December 2024

This paper highlights the overlooked role of prior grievances stemming from historical territorial loss as a significant factor behind support for nationalist populist parties. While not essential for the emergence of nationalist populism, territorial loss uniquely aligns with the backward-looking victimization framing crucial to these parties’ electoral success. Utilizing cross-national experimental and observational data from original surveys conducted in 2020–2021 in Romania, Hungary, Germany, and Turkey, we establish territorial loss attitudes as a robust predictor of nationalist populist party support. In addition to variations in national context, a trade-off emerges for governing populists, revealing that priming past losses attracts concerned voters but alienates those indifferent to territorial issues. Analyzing a quasi-natural experiment involving a new nationalist populist party that emerged in Romania between waves, we conclude that loss attitudes are stable over time and temporally prior to support for nationalist populism.
The Cost of Looking Up: Social Comparison as a Partial Mediator Between Social Anxiety and Vindictive Behavior in a Non-anonymous Ultimatum Game
Authors: Călin Floricica Mariana , Bică Andreea C.
Published: December 2024

Self-appraisals in relation to internalized standards are fundamental constructs in clinical and evolutionary models of Social Anxiety (SA). Empirical evidence has consistently shown that socially anxious individuals tend to engage in upward social comparisons and aim to adjust their social standing accordingly. However, the consequences of perceiving oneself as inferior to others within social contexts remain under-explored. To this end, a sample of N = 166 college students participated as respondents in an iterated, non-anonymous online Ultimatum Game (UG) against two familiar classmates: a fair allocator and a highly unfair allocator. Participants were informed that their identities would be disclosed to their assigned co-players. In reality, however, all participants played against a computer-simulated opponent. Our findings both replicate and extend previous research by showing that individuals with elevated social anxiety tend to exhibit vindictive behavior in response to unfair monetary UG splits (i.e., costly punishment) compared to their less anxious peers, even without the safeguarding of anonymity. Overall, our data lend empirical support to Social Rank theories of social anxiety and underscore the role of (upward) social comparison as a partial mediator explaining behavioral outcomes (i.e., vindictive behavior) in SA. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Government Policies on Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Fortification in Benin
Authors: Santos Reynald , Sossa Jerome Charles , Azandjeme Colette , Mizehoun-Adissoda Carmelle , Metonnou Clémence
Published: December 2024

Background

To prevent micronutrient deficiencies and address the Double Burden of Malnutrition, Benin has implemented Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) and food fortification policies for several years. Despite these efforts, significant micronutrient deficiencies persist, posing a public health problem.

Objective

This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of government policies on IYCF and food fortification in Benin.

Methods

We conducted in-depth individual interviews with 23 key national and local stakeholders involved in implementing these policies. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through a deductive and iterative process based on the study's objective.

Results

Stakeholders identified several barriers to policy implementation, including low staff motivation, exacerbated by poor personnel management and lack of recognition. Financial resources are insufficient despite organizational support. Training and awareness among health workers and producers are limited outside UNICEF's intervention areas. Traditional eating habits and cultural resistance impede the adoption of new practices. The monitoring system is complex and ill-equipped, hindering quality control of fortified foods. Facilitators include strong political commitment, partnerships with international nongovernmental organizations, and effective intersectoral collaboration. These partnerships have improved training and community awareness, though gaps remain. The involvement of local producers and professional associations also supports food fortification initiatives.

Conclusion

Nutrition policies in Benin face challenges such as low staff motivation and lack of resources. However, strong political commitment and international partnerships present opportunities to overcome these barriers.
Radiated noise from cavitation bubble volume pulsation in a shaftless pump-jet propulsor
Authors: Liu Houlin , Zhao Yang , Tan Minggao , Hua Runan , Wu Xianfang
Published: December 2024

The radiated noise resulting from cavitation bubble volume pulsations is a critical component of cavitation-induced noise during propulsor operation. This paper investigates the radiated noise generated by cavitation bubble volume pulsations in a shaftless pump-jet propulsor. Utilizing spherical bubble acoustic radiation theory, a numerical simulation method was developed to analyze this phenomenon. Additionally, the effects of distance, cavitation number, and flow rate on the radiated noise were examined. The research findings indicated that an increase in flow rate or cavitation intensity leads to a rise in the average cavitation bubble volume within the propulsor impeller. The sound pressure level spectrum of the radiated noise in the propulsor exhibits a continuous spectrum. The sound pressure level initially increases slightly and then continuously decreases with increasing frequency. At a constant flow rate and cavitation stage, the sound pressure level of pulsating radiation noise generated by cavitation bubble volume decreases as the distance between the measurement point and the noise source increases. with the gradient of this reduction progressively diminishing. Additionally, at the same flow rate, the sound pressure level of the radiated noise in the propulsor initially shows a slight increase, followed by a gradual decrease across different cavitation stages, with the characteristic frequency corresponding to the blade passing frequency. As cavitation intensifies, the overall radiated noise increases, while the prominence of the blade frequency diminishes. Furthermore, as the flow rate increases, the cavitation bubble volume pulsations intensify, leading to a corresponding rise in the overall sound pressure level of the radiated noise within the propulsor. This effect becomes more pronounced as the severity of cavitation increases. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the noise control of shaftless pump-jet propulsors.
“This Is Fate! Nothing We Can Do to Change It”: Triggers of Learned Helplessness Among Patients in Maintenance Hemodialysis – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cai Shaona , Li Caixia , Du Zhenping , Liu Shengzi , Zhou Lifang , Zhao Yina , Li Yingying , Fu Xia
Published: December 2024

As the global population of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis continues to grow, more than half are experiencing the psychological distress associated with learned helplessness, a condition potentially linked to adverse outcomes such as depression and suicidal ideation. However, the triggers contributing to learned helplessness in these patients remain poorly understood. This study employs an interpretative phenomenological approach to explore the experiences and triggers of learned helplessness among 26 maintenance hemodialysis patients across five hospitals in China. The analysis of participants’ narratives reveals that learned helplessness in these patients is influenced by a combination of physiological, psychological, and social factors. Physical discomfort and psychological changes contribute to their sense of helplessness. Despite seeking support from family and healthcare providers, their distress often goes unnoticed. Additionally, the social stigma of being perceived as a “special group” further exacerbates their learned helplessness. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are provided to effectively mitigate learned helplessness: Healthcare professionals must reduce symptom burden, provide psychological assessment and support, and assist in rebuilding positive patient cognition. It is also crucial to enhance connections between patients, their families, and social support groups, reduce misunderstandings and stigmatization, and strengthen community support systems.
The Impact of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding on Midface Growth in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moshal T. , Roohani I. , Jolibois M. , Lasky S. , Manasyan A. , Naidu P. , Munabi N. C. O. , Urata M. M. , Hammoudeh J. A. , Magee W. P.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) can optimize aesthetic outcomes in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), particularly in those with wider clefts. However, its impact on long-term postoperative sequelae such as midface hypoplasia (MFH) remains unclear. This study analyzed cephalometric data to evaluate NAM's effect on MFH in patients with complete unilateral CLP (UCLP).

Design

Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

Patients

Included studies reported cephalometrics of patients ≥ 7 years old with repaired UCLP who underwent presurgical NAM versus no-NAM (control). Studies of bilateral cases or unoperated clefts were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures

Main outcomes were cephalometric angles (sella-nasion-A point (SNA), sella-nasion-B point (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point (ANB)) of patients treated with NAM vs. no-NAM.

Results

Of 2063 articles, three met inclusion criteria. Cephalometrics were reported for 171 patients (89 NAM, 82 no-NAM) at an average age of 8.5 ± 0.9 years. On pooled analysis, compared to the no-NAM cohort, the NAM cohort had insignificantly smaller SNA (78.8°±1.5° vs. 76.7°±1.5°, p = 0.169), SNB (75.5°±1.0° vs. 75.5°±1.0°, p = 0.954), and ANB (3.6°±1.4° vs. 1.23°±1.2°, p = 0.089) angles. Upon meta-analysis, compared to the no-NAM cohort, the NAM cohort had significantly smaller SNA (Mean Difference (MD) −1.96 [−3.31 to −0.61], p = 0.005) and ANB angles (MD −2.22 [−3.20 to −1.24], p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis revealed that patients with UCLP who underwent presurgical NAM had significantly smaller SNA and ANB angles, possibly indicating worse MFH. Before choosing NAM, clinicians should consider CLP severity, potential sagittal growth restrictions, and feasibility, particularly in low-resource settings.
Evaluation of a Digital Home Weight Monitoring Program for Infants With Cleft Palate
Authors: Sitzman Thomas J. , Tymous Kayla , Halvorson Megan , Chee-Williams Jessica L. , Mazon Jeanette L. , Cordero Kelly Nett , Vaidya Vinay U. , Singh Davinder J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Evaluate the effectiveness of a digital home monitoring program for infants with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), compared to monitoring through in-person clinic visits.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

One metropolitan pediatric hospital.

Patients

Eight-eight infants with CP ± L: 41 infants received digital home monitoring and 47 infants were monitored solely through in-person visits.

Interventions

Beginning in September 2022, all infants with CP ± L were enrolled in a digital home monitoring program, in which caregivers weighed their child weekly at home and submitted those weights, along with subjective evaluations of their child's feeding, using a secure website. Submissions were monitored by the cleft team nurse coordinator.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome was the incidence of malnutrition at 4 months of age. The secondary outcome was the average number of in-person clinic visits during the first 4 months of life.

Results

There was not a significant difference ( P = .764) in the incidence of malnutrition between infants monitored in-person compared to infants in the home monitoring program (13% vs 17%). Infants in the home monitoring program had fewer in-person visits with speech–language pathology (5.4 vs 3.9; P < .001). Across groups, malnutrition was associated with Child Protective Services involvement ( P = .001) and presence of a syndrome ( P = .014).

Conclusions

The digital home monitoring program did not decrease the incidence of malnutrition, but it did reduce the number of speech–language pathology in-person visits. The program appears to distinguish infants who are gaining weight appropriately from those with feeding challenges, but it does not fully address the multifactorial contributors to malnutrition.
Black Widow Spider Exposures: A Retrospective Review of the National Poison Data System 2012–2022
Authors: Kerns Abigail F. , Scheffel Emily T. , Farah Rita , Holstege Christopher P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans, stands out as one of the most medically significant arachnids due to its extensive geographic distribution in the United States and its ability to produce a potent neurotoxin, α-latrotoxin. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of black widow spider exposures by month of exposure, geographic distribution, demographics, symptoms, treatment, and health system resource utilization between 2012 and 2022.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study using the US National Poison Data System, the data warehouse of the 55 US poison centers. A descriptive analysis of patient demographic data, month of exposure, clinical effects, level of healthcare received, and medical outcome was performed.

Results

During the studied period, a total of 15,299 cases of Latrodectus spp exposures were reported to US poison centers. Exposures occurred with higher frequency in warm-weather states and during summer months. Almost half the cases were managed outside a healthcare facility (48.6%). Hospital admission was required for 10.0% of exposures. The most common therapies received were wound care (43.7%) and benzodiazepines (18.6%). Antivenom was administered in 3.4% (n=521) of exposures.

Conclusions

Poison center data indicate that most black widow spider exposures result in minor consequences. Supportive care is the primary approach for black widow spider bites. Although antivenom use is infrequent, providers may seek administration guidance from toxicologists through local poison centers. This study underscores the pivotal role of poison centers in mitigating unnecessary healthcare visits and subsequent hospitalizations.
Flexural performance of ultra-high performance concrete beams produced with granite manufactured sand
Authors: Qi Jianan , Jiao Yang , Liu Chen , Wang Jingquan
Published: December 2024

Manufactured sand (MS) has different characteristics to natural sand (NS), particularly in terms of morphology and size distribution. The flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with MS presents a critical challenge when using MS in engineering practice. In the present study, granite manufactured sand (GMS) was used as alternatives for NS. Six ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) beams with varying GMS contents were subjected to flexural performance testing. The failure mode of UHPC beams with GMS (GMS-UHPC beams) was similar to that of UHPC beams with NS (NS-UHPC beams). The workability of MS-UHPC exhibited an increase initially, followed by a decrease as the increasing GMS content. The test results indicated that a valley was observed in the flexural performance of UHPC beams with different GMS contents. The response of all test beams could be categorized into three distinct stages. Compared to the NS-UHPC beam, the GMS-UHPC beams exhibited a greater occurrence of secondary cracks and a more evenly distributed crack pattern. A suitable equation was proposed to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of UHPC flexural members with different GMS contents, and the calculated and test values matched well.
Minimum safety distance of adjacent explosive storage caves in class IV wall rocks
Authors: Zhou Donglei , Chen Li , Xu Linfeng , Fang Qin
Published: December 2024

To determine the minimum safety distance between explosive storage caves in Class IV wall rocks, a developed refined finite element (FE) model was established on the basis of fully verifying a constitutive model for high strain rate materials. The FE model was subsequently validated by comparing the calculated minimum safety distances with those specified by the relevant codes for Class I, II, and III wall rocks. Based on the validated model, the propagation process of shockwaves and blast-induced stress waves in the explosive storage cave interior, cave lining, and surrounding rocks were analyzed, and the damage characteristics of the adjacent storage in different surrounding rock grades were obtained. In addition, a method for calculating the minimum safety distance of adjacent explosive storage caves based on the residual bearing capacity factor of the lining structure was developed. The calculation results indicated that when an explosion occurred inside a cave, the detonation products and shockwaves could not be completely separated before reaching the lining structure. The blast load on the surface of the structure was significantly higher than that calculated from the ground explosion. Moreover, the critical scaled distance of an explosion between caves was approximately equal to that for wall rocks of the same class. The residual lining bearing capacity, which characterizes the damage and destruction of the adjacent cave structure, was recognized as a crucial indicator of the inter-cave minimum safety distance. Analytical results indicated that the critical scaled distance for explosive storage caves in Class IV wall rocks was approximately 0.993 m/kg1/3 and that the minimum safety distance between two caves was 49 m.
Creating a Dot-Counting Single-Subject Design Tutorial
Authors: Ng Da Xuan , Chao Wei Jun Marc , Chan Kai Qin
Published: December 2024

Single-subjects design has the advantage of providing detailed, individualized analyses of intervention. However, creating a tutorial for single-subject design (SSD) is challenging, and an effective version for online delivery is currently unavailable. Here, we developed an experiential SSD tutorial designed for online delivery and evaluated its pedagogical effectiveness. Fifty-nine undergraduate students participated by completing a three-item online questionnaire, and their free-text responses were analyzed using summative content analysis. The quantitative results indicated that most students found the tutorial highly beneficial. Qualitative findings revealed four key learning points: the SSD design process, types of intervention, the concept of SSD, and behavioral changes. Additionally, two main features—experiential learning and the ability to interpret personal data—facilitated student engagement. We also explore ways to further enhance the teaching of SSD, highlighting the tutorial as a versatile tool for online education that offers students a practical and realistic introduction to single-subject designs.
The Induced Membrane Technique for Bone Defects in the Hand and Upper Extremity: A Case Series
Authors: Park Rosa , Muneer Mohammed , Moreno Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Background:

We present a series of cases in which the induced membrane technique (IMT) was used to treat segmental bone defects from trauma and chronic infection nonunion in the hand and upper extremity. The aims of the study were to present the rates of union and complications using this technique.

Methods:

Our institutional database was queried between 2012 and 2018. Patients who met the inclusion criteria with segmental defects either from acute trauma or chronic infection nonunion were included in the study. A retrospective review of their charts was performed documenting patient demographics, size of bone defect, time to union, mechanism of injury, and postoperative complications.

Results:

A total of 13 patients met the inclusion criteria, and their individual charts and operative notes were reviewed. Eleven patients had acute traumatic bone loss, and the remaining 2 patients were treated for postoperative chronic infection nonunion as confirmed with positive cultures taken at the nonunion site. Rate of union after the index procedure was 84.6%, and average time to union was 14 weeks. The mean bone defect length was 2.73 cm. 46.1% of patients had soft tissue defects and complications requiring additional procedures for soft tissue coverage.

Conclusion:

The IMT is an alternative means of treating segmental bone defects in the upper extremity but can present with challenges resulting in persistent nonunion and complications with soft tissue reconstruction.
World Stroke Organization and World Hypertension League position statement on hypertension control strategies in prevention and management of stroke
Authors: Pandian Jeyaraj Durai , Sylaja PN , Lackland Daniel T , Babu Veena , Kumar Paramasivan Naveen , Sebastian Ivy , Parati Gianfranco , Anderson Craig S , Ovbiagele Bruce , Fisher Marc , Martins Sheila , Whelton Paul
Published: December 2024

Background and purpose:

The goal of this consensus is to provide a comprehensive set of recommendations in regard to hypertension control strategies for the prevention and management of stroke. This document is intended for prehospital care providers, physicians, allied health professionals, and hospital administrators and healthcare policymakers.

Methods:

Members of the writing group were representatives of the World Stroke Organization and World Hypertension League. The writing group reviewed articles searched from PubMed and Google Scholar using selected search strings. The document was sent to 12 peer reviewers. The writing group considered the feedback from peer reviewers and made revisions accordingly. Every member of the writing group gave their approval of the final document.

Results:

This article details the various techniques for blood pressure (BP) measurement, BP classification, BP and stroke risk, antihypertensive drug therapy for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke, choice of antihypertensive drug therapy, optimal BP targets, non-drug approaches to the prevention of stroke through BP lowering, BP management separately for acute ischemic stroke and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and the implementation of BP prevention, treatment, and control in the community.

Conclusion:

This article provides general recommendations based on currently available evidence to guide healthcare practitioners caring for adults with hypertension for the prevention and management of stroke. Future studies are needed to better define approaches to hypertension control in the community and high-risk groups.
Proximal interphalangeal surface replacement in patients with severe longitudinal joint axis deviation
Authors: Bandzaite Laima , Marks Miriam , Schindele Stephan , Herren Daniel B.
Published: December 2024

We compared the 2 year outcomes after proximal interphalangeal joint surface replacement in 68 joints with severe (>15°) preoperative longitudinal axis deviation and 50 joints without (<5°) preoperative deviation. Patients in both groups had a mean preoperative brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score of 47 and had similar 2 year scores of 72 (95% CI 68–77) (severe deviation) and 70 (95% CI 65–76) (no deviation). Pain, proximal interphalangeal joint range of motion, grip strength and complications did not differ between the groups at 2 years. Ninety per cent of the severely deviated joints had a deviation of less than 15° at follow-up. The revision rates were 5.9% and 1.8% for deviated and non-deviated joints, respectively. We recommend a surface replacing implant to correct severe preoperative axis deviations of the proximal interphalangeal joint, but the risk of revision surgery needs to be considered.

Level of evidence: IV
Research methodology: A bibliometric review using the spastic hand as an example
Authors: Ma Xingyi , Xu Wendong
Published: December 2024

Bibliometric review involves systematically analysing the academic literature on a particular topic, enabling researchers to better understand the trajectory and future trends of a specific research field. This study uses various bibliometric tools to analyse relevant research on the spastic hand over the past two decades, aiming to identify key contributors, hotspots and emerging trends. The results show that early studies focused on cerebral palsy, stroke and botulinum toxin treatment, while recent advancements highlight surgical procedures such as neurectomy and soft tissue transfer. Future research should enhance international collaboration and the use of neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques to gain a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying spasticity, optimize surgical procedures and explore novel treatments for spastic hand.
Intraneural Lipomas of the Median Nerve: a case presentation and review
Authors: Nazifi Omid , Parker Simon , Van Dam Helena
Published: December 2024

Intraneural lipomas and lipofibromas are rare, benign median nerve tumours. We report a 62-year-old woman with carpal tunnel syndrome owing to an intraneural lipoma. MRI is the reference standard investigation for diagnosis, directing treatment towards operative or non-operative management.
Is “Penal Populism” Really Populist? Evaluating Penal Legislation in Post-redemocratization Brazil
Authors: Silveira de Queirós Campos Gabriel , Cesar Fabriz Daury
Published: December 2024

For over two decades, “penal populism” has been trying to explain the major developments in penal policy around the world. As a theoretical model, it is often seen as synonymous with an unrestrained growth of punishment-oriented thinking. This study discusses a critical issue involving the complex link between contemporary punishment and politics. Building upon Michael Freeden’s “morphological analysis” of ideologies, we examine the internal structure of populism. An empirical test of the “penal populism” thesis will be conducted in post-redemocratization Brazil (1980s). Criminal legislation passed during three populist governments will be analyzed to determine whether there was a correspondent expansion of punitiveness. We hypothesize that there is no necessary connection between populism and more punitive criminal policies. Thus, we propose a new understanding of “penal populism” as an authentic penal ideology or an ideology of crime control.
How Does Psychological Contract Breach Affect Employee Silence? A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Liao Caisheng , Li Zhao , Huang Lijun
Published: December 2024

Psychological contract breach is widespread at work and is a major cause of employee silence. This study presents organizational identity and emotional exhaustion variables and creates a model to explain the mechanism of the effect of psychological contract breach on employee silence based on the cognitive-affective system theory of personality. The model is empirically examined using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach, with 247 grassroots employees of the company as the research subjects. The main findings are as follows: psychological contract breach has a positive effect on employee silence; psychological contract breach can indirectly contribute to employee silence by decreasing organizational identity and increasing emotional exhaustion, respectively; optimism not only weakens the negative effect of psychological contract breach on organizational identity, but also weakens the positive effect of psychological contract breach on emotional exhaustion; furthermore, optimism negatively moderates the mediating effect of organizational identity and emotional exhaustion on the relationship between psychological contract breach and employee silence. This study enriches the research on the formation, triggering mechanisms, and boundary conditions of employee silence in the Chinese context. The findings contribute to the understanding of employee silencing behavior in Chinese companies from the perspective of employee emotions and organizational identity.
Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Prevention of Mpox in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Han Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Tap Van , Tran Khanh Van , Nguyen Hau Viet , Vo Lan Y , An Pham Le , Tran Tuan Diep , Huynh Giao
Published: December 2024

The re-emergence of the mpox virus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people worldwide. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward mpox among healthcare providers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2022 using a self-reported questionnaire based on the literature and the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model. The association between practices and associated factors was investigated by performing multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 612 participants were included in the final statistical analysis. Amongst them, the rates of sufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice regarding mpox were 54.4%, 36.8%, and 51.8%, respectively. Participants who were female and attended training about mpox were more likely to show higher good practices. Meanwhile, those who knew about mpox through social media were less likely to have good practices than their counterparts. Those with sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude were found to be associated with higher good practices. The findings showed low levels of KAP especially positive attitudes toward practice among healthcare providers. Educational interventions should be implemented to enhance KAP as well as emphasize the threat that emerging zoonotic diseases pose to community health.
Special Education Teachers’ Practices in Preparing Students With Disabilities for Postsecondary Education in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alabdulwahab Reem A.
Published: December 2024

This study explored how special education teachers (SETs) in public secondary schools in Saudi Arabia prepare students with disabilities (SWDs) for postsecondary education institutions. A literature review of best practices and predictors of secondary transition for SWDs guided the development of an instrument to examine SETs’ practices regarding transition assessment, transition planning, and instructional support provided to SWDs. After the validity and reliability of the instrument were tested, SETs ( n = 111) working in public secondary schools in Riyadh responded. Findings revealed that SETs’ implementation of most transition practices in assessment, planning, and instruction provision was high. However, using formal and informal assessment tools to assess self-determination skills, developing students’ summaries of performance, including plans of study and instructional and test accommodations in the SWDs’ transition individualized educational plans, and involving representatives from disability support services in higher education institutions were moderately implemented. The results are discussed considering the literature on secondary best practices, predictors, and transition services in Saudi Arabia. Recommendations include expanding the scope of the study to cover other areas in Saudi Arabia and utilizing other research methods to examine how SETs implement transition practices. Implications for practice and policy are also discussed.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Research Consent and Reconsent for Procedures Involving Biological Samples and Biobanking of Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Kenya
Authors: Aluoch Josephine , Chory Ashley , Scanlon Michael , Gillette Emma , Koros Hillary , Munyoro Dennis , Ashimosi Celestine , Beigon Whitney , Lidweye Janet , Nyagaya Jack , DeLong Allison , Kantor Rami , Vreeman Rachel Christine , Naanyu Violet , Nyandiko Winstone M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To explore the perspectives of stakeholders on consenting and reconsenting children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) to participate in research involving biological sampling and biobanking. Stakeholders included CALWH, their caregivers, subject matter experts (SMEs) such as Institutional Review Board (IRB) members, Community Advisory Board (CAB) members, Healthcare Providers, researchers, and community leaders.

Study design

This qualitative study was conducted at the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) in Kenya. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with CALWH, their caregivers, and SMEs. Audio recordings were transcribed, thematically analyzed, and emerging themes derived.

Results

In total, 99 participants were interviewed, of which the majority (52%) were female; 50% of CALWH were female with a median age of 17.5 years (range 11-24); 70% of caregivers and 44% of SMEs were female. All SMEs, CALWH, and caregivers emphasized that recontacting and reconsenting were their strong preferences for the use of biospecimens and also an essential procedure to address legal and ethical considerations and confidentiality. All CALWH wanted consent to detail how they will be informed about research findings and emphasized making their results available to them. Caregivers highlighted the importance of trust in the use of the stored samples to be maintained as per the consents.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that CALWH and their caregivers want researchers to go beyond the typical information provided about biospecimen storage and use. They desire to be recontacted and reconsented as well as maintain ongoing communication with the research team about the research findings.
Experiences of Nurse Educators Regarding the R171 Nursing Curriculum in North-West Province, South Africa
Authors: Botlhoko Katlego Patronellah , Zenani Nombulelo Esme , Sehularo Leepile Alfred
Published: December 2024

Background

Nurse educators must seek innovative frameworks for their curricula to prepare nursing students to meet evolving healthcare needs. The South African National Department of Health introduced the new nursing curriculum (R171) in 2013 with the aim of producing generalist nurses who can meet the health care needs of the patients and to align the nursing program with the relevant Higher Education Qualification Framework. R171 was implemented in the North-West Province in 2021.Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of nurse educators regarding the three-year R171 nursing curriculum in North-West Province, South Africa.

Methodology

The researcher used a descriptive phenomenology research design to achieve the aim and objectives. A nonprobability sampling approach was adopted for the study with use of a purposive sampling technique to select participants with insight and experience on the phenomenon in question. Semi-structured individual interviews, through Microsoft Teams, collected the data, with analysis using thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes emerged from the findings of this study, namely inadequate resources to implement the R171 nursing curriculum, teaching and learning challenges in implementing the R171 nursing curriculum, and the possible solutions for effective implementation of the R171 nursing curriculum.

Conclusion

To implement the R171 nursing curriculum effectively, it is necessary to include nurse educators in the development of the curriculum. There is also a need for comprehensive support that comprises all available essential resources.
Belongingness in Medical Student Placements: Validation and Pilot Study of the Use of the Exeter Belongingness Assessment Tool in Belgian and English Medical Students
Authors: Daniels Rob , Pattyn Thomas , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Buramba Eric , Denis Kato
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Belongingness is an important factor in the social development of medical students, and the ability to quantify belongingness in medical students may provide additional metrics by which we can compare different learning environments to help explore differential attainment. Previous studies looking at the measurement of belongingness have demonstrated good internal and external validity for tools designed to measure this facet of student experience. This study aimed to explore the use of the Exeter Belongingness Assessment Tool (EBAT) as one potential source of evidence in the study of student learning experience on clinical placements, which could be used to support quality assurance of clinical learning. This study sought to validate the use of the EBAT and carry out an initial pilot study to compare levels of belongingness in medical students in Belgium and the United Kingdom.

METHODS

This study used a validated assessment tool self-administered via an online survey platform in undergraduate medical students in all years studying in Belgium and the United Kingdom.

RESULTS

The EBAT described here demonstrated good internal validity in undergraduate medical students in the United Kingdom and Belgium and identified statistically significant differences between these medical student populations.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that belongingness in undergraduate medical students varies between different demographic groups and provides further evidence that the EBAT described here is a valid tool to study this. It also supports the proposal that this may be a useful tool to monitor teaching environments.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Different Fixation Methods for Percutaneous Extracapsular Transverse Cervical Metatarsal Osteotomy in a Hallux Valgus Sawbone Model
Authors: Wagner Pablo , Wagner Emilio , Pinochet Miguel , Salinas David , Lam Peter
Published: December 2024

Background:

There is limited literature available that provide information about fixation methods for minimally invasive hallux valgus osteotomies. Our objective was to evaluate the strength of different fixation methods for a percutaneous extracapsular transverse cervical metatarsal (PTCM) osteotomy in a sawbone model.

Methods:

Thirty solid foam sawbone foot models were used. Percutaneous extracapsular transverse cervical metatarsal osteotomies were performed and fixed in a standardized fashion in 6 different groups: (1) one 4.0-mm screw; (2) 2 (one 4.0-mm and one 3.0-mm) parallel screws; (3) 2 (one 4.0-mm and one 3.0-mm) divergent screws; (4) same as group 3, but with lateral metatarsal head cortex purchase with the 4.0-mm screw; (5) same as group 4, but with two 4.0-mm screws; (6) same as group 5, but with two 3.5-mm screws. Cyclic and load to failure testing were performed applying a plantar load to the metatarsal head. The measured variables were stiffness and force needed to create deformity using a Zwick Roell Universal Testing Machine.

Results:

Group 1 failed as a result of rotational instability in cyclic testing. In load to failure testing, group 3 did not achieve difference compared with group 2 ( P = .09) (181 vs 131 N). Group 4 was stronger ( P = .02) (250 N) than groups 1-3. Group 5 did not show differences relative to group 4 ( P = .1) (223 N). Group 6 was stronger only than groups 1 and 2 ( P = .01) (193 N).

Conclusion:

In this sawbones-based study, we found that the use of two 4.0-mm screws or use of a 3.0-mm screw and a 4.0-mm screw with lateral first metatarsal head cortical purchase was superior to other screw configurations.
A Tutorial on Tailored Simulation-Based Sample-Size Planning for Experimental Designs With Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Pargent Florian , Koch Timo K. , Kleine Anne-Kathrin , Lermer Eva , Gaube Susanne
Published: December 2024

When planning experimental research, determining an appropriate sample size and using suitable statistical models are crucial for robust and informative results. The recent replication crisis underlines the need for more rigorous statistical methodology and adequately powered designs. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) offer a flexible statistical framework to analyze experimental data with complex (e.g., dependent and hierarchical) data structures. However, available methods and software for a priori sample-size planning for GLMMs are often limited to specific designs. Tailored data-simulation approaches offer a more flexible alternative. Based on a practical case study in which we focus on a binomial GLMM with two random intercepts and discrete predictor variables, the current tutorial equips researchers with a step-by-step guide and corresponding code for conducting tailored a priori sample-size planning with GLMMs. We not only focus on power analysis but also explain how to use the precision of parameter estimates to determine appropriate sample sizes. We conclude with an outlook on the increasing importance of simulation-based sample-size planning.