bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensor Based Portable Tremor Suppression Device for Stroke Patients
Authors: Kalaiarasi A. , Kumar L. Ashok
Published: March 2018

Objective: Tremor is a clinically depicted commonly encountered neurological disorder which results after a stroke or brain injury like Parkinson's disease which causes rhythmic and reflex oscillatory movement of a body, particularly upper arm, which is difficult to diagnose
and manage. Tremor is influenced by Physiological and Psychological factors which can affect any age group specifically in middle age and older persons. The modern treatment facilities and features available are very expensive and unreachable for rural people. Hence there arises a necessity
to develop a portable device to overcome such situations. Methods: This paper introduces a portable and wearable device using accelerometer sensor assisted with pneumatic mechanism for tremor suppression in the upper arm. This portable device may help to suppress tremor and improve
muscle control and coordination in the upper arm. Once the device is connected with the patients arm, the pneumatic circuit supplies required air through the hand cuff to keep the arm on control with reference to the signal obtained from the accelerometer sensor. The results: The performances
of the device are measured in three different stages say before inflation, during partial inflation and full inflation. The results depicts 30% of improvement in tremor suppression at three different levels of tremor occurrence which is measured in terms of voltage between 1.6 and 2V at high,
medium and low levels at different time intervals with frequency <10Hz. Conclusion: This device is a cost effective and portable closed loop system which is exclusively designed to reduce the tremor without affecting the upper limb voluntary movements.
Long Noncoding RNA FOXC2-AS1 Predicts Poor Survival in Breast Cancer Patients and Promotes Cell Proliferation
Authors: Yang Haisong , Chen Tengxiang , Xu Shu , Zhang Shiyong , Zhang Mengmeng
Published: March 2018

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proposed as critical regulators in biological processes, including tumorigenesis. FOXC2-AS1, a single antisense oligonucleotide RNA transcribed from the negative strand
of forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2), has been identified as an oncogene in osteosarcoma. In the present study, we investigated the prognosis value and biological role of FOXC2-AS1 in BC. Our findings revealed that FOXC2-AS1 was significantly increased in BC tissues and cell lines, and Kaplan‐Meier
survival analysis indicated that a high level of FOXC2-AS1 was associated with poor prognosis of BC patients. Loss of function revealed that silenced FOXC2-AS1 significantly suppressed the proliferation ability, and flow cytometric analysis illustrated the influence of FOXC2-AS1 on cell cycle
and apoptosis rate. Finally, we found that cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin D3 were all partly positively modulated by FOXC2-AS1 in BC. Collectively, FOXC2-AS1 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BC patients.
Female Tourism Entrepreneurs in Zanzibar: An Enactment Perspective
Authors: Maliva Nelly , Bulkens Maartje , Peters Karin , van der Duim René
Published: March 2018

Although gender has become an established research topic in tourism studies over the last decades, the role of religion in relation to women participating in tourism has been less explored. Moreover, gender has been mainly discussed from a Western perspective, while other viewpoints
have received little attention. By focusing on women participating in the tourism industry in Zanzibar we make a contribution to both voids in tourism studies. This article provides an account of how Zanzibari women working in tourism are confronted with particular constraints brought about
by the Islamization of Swahili culture. Moreover, it is argued that whereas women find themselves bound up by particular Islamic norms and values, they are able through the enactment of their environments to challenge, negotiate, and resist these. In so doing they create the freedom to make
their own choices, which, as will be shown, reach beyond their labor position. The research findings are discussed in terms of the concept of enactment as proposed by Weick in 1995 and explore the ability of women to participate in the construction of their own environment. The article concludes
by arguing that women enact their environments in diverse ways, and how these environments are understood by them as either constraining or enabling them in taking over agency over their lives.
A Critical Approach to the Gender Wage Gap in Tourism Labor
Authors: Bakas Fiona Eva , Costa Carlos , Breda Zélia , Durão Marília
Published: March 2018

Tourism is a highly gendered industry, with strong horizontal and vertical segregation of occupations and this inevitably contributes to an elevated gender wage gap in comparison to other industries. This article investigates some of the underlying causes of the gender wage gap and
the ways in which gendered stereotypes and gender norms continue to influence tourism labor relations. Challenging the idea that women "choose" to accept lower wages than men as a neoliberalist rationale that has little bearing on reality, this article adopts a feminist economics lens and
investigates how the gender wage gap is created and perpetuated in Portugal's tourism industry through a thematic analysis of tourism managers' narratives from focus groups conducted in 2013 and 2014. Viewing individual choice as a myth, the politico-economic conditions that inform people's
actions according to gender roles they are expected to perform are explored. The most frequent gender equality measure adopted by tourism companies in Portugal is ensuring that remuneration is set according to objective criteria, which demonstrates the perceived importance of eradicating the
gender pay gap. Despite this, thematic analysis of focus group narratives reveals a persisting inequality within tourism labor. These reveal that horizontal segregation, gendered geographical mobility, and the prevalence of men in hierarchical positions contribute to the maintenance of the
gender wage gap in tourism, illustrating a contradiction between the perceived eradication of the gender wage gap and its continuing existence. This article therefore represents an exploration into the ways in which the gender wage gap within tourism is created and maintained.
VOLUME CHANGE BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM TREATED CLAYEY SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH INORGANIC ACIDS – A MICRO LEVEL STUDY
Authors: CHAVALI Rama Vara Prasad , P Hari Prasad Reddy
Published: March 2018

Soils exhibit undesirable volume changes when exposed to high concentrations of acids, which is manifested most frequently in the beds of foundations of industrial establishments associated with their production or use. However, control of this phenomenon has received less attention than it deserves. This paper aims to investigate the mineralogical and micro-structural changes occurred during the volume change behavior of phosphogypsum treated clayey soils contaminated with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions. Oedometer test results showed high swelling and low compressibility for acid contaminated soils than that of water. The change in microstructure towards flocculated fabric along with mineralogical transformations are responsible for the volume changes in soils. The mineralogical changes that affected the volume change behavior are discussed with FT-IR, XRD and SEM analysis. Phosphogypsum treatment was found to be effective in controlling volume changes in soils with phosphoric acid, whereas in the case of sulfuric acid found to be futile.
PREPARATION METHOD OF NZVI-PVDF HYBRID FILMS WITH CATION-EXCHANGE FUNCTION FOR REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATION OF CR(VI)
Authors: WANG Xiangyu , CONG Shan
Published: March 2018

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microporous film was successfully synthesized and functionalized by poly acrylic acid (PAA) for immobilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI). PAA was innovatively introduced onto PVDF film via in situ polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and followed by ion exchange procedure. The as-prepared PAA/PVDF-NZVI hybrids (PPN) were characterized in terms of morphology (SEM) and surface functional groups (FTIR). FTIR spectra confirms the functionalization of PVDF film by coating of PAA within its micropores. And SEM images suggested that NZVI were well immobilized onto the surface of the support. Over the reaction course, the resultant PPN hybrids demonstrated high reactivity, excellent stability and reusability for Cr(VI) removal. Results showed that lower pH and initial concentration facilitated the removal of Cr(VI) by PPN. Compared with bare NZVI, PAA/PVDF film-immobilized NZVI resulted in a lower activation energy for Cr(VI) removal, indicating that Cr(VI) reduction process with PPN is a surfacecontrolled chemical reaction. Moreover, a two-parameter pseudo-first-order model was provided and well-described the reaction kinetics of Cr(VI) over PPN under various conditions.
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION THE EFFECTS OF THE SAFE CONCENTRATION OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING PHENOL ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: BEZVERBNA Olena , ZAŁĘSKA-RADZIWIŁŁ Monika
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the toxicity, determine and verify safe concentration of effluents containing phenol to the aquatic ecosystems on the basis of single- and multispecies ecotoxicological bioassays. Synthetic wastewater imitating municipal sewage showed acute toxicity in relation to all bioindicators and belonged to the third toxicity class. The most sensible organism was Danio rerio, the most resistance organism was Desmodesmus quadricauda. Chronic safe concentration of wastewater containing phenol was 0.63% which corresponded to 0.63 mg/l of phenol. Appointed safe concentration and the one ten times higher than safe were verified in microcosm study, which confirmed that safe concentration did not cause toxic effects. Maximum permissible concentration of phenol in water bodies does not exceed determined concentration in different countries. Proposed research model can be used to determine and verify safe concentrations for aquatic ecosystems of many types of sewage from various industries.
The Lithium Depletion Boundary and the Age of the Hyades Cluster∗
Authors: Martín Eduardo L. , Lodieu Nicolas , Pavlenko Yakiv , Béjar Víctor J. S.
Published: March 2018

Determination of the lithium depletion boundary (LDB), i.e., the observational limit below which the cores of very low-mass objects do not reach high enough temperatures for Li destruction, has been used to obtain ages for several open clusters and stellar associations younger than 200 Myr—which until now has been considered the practical upper limit on the range of applicability of this method. In this work, we show that the LDB method can be extended to significant older ages than previously thought. Intermediate resolution optical spectra of six L-type candidate members in the Hyades cluster obtained using Optical System for Imaging and Low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias are presented. The

670.8 nm resonance doublet is clearly detected only in the two faintest and coolest of these objects, which are classified as L3.5 to L4 brown dwarf (BD) cluster members with luminosities around 10−4 solar. Lithium depletion factors are estimated for our targets with the aid of synthetic spectra and they are compared with predictions from evolutionary models. An LDB age of 650 ± 70 Myr for the Hyades provides a consistent description of our data using a set of state-of-the-art evolutionary models for BDs calculated by Baraffe et al.
An Optical and Infrared Time-domain Study of the Supergiant Fast X-Ray Transient Candidate IC 10 X-2
Authors: Kwan Stephanie , Lau Ryan M. , Jencson Jacob , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Boyer Martha L. , Ofek Eran , Masci Frank , Laher Russ
Published: March 2018

We present an optical and infrared (IR) study of IC 10 X-2, a high-mass X-ray binary in the galaxy IC 10. Previous optical and X-ray studies suggest that X-2 is a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient: a large-amplitude (factor of ∼100), short-duration (hours to weeks) X-ray outburst on 2010 May 21. We analyze R- and g-band light curves of X-2 from the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory taken between 2013 July 15 and 2017 February 14 that show high-amplitude (≳1 mag), short-duration (≲8 days) flares and dips (≳0.5 mag). Near-IR spectroscopy of X-2 from Palomar/TripleSpec show He i, Paschen-γ, and Paschen-β emission lines with similar shapes and amplitudes as those of luminous blue variables (LBVs) and LBV candidates (LBVc). Mid-IR colors and magnitudes from Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera photometry of X-2 resemble those of known LBV/LBVcs. We suggest that the stellar companion in X-2 is an LBV/LBVc and discuss possible origins of the optical flares. Dips in the optical light curve are indicative of eclipses from optically thick clumps formed in the winds of the stellar counterpart. Given the constraints on the flare duration (0.02–0.8 days) and the time between flares (15.1 ± 7.8 days), we estimate the clump volume filling factor in the stellar winds, f

V
, to be

, which overlaps with values measured from massive star winds. In X-2, we interpret the origin of the optical flares as the accretion of clumps formed in the winds of an LBV/LBVc onto the compact object.
Equatorial Magnetohydrodynamic Shallow Water Waves in the Solar Tachocline
Authors: Zaqarashvili Teimuraz
Published: March 2018

The influence of a toroidal magnetic field on the dynamics of shallow water waves in the solar tachocline is studied. A sub-adiabatic temperature gradient in the upper overshoot layer of the tachocline causes significant reduction of surface gravity speed, which leads to trapping of the waves near the equator and to an increase of the Rossby wave period up to the timescale of solar cycles. Dispersion relations of all equatorial magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shallow water waves are obtained in the upper tachocline conditions and solved analytically and numerically. It is found that the toroidal magnetic field splits equatorial Rossby and Rossby-gravity waves into fast and slow modes. For a reasonable value of reduced gravity, global equatorial fast magneto-Rossby waves (with the spatial scale of equatorial extent) have a periodicity of 11 years, matching the timescale of activity cycles. The solutions are confined around the equator between latitudes ±20°–40°, coinciding with sunspot activity belts. Equatorial slow magneto-Rossby waves have a periodicity of 90–100 yr, resembling the observed long-term modulation of cycle strength, i.e., the Gleissberg cycle. Equatorial magneto-Kelvin and slow magneto-Rossby-gravity waves have the periodicity of 1–2 years and may correspond to observed annual and quasi-biennial oscillations. Equatorial fast magneto-Rossby-gravity and magneto-inertia-gravity waves have periods of hundreds of days and might be responsible for observed Rieger-type periodicity. Consequently, the equatorial MHD shallow water waves in the upper overshoot tachocline may capture all timescales of observed variations in solar activity, but detailed analytical and numerical studies are necessary to make a firm conclusion toward the connection of the waves to the solar dynamo.
New nematicidal and antimicrobial secondary metabolites from a new species in the new genus, Pseudobambusicola thailandica
Authors: Rupcic Zeljka , Chepkirui Clara , Hernández-Restrepo Margarita , Crous Pedro , Luangsa-ard Jennifer , Stadler Marc
Published: March 2018

During the course of a study on the functional biodiversity of the mycobiota inhabiting rainforests in Thailand, a fungal strain was isolated from a plant sample and shown to represent an undescribed species, as inferred from a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic methods. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on four DNA loci, revealed a phylogenetic tree with the newly generated sequences clustering in a separate branch, together with members of the Sulcatisporaceae (Pleosporales, Ascomycota). The Thai specimen morphologically resembled Neobambusicolastrelitziae in having pycnidial conidiomata with phialidic conidiogenous cells that produce both fusoid-ellipsoid macroconidia and subcylindrical microconidia. However, the new fungus, for which the name Pseudobambusicolathailandica is proposed, differs from N.strelitziae in having conidiomata with well-defined necks, the presence of globose to subglobose thick-walled cells adjacent to conidiomata and the production of chlamydospores in culture. When cultures of P.thailandica, growing on water agar, were confronted with Caenorhabditiselegans nematodes, worms approaching the fungal mycelia were killed. This observation gave rise to a study of its secondary metabolites and six novel and two known compounds were isolated from submerged cultures of P.thailandica. The structures of metabolites 1–6, for which the trivial names thailanones A–F are proposed, were elucidated using a combination of spectral methods, including extensive 1 and 2D NMR analysis and high resolution mass spectrometry. Compounds 4 and 8 showed strong nematicidal and weak antifungal activity, whereas all other tested compounds showed moderate to weak nematicidal activity but no significant effects in the serial dilution assay against various fungi and bacteria. Compounds 1 and 8 also inhibited growth of the pathogenic basidiomycete Phellinustremulae in a plate diffusion assay.
Re-evaluation of the discriminatory power of DNA barcoding on some specimens of African Cyprinidae (subfamilies Cyprininae and Danioninae)
Authors: Adeoba Mariam I. , Kabongo Ronny , Van der Bank Herman , Yessoufou Kowiyou
Published: March 2018

Specimen identification in the absence of diagnostic morphological characters (e.g., larvae) can be problematic even for experts. The goal of the present study was to assess the performance of COI in discriminating specimens of the fish family Cyprinidae in Africa, and to explore whether COI-phylogeny can be reliably used for phylogenetic comparative analysis. The main objective was to analyse a matrix of COI sequences for 315 specimens from 15 genera of African Cyprinidae using various distance-based identification methods alongside multiple tests of DNA barcode efficacy (barcode gap, species monophyly on NJ tree). Some morphological and biological characters were also mapped on a COI-phylogeny reconstructed using Maximum Parsimony. First, the results indicated the existence of barcode gaps, a discriminatory power of COI ranging from 79 % to 92 %, and that most nodes form well-supported monophyletic clades on an NJ tree. Second, it was found that some morphological and biological characters are clustered on the COI-phylogeny, and this indicates the reliability of these characters for taxonomic discrimination within the family. Put together, our results provide not only an additional support for the COI as a good barcode marker for the African Cyprinidae but it also indicate the utility of COI-based phylogenies for a wide spectrum of ecological questions related to African Cyprinidae.
Six new species of Poeciloderrhis from Brazil (Blattaria: Blaberidae) with a new record and a new combination
Authors: de Oliveira Cardoso da Silva Leonardo , Lopes Sonia Maria
Published: March 2018

In this contribution six new species of Poeciloderrhis Stål, 1874 are described: P.aureolatus sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), P.mediansclerostylatus sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), P.diamantinensis sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Mato Grosso State), P.itatiaiensis sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), P.vanzolinii sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), and P.penduloides sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State). The genus is recorded for the first time from the state of Rondônia, Brazil based on P.diamantinensis sp. nov. A new combination is proposed for Poeciloderrhisbicolorata Rocha e Silva & Lopes, 1977 that is transferred to Epilampra Burmeister, 1838. For specific delimation, the tergal modification in the abdomen, the genital plates and their respective structures were analyzed. A key for males including all species of Poeciloderrhis is also given.
Enrichment of Cinta Senese burgers with omega-3 fatty acids. Effect of type of addition and storage conditions on quality characteristics
Authors: Aquilani C. , Pérez-Palacios T. , Sirtori F. , Jiménez-Martín E. , Antequera T. , Franci O. , Acciaioli A. , Bozzi R. , Pugliese C.
Published: March 2018

The most beneficial omega-3 PUFAs to human health, EPA and DHA fatty acids, are typically present in fish products, but extraneous to meat. Therefore, Cinta Senese pork burgers were added with microencapsulated (M) and bulk fish oil (F) and subjected to three storage conditions: no storage (T0), chilled (T5) and frozen storage (T30). The physico-chemical and sensory attributes of raw and cooked burgers were investigated. After storage and cooking, EPA and DHA were better preserved in M burgers than in F samples, which showed the highest TBAR values at T0 and T5, while M samples presented scores similar to the control. Panelists observed differences mainly in greasy appearance, odor intensity and cooked meat odor and flavor. The M group showed the best scores at T5 with respect to the control and F burgers. So, fish oil microencapsulation was an effective method to prevent EPA and DHA oxidation while respecting burger quality characteristics.
Effect of carotenoids, extracted from dry tomato waste, on the stability and characteristics of various vegetable oils
Authors: Nour V. , Corbu A. R. , Rotaru P. , Karageorgou I. , Lalas S.
Published: March 2018

In this study, various vegetable oils were enriched with carotenoids originating from dry tomato waste using ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and maceration. Analyses of total carotenoids, color and oxidative stability (determined by free radical scavenger activity, peroxide value, Rancimat method and DSC analysis) were carried out. Commercial oils without enrichment were used for comparison. The results showed that the carotenoid contents of the oils increased significantly by increasing incorporation of dry tomato waste. Also, maceration proved to extract significantly higher amounts of these compounds. In some oils the extraction of dry tomato waste improved their oxidative and thermal stability while in others it caused an increase in the peroxide value and a decrease in induction time. Finally, the color parameters of the oils were significantly influenced. Enriched oils could be a potential source of bioactive compounds and might have significant antioxidant activity when ingested as part of a dietary regime.
Effect of season on the fatty acid profile of total lipids, phospholipids and triacylglycerols in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Atatürk Dam Lake, Turkey)
Authors: Kaçar S. , Başhan M. , Oymak S. A.
Published: March 2018

The present study investigated the lipid content and FA profiles of total lipids, phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG) of Mastacembelus mastacembelus from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey). The results showed that the total lipid content of the dorsal muscle varied seasonally from 0.50% to 3.59%. Wide ranges of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (36.21 to 50.52%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (25.22 to 42.02%) were found in the PL fraction. However, higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (37.63 to 45.07%) and SFA (34.71 to 38.82%) were found in TAG (triacylglycerol). The ratios of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFA ranged from 0.65 to 1.32 and 1.07 to 3.48 in PL (phospholipid) and TAG fraction, respectively.

The results also showed that the major components were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1ω-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1ω-7), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5ω-3) in total lipid, C16:0, C18:1ω-9, AA and DHA in PL, C16:0, C16:1ω-7, C18:1ω-9, linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6), and DHA in TAG extracted from the muscle of M. mastacembelus in all seasons.
Computational Analysis of Reverse Transcriptase Resistance to Inhibitors in HIV-1
Authors: Unissa Ameeruddin Nusrath , Hanna Luke Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a vital enzyme in the process of transcription of HIV-1. The nucleoside analogues of RT inhibitors (NRTIs) act by substrate competition and chain termination as they resemble a nucleotide. To understand the basis of RT resistance in HIV-1, in this chapter, one of the clinically essential mutants Q151M of RT which exhibits multi-resistance to many NRTIs was modeled and docked with NRTIs in comparison to wild type (WT). The results of docking indicate that the WT showed high affinity with all inhibitors compared to the mutant (MT). It can be suggested that the high affinity in WT could be attributed to the favorable interactions with all inhibitors that lacks in MT due to amino acid substitution that leads to structural changes in MT protein, which alters the favorable network of interaction and eventually imparts resistance to all inhibitors.
Pollution and Renewable Energy
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2018

This chapter presents the overview of pollution; the issues of soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution; the aspects of renewable energy; energy security and energy imports; and renewable energy policy and renewable energy policy instruments. Pollution is one of the most important environmental, social, and health issues in the world. Pollution creates many diseases and causes death of many people across the globe. The environmental damage caused by pollution can reach catastrophic proportions and destroy entire ecosystems leading to the death of many species and a big biodiversity loss. Renewable energy is a critical part of reducing global carbon emissions and the pace of investment has greatly increased as the cost of technologies fall and efficiency continues to rise. Renewable energy offers a wide variety of different options to choose from as countries can choose between sun, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, and water resources.
Cultural Identity Preservation Through Social Media
Authors: Bilge Nurhayat
Published: March 2018

This chapter explores cultural identity negotiation on social media for a specific refugee group. Previous research indicates the importance of a sense of community and cultural preservation in regards to establishing and maintaining a cultural identity for this specific group. The group, Meskhetian Turks, is an example of ethnic identity and an established ethnicity through shared history and struggle. This chapter focuses on the virtual implications of the group's identity in social media. More specifically, it explores how social media platforms serve as a cultural unifier, where cultural identity is maintained and perpetuated in the face of an unattainable physical homeland.
Online Ethnic Media Consumption, Acculturation, and Enculturation Among Asian Americans
Authors: Wang Kevin Y.
Published: March 2018

This chapter discusses a study that examines the extent to which Asian American individuals' acculturation, enculturation, and demographic background contribute to their use of online ethnic media, as well as the extent to which Asian American individuals with different ethnic self-identities may differ in their online ethnic media consumption. Data for this study is drawn from a survey questionnaire (N = 574) conducted 2015, with respondents representing different immigrant generational status from multiple Asian ethnic groups in the United States. Results broadly highlight the influence role of acculturation and enculturation behind online ethnic media consumption and contribute to a greater understanding of the Asian American experience in the digital and globalized media environment. Implications and recommendations for future studies are discussed.
Social Media and Infectious Disease Perceptions in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Villar Maria Elena , Marsh Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

Mass media is recognized in health communication as a gatekeeper, alerting the public to what is important with a focus on accuracy and relevancy. This is done through media framing, by which mass media sets the tone through which the public will view the message. Social media has emerged as a force in health communication with the same potential for media framing as mass media; however, with social media there is no formal gatekeeper. Looking at two major disease outbreaks, Ebola and Zika, this chapter examines the influence and effect of social media on health communication. The Zika outbreak in Miami was examined with social listening methods to determine both the effect of mass media on social media and of social media on the effectiveness of traditional health communication outlets to spread their message. The authors conclude that social media is both an asset and a liability during disease outbreaks, and its effect depends on audiences' cultural attitudes and trust toward authorities and the media.
Big Data Analytics Tools and Platform in Big Data Landscape
Authors: Imran Mohd , Ahamad Mohd Vasim , Haque Misbahul , Shoaib Mohd
Published: March 2018

The term big data analytics refers to mining and analyzing of the voluminous amount of data in big data by using various tools and platforms. Some of the popular tools are Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, HBase, Storm, Grid Gain, HPCC, Casandra, Pig, Hive, and No SQL, etc. These tools are used depending on the parameter taken for big data analysis. So, we need a comparative analysis of such analytical tools to choose best and simpler way of analysis to gain more optimal throughput and efficient mining. This chapter contributes to a comparative study of big data analytics tools based on different aspects such as their functionality, pros, and cons based on characteristics that can be used to determine the best and most efficient among them. Through the comparative study, people are capable of using such tools in a more efficient way.
Harnessing Collective Intelligence Through Pattern Mining in Social Computational Systems
Authors: Awal Gaganmeet Kaur , Bharadwaj K. K.
Published: March 2018

Due to the digital nature of the web, the social web mimics the real-world social dynamics that manifest themselves as data and can be easily mined as patterns, making the web a fertile ground for business and research-oriented analytical applications. Collective intelligence (CI) is a multifaceted field with roots in sociology, biology, and many other disciplines. Various manifestations of CI support the successful existence of large-scale social systems. This chapter gives an overview of the principles of CI and the concept of “wisdom of crowds” and highlights how to maximize the potential of big data analytics for CI. Also, various techniques and approaches have been described that leverage these CI concepts across a diverse range of ever-evolving social systems for commercial business applications like influence mining, expertise discovery, etc.
Meaning and Concept of Peace Leadership
Authors: Schellhammer Erich P.
Published: March 2018

The last 30 years witnessed a major development of leadership theory. There is now a wide variety of leadership styles available for leaders that are distinct from the previous paradigm of authoritarian leadership. The chapter intends to present the most popular leadership orientations and analyzes their capabilities for a culture of peace. Thus, conscious leadership modelled after Ubuntu leadership, authentic leadership, transformational leadership, servant leadership, charismatic leadership among others are analyzed to identify peace leadership components. This analysis will at least reveal two peace leadership principles. One is a vision of the leader that corresponds to the vision of a culture of peace as it has been developed by the United Nations. The other is a set of core values a peace leader needs to be effective in influencing followers to actualize a culture of peace. The chapter concludes by briefly describing the tool box of a leader to stay on course such as the practice of mindfulness and awareness of neuroplasticity.
Regional Political Leadership and Policy Integration in Great Lakes Region of Africa
Authors: Ilunga Yvan Yenda
Published: March 2018

For the past two decades, following the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the Great Lakes Region of Africa has become a conflict-ridden zone marked by mass violations of human rights and political instabilities. Part of these instabilities and violence is due to the lack of strong and stable political leadership and institutions in many of the countries in the region. In 1996, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was plagued by the uprising of the rebel movement called the Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre. This movement was a coalition of Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda, along with Congolese people. However, the AFDL victory was short-lived since the coalition parties broke up their alliance in 1998, which led to a new cycle of conflict which continued to destabilize the DRC to date with its Eastern provinces being most affected. In addition to conflict within the DRC, political instability and crisis of legitimacy of political leadership in South Sudan, Burundi, and the Central African Republic have also exacerbated the instability in the region. In this chapter, the author argues that peace and stability in the Great Lakes Region of Africa would depend on how best several facets of policies are integrated into one operational framework for peace and stability.
Research Tools and Methods for the Analysis of Microbiota in Dairy Products
Authors: Klaubauf Sylvia , Segers Frank J. J.
Published: March 2018

Microorganisms play important roles in dairy products. They can be a source of spoilage, or they promote health or cause diseases. In dairy fermentations, microorganisms are of great importance due to their function as starter cultures and during the production process of dairy products. In order to better understand and improve the process, it is essential to identify the species that are involved and to monitor the development of microbial communities. There are several different approaches for the detection and analysis of the microbiota. The methods can be culture dependent and, for example, make use of morphological and physiological characters or DNA sequencing. Culture-independent methods include direct PCR and qPCR, but also electrophoresis-based profiling techniques as well as metagenomics. Descriptions of relevant methods are provided and their applications are discussed in this chapter.
Transglutaminase Applications in Dairy Technology
Authors: Akal H. Ceren , Koçak Celalettin , Özer H. Barbaros
Published: March 2018

Consumers' expectations from a dairy product have changed dramatically during the last two decades. People are now more eager to purchase more nutritious dairy foods with improved sensory characteristics. Dairy industry has made many efforts to meet such expectations and numerious production strategies and alternatives have been developed over the years including non-thermal processing, membrane applications, enzymatic modifications of milk components, and so on. Among these novel approaches, transglutaminase (TG)-mediated modifications of milk proteins have become fairly popular and such modifications in dairy proteins offer many advantages to the dairy industry. Since late 1980s, a great number of researches have been done on TG applications in milk and dairy products. Especially, milk proteins-based edible films and gels from milk treated with TG have found many application fields at industrial level. This chapter reviews the characteristics of microbial-origin TG as well as its mode of action and recent developments in TG applications in dairy technology.
Microbial Production of Recombinant Rennet
Authors: Ogel Zumrut Begum
Published: March 2018

Rennet, traditionally obtained from calves, is non-vegeterian and unethical due to the slaughter of unweaned animals. Chymosin is highly specific to the Phe105-Met106 bond of κ-casein and has low proteolytic activity. Microbial aspartic proteases can partly replace chymosin. However, recombinant DNA technology has allowed chymosin itself to be produced by bacteria, yeast, and molds. Not only rennet from calf, but from animals like goat kid, lamb, buffalo, camel, and others can be used in cheesemaking. Chymosins of these animals can be cloned and successfully expressed in microorganisms and can be employed in the production of novel as well as traditional cheese products from the milk of camel, goat, and even horse and donkey. This chapter outlines the recombinant DNA techniques applied over the past few years to improve the microbial production of recombinant rennet, from animals and plants.
Filamentous Fungi in Cheese Production
Authors: Metin Banu
Published: March 2018

Filamentous fungi play important roles in the production of a variety of cheeses. The most famous are the blue cheeses, such as Roquefort or Gorgonzola, in which Penicillium roqueforti is the principal mold, and the moldy soft cheeses, such as Camembert or Brie, in which production involves Penicillium camemberti. There are also other filamentous fungi associated with certain types of cheeses, such as Mucor spp., Trichothecium roseum, and Fusarium domesticum in Saint Nectaire, Sporendonema casei in Cantal, Salers and Rodez cheeses, Scopulariopsis species in various French and Austrian cheeses, and Mucor mucedo and Mucor racemosus in the traditional Norwegian cheese Gamalost. These fungi are either inoculated on the cheese as a starter culture or stand out in mixed cultures during spontaneous fermentation. This chapter reviews the filamentous fungi used to produce different kinds of cheeses in terms of taxonomy, physiology, ecology, and mycotoxins, and the microbiological or biochemical effects of these fungi on cheese production.
Classification and Visualization of Alarm Data Based on Heterogeneous Distance
Authors: Zhao Boxu , Luo Guiming
Published: March 2018

Alarm classification and visualization of historical data is significant and sophisticated in the area of smart management in telecom network due to alarm flood and propagation. In this article, we propose a heterogeneous distance to compute the similarity distance matrix of alarms, which is applied to alarm classification. By using Multidimensional Scaling, alarm data in high dimension is translated into a 2-dimensional graph in alarm windows. Then alarm attention and relation are clearly shown by comparing current and past alarms. Experiments show MDS based on the heterogeneous distance has a better classifying effect than other distance measures. The case study demonstrates the method can show alarm correlation easily and help to locate faults when applied to the analysis of telecom alarm data.
Corporate Information Security Investment Decisions
Authors: Schatz Daniel , Bashroush Rabih
Published: March 2018

This article describes how with information security steadily moving up on board room agendas, security programs are found to be under increasing scrutiny by practitioners. This level of attention by senior business leaders is new to many security professionals as their field has been of limited interest to non-executive directors so far. Currently, they have to regularly report on efficiency and value of their security capabilities whilst being measured against business priorities. Based on the Grounded Theory approach, the authors analysed the data gathered in a series of interviews with senior professionals in order to identify key factors in the context of information security investment decisions. The authors present detailed findings in context of a simplified framework that security practitioners can utilise for critical review or improvements of investment decisions in their own environments. Extensive details for each category as extracted through a qualitative data analysis are provided along with a category network analysis that highlights strong relationships within the framework.
A Systematic Snapshot of Small Packaged Software Vendors' Enterprises
Authors: Tamimi Moutasm , Jebreen Issam
Published: March 2018

This article describes how small packaged software vendors' enterprises (SPSVEs) have played a massive role in a software environment and contributed dramatically to economies. The purpose of this article is to investigate and categorize the most recent of literature addressing small packaged software vendors' enterprises through a systematic snapshot research in order to identify current research topics and highlight some areas needing more consideration. The pattern of the authors' systematic approach is based on developing a classification scheme which targets a collection of papers published within the period of 2007-2017. The authors analysed one hundred and one papers from peer-reviewed conferences, journals, and workshops to examine the current state of SPSVE's research in order to provide systematic snapshot mapping (SSM) that includes the small packaged software life cycle, research methods used, and country of study. The systematic snapshot of 101 papers reveals that the majority of the literature has focused on the planning and implementation phases of SPSVEs. Figuring out a new model of packaged software life-cycle in SMEs will occur by applying the model of categorizations with regard to the life cycle with its factors and sub factors. Moreover, it will contribute to finding research methods, regions, top ten citation, articles type classifications, and other kinds of classifications. This research is targeted to small packaged software vendors' enterprises (SPSVEs). The authors' finding is intended for software research areas more than economic research areas. This article has presented a high degree of benefits in order to assist researchers in evidence-based decision making in terms of investigating hot research areas in line with the small packaged software vendors' enterprises (SPSVEs).
Sentiment Recognition in Customer Reviews Using Deep Learning
Authors: Jain Vinay Kumar , Kumar Shishir , Mahanti Prabhat
Published: March 2018

Deep learning has become popular in all aspect related to human judgments. Most machine learning techniques work well which includes text classification, text sequence learning, sentiment analysis, question-answer engine, etc. This paper has been focused on two objectives, firstly is to study the applicability of deep neural networks strategies for extracting sentiment present in social media data and customer reviews with effective training solutions. The second objective is to design deep networks that can be trained with these weakly supervised strategies in order to predict meaningful inferences. This paper presents the concept and steps of using deep learning for extraction sentiments from customer reviews. The extraction pulls out the features from the customer reviews using deep learning popular methods including Convolution neural networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures. The comparison of the results with tradition text classification method such as Naive Bayes(NB) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) using two data sets IMDB reviews and Amazon customer reviews have been presented. This work mainly focused on investigating the merit of using deep models for sentiment analysis in customer reviews.
Particle Swarm Optimization as Applied to Electromagnetic Design Problems
Authors: Goudos Sotirios K. , Zaharis Zaharias D. , Baltzis Konstantinos B.
Published: March 2018

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligence algorithm inspired by the social behavior of birds flocking and fish schooling. Numerous PSO variants have been proposed in the literature for addressing different problem types. In this article, the authors apply different PSO variants to common design problems in electromagnetics. They apply the Inertia Weight PSO (IWPSO), the Constriction Factor PSO (CFPSO), and the Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO) algorithms to real-valued optimization problems, i.e. microwave absorber design, and linear array synthesis. Moreover, the authors use discrete PSO optimizers such as the binary PSO (binPSO) and the Boolean PSO with a velocity mutation (BPSO-vm) in order to solve discrete-valued optimization problems, i.e. patch antenna design. Additionally, the authors apply and compare binPSO with different transfer functions to thinning array design problems. In the case of a multi-objective optimization problem, they apply two multi-objective PSO variants to dual-band base station antenna optimization for mobile communications. Namely, these are the Multi-Objective PSO (MOPSO) and the Multi-Objective PSO with Fitness Sharing (MOPSO-fs) algorithms. Finally, the authors conclude the paper by providing a discussion on future trends and the conclusion.
Developing a Participatory Approach to Accessible Design
Authors: Laitano María Inés
Published: March 2018

This article describes how accessibility to ICTs is understood as conformity to standards, which usually ends in designs that do not consider the singularities of people. This article delves into a participatory approach to accessible design, as an alternative to design guided simply by standards. It first defines a relevant network of stakeholders for accessible participatory design, based on the expertise that each of them can provide. It then discusses the issue of consensus among stakeholders, necessary to make design decisions when there are conflicting views. Finally, it addresses the question of non-technological outcomes and methodological concerns of Participatory Design that should inspire the accessible design agenda.
Standardization of 5G Mobile Networks
Authors: Harborth David , Pohl Maurice
Published: March 2018

According to Rahim Tafazolli from the University of Surrey, users can expect the “perception of infinite capacity” from the future of mobile networks. The fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G, is expected to be released in 2020 and steps up to fulfill various expectations. This article systematically reviews existing research on standardization of 5G and provides an outlook on how to continue best in the future. The review of existing literature shows areas in standardization research, like standardization from a user's perspective, that are rarely covered. In the second part, the focus shifts towards specific publications of relevant standardization organizations and stakeholders for the 5G standardization. By matching the current status of the 5G standardization with historical success factors derived in the first part, this research shows that the standardization process of 5G is on a good way but acknowledges that there is much work to do in the future.
A Fine-Grained Stateful Data Analytics Method Based on Resilient State Table
Authors: Ge Jike , He Wenbo , Chen Zuqin , Liu Can , Peng Jun , Chen Guorong
Published: March 2018

This article describes how stateful data analytic frameworks have emerged to provide fresh and low-latency results for big data processing. At present, it is desired to achieve the fine-grained data model in Spark data processing framework. However, Spark adopts coarse-grained data model in order to facilitate parallelization, it is challenging in dealing with the fine-grained data access in stateful data analytics. In this paper, the authors introduce a fine-grained stateful data component, Resilient State Table (RST), to Spark framework. For filling the gap between the coarse-grained data model in Spark and the fine-grained data access requirements in stateful data analytics, they devise the programming model of RST which interacts with Spark's coarse-grained memory representation seamlessly, and enable users to query/update the state entries in fine granularity with Spark-like programming interfaces. Performance evaluation experiments in various application fields demonstrate that their proposed solution achieves the improvements in latency, fault-tolerance, as well as scalability.