bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trophic fingerprint of fish communities in subtropical floodplain lakes
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Huan , Wu Gongguo , Zhang Peiyu , Xu Jun
Published: January 2013

Stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) and gut content analysis are commonly used to detect trophic relationships in aquatic systems. Nonetheless, the use of δ15N in determining the suitability of quantitative and qualitative dietary data as representations of trophic relationships in lake ecosystems remains unverified. Quantitative and qualitative dietary data on 46 fish species were obtained from field surveys in the floodplain lakes of the Yangtze Plain to calculate trophic position and benthivory. Dietary measures using the stable isotope approach were validated. The dietary approach yields comparable results in detecting trophic relationships in lake ecosystems. Our estimation of the benthivory of the 46 fish species ranged from 1.5% to 100%, with an average of 60.3%. These figures support the assumption that benthic energy pathways account for more than half of total fish consumption. Our feeding guild data confirm that more than 50% (including 25 species) of the studied fish species in the floodplain lakes of the Yangtze Plain are omnivorous, suggesting that omnivory is prevalent among subtropical floodplain lakes.
Syndecan‐1 modulates β‐integrin‐dependent and interleukin‐6‐dependent functions in breast cancer cell adhesion, migration, and resistance to irradiation
Authors: Hassan Hebatallah , Greve Burkhard , Pavao Mauro S. G. , Kiesel Ludwig , Ibrahim Sherif A. , Götte Martin
Published: January 2013

Syndecan‐1 is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan with various biological functions relevant to tumor progression and inflammation, including cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix interaction, and cytokine signaling driving cell proliferation and motility. Syndecan‐1 is a prognostic factor in breast cancer, and has a predicitive value for neodadjuvant chemotherapy. It is still poorly understood how syndecan‐1 integrates matrix‐dependent and cytokine‐dependent signaling processes in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we evaluated the potential role of syndecan‐1 in modulating matrix‐dependent breast cancer cell migration in the presence of interleukin‐6, and its potential involvement in resistance to irradiation in vitro. MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells were transiently transfected with syndecan‐1 small interfering RNA or control reagents, and this was followed by stimulation with interleukin‐6 or irradiation. Cellular responses were monitored by adhesion, migration and colony formation assays, as well as analysis of cell signaling. Syndecan‐1 depletion increased cell adhesion to fibronectin. Increased migration on fibronectin was significantly suppressed by interleukin‐6, and GRGDSP peptides inhibited both adhesion and migration. Interleukin‐6‐induced activation of focal adhesion kinase and reduction of constitutive nuclear factor kappaB signaling were decreased in syndecan‐1‐deficient cells. Focal adhesion kinase hyperactivation in syndecan‐1‐depleted cells was associated with dramatically reduced radiation sensitivity. We conclude that loss of syndecan‐1 leads to enhanced activation of β1‐integrins and focal adhesion kinase, thus increasing breast cancer cell adhesion, migration, and resistance to irradiation. Syndecan‐1 deficiency also attenuates the modulatory effect of the inflammatory microenvironment constituent interleukin‐6 on cancer cell migration.
Modulation of bacterial ghosts – induced nitric oxide production in macrophages by bacterial ghost‐delivered resveratrol
Authors: Koller Verena J. , Dirsch Verena M. , Beres Hortenzia , Donath Oliver , Reznicek Gottfried , Lubitz Werner , Kudela Pavol
Published: January 2013

The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of resveratrol (RV) delivered into macrophages by bacterial ghosts (BGs), representing intact empty nonliving envelopes of Gram‐negative bacteria, to modulate nitric oxide (NO) production related to the presence of the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns on the surface of BGs. Incubation of the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with BGs leads to a dose‐dependent activation of inducible NO synthase. To modify BG‐induced NO formation in RAW 264.7 cells by RV; BGs were loaded with RV (RV‐BGs) and incubated with murine macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner. RV‐BGs delivering RV to the target macrophages significantly reduced BG‐induced NO production with concentration of RV more than one order of magnitude lower than the amount of RV capable of reducing NO formation when applied directly. Moreover, no cytotoxic impact of BGs on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells added to macrophages alone or loaded with RV was detected after a mutual 24 h incubation, whereas cell viability slightly decreased (~ 10%) when RV concentrations of 30 μm alone were applied. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicate that the intracellular delivery of RV by BGs significantly enhances the total RV effect.
Co‐Relationships between glandular salivary flow rates and dental caries
Authors: Diaz de Guillory Carolina , Schoolfield John D. , Johnson Dorthea , Yeh Chih‐Ko , Chen Shuo , Cappelli David P. , Bober‐Moken Irene G. , Dang Howard
Published: January 2013

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate the relationship of age, gender, ethnicity and salivary flow rates on dental caries in an adult population using data collected from the Oral Health San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (OH: SALSA).

Background

Saliva is essential to maintain a healthy oral environment and diminished output can result in dental caries. Although gender and age play a role in the quantity of saliva, little is known about the interaction of age, gender and ethnicity on dental caries and salivary flow rates.

Materials and methods

Data from the 1147 participants in the OH: SALSA were analysed. The dependent variables were the number of teeth with untreated coronal caries, number of teeth with root caries and the number of coronal and root surfaces with untreated caries. The independent variables were stimulated and unstimulated glandular salivary flow rates along with the age, sex and ethnicity (e.g. European or Mexican ancestry) of the participants.

Results

Coronal caries experience was greater in younger participants while root surface caries experience was greater in the older participants. Coronal caries was lower in the older age groups while the root caries experience increased. Men had a statistically significant (p < 0.02) higher experience of root caries than women. Values for unstimulated and stimulated parotid salivary flow rates showed no age difference and remained constant with age, whereas the age differences in the unstimulated and stimulated submandibular/sublingual salivary flow rates were significant. The mean number of teeth with coronal and root caries was higher in Mexican‐Americans than in European‐Americans.

Conclusions

Over one‐fourth of the adults between the ages of 60 and 79 have untreated root caries over one‐third having untreated coronal caries. Lower salivary flow rates play a significant role in both the number of teeth and the number of surfaces developing caries in these adults. Women and individuals of European‐American ancestry experience less caries.
Review of the Drosophila (Drosophila) quadrisetata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Oriental Region
Authors: Suwito Awit , Watabe Hideaki , Toda Masanori J.
Published: January 2013

A review of the Drosophila (Drosophila) quadrisetata species group is provided on the basis of samples collected from tropical to warm–temperate areas of the Oriental Region and the collection records so far accumulated for all known species. Three new species, D. (D.) aotsukai Suwito & Watabe sp. nov., D. (D.) rinjaniensis Suwito & Watabe sp. nov. and D. (D.) sundaensis Suwito & Watabe sp. nov., are described, and new distribution records and supplementary, revised descriptions are given for known species. A multiple‐entry key, based on a character database, to all species of this species group is constructed and uploaded to the Internet.
Use of the Expanded Panel of BXD Mice Narrow QTL Regions in Ethanol‐Induced Locomotor Activation and Motor Incoordination
Authors: DuBose Candis S. , Chesler Elissa J. , Goldowitz Dan , Hamre Kristin M.
Published: January 2013

Background

Alcohol‐related responses are under strong genetic regulation. A wealth of alcohol‐related data from recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains enables genetic correlation and mapping of these traits. Previous studies using RI strains have identified numerous chromosomal locations that underlie differential alcohol sensitivity, although the regions identified are typically large. One means to improve power and precision for genetic analysis is to use a larger genetic reference population. The expanded panel of BXD RI mice was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with sensitivity to locomotor stimulatory and motor incoordinating effects of alcohol. The goals of this study were to determine whether previously reported QTLs were replicated and refined and to determine whether novel QTLs would be identified.

Methods

Following an i.p. dose of 2.25 g/kg of ethanol (EtOH) or saline control, locomotor activation was assessed using an activity chamber and motor incoordination was assessed using the accelerating rotarod. Male and female BXD mice from over 55 strains were tested. Two treatment paradigms were utilized to evaluate the effects of EtOH versus saline treatment‐order.

Results

Activity chamber measures showed significant differences in strain, sex, and treatment‐order whereas rotarod measures showed significant differences in strain and treatment‐order. Significant QTLs for various measures of EtOH‐induced locomotor activation were identified on chromosomes 2 and 5 that narrowed QTL regions previously identified from 19 to < 2 Mb. Further, a novel significant QTL for EtOH‐induced motor incoordination on chromosome 7 was identified.

Conclusions

Using the expanded RI BXD panel, along with a high precision marker map, several novel QTLs were found and several previously identified QTL regions were confirmed and narrowed. The isogenic nature of the population facilitated detection of treatment‐order and sex‐specific differences. Smaller QTL regions reduced the number of positional candidates thereby increasing the efficiency with which polymorphisms underlying the QTL will be identified.
The Effect of Constraining the Intensity of Solar Radiation on the Photosynthesis, Growth, Yield and Product Quality of Tomato
Authors: Kläring H.‐P. , Krumbein A.
Published: January 2013

Recent studies propose the combination of electrical energy and plant production, in which often only radiation peaks were used for energy production. Then, the effect on plant growth is assumed to be negligible. However, photosynthesis is known to be a monotonically increasing function of radiation. We studied the response of tomato to constraining the intensity of solar radiation. Tomato crops in greenhouse compartments were shaded when the outside photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) exceeded 640 and 1280 μmol m−2 s−1, resulting in a 57 % and 34 % reduction in the PPFD integral over the growing period compared to the non‐shaded control. Constraining the intensity of solar radiation significantly reduced photosynthesis, growth and yield of tomato plants. Model‐derived estimates of reduction in crop dry matter increment were 50 % and 28 % for the strongly and moderately PPFD constrained crops. However, measured plant dry matter increment decreased only by 31 % and 19 %, respectively, that is, light use efficiency increased markedly. This indicates a strong adaptation of the plant's metabolism to cope with the limitation in light availability such as increasing the specific leaf area and reducing respiration. Surprisingly, this was only of little concern to the fruit quality, because no effect of constraining PPFD on the concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruits could be observed. The concentration of titratable acids was significantly increased, however, when constraining PPFD, while ß‐carotene was slightly decreased. When combining plant and energy production, yield reductions in systems that reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiances will be less considerable than in systems that permanently shade the crop. However, yield losses in tomato production remain significant in both system types.
Effects of Different Edible Coatings in Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Minimally Processed Peaches (Prunus persicaL. Batsch)
Authors: Pizato Sandriane , Cortez‐Vega William Renzo , de Souza Juliana Tais Andreghetto , Prentice‐Hernández Carlos , Borges Caroline Dellinghausen
Published: January 2013

The present work aimed at evaluating the effects of tara gum, xanthan and sodium alginate as edible coatings in physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of minimally processed peaches. Peaches from Granada cultivar were peeled, cut into cubes and immersed in the solutions with the respective treatment. Four treatments were used. The minimally processed peaches were packed in PET packaging and stored at 4 ± 1C for 12 days. Physical and physicochemical analyses were performed, including mass loss, firmness (N), color (L*, a*, b* and Hue angle), pH, soluble solids (°Brix), and microbiological evaluations of psychotrophic microorganisms and mold and yeast. The treatment with tara gum associated to citric and ascorbic acids and sodium chloride presented the best results. Tara gum allowed a reduction of mass loss, firmness maintenance, lower color alteration and lower growth of molds and yeasts. Therefore, this gum presents potential for application as edible coating.

Practical Applications

Fresh‐cut peaches are appreciated worldwide for their exotic flavor and nutritional composition. However, their shelf life is limited by changes in color, texture, appearance and microbial growth. An alternative to try to minimize the losses and increase the shelf life of this product is the use of edible coatings, maintaining the quality parameters of fresh fruit. Tara gum is a cheap gum that has not been used as coating on minimally processed fruit, and in this work, this gum showed significant results in the quality of fresh‐cut peaches for a longer time. It can be considered useful to the minimal processing industry and used as an alternative to fast food and other ready‐to‐eat products, attending the demand for healthy and convenient foodstuffs.
Prevalence of Yeast Other than Candida albicans in Denture Wearers
Authors: Cavaleiro Inês , Proença Luis , Félix Sérgio , Salema‐Oom Madalena
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The isolation of yeast species other than Candida albicans from the oral mucosa has been increasing in frequency, suggesting that those may constitute emerging potential oral colonizers. The purpose of this work was to determine whether yeast species other than C. albicans are associated with factors related to wearing of dental prostheses.

Materials and Methods

tRNA‐PCR fingerprinting and sequencing of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain were used to identify all yeasts isolated from CHROMagar™ Candida cultures of oral swabs collected from 178 patients.

Results

Besides C. albicans, 13 other species were identified, corresponding to 34% of the yeast isolates. The majority of the non‐C. albicans species were not detected as single colonizers but rather in co‐colonization with one or two other yeasts, often with C. albicans. No significant associations were found with non‐C. albicans species. On the contrary, the best‐fitted logistic regression model predicts that either wearing a denture (adjusted odds = 4.6) or insufficient oral hygiene (adjusted odds = 2.3) are risks for colonization by yeast, in general.

Conclusions

The colonization with non‐C. albicans species and co‐colonization were not independently associated with any of the analyzed host‐related factors. In particular, neither wearing a removable denture nor being elderly were significant predictors.
The development of a mother's internal working model of feeding
Authors: Brown Lisa F. , Griffin Junyanee , Reyna Barbara , Lewis Mary
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to describe changes in a mother's early internal working model of infant feeding.

Design and Methods

In this qualitative study, 12 maternal responses to the semi‐structured internal working model interview were audio‐recorded, once in the neonatal intensive care unit after infants began oral feeding and once 2 weeks post‐discharge. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results

A change between mothers' early and later nipple feeding experiences was identified.

Practice Implications

Nurses and other clinicians can help mothers understand the infant's behaviors and focus on the infant's nutritional intake while simultaneously developing a relationship with the infant.
Retinal Pulse Wave Velocity in Young Male Normotensive and Mildly Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Kotliar Konstantin , Hanssen Henner , Eberhardt Karla , Vilser Walthard , Schmaderer Christoph , Halle Martin , Heemann Uwe , Baumann Marcus
Published: January 2013

Objective

Hypertension is characterized by microvascular remodeling resulting in increased wall/lumen ratio and elevated microvascular stiffness. Aiming to transform the measurement of macrovascular stiffness into a microvascular environment we introduce a noninvasive method to assess rPWV. rPWV alterations in early hypertension are investigated in detail. The developed methodology is compared with its possible computational alternatives.

Methods

Time dependent alterations of retinal arterial diameter were assessed noninvasively by the DVA in 65 male normoalbuminuric normotensive to mildly hypertensive subjects (age: 28.7 ± 6.0 years). rPWV was computed using three different methods. “Method 1” used filtration at HR, “Method 2” filtered at higher HR multiples, and “Method 3” used in addition, linear fit for data averaging.

Results

“Method 2” and “Method 3” applying filtration at high HR multiples showed strong associations with systolic BP throughout the cohort (r = 0.49, r = 0.63, p < 0.001). Based on the highest association, “Method 3” was proposed to characterize rPWV. Hypertensive patients showed higher rPWV (1243 ± 694 RU/sec) than subjects with high‐normal BP (786 ± 486 RU/sec, p < 0.01) or normotensive subjects (442 ± 148 RU/sec, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

rPWV demonstrated a strong association with BP and can discriminate between optimal, high‐normal, and mildly hypertensive BP values. rPWV may add detailed insights into early microvascular pathophysiology, potentially beyond microalbuminuria.
Long tail fibres of the novel broad‐host‐range T‐even bacteriophage S16 specifically recognize SalmonellaOmpC
Authors: Marti Roger , Zurfluh Katrin , Hagens Steven , Pianezzi Jasmin , Klumpp Jochen , Loessner Martin J.
Published: January 2013

We report isolation and characterization of the novel T4‐like Salmonella bacteriophage vB_SenM‐S16. S16 features a T‐even morphology and a highly modified 160 kbp dsDNA genome with 36.9 mol % G+C, containing 269 putative coding sequences and three tRNA genes. S16 is a virulent phage, and exhibits a maximally broad host range within the genus Salmonella, but does not infect other bacteria. Synthesis of functional S16 full‐length long tail fibre (LTF) in Escherichia coli was possible by coexpression of gp37 and gp38. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed nanomolar equilibrium affinity of the LTF to its receptor on Salmonella cells. We show that OmpC serves as primary binding ligand, and that S16 adsorption can be transferred to E. coli by substitution of ompC with the Salmonella homologue. S16 also infects ‘rough’ Salmonella strains which are defective in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and/or its carbohydrate substitution, indicating that this interaction does not require an intact LPS structure. Altogether, its virulent nature, broad host range and apparent lack of host DNA transduction render S16 highly suitable for biocontrol of Salmonella in foods and animal production. The S16 LTF represents a highly specific affinity reagent useful for cell decoration and labelling, as well as bacterial immobilization and separation.
Deconstruction and Religion
Authors: Miller Eddis
Published: January 2013

This article provides an introduction to “deconstruction and religion” by focusing on the late writings of Jacques Derrida, in which religious and ethical themes become particularly prominent. The author explains why Derrida’s writings do not constitute a “theory” or “method” for the study of religion, but rather an attempt to show how “religion” itself is impossible. Derrida’s treatment of “religion” is explicated through an analysis of the key concepts of “faith” and “holiness,” and interpreted as fundamentally an engagement with the question of ethics. The article culminates in an examination of Derrida’s notion of “messianicity,” a key concept in his late texts. Throughout the course of this analysis, attention is paid not only to Derrida’s reading of a number of important philosophical figures (Kant, Levinas, and Austin), but also to the way in which his writings have been appropriated in the attempt to think God and religion after or beyond the Kantian critique of metaphysics and the Heideggerian destruction of onto‐theology.
Threats to patient safety in telenursing as revealed in Swedish telenurses' reflections on their dialogues
Authors: Röing Marta , Rosenqvist Urban , K. Holmström Inger
Published: January 2013

Telenursing is a rapidly expanding actor in the Swedish healthcare system, as in other Western nations. Although rare, tragic events occur within this context, and are reminders of the importance of giving patient safety the highest priority. As telenurses' main sources of information are their dialogues with the callers, the provision of safe care can depend on the quality of this dialogue. The aim of this study was to identify issues that could threaten patient safety in telenurses' dialogues with callers. As part of an educational intervention, a researcher visited a sample of six telenurses five to six times at their workplace to listen to and discuss, together with the telenurses, their dialogues with callers in stimulated recall sessions. Each call and the following discussion between researcher and telenurse was tape‐recorded and transcribed as text, resulting in a total of 121 calls. Qualitative content analysis of the reflections and following discussions revealed that threats to patient safety could be related to the surrounding society, to the organisation of telenursing, to the telenurse and to the caller. This study gives insight into significant problem areas that can affect patient safety in telenursing in Sweden. Issues that need to be focused on in telenursing educational programmes and future research are suggested, as well as the need for organisational development.
Implementing a maternal mortality surveillance system in Morocco – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Abouchadi S. , Belghiti Alaoui A. , Meski F. Z. , De Brouwere V.
Published: January 2013

Objective

To describe the development of the maternal death surveillance system (MDSS) in Morocco and discuss the initial results.

Method

The nationwide MDSS was implemented in 2009 with the involvement of health professionals and local authorities. It comprises (i) notification of all deaths of women of reproductive age (from 15 to 49 years); (ii) a preliminary survey to identify pregnancy‐related deaths; (iii) a confidential enquiry into all pregnancy‐related deaths. The information thus obtained describes socio‐demographic characteristics of the women, their obstetric and medical history, the mode of delivery, its follow‐up and the medical cause of death.

Results

From 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December 2009, 3814 deaths of women of reproductive age were recorded, and a total of 436 pregnancy‐related deaths were identified, with 73.4% of those occurring in health facilities. Among the 313 reviewed records, 80.8% were direct obstetric deaths, and 13.5% were classified as indirect. Haemorrhage was the first direct obstetric cause of death (33%). Heart disease was the main indirect obstetric cause of death (39% of indirect causes).

Conclusion

The Moroccan MDSS is a powerful tool for understanding the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths. However, challenges remain regarding the full coverage of the system, the decentralisation of the data entry and analysis and the completeness of medical records.
Pfa For Concrete: Mix Proportioning And Strength Development
Authors: Hussin Prof. Madya Dr. Mohd. Warid
Published: January 2013

This paper describes an investigation on mix design of concrete incorporation highly percentage of pulverized fuel ash (pfa} as a cement replacement in concrete. Studies are also made on the strength development of OPC/superplasticised pfa concrete designed for a specified workability and 28 days strength equivalent to that of the corresponding OPC concrete capering a very wide range of pfa usage (from 30% to 70%), water: cement ratio and age at test. Mixes designed by partial but direct replacement of 70% of pfa and water, cement ratio of 0.3 and a superplasticizer dosage of 2% by weight of cement + pfa, shows a slightly lower strength compared to OPC at earlier age but the concrete achieves comparable strength to OPC concrete at later ages. Such a concrete also exhibits highly workable properties with no detrimental effects on the quality of the concrete.

Keywords: admixtures, compressive strength, flexural strength, fly ash, workability, proportioning, water-cement ratio, superplasticizer
Sejarah Perkembangan Fizikal Bandar-Bandar Islam Di Zaman Rasulullah (S.A.W.) Dan Khalifah Al-Rasyidin: Prinsip-Prinsip Yang Boleh Kita Pelajari Daripadanya
Authors: Hj. Zen Ismawi
Published: January 2013

Untuk mencari prinsip-prinsip yang boleh digunakan dalam perancangan alam bina yang memberi peluang kepada penghayatan sepenuhnya corak dan tata susila kchidupan yang dituntut oleh Islam, kita mest1 berbalik kepada contoh-contoh yang diberi oleh Rasulullah (s.a.w) dan para sahabat yang menjadi pewaris daripada beliau. Walau bagaimanapun, kita seharusnya jangan memandang lembaran-lembaran sejarah ini sebagai bekuan kehidupan, kerana kita perlu memahami yang dinamikisma Islam itulah yang menyebabkan ianya agama untuk semua zaman. Artikel ini membincangkan perkembangan bandar Madinah al-Munarwarrah di zaman Rasulullah dan bandar-bandar lain yang ditubuhkan dizaman pemerintahan khalifah al-rasyidin, seterusnya menrumuskan beberapa prinsip dan kriteria penting perancangan untuk kita gunakan dalam usaha perancangan kita sekarang.
Possible Utilization Of Palm Kernel Shell As An AlternativeLost Circulating Agents During Oil Well Drilling
Authors: Md. Yassin Abu Azam , Kamis Azmi , Rusin Mohamad
Published: January 2013

Palm kernel shell is a byproducts from the palm oil milling process. The viability of using the palm kernel shell as a lost circulating agent will be studies. An initial study is carried out to determine the characterisation require, to combat lost circulation. Then further tests are carried out to evaluate the characteristics for lost circulation materials and the effect of palm kernel shell on the mud properties. The test results showed that palm kernel shell can be used as a lost circulation agent wirh better performance when compared to walnut shell. And the effect of palm kernel shell on the mud properties is negligible if the pericarp surrounding the hell is properly removed.
Logic And Prolog Database System
Authors: Othman Mohamed
Published: January 2013

This paper discusses an initial research of a subfield of first order predicate logic applied to the database. Consideration has been made toward the relational database system.Here,the logic used boths as an inference system as well as a representation language. The use of logic for knowledge representation and manipulation is previously due to the work of question-answering system, which have been mainly concerned with the deductive manipulation of a small set of facts and thus require an inferential mechanism provided by logic. Similar techniques have been adopted to databases to handle large set of facts, open queries, and others.

Keywords: Relational database, Programming in logic, classical interpretation, unification and queries
The Reasons And Problems For The Renewed Interest In Natural Gas And Liquefied Natural Gas (Lng) World Wide During The Late 1980s And Early 1990s
Authors: Abdui Majid Zulkifli
Published: January 2013

lncrease in world's energy demand, energy security and environmental concern has given rise to a new perception of natural gas and LNG as a valuable source and future resource of energy for the world. Although these factor has renewed the interest of natural gas as a fuel there are a number of problems to be overcome in order to put the projects (especially LNG) on stream. This paper will discuss the reasons and problems for the renewed interest in natural gas and LNG world wide during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The Integration Of Design And Manufacturing Using A Design-With-Features Approach For Turned Components
Authors: Abdul Razak Ariffin
Published: January 2013

This paper describes the work that has been done with an intention to integrate the design and manufacturing functions by developing a feature-based 'front-end' to a CAD solid mode11er. This enables designers to express their concepts in terms of manufacturing features and processes, and simultaneously captures this information in a form suitable for an outline process plan.
A Note On The Calculation And Application Of The Third Absolute Central Moment Of Chi-square Distribution
Authors: Mohd Nor Abu Hassan Shaari , Maarof Fauziah
Published: January 2013

Kertas ini mengemukakan satu cara mencari momen memusat mutlak ketiga bagi pembolehubah rawak khi-kuasadua. Aturcara SAS (1988) iaitu PROBCHI digunakan bagi menyelesaikan pengamiran berangka. Kegunaannya dalam membina batas yang tepat ke atas ralat penghampiran dalam Teorem Had Memusat diberikan.

This paper presents a way of calculating the third absolute central moment of a chi-square random variable. The SAS (1988) function PROBCHI is used to evaluate the numerical integrations. An application of this result in the construction of an exact bound on the error of approximation in the Central Limit Theorem is presented.
The Uses Of Computers In Property Management & Valuation
Authors: Couchman R.W.
Published: January 2013

Perkembangan penggunaan komputer di dalam bidang Pengurusan Hartabenda dan Penilaian adalah tidak begitu menggalakkan. Kertas ini membincangkan sebab mengapa kemajuannya terhad dan bagaimana pergolakan terbaru di dalam teknologi komputer telah akhirnya dapat membawakan kebaikan penggunaan komputer kepada firma-firma yang bersangkutan dengan pengurusan, pembangunan dan penilaian hartanah. Bahagian kedua kertas ini membincangkan tugas-tugas yang boleh dilaksanakan dengan cukup memuaskan oleh sesebuah komputer;

1. Menyimpan dan mendapat balik data
2. Memilih, mengguna dan menganalisa data
3. Mengerjakan pengiraan yang rumit dan/atau yang berulang
4. Memproses perkataan

Setiap tugas-tugas ini adalah bersangkutan dengan bidang amalan ikhtisas yang mana akan mendapat menafaat dengan penggunaan komputer. Akhirnya, kertas ini membincangkan faedah-faedah yang boleh dinikmati oleh bidang ikhtisas ini sekiranya teknik-teknik komputer
digabungkan di dalam amalan praktik.

The development of computer application in the areas of Property Management and Valuation has been relatively slow. This paper discusses the reasons why progress has been limited and how the recent revolution in computer technology has finally brought the many advantages of computerisation into the reach of most firms dealing with the management, development and valuation of landed property.

The second half of the paper considers the tasks which the computer is able to perform exceptionally well,

1. storage and retrieval of data
2. sorting, manipulating and analysis ofdata
3. performing complex and/or repetitive calculations
4. word processing

Each of these tasks is related to areas of professional practice which could benefit from computer application. Finally, the paper discusses the benefit which may be enjoyed by the profession if computer techniques are incorporated into practice.
Novel Implementation Method Of Modulo 2N Multiplication For Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Nun Mohamed Arif
Published: January 2013

Kertaskerja ini membentangkan satu cara baharu dalam mana satu pendaraf modulo 2N dijelmakan secara isomorfik menjadi sepasang penyampur modulo 2 dan modulo 2N-2. Bilangan penyampur-penyampur penuh yang diperlukan untuk perlaksanaan bertambah
secara linar dengan bertambahnya panjang perkataan N, dan tidak dengan secara eksponen, dan kelewatan pengantaran sistem tetap pada asasnya tidak berubah dengan bertambahnya N.

This paper presents a novel method in which a modulo 2N multiplier is transformed isomorphically into a pair of modulo 2 and modulo 2N-2 adders. The number of full-adders required for implementation increases linearly with increasing wordlength N, rathercthan exponentailly, and the system propagation delay remainscbasically constant with increasing N.
Application Of Control Theory In Inventory And Order Based Production Control System (IOBPCS)
Authors: Ariffin Ir. Saparudin
Published: January 2013

The use of efficient production and inventory control systems is of great importance for industry. This paper gives a review of the research by Towill [1] concerning control theory application in an inventory and order based production control systems (IOBPCS). This paper studies the ability of such Inventory System to recover from shock demands and to protect the manufacturing process from random sales variations. Some simulation results are plotted. One good compromise design achieved has the time-to-adjust inventory, demand averaging time and production delay time all of comparable magnitude.
Application Of An Expert System Shell In The Preliminary Design Of Offshore Supply Vessels
Authors: Mainal Mohd. Ramzan
Published: January 2013

This paper presents the application of expert system programming in preliminary ship design with particular emphasis on offshore supply vessels. Instead of using one of the conventional programming expert system languages, the system is developed using an expert system shell, Leonardo. The design program is written in such a way that it is user friendly as well as giving the user full control over the progress of the design. The algorithms developed in this system are based on extensive research on existing offshore supply vessels.
Karbon Teraktif Daripada Ubi Kayu
Authors: Hussein Mohd. Zobir , Zainal Zulkarnain , Basar Muhammad , Muhammad Badri
Published: January 2013

Karbon teraktif daripada ubi kayu (Manihot esculanta) telah disediakan dengan kaedah pernyulingan merosak keadaan vakum. Kemajuan pengaktifan pada pelbagai suhu dan tempoh masa diikuti dengan menentukan nombor iodinnya. Dengan kaedah ini didapati bahawa keadaan optimum penyediaan bagi ubi kayu jenis luhut ialah pada pembakaran selama 3 jam dan suhu 550°C, sementara bagi ubi kayu jenis francis ialah pada pembakaran 3 jam dan suhu 500°C.Nilai nombor iodin bagi bagi karbon teraktif dari ubi kayu jenis luhutialah 572 mg/g dan 525 mg/g bagi ubi kayu jenis francis.Analisis pengaktifan neutron menunjukkan kehadiran unsur bukan organik di sekitar 2 peratus.

Activated carbon was prepared from tapioca(Manihot esculanta)by destructive vacuum distillation.The extent of activation at various temperature and time was setermined by iodine number value.It was found that optimum condition for preparation of activated carbon from tapioca is 3 hours and 550°C for luhut and 3 hours and 500°C for francis, resulted in iodine number value of the prepared octivated carbon of 572 mglg and 525 mglg respectively.Neutron activation analysis showed that inorganic content is around 2 percent.
Some Interpretations Of Self-Tuning Pid Controllers
Authors: Yusof Rubiyah , Khalid Marzuki , Omatu Sigeru
Published: January 2013

One of the most recent development in the theories of adaptive methods in the form of self-tuning algorithms is in the area of self-tuning PID controllers (STPID). These controllers are a class of adaptive controllers but are essentially PID controllers with the capabilities of tuning their parameters automatically online. To this end, the theories of these types of controllers are still in the infancy stage. In this paper, we provide some interpretations of a STPID through some analytical and simulation results, thereby lending way for a better understanding of the algorithms and some insight into the usefullness of the algorithm. The interpretations also serve as an aid in the selection of the tuning parameters of this algorithm which can be a time consuming activity if done dilligently.
Frequency Spectrum Of Heat Pulse Phonons: A Comparison Between Little Model And Perrin-Budd Model
Authors: Abd.Hamid Abd. Rani
Published: January 2013

One of the major problems in the study of high frequency phonons in solids has been the calculation of the frequency spectrum of the phonons emitted by a heat pulse generator under specified conditions. This paper compares the calculations using two models; the Little model and the Perrin-Budd model.

Satu daripada masalah utama dalam kajian fonon frekuensi tinggi dalam pepejal adalah penghitungan frekuensi spektrum bagi fonon yang dipancarkan oleh penjana denyut haba pada keadaan tertentu. Kertas ini membandingkan penghitungan dengan menggunakan dua model; model Little dan model Perrin-Budd.
Logic Simulator:Sequential Logic Minimization
Authors: Othman Mohamed , Suparjo Bambang Sunaryo
Published: January 2013

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a tool that comprises of a program written in Turbo Pascal ver 5.0. This CAD tool is use to minimize the states of synchronous sequential logic automatically. In completely specified case, it will give a minimum solution but in the incomplete case, it does not guarantee to produce a minimum solution.

Keywords: state-table, compatible tree, maximal compatible(MC), closure function.
Reaksi Masyarakat Terhadap Kebisingan Komuniti
Authors: Ibrahim Mansor , Abu Bakar Mohd Asri
Published: January 2013

Setakat ini kajian mengenai reaksi masyarakat tempatan terhadap pencemaran bunyi bising masih belum meluas berbanding dcngan negara negara maju. Pada umumnya, kajian-kajian di negara barat khasnya di kalangan masyarakat Amerika Syarikat menunjukkan faktor: sosio ekonomi mempengaruhi tingkat reaksi mereka terhadap sesuatu paras kebisingan. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk membincangkan tentang reaksi masyarakat di beberapa kawasan kediaman di Johor Bahru terhadap masalah pencemaran bunyi bising. Sebelas faktor sosio ekonomi termasuk bangsa, jantina, umur, taraf pendidikan, pendapatan, jenis kediaman, hak milik kediaman, jangka masa mendiami kediaman, percepsi terhadap kawasan kediaman dan pengetahuan perundangan telah digunakan untuk mengukur reaksi masyarakat terhadap suatu paras kebisingan tertentu. Dari keseluruhan faktor-faktor tersebut, didapati faktor-faktor jenis kediaman, jantina, pekerjaan, pendapatan, jangka masa menduduki kawasan kediaman dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap kawasan kediaman telah mempengaruhi reaksi seorang kepada bunyi bising. Kajian juga menunjukkan sebilangan kecil anggota masyarakat merasakan perlunya kawalan kebisingan dilakukan bagi mengurangkan masalah bunyi bising komuniti. Sebilangan besar daripada anggota masyarakat masih tidak tahu hak dan cara untuk membuat aduan kepada pihak berkaitan. Antara langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil bagi mengurangkan masalah kebisingan komuniti termasuklah mempertingkatkan pengetahuan dan kesedaran masyarakat, memperketatkan penguatkuasaan perundangan dan memperkenalkan kaedah perancangan gunatanah seperti penggunaan hadangan, susun atur kawasan dan reka bentuk perumahan serta penggubanhan polisi-polisi perancangan gunatanah yang berkaitan.
Penyelesaian Kamiran Nyata Yang Tepat Bagi Persamaan Resapan Linear Teritlak Berpotensi Afin
Authors: Abdul Aziz Zainal
Published: January 2013

Penyelesaian tepat berkamiran nyata, bagi persamaan resapan linear teritlak berpotensi afin, diperoleh dalam bentuk yang serupa dengan penyelesaian kamiran(Feynman) fungsian yang sedia ada.

For the generalised linear diffusion equation with an affine potential, we obtain the exact real integral solution in a form similar to the existing functional(Feynman) integral solution.
Investigations On The Performance Of Ultrasonic Drilling Process With Special Reference To Precision Machining Of Advanced Ceramicsc
Authors: Adithan M. , Laroiya S.C.
Published: January 2013

Advanced ceramics are assuming an important role in modern industrial technology. The applications and advantages of using advanced ceramics are many.There are several reasons why we should go in for machining of advanced ceramics after their compacting and sintering. These are discussed in this paper. However,precision machining of advanced ceramics must be economical. Critical technological issues to be addressed in cost effective machining of ceramics include design of machine tools, tooling arrangements, improved yield and precision, relationship of part dimensions and finish specifications to functional performance, and on-line inspection.Considering the above Ultrasonic Drilling is an important process used for the precision machining of advanced ceramics. Extensive Studies on tool wear occurring in the ultrasonic machining of advanced ceramics have been carried out. In addition, production accuracy of holes drilled, surface finish obtained and surface integrity aspects in the machining of advanced ceramics have also been investigated. Some specific findings with reference to surface integrity are:
(a) There were no cracks or micro-cracks developed during or after ultrasonic machining of advanced ceramics.
(b) While machining Hexoloy Alpha Silicon Carbide a recast layer is formed as a result of ultrasonic machining. This is attributed to the viscous heating resulting from high energy impacts during ultrasonic machining. While machining all other types of ceramics no such formation of recast layer was observed, and
(c) There is no change in the micro-structure of the advanced ceramics as a result of ultrasonic machining.
On The Fine And Coarse Atmospheric Particle Concentrations In Kuala Lumpur(1988-1990)
Authors: Rashid M. , Rahmalan A.
Published: January 2013

This paper presents some of the important lindings on the atmopsheric fine FP (particle with aerodynamic diameter, da 2.5um) and coarse particles, CP (2.5 um da 10 um) concentrations collected from July 1988 to December 1990 using a dichotomous sampler sited at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Results showed that the mean FP and CP particle concentration was 35.4 and 14.2 μg/m3, respectively, with 40% of the daily total particle, TP(i.e TP = FP + CP) concentration samples exceeded the 50 μg/m3 annual mean guideline limit. On average, the FP constitutes 71% of the TP concentration measured at the site. Elevated particle concentrations were observed to be consistent with the frequency of calm conditions and wind direction which uggests that both there the important factors influencing the quality of air in the area.

Keyword: Air Pollution, particles, aerosols
Pengesanan TEC Ionosfera Dengan Teknologi GPS
Authors: Kamaruddin Md.Nor , Wan Mohd Akib Wan Abdul Aziz
Published: January 2013

Perkembangan yang pesat dalam teknologi angkasa lepas seperti Global Positioning System (GPS) memberi kemudahan di dalam bidang geoinformatik di mana ianya berkemampuan untuk memberikan hasil pengukuran posisi yang jitu di samping dapat membantu pengesanan TEC ionosfera. Gelombang isyarat yang dipancarkan daripada satelit GPS adalah sumber yang sangat berguna untuk pengukuran TEC ionosfera. Nilai mutlak TEC boleh didapati dari pengukuran beberapa kelewatan kumpulan gelombang isyarat jalur-L manakala nilai relatif dan mutlak TEC dari hasil pengukuran fasa pembawa isyarat GPS ini, pengesanan TEC ionosfera yang berkejituan tinggi boleh didapati. Tulisan ini membentangkan pelbagai model TEC ionosfera dan aspek pengesanan TEC ionosfera dengan pengukuran GPS.
Limiting Sway For Unbraced Steel With Column Bending On Minor Axis
Authors: Md.tahir Mahmood , Mirasa Karim , Osman Mohd.Hanim
Published: January 2013

The proposed method is presented for the design of multi-storey steel frames to limiting values of horizontal sway deflection. The frame is divided into statically determinate sub-frames by assuming points of contraflexture. Allowance for steelwork costs is then used, together with slope deflection analysis, to derive equations for optimum design. This method is suitable for hand calculation. A series of rigid jointed unbraced steel frames was studied with column bending on minor axis. The accuracy of the design equation was found to be good by comparison with linear elastic computer analysis. Ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state were checked for the frames.
Aplikasi Otak Kanan Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Matematik Di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
Authors: Ong Chee Tiong , Nee Hu Laey
Published: January 2013

Penggunaan otak kiri telah selalu sangat diperbincangkan oleh berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan mengubah paradigma ini dan akan membincangkan peranan dan fungsi otak kanan dengan lebih terperinci. Ini boleh memberikan suatu hasil pembelajaran yang sangat bernilai dan berkesan. Penglibatan otak kanan dan otak kiri secara aktif dan kerap akan membawa kita kepada bentuk pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematik yang lebih efektif dengan membenarkan memori itu kekal lebih lama. Maklumat yang telah diperolehi iaitu input learning akan lebih mudah diolah melalui penggunaan peta minda iaitu suatu bentuk penting output learning.
Kajian Kemungkinan Aplikasi Konsep Mesin FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) : Kajian Kes Di Seksyen Mills Di Kilang Keluli
Authors: Shamsuddin Muhammad Shuhaimi , Mohd. Rohani Jafri
Published: January 2013

Metodologi FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) merupakan satu pendekatan kejuruteraan sistematik terkini untuk menganalisis dan menilai potensi mod kegagalan dan sebab pada produk atau proses dan mencegah ia berlaku. Kajian kemungkinan ini hanya memfokuskan integrasi FMEA dan Mesin atau lebih dikenali Mâ€“FMEA. Kajian telah dilakukan disalah satu mesin di seksyen Mill. Kombinasi mod kegagalan, kesan dan kawalan pada mesin dibuat penilaian untuk kadar ketegasan (Severity), kekerapan berlaku (Occurrence) dan pengesanan (Detection). Hasil daripada ketiga-tiga kadar ini akan menghasilkan Risky Priority Number (RPN) untuk setiap kombinasi mod kegagalan, kesan dan kawalan. RPN untuk mod kegagalan telah dianalisis menggunakan rajah pareto dan komponen-komponen yang kritikal telah dikenal pasti. Format plan tindakan Mâ€“FMEA untuk meningkatkan kualiti dan produktiviti mesin telah dicadangkan.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic engineering approach to analyze and evaluate the potential failure modes and effect of a product or process. This study focus on the integration of FMEA and Machine and is called Machine FMEA (Mâ€“FMEA). For the case study, one dedicated machine is section Mill is selected then are being assigned Severity, Occurrence and Detection ranking. The Product of the three rankings produces an index called risky priority number (RPN). For each failure mode of the part or section of machine, the RPN number is calculated. By paretotizing the RPN failure mode, critical machine problems are identified and corrective action plan through Mâ€“FMEA tabular format is proposed to improve the productivity and quality of the machine performance.