bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted neonatal echocardiography-guided therapy pre-embolisation for congenital hepatic vascular malformation: inhaled nitric oxide to prevent paradoxical embolisation to the systemic circulation
Authors: Bischoff Adrianne R. , McNamara Patrick J. , Giesinger Regan E.
Published: November 2020

Arteriovenous malformations may present with significant haemodynamic compromise in the neonatal period, typically with high output cardiac failure that may be accompanied by hypoxia and right ventricular dysfunction. Targeted neonatal echocardiography performed by trained neonatologists provides an enhanced physiology-based approach that can guide treatment and minimise complications. We present a case of a large hepatic vascular malformation whose therapy was guided by targeted neonatal echocardiography to prevent paradoxical embolisation of procedural glue to the systemic circulation.
Backjumping is Exception Handling
Authors: ROBBINS ED , KING ANDY , HOWE JACOB M.
Published: November 2020

ISO Prolog provides catch and throw to realize the control flow of exception handling. This pearl demonstrates that catch and throw are inconspicuously amenable to the implementation of backjumping. In fact, they have precisely the semantics required: rewinding the search to a specific point and carrying of a preserved term to that point. The utility of these properties is demonstrated through an implementation of graph coloring with backjumping and a backjumping SAT solver that applies conflict-driven clause learning.
Selected root plant supplementation reduces indices of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Doma Kenji , Devantier-Thomas Baily , Gahreman Daniel , Connor Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of selected root plants (curcumin, ginseng, ginger and garlic) on markers of muscle damage and muscular performance measures following muscle-damaging protocols. We included 25 studies (parallel and crossover design) with 353 participants and used the PEDro scale to appraise each study. Forest plots were generated to report on standardised mean differences (SMD) and p-values at 24 and 48 hours following the muscle-damaging protocols. The meta-analysis showed that the supplemental (SUPP) condition showed significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) and muscle soreness at 24 hours and 48 hours (p < 0.01) than the placebo (PLA) condition. The inflammatory markers were significantly lower for the SUPP condition than the PLA condition at 24 hours (p = 0.02), although no differences were identified at 48 hours (p = 0.40). There were no significant differences in muscular performance measures between the SUPP and PLA conditions at 24 hours and 48 hours (p > 0.05) post-exercise. According to our qualitative data, a number of studies reported a reduction in oxidative stress (e.g., malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase) with a concomitant upregulation of anti-oxidant status, although other studies showed no effects. Accordingly, selected root plants minimised the level of several biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and muscle soreness during periods of exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the benefits of these supplements in ameliorating oxidative stress, increasing anti-oxidant status and accelerating recovery of muscular performance appears equivocal, warranting further research in these outcome measures.
How Do Brazilian Fires Affect Air Pollution and Public Health?
Authors: Marlier M. E. , Bonilla E. X. , Mickley L. J.
Published: November 2020

Fires burning across the Amazon in the summer of 2019 attracted global attention for the widespread destruction of natural ecosystems and regional smoke production. Using a combination of satellite fire observations and atmospheric modeling, Nawaz and Henze (2020, https://doi.org.10.1029/2020GH000268) provide new evidence for the widespread regional public health consequences attributed to these fires. They find that approximately 10% of premature deaths in Brazil due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are attributable to smoke pollution and highlight how fire locations play a critical role in determining downwind health impacts.
Scaling Laws for the Length Scale of Energy‐Containing Eddies in a Sheared and Thermally Stratified Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Ayet A. , Katul G. G.
Published: November 2020

In the atmospheric surface layer (ASL), a characteristic wavelength marking the limit between energy‐containing and inertial subrange scales can be defined from the vertical velocity spectrum. This wavelength is related to the integral length scale of turbulence, used in turbulence closure approaches for the ASL. The scaling laws describing the displacement of this wavelength with changes in atmospheric stability have eluded theoretical treatment and are considered here. Two derivations are proposed for mildly unstable to mildly stable ASL flows one that only makes use of normalizing constraints on the vertical velocity variance along with idealized spectral shapes featuring production to inertial subrange regimes, while another utilizes a co‐spectral budget with a return‐to‐isotropy closure. The expressions agree with field experiments and permit inference of the variations of the wavelength with atmospheric stability. This methodology offers a new perspective for numerical and theoretical modeling of ASL flows and for experimental design.
Driving of Outer Belt Electron Loss by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Structures: Analysis of Balloon and Satellite Data
Authors: Breneman A. W. , Halford A. J. , Millan R. M. , Woodger L. A. , Zhang X.‐J. , Sandhu J. K. , Capannolo L. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Cully C. M. , Murphy K. R. , Brito T. , Elliott S. S.
Published: November 2020

We present observations of ~10–60 min solar wind dynamic pressure structures that drive large‐scale coherent ~20–100 keV electron loss from the outer radiation belt. A combination of simultaneous satellite and Balloon Array for Radiation‐belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) observations on 11–12 January 2014 shows a close association between the pressure structures and precipitation as inferred from BARREL X‐rays. Specifically, the structures drive radial ExB transport of electrons up to 1 Earth radii, modulating the free electron energy available for low‐frequency plasmaspheric hiss growth, and subsequent hiss‐induced loss cone scattering. The dynamic pressure structures, originating near the Sun and commonly observed advecting with the solar wind, are thus able to switch on scattering loss of electrons by hiss over a large spatial scale. Our results provide a direct link between solar wind pressure fluctuations and modulation of electron loss from the outer radiation belt and may explain long‐period modulations and large‐scale coherence of X‐rays commonly observed in the BARREL data set.
A method for large-scale implantation of 3D microdevice ensembles into brain and soft tissue
Authors: Sigurdsson Stefan A. , Yu Zeyang , Lee Joonhee , Nurmikko Arto
Published: November 2020

Wireless networks of implantable electronic sensors and actuators at the microscale (sub-mm) level are being explored for monitoring and modulation of physiological activity for medical diagnostics and therapeutic purposes. Beyond the requirement of integrating multiple electronic or chemical functions within small device volumes, a key challenge is the development of high-throughput methods for the implantation of large numbers of microdevices into soft tissues with minimal damage. To that end, we have developed a method for high-throughput implantation of ~100–200 µm size devices, which are here simulated by proxy microparticle ensembles. While generally applicable to subdermal tissue, our main focus and experimental testbed is the implantation of microparticles into the brain. The method deploys a scalable delivery tool composed of a 2-dimensional array of polyethylene glycol-tipped microneedles that confine the microparticle payloads. Upon dissolution of the bioresorbable polyethylene glycol, the supporting array structure is retrieved, and the microparticles remain embedded in the tissue, distributed spatially and geometrically according to the design of the microfabricated delivery tool. We first evaluated the method in an agarose testbed in terms of spatial precision and throughput for up to 1000 passive spherical and planar microparticles acting as proxy devices. We then performed the same evaluations by implanting particles into the rat cortex under acute conditions and assessed the tissue injury produced by our method of implantation under chronic conditions.
Design rules for dense and rapid Lissajous scanning
Authors: Wang Junya , Zhang Gaofei , You Zheng
Published: November 2020

Lissajous microscanners are very popular in compact laser-scanning applications, such as solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), owing to their high-quality factor and low power consumption. In the Lissajous scanner driven by a two-axis micro-electro-mechanical system scanning mirror (MEMS-SM), the design theory is insufficient to meet the temporal and spatial resolution at the same time. In this paper, the greatest common divisor of the two-axis driving frequency is used as the temporal resolution, the concept of the fill factor (FF) is used to describe the spatial resolution of the scanner, and a general algorithm for calculating the FF is presented. Combined with the characteristics of the Lissajous trajectory, three design rules of the general Lissajous scanner are proposed, and the design theory of the Lissajous scanner enabling MEMS LIDAR is perfected. Experimental results show that the proposed design rules can effectively meet the LIDAR design requirements.
Sensitive capacitive pressure sensors based on graphene membrane arrays
Authors: Šiškins Makars , Lee Martin , Wehenkel Dominique , van Rijn Richard , de Jong Tijmen W. , Renshof Johannes R. , Hopman Berend C. , Peters Willemijn S. J. M. , Davidovikj Dejan , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Steeneken Peter G.
Published: November 2020

The high flexibility, impermeability and strength of graphene membranes are key properties that can enable the next generation of nanomechanical sensors. However, for capacitive pressure sensors, the sensitivity offered by a single suspended graphene membrane is too small to compete with commercial sensors. Here, we realize highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors consisting of arrays of nearly ten thousand small, freestanding double-layer graphene membranes. We fabricate large arrays of small-diameter membranes using a procedure that maintains the superior material and mechanical properties of graphene, even after high-temperature annealing. These sensors are readout using a low-cost battery-powered circuit board, with a responsivity of up to $$47.8$$
47.8
 aF Pa−1 mm−2, thereby outperforming the commercial sensors.
Mapping inertial migration in the cross section of a microfluidic channel with high-speed imaging
Authors: Zhou Jian , Peng Zhangli , Papautsky Ian
Published: November 2020

The wide adoption of inertial microfluidics in biomedical research and clinical settings, such as rare cell isolation, has prompted the inquiry of its underlying mechanism. Although tremendous improvement has been made, the mechanism of inertial migration remains to be further elucidated. Contradicting observations are not fully reconciled by the existing theory, and details of the inertial migration within channel cross sections are missing in the literature. In this work, for the first time, we mapped the inertial migration pathways within channel cross section using high-speed imaging at the single-particle level. This is in contrast to the conventional method of particle streak velocimetry (PSV), which provides collective information. We also applied smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate the transient motion of particles in 3D and obtained cross-sectional migration trajectories that are in agreement with the high-speed imaging results. We found two opposing pathways that explain the contradicting observations in rectangular microchannels, and the force analysis of these pathways revealed two metastable positions near the short walls that can transition into stable positions depending on the flow condition and particle size. These new findings significantly improve our understanding of the inertial migration physics, and enhance our ability to precisely control particle and cell behaviors within microchannels for a broad range of applications.
Enhancing photovoltages at p-type semiconductors through a redox-active metal-organic framework surface coating
Authors: Beiler Anna M. , McCarthy Brian D. , Johnson Ben A. , Ott Sascha
Published: November 2020

Surface modification of semiconductors can improve photoelectrochemical performance by promoting efficient interfacial charge transfer. We show that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are viable surface coatings for enhancing cathodic photovoltages. Under 1-sun illumination, no photovoltage is observed for p-type Si(111) functionalized with a naphthalene diimide derivative until the monolayer is expanded in three dimensions in a MOF. The surface-grown MOF thin film at Si promotes reduction of the molecular linkers at formal potentials >300 mV positive of their thermodynamic potentials. The photocurrent is governed by charge diffusion through the film, and the MOF film is sufficiently conductive to power reductive transformations. When grown on GaP(100), the reductions of the MOF linkers are shifted anodically by >700 mV compared to those of the same MOF on conductive substrates. This photovoltage, among the highest reported for GaP in photoelectrochemical applications, illustrates the power of MOF films to enhance photocathodic operation.
Highly efficient synthesis of non-planar macrocycles possessing intriguing self-assembling behaviors and ethene/ethyne capture properties
Authors: Mao Lijun , Hu Yang , Tu Qian , Jiang Wei-Ling , Zhao Xiao-Li , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang , Wen Jin , Shi Xueliang
Published: November 2020

It has been a challenging topic and perpetual task to design and synthesize covalent macrocycles with characteristic self-assembling behaviors and excellent host-guest properties in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we present a family of macrocyclic diphenylamine[n]arenes (DPA[n]s, n = 3–7) consisting of methyldiphenylamine units through a facile one-pot synthesis strategy. Unlike many other reported macrocyclic arenes, the resultant non-planar DPA[n]s feature intrinsic π-π stacking interactions, interesting self-assembling behaviors and ethene/ethyne capture properties. Specifically, strong multiple intermolecular edge-to-face aromatic interactions in DPA[3] have been systematically investigated both in solid and solution states. The intriguing findings on the intermolecular edge-to-face stacking interaction mode in the macrocycle would further highlight the importance of noncovalent π-π interaction in supramolecular self-assembly. This study will also shed light on the macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry and, we expect, will provide a direction for design and synthesis of covalent macrocycles in this area.
Plasmonic nano-aperture label-free imaging (PANORAMA)
Authors: Ohannesian Nareg , Misbah Ibrahim , Lin Steven H. , Shih Wei-Chuan
Published: November 2020

Label-free optical imaging of nanoscale objects faces fundamental challenges. Techniques based on propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have shown promises. However, challenges remain to achieve diffraction-limited resolution and better surface localization in SPR imaging. LSPR imaging with dark-field microscopy on metallic nanostructures suffers from low light throughput and insufficient imaging capacity. Here we show ultra-near-field index modulated PlAsmonic NanO-apeRture lAbel-free iMAging (PANORAMA) which uniquely relies on unscattered light to detect sub-100 nm dielectric nanoparticles. PANORAMA provides diffraction-limited resolution, higher surface sensitivity, and wide-field imaging with dense spatial sampling. Its system is identical to a standard bright-field microscope with a lamp and a camera – no laser or interferometry is needed. In a parallel fashion, PANORAMA can detect, count and size individual dielectric nanoparticles beyond 25 nm, and dynamically monitor their distance to the plasmonic surface at millisecond timescale.
Conservative route to genome compaction in a miniature annelid
Authors: Martín-Durán José M. , Vellutini Bruno C. , Marlétaz Ferdinand , Cetrangolo Viviana , Cvetesic Nevena , Thiel Daniel , Henriet Simon , Grau-Bové Xavier , Carrillo-Baltodano Allan M. , Gu Wenjia , Kerbl Alexandra , Marquez Yamile , Bekkouche Nicolas , Chourrout Daniel , Gómez-Skarmeta Jose Luis , Irimia Manuel , Lenhard Boris , Worsaae Katrine , Hejnol Andreas
Published: November 2020

The causes and consequences of genome reduction in animals are unclear because our understanding of this process mostly relies on lineages with often exceptionally high rates of evolution. Here, we decode the compact 73.8-megabase genome ofDimorphilus gyrociliatus, a meiobenthic segmented worm. TheD. gyrociliatusgenome retains traits classically associated with larger and slower-evolving genomes, such as an ordered, intact Hox cluster, a generally conserved developmental toolkit and traces of ancestral bilaterian linkage. Unlike some other animals with small genomes, the analysis of theD. gyrociliatusepigenome revealed canonical features of genome regulation, excluding the presence of operons andtrans-splicing. Instead, the gene-denseD. gyrociliatusgenome presents a divergent Myc pathway, a key physiological regulator of growth, proliferation and genome stability in animals. Altogether, our results uncover a conservative route to genome compaction in annelids, reminiscent of that observed in the vertebrateTakifugu rubripes.
Author Correction: Antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment and risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hong Ji Young , Hong Jee Youn , Choi Yun-Sun , Kim Yoo-Min , Sung Ji-Hee , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae , Kim Hye Seon , Sung Se In , Ahn So Yoon , Chang Yun Sil , Park Won Soon
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
TZM-gfp cells: a tractable fluorescent tool for analysis of rare and early HIV-1 infection
Authors: Gludish David W. , Boliar Saikat , Caldwell Shannon , Tembo Dumizulu L. , Chimbayo Elizabeth T. , Jambo Kondwani C. , Mwandumba Henry C. , Russell David G.
Published: November 2020

Here we describe TZM-gfp, a novel HIV-1 reporter cell derived from the same parental clone JC.53, used previously to generate the widely-utilized indicator cell line TZM-bl. We re-engineered JC.53 cells to express GFP under regulation of HIV Tat and Rev. We characterize the new reporter cell line to show that TZM-gfp cells are equally susceptible to HIV infection, exhibit minimal background signal, and can report HIV infection in rare cells from a bulk population of experimentally-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. We demonstrate the utility and sensitivity of the cells in detection of even a single HIV-positive macrophage by fluorescence-assisted correlative electron microscopy, using the GFP signal to guide imaging of HIV virions in primary co-culture. Finally, we used TZM-gfp cells for viral capture during co-culture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing that TZM-gfp can support outgrowth and analyses of patient-derived primary HIV-1 isolates.
Publisher Correction: A cartridge based Point-of-Care device for complete blood count
Authors: Abbasi Usama , Chowdhury Prasanta , Subramaniam Sasikala , Jain Prakhar , Muthe Nitin , Sheikh Faisal , Banerjee Subham , Kumaran V.
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Association between pet ownership and physical activity levels, atopic conditions, and mental health in Singapore: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Goh Ying Xian , Tan Joel Shi Quan , Syn Nicholas L. , Tan Beverley Shu Wen , Low Jia Ying , Foo Yi Han , Fung Waikit , Hoong Brandon Yi Da , Pang Junxiong ,   Phase IV CHP 2020 Group 8, Lim Qi Xuan , Wee Jieying , Ng Terence Yan Ming , Chow Hsin Han Elisha , Ng Yu Ling , Chong Jiamin Charmaine , Yeo Charmaine Yan , Tan Lorraine Hui En , Sim Abigail E Xuan , Abdurrahman Ahmad bin Hanifah Marican , Soon Carissa-Jill Yinn , Wee Ian Jun Yan , Ng Julia Yu Xin , Lim Xin Chen , Ng Lloyd Jee Hean , Lim Mervin Nathan Han Hui , Ong Wei Ren , Ong Wen Tao Daniel , Tan Ryan Gabriel , Viganeshwari S. Hema , Pillai Santhosh S/O Sasidaran , Chan Shawn Soon Han , Kamil Siti Humaira Bte Mohd , Soh Isabel , Su Mengyue , Tan Yu Xiang , Chew Valerie Tian Wei , Yang Lily Wei Yun , Yee Mun Yike Fiona
Published: November 2020

Although existing literature increasingly suggests a positive influence of pet ownership on human physical activity levels, results from many European, American, and Japanese studies have been inconsistent. How pet ownership impacts mental health and atopy is likewise controversial and whether distinct demographic subgroups experience differential effects is unclear. This cross-sectional study surveyed participants (n = 823) via a self-administered online questionnaire. Comparisons of outcomes between pet owners and non-pet owners with subgroup analyses were performed within a propensity score-matched subset (n = 566) of respondents. There were no differences in physical activity levels or mental health scores between pet owners and non-pet owners. In subgroup analyses, compared to non-pet owners, main pet caregivers reported 14.1 (95% CI 2.79–25.3) and 19.0 (95% CI 4.70–33.3) more minutes per week of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity respectively and higher SF-36 emotional well-being (β = 2.7, 95% CI 0.100–5.32) and energy scores (β = 3.8, 95% CI 0.410–7.27). Age was a significant effect modifier of the association between pet ownership and emotional well-being, energy and social functioning scores, with greater scores above the ages of 39, 35 and 39 years old respectively (interaction p = 0.043, 0.044, 0.042). Finally, pet acquisition was associated with worsening of allergic rhinitis, while pet ownership cessation was associated with improvement of allergic rhinitis and eczema symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the public health impact of pet ownership in Southeast Asia and its findings add contextual nuance to suggest potential benefits derived from pet ownership.
GIANT: galaxy-based tool for interactive analysis of transcriptomic data
Authors: Vandel Jimmy , Gheeraert Céline , Staels Bart , Eeckhoute Jérôme , Lefebvre Philippe , Dubois-Chevalier Julie
Published: November 2020

Transcriptomic analyses are broadly used in biomedical research calling for tools allowing biologists to be directly involved in data mining and interpretation. We present here GIANT, a Galaxy-based tool for Interactive ANalysis of Transcriptomic data, which consists of biologist-friendly tools dedicated to analyses of transcriptomic data from microarray or RNA-seq analyses. GIANT is organized into modules allowing researchers to tailor their analyses by choosing the specific set of tool(s) to analyse any type of preprocessed transcriptomic data. It also includes a series of tools dedicated to the handling of raw Affymetrix microarray data. GIANT brings easy-to-use solutions to biologists for transcriptomic data mining and interpretation.
Time-resolved classification of dog brain signals reveals early processing of faces, species and emotion
Authors: Kujala Miiamaaria V. , Kauppi Jukka-Pekka , Törnqvist Heini , Helle Liisa , Vainio Outi , Kujala Jan , Parkkonen Lauri
Published: November 2020

Dogs process faces and emotional expressions much like humans, but the time windows important for face processing in dogs are largely unknown. By combining our non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) protocol on dogs with machine-learning algorithms, we show category-specific dog brain responses to pictures of human and dog facial expressions, objects, and phase-scrambled faces. We trained a support vector machine classifier with spatiotemporal EEG data to discriminate between responses to pairs of images. The classification accuracy was highest for humans or dogsvs.scrambled images, with most informative time intervals of 100–140 ms and 240–280 ms. We also detected a response sensitive to threatening dog faces at 30–40 ms; generally, responses differentiating emotional expressions were found at 130–170 ms, and differentiation of faces from objects occurred at 120–130 ms. The cortical sources underlying the highest-amplitude EEG signals were localized to the dog visual cortex.
VADER: a variable dose-rate external 137Cs irradiator for internal emitter and low dose rate studies
Authors: Garty Guy , Xu Yanping , Johnson Gary W. , Smilenov Lubomir B. , Joseph Simon K. , Pujol-Canadell Monica , Turner Helen C. , Ghandhi Shanaz A. , Wang Qi , Shih Rompin , Morton Robert C. , Cuniberti David E. , Morton Shad R. , Bueno-Beti Carlos , Morgan Thomas L. , Caracappa Peter F. , Laiakis Evagelia C. , Fornace Albert J. , Amundson Sally A. , Brenner David J.
Published: November 2020

In the long term, 137Cs is probably the most biologically important agent released in many accidental (or malicious) radiation disasters. It can enter the food chain, and be consumed, or, if present in the environment (e.g. from fallout), can provide external irradiation over prolonged times. In either case, due to the high penetration of the energetic γ rays emitted by 137Cs, the individual will be exposed to a low dose rate, uniform, whole body, irradiation. The VADER (VAriable Dose-rate External 137Cs irradiatoR) allows modeling these exposures, bypassing many of the problems inherent in internal emitter studies. Making use of discarded 137Cs brachytherapy seeds, the VADER can provide varying low dose rate irradiations at dose rates of 0.1 to 1.2 Gy/day. The VADER includes a mouse “hotel”, designed to allow long term simultaneous residency of up to 15 mice. Two source platters containing ~ 250 mCi each of 137Cs brachytherapy seeds are mounted above and below the “hotel” and can be moved under computer control to provide constant low dose rate or a varying dose rate mimicking 137Cs biokinetics in mouse or man. We present the VADER design and characterization of its performance over 18 months of use.
Tinnitus impairs segregation of competing speech in normal-hearing listeners
Authors: Liu Yang Wenyi , Wang Bing , Chen Bing , Galvin John J. , Fu Qian-Jie
Published: November 2020

Many tinnitus patients report difficulties understanding speech in noise or competing talkers, despite having “normal” hearing in terms of audiometric thresholds. The interference caused by tinnitus is more likely central in origin. Release from informational masking (more central in origin) produced by competing speech may further illuminate central interference due to tinnitus. In the present study, masked speech understanding was measured in normal hearing listeners with or without tinnitus. Speech recognition thresholds were measured for target speech in the presence of multi-talker babble or competing speech. For competing speech, speech recognition thresholds were measured for different cue conditions (i.e., with and without target-masker sex differences and/or with and without spatial cues). The present data suggest that tinnitus negatively affected masked speech recognition even in individuals with no measurable hearing loss. Tinnitus severity appeared to especially limit listeners’ ability to segregate competing speech using talker sex differences. The data suggest that increased informational masking via lexical interference may tax tinnitus patients’ central auditory processing resources.
Transcriptional signatures of the small intestinal mucosa in response to ethanol in transgenic mice rich in endogenous n3 fatty acids
Authors: Hardesty Josiah E. , Warner Jeffrey B. , Song Ying L. , Rouchka Eric C. , Chen Chih-Yu , Kang Jing X. , McClain Craig J. , Warner Dennis R. , Kirpich Irina A.
Published: November 2020

The intestine interacts with many factors, including dietary components and ethanol (EtOH), which can impact intestinal health. Previous studies showed that different types of dietary fats can modulate EtOH-induced changes in the intestine; however, mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely understood. Here, we examined intestinal transcriptional responses to EtOH in WT and transgenic fat-1 mice (which endogenously convert n6 to n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs]) to identify novel genes and pathways involved in EtOH-associated gut pathology and discern the impact of n3 PUFA enrichment. WT and fat-1 mice were chronically fed EtOH, and ileum RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses were performed. EtOH consumption led to a marked down-regulation of genes encoding digestive and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and transcription factors involved in developmental processes and tissue regeneration. Compared to WT, fat-1 mice exhibited a markedly plastic transcriptome response to EtOH. Cell death, inflammation, and tuft cell markers were downregulated in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH, while defense responses and PPAR signaling were upregulated. This transcriptional reprogramming may contribute to the beneficial effects of n3 PUFAs on EtOH-induced intestinal pathology. In summary, our study provides a reference dataset of the intestinal mucosa transcriptional responses to chronic EtOH exposure for future hypothesis-driven mechanistic studies.
Landside tritium leakage over through years from Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant and relationship between countermeasures and contaminated water
Authors: Shozugawa Katsumi , Hori Mayumi , Johnson Thomas. E. , Takahata Naoto , Sano Yuji , Kavasi Norbert , Sahoo Sarata K. , Matsuo Motoyuki
Published: November 2020

There has been tritium groundwater leakage to the land side of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants since 2013. Groundwater was continuously collected from the end of 2013 to 2019, with an average tritium concentration of approximately 20 Bq/L. Based on tritium data published by Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings (TEPCO) (17,000 points), the postulated source of the leakage was (1) leaks from a contaminated water tank that occurred from 2013 to 2014, or (2) a leak of tritium that had spread widely over an impermeable layer under the site. Based on our results, sea side and land side tritium leakage monitoring systems should be strengthened.
Resonant dual-pulse laser ignition technique based on oxygen REMPI pre-ionization
Authors: Dumitrache Ciprian , Butte Carter , Yalin Azer
Published: November 2020

This contribution investigates a novel laser ignition method based on a dual-pulse resonant pre-ionization scheme. The first laser pulse efficiently creates initial gas ionization (seed electrons) through a 2 + 1 resonantly-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) scheme targeting molecular oxygen (λ ~ 287.6 nm). This pulse is followed by a second non-resonant near-infrared pulse (λ = 1064 nm) for energy addition into the gas via inverse bremsstrahlung absorption. The sequence of two pulses creates a laser induced plasma that exhibits high peak electron number density and temperature (ne ~ 8 × 1017 cm-3 at t = 100 ns and T ~ 8000 K at t = 10 μs, respectively). These plasma parameters are similar to those attained for typical single-pulse near-infrared laser plasmas but with the advantage of substantially lower pulse energy (by factor of ~ 2.5) in the dual-pulse REMPI case. A combustion study focusing on ignition of propane/air mixtures shows that the dual-pulse REMPI method leads to an extension of the lean flammability limit, and an increase in combustion efficiency near the lean limit, as compared to laser ignition with a single NIR pulse. The measurement results and observed gas dynamics are discussed in the context of their impact on combustion applications.
Effects of mechanical abrasion challenge on sound and demineralized dentin surfaces treated with SDF
Authors: Sayed Mahmoud , Tsuda Yuka , Matin Khairul , Abdou Ahmed , Martin Kim , Burrow Michael F. , Tagami Junji
Published: November 2020

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical abrasion on the surface integrity, color change (ΔE) and antibacterial properties of demineralized and sound dentin surfaces treated with silver-diammine-fluoride (SDF). The dentin specimens were divided into two groups: sound and demineralized dentin, then divided into three sub-groups, control (no-treatment), SDF, and SDF + potassium-iodide (KI). Each sub-group was further divided into two groups, one exposed to mechanical brushing and the other without brushing. Specimens were analyzed for the ΔE, surface roughness/surface loss and antibacterial properties (CFU, optical density and fluorescent microscope). Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of color change while one-way ANOVA was used for CFU analysis. SDF and SDI + KI groups showed significant reduction in ΔE with brushing in the sound dentin group unlike the demineralized group. The surface roughness values were higher for both SDF and SDF + KI groups but roughness values significantly decreased after brushing. Both SDF and SDF + KI groups revealed significantly less surface loss than control. The SDF group showed high anti-bacterial effect after brushing, unlike SDF + KI group. So, we concluded that mechanical brushing improved the esthetic outcome. While, SDF and SDF + KI could protect the dentin surface integrity. SDF-treated dentin possesses an antibacterial property even after mechanical brushing.
Deep phenotyping of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in Japanese population
Authors: Kitami Toshimori , Fukuda Sanae , Kato Tamotsu , Yamaguti Kouzi , Nakatomi Yasuhito , Yamano Emi , Kataoka Yosky , Mizuno Kei , Tsuboi Yuuri , Kogo Yasushi , Suzuki Harukazu , Itoh Masayoshi , Morioka Masaki Suimye , Kawaji Hideya , Koseki Haruhiko , Kikuchi Jun , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Ohno Hiroshi , Kuratsune Hirohiko , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: November 2020

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex and debilitating disease with no molecular diagnostics and no treatment options. To identify potential markers of this illness, we profiled 48 patients and 52 controls for standard laboratory tests, plasma metabolomics, blood immuno-phenotyping and transcriptomics, and fecal microbiome analysis. Here, we identified a set of 26 potential molecular markers that distinguished ME/CFS patients from healthy controls. Monocyte number, microbiome abundance, and lipoprotein profiles appeared to be the most informative markers. When we correlated these molecular changes to sleep and cognitive measurements of fatigue, we found that lipoprotein and microbiome profiles most closely correlated with sleep disruption while a different set of markers correlated with a cognitive parameter. Sleep, lipoprotein, and microbiome changes occur early during the course of illness suggesting that these markers can be examined in a larger cohort for potential biomarker application. Our study points to a cluster of sleep-related molecular changes as a prominent feature of ME/CFS in our Japanese cohort.
Subpicosecond HI elimination in the 266 nm photodissociation of branched iodoalkanes
Authors: Todt Michael A. , Datta Sagnik , Rose Alex , Leung Kiana , Davis H. Floyd
Published: November 2020

New experiments reveal a close connection between the nonadiabatic dynamics of C–I bond fission and HI elimination in the photodissociation of branched iodoalkanes.
Tuning the photomechanical behavior and excellent elasticity of azobenzene via cocrystal engineering
Authors: Ye Yang , Gao Lei , Hao Hongxun , Yin Qiuxiang , Xie Chuang
Published: November 2020

Obtaining crystals with different photomechanical responses and excellent mechanical properties simultaneously through cocrystal engineering based on the same photoactive molecule.
Screening effect of monolayer van der Waals crystals on surface deicing: a molecular simulation study
Authors: Wang Yue , Guo Yufeng , Guo Wanlin
Published: November 2020

Significant screening effect of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride coatings on surface deicing of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic crystals.
Optical properties and energy transfer in KYF4:Sm3+ and KYF4:Tb3+,Sm3+ polycrystalline materials
Authors: Van Do Phan , Ca Nguyen Xuan , Thanh Luong Duy , Van Nghia Nguyen , Thuy Tran Thi Chung
Published: November 2020

(a) The CR channels between Sm3+ ions; (b) the emission process of Tb3+ ions and the energy transfer from Tb3+ ions to Sm3+.
The exposed hematite surface and the generation of environmentally persistent free radicals during catechol degradation
Authors: Zhao Ziyu , Chen Quan , Li Hao , Lang Di , Wu Meixuan , Zhou Dandan , Pan Bo , Xing Baoshan
Published: November 2020

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are dependent on preferred structures and exposed active sites.
Theoretical insights into C–H bond activation of methane by transition metal clusters: the role of anharmonic effects
Authors: Bhumla Preeti , Kumar Manish , Bhattacharya Saswata
Published: November 2020

To incorporate the anharmonicity in the vibrational free energy contribution to the configurational entropy, we evaluate the excess free energy of clusters numerically by a thermodynamic integration method with ab initio molecular dynamics (aiMD) simulation inputs.
N2S2 pyridinophane-based fluorescent chemosensors for selective optical detection of Cd2+ in soils
Authors: Garau Alessandra , Lvova Larisa , Macedi Eleonora , Ambrosi Gianluca , Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Caltagirone Claudia , Coles Simon J. , Formica Mauro , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Orton James B. , Paolesse Roberto
Published: November 2020

A fluorescent sensor array for the quantitative determination of Cd2+ in soils based on two N2S2 pyridinophane chemosensors is presented.
The remarkable selectivity of the 2-arylquinoline-based acyl hydrazones toward copper salts: exploration of their catalytic applications in the copper catalysed N-arylation of indole derivatives and C1-alkynylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines via the A3 reaction
Authors: Echeverry-Gonzalez Carlos A. , Ortiz Villamizar Marlyn Catalina , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2020

Different selective 2-arylquinoline-based acyl hydrazones toward copper(i) salts were synthesised, characterized and studied their applicability as metal ligands in diverse chemical transformations.
Hierarchical porous structure carbon nanosheets derived from sodium lignosulfonate for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Dichao , Chen Changzhou , Li Jihui , Jian Xiaopeng , Wang Ao , Sun Kang , Jiang Jianchun
Published: November 2020

Because of the special lamellar structure, numerous pores, and large effective specific surface area, the two-dimensional porous carbon material is very beneficial for the storage and transmission of energy.
Recent advances in the development of palladium nanocatalysts for sustainable organic transformations
Authors: Aksoy Merve , Kilic Haydar , Nişancı Bilal , Metin Önder
Published: November 2020

In this review, we highlighted Pd nanocatalysts which have been used in the development of sustainable organic transformations including transfer hydrogenation, C–H bond activation, and some carbon–carbon couplings in the last five years.
Triptycene-based three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with stp topology of honeycomb structure
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Wu Chenyu , Sun Wenjia , Pan Qingyan , Hao Wenbo , Liu Hui , Sun Jing , Li Zhibo , Sun Junliang , Zhao Yingjie
Published: November 2020

Two triptycene based 3D COFs with stp topology and the “6 + 4” linking mode was synthesized. The 3D COFs exhibit honeycomb nanochannels structures with different pore sizes according to different linkages.
Ionothermal synthesis of a photochromic inorganic–organic complex for colorimetric and portable UV index indication and UVB detection
Authors: Wu Junbiao , Lou Luqi , Han Yide , Xu Yan , Zhang Xia , Wang Zhuopeng
Published: November 2020

A photochromic inorganic–organic complex was ionothermally synthesized via a decomposition-reassembly strategy, which is highly promising for the colorimetric and portable indication of UV index and quantification of UVB doses.
Single point activation of pyridines enables reductive hydroxymethylation
Authors: Marinic Bruno , Hepburn Hamish B. , Grozavu Alexandru , Dow Mark , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: November 2020

Pyridines can be activated at a single point with a new benzyl group, followed by dearomative functionalisation at C3 using formaldehyde.
Hexakis-adducts of [60]fullerene as molecular scaffolds of polynuclear spin-crossover molecules
Authors: Palacios-Corella Mario , Ramos-Soriano Javier , Souto Manuel , Ananias Duarte , Calbo Joaquín , Ortí Enrique , Illescas Beatriz M. , Clemente-León Miguel , Martín Nazario , Coronado Eugenio
Published: November 2020

Polynuclear spin-crossover molecules showing both thermal and photoinduced spin transitions have been prepared using a [60]fullerene hexakis-adduct endowed with Fe(ii) complexes of tridentate 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (bpp) ligand.
New approaches in component design for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Vlachopoulos Nick , Hagfeldt Anders , Benesperi Iacopo , Freitag Marina , Hashmi Ghufran , Jia Guobin , Wahyuono Ruri Agung , Plentz Jonathan , Dietzek Benjamin
Published: November 2020

Dye solar cell based on Cu coordination complex as redox mediator and carbon counter electrode.
The influence of pre-steaming and lignin distribution on wood pellet robustness and ease of subsequent enzyme-mediated cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Takada Masatsugu , Saddler John N.
Published: November 2020

We studied the influence of pre-steaming and lignin distribution on wood pellet robustness and ease of subsequent enzyme-mediated hydrolysis.
Mass transfer characteristics and energy penalty analysis of MEA regeneration process in packed column
Authors: Chu Fengming , Xiao Guozhen , Yang Guoan
Published: November 2020

The high energy consumption of the MEA regeneration process is the biggest challenge for the application of CO2 capture by the monoethanolamine (MEA) solution.
Alkaline membrane fuel cells: anion exchange membranes and fuels
Authors: Hren Maša , Božič Mojca , Fakin Darinka , Kleinschek Karin Stana , Gorgieva Selestina
Published: November 2020

Alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFC) are attracting ever-increasing attention, as they are promising electrochemical devices for energy production, presenting a viable opponent to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Carbon dots for photocatalytic H2 production in aqueous media with molecular Co catalysts
Authors: Ladomenou Kalliopi , Landrou Georgios , Charalambidis Georgios , Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: November 2020

Carbon dots and nitrogen doped carbon dots were effectively synthesized and studied as chromophores in photocatalytic H2 production systems.
Correction: Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized indoor photovoltaics with efficiencies exceeding 25%
Authors: Liu I-Ping , Cho Yu-Syuan , Teng Hsisheng , Lee Yuh-Lang
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized indoor photovoltaics with efficiencies exceeding 25%’ by I-Ping Liu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 22423–22433, DOI: 10.1039/D0TA07603A.
Correction: Ultra-long Na2Ti3O7 nanowires@carbon cloth as a binder-free flexible electrode with a large capacity and long lifetime for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Zhihong , Shen Wei , Wang Cong , Xu Qunjie , Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Ultra-long Na2Ti3O7 nanowires@carbon cloth as a binder-free flexible electrode with a large capacity and long lifetime for sodium-ion batteries’ by Zhihong Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 17111–17120, DOI: 10.1039/C6TA08416H.
Loss of cell wall integrity genes cpxA and mrcB causes flocculation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Sugawara Keita , Toyoda Hayato , Kimura Mami , Hayasaka Shunsuke , Saito Hiromi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ihara Kunio , Ida Tomoaki , Akaike Takaaki , Ando Eiji , Hyodo Mamoru , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Hamamoto Shin , Uozumi Nobuyuki
Published: November 2020

Flocculation has been recognized for hundreds of years as an important phenomenon in brewing and wastewater treatment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The lack of a distinct phenotype to differentiate between slow-growing mutants and floc-forming mutants prevents the isolation of floc-related gene by conventional mutant screening. To overcome this, we performed a two-step Escherichia coli mutant screen. The initial screen of E. coli for mutants conferring floc production during high salt treatment yielded a mutant containing point mutations in 61 genes. The following screen of the corresponding single-gene mutants identified two genes, mrcB, encoding a peptidoglycan-synthesizing enzyme and cpxA, encoding a histidine kinase of a two-component signal transduction system that contributed to salt tolerance and flocculation prevention. Both single mutants formed flocs during high salt shock, these flocs contained cytosolic proteins. ΔcpxA exhibited decreased growth with increasing floc production and addition of magnesium to ΔcpxA suppressed floc production effectively. In contrast, the growth of ΔmrcB was inconsistent under high salt conditions. In both strains, flocculation was accompanied by the release of membrane vesicles containing inner and outer membrane proteins. Of 25 histidine kinase mutants tested, ΔcpxA produced the highest amount of proteins in floc. Expression of cpxP was up-regulated by high salt in ΔcpxA, suggesting that high salinity and activation of CpxR might promote floc formation. The finding that ΔmrcB or ΔcpxA conferred floc production indicates that cell envelope stress triggered by unfavorable environmental conditions cause the initiation of flocculation in E. coli.
‘PIPs’ in DNA polymerase: PCNA interaction affairs
Authors: Acharya Narottam , Patel Shraddheya Kumar , Sahu Satya Ranjan , Kumari Premlata
Published: November 2020

Interaction of PCNA with DNA polymerase is vital to efficient and processive DNA synthesis. PCNA being a homotrimeric ring possesses three hydrophobic pockets mostly involved in an interaction with its binding partners. PCNA interacting proteins contain a short sequence of eight amino acids, popularly coined as PIP motif, which snuggly fits into the hydrophobic pocket of PCNA to stabilize the interaction. In the last two decades, several PIP motifs have been mapped or predicted in eukaryotic DNA polymerases. In this review, we summarize our understandings of DNA polymerase-PCNA interaction, the function of such interaction during DNA synthesis, and emphasize the lacunae that persist. Because of the presence of multiple ligands in the replisome complex and due to many interaction sites in DNA polymerases, we also propose two modes of DNA polymerase positioning on PCNA required for DNA synthesis to rationalize the tool-belt model of DNA replication.