bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sharing South Dakota's cultural heritage: harvesting digital collections into the Digital Public Library of America and beyond
Authors: De Jager-Loftus Danielle P.
Published: February 2024

The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) enables the discovery of digitized content held by U.S. cultural heritage institutions by aggregating metadata contributed from participating organizations. The DPLA differs from other resource sharing networks by providing not only the locality of an item from a catalogue such as WorldCat but offers easy access to the digitized item itself. Particularly for smaller libraries, archives, and museums, including content in the DPLA makes that content much easier for users to discover, access, and contextualize than it would be otherwise. The DPLA uses what they call the Hub Model made up of Service Hubs and Content Hubs to aggregate metadata from their partners and contribute it to DPLA. This allows state and regional collaborations to onboard small institutions, adding online texts, photographs, manuscript material, artwork and more.
The Ethics of Deferred Prosecution Agreements for MNEs Culpable of Foreign Corruption: Relativistic Pragmatism or Devil’s Pact?
Authors: De Vita Glauco , Vozza Donato
Published: February 2024

Deferred prosecution agreements (DPAs) are legal means, alternative to trial, for the resolution of criminal business cases. Although DPAs are increasingly used in the US and are spreading to other jurisdictions, the ethics of DPAs has hardly been subjected to critical scrutiny. We use a multidisciplinary approach straddling the line between philosophy and law to examine the ethics of DPAs used to resolve cases of multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) foreign corruption. Deontologically, we argue that the normativity of DPAs raises critical concerns related to the notion of justice as punishment, with serious cases of international corruption resolved with minimal retribution for offending MNEs. Taking a utilitarian ethical perspective, we also evaluate the effect of DPAs on MNEs’ tendency to self-regulate or re-offend. Our conclusion, supported by critical analysis of the juridical literature and case evidence on MNEs’ recidivism, is that DPAs do not foster ethical behavior.
Combinatorial formulas for shifted dual stable Grothendieck polynomials
Authors: Lewis Joel , Marberg Eric
Published: February 2024

The K-theoretic Schur P- and Q-functions

$G\hspace {-0.2mm}P_\lambda $

and

$G\hspace {-0.2mm}Q_\lambda $

may be concretely defined as weight-generating functions for semistandard shifted set-valued tableaux. These symmetric functions are the shifted analogues of stable Grothendieck polynomials and were introduced by Ikeda and Naruse for applications in geometry. Nakagawa and Naruse specified families of dual K-theoretic Schur P- and Q-functions

$g\hspace {-0.1mm}p_\lambda $

and

$g\hspace {-0.1mm}q_\lambda $

via a Cauchy identity involving

$G\hspace {-0.2mm}P_\lambda $

and

$G\hspace {-0.2mm}Q_\lambda $

. They conjectured that the dual power series are weight-generating functions for certain shifted plane partitions. We prove this conjecture. We also derive a related generating function formula for the images of

$g\hspace {-0.1mm}p_\lambda $

and

$g\hspace {-0.1mm}q_\lambda $

under the

$\omega $

involution of the ring of symmetric functions. This confirms a conjecture of Chiu and the second author. Using these results, we verify a conjecture of Ikeda and Naruse that the

$G\hspace {-0.2mm}Q$

-functions are a basis for a ring.
The devil’s in the defaults: An interrupted time-series analysis of the impact of default duration elimination on exposure to fluoroquinolone therapy
Authors: Wrenn Rebekah H. , Slaton Cara N. , Diez Tony , Turner Nicholas A. , Yarrington Michael E. , Anderson Deverick J. , Moehring Rebekah W.
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To determine whether removal of default duration, embedded in electronic prescription (e-script), influenced antibiotic days of therapy.

Design:

Interrupted time-series analysis.

Setting:

The study was conducted across 2 community hospitals, 1 academic hospital, 3 emergency departments, and 86 ambulatory clinics.

Patients:

Adults prescribed a fluoroquinolone with a duration <31 days.

Interventions:

Removal of standard 10-day fluoroquinolone default duration and addition of literature-based duration guidance in the order entry on December 19, 2017. The study period included data for 12 months before and after the intervention.

Results:

The study included 35,609 fluoroquinolone e-scripts from the preintervention period and 31,303 fluoroquinolone e-scripts from the postintervention period, accounting for 520,388 cumulative fluoroquinolone DOT. Mean durations before and after the intervention were 7.8 (SD, 4.3) and 7.7 (SD, 4.5), a nonsignificant change. E-scripts with a 10-day duration decreased prior to and after the default removal. The inpatient setting showed a significant 8% drop in 10-day e-scripts after default removal and a reduced median duration by 1 day; 10-day scripts declined nonsignificantly in ED and ambulatory settings. In the ambulatory settings, both 7- and 14-day e-script durations increased after default removal.

Conclusion:

Removal of default 10-day antibiotic durations did not affect overall mean duration but did shift patterns in prescribing, depending on practice setting. Stewardship interventions must be studied in the context of practice setting. Ambulatory stewardship efforts separate from inpatient programs are needed because interventions cannot be assumed to have similar effects.
Reynolds number dependence of turbulent flows over a highly permeable wall
Authors: Kuwata Y. , Suga K.
Published: February 2024

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows over highly permeable porous walls were performed at various Reynolds numbers to examine the effects of the Reynolds number on permeable wall turbulence. The porous medium consisted of Kelvin cell arrays with porosity

$0.95$

, and the permeability Reynolds number

$Re_K$

ranged from approximately 7 to 50. Simulations with thin and thick porous walls were performed to investigate the effects of spanwise roller vortices associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The results show that the effect of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability becomes more significant with increasing the permeability Reynolds number, and spanwise rollers, for which length scale is an order of channel height, dominate turbulence when

$Re_K \gtrsim 30$

. Spanwise rollers reinforce the negative correlation between the wall-normal and streamwise velocity fluctuations close to the porous/fluid interface, and intensify the turbulent velocity fluctuations away from the porous walls, leading to increased frictional resistance. An investigation of the Reynolds number dependence of the modified logarithmic law indicates that the zero-plane displacement and equivalent roughness height are proportional to the square root of permeability, whereas the von Kármán constant increases with the permeability Reynolds number because of the increased mixing length resulting from the relatively large-scale velocity fluctuations induced by spanwise rollers. We developed a model for the modified log law for permeable wall turbulence based on permeability, and confirmed that the skin friction coefficient obtained from the model reasonably predicts the skin friction coefficient for several types of high-porosity porous media. Hence, permeability is a key parameter that characterizes the logarithmic mean velocity profiles over a variety of porous media with high porosity.
“Keep Your Heads Held High Boys!”: Examining the Relationship between the Proud Boys’ Online Discourse and Offline Activities
Authors: BAILARD CATIE SNOW , TROMBLE REBEKAH , ZHONG WEI , BIANCHI FEDERICO , HOSSEINI PEDRAM , BRONIATOWSKI DAVID
Published: February 2024

This study examines the relationship between online communication by the Proud Boys and their offline activities. We use a supervised machine learning model to analyze a novel dataset of Proud Boys Telegram messages, merged with US Crisis Monitor data of violent and nonviolent events in which group members participated over a 31-month period. Our analysis finds that intensifying expressions of grievances online predict participation in offline violence, whereas motivational appeals to group pride, morale, or solidarity share a reciprocal relationship with participation in offline events. This suggests a potential online messaging–offline action cycle, in which (a) nonviolent offline protests predict an increasing proportion of motivational messaging and (b) increases in the frequency and proportion of motivational appeals online, in turn, predict subsequent violent offline activities. Our findings offer useful theoretical insights for understanding the relationship between online speech and offline behavior.
Reawakening a Revolutionary Party: The Ancient and Modern Princes in Wang Hui’s Political Theory
Authors: LUO SIMON SIHANG
Published: February 2024

Recent political theory has seen a revived interest in theorizing the political party, and, in particular, exploring what the political party can do to address its decline and revitalize itself. This renewed interest, however, draws largely on the political praxis of party politics of established liberal democracies in the United States and Europe. In this article, I bring Chinese thinker Wang Hui’s (Maoist) party theory into the conversation. By engaging Wang’s party theory, I demonstrate how we can understand party decline in nonliberal democratic countries with revolutionary legacies. I then analyze Wang’s solution to the decline of the revolutionary party, which focuses on the intricate relationship between individualistic charismatic politics and party politics. Finally, through reading Wang in and beyond the Chinese context, I show the problems with Wang’s theory and discuss how it can learn from the party-movement relationship in other contexts.
The Carried-Off and the Constitution: How British Harboring of Fugitives from American Slavery Led to the Constitution of 1787
Authors: Messer-Kruse Timothy
Published: February 2024

Accounts of the factors that led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitutional Convention have focused on Congress' failures to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and provide security against internal unrest and foreign encroachments. Left out from history are the attempts of the founders to force Britain to return thousands of escapees from slavery they sheltered. Patriot state leaders tried to coerce the return of all fugitives from slavery evacuated with the British army by blocking payment of debts to England in violation of the Treaty of Paris. Such actions ultimately caused the breakdown of the agreement and exposed the structural inability of the Congress to enforce the terms of a duly ratified treaty over intransigent states. Ultimately, the issue of the “carried off” and with it the nation's ability to conduct foreign policy, was the paramount issue that could only be resolved by a fundamental restructuring of the federal structure of government.
The Method of Images Revisited: Approximate Solutions in Wedge‐Shaped Aquifers of Arbitrary Angle
Authors: Nikoletos I. A. , Katsifarakis K. L.
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on deriving new approximate analytical solutions in wedge‐shaped aquifers. The proposed methodology is applicable to any type of aquifer namely, leaky, confined and unconfined, under both steady state and transient flow conditions. By applying the method of images and separating the flow field into sections using physical arguments, approximate analytical expressions are obtained for the drawdown function, which in contrast to the conventional theory, are applicable to any arbitrary wedge angle. Moreover, the solutions fully observe the boundary conditions, while they preserve the continuity of the drawdown, which can be calculated directly at any point of the flow field. Nevertheless, comparison of the results of the new approximate analytical solutions to numerical ones, has been considered necessary to check their validity. MODFLOW, a well‐known numerical tool is used to calculate the numerical results. The discrepancies between the numerical results and those of the approximate analytical solution are negligible. The main advantages of the proposed methodology are the following: (a) The model needs only finite number of terms compared to conventional analytical and numerical solutions that involve infinite series, (b) The computational load is low, so it can be easily used in conjunction with meta‐heuristic algorithms to solve groundwater resources optimization problems, (c) Stream depletion rate can be calculated rather accurately and (d) The method is applicable to related flow problems.
PM2.5 Is Insufficient to Explain Personal PAH Exposure
Authors: Bramer Lisa M. , Dixon Holly M. , Rohlman Diana , Scott Richard P. , Miller Rachel L. , Kincl Laurel , Herbstman Julie B. , Waters Katrina M. , Anderson Kim A.
Published: February 2024

To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7‐day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM2.5 AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM2.5 AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM2.5 AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM2.5 AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM2.5 AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.
Influence of Eastern Pacific Hurricanes on the Southwest US Wildfire Environment
Authors: Balaguru Karthik , Wang Sally S.‐C. , Leung L. Ruby , Hagos Samson , Harrop Bryce , Chang Chuan‐Chieh , Lubis Sandro W. , Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Taraphdar Sourav
Published: February 2024

While some previous studies examined the contribution of Eastern Pacific (EP) hurricanes toward precipitation in the arid Southwest US (SWUS), their potential to influence wildfires in that region has not been explored. Here we show, using observations and simulations from the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), that recurving EP hurricanes modulate the wildfire environment in the SWUS by increasing precipitation and soil moisture, and reducing the vapor pressure deficit. This is especially the case during late season months of September–October when the likelihood of storms to recurve and make landfall increases. Further, analysis of burnt area observations reveals that for the months of September–October, recurving EP hurricanes may significantly reduce the prevalence of wildfires in the SWUS. Finally, E3SM simulations indicate that late season EP hurricanes have been on the decline, with important implications for wildfires in the SWUS.
Processing of VLF Amplitude Measurements: Deduction of a Quiet Time Seasonal Variation
Authors: Schneider H. , Wendt V. , Banys D. , Clilverd M. , Raita T.
Published: February 2024

The amplitude of Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmissions propagating from transmitter to receiver between the Earth's surface and the ionospheric D‐region is a useful measurement to detect changes in the ionization within the D‐region ranging from 60 to 90 km. The VLF signal amplitude is disturbed by geomagnetic, solar, and atmospheric phenomena. To be able to identify perturbations in the VLF signal amplitude, we determine its averaged seasonal variation under quiet solar and geomagnetic conditions. Here it is challenging, that long time series of the VLF signal amplitude show significant jumps and outliers, which are caused artificially by technical adjustments/maintenance work. This paper presents a new approach for processing long VLF data time series over multiple years resulting in level 2 data. The new level 2 data enables the consideration of time series with artificial jumps since the jumps are leveled. Moreover, the outliers are removed by a robust and systematic 2‐step outlier filtering. The average seasonal and diurnal variation for different transmitter‐receiver combinations can be computed with the new level 2 data by applying a composite analysis. A subsequently applied polynomial fit obtains the quiet time lines for daytime and nighttime, representing the typical seasonal variation under undisturbed conditions of the VLF signal amplitude for each considered link. The developed quiet time lines may serve as a tool to determine perturbations of the VLF signal amplitude with solar and geomagnetic as well as atmospheric origin. Also, they allow comparison of the VLF signal amplitude variation for different transmitter‐receiver links.
The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes
Authors: Mallick Swapan , Micco Adam , Mah Matthew , Ringbauer Harald , Lazaridis Iosif , Olalde Iñigo , Patterson Nick , Reich David
Published: February 2024

More than two hundred papers have reported genome-wide data from ancient humans. While the raw data for the vast majority are fully publicly available testifying to the commitment of the paleogenomics community to open data, formats for both raw data and meta-data differ. There is thus a need for uniform curation and a centralized, version-controlled compendium that researchers can download, analyze, and reference. Since 2019, we have been maintaining the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR), which aims to provide an up-to-date, curated version of the world’s published ancient human DNA data, represented at more than a million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at which almost all ancient individuals have been assayed. The AADR has gone through six public releases at the time of writing and review of this manuscript, and crossed the threshold of >10,000 individuals with published genome-wide ancient DNA data at the end of 2022. This note is intended as a citable descriptor of the AADR.
A novel theta-controlled vibrotactile brain–computer interface to treat chronic pain: a pilot study
Authors: Demarest Phillip , Rustamov Nabi , Swift James , Xie Tao , Adamek Markus , Cho Hohyun , Wilson Elizabeth , Han Zhuangyu , Belsten Alexander , Luczak Nicholas , Brunner Peter , Haroutounian Simon , Leuthardt Eric C.
Published: February 2024

Limitations in chronic pain therapies necessitate novel interventions that are effective, accessible, and safe. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a promising modality for targeting neuropathology underlying chronic pain by converting recorded neural activity into perceivable outputs. Recent evidence suggests that increased frontal theta power (4–7 Hz) reflects pain relief from chronic and acute pain. Further studies have suggested that vibrotactile stimulation decreases pain intensity in experimental and clinical models. This longitudinal, non-randomized, open-label pilot study's objective was to reinforce frontal theta activity in six patients with chronic upper extremity pain using a novel vibrotactile neurofeedback BCI system. Patients increased their BCI performance, reflecting thought-driven control of neurofeedback, and showed a significant decrease in pain severity (1.29 ± 0.25 MAD, p = 0.03, q = 0.05) and pain interference (1.79 ± 1.10 MAD p = 0.03, q = 0.05) scores without any adverse events. Pain relief significantly correlated with frontal theta modulation. These findings highlight the potential of BCI-mediated cortico-sensory coupling of frontal theta with vibrotactile stimulation for alleviating chronic pain.
The association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition is reduced or eliminated when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits
Authors: Cooper Holly , Jennings Ben J. , Kumari Veena , Willard Aiyana K. , Bennetts Rachel J.
Published: February 2024

Emotion recognition shows large inter-individual variability, and is substantially affected by childhood trauma as well as modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. While research suggests childhood trauma influences emotion recognition, it is unclear whether this effect is consistent when controlling for interrelated individual differences. Further, the universality of the effects has not been explored, most studies have not examined differing modalities or intensities. This study examined childhood trauma’s association with accuracy, when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits, and if this varied across modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. An adult sample (N = 122) completed childhood trauma, alexithymia, and psychopathy questionnaires and three emotion tasks: faces, voices, audio-visual. When investigating childhood trauma alone, there was a significant association with poorer accuracy when exploring modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. When controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy, childhood trauma remained significant when exploring emotion portrayed, however, it was no longer significant when exploring modality and intensity. In fact, alexithymia was significant when exploring intensity. The effect sizes overall were small. Our findings suggest the importance of controlling for interrelated individual differences. Future research should explore more sensitive measures of emotion recognition, such as intensity ratings and sensitivity to intensity, to see if these follow accuracy findings.
The analysis of association between single features of small vessel disease and stroke outcome shows the independent impact of the number of microbleeds and presence of lacunes
Authors: Hakim Arsany , Gallucci Laura , Sperber Christoph , Rezny-Kasprzak Beata , Jäger Eugen , Meinel Thomas , Seiffge David , Goeldlin Martina , Westphalen Franziska , Fischer Urs , Wiest Roland , Arnold Marcel , Umarova Roza
Published: February 2024

The impact of small vessel disease (SVD) on stroke outcome was investigated either separately for its single features in isolation or for SVD sum score measuring a qualitative (binary) assessment of SVD-lesions. We aimed to investigate which SVD feature independently impacts the most on stroke outcome and to compare the continuous versus binary SVD assessment that reflects pronouncement and presence correspondingly. Patients with a first-ever anterior circulation ischemic stroke were retrospectively investigated. We performed an ordered logistic regression analysis to predict stroke outcome (mRS 3 months, 0–6) using age, stroke severity, and pre-stroke disability as baseline input variables and adding SVD-features (lacunes, microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces, white matter hyperintensities) assessed either continuously (model 1) or binary (model 2). The data of 873 patients (age 67.9 ± 15.4, NIHSS 24 h 4.1 ± 4.8) was analyzed. In model 1 with continuous SVD-features, the number of microbleeds was the only independent predictor of stroke outcome in addition to clinical parameters (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.07–1.37). In model 2 with the binary SVD assessment, only the presence of lacunes independently improved the prediction of stroke outcome (OR 1.48, 1.1–1.99). In a post hoc analysis, both the continuous number of microbleeds and the presence of lacunes were independent significant predictors. Thus, the number of microbleeds evaluated continuously and the presence of lacunes are associated with stroke outcome independent from age, stroke severity, pre-stroke disability and other SVD-features. Whereas the presence of lacunes is adequately represented in SVD sum score, the microbleeds assessment might require another cutoff and/or gradual scoring, when prediction of stroke outcome is needed.
Predictive factors and adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal smoking status
Authors: Hamadneh Shereen , Hamadneh Jehan , Alhenawi Esraa , Khurma Ruba Abu , Hussien Abdelazim G.
Published: February 2024

To identify risk factors for smoking among pregnant women, and adverse perinatal outcomes among pregnant women. A case–control study of singleton full-term pregnant women who gave birth at a university hospital in Jordan in June 2020. Pregnant women were divided into three groups according to their smoking status, active, passive, and non-smokers. They were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire that included demographic data, current pregnancy history, and neonatal outcomes. Low-level maternal education, unemployment, secondary antenatal care, and having a smoking husband were identified as risk factors for smoke exposure among pregnant women. The risk for cesarean section was ninefold higher in nulliparous smoking women. Women with low family income, those who did not receive information about the hazards of smoking, unemployed passive smoking women, and multiparty raised the risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission among active smoking women. This risk increased in active and passive women with lower levels of education, and inactive smoking women with low family income by 25 times compared to women with a higher level of education. Smoking is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Appropriate preventive strategies should address modifiable risk factors for smoking during pregnancy.
Social frailty as a predictor of all-cause mortality and functional disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goto Takaharu , Kishimoto Takahiro , Fujiwara Shinji , Shirayama Yasuhiko , Ichikawa Tetsuo
Published: February 2024

The association between social frailty and adverse health outcomes, especially mortality and functional disability, which are essential health outcomes, has not been systematically summarized or meta-analyzed. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of social frailty on all-cause mortality and functional disability, while addressing the components of social frailty. In this study, social frailty was operationally defined in alignment with the previous literature, as follows: “a state of increased vulnerability to the interactive back-and-forth of the community, including general resources, social resources, social behaviors, and needs.” Hazard ratios or odds ratios described in each selected literature were used as the meta-analytic results. Considering the impact of social frailty on all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio was 1.96 (95% CI 1.20–3.19), indicating a significant association between the two but high heterogeneity. The hazard and odds ratios for the impact of social frailty on functional disability were 1.43 (95% CI 1.20–1.69) and 2.06 (95% CI 1.55–2.74), respectively. A significant association was found between social frailty and functional disability; both hazard and odds ratios were found, and low heterogeneity between these articles was observed. These results highlight the importance of assessing social frailty using more standardized methods and examining its effects on various health outcomes.
Differential gene expression patterns in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elahimanesh Mohammad , Shokri Nafiseh , Mahdinia Elmira , Mohammadi Payam , Parvaz Najmeh , Najafi Mohammad
Published: February 2024

The ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) might occur because of coronary artery stenosis. The gene biomarkers apply to the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in Myocardial Infarction. The aim of this study was to introduce, enrich and estimate timely the blood gene profiles based on the high-throughput data for the molecular distinction of STEMI and NSTEMI. The text mining data (50 genes) annotated with DisGeNET data (144 genes) were merged with the GEO gene expression data (5 datasets) using R software. Then, the STEMI and NSTEMI networks were primarily created using the STRING server, and improved using the Cytoscape software. The high-score genes were enriched using the KEGG signaling pathways and Gene Ontology (GO). Furthermore, the genes were categorized to determine the NSTEMI and STEMI gene profiles. The time cut-off points were identified statistically by monitoring the gene profiles up to 30 days after Myocardial Infarction (MI). The gene heatmaps were clearly created for the STEMI (high-fold genes 69, low-fold genes 45) and NSTEMI (high-fold genes 68, low-fold genes 36). The STEMI and NSTEMI networks suggested the high-score gene profiles. Furthermore, the gene enrichment suggested the different biological conditions for STEMI and NSTEMI. The time cut-off points for the NSTEMI (4 genes) and STEMI (13 genes) gene profiles were established up to three days after Myocardial Infarction. The study showed the different pathophysiologic conditions for STEMI and NSTEMI. Furthermore, the high-score gene profiles are suggested to measure up to 3 days after MI to distinguish the STEMI and NSTEMI.
Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury in a hospital of China
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Hao Xiaoxia , Shang Xingru , Chi Ruimin , Xu Tao
Published: February 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) can have significant morbidity. There is currently a lack of relevant data in China. This study explores incidence and risk factors of UTI in hospitalized patients with SCI in China, and will help healthcare professionals to make informed clinical decisions to reduce the incidence of UTI. This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients with SCI who were hospitalized at three campuses of a hospital in central China between August 2014 and August 2023. The files of patients with SCI were reviewed for demographics and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with UTI. A total of 538 patients were included in this study. The incidence of UTI was 49.8%. Sex, hypoproteinemia, urinary incontinence, bladder irrigation, timing of rehabilitation, duration of indwelling urinary catheter were risk factors of UTI. The implementation of specific preventive measures is anticipated to result in a decrease in the occurrence of UTI among individuals with SCI, consequently enhancing their overall quality of life and prognosis.
NF1 mutations as biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockades for lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Giraud Jean-Stéphane , Jouinot Anne , Pasmant Eric , Tlemsani Camille
Published: February 2024

Little is known about immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) response of NF1-mutated lung adenocarcinomas. 341/4,181 (8.2%) TCGA lung adenocarcinomas samples have a somatic NF1 mutation. NF1-mutated tumors have higher TMB (p < 0.0001), higher expression of immune genes (“hot phenotype”) and higher CD8 + T cell (p = 0.03) and macrophage (p = 0.02) infiltrations compared to NF1 wild-type tumors. NF1 mutation status appears as a candidate predictive biomarker for ICI response in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Lectin-conjugated nanotags with high SERS stability: selective probes for glycans
Authors: Tavakkoli Yaraki Mohammad , Wongtrakul-Kish Katherine , Moh Edward S. X. , Packer Nicolle H. , Wang Yuling
Published: February 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags functionalized with lectins as the biological recognition element can be used to target the carbohydrate portion of carbohydrate-carrying molecules (glycoconjugates).
Supersensitive detection of lincomycin with an ECL aptasensor based on the synergistic integration of gold-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles and thiolated 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Wen Jing , Shan Xueling , Wang Wenchang , Chen Zhidong
Published: February 2024

A supersensitive aptamer ECL sensor fabricated with UCNPs/Au and t-PTCA was used for lincomycin detection. The sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance with a wide linear range, low detection limit, high specificity and good application.
Crystal growth of ternary metal sulfides from an open melt: Ba2MnS3
Authors: Moore Benjamin J. , Cui Z. X. , Liu Y. , Gutmann Matthias J. , Teather E. N. , Orlandi Fabio , Balz Christian , Manuel Pascal , Perry R. S.
Published: February 2024

The synthesis of sizable single crystals of Ba2MnS3 has been grown via the floating-zone technique. Neutron diffraction revealed the system is antiferromagnetic and is described by the k = (0, 1/2, 0) magnetic propagation vector and belongs to the Pb21/n space group.
Efficient delivery of carotenoids to adipocytes with albumin
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Joanna , Stanek Ewa , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra , Karpiel Marta , Czamara Krzysztof , Ferreira Tiago H. , Maximiano Pedro , Simões Pedro N. , Reva Igor , Kalinowska-Tłuścik Justyna , Kaczor Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

A hydrophobic periphery area of albumin loosely bounds the self-aggregated astaxanthin in water and enables its easy detachment in hydrophobic environment. This explains the effectiveness of albumins as nanocarriers of carotenoids to adipocytes.
Effect of annealing conditions on the luminescence properties and thermometric performance of Sr3Al2O5Cl2:Eu2+ and SrAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphors
Authors: Ogugua Simon N. , Abram Christopher , Fond Benoît , Kroon Robin E. , Beyrau Frank , Swart Hendrik C.
Published: February 2024

Divalent europium emission from distinct sites in the Sr3Al2O5Cl2 host results in two emission bands. The ratio of intensities of these bands is strongly temperature sensitive and can be exploited for two colour ratio-based luminescence thermometry.
Electrochemiluminescence of iridium(iii)/ruthenium(ii) complexes with naphthyl tags in solutions and host–guest thin films
Authors: Qu Weiyu , Yang Xinrui , Huang Xiaojin , Guo Weiliang , Dai Zhihui
Published: February 2024

The incorporation of naphthyl (nap) tags into metal complexes not only allows for increased electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in solutions but also results in a 4.5-fold increase in ECL intensity in host–guest thin films.
Employing a chelating agent as electrolyte additive with synergistic effects yields highly reversible zinc metal anodes
Authors: Feng Ziwen , Zhang Yu , Yao Lingmin , Deng Qinglin , Tan Yipeng , Zhao Yang , Li Zelin , Lu Linfei
Published: February 2024

Calcium gluconate additives can effectively suppress the side reactions of Zn anodes with a synergistic effect of Ca2+ and GA− in regulating the Zn2+ solvation structure and modulating the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Non-Hermitian metagrating for perfect absorption of elastic waves
Authors: Cheng Jiali , Hu Yabin , Li Bing
Published: February 2024

With only a specific small amount of loss, perfect absorption of elastic waves can be achieved by a compact NHMG composed of only a single type of unit cell, enabling cloaking for arbitrary-shaped targets.
Convenient synthesis and enhanced urea oxidation of NiO–CrO@N–C
Authors: Wu Na , Chi Xiaoyu , Zhang Yujuan , Hu Tuoping
Published: February 2024

The NiO–CrO@N–C composite, which was synthesized by amorphous NiO and CrO nanoparticles anchored on an N-containing carbon matrix, presents excellent activity and stability for the electrocatalytic oxidation of urea.
Transition-metal-free glycosyl sulfonation of diaryliodonium salts with sodium glycosyl sulfinate: an efficient approach to access glycosyl aryl sulfones
Authors: Luo Jiaxin , Chen Xinyu , Ding Wenyan , Ma Jialu , Ni Zhaohui , Xie Lihuang , Xu Chunfa
Published: February 2024

Transition-metal-free glycosyl sulfonation employing a readily prepared sodium glycosyl sulfinate in conjunction with diaryliodonium salts was reported, featuring wide tolerance with unprotected sugar substrates.
Metal-free construction of dihydropyrazino[2,3-b]indoles from 2-aminoacetophenones, isocyanates and 1,2-diamines
Authors: Fang Jingxi , Fang Jiayao , Rao Yingbo , Qiu Huanyi , Pan Zhentao , Ma Yongmin
Published: February 2024

A novel metal-free and mild strategy for the construction of dihydropyrazino[2,3-b]indoles in 2-MeTHF as a green solvent at room temperature is described.
Correction: Smartphone-read phage lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of infection
Authors: Chabi Maede , Vu Binh , Brosamer Kristen , Smith Maxwell , Chavan Dimple , Conrad Jacinta C. , Willson Richard C. , Kourentzi Katerina
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Smartphone-read phage lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of infection’ by Maede Chabi, et al., Analyst, 2023, 148, 839–848, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01499H.
Visible-light-induced catalyst-free reductive coupling of aldehydes, ketones and imines with cyanopyridines
Authors: Zou Xiaoting , Lang Yatao , Han Xinlong , Zheng Ming-Wei , Wang Jiayuan , Li Chao-Jun , Zeng Huiying
Published: February 2024

This article introduces a catalyst-free reductive coupling driven by visible-light, facilitating the synthesis of pyridine-substituted alcohols and amines through the reaction of aldehydes, ketones and imines with cyanopyridines.
Electrochemical C3-methylthiolation of imidazopyridines with dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Feng Zhaoyue , Fan Yingsibing , Qiang Congcong , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: February 2024

An electrochemical C-3 methylthiolation reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was achieved. The method used DMSO as both the methylthiolating reagent and solvent and KI as both the hydrogen atom transfer reagent and supporting electrolyte.
Correction: Visible-light acridinium-based organophotoredox catalysis in late-stage synthetic applications
Authors: Singh Praveen P. , Singh Jaya , Srivastava Vishal
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Visible-light acridinium-based organophotoredox catalysis in late-stage synthetic applications’ by Praveen P. Singh et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 10958–10986, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA01364B
Simultaneous NIR photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence from Cr3+ activated MgGa2O4 phosphors with multifunctions for optical sensing
Authors: Wang Yaowu , Pan Guocheng , Wang Jianfeng , Li Yinyan , Wu Zhenping , Xu Shiqing , Bai Gongxun
Published: February 2024

The prepared MGO:Cr3+ phosphor has dual-mode emissions for sensing, including NIR photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence. Moreover, the developed light-emitting device has functions of anti-counterfeiting and biological tissue penetration.
ISTVP: Independent single transaction verification protocol for light node using fraud proofs without collaborator
Authors: Lee Minghao , Ma Binhao , Han Di , Wang Dejun , Meng Bo
Published: February 2024

Most blockchain users run light nodes on mobile devices. Due to limited storage and computation, light nodes cannot perform transaction validation. This shortage makes opportunities for malicious nodes to produce blocks containing invalid transactions, which results in the loss of funds for light nodes. Fraud proofs play a significant role in ensuring transaction security for light nodes. However, existing fraud proof schemes require honest collaborators and the processing of entire blocks. To address these limitations, Independent Single Transaction Verification Protocol for Light node Using Fraud Proofs without Collaborator called ISTVP is proposed that enables light nodes to independently verify transactions and generate fraud proofs without relying on collaborators or processing the entire block. To support ISTVP, SVST is introduced, an efficient block structure for single‐transaction verification. SVST not only efficiently indexes historical transaction outputs to improve verification efficiency, but also significantly reduces the storage requirements for verifying transactions to . Furthermore, the authors analyze the security of ISTVP and demonstrate that it satisfies both persistence and liveness, while maintaining the level of security of full node.
Rethinking the 67 Hz QPO in GRS 1915+105: Type C quasi-periodic oscillations at the innermost stable circular orbit
Authors: Motta S. E. , Belloni T. M.
Published: February 2024

Context. We study quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) at low and high frequency in the variability of the high-energy emission from black hole binaries and their physical interpretation in terms of signatures of General Relativity in the strong-field regime.

Aims. We wish to understand the nature of the 67 Hz QPOs observed in the X-ray emission of the peculiar black hole binary GRS 1915+105 within the general classification of QPOs, and to determine the spin of the black hole in the system by applying the relativistic precession model (RPM).

Methods. Within the RPM, the only relativistic frequency that is stable in time over a wide range of accretion rates and can be as low as 67 Hz (for a dynamically measured black hole mass) is the nodal frequency at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). In the application of the model, this corresponds to type C QPOs. Under this assumption, it is possible to measure the spin of the black hole by using the mass of the black hole previously obtained via dynamical measurements. We re-analysed a large number of Rossi-XTE observations to determine whether other timing features confirm this hypothesis.

Results. The identification of the 67 Hz QPO as the nodal frequency at ISCO yields a value of 0.706 ± 0.034 for the black hole spin. With this spin, the only two QPO detections at higher frequencies available in the literature are consistent with being orbital frequencies at a radius outside ISCO. The high-frequency bumps often observed at frequencies between 10 and 200 Hz follow the correlation expected for orbital and periastron-precession frequencies at even larger radii.
Tracking solar radio bursts using Bayesian multilateration
Authors: Cañizares L. A. , Badman S. T. , Maloney S. A. , Owens M. J. , Weigt D. M. , Carley E. P. , Gallagher P. T.
Published: February 2024

Context. Solar radio bursts (SRBs), such as Type IIs and IIIs, are emitted by electrons propagating through the corona and interplanetary space. Tracking such bursts is key to understanding the properties of accelerated electrons and radio wave propagation as well as the local plasma environment that they propagate through.

Aims. In this work, we present a novel multilateration algorithm called BayEsian LocaLisation Algorithm (BELLA) and validate the algorithm using simulated and observed SRBs. In addition, apparent SRB positions from BELLA are compared with comparable localisation methods and the predictions of solar wind models.

Methods. BELLA uses Bayesian inference to create probabilistic distributions of source positions and their uncertainties. This facilitates the estimation of algorithmic, instrumental, and physical uncertainties in a quantitative manner.

Results. We validated BELLA using simulations and a Type III SRB observed by STEREO A and STEREO B at ±116° from the Sun-Earth line and by Wind at L1. BELLA tracked the Type III source from ∼10–150 R⊙ (2–0.15 MHz) along a spiral trajectory. This allowed for an estimate of an apparent solar wind speed of vsw ∼ 400 km s−1 and a source longitude of ϕ0 ∼ 30°. We compared these results with well-established methods of positioning: Goniopolarimetric (GP), analytical time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), and Solar radio burst Electron Motion Tracker (SEMP). We found them to be in agreement with the results obtained by BELLA. Additionally, the results aligned with solar wind properties assimilated by the Heliospheric Upwind Extrapolation with time dependence (HUXt) model.

Conclusions. We have validated BELLA and used it to identify apparent source positions as well as velocities and densities of the solar wind. Furthermore, we identified higher than expected electron densities, suggesting that the true emission sources were at lower altitudes than those identified by BELLA, an effect that may be due to appreciable scattering of electromagnetic waves by electrons in interplanetary space.
Magnetochronology of solar-type star dynamos
Authors: Noraz Q. , Brun A. S. , Strugarek A.
Published: February 2024

Aims. In this study, we analyse the magnetic field properties of a set of 15 global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of solar-type star dynamos conducted using the ASH code. Our objective is to enhance our understanding of these properties by comparing theoretical results to current observations, and to finally provide fresh insights into the field.

Methods. We analysed the rotational and magnetic properties as a function of various stellar parameters (mass, age, and rotation rate) in a ‘Sun in time’ approach in our extended set of 3D MHD simulations. To facilitate direct comparisons with stellar magnetism observations using various Zeeman-effect techniques, we decomposed the numerical data into vectorial spherical harmonics.

Results.A comparison of the trends we find in our simulations set reveals a promising overall agreement with the observational context of stellar magnetism, enabling us to suggest a plausible scenario for the magneto-rotational evolution of solar-type stars. In particular, we find that the magnetic field may reach a minimum amplitude at a transition value of the Rossby number near unity. This may have important consequences on the long-term evolution of solar-type stars, by impacting the relation between stellar age, rotation, and magnetism. This supports the need for future observational campaigns, especially for stars in the high Rossby number regime.
Dissipationless collapse and the dynamical mass–ellipticity relation of elliptical galaxies in Newtonian gravity and MOND
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco
Published: February 2024

Context. Recent observational studies proposed an empirical relation between the dark-to-total mass ratio and ellipticity in elliptical galaxies based on their observed total dynamical mass-to-light ratio data M/L = (14.1 ± 5.4)ϵ. In other words, the larger the content of dark matter in the galaxy, the more the stellar component will be flattened. If true, this observation appears to be in stark contrast with the commonly accepted galaxy formation scenario, whereby this process takes place inside dark halos with reasonably spherical symmetry.

Aims. Comparing the processes of dissipationless galaxy formation in different theories of gravity and the emergence of the galaxy scaling relations therein provides an important framework within which, in principle, one can discriminate between these processes.

Methods. By means of collisionless N-body simulations in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) and Newtonian gravity with and without active dark matter halos, with both spherical and clumpy initial structure, I study the trends of intrinsic and projected ellipticities, Sérsic index, and anisotropy with the total dynamical-to-stellar mass ratio.

Results. I show that the end products of both cold spherical collapses and mergers of smaller clumps show an increasing departure from spherical symmetry for increasing values of the total dynamical-to-stellar mass ratio, at least in a range of halo masses. The equivalent Newtonian systems of the end products of MOND collapses show a similar behaviour. However, the M/L relation obtained from the numerical experiments in both gravities is rather different from that reported by Deur and coauthors.