bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Stress Levels in Patients Suffering from COVID 19 Infection Admitted in Isolation Ward of a Tertiary Hospital at Hapur as Assessed by Perceived Stress Scale
Authors: Siddharth Kumar  , Sumit Garg
Published: April 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the stress levels in patients suffering from COVID 19. 100 COVID19 patients with age >15 years of both genders were included in the study after taking written informedconsent. All the subjects were administered Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire to fill and scores werecalculated. 82% of the subjects were suffering from high stress while 16% were in moderate category andonly 2% reported low perceived stress. As far as age wise distribution of subjects was considered, 36% were< 40 years of age, 32% were between 40 – 60 years and 32% were more 60 years of age. Out of the females43% had high stress, 3% had moderate and none were in low stress category. While in males 39% had highstress, 13% had moderate and 2% reported low stress. There was a significant increase in the perceived stressscore in females as compared to males (33.08 + 4.29 vs 30.57 + 5.27; p <0.01). So, there is a need to assessthe stress in all COVID 19 patients and regular counselling and psychotherapy should be done specially infemale patients.
A clinical Study of Obstructive Jaundice Due to Biliary Calculi And Its Management
Authors: Pulin Chandra Kumar  , Ahmed Abu Lais Mostak  , Dutta Bhaskar Jyoti
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Jaundice can be classified into prehepatic, hepatic or post hepatic. Out of these, the posthepatic jaundice caused by obstruction to the outflow of bile, also known as obstructive or surgical jaundiceis the most relevant to surgeons. Materials and methods: it is a prospective study done over 100 casesof obstructive jaundice. Results: Highest frequencies (33%) were observed in the age group of 31-40years with male and female ratio 1: 3.7. Serum bilirubin level in calculous obstructive jaundice cases <4(mg%) was observed in 60% of the cases. USG detected stone in 90 patients out of a total of 100(90%).Cholecystectomy with Choledocholithotomy and T-tube Drainage was done in 47% cases. Conclusion: Forproper management clinical evaluation of obstructive jaundice due to biliary calculi in adults is essential.
Evaluation of Sociodemographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women without Any Medico-Legal Issues
Authors: Saikia Dayananda  , Konwar Ranjumoni  , Dutta Bhaskar Jyoti  , Mahanta Putul
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: In light of the pregnancy, identifying sociodemographic issues is crucial foroptimising antenatal care. The period of pregnancy is very critical, as each of the women expects a usualoutcome. Any inconvenience caused to both mother and unborn fetus arising out of the mismanagement mayinvite litigation as prescribed by the land rule. Therefore, we aimed to analyse different sociodemographicfactors associated with pregnancy without medico-legal issues (MLI).Materials and Methods: It is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out on 325 participants of pregnancywithout any MLI. All the participant were observed and interviewed to know the inconvenience faced duringtheir antenatal period if any. The medical record was physically verified, and sociodemographic data wererecorded for analysis. Descriptive statistical methods were computed, and the statistical significance wastested by chi-square test and student’s t-test. ethResults:Majority of patients, i.e. 48% were within the age group of 21 to 25 years. The number of nulliparouswomen was the highest being 143 (44%). Majority of the cases belonged to the middle socioeconomic class.189 (58%) cases came from a rural background while 136 patients (42%) came from urban areas, and 65.5%of cases were the booked cases. Majority of 197 (60.6%) cases comprises Hindu.Conclusion: The pregnancy cases without any medico-legal complication show average sociodemographicfindings. Such findings are useful for targeted health policies aimed at attaining healthy pre-pregnancy care.
Effect of Non-Computerized Cognitive Remediation and Risperidone to Improve Disability Function in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sonny T. Lisal  , Saidah Syamsuddin  , Anisa
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to find out the effect of non-computerized cognitive remediation and risperidonetherapy to improve cognitive function and disability condition in schizophrenia patients. This study was anexperimental research design, with fourteen participants divided into two group as the experimental groupand the control group. The experimental and control groups both received Risperidone. In addition, theexperimental group was given the non-computerized cognitive remediation (CR). The non-computerizedcognitive remediation will be carried out in 12 sessions (3 sessions per week) using mainly paper andpencil tasks and is based on cognitive strategy instruction. Moreover, all samples will be measured forPANSS (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale), WHODAS 2.0 (World Health Organization DisabilityAssessment Schedule), and SCoRS Vi (Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scales Indonesian Version) scores.As the results, both experimental and control group showed a significant decrease in the SCoRS Vi andWHODAS 2.0 score (p=0.001). However, the experimental group showed greater improvement comparedto the control group. Synergistic effect of Non-computerized Cognitive Remediation and Risperidone canimprove disability condition in schizophrenia patients.
Analysis of Defence Injuries in Homicide Cases Categorised in Accordance to Homicide Injury Scale
Authors: Sunil Subramanyam  , Joshima Janardhanan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The instinct of self-preservation drives a person to defend themselves from any violent attackwhich in itself may produce injuries on the body. These are termed as defence injuries. This study aims toanalyse defence injuries in homicide cases which are categorised based on its severity as determined byHomicide Injury Scale (HIS).Methods: This is a retrospective study which included all homicide cases which were autopsied during atwelve year period in a tertiary care hospital. Each of these cases were categorised according to the HIS. Thepresence, type and distribution of defence injuries were then tabulated and analysed.Results: A total of 85 homicide cases were autopsied during the specified study period. Out of these 85cases, 53 cases showed defence injuries (62%) and majority of these cases fell under higher categories ofHIS. Cases categorised under HIS 2,3 and 4 had defence wounds which were more blunt force in naturewhile cases under HIS 5 and 6 had more sharp force defence injuries. Passive defence injuries were founduniformly across all categories of HIS, however active defence injuries were found more in higher categoriesof HIS than in lower ones.Conclusion: This is rare study where the pattern and distribution of defence injuries was analysed based ona standardised scale. Active defence injuries were more commonly seen in homicide cases placed on higherscales of HIS.
Haplotype Profiling of Y-STRs among Northern Population in Thailand
Authors: Supakit Khacha-ananda  , Phatcharin Mahawong  , Thida Kaewkod
Published: April 2021

Background: The investigation of Y-short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) has been widely performed in forensiccaseworks. Due to variation between populations, understanding of genetic information within individual apopulation could provide the database and scientifically reliable results. This study was to investigate alleleand haplotype frequencies of Y-STRs among localized people who lived in northern Thailand.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted by gathering medical reports of Y-STRs typing.The allele frequency and gene diversity as well as haplotype frequency and diversity were calculated.Pairwise genetic distance (Rst) was also calculated based on haplotype pattern by using AMOVA andMultidimensional Scaling (MDS) tools.Results: The result showed that DYS389II, DYS439, and DYS392 represented the highest number of allelepatterns. The highest and lowest allele frequency was found to be allele 14 of DYS437 and allele 13 ofDYS437, respectively. The highest and lowest gene diversity was observed in DYS389II and DYS437,respectively. One-hundred and sixty different haplotypes were defined where 144 carried a unique haplotypeand 16 carried a replicate haplotype. A significant Rst value was obtained between the studied population andcentral Thai population.Conclusion: This study provided genetic database of Y-STRs among localized population in northern regionof Thailand. The genetic structure of our subjects also represented the significant close relationship withsome other populations in Southeast Asia.
Hypolipidemic Effects of Rosa Damascena Mill. Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Tamam Jauhar  , Bilqis Inayatillah  , Maftuchah Rochmanti  , Achmad Basori
Published: April 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic condition with a lot of complication which canlead to death. Vascular complication in diabetes commonly caused by dyslipidemia which characterizedby decreased HDL, elevated LDL, Cholesterol and Triglyceride. Rosa damascena- an ornamental plantthoughts to have anti-hyperglycemia and antioxidant effects because of its large amount of polyphenoliccomponents . This study analyzed hypolipidemic activity properties of an ethanol extract of Rosa damascenaby measuring the lipid profile using various doses. Methods: This research is experimental study withrandomized post-test only control group design. Twenty male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups; The groupswere Healthy Control Group (HCG), Diabetes Group (DG), and Extract Group: P1 (250 mg/kgBW), P2(500 mg/kgBW), P3 (1000 mg/kgBW). All treatment groups were injected by single-dose streptozotocin50 mg/kgBW to induce diabetes, and given the Rosa damascena ethanolic extract oral treatment for 2weeks. Statistical results showed that Rosa damascena significantly decrease cholesterol (58.2±15.19), LDL(11±2.44) optimally in dose 250 mg/KgBW and triglyceride (96.7±44.2) optimally in dose 500 mg/kgBWafter 14 days. Conclusion: Rosa damascena extract seems to be great candidate for anti-hyperlipidemicdrugs.
Awareness and Attitude Towards Organ Donation Under Transplantation of Human Organ Act 1994 amongst Medical Students in Teaching Hospital at Chennai
Authors: S. K .Tanissha  , P Shruthi
Published: April 2021

Organ transplantation, a treatment procedure to save the lives of patients with end stage organ failure is agrey zone about which the multitude is still unaware. The attitude of the Indian population towards organdonation is very bleak accounting to a rate of 0.26 per ten lakh people. A cross-sectional study was conductedamong 300 medical students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge andattitude regarding organ donation. Data collected was statistically analysed using SPSS software. 96% ofthe study participants were aware about organ donation and 98.5% believed that organ donation should bepromoted. 4.8% participants of this study had already signed up the organ donation form .Willingness fororgan donation was significantly associated with knowledge about organ donation. When compared to boys,girls reported higher mean scores in knowledge (8.48±1.11) and attitude (7.38±0.85). Though most of thestudents had adequate knowledge, gaps existed in their practices. By providing adequate knowledge andorientation about the topic, all the Medical graduates can become the potential organ donors in the futureand also abide by the law of land by motivating the patients to donate their organs.
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroidectomy Surgery
Authors: Taufiq Urahman  , Sunarto Reksoprawiro
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The thyroid gland is one of the endocrine glands with the most frequent disorders or diseasescompared to other endocrine glands. Treatment of these disorders is generally performed by surgery orcalled a thyroidectomy. Thyroidectomy surgery can pose a risk of complications, both early complications,and late complications. Common complications are hemorrhage, hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngealnerve injury, and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.Purpose: To analyze the effect of the surgical method of superior thyroideal vasa ligation as distally aspossible on the prevention of injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) inthyroidectomy.Methods: Clinical trial study with pre and post-test design in patients undergoing thyroidectomy surgery.Patients were examined using a questionnaire of the injury-related voice of EBSLN (SKC-EBSLN), whichtested the validity and reliability of the previous test and measured 1-octave sound ability before and afterthyroidectomy surgery using the superior thyroidectomy vasa ligation method as distally as possible to seeits effect on EBLSN function and tone ability function.Results: There were differences in the scores of the SKC-EBSLN questionnaire before and afterthyroidectomy surgery using the method of superior thyroideal vasa ligation as distally as possible (p<0.05). Further analysis showed that clinical diagnosis, surgery, tumor size, and AP outcome did not havea statistically significant effect on the postoperative SKC-EBSLN score (p> 0.05). In this study, the SKCEBSLN score had a significant effect on the 1-octave tone ability (p <0.05).Conclusion: As many as 51.9% of patients had a normal voice condition with few complaints and wereable to sing 1-octave tone after surgery using the method of superior thyroidal vasa ligation as distally aspossible. The SKC-EBSLN questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate the results ofthyroidectomy surgery.
Stature Determination from 3D Foot Impression among Telugus in Malaysia
Authors: Nataraja Moorthy T  , Sangitha J
Published: April 2021

Personal identification is the primary aim of anyforensic investigations. Foot impressions, either 2D or 3Dare used for person identification. Foot impression found on soft surfaces is three dimension in nature (3D),also namedfoot outline which shows the boundaries of the foot left by the offenders on soft surfaces. It is afact that 3D impressions can also be used to determine stature, body weight and gender. In the developingcountries, people are still walking barefooted. Earlier foot impression studies were conducted on mixedpopulation and currently researchers are insisting the importance of ethnicity consideration.MalaysianIndians are an important ethnic group living in Malaysia, with minor sub-ethnicgroups such as Malayali,Telugu, Sikh, Tamil, and others. Hence this study intends to examine the relationship between stature and 3Dfoot lengths among Malaysian Telugus, mostly living in peninsular Malaysia. The stature and foot outlines(3D) were collected from consented Telugu 140 subjects, comprising 73 males and 67 females, age rangingfrom 18 to 60 years old. The data obtained were analysed statistically using SPSS software version 21.0.There exists a strong positive correlation between stature and 3D foot impression lengths and the correlationcoefficient (R) values are found to be higher in unknown gender/pooled samplefollowed by males andfemales. This study developed regression formulae to determine stature from foot outline (3D) lengthsamong Malaysian Telugus for crime scene investigation. The equations are population specific and shouldnot be used for any other populations.
Sexual Dimorphism from Fingerprint Ridge Density among KagayAnons of Philippines for Forensic Application
Authors: Nataraja Moorthy T  , Aidil Nur Liyana M  , Ivan Nikkimor LD  , Ariel Philip IP
Published: April 2021

Hand morphology and fingerprint patterns form a valuable tool for person identification. Sex identificationis a vital role in forensic and medico legal investigations. Determination of sex or gender of an individual isimportant because it can help in the forensic investigators to identify the suspect if male or female based onthe ridge density of handprint or palm print. The present study used fingerprints collected fromKagay-anonpopulation for determination of gender through ridge density. A total of 4000fingerprints (200 males and200 females) were collected and analyzed using the “Acree” method of ridge density counting within 5mmx 5mm square area calculated the ridge density. The mean ridge density iscomparatively higher in females(12.39-14.14) than males (11.06-11.87) in the fingerprints of the study population. The results are presentedin the form of tables and graphs.
Sexual Dimorphism from Foot Morphometry : A Study among Two Endogamous Groups of North India
Authors: Bhamini Sharma  , Reena Singla  , Vishal Verma
Published: April 2021

Background: The present study aims to exhibit sexual dimorphism from foot morphometry and to find if it can be used as a tool for sex determination in forensic sciences among two endogamous groups (baniya, jats) of North Indian population. It is also aimed at providing anthropometric values for foot length and foot breadth and comparing them to existing data needed for the establishment of reference standard for the study groups on the basis of which various endogamous groups can be compared with one another and sexual differences established. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out at Department of Anatomy , MMIMSR Mullana –Ambala, on 400 subjects(100 males,100 females of each group) belonging to baniya and jats community of North India between 21-35 years of age. Foot morphometry was done with the help of osteometric board and results were statistically analysed. Results: The mean Foot length in males was 3 cm more than females with highly significant p value. The mean foot breadth of males was 1 cm higher than females with statistically significant p value. The mean foot length and foot breadth of jat group was more as compared to Baniya group with highly significant p value.The Mean Foot index ranges from 37(jats) – 36.9 (Baniya) males. In females,the range of mean foot index is between 37.73 (jats) -38.25 (baniya) . Conclusion: Males belonging to jat and baniya community had higher mean foot length,foot breadth than females. Among the study groups,jats males and females have longer and broader feet than baniya males and females.Foot index <37 is suggestive of male foot and >37 female foot and can be used as a reference point for sex determination among study groups.
A Survey to Assess Oral Hygiene Awareness, Difficulties Faced and Satisfaction Level During and after Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Vignesh Kamath  , Vinay Guggari  , Amol Sangewar  , Harsha Hegde  , Priya Mukherjee  , Swapna Bettanapalya Venkatesh  , Smitha Sammith Shetty
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The foremost goal of orthodontic treatment is to improve dental occlusion and alignmentof teeth, which eventually results in a healthy functioning of dentition and facial aesthetics. The aim of thepresent study was to assess the oral hygiene awareness, difficulties faced and satisfaction level among agroup of students undergoing orthodontic therapy during and after treatment.Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 students from Melaka Manipal Medical College, who receivedorthodontic treatment were included in the study. A cross - sectional study in the form of self-administeredquestionnaire was carried out. The questions were based mainly to assess the difficulties faced, awarenesswith regard to oral hygiene and satisfaction level of the participants during and after orthodontic treatment.Results: The difficulties faced by orthodontics patients were in the range of 65 to 85%, which were troublesleeping, food lodgement and difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene. Study participants were not aware ofvarious cleaning modes though more than 50% used floss. In the post treatment phase, aesthetic appearancewas found to be better.Conclusion: The present study showed that the participants who were undergoing orthodontic treatment didnot have sufficient knowledge about oral hygiene practices. The participants were satisfied with the aestheticappearance post treatment.
Telemedicine : Guidelines in India and its Importance in COVID Pandemic
Authors: Vikas Gurbani  , Shagun Thakur
Published: April 2021

Social Distancing became the new norm in the COVID 19 pandemic. While at one side the world-widemedical fraternity is finding ways to combat the viral infection, there were patients with existing illness whoneeded follow-up care. The role of Telemedicine became important under such circumstances.A study conducted by Earnst & Young (EY) in association with Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA)[Mar’20], estimated the Telemedicine market in India to reach $5.5 billion By 2025[3]. These telemedicinecompanies offer services like teleconsultation, e-prescription, e-pharmacy and online ordering & schedulingof laboratory investigations.Just after the start of statutory lockdown in India in view of COVID pandemic, on 25 March’2020, theBOARD OF GOVERNORS in supersession of the Medical Council of India notified the “TelemedicinePractice Guidelines” to enable R.M.P.s to provide healthcare using Telemedicine [7]. [This constitutesAppendix 5 of the Indian Medical Council (Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Ethics Regulation, 2002]Although the practice of Telemedicine was going on in some form or the other in the last two decades, butthere was a question with respect to its legitimacy and acceptance by the medical fraternity at large. Thenotification of these guidelines has cleared the picture to a large extent and lays the foundation for this newtool of medicine practice.This article is a peak into the current guidelines of Telemedicine in India and its usefulness in the COVIDpandemic.
The Clinical Effect of Super Oxidized Water Mouthwash on The Periodontal Parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Index And Bleeding on Probing) for Patients with Dental Biofilm Induced Gingivitis
Authors: Ali Jawad M. Ali  , Ali1, Maha Sh. Mahmood  , Saif S. Saliem
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the most predominant periodontal diseases is the dental biofilm induced gingivitis. : Forthe past 20 years, super-oxidized solutions have been shown to be powerful antimicrobials and disinfectantsvia oxidative damage. The taste is better than chlorhexidine and doesn’t stain the teeth. Microsafe®, a superoxidized solution for gingival care, offers a completely improved approach to treatment of gingivitis.Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of super oxidized water mouthwash by improving gingival health in dentalbiofilm induced gingivitis. .Materials and Methods: 45 adult male patients with generalized dental biofilm induced gingivitisparticipated in the double blinded randomized controlled parallel study divided into three groups, twomouthwashes and distilled water( negative control) used during seven days periods as adjunctive to regularmechanical oral hygiene(brushing and interdental aids cleaning), one group received super oxidized watermouthwash (Microsafe®) three times daily and the second group received 0.12% alcohol-free chlorhexidinemouthwash (Kin gingival®) twice daily and the third group received distilled water twice daily (negativecontrol).Results: According to the plaque index, highly significant improvement of all treatment groups was observedin the second visit one-week post treatment. Microsafe® (SOW) showed to have clinical outcomes closedto the effect of CHX (the positive control) than the negative control group (D.W group). According to theGI, there was a significant difference between the study groups in the2nd visit after treatment and CHX wasappeared to be most effective when compared to Microsafe®.According to BOP , all the treatment groups showed reduced BOP one-week between the 1st visit and the 2ndvisit ; although, CHX showed better outcomes (the mean difference was 14.258 ) when compared to D.Wand Microsafe® groups( the mean differences were 10.838, 9.9 respectively).Conclusion: There was a positive effect of topical application of Microsafe® mouthwash as adjunctiveto regular mechanical oral hygiene on gingival inflammation three times daily after one week. This wasimproved by clinical periodontal parameters (PlI , GI and BOP).
Synthesis and Identification and Biological Studies of New Azo Dyes Derived from Imidazole and their Chelate Complexes
Authors: Fatima J. Ali  , Layla A. M. AL-Ameri  , AbidAllah M. Ali
Published: April 2021

Anew azo ligand (E)-2-((4- fluoro phenyl)diazenyl)-4,5-bis(4-methoxy phenyl)-1H-imidazolehas beensynthesized from coupling 4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole with para-chloro-anline. The structures ofthe new ligand and their transition metal complexes ware investigated and characterized using differentphysicochemical studies as elemental analysis, IR spectra, 1HNMR,, UV-Vis spectra, mass spectra, Molarconductance ,and magnetic susceptibility .The complexes were found to have the general formula [ML2Cl2].H2O where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) ,Mn(II),and Fe(II), [MLCl2].H2Owhere M=Zn(II),Cd(II),Hg(II), andPd(II). The IR results demonstrate that the co-ordination sites are the azomethine nitrogen of the imidazolering and azo nitrogen atom of the azo ligand. The electronic spectral and magnetic measurement dataindicate that the complexes exhibit octahedral geometry,except the Zn(II),Cd(II),andHg(II) complexessuggest tetrahedral and Pd(II) a square planar geometry.The cytotoxicity of Pd(II) complex on human LungCancer (SCLC) and normal cells.
The Effects of Mouth Bacterial Infection on Saliva Flow
Authors: Mohammed F. Jubaz  , Rawaa M. Mohammed  , Syoof Khoman Alwan
Published: April 2021

Background: Mouth bacterial infections most probably due to dental cares are a prevalent disease. Salivaryflow rate is affected by many diseases but there is not enough published data about the effect of mouthbacterial infection on the salivary flow rate. Objective: this study examines the relationship between salivaryflow rate and mouth bacterial infection in adult population. Methodology: cross sectional study. Result:salivary flow rate is affected by mouth bacterial infection as it is founded to be very low flow rate in 17% andlow flow rate in 40% of the sample population. Conclusion Salivary flow rate is affected by oral bacterialinfections that need urgent medical intervention to improve the outcome of those patients.
Histogenesis of Skin in Fetal Period of Rabbits
Authors: Hajar Kamel Ahmed  , Mahdi Salih Shallal Alheety
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted on skin samples from New Zealand white rabbits during the period E15 daysprenatal to E25. to investigate the histomorphological development of the skin, hair follicle, Sebaceousglands.Early in the fetal life (E15) the epidermis is in the form of simple squamous epithelium or stratified Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium of two or more layers, depending on the region studied, while the dermisis in the form of loose connective tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in a loose and irregular shape.(E20) prenatal, the epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium non-keratinized composed of more thanthree layers including the periderm, the intermediate layer and the basal layer in all regions, except Fingeredhand and foot that appearance keratinized squamous. the cells of the mesoderm begin to condense underthe basal layer, indicating the beginning of the formation of hairs placodes. Stratification became evidentin(E25) of prenatal with a marked keratinized and extension of hair follicles in the dermis, accompanied bythe beginning of the development of sebaceous glands in the form of a group of cells. During our study ofthe development of the skin of the New Zealand rabbit before birth, we could not notice any sweat glandsin the examined skin samples.
Bioremediation of Chlorpyrifos Insecticide by using Aeromonas Hydrophila Bacteria
Authors: Sufyan Mohammed Shartooh  , Mohammed Fadhil Abood  , Rasha Kifah Hassan
Published: April 2021

Several bacteria species may have the ability to degrade and digest soundly the residuals of certain insecticidewith causing any deteriorated consequences. This work was designed to examine the ability of Aeromonashydrophila bacteria for biodegrading of chlorpyrifos insecticide from contaminated soil. However, soilsample was collected from home garden at depth of 10 cm while the chlorpyrifos insecticide was obtainedfrom the local market. Meanwhile Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria were isolated from the garden soil. Thebacterial cultural media were prepared to consist of (NH4)2SO4 (1g), NaCl (6g ), K2HPO4 (0.5g), yeastextract (1g ), MgSO4 (0.1g) and CMC (5g). This work has examined the efficiency of A. hydrophila bacteriato remove insecticide from the soil under various growing conditions such as five different pH values,five termperature degrees and four insecticide concentrations. The obtained results showed that the highestbacterial efficiency (98.0 ± 7.8%) was recorded as pH value of 6 and it was 91.1 ± 6.0% at temperature of40 ° C while it was 99.1 ± 6.8 % at insecticide concentration of 25 ppm.
Histological Features of the Vomeronasal Organ in New Born Lambs (Ovis aries)
Authors: Dhyaa, Ab. Abood  , Safaa Madi Hohammed
Published: April 2021

Background: vomernasal organ is an auxiliary olfactory organ which located at the base of nasal septumcomposed of olfactory epithelium and being enclosed by cartilaginous capsule. The current study was aimedto investigate the histological structure of vomernasal organ in new born lamb.Methods: six heads of new born lamb were used for this study. The nasal cavity including the hard palatewas sward up into four transvers sections. The sections were processed with paraffin embedding techniqueand tissue sections were stained with H&E stain.Conclusions: The rostral and middle portions of vomeronasals duct had medial and lateral walls with crescentshape lumen and enclosed completely by hyaline cartilage. The medial wall was lined with still diffentiatingneuro-epithelium, possessed many of intra epithelial capillaries and composed of supporting, bipolar neuron& basal cells. The lateral wall was lined with differentiating respiratory epithelium. The lamina propriasubmucosa beneath both neuro and respiratory epithelia composed of ruminant of embryonic mesenchymaltissue contained newly formed glands, blood vessels and nerves. A significant (p<0.05) difference wasrecoded between the diameters of the rostral, middle portions and caudal portion of both gender and therewere no differences between genders. The epithelial height of the neuro epithelia of the middle portion inboth gender had significant value (p<0.05) in compare with epithelia of other portions.
Association between Genetic Polymorphism of ADH3 exon 8 and ADH2 exon 9 Genes and Specific Enzymes with Alcoholism
Authors: Anwar A. Abdulla
Published: April 2021

A retrospective cohort study of the relationship between ADH2- exon9 and ADH3 exon 8 genes polymorphismswith specific enzymes SGOT, SGPT, and catalase among Iraqi individuals identified with alcohol abusewas conducted during period from December 2018 to June 2019. Blood samples of the research subjectshave extracted DNA. The genetic polymorphisms analyses were conducted by Restriction Fragment LengthPolymorphism (RFLP-PCR) for ADH2- exon9 and ADH3 exon 8 genes. The current study shows that thepresence of a catalase was significantly associated with genotype of ADH2- exon9 (AA, AC, CC) amongcases at (p < 0.05). Whereas the presence of an SGOT, SGPT and catalase were non significantly associatedwith genotype of ADH3 exon 8 (AA, AG, GG) among cases at (p < 0.05), while SGPT was significantlyamong control at (p < 0.05).
The impact of Specific Exercises by Means of Assisting in Developing some Bio-Movement Abilities and Accuracy of Some Offensive Skills for Young Basketball Players
Authors: Zainab Abdul Sadah Ali Marhoon  , Ayman Hani Abdul-Jabburi  , Mustafa Adil Alwan
Published: April 2021

The current research aims to identify the following: Preparing specific exercises using assistant means .Knowing the effect of specific exercises by using assistant means in developing some bio-movement abilitiesand accuracy of some offensive skills in basketball for youth. The experimental design is used, also the searchcommunity is identified by the young basketball players in the Mahawil Sports Club, which numbered (24)players. Then, the offensive skills test was applied to them, as well as the appropriate statistical treatmentswere used to reach the results, then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, as it is reached thefollowing:1. By using of the specific exercises has a positive effect in developing some bio-movement abilities andoffensive skills of young basketball players.2. Using of the teaching means is better than the used method, which increased the effectiveness of learningsome offensive skills in the basketball game.3. The qualitative exercises by using the educational methods had an effect in controlling the accuracy ofperformance of skills with the correct way.Based on the results of the research, the researchers have reached the most important recommendations:1. Adopting a qualitative exercises approach by using educational methods in the process of learning youththe basketball skills as well as the possibility of using them for students.2. Relying on educational means as an essential part of the content of the educational curriculum for skillsin youth basketball.3. Emphasizing on generalizing the contents of the qualitative exercises in learning basketball and benefitingfrom the experiences it provides in the educational process.
An analytical Study of the Reality of Legal Knowledge of Some Group Games among Physical Education Teachers in Babylon
Authors: Saddam Fakhri Barto  , Husam Kadhim Jawad  , Hayder Jasim Shaalan
Published: April 2021

The research objectives to identify the level of legal knowledge of physical education teachers in Babylongovernorate, as for the research methodology, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the style ofsurvey studies because it is the best and easiest curriculum to reach the achievement of the objectives to beresearched. The research community of physical education teachers in the Babylon education directoratefor the academic year 2020-2021 has been identified, their number (699) distributed into four departmentseach: From (Al-Hilla Al-Markazi, Al-Mahawil District, Al-Hashemiya District, Al-Musayyib District),as for the research sample, it was determined randomly by (223) teachers and schools, and it formed apercentage of (31,90) of the research community. As for the most important conclusions, they were that thecurrent scale is able to reveal the level of legal knowledge of physical education teachers, as the scale showsthat there is a clear weakness in the legal knowledge of physical education teachers in some group gamesresulting from not following up on the amendments to the law of these games. As for the most importantrecommendations, they were as follows: Paying attention to the law for all games in a more serious mannerby physical education teachers, it is also necessary to give part of the lesson time in which the legal aspect isaddressed and to hold courses or training sessions to explain and interpret the articles of law for some groupgames, and also directing teachers by their supervisors upon their visits to a simplified explanation of thelaw during the implementation of the lesson plan, with the follow-up of sports activity through field visits tofind out the legal level of physical education teachers, especially (female teachers).
Study the Relation of Copeptin and Some Biochemical Parameters in with Obesity in Kirkuk City
Authors: Iman Abbas Ghaeb Al-Bayati  , Salam Shihab Ahmed  , Hassan Ismail Sultan
Published: April 2021

In this Case-Control Study, One hundred thirty six adult subjects with obesity were separated to take partin the current research. At the Kirkuk General Hospital in Kirkuk City- Iraq, Applying this study had donefor the duration of the 16th of February to the end of June 2020 Adult subjects with obesity outpatientattended to Kirkuk General Hospital were enrolled in this research. Ages of adult persons were amid 18 to62 years and they were from the center and periphery of Kirkuk City. Thirty one adult persons with obesitywere considered as a study group, thirty adult persons were measured as control, sixty-three adult personsdidn’t assembly the inclusion criteria and 20 adult persons refuse to participate in this study because of thein agreement of their people. Blood sample were collected from each adult person for determination ofcopepetin, lipid profile and blood sugar determination. The study revealed that the mean of copeptin washigher in obese group as compared with healthy control group (166.4±81.8 vs. 35.01±12.3 pg/ml). Thestudy showed a significant difference between obese and the control group regarding fasting blood sugar(FBS) (119.3±12.5 and 98.2±11.6 mg/dl) respectively. The study showed that, the mean serum triglyceridewas recorded to be higher in obese group (110.4±45.3 mg/dl) as compared with healthy control group (90.9±29.1 mg/dl). The study showed that, the mean of serum cholesterol was higher in obese group (170.7±36.3mg/dl) as compared with healthy control group (151.7 ±29.6 mg/dl). The study showed that, the lowestmean of serum HDL was recorded in obese group (41.6±14.5 mg/dl) as compared with healthy control group(61.44 ±7.63 mg/dl). The study showed that, the highest mean of serum LDL and VLDL was recorded inobese group as compared with healthy control group. The study showed negative correlation between serumcopeptin and FBS in obese individuals. It was concluded that, Serum copeptin was significantly higher inobese group as compared with healthy control group and there was a negative correlation between copeptinand blood sugar levels
Assessment of Type-2-Diabetics’ Patient Knowledge toward Diabetics’ Control Methods at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City
Authors: Saad Abdul-Ridh Jissir
Published: April 2021

The study aims to assess the level of type (2)diabetic patients’ knowledge toward diabetes control methodsand to find out the relationship between diabetic patients’ knowledge toward diabetes control methods andtheir demographic characteristics that include (age, gender, and level of education). A quantitative descriptivestudy design was carried out at medical wards in Baghdad teaching hospital, for the period of January, 20th2019 to April 20th 2019, data was collected7th-30th March2019. The study sample is composed of (30)patients who were treated in medical wards at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The questionnaire consists oftwo parts; first is concerned with the demographic and personal data for patients; and the second part isconcerned with patient knowledge toward diabetes control methods, that include diet, exercise and weightloss. The data have been analyzed through the application of: descriptive analysis that include frequency,percentages; mean of scores, and the inferential analysis that include: Analysis of variance and the researcherused the SPSS version 20 to analysis of data. The study identified that more than half of the study sample(53.3%) were male at age(45-64), in relation to level of education, most of the patients were illiterate. mostpatients have regular follow up, always use self- blood glucose monitoring practice, (73.3%) were receivinginformation about diabetes mellitus (DM). (83.3%) have information about diet. Polyuria and Hunger ismost specific signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia determined by patients, (66.7%)don’t have physical exercise and walking is chosen exercise of patient for 30< min in day. Most patient usehas diet adjustment especially in dinner meal. There is no significant difference between patient knowledgeand demographic characteristics.
Effect of Litter Size Manipulation on the Reproductive Performance of BALB/C Mice
Authors: Laith Mahdi Muhammad  , Aqeel Handil Al Jothery  , Hikmat Sahib Nassir
Published: April 2021

Many of previous studies on lactating animals with natural litters did not support the negative link betweenlitter size and pup mass; however, artificial manipulation of litters could be an option to support that. Inthis study, we manipulated the litters of lactating BALB/C mice with having two groups. Enlarged litter SL(LS=8; N=5) and reduced litters SS (LS=2; N=6) were used in this experiment and also 7 virgin female micewere assigned for control group. Mother’s body mass and food intake were daily measured throughout theexperiment. Litter size, litter mass, pup mass, mortality rate of pups in the studied groups were also dailymeasured throughout lactation. The lactating mice in both groups significantly ate more food intake comparedto non –reproducing mice. Mice with enlarged litters had significantly greater food intake compared to themice with reduced litters. Litter masses at weaning of SL mice were significantly higher compared to theSS mice. However, pup mass at weaning was significantly lighter in SL mice compared to the pup mass inthe SS mice. Our present study concludes that the litter size of manipulated litters was negatively associatedwith pup mass at weaning
Study the Prevalence and Symptoms of COVID-19 Patients in Kirkuk City
Authors: Muayad Khalaf Ibrahim  , Farmesk Ibrahim Ridha  , Ali Muhye Aldeen Rasheed
Published: April 2021

The study was conducted in the city of Kirkuk in July 2020 and included 100 people who visited hospitalsand health sectors in the city of Kirkuk, which is located in northern Iraq. As the study included ages thatranged between 12 and 72 years and from both sexes, the study also included 100 people who did not sufferfrom any symptoms or signs related to the Covid-19 virus. As the people who were included in the studyare from the people who reviewed, like what we said in hospitals and sectors, and they were suffering fromhigh temperatures, cough or both, fatigue and fatigue, and those who had direct contact with infected peoplewere taken from them and from a group of nasopharyngeal swabs for detection of Covid-19 virus by PCR.The PCR tests were done by the PCR in the Public Health Laboratory and the Kirkuk General Hospital,and special thanks to the staff. These checks were made for patients by protocols by the Iraqi Ministryof Health and the World Health Organization to investigate the RNA of the virus. The study showed theprevalence of Covid-19 was 66% in suspected patients and 10% in healthy persons. The study demonstratedthat, majority of patients with novel corona virus infection were from urban area. The study showed that,majority of patients were aged from 22 to 41 years of old (P. value <0.001). The study showed that 63.64%of COVID-19 patients were males compared with 36.36% females (P<0.05). The study showed that 51.52%of COVID-19 patients were smokers (P>0.05). The study demonstrated that, 45.45% of COVID-19positive patients were with mild infection, 18.18% were with asymptomatic features, 16.67%were with moderate infection and 4.55% were with severe infection while 80% of healthy personwho was +ve to Covid-19 were with asymptomatic infection
Effect of Dual-Chamber Pacemakers with Various Atrioventricular Intervals on Systolic Function, Diastolic Function, and Plasma Level of NT-pro BNP in a Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Mudhaffar Sami Khaza`al  , Zahraa Abdulali Al-Mudhafar  , Ahmed Hussein Al-Mayali
Published: April 2021

Background: The use of dual-chambers (DDD) pacemakers is steadily increasing a year after year and oneof the programmable settings for these pacemakers is the duration of the atrioventricular interval (AVI).AVI manipulation is justified for a variety of reasons including better hemodynamic stability and extendingthe battery life of the pacemaker. Since plasma NT-proBNP level reflects the myocardial wall tension, wehypothesized that different durations of AVI may have an effect on cardiomoycytes stretch and myocardialwall tension and hence an effect on plasma NT-proBNP level. So we tried to use plasma NT-proBNP as amarker for that strain, if present. Also, we tried to explore the effect of DDD pacemakers on both the systolicand the diastolic functions of the heart using conventional echocardiographic parameters.Methods: 52 patients with permanent dual-chambers pacemaker were recruited. We exclude those withheart failure, renal impairment, and major valvular or coronary vessels disease. All patients had a thoroughmedical history and examination, ECG, echocardiography (2-D, M-mode, and Doppler) as well as bloodsampling for NT-proBNP. Based on the shape of their E-A waves by pulsed-wave Doppler of transmitralflow, they were grouped in 3 categories. Group-A included those with truncated A-wave, group-B comprisedthose with separated E and A waves, and group-C involved those with fused E-A waves with or withoutdiastolic mitral regurgitation.Results: there was statistically significant difference in the duration of AVI among the 3 groups (p <0.001)with patients having fused E-A waves recorded the longest AVIs. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were significantlyhigher when E-A waves were fused (p <0.001). The systolic parameters such as the cardiac output, the strokevolume and the ejection fraction were higher when there was neither A-wave truncation nor E-A wavefusion (p <0.001). All patients showed evidences of diastolic dysfunction.Conclusion: despite the fact that DDD pacemakers are more physiological mode of pacing, neverthelessthey induce some grade of diastolic heart failure. Manipulating the AVI into longer than the device`s defaultvalues should be carefully judged since it is associated with higher levels of plasma NT-proBNP levels thatreflect cardiac wall tension and strain which in turn may progresses in future into another cardiac problemssuch as atrial fibrillation.
Awareness of Primary Schools Teachers towards Mumps in Basrah city
Authors: Adil Ali Hussein  , Sounds Baqer Dawood  , Hussein Fakher Kamel
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Assessment of primary schools teachers’ Awareness towards mumps in Basra cityMethods: A descriptive study was conducted at (9) primary school at Al-Seraghi sectors in BASRA City,from January 14th 2020 to March 12th 2020. A probability stratified random sample of (100) teachers whoteach science subject was selected, and had at employment in the teaching field. A questionnaire formatwas used which was consisted of (2) parts. The overall number of the items included in the questionnairewere (57) items. The first part was related to the demographic data of the teachers, the second part (fivesections) was concerned with teachers’ knowledge about health promotion. Data were analyzed through theapplication of descriptive statistical analysis which included; frequency and percentage, and the applicationof inferential statistical analysis which included; mean of score, and Chi-square test.Results: The study revealed that teachers have acquired good level of knowledge about mumps disease ,medium about method ,symptoms, and control diseases was poor knowledgeConclusions: the relationship between teachers’ knowledge and their demographic characteristics, dataanalysis has showed that there is significant association between teachers’ knowledge mumps except ofyears experiences.Recommendations: The study recommends that there is a need for -oriented education program whichcan be designed, constructed and presented to primary school teachers with great emphasis on all aspectsof steps mumps diseases . Furthermore, teacher can be nominated and encouraged to actively participate ineducation training sessions. Also, the importance of a collaborative work which can be initiated between thehealth Directorate of Education health promotion and the Directorate of primary teaching to create facilitiesfor the implementation of health promotion oriented education program.