bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEDUDUKAN ELIT PRIBUMI DALAM PEMERINTAHAN DI JAWA BARAT (1925-1942)
Authors: Ismarini Ani
Published: March 2018

AbstrakTerbentuknya Province West-Java lebih karena munculnya tuntutan dari masyarakat Hindia Belanda saat itu yang memang sudah mengalami dinamisasi, perkembangan, dan kemajuan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Tuntutan yang mereka ajukan adalah otonomi yang lebih besar yang berkait aspek-aspek politik. Di samping itu, penduduk pun menuntut makin meningkatnya pelayanan pemerintah dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan yang mereka butuhkan. Guna menjawab tuntutan itu dibentuklah pemerintahan Province West-Java. Dalam rangka menjalankan roda pemerintahan diangkatlah sejumlah pejabat yang kebanyakan berasal dari penduduk bumi putera. Momentum ini merupakan kesempatan awal bagi elit pribumi terlibat dalam birokrasi pemerintahan modern. Selanjutnya pengalaman ini menjadi bekal mereka dalam mengelola pemerintahan pada masa-masa berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan kerja: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. AbstractWest-Java Province is formed because emerging demands of Nederland-Indie society at that time who had dynamic, growth, and progress in various aspects of life. Their conspicuous demand was greater autonomy related to political aspects. Besides, the people also demanded better government service in many aspects of life. Therefore, West-Java Province government formed. To run the government, some officials who mostly come from native citizen appointed. This momentum is early oppurtunity for the indigenous elite to get involved in the bureaucracy of modern government. In addition, this experience into their stock in managing the government in the sequent periods. This research uses historical method includes four phases, that are heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.
PERLAWANAN PETANI DI TANAH PARTIKELIR TANJOENG OOST BATAVIA TAHUN 1916
Authors: Imadudin Iim
Published: March 2018

AbstrakSepanjang abad XIX dan awal abad XX terjadi banyak pergolakan di Nusantara. Salah satu di antaranya terjadi di tanah partikelir Tanjoeng Oost Batavia. Perlawanan Entong Gendut di Tanjoeng Oost Batavia pada tahun 1916 berkaitan dengan sistem tanah partikelir di daerah tersebut. Peristiwa tersebut mencerminkan terjadinya ketegangan horizontal maupun vertikal. Di tanah partikelir Tanjoeng Oost Batavia, tuan tanah mengeksploitasi tanah dan petani yang hidup di wilayahnya. Sejak diberlakukannya UU Agraria 1870, pemilik modal menjadikan tanah sebagaialat produksi. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada lagi hubungan yang bersifat mutualistis, namun bergeser pada aspek komersialisasi pertanian. Para petani yang bekerja pada perkebunan memperoleh perlakuan yang sewenang-wenang. Peraturan tanah partikelir sering berubah-ubah, pajak tidak tetap, dan pemberlakuan kerja wajib. Dalam kondisi demikian, timbullah gerakan perlawanan yang dimotivasi oleh semangat keagamaan. Para pengikut Entong Gendut menganggap dirinya sebagai ratu adil. Penelitian yang mempergunakan metode sejarah ini bertujuan mengungkap perlawanan Entong Gendut dan respons pemerintah kolonial terhadap gerakan petani di tanah partikelir Tanjoeng Oost. Kajian mengenai resistensi petani era kolonial dalam konteks tanahpartikelir penting sebagai bahan refleksi sejarah. Meski pernyataan sejarah berulang sekarang dipertanyakan, namun terdapat kemiripan pola-pola protes sosial dari dulu hingga kini. AbstractThere are a lot of upheaval in the archipelago throughout the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. One of them are occurred on private land Tanjoeng Oost Batavia. Entong Geendut resistance in Tanjoeng Oost Batavia in 1916 relating to the system of private land in the area. These events reflect the horizontal and vertical tension. In the private land of Tanjoeng Oost Batavia, landlords exploit the land and the farmers who live in the territory. Since the enactment of the Agrarian Law, 1870, owners of capital make the soil as a production tool. Therefore, there is no relationship of mutualism, but shifts in aspects of agricultural commercialization. The peasants who worked on the plantation earned arbitrary treatment. Regulation of private land ever-changing, taxes are not fixed, and the imposition of compulsory labor. In such conditions, there was a resistance movement motivated by religious fervor. The fellow of Entong Gendut consider themselves to be fair queen. The research method is historical method and try to reveal the Entong Gendut struggle against the colonial government's as a response to the peasant movement in Oost Tanjoeng private land. The study of peasant resistance in colonial era important in the context of private land as a reflection of history. Although history repeats itself now as a questionable statements, but there are similar patterns of social protests of the past until now.
FENOMENA PENGGUNAAN MAGI PADA KALANGAN SINDEN DI KABUPATEN SUBANG – JAWA BARAT (STUDI TENTANG SISTEM RELIGI)
Authors: Rosyadi Rosyadi
Published: March 2018

AbstrakDi lingkungan masyarakat Sunda, khususnya pada kalangan seniman Sunda, daerah Subang dikenal sebagai ‘lumbung” sinden yang telah mengorbitkan dan mengantarkan beberapa nama sinden ke puncak popularitasnya. Kondisi ini tidak luput dari lingkungan sosial budaya masyarakat Subang itu sendiri yang gemar berkesenian, baik sebagai seniman praktisi, pemerhati, maupun penikmat karya seni tradisional. Di samping itu, masyarakat Subang yang dalam kehidupan religinya masih kuat memegang adat istiadat, juga turut memengaruhi perkembangan seni sinden. Kepercayaan masyarakat setempat terhadap dunia gaib dan kekuatan-kekuatan gaib, turut pula mewarnai perkembangan dunia pesinden di daerah ini. Tidak sedikit para sinden di daerah Subang yang memanfaatkan tenaga-tenaga magis yang diperoleh melalui ritual-ritual tertentu ataupun melalui jasa paranormal, seperti dukun dan kuncen. Tulisan ini berupayamenggali penggunaan magi pada kalangan sinden yang telah lama menggejala di daerah Subang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif serta menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik memaparkan berbagai fenomena yang didapati di lapangan terkait dengan penggunaan magi oleh sinden, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teori-teori kebudayaan. AbstractIn Sundanese community, especially in sundanese artist, Subang area well known as ‘the centre’ of sinden (women singer) that has bring a popularity for several singer. This condition are related to the social and cultural of Subang society that love arts, even though as practitioner, observer, or devotee/spectator of traditional arts. Meanwhile, the life of their beliefs still hold the customs, and it’s also influenced the developing of sinden arts. Believe in superstition also enriching the sinden worlds in this area. A lot of sinden who utilize magical power through rituals or paranormal services. This paper are try to dig deeper about the use of magical power in sinden of Subang area. This research is qualitative research, and use descriptive method, with roll out several of phenomena in the field that related to the use of magical power by sinden. The next step is analysis by using the theory of culture.
FUNGSI NGAROT UNTUK MASYARAKAT LELEA
Authors: Tresnasih dan Lasmiyati Ria Intani
Published: March 2018

AbstrakNgarot merupakan upacara yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan masalah pertanian.Upacara ini terdapat di Desa Lelea, Kecamatan Lelea, Kabupaten Indramayu.Upacara ngarot diikuti oleh generasi muda dan berlangsung dari tahun ke tahun tanpa putus. Keikutsertaan generasi muda serta keberlangsungan upacara ini memunculkan pertanyaan apa yang menjadi tujuan upacara, seperti apa bentuk dari upacara ngarot, dan apa sesungguhnya fungsi dari upacara ngarot itu untuk generasi muda khususnya dan masyarakat Lelea pada umumnya. Sehubungan dengan pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tujuan upacara, bentuk dari upacara ngarot, dan fungsi upacara itu bagi generasi muda khususnya dan masyarakat Lelea pada umumnya. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upacara ngarot menjadi wadah untuk mempersatukan pemuda Lelea, menjadi wadah untuk melekatkan rasa gotong royong antarpemuda Lelea, dan mengajarkan pemuda untuk hidup mandiri dengan mendayagunakan potensi desanya. Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian adalah bahwa upacara ini tidak lain sebagai sarana sosialisasi kepada generasi muda Lelea, agar mereka senantiasa dapat mencintai desanya. AbstractNgarot is a ritual that has been linked to farming problems. This ritual occurs in Lelea village, District of Lelea, Indramayu. Ngarot ceremony followed by the younger generation and continuosly lasts from a year to a year. The participation of the younger generation as well as the sustainability of this ceremony raises the question on what the purpose of the ceremony is, what Ngarot is, and what the real function of the Ngarot ceremony is for the younger generation in particular and Lelea society in general. In connection with these questions, this study aims to determine the purpose of the ceremony, the form and ritual of ngarot ceremony is for the younger generation, in particular and Lelea society, in general. It is descriptive study with the qualitative approach. The results showed that Ngarot ceremony of Lelea is a means to unite the Lelea youth, become a means to attach a sense of mutual cooperation among the Lelea youth, and teaches youth to be independent by empowering the potential of the village. The conclusion that can be drawn from the research is this ceremony was seen as a means of socialization to the younger generation of Lelea, so they can always love the village.
POLA PRAKTIK KEHIDUPAN KOMUNITAS ORANG ASLI KUKUSAN DI DEPOK JAWA BARAT
Authors: Januar Arie
Published: March 2018

AbstrakTulisan ini mendiskusikan tentang pola ‘orang asli’ menghadapi transformasi sosial ekonomi. Transformasi yang terjadi begitu cepat mengakibatkan perubahan struktur pada komponen ‘orang asli’. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi dampak dari kemajuan tersebut, mereka membentuk suatu organisasi sosial dalam komunitasnya, sebagai bentuk upaya mempertahankan diri. Organisasi sosial akar rumput yang terbentuk dalam sebuah ikatan kolektif, yakni kekerabatan, spasial, dan keagamaan, masing-masing melahirkan modal sosial dalam menghadapi pembangunan. Apabila ikatan sosial mereka kuat, ‘orang asli’ cenderung lebih mudah beradaptasi dengan dunia baru di lingkungannya, terutama dalam aspek sosial ekonomi, dan budaya. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan tujuan agar dapat menyelami lebih dalam pola adaptasi ‘orang asli’ di tengah transformasi sosial ekonomi. Pola pikir ini bertumpu pada ikatan kolektivitas mereka dalam organisasi sosial akar rumput, yang mana dengan kegiatan tersebut melahirkan peluang-peluang sosial ekonomi yang menjadi pijakan untuk melestarikan komunitas mereka di Kukusan Depok. Abstract This paper discusses the pattern of 'indigenous people' facing socio-economic transformation. Transformation happens so quickly lead to structural changes in the components 'indigenous people'. So as to reduce the impact of such advances, they form a grass-roots organization in the community, as a form of self-defense. Grassroots organization formed in a collective bond, that kinship, spatial, and religious, each gave birth to social capital in the face of development. Where they are strong grassroots ties, 'indigenous people' tend to be more adaptable to the new world in their environment, especially in the socio-economic aspects, and culture. This paper uses a qualitative approach, with the aim to delve deeper into patterns of adaptation 'indigenous people' in the middle socio-economic transformation. This mindset is based on the bond of their collectivity in grassroots organizations, which will give rise to the activities of socio-economic opportunities, the basis for preserving their community in Kukusan Depok.
POLITIK DAN PERDAGANGAN KOLONIAL BELANDA DI PONTIANAK
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPontianak mendapat perhatian kolonial Belanda setelah Inggris melakukan perdagangan di Kalimantan Barat. Persaingan dagang antara Belanda dan Inggris membawa pengaruh bagi perdagangan di Pontianak. Kemajuan perdagangan menarik perhatian kolonial Belanda untuk menguasai Pontianak. Kolonial Belanda membatasi kekuasaan Sultan Pontianak melalui perjanjian-perjanjian membawa dampak sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan budaya. Eksploitasi kolonial Belanda melahirkan perubahan-perubahan baru dalam hubungan kekuasaan kongsi-kongsi Cina dan monopoli perdagangan di Pontianak. Kolonial Belanda semakin mempertegas kekuasaannya di Pontianak setelah Inggris mengesahkan James Brooke sebagai wakil pemerintahannya di Kalimantan Utara. Terdapat interelasi yang dinamis antara perubahan struktur politik dan ekonomi terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat di Pontianak. Hubungan komunikasi melalui jaringan perdagangan antarpulau telah mendorong para pedagang sebagai komunitas baru membentuk dan mendirikan perkampungan suku bangsa di Pontianak. Hubungan yang dinamis antara Pontianak dengan daerah-daerah di Kalimantan Barat terutama Sambas, Mempawah, Landak, Sanggau, Sintang, Matan, dan Sukadana telah membawa kemajuan politik dan ekonomi Pontianak sebagai pusat perdagangan dan pemerintahan Residen Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yaitu studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan data-data sejarah, dengan menguraikan suatu peristiwa ke dalam bagian-bagiannya dalam rangka memahami kebijakan politik dan perdagangan kolonial Belanda di Pontianak. Abstract Pontianak had an attention of Dutch colonial after British trade in West Kalimantan. Trade competition between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom had an impact on trade in Pontianak. The pprogress attract the attention of Dutch colonial to master Pontianak. The Dutch Colonial control the power of the Sultan of Pontianak through agreements and bring the impact in the social, political, economic, and cultural. Dutch colonial exploitation brought changes in the power relations of chinesse allied and the monopoly of trade in Pontianak. The Dutch colonial emphasized rule in Pontianak after United Kingdom endorses James Brooke as a representative government in North Kalimantan.There is a dynamic interrelation changes in political and economic that brought change social structures in Pontianak. The communication links through a network of inter-island trade has prompted traders as new communities formed and founded the settlement of ethnic groups in Pontianak. The dynamic relationship between Pontianak and West Kalimantan areas such as Sambas, Mempawah, Landak, Sanggau, Sintang, Matan, and Sukadana has brought political and economic progress.And declared Pontianak as a center of commerce and government Resident West Kalimantan. This study uses the history of the literature by collecting historical data, describing an event into its parts in order to understand the political and trade policies of the colonial Dutch in Pontianak.
TINJAUAN AWAL ASPEK TIPOLOGI DAN DATA INSKRIPSI BATU NISAN DI HOLLANDISCHE KERK BANDA NEIRA
Authors: Mansyur Syahruddin
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKepulauan Banda dikenal sebagai wilayah yang memiliki pengaruh kolonial yang kuat. Salah satu tinggalan arkeologi yang banyak ditemui di wilayah ini adalah batu nisan. Sebagai salah satu budaya materi, batu nisan memiliki beragam informasi yang terdapat pada batu nisan itu sendiri mulai dari bentuk, bahan, dan ragam hias. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan awal untuk mengetahui tipologi dan beragam informasi yang dapat diungkap dari inskripsi yang termuat pada batu nisan. Melalui tahapan penelitian arkeologi dengan melakukan analisis terhadap keragaman jenis artefak dan analisis terhadap data inskripsi, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa tipologi batu nisan memiliki kekayaan ragam hias berupa lambang heraldik, iluminasi, dan inskripsi. Aspek lain pada data inskripsi adalah informasi tentang orang-orang yang dimakamkan memiliki status sosial tinggi, di antaranya; para pejabat pemerintahan, pejabat militer, pejabat perdagangan, pejabat keagamaan, para perkenier, beserta para keluarganya. Aspek lain yang berhasil diungkap bahwa kehidupan sosial masyarakat Eropa saat itu menganggap bahwa batu nisan adalah salah satu simbol kemewahan. AbstractBanda Islands are known as the region that has a strong colonial influence. One of the archaeological remains found in the region is the tombstone. As one of the material culture, the tombstone has a variety of information contained on a tombstone itself from the shape, material, and ornaments. This study is a preliminary review to determine the typology and variety of information that can be revealed from inscriptions contained in the tombstone. Through the stages of archaeological research by analysing the diversity of artefacts and analysis inscriptions data, this study revealed that the typology of the tombstone has a wealth of ornamentation in the form of heraldic emblem, illumination, and inscriptions. Another aspect from the inscription data is information about people who are buried has a high social status. They are from government officials, military officials, trade officials, religious officials, the perkenier (landlord), along with his family. Another aspect that can be revealed is the social life of Europe in that time considered that the tombstone is one of the symbols of luxury.
REGENERASI TOPENG RANDEGAN
Authors: Intani Ria
Published: March 2018

Topeng Randegan is one of the types of art that developed in the village of Randegan, both West and East Randegan, Jatitujuh District, Majalengka Regency. Topeng Randegan in the village of East Randegan is "a continuation" of the topeng beber that develops the village of Beber, Ligung District, Majalengka regency. The research on this art is to know how the regeneration of the TopengRandegan. In case that there is only one maestro of Topeng Randegan in Randegan East Village and have entered the old age, so it is assumed that Topeng Randegan is endangered.  This study uses qualitative method and the research findings are outlined descriptively. The results show that there is only one studio that develops Topeng Randegan. Thus,Topeng Randegan attempts to sustainability, and passes on to the younger generation through non-formal education (courses). But, it is unfortunate that the learners come only in short-term period. They learn dance Topeng Randegan not for a purpose or goal as a dance artist, caused by school work. Therefore, the learning process is instant, andthe result is only for performing.
KESENIAN GONDANG SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI TRADISI MASYARAKAT PETANI DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rosyadi Rosyadi
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to reveal the existence of traditional art ofgondang which is a representation of a living tradition among the farmers in the rural areas of West Java. Gondang art stems from a tradition of ritual nutu (pound rice using a pestle and mortar) are sacred. Behind the sanctity of this tradition, there is another side that is capable of creating merriment, joy and cheerfulness, so that this tradition then elevated to an art, the art of traditional tutunggulan which is an instrumental art. Art aesthetic element is reinforced with the inclusion of singing elements. Then,gondang art is created as the development of tutunggulan art. On the appearance of gondang art, the element of the sacred has been much reduced; otherwise the entertainment element is more prominent so the gondangart becomes contemporary performing arts once highly favored by the Sundanese people, especially in rural areas. Now the existence of the art of gondangis in the middle of degraded and endangered, marginalized by the types of modern art. The method that the writer used in this research is descriptive method that relies on qualitative data.
BERTAHANNYA BANGSAWAN LUWU (SUATU ANALISA BUDAYA POLITIK ORANG BUGIS)
Authors: Rismawidiawati Rismawidiawati
Published: March 2018

This article aims is to explain the reason of aristocratic group of Luwu still survive based on a review of political culture of the Bugis. This article presented in a descriptive analysis through the 4 (four) stages of historical research methods, namely the collection of resources (heuristic), criticism source of data, interpretation, and historiography. In addition, the technique of collecting data through interviews. The results found that the traditional political culture of the Bugis, known as siri 'na pesse make an important contribution to the survival of the aristocratic group of Luwu. This political culture present Tomanurung figure as a forerunner to the whole of kings and nobles in South Sulawesi included in Kedatuan Luwu.  Luwu community believe that the descendants of Tomanurung destined to govern. If the ruling is not a descendant of Tomanurung, Luwu people believe that there will be a problem in the country. Apart from the assumption that the presence of this Tomanurung is a myth and as an invention of politics, the existences this character is the beginning of the birth of rulers / kings. The existence of Kedatuan Luwu which still exist today, although its function is not the same as in the past, as well as the elite dominated by the nobility (andi) Luwu is a picture that people still believe in the presence of royalty as the man who is destined to run the government.
AKTOR DI BALIK SELEMBAR BATIK (Studi Kasus di Lembur Batik Cimahi)
Authors: Tresnasih Ria Intani
Published: March 2018

Batik adalah selembar kain yang dibuat secara ditulis, dicap, atau penggabungan antara keduanya. Dulu, ketika batik hanya diproduksi untuk lingkungan keraton, pembuatnya masih terbatas. Manakala batik keluar dari lingkungan keraton, pembuat batik meluas. Itu dulu, zaman di mana orang masih memiliki banyak waktu luang dan jenis pekerjaan belum beragam. Saat ini apabila di antara sejumlah orang masih ada yang mendedikasikan dirinya untuk menggeluti batik sebagai pengrajinnya, tentu ada alasan yang melatarinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara perekrutan pengrajin, pengetahuan membatik, kondisi pengrajin, serta konsep kerja pengrajin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan hasil penelitiannya dituangkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dedikasi menjadi pengrajin batik dilatari oleh rasa tanggung jawab dan kecintaan yang mendalam dengan dunia perbatikan. Dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa tanpa adanya keterlibatan hati, sulit bagi seseorang untuk dapat bertahan menjadi pengrajin. Mengingat, banyak jenis pekerjaan lain yang besaran penghasilannya lebih menjanjikan.  Batik is a cloth made in written, printed, or a combination between the two. In the past, when batik was only produced for the palace, the makers were still limited. Another case with when batik came out of the palace, batik makers were expanding. That was then, an era where people still had a lot of spare time and the type of work had not been varied. Today, if among a number of people consist of people who dedicate themselves as batik craftsmen, absolutely there is a reason behind of it. This study aims were to determine how the recruitment, knowledge, the condition, and working concept of batik craftsmen. This study uses qualitative research and the findings are  outlined descriptively. The results shows that the dedication of batik craftsmen is backed by a sense of responsibility and a deep love with the world of batik. It can be concluded that without the involvement of their love, it is difficult for a person to be able to survive into a batik craftsman. Bearing in mind,there are many other types of work that have more promising incomethe amount of income is more promising.
KONFRONTASI REPUBLIK INDONESIA DENGAN MILITER JEPANG MENJELANG MASUKNYA SEKUTU 1945-1946
Authors: Dahlan M. Halwi
Published: March 2018

Perlawanan pejuang (laskar, BKR kemudian TKR) dengan militer Jepang di Indonesia ditandai dengan peristiwa perlucutan senjata oleh pejuang tersebut. Berbagai insiden terjadi disebabkan baru saja Jepang memperlihatkan sikap tegas dalam menjajah, tiba-tiba semua berubah dengan sikap menyerah kepada Sekutu.  Bagi Indonesia kondisi ini sebenarnya merupakan peluang untuk melengkapi diri dari segi peralatan perang yang akan menjadi aset bagi pasukan perangnya. Tetapi hal itu menjadi sulit karena sesuai aturan hukum perang internasional tentang tawanan perang, selain pasukan Jepang  turut diserahkan seluruh peralatan perangnya.  Beberapa daerah sempat menerima atau pun merampas persenjataan tersebut, namun kemudian direbut kembali oleh Militer Jepang. Militer Jepang yang mempertahankan senjata mereka dan patuh pada konvensi Jenewa 1929, berhadapan dengan semangat kemerdekaan dari seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Di Jawa Barat insiden perlucutan senjata tersebut sempat terjadi tetapi tidak meluas, berbeda dengan di Jawa Timur yang hampir seluruh pejuangnya memiliki senjata rampasan. Perbedaan tersebut ternyata terletak pada lambatnya informasi yang sampai dari pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah.Jawa Barat diuntungkan karena jaraknya yang relatif dekat dengan Jakarta sehingga dengan cepat pemerintah daerah dan pimpinan BKR/TKR dapat mengkonsolidasi anggota pasukannya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan historiografi yang dihasilkan bersifat deskriptif analisis. Untuk mendukung penulisan ini digunakan teori konfrontasi.The resistance of fighters (paramilitary troops, BKR then the TKR) with the Japanese military in Indonesia was marked by events of disarmament by fighters. Various incident occurred just due to Japan showed a firm stance in colonizing, suddenly all changed with the attitude of surrender to the Allies. For Indonesia, this condition was actually an opportunity to equip themselves in terms of armaments that became an asset to the troops for war. But it was difficult because according to the rules of international law concerning prisoners of war, not only Japanese forces but also entirety of the war equipment were also should be handed. Some areas could receive or seize such weapons, but was later recaptured by the Japanese military. Japanese military retained their weapons and abided by the 1929 Geneva Convention, dealing with the spirit of independence of the entire people of Indonesia. In West Java, the disarmament incident had occurred but did not extend, unlike in East Java, where nearly all of the fighters had looted weapons. The difference lied in the slow of turning up information from central government to the regions. West Java had benefit because it was relatively close to the Jakarta, so the local government and the leadership of BKR / TKR could quickly consolidate the fighters. This study uses literature and historiography that produces a descriptive analysis. To support this study, the theory of confrontation is used.
PEREMPUAN PUNK: BUDAYA PERLAWANAN TERHADAP GENDER NORMATIF (Kasus di Desa Cijambe Ujung Berung)
Authors: Rostiyati Ani , Priyatna Aquarini
Published: March 2018

Punk merupakan sekelompok orang yang memiliki budaya tersendiri, berbeda dengan budaya yang lebih banyak dipraktikkan orang. Punk dicirikan sebagai bentuk budaya tanding yakni perlawanan terhadap budaya dominan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan cara perempuan punk mengidentifikasi dirinya melalui makna penampilan dan fashion yang dikenakan, sehingga terungkap ide, gagasan, dan cara pandang mereka dalam meresistensi diri dari kontruksi gender normatif. Hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa dalam estetika punk, mereka berupaya untuk menghilangkan diri dari budaya dominasi dan gender normatif yang diresepkan. Mereka keluar dari pusat patriarki dan menentang ide-ide feminitas. Penelitian ini berupa studi kasus terhadap 5 (lima) perempuan punk di Ujung berung Bandung dan dikaji secara mendalam dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif utuk memperoleh data akurat, menyeluruh, dan  detail mengenai makna penampilan perempuan punk. Jenis penelitian bersifat analisis deskriptif yakni menganalisis dan menyajikan fakta sehingga lebih mudah untuk dipahami dan disimpulkan. Adapun pengambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, foto, dan studi pustaka. Kata kunci: perempuan punk, budaya perlawanan,  gender normatif.
TAHULI DAN TAHUDA: TRADISI LISAN DAN PEMBENTUK KARAKTER BANGSA DI MASYARAKAT GORONTALO
Authors: Djakaria Salmin
Published: March 2018

AbstrakSastra dan tradisi lisan selalu memiliki pengaruh tersendiri dalam pola pikir setiap individu, tidak terkecuali sastra dan tradisi lisan Tahuli dan Tahuda di Gorontalo, warisan sastra sebagai pembentuk karakter bangsa, meskipun dalam lingkup lokalitas kedaerahan. Tujuan dari kajian ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa sastra dan tradisi lisan dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif wadah untuk pembentukan karakter bangsa. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis. Hasil dari kajian ini menujukkan bahwa sastra dan tradisi lisan menjadi salah satu pendukung pembentukan karakter bangsa di masyarakat Gorontalo yang sesuai dengan pedoman “Adat bersendikan syara’, syara’ bersendikan Kitabullah”. Kata Kunci: Sastra, Tradisi Lisan, Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa AbstractLiterature and oral tradition has always had its own influence in the mindset of each individual, is no exception literature and oral tradition Tahuli and Tahuda in Gorontalo, the literary heritage as forming the character of the nation, although within the scope of regional locality. The purpose of this study to show that literature and oral tradition can be an alternative container to the formation of national character. This paper uses a descriptive-analytic methods. The results of this study showed that literature and oral tradition became one of supporting the establishment of a national character in society in accordance with guidelines Gorontalo society  “Adat bersendikan syara’, syara’ bersendikan Kitabullah”.Keywords: Literature, Oral Tradition, National Character
MODERNISASI DAN TERBENTUKNYA GAYA HIDUP ELIT EROPA DI BRAGAWEG (1894-1949)
Authors: Budiman Hary Ganjar
Published: March 2018

This study describes the Bragaweg changes from 1894 to 1949. In addition, this study describes the form of European-style activity in Braga Street that represents the modern nuances of the colonial period. The historical method is used to construct the Braga story. To support the analysis of this study, the author uses the concept of modernization of Lawrence V. Stockman.  He stated that modernization does not create something new but accept something new from another nation or other developed country. At first the European elite tried to adapt, then seek the formation of a typical European life in the colony. Bragaweg is a picture of the success of the European elit. The Bragaweg transformation represents economic growth in the region; From the emergence of staple stores to the rise of luxury and industrial goods stores. Modern impression is seen from the lifestyle practiced by the European elite and the full range of facilities and technology in the Bragaweg region. In the war of independence, the sparkling atmosphere of Europe was dimmed and replaced by the atmosphere of war.Keywords: Bragaweg, modern, life style, European elite.
KOTA SUKABUMI: DARI DISTRIK MENJADI GEMEENTE (1815-1914)
Authors: Nugraha Setia , Lubis Nina Herlina
Published: March 2018

Kota Sukabumi merupakan suatu wilayah di Jawa Barat yang mengalami perkembangan pesat dibanding daerah lainnya. Pada awalnya Sukabumi merupakan pemukiman penduduk bagian dari wilayah pemerintahan District Goenoeng Parang, Onderafdeeling Tjiheulang. bagian dari Afdeeling Tjiandjoer, Residentie Preanger. (Regeerings Almanaks tahun 1872).  Andries  Christoffel  Johannes de Wilde, seorang berkebangsaan Belanda yang pertama kali mengenalkan  nama Soekaboemi (Soeka Boemi) ke dunia luar. Awalnya ia menjelajah di Sukabumi untuk mencari lokasi tanah yang cocok bagi perkebunan. Dari sebuah pemukiman, selanjutnya Sukabumi mengalami perkembangan pesatmelampaui Cianjur yang sebelumnya berada di depan garis pacu. Perkembangan ini menarik perhatian penulis. Untuk menjabarkan dinamika Kota Sukabumi (1914-1942), dilakukan kajian historis dengan menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini memokuskan perhatian pada asal usul  terbentuknya Kota Sukabumi, dinamika pemerintahan, sosial dan ekonomi Kota Sukabumi dan Faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan Kota Sukabumi berkembang pesat dari district menjadi gemeente.
UPACARA BARITAN PADA MASYARAKAT BETAWI DI JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Andayani Somantri dan Nina Merlina Ria
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPenelitian Upacara Baritan pada Masyarakat Betawi di Jakarta Timur (Suatu Kajian tentang Pembentukan Solidaritas) dilakukan untuk menjawab masalah pokok yang dibahas dalam penelitian, yakni tentang bagaimana gambaran mengenai pelaksanaan upacara baritan dan proses pembentukan solidaritas yang terjadi pada masyarakat Betawi di Kampung Setu, Kelurahan Setu, Kecamatan Cipayung, Jakarta Timur. Pelaksanaan upacara tradisional baritan, yang bersifat kolektif di wilayah perkotaan seperti Jakarta yang kental dengan individualistis, merupakan suatu kenyataan yang kontradikif. Dengan alasan itulah, dipandang perlu melakukan penelitian terhadap pelaksanaan upacara baritan dalam kaitannya dengan pembentukan solidaritas pada masyarakat Betawi di Kampung Setu. Metode  penelitian yang digunakan adalah etnografi yang terfokus pada upacara baritan pada masyarakat Betawi di Kampung Setu, Jakarta Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, observasi atau pengamatan, dan wawancara kepada sejumlah informan. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut diperoleh data yang menggambarkan adanya pembentukan solidaritas melalui upacara tersebut. Sumber solidaritas adalah keyakinan dan kepercayaan masyarakat Betawi di Kampung Setu untuk menghormati leluhur mereka, seperti yang diamanatkan oleh salah satu leluhur mereka, yakni Aris Wisesa. Wujud solidaritas dalam pelaksanaan upacara baritan adalah adanya kesadaran untuk bersama-sama melaksanakan upacara baritan; sumbangan gagasan, tenaga, dan materi yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan upacara baritan, serta kehadiran dalam pelaksanaan upacara baritan.   AbstractResearch on Baritan ceremony was conducted to answer the fundamental question: how the process of Baritan ceremony and solidarity formation that occurs in the Betawi people in Setu Village, District Cipayung, East Jakarta. Baritan traditional ceremony  which is held collectively by a people in urban areas such as Jakarta with a strong individualistic atmosphere, is a something contradictory. For that reason, it is necessary to do research on the implementation of Baritan ceremony. The method used is an ethnographic study that focused on baritan ceremony at Kampung Betawi Setu, East Jakarta. The data collection techniques that used are literature studies, observation, and interviews to a number of informants. Based on the study, we obtained data that describing the formation of solidarity through the ceremony. Solidarity can be formed due to the Betawi people in Setu Village honor their ancestor, as mandated by one of their ancestors, Aris Wisesa. Solidarity form in baritan ceremony is an awareness to jointly implement of Baritan ceremony; contribution of ideas, energy, materials and attendance at the ceremony.
Decomposition of Al4O4C in the presence of C at high temperatures in vacuum
Authors: Feng Yuebin , Hou Hailan , Yang Bin , Yang Baomin , Zi Futing
Published: March 2018

The decomposition of Al4O4C in the presence of C at 1 473–1 873 K in vacuum was researched using the condensation products with high content of Al4O4C, formed in the carbothermal reduction of Al2O3, as the raw materials. The results showed that Al4O4C decomposed into gaseous products at 1 573–1 873 K in vacuum. It was speculated that Al4O4C decomposed into Al-containing gaseous species, CO and O2, and then the O2 reacted with C to form CO. The reaction of the O2 with C made the decomposition of Al4O4C take place more easily. With the decrease in temperature, the Al-containing gaseous species and CO formed condensates mainly consisting of Al4O4C, Al4C3 and Al2O3, and also containing Al at experimental temperatures of 1 773 K and 1 873 K.
Microstructure and selected mechanical and electrical property analysis of Sr-doped LaCoO3 perovskite thin films deposited by the PLD technique
Authors: Cieniek Łukasz , Kopia Agnieszka , Kusiński Jan , Kowalski Kazimierz , Moskalewicz Tomasz , Cyza Anna , Maziarz Wojciech
Published: March 2018

This work presents the results concerning microstructural, mechanical property and electrical resistance investigations of La1-

x
Sr
x
CoO3 thin films produced by the laser ablation (PLD – Pulsed Laser Deposition) method on Si and MgO single crystal substrates with (001) orientation. The microstructure and chemical/phase composition analysis of the deposited films was carried out using scanning/transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Additionally, adhesion and nanohardness tests were performed. The investigations allowed verification of the quality of the prepared La1-

x
Sr
x
CoO3 thin films and show that implementing the PLD technique makes it possible to obtain smooth and dense films with nanocrystalline structures, while preserving the composition of the bulk target. Research studies showed that by properly selecting the parameters for the PLD process it is possible to deposit films with a significantly lower amount and smaller size of undesirable nanoparticles. A specialized measuring station was used to determine the response of thin films to an oxidizing gas atmosphere. The observed decrease in resistance of the thin films in the presence of 50 ppm of NO2 oxidizing gas is typical for p-type semiconductors. This indicates that all of the produced films exhibit a sensitivity to this gas and could be used as NO2 sensors.
Investigation of the effect of bath temperature on the bath–freeze lining interface temperature in the CuOx–FeOy–MgO–SiO2 system at copper metal saturation
Authors: Crivits Tijl , Hayes Peter C. , Jak Evgueni
Published: March 2018

In pyrometallurgy, freeze lining technology is used to ensure the integrity of the furnace wall. This involves cooling down the wall and solidifying part of the liquid bath material onto the wall, creating a protective layer. In the current study, the cooled probe technique was used to perform a series of laboratory experiments, producing freeze linings under controlled conditions in the CuOx–FeOy–MgO–SiO2 system. Earlier research has shown the bath–freeze lining interface temperature at thermal steady state can be at subliquidus temperatures under certain conditions. The current study focuses on the effect of bath temperature on this bath–freeze lining interface temperature and has indicated that increasing the bath temperature increases the interface temperature. Furthermore, the crystals forming the interface did not include the primary phase and formed a non-planar interface at thermal steady state.
Sn-bonded LaFe11.6Si1.4Hy magnetocaloric composites with a 3-d Ni-coating steel substrate formed by hot-pressing
Authors: Guo Huaqiang , Tang Yongbai , Chen Yungui , Pang Wenkai
Published: March 2018

Novel LaFe11.6Si1.4Hy magnetocaloric composites were prepared with Sn powder and a 3-d Ni-coating steel substrate using a hot-pressing technique. By selecting low-melting-point pure Sn powder as an adhesive, and a 3-d Ni-coating steel substrate as the supporting skeleton, the LaFe11.6Si1.4Hy magnetocaloric composites exhibited good mechanical properties, a strong magnetocaloric effect (MCE), and a high thermal conductivity. The magnetic entropy change of the LaFe11.6Si1.4Hy magnetocaloric composites was optimised by adjusting the Sn concentration. By controlling the Sn concentration, the 0.7 mm-thickness LaFe11.6Si1.4Hy magnetocaloric composites with 10 wt.% Sn powder had a porosity of as low as 4.5 %, a thermal conductivity of 8 W m−1 K−1, and a magnetic entropy change of 7.9 J kg−1 K−1, a magnetic entropy change of 7.9 J kg−1 K−1, and adiabatic temperature change of 6.4 K.
Indenter size effect in high-pressure torsion deformed Pd-based metallic glass
Authors: Denis Pierre , Ababei Gabriel , Meylan Carolina M. , Greer Alan L. , Fecht Hans-Jörg
Published: March 2018

We performed nanoindentation measurements on as-cast and high-pressure-torsion deformed Pd-based metallic glass samples with spherical indenters of radius 1, 5 and 8 μm. The different serrated behaviors observed during nanoindentation were connected to the microstructural changes evidenced indirectly by differential scanning calorimetry and directly by electron microscopy. On the deformed sample, the discontinuities remained with the 1-μm indenter, decreased in intensity with the 5-μm indenter and disappeared with the 8-μm indenter. The different plastic zone sizes below the indenters can explain this effect since a larger plastic zone offers more possibility for interactions with pre-existing shear bands.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experience of the Male Dietitian from Student to Professional
Authors: Gheller Brandon JF , Joy Phillip , Lordly Daphne
Published: March 2018

Purpose: In Canada, dietitians serve a sex-diverse population despite the profession being predominately female (>95%). It is unknown why there are so few male dietitians. The objective of the present study was to explore the experience of the male dietitian, as a minority, in female-dominated dietetics.

Methods: Two semi-structured interviews were conducted, approximately 6 weeks apart, with Nova Scotian male dietitians. The interviews prompted participants to reflect on their experience of being a male dietitian. Interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results: Male dietitians with between 1 and 17 years of experience participated (n = 6). Participant experiences were expressed as 4 themes: (i) feelings of difference and otherness, (ii) adapting to the female-dominated culture, (iii) constructing a professional identity, and (iv) passion as the driver for success. A theoretical framework for understanding the male dietitian’s experience was outlined.

Conclusion: The experience of the male dietitian is unique and is a consequence of training and practicing in a female-dominated space. The effect of adaptation and construction of a professional identity that is a response to female-dominated cultural norms is wide ranging and may be constraining for male practitioners thereby affecting their contributions to the field.
Prevalence and Correlates of Food Insecurity among Students Attending a Small, Rural Canadian University
Authors: Reynolds Erica , Johnson Christine , Jamieson Jennifer A. , Mawhinney Hannah
Published: March 2018

Purpose: University students may be at risk for food insecurity (FI) due to low income coupled with rising tuition, housing, and food costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FI and potential correlates among students at a small, rural Canadian university.

Methods: Health Canada’s 10-item household food security survey module (HFSSM) was adapted to assess food security status within the postsecondary student population. An additional 11 items measured food access and demographics. The validated, web-based survey was distributed by email and completed by 218 students (15.6% response rate). Participants were classified as food secure, moderately food insecure, or severely food insecure using the HFSSM Adult scale.

Results: An overall FI rate of 37.2% was observed. This included 25.7% moderately food insecure and 11.5% severely food insecure. Students in higher years of study and who lived off campus had higher rates of FI.

Conclusions: FI appears to be a significant concern for university students and has potential health and academic implications. Further research is needed to clarify the determinants and extent of FI for postsecondary students and to develop strategies to mitigate the prevalence and effects of food insecurity in these young adults.
Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 2-(4H-1,3-benzoxazin-2-yl)Phenols via a Pseudo Three-Component Reaction
Authors: Wang Ting , Dai Chenlu , Qing Xushun , Wang Cunde
Published: March 2018

An efficient pseudo three-component reaction between substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes and ammonium acetate for the preparation of substituted 2-(4 H-1,3-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenols in moderate to good yields (70-80%) was developed. The structure of a typical product was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Evolution of the Three-Dimensional Structure and Growth Model of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on 1060 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Wang Shuaixing , Du Nan , Li Xinyi , Zhao Qing
Published: March 2018

A deeper understanding of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can in turn shed light on the evolution of coating structures during such oxidation processes. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) structure of PEO coating was investigated based on the morphologies at different locations in a PEO coating and on the elemental distribution along certain sections. The coating surface was dominated by a crater- or pancake-like structure of alumina surrounded by Si-rich nodules. A barrier layer with a thickness of ~1 μm consisting of clustered cells was present at the aluminum/coating interface. As the coating thickened, the PEO coating gradually evolved into a distinct three-layer structure, which included a barrier layer, an internal structure with numerous closed holes, and an outer layer with a rough surface. During the PEO process, molten zones formed along with the plasma discharges. The volume and lifetime of the molten zones changed with oxidation time. The diversities of cooling rates around the molten zones resulted in structural differences along a certain section of the coating. A growth and discharge model of PEO coatings was established based on the 3D structure of the particular coating studied herein.
Visual Investigation of the Occurrence Characteristics of Multi-Type Formation Water in a Fracture–Cavity Carbonate Gas Reservoir
Authors: Wang Lu , Yang Shenglai , Peng Xian , Deng Hui , Liao Yi , Liu Yicheng , Xu Wei , Yan Youjun
Published: March 2018

It is difficult to investigate the formation process and occurrence states of water in multi-type reservoirs, due to the strong heterogeneity and complex microstructure of the fracture–cavity carbonate gas reservoirs. To date, there is no systematic study on the occurrence characteristics of multi-type formation water, especially through visual observation experiments. In this paper, a new creation method for visual micromodels based on CT scan images and microelectronic photolithography techniques was described. Subsequently, a gas–drive–water visual experiment was conducted to intuitively study the formation mechanism and the occurrence states of formation water. Then, the ImageJ gray analysis method was utilized to quantitatively investigate the gas-water saturation and the proportion of residual water film. Finally, the occurrence characteristics of formation water and its effects on gas seepage flow were comprehensively analyzed. Visual experimental results showed that: the migration processes of natural gas in different types of reservoirs are different; the water in multiple media consists of native movable water and residual water, and residual water is composed of secondary movable water and irreducible water; the residual water mainly occurs in different locations of different reservoirs with the forms of “water film”, “water mass”, “water column” and “water droplets”; the main influencing factors are capillary force, surface tension, displacement pressure and channel connectivity. Quantitative results reflect that the saturation of movable water and residual water are the parameters related directly to reservoir physical properties, pore structure and displacement pressure—the smaller the size of flow channel, the larger the space occupied by water film; the thickness proportion of water film is increasing exponentially with the channel size; the thickness proportion of water film decreases as the increase of displacement pressure; the thickness proportion of water film is essentially constant when the displacement pressure increases to a certain extent. The conducted visual investigation not only improves our intuitive understanding of the occurrence characteristics of formation water, but also provides a theoretical basis for the efficient development of fracture-cavity gas reservoirs.