bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of medication discontinuation on bisphosphonate-related jaw osteonecrosis in a rat model
Authors: Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Eo Mi Young , Oh Ji Hye , Lee Ju Young , Myoung Hoon , Kim Soung Min
Published: December 2022

Bisphosphonate (BP) discontinuation has been advised as a measure to prevent the incidence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), however, its efficacy remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of BP discontinuation in reducing BRONJ severity following tooth extraction in a rat model. Thirty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two BRONJ model categories: oral administration (PO) of alendronate (1 mg/kg) for 3 and 8 weeks and intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pamidronate (3 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) for 20 days. The PO model was divided into five groups (a control group without BPs and four experimental groups with 1-week discontinuation). The IP model was divided into two groups consisting of group I (without discontinuation) and group II (1-week discontinuation). One molar from both sides of the mandible was extracted. After extraction, the PO models were sacrificed at 3 and 5 weeks, and the IP models were sacrificed either immediately or at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Micro-CT showed non-significant differences among PO groups but significant differences were observed between IP groups. Most bone remodeling parameters within group I of the IP model differed significantly (p-value < 0.05). Histologically, group I showed a significantly higher percentage of necrotic bone than group II (51.93 ± 12.75%, p < 0.05) and a higher number of detached osteoclasts in TRAP staining. With discontinuation of medication for at least 1 week in rats, the effects of BPs on alveolar bone are suppressed and bone turnover and osteoclast functions are restored.
Assessing the drivers of gut microbiome composition in wild redfronted lemurs via longitudinal metacommunity analysis
Authors: Murillo Tatiana , Schneider Dominik , Heistermann Michael , Daniel Rolf , Fichtel Claudia
Published: December 2022

The gut microbiome influences host’s immunity, development, and metabolism and participates in the gut–brain axis, thus impacting the health of the host. It is a dynamic community varying between individuals and within individuals at different time points. Hence, determining the factors causing this variability may elucidate their impact on host’s health. However, understanding the drivers of variation has proven difficult particularly as multiple interactions occur simultaneously in the gut microbiome. We investigated the factors shaping the gut microbiome by applying the metacommunity concept where the gut microbiome is considered as a microbial community shaped by the interactions within the community, with the host and microbial communities outside the host, this through a longitudinal study in a wild primate. Focal behavioral data were collected for 1 year in four groups of redfronted lemurs to determine individual social and feeding behaviors. In addition, regular fecal samples were collected to assess bacteria, protozoa, and helminths through marker gene analysis and to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations to investigate the impact of physiological stress on the gut microbiome. Higher consumption of leaves and elevated fGCM concentrations correlated with higher alpha diversity, which also differed among groups. The major drivers of variation in beta diversity were group membership, precipitation and fGCM concentrations. We found positive and negative associations between bacterial genera and almost all studied factors. Correlations between bacterial indicator networks and social networks indicate transmission of bacteria between interacting individuals. We detected that processes occurring inside the gut environment are shaping the gut microbiome. Host associated factors such as, HPA axis, dietary changes, and fluctuations in water availability had a greater impact than interactions within the microbial community. The interplay with microbial communities outside the host also shape the gut microbiome through the exchange of bacteria through social relationships between individuals and the acquisition of microorganisms from environmental water sources.
Carbon nanotube sponges filled sandwich panels with superior high-power continuous wave laser resistance
Authors: Yuan Wu , Xiao Kailu , Wu Xianqian , Wang Jiangtao , Ma Te , Song Hongwei , Huang Chenguang
Published: December 2022

Effect of highly-porous and lightweight carbon nanotube sponges on the high-power continuous wave laser ablation resistance of the sandwich panel was investigated experimentally. As a comparison, thermal responses of monolithic plate, carbon nanotube film filled sandwich panel, unfilled sandwich panel and carbon nanotube sponge filled sandwich panel subjected to continuous wave laser irradiation were analyzed. Experimental results showed that the laser resistance of the carbon nanotube filled sandwich panel is obviously higher than the unfilled structure. The added failure time of the sandwich panel by filling the cores with the carbon nanotube sponge of unit mass was about 18 times and 33 times longer than that by filling with the conventional ablative and insulated material. It could be understood by the high thermal diffusion coefficient and latent heat of sublimation of the carbon nanotube sponge. During ablation by the continuous wave, the carbon nanotube sponge not only fast consumed the absorbed laser energy through phase change of a large-area material due to its high latent heat of sublimation, but also quickly dispersed the heat energy introduced by the continuous wave laser due to its high thermal diffusion coefficient, leading to the extraordinary laser ablation resistance.
Place cells dynamically refine grid cell activities to reduce error accumulation during path integration in a continuous attractor model
Authors: Fernandez-Leon Jose A. , Uysal Ahmet Kerim , Ji Daoyun
Published: December 2022

Navigation is one of the most fundamental skills of animals. During spatial navigation, grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex process speed and direction of the animal to map the environment. Hippocampal place cells, in turn, encode place using sensory signals and reduce the accumulated error of grid cells for path integration. Although both cell types are part of the path integration system, the dynamic relationship between place and grid cells and the error reduction mechanism is yet to be understood. We implemented a realistic model of grid cells based on a continuous attractor model. The grid cell model was coupled to a place cell model to address their dynamic relationship during a simulated animal’s exploration of a square arena. The grid cell model processed the animal’s velocity and place field information from place cells. Place cells incorporated salient visual features and proximity information with input from grid cells to define their place fields. Grid cells had similar spatial phases but a diversity of spacings and orientations. To determine the role of place cells in error reduction for path integration, the animal’s position estimates were decoded from grid cell activities with and without the place field input. We found that the accumulated error was reduced as place fields emerged during the exploration. Place fields closer to the animal’s current location contributed more to the error reduction than remote place fields. Place cells’ fields encoding space could function as spatial anchoring signals for precise path integration by grid cells.
Development and validation of a mathematical model of heart rate response to fluid perturbation
Authors: Kanal Varun , Pathmanathan Pras , Hahn Jin-Oh , Kramer George , Scully Christopher , Bighamian Ramin
Published: December 2022

Physiological closed-loop controlled (PCLC) medical devices monitor and automatically adjust the patient’s condition by using physiological variables as feedback, ideally with minimal human intervention to achieve the target levels set by a clinician. PCLC devices present a challenge when it comes to evaluating their performance, where conducting large clinical trials can be expensive. Virtual physiological patients simulated by validated mathematical models can be utilized to obtain pre-clinical evidence of safety and assess the performance of the PCLC medical device during normal and worst-case conditions that are unlikely to happen in a limited clinical trial. A physiological variable that plays a major role during fluid resuscitation is heart rate (HR). For in silico assessment of PCLC medical devices regarding fluid perturbation, there is currently no mathematical model of HR validated in terms of its predictive capability performance. This paper develops and validates a mathematical model of HR response using data collected from sheep subjects undergoing hemorrhage and fluid infusion. The model proved to be accurate in estimating the HR response to fluid perturbation, where averaged between 21 calibration datasets, the fitting performance showed a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of $$7.41 \pm 2.8 \%$$

7.41
±
2.8
%

. The model was also evaluated in terms of model predictive capability performance via a leave-one-out procedure (21 subjects) and an independent validation dataset (6 subjects). Two different virtual cohort generation tools were used in each validation analysis. The generated envelope of virtual subjects robustly met the defined acceptance criteria, in which $$95\%$$

95
%

of the testing datasets presented simulated HR patterns that were within a deviation of 50% from the observed data. In addition, out of 16000 and 18522 simulated subjects for the leave-one-out and independent datasets, the model was able to generate at least one virtual subject that was close to the real subject within an error margin of $$9.56 \pm 3.15\%$$

9.56
±
3.15
%

and $$11.1 \pm 1.22\%$$

11.1
±
1.22
%

NRMSE, respectively. In conclusion, the model can generate valid virtual HR physiological responses to fluid perturbation and be incorporated into future non-clinical simulated testing setups for assessing PCLC devices intended for fluid resuscitation.
Introducing or removing heparan sulfate binding sites does not alter brain uptake of the blood–brain barrier shuttle scFv8D3
Authors: de la Rosa Andrés , Metzendorf Nicole G. , Morrison Jamie I. , Faresjö Rebecca , Rofo Fadi , Petrovic Alex , O’Callaghan Paul , Syvänen Stina , Hultqvist Greta
Published: December 2022

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits the delivery of protein-based drugs into the brain and is a major obstacle for the treatment of brain disorders. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) is a strategy for transporting protein-based drugs into the brain, which can be utilized by using TfR-binding BBB transporters, such as the TfR-binding antibody 8D3. In this current study, we investigated if binding to heparan sulfate (HS) contributes to the brain uptake of a single chain fragment variable of 8D3 (scFv8D3). We designed and produced a scFv8D3 mutant, engineered with additional HS binding sites, HS(+)scFv8D3, to assess whether increased HS binding would improve brain uptake. Additionally, a mutant with a reduced number of HS binding sites, HS(−)scFv8D3, was also engineered to see if reducing the HS binding sites could also affect brain uptake. Heparin column chromatography showed that only the HS(+)scFv8D3 mutant bound HS in the experimental conditions. Ex vivo results showed that the brain uptake was unaffected by the introduction or removal of HS binding sites, which indicates that scFv8D3 is not dependent on the HS binding sites for brain uptake. Conversely, introducing HS binding sites to scFv8D3 decreased its renal excretion while removing them had the opposite effect.
A risk model based on pyroptosis subtypes predicts tumor immune microenvironment and guides chemotherapy and immunotherapy in bladder cancer
Authors: Wu Tielin , Li Sheng , Yu Chao , Wu Yuanbo , Long Huimin
Published: December 2022

Although immunotherapy has revolutionized bladder cancer (BLCA) therapy, only few patients demonstrate durable clinical benefits due to the heterogeneity. Emerging evidence has linked pyroptosis to shaping tumor microenvironment (TME) and predicting therapy response. However, the relationship between pyroptosis and immunotherapy response in BLCA remains elusive. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis to dissect the role of pyroptosis in BLCA. Differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs) between tumor and normal tissues were identified using publicly available datasets. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to screen for DEPRGs associated with survival. Consensus clustering was used for BLCA subtyping. TME characteristics were evaluated by CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and immune checkpoint genes (ICGs). Following univariate COX regression and LASSO analyses with pyroptosis-related DEGs, the risk model and nomogram were constructed with TCGA dataset and validated in the GEO dataset. Furthermore, therapeutic responses in high- and low-risk groups were compared using TIDE and GDSC databases. Two pyroptosis-related subtypes (Cluster 1 and 2) were identified based on expression patterns of GSDMA and CHMP4C. Bioinformatic analyses showed that cluster 1 had poor survival, more M0/M1/M2 macrophages, higher immune/stromal/ESTIMATE scores, and higher expression levels of ICGs. A 15-gene signature for predicting prognosis could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. Furthermore, the correlation of risk scores with TIDE score and IC50 showed that patients in low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy, whereas patients in high-risk group could better benefit from chemotherapy. Our study identified two novel pyroptosis-related subtypes and constructed a risk model, which can predict the prognosis, improve our understanding the role of PRGs in BLCA, and guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Loss of soluble guanylyl cyclase in platelets contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation
Authors: Mauersberger Carina , Sager Hendrik B. , Wobst Jana , Dang Tan An , Lambrecht Laura , Koplev Simon , Stroth Marlène , Bettaga Noomen , Schlossmann Jens , Wunder Frank , Friebe Andreas , Björkegren Johan L. M. , Dietz Lisa , Maas Sanne L. , van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Sandner Peter , Soehnlein Oliver , Schunkert Heribert , Kessler Thorsten
Published: December 2022

Variants in genes encoding the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in platelets are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, by using histology, flow cytometry and intravital microscopy, we show that functional loss of sGC in platelets of atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr−/− mice contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation, particularly via increasing in vivo leukocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro experiments revealed that supernatant from activated platelets lacking sGC promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) by activating ECs. Profiling of platelet-released cytokines indicated that reduced platelet angiopoietin-1 release by sGC-depleted platelets, which was validated in isolated human platelets from carriers of GUCY1A1 risk alleles, enhances leukocyte adhesion to ECs. Importantly, pharmacological sGC stimulation increased platelet angiopoietin-1 release in vitro and reduced leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerotic plaque formation in atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr−/− mice. Therefore, pharmacological sGC stimulation might represent a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat CAD.
Cu ions anchored in the porphyrin center act as transient metal centers of 2D-MOFs to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Mingzuo , Zhang Chenghua , Tang Yacen , Cai Qinghong , Yu Jianning , Chen Ya , He Youzhou , Bai Jinwu , Fu Min , Chen Shengming , Tan Xuemei , Peng Rong , Liu Xingyan
Published: December 2022

To improve charge transfer efficiency, non-noble metal Cu anchored in the porphyrin center can realize a new ligand-to-linker metal charge-transfer (LLMCT) process in 2D Ti-based porphyrin MOFs.
Correction: Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(ii) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity for olefin oxygenation
Authors: Liao Guangjian , Mei Fuming , Chen Zhuqi , Yin Guochuan
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(ii) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity for olefin oxygenation’ by Guangjian Liao et al., Dalton Trans., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dt02769k.
Directly measuring Fe(iii)-catalyzed SO2oxidation rate in single optically levitated droplets
Authors: Cao Xue , Chen Zhe , Liu Yu-Xin , Jing Xin-Bo , Li Lin-Fang , Liu Pai , Zhang Yun-Hong
Published: December 2022

We directly measure the Fe(iii)-catalyzed SO2conversion in single microdroplet trapped and levitated with a gradient-force aerosol optical tweezer. There was a significant acceleration in the formation of SO2to sulfate conversion on the surface of the aerosol microdroplets.
Nanoparticles in bodily tissues: predicting their equilibrium distributions
Authors: Nolte Tom M. , Lu Bingqing , Hendriks A. Jan
Published: December 2022

We successfully predict distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in human tissues applying surface energies for NPs, membranes, plasma and protein, considering various biochemical interactions. Phagocyte-rich and cancerous tissues accumulate NPs.
Ovotransferrin alleviated acute gastric mucosal injury in BALB/c mice caused by ethanol
Authors: Huang Yan , Chen Shuping , Yao Yao , Wu Na , Xu Mingsheng , Du Huaying , Zhao Yan , Tu Yonggang
Published: December 2022

Acute gastric mucosal injury is a common gastrointestinal disorder, which influences patients’ life quality.
Architecturally simple organic photodiodes with highly competitive figures of merit via a facile self-assembly strategy
Authors: Thachoth Chandran Hrisheekesh , Tang Hua , Liu Taili , Mahadevan Sudhi , Liu Kuan , Lu Zhen , Huang Jiaming , Ren Zhiwei , Liao Fuyou , Chai Yang , Fong Patrick WK , Tsang Sai-Wing , Lu Shirong , Li Gang
Published: December 2022

By employing a self-assembled hole-blocking-layer (HBL), an elegant and broadly applicable architectural design framework is demonstrated to minimize the “performance-stability-cost” gap of the organic photodiodes.
Self-assembling ferrimagnetic fluorescent micelles for bioimaging guided efficient magnetic hyperthermia therapy
Authors: Song Yonghong , Zhu Yueqiang , Jiang Kun , Liu Xingyu , Dong Liang , Li Dongdong , Chen Sheng , Xing Hanye , Yan Xu , Lu Yang , Yang Xianzhu , Wang Junxia , Xu Yunjun
Published: December 2022

We developed a novel ferrimagnetic fluorescent micelle (FMFM) by encapsulating the hydrophobic ferrimagnetic CION and ZnS/InP QDs into a flowable core, providing a promising candidate for cancer diagnosis and magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
Porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks as molybdenum adsorbents for the 99Mo/99mTc generator
Authors: Ma Chao , Wolterbeek Hubert T. , Denkova Antonia G. , Serra Crespo Pablo
Published: December 2022

Two porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks (PCN-222 and PCN-224) were prepared and their potential as molybdenum adsorbents for the 99Mo/99mTc generator was explored.
Gold catalysed site-selective cross-coupling of tertiary α-silylamines with 1-iodoalkynes under UVA LED light
Authors: Zhao Yichao , Merrett James Theodore , Jin Jianwen , Yu Li-Juan , Coote Michelle Louise , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: December 2022

A synthetic method that relies on a gold(i,i) complex and UVA LED light source to catalyse the α-alkynylation of tertiary α-silylamines by 1-iodoalkynes is described.
Microwave- and ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of 2D La-based MOF nanosheets by coordinative unsaturation degree to boost phosphate adsorption
Authors: Zheng Ziguang , Jiang Xiaomei , Yang Xiaowei , Ma Min , Ji Siping , Jiang Fengzhi
Published: December 2022

The metal–organic framework (MOFs) is related to the selectivity and performance of phosphate removal. The electron structure, chemical characteristics and preparation method also affect efficiency and commercial promotion.
Transparent TiO2 thin films with high photocatalytic activity for indoor air purification
Authors: Sydorenko Jekaterina , Mere Arvo , Krunks Malle , Krichevskaya Marina , Acik Ilona Oja
Published: December 2022

Enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of indoor VOC mixtures on transparent polycrystalline spray-deposited TiO2 thin films under ultraviolet and visible light.
Synchrotron radiation based operando characterization of battery materials
Authors: Black Ashley P. , Sorrentino Andrea , Fauth François , Yousef Ibraheem , Simonelli Laura , Frontera Carlos , Ponrouch Alexandre , Tonti Dino , Palacín M. Rosa
Published: December 2022

Synchrotron radiation enables probing a wide range of length scales operando, hence being a powerful tool in battery research. Challenges ahead involve cell design (especially for multi-modal approaches) and protocols for automated data analysis.
The surface-sulphurated Co3O4 nanowire array electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and water-splitting applications
Authors: Li Junwei , Wang Yige , Liu Wenwei , Liang Zhenyi , Fan Chunlei , Li Jinying , Luo Shengxu , Nan Haoxiong , Yu Jia
Published: December 2022

A surface-sulphurated cobalt oxide electrocatalyst with a nanowire array integrated structure is designed for oxygen evolution reaction and water-splitting applications.
Constructing asymmetrical dual catalytic sites in manganese oxides enables fast and stable lithium–oxygen catalysis
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Xinmiao , Wei Cong , Zhou Ya , Zhu Zixuan , Lei Xin , Fang Yanyan , Zhang Yida , Liu Jun , Qian Yitai , Wang Gongming
Published: December 2022

A general asymmetrical dual-site (Mn–Ru or Mn–Ir) construction strategy on manganese oxides is demonstrated to significantly improve the oxygen catalytic activity and cycling stability toward lithium–oxygen batteries.
Photocatalytic generation of H2O2 over a Z-scheme Fe2O3@C@1T/2H-MoS2 heterostructured catalyst for high-performance Fenton reaction
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Xueyong , Deng Xianhe , Guan Yina , Wu Maoquan , Liu Li , Wu Jie , Yao Tongjie , Yin Yadong
Published: December 2022

A Z-scheme Fe2O3@C@1T/2H-MoS2 heterostructured catalyst is constructed using carbon and 1T-MoS2 as bridging layers, realizing high-performance H2O2 generation and a self-sufficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction.
Fabrication of electrospun nanofibrous thermoresponsive semi-interpenetrating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinyl alcohol networks containing ZnO nanoparticle mats: characterization and antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation
Authors: Hosseini-Alvand Ebrahim , Khorasani Mohammad-Taghi
Published: December 2022

Thermoresponsive nanofiber composites comprising biopolymers and ZnO nanoparticles with controlled release and antibacterial activity are fascinating scientific research areas.
Advanced atomic layer deposition: metal oxide thin film growth using the discrete feeding method
Authors: Park Jae Chan , Choi Chang Ik , Lee Sang-Gil , Yoo Seung Jo , Lee Ji-Hyun , Jang Jae Hyuck , Kim Woo-Hee , Ahn Ji-Hoon , Kim Jeong Hwan , Park Tae Joo
Published: December 2022

A HfO2 film was grown using discrete feeding ALD, an advanced ALD process designed to improve the surface coverage of the precursor, which decreased the residual impurities in the film and increased the film density.
Flexible remote phosphor color converter based on ultra-thin glass and CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal-embedded glass for a wide-color-gamut white LED
Authors: Lee Jinju , Lee Hansol , Kim Usik , Chung Woon Jin , Im Won Bin
Published: December 2022

CsPbBr3 perovskite nano-crystal embedded glass and an ultra-thin glass substrate comprise a flexible white LED color converter with enhanced thermal stability and a wide color gamut reaching ∼130% of the NTSC area.
Facile surface reconstructions of cobalt–copper phosphide heterostructures enable efficient electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation for energy-saving hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xie Zhengzhe , Wang Kang , Zou Yu , Ying Guobing , Jiang Jiang
Published: December 2022

Synergistic interaction between CoP and Cu3P enables facile surface reconstruction of CoP–Cu3P nanocomposites, making them excellent glycerol oxidation and hydrogen evolution catalysts, requiring only 1.21 V to reach 10 mA cm−2.
Extracellular matrix and synapse formation
Authors: Yang Lei , Wei Mengping , Xing Biyu , Zhang Chen
Published: December 2022

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex molecular network distributed throughout the extracellular space of different tissues as well as the neuronal system. Previous studies have identified various ECM components that play important roles in neuronal maturation and signal transduction. ECM components are reported to be involved in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and axonal growth by interacting or binding to specific receptors. In addition, the ECM is found to regulate synapse formation, the stability of the synaptic structure, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we mainly reviewed the effects of various ECM components on synapse formation and briefly described the related diseases caused by the abnormality of several ECM components.
Liebe Leserin, Lieber Leser
Authors: Bergmann Günther
Published: December 2022

Sie halten die Ausgabe 04/2022 des Balint-Journal in Ihren Händen.
Das Balint-Journal erscheint nunmehr seit dem Jahr 2000 mit insgesamt 88 Ausgaben.
Dies ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte. Wir freuen uns sehr und sind dankbar für
Ihr anhaltendes Interesse.
Ernährung des Intensivpatienten: Herausforderung bei besonderen Patientengruppen
Authors: Hill Aileen , Stoppe Christian , Elke Gunnar , Marx Gernot
Published: December 2022

Die Ernährungstherapie des einzelnen Intensivpatienten stellt im klinischen Alltag oft eine Herausforderung dar: Nicht nur die Schwere der akuten Erkrankung – auch das Alter,
Komorbiditäten, Ernährungszustand und der erwartete Verlauf sind zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt basierend auf nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien die zurzeit empfohlene
Ernährungstherapie für verschiedene Patientengruppen in der Intensivmedizin.
Forming quality and wettability of surface texture on CuSn10 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Min Lu , Xiaojie Shi , Peipei Lu , Meiping Wu
Published: December 2022

Surface texture has aroused widespread interest due to its role in controlling friction, reducing wear, and improving lubrication performance. As one of the most promising green processing technologies, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) can manufacture complex structures, effectively reducing manufacturing constraints and significantly increasing structural design freedom. In this study, the powder bed model was established by numerical simulation, and the influence of different energy inputs on the morphology and characteristics of the molten pool was investigated. Based on this, the optimal forming process parameters of CuSn10 were selected. In addition, LPBF is used to process different textures (square texture, circular texture, hemispheric texture, and triangle texture) on the surface of CuSn10. The surface texture’s structural accuracy, surface morphology, and wettability were studied using a profiler, scanning electron microscope, and contact angle measuring instrument, respectively. The research results show that the accuracy of the square texture structure is the closest to the original design model among all the samples and the hemispheric texture surface does not have severe powder adhesion; as a result, it has the lowest average surface roughness of 5.58 µm. However, the triangle texture has the worst formation quality. It was revealed that the stepping effect mechanism of irregularly formed surfaces is the most important reason to cause this phenomenon. In addition, the maximum contact angle of the square texture is 85.59°, which is 15.76% higher than that of the triangle texture.
Ruminal dry matter disappearance, total gas and methane production, and fermentation parameters as affected by fat and protein concentration in by-product supplemented grass hay-based diets
Authors: Tamayao P. J. , Ominski K. H. , Robinson S. , Wittenberg K. M. , Crow G. , McGeough E. J.
Published: December 2022

Context Dietary manipulation is an important means to mitigate methane emissions; however, relatively few options exist for forage-based diets. Aims This batch culture study evaluated the effects of crude protein (CP) and fat concentration on ruminal DM disappearance (DMD), total gas (GP) and methane production, and ruminal fermentation in grass hay-based diets supplemented with a range of by-product feeds. Methods Eight treatments provided low or high CP (8 or 12% diet DM, respectively), with range of fat concentrations (1.8–6.0% diet DM), and included: control (grass hay only); corn distillers grains with solubles at 8% (CDDGS8) and 12% CP (CDDGS12); flax at 8% (FS8) and 12% CP (FSCDDGS12); canola meal at 8% (Can8); and sunflower screenings from Winkler (SFW8) or Deloraine (SFD8) at 8%. Data were analysed as a randomised complete block design, with fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block and treatment × block. Comparisons were performed between: (1) control and mean of by-product treatments, (2) low and high CP treatments, (3) CDDGS treatments, (4) FS treatments, and (5) SF treatments. Low- and high-fat treatments at both CP concentrations, and the means of CDDGS and FS treatments differing in fat concentrations were also compared. Key results The DMD did not differ between control and by-product treatments; however, DMD was lower (P < 0.001) in treatments with 8% compared with 12% CP, and was higher (P ≤ 0.009) with low fat compared with high fat, regardless of CP. Total GP was not affected by CP; however, at low CP, treatments with higher fat had lower GP (P ≤ 0.015). Methane production did not differ between any of the low and high CP treatments, but was higher (P ≤ 0.003) in the low-fat compared with high-fat treatments, regardless of CP, as well as in FS versus CDDGS and SFD versus SFW. Conclusions Higher CP increased DMD in vitro, but did not affect GP, methane or fermentation. Implications Higher dietary fat can mitigate enteric methane production, but can negatively impact DMD in grass hay-based diets, which is an important consideration in terms of animal performance.
Human pathogenic bacteria on fresh produce and their control using bacteriophage treatment: an E. coli example from the Sunshine Coast region
Authors: Allom Meg , Panchalingam Harrchun , Katouli M. , Kurtböke D. İpek
Published: December 2022

Consumers are placing increasing importance on an environmentally friendly way of food production and are turning to organically produced fruit and vegetables. Organic farming rejects the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilisers, growth promoters, antibiotics, or transgenic organisms. However, the use of manures that replace synthetic fertilisers is associated with a risk of contamination of produce with pathogenic microorganisms. There have been a considerable number of foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh produce, resulting in hospitalisations and deaths worldwide. Accordingly, bacteriophages have gained much attention as a safe, effective, and organic method for removal of pathogenic microorganisms from fresh produce. Bacteriophage treatments for control of pathogenic E. coli and other pathogens on fresh produce have several advantages over currently used treatments, including their host specificity, safety, low impact on sensory qualities of fresh produce, and their ease of isolation over other antimicrobial agents.
Molecular genetics of wool fibre structure in sheep
Authors: Rafat Seyed Abbas
Published: December 2022

Methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) are actively used in the sheep to identify chromosomal regions contributing to variation in wool traits. Therefore, this paper summarises and integrates QTL studies in the sheep to identify basic information on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits relating to wool’s important traits from viewpoint of the textile industry. The number of traits, number of QTL/associations and number of related chromosomes for categories of “Fibre” and “Fleece” were 6, 78 and 18, and 5, 97 and 23, respectively. QTL list and associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes relating to fibre curvature, fibre diameter coefficient of variance, fibre diameter standard deviation, mean fibres diameter, primary fibre diameter and primary fibre diameter coefficient of variance, fleece yield, greasy fleece weight, staple length, staple strength and wool crimp are presented. This information can be helpful in identifying genes or SNPs underlying the QTL and in the application of molecular genetic information in marker-assisted breeding programs. There is complexity in identifying relationships between wool genes. Part of this complexity in the relationships between wool traits is probably related to the pleiotropic phenomenon. In general, some researchers have found markers that have not been confirmed in other published papers. False positives and false negatives in the statistical methods used can be the reason for the differences in the distinguished genes for the desired traits of wool.
The effect of FSP on the friction and wear behaviour of Al5083 under normal atmosphere and vacuum conditions
Authors: Kara L.
Published: December 2022

In current technology, there are a lot of machines that work under vacuum conditions such as in space and aviation. For this reason, friction and wear properties of especially light metals, such as aluminium and magnesium alloys, which are candidates to be used in such areas should be examined under vacuum conditions. In this study, the effect of friction stir processing parameters such as traverse speed and pass number on the microstructure, hardness and wear properties of the Al 5083 alloy were investigated. During the friction stir processing, three traverse speeds and from 1 to 4 passes were applied to the surface of the samples. The wear behaviour of the processed and unprocessed samples was investigated by using the ball-on disc tribometer under air and 5 × 10−3 mbar vacuum conditions. After friction and wear experiments, all FSPed samples showed lesser wear amount under vacuum conditions compared with air conditions.
The Decay Process of an α-configuration Sunspot
Authors: Peng Yang , Xue Zhi-Ke , Yan Xiao-Li , Norton Aimee A. , Qu Zhong-Quan , Wang Jin-Cheng , Xu Zhe , Yang Li-Heng , Li Qiao-Ling , Yang Li-Ping , Sun Xia
Published: December 2022

The decay of sunspot plays a key role in magnetic flux transportation in solar active regions (ARs). To better understand the physical mechanism of the entire decay process of a sunspot, an α-configuration sunspot in AR NOAA 12411 was studied. Based on the continuum intensity images and vector magnetic field data with stray light correction from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, the area, vector magnetic field and magnetic flux in the umbra and penumbra are calculated with time, respectively. Our main results are as follows: (1) The decay curves of the sunspot area in its umbra, penumbra, and whole sunspot take the appearance of Gaussian profiles. The area decay rates of the umbra, penumbra and whole sunspot are −1.56 MSH day−1, −12.61 MSH day−1 and −14.04 MSH day−1, respectively; (2) With the decay of the sunspot, the total magnetic field strength and the vertical component of the penumbra increase, and the magnetic field of the penumbra becomes more vertical. Meanwhile, the total magnetic field strength and vertical magnetic field strength for the umbra decrease, and the inclination angle changes slightly with an average value of about 20°; (3) The magnetic flux decay curves of the sunspot in its umbra, penumbra, and whole sunspot exhibit quadratic patterns, their magnetic flux decay rates of the umbra, penumbra and whole sunspot are −9.84 × 1019 Mx day−1, −1.59 × 1020 Mx day−1 and −2.60 × 1020 Mx day−1, respectively. The observation suggests that the penumbra may be transformed into the umbra, resulting in the increase of the average vertical magnetic field strength and the reduction of the inclination angle in the penumbra during the decay of the sunspot.
A Catalog of Quasar Candidates Identified by Astrometric and Mid-infrared Methods in Gaia EDR3
Authors: Wu Qiqi , Liao Shilong , Qi Zhaoxiang , Luo Hao , Tang Zhenghong , Cao Zihuang
Published: December 2022

Quasars are very important in materializing the reference frame. The excess emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the mid-infrared band can be used to identify quasar candidates. As extremely distant and point-like objects, quasars also could be further selected by an astrometry method. Increasing the number of reliable quasar candidates is necessary in characterizing the properties of Gaia astrometric solution and evaluating the reliability of Gaia's own quasars classification. We identify quasars by using appropriate AllWISE [W1-W2] color and different combinations of astrometric criteria. Together with the contamination and completeness, the magnitude, astrometric properties, density distribution, and the morphological indexes of these selected quasars are evaluated. We obtain a quasar candidate catalog of 1,503,373 sources, which contains 1,186,690 candidates (78.9%) in common with the Gaia EDR3_AGN catalog and 316,683 newly identified quasar candidates. The completeness of this catalog is around 80% compared to LQAC5, and the purity of the overall catalog is about 90%. We also found that the purity of quasar candidates selected by this method will decrease in the crowded sky area and the region with less WISE observations.
The use of MSG (monosodium glutamat), aloe vera, and papaya leaf (carica papaya L) as an alternative of corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Magfirah  , Selmiati
Published: December 2022

Corrosion is a complicated problem in everyday life. Corrosion causes many losses because it reduces the life span of metal-based goods or buildings. One solution is to use organic corrosion inhibitors. Organic corrosion inhibitors are an alternative choice because they are more environmentally friendly. Heteroatomic organic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in molecules such as those found in MSG, papaya leaves and aloe vera can be used as organic corrosion inhibitors, because they can be well adsorbed on metal surfaces. Amino acids such as glutamic acid which have two carboxylic groups and one amine group are expected to be able to inhibit corrosion by adsorbing metal (iron) surfaces. This study aims to determine the use of MSG, aloe vera and papaya leaves as alternative materials for organic corrosion inhibitors. The results showed that the rust level using MSG solution was 8.33%, aloe vera extract was 9.09%, papaya leaf extract was 8%, and the container with a mixture of aloe vera extract, papaya leaf extract and MSG was added 4.35 %. This shows that aloe vera extract, papaya leaf extract and MSG can be used as an alternative to organic corrosion inhibitors.
Effect of adding squid meal as an attractant to freshwater eel (Anguilla marmorata) feed on elver growth, feed palatability, efficiency and conversion
Authors: Ndobe Samliok , Muamar  , Rosyida Eka , Widiastuti Irawati Mei , Mansyur Kasim , Tantu Fadly Y.
Published: December 2022

Squid meal can serve as an attractant to increase feed palatability and fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum dose of squid meal as an attractant in freshwater eel (Anguilla marmorata) elver feed based on feed palatability and elver growth. This research was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 at the Water Quality and Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia. The completely randomized design (CRD) comprised four treatments with five replicates. Commercial feed was used with four squid meal attractant doses: 0% (A); 1% (B); 3% (C); 5% (D). Variables were palatability (speed of finding and consuming the feed, morning and afternoon), growth (net weight gain; net increase in length), feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR). FCR did not vary significantly between treatments. The best results were obtained under treatment C with a uniformly high palatability (feed finding speeds of 0.12 s/cm in the morning and 0.06 s/cm in the afternoon; 100% feeding response); net weight gain 3.50 g; net growth in length 4 cm; feed efficiency 89.9%; SR 85.56%. It was concluded that 3% is the optimum dose for enriching elver feed with squid meal as an attractant.
Characterization and evaluation of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) oil as larvicidal and repellent against the yellow fever mosquito
Authors: Ludia R P , Shahabuddin S , Gatot dan S H
Published: December 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the leading health problems in Indonesia and other countries. However, a study on sweet basil oil and its potency to control Aedes aegypti, or Yellow fever mosquito (YFM), as the vector of DHF, is rarely investigated. This research aims to study the chemical characteristics of sweet basil oil and evaluate its potency as insecticides against Aedes aegypti. A spectrophotometer gas chromatography to identify its compounds followed by the standardized toxicity and repellency test methods were conducted. The results showed that the main compounds of sweet basil oil are linalool (31,78 %), thymol (11,60%), and cineol (0,99%). The sweet basil oil showed high toxicity for the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 and LC90 were 72,08 ppm and 121,47 ppm. The protection effect of sweet basil oil increases following the oil concentration. However, at 30 % concentration, this essential oil could protect from Aedes aegypti up to six hours with repellency levels of 81,3 %. Therefore, this study supports the effective and environmentally friendly method of managing the YFM using sweet basil oil.
Monitoring tools for liquefaction potential in a region based on the internet of things (IoT) with photovoltaic (PV) sources
Authors: Fauzi R , Mustari A , Santoso R , Alamsyah  , Rahman Y A
Published: December 2022

From several records of liquefaction events that have occurred, it is known that liquefaction events during an earthquake are more likely to occur in coarse-grained soil conditions. In this case, the soil will quickly lose shear strength due to increased pore water stress due to cyclic loads (earthquake loads) very rapidly and in a moment. Due to the loss of load and shear stress, the soil properties, initially solid, turn into liquid (Mase, L. Z., & Somantri, A. K. 2016). This study will design a liquefaction potential monitoring tool in an internet of things (IoT) based area with Photovoltaic (PV) sources. This tool provides information to the public to identify areas that can cause liquefaction. The design of the liquefaction potential monitoring tool in a room will also offer data detected by vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors below the ground surface. When the vibration sensor notices a vibration in sequence, the temperature and humidity sensors will activate and read the changes that occur in the soil.
Perception and Decision of Public Transport Users in Palu City
Authors: Ramlan R , Setiawan A , Pradani N , Patunrangi J
Published: December 2022

Public transport users in Palu City are decreasing every year. The low quality of public transport services is the main reason people are reluctant to use them. Based on this condition, the research was conducted to understand the user’s perceptions and decisions of public transportation services, exceptionally public transport, in Palu City. The method used in this research is the distribution of questionnaires to respondents from 8 sub-districts in Palu City. Data processing on 361 respondents was carried out by descriptive analysis. The results of the study illustrate that the people of Palu City, in general, do not use public transportation (91.9%) for various reasons, including long waiting times (67.2%), unclear routes (43.8%), inadequate stopping places (32.8%), non-uniform fares (8.8), poor vehicle conditions (33.7), poor driver behaviour (7.65), and low level of safety (18.5). The level of satisfaction for users of public transportation is satisfied (31.3%) and for users of private vehicles is not satisfied (41.5%) and uncomfortable (33.7%). The data also shows that 77.3% of respondents use motorcycles in their daily travel activities. This study shows that implementing online applications and free tariffs will increase public transport users by 61.7% dan 70.3%, respectively.
Important factors influencing the successful implementation of electronic tenders based on the perceptions of consultants, contractors and project owners in Palu
Authors: Mangitung Donny M. , Nirmalawati  , Asikin Andi H. , Ningsih Gitalia R , Musdalifah  , Ningrum Suci S.
Published: December 2022

The implementation of e-tenders requires readiness from the aspect of human resources, technological and management capabilities and organizations. To find out the factors that influence the success of the e-tender for construction services in Palu, this research was conducted by involving stakeholders involved in the implementation of the e-tendering, namely consultants, contractors and project owners. Data were collected on the basis of questionnaire survey using Likert scale of 6 and 28 Critical Success Factors (CSFs) were used in the questionnaire survey. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 163, of which 119 were returned, giving a 71% response rate. Data were analyzed using Relative Rank Index (RRI) technique and the Spearman Rank Order Correlation statistical test among three categorical samples. The results show that there is no difference among RRIs’ consultants, contractors and project owners. It is also concluded that the successful implementation of electronic tenders is influenced by factors related to Availability of reliable, affordable, and fast internet services, Availability of reliable ICT infrastructures and computer equipment, Building positive workplace and knowledge sharing culture and also Regular education and training to develop the competence and capability of electronic tendering procedures and requirement
Economic Feasibility Study Biforcation Development and Toili River Flood Control Banggai District
Authors: Nirmalawati  , Sutapa I W
Published: December 2022

The Biforcation Structure which is located at the branching of the Moilong and Mansahang Rivers, Banggai District functions as a weir at the Moilong Free Intake and distributes water proportionally to its downstream, so that it can function as a flood control structure and at the same time supply water to the Mansahang (Toili) Weir. The flood incident on June 18, 2019 resulted in the collapse of the Biforcation structure so that it submerged seven villages in Moilong District. The restructure of the Biforcation is very much needed by the community to provide a sense of security from the destructive power of water and irrigation water supply. To prepare for the development, a research was conducted with the aim of knowing the economic feasibility of the construction of the Biforcation and the flood conrol structure. Prior to construction, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the economic feasibility of the Biforcation construction and the flood control structure. The research method used analytical methods, quantitative approaches, and conducted interviews with the relevant agencies. The data obtained are reviewed and analyzed using several assumptions of loan interest rates, and loan times. Calculation of financial analysis using the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). The results of the study concluded that the construction ldingof Biforcation structures and flood control structures was feasible. The results of the Net Present Value (NV) are positive at 10% and 12% interest rates. Interest 10%, benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 6,536 (12 years), BCR 5,675 (10 years), BCR 4,633 (8 years). Interest 12%, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 5,798 (12 years), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 5,097 (10 years) Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 4,219 (8 years).