bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fertilization turns a rubber plantation from sink to methane source
Authors: Epron Daniel , Chotiphan Rawiwan , Wang Zixiao , Duangngam Ornuma , Shibata Makoto , Paul Sumonta Kumar , Mochidome Takumi , Sathornkich Jate , Azuma Wakana A. , Murase Jun , Nouvellon Yann , Kasemsap Poonpipope , Sajjaphan Kannika
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The rapid expansion of rubber cultivation, driven by the demand for natural rubber in the tire industry constitutes a significant land-use change in Southeast Asia. This significant land-use change has reduced soil methane (CH4) uptake, thereby weakening atmospheric CH4 removal over extensive areas. While fertilization is a widespread practice in rubber plantations, its role in further weakening the soil CH4 sink remained poorly understood. Over 1.5 years, we measured soil CH4 fluxes biweekly in an experimental rubber plantation with four distinct fertilization treatments to evaluate their impact on the soil CH4 budget. Our findings revealed that fertilization not only reduced soil CH4 consumption, but also increased soil CH4 production. The difference in soil CH4 uptake between unfertilized plots (-2.9 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1) and those with rational fertilization (-2.1 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1) was moderate. Recommended fertilization rates reduced soil CH4 uptake by 60 % (-1.1 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1), and heavy fertilization transformed the soil into a net source of CH4 (+0.3 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1). The suppression of soil CH4 oxidation was likely driven by increased mineral nitrogen in the soil solution and soil acidification, while elevated dissolved organic carbon likely stimulated CH4 production in the topsoil. Most rubber tree trunks emitted CH4, likely of internal origin. Trunk CH4 fluxes ranged from -0.10 to 0.51 nmol s-1 per tree, with no significant fertilization effect. At the national level, adopting rational fertilization practices in Thailand could enhance the net soil CH4 sink by 5.9 Gg CH4 yr-1. However, this mitigation strategy would have a limited impact on the overall greenhouse gas budget of the agricultural sector in Southeast Asia, unless it is extended to other tree plantations and cropping systems.
Enhanced bed shear stress and mixing in the tidal wake of an offshore wind turbine monopile
Authors: Austin Martin J. , Unsworth Christopher A. , Van Landeghem Katrien J. J. , Lincoln Ben J.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Tidal flow past offshore wind farm (OWF) infrastructure generates a turbulent vortex wake. The wake is hypothesised to enhance seabed stress and water column turbulence mixing, thereby affecting seabed mobility, water column stratification and the transport of nutrients and oxygen and resulting in ecological impacts. We collect novel hydrodynamic data 40 m from an OWF monopile over a spring–neap cycle and use high-frequency velocity measurements to quantify turbulence. Outside of the wake, we observe a classical depth-limited boundary layer, with strong turbulence production and dissipation forced by tidal shear at the seabed. Inside the wake, turbulence production, dissipation and stress are enhanced throughout the full water column and are maximised in the upper half of the water column, where they correspond to a strong mean velocity deficit. Our results show that the seabed drag coefficient is doubled from Cd=3.5×10-3 to 7.8×10-3, suggesting greater seabed mobility, and the eddy viscosity is increased by 1 order of magnitude, indicating enhanced water column mixing. This research provides some valuable insight as OWFs expand into deeper seasonally stratified waters using both bottom-fixed and floating structures, where the addition of enhanced wake turbulence may have broad impacts as the additional mixing energy is added to regions with low rates of background mixing.
Molecular detection of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle ticks from Kerala, India
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Prathyusha Sunkara , Radhika R. , Lakshmanan Bindu , Syamala K. , Thomas Marykutty , Davis K. Justin , Athira C. P. , Devada K.
Published: January 2025

Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites affecting cattle and act as potential vector for haemoprotozoan
diseases like oriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis, leading to substantial economic losses to the dairy farmers.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of tick species and to detect T. orientalis and its genotypes in ticks collected
from cattle across north, central and south zones of Kerala, India. A total of 656 ticks were collected and identified as
Haemaphysalis bispinosa (40.1 per cent), Rhipicephalus annulatus (32.16 per cent), R. microplus (18.44 per cent) and
H. intermedia (9.3 per cent). Haemaphysalis bispinosa was the primary tick species infesting cattle in Kerala. Primers
specific to the T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene amplified a 776 bp PCR product in four tick
pools of R. annulatus. Genotype-specific PCR targeting MPSP gene confirmed the Buffeli genotype in one pool and
mixed genotypes (Chitose and Buffeli) in two pools. One positive tick pool failed to amplify with Chitose, Buffeli or Ikeda
genotype specific primers. Furthermore, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of this pool with T. orientalis MPSP gene
sequences revealed close similarity with type 7, belonging to pathogenic Ikeda strain. This study has underscored the
importance of circulation of pathogenic genotypes in Kerala. These findings thus highlighted the need for effective tick
control strategies to mitigate the spread of T. orientalis, particularly in tropical regions like Kerala.
Keywords: Tick-borne pathogens, nucleotide sequence, phylogeny, T. orientalis, R. annulatus
Assessment of nutrient digestibility in broiler finisher ration supplemented with different levels of bael (Aegle marmelos) fruit powder and probiotics
Authors:   Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad- 673 576, Kumar Nand , Rani K. Jasmine , Chacko Biju , Murugan S. Senthil , Bipin K.C. , Rajagopal Kavitha , Jyothy P.R. , Nayana K.
Published: January 2025

A nutrient digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of bael (Aegle marmelos)
fruit powder and probiotics on the nutrient digestibility of finisher ration of broiler chickens. A total of 192-day-old Vencobb
430 Y broiler chicks were randomly divided into six dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6), each having four
replicates with eight birds per replicate. The birds were fed with a basal diet (T1), basal diet + 0.1 per cent bael fruit
powder (BFP) (T2), basal diet + 0.2 per cent BFP (T3), basal diet + 0.1 per cent BFP + 0.01 per cent L. plantarum (1 ×
109 CFU/Kg diet) (T4), basal diet + 0.2 per cent BFP + 0.01 per cent L. plantarum (T5), and diet with 0.01 per cent L.
plantarum (T6), respectively. All the birds were fed as per BIS (2007) recommendations. One bird from each group was
selected randomly for the three-day metabolism trial conducted on the 42nd day of the experiment. The results of the
study revealed that supplementation of bael fruit powder and probiotics at different combinations showed a significant
(P<0.05) increase in ether extract and NFE digestibility compared to the control. The dietary treatments did not affect the
dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and organic matter digestibility in birds. Further, it was concluded that 0.1 per cent
bael fruit powder supplementation in finisher ration showed better digestibility of nutrients in broiler chicken.
Keywords: Bael fruit, L. plantarum, nutrient digestibility, broiler finisher ration
Process optimisation of functional cookies using multi-grain mix and casein hydrolysate
Authors:   Verghese Kurien Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Thrissur-680651, Kerala, India, Anishadas S. , Beena R. L. , Rajakumar S.N. , Jayadevan G.R. , Indu B. , Bincy T. J.
Published: January 2025

Today’s busy lifestyle has made women more susceptible to imbalances in nutrient intake. Calcium deficiency
leading to osteoporosis at ageold has become a common threat. The present study was a continuation of an ongoing
work done for the optimisation of a functional composite flour premix proven to have good calcium binding properties.
Ready-to-eat snacks are liked by all and is a promising path for neutraceutical supplementation. In the current study,
the optimised premix was used to make functional cookies. Casein hydrolysate, a bioactive compound with various
health benefits, was used as the functional ingredient at 7.6% degree of hydrolysis. A nine-grain flour mix was used as
the base, which was optimised based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Indian women as proposed
by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 2020. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for
the optimisation of functional cookie using three independent factors viz levels of addition of casein hydrolysate, baking
temperature and baking time. The various sensorial aspects of the developed product were evaluated and the results
were statistically analysed using SPSS 22 software. The optimal conditions for achieving maximum desirability were
found to be 14.62% addition of casein hydrolysate and a temperature-time combination of 170.5 °C and 25.96 minutes.
Product characterisation was done with respect to its proximate composition. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash,
crude fibre, carbohydrate, calcium and energy values were found to be 4.46%, 16.18%, 21.68%, 3.27%, 3.8%, 55.05%,
1.3% and 480.12 Kcal/100g, respectively.
Keywords: Functional cookies, composite flour, degree of hydrolysis
Thermochemical Conversion of Anaerobic Digestion Digestate into Value-Added Chemicals, Fuels and Materials
Authors:   , Sharma Isha
Published: January 2025

Wet biomass waste processing is a challenge due to low conversion efficiency and high costs. The research addressed this challenge by evaluating and optimising catalytic hydrothermal processes for the effective thermochemical conversion of wet biomass waste into higher value products. Cheaply sourced iron doped catalyst was developed and demonstrated production of a stable bio-oil. The aqueous phase co-product was subjected to hydrothermal gasification, to produce hythane, and low carbon water and the solid residue valorised to produce carbon for electrodes in Lithium batteries. Along with clean energy, the processing concept demonstrates a zero-waste approach for circular economy.
Morphological description of the anterior cerebral artery and its branches in cadavers’ samples
Authors:   Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia, Ballesteros Luis , Corredor Natalia ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia, Larrotta Oscar ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia
Published: January 2025

The diverse morphological expression of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), described in several population groups, generates a complex spectrum of clinical signs when embolic or hemorrhagic strokes occur. This study evaluated the ACA and its branches in 162 cerebral hemispheres extracted from corpses at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Bucaramanga, Colombia. The proximal segments of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries were bilaterally perfused with semisynthetic resin dyed with red-colored minerals. The qualitative and morphometric characteristics of the ACA and its branches were recorded.
The length of the A1 segment was 12.4±2.5 mm, with a diameter 2.4±0.6 mm. The medial orbitofrontal branch (MOF) originated from the A2 segment in 144 cases (93.5%), and in 41 specimens (26.6%), it formed common trunks with the frontopolar branch (FP) or with the anterior medial frontal branch (AMF). The length and diameter of the marginal callosal branch (MC) were 59.7±18.8 mm and 1.6±0.5 mm, respectively. The sixteen cases (10.4%) of observed medial frontal branches stemmed from the ACA and not from the MC. In thirty-three cases (21.4%), the branch of the paracentral lobule (PcL) emerged from the A3 segment; in 81 samples (52.6%) from the MC; and in 40 (26%) from the A4 segment. This study found great variability in the emergence of the ACA branches, especially the MC, the MF, and the PcL. Knowing the origin, unique or branched pathways, and territories irrigated by the ACA and its branches enriches the diagnosis, management, and interventions when these structures are compromised in clinical events.
Relation of Typhoon, Global Warming, NOx, and NOx Elimination
Authors: Ozaki Shoichiro
Published: January 2025

Many typhoons are happening by the global warming. Typhoon killed many persons. We must stop global warming. Since 7 developed countries started NOx elimination in 1980, global warming started. Because compulsive NOx elimination by ammonia, nitrogen become scarer. CO2 assimilation is retarded. CO2 absorption decreased. Heat absorption decreased. Global warming started. We must stop global warming by stopping ammonia addition to the exit gas of electricity plant.
Assessing Monetary Policy Effects on the Financial System Stability of Armenia
Authors: AVETISYAN MARINE
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the impact of the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the
Republic of Armenia on the stability of the Armenian financial system. This study aims to
investigate and assess the relationship between monetary policy and the financial
stability index, which we have constructed. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
method was used to obtain the financial stability index. We used the Vector
Autoregressive (VAR) modeling methodology based on annual data for the assessments.
An impulse response function was constructed to evaluate how inflation shocks affect the
financial stability index over time. By assessing the response of the financial stability
index, we modeled the inflation shock, considered an intermediate tool of monetary
policy, for the years 2013-2023; we noted that price stability policy has an impact on
financial stability policy in Armenia. Specifically, with VAR modeling, the financial
stability index responds positively to a one-time inflation shock, with the effects felt for
about four years. However, the financial stability index deteriorates after that, assuming
negative values. The results indicate that in an inflationary environment, when the
economy is in an upward phase, financial stability will be at a high level for several
years, but this will be followed by a phase of decline and instability, which many
countries worldwide have faced.
Livestock Insurance Prospects in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: NERSISYAN NERSES
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the indicators, changes, and existing opportunities for the
introduction and development of insurance products in one of the most important
branches of RA agriculture - livestock breeding. There are many types of insurance
worldwide, which are gradually gaining life and gaining importance in the Republic of
Armenia. For example, recently, the product "job loss insurance" of "Ingo Armenia"
Insurance Company has received great resonance (banks news). Such products, of
course, are both interesting and surprising, as they reflect the aspirations of the
insurance market development and characterize the market formation in our country.
But still, are these types of products even more important than, for example, beekeeping
insurance? Will the development of these products lead to faster economic development
than the advancement of agri-insurance? Looking at the "huge investment" of
agriculture among the industries contributing to economic growth, at least at the state
level, the development of agri-insurance types cannot be ignored. It is for these and
many other reasons that this paper presents the development and prospects of one of the
most developed branches of the agricultural sector - livestock insurance in our country.
Livestock insurance is a beneficial product for farmers against the loss or damage
of animals, which provides financial protection in case of certain risks.
Livestock insurance, like other types of insurance, covers certain risks,
particularly the loss of animals due to accidents, diseases, or other types of natural
disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, fires, etc. However, it should be noted that
the volatility of agricultural production, especially in the livestock sector, and the high
dependence of performance on a large number of accidents lead to the fact that the level of insurance risk and, consequently, the volume of agricultural risk insurance
rates are very high.
Ռոբոտացումը՝ որպես արդի ֆենոմեն. միտումներ և զարգացումներ / ROBOTISATION AS A MODERN PHENOMENON: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: PAKHLYAN ANNA
Published: January 2025

Robotics has long since ceased to be merely a brilliant idea for fantasy action movies. With the development of techniques and technologies, the list of countries specializing in robotics and actively utilizing them is expanding. Moreover, the operations and fields of application of robots are diversifying.
The industrial and service robot market has seen a steady growth worldwide, and this growth is
set to continue as automation becomes vital to businesses due to reduced manufacturing costs and
increased efficiency.
Սովի համաշխարհային համաթիվ. սովի վերացո՞ւմ, թե՞ թերսնուցման խորացում / GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX: ZERO HUNGER OR DEEPENING UNDERNOURISHMENT?
Authors: KHACHATRYAN Ani
Published: January 2025

One of the most important goals of sustainable economic development is to end hunger and ensure
access to sufficient food for all people. Food insecurity is a serious threat that causes economic instability and social tension. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the level of hunger based on one of
the most widely used assessments - the Global Hunger Index (GHI) - which serves as a unique indicator
of the population’s undernourishment. Overall, the methodological approach of calculation of the GHI
aligns with economic logic. The four component indicators of the index make it possible to assess the
progress of countries in terms of the UN’s sustainable development goals. It can be observed that since
2015, due to external shocks, the pace of reduction of hunger and undernourishment indicators has
significantly slowed down. While some countries have succeeded in fighting hunger, a large number of
countries have failed, facing deepening issues of hunger and undernourishment. This is largely due to
the way countries overcome external shocks, as well as the improvement of governance systems and
infrastructure, and the implementation of effective social policies.
Պատերազմ ու պատժամիջոցներ. ռուսաստանյան արժեթղթերի շուկայի արձագանքն իրավիճակին / WAR AND SANCTIONS: REACTION OF THE RUSSIAN STOCK MARKET TO THE SITUATION
Authors: AGHABEKYAN Edgar
Published: January 2025

Due to the economic and political consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war, as well as the imposed sanctions, the Russian economy in general and the stock market in particular are in an emergency situation. Restrictions on international transfers, sanctions imposed on the securities market
infrastructure — stock exchanges, depository systems — have made international cash flows, capital
flows and transactions on foreign markets impossible. However, despite the tense internal and external
conditions, the stock market, as well as the economy as a whole, is beginning to adapt to the situation.
With rising prices on the international markets of raw materials and energy resources, many Russian
companies are recording quite high performance and paying dividends. In the paper, the author
reviewed the development of the general economic situation, trends in individual segments of the
securities market — bonds, shares, derivatives and repo transactions — as well as the main factors
determining them.
«Կովկասյան վագրի» վերադարձը Մաս 1. Հայաստանի վերափոխումները և տնտեսական մոդելի ձևակերպման հրամայականը / REVIVAL OF THE “CAUCASIAN TIGER”
PART 1. TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE NEED TO DEFINE THE ECONOMIC
MODEL OF ARMENIA
Authors: KARAPETYAN NAREK
Published: January 2025

With high expansion in 2023, the average economic growth rate overthe past 3 years is approximately
9%, which is unprecedented since 2007. This is noteworthy not only because of the high growth rates but
also due to the driving factors behind them. The economic figures of the last years remind us of the phe
-
nomenon of the “Caucasian tiger”, which, in this paper, implies high growth with weaker fundamentals.
Thatis why, in this series of paperr we aim to investigate the economic transformations and the policies
for navigating towards the desired economic model.
This paper discusses Armenia’s economic transformation since the Soviet era, suggesting a hypothe
-
sis, that the economy skipped certain stages of development, which became a key reason for its macro
-
economic vulnerabilities. From this perspective , the paper proposes three possible scenarios of devel
-
opment, implementation of which is non-standard, and requires detailed planning to design structural
reforms and industrial policies
.
Նոր երկաթգծի կառուցումն Ադրբեջանով. Ռուսաստանի թշնամա՞նքը, թե՞ տնտեսական շահեր / THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW RAILWAY THROUGH AZERBAIJAN:
RUSSIA'S HOSTILITY OR ECONOMIC INTERESTS?
Authors: TOROSYAN Alik
Published: January 2025

The "North-South" transport corridor is one of the most discussed topics among experts in recent years. This project creates serious development opportunities for the countries participating in
the project. Initially, the project was intended to implement mutual trade between Russia, India and
Iran, but later Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Belarus also joined it. Recently, the most actively
discussed part of the project is the construction of the railway passing through Azerbaijan. In 2023,
Russia and Iran signed an agreement for the construction of this railway. However, why did Russia
decide to trade with Iran through the territory of Azerbaijan? To answer this question, the article first
investigated why Russia wants to build roads with the Middle East through the Caucasus, and then
investigated why Russia did not choose Armenia for the construction of roads through the Caucasus.
Տնտեսական աջակցություն Եվրամիության կողմից Հայաստանին և Ադրբեջանին. առաջնահերթություն, թե՞ հավասարակշռություն / EU ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN: PRIORITY OR BALANCE?
Authors: TOROSYAN Alik
Published: January 2025

The European Union is a political unit with a serious role in international relations, whose support
gives serious political and economic opportunities to this or that country during conflicts. This paper
examines the main channels of economic support provided by the European Union to Armenia and
Azerbaijan, and the amount of investments made through them. This study was conducted to understand whether the European Union gives any priority in terms of economic support to Armenia during
the conflict with Azerbaijan.
Տարածաշրջանի ամենաերջանիկ երկիրը. ինչպե՞ս են չափում երջանկությունը / HAPPIEST COUNTRY IN THE REGION: HOW IS HAPPINESS MEASURED?
Authors: MOVSISYAN Shushan
Published: January 2025

Every year since 2012, the World Happiness Report has been published with the purpose of analyzing trends in happiness and well-being across different countries worldwide. The report also identifies
factors that make people happy. According to the report, the well-being of Armenia's population has
significantly increased in recent years, surpassing the hapiness scores of other South Caucasus countries.
The paper examines happiness index trends in South Caucasus countries and identifies the factors influencing them. The life evaluation in Armenia has improved in recent years due to substantial
increase in incomes. The increase in social support, that is, mutual assistance within the country, also
played a significant role. Contrary to Armenia, social support in Azerbaijan has recently declined, resulting in a drop in the overall happiness index.
ՀՀ առևտրային բանկերի ավանդային և վարկային պորտֆելների ռիսկային դրսևորումները / Risk Manifestations of Deposit and Credit Portfolios of
RA Commercial Banks․
Authors: AVAGYAN GAYANE , VARDANYAN KNARIK , VARDANYAN TEREZA
Published: January 2025

One of the patterns of development of
the modern world economy is that the real and financial sectors
are constantly interacting. The impact of the banking system on
the real sector of the country's economy is significant. External
and internal impulses spread from one sector of the economy to
another through multiple channels of transmission. As a result,
the established balance is disturbed or the macroeconomic
balance is restored and maintained. The analysis of the volumes
of deposits invested in the country's banking system and the
changes in their structures allows to identify the interrelationships
of two interconnected and interacting sectors of the economy, the
impact on the development of the economy and risk
manifestations in the banking sector.
The paper examines and analyzes changes in the credit and
deposit portfolio structures of commercial banks in the Republic
of Armenia, evaluating their risk manifestations from a financial
stability perspective. The study includes an analysis of the deposit
and loan portfolios across various dimensions to identify any risk
factors associated with the maturity of funds raised and issued by
these banks, the ratio of volumes and specific weights of different
loan types, and changes in the volumes and structures of deposits
and loans held by residents and non-residents. It also considers
the ratio of long-term to short-term loans and other relevant
aspects.
Exploring Relationships Between Ethnic Groups Using Python: Analysis Methods and Results
Authors:   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University», SAGINDYKOV Kakim , KONYRKHANOVA Asem ,   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University», TURSINGALIEVA Gulim ,   NPLC «Karaganda Buketov University», MUKUSHEVA Nazym ,   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University», NIKAMBAEVA Nurgul ,   NPLC «Karaganda Buketov University»
Published: January 2025

Ethnic group relations are examined using Python-based data analysis techniques.
Political, economic and sociological factors influencing ethnic relations are studied, and a comprehensive analysis is carried out using correlation, regression and cluster analysis. Primary
data was collected through population censuses, public opinion surveys and statistical reports.
The results show that economic instability and low levels of education contribute to increased
ethnic tensions, while political stability and progressive legislation reduce the level of conflict.
Cluster analysis revealed three main groups of people with different income, education
and ethnic views. The study highlights the need to use an integrated approach and analytical
methods to develop effective political and economic strategies aimed at improving inter-ethnic
relations.
Getting into the weeds: Vandana Shiva calls for an alternative to industrial agriculture [Book review]
Authors: Marchessault Anna
Published: January 2025

First paragraph:
In a world where industrial agriculture domi­nates, Vandana Shiva’s Agroecology and Regenera­tive Agriculture: Sustainable Solutions for Hunger, Poverty and Climate Change asks a pivotal question: Can we transform our food systems to heal the planet and its people? Shiva’s work challenges conventional farming, advocating for a future of regenerative, organic agriculture. Shiva is an inspiring scholar and activist with expertise in food sovereignty, ecofeminism, and commoning. Drawing on decades of research conducted at her farm, Navdanya, and global examples from scholarly literature, she ar­gues that regenerative agriculture is both viable and essential for tackling the inter­connected crises of hunger, poverty, and climate change. In this book, Shiva takes the reader through six distinct agricul­tural issues with over­lapping themes: seeds of bio­diversity, soil and water, climate change solu­tions, biodiversity for pest control, food nutrition and health, and farmer livelihoods and rural economies. . . .
台灣婦產科醫學會里程碑建置經驗分享
Authors: 黃閔照 黃閔照
Published: January 2025

台灣婦產科醫學會於1961年成立，1987年度辦理第一屆專科醫師考試，建立四年專科訓練規範。由於畢業後一般醫學訓練亦可抵扣專科醫師訓練資格，加上住院醫師工時規範，恐影響住院醫師訓練，故自2017年底開始規劃里程碑制度。參考美國畢業後醫學教育評鑑委員會(Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, ACGME)及美國婦產科醫學會(americancollege of obstetricians and gynecologists, ACOG)聯合修訂、發表訓練內容，完成台灣婦產科醫學會住院醫師訓練里程碑初版，內容依照六大核心能力建立28項勝任能力5個層級。然而2023年透過線性回歸統計方式分析專科醫師考試成績與里程碑分數，發現兩者無顯著相關性。未來將透過即時分析，回饋各醫院，盼透過同儕比較，改善跨院際評核不一致現象，在執行面上，希望導入電子化表單，建立學生的學習歷程及分析。

 

The Taiwan Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology(TAOG)was established in 1961 and conducted its first board certification examination in 1987, formally establishing a structured 4-year training program for Taiwanese specialists.To provide postgraduate general medical training, which could be credited toward specialist training qualifications, and address challenges introduced by resident work-hour regulations, the TAOG subsequently developed a milestone-based evaluation system for residents. On the basis of training content collaboratively revised and published by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the TAOG produced the first version of its residency milestone framework in late 2017. This framework comprised6 core competencies segmented into 28 key competencies across five proficiency levels. Nevertheless, the results of a linear regression conducted in 2023 revealed no significant correlation between milestone scores and specialist examination results. In response, the TAOG will provide feedback to training hospitals,using peer comparisons to address discrepancies in interhospital evaluations. Additionally, the TAOG will implement electronic forms to streamline the documentation and analysis of residents’ learning progress.

 
從醫事人員的性別培力談多元性別友善醫療環境建構
Authors: 游美惠 游美惠
Published: January 2025

本文從醫事人員的性別培力工作討論多元性別友善醫療環境建構。性別友善的醫療體系建構不應只侷限在以女性為關懷對象，應該擴及思索所有性別弱勢者的處境與經驗，而性別友善要求也應逐步擴及不同的分科。本文透過分析醫護人員的訪談資料，指出醫護人員的性別培力，可以充實相關性別知識，加上態度與技能的培養，讓臨床能力融入性別素養，使多元性別者的需求不再被漠視或忽略，則所有病人在醫療院所之中能更有尊嚴的求診看病，讓尊重差異的關懷落實於健康照護領域。

 

This article discusses the establishment of a gender-friendly healthcare environment through the gender empowerment of healthcare professionals. Efforts to build a gender-friendly healthcare system should not focus solely on women. Instead, they should move beyond the misconception of overly associating women with reproductive roles. Notably, the experiences and circumstances of all gender minorities should be considered. Furthermore, gender-friendly practices should be gradually integrated across various medical specialties. Through an analysisof interview data, this article indicates that implementing gender empowerment for healthcare professionals can enhance their gender knowledge and, when combined with appropriate attitudes and skills, facilitate the integrationof gender literacy into clinical competence. When the needs of diverse genders are accounted for, all patients can access care with greater dignity in healthcare institutions, and the spirit of respect for diversity can be realized in healthcare.

 
The 6 C’s of Imaginative Play in Learning English to Develop Students’ Character
Authors: Telaumbanua Yasminar Amaerita , Zebua Elwin Piarawan , Telaumbanua Nita Trima Niat , Mendrofa Denista Riska Cahyani , Halawa Mercy Dwiyul , Lase Libertina , Mendrofa Ester Jelita , Zai Theresia Trines Anjelin , Harefa Nurmawati , Zebua Meniati , Gulo Arniwati
Published: January 2025

This community service examines the use of imaginative games in English learning to develop student character through the 6C framework: Collaboration, Communication, Content, Critical Thinking, Creative Innovation, and Self-Confidence. This activity was conducted with seventh grade students at Agios Nikolaus Gunungsitoli Christian Private Junior High School using observation sheets, field notes and student worksheets to analyze the impact of imaginative play on language learning outcomes and character building. The findings showed that most students demonstrated strong collaboration and communication skills, participating effectively in group activities and verbal interactions. Comprehension of materials and critical thinking skills also improved, with 87.5% of students (14 out of 16) showing a strong understanding of English learning materials, including grammar and vocabulary. A total of 68.75% of students (11 out of 16) were able to analyze and solve problems effectively, although further development is needed to improve their critical thinking skills. However, creative innovation was less developed, with only half of the participants actively exploring new ideas. Self-confidence saw a significant improvement, with 81.25% of students (13 out of 16) showing high levels of self-confidence. This reflects the effectiveness of the imaginative play method in helping students feel confident using language. In conclusion, the 6C’s imaginative play effectively supports language acquisition and character education, particularly in enhancing communication, collaboration, and confidence, though additional strategies are needed to further improve creativity and critical thinking. This approach offers a holistic and engaging method for integrating character development into English language learning.
Pengembangan E-Modul Bermuatan P5 pada Materi Inovasi Teknologi Biologi Mendukung Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Alfatia Alfatia , Supratman Supratman , Ramdhayani Eryuni , Safitri Ade
Published: January 2025

Seiring perkembangan teknologi dalam pendidikan saat ini menutut pendidik untuk dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan memanfaatkan perangkat mengajar berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul bermuatan P5 (Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila) pada materi Inovasi Teknologi Biologi untuk mendukung penerapan kurikulum merdeka di SMA Negeri 3 Sumbawa serta mengetahui respon siswa terhadap e-modul yang dikembangkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengembangan (Reserch and Development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri atas lima tahapan meliputi analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar validasi ahli materi, media, praktisi dan respon siswa. Analisis data secara deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap semua hasil validasi ahli. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-modul yang dikembangkan berdasarkan validasi pada aspek media mendapatkan rata-rata sebesar 84,68% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ditemukan rerata nilai validasi ahli materi sebesar 89,32% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil validasi guru Biologi dengan skor rerata sebesar 80,00%. Kemudian hasil uji respon siswa pada uji coba skala kecil mendapatkan rata-rata 86,6% dengan kategori sangat menarik dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk e-modul yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan ajar penunjang dalam proses pembelajaran Biologi.
Nutritional Preparation for an Ultra-Endurance Swimmer: A Case Report
Authors: Kitts Suzanne , Stauffer Kory , Flink Tania
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Nutritional considerations and metabolic determinates for ultra-endurance events continue to evolve with the increasing popularity of events. This case study assessed the nutritional requirements required of 30-year-old male ultra-endurance athlete to successfully complete an endurance open-water swim.
Methods:  Dietary intake in preparation for the event was assessed, estimated caloric needs, and a nutritional analysis was performed on the athlete to determine nutritional intake that was required to successfully complete the endurance swim event. The athlete was monitored for 24.3 miles (Ontario, Canada to Northeast, Pennsylvania, United States). Day of nutritional changes were observed, and body composition was assessed pre- and post-event.
Results: The swimmer was monitored for 11 hours, 28 minutes and 5 seconds. Determination of athletes’ potential metabolic energy would shape the energy cost to complete the endurance event. Modifications prior to the ultra-endurance swim event met the athlete’s energy requirement for training and the energy reserve needed for the endurance swim event.
Conclusions: The addition of calories and nutritional modifications prior to the ultra-endurance swim event met the athlete’s energy requirement for training and the energy reserve needed for the endurance swim event. This case study highlights the importance of providing nutritional support for ultra-endurance athletes and the difficulty in predicting energy expenditure for such an event.
Neuroscience And the Pancha Kosha: A Scientific Exploration
Authors: Shukla Mahabir , Nathani Neeru , Kumar Mishra Pradip , Kumar Amitesh
Published: January 2025

The Pancha Kosha system, derived from the Taittiriya Upanishad in ancient Indian philosophy, delineates Panch Koshas or Sheaths that encompass human existence: Annamaya Kosha (Physical level), Pranamaya Kosha (Energy level), Manomaya Kosha (mental level), Vijnanamaya Kosha (intellectual level), and Anandamaya Kosha (spiritual level). This holistic framework finds parallels in modern neuroscience, particularly in understanding the mind-body connection and the role of neurological health in well-being. This article explores the possible relationship and comparative study between the Pancha Kosha system and contemporary neuroscience, emphasizing their intersections and insights for integrative approaches in Ayurveda and yoga. With the development of modern neuroscience, attempts are being made to understand these traditional concepts from a scientific point of view.
Examining Participative Management’s Impact on Curriculum Decisions in Secondary Schools through Collaboration.
Authors: Collen Mataboge Dr. Saltiel Khololo
Published: January 2025

This conceptual paper investigates participative management's influence on curriculum decision-making in secondary schools through the lens of collaborative leadership. The main question guiding this research is: How does participative management shape decision-making processes in curriculum development within secondary school contexts? An extensive literature review utilizing sources from (2020-2024) forms the basis of this study, drawing on scholarly articles, case studies and educational reports to examine current trends and challenges. Adopting an interpretive paradigm, the paper explores how participative management fosters collaborative leadership, potentially empowering teachers and school management teams to contribute actively to curriculum design and implementation. Findings are anticipated to reveal both the strengths and limitations of participative management in facilitating inclusive decision-making and promoting effective curriculum development. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to deeper insights on how collaborative leadership approaches can be cultivated to enhance curriculum design in secondary schools, ultimately benefiting student learning outcomes. These insights will inform school leaders, policymakers and educational stakeholders on the practical applications and potential impact of participative management strategies. Limitations of the study include its reliance on secondary data and conceptual analysis which may affect the generalizability of the findings across diverse educational settings.
Emisoras de paz: el reto de construir paz desde los territorios en Colombia
Authors: Reyes Fredy Leonardo , Gómez Pablo Felipe , Torres Sanmiguel Alexander
Published: January 2025

The Final Agreement for the Termination of the Conflict and the Construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace, signed in November 2016 between the government of Colombia and the extinct FARC-EP guerrilla, was proposed, as a commitment of the State, to implement of 20 public interest radio stations, in order to teach about the Final Peace Agreement and publicing the progress in its implementation. Located in territories strongly affected by the armed confrontation, peace radio stations are projected as sui generis scenarios in the Colombian transitional horizon. Consequently, the article records the findings obtained in a first systematic exercise of the emergence and consolidation of radio stations, which includes learning, difficulties, challenges and expectations. The approach problematizes and discusses the importance for broadcasters of working from peace journalism, since they have the capacity and opportunity to promote narratives and representations that, far from the story of war and violence, explore ethnic and cultural wealth. and social that characterizes the territories and their communities. With an ethnographic approach, it concluded that peace radio stations have to build their own identity that separates them from the political interests of the government, as well as discuss the political narratives that want to associate them with the interests of insurgent groups. Peace radio stations are scenarios that provide the opportunity to foster communicative and informative ecosystems that offer different perspectives on the realities experienced in territories where violence still persists, at the local and regional level.
Epidemics as Political Emergencies in Democratic Contexts. Legitimacy and Political Responsibilities Concerning NPI Implementation
Authors: Piroddi Corrado
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to discuss pandemics and epidemics as political emergencies and the political implications of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). It argues that a comprehensive justification for NPI implementation necessitates not only support from the scientific community, but also a deep understanding of their ethical sustainability and moral fairness. The successful implementation of NPIs is also underpinned by political legitimation and fair attribution of political responsibilities and accountability. The paper will explore how such legitimation is attainable during public health emergencies that involve temporary suspensions of standard rules and norms in liberal and democratic regimes. It argues that the legitimation of extraordinary health policies is rooted in the impartiality of the measures, non-discriminatory nature, the transparency of the emergency procedure that led to their implementation, and the close relationship between authorities and the citizens they serve.
Neoliberalismo e governança agroalimentar: Jogos desiguais de poder e comércio internacional
Authors: Barbosa Igor Palma
Published: January 2025

O uso de políticas de apoio estatal para financiamento e promoção do desenvolvimento econômico foi uma premissa quase que universal para sedimentar a estrutura de poder que se delineou no século XX. O cenário político e econômico dos pós-Segunda Guerra esteve fortemente marcado pelo pioneirismo das potências capitalistas vitoriosas do conflito, que serviu tanto ao processo de delineamento de uma nova ordem econômica liberal quanto a criação do sistema de governança internacional para a segurança alimentar. Pela via do comércio, o avanço do neoliberalismo e a criação da OMC com seu marco legalista para pauta agrícola permitiu a manutenção de privilégios tradicionais de potências pioneiras que seguiram adotando políticas protecionistas mesmo em um cenário neoliberal mais restritivo ao policy space dos países signatários do acordo. Dessa forma, a operacionalização de um estudo de caso alicerçado por uma análise documental e revisão de literatura tenciona explanar como que a formação do sistema de governança internacional para a segurança alimentar, em especial a regulamentação agrícola da OMC, funcionou quase como um meio para manutenção de uma estrutura de poder desigual em que países em desenvolvimento são impedidos de replicar estratégias de fortalecimento de seus setores agrícolas e promoção de sua segurança alimentar.
Guided self-help for Bulimia Nervosa: A comparison of individual and group provision
Authors: Mueller Rebecca , Webster Chloe , White Paul , Rose Charlotte , Norweg Sanni
Published: January 2025

This service evaluation explores the implementation of Guided Self-Help (GSH), the first line recommended treatment for Bulimia Nervosa, in both individual and group formats, in an NHS community eating disorder service. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of GSH, compare this across treatment modalities, and explore the therapy experience of participants. N=23 participants engaged in individual and n=38 engaged in group treatment. Three outcome measures (EDE-Q, CIA and PHQ-9) were administered pre- and post-treatment. For both treatment modalities, post-intervention scores significantly improved on all outcome measures. In comparison, the individual treatment modality was found to be more effective for those with more extensive depressive symptoms. The study suggested that both individual and group GSH interventions are effective, supporting group implementation within community eating disorder services. It may be that those with more extensive depression symptoms would benefit to a greater extent from the individual intervention.
Welsh-speakers accessing mental health support: A review of the literature
Authors: Acciaioli Gwenno , Baily James
Published: January 2025

This review summarises the current research on Welsh speakers’ experiences accessing mental health support. Identified themes include identity, the therapeutic relationship, lack of resources and lack of awareness of Welsh culture and language.
Implementation of Spatial Planning Policies
Authors: Sabdey Aprimeno , Zauhar Soesilo , Suryadi Suryadi , Setyowati Endah
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the implementation of spatial planning policies through a case study of the application of Lamandau Regent Regulation No. 13 of 2012 on the "Nanga Bulik, a Beautiful City" slogan. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilized in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The findings reveal that although the policy has been implemented, several challenges persist, including a lack of competent human resources, weak inter-agency coordination, and limited community and private sector participation. Nevertheless, supporting factors such as the local government’s commitment and the region’s strategic potential were identified. The study recommends enhancing policy dissemination, strengthening standard operating procedures, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to ensure successful implementation. These findings are expected to contribute theoretically to the development of public policy and reinforce the concept of city branding for sustainable urban development.
Independent Domination in Claw-Free Cubic Graphs
Authors: Li Linyu , Yue Jun
Published: January 2025

Article
Independent Domination in Claw-Free Cubic Graphs

Linyu Li 1 and Jun Yue 2,*

1 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
2 School of Mathematics Science, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
* Correspondence: yuejun06@126.com
Received: 7 June 2024; Revised: 5 August 2024; Accepted: 13 August 2024; Published: 22 August 2024
 

Abstract: A vertex set S of a graph G is called an independent dominating set if S is an independent set and each vertex in V(G)\S is adjacent to a vertex in S. The independent domination number i(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set in G. This paper first proves that if G is a connected \(K_{1,3}\)-free cubic graph, then \(i(G)\leq \frac{1}{3}|V(G)|\). Meanwhile, \(i(G)=\frac{1}{3}|V(G)|\) if and only if \(G\in \mathcal{H}\), where \(\mathcal{H}\) is an infinite cubic family with each graph being a \(C_6^+\)-necklace. Then, it is shown that if G is a \(\{K_{1,3}, K_4^-, C_6^+\}\)-free cubic graph with no \(C_3\Box K_2\)-component, then \(i(G)\leq \frac{5}{18}|V(G)|\). This result is tight.