bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interzonal Distribution of the Load on the Plantar Surface of the Foot During Walking in the Patients with Cerebral Palsy as an Objective Criterion of Functional Impairment Severity
Authors: Smirnova L. M. , Dzhomardly E. I. , Koltsov A. A.
Published: September 2020

Relevance. The main direction of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is the preservation and enhancement of the existing level of support and locomotion, as well as compensation of its impairment through various methods of rehabilitation. For an adequate prescription and reliable assessment of these measures effectiveness, it is necessary to use objective indicators of functional impairment characteristic of cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to substantiate objective biomechanical indicators of functional impairment in children with cerebral palsy based on the analysis of the interzonal distribution of the load on the foot during walking, taking into account the level of global motor functions impairment. Materials and Methods. 47 children with cerebral palsy at the GMFCS levels of impairment 1 to 3 were examined. The control group consisted of 14 children without anatomical and functional signs of support and locomotion system impairment. Biomechanical examination was performed on the complex «DiaSled-M-Scan» with matrix plantar pressure meters in the form of insoles. The statistical analysis of the data was carried out by nonparametric methods using the SPSS for Widows software. Results. The analysis of the anatomical and functional impairment of 94 feet of the children with cerebral palsy and 28 feet of the control group revealed differences in the interzonal distribution of the load under the feet in six variables (p from 0.001 to 0.003). The most typical were: an increase in the toe-to-heel load ratio (on average by 80%), an increase in the load on the arch (by 49%), and a decrease in the medio-lateral load ratio on the toe (by 37%). For GMFCS 1 patients, a significant indicator of impairment was an increase in the partial load on the arch, for GMFCS 2 and 3 patients — a decrease in the load on the heel and an increase it under the toe. This leads to an increase in the toe-to-heel load ratio. Conclusion. It is advisable to use the revealed indicators of roll-over-the-foot impairment in the functional diagnosis of the condition and in assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.
Behavior of Callers to a Crisis Helpline Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quantitative Data Analysis
Authors: Turkington Robin , Mulvenna Maurice , Bond Raymond , Ennis Edel , Potts Courtney , Moore Ciaran , Hamra Louise , Morrissey Jacqui , Isaksen Mette , Scowcroft Elizabeth , O'Neill Siobhan
Published: September 2020

Background

The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be an international pandemic in March 2020. While numbers of new confirmed cases of the disease and death tolls are rising at an alarming rate on a daily basis, there is concern that the pandemic and the measures taken to counteract it could cause an increase in distress among the public. Hence, there could be an increase in need for emotional support within the population, which is complicated further by the reduction of existing face-to-face mental health services as a result of measures taken to limit the spread of the virus.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had any influence on the calls made to Samaritans Ireland, a national crisis helpline within the Republic of Ireland.

Methods

This study presents an analysis of calls made to Samaritans Ireland in a four-week period before the first confirmed case of COVID-19 (calls=41,648, callers=3752) and calls made to the service within a four-week period after a restrictive lockdown was imposed by the government of the Republic of Ireland (calls=46,043, callers=3147). Statistical analysis was conducted to explore any differences between the duration of calls in the two periods at a global level and at an hourly level. We performed k-means clustering to determine the types of callers who used the helpline based on their helpline call usage behavior and to assess the impact of the pandemic on the caller type usage patterns.

Results

The analysis revealed that calls were of a longer duration in the postlockdown period in comparison with the pre–COVID-19 period. There were changes in the behavior of individuals in the cluster types defined by caller behavior, where some caller types tended to make longer calls to the service in the postlockdown period. There were also changes in caller behavior patterns with regard to the time of day of the call; variations were observed in the duration of calls at particular times of day, where average call durations increased in the early hours of the morning.

Conclusions

The results of this study highlight the impact of COVID-19 on a national crisis helpline service. Statistical differences were observed in caller behavior between the prelockdown and active lockdown periods. The findings suggest that service users relied on crisis helpline services more during the lockdown period due to an increased sense of isolation, worsening of underlying mental illness due to the pandemic, and reduction or overall removal of access to other support resources. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Working Alliance in the Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Delivered by Videoconference: Mediation Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Marcotte-Beaumier Gabrielle , Bouchard Stéphane , Gosselin Patrick , Langlois Frédéric , Belleville Geneviève , Marchand André , Dugas Michel J
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Previous meta-analyses have shown a significant relationship between working alliance and treatment outcome in general. Some studies have examined the relationship between working alliance and treatment outcome during telepsychotherapy, but to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the mediating role of individual components of the working alliance.

OBJECTIVE

As part of a clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) delivered by videoconference (VC), the aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty on the relationship between the components of the working alliance and treatment outcome.

METHODS

A sample of 46 adults with primary GAD received 15 sessions of CBT for GAD delivered over VC. Participants completed the measure of working alliance immediately after the fifth therapy session. The degree of change in intolerance of uncertainty (a key psychological process) was assessed from pre- to posttreatment. Treatment outcome was assessed via changes in GAD symptoms from pretreatment to the 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS

The results revealed that the therapeutic bond did not predict treatment outcome (r=−0.23; P=.12). However, agreement on therapeutic goals and tasks did predict treatment outcome (r=−0.42; P=.004 and r=−0.37; P=.01, respectively). In addition, the relationship between consensus on therapeutic tasks and treatment outcome was completely mediated by changes in intolerance of uncertainty (unstandardized β=−0.03; r2=0.12), whereas consensus relative to treatment goals had a direct impact on treatment outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

These results provide a better understanding of the differential role of the components of the working alliance in telepsychotherapy as a facilitative factor for changes in key cognitive processes, leading to therapeutic change.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 12662027; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12662027.
Implementing a Peer Advocate Mental Health Digital Intervention Program for Ohio Youth: Descriptive Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Albritton Tashuna , Ford Kelsey Lynett , Elsbernd Kira , Santodomingo Melodie , Juzang Ivan , Weddington Pam , Bull Sheana
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

In the United States, millions of adolescents report poor mental health, where 1 in 5 teenagers considers suicide. Reducing stigma and fostering peer support remains critical for positive mental health interventions and programs. Increasingly, digital mental health tools have emerged with great promise, leveraging social networks. Despite the potential, limited understanding of such comprehensive programs and their implementation exist.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study investigates a piloted digital mental health training program (Be Present) for youth, specifically describing the impact on youth behavioral outcomes and user engagement and identifying high-risk youth in the early phases of prevention.

METHODS

Eligibility included Ohio residents (aged 14 to 22 years) to be enrolled as either a Friend or a Peer Advocate. From May 1 to June 1, 2019, participants completed the Advocate training course, taking pretest and posttest surveys. Single-arm descriptive analyses measured youth outcomes (self-efficacy, intentions, behaviors, social support, knowledge, and sources of strength) and engagement and assessed risk based on survey responses.

RESULTS

A total of 65 adolescents participated, with 54 completing both pretest and posttest surveys. The majority of participants included non-Hispanic White females. Findings illustrated a significant increase in self-report of referrals for mental health services as well as in perceptions that youth had of experiencing social support; however, no significant differences were found for measures of self-efficacy, knowledge, and sources of strength between pretest and posttest surveys. Roughly two-thirds of the participants completed all of the Advocate training modules, and we observed a gradual decline in engagement. Most respondents who received escalated high-risk response messages identified as female.

CONCLUSIONS

The pilot presented promise for implementing a digital mental health program focused on peer support, specifically observing reported youth behavioral outcomes and user engagement and identifying high-risk youth. Various limitations exist given the small nonrepresentative sample and lack of control group. All findings should be considered preliminary to a larger trial and underscore the feasibility of delivering online training programs to bolster adolescent mental health. Such formative evaluation proved critical for future implementation and research, offering opportunity for substantial improvements for real-world digital mental health programs.
Assessing Emotional Well-Being as a Result of Quarantining During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Wilson Andrea Breanne , Althoff Will
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Emotional well-being can be negatively impacted by lack of social interaction. This study examined the effects of social isolation on emotional well-being. Respondents filled out a weekly survey for a period of 10 weeks, reporting their positive and negative affect (PANAS-X) and the effects of quarantine on their emotional well-being. Results indicate that quarantining had a negative effect on respondents’ emotional well-being. Activites and outings, suggested by the CDC, could potentially decrease the negative impacts of quarantine.
The Study of the Strength Properties of Galvanized Iron (GI) Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Gupta Sristi Das , Chayon MD Shah Newaz Aftab , Karmaka Chaity , Zakaria Hasan Mohammad
Published: September 2020

The use of concrete with randomly distributed metallic or non-metallic fiber is now prominent in concrete engineering and metallic fiber has been reported to have a better contribution to concrete mechanical properties. The utilization of locally available galvanized iron or metallic fiber as a bridging material which is a new technique in Bangladesh has the ability to surprisingly improve concrete physical properties. This research was, therefore, conducted to compare the concrete performance of GI fiber and steel fiber using previous literature as well as the suitability of GI fiber as a supplant to steel fiber in the concrete industry. This was achieved through the evaluation of the compression, tension, and brittleness of concrete with ‘Galvanized Iron’ fiber using several cutting lengths of 20 mm and 40 mm with multiple mix proportions including 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% by volume of the concrete. The results showed the fiber with a large cut length of 40 mm and proportion lesser than 2.5% performed well than 20 mm with proportion 2% in reference to the plain concrete. Moreover, the incorporation of a 2.0% proportion of galvanized iron fiber with 40 mm length was observed to have exhibited crowning increment for both concrete compression and tension by 16.1% and 89.2% correspondingly contrasted to the control specimen. A further increase in the percent of fiber content 2% led to a reduction in the compression and tension for both 20 mm and 40 mm lengths while a significant reduction in brittleness for galvanized iron fiber reinforced concrete was observed in contrast to the control specimen. Furthermore, the inclusion of 1.0%–2.5% GI fiber with a 40 mm length reduced concrete brittleness by 56.9% - 65.5 % in comparison with the control specimen. Therefore, the inclusion of galvanized iron (metallic) to enhance the physical properties of concrete was deduced to be one of the startling stratagems
Farmers’ Practices in Using Insecticides to Control Spodoptera exigua Infesting Shallot Allium cepa var. aggregatum in the Shallot Production Centers of Java
Authors: Aldini Gracia Melsiana , Trisyono Y. Andi , Wijonarko Arman , Witjaksono Witjaksono , De Putter Herman
Published: September 2020

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major insect pest of shallot in Java. This research was aimed to determine how insecticides were used as the common farmers practice  for controlling S. exigua. The research was conducted in three shallot production centers in Java: the Districts of Brebes (Central Java Province), Nganjuk (East Java Province), and Bantul (the Special Region of Yogyakarta).  Surveys were conducted by interviewing thirty shallot farmers as respondents from each district. The selected thirty farmers were taken from  four sub-districts. Almost all farmers (93.3%) in the three districts had similar perception that S. exigua was the major insect pest in shallot and 84.4% farmers stated that this insect was difficult to control. The four most common insecticides active ingredients  used were chlorfenapyr, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, and emamectin benzoate. Insecticides remained the first choice and they were applied throughout the shallot season mostly based on the calendar (1-3 days interval). When using insecticides farmers tend to exceed the label recommended rates, and the farmers mostly mixed different insecticides into one spray solution. These results suggest that application of insecticides to control S. exigua was already exessive. The potential risks and efforts essential to minimize the risks are discussed.
The Impact of Rand/Pula Exchange Rate Volatility on Botswana’s Economic Growth
Authors: J. SEBEGO, , B. O. TSHEKO, , G. R. MOTLALENG,
Published: September 2020

This paper undertakes an investigation of the impact of the Rand/Pula exchange rate volatility on Botswana’s economic growth. The paper is using annual time series data, from 1977 to 2018. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is employed to evaluate the impact of the real exchange rate volatility on Botswana’s economic growth. The GARCH model results found the Pula/Rand exchange rate to be volatile. The Rand/Pula exchange rate volatility does not have an impact on Botswana’s economic growth. This finding mirrors those of Kaur et al. (2019) and Musyoki et al. (2012). They found negative but insignificant impact of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Malaysia and Kenya, respectively. Our empirical findings suggest that Botswana’s economic growth is largely explained by trade openness and growth of labour force and not influenced by the Rand/Pula exchange rate volatility.
Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogenic Infections
Authors: Akram Wardah Mohammad , Menezes Godfred Antony , Abbas Nida , Ahmad Wasim , Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed
Published: September 2020

The multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) infections in severely infected patients present numerous difficulties in terms of treatment failure where antibiotics cannot arrest such drug resistant bacteria. Based on the patient’s medical history and updated microbiological epidemiology data, an effective empirical treatment remains critical for optimal results to safeguard human health. The aim of this manuscript is to review management of MDR-Gram negative pathogenic bacterial infections. Quick diagnosis and narrow antimicrobial spectrum require rapid and timely diagnosis and effective laboratories in accordance with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) principles. Worldwide, there is an increased emergence of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Recently, novel therapeutic options, such as meropenem/vaborbactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, eravacycline and plazomicin became accessible to effectively counteract severe infections. Optimally using these delays the emergence of resistance to novel therapeutic agents. Further study is required, however, due to uncertainties in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics optimization of dosages and therapeutic duration in severely ill patients. The novel agents should be verified for (i) action on carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; (ii) action on CRE of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors dependence on type of carbapenemase; (iii) emergence of resistance to novel antibacterials and dismiss selective pressure promoting development of resistance. Alternative treatments should be approached alike phage therapy or antibacterial peptides. The choice of empirical therapy is complicated by antibiotic resistance and can be combated by accurate antibiotic and their combinations usage, which is critical to patient survival. Noteworthy are local epidemiology, effective teamwork and antibiotic stewardship to guarantee that medications are utilized properly to counter the resistance.
Biosorption of Mercury Ion (Hg2+) using Live and Dead Cells of Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger : Characterization, Kinetic and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Saiful Anuar Siti Nur Izzati , Othman Farhana , Chay Tay Chia , Ahmad Nasir Nor Atikah Husna
Published: September 2020

Mercury ions (Hg2+) are usually being discharged into water bodies without proper treatment. It is toxic, non-biodegradable and persistent naturally which leads to serious environmental problems. Through microbial approach, this study compares the efficiency of two types of fungi: R. oryzae and A. niger of common biosorption fungi in absorbing Hg2+ based on FTIR analysis, kinetic and isotherm studies. Both fungi were prepared into two forms which are live and dead biomass; and the Hg2+ was prepared at 10 and 100 ppm. FTIR analysis has identified existing functional group of hydroxyl, carboxylic and amino functional groups from both fungi, which are important in attracting Hg2+ ion. On average, 60-90% of Hg2+ was removed by both live and dead biomass of R. oryzae and A. niger at 10 and 100 ppm. Meanwhile, the highest sorption was achieved by dead cells of R. oryzae which is up to 90.38% at 100 ppm. In terms of kinetic studies, experimental data fitted to the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with correlation coefficient, R2 (0.9997), and Langmuir isotherm, which means the absorption process occurs on the homogenous surface that corresponds to the monolayer formation. Through these findings, the dead cells of A. niger and R. oryzae are better in sorption of Hg2+ compared to the live cells. Meanwhile, the rate of biosorption by R. oryzae is higher compared to A. niger. However, both fungi are excellent in biosorption of Hg2+ ions and could be an alternative to current physico-chemical methods used.
Shallot Basal Bulb Rot Management through Integration of Trichoderma asperellum, Composted Plant Residues and Natural Mulch
Authors: Ismail Nurmasita , Rosmana Ade , Sjam Sylvia , Ratnawati Ratnawati
Published: September 2020

Basal bulb rot (BBR) of shallot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae is one of the highly deleterious diseases on shallot, Allium cepa L. var ascalonicum Backer. in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the potency of organic mulch, composted plant residues, and endophytic Trichoderma asperellum to control this disease. Treatment with mulch alone, mulch plus compost, mulch plus T. asperellum, and combination of all the three provided the decrease of BBR incidence by 15%, 20%, 29%, and 39% and the increase of shallot productivity by 22%, 66%, 84%, and 125%, respectively. Observation of another treatment impact on the fungal occurrence at harvest time indicated that their population in soil increased by 671%, 771%, 257%, and 814% and the fungal colonization in root tissues mounted by 31%, 77%, 77%, and 74%, respectively. The introduced Trichoderma was found predominantly, especially in leaf tissues of inoculated shallot. These data showed that all the treatments were able to control BBR disease. However, the most effective was the mulch in combination with compost and T. asperellum. Therefore, large-scale disease control could take advantage of this integration.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of Sparfloxacin-Mediated Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Nisar Muhammad , Khan Shujaat Ali , Gul Maryam , Rauf Abdur , Zafar Salman , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy
Published: September 2020

The aim of the current research finding was to synthesize, characterize and antibacterial evaluation of sparfloxacin-mediated noble metal nanoparticles. Noble metal [silver (Ag), and gold (Au)] nanoparticles (NPs), mediated with fluoroquinolone, an anti-bacterial drug [Sparfloxacin, (Sp)], was synthesized by a facile and convenient procedure. Formulated Ag-Sp NPs, and Au-Sp NPs exhibited stability against variation in pH, NaCl solution, temperature, and time. The structural topographies of Ag-Sp, and Au-Sp NPs were determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). UV-Vis revealed the formulation of NPs by showing typical surface Plasmon absorption maxima at 410 nm for Ag-Sp NPs and 555 nm for Au-Sp NPs. The AFM and SEM analysis ascertained stable mono dispersed Ag-Sp NPs and Au-Sp NPs in the size range of 40-50 nm, and 70-80 nm, respectively. Ag-Sp, and Au-Sp NPs exhibited antibacterial traits against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia, showing a zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 20±0.98 mm to 24±0.94 mm (Ag-Sp NPs), and 22±0.79 mm to 26±0.92 mm (Au-Sp NPs) at dose of 3 mg/mL.
The Impact of the Implementation of Culture-based Antibiotic Policy on the Incidence of Nosocomial Infections in Neonates Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a General Egyptian Hospital in Upper Egypt, 2016-2018
Authors: El-Baky Rehab Mahmoud Abd , Senosy Eman Mohamed , Omara Walid , Mohamed Doaa Safwat , Ibrahim Reham Ali
Published: September 2020

Nosocomial infections mainly are due to inefficient cleaning in association with the uncontrollable prescription of antimicrobials resulting in the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in the hospital environment. Objectives:The study aims to evaluate the impact of the implementation of culture-guided antibiotic policy with strict infection control strategies on the occurrence of nosocomial infections and the resistance pattern ofthe isolated clinical and environmental pathogens. The study was done in 2 periods. Firstly, (August 2016 – April 2017), routine disinfection procedures and the applied antibiotic policy were evaluated. Secondly, according to the results a new antibiotic policy depending on the culture sensitivity results were implemented starting from June 2017 to February 2018 in association with strict infection control practices. As a result of this intervention, A change in the type of the isolated microorganisms was observed.Antibiotic resistance was decreased. Mortality rate was reduced from 14.1% to 9.5% of neonates with nosocomial infections, the number of the prescribed antibiotics didn’t exceed 4 antibiotics decreasing the overall cost for neonates’ therapy during their hospital stay. Each hospital should have its own antibiotic policy with the application of strict infection control strategies for the control of nosocomial infection.
Pengaruh Gender, Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan pada CV. Shade Collection Denpasar
Authors: Pulawan I Made
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gender, kompensasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan dan parsial terhadap loyalitas karyawan CV. Shade Collection Denpasar serta mengetahui variabel yang berpengaruh dominan. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 51 orang, dengan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode observasi, wawancara serta kuisioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gender, kompensasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan CV. Shade Collection Denpasar. Secara parsial variabel kompensasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan, sedangkan gender tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas karyawan CV. Shade Collection Denpasar. Terbukti bahwa kompensasi merupakan variabel berpengaruh dominan terhadap loyalitas karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan CV. Shade Collection Denpasar sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan sistem pemberian kompensasi, terutama dalam hal pemberian gaji dan uang lembur serta memperhatikan lingkungan tempat kerja karyawan, khususnya dalam hal kenyamanan saat melakukan pekerjaan.
Pengaruh Penyaluran Kredit, dan Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) Terhadap Profitabilitas Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) di Desa Pakraman Ubud Tahun 2015-2018
Authors: Putri Kadek Gita Dwi Cahaya , Sara (Scopus ID: 57207688235) I Made , Wulandari I Gusti Ayu Athina , Bagiada Kompiang
Published: September 2020

LPD merupakan salah satu unsur kelembagaan Desa Pakraman yang menjalankan fungsi keuangan dari Desa Pakraman untuk mengelola potensi keuangan Desa Pakraman. Lembaga ini sangat berpotensi dan telah terbukti dalam memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa dan memenuhi kepentingan desa itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyaluran kredit, dan dana pihak ketiga terhadap profitabilitas LPD di Desa Pakraman Ubud dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan 1 Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) dalam 4 tahun pengamatan, sehingga diperoleh 48 sampel pengamatan dengan menggunakan metode analisis linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Uji t pada variabel penyaluran kredit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas LPD, variabel dana pihak ketiga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas LPD. Sementara hasil Uji F diperoleh variabel penyaluran kredit dan dana pihak ketiga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas LPD di Desa Pakraman Ubud.
Hydrogen application in internal combustion engines
Authors: Asoyan Arthur R. , Danilov Igor K. , Asoyan Igor A. , Polishchuk Georgy M.
Published: September 2020

A technical solution has been proposed to reduce the consumption of basic hydrocarbon fuel, to improve the technical, economic and environmental performance of internal combustion engines by affecting the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture with a minimum effective mass fraction of hydrogen additive in the fuel-air mixture. The burning rate of hydrogen-air mixtures is an order of magnitude greater than the burning rate of similar mixtures based on gasoline or diesel fuel, compared with the former, they are favorably distinguished by their greater detonation stability. With minimal additions of hydrogen to the fuel-air charge, its combustion time is significantly reduced, since hydrogen, having previously mixed with a portion of the air entering the cylinder and burning itself, effectively ignites the mixture in its entirety. Issues related to the accumulation of hydrogen on board the car, its storage, explosion safety, etc., significantly inhibit the development of mass production of cars using hydrogen fuel. The described technical solution allows the generation of hydrogen on board the car and without accumulation to use it as an additive to the main fuel in internal combustion engines. The technical result is to reduce the consumption of hydrocarbon fuels (of petroleum origin) and increase the environmental friendliness of the car due to the reduction of the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases.
Computer#aided design of the pump profile with epicycloidal gearing using MathCad tools
Authors: Vallejo Maldonado Pablo Ramon , Romanova Viktorina A. , Campos Messias De Jesus Augusto
Published: September 2020

The article discusses a method for determining the relative eccentricity , used in calculating the thermal balance of an internal combustion engine sliding bearing. When performing this calculation, a number of temperature values are set in the bearing oil layer. For each set temperature, the engine oil viscosity value and the bearing load factor Ф are determined. To determine the relative eccentricity, graphical dependencies of the load factor on the relative eccentricity are used as input data. The thermal calculation of the sliding bearing showed that the accuracy of determining the relative eccentricity is of great importance. Their inaccurate definition leads to a failure of the thermal balance in the bearing. In addition, the method of determining the value of by the accepted value of the ratio of the working length of the bearing to the diameter of the connecting rod neck of the crankshaft (graphically) for this calculation is quite time-consuming. For this reason, the graphical method for determining has been replaced with an analytical one. Relative eccentricities were obtained using the least squares method. An algorithm has been developed for automated construction of transverse and longitudinal profiles of an oil pump with epicycloidal engagement.
Current trends, foreign economic development strategies, and competitiveness of transnational corporations of Japan, China and Southeast Asia: comparative analysis
Authors: Mishchenko Yana V.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is a comparative analysis of modern strategies for foreign economic development and transnationalization of large businesses in Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. The article analyzes modern investment strategies and the main trends in the activities of transnational corporations in these countries. The relevance of the article is due to the important role of TNCs in the international exchange of foreign direct investment, their significant contribution to improving the socio-economic level of their home countries, as well as strengthening and expanding trade and economic ties between the states of East Asia. When preparing the work, we used such quantitative research methods as statistical analysis, ranking, comparison. We use theoretical (descriptive analysis, content analysis) and empirical (working with official documentation) methods for collecting information. Official publications and materials of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), as well as the work of Russian scientists and researchers, made a significant contribution to the theoretical and factual base of the study. The article compares the total volume of assets held by corporations in the countries under consideration and the volume of foreign assets. The author analyzes the spheres of economy in which their TNCs are engaged and attempts to identify their international specialization. Singapore and Malaysia are defined as the Southeast Asian countries that are most successfully developing the process of transnationalization of large businesses; however, business transnationalization is uneven in the sub-region. Various motives for the transnationalization of large businesses in the compared countries are highlighted, as well as modern examples of their investment interaction, mergers, and acquisitions conducted by East Asian TNCs.
Digital economy: communication using neural networks in international communication
Authors: Strenina Maria A.
Published: September 2020

The article considers theoretical and practical issues of development and implementation, as well as potential development of technological solutions for voice communication of people speaking foreign languages using simultaneous machine translation, as well as potential directions of these programs for international conferences, seminars, business meetings, education in foreign universities. The article deals with the concrete experience of implementing a scientific and technological project on software development and application development carried out within the framework of the innovation project of the Russian Foundation for Innovations Development. The potential of development of this type of technologies and products in Russia in conditions of digital economy creation is also analyzed.
Knowledge level of nursing home employees on urinary incontinence
Authors: YENAL Sinan , PAKDEMİRLİ Ahu , YENAL Kerziban
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a common public health problem that increases in frequency with aging. The role of nursing home staff is important in the correct management of this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about urinary incontinence among healthcare personnel and care workers at nursing homes.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with workers caring for the elderly and healthcare personnel working at nursing homes affiliated with the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services at the city center of İzmir. The Turkish version of the Incontinence Quiz, for which a Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Kara et al., was used as the data collection tool in this study. Data for the study were collected from nursing homes between January and February 2020.Results: The study was conducted on 205 employees (care workers and healthcare personnel). The mean score of nursing home employees from the Turkish Incontinence Quiz was 6.55 ± 2.57. Comparison of the knowledge scores of participants based on their occupation showed that workers caring for the elderly had a lower score than healthcare personnel group (p<0.001). According to the educational status and number of years worked, university graduates (p<0.001) and those who had worked for ≥ 16 years (p=0.032) had significantly higher scores. Conclusion: This study showed that nursing home employees had moderate level of knowledge about urinary incontinence. Moreover, education and experience were associated with a higher level of knowledge.
Mechanism of aluminum carbide formation in aluminum electrolysis cells
Authors: Wang Y.-W. , Hao P.-C. , Peng J.-P. , Di Y.-Z.
Published: September 2020

The formation and dissolution of aluminum carbide is considered the primary factor affecting the life of aluminum electrolysis cells. Herein, the characteristics of sodium-graphite intercalation compounds (Na-GICs) were measured and the formation mechanism of Al4C3 during the aluminum electrolysis process was experimentally studied. The Na-GIC characteristics and the products of aluminum and Na-GIC reactions were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that graphite can react with the sodium metal to form Na-GICs, which were detectable by Raman spectroscopy. Sodium inserted into the graphite layered structure acted as an intercalation agent to change the original graphite layered structure and increase the volume and specific surface area of graphite. Further, Al4C3 was produced by using sodium-graphite intercalation compounds and aluminum as materials. Thus, the presence of sodium plays an important role in the formation process of Al4C3 in aluminum electrolysis cells.
Sitagliptin Treatment at the Time of Hospitalization Was Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19: A Multicenter, Case-Control, Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Solerte Sebastiano Bruno , D’Addio Francesca , Trevisan Roberto , Lovati Elisabetta , Rossi Antonio , Pastore Ida , Dell’Acqua Marco , Ippolito Elio , Scaranna Cristiana , Bellante Rosalia , Galliani Silvia , Dodesini Alessandro Roberto , Lepore Giuseppe , Geni Francesca , Fiorina Roberta Maria , Catena Emanuele , Corsico Angelo , Colombo Riccardo , Mirani Marco , De Riva Carlo , Oleandri Salvatore Endrio , Abdi Reza , Bonventre Joseph V. , Rusconi Stefano , Folli Franco , Di Sabatino Antonio , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Galli Massimo , Fiorina Paolo
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

Poor outcomes have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); thus, it is mandatory to explore novel therapeutic approaches for this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study, sitagliptin, an oral and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was added to standard of care (e.g., insulin administration) at the time of hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with COVID-19. Every center also recruited at a 1:1 ratio untreated control subjects matched for age and sex. All patients had pneumonia and exhibited oxygen saturation <95% when breathing ambient air or when receiving oxygen support. The primary end points were discharge from the hospital/death and improvement of clinical outcomes, defined as an increase in at least two points on a seven-category modified ordinal scale. Data were collected retrospectively from patients receiving sitagliptin from 1 March through 30 April 2020.

RESULTS

Of the 338 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 admitted in Northern Italy hospitals included in this study, 169 were on sitagliptin, while 169 were on standard of care. Treatment with sitagliptin at the time of hospitalization was associated with reduced mortality (18% vs. 37% of deceased patients; hazard ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.29–0.66]; P = 0.0001), with an improvement in clinical outcomes (60% vs. 38% of improved patients; P = 0.0001) and with a greater number of hospital discharges (120 vs. 89 of discharged patients; P = 0.0008) compared with patients receiving standard of care, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In this multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, sitagliptin treatment at the time of hospitalization was associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes as compared with standard-of-care treatment. The effects of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 should be confirmed in an ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
PERTEMUAN KYAI PENOPPO1 DAN SOSRO KOESOEMO I2: Studi Tentang Gerakan Sosial di Afdeeling Berbek 1832 M
Authors: Siswanto Depy Tri Budi
Published: September 2020

Gerakan sosial lahir akibat terjadinya tindakan represif pemegang suzereinitas kepada rakyat. Regulasi yang mengikat rakyat khususnya dibidang sosial dan ekonomi membuat masyarakat terintegrasi untuk melakukan perlawanan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari pertentangan kelas untuk mendapatkan keadilan. Afdeeling Berbek yang secara de jure merupakan daerah kekuasaan kolonial ini, sempat mendapat badai karena gerakan sosial tersebut. Kyai Penoppo merupakan tokoh yang secara historis dihormati sebagai pemuka agama dan pemimpin dalam perlawanan tindakan subversif kolonial di Afdeeling Berbek. Perlawanan ini terjadi ketika suzereinitas Afdeeling Berbek dipegang oleh Sosro Koesoemo I (Kanjeng Jimat). Kebijakan yang dikeluarkan Sosro Koesoemo I tentu keseluruhannya di pengaruhi oleh kebijakan pusat yaitu Karesidentie Kediri ataupun langsung dari Batavia. Pengaruh Kiai Penoppo di Nganjuk hingga saat ini masih kental terasa, sama halnya dengan Sosro Koesoemo I (Kanjeng Jimat). Tinjauan historis ini mencoba menjelaskan hubungan eksistensi dua tokoh besar tersebut kaitannya dalam gerakan sosial. Kata Kunci : Afdeeling Berbek, eksistensi, Regulasi
KOLABORASI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI, POLITIK, DAN SIPIL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BAHARI UNTUK PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI BALI
Authors: Mudana I Wayan
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini meliputi: 1. Mendeskrepsikan model pemberdayaanmasyarakat pesisir berbasis sosial budaya yang dikembangkan di kawasan pesisir Bali. 2.Mendeskrepsikan bentuk implementasi penguatan modal komunitas yang dikembangkan di kawasan pesisir Bali. 3.Mendeskrepsikan bentuk pengembangan pengawasan keberlanjutan wisata bahari di kawasan pesisir Bali. 4.Mendeskrepsikan model promosi wisata bahari yang dikembangkan di kawasan pesisir Bali. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kulaitatif yang bersifat etnografis kritis , sehunbungan dengan hal itu maka informan penelitian ini menggunakan purposive smowball, pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam, studi pustaka, dan diskusi. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Berpijak dari hal itu telah diahsilkan sebuah model pembeerdayaan masyarakat pesisir berbasis sosial budaya. Adapun bentuk penguatan modal komunitas yang dilakukan melalui proses sosialisasi, pendampingan dan pemberian bantuan modal finansial. Dalam menjaga keberlanjutan waisata bahari masyarakat mengembangkan pengawasan yang melibatkan masyarakat setempat, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan kelembagaan formal. Model promosi wisata bahari yang dikembangkan selama meliputi promosi melalui penyebaran brosur paket wisata bahari, promosi wisata bahari berbasis teknologi informasi, dan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan festival wisata bahari. Pengembangan wisata bahari di kawasan peisisr merupakan ruang hidup yang telah mempu meningkatkan kesejahteraan beberapa anggota masyarakat setempat . Kata Kunci : Kolaborasi, PariwisataBahari,KemiskinanMasyarakatPesisir
BEBERAPA KEISTIMEWAAN CANDI CETHO DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Purwanto Heri
Published: September 2020

Berbagai warisan budaya yang tersebar di wilayah Lereng Barat Gunung Lawu, merupakan hasil budaya masa lalu yang penuh dengan keunikan. Rangkaian artefak dan fitur mampu memberikan kesan yang menakjubkan. Salah satu yang dapat diamati ialah situs Candi Cetho. Tulisan ini akan mengungkap keistimewaan tinggalan arkeologi yang berada di Candi tersebut. Melalui keunikan-keunikan yang ditemukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengumpulan dan analisis data. Pengumpulan data meliputi observasi dan kajian pustaka. Analisis yang digunakan ialah kualitatif yakni menguraikan data yang telah terkumpul dalam bentuk kalimat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang digunakan Candi Cetho mempunyai beberapa keistimewaan yaitu merupakan bangunan berteras dengan 14 undakan, terdapat relief yang menggambarkan tokoh yang berbalik, fitur di teras VII merupakan hasil dari perpaduan beberapa konsep Hindu, dan nampaknya keberlanjutan fungsi situs candi ini masih dapat dijumpai hingga kini. Lebih-lebih mengalami pengembangan.Kata Kunci: Candi Cetho, istimewa, unik
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa Melalui Penerapan Metode Everyone Is A Teacher Here
Authors: Fitriah Putri Imarotul , Yulianto Bambang , Asmarani Ratih
Published: September 2020

Dalam pembelajaran disekolah para guru harus berinovasi dalam hal mengajar dan bisa menjadikan peserta didik lebih terampil ketika berbicara dikelas, dalam hal menyampaikan pendapat, berdiskusi dan presentasi didepan kelas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengwtahui hasil peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi melalui penerapan metode Everyone Is A Teacher Here kelas III di SD Negeri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjeknya yaitu siswa kelas III SD Negeri. Objeknya yaitu keterampilan komunikasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, antara lain: (1) Hasil penelitian aktivitas guru siklus I adalah 80% dengan kategori berhasil, sedangkan siklus II adalah mencapai 94,5% dengan kategori sangat berhasil; (2) Hasil penelitian aktivitas siswa siklus I adalah 86,5% dengan kategori sangat berhasil, sedangkan siklus II adalah mencapai 90% dengan kategori sangat berhasil; (3) hasil pembelajaran peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi  siklus I adalah 50% berada dikriteria tuntas, sedangkan siklus II adalah 83,33% berada dikriteria tuntas karena sudah melebihi nilai ketuntasan klasikal yakni ≥ 80%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode Everyone Is A Teacher Here (ETH) dapat  meningkatkan kualitas keterampilan komunikasi  siswa kelas III di SD Negeri.
PENERAPAN MODEL TALKING STICK PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI KOLOID UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN AKTIVITAS PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Afdianur Riza , Gani Abdul , Sulastri Sulastri
Published: September 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian berjudul penerapan model pembelajaran talking stick pada materi koloid untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1 MAN 3 Banda Aceh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aktivitas, mengetahui ketuntasan hasil belajar dan mendeskripsikan tanggapan peserta didik terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran talking stick pada materi koloid kelas XI MIA 1 MAN 3 Banda Aceh. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1 MAN 3 Banda Aceh yang pemahaman konsepnya masih kurang.Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar observasi aktivitas peserta didik, lembar soal tes peserta didik dan lembar angket tanggapan peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi aktivitas peserta didik, tes hasil belajar dan pengisian angket tanggapan peserta didik. Hasil aktivitas peserta didik pada pertemuan pertama dan kedua diperoleh pada penelitian ini berturut-turut sebagai berikut 91% dan 92,25% dengan kategori sangat baik selama menggunakan penerapan model pembelajaran talking stick. Hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1 MAN 3 Banda Aceh dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran talking stick dapat dikategorikan kurang baik karena nilai yang diperoleh peserta didik belum tuntas yaitu sebesar 77,41% dikarenakan tingginya nilai KKM. Respon peserta didik dikategorikan sangat baik karena diperoleh persentase sebesar 84%.
Urgensi Penyelenggaraan Kursus Pra Nikah Dan Relevansinya Dengan Esensi Perkawinan (Perspektif Maqasid aSy-Syari'ah)
Authors: Zulfahmi Zulfahmi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya program kursus pra nikah yang dicanangkan oleh Direktur Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam (Dirjen Bimas) dengan tujuan menciptakan keluarga sakinah dengan cara memberikan bekal pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam hidup berumah tangga. Program kursus ini menjadi sangat penting dan vital bagi pasangan calon pengantin. Sebab, menjaga keutuhan rumah tangga merupakan esensi yang dengannya pula akan terwujud lahirnya keturunan bermutu serta kemaslahatan rumah tangga itu sendiri. Dalam kaitannya dengan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa kursus pra nikah memiliki urgensi karena mengandung nilai-nilai kebaikan (maṣlahaḥ) dan kursus pra nikah merupakan al-maqāṣid at-tābi’ah (tujuan pengikut) bagi sebuah pernikahan yang memperkuat dan mendukung terwujudnya hifẓ an-nasl sebagai al-maqāṣid al-aṣliyyah (tujuan asal). Di samping itu, kurikulum kursus pra nikah memiliki relevansi dengan aspek pendidikan, aspek agama dan ibadah, aspek ekonomi, aspek sosiologis, aspek psikologis dan aspek biologis, serta penyelenggaraan kursus pra nikah  juga memiliki relevansi dengan ḥifẓ an-nasl dan ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ.Kata Kunci. urgensi, relevansi, esensi, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah