bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the gold nanoparticles prepared by ‎green ‎chemistry in ‎the ‎‏treatment of cutaneous candidiasis
Authors: Ayad Kareem Hassan , Mahmood Samaka Hayder , Mohamed Abdulridha Wasna’a
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Mineral nanoparticle synthesis via green chemistry is ‎considered a novel ‏procedure ‎that ‎has been introduced into some ‏‎‎industries and medical fields. This ‎paper aimed to focus on ‏synthesized gold ‎nanoparticles ‎‎‎‎(‎AuNPs‎) prepared via green chemistry and ‎their usage in the ‏treatment of cutaneous ‎candidiasis.‎‎
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on the green synthesis of AuNPs using olive leaf extract as a reducing ‎agent‎. The ‎UV‎ visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy techniques ‎were used to detect ‏the concentration of the prepared AuNPs‎. ‎The agar gel diffusion method was used to test ‏the ‎antifungal activity of the ‎‎prepared AuNPs in vitro. ‏Antifungal efficacy of the AuNPs in vivo ‎was tested by the ‎induction of‎‎ cutaneous ‎candidiasis in mice‎. ‎This research was conducted on four groups of mice‎. Groups 1 and 2 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the AuNPs suspension ‎and ‏Nystatin ointment in the treatment ‎of clinical infection, respectively. Groups 3 ‎and ‎4 were the infected ‎and the non-infected control groups, respectively.‎
Results: Based on the findings, the AuNP synthesis using olive leaves was ‎a suitable and ‎secure method. Moreover, it was found that the AuNP concentration of 40.77 ng‏\‏ml represented the minimum ‎inhibitory concentration for the ‎inhibition of the Candida albicans. The prepared AuNPs were more effective than Nystatin ‎in the ‏treatment ‎of cutaneous candidiasis.‎‎
Conclusion: Preparation of AuNPs via green chemistry using olive leaves as a reducing ‎agent is a ‏safe ‎and easy procedure that can be performed to produce AuNPs. In this study, the AuNPs ‎displayed antifungal ‏activity ‏both in vitro and in vivo.
Influence of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the autoxidation and in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B
Authors: Habib Belhachemi Mohammed , Boucherit-Otmani Zahia , Boucherit Kebir , Belmir Sara
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Amphotericin B (AmB) is the standard treatment for systemic fungal infections; however, the formation of reactive oxygen species reduces the efficacy and stability of this molecule. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of AmB with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on its autoxidation and antifungal activity.
Materials and Methods: The antifungal activity against Candida albicans was evaluated by the viable cell counting method and checking their morphological changes with a scanning electron microscope. Monomer state of AmB was assessed by scanning the UV absorbance in the range of 300-450 nm and the lipid peroxidation was measured using quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive-substances (TBARS).
Results: Based on the findings, the addition of ascorbic acid (3×102 µg/mL) and α-tocopherol (16 µg/mL) to the reaction medium of AmB increased its antifungal activity while maintaining its molecular stability. Moreover, the level of TBARS formed in the reaction medium of AmB was significantly reduced after combination with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol.
Conclusion: Given their availability, their anti-free radical activity, and their low toxicity, the incorporation of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol into the reaction medium of AmB seems to be a promising approach to obtain an effective antifungal formulation.
Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Adetona Fayemiwo Samuel
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the burden of fungal diseases in the last few decades which has imposed a global threat to the health of humans, animals, and plants. Epidemiology of fungal diseases is not completely understood in Africa. Most of these diseases are under-reported or not reported at all mainly due to the challenges related to the availability of and access to fungal diagnostics and the lack of human resources in clinical and diagnostic mycology across the continent. Therefore, it is imperative to highlight the epidemiology of the endemic and epidemic of emerging and re-emerging fungal diseases as well as their diagnostic challenges in Africa based on the available data. Moreover, it is important to underline the existing gaps in this regard as well.
Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the study, Medline and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve articles on these prominent fungal diseases, as well as their etiologies and available diagnostics.
Results: It was found that histoplasmosis and other AIDS-associated mycoses have been reported in Africa, including blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Other reported infections were fungal neglected tropical diseases, especially sporotrichosis, dermatophytosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis as well as emerging fungal diseases, such as Emergomyces africanus, Candida auris, and Blastomyces emzantsi. In Africa, the major drivers of fungal diseases include human immunodeficiency infection, tuberculosis, and poverty.
Conclusion: Serious fungal diseases are common in Africa; however, the true burden remains unknown.
THE ROLE OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP IN EMPLOYEE VOICE AND SILENCE MOTIVES: DOES SURFACE SIMILARITY MATTERS?
Authors: Babur Saadia , Bibi Zainab , Karim Jahanvash
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: This study compared the effect of paternalistic leadership on employee voice and silence motives based upon gender-based similarity attraction account among employee-leader dyads in Higher Educational Institutions (HEI). The study was conducted in public sector universities of Balochistan, Pakistan.

Methodology: The Study used Partial least squares–structural equation modelling, along with advanced methods for multi-group analysis, to assess and compare the proposed relationships between the gender similar and dissimilar dyads.

Main findings: The results of this study revealed significant differences between groups for the effect of the authoritative dimension of paternalism on pro-social silence, benevolence dimension of paternalism on quiescence silence and quiescence voice, and morality dimension on opportunistic silence.

Application of the study: The current study might help HEI authorities in understanding the effects of paternalistic leadership and diversity management.

Novelty/Originality of the study: This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by comparing the effect of paternalistic leadership on voicing motives of employees based on similarity attraction account between gender similar and dissimilar leader-subordinate dyads.
HR-RELATED ENTREPRENEURSHIP CHALLENGES FACED BY FOOD SECTOR COMPANIES
Authors: Gul Saima , Ali Amna , Edwin Cedric Aimal , Anwar Maqsod , Najeeb Zil-e-Huma
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: This study examines the key Human resource-related entrepreneurship challenges that the food companies face. Methodology: The research approach utilized in this study was exploratory. The sampling size consists of 200 individuals. Four hypotheses were tested based on the four core challenges being faced by HR. Each hypothesis was calculated and weighed separately utilizing regression analysis. Main Findings: The results obtained indicate that human resource management of the food sector companies needs to thoroughly plan the business so that it majorly focuses on its staff management as they are truly dependent on them for their profits and revenues. Thus, being the major drivers of success, management should invest a good amount in their training, knowledge, and learning. Applications of this study: The findings can be helpful for a manager they can focus on the management of their staff for-profit and revenues. Novelty/Originality of this study: The use of theory in this research paper is grounded theory and human resource management theory to present the findings on the human resource ground management forum.
FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA, INFLUENCE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR
Authors: Wahyudi Rahman Muhammad Fajar , Kistyanto Anang , Surjanti Jun
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to provide in-depth analysis to formulate appropriate work regulation policies and stimulate innovative work behavior in order to maintain company performance amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore this encourages the identification of the effect of flexible work arrangements on employee performance through innovative work behavior on banking sector employees in the East Java region, Indonesia. Methodology: This study has used a quantitative research approach. Data analysis has been done by Structural Equation Model (SEM) method by Partial Least Square (PLS) supported by program computer software smart-PLS 3.0, and SPSS 23.0, in order to analyze the respondents’ characteristics, with sample size, which is 70 respondents working in the banking sector in the East Java region, Indonesia. Main Findings: We find that employee perceptions about their flexible work arrangements do not significantly influence employee performance, flexible work arrangements are positively related to innovative work behavior, innovative work behavior is positively related to employee performance and this relationship is mediated by innovative work behavior. Applications of this study: Banking management in the East Java region needs to consider innovation-related work behavior amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which is the use of non-cash payment methods by scanning the retinal eye. This study shows that in the absence of physical contact with the practice of using this machine, it can be a concrete COVID-19 era preventive solution to be applied to the wider community. Novelty/Originality of this study: The relationship between flexible work arrangements and employee's performance has been well researched. However, there has been no study on the impact of flexible work arrangements on employee performance mediated innovative work behavior and how employee innovativeness leads to better employee performance on the pandemic COVID-19 era.
AFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE LABOUR IN INDONESIA’S EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Wibisono Haryo , Purwanto Semiarto
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This article examines affective technology to understand the significance of creative labour in Indonesia multinational oil and gas companies in the city of Balikpapan, East Kalimantan.

Methodology: The data is gathered from desk studies by reviewing policies, monographs, and printed documents, and ethnographic observations to understand the social and cultural context.

Main findings: We identified two types of affective technologies created by creative labours: the visual simulation to create new subjects and visual efforts to forge corporate reputation. They are important in helping in the production of subjects and the value of corporate branding.

Practical Implications: This study shows the need for extractive industries to pay more detail in providing safety instructions for their employees. Creative workers can be the right agents to compose effective messages with their ability to touch the affective side of employees through the works they produce.

Social Implications: The creative workers are increasing in number; however, their nature of work which is mainly based on gigs is somewhat vulnerable in developing countries like Indonesia. Closer cooperation with the big industries will be favorable for them with the hope that in return they will come up with some products to strengthen the companies' social responsibility.

The novelty of study: While previous studies have rarely underlined the interplay between creative work and extractive industries, this article provides insight into affective technology within the context of extractive industries.
A Modified Architecture of Multiplier and Accumulator Using Spurious Power Suppression Technique
Authors: Mohanapriya R. , Rajesh K.
Published: July 2021

High speed and low power Multiplier and Accumulator (MAC) unit is at most requirement of today’s VLSI systems and digital signal processing (DSP) applications like FFT, Finite Impulse response filters, convolution etc. In this modified architecture, Radix-4 Modified Booth Encoding (MBE) is used to produce the partial products. In this multiplication and accumulation has been combined using a hybrid type of Carry Save Adder (CSA). So the performance will be improved. A Carry Look ahead Adder is inserted in the CSA tree to reduce the number of bits in the final adder. In booth multiplication, when two numbers are multiplied some portion of the data may be zero. By neglecting those data, power has been reduced. For this purpose Spurious Power Suppression Technique (SPST) is used to remove useless portion of the data in addition process. In this modified architecture, the overall process is three stages to produce the result. The modified MAC operation is coded with Verilog and simulated using Xilinx 12.1.
3D Stacked Cache Data Management for Energy Minimization of 3D Chip Multiprocessor
Authors: Kumar K. Suresh , Anitha S. , Gayathri M.
Published: July 2021

In this model a runtime cache data mapping is discussed for 3-D stacked L2 caches to minimize the overall energy of 3-D chip multiprocessors (CMPs). The suggested method considers both temperature distribution and memory traffic of 3-D CMPs. Experimental result shows energy reduction achieving up to 22.88% compared to an existing solution which considers only the temperature distribution.  New tendencies envisage 3D Multi-Processor System-On-Chip (MPSoC) design as a promising solution to keep increasing the performance of the next-generation high performance computing (HPC) systems. However, as the power density of HPC systems increases with the arrival of 3D MPSoCs with energy reduction achieving up to 19.55% by supplying electrical power to the computing equipment and constantly removing the generated heat is rapidly becoming the dominant cost in any HPC facility.
IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON JOB SATISFACTION IN ITI, ALLAHBABAD AND HAL, LUCKNOW
Authors: Tiwari Monika
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper seeks explore the impact of Motivation on Job Satisfaction in public sector companies. Primary and secondary data has been used for the research. Motivation is the force that makes us do things; this is a result of our individuals needs being satisfied (or met) so that we have inspiration to complete the task. Job satisfaction is described as pleasurable or positive emotional state as a result of evaluation of the job or job experiences.The study has been carried out at upper, middle and lower level of employees in Indian Telephone Industry, Allahabad and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Lucknow. The findings analysis indicates that respondents of HAL were more satisfied by the motivational factors and hence there was more job satisfaction as compare to the employees of ITI.
COMBINED BUSINESS STRATEGY IN COASTAL AREA AFTER COVID-19 SITUATION: A CASE STUDY IN COX’S BAZAR
Authors: Hasan Zahid , Ibne Hafiz Talha
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to set up a restaurant business in Cox’s Bazar in this Covid-19 scenario with a low budget and providing premium services. People's purchasing power has been decreased due to this situation and they demand to get premium services at cheaper prices.

Methodology: A market analysis has been performed as well as the present situation has been studied. A proper business plan has been setup with the layout of the restaurant.  

Main Findings: It has been found that a better amount of profit can be achieved by satisfying the customer with lower price than the present competitors. It also has been observed that combining more than 2 businesses will help to achieve the profit margin in quick time. Customer satisfaction is also high in this type of strategy.

Applications of this study: New entrepreneurs made enough observations to create their new business model which will help them to make this business profitable. This model is an ideal model for a start-up business with a low budget.

Novelty/Originality of this study: As the real-time study has been studied and the real situations have been considered, this study will be helpful for the new entrepreneur.
APPLICATION OF ZONAL AND CURVATURE FEATURES TO NUMERALS RECOGNITION
Authors: Kumar Prasad Binod
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this work is to present an offline Optical Character Recognition system to recognise handwritten English numerals to help automation of document reading. It helps to avoid tedious and time-consuming manual typing to key in important information in a computer system to preserve it for a longer time.

Methodology: This work applies Curvature Features of English numeral images by encoding them in terms of distance and slope. The finer local details of images have been extracted by using Zonal features. The feature vectors obtained from the combination of these features have been fed to the KNN classifier. The whole work has been executed using the MatLab Image Processing toolbox.

Main Findings: The system produces an average recognition rate of 96.67% with K=1 whereas, with K=3, the rate increased to 97% with corresponding errors of 3.33% and 3% respectively. Out of all the ten numerals, some numerals like ‘3’ and ‘8’ have shown respectively lower recognition rates. It is because of the similarity between their structures.

Applications of this study: The proposed work is related to the recognition of English numerals. The model can be used widely for recognition of any pattern like signature verification, face recognition, character or word recognition in another language under Natural Language Processing, etc.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the work lies in the process of feature extraction. Curves present in the structure of a numeral sample have been encoded based on distance and slope thereby presenting Distance features and Slope features. Vertical Delta Distance Coding (VDDC) and Horizontal Delta Distance Coding (HDDC) encode a curve from vertical and horizontal directions to reveal concavity and convexity from different angles.
TOURIST VILLAGE REJUVENATION AND OVER-TOURISM MANAGEMENT: THE DESA WISATA NGLANGGERAN LIFECYCLE EXPERIENCE, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Wiweka Kadek , H. Demolingo Ramang , Karyatun Subur , Pramania Adnyana Putu , Nurfikriyani Iffatunnisa
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the Study: Over-tourism is an issue that is being experienced by many well-known destinations in the world, both in urban and rural areas. The purpose of this research is to find out how the experience of developing a Tourist village is seen from the tourism lifecycle approach. This study also explores the sensitivity of managers to the phenomenon of over-tourism in their village, to design strategies for product rejuvenation. Methodology: This research adopts a historical qualitative research approach. This method is exercised through two data sources. Primary data was carried out through non-participant observation (for four months) in the Nglanggeran tourist village, Yogyakarta to observe and interview tourist village managers, tourism entrepreneurs, workers, and local communities. Meanwhile, Secondary data used include online media articles, scientific writings, and promotional media. Main Findings: The study found that in the tourism area life cycle model approach, tourist villages' growth can be grouped into 6 phases. The exploration phase and stagnation, marked by the start of the Nglanggeran tourist village and massive growth that had environmental, social, and cultural impacts. The management adopts several strategies, including price management, visitor management, and length of stay management. Implication/Applications: This experience is very important to be learned and known by tourism stakeholders, especially tourist village managers and the government which is developing similar tourism products massively throughout Indonesia. The originality of the study: This research is original, and this is the first study that finds out how the experience of developing a tourist village is seen from the tourism lifecycle approach and explores how managers are sensitive to the phenomenon of overtourism in their village. Thus, this scope is expected to be developed in other tourist villages in Indonesia to get generalizations about the development of tourist villages.
A CASE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT THE INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS’ GROUP
Authors: Voegeli Christoph
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to gain an understanding of how (and if) the InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) manages knowledge to create value.

Methodology: Publicly available data about the IHG were assessed using Pawlowski and Bick’s (2015) Global Knowledge Management Framework (GKMFW) to determine the extent to which the IHG is implementing knowledge management (KM). Four experts reviewed the findings for validation.

Main findings: Knowledge management (KM) practices are used by the IHG at a basic level. Data collected in this study indicate that the IHG is not connecting KM processes in its strategy. This research highlights that the IHG and potentially other hotel companies could integrate KM to enhance their performance.

Applications of this study: The study’s findings are important for hotel industry stakeholders (academics, hotel executives, owners, etc.), assisting them to better understand “hotel KM”. Stakeholders are encouraged to implement holistic and purposeful KM programs (i.e., a framework), potentially delivering more value to their organizations.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first attempt to investigate KM activities in one major standard-setting hotel company (SSHC), as defined by Boardman and Barbato (2008). It highlights the limitations in hotel-specific KM research and the limited way in which KM is being applied in the InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG). It not only identifies a gap in the literature about KM in the hospitality industry but starts to fill this gap.
El tránsito de la crisis de 2007 a una política fiscal común en la UE: Los Eurobonos y el papel del BCE
Authors: Martinez-Maillo Toribio Fernando
Published: July 2021

La crisis de origen financiero iniciada en 2007, el inacabado proceso de construcción de la Unión Económica y Monetaria, así como las deficiencias del Eurosistema puso de manifiesto las debilidades de la Unión Europea. El BCE frente al resto de bancos centrales del mundo, tuvo sus propias limitaciones que condicionaron su respuesta.

El compromiso de los gobiernos para mantener unas finanzas públicas saneadas, con mecanismos de respuesta en caso de incumplimiento, unido a una política monetaria común orientada a la estabilidad de precios residenciada en el BCE, parecían suficientes ante la inexistencia de instituciones comunes presupuestarias. Este modelo quebró en momentos de crisis, apareciendo la necesidad de avanzar en el proceso de construcción de una Unión Fiscal real.

Recibido: 15.03.2021Aceptado: 18.06.2021
La contribución de las reformas protestantes en la aparición de los derechos y libertades
Authors: Rosado-Villaverde Cecilia
Published: July 2021

Nuestras actuales democracias son herederas de muchos de los fundamentos y nociones que se consolidaron durante los Estados liberales. Pero en la formación de estos estados influyeron diferentes aspectos que fueron trascendentales en el nacimiento de la organización política liberal. Uno de ellos fue el hecho o factor religioso. Se puede observar que las religiones extendidas en Europa y en Estados Unidos tuvieron cierta influencia, en mayor o menor medida, en los principios inspiradores que se reconocen en nuestros textos constitucionales. En este trabajo se pretende poner de relieve la relevancia que las Reformas protestantes tuvieron en el nacimiento de la libertad religiosa y de pensamiento, pero también en la propia concepción de las Declaraciones de derechos de finales del siglo XVIII.

Recibido: 15.04.2021Aceptado: 18.06.2021
Víctor Martínez Patón (Compilador), Conversaciones sobre la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. Análisis de 10 años
Authors: Simón Castellano Pere
Published: July 2021

Conversar y dialogar, que no son exactamente lo mismo, son prácticas en claro desuso que generan empero numerosos efectos benéficos. En la era de los monólogos, a los que nos tiene acostumbrado un poder político cada vez en manos de gente menos preparada, escuchar a los que más saben y, también, a aquellos que quizás no saben tanto pero que ocupan o han ocupado posiciones de poder desde las que tomar decisiones que proyectan sus efectos sobre ámbitos regulatorios, parece más necesario que nunca. El diálogo siempre aporta más, ya que, a través de una discusión racional, a vueltas ilustrada, seremos capaces de contrastar o refutar hipótesis, y lo más importante, darnos cuenta de lo equivocados que estábamos, introducir matices en nuestro discurso a futuro o incluso ver reforzados nuestros argumentos.
La respuesta sancionadora al fenómeno de las cundas o los taxis de la droga
Authors: Martín Fernández Carmen
Published: July 2021

El art. 36.17 de la Ley Orgánica 4/2015, de 30 de marzo, de Protección de la Seguridad Ciudadana (en adelante, LOPSC) tipifica como infracción administrativa grave «El traslado de personas, con cualquier tipo de vehículo, con el objeto de faci litar a éstas el acceso a drogas tóxicas, estupefacientes o sustancias psicotrópicas, siempre que no constituya delito». Con este precepto, el legislador persigue el fenó meno de las cundas o los taxis de la droga. Sin embargo, dada la redacción del pre cepto, parece que la conducta descrita también podría subsumirse en el tipo del delito de tráfico de drogas del art. 368 CP, en su vertiente de promoción, favorecimiento o facilitación del consumo ilegal de drogas tóxicas. En este trabajo se explican las diferencias existentes entre ambos ilícitos y se concluye que, si el traslado se realiza por petición del traficante, constituye complicidad del delito de tráfico de drogas, mientras que, si se realiza a petición del consumidor, constituye infracción adminis trativa de la LOPSC.

Recibido: 08.06.2021Aceptado: 18.06.2021
El derecho de huelga en la era digital: el esquirolaje tecnológico
Authors: Sánchez-Girón Martínez Beatriz
Published: July 2021

Es de aceptación generalizada que las nuevas tecnologías y la digitalización están cambiando el marco de las relaciones laborales. El derecho fundamental de huelga, un derecho peculiar en cuanto a su reconocimiento constitucional y su escasa regulación, también se ha visto afectado por estos cambios. Las nuevas herramientas proveen al empresario de una mayor cantidad de instrumentos para controlar la organización empresarial y al propio trabajador. En este contexto garantizar el reconocimiento y ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales se hace imprescindible a la vez que complicado. Prueba de ello es el caso del esquirolaje tecnológico: si bien el esquirolaje tradicional ha sido prohibido en la medida en que atenta contra el fin de la huelga, el esquirolaje tecnológico encuentra justificación por no estar referido a trabajadores, si no a elementos tecnológicos. Atendiendo a casos concretos, los tribunales han dado respuestas a los problemas que origina el esquirolaje tecnológico apoyándose en una ponderación entre el ejercicio de un derecho fundamental y el poder organizativo empresarial. El poder del empresario ha crecido frente a las huelgas, lo que hace que se requiera un esfuerzo legislativo moderno para seguir protegiendo el derecho de huelga.

Recibido: 04.02.2021Aceptado: 18.06.2021
Writing Groups as Dialogic Spaces
Authors: Kaufhold Kathrin , Yencken Daniel Egil
Published: July 2021

Facilitating sustained dialogic engagement in writing groups to support postgraduates’ research-based writing can be challenging. So far there is little research on dialogic strategies in such groups. Studies of tutor-student talk around texts highlight that different dialogic strategies can invite or exclude contributions. This article investigates how writing group participants negotiate different perspectives on academic writing practices in a multidisciplinary writing group. The study analyses six recorded meetings of multilingual master’s students writing in English at a Swedish university. It identifies dialogue patterns with diverging or converging perspectives, where students refer to a range of universal or discipline-specific norms. Reference to a generic yet unspecific norm creates a space for sharing diverging perspectives while reflecting on ones’ own writing. Applying perceived universal norms to others’ texts can close down dialogue. Awareness of dialogue patterns can help facilitators to decide when to step back and when to step in as moderators.
Os silêncios da História
Authors: BORRALHO HENRIQUE
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir os silêncios na historiografia, em várias delas, na literária, sociológica, na filosófica, mas, sobretudo, na história. Silêncio é por vezes uma forma de poder, de poder ocultar o que não deve ser estandartizado, patrimonializado, base de uma memorialística, aquilo que não pode conter o arquivo pátrio, de patrimonialização, pai, o sustentáculo de uma nação. O silêncio sobre certos setores e categorias sociais foi alicerçada por uma hegemonia que ditou a forma como a compreensão artística, econômica, política, cientifica e até da própria razão, de um tipo de lógus racionalizante moldando a cultura, tornando-a irretorquível, estruturante, moduladora da vida, da percepção, da sensibilidade, da existência. Por que então usar o cógito invertido, a palavra, para denunciar os silêncios? Pela mesma razão que se usa uma linguagem para ampliar, subverter, modular a própria linguagem.Palavras-chave: Silêncio. Ocultamento. Linguagem. Inversão da fala.         The silences of History ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the silences in historiography, in several of them, in the literary, sociological, philosophical, but, above all, in history. Silence is sometimes a form of power, of being able to hide what should not be standardized, patrimonialized, the basis of a memorial, what cannot contain the country's archive, patrimonialization, father, the mainstay of a nation. The silence about certain sectors and social categories was based on a hegemony that dictated the way in which the artistic, economic, political, scientific and even reason itself, a kind of rationalizing logus shaping culture, making it irrefutable, structuring, modulator of life, perception, sensitivity, existence. Why then use the inverted cogito, the word, to denounce silences? For the same reason that a language is used to amplify, subvert, modulate the language itself.Keywords: Silence. Concealment. Language. Speech inversion.
Innowacyjność sektora usług w Polsce i na tle krajów UE
Authors: Wyszkowska-Kuna Joanna
Published: July 2021

Celem publikacji jest analiza innowacyjności sektora usług na podstawie analizy danych wskazujących na znaczenia usług high-tech (zaawansowane technologicznie usługi nasycone wiedzą – HTKIS) w gospodarkach krajów Unii Europejskiej. W analizie uwzględniono takie dane jak wartość dodana, zatrudnienie, liczba firm, wielkość zysków i obrotów w sektorze HTKIS, jak również udział wartości dodanej i zatrudnienia w sektorze HTKIS w wartości dodanej i zatrudnieniu ogółem. Analizą objęte są lata 2003–2008/2009, ponieważ dla takiego okresu dostępne są dane dla Polski. W analizie porównywane jest również znaczenie sektora usług high-tech z sektorem przemysłowym high-tech oraz analizowany jest wpływ kryzysu i wpływ zmiany sposobu klasyfikacji działalności gospodarczych na rozwój i znaczenie sektora HTKIS w krajach UE.
Gestational Diabetes and Dietary Management with Split Meal Technique
Authors:   Department of Home Science, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswa Vidyalayam, Tirupati, A.P., Prasanna V. Lakshmi
Published: July 2021

Gestational diabetes and dietary management with split meal technique was studied with 90 sample which were collected through purposive sampling. Among 90 GDM patients were categorized into 2 equal groups I.e, Experimental group and control group. Control group consists of (n=45) and Experimental group also consists of (n=45). Anthropometric measurements, Biochemical assessment, and Diet survey were taken as parameters. Positive results were obtained in Experimental group. Significant decrease observed in weight, BMI, blood sugar and urine sugar in Split meal technique group. The results were decreased (from160.11 to 133.36 mg/dl in fasting blood sugar, 2.25 - 0.35 mg/dl urine sugar, 67.58- 64.11 kg in body weight).
The covid-19 pandemic: Challenges, consequences, counteraction
Authors:   МГИМО МИД России, Москва, Россия, Торкунов Анатолий Васильевич , Рязанцев Сергей Васильевич ,   Институт демографических исследований ФНИСЦ РАН; МГИМО МИД России, Москва, Россия, Левашов Виктор Константинович ,   Институт социально-политических исследований ФНИСЦ РАН, Москва, Россия
Published: July 2021

Монография подготовлена учеными МГИМО МИД России и ФНИСЦ РАН. Включает результаты комплексного исследования социально-политических и демографических последствий пандемии COVID-19 на национальном и мировом уровнях. Предложены пути противодействия пандемии как вызову для развития современного общества. Предназначена политикам, общественным деятелям, ученым, аспирантам, студентам, широкой общественности.
La résistance aux benzimidazoles des nématodes gastro-intestinaux des petits ruminants en Gambie et au Sénégal
Authors: Bâ H. , Geerts S.
Published: July 2021

Cinquante-cinq troupeaux de petits ruminants en Gambie et au Sénégal ont été examinés en utilisant le test d'inhibition de l'éclosion des œufs et/ou le test de réduction des œufs de nématodes dans les fèces afin de détecter une résistance éventuelle aux benzimidazoles. Sur 34 troupeaux villageois exa-minés, quatre cas de suspicion de résistance aux benzimidazoles ont été identifiés. En revanche, chez 21 troupeaux améliorés deux cas de résistance et quatre cas de suspicion de résistance ont été constatés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence pour la première fois des cas de résistance aux benzimidazoles chez les nématodes gastro-intestinaux des petits ruminants auSénégal et en Gambie. Des recherches devraient être faites sur une plus grande échelle afin de mesurer la prévalence de la résistance des nématodes aux anthelminthiques dans la région et de déterminer les espèces de parasites mises en cause.
Transformation des herbivores sauvages africains en viande propre à la consommation pour les communautés locales. Utilisation durable de l'impala (Aepyceros melampus) dans le cadre du programme CAMPFIRE, Zimbabwe
Authors: Feron Eric , Tafira J.K. , Belemsobgo U. , Blomme S. , De Garine-Wichatitsky Michel
Published: July 2021

La faune sauvage africaine a depuis longtemps été considérée comme une source potentielle de protéines animales pour les populations humaines. Mais les projets visant à la fourniture de viande de brousse se sont souvent heurtés à des contraintes majeures, notamment des problèmes liés à l'hygiène de la viande produite et au coût des mesures de santé publique. Le projet Nyama, qui opère dans le cadre du programme CAMPFIRE au Zimbabwe, avait pour but la fourniture régulière aux populations locales de la zone communale d'Omay (district de Nyaminyami, Zimbabwe) de viande d'impala (Aepyceros melampus) dans des conditions d'hygiène satisfaisant la réglementation nationale sur la santé publique. Le présent article décrit les innovations techniques (boucherie mobile et points de distribution de vente), la procédure suivie lors de l'abattage et de la préparation des carcasses et présente un bilan financier de ces activités durant la période de mise au point. En 1996, les moyens de production ont été transférés au Conseil du District qui assure depuis la continuité du projet.
Variation de l'énergie métabolisable du pois d'Angole (Cajanus cajan) cru et cuit chez le poulet et la pintade
Authors: Chrysostome C. , Bing An X. , Bonou M. , Delpech P.
Published: July 2021

Des graines de pois d'Angole (Cajanus cajan) crues et autoclavées ont été étudiées par substitution à 40 % dans un régime à base de maïs. La composition chimique de ces graines et leur concentration en énergie métabolisable apparente ont été obtenues par une technique de gavage semihumide chez le poulet en croissance et la pintade adulte. Les valeurs obtenues pour le maïs et le pois d'Angole cuit étaient identiques pour les deux espèces aviaires (3 220 kcal). L'autoclavage a significativement amélioré l'énergie métabolisable du pois d'Angole mais différemment suivant l'espèce (2 167 kcal pour le poulet, 870 kcal pour la pintade). La pintade gavée a mal digéré la graine crue de sorte que la méthode de mesure de la concentration énergétique ne convient pas pour cette espèce.
Pengaruh Servant Leadership, Empowerment dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Pada Karyawan Royal Hotel n'Lounge Jember
Authors: Manora Retmita Tata Elsa , Titisari Purnamie , Syaharudin Mochammad
Published: July 2021

Organizational citizenship behavior merupakan kontribusi individu yang melebihi tuntutan peran di tempat kerja. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi organizational citizenship behavior yaitu servant leadership, empowerment dan komitmen organisasi. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan di Royal Hotel n’Lounge Jember. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 45 responden menggunakan metode yang digunakan adalah teknik sensus dimana seluruh populasi diambil sebagai sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikan servant leadership sebesar 0.003, variabel empowerment signifikansinya sebesar 0.009 dan variabel komitmen organisasi signifikansinya sebesar 0.018 lebih kesil dari nilai ketetapan signifikansi sebesar 0.05. kesimpulan yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahwa servant leadership, empowerment dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Pemimpin perusahaan disarankan meningkatkan gaya kepemimpinan yang melayani, perusahaan memberikan tanggung jawab dan otonomi kepada karyawan dan karyawan perusahaan diharapkan mempertahankan komitmen terhadap organisasi.
Perilaku Keuangan Individu Muslim Indonesia: Studi Data IFLS5
Authors: Yuana Pusvita
Published: July 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk memahami perilaku keuangan individu Muslim Indonesia secara empiris menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. IFLS5 memberikan informasi secara luas mengenai indikator perilaku keuangan dan sosiodemografi seseorang seperti tingkat pendidikan, usia, gender, dan lokasi tempat tinggal. Data perilaku keuangan tersebut berdasarkan data individu berupa jumlah dana simpanan, jumlah pendapatan, dan keputusan mengambil pinjaman. Variabel yang didapatkan dari data IFLS5 tersebut kemudian diuji menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil dari pengujian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dana simpanan dipengaruhi oleh jumlah pendapatan, keputusan mengambil pinjaman, tingkat religiusitas, tingkat pendidikan, dan usia. Melalui hasil studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai faktor penentu perilaku keuangan Muslim Indonesia berdasarkan keputusan untuk menyimpan dana. Pengaruh positif dari tingkat religiusitas pada perilaku keuangan diharapkan dapat memberi sinyal positif pada bank syariah dan menggunakannya sebagai dasar dalam mengembangkan produknya sesuai sistem syariah.
Laporan Kasus: Manifestasi Oral Penderita Hipertensi berupa Ginggival Enlargement
Authors: L. Anindita , K. Aris Aji , J. Arcadia Sulistijo
Published: July 2021

Hypertension presents an increase in blood pressure following the oral manifestations, such as gingival enlargement. A 42-year-old woman came to the General Sudirman University Dental and Oral Hospital complaining of enlarged front gums seven years ago. The patient had a history of hypertension and regularly consumed drugs, amlodipine 5 mg. Extraoral examination revealed no lymphadenopathy and no swelling of the head and neck area. Intraoral examination revealed a gingival enlargement involving the papilla to the gingival margin present on the entire upper and lower labial gingival surface. The patient's diagnosis was gingival enlargement caused by gingival enlargement due to the use of amlodipine. Gingival enlargement has been noted with long-term or high-dose amlodipine use. The mechanism of amlodipine in causing gingival enlargement is through the role of fibroblasts with abnormal susceptibility to the drug, resulting in increased levels of protein synthesis, especially collagen. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs through an increase in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the inflamed gingival tissue due to the gingival fibrogenic response to drugs. Therapies were DHE and scaling and root planning as phase I in periodontal treatment. Plaque elimination is vital to reduce gingival inflammation that may occur. Substitution of the drug amlodipine may be needed if there is no improvement. Based on case reports, hypertension patients who took amlodipine could have gingival enlargement. The therapy given was plaque elimination in the form of DHE and Scaling and regular check-ups with the dentist.
Laporan Kasus: Petekie pada Rongga Mulut Akibat Faktor Iatrogenik pada Pasien Anak
Authors: Hirawan Helmi , Djati Fanni Kusuma , Mulitasari Eliska Reza
Published: July 2021

Petechiae are round red lesions with a diameter of less than 2 mm located in the subcutaneous tissue or submucosa. Locations that often occur are the buccal mucosa, cheeks, lips, lateral tongue, base of the tongue, palate, oropharynx. The etiologic factors of petechiae consist of two types, local factors and systemic factors. Local factors that cause petechiae such as trauma, injury, fellatio, iatrogenic trauma. Systemic factors that cause petechiae such as platelet abnormalities, blood clotting factor disorders, blood vessel damage. An 8-year-old woman with her parents came to RSGMP Unsoed with complaints of red spots on the floor of the mouth, the patient was not aware of the redness under the tongue before treatment on the right lower tooth, did not feel pain and did not feel disturbed by this condition, The patient stated that this had never happened before. The patient is undergoing dental pulpotomy. Petechiae caused by trauma can heal by eliminating the etiologic factor.
ONE ISSUE IN REFERENCE TO THE TESTS OF AXLE-BOX BEARINGS FOR HIGH-SPEED ROLLING STOCK
Authors:   Federal Budgetary Organization “Register of Certification on the Federal Railway Transport” (FBO “RC FRT”), Grek Viktor I. , Safonov Vladimir I. ,   Federal Budgetary Organization “Register of Certification on the Federal Railway Transport” (FBO “RC FRT”)
Published: July 2021

The release of rolling stock and its components for free circulation on the territory of the Customs Union shall be allowed only upon conformity confirmation with the requirements of Technical Regu lations ТР ТС 001/2011 and ТР ТС 002/2011. For conformity assessment of such critical safety related rolling stock component as axle-box bearings the supporting standard GOST 32769–2014 (or GOST 18572–2014) is used. For traditional and high-speed rolling stock the standard foresees changing of the single run duration in the course of full-scale bench tests of axle-box bearings for determination of certification parameter. The example of the test runs of a high-speed train showed that during the time of such single run (in accordance with the standard) the axle-box bearings fail to reach the maxi- mum values of the certification parameters, which can result in unreliable conformity assessment of the axle-box bearings with the safety requirements. With the purpose to increase the reliability of the assessment of the maximum temperature of the axle-box bearings for traditional and high-speed rolling stock and also to bring the conditions of the bench tests of axle-box bearings to the full-scale operating conditions as possible, we propose to consider in the supporting standard the possibility of upholding the duration of single runs while conducting bench tests unchanged, independent of the design speed of the rolling stock
Stages of formation and development of Scottish lexicography
Authors:   Ivanovo state university, Grigorieva Ekaterina M. , Kalacheva Galina E. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: July 2021

It is well known that lexicography, this fertile ground for scientific research, owes a lot to English researchers. This is confirmed by a historical reference pointing to a specific time period (sixteenth century) when the first reference books started to appear in England, which was ahead of the rest of Europe in this aspect. In spite of this, English lexicography has become pivotal in this matter, it is clear that it has not developed the science of lexicography autonomously. For instance, Scottish lexicographers have introduced authentic and separate dictionary directions, such as glossaries of difficult and obscure Scottish words. The collective monograph Scottish in Definition. A History of Scottish Dictionaries. published in Edinburgh in 2012 and edited by I. McLeod and J. Derrick McClure was an inspiration to correct the situation. The preconditions for the emergence and continued existence of variant national lexicographies have been considered by science for many centuries. During the course of this continuous work a great number of patterns and tendencies have been described accompanying the birth of the lexicography of a particular state, and there is no doubt that all these cases were made possible only by the release of a comprehensive explanatory dictionary, responsible for the description of one particular language. Scottish lexicography plays a prominent role in recent research, as the issue of national identity is particularly relevant at present. The objective of this paper is to address the problems of authenticity of Scottish lexicography within the language system using methods of classifying the evolution stages of Scottish lexicography along with lexicographic analysis of modern Scottish dictionaries. The undertaken research shows that Scottish lexicography is a real phenomenon in British lexicography.