bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fernando Ortiz e a rede transatlântica de intercâmbios
Authors: Beired José Luis Bendicho
Published: December 2019

O cubano Fernando Ortiz desenvolveu um conjunto de iniciativas que o consagrou como um personagem de proa da vida intelectual latino-americana. Abriu novas perspectivas para o estudo do negro e das relações interétnicas ao propor temáticas e interpretações inéditas, a exemplo do conceito de “transculturação”. Neste texto analisamos como a perspectiva transcultural marca tanto a sua obra quanto a sua ação como intelectual público. Para tanto nos deteremos sobre suas pesquisas a respeito do negro e da transculturação, assim como sobre sua atuação para combater o racismo e promover a solidariedade política e o intercâmbio intelectual no espaço atlântico.
Música de concerto no Brasil: o modernismo musical e suas circulações transatlânticas
Authors: Egg André
Published: December 2019

O texto analisa o modernismo musical brasileiro nas décadas de 1920 a 1940, focando na circulação de músicos, obras musicais e ideias estéticas entre o Brasil e outros países como França, Estados Unidos, Argentina e Uruguai. Pretende-se demonstrar a importância da circulação internacional para a consolidação da carreira dos músicos modernistas e para a criação de uma definição de música brasileira que se tornaria referência na cultura nacional.
Sarah Maldoror: uma cineasta na diáspora
Authors: Silva Alexsandro de Sousa e
Published: December 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma síntese biográfica e filmográfica sobre a cineasta Sarah Maldoror (1939-). A cineasta construiu a base de sua carreira na França, onde seguiu dirigindo filmes, trabalhando na televisão e atuando no espaço público em favor da imigração, da comunidade negra e das mulheres. Uma característica marcante em suas obras fílmicas é o diálogo com a literatura, entre contos, romances e poesia, e as artes em geral.
Morphology and distribution of the South American snake Chironius leucometapus (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Torres-Carvajal Omar , Koch Claudia , Valencia Jorge H. , Venegas Pablo J. , Echevarría Lourdes Y.
Published: December 2019

Morphology and distribution of the South American snake Chironius leucometapus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Chironius leucometapus was described more than 25 years ago as subspecies of C. fuscus from restricted area in the Department of Junín in central Peru, with no additional specimens reported since. Examination of 17 new specimens reveals that C. leucometapus is widespread along the Amazonian slopes of the Andes between central Peru and northern Ecuador. New morphological data including scalation, hemipenes, color in life, and the frst description of the skull of Chironius to be based on high-quality CT-scan images are presented. The number of species of Chironius from Ecuador is elevated to eight.
Motivation of elderly with Parkinson's disease submitted to functional training, aerobic exercise and exergame
Authors: Gomes Sara Roza , Trippo Karen Valadares , Guimarães Daniela Oliveira , Oliveira Filho Jamary , Dominguez-Ferraz Daniel
Published: December 2019

It is recommended that patients with Parkinsons disease (PD) perform physical exercise throughout their lives. Exercise should slow disease progression and motivate the patient. Objective: Verify and compare the motivation of elderly with PD submitted to functional training, stationary bicycle exercise and exergame. Method: A randomized clinical trial was developed at a referral center. Group 1 (G1) performed functional training, group 2 (G2) trained with stationary bicycle and group 3 (G3) played on Xbox 360 with Kinect sensor. At the end of training, an interview was conducted by a single non-blind investigator to evaluate patient motivation about therapeutic exercise programs they were submitted to. For each question there were four answers options: I was not motivated, I was not very motivated, I was motivated and I was very motivated. The variables were summarized in median and interquartile range and in absolute and relative frequencies. The Pearson Chi-square test was used for statistical inference. The level of significance was 5% (p <0.05). Fifty-three older people with PD have participated. Results: Many participants have reported that exercise (G1: 72%, G2: 53%, G3: 44%) and the physiotherapist (G1: 83%, G2: 76%, G3: 94%) were very motivating. Only two participants of G2 rated exercise as not very motivating. However, no significant difference was found between the three groups. Conclusion: Older individuals with PD considered functional training, bicycle exercise and exergame as motivating modalities of physical exercise.
Adaptação transcultural da Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales - Revised (TAPES-R)
Authors: Matos Denise Regina , Naves Juliana Fákir , Araujo Tereza Cristina Cavalcanti Ferreira de
Published: December 2019

A literatura aponta ausência de instrumentos específicos para avaliação clínica e pesquisa direcionada a pessoas com amputação, sendo a escala TAPES-R relevante para análise dos aspectos psicossociais nessa população. Esta escala foi desenvolvida para avaliar os processos envolvidos na adaptação à amputação de membros inferiores e à prótese. Este instrumento abrange 33 itens organizados em três domínios - ajustamento psicossocial, restrição de atividade e satisfação com prótese, além de questões relacionadas com a dor do membro fantasma e do membro residual. Objetivo: Realizar adaptação transcultural da escala TAPES-R para aplicação na população brasileira. Método: A adaptação transcultural foi realizada em cinco etapas: tradução, tradução reversa, síntese das avaliações, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e teste final na população. Foi realizada a comparação entre as versões original e traduzida em relação às equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão final foi aplicada em 116 sujeitos amputados de membros inferiores. Resultados: Houve clareza quanto à compreensão do instrumento pelos participantes, indicando que o mesmo esteja apropriado à realidade do público-alvo na população brasileira. Amputação acima de joelho e tempo de uso da prótese abaixo de 10 horas/dia estão associados a pior ajustamento e menor satisfação com a prótese. Conclusão: O uso da escala TAPES-R permitiu avaliar a percepção dos indivíduos acerca da experiência com a amputação e prótese, possibilitando o uso clínico para avaliação de resultados voltados para a reabilitação de pacientes com amputação de membro inferiores. Serão desenvolvidos novos estudos para a continuidade de validação do instrumento.
Uso da terapia por ondas de choque para o tratamento do linfedema associado ao câncer de mama
Authors: Bagatini Otávio Augusto , Bertin Camila , Hong Fernando , Guarita Maria Lucia Costacurta , Shinzato Gilson Tanaka , Imamura Marta , Brito Christina May Moran de , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: December 2019

O linfedema associado ao câncer de mama é causa de prejuízo significativo da qualidade de vida deste grupo de pacientes e constitui complicação frequente das intervenções necessárias nesse tipo de câncer. Sabe-se que o tratamento utilizado no linfedema associado ao câncer de mama envolve a Terapia Física Complexa (TFC), cuja eficácia é limitada e não atua diretamente na patogênese dessa comorbidade. Conforme já demonstrado em alguns estudos, o uso da Terapia por Ondas de Choque (TOC) demonstra-se potencialmente benéfico para reduzir o linfedema pela indução de neoangiogênese e linfangiogênese. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da TOC no tratamento do linfedema associado ao câncer de mama comparado ao uso da TFC. Métodos: Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed/MedLine; BIREME; LILACS; The Cochrane Library e EMBASE, e através de busca manual de artigos. Adotou-se o método de pesquisa PICO e os descritores MeSH ajustados conforme a respectiva base de dados. Resultados: Foram encontrados um total de 262 artigos e selecionados por leitura do título ou resumo um total de 17 estudos. Seis foram excluídos por serem duplicatas, totalizando 11 artigos eleitos para verificação dos critérios de inclusão. Destes, nenhum artigo atendeu ao delineamento da metodologia proposta para esta revisão. Três deles se destacaram por se aproximarem mais da temática proposta e foram discutidos. Conclusão: É necessária a realização de estudos com qualidade metodológica adequada para avaliar o potencial benefício do uso da TOC, visando contribuir para a composição de um tratamento mais eficaz, seguro e que atue na patogênese da doença.
Methods of assessing body composition in people with limb amputation
Authors: Silvestre Orcizo Francisco , Buratti Jessica Reis , Mattosinho Rafael Ribeiro , Borges Mariane , Gorla José Irineu
Published: December 2019

Objective: Identify which methods of have been used to assess the body composition individuals with limb amputation from the literature review. Method: In order to reach the defined objective, the Pubmed and Scielo databases were used, through the descriptors (in combination with amputation) body composition, fat mass and lean mass from 1986 to 2019. Results: Found articles went through the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 17 articles were selected, all of them using anthropometric measures (body mass and stature), followed by bone densitometry (DXA) and thickness of skinfolds. It can also be observed that most of the studies are focused on the health aspect which focused on nutrition and risk factors. Conclusion: Through this review we observed that the anthropometric methods were mostly used to evaluate body composition in individuals with limb amputation followed by bone densitometry. However, the studies were scarce and many procedures were not so clear to make a more careful analysis unfeasible. In addition, there is a lack of longitudinal studies and especially in the area of sports performance in this population, indicating an important gap to be explored.
Análise da assimetria de força de preensão manual entre os sexos
Authors: Fernandes Lidiane Aparecida , Bruno Mateus Gonçalves , Lage Guilherme Menezes , Matos Cíntia De Oliveira , Walker Paula Carolina Leite , Souza Tércio Apolinário
Published: December 2019

É da natureza dos seres humanos apresentarem preferências na realização de tarefas do dia-a-dia. Esta preferência está associada à lateralidade. Um dos campos de estudo sobre a lateralidade é a assimetria lateral, que está presente tanto na dimensão da preferência quanto no desempenho. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a assimetria de força de preensão manual entre os sexos, e identificar se há associação entre assimetria de desempenho e assimetria de preferência. Método: A amostra foi composta por 50 estudantes universitários que realizaram teste de força de preensão manual máxima. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que o os homens apresentaram valores absolutos maiores, maior índice de assimetria e menor consistência quando comparados às mulheres. Além disso, a mão preferida apresentou valores maiores de força em ambos os sexos.  Conclusão:  Em linhas gerais, sugere-se que fatores genéticos, sociais, culturais e sexo influenciam o comportamento motor dos indivíduos e, consequentemente, as assimetrias de desempenho.
Orientações sobre transferências na redução da intensidade da dor lombar crônica de cuidadores familiares em um ambulatório de cuidados paliativos:
Authors: Gomes Andressa Da Silva , Rocha Juraci Aparecida , Santos Guilherme Rodrigues dos , Tavares Ricardo Carvalho
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de uma estratégia de orientações verbal e escrita sobre transferências na redução da dor lombar em cuidador familiar de pacientes em cuidados paliativos; o impacto no desempenho das tarefas diárias do cuidador antes e após a intervenção e se a adesão às orientações resultou em melhora clínica significativa da dor e do desempenho nas atividades. Método: Trata-se de ensaio clínico piloto, realizado no ambulatório de cuidados paliativos do HCFMUSP. Foram avaliados 4 cuidadores familiares divididos em dois grupos. O grupo intervenção recebeu orientação verbal e escrita e o grupo controle apenas orientação verbal. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de medida de proporção e análise de significância estatística pelo teste exato de Fisher. A correlação entre as variáveis será realizada através de regressão logística. Resultados: Houve dificuldade no recrutamento com influência direta no tamanho reduzido da amostra. Os resultados preliminares sobre a eficácia da intervenção para redução de dor e aumento de desempenho em cuidadores familiares não demonstraram significância estatística. A análise descritiva de aderência às recomendações aponta para uma tendência promissora quanto à viabilidade da intervenção educativa. Conclusão: A relevância deste ensaio piloto deve-se a avaliação preliminar do tempo necessário para se recrutar um número adequado de participantes e a tendência de boa aderência à intervenção. A dificuldade de recrutamento de pacientes em final de vida é previsível devido ao tempo reduzido de sobrevida e a complexidade do cuidado. A eficácia da intervenção somente poderá ser demonstrada com o ajuste do tamanho da amostra.
Epidemiological and functional profile of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Manaus, Amazonas
Authors: Sousa Luciana Moreira de , Oliveira Edinangela Silva de , Sousa Nisi Alessandra de Carvalho , Arêas Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco , Arêas Fernando Zanela da Silva
Published: December 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, inflammatory disease characterized by repeated episodes of demyelization. Objective: The present study aimed to trace the epidemiological and functional profile of patients with Multiple Sclerosis treated at a Reference Hospital in Manaus-AM. Method: 80 charts were selected for screening and subsequent application of the Functional Independence Measure (MIF) scale. Results: 32 patients were included in the study, 23 females (74%), whose mean age was 35 (± 12) years, with a relationship between females and males of 2.5. The mean diagnostic time for men was 7.8 years and for women of 5.3 years. The mean score on the Total MIF scale was 110.9 (± 17.5). Conclusion: Epidemiological characteristics are in line with most similar studies, but lack further studies aimed at assessing the functionality of individuals with MS.
Literatura e diáspora: o caso dominicano nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Souza Lívia Santos de
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo reflete sobre as relações entre literatura e diáspora, assumindo como eixo a produção artística da comunidade dominicana nos Estados Unidos. Inicialmente, é debatido o conceito de diáspora em suas diferentes acepções, e sua relação com a literatura. Em seguida, são debatidas as questões relativas à literatura dominicana elaborada nos Estados Unidos, com destaque para os principais autores e obras publicadas especialmente ao longo das últimas décadas. Conclui-se que embora ainda bastante pouco explorada academicamente, a literatura de migração dominicana apresenta uma significativa riqueza formal e estética.
A produção para piano solo da Société Musicale Indépendante-SMI
Authors: Benedetti Danieli Verônica Longo
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo – segmento de pesquisa de Pós-doutorado – pretende, por meio do estudo dos programas de concertos e da produção da crítica especializada da época investigada, realizar uma análise e uma reflexão sobre a produção pianística apresentada nas temporadas da Société Musicale Indépendante – SMI. O trabalho está fundamentado em material coletado nos acervos privados da Bibliothèque nationale de France – BnF e do Arquivo do compositor Charles Koechlin - ACK.
Association of Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report From the FANTASIIA Registry
Authors: Bertomeu‐Gonzalez Vicente , Moreno‐Arribas José , Esteve‐Pastor María Asunción , Roldán‐Rabadán Inmaculada , Muñiz Javier , Raña‐Míguez Paula , Ruiz‐Ortiz Martín , Cequier Ángel , Bertomeu‐Martínez Vicente , Badimón Lina , Anguita Manuel , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Marín Francisco ,   FANTASIIA Study Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background

Obesity and atrial fibrillation (
AF
) frequently coexist and independently increase mortality. We sought to assess the association between obesity and adverse events in patients receiving oral anticoagulants for
AF
.

Methods and Results

Consecutive
AF
outpatients receiving anticoagulant agents (both vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants) were recruited into the
FANTASIIA
(Atrial fibrillation: influence of the level and type of anticoagulation on the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) registry. This observational, multicenter, and prospective registry of
AF
patients analyzes the quality of anticoagulation, incidence of events, and differences between oral anticoagulant therapies. We analyzed baseline patient characteristics according to body mass index, normal: <25 kg/m
2
, overweight: 25–30 kg/m
2
, and obese: ≥30 kg/m
2
), assessing all‐cause mortality, stroke, major bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and total mortality) at 3 years’ follow‐up. In this secondary prespecified substudy, the association of weight on prognosis was evaluated. We recruited 1956 patients (56% men, mean age 73.8±9.4 years): 358 (18.3%) had normal body mass index, 871 (44.5%) were overweight, and 727 (37.2%) were obese. Obese patients were younger (
P
<0.01) and had more comorbidities. Mean time in the therapeutic range was similar across body mass index categories (
P
=0.42). After a median follow‐up of 1070 days, 255 patients died (13%), 45 had a stroke (2.3%), 146 a major bleeding episode (7.5%) and 168 a major adverse cardiovascular event (8.6%). Event rates were similar between groups for total mortality (
P
=0.29), stroke (
P
=0.90), major bleeding (
P
=0.31), and major adverse cardiovascular events (
P
=0.24). On multivariate Cox analysis, body mass index was not independently associated with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke, major bleeding, or major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

In this prospective cohort of patients anticoagulated for
AF
, obesity was highly prevalent and was associated with more comorbidities, but not with poor prognosis.
Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tully Phillip J. , Yano Yuichiro , Launer Lenore J. , Kario Kazuomi , Nagai Michiaki , Mooijaart Simon P. , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Lattanzi Simona , Vincent Andrew D. , Tzourio Christophe , Anstey Kaarin J. , Beckett Nigel , Beiser Alexa S. , Birns Jonathan , Brickman Adam M. , Burns Nicholas R. , Cengiz Mahir , Cosh Suzanne , de Heus Rianne A. A. , de Leeuw Peter W. , Dorstyn Diana , Elias Merrill F. , Jukema J. Wouter , Kikuya Masahiro , Kroon Abraham A. , Mahajan Rajiv , McGrath Emer R. , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ohara Tomoyuki , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Oishi Emi , Peters Ruth , Richard Edo , Satoh Michihiro , Selvayanagam Joseph , Seshadri Sudha , Stott David J. , Trompet Stella , van Gool Willem A. , van Middelaar Tessa , Turnbull Deborah A.
Published: December 2019

Background

Research links blood pressure variability (
BPV
) with stroke; however, the association with cerebral small‐vessel disease (
CSVD
) remains unclear. As
BPV
and mean blood pressure are interrelated, it remains uncertain whether
BPV
adds additional information to understanding cerebrovascular morphological characteristics.

Methods and Results

A systematic review was performed from inception until March 3, 2019. Eligibility criteria included population, adults without stroke (<4 weeks); exposure,
BPV
quantified by any metric over any duration; comparison, (1) low versus high or mean
BPV
and (2) people with versus without
CSVD
; and outcomes, (1)
CSVD
as subcortical infarct, lacunae, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, or enlarged perivascular spaces; and (2) standardized mean difference in
BPV
. A total of 27 articles were meta‐analyzed, comprising 12 309 unique brain scans. A total of 31 odds ratios (
OR
s) were pooled, indicating that higher systolic
BPV
was associated with higher odds for
CSVD
(
OR,
1.27; 95%
CI,
1.14–1.42; I
2
=85%) independent of mean systolic pressure. Likewise, higher diastolic
BPV
was associated with higher odds for
CSVD
(
OR,
1.30; 95%
CI,
1.14–1.48; I
2
=53%) independent of mean diastolic pressure. There was no evidence of a pairwise interaction between systolic/diastolic and
BPV
/mean
OR
s (
P
=0.47), nor a difference between
BPV
versus mean pressure
OR
s (
P
=0.58). Fifty‐four standardized mean differences were pooled and provided similar results for pairwise interaction (
P
=0.38) and difference between standardized mean differences (
P
=0.70).

Conclusions

On the basis of the available studies,
BPV
was associated with
CSVD
independent of mean blood pressure. However, more high‐quality longitudinal data are required to elucidate whether
BPV
contributes unique variance to
CSVD
morphological characteristics.
Vaccine Against PCSK9 Improved Renal Fibrosis by Regulating Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation
Authors: Wu Danyu , Zhou Yanzhao , Pan Yajie , Li Chang , Wang Yingxuan , Chen Fen , Chen Xiao , Yang Shijun , Zhou Zihua , Liao Yuhua , Qiu Zhihua
Published: December 2019

Background

Defects in the renal fatty acid β‐oxidation pathway have been implicated in the development of renal fibrosis. Our group has developed a therapeutic vaccine targeting
PCSK
9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), named
PCSK
9Qβ‐003. In this study, we investigated the potential effectiveness of the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine on hypercholesterolemia with renal fibrosis.

Methods and Results

The low‐density lipoprotein receptor
+/−
male mice fed with a high‐cholesterol (1%) Western diet were randomly assigned into 4 groups: the sham group (or the control group), the phosphate‐buffered saline group, the Qβ virus‐like particles group and the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine group. Mice of the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 group were injected with the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine (100 μg/time) every 2 or 4 weeks. The mice were administered with either unilateral ureteral obstruction for 2 weeks or N‐nitro‐
l
‐arginine methyl ester (50 mg/kg per day) for 6 weeks to establish a renal fibrosis model. Compared with the other 3 groups, the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine obviously decreased total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in low‐density lipoprotein receptor
+/−
mice with hypercholesterolemia. Compared with the phosphate‐buffered saline and Qβ virus‐like particles groups, the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine improved hepatic steatosis and renal function. Histology analysis showed that the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine significantly ameliorated renal lipid accumulation and renal fibrosis. Moreover, the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine obviously upregulated the expression of low‐density lipoprotein receptor, very‐low‐density lipoprotein receptor, sterol‐regulatory element binding protein 2, and fatty acid β‐oxidation–related factors, and ameliorated renal fibrosis‐related molecules both in the unilateral ureteral obstruction and N‐nitro‐
l
‐arginine methyl ester models.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine improved renal lipid accumulation and renal fibrosis by regulating fatty acid β‐oxidation, which may provide a promising method for treating hypercholesterolemia with renal fibrosis.
The Paul of Acts
Authors: Jipp Joshua W.
Published: December 2019

The question of the relationship between “Judaism” and “Christianity” in the Acts of the Apostles has been marked by two contradictory interpretive traditions. One tradition emphasizes conflict and rupture, whereas the other sees continuity and a positive treatment of Judaism. These interpretive traditions both find significant textual support from Acts. There is an internal tension within Luke’s characterization of Paul that does not fit neatly into easy dichotomies and is representative of Luke’s broader two-volume work. The present author argues that the significance of God’s history within Israel centers upon Paul’s central conviction that Israel’s Davidic Messiah, resurrected and enthroned at God’s right hand, is the singular dispenser of salvation for Israel and the pagan nations. This messianic conviction results in a re-evaluation (not rejection) of Israel’s primary identity markers that will only be embraced if one grants Paul’s claim that the hope of Israel is identified with Jesus the resurrected Messiah.
Emotions, Pre-emotions, and Jesus’ Comportment in Luke 22:39–42
Authors: Pope Michael
Published: December 2019

Since Neyrey’s important study on Jesus’ emotional state in Luke’s garden scene, many scholars have subsequently viewed the redactions as stemming, in part, from concern over negative Stoic passions (πάθη). The present author follows a similar trajectory but goes on to show that Luke’s removal of Jesus’ affective episode comports with a popularized misunderstanding of Stoic pathology but not with well-established and current Stoic teachings on pre-emotions (προπάθειαι). The author further demonstrates how Stoic sources allow for and even require early onset emotive reactions that do not threaten a sage’s moral integrity and how Luke, unlike Matthew, over-corrects his source material in an unnecessary way.
In the Bosom of Abraham
Authors: Yoder Keith L.
Published: December 2019

This study examines the name and role of the poor man in the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus in Luke 16:19–31. An intertextual reading through the lens of Septuagint Genesis and Job reveals the character of Lazarus to be a seamless weave of suffering Job and Eliezer the Servant of Abraham. The testings, death and burial, thigh oath, and long journeys in Genesis 22–24, involving the closely bound Abraham and Eliezer, with supplementation from sore-covered Job who experienced sequential reversals between rich to poor, converge as the base literary template for Luke’s Abraham and Lazarus.
The Radical Nation-State and Contemporary Extremism
Authors: Nagata Masaki
Published: December 2019

In recent years Muslim extremist groups have sought to establish a contemporary Islamic caliphate. Such groups have not historically sought to establish such a territory; this form of sovereignty did not exist in the Prophet’s time, and is quite unlike the traditional Islamic model or that practiced by the Prophet in Medina. Moreover, this ideal state incorporates elements of the modern, sovereign nation-state. It is ironic that, although such groups criticize Western systems and laws, their concept of ‘the state’ derives from the very European ideology that they so violently oppose. This paper examines how notions of modern statehood have influenced the ideologies of state and law espoused by contemporary extremist groups.
Weapons Used Aboard Ming Chinese Ships and Some Thoughts on the Armament of Zheng He’s Fleet
Authors: Papelitzky Elke
Published: December 2019

Zheng He’s fleet fought several battles during his seven voyages to the Indian Ocean. The ships thus had to be equipped with powerful weapons. Unfortunately, the sources directly related to Zheng He’s voyages do not mention in detail the armament of Zheng He’s ships. More general information on the armament of Ming ships is, however, abundant. By examining military writings such as Qi Jiguang’s Jixiao xinshu and Mao Yuanyi’s Wubeizhi, as well as archaeological data in the form of weapons excavated from shipwrecks, this article aims to trace the development of the equipment on ships during the Ming dynasty. The article shows that ships carried a patchwork of gunpowder and non-gunpowder weapons composed of old technology alongside new technology. The use of non-gunpowder weapons also developed during the mid-Ming, with weapons specialized for naval warfare appearing and javelins replacing bows as the primary non-gunpowder weapons for long-range attacks. The article also reviews the few sources available about the weapons used on Zheng He’s fleet.
Designing for the Extremes: Modeling Drivers’ Response Time to Take Back Control From Automation Using Bayesian Quantile Regression
Authors: DinparastDjadid Azadeh , Lee John D. , Domeyer Joshua , Schwarz Chris , Brown Timothy L. , Gunaratne Pujitha
Published: December 2019

Objective

Understanding the factors that affect drivers’ response time in takeover from automation can help guide the design of vehicle systems to aid drivers. Higher quantiles of the response time distribution might indicate a higher risk of an unsuccessful takeover. Therefore, assessments of these systems should consider upper quantiles rather than focusing on the central tendency.

Background

Drivers’ responses to takeover requests can be assessed using the time it takes the driver to take over control. However, all the takeover timing studies that we could find focused on the mean response time.

Method

A study using an advanced driving simulator evaluated the effect of takeover request timing, event type at the onset of a takeover, and visual demand on drivers’ response time. A mixed effects model was fit to the data using Bayesian quantile regression.

Results

Takeover request timing, event type that precipitated the takeover, and the visual demand all affect driver response time. These factors affected the 85th percentile differently than the median. This was most evident in the revealed stopped vehicle event and conditions with a longer time budget and scenes with lower visual demand.

Conclusion

Because the factors affect the quantiles of the distribution differently, a focus on the mean response can misrepresent actual system performance. The 85th percentile is an important performance metric because it reveals factors that contribute to delayed responses and potentially dangerous outcomes, and it also indicates how well the system accommodates differences between drivers.
The effect of particle size on microstructure, relative density and indentation load of Mg-B4C composites fabricated at different loading rates
Authors: Rahmani K , Majzoobi GH
Published: December 2019

The effect of reinforcing particle size on microstructure, relative density and indentation of Mg reinforced by 0, 1.5, 3, 5 and 10% volume fractions of nano- and micro-sized B4C was investigated. The composites were fabricated through powder compaction technique at strain rates of 1.6 × 103 s−1, 8 × 102 s−1 and 8×103 s−1 using split Hopkinson bar, drop hammer and Instron, respectively. The results indicated that the size of B4C and loading rate had significant effect on relative density. For example, the relative density of Mg-10 vol.% B4C nanocomposite was around 2.5% higher than that of its corresponding microcomposites. The relative density of the samples produced at high rate of loading was in average 1.2% higher than that of the samples fabricated quasi-statically. The results of indentation tests on the produced nanocomposite and microcomposite samples also revealed that loading rate and B4C particle size had significant effect on strength of specimens. For example, for Mg-5 vol.% B4C, the maximum load in load–depth curve of the specimens produced by split Hopkinson bar increased from 530 N for micron-sized B4C to 780 N for nano-sized B4C, around 45% improvement. Moreover, nanocomposites had better indentation resistance compared to similar micro composites fabricated using the three methods.
Incidence Trends of Lip, Oral Cavity, and Pharyngeal Cancers: Global Burden of Disease 1990–2017
Authors: Du M. , Nair R. , Jamieson L. , Liu Z. , Bi P.
Published: December 2019

The worldwide incidence trends of the lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers (LOCPs) need to be updated. This study aims to examine the temporal incidence trends of LOCPs from 1990 to 2017, using the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data to explore sex, age, and regional differences. GBD incidence data for LOCPs were driven by population cancer registries and were estimated from mortality data. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were directly extracted from the 2017 GBD database to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) over the study period. Incidence trends are mapped and compared separately by sex (females vs. males), age groups (15–49, 50–69, and 70+ y), regions (21 geographical and 5 sociodemographic regions), and countries. Among 678,900 incident cases of LOCPs notified in 2017, more than half were lip and oral cavity cancers. From 1990 to 2017, the estimated global incidence for nasopharyngeal cancers decreased dramatically (EAPC = −1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], –1.70 to −1.34), while the incidence for lip and oral cavity cancers (EAPC = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.16–0.37) and other pharyngeal cancers (EAPC = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54–0.71) increased. Higher ASIRs were observed among males than females across all age groups. However, females had larger EAPC variation when compared to males. Population groups aged 15 to 49 y presented the lowest ASIRs, with larger values of EAPC than those aged 50 to 69 and 70+ y. While high-income countries had higher ASIRs with little EAPC variation, ASIRs varied across low/middle-income regions with larger EAPC variations. South Asia and East Asia had the highest ASIRs and EAPC for lip and oral cavity cancers, respectively. In conclusion, the global incidence of LOCPs has increased among females, those aged 15 to 49 y, and people from low/middle-income countries over the study period, excepting nasopharyngeal cancers, which had a decreasing worldwide trend.
Deformation and geometric modeling in three-dimensional simulation of fancy weft-knitted fabric
Authors: Peng Jiajia , Jiang Gaoming , Xia Fenglin , Cong Honglian , Dong Zhijia
Published: December 2019

To realize three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of weft-knitted fabrics, this paper proposes a 3-D loop modeling method which includes yarn texture and rapid deformation of fabric. The deformation of the fabric is achieved using a simplified particle system. In this study, the shape of the loop is controlled by using 10 control points, and the coordinates of the loop type control points are calculated in combination with the actual loop shape and a quadratic Bezier curve equation. To realize the deformation of the loop, the relationship between the control points and the particle system is established. The 3-D surface model of the yarn is constructed based on a local frame of the loop path. In addition, the yarn simulation is achieved by texture mapping. The simulation of fancy weft-knitted fabric is realized by the joint programming of Visual Studio and OpenGL. The results show that the simplified particle model can accurately achieve the deformation of the fabric with high efficiency. The geometric model properly represents the loop shape and exhibits the yarn texture.
Backpack of Whiteness: Releasing the Weight to Free Myself and My Students
Authors: McCormack Shashray
Published: December 2019

This essay decenters whiteness and centers who I am as a Black teacher weighed down by boulders representing the dominance of whiteness and internalized racism as well as the institutional and social systems within which I dwell. Slowly, I release them through partnerships, “remembered” histories, “re-righted” curriculum, and confidence in self-worth. While I write about degradation, marginalization, disrespect, and omission of my Blackness in relationships with universities, I also write about supportive partnerships with Professional Dyads of Culturally Relevant Teaching (PDCRT) Colleagues of Color, administrators, and students emphasizing that, at the end of the day, the partner I must hold onto first is me.
“This Ain’t Gonna Work For Me”: The Role of the Afrocentric Praxis of Eldering in Creating More Equitable Research Partnerships
Authors: Henderson Janelle W. , Laman Tasha Tropp
Published: December 2019

In this article, we unpack our interracial research relationship over the course of 2 years and how the Afrocentric pedagogy of eldering evolved as we grew our relationship into one of mutual mentorship, from professor and student to co-researchers, co-teachers, and friends. This shifting of roles contributed to our sense of communal responsibility as our dialogue about race and our racial identities evolved from surface-level conversations to open conversations that explored our biases, assumptions, identities, and then moved that work to conversations and curriculum with children.
William Frédéric Edwards and the study of human races in France, from the Restoration to the July Monarchy
Authors: Stewart Ian B.
Published: December 2019

Scholars of the nineteenth-century race sciences have tended to identify the period from c.1820– c.1850 as a phase of transition from philologically to physically focused study. In France, the physiologist William Frédéric Edwards (1776–1842) is normally placed near the center of this transformation. A reconsideration of Edwards’ oeuvre in the context of his larger biography shows that it is impossible to see a clear-cut philological to physical “paradigm shift.” Although he has been remembered almost solely for his principle of the permanency of physical “types,” Edwards was also committed to what he recognized as the new science of “ linguistique” and proposed a new branch of comparative philology based on pronunciation. Bearing Edwards’ attention to linguistics in mind, this article reconstructs his racial theories in their intellectual contexts and suggests that at a time of emergent disciplinary specialization, Edwards tried to hold discrete fields together and mold them into a new “natural history of man.”
Research on forced migration from the perspective of the psychology of religion: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Grzymała-Moszczyńska Halina , Kanal Maria
Published: December 2019

The goal of our article is to present the subject of forced migration as a very interesting and socially relevant research field that could contribute to further development of the psychology of religion. We focus on further development of the toolbox of the psychology of religion, seeking further application of Sunden’s role theory and introducing new approaches originating from indigenous and environmental psychology. After a short review of existing research, new theoretical approaches, and methodologies are presented, along with suggestions for improving the validity of qualitative research pertaining to the role of religion at all stages of the migration process.
Is religiousness a form of variation in personality, or in culture, or neither? Conceptual issues and empirical indications
Authors: Saucier Gerard
Published: December 2019

It has become widely recognized that religiousness has a predictable pattern of small associations with Big Five personality dimensions, and has some intersections with cultural psychology. But just how large are those culture-religiosity intersections, and are there additional associations with personality when one extends beyond the restricted spectrum represented by Big Five traits? Moreover, do the answers to these questions depend on how religiousness is defined and measured? I argue that, both conceptually and empirically, religiousness itself meets the criteria for a personality dimension (including stability, heritability, and other grounds), and is simultaneously for the most part a cultural phenomenon reflecting often widely shared sets of beliefs, values, worldviews, and norms. The patterns of modest associations with other personality dimensions, from the Big Five and beyond, are consistent with both arguments. A distributive model of culture, under which culture is aggregated personalities (and especially mindsets) helps make sense of these relations. Tradition-oriented religiousness tends to have a prominent position in enduring-order (as contrasted with evolving-order) cultures, which helps account for its occasional expressions in political religion. In contrast, mystical spirituality is more prone to manifest as a sub-cultural phenomenon peripheral to mainstream culture. But for either conception—religiousness or spirituality—the same personality-and-culture propositions appear to hold. Nonetheless, religiousness seems not totally reducible to a variable for personality or cultural psychology, and considerations are introduced regarding what that irreducible element is most likely to be.
The 2019 G’dansk conference: Some comments on the state of the International Association for the Psychology of Religion
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2019

“We had a great conference!” was a comment generally shared by the participants at the last Conference of the International Association for the Psychology of Religion (IAPR) which took place in Gdansk, Poland from 31 August through 3 September 2019. This recent event and the publication, in this issue, of several keynote addresses from this conference, afford an excellent occasion to share some thoughts about IAPR conferences, the G’dansk conference in particular, the state of the IAPR in general, and some considerations and challenges for the future of our organization.
Locating and leaving Babylon: A missional reading of Revelation 17 and 18 in light of ancient and contemporary political contexts
Authors: Flemming Dean
Published: December 2019

This article explores a missional reading of Revelation 17 and 18, focusing on the significance of “Babylon” for John’s audience in Roman Asia and for Christian communities today. John uses the symbol of Babylon to shape missional communities, inviting them to reimagine their world. In John’s 1st-century context, Revelation 17 and 18 expose the idolatry, economic exploitation, and dehumanization of the empire. The symbol of Babylon, however, does not lie frozen in a 1st-century past; it continues to speak loudly into contemporary political and economic realities. The contextual reading in this article particularly describes Babylon’s presence within the civil religion, economic practices, arrogance, and violence of the current North American context. The article then asks, What does it mean to “come out” of Babylon (Rev 18:4), both for Christians in John’s world and today? Finally, the article reflects on nine implications that emerge from John’s treatment of Babylon in Revelation 17 and 18 for the ongoing task of missional hermeneutics.
Teachers’ efficacy for inclusive practices in the Sultanate of Oman: Effect of gender and teaching experience
Authors: Mohamed Emam Mahmoud , Al-Mahdy Yasser F. Hendawy
Published: December 2019

The current study investigated teachers’ efficacy for inclusive practices (TEIP) in public schools in the Sultanate of Oman, exploring the effect of teacher gender and years of experience. The TEIP scale was administered to teachers in Oman. Participants included 287 basic school teachers selected from schools identified as embracing and implementing inclusive practices in the capital and largest city of Oman. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor model of the Arabic version of the TEIP scale. Omani teachers showed high levels on TEIP three dimensions and general construct. Gender differences were found in TEIP general factor, efficacy in using inclusive instruction (EII), and efficacy in collaboration favoring female teachers, whereas no gender differences were found in efficacy in managing behavior. Novice and experienced teachers reported higher TEIP in efficacy in collaboration compared to teachers with moderate experience, whereas experienced teachers and teachers with moderate teaching experience reported higher TEIP compared to novice teachers. Implications of the study results are discussed in relation to the development of inclusive practices in Oman.
Propagated Preferences? Political Elite Discourses and Europeans’ Openness toward Muslim Immigrants
Authors: Czymara Christian S.
Published: December 2019

Immigration is among the most vividly discussed topics in Europe’s national parliaments in recent years, often with a particular emphasis on the inflow of Muslims. This article examines the link between articulations of national political parties (political elite discourses) and natives’ attitudes toward immigrants in Europe. It provides a nuanced view of this relationship by (i) distinguishing more (inclusionary) from less (exclusionary) immigration-friendly political elites and (ii) isolating natives’ openness toward two specific groups: Muslim immigrants and ethnically similar immigrants. Combining the European Social Survey with party manifesto data and other sources, the analysis reveals that political elite discourses perform better in explaining natives’ attitudes compared to national demographic or economic aspects. Native Europeans’ attitudes toward Muslim immigrants are more hostile in countries where political elites are more exclusionary and more welcoming where political elites are more inclusionary. In contrast, Europeans’ views on ethnically similar immigrants seem largely unaffected by exclusionary political elites. These findings suggest that political elites can play an important role in fostering or impeding immigrant integration by shaping public opinion, particularly toward more marginalized immigrant groups.
The prevalence of fragmented QRS and its relationship with left ventricular systolic function in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Peng , Wu Jine , Wang Lu , Han Dan , Sun Chaofeng , Sun Jingjing
Published: December 2019

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiograms (ECG) in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to examine the association between fQRS and left ventricular systolic function.

Methods

This retrospective study analysed clinical and laboratory data from consecutive patients with CKD. The relationship between fQRS and left ventricular systolic function was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 310 patients (186 males; mean ± SD age, 52.24 ± 15.72 years) with CKD participated in this study. The prevalence of fQRS was 30.32% (94 of 310 patients). The prevalence of fQRS was more common in the inferior leads (53.19%; 50 of 94) compared with the anterior leads (21.28%; 20 of 94) and the lateral leads (25.53%; 24 of 94). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio [OR] 1.356; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.022, 2.036) and coronary artery disease (OR 2.355; 95% CI 1.056, 5.251) were independent risk factors of fQRS in patients with CKD.

Conclusion

The fQRS was prevalent in patients with CKD regardless of the CKD stage.
Creep/recovery and stress-relaxation tests applied in a standardized carbon fiber/epoxy composite: Design of experiment approach
Authors: Monticeli Francisco Maciel , Ornaghi Heitor Luiz , Neves Roberta Motta , Odila Hilário Cioffi Maria
Published: December 2019

Carbon fiber–reinforced plastic is a trend in the composite field since it has outstanding mechanical properties, which can be applied in several areas. For this work, carbon fiber–reinforced plastic composite using epoxy as matrix was molded by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding to measure the individual influence of temperature and strain/stress on initial strain, permanent deformation, and modulus decay behavior of carbon fiber–reinforced plastic quantitatively. To achieve this purpose, void content, creep/recovery, and stress-relaxation properties were statistically evaluated by design of experiment approach–Taguchi method and analysis of variance. Results showed that both permanent deformation and modulus decay had influence on temperature and design of experiment confirmed that temperature is the main contributor to each response, considering all three viscoelastic regions (glassy, glass transition, and rubbery) and stress/strain.