bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal mannequin comparison of the Upright self-inflating bag and snap-fit mask versus standard resuscitators and masks: leak, applied load and tidal volumes
Authors: Rafferty Anthony Richard , Johnson Lucy , Davis Peter G , Dawson Jennifer Anne , Thio Marta , Owen Louise S
Published: November 2017

Objective

Neonatal mask ventilation is a difficult skill to acquire and maintain. Mask leak is common and can lead to ineffective ventilation. The aim of this study was to determine whether newly available neonatal self-inflating bags and masks could reduce mask leak without additional load being applied to the face.

Design

Forty operators delivered 1 min episodes of mask ventilation to a mannequin using the Laerdal Upright Resuscitator, a standard Laerdal infant resuscitator (Laerdal Medical) and a T-Piece Resuscitator (Neopuff), using both the Laerdal snap-fit face mask and the standard Laerdal size 0/1 face mask (equivalent sizes). Participants were asked to use pressure sufficient to achieve ‘appropriate’ chest rise. Leak, applied load, airway pressure and tidal volume were measured continuously. Participants were unaware that load was being recorded.

Results

There was no difference in mask leak between resuscitation devices. Leak was significantly lower when the snap-fit mask was used with all resuscitation devices, compared with the standard mask (14% vs 37% leak, P<0.01). The snap-fit mask was preferred by 83% of participants. The device-mask combinations had no significant effect on applied load.

Conclusions

The Laerdal Upright Resuscitator resulted in similar leak to the other resuscitation devices studied, and did not exert additional load to the face and head. The snap-fit mask significantly reduced overall leak with all resuscitation devices and was the mask preferred by participants.
Habitat overlap among bobcats (Lynx rufus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Nielsen C.K. , Bottom C.R. , Tebo R.G. , Greenspan E.
Published: November 2017

Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758) populations have grown considerably in the Midwestern U.S. alongside mesocarnivores, such as coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) and bobcats (Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)). However, few studies have assessed habitat overlap between mesocarnivores and turkeys with a goal to understand potential impacts of mesocarnivores on turkeys. We captured and radiomarked bobcats, coyotes, and Wild Turkey hens in southern Illinois during 2011–2013 in an agricultural landscape and created single-species resource selection and overlap models. Wild Turkeys and bobcats demonstrated concentrated use in forested areas, whereas coyote use was highest in agricultural areas. We documented Wild Turkey nests (n = 107) and hen mortalities (n = 28), which were used to model the effect of bobcat, coyote, and Wild Turkey habitat use on turkey nest success and mortality. Increased coyote use was associated with higher nest success and increased turkey use was associated with higher probability of mortality. These findings suggest that top predators, such as coyotes, may be important and beneficial for ground-nesting avian species. With coyotes acting as the top predator throughout much of the Midwest, they are likely reducing densities of other important turkey nest predator species, thereby increasing nest success.
Genomic relationships among sixteen species of Avena based on (ACT)6 trinucleotide repeat FISH
Authors: Luo Xiaomei , Tinker Nick A. , Zhou Yonghong , Wight Charlene P. , Liu Juncheng , Wan Wenlin , Chen Liang , Peng Yuanying
Published: November 2017

Knowledge of the locations of repeat elements could be very important in the assembly of genome sequences and their assignment to physical chromosomes. Genomic and species relationships among 16 species were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the Am1 and (ACT)6 probes. The Am1 oligonucleotide probe was particularly enriched in the C genomes, whereas the (ACT)6 trinucleotide repeat probe showed a diverse distribution of hybridization patterns in the A, AB, C, AC, and ACD genomes but might not be present in the B and D genomes. The hybridization pattern of Avena sativa was very similar to that of A. insularis, indicating that this species most likely originated from A. insularis as a tetraploid ancestor. Although the two FISH probes failed to identify relationships of more species, this proof-of-concept approach opens the way to the use of FISH probes in assigning other signature elements from genomic sequence to physical chromosomes.
Deformed shell model study of event rates for WIMP-73Ge scattering
Authors: Sahu R. , Kota V. K. B.
Published: November 2017

The event detection rates for the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) (a dark matter candidate) are calculated with [Formula: see text]Ge as the detector. The calculations are performed within the deformed shell model (DSM) based on Hartree–Fock states. First, the energy levels and magnetic moment for the ground state and two low-lying positive parity states for this nucleus are calculated and compared with experiment. The agreement is quite satisfactory. Then the nuclear wave functions are used to investigate the elastic and inelastic scattering of WIMP from [Formula: see text]Ge; inelastic scattering, especially for the [Formula: see text] transition, is studied for the first time. The nuclear structure factors which are independent of supersymmetric model are also calculated as a function of WIMP mass. The event rates are calculated for a given set of nucleonic current parameters. The calculation shows that [Formula: see text]Ge is a good detector for detecting dark matter.
A study of perturbations in scalar–tensor theory using 1 + 3 covariant approach
Authors: Ntahompagaze Joseph , Abebe Amare , Mbonye Manasse
Published: November 2017

This work discusses scalar–tensor theories of gravity, with a focus on the Brans–Dicke sub-class, and one that also takes note of the latter’s equivalence with [Formula: see text] gravitation theories. A [Formula: see text] covariant formalism is used in this case to discuss covariant perturbations on a background Friedmann–Laimaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime. Linear perturbation equations are developed based on gauge-invariant gradient variables. Both scalar and harmonic decompositions are applied to obtain second-order equations. These equations can then be used for further analysis of the behavior of the perturbation quantities in such a scalar–tensor theory of gravitation. Energy density perturbations are studied for two systems, namely for a scalar fluid-radiation system and for a scalar fluid-dust system, for [Formula: see text] models. For the matter-dominated era, it is shown that the dust energy density perturbations grow exponentially, a result which agrees with those already existing in the literatures. In the radiation-dominated era, it is found that the behavior of the radiation energy–density perturbations is oscillatory, with growing amplitudes for [Formula: see text], and with decaying amplitudes for [Formula: see text]. This is a new result.
INNOVATING WITH SERVICE ROBOTS IN HEALTH AND WELFARE LIVING LABS
Authors: LEMINEN SEPPO , WESTERLUND MIKA , RAJAHONKA MERVI
Published: November 2017

This paper examines diverse service innovations created with service robots in living labs that are an under researched and growing area of scholarly research. In particular, there is a need for research that connects robotics with welfare and health care living labs. This study focusses on the nexus between the different types of robots and services in living labs. It contributes to the literatures of open innovation and living labs by developing a conceptual framework for analysing service innovations enabled by robotics in eight living lab cases. The framework distinguishes four archetypes of service innovations in health and welfare living labs: (i) socialising, (ii) aiding, (iii) entertaining, and (iv) personal assisting. The paper concludes with implications to theory and practice, and suggests directions for future research.
Genetic deletion of the circadian clock transcription factor BMAL1 and chronic alcohol consumption differentially alter hepatic glycogen in mice
Authors: Udoh Uduak S. , Valcin Jennifer A. , Swain Telisha M. , Filiano Ashley N. , Gamble Karen L. , Young Martin E. , Bailey Shannon M.
Published: November 2017

Multiple metabolic pathways exhibit time-of-day-dependent rhythms that are controlled by the molecular circadian clock. We have shown that chronic alcohol is capable of altering the molecular clock and diurnal oscillations in several elements of hepatic glycogen metabolism ( 19 , 44 ). Herein, we sought to determine whether genetic disruption of the hepatocyte clock differentially impacts hepatic glycogen content in chronic alcohol-fed mice. Male hepatocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (HBK) and littermate controls were fed control or alcohol-containing diets for 5 wk to alter hepatic glycogen content. Glycogen displayed a significant diurnal rhythm in livers of control genotype mice fed the control diet. While rhythmic, alcohol significantly altered the diurnal oscillation of glycogen in livers of control genotype mice. The glycogen rhythm was mildly altered in livers of control-fed HBK mice. Importantly, glycogen content was arrhythmic in livers of alcohol-fed HBK mice. Consistent with these changes in hepatic glycogen content, we observed that some glycogen and glucose metabolism genes were differentially altered by chronic alcohol consumption in livers of HBK and littermate control mice. Diurnal rhythms in glycogen synthase (mRNA and protein) were significantly altered by alcohol feeding and clock disruption. Alcohol consumption significantly altered Gck, Glut2, and Ppp1r3g rhythms in livers of control genotype mice, with diurnal rhythms of Pklr, Glut2, Ppp1r3c, and Ppp1r3g further disrupted (dampened or arrhythmic) in livers of HBK mice. Taken together, these findings show that chronic alcohol consumption and hepatocyte clock disruption differentially influence the diurnal rhythm of glycogen and various key glycogen metabolism-related genes in the liver.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that circadian clock disruption exacerbates alcohol-mediated alterations in hepatic glycogen. We observed differential responsiveness in diurnal rhythms of glycogen and glycogen metabolism genes and proteins in livers of hepatocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout and littermate control mice fed alcohol. Our findings provide new insights into potential mechanisms by which alcohol alters glycogen, an important energy source for liver and other organs.
Overproduction of growth differentiation factor 15 promotes human rhinovirus infection and virus-induced inflammation in the lung
Authors: Wu Qun , Jiang Di , Schaefer Niccolette R. , Harmacek Laura , O’Connor Brian P. , Eling Thomas E. , Eickelberg Oliver , Chu Hong Wei
Published: November 2017

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common virus contributing to acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) nearly year round, but the mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Recent clinical studies suggest that high levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) protein in the blood are associated with an increased yearly rate of all-cause COPD exacerbations. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether GDF15 promotes HRV infection and virus-induced lung inflammation. We first examined the role of GDF15 in regulating host defense and HRV-induced inflammation using human GDF15 transgenic mice and cultured human GDF15 transgenic mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Next, we determined the effect of GDF15 on viral replication, antiviral responses, and inflammation in human airway epithelial cells with GDF15 knockdown and HRV infection. Finally, we explored the signaling pathways involved in airway epithelial responses to HRV infection in the context of GDF15. Human GDF15 protein overexpression in mice led to exaggerated inflammatory responses to HRV, increased infectious particle release, and decreased IFN-λ2/3 (IL-28A/B) mRNA expression in the lung. Moreover, GDF15 facilitated HRV replication and inflammation via inhibiting IFN-λ1/IL-29 protein production in human airway epithelial cells. Lastly, Smad1 cooperated with interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) to regulate airway epithelial responses to HRV infection partly via GDF15 signaling. Our results reveal a novel function of GDF15 in promoting lung HRV infection and virus-induced inflammation, which may be a new mechanism for the increased susceptibility and severity of respiratory viral (i.e., HRV) infection in cigarette smoke-exposed airways with GDF15 overproduction.
IAP Antagonists Enhance Cytokine Production from Mouse and Human iNKT Cells
Authors: Clancy-Thompson Eleanor , Ali Lestat , Bruck Patrick T. , Exley Mark A. , Blumberg Richard S. , Dranoff Glenn , Dougan Michael , Dougan Stephanie K.
Published: November 2017

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonists are in clinical trials for a variety of cancers, and mouse models show synergism between IAP antagonists and anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. Although IAP antagonists affect the intrinsic signaling of tumor cells, their most pronounced effects are on immune cells and the generation of antitumor immunity. Here, we examined the effects of IAP antagonism on T-cell development using mouse fetal thymic organ culture and observed a selective loss of iNKT cells, an effector cell type of potential importance for cancer immunotherapy. Thymic iNKT-cell development probably failed due to increased strength of TCR signal leading to negative selection, given that mature iNKT cells treated with IAP antagonists were not depleted, but had enhanced cytokine production in both mouse and human ex vivo cultures. Consistent with this, mature mouse primary iNKT cells and iNKT hybridomas increased production of effector cytokines in the presence of IAP antagonists. In vivo administration of IAP antagonists and α-GalCer resulted in increased IFNγ and IL-2 production from iNKT cells and decreased tumor burden in a mouse model of melanoma lung metastasis. Human iNKT cells also proliferated and increased IFNγ production dramatically in the presence of IAP antagonists, demonstrating the utility of these compounds in adoptive therapy of iNKT cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(1); 25–35. ©2017 AACR.
Lexical Retrieval or Semantic Knowledge Which One Causes Naming Errors in Patients with Mild and Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Salehi Masoome , Reisi Mohsen , Ghasisin Leila
Published: November 2017

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze naming errors in patients with Alz­heimer’s disease in comparison to healthy subjects and determine the underlying cause of naming errors in these patients. Method: In this study, we included 35 healthy elderly subjects, 23 patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease, and 23 with moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Forty-five images were used to determine the type of naming errors, and to identify the underlying cause of errors, matching an image with a written word was used. Results: Patients with Alz­heimer’s disease had more naming errors compared with the group of healthy elderly, and patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease showed a slower reaction in matching an image with a written word. Conclusion: Anomia in the initial phase of Alzheimer’s disease is due to problems in lexical retrieval; however, as the disease advances, in addition to lexical retrieval problems, conceptual knowledge causes naming problems.
Suppressed Adiponectin Levels and Increased Adiponectin Response to Oral Glucose Load in Lean Women with Severe Acne Normalizes after Isotretinoin Treatment
Authors: Aydin Kadriye , Çetinözman Fatma , Elcin Gonca , Aksoy Duygu Yazgan , Ucar Fatma , Yildiz Bulent O.
Published: November 2017

Background/Aim: Isotretinoin, the drug of choice for severe acne, might be associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived protein that increases insulin sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to investigate adiponectin levels in postadolescent severe acne and the effect of isotretinoin on adiponectin levels. Methods: Participants included 18 female patients with severe acne and 18 healthy women matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Acne patients completed a 6-month isotretinoin treatment. Anthropometric measurements, serum adiponectin, lipids, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined, and a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in healthy women once and in patients with acne before and after treatment. Results: At baseline, patients with acne had significantly lower serum adiponectin levels than controls. Isotretinoin treatment resulted in a significant increase in weight, BMI, and triglyceride and adiponectin levels. Glucose metabolism markers in patients with acne and controls were similar at baseline and did not change after treatment. Baseline OGTT in acne patients revealed an increased adiponectin response at 2 h, which was not present in healthy controls. Remarkably, this OGTT-induced adiponectin increment in acne patients was diminished after isotretinoin treatment. Conclusion: Adiponectin levels are differently regulated in women with severe acne and healthy controls in that circulating basal levels in patients are suppressed and show an increase in response to oral glucose load. Suppression of baseline adiponectin ameliorates after 6 months of isotretinoin treatment, reaching levels similar to those of healthy controls.
Upregulated TRIM11 Exerts its Oncogenic Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Inhibition of P53
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Rao Jun , Lou Xuming , Zhai Jian , Ni Zhenhua , Wang Xiongbiao
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: The tripartite motif containing (TRIM) family plays crucial roles in tumor development and progression. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of TRIM11 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The expression levels of TRIM11 were examined by real-time PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. TRIM11 knockdown cells were produced by lentivirus infection, and functional assays, such as MTT, colony formation assay, migration and invasion assays and a xenograft tumor model were used to investigate the role of TRIM11 in HCC. We also determined the effect of TRIM11 on p53 signaling and its downstream molecules. Results: We found that TRIM11 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in HCC tissues as compared with normal tissues; increased levels correlated with poor patient survival. By loss- and gain-of-function investigations, knockdown of TRIM11 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulated p53 expression. Knockdown of p53 abrogated the in vitro and in vivo biological functions of TRIM11 shRNA in HCC cells. Conclusions: These data show that TRIM11 exerts its oncogenic effect in HCC by downregulating p53 both in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and indicate that TRIM11 may serve as a new therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Associated with Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia and Mitochondrial DNA A3243G Mutation
Authors: Narumi Kaori , Mishima Eikan , Akiyama Yukako , Matsuhashi Tetsuro , Nakamichi Takashi , Kisu Kiyomi , Nishiyama Shuhei , Ikenouchi Hajime , Kikuchi Akio , Izumi Rumiko , Miyazaki Mariko , Abe Takaaki , Sato Hiroshi , Ito Sadayoshi
Published: November 2017

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is caused by various etiologies, with mitochondrial dysfunction being one of the causes. FSGS is known to be associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), which is a subclass of mitochondrial disease. However, it has rarely been reported in other mitochondrial disease subclasses. Here, we reported a 20-year-old man diagnosed with FSGS associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3243A>G mutation. He presented with left ptosis, short stature, mild sensorineural deafness, and cardiac conduction block. A renal biopsy sample showed segmental sclerosis and adhesions between capillaries and Bowman’s capsule, indicating FSGS. Electron microscopy demonstrated abnormal aggregated mitochondria in podocytes, and the basement membrane and epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule. Skeletal muscle biopsy also showed accumulation of abnormal mitochondria. mtDNA analysis identified heteroplasmic mtDNA 3243A>G mutation with no large-scale deletions. From these findings, we diagnosed the case as CPEO with multi-organ involvement including FSGS. Our report demonstrates that CPEO, as well as MELAS, can be associated with FSGS. Because mitochondrial disease presents with a variety of clinical symptoms, atypical cases with non-classical manifestations are observed. Thus, mitochondrial disease should be considered as an underlying cause of FSGS with systemic manifestations even with atypical phenotypes.
The Key Roles of GSK-3β in Regulating Mitochondrial Activity
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Zhixi , Gao Juanjuan , Shi Weimei , Li Linfu , Jiang Shan , Hu Haibo , Liu Zhiping , Xu Daohua , Wu Longhuo
Published: November 2017

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been reported to show essential roles in molecular pathophysiology of many diseases. Mitochondrion is a dynamic organelle for producing cellular energy and determining cell fates. Stress-induced translocated GSK-3β may interact with mitochondrial proteins, including PI3K-Akt, PGC-1α, HK II, PKCε, components of respiratory chain, and subunits of mPTP. Mitochondrial pool of GSK-3β has been implicated in mediation of mitochondrial functions. GSK-3β exhibits the regulatory effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial permeability, mitochondrial motility, and mitochondrial apoptosis. The versatile functions of GSK-3β might be associated with its wide range of substrates. Accumulative evidence demonstrates that GSK-3β inactivation may be potentially developed as the promising strategy in management of many diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Intensive efforts have been made for exploring GSK-3β inhibitors. Natural products provide us a great source for screening new lead compounds in inactivation of GSK-3β. The key roles of GSK-3β in mediation of mitochondrial functions are discussed in this review.
Petrografia e litoquímica de rochas ferríferas na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Domínio Rio Piranhas – Seridó, NE da Província Borborema)
Authors: Dantas Alexandre Ranier , Nascimento Marcos Antônio Leite do , Costa Alan Pereira da , Cavalcante Rogério
Published: November 2017

As ocorrências de rochas ferríferas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte correspondem essencialmente a pequenos depósitos que aparentemente não apresentam potencial econômico. Porém, pequenos jazimentos desse bem mineral têm sido explotados em algumas áreas dessa região. As formações ferríferas ocorrem como intercalações decimétricas a algumas dezenas de metros em gnaisses da Formação Jucurutu e menos frequentemente estão associadas às rochas metamáficas encaixadas em gnaisses do Complexo Caicó. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma caracterização petrográfica macro e microscópica de rochas ferríferas, além da discussão dos dados de litoquímica e uso de MEV-EDS para estudo da composição química qualitativa de magnetitas e anfibólios. Essas rochas normalmente apresentam teores de Fe2O3 variando entre 46 e 59% e de SiO2 entre 33 e 50%. Petrograficamente, foram identificados dois grupos distintos: rochas ferríferas granulares e rochas ferríferas bandadas. A litoquímica permitiu concluir que os grupos de rochas estudadas apresentam comportamentos ora similares, ora distintos. São rochas compostas essencialmente de Si e Fe, com pequena proporção de elementos-traço e terras raras. Os parâmetros químicos indicam ambiente dominantemente oxidante e grupos de rochas em posições intermediárias a mais próximas das fontes hidrotermais oceânicas. Os ambientes tectônicos para formação das rochas ferríferas granulares e bandadas estudadas indicam principalmente cadeias oceânicas localizadas nas imediações de margens continentais ativas transicionais a arco de ilhas.
Petrografia e geoquímica de gnaisses da região de Indiara, porção central do arco magmático de Goiás
Authors: Navarro Guillermo Rafael Beltran , Zanardo Antenor , Montibeller Cibele Carolina , Conceição Fabiano Tomazini da , Valeriano Claudio de Morisson
Published: November 2017

Na região de Indiara, Goiás, ocorre uma extensa faixa de gnaisses relacionados ao Arco Magmático de Goiás, próximo ao contato com as rochas supracrustais da Sequência Metavulcanossedimentar Anicuns-Itaberaí. Dados geoquímicos e isotópicos (Sm/Nd) mostram que os gnaisses da região de Indiara não são semelhantes às rochas de regiões tipo do Arco Magmático de Goiás (regiões de Arenópolis, Firminópolis, Iporá e Mara Rosa). São rochas cálcio-alcalinas e peraluminosas, com composição predominantemente granítica, em contraste com o caráter prevalentemente cálcico e metaluminoso das regiões tipo, que também apresentam composição dominantemente tonalítica a granodiorítica. Os altos teores de SiO2, o caráter fortemente peraluminoso e os altos teores de coríndon normativo sugerem que os gnaisses da região de Indiara são derivados de granitos tipo-Sin-colisionais e/ou correspondem à mistura de protólitos ígneos e sedimentares. As idades modelo TDM (1,88 e 1,90 Ga) sugerem que os gnaisses da região evoluíram de crosta siálica mais antiga do que as rochas que compõem o Arco Magmático de Goiás.
International External Validation Study of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EVIDENCE-HCM)
Authors: O’Mahony Constantinos , Jichi Fatima , Ommen Steve R. , Christiaans Imke , Arbustini Eloisa , Garcia-Pavia Pablo , Cecchi Franco , Olivotto Iacopo , Kitaoka Hiroaki , Gotsman Israel , Carr-White Gerald , Mogensen Jens , Antoniades Loizos , Mohiddin Saidi A. , Maurer Mathew S. , Tang Hak Chiaw , Geske Jeffrey B. , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Mahmoud Karim D. , Vermeer Alexa , Wilde Arthur , Favalli Valentina , Guttmann Oliver P. , Gallego-Delgado Maria , Dominguez Fernando , Tanini Ilaria , Kubo Toru , Keren Andre , Bueser Teofila , Waters Sarah , Issa Issa F. , Malcolmson James , Burns Tom , Sekhri Neha , Hoeger Christopher W. , Omar Rumana Z. , Elliott Perry M.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Identification of people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who are at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and require a prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator is challenging. In 2014, the European Society of Cardiology proposed a new risk stratification method based on a risk prediction model (HCM Risk-SCD) that estimates the 5-year risk of SCD. The aim was to externally validate the 2014 European Society of Cardiology recommendations in a geographically diverse cohort of patients recruited from the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.

Methods:

This was an observational, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Results:

The cohort consisted of 3703 patients. Seventy three (2%) patients reached the SCD end point within 5 years of follow-up (5-year incidence, 2.4% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.9–3.0]). The validation study revealed a calibration slope of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.93–1.12), C-index of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.68–0.72), and D-statistic of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.05–1.29). In a complete case analysis (n= 2147; 44 SCD end points at 5 years), patients with a predicted 5-year risk of <4% (n=1524; 71%) had an observed 5-year SCD incidence of 1.4% (95% CI, 0.8–2.2); patients with a predicted risk of ≥6% (n=297; 14%) had an observed SCD incidence of 8.9% (95% CI, 5.96–13.1) at 5 years. For every 13 (297/23) implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantations in patients with an estimated 5-year SCD risk ≥6%, 1 patient can potentially be saved from SCD.

Conclusions:

This study confirms that the HCM Risk-SCD model provides accurate prognostic information that can be used to target implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients at the highest risk of SCD.
High Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in Posterior Cerebral Artery Territory
Authors: Makimoto Hisaki , Kurt Muhammed , Gliem Michael , Lee John‐Ih , Schmidt Jan , Müller Patrick , Clasen Lukas , Brinkmeyer Christoph , Shin Dong‐In , Jander Sebastian , Kelm Malte , Fürnkranz Alexander
Published: November 2017

Background

Subclinical atrial fibrillation is one possible cause of embolic stroke of undetermined source (
ESUS
). It remains to be elucidated if a specific infarction site has a predictive value for detecting subclinical atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of infarction site in patients with ESUS for the detection of atrial tachyarrhythmia (
AT
) using an insertable cardiac monitor.

Methods and Results

Consecutive 146 patients (84 men; aged 62±12 years) underwent insertable cardiac monitor implantation after diagnosis of
ESUS
. The detection of
AT
>30 seconds was evaluated. The ESUS infarction sites were categorized into internal carotid artery and vertebral artery (
VA
) territories, with ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery as internal carotid artery subterritories, and posterior cerebral artery and other vertebrobasilar arteries as
VA
subterritories. During a median follow‐up of 387 days,
AT
was detected in 33 patients (23%). Subclinical
AT
detection was significantly more frequent after
VA
territorial infarction opposed to internal carotid artery infarction (20/57 [35%] versus 13/89 [15%];
P
=0.0039). Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated a significantly higher
AT
detection rate after
VA
infarction (log‐rank,
P
=0.0076). Regression analysis revealed that
VA
territorial infarction, and particularly posterior cerebral artery area infarction, was an independent predictor of
AT
detection.

Conclusions

Patients with
ESUS
in the posterior cerebral artery territory had a higher rate of subclinical
AT
detection than those with other infarct localizations. Our data suggest that the possible usefulness of
ESUS
site to identify candidates for direct oral anticoagulation should be confirmed in future research.
Mapping Indeterminacy and Chance through Movement Notation: A Study on Dance Improvisation
Authors: Chung Kai-Han , Hou June-Hao
Published: November 2017

A dance notation system is usually regarded as a representation tool rather than a creative tool. This paper uses the indeterminacy approach as a creativity method to assist body-based limb exercise and development. The movement notation system is constructed based on the effort action from Laban Movement Analysis. In-depth interviews provide a comprehensive insight into the choreographer’s perspective. The findings show that the notation system and body-based improvisation training are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, the use of a notation system gives dancers a better understanding of how movements interact with various stimuli, in relation to internal and external environments.
Andy Warhol: Computational Thinking, Computational Process
Authors: Mazzone Marian
Published: November 2017

This article positions Andy Warhol as a model for computational thinking and art-making, linking him to concepts in new media art. Warhol's work is analyzed for its variability in form generation and output, both in painting and on the early Amiga computer. His work becomes a simulation of the abstraction of process and methods of production familiar to us in electronic computational art of today. Rather than seen as banal mass production on the modern assembly line, Warhol's work can be seen as inspiration for new media arts practitioners.
Creative and Lucrative Daʿwa: The Visual Culture of Instagram amongst Female Muslim Youth in Indonesia
Authors: Nisa Eva F.
Published: November 2017

Social media have become part of the private and public lifestyles of youth globally. Drawing on both online and offline research in Indonesia, this article focuses on the use of Instagram by Indonesian Muslim youth. It analyzes how religious messages uploaded on Instagram through posts and captions have a significant effect on the way in which Indonesian Muslim youth understand their religion and accentuate their (pious) identities and life goals. This article argues that Instagram has recently become the ultimate platform for Indonesian female Muslim youth to educate each other in becoming virtuous Muslims. The creativity and zeal of the creators of Instagram daʿwa (proselytization), and their firm belief that ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’, has positioned them as social media influencers, which in turn has enabled them to conduct both soft daʿwa and lucrative daʿwa through business.
Of Ladies and Lesbians and Books on Women from the Third/Ninth and Fourth/Tenth Centuries
Authors: Myrne Pernilla
Published: November 2017

Information about women in Abbasid society — and especially the subgroups ofmutaẓarrifāt, ladies, andsaḥḥaqāt, lesbians — is gathered from two extant sources that explicitly deal with the subject:al-Muwashshā, “The Painted Cloth,” by al-Washshāʾ (d. 325/936-7) andJawāmiʿ al-ladhdha, composed some fifty years later by ʿAlī b. Naṣr al-Kātib. TheJawāmiʿ al-ladhdhais an erotic compendium that relies heavily on earlier sources,al-Muwashshāincluded; however, most of the works cited are lost. A survey of book-titles from the same period indicates that a good many books about women were written at the time. Representations of ladies and lesbians as they appear from the two sources and surveyed lists of book-titles suggest a complex picture of the lady-lesbian that changed over time. That some of the books dealing with the subject were still available some six-hundred years later shows that the erotic lore of the Abbasids continued to arouse interest for centuries.
Zygospore morphology in the conjugating green alga Spirotaenia diplohelica (Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Mesotaeniaceae)
Authors: COESEL PETER , VANHOOF ANDRÉ , MEESTERS KOOS
Published: November 2017

The zygospore of the saccoderm desmid Spirotaenia diplohelica is described for the first time. The spore is most peculiar, for surrounded by a series of transparent, conical projections. In that feature it very much resembles the zygospore of Spirotaenia truncata. Contrary to Spirotaenia condensata and Spirotaenia obscura, no twin zygospores are produced and walls of empty gametangial cells do not solve in an early stage but tend to stick to the zygospore for some time. In view of those essentially different modes of sexual reproduction it is not to be excluded that species in the traditional genus Spirotaenia belong to different phylogenetic cladess.
New species of Neohybos Ale-Rocha & Carvalho (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae) from South America
Authors: ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: November 2017

Eleven new species of Neohybos Ale-Rocha & Carvalho from South America are described: N. aberrans sp. nov. (Brazil); N. adustus sp. nov. (Brazil, Peru); N. annulatus sp. nov. (Brazil); N. arcuatus sp. nov. (Brazil); N. elongatus sp. nov. (Brazil); N. hirsutus sp. nov. (Brazil); N. izabelensis sp. nov. (Brazil); N. lautus sp. nov. (Brazil); N. neblinensis sp. nov. (Brazil); N. pectinatus sp. nov. (Colombia, Peru); and N. ramosus sp. nov. (Brazil). Neohybos luridus (Bezzi) is recorded for the first time from Colombia. A key to the South American species is given.
The South Georgia Wave Experiment: A Means for Improved Analysis of Gravity Waves and Low-Level Wind Impacts Generated from Mountainous Islands
Authors: Jackson D. R. , Gadian A. , Hindley N. P. , Hoffmann L. , Hughes J. , King J. , Moffat-Griffin T. , Moss A. C. , Ross A. N. , Vosper S. B. , Wright C. J. , Mitchell N. J.
Published: November 2017

Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in many atmospheric processes. However, the observation-based understanding of GWs is limited, and representing them in numerical models is difficult. Recent studies show that small islands can be intense sources of GWs, with climatologically significant effects on the atmospheric circulation. South Georgia, in the South Atlantic, is a notable source of such “small island” waves. GWs are usually too small scale to be resolved by current models, so their effects are represented approximately using resolved model fields (parameterization). However, the small-island waves are not well represented by such parameterizations, and the explicit representation of GWs in very-high-resolution models is still in its infancy. Steep islands such as South Georgia are also known to generate low-level wakes, affecting the flow hundreds of kilometers downwind. These wakes are also poorly represented in models.

We present results from the South Georgia Wave Experiment (SG-WEX) for 5 July 2015. Analysis of GWs from satellite observations is augmented by radiosonde observations made from South Georgia. Simulations were also made using high-resolution configurations of the Met Office Unified Model (UM). Comparison with observations indicates that the UM performs well for this case, with realistic representation of GW patterns and low-level wakes. Examination of a longer simulation period suggests that the wakes generally are well represented by the model. The realism of these simulations suggests they can be used to develop parameterizations for use at coarser model resolutions.
Dynamic and Thermodynamic Impacts of the Winter Arctic Oscillation on Summer Sea Ice Extent
Authors: Park Hyo-Seok , Stewart Andrew L. , Son Jun-Hyeok
Published: November 2017

Arctic summer sea ice extent exhibits substantial interannual variability, as is highlighted by the remarkable recovery in sea ice extent in 2013 following the record minimum in the summer of 2012. Here, the mechanism via which Arctic Oscillation (AO)-induced ice thickness changes impact summer sea ice is explored, using observations and reanalysis data. A positive AO weakens the basin-scale anticyclonic sea ice drift and decreases the winter ice thickness by 15 and 10 cm in the Eurasian and the Pacific sectors of the Arctic, respectively. Three reanalysis datasets show that the upward surface heat fluxes are reduced over wide areas of the Arctic, suppressing the ice growth during the positive AO winters. The winter dynamic and thermodynamic thinning preconditions the ice for enhanced radiative forcing via the ice–albedo feedback in late spring–summer, leading to an additional 10 cm of thinning over the Pacific sector of the Arctic. Because of these winter AO-induced dynamic and thermodynamics effects, the winter AO explains about 22% (r = −0.48) of the interannual variance of September sea ice extent from 1980 to 2015.
A New Method for Temperature Spatial Interpolation Based on Sparse Historical Stations
Authors: Xu Chengdong , Wang Jinfeng , Li Qingxiang
Published: November 2017

Long-term grid historical temperature datasets are the foundation of climate change research. Datasets developed by traditional interpolation methods usually contain data for a period of less than 50 yr, with a relatively low spatial resolution owing to the sparse distribution of stations in the historical period. In this study, the point interpolation based on Biased Sentinel Hospitals Areal Disease Estimation (P-BSHADE) method has been used to interpolate 1-km grids of monthly surface air temperatures in the historical period of 1900–50 in China. The method can be used to remedy the station bias resulting from sparse coverage, and it considers the characteristics of spatial autocorrelation and nonhomogeneity of the temperature distribution to obtain unbiased and minimum error variance estimates. The results have been compared with those from widely used methods such as kriging, inverse distance weighting (IDW), and a combined spline with kriging (TPS-KRG) method, both theoretically and empirically. The leave-one-out cross-validation method using a real dataset was implemented. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) [mean absolute error (MAE)] for P-BSHADE is 0.98°C (0.75°C), while those for TPS-KRG, kriging, and IDW are 1.46° (1.07°), 2.23° (1.51°), and 2.64°C (1.85°C), respectively. The results of validation using a simulated dataset also present the smallest error for P-BSHADE, demonstrating its empirical superiority. In addition to its empirical superiority, the method also can produce a map of the estimated error variance, representing the uncertainty of estimation.
Normative Influences on Adolescents’ Self-Reported Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Role of Parents and Friends
Authors: Collado Silvia , Staats Henk , Sancho Patricia
Published: November 2017

Pro-environmental behavioral patterns are influenced by relevant others’ actions and expectations. Studies about the intergenerational transmission of environmentalism have demonstrated that parents play a major role in their children’s pro-environmental actions. However, little is known about how other social agents may shape youth’s environmentalism. This cross-sectional study concentrates on the role that parents and peers have in the regulation of 12- to 19-year-olds’ pro-environmental behaviors. We also consider the common response bias effect by examining the associations between parents, peers, and adolescents’ pro-environmentalism in two independent data sets. Data Set 1 ( N = 330) includes adolescents’ perceptions of relevant others’ behaviors. Data Set 2 ( N = 152) includes relevant others’ self-reported pro-environmental behavior. Our results show that parents’ and peers’ descriptive and injunctive norms have a direct effect on adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior and an indirect one, through personal norms. Adolescents seem to be accurate in the perception of their close ones’ environmental actions.
Exploring British India: South African prisoners of war as imperial travel writers, 1899–1902
Authors: Boer Nienke
Published: November 2017

During the second South African War (1899–1902), also known as the Anglo-Boer War, the British War Office supervised the transportation of approximately 24,000 South African prisoners of war to Bermuda, St. Helena, and British India. Examining previously unstudied memoirs published immediately following the war by war prisoners held in camps in India and Ceylon, I argue that these texts read not, as one would expect, as prison or war writing, but as travel literature. These authors do not see a conflict between enjoying the benefits of empire abroad while fighting an anti-imperial war at home. The descriptions of landscapes and events in these memoirs suggest a cultural imaginary built on travelling and cultural exchange, as opposed to the insular and nativist Afrikaner nationalism that would follow empire. This article thus contributes to a larger project of examining the precursors of postcolonial nationalism, as well as historical and imaginative links between imperial peripheries.
Everyday urbanism and the everyday state: Negotiating habitat in allotment gardens in Berlin
Authors: Hilbrandt Hanna
Published: November 2017

This paper is an inquiry into the powers at play in the everyday practices of making the city, and the social and spatial relations through which those who inhabit its margins put these powers to work. This exploration is based on a case study that considers informal housing practices and their regulation in allotment gardens in Berlin. To trace the mechanisms through which residents work to stay put in these sites, despite regulations prohibiting residency therein, the paper relates a debate on the transformative potential of the everyday to anthropological literature on the workings of the state, embedding this discussion in relational approaches to power and place. Joining these perspectives, I argue that the gardeners’ possibilities to stay put depend on the ways in which they meditate the presence of regulatory practices through their relations to state actors or institutional frames. These mediations not only highlight that people co-construct the order that takes shape, but also point to the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion built up along the way.
Nothing personal: algorithmic individuation on music streaming platforms
Authors: Prey Robert
Published: November 2017

Raymond Williams once wrote, ‘… there are in fact no masses, but only ways of seeing people as masses’. In an age of personalized media, the word ‘masses’ seems like an anachronism. Nevertheless, if Williams were to study contemporary online platforms, he would no doubt conclude that there are in fact no individuals, but only ways of seeing people as individuals. This article explores this idea by taking a closer look at online music streaming services. It first conducts a comparison of how two leading streaming platforms conceive of the individual music listener. Then, drawing from Gilbert Simondon’s theory of individuation, it demonstrates how ways of seeing the individual work to enact the individual on these platforms. In particular, ways of seeing are heavily influenced by the consumer categories that are defined and demanded by advertisers. This article concludes with an examination of how commercial imperatives shape ‘ways of seeing’ and ‘algorithmic individuation’ on music streaming platforms.
Exercise for Cognitive Symptoms in Depression: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies
Authors: Sun Meng , Lanctot Krista , Herrmann Nathan , Gallagher Damien
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To explore the effect of exercise on cognition in depression as well as the impact of potential moderators and intervention type.

Method:

Controlled and uncontrolled interventional studies that described an exercise intervention and cognitive outcomes in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) were included following a search of Pubmed, Ovid Medline, PsycInfo and Embase from inception to January 2017. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate Hedges’ g using a random-effects model. Meta-regression explored the relationships among age, baseline cognition, frequency and duration of exercise, and cognitive outcomes. Subgroup analyses were also conducted according to type and intensity of exercise interventions.

Results:

Of 12 controlled studies and 3 uncontrolled studies that met inclusion criteria, 9 (642 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant effect of exercise was found on global cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.08, P = 0.33, I2 = 0%) or on individual cognitive domains. Meta-regression analyses failed to find significant relationships among participant age, baseline cognition, number of exercise sessions per wk, duration of exercise per wk, total duration of exercise during the intervention, or improvement in global cognition. Interventions combining physical with cognitive activity significantly improved global cognition ( P = 0.048), whereas low-intensity interventions were also positive ( P = 0.048).

Conclusions:

No impact of physical exercise was found on cognition in MDD overall. However, we found that interventions combining physical and cognitive activities had a positive impact, and that lower-intensity interventions, where adherence was improved, also impacted positively. There remains a lack of high-quality data in this population.