bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Peak Ground Reaction Force, Joint Kinetics and Kinematics, and Muscle Activity Between a Flexible and Steel Barbell During the Back Squat Exercise
Authors: Hutchison Randolph E. , Caterisano Anthony
Published: September 2019

The flexible barbell is purported to improve training gains compared with an Olympic steel barbell (SB) during the back squat exercise with Division I collegiate American football programs. The two bars loaded at 30% 1-repetition maximum were compared with ten trained Division I American football players (n = 10; age = 19.5 years; body mass = 89.4 kg; body height = 182.0 cm) completing 10 repetitions of the back squat exercise. Analysis included integrated-peak values of electromyography of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, erector spinae, external oblique, vastus lateralis, ground reaction forces, and joint kinematics and kinetics of the hip, knee, and ankle. The flexible bar elicited significant increases in peak joint kinetics (Hip Moment: 229 ± 54 Nm vs. 209 ± 52 Nm; Hip Power: 494 ± 151 W vs. 382 ± 134 W; Knee Power: 305 ± 108 W vs. 241 ± 63 W), peak vertical ground reaction forces (1195 ± 209 N vs. 1120 ± 203 N), and muscle activity (Vastus Lateralis: 75.7 vs. 66.5%, Rectus Abdominis: 190 vs. 115%, Rectus Femoris: 69.8 vs. 59.9%, External Oblique: 115 vs. 69.0%). Greater vertical ground reaction forces, hip moment, hip power, knee power, and muscle activity of the vastus lateralis, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, and external oblique suggest the FB provides biomechanical and physiological mechanisms for training gains over the SB for 30% of 1-repetition maximum loads.
Similar Muscular Adaptations in Resistance Training Performed Two Versus Three Days Per Week
Authors: Lasevicius Thiago , Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Grgic Jozo , Laurentino Gilberto , Tavares Lucas Duarte , Tricoli Valmor
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the present study was to compare changes in muscle strength and hypertrophy between volume-equated resistance training (RT) performed 2 versus 3 times per week in trained men. Thirty-six resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups: a split-body training routine (SPLIT) with muscle groups trained twice per week (n = 18) over four weekly sessions, or a total-body routine (TOTAL), with muscle groups being trained three times per week (n = 18) over three weekly sessions. The training intervention lasted 10 weeks. Testing was carried out pre- and post-study to assess maximal muscular strength in the back squat and bench press, and hypertrophic adaptations were assessed by measuring muscle thickness of the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and quadriceps femoris. Twenty-eight subjects completed the study. Significant pre-to-post intervention increases in upper and lower-body muscular strength occurred in both groups with no significant between-group differences. Furthermore, significant pre-to-post intervention increases in muscle size of the elbow extensors and quadriceps femoris occurred in both groups with no significant between-group differences. No significant pre-to-post changes were observed for the muscle size of elbow flexors both in the SPLIT or TOTAL group. In conclusion, a training frequency of 2 versus 3 days per week produces similar increases in muscular adaptations in trained men over a 10-week training period. Nonetheless, effect size differences favored SPLIT for all hypertrophy measures, indicating a potential benefit for training two versus three days a week when the goal is to maximize gains in muscle mass.
Knee Forces During Landing in Men and Women
Authors: Cleather Daniel J , Czasche Maike B
Published: September 2019

Sex differences in biomechanics may provide one explanation for the greater incidence of knee injuries in women, but few studies have compared internal forces. In this study, a musculoskeletal model was used to compare male and female, bilateral and unilateral landings based on motion capture and force plate data. Participants were classified as landing medially or laterally loaded based upon the mediolateral load share at the knee (bilateral: p < 0.001, η2=0.452; unilateral: p < 0.001, η2 = 0.444). Knee kinematics and ground reaction forces were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05, η2 = 0.001 – 0.059), but there were differences in muscular recruitment. Landing strategy did not appear to be dependent on sex. However, for both medially and laterally loaded bilateral landings men had greater gluteal (p = 0.017, η2 = 0.085) and hamstrings forces (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.183), whereas women had greater quadriceps forces (p = 0.004, η2 = 0.116). This study demonstrates an association between muscular recruitment and medially loaded landings. Landing strategy seems to be a function of skill not sex; however, within a particular landing strategy there may be sex differences in muscular activation that contribute to the difference in injury rates.
Lower-Body Power Relationships to Linear Speed, Change-of-Direction Speed, and High-Intensity Running Performance in DI Collegiate Women’s Basketball Players
Authors: Banda Daveena S. , Beitzel Maria M. , Kammerer Joseph D. , Salazar Isaac , Lockie Robert G.
Published: September 2019

Basketball players need to sprint and change direction, and lower-body power (often measured by jump tests) should contribute. How different jumps relate to linear and change-of-direction (COD) speed, and high-intensity running has not been analyzed in Division I (DI) collegiate women’s basketballers. Twelve players completed the vertical jump (VJ), two-step approach jump (AppJ), and standing broad jump (SBJ). Average (AvgP) and peak power (PeakP), and PeakP: body mass (P:BM) were derived from VJ height; relative SBJ was derived from SBJ distance. Players also completed: 10 m and ¾ court sprints (linear speed), the pro-agility shuttle (COD speed), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1; high-intensity running). Pearson’s correlations (p < 0.05) calculated relationships between the jump and running tests. The AppJ correlated to the ¾ court sprint and pro-agility shuttle (r = -.663 to -.805). AvgP and PeakP correlated to the 10 m sprint, ¾ court sprint, and pro-agility shuttle (r = .589-.766). P:BM and relative SBJ correlated with all running tests (linear and COD speed r = -.620 to -.805; YYIRT1 r = .622.803). The AppJ stresses the stretch-shortening capacities of the legs, and this quality is important for faster linear and COD speed. AvgP and PeakP are influenced by body mass; while larger athletes produce greater power, they also may display slower 10 m sprint and pro-agility shuttle times, and lesser YYIRT1 performance. Strength coaches should ensure players can generate high relative power (i.e. P:BM, relative SBJ) for faster linear and COD speed, and high-intensity running.
Influence of Strength and Power Capacity on Change of Direction Speed and Deficit in Elite Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Freitas Tomás T. , Pereira Lucas A. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Arruda Ademir F. S. , Guerriero Aristide , Azevedo Paulo H. S. M. , Loturco Irineu
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of maximum strength and power levels on change of direction (COD) ability and deficit in elite soccer and rugby players. Seventy-eight elite athletes (soccer, n = 46; rugby, n = 32) performed the following assessments: squat and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ), 1 repetition-maximum in the half-squat exercise (HS 1RM), peak power (PP) in the jump-squat exercise, and 20-m linear sprint and Zigzag COD tests. Utilizing the median split analysis, athletes were divided into two groups according to their HS 1RM and PP JS (e.g., higher and lower HS 1RM and higher and lower PP JS). The magnitude-based inference method was used to analyze the differences between groups in the physical performance tests. Athletes in the high strength and power groups outperformed their weaker and less powerful counterparts in all speed and power measurements (i.e., 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint velocity, Zigzag COD speed, and CMJ and SJ height). In contrast, stronger and more powerful athletes displayed greater COD deficits. The present data indicate that players with superior strength-power capacity tend to be less efficient at changing direction, relative to maximum sprinting speed, despite being faster in linear trajectories. From these results, it appears that current strength and power training practices in team-sports are potentially not the “most appropriate” to increase the aptitude of a given athlete to efficiently utilize his/her neuromuscular abilities during COD maneuvers. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether more multifaceted training programs are effective in decreasing COD deficits.
Probing for Informal Work Activity
Authors: Abraham Katharine G. , Amaya Ashley
Published: September 2019

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is the source of official US labor force statistics. The wording of the CPS employment questions may not always cue respondents to include informal work in their responses, especially when providing proxy reports about other household members. In a survey experiment conducted using a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk respondents, additional probing identified a substantial amount of informal work activity not captured by the CPS employment questions, both among those with no employment and among those categorized as employed based on answers to the CPS questions. Among respondents providing a proxy report for another household member, the share identifying additional work was systematically greater among those receiving a detailed probe that offered examples of types of informal work than among those receiving a simpler global probe. Similar differences between the effects of the detailed and the global probe were observed when respondents answered for themselves only among those who had already reported multiple jobs. The findings suggest that additional probing could improve estimates of employment and multiple job holding in the CPS and other household surveys, but that the nature of the probe is likely to be important.
Correlates of Representation Errors in Internet Data Sources for Real Estate Market
Authors: Beręsewicz Maciej
Published: September 2019

New data sources, namely big data and the Internet, have become an important issue in statistics and for official statistics in particular. However, before these sources can be used for statistics, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of sources of nonrepresentativeness.

In the article, we focus on detecting correlates of the selection mechanism that underlies Internet data sources for the secondary real estate market in Poland and results in representation errors (frame and selection errors). In order to identify characteristics of properties offered online we link data collected from the two largest advertisements services in Poland and the Register of Real Estate Prices and Values, which covers all transactions made in Poland. Quarterly data for 2016 were linked at a domain level defined by local administrative units (LAU1), the urban/rural distinction and usable floor area (UFA), categorized into four groups. To identify correlates of representation error we used a generalized additive mixed model based on almost 5,500 domains including quarters.

Results indicate that properties not advertised online differ significantly from those shown in the Internet in terms of UFA and location. A non-linear relationship with the average price per m2 can be observed, which diminishes after accounting for LAU1 units.
Imprecise Imputation: A Nonparametric Micro Approach Reflecting the Natural Uncertainty of Statistical Matching with Categorical Data
Authors: Endres Eva , Fink Paul , Augustin Thomas
Published: September 2019

Statistical matchingis the term for the integration of two or more data files that share a partially overlapping set of variables. Its aim is to obtain joint information on variables collected in different surveys based on different observation units. This naturally leads to an identification problem, since there is no observation that contains information on all variables of interest.

We develop the first statistical matching micro approach reflecting the natural uncertainty of statistical matching arising from the identification problem in the context of categorical data. A complete synthetic file is obtained by imprecise imputation, replacing missing entries bysetsof suitable values. Altogether, we discuss three imprecise imputation strategies and propose ideas for potential refinements.

Additionally, we show how the results of imprecise imputation can be embedded into the theory of finite random sets, providing tight lower and upper bounds for probability statements. The results based on a newly developed simulation design–which is customised to the specific requirements for assessing the quality of a statistical matching procedure for categorical data–corroborate that the narrowness of these bounds is practically relevant and that these bounds almost always cover the true parameters.
Supplementing Small Probability Samples with Nonprobability Samples: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Sakshaug Joseph W. , Wiśniowski Arkadiusz , Ruiz Diego Andres Perez , Blom Annelies G.
Published: September 2019

Carefully designed probability-based sample surveys can be prohibitively expensive to conduct. As such, many survey organizations have shifted away from using expensive probability samples in favor of less expensive, but possibly less accurate, nonprobability web samples. However, their lower costs and abundant availability make them a potentially useful supplement to traditional probability-based samples. We examine this notion by proposing a method of supplementing small probability samples with nonprobability samples using Bayesian inference. We consider two semi-conjugate informative prior distributions for linear regression coefficients based on nonprobability samples, one accounting for the distance between maximum likelihood coefficients derived from parallel probability and non-probability samples, and the second depending on the variability and size of the nonprobability sample. The method is evaluated in comparison with a reference prior through simulations and a real-data application involving multiple probability and nonprobability surveys fielded simultaneously using the same questionnaire. We show that the method reduces the variance and mean-squared error (MSE) of coefficient estimates and model-based predictions relative to probability-only samples. Using actual and assumed cost data we also show that the method can yield substantial cost savings (up to 55%) for a fixed MSE.
Monte Carlo study on the gold and gadolinium nanoparticles radio-sensitizer effect in the prostate 125I seeds radiotherapy
Authors: Ghasemi-Jangjoo Amir , Ghiasi Hosein
Published: September 2019

Monte Carlo and TL dosimetry applied to the characterization of 125I brachytherapy with a different design with other 125I seeds. In a water phantom, lattice configuration simulated with 125I seed in the center and 10 nm gold and gadolinium nan-particle filed voxels. This simulation conducted to the characterization of the nano-particles DEF in low energy and prostate tissue. To study of the prostate brachytherapy, a humanoid computational phantom developed by CT slices applied. KTMAN-2 computational phantom contains 29 organs and 19 skeletal regions and was produced from cross-sectional x-ray computed tomography (CT slices) images. The simulated seed was 125I seed having an average energy of 28.4 keV for photons, a half-life of 59.4 days. DEF factor in the seed radiation energy (28.4 keV) DEF factor was found to be two times higher for the gold nano-particles. It was revealed than gold-nano-particles posing Z about 1.24 times higher than gadolinium led to around 200% DEF increasing in the same conditions and the nano-particles size. It was concluded that in low energy sources brachytherapy, photoelectric is dominant in the presence of relative high element nanoparticles. This leads to a high dose increasing in some micro-meters and causes a dramatic dose gradient in the vicinity of a nano-particle. This dose gradient effectively kills the tumor cells in continuous low energy irradiation in the presence of a high Z material nano-scaled particle. Application of gold nano-particles in low energy brachytherapy is recommended.
Heat of Combustion as the Key Fire Characteristics of Electrical Cables
Authors: Martinka Jozef , Rantuch Peter , Hladová Martina , Sulová Janka , Nečas Aleš , Benko Denis , Balog Karol
Published: September 2019

This scientific study deals with investigation of the heat of combustion and effective heat of combustion of selected electrical cables. Two different electrical cables for rated voltage of 0.6/1 kV were investigated. Both cables were power three-core with cross-section area of each core of 1.5 mm2. The cores of both cables were made of a bar cooper wire. Insulations of conductors of both cables were made of silane cross-linked polyethylene without any inorganic filler, while the bedding and outer sheath were made of polyethylene-based copolymer (the beddings were filled with two fillers - aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, while the outer sheath were filled only with aluminium hydroxide). Reaction to fire class of both cables was B2ca, s1, d0, a1. The main difference in the investigated cables was that the core of one of them was wrapped in a glass mica tape (this cable showed circuit integrity maintenance under fire conditions during 180 minutes). The heat of combustion and effective heat of combustion were determined by the oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the ISO 1716:2018 standard. The highest effective heat of combustion showed the insulation of wires (for both cables 42.47 ± 0.03 MJ/kg), lower value showed outer sheath (interval form13.61 to 15.26 MJ/kg) and the lowest value was determined for bedding (interval from 4.69 to 6.39 MJ/kg). The effective heath of combustion per unit of length of both investigated cables lies in the interval from 1.37 to 1.38 MJ/m. Therefore, there is no significant difference in effective heats of combustion of the electrical cables investigated.
Safety Concern of Nanomaterials
Authors: Bartošová Alica , Nikolaevna Ivanova Tatyana
Published: September 2019

Nanomaterials are sure to take an important part in shaping the 21st century. Nevertheless, their increasing application in many fields of the industry also turns attention to the impact on health and environment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to fully understand the influence of nanoparticles on the environment and the relevant safety issues.

The aim of the present review is to characterise the current state of regulation and legislation of nanomaterials, as well as the factors of safety assessment and their toxicity.
Institutional Efficiency, Entrepreneurship, and the Premises of Economic Development in the Eastern European Countries
Authors: Ignatov Augustin
Published: September 2019

The development gap between the “Old” and “New” member countries of the European Union is an important problem challenging the efficiency and strength of the European single market. In this regard, a subsequent question arises: which actions in the policy making must be undertaken, by both national and supranational authorities, to stimulate cohesion in the EU and which directions should be followed? The present paper tries to answer this question considering the perspective of the Eastern European nations and their economic development premises analysing the aspects of governmental participation in the economy and the influence of entrepreneurship upon long run competitiveness. The research results explicitly underline that entrepreneurship in the Eastern European nations is a determinative driver of long-term economic competitiveness due to its favourable impact upon the formation of human capital, enhancement of innovation potential and overall intellectual resources of nations. The effects of governmental participation in the economy upon the economic growth premises are heterogeneous including on the formation of physical and intellectual capital. Consequently, it was reached the conclusion that the Eastern European Nations should prioritise entrepreneurship since it is capable of boosting human capital creation and, at the same time, they should improve the institutional quality to minimise the factors undermining the business including corruption and red-tape, etc. In such a way, the Eastern European countries can overcome, in the long run, the development gap with the Western EU states and raise their economic potential.
Identifying Key Fraud Indicators in the Automobile Insurance Industry Using SQL Server Analysis Services
Authors: Benedek Botond , László Ede
Published: September 2019

Customer segmentation represents a true challenge in the automobile insurance industry, as datasets are large, multidimensional, unbalanced and it also requires a unique price determination based on the risk profile of the customer. Furthermore, the price determination of an insurance policy or the validity of the compensation claim, in most cases must be an instant decision. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify an easily usable data mining tool that is capable to identify key automobile insurance fraud indicators, facilitating the segmentation. In addition, the methods used by the tool, should be based primarily on numerical and categorical variables, as there is no well-functioning text mining tool for Central Eastern European languages. Hence, we decided on the SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) tool and to compare the performance of the decision tree, neural network and Naïve Bayes methods. The results suggest that decision tree and neural network are more suitable than Naïve Bayes, however the best conclusion can be drawn if we use the decision tree and neural network together.
Industrial Sector Growth, Macroeconomic Performance, and Corruption in the Sub Sahara Africa
Authors: Atanda Oyerinde Adewale
Published: September 2019

The study investigates the impacts of macroeconomic performance and corruption on the industrial growth of the SSA. The industrial sector is seen as the engine of the economic development of any country and hence policies that will promote the growth of the sector cannot be over emphasized. The study investigated effects of macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, economic growth, inflation rate and unemployment rate as measures of economic performance in the SSA on the industrial sector growth. Also quality of institutions effects on industrial sector is investigated using control of corruption as proxy. The preliminary diagnostic results show that Panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags P-ARDL is appropriate for the estimation and the results show that both macroeconomic performance and corruption have significant impacts of the industrial sector growth in SSA. However, an exchange rate that will encourage domestic production, minimum inflation, and unemployment rates, will guarantee sustainable growth in the industrial sector, while tightening grip on control of corruption.
The Consequences of Shadow Economy and Corruption on Tax Revenue Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi
Published: September 2019

Shadow economy and corruption are the two harmful activities that do not work in the favour of tax revenue performance. As a result it renders an effective government incapacitated and unable to carry out its social responsibilities. This study considers the effect of the informal economy and graft on tax revenue performance in Nigeria using secondary data that cover a period from 1996 to 2018. This period has been covered by the corruption perception index captured by the Transparency International for Nigeria. Despite the theoretical approaches available in measuring the size of the shadow economy, the ordinary least squares technique is specifically used to perform the multi-regression analysis to arrive at the empirical results which indicate that both the shadow economy and corruption have negative influences on tax revenue performance in Nigeria, although the negative impact of corruption on tax revenue is more robust and significant. Thus, the study suggests among others that the government should step up action against corruption and also address the root causes of shadow economy in order to make the participants of the informal sector willing to formalize their businesses and voluntarily comply with tax payment obligations.
On Partitions and Periodic Sequences
Authors: Paštéka Milan
Published: September 2019

In the first part we associate a periodic sequence with a partition and study the connection the distribution of elements of uniform limit of the sequences. Then some facts of statistical independence of these limits are proved.
Cryptanalysis of the Columnar Transposition Using Meta-Heuristics
Authors: Antal Eugen , Javorka Peter , Hliboký Tomáš
Published: September 2019

The most commonly used methods for solving classical (historical) ciphers are based on global optimization (meta-heuristic methods). Despite the fact that global optimization is a well-studied problem, in the case of classical ciphers, there are still many open questions such as the construction of fitness functions or efficient transformation of the cryptanalysis (breaking attempt) to an optimization problem. Therefore the transformation of a cryptanalytical task to an optimization problem and the choice of a suitable fitness function form an important part of the topic. In this paper, we focus on the simple columnar transposition in depth. Our main contribution is a detailed analysis and comparison of different fitness functions, fitness landscape analysis and solving experiments.
Cryptanalysis of Enhanced More
Authors: Vizár Damian , Vaudenay Serge
Published: September 2019

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) has been among the most popular research topics of the last decade. While the bootstrapping-based, public key cryptosystems that follow Gentry’s original design are getting more and more efficient, their performance is still far from being practical. This leads to several attempts to construct symmetric FHE schemes that would not be as inefficient as their public key counterparts. Unfortunately, most such schemes were also based on (randomized) linear transformations, and shown to be completely insecure. One such broken scheme was the Matrix Operation for Randomization and Encryption (MORE). In a recent paper, Hariss, Noura and Samhat propose Enhanced MORE, which is supposed to improve over MORE’s weaknesses. We analyze Enhanced MORE, discuss why it does not improve over MORE, and show that it is even less secure by presenting a highly efficient ciphertext-only decryption attack. We implement the attack and confirm its correctness.
Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steienernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) from Agricultural Ecosystems in Forest (Polissya) and Forest-Steppe Natural Zones of Ukraine
Authors: Sigareva D. D. , Kovtun А. М. , Kornyushin V. V.
Published: September 2019

A survey for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the Steienernematidae and Heterorhabditidae in soils of different crop types of agricultural lands (household plots, commercial fields) in the forest (Polissya) and forest-steppe (Lisostep) zones of Ukraine was carried out in spring, summer and autumn months from 2016 to 2018. In total, 205 soil samples and 92 live-traps were processed. In addition, 98 samples of soil-living larvae and adults of insect crop pests, including cockchafer beetles, click beetle larvae, darkling beetle larvae, caterpillars of the scoops were collected. It is shown that the EPNs distribution and frequency of occurrence depends on the natural geographical features (regional characteristics) and habitat types. EPNs were found in 46 (15.4 %) out 297 samples. The incidence (% of samples) of the entomopathogenic nematodes, and their diversity varied depending on the location-based sampling, the type of agrocenosis, and the predominant agricultural plant species or typical species-edificators. The proportion of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp., Heterorhabditis spp.) recovery from regions of Lisostep zone was 16.9 %, and 13.6 % from regions of Polissya zone. The highest number among all positive samples was recorded from the apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh., 1803 (10 samples). The least number of positive samples (one sample) was obtained from sweet cherry trees, Prúnus cérasus L., 1753, junipers, Juniperus communis L., 1753, alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., 1753, common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., 1753, and common pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., 1753. The steinernematid nematodes were noticeably dominant over heterorhabditid nematodes: 60.8 % vs 39.2 % respectively. Steinernema spp. is widespread in different regions and plots, whereas Heterorhabditis spp. are common in fruit orchards and coniferous decorative perennial plantings.
Intraspecific Morphological Variation in Free-Living Stages of Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Strongyloididae) Parasitizing Various Mammal Species
Authors: Boyko O. O. , Gugosyan Y. A. , Shendryk L. I. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: September 2019

Strongyloides papillosus Wedl, 1856 is one of the most widespread nematodes parasitic in domestic animals. This species has been recorded on almost all continents of the planet. It parasitizes the small intestine of rabbits, sheep and cattle. At laboratory conditions, this species can also infect guinea pigs. Morphological variability of S. papillosus in relation to host species has not yet been studied. Our research showed that L1 and L2 of S. papillosus reached their maximum size in all parameters in guinea pigs: for L1 — length and width of the body, length of esophagus and intestine; for L2 — width of body and length of intestine. L3 of S. papillosus had statistically reliable differences in almost all parameters (except the length of intestine) when parasitizing goats and rabbits. For L3 the width of the body and the length of the tail end, we determined differences between S. papillosus infecting rabbits and guinea pigs, and also goats and guinea pigs. Male S. papillosus were observed to have statistically reliable differences in all morphological parameters for goats and rabbits, and also for rabbits and guinea pigs. Practically all measurements (except the length of the tail) were larger for S. papillosus in guinea pigs and goats than those in rabbits. Free-living females statistically differed by larger size in goats and rabbits. The smallest dimensions were determined for all free-living stages of S. papillosus in goats (except males). The largest size in most cases was determined for larval stages of S. papillosus in guinea pigs.
AKSARA BATAK DALAM KEBHINNEKAAN NUSANTARA
Authors: Nasoichah Churmatin
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn general, Indonesian people and their cultural complex can be seen as a plural andheterogeneous (diverse) relation at the same time. The Indonesianness (Keindonesiaan) isbegin with diversity in the archipelago. The rapid flow of arrival of other cultures triggered theprocess of acculturation and cultural uniformity. Batak, as one of the ethnic groups, is capableto respond creatively to Hindu-Buddhist influences that coming from outside of the archipelagousing the independence of its local culture which is reflected in the form of Batak alphabet. Theformal form of this script is different from other local scripts, but it has a standardized patternof writing through the use of ina ni surat and anak ni surat which derived from the Pallawa. Themain issue that raised is regarding the form of the diversity contained in Batak alphabet. Theaim is to describe the diversity through the alphabet, as well as to increase the repertoire ofdiversity through diverse scripts. The method used in this study is inductive reasoning throughcomparative studies. As a result, Batak scripts and several other local scripts indicate thediversity of script development that happens due to periods and the conditions in their respectivecommunities. The existence of local scripts also indicate a value of cultural diversity in theIndonesian archipelago.Â AbstrakSecara umum masyarakat Indonesia beserta kompleks kebudayaannya dapat dilihat sebagaisuatu relasi yang bersifat plural (jamak) sekaligus heterogen (aneka ragam). Ke-Indonesia-anberawal dari keberagaman atau kebhinnekaan di Nusantara. Kedatangan arus deras budaya dariluar memicu adanya proses akulturasi budaya dan penyeragaman budaya Nusantara. Bataksebagai suatu etnis yang terdapat di Nusantara, melalui kemandirian budaya lokalnya mampumenanggapi secara kreatif pengaruh Hindu-Buddha yang datang dari luar yang tercermin dalamsalah satunya berupa aksara Batak. Bentuk formal aksara ini berbeda dengan aksara lokal lain,tetapi memiliki pakem/ standar baku dalam hal penulisannya melalui penggunaan ina ni suratdan anak ni surat yang berinduk pada aksara pallawa. Adapun permasalahan utama yangdiajukan berkaitan dengan wujud kebhinnekaan yang terdapat pada aksara Batak. Tujuannyaadalah menggambarkan kebhinnekaan melalui aksara, serta menambah khasanah kebhinnekaanmelalui keragaman aksara. Metode yang digunakan berupa penalaran induktif melalui studikomparatif. Hasilnya, aksara Batak dan beberapa aksara lokal lainnya menunjukkan adanyakebhinnekaan dari perkembangan aksara yang terjadi karena faktor waktu dan kondisi dilingkungannya masing-masing. Adanya beberapa jenis aksara lokal ini juga menunjukkanadanya suatu khazanah keragamanan budaya yang ada di Nusantara.
EKSPLORASI STRUKTURALISME SEMIOTIK TEKS MANGUPA PADA UPACARA ADAT PERNIKAHAN ANGKOLAMANDAILING
Authors: Syahfitri Dian
Published: September 2019

AbstractMangupa is the final stage of Angkola-Mandailing cultural wedding ceremony. The texts ofMangupa are chosen to be explored in this research because the texts are tied with the cultureand contain a lot of cultural expressions. In addition, Mangupa is not only delivered in theform of prose, but also rhythmic poetry. This research is intended to study the poetry within theprocess of Mangupa through semiotics structuralism analysis. Semiotics is the study of sign. Thepurpose of this semiotics structuralism research is to examine literature work as system of sign.Moreover, the sign implies the aesthetic communication devices. The research was conductedby heuristic and hermeneutic reading analysis techniques. Heuristic technique is a reading whichbases on linguistic structuralism or semiotically means bases on convention system of the firstlevel of semiotics. Meanwhile, hermeneutic is a reiterated reading or one that bases on the secondlevel of semiotics. The findings shows that icon consists of 19 words and expressions, index has8 words and expressions, while symbol has 7 expressions and sentences referred to the texts ofMangupa.Â AbstrakMangupa merupakan upacara terakhir dalam pernikahan Angkola Mandailing. Teks mangupadipilih sebagai teks yang dikupas dalam kajian ini karena teks ini terikat dengan budaya danmemiliki banyak ungkapan budaya. Selain itu, Mangupa bukan hanya disampaikan dalamteks prosa, tetapi juga teks puisi yang berirama. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji pantun dalamprosesi mangupa melalui analisis strukturalisme semiotik. Semiotik adalah kajian tanda. Kajianstruktural semiotik bertujuan akan mengungkap karya sastra sebagai sistem tanda. Tanda tersebutmerupakan sarana komunikasi yang bersifat estetis. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisispembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Pembacaan heuristik adalah pembacaan berdasarkanstruktur kebahasaan atau secara semiotik adalah berdasarkan konvensi sistem semiotik tingkatpertama dan pembacaan hermeneutik adalah pembacaan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang(retroaktif) atau berdasarkan sistem semiotik tingkat kedua. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa ikon terdapat sembilan belas kata dan ungkapan, indeks sebanyak delapan kata danungkapan, sedangkan simbol terdapat sebanyak tujuh ungkapan dan kalimat yang mengacu padateks ini.Kata kunci: strukturalisme semiotik, teks Mangupa, upacara adat pernikahan, Angkola-Mandailing
BUDAYA TOLERANSI ORANG BALI DALAM NASKAH KUNO GEGURITAN SUCITA MUAH SUBUDHI
Authors: Purna I Made
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince the earliest time, Indonesian has become a multicultural nation with diverse tribes,traditions, local languages, and religions. Thus, it is necessary to have a local wisdom thatcontains tolerance values and teaches respect towards ethnic diversity. Included in this case islocal wisdom that based on an ancient manuscript. The tolerant lifestyle among religious andethnic differences in Balinese community has been managed in the form of an ancient manuscriptGeguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi. This paper has three objectives: first, to explain the values inthe Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi; second, to describe the actualization form of toleranceimplemented by the Balinese; and third, to expose the functions Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhiin Balinese society. The method used in this study is content analysis. The main process to obtaindata is through ancient manuscripts Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi, related researches andother relevant information. The results shows that tolerance in Bali is performed well. It evenabsorbs cultural elements from various religions and ethnicities in the land of Bali. Tolerancelifestyle can be actualized through traditional organizations and social activities, as well asarranged through the concepts of local wisdom.Keywords: tolerance, religion, multiculture, brotherhood.AbstrakSejak zaman dahulu bangsa Indonesia sudah menjadi bangsa multikultur dengan beragamsuku, tradisi, bahasa daerah dan agama yang berbeda-beda. Untuk itu diperlukan kearifanlokal yang mengandung nilai-nilai toleransi dan saling menghargai atas keberagaman etnis.Termasuk dalam hal ini kearifan lokal yang bersumber dari naskah kuno. Pengelolaan polahidup toleran antara penganut yang berbeda agama maupun etnis pada masyarakat Bali sudahdituangkan dalam bentuk naskah kuno Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi. Tulisan ini mempunyaitiga tujuan: Pertama, memaparkan nilai-nilai dalam lontar Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi;kedua, memaparkan tentang bentuk aktualisasi toleransi yang dilaksanakan oleh Orang Bali;ketiga, memaparkan fungsi Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi dalam masyarakat Bali. Metodeyang digunakan adalah analisis isi (content analysis). Proses pengambilan data yang utamamelalui naskah kuno Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi dan hasil penelitian serta informasi yangrelevan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa toleransi di Bali berjalan baik. Bahkansaling menyerap unsur budaya yang dibawa dari berbagai agama dan etnik yang ada di tanahBali. Hidup toleransi dapat diaktualisasikan pembuktianya melalui organisasi tradisional, dankegiatan sosial, serta ditata melalui konsep-konsep kearifan lokal.Kata Kunci: toleransi, agama, multikultural, nyama
PENGGUNAAN PENGETAHUAN METAKOGNITIF PADA KOMPETENSI INTI SISWA SMA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA
Authors: Zulyanty Marni
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKMetakognisi merupakan hal yang penting dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Pengetahuan metakognitif merupakan komponen dari metakognisi. Seseorang akan dipandu untuk memilih, mengevaluasi, meninjau kembali, dan memutuskan tugas kognitif dengan pengetahuanmetakognitif. Di Indonesia pengetahuan metakognitif merupakan salah satu jenis pengetahuan yang harus diperoleh oleh siswa SMA. Hal ini termuat dalam Kompetensi Inti SMA mata pelajaran matematika. Dalam proses pembelajaran matematika, memecahkan masalah merupakan salah satu standar proses yang harus ada. Hubungan pengetahuan metakognitif dan pemecahan masalah matematika adalah pengetahuan metakognitif dapat membantu siswa menentukan umpan balik saat memecahkan masalah dan umpan balik tersebut memberikan kesempatan untuk mencari kembali tindakan yang lebih tepat dari sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hubungan antara pengetahuan metakognitif dalam memecahkan masalah matematika tersebut, maka peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan judul â€œPenggunaan Pengetahuan Metakognitif pada Kompetensi Inti Siswa SMA dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematikaâ€. Tujuannya untuk memberikan deskripsi penggunaan pengetahuan metakognitif dalam memecahkan masalahmatematika. Penelitian dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester III UIN STS Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deksriptif. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti dan instrumen pendukung adalah lembar pemecahan masalah dan pedoman wawancara. Dari hasilpenelitian disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan metakognitif membantu seseorang mengetahui kebenaran dan kesalahan yang dilakukan dalam memecahkan masalah. Selain itu juga membantu mengetahui letak kesalahan dalam memecahkan masalah.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PKn MELALUI TUGAS PROYEK BERBANTUAN WEBSITE DI SDN GEGUNUNG KULON, KAB. REMBANG
Authors: - Parlan -
Published: September 2019

Abstrakujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran, mengetahui peningkatan prestasi siswa, dan mendeskripsikan perubahan perilaku siswa dalam pembelajaran PKn melalui tugas proyek berbantuan website. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 Siklus dengan subjek siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Gegunung Kulon, Kabupaten Rembang, semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif komparatif, membandingkan proses dan hasil belajar antara praSiklus, Siklus I dan Siklus II. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan 2 Siklus menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas siswa sampai 86 persen baik. Hasil belajar siswa juga meningkat ditandai Siklus I nilai rata-rata kelas 67,86 dan ketuntasan mencapai 57 persen. Siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas 78,57 dan ketuntasan 86 persen. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa meningkat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran serta ada perubahan perilaku siswa untuk mengikuti pembelajaran PKn melalui tugas proyek berbantuan website yang semula pasif menjadi lebih aktif. Semua siswa berminat dalam melaksakanan tugas dan memperoleh pengalaman yang menyenangkan dalam menjelajah website atau internet.Â AbstractThe objective of this research was to describe learning process, to know how studentsâ€™ learning achievement improve, and to describe the change of student behavior on civics learning through website-assisted project task. The research was done through two cycles, with grade IV students in SD Negeri Gegunung Kulon throughout the second semester of school year 2014/2015 as the subject. Research data analysis was done using descriptive comparative method, comparing the learning process and result between pra-cycle, first cycle and second cycle. The result showed positive increase of studentsâ€™ activities as much as 86 percent. The improvement of studentsâ€™ learning achievement in cycle I could be seen by the class average grade of 67,86 and mastery learning of 57 percent, while in cycle II the class average grade was 78,57 and mastery learning of 86 percent. The conclusion was that studentsâ€™ learning activities and achievement improved and there was also a changing in studentsâ€™ behavior in learning civics through website-assisted project task, from passive learning to active learning. Every student showed interest in doing the project and gaining enjoyable experience browsing the internet.
Estimation of the efficiency of the use of «early» valve bronchoblocation at complications after thoracoscopic operations in patients with bullous emphysema
Authors: Drobyazgin E. A. , Chikinev Yu. V. , Litvintsev A. Yu. , Shcherbina K. I. , Khusainov V. F. , Anikina M. S. , Sudovikh I. E.
Published: September 2019

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of «early» (up to 3 days) valve bronchial blocking in the complication of postoperative period in patients with bullous emphysema. MATERIAL AND METHODS. For the period from 2009 to 2017, 32 patients with bullous pulmonary emphysema had a long (more than 3 days) air leakage from the pleural cavity. Depending on the time of the valve bronchial blocker installation, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 group («late» blocking): the valve bronchial blocker was placed later than 3 days after the operation (11 patients); 2 group («early» blocking): the valve bronchial blocker was placed for 2–3 days from the operation (21 patients). RESULTS. During the first two days, air discharge through the pleural drainage was discontinued in 16 patients of the «early» blocking group and in 2 patients of the «late» blocking group (р=0.0022). The duration of air leakage in the «early» blocking group was 1.59 days less (44.91 %) than in patients of the «late» blocking group (р=0.0024). The positive blocking effect was fixed in 85.71 % (18) of the patients of the group with «early» blocking, which was 3.6 times higher than in the patients of the «late» blocking group (р= 0.04). The frequency of repeated intervention in the «early» blocking group was 3.81 times less than in the «late» blocking group (54.54 % vs. 14.28 %) (р=0.08). CONCLUSION. «Early» valve bronchoblocation (performed on the 2–3rd day of the postoperative period) had an indisputable advantage in comparison with bronchial blocking performed at the time of more than 3 days postoperative period, allowing reliably faster lung dilatation and eliminating air discharge through drainage from the pleural cavity, without resorting to repeated interventions, which was important, both for the surgeon and for the patient.
The patency of internal iliac arteries and its role in the development of buttock claudication syndrome in the remote period after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Bedrov A. Ya. , Moiseev A. A. , Belozertseva A. V. , Morozov A. N. , Khubulava G. G. , Pugachenko Yu. A. , Baykova A. V.
Published: September 2019

The OBJECTIVE was to study the patency of the internal iliac artery and its effect to gluteus muscles blood supply and frequency of buttock claudication occurrence in the remote period after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Examination of 37 patients after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair included collection of complaints, anamnesis, making CT scan with contrast and pelvic perfusion tomography. These methods allowed to assess the patency of the prosthesis and iliac arteries, calculate average blood flow rate in buttock muscles and frequency of buttock claudication occurrence depending on the lesion of the internal iliac arteries. RESULTS. Five-year patency of the internal iliac artery was 93 %. In case of passable internal iliac artery, the average blood flow rate in the ipsilateral buttock muscles was authentically higher than the same indicator in groups with stenotic or occlusive lesion of the internal iliac artery and its branches. In case of the disturbed internal iliac artery patency, the frequency of occurrence of the buttock claudication in the same side reached 50 %. CONCLUSION. High five-year internal iliac artery patency after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair attested the necessity of preservation the main blood flow in these arteries during the open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair for the purpose of buttock claudication prevention. The CT scan allowed to evaluate the internal iliac artery patency and the average blood flow rate in the buttock muscles through perfusion tomography method which was necessary for differential diagnosis of the buttock claudication syndrome.