bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Chemical Bridging Constructed by Multifunctional Lewis Acid for Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 17.7%
Authors: Hu Xian‐Gang , Zhao Yi‐Ming , Yang Hongyu , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Liu Chang , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue
Published: February 2023

Single‐wall carbon nanotube/silicon (SWCNT/Si) heterojunction shows appealing potential for use in photovoltaic devices. However, the relatively low conductivity of SWCNT network and interfacial recombination of carriers have limited their photovoltaic performance. Herein, a multifunctional Lewis acid (p‐toluenesulfonic acid, TsOH) is used to significantly reduce the energy loss in SWCNT/Si solar cells. Owing to the charge transfer doping effect of TsOH, the conductivity and work function of SWCNT films are optimized and tuned. More importantly, a chemical bridge is constructed at the interface of SWCNT/Si heterojunction. Experimental studies indicate that the phenyl group of TsOH can interact with SWCNTs through π–π interaction, meanwhile, the oxygen in the sulfonic functional group of the TsOH molecule can graft on the dangling bonds of the Si surface. The chemical bridge structure effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers. The TsOH coating also works as an antireflection layer, leading to a 19% increment of the photocurrent. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.7% is achieved for the TsOH‐SWCNT/Si device, and it also exhibits an excellent stability, retaining more than 96% of the initial efficiency in the ambient air after 1 month.
Interplay Between π‐Conjugated Polymer Donors and Acceptors Determines Crystalline Order of Their Blends and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Yamanaka Kodai , Saito Masahiko , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Saito Hayato , Kim Hyung Do , Ohkita Hideo , Osaka Itaru
Published: February 2023

Crystallinity of π‐conjugated polymer donors as well as acceptors is a crucial factor for boosting the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, in the state‐of‐the‐art OPVs based on nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), π‐conjugated polymers with low crystallinity are typically used and provide high efficiencies. Here, π‐conjugated polymers, named PTzBT and PTzBTE based on thiazolothiazole (TzTz), having similar crystallinity but different aggregation properties are blended with a number of acceptor materials such as PC71BM, IT‐4F, Y6, and Y12 having different aggregation property. Interestingly, whereas PTzBTE with higher aggregation properties forms crystalline structures in the blends regardless of the acceptor material, PTzBT with lower aggregation properties exhibits crystalline structures only when blended with acceptors having higher aggregation properties. Notably, the crystalline order of the materials in the blend films is correlated closely with the OPV performance. This study proposes that the interplay between the polymer donor and acceptor will play a crucial role in determining the crystalline order in the bulk heterojunction systems and thereby high photovoltaic performance.
Phenotypic characterization of disease‐initiating stem cells in JAK2‐ or CALR‐mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Ivanov Daniel , Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Sadovnik Irina , Herrmann Harald , Peter Barbara , Willmann Michael , Greiner Georg , Slavnitsch Katharina , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Rülicke Thomas , Dahlhoff Maik , Hoermann Gregor , Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Eisenwort Gregor , Fillitz Michael , Sliwa Thamer , Krauth Maria‐Theresa , Bettelheim Peter , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Koller Elisabeth , Pfeilstöcker Michael , Gisslinger Heinz , Keil Felix , Kralovics Robert , Valent Peter
Published: February 2023

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cells, disease‐related mutations in certain driver‐genes including JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and a substantial risk to progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Although behaving as stem cell neoplasms, little is known about disease‐initiating stem cells in MPN. We established the phenotype of putative CD34+/CD38− stem cells and CD34+/CD38+ progenitor cells in MPN. A total of 111 patients with MPN suffering from polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, or primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were examined. In almost all patients tested, CD34+/CD38− stem cells expressed CD33, CD44, CD47, CD52, CD97, CD99, CD105, CD117, CD123, CD133, CD184, CD243, and CD274 (PD‐L1). In patients with PMF, MPN stem cells often expressed CD25 and sometimes also CD26 in an aberrant manner. MPN stem cells did not exhibit substantial amounts of CD90, CD273 (PD‐L2), CD279 (PD‐1), CD366 (TIM‐3), CD371 (CLL‐1), or IL‐1RAP. The phenotype of CD34+/CD38− stem cells did not change profoundly during progression to sAML. The disease‐initiating capacity of putative MPN stem cells was confirmed in NSGS mice. Whereas CD34+/CD38− MPN cells engrafted in NSGS mice, no substantial engraftment was produced by CD34+/CD38+ or CD34− cells. The JAK2‐targeting drug fedratinib and the BRD4 degrader dBET6 induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in MPN stem cells. Together, MPN stem cells display a unique phenotype, including cytokine receptors, immune checkpoint molecules, and other clinically relevant target antigens. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic stem cells in MPN and sAML should facilitate their enrichment and the development of stem cell‐eradicating (curative) therapies.
Evolutionary biological perspectives on current social issues of breastfeeding and weaning
Authors: Tsutaya Takumi , Mizushima Nozomi
Published: February 2023

Breastfeeding and weaning are actively studied from evolutionary, medical, and social research perspectives because of their close association with infant mortality, lifetime health, and human population dynamics. Each discipline benefits from an interdisciplinary exchange of knowledge regarding the bases, processes, and consequences of these phenomena. However, current social issues related to breastfeeding and weaning have received little attention from an evolutionary biology perspective. We address this gap by reviewing current social issues related to human breastfeeding and weaning in an evolutionary framework. This approach helps build a conceptual framework with the goal of better understanding ultimate causes of or influences on these current social issues. The six social issues reviewed here fall into three categories: the spatiotemporal constraints of breastfeeding, abuse of breast milk as valuable material, and mismatch in breastfeeding practices. Some of these issues have an evolutionary basis. We analyze the structure of these social issues and discuss their possible solutions in terms of extension of the trade‐off theory in evolutionary biology. Our discussion on the current social issues in breastfeeding and weaning highlights the effectiveness of an approach rooted in evolutionary theory and biological anthropology.
Elsberg syndrome caused by herpes zoster in the sacral region with preceding urinary retention
Authors: Nishiyama Daiki , Yoshimura Satoshi , Shimizuhira Chihiro , Ikeda Nobuhiro , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Sumida Yasuyuki
Published: February 2023

Background

Elsberg syndrome (ES) is an acute‐onset lumbosacral radiculitis with myelitis caused by a herpes virus infection.

Case Presentation

We present a case of a 77‐year‐old woman who was admitted with urinary retention prior to genital rash. The patient was diagnosed with ES and treated with intravenous acyclovir 250 mg every 8 h for 1 week.

Conclusion

Physicians should consider ES in patients with voiding dysfunction, as preceding neurological symptoms may lead to a misdiagnosis. Considering the adverse effects of the antiviral drug, its dosage should be according to the causative virus of the ES as well as the patient's age and medical history.
Non‐Random Island Nucleation in the Electrochemical Roughening on Pt(111)
Authors: Rost Marcel J. , Jacobse Leon , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: February 2023

Many chemical surface systems develop ordered nano‐islands during repeated reaction and restoration. Platinum is used in electrochemical energy applications, like fuel cells and electrolysers, although it is scarce, expensive, and degrades. During oxidation‐reduction cycles, simulating device operation, nucleation and growth of nano‐islands occurs that eventually enhances the dissolution. Preventing nucleation would be the most effective solution. However, little is known about the atomic details of the nucleation; a process almost impossible to observe. Here, we analyze the nuclei‐distance distribution mapping out the underlying atomic mechanism: a rarely observed, non‐random nucleation takes place. Special, preferential nucleation sites that a priori do not exist, develop initially via a precursor and eventually form a semi‐ordered Pt‐oxide structure. This precursor mechanism seems to be general, possibly explaining also the nano‐island formation on other surfaces/reactions.
Computer‐Aided Discovery of Potent Broad‐Spectrum Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Ma Juan , Wang Shenqing , Zhao Chuanfang , Yan Xiliang , Ren Quanzhong , Dong Zheng , Qiu Jiahuang , Liu Yin , Shan Qing'e , Xu Ming , Yan Bing , Liu Sijin
Published: February 2023

Adjuvants stimulate the immune system to vigorously respond to a vaccine. While current adjuvants such as aluminum salts and oil‐in‐water emulsions have been used for decades, they do not generate broad and long‐lasting responses in many vaccines. Consequently, more potent adjuvants are needed. Here, using computer‐aided molecule design and machine learning, we discovered 2 new, broad‐spectrum adjuvants that can boost vaccine responses. Our library containing 46 toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐targeting agonist ligands were assembled on Au nanoparticles. Comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies showed both leads promoted dendritic cell activation via multiple TLRs and enhanced antigen presentation to T cells. When used together with tumor‐specific antigens to immunize mice against B16‐OVA melanoma and 4T1‐PD1 breast cancer, both adjuvants unleashed strong immune responses that suppressed tumor growth and lung metastases. Our results show computer‐aided design and screening can rapidly uncover potent adjuvants for tackling waning immunity in current vaccines.
A Double‐Walled Tetrahedron with AgI4 Vertices Binds Different Guests in Distinct Sites**
Authors: Clark Samuel E. , Heard Andrew W. , McTernan Charlie T. , Ronson Tanya K. , Rossi Barbara , Rozhin Petr , Marchesan Silvia , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: February 2023

A double‐walled tetrahedral metal‐organic cage assembled in solution from silver(I), 2‐formyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine, halide, and a threefold‐symmetric triamine. The AgI4X clusters at its vertices each bring together six naphthyridine‐imine moieties, leading to a structure in which eight tritopic ligands bridge four clusters in an (AgI4X)4L8 arrangement. Four ligands form an inner set of tetrahedron walls that are surrounded by the outer four. The cage has significant interior volume, and was observed to bind anionic guests. The structure also possesses external binding clefts, located at the edges of the cage, which bound small aromatic guests. Halide ions bound to the silver clusters were observed to exchange in a well‐defined hierarchy, allowing modulation of the cavity volume. The principles uncovered here may allow for increasingly more sophisticated cages with silver‐cluster vertex architectures, with post‐assembly tuning of the interior cavity volume enabling targeted binding behavior.
Sn Anodes Protected by Intermetallic FeSn2 Layers for Long‐lifespan Sodium‐ion Batteries with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency of 93.8 %
Authors: Chen Ming , Xiao Ping , Yang Ke , Dong Boxu , Xu Dong , Yan Changyu , Liu Xuejiao , Zai Jiantao , Low CheeTong John , Qian Xuefeng
Published: February 2023

With a theoretical capacity of 847 mAh g−1, Sn has emerged as promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, enormous volume expansion and agglomeration of nano Sn lead to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. Herein, an intermetallic FeSn2 layer is designed via thermal reduction of polymer‐Fe2O3 coated hollow SnO2 spheres to construct a yolk‐shell structured Sn/FeSn2@C. The FeSn2 layer can relieve internal stress, avoid the agglomeration of Sn to accelerate the Na+ transport, and enable fast electronic conduction, which endows quick electrochemical dynamics and long‐term stability. As a result, the Sn/FeSn2@C anode exhibits high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE=93.8 %) and a high reversible capacity of 409 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1500 cycles, corresponding to an 80 % capacity retention. In addition, NVP//Sn/FeSn2@C sodium‐ion full cell shows outstanding cycle stability (capacity retaining rate of 89.7 % after 200 cycles at 1 C).
Fabrication and characterizations of degradable PVC/PLA‐HAp ultrafiltration membrane with enhanced antifouling properties
Authors: Shokri Elham , Khanghahi Bita , Effati Elham
Published: February 2023

Degradable membranes were obtained by blending of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with poly lactic acid (PLA) as biodegradable polymer. The effect of the amount of PLA from 10 to 30 wt% on the PVC membrane properties was investigated. The PVC/PLA(80/20) membrane exhibited higher porosity, water uptake and pure water flux than other fabricated membranes. The PVC/PLA(80/20) membrane in TGA results showed that lower temperature required to decompose the membrane in compare of neat PVC membrane. The effect of the amount of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from 0.0 to 3.0 wt% on the PVC/PLA(80/20) membrane structural and antifouling properties was investigated. With the increase in the amount of the HAp up to 2.5 wt%, membrane porosity, hydrophilicity and pure water flux increased. PVC/PLA(80/20)‐2.5 membrane showed higher surface roughness in compare of neat PVC and PVC/PLA(80/20) blended membrane, resulting in higher antifouling properties. Also in the SEM images, embedding the HAp causes to suppress the macrovoids in the cross section of membrane with a higher number of surface pores, which also had lower pore diameter.The humic acid rejection ratios of all PVC/PLA‐HAp nanocomposite membranes were higher than 87%; and all the nanocomposite membranes exhibited higher reversible fouling ratios (RFRs) than the neat PVC membrane.
Improved interfacial shear strength in carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composite via a novel two‐component waterborne polyurethane sizing agent
Authors: Liu Feng , Lu Chunxiang , Sun Tongqing
Published: February 2023

The rise of continuous carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites has put forward higher requirements for the tailoring of thermoplastic composite interphase. In this work, a novel two‐component waterborne polyurethane (WPU) sizing agent was prepared to improve the interfacial strength of CF/PA6 composite. One of the components was carboxyl terminated polyurethane, the other one was blocked isocyanate. Both of the components were designed to react with the CF surface, as well as the matrix resin during composite fabrication. This sizing agent with excellent storage stability was homogeneously coated on CF surface, introducing abundant reactive groups and improving the CF surface energy remarkably. A linear regression method was applied to determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) from the micro‐droplet test. Results showed that the IFSS of the WPU sized CF increased to 51.8 MPa, which was 22% and 47% higher than that of the unsized and epoxy‐compatible sized CF, respectively. That value was also higher than that of the same materials reported in literature. This sizing agent provides a promising method for improving the interfacial strength of thermoplastic composites.
Theories and implications for centering Indigenous and queer embodiment within sociotechnical systems
Authors: Wagner Travis L. , Marsh Diana , Curliss Lydia
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the role of Indigenous and queer embodiment in understanding the current limitations of sociotechnical systems as they relate to cultural heritage institutions. Through the utilization of a critical case study the paper highlights the ways in which the ideologies of colonialism and cisnormativity render Indigenous and queer identities invisible within cultural heritage institutions. In particular, the case studies highlight information organization, archival description, and cataloging as sites of ideological reinforcement for colonialism and gender binaries. In response, the paper identifies methods for not only naming such normative ideologies, but actionable ways to challenge such inequities through community‐led, Indigenous, and queer affirming descriptive practices. Additionally, the paper attends to the way findings impact other historically marginalized identities and theorize methods for confronting such inequities within sociotechnical systems more broadly.
Digitaler Zwilling Baustelle – Baustellenüberwachung zur automatisierten Zeit‐ und Kostenkontrolle
Authors: Schlenger Jonas , Pfitzner Fabian , Braun Alexander , Vilgertshofer Simon , Borrmann André
Published: February 2023

Die Baustellenüberwachung ist heutzutage ein überwiegend manueller Prozess, bei dem die Ereignisse auf der Baustelle von Baustellenpersonal händisch dokumentiert werden. Diese ineffizienten, nicht mehr zeitgemäßen Arbeiten resultieren in einem erheblichen Zeit‐ und Kostenaufwand und einer hohen Fehleranfälligkeit. Demgegenüber bieten die rasanten Entwicklungen der Informationstechnik vielseitige Möglichkeiten, mit z. B. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Monitoring, Kameras und Laserscannern Daten in Echtzeit zu erfassen und auszuwerten. Die Baustelle kann durch einen Digitalen Zwilling widergespiegelt werden, welcher die enormen Mengen an Rohdaten strukturiert abspeichert und verwaltet. Um aus der Masse an Rohdaten Informationen und Unternehmenswissen zu generieren, sind u. a. verschiedene AI‐gestützte Verarbeitungsmethoden notwendig. Das Potenzial, mithilfe dieser Informationen eine voll automatisierte Baustellenüberwachung umzusetzen, ist unbestreitbar. Eine präzise, maschinelle Erfassung von Eckdaten der Bauprozesse, wie Prozessbeginn, Prozessende und verwendete Ressourcen, wird zukünftig ein essenzielles Fundament zur Optimierung der Baustelle bilden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet den aktuellen Stand der Technik im Bereich computergestützte Baustellenüberwachung und präsentiert darüber hinaus Erkenntnisse, die beim Monitoring von mehreren Baustellen gesammelt wurden.
Antiproliferative Effect of Essential Oil Obtained from Oregano (Lippia palmeri S. Watson) Leaves Grown in Hydroponics and LED Light
Authors: Bringas‐Burgos Brando Fabián , Martínez‐Robinson Karla Guadalupe , Toledano‐Magaña Yanis , García‐Ramos Juan Carlos , Ovando‐Martínez Maribel , López‐Elías Jesús
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, light‐emitting diodes (LED) provide an alternative source to sunlight with specific intensity and wavelength that promotes plant growth. The features offered by LED could also stimulate the production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. This work analyzed the cultivation of oregano (Lippia palmeri S. Watson) in a floating root hydroponic system supplemented by full‐spectrum LED artificial light. Growth indicators like height, diameter, number of shoots, and leaf length and width were measured. The essential oil (EO) composition from the leaves of wild and hydroponic conditions found thymol (41.8 %) as the main product for the former and carvacrol (47 %) in hydroponics. The antiproliferative activity of EOs on human colorectal cancer HCT‐15 shows that 6.4 μg/ml for hydroponic and 7.4 μg/ml for the wild plant reduce more than 50 % the cell viability. Overall, this study indicates that hydroponic conditions and full spectrum LED modifies the composition of the EO of L. palmeri on compared with the wild plant, which effectively induces cell growth inhibition in human colorectal cancer.
Impact of calcified nodule on target lesion failure after stent implantation in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Matsuhiro Yutaka , Nakamura Daisuke , Dohi Tomoharu , Ishihara Takayuki , Okamoto Naotaka , Mizote Isamu , Mano Toshiaki , Nishino Masami , Sakata Yasushi
Published: February 2023

Background

Little is known about intravascular imaging predictors of cardiac events after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to reveal the association between calcified nodules (CN) and target lesion failure (TLF) in HD patients after DES implantation.

Methods

We enrolled 114 HD patients who underwent DES implantation between October 2016 and October 2020. The patients were divided into a CN group (39%, 44 patients) and a non‐CN group (61%, 70 patients). The primary endpoint was the incidence of TLF, including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization.

Results

HD duration was longer, and the calcium burden was higher in the CN group than in the non‐CN group. Over a median follow‐up of 607 days [interquartile range: 349–965 days], the cumulative incidence curve showed that the CN group had a significantly higher incidence of TLF than the non‐CN group (31.8% vs. 11.4% within 3 years, p = 0.008).　On Fine‐Gray sub‐distribution hazard model analysis, the CN group was associated with an increased rate of TLF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–6.75, p = 0.016). An in‐stent CN was observed in 73% of the lesions with target lesion revascularization in the CN group, whereas no in‐stent CN was observed in the non‐CN group (p = 0.026).

Conclusions

CN was an independent predictor of TLF in patients undergoing HD. In‐stent CN was an important cause of TLF after DES implantation in CN lesions in HD patients; therefore, a different strategy should be considered for treating the lesions.
A case of COVID‐19‐related necrotic nasal ulceration
Authors: Angelou Dimitrios , Calder Nicholas
Published: February 2023

We are reporting a case of a COVID‐19‐related necrotic nasal ulcer. All other common etiologies were excluded after a full round of investigations. Even though COVID‐19 has been known to cause skin ulcers via different mechanisms, this is the first nasal ulcer to be reported in the current literature.
Chemotherapy‐induced leukopenic septic shock treated with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report
Authors: Hoshino Atsumi , Ichiba Shingo , Ishikawa Junya , Seino Yusuke , Yoshida Takuo , Sato Nobuo , Nomura Takeshi
Published: February 2023

We present a case of chemotherapy‐induced leukopenic septic shock treated with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO). Although the indication for VA‐ECMO for septic shock in immunosuppressed states remains controversial, her relatively young age and a slightly increasing leukocyte count led to VA‐ECMO induction and resulted in recovery.
Decreasing tobacco use promotes ulcer healing in a patient with Buerger's disease
Authors: Jaroonwanichkul Sandra , Hall John C.
Published: February 2023

Tobacco cessation remains the mainstay treatment for Buerger's Disease; however, limited research exists examining the effect of decreased tobacco use rather than cessation in improving symptoms. We describe a case of a patient with Buerger's disease who experienced ulcer healing and pain improvement through reduced tobacco use.
CuCr Bimetallic Catalyst for Selective Electrooxidation of Ammonia at Room Temperature
Authors: Cleetus Annie , Teller Hanan , Schechter Alex
Published: February 2023

In an effort to attain a low‐cost, energy‐efficient, and non‐noble electro‐catalyst that selectively oxidises ammonia to nitrogen at room temperatures, bimetallic carbon‐supported CuxCry (x,y=1–9) catalysts were prepared and found to be more active than elemental Cu and Cr towards ammonia oxidation (AOR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements revealed an increase in activity with Cu content. Peak current density of 90 % Cu catalyst in 0.1 M KOH+0.1 M NH4OH was found to be 22 mA/mg (scan rate=20 mV/s) compared with 14.8 mA/mg for commercial Pt catalyst under the same conditions. Mass spectrometry measurements have identified higher selectivity of this catalyst towards N2 than on Cu alone. Pre‐oxidation of catalyst in 0.1 M KOH (1.1 V vs RHE) was found to improve the activity and stability towards AOR over time. The potential of CuxCry (x, y=1–9) based catalysts for AOR in fuel cells is corroborated.
Sunn hemp biomass accumulation, regrowth, and nutritive value in response to harvest time and cutting height
Authors: Shortnacy Lauren K. W. , Eberle Carrie , Paisley Steve
Published: February 2023

The integrated crop‐livestock systems of the northern High Plains are lacking in annual legumes that meet the nutrient demands of beef cattle when alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is in limited supply. We investigated the biomass accumulation, regrowth biomass, and nutritive value of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in response to initial harvest day and cutting height in irrigated and dryland studies in Wyoming. Net biomass accumulations in 105‐day growing period were 4.4 tons acre−1 under irrigation and 0.7 tons acre−1 in dryland conditions. Initial harvest day after planting (iDAP) affected initial and regrowth biomass accumulation but did not affect net biomass accumulation in irrigated or dryland studies. Regrowth and net biomass accumulations were affected by cutting height in the irrigated study only. Nutritive value concentrations were significantly affected by iDAP in both irrigated and dryland studies. Under irrigation, net nutrient accumulation was not affected by iDAP but was significantly greater with a cutting height of 4.2 inches compared to 2.5‐ and 6‐inch heights. In contrast, the dryland study, net nutrient accumulation was not affected by cutting height but was higher in 55–105 iDAP than 45 iDAP. In the irrigated study, a cutting height of 4.2 inches produced net accumulations higher in both biomass accumulation and nutritive value. In the dryland study a harvest time of 55–105 iDAP produced the highest net accumulation regardless of harvest time or cutting height. Sunn hemp can be harvested once or twice in a 105‐day growing season to produce biomass and essential nutrients for livestock feeding.
Engineering TM1459 for Stabilisation against Inactivation by Amino Acid Oxidation
Authors: Grill Birgit , Pavkov-Keller Tea , Grininger Christoph , Darnhofer Barbara , Gruber Karl , Hall Mélanie , Schwab Helmut , Steiner Kerstin
Published: February 2023

Oxidative alkene cleavage is a highly interesting reaction to obtain aldehydes and ketones. The Mn‐dependent protein TM1459 from Thermotoga maritima can catalyse alkene cleavage of styrene derivatives in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide. Despite the high thermal stability of the enzyme, it gets inactivated during the reaction. The data reported here indicate that auto‐oxidation is responsible for the low stability of TM1459 in the oxidative environment required for the alkene cleavage reaction. By targeting the exchange of residues prone to oxidation, this phenomenon was successfully prevented. Importantly, the stability to oxidation conveyed by the amino acid exchanges led to increased enzyme activity. However, the exchanges resulted in slightly modified positions of two of the four metal‐binding amino acids, thereby strongly impacting metal binding.
Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of SH‐1028 in EGFR T790M‐positive advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients: A dose‐escalation phase 1 study
Authors: He Jing , Ma Pei , Zhao Dongmei , Shi Xinsheng , Guo Renhua , Gao Wen , Shu Yongqian
Published: February 2023

Background

SH‐1028 is a new third‐generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to benefit patients with EGFR T790M‐mutated NSCLC. Here, the authors report its clinical safety, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for the first time.

Methods

Patients with EGFR T790M mutation, locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or metastatic NSCLC who had progressed after previous EGFR TKI therapy were eligible. Patients received SH‐1028 at five oral dose levels (60 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, and 400 mg) once daily until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient withdrawal. The primary end points were the safety, dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum‐tolerated dose (MTD), and PK profile. Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), etc.

Results

Data cut off on December 31, 2020, a total of 20 patients were enrolled during the trial, two of three patients in 300 mg cohort experienced a DLT, and no DLT was observed in 240 mg cohort, 240 mg was determined to be the MTD of SH‐1028. A total of 95.0% (19 of 20) of patients reported treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs), and the incidence of serious adverse events was 20.0% (4 of 20). The ORR and DCR of the 200 mg cohort were 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.41–99.37) and 75.0% (95% CI, 19.41–99.37), respectively. The overall ORR was 40% (95% CI, 19.12–63.95), and DCR was 70.0% (95% CI, 45.72–88.11). According to the PK profile, the dosage regimen for future studies was determined as 200 mg once daily.

Conclusions

SH‐1028 showed a manageable safety and promising antitumor activity in patients with EGFR T790M mutation at the dose of 200 mg once daily.

Plain language summary

Lung cancer has a high morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths in 2020. Non–small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer.

First‐ or second‐generation EGFR TKIs' weak selectivity often led to the occurrence of treatment‐related adverse events, such as interstitial lung disease, rash, diarrhea, etc., along with acquired drug resistance within approximately 1 year.

A dose of 200 mg of SH‐1028 once daily showed a preliminary antitumor activity with manageable safety in patients with EGFR T790M mutation.
Associations of the activity and concentration of carbonic anhydrase VI with susceptibility to dental caries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Mahdi Rania , Al‐Sharani Hesham , Al‐Haroni Mohammed , Halboub Esam
Published: February 2023

Objectives

A number of studies have claimed that carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is associated with dental caries. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to systematically review and analyze the literature on the association of CA VI (in terms of concentration and activity) with dental caries.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant search terms were employed to search the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible publications from inception to August 2022 were included. The relevant records were assessed independently by two reviewers, and a meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results

Out of 237 relevant records from the initial search, 9 met the criteria for this review. The 9 papers, including 477 participants, were qualitatively analyzed. Seven studies with 411 participants (203 caries‐free) were included in the meta‐analysis on CA VI activity, and 2 studies with 141 participants (71 caries‐free) were included in the meta‐analysis on CA VI concentration. The results showed that CA VI activity was significantly higher among participants with caries than their caries‐free counterparts (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.894, 95% confidence interval (CI95%): 0.386 and 1.392; p < 0.001), whereas the CA VI concentration was significantly lower among participants with caries than their caries‐free counterparts (SMD = −0.672, CI95%: −1.011 and −0.332; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis of a relatively small number of studies suggests that the CA VI concentration is lower and CA VI activity is higher in patients with dental caries than in caries‐free individuals; however, further studies are needed to determine the exact role of CA VI in dental caries.
Growth, yield productivity, and oil composition of two Amaranthus species grown under two different environmental conditions in Egypt
Authors: El‐Gendy Abdel Nasser G. , Pistelli Laura , Omer Elsayed A. , Elsayed Shaimaa I. M. , Elshamy Abdelsamed I. , Hendawy Saber F.
Published: February 2023

Amaranthus plants are very rich in nutritional benefits with significant traditional uses especially against inflammations. Herein, the growth productivity, oil quality, and compositions of the two promising novel food resources, Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus tricolor, were evaluated in two different locations in Egypt (El‐Sharkia and El‐Minia) which have different geographical regions. Analyses of geographic positions, climatic data, and soil characteristics of the two locations were evaluated. Plant heights, number of branches/plant, seed yield, and inflorescence length of the two plant species were studied in both locations. Additionally, the seed oil yields along with their gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) profiles were characterized. The findings revealed a significant difference between the two locations, with a strong correlation between the yields and the climate conditions. The two plant species cultivated in El‐Minia showed significant records of overall growth indicators than El‐Sharkia. A worthy variability in the oil yields and composition of El‐Minia samples exhibited higher contents of dry matter in both plants (89.01 and 89.03 g/100 g dry tissues, respectively) than those of El‐Sharkia. Amaranthus caudatus cultivated in El‐Sharkia showed higher lipids components (7.02 g/100 g dry seeds) and saturated (19.13 g/100 g dry seeds) and unsaturated fatty acids (61.32 g/100 g) than those of El‐Minia site. In addition, A. tricolor cultivated in El‐Sharkia contained higher lipids contents (6.87 g/100 g) and unsaturated fatty acids (61.75 g/100 g dry seeds) than El‐Minia with the supremacy of El‐Minia samples in saturated fatty acids (19.03 g/100 g dry seeds). A strong correlation between the lipids and fatty acids of A. caudatus and A. tricolor was determined, and the cultivation locations and conditions were found based upon the GC–MS analysis as well as statistical significance.
Synthesis of ONO‐Ligated Tetrylenes Based on 2,6‐bis(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)pyridines: Influence of Ligand Sterics on the Structure of the Products
Authors: Mankaev Badma N. , Serova Valeriia A. , Syroeshkin Mikhail A. , Akyeva Anna Ya. , Sobolev Alexey V. , Churakov Andrei V. , Lermontova Elmira Kh. , Minyaev Mikhail E. , Oprunenko Yury F. , Zabalov Maxim V. , Zaitsev Kirill V. , Zaitseva Galina S. , Karlov Sergey S.
Published: February 2023

A series of novel tetrylenes based on three 2,6‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridines 4 a–4 c have been obtained by the reaction of Lappert's tetrylenes E[N(SiMe3)2]2 (E=Ge, Sn) with corresponding tridentate pyridine‐linked phenol‐based ligands. It was found that the structure of the ligand and the size of the atom of the group 14 element drastically affect the structure of the reaction product. Ligand 4 c with a bulky tert‐butyl group leads to monomeric tetrylenes, while ligands with less bulky groups lead to bis‐ligand derivatives of M(IV) (M=Ge, Sn) and a coordination polymer. Also, derivatives of germanium (IV) and tin (IV) were obtained by the metathesis reaction of MCl4 (M=Ge, Sn) with lithium phenoxides. The compositions and structures of the novel compounds were established by elemental analysis and 1H, 13C, 119Sn (5–7), 1H DOSY (6) NMR spectroscopy, in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction analysis (germylene 10, stannylene 6, Ge4+ compound 8, Sn4+ compound 7) and 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum of tin complex 6. All the synthesized tetrylenes are monomeric. Tetrylenes 6 and 10 were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. A study of the redox behavior of 6, 10 by cyclic voltammetry on a glassy carbon working electrode in acetonitrile solution of 0.1 M Bu4NPF6 as a supporting electrolyte showed that these compounds can be both oxidized and reduced electrochemically in the accessible potential range.
Regiodivergent Synthesis of 11H‐Indolo[3,2‐c]quinolines and Neocryptolepine from a Common Starting Material
Authors: Håheim Katja S. , Lund Bjarte Aarmo , Sydnes Magne O.
Published: February 2023

A large number of diversely functionalized analogs of the bioactive natural products neocryptolepine and isocryptolepine have been prepared from a series of 3‐bromoquinoline derivatives. The neocryptolepines were obtained by a Pd0‐catalyzed C−C bond coupling followed by C−N bond formation in yields up to 80 %, whereas the indoloquinolines were prepared by a Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling followed by azidation‐photochemical cyclization in yields ranging from traces to 95 % yield.
Enhancement of thermal properties of Al/MoO3 thermite by electrostatic spraying
Authors: Chen Jialin , Li Shutao , Chen Du , Gao Lin , Chen Yeqing , Song Jiaxing
Published: February 2023

To improve the thermal properties of thermite safely and stably, electrostatic spraying was used to prepare the Al/MoO3 thermite. The Al/MoO3 thermites were detected and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal decomposition experiments were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The heat release of the Al/MoO3 thermite prepared by the electrostatic spray (1044 J g−1) is significantly higher than that of the thermite prepared by the ultrasonic (692 J g−1), which is due to more uniform dispersion between Al and MoO3. The initial reaction temperature and activation energy (Ea) of the former keep it steady. Electrostatic spray ensures the safety and stability of the Al/MoO3 thermite. This study provides a new idea for safely and stably improving the thermal properties of thermite by enhancing surface homogenization, which is of great significance for practical applications.
Metal–Organic Framework–Based CoS2 Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Lithium Storage
Authors: Xu Jing , Ye Peng , Cheng Yiwen , Ji Lei , Wei Yingcong , Chen Yuanping
Published: February 2023

Due to their large theoretical capacity, transition metal sulfides are regarded as ideal anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, a number of technical challenges and scientific issues, such as low utilization of active materials and large volumetric expansion, must be addressed before it can be used in practice. Herein, CoS2‐embedded N‐doped carbon polyhedrons are constructed successfully and employed as an efficient anode of LIB. After 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 Ag−1, the optimal CoS2@NC‐400 demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 866.2 mAhg−1, and after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 Ag−1, there is no discernible capacity fading. The excellent electrochemical performance of CoS2@NC‐400 can be attributed to that graphitic N‐doped porous carbon provides a highly conductive framework, which facilitates electron transports and lessens the volume expansion of electrode during charging and discharging. Furthermore, the pyrrolic N‐doped carbon in the CoS2@NC‐400 composite allows for a lower diffusion barrier for Li‐ions in the electrode.
Low temperature sintering lead‐free dielectric xBiScO3‐(1‐x)BaTiO3 for energy storage applications
Authors: Joseph Jincymol , Du Yumeng , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Shujun
Published: February 2023

Fabrication of ceramic capacitors requires technological breakthroughs to address growing concerns regarding sustainability, cost, and increased power consumption in the manufacturing process. Low temperature sintered xBiScO3‐(1‐x)BaTiO3 (BS‐BT) with x = 0.4 is found to possess excellent energy storage performance and temperature stability. The grain size decreases from 3.5 μm sintered at 1100°C to less than 0.5 μm sintered at 800°C, leading to much improved breakdown field and energy storage properties. Recoverable energy density of 4.7 J/cm3 with a high efficiency of 89% was obtained at an electric field of 390 kV/cm, showing an excellent temperature stability over temperature range of 25–200°C and fatigue endurance for more than 105 cycles. Of particular importance is that the ceramic tape cofired with silver electrode over temperature range of 800–850°C shows no reaction and diffusion of silver at the electrode/ceramic interface, while a recoverable energy density of 3.3 J/cm3 was achieved with satisfactory efficiency of 80% at an electric field of 340 kV/cm when sintered in reduced atmosphere, expanding the electrode selection to low‐cost base metal, such as Cu and Ni. This work provides a good paradigm in ceramic capacitor fabrications that will help reduce overall cost and power consumption by utilizing low temperature sintered lead‐free dielectrics with comparable or even superior energy storage properties over state‐of‐the‐art dielectrics.

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Efficient regional seismic risk assessment via deep generative learning of surrogate models
Authors: Li Shanwu , Farrar Charles , Yang Yongchao
Published: February 2023

Efficient regional seismic risk assessment including ground motion prediction and damage risk estimation is needed for emergency response planning. However, a conventional regional assessment suffers from low data‐ and time‐ efficiency as it generally involves a large number of locations and infrastructure systems that have specific soil conditions, and geometric, material, and structural properties, requiring access to large data and massive individual calculations with complicated procedures. To achieve efficient regional seismic risk assessment, this work presents a deep generative learning framework to construct input–output surrogate models of regional seismic risk by learning the underlying complex relation between earthquake source parameters and regional seismic risk involving many locations and structures from data. The learned deep surrogate models directly output the ground motion intensity map and the risk map of a region given earthquake source parameters, circumventing massive individual calculations and data access to individual locations and structures. The presented framework is validated on the bridge network risk assessment using simulated scenario earthquakes of the San Francisco Bay Area. We observe that the obtained deep surrogate models perform well without the need of data access to locations and structures and are time‐efficient. We also discuss the applicability and limitations of the presented framework.
An interpretable BRB model with interval optimization strategy for lithium battery capacity prediction
Authors: Han Peng , Zhao Boying , He Wei , Kong Lingkai , Li Yingmei , Zhou Guohui , Feng Junchen
Published: February 2023

Accurately predicting the capacity of lithium battery is conducive to improving its safety. Affected by complex internal electrochemical reaction and external use conditions, the prediction accuracy is difficult to guarantee; at the same time, the existing prediction methods are unexplainable, resulting in the inability to trace the prediction process. Therefore, a capacity prediction model based on belief rule base with interpretability and interval optimization strategy is proposed in this paper. First, the reasoning process is designed according to interpretability modeling criteria. Second, to achieve a balance of accuracy and interpretability, based on the whale optimization algorithm, a model parameter optimization method using interval optimization strategy is proposed. Finally, through a case study, the model's effectiveness is verified. Comparison with other models shows that the proposed model has certain advantages in accuracy and interpretability.
Health promotion programs for middle‐aged adults that promote physical activity or healthy eating and involve local governments and health services: A rapid review
Authors: Wallbank Geraldine , Voukelatos Alexander , Taki Sarah , Hughes Jessica K. , Gammack Stephen , Pokhrel Ruby , Bedford Karen , Simone Lisa , Wen Li Ming
Published: February 2023

Background

Noncommunicable diseases can be prevented or delayed through health promotion programs. Little is known about programs delivered by partnership organisations that address lifestyle behaviours. The study's purpose was to review the literature on physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs, delivered in partnership by the local government and local health services, to describe characteristics of programs and their impact on physical activity, healthy eating or related health outcomes among middle‐aged adults.

Methods

This rapid review was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022, informed by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods guidance for conducting rapid reviews. Articles published in English since 2000 were identified in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine and Scopus databases. A narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Ten articles involving 19 802 participants were identified from a total of 4847 articles identified from the search. The primary role of the partnership was providing funds. Other roles were facilitating stakeholder involvement, program development, delivery and recruitment. Positive outcomes were likely if programs were developed by collaborative stakeholder partnerships, informed by previous research or a behaviour change framework. The heterogeneity of study designs and reported outcomes did not permit meta‐analysis.

Conclusion

This review highlights the lack of evidence of local government‐health service partnerships delivering physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs for middle‐aged adults. Programs designed collaboratively with an evidence base or a theory base are recommended and can guide future work investigating strategies for partnership development.

So What?

Physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs need early stakeholder collaborative input designed with a theory/evidence base. This can guide future work for investigating strategies for partnership development.
Effect of iron on biological clogging in porous media: Implications for managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Cui Ruijuan , Page Declan , Du Xinqiang , Zhang Hexuan , Ye Xueyan
Published: February 2023

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is increasingly being adopted to improve water security internationally. However, clogging during MAR remains one of the greatest challenges for sustainable operations. This study examines the effects of iron on biological clogging processes using column experiments and suggests management options. The results indicated that the presence of iron limits the transport of bacteria through the column, and that concentrations <10 mg/L are correlated with increased bacterial growth. Conversely, the increased viscosity of biofilm subsequently limits the transport of iron through the column. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that large iron‐Pseudomonas sp. flocs formed which occupied the sand pore spaces. The effect of iron induced chemical clogging was most notable in the initial stage of the experiment while bio‐clogging dominated later. There are many recommended values of iron concentration in water recharge, most of them are advised from the point of pollution perspective. Based on these laboratory results, iron concentrations in recharge water for MAR should be <0.3 mg/L to mitigate clogging effects. Furthermore, using non‐corrodible materials for bore screen and pumps, and avoiding external oxidant inputs should be considered to prevent iron related chemical and biological clogging.