bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four Fragments of the Hebrew Bible from Antinoopolis, P.Ant. 47–50
Authors: Verburg Jelle , Ilan Tal , Joosten Jan
Published: June 2020

An expedition of the Egypt Exploration Society in 1913–14 discovered four fragments of the Hebrew Bible (from the books of Kings and Job). This article presents the first critical edition of the fragments. With a few minor exceptions, the fragments conform to the Masoretic Text. The possible datings of these fragments range from the third to the early eighth centuries ce. Very little is known about the transmission of the text of the Hebrew Bible in the so-called ‘silent’ or ‘dark’ period between the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Cairo Genizah. The fragments also testify to the presence of a Jewish community in Egypt – which was virtually eradicated after the revolt of 115–17 ce. The article gives a brief overview of the extant documentary and epigraphic evidence to reconstruct the forgotten story of Jews at Antinoopolis in Late Antiquity.
Six Coptic Funerary Stelae with the Commemorative Day Formula from the Abou El-Goud Storage Magazine
Authors: Khalil Ahmed T. A.
Published: June 2020

Despite the variety of formulae on Coptic epitaphs, some of them have become a feature of specific districts. The commemorative formula is one of these types, which were commonly used to commemorate the subject of the epitaph. The aim of the present article is to publish six unknown Coptic epitaphs belong to this type of formula and which are now kept in the Abou El-Goud region storage magazine in Luxor. These funerary stelae were not found as a result of specific excavations, but they were in the possession of two persons before the Antiquities Protection Law of 1983.
A strain-pattern-based spherical indentation method for simultaneous uniaxial tensile residual stress and flow property determination
Authors: Zhang Tairui , Guo Jianzhang , Wang Weiqiang
Published: June 2020

In this study, a strain-pattern-based method was proposed to simultaneously determine the uniaxial tensile residual stress and flow property from a single-cycle spherical indentation test. The variation of the plastic zone radius (at the specimen surface) with uniaxial tensile residual stress was analytically investigated by the expanding cavity model. The analysis proved that the circular plastic boundary will be elliptical under the action of uniaxial residual stress (with a shrunken plastic zone radius along the loading direction and an extended plastic zone radius vertical to the loading direction), and this difference can be used to calibrate the magnitude of the residual stress. The analytical result was verified and modified through finite element calculations, after which a set of regression functions for Holloman hardening metals was established for load compensation, proportional limit correction, and hardening exponent calculation. The effectiveness of the method was verified through finite element calculations of spherical indentation tests on 16 Holloman hardening and 6 metals used in engineering applications at different residual stress levels. The verification proved that maximum errors for strength and residual stress calculations are about 10% and 15%, respectively, and the potential of the new proposed method was validated.
On the vibration analysis of coupled transverse and shear piezoelectric functionally graded porous beams with higher-order theories
Authors: Askari Mahmoud , Brusa Eugenio , Delprete Cristiana
Published: June 2020

This investigation aims to perform a detailed natural frequency analysis of functionally graded porous beams integrated with transverse ( d31) and shear ( d15) piezoelectric layers under short circuit and open circuit electrical conditions. It is assumed that the core layer is made of functionally graded materials containing porosities. Due to the existence of internal pores, the mechanical properties of functionally graded materials are considered according to the modified power-law rule which includes the effect of porosity. The distribution of electric potential within the d31 and d15 piezoelectric layers is modeled based on nonlinear variation for both short circuit and open circuit conditions. Employing the classical, the first-order, and the higher-order beam theories incorporated with the virtual work principle as well as Maxwell’s equation, the electromechanical equations of motion are derived. The governing equations are then solved analytically for simply supported boundary condition and a parametric study is presented. After validation of the results, some new interesting conclusions covering the effects of porosity volume fraction, porosity distribution, various piezoelectricity modes, power-law index, and the beam theories on short circuit and open circuit resonance frequencies are reported. It is believed that the presented numerical results could provide a benchmark to check the accuracy of the approximated approaches.
Accurate solution for functionally graded beams with arbitrarily varying thicknesses resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Xu Yepeng , Huang Dan
Published: June 2020

This work presents analytical solutions for bending deformation and stress distributions in functionally graded beams with arbitrarily and continuously variable thicknesses and resting on a two-parameter Pasternak elastic foundation. Based on two-dimensional elasticity theory directly, the general solutions of displacements and stresses which completely satisfy the differential equations governing the equilibrium for arbitrarily varying thickness functionally graded beams are derived for the first time. The undetermined coefficients in the general solution are obtained using Fourier series expansion along the upper and lower surfaces. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified through several typical examples. The effects of mechanical and geometry parameters on the stress and displacement distributions of varying thickness functionally graded beams resting on a two-parameter Pasternak elastic foundation are discussed further.
Households’ Intended Evacuation Transportation Behavior in Response to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in a Cascadia Subduction Zone City
Authors: Chen Chen , Buylova Alexandra , Chand Cadell , Wang Haizhong , Cramer Lori A. , Cox Daniel T.
Published: June 2020

Earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone would generate a local tsunami that could arrive at coastlines within minutes. Few studies provide empirical evidence to understand the potential behaviors of local residents during this emergency. To fill this knowledge gap, this study examines residents’ perceptions and intended evacuation behaviors in response to an earthquake and tsunami, utilizing a survey sent to households in Seaside, OR. The results show that the majority of respondents can correctly identify whether their house is inside or outside a tsunami inundation zone. Older respondents are more likely to identify this correctly regardless of any previous disaster evacuation experience or community tenure. The majority of respondents (69%) say they would evacuate in the event of a tsunami. Factors influencing this choice include age, motor ability, access to transportation, and trust in infrastructure resiliency or traffic conditions. While the City of Seaside actively promotes evacuation by foot, 38% of respondents still state they would use a motor vehicle to evacuate. Females and older respondents are more likely to evacuate by foot. Respondents with both higher confidence in their knowledge of disaster evacuation and higher income are more likely to indicate less time needed to evacuate than others. Generally, respondents are more likely to lead rather than follow during an evacuation, especially respondents who report being more prepared for an evacuation and who have a higher perceived risk. This study showcases a unique effort at empirically analyzing human tsunami evacuation lead or follow choice behavior.
Estimation of the Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed
Authors: Alsharari Abdulmajeed , Asgharzadeh Mohamadamin , Kondyli Alexandra
Published: June 2020

This research aims to examine the effect of incidents with lane closures and adverse weather conditions (medium to heavy rain intensity) on capacity and free-flow speed (FFS) of freeway segments. Data were collected from multiple freeway segments located in the Kansas City, U.S., metro area from 2014 to 2018. The capacity and FFS were measured for two-lane, three-lane, and four-lane freeways under four conditions: ( 1 ) base conditions, ( 2 ) adverse weather only, ( 3 ) incidents only, and ( 4 ) adverse-weather-and-incidents. Capacity adjustment factors (CAF), and speed adjustment factors (SAF) were established to identify the remaining capacity or the FFS reduction during an incident or adverse weather conditions. The findings indicated that medium to heavy rain resulted in a 5% reduction in FFS at three-lane sites which is consistent with the adjustment factors shown in the Highway Capacity Manual 6th edition (HCM6); however, rain was not found to have a significant impact on freeway capacity. It was also found that incidents leading to one-lane closures reduced capacities by 30%, 17%, and 17% at two-lane, three-lane, and four-lane sites, respectively. Incidents were also found to reduce FFS by approximately 5%–10%, possibly because of “rubbernecking.” Adjustment factors that capture the combined effect of incidents and rain on FFS and capacity are also presented.
A Predictive Model for Pediatric Postoperative Respiratory Failure: A National Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Nizamuddin Sarah L. , Gupta Atul , Latif Usman , Nizamuddin Junaid , Tung Avery , Minhaj Mohammed M. , Apfelbaum Jeffrey , Shahul Sajid S.
Published: June 2020

Study Objective:

To identify risk factors for pediatric postoperative respiratory failure and develop a predictive model.

Design:

This retrospective case–control study utilized the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2012 to 2014. Significant predictors were selected, and the predicted probability of pediatric postoperative respiratory failure was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were then calculated, and receiver–operator curves were drawn.

Setting:

National Inpatient Sample data sets from years 2012, 2013, and 2014 were used.

Patients:

Patients aged 17 and younger in the 2012, 2013, and 2014 NIS data sets.

Interventions:

Candidate predictors included demographic variables, type of surgical procedure, a modified pediatric comorbidity score, presence of substance abuse diagnosis, and presence/absence of kyphoscoliosis.

Measurements:

The primary outcome measure was the pediatric quality indicator (PDI 09), which is defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research Quality, and identifies pediatric patients with postoperative respiratory failure.

Main Results:

The incidence of pediatric postoperative respiratory failure in each year’s data set varied from 1.31% in 2012 to 1.41% in 2014. Significant risk factors for the development of postoperative respiratory failure included abdominal surgery ([OR] = 1.92 in 2012 data set, 1.79 in 2013 data set), spine surgery (OR = 7.10 in 2012 data set, 6.41 in 2013 data set), and an elevated pediatric comorbidity score (score of 3 or greater: OR = 32.58 in 2012 data set, 22.74 in 2013 data set). A predictive model utilizing these risk factors achieved a C statistic of 0.82.

Conclusions:

Risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory failure in pediatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery include type of surgery (abdominal and spine) and higher pediatric comorbidity scores. A prediction model based on the identified factors had good predictive ability.
A Systematic Review of Key Factors in the Effectiveness of Multisector Alliances in the Public Health Domain
Authors: Wiggins Bonnie , Anastasiou Kim , Cox David N.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the factors associated with synergistic multisector alliances in the public health domain.

Data Source:

Articles in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar between March 2009 and February 2019 were searched.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

Included alliances had a public health and behavioral focus, were from the public or private sector, and were multipartner and multisector, and from high-income countries. Public health research alliances were included, but clinical research alliances were excluded.

Data Extraction:

Data extraction included alliance description, alliance domain, country, single or multiple alliances, and the sectors included in the alliance. Two theoretical frameworks were used in data extraction.

Data Synthesis:

Data were coded according to 28 factors representing antecedents, management, and evaluation (Parent and Harvey model) and 3 output-specific factors (Bergen model).

Results:

A final 24 papers were included, of which 58% contained synergistic alliances. While almost all factors reportedly enabled synergy, some factors were more frequently associated with synergistic alliances, including clear purpose and positive coordination, information sharing, and evaluation of project outcomes. Complexity within some factors was also reported.

Conclusion:

The theoretical models were supported by the data. Public health alliances would likely benefit from incorporating factors identified as beneficial for synergy and from carefully considering the management of complex factors.
Implementation of the Reimbursement Cost of Human-Milk-Based Neonatal Therapy in Polish Health Care Service
Authors: Wesolowska Aleksandra , Bernatowicz-Lojko Urszula , Sinkiewicz-Darol Elena , Pawlus Beata , Golicki Dominik
Published: June 2020

Background

A human-milk-based diet is the best option for nutritional therapy for preterm and/or sick newborns.

Research aim

The study aims were to restructure the reimbursement rates to hospitals in Poland for infants’ tube feedings to favor the use of donor human milk over formula for newborns who required supplementation of expressed mother’s milk and evaluate the results of the financing change during the first year of implementation (2018).

Methods

Financial data from hospitals were collected (2015–2016) by the Human Milk Bank Foundation using a data sheet designed by the Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System. We used data to restructure the reimbursement rates to hospitals for infants’ tube feedings and implemented the changes in late 2017. The National Health Fund was requested to share reported data in 2018 concerning tube feeding services.

Results

More than half (61%) of NICUs introduced human milk tube feeding for newborns. It was provided to participants ( N = 5,530), most frequently to seriously ill preterm infants (66.6%). Of these infants, 2,323 were fed donor human milk. Only 1,925 newborns received formula tube feeding. However, there were large differences in frequency of services reported among various parts of the country.

Conclusions

Based on our knowledge, Poland is the only European country where the reimbursement cost for human-milk-based nutritional therapy has been implemented in a manner intended to increase the quality of health care services for preterm newborns. Equal reimbursement for expressed mother’s milk and donor milk did not appear to cause overuse of donor milk based on our analysis of the 2018 data.
Practices of Writing in Ethnographic Work
Authors: Schindler Larissa , Schäfer Hilmar
Published: June 2020

Although the practice of writing is key to the production of ethnographic knowledge, the topic remains understudied. Using material from our own ethnographic research in the fields of air travel and cultural heritage as data, we develop a reflexive account of ethnographic writing. We examine in detail the practices of jotting down observations, writing field notes, analytic annotating, ordering and rearranging, and drafting and revising papers. The article takes a praxeological stance, conceptualizing writing as a practice that is simultaneously cognitive, embodied, and material. Our analysis finds that writing influences and shapes all stages of ethnographic work, from orienting perception by setting an appropriate mode of attention to organizing the work itself, e.g., by keeping to-do lists. Writing does not simply communicate ethnographic insights, but—as a result of the activity of texts—it also generates them.
A generalized method for three-dimensional dynamic analysis of a full-vehicle model
Authors: Zhou Guofeng , Wang Yafei , Du Haiping
Published: June 2020

Dynamic performances of the vehicle are significantly influenced by the suspension mechanisms. An understanding of the effects of the suspension kinematics and statics (or, briefly, kinestatics) is crucial to improve the dynamic performances of a vehicle. However, the suspension kinestatics is often neglected in the dynamic analysis. This paper presents a generalized full-vehicle model for the three-dimensional dynamic analysis, which consists of two pairs of the front and rear spatial suspension mechanisms. Each suspension is represented by a corresponding instantaneous screw joint supporting the vehicle body at any instant. The full-vehicle model is viewed to be a 6-degree-of-freedom spatial parallel mechanism. As the spatial parallel mechanism, the kinematics and statics of the full-vehicle model are analysed using the theory of screws. Taking the suspension kinestatics and tyre dynamics into consideration, the dynamic equations of the full-vehicle model are formulated in terms of the Lagrangian equations. As immediate applications, the dynamic behaviours of a vehicle are simulated and evaluated under two different road disturbances, respectively. By comparing with the simulation results from two other widely used methods, it confirms the validity of the theoretical method.
Influence of disease severity and cardiac autonomic tone on ventricular repolarization and dispersion in electrocardiographic assessment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bienias Piotr , Ciurzyński Michał , Kisiel Bartłomiej , Chrzanowska Anna , Kalińska-Bienias Agnieszka , Ciesielska Katarzyna , Saracyn Marek , Lisicka Monika , Radochońska Joanna , Pruszczyk Piotr
Published: June 2020

Background

There are no data on the influence of disease severity and cardiac autonomic tone on ventricular repolarization and dispersion in 24-hour Holter monitoring in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Consecutive 92 SLE and 51 healthy subjects were studied. The standard 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), Holter monitoring with heart rate turbulence (HRT) and QT, Tp-e and Tp-e/QT ratio assessment (including corrected values) were performed. Subjects with conditions causing repolarization abnormalities or insufficient number of beats suitable for QT evaluation were excluded (17 SLE and 8 controls).

Results

Finally, 75 SLE and 43 sex- and age-matched controls were included to the study. In SLE patients, the median disease severity score (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR-DI)) was 3.0. The mean values of QTc, cTp-e and cTp-e/QTc were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls. QTc ≥ 460 ms was observed in 18.7% of patients using standard ECG and in 58.7% using Holter monitoring. With Holter monitoring, patients with SLICC/ACR-DI >3.0 presented longer QTc than those with SLICC/ACR-DI ≤3.0 (418±15 vs. 409 ± 16, p = 0.04), while cTp-e and cTp-e/QTc values were similar. Patients with abnormal HRT presented longer cTp-e and higher cTp-e/QTc than those with normal HRT (92 ± 52 vs. 71 ± 16 ms, p = 0.04; 0.244 ± 0.126 vs. 0.187 ± 0.035, p = 0.03), while QTc values were similar. No differences in QT and Tp-e parameters were observed according to disease duration.

Conclusion

In SLE patients, Holter monitoring revealed QTc prolongation more frequently than standard ECG. Longer QTc values were observed in patients with more advanced disease, while increased cTp-e and cTp-e/QTc were related to cardiac autonomic dysfunction expressed by abnormal HRT.
African Perceptions of Trade Partners: A Ghanaian and Togolese Perspective of Sino-African Relations
Authors: Awoonor Akorkor Kehinde , Forson Joseph Ato
Published: June 2020

Studies on perception in both development studies and international relations have shown that most nations have mutual perceptions predicated on and influenced by either fact, biases or stereotypes, or a combination of other identifiable qualitative variables. In this study, we explore and demonstrate that African perceptions differ from country to country and are well influenced by factors such as the country of origin, the knowledge base and orientation towards China. The connection between Africa and China is long etched in history (206 bce to 220 ce) evidenced by a series of cultural and trade exchanges between China and Egypt, and long since antiquated in historical records by the Chinese traveller, Du Huan, of the Tang Dynasty. With a combination of primary and secondary data collected via social survey using google forms with questionnaires administered to participants of 10 and 6 tertiary institutions in Ghana and Togo, respectively, and bolstered with documentary evidence, we find that there are no singular overarching African perceptions of China, as the African continent is a 55-state region with diverse conflicting political, economic and sociocultural proclivities. The study further observed that compared to Togolese, more Ghanaians perceive China to be a goodwill partner predicated on its involvement on public health emergencies of international concerns (PHEIC) and influence on national economies through debt reliefs and other form of assistance.
ΔKi67 proliferation index as independent predictive and prognostic factor of outcome in luminal breast cancer: data from neoadjuvant letrozole-based treatment
Authors: Ianza A , Giudici F , Pinello C , Corona SP , Strina C , Bernocchi O , Bortul M , Milani M , Sirico M , Allevi G , Aguggini S , Cocconi A , Azzini C , Dester M , Cervoni V , Bottini A , Cappelletti M , Generali D
Published: June 2020

A key tool for monitoring breast cancer patients under neoadjuvant treatment is the identification of reliable predictive markers. Ki67 has been identified as a prognostic and predictive marker in ER-positive breast cancer. Ninety ER-positive, HER2 negative locally advanced breast cancer patients received letrozole (2.5 mg daily) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg daily) with/without Sorafenib (400 mg/bid daily) for 6 months before undergoing surgery. Ki67 expression and tumor size measured with caliber were determined at baseline, after 30 days of treatment and at the end of treatment. Patients were assigned to a clinical response category according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, both at 30 days and before surgery and further classified as high-responder and low-responder according to the median variation of Ki67 values between biopsy and 30 days and between biopsy and surgery time. The predictive role of Ki67 and its changes with regard to clinical response and survival was analyzed. No differences in terms of survival outcomes emerged between the arms of treatment, while we observed a higher percentage of women with progression or stable disease in arm with the combination containing Sorafenib (20.5% vs 7.1%, p = 0.06). Clinical complete responders experienced a greater overall variation in Ki67 when compared with partial responders and patients with progressive/stable disease (66.7% vs 30.7%, p = 0.009). High responders showed a better outcome than low responders in terms of both disease-free survival ( p = 0.009) and overall survival ( p = 0.002). ΔKi67 score evaluated between basal and residual tumor at definitive surgery showed to be highly predictive of clinical complete response, and a potential parameter to be used for predicting disease-free survival and overall survival in luminal breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine-based therapy.
Self-sensing feedback control of multiple interacting shape memory alloy actuators in a 3D steerable active needle
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Konh Bardia
Published: June 2020

Percutaneous needle-based intervention is a technique used in minimally invasive surgical procedures such as brachytherapy, thermal ablation, and biopsy. Targeting accuracy in these procedures is a defining factor for success. Active needle steering introduces the potential to increase the targeting accuracy in such procedures to improve the clinical outcome. In this work, a novel 3D steerable active flexible needle with shape memory alloy actuators was developed. Active needle actuation response to a variety of actuation scenarios was analyzed to develop a kinematic model. Shape memory alloy actuators were characterized in terms of their actuation strain, electrical resistance, and required electrical power to design a self-sensing electrical resistance feedback control system for position tracking control of the active needle. The control system performance was initially tested in position tracking control of a single shape memory alloy actuator and then was implemented on multiple interacting shape memory alloy actuators to manipulate the 3D steerable active needle along a reference path. The electrical resistance feedback control of the multiple interacting shape memory alloy actuators enabled the active needle to reach target points in a planar workspace of about 20 mm. Results demonstrated shape memory alloys as promising alternatives for traditional actuators used in surgical instruments with enhanced design, characterization, and control capabilities.
Palliative Care for the Asian American Adult Population: A Scoping Review
Authors: La In Seo , Lee Mei Ching , Hinderer Katherine A. , Chi Iris , Liu Ruotong , Liu Mandong , Fu Yunting
Published: June 2020

Background:

The Asian American (AA) population is rapidly becoming one of the largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Despite this growth and advances in palliative care (PC) programs in the United States, the scope and nature of the literature regarding PC for AAs remains unclear. This review provides an overview of existing research on PC for AAs, identifies gaps in the research with recommendations for future research and delineates practice implications.

Methods:

A scoping review of studies published in English was conducted. Electronic Databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases) were searched up to December 2019. No starting date limit was set. Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was followed for scoping reviews.

Results:

Of 2390 publications initially identified, 42 studies met our inclusion criteria for this review. Southeast AA subgroups remain understudied compared to East and South AAs. Most studies were descriptive; a few (n = 3) evaluated effectiveness of PC interventions for AAs. Research synthesized in this review addresses the following topics and includes considerations in PC related to care recipients and their relatives: treatment choice discussions (73%), coordination of care with health care providers (26%), symptom management (14%), and emotional support (10%). This review identified various factors around PC for AAs, specifically the influence of cultural aspects, including levels of acculturation, traditional norms and values, and religious beliefs.

Conclusion:

A culturally inclusive approach is vital to providing appropriate and accessible PC for AAs. Further research is needed concerning core PC components and effective interventions across diverse AA subgroups.
A Review and Considerations on Palliative Care Improvements for African Americans With Cancer
Authors: Lee Kimberley T. , George Marshalee , Lowry Sarah , Ashing Kimlin T.
Published: June 2020

Hospice and Palliative care benefits are infrequently realized by African American patients with cancer. With the increasing recognition of the critical role of early utilization of palliative services for optimal and quality patient care, it is important to acknowledge disparities and barriers to access that minority patients may face. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the status of palliative care delivery for African American patients within the structure and framework of the clinical practice guideline domains established by the National Consensus Project for Palliative Care. This perspectives paper describes the different aspects of palliative care and the interplay with African American culture. Here, we also attempt to identify the multilevel barriers (health care system and provider level) to palliative care among African Americans as a required step toward decreasing the disparities in access, coverage, utilization, and benefit of palliative care. Furthermore, this paper may serve as an educational guide for health care workers who care for African American patients with cancer.
The Use of Eye Tracking to Discern the Threshold at Which Metopic Orbitofrontal Deformity Attracts Attention
Authors: Pressler Mark P. , Geisler Emily L. , Hallac Rami R. , Seaward James R. , Kane Alex A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction and Objectives:

Surgical treatment for trigonocephaly aims to eliminate a stigmatizing deformity, yet the severity that captures unwanted attention is unknown. Surgeons intervene at different points of severity, eliciting controversy. This study used eye tracking to investigate when deformity is perceived.

Material and Methods:

Three-dimensional photogrammetric images of a normal child and a child with trigonocephaly were mathematically deformed, in 10% increments, to create a spectrum of 11 images. These images were shown to participants using an eye tracker. Participants’ gaze patterns were analyzed, and participants were asked if each image looked “normal” or “abnormal.”

Results:

Sixty-six graduate students were recruited. Average dwell time toward pathologic areas of interest (AOIs) increased proportionally, from 0.77 ± 0.33 seconds at 0% deformity to 1.08 ± 0.75 seconds at 100% deformity ( P < .0001). A majority of participants did not agree an image looked “abnormal” until 90% deformity from any angle.

Conclusion:

Eye tracking can be used as a proxy for attention threshold toward orbitofrontal deformity. The amount of attention toward orbitofrontal AOIs increased proportionally with severity. Participants did not generally agree there was “abnormality” until deformity was severe. This study supports the assertion that surgical intervention may be best reserved for more severe deformity.
Why Suffering Matters!
Authors: Kanov Jason
Published: June 2020

Despite Peter Frost’s (1999, p. 128) call for organizational scholars and practitioners to “find suffering as a significant aspect of organizational life,” both have largely remained silent about it. This silence misrepresents the fact that suffering is a pervasive, inescapable, and costly organizational reality. Suffering matters, and a recognition of our general inattention to it exposes an under-appreciated shortcoming of established theories and approaches to management. We must acknowledge, account for, and explicitly investigate suffering if we are to truly understand the full humanity of organizational life. Accordingly, this paper outlines promising areas for future research on suffering in organizations.
The socio-normative nature of representation
Authors: Zahnoun Farid
Published: June 2020

This article tries to offer a different perspective on the issue of what it means for some physical structure to be a representation. In the first sections, it will be shown how and why this issue is still far from settled. This will be done by emphasizing the—what I will call—metaphysically promiscuous character of representation. For although representations are typically assumed to be some sort of physical objects or structures, on closer inspection, the notion of representation is used in such a variety of ways that its fundamental metaphysical status is far from obvious. Proceeding from these observations, it will be argued that, even though “representation” pre-theoretically indeed often picks out objects, their representational status is best not understood in terms of their physical properties or their causal-functional profile. It will be argued that, what it means for some physical structure to be—as a matter of fact—a representation, only first becomes intelligible in relation to certain socio-normative practices in which the cognitive capacity to relate to something as something it is not is prescriptively called upon. Moreover, an answer to the oft-heard question of what makes something (i.e., some physical object or structure) a representation is readily available, provided we take into account certain cognitive abilities, as well as a socio-normative context in which these abilities are normatively regulated. It will be concluded that at the fundamental metaphysical level, the phenomenon of representation is best understood as a triadic relation which involves, but does not reduce to, certain physical objects or structures. Finally, this socio-normative account of representation will be compared with two dominant notions of representation within cognitive science: symbolic representation and S-representation.
Influenza Vaccination Rate and Factors Associated With Compliance Among Health Care Employees in Large and Medium Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Gafner Michal , Korlander Hila , Zimlichman Reuven , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Zimlichman Eyal
Published: June 2020

Annual influenza epidemics are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, with vaccinations being the main preventive intervention; however, the compliance rate of health care employees remains low. Study aims were to examine vaccination rates among physicians and nurses in surgical and medicine wards, compare between medium and large tertiary hospitals, and identify factors associated with increased vaccination rates. Structured questionnaires were distributed. A total of 238/339 (70.2%) were vaccinated. In multivariate analysis, respiratory illness during precedent winter (odds ratio [OR] 3.146, P = .007), working in a medium hospital (OR 2.4, P = .003), and an attending resident with an infectious diseases subspecialty (OR 20.473, P = .007) were associated with a higher vaccination rate. Institutional email or portal messages were associated with decreased vaccination rates (OR = 0.259, P = .007). The leading reason for vaccination was “to stay healthy” (73.5%). Recruiting experts in the field, providing up-to-date information, and increasing management’s involvement could encourage vaccination among health care employees.
A Case of Inv(1)(q23q31) TPR-NTRK1 Fusion-Positive Spindle Cell Neoplasm in an Infant—Uncovered by Next-Generation Sequencing: Diagnostic Challenge, Review, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Shetty Omshree , Bapat Prachi , Gurav Mamta , Qureshi Sajid
Published: June 2020

Lately, NTRK-positive mesenchymal tumors are being increasingly identified, mostly in pediatric patients, in view of associated treatment implications, especially in recurrent and unresectable tumors. A 1-year-old male child presented with a rapidly growing tumor mass in his cervical region of 2 months duration. Radiologic imaging disclosed a tumor measuring 11 cm in size, almost filing his right neck spaces. Review of biopsy sections revealed a cellular tumor comprising spindle cells arranged in sheets and fascicles with interspersed collagenous strands and areas of adipocytic, myxoid, and hyaline degeneration. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD34 and S100 protein. Subsequently, on testing the tumor for a solid tumor gene panel by next-generation sequencing, it was found to be positive for inv(1)(q23q31) TPR-NTRK1 fusion. Furthermore, tumor cells displayed NTRK1 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. The patient was offered chemotherapy; however, he had a rapid local progression, leading to respiratory obstruction; he then succumbed to the disease. The present case underpins the value of next-generation sequencing as a useful technique for uncovering NTRK-fusion–positive mesenchymal tumors. Review of similar cases, diagnostic challenge, and treatment implications in such cases are discussed.
Syphilitic Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Govender Dhirendra , Jackson Christopher , Chetty Dharshnee
Published: June 2020

A 46-year-old man presented with nonproductive cough and lower limb swelling. Chest radiograph showed a left lower lobe lung mass and multiple subpleural nodules. Other investigations revealed that he had nephrotic syndrome. Core biopsies of the left lower lobe lung mass showed features of inflammatory pseudotumor with endarteritis obliterans and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Immunohistochemical stain for Treponema pallidum was positive. Resolution of the lung mass and nephrotic syndrome was achieved after treatment with intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin. The differential diagnosis of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor, manifestations of pulmonary syphilis, and a literature review of secondary syphilis of the lung are discussed.
From Hemophilia to Deep Venous Thrombosis Patient Samples: How to Perform an Easy Coagulometer Validation Process According to Available Guidelines
Authors: Montalvão Silmara Aparecida de Lima , Francisco Ana Paula , da Silva Bittar Letícia Queiroz , Huber Stephany Cares , Aguiari Helder José , Fernandes Maria Carmem Gonçalves Lopes , Elidio Priscila Soares , Martinelli Beatriz de Moraes , Tony Isa Macedo , Colella Marina Pereira , Annichinno-Bizzachi Joyce Maria
Published: June 2020

Validation protocols for the evaluation of coagulometers are needed to help professionals select the most suitable system for their regular laboratory routines. The objective of this study was to show how high standard protocols for the coagulometer validation process can fit into the daily laboratory routine. For this study, 45 healthy individuals and 112 patient samples were analyzed. From the patient samples, 51 were investigated for deep venous thrombosis, 27 for coagulopathy, 19 for antivitamin K therapy, and 15 for hemophilia. For the assessment, the performance of the 3 coagulometers and 1 point-of-care device was considered. One of the coagulometers was a new acquisition evaluated for precision, linearity, throughput, and carryover in the first moment, and the new coagulometer was then compared with the other well-established equipment in the laboratory. In normal plasma, coefficient of variation was ≤1.8% for total precision in screening tests and ≤3.5% for within-run precision in specific assays. For prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, no significant difference was found when comparing methods. Our study showed how to compare the capacity of a reagent in order to discriminate patients with severe hemophilia from patients with moderated hemophilia, and the κ coefficient agreement was 0.669 (95% confidence interval: 0.3-1.0; P < .001). d-dimer evaluated in patients with deep venous thrombosis and controls showed a 20% discrepancy between the methods. In our experience across Latin America, the number of laboratories that has performed this process is limited. In this study, we demonstrated how to adapt the validation process for the hemostasis laboratory routine to help the professional chose the best and more suitable option.
Flutter control of a streamlined box girder with active flaps
Authors: Zhuo Lingjun , Liao Haili , Li Mingshui
Published: June 2020

Flutter control is necessary in the design of a long-span bridge. With the help of active flaps, flutter control can suppress flutter vibration and increase aerodynamic stability. This study aims to build a theoretical framework for active flutter control using a system consisting of a streamlined box girder with adjacently mounted active flaps (noted as a “deck–flap system”). An adaptive expression was proposed for the system’s self-excited forces, and an identification method was established for obtaining the system flutter derivatives in consideration of the bluff characteristics of the bridge deck and the aerodynamic interactions between the bridge girder and flaps. Then, the suboptimal control algorithm was implemented into the deck–flap system to simultaneously stabilize the divergent oscillation at the designed wind speed. Based on the proposed approach, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the system flutter derivatives and the effectiveness of the control law. A comparison between the critical speeds of the two-dimensional flutter analysis and a fluid–structure interaction simulation showed a satisfactory performance from the theoretical model and the reliability of the identification method. The vibrations of the deck–flap system were successfully suppressed by the controlled motions of the active flaps under the application of the suboptimal control algorithm. This study provides a reliable framework for conducting an analysis of active control for bridge flutter and for significantly increasing the flutter stability of a deck–flap system.
Reliability, Criterion and Concurrent Validity of the Farsi Translation of DIVA-5: A Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adults With ADHD
Authors: Zamani Lida , Shahrivar Zahra , Alaghband-Rad Javad , Sharifi Vandad , Davoodi Elham , Ansari Shadi , Emari Fatemeh , Wynchank Dora , Kooij J. J. Sandra , Asherson Philip
Published: June 2020

Objectives: This study evaluated the psychometrics of the Farsi translation of diagnostic interview for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (DIVA-5) based on DSM-5 criteria. Methods: Referrals to a psychiatric outpatient clinic ( N = 120, 61.7% males, mean age 34.35 ± 9.84 years) presenting for an adult ADHD (AADHD) diagnosis, were evaluated using the structured clinical interviews for DSM-5 (SCID-5 & SCID-5-PD) and the DIVA-5. The participants completed Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report-Screening Version (CAARS-S-SV). Results: According to the SCID-5 and DIVA-5 diagnoses, 55% and 38% of the participants had ADHD, respectively. Diagnostic agreement was 81.66% between DIVA-5/SCID-5 diagnoses, 80% between SCID-5/CAARS-S-SV, and 71.66% between DIVA-5/CAARS-S-SV. Test–retest and inter-rater reliability results for the DIVA-5 were good to excellent. Conclusion: Findings support the validity and reliability of the Farsi translation of DIVA-5 among the Farsi-speaking adult outpatient population.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Identification, Diagnosis, and Navigation of Services: Learning From the Voices of Caregivers
Authors: Crais Elizabeth , McComish Cara S. , Kertcher Emily F. , Hooper Steve , Pretzel Rebecca , Mendez Lucia , Villalobos Michelle
Published: June 2020

This study explored caregivers’ perspectives on facilitators and barriers to screening, diagnosis, and identifying and accessing other services for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and caregivers’ suggestions for improving the process. Eight focus groups with 55 caregivers were conducted. Four groups had a mix of White, African American, and Asian caregivers, and to gain broader populations, we recruited two groups of Spanish-speaking and two groups of American Indian caregivers. Some caregivers reported that their child and they received excellent services; however, the majority reported concerns about the services they and their child received. The findings also indicated a lower age of diagnosis and a smaller gap between concerns and diagnosis for White non-Hispanic children compared with Hispanic non-White children. Caregivers had many suggestions for ways to improve the process.
Prediction of risk: Decoding the Serial Dependence of Stock Return Volatility with Copula
Authors: Zhu Liang , Lim Christine , Zhang Jianlun
Published: June 2020

In this article, a new approach based on the copula theory is employed in the analysis and forecasting of hospitality and tourism-related stock return volatility (HTSRV). The application of copula-based models for univariate time series is state-of the-art methodologies with new perspectives for economic analysis in tourism and hospitality. This flexible method provides numerous functions for serial dependence specification of volatility series. Eight hospitality–tourism stocks are analyzed for their serial dependence structures to provide insight for forecasting stock return volatility. While the forecasting performance between our chosen copulas and benchmark models is inconclusive, the empirical results show that copulas well specify both linear and nonlinear serial dependence structures, which lead to forecasting results as good as or even better than those of the benchmark models. This property allows us to use copulas for HTSRV forecasting without the concern of model misspecification.
“Beam us up, Bgwëthnėnė!” Indigenizing science (fiction)
Authors: Topash-Caldwell Blaire
Published: June 2020

The popularity of Indigenous-authored science fiction art, literature, film, and even video games has exploded in recent years. More than just a niche interest, these works have material effects on the possibilities young Indigenous people envision for themselves. Contrary to research on the negative effects of Native American stereotypes on youth, positive representations of Native peoples found in Indigenous science fiction portray alternative futurisms to those represented in mainstream science fiction. Developed in concert with traditional knowledge and value systems, alternative futurisms as depicted in Indigenous science fiction forefront Indigenous agency in a genre where Indigeneity is either absent or made irrelevant. This article investigates the ways in which Indigenous science fiction creators leverage traditional knowledge systems to paint a picture of Indigenous futures that depart from mainstream science fiction in material ways.
Misuse of Tramadol in the United States: An Analysis of the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2002-2017
Authors: Reines Scott A , Goldmann Bonnie , Harnett Mark , Lu Lucy
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To analyze the rates of misuse - that is, use in any way not directed by a doctor - of products containing oral tramadol, a Schedule IV opioid, from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), as compared to comparator Schedule II opioids (morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone) and alprazolam, a commonly prescribed Schedule IV controlled substance in the U.S.

Methods:

The NSDUH is a congressionally mandated household survey that collects information on tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, mental health and other health-related issues in the US. A cross-sectional surveillance study design was used to examine lifetime and past year misuse of oral tramadol and comparators of interest among NSHUH respondents aged 12 years or older. Based on when particular data were available, the past-year misuse analysis includes NSDUH data from 2015 to 2017, and the lifetime misuse analysis includes NSDUH data from 2002 to 2014.

Results:

In 2015 to 2017, past-year misuse of oral tramadol was approximately 4% of the total number of prescriptions, versus 7% to 8% for all of the comparators when adjusted for drug availability. In 2002 to 2014, lifetime misuse of oral tramadol remained at 1.5% or less over the 13-year period, and was lower than reported for hydrocodone (6%) and oxycodone (4%), respectively. Comparison of oral tramadol and alprazolam showed misuse of tramadol was also much lower than alprazolam. Too few reports of tramadol misuse by injection (n = 7) were reported, versus 570, 1096, and 32 reports of injection of morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, respectively, during the 16-year analysis period to allow for any population-based estimation. Only morphine has an intravenous formulation available and tramadol was not available as an intravenous formulation in the U.S. during that time period.

Conclusions:

This analysis shows a low prevalence of oral tramadol misuse, relative to other commonly prescribed opioids, in a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized US residents. Estimates of reported oral tramadol misuse have remained relatively stable over time and are substantially lower than those reported for comparators when adjusted for prescription volume. Reports of oral tramadol misuse are also much less than alprazolam, another Schedule IV drug.