bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДРЕСУРА ТВАРИН: ЗАРОДЖЕННЯ ЯВИЩА, СТАДІЇ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ТА АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ СЬОГОДЕННЯ
Authors: SHEVCHENKO Lyudmyla
Published: May 2021

Дресура  та  спілкування  людини  з  тваринами  нараховує  тисячоліття історії.  Це справа, яка має дійсно давнє коріння та багаті традиції. Впродовж останнього століття було створено чимало досліджень цього феномену циркового мистецтва, але, на жаль, вітчизняна гуманітаристика навіть сьогодні майже позбавлена глибоких наукових розробок у цій царині. Якісні тексти можуть бути створені тільки тими авторами, які добре знаються на справі дресури, найціннішими є розробки тих, хто багато років присвятив цирку та є професіоналами-практиками. Тому серед основних завдань – актуалізація гострих проблем циркової галузі, серед яких і існування та стан дресури в сучасному цирку. Популярною сьогодні є думка про необхідність заборонити використання тварин у цирках та міф про постійні знущання над ними. Часто цю ідею експлуатують у своїх інтересах люди, які не знаються на справі та не мають професійного відношення до цирку, бездоказово звинувачуючи всю циркову спільноту у відсутності гуманного ставлення до тварин та гідних умов їх перебування у цирку. Дресура  тварин  у  цирку – унікальна  справа. Вона  стала  долею  людей,  які  самовіддано  присвячували  їй  ціле  життя.  І  зараз,  коли  тривають  протести  проти  присутності тварин  у  цирку,  коли  знищуються  традиції  та  саме  видовище  традиційного  цирку,  хочеться  сказати,  що  бездумно,  не  знаючи  історії,  можна  заборонити  все.  Якщо ми  заборонимо  коней  у  цирку,  то  саме  поняття  манежу  чи  арени  як  сценічного майданчика зникне.  Цирк  перестане  бути  цирком.  Бо  для  шоу багатьох типів арена  не  потрібна.  Вона  народилась  саме  для кінного  цирку.  І  наша  остання  надія – зберегти  коней як  реліктову  пам’ять  старого  традиційного  цирку.
ЖЕСТ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ЗНАКОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ ІЛЮЗІЙНОГО ЖАНРУ ЦИРКОВОГО МИСТЕЦТВА
Authors: SHKOLYARENKO Yana
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена важливому аспекту розвитку циркового мистецького простору сучасної України – жесту як елементу знакової системи жанру ілюзії та маніпуляції. Кожна країна, кожна нація вносить у те чи інше мистецтво притаманні їм народні ознаки, національний колорит. Циркове мистецтво посідає значне місце у культурному просторі сучасної України, є його вагомою складовою. Досліджуючи розвиток ілюзійного жанру в Україні, ми спираємось на історіографію розвитку цього жанру у цирках різних країн світу. Немає такої людини, яка б не намагалася розгадати загадку ілюзійного номеру. Якщо для глядачів перегляд циркових номерів на манежі є задоволенням та спостеріганням за красивим видовищем, то для самих артистів – це роки тренувань та ризик, який завжди супроводжує виконавця на арені. Ілюзійні номери з картами, менталізм, візуальні ілюзії, трюки з піском, кільцями, мотузкою, камеді-жанр – далеко неповний перелік піджанрів, у яких працюють артисти. З кожним роком кількість номерів збільшується, а складність виконання вражає глядачів, навіть незважаючи на швидкий розвиток інформаційних технологій. Циркове мистецтво презентується у статті в духовному вимірі, оскільки цирк містить у собі потужну духовну складову, всебічно розвиває людину у її естетичних почуттях, смаках та ідеалах. Композиція ілюзійних номерів сучасного українського цирку сприяє виникненню у глядачів почуття задоволення, насолоди, світ кольору, особливості виконання трюків та розвиток циркових постановок майстрів ілюзіону збуджують зацікавленість, фантазію, уяву глядацької аудиторії. Розвиток ілюзійного жанру в контексті української національної культури є практично недослідженою у роботах філософів, культурологів, мистецтвознавців. Основна увага у статті приділена жесту як провідному елементу знакової системи ілюзійного жанру як вагомого компоненту циркового простору.
ЗВУКОВАЯ ДРАМАТУРГИЯ БЕЛОРУССКИХ ИГРОВЫХ ФИЛЬМОВ
Authors: KARPILOVA Antonina
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные модели звуковой драматургии в современном белорусском игровом кино. Звуковая драматургия трактуется как структурно-семантическая организация внутрикадровой и закадровой формы звуковых компонентов (речи, музыки, шумов) в их разнообразных композиционно-драматургических функциях в целях создания целостного звукового и звукозрительного образа фильма. Каждый из основных звуковых компонентов обладает своими свойствами, однако их можно классифицировать по следующим признакам: функциональность, содержательность, фонизм. Для речевого и шумового компонентов характерны все основные свойства (композиционно-драматургические функции, структурно-семантическая значимость, громкостные, темповые, тембровые характеристики). Музыкальный компонент наиболее сложный по своей структуре и отличается как имманентно присущими ему характеристиками (музыкально-выразительные средства, жанрово-стилевые черты, особенности композиторской техники и др.), так и формами существования в экранном произведении. Вступая в сложное взаимодействие, все звуковые компоненты создают звуковую драматургию, которая является частью общей драматургии фильма. Функционирование всех звуковых компонентов фильма анализируется на материале современных белорусских игровых фильмов разных жанров – детектива, психологической драмы, хоррора, байопика. В биографической ленте «Купала» создана разветвленная звуковая драматургия на основе лейтмотивности, монотематизма, полистилистики. Авторское переосмысление музыкальных источников и активная работа с цитатным материалом присутствуют в лентах «Масакра» и «Следы на воде». Отмечаются многообразные структурно-семантические и темброво-колористические функции речевого компонента, а также символическая и концептуальная роль шумовой сферы в картинах «Купала» и «В тумане». Делается вывод о том, что звуковая драматургия современного фильма выступает как система звуковых средств экранного произведения в их образно-содержательном и конструктивном единстве.
УКРАЇНСЬКА ВИШИВКА В ОДЯЗІ 70-Х РОКІВ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: VARYVONCHYK Anastasia
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена малодослідженій проблемі у вітчизняній науці, пов’язаній із промисловим виробництвом одягу та застосуванням української вишивки. Значний внесок у розвиток традиційного українського одягу та декорування вносили художники-модельєри Київського Будинку моделей одягу, якій розпочав свою діяльність у 1944 р. Завдяки художникам у важких умовах розроблялися сучасні на той час моделі за мотивами українського традиційного одягу. Вбрання створювалося на виробництвах легкої промисловості та «Укрхудожпрому».

Зазначається, що українська вишивка була невід'ємною частиною українського одягу, а згодом, і промисловості. У Києві в червні 1970 р. Всесоюзним інститутом асортименту виробів Міністерства легкої промисловості УРСР було проведено художньо-технічну раду для огляду виробів, що презентували  молодіжну моду. Учасники художньо-технічної ради розглянули моделі, запропоновані 34 швейними підприємствами та 6 Будинками моделей України. Проведення цього заходу надало можливість впровадити модні тенденції десятиріччя у життя.

Художники Київського Будинку моделей одягу (КБМО) активно запроваджували та використовували традиційні національні елементи вбрання, поєднуючи тенденції сучасної моди того часу. Аналізуючи стан використання вишивки традиційного українського крою в сучасному одязі 70-х рр.            ХХ ст. у КБМО, можемо відзначити, що в молодіжному одязі художники-модельєри застосовували традиційний крій, вишивку, декор, за мотивами національного костюму усіх регіонів України. Змінювалися моделі подовжених жіночих суконь із вовняних тканин, у дівочих комплектах із бязі переважав сорочечний крій із комірцем «стійка» та короткими рукавами. Підтримувалися напрямки крою у довжині блуз до талії, із вживанням народних мотивів української вишивки. Прямі й розширені спідниці донизу підкреслювали талію і призбирувалися на гумці чи поясі. Пальта створювалися на основі крою української свитки за прямим силуетом, втачними рукавами, каптур переходив у комір із китицями та так само оздоблювався за мотивами елементів народної української вишивки, що виконувалася тамбурним швом чорними, червоними, жовтими й зеленими кольорами.

Високий рівень моделювання одягу демонстрували промислові виробництва. Джерелом натхнення для фахівців українських виробництв легкої промисловості та «Укрхудожпрому» слуговали покази мод, що влаштовувалися Будинками моделей двічі на рік. Виконання виробництвами тематичних і композиційно довершених творчих проектів спрямовувало й узгоджувало діяльність швейної, текстильної, трикотажної промисловості. Організація праці на усіх етапах виробництва підкреслює актуальність означенної проблеми, що обумовленна потребою збереження української автентичності, дослідження та висвітлення особливостей створення сучасних виробів із напрямку художніх промислів, таких як художня вишивка, яка є одним із найдавніших різновидів народної творчості.
Analysis of handover decision making in downlink Long Term Evolution networks
Authors:   , Elujide Israel Oludayo
Published: May 2021

This dissertation reports on handover in downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The LTE is seen as the technology that will bring about Fourth Generation (4G) mobile broadband experience. The necessity to maintain quality of service for delay sensitive data services and applications used by mobile users makes mobility and handover between base stations in the downlink LTE very critical. Unfortunately, several handover schemes in LTE are based on Reference Symbols Received Power (RSRP) which include measurement error due to limited symbols in downlink packets. However, prompt and precise handover decision cannot be based on inaccurate measurement. Therefore, the downlink LTE intra-system handover is studied with focus on user measurement report. The study centers on preparation stage of the LTE handover procedure. Two different types of physical layer filtering technique namely linear averaging and local averaging are focused upon among others investigated. The performance of LTE conventional physical layer filtering technique, linear filtering, is compared with an alternative technique called local averaging. The output of each physical layer filtering is then used for LTE standardized radio resource layer filtering (otherwise called L3 filtering). The analysis of results from handover decision is based on simulations performed in an LTE system-level simulator. The performance metrics for the results are evaluated in terms of overall system and mobility-related performance. The system performance is based on spectral efficiency and throughput while mobility-related performance is based on handover failure. The performance comparison of the results shows that local averaging technique provides improved system performance of about 51.2 % for spectral efficiency and 42.8% cell-edge throughput for high speed users. Local averaging also produces a reduction of about 26.95% in average number of handover failure when L 3 filtering is applied for low speed mobile terminal. This result confirms that both averaging techniques are suitable for LTE network. Moreover, in the case of high mobility local averaging tends to be better than linear averaging.
Evaluating citizen satisfaction with the quality of e-government information services provided by Southern African Development Community governments
Authors:   , Mukumbareza Caroline
Published: May 2021

This dissertation reports on an empirical evaluation of citizen satisfaction with e-government information services provided by Southern African Development Community (SADC) governments, since citizens perceive service quality as an effective indicator of e-government shortfalls. Few studies have been conducted in SADC countries to empirically evaluate the satisfaction of regarding e-government services. An e-government satisfaction model was applied, which is a non-linear framework with interactive quality proxies. A total of 364 respondents was used for data collection. An analytic modelling technique of Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to predict the factors that most influence citizen satisfaction with e-government information services provided by SADC governments. The resulting model fits the data with a high goodness of fit (GoF) of 0.62 and a model predictive power (R2) of 0.60 for the global model. In addition, the results of this study show that perceived quality is the most influential factor affecting citizen satisfaction with e-government information services, followed by citizen complaint handling and then citizen expectation. Finally, this study used PLS to rank the SADC countries involved in this study in terms of which country is offering the best level of e-government information services and customer satisfaction. The results indicate that South Africa was ranked highest and Tanzania lowest.
Hypothyrosis syndrome: role of triodthyronine in diagnostics and
combination therapy (review of literature)
Authors: Tsanava I. A. , Bulgakova S. V. , Melikova A. V.
Published: May 2021

Hypothyroidism syndrome is one of the most common pathologies of the endocrine system. Assessment of euthyroid status can not always be carried out according to the TSH indicator. In a number of patients with normal TSH levels and a clinical picture of hypothyroidism, the serum T3 concentration is determined at the lower limit of the norm or below it with a high content of free T4 in the blood. In world practice, positive experience has been accumulated in the combined use of preparations of sodium levothyroxine and liothyronine, a synthetic form of exogenous triiodothyronine. A number of studies have noted the advantages of using combination therapy for hypothyroidism over levothyroxine monotherapy in certain groups of patients. Possible reasons for the ineffectiveness of standard treatment for hypothyroidism are described.
Indicators of volatile fatty acids for differential diagnostics of nfected of pancreatic necrosis complicated by retroperitoneal phlegmon
Authors: Akayzin E. S. , Akayzina A. E.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to assess the informative value of volatile fatty acid parameters for the differential diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN), complicated by retroperitoneal cellulitis. The work was based on the results of examination and treatment of 44 patients with infected pancreatic necrosis. The analysis of concentrations of volatile fatty acids: acetic, propionic, butyric and isovalerianic was carried out on a Kristallux-4000 automated gas chromatograph with an HP-FFAP capillary column and a flame ionization detector. The indicators of acetic acid and the amount of volatile fatty acids were statistically significantly higher in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis with total retroperitoneal phlegmons in comparison with the indicators of volatile fatty acids in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis with paracolic phlegmons and in comparison with indicators of volatile fatty acids in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis phlegmons. The indicators of acetic acid and the amount of VFA can be used as additional criteria for the differential diagnosis of IPN complicated by phlegmons of the retroperitoneal tissue.
The expression and mutation of BMPR1B and its association with litter size in small-tail Han sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Wen Yu-Liang , Guo Xiao-Fei , Ma Lin , Zhang Xiao-Sheng , Zhang Jin-Long , Zhao Sheng-Guo , Chu Ming-Xing
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that BMPR1B promotes follicular development and
ovarian granulosa cell proliferation, thereby affecting ovulation in
mammals. In this study, the expression and polymorphism of the BMPR1B gene
associated with litter size in small-tail Han (STH) sheep were determined.
The expression of BMPR1B was detected in 14 tissues of STH sheep during the follicular phase
as well as in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis of monotocous and
polytocous STH sheep during the follicular and luteal phases using
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Sequenom MassARRAY® single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technology was also used
to detect the polymorphism of SNPs in seven sheep breeds. Here, BMPR1B was highly
expressed in hypothalamus, ovary, uterus, and oviduct tissue during the
follicular phase, and BMPR1B was expressed significantly more in the hypothalamus of
polytocous ewes than in monotocous ewes during both the follicular and luteal
phases (P<0.05). For genotyping, we found that genotype and allele
frequencies of three loci of the BMPR1B gene
were extremely significantly different (P<0.01) between the monotocous and polytocous groups. Association
analysis results showed that the g.29380965A>G locus had significant
negative effects on the litter size of STH sheep, and the combination of
g.29380965A>G and FecB (Fec – fecundity and B – Booroola; A746G) at the BMPR1B gene showed that the litter size
of AG–GG, AA–GG, and GG–GG genotypes was significantly higher compared with
other genotypes (P<0.05). This is the first study to find a new molecular
marker affecting litter size and to systematically analyze the expression of
BMPR1B in different fecundity and physiological periods of STH sheep.
Contribution of meteor flux in the occurrence of sporadic-E (Es) layers over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Mubasshir , Gopakumar Govardan , Al-owais Aisha Abdulla , Sharif Maryam Essa , Fernini Ilias
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A sporadic-E (Es) layer is generally associated with a thin-layered
structure present in the lower ionosphere, mostly consisting of metallic
ions. This metallic ion layer is formed when meteors burn in the upper
atmosphere, resulting in the deposition of free metal atoms and ions. Many studies have attributed the presence of the Es layer to the metallic
ion layer, specifically when the layer is observed during the nighttime.
Using data from a network of meteor monitoring towers and a collocated
digital ionosonde radar near the Arabian Peninsula, in this paper, we report our observations of Es layer occurrences together with the meteor
count. The trend of monthly averages of Es layer intensity shows a maximum
in late spring and early summer months and a minimum in winter months, whereas the meteor counts were highest in winter months and lowest in spring
and early summer months. This shows that the presence of the Es layer and
the meteor counts have no correlation in time, both diurnally and
seasonally. This leads us to conclude that the presence of meteors is not
the main cause of the presence of the Es layer over the Arabian Peninsula.
Competing effects of nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on northern hemispheric terrestrial carbon uptake and storage, 1850–2099
Authors: Franz Martina , Zaehle Sönke
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen deposition affect vegetation growth and, thereby, the ability of the land biosphere to take up and store carbon. However, the magnitude of these effects on the contemporary and future terrestrial carbon balance is insufficiently understood.
Here, we apply an extended version of the O–CN terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the atmosphere to canopy transport of O3, its surface and stomatal uptake, the O3-induced leaf injury, and the coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. We use this model to simulate past and future impacts of air pollution against a background of concurrent changes in climate and carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) for two contrasting representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The simulations show that O3-related damage considerably reduced northern hemispheric gross primary production (GPP) and long-term carbon storage between 1850 and the 2010s. The simulated O3 effect on GPP in the Northern Hemisphere peaked towards the end of the 20th century, with reductions of 4 %, causing a reduction in the northern hemispheric carbon sink of 0.4 Pg C yr−1. During the 21st century, O3-induced reductions in GPP and carbon storage are projected to decline, through a combination of direct air pollution control methods that reduce near-surface O3 and the indirect effects of rising atmospheric CO2, which reduces stomatal uptake of O3 concurrent with increases of leaf-level water use efficiency. However, in hot spot regions such as East Asia, the model simulations suggest a sustained decrease in GPP by more than 8 % throughout the 21st century. O3 exposure reduces projected carbon storage at the end of the 21st century by up to 15 % in parts of Europe, the US, and East Asia.
Our simulations suggest that the stimulating effect of nitrogen deposition on regional GPP and carbon storage is lower in magnitude compared to the
detrimental effect of O3 during most of the simulation period for both RCPs. In the second half of the 21st century, the detrimental effect of O3 on GPP is outweighed by nitrogen deposition, but the effect of nitrogen deposition on land carbon storage remains lower than the effect of O3. Accounting for the stimulating effects of nitrogen deposition but omitting the detrimental effect of O3 may lead to an overestimation of projected carbon uptake and storage.
Unlocking weather observations from the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792)
Authors: Pappert Duncan , Brugnara Yuri , Jourdain Sylvie , Pospieszyńska Aleksandra , Przybylak Rajmund , Rohr Christian , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Recent years have seen early instrumental observations play an increasingly important role in climate research, allowing past daily-to-decadal climate variability and weather extremes to be explored in greater detail. The 18th century saw the formation of several short-lived meteorological networks of which the one organised by the Societas Meteorologica Palatina is arguably the most well-known. This network stood out as one of those few that efficiently managed to control its members, integrating, refining and publishing measurements taken from numerous stations around Europe and beyond. Although much has been written about the network in both history, science, and individual prominent series used for climatological studies, the actual measurements have not yet been digitised and published in extenso. This paper represents an important step towards filling this perceived gap in research. Here we provide an inventory listing the availability of observed variables for the 37 stations that belonged to the Society's network and discuss their historical context. Most of these observations have been digitised and a considerable fraction has been converted and formatted. In this paper we focus on the temperature and pressure measurements, which have been corrected and homogenised. We then demonstrate their potential for climate research by analysing two cases of extreme weather. The recovered series will have wide applications and could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind climatic variations and extremes, as well as the societal reactions to adverse weather. Even the shorter series could be ingested into reanalyses and improve the quality of large scale reconstructions.
Decadal climate predictions with the Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5)
Authors: Sospedra-Alfonso Reinel , Merryfield William J. , Boer George J. , Kharin Viatsheslav V. , Lee Woo-Sung , Seiler Christian , Christian James R.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) developed at Environment and Climate Change Canada's Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) is participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). A 40-member ensemble of CanESM5 historical decadal forecasts (or hindcasts) is integrated for ten years from realistic initial states during 1961 to present using prescribed external forcing. The results are part of CCCma's contribution to the Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) component of CMIP6. This paper evaluates CanESM5 large ensemble decadal hindcasts against observational benchmarks and against historical climate simulations initialized from preindustrial control run states. The focus is on the evaluation of the potential predictability and actual skill of annual and multi-year averages of key oceanic and atmospheric fields at regional and global scales. The impact of initialization on prediction skill is quantified from the hindcasts decomposition into uninitialized and initialized components. The dependence of potential and actual skill on ensemble size is examined. CanESM5 decadal hindcasts skilfully predict upper-ocean states and surface climate with a significant impact from initialization that depend on climate variable, forecast range, and geographic location. Deficiencies in the skill of North Atlantic surface climate are identified and potential causes discussed. The inclusion of biogeochemical modules in CanESM5 enables the prediction of carbon cycle variables which are shown to be skilful on decadal time scales, with a strong long-lasting impact from initialization on skill in the ocean and a moderate short-lived impact on land.
Early hypogenic carbonic acid speleogenesis in unconfined limestone aquifers by upwelling deep-seated waters with high CO2 concentration: a modelling approach
Authors: Gabrovšek Franci , Dreybrodt Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Here we present results of digital modelling of a specific setting of hypogenic carbonic acid speleogenesis (CAS). We study an unconfined aquifer where meteoric water seeps through the vadose zone and becomes saturated with respect to calcite when it arrives at the water table. From below, deep-seated water with high pCO2 and saturated with respect to calcite invades the limestone formation by forced flow. Two flow domains arise that host exclusively water from the meteoric or deep-seated source. They are separated by a water divide. There by dispersion of flow, a fringe of mixing arises and widening of the fractures is caused by mixing corrosion (MC). The evolution of the cave system is determined by its early state. At sites with high rates of fracture widening, regions of higher hydraulic conductivity are created. They attract flow and support one-by-one mixing with maximal dissolution rates. Therefore, the early evolution is determined by karstification originating close to the input of the upwelling water and at the output at a seepage face. In between these regions, a wide fringe of moderate dissolution is present. In the later stage of evolution, this region is divided by constrictions that originate from statistical variations of fracture aperture widths that favour high dissolution rates and focus flow into this region. This MC-fringe instability is an intrinsic property of cave evolution and is present in all scenarios studied. We have investigated the influence of defined regions with higher fracture aperture widths. These determine the cave patterns and suppress MC-fringe instabilities. We have discussed the influence of the ratio of upwelling water flux rates on the rates of meteoric water. This ratio specifies the position of the mixing fringe and consequently that of the cave system. In a further step, we have explored the influence of time-dependent meteoric recharge. Furthermore, we have modelled scenarios where waters are undersaturated with respect to calcite. These findings give important insight into mechanisms of CAS in a special setting of unconfined aquifers. They also have implications for the understanding of corresponding sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS).
REAL-TIME DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING AND SEGMENTATION ON MONOCULAR VIDEO
Authors: Basharov I. , Yudin D.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The paper is devoted to the task of multiple objects tracking and segmentation on monocular video, which was obtained by the camera of unmanned ground vehicle. The authors investigate various architectures of deep neural networks for this task solution. Special attention is paid to deep models providing inference in real time. The authors proposed an approach based on combining the modern SOLOv2 instance segmentation model, a neural network model for embedding generation for each found object, and a modified Hungarian tracking algorithm. The Hungarian algorithm was modified taking into account the geometric constraints on the positions of the found objects on the sequence of images. The investigated solution is a development and improvement of the state-of-the-art PointTrack method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated quantitatively and qualitatively on the popular KITTI MOTS dataset collected using the cameras of a driverless car. The software implementation of the approach was carried out. The acceleration of the procedure for the formation of a two-dimensional point cloud in the found image segment was done using the NVidia CUDA technology. At the same time, the proposed instance segmentation module provides a mean processing time of one image of 68 ms, the embedding and tracking module of 24 ms using the NVidia Tesla V100 GPU. This indicates that the proposed solution is promising for on-board computer vision systems for both unmanned vehicles and various robotic platforms.
IMAGE AND SHAPE COMPARISON VIA MORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: Vizilter Y. V. , Zheltov S. Y. , Lebedev M. A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A lot of image matching applications require image comparison to be invariant relative to intensity values variations. The Pyt’ev theory for Morphological Image Analysis (MIA) was developed based on image-to-shape matching with mosaic shape models. Within the framework of this theory, the problem of shape-to-shape comparison was previously considered too. The most sophisticated and weakest part of MIA theory is the comparison of mosaic shapes with some arbitrary restrictions described by graphs or relations. In this paper we consider the possible options for comparing images and shapes using morphological projection and morphological correlation. Our contribution is a new scheme of morphological shape-to-image projection and, correspondingly, the new morphological correlation coefficient (MCC) for shape-to-image correlation with restricted mosaic models. We also refine the expressions for shape-to-shape comparison.
FAST IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL WATERMARKING SCHEMES BASED ON ARNOLD AND DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
Authors: Zotin A. G. , Proskurin A. V.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In recent years, digital watermarking of photo and video materials has become more and more important in connection with the transmission of multimedia data over unsecured communication channels. Digital watermarking allows to reduce the amount of transmitted information and to protect embedded metadata. Improving robustness and security of embedded data increases computational costs, which obstruct usage of digital watermarks in mobile devices. In this research, we propose a number of improvements to the digital watermarking process based on Arnold and discrete wavelet transforms to reduce the computational cost. Considering the watermark as a linear sequence of pixels allows us to speed up its processing. The two-dimensional lookup table allows performing an Arnold transform in constant time regardless of the number of iterations. Number of iteration for each block of watermark is determined using hash function applied to the secret key. Also, the structure of the lookup table is proposed to accelerate the embedding of watermark. This table allows to determine the frequency coefficients for embedding based on the key hash code. Proposed improvements allow to speed up the watermark preparation by an average 14 times and the overall embedding process by 1.22 times for 1920×1080 images.
BOOSTING SEGMENTATION ACCURACY OF THE DEEP LEARNING MODELS BASED ON THE SYNTHETIC DATA GENERATION
Authors: Danilov V. V. , Gerget O. M. , Kolpashchikov D. Y. , Laptev N. V. , Manakov R. A. , Hérnandez-Gómez L. A. , Alvarez F. , Ledesma-Carbayo M. J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In the era of data-driven machine learning algorithms, data represents a new oil. The application of machine learning algorithms shows they need large heterogeneous datasets that crucially are correctly labeled. However, data collection and its labeling are time-consuming and labor-intensive processes. A particular task we solve using machine learning is related to the segmentation of medical devices in echocardiographic images during minimally invasive surgery. However, the lack of data motivated us to develop an algorithm generating synthetic samples based on real datasets. The concept of this algorithm is to place a medical device (catheter) in an empty cavity of an anatomical structure, for example, in a heart chamber, and then transform it. To create random transformations of the catheter, the algorithm uses a coordinate system that uniquely identifies each point regardless of the bend and the shape of the object. It is proposed to take a cylindrical coordinate system as a basis, modifying it by replacing the Z-axis with a spline along which the h-coordinate is measured. Having used the proposed algorithm, we generated new images with the catheter inserted into different heart cavities while varying its location and shape. Afterward, we compared the results of deep neural networks trained on the datasets comprised of real and synthetic data. The network trained on both real and synthetic datasets performed more accurate segmentation than the model trained only on real data. For instance, modified U-net trained on combined datasets performed segmentation with the Dice similarity coefficient of 92.6±2.2%, while the same model trained only on real samples achieved the level of 86.5±3.6%. Using a synthetic dataset allowed decreasing the accuracy spread and improving the generalization of the model. It is worth noting that the proposed algorithm allows reducing subjectivity, minimizing the labeling routine, increasing the number of samples, and improving the heterogeneity.
ENAMEL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS ON 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS OF TEETH FOR PALEONTOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Gaboutchian A. V. , Knyaz V. A. , Maschenko E. N. , Korost D. V. , Kudaev A. A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Findings of teeth play a significant role in palaeoanthropology. And excavations in Vietnamese LangTrank cave serve as a vivid example and evidence of this statement. Teeth constitute the majority of the paleontological material dated to Middle and Late Pleistocene periods. This is to some extent the result of dietary preferences of porcupines as these rodents include in their diets bones of animals however avoiding extremely hard coronal parts of teeth. Under such circumstances teeth serve a key to taxonomic differentiation of findings as genetic analysis is often hindered by a lack of preserved DNA at such dating of material. However morphological analysis is difficult in some cases either, as teeth can be worn out or broken. In that case enamel thickness measurements become an effective study instrument as this feature varies between species. In the current study two teeth with clear signs of expressed dental wear, presumably upper fourth premolars of wild boar required more detailed analysis. Thus they were reconstructed after micro-computed tomography scanning similarly to other upper teeth picked for comparison: orang-utan tooth from the same location and two teeth from the Upper Palaeolithic Sunghir (they have been scanned earlier). This study required new approaches to image processing and measurement methodology due to marked attrition of the samples. The workflow and results of enamel thickness assessments which facilitated taxonomical differentiation of the findings are presented in the article.
X-RAY BASED IMAGING AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF DENTAL PATHOLOGIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF PALAEOANTHROPOLOGICAL FINDING
Authors: Gaboutchian A. V. , Knyaz V. A. , Simonyan H. Y. , Petrosyan G. R. , Korost D. V. , Novikov M. M. , Kudaev A. A. , Cherebylo S. A. , Kharlamova N. V.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Findings from Bronze Age burials of Shengavit settlement have become a source of multiple studies referred to anthropological, and especially odontological, research based on 3d imaging and image processing techniques. The currently presented case is an example of palaeopathological analysis of bone tissue resorption caused by complications of dental pathologies. Thus by analogy with diagnostic procedures in clinical dentistry, conventional x-ray based cone-beam tomographic scanning have been applied and have shown its effectiveness as a study method. Through CBCT imaging we managed to reveal a hidden pathological process in the body of the studied semi-mandible fragment, though initially another pathological area located on the same finding was planned to be studied. Application of micro-computed tomography has improved analytical, or diagnostic, part of the current palaepathological study. It has brought to finding unusual morphological features hypothetically causing bone resorption as a complication of dental pathological conditions. However our intention to obtain 3d reconstructions as evidence supporting the most likely version required several attempts to correct image processing in line with the increase of imaging resolution.
METHODS OF INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM ISOKINETIC TESTS AND MRI STUDIES DURING REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER RECONSTRUCTIVE SHOULDER JOINT SURGERY
Authors: Kabaev E. M. , Hamad Y. A. , Simonov K. V. , Zotin A. G.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The research results in the field of computer visualization of the shoulder joint biomechanics are presented. The possibilities of using biomechanical robotic mechanotherapy on the CON-TREX complex in the rehabilitation treatment of patients after arthroscopic shoulder surgery are shown. The possibilities of additional visualization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using spectral decomposition methods (Shearlet transform and contrasting with color coding) are studied. Experiments with the use of the proposed diagnostic technique are described. The relationship between the MRI data and CON-TREX protocols in planning and implementation of the rehabilitation procedures is demonstrated. The technique which allows to improve the quality and availability of the MRI data in the study of the shoulder joint biomechanics during restorative treatment is described.
Heteronuclear and homonuclear radio-frequency-driven recoupling
Authors: Nimerovsky Evgeny , Xue Kai , Movellan Kumar Tekwani , Andreas Loren B.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The radio-frequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) pulse sequence is used in
magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR to recouple homonuclear dipolar interactions.
Here we show simultaneous recoupling of both the heteronuclear and
homonuclear dipolar interactions by applying RFDR pulses on two channels. We
demonstrate the method, called HETeronuclear RFDR (HET-RFDR), on microcrystalline SH3 samples at 10 and 55.555 kHz MAS. Numerical
simulations of both HET-RFDR and standard RFDR sequences allow for better
understanding of the influence of offsets and paths of magnetization transfers
for both HET-RFDR and RFDR experiments, as well as the crucial role of XY
phase cycling.
Conditional probability of distributed surface rupturing during normal-faulting earthquakes
Authors: Ferrario Maria Francesca , Livio Franz
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Coseismic surface faulting is a significant source of hazard for critical plants and distributive infrastructure; it may occur either on the principal fault or as distributed rupture on nearby faults. Hazard assessment for distributed faulting is based on empirical relations which, in the case of normal faults, were derived almost 15 years ago using a dataset of US earthquakes. We collected additional case histories worldwide, for a total of 21 earthquakes, and calculated the conditional probability of distributed faulting as a function of distance from the principal fault. We found no clear dependency on the magnitude nor the time of occurrence of the earthquakes, but our data consistently show a higher probability of rupture when compared with the scaling relations currently adopted in engineering practice. We derive updated empirical regressions and show that the results are strongly conditioned by the averaging of earthquakes effectively generating distributed faulting at a given distance and those which did not generate faulting; thus, we introduce a more conservative scenario that can be included in a logic tree approach to consider the full spectrum of potential ruptures. Our results can be applied in the framework of probabilistic assessment of fault displacement hazard.
Characterizing Tundra snow sub-pixel variability to improve brightness temperature estimation in satellite SWE retrievals
Authors: Meloche Julien , Langlois Alexandre , Rutter Nick , Royer Alain , King Josh , Walker Branden
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Topography and vegetation play a major role in sub-pixel variability of Arctic snowpack properties, but are not considered in current passive microwave (PMW) satellite SWE retrievals. Simulation of sub-pixel variability of snow properties is also problematic when downscaling snow and climate models. In this study, we simplified observed variability of snowpack properties (depth, density, microstructure) in a two-layer model with mean values and distributions of two multi-year tundra dataset so they could be incorporated in SWE retrieval schemes. Spatial variation of snow depth was parametrized by a log-normal distribution with mean (μsd) values and coefficients of variation (CVsd). Snow depth variability (CVsd) was found to increase as a function of the area measured by a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). Distributions of snow specific area (SSA) and density were found for the wind slab (WS) and depth hoar (DH) layers. The mean depth hoar fraction (DHF) was found to be higher in Trail Valley Creek (TVC) than Cambridge Bay (CB) where TVC is at a lower latitude with a sub-arctic shrub tundra compared to CB which is a graminoid tundra. DHF were fitted with a gaussian process and predicted from snow depth. Simulations of brightness temperatures using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model incorporating snow depth and DHF variation were evaluated with measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) sensor. Variation in snow depth (CVsd) is proposed as an effective parameter to account for sub-pixel variability in PMW emission, improving simulation by 8 K. Snow depth simulations using a CVsd of 0.9 best matched CVsd observations from spatial datasets for areas > 3 km2, which is comparable to the 3.125 km pixel size of the Equal-Area Scalable Earth (EASE) grid 2.0 enhanced resolution at 37 GHz.
STRUCTURE AND TECHNIQUE OF PERFORMANCE DOUBLE FLIP BACK WITH A TURN 360 DEGREES SKIERS OF HIGH QUALITY ACROBATS
Authors: Parakhin Victor Alexandrovich , Gerasimova Alexandra Alekseevna
Published: May 2021

The article describes a biomechanical analysis of the technique of performing a double back somersault with a turn of 360 degrees, the preparatory, main and final parts of the exercise.
EFFICIENCY OF THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION BY COGENERATION PLANTS DUE TO THE MAXIMUM USE OF HEAT
Authors: Maximov Maxim Olegovich
Published: May 2021

ignificant heat losses in centralized heating and hot water supply systems during the transportation of heat carriers lead to the need for decentralization of heat generating installations. It is shown that steam and gas installations for combined heat and power generation deserve the greatest attention. The ways of increasing the efficiency of cogeneration plants of various capacities based on CCGT by utilizing the heat of the heating system by installing recuperative heat exchangers on the return lines of the heating system after heating devices that are connected to the hot water supply network are substantiated, which makes it possible to reduce heat losses to the environment. The proposed system of rational interaction of the power plant with the heating and hot water supply system, which allows increasing the thermal efficiency of the cogeneration plant by 2%, which corresponds to a fuel saving of 3% due to the more complete use of the thermal energy of steam, which is sent as a selection for district heating. This article discusses solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of heat generation by cogeneration plants by maximizing the use of heat from the exhaust steam of turbines.
INITIAL AND RESIDUAL RESOURCE OF RUBBER-CORD SHELLS OF CONNECTING DEVICES OF ROLLING STOCK
Authors: Evdokimov Alexey Petrovich
Published: May 2021

In article the basic settlement dependences of a resource rubber-cord environments are given on the basis of the received results of experimental researches of integrated characteristics in view of quasi-elastic, not elastic and total deformation. Diagrams of dependence of durability of environments from a corner of a twisting and the specified kinds of deformation are constructed.
DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION OF MACHINE EVALUATION INDICATORS AND THEIR RANKING
Authors: Zimina Olga Genianovna , Bogidaev Maxim Viktorovich , Ipatov Ivan Viktorovich
Published: May 2021

Currently, in connection with the automation of design, there is an urgent need to understand the accumulated experience and build the foundations of the methodology for designing agricultural technological processes, which reveals the main laws of the design process. In this regard, the use of methods for the synthesis of technological processes based on the characteristics of tillage, sowing and the production system of the economy, in which it is necessary to implement the projected technological process, becomes relevant.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF SURFACE WATERS OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY BY THEIR CONTENT OF HEAVY METAL IONS OF COPPER, ZINC AND NICKEL
Authors: Polina Alekseeva Vladimirovna , Kurili Tatyana A. , Zhuravlev Alexey
Published: May 2021

The results of study of statistical data on contamination of surface waters of the largest water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory with ions of heavy metals of copper, zinc and nickel are presented. Dynamics of change of pollution of water objects by waste-water discharges in years 2012-2019 is given. The obtained results can be used in a training process to motivate the search for methods of intensifying treatment of waste water from heavy metal ions.
Columbia Spring Research Symposium 2021
Authors: Leite Isabella
Published: May 2021

Featured posters from the annual Columbia Spring Research Symposium hosted by CUSJ
Predicting Second Language Proficiency with Resting-state Brain Rhythms
Authors: Ogunniyi Victoria , Abugaber David , Finestrat Irene , Luque Alicia , Morgan-Short Kara
Published: May 2021

Understanding what traits facilitate second language (L2) learning has been the focus of many psycholinguistic studies for the last thirty years. One source of insight comes from quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), i.e., electrical brain activity recorded from the scalp. Using qEEG, Prat et al. [1] found that functional brain connectivity is predictive of language learning ability. This study extends Prat et al. in investigating the predictive validity of qEEG measures for two measures of L2 proficiency, namely: 1. a grammaticality judgement task (GJT), wherein participants read and identified Spanish sentences as either correct or incorrect based on possible grammar violations, and 2. a standardized Spanish proficiency test (DELE). Participants were L2 learners recruited from third- and fourth-semester university Spanish classes. Spectral power and coherence within and across six different regions were analyzed for correlations with either GJT or DELE scores. Follow-up linear regression models based on significant qEEG correlates explained up to 11% of variance in DELE scores but none of the variance in GJT scores. Negative correlations were found between theta frequency coherence and the DELE. Because theta activity has been associated with episodic and working memory performance, these findings suggest that less proficient learners might utilize memory-based strategies more often to compensate for their lack of familiarity with the L2.