bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two New Tetranortriterpenoids from Cipadessa cinerascens
Authors: Ren Yan‐Li , Tang Qian‐Rui , Di Ying‐Tong , He Hong‐Ping , Zhang Zhen , Li Shun‐Lin , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Stereoselective Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Lanthionine (VII) and β‐Methyllanthionine (IV).
Authors: Cobb Steven L. , Vederas John C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of N‐Acetyl‐L‐tyrosine Based Compounds as PPARα Selective Activators.
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Ramachandran Uma , Raichur Suryaprakash , Chakrabarti Ranjan , Jain Rahul
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Method for Regioselective Ring‐Opening Reduction of 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene Hexopyranoside Derivatives Using CoCl2 and BH3×THF.
Authors: Tani Shinki , Sawadi Sho , Kojima Masaru , Akai Shoji , Sato Ken‐ichi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Fused Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyrans (and Furans) by Ring Opening of 1,2‐Cyclopropanated Sugar Derivatives.
Authors: Haveli Shrutisagar Dattatraya , Sridhar Perali Ramu , Suguna Perumal , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroxyl Group Deprotection Reactions with Pd(OH)2/C: A Convenient Alternative to Hydrogenolysis of Benzyl Ethers and Acid Hydrolysis of Ketals.
Authors: Murali Chebrolu , Shashidhar Mysore S. , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitor (+)‐Symbioimine (I).
Authors: Kim Justin , Thomson Regan J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Neat Total Synthesis of Six Monoterpenic Alkaloids of the Actinidine Series.
Authors: Robert Nicolas , Hoarau Christophe , Marsais Francis
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cortistatins E (Ia), F (II), G (Ib), and H (Ic), Four Novel Steroidal Alkaloids from Marine Sponge Corticium simplex.
Authors: Watanabe Yasuo , Aoki Shunji , Tanabe Daiki , Setiawan Andi , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Vinca Alkaloids and Related Compounds. Part 107. An Efficient Convergent Synthetic Pathway to Build Up the Ibophyllidine Skeleton III. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ibophyllidine and (.+‐.)‐20‐Epiibophyllidine.
Authors: Toth Florian , Kalaus Gyoergy , Greiner Istvan , Kajtar‐Peredy Maria , Goemoery Agnes , Hazai Laszlo , Szantay Csaba
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Large‐Scale Synthesis of 5′‐O‐Dimethoxytrityl‐N4‐benzoyl‐5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine.
Authors: Ross Bruce S. , Han Mingming , Ravikumar Vasulinga T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cross‐Metathesis Approach to a (2E,4E)‐Dienoic Acid Intermediate for the Synthesis of Elaiolide.
Authors: Morita Akira , Kuwahara Shigefumi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nodulisporol (I) and Nodulisporone (II), Novel Specific Inhibitors of Human DNA Polymerase λ from a Fungus, Nodulisporium sp.
Authors: Kamisuki Shinji , Ishimaru Chisato , Onoda Kadohiro , Kuriyama Isoko , Ida Noriko , Sugawara Fumio , Yoshida Hiromi , Mizushina Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Cycle‐Dependence of Topological Resonance Energy.
Authors: Gutman Ivan , Stankovic Sonja , Durdevic Jelena , Furtula Boris
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
QSPR Study of Critical Micelle Concentration of Anionic Surfactants Using Computational Molecular Descriptors.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Pacureanu Liliana , Dobchev Dimitar , Karelson Mati
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aromaticity of Carbon Nanotubes.
Authors: Linert Wolfgang , Lukovits Istvan
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Growth in Catacondensed Benzenoid Graphs.
Authors: Luksic Primoz , Pisanski Tomaz
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein—Protein Binding‐Sites Prediction by Protein Surface Structure Conservation.
Authors: Konc Janez , Janezic Dusanka
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐ to Four‐Dimensional Kernels for Virtual Screening and the Prediction of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties.
Authors: Azencott Chloe‐Agathe , Ksikes Alexandre , Swamidass S. Joshua , Chen Jonathan H. , Ralaivola Liva , Baldi Pierre
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Identifying Promising Compounds in Drug Discovery: Genetic Algorithms and Some New Statistical Techniques.
Authors: Mandal Abhyuday , Johnson Kjell , Wu C. F. Jeff , Bornemeier Dirk
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alternative to Consensus Scoring — A New Approach Toward the Qualitative Combination of Docking Algorithms.
Authors: Wolf Antje , Zimmermann Marc , Hofmann‐Apitius Martin
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fuzzy Structure Generation: A New Efficient Tool for Computer‐Aided Structure Elucidation (CASE).
Authors: Elyashberg Mikhail E. , Blinov Kirill A. , Molodtsov Sergey G. , Williams Antony J. , Martin Gary E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Potential of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Channel Modulators for the Treatment of Pain.
Authors: Westaway Susan M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combinatorial Study of the Optimization of Y2O3:Bi,Eu Red Phosphors.
Authors: Chan Ting‐Shan , Kang Chia‐Chen , Liu Ru‐Shi , Chen Lei , Liu Xiao‐Nan , Ding Jian‐Jun , Bao Jun , Gao Chen
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some New N1‐[(2‐Oxo‐3‐chloro‐4‐aryl‐azitidin)‐(acetyl amino)]‐indole Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Activity.
Authors: Guru S. , Yadav R. , Srivastava Soumya , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava S. D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New C‐5 Substituted Pyrrolotriazine Dual Inhibitors of EGFR and HER2 Protein Tyrosine Kinases.
Authors: Mastalerz Harold , et al. et al.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphates and Hydrogen Phosphates as Materials for Catalysts and Humidity Sensors
Authors: Tada A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermodynamics of Actinide Complexation in Solution at Elevated Temperatures: Application of Variable‐Temperature Titration Calorimetry
Authors: Rao Linfeng
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Spherical Nanocrystals
Authors: Park Jongnam , Joo Jin , Kwon Soon Gu , Jang Youngjin , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Metal Complexes
Authors: Garay Ana Lazuen , Pichon Anne , James Stuart L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Oxocarbon C12O6 via Highly Strained Benzyne Intermediates
Authors: Butenschoen Holger
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Activation of Alkenes by Platinum(II): So Much More Than a Slow Version of Palladium(II)
Authors: Chianese Anthony R. , Lee Stephen J. , Gagne Michel R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Central Nicotinic Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Romanelli M. Novella , Gratteri Paola , Guandalini Luca , Martini Elisabetta , Bonaccini Claudia , Gualtieri Fulvio
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,2,3,4,5‐Pentathiepines and 1,2,3,4,5‐Pentathiepanes
Authors: Konstantinova L. S. , Amelichev S. A. , Rakitin O. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radicals Masquerading as Electrophiles: Dual Orbital Effects in Nitrogen‐Philic Acyl Radical Cyclization and Related Addition Reactions
Authors: Schiesser Carl H. , Wille Uta , Matsubara Hiroshi , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemotherapeutic Interventions Targeting HIV Interactions with Host‐Associated Carbohydrates
Authors: McReynolds Katherine D. , Gervay‐Hague Jacquelyn
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in the Chemistry of Dipyrrins and Their Complexes
Authors: Wood Tabitha E. , Thompson Alison
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploiting the Dithiocarbamate Ligand in Metal‐Directed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Cookson James , Beer Paul D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heavy Metal Responses of Human Metallothionein Isoform Genes
Authors: Miura Nobuhiko , Koizumi Shinji
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cytokine‐Induced Metallothionein Expression and Modulation of Cytokine Expression by Metallothionein
Authors: Itoh Norio , Kimura Tomoki
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analysis of Toxicity Using Metallothionein Knockout Mice
Authors: Satoh Masahiko
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Approaches to Molecular Logic Elements for Addition and Subtraction
Authors: Pischel Uwe
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tracing the Origins and Evolution of Chirality and Handedness in Chemical Language
Authors: Cintas Pedro
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Some Modern Methods for Estimation of Reactivity of Organic Compounds
Authors: Zevatskii Yu. E. , Samoilov D. V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Utility of parametrectomy for early stage cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Grigsby Perry W. , Brooks Rebecca , Powell Matthew A. , Gibb Randall K. , Gao Feng , Rader Janet S. , Mutch David G.
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND.

Removal of the parametrial soft tissue is recommended for patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. Parametrectomy results in significant morbidity. The objective of the study was to determine factors predictive of parametrial tumor spread and to define a subset of patients at low risk for parametrial disease.

METHODS.

Patients with invasive cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy from 1989–2005 were examined. Analysis was performed to determine factors associated with parametrial tumor spread. Survival estimates were determined using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

RESULTS.

A total of 594 patients were identified. Parametrial metastases were documented in 64 (10.8%). Factors associated with parametrial disease were: histology, advanced grade, deep cervical invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), large tumor size, advanced stage, uterine or vaginal involvement, and pelvic or para‐aortic lymph node metastases (P < .0001 for each). Parametrial metastases were associated with increased risk of recurrence and decreased disease‐free and overall survivals (P < .0001). A subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients at low risk for parametrial spread. In pelvic node‐negative women parametrial disease was noted in 6.0% (30/498) compared with 47.9% (34 of 71) of those with positive pelvic nodes (P < .0001). If further stratified to women with negative nodes, no LVSI, and tumors < 2 cm, the incidence of parametrial disease was only 0.4%.

CONCLUSIONS.

Parametrial spread is a strong predictor of recurrence and decreased survival. Parametrial invasion is rare in patients with small tumors, no LVSI, and negative pelvic nodes (no poor prognostic factors). Further study is warranted to determine the feasibility of omitting parametrectomy in these low‐risk patients. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Multimodality therapy for pancreatic cancer in the U.S.
Authors: Bilimoria Karl Y. , Bentrem David J. , Ko Clifford Y. , Tomlinson James S. , Stewart Andrew K. , Winchester David P. , Talamonti Mark S.
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND.

Despite decreased perioperative morbidity and mortality and clinical trials suggesting improved outcomes with adjuvant therapy, national practice patterns in the management of pancreatic cancer remain poorly defined. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate multimodality therapy utilization and outcomes relative to hospital type and volume.

METHODS.

Using the National Cancer Data Base, stage‐specific treatment patterns were analyzed for 301,033 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Logistic regression was used to evaluate treatment utilization. Cox proportional hazards modeling was utilized to evaluate the effect of multimodality therapy on survival.

RESULTS.

Stage at presentation did not differ from 1985–1994 to 1995–2003; however, the percentage of patients receiving cancer‐directed treatment increased from 45.1% to 51.8% (P< .001). Pancreatectomy for localized disease (AJCC 6th edition stages I and II) increased from 36.9% to 49.3% (P< .001). After resection, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy alone increased from 4.1% to 5.7% (P< .001), but the use of adjuvant radiation alone decreased from 7.0% to 4.6% (P< .001). Adjuvant chemoradiation use increased from 26.8% to 38.7% (P< .001). The use of surgery alone decreased from 62.1% (5213 of 8400 cases) to 49.9% (10,807 of 21,679 cases) (P< .001). Patients with localized pancreatic cancer were more likely to receive pancreatectomy and adjuvant chemoradiation at academic and high‐volume centers (P< .001). Survival for localized disease was better after surgery with adjuvant therapy (hazards ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.42–0.47) and surgical resection alone (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.52–0.57) compared with no treatment.

CONCLUSIONS.

To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the largest study regarding pancreatic cancer performed to date, and the first to investigate national practice patterns for multimodality therapy utilization. Multimodality therapy utilization has increased over time and appears to have a beneficial impact on survival. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A critical appraisal of conventional and investigational drug therapy in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome and clonal eosinophilia
Authors: Kalac Matko , Quintás‐Cardama Alfonso , Vrhovac Radovan , Kantarjian Hagop , Verstovsek Srdan
Published: July 2007

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent and marked eosinophilia, leading to end‐organ damage. Over the last decade, great progress has been made in unraveling the molecular basis of HES that has resulted in the characterization of specific genetic alterations linked to clonal eosinophilia. The most frequently encountered genetic aberrancy is the cryptic FIP1‐like 1/platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (FIP1L1‐PDGFRA) fusion transcript, which results in an eosinophilic, myeloproliferative disorder. In addition, in a subset of patients with HES, a population of aberrant T cells that secretes interleukin‐5 can be identified, indicating the existence of lymphocyte‐mediated hypereosinophilia. These new insights have led to both a genetically based (re)classification of eosinophilic blood disorders and to effective therapies with targeted agents, such as small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, imatinib, nilotinib, PKC412) and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies (eg, mepolizumab, alemtuzumab). These targeted therapies hold great promise for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with HES and clonal eosinophilia, and they have exhibited relatively safe toxicity profiles. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Neurotoxicity of bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma: A single‐center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Badros Ashraf , Goloubeva Olga , Dalal Jay S. , Can Ilyas , Thompson Jennifer , Rapoport Aaron P. , Heyman Meyer , Akpek Gorgon , Fenton Robert G.
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND.

Bortezomib is active in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients; the dose‐limiting toxicity is peripheral neuropathy (PN).

METHODS.

The authors retrospectively reviewed the incidence, severity, and risk factors for PN in 78 patients who received bortezomib. The median age was 57 years (range, 33–80 years), 62% of patients were men, and 37% of patients were African Americans. Seventeen patients (22%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), and 66 patients (85%) had received thalidomide. Before bortezomib treatment, 37% of the patients reported subjective, grade 1 or 2 PN. Patients received bortezomib alone (n = 10 patients) plus dexamethasone (n = 36 patients) and thalidomide (n = 20 patients) or chemotherapy (n = 12 patients). PN affected 52% of patients, including grade 3 and 4 PN in 15% and 7%, respectively.

RESULTS.

Twelve patients stopped bortezomib because of side effects that included PN (n = 9 patients), diarrhea (n = 2 patients) and cytomegalovirus pneumonia (n = 1 patient); 11 patients had dose reductions because of PN. Grade 4 PN affected 6 patients (sensory, n = 4 patients; motor/sensory, n = 2 patients). The onset of grade 4 PN was sudden rather than cumulative. Factors that were predictive of PN grade were baseline PN (P = .002), prior thalidomide use (P = .03), and the presence of DM (P = .03). Multiple myeloma responses included complete, near complete, and partial responses in 5% of patients, 10% of patients, and 27% of patients, respectively. Responses were independent of PN and of whether bortezomib was combined with chemotherapy or thalidomide. Patients remained on therapy longer for a median of 5 cycles (range, 2–36 cycles) when they received bortezomib plus thalidomide versus 3 cycles (range, 1–19 cycles) for the other combinations. PN therapy was mostly supportive. It was noteworthy that 6 of 9 patients with PN who received lenalidomide as salvage therapy after bortezomib had significant improvement in their symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS.

The risk of bortezomib‐related PN was greater in patients who had PN and DM at baseline. The authors concluded that an unexpected, symptomatic improvement of PN on lenalidomide is worth further investigation. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Specification, planning, and execution of QoS‐aware Grid workflows within the Amadeus environment
Authors: Brandic Ivona , Pllana Sabri , Benkner Siegfried
Published: July 2007

Commonly, at a high level of abstraction Grid applications are specified based on the workflow paradigm. However, majority of Grid workflow systems either do not support Quality of Service (QoS), or provide only partial QoS support for certain phases of the workflow lifecycle. In this paper we present Amadeus, which is a holistic service‐oriented environment for QoS‐aware Grid workflows. Amadeus considers user requirements, in terms of QoS constraints, during workflow specification, planning, and execution. Within the Amadeus environment workflows and the associated QoS constraints are specified at a high level using an intuitive graphical notation. A distinguishing feature of our system is the support of a comprehensive set of QoS requirements, which considers in addition to performance and economical aspects also legal and security aspects. A set of QoS‐aware service‐oriented components is provided for workflow planning to support automatic constraint‐based service negotiation and workflow optimization. For improving the efficiency of workflow planning we introduce a QoS‐aware workflow reduction technique. Furthermore, we present our static and dynamic planning strategies for workflow execution in accordance with user‐specified requirements. For each phase of the workflow lifecycle we experimentally evaluate the corresponding Amadeus components. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic dendritic spine analysis in two‐photon laser scanning microscopy images
Authors: Bai Wenjia , Zhou Xiaobo , Ji Liang , Cheng Jie , Wong Stephen T. C.
Published: July 2007

Dendritic spine expression plays an important role in the central nervous system. Modern fluorescence microscopy and green fluorescent protein technology have facilitated the research on spines. To quantitatively analyze the spines in fluorescence microscopy images, an automatic dendritic spine analysis method is proposed. Because of the limit of axial resolution, our method is designed to process the projection image along the z‐axis and analyze the lateral spines. The method can automatically extract the dendrite centerlines and segment the spines along the dendrites according to width‐based criteria. The criteria utilize a common morphological feature of the spines. It can detect some shapes of spines missed by previous methods. In addition, the proposed method is automatic once a few parameters are set. Spine numbers, lengths, and densities, which biologists are interested in, are analyzed both manually and automatically. The results of the two methods match well. The proposed method provides automatic and accurate dendritic spine analysis. It can serve as a useful tool for spine image analysis to avoid tedious manual labor. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
TCR and CD3 antibody cross‐reactivity in 44 species
Authors: Conrad Melanie L. , Davis William C. , Koop Ben F.
Published: July 2007

The production of monoclonal antibodies is very costly, and antibodies are only available for a limited number of species. Until a more cost effective method of antibody production is found, identification of cross‐reactive antibodies is an alternative approach that can provide investigators studying immunity in minor species with valuable antibody reagents. Flow cytometry was used to test 21 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), raised against αβ and γδ T cell receptors and CD3 from human and five animal species, for cross‐reactivity in 44 different species including 16 species of nonhuman primates, marsupials, carnivores, lagomorphs, rodents, ruminants, swine, cetacean, horse, birds, a reptile, and fish. Fifteen of the mAbs cross‐reacted with orthologous molecules in one or more species. Two antibodies, anti‐human TCR γδ (B1.1), and anti‐human CD3 (SP34) were found to costain in 13 species of nonhuman primates. This study has identified valuable new reagents for studying T cell populations in different animal species and for the first time characterized antibodies useful for studying γδ T cell populations in many species of primates. These antibodies may be used for further immunity research in species with less well‐characterized immune systems. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Detection of blob objects in microscopic zebrafish images based on gradient vector diffusion
Authors: Li Gang , Liu Tianming , Nie Jingxin , Guo Lei , Malicki Jarema , Mara Andrew , Holley Scott A. , Xia Weiming , Wong Stephen T. C.
Published: July 2007

The zebrafish has become an important vertebrate animal model for the study of developmental biology, functional genomics, and disease mechanisms. It is also being used for drug discovery. Computerized detection of blob objects has been one of the important tasks in quantitative phenotyping of zebrafish. We present a new automated method that is able to detect blob objects, such as nuclei or cells in microscopic zebrafish images. This method is composed of three key steps. The first step is to produce a diffused gradient vector field by a physical elastic deformable model. In the second step, the flux image is computed on the diffused gradient vector field. The third step performs thresholding and nonmaximum suppression based on the flux image. We report the validation and experimental results of this method using zebrafish image datasets from three independent research labs. Both sensitivity and specificity of this method are over 90%. This method is able to differentiate closely juxtaposed or connected blob objects, with high sensitivity and specificity in different situations. It is characterized by a good, consistent performance in blob object detection. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Mixture‐model classification in DNA content analysis
Authors: Wang Huixia , Huang Shuguang
Published: July 2007

DNA abundance provides important information about cell physiology and proliferation activity. In a typical in vitro cellular assay, the distribution of the DNA content within a sample is comprised of cell debris, G0/G1‐, S‐, and G2/M‐phase cells. In some circumstances, there may be a collection of cells that contain more than two copies of DNA. The primary focus of DNA content analysis is to deconvolute the overlapping mixtures of the cellular components, and subsequently to investigate whether a given treatment has perturbed the mixing proportions of the sample components. We propose a restricted mixture model that is parameterized to incorporate the available biological information. A likelihood ratio (LR) test is developed to test for changes in the mixing proportions between two cell populations. The proposed mixture model is applied to both simulated and real experimental data. The model fitting is compared with unrestricted models; the statistical inference on proportion change is compared between the proposed LR test and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, which is frequently used to test for differences in DNA content distribution. The proposed mixture model outperforms the existing approaches in the estimation of the mixing proportions and gives biologically interpretable results; the proposed LR test demonstrates improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting changes in the mixing proportions. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Enhancing cognitive radio systems with robust reasoning
Authors: Adamopoulou Evgenia , Demestichas Konstantinos , Demestichas Panagiotis , Theologou Michael
Published: July 2007

Cognitive radio systems dynamically reconfigure the algorithms and parameters they use, in order to adapt to the changing environment conditions. However, reaching proper reconfiguration decisions presupposes a way of knowing, with high enough assurance, the capabilities of the alternate configurations, especially in terms of achievable transmission capacity and coverage. The present paper addresses this problem, firstly, by specifying a complete process for extracting estimations of the capabilities of candidate configurations, in terms of transmission capacity and coverage, and, secondly, by enhancing these estimations with the employment of a machine learning technique. The technique is based on the use of Bayesian Networks, in conjunction with an effective learning and adaptation strategy, and aims at extracting and exploiting knowledge and experience, in order to reach robust (i.e. stable and reliable) estimations of the configurations' capabilities. Comprehensive results of the proposed method are presented, in order to validate its functionality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sp1/Sp3 compound heterozygous mice are not viable: Impaired erythropoiesis and severe placental defects
Authors: Krüger Imme , Vollmer Marion , Simmons David , Elsässer Hans‐Peter , Philipsen Sjaak , Suske Guntram
Published: July 2007

The ubiquitously expressed zinc finger transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 play critical roles in embryonic development. Sp1 knockout mice die around embryonic day 10.5. Mice lacking Sp3 are postnatal lethal. Mice heterozygous for either Sp1 or Sp3 are apparently normal, although slightly smaller. Here, we show that compound heterozygosity of Sp1 and Sp3 results in embryonic lethality accompanied by a spectrum of developmental abnormalities, including growth retardation, morphological alterations of the lung, impaired ossification, anemia, and placental defects. Anemia in Sp1/Sp3 compound heterozygous mutant embryos is associated with impaired maturation of erythrocytes. Analyses of the placenta revealed a markedly reduced spongiotrophoblast layer and a severe disorganization of the labyrinth layer in Sp1/Sp3 compound heterozygous as well as in Sp3‐deficient mutant embryos. Our findings demonstrate that a threshold of Sp1 and Sp3 activity is required for normal embryonic development, suggesting that Sp1 and Sp3 act cooperatively to regulate downstream targets. Developmental Dynamics 236:2235–2244, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sox6 is required for normal fiber type differentiation of fetal skeletal muscle in mice
Authors: Hagiwara Nobuko , Yeh Michael , Liu Ann
Published: July 2007

Sox6, a member of the Sox family of transcription factors, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Despite its abundant expression, the role of Sox6 in muscle development is not well understood. We hypothesize that, in fetal muscle, Sox6 functions as a repressor of slow fiber type‐specific genes. In the wild‐type mouse, differentiation of fast and slow fibers becomes apparent during late fetal stages (after approximately embryonic day 16). However, in the Sox6 null‐p100H mutant mouse, all fetal muscle fibers maintain slow fiber characteristics, as evidenced by expression of the slow myosin heavy chain MyHC‐β. Knockdown of Sox6 expression in wild‐type myotubes results in a significant increase in MyHC‐β expression, supporting our hypothesis. Analysis of the MyHC‐β promoter revealed a Sox consensus sequence that likely functions as a negative cis‐regulatory element. Together, our results suggest that Sox6 plays a critical role in the fiber type differentiation of fetal skeletal muscle. Developmental Dynamics 236:2062–2076, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The embryonic human choriocapillaris develops by hemo‐vasculogenesis
Authors: Hasegawa Takuya , McLeod D. Scott , Bhutto Imran A. , Prow Tarl , Merges Carol A. , Grebe Rhonda , Lutty Gerard A.
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this study was to characterize normal human choroidal vascular development from 6–23 weeks gestation (WG). Markers of endothelial cells (EC) (CD34, CD31, vWf), angioblasts and EC (CD39), leukocytes (CD45), erythroblasts (epsilon chain of hemoglobin, Hb‐e), proliferating cells (Ki67), and VEGFR‐2 were employed. At 6–7 WG, many erythroblasts were observed within islands of precursor cells in the choriocapillaris layer and others were independent from the islands. Many erythroblasts (Hb‐ϵ+) were also positive for EC markers and/or VEGFR‐2. By 8–12 WG, most of the Hb‐ϵ cells had disappeared and vascular lumens became apparent. At 14–23 WG, some EC were proliferating on the scleral side of choriocapillaris in association with forming deeper vessels. In conclusion, embryonic choriocapillaris appears to form initially by hemo‐vasculogenesis (blood vessels and blood cells form simultaneously from common precursors) while angiogenesis appears to be the mode of intermediate and large choroidal vessel development in the fetus. Developmental Dynamics 236:2089–2100, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Wise in chick embryos
Authors: Shigetani Y. , Itasaki N.
Published: July 2007

We have performed in situ hybridization to study the expression of Wise in early chick embryos. Wise expression is first detectable in the ectoderm at posterior levels of late neurula. As development proceeds, Wise expression is seen in specific patterns in the ectoderm of the trunk region, pharyngeal arches, limb buds, and feather buds. In addition to these areas, particular cartilages such as the ones in the maxillary process and limbs start to express Wise at the late pharyngula stage, and the expression in these cartilages becomes stronger than that in epidermal components at later stages. Importantly, Wise is expressed in regions where other signaling molecules such as Wnt, Bmp, and Shh are known to function in morphogenesis and differentiation. Direct comparisons of the expression of Wise and these genes are also demonstrated. Developmental Dynamics 236:2277–2284, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of chick Fgf19 and mouse Fgf15 orthologs is regulated in the developing brain by Fgf8 and Shh
Authors: Gimeno L. , Martinez S.
Published: July 2007

Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) constitute a family of signaling molecules that play essential roles in development. We have studied the expression pattern of mouse Fgf15 in the developing brain. Fgf19 is another member of the FGF family that has been suggested as the chick and human ortholog of mouse and rat Fgf15. Here, we compare the expression pattern during neural development of chick Fgf19 with mouse Fgf15. Unlike Fgf15, Fgf19 presents an expression in the isthmic alar plate, diencephalic and mesencephalic parabasal plates, hindbrain basal plate, as well as in the zona limitans intrathalamica (zli). Moreover, we explored the regulation between Fgf19 and the signaling molecules of the isthmic and zli organizers: Fgf8 and Shh, respectively. Considering the possibility that Fgf19 plays a similar role in humans and chicks, this finding could explain the significant diencephalic phenotypic differences between humans and mice in models and diseases where the Shh pathway is affected. Developmental Dynamics 236:2285–2297, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Pinin in neural crest, dorsal dermis, and axial skeleton development and its involvement in the regulation of Tcf/Lef activity in mice
Authors: Joo Jeong‐Hoon , Lee Young Jae , Munguba Gustavo C. , Park Sean , Taxter Timothy J. , Elsagga Mohamed Y. , Jackson Moira R. , Oh S. Paul , Sugrue Stephen P.
Published: July 2007

Previous in vitro studies have indicated multiple and varied roles of Pinin (PNN); however, its in vivo role has remained unclear. Here, we report generation of null, hypomorphic, and conditional Pnn alleles in mice. We found that insertion of neomycin‐resistance cassette into intron 8 of Pnn resulted in knockdown of Pnn, which allowed Pnn hypomorphic embryos to pass peri‐implantation lethality. These mice are lethal at perinatal stages and exhibit defects in the cardiac outflow tract, palate, dorsal dermis, and axial skeleton. Since Wnt/β‐catenin signaling has been shown to play pivotal roles in development of all tissues affected by Pnn hypomorphism, we speculated that Pnn may affect Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Supporting this view, we demonstrate abnormal activities of Tcf/Lef transcription factors, and alterations in β‐catenin level in multiple Pnn hypomorphic tissues. Taken together, the data suggest that Pnn plays important roles during mouse development through its involvement in regulation of Tcf/Lef activity. Developmental Dynamics 236:2147–2158, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic analysis of a novel chordin mutant in medaka
Authors: Takashima Shigeo , Shimada Atsuko , Kobayashi Daisuke , Yokoi Hayato , Narita Takanori , Jindo Tomoko , Kage Takahiro , Kitagawa Tadao , Kimura Tetsuaki , Sekimizu Koshin , Miyake Akimitsu , Setiamarga Davin H.E. , Murakami Ryohei , Tsuda Sachiko , Ooki Shinya , Kakihara Ken , Hojo Motoki , Naruse Kiyoshi , Mitani Hiroshi , Shima Akihiro , Ishikawa Yuji , Araki Kazuo , Saga Yumiko , Takeda Hiroyuki
Published: July 2007

We have isolated and characterized a ventralized mutant in medaka (the Japanese killifish; Oryzias latipes), which turned out to have a mutation in the chordin gene. The mutant exhibits ventralization of the body axis, malformation of axial bones, over‐bifurcation of yolk sac blood vessels, and laterality defects in internal organs. The mutant exhibits variability of phenotypes, depending on the culture temperature, from embryos with a slightly ventralized phenotype to those without any head and trunk structures. Taking advantages of these variable and severe phenotypes, we analyzed the role of Chordin‐dependent tissues such as the notochord and Kupffer's vesicle (KV) in the establishment of left–right axis in fish. The results demonstrate that, in the absence of the notochord and KV, the medaka lateral plate mesoderm autonomously and bilaterally expresses spaw gene in a default state. Developmental Dynamics 236:2298–2310, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential subcellular sequestration of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins and colocalization of Bcl‐xL with the germ plasm, in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Kloc Malgorzata , Shirato Yuri , Bilinski Szczepan , Browder Leon W. , Johnston Jillian
Published: July 2007

Apoptosis is an important element of normal embryonic development and gametogenesis in invertebrate and vertebrate species. Although the components of apoptotic machinery are present in Xenopus laevis fully grown stage VI oocytes and eggs, apoptosis in the developing Xenopus ovary is limited to the somatic cells with no indication of apoptosis in the germ cells. Considering the possibility that Xenopus previtellogenic oocytes might lack the components of the apoptotic pathway, we analyzed Xenopus Stage I oocytes for the presence of the proapoptotic factors Bax and tumor suppressor p53, and antiapoptotic factors Bcl‐xL and mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60). We found that pro‐ and antiapoptotic proteins are present in Xenopus oocytes but, surprisingly, they are located in distinct subcellular compartments with proapoptotic proteins Bax and p53 being sequestered in the oocyte nucleus and antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL sequestered in the cytoplasm and highly enriched in the METRO region of the mitochondrial cloud, where it colocalized with the germ plasm, and Hsp60 colocalizing with all mitochondria. The absence of apoptosis in Xenopus early oogenesis is maybe due to differential sequestration of pro‐ and antiapoptotic molecules. genesis 45:523–531, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
220,000‐r/min, 2‐kW PM motor drive for turbocharger
Authors: Noguchi Toshihiko , Takata Yosuke , Pyamashita Yukio , Komatsu Yoshimi , Ibaraki Seiichi
Published: July 2007

This paper describes an ultrahigh‐speed permanent‐magnet synchronous motor drive, which is embedded in a turbocharger of an internal‐combustion engine. The electrical drive makes it possible to enhance output power of the turbocharger in a motoring mode and to retrieve combustion energy from exhaust gas in a regenerating mode. Computer simulations and experimental tests are conducted to examine various operation characteristics of a prototype. The experimental data demonstrate 220,000‐r/min operation at 2.2‐kW inverter output power, in good agreement with the simulation results and proving the feasibility of the proposed system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 31–40, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20408
Synthesis and Characterisation of Semi‐Bridging Molybdenum Borylene Complexes
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Radacki Krzysztof , Uttinger Katharina
Published: July 2007

Investigation of the reactivity of the molybdenum borylene complex [(OC)5Mo=B=N(SiMe3)2] towards the late transition metal complexes [M(PCy3)2] (M = Pd, Pt) indicated the formation of [(OC)4Mo(μ‐CO){μ‐BN(SiMe3)2}Pd(PCy3)] and [(Cy3P)(OC)3Mo(μ‐CO){μ‐BN(SiMe3)2}Pt(PCy3)], respectively, as the first Mo‐based semi‐bridging borylene complexes. The new complexes were fully characterised spectroscopically and analysed by X‐ray diffraction. The conclusions drawn from the experimental data for the ligand‐metal interactions for this particular coordination mode of a borylene group were supported by DFT computations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
New [4.4]Cyclophane Diketals, Monoketones, and Diketones: Design, Synthesis, and Structural Analysis
Authors: Bogdan Niculina , Grosu Ion , Condamine Eric , Toupet Loïc , Ramondenc Yvan , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Ioan , Plé Gérard , Bogdan Elena
Published: July 2007

The synthesis of some new [4.4]cyclophane diketals, monoketones, and diketones in good yields is reported along with the unusually low reactivity towards hydrolysis of the spiro‐1,3‐dioxane rings connected to the cyclophane bridges. The structural analysis carried out by X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry shows significant intra‐ and intermolecular π–π and C–H–π interactions. The rotation of the aromatic rings and the flipping of the bridges have been investigated by molecular modeling and variable‐temperature NMR experiments. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Formal Synthesis of (+)‐ and (–)‐Ferruginine
Authors: Piccardi Riccardo , Renaud Philippe
Published: July 2007

A formal synthesis of the naturally occurring (+)‐ferrugine and of its enantiomer starting from the commercially available tropinone is reported. The desymmetrization of tropinone was achieved through formation of diastereomeric unsaturated sulfoxides using the Andersen procedure. Introduction of the acetyl C(2) side chain was achieved by conjugate addition of lithiated ethyl vinyl ether to an unsaturated sulfone. N‐Boc‐Norferruginine, an advanced intermediate for the synthesis of ferruginine, was prepared in six steps and 19 % overall yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)