bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood deprivation and association with 18-month neurodevelopmental impairment of preterm infants born in a dense urban setting
Authors: Sahni Prateek V , Kim Faith , Isler Joseph R , Sahni Rakesh
Published: December 2024

Background

Neighborhood adversity’s impact on 18-month neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) is not well-described. The aim of our study was to determine whether area deprivation index (ADI), a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, at birth is associated with 18-month NDI of preterm infants born in dense urban setting.

Methods

A retrospective case-cohort study was performed in infants born at 23–32 weeks gestational age (GA) with birth weight (BW) ≤1250 g between 2013 and 2017 and evaluated for NDI at 18-month corrected age (CA). Socioeconomic deprivation was computed geospatially using subject addresses that were mapped to national ADI rankings. Subjects were categorized as low (<26th percentile) or high (26–100th percentile) ADI neighborhoods and with/without NDI if any of Bayley-III cognition, language, or motor composite scores were <70. The relationship between ADI and NDI was analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for GA and BW and group comparisons were made.

Results

Data were available in 119 patients (GA = 27.2 ± 2.2 weeks, BW = 870 ± 246 g). Children with NDI at 18-month CA were born at an earlier GA ( p < .001) with lower BW ( p < .03) and to mothers living in high ADI neighborhoods ( p < .02). Patients from lower ADI neighborhoods at birth had higher Bayley-III cognition ( p < .0001), language ( p < .005), and motor ( p = .03) composite scores at 18-month CA. Cognition ( p < .01), language ( p < .003) and motor ( p < .03) composite scores decreased with increasing ADI percentiles.

Conclusions

Among infants born 23–32 weeks GA in a dense urban setting, ADI at birth is associated with NDI at 18 months with lower cognitive, language, and motor scores in preterm infants from higher ADI neighborhoods.
Survey of Utilization of Weightbearing Computed Tomography Within AOFAS Membership
Authors: Reddy Sudheer C. , Netto Cesar de Cesar
Published: December 2024

Background

Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) has been increasingly employed to evaluate and treat patients with varied pathologies such as progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), posttraumatic deformity, hallux valgus, ankle arthritis, Charcot arthropathy, lisfranc, and syndesmosis injuries. However, little is known regarding its overall availability to foot and ankle providers and how it is being used in clinical practice. The goal of this study is to assess the utilization of WBCT among AOFAS members, identify the indications for use in clinical practice and potential barriers for implementation.

Methods

A survey was emailed to AOFAS members inquiring about the use WBCT in clinical practice. Practice and demographic information were also collected. A total of 220 responses were collected over a 2-month period. Respondents were queried with respect to the availability of WBCT in practice, indications for use, frequency of use, ownership of the scanner, and barriers to implementation.

Results

58% of respondents did not have access to WBCT. Most respondents were in practice 10 years or more (69%). Single-specialty private practice was the most common practice type (39%). Of those with access to WBCT, 5 or fewer scans were ordered per week (57% of respondents). Evaluation of hindfoot/ankle deformity was the most common indication (69% of respondents) with it being used as a preoperative evaluation tool approximately 25% of the time (57% of respondents). Radiology department owned WBCT in most institutions (34%). 75% of respondents with WBCT use it postoperatively less than 25% of the time. Of those without WBCT, 94% stated they would like to have it with cost being the most significant barrier to implementation.

Conclusion

Most respondents surveyed did not have access to WBCT, with cost being the greatest barrier. However, 94% of those without it would like to have access to it. For those with access, it is used 5 or fewer times per week with evaluation of hindfoot/ankle deformity being the most common indication.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV (Observational Study)
Adult Literacy Skills and Risk of Job Automation Among Middle-Aged and Older Workers in the United States
Authors: Narine Donnette , Yamashita Takashi , Chidebe Runcie C. W. , Cummins Phyllis A. , Kramer Jenna W. , Karam Rita
Published: December 2024

Job automation can undermine economic security for workers in general, and older workers, in particular. In this respect, consistently updating one’s knowledge and skills is essential for being competitive in a technology-driven labor market. Older workers with lower adult literacy skills experience difficulties with continuous education and skills development, which can contribute to their economic uncertainty. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the correlation between adult literacy skills and job automation risk. We analyzed a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older workers (age 50+ years; n = 1,880) from the 2012/2014/2017 Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) dataset. The survey-weighted linear regression results showed that lower job automation risks (0%–100%) were a function of higher adult literacy skills (score 0–500 points: b = −.052, p < .05), after adjusting for relevant covariates ( R-squared = .19).
De-implementation strategy to reduce overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the emergency department: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial
Authors: van Horrik Tessa M.Z.X.K. , Laan Bart J. , Stalenhoef Janneke E. , van Nieuwkoop Cees , Saanen Joppe B. , Schneeberger Caroline , Jong Eefje , Geerlings Suzanne E.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of bacteria in the urine of patients without symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Generally, treating ASB is not beneficial.

Objective:

We aimed to reduce overtreatment of ASB in the emergency department (ED) through a multifaceted de-implementation strategy.

Design:

A stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial.

Methods:

We performed our study in five EDs in the Netherlands from December 2020 to December 2021. Adult patients with urine cultures obtained during ED presentation were screened for inclusion and we excluded patients with indications for antibiotic therapy. The de-implementation strategy included education, reminders and competitive feedback on baseline results. The primary endpoint was patients with ASB treated with antibiotics. Secondary endpoints included the treatment duration and the number of urine tests ordered (urinalyses and urine cultures) in the ED per 1000 adult patients.

Results:

In total, 6837 urine cultures were screened. ASB was present in 224/3289 (7%) and 201/3548 (6%) patients, from whom 65/224 (29%) and 46/201 (23%) were inappropriately treated with antibiotics in the baseline and intervention period, respectively (adjusted odds ratio 1.20, 95% CI 0.56–2.62, p = 0.65). The number of urinalyses ordered decreased from 182 to 153 per 1000 patients (incidence rate difference −29.10, 95% CI −46.36 to −11.78, p < 0.001). Further, the treatment duration was shortened for patients with ASB in the intervention period (baseline period: 7.98 days (standard deviation (SD) 4.31) vs 5.79 days (SD 3.33), p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Diagnostic stewardship by our de-implementation strategy reduced the number of urinalyses ordered and treatment duration in the ED, but we found no significant reduction in overtreatment of ASB.

Trial registration:

The trial was registered at https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/25918 , on 17-12-2019, registration number NL8242. The first participants were enrolled on 01-12-2020.
“Right-Wing Safe Space” Versus “Comrade Major”: Media Ideologies of Far-Right Russian Social Media Users
Authors: Oskolkov Petr , Lewin Eyal , Lissitsa Sabina
Published: December 2024

A significant part of far-right activities worldwide take place within the media ecosystem formed by accounts and communities on social media platforms. Drawing on the media ideology approach, this study investigates how far-right Russian internet users perceive various social media platforms and how their sociopolitical beliefs affect these perceptions. Based on a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews, we argue that far-right users assess social media platforms according to the criteria of security, meaning privacy and non-cooperation with law enforcement agencies; freedom from moderation; and functionality, including informational, communicational, recreational, and self-expressional roles. The results demonstrate that, for a sociopolitically stigmatized user cohort, media ideology becomes a tool for adaptation and survival, stressing the factors of privacy protection and ideological proximity.
Validity, Stability, and Change in Psychopathic Traits in Older Adults: A Registered Report
Authors: Rose Leigha , Carter Nathan T. , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D. , Oltmanns Thomas F.
Published: December 2024

Despite the importance of psychopathy—a construct with robust relations with externalizing outcomes—little is known about how psychopathic traits manifest in middle-age to older adulthood. In the present investigation, we used a large and diverse sample of older adults from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network to examine psychopathy’s nomological network and whether these traits change over four time points spanning approximately 10 years. We also explored whether these changes were associated with changes in other important constructs (e.g., physical and psychological functioning) across the same time span. Psychopathy was operationalized in two ways: (a) via the factors of the triarchic psychopathy model, Meanness, Disinhibition, and Boldness, and (b) using a more macro approach via the Five-Factor Model Psychopathy Resemblance Index. We found that (a) the nomological network of psychopathy appears to be consistent with what has been observed in samples of younger adults, (b) psychopathic traits remain stable over time as adults make the transition from midlife to later life, and (c) changes that were observed are significantly related to changes in several important outcomes, including physical health, mental health, relationship satisfaction, intimate-partner aggression, and social functioning.
Are Skills Becoming an Increasingly Important Determinant of Life Outcomes?
Authors: Downey Douglas B. , Gibbs Benjamin , Grodsky Eric
Published: December 2024

Several theoretical traditions posit that individual skills (or human capital) have become stronger predictors of life outcomes over time. To date, however, significant limitations have hindered a confident empirical assessment of this important idea. Using six nationally representative datasets, the authors find surprisingly little support for the notion that measurable skills are becoming more important over time. Instead, the results reveal a durable relationship between measurable skills and socioeconomic outcomes despite periods of significant societal change.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy Joint Fabricated By Vortex Flow-Based Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Liu Xiaochao , Zhang Pengyu , Li Wentao , Ye Tao , Xia Chuanchao , Zhang Tairui , Shi Junmiao , Xie Jilin , Ni Zhonghua
Published: December 2024

Tool wear is a critical challenge in titanium alloy friction stir welding (FSW). Vortex flow-based FSW (VFSW) is a potential solution for this issue because the VFSW process uses a similar material to the base metal as the tool. In this study, TC4 titanium alloy was welded by VFSW for the first time. Parameter optimization of the vortex flow formation is first done, and then the weld formation and the joints’ microstructure and mechanical performance are investigated at different traversing speeds. The results prove that the plunging velocity is the dominant factor in the vortex depth. A lower plunging speed is beneficial for the formation of a deeper vortex. Full penetration is achieved at traversing speeds of 50–120 mm/min at 300 r/min. At welding speed above 130 mm/min, insufficient penetration defects occur. In the heat affected zone, grain coarsening and β-phase volume fraction increase arise, whereas, in the weld nugget, an α+β lamellar structure emerges. Under the optimized parameters, the joint tensile strength is nearly 98% of the base material, but the elongation decreases significantly. The oxides drawn into the weld by the vortex at the junction between the vortex and the base material are the main reason for the small elongation. This study proves that the VFSW process is feasible for titanium alloys.
Enhancing external quantum efficiency in a sky-blue OLED by charge transfer via Si quantum dots
Authors: Pei Zingway , Wei Han Yun , Liu Yi Chun , Subramani Thiyagu , Fukata Naoki
Published: December 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes aim to achieve high efficiency by using excitons to achieve a 100% quantum efficiency (QE). However, developing functional organic materials for this purpose can be time-consuming. To address this challenge, a new method has been proposed to incorporate inorganic quantum dots into the organic luminescent layer to enable unlimited exciton formation and approach the 100% QE limit. Inorganic quantum dots are clusters of atoms that contain numerous thermally generated electrons and holes at conduction and valence bands. Immersed quantum dots act as charge generation centers, providing electrons and holes with unlimited amounts to form excitons. After radiative recombination, these excitons generate photons that cause internal QE to nearly 100%. This concept has been demonstrated using Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) and phosphorescent materials. The average size of SiQDs is approximately 6 nm, and they are well-dispersed within the guest–host blue phosphorescent light-emitting materials. With only 5 × 10–3% (in weight) of SiQDs in the precursor, external QE increased from 2 to 17.7%, nearly a nine-fold enhancement. The prolonged decay time from 1.68 to 5.97 ns indicates that electrons are transferred from SiQDs to the luminescent materials. This universal method can be applied to green and red emissions with various inorganic quantum dots in different organic luminescent material systems.
Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shan Dan , Wang Congxiyu , Crawford Trevor , Holland Carol
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between COVID-19 infection and a possible increased likelihood of older adults developing new-onset dementia (NOD) remains elusive.

Methods

A thorough search was performed across several databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, medRxiv, and PQDT Global for studies published in English from January 2020 to December 2023. Only original investigations exploring the link between COVID-19 infection and NOD were selected for inclusion. We assessed the risk of developing NOD, using Risk Ratio (RR) for measurement. Control groups were categorized as: (i) a non-COVID cohort with other respiratory infections [control group (C1)]; and (ii) a non-COVID cohort with otherwise unspecified health status [control group (C2)]. Follow-up periods were divided into intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-COVID.

Results

11 studies (involving 939,824 post-COVID-19 survivors and 6,765,117 controls) were included in the review. Across a median observation period of 12 months post-COVID, the overall incidence of NOD was about 1.82% in the COVID-infected group, compared to 0.35% in the non-COVID-infected group. The overall pooled meta-analysis showed a significantly increased NOD risk among COVID-19 older adult survivors compared to non-COVID-19 controls (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.21–2.08). Similar increased NOD risks were observed in subgroup analyses restricted to an observational period of 12 months (RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.21–2.01), as well as in five studies that employed propensity score matching to sufficiently and effectively control for multiple confounding covariates (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.10–1.94). COVID-19 group and C1 group shared a comparably increased risk of developing NOD (overall RR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.92–1.38).

Discussion

Under normal circumstances, we believe that COVID-19 infection is likely to be a risk factor for developing NOD in older adults over time. While the increased NOD risk due to COVID-19 infection appears to be similar to that associated with other respiratory infections, it warrants and necessitates investigation with longer observations.
Declining trend of HTLV-1 among organ/ tissue donors in Iranian Tissue Bank between 2014–2021
Authors: Letafati Arash , Mozhgani Sayed Hamidreza , Norouzi Mehdi , Aboofazeli Amir , Taghiabadi Zahra , Zafarian Negar , Seyedi Saba , Jaberi Elnaz Mohammad , Poursaleh Sedigheh , Karami Maryam , Sarrafzadeh Sheida , Sadeghi Ahmadreza
Published: December 2024

Background

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with serious disorders, including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In addition to sexual, vertical, parenteral, and blood transfusion, organ/tissue transplantation is considered as a transmission route of HTLV infection. Given the substantial risk of HTLV-1 transmission and the subsequent development of HAM/TSP (approximately 40%) in kidney transplant recipients, pre-transplant donor screening is crucial. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HTLV-1 in potential organ/tissue donors referred to the Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center (ITBRC).

Materials and methods

The study population was potential organ and/or tissue donors referred to ITBRC between 2014 and 2021, including two groups of brain death (potential donors of organs and/or tissues) and circulatory death donors (potential tissue donors from Iranian Legal Medicine Organization). Initial screening was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and positive cases were confirmed for HTLV-1 infection with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

111 out of 3,814 donors were positive for HTLV-1 (3%). The rate of positive tests between 2014 and 2017 was 6%, which was significantly higher than the positive tests percentage between 2017 and 2021 with 0.5% (P-value < 0.001). The rate of test positivity in females was 4% compared to 2% in males (P-value = 0.001). Furthermore, individuals diagnosed with brain death exhibited a significantly lower likelihood of HTLV-1 infection (0.2%) compared to cases with circulatory death (4%) (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion

Considering the contraindication of organ/tissue donation from donors with HTLV-1 positive test, these findings give an insight into the prevalence of HTLV-1 among potential organ/tissue donors in Iran. Moreover, the higher prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in circulatory death donors from Iranian Legal Medicine Organization urges for cautious evaluation in these donors.
Formulation, Development, and Characterization of AMB-Based Subcutaneous Implants using PCL and PLGA via Hot-Melt Extrusion
Authors: Chitnis Kshitij , Narala Nagarjuna , Vemula Sateesh Kumar , Narala Sagar , Munnangi Sivaram , Repka Michael A.
Published: December 2024

The hot-melt extrusion process is currently considered a prominent manufacturing technique in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study is intended to develop amlodipine besylate (AMB)-loaded subcutaneous implants to reduce the frequency of administration, thus improving patient compliance during hypertension management. AMB subcutaneous implants were prepared using continuous hot-melt extrusion technology using poly(caprolactone) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with dimensions of 3.70 cm (length) by 2.00 mm (diameter). The implants were characterized for thermal characteristics, drug-excipient incompatibilities, surface morphology, fracturability, in vitro drug release, and stability studies. Differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed the drug's crystalline state within the fabricated implants, while textural analysis demonstrated good fracturability in the lead formulation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the smooth surface morphology of the lead subcutaneous implant. The lead formulation showed an extended drug release profile over 30 days (~ 2.25 mg per day) and followed zero-order release kinetics (R2 value to 0.9999) with a mean dissolution time of 14.96 days. The lead formulation remained stable for 30 days at accelerated stability conditions of 40°C and 75% relative humidity. In conclusion, developing hot-melt extruded implants could be an alternative to the conventional amlodipine besylate (AMB) formulation.

Graphical Abstract
Eco-friendly Nanostructured Liquid Crystals Loaded with Clove Oil as a Sustainable Approach for Managing Infected Burn Wounds
Authors: EL-Zahaby Sally A. , Wen Ming Ming , Abdelwahab Ibrahim A. , Shahine Yasmine M. , Abdelhady Sherien A. , Elbatouti Gihan A.
Published: December 2024

Infections are a leading complication in patients with burns. Effective antimicrobial treatment with regenerative tissue healing is required. Utilizing components derived from plant origin such as natural oils as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for managing disease is highly required nowadays. The aim of the current study is to assess the antibacterial and wound-healing activity of clove oil and its novel eco-friendly nanostructured liquid crystals (Eco-friendly-NLCs) formulation in treating infected burn wounds. A 23 full factorial design was used to optimize the Eco-friendly-NLCs. Clove oil and its novel nano-formulation were characterized and subjected to in vitro and in vivo assessments for their efficacy. Twenty rats were used experimentally. The optimum Eco-friendly-NLCs had 189.2 ± 1.9 nm, -22.8 ± 0.7 mV and 0.308 as values for particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index. Transmission electron microscope images showed discrete spherical shape NLCs with no aggregations. The microbiological and pharmacological results revealed a superior efficacy regarding clove loaded Eco-friendly-NLCs in inhibiting bacterial growth (inhibition zone of 38 mm), significantly reducing inflammatory biomarker levels (p < 0.001), promoting angiogenesis and prompt wound healing. The Eco-friendly-NLCs loaded with clove oil could be considered as a promising formulation providing anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and wound healing effects.

Graphical Abstract
Adult Height Following Prepubertal Treatment With Antiandrogen, Aromatase Inhibitor, and Reduced Hydrocortisone in CAH
Authors: Merke Deborah P , Mallappa Ashwini , Parker Megan , Sukin Charles , Kulkarni Sarah E , Keil Margaret F , Van Ryzin Carol , Hill Suvimol Chirathivat , Reynolds James C , Cutler Gordon B , Sinaii Ninet
Published: December 2024

Context

Height outcome in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is suboptimal due to glucocorticoid and androgen excess.

Methods

In an open, randomized, controlled trial, children with classic CAH were randomized to receive a combination regimen of antiandrogen, aromatase inhibitor, reduced hydrocortisone, and fludrocortisone prior to puberty or standard therapy (hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone). Females continued on antiandrogen during puberty. The primary endpoint was adult height.

Results

Of 62 children randomized, 45 completed the study. Adult height SDS did not differ between the investigational and control groups (−0.34 [0.93] vs −0.60 [0.89], respectively), mean difference 0.26 [95% CI −0.29, 0.82], P = .35), irrespective of midparental height, but was greater than the predicted adult height pretreatment in both groups (P < .001). Growth rate and rate of bone maturation were reduced in the investigational group prior to puberty, despite lower hydrocortisone dose (7.6 [1.5] vs 15.0 [3.6] mg/m2/day, P < .001), and improvement in predicted adult height appeared greater at pubertal onset (P = .049) compared to standard therapy. Antiandrogen treatment during puberty in girls allowed for lower-dose glucocorticoid, and improved height outcome (adult minus midparental height: −0.7 [4.6] vs −5.6 [5.2] cm, mean difference 4.9 [95% CI 0.09, 9.7], P = .046). Those who received GnRHa had lower growth rate (P = .023) and longer years of unchanged bone age (P = .017), regardless of treatment.

Conclusion

Prepubertal antiandrogen, aromatase inhibitor combination with reduced hydrocortisone improves short-term predicted height for children with CAH but does not result in taller adult stature than those treated with standard therapy, and is not recommended. Females may benefit from antiandrogen treatment during puberty.
Long-Acting Growth Hormone Therapy in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Consensus Statement
Authors: Maniatis Aristides , Cutfield Wayne , Dattani Mehul , Deal Cheri , Collett-Solberg Paulo Ferrez , Horikawa Reiko , Maghnie Mohamad , Miller Bradley S , Polak Michel , Sävendahl Lars , Woelfle Joachim
Published: December 2024

Context

Several long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapies have recently become available, but guidance on their usage in children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is limited.

Methods

International experts in pediatric endocrinology were invited to join a consensus group based on their expertise in treating children with daily GH and LAGH. The group comprised 11 experts from 10 countries across the world. Online group meetings were held in February to March 2024 followed by a 1-day in-person meeting in May 2024 to finalize the consensus recommendations. A targeted literature search approach was used to identify and share evidence ahead of the meetings. Formulations considered were limited to those with international populations in phase III pivotal trials and regulatory approvals in multiple countries.

Evidence synthesis

Topics covered include patient selection and preference, dose adjustment, initiating and switching therapies, administration, adherence and missed doses, practical considerations, and knowledge gaps. LAGH formulations offer a potential advantage over daily GH injections for children with GH deficiency in terms of reduced injection frequency and treatment burden; this may also be associated with improved adherence and treatment outcomes over time. However, data on LAGH in pediatric GH deficiency are mostly limited to clinical trials, and long-term, real-world data are currently lacking.

Conclusion

This article provides an international consensus on the use of LAGH therapy in children with GH deficiency to guide practitioners when considering these new treatment options for their patients. Long-term data are needed to fill current data gaps and allow the creation of comprehensive evidence-based recommendations.
The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity
Authors: Saad Mario J A , Santos Andrey
Published: December 2024

Obesity is a major global concern and is generally attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary origins of obesity epidemic, including thrifty and drifty genotypes, and changes in thermogenesis. Here, we put forward the hypothesis of metaflammation, which proposes that due to intense selection pressures exerted by environmental pathogens, specific genes that help develop a robust defense mechanism against infectious diseases have had evolutionary advantages and that this may contribute to obesity in modern times due to connections between the immune and energy storage systems. Indeed, incorporating the genetic variations of gut microbiota into the complex genetic framework of obesity makes it more polygenic than previously believed. Thus, uncovering the evolutionary origins of obesity requires a multifaceted approach that considers the complexity of human history, the unique genetic makeup of different populations, and the influence of gut microbiome on host genetics.
Legal Regulation of the Doctor-Patient Relationship in the Czech Republic: Development and Current State, with a Practical Focus on Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Schwarzová Aneta
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on the development of the relationship between doctor and patient and subsequent legal regulations in the Czech Republic from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. First, it delves into the evolution of the relationship between doctor and patient in the territory of the Czech Republic, providing an overview of important historical events that profoundly influenced the creation of sources and some institutes. Subsequently, it analyzes the current situation in the Czech Republic, subjecting it to a critical evaluation. The author, above all, questions whether the relationship between doctor and patient is truly a partnership and an equal one. The article then addresses persistent inequalities and differences between the rights and obligations of the patient and the doctor. The conclusion acknowledges that, considering the nature of the relationship, it may not be possible to completely eliminate these persistent inequalities. Based on the findings, partial conclusions are formulated, summarizing the individual stages and transformations of this relationship. The analysis of the current state of the relationship between doctor and patient includes a focus on important judicial decisions from practice and how they set limits for the autonomy of the patient's will. In this article, the author primarily concentrates on significant court decisions in the field of gynecology and obstetrics, analyzing how the autonomy of the patient's will is limited in this area in relation to specific situations.
Appearance of safety and security in the humanities (part 3)
Authors: Kollár Csaba
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the concept of safety and security within the humanities, focusing on its psychological aspects. The study delves into the individual characteristics and group dynamics that influence human behavior and security perceptions. Key psychological theories, such as the safety triad in safety psychology, evolutionary psychology, developmental psychology, and organizational psychology, are examined to understand their impact on safety and security. The paper highlights how individual traits, societal interactions, and environmental factors contribute to the development of security awareness and behavior. It also discusses the role of motivation, personal development, and mental health in shaping security consciousness, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between individual actions and broader cultural contexts.
The place and importance of EU regulations on the Digital Markets and Digital Services in the EU and National Law
Authors: Kolejanisz Márk , Réti Zsófia
Published: December 2024

Recognizing the risks of the new technologies and the online space, the European Union in the recent years has embarked on regulation process to reduce them. These risks are including the strong competitive advantages, and considerable economic power gained by some of the service providers in the online market, the growing of the infringements of the users’ rights, and the issues related to the use of the Artificial Intelligence. Although – as we will refer to that later – there were already rules in the European Union, specifically regulating the online world, thus we can see that the rapid and dynamic development of this field requires the continuous revision of the legislation and the introduction of new provisions. In this paper we focus on two EU regulations of particular importance for businesses: the Digital Markets Ant and the Digital Services Act. These regulations are relatively recent pieces, they have not been in force for a long time, but they are also mandatory in our country.
The super-applications innovation the full digital customer experience
Authors: Balogh Attila , Varga János
Published: December 2024

The following paper focuses on the so-called SuperApps. The concept of a SuperApp and a TOP10 visual ranking of apps are presented. The research aims to collect and define the basic characteristics that define a super-application as a solution. In order to achieve the above objectives, the present study uses a bibliometric mapping approach to process scientific articles available in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The conducted research identifies a significant gap in the scientific research opportunities in Scopus- and Web of Science-indexed do-cuments. Based on the experience gained from Scopus and Web of Science, a six-item list of the most relevant articles on the subject has been compiled by processing and analysing the most relevant articles in Google Scholar, which summarises the most important features of the super-applications. Finally, these essential features are briefly analysed and presented, providing a comprehensive picture of their importance and functionality in the super-application system.
Status of cyber protection regulation of the Hungarian electricity system
Authors: Dér Attila
Published: December 2024

Critical infrastructures are the focus of attention around the world. Not without reason, as they play a key role in every aspect of life in every country, including our own. In Hungary, there are several of them, such as the health care system, transport and transportation, energy supply systems, etc. In this study, the focus will be on the electricity system within the energy supply systems. Unfortunately, based on the experience of the last years, the number of cyber attacks has increased sharply, especially in the energy sector. The spread of digitalisation throughout the management and control systems of electricity supply plays a major role in this. As a consequence, it is important to have an appropriate domestic legislative framework to ensure cyber security. This article makes proposals for this existing legislative framework to reduce the vulnerability of the Hungarian electricity system in a strategic and legislative context. Possible adaptation of the Swiss model in Hungary through EU-level directives Advantages, disadvantages, taking into account the specificities of the electricity supply system.
Different cultures in safety and non-safety profile companies
Authors: Kertai-Kiss Ildikó
Published: December 2024

The evolution of safety and security culture is changing from risk avoidance to preventive, proactive and, as a new approach, positivist (maximizing improvement security mechanisms) thinking is becoming the guiding attitude. It is also a change of mindset that, in addition to the safe internal functioning of companies, external influences are becoming increasingly important in efforts to maintain normal functioning. Safety and security have become a discipline and economic sector in their own right, but the issue of safety and security is also a major challenge for companies and employees with a non-safety profile. The objective of my research is to assess and analyse the perceptions, attitudes and motivations based on value preferences of employees of companies operating in Hungary regarding organisational safety and through this to identify the elements of safety culture specific to the company. In the present study, I will present the most important differences based on the safety vs. non-safety profile category variables.
Wut der Fernfahrer
Authors: Reznikova Olga
Published: December 2024

Aus unterschiedlichen Regionen Russlands fanden sich vor einigen Jahren Lkw-Fahrer zusammen und gründeten in Chimki ein Protestcamp gegen eine neu eingeführte Autobahngebühr, durch die sie ihre Existenz bedroht sahen. Olga Reznikova hat 2015–2018 die »wilden Streiks« der Fernfahrer sowie das Leben ihrer Familien und Unterstützer:innen ethnografisch begleitet. Ihr Buch zeigt, in welchem Verhältnis die Bewegung zu anderen Protesten und oppositionellen Gruppen steht, und zeichnet Allianzbildungsprozesse und Widersprüche innerhalb der russischen Protestlandschaft nach. Die Analyse der Figur der »einfachen Leute« in den spontanen und emotional aufgeladenen Protesten gegen Ungleichheit und Korruption wirft eine neue Sicht auf die Zeit vor dem jüngsten Krieg Russlands. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
Activities of living: sleeping
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: December 2024

Sleep is an essential and fundamental activity of living that is interconnected with other activities of living. This article discusses the importance of sleep and the negative impact of poor sleep on patients. The author also highlights the role of the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner in assisting people to develop healthy sleep patterns, which is essential for mental and physical wellbeing.
Nursing support worker conference 2024: Royal College of Nursing
Authors: Rajagopalan Upasana
Published: December 2024

This article provides an overview of the nursing support worker celebration day 2024 organised by the Royal College of Nursing. The author discusses the key points of discussion at the event that focused on the power of inclusive language and equity, diversity and inclusion strategies in health and social care.
General Anaesthesia in Special Care Dentistry. Part 1: Justifying and Planning the Use of General Anaesthesia
Authors: Doshi Mili , Shehabi Zahra , Liu Sophie , Geddis-Regan Andrew
Published: December 2024

General anaesthesia (GA) is sometimes necessary or appropriate to safely deliver comprehensive dental care for patients with disabilities and complex needs. GA may be indicated as a result of severe anxiety or cognitive dysfunction, where treatment with sedation or local anaesthesia has not been satisfactory or is contraindicated, or where a substantial amount of dental treatment is required. This article is the first of a three-part series that aims to expand upon some of the key practical considerations related to the planning and use of GA in dental care.

CPD/Clinical Relevance:

The use of general anaesthesia for patients with disabilities and complex needs requires careful consideration and planning.
SUSTAINABLE TIPS WELLBEING & NUTRITION FOR EVERYONE
Authors: Hadland Cheryl
Published: December 2024

Cheryl Hadland, chair of the sustainability charity GECCO and founder of Tops Day Nurseries, shares tips to help nurseries support staff wellbeing
Ready to have a go
Authors: Joines Fiona
Published: December 2024

How can practitioners be confident when it comes to using technology to support children's learning? In part two of this series, Fiona Joines explains
recruit & retain: Under one roof
Authors: Morton Katy
Published: December 2024

Why staff are attracted to work at the intergenerational Nursery in Belong care village in Chester. By Katy Morton
Basic Income as a preventive, health-promoting and motivating resource in the psychosocial welfare environment
Authors: Fagerlind Ståhl Anna-Carin
Published: December 2024

Occupational health research shows that work is no better for health and well-being than its work environment and employment conditions. Yet, the assumption that work is health promoting as well as rehabilitating is central in social insurance and labour market measures. Based on occupational health research and theories of motivation and stress, Basic Income is discussed here as a resource that motivates and enables further resource gain and protects against stress and related illnesses, such as depression and exhaustion. Applying research and theories from occupational health research to the demands and resources in what is here labelled the ‘psychosocial welfare environment’ elucidates the effects of the conditionality and means testing of different welfare measures, as well as those of Basic Income in various experiments, on health, well-being and labour market participation. The difference between ethical and evidence-based arguments concerning Basic Income is discussed from the perspective of the workfare society, where the evidence-based effects of unconditionality meet ideological convictions concerning poverty and the myth of the work cure.
Preserving Family Relations as an Essential Feature of the Child's Right to Identity
Authors: Baglietto Christina , Bordier Laurence
Published: December 2024

abstract: Identity is made up of a series of elements, including biological, gestational, and genetic factors that are relevant to the initial recording, potential modification, and restoration of family relations. While some countries, through their legislation, policies, and practices, have slowly moved toward the recognition of these elements and have made efforts to ensure that the right to identity is respected in a number of circumstances, it remains evident that access to personal information and origins is still a challenge for many persons, including those whose births have not been registered and/or who have been in care, have been adopted, were born following the resort to anonymous ARTs or surrogacy, or are in complex sociogeopolitical contexts. The registration of identity elements still does not mean that access to these is safeguarded.
The (Western) American Dream: Myth, Adaptation, and Literature in Spike Lee's 25th Hour
Authors: Williams Jesse
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Spike Lee's 25th Hour (2002) adapts David Benioff's novel The 25th Hour (2000) in a manner that foregrounds the author's allusions to literary Westerns popularized by Bret Harte after the Civil War (1861–65). Lee references movie and television Westerns to spotlight their permanence and prevalence in the national consciousness and highlight their development in a postbellum culture committed to antebellum myths, such as the American dream, which in turn made a mythical West the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks reanimated. In 25th Hour , Lee adapts Benioff's book by reprising his approach to adapting Richard Price's Clockers (1992), a method that reveals the influence of nineteenth-century material culture and literary naturalism on Price's, Benioff's, and Lee's respective visions of the Tri-State Area. Ultimately, Lee's adaptation method exposes Benioff's book as one that models its characters and plot on both general Western fiction and Harte's local color.
A Fresh Perspective on the American Years of Niccoló; Castiglioni: On the Discovery of Two Castiglioni Music Manuscripts at the University of British Columbia
Authors: Madill Kevin
Published: December 2024

English Abstract: This article announces the discovery of two previously unknown works by the twentieth-century Italian composer Niccolò Castiglioni: Extravagant: Concerto for Piano and Orchestra and Written in Winter: Five Small Pieces for Piano and Orchestra . Both works are now held in manuscript form at the library of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. The discovery offers an opportunity for the re-evaluation of Castiglioni's four-year sojourn in the U.S. during the late 1960s and the impact of that sojourn on the composer's creative output. Included is an examination of the role of technology in the analysis, evaluation, preservation, and dissemination of musical heritage. French Abstract: Cet article annonce la découverte de deux œuvres jusqu'alors inconnues du compositeur italien du XXe siècle Niccolò Castiglioni : Extravagant : concerto pour piano et orchestre et Written in Winter : cinq petites pièces pour piano et orchestre . Ces deux œuvres sont aujourd'hui conservées sous la forme de manuscrits à la bibliothèque de l'Université de Colombie-Britannique, à Vancouver, au Canada. Cette découverte est l'occasion de réexaminer les quatre années de séjour de Castiglioni aux États-Unis à la fin des années 1960 et l'impact de ce même séjour sur le travail créatif du compositeur. L' article aborde également l'étude du rôle de la technologie dans l'analyse, l'évaluation, la préservation et la diffusion du patrimoine musical. German Abstract: Dieser Artikel stellt die Entdeckung zweier bislang unbekannter Werke des italienischen Komponisten Niccolò Castiglioni vor, der von 1932–1996 lebte. Dabei handelt es sich um " Extravagant: Concerto for Piano and Orchestra " und " Written in Winter: Five Small Pieces for Piano and Orchestra ". Die Manuskripte beider Werke werden in der Bibliothek der University of British Columbia im kanadischen Vancouver aufbewahrt. Die Entdeckung ermöglicht die Neubewertung von Castiglionis vierjährigem Aufenthalt Ende der 1960er-Jahre in den USA sowie von den Auswirkungen dieses Aufenthalts auf sein kreatives Schaffen. Außerdem enthält der Artikel eine Untersuchung der Rolle von Technologie bei der Analyse, Bewertung, Erhaltung und Verbreitung von Musikerbe.
Productive knowledge and item-specific knowledge trade off as a function of frequency in multiword expression processing
Authors: Morgan Emily , Levy Roger
Published: December 2024

Abstract: We report an experiment eliciting ordering preferences for binomial expressions (e.g. bread and butter vs. butter and bread ) in order to investigate the respective influences of productive and item-specific knowledge in language processing. Binomial ordering preferences reflect both (i) productive constraints involving phonological, semantic, and lexical properties, and (ii) item-specific relative frequencies. Bayesian and exemplar-based computational models of acquisition and use predict influences of both productive and item-specific knowledge on ordering preferences, with item-specific knowledge playing a smaller role the lower the expression's overall frequency. Our results confirm this prediction, but also reveal a role of item-specific knowledge even for binomials with overall frequency less than one in ten million. These findings bring a quantitative perspective to the debate over the roles of productive and item-specific knowledge in language.
If My Hate Disturbs You . . .
Authors: Masud Mariam
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the idea of hatred towards another and the right to be able to express that hatred. More specifically, the hatred felt by the writer while under Israeli occupation and the life and restriction he endured. The position of denying one of their ability to express hatred and taking the position of authority and domination is explored. Also, the author speaks of his personal experiences when faced with members of the oppressive body. Through personal anecdotes, he also explains how decisions and outcomes of his interactions with the hated group has caused self-hatred.
Still Listening: New Scholarship on Gayl Jones
Authors: Middleton Kianna M. , Khanmalek Tala , Owen Ianna Hawkins
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Middleton, Khanmalek, and Owen celebrate a collection of new cutting-edge critical and creative work responding to the impact and ongoing interventions of Black, Kentucky-born writer/scholar Gayl Jones. Foremost among the issue's contents is Deborah E. McDowell's historically grounded reflections on founding the Beacon Black Women Writers Series in 1985 and initiating the reprinting of fourteen titles by Black women writers including Corregidora and Eva's Man . The introduction highlights Jones's place in the emergent scholarship in Mad Studies (Pickens and Soros) and "mad Black feminist poetics" (Imhotep). Additionally, Jones's focus on Afro-diasporic (Osei and Mundell) and interracial (Yang, Quezada) feminist solidarities are brought to life in essays that credit Jones's call for global, coalitional possibilities. Further, the introduction discusses "listening as a method" (Gumbs and Wilkinson), Jones's archival presence (Carter), her sonic genealogies (Moore), and the uncomfortable relationship(s) between Black erotics and various forms of violence (Wachter-Grene, Onubogu, Firedancing).
Tending the Tradition: Gayl Jones and the Beacon Black Women Writers Series
Authors: McDowell Deborah E.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This essay focuses on the process and aftermath of reprinting Gayl Jones's first two novels, Corregidora (1975) and Eva's Man (1976). Both novels were reprinted in the now-defunct Beacon Black Women Writers Series, founded by Deborah McDowell in 1986 and sponsored by Beacon Press. The essay considers the broader academic and cultural context from which the series evolved at the height of the much-ballyhooed "black women's literary renaissance," the emergence of Black feminist criticism, and the widespread incorporation of African American women writers into college and university curricula.