bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zwitterionic PMCP‐Modified Polycaprolactone Surface for Tissue Engineering: Antifouling, Cell Adhesion Promotion, and Osteogenic Differentiation Properties
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Lin Zaifu , Feng Ying , Tan Hong , Xu Xinyuan , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu
Published: August 2019

Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) has been widely applied as a scaffold material in tissue engineering. However, the PCL surface is hydrophobic and adsorbs nonspecific proteins. Some traditional antifouling modifications using hydrophilic moieties have been successful but inhibit cell adhesion, which is not ideal for tissue engineering. The PCL surface is modified with bioinspired zwitterionic poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl choline phosphate] (PMCP) via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to improve cell adhesion through the unique interaction between choline phosphate (CP, on PMCP) and phosphate choline (PC, on cell membranes). The hydrophilicity of the PCL surface is significantly enhanced after surface modification. The PCL‐PMCP surface reduces nonspecific protein adsorption (e.g., up to 91.7% for bovine serum albumin) due to the zwitterionic property of PMCP. The adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the modified surface is remarkably improved, and osteogenic differentiation signs are detected, even without adding any osteogenesis‐inducing supplements. Moreover, the PCL‐PMCP films are more stable at the early stage of degradation. Therefore, the PMCP‐functionalized PCL surface promotes cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, with an antifouling background, and exhibits great potential in tissue engineering.
Der Carnotsche Stoßverlust in nichtstationäre Gasströmung
Authors: Schultz‐Grunow F.
Published: August 2019

Der Carnotsche Stoßverlust ist für den Durchfluß durch Ventile und plötzliche Querschnittserweiterungen von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Es wird gezeigt, wie er errechnet werden kann und es wird die Übereinstimmung der Rechnung mit Versuchen an einem periodisch öffnenden Ventil geprüft. Dabei ergibt sich, daß auch bei der Reflexion von Druckwellen an offenen Rohrenden ein nicht vernachlässigbarer Drosselverlust auftritt.
Zur Theorie der tragenden Linie mit periodischer Zirkulation
Authors: Bilharz Herbert
Published: August 2019

Es wird die zweite Grundaufgabe der Prandtlschen Theorie der tragenden Linie für eine vorgegebene periodische Anstellwinkelverteilung gelöst und die erhaltenen Ergebnisse an zwei Beispielen veranschaulicht.
Zur Fehlerschätzung bei gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung
Authors: Hamel Georg
Published: August 2019

Verf. gibt eine Rekursionsformel für die Koeffizienten einer majoranten Reihe der Lösung einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung erster Ordnung, die zur Abschätzung des Fehlers beim Abbrechen der Reihe dienen kann, und einige damit zusammenhängende Formeln. Die Formeln wurden durch Zurückgehen auf eine partielle Differentialgleichung gewonnen.
Dreidimensionale Probleme der Charakteristikentheorie partieller Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Sauer R.
Published: August 2019

Die Arbeit handelt von 3‐dimensionalen Problemen der Charakteristikentheorie partieller Differentialgleichungen. Im ersten Teil werden Probleme erörtert, die sich infolge gewisser Symmetrien auf 2‐ oder 1‐dimensionale Aufgaben entweder streng oder in „halblinearer Näherung” zurückführen lassen. Im zweiten Teil wird eine Gitterkonstruktion entwickelt, welche dem bekannten Massauschen Verfahren für 2‐dimensionale Aufgaben analog ist.
Die Plattengleichungen für den elastisch‐plastischen Zustand
Authors: Swida W.
Published: August 2019

Die Grunddifferentialgleichung zur Untersuchung der Plattenbiegung im elastisch‐plastischen Zustand wird aufgestellt. Für einen Sonderfall, in dem die Biegefunktion durch einen Ansatz angegeben werden kann, werden die Spannungsverhältnisse gezeigt.
Gifted Children with ADHD: How Are They Different from Non-gifted Children with ADHD?
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Stavropoulos Vasileios , Vance Alasdair , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: August 2019

The present study focused on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity differences of gifted children with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on clinical assessment utilizing the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children (ADISC-IV) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition, attendees of a public outpatient child service (boys = 359, girls = 148), with mean age 10.60 years (SD = 3.08 years), were allocated into four groups: ADHD (N = 350), gifted (N = 15), gifted/ADHD (N = 18), and clinical controls (N = 124). The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale dimensionally assessed inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity variations. Compared to the gifted/ADHD group, the ADHD group had higher scores for inattention and comparable scores for hyperactivity/impulsivity. For most symptoms, the ADHD groups (gifted or not) rated higher than the non-ADHD groups (control and gifted without ADHD). Findings appeared to indicate that (i) ADHD is a valid diagnosis among children who are gifted, (ii) gifted children might tend to be less inattentive than non-gifted ADHD children, and (iii) ADHD-gifted children appear to differ from the non-ADHD-gifted children with regard to specific hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. The practical implication of these findings is that clinicians may wish to focus on these symptoms when diagnosing ADHD among children with high intelligence.
Challenges in the management of data on extractive waste—the Polish case
Authors: Kulczycka Joanna , Dziobek Ewa , Szmiłyk Anita
Published: August 2019

The study analysed the waste statistics of European Union (EU) countries with particular emphasis on waste from extractive industries. Assessment of the data available at EU level (Eurostat) and presented by individual countries showed that even with a number of EU regulations and guidance, there are no complete, consistent and integrated reports that monitor the implementation of measures and support for waste management. Based on the example of Poland, a detailed analysis of the environmental reports from each mining company (to the regional database) and a grouping of the data according to EU waste codes were conducted for the 2017 data. The results were then compared with the data provided by the Central Statistical Office. It has been shown that there is a need for the reporting to be improved in order to avoid inconsistencies and to be able to undertake a detailed assessment of the approach and activities carried out with regard to their impact on the environment and society. Based on the example of Poland, the collection of data based on the waste code at the level of each mining company can be recommended, and this should be made available to the public by individual group of wastes on one platform (e.g. Eurostat) which would be helpful for proper waste management and the creation of industrial symbiosis and a quicker transformation towards a circular economy.
Value Creation in Art Galleries: A Service Logic Analysis
Authors: Williams Martin , Biggemann Sergio , Tóth Zsófia
Published: August 2019

This study addresses how non-profit organisations like art galleries participate in co-creating value to visitors (customers), providers, and other stakeholders, and how these processes can be conceptualised within a service logic framework. We evaluate how an art gallery touring exhibition in regional Australia contributed to customer value, drawing on data collected in 2014–2016 from publications and websites, and interviews with staff of art galleries and arts organisations.

Our findings illuminated four forms of value creation: financial, knowledge sharing, social and cultural, and professional value. Country art galleries have strong visitor orientation and employ co-creation processes focused on enhancing visitors’ experience, aligned with government directions on Indigenous understanding and objectives of local Indigenous art communities. However, customer value exchange is not well understood. The lack of marketing research expertise and usable visitor data is a barrier to value creation.
Examining differences in school hour and school day dietary quality among Canadian children between 2004 and 2015
Authors: Tugault-Lafleur Claire N , Barr Susan I , Black Jennifer L
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The present study aimed to: (i) evaluate changes in Canadian children’s dietary quality during school hours and on school days between 2004 and 2015; and (ii) explore whether changes in dietary quality over time were moderated by sociodemographic characteristics.

Design:

Nationally representative 24 h dietary recall data were obtained from the 2004 (n 4827) and 2015 (n 2447) Canadian Community Health Surveys. Dietary quality was measured using the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) which evaluates respondents’ compliance with 2007 national dietary recommendations, and the school-HEI which assesses respondents’ dietary quality during school hours. Multivariable regression models compared differences in dietary quality between 2004 and 2015. Interaction effects were used to test whether changes over time were moderated by sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age group, ethnicity, residential location, province of residence, parental education, food security status).

Setting:

Canada.

Participants:

Children aged 6–17 years.

Results:

Mean school-HEI score rose from 51.3 to 58.0 points (maximum = 100) from 2004 to 2015 (P < 0.001). School-HEI sub-scores for total vegetables and fruit, whole fruit, dark green and orange vegetables, milk and alternatives, and meat and alternatives improved over time, but remained well below recommendations. Decreased energy from minimally nutritious foods accounted for 39 % of the improvement in mean school-HEI scores. Mean whole day C-HEI scores also improved (60.8 to 66.4 points, P < 0.001). There was no evidence of a moderating effect for any of the sociodemographic variables examined.

Conclusions:

Mean dietary quality of Canadian children during school hours and on school days improved modestly for all age and sex groups but remained below 2007 national dietary recommendations.
Pyrolysis-induced shrinking of three-dimensional structures fabricated by two-photon polymerization: experiment and theoretical model
Authors: Cardenas-Benitez Braulio , Eschenbaum Carsten , Mager Dario , Korvink Jan G. , Madou Marc J. , Lemmer Uli , Leon Israel De , Martinez-Chapa Sergio O.
Published: August 2019

The introduction of two-photon polymerization (TPP) into the area of Carbon Micro Electromechanical Systems (C-MEMS) has enabled the fabrication of three-dimensional glassy carbon nanostructures with geometries previously unattainable through conventional UV lithography. Pyrolysis of TPP structures conveys a characteristic reduction of feature size—one that should be properly estimated in order to produce carbon microdevices with accuracy. In this work, we studied the volumetric shrinkage of TPP-derived microwires upon pyrolysis at 900 °C. Through this process, photoresist microwires thermally decompose and shrink by as much as 75%, resulting in glassy carbon nanowires with linewidths between 300 and 550 nm. Even after the thermal decomposition induced by the pyrolysis step, the linewidth of the carbon nanowires was found to be dependent on the TPP exposure parameters. We have also found that the thermal stress induced during the pyrolysis step not only results in axial elongation of the nanowires, but also in buckling in the case of slender carbon nanowires (for aspect ratios greater than 30). Furthermore, we show that the calculated residual mass fraction that remains after pyrolysis depends on the characteristic dimensions of the photoresist microwires, a trend that is consistent with several works found in the literature. This phenomenon is explained through a semi-empirical model that estimates the feature size of the carbon structures, serving as a simple guideline for shrinkage evaluation in other designs.
Genetic Contribution of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat to CIMMYT’s Spring Bread Wheat Breeding Germplasm
Authors: Rosyara Umesh , Kishii Masahiro , Payne Thomas , Sansaloni Carolina Paola , Singh Ravi Prakash , Braun Hans-Joachim , Dreisigacker Susanne
Published: August 2019

Synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheat (AABBD’D’) is developed by artificially generating a fertile hybrid between tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum, AABB) and diploid wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii, D’D’). Over three decades, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) has developed and utilized SH wheat to bridge gene transfer from Ae. tauschii and durum wheat to hexaploid bread wheat. This is a unique example of success utilizing wild relatives in mainstream breeding at large scale worldwide. Our study aimed to determine the genetic contribution of SH wheat to CIMMYT’s global spring bread wheat breeding program. We estimated the theoretical and empirical contribution of D’ to synthetic derivative lines using the ancestral pedigree and marker information using over 1,600 advanced lines and their parents. The average marker-estimated D’ contribution was 17.5% with difference in genome segments suggesting application of differential selection pressure. The pedigree-based contribution was correlated with marker-based estimates without providing chromosome segment specific variation. Results from international yield trials showed that 20% of the lines were synthetic derived with an average D’ contribution of 15.6%. Our results underline the importance of SH wheat in maintaining and enhancing genetic diversity and genetic gain over years and is important for development of a more targeted introgression strategy. The study provides retrospective view into development and utilization of SH in the CIMMYT Global Wheat Program.
Effect of Protease Inhibitors in Healing of the Vaginal Wall
Authors: Florian-Rodriguez Maria , Chin Kathleen , Hamner Jennifer , Acevedo Jesus , Keller Patrick , Word R. Ann
Published: August 2019

Impaired elastogenesis and increased degradation of elastic fibers has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Loss of the elastogenic organizer, fibulin-5 (FBLN5), leads to pelvic organ prolapse in mice. The objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of FBLN5 after surgical injury of the vaginal wall using the rat as a preclinical animal model. Both endogenous and recombinant FBLN5 were degraded after surgical injury. Estrogen did not alter the dramatic loss of vaginal FBLN5 in the acute phase after injury (12–48 h), but resulted in rescue of the poor recovery of FBLN5 levels in the late phase (7 d) of healing in ovariectomized animals. In contrast with estrogen, the general MMP inhibitor, actinonin, abrogated injury-induced degradation of FBLN5 significantly. Further, actinonin rescued the negative effects of injury on biomechanics, histomorphology, and elastic fibers. Control of excessive matrix degradation by local application of actinonin at the time of surgery may lead to improved elastic fiber regeneration and wound healing, thereby potentially enhancing pelvic floor recovery after reconstructive surgery for prolapse.
Gold(I/III)-Phosphine Complexes as Potent Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Kim Jong Hyun , Reeder Evan , Parkin Sean , Awuah Samuel G.
Published: August 2019

The reaction of gold reagents [HAuCl4•3H2O], [AuCl(tht)], or cyclometalated gold(III) precursor, [C^NAuCl2] with chiral ((R,R)-(-)-2,3-bis(t-butylmethylphosphino) quinoxaline) and non-chiral phosphine (1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppe) ligands lead to distorted Au(I), (1,2,4,5) and novel cyclometalated Au(III) complexes (3,6). These gold compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, microanalysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The inherent electrochemical properties of the gold complexes were also studied by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical insight of the complexes was gained by density functional theory and TD-DFT calculations. The complexes effectively kill cancer cells with IC50in the range of ~0.10–2.53 μΜ across K562, H460, and OVCAR8 cell lines. In addition, the retinal pigment epithelial cell line, RPE-Neo was used as a healthy cell line for comparison. Differential cellular uptake in cancer cells was observed for the compounds by measuring the intracellular accumulation of gold using ICP-OES. Furthermore, the compounds trigger early – late stage apoptosis through potential disruption of redox homeostasis. Complexes1and3induce predominant G1 cell cycle arrest. Results presented in this report suggest that stable gold-phosphine complexes with variable oxidation states hold promise in anticancer drug discovery and need further development.
Near-future ocean acidification does not alter the lipid content and fatty acid composition of adult Antarctic krill
Authors: Ericson Jessica A. , Hellessey Nicole , Kawaguchi So , Nichols Peter D. , Nicol Stephen , Hoem Nils , Virtue Patti
Published: August 2019

Euphausia superba (Antarctic krill) is a keystone species in the Southern Ocean, but little is known about how it will respond to climate change. Ocean acidification, caused by sequestration of carbon dioxide into ocean surface waters (pCO2), alters the lipid biochemistry of some organisms. This can have cascading effects up the food chain. In a year-long laboratory experiment adult krill were exposed to ambient seawater pCO2 levels (400 μatm), elevated pCO2 levels mimicking near-future ocean acidification (1000, 1500 and 2000 μatm) and an extreme pCO2 level (4000 μatm). Total lipid mass (mg g−1 DM) of krill was unaffected by near-future pCO2. Fatty acid composition (%) and fatty acid ratios associated with immune responses and cell membrane fluidity were also unaffected by near-future pCO2, apart from an increase in 18:3n-3/18:2n-6 ratios in krill in 1500 μatm pCO2 in winter and spring. Extreme pCO2 had no effect on krill lipid biochemistry during summer. During winter and spring, krill in extreme pCO2 had elevated levels of 18:2n-6 (up to 1.2% increase), 20:4n-6 (up to 0.8% increase), lower 18:3n-3/18:2n-6 and 20:5n-3/20:4n-6 ratios, and showed evidence of increased membrane fluidity (up to three-fold increase in phospholipid/sterol ratios). These results indicate that the lipid biochemistry of adult krill is robust to near-future ocean acidification.
Combining ZooMS and zooarchaeology to study Late Pleistocene hominin behaviour at Fumane (Italy)
Authors: Sinet-Mathiot Virginie , Smith Geoff M. , Romandini Matteo , Wilcke Arndt , Peresani Marco , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Welker Frido
Published: August 2019

Collagen type I fingerprinting (ZooMS) has recently been used to provide either palaeoenvironmental data or to identify additional hominin specimens in Pleistocene contexts, where faunal assemblages are normally highly fragmented. However, its potential to elucidate hominin subsistence behaviour has been unexplored. Here, ZooMS and zooarchaeology have been employed in a complementary approach to investigate bone assemblages from Final Mousterian and Uluzzian contexts at Fumane cave (Italy). Both approaches produced analogous species composition, but differ significantly in species abundance, particularly highlighted by a six fold-increase in the quantity of Bos/Bison remains in the molecularly identified component. Traditional zooarchaeological methods would therefore underestimate the proportion of Bos/Bison in these levels to a considerable extent. We suggest that this difference is potentially due to percussion-based carcass fragmentation of large Bos/Bison bone diaphyses. Finally, our data demonstrates high variability in species assignment to body size classes based on bone cortical thickness and fragment size. Thus, combining biomolecular and traditional zooarchaeological methods allows us to refine our understanding of bone assemblage composition associated with hominin occupation at Fumane.
Simultaneous Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry and electronic nose study of the volatile compounds released by Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells in vitro
Authors: Capuano Rosamaria , Khomenko Iuliia , Grasso Felicia , Messina Valeria , Olivieri Anna , Cappellin Luca , Paolesse Roberto , Catini Alexandro , Ponzi Marta , Biasioli Franco , Di Natale Corrado
Published: August 2019

The discovery that Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can be biomarkers for several diseases has led to the conception of their possible application as diagnostic tools. In this study, we aimed at defining of diagnostic signatures for the presence of malaria transmissible stages in infected individuals. To do this, we compared VOCs released by asexual and sexual stage cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest species of malaria, with those emitted by uninfected red blood cells (RBCs). VOC analysis was carried out with an innovative set-up, where each sample was simultaneously analysed by proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and an electronic nose. PTR-Tof-MS results show that sexual stages are characterized by a larger emission of hexanal, compared with uninfected or asexual stage-infected RBCs, which makes them clearly identifiable. PTR-Tof-MS analysis also detected differences in VOC composition between asexual stages and uninfected RBCs. These results have been substantially replicated by the electronic nose analysis and may open the possibility to develop sensitive and easy-to-use devices able to detect sexual parasite stages in infected individuals. This study also demonstrates that the combination of mass spectrometry with electronic noses is a useful tool to identify markers of diseases and to support the development of optimized sensors.
Polarization Insensitive, Wide-Angle, Ultra-wideband, Flexible, Resistively Loaded, Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber using Conventional Inkjet-Printing Technology
Authors: Assimonis Stylianos D. , Fusco Vincent
Published: August 2019

A novel, polarization insensitive, wide-angle and broadband electromagnetic metamaterial absorber, which can cover either a flat or a bent geometry, is presented in this work. The periodic geometry has a unit-cell, which consists of four split ring resonators, which are sequentially rotated around the unit-cell axis progressively by 90 deg. First, the metallic parts of the geometry consists of low resistivity copper traces. Next, in order to increase the frequency bandwidth, resistively loaded traces, printed by conventional inkjet printer are used to replace the copper ones. For normal incidence, simulated and measurement results shown that the proposed flat absorber exhibits absorption efficiency higher than 0.8 for 6.9–29.9 GHz (i.e., bandwidth of 125%) regardless of polarization, while the curved absorber for 6.6–29 GHz (i.e., bandwidth of 126%) or for 10.5–29.6 GHz (i.e., bandwidth of 95%), depending the polarization. For oblique incidence and for TE or TM polarized incident wave it presents bandwidth of 118% (7.7–29.9 GHz) or 100.5% (9.9–29.9 GHz), respectively, for an incident angular range of 0–45 deg. Finally, the proposed absorber has thickness of 3.89 mm, corresponding to λ/11.7 at its lowest operation frequency.
Immobilization of planktonic algal spores by inkjet printing
Authors: Lee Hwa-Rim , Jung Sang Mok , Yoon Sejeong , Yoon Woong Hee , Park Tae Hee , Kim Seongju , Shin Hyun Woung , Hwang Dong Soo , Jung Sungjune
Published: August 2019

The algal cell immobilization is a commonly used technique for treatment of waste water, production of useful metabolites and management of stock culture. However, control over the size of immobilized droplets, the population of microbes, and production rate in current techniques need to be improved. Here, we use drop-on-demand inkjet printing to immobilize spores of the alga Ecklonia cava within alginate microparticles for the first time. Microparticles with immobilized spores were generated by printing alginate-spore suspensions into a calcium chloride solution. We demonstrate that the inkjet technique can control the number of spores in an ejected droplet in the range of 0.23 to 1.87 by varying spore densities in bioink. After the printing-based spore encapsulation, we observe initial sprouting and continuous growth of thallus until 45 days of culture. Our study suggest that inkjet printing has a great potential to immobilize algae, and that the ability to control the number of encapsulated spores and their microenvironments can facilitate research into microscopic interactions of encapsulated spores.
A Novel Preparation of Nano-Copper Chalcogenide (Cu2S)-based Flexible Counter Electrode
Authors: Wu Enli , Jin Jingsha , Liu Shaowen , Li Dan , Gao Shufang , Deng Fei , Yan Xuemin , Xiong Yan , Tang Haolin
Published: August 2019

Copper nanowires (CuNWs) are used to prepare flexible, transparent conducting substrates due to their low cost and ease of fabrication on a large area. A CuNW/polymer composite substrate was prepared and vulcanized to create a novel flexible nano-Cu2S/polymer composite substrate. The physical and photovoltaic properties of the substrate can be controlled by tuning the concentration of CuNW dispersion during the preparation of CuNWs and nano Cu2S films. The nano-Cu2S-based composite substrate was used as an effective flexible counter electrode of a quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) and resulted in a maximum cell efficiency of 1.01%.
Energetic electron assisted synthesis of highly tunable temperature-responsive collagen/elastin gels for cyclic actuation: macroscopic switching and molecular origins
Authors: Wilharm Nils , Fischer Tony , Ott Florian , Konieczny Robert , Zink Mareike , Beck-Sickinger Annette G. , Mayr Stefan G.
Published: August 2019

Thermoresponsive bio-only gels that yield sufficiently large strokes reversibly and without large hysteresis at a well-defined temperature in the physiological range, promise to be of value in biomedical application. Within the present work we demonstrate that electron beam modification of a blend of natural collagen and elastin gels is a route to achieve this goal, viz. to synthesize a bioresorbable gel with largely reversible volume contractions as large as 90% upon traversing a transition temperature that can be preadjusted between 36 °C and 43 °C by the applied electron dose. Employing circular dichroism and temperature depending confocal laser scanning microscopy measurements, we furthermore unravel the mechanisms underlying this macroscopic behavior on a molecular and network level, respectively and suggest a stringent picture to account for the experimental observations.
Local pulses of electrical potential can induce long-range transient excitations in self-aligned molecular films
Authors: Dadalyan T. , Galstian T.
Published: August 2019

Natural liquids can contain self-aligned molecules (such as liquid crystals and biological membranes) which give them unique properties of anisotropic diffusion, coupling between the molecular orientation and flow, etc. Here, we describe the observation of new phenomena in those materials: long-distance transport and molecular orientation waves that are induced by pulses of spatially localized electrical potential. As a result, the morphological properties of the material are significantly altered well beyond the reach of the electrical field. The local dielectric torque-induced reduction of the effective molecular volume and corresponding pressure gradients are in the origin of these phenomena. Our observations are made for electric fields that are an order of magnitude smaller than those present in biological membranes. Thus, this discovery may have important impact on the understanding of the operation of these membranes and on the dynamics of action potential propagation in neural cells. The corresponding possible influence of observed excitation mechanisms on the ionic gates and the role of myelin sheath are discussed.
Small Animal Video Tracking for Activity and Path Analysis Using a Novel Open-Source Multi-Platform Application (AnimApp)
Authors: Rao Srinivasa R. , Olechnowicz Sam W. Z. , Krätschmer Patrick , Jepson James E. C. , Edwards Claire M. , Edwards James R.
Published: August 2019

Experimental biological model system outcomes such as altered animal movement capability or behaviour are difficult to quantify manually. Existing automatic movement tracking devices can be expensive and imposing upon the typical environment of the animal model. We have developed a novel multiplatform, free-to-use open-source application based on OpenCV, called AnimApp. Our results show that AnimApp can reliably and reproducibly track movement of small animals such as rodents or insects, and quantify parameters of action including distance and speed in order to detect activity changes arising from handling, environment enrichment, or temperature alteration. This system offers an accurate and reproducible experimental approach with potential for simple, fast and flexible analysis of movement and behaviour in a wide range of model systems.
Fast LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and influence of sampling conditions for gut metabolites in plasma and serum
Authors: van der Laan Tom , Kloots Tim , Beekman Marian , Kindt Alida , Dubbelman Anne-Charlotte , Harms Amy , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Slagboom P. Eline , Hankemeier Thomas
Published: August 2019

In the past few years, the gut microbiome has been shown to play an important role in various disorders including in particular cardiovascular diseases. Especially the metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is produced by gut microbial metabolism, has repeatedly been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Here we report a fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that can analyze the five most important gut metabolites with regards to TMAO in three minutes. Fast liquid chromatography is unconventionally used in this method as an on-line cleanup step to remove the most important ion suppressors leaving the gut metabolites in a cleaned flow through fraction, also known as negative chromatography. We compared different blood matrix types to recommend best sampling practices and found citrated plasma samples demonstrated lower concentrations for all analytes and choline concentrations were significantly higher in serum samples. We demonstrated the applicability of our method by investigating the effect of a standardized liquid meal (SLM) after overnight fasting of 25 healthy individuals on the gut metabolite levels. The SLM did not significantly change the levels of gut metabolites in serum.
Estimating the cold-induced brown adipose tissue glucose uptake rate measured by 18F-FDG PET using infrared thermography and water-fat separated MRI
Authors: Andersson Jonathan , Lundström Elin , Engström Mathias , Lubberink Mark , Ahlström Håkan , Kullberg Joel
Published: August 2019

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expends chemical energy to produce heat, which makes it a potential therapeutic target for combating metabolic dysfunction and overweight/obesity by increasing its metabolic activity. The most well-established method for measuring BAT metabolic activity is glucose uptake rate (GUR) measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). However, this is expensive and exposes the subjects to potentially harmful radiation. Cheaper and safer methods are warranted for large-scale or longitudinal studies. Potential alternatives include infrared thermography (IRT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to evaluate and further develop these techniques. Twelve healthy adult subjects were studied. The BAT GUR was measured using 18F-FDG PET during individualized cooling. The temperatures of the supraclavicular fossae and a control region were measured using IRT during a simple cooling protocol. The fat fraction and effective transverse relaxation rate of BAT were measured using MRI without any cooling intervention. Simple and multiple linear regressions were employed to evaluate how well the MRI and IRT measurements could estimate the GUR. Results showed that both IRT and MRI measurements correlated with the GUR. This suggest that these measurements may be suitable for estimating the cold-induced BAT GUR in future studies.
The encapsulation of metal nanoparticles within porous liquids
Authors: Hemming Ellen B. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: August 2019

Herein, we report for the first time a synthetic method for the encapsulation of metal nanoparticles within porous liquids.
Rhodium-catalyzed arylative cyclization of alkynyl malonates by 1,4-rhodium(i) migration
Authors: O’Brien Luke , Karad Somnath Narayan , Lewis William , Lam Hon Wai
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of functionalized 1-tetralones by the rhodium(i)-catalyzed reaction of alkynyl malonates with arylboronic acids is described.
Hydrochromism behaviors of solid forms of chelerythrine hydrochloride
Authors: Li Meiqi , Li Zhen , Wang Jian-rong , Mei Xuefeng
Published: August 2019

Salt formation has the potential to produce smart stimulus–response fluorescent materials without modifying the main chemical structures, especially for unstable stem-nucleus structures, and this is investigated in this work.
A silicotungstate-based copper–viologen hybrid photocatalytic compound for efficient degradation of organic dyes under visible light
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Jie , Yuan Xianzhi , Fu Zhiyong
Published: August 2019

An efficient visible light responsive compound [Cu(PBPY)]2[SiW12O40] (1) has been constructed by integrating a silicotungstate cluster into the copper–viologen framework. It shows high photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of dye pollutants.
Characterising glass transition temperatures and glass dynamics in mesoporous silica-based amorphous drugs
Authors: Kissi Eric Ofosu , Ruggiero Michael T. , Hempel Nele-Johanna , Song Zihui , Grohganz Holger , Rades Thomas , Löbmann Korbinian
Published: August 2019

Amorphous drug molecules bound to MPS surface are restricted in mobility, but they exhibit a primary glass transition temperature.
Theoretical insight into the single-atom catalytic mechanism of CeO2-supported Ag catalysts in CO oxidation
Authors: Shen Yongli , Yin Kangjuan , Xiao Zihui
Published: August 2019

CO oxidation on Ag–CeO2 catalysts was promoted by the synergistic effect of Ag, lattice O and O vacancies, and it follows a single-atom catalytic mechanism.
Dynamics of AlOH inelastic scattering with p-H2(J = 0) on a full and accurate potential energy surface
Authors: Naouai Manel , Najar Faouzi , Hammami Kamel
Published: August 2019

Alkali aluminum hydroxide, AlOH, has associated features with the chemistry of aluminum-bearing species and generally with metal hydroxide molecules in the interstellar clouds where it has been observed.
Aqueous-phase tandem catalytic conversion of xylose to furfuryl alcohol over [Al]-SBA-15 molecular sieves
Authors: Perez Rafael F. , Albuquerque Elise M. , Borges Luiz E. P. , Hardacre Christopher , Fraga Marco A.
Published: August 2019

Catalytically active sites were controllably assembled into an SBA-15 framework by direct hydrothermal synthesis.
Mechanistic insights into N-hydroxyphthalimide modified graphitic carbon nitride boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Ma Liu-Bo , Liang Kuang , Wang Gang , Fang Xiao-Xiang , Ling Cong , Zhao Tan , Kombo Miza , Cheang Tuck-Yun , Xu An-Wu
Published: August 2019

N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) retards the recombination of electron–hole pairs through extracting holes from g-C3N4, dramatically improving photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Film morphology of acrylonitrile materials deposited by a solution process and vacuum evaporation. Supramolecular interactions, optoelectronic properties and an approximation by computational calculations
Authors: Pérez-Gutiérrez Enrique , Cerón Margarita , Santos Pilar , Ceballos Paulina , Venkatesan Perumal , Thamotharan Subbiah , Bernal-Pinilla Wilson , Barbosa-García Oracio , Percino M. Judith
Published: August 2019

α,β-Unsaturated acrylonitrile compounds with a pyridine scaffold are fluorescent materials with efficient solid-state emission and electroluminescence properties.
Morphology-dependent charge storage performance of Co3O4 nanostructures in an all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Satpathy Biraj Kanta , Nayak Arpan Kumar , Raj C. Retna , Pradhan Debabrata
Published: August 2019

A microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is demonstrated to synthesize Co3O4 nanostructures as the positive electrode and a graphene hydrogel as the negative electrode for a supercapacitor.
Iron-based metal–organic framework as an effective sorbent for the rapid and efficient removal of illegal dyes
Authors: Duo Huixiao , Tang Hao , Ma Jianlong , Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Licheng , Liang Xiaojing
Published: August 2019

A metal organic framework (MOF-235) was fabricated by a simple solvothermal method and utilized as an adsorbent for the selective removal of electron-rich conjugated dyes.
Design of a coumarinyl-picolinoyl hydrazide Schiff base for the fluorescence turn-on–off sequential sensing of Al3+ and nitroaromatics, and electronic device fabrication
Authors: Purkait Rakesh , Dey Arka , Dey Sunanda , Ray Partha Pratim , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: August 2019

Designing a small organic molecule for fluorescence sensing and electrical conductivity is a challenging task.
Highly efficient detection of ciprofloxacin in water using a nitrogen-doped carbon electrode fabricated through plasma modification
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Yiran , Lu Jinghao , Xing Jie , Li Jiawei , Liu Ting , Xue Qiang
Published: August 2019

We developed a novel electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen plasma modification to effectively detect ciprofloxacin in water.
Graphite N–C–P dominated three-dimensional nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped holey graphene foams as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Ge Liping , Wang Dan , Yang Peixia , Xu Hao , Xiao Lihui , Zhang Guo-Xu , Lu Xiangyu , Duan Zhenzhen , Meng Fan , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong
Published: August 2019

A C atom with a positive charge in the graphite N–C–P structure is the dominating ORR active site in N,P-HGFs.
Selenium-containing supra-amphiphiles
Authors: Cao Wei , Xu Huaping
Published: August 2019

Supra-amphiphiles formed by noncovalent interactions are a versatile bottom-up fabrication strategy for functional soft materials.
Hybridizing amorphous NiOx nanoflakes and Mn-doped Ni2P nanosheet arrays for enhanced overall water electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Wen-Zhuo , Chen Guang-Yi , Zhao Jian , Liang Ji-Cai , Liu Guang-Fei , Ji Bao-Wei , Sun Li-Feng
Published: August 2019

A novel hierarchical core–shell hybrid nanostructured electrocatalyst (A-NiOx-20/Mn-Ni2P) showed high bifunctional activity towards overall water splitting.
Influence of particle size on extraction from a charged bed – toward liquid marble formation
Authors: Thomas Casey A. , Kasahara Moe , Asaumi Yuta , Lobel Benjamin T. , Fujii Syuji , Ireland Peter M. , Webber Grant B. , Wanless Erica J.
Published: August 2019

Larger particles are more readily extracted from an advancing bed of charged particles owing to decreased interparticle cohesion.
Development of a cold plug valve with fluoride salt
Authors: Giraud Julien , Ghetta Veronique , Rubiolo Pablo , Tano Retamales Mauricio
Published: August 2019

Experimental studies have been developed on a new freeze plug concept for safety valves in facilities using molten salt. They are designed to allow the closure of an upstream circuit by solidifying the molten salt in a section of the device and to passively melt in case of a loss of electric power, thus releasing the upper fluid. The working principle of these cold plug designs relies on the control of the heat transfer balance inside the device, which determines whether the salt inside the cold plug solidifies or melts. The device is mainly composed of steel masses that are dimensioned to provide sufficient thermal heat storage to melt the salt and thus open the cold plug after the electric power is stopped. The final goal of the work is to provide useful recommendations and guidelines for the design of a cold plug for the emergency draining system of a molten salt reactor. Some numerical thermal simulations were performed with ANSYS mechanical (Finite Element Method) to be compared with results of the experiments and to make extrapolations for a new component to be used in a reactor.
Finite element approximation of an obstacle problem for a class of integro–differential operators
Authors: Bonito Andrea , Lei Wenyu , Salgado Abner J.
Published: August 2019

We study the regularity of the solution to an obstacle problem for a class of integro–differential operators. The differential part is a second order elliptic operator, whereas the nonlocal part is given by the integral fractional Laplacian. The obtained smoothness is then used to design and analyze a finite element scheme.
Microstructure and texture evolution of medium temperature grain-oriented silicon steel produced by industrialization
Authors: Fan Lifeng , Jia Liying , Zhu Rong , He Jianzhong
Published: August 2019

The grain-oriented silicon steel was produced by medium temperature reheating and two-stage cold rolling process, and the microstructure and texture of all metallurgical processes were studied. The results shown that the microstructure of the hot rolled strip was inhomogeneous in thickness direction, the surface layer was the recrystallized microstructures with average grain size of 42.29 µm, the center layer was fiber structure, and the Goss texture appeared at surface. The primary recrystallized microstructure with average grain size of 16 µm was obtained after decarburization annealing, which characterized by a strong γ-fiber texture and a weak Goss texture. The average size of inhibitors in hot rolled strip and decarburization annealed sheet were 9.078 and 21.691 nm respectively, they were mainly compound of nitride and sulfide with spherical or lump shapes. The coarse Goss grains with average size 17.57 mm were got after secondary recrystallization, and the magnetic induction B8 and iron loss P1.7/50 were 1.885 T and 1.10 W/Kg, respectively.
Effect of the simultaneous Ti and W addition on the microstructure and wear behavior of a high chromium white cast iron
Authors: Guerra Francisco Vapeani , Bedolla-Jacuinde Arnoldo , Zuno-Silva Jorge , Mejia Ignacio , Cardoso-Legorreta Edgar , Arenas-Flores Alberto
Published: August 2019

The present work analyzes the effect of 0.7%Ti and 1.7%W addition to a 17% chromium white iron in as-cast condition and after destabilization heat treatment. These alloys are commonly used in applications where a high abrasive wear resistance is required. For this reason, in addition to the characterization, a complementary wear test was performed. The alloys were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The simultaneous Ti and W addition promoted the (Ti,W)C primary carbides formation which grow in the early stages of solidification. These carbides were found well distributed in the iron matrix with an average hardness value of 2450 HV. Moreover, tungsten was found partially distributed in the different phases increasing the microhardness by solid solution and refining the eutectic carbide. These microstructural modifications resulted in the increase of the bulk hardness and abrasive wear resistance of the alloyed iron. After destabilization heat treatment, the carbide precipitation and the matrix transformation produced a secondary hardening reducing the wear losses. Based in the results of the present study, the simultaneous addition of these elements to promote the (Ti,W)C carbide formation during solidification represents an effective method to increase the hardness and wear resistance of these kind of alloys via small additions.
Post-flânerie: How do mobile devices shape the experience of the city?
Authors: Argin Gorsev , Pak Burak , Turkoglu Handan
Published: August 2019

In the last decade, the advances in mobile technologies and location-based applications reshaped our mutual relationship with the urban environment. These technologies, as both a mean and barrier to the engagement between humans and their environment, have transformed the urban experience in profound ways. Urban experience is a relatively new concept introduced with the rise of modern cities in the nineteenth century. Its loss due to the rapid urbanization has been a subject of debate since then. Among the discussions that take place in this debate, the figure of ‘flâneur’ plays an extensive role. The flâneur is a figure who wanders through and appropriates the metropolitan city in pursuit of urban experience and reaps aesthetic meaning from the spectacle of the teeming crowds. Flânerie, or the act of wandering, and its implications for our understanding of urban life have been profound. Today, mobile technologies create a new kind of urban wanderer which is described as “post-flâneur”. In this paper, by examining the altering concept of flânerie, we discuss the effects of mobile technologies on urban experience. Based on an informed study of a wide range of theories, we make reflections on the impact of mobile devices on the mutual relationship between humans and their environment, introduce key concepts for understanding the emergent phenomenon of post-flânerie and elaborate on its interconnections with the phenomena of cyber and hybrid-flânerie.
Teaching a thorough, repeatable design process for ambiances in architecture
Authors: Lesko Thomas M.
Published: August 2019

Le Corbusier, it has been said, defined architecture as "the poetry of construction" and as such, the term "ambiances" is reminiscent of those great words. In order to create that special quality, that poetry, that ambiance in architecture, a design concept that is the result of a thorough, repeatable design process must be employed. The purpose of this paper/presentation is to explain the design thinking/design tools we need to teach our students, i.e. the future Le Corbusiers of the world, how to create those special qualities that make ambiances/poetry in architecture possible.
“Public Participatory Graphic Communications”
Authors: Eggink Harry A.
Published: August 2019

Ball State University is a public university in the state of Indiana which has a College of Architecture and Planning; its Community Based Program (CBP) was developed and created in 1969, and is now one of the three oldest continuous community education and service programs in the US. The program’s main objectives are to provide an educational design service to the public sector, to immerse our students in a public participatory urban design environment, and to educate the public sector to become active in the design and planning process of their communities. After my Urban Design Graduate studies at Harvard, I published two urban design booklets (the Urban Design Primer and the Urban Design Dictionary) for public distribution, to be utilized prior to our small-town charrettes. These illustrated booklets were designed to bridge the language and design process gap between the design professional and the public citizen, and to create a more active immersive participatory urban design engagement. Since the introduction and public use of these booklets, I have been involved with over a hundred CBP charrettes. In this paper, I will introduce and present the urban design public booklets, and demonstrate how the urban design graphics and visual communications were utilized effectively through several small-town charrette case studies. The paper will also blend the transition between the analog graphics and the digital imagery.