bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge Detection technique based on HDR image quality assessment
Authors: Wang Dingxian
Published: November 2021

Image edge detection is one of the major study aspects in current computer image processing field. The quality of the input images is uneven, some have large fuzzy areas, some are underexposed, and the edges of objects in the images are difficult to detect, and the application scenarios of image edge detection are limited. In the view of the above problems, this paper has proposed that by applying High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality assessment technology, combining multiple images with different exposures into one HDR image with detailed edge information, This technology effectively solved problem of low edge information richness, improved the effectiveness of edge detection algorithms, and contributed to the development of edge detection technology.
The Forward Modeling for Surface-borehole Observation Responses of Polarized Target
Authors: Meng Qingxin , Wang Zhigang , Lu Yao , Hang Guoyuan
Published: November 2021

Surface-hole induced polarization method is a typical deep resource exploration technology, which plays an important role in the mineral survey. The traditional surface-hole induced polarization method is mainly to observe a single polarized secondary field. At present, the time spectrum observation of polarization fields is becoming more and more popular, which greatly enriches the interpretation technology of induced polarization data. In this work, the time spectrum induced polarization method is expounded, the decay polarization fields were numerical calculated and analyzed for the typical 2-dimensional geoelectric model. The results show that for a single polarized target, the time spectrum obtained from different azimuth observation responses are basically the same, which can effectively reflect the time-varying characteristics of the polarized fields. The observation responses of polarized target at different depths can still reflect the time spectrum of decay fields. The main change of the observed response of the polarized target closer to the borehole is the response amplitude. The conclusions and simulations of this study can provide working mode for relevant research and reference for similar work.
Generative Facial Prior for Large-Factor Blind Face Super-Resolution
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Yi Li , Zou Hang , Gao Yining
Published: November 2021

Most existing face super-resolution (SR) methods are developed based on an assumption that the degradation is fixed and known (e.g., bicubic down sampling). However, these methods suffer a severe performance drop in various unknown degradations in real-world applications. Previous methods usually rely on facial priors, such as facial geometry prior or reference prior, to restore realistic face details. Nevertheless, low-quality inputs cannot provide accurate geometric priors while high-quality references are often unavailable, which limits the use of face super-resolution in real-world scenes. In this work, we propose GPLSR which used the rich priors encapsulated in the pre-trained face GAN network to perform blind face super-resolution. This generative facial priori is introduced into the face super-resolution process through channel squeeze-and-excitation spatial feature transformation layer (SE-SFT), which makes our method achieve a good balance between realness and fidelity. Moreover, GPLSR can restores facial details with single forward pass because of powerful generative facial prior information. Extensive experiment shows that when the magnification factor is 16, this method achieves better performance than existing techniques in both synthetic and real datasets.
A Medical Service Application Based on 3D-CNN and Knowledge Graph
Authors: Ni Jiasheng
Published: November 2021

Remote medical prognosis application is a category of medical tests tool designed to collect patients’ body conditions and offer diagnosis results synchronously. However, most online applications are predicated on a simple chat bot which typically redirect patients to other online medical websites, which undermines the user experience and may prompt useless information for their reference. To tackle these issues, this paper proposed a medical prognosis application with deep learning techniques for a more responsive and intelligent medical prognosis procedure. This application can be break down into three parts-lung cancer detection, a database-supporting medical QA bot and a Hierarchical Bidirectional LSTM model (HBDA). A 3D-CNN model is built for the lung cancer detection, with a sequence of sliced CT images as inputs and outputs a probability scaler for tumor indications. A knowledge graph is applied in the medical QA bot implementation and the HBDA model is designed for semantic segmentation in order to better capture users’ intention in medical questions. For the performance of the medical prognosis, since we have limited computer memory, the 3D-CNN didn’t perform very well on detecting tumor conditions in the CT images with accuracy at around 70%. The knowledge graph-based medical QA bot intelligently recognize the underlying pattern in patients’ question and delivered decent medical response. The HBDA model performs well on distinguish the similarities and disparities between various medical questions, reaching accuracy at 90%. These results shed light for the feasibility of utilizing deep learning techniques such as 3D-CNN, Knowledge Graph, and Hierarchical Bi-directional LSTM to simulate the medical prognosis process.
Finger Vein Recognition System Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Android
Authors: Wang Yangfeng , Chen Tao
Published: November 2021

With the rapid development of science and technology, biotechnology has developed rapidly. Among the many biometric technologies, finger vein technology has the characteristics of vitality, portability, and non-replicability, so it is considered to be the most promising biometric technology. However, the accuracy of finger vein recognition is affected by the collection device, the surrounding temperature and the algorithm. The flaws cannot be applied to real life on a large scale. This paper designs a finger vein recognition system based on convolutional neural network and Android, which mainly includes the following three parts. First, the system hardware includes the design of the acquisition device, the selection of the core development board and the display screen. Second, the design of the entire system software architecture is based on the MVVM architecture, which ensures low coupling of the program and is easy for later expansion and maintenance. The software includes collection function, recognition function and administrator function. Finally, a lightweight neural network is proposed for finger vein feature extraction, and proposed a storage method based on MMKV to meet the real-time performance of the system.
Automated band selection for Bayesian FFT modal identification Based on RetinaNet
Authors: Wang Chen , Xue Zhilin , Su Yipeng , Li Binbin
Published: November 2021

Bayesian FFT algorithm is a popular method to identify modal parameters, e.g., modal frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, of civil structures under operational conditions. It is efficient and provides the identification uncertainty in terms of posterior distribution. However, in utilizing the Bayesian FFT algorithm, it is tedious to manually select frequency bands and initial frequencies. This step requires professional knowledge and costs most of time, which prevents the automation of Bayesian FFT algorithm. Regarding the band selection as an object detection problem, we design a band selection network based on the RetinaNet to automatically select frequency bands and a peak prediction network to predict the initial frequencies. The designed networks are trained using the singular value spectrum of measured ambient vibration data and verified by various data sets. It can achieve the human accuracy with much less operation time, and thus provides a corner stone for the automation of Bayesian FFT algorithm.
Macroscopic structure of Pinus sylvestris L. wood during introduction to the Central forest-steppe
Authors: Galdina T , Khazova E
Published: November 2021

The macroscopic structure ofPinus sylvestris L. wood growing in the geographical cultures of the Central forest-steppe (Bryansk, Voronezh, and Volgograd climatypes), natural forests of the broad-leaved forest zone of the Bryansk region, the zone of the southern forest-steppe of the Voronezh region and the dry steppe of the Volgograd region was studied. The dependence of the annual ring width on the degree of humidification was found. WhenPinus sylvestris L. moving in arid conditions of the dry steppe, changes in the annual ring width were noted, this is an adaptive feature of plants to environmental conditions. The early wood is more susceptible to changes in width depending on the growing conditions than late wood. In geographical cultures ofPinus sylvestris L. created in the Central Forest-steppe of the Voronezh Region climatypes from the Bryansk region have a decrease in the annual ring width and climatypes from the Volgograd region have an increase in the annual ring width, which is related to a change in the degree of humidification. Macrostructural features of wood can be an indicator of the climate in certain natural conditions.
Study of the work of a self-propelled mulcher in the preparation of forest soils for planting poplar in the conditions of Bulgaria
Authors: Glushkov S , Popikov P I , Malyukov S V , Chakarov V , Boyadzhiev D
Published: November 2021

The article describes the use of mulcher technology in forestry for the care of forest crops, removal of overgrowth under power lines, in the right-of-way of gas and oil pipelines, railways and highways. With the help of mulchers, they create fire strips in the forest, make clearings. Mulchers clean fallen trees after fires, floods and hurricanes. They are involved in landscaping and agricultural work. The article examines the work of the PT-400 self-propelled tillage mulcher for the surface crushing of logging waste on the utilized poplar plantations of the Oryakhovsky state forestry in Bulgaria. The work of the Rotor Ferri S stump grinder was studied when crushing poplar stumps with a diameter of up to 50 cm. The hourly productivity of these machines at various operations was determined, and also the process of crushing stumps and felling residues by fractional composition was studied. The work of the mulcher was compared with the bulldozer technology and the mounted tractor stump grinder Rotor Ferri S. It was concluded that the mounted stump grinder Rotor Ferri S is the most suitable machine for grinding poplar stumps of any diameter, since its productivity significantly exceeds that of the PT-400 mulcher/tiller. The load on the tractor is minimal, which saves energy. At the same time, mulching technology is very effective and in demand.
The effect of a single inbreeding on the growth and development of fast-growing tree species, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens
Authors: Isakov I Yu
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research is to study parameters of seed reproduction systems in Betula pendula and B. pubescens, find possibilities for producing viable inbred plants, and analyze their growth and development and hybrid heterosis at crossing the selected forms in generations F1 and I1. Differentiation in deciduous trees by self-fertility level was established. By this feature the progeny of different tree groups have different genetic and selection value depending on pollination method of parent trees: at open pollination the progeny of self-sterile and transitional forms (cross-pollinating) are the most fast-growing and resistant to unfavorable environmental factors, whereas at self-pollination – the progeny of self-fertile forms. Accordingly parent trees were classified into three groups: self-fertile, self-sterile and transitional forms. Frequency of self-fertile forms and preservation of inbred plants in downy birch are higher than the similar indicators in silver birch. Thus an ambiguous effect of closely related crossing in tree species on the growth and development of their seed progeny was revealed. The effect of inbreeding on some trees is positive, on other negative, and there is the third group, in which the growth deflections caused by inbreeding are inessential. Such trees are suggested for use in various selection programs.
Formation of density and porosity of pine wood in a tree trunk
Authors: Kantieva E , Snegireva S , Platonov A
Published: November 2021

Wood is a material with unique properties that contribute to its wide use as a raw material for various types of industries. Different quality requirements are imposed on the raw materialdepending on the material or wood product. However, physical and mechanical properties of wood are not homogenousalong the radius and height of the trunk and depend on the species, location in the trunk and growing conditions. The aim of this research is to study the variability of porosity and density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood in a tree trunk growing in dry forests of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The studies were carried out on wood cuts, sawn at different trunk heights. The change in the density of pine wood along the height of the trunk by 1.43% for each meter has been established. The wood porosity increases from the butt to the top by an average of 5.5%. New information about the variability of wood properties makes it possible to rationally and reasonably approach the choice of raw materials for obtaining materials with specified performance characteristics.
Integrated environmental assessment of the perspective specially protected natural area of Voronezh city (Russia)
Authors: Kochergina M , Furmenkova E
Published: November 2021

A significant role in optimizing the state of the urban environment is played by the natural complex; one of its components is specially protected natural areas (SPNA). Therefore, the idea to create an SPNA system for the Voronezh region is especially important. The purpose of these studies was to prepare, according to a comprehensive environmental survey, a scientific justification for assigning the SPNA status of regional importance to recreational plantations. Standard methods of taxation, ecological, geographical, botanical, soil and faunal research were used in the work. The results of the studies include a description of the soil and plant cover, zoo and mycological complexes inhabiting the object. Natural features of SPNA including geographical situation, geological structure, and relief were identified. An analysis of the planning organization of the territory, types of spatial structure, aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic properties, forest environment digression and pathological state of plantations was carried out. Based on the results of the comprehensive survey, it was recommended to assign the SPNA status of regional significance to this object - a natural park, the main functions of which should be the preservation of natural complexes and maintaining environmental balance in the city district of Voronezh.
Influence of various tree species on the properties of soils in the “Kamennaya Steppe”
Authors: Kramareva T N , Tikhonova E N , Gromovik A I , Gorbunova N S , Korolev V A
Published: November 2021

The influence of various tree species of forest plantations on the soil properties of the “Kamenno-Stepnoye Experimental Forestry” (Talovsky District, Voronezh Region, Russia) is considered. The aim of the study is to reveal the degree of transformation of the properties of chernozems under various perennial plantations, since forest reclamation is the most important measure to optimize the agroecological state of soils. The researchers note that different tree species have different effects on soil properties. However, this issue is still insufficiently studied and relevant. The research results showed the positive role of tree species on the structural and aggregate state of soils and their water-physical properties. It was found that tree species contribute to the optimization of soil density, humus and moisture reserves. It was revealed that the influence of different tree species on the agroecological state of chernozems is not the same. Thus, under larch (Larix siberica Ldb.) And maple (Acer platanoides L.), the maximum increase in the level of soil humus was observed, as well as a significant improvement in the physical and water-physical properties of soils. What makes this breed the most promising for use in soil protection of the steppe zone.
Features of the migration of heavy metals in the forest landscapes of the ’Kamennaya Steppe’
Authors: Kramareva T , Gorbunova N , Tikhonova E , Gromovik A , Kulikova E
Published: November 2021

The article examines the influence of woody vegetation on the change in some soil properties. Numerous studies have confirmed the change in the water regime under forest belts. Such dynamics entails the transformation of morphological characteristics and the following basic soil properties: pH of the soil solution, carbon of organic compounds. The evolution of properties causes changes in the total content of heavy metals: nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and their exchange compounds. The features of the profile distribution of Ni, Pb and Cd in the chernozems of the forest belt have been studied. Elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Carbon of organic compounds - by titrimetric method, pH of soil solution - by potentiometric method. Wood species affect the profile distribution of heavy metals. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship in the profile distribution of carbon of organic compounds, pH, Ni, Pb. Variational analysis of spatial heterogeneity showed the differences in the studied indicators between arable land and forest belt. A decrease in the coefficient of variation from the forest belt to arable land is noted. The phenomenon is explained by plowing, mixing the soil mass and leveling out spatial differences in the content of carbon of organic compounds, pH, heavy metals.
Carbon sequestration in artificial forest stands of the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Republic
Authors: Kulakova E
Published: November 2021

The work was carried out in order to study the functions of carbon accumulation and oxygen release by biomass of artificial forests of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The study was carried out on the territory of the Kuban forestry. Plantings, both pure and mixed in composition, are grown under the same conditions for growing fresh oak forests, aged 48 to 63 years. The research is based on the method of comparison and analysis associated with the concept of multipurpose, rational, sustainable use of forest resources. Carbon stocks were estimated using an analytical method. The volumes of atmospheric carbon and carbon dioxide absorbed by forests, as well as the volume of oxygen released, have been calculated. The calculation results show that the maximum amount of carbon is absorbed by ordinary ash (931.9 t/ha) and English oak (476.7 t/ha). The minimum amount of carbon dioxide (158 t/ha) is absorbed by Siberian elm. This crop also emits the least amount of oxygen – 117.3 t/ha. Using test results can help estimate the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants and the amount of oxygen released.
Promising directions for the development of the forest sector in a sparsely wooded region
Authors: Avdeeva I
Published: November 2021

Most researchers of the problems and prospects of the forest sector focus their attention on issues related to the concept of sustainable development. Sparsely wooded regions of Russia face a lot of obstacles, which makes the search for promising directions for the development of the forest sector in these regions with an active role of state support urgent. The work investigates the forest sector of Kursk region: the main problems and trends observed in its forest sector are noted, the key features of its forest resources are discussed. The directions for the development of the forest sector in the region and the related tasks of state support are formulated. All proposals are based on an orientation towards stimulating the use of local wood raw materials in those types of regional industries that are least demanding on the quality of raw materials. The following is proposed: (a) development of elements of “forest-oriented” environmental legislation; (b) regulatory support of demand for local renewable energy sources through diversification of heat supply to social infrastructure facilities; (c) setting quotas for the share of local wood raw materials consumed by enterprises.
Efficiency evaluation of energy recovery in the bunk of a timber truck based on the results of simulation modelling
Authors: Posmetev V I , Nikonov V O , Posmetev V V
Published: November 2021

The main reasons restraining the efficiency of timber trucks (hauling tractors with semi-trailers) have been considered. A promising direction has been proposed making it possible to increase the efficiency of hauling tractors with semi-trailers. This direction consists in the development and study of a recuperative bunk device for a timber haulage site, installed on a logging tractor. The aim of the research consisted of two stages. At the first stage, a mathematical model for the functioning of the recuperative bunk device of the logging site, installed on a timber truck has been developed. At the second stage, a computer program for a preliminary assessment of the efficiency of the proposed recuperative system has been created. The time dependence of the current recuperative power when hauling tractor moves along an insufficiently equipped timber road has been obtained. The regularity of the influence of the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder of the recuperative bunk device on the average values of the recovered power has been revealed.
The distribution of bacteria Gibbsiella quercinecans and Brenneria goodwinii in oak (Quercus robur L.) stands in Latvia
Authors: Zalkalns O , Celma L
Published: November 2021

Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a complex plant disease affecting species of native oaks, for example, Quercus robur, in Latvia. Typical AOD symptoms are bark cracks with dark exudate. In other European region countries, like the United Kingdom, AOD is associated with bark insects, for example, Agrilus biguttatus. From the results of the forest survey, it can be concluded that in oak forest stands located in Latvia, there is practically no damage by the bark insect A. biguttatus, which may indicate the existence of another AOD spreading vector. In 2019, from one oak, which was positive for AOD in the spring, repeated stem bleed samples were taken in the autumn period, the laboratory analysis results of the repeated samplings were negative. These findings suggest that the activity of bacteria Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans are influenced by climatic conditions.
Study of the readiness of forestry enterprises to use digital technologies
Authors: Panyavina E , Morkovina S , Kulakova E , Alyabyeva M
Published: November 2021

The forestry system of the Russian Federation uses information and communication technologies in order to bring the necessary legal, regulatory, organizational information to the participants of forestry relations, stakeholders and the public. It is necessary to pay attention to improving the infrastructure for supporting information and communication technologies. In this regard, the results of an expert survey of representatives of forestry enterprises on the state of affairs and the level of technical readiness of the use of digital technologies in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests, afforestation (forest relations) are extremely important. Methodological recommendations were developed for the questioning of participants in forestry relations, allowing to assess the use of information and communication technologies in forestry. Based on the results of the study, the most relevant measures for the implementation were identified, and a conclusion was drawn up on the state of affairs and the level of technical readiness of the use of digital technologies in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests, afforestation (forest relations). The results obtained open up new areas of scientific research in the field of digital technologies application in the forestry complex.
Formation of pine wood density depending on the parameters of annual ring and latitudinal zoning
Authors: Kiseleva A V , Snegireva S N , Platonov A D
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of studies of changes in wood density depending on annual ring width and its characteristics. Density is a basic indicator for assessing operational and technical properties of wood. At the same time, density is characterized by certain variability within the same species, depending on annual ring characteristics, influenced by environmental factors, age of trees and position in the trunk. The purpose of this study is to establish the formation of density depending on annual ring width and late wood for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood in the central European part of Russia. Density research was made using the specimens with one annual ring by the method of buoyancy. Absolute values of the annual ring of early and late wood were measured in cores. It was found that wood density is only influenced by late wood width in the annual ring, being under strict genetic control. In the southern taiga zone correlation between density and late wood width is varying between 0.49-0.66 and it is less than in the forest-steppe zone. The correlation of density with annual ring width in the southern taiga zone is 0.5. It is less than in the forest-steppe zone (0.57-0.81).
Study of the operation of the Mounty 4000 machine in logging in mountainous conditions in Bulgaria
Authors: Glushkov S , Boyadzhiev D , Popikov P I , Chetverikova I V , Abramov V V , Polukarov Yu D
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the process of operation of the Mounty 4000 machine in mountain conditions. The main goal of the research is to establish production rates for harvesting when using Mounty 4000 machines in mountainous areas. The need for research in this direction is due to the lack of such data in the current regulations, as well as in the scientific literature. To study the operation of the Mounty 4000, a passive production experiment was carried out in the mountainous regions of Bulgaria. The obtained data on the rates of output and operating time of the Mounty 4000 allows you to make scientifically based decisions in the selection of effective technical means from a large number of alternatives for forest harvesting technologies in mountainous areas.
Effect of shading on the English oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings water regime
Authors: Popova A , Popova V
Published: November 2021

Shading is a common urban stress in the city due to the light block from buildings. Oaks stands are found as part of park areas, forests and in point gardening in many large cities of the world. In this work we examined anatomical and physiological aspects of the adaptation of oak seedlings to the lack of light. To determine the intensity of transpiration, leaf hydration, and water deficiency, the weight indicators of the leaves were measured. Anatomically, the analysis of the leaf epidermis was carried out by microscopy of varnish prints. Changes were revealed in the anatomical structure of the leaf and were irreversible in the water regime undo shading. It was found the correlation between stomatal apparatus of the leaves and incoming solar radiation amount. With the optimal combination of hydrometeofactors, the evaporation rate in the heavily shaded leaves during the day did not exceed 15 ± 0.9 g/(m2h), which was 30…35% of the transpiration intensity in the well-lit control leaves. Then, shading by 80% reduced transpiration by 50…65 %. The influence of the degree of shading on the water regime of oak seedlings is shown for the first time at forest-steppe region.
Plant species selection and biomass nutrient content on post-mine sites of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, Russia
Authors: Treschevskaya E , Golyadkina’ I , Treschevskaya S , Kushnir E
Published: November 2021

The article presents data on the assessment of the different tree and shrubs species for a reclamation of the hydraulic dump of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify highly productive tree and shrub species with the maximum content of nitrogen and ash elements in the biomass. The objects of research are protective plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L., Caragana arborescens L., Betula pendula L., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Pínus sylvestris L., Populus balsamifera L. Under the influence of different type of vegetation, the fertility of the dump substrates increases and the initial substrates gradually turns into soil. The rate of formation of primary soils depends on the biomass of plantations and the content of chemical elements in it. The article analyzes data on the content of the main chemical elements in different parts of plants aged 8-9 years. Trees and shrubs are arranged in sequential rows in terms of nitrogen accumulation, ash elements and overall biological productivity. The authors identified sea-buckthorn and robinia pseudoacacia, which, already at a young age, are characterized by high productivity (146.2 and 118.0 dt/ha) and have a positive effect on the fertility of the dump substrates.
Changing wood texture with combination of selective treatment and pressing
Authors: Shamaev V A , Medvedev I N , Parinov D A
Published: November 2021

Structural and anatomical models of alder wood have been developed on the basis of technical and physical models of wood. The models enable to solve the problem of penetrating changes in wood texture by combining selective treatment (impregnation) with two wood colouring agents in different directions of anisotropy, followed by uneven pressing. Specimens with the texture of mahogany, rosewood, walnut, etc have been obtained. Alder wood is pressed at an angle of 45° to the radial direction to obtain the texture of mahogany, at an angle of 90° – for a texture of rosewood. At the same time, physical and mechanical properties of modified wood correspond to similar indicators of wood of these species. The study of macro-and microstructure of pressed wood suggests that texture of the obtained material corresponds to the texture of rosewood and mahogany. It is possible to imitate any species of valuable wood using the obtained structural models and the developed techniques.
Modeling of operating modes of woodworking equipment
Authors: Zaikin A , Zelikov V , Merkelov V , Sivakov V
Published: November 2021

The effective use of the production capabilities of logging and woodworking equipment largely depends on the compliance of their design features and work organization parameters in specific production and technical conditions. This is achieved in the process of technological calculations with the determination of the optimal modes of their functioning. The paper proposes a methodology and results of modeling on analytical models when sawing logs. The proposed method consists in the fact that in order to maintain stocks at the calculated level, eliminate downtime of machines with the highest productivity in operations with a lower productivity, the duration of their operation is increased by the time calculated for specific conditions. As a result of the work, the analysis of methods and models of timber inventory management was carried out. The main features of woodworking production and its technological process are given. It has been established that the technological process is a production line of mixed aggregation with flexible connections.
Assessment of the innovative potential of the timber enterprises in the Russian Ural region
Authors: Butko G , Yakovenko N , Menshikova M , Porotnikov P , Tihomirov E
Published: November 2021

The development and implementation of innovations are becoming integral functions of a modern industrial enterprise. The author has developed an author’s approach to assessing the innovation potential of forest enterprises through the analysis of financial sustainability and the ability to cover their own liabilities to achieve competitive advantages. The methodological research toolkit uses the competitiveness rating of economic entities of the timber industry complex of the Ural region, formed according to several economic indicators of the market segment occupied by the enterprise, the quality of its products, innovation activity and its efficiency, the degree of financial support, innovative research projects and the availability and effectiveness of facilities, as the resulting indicator. The economic profit indicator used to assess the effectiveness of enterprises is positive if the enterprise has managed to earn more than the profitability of similar enterprises, i.e. the enterprise implements innovative projects, which in turn bring additional competitive advantages. The developed approach makes it possible to identify and evaluate the most significant elements of the innovative potential of the enterprise on the basis of the rating assessment, thus allowing to take into account the specific features of the enterprise and its operating conditions.
An assessment of the contribution of forest sector to federal and regional fiscal budgets in Russia
Authors: Glazyrina I P , Demchenko K A
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problems of effective use of forest ecosystem resources. The purpose of the article is to quantify the socio-economic efficiency of forest management in the regions of Russia. The paper uses the methods of correlation analysis and spatial analysis with the use of Geographic information system technologies. The assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of regional forest management was carried out using the author's methodology. Several quantitative indicators are considered. The calculations allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. In the 2010-2019 period, these indicators in the east of the country, as a rule, are significantly lower than the national average. At the same time, revenues from regional forest management to the consolidated budget of the country in some regions are negative due to the return of the export value added tax. The federal government encourages the development of the forest sector, using the mechanism of Priority Investment Projects, providing significant benefits to large-scale investors. The analysis shows that in general, the Priority Investment Projects mechanism contributes to the development and modernization of the forestry in Russia, but it does not take into account some regional features and needs to be adjusted.
Assessment of the economic security of the intersectoral complex: a regional aspect
Authors: Kapustina Y A , Rostovskaya Y N
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of assessing the economic security of a regional intersectoral complex. The object of the study is the forest sector as a set of traditional industries and types of economic activity of a separate Russian region united by consistent technological, production, and financial links in the use and reproduction of forest resources. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the analysis of scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the study of economic security and methodological support for its assessment, modeling of the forest sector, and forest management. The research used methods of multidimensional comparative analysis, as well as traditional methods of processing statistical information. The result of the study is the development of a methodology for rating the economic security of a regional industrial complex and its practical testing in relation to the forest sector of the economy of the subjects of the Ural Federal District. The proposed methodology is universal and, provided that the key provisions are preserved, can be used to assess the economic security of other socio-economic systems.
Floristic core of the Russian Plain pine forests along Pinus sylvestris southern borders
Authors: Kin N O
Published: November 2021

Pine forests - forest tracts on the sandy left banks, where the main area is occupied by plant communities with a predominance of Pinus sylvestris. Due to the significant distance from each other, the floras of the pine forests differ. However, the flora of these pine forests also shares common characteristics. In order to establish the floristic unity of the forests at the southern limit of the distribution of Pinus sylvestris, work was carried out to identify their floristic core. For 20 years, floristic surveys have been carried out in the forests of the steppe and forest-steppe zones. A general floristic list was compiled, with the identification of aboriginal and alien fractions, and the floristic core was established. Revealed: the core of the flora is determined by the pine forest flora with the lowest number of species among the comparable pine forests. The core of the flora of the studied pine forests included 30.8% of the species of the general flora. An increase in the number of analyzed floras will bring accuracy to the determination of the floristic core. This will make it possible to form an understanding of the pine forest flora as a single floristic complex.
Climate change and adaptation practices in the forestry sector of the Russian Federation
Authors: Konstantinov A V , Koroleva T S , Kushnir E A
Published: November 2021

Over the past 10 years, the country’s legal and regulatory framework has been developing instruments related to sustainable development and security in the context of climate change. To investigate the practice of planning measures for adaptation of the Russian forestry sector to climate change, an analysis has been made of the information on planned measures for the conservation of the ecological potential of forests, adaptation to climate change and increasing forest resilience provided in the forest planning documents of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The information in the Forest Plans shall be correlated with the results of the vulnerability and risk assessment carried out for the specific forestry conditions and forms an appropriate set of adaptation measures. The conducted study showed that 100% of the constituent entities whose forest plans contain adaptation indicators have planned to carry out adaptation measures to the risk associated with the increased frequency of wildfires. The analysis showed no correlation between the amount of work and the cost of implementing each of the planned adaptation actions and events. At the same time, the validity of risk adaptation priorities in some constituent entities probably requires further refinement and clarification.
State of woody vegetation in an urbanized environment (the example of Krasnoyarsk)
Authors: Lisotova E , Suntsova L , Inshakov E
Published: November 2021

Woody plants are one of the effective ways of stabilising the ecological environment of large industrial cities. In order to maximize the effect of green spaces a large and diverse research effort is needed to study the urban green spaces, assess their ecological plasticity and adaptive potential. The results of such research will be the basis for recommendations on the selection of an assortment of species for landscaping of urban areas. The aim of the study was to investigate the condition of woody plants growing in the urban environment of Krasnoyarsk. Within the framework of the study a comprehensive assessment of existing urban green spaces was carried out for the first time for Krasnoyarsk. The species composition and age structure of plantings are established by the results of inventory of public plantings. The vital state of dominant species has been evaluated and their ecological and physiological characteristics, including the study of water retaining capacity of leaves, has been carried out. That allowed to estimate the impact of anthropogenic environment on the condition of urban woody plants.
Effectiveness of stimulating treatment cuttings of privet common (Ligustrum vulgare L.) with biologically active preparations
Authors: Martynova N V , Besschetnova N N , Besschetnov V P , Martynov R V
Published: November 2021

The effectiveness of the use biologically active substances in the rooting of cuttingsprivet common (Ligustrum vulgare L.) in its introduction in the region of Nizhny Novgorod was studied. The processes of callus adventitious root formation were studied. The research target was an arboretum collection of common privet in Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy with geographical coordinates 56°19′43” N, 44°00′O7” E and an altitude of 141 m above sea level. Tested nine industrially produced biologically active preparations widely used in tree and forest nurseries to increase the efficiency of rooting cuttings. The positive effect of cutting treatment with biologically active preparations was confirmed. A significant intensity of callus formation was recorded in the variants with profistim (98.50±1.05%) and extrasol (96.50±0.76%). A noticeable increase in the number of adnexal roots was caused by the use of the drugs heteroauxin (24.55±1.08 pcs.) and ferovit (22.00±1.38 pcs.). The best results for the total length of adventive roots were obtained after the use of heteroauxin (266.92±16.71 cm) and ecofus (272.22±14.42 cm). The effectiveness of bioactive drugs in stimulating regeneration processes on privet cuttings, increasing in the intensity of callus formation and the rate of linear growth of adventitious roots has been proven.
Use of organic biostimulant for growing Siberian spruce seedlings
Authors: Saltsevich Y V , Ageev A A , Buryak L V , Achikolova I S
Published: November 2021

This study aims to assess the possibility of using a biostimulant Verva-spruce based on spruce’s natural phenolic compounds to reduce the time of growing planting material with improved features. The targets were seeds and 1-4-year-old seedlings of Siberian spruce, untreated and treated with the biostimulant. The effect of the biostimulant on seed germination, seedlings growth, and the pigment’s content in needles were studied. Results shown that soaking seeds in biostimulant at a concentration of 0.00025% increased the germination energy and accelerated hypocotyl growth. Moreover, using the biostimulant significantly increased the growth rate of experimental seedlings and heightened the amount of green pigment chlorophyll a up to 2.5 times. In 2020, in order to study the dynamics of the qualitative characteristics of the plants grown using biostimulant, experimental forest plantations of 4-year-old Siberian spruce seedlings were planted in the Altai-Sayan mountain taiga area. The experimental plantation will be monitored at least until the closure of the canopy.
Modernization of mini-tractor for wood skidding
Authors: Terinov N , Toybich V , Gertz E , Mekhrentsev A , Azarenok V , Kazantsev P
Published: November 2021

The work was carried out in three directions: changing the rotation system of mini-tractor, installing remote control of the winch and improving the trailer. The modernization of the mini-tractor in all directions was successfully completed, and the research results were patented. Testing of the improved mini-tractor in real working conditions confirmed our expectations. Replacing the rotary mechanism with steering, installing the driver’s seat significantly reduced operator fatigue when wood skidding. Remote control of the winch reduced the time of wood loading on the trailer by 1.7 times compared to the option without using it. The total time to perform entire technology cycle from cutting trees to loading them on the trailer, skidding and unloading is decreased by 19.4%. Changing the design of the trailer allows to exclude the turn of the tractor train along the skidroad with penetration into the forest and facilitate the loading of harvested timber.
Recreational potential of the pine forests in the Vologda region drawing on the example of Kradikhino forest
Authors: Khamitov R S , Zarubina L V , Platonova Ju A , Zaytseva V A , Osokina A V , Fomicheva M V
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research is to identify the recreational potential of green plantings in the vicinity of the village of Kradikhino, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district of the Vologda Region. The research has been carried out according to the methods of a comprehensive assessment of the recreational potential of S.L. Rysin. The research results indicate that the most recreationally valuable plantings are concentrated in commercial forests. Recreational value plantings of Class III predominate in protective forests (60%), and of Class II – in commercial ones (54%). The expediency of recreational use of these plantings by the local population has been noted. The negative impact on the recreation of clear cuttings in commercial forests has been revealed. Some measures have been recommended to optimize the multifunctional use of the forests. Taking into account the high recreational value of commercial forests, it is advisable to create a landscape reserve in the 1st and 11th compartments of the Karyugsky forestry, where scientific work should also be organized to study the effect of recreation on the forest environment.
Promising introduced Black Cottonwood species for bioenergy and forage production
Authors: Tsarev A , Plugatar Yu , Tsareva R , Tsarev V , Laur N
Published: November 2021

The winter-hardy introduced North American Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray is of particular interest. The results of the study of some clones of poplar on the experimental sites of the Voronezh region are presented. It was found that the rootability of standard stem cuttings of poplar was 98-100%. The survival of plants during the first 3-5 years varied from 75 to 100%. The growing season in different years was 135-146 days. The yield of standard cuttings on root-cutting plantations under favorable conditions and optimal age varied in different clones from 592 000 to 1 380 000 pieces per ha. The wood stock at the age of economical exploitability (~25 years) reached 400 m3/ha, while the stock of local balsam poplar at the same age reached 220 m3/ha. The green mass of leaves contained 0.22-0.28 feed units/kg. In addition, the content of digestible protein, calcium, phosphorus, carotene, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractives and ash was determined. In general, studied clones of P. trichocarpa can be used in short rotation coppices for bioenergy and feed production, as well as in reclamation plantings. Clones of the poplar can be used in hybridization with black poplars to increase their winter hardiness.
The complex of machines for low-cost artificial reforestation in the taiga zone
Authors: Tsypouk A , Rodionov A , Druchinin D
Published: November 2021

Problems of mechanization of artificial reforestation in the taiga zone are increasing the productivity of manual labour and reducing the costs of subsequent young stand treatment (early tending and early pre-commercial thinning). Petrozavodsk State University has developed the complex of machines and technologies capable to solve these problems. This complex includes: seeder, root-cutter, dynamic hole-maker and mechanical mounder. Seeder and root-cutter are intended for growing enlarged seedlings with an open root system in forest nurseries. Seeder provides mechanization of sowing seeds. Root-cutter is used for pruning the root systems of seedlings during cultivation. Dynamic hole-maker provides strip soil clearing, surface tillage and preparation of holes for manual planting of seedlings. The hole-maker is also capable to make soil scarification and sowing forest seeds. Mechanical mounder provides strip clearing in the forest plot and creation of humus mounds with mineral soil cover for manual planting of seedlings. Basic technological parameters of the complex of machines have been also substantiated at the Petrozavodsk State University.