bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the random encounter model method to estimate carnivore densities using data generated by conventional camera-trap design
Authors: Garrote Germán , Pérez de Ayala Ramón , Álvarez Antón , Martín José M. , Ruiz Manuel , de Lillo Santiago , Simón Miguel A.
Published: December 2019

The random encounter model, a method for estimating animal density using camera traps without the need for individual recognition, has been developed over the past decade. A key assumption of this model is that cameras are placed randomly in relation to animal movements, requiring that cameras are not set only at sites thought to have high animal traffic. The aim of this study was to define a correction factor that allows the random encounter model to be applied in photo-trapping surveys in which cameras are placed along tracks to maximize capture probability. Our hypothesis was that applying such a correction factor would compensate for the different rates at which lynxes use tracks and the surrounding area, and should thus improve the estimates obtained with the random encounter model. We tested this using data from a well-known Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus population. Firstly, we estimated Iberian lynx densities using a traditional camera-trapping design followed by spatially explicit capture–recapture analyses. We estimated the differential use rate for tracks vs the surrounding area using data from a lynx equipped with a GPS collar, and subsequently calculated the correction factor. As expected, the random encounter model overestimated densities by 378%. However, the application of the correction factor improved the estimate and reduced the error to 16%. Although there are limitations to the application of the correction factor, the corrected random encounter model shows potential for density estimation of species for which individual identification is not possible.
Association of etiological factors across the extreme end and continuous variation in disordered eating in female Swedish twins
Authors: Dinkler Lisa , Taylor Mark J. , Råstam Maria , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Bulik Cynthia M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Gillberg Christopher , Lundström Sebastian
Published: December 2019

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that many psychiatric disorders etiologically represent the extreme end of dimensionally distributed features rather than distinct entities. The extent to which this applies to eating disorders (EDs) is unknown.

Methods

We investigated if there is similar etiology in (a) the continuous distribution of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), (b) the extremes of EDI-2 score, and (c) registered ED diagnoses, in 1481 female twin pairs at age 18 years (born 1992–1999). EDI-2 scores were self-reported at age 18. ED diagnoses were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register, parent-reported treatment and/or self-reported purging behavior of a frequency and duration consistent with DSM-IV criteria. We differentiated between anorexia nervosa (AN) and other EDs.

Results

The heritability of the EDI-2 score was 0.65 (95% CI 0.61–0.68). The group heritabilities in DeFries–Fulker extremes analyses were consistent over different percentile-based extreme groups [0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.81) to 0.65 (95% CI 0.55–0.75)]. Similarly, the heritabilities in liability threshold models were consistent over different levels of severity. In joint categorical-continuous models, the twin-based genetic correlation was 0.52 (95% CI 0.39–0.65) between EDI-2 score and diagnoses of other EDs, and 0.26 (95% CI 0.08–0.42) between EDI-2 score and diagnoses of AN. The non-shared environmental correlations were 0.52 (95% CI 0.32–0.70) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.38–0.79), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that some EDs can partly be conceptualized as the extreme manifestation of continuously distributed ED features. AN, however, might be more distinctly genetically demarcated from ED features in the general population than other EDs.
The Strength of a Weak Organization: The Communist Youth League as a Path to Power in Post-Mao China
Authors: Doyon Jérôme
Published: December 2019

How can a weak organization be a path to power? The Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) lacks autonomy and coherence yet it is seen as the cradle for one of the main factions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). To understand this tension, I provide a novel account of the role played by the CYL in the recruitment of leading cadres since the 1980s. Against explanations based on factional struggles, I argue that the rise of CYL-affiliated cadres is a by-product of the organization's weakness. As the Party appoints CYL heads, CCP leaders, at various levels and at different points in time, have used the League to accelerate the promotion of their protégés. For years, there has been little incentive for Party bosses to dismantle this promotion path. However, in his bid to consolidate his power, Xi Jinping has weakened this channel so that it may not be used by potential rivals.
Overestimated discriminatory power of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for typing of carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeclones
Authors: Jiang Fei , Kong Ziyan , Cheng Chen , Kang Haiquan , Gu Bing , Ma Ping
Published: December 2019

Homology surveillance of carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) is critical to monitor and prevent outbreaks of nosocomial infections. In the present study, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method was evaluated as a rapid tool for typing CRKP in comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Drug-resistant phenotypes and genotypes of 44 CRKP isolates were detected by microdilution broth method and polymerase chain reaction, and typed by PFGE, MLST and MALDI-TOF MS. Simpson's Index of Diversity was used to evaluate taxonomic diversity, Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) for congruence between the typing methods and Wallace coefficients (W) for the ability of either method to predict each other. Forty-four CRKP isolates of 15 sequence types (STs) produced eitherNDM-1(n= 16),NDM-5(n= 9) orKPC-2(n= 19) carbapenemases. PFGE differentiated these isolates into 16 distinct types, and two deoxyribonucleic acid profiles were assigned to ST337 and ST11, respectively. MALDI-TOF MS failed to clearly delineate between clusters on dendrograms based on principal components analysis and main spectrum profile. The chosen parameters resulted in a maximum ARI of 0.310 (95% CI 0.088–0.531) between MALDI-TOF MS typing and the PFGE reference, indicating a low ability of the former to correctly identify related isolates. Likewise, the maximumWcoefficient of 0.367 (95% CI 0.203–0.532) showed that MALDI-TOF MS had a lower predictive power than PFGE. We conclude that MALDI-TOF MS lacks the discriminatory power necessary for clone assignment of CRKP isolates and consequently cannot be considered as a rapid and creditable method for this purpose.
The Young Adolescent Project: A longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development
Authors: Negriff Sonya , Gordis Elana B. , Susman Elizabeth J. , Kim Kihyun , Peckins Melissa K. , Schneiderman Janet U. , Mennen Ferol E.
Published: December 2019

The Young Adolescent Project (YAP) is an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the effects of abuse and neglect on adolescent development. It is a multidisciplinary study guided by a developmental, ecological perspective, and designed to consider the physical, social, and psychological effects of childhood maltreatment through the transition from childhood to adolescence. Four waves of data collection have been completed, ranging from early (Mean age = 10.95) to late adolescence (Mean age = 18.24). Members of the maltreated group (n = 303) were selected from new cases that had been opened by the Department of Child and Family Services, whereas the comparison group (n = 151) were not involved with child welfare but lived in the same neighborhoods as the maltreated group. The study assessed a wide variety of domains including physical development (e.g., height, weight, body mass, pubertal development); physiological reactivity (e.g., cortisol); cognitive abilities; mental health (e.g., symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and aggression); risk behavior (e.g., sexual activity, delinquency, or substance use); social development (e.g., self-esteem, competence, and social support); family environment; and exposure to community violence. Overall, our findings demonstrated the pervasive and persistent adverse effects of child maltreatment both within and across domains, but they also identified maltreated youth with positive functioning. Our hope is that this work will help move us toward identifying targets for intervention to cultivate resilience and positive adaptation after early maltreatment experiences.
Dynamics of Deep Ocean Eastern Boundary Currents
Authors: Yang Xiaoting , Tziperman Eli , Speer Kevin
Published: December 2019

The long‐standing paradigm for the large‐scale time‐averaged ocean circulation in the world oceans includes intensified currents at the western boundary, and a much slower interior flow elsewhere. However, poleward deep boundary currents in the eastern limits of the deep South Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans have been observed repeatedly at 2‐ to 4‐km depth. They carry up to a third of the total deep ocean transports, implying a significant role in climate, yet their dynamics are still not well understood. Here we develop a theoretical understanding for these currents, using a hierarchy of realistic and idealized models, focusing on the South Pacific Ocean. The deep eastern boundary current there is shown to be driven by a traditional interior balance together with a narrow boundary layer scale near the eastern boundary, which exists only when stratification and topography are both included. A simplified semianalytical vorticity model is developed for the deep eastern boundary current.
Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Michou M. , Nabat P. , Saint‐Martin D. , Bock J. , Decharme B. , Mallet M. , Roehrig R. , Séférian R. , Sénési S. , Voldoire A.
Published: December 2019

Characteristics and radiative forcing of the aerosol and ozone fields of two configurations of the Centre National de Recherches Météoroglogiques (CNRM) and Cerfacs climate model are analyzed over the historical period (1850–2014), using several Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. CNRM‐CM6‐1 is the atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model including prescribed aerosols and a linear stratospheric ozone scheme, while the Earth System Model CNRM‐ESM2‐1 has interactive tropospheric aerosols and chemistry of the midtroposphere aloft. The representations of aerosols and ozone in CNRM‐CM6‐1 are issued from simulations of CNRM‐ESM2‐1, and this ensures some comparability of both representations. In particular, present‐day anthropogenic aerosol optical depths are similar (0.018), and their spatial patterns correspond to those of reference data sets such as MACv2 and MACv2‐SP despite a negative bias. Effective radiative forcings (ERFs) have been estimated using 30‐year fixed sea surface temperature simulations (piClim) and several calls to the radiative scheme. Present‐day anthropogenic aerosol ERF, aerosol‐radiation ERF, and aerosol cloud ERF are fully within CMIP5 estimates and, respectively, equal to
1.10,
0.36, and
0.81 W m
for CNRM‐CM6‐1 and
0.21,
0.61, and
0.74 W m
for CNRM‐ESM2‐1. Additional CMIP6‐type piClim simulations show that these differences are mainly due to the interactivity of the aerosol scheme whose impact is confirmed when assessing the response of both climate model configurations to rising CO
. Present‐day stratospheric ozone ERF, equal to
0.04 W m
, is in agreement with that of the CMIP6 ozone. No trend appears in the ozone ERF over the historical period although the evolution of the total column ozone is correctly simulated.
Deep-learning-based quality filtering of mechanically exfoliated 2D crystals
Authors: Saito Yu , Shin Kento , Terayama Kei , Desai Shaan , Onga Masaru , Nakagawa Yuji , Itahashi Yuki M. , Iwasa Yoshihiro , Yamada Makoto , Tsuda Koji
Published: December 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) crystals are attracting growing interest in various research fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, pharmacy, and biology owing to their low dimensionality and dramatic change of properties compared to the bulk counter parts. Among the various techniques used to manufacture 2D crystals, mechanical exfoliation has been essential to practical applications and fundamental research. However, mechanically exfoliated crystals on substrates contain relatively thick flakes that must be found and removed manually, limiting high-throughput manufacturing of atomic 2D crystals and van der Waals heterostructures. Here, we present a deep-learning-based method to segment and identify the thickness of atomic layer flakes from optical microscopy images. Through carefully designing a neural network based on U-Net, we found that our neural network based on U-net trained only with the data based on realistically small number of images successfully distinguish monolayer and bilayer MoS2 and graphene with a success rate of 70–80%, which is a practical value in the first screening process for choosing monolayer and bilayer flakes of all flakes on substrates without human eye. The remarkable results highlight the possibility that a large fraction of manual laboratory work can be replaced by AI-based systems, boosting productivity.
Febrile illness and bicytopenia within hours after tick-borne encephalitis booster vaccination
Authors: Bühler Tim , Boos Noemi , Leuppi-Taegtmeyer Anne B. , Berger Christoph T.
Published: December 2019

We report the case of a 20-year-old male complaining of sudden-onset, severe headaches, fever, chills, and generalized arthralgia. He had no symptoms of a respiratory tract infection. Blood examination revealed severe leukopenia and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. Onset of symptoms was rapid, intense, and occurred only a few hours after routine tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccine. The question of a relationship between booster vaccine administration and the febrile illness with bicytopenia was raised. A broad range of diagnostics excluded infections and other causes for bicytopenia. Symptoms resolved within a few days, and blood counts normalized within two weeks. Due to the close temporal relationship, a transient benign bicytopenia and febrile illness as a systemic reaction to TBE vaccination was assumed. Review of the literature and adverse event reporting systems suggest that this is a very rare reaction.
Aerated Cement Slurry and Controlling Fungal Growth of Low-Cost Biomass-Based Insulation Materials
Authors: Almalkawi Areej T. , Soroushian Parviz
Published: December 2019

Wood chips or particles as well as shredded straw offer desired thermal insulation qualities. When exposed to a humid environment, however, fungal growth on wood and straw is an important consideration. An experimental investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple treatment in mitigating fungal growth on wood- and straw-based insulation. This treatment involved blending of wood chips or particles, or shredded straw with an aerated slurry which offers the potential to mitigate fungal growth on biomass by a combination of physical and chemical effects without imposing a weight penalty. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of this treatment in controlling fungal growth on wood and straw subjected to different moisture conditions.
Differences in facial expressions during positive anticipation and frustration in dogs awaiting a reward
Authors: Bremhorst Annika , Sutter Nicole A. , Würbel Hanno , Mills Daniel S. , Riemer Stefanie
Published: December 2019

Facial expressions are considered sensitive indicators of emotional states in humans and many animals. Identifying facial indicators of emotion is a major challenge and little systematic research has been done in non-primate species. In dogs, such research is important not only to address fundamental and applied scientific questions but also for practical reasons, since many problem behaviours are assumed to have an emotional basis, e.g. aggression based on frustration. Frustration responses can occur in superficially similar contexts as the emotional state of positive anticipation. For instance, the anticipated delivery of a food reward may induce the state of positive anticipation, but over time, if the food is not delivered, this will be replaced by frustration. We examined dogs’ facial expressions in contexts presumed to induce both positive anticipation and frustration, respectively, within a single controlled experimental setting. Using DogFACS, an anatomically-based method for coding facial expressions of dogs, we found that the “Ears adductor” action was more common in the positive condition and “Blink”, “Lips part”, “Jaw drop”, “Nose lick”, and “Ears flattener” were more common in the negative condition. This study demonstrates how differences in facial expression in emotionally ambiguous contexts may be used to help infer emotional states of different valence.
Determining the Hierarchical Architecture of the Human Brain Using Subject-Level Clustering of Functional Networks
Authors: Akiki Teddy J. , Abdallah Chadi G.
Published: December 2019

Optimal integration and segregation of neuronal connections are necessary for efficient large-scale network communication between distributed cortical regions while allowing for modular specialization. This dynamic in the cortex is enabled at the network mesoscale by the organization of nodes into communities. Previous in vivo efforts to map the mesoscale architecture in humans had several limitations. Here we characterize a consensus multiscale community organization of the functional cortical network. We derive this consensus from the clustering of subject-level networks. We applied this analysis to magnetic resonance imaging data from 1003 healthy individuals part of the Human Connectome Project. The hierarchical atlas and code will be made publicly available for future investigators.
A new tool to determine the cellular metabolic landscape: nanotechnology to the study of Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors: Vannocci Tommaso , Dinarelli Simone , Girasole Marco , Pastore Annalisa , Longo Giovanni
Published: December 2019

Understanding the cell response to oxidative stress in disease is an important but difficult task. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a nanomotion sensor to study the cellular metabolic landscape. This nanosensor permits the non-invasive real-time detection at the single-cell level and offers high sensitivity and time resolution. We optimised the technique to study the effects of frataxin overexpression in a cellular model of Friedreich’s ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease caused by partial silencing of the FXN gene. Previous studies had demonstrated that FXN overexpression are as toxic as silencing, thus indicating the importance of a tight regulation of the frataxin levels. We probed the effects of frataxin overexpression in the presence of oxidative stress insults and measured the metabolic response by the nanosensor. We show that the nanosensor provides new detailed information on the metabolic state of the cell as a function of time, that agrees with and complements data obtained by more traditional techniques. We propose that the nanosensor can be used in the future as a new and powerful tool to study directly how drugs modulate the effects of oxidative stress on Friedreich’s ataxia patients and, more in general, on other neurodegenerative processes.
Antigen-binding affinity and thermostability of chimeric mouse-chicken IgY and mouse-human IgG antibodies with identical variable domains
Authors: Choi Juho , Kim Minjae , Lee Joungmin , Seo Youngsil , Ham Yeonkyoung , Lee Jihyun , Lee Jeonghyun , Kim Jin-Kyoo , Kwon Myung-Hee
Published: December 2019

Constant (C)-region switching of heavy (H) and/or light (L) chains in antibodies (Abs) can affect their affinity and specificity, as demonstrated using mouse, human, and chimeric mouse-human (MH) Abs. However, the consequences of C-region switching between evolutionarily distinct mammalian and avian Abs remain unknown. To explore C-region switching in mouse-chicken (MC) Abs, we investigated antigen-binding parameters and thermal stability of chimeric MC-6C407 and MC-3D8 IgY Abs compared with parental mouse IgGs and chimeric MH Abs (MH-6C407 IgG and MH-3D8 IgG) bearing identical corresponding variable (V) regions. The two MC-IgYs exhibited differences in antigen-binding parameters and thermal stability from their parental mouse Abs. However, changes were similar to or less than those between chimeric MH Abs and their parental mouse Abs. The results demonstrate that mammalian and avian Abs share compatible V-C region interfaces, which may be conducive for the design and utilization of mammalian-avian chimeric Abs.
Predictors of neovascular activity during neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatment based on optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Bae Kunho , Kim Hyo Jung , Shin Yong Kyun , Kang Se Woong
Published: December 2019

The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies has remarkably improved the functional outcomes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. However, there are guidelines on how to start treatment, the guidelines for discontinuing treatment are not yet clear. In this respect, the treat-extend-stop (TES) protocol have showed us the possibility of discontinuing treatment. In this study, we tried to investigate optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarkers related to recurrence of neovascular activity in eyes with nAMD undergoing treatment using TES protocol. A total of 134 eyes with nAMD were divided into two groups (stop, non-stop) depending on whether they met criteria for stopping anti-VEGF treatment. Quantitative and qualitative OCTA parameters including the morphologic pattern of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were compared between groups. Of these, 44 eyes (32.8%) were in the stop group and 90 eyes (67.2%) were in the non-stop group. In multivariate regression analysis, closed-circuit pattern of CNV and the presence of peripheral loop were associated with the non-stop group (all p < 0.001). Our results imply that the morphologic appearance of CNV on OCTA after anti-VEGF treatment may be a useful biomarker to predict weaning from treatment.
An epistasis between dopaminergic and oxytocinergic systems confers risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in a traumatized Chinese cohort
Authors: Zhang Kunlin , Li Gen , Wang Li , Cao Chengqi , Fang Ruojiao , Luo Shu , Liu Ping , Zhang Xiang yang
Published: December 2019

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric syndrome that occurs after trauma exposure. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and oxytocin have been reported to be involved in neuropathology of PTSD. Previous studies indicated that the dopamine–oxytocin interaction may contribute to behavioral disorders. Thus, exploring the epistasis (gene–gene interaction) between oxytocinergic and dopaminergic systems might be useful to reveal the genetic basis of PTSD. In this study, we analyzed two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2268498 for oxytocinergic gene OXTR and rs1801028 for dopaminergic gene DRD2 based on putative oxytocin receptor–dopamine receptor D2 (OTR–DR2) heterocomplex in a Chinese cohort exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (156 PTSD cases and 978 controls). Statistical analyses did not find any single variant or gene–environment interaction (SNP × earthquake-related trauma exposure) associated with provisional PTSD diagnosis or symptoms. An OXTR–DRD2 interaction (rs2268498 × rs1801028) was identified to confer risk of provisional PTSD diagnosis (OR = 9.18, 95% CI = 3.07–27.46 and P = 7.37e-05) and further subset analysis indicated that rs2268498 genotypes controlled the association directions of rs1801028 and rs1801028 genotypes also controlled the association directions of rs2268498. Rs2268498 × rs1801028 is also associated with PTSD symptoms (P = 0.043). Our study uncovered a genetic and putative function-based contribution of dopaminergic–oxytocinergic system interaction to PTSD.
Aluminum complexes with new non-symmetric ferrocenyl amidine ligands and their application in CO2transformation into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Rios Yepes Yersica , Martínez Javier , Rangel Sánchez Hiram , Quintero Celso , Ortega-Alfaro M. Carmen , López-Cortés José G. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Antiñolo Antonio , Ramos Alberto , Rojas René S.
Published: December 2019

A set of alkyl aluminum complexes supported by non-symmetric ferrocenyl amidine ligands were used as catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide using Bu4NI as a co-catalyst.
Eight biomarkers on a novel strip for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Li , Zhang Yuanchang , Su Enben , Liu Yuan , Deng Yan , Jin Lian , Chen Zhu , Li Song , Zhao Yongxiang , He Nongyue
Published: December 2019

Accurate detection of markers in human serum is important in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Rapid assessment of nanomaterial homogeneity reveals crosswise structural gradients in zinc-oxide nanowire arrays
Authors: Erfan Mazen , Gnambodoe-Capochichi Léonce Martine , Marty Frédéric , Sabry Yasser M. , Bourouina Tarik , Leprince-Wang Yamin
Published: December 2019

A fast optical assessment of the non-homogeneities in nanowire characteristics is introduced to facilitate the scaling-up of nanomaterial growth over large surface areas.
A glutathione-depleting chemodynamic therapy agent with photothermal and photoacoustic properties for tumor theranostics
Authors: Liu Feng , Lin Lin , Sheng Shu , Xu Caina , Wang Yanbing , Zhang Ying , Wang Dianwei , Wu Jiayan , Li Yanhui , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi
Published: December 2019

A glutathione-depleting multifunctional chemodynamic therapy agent for tumor theranostics.
Tunable benzothiadiazole-based donor–acceptor materials for two-photon excited fluorescence
Authors: Paisley Nathan R. , Tonge Christopher M. , Mayder Don M. , Thompson Kyle A. , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: December 2019

Spectrally tunable, two-photon active benzothiadiazole-based fluorescent materials are realized by a simple synthetic strategy. Deep red emission from two-photon absorption, and incorporation into water-soluble polymer dots are achieved.
Urease covalently immobilized on cotton-derived nanocellulose-dialdehyde for urea detection and urea-based multicomponent synthesis of tetrahydro-pyrazolopyridines in water
Authors: Tamaddon Fatemeh , Arab Davood
Published: December 2019

The urease Schiff-base covalently bonded to the designed high-content nanocellulosedialdehyde (HANCD) prepared from cotton-derived nanocellulose (NC)viatandem acid-hydrolysis and periodate-oxidation reactions was termed HANCD@urease.
Effects of surfactant adsorption on the formation of compound droplets in microfluidic devices
Authors: Liu Meifang , Zheng Yueqing , Liu Yiyang , Zhang Zhanwen , Wang Yuguang , Chen Qiang , Li Jing , Li Jie , Huang Yawen , Yin Qiang
Published: December 2019

Profile of neck width versus the relative time during the formation process of W1/O droplets.
Degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A by a ferrate(vi)–ozone combination process: advantages, optimization, and mechanistic analysis
Authors: Han Qi , Dong Wenyi , Wang Hongjie , Ma Hang , Gu Yurong , Tian Yu
Published: December 2019

This study systematically investigated the ferrate(vi)–ozone combination process for TBBPA degradation.
A first-principles study of strain tuned optical properties in monolayer tellurium
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Guo Yanrong , Shen Hong , Chen Yu-Yo , Zhang Rongjun , Zheng Yuxiang , Chen Liangyao , Wang Songyou , Jia Yu , Chen Hong-Yi , Su Wan-Sheng
Published: December 2019

We have theoretically investigated the tunable optical properties of monolayer tellurium under biaxial strain and materials with better performance can be obtained with the application of strain.
Theoretical investigation on the promotion of second harmonic generation from chalcopyrite family AIGaS2to AIIGa2S4
Authors: Yalikun Alimujiang , Lee Ming-Hsien , Mamat Mamatrishat
Published: December 2019

Enhancement of SHG response from AIGaS2(normal) chalcopyrite compounds to AIIGa2S4defect chalcopyrite compounds.
Asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of 3-(acyloxy)acryloyl oxazolidinones: optically active synthesis of a high-affinity ligand for potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Grillo Alessandro , Kovela Satish , Brindisi Margherita
Published: December 2019

Asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of chiral 3-(acyloxy)acryloyl oxazolidinones and synthesis of hexahydro-4H-3,5-methanofuro[2,3-b]pyranol are described.
Chemistry critical friendships: investigating chemistry-specific discourse within a domain-general discussion of best practices for inquiry assessments
Authors: Schafer Adam G. L. , Yezierski Ellen J.
Published: December 2019

High school chemistry teachers struggle to use assessment results to inform instruction. In the absence of expert assistance, teachers often look to their peers for guidance and support; however, little is known about the assessment beliefs and practices of high school chemistry teachers or the discourse mechanisms used as teachers support one another. Presented in this paper are the results from analyzing a discussion between five high school chemistry teachers as they generated a set of best practices for inquiry assessments. To analyze the discussion, a novel representation called a discourse map was generated to align the analyses conducted on chemistry teacher discourse as they temporally occurred. Results show the utility of the discourse map for evidencing critical friendship and assessment practices evoked by the teachers during the discussion of best practices. Implications for the structural considerations of materials and chemistry teacher professional development are presented as well as potential future investigations of teacher discourse regarding the use of data to inform instruction.
Vanadium-containing electro and photocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction: a review
Authors: Gonçalves Josué M. , Ireno da Silva Matheus , Angnes Lucio , Araki Koiti
Published: December 2019

This review summarizes the recent progress in vanadium-containing catalysts, including the synthesis strategies and performance in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic oxygen evolution.
Rational design of Cu–Co thiospinel ternary sheet arrays for highly efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Zang Nan , Wu Zexing , Wang Jie , Jin Wei
Published: December 2019

CuCo2S4 ternary sheet arrays are successfully synthesized on the micro-fibre of carbon felt, which exhibits excellent OER, HER and overall water splitting performance benefiting from the unique structure.
Fabrication of a water-soluble near-infrared fluorescent probe for selective detection and imaging of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in biological systems
Authors: Guo Xiumei , Mu Shuai , Li Jian , Zhang Yintang , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Haixia , Gao Hong
Published: December 2019

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a transmembrane glycoprotein known to regulate T cell activation, which is related to various pathological processes and has become a potential target to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
VSe2 nanosheets for ultrafast fiber lasers
Authors: Li Lu , Pang Lihui , Zhao Qiyi , Liu Wenjun , Su Yulong
Published: December 2019

In this work, we investigate VSe2 for generating femtosecond and large energy mode-locked laser pulses for the first time.
Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing: A Treatment Strategy for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Strand Edythe A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to describe a treatment approach, Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC), and to provide clinicians and clinical researchers a clear understanding of the theory and principles that contributed to the design of the treatment as well as the clinical decisions that must be made when implementing it. While brief descriptions of DTTC have been provided in textbooks, a complete summary of the rationale, essential elements, method, and procedures has not yet been published. Such a summary is important so that clinicians can gain a better understanding of and more confidence in using the method for appropriate children. Furthermore, this article provides clinicians and clinical researchers essential information for measurement of fidelity.

Method

The important elements of the DTTC method with rationale for their inclusion are described. The temporal hierarchy of DTTC is depicted, and the dynamic procedure is described in detail, with suggestions for fidelity measurement. Finally, a discussion of important decisions clinicians must make when implementing DTTC is presented.

Conclusions

The goal of DTTC is to improve the efficiency of neural processing for the development and refinement of sensorimotor planning and programming. The rationale for DTTC in general, as well as the key elements important to its administration, are supported by models of speech production and theories of motor learning. Important clinical decisions regarding stimuli, organization of practice, and feedback are based on principles of motor learning in order to facilitate acquisition, retention, and continued improvement of motor speech skills.
Dimensionally stable laminates under thermal loading and their applications
Authors: Symonov Volodymyr
Published: December 2019

There exist many types of structures, which are required to have stable dimensions within a wide range of temperatures. The specific nature of composites allows finding special conditions when a laminate stacking sequence can provide zero thermal expansion coefficients in one or more directions. This allows the structure being designed to have the same dimensions in a wide range of temperatures. This work is aimed to find mathematical conditions, which guarantee in-plane zero CTE at least in one direction. As an application of thermally stable laminates a rotating disk is chosen. The mathematical model for such a disk is presented. Among investigated materials there was not found any of them, which can be used to layup a laminate with zero CTEs in two directions. However, all investigated materials can be used to layup many laminates with zero CTE in one or another direction. Moreover, it was discovered a laminate might have a zero CTE, if the lamina has zero or negative CTE at least in one direction. It was found the stresses, which appear in a laminated disk caused by centripetal forces, are insignificantly low in comparison to the thermal ones within the investigated ranges of angular velocity and temperature.
Numerical evaluation of crack stopping mechanisms in composite bonded joints due to corrugation and bolts
Authors: Tserpes Konstantinos
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the crack stopping mechanisms in corrugated composite bonded joints and hybrid bonded/bolted joints were evaluated numerically using the cohesive zone modeling approach. For the study, the DCB (double-cantilever beam) and the CLS (crack-lap shear) specimens were modelled. The first two specimens were subjected to static loads and the latter both to static and fatigue loads. The analysis was performed using the LS-DYNA explicit FE code. Fatigue crack growth simulation was performed using an in-house developed user-defined subroutine (UMAT). The numerical results reveal a crack stopping in the corrugated DCB, no crack stopping in the corrugated CLS and a reduction of crack growth rate in the bonded/bolted CLS for both static and fatigue loads. The methods and the findings of the present study can be used for the design of crack stopping features in adhesively bonded primary composite aircraft structures.
Challenges and opportunities on nano-enabled multifunctional composites for aerostructures
Authors: Araujo Andreia , Vale Diogo , Pappas Panagiotis-Nektarios , Koutroumanis Nikos , Santos Raquel M.
Published: December 2019

The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials in the polymeric matrix of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites has recently received worldwide attention, aiming to enhance their performance and multifunctionality. In this work, different loadings of nanoparticles from the graphene family, including reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), were produced from graphite exfoliation. The mixing conditions for the production of epoxy-based suspensions were optimized using a three-roll mill, by changing the residence time and hydrodynamic shear stresses. The rheological behaviour, electrical conductivity and optical assessment were performed to study the influence of these nanoreinforcements on the resin properties. Afterwards, pristine and modified suspensions containing 0.089 wt. % of rGO or 2.14 wt. % of GNPs were used for manufacturing pre-impregnated materials with carbon fibre volume fractions of approximately 59 %. The nano-enabled CFRPs presented improved transverse electrical conductivity between 48 and 64 % when compared to the reference material. Significant enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness (98.4 %) was found with GNPs.
Multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with weft-knitted carbon fibrous fillers
Authors: Bezsmertna Viktoriia , Mazna Oleksandra , Kohanyiy Valerii , Vasilenkov Yurii , Bilan Iryna , Shevtsova Maryna , Stavychenko Vadym
Published: December 2019

The production technology of reinforcement filler for new multifunctional polymer based composites with weft-knitted structure had been proposed. In such reinforcement filler high-strength carbon fibers (CFs) from PAN precursors (wefts) were laid in a knitted fabric as straight continuous yarns, so in such case these CFs were not twisted by knitting machine to form the loops. Various kinds of chemical and inorganic fibers can be used as base yarn in this case, in particular glass, aramid, carbon fibers from hydrate cellulose and etc.

Properties of multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with weft-knitted fillers depend upon fiber composition, relative content of weft and base yarns, scheme filler stacking (1D, 2D and 3D composites).

The electrical conductivity of weft-knitted fabrics shows the strong anisotropy along high-strength fibers in comparison with looped rows, depending on the direction of high-strength CFs (weft). Investigation of shielding properties of polymer based composites reinforced by carbon weft-knitted fabrics showed the possibility of using them as shielding materials with the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation.
Hybrid structural layout of wing box for small aeroplane
Authors: Zudova Lada , Fomin Victor , Fomin Danil , Zudov Konstantin
Published: December 2019

The algorithm of optimization of the hybrid structural layout for the wing box has been developed. The wing box consisted of two parts; one of them (heavily loaded) had hybrid (lattice-truss) layouts, the other had conventional (black metal) layout. These parts was connected by use of interface structure. The basic objectives were sizing of load-bearing elements for each of the layouts, and to search for the interface position, providing minimum weight of the wing box structure. These tasks were solved with use of genetic algorithm. At searching for the interface optimal position the results of parametric FEM calculations were additionally used. A rational variant (65-73%) of the relative length of the wing box zone with lattice-truss structural layout has been obtained for the aircraft of regional airlines. This variant meets the constraints, and has the weight benefit (13-17%) compared with conventional structural layout.
Advanced signal processing tools for helicopters’ future Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS)
Authors: Mauricio Alexandre , Zhou Linghao , Greaves Mathew , Wang Wenyi , Mba David , Gryllias Konstantinos
Published: December 2019

Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) have been developed in order to monitor the health condition of helicopter drivetrains, focusing towards early, accurate and on time fault detection with limited false alarms and missed detections. Among other systems, the Main GearBox (MGB) is the heart of the drivetrain, reducing the high input speed generated by the engines, in order to provide the appropriate torque to the main rotors and to other auxiliary systems. HUMS are mounted on helicopters aiming to enhance the operational reliability and to support maintenance decision making, in order to increase the flight safety keeping in the meanwhile the overall maintenance cost low. Currently used HUMS seems to have reached their limits and the need for improvement has been recently highlighted by the post-accident analysis of the helicopter LN-OJF, which crashed in Norway in 2016. The aim of this paper is the application and further extension of recently proposed advanced cyclostationary based signal processing tools for the accurate detection of faults in helicopter gearboxes. The methodologies are tested, evaluated and compared with state of the art methods on datasets captured during experimental tests under various operating conditions on helicopter gearboxes, including a Category A Super Puma SA330 main planetary gearbox.
An inverse method for design and characterisation of acoustic materials
Authors: Mao Huina , Rumpler Romain , Göransson Peter
Published: December 2019

This paper presents applications of an inverse method for the design and characterisation of anisotropic elastic material properties of acoustic porous materials. Full field 3D displacements under static surface loads are used as targets in the inverse estimation to fit a material model of an equivalent solid to the measurement data. Test cases of artificial open-cell foams are used, and the accuracy of the results are verified. The method is shown to be able to successfully characterise both isotropic and anisotropic elastic material properties. The paper demonstrates a way to reduce costs by characterising material properties based on the design model without a need for manufacturing and additional experimental tests.
Wing-Propeller Interaction
Authors: Zizkovsky Nikola , Klesa Jan
Published: December 2019

Paper describes the effect of the distributed electric propulsion system (DEP) on the aerodynamic characteristics of the airplane wing. Using CFD simulation is described the influence of the wake of the propeller on the wing for various ratios of the propeller diameter to the wing chord. Unlike the normal case of wing-propeller interaction, periodic boundary conditions are used, i.e. a rectangular wing with infinite span with propellers installed periodically its span is considered. A wind tunnel experiment will be used to verify the calculations. Propeller thrust is set to compensate for airplane drag in horizontal flight, i.e. equal to the wing segment drag, which is increased by the corresponding part of the expected drag of other parts of the airplane. The increase of the drag was determined by the aerodynamic design of a generic airplane with DEP. The benefit of the work are the input data usable for the conceptual design of the airplane wing with DEP.
Parallel hybrid electric propulsion architecture for single aisle aircraft - powertrain investigation
Authors: Vankan Jos , Lammen Wim
Published: December 2019

This paper presents an investigation of the fuel- and energy-saving potential through the introduction of several hybrid electric propulsion (HEP) and more electric aircraft (MEA) systems on single aisle aircraft. More specifically, for an A320NEO the following main electric systems are considered: electric motors, batteries and power electronics for parallel HEP, electric components for replacement of the main pneumatic and hydraulic non-propulsive systems like environmental control system and actuators, and electric power transport and supply. The power sizing of the electric components, as well as their mass effects on overall aircraft mission performance are evaluated by system modelling of the aircraft, turbofan and the considered electric components. It is found for the considered aircraft and missions that the fuel saving potential of parallel HEP systems alone is very limited or absent. Typically the combination of HEP and MEA technologies shows potential for improved energy efficiency due to synergies of the involved systems and their operation.
An IIoT-based architecture for decision support in the aeronautic industry
Authors: Vita Roberto , Caldas Narciso , Basto João , Alcalá Symone , Diniz Flavio
Published: December 2019

The Industry 4.0 movement is driving innovation in manufacturing through the application of digital technologies, leading to solid performance improvements. In this context, this paper introduces a real-time analytical framework based on predictive, simulation and optimization technologies applied to decision support in manufacturing systems, enabled by an underlying reference implementation of an open Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform. This architecture integrates critical equipment, manufacturing and corporate systems through a Unified IIoT Cloud Platform. A real case study on the aeronautic industry demonstrates the proposal feasibility of this architecture to enhance productivity, predict equipment failures and bring agility to react to unexpected events. In this case study, the monitoring tool displays the current status of the critical resources and the predictive tool calculates a probability of failure. When this probability reaches a certain threshold, the simulation tool is triggered to evaluate the impact of the disruption in the system’s productivity. Results from the tools are displayed online through an alert system so that each stakeholder is informed timely and in a contextualized way.
A multi-disciplinary design optimization of the passenger supply channel in the aircraft cabin
Authors: Fuchs Mara , Hesse Christian , Biedermann Jörn , Fuchte Jörg
Published: December 2019

This paper shows the first results of a multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) of the passenger service functions in the cabin. Therefore, both the placement of the components and the dimensions of the passenger supply channel (PSC) are varied. In order to modify the parameters, the individual components of the PSC are generated as objects using model based systems engineering. As a result, the information is stored in each object and can be used for the evaluation. In particular, the focus will be on passenger comfort and safety regulations. Collectively, this paper shows some possible variations for the arrangement of the PSC elements and discusses and compares the results obtained as well as possible future developments of this work.
Experimental comparison of Fiber Bragg Grating installation techniques for aerospace systems
Authors: Berri Pier Carlo , Dalla Vedova Matteo D.L. , Maggiore Paolo
Published: December 2019

Aircraft systems are becoming more and more complex, as they are required to perform multiple functions. For example, smart systems need to be able to self-monitor their working parameters, in order to infer their health status. All these additional functions require the system to acquire a multitude of measurements; albeit sometimes it is possible to implement virtual sensor techniques, dedicate sensing hardware is usually needed. As a main drawback, the installation of the needed sensors adds up to the total complexity, weight, cost and failure rate of the system. In this context, minimally invasive sensors can be used to measure the system parameters with high spatial resolution and minimal added complexity. One key technology in this field is the Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) optical sensors, used to perform strain and temperature measurements. This work describes an experimental campaign intended to assess and validate several installation techniques for FBGs as strain sensors. Two test benches were developed for different measurement setups. One is intended for creep and repeatability tests of a FBG sensor glued at both ends; the other was used to compare point gluing and continuous gluing techniques on an aluminium beam subject to a bending load. Results are compared with numerical simulations of the structure and measurements performed with traditional strain gages.