bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing climate risks with fast and complete energy transitions: applying the precautionary principle to the Paris agreement
Authors: Desing Harald , Widmer Rolf
Published: March 2021

Averting the climate catastrophe requires the transformation of the energy system. A wide range of energy transition pathways are being explored in literature, which limit peak heating during this century as likely as not to 2°C or 1.5°C. Growing understanding of the Earth system suggests that peak heating beyond 1.5°C may be an existential threat to the biosphere and therefore also humanity. Transitions that exceed this vital threshold with a high probability expose future generations to substantial risks without their prior consent. Here we advocate the precautionary principle and explore with a minimal energy transition model the energy requirements to minimize climate risks. Fast and complete transitions are energetically possible when temporarily increasing fossil emissions above current levels for the sole purpose of accelerating the growth of renewable energy capacity. This reduces the probability to exceed 1.5°C peak heating at best to 20%, highlighting the urgency for climate action.
Entanglement vacuum and casual problem
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: March 2021

Entanglement vacuum and casual problem
The mathematical nature of the universe, consciousness, causality, space, time, matter and elementary particle: the universe is a self-driven parallel computing automaton; consciousness is a Turing machine’s subjective mathematical model of the objective universe
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: March 2021

Background/introduction This study is to discover the nature of the universe, consciousness and causality. Methods Comparing the universe to a Game of Life system. Results Found that the universe and a Game of Life system have the similar mathematical nature. Conclusions Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. A reality is a situation model. The universe is a self-driven objective parallel computing automaton which evolves by itself automatically – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this situation model. If we are happy to accept randomness, it’s obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation don’t exist objectively. Consciousness is actually the use of a mathematical model by a Turing machine (TM). A TM’s consciousness or deliberate decisions/choices shouldn’t be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the fated world line of any elementary particle within this world. Except Schrodinger equation (or its counterpart) which is the only actual causality of the objective-reality, any other causality is only a (subjective) Granger causality.
Jual Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung ( 082297621770 ) Agen Penggugur kandungan Bandung
Authors: luckas
Published: March 2021

Jual Obat Aborsi Bandung, Wa 082297621770, Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung, Penjual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Bandung, Klinik Aborsi Di Bandung, Pusat Obat Penggugur Kehamilan Bandung, Toko Obat Telat Datang Bulan Bandung, Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Bandung, Agen Obat Penggugur Kandungan Di Bandung, Tempat Obat Telat Haid Di Bandung, Alamat Jual Cytotec Di Bandung, Apotik Penjual Obat Cytotec Cod Bandung.Obat Aborsi Cytotec Bandung | Jual Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung | Obat Cytotec Di Bandung | Obat Penggugur Kandungan Bandung | Obat Penggugur Janin Cod Bandung | Obat Peluntur Kehamilan Bandung | Obat Menggugurkan Kandungan Asli | Cara Aborsi Ampuh | Melunturkan Janin Manjur.APOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung WA : 0822-9762-1770 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Menggugurkan Janin Cytotec. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1–6 Bulan.
Chapter 3-The international monetary system
Authors: Tung Dao Duy
Published: March 2021

Lecture notes, quizzes, a summary content of the book International business: The challenges of globalization
EPS8 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8, EPS8, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. EPS8 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of EPS8 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of EPS8 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
A Community-Response Approach to Mental-Health and Substance-Abuse Crises Reduced Crime
Authors: Dee Thomas Sean , Pyne Jaymes
Published: March 2021

Police officers often serve as first responders to mental-health and substance-abuse crises. Concerns over the unintended consequences and high costs associated with this approach have motivated new emergency-response models that augment or completely remove police involvement. However, there is little causal evidence evaluating these programs. This pre-registered study presents quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of an innovative “community response” pilot in Denver that directed targeted emergency calls to health-care responders instead of the police. Tracking reported criminal incidents regardless of who responded or whether they led to formal charges, we find robust evidence that the program reduced targeted, less serious crimes (e.g., trespassing, public disorder, resisting arrest) by 34 percent and had no detectable effect on more serious crimes. We also find that this community-response approach has substantially lower costs relative to engaging such crises through the criminal-justice system.
Fossil Localities of the Baynunah Formation
Authors: Bibi Faysal , Beech Mark , Kraatz Brian , Hill Andrew
Published: March 2021

Fossil localities of the Baynunah Formation are here described, including previously known localities and those discovered by fieldwork since 2002. Site descriptions and coordinates are given, including updated coordinates for previously known localities. Many localities have been damaged or entirely lost to development activities.
Differential Benefits of Prospective Memory Reminders Depending on Cognitive Load
Authors: Peper Philip , Alakbarova Durna , Ball Hunter
Published: March 2021

Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to complete a task at the appropriate moment in the future. Past research has found reminders can improve PM performance in both laboratory and naturalistic settings, but few projects have examined the circumstances when reminders are most beneficial. Three experiments in the present study tested the effect of reminders in an event-based PM task under different cognitive loads. In Experiments 1 (specific targets) and 2 (nonspecific targets), load was manipulated by having participants respond to a single (low load) or multiple (high load) targets. In Experiment 3, the association between pairs was manipulated by presenting strongly associated pairs (low load) or weakly associated pairs (high load). Half of the participants in each experiment received reminders whereby PM target information was placed at the top of the computer screen. Across all three experiments, it was found that the benefit of reminders was greater under high load than low load conditions. Importantly, the improvements in PM from reminders generally occurred without any additional cost to ongoing task performance and without any reduction of retrospective memory for the targets at the end of the experiment. Together these results suggest that reminders can be beneficial for reducing PM failures, particularly under high load, without the potential downside of increased effort expenditure.
Re-examining the latent structure of suicidal thoughts using taxometric analysis: Implications for testing ideation to action theoretical models of suicidal thoughts and behavior
Authors: Siddaway Andy , Holm-Denoma Jill , Witte Tracy K. , Ruscio John
Published: March 2021

A central question in psychological science concerns whether psychological constructs are best conceptualized as dimensional or consist of one or more categories. The present study uses contemporary taxometric procedures to examine the latent structure of suicidal thoughts, with implications for how suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) ought to be conceptualized, assessed, measured, and managed. Three nonredundant taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode) were performed on various sets of indicators, and analyses were replicated across two large samples that included large numbers of individuals reporting current and recent STB. Results provide further evidence that the latent structure of suicidal thoughts is best understood as dimensional. However, inconsistent findings across studies and the relatively small number of taxometric studies conducted to date both suggest that it is premature to draw clear or definitive conclusions about the latent structure of STB being dimensional or categorical based on taxometric evidence. We report a meta-analysis of the current literature which evidences this ambiguity. We provide a detailed, critical discussion of the STB taxometric literature and outline key directions for future taxometric studies in this area, particularly how taxometric analysis relates to testing ‘ideation to action’ theoretical models, which hypothesize that the development of suicidal ideation and the progression from suicide desire to attempting suicide are distinct processes with distinct explanations/mechanisms. It remains entirely possible that qualitatively distinct types of STB (e.g., representing ideation vs. action) or populations have different latent structures indicating different levels of risk.
Reasoning About Sexual Assault: The Role of Consent
Authors: Kaluza Justin , Conry-Murray Clare
Published: March 2021

One hundred and fifty-nine emerging adults (77 men, 82 women) completed an online survey evaluating consent and the acceptability of a sexual act in hypothetical scenarios which varied the response of the protagonist/victim and the length of the relationship. Judgments of the acceptability of sexual acts were strongly associated with judgments of consent. Judgments of consent and the acceptability, responsibility for and deserved-punishment for the sexual act differed depending on the victim responses and relationships lengths. Gender differences were most frequent in the conditions where the victim responded to sexual advances by freezing. Compared to women, men judged the freezing response to be more acceptable, and the perpetrator to be less responsible and less punish-worthy. In addition, men were less likely than women to label responses where the victim froze as rape, though they did indicate they were wrong.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Triggers a Long-term Shift Toward More Positive Appraisals of Emotional Ambiguity
Authors: Harp Nicholas , Freeman Jonathan B. , Neta Maital
Published: March 2021

Reducing negative impacts of stress, for example through mindfulness training, benefits physical and psychological well-being, and is becoming ever more crucial due to large-scale societal uncertainties (e.g., COVID-19). While extensive research has focused on mindfulness-related reductions in self-reported negativity, essentially no research has targeted task-based behavioral outcomes throughout long-term mindfulness trainings. Responses to emotionally ambiguous signals (e.g., surprised expressions), which might be appraised as either positive or negative, provide a nuanced assessment of one’s emotional bias across diverse contexts, offering unique leverage for assessing the effects of mindfulness. Here, we compared the effects of short- and long-term training via Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on ratings of faces with a relatively clear (angry, happy) and ambiguous (surprised) valence. Ratings became more positive for ambiguity from the start (Week 1) to end of training (Week 8; p < .001), but there were no short-term effects (from a single class session). This shift towards positivity continued through an additional eight-week follow-up (Week 16; p < .001). Notably, post-training valence bias (Week 8) was uniquely predicted by the non-reactivity facet of mindfulness (p = .01). Together, mindfulness promotes a relatively long-lasting shift toward positivity bias, which is uniquely supported by reduced emotional reactivity.
Induced Negative Arousal Modulates the Speed of Visual Working Memory Consolidation
Authors: Xie Weizhen , Sing JC Lynne Lu , Martinez-Flores Ana , Zhang Weiwei
Published: March 2021

This study examines how induced negative arousal influences the consolidation of fragile sensory inputs into durable working memory (WM) representations. Participants performed a visual WM change detection task with different amounts of encoding time manipulated by random pattern masks inserted at different levels of memory-and-mask Stimulus-Onset-Asynchrony (SOA). Prior to the WM task, negative or neutral emotion was induced using audio clips from the International Affective Digital Sounds (IADS). Pupillometry was simultaneously recorded to provide an objective measure of induced arousal. Self-report measures of early-life stress (i.e., adverse childhood experiences) and current mood states (i.e., depressed mood and anxious feeling) were also collected as covariates. We find that participants encode more items into WM at a longer memory-and-mask SOA under induced negative arousal, while their performance at a shorter memory-and-mask SOA or no mask conditions is highly comparable between negative and neutral conditions. These findings suggest that induced negative arousal can speed up WM consolidation. Furthermore, this emotional effect on WM consolidation speed is moderated by key affect-related individual differences. Participants who have greater pupil responses to negative IADS sounds or have more early-life stress show faster WM consolidation under induced negative arousal. Collectively, our findings reveal a critical role of phasic adrenergic responses in the rapid consolidation of visual WM content and the potential moderators of this association.
Sequential Collaboration: The Accuracy of Dependent, Incremental Judgments
Authors: Mayer Maren , Heck Daniel W.
Published: March 2021

Online collaborative projects in which users contribute to extensive knowledge bases such as Wikipedia or OpenStreetMap have become increasingly popular while yielding highly accurate information. Collaboration in such projects is organized sequentially with one contributor creating an entry and the following contributors deciding whether to adjust or to maintain the presented information. We refer to this process as sequential collaboration since individual judgments directly depend on the previous judgment. As sequential collaboration has not yet been examined systematically, we investigate whether dependent, sequential judgments become increasingly more accurate. Moreover, we test whether final sequential judgments are more accurate than the unweighted average of independent judgments from equally large groups. We conducted three studies with groups of four to six contributors who either answered general knowledge questions (Experiments 1 and 2) or located cities on maps (Experiment 3). As expected, individual judgments became more accurate across the course of sequential chains and final estimates were similarly accurate as unweighted averaging of independent judgments. These results show that sequential collaboration profits from dependent, incremental judgments, thereby shedding light on the contribution process underlying large-scale online collaborative projects.
Characteristics of Participants and Satisficing Tendency in Online Surveys Using a Sample Provider
Authors: Miura Asako , KOBAYASHI Tetsuro
Published: March 2021

A panel sample provider is a service that acts as an intermediary between a researcher and a survey monitor supplier in a web-based survey, and earns a transaction fee by providing the supplier with information on the survey that the researcher has registered and set up. In this report, we focused on LUCID (https://luc.id/), the world's largest panel sample provider and conducted a simple experimental online survey using LUCID in Japan, the U. S., the U. K., and China and examine participants' tendency to engage in satisficing when they do not pay due attention to the survey and its effect on their tendency to respond to an experimental task of “false consensus effect.” The percentage of satisficers who violated the instructions both times was high for both tasks in JP and CN. The effect sizes of one's own choice for satisficers were relatively smaller (though not absolutely small) than those for compliers and converts. These results show both the possibility that satisficing biases experimental results and the possibility that it can be corrected in a more appropriate direction by alerting.
Apotik Jual Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung ( Wa 082297621770 ) Agen Penggugur Kandungan Bandung
Authors: luckas
Published: March 2021

Jual Obat Aborsi Bandung, Wa 082297621770, Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung, Penjual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Bandung, Klinik Aborsi Di Bandung, Pusat Obat Penggugur Kehamilan Bandung, Toko Obat Telat Datang Bulan Bandung, Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Bandung, Agen Obat Penggugur Kandungan Di Bandung, Tempat Obat Telat Haid Di Bandung, Alamat Jual Cytotec Di Bandung, Apotik Penjual Obat Cytotec Cod Bandung.Obat Aborsi Cytotec Bandung | Jual Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung | Obat Cytotec Di Bandung | Obat Penggugur Kandungan Bandung | Obat Penggugur Janin Cod Bandung | Obat Peluntur Kehamilan Bandung | Obat Menggugurkan Kandungan Asli | Cara Aborsi Ampuh | Melunturkan Janin Manjur.APOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cod Bandung WA : 0822-9762-1770 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Menggugurkan Janin Cytotec. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1–6 Bulan.
बौद्घ पर्व ‘पञ्चदान’
Authors: Shrestha Nhuchhe Narayan
Published: March 2021

शाक्यमुनि बुद्घले वोधिज्ञान प्राप्ति गरेपछि विकसित भएका विभिन्न मार्गको रूपमा श्रावकयान, महायान रवज्रयानमध्ये काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका नेवारहरूमा वज्रयान बुद्ध धर्मको प्रभाव परेको छ । उनीहरूले वज्रयानीपरम्पराअनुसार विभिन्न संस्कृतिहरू विकसित गरेका छन् । वज्रयानी परम्पराअनुसार विभिन्न चर्याहरू गरेर यहीजन्ममै बुद्ध हुन सक्छ भन्ने सिद्धान्तलाई अपनाउँदै आएका छन् । ती विभिन्न चर्याहरूमध्ये काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाकानेवार बौद्धहरूले दानको अभ्यासलाई प्राचीनकालदेखि नै महŒवपूर्ण स्थान दिंदै आएका छन् । विभिन्न तरिकाबाटदानको अभ्यास गर्दै आएका छन् । दानको अभ्यासलाई विशेष दिन पारेर पर्वको रूपमा विकसित गरेको पञ्चदानपर्व हो । श्रावणशुक्लअष्टमीको दिन पाटनमा र दोस्रोपटक भाद्रकृष्णत्रयोदशीका दिन काठमाडौँं, भक्तपुर, साँखु,थिमी, पनौती र कीर्तिपुर लगायतका स्थानहरूमा स्थानीय बौद्धहरूले हर्षोल्लासका साथ यो पर्व मनाउँदै आएकाछन् । यस दिनमा दीपंकर बुद्धका प्रतिमाहरूभित्र मान्छे भित्र बसेर नगर परिक्रमा गरेर मनाइन्छ । साथै वज्राचार्यर शाक्यहरूलाई नगद, अन्न, गेडागुडी, फलपूmल आदि दान दान गर्दछन् । वज्राचार्य र शाक्यले पञ्चदानबाटप्राप्त दान सामग्री विभिन्न धार्मिक संघसंस्थालाई पनि हस्तान्तरण गर्दै आएका छन् ।
Growth Performances and Growing Stock of Rattan in the Community Managed Forests of Nepal
Authors: Chowdhary Chhote Lal , Dutta I.C.
Published: March 2021

Calamus tenuis Roxb, the economically potential rattan species, has been increasing in the community managed forests. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected in 2016 and 2017.  The research was carried out in 20 Community Forest User Groups of Kailali and Bardiya district. Growing stock was measured using stratified random sampling in the community forests, followed by socio-economic information through semi-structured questionnaire to 526 respondentsincluding focus group discussions with executive member of community forest user groups. The study found that average growth of Calamus tenuis in the community forests was 0.85 cms per year, the maximum growth attained up to 2.5 meter per year if they get associated trees to climb on. It’ is a clumpy palm, producing 3-7 rhizomes in one year and reaches up to 25 rhizomes in 3-4 years period. There are 15 to 25percent immature culms in a clump with estimate the number of clumps per hectare in managed rattan forest are 200 to 500.  Growing stock is estimated from 38,860 to 39,560 per hectare in the community forest comprising about 57 percent large size, 19 percent medium size and 24percent regeneration. The mean length was measured 5.80 meter and mean diameter 9.29 mm. Weight difference of rattan with and without leaf sheath is 25 percent, reduction in oven dry weight is 75.9 percent, and air dry weight is 32 percent. More than 20 CFUGs have produced natural rattan in the community forests of Kailali and Bardiya districts. By the number of CFUGs, Bardiya district has more than 19 CFUGs and Kailali district has one CFUG managing natural rattan.  Total estimated production of rattan in both districts is over 250 metric ton. Harvesting is restricted due to limitation of provision of Initial Environment Examination (IEE). According to these conditions, CFUGs should have get approval the detail IEE. None of the CFUGS have prepared the IEE. In such a condition, CFUGs can only harvest less than five quintal (5000 kg) rattan as per approved FOP. The study concludes that despite site quality remains constant, the associated tree species to climb them are encouraging factor. Detail growing stock needs to be incorporated in the rattan management plan / forest operational plan to mainstream in the process.
Analisis Biaya Modal Terhadap Tingkat Pengembalian Investasi Pada PT. Mitra Adiprakasa, Tbk.
Authors: Fitriyani Intan , Munandar Aris
Published: March 2021

Biaya modal merupakan faktor utama dalam kegiatan operasional perusahaan, termasuk kegiatan investasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh biaya modal terhadap tingkat pengembalian investasi pada PT. Mitra Adiprakasa, Tbk. Metode yang digunakan adalah berupa data kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu mulai dari tahun 2004 sejak listing di (BEI) sampai tahun 2018, dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 5 tahun. Sample diambil secara purposive sampling dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka. Tehnik analisa data adalah regresi linear sederhana dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 20 sebagai alat tabulasi data. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang didapat dari PT. Mitra Adiprakasa, Tbk. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara biaya modal dengan tingkat pengembalian investasinya.
Analisis Manajemen Keamanan Informasi Menggunakan Standard ISO 27001:2005 Pada Staff IT Support Di Instansi XYZ
Authors: Kristanto Titus , Sholik Mohammad , Rahmawati Dewi , Nasrullah Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Information security management is very important to use, especially for educational instutions, because it is able to reduce the risk of threats to the use of information technology for educational organizations. Information security management is indispensable as an effort to minimize the risk of data enhancement and information threats. Implementation of information security management is intended to know technical problems and non technical problems. The research uses the ISO 27001:2005 standard is very flexible depending on the needs of the organization and focus on information security management. The research results using the ISO 27001:2005 standard is able to reduce the risk level and perform some activities that must be improved to improve information security at XYZ institutions.
Rome and the Early Germans: Some Sociolinguistic Observations
Authors: Roe H.
Published: March 2021

It is common knowledge that the Roman Empire declined and fell, and that in Western Europe the pieces were picked up by various Germanic nations, such as the Visigoths, whose kingdom in the south of France lasted from 419 to 507 A.D. and then continued in Spain from 507 to 711. It was of the Arian persuasion until shortly after the conversion to Catholicism of King Reccared in 587. The Vandals under Gaiseric crossed from Spain into Northern Africa in 429 and established a kingdom there which lasted until 534 when they were defeated by an imperial army under the command of Belisarius. The Vandals were apparently converted to Arianism shortly before their departure from Spain and kept to this faith until the end. Around 482 Clovis inherited the Frankish kingdom from his father Childeric. Clovis was converted to Catholicism in 498. He extended the kingdom to include most of Gaul and large parts of Germany. The Ostrogothic kingdom which included all of Italy and parts of the Balkans began in 493 with th killing of Odoacer by Theodoric and lasteduntil 553. It also remained Arian. Finally the Langobardic kingdom, which covered most of Italy, lasted from 568 to 774. g It was Arian in religion until shortly after the conversion of Agilulf in 607. In all of the above cases the Germanic conquerors lost their native languages. In the remaining parts of the Germanic world, that is, to the North and East of France, the Germanic languages were maintained, but the syntax, the conceptual framework underlying the lexicon, and most of the literary forms were thoroughly latinized.
Nominis de Existentia Naturali
Authors: Kelly L.G.
Published: March 2021

Arti grammaticae, secundum normas scientiae speculativae aristotelicas Posterioribus analyticis (71b.10) sanctas, saeculo tertio decimo tria officia concessa sunt: linguae causas et principia quaerere, sermonem qualis sub sensibus cadat ratione deductioneque indagare, linguae universalia invenire. Quarum scientiae proprietatum principem periti medii aevi, similiter ac grammatici hodiemi chomskyani, aestimabant esse ultimarti, quoniam "scientia speculativa est tantum circa universalia, secundum Philosophum" (Kilwardby, 436) . Modistae igitur, quippe cum universalia linguae quarererent, sermonem significativum eo indagaverunt quo proprietates linguis omnibus communes, opes quae "eaedem apud omnes" essent, reperirent. Tales habuerunt esse partes orationis atque accidentia sua, quae e modis significandi, universalibus linguae praecipuis, orta sint. Qui vero modi, una cum modis intelligendi atque modo essendi, theologis ac philosophis tanto fuerunt usui ut eidem apud omnes sensu quodam largiori quoque reputati sint. Non solum eidem fuerunt apud omnes linguas, sed etiam apud omnes scientias. Siquidem scientiis veritas petenda fuerit, aliter esse non poterit. Vix quidem dubium est quin conceptus illi omnibus communes extra grammaticam orti essent (Kelly 1979, 161). Altera vero parte grammaticos, cum rationem constitutivam linguae cognoscere peterent, universalia linguae quae investigationibus scientiarum aliarum profutura essent, exponere oportuit.
Cancer and COVID-19: At Perilous Crossroads
Authors: Sen Rwik , Sen Rwik
Published: March 2021

Cancer has been reported in several COVID-19 patients with varying outcomes. Clinical oncology and COVID-19 treatment are both severely challenged in those patients. Although, cancer was not considered among COVID-19 comorbidities, recent observations bring significant focus to cancer’s role in COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. Although the investigations in this direction are less in number, but the results show extremely interesting insights which can better inform the future diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the pathophysiologies in cancers and COVID-19 in patients. Significant research, therapeutic developments, and treatment procedures need to be invested in this direction. Therefore, some of the current studies exploring this field have been presented in this mini-review.
Impacto de grupos de eventos de aprendizagem no desenvolvimento da competência liderança
Authors: Cavalcante Conceição De Moraes , Hedler Helga Cristina , Macedo Marcelli Ritton , Cajazeira Karolinna De Freitas
Published: March 2021

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre avaliação de grupos de eventos de aprendizagem no desenvolvimento de competência de liderança relativa ao incentivo e pratica da inovação. Dentre os objetivos destaca-se: avaliar a eficácia e impacto desses eventos sobre o desenvolvimento da competência de liderança, assim como da influência das variáveis idade e tempo de serviço sobre a mesma e a validação da escala de Grupo de Eventos de Aprendizagem GEA de Cassimiro (2009). O método utilizado foi quantitativo por meio de levantamento, recorreu-se a aplicação de questionário estruturado, para o qual customizou-se a escala GEA. A aplicação envolveu a participação de 663 gerentes do nível tático de uma instituição financeira nacional pública de grande porte. A escala GEA mostrou-se adequada para avaliar o fator Aprendizagem Experiencial. O Grupo de Eventos de Aprendizagem considerado mais eficaz foi o Experiencial (5,432) e por último o grupo Induzida (3,025) na per-cepção dos gestores.
Desempenho dos candidatos da região Centro-Oeste em redações no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio de 2017
Authors: Biao Dacione Sampaio , Polato Ricardo
Published: March 2021

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio – Enem é uma prova realizada pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas – INEP criada em 1998 para avaliar a qualidade da educação nacional. Atualmente ela é utilizada, principalmente, como acesso ao ensino superior em diversas universidades brasileiras. O presente artigo busca através de técnicas de mineração de dados analisar informações que possam influenciar o desempenho dos participantes no resultado da prova de redação. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia CRISP-DM. Foi criado um modelo de árvore de decisão, com aplicação do algoritmo J48, permitindo a distinção das principais variáveis que impactam o resultado do aluno. Estas informações podem ser utilizadas para a tomada de decisão pelos gestores educacionais na formulação de estratégias relacionadas à educação brasileira.
Sejarah Kebudayaan: Hasil Budaya Material dan Non-Material Akibat Adanya Pengaruh Islam di Nusantara
Authors: Mustawhisin Alfain Nur , Nirmala P Rully Putri , Hartanto Wiwin
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a country with diverse cultures that live side by side in it. There are various factors that influence the diversity of cultures that Indonesia has, one of which is the influence of foreign parties, it has been known that Indonesia was once influenced by Hindu and Buddhist culture in a long period of time and has instilled cultural values ​​in Indonesia, after influence Hindu and Buddhist culture declined, came new cultures and influences brought by Islam. The arrival of Islam in the form of the influence of religion and culture does not necessarily erase the Indonesian original culture or culture resulting from the acculturation of Hinduism and Buddhism and Indonesia. The arrival of Islam that uses peaceful means tends to be more easily accepted by Indonesian people, by means of Islam that comes peacefully and does not impose its influence and culture, then slowly the development of Islam in Indonesia can develop rapidly, and another way that Islam uses is to alienate culture existing ones with teachings that are considered to be in accordance with Islamic law, so that unconsciously people are led to use Islamic methods through existing cultures, which is why later Indonesian cultures will emerge that are influenced by the existence of Islam in Indonesia, both in material and non-material forms.
Inovasi Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Pramayogi Ilham , Nirmala P Rully Putri , Hartanto Wiwin
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujukan untuk menganalisis bentuk inovasi pembelajaran sejarah pada jenjang pendidikan menengah. Hal ini di latar belakangi karena semakin menurunnya minat siswa dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran sejarah. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yaitu jenis studi dokumen sehingga penelitian ini dengan kata lain tidak dilakukan secara langsung, akan tetapi penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencari sumber-sumber yang relevan sesuai dengan penelitian kali ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) kita dapat mengetahui apakah yang sebenarnya menjadi latar belakang para siswa untuk enggan belajar sejarah, (2) kita dapat menemukan model pembelajaran yang cocok agar dapat mendorong siswa untuk berminat belajar sejarah, (3) kita dapat mengetahui bahwa dari pembelajaran sejarah aka nada kontribusi yang besar untuk menumbuhkan rasa nasionalisme para siswa sebagai generasi penerus.
Sejarah Toponim Prabumulih sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Marini Marini , Sholeh Kabib , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: March 2021

Sejarah toponim Prabumulih adalah sumber masa lalu dari asal-usul nama tempat menjadi identitas bagi masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di Prabumulih, yang merupakan hasil kebudayaan antar masyarakat wilayah setempat melalui sejarah yang ada. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah sejarah toponim kota Prabumulih yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah. ? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai sejarah toponim Prabumulih yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Tekhnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sejarah toponim Prabumulih memiliki peran penting bagi sekolah dan bagi masyarakat karena merupakan hasil kebudayaan tokoh masyarakat yang mengandung nilai pendidikan dan nilai sejarah. Kemudian nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam sejarah toponim Prabumulih sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah adalah nilai sejarah, nilai sosial dan budaya, nilai politik serta nilai pendidikan. Yang dapat diterapkan pada mata pelajaran sejarah Indonesia kelas X di sekolah Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Prabumulih yaitu sejarah lokal.

 

Kata Kunci: Toponim Prabumulih,  Pembelajaran Sejarah.
Elit Tradisional dalam Onder Afdeling Rawas Masa Kekuasaan Belanda Tahun 1901-1942
Authors: Susilo Agus , Sarkowi Sarkowi
Published: March 2021

Traditional elites are nobles who have a very important role in society. They are highly respected in social life. These traditional elites usually have better knowledge and have better education than ordinary people. In addition, traditional elites are also very vital in land ownership. Some of the land in the Surulangun area belongs to local nobles and indigenous people as managers. Life in Surulangun was also very promising because of the life of activities around the Rawas river which became the meeting point of other traders around the Rawas river. In addition to having the Rawas river which is the lifeblood of trade in Surulangun, this area is also very strategic because it borders the Jambi area. For crops, the Surulangun area is also very large, this is the spirit of the Dutch nation along the Musi and Rawas rivers to get to Surulangun. After taking power in Surulangun, the Netherlands made this area an area of the capital of Onder Afdeling Rawas. The Dutch colonial nation held many friendships with traditional elites to support its government. In the form of Dutch cooperation with these traditional elites by promising better assets and positions, many traditional elites were interested in cooperating. On the other hand, the Netherlands wants a traditional elite as a liaison between the Netherlands and the indigenous people to manage mining and plantations in Surulangun. So that the Dutch Colonial nation became very advanced and developed rapidly after making Surulangun as one of the contributors of wealth to Dutch Colonial.
Eksistensi Tradisi Masyarakat Samin Kabupaten Bojonegoro di Era Modern
Authors: Danugroho Agus
Published: March 2021

Traditions that run in society contain norms and values that become part of a group of nations and their supporters. The socialization activities were held for the sake of appreciation of the tradition by each of the supporting communities. One element of tradition in a culture is belief in the form of religion and symbols in it. Samin can be said to be a form of community that is still developing in Java, especially in East Java and Central Java. One of them is the Samin community which is still developing until now in the Japanese Hamlet, Margomulyo Village, Margomulyo District, Bojonegoro Regency. This study raised the existence of the tradition of the Samin Bojonegoro community in this modern era. This is expected to add insight to the readers and especially the local Bojonegoro community to respect and preserve the traditions of their ancestors and not forget the local identity of the region. This study uses historical methods that have heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. This is because this research is related to the object to be studied, namely in the form of history and traditions that exist in the community which can only be explained through descriptions. This research is closely related to the process of collecting primary and secondary data. Primary sources are used in the form of documents, literature studies, observations and interviews with traditional leaders, organizers, and communities directly related. In addition, secondary sources are used in the form of previous research and literature. This research resulted in the existence of the tradition of the Samin community in the Bojonegoro region in this modern era.

 

Keywords: Existensi, Tradition, Samin, Bojonegoro.
Kritik terhadap Pemikiran Kontroversial Bercorak Panteistik di Tengah Umat Islam dalam Karya Syaikh Abdus Shamad Al-Palimbani Abad ke-18
Authors: Pramasto Arafah
Published: March 2021

Sufism is a philosophy that emerged among Muslims in 9th. Century A.D. It emphasises on the concept of bathiniya (esoteric) in the practicing of Islam. Among several figures propagating Sufism, two of them were Al-Hallaj in Middle East and Sheikh Siti Jenar in Indonesian Archipelago. Both were accused of spreading ideas of Panhteism (i.e. belief in Allah and his creations as one entity), which consequently resulted in Sufism being considered ‘Heresy’ and a ‘Stray idea’ by the orthodox Muslims. Sheikh Abdus Shamad Al-Palimbani, a Sufi Ulema born in Palembang (1737 AD) wrote critiques for Sufism in his three writings. The first book called ‘Kitab Hidayatus Shalikin’ in which he said that Allah is different with his creation. The second book, ‘Kitab Tuhfah Ar-Raghibin’ in which he rejected the concept of ‘Hulul’ (i.e. the belief that Allah is in creation), and lastly the ‘Kitab Siyarus Salikin’ that explored human’s awarness of their ‘lust’ which he believed is a gateway to understand the distinction between Allah’s divine reality and human existence.
museum, Majapahit MUSEUM MAJAPAHIT DI TAHUN 2018-2019 SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN DAN REKREASI SERTA TEMPAT BERSEJARAH
Authors: Zuhairy Ahmad Muhib
Published: March 2021

Pada tanggal 24 april 1924 R.A.A Kromodjojo Adinegoro salah seorang Bupati Mojokerto, bekerja sama dengan Ir. Henry Maclaine Pont seorang arsitek Balanda mendirikan Oudheidkundige Vereeniging Majapahit (OVM) yaitu suatu perkumpulan yang bertujuan untuk meneliti peninggalan-peninggalan Majapahit. Akan tetapi OVM telah mengalami banyak perubahan nama dan juga banyak berpindah-pindah tempat dari dulu hingga sekarang. Hingga pada saat ini dikenal dengan nama PIM (Pusat Informasi Majapahit) yang dinaungi oleh BPCB JATIM( Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya).

Sampai saat ini Pusat Informasi Majapahit (PIM) atau yang sering disebut Museum Trowulan saat ini terletak di Jl. Pendopo Agung, Dusun Unggahan, Desa Trowulan, Kec. Trowulan, Kab. Mojokerto, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Bangunan ini terletak di tanah seluas 54.935 mm.

Museum tersebut terdiri dari 3 bangunan utama yaitu bangunan a, b, dan c serta bangunan kecil. 

1)         Bangunan A, merupakan bangunan rumah tinggal yang terletak dihalaman bagian barat dan menjadi bangunan utama museum sampai sekarang. 

2)         Bangunan B, bangunan yang dibangun pada tahun 1926 ini bangunan semi-terbuka yang berdinding kayu dengan atap berbentuk joglo. Lokasi bangunan berada disebelah timur bangunan A, sedikit menjorok kebarat laut.

3)         Bangunan C, bangunan ini didirikan pada tahun 1927 dan selesai dibangun sekitar tahun 1928. Bangunan ini terletak di sebelah timur bangunan B. Bentuk bangunannya cukup menarik karena keseluruhan bentuknya mirip dengan buah belimbing.

Kata Kunci: museum,majapahit
Keramik Situs Gede Ing Suro sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMK Muhammadiyah 03 Palembang
Authors: Putera Riki Pratama
Published: March 2021

Gede Ing Suro Site Ceramics as a Source of History Learning in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang. The problem of this research is what historical value is there in the Gede Ing Suro ceramics site which can be used as a source of history learning in class X SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the historical value of the Gede Ing Suro ceramics site can be used as a source of history learning in class X SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used were documentation, observation and interviews. The results of the study can be concluded. Ceramics of the Gede Ing Suro site are historic relics which prove that the Gede Ing Suro Site has important historical and cultural values ​​in the past. The historical value of the Gede Ing Suro ceramics site can be used as a source of history learning in class X. By becoming a teaching material Ceramics Site of the Gede Ing Suro as a Historical Learning Resource at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang, it will help students get to know historical relics, especially local history, namely ceramic site Gede Ing Suro. So that it can motivate maintaining the cultural products in South Sumatra, especially at the Gede Ing Suro Site.
Narasi Foto: Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat Ulu Rawas Masa Kolonial Belanda 1825-1942
Authors: Ramli Supian , Bakaruddin Lagut
Published: March 2021

The photos are used as a source of historical writing stored in the KITLV documentation center. Likewise with Ulu Rawas during the Dutch East Indies, most of the description of Ulu Rawas during the colonial period can be found in the KITLV collection photo. Some of these photos depict the life of Ulu Rawas society at that time which consisted of various aspects of life. The purpose of this paper is to look at the history of Ulu Rawas community life in the colonial period through photo narration. The research method used is the Historical research method which consists of five stages of writing which cover: (1) Determination of Themes / Topics, (2) Heuristics, (3) Criticism of Sources, (4) Interpretation, and (5) Historiography. The results of this research show that Ulu Rawas was very existent at that time, a clan area under Onder Afdeling Rawas, Afdelingen Paelembangache Boven Landen, Residency of Palembang, the Dutch East Indies. Most of the photo narratives realized Ulu Rawas's social, geographical, and natural conditions at that time. So it can be concluded that Ulu Rawas during the reign of the Dutch East Indies was one of the regions in the Palembang Residency region which was very calculated especially with the results of its natural wealth for the Dutch East Indies government.
Pengaruh Penaklukan Konstantinopel Terhadap Kemajuan Turki Usmani Tahun 1453 ( Kajian Politik Ekspansi Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih)
Authors: Rulianto Rulianto , Dokopati Altin
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is (1). To find out about the conditions of the ottoman turks before conquering Constantinople (2). To find out about the political progress and the ottoman military in the time of Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih (3). To find out the influence of constantinople’s conquest on the progress of Ottoman turks in 1453. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, and using the library research method one method of data processing which is done by systematically compiling so that general conclusions can be obtained. The result of this study was the influence of Constantinople’s conquest of the progress of Ottoman Turkey in 1453. The city of Constantinople as a country that is so strong lies in the territory of Byzantium. Efforts to conquer this region continue to be carried out from the time Umayyah, Abbasiyah, arrived at the time of Ottoman rule. The conquest could be carried out on the 20th of Jumadil early 857 H/ mei 291453 M, at 1.00 am, Tuesday, the main attack was launched. The mujahideen were ordered to raise the voice of the takbir while attacking the city. The population of Constantinople was at the height of its fear that morning. Mujahideen who are determined to fight in the cause of Allah, so brave to invade the crusaders in the city. In the end the city of Constantinople could be conquered by Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih with his troops. It nrought great influence to the Ottoman Turks in the field of military political, economy, governance, of religious and cultural science, and expanding to Europe.
Perkembangan Pesantren di Indonesia
Authors: Arjiarna Bella Almira , Hasan Yunani , Dhita Aulia Novemy
Published: March 2021

This writing aims to broaden the readers' insight where there are still many arguments   or opinions about pesantren in Indonesia and find out how the development process of pesantren in Indonesia from the beginning of its emergence. Pesantren is one of the educational institutions that has long existed in Indonesia, some say that at first the pesantren did not originate from Islamic teachings, but there were also some experts who said that pesantren were already from Islamic teachings. Hopefully with this writing can be a teaching for the writer.
Bentuk Pelaksanaan Demokrasi Pertama di Indonesia
Authors: Arestu Teguh Dias
Published: March 2021

Liberal democracy began when Indonesia held a session at the KMB forming a parliamentary. With the ongoing cabinet, the policy pattern depends on the prime minister in charge of his time. For example, the cabinet of Burhanudin Harentuk which made the work program for the first election in Indonesia so that it shocked many surrounding countries