bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutações demográficas: considerações relacionadas ao crescimento da população idosa nas mesorregiões do Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Ferreira Rúbia Silene Alegre , Costa Luiz Claudio Pires , Robustelle Maruccia Maria do Perpétuo Socorro O. , Ferst Marklea da Cunha , Guerreiro Ralyne Lima de Souza
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho faz considerações relacionadas ao crescimento populacional dos idosos das mesorregiões do estado do Amazonas com base nas informações dos Censos Demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O destaque do envelhecimento da população é uma tendência mundial que se acentua em todos os países e no Brasil não é diferente. O Amazonas possui 62 municípios, agrupados em quatro mesorregiões: Norte Amazonense, Sudoeste Amazonense, Centro Amazonense e Sul Amazonense. Assim o crescimento populacional idoso foi intenso nos Censos observados, semelhante ao que ocorre mundo a fora, com elevação exponencial em todas as mesorregiões, relativamente distribuídas nas três outras e fortemente concentrado na mesorregião Centro Amazonense, àquela que concentra 50% dos municípios do estado, bem como é onde se localiza a capital Manaus.
Effect of simplified and full-step surface treatments of indirect resin composite on dentin bonding stability and nanoleakage
Authors: Dias Joselúcia da Nóbrega , Ribeiro Andressa Eveline de Lima , Melo Ana Margarida dos Santos , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Assunção Isauremi Vieira de
Published: November 2020

The study evaluated the effect of the application of simplified or full-step surface treatments and aging times on dentin bonding stability and nanoleakage of indirect resin composite restorations. This is an in vitro study with one hundred and sixty indirect resin composite restorations (4.8 x 2.8 x 4.0 mm) produced to fill dentin preparations in bovine dentin. The specimens were divided into eight groups according to chemical treatment [No treatment; Silane; Scotchbond™ Universal adhesive (SBU); and Silane + SBU], and aging time in water [24 h and six months]. Push-out bond strength (PBS) was evaluated by a universal testing machine (1.0 mm/min), failure modes by a dissecting microscope, and nanoleakage by scanning electron microscopy. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc tests (p<0.05) were used to compare PBS among the groups, while failure modes and nanoleakage were analyzed descriptively. The bonding stability of indirect resin composite restorations was influenced by chemical surface treatments and aging times (p <0.05). Significant differences were determined between chemical treatment applied, mainly when SBU was used after aging the samples. The different surface treatments and aging time did not influence the nanoleakage at the cement-resin interface. The study results suggest that the simplified surface treatment using a universal adhesive improved the dentin bonding stability of indirect resin composite restorations.
Stakeholder analysis of the Mato Grosso Northwest timber industry: A perspective on solid waste
Authors: Gil Rodrigo Lemos , Oliveira Aylson Costa , Alcântara Liliane Cristiane Schlemer , Sguarezi Sandro Benedito , Silva Carolina Joana Da , Ferreira Kleyton Rezende , Lanssanova Luciano Rodrigo , Pinto Valcir Rogério , Pierangeli Maria Aparecida Pereira
Published: November 2020

The timber industry is prominent in the Mato Grosso state, however, it generates large amounts of waste. Knowing the sectors of the society involved in the industry and their interrelationships are fundamental for developing effective public policies. The objective of this paper is to survey key social groups about how to resolve wood waste generation in northwestern Mato Grosso state. We identified stakeholders who were then classified according to their degree of power and interest. Public policies were analyzed and discussed. Sixteen stakeholders were found, of which eight were considered in the high power and interest group. The public policies discussed are generic and comprehensive, which suggests implementation challenges. We concluded that high power/interest groups are fundamental for garnering support for policies, given their vested interest in the outcome. The following were suggested: greater availability and dissemination of information; greater synergy between existing institutions and policies; focusing on priority regions; and promoting incentive mechanisms.
Boosted regression tree models predict the diets of juvenile bull sharks in a subtropical estuary
Authors: Cottrant E , Matich P , Fisher MR
Published: November 2020

Understanding diet flexibility is important for resource management as climate change alters ecological communities. However, food web complexity often limits our ability to predict how changes in prey communities may alter predator diets. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses are traditionally used to evaluate trophic interactions, but costs and logistical constraints can limit their efficacy. Using boosted regression tree (BRT) models, we predicted how juvenile bull shark Carcharhinus leucas diets respond to shifts in potential prey communities using patterns of shark and prey distributions, and size-based differences in shark gape widths. BRT models were based on bull shark diets from published literature and long-term monitoring of sharks and prey in a coastal estuary in the western Gulf of Mexico. In situ diet data were used to test model accuracy, which revealed that BRT models effectively predicted the most abundant prey families in the diets of bull sharks (Sciaenidae: ~37%; Ariidae: ~34%), with Pearson’s correlation rates as high as 0.778 for predictions and in situ diet data. Inaccuracies were evident for rarer prey families (e.g. Mugilidae), which was attributed to monitoring limitations, elucidating how BRT models can be improved before future application. High model accuracy suggests BRTs may serve as an appropriate complement to stomach content and stable isotope analyses when monitoring data of predators and potential prey are available. Such results are promising for reducing stressful or harmful sampling and broadening the applications of current monitoring programs used to assess changes in species densities and distributions, particularly for resource-limited management agencies.
The Eurasianism concept: Russian vs Western perspectives
Authors: Šubrt Jiří , Šulc Irina
Published: November 2020

This article is dedicated to the concept of Eurasianism in the context of two approaches: Russian and Western. It will focus on how the idea of Eurasia has evolved over time first among Russian emigrants in Czechoslovakia, France and the USA in the period between the two world wars (P. Savitskii, N. Trubetskoy, G. Vernadsky), later – from the late 20th century in the USSR and in Russia itself (L. Gumilev, A. Dugin), and finally today, in the framework of Western social sciences (K. Hann). The aim of this paper is to give an indication of how this concept has served at different times and how its content has changed depending on the personality of the researcher and his worldview. The novelty of the approach is in contrasting the Russian and Western concepts of Eurasianism. The Russian perspectives speak of Eurasia within the framework of the Russian Empire or within the framework of the Soviet Union. The Western perspective is much wider than the Russian one and covers Europe and Asia. It was formed in the context of socio-anthropological research as an attempt to explain the processes taking place in post-communist countries, but it was also criticised. The fundamental question concerns its professional status – is it merely an ideological construction or does it have scientific substance?
Mean Absolute Percentage Error untuk Evaluasi Hasil Prediksi Komoditas Laut
Authors: Nabillah Ida , Ranggadara Indra
Published: November 2020

Volume ekspor komoditas gurita mengalami kenaikan dan stok di suatu daerah akan tidak merata dan berlebih, serta bahwa permintaan gurita di beberapa negara tujuan di Asia, Eropa dan Amerika telah meningkat secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk memperkirakan pasokan gurita berdasarkan data historis dari tahun 2014 sampai 2018. Setelah dilakukan prediksi selanjutnya maka diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi model prediksi yang digunakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk memprediksi hasil komoditas yaitu dengan regresi linier, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara satu atau beberapa variabel terhadap satu buah variable. Selanjutnya evaluasi model yang digunakan menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). MAPE memberikan petunjuk seberapa besar kesalahan peramalan dibandingkan dengan nilai sebenarnya dari series tersebut. Selanjutnya hasil produksi dapat diprediksi 70% dan hasil MAPE sebesar 30% maka dapat dikatakan bahwa hasil regresi linier memiliki kemampuan model peramalan yang layak.
KESULTANAN BUTON PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN LA SANGAJI : 1591-1597
Authors: Nashihah Duratun , Aslim Aslim , Malik Elmy Selfiana
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asal-usul La Sangaji Sultan Buton III dan untuk mengetahui situasi kesultanan Buton pada masa pemerintahan Sultan La Sangaji. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian sejarah dengan pendekatan strukturis dalam ilmu sejarah. Tahapan penelitian ini yaitu: (1) pemilihan topik; (2) heuristik sumber; (3) verifikasi sumber (kritik sumber melalui kritik eksternal dan kritik internal); (4) interpretasi sumber (analisis dan sintesis); (5) historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Sultan La Sangaji adalah putra dari Sultan Murhum yang lahir pada 1 safar 936 Hijriah (1530 M) dari perkawinannya dengan Sarifah Putri Datu Selayar. Sultan Murhum adalah anak hasil perkawinan dari Sugi Manuru dengan Watubapala yang pada saat itu Sugi Manuru merupakan Raja yang berkuasa di Muna. Sugi Manuru adalah anak dari Sugi Patani sedang Watubapala adalah anak dari Kiayi Jola yang merupakan keturunan Wa Kaa kaa. Situasi di Buton pada masa pemerintahan Sultan La Sangaji mengalami masa kegelapan karena adanya musim kemarau panjang yang mengakibatkan pekerjaan benteng tidak selesai dan juga menimbulkan bahaya kelaparan dan penyakit yang merajalela. Meskipun demikian, pada masa pemerintahan Sultan La Sangaji  tidak ada rakyat yang meninggal karena kelaparan.
PERUBAHAN ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT DESA TONGALERE KECAMATAN WAWONII UTARA KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN: 1987-2018
Authors: Yusriani Yusriani , Alim Abdul , Wardani Ajeng Kusuma , Hermina Sitti
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan adat perkawinan masyarakat Desa Tongalere Kecamatan Wawonii Utara Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan: 1987-2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah menurut Kuntowijoyo dengan tata kerja penelitian sejarah sebagai berikut: (1) Pemilihan Topik, (2) Heuristik sumber  (3) Verifikasi sumber, (4) Interpretasi sumber, (5) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pelaksanaan adat perkawinan masyarakat Desa Tongalere Kecamatan Wawonii Utara terdiri dari beberapa tahap berikut: (a) Melamasi (pelamaran), (b) Mompepanga (peminangan), (c) Kawia (kawin/ijab kabul), (d) Ponteoa (pengantaran). (2) Bentuk perkawinan masyarakat Desa Tongalere Kecamatan Wawonii Utara yaitu (a) Perkawinan meminang (saba), (b) Kawin lari (mompolaisako), (c) Kawin paksa (mompolaisako). (3) Perubahan dalam adat perkawinan masyarakat Desa Tongalere Kecamatan Wawonii Utara yaitu (a) Perlengkapan adat (kolungku sara) yaitu tidak digunakannya talam adat tempat peletakan kolungku sara, (b) Mahar (tinasuka) yaitu berubah dari “boka” menjadi “ringgi” setelah itu menjadi kelapa, (c) Proses pernikahan/perkawinan yaitu dimulai dari pemilihan jodoh sampai dengan  ponteoa, namun dengan adanya perubahan proses pemilihan jodoh sudah tidak digunakan lagi. (4) Faktor penyebab terjadinya perubahan pelaksanaan adat perkawinan masyarakat Desa Tongalere yaitu (a) Pengaruh kebudayaan masyarakat lain, (b) Sistem pendidikan yang maju, (c) Transportasi dan informasi.
RELASI KEKERABATAN MUNA, WOLIO, DAN WAKATOBI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF DAN ETNOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Rahman Rahman , Halfian Wa Ode , Zahrani Zahrani , Keke Ahmad , Taembo Maulid
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini membahas relasi kekerabatan Muna, Wolio, dan Wakatobi di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan aspek bahasa dan budaya (kabhanti). Penelitian ini dilakukan karena selain dari masih kurangnya pembahasan mengenai relasi kekerabatan bahasa juga didasarkan adanya pandangan bahwa ketiga masyarakat tersebut memiliki banyak kemiripan dari segi ritual-ritual kelahiran, kematian, perkawinan, dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan lainnya seperti keberadaan sastra lisan dalam bentuk nyanyian rakyat atau lebih popular dikenal dengan istilah kabhanti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan fonem bahasa Muna, Wolio, dan Wakatobi; (2) mendeskripsikan relasi  kekerabatan  bahasa-bahasa tersebut berdasarkan  aspek fonologi dan kajian  linguistik historis komparatif; dan (3) menjelaskan  relasi  kekerabatan  subkelompok Muna, Wolio, dan Wakatobi dari perspektif kajian budaya (etnolinguistik). Penelitian ini menggunakan deskripsi kuantitatif dan kualitatif melalui metode wawancara yang disertai dengan pengamatan terhadap kehidupan masyarakat.

Hasil deskripsi fonologi menunjukkan adanya kedekatan bahasa Muna, Wolio, dan Wakatobi. Perhitungan leksikostatistik menunjukan bahwa tingkat relasi kekerabatan bahasa Muna, Wolio, dan bahasa Wakatobi berada pada persentase berkisar 41-45% yang menunjukan  kategori subkeluarga bahasa atau perbedaan bahasa dengan relasi kekerabatan bahasa yang cukup erat. Dari kajian budaya adanya persamaan-persamaan fungsi dan kearifan lokal dari budaya nyanyian rakyat kabanti pun menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat pada wilayah-wilayah tersebut berasal dari nenek moyang yang sama.
PERANAN MOKOLE MBEOGA DI KERAJAAN WAWONII :1650-1745
Authors: Sulfiani Siti , M Aswati , Hamuni Hamuni
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Struktur Pemerintahan Kerajaan Wawonii, (2) Latar belakang pengangkatan Mbeoga sebagai Mokole di Kerajaan Wawonii, (3) Perkembangan Kerajaan Wawonii pada masa Pemerintahan Mokole Mbeoga.          Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah  yang terbagi lima tahap yaitu: (1) Pemilihan Topik, (2) Pengumpulan Sumber,(3) Verifikasi Sumber, (4) Interpretasi Sumber, dan (5) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian Menunjukkan bahwa: (1)  Struktur pemerintahan Kerajaan Wawonii telah disusun pada masa pemerintahan Mokole sebelumnya yakni Mokole/Lakino Lamboi yang terdiri dari Lakino (Mokole), Kepala Kampung, Kapita dan Bonto. Raja dalam menjalankan pemerintahan dibantu oleh perangkatnya. Pada masa Mbeoga dilakukan sejumlah perbaikan. Adapun susunan pemerintahan kerajaan Wawonii terdiri dari : Raja, Tamalaki, Kapita, Bonto, kepala urusan rumah tangga, buruh dan dukun. (2) latar belakang pengangkatan Mbeoga sebagai Mokole berdasarkan garis keturunan dari ayahnya yang bernama Mokole Maulu. Pengangkatan Mbeoga sebagai Mokole karena memiliki kharisma sebagai seorang pemimpin. Di samping itu Mbeoga  sebagai seorang prajurit sudah mengikuti ayahnya ketika perang melawan bajak laut Tobelo di perairan Wawonii pada usia 25 tahun, (3)  Kerajaan Wawonii pada masa pemerintahan Mokole Mbeoga dapat dilihat dalam bidang : (1) Politik dan pemerintahan, (2) perbaikan ekonomi, (3) Pertahanan,(4) Perkembangan agama Islam, dan (5) Sosial budaya.
The Role of Windle Trust Kenya in Promotion of Education in Dadaab Camp, Kenya
Authors: Kiruthu Felix
Published: November 2020

Education not only empowers individuals to live a better quality life, it also makes an enormous contribution to the development of a society. It is, however, very challenging to provide quality education to communities afflicted by conflict, particularly refugees. The study examined the role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the provision of education in conflicted societies. Specifically, the study analysed the role played by Windle Trust-Kenya in the provision of education among the refugees’ communities in Dadaab refugee Camps in Kenya. The study interrogated not only the strategies used by the Organization to promote education among the refugees, but also the challenges encountered in the provision of education in the specific refugee camps in Dadaab. The study employed a descriptive research design in order to probe into the efforts of the Organization towards supporting refugee education. Programme managers who have worked for Windle Trust Kenya, teachers employed by the Organization in Dadaab and academics who have served in Dadaab Refugee camp were interviewed using an interview schedule. Document analysis was also conducted from the different humanitarian organizations operating in Dadaab and from Kenyatta University Post Modern Library. These included journals, theses and text books. The research established that Windle Trust-Kenya has supported not only secondary and primary education in Dadaab but also tertiary education, through collaboration with different universities. Girls were found to be experiencing more challenges in pursuing education due to gender based violence and cultural beliefs among most of the refugees. Conclusively, the study established that education to refugees benefit both refugees and the host community as refugees who excel in education also give back to the host community
Aging and Senescence of Dental Pulp and Hard Tissues of the Tooth
Authors: Maeda Hidefumi
Published: November 2020

The ability to consume a meal using one’s own teeth influences an individual’s quality of life. In today’s global aging society, studying the biological changes in aging teeth is important to address this issue. A tooth includes three hard tissues (enamel, dentin, and cementum) and a soft tissue (dental pulp). With advancing age, these tissues become senescent; each tissue exhibits a unique senescent pattern. This review discusses the structural alterations of hard tissues, as well as the molecular and physiological changes in dental pulp cells and dental pulp stem cells during human aging. The significance of senescence in these cells remains unclear. Thus, there is a need to define the regulatory mechanisms of aging and senescence in these cells to aid in preservation of dental health.
When Friendship Turns Sour: Effective Communication Between Mitochondria and Intracellular Organelles in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lin Tsu-Kung , Lin Kai-Jung , Lin Kai-Lieh , Liou Chia-Wei , Chen Shang-Der , Chuang Yao-Chung , Wang Pei-Wen , Chuang Jiin-Haur , Wang Tzu-Jou
Published: November 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with pathological hallmarks including progressive neuronal loss from the substantia nigra pars compacta and α-synuclein intraneuronal inclusions, known as Lewy bodies. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, mitochondrial damage has been established to take center stage in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondria are critical to cellular energy production, metabolism, homeostasis, and stress responses; the association with PD emphasizes the importance of maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity. To accomplish the pleiotropic functions, mitochondria are dynamic not only within their own network but also in orchestrated coordination with other organelles in the cellular community. Through physical contact sites, signal transduction, and vesicle transport, mitochondria and intracellular organelles achieve the goals of calcium homeostasis, redox homeostasis, protein homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Herein, we review the finely tuned interactions between mitochondria and surrounding intracellular organelles, with focus on the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. Participants that may contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD will be highlighted in this review.
The Effects of Glacial Cover on Riverine Silicon Isotope Compositions in Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Pryer Helena V. , Hatton Jade E. , Wadham Jemma L. , Hawkings Jon R. , Robinson Laura F. , Kellerman Anne M. , Marshall Matthew G. , Urra Alejandra , Covey Anna , Daneri Giovanni , Häussermann Vreni , Hendry Katharine R.
Published: November 2020

Proglacial rivers have been shown to have distinctive silicon (Si) isotope compositions, providing new insights into the mechanisms controlling Si cycling in the subglacial environment and suggesting terrestrial Si isotope exports may have varied between glacial and interglacial periods. However, Si isotope data are currently limited to a small number of glacial systems in the northern hemisphere, and it is unclear how compositions might vary across a spectrum of glacial influence. Using Chilean Patagonia as a unique natural laboratory, we present Si isotope compositions of 0.45 μm filtered (fSi), 0.02 μm filtered (DSi), and reactive amorphous (ASi) fractions from 40 river catchments with variable glacial cover and explore the key controls on Si cycling. The 0.45 μm filtered glacier-fed river samples displayed isotopically light compositions and a positive linear correlation with upstream glacial cover. This relationship was controlled by the inclusion of an isotopically light colloidal-nanoparticulate (0.02–0.45 μm) silicate phase that was only present in glacier-fed rivers and dominated Si budgets in these catchments. This phase was predominately composed of feldspars and its lability in seawater is uncertain, representing a significant unknown in resolving glacial Si isotope exports from this region. When the colloidal-nanoparticulates were removed from solution by ultra-filtration, the resultant DSi isotope compositions of glacier-fed catchments were not isotopically distinct from some non-glacial rivers and exhibited no clear relationship with glacial cover. The colloidal-nanoparticulate concentration of other weathering-sensitive elements (Li, Mg, Ba, Sr) also showed a linear relationship with glacial cover, suggesting that their isotopic compositions could be affected in a similar manner. These findings highlight the benefit of size-fractionated sampling and the need for more research to understand the lability of colloidal-nanoparticulate species, especially in glacier-fed rivers. Finally, we explore the controls on river ASi isotope compositions and show how including these reactive particulate phases is critical to quantifying terrestrial Si isotope budgets, both in Patagonia and other global regions.
Multi-Omic Data Integration Allows Baseline Immune Signatures to Predict Hepatitis B Vaccine Response in a Small Cohort
Authors: Shannon Casey P. , Blimkie Travis M. , Ben-Othman Rym , Gladish Nicole , Amenyogbe Nelly , Drissler Sibyl , Edgar Rachel D. , Chan Queenie , Krajden Mel , Foster Leonard J. , Kobor Michael S. , Mohn William W. , Brinkman Ryan R. , Le Cao Kim-Anh , Scheuermann Richard H. , Tebbutt Scott J. , Hancock Robert E.W. , Koff Wayne C. , Kollmann Tobias R. , Sadarangani Manish , Lee Amy Huei-Yi
Published: November 2020

Background

Vaccination remains one of the most effective means of reducing the burden of infectious diseases globally. Improving our understanding of the molecular basis for effective vaccine response is of paramount importance if we are to ensure the success of future vaccine development efforts.

Methods

We applied cutting edge multi-omics approaches to extensively characterize temporal molecular responses following vaccination with hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. Data were integrated across cellular, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and fecal microbiome profiles, and correlated to final HBV antibody titres.

Results

Using both an unsupervised molecular-interaction network integration method (NetworkAnalyst) and a data-driven integration approach (DIABLO), we uncovered baseline molecular patterns and pathways associated with more effective vaccine responses to HBV. Biological associations were unravelled, with signalling pathways such as JAK-STAT and interleukin signalling, Toll-like receptor cascades, interferon signalling, and Th17 cell differentiation emerging as important pre-vaccination modulators of response.

Conclusion

This study provides further evidence that baseline cellular and molecular characteristics of an individual’s immune system influence vaccine responses, and highlights the utility of integrating information across many parallel molecular datasets.
A Review of Multi-phase Slag Refining for Dephosphorization in the Steelmaking Process
Authors: Lin Wenhui , Jiao Shuqiang , Zhou Kaixiao , Sun Jiankun , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Qing
Published: November 2020

Dephosphorization has always been a challenging task in the steelmaking process. In the traditional studies, CaO-based steelmaking slag was usually treated as a homogeneous liquid phase to analyze the dephosphorization equilibrium between molten slag and hot metal (slag/metal). In fact, the slag shows a coexisting state of both liquid and solid at steelmaking temperature. In recent years, multi-phase slag refining has been proposed and proved to be an efficient technique to improve the utilization of solid lime and the dephosphorization efficiency in steelmaking practices. The present review focuses on hot issues for the multi-phase slag refining, including the dissolution of solid lime to the molten slag, the formation of 2CaO·SiO2 and phosphorus-rich solid solution of 2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5, as well as the phosphorus distribution ratio between the solid and liquid phases in the multi-phase slag. In addition to the discussion on thermal and kinetic factors of dephosphorization, the necessity of further research is proposed on the dissolution behavior of phosphorus-rich solid solution and phosphorus redistribution in the slag of high temperature, high basicity and high FeO in the final stage of converter steelmaking. Then, a more applicable dynamic model of dephosphorization could be expected considering the equilibrium not only between molten slag and liquid metal but also among the phases of the multi-phase slag in steelmaking process. Furthermore, the modelling work is beneficial for the fine control of the BOF process and the development of intelligent manufacturing in steelmaking industry.
Metabolomics Profiling and Diagnosis Biomarkers Searching for Drug-Induced Liver Injury Implicated to Polygonum multiflorum: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhao Xu , Zhang Zi-teng , Chen Shuai-shuai , Li Shan-shan , Shi Zhuo , Jing Jing , Huang Ang , Guo Yu-ming , Bai Zhao-fang , Zou Zheng-sheng , Xiao Xiao-he , Wang Jia-bo , Niu Ming
Published: November 2020

Aim:The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a challenge and the cases ofPolygonum multiflorumThunb. (PM) induced DILI (PM-DILI) have received much attention This study aimed to identify a simple and high-efficiency approach to PM-DILI diagnosis via metabolomics analysis.

Methods:Plasma metabolites in 13 PM-DILI patients were profiled by liquid chromatography along with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the metabolic characteristics of the PM-DILI were compared with that of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), hepatitis B (HBV), and healthy volunteers.

Results:Twenty-four metabolites were identified to present significantly different levels in PM-DILI patients compared with HBV and AIH groups. These metabolites were enriched into glucose, amino acids, and sphingolipids metabolisms. Among these essential metabolites, the ratios of P-cresol sulfate vs. phenylalanine and inosine vs. bilirubin were further selected using a stepwise decision tree to construct a classification model in order to differentiate PM-DILI from HBV and AIH. The model was highly effective with sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.9%.

Conclusions:This study presents an integrated view of the metabolic features of PM-DILI induced by herbal medicine, and the four-metabolite decision tree technique imparts a potent tool in clinical diagnosis.
Stimulus Feature-Specific Information Flow Along the Columnar Cortical Microcircuit Revealed by Multivariate Laminar Spiking Analysis
Authors: Tovar David A. , Westerberg Jacob A. , Cox Michele A. , Dougherty Kacie , Carlson Thomas A. , Wallace Mark T. , Maier Alexander
Published: November 2020

Most of the mammalian neocortex is comprised of a highly similar anatomical structure, consisting of a granular cell layer between superficial and deep layers. Even so, different cortical areas process different information. Taken together, this suggests that cortex features a canonical functional microcircuit that supports region-specific information processing. For example, the primate primary visual cortex (V1) combines the two eyes' signals, extracts stimulus orientation, and integrates contextual information such as visual stimulation history. These processes co-occur during the same laminar stimulation sequence that is triggered by the onset of visual stimuli. Yet, we still know little regarding the laminar processing differences that are specific to each of these types of stimulus information. Univariate analysis techniques have provided great insight by examining one electrode at a time or by studying average responses across multiple electrodes. Here we focus on multivariate statistics to examine response patterns across electrodes instead. Specifically, we applied multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to linear multielectrode array recordings of laminar spiking responses to decode information regarding the eye-of-origin, stimulus orientation, and stimulus repetition. MVPA differs from conventional univariate approaches in that it examines patterns of neural activity across simultaneously recorded electrode sites. We were curious whether this added dimensionality could reveal neural processes on the population level that are challenging to detect when measuring brain activity without the context of neighboring recording sites. We found that eye-of-origin information was decodable for the entire duration of stimulus presentation, but diminished in the deepest layers of V1. Conversely, orientation information was transient and equally pronounced along all layers. More importantly, using time-resolved MVPA, we were able to evaluate laminar response properties beyond those yielded by univariate analyses. Specifically, we performed a time generalization analysis by training a classifier at one point of the neural response and testing its performance throughout the remaining period of stimulation. Using this technique, we demonstrate repeating (reverberating) patterns of neural activity that have not previously been observed using standard univariate approaches.
Glycosylated Nanoparticles for Cancer-Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Torres-Pérez Sergio Andrés , Torres-Pérez Cindy Estefani , Pedraza-Escalona Martha , Pérez-Tapia Sonia Mayra , Ramón-Gallegos Eva
Published: November 2020

Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel platforms that can carry both cancer-targeting molecules and drugs to avoid severe side effects due to nonspecific drug delivery in standard chemotherapy treatments. Cancer cells are characterized by abnormal membranes, metabolic changes, the presence of lectin receptors, glucose transporters (GLUT) overexpression, and glycosylation of immune receptors of programmed death on cell surfaces. These characteristics have led to the development of several strategies for cancer therapy, including a large number of carbohydrate-modified NPs, which have become desirable for use in cell-selective drug delivery systems because they increase nanoparticle-cell interactions and uptake of carried drugs. Currently, the potential of NP glycosylation to enhance the safety and efficacy of carried therapeutic antitumor agents has been widely acknowledged, and much information is accumulating in this field. This review seeks to highlight recent advances in NP stabilization, toxicity reduction, and pharmacokinetic improvement and the promising potential of NP glycosylation from the perspective of molecular mechanisms described for drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. From preclinical proof-of-concept to demonstration of therapeutic value in the clinic, the challenges and opportunities presented by glycosylated NPs, with a focus on their applicability in the development of nanodrugs, are discussed in this review.
Towards Personalization in the Curative Treatment of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Slagter Astrid E. , Vollebergh Marieke A. , Jansen Edwin P. M. , van Sandick Johanna W. , Cats Annemieke , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Verheij Marcel
Published: November 2020

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In the last decades, treatment strategy has shifted from an exclusive surgical approach to a multidisciplinary strategy. Treatment options for patients with resectable gastric cancer as recommended by different worldwide guidelines, include perioperative chemotherapy, pre- or postoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Although gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with respect to patient-, tumor-, and molecular characteristics, the current standard of care is still according to a one-size-fits-all approach. In this review, we discuss the background of the different treatment strategies in resectable gastric cancer including the current standard, the specific role of radiotherapy, and describe the current areas of research and potential strategies for personalization of therapy.
A Systematic Review of Youth-to-Parent Aggression: Conceptualization, Typologies, and Instruments
Authors: Ibabe Izaskun
Published: November 2020

The goal of this study was to analyze the conceptualization of YPA (youth-to-parent aggression) in relation to terms, definitions, typologies and assessment instruments. To achieve this aim, a systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA protocol. Assessment instruments for YPA were examined in accordance with COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments). After reviewing the literature on conceptualization and measuring instruments, some gaps were found. The use of some particular terms was justified depending on the age of children and severity of case. Taking into account the theoretical background, a full definition of YPA was offered. Moreover, this study revealed that it was possible to discriminate four typologies of YPA (Offensive, Defensive, Affective, and Situational) as a function of the coercion level and nature of the violence. Eleven instruments to measure YPA were analyzed exhaustively, with the most reported and robust psychometric properties being internal consistency and structural validity, while other validity evidence was understudied. The CPV-Q (12–25 years) obtained the highest rating as a promising instrument. The initial psychodiagnosis of a YPA situation would help in the individual or family intervention, as well as prevent more severe situations of YPA through early intervention.
Reopening America's Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protecting Asian Students From Stigma and Discrimination
Authors: Akiba Daisuke
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak has prompted a rise in stigma and discrimination against people of Asian descent in many areas in the world, including the United States1. Anti-Asian hate incidents, which have ranged from verbal attacks, refusal of service to physical assault, continue to transpire in the U.S., and they put psychological and physical well-being of Asian children at increased risk. Discussions toward reopening of U.S. schools thus far, however, seem to have exclusively included the infection-related concerns and pedagogical consequences of continued disruptions in face-to-face instructions. Hence, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders need to have plans in place to ensure that reopening of schools will be a smooth experience for students of all backgrounds.
Polyphenols of Honeybee Origin with Applications in Dental Medicine
Authors: Curuțiu Carmen , Dițu Lia Mara , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai , Holban Alina Maria
Published: November 2020

Honeybee products are a great source of polyphenols with recognized applications in dental medicine. Although their biological mechanisms in oral diseases are not fully understood, numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have reported promising results in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasite, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, recommend their future study in order to develop efficient alternatives in the management of widespread oral conditions, such as dental caries and periodontitis. The most investigated mechanisms of polyphenols in oral health rely on their ability to strengthen the dental enamel, decrease the development of dental plaque formation, inhibit the progression of dental caries and development of dental pathogens and show anti-inflammatory properties. These features recommend them as useful honeybee candidates in the management of emerging oral diseases.
Paramagnetic Functionalization of Biocompatible Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: A Perspective
Authors: Bettini Simona , Bonfrate Valentina , Valli Ludovico , Giancane Gabriele
Published: November 2020

The burst of research papers focused on the tissue engineering and regeneration recorded in the last years is justified by the increased skills in the synthesis of nanostructures able to confer peculiar biological and mechanical features to the matrix where they are dispersed. Inorganic, organic and hybrid nanostructures are proposed in the literature depending on the characteristic that has to be tuned and on the effect that has to be induced. In the field of the inorganic nanoparticles used for decorating the bio-scaffolds, the most recent contributions about the paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles use was evaluated in the present contribution. The intrinsic properties of the paramagnetic nanoparticles, the possibility to be triggered by the simple application of an external magnetic field, their biocompatibility and the easiness of the synthetic procedures for obtaining them proposed these nanostructures as ideal candidates for positively enhancing the tissue regeneration. Herein, we divided the discussion into two macro-topics: the use of magnetic nanoparticles in scaffolds used for hard tissue engineering for soft tissue regeneration.
Medical Approaches in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Paragliola Rosa Maria , Corsello Andrea , Locantore Pietro , Papi Giampaolo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Corsello Salvatore Maria
Published: November 2020

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents one of the most aggressive endocrine tumors. In spite of a correct therapeutic strategy based on a multidisciplinary approach between endocrinologist, surgeon and oncologist, the prognosis is often poor. Surgery is the mainstay treatment in ACC. Mitotane, a dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane derivate, represents the main medical treatment of ACC in consideration of its adrenocytolitic activity and it is mainly employed as adjuvant treatment after complete surgical resection and for the treatment of advanced ACC. However, the use of mitotane as adjuvant therapy is still controversial, also in consideration of the retrospective nature of several studies. The recurrence of disease is frequent, especially in advanced disease at the diagnosis. Therefore, in these contexts, conventional chemotherapy must be considered in association with mitotane, being the combination etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin (EDP) the standard of care in this setting. A more modern therapeutic approach, based on the need of a salvage therapy for advanced ACC that progresses through first-line EDP, is focused on molecular-targeted therapies. However, robust clinical trials are necessary to assess the real efficacy of these treatments.
Manganese-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures as Potential Scaffold for Photocatalytic and Fluorescence Sensing Applications
Authors: Thakur Deepika , Sharma Anshu , Awasthi Abhishek , Rana Dharmender Singh , Singh Dilbag , Pandey Sadanand , Thakur Sourbh
Published: November 2020

Herein, we report the photocatalytic and fluorescence sensing applications of manganese-doped zinc oxide nanostructures synthesized by a solution combustion technique, using zinc nitrate as an oxidizer and urea as a fuel. The synthesized Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures have been analyzed in terms of their surface morphology, phase composition, elemental analysis, and optical properties with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. A careful observation of the SEM micrograph reveals that the synthesized material was porous and grown in very high density. Due to a well-defined porous structure, the Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures can be used for the detection of ciprofloxacin, which was found to exhibit a significantly low limit of detection (LOD) value i.e., 10.05 µM. The synthesized Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures have been further analyzed for interfering studies, which reveals that the synthesized sensor material possesses very good selectivity toward ciprofloxacin, as it detects selectively even in the presence of other molecules. The synthesized Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures have been further analyzed for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. The experimental results reveal that Mn-doped ZnO behaves as an efficient photocatalyst. The 85% degradation of MO has been achieved in 75 min using 0.15 g of Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures. The observed results clearly confirmed that the synthesized Mn-dopedZnO nanostructures are a potential scaffold for the fabrication of sensitive and robust chemical sensors as well as an efficient photocatalyst.
An Impedance Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Aflatoxin B1 Monitoring in Pistachio Matrices
Authors: Kaminiaris Michail D. , Mavrikou Sophie , Georgiadou Maria , Paivana Georgia , Tsitsigiannis Dimitrios I. , Kintzios Spyridon
Published: November 2020

Aflatoxins are highly toxic fungal secondary metabolites that often contaminate food and feed commodities. An electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal AFB1 antibodies onto a screen-printed gold electrode that was modified with carbo-methyldextran by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking. An electrochemical interfacial modelling of biomolecular recognition was suggested and reasonably interpreted. Impedance technology was employed for the quantitative determination of AFB1. The limit of detection concentration of AFB1 for standard solutions and spiked pistachio samples was 0.5 ng/mL and 1 ng/mL, respectively. The immunosensor was able to successfully determine AFB1 concentrations in the range of 4.56–50.86 ng/mL in unknown pistachio samples. Comparative chromatographic analysis revealed that AFB1 concentrations that were higher than 345 ng/mL were not within the immunosensor’s upper limits of detection. Selectivity studies against Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 demonstrated that the proposed AFB1 immunosensor was able to differentiate between these other fungal mycotoxins. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach has the potential for rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format, thus contributing to the requirement for effective prevention and the control of aflatoxin B1 in pistachios.
Preparation of Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic Paper with Dual-Response of Temperature and pH
Authors: Du Bin , Xue Daodao , Luo Rubai , Li Huailin , Yang Kenan , Zhou Shisheng
Published: November 2020

Although various superhydrophobic materials have been manufactured and effectively used for oil–water separation, it is still highly desirable to explore materials which are eco-friendly, low-cost, and multifunctional. In this paper, a stable copolymer solution was prepared from the fluorine-free superhydrophobic copolymer with dual-responsiveness of temperature and pH. The functional superhydrophobic paper was prepared by immersing paper in copolymer solution by the dip-coating method. The surface element and structure analysis of the prepared superhydrophobic paper shows that the dual-responsive copolymer adheres successfully to the surface of the paper without destroying the fiber structure of the paper. At pH ≥ 7 and T > 25 °C, the paper has a good superhydrophobic performance, while under the conditions of pH < 7 and T < 25 °C, the paper comes into a hydrophilic state. Therefore, the dual-responsive superhydrophobic paper is more likely to adapt to the complicated oil-water separation environment than the single-response.
Machine-Learning-Based Emotion Recognition System Using EEG Signals
Authors: Alhalaseh Rania , Alasasfeh Suzan
Published: November 2020

Many scientific studies have been concerned with building an automatic system to recognize emotions, and building such systems usually relies on brain signals. These studies have shown that brain signals can be used to classify many emotional states. This process is considered difficult, especially since the brain’s signals are not stable. Human emotions are generated as a result of reactions to different emotional states, which affect brain signals. Thus, the performance of emotion recognition systems by brain signals depends on the efficiency of the algorithms used to extract features, the feature selection algorithm, and the classification process. Recently, the study of electroencephalography (EEG) signaling has received much attention due to the availability of several standard databases, especially since brain signal recording devices have become available in the market, including wireless ones, at reasonable prices. This work aims to present an automated model for identifying emotions based on EEG signals. The proposed model focuses on creating an effective method that combines the basic stages of EEG signal handling and feature extraction. Different from previous studies, the main contribution of this work relies in using empirical mode decomposition/intrinsic mode functions (EMD/IMF) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) for signal processing purposes. Despite the fact that EMD/IMFs and VMD methods are widely used in biomedical and disease-related studies, they are not commonly utilized in emotion recognition. In other words, the methods used in the signal processing stage in this work are different from the methods used in literature. After the signal processing stage, namely in the feature extraction stage, two well-known technologies were used: entropy and Higuchi’s fractal dimension (HFD). Finally, in the classification stage, four classification methods were used—naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and decision tree (DT)—for classifying emotional states. To evaluate the performance of our proposed model, experiments were applied to a common database called DEAP based on many evaluation models, including accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. The experiments showed the efficiency of the proposed method; a 95.20% accuracy was achieved using the CNN-based method.
In Silico Estimation of the Abundance and Phylogenetic Significance of the Composite Oct4-Sox2 Binding Motifs within a Wide Range of Species
Authors: Kulyyassov Arman , Kalendar Ruslan
Published: November 2020

High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly accelerated the progress of genomics, transcriptomics, and metagenomics. Currently, a large amount of genomic data from various organisms is being generated, the volume of which is increasing every year. Therefore, the development of methods that allow the rapid search and analysis of DNA sequences is urgent. Here, we present a novel motif-based high-throughput sequence scoring method that generates genome information. We found and identified Utf1-like, Fgf4-like, and Hoxb1-like motifs, which are cis-regulatory elements for the pluripotency transcription factors Sox2 and Oct4 within the genomes of different eukaryotic organisms. The genome-wide analysis of these motifs was performed to understand the impact of their diversification on mammalian genome evolution. Utf1-like, Fgf4-like, and Hoxb1-like motif diversity was evaluated across genomes from multiple species.