bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of exercise and environmental terrain on development of the digital cushion and bony structures of the bovine foot
Authors: Gard Julie A. , Taylor Debra R. , Wilhite Dewey R. , Rodning Soren P. , Schnuelle Megan L. , Sanders Richard K. , Beyers Ronald J. , Edmondson Misty A. , DeGraves Fred J. , van Santen Edzard
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To determine whether exercise on alternative terrain affects the development of the digital cushion and bony structures of the bovine foot.

ANIMALS 20 weaned bull calves.

PROCEDURES Two-month-old calves were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. For 4 months, the control group was maintained in grass paddocks, and the exercise group was maintained in a 0.8-km lane with a mixed terrain of dirt, stones (0.32- to 0.95-cm pea gravel and 5-cm crusher run), and grass. Water and food for the exercise group were located at opposite ends of the lane; calves were fed twice daily, which ensured they walked 3.2 km/d. Pedometers were applied to all calves to measure distance traveled. All calves were slaughtered at 6 months of age. The right forefeet and hind feet were harvested for MRI and CT evaluation.

RESULTS Control calves walked a mean of 1.1 km daily, whereas the exercised calves walked a mean of 3.2 km daily. Mean digital cushion volume and surface area were 25,335 mm3 and 15,647 mm2, respectively, for the exercised calves and 17,026 mm3 and 12,745 mm2, respectively, for the control calves. When weight was controlled, mean digital cushion volume and surface area for the exercise group were increased by 37.10% and 18.25%, respectively, from those for the control group.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that exercise on alternative terrain increased the volume and surface area of the digital cushion of the feet of dairy calves, which should make them less susceptible to lameness.
Comparison of directly measured arterial blood pressure at various anatomic locations in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Acierno Mark J. , Domingues Michelle E. , Ramos Sara J. , Shelby Amanda M. , da Cunha Anderson F.
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To determine whether directly measured arterial blood pressure differs among anatomic locations and whether arterial blood pressure is influenced by body position.

ANIMALS 33 client-owned dogs undergoing anesthesia.

PROCEDURES Dogs undergoing anesthetic procedures had 20-gauge catheters placed in both the superficial palmar arch and the contralateral dorsal pedal artery (group 1 [n = 20]) or the superficial palmar arch and median sacral artery (group 2 [13]). Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), and diastolic arterial blood pressure (DAP) were recorded for both arteries 4 times (2-minute interval between successive measurements). Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency, and blood pressure measurements were repeated.

RESULTS Differences were detected between pressures measured at the 2 arterial sites in both groups. This was especially true for SAP measurements in group 1, in which hind limb measurements were a mean of 16.12 mm Hg higher than carpus measurements when dogs were in dorsal recumbency and 14.70 mm Hg higher than carpus measurements when dogs were in lateral recumbency. Also, there was significant dispersion about the mean for all SAP, DAP, and MAP measurements.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that arterial blood pressures may be dependent on anatomic location and body position. Because this may affect outcomes of studies conducted to validate indirect blood pressure measurement systems, care must be used when developing future studies or interpreting previous results.
Applying the data fusion method to evaluation of the performance of two control signals in monitoring polarization mode dispersion effects in fiber optic links
Authors: Dashtbani Moghari M. , Rezaei P. , Habibalahi A.
Published: February 2015

With increasing distance and bit rate in fiber optic links the effects of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) have been highlighted. Since PMD has a statistical nature, using a control signal that can provide accurate information to dynamically tune a PMD compensator is of great importance. In this paper, we apply the data fusion method with the aim of introducing a method that can be used to evaluate more accurately the performance of control signals before applying them in a PMD compensation system. Firstly, the minimum and average degree of polarization (DOPmin and DOPave respectively) as control signals in monitoring differential group delay (DGD) for a system including all-order PMD are calculated. Then, features including the amounts of sensitivity and ambiguity in DGD monitoring are calculated for NRZ data format as DGD to bit time (DGD/T) varies. It is shown that each of the control signals mentioned has both positive and negative features for efficient DGD monitoring. Therefore, in order to evaluate features concurrently and increase reliability, we employ data fusion to fuse features of each control signal, which makes evaluating and predicting the performance of control signals possible, before applying them in a real PMD compensation system. Finally, the reliability of the results obtained from data fusion is tested in a typical PMD compensator.
Politics and the Federal Principle in Canada: Newfoundland Offshore Oil Development and the Quest for Political Stability and Economic Justice
Authors: Blake Raymond
Published: February 2015

Abstract:

The maintenance of Canadian federalism, and Canada itself, depends on workable relationships between its constituent parts that are able to secure political agreement through accommodation. This argument is developed by examining the dispute between Newfoundland and Ottawa over the control of offshore oil and gas from the late 1950s to 1985, which also became a subtext for the pursuit of economic security, justice, and equality for the province. Energy policy, including the offshore, was often a key issue in the fractious intergovernmental relations in Canada in this period, and this article argues for the inclusion of political actors as an important force in shaping politics and political decisions. While it does not ignore partisan divisions and issues of constitutionalism, the article makes the case that political stability in Canada also depends on relationships. As such, the article offers a unique opportunity to reframe our understanding of interstate federalism and redirect the discussion of politics and federalism away from constitutionalism and judicial review to the role of politicians and personal relations in federal-provincial governance.
How Can Social Safeguards of REDD+ Function Effectively Conserve Forests and Improve Local Livelihoods? A Case from Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Harada Kazuhiro , Prabowo Dede , Aliadi Arif , Ichihara Jun , Ma Hwan-Ok
Published: February 2015

The National REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation-Plus) Strategy in Indonesia highlights the importance of local participation and the reform of land tenure in the success of forest conservation. National parks are a main target area for REDD+. National parks in Indonesia have been suffering from forest destruction and conflicts between governments and local communities. This study investigated: (1) the historical process of developing the REDD+ project in collaboration with multiple stakeholders including government authorities, local NGOs, and local people; (2) the social and economic impacts of the REDD+ project on local people; and (3) the local awareness of and motivations to participate in the REDD+ project in Meru Betiri National Park in Indonesia. Interviews of stakeholders including village leaders, NGO staff, and park staff were conducted to obtain an overview of the REDD+ project in the national park. Interviews with a questionnaire were also conducted among randomly selected heads of households who participated or did not participate in the REDD+ project and lived adjacent to the national park. Our analysis revealed that participants in the project obtained the right to use illegally harvested bared lands for intercropping while planting trees to recover forest ecosystems inside the national park. This opportunity could have contributed to a drastic increase in income, particularly for economically disadvantaged people, and to the recovery of forest ecosystems. Although local people did not fully recognize the meaning of REDD+ or carbon credits, they were enthusiastic to join in managing and patrolling forests because of their satisfaction with the income generated by the national park. However, the challenge is how both the recovery of forests and income generation from the project can be maintained in a situation of insufficient funding from donors and unsettled arguments about the benefit of sharing carbon credits with local people.
Purification and Immobilization of the Recombinant Brassica oleracea Chlorophyllase 1 (BoCLH1) on DIAION®CR11 as Potential Biocatalyst for the Production of Chlorophyllide and Phytol
Authors: Chou Yi-Li , Ko Chia-Yun , Chen Long-Fang , Yen Chih-Chung , Shaw Jei-Fu
Published: February 2015

Recombinant Brassica oleracea chlorophyllase 1 (BoCLH1) with a protein molecular weight of 38.63 kDa was successfully expressed in E. coli and could catalyze chlorophyll (Chl) hydrolysis to chlorophyllide and phytol in vitro. In this study, we used DIAION®CR11, a highly porous cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene-based metal chelator, for purifying and immobilizing the poly (His)-tagged enzyme. The Cu(II) showed the highest protein adsorption (9.2 ± 0.43 mg/g gel) and enzyme activity (46.3 ± 3.14 U/g gel) for the immobilization of the poly (His)-tagged recombinant BoCLH1 compared with other metal chelators. Biochemical analysis of the immobilized enzyme showed higher chlorophyllase activity for Chl a hydrolysis in a weak base environment (pH 8.0), and activity above 70% was in a high-temperature environment, compared with the free enzyme. In addition, compared with free BoCLH1, the enzyme half-life (t1/2) of the immobilized BoCLH1 increased from 25.42 to 54.35 min (approximately two-fold) at 60 °C. The immobilized enzyme retained a residual activity of approximately 60% after 17 cycles in a repeated-batch operation. Therefore, DIAION®CR11Cu(II)-immobilized recombinant BoCLH1 can be repeatedly used to lower the cost and is potentially useful for the industrial production of chlorophyllide and phytol.
New Lower-Limb Gait Asymmetry Indices Based on a Depth Camera
Authors: Auvinet Edouard , Multon Franck , Meunier Jean
Published: February 2015

Background: Various asymmetry indices have been proposed to compare the spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic parameters of lower limbs during the gait cycle. However, these indices rely on gait measurement systems that are costly and generally require manual examination, calibration procedures and the precise placement of sensors/markers on the body of the patient. Methods: To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a new asymmetry index, which uses an inexpensive, easy-to-use and markerless depth camera (Microsoft Kinect™) output. This asymmetry index directly uses depth images provided by the Kinect™ without requiring joint localization. It is based on the longitudinal spatial difference between lower-limb movements during the gait cycle. To evaluate the relevance of this index, fifteen healthy subjects were tested on a treadmill walking normally and then via an artificially-induced gait asymmetry with a thick sole placed under one shoe. The gait movement was simultaneously recorded using a Kinect™ placed in front of the subject and a motion capture system. Results: The proposed longitudinal index distinguished asymmetrical gait (p < 0.001), while other symmetry indices based on spatiotemporal gait parameters failed using such Kinect™ skeleton measurements. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between this index measured by Kinect™ and the ground truth of this index measured by motion capture is 0.968. Conclusion: This gait asymmetry index measured with a Kinect™ is low cost, easy to use and is a promising development for clinical gait analysis.
Influence of grain size and composition, topology and excess free volume on the deformation behavior of Cu–Zr nanoglasses
Authors: Şopu Daniel , Albe Karsten
Published: February 2015

The influence of grain size and composition on the mechanical properties of Cu–Zr nanoglasses (NGs) is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations using two model glasses of different alloy composition, namely Cu64Zr36 (Cu-rich) and Cu36Zr64 (Zr-rich). When the grain size is increased, or the fraction of interfaces in these NGs is decreased, we find a transition from a homogeneous to an inhomogeneous plastic deformation, because the softer interfaces are promoting the formation shear transformation zones. In case of the Cu-rich system, shear localization at the interfaces is most pronounced, since both the topological order and free volume content of the interfaces are very different from the bulk phase. After thermal treatment the redistribution of free volume leads to a more homogenous deformation behavior. The deformation behavior of the softer Zr-rich nanoglass, in contrast, is only weakly affected by the presence of glass–glass interfaces, since the interfaces don’t show topological disorder. Our results provide clear evidence that the mechanical properties of metallic NGs can be systematically tuned by controlling the size and the chemical composition of the glassy nanograins.
L'impact du clown en milieu palliatif adulte
Authors: Grivel Nathalie , Gay Philippe
Published: February 2015

Cette étude pilote a pour but d’explorer dans quelle mesure une intervention clown permet d’améliorer les conditions de vie en institutions de soins palliatifs. Plus précisément, il est postulé que dans une offre en soins globale, telle que proposée aux patients atteints de maladies incurables, le clown et son univers poétique peuvent trouver place dans l’accompagnement. Suite à l’intervention d’un duo de clowns au sein d’une institution de soins palliatifs, sous forme de visites en chambre de patients, des résultats prometteurs confirment la pertinence de la démarche. Il a été révélé des patients moins angoissés, ayant pu se raconter, s’amuser, ainsi que se décentrer de leur maladie tout en étant reconnus dans leur vulnérabilité.
Un Français peut-il encore comprendre les philosophes d'outre-Manche ?
Authors: Mélès Baptiste , Vuillemin Jules
Published: February 2015

Dans une conférence prononcée à Oxford en 1966 ou 1967, Jules Vuillemin décrit l’état de la philosophie française contemporaine en l’opposant à la philosophie analytique anglaise. Afin de promouvoir l’usage de méthodes rigoureuses en philosophie, Vuillemin analyse la philosophie de Russell au moyen de la méthode de Martial Gueroult, pose le problème des relations entre abstraction et monde sensible et intervient dans la discussion de la théorie d’Austin par Benveniste.
Le Descartes de Jules Vuillemin et sa contribution à sa Philosophie de l'algèbre
Authors: Schwartz Élisabeth
Published: February 2015

Les deux ouvrages conjoints de 1960 et 1962, Mathématiques et métaphysique chez Descartes et La Philosophie de l’algèbre, marquent dans l’oeuvre de Vuillemin un tournant qui peut éclairer le sens philosophique de la classification des systèmes. Nous présentons successivement la contribution de ces ouvrages à la définition de la méthode dite génétique en philosophie, le nouvel arbitrage « structural » attendu entre les deux histoires des sciences et de la philosophie, le rodage de l’idée de classe de systèmes entre annonce et rejet de l’« intuitionnisme » ultérieur.
La classification cubique des systèmes philosophiques par Jules Vuillemin
Authors: Mélès Baptiste
Published: February 2015

Philosophe structural tout autant qu’historien structural de la philosophie, Jules Vuillemin fonde la classification des systèmes philosophiques sur une structure jumelle : la classification des formes de prédication. Essayant d’appliquer à l’œuvre de Vuillemin la méthode qu’il appliquait à ses objets d’étude, nous montrons que la structure de ces deux classifications peut être déduite de la combinaison de trois critères : le caractère intelligible ou sensible de l’objet, le caractère a priori ou a posteriori de la connaissance et le caractère objectif ou subjectif de l’état de choses décrit. La classification peut ainsi être décrite comme un tableau cubique contenant cinq systèmes cohérents et trois systèmes contradictoires.
Ortega y Gasset, lecteur de la philosophie diltheyenne de la vie
Authors: Bardet Anne
Published: February 2015

Cet article met en lumière la manière dont Ortega y Gasset a rendu hommage à la figure de Dilthey, pour avoir été, de manière encore hésitante et sans en mesurer toute la portée, le premier philosophe de la vie.Il montre comment le philosophe espagnol s’inspire et se réclame de la pensée diltheyenne de la vie, en soulignant que sa lecture des écrits de Dilthey constitue aussi une occasion, pour lui, de réaffirmer sa propre pensée de l’union indépassable entre vie et raison.
Qui est, dans le Deutéronome, le successeur de Moïse ?
Authors: Ska Jean-Louis
Published: February 2015

Quel statut accorder au dernier livre du Pentateuque ? L’A. rappelle les essais de définition d’un texte consacré tout entier aux dernières paroles de Moïse. Il rapproche ce « testament » du Traité de Vassalité du roi assyrien Esarhaddon destiné à assurer sa succession. Il répond alors à la question que pose la lecture du Deutéronome : qui est le successeur de Moïse ?
De vous à nous . Notre-Dame dans la Présentation de la Beauce à Notre-Dame de Chartres de Charles Péguy
Authors: Benoit Jean-Louis
Published: February 2015

La Présentation de la Beauce à Notre-Dame de Chartres est constituée par le récit du pèlerinage que Péguy a effectué à pied. Il reste fidèle à sa théologie de l’Incarnation où spirituel et charnel ne s’opposent pas. Le poème est marqué par une morale et une esthétique du sacrifice. Le poète vient offrir son amour interdit pour Blanche. Le choix du vers procède de ce même renoncement, source de beauté et de ferveur. Dans son invocation à la Vierge, par une longue prière litanique, le poète découvre sa voix : un nous lyrique qui associe le je poétique à beaucoup d’autres personnes, unies dans la même prière.
Benoît XVI : quels modèles pour une renonciation ?
Authors: Goudot Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2015

Par un acte sans précédent dans l’histoire bimillénaire de l’Église catholique, Benoît XVI a renoncé à la Papauté. Renoncé ? Et pourtant il demeure « pape émérite »… C’est toute l’ambiguïté et la richesse d’un geste qui sépare les « deux corps du pape » (le corps physique et le corps institutionnel) tout en reconnaissant qu’ils sont irréversiblement colorés l’un par l’autre, et qui sanctifie la papauté tout en la désacralisant. Entre présence et absence, « Benoît XVI » est encore un peu pape.
La réévaluation historique du quatrième évangile
Authors: Simoens Yves
Published: February 2015

Par son caractère théologique et spirituel, le quatrième évangile a souvent été considéré comme peu fiable du point de vue de la vraisemblance historique. Quelques péricopes représentatives contribuent à infirmer cette position en réhabilitant leur véracité historique. C’est à la condition pourtant de décloisonner le « croire » johannique et l’histoire. Le souci de centrer l’attention sur l’urgence de croire n’est pas en contradiction avec l’historicité. Il invite à prendre en compte le caractère historique de la foi. Dans l’évangile selon Jean, la foi se fait histoire et l’histoire est pénétrée par la foi des personnes et des communautés.
De Dieu et de son Christ comme êtres de promesse
Authors: Sonnet Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2015

La promesse scripturaire s’inscrit dans des structures anthropologiques et religieuses. Le récit de la Bible, toutefois, ose inverser la perspective et nous la faire aborder à partir de Dieu qui, le premier, promet, et de son Christ, qui promet de plus belle. La promesse n’est autre chose qu’une déclinaison de la bonté créatrice dans le temps, et notamment le temps messianique.
L'herméneutique de Paul Ricœur au service de l'exégèse contemporaine
Authors: Montavit Pascal
Published: February 2015

L’exégèse contemporaine s’est affranchie du primat accordé aux méthodes historico-critiques au xx e siècle en faisant cohabiter différentes approches qui s’enrichissent et se complètent. Cette pluralité n’évite cependant pas le piège d’une interprétation sans borne qui semble parfois manquer d’un cadre. L’herméneutique de Paul Ricœur permet de suppléer à ce manque en proposant des critères de discernement. Cette étude n’ignore pas cependant les limites de la pensée de Ricœur et met en exergue deux d’entre elles tout en proposant une direction pour les dépasser.
Le Christ musulman du Radd al-ğamīl attribué à al-Ġazālī
Authors: Pisani Emmanuel
Published: February 2015

Rédigée probablement par un converti copte du treizième siècle, la Réfutation de la divinité de Jésus-Christ a été faussement attribuée à l’éminent théologien de l’islam al-?az?l? (m.1111). Son originalité réside dans la reconnaissance intégrale des Écritures bibliques comme lieu de « correction » de la christologie chrétienne. L’article expose les arguments scripturaires névralgiques et souligne les faiblesses de l’argumentation. Plus fondamentalement, il conclut à l’existence de christologies au sein de l’islam et à la possibilité d’un renouvellement du dialogue théologique islamo-chrétien sur la base de la Bible et des traditions musulmanes.
Réformer la papauté pour servir l'unité entre les Églises
Authors: Legrand Hervé
Published: February 2015

Lorsque le pape François entreprend de réformer la Curie romaine et de revaloriser simultanément la collégialité épiscopale, il amorce du même coup une réforme de la papauté. La revitalisation de la corrélation traditionnelle entre le collège des évêques et la communion des Églises dispenserait la primauté romaine du gouvernement quotidien de toute l’Église — obstacle œcuménique considérable — et permettrait que son service soit mieux reconnu, comme le souhaitait déjà Jean-Paul II dans Ut unum sint .
Augustin de Joseph Malègue et la pensée de Maurice Blondel
Authors: Mosseray Geneviève
Published: February 2015

Cet article veut montrer que l’itinéraire du héros du livre de Malègue, qui perd sa foi chrétienne sous l’influence de la critique biblique, traverse une longue période d’agnosticisme puis renaît à la foi avec l’aide d’un ami prêtre, correspond point par point à l’article « Histoire et Dogme » de M. Blondel, dans lequel le philosophe montre les impasses de la pensée dans la crise moderniste, et le chemin pour les dépasser.
Les usages militaires de la carte, des premiers projets de croisade à Machiavel
Authors: Gautier Dalché Patrick
Published: February 2015

À partir des cartes elles-mêmes aussi bien que des discours qu’elles suscitent, l’article entend démontrer qu’il a existé une cartographie militaire au Moyen Âge. Grâce à la mise en parallèle de la réception du De re militari de Végèce et des premiers témoins de cartographie à fins militaires on est fondé à affirmer que l’idée d’utiliser la représentation figurée dans ce domaine apparut à la fin du xiii e  siècle. Par comparaison avec les cartes marines, des cartes terrestres furent considérées comme des outils aidant à surmonter les difficultés de la marche en campagne, et même à prévoir toutes les circonstances de l’exécution d’un plan stratégique. Par la suite, de nombreuses cartes ont pu avoir, parmi d’autres, des fonctions militaires. C’est dans l’Italie divisée en États indépendants et opposés en des guerres continuelles, et lors des guerres d’Italie qu’on aperçoit un usage plus systématique. Contrairement à ce qui est souvent affirmé, il n’est toutefois pas possible d’apercevoir dans ce processus une « révolution conceptuelle » provoquée par l’influence de la Géographie de Ptolémée traduite à Florence au début du xv e  siècle.
Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche au miroir des Nouvelles ecclésiastiques
Authors: Michaud Claude
Published: February 2015

L’impératrice Marie-Thérèse était-elle janséniste ? Le chantier du jansénisme tardif autrichien a été abondamment travaillé et nourri ; l’entourage immédiat de la souveraine, les influences qu’elle subit ou choisit, sont désormais bien connus et l’on sait mieux faire le partage dans le champ des réformes entre ce qui ressortit à sa volonté propre, à l’impatience du corégent Joseph II et à la détermination du chancelier Kaunitz. Le journal à peine clandestin des jansénistes, Les Nouvelles ecclésiastiques , enrôla Marie-Thérèse dans son combat contre la bulle Unigenitus , la casuistique et le probabilisme jésuites, et pour la défense de la « saine doctrine » et la propagation de la bonne littérature. En dépit du dessein d’ériger l’Impératrice en modèle du souverain éclairé par les lumières du catholicisme réformé, au prix de quelques embellissements et d’omissions volontaires, le journal ne put cacher des faiblesses qui n’auraient été que les effets d’éminentes qualités humaines. À cet égard, l’événement marquant de la suppression des jésuites fut un bon révélateur du combat que Marie-Thérèse dut livrer contre elle-même.
Le massacre des « empoisonneurs » à Paris au temps du choléra (1832)
Authors: Salomé Karine
Published: February 2015

En avril 1832, alors que l’épidémie de choléra touche Paris, plusieurs passants sont accusés d’être des empoisonneurs et sont massacrés par la foule. À travers cet événement, il s’agit de contribuer à une histoire de la violence extrême et d’étudier le processus complexe du recours à la violence. Le massacre s’inscrit dans un contexte particulier où la peur de l’épidémie et la crainte du complot, l’atmosphère d’excitation et de frénésie conduisent à la désignation d’un ennemi, à sa mise à l’écart, puis à sa mise à mort et à sa destruction selon des modalités héritées parfois des rituels d’Ancien Régime, mais qui rappellent aussi des violences commises pendant les Trois Glorieuses. Les contemporains peinent à comprendre ce déferlement de violence qui contribue à aggraver l’inquiétude que le peuple de Juillet suscite dès l’automne 1830 et s’emploient à occulter la gravité du massacre.
Être féministe en contexte colonial dans l'Algérie des années 1930. Les militantes de l'Union française pour le suffrage des femmes
Authors: Guiard Claudine
Published: February 2015

L’implantation d’associations féministes en Algérie coloniale fut tardive et de courte durée. Cet article cherche, à travers l’étude de la création, de l’essor et du déclin, en Algérie, d’une des principales associations féministes de tendance modérée, l’Union française pour le suffrage des femmes, à questionner le concept de féminisme dans une société coloniale établie en terre de civilisation arabo-musulmane. Sara Kimble et Jennifer Boittin ont mis en évidence, à partir d’articles du journal La Française et de la correspondance de Mme Brunschvicg, présidente de l’UFSF, les divergences existant entre Paris et Alger à propos de l’émancipation des femmes musulmanes, malgré la certitude de toutes les adhérentes de l’UFSF d’avoir une mission civilisatrice à remplir. L’étude du journal féministe algérois Femmes de Demain permet de compléter et de nuancer certaines de leurs conclusions. Des militantes d’Algérie étaient prêtes aussi, comme les métropolitaines, à revendiquer une amélioration du sort des femmes musulmanes. Toutefois, connaissant bien les mentalités en présence, elles mesuraient les difficultés mais aussi les limites d’une émancipation de type occidental en contexte colonial. Le genre était en effet une composante de la hiérarchie raciale coloniale, imbriqué dans l’ordre colonial. De ce fait, le féminisme constituait en Algérie un engagement bien plus complexe qu’en métropole. Aussi, le féminisme ne peut-il être analysé qu’au prisme du colonialisme.
Les deux activivités synthétiques de l'imagination : leur rôle dans la théorie kantienne de la sensibilité
Authors: Beydoun Zaki
Published: February 2015

Dans la théorie kantienne de la sensibilité, les activités synthétiques de l’imagination jouent un rôle essentiel. Il s’agit ici d’établir l’authenticité de la distinction kantienne entre deux activités synthétiques fondamentales, d’étudier leur rapport avec la sensibilité et d’éclairer ainsi le concept kantien de la réceptivité et la distinction entre sens interne et sens externe dans la terminologie kantienne.
L'esthétique pulsionnelle de Fichte comme théorie de l'auto-création
Authors: Derroitte Élise
Published: February 2015

Une relecture des lettres Sur l’esprit et la lettre en philosophie de 1795 permet de réévaluer le rôle de la pulsion esthétique comme agent d’historicisation du Moi. La méthode philosophique de la lettre, axée sur la réception passive d’un objet, s’oppose à celle de l’esprit qui s’intéresse à la relation pulsionnelle du sujet à son objet. Cette distinction s’articule sur la structure anthropologique de la pulsion fichtéenne qui différencie les pulsions théorique, pratique et esthétique. La pulsion esthétique joue une fonction primordiale dans le passage d’une activité idéelle du Moi à sa réalisation matérielle. Cette démonstration explique le rôle particulier de la création dans le système du jeune Fichte comme l’acte qui permet l’éveil de ces pulsions chez le récepteur ouvrant ainsi la voie à la formation de son esprit.
Intention of Nursing Students to Work in Geriatrics
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Danino Sharon , Freundlich Nelli , Barda Ayelet , Yosef Racheli Mor
Published: February 2015

The current study examined factors related to nursing students’ intention to work in geriatrics upon graduation. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. A random sample of 200 nursing students completed a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Participants expressed low intention to work in geriatrics upon graduation. Results of a multiple linear regression indicated that students’ attitudes toward working in geriatrics and normative and control beliefs were found to be predictors of this intention. Additionally, male and religious students were more inclined to work in geriatrics. The current study indicated that nursing students’ attitudes toward working in geriatrics were significantly predictive of their intention to work in this field upon graduation.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2015; 8(3):140–147.]
Gertrudis, Tula, La Peregrina y otras ficciones del yo
Authors: Salgado María A.
Published: February 2015

La Autobiografía, además de las cartas y los poemas de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, contienen varios retratos literarios personales en los que dejó plasmada una gama de versiones de sí misma. Este ensayo examina las varias posturas que adopta y su posible significación.
Aplicación web para el análisis y diseño de estructuras
Authors: Calvo J. , Gracia J. , Bayo E.
Published: February 2015

El «Cloud computing» describe un modelo innovador de prestación de servicios de forma centralizada usando Internet como medio de distribución. A día de hoy, el análisis de estructuras, que requiere grandes prestaciones de cálculo, no ha sido «migrado» al entorno de Internet, y suele ser desarrollado como software de escritorio en contra de la tendencia actual del mercado informático.

En este artículo se expone la arquitectura de una aplicación web para el análisis y diseño de estructuras, que consistirá en un paquete de servicios web como SaaS (Software as a Service) y estará compuesta por 4 módulos: un modelador 3D, un software de análisis, un software de diseño y un módulo CAD. También se exponen las herramientas actuales para su desarrollo como una aplicación integrada en el cloud.

Por último, se desarrolla una versión preliminar del módulo CAD que genera la documentación gráfica final en formato DXF.
Métodos para la determinación de la carga última en vigas de acero en I sometidas a una carga concentrada excéntrica
Authors: Šćepanović B. , Knežević M. , Lučić D.
Published: February 2015

Las pruebas experimentales muestran que la mayoría de vigas en I de acero cargadas excéntricamente tienen un modo de colapso muy diferente del de las vigas cargadas centradas. En cuanto a la práctica de ingeniería, la diferencia más importante entre los modos de colapso es la carga final. La reducción de la carga última con un aumento de la excentricidad de carga es evidente en algunas vigas cargadas excéntricamente, mientras que bajo ciertas circunstancias, para una determinada combinación de parámetros influyentes, las vigas cargadas excéntricamente se comportan como si se carga en el plano del alma, con ninguna reducción significativa en la carga última debido a la carga excéntrica. Se analizan dos métodos para la determinación de la carga máxima: expresiones matemáticas empíricas y redes neuronales artificiales. Los resultados de ambos procedimientos se comparan. Se dan recomendaciones para su aplicación en la práctica.
¿Cuál debería ser el nivel de sencillez ideal para un análisis no lineal de elementos en hormigón estructural?
Authors: Argirova G. , Fernández Ruiz M. , Muttoni A.
Published: February 2015

Este artículo discute sobre el nivel de sencillez ideal para un análisis no lineal de elementos de hormigón estructural. Los métodos de cálculo basados únicamente en condiciones de equilibrio (como los modelos de bielas-y-tirantes) no son siempre adecuados ya que el estado de fisuración del hormigón se considera a veces de una manera excesivamente simplificada. Los análisis no lineales complejos tampoco son siempre adecuados, ya que el número de parámetros requeridos, su definición y la sensibilidad de la respuesta del elemento a sus variaciones requieren una gran experiencia. Como alternativa, se presenta el método de los campos de tensiones elasto-plásticos. Este método se basa en la teoría de la plasticidad pero incorporando condiciones de compatibilidad. Los resultados son coherentes en términos de resistencia y de deformaciones. Además, sólo necesita la definición de dos parámetros mecánicos (módulo de elasticidad y resistencia plástica) que pueden ser fácilmente determinados por el proyectista.
Development of a Chinook Salmon Sex Identification SNP Assay Based on the Growth Hormone Pseudogene
Authors: Von Bargen Jennifer , Smith Christian T. , Rueth John
Published: February 2015

Genotypic sex identification assays can provide valuable information about fish populations when phenotypic sex determination is difficult. Here we describe the development of a TaqMan® assay (Ots_SexID) designed to identify the genotypic sex by targeting a region previously examined in the growth hormone pseudogene for winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected from the Sacramento River and spawned at the Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery. Accuracy of the marker was assessed by comparing genotypic sex assignments for Chinook salmon spawned at Livingston Stone National Fish hatchery in 2012 (n = 84) with phenotypic sex recorded during spawning. Genotypic sex was observed to be concordant with phenotypic sex identified using Ots_SexID in 83/84 individuals, suggesting that the assay could be used to predict phenotypic sex with ∼︀99% accuracy. To evaluate the utility of the TaqMan assay in other parts of the species’ range, we examined collections from 29 other populations ranging from Alaska to California. Genotypic sex assignments based on the assay were generally concordant with observed phenotypes, but there were some strong exceptions. These results suggest that the new assay will be very useful for Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon, but also highlight the importance of thoroughly testing any genotypic sex identification assay before application in a population of interest.
Simple, quick, and efficient implant placement jig
Authors: Pai Nikhil Narayan , Revankar Ameet V. , Patil Anand K.
Published: February 2015

Implants have become an inherent part of everyday orthodontic practice, but unlike prosthodontic implants, their placement and insertion into narrow interradicular spaces for orthodontic purposes remain a tricky and challenging part to most clinicians. An innovative and clinically useful method has been described here for safe and easy insertion of mini-implants.
Flexible bundles over rigid affine surfaces
Authors: Dubouloz Adrien
Published: February 2015

We construct a smooth rational affine surface

S

with finite automorphism group but with the property that the group of automorphisms of the cylinder

S \times \mathbb A^2

acts infinitely transitively on the complement of a closed subset of codimension at least two. Such a surface

S

is in particular rigid but not stably rigid with respect to the Makar–Limanov invariant.
Periodic billiard trajectories and Morse theory on loop spaces
Authors: Irie Kei
Published: February 2015

We study periodic billiard trajectories on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary by applying Morse theory to Lagrangian action functionals on the loop space of the manifold. Based on the approximation method proposed by Benci–Giannoni, we prove that nonvanishing of relative homology of a certain pair of loop spaces implies the existence of a periodic billiard trajectory. We also prove a parallel result for path spaces. We apply those results to show the existence of short billiard trajectories and short geodesic loops. Further, we recover two known results on the length of a shortest periodic billiard trajectory in a convex body: Ghomi’s inequality, and Brunn–Minkowski type inequality proposed by Artstein-Avidan–Ostrover.
First steps in stable Hamiltonian topology
Authors: Cieliebak Kai , Volkov Evgeny
Published: February 2015

In this paper we study topological properties of stable Hamiltonian structures. In particular, we prove the following results in dimension three: The space of stable Hamiltonian structures modulo homotopy is discrete; stable Hamiltonian structures are generically Morse-Bott (i.e. all closed orbits are Bott nondegenerate) but not Morse; the standard contact structure on

S^3

is homotopic to a stable Hamiltonian structure which cannot be embedded in

\mathbb R^4

. Moreover, we derive a structure theorem for stable Hamiltonian structures in dimension three, study sympectic cobordisms between stable Hamiltonian structures, and discuss implications for the foundations of symplectic field theory.
Robust optimality of Gaussian noise stability
Authors: Mossel Elchanan , Neeman Joe
Published: February 2015

We prove that under the Gaussian measure, half-spaces are uniquely the most noise stable sets. We also prove a quantitative version of uniqueness, showing that a set which is almost optimally noise stable must be close to a half-space. This extends a theorem of Borell, who proved the same result but without uniqueness, and it also answers a question of Ledoux, who asked whether it was possible to prove Borell’s theorem using a direct semigroup argument. Our quantitative uniqueness result has various applications in diverse fields.
A Turaev surface approach to Khovanov homology
Authors: Dasbach Oliver T. , Lowrance Adam M.
Published: February 2015

We introduce Khovanov homology for ribbon graphs and show that the Khovanov homology of a certain ribbon graph embedded on the Turaev surface of a link is isomorphic to the Khovanov homology of the link (after a grading shift). We also present a spanning quasi-tree model for the Khovanov homology of a ribbon graph.
A graphical construction of the sl(3) invariant for virtual knots
Authors: Kauffman Louis H. , Manturov Vassily O.
Published: February 2015

We construct a graph-valued analogue of the Homypt sl(3) invariant for virtual knots. The restriction of this invariant for classical knots coincides with the usual Homypt sl(3) invariant, and for virtual knots and graphs it provides new information that allows one to prove minimality theorems and to construct new invariants for free knots. A novel feature of this approach is that some knots are of sufficient complexity that they evaluate themselves in the sense that the invariant is the knot itself seen as a combinatorial structure.
Khovanov homology of a unicolored B-adequate link has a tail
Authors: Rozansky Lev
Published: February 2015

C. Armond [3] and S. Garoufalidis and T. Le [6] have shown that a unicolored Jones polynomial of a B-adequate link has a stable tail at large colors. We categorify this tail by showing that Khovanov homology of a unicolored link also has a stable tail, whose graded Euler characteristic coincides with the tail of the Jones polynomial.
Light-activated Bleaching: Effects on Surface Mineral change on Enamel
Authors: Piva Evandro , da Silva Adriana Fernandes , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Meereis Carine Tais Welter , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio
Published: February 2015

Aim

This study evaluated the in vitro effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) on surface enamel change when activated with different light curing units (LCUs).

Materials and methods

Enamel blocks (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were obtained from bovine incisors. The initial microhardness of the enamel was determined for each specimen. After this enamel blocks were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: Control, no bleaching procedure performed; HP – LCU, application of 35% HP gel without light activation; HP + QTH, application of 35% HP gel and light activation with a Quartz Tungsten-Halogen (QTH); and HP + Light Emitting Diode, application of 35% HP gel and light-activation with a LED. New microhardness measurements were obtained, immediately, 7 and 14 days after treatment. The percentage of surface mineral change was calculated according to the baseline and post-treatment microhardness values. Additionally, six samples from each group were randomly selected and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization. The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to detect differences between the three time periods, and an ANOVA and Tukey's test with a confidence level of 95%.

Results

There was no significant difference between the initial hardness values and hardness values after treatment in any of the groups or time periods (p > 0.05). No major surface alterations were detected with SEM when comparing control groups to those undergoing bleaching treatments.

Conclusion

The use of 35% HP in combination to QTH or LED light curing units LCU does not have detrimental effect on the enamel surface topography or in the mineral content, when compared with unbleached enamel or enamel submitted to 35% HP treatment alone.

How to cite this article

da Silva AF, Demarco FF, Meereis CTW, Cenci MS, Piva E. Light-activated Bleaching: Effects on Surface Mineral change on Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):567-572.
Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Nascimento Camila Almeida , Faria-Junior Norberto Batista , Faria Gisele , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria
Published: February 2015

Aim

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) alone or associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX against biofilm and planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [American type culture collection (ATCC) 29212].

Materials and methods

The solutions 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR, 2% CHX, 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR, 0.2% CTR, and QMiX were evaluated. E. faecalis biofilms were induced for 14 days on bovine dentin blocks. The irrigants were evaluated after contact with E. faecalis suspension and biofilm for 1 and 3 minutes. After that, serial decimal dilutions were made and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony-forming unit (CFU) 1 ml was determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance.

Results

All microorganisms were eliminated by direct contact of the irrigants with planktonic cells. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR were able to completely eliminate the microorganisms by direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm. CHX presented effectiveness similar to CHX + CTR CTR, and QMiX after 1 minute of contact and similar to NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR after 3 minutes (p > 0.05), but was unable to completely eliminate the microorganisms. CTR and QMiX did not differ from each other.

Conclusion

CTR addition to CHX and NaOCl solutions did not improve the antimicrobial activity against biofilm. All evaluated irrigants and associations presented activity against planktonic E. faecalis. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR eliminated biofilm after 1 and 3 minutes of direct contact.

Clinical relevance

Addition of CTR does not modify the antibiofilm effectiveness of CHX and NaOCl.

How to cite this article

Nascimento CA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria-Junior NB, Faria G, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus Faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):603-607.
Relationship between Oral Health Status and Hematological Values in Pediatric Leukemic Patients: An Evaluative Survey
Authors: Venkataraghavan Karthik , Majithia Udita
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and constitutes 30% of all childhood cancers. The leukemic condition itself and its therapy cause oral signs and symptoms with significant morbidity.

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to review the oral health status in children with leukemia and relate the gingival and periodontal findings to the changes in their hematological values.

Materials and method

The oral health status in 47 pediatric leukemic patients in the age group of 6 to 14 years was assessed using the dmft/DMFT index, OHI(S) index and modified gingival index (MGI). Their hematological reports on the day of examination were obtained. The patients were divided into three groups based on the status of treatment. The relation between the platelet count and the WBC count with the MGI score was checked.

Results

The highest dmf and DMF scores were seen in patients who were currently under treatment. Though an inverse relation was seen between the platelet count and the MGI score, a statistically significant value was not obtained.

Conclusion

A longitudinal follow-up of patients should be carried out in order to establish a relation between the hematological parameters and the gingival inflammation score.

How to cite this article

Venkataraghavan K, Majithia U, Choudhary P, Trivedi K, Shah S. Relationship between Oral Health Status and Hematological Values in Pediatric Leukemic Patients: An Evaluative Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15(5):614-617.
A Clinical Report of an Oral Lichen Planus associated to Epidermoid Carcinoma in Contact with Metallic Restorations
Authors: da Silva Regina Helena Barbosa Tavares , Paleari André Gustavo , de Assis Barros Brito Carolina , da Rocha José Francisco Santos Simões , Massucato Elaine Maria Sgavioli , Quishida Cristiane Campos Costa
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to relate the clinical case of a patient with oral lichen planus (OLP) and a history of epidermoid carcinoma associated with metallic restorations. The etiology of OLP is a mucocutaneous disease, which is poorly understood. Studies point to the potential of malignant transformation of OLP and its association with metallic restorations. The metallic restorations were replaced by crowns with a ceramic covering associated and osseointegrated implants in the edentulous areas. About 1 year later, it was observed a bilateral regression of the tongue lesions. The replacement of metallic restorations can contribute to improvement of OLP.

How to cite this article

Tavares da Silva RHB, Paleari AG, de Assis Barros Brito C, Rocha JFSS, Massucato EMS, Quishida CCC. A Clinical Report of an Oral Lichen Planus associated to Epidermoid Carcinoma in Contact with Metallic Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):651-653.