bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to write a good abstract for a biomedical paper
Authors: Hunt Mark Jeremy , Raflik Klaudia , Wesołowski Dawid , Sibilska Agata , Sakowska-Hunt Dorota Eliza
Published: March 2020

Although a relatively short text, the abstract of a paper summarizes the most important issues raised in the main text. The abstract is, at least initially, the key text on which journal editors, reviewers and eventually readers form their initial judgement on the overall quality of the full manuscript. Therefore, it is essential to execute this step of the writing process well. In this article, we discuss the purpose of an abstract, why it is important, and how to write a good abstract. Increasingly, journal abstracts are structured to follow the IMRAD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). We provide examples of well written and badly written abstracts, with explanatory notes, to help readers understand the key points that need to be addressed and mistakes that should be avoided. Since international abstracts are generally written in English, preparing an abstract can be especially challenging for researchers who are not native speakers of English. We close this article with general linguistic advice, paying particular attention to key terms and word choice than can meaningfully express an author’s intention in a concise way. The points raised in this article will help authors improve their scientific writing and enable their findings to be expressed with clarity.
Unmanned Vehicles and Safety in the Context of EU and Slovak Legislation
Authors: Mamojková Mária
Published: March 2020

The study which follows on findings from the scientific-research task named “Analysis of the use of unmanned airborne vehicles in selected Police Force services” conducted by the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava in cooperation with the Police Force Headquarters focuses on theoretical and application contexts of selected issues in regulation of unmanned vehicles within EU. The author closely examines the newly adopted drone legislation which affects the Slovak regulation. The author points out to EU regulation, drawing attention to her own findings determined by her own scientific and pedagogical activities, and presents her explanation of elements which may be considered the core elements of unmanned vehicles legislation.
Effects of Chemical Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Calotropis Gigantea Fiber-reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Biocomposites
Authors: SANJEEVI Sekar , AYYANAR Athijayamani , KALIMUTHU Ramanathan , SUSAIYAPPAN Sidhardhan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the effects of three different chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) composites reinforced with the Calotropis Gigantea Fibers (CGFs) were investigated based on the fiber content of the fibers. Composites were prepared by the untreated and treated fibers using the hand lay up technique and their mechanical properties were evaluated and compared. The results revealed that the composites show the greater mechanical properties at 40 wt.% for the untreated condition. Composites prepared with alkali treated fibers show the better mechanical properties as compared with the other treated fiber composites.
Study on Influence of Aggregate Combination and Inhibition Material ofAlkali-silica Reaction in Fully-Graded Concrete
Authors: CMSE C , YANG Huaquan , LI Zhen , RAO Meijuan , SHAO Xiaomei
Published: March 2020

The influences of aggregate combination and inhibitor additives on the Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) were studied in this research. A long-term alkali activity simulation of fully-graded concrete also was carried out. The results showed that replacement of artificial sandstone sand with artificial marble sand reduced the alkali activity expansion rate of the sandstone aggregate and effectively improved the inhibition effect of the aggregate when mixed with 35 % fly ash. Activated silica in the fly ash was crushed into particles and was mixed into each part of the concrete system. It transformed the limited parts into unlimited active centers. As a result, each center participated in the reaction and consumed the alkali. Inhibition of the ASR was effective when the fly-ash content of the ASR-1 was 15 %, while in the ASR-2, the fly-ash did not have a significant inhibition effect. During a long-term simulation, the expansion rate of theconcrete specimens after standard curing at 20 °C was higher than was the expansion rate after outdoor natural curing. The expansion rate of full sandstone concrete specimens was higher than was that of sandstone specimens that contained marble stone.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Reinforcing Steel Corrosion when Subjected to Both Chloride Attack and Mechanical Loading
Authors: SHEN Jiansheng , XU Yidong , FANG Jianke , CHEN Wei , JIN Ruoyu , ZHENG Yingying , MAO Jianghong , JIN Weiliang
Published: March 2020

This paper describes the corrosion process of reinforcing steel under both chloride attack and mechanical loading. Molecular dynamics simulation is adopted to investigate the evolution process of passive film and oxidation process of reinforcement. The mean square displacement and self-diffusion coefficient of O2 under different conditions are also obtained based on molecular dynamics simulation. It is shown that the present of chlorides can increase the energy of Fe atoms on the surface of Fe3O4 substrate, leading Fe atoms to separate from Fe3O4 easily and to get more chance to react with oxygen atoms. The interaction of chloride attack and mechanical loading can aggravate the damage of passive film on the surface of reinforcement and result in an increase of oxidation depth of Fe matrix. The coupled effects of chloride and static loading can accelerate the diffusion of O2 to the iron matrix, thus increasing the oxidation reaction between the iron matrix and O2.
Magnesium Salt Influenced Strength Behavior of Lime-Fly Ash Stabilized Fine Grained Soil
Authors: JIA Zhirong , FU Luxin , WANG Lizhi
Published: March 2020

The fine grained soil subgrade in coastal areas has the characteristics of high underground water level and serious salinization, and the lime-fly ash stabilized soil (LFSS) often used as the road base material. In order to study the effect of magnesium salt on the material strength, 5 % MgCl2 solution was used to simulate the groundwater magnesium salt environment, and specimens with 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 60 d and 90 d curing ages were tested in MgCl2 solution for 1 d, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d or 30 d. A controlled test was also conducted in purified water. Strength mechanism of LFSS was analyzed; SEM test was taken; and the influence mechanism of MgCl2 medium was analyzed. The results showed that MgCl2 medium, immersing time, and curing age have effects on compressive strength of LFSS. More specifically, although the early strength is low, the strength of LFSS maintains slow and steady growth from 7 d to 90 d. Long-term immersing in both MgCl2 solution and purified water will reduce the strength of LFSS, while the strength of specimen immersed in MgCl2 solution will decrease faster. Reactions between MgCl2 and LFSS destroyed the original gels and crystals, causing a negative impact on the strength of LFSS. However, with the test dose of MgCl2, the reduced strength of LFSS can still satisfy the sub-base requirement of second-class highway in China.
Optimization of Wear Behavior of DLC Coatings Through Optimization of Deposition Conditions
Authors: JEAN Ming-Der , LIU Cheng-Wu , YANG Pao-Hua , HO Wen-Hsien
Published: March 2020

Based on genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy neural network, a new method for the study of sputtering process is proposed in this paper. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited on SKD11 steel by magnetron sputtering. An orthogonal array design is implemented and the effects of control factors on surface properties of the coatings were systematically analyzed. The coating properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and wear volume surface performance of the Zr-doped DLC coatings was evaluated by a wear tests pin-on-disk tribometer. The Raman analyses showed that, at lower ID/IG ratio, a lower wear volume of the Zr-doped DLC coatings can be obtained. Scratch tests as well as Rockwell indentation tests revealed that the graded Zr-doped DLC structures efficiently provide better adhesive strength of DLC coatings. The results show that the wear behaviors of the DLC coatings can be improved by Zr-doping, which the Zr-doped DLC coatings exhibited promising tribological properties. Also, the predictive ability of the GA-ANFIS computations for the tribological behaviors of the Zr-DLC coatings within the experimental domains proved to be reliably obtained, where the forecasted values and experimental results are close.
Behavioral Analysis of Hydrogen in Metals under the Effect of H2S Corrosion Using a Layer-stripping Micro-hardness Technique
Authors: GU Lei , WANG Jing , LI Xiaoyang
Published: March 2020

In order to study the distribution behavior of hydrogen in metals under the condition of H2S corrosion, a layer-stripping micro-hardness test was designed to analyze the hydrogen distribution along the depth of hydrogen-charged 45 high-quality structural carbon steel at three different hydrogen sulfide concentrations and four corrosion periods in this study. The results show that there is a terminal solid solubility of hydrogen in the metal for hydrogen sulfide solutions over various concentrations and corrosion periods. A hydrogen-saturated layer is produced by hydrogen diffusing through the metal from an unsaturated state to a fully saturated state. The hydrogen-saturated layer is not affected by the concentration of the corrosion, but its thickness increases as the corrosion period increases. In this way, we established a new hydrogen diffusion model in metals.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyether Polyol Based on Epoxy Cyclohexane and Epichlorohydrin
Authors: ZHANG Jinjie , QI Yingping , QIAO Yinghua , SHEN Yongfeng , LI Hua
Published: March 2020

Epoxycyclohexane-epichlorohydrin polyether polyol was synthesized by using epoxy cyclohexane and epichlorohydrin as raw materials, glycerol as an initiator, dichloromethane as solvent and aluminum chloride as catalysis. The structure of the copolyether was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and its viscosity was determined. The results showed that the structure and viscosity properties of the products prepared by using aluminum chloride as the catalyst and the boron trifluoride diethyl ether catalyst were basically the same, but the aluminum chloride was more environmentally safe and lower in cost. At the same time, the polyurethane coating film prepared by using the copolyether synthesized by using aluminum chloride as a catalyst had excellent performance.
The Barkhausen Method to Investigate Powerful Processes during Action of Piezoelectric Igniters
Authors: ARDARAVIČIUS Linas , KERŠULIS Skirmantas , KIPRIJANOVIČ Oleg , ŠIMKEVIČIUS Česlovas , AŠMONTAS Steponas
Published: March 2020

The Barkhausen method is proposed to clarify the cause of radiation of electromagnetic (EM) pulses during high voltage pulse generation by piezoelectric igniters (PIs). Wide bandwidth of the experimental setup was narrowed for a simultaneous registration of electric and detected EM pulses by a two-channel oscilloscope. The PI was loaded on a high ohmic resistance and high voltage pulses of 8 – 17 kV amplitude and up to 150 ms in total duration were registered. These pulses contained a series of short pulses called Barkhausen type pulses. Duration of these pulses having the relatively high amplitude was 30 – 40 ns. The registration revealed that the radiating EM pulse series corresponded to Barkhausen type pulse series. Short non-radiating negative pulses appearing during the saturated voltage growth were also observed and they had relaxation tails. The analysis showed that the EM pulses are caused as a result of domain switching with high voltage spikes at the PZT cylinders bases, where high electric fields are created. The activity of these switchings weakens when the “age” of PIs increases. The non-radiated pulses resulted from fast internal screening processes in the volume of the cylinders, accompanied by the impact ionization. The increase of the saturation and PI’s “age” causes lengthening of the relaxation tails. The results of practical importance for PIs in monitoring systems are placed. It is concluded that the Barkhausen method in wideband configuration is a convenient experimental arrangement for investigation of powerful processes in ferro-piezoelectric ceramics.
Re-description and range extension of the Afrotropical mayfly Cloeon perkinsi (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Authors: Yanai Zohar , Graf Wolfram , Terefe Yonas , Sartori Michel , Gattolliat Jean-Luc
Published: March 2020

Cloeon perkinsi was described from South Africa in 1932 by Barnard. Despite being relatively common in Africa, it was mentioned in the literature quite rarely, and its known distribution to date includes most of sub-Saharan Africa. Material collected recently in Ethiopia, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen extends its distribution in East Africa, Arabian Peninsula and the Levant. We examined this material, and provide a re-description of adults (females and males) and nymphs of the species. It represents a much-needed urge mainly due to inconsistencies in literature reports regarding colouration, and sometimes incomplete morphological description of all stages. We demonstrate the intraspecific morphological variability that we have witnessed, and provide information regarding the range of habitats colonised by C. perkinsi. Based on geological and climatic history of the studied region, taken together with among countries genetic distances of the mitochondrial barcoding gene COI, we propose colonisation mechanisms for the north-easternmost limit of distribution. The fragmented distribution pattern of the species highlights the conservation importance of isolated aquatic habitats in the region, as well as current knowledge gaps.
Potencialidades del análisis de redes para el estudio de las migraciones
Authors: De Miguel Luken Verónica
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo examina las principales aportaciones realizadas a la investigación de la inmigración extranjera aplicando el análisis de redes sociales, fundamentalmente en el contexto español. Para ello, se emplea una doble perspectiva. Por un lado, se atiende a la aproximación metodológica particular utilizada en la recogida de datos y en las técnicas estadísticas usadas para su análisis. Por otro, se ubican los trabajos en los ejes temáticos principales identificados. Previamente, se contextualiza la cuestión en el debate más general sobre redes migratorias y capital social, se presentan algunos conceptos sobre el análisis de redes y se proporcionan algunas claves sobre la recogida de datos reticulares y las técnicas más apropiadas para su explotación. Por último, se sugieren las fortalezas de esta perspectiva metodológica y las limitaciones a las que se enfrenta su utilización.In this paper, the main contributions to the research on foreign migration through the application of social network analysis are examined, especially for the Spanish context. A dual perspective is used. On one hand, the focus is on the specific methodological approach applied for the data collection and the statistical techniques chosen for the analysis. On the other hand, the works are classified according to a proposed thematic division. Previously, the topic is framed in the more general debate about migration networks and social capital, some concepts on network analysis are introduced and some key facts about network data collection and the appropriate techniques for their exploitation are discussed. Finally, the strengths and the limitations of this methodological approach are suggested.
La nulidad por infracción del Derecho de la Competencia: Sobre la necesaria revisión de la práctica jurisprudencial española
Authors: Martí Miravalls Jaume
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo pretende establecer las conexiones existentes entre el Derecho de la Competencia, el Derecho de Daños y el Derecho Contractual a partir de la nulidad por infracción del Derecho antitrust. Su finalidad es exponerlas de un modo sistemático, tratando de destacar ciertas contradicciones existentes actualmente en la práctica jurisprudencial española, contribuyendo a deshacer la “tensión” jurisprudencialmente creada entre estos importantes sectores del ordenamiento jurídico económico.The present work tries to establish the existing connections between the Competition Law, the Tort Law and the Contractual Law from the nullity by infringement of the Antitrust Law. Its purpose is to expose them in a systematic way, trying to highlight certain contradictions currently existing in Spanish jurisprudential practice, contributing to undo the jurisprudentially created “tension” between these important sectors of the economic legal system.
Precedentes de derechos sociales en España en el siglo XVI
Authors: Alonso Seco José María
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analizan las tesis doctrinales sobre atención a los pobres de tres españoles del siglo XVI, Juan Luis Vives, Domingo de Soto y Juan de Robles. Aunque con ellos no aparecieron los derechos sociales tal como se entienden en la actualidad, puede decirse que diseñaron los principios básicos que los sustentan: libertad individual, igualdad, respeto a la dignidad humana del pobre e intervención de los poderes públicos. Se examina también el contexto ideológico en el que nacen sus distintas posturas. In this article, we analyse the seminal work on the care of the poor of three Spanish thinkers from the 16th century; Juan Luis Vives, Domingo de Soto, and Juan de Robles. Although the concept of “social rights”, as we understand it today, was not explicitly developed in their work, it could be argued that all three authors designed the basic principles underlying the concept of social rights: individual freedom, equality, respect for the human dignity of the poor, and State intervention. We also discuss the ideological context in which the authors developed their work.
La adopción de la criatura por nacer en Ecuador. Un estudio del interés superior del niño y su derecho a la familia
Authors: Mena Mena Mayra Cristina , Espíndola Cáceres Estefanía
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar parámetros doctrinarios y jurídicos para la regulación de la adopción de la criatura por nacer en Ecuador, visibilizando la problemática de progenitores que por diversas circunstancias desean entregar voluntariamente al que está por nacer, por encontrarse en situaciones de vida adversas de acuerdo a parámetros legales para que otras personas o el estado cuiden de él en apego al Principio del Interés Superior del niño. El estado ecuatoriano prohíbe esta modalidad de adopción, se toma como referente regional a Chile que posee esta figura jurídica para evitar que los derechos de la infancia sean vulnerados al nacer y ser institucionalizados en larga espera de una familia con fundamento basado en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos y más instrumentos internacionales de protección de derechos, que reconocen el formar parte de una familia como derecho humano. Mediante un enfoque exploratorio a través de revisión de literatura especializada, normativas legales nacionales e internacionales, se justifica que la adopción en Ecuador como institución jurídica necesita una revisión profunda, por lo tanto, se pretende fortalecer los derechos del que está por nacer a través de lo propuesto.The objective of this research is to identify doctrinal and legal parameters for the regulation of the adoption of the unborn child in Ecuador, putting on discussion the problematic about the parents who wish to voluntarily give the unborn child to others as a result of an adverse life situation according to legal parameters. Therefore, the other people or the state would take care of him or she in accordance with the Principle of the Superior Interest of the child. The Ecuadorian state rejects this form of adoption, taking as a regional reference to Chile that has this legal status in order to prevent the violation of the children rights at birth and be institutionalized in a long wait for a family based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and more international instruments for the protection of rights, which recognize as a human right being part of a family. Through an exploratory approach and analyzing specialized literature, national and international legal regulations it is very clear that the adoption in Ecuador as a legal institution needs a profound revision. Therefore, is intended to strengthen the rights of the unborn child through the proposed.
La aplicación de oficio de la extinción por prescripción de la responsabilidad dimanante de la infracción tributaria
Authors: Pérez Jordá Iván
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo se analiza detenidamente dos delos efectos de la prescripción  de la responsabilidad infractora, como son su aplicación de oficio y su irrenunciabilidad.This paper analyses two effects of penalizing liabilities tax expiration such as its ex officio application and its irrevocable.
A vueltas (criticas) con el “interés casacional” contencioso-administrativo
Authors: Sánchez Álvarez Eduardo
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se propone el estudio de un concepto jurídico que ahora se ha relanzado especialmente en la normación contencioso-administrativa del recurso de casación, el denominado “interés casacional”. Se trata, desde su vigente análisis en la Ley procesal de ese orden jurisdiccional, de extraer con espíritu crítico consecuencias del diseño implementado y los efectos que provoca a partir de la revolucionaria modificación que propicia en ese ámbito. Asimismo, se busca estudiar cuál es el contenido de ese mismo concepto en la Ley procesal civil, para testar si es análogo o dispar con el que se formula en el orden contencioso-administrativo. Por fin, también se quiere analizar si en el orden contencioso-administrativo se ha implementado legislativamente un mecanismo institucionalizado de diálogo judicial entre los órganos a quo y ad quem en la tramitación de la casación y, en caso afirmativo, su alcance.This paper proposes the study of a legal concept that has now been revived especially in the contentious-administrative norm of the cassation appeal, called “cassation interest”. From its current analysis in the Procedural Law of this jurisdictional order, it is necessary to extract with a critical spirit the consequences of the design implemented and the effects that it causes from the revolutionary modification that it promotes in this area. It is also intended to study the content of the same concept in the Civil Procedure Act, to determine whether it is analogous or inconsistent with the one formulated in the contentious-administrative order. Finally, we also want to analyze if in the contentious-administrative order a mechanism institutionalized judicial dialogue between the organs a quo and ad quem has been implemented legislatively in the processing of the cassation and, if yes, its scope.
Protección de datos y privacidad. Estudio comparado del concepto y su desarrollo entre la Unión Europea y Estados Unidos
Authors: Sobrino García Itziar
Published: March 2020

En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis del concepto legal de protección datos tanto a nivel normativo en la Unión Europa como en Estados Unidos, al igual que una breve visión de su evolución legislativa. El largo desarrollo teórico y normativo que ha habido en la Unión Europea deja entrever la importancia de la identidad digital de sus ciudadanos, mientras que la legislación norteamericana, más esparcida y sectorial, revela la fuerza que otorga al libre flujo de datos entre las entidades mercantiles. La importancia del presente estudio reside en que la comprensión de la concepción sobre la protección de datos en ambos sistemas, permitirá tener una mejor perspectiva sobre las debilidades y fortalezas que puedan existir en los acuerdos entre la Unión Europea y EE. UU. In the present study, an analysis of data protection as a legal concept is carried out in the European Union and in the United States, as well as a brief overview of its legislative evolution. The theoretical and normative development that has taken place in the European Union reveals the importance of the digital identity of its citizens. Nevertheless, due to the characteristics of the American legislation, the free flow of data between entities has more strength. The importance of this study lies in the fact that the understanding of the data protection concept in both systems will allow us to have a better perspective on the weaknesses and strengths that may exist in the agreements for the transfer of personal data between the European Union and the USA.
Reproductive phenology of Euterpe edulis Mart. in two altitudinal classes in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: Tres Andressa , Tetto Alexandre França , Milani Jaçanan Eloisa de Freitas , Seger Celso Darci , Wendling William Thomaz , Pajewski Franciane Feltz , Dickel Gabrieli
Published: March 2020

Euterpe edulis Mart. is an endangered palm tree. This species is of high ecological importance because it produces flowers and fruits in large quantities for pollinators and dispersers. Phenological studies help to understand the periods of availability of these resources, as well as allowing relating the species reproductive cycles with environmental variables such as altitude, precipitation, temperatures and relative humidity. Knowing that altitude influences meteorological variables, this study aimed to follow the reproductive phenology of E. edulis in two altitudinal classes and to verify if there is a difference in the phenological pattern due to the altitudinal difference. The study was conducted in Salto Morato Nature Reserve, a protected area located in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, more specifically, in the city of Guaraqueçaba, Paraná state. Monthly activity and intensity data were collected for the following phenophases: flowering, aborted bunches, immature fruits, green fruits and ripe fruits. Meteorological stations collected hourly temperature and relative humidity data on the altitudinal classes. Meteorological and phenology intensity data were correlated by Spearman correlation. There was a delay in the onset of phenophases in class II (200 to 400 m a.s.l) compared with class I (20 to 100 m a.s.l). In both altitude classes, ripe fruits were negatively correlated with temperature, indicating that they are available in a period of scarce forest resources. However, the amount of months that ripe fruits were available was different for each altitudinal class. We conclude that altitude influences the reproductive phenology of E. edulis, making this species even more important for feeding the fauna.
Importância do açaí na renda mensal da comunidade quilombola Murumuru em Santarém, Pará
Authors: Ximenes Lucas Cunha , Gama João Ricardo Vasconcellos , Bezerra Talita Godinho , Cruz Girlene da Silva
Published: March 2020

O açaí destaca-se como um dos Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNMs) mais importantes na região amazônica, por possuir um grande potencial agronômico, tecnológico, nutricional e econômico. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a importância da comercialização do açaí na renda mensal dos moradores da comunidade quilombola Murumuru em Santarém, Pará. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas com os atores envolvidos na cadeia produtiva do açaí na comunidade Murumuru. Os entrevistados foram selecionados por meio da técnica 'bola de neve'. Como a coleta dos dados foi realizada em 2012, os valores em R$ (reais) informados pelos entrevistados foram corrigidos e convertidos para dólares americanos (US$). A atividade de açaí contribui na renda dos quilombolas com US$ 294,94, contra US$ 292,89 dos comunitários que recebem salários; US$ 124,08 dos comunitários que trabalham com pesca; US$ 69,15 dos que recebem bolsa do governo; e US$ 29,15 dos que se encaixam no grupo 'outros', que engloba tanto quem trabalha com artesanato quanto com serviços de diarista; além de US$ 58,21, US$ 19,06 e US$ 33,70 para os que trabalham com taberna, pensão e pecuária, respectivamente. A atividade de açaí gera maior renda familiar mensal em relação às demais atividades remuneradas. Os quilombolas na comunidade Murumuru que comercializam os frutos de açaí in natura possuem maior renda com esta atividade do que aqueles que comercializam a polpa de açaí.
Creating and Managing a Repository of Past Exam Papers
Authors: Maistrovskaya Mariya , Wang Rachel
Published: March 2020

Exam period can be a stressful time for students, and having examples of past papers to help prepare for the tests can be extremely helpful. It is possible that past exams are already shared on your campus—by professors in their specific courses, via student unions or groups, or between individual students. In this article, we will go over the workflows and infrastructure to support systematically collecting, providing access to, and managing a repository of past exam papers. We will discuss platform-agnostic considerations of opt-in vs opt-out submission, access restriction, discovery, retention schedules, and more. Finally, we will share the University of Toronto set up, including a dedicated instance of DSpace, batch metadata creation and ingest scripts, and our submission and retention workflows that take into account the varying needs of stakeholders across our three campuses.
Google Us!
Authors: Knox Sheryl , Smiley Trenton
Published: March 2020

Capital Area District Libraries enrolled in Googe Ad Grants in 2018 and receives up to $10,000 of in-kind Google Ads each month. This article describes how we obtained the grant, the campaigns we've developed, and the impact it has made on visits to our online branch.
Framework for Member Success
Authors: Morton-Owens Emily
Published: March 2020

Our organization and governance (our committees, offices, processes, etc.) play a major role in what it is like to be a member. For those of us who are most involved in ALA and LITA, the organization may be familiar and supportive. But for new members looking for a foothold, or library workers who don’t see themselves in our association, our organization may look like a barrier. Moreover, many of our financial challenges are connected to our organization. The organization must evolve, but we must achieve this without losing what makes us loyal members.
Investigation of The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Different Toothpastes: In-Vivo Study
Authors: KORUYUCU Mine , BİRANT Sinem , TOPÇUOĞLU Nursen , KULEKCİ Güven , SEYMEN Figen
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to compare the
clinical, antibacterial and microbiological effects of the non-fluoride and
fluoride toothpastes.

Materials and Methods: In
this study eighty children (3 to 12 years old) were divided into four groups
and followed for four weeks. First and second groups (40 children, 6-12 years)
used different fluoride toothpastes; third and fourth groups (40 children, 3-5
years) used nonfluoride toothpastes. The halitosis score,
plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, buffering capacities,
Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and
yeast counts were recorded on 1st day, 7th
day, 15th day and 30th day. First and second
group; third and fourth group were compared with each other. Data were analyzed
statistically by using Mann Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon Sign Test, Fisher Freeman
Halton Exact Test and Mc Nemar Test with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results:
Statistically significant association was not found in the mean scores of
halitosis, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding index, buffering capacity, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and
yeast (p>0.05), between groups on first day. All four
toothpastes produced statistically significant reductions from 1st day to 30th
days in scores of halitosis, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index and buffering
capacity (p<0.01; p<0.05), within groups. Statistically significant
reductions was found according to in Mutans Streptococci, counts
from 1st day to 30th day for group 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05); but was not found
statistically significant changes in group 4 on the 30th days(p>0.05).

Conclusion:
All tested toothpastes proved to be safe and
significantly effective clinical and microbiological features.
Evaluation of Long-Term Results of Two Different Calcium Silicate Based Materials in Primary Molar Teeth Vital Pulpotomies: An Invivo Study
Authors: ÖZNURHAN Fatih , KAYABASI Mevlüt , KESKUS Busra
Published: March 2020

Aim:
Pulpotomy is one of the pulp therapy for
cariously exposed pulps in primary molar teeth. There are several materials
that allows regeneration of the residual pulp. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the efficacy of two different calcium silicate based materials
(ProRoot MTA, BIOfactor MTA) in primary molar teeth vital pulpotomies. Materials
and Methods: A total of 12 children (24 human mandibulary primary second molar
teeth) aged between 6 and 9 years were selected in this randomized clinical
study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive the pulpotomy
medicaments. All pulpotomized teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns
and evaluated clinically and radiologically at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.
Statistical analysis using chi-square test was performed to determine the
significant differences between two materials. Results: Neither clinical
nor radiographical differences were seen in 1st, 3rd and 6th months but in 12th
month ProRoot MTA showed statistically better results in clinical evaluation
(p=0,047). Conclusion: Both two calcium
silicate based materials showed similar clinical and radiographical
results by the end of 6th month but ProRoot MTA showed better results at the
end of 12th month.
Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia (TUGSE)-A Precursor of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Authors: KUMAR Mathangi , VİNEETHA Ravindranath , M PAİ Keerthilatha , T KAMATH Abhay , CHANDRASHEKAR Chetana
Published: March 2020

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is a
benign, chronic, reactive, self-healing lesion. It is composed of abundant
eosinophils and small lymphocytes. Several studies have shown varying observations on the relation of
tissue eosinophilia with the prognosis of oral cancer. Here, we present
a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with a non-healing ulcer on the
lateral border of tongue, which was suggestive of TUGSE on histopathological
examination. Patient was kept on strict monthly follow up and the second
re-biopsy was suggestive of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
Literature does not support the transformation of TUGSE to oral squamous cell
carcinoma; however, our experience suggests a close vigilance of such lesions
due to its high clinical resemblance to malignancy. Hence, repeat biopsies on
regular basis is mandatory in cases where the clinical picture is highly
suspicious.
Unusual Appearance of Multiple Exostosis: Case Report
Authors: ZAMBRANO Livia , ARİSTİZABAL David , ARRİOLA Luis , RODRİGUEZ Yalil , ALİAGA Aron , GUERRERO Maria Eugenia
Published: March 2020

Unilateral mandibular bone exostosis located in the buccal region is a rare condition. A 25-year-old female, who presented unilateral mandibular bone exostosis whose clinical diagnosis was confirmed using cone beam computed tomography. Additionally, a nodular torus palatinus was foud in the midline of the palate. Wear faces in the vestibular cusps of 46 as well as the thickening of the periodontal ligament space were present. Both are signs of occlusal trauma. The presence of mandibular tori could indicate other underlying conditions such as the presence of parafunctional activity or systemic health conditions. Mandibular exostosis can remain for life without needing to be surgically removed unless it compromises the prosthetic rehabilitation.
Technical inspection of vehicles in order to eliminate JACKKNIFE accidents
Authors: Drašković Danislav , Vujinović Tomislav , Karadžić Radoje , Davidović Jovo
Published: March 2020

Traffic accidents involving articulated vehicles are characterized by severe consequences and great material damage. Particularly accidents involving articulated vehicles such as tractors with semi-trailers have these aforementioned characteristics. In a large number of accidents involving these vehicles, the main cause of the accident is the human factor, while in others it may be caused by technical failure on the tractor or semi-trailer, road conditions, unfavorable road characteristics, etc., or a combination of several conditions. According to the NHTSA data, about 6 million traffic accidents occur in the United States annually. Heavy goods vehicles are involved in about 10% of all accidents, of which more than 50% of accidents involve tractors with semi-trailers. Accidents involving tractors are caused by technical failure on vehicles in more than 30% of cases, which is significantly higher than in traffic accidents involving other types of vehicles. The most common form of these traffic accidents is a semi-trailer skid, also called jackknifing. This paper explains the most common causes of jackknife accidents, as well as the phenomenon that is closely related to this type of accident, which in theory is called trailer swing. Special emphasis is given to the methodology of technical inspection of vehicles as a factor of preventive actions in order to eliminate technical malfunction of articulated vehicles as the cause of the destabilization of tractors or semi-trailers.
Indoor Microbiological air Pollution in the Hospital
Authors: Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana , Ilić Predrag , Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman
Published: March 2020

Microorganisms in the air of occupational indoor environments are associated with a wide range of adverse health effects with major public health impact. The aim of this study was testing the presence of microbiological parameters (bacteria and fungi) and microclimatic parameters (temperature and relative humidity) in the clinical hospital “St. Luke the Apostle” in Doboj, which is located in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Concentrations of bacteria ranged from 35 CFU/m3 to 6,295 CFU/m3. Maximum fungal concentration was 1,135 CFU/m3, while the minimum was 10 CFU/m3. The average levels of bacteria (1,113 CFU/m3) and fungi (186 CFU/m3) indicated that all hospital rooms were generally contaminated. Statistical analysis confirmed direct connection between the number of bacteria, fungi and microclimatic parameters, especially relative humidity.
Paths and prospects of maintaining public order on the local level: search for consensus (philosophical-legal aspect)
Authors: Naval'nyi Sergei Viktorovich , Shitova Tat'yana Viktorovna , Plisova Vladlena Vasil'evna
Published: March 2020

The problems related to development of public order and legal order are fundamental in the theory of law and largely carry a polemical character. Juridical science gives detailed attention to revelation of the essence and categorical analysis of this institution. The theoretical-legal substantiation of its functionality in the conditions of advancement of local self-governance is developed to a much lesser degree. This article analyzes the views of researchers on the representational nature of public order, determines its place within the system of local self-governance, expounds the significance in part of new approaches, including the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The authors prove that public order is ensured by sustainable functionality of regulatory mechanisms that involve social structures. The role of the forming civil society is also significant in this regard. The articlegives assessment the state of public order, and demonstrates that it represents a dynamically developing state legal institution. The conclusion is substantiated that the need for protection of public order stems from its consistent social value for society as a whole. This contains the possibilities for controlling anarchy, mitigation of egoistic intentions of individuals, and retention of manageability by the state. Control of negative phenomena in the process of social development is capable of ensuring society from internal collapse.
Modernization of the institution of government control of entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Aganina Renata Nadimovna , Andronova Tat'yana Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

This article presents modern vectors of reforming the institution of government control of entrepreneurial activity. The work touches on the questions of implementation of the mechanism of “regulatory guillotine”. Analysis is conducted on separate aspects of the legislative bill No.850621-7 “On Government Control (Supervision and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation”. The work illustrates with examples from case law the problematic of requirements set for the subjects of entrepreneurial activity. It reflects the dynamics of legislative initiative in the area of improvements to the institution of government control of entrepreneurial activity. The authors signify the positions of scientific and entrepreneurial communities on this topic. The article employs general scientific methods, analysis, and logical methods of cognition, as well as private scientific research methods (formal-legal, comparative-legal). The key conclusions of this research consist in clarification of the main principles of government control, need for information and digital support of entrepreneurs within the framework of government control; specification of preventative measures in carrying out government control; criticism of implementation of insurance mechanisms as an alternative to supervisory measures.
Coordinated hedgehog signaling induces new hair follicles in adult skin
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Are Alexandra , Annusver Karl , Sivan Unnikrishnan , Jacob Tina , Dalessandri Tim , Joost Simon , Füllgrabe Anja , Gerling Marco , Kasper Maria
Published: March 2020

Hair follicle (HF) development is orchestrated by coordinated signals from adjacent epithelial and mesenchymal cells. In humans this process only occurs during embryogenesis and viable strategies to induce new HFs in adult skin are lacking. Here, we reveal that activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in adjacent epithelial and stromal cells induces new HFs in adult, unwounded dorsal mouse skin. Formation of de novo HFs recapitulated embryonic HF development, and mature follicles produced hair co-occurring with epithelial tumors. In contrast, Hh-pathway activation in epithelial or stromal cells alone resulted in tumor formation or stromal cell condensation respectively, without induction of new HFs. Provocatively, adjacent epithelial-stromal Hh-pathway activation induced de novo HFs also in hairless paw skin, divorced from confounding effects of pre-existing niche signals in haired skin. Altogether, cell-type-specific modulation of a single pathway is sufficient to reactivate embryonic programs in adult tissues, thereby inducing complex epithelial structures even without wounding.
Molecular basis for catabolism of the abundant metabolite trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by a microbial glycyl radical enzyme
Authors: Backman Lindsey RF , Huang Yolanda Y , Andorfer Mary C , Gold Brian , Raines Ronald T , Balskus Emily P , Drennan Catherine L
Published: March 2020

The glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) superfamily utilizes a glycyl radical cofactor to catalyze difficult chemical reactions in a variety of anaerobic microbial metabolic pathways. Recently, a GRE, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp) dehydratase (HypD), was discovered that catalyzes the dehydration of Hyp to (S)-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C). This enzyme is abundant in the human gut microbiome and also present in prominent bacterial pathogens. However, we lack an understanding of how HypD performs its unusual chemistry. Here, we have solved the crystal structure of HypD from the pathogen Clostridioides difficile with Hyp bound in the active site. Biochemical studies have led to the identification of key catalytic residues and have provided insight into the radical mechanism of Hyp dehydration.
Chemoptogenetic ablation of neuronal mitochondria in vivo with spatiotemporal precision and controllable severity
Authors: Xie Wenting , Jiao Binxuan , Bai Qing , Ilin Vladimir A , Sun Ming , Burton Charles E , Kolodieznyi Dmytro , Calderon Michael J , Stolz Donna B , Opresko Patricia L , St Croix Claudette M , Watkins Simon , Van Houten Bennett , Bruchez Marcel P , Burton Edward A
Published: March 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases, but elucidation of underlying mechanisms is limited experimentally by the inability to damage specific mitochondria in defined neuronal groups. We developed a precision chemoptogenetic approach to target neuronal mitochondria in the intact nervous system in vivo. MG2I, a chemical fluorogen, produces singlet oxygen when bound to the fluorogen-activating protein dL5** and exposed to far-red light. Transgenic zebrafish expressing dL5** within neuronal mitochondria showed dramatic MG2I- and light-dependent neurobehavioral deficits, caused by neuronal bioenergetic crisis and acute neuronal depolarization. These abnormalities resulted from loss of neuronal respiration, associated with mitochondrial fragmentation, swelling and elimination of cristae. Remaining cellular ultrastructure was preserved initially, but cellular pathology downstream of mitochondrial damage eventually culminated in neuronal death. Our work provides powerful new chemoptogenetic tools for investigating mitochondrial homeostasis and pathophysiology and shows a direct relationship between mitochondrial function, neuronal biogenetics and whole-animal behavior.
Impact of community piped water coverage on re-infection with urogenital schistosomiasis in rural South Africa
Authors: Mogeni Polycarp , Vandormael Alain , Cuadros Diego , Appleton Christopher , Tanser Frank
Published: March 2020

Previously, we demonstrated that coverage of piped water in the seven years preceding a parasitological survey was strongly predictive of Schistosomiasis haematobium infection in a nested cohort of 1976 primary school children (Tanser, 2018). Here, we report on the prospective follow up of infected members of this nested cohort (N = 333) for two successive rounds following treatment. Using a negative binomial regression fitted to egg count data, we found that every percentage point increase in piped water coverage was associated with 4.4% decline in intensity of re-infection (incidence rate ratio = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98, p=0.004) among the treated children. We therefore provide further compelling evidence in support of the scaleup of piped water as an effective control strategy against Schistosoma haematobium transmission.
Genusvariasjon i norsk skriftspråk
Authors: Conzett Philipp
Published: March 2020

Denne rapporten har sitt utspring i eit oppdrag ifrå Språkrådet om å kartleggja genusvariasjon i bokmål og nynorsk. Bakgrunnen for oppdraget og omgrepsavklåringar er tema for kapittel 1. I andre kapittelet gjer eg greie for materialet og for korleis eg har samla det inn og handsama det. Hovudfunna ifrå undersøkinga er presenterte i kapittel 3. Til slutt kjem eg med nokre tilrådingar i kapittel 4.
Dette er ein revidert og utvida versjon av rapporten med same tittelen ifrå 2017 (sjå https://doi.org/10.7557/sr.2017.1).