bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vivência/perejivânie como unidade dinâmica da consciência: articulação de compreensões à luz do sistema teórico de Vigotski
Authors: Raboud M. de Andrade Leticia , Campos Herculano Ricardo
Published: June 2024

O conceito de vivência na teoria de Vigotski se destaca pela importância de suas articulações ao sistema teórico do autor. No entanto, encontra desafios no seu entendimento e integração diante das dificuldades de tradução, plurissignificação na língua e cultura russas, bem como na obra de Vigotski, multiplicidade de articulações à teoria e crescente interesse dos pesquisadores sobre o tema, contribuindo para um cenário de compreensões fragmentadas e parciais, ressaltando sua necessidade de integração. O artigo visa a articular e discutir a compreensão do conceito de vivência como unidade dinâmica da consciência com base em trabalhos que se debruçam sobre o tema, avançando na sua compreensão.
Currículo de História e disputa de poder: as narrativas sobre a ditadura pós-1964 em duas coleções didáticas
Authors: Lima Kallás Ana
Published: June 2024

O artigo trata da constituição do conhecimento histórico escolar acerca do passado ditatorial pós-1964 em duas coleções de livros didáticos que surgiram nos anos 1980 e 2010, respectivamente, “História da Sociedade Brasileira” de Alencar, Ramalho e Ribeiro e “História” de Vainfas, Faria, Ferreira e Santos. Considerando a especificidade do conhecimento histórico escolar e suas relações com o conhecimento acadêmico, com a memória e com a história pública, atentaremos aqui para a centralidade do livro didático (LD) na constituição do saber escolar e na sedimentação de memórias acerca de nosso passado recente.
Da abertura às Diretas: movimento de massa e modernização conservadora no Brasil
Authors: Andrada Leonardo
Published: June 2024

Na discussão teórica sobre a formação social brasileira, é frequente a referência ao caráter conservador de sua modernização. Uma qualificação que, por diferentes conceitos, caracteriza o processo como controlado pelo alto, através de um pacto entre grupos dominantes para garantir a exclusão do povo dos processos políticos. Este trabalho analisa o processo político da transição democrática e a emergência do movimento Diretas Já!, como oportunidade para interpretar as condições de emergência de um movimento de massa que pode desafiar a lógica dessa dinâmica histórica, refletindo sobre suas características e desdobramentos.
Revisionismo histórico e revisionismo historiográfico sobre 1964: narrativas paralelas e pontos de continuidade
Authors: Melo Demian
Published: June 2024

O propósito deste artigo é discutir a distinção entre as noções de revisionismo histórico e o revisionismo historiográfico. Para isso usamos o debate historiográfico e da memória sobre o golpe de 1964 e a ditadura que se seguiu para discutir como os discursos revisionistas no plano acadêmico e no discurso público possuem paralelos e pontos de continuidade. Visa também comentar as consequências éticas da produção de certos discursos no contexto de ascensão da extrema-direita brasileira e sua memória negacionista do período entre 1964 e 1985, e as possíveis relações entre certos enfoques encontrados no campo acadêmico.
Caracterização da Ditadura pós-1964: discussões teóricas e historiográficas a natureza do sistema ditatorial brasileiro
Authors: Monteiro Tiago
Published: June 2024

Esse artigo analisa os principais conceitos voltados ao entendimento da ditadura pós 1964. Tal abordagem não é inédita mas tem sido minimizada por estudiosos de diferentes matrizes de pensamento que, em comum, compartilham de pelo menos duas premissas. A primeira tem sido a pouca propensão em discutir as bases teóricas dos conceitos que orientam as suas pesquisas. A segunda é ênfase na análise, descrição e discussão das fontes nos trabalhos acadêmicos. Por outro lado, nosso artigo dialogará com as tradições interpretativas voltadas para a conexão entre teoria e evidências, examinará os fundamentos das categorias tidas como referenciais para adjetivar a ditadura, suas motivações e fragilidades.
Os ardis da memória: o debate público sobre o golpe e a ditadura no Brasil em tempos de revisionismo histórico e ofensiva conservadora
Authors: Sena Júnior Carlos Zacarias de
Published: June 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho é refletir sobre as formas como o conhecimento e a discussão sobre passados traumáticos são elementos indissociáveis de uma visão ético-política de mundo. Buscaremos analisar as formas como as disputas de memória e os embates historiográficos introduziram no discurso científico uma noção anódina de objetividade cujo papel hegemônico terminou por condenar, a priori, qualquer produção matizada pela crítica ético-política ao golpe de 1964 e à Ditadura Militar brasileira (1964-1985), inspirada ou não no marxismo. Pretendemos discutir os caminhos atuais das disputas de memória a luz das transformações políticas que influenciam a forma como o passado recente do Brasil é percebido, tentando compreender algumas teses apresentadas pela historiografia recente. Tentando descobrir de que modo as batalhas de memória operam nas diversas esferas do debate e como o produto da reminiscência pode ser transfigurado de maneira dramática e com interesses políticos evidentes, o que pretendemos nesse texto é discutir a memória do golpe de 1964 e da Ditadura Militar brasileira à luz do que se chama de usos políticos do passado.
Ditadura empresarial-militar: uma análise crítica após sessenta anos do Golpe no Brasil
Authors: Toledo Caio Navarro de
Published: June 2024

O nosso entrevistado, atualmente é um dos principais editores do sítio de pesquisa e difusão da teoria marxista nas mais plurais perspectivas, o marxismo 21. Responsável por uma produção bibliográfica, entre livros e artigos científicos que possuem rigorosas análises acerca da emergência, causas e consequências do golpe empresarial-militar, Caio Toledo, neste diálogo com a Germinal, versou sobre a sua trajetória, comentou a realidade brasileira no período do golpe, as mistificações revisionistas que gravitam sobre o tema e que se intensificaram no último período e tensionam a disputa ideológica, bem como, entre outros tópicos, o alcance e a pertinência de teorias marxistas para apreensão da realidade
A ditadura empresarial-militar, o grande capital e as lutas de classes no Brasil
Authors: Beserra de Vasconcelos Cláudio , Santos Lemos Márcia , Dos Santos Filho Osvaldo Teodoro dos Santos Filho , Hoeveler Rejane Carolina Hoeveler
Published: June 2024

No ano de 2024, o golpe que eclodiu a ditadura empresarial-militar no Brasil completa 60 anos. Assim, reverberam, sobre as mais diferentes formas, interpretações distintas que versam, por um lado, entre as mais ajustadas pesquisas, por outro, a partir dos mais debilitados revisionismos. Com as lentes apontadas para um fenômeno que modificou a história do Brasil, mas que se caracterizou, sobretudo, pelas transfigurações do capital e, por conseguinte, pelo seu conteúdo de classe, esse dossiê tem como objetivo  propor um debate, a partir do rigor analítico da dialética materialista, sobre os fundamentos, os sujeitos sociais, impactos e desdobramentos do golpe empresarial-militar no Brasil, a partir de 1964, que estabelece novos contornos na gestão política e econômica num país dependente e subordinado à esfera do imperialismo.
A ênfase recairá nos debates que contemplarem a caracterização da ditadura empresarial-militar no Brasil, a interdependência com as transformações do modo de produção capitalista, a emergência de seus principais sujeitos (internos e externos), enfatizando o acirramento do conflito de classes. Pretende-se destacar, entre outros, artigos que sublinhem as mudanças na relação capital e trabalho, a repressão do Estado, o papel da mídia hegemônica e contra-hegemônica, a atuação das Igrejas cristãs, as pautas morais e os direitos sociais, a censura, tanto quanto os escritos que evidenciem a resistência armada, o movimento sindical, o movimento estudantil, as lutas por terra, a questão racial e indígena, a atuação das mulheres e pessoas LGBTs. Também destacamos os debates em torno das transformações institucionais e ideológicas nos campos educacional, cultural e artístico, um dos eixos centrais da revista Germinal.
Em linhas gerais, o objetivo é termos um balançodos principais desdobramentos do golpe de 1964-1985 observados até os dias presentes e que impactam, sobremaneira, os movimentos de luta da classe trabalhadora no Brasil.
Análise de dados sobre as desigualdades na educação de meninas negras em tempos de pandemia à luz da Agenda 2030
Authors: Flores de Freitas Gonçalves Liliane , Batista de Oliveira Gilson
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar as desigualdades educacionais sob as categorias de análise raça, gênero e classe social após a pandemia da covid-19 e como tais questões se tornam um desafio para o alcance dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Social (ODS) da Agenda 2030. Na revisão de literatura utilizou-se a obra “Desenvolvimento como Liberdade”, de Amartya Sen (2000, 2010), assim como adotou-se também alguns conceitos a respeito do Desenvolvimento Humano e do Índice do Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Na sequência, debate-se a questão da interseccionalidade. Não obstante, apresenta-se os impactos da covid-19 na política de educação e discute-se a gestão das políticas públicas. Por fim, apresenta-se dados que evidenciam como as meninas negras têm sido as mais afetadas no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 no acesso e permanência à educação. Como provocação, finaliza-se a discussão trazendo para o debate a questão de gênero e o modo como as meninas negras foram afetadas no cenário educacional, o que propõe uma mudança/ampliação/criação de políticas públicas que visem reduzir não só a desigualdade racial, mas também a desigualdade de gênero no sistema de ensino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica contendo uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Os dados foram divulgados a partir da pesquisa de Carneiro (2021), realizada na cidade de São Paulo, e a análise dos resultados teve como base os ODS e Metas da Agenda 2030.
Teoría queer doméstica
Authors: Ramallo Francisco
Published: June 2024

En su sistematización académica las teorías queer se aíslan de su condición doméstica, íntima posibilidad de deshabitar el ordenado mundo de la heterocentrada modernidad en la cual solemos narrarnos. En este texto el gesto de narrar el invisible cotidiano con sus teorías más bajas permite reconocer a mi cuenta en la red social instagram como un laboratorio de investigaciones-vidas, que desea enunciarse más allá de su sujetx protagónico en un ambiente de generación de narrativas que autoricen la sobrevivencia de las localizacaciones cuir. La manera en la que el mundo doméstico coincide consigo mismo se inscribe en el cuerpo-casa que habito, dispuesta como un ambiente que vuelve habitable el católico barrio que nos amenaza.
“Vamos fazer a virilha completa e perianal?”
Authors: Bahaffou Myriam
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo, capítulo traduzido de um livro da filósofa e ativista ecofeminista francesa Myriam Bahaffou, a autora explora um relato minucioso e sensível de uma sessão de depilação para pautar as interrogações e as ambivalências associadas às injunções de beleza impostas pelo patriarcado. Um diálogo entre as perspectivas feministas, antirracistas e decoloniais traz à tona a potência dos espaços e práticas da cosmética, nos quais se vislumbra o entrelaçamento da feminilidade e do feminismo, quando a cabine de depilação se mostra como “laboratório experimental de diálogo pós-colonial” de corpos racializados e histórias de mulheres.
Worldwide distribution of allelic variation at the progesterone receptor locus and the incidence of female reproductive cancers
Authors: Rockwell L. Christie , Rowe Elizabeth J. , Arnson Katherine , Jackson Fatimah , Froment Alain , Ndumbe Peter , Seck Binteou , Jackson Robert , Lorenz Joseph G.
Published: November 2011

Objectives:

Global patterns of the incidence of cancer are often attributed to environmental and lifestyle differences between regions. Less attention has been given to global patterns of allelic variation of genes that may contribute to the risk of developing cancer.

Methods:

We genotyped samples from 21 populations for four variants of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene. One is an Alu insertion in intron 7 which defines the PROGINS haplotype. The others include a promoter region SNP 331+ G/A (rs10895068), a haplotype defining T/C substitution in intron 6 (rs561650), and an A/T substitution (rs608995) in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene. All variants have been investigated elsewhere in association with female reproductive cancers in western populations.

Results:

We found population differences in the frequency of each of these alleles across study populations (P < 0.01, log‐likelihood G statistic, computed in FSTAT) and therefore examined the correlation between the frequency of each genetic variant and the incidence of three female reproductive cancers (breast, uterine, and ovarian) obtained from the Globocan 2008 database. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence were significantly correlated with the frequency of the Alu insertion (r = 0.86 and 0.53) and the +331 A variant (r = 0.57 and 0.73).

Conclusions:

Our data expand the information on genetic variation at the PR locus in non‐western populations and support an argument for more work on the genetic epidemiology of cancer among nonwestern populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biobibliometric profiling: An examination of multifaceted approaches to scholarship
Authors: Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Cronin Blaise
Published: November 2011

We conducted a fine‐grained prosopography of six distinguished information scientists to explore commonalities and differences in their approaches to scholarly production at different stages of their careers. Specifically, we gathered data on authors' genre preferences, rates and modes of scholarly production, and coauthorship patterns. We also explored the role played by gender and place in determining mentoring and collaboration practices across time. Our biobibliometric profiles of the sextet reveal the different shapes a scholar's career can take. We consider the implications of our findings for new entrants into the academic marketplace.
Host cell protein dynamics in the supernatant of a mAb producing CHO cell line
Authors: Tait A.S. , Hogwood C.E.M. , Smales C.M. , Bracewell D.G.
Published: November 2011

The characterization of host cell protein (HCP) content during the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins is an important aspect in the drug development process. Despite this, key components of the HCP profile and how this changes with processing has not been fully investigated. Here we have investigated the supernatant HCP profile at different times throughout culture of a null and model GS‐CHO monoclonal antibody producing mammalian cell line grown in fed‐batch mode. Using 2D‐PAGE and LC‐MS/MS we identify a number of intracellular proteins (e.g., protein disulfide isomerise; elongation factor 2; calreticulin) that show a significant change in abundance relative to the general increase in HCP concentration observed with progression of culture. Those HCPs that showed a significant change in abundance across the culture above the general increase were dependent on the cell line examined. Further, our data suggests that the majority of HCPs in the supernatant of the cell lines investigated here arise through lysis or breakage of cells, associated with loss in viability, and are not present due to the secretion of protein material from within the cell. SELDI‐TOF and principal components analysis were also investigated to enable rapid monitoring of changes in the HCP profile. SELDI‐TOF analysis showed the same trends in the HCP profile as observed by 2D‐PAGE analysis and highlighted biomarkers that could be used for process monitoring. These data further our understanding of the relationship between the HCP profile and cell viability and may ultimately enable a more directed development of purification strategies and the development of cell lines based upon their HCP profile. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:971–982. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population‐based modeling of the progression of apoptosis in mammalian cell culture
Authors: Meshram Mukesh , Naderi Saeideh , McConkey Brendan , Budman Hector , Scharer Jeno , Ingalls Brian
Published: November 2011

The production of biopharmaceuticals from mammalian cell culture is hindered by apoptosis, which is the primary cause of cell death in these cultures. As a tool for optimization of culture yield, this study presents a population‐based model describing the progression of apoptosis in a monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture. Because mAb production does not cease when apoptosis begins, the model was designed to incorporate subpopulations at various stages in the progression of apoptosis. The model was validated against intracellular measurements of caspase activity as well as cell density, nutrient levels, and toxic metabolites. Since the specific details of apoptotic mechanisms have not been elucidated in this cell line, we employed a model comparison analysis that suggests the most plausible pathways of activation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1193–1204. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Best Interest of the Child‐Questionnaire, reliability and validity: Preliminary data on the question ‘where to live after detention or secure treatment?’
Authors: Kalverboer Margrite , Ten Brummelaar Mijntje , Post Wendy , Zijlstra Elianne , Harder Annemiek , Knorth Erik
Published: November 2011

Background

The Best Interest of the Child‐Questionnaire (BIC‐Q) has been designed as an instrument for screening the quality of the rearing situation of children with behavioural problems or delinquency. It is intended to aid legal decisions in juvenile and family law.

Aims

The aim of the study was to establish the reliability and validation of the BIC‐Q.

Methods

Records of 83 children in detention or secure treatment centres and 58 children with no delinquent behaviours were rated by trained researchers. Interrater reliability was tested with a sub‐sample of 31 of the former. Content validity was evaluated across the whole group, using Cronbach's alpha to check internal consistency, Spearman's rho to examine correlations and explorative principal component analysis (PCA) to test the extent to which variance in the 14 underlying conditions could be accounted for by a single factor ‘quality of rearing’.

Results

Interrater reliability was good (r = 0.89). The PCA lent support to the content validity of the questionnaire with four factors, which together explained 66% of the variance in child rearing: (1) attachment and bonding; (2) rules and provisions; (3) health care and physical care in the family context; and (4) care and models provided for in the societal environment.

Conclusions

The BIC‐Q is a reliable and valid measure of the overall quality of child rearing.

Implications for practice

Preliminary results indicate that the BIC‐Q may be applied to support court decisions on where the child should live after detention or secure treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A wave generation toolbox for the open‐source CFD library: OpenFoam®
Authors: Jacobsen Niels G. , Fuhrman David R. , Fredsøe Jørgen
Published: November 2011

The open‐source CFD library OpenFoam® contains a method for solving free surface Newtonian flows using the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a volume of fluid method. In this paper, it is demonstrated how this has been extended with a generic wave generation and absorption method termed ‘wave relaxation zones’, on which a detailed account is given. The ability to use OpenFoam for the modelling of waves is demonstrated using two benchmark test cases, which show the ability to model wave propagation and wave breaking. Furthermore, the reflection coefficient from outlet relaxation zones is considered for a range of parameters. The toolbox is implemented in C++, and the flexibility in deriving new relaxation methods and implementing new wave theories along with other shapes of the relaxation zone is outlined. Subsequent to the publication of this paper, the toolbox has been made freely available through the OpenFoam‐Extend Community. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nerve transfers for restoration of upper extremity motor function in a child with upper extremity motor deficits due to transverse myelitis: Case report
Authors: Dorsi Michael J. , Belzberg Allan J.
Published: November 2011

Transverse myelitis (TM) may result in permanent neurologic dysfunction. Nerve transfers have been developed to restore function after peripheral nerve injury. Here, we present a case report of a child with permanent right upper extremity weakness due to TM that underwent nerve transfers. The following procedures were performed: double fascicle transfer from median nerve and ulnar nerve to the brachialis and biceps branches of the musculocutaneous nerve, spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve, and medial cord to axillary nerve end‐to‐side neurorraphy. At 22 months, the patient demonstrated excellent recovery of elbow flexion with minimal improvement in shoulder abduction. We propose that the treatment of permanent deficits from TM represents a novel indication for nerve transfers in a subset of patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Reconstruction of the larynx and aryepiglottic fold using a free radial forearm tendocutaneous flap after partial laryngopharyngectomy: A case report
Authors: Mihara Makoto , Iida Takuya , Hara Hisako , Hayashi Yohei , Yamamoto Takumi , Mitsunaga Narushima , Todokoro Takeshi , Uchida Gentaro , Koshima Isao
Published: November 2011

The patient was a 62‐year‐old man with chief complaints of pharyngeal pain and dysphagia. He was diagnosed with pyriform sinus poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma T3N0M0 (Stage II) and underwent partial laryngopharyngectomy, lymphadenectomy in the right neck, tracheostomy, and reconstruction of the larynx and aryepiglottic fold with a free radial forearm flap and the associated vascularized palmaris longus tendon. No particular problems occurred after surgery, and swallowing and articulation functions were successfully recovered. A free jejunum transfer is the first choice for reconstruction of a defect after partial hypopharyngectomy, but reconstruction of the supracricoid complex structure of the larynx using a free jejunum transfer after partial laryngopharyngectomy may lead to aspiration of intestinal fluids. In this case, we performed functional reconstruction of the laryngopharyngeal defect using a free radial forearm flap including a vascularized tendon of the palmaris longus, and satisfactory postoperative function was achieved. We believe that the key to successful functional recovery after partial laryngopharyngectomy is establishment of the three‐dimensional complex structure of the arytenoid and aryepiglottic fold. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Impact of vasopressors on outcomes in head and neck free tissue transfer
Authors: Harris Luke , Goldstein David , Hofer Stefan , Gilbert Ralph
Published: November 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis: The primary objective of the study was to determine the frequency of intraoperative vasopressor administration among patients undergoing free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction, and the secondary objective was to determine the impact of intraoperative vasopressor on free tissue transfer outcomes, including the impact of cumulative vasopressor dose and timing of intraoperative vasopressor administration. Study design/Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction at the University Health Network between 2004 to 2008. Results: From 2004 to 2008 inclusive, 485 patients underwent 496 free tissue transfers for head and neck reconstruction. The complete failure rate was 2.2% (11 of 485 patients). The partial failure rate was 1.4%, and the operative take‐back rate for venous congestion or arterial thrombosis was 1.6%. This gave a total major flap complication rate of 5.2%, which was used as the primary free tissue transfer outcome measure. Of the 485 patients who underwent free tissue transfer, 320 (66.0%) received intraoperative vasopressor. Of these patients, the majority (97.5%) received phenylephrine and/or ephedrine. There was no significant relationship between receiving intraoperative vasopressor and major free flap complications, which were defined as complete failure, partial failure, or operative take‐back for venous congestion or arterial thrombosis. Conclusion: Intraoperative vasopressors are used routinely in free tissue transfer for the reconstruction of head and neck defects. The use of intraoperative vasopressors does not appear to adversely affect free tissue transfer outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Linearization estimates of the backward errors for least squares problems
Authors: Liu Xin‐Guo , Zhao Na
Published: November 2011

We study the linearization method to estimate the backward error of approximate solutions to several least squares problems, including the scaled total least squares (STLS) problem, the equality constrained least squares (LSE) problem, and the least squares problem over a sphere (LSS). For the STLS problem, we present several new results about the linearization estimate derived by Chang and Titley‐Peloquin. For the LSE and the LSS problems, we derive linearization estimates of the backward errors and compare them with existing backward error bounds by numerical tests. Our experiments show that the linearization estimates are good enough approximations of the backward errors as the approximate solution approaches the exact one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in charitable giving
Authors: Mesch Debra J. , Brown Melissa S. , Moore Zachary I. , Hayat Amir Daniel
Published: November 2011

This paper examines the mechanisms for giving by investigating the psychological and values differences between men and women's motivations for giving. We explored two of the eight mechanisms for giving developed by Bekkers and Wiepking as a framework for why people give—principle of care and empathic concern. Are there differences in these motives for giving by gender, and can these differences in values and the psychological benefits that people receive when making donations explain gender differences in charitable giving? Are women more likely to give and give more than men because of their higher levels of empathic concern and principle of care? We used two US national data sets to test our hypotheses. Our results for both data sets indicate significant differences in motives by gender, as well as differences in the probability of giving and amount given by gender, even after controlling for empathic concern and principle of care measures. Our findings are discussed in terms of the importance of viewing charitable giving through a gender lens as well as practical implications for practitioners. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charitable giving inside and outside the workplace: the role of individual and firm characteristics
Authors: Osili Una O. , Hirt Deborah E. , Raghavan Sindhu
Published: November 2011

Over the past several decades, charitable solicitations in the workplace have played an increasing role in the fundraising strategies of nonprofit organizations. Although many studies have examined the factors that influence overall charitable giving, very few studies have focused on giving when asked to donate in the workplace. This paper examines the determinants of charitable giving in and outside of the workplace in addition to the role of individual and firm‐level characteristics. The study is based on one of the largest surveys of workplace giving including unique information on both workplace giving and overall charitable giving for 6000 employees in the USA. Specific factors uniquely influence charitable giving in the workplace. An employee's personal level of confidence in the nonprofit sector is strongly likely to influence workplace donations. At the firm level, an organization's size and industry also affect the presence of workplace campaigns and giving trends. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromagnetic properties of Fe3O4‐functionalized graphene and its composites with a conducting polymer
Authors: Tung Tran Thanh , Feller Jean‐Francois , Kim TaeYoung , Kim Hyeongkeun , Yang Woo Seok , Suh Kwang S.
Published: November 2011

Hybrid materials of Fe3O4‐decorated reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4‐RGO) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were prepared by poly(ionic liquid)‐mediated hybridization. In this hybrid material, poly(ionic liquid) was found to perform multiple roles for: (1) stabilizing Fe3O4‐RGO against aggregation in the reaction medium, (2) transferring Fe3O4‐RGO nanomaterials from aqueous into organic phase, and (3) associating Fe3O4‐RGO nanomaterials with PEDOT. The hybrid materials of Fe3O4‐RGO with PEDOT showed the lowest surface resistivity of 80 Ω sq−1 at an RGO‐Fe3O4 loading of 1 wt %, and exhibited superparamagnetic behavior with an electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 22 dB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Qlaira: first COC licensed for heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Briggs Paula
Published: November 2011

Qlaira (estradiol valerate plus dienogest) is the first combined oral contraceptive to gain a licence for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in women without organic pathology who desire oral contraception. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Dr Paula Briggs discusses its place in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Variational assimilation of cloud fraction in the operational Met Office Unified Model
Authors: Renshaw Richard , Francis Peter N.
Published: November 2011

Short‐range forecasts of cloud cover are considered an important part of providing a public weather service in the UK. These require accurate initial conditions. Satellite imagery and surface cloud reports provide observations of cloud but using these to initialize forecast models is not easy. Cloud data are not well suited to variational analysis schemes. This paper describes how the Met Office variational analysis has been adapted to use such data. Results show that cloud observations can be usefully assimilated. Copyright © 2011 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Pilot Study: Short‐term Reduction in Salivary Cortisol Following Low Level Physical Exercise and Relaxation among Adolescents and Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Hillier Ashleigh , Murphy Deirdra , Ferrara Cynthia
Published: November 2011

Many adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience high levels of stress and anxiety. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine whether physical exercise and relaxation could reduce stress and anxiety among those with ASD. Salivary cortisol levels were collected before and after each of three sessions during an 8‐week exercise programme. Our findings showed a significant reduction in cortisol at the end of the sessions compared with the beginning. This was supported by a self‐report anxiety measure. Although reductions in these stress measures were not sustained over time, our results highlight the potential of exercise and relaxation for improving symptoms of stress. Future studies are needed which examine longer term reductions in stress following physical exercise interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free‐weighting matrices‐based robust wide‐area FACTS control design with considering signal time delay for stability enhancement of power systems
Authors: Liu Fang , Yokoyama Ryuichi , Zhou Yicheng , Wu Min
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a free‐weighting matrix (FWM) method based on linear control design approach for the wide‐area robust damping (WARD) controller associated with flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device to improve the dynamical performance of the large‐scale power systems. First, the linearized reduced‐order plant model is established, which efficiently considers the time delay of the remote feedback signals transmitted by wide‐area measurement systems. Then, based on the robust control theory, the design of the FACTS‐WARD controller is formulated as the standard control problem on delay‐dependent state‐feedback robust control, which is described by a set of linear matrix inequality constraints. Furthermore, in order to obtain the optimal control parameters that can endure the maximum time delay, a FWM approach is proposed to solve the time‐dependent problem of the time‐delay system. Meanwhile, an iterative algorithm based on cone complementary linearization is presented to search out the optimal control parameters. Finally, the nonlinear simulations on the 2‐area 4‐machine and the 5‐area 16‐machine test systems are performed, to evaluate the control performance of the proposed robust wide‐area time‐delay control approach. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Physical analysis and recalibration of MetOp HIRS using IASI for cloud studies
Authors: Chen Ruiyue , Cao Changyong
Published: November 2011

The HIRS long‐wave CO2 channels (702 cm−1, 716.5 cm−1, 731.7 cm−1, and 748.8 cm−1) have been used by scientists for estimating cloud height and amount. However, spectral and radiometric biases in these HIRS channels significantly affect the accuracy and consistency of the level‐1b data used. This study utilizes the MetOp IASI measurements to calibrate the long‐wave CO2 channels of the HIRS on the same satellite. The radiance bias characteristics are displayed for a sample MetOp orbit. Detailed analysis is performed in an attempt to find the causes of the bias. The analysis consists of three steps. First, a thermal‐equilibrium analysis of blackbody using the HIRS window channel reveals the blackbody of MetOp HIRS has a 0.14 K bias. Then, the effective Spectral Response Function (SRF) corrections are estimated for the three long‐wave CO2 channels by minimizing the orbital bias variation, which is −0.13 cm−1 for channel 4, 0.09 cm−1 for channel 5, and −0.15 cm−1 for channel 7. Channel brightness temperature dynamic range is found to be important for separating SRF versus nonlinearity effects. Finally, the nonlinearity effect is evaluated and the nonlinearity term is derived to reduce the orbital mean biases toward zero. The improved radiometric and spectral recalibration parameters are validated using 16 months of independent MetOp data, with very positive results, showing consistent performance. It is found that the HIRS biases relative IASI are generally within 0.1 K after the recalibration.
Comparing and combining SWE estimates from the SNOW‐17 model using PRISM and SWE reconstruction
Authors: Raleigh Mark S. , Lundquist Jessica D.
Published: November 2011

Snow models such as SNOW‐17 may estimate past snow water equivalent (SWE) using either a forward configuration based on spatial extrapolation of measured precipitation, such as with the parameter‐elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM), or a reconstruction configuration based on snow disappearance timing and back‐calculated snowmelt. However, little guidance exists as to which configuration is preferable. Because the two approaches theoretically have opposite sensitivities to model forcing, combining (averaging) their SWE estimates may be advantageous. Using 154 snow pillow sites located in maritime mountains of the western United States, we compared forward, reconstruction, and combined configurations of a simplified SNOW‐17. We evaluated model errors in annual precipitation, peak SWE, and SWE errors during the accumulation and ablation seasons. We also conducted a separate analysis to assess the sensitivity of peak SWE to biased forcing data and model parameters. The forward model had the greatest precipitation accuracy, while the combined model had the greatest accuracy in peak SWE and SWE during the accumulation and ablation seasons. In determining peak SWE, the forward and reconstruction models demonstrated opposite sensitivities to errors in air temperature and model parameters, and the combined model minimized errors due to temperature bias and parameter uncertainty. In basins with precipitation gages, we recommend PRISM for precipitation estimation and the combined model for SWE estimation. In areas with high precipitation uncertainty, reconstruction is more viable. Accurate model parameters dramatically improved reconstruction, so more work is needed to advance parameter estimation techniques in complex terrain.
Variation Within Dialects: A Case of Cajun/Creole Influence Within Child SAAE and SWE
Authors: Oetting Janna B. , Garrity April Wimberly
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This study examined whether child speakers of Southern African American English (SAAE) and Southern White English (SWE) who were also perceived by some listeners to present a Cajun/Creole English (CE) influence within their dialects produced elevated rates of 6 phonological and 5 morphological patterns of vernacular relative to other SAAE- and SWE-speaking children.

Method

A group comparison design was followed. The data were listener judgments, 1-min audiotaped excerpts of conversational speech, and transcribed language samples from 93 children (31 classified as specifically language impaired while the others were classified as either aged-matched or language-matched controls; 13 classified as SWE with CE, 40 classified as SWE only, 18 classified as SAAE with CE, and 22 classified as SAAE only).

Results

Results indicated that children with a CE influence produced elevated rates of vernacular phonology relative to the others, with 2 patterns (nonaspirated stops and glide reduction) showing statistically significant group differences. In contrast, the children’s use of vernacular morphology was unrelated to their CE status, but was instead related to their primary dialect (SWE vs. SAAE) and language ability classification (impaired vs. normal).

Conclusions

The findings highlight the role of phonology in listeners' perceptions of dialect variation within 2 nonmainstream dialects (SWE and SAAE). The findings also demonstrate the ways phonological and morphological forms of vernacular can be independently influenced by different types of child variables.
Effects of short-term exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins on clearance rates and toxin uptake in five species of New Zealand bivalve
Authors: Contreras Andrea M. , Marsden Islay D. , Munro Murray H. G.
Published: November 2011

Algal blooms produced by toxic dinoflagellates have increased worldwide, resulting in economic losses to aquaculture and fisheries. Bivalve species differ in their ability to feed on toxin-producing dinoflagellates and this could result in differences in toxin accumulation among species. In New Zealand, the effects of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins on the physiology of bivalve molluscs are relatively unknown. We hypothesised that the feeding responses of five New Zealand bivalve species exposed to PSP-toxic dinoflagellates would be species-specific, affecting their accumulation of toxins. Each species was exposed to toxic and non-toxic species of Alexandrium spp. and clearance rate used as an index of sensitivity to PSP toxins. Clearance rates for the mussel Perna canaliculus and the clam Dosinia anus were unaffected by the presence of toxic dinoflagellates, whereas the rate in the scallop Pecten novaezelandiae decreased significantly. There were variable results for the clam Paphies donacina and the oyster Ostrea chilensis. Species-specific biotransformation of PSP-toxins had taken place in the bivalve tissues. We conclude that the rate of accumulation of PSP toxins in the tissues of the bivalve species was influenced by their feeding behaviour and the different chemical processes that had taken place in their tissues.
The Area Under the Disease Progress Stairs: Calculation, Advantage, and Application
Authors: Simko Ivan , Piepho Hans-Peter
Published: November 2011

The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) is frequently used to combine multiple observations of disease progress into a single value. However, our analysis shows that this approach severely underestimates the effect of the first and last observation. To get a better estimate of disease progress, we have developed a new formula termed the area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS). The AUDPS approach improves the estimation of disease progress by giving a weight closer to optimal to the first and last observations. Analysis of real data indicates that AUDPS outperforms AUDPC in most of the tested trials and may be less precise than AUDPC only when assessments in the first or last observations have a comparatively large variance. We propose using AUDPS and its standardized (sAUDPS) and relative (rAUDPS) forms when combining multiple observations from disease progress experiments into a single value.
The IP amplitude of the fluorescence rise OJIP is sensitive to changes in the photosystem I content of leaves: a study on plants exposed to magnesium and sulfate deficiencies, drought stress and salt stress
Authors: Ceppi Margarita Georgina , Oukarroum Abdallah , Çiçek Nuran , Strasser Reto J. , Schansker Gert
Published: November 2011

The hypothesis that changes in the IP amplitude of the fluorescence transient OJIP reflect changes in leaf photosystem I (PSI) content was tested using mineral‐deficient sugar beet plants. Young sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris) were grown hydroponically on nutrient solutions containing either 1 mM or no Mg2+ and 2.1 µM to 1.88 mM SO42− for 4 weeks. During this period two leaf pairs were followed: the already developed second leaf pair and the third leaf pair that was budding at the start of the treatment. The IP amplitude [ΔFIP (fluorescence amplitude of the I‐to‐P‐rise) and its relative contribution to the fluorescence rise: ΔVIP (amplitude of the relative variable fluorescence of the I‐to‐P‐rise = relative contribution of the I‐to‐P‐rise to the OJIP‐rise)] and the amplitude of the transmission change at 820 nm (difference between all plastocyanin and the primary electron donor of photosystems I oxidized and reduced, respectively) relative to the total transmission signal (ΔImax/Itot) were determined as a function of the treatment time. Correlating the transmission and the two fluorescence parameters yielded approximately linear relationships in both cases. For the least severely affected leaves the parameter ΔVIP correlated considerably better with ΔImax/Itot than ΔFIP indicating that it is the ratio PSII:PSI that counts. To show that the relationship also holds for other plants and treatments, data from salt‐ and drought‐stressed plants of barley, chickpea and pea are shown. The relationship between ΔVIP and PSI content was confirmed by western blot analysis using an antibody against psaD. The good correlations between ΔImax/Itot and ΔFIP and ΔVIP, respectively, suggest that changes in the IP amplitude can be used as semi‐quantitative indicators for (relative) changes in the PSI content of the leaf.
Irish norms for the SCORE‐15 and 28 from a national telephone survey
Authors: Fay Declan , Carr Alan , O'Reilly Ken , Cahill Paul , Dooley Barbara , Guerin Suzanne , Stratton Peter
Published: November 2011

In this study a 29‐item version of the systemic clinical outcome and routine evaluation (SCORE), which contained all items from the SCORE‐15 and SCORE‐28, was used to develop norms for both the 15 and the 28 versions of the SCORE from the same sample. In a random digit dialling telephone survey, a stratified national random sample of 403 adults living in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland completed the SCORE and brief measures of family and personal adjustment. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, cut‐off points for the SCORE‐28 and 15 were found to identify families of children with significant emotional and behavioural problems. We also established 90th percentile points and percentages of cases falling above each scale point for both versions of the SCORE. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that, for both versions of the SCORE, the data fit the three factor solutions found in previous studies. The SCORE scales also had significant correlations with measures of family, parental and child adjustment, and negligible correlations with socioeconomic variables and social desirability response set.
Corporate Boards, Ownership Structure and Firm Performance in an Environment of Severe Political and Economic Crisis
Authors: Mangena Musa , Tauringana Venancio , Chamisa Eddie
Published: November 2011

This study examines the relationship between board and ownership structures and firm performance in an environment of severe political and economic crisis using panel data from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange for the period 2000–2005. The period is split into the pre‐presidential election period (2000–2002) (a relatively stable political and economic period) and the post‐presidential election period (2003–2005) (a hostile political and economic period) to capture the differences in the political and economic landscape. It is found that board size, ownership concentration and executive directors’ share ownership increased, while the proportion of non‐executive directors fell in the post‐presidential election period. Employing a system generalized method of moments approach, the study finds that performance is positively related to board size and ownership concentration in the post‐ (but not in the pre‐) presidential election period. The results also show that performance is negatively related to executive directors’ share ownership in the post‐presidential election period, but positively related in the pre‐presidential election period. The relationship between performance and the proportion of non‐executive directors is negative and significant in both periods. These findings support the notion that the effects of board and ownership structures depend on the nature of the firm's environment, and therefore have important implications for policy‐makers.
Mutant LGI1 inhibits seizure‐induced trafficking of Kv4.2 potassium channels
Authors: Smith Stephen E. P. , Xu Lin , Kasten Michael R. , Anderson Matthew P.
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 611–621.

Activity‐dependent redistribution of ion channels mediates neuronal circuit plasticity and homeostasis, and could provide pro‐epileptic or compensatory anti‐epileptic responses to a seizure. Thalamocortical neurons transmit sensory information to the cerebral cortex and through reciprocal corticothalamic connections are intensely activated during a seizure. Therefore, we assessed whether a seizure alters ion channel surface expression and consequent neurophysiologic function of thalamocortical neurons. We report a seizure triggers a rapid (< 2 h) decrease of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC)‐like current‐induced phasic firing associated with increased transient A‐type K+ current. Seizures also rapidly redistributed the A‐type K+ channel subunit Kv4.2 to the neuronal surface implicating a molecular substrate for the increased K+ current. Glutamate applied in vitro mimicked the effect, suggesting a direct effect of glutamatergic transmission. Importantly, leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated‐1 (LGI1), a secreted synaptic protein mutated to cause human partial epilepsy, regulated this seizure‐induced circuit response. Human epilepsy‐associated dominant‐negative‐truncated mutant LGI1 inhibited the seizure‐induced suppression of phasic firing, increase of A‐type K+ current, and recruitment of Kv4.2 surface expression (in vivo and in vitro). The results identify a response of thalamocortical neurons to seizures involving Kv4.2 surface recruitment associated with dampened phasic firing. The results also identify impaired seizure‐induced increases of A‐type K+ current as an additional defect produced by the autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy gene mutant that might contribute to the seizure disorder.