bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaginando el futuro en la práctica de la psicología profesional: un estudio de las representaciones de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Langher Viviana , Brancadoro Benedetta , Caputo Andrea , D´Angeli Marianna
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a case study of 213 university students of Clinical Psychology that explores affective symbolizations, which structure their relationship with hosting bodies in internship experience. This is in order to detect students’ main representations about their role as interns, professional activities and functions they have to comply with and the perceived integration between university education and real work contexts. A questionnaire was administered for the analysis of students’ motivational dynamics and expectations activated by imagining their future internship. Four clusters of students have been identified, through multivariate statistical techniques, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Results were as follows: a general powerlessness, distrust and disinvestment toward internship (17.7%); affiliation with hosting bodies in order to gain increasing acceptance and power (33.8%); high pragmatism, task-orientation and compliance with what the hosting bodies propose (30.8%) and a demand for recognition without any negotiation (17.7%). No relationship is detected between clusters and some illustrative variables related to sex and indicators of academic success, problems and participation. These clusters are conceived along three latent dimensions, which explain 57.9% of the total variance and refer to: disengagement/involvement toward internship experience; owerlessness/omnipotence about using competences and devaluation/idealization of the hosting body in relation to university training. Overall, two critical issues emerge: the first refers to a gap between university training and internship, the second one deals with discontinuity between the internship and the labor market. Some reflections and implications for practice are discussed.
Predicting role of meaning in life on depression, hopelessness, and suicide risk among Spanish Borderline Personality Disorder patients
Authors: García-Alandete Joaquín , Marco Salvador José Heliodoro , Pérez-Rodríguez Sandra
Published: September 2015

The relation between the meaning in life and depression, hopelessness, and suicide risk in a sample of Spanish Borderline Personality Disorder patients is analyzed. The hypothesis suggested that meaning in life is a significant negative predictor of these variables. Participed 80 Spanish Borderline Personality Disorder patients (75 women, 5 men) ranged 16-60 years old, M = 32.21, SD = 8.85, from a psychological private practice. Spanish adaptations of the Purpose-In-Life Test, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Plutchick’s Suicide Risk Scale were used. Analysis included descriptive, correlations, and simple linear regression. Results showed that Meaning in life was negatively related to depression, hopelessness, and suicide risk. It is necessary to introduce the evaluation of the meaning in life in the assessment of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and to include in the psychotherapeutic intervention elements to enhance their perception and experience of meaning in life.
El Trabajo Emocional desde una perspectiva clarificadora, tras treinta años de investigación
Authors: Gracia Esther , Ramos José , Moliner Carolina
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis del concepto del Trabajo Emocional. Específicamente, a través de un enfoque integrador, se pretende clarificar a qué hace referencia el Trabajo Emocional y diferenciarlo de conceptos con los que comúnmente se relaciona en la literatura existente. Además, se analiza una de las últimas propuestas sobre cómo se podría producir el Trabajo Emocional aplicado al contexto de las organizaciones de servicios. Por último, se analizan los antecedentes que la literatura señala como aspectos potenciales para la aparición del trabajo emocional y las consecuencias que éste puede ocasionar en los resultados organizacionales, como es la calidad de servicio y en la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores.
Variables cognitivas e ingreso universitario: predictores del rendimiento académico
Authors: Elvira-Valdez Maria Antonieta , Pujol Lydia
Published: September 2015

La presente investigación se planteó como objetivo determinar el poder predictivo de las fases de autorregulación académica, los estilos de aprendizaje y la modalidad de ingreso al sistema universitario, sobre el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. La muestra estuvo constituida por 214 estudiantes voluntarios, cursantes del ciclo básico de carreras tecnológicas de la Universidad Simón Bolívar. En la medición de variables se empleó la Escala de Autorregulación Académica ([PCR]; Lezama, 2005) y el Cuestionario Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje ([CHAEA]; Alonso, Gallego, & Honey, 1997). El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante asociaciones bivariadas y análisis multivariados de regresión múltiple. Los hallazgos obtenidos evidenciaron que la autorregulación académica en su fase de control, la preferencia por el estilo de aprendizaje teórico y el ingreso a la universidad por prueba interna son variables predictoras del rendimiento académico.
Amanda Labarca (1886-1975) y sus referencias psicológicas en el contexto educativo en Chile
Authors: Salas Gonzalo , Mardones Rodolfo , Gallegos Miguel , Ponce Fernando P
Published: September 2015

Amanda Labarca fue una connotada educadora chilena que vivió entre los años 1886 y 1975, cuya contribución e influencia a la psicología ha sido recientemente reconocida en Chile. El presente trabajo se propone dar a conocer sus antecedentes biográficos y académicos, por medio de una revisión documental, para luego contextualizar el entramado sociopolítico de la época. Finalmente, se describen sus principales referencias psicológicas en el ámbito educativo. En su transitar, viajó constantemente a Estados Unidos empapándose del trabajo de William James y John Dewey, dos de sus principales maestros, a quienes admiró y dio a conocer sus teorías.
Applied Psychology. The Case of the Baer, Wolf and Risley Prescriptions for Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Carpintero Capell Heliodoro , Del Barrio Victoria , Mababu Richard
Published: September 2015

Baer, Wolf and Risley, members of the group that promoted the creation of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, offered in its first issue a detailed series of ‘prescriptions’ that characterized the way research and research articles would be conceived as adequate to the applied field by the journal editors. Their ‘prescriptions’ have been largely cited, becoming a sign of authors’ identification with the journal policy, and widely influencing the structure and topics of this specialized literature.
Ciencia y política en tiempos de guerra fría: un examen psicológico de niños españoles en el exilio
Authors: Mülberger Annette
Published: September 2015

During the Second World War, physicians, psychiatrists, social workers, and psychologists developed a growing interest in studying the effect war had on the bodies and minds of children. Many of the observations were carried out in the 1940s in France, Great Britain, and the United States. With respect to the Spanish youth, no such interest related to the Civil War is known. The present article deals with a psychological study undertaken towards the end of the 1940s in France by a Spanish physician (named A. Piñar) with exiled children and teenagers, a study ignored up to now. The physician aimed at knowing what memories the children had from their experiences of the Civil War and the World War II, as well as evaluating the psychological consequences of these experiences. The study constitutes one of the few examples of a research exposing in a synthetic and clear way the emotional state of the Spanish youth at that time. It is important to situate the study in its scientific and historical context, with a particular focus on the political interests of the author. The physician called for medical and humanitarian attention to young immigrants. However, the historical moment was rather inconvenient for this, due to the new political situation marked by the Cold War.
De la epidemiología psiquiátrica a la psicología positiva. Historia de la trayectoria científica de María Martina Casullo
Authors: Mariñelarena-Dondena Luciana
Published: September 2015

La presente investigación de carácter historiográfico examina un momento particular de la trayectoria científica de María Martina Casullo (1940-2008). En primer lugar, se revisan sus estudios sobre los factores de riesgo en adolescentes, realizados a partir del año 1985 desde una perspectiva epidemiológica-preventiva. En segundo lugar, se analiza cómo dichos estudios epidemiológicos sobre depresión, riesgo suicida y malestar psicológico en adolescentes fueron el puntapié inicial para el análisis de los procesos salugénicos o protectores que impedían que las personas enfermaran aún frente a situaciones ambientales adversas. Finalmente, se concluye que estas investigaciones constituyen el principal antecedente del campo, que posteriormente Casullo definiera como psicología salugénica o positiva, en la Argentina a finales del siglo XX. De esa manera, se cuestiona críticamente la tendencia naturalizada y whig que no se ha interesado en hallar las condiciones ideológicas y políticas de la emergencia de la psicología positiva.
Reseña: Una historia de la psicología educativa peruana
Authors: Caycho Tomás
Published: September 2015

Meza, A & Lazarte, C. (2010). Documentos para una historia de la Psicología Educacional en el Perú. Lima: Editorial Universitaria.
Henri Wallon en castellano: jalones argentinos de un itinerario transnacional (1935-1976)
Authors: García Luciano Nicolás
Published: September 2015

Este artículo indaga las lecturas y traducciones al castellano de la obra de Henri Wallon en la Argentina, desde la perspectiva de la historia transnacional. Se reconstruye la trayectoria política de Wallon en Francia y la conformación de un circuito intelectual y científico antifascista, filosoviético y comunista que propició la circulación y edición de sus obras. Se analiza la caracterización de la figura de Wallon y el uso de sus ideas por intelectuales antifascistas, pedagogos cercanos al comunismo y psiquiatras de izquierda críticos del comunismo. Finalmente, se realizan algunas indicaciones historiográficas en pos de una historia de la psicología en América Latina, desde el marco de la historia transnacional.
Medicina, higiene mental y saber psi en la construcción de la maternidad y la infancia en la Argentina: un análisis a través de la revista Madre y Niño (1934-1935)
Authors: Briolotti Ana , Benítez Sebastián Matías
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo se propone analizar el modo en que los saberes psi definieron ciertas concepciones en torno a la maternidad y la infancia, difundidas a través de la revista Madre y Niño, publicada en la Argentina a mediados de la década de 1930. La utilización de la psicología contribuyó a la legitimación del saber médico sobre la infancia a partir de definir su especificidad y combatir las nociones y prácticas populares, consideradas perjudiciales y anticientíficas. En la Argentina, la articulación de tales discursos y prácticas ha configurado el proceso de disciplinarización e institucionalización de la psicología y su utilización por parte de los saberes médicos como una estrategia de intervención social.
Mental test implementation in the National Technical School in the period between 1942 and 1959: An analysis from the questioning of the notions of center and periphery
Authors: Castro Alexandre De Carvalho
Published: September 2015

The aim of this article is to analyze, under the reference of critical studies on transfer of knowledge between center and periphery, how the mental test was implemented in Brazil and came to be used in the students selection process of the Escola Técnica Nacional between 1942 and 1959. The methodology used set up an exploratory-descriptive study in the form of document analysis and has revealed that more than a strictly scientific procedure, the test served to give an appearance of scientific and modernity to the government projects.
Pequeños ciudadanos: la construcción de la subjetividad infantil en la primera puericultura española e hispanoamericana
Authors: Loredo Narciandi José Carlos , Jiménez Alonso Belén
Published: September 2015

En este artículo abordamos el origen de la puericultura moderna como práctica de subjetivación. En concreto, analizamos desde este punto de vista las técnicas de crianza infantil recomendadas, en una muestra de 23 manuales de puericultura españoles e hispanoamericanos, publicados entre 1898 y 1939. Dichas técnicas estaban subordinadas a la construcción de un modelo de sujeto, cuyo horizonte era el del ciudadano responsable, adaptado y autogobernado, dentro del contexto definido por la biopolítica de la época. Los planteamientos eugenistas servían a gran parte de los autores de los manuales –casi todos médicos– para defender la necesidad de asegurar la salud física y moral de la nación, mediante la crianza científica de los niños que serían los futuros ciudadanos.
Publicaciones psicológicas en la Revista del Instituto Paraguayo
Authors: García Noce José Emilio
Published: September 2015

La Revista del Instituto Paraguayo, una iniciativa cultural que surgió en el ambiente intelectual nacional durante la última década del siglo XIX y la primera del siglo XX, fue publicada entre 1896 y 1909. En esta revista se difundieron algunos ensayos que constituyen las manifestaciones tempranas de un pensamiento psicológico en el Paraguay. Aunque de características teóricas, reflejaban la absorción de ideas que estaban siendo discutidas en ese momento en la psicología internacional. Este artículo explora el contenido de estos ensayos y los ubica en el contexto histórico que les corresponde. La metodología es el análisis documental de fuentes publicadas, de manera particular los artículos pertinentes para la psicología, contenidos en esta revista. En la conclusión se analizan las implicaciones de estos trabajos para el desarrollo de la psicología paraguaya en el período preuniversitario.
Recepción del conductismo en Argentina y Brasil: Un estudio de dos universidades, 1960-1970
Authors: Polanco Fernando , Lopes Miranda Rodrigo
Published: September 2015

Describimos y analizamos la recepción del conductismo en Argentina y Brasil, a través de dos ejemplos: la Universidad Nacional de San Luis y la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. En Argentina, desde 1960 el conductismo fue ampliamente criticado. Excepcionalmente en San Luis en la década de 1970 hubo un grupo de estudiantes y psicólogos jóvenes que fue receptivo a este modelo por razones ideológicas, profesionales y científica. En Brasil, durante esas décadas, la creación de carreras de grado de psicología comenzó a extenderse. El conductismo circuló a través del laboratorio didáctico del análisis del comportamiento. La recepción del conductismo en estos países nos ayuda a entender la circulación del conocimiento psicológico en diferentes lugares. También nos muestra cómo cada uno de estos sitios ha incorporado el conductismo en su propio contexto.
Inteligencia, variables socioemocionales y afrontamiento de problemas en la adolescencia
Authors: Samper Garcia Paula , Mestre Escrivá María Vicenta , Malonda Vidal Elisabeth
Published: September 2015

El objetivo del estudio es analizar las variables cognitivas, emocionales y socio familiares que alcanzan un mayor poder predictor del afrontamiento eficaz en la adolescencia. Han participado 532 estudiantes de 3º curso de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria, (edad media: 14.45 años y SD= .763). Los ANOVA realizados muestran diferencias de género en las variables evaluadas. Los análisis de regresión indican que el apoyo de los demás y la percepción del estrés como un reto y desafío son las variables con mayor poder predictor del afrontamiento centrado en la resolución del problema. Por el contrario, la Inteligencia General, la empatía y el apego con los iguales no alcanzan ningún peso significativo en los mecanismos de afrontamiento ante un problema en la adolescencia.
Impacto de la información disonante y consistente sobre la campaña Marca Perú en la Identidad Nacional y el Bienestar Social
Authors: Schmitz Mathias , Espinosa Agustín
Published: September 2015

El impacto de la información disonante y consistente sobre la campaña de la “Marca País” en la identidad nacional y el bienestar social es estudiado mediante un diseño experimental mixto a partir de una muestra de estudiantes de una universidad de Lima Metropolitana (N = 102). Los resultados muestran que la exposición a información negativa sobre un comercial de tipo “Marca País” ejerce una influencia negativa sobre los componentes de la identidad nacional y el bienestar social, mientras que la información positiva produce el efecto inverso. Estos resultados ponen en evidencia la importancia que tiene el manejo adecuado y responsable de los contenidos asociados a las campañas que buscan exaltar el endogrupo nacional, así como de los discursos críticos que las acompañan.
MODULACIÓN DEL REFLEJO DE SOBRESALTO EN POBLACIÓN COLOMBIANA: EVIDENCIA DE LA INTERACCIÓN ENTRE EMOCIÓN Y MOTIVACIÓN
Authors: Gantiva Carlos , Guerra Pedro , Vila Jaime
Published: September 2015

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprobar el fenómeno de priming motivacional observado a través de la modulación del reflejo de sobresalto en población colombiana, participaron 73 personas las cuales fueron expuestas a 21 imágenes del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas y a un estímulo sonoro de sobresalto. Se midió la electromiografía del músculo orbicular del ojo para evaluar la magnitud del reflejo de sobresalto. Los resultados muestran que la valencia de las imágenes modula la magnitud del reflejo de sobresalto independiente del sexo de los participantes. Se concluye que el fenómeno de priming motivacional se presenta también en población colombiana y que esta metodología puede ser utilizada de forma confiable y objetiva en esta población.
RELATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND PROFISSIONAL COMMITMENTS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY CONDUCTED WITH TEACHERS
Authors: Almeida Maria Helena
Published: September 2015

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Scalar Mixing Study at High-Schmidt Regime in a Turbulent Jet Flow Using Large-Eddy Simulation/Filtered Density Function Approach
Authors: Mejía Juan M. , Chejne Farid , Molina Alejandro , Sadiki Amsini
Published: September 2015

Mixing of a passive scalar in a high-Schmidt turbulent round jet was studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled to filtered density function (FDF). This coupled approach enabled the solution of the continuity, momentum, and scalar (concentration) transport equations when studying mixing in a confined turbulent liquid jet discharging a conserved scalar (rhodamine B) into a low-velocity water stream. The Monte Carlo method was used for solving the FDF transport equation and controlling the number of particles per cell (NPC) using a clustering and splitting algorithm. A sensibility analysis of the number of stochastic particles per cell as well as the influence of the subgrid-scale (SGS) mixing time constant were evaluated. The comparison of simulation results with experiments showed that LES/FDF satisfactorily reproduced the behavior observed in this flow configuration. At high radial distances, the developed superviscous layer generates an intermittency phenomenon leading to a complex, anisotropic behavior of the scalar field, which is difficult to simulate with the conventional and advanced SGS models required by LES. This work showed a close agreement with reported experimental data at this superviscous layer following the FDF approach.
Predictive Modeling Techniques to Forecast Energy Demand in the United States: A Focus on Economic and Demographic Factors
Authors: Deka Angshuman , Hamta Nima , Esmaeilian Behzad , Behdad Sara
Published: September 2015

Effective energy planning and governmental decision-making policies heavily rely on accurate forecast of energy demand. This paper discusses and compares five different forecasting techniques to model energy demand in the United States using economic and demographic factors. Two artificial neural network (ANN) models, two regression analysis models, and one autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model are developed based on the historical data from 1950 to 2013. While ANN model 1 and regression model 1 use gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), and per capita personal income as independent input factors, ANN model 2 and regression model 2 employ GDP, GNP, and population (POP) as the predictive factors. The forecasted values resulted from these models are compared with the forecast made by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) for the period of 2014–2019. The forecasted results of ANN models and regression model 1 are close to those of the U.S. EIA; however, the results of regression model 2 and ARIMA model are significantly different from the forecast made by the U.S. EIA. Finally, a comparison of the forecasted values resulted from three efficient models showed that the energy demand would vary between 95.51 and 100.08 quadrillion British thermal unit (btu) for the period of 2014–2019. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of self-sufficiency of the United States in terms of energy generation based on the information of current available technologies nationwide.
Product Family Design With Solution Spaces
Authors: Eichstetter Markus , Müller Steffen , Zimmermann Markus
Published: September 2015

Design for optimal commonality in product families is different from design for optimal performance. While optimal performance may be achieved by the choice of appropriate design parameter values for all system components, optimal commonality requires a particular scheme of sharing components among systems. The number of possibilities to share components can be quantified by Bell's number and becomes large quickly, thus making optimization extremely expensive. This paper presents an approach to identify components that may be shared in order to optimize commonality for a product family of arbitrary high-dimensional nonlinear systems. Solution spaces are computed for each system using iterative Monte Carlo sampling. On these solution spaces, all design goals are reached. They are expressed as sets of permissible intervals for all design parameters. When parameter intervals from different systems overlap, they may assume the same value and components may be shared. The approach is applied to vehicle chassis design. A set of common components is computed for 13 vehicles with ten design parameters each, such that all design goals are satisfied and the number of different component designs is small.
Designettes: An Approach to Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Education
Authors: Telenko Cassandra , Wood Kristin , Otto Kevin , Rajesh Elara Mohan , Foong Shaohui , Leong Pey Kin , Tan U-Xuan , Camburn Bradley , Moreno Diana , Frey Dan
Published: September 2015

Design and other fundamental topics in engineering are often isolated to dedicated courses. An opportunity exists to foster a culture of engineering design and multidisciplinary problem solving throughout the curriculum. Designettes, charettelike design challenges, are rapid and creative learning tools that enable educators to integrate design learning in a single class, across courses, across terms, and across disciplines. When two or more courses join together in a designette, a multidisciplinary learning activity occurs; multiple subjects are integrated and applied to open-ended problems and grand challenges. This practice helps foster a culture of design, and enables the introduction of multidisciplinary design challenges. Studies at the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) demonstrate learning of engineering subject matter in a bio-inspired robotics designette (MechAnimal), an interactive musical circuit designette, and an automated milk delivery (AutoMilk) designette. Each challenge combines problem clarification, concept generation, and prototyping with subject content such as circuits, biology, thermodynamics, differential equations, or software with controls. From pre- and postsurveys of students, designettes are found to increase students' understanding of engineering concepts. From 321 third-semester students, designettes were found to increase students' perceptions of their ability to solve multidisciplinary problems.
Thermally evaporated (oxide) iron on an alumina barrier layer by ToF-SIMS
Authors: Kanyal Supriya S. , Jensen David S. , Zhu Zihua , Linford Matthew R.
Published: September 2015

The authors report the positive and negative ion time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry spectra using Bi32+ primary ions at 50 keV of an Fe film (6 nm) that had been thermally evaporated on a thin film of alumina (ca. 35 nm) on a silicon wafer. This surface had been exposed to the air; it had previously been shown by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) to be entirely oxidized. The positive ion secondary ion mass spectrometry spectrum shows Fe+, FeH+, and FexOyHz+ species. The negative ion spectrum shows FeOH−, FexOyHz−, and OH− species.
The influence of focal spot blooming on high‐contrast spatial resolution in CT imaging
Authors: Grimes Joshua , Duan Xinhui , Yu Lifeng , Halaweish Ahmed F. , Haag Nicole , Leng Shuai , McCollough Cynthia
Published: September 2015

Purpose:

The objective of this work was to investigate focal spot blooming effects on the spatial resolution of CT images and to evaluate an x‐ray tube that uses dynamic focal spot control for minimizing focal spot blooming.

Methods:

The influence of increasing tube current at a fixed tube potential of 80 kV on high‐contrast spatial resolution of seven different CT scanner models (scanners A–G), including one scanner that uses dynamic focal spot control to reduce focal spot blooming (scanner A), was evaluated. Spatial resolution was assessed using a wire phantom for the modulation transfer function (MTF) calculation and a copper disc phantom for measuring the slice sensitivity profile (SSP). The impact of varying the tube potential was investigated on two scanner models (scanners A and B) by measuring the MTF and SSP and also by using the resolution bar pattern module of the ACR CT phantom. The phantoms were scanned at 70–150 kV on scanner A and 80–140 kV on scanner B, with tube currents from 100 mA up to the maximum tube current available on each scanner. The images were reconstructed using a slice thickness of 0.6 mm with both smooth and sharp kernels. Additionally, focal spot size at varying tube potentials and currents was directly measured using pinhole and slit camera techniques.

Results:

Evaluation of the MTF and SSP data from the 7 CT scanner models evaluated demonstrated decreased focal spot blooming for newer scanners, as evidenced by decreasing deviations in MTF and SSP as tube current varied. For scanners A and B, where focal spot blooming effects as a function of tube potential were assessed, the spatial resolution variation in the axial plane was much smaller on scanner A compared to scanner B as tube potential and current changed. On scanner A, the 50% MTF never decreased by more than 2% from the 50% MTF measured at 100 mA. On scanner B, the 50% MTF decreased by as much as 19% from the 50% MTF measured at 100 mA. Assessments of the SSP, the bar patterns in the ACR phantom and the pinhole and slit camera measurements were consistent with the MTF calculations.

Conclusions:

Focal spot blooming has a noticeable effect on spatial resolution in CT imaging. The focal spot shaping technology of scanner A greatly reduced blooming effects.
Spectral density affects the intelligibility of tone-vocoded speech: Implications for cochlear implant simulations
Authors: Rosen Stuart , Zhang Yue , Speers Kathryn
Published: September 2015

For small numbers of channels, tone vocoders using low envelope cutoff frequencies are less intelligible than noise vocoders, even though the noise carriers introduce random fluctuations into the crucial envelope information. Here it is shown that using tone carriers with a denser spectrum improves performance considerably over typical tone vocoders, at least equaling, and often surpassing, the performance possible with noise vocoders. In short, the spectral sparseness of tone vocoded sounds for low channel numbers, separate from the degradations introduced by using only a small number of channels, is an important limitation on the intelligibility of tone-vocoded speech.
Ultrasonic guided waves in elliptical annular cylinders
Authors: Rajagopal Prabhu , Pattanayak Roson Kumar
Published: September 2015

This paper studies the influence of cross-section ovalness or ellipticity on lower order axisymmetric guided wave modes in thin pipes. The second longitudinal mode L(0,2) and the fundamental torsional mode T(0,1) are studied, as these are of interest to current pipe inspection. The semi-analytical finite element (FE) method is mainly used, with three-dimensional FE simulations for visualization and cross-validation of results. The studies reveal that even a small degree of ovalness can affect mode shapes and velocities. The effect is more pronounced on the L(0,2) mode than on T(0,1) and this may be important for practical inspection applications.
A dose of exercise to kick-start your gastric bypass
Authors: Lanza Ian R.
Published: September 2015

Exercise after surgery significantly improves metabolic benefits of gastric bypass.
Fatal Pediatric Cerebral Malaria Is Associated with Intravascular Monocytes and Platelets That Are Increased with HIV Coinfection
Authors: Hochman Sarah E. , Madaline Theresa F. , Wassmer Samuel C. , Mbale Emmie , Choi Namjong , Seydel Karl B. , Whitten Richard O. , Varughese Julie , Grau Georges E. R. , Kamiza Steve , Molyneux Malcolm E. , Taylor Terrie E. , Lee Sunhee , Milner Danny A. , Kim Kami
Published: September 2015

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major contributor to malaria deaths, but its pathophysiology is not well understood. While sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes is thought to be critical, the roles of inflammation and coagulation are controversial. In a large series of Malawian children hospitalized with CM, HIV coinfection was more prevalent than in pediatric population estimates (15% versus 2%,
P
< 0.0001, chi-square test), with higher mortality than that seen in HIV-uninfected children (23% versus 17%,
P
= 0.0178, chi-square test). HIV-infected (HIV
+
) children with autopsy-confirmed CM were older than HIV-uninfected children (median age, 99 months versus 32 months,
P
= 0.0007, Mann-Whitney U test) and appeared to lack severe immunosuppression. Because HIV infection is associated with dysregulated inflammation and platelet activation, we performed immunohistochemistry analysis for monocytes, platelets, and neutrophils in brain tissue from HIV
+
and HIV-uninfected children with fatal CM. Children with autopsy-confirmed CM had significantly (>9 times) more accumulations of intravascular monocytes and platelets, but not neutrophils, than did children with nonmalarial causes of coma. The monocyte and platelet accumulations were significantly (>2-fold) greater in HIV
+
children than in HIV-uninfected children with autopsy-confirmed CM. Our findings indicate that HIV is a risk factor for CM and for death from CM, independent of traditional measures of HIV disease severity. Brain histopathology supports the hypotheses that inflammation and coagulation contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric CM and that immune dysregulation in HIV
+
children exacerbates the pathological features associated with CM.

IMPORTANCE
There are nearly 1 million malaria deaths yearly, primarily in sub-Saharan African children. Cerebral malaria (CM), marked by coma and sequestered malaria parasites in brain blood vessels, causes half of these deaths, although the mechanisms causing coma and death are uncertain. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high HIV prevalence, with 3 million HIV-infected (HIV
+
) children, but the effects of HIV on CM pathogenesis and mortality are unknown. In a study of pediatric CM in Malawi, HIV prevalence was high and CM-attributed mortality was higher in HIV
+
than in HIV-uninfected children. Brain pathology in children with fatal CM was notable not only for sequestered malaria parasites but also for intravascular accumulations of monocytes and platelets that were more severe in HIV
+
children. Our findings raise the possibility that HIV
+
children at risk for malaria may benefit from targeted malaria prophylaxis and that adjunctive treatments targeting inflammation and/or coagulation may improve CM outcomes.
The Widespread Multidrug-Resistant Serotype O12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clone Emerged through Concomitant Horizontal Transfer of Serotype Antigen and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Clusters
Authors: Thrane Sandra Wingaard , Taylor Véronique L. , Freschi Luca , Kukavica-Ibrulj Irena , Boyle Brian , Laroche Jérôme , Pirnay Jean-Paul , Lévesque Roger C. , Lam Joseph S. , Jelsbak Lars
Published: September 2015

The O-specific antigen (OSA) in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
lipopolysaccharide is highly varied by sugar identity, side chains, and bond between O-repeats. These differences classified
P. aeruginosa
into 20 distinct serotypes. In the past few decades, O12 has emerged as the predominant serotype in clinical settings and outbreaks. These serotype O12 isolates exhibit high levels of resistance to various classes of antibiotics. Here, we explore how the
P. aeruginosa
OSA biosynthesis gene clusters evolve in the population by investigating the association between the phylogenetic relationships among 83
P. aeruginosa
strains and their serotypes. While most serotypes were closely linked to the core genome phylogeny, we observed horizontal exchange of OSA biosynthesis genes among phylogenetically distinct
P. aeruginosa
strains. Specifically, we identified a “serotype island” ranging from 62 kb to 185 kb containing the
P. aeruginosa
O12 OSA gene cluster, an antibiotic resistance determinant (

gyrA
C248T

), and other genes that have been transferred between
P. aeruginosa
strains with distinct core genome architectures. We showed that these genes were likely acquired from an O12 serotype strain that is closely related to
P. aeruginosa
PA7. Acquisition and recombination of the “serotype island” resulted in displacement of the native OSA gene cluster and expression of the O12 serotype in the recipients. Serotype switching by recombination has apparently occurred multiple times involving bacteria of various genomic backgrounds. In conclusion, serotype switching in combination with acquisition of an antibiotic resistance determinant most likely contributed to the dissemination of the O12 serotype in clinical settings.

IMPORTANCE
Infection rates in hospital settings by multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
clones have increased during the past decades, and serotype O12 is predominant among these epidemic strains. It is not known why the MDR phenotype is associated with serotype O12 and how this clone type has emerged. This study shows that evolution of MDR O12 strains involved a switch from an ancestral O4 serotype to O12. Serotype switching was the result of horizontal transfer and genetic recombination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis genes originating from an MDR taxonomic outlier
P. aeruginosa
strain. Moreover, the recombination event also resulted in acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. These results impact on our understanding of MDR outbreak strain and serotype evolution and can potentially assist in better monitoring and prevention.
Blastomyces
Virulence Adhesin-1 Protein Binding to Glycosaminoglycans Is Enhanced by Protein Disulfide Isomerase
Authors: Beaussart Audrey , Brandhorst Tristan , Dufrêne Yves F. , Klein Bruce S.
Published: September 2015

Blastomyces
adhesin-1 (BAD-1) protein mediates the virulence of the yeast
Blastomyces dermatitidis
, in part by binding host lung tissue, the extracellular matrix, and cellular receptors via glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparan sulfate. The tandem repeats that make up over 90% of BAD-1 appear in their native state to be tightly folded into an inactive conformation, but recent work has shown that they become activated and adhesive upon reduction of a disulfide linkage. Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) of a single BAD-1 molecule interacting with immobilized heparin revealed that binding is enhanced upon treatment with protein disulfide isomerase and dithiothreitol (PDI/DTT). PDI/DTT treatment of BAD-1 induced a plateau effect in atomic force signatures that was consistent with sequential rupture of tandem binding domains. Inhibition of PDI in murine macrophages blunted BAD-1 binding to heparin
in vitro
. Based on AFM, we found that a short Cardin-Weintraub sequence paired with a WxxWxxW sequence in the first, degenerate repeat at the N terminus of BAD-1 was sufficient to initiate heparin binding. Removal of half of the 41 BAD-1 tandem repeats led to weaker adhesion, illustrating their role in enhanced binding. Mass spectroscopy of the tandem repeat revealed that the PDI-induced interaction with heparin is characterized by ruptured disulfide bonds and that cysteine thiols remain reduced. Further binding studies showed direct involvement of thiols in heparin ligation. Thus, we propose that the N-terminal domain of BAD-1 governs the initial association with host GAGs and that proximity to GAG-associated host PDI catalyzes activation of additional binding motifs conserved within the tandem repeats, leading to enhanced avidity and availability of reduced thiols.

IMPORTANCE
Pathogenic fungi and other microbes must adhere to host tissue to initiate infection. Surface adhesins promote this event and may be required for disease pathogenesis. We studied a fungal adhesin essential for virulence (BAD-1;
Blastomyces
adhesin-1) and found that host products induce its structural reconfiguration and foster its optimal binding to tissue structures.
Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage after catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kristanto William , Chan Po Fun , Yeong Siew Swan , Kojodjojo Pipin
Published: September 2015

Catheter ablation is established as a first-line therapy for most patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), with high success rates and very low complication rates. A 60-year-old woman developed severe right flank pain following straightforward catheter ablation for SVT. This was caused by a spontaneous right adrenal haemorrhage, which, after much delay, was eventually recognised as the cause of her symptoms. Adrenal haematomas are rare and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage occurring after any interventional cardiac procedure. Clinicians should be aware of this rare but potentially serious complication and consider it as a differential diagnosis in any patient with severe flank pain following interventional cardiac procedures, to prevent delays in diagnosis.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour metastatic to the epididymis
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Libbey Norman Peter , Somasundar Ponnandai , Katz Steven C
Published: September 2015

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are mesenchymal neoplasms with a propensity to metastasise to the liver and peritoneal cavity. Since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, outcomes for patients with metastatic GIST have improved dramatically. Secondary to the longevity in survival, patients may develop metastatic disease in very unusual locations, which poses significant diagnostic dilemmas and management challenges. We report a case of a patient with GIST who presented with an epididymal metastasis manifesting as a scrotal mass. Resistance to targeted medical therapies continues to pose a challenge, and our case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in such patients, including long-term follow-up.
Contribution to the design methodologies of piled raft foundations under combined loadings
Authors: Comodromos Emilios M. , Papadopoulou Mello C. , Laloui Lyesse
Published: September 2015

Although simplified design methods for piled raft foundations have been proposed to allow for the group effect and soil–pile–raft interaction, most of them are concentrated on one type of loading, rendering the applicability of these methods limited to cases under such loads. In the case of a combined pile raft foundation (CPRF), the structural loads are carried partly by the piles and partly by the raft as a function of the foundation settlement, rendering the CPRF a complex soil–structure interaction issue. Despite the recent development of computational resources and advances in numerical expertise, a detailed three-dimensional (3-D) numerical analysis, accounting for soil nonlinearities, nonlinear behavior of the interfaces between the soil, piles, and raft under various combinations of loadings remains impractical. The objective of this paper is to provide a rather simplified and straightforward design methodology for pile foundations under combined loadings. To achieve this goal, previous research works on the group effect under axial and lateral loading have been evaluated and the piles–raft interaction effect has been considered. The proposed procedure is fully compatible with structural software codes and can be straightforwardly applied to the design of the structural members, as it is able to effectively solve a CPRF under the numerous combinations of loadings required by most design codes.
Total Tanshinones-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy Via Reactive Oxygen Species in Lung Cancer 95D Cells
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Sun Wen , Zhao Wenwen , Hao Wenhui , Leung Chung-Hang , Lu Jinjian , Chen Xiuping
Published: September 2015

Tanshinones are a group of bioactive constituents isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a widely prescribed traditional Chinese herb. In the current study, the anticancer properties of total tanshinones (TDT) were evaluated using 95D lung cancer cells. Tanshinone IIA was identified as the main component of TDT. Compared with tanshinone IIA, TDT showed more cytotoxic effects on the 95D cells. Annexin V/7-AAD double staining, the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (Δψ), the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, and Bad, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were evidence of TDT-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TDT-induced autophagy as demonstrated by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and the up-regulation of autophagy-associated proteins, such as LC3-II, Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, and Atg12. Autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1, enhanced TDT-induced cell death. 3-MA pretreatment enhanced the TDT-induced up-regulation of Bax and cleaved-PARP. In addition, TDT induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC also reversed TDT-induced depolarization of Δψ, MDC staining, up-regulation of Bax, cleaved-PARP, Beclin-1, LC3-II, and cell viability. In conclusion, our findings showed that TDT-induced apoptosis and protective autophagy in 95D cells mediated by increasing intracellular ROS production.
Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor in CrSi2 film via Si:B addition
Authors: Hou Q. R. , Gu B. F. , Chen Y. B.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we report a large enhancement in the thermoelectric power factor in CrSi2 film via Si:B (1 at.% B content) addition. The Si:B-enriched CrSi2 films are prepared by co-sputtering CrSi2 and heavily B-doped Si targets. Both X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra confirm the formation of the crystalline phase CrSi2. Raman spectra also indicate the crystallization of the added Si:B. With the addition of Si:B, the electrical resistivity [Formula: see text] decreases especially at low temperatures while the Seebeck coefficient [Formula: see text] increases above 533 K. As a result, the thermoelectric power factor, [Formula: see text], is greatly enhanced and can reach [Formula: see text] at 583 K, which is much larger than that of the pure CrSi2 film.
How is Spatial Information Used in Environmental Impact Assessment in Kenya?
Authors: Mwenda Angela Nduta , Bregt Arnold K. , Ligtenberg Arend
Published: September 2015

Spatial information is being increasingly used worldwide within environmental impact assessment (EIA), although the extent of its use has not been exhaustively investigated. Using Kenya as a case study, EIA study reports submitted to the Environment Authority from 2002 to 2013 were investigated for the presence/absence of spatial presentations, levels of visual realism exhibited and content presented. Findings demonstrated a high popularity of spatial information, and preference for the combined use of spatial presentations with low and high levels of visual realism, with no clear preference for spatial presentations with either low or high levels of visual realism. A combination of project location and activities/details was the most popular content in the spatial presentations. Despite the lack of information, this study establishes that indeed spatial information is popular in Kenya and by doing so it sets the stage for further research on its specific use and value to EIA.
Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Copper Sulfide Nanoplates Composites as Efficient Photothermal Agents for Ablation of Cancer Cells
Authors: Hu Chaofan , Liu Yingliang , Rong Jianhua , Liu Qingqing
Published: September 2015

A novel strategy toward one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of copper sulfide nanoplates-decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO–CuS) composites was developed. CuS nanoplates were successfully loaded onto the surface of RGO in the hydrothermal procedure, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis–NIR and Raman spectroscopy. The as-synthesized RGO–CuS composites showed pronounced enhanced optical absorbance in near infrared (NR) region and higher photothermal conversion efficiency than noncomposite GO and CuS nanoplates. The RGO–CuS materials were used in photothermal ablation of cancer cells with a 980[Formula: see text]nm laser irradiation and showed improved performance than CuS nanoplates.
On paramedial division groupoids
Authors: Davidov Sergey
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we prove that regular paramedial division groupoids and binary regular paramedial division algebras are linear over an abelian group. Using this results we prove that every finitely generated paramedial division groupoid is a quasigroup and that every paramedial division groupoid is a homomorphic image of a paramedial quasigroup.
Local convergence of deformed Jarratt-type methods in Banach space without inverses
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh
Published: September 2015

We present a local convergence analysis for the Jarratt-type method of high convergence order in order to approximate a solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space. Our sufficient convergence conditions involve only hypotheses on the first Fréchet-derivative of the operator involved. Earlier studies use hypotheses up to the third Fréchet-derivative. Hence, the applicability of these methods is expanded under weaker hypotheses and less computational cost for the constants involved in the convergence analysis. Numerical examples are also provided in this study.
σ-Ideals in a 0-1 distributive lattice
Authors: Pawar Y. S. , Khopade S. S.
Published: September 2015

The notion of a [Formula: see text]-ideal in a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] distributive lattice is introduced and studied. Certain classes of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] distributive lattices such as normal lattices, complemented lattices, generalized Stone lattices are characterized by using the properties of [Formula: see text]-ideals. Stable ideals are defined and a necessary and sufficient condition for a [Formula: see text]-ideal to be stable is given.