bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Code-free machine learning for object detection in surgical video: a benchmarking, feasibility, and cost study
Authors: Unadkat Vyom , Pangal Dhiraj J. , Kugener Guillaume , Roshannai Arman , Chan Justin , Zhu Yichao , Markarian Nicholas , Zada Gabriel , Donoho Daniel A.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

While the utilization of machine learning (ML) for data analysis typically requires significant technical expertise, novel platforms can deploy ML methods without requiring the user to have any coding experience (termed AutoML). The potential for these methods to be applied to neurosurgical video and surgical data science is unknown.

METHODS

AutoML, a code-free ML (CFML) system, was used to identify surgical instruments contained within each frame of endoscopic, endonasal intraoperative video obtained from a previously validated internal carotid injury training exercise performed on a high-fidelity cadaver model. Instrument-detection performances using CFML were compared with two state-of-the-art ML models built using the Python coding language on the same intraoperative video data set.

RESULTS

The CFML system successfully ingested surgical video without the use of any code. A total of 31,443 images were used to develop this model; 27,223 images were uploaded for training, 2292 images for validation, and 1928 images for testing. The mean average precision on the test set across all instruments was 0.708. The CFML model outperformed two standard object detection networks, RetinaNet and YOLOv3, which had mean average precisions of 0.669 and 0.527, respectively, in analyzing the same data set. Significant advantages to the CFML system included ease of use, relatively low cost, displays of true/false positives and negatives in a user-friendly interface, and the ability to deploy models for further analysis with ease. Significant drawbacks of the CFML model included an inability to view the structure of the trained model, an inability to update the ML model once trained with new examples, and the inability for robust downstream analysis of model performance and error modes.

CONCLUSIONS

This first report describes the baseline performance of CFML in an object detection task using a publicly available surgical video data set as a test bed. Compared with standard, code-based object detection networks, CFML exceeded performance standards. This finding is encouraging for surgeon-scientists seeking to perform object detection tasks to answer clinical questions, perform quality improvement, and develop novel research ideas. The limited interpretability and customization of CFML models remain ongoing challenges. With the further development of code-free platforms, CFML will become increasingly important across biomedical research. Using CFML, surgeons without significant coding experience can perform exploratory ML analyses rapidly and efficiently.
An integrated risk model stratifying seizure risk following brain tumor resection among seizure-naive patients without antiepileptic prophylaxis
Authors: Jin Michael C. , Parker Jonathon J. , Prolo Laura M. , Wu Adela , Halpern Casey H. , Li Gordon , Ratliff John K. , Han Summer S. , Skirboll Stephen L. , Grant Gerald A.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The natural history of seizure risk after brain tumor resection is not well understood. Identifying seizure-naive patients at highest risk for postoperative seizure events remains a clinical need. In this study, the authors sought to develop a predictive modeling strategy for anticipating postcraniotomy seizures after brain tumor resection.

METHODS

The IBM Watson Health MarketScan Claims Database was canvassed for antiepileptic drug (AED)– and seizure-naive patients who underwent brain tumor resection (2007–2016). The primary event of interest was short-term seizure risk (within 90 days postdischarge). The secondary event of interest was long-term seizure risk during the follow-up period. To model early-onset and long-term postdischarge seizure risk, a penalized logistic regression classifier and multivariable Cox regression model, respectively, were built, which integrated patient-, tumor-, and hospitalization-specific features. To compare empirical seizure rates, equally sized cohort tertiles were created and labeled as low risk, medium risk, and high risk.

RESULTS

Of 5470 patients, 983 (18.0%) had a postdischarge-coded seizure event. The integrated binary classification approach for predicting early-onset seizures outperformed models using feature subsets (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.751, hospitalization features only AUC = 0.667, patient features only AUC = 0.603, and tumor features only AUC = 0.694). Held-out validation patient cases that were predicted by the integrated model to have elevated short-term risk more frequently developed seizures within 90 days of discharge (24.1% high risk vs 3.8% low risk, p < 0.001). Compared with those in the low-risk tertile by the long-term seizure risk model, patients in the medium-risk and high-risk tertiles had 2.13 (95% CI 1.45–3.11) and 6.24 (95% CI 4.40–8.84) times higher long-term risk for postdischarge seizures. Only patients predicted as high risk developed status epilepticus within 90 days of discharge (1.7% high risk vs 0% low risk, p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors have presented a risk-stratified model that accurately predicted short- and long-term seizure risk in patients who underwent brain tumor resection, which may be used to stratify future study of postoperative AED prophylaxis in highest-risk patient subpopulations.
Endoscopic endonasal transclival petroclival meningioma resection
Authors: Magill Stephen T. , McGahan Ben G. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M.
Published: April 2022

Petroclival meningiomas are surgically challenging due to the surrounding neurovascular structures. Petroclival meningiomas located inferior to the oculomotor nerve and superior or medial to the abducens nerve are ideal for an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach because this prevents the need to work across cranial nerves, limiting operative risk. The authors present a case of a 45-year-old woman with a growing petroclival meningioma that was distorting the pons. In the video they demonstrate the technique and discuss nuances of petroclival meningioma resection via an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach with posterior clinoidectomy.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.1.FOCVID21209
Combined transpetrosal approach for giant petroclival meningioma: 2-dimensional operative video
Authors: Vigo Vera , Asmaro Karam , Nuñez Maximiliano A. , Moyheldin Ahmed , Jackler Robert K. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C.
Published: April 2022

Petroclival meningiomas are extremally challenging lesions due to their deep location and close relation to critical neurovascular structures. Several approaches have been described to achieve gross-total resection with low morbidity and mortality. In this 2-dimensional operative video, the authors show a simultaneous combined transpetrosal approach. The patient is a 44-year-old woman with an 8-month history of gait imbalance with evidence of a giant petroclival meningioma on neuroimaging. She underwent a combined middle fossa approach with anterior petrosectomy and retrosigmoid/retrolabyrinthine approach to achieve gross-total tumor resection. The postoperative course was characterized by trigeminal neuralgia, and neuroimaging showed gross-total resection of the tumor.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.1.FOCVID21248
Determining the relationship between preoperative mental health scores and postoperative outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgeries
Authors: Morrissette Cole , Park Paul J. , Cerpa Meghan , Lenke Lawrence G.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the mental health domain of the refined 22-item Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Questionnaire (SRS) and various postoperative outcome measures in the adult spinal deformity (ASD) population. Given the scale and involved nature of deformity surgery, some surgeons have proposed that preoperative mental health scores (MHSs) may assist in screening out poor surgical candidates. In this study, the authors aimed to further assess the SRS MHS as a preoperative metric and its association with postoperative outcomes and to comment on its potential use in patient selection and optimization for ASD surgery.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone primary or revision ASD surgery at a single academic institution between 2015 and 2019. Each patient had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients were categorized on the basis of their baseline mental health per the SRS mental health domain, with a score < 4 indicating low baseline mental health (LMH) and a score ≥ 4 indicating high baseline mental health (HMH). Baseline and follow-up SRS and Oswestry Disability Index scores, surgical procedures, lengths of stay, discharge locations, intraoperative or postoperative complications, and other outcome metrics were then compared between the HMH and LMH groups, as well as these groups stratified by an age ≤ 45 and > 45 years.

RESULTS

Among patients aged ≤ 45 and those aged > 45, the LMH group had significantly worse baseline health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) metrics in nearly all domains. The LMH group also had an increased median estimated blood loss (EBL; 1200 vs 800 ml, p = 0.0026) and longer average surgical duration (8.3 ± 2.8 vs 6.9 ± 2.6 hours, p = 0.014). Both LMH and HMH groups had significant improvements in nearly all HRQOL measures postoperatively. Despite their worse preoperative HRQOL baseline, patients in the LMH group actually improved the most and reached the same HRQOL endpoints as those in the HMH group.

CONCLUSIONS

While patients with lower baseline MHSs may require slightly longer hospital courses or more frequent discharges to rehabilitation facilities, these patients actually attain greater absolute improvements from their preoperative baseline and surprisingly have the same postoperative HRQOL metrics as the patients with high MHSs, despite their poorer starting point. This finding suggests that patients with LMH may be uniquely positioned to substantially benefit from surgical intervention and improve their HRQOL scores and thus should be considered for ASD surgery to an extent similar to patients with HMH.
Characteristics of patients undergoing revision surgery for proximal junctional failure after adult spinal deformity surgery: revalidation of the Hart–International Spine Study Group proximal junctional kyphosis severity scale
Authors: Raj Aditya , Lee Chong-Suh , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Byeong-Jik , Shin Tae Soo , Park Se-Jun
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Score on the proximal junctional kyphosis severity scale (PJKSS) has been validated to show good correlations with likelihood of revision surgery for proximal junctional failure (PJF) after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD). However, if the patient has progressive neurological deterioration, revision surgery should be considered regardless of severity based on PJKSS score. This study aimed to revalidate the correlation of PJKSS score with likelihood of revision surgery in patients with PJF but without neurological deficit. In addition, the authors provide the cutoff score on PJKSS that indicates need for revision surgery.

METHODS

A retrospective study was performed. Among 360 patients who underwent fusion of more than 4 segments including the sacrum, 83 patients who developed PJF without acute neurological deficit were included. Thirty patients underwent revision surgery (R group) and 53 patients did not undergo revision surgery (NR group). All components of PJKSS and variables other than those included in PJKSS were compared between groups. The cutoff score on PJKSS that indicated need for revision surgery was calculated with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was performed to identify which variables were most predictive of revision surgery.

RESULTS

The mean patient age at the time of index surgery was 69.4 years, and the mean fusion length was 6.1 segments. All components of PJKSS, such as focal pain, instrumentation problem, change in kyphosis, fracture at the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV)/UIV+1, and level of UIV, were significantly different between groups. The average total PJKSS score was significantly greater in the R group than in the NR group (6.0 vs 3.9, p < 0.001). The calculated cutoff score was 4.5, with 70% sensitivity and specificity. There were no significant between-group differences in patient, surgical, and radiographic factors (other than the PJKSS components). Three factors were significantly associated with revision surgery on multivariate analysis: instrumentation problem (OR 8.160, p = 0.004), change in kyphosis (OR 4.809, p = 0.026), and UIV/UIV+1 fracture (OR 6.462, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

PJKSS score positively predicted need for revision surgery in patients with PJF who were neurologically intact. The calculated cutoff score on PJKSS that indicated need for revision surgery was 4.5, with 70% sensitivity and specificity. The factor most responsible for revision surgery was bony failure with > 20° focal kyphotic deformity. Therefore, early revision surgery should be considered for these patients even in the absence of neurological deficit.
A Case of Orbital Inflammatory Disease Related to Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Hashmi S.S. , McCullagh K.L.
Published: April 2022

Giant cell arteritis is a common pathology in older patients, and often imaging is not necessary. However, the rare, associated orbital inflammatory disease may be the initial presenting symptom that prompts imaging; therefore, radiologists should be aware of this association and imaging
features.
Być kobietą i być mężczyzną, czy być człowiekiem po Edenie? Rdz 3,16-19 raz jeszcze przemyślane
Authors: Lemański Janusz Adam
Published: April 2022

Rdz 3,(14-)16-19 w tradycyjnej interpretacji rozumiane jest jako opis wyroku za złamanie Bożego zakazu. Wypowiedzi zawarte w tych wierszach najczęściej rozumiane są więc jako kara nałożona na węża (w. 14-15), kobietę (w. 16) i mężczyznę (ww. 17-19). W artykule podjęta jest jednak i analizowana sugestia, aby wypowiedzi te interpretować najpierw wyłącznie jako etiologię rzeczywistości społecznej aktualnej w czasach autor biblijnego, a potem także jako opis sytuacji dotyczący całej ludzkości (w obu wypadkach kobiet i mężczyzn), a nie samej kobiety (cierpienie z powodu licznych ciąż), czy samego tylko mężczyzny (ciężka praca na roli i śmierć).
The Conjugal communio amoris in the Apostolic Exhortations "Familiaris Consortio" and "Amoris Laetitia"
Authors: Bukalski Sławomir , Falewicz Adam
Published: April 2022

The concept of marital communio amoris expressed in the apostolic exhortations Familiaris Consortio of John Paul II and Amoris Laetitia of Pope Francis is the subject of this paper. In theology, this phrase has generally been used to describe the relationship of the Divine Persons in the Trinity. The phrase communio amoris in relation to marriage and family comes from the theological thought of John Paul II. The Pope used this term several times in the exhortation. An important issue is the reference of the phrase “communion of love” to spouses entering into a sacramental union. Pope Francis, although he uses the phrase to refer to Trinitarian relationships, does not explicitly use this expression to refer to marital relationships. Communio amoris, however, can be read into the concept of marital love presented in Amoris Laetitia.
Płeć ludzka a tajemnica wcielenia Syna Bożego według św. Augustyna
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Sylwester
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie spojrzenia św. Augustyna na płeć ludzką (sexus), obecnego w jego nauczaniu na temat wcielenia Syna Bożego. Z uwagi na znaczną rozpiętość zagadnienia artykuł koncentruje się na najbardziej reprezentatywnym komentarzu Augustyna do pierwszych rozdziałów Księgi Rodzaju: De Genesi ad litteram libri duodecim. Dzieło to jest cennym świadectwem nauczania o boskim pochodzeniu płci. „Człowiek” (homo) w dostępnej Augustynowi wersji łacińskiej Rdz 1,26–27 to zarówno „mężczyzna” (mas, masculus), jak i „kobieta” (femina, mulier). Kobieta różni się od mężczyzny fizjonomią i cechami biologicznymi, inne różnice wynikają z uwarunkowań życia społecznego, jednak co do godności bycia stworzoną na obraz Boży kobieta jest równa mężczyźnie. Tak jak w Chrystusie objawia się pełna godność płci męskiej, tak w Matce Chrystusa objawia się pełna godność płci kobiecej. Zdaniem Augustyna Chrystus, choć mógł z żebra czy z jakiegoś innego członka ciała Maryi stworzyć własne ciało, a więc pokazać w swoim ciele, iż po raz wtóry potrafiłby zdziałać to, co się stało przez cud stworzenia, to jednak przez wcielenie unaocznił, że w czystym ciele matki, tym samym jej płci kobiecej, nie ma nic zawstydzającego. Kobiety zmartwychwstaną w swoich ciałach kobiecych, w których uwydatni się ich piękno otrzymane w momencie stworzenia
Natchnienie, prawda i zbawienie w ujęciu Henryka Witczyka
Authors: Zatwardnicki Sławomir
Published: April 2022

W artykule dokonano prezentacji oraz krytycznej oceny treści monografii Henryka Witczyka Natchnienie. Prawda. Zbawienie. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono zagadnienie natchnienia, prawdy oraz zbawienia w ujęciu autora książki. Za dokumentem Natchnienie i prawda Pisma Świętego Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej (PKB) rozpatruje on pojęcie natchnienia w ramach objawienia Bożego na tle różnego sposobu pochodzenia ksiąg biblijnych od Boga. Wspólnym mianownikiem genezy świętych pism okazuje się wiara hagiografa w Boga. Witczyk wskazuje następnie, że w Nowym Testamencie księgi są natchnione za pośrednictwem Słowa Wcielonego, podkreśla aktywność Ducha Świętego w autorach natchnionych oraz w natchnionym tekście – księgi Pisma są zarazem natchnione, jak i inspirujące. Prawdę Pisma Świętego autor łączy z faktem natchnienia – tylko słowo od Boga może mówić o Bogu. Witczyk ukazuje oryginalny charakter prawdy Pisma Świętego i za dokumentem PKB wymienia najważniejsze jej cechy. Dokonuje również przekonującej apologii wiarygodności naocznych świadków kluczowych wydarzeń historii zbawienia oraz ich oralnego świadectwa. Biblista analizuje następnie związek między objawieniem Boga a zbawieniem człowieka. Poświęca uwagę przede wszystkim soteriologii Księgi Apokalipsy. Realizacja zamiaru ukazania organicznego związku między natchnieniem, prawdą i zbawieniem wydaje się nie do końca udana. W drugiej części recenzji wyrażone zostały pewne uwagi krytyczne, które nie deprecjonują jednak wagi monografii
Physicochemical Evaluation of Formulation of Ashwagandharista Prepared by Traditional and Modern Method
Authors: A. Nagre Sachin , Kazi Md. , Pise Shilpa , G. Pise Ajay , N. Mahajan Ujwala
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Ashwagandharista is an Ayurvedic polyherbal hydro-alcoholic preparation and is used as Rasayana. Rasayanas are used to promote health and longevity by increasing defence against disease. The chief ingredient of Ashwagandharista is roots of ashwagandha and has many actions on body like anti-ageing, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, anxiety, depression, stress, cardiovascular protection etc. Aim: The aim of this study is standardization and comparative evaluation of Ashwagandharista prepared by traditional and modern method. Objective: The objective of this research is standardization and comparative evaluation of Ashwagandharista to improve the specific method and reduce the time-consuming process in preparation of Ashwagandharista. Methodology: The methods used for the physicochemical evaluation and standardization of formulation of Ashwagandharista prepared by traditional and modern method were TLC and HPTLC. Results: The physicochemical evaluation of formulation of Ashwagandharista prepared by traditional and modern method were comparatively evaluated and results found to be under limits as well as safe and effective of both the formulation of Ashwagandharista. Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that the time required for formulation of Ashwagandharista prepared by different methods (Traditional & Modern method) can be reduced up to 20 % by modification in the process without affecting quality and efficacy of formulation.
Investigating the Synergistic In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Standardized Fruit Extract of Eugenia jambolana and Standardized Fruit Extract Piper nigrum Combinations
Authors: Kadawla Mamta
Published: April 2022

After searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and other pharmaceutical databases, it was discovered that no combined anti-inflammatory viewpoints of Eugenia jambolana fruit extract and Piper nigrum fruit extract have been published in an in vitro technique (human red blood cells, HRBC). To investigate the synergistic activity, the E. jambolana standardized fruit extract (EJSFE) and P. nigrum standardized fruit extract (PNSFE) were screened together. EJSFE gave 27.23 percent membrane stabilization/protection in HRBCs at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, whereas PNSFE supplied 32.31 percent membrane stabilization/protection in HRBCs. The anti-inflammatory impact was raised to 58.63 percent when the extracts EJSFE and PNSFE were evaluated combined (at a concentration of 250 μg/mL each). When both extracts were administered at the same time, the anti-inflammatory effect increased by 25 percent to 30 percent. Flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids are phytoconstituents present in plant material that play a significant role in mediating anti-inflammatory effects by blocking several inflammatory enzymes. The extract’s strong phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid content worked together to stabilize the HRBC membrane in a synergistic way. This paper will pave the way for future research into the creation of novel herbal formulations for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammation.
Buchholzia coriacea: An African Plant with Pharmacological Importance
Authors: Shende Madhukar , Kar Mahapatra Debarshi
Published: April 2022

Capparidaceae family includes the evergreen shrub Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful cola), which may be found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Nigeria, and Ghana, among other locations. Diarrhea, malaria, rheumatism, ulcers, worm infestation, asthma and cough, diabetes, hypertension, mental disorders, and impotence were among the diseases for which conventional medicine saw it as a viable alternative therapy. Some of its ethnomedicinal knowledge have been ethnopharmacologically validated and published in peer-reviewed journals. As a consequence, the focus of this research is on a current assessment of its confirmed ethnomedicinal activities, which will serve as a research horizon for present and future researchers
Applications Perspectives of Emulsomes Drug Delivery System
Authors: P. Ghode Shweta , D. Ghode Prashant
Published: April 2022

Oral administration is the most basic, cost-effective, and significant method of pharmaceutical administration. As a consequence, scientists have struggled to improve dose formulations, especially for extended-release applications. Low bioavailability, protection from the harsh stomach environment, and protection from degrading gastric enzymes are all challenges that vesicular drug delivery techniques were devised to solve. Emulsomes are a novel lipoidal vesicular system with an internal solid fat core coated by a phospholipid bilayer that avoids many of the flaws of prior systems. This method is designed to be used as a carrier for poorly soluble medications. Emulsomes enclose the drug, allowing it to remain in the systemic circulation for longer. Also becoming more frequently available are emulsomal-based formulations of genetic medications with evident systemic use, such as antisense oligonucleotides and plasmids for gene therapy. This study analyses the idea of emulsomal drug delivery, describes the effectiveness of emulsomes for the delivery of small molecules, and focuses on formulation design, benefits, biopharmaceutical features, stability issues, and other elements of drug delivery, as well as future considerations.
Natural Extracts and Compounds for Treating Various Respiratory Disease Conditions
Authors: Hedaoo Sameer
Published: April 2022

Respiratory disorders damage the organs and tissues of the respiratory system, making it harder for organisms to exchange gases. These ailments may be caused by a variety of factors, including infection and air pollution. As the world advances as a consequence of countless industrial breakthroughs, air contaminants have increased, resulting in a rise in the number of illnesses communicated via the air. Although there are medications available to treat these conditions, there are many plants that naturally contain components that may be used to treat them. The purpose of this research is to understand more about the many plants that are utilized to treat respiratory issues across the globe. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken utilizing many databases to support this investigation. The data was analyzed, and the plants were classified based on the sorts of respiratory ailments for which they are used. According to the study’s results, there are a variety of medicinal and traditional plants that may be used to treat almost every respiratory ailment. As a consequence, there may be cheaper alternatives to the market’s often-expensive synthetic medications. We may be able to employ traditional herbal medicine to replace synthetic treatments, which will help to lessen the side effects that are often associated with commercial pharmaceuticals.
Virosome Delivery System: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Ansari Mojabir Hussen
Published: April 2022

A virosome is a revolutionary hybrid drug delivery system that combines the advantages of viral and non-viral vectors. According to study, virosomes may carry a range of physiologically active molecules such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, and small chemical compounds. Surface modifications in virosomes might be leveraged to allow for tailored drug administration using virosome-based devices. On the market today, there are a number of virosome-based preventative and therapeutic drugs with outstanding safety profiles. Cancer treatment is a key battlefield for virosome-based medication delivery technologies. This research covers the fundamental concept, manufacturing techniques, operating mechanisms, preclinical studies, and clinical applications of virosomes.
Natural Medicinal Resources for Treating Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Dhiman Anju , Singla Chhavi , Vishal  , Kumar Brijesh
Published: April 2022

Inflammation is a part of the intricate biological response of vascular tissues to undesirable stimuli such as infections, damaged cells, or irritants. Symptoms include redness, swollen joints, joint soreness, stiffness, and loss of joint function. Inflammation is now treated using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs, however, increase the chance of blood clots, which may lead to heart attacks and strokes. As a consequence, the development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs based on natural substances is being studied. Natural products are a great source for the creation of innovative medications due to their chemical diversity. Many inflammation-related disorders may be treated with a natural product made from medicinal plants. The most often prescribed anti-inflammatory medicine has a slew of undesirable side effects. Because of these negative effects, researchers are looking for novel medications that have fewer or no side effects. Hundreds of phytoconstituents have been reported to have a range of pharmacological effects, however most of these researches are just of academic interest, and only a few make it into clinical trials. The purpose of this research is to assemble data on phytochemicals from herbal plants that have been tested in inflammatory models using cutting-edge scientific approaches.
Perspectives of Anti-Cancer Phytoconstituents in Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Asati Vivek
Published: April 2022

With 8.8 million people dying each year, cancer is the world’s second largest cause of mortality. Kidney cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer are more common in males, whereas breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, and stomach cancer are more common in women. Several medicines, such as taxanes like paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine, are derived from plants and are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for use in cancer therapy. Nonetheless, a range of bioactive sources must be identified as soon as possible in order to develop a novel anti-cancer therapy for this chronic illness. More than thirty plant-derived natural compounds have been identified and are now being tested in clinical studies. According to a literature study of numerous papers and texts, novel therapeutic compounds generated from bioactive sources have been proven to be therapeutically efficacious against various types of cancer cells. The present study focuses on new therapeutic compounds derived from plants that have been proven in clinical trials to cure a range of malignancies. This paper also provided and analyzed the most significant findings of these effective new therapeutic medicines.
Habilidades de liderazgo del directivo de instituciones educativas
Authors: López Olea José Fernando
Published: April 2022

El liderazgo de los directivos recuerda que las competencias, habilidades y capacidades, no son centradas en el quehacer administrativo, sino que debe ser plural promoviendo acciones en lo financiero, académico, pedagógico, administrativo y de otros rubros que sean necesarios para la organización, como lo son las relaciones públicas. En tal sentido el objetivo es analizar las habilidades de liderazgo que ejercen los directivos de instituciones educativas y con ello identificar la relevancia de cada una de ellas. La población fueron directivos de cinco instituciones de educación superior privada de México, para ello se realizó un cuestionario a través de un instrumento validado con la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach cuyo valor fue de 0.700, con una fiabilidad del 95 % y una precisión de menos del 10 %, lo anterior a través de la herramienta de software estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) en su versión 21. De esta manera, se comprende que el liderazgo incluye diferentes habilidades que no emanan de una condición individual, sino que participan de la mano con dinámicas globales relativas a la organización y al contexto generando a través de ello posicionamientos estratégicos
Barriers to the Participation of the Traditional Leadership Institution in Promoting Rural Agricultural Development: The Case of Agricultural Projects
Authors: Wiseman Ndlovu , Marizvikuru Mwale , Jethro Zuwarimwe
Published: April 2022

The Traditional Leadership Institution (TLI) is constitutionally recognised to promote rural development in South Africa. It works with local government in a cooperative governance system to support agricultural development. However, it is increasingly viewed as a weaker development partner that lacks initiative and understanding of its sector-specific roles. This explains why, since the dawn of democracy in 1993, the TLI has not been fully integrated to drive rural modernisation and development. This challenge entrenches the status quo and contributes to the failure of important economic sectors like agriculture to uplift the livelihoods of rural communities. This exploratory study investigated factors that deter the TLI from effectively participating in community practices that promote agricultural development in South Africa. Data was collected from traditional leaders and council members; farmers participating in agricultural projects; municipal officials; and extension service officers in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Focus group discussions and face-to-face interviews were used. The findings reveal four broad themes that describe barriers to participation. Barriers of a “political and relational” nature emerged as the most prominent. Further, the barriers were found to be horizontal, diagonal and vertical related. Studying and examining the complex network linkages of the barriers that were identified is critical for understanding the failure of the TLI to contribute meaningfully to agricultural development. Such an understanding serves as a springboard for adapting and devising appropriate intervention measures that could improve the integration of the TLI and community decision practices that promote agricultural development.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in the South African Private Sector: The Initiative is Right, but the Timing is wrong
Authors: Malatji T L , Mabeba S J
Published: April 2022

The era of life-long employment is probably coming to an end for many people in South Africa due to technological developments. This will affect the population which keeps on growing. The 4IR will affect the employed citizens through loss of jobs. The first, second, and third revolutions cut jobs and created new jobs and new industries, especially in developed countries. The Fourth Industrial Revolution reduces jobs due to the introduction of technological facilities in the work environment. Naturally, revolutions are disruptive, as the 4IR holds all the powers to create whole new industries or sectors while completely destroying others. In destroying other sectors, people are being retrenched because their services are no longer necessarily required. Individuals will always need emotional and personified interactions with other humans, which robots can never replace. Technology may be ready, but that does not mean all South African individuals are ready for such developments. This paper aims to highlight the impact of the 4IR in the private sector and its effect on unemployment and retrenchment in South Africa. The paper is purely theoretical, as it relied heavily on secondary data such as articles, books, and newspapers. Nevertheless, proposed recommendations were guided by the findings of the study.
Elternsein in der Corona-Pandemie: Ein Fokus auf das Erleben in der Elternrolle
Authors: Geissler Svenja , Reim Julia , Sawatzki Barbara , Walper Sabine
Published: April 2022

Eltern standen während der COVID-19-Pandemie vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht anhand des pairfam-Panels für 609 Mütter und 339 Väter Veränderungen im Erleben in der Elternrolle zwischen 2019 und Sommer 2020 und prüft mögliche Risikofaktoren für ein vermehrtes Belastungs- und Inkompetenzerleben. Bei Müttern und Vätern nahm Hilflosigkeit in der Elternrolle zwischen den Messzeitpunkten zu, während das Gefühl, den Bedürfnissen der Kinder gerecht werden zu können, abnahm. Vermehrte Hilflosigkeit erlebten Mütter, wenn mindestens ein Kita-Kind im Haushalt lebte. Mütter, die neben der Arbeit Kinder zu betreuen hatten, waren hinsichtlich der Erfüllung kindlicher Bedürfnisse im Nachteil.
The two-scale-transformation method
Authors: Wiedemann David
Published: April 2022

We present the two-scale-transformation method which allows rigorous homogenisation of problems defined in locally periodic domains. This method transforms such problems into periodic domains in order to facilitate the passage to the limit. The idea of transforming problems into periodic domains originates from the homogenisation of problems defined in evolving microstructure and has been applied in several works. However, only the homogenisation of the periodic substitute problems was proven, whereas the method itself was just postulated (i.e. the equivalence to the homogenisation of the actual problem had to be assumed). In this work, we develop this idea further and formulate a rigorous two-scale convergence concept for microscopic transformation. Thus, we can prove that the homogenisation of the periodic substitute problem is equivalent to the homogenisation of the actual problem. Moreover, we show a new two-scale transformation rule for gradients which enables the derivation of new limit problems that are now transformationally independent.
The evaluation of glutamine supplementation into the diet on the growth performance, intestinal structure and function of striped catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) fry
Authors: Dewi Uttari , Jusadi Dedi , Setiawati Mia , Nuryati Sri
Published: April 2022

A triplicate experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of glutamine supplementation in the diet on the structure and function of intestine and the growth performance of striped catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus. Forty fishes with an initial body weight of 0.82 ± 0.01 g were distributed into a rectangular aquarium with a size of 60×50×40 cm and a water volume of 70 L. Fish were fed on the diet supplemented with glutamine of either 0, 1, 2, or 3%, respectively. Fish were fed on the diet at satiation for 60 days. Results showed that fish fed on the diet supplemented with 1, and 2% of glutamine significantly had the highest growth performance, including specific growth rate, protein retention, and feed efficiency. On the other hand, feeding on a diet supplemented with 3% of glutamine did not significantly affect the growth performance of fish. Fish in 1% and 2% glutamine treatments had better structure and function of intestine than two other groups of fish, namely the ratio of intestine length with body length, villus surface area, and protease enzyme activity. Thus, supplementation of 1% and 2% glutamine in the diet improves the structure and function of intestine and the growth performance of striped catfish.

Abstrak

Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan glutamin pada pakan terhadap struktur dan fungsi usus, serta kinerja pertumbuhan ikan patin Pangasius hypopthalmus. Ikan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 40 ekor dengan bobot awal 0,82 ± 0,01 g dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 60 × 50 × 40 cm dan volume air 70 L. Ikan diberi pakan uji dengan penambahan glutamin 0, 1, 2, dan 3%. Ikan diberi pakan uji secara at satiation selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan glutamin 1% dan 2% secara signifikan menghasilkan kinerja pertumbuhan tertinggi, termasuk laju pertumbuhan spesifik, retensi protein, dan efisiensi pakan. Di sisi lain, pakan yang ditambah dengan glutamin 3% tidak signifikan memengaruhi kinerja pertumbuhan ikan. Ikan uji pada perlakuan glutamin 1% dan 2% menghasilkan struktur dan fungsi usus yang lebih baik dibanding perlakuan lainnya, yakni rasio panjang usus dengan panjang tubuh, luas permukaan vili dan aktivitas enzim protease. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan glutamin 1% dan 2% pada pakan meningkatkan struktur dan fungsi usus serta kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan patin.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Hermawati Hermawati
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the existence of the influence of work discipline and work culture on the performance of the employees of the Bengkulu City Water Supply Company. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression, multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, t test and F test. This type of research is an explanative type of research in which obtaining information and field data is carried out by field surveys through direct observation using a questionnaire. The data used in this research is quantitative data in the form of data on the number of employees at the Regional Drinking Water Company in Bengkulu City and qualitative data in the form of the history of the establishment of a company being studied. While the data collection techniques in this study are primary and secondary data sources, in which primary data is in the form of questionnaires and observation, while secondary data is in the form of documentation and literature study and the sampling technique uses the census method by taking a sample of a number of existing populations.
MENGUJI DESAIN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PROVIDER TELKOMSEL(STUDI EMPIRIS KONSUMEN DI KOTA SOLO)
Authors: Islamiati Rifka , Jalari Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The aim of the researcher is to examine and find out some of the factors that are considered to have an effect on the purchasing decision of the telkomsel provider. Marketing design which includes variables of brand image, price, promotion has an effect onpurchasing decisions of Telkomsel providers. The method used is purposive sampling. This research population used unlimited population because it is not known exactly how many consumers. The sample was taken using the Roscoe formula with the number of respondents 40. The analysis technique was using multiple linear regression. With the results of the marketing design, brand image, price, and promotion variables simultaneously influence purchasing decision variables. Partially, there is a positive and significant influence on the brand image variable on purchasing decisions. There is a negative but significant effect on the price variable on purchasing decisions. There is a positive and significant influence on the promotion variable on purchasing decisions
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KETEPATAN WAKTU PELAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Oktafiyanti Assri Nuur Tri , Syahadatina Rika
Published: April 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of the corporate governance mechanism consisting of:managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and audit committee, on the timeliness offinancial reporting. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The population used bythe researcher is a manufacturing company in the consumer goods industry sector and thebasic and chemical industry sector. The sample used is purposive sampling, which is asample selected from the population with certain criteria so that the financial statements of30 manufacturing companies are obtained. The test results show that all variables have asignificant effect both simultaneously and partially, namely the managerial ownershipvariable shows significant results, meaning that managerial ownership affects the timelinessof financial reporting. Institutional ownership variable shows significant results, meaningthat institutional ownership affects the timeliness of financial reporting. The audit committeevariable shows significant results, meaning that the audit committee has a significant effecton the timeliness of financial reporting. Meanwhile, the simultaneous test shows significantresults, which means that Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, and the AuditCommittee have a significant effect on the timeliness of financial reporting. The limitations ofthis study are the lack of a broad research area in manufacturing and only focusing on a fewsectors in manufacturing companies, this research can be a reference for companies toimprove Corporate Governance Mechanisms so that companies become more developed.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS� SELF-EFFICACY AND ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS AT EIGHT GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 09 BENGKULU TENGAH
Authors: Serasi Reko , Fransiska Istia
Published: April 2022

The aims of this research are to know the correlation between students� self-efficacy and their speaking skill at first semester at eight grade junior high school 09 Bengkulu Tengah. In this research used a correlation research to find out the relationships between two or more variables studied without any attempt to influence them. This study has two variables, variable (X) is students Self-Efficacy and variable (Y) is speaking skill. The researcher was carried out at SMPN 09 Bengkulu Tengah. The population was first semester at eight grade of junior high school 09 Bengkulu Tengah, there were 128 students. Out of this population, 30 students were taken as sample. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The researcher used questionnaire to obtain the data of Self-Efficacy categories and speaking test to obtain data their speaking skill. To test correlation, the researcher uses two ways: calculating manually by using Pearson�s Correlation Prosuct Moment formula and by using SPSS program. From the calculation, the correlation coefficient is 0,864 (the value of rcount). The critical values of rtable on the significant level of 5% with N=30, and rtable = 0,361. It means that rcount was higher than rtable (0,864 > 0,361). The hypothesis accepted in this research was the alternative (H1), while the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. The finding showed that there is a positive correlation between Students Self-efficacy and speaking skill.
AN ANALYSIS ON WOMEN�S LANGUAGE FEATURE USED BY JACINDA ARDEN IN SPEECH ABOUT COVID-19
Authors: Herman Herman , Sinurat Vivi Lastiar , Marpaung Tiarma Intan , Sihombing Partohap Saut Raja
Published: April 2022

This study aims to find out women�s language feature used by Jacinda Arden in speech about COVID-19. The researchers conducted the study with Lakoff�s theory. This research investigates the type and function of women�s language in speech about COVID-19 used by Jacinda Arden. The research formulated a question as the problem �What are the women�s language feature used by Jacinda Arden in speech about COVID-19?� to find out the women�s language feature used by Jacinda Arden in speech about COVID-19. The researchers used qualitative research design by employing content analysis to answer the research question. There were 2 research instrument used in this research, they were the researchers as the human research and observation sheet. The researchers conducted the research by using the record and video script of Jacinda Arden in her speeches about COVID-19 that delivered on March 21 and April 6, 2020. The result of this study showed not all types of women�s language feature used Jacinda Arden. The researchers found seven types of women�s language feature. Those feature are divided into lexical hedges 18,15%, rising intonation 0,89%, empty adjectives 1,19%, intensifier 16,96, hypercorrect grammar 20,83%, super polite form 1,19%, and emphatic stress 40,77%. The absent women�s language features are tag question, price color term, and avoidance of using strong swear words. The most dominant women�s language feature is emphatic stress function of emphatic stress in this speech is to emphasize the main idea or word that she wanted to focus on.
AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN MICHAEL JACKSON SONG LYRICS
Authors: Herman Herman , Lumbantobing Dewi Sri , Sinurat Bloner
Published: April 2022

This research aims to find out the figurative language in Michael Jackson song lyrics. Therefore, the researchers formulated a question as the problem. As follows: (1) what are the kinds of figurative language in Michael Jackson�s song lyrics? (2) What is the dominant type of figurative language in Michael Jackson�s song lyrics? This research used Perrine theories to analysis kinds of figurative language in Michael Jackson song lyrics. There are 12 types of figurative language according to Perrine they are: simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, synecdoche, metonymy, symbol, allegory, paradox, hyperbole/overstatement, understatement, and irony. The researchers used qualitative design because data are collected by using document in form of word and a procedure of systematic analysis of context text (words, phrase, sentences, document, etc), analysis content by qualitative enable researchers to understand the text by grouping words that have same meaning into categories. The researchers used ten song from the website Genius.com as an instrument to find the data to be analyzed based types of figurative language. The researchers finding showed that are 6 types of figurative language that found in Michael Jackson�s Songs namely: personification, apostrophe, metaphor, hyperbole, simile and symbol. While, there are 6 types of figurative language weren�t found in Michael Jackson�s Songs namely: synecdoche, metonymy, allegory, paradox, understatement, and irony. After analyzing all the data the researchers found the types of figurative language are dominantly used in Michael Jackson�s songs are hyperbole consists of 11 sentences (30%).