bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change begins with us: Culturally reflexive relationality as a path to social justice
Authors: Longerbeam Susan Diana , Chávez Alicia Fedelina
Published: July 2021

Intercultural collaboration for transformational change in higher education conveyed us as scholar activists, one Mestiza and one Northern–Western European, on a 10‐year journey of reflexive practice, rooted in exploring and navigating underlying meanings and mores in our cultural ontologies. Using reflexivity, curiosity, and generosity, scholar practitioners purposefully crafted intercultural pathways for teaching, research, writing, and speaking, while negotiating cultural meanings, power, and inequities. We offer pragmatic approaches for intercultural reflexive collaboration in scholarship and practice, for social justice and equity in higher education and student affairs.
Faith got us through: Using scholarly personal narrative to explore spirituality and transition in a higher education graduate program
Authors: Travers Christopher S. , Gaston Miyah A.
Published: July 2021

Drawing on scholarly personal narrative as a methodological technique, this article aims to catalog the ways in which faith served as an anchor in the transition for both a Black graduate student and faculty member in a Higher Education Administration graduate preparation program. Using the Hebrew Biblical text as a guide, the authors share their reflections on research, teaching, and service. Practical recommendations for both Higher Education faculty and graduate students are provided.
Laboratory tests on the fatigue behavior of damaged reinforced concrete beams under constant‐amplitude fatigue loading
Authors: Ouyang Xiangsen , Luo Xiaoyong , Liu Jie , Wang Jun , Zou Hongbo
Published: July 2021

In this study, constant‐amplitude fatigue tests were first performed on two types of reinforced concrete beams containing corroded reinforcements and carbonized concrete (involving corroded reinforcements). Then, the stiffness degradation behavior and the failure modes of these beams were analyzed. The results show that the stiffness of a beam first rapidly decreased and then slowly decreased under constant‐amplitude fatigue loading. In addition, the corrosion ratio of the reinforcement could affect the failure mode, and fatigue failure occurred in the compression zone of the concrete. Subsequently, a degradation equation of the bending stiffness for a damaged beam and a deflection equation that considers fatigue loads and accumulated damage were proposed. Furthermore, a staged linear curve for predicting the fatigue life of a reinforced concrete beam within certain corrosion ratio ranges was developed.
Comparative transcriptomics and network analysis define gene coexpression modules that control maize aleurone development and auxin signaling
Authors: Wu Hao , Becraft Philip W.
Published: July 2021

The naked endosperm1 (nkd1), naked endosperm2 (nkd2), and thick aleurone1 (thk1) genes are important regulators of maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm development. Double mutants of nkd1 and nkd2 (nkd1,2) show multiple aleurone (AL) cell layers with disrupted AL cell differentiation, whereas mutants of thk1 cause multiple cell layers of fully differentiated AL cells. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of nkd1,2 and thk1 mutant endosperm transcriptomes to study how these factors regulate gene networks to control AL layer specification and cell differentiation. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was incorporated with published laser capture microdissected transcriptome datasets to identify a coexpression module associated with AL development. In this module, both Nkd1,2+ and Thk1+ appear to regulate cell cycle and division, whereas Nkd1,2+, but not Thk1+, regulate auxin signaling. Further investigation of nkd1,2 differentially expressed genes combined with published putative targets of auxin response factors (ARFs) identified 61 AL‐preferential genes that may be directly activated by NKD‐modulated ARFs. All 61 genes were upregulated in nkd1,2 mutant and the enriched Gene Ontology terms suggested that they are associated with hormone crosstalk, lipid metabolism, and developmental growth. Expression of a transgenic DR5–red fluorescent protein auxin reporter was significantly higher in nkd1,2 mutant endosperm than in wild type, supporting the prediction that Nkd1,2+ negatively regulate auxin signaling in developing AL. Overall, these results suggest that Nkd1,2+ and Thk1+ may normally restrict AL development to a single cell layer by limiting cell division, and that Nkd1,2+ restrict auxin signaling in the AL to maintain normal cell patterning and differentiation processes.
Supplemental thiamine as a practical, potential way to prevent Alzheimer's disease from commencing
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

It is better to attempt stopping Alzheimer's disease (AD) before it starts than trying to cure it after it has developed. A cerebral scan showing deposition of either amyloid or tau identifies those elderly persons whose cognition is currently normal but who are at risk of subsequent cognitive loss that may develop into AD. Synaptic hypometabolism is usually present in such at‐risk persons. Although inadequate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may cause synaptic hypometabolism, that may not be the entire cause because, in fact, measurements in some of the at‐risk persons have shown normal ATP levels. Thiamine deficiency is often seen in elderly, ambulatory persons in whom thiamine levels correlate with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores. Thiamine deficiency has many consequences including hypometabolism, mitochondrial depression, oxidative stress, lactic acidosis and cerebral acidosis, amyloid deposition, tau deposition, synaptic dysfunction and abnormal neuro‐transmission, astrocyte function, and blood brain barrier integrity, all of which are features of AD. Although the clinical benefits of administering supplementary thiamine to patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment have been mixed, it is more likely to succeed at preventing the onset of cognitive loss if administered at an earlier time, when the number of aberrant biochemical pathways is far fewer. Providing a thiamine supplement to elderly persons who still have normal cognition but who have deposition of either amyloid or tau, may prevent subsequent cognitive loss and eventual dementia. A clinical trial is needed to validate that possibility.
Story-Making and Photography: The Visual Essay and Migration
Authors: Krase Jerome , Shortell Timothy
Published: July 2021

It can be argued that migrants express their own agency, via spatial practices, to change the meanings of the spaces and places they occupy and use. Although they are not the most powerful agents in our glocalized world, they nevertheless sometimes consciously and more often unconsciously, compete with others to visually define their micro-worlds for themselves and, therefore, for more powerful others as well (Krase & Shortell, 2015). Of course, migrants move, but they also settle and can establish more or less permanent enclaves. As students of mid- to large-scale urban change, we focus on commercial neighborhood vernacular landscapes which we argue have the greatest visual impact on observers. As we argue here, special attention should be paid to the visible products of their settlement which are enacted in local vernacular landscapes. For example, markets, places of worship, and even the patterns of dress of people on the street can serve as powerful semiotics or “markers” of change due to migration. It must be noted at the outset that social scientist, like ordinary observers, must avoid the common tendency to essentialize these visible signs that contribute to the problem of stereotyping social groups.
The CKM phase and $$ \overline{\theta} $$ in Nelson-Barr models
Authors: Valenti Alessandro , Vecchi Luca
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We analyze the Nelson-Barr approach to the Strong CP Problem. We derive the necessary conditions in order to simultaneously reproduce the CKM phase and the quark masses. Then we quantify the irreducible contributions to the QCD topological angle, namely the corrections arising from loops of the colored fermion mediators that characterize these models. Corrections analytic in the couplings first arise at 3-loop order and are safely below current bounds; non-analytic effects are 2-loop order and decouple as the mediators exceed a few TeV. We discuss collider, electroweak, and flavor bounds and argue that most of the parameter space above the TeV scale is still allowed in models with down-type mediators, whereas other scenarios are more severely constrained. With two or more families of mediators the dominant experimental bound is due to the neutron electric dipole moment.
Cutkosky rules and unitarity (violation) in D-instanton amplitudes
Authors: Sen Ashoke
Published: July 2021

Abstract

In perturbative amplitudes in quantum field theory and string field theory, Cutkosky rule expresses the anti-hermitian part of a Feynman diagram in terms of sum over all its cut diagrams, and this in turn is used to prove unitarity of the theory. For D-instanton contribution to a string theory amplitude, the cutting rule needed for the proof of unitarity is somewhat different; we need to sum over only those cut diagrams for which all the world-sheet boundaries ending on some particular D-instanton lie on the same side of the cut. By working with the closed string effective action, obtained after integrating out the open string modes, we prove that the D-instanton amplitudes actually satisfy these cutting rules, provided the effective action is real. The violation of unitarity in the closed string sector of two dimensional string theory can be traced to the failure of this reality condition. In the critical superstring theory, multi-instanton and multi anti-instanton amplitudes satisfy the reality condition. Contribution to the amplitudes from the instanton anti-instanton sector satisfies the reality condition if we make a specific choice of integration cycle over the configuration space of string fields, whereas contribution due to the non-BPS D-instantons will need to either vanish or have an overall real normalization in order for it to give real contribution. We use Picard-Lefschetz theory to argue that these conditions are indeed satisfied in superstring theories.
Contracting cosmologies and the swampland
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Brandenberger Robert
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We consider the cosmology obtained using scalar fields with a negative potential energy, such as employed to obtain an Ekpyrotic phase of contraction. Applying the covariant entropy bound to the tower of states dictated by the distance conjecture, we find that the relative slope of the potential |V′|/|V| is bounded from below by a constant of the order one in Planck units. This is consistent with the requirement to obtain slow Ekpyrotic contraction. We also derive a refined condition on the potential which holds near local minima of a negative potential.
Dynamics of R-neutral Ramond fields in the D1-D5 SCFT
Authors: Lima A. A. , Sotkov G. M. , Stanishkov M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We describe the effect of the marginal deformation of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 4) super-conformal (T4)N/SN orbifold theory on a doublet of R-neutral twisted Ramond fields, in the large-N approximation. Our analysis of their dynamics explores the explicit analytic form of the genus-zero four-point function involving two R-neutral Ramond fields and two deformation operators. We compute this correlation function with two different approaches: the Lunin-Mathur path-integral technique and the stress-tensor method. From its short distance limits, we extract the OPE structure constants and the scaling dimensions of non-BPS fields appearing in the fusion. In the deformed CFT, at second order in the deformation parameter, the two-point function of the n-twisted Ramond fields is UV-divergent. We perform an appropriate regularization, together with a renormalization of the undeformed fields, obtaining finite, well-defined corrections to their two-point functions and their bare conformal weights, for n < N. The fields with maximal twist n = N remain protected from renormalization, with vanishing anomalous dimensions.
Disentangling observable dependence in SCETI and SCETII anomalous dimensions: angularities at two loops
Authors: Bauer Christian W. , Manohar Aneesh V. , Monni Pier Francesco
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The resummation of radiative corrections to collider jet observables using soft collinear effective theory is encoded in differential renormalization group equations (RGEs), with anomalous dimensions depending on the observable under consideration. This observable dependence arises from the ultraviolet (UV) singular structure of real phase space integrals in the effective field theory. We show that the observable dependence of anomalous dimensions in SCETIproblems can be disentangled by introducing a suitable UV regulator in real radiation integrals. Resummation in the presence of the new regulator can be performed by solving a two-dimensional system of RGEs in the collinear and soft sectors, and resembles many features of resummation in SCETIItheories by means of the rapidity renormalization group. We study the properties of SCETIwith the additional regulator and explore the connection with the system of RGEs in SCETIItheories, highlighting some universal patterns that can be exploited in perturbative calculations. As an application, we compute the two-loop soft and jet anomalous dimensions for a family of recoil-free angularities and give new analytic results. This allows us to study the relations between the SCETIand SCETIIlimits for these observables. We also discuss how the extra UV regulator can be exploited to calculate anomalous dimensions numerically, and the prospects for numerical resummation.
Alternating optimization of design and stress for stress-constrained topology optimization
Authors: Zhai Xiaoya , Chen Falai , Wu Jun
Published: July 2021

Handling stress constraints is an important topic in topology optimization. In this paper, we introduce an interpretation of stresses as optimization variables, leading to an augmented Lagrangian formulation. This formulation takes two sets of optimization variables, i.e., an auxiliary stress variable per element, in addition to a density variable as in conventional density-based approaches. The auxiliary stress is related to the actual stress (i.e., computed by its definition) by an equality constraint. When the equality constraint is strictly satisfied, an upper bound imposed on the auxiliary stress design variable equivalently applies to the actual stress. The equality constraint is incorporated into the objective function as linear and quadratic terms using an augmented Lagrangian form. We further show that this formulation is separable regarding its two sets of variables. This gives rise to an efficient augmented Lagrangian solver known as the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In each iteration, the density variables, auxiliary stress variables, and Lagrange multipliers are alternatingly updated. The introduction of auxiliary stress variables enlarges the search space. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed formulation and solution strategy using simple truss examples and a dozen of continuum structure optimization settings.
Hybrid dynamic logic institutions for event/data-based systems
Authors: Hennicker Rolf , Knapp Alexander , Madeira Alexandre
Published: July 2021

We propose

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic as a formal foundation for the specification and
development of event-based systems with data states. The framework is presented
as an institution in the sense of Goguen and Burstall and the logic itself is
parametrised by an underlying institution

D
→

whose structures are used to
model data states.

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic is intended to cover a broad range of
abstraction levels from abstract requirements specifications up to constructive
specifications. It uses modal diamond and box operators over complex actions
adopted from dynamic logic. Atomic actions are pairs [inline-graphic not available: see fulltext] where
e
is an event and

ψ

a state transition predicate capturing the allowed
reactions to the event. To write concrete specifications of recursive process
structures we integrate (control) state variables and binders of hybrid logic.
The semantic interpretation relies on event/data transition systems. For the
presentation of constructive specifications we propose operational event/data
specifications allowing for familiar, diagrammatic representations by state
transition graphs. We show that

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic is powerful enough to
characterise the semantics of an operational specification by a single

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-sentence. Thus the whole (formal) development process for
event/data-based systems relies on

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic and its semantics as a common
basis. It is supported by a variety of implementation constructors which can
express, among others, event refinement and parallel composition. Due to the
genericity of the approach, it is also possible to change a data state
institution during system development when needed. All steps of our formal
treatment are illustrated by a running example.
Analysing an autonomous tramway positioning system with the
Uppaal
Statistical Model Checker
Authors: Basile Davide , Fantechi Alessandro , Rucher Luigi , Mandò Gianluca
Published: July 2021

The substitution of traditional occupancy detecting sensors with an
Autonomous Positioning System (APS) is a promising solution to
contain costs and improve performance of current tramway signalling
systems. APS is an onboard system using satellite positioning and
other inertial platforms to autonomously estimate the position of
the tram with the needed levels of uncertainty and protection.
However, autonomous positioning introduces, even in absence of
faults, a quantitative uncertainty with respect to traditional
sensors. This paper investigates this issue in the context of an
industrial project: a model of the envisaged solution is proposed,
and it is analysed using
Uppaal
Statistical Model Checker.
A novel model-driven hazard analysis approach to the exploration of
emerging hazards is proposed. The analysis emphasises how the
virtualisation of legacy track circuits and on-board satellite
positioning equipment may give rise to new hazards, not present in
the traditional system.
One view or two views for wide-angle tomosynthesis with synthetic mammography in the assessment setting?
Authors: Clauser Paola , Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Kapetas Panagiotis , Woitek Ramona , Weber Michael , Leone Federica , Bernathova Maria , Helbich Thomas H.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance in the assessment setting of three protocols: one-view wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis (WA-DBT) with synthetic mammography (SM), two-view WA-DBT/SM, and two-view digital mammography (DM).

Methods

Included in this retrospective study were patients who underwent bilateral two-view DM and WA-DBT. SM were reconstructed from the WA-DBT data. The standard of reference was histology and/or 2 years follow-up. Included were 205 women with 179 lesions (89 malignant, 90 benign). Four blinded readers randomly evaluated images to assess density, lesion type, and level of suspicion according to BI-RADS. Three protocols were evaluated: two-view DM, one-view (mediolateral oblique) WA-DBT/SM, and two-view WA-DBT/SM. Detection rate, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated and compared using multivariate analysis. Reading time was assessed.

Results

The detection rate was higher with two-view WA-DBT/SM (p = 0.063). Sensitivity was higher for two-view WA-DBT/SM compared to two-view DM (p = 0.001) and one-view WA-DBT/SM (p = 0.058). No significant differences in specificity were found. Accuracy was higher with both one-view WA-DBT/SM and two-view WA-DBT/SM compared to DM (p = 0.003 and > 0.001, respectively). Accuracy did not differ between one- and two-view WA-DBT/SM. Two-view WA-DBT/SM performed better for masses and asymmetries. Reading times were significantly longer when WA-DBT was evaluated.

Conclusions

One-view and two-view WA-DBT/SM can achieve a higher diagnostic performance compared to two-view DM. The detection rate and sensitivity were highest with two-view WA-DBT/SM. Two-view WA-DBT/SM appears to be the most appropriate tool for the assessment of breast lesions.

Key Points

• Detection rate with two-view wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis (WA-DBT) is significantly higher than with two-view digital mammography in the assessment setting.

• Diagnostic accuracy of one-view and two-view WA-DBT with synthetic mammography (SM) in the assessment setting is higher than that of two-view digital mammography.

• Compared to one-view WA-DBT with SM, two-view WA-DBT with SM seems to be the most appropriate tool for the assessment of breast lesions.
Investigation of the steady and unsteady forces acting on a pair of circular cylinders in crossflow up to ultra-high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Schewe Günter , van Hinsberg Nils Paul , Jacobs Markus
Published: July 2021

Measurements of the steady and unsteady forces acting on a pair of circular cylinders in crossflow are performed from subcritical up to ultra-high Reynolds numbers. The two cylinders with equal diameters d are arranged inline at two centre-to-centre distances: S/d = 2.8 and 4. The trend of the drag curve for the upstream cylinder $$Cd_{1}$$

C

d
1

(Re) at both distances is similar to that for a single circular cylinder. The development of the drag curves $$Cd_{2}$$

C

d
2

(Re, S/d = 2.8, 4) of the downstream cylinder is inverse to that of the upstream cylinder. For both cylinder spacing values, the drag on the downstream cylinder is negative for subcritical Reynolds numbers, increases abruptly to positive values at the beginning of the supercritical regime, and shows a significant dip at transcritical Reynolds numbers. This drag inversion indicates that the critical distance Sc decreases sharply in the supercritical Reynolds number range. For S/d = 2.8 at Re$$\rightarrow$$
→
10$$^{7}$$

7

, the downstream cylinder experiences once more a thrust force. The curve of the Strouhal number St(Re) of the downstream cylinder for S/d = 4 is very close to that of a single cylinder. For Reynolds numbers of Re$$\approx$$
≈
1$$\times$$
×
10$$^{6}$$

6

- 7$$\times$$
×
10$$^{6}$$

6

, the Strouhal numbers have nearly equal values of St$$\approx$$
≈
0.22 - 0.24 for both distances. This is followed by a branching. For Re$$\rightarrow$$
→
10$$^{7}$$

7

and the case S/d = 2.8, the Strouhal numbers dip at St = 0.17. However, for S/d = 4, they increase up to St = 0.27. In the supercritical range, two peaks occur in the power spectra for the large distance S/d = 4. Based on a wavelet analysis, we can conclude that the low-frequency mode, which does not occur for a single cylinder, is an interference effect.

Graphic abstract
Spindle cell lesions of the breast: a diagnostic approach
Authors: Rakha Emad A. , Brogi Edi , Castellano Isabella , Quinn Cecily
Published: July 2021

Spindle cell lesions of the breast comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions, ranging from reactive and benign processes to aggressive malignant tumours. Despite their rarity, they attract the attention of breast pathologists due to their overlapping morphological features and diagnostic challenges, particularly on core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens. Pathologists should recognise the wide range of differential diagnoses and be familiar with the diverse morphological appearances of these lesions to make an accurate diagnosis and to suggest proper management of the patients. Clinical history, immunohistochemistry, and molecular assays are helpful in making a correct diagnosis in morphologically challenging cases. In this review, we present our approach for the diagnosis of breast spindle cell lesions, highlighting the main features of each entity and the potential pitfalls, particularly on CNB. Breast spindle cell lesions are generally classified into two main categories: bland-appearing and malignant-appearing lesions. Each category includes a distinct list of differential diagnoses and a panel of immunohistochemical markers. In bland-appearing lesions, it is important to distinguish fibromatosis-like spindle cell metaplastic breast carcinoma from other benign entities and to distinguish fibromatosis from scar tissue. The malignant-appearing category includes spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma, stroma rich malignant phyllodes tumour, other primary and metastatic malignant spindle cell tumours of the breast, including angiosarcoma and melanoma, and benign mimics such as florid granulation tissue and nodular fasciitis.
The contribution of environmental and dispersal filters on phylogenetic and taxonomic beta diversity patterns in Amazonian tree communities
Authors: Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Pitman Nigel C. A. , ter Steege Hans , Peralvo Manuel , Cerón Carlos , Fine Paul V. A.
Published: July 2021

Environmental and dispersal filters are key determinants of species distributions of Amazonian tree communities. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of environmental and dispersal filters is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover of Amazonian tree communities. We compare measures of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in 41 one-hectare plots to test the relative importance of climate, soils, geology, geomorphology, pure spatial variables and the spatial variation of environmental drivers of phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover in Ecuadorian Amazon tree communities. We found low phylogenetic and high taxonomic turnover with respect to environmental and dispersal filters. In addition, our results suggest that climate is a significantly better predictor of phylogenetic turnover and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils at all spatial scales. The influence of climate as a predictor of phylogenetic turnover was stronger at broader spatial scales (50 km2) whereas geomorphology and soils appear to be better predictors of taxonomic turnover at mid (5 km2) and fine spatial scales (0.5 km2) but a weak predictor of phylogenetic turnover at broad spatial scales. We also found that the combined effect of geomorphology and soils was significantly higher for taxonomic turnover at all spatial scales but not for phylogenetic turnover at large spatial scales. Geographic distances as proxy of dispersal limitation was a better predictor of phylogenetic turnover at distances of 50 < 500 km. Our findings suggest that climatic variation at regional scales can better predict phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils.
Analysis of the Triboelectrostatic Charging Behaviour of a Synthetic Sulfidic Copper Ore
Authors: Gehringer Sabrina , Flachberger Helmut
Published: July 2021

In this study, several tests were performed to analyse the triboelectrostatic charging behaviour of an artificially mixed sulfidic copper ore consisting of quartz and chalcopyrite. To check the surface charge of the pure mineral samples, they were analysed in a self-developed triboelectrostatic charging unit. After that, the artificially mixed sulfidic copper ore was sorted by using a triboelectrostatic belt separator.

The objective of the study is to generate basic knowledge about the triboelectrostatic charge behaviour and furthermore the sortability by using electrostatic separation. All separation tests were carried out under controlled ambient conditions.
Suicidal ideation, distress, and related factors in a population of cancer patients treated in a general acute hospital
Authors: Senf Bianca , Bender Bernd , Fettel Jens
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Suicidality and suicidal ideation (SI) in oncology has long been an underestimated danger. Although there are cancer-specific distress screening tools available, none of these specifically incorporates items for SI. We examined the prevalence of SI in cancer patients, investigated the relation between SI and distress, and tried to identify additional associated factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with patients treated for cancer in a primary care hospital was conducted. Psychosocial distress and SI in 226 patients was assessed. An expert rating scale (PO-Bado-SF) and a self-assessment instrument (QSC-R23) were used to measure distress. SI was assessed with item 9 of the PHQ-9. Data was descriptively analyzed, and correlations and group comparisons between clinically distressed and non-distressed patients were calculated.

Results

SI was reported by 15% of patients. Classified as clinically distressed were 24.8% (QSC-R23) to 36.7% (PO-Bado-SF). SI was correlated with externally (rτ = 0.19, p < 0.001) and self-rated distress (rτ = 0.31, p < 0.001). Symptoms sufficiently severe for at least a medium major depressive episode were recorded in 23.5% of patients (PHQ-9). Factors associated with SI were feeling bad about oneself, feeling down, depressed, and hopeless, deficits in activities of daily life, psycho-somatic afflictions, social restrictions, and restrictions in daily life. Being in a steady relationship seemed to have a protective effect.

Conclusions

SI is common in cancer patients. Distress and associated factors are increased in patients with SI. A distress screening with the ability to assess SI could be an important step in prevention, but more research is necessary.
Seasonal differences in migration strategies of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) wintering in Spain
Authors: García-Macía Jorge , Vidal-Mateo Javier , De La Puente Javier , Bermejo Ana , Raab Rainer , Urios Vicente
Published: July 2021

Red Kite shows a great variability in its migration strategies: most individuals in north-eastern Europe are migrants, but there is also a growing number of sedentary individuals. Here, we tagged 49 Red Kites wintering in Spain with GPS/satellite transmitters between 2013 and 2020 to study the autumn and spring migration between the breeding or summering areas in Central Europe and the wintering quarters in Spain. In first place, differences between immatures and adults were found for spring migration. Adults began the spring migration towards the northeast in February–March while the immature individuals began to migrate significantly later and showing a wider date range (February-June). Adults also takes significantly less days to arrive at their destinations (12 ± 5 days) and cover more distance per day (134.2 ± 37.1 km/day) than immatures (19 ± 11 days and 98.9 ± 21.2 km/day). In second place, we also found differences between spring and autumn migration (excluding immatures). Spring migrations were clearly faster and with less stopovers days than autumn migrations. Autumn migration began between mid-October and late November and two different behaviours were observed: most birds made a quick migration direct to the wintering areas with only some days of stopovers, but others prolonged the migration with long stops along the route. These results highlight a great variation in the migratory movements of Red Kite, not only according to age but also between individuals and seasons.
Working beyond SPA and the trajectories of cognitive and mental health of UK pensioners: Do gender, choice, and occupational status matter?
Authors: Xue Baowen , Pai Manacy , Luo Minhao
Published: July 2021

We assessed the association between work status beyond state pension age (SPA) and the long-term trajectories of cognitive and mental health for men and women separately, and the extent to which this relationship is conditioned by their occupational status and whether the choice to retire or continue working is voluntary or involuntary. Data are pensioners (aged between SPA and SPA + 9) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing waves 4 (2008/09) through 9 (2018/19). The analytic sample includes 959 men and 1217 women when considering cognitive outcomes and 1131 men and 1434 women when evaluating depression. Findings based on growth curve models reveal that, compared to women who retired at SPA and without any particular reason, their peers who retired due to frailing health reported a more precipitous decline in memory over time (coefficient = −0.10). However, analysis stratified by occupation shows that this association between ill-health retirement and long-term memory decline was concentrated among older women of the highest occupational status. We also found that men who retired or worked past SPA voluntarily reported a better baseline verbal fluency and were less likely to report depression over time (coefficient for work = 0.80; coefficient for retired = 0.87). Women who worked past SPA voluntarily were less likely to report depression at baseline (OR = 0.53). Policies that extend work life should offer older people more personal control over decision surrounding retirement.
Deposit insurance and reinsurance
Authors: Britz Volker , Gersbach Hans , Haller Hans
Published: July 2021

We study the consequences and optimal design of bank deposit insurance and reinsurance in a general equilibrium setting. The model involves two production sectors, financed by bonds and bank loans, respectively. Financial intermediation by banks is required in the model as we assume that one of the production sectors is risky and requires monitoring by banks. Households fund banks through deposits and equity. Deposits are explicitly insured and banks pay a premium per unit of deposits. Any remaining shortfall is implicitly guaranteed by the government. Two types of equilibria emerge: One type of equilibria supports the Pareto optimal allocation. In the other type, bank lending and the default risk are excessively large. The intuition is as follows: the combination of financial intermediation by banks, limited liability of bank shareholders, and deposit insurance makes deposits risk-free from the individual households’ perspective, although they involve risk from the societal point of view. This distorts investment choices and the resulting input allocation to production sectors. We show, however, that a judicious combination of deposit insurance and reinsurance eliminates all non-optimal equilibrium allocations. Our paper thus may provide a benchmark result for policy proposals advocating deposit insurance cum reinsurance.
Risk-targeted hazard maps for Spain
Authors: Kharazian A. , Molina S. , Galiana-Merino J. J. , Agea-Medina N.
Published: July 2021

Many studies have demonstrated that the design of structures in a region through the uniform hazard principle does not guarantee a uniform collapse risk. Even in regions with similar Peak Ground Accelerations (PGAs) corresponding to the same mean return period, the seismic risk in terms of collapse probability will be significantly different mainly due to the shape of the hazard curves as well as uncertainties in structural capacities. In this paper, risk-targeted hazard mapping is being explored in peninsular Spain using a recently updated seismic hazard map. Since risk targeting involves multiple input parameters such as the model parameters of fragility curves, their variability was considered through their probability distribution as observed in reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame buildings, representing the most common building typology in Spain. The influence of the variation of these parameters on the risk results were investigated, and different assumptions for estimating the model parameters of fragility curves are illustrated. These assumptions were included in a fixed (generic) fragility curve or building-site-specific fragility curves. Different acceptable damage states (i.e., collapse and yielding) were considered concerning Spain’s seismicity level. Finally, the maps for risk-targeted design ground motions and risk coefficients are presented. It is outlined that the employment of risk-targeted analysis leads to the modifications for existing design ground motions due to the different shape of the hazard curves across Spain and considering the uncertainty of structural capacity. Moreover, it is found that using the building- and site-specific fragility curves could result in a more uniform seismic risk across the country.
Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review
Authors: Christensen Hans B. , Hail Luzi , Leuz Christian
Published: July 2021

This study collates potential economic effects of mandated disclosure and reporting standards for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability topics. We first outline key features of CSR reporting. Next, we draw on relevant academic literatures in accounting, finance, economics, and management to discuss and evaluate the potential economic consequences of a requirement for CSR and sustainability reporting for U.S. firms, including effects in capital markets, on stakeholders other than investors, and on firm behavior. We also discuss issues related to the implementation and enforcement of CSR and sustainability reporting standards as well as two approaches to sustainability reporting that differ in their overarching goals and materiality standards. Our analysis yields a number of insights that are relevant for the current debate on mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting. It also points scholars to avenues for future research.
Sigmoid volvulus: definitive surgery is safe and should be considered in all instances
Authors: Hardy Niall P. , McEntee Philip D. , McCormick Paul H. , Mehigan Brian J. , Larkin John O.
Published: July 2021

Background

Acute sigmoid volvulus (ASV) represents a small but significant portion of cases of large bowel obstruction, especially in the elderly and co-morbid. Given the characteristics of the patient cohort most commonly affected, a non-operative/conservative approach is often undertaken but is associated with a high rate of recurrence.

Objective

We sought to evaluate outcomes for those patients who underwent non-operative management, emergency surgery or staged, semi-elective surgery following decompression for ASV at our institution.

Methods

Hospital in-patient enquiry (HIPE) data were used to identify all patients who presented with sigmoid volvulus between January 2005 and June 2020 inclusive. Patient notes were interrogated, including surgical and endoscopic procedures performed. Patient demographics and co-morbidities were recorded.

Results

Thirty-nine patients were treated over a 15-year period with a mean age of 73 years at first presentation (range 36–93). Twenty-two patients (56%) had just a single admission for ASV with three deaths in this group.

Seventeen patients (44%) had more than one admission with volvulus due to recurrence after a decompression-only strategy on the index admission. Of these, three succumbed to complications of their subsequent episodes of volvulus.

Twenty-five patients underwent surgical intervention (fifteen on, or shortly following, their first admission and ten following at least two admissions for ASV). The overall mortality in the operative group was 2/25 (8%) with both deaths in those undergoing emergency surgeries. Five patients were treated successfully with endoscopic measures alone and had required no further interventions at the time of compiling data.

Conclusion

There is a high recurrence rate following non-operative management of acute sigmoid volvulus and consequently, a cumulative increase in the attendant significant morbidity and mortality with subsequent episodes. Given the relatively low complication rate of definitive surgery, even in those patients perceived to be high risk, we contend that all patients should be considered for early surgery to prevent the likely recurrence of sigmoid volvulus.
How coaches’ need-supportive and controlling behaviors are related to different (mal)adaptive outcomes in water polo players: a person-centered approach
Authors: Abós Ángel , Murillo Miguel , Sevil-Serrano Javier , García-González Luis
Published: July 2021

The relationship between both coaches’ need-supportive and controlling behaviors and different athletes’ motivational outcomes has been previously examined. However, little is known about the coexistence of coaches’ need-supportive and controlling behaviors in the sports context and even less, about what coach’s motivating style configuration may yield the most and the least adaptive pattern of outcomes in relation to athletes’ motivating experiences. Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to identify coach motivating style groups based on athletes’ perceptions of need-supportive and four controlling behaviors (i.e., controlling use of rewards, negative conditional regard, intimidation, and personal control), and to examine their differences in terms of athletes’ motivational outcomes and sport commitment. Using a sample of 658 young water polo players (Mage = 14.76, SD = 1.36), results revealed five distinct coach motivating style groups. A coexistence of need-supportive and controlling use of rewards was identified among athletes in two groups. The “very low support-high control” group yielded the most maladaptive outcomes, while the “high support-low control” group was the most optimal style, even when compared to coaches that combined high need-supportive and controlling practices. This study provides deeper insights on how athletes may perceive simultaneously coach’s need-supportive and controlling behaviors, and how some controlling practices imply a higher motivational cost among athletes.
Visible Light-Responsive N-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications
Authors: Du Shiwen , Lian Juhong , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: July 2021

Photocatalysis based on semiconductors has recently been receiving considerable research interest because of its extensive applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy generation. Various semiconductor-based materials that are vital to solar energy utilization have been extensively investigated, among which titanium oxide (TiO2) has attracted considerable attention because of its exceptional physicochemical characteristics. However, the sluggish responsiveness to visible light in the solar spectrum and the inefficient separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs hamper the practical application of TiO2materials. To overcome the aforementioned serious drawbacks of TiO2, numerous strategies, such as doping with foreign atoms, particularly nitrogen (N), have been improved in the past few decades. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update and description of the recent developments of N-doped TiO2materials for visible light-responsive photocatalysis, such as (1) the preparation of N-doped/co-doped TiO2photocatalysts and (2) mechanistic studies on the reasons for visible light response. Furthermore, the most recent and significant advances in the field of solar energy applications of modified N-doped TiO2are summarized. The analysis indicated the critical need for further development of these types of materials for the solar-to-energy conversion, particularly for water splitting purposes.
Association between public media and trends in new acute coronary syndrome presentations during the first COVID‑19 wave in the Netherlands
Authors: Derks L. , Sturkenboom H. N. , Zaal M. , Houterman S. , Woudstra P. , Tio R. A. , van Veghel H. P. A.
Published: July 2021

Background

We aimed to evaluate the association between public media and trends in new presentations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in the Netherlands.

Methods

New ACS presentations per week in 73 hospitals during the first half of 2019 and 2020 were retrieved from the national organisation Dutch Hospital Data and incidence rates were calculated. Stratified analyses were performed by region, type of ACS and patient characteristics.

Results

After the first confirmed COVID‑19 case and during lockdown, numbers declined by up to 41% (95% confidence interval (CI): 36–47%) compared to 2019. This reduction was more pronounced for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (48%; 95% CI: 39–55%) and unstable angina (UA; 50%; 95% CI: 40–59%) than for STEMI (34%; 95% CI: 23–43%). There was no association between ACS and COVID‑19 incidence rate per region. After the steep decline, a public campaign encouraged patients not to postpone hospital visits. Numbers then increased, without a rebound effect. Trends were similar irrespective of sex, age or socio-economic status. During the outbreak, compared to coronary artery bypass graft procedures, relatively more (acute) percutaneous coronary interventions for NSTEMI and UA were performed.

Conclusion

New ACS presentations decreased by up to 41%. Lockdown measures and public campaigns, rather than COVID‑19 incidence, were associated with significant changes in new ACS presentations. Even though causality cannot be established, this emphasises the role of the public media and healthcare organisations in informing patients to prevent underdiagnoses of ACS and associated health damage.
Analysing the Fatigue Behaviour and Residual Stress Relaxation of Gradient Nano-Structured 316L Steel Subjected to the Shot Peening via Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Maleki Erfan , Unal Okan , Guagliano Mario , Bagherifard Sara
Published: July 2021

In this study, the effect of kinetic energy of the shot peening process on microstructure, mechanical properties, residual stress, fatigue behavior and residual stress relaxation under fatigue loading of AISI 316L stainless steel were investigated to figure out the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and failure. Varieties of experiments were applied to obtain the results including microstructural observations, measurements of hardness, roughness, induced residual stress and residual stress relaxation as well as axial fatigue test. Then deep learning approach through neural networks was used for modelling of mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of shot peened material. Comprehensive parametric analyses were performed to survey the effects of different key parameters. Afterward, according to the results of neural network analysis, further experiments were performed to optimize and experimentally validate the desirable parameters. Based on the obtained results the favorable range of shot peening coverage regarding improved mechanical properties and fatigue behavior was identified as no more than 1750% considering Almen intensity of 21 A (0.001 inch).

Graphic abstract
Co-parenting and Marital Satisfaction Predict Maternal Internalizing Problems When Expecting a Second Child
Authors: Yalcintas Sumeyra , Pike Alison
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Internalizing problems during and after pregnancy are important for parenting and child outcomes. The study aimed to understand correlates (i.e., marital satisfaction, co-parenting) of maternal internalizing problems during pregnancy with a second child.

Method

We investigated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms of mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy with their second children. Fifty-one mothers and their firstborn children were visited in their homes and mothers completed questionnaires.

Results

Results showed that co-parenting and marital satisfaction were related to internalizing outcomes. More specifically, co-parenting predicted depression  and stress  when controlling for marital satisfaction, whereas marital satisfaction predicted anxiety over co-parenting.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of studying prenatal internalizing problems differentially and can inform future intervention studies to prevent poor psychological outcomes.