bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poème sonore/ chant māori. Enquête sur le « Toto-vaca » de Tristan Tzara
Authors: Schawe Stefan
Published: November 2024

À partir d’une recherche philologique de provenance, cet article retrace l’histoire de « Toto-vaca », un chant māori qui circule encore aujourd’hui en tant que poème sonore attribué à Tristan Tzara. Au-delà des différentes tentatives d’appropriation, de décontextualisation et de réinterprétation dont il a été l’objet, notre attention s’est portée surtout sur la genèse du texte, dont les premières traces remontent au carnet de notes d’un ethnologue. Afin de mettre sur un pied d’égalité la circulation occidentale des oratures transcrites par des Européens et les interprétations autochtones du texte, la collaboration avec des acteurs locaux issus des communautés sources s’est imposée. Exposant les résultats de cette enquête collaborative, l’article met en évidence les apports de la recherche philologique de provenance pour l’édition de littératures orales qui ont fait l’objet d’une appropriation littéraire.
Petite histoire musicale d’une relation d’oisellerie. Variations autour d’un chant d’oiseau brésilien
Authors: Vandevelde Laurie
Published: November 2024

L’organisation de compétitions de chants d’oiseaux, un loisir répandu au Brésil, est au cœur d’une tradition d’oisellerie ancienne qui met à l’honneur le sporophile curio. Modifié par des générations d’oiseleurs et enseigné par eux au sein des élevages, le chant de ce passereau imbrique une expressivité animale et un projet esthétique humain. En mobilisant un matériau sonore qui échappe aux catégories du naturel et de l’artificiel, cet article a pour objectif de montrer comment une forme mélodique signifiante peut enclore, dans sa matérialité sonore, l’empreinte d’un lien interspécifique qu’elle rend tangible pour l’auditeur. Plus précisément, le récit de la musicalisation du dialecte d’oiseau, dit Praia Grande, nous permet de retracer l’histoire d’une relation singulière entre humains et oiseaux, et d’en penser l’évolution. Réciproquement, l’analyse des étapes de la transformation d’une communication animale en « œuvre » institutionnalisée permet de mesurer l’impact de ce processus sur les rapports entre les éleveurs et leurs curiós, et de montrer que ce chant d’oiseau est l’agent de leur restructuration.
L’organisation des dîners au château de Versailles comme motif littéraire dans le roman historique contemporain
Authors: Machou Anabelle
Published: November 2024

Cet article propose une analyse du motif des dîners au château de Versailles sous l’Ancien Régime dans deux romans de fiction contemporaine. Les œuvres choisies placent leur intrigue au cœur du Versailles de Louis XIV ou évoquent l’héritage de cette période marquée par une vie de cour codifiée et le faste des repas. En fixant à Versailles l’art de la table, les dîners au château participent à la mise en scène du pouvoir politique et culturel de la France. Bien plus que la description du moment du dîner, les deux textes portent une attention particulière à la question plus générale de son organisation et de sa mise en place. Des thématiques comme le personnel sollicité, l’approvisionnement ou encore l’importance du cérémonial sont ainsi abordées. Le corpus comprend deux romans historiques, Meurtres au Potager du Roy, roman noir et gastronomique à Versailles au XVIIe siècle, de Michèle Barrière publié en 2008 aux éditions Agnès Viénot ainsi que 14 juillet, roman d’Éric Vuillard publié aux éditons Actes Sud en 2016, récit collectif et politique qui retrace la prise de la Bastille. Ces deux œuvres littéraires mettent en exergue deux visions des dîners au château très différentes mais néanmoins complémentaires. Le roman de Michel Barrière suit le modèle canonique du roman policier historique en proposant au lecteur une œuvre de divertissement tout en lui apportant des connaissances sur l’histoire de l’alimentation. La narration est au service d’une célébration de la gastronomie au château de Versailles. L’approche est tout autre dans 14 juillet d’Éric Vuillard puisque le thème de la nourriture cristallise les tensions sociales et politiques. La logique de saturation et les parallélismes dans l’écriture mettent à jour l’opposition entre les classes sociales. Loin de l’image d’Épinal du repas à Versailles comme symbole de volupté et de raffinement, le dîner au château apparaît alors comme un faste inutile, maigre pis-aller d’un régime politique qui se meurt.
Lutter contre l’« esclavage numérique » en marge des syndicats
Authors: Brugière Fabien , Vandewattyne Jean
Published: November 2024

Cet article se propose, sur la base d’une enquête ethnographique menée auprès de deux collectifs de livreurs de Bruxelles, d’interroger les luttes syndicales au sein de l’économie de plateforme à travers le prisme de la dimension morale. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, d’analyser la dynamique des actions collectives, en y démontrant le rôle joué par l’économie morale du groupe professionnel comme facteur de mobilisation face à une dégradation des conditions d’emploi. Dans un second temps, l’activité militante et la structure des collectifs peuvent être interprétées comme le produit de croisades morales, oscillant entre opposition aux centrales syndicales et convergence avec des entrepreneurs de morale institutionnels.
Bosniak Diaspora as a Religious Minority in France
Authors: Šuško Dževada
Published: November 2024

The Bosniak diaspora in France is under-researched. This article aims to fill a gap in the body of knowledge on Bosniaks as a religious minority in France. It aims to provide insight into the activities, perceptions, challenges, and transnational practices of Bosniak religious communities in France. The major research question is: What are the activities and challenges of diasporic Bosniak religious communities in France? This article focuses on the life of pious Bosniak Muslims in France based on in-depth interviews with a variety of actors, including imams, activists, and community members, as well as participant observation. It argues for a more nuanced understanding of labels such as Bosniak, Muslim, and Islam.
Recognizing Multiple Ingredients in Food Images Using a Single-Ingredient Classification Model
Authors: Fu Kun , Dai Ying
Published: November 2024

Recognizing food images presents unique challenges due to the variable spatial layout and shape changes of ingredients with different cooking and cutting methods. This study introduces a new approach for recognizing multiple ingredients segmented from food images. The method localizes the candidate regions of the ingredients, and then, these regions are assigned into ingredient classes using a CNN-based single-ingredient classification model trained on a dataset of single-ingredient images covering 110 kinds of foundational ingredient categories. Subsequently, the multi-ingredient identification is achieved through a decision-making scheme, incorporating a novel top n algorithm with integrating the classification results from various candidate regions to improve the ingredient recognition accuracy. Experimental results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method, particularly highlighting its competitive performance in recognizing multiple ingredients compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, while offering high interpretability.
The Impact of Domestic and External State Debt on State Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Nureni Olalekan , Ojuolape Adebayo Mohammed , Tella AbdulRahmon Adeniran , Alabi Moshood Kolawole
Published: November 2024

The impact of state indebtedness, both external and domestic, on the GDP of each state, was investigated in this study utilising panel data gathered from 22 Nigerian states between 2013 and 2017. Past studies conducted on the debt-growth relationship have concentrated on the national level with little attention given to the sub-national level. This study fills that gap with the intention of having a better understanding of the debt-growth relationship at the state level. Using panel regression techniques, results showed that total debt has a non-linear relationship with the state GDP; whereby as total debt increases, the state GDP also increases until it reaches a threshold when a rise in state total debt produces a negative impact on the state GDP. A similar result was obtained while using domestic debt. On the contrary, external State debt was found to have a linear, positive and significant relationship with the state GDP. The implication of this is that external state debt is beneficial to the state GDP. The study recommends that state governments should borrow to finance capital projects or high-yielding investments and not recurrent expenditures. Also, state governments should have a debt threshold which would guide them whenever they incur debts.
Role of inflammatory markers in predicting spontaneous passage of ureteral stones less than 10 mm
Authors: Aghaways Ismaeel , Bapir Rawa , Siwaily Nabaz S. , Abdalqadir Ahmed Mohammed , Said Shakhawan Hamaamin , Mustafa Ayman M. , Muhammed Bryar Othman , Rahim Hawbash M. , Abdalla Berun A. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Mohammed Shvan H.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In ureterolithiasis, the prediction of spontaneous passage poses a challenge for urologists. Moreover, there is controversy surrounding the preferred management approach, whether medical or surgical, as each approach has its disadvantages. Procalcitonin and other inflammatory markers were studied for predicting stone passage spontaneously, but their significance remains controversial. This study aims to assess the association between these markers, especially procalcitonin, and spontaneous ureteral stone passage. Materials and methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort study from March 2022 to October 2023, consecutive patients with a single unilateral distal ureteric stone less than 10 mm were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were specified. Patients underwent medical expulsive therapy (MET) and were monitored for stone passage. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 94 patients enrolled, 72.3% were male and 27.7% were female, with a mean age of 38.84± 10.41 years. Stone sizes varied, with the most common range being 4 mm- 5.9 mm. Participants were categorized based on spontaneous stone passage as spontaneous stone passage (SSP) and non-SSP. No significant differences were observed in most demographic and laboratory variables. However, serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein showed significant differences between the SSP and non-SSP groups.Conclusions: Although several inflammatory markers were studied to predict the spontaneous passage of the ureteral stone, the current study concluded that only elevated procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and large stone diameter decrease the chance of spontaneous ureteral stone passage.
Single site multi puncture supine (SMS) PCNL procedure in patient with complex renal stone: One incision, why should more?
Authors: Satyagraha Paksi , Nur Budaya Taufiq , Amorga Reza
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Since percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was introduced in 1976, it has been the standard procedure for large renal stones. Over time, the PCNL technique changed and developed into various techniques. We introduce single site multipuncture supine (SMS) PCNL to give cosmetic advantage due to less tissue injury in complex renal stone. This study aimed to determine the outcome SMS PCNL procedure in patients with complex renal stones diseases. Materials and methods: This study was a retrospective study including all patients with kidney stones who had undergone SMS PCNL at the Urology Department of Saiful Anwar General Hospital from March 2019 until December 2022. All SMS PCNL procedures were performed by a single operator. The patients were divided into three groups that included that were treated with 2, 3, and 4 punctures. The data were collected using SPSS ver. 25. Results: Ninety-three patients were included in this study. The characteristics of the patient such as gender, age, BMI were not significantly different among the groups. The outcome of SMS PCNL procedure showed low complication rate during operation in 2-,3-,and 4-puncture groups (3.2%, 7.4%, 0%, respectively). The Stone Free Rate (SFR) showed no significant difference between the 3 groups (p = 0.496). The SFR was 85.7% in 2-puncture, 77.8% in 3-puncture, 66.7% in 4-puncture group. The AUC of Guy’s Stone Score with cut off value was 3.5 (AUC = 0.549, p-value = 0.541, CI 95%). Conclusions: Single Site Multi Puncture PCNL is safe and efficient approach to complex renal stones. Single Site Multipunctures Supine PCNL is comparable with other techniques of PCNL and gives minimal tissue injury that would benefit for cosmetic.
The hemolysis index as a tool for monitoring mild hemolysis in biochemical assays at the emergency laboratory
Authors: Bouazza Sofiane , Bouarfa Amine , Khalfa Ali , Brikhou Slimane , Demmouche Abbassia
Published: November 2024

Hemolysis is a common pre-analytical error that can affect the accuracy of biochemical assay results. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of hemolysis on the measurement of nine emergency biochemical parameters: glucose, creatinine, calcium, potassium, sodium, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT),total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. The study included blood samples collected from various units of the maternity hospital, including high-risk pregnancies follow-up, postpartum care, gynecology, neonatology, and intensive care. The study employs a Hemolysis Index (HI) to monitor and assess sample quality, determining their suitability for the analysis of the nine aforementioned biochemical parameters. The results reveal that hemolysis can significantly affect the accuracy of tests results for the studied parameters, particularly for potassium (increased 4-12 times) and AST (increased 1.47-48.55 times). Three of the studied substances showed a significant, negative, and moderate correlation with HI after the osmotic shock was induced, including AST (r = -0.501, p = 0.006), ALT (r = -0.516, p = 0.004), and sodium (r = -0.598, p = 0.001). Conversely, no significant association was found for the other parameters, which are: glucose (r = 0.079, p = 0.639); creatinine (r = 0.140, p = 0.402); direct bilirubin (r = 0.292, p = 0.075); total bilirubin (r = 0.272, p = 0.114); calcium (r = 0.215, p = 0.196); and potassium (r = -0.188, p = 0.258). Our findings indicate that HI may not be helpful for calculating a predicted value for samples with HI ranging between 87.30 and 295.9. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a threshold for the degree of hemolysis beyond which releasing the result would be considered potentially harmful to the patient especially new-borns and premature infants. In conclusion, the appropriate use of HI in clinical laboratories can enhance patient care quality by minimizing the risk of misdiagnosis leading to inappropriate treatment, particularly when requesting a second sample is not feasible.
Long COVID: A Comprehensive Overview of the Signs and Symptoms across Multiple Organ Systems
Authors: Merhavy Zachary Isaac , Junor Tiana , Gonzalez Aranice , Filippis Samantha Michelle De , Oveisitork Sarah , Rivera Eliu , Ndukwu Ifeanyi , Bhatara Kanika
Published: November 2024

Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as the post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC), is a significant concern since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it still manifests in individuals with persistent symptoms and complications beyond the acute phase of infection. Defining this disease is challenging, as it manifests as a spectrum of symptoms varying in severity among individuals who have previously tested positive for COVID-19. Long COVID is more prevalent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and presents in various ways, ranging from pulmonary to extrapulmonary symptoms. This literature review examines the current body of research on long COVID with a focus on its effects on the cardiovascular, hematological, respiratory, renal, and neurological systems with systematically analyzed, peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the PubMed database. There have been several proposed pathophysiological mechanisms by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 affects the aforementioned organ systems; however, research on the definite mechanisms is lacking, especially when considering the management of long COVID in the perioperative setting. The impact of post-COVID sequelae necessitates individualized management strategies tailored to each symptomatic profile, particularly in patients with comorbidities. The COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people and had a profound impact on those who developed PASC, lowering their quality of life and increasing potential surgical risks. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the specific risk factors for long COVID and who is most susceptible to it. Further research is required to fill these gaps and explore potential avenues for preventing PASC.
Surficial geology, Fort McPherson - Bell River, Northwest Territories-Yukon, NTS 106-M and part of 116-P east
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: November 2024

Ce nouveau produit cartographique de la géologie des formations superficielles correspond à la conversion de la Carte 1745A (Duk-Rodkin et Hughes, 1992) et de sa légende uniquement, en se servant du Modèle de données pour les formations superficielles (MDFS version 2.5.1) de la Commission géologique du Canada (Deblonde et al., 2024). Toutes les connaissances et l’information de nature géoscientifique de la Carte 1745A qui sont en conformité avec le modèle de données ont été conservées pendant le processus de conversion. Le but de la conversion de cartes publiées antérieurement suivant un langage scientifique commun et une légende commune est de permettre et de faciliter la compilation, l'interprétation, la gestion et la diffusion efficaces de l'information géologique ca rtographique en mode numérique de façon structurée et cohérente. Cette façon de faire offre un outil efficace de gestion des connaissances élaboré à l’aide d’une géodatabase qui pourra évoluer suivant le type d’information à paraître sur les nouvelles cartes de la géologie des formations superficielles.
Effect of topical application of amitriptyline and nortriptyline on irreversible pulpitis pain in teeth with failed pulpal anesthesia after a successful inferior alveolar nerve block: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Vali Sichani Armita , Baharian Hossein , Yaraghi Navid , Khosravani Zahra , Sichani Asana Vali
Published: November 2024

Background:

No consensus has been reached on the effect of topical application of amitriptyline and nortriptyline on irreversible pulpitis pain in teeth with failed pulpal anesthesia after a successful inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block. This study aimed to assess the effect of topical application of amitriptyline and nortriptyline on irreversible pulpitis pain in teeth with failed pulpal anesthesia after a successful IAN block.

Materials and Methods:

This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients with irreversible pulpitis. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15) for topical application of 10 mg amitriptyline, 10 mg nortriptyline, and starch (placebo). An IAN block was primarily administered by injection of lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. Next, the abovementioned medications were topically applied in each group. The pain level of patients was quantified by the McGill Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (FPRS) before the intervention, immediately after injection, and after topical application of materials and compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using the Chi-square test, likelihood ratio, one-way ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

All three interventions significantly decreased pain (P < 0.05). Although nortriptyline caused a greater pain relief, the difference among the three groups was not significant regarding the VAS or Wong–Baker FPRS scores (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Although nortriptyline caused a greater reduction in irreversible pulpitis pain than amitriptyline, the difference between the two medications was not significant. Future studies without a placebo group are recommended.
RUGGEDIZED MAST – THE RIGHT SOLUTION FOR TODAY’S
BATTLEFIELD SURVEILLANCE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Neely David , Fosen Keith , Poteat Daniel , Carmichael D. Brian
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Today’s battlefield requires access to information in a
multitude of environments with varying terrains (both urban and rural) in
either passive or active engagements. Ground vehicles need sensors that can
be rapidly deployed to different locations and networked into the family of
vehicles in order to effectively share information. Masted sensor systems,
in particular, are a potential valuable resource with their ability to
perform long-range surveillance over obstructions while minimizing vehicle
exposure. To maximize effectiveness these systems must withstand harsh
battlefield conditions without undue maintenance. The need for variable mast
heights, on-the-move (OTM) sensor performance, the ability to support a wide
variety of long-range sensors, internal cabling to better resist battlefield
damage, resistance to armored vehicle vibration and shock environments, and
rapid mast deployment and stowage have driven Lockheed Martin to a robust
mast solution that meets this critical need.
SIMULATION BASED ACCEPTANCE TESTING FOR UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES
Authors: Lee Hyo Jong , Jin Jionghua (Judy) , Ulsoy A. Galip
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Acceptance testing is considered a final stage of validation, and
performing acceptance tests of an actual UGV system can be expensive and
time-consuming. Therefore, this paper discusses simulation based acceptance
testing for UGVs, which can significantly reduce the time and cost of the
acceptance test. In this paper, both dynamic and static simulation models
are developed, and the results from these simulations show that the static
simulation can be used, rather than the more complex dynamic simulation,
because of the slow operating speed of UGVs. This finding improves the
development efficiently at the simulation model development phase. In
addition, the developed simulation models provide a better understanding of
the UGV failure modes. The static simulations can determine the required
joint motor torques for various UGV loadings and maneuvers and provide data
for the full range of operating motion. Specifically, given threshold joint
torque value, the safe operating range of the two-link robot arm can be
determined. A multi-body dynamics model of the iRobot Packbot was prepared
in MSC ADAMS to simulate a full range of two-link manipulator operation. The
static simulation model is implemented using MATLAB software.
Compact Reliable Robust (CORE) Power System for Auxiliary Power
Applications
Authors: Namazian Mehdi , Lux Kenneth , Venkataraman Guha , Elder William , Bhalerao Archana , Maslach Dan , Centeck Kevin
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Under support from TARDEC, an effort to develop a 10 kWe compact
reliable robust power system for combat-vehicle applications is well underway.
This system operates on battlefield-spec JP-8 to provide silent auxiliary power
for the vehicle. The reformer converts JP-8 into a hydrogen rich reformate. The
power system combines the reformer with a High-Temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel-cell
stack that retains the quick startup time of a PEM fuel-cell stack while
dramatically improving the tolerance to fuel impurities to levels closer to that
of SOFC stacks. The paper covers the power system development with the emphasis
on the 300-hour demonstration of the 10 kWe reformer operating on
JP-8 and its current integration with the fuel cell to produce the 10
kWe power system for 1000 hour demonstration and delivery to
TACOM.
SYSTEM DESIGN OF A VEHICLE STRUCTURE BY A NETWORK OF
OPTIMIZATIONS
Authors: He Jim , Hart Christopher G. , Vlahopoulos Nickolas
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Vehicle design is a complex process requiring interactions and exchange of
information among multiple disciplines such as fatigue, strength, propulsion,
survivability, safety, thermal management, stealth, maintenance, and
manufacturing. Simulation models are employed for assessing and potentially
improving a vehicle’s performance in individual technical areas. The
vehicle’s characteristics influence the performance in all the different
attributes. Challenges arise when designing a vehicle for improving mutually
competing objectives, satisfying constraints from multiple engineering
disciplines, and determining a single set of values for the vehicle’s
characteristics. It is of interest to engage simulation models from the various
engineering disciplines in an organized and coordinated manner for determining a
design configuration that provides the best possible performance in all
disciplines. This paper presents an approach that conducts optimization analysis
for a complex system by coordinating operations and exchange of data and
information through a network of optimizations. The presented approach provides
an organized and seamless environment that captures the implications of design
changes from a particular discipline to all other disciplines. It is possible to
share design variables among disciplines and thus identify the direction that
design variables should follow based on objectives and constraints from multiple
disciplines. A rotorcraft example that demonstrates the operation of this
integrated design environment is presented. The mass of the gearbox support
frame is minimized at the system level while at the same time the performance in
structural dynamics and crashworthiness is optimized.
IMPACT OF LOADING DISTRIBUTION OF ABRAMS SUSPENSION ON TRACK
PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY
Authors: Ostberg David , Bradford Bill
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

High life cycle costs coupled with durability and environmental challenges of
tracked vehicles in South West Asia (SWA) have focused R&D activities on
understanding failure modes of track components as well as understanding the
system impacts on track durability.

The durability limiters for M1 Abrams (M1, M1A1, and M1A2) T-158LL track systems
are the elastomeric components.

The focus of this study is to review test methodology utilized to collect
preliminary data on the loading distribution of a static vehicle. Proposed
design changes and path forward for prediction of durability of elastomers at
the systems level from component testing will be presented.
Systems Engineering the Lifecycle – An Approach for
Developing Complex Systems Using Control Theory
Authors: Dorny Jonathan , Miller Tim
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that concentrates on the
design and application of the whole as distinct from the parts. For complex
systems, this includes the challenge that the behavior of the system as a whole
is not intuitively understood by understanding the components. Classic System
Engineering models establish a perception of a beginning and an end of the
systems engineering process. Unfortunately, a long period between product launch
and discovery of unexpected behavior for systems may occur with a protracted
lifecycle.

A Systems Engineering approach based upon the “control theory”
model establishes a high correlation between interdisciplinary models to
facilitate feedback throughout the system lifecycle to tune capabilities to user
satisfaction. This close coupling extends well beyond tracing of requirements to
qualification testing fulfillment as practiced in the traditional
“V” model. The system itself is a traceability link providing
lifecycle feedback control on the current fulfillment of requirements versus
expected fulfillment. The institution of this approach will establish a Systems
Engineering feedback measure of user satisfaction from system inception to
retirement, rather than merely a front-end design activity.
Risk Management Best Practices From A Pre-Milestone B Acquisition
Program
Authors: Wood Kenneth L. , Vinarcik Michael J.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) Family of Vehicles (FoV) is the central
component of the Army’s long-term Tactical Wheeled Vehicle (TWV)
strategy. The program’s objective is to balance critical weight and
transportability restrictions within performance, protection, and payload
requirements of the United States Army and Marine Corps.

One of the challenges faced by the JLTV program is the need to balance the
“Iron Triangle” of performance, protection, and payload while
managing the disparate requirements of the domestic services and international
partners.

The JLTV team developed processes to manage the cost, performance, and schedule
risks associated with each of the three contractors participating in the
Technology Development phase. This paper will describe the risk management
processes and tools developed on the JLTV program to manage and mitigate these
contractor risks and extract those that could impact the entire program.
Embedding Affordability and Producibility (AP) in Systems
Engineering: Cost, Complexity and Readiness as Prime Drivers for Integrated
Design
Authors: Marcel Mike , Kelly Thomas , Donoghue Mike , Feord Joe
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

It is time for Affordability and Producibility (AP) to take a more dominant role
in Systems Engineering (SE). Functional design is no longer good enough. Cost,
complexity and readiness must be drivers for optimum integrated design. Without
focusing more on AP, we will continuously fuel the “design, respin,
re-spin again” problem that drives significant cost and time into a
system where the pace for delivery to theatre is moving as fast as ever.

This paper describes the SE approach from an AP focus. Decisions and challenges
that were encountered during the DRS OBVP design will be presented as a
“real world” example. This paper will present the high level
considerations to put AP up front in SE to drive decisions so that safe,
reliable, cost effective products are delivered to the Warfighter in this tough,
fast paced military environment.
A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING & INTEGRATION METHODOLOGY FOR COMPLEX
SYSTEMS
Authors: Samson Frederick P. , Peterson Troy
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Understanding the intricacy of a complex system is a major challenge in
today’s highly dynamic environment. In addition, managing the lifecycle
processes and schedule risks of these complex systems adds to the challenge of
achieving program objectives. Complexity is ever present in today’s
military system of systems architectures, acquisition lifecycle management
processes, and supporting organizational structures. This complexity is often an
impediment to the successful development, integration, and transition of
capability gap-closing technologies to support our Warfighters’ needs.
Over the years, methods to reduce system complexity have taken many forms. The
Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is one methodology that has proven very effective
in the analysis, management, and integration of complex system architectures,
organizational structures, and densely networked processes. DSM enables the user
to model, visualize, and analyze the dependencies among the entities of any
system—and derive suggestions for system optimization.
STUMP: SUPER-STRONG TUBE THAT’S AN ULTRALIGHT MODULE AT
PRESSURE
Authors: Townsend Phillip L. , Bhatnagar Vivek , Martinez Rudy , Warnakulasuriya Frank
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Motorized ground forces spend considerable resources in equipping for situational
awareness capabilities. Given requirements spanning command, control,
surveillance, and reconnaissance of a battlefield, there has been no single mast
technology that can support each of these with elevated sensors and weapons. A
tough, extremely low weight modular mast system has been designed to be quickly
attached or removed from a ground vehicle to provide different operational
capabilities depending on the payload. The design allows for easy modification
to fit functional needs on different vehicles and platforms.

At the heart of the technology is a proprietary super-fiber pressurized tube
which elevates the payload on a column of moderate gas pressure eliminating
cumbersome hydraulic/mechanical systems. An internal, simple alignment system
and gyroscope-maintained verticality allow a stable, elevated platform without
introducing instability to the vehicle. The system is capable of withstanding
extreme external forces and impact as typical of field operations. This
innovation promises such light weight that unprecedented heights may be reached
faster.
FUEL CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN TODAY’S BATTLEFIELD:
LEVERAGING THEIR ADVANTAGES AND MINIMIZING THEIR SHORTCOMINGS
Authors: Mekhiche Mike , Sherman James , Mancini Bart
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper will address the details of realizing a silent watch solution using
fuel cells while addressing the various complexities associated with their
integration into a military vehicle.
Diverging Requirements: Solving Future Challenges for COTS Engine
Conversion from USEPA 2010 to Military Specification
Authors: Hunter Gary L.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Modern heavy duty Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) diesel engines represent the
state of the art in engine performance and design features, control
architecture, and the use of light weight high strength materials. These
engines, with appropriate adaptation for operation on military fuels, make
excellent choices for defense applications.

This paper reviews the selection and modification of a COTS engine suitable for
potential defense applications. Considerations for robust operation of the
engine on JP8, engine system modifications appropriate for military vehicle
emission requirements, reduction of engine system heat rejection, and
optimization of engine efficiency will be discussed using example data from
converting a 2011 model year COTS engine for defense applications as funded by
Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) Topic 15.
ARL 400 Amp Silicon Carbide Power Module
Authors: Geil Bruce R. , Tipton Charles W. , Urciuoli Damian P.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The need for improved electrical power conversion systems and components is being
driven by requirements for higher efficiency, performance, and improved
survivability and lethality capabilities on current and future Army platform
power system. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has demonstrated a 1200 V,
400 A silicon carbide (SiC) power module based on a standard commercial design.
This module uses large area SiC MOS-FETs and diodes and has been evaluated under
varying temperatures, loads, and switching frequencies. Throughout the operating
range, the module has demonstrated improved efficiency and thermal performance,
and higher frequency operation, when compared with similarly rated silicon
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules.
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMATIC PLOWING DEPTH CONTROL OF A MINE
CLEARING COMBAT VEHICLE
Authors: Tsai Fuh-Feng , Strittmatter Kevin
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper develops a linear closed form equation as required for automatic
plowing depth control of a mine clearing combat vehicle. The vehicle will be
tasked with using its Mine Clearing Blade (MCB) to remove surface laid and
buried land mines on undulating terrain so that other vehicles can follow its
path without the threat of mines. Blade control must be automatic to ensure that
the target depth of the cleared path is achieved and all mines on the path are
removed. A closed form solution for real-time computing relating the MCB motion
and hydraulic actuator movement is developed and implemented. The equations are
provided in symbolic form so that the dimensions of the mechanism can be
directly substituted and/or modified without re-derivation. Results were
verified with field measured data and implemented in the controller of a real
vehicle to successfully achieve objective goal of Automatic Mine Clearing.
ANALYSIS OF SOLDIER EFFECTIVENESS IN A MINE RESISTANT AMBUSH
PROTECTED GROUND VEHICLE
Authors: Hepokoski Mark , Curran Allen , Klein Mark , Smith Rob , Korivi Vamshi
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper presents modeling methodology and results for a study of Soldier
effectiveness in a hot environment. The effectiveness of Soldiers is diminished
under conditions of high heat stress. Excessive heat stress will degrade mental
and physical performance capabilities and eventually cause heat casualties. The
core temperature of a human body provides the “best” single
physiological measure to estimate physical work capabilities during hot weather
operations. Prediction of Soldier effectiveness in extreme environments can be
accomplished through the use of segmental human thermoregulation models.
Differences in physiological characteristics among Soldiers can affect
thermoregulatory response and must be accounted for when predicting
effectiveness. Additionally, prediction accuracy can be improved by combining
human thermoregulatory models with a complete characterization of the thermal
environment. Human thermal models representing Soldiers with significant
physiological differences among them were placed into a full-vehicle thermal
HVAC predictive model of a Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle. The
simulation was performed to support US Army PM-MRAP in its effort to improve
Soldier effectiveness under conditions typically encountered on MRAP vehicles
fielded in Iraq.
ANALYSIS OF GROUND VEHICLE GUN MOUNT LOADS AND STRESS DURING GUN FIRE
IMPULSE USING A SYSTEM MODEL WITH FLEXIBLE BODIES
Authors: Youtt Dan
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

A detailed methodology employing a system model of a tracked vehicle with a gun
turret is used to analyze the stresses and loads applied to the gun mount as a
result of gun firing events. The vehicle system model combines a Virtual
Lab.Motion model of the tracked vehicle and gun mount which includes track super
element, flexible gun mount body, and a beam element representation of the gun
and gun tube sleeve coupled with a MATLAB/Simulink model of the
hydraulic/pneumatic recoil system and gun pointing control system. This coupled
system model with flexible components is needed for this analysis to determine
the portion of the impulse that results in gun mount deformation. A brief
overview of the vehicle system model, a detailed description of the gun mount
model, and analysis of the gun mount loads and stress is included.
A HYBRID IMPULSIVE SCHEME FOR FASTER THAN REAL-TIME VEHICLE LOADS
PREDICTION
Authors: Critchley James , Jayakumar Paramsothy
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Faster than real-time and real-time vehicle dynamic models run with fixed time
step integrators, without accuracy control and usually apply numerous
approximations to obtain a stable solution. These models generally provide very
good descriptions of the system behavior, capturing the gross motions and
character of the response. However, the consequence of approximation and the
lack of error control is that the resulting loads cannot be trusted for
structural design analysis. Nonetheless, these lightweight faster than real-time
models are indispensible in concept development where an unlimited number of
designs may be considered in the automated exploration of the design space. This
work investigates a novel simulation technique in an attempt to converting the
family of real-time vehicle dynamics models into reliable first order structural
load predictors. The method applies an error estimator to the real-time fixed
step integrator to identify loss of accuracy in stiff models with resolution to
the offending degree(s) of freedom. Inaccurate and potentially unstable time
steps are then replaced by an impulse-based solution and the time-step
recomputed. The required impulsive load can then be transformed (on or off-line)
into a repeatable and accurate load pseudo-time history through integration of
an independent nonlinear contact event. A simple tracked vehicle model example
is used to demonstrate the features of the solution which is validated by
comparison to results obtained from fully integrated trajectories.
A Novel Approach for a Hostile Arms Fire Sensor
Authors: Montoya Joseph Rudy , Melchor Jorge , Siddapureddy Venu , Bryk Darryl
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

A novel approach to sensing hostile arms fire has been developed at the US Army
Research Laboratory (ARL). Utilizing the multispectral properties of the
electromagnetic spectrum the sensor methodology has been tested very
successfully in detecting point of origin of various types of arms fire.
In-theatre travel in caravans has drawn enemy fire and urban settings have
sometimes made it difficult to discern point of origin. This new multispectral
methodology may overcome false alarm problems that can plague other types of
sensors. Recently, the US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development, and
Engineering Command (TARDEC) is investigating the integration of the new sensor
type for its military demonstration vehicle with on-board display systems. The
integration approach will complement the existing sensory system for threat
detection, while managing the power demand on the vehicle and data overload on
the soldier.
WHEEL SLIP AND ENGINE TORQUE PULSE SIMULATION FOR
TRANSMISSION-IN-THE-LOOP EXPERIMENTATION
Authors: Nutter Don
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a transmission-in-the-loop (TiL)
experimentation system. In this TiL experimental setup, the input side of the
transmission is controlled by a dynamometer emulating the engine, while the
output sides of the transmission are controlled by two dynamometers emulating
the wheels and vehicle. The models emulating these vehicle components are
required to possess sufficient fidelity to simulate engine torque pulse (ETP)
and wheel slip dynamics while being computationally efficient to run in
real-time. While complex engine and tire models exist in the literature that
accurately capture these dynamics, they are often too numerically stiff for
real-time simulation. This paper presents the system level details of such a TiL
setup, and the modeling concepts for the development of high fidelity real-time
models of the engine and tire dynamics for use in this experiment. Parameters of
the engine model are identified using experimental data. Vehicle drive cycle,
torque pulse, and wheel slip test results are presented.
MILITARY FUEL AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL EFFECTS ON A MODERN DIESEL ENGINE
EMPLOYING A FUEL-LUBRICATED HIGH PRESSURE COMMON RAIL FUEL INJECTION
SYSTEM
Authors: Brandt Adam C. , Muzzell Patsy A. , Sattler Eric R. , Likos William
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

A large number of current commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) diesel engines
available to the U.S. Military employ High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) fuel
injection systems. Overall performance and endurance of these HPCR systems has
the potential to vary with use of military or alternative fuels. Testing was
conducted using the Ford 6.7L diesel engine to determine the impact on engine
and HPCR fuel system performance with the following test fuels: diesel (ULSD),
JP-8, 50%:50% volumetric blend of JP-8/Synthetic Paraffinic
Kerosene (SPK), and 100% SPK. The U.S. Army 210-hr Tactical Wheeled
Vehicle Cycle (TWVC) engine endurance test was used to determine engine and HPCR
system performance. Engine performance over the test duration, pre- and
post-test powercurves and post-test fuel injection component inspections were
used to determine each fuels performance.
Evaluation of Single Common Powertrain Lubricant (SCPL) Candidates
for Fuel Consumption Benefits in Military Equipment
Authors: Warden Robert , Hansen Gregory , Comfort Allen
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The Single Common Powertrain Lubricant (SCPL) program is seeking to develop an
all-season (arctic to desert), fuel-efficient, multi-functional powertrain fluid
with extended drain capabilities. To evaluate candidate lubricants for the
purpose of fuel consumption effects, a test cycle was developed using the GEP
6.5L(T) engine found in the HMMWV. Field data collected at Ft. Hood, TX was used
to determine a set of speed, load and temperature points which could be
reproduced consistently in test-cell operation. These points were condensed into
a 14-mode cycle for use within the SCPL program. In addition to fresh condition
oil, some lubricants were evaluated at end-of-life drain conditions to determine
consumption effects over time. Results from the program indicated a significant
fuel consumption benefit with lower viscosity lubricants when compared to
current in-use military engine oils.
CONTROLLED VELOCITY ACCESSORY DRIVES – SOLVING THE
POWER-AT-IDLE CHALLENGE
Authors: Hysinger Christopher L.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Orbital Traction demonstrated through a Phase I SBIR the feasibility of a
controlled velocity accessory drive (CVAD) that enables a heavy duty alternator
to produce full rated power at engine idle and across the full range of engine
speeds. Orbital Traction’s CVAD is based on a novel, continuously
variable transmission and can be applied to other engine accessories and OBVP
applications.
AUTOIGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW CETANE NUMBER JP-8 AND APPROACHES FOR IMPROVED OPERATION IN MILITARY DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Henein Naeim , Bryzik Walter , Jayakumar Chandrasekharan , Sattler Eric R. , Johnson Nicholas C. , Hubble Nichole K.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Problems resulting from the use of low-Cetane Number (CN) JP-8 in military diesel
engines are mainly caused by the poor autoignition quality of the fuel that
requires a long period between the start of injection and the start of
combustion. A detailed analysis of the processes which occur during the ignition
delay period clearly shows that the start of combustion is preceded by a long
period where the Low Temperature (LT) combustion chemistry (cool flame) prevails
in which the rates of burning are very limited. Under certain operating
conditions, the LT combustion regime is associated with the Negative Temperature
Coefficient (NTC) regime, which adds to the length of the ignition delay period.
The details of these regimes are examined by using computer simulation codes. In
addition, the autoignition characteristics of JP-8 with a wide range of cetane
numbers are investigated and compared with ULSD (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) and a
Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT SPK) type fuel. The
experimental investigations are carried out on a single-cylinder research diesel
engine as well as on a heavy-duty diesel engine. The paper presents approaches
for improved operation of military diesel engines on JP-8 with a wide range of
cetane numbers.
INTELLIGENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN A TWO POWER-BUS VEHICLE
SYSTEM
Authors: Chen Zhihang , Murphey Yi L. , Chen Zheng , Masrur Abul , Mi Chris
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

In this paper we present an intelligent power controller for a vehicle power
system that employs multiple power sources. In particular we focus on a vehicle
power system architecture that is used in vehicles such as Mine Resistant Ambush
Protected (MRAP) vehicle. These vehicles are designed to survive IED (Improvised
Explosive Devices) attacks and ambushes. The power system has the following
major components: a “clean” bus, a “dirty” bus,
an engine, a hydraulic system and a switch between the clean and the dirty bus.
We developed algorithms for intelligent energy management for this type of
vehicle power system including DP (Dynamic Programming) optimization, DP online
control and a machine learning technique that combines neural networks with DP
to train an intelligent power controller. We present experiments conducted
through modeling and simulation using a generic commercial software tool and a
lab hardware setup.