bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting HIV Diagnostic Histories into Infection Time Estimates: Analytical Framework and Online Tool
Authors: Grebe Eduard , Facente Shelley N. , Bingham Jeremy , Pilcher Christopher D. , Powrie Andrew , Gerber Jarryd , Priede Gareth , Chibawara Trust , Busch Michael P. , Murphy Gary , Kassanjee Reshma , Welte Alex
Published: October 2019

Background
It is frequently of epidemiological and/or clinical interest to estimate the date of HIV infection or time-since-infection of individuals. Yet, for over 15 years, the only widely-referenced infection dating algorithm that utilises diagnostic testing data to estimate time-since-infection has been the ‘Fiebig staging’ system. This defines a number of stages of early HIV infection through various standard combinations of contemporaneous discordant diagnostic results, using tests of different sensitivity. To develop a new, more nuanced infection dating algorithm, we generalised the Fiebig approach to accommodate positive and negative diagnostic results generated on the same or different dates, and arbitrary current or future tests – as long as the test sensitivity is known. For this purpose, test sensitivity is the probability of a positive result as a function of time since infection.
Methods
The present work outlines the analytical framework for infection date estimation using subject-level diagnostic testing histories, and data on test sensitivity. We introduce a publicly-available online HIV infection dating tool that implements this estimation method, bringing together 1) curatorship of HIV test performance data, and 2) infection date estimation functionality, to calculate plausible intervals within which infection likely became detectable for each individual. The midpoints of these intervals are interpreted as infection time ‘point estimates’ and referred to as Estimated Dates of Detectable Infection (EDDIs). The tool is designed for easy bulk processing of information (as may be appropriate for research studies) but can also be used for individual patients (such as in clinical practice).
Results
In many settings, including most research studies, detailed diagnostic testing data are routinely recorded, and can provide reasonably precise estimates of the timing of HIV infection. We present a simple logic to the interpretation of ‘diagnostic testing histories’ into ‘infection time estimates’, either as a point estimate (EDDI) or an interval (earliest plausible to latest plausible dates of detectable infection), along with a publicly-accessible online tool that supports wide application of this logic.
Conclusions
This tool, available at https://tools.incidence-estimation.org/idt/, is readily updatable as test technology evolves, given the simple architecture of the system and its nature as an open source project.
Infection and RNA-seq analysis of a zebrafish tlr2 mutant shows a broad function of this Toll-like receptor in transcriptional and metabolic control and defense to Mycobacterium marinum infection
Authors: Hu Wanbin , Yang Shuxin , Shimada Yasuhito , Münch Magnus , Marín-Juez Rubén , Meijer Annemarie H. , Spaink Herman P.
Published: October 2019

Background
The function of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in host defense against pathogens, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is poorly understood. To investigate the role of TLR2 during mycobacterial infection, we analyzed the response of tlr2 zebrafish mutant larvae to infection with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm), a close relative to Mtb, as a model for tuberculosis. We measured infection phenotypes and transcriptome responses using RNA deep sequencing in mutant and control larvae.
Results
tlr2 mutant embryos at 2 dpf do not show differences in the number of macrophages and neutrophils compared to control embryos. However, we found substantial changes in gene expression in these mutants, particularly in metabolic pathways, when compared with the heterozygote tlr2+/- control. At 4 days after Mm infection, the total bacterial burden and the presence of extracellular bacteria were higher in tlr2-/- larvae than in tlr2+/-, or tlr2+/+ larvae, whereas granuloma numbers were reduced, showing a function of Tlr2 in zebrafish host defense. RNAseq analysis of infected tlr2-/- versus tlr2+/- shows that the number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes in response to infection was greatly diminished in tlr2 mutants by at least 2 fold and 10 fold, respectively. Analysis of the transcriptome data and qPCR validation shows that Mm infection of tlr2 mutants leads to decreased mRNA levels of genes involved in inflammation and immune responses, including il1b, tnfb, cxcl11aa/ac, fosl1a, and cebpb. Furthermore, RNAseq analyses revealed that the expression of genes for Maf family transcription factors, vitamin D receptors, and Dicps proteins is altered in tlr2 mutants with or without infection. In addition, the data indicate a function of Tlr2 in the control of induction of cytokines and chemokines, such as the CXCR3-CXCL11 signaling axis.
Conclusion
The transcriptome and infection burden analyses show a function of Tlr2as a protective factor against mycobacteria. Transcriptome analysis revealed tlr2-specific pathways involved in Mm infection, which are related to responses to Mtb infection in human macrophages. Considering its dominant function in control of transcriptional processes that govern defense responses and metabolism, the TLR2 protein can be expected to be also of importance for other infectious diseases and interactions with the microbiome.
The influence of privatization on financial performance of Vietnamese privatized state-owned enterprises
Authors: Cuong Pham Duc , Xuan Hong Nguyen Thi
Published: October 2019

This research evaluates the differences in financial performance of enterprises before and after privatization aiming to find out the influence of privatization on the enterprises’ performance. The study is based on the audited financial statements of 105 Vietnamese privatized enterprises privatized in the period from 2005 to 2016. Applying the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the obtained results prove that after privatization profitability and outputs of investigated firms are significantly higher than prior privatization. However, there is no significant change of leverage. Applying a regression model to evaluate the factors affecting financial performance of firms in the research model, it was found out that the proportion of state ownership, economic growth, operating period, enterprise`s size, and business risk have positive influence on the financial performance of research firms. However, the leverage of these firms has a negative impact on the financial performance. In accordance with the obtained results, this study suggests that the privatization process should be continued regardless of firm size or business type. The government should create fair competition environment, remove incentives and supports for State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), manage changes in privatized firms, and enforce the legal system.
Spatiotemporal hydrochemical variations in river water in the Qilian Mountains and their sources: a case study of the Binggou River Basin
Authors: Zhou Junju , Xiang Juan , Zhu Guofeng , Lei Li , Cao Jianjun , Shi Wei , Wei Wei , Huang Meihua , Feng Wei
Published: October 2019

The headwater region of inland China is immensely important for sustaining livelihoods and maintaining ecological balance, highlighting the need to characterize and assess water quality in this region. The aim of this study is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of river water chemistry and to identify the sources of major ions in the Binggou River Basin, Northwest China. The results show that the water of the Binggou River is neutral freshwater. SO42− is the major anion, Ca2+ is the major cation and the river type is Ca–Na–SO4–HCO3. The concentrations of Na+, Mg2+, SO42−, NO3−, and total dissolved solid are slightly higher than the global average. The seasonal variations of major ion concentrations in the river are highest in winter but lowest in autumn, whereas the spatial variations are greater in the east branch than in the west branch and upstream compared with downstream. Source analysis of the ions indicates that rock weathering is the main source of ions, followed by human activities such as farmland fertilization and coal burning. Water quality analysis shows that the river water is suitable for drinking and irrigation, but the water quality is relatively poor in areas with more human activity, which indicates that human activity greatly influences water quality.
Adsorptive removal of azithromycin from aqueous solutions using raw and saponin-modified nano diatomite
Authors: Davoodi Siavash , Dahrazma Behnaz , Goudarzi Nasser , Gorji Hajar Ghasemian
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate the performance and mechanism of raw (R-ND) and saponin-modified nano diatomite (M-ND) in the removal of azithromycin from aqueous solutions. Adsorbent characterization was performed using X-ray fluorescence, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. It was shown that the specific surface area of R-ND was 119.5 m2/g, 14-fold higher than that for raw diatomite, and for M-ND it was 90.1 m2/g. Various adsorption conditions, i.e. adsorbent dosage, pH, initial concentration and contact time were investigated. According to the results, despite reducing the specific surface area by 25%, modification of nano diatomite by saponin markedly enhanced its performance in the removal of azithromycin. The maximum adsorption capacity of R-ND and M-ND in the removal of azithromycin was 68 and 91.7 mg/g, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed that azithromycin was adsorbed by O-H groups on the diatomite surface. Weber–Morris intra-particle diffusion (IPD) model suggested that while IPD is not the rate-controlling step in high concentrations of azithromycin, it is the only step that controls the rate of adsorption in low concentrations. In comparison to R-ND, M-ND showed a higher efficiency in the removal of azithromycin and, therefore, it can be used as a promising low-cost adsorbent to remove azithromycin from aqueous solutions.
Quercetin-Amino Acid Conjugates are Promising Anti-Cancer Agents in Drug Discovery Projects
Authors: Dobrydnev Alexey V. , Tkachuk Tetiana M. , Atamaniuk Viktor P. , Popova Maria V.
Published: October 2019

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with great potential for the prevention and treatment of disease.
Despite the curative application of quercetin is hampered by low bioavailability, its core serves as
a scaffold for generating more potent compounds with amplified therapeutic window. This review aims
to describe recent advances in the improvement of the pharmacokinetic profile of quercetin via the
amino acid prodrug approach which offers wide structural diversity, physicochemical and biological
properties improvement. According to the findings, conjugation of quercetin with amino acids results
in increased solubility, stability, cellular permeability as well as biological activity. In particular quercetin-
amino acid conjugates exhibited potent anticancer, MDR-reversal and antibiotic resistance reversal
activities. The synthetic pathways and examples of quercetin-amino acid conjugates are considered.
Practical considerations and challenges associated with the development of these prodrugs are also discussed.
This mini-review covers the literature on quercetin-amino acid conjugates since 2001 when the
first thematic work was published.
Waste to Energy Conversion and Sustainable Recovery of Nutrients from Pee Power - Recent Advancements in Urine-Fed MFCs
Authors: Narayanan Natarajan , Mangottiri Vasudevan , Narayanan Kiruba
Published: October 2019

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for alternative energy production
by employing microorganisms as catalysts for direct conversion of chemical energy of feedstock into
electricity. Electricity from urine (urine-tricity) using MFCs is a promising cost-effective technology
capable of serving multipurpose benefits - generation of electricity, waste alleviation, resource recovery
and disinfection. As an abundant waste product from human and animal origin with high nutritional
values, urine is considered to be a potential source for extraction of alternative energy in the
coming days. However, developments to improve power generation from urine-fed MFCs at reasonable
scales still face many challenges such as non-availability of sustainable materials, cathodic limitations,
and low power density. The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art
research and developments in urine-fed MFCs over the past decade (2008-2018) in terms of their
construction (material selection and configuration), modes of operation (batch, continuous, cascade,
etc.) and performance (power generation, nutrient recovery and waste treatment). This review identifies
the preference for sources of urine for MFC application from human beings, cows and elephants.
Among these, human urine-fed MFCs offer a variety of applications to practice in the real-world scenario.
One key observation is that, effective disinfection can be achieved by optimizing the operating
conditions and MFC configurations without compromising on performance. In essence, this review
demarcates the scope of enhancing the reuse potential of urine for renewable energy generation and
simultaneously achieving resource recovery.
Various Presentations of Preeclampsia at Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khidri Feriha F.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Preeclampsia is multi-systemic hypertensive pregnancy disorder accompanied
by proteinuria.

Objectives:

To determine the frequency of different presentations of preeclampsia in tertiary care
hospital and find out its risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was hospital-based cross-sectional study and conducted
from 1st August 2015 to 31st July 2016 in Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Liaquat
University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Hyderabad after ethical approval. A total of
112 pre-eclamptic women were enrolled during the study period by non-probability consecutive
sampling. Patients were divided on the basis of their presentations into mild preeclampsia, severe
preeclampsia, antepartum eclampsia, intrapartum eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, postpartum
preeclampsia, postpartum eclampsia and atypical preeclampsia/eclampsia. All the sociodemographic
factors and clinical variables were noted. Frequency and percentage were calculated
for categorical variable and mean/standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables.

Results:

Of the 112 preeclamptic women, 54.5% were admitted with antepartum eclampsia, 12.5%
with severe preeclampsia, 8.9% with atypical preeclampsia/eclampsia, 8% with mild preeclampsia,
8% with postpartum eclampsia, 3.6% with HELLP syndrome, 2.7% with intrapartum eclampsia
and 1.8% with postpartum preeclampsia. Overall, majority of the patients were primigravida (57%),
had gestational age >34 weeks at presentation (58.9%) and < 7 antenatal visits (88.3%) during their
pregnancy. Overall 17.8% had previous bad obstetrical events, 11.6% had previous history of
preeclampsia and 64.3% had consanguineous marriages.

Conclusion:

Different presentations of preeclampsia may help obstetricians to rule out high- risk
pregnancies and provide antenatal care to patients earlier to prevent complications to both mother
and fetus.
Hepatitis A Seroprevalence Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran During 2016-2017
Authors: Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Alijani Neda , Salehi Mohammadreza , Dadras Omid , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Ahangari Ailar , Abdolahi Alireza , Davoudi Hamidreza , Alizade Ramazanali
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exposure to
hepatitis A by means of serologic markers in chronic hepatitis B patients, with the secondary aim
of finding the best prevention method for hepatitis A infection in susceptible groups of our setting.

Methods:

During the period between 2016 and 2017, we recruited 403 hepatitis B patients aged
more than 14 years and regularly attending the infectious diseases clinic at a referral university
hospital, Tehran, Iran. A blood sample was collected from all the patients and tested for hepatitis
A IgG. The data was analyzed by SPSS v.19.

Results:

Although none of the patients had previously received hepatitis A vaccine, the results for
serologic level of hepatitis A IgG, demonstrated positive results in 379 (94%) cases. The mean
age of patients with negative and positive IgG was 29.17 and 42.46 years, respectively; the difference
was statistically significant (P≤0.001). The majority of seronegative patients were young
adults aged < 25 years and 25 to 35 years (P <0.001).

Conclusion:

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in chronic HBV patients in Iran is high. As HBV infected
patients younger than 35 years could be seronagative for HAV infection, evaluation of
these patients for HAV infection and vaccination of seronegative patients would be a reasonable
approach.
Differential Expression of Resistant and Efflux Pump Genes in MDR-TB Isolates
Authors: AlMatar Manaf , Var Işıl , Kayar Begüm , Köksal Fatih
Published: October 2019

Background:

Numerous investigations demonstrate efflux as a worldwide bacterial mode of action which contributes to the resistance of drugs. The activity of antibiotics, which subjects to efflux, can be improved by the combined usage of efflux inhibitors. However, the efflux role to the overall levels of antibiotic resistance of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates is inadequately comprehended and is still disregarded by many.

Method:

Here, we assessed the contribution of resistant genes associated with isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (R) resistance to the levels of drug resistance in the (27) clinical isolates of MDR-TB. Additionally, the role of the resistance for six putative drug efflux pump genes to the antibiotics was investigated. The level of katG expression was down-regulated in 24/27 (88.88%) of MDR-TB isolates. Of the 27 MDR-TB isolates, inhA, oxyR-ahpC, and rpoB showed either overexpression or up-regulation in 8 (29.62%), 4 (14.81 %), and 24 (88.88%), respectively. Moreover, the efflux pump genes drrA, drrB, efpA, Rv2459, Rv1634, and Rv1250 were overexpressed under INH/RIF plus fresh pomegranate juice (FPJ) stress signifying the efflux pumps contribution to the overall levels of the resistance of MDR-TB isolates.

Conclusion:

These results displayed that the levels of drug resistance of MDR-TB clinical isolates are due to combination among drug efflux pump and the presence of mutations in target genes, a truth which is often ignored by the specialists of tuberculosis in favour of the almost undoubted significance of drug target- gene mutations for the resistance in M. tuberculosis.
Insect Quarantine Status in Association with Imported Commodities from Timor Leste Passed through Agricultural Quarantine Ware of Mota'ain-District of Belu
Authors: Handayani Astuti , Wagiman Fransiscus Xaverius , Indarti Siwi , Suputa Suputa
Published: October 2019

Timor Leste is one of the exporting countries of agricultural products to Indonesia via the Mota'ain-Belu Regency cross-border. Imported commodities from the country may constitute those which are possible as Pest Quarantine (PQ) carrier media into Indonesia. The status of insect quarantine associated with imported commodities has been studied. Sampling of imported commodities both as open trucks shipments and toted passenger bags are done based on the Agricultural Quarantine Product Sampling Guidelines using the Non-Statistic method (convenience). Samples of commodities in the form seeds or grains were taken as much as 250 grams, while other forms were taken as much as 500 grams. For this study, 40 sample units were taken from seven commodities. The commodity samples were stored for 30 days at the laboratory of Agricultural Quarantine office in Kupang, as most life cycle of postharvest insects ranges from 3 to 5 weeks. Specimens of the infecting insects were identified and their quarantine status were determined. The results showed that there were eight different insects species found in association with six kinds of commodities, while in one sample of rice no insect was found. In robusta coffee the insects found were Necrobia rufipes, Hypothenemus hampei, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and Pyralis manihotalis. In arabica coffee we found H. hampei, and C. ferrugineus. In copra, there were N. rufipes, and Carpophilus dimidiatus. In red beans, there were Callosobruchus chinensis. In mixed red beans, peanuts, and soybeans C. chinensis, C. dimidiatus, and Sitophilus oryzae were found, and in the candlenut there were Oryzaephylus surrinamensis, and C. dimidiatus. All of the insects found in the examined commodities had plant pests status. The highest number of insects associated with the examined commodities from 40 sample units were H. hampei insects found in arabica coffee, which were 62.3 individuals. N. rufipes insects in copra commodity samples appeared on the 25th day after sampling, which meant they were the fastest among other insects.
Potency of Salicylic Acid to Disrupt the Growth and Development of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Octriana Liza , Putra Nugroho Susetya , Suputa Suputa
Published: October 2019

Mealybug is an important pest of papaya plants. Induction of plant resistance using elicitors, such as salicylic acid, might have the potency to reduce the extent of crop damage by mealybug. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was performed to determine the effect of salicylic acid on feeding preference, fecundity, oviposition period, and longevity of papaya mealybug adult, Paracoccus marginatus. The results showed that the application of salicylic acid increased total phenol content on papaya leaf (r = 0.57) hence decreased in feeding preferences and fecundity, slowed down the growth period of the nymph and pre-oviposition period, and prolonged the longevity of mealybug. The potency of using salicylic acid to control of mealybug on papaya in integrated pest management was discussed in this paper.
The Effect of Silica (SiO2) to the Severity of Yellow Leaf Curl Disease on Chili Pepper
Authors: Selangga Dewa Gede Wiryangga , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Susila Anas Dinurrohman , Wiyono Suryo
Published: October 2019

Yellow leaf curl disease of chili pepper caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) has been reported as an important disease in Java and Bali. Disease severity reached 80−100% and it may cause significant yield losses. In order to reduce the negative impact of synthetic insecticides, silica application was evaluated for its potency to suppress the disease. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using randomly block design with 2 factors: PYLCV isolate (Java and Bali) and silica (SiO2) treatment (with and without). Parameters observed were disease symptoms, incubation period, disease incidence and severity, and total silica level. The symptoms of virus infection in Pelita 8 and Seret cultivars were yellow mosaic, leaf curl, green mosaic, dwarf, and cupping upward or downward. A Specific DNA fragment of 912 bp was successfully amplified from 4 samples. Four sequences were obtained and further analysis showed their highest homology, i.e. 96% and 97% with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus-Java (PYLCIV-Java) (JX416180) and PYLCIV-KrthAl (LC381274), respectively. Infection by different virus isolates did not affect disease severity significantly. The application of silica was able to delay symptom development and to suppress the severity of the disease in the range of 16.67−30.33%. Silica application on the soil increased the total content of silica in the plants. However, a further experiment is required to understand the mode of action of silica in inducing plant resistance to the pathogen.
Antagonism Mechanism of Epiphytic Yeast against Anthracnose Pathogen (Colletotrichum acutatum) on Chilli
Authors: Hartati Sri , Wiyono Suryo , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Sinaga Meity Suradji
Published: October 2019

Epiphytic yeasts have the potency as antagonistic agents against various pathogens of post-harvest products. Anthracnose is a major disease of chilli that causes high economic loss. This research was objected to study the antagonism mechanism of epiphytic yeast isolates that have the antagonistic potency against anthracnose pathogen on chilli (Colletotrichum acutatum). Twenty-two isolates of epiphytic yeasts, isolated from chilli leaves and fruit, were tested. The characterization of the antagonism was carried out by antibiosis, anti-fungus volatile production, and chitinolytic activity tests. The results showed that all tested isolates did not have antibiosis mechanism against C. acutatum. All isolates produced volatile compounds which inhibited the colony growth of C. acutatum. Four isolates showed high relative inhibition rate, i.e. isolates B32DEP (35.68%), B30DEP (37.52%), B23DEP (38.52%), and B29DEP (45.42%). Fourteen isolates showed chitinolytic activities. Three of them had high chitinolytic activities, i.e. B12DEP, B2DEP, and G237DEP.
ANALYSIS OF VARIATIONS IN PROFITABILITY AND INDEBTEDNESS OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES IN AP VOJVODINA
Authors: Mirović Vera , Kalaš Branimir , Mijić Kristina
Published: October 2019

The measurement of agricultural companies in terms of profitability and indebtedness enables a real determination of role and position of these companies in the agricultural sector in AP Vojvodina. The aim of the paper is to show the presence or absence of significant difference in the performance level of agricultural companies from the aspect of profitability and indebtedness. Agricultural companies in AP Vojvodina were more profitable and more indebted in the period before 2013 compared to the period after 2013. The results show that there is a significant difference in profitability level of agricultural companies in AP Vojvodina between the period 2013 and after 2013. Using MANOVA test, it is identified a significance for return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net income per employee. On the other hand, results reflect there is no significant difference in indebtedness level of agricultural companies in AP Vojvodina between the period before 2013 and after 2013.
INNOVATION AS DRIVER OF MODERN RETAIL
Authors: Sokolov Mladenović Svetlana , Vukojević Vanja
Published: October 2019

The main objective of the paper is to point to the importance of innovation for modern retail. It relies on the fact that retail, as well as total trade, is an innovation-intensive economic sector, and that innovation is a critical factor in creating and maintaining a long-term competitive advantage. Using the desk research method, the paper takes a conceptually wide approach to understanding the meaning and proliferation of innovation in retail. Special emphasis is on the development and application of technological innovation. The hypothesis on the importance of innovation for modern retail development is tested using the example of 250 largest retail chains, with a focus on Walmart, as the leading retail chain. Based on this, the main features of the application and importance of leading innovation in retail are particularly highlighted.
KLJUČNA PITANJA PREVOĐENJA FINANSIJSKIH IZVEŠTAJA MULTINACIONALNIH KOMPANIJA
Authors: Savić Bojan , Obradović Nataša , Milojević Ivan
Published: October 2019

Circumstances, which include international trade intensification, development of various forms of business cooperation outside national borders - co-production, transfer of technology, joint ventures, strategic alliances, direct foreign investments, and dynamic changes in the business environment, require the management of a company to change its focus, from a local to a global approach. Multinational companies are business leaders in a global framework. The aim of this paper is to highlight the key challenges that multinational companies face when translating foreign currency transactions and the financial statements of foreign business operations for the purpose of compiling consolidated financial statements. In addition, the paper examines whether the chosen functional currency and the exchange rate can be viewed as instruments of their financial reporting policy?
Estrategias de reproducción social. El caso de una familia binacional, trasfronteriza y trasnacional en la región México-Guatemala-Estados Unidos
Authors: Ruiz Juárez Carlos Ernesto
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las estrategias de reproducción social de una familia campesina, binacional, trasfronteriza y trasnacional, cuya trayectoria se ha desarrollado en la región México, Guatemala y Estados Unidos. En esta investigación longitudinal se utilizaron las técnicas de observación no participante y entrevistas a profundidad, para identificar la producción de autoconsumo, el jornalerismo agrícola nacional y trasfronterizo, la pluriactividad y la migración hacia Estados Unidos, como las estrategias principales de reproducción social. Según los resultados, las características de la familia analizada se presentan con regularidad y en generaciones distintas en la mayoría de las que habitan en el ejido Talquián, en Chiapas, por eso se tomó como estudio de caso. Este trabajo aporta un análisis cualitativo a partir de relatos de vida. Se concluye que en los estudios de frontera es fundamental tomar en cuenta una visión trasfronteriza, para explicar las dinámicas que ocurren en ambos lados de la línea geopolítica entre dos países.
Experience of Developing Instruments for Measuring Firearm Functional Coating Thickness
Authors: Syas’ko V. A. , Golubev S. S. , Ivkin A. E.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрена задача измерения толщины различных функциональных неферромагнитных покрытий, применяемых при производстве огнестрельного стрелкового оружия. Для решения поставленной задачи предложен магнитоиндукционный метод измерения толщины покрытий. Обозначены основные источники погрешности, связанные с влиянием на получаемые результаты измерений внешних факторов и особенностей объекта измерения. В частности выявлено, что на результаты измерений существенное влияние оказывает геометрия объекта контроля, отнесенная к диаметру зоны измерения преобразователя, что позволило сформулировать критерии оптимизации его геометрических параметров.Представлены результаты оптимизации соотношений геометрических параметров первичных измерительных преобразователей и зависимость, позволяющая определить диаметр зоны измерения преобразователя при заданном диапазоне толщины.Возбуждение преобразователя негармоническим электромагнитным полем и использование в качестве первичного информативного параметра площадей наведенных ЭДС, тактирование цикла преобразования с привязкой к частоте сетевого напряжения позволило исключить влияние электропроводности покрытия и основания объекта контроля на результаты измерений, повысить помехозащищенность, временную и температурную стабильность, а также использовать износостойкие легированные стали в качестве материала сердечника преобразователя.Совокупность предлагаемых решений позволила разработать толщиномер с малогабаритными измерительными преобразователями для использования в условиях серийного производства предприятий концерна «Калашников» при неразрушающем контроле толщины разнообразных функциональных покрытий малогабаритных и сложнопрофильных деталей современных и перспективных видов стрелкового оружия.
Technological Features of Assembly and Testing of Modular Weapons
Authors: Pisarev S. A. , Minibaev R. V. , Romanov D. S. , Tokarev I. V.
Published: October 2019

Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день теме развития модульного оружия как закономерному процессу развития технических систем общего машиностроения. Рассматриваются технологические особенности сборки стрелкового оружия в целом и относящиеся к модульному оружию в частности. Приведены требования и определены задачи технической подготовки производства. Оценена степень важности этапа сборки.Модульное оружие состоит из деталей и сборок. В свою очередь, детали и сборки имеют определенные размеры и размерные цепи. Анализируются методы решения размерных цепей на предмет применяемости в модульном оружии, в частности, подробно рассматривается применяемость метода абсолютной взаимозаменяемости и конструктивной компенсации.Определены документы, необходимые для рациональной разработки технологии сборки, к основным из которых относятся конструкторская документация и ТУ на изделие. Более детально рассмотрен процесс сборки ствола и ствольной коробки как наиболее сложный и важный момент изготовления модульного оружия. Описаны решения проблемы взаимозаменяемости стволов и определены наиболее проблемные места крепления ствола к ствольной коробке, требующие более детального анализа.Значительное внимание уделено проверкам модульного оружия после сборки. Приведены примеры оборудования и материалы, необходимые для контроля готовой продукции. Определены основные виды приемочно-контрольных испытаний: двумя выстрелами с усиленным зарядом; на меткость; на взаимодействие механизмов и др.
Multi-Stream Simulated Scenario in FANET Based on Poisson Pareto Burst Process in NS-3
Authors: Kaysina I. A. , Vasiliev D. S. , Abilov A. V.
Published: October 2019

Исследовано влияние трафика потоковых данных с нескольких летающих узлов-источников в самоорганизующейся сети беспилотных летательных аппаратов (Flying Ad Hoc Network – FANET) на метрику качества обслуживания (Quality of Service – QoS). В качестве метрики используется полезная пропускная способность (Goodput) сети.Для описания трафика с высокой пачечностью данных от множества источников в сетевом симуляторе Network Simulation 3 (NS-3) была применена модель Пуассона – Парето (PPBP). PPBP служит для описания пакетных систем и является наиболее реалистичной моделью для описания интернет-трафика. Согласно этой модели пачки данных (например, файлы) генерируются в соответствии с процессом Пуассона с параметром l, а размер каждой пачки имеет распределение Парето.Модель была применена в следующем сценарии: летающий узел-шлюз передавал трафик от сети беспилотных летательных аппаратов, сгенерированный согласно модели Пуассона – Парето, на наземный узел-получатель. В ходе исследований был сделан вывод, что увеличение параметра lp и наличие самоподобного трафика повышает требование к метрике QoS – Goodput, что может вызвать ухудшение коэффициента доставки пакетов и увеличить задержки. Решением данной проблемы может являться добавление узлов-ретрансляторов, на которых будет выполняться балансировка нагрузки.
SIMULACIÓN CLÍNICA: OPINIÓN DE ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CHILE, TEMUCO
Authors: Illesca Pretty Mónica , Novoa Moreno Roxana , Cabezas González Mirtha , Hernández Díaz Alejandro , González Osorio Luis
Published: October 2019

La simulación clínica integra la complejidad del aprendizaje práctico-teórico con posibilidad de repetición, retroalimentación, evaluación y reflexión para lograr competencias disciplinares y genéricas del educando. El objetivo es develar la opinión de estudiantes de enfermería acerca del uso de simulación clínica como estrategia de aprendizaje. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa exploratoria y descriptiva, mediante estudio intrínseco de casos, muestra no probabilística, intencionada de casos por criterios y conveniencia, conformada por 15 informantes, 2016, información recogida mediante grupos focales, analizados por reducción de datos en tres niveles, siguiendo el esquema de comparación constante, no agrupándolas en categorías predeterminadas, por proceso de razonamiento inductivo, validados con criterios de rigor y triangulación de investigadores. En cuanto a los resultados, en el primer nivel emergen 320 unidades de significado agrupadas en 6 categorías descriptivas. En el segundo nivel: tres metacategorías y en el tercero, dos dominios cualitativos: aportes de estudiantes para la implementación de Simulación Clínica y contribución de ésta como estrategia de aprendizaje en el desarrollo de competencias disciplinares y genéricas. Se concluye que esta metodología reduce la brecha existente entre la teoría y práctica, fortalece las competencias genéricas y permite que el estudiante asuma la responsabilidad en su formación.
Museos de ciencias locales: un estudio de casos en Argentina
Authors: Ruggeri Desiré
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados y conclusiones más relevantes surgidos de una investigación focalizada en dos museos de ciencias locales, ubicados en la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos, República Argentina. Siguiendo un diseño metodológico mixto, se contrastaron los testimonios del personal con la observación de su comportamiento y el de los visitantes para analizar las modalidades de comunicación de la ciencia que se reflejan en las prácticas de dichas instituciones.
Editorial note: Theory and practices of the corporate board in the international context
Authors: Manzaneque-Lizano Montserrat
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, literature and practitioners, from a theoretical and empirical focus,
agree that corporate governance efficiency is essential to achieve the long-term sustainability of firms and institutions. This issue of the journal marks another step in this area, providing an interdisciplinary dialogue on diversity in corporate governance practices.
Behavioral analysis of mergers and acquisitions decisions
Authors: Asaoka Daisuke
Published: October 2019

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are among the key strategic decisions that firms make. But the problem is that they often result in failure and impairment loss, with the fair value of the acquisition price becoming an issue that poses the risk of overvaluation. The purpose of this paper is to explain the nature of this risk by shedding light on the errors and biases of decision-making managers and directors and their effect on decision-making processes which involve a high degree of discretion and judgment. The paper finds that biases causing overvaluation include overconfidence by managers; an escalation of bidding prices leading to winner’s curse; anchoring in pricing; the endowment effect; and hindsight and confirmation biases. Corporate governance architecture can be designed to mitigate these biases while preserving the positive aspects of overconfidence, such as its promoting of productive and creative activities and coherent internal management. But it is not a panacea since independent directors also have biases and conflicts of interest inherent in the mechanism. Advancements in the understanding of human emotion and psychology promise to protect shareholders by deepening our understanding of corporate decisions.
Situación actual de la educación financiera en jóvenes universitarios de Villavicencio Colombia
Authors: Pérez Paredes Alfredo , Cruz de los Ángeles José Aurelio , Gómez Pulido Andrea Milena
Published: October 2019

La educación financiera, permite a las personas administrar correctamente los recursos y la economía de sus familiares.

Al respecto, la OECD sustenta que “la educación financiera es el proceso mediante el cual los individuos adquieren una mejor comprensión de los conceptos y productos financieros y desarrollan las habilidades necesarias para tomar decisiones informadas, evaluar riesgos y oportunidades financieras, y mejorar su bienestar”. (OECD, 2008). Por tanto, el presente trabajo de investigación persigue el objetivo de medir la educación financiera de los jóvenes universitarios de Villavicencio Colombia. Se aplicó un instrumento compuesto de 18 ítems, que permite identificar el conocimiento que se posee acerca de la educación financiera. Parte de los resultados conseguidos nos manifiesta que, del total de la población de alumnos encuestados, la mayoría, no tiene claro el tema de la educación financiera.
Effect of ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 ratio on the viscosity of lead smelting slags
Authors: OuYang K. , Dou Z.-H. , Zhang T.-A. , Liu Y.
Published: October 2019

The effect of ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 on the viscosity of the PbO-ZnO-Fe3O4-SiO2-CaO slag was measured using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreased with decreasing ZnO/PbO mass ratio because of the depolymerization of the silicate structures. The viscosity decreased with increasing FeOX/SiO2 mass ratio as the experimental temperature was above 1623 K, while the viscosity increased significantly with the increase of FeOX/SiO2 as the experimental temperature below 1623 K because of the phase transition and the change of slag melting point. According to XRD analysis of as-quenched slag, the spinel and the zincite phase increased with increasing FeOX/SiO2. Increasing ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 could enhance the crystallization capacity of the slag. FTIR analysis revealed that the degree of polymerization of the as-quenched slags decreased with decreasing ZnO/PbO and increasing FeOX/SiO2. The temperature dependencies of the viscosity on ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 were investigated, and the apparent activation energies of each system were found to be between 169.5 to 227.4 KJ/mol, and 151.1 to 676.4 KJ/mol, respectively.
Preparation, characterization and formation mechanism of single-crystal zirconia micro-sheets
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Wang Tao , Jiang Weihui , Feng Guo , Miao Lifeng , Chen Ting , Wu Qian , Wang Sanhai
Published: October 2019

Zirconia micro-sheets were prepared by molten salt method using the salt
mixture of NaCl and NaF. FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, DTA-TG, XRD, Raman and FT-IR
techniques were employed to characterize the morphology, phase composition
and formation mechanism of the ZrO2 micro-sheets. The obtained monoclinic
ZrO2 microsheets with exposed {100} facets show an average thickness of 0.2
?m. The growth of the ZrO2 micro-sheets is proved to be assisted by the
addition of fluoride. On the one hand, the addition of fluoride promotes the
mass transfer of zirconia through the formation of zirconium fluoride
complexes (ZrF 3-7). On the other hand, fluoride adsorbed on the surface
of zirconia stabilizes {100} facets and lead to the exposure of {100} facets
in the final product.
Electrical properties of Cu-Mn-Zr co-doped ceria electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell application
Authors: Zagaynov Igor , Fedorov Sergey , Goldberg Margarita
Published: October 2019

Nanocrystalline triple-doped ceria based solid electrolyte materials
(CuxMn0.1-xZr0.1Ce0.8O2, where x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1, as
well as Cu0.08Mn0.02ZryCe0.9-yO2, where y = 0 and 0.1) for intermediate
temperature solid oxide fuel cells were successfully synthesized by
co-precipitation method with sonication and sintered at 1150?C for 4 h in
air. Relative densities of all the samples were above 90-96%. All systems
were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS and TG-DSC-MS for the investigation of
structure and microstructure with elemental composition. The electrical
conductivity of these materials was measured by AC impedance spectroscopy in
the temperature range of 500-750?C in air. It was shown that
Cu0.08Mn0.02Zr0.1Ce0.8O2 ceramics possessed the maximum conductivity of 8 ?
10?3 S/cm at 600?C in air.
Investigations of fine-paste ware production and exchange in maritime Southeast Asia by electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption
Authors: Sirisathitkul Chitnarong , Jutimoosik Jaru , Abbasi Sadeq , Noonsuk Wannasarn
Published: October 2019

The combination of synchrotron X-ray absorption and electronmicroscopy
provided information on the production and exchange of fine-paste ware
(FPW), dated to around the 11th to 14th centuries in peninsular Thailand and
maritime Southeast Asia. White FPW sherds from Kota Cina in north Sumatra, a
well-known trading city in Indonesia, have similar clay composition to those
from Kok Moh on Satingphra Spit in peninsular Thailand. Also, homogeneous
texture indicating high firing temperatures was found in the samples from
Kota Cina as well as in those from Phra Mahathat Temple and Suan Luang
Temple in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand. However, the split Mn
K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) peaks are exclusively
observed in the samples from Nakhon Si Thammarat. The distinctly large
compositions of ?-Fe2O3 and carbon, respectively confirmed by Fe K-edge
extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and energy dispersive
spectroscopy (EDS) spectra, suggest that Nakhon Si Thammarat probably had at
least a FPW production site in which the ash glazing process may have been
implemented. The evidence of such process is not found in the samples from
other sites in maritime Southeast Asia in this analysis.
Different predictive value for short-term all-cause mortality with commonly used biomarkers regarding the cause of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Jovanovic Ljiljana , Subota Vesna , Stavric Milena , Dzudovic Boris , Subotic Bojana , Novcic Natasa , Miric Milica , Matijasevic Jovan , Nikolic Maja , Miloradovic Vladimir , Salinger Sonja , Markovic-Nikolic Natasa , Kos Ljiljana , Preradovic-Kovacevic Tamara , Obradovic Slobodan
Published: October 2019

Background/Aim. The evaluation of blood levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), D-dimer, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) on admission and during the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) are the part of routine diagnostic process and estimation of mortality risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these biomarkers on admission for all-cause 30-day mortality in consecutive PE patients regarding whether they classified as spontaneous, transiently provoked, or permanently provoked PE. Methods. This retrospective analysis was gained from the data of 590 PE patients from the Serbian University Multicenter Pulmonary Embolism Registry (SUPER). Patients had at least one of these biomarkers (BNP, CRP, cTnI, and D-dimer) measured during the first 24 hours upon admission. Results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses demonstrated that BNP had the highest prognostic accuracy for 30-day mortality in patients (n = 219) who had data for all examined biomarkers. BNP provided an AUC of 0.785 (p < 0.001). Separately, BNP had the highest c-statistic for all three groups of patients. CRP had a modest predictive value for the 30-day all-cause mortality in the group with transient provoked PE. Troponin I had a very modest predictive value for the 30-day all-cause mortality only in patients with spontaneous PE, and D-dimer was a very weak predictor of this end-point only in patients with persistent provoked PE. Conclusion. Patients with spontaneous, transient provoked, and persistent provoked PE have a significantly different pro-file of blood biomarkers level with different prognostic significance for early all-cause mortality.