bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations
Authors: Thorell A. , MacCormick A. D. , Awad S. , Reynolds N. , Roulin D. , Demartines N. , Vignaud M. , Alvarez A. , Singh P. M. , Lobo D. N.
Published: March 2016

Background

During the last two decades, an increasing number of bariatric surgical procedures have been performed worldwide. There is no consensus regarding optimal perioperative care in bariatric surgery. This review aims to present such a consensus and to provide graded recommendations for elements in an evidence‐based “enhanced” perioperative protocol.

Methods

The English‐language literature between January 1966 and January 2015 was searched, with particular attention paid to meta‐analyses, randomised controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies. Selected studies were examined, reviewed and graded. After critical appraisal of these studies, the group of authors reached a consensus recommendation.

Results

Although for some elements, recommendations are extrapolated from non‐bariatric settings (mainly colorectal), most recommendations are based on good‐quality trials or meta‐analyses of good‐quality trials.

Conclusions

A comprehensive evidence‐based consensus was reached and is presented in this review by the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) Society. The guidelines were endorsed by the International Association for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition (IASMEN) and based on the evidence available in the literature for each of the elements of the multimodal perioperative care pathway for patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
Potential Candidates for a Structured Canadian ECPR Program for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Grunau Brian , Scheuermeyer Frank Xavier , Stub Dion , Boone Robert H. , Finkler Joseph , Pennington Sarah , Carriere Sarah Ann , Cheung Anson , MacRedmond Ruth , Bashir Jamil , Christenson Jim
Published: March 2016

Objective

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), while resource-intensive, may improve outcomes in selected patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We sought to identify patients who fulfilled a set of ECPR criteria in order to estimate: (1) the proportion of patients with refractory cardiac arrest who may have benefited from ECPR; and (2) the outcomes achieved with conventional resuscitation.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis from a 52-month prospective registry of consecutive adult non-traumatic OHCA cases from a single urban Canadian health region serving one million patients. We developed a hypothetical ECPR-eligible cohort including adult patients <60 years of age with a witnessed OHCA, and either bystander CPR or EMS arrival within five minutes. The primary outcome was the proportion of ECPR-eligible patients who had refractory cardiac arrest, defined as termination of resuscitation pre-hospital or in the ED. The secondary outcome was the proportion of EPCR-eligible patients who survived to hospital discharge.

Results

Of 1,644 EMS-treated OHCA, 168 (10.2%) fulfilled our ECPR criteria. Overall, 54/1644 (3.3%; 95% CI 2.4%-4.1%) who were ECPR-eligible had refractory cardiac arrest. Of ECPR-eligible patients, 114/168 (68%, 95% CI 61%-75%) survived to hospital admission, and 70/168 (42%; 95% CI 34-49%) survived to hospital discharge.

Conclusion

In our region, approximately 10% of EMS-treated cases of OHCA fulfilled our ECPR criteria, and approximately one-third of these (an average of 12 patients per year) were refractory to conventional resuscitation. The integration of an ECPR program into an existing high-performing system of care may have a small but clinically important effect on patient outcomes.
Applicability of the Consent Requirement of the Nigerian Land Use Act to the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria Act
Authors: Nwatu Samuel I , Nwosu Edith O
Published: March 2016

The Nigerian Land Use Act (LUA), which governs contemporary Nigerian land law, provides that any disposition of land must have the prior consent of the appropriate authority under the LUA. However, the Assets Management Corporation of Nigeria Act, which regulates the disposition of eligible bank assets, contains provisions that imply that the requisite consent under the LUA is not required for the disposition of an eligible bank asset consisting of land. This article interrogates the propriety of the provisions of the Assets Management Corporation of Nigeria Act in this regard and argues that, in view of the fact that the LUA is a statute with constitutional flavour by virtue of its entrenchment in the Nigerian Constitution, the LUA's provisions supersede the provisions of any conflicting law.
Morphology of Labronemella major n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), a soil-dwelling nematode from China, including a revised key to species of the genus
Authors: Wu W.J. , Yan L. , Xie H. , Xu C.L. , Wang K. , Jin S.Y.
Published: March 2016

One new species from Qinghai Province, China, Labronemella major n. sp., is described. The new species is characterized by a body length of 3.03–3.34 mm; lip region wide, offset by a distinct depression, disc-like with six separated inner liplets; amphid fovea funnel-shaped, distinctly bulged on body surface in scanning electron micrographs; odontostyle long (35–39 μm) with distinct lumen, aperture about 39–47% of its length; odontophore rod-like and long; guiding ring double; pharyngeal basal expansion about half of the total neck length; uterus relatively long and tripartite; vulva transverse and sclerotized; spicules 81–90 μm long; ventromedial supplements 19–23; tail short, rounded to conoid. It can be differentiated from all other species of the genus by its relatively longer body, odontostyle and spicules, and wider lip region. Due to the lip region being offset by a deep constriction, and the long (three or more times the body diameter at mid-body) tripartite uterus, the new species is close to Labronemella czernowitzensis (Micoletzky, 1922) Andrássy, 2002 and Labronemella labiata Andrássy, 1985. An improved key to the genus including the new species is provided.
Physical mechanisms may be as important as brain mechanisms in evolution of speech
Authors: de Boer Bart , Perlman Marcus
Published: March 2016

We present two arguments why physical adaptations for vocalization may be as important as neural adaptations. First, fine control over vocalization is not easy for physical reasons, and modern humans may be exceptional. Second, we present an example of a gorilla that shows rudimentary voluntary control over vocalization, indicating that some neural control is already shared with great apes.
Does it talk the talk? On the role of basal ganglia in emotive speech processing
Authors: Hasson Uri , Llano Daniel A. , Miceli Gabriele , Dick Anthony Steven
Published: March 2016

Ackermann et al.'s phylogenetic account of speech argues that the basal ganglia imbue speech with emotive content. However, a body of work on auditory/emotive processing is inconsistent with attributing this function exclusively to these structures. The account further overlooks the possibility that the emotion-integration function may be at least in part mediated by the cortico-ponto-cerebellar system.
Advanced Anti-Spoofing Methods in Tracking Loop
Authors: Mosavi M. R. , Nasrpooya Z. , Moazedi M.
Published: March 2016

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become widespread in many civilian applications. GPS signals are vulnerable to interference and even low-power interference can easily spoof GPS receivers. In this paper, two techniques are proposed based on correlators and adaptive filtering to diminish the effect of spoofing on GPS-based positioning. The suggested algorithms are implemented in the tracking loop of the receiver. As a first method, a high-resolution correlator is utilised to avoid big parts of the influence of interference. To improve the results, a multicorrelator technique is also employed. In the second method, an adaptive filter is used for estimating the parameters of authentic plus spoof signals. Interference elimination is performed by subtracting the estimated conflict effects from the measured correlation function. These techniques provide easy-to-implement quality assurance tools for anti-spoofing. As a primary step, in this article, the proposed algorithms have been implemented in a Software Receiver (SR) to prove the concept of idea in multipath-free environments.
J. H. Speke: A Bibliographical Survey
Authors: Simpson Donald H.
Published: March 2016

On the afternoon of 15 September 1864 John Hanning Speke, discoverer of the Source of the Nile, accidentally shot himself in a field at Neston Park, near Box, Wiltshire. In the hundred years since there have been numerous biographies of other explorers of Africa—shelves of books record the achievements of Livingstone, Stanley and Burton—but Speke has been accorded nothing longer than periodical articles or sections in books. Unfortunately, it seems unlikely that any extensive papers exist, but there is a good deal of scattered information in print, and this note is an attempt to relate this to an outline of his life.
Ablation of ventricular arrhythmia originating from the aortic sinus of Valsalva in an adolescent with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery
Authors: Grant Elena K. , Berul Charles I.
Published: March 2016

A 16-year-old patient underwent successful ablation of ventricular arrhythmia originating from the aortic sinus of Valsalva following surgical unroofing of an anomalous right coronary artery. This case illustrates the complexity of decision making in the management of patients with anomalous coronary arteries and the importance of keeping an open mind when determining ventricular arrhythmia aetiology and origin.
Cardiomyopathy in children: Can we rely on echocardiographic tricuspid regurgitation gradient estimates of right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressure?
Authors: Lee Simon , Lytrivi Irene D. , Roytman Zhanna , Ko Hyun-Sook Helen , Vinograd Cheryl , Srivastava Shubhika
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Agreement between echocardiography and right heart catheterisation-derived right ventricular systolic pressure is modest in the adult heart failure population, but is unknown in the paediatric cardiomyopathy population.

Methods

All patients at a single centre from 2001 to 2012 with a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy who underwent echocardiography and catheterisation within 30 days were included in this study. The correlation between tricuspid regurgitation gradient and catheterisation-derived right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure was determined. Agreement between echocardiography and catheterisation-derived right ventricular systolic pressure was assessed using Bland–Altman plots. Analysis was repeated for patients who underwent both procedures within 7 days. Haemodynamic data from those with poor agreement and good agreement between echocardiography and catheterisation were compared.

Results

A total of 37 patients who underwent 48 catheterisation procedures were included in our study. The median age was 11.8 (0.1–20.6 years) with 22 males (58% total). There was a modest correlation (r=0.65) between echocardiography and catheterisation-derived right ventricular systolic pressure, but agreement was poor. Agreement between tricuspid regurgitation gradient and right ventricular systolic pressure showed wide 95% limits of agreement. There was a modest correlation between the tricuspid regurgitation gradient and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r=0.6). Shorter time interval between the two studies did not improve agreement. Those with poor agreement between echocardiography and catheterisation had higher right heart pressures, but this difference became insignificant after accounting for right atrial pressure.

Conclusion

Transthoracic echocardiography estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure shows modest correlation with right heart pressures, but has limited agreement and may underestimate the degree of pulmonary hypertension in paediatric cardiomyopathy patients.
The impact of breast size on mean lung dose for patients receiving tangential radiotherapy to the whole breast
Authors: Schembri Ashley , Mercieca Susan , Courtier Nick , Zarb Francis
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To explore the impact of breast size on mean lung dose (MLD) for patients receiving breast radiotherapy.

Methodology

Chest wall separation (CWS), volume of tissue receiving 95% isodose and MLD were measured on 80 radiotherapy treatment plans of patients receiving tangential radiotherapy treatment to the whole breast. Breast size was categorised as small (CWS<25 cm and planned target volume (PTV)<1,500 cm3) and large (CWS>25 cm and PTV>1500 cm3). Pearson’s correlation and independent sample t-test were used to analyse data.

Results

MLD was not affected by CWS (r=−0·13, p=0·24) nor volume of tissue receiving 95% isodose (r=−0·08, p=0·49). Significant variation between small and large breasts was noted for CWS (t=8·24, p=0·00) and volume of tissue receiving 95% isodose (t=5·68, p=0·00). No significant variation was noted between small and large breast for MLD (t=−0·26, p=0·80) and between left and right breasts for CWS (t=1·42, p=0·16) and volume of tissue receiving 95% isodose (t=−1·08, p=0·28). Significant difference between left (18–808 cGy) and right breast (325–365 cGy) was demonstrated for MLD (t=3·03, p=0·00).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated lack of correlation between breast size and MLD. Further research is recommended for justification of alternative techniques for this subgroup of patients to provide optimised radiotherapy delivery.
Predicting taxonomic and functional structure of microbial communities in acid mine drainage
Authors: Kuang Jialiang , Huang Linan , He Zhili , Chen Linxing , Hua Zhengshuang , Jia Pu , Li Shengjin , Liu Jun , Li Jintian , Zhou Jizhong , Shu Wensheng
Published: March 2016

Predicting the dynamics of community composition and functional attributes responding to environmental changes is an essential goal in community ecology but remains a major challenge, particularly in microbial ecology. Here, by targeting a model system with low species richness, we explore the spatial distribution of taxonomic and functional structure of 40 acid mine drainage (AMD) microbial communities across Southeast China profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing and a comprehensive microarray (GeoChip). Similar environmentally dependent patterns of dominant microbial lineages and key functional genes were observed regardless of the large-scale geographical isolation. Functional and phylogenetic β-diversities were significantly correlated, whereas functional metabolic potentials were strongly influenced by environmental conditions and community taxonomic structure. Using advanced modeling approaches based on artificial neural networks, we successfully predicted the taxonomic and functional dynamics with significantly higher prediction accuracies of metabolic potentials (average Bray–Curtis similarity 87.8) as compared with relative microbial abundances (similarity 66.8), implying that natural AMD microbial assemblages may be better predicted at the functional genes level rather than at taxonomic level. Furthermore, relative metabolic potentials of genes involved in many key ecological functions (for example, nitrogen and phosphate utilization, metals resistance and stress response) were extrapolated to increase under more acidic and metal-rich conditions, indicating a critical strategy of stress adaptation in these extraordinary communities. Collectively, our findings indicate that natural selection rather than geographic distance has a more crucial role in shaping the taxonomic and functional patterns of AMD microbial community that readily predicted by modeling methods and suggest that the model-based approach is essential to better understand natural acidophilic microbial communities.
Chasing the elusive Euryarchaeota class WSA2: genomes reveal a uniquely fastidious methyl-reducing methanogen
Authors: Nobu Masaru Konishi , Narihiro Takashi , Kuroda Kyohei , Mei Ran , Liu Wen-Tso
Published: March 2016

The ecophysiology of one candidate methanogen class WSA2 (or Arc I) remains largely uncharacterized, despite the long history of research on Euryarchaeota methanogenesis. To expand our understanding of methanogen diversity and evolution, we metagenomically recover eight draft genomes for four WSA2 populations. Taxonomic analyses indicate that WSA2 is a distinct class from other Euryarchaeota. None of genomes harbor pathways for CO2-reducing and aceticlastic methanogenesis, but all possess H2 and CO oxidation and energy conservation through H2-oxidizing electron confurcation and internal H2 cycling. As the only discernible methanogenic outlet, they consistently encode a methylated thiol coenzyme M methyltransferase. Although incomplete, all draft genomes point to the proposition that WSA2 is the first discovered methanogen restricted to methanogenesis through methylated thiol reduction. In addition, the genomes lack pathways for carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation and biosynthesis of many amino acids. Acetate, malonate and propionate may serve as carbon sources. Using methylated thiol reduction, WSA2 may not only bridge the carbon and sulfur cycles in eutrophic methanogenic environments, but also potentially compete with CO2-reducing methanogens and even sulfate reducers. These findings reveal a remarkably unique methanogen ‘Candidatus Methanofastidiosum methylthiophilus’ as the first insight into the sixth class of methanogens ‘Candidatus Methanofastidiosa’.
Two-colour live-cell nanoscale imaging of intracellular targets
Authors: Bottanelli Francesca , Kromann Emil B. , Allgeyer Edward S. , Erdmann Roman S. , Wood Baguley Stephanie , Sirinakis George , Schepartz Alanna , Baddeley David , Toomre Derek K. , Rothman James E. , Bewersdorf Joerg
Published: March 2016

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy allows observations of subcellular dynamics at the nanoscale. Applications have, however, been severely limited by the lack of a versatile STED-compatible two-colour labelling strategy for intracellular targets in living cells. Here we demonstrate a universal labelling method based on the organic, membrane-permeable dyes SiR and ATTO590 as Halo and SNAP substrates. SiR and ATTO590 constitute the first suitable dye pair for two-colour STED imaging in living cells below 50 nm resolution. We show applications with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and Golgi-localized proteins, and demonstrate continuous acquisition for up to 3 min at 2-s time resolution.
DHA Suppresses Primary Macrophage Inflammatory Responses via Notch 1/ Jagged 1 Signaling
Authors: Ali Mehboob , Heyob Kathryn , Rogers Lynette K.
Published: March 2016

Persistent macrophages were observed in the lungs of murine offspring exposed to maternal LPS and neonatal hyperoxia. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation prevented the accumulation of macrophages and improved lung development. We hypothesized that these macrophages are responsible for pathologies observed in this model and the effects of DHA supplementation. Primary macrophages were isolated from adult mice fed standard chow, control diets, or DHA supplemented diets. Macrophages were exposed to hyperoxia (O2) for 24 h and LPS for 6 h or 24 h. Our data demonstrate significant attenuation of Notch 1 and Jagged 1 protein levels in response to DHA supplementation in vivo but similar results were not evident in macrophages isolated from mice fed standard chow and supplemented with DHA in vitro. Co-culture of activated macrophages with MLE12 epithelial cells resulted in the release of high mobility group box 1 and leukotriene B4 from the epithelial cells and this release was attenuated by DHA supplementation. Collectively, our data indicate that long term supplementation with DHA as observed in vivo, resulted in deceased Notch 1/Jagged 1 protein expression however, DHA supplementation in vitro was sufficient to suppress release LTB4 and to protect epithelial cells in co-culture.
Fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang Alleviates Memory Deficits and Loss of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Scopolamine-induced Amnesia in Mice
Authors: Park Hee Ra , Lee Heeeun , Park Hwayong , Cho Won-Kyung , Ma Jin Yeul
Published: March 2016

We investigated the anti-amnesic effects of SJ and fermented SJ (FSJ) on scopolamine (SCO)-induced amnesia mouse model. Mice were orally co-treated with SJ or FSJ (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and SCO (1 mg/kg), which was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. SCO decreased the step-through latency and prolonged latency time to find the hidden platform in the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, respectively, and both SCO effects were ameliorated by FSJ treatment. FSJ was discovered to promote hippocampal neurogenesis during SCO treatment by increasing proliferation and survival of BrdU-positive cells, immature/mature neurons. In the hippocampus of SCO, oxidative stress and the activity of acetylcholinesterase were elevated, whereas the levels of acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase were diminished; however, all of these alterations were attenuated by FSJ-treatment. The alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, and phosphorylated Akt that occurred following SCO treatment were protected by FSJ administration. Therefore, our findings are the first to suggest that FSJ may be a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of amnesia and aging-related or neurodegenerative disease-related memory impairment. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which FSJ exerts its effects may involve modulation of the cholinergic system and BDNF/CREB/Akt pathway.
Lepidopteran defence droplets - a composite physical and chemical weapon against potential predators
Authors: Pentzold Stefan , Zagrobelny Mika , Khakimov Bekzod , Engelsen Søren Balling , Clausen Henrik , Petersen Bent Larsen , Borch Jonas , Møller Birger Lindberg , Bak Søren
Published: March 2016

Insects often release noxious substances for their defence. Larvae of Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera) secrete viscous and cyanogenic glucoside-containing droplets, whose effectiveness was associated with their physical and chemical properties. The droplets glued mandibles and legs of potential predators together and immobilised them. Droplets were characterised by a matrix of an aqueous solution of glycine-rich peptides (H-WG11-NH2) with significant amounts of proteins and glucose. Among the proteins, defensive proteins such as protease inhibitors, proteases and oxidases were abundant. The neurotoxin β-cyanoalanine was also found in the droplets. Despite the presence of cyanogenic glucosides, which release toxic hydrogen cyanide after hydrolysis by a specific β-glucosidase, the only β-glucosidase identified in the droplets (ZfBGD1) was inactive against cyanogenic glucosides. Accordingly, droplets did not release hydrogen cyanide, unless they were mixed with specific β-glucosidases present in the Zygaena haemolymph. Droplets secreted onto the cuticle hardened and formed sharp crystalline-like precipitates that may act as mandible abrasives to chewing predators. Hardening followed water evaporation and formation of antiparallel β-sheets of the peptide oligomers. Consequently, after mild irritation, Zygaena larvae deter predators by viscous and hardening droplets that contain defence proteins and β-cyanoalanine. After severe injury, droplets may mix with exuding haemolymph to release hydrogen cyanide.
Suppression of the invasive potential of Glioblastoma cells by mTOR inhibitors involves modulation of NFκB and PKC-α signaling
Authors: Chandrika Goparaju , Natesh Kumar , Ranade Deepak , Chugh Ashish , Shastry Padma
Published: March 2016

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumors in adults with survival period <1.5 years of patients. The role of mTOR pathway is documented in invasion and migration, the features associated with aggressive phenotype in human GBM. However, most of the preclinical and clinical studies with mTOR inhibitors are focused on antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in GBM. In this study, we demonstrate that mTOR inhibitors-rapamycin (RAP), temisirolimus (TEM), torin-1 (TOR) and PP242 suppress invasion and migration induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) and tumor promoter, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and also reduce the expression of the TNFα and IL1β suggesting their potential to regulate factors in microenvironment that support tumor progression. The mTOR inhibitors significantly decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA, protein and activity that was enhanced by TNFα and PMA. The effect was mediated through reduction of Protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α) activity and downregulation of NFκB. TNFα- induced transcripts of NFκB targets -VEGF, pentraxin-3, cathepsin-B and paxillin, crucial in invasion were restored to basal level by these inhibitors. With limited therapeutic interventions currently available for GBM, our findings are significant and suggest that mTOR inhibitors may be explored as anti-invasive drugs for GBM treatment.
Prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Hua , Gao Liuwei , Zhang Bin , Zhang Lianmin , wang Changli
Published: March 2016

The prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to determine the prognostic value of PLR in NSCLC. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for relevant studies. The data and characteristics of each study were extracted, and the hazard ratio (HR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the effect. We also performed subgroup and meta-regression analyses. A total of 2,889 patients in 12 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HR of 1.492 (95% CI: 1.231–1.807, P < 0.001) indicated that patients with an elevated PLR are expected to have a shorter overall survival (OS) after treatment. This meta-analysis indicates that a high PLR might be a predictive factor of poor prognosis in NSCLC. Further large-cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The pathway of ligand entry from the membrane bilayer to a lipid G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Stanley Nathaniel , Pardo Leonardo , Fabritiis Gianni De
Published: March 2016

The binding process through the membrane bilayer of lipid-like ligands to a protein target is an important but poorly explored recognition process at the atomic level. In this work we succeeded in resolving the binding of the lipid inhibitor ML056 to the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1R) using unbiased molecular dynamics simulations with an aggregate sampling of over 800 μs. The binding pathway is a multi-stage process consisting of the ligand diffusing in the bilayer leaflet to contact a “membrane vestibule” at the top of TM 7, subsequently moving from this lipid-facing vestibule to the orthosteric binding cavity through a channel formed by TMs 1 and 7 and the N-terminal of the receptor. Unfolding of the N-terminal alpha-helix increases the volume of the channel upon ligand entry, helping to reach the crystallographic pose that also corresponds to the predicted favorable pose. The relaxation timescales of the binding process show that the binding of the ligand to the “membrane vestibule” is the rate-limiting step in the multi microseconds timescale. We comment on the significance and parallels of the binding process in the context of other binding studies.
A remote-controlled generation of gold@polydopamine (core@shell) nanoparticles via physical-chemical stimuli of polydopamine/gold composites
Authors: Lee Yi Seul , Bae Ji Young , Koo Hye Young , Lee Young Boo , Choi Won San
Published: March 2016

We present the synthesis of polydopamine particle-gold composites (PdopP-Au) and unique release of Au@Pdop core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) from the PdopP-Au upon external stimuli. The PdopP-Au was prepared by controlled synthesis of AuNPs on the Pdop particles. Upon near infrared (NIR) irradiation or NaBH4 treatment on the PdopP-Au, the synthesized AuNPs within the PdopPs could be burst-released as a form of Au@Pdop NPs. The PdopP-Au composite showed outstanding photothermal conversion ability under NIR irradiation due to the ultrahigh loading of the AuNPs within the PdopPs, leading to a remote-controlled explosion of the PdopP-Au and rapid formation of numerous Au@Pdop NPs. The release of the Au@Pdop NPs could be instantly stopped or re-started by off or reboot of NIR, respectively. The structure of the released Au@Pdop NPs is suitable for a catalyst or adsorbent, thus we demonstrated that the PdopP-Au composite exhibited excellent and sustained performances for environmental remediation due to its capability of the continuous production of fresh catalysts or adsorbents during the reuse.
The Silk-protein Sericin Induces Rapid Melanization of Cultured Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Activating the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Eidet J. R. , Reppe S. , Pasovic L. , Olstad O. K. , Lyberg T. , Khan A. Z. , Fostad I. G. , Chen D. F. , Utheim T. P.
Published: March 2016

Restoration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to prevent further loss of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration represents a promising novel treatment modality. Development of RPE transplants, however, requires up to 3 months of cell differentiation. We explored whether the silk protein sericin can induce maturation of primary human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells. Microarray analysis demonstrated that sericin up-regulated RPE-associated transcripts (RPE65 and CRALBP). Upstream analysis identified the NF-κB pathway as one of the top sericin-induced regulators. ELISA confirmed that sericin stimulates the main NF-κB pathway. Increased levels of RPE-associated proteins (RPE65 and the pigment melanin) in the sericin-supplemented cultures were confirmed by western blot, spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. Sericin also increased cell density and reduced cell death following serum starvation in culture. Inclusion of NF-κB agonists and antagonists in the culture medium showed that activation of the NF-κB pathway appears to be necessary, but not sufficient, for sericin-induced RPE pigmentation. We conclude that sericin promotes pigmentation of cultured primary hRPE cells by activating the main NF-κB pathway. Sericin’s potential role in culture protocols for rapid differentiation of hRPE cells derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells should be investigated.
Tight-binding approach to penta-graphene
Authors: Stauber T. , Beltrán J. I. , Schliemann J.
Published: March 2016

We introduce an effective tight-binding model to discuss penta-graphene and present an analytical solution. This model only involves the π-orbitals of the sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and reproduces the two highest valence bands. By introducing energy-dependent hopping elements, originating from the elimination of the sp3-hybridized carbon atoms, also the two lowest conduction bands can be well approximated - but only after the inclusion of a Hubbard onsite interaction as well as of assisted hopping terms. The eigenfunctions can be approximated analytically for the effective model without energy-dependent hopping elements and the optical absorption is discussed. We find large isotropic absorption ranging from 7.5% up to 24% for transitions at the Γ-point.
Dislocation-free Ge Nano-crystals via Pattern Independent Selective Ge Heteroepitaxy on Si Nano-Tip Wafers
Authors: Niu Gang , Capellini Giovanni , Schubert Markus Andreas , Niermann Tore , Zaumseil Peter , Katzer Jens , Krause Hans-Michael , Skibitzki Oliver , Lehmann Michael , Xie Ya-Hong , von Känel Hans , Schroeder Thomas
Published: March 2016

The integration of dislocation-free Ge nano-islands was realized via selective molecular beam epitaxy on Si nano-tip patterned substrates. The Si-tip wafers feature a rectangular array of nanometer sized Si tips with (001) facet exposed among a SiO2 matrix. These wafers were fabricated by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible nanotechnology. Calculations based on nucleation theory predict that the selective growth occurs close to thermodynamic equilibrium, where condensation of Ge adatoms on SiO2 is disfavored due to the extremely short re-evaporation time and diffusion length. The growth selectivity is ensured by the desorption-limited growth regime leading to the observed pattern independence, i.e. the absence of loading effect commonly encountered in chemical vapor deposition. The growth condition of high temperature and low deposition rate is responsible for the observed high crystalline quality of the Ge islands which is also associated with negligible Si-Ge intermixing owing to geometric hindrance by the Si nano-tip approach. Single island as well as area-averaged characterization methods demonstrate that Ge islands are dislocation-free and heteroepitaxial strain is fully relaxed. Such well-ordered high quality Ge islands present a step towards the achievement of materials suitable for optical applications.
HoxD expression in the fin-fold compartment of basal gnathostomes and implications for paired appendage evolution
Authors: Tulenko Frank J. , Augustus Gaius J. , Massey James L. , Sims Seth E. , Mazan Sylvie , Davis Marcus C.
Published: March 2016

The role of Homeobox transcription factors during fin and limb development have been the focus of recent work investigating the evolutionary origin of limb-specific morphologies. Here we characterize the expression of HoxD genes, as well as the cluster-associated genes Evx2 and LNP, in the paddlefish Polyodon spathula, a basal ray-finned fish. Our results demonstrate a collinear pattern of nesting in early fin buds that includes HoxD14, a gene previously thought to be isolated from global Hox regulation. We also show that in both Polyodon and the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (a representative chondrichthyan) late phase HoxD transcripts are present in cells of the fin-fold and co-localize with And1, a component of the dermal skeleton. These new data support an ancestral role for HoxD genes in patterning the fin-folds of jawed vertebrates, and fuel new hypotheses about the evolution of cluster regulation and the potential downstream differentiation outcomes of distinct HoxD-regulated compartments.
Discontinuous nature of the repulsive-to-attractive colloidal glass transition
Authors: van de Laar T. , Higler R. , Schroën K. , Sprakel J.
Published: March 2016

In purely repulsive colloidal systems a glass transition can be reached by increasing the particle volume fraction beyond a certain threshold. The resulting glassy state is governed by configurational cages which confine particles and restrict their motion. A colloidal glass may also be formed by inducing attractive interactions between the particles. When attraction is turned on in a repulsive colloidal glass a re-entrant solidification ensues. Initially, the repulsive glass melts as free volume in the system increases. As the attraction strength is increased further, this weakened configurational glass gives way to an attractive glass in which motion is hindered by the formation of physical bonds between neighboring particles. In this paper, we study the transition from repulsive-to-attractive glasses using three-dimensional imaging at the single-particle level. We show how the onset of cage weakening and bond formation is signalled by subtle changes in local structure. We then demonstrate the discontinuous nature of the solid-solid transition, which is marked by a critical onset at a threshold bonding energy. Finally, we highlight how the interplay between bonding and caging leads to complex and heterogeneous dynamics at the microscale.
Virus infection mediates the effects of elevated CO2 on plants and vectors
Authors: Trębicki Piotr , Vandegeer Rebecca K. , Bosque-Pérez Nilsa A. , Powell Kevin S. , Dader Beatriz , Freeman Angela J. , Yen Alan L. , Fitzgerald Glenn J. , Luck Jo E.
Published: March 2016

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has increased significantly and is projected to double by 2100. To increase current food production levels, understanding how pests and diseases respond to future climate driven by increasing CO2is imperative. We investigated the effects of elevated CO2(eCO2) on the interactions among wheat (cv. Yitpi),Barley yellow dwarf virusand an important pest and virus vector, the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), by examining aphid life history, feeding behavior and plant physiology and biochemistry. Our results showed for the first time that virus infection can mediate effects of eCO2on plants and pathogen vectors. Changes in plant N concentration influenced aphid life history and behavior and N concentration was affected by virus infection under eCO2. We observed a reduction in aphid population size and increased feeding damage on noninfected plants under eCO2but no changes to population and feeding on virus-infected plants irrespective of CO2treatment. We expect potentially lower future aphid populations on noninfected plants but no change or increased aphid populations on virus-infected plants therefore subsequent virus spread. Our findings underscore the complexity of interactions between plants, insects and viruses under future climate with implications for plant disease epidemiology and crop production.
Synthesis of “amphiphilic” carbon dots and their application for the analysis of iodine species (I2, I− and IO3−) in highly saline water
Authors: Wang Meina , Zheng Baozhan , Yang Feng , Du Juan , Guo Yong , Dai Jianyuan , Yan Lei , Xiao Dan
Published: March 2016

In this work, “amphiphilic” carbon dots (A-CDs) with a strong green fluorescence were synthesized by a simple and green method at room temperature, and the synthesized A-CDs could be used for the analysis of iodine species (I2, I− and IO3−) in highly saline water.
Identification and exclusion of intermediates of photocatalytic CO2 reduction on TiO2 under conditions of highest purity
Authors: Pougin Anna , Dilla Martin , Strunk Jennifer
Published: March 2016

On TiO2 P25, CO is not an intermediate in photocatalytic CO2 reduction; instead, a mechanism involving C2 intermediates is likely.
A microfluidic array for real-time live-cell imaging of human and rodent pancreatic islets
Authors: Nourmohammadzadeh Mohammad , Xing Yuan , Lee Jin Wuk , Bochenek Matthew A. , Mendoza-Elias Joshua E. , McGarrigle James J. , Marchese Enza , Chun-Chieh Yeh , Eddington David T. , Oberholzer José , Wang Yong
Published: March 2016

In this study, we present a microfluidic array for high-resolution imaging of individual pancreatic islets.
Digital diffraction detection of protein markers for avian influenza
Authors: Im Hyungsoon , Park Yong Il , Pathania Divya , Castro Cesar M. , Weissleder Ralph , Lee Hakho
Published: March 2016

A smartphone-based assay is developed to detect soluble protein markers in point-of-care settings.
Refilling of carbon nanotube cartridges for 3D nanomanufacturing
Authors: Bekarevich Raman , Toyoda Masami , Baba Shuichi , Nakata Toshihiko , Hirahara Kaori
Published: March 2016

The effect of thermophoresis was utilized for length-selective loading of gold nanowires into the interior of carbon nanotubes.
Isocyanide-based three component reaction for synthesis of highly cyano substituted furan derivatives
Authors: Safaei Hamid Reza , Dehbozorgi Farbod
Published: March 2016

A rapid and efficient solvent-free one-pot synthesis of novel alkyl amino aryl furan tricarbonitrile derivatives is described under catalyst-free conditions.
TEA incorporated CS blend composite membrane for high CO2 separation performance
Authors: Yu Miao , Dai Yan , Yang Kai , Li Hao , Guo Huimin , He Gaohong
Published: March 2016

A novel triethanolamine–chitosan blend membrane exhibits better CO2/N2 separation performance and mechanical properties than pristine chitosan membrane.
An ionic liquid-mesoporous silica blend as a novel adsorbent for the adsorption and recovery of palladium ions, and its applications in continuous flow study and as an industrial catalyst
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Wu Chia-Ming , Koodali Ranjit T. , Rajesh N.
Published: March 2016

Aliquat-336@SBA-15 blend adsorbent effectively adsorbs Pd from a spent catalyst.
Tracking translocation of glucan microparticles targeting M cells: implications for oral drug delivery
Authors: Xie Yunchang , Hu Xiongwei , He Haisheng , Xia Fei , Ma Yuhua , Qi Jianping , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili , Lu Yi , Wu Wei
Published: March 2016

Model glucan microparticles (GMs) targeting M cells are employed to track translocation through M cell pathways as well as to various organsviathe systemic circulation.
Effects of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate on pathomorphology and gene/protein expression related to thyroid disruption in rats
Authors: Zhao Fei , Wang Jing , Fang Yanjun , Ding Jia , Yang Honglian , Li Li , Xi Zhuge , Qiao Haixuan
Published: March 2016

This study focused on the effects of TDCIPP on thyroid function and hormone homeostasis in mammals. Our results certified that TDCIPP induces slight thyroid follicular hyperplasia, disturbs the normal bioprocess on TH synthesis, biotransformation and hepatic detoxification of pubertal female SD rats, causing thyroid function disorder.
Structural features and molecular aggregations of designed triple-stranded β-sheets in single crystals
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anupam , Misra Rajkumar , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: March 2016

Design, synthesis, single-crystal conformations and molecular aggregations of hybrid triple-stranded β-sheets, and their structural analogy with protein structures are reported.
New outcomes of Lewis base addition to diboranes(4): electronic effects override strong steric disincentives
Authors: Arnold Nicole , Braunschweig Holger , Damme Alexander , Dewhurst Rian D. , Pentecost Leanne , Radacki Krzysztof , Stellwag-Konertz Sascha , Thiess Torsten , Trumpp Alexandra , Vargas Alfredo
Published: March 2016

Two surprising new outcomes of the reaction of Lewis bases with dihalodiboranes(4) are presented.
Theory for spiralling ions for 2D FT-ICR and comparison with precessing magnetization vectors in 2D NMR
Authors: Sehgal Akansha Ashvani , Pelupessy Philippe , Rolando Christian , Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: March 2016

Trajectory of an ion in the course of 2D ICR sequence comprising two rf pulses (red trajectories) and two intervals of free evolution (black trajectories): an “evolution interval” and a “fragmentation interval” where the dissociation of the ion can be induced.
New transition metal complexes containing imidazole rings endowed with potential antiamoebic activity
Authors: Wani Mohmmad Younus , Bhat Abdul Roouf , Azam Amir , Athar Fareeda , Sobral Abilio J. F. N.
Published: March 2016

Imidazole-hydrazones were found to be better antiamoebic lead molecules compared to the standard drug metronidazole (MNZ). Chelation of these bioactive ligands with metals enhanced their activity profiles.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of void-induced graphene-wrapped nickel oxide hybrids for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Savu Raluca , Dubey Pawan Kumar , Kumar Pradip , Moshkalev Stanislav A.
Published: March 2016

A simple and fast microwave irradiation technique has been used to synthesize void-induced with graphene-wrapped nickel oxide (VGWN) hybrids. The VGWN hybrid material provides long term cyclic stability and excellent electrochemical performance.
Constructing nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon/graphene networks as promising electrode materials for supercapacitive energy storage
Authors: Zhu Yu , Tao Yousheng
Published: March 2016

Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon/graphene networks have been constructed and show a larger specific capacitance than that of NPCs and rGO.
A new triazine functionalized luminescent covalent organic framework for nitroaromatic sensing and CO2 storage
Authors: Gomes Ruth , Bhaumik Asim
Published: March 2016

A hexagonal COF has been designed via Schiff-base condensation reaction between 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)triazine and 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol. It showed excellent sensing behavior towards nitroaromatic compounds through fluorescence quenching and excellent CO2 uptake.
Photoinduced doping and photoluminescence signature in an exfoliated WS2 monolayer semiconductor
Authors: Wang X. H. , Ning J. Q. , Su Z. C. , Zheng C. C. , Zhu B. R. , Xie L. , Wu H. S. , Xu S. J.
Published: March 2016

Photoinduced doping effect in a mechanically-exfoliated high-quality tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer.
Isocoumarins and benzofurans from the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae possess α-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities
Authors: Chen Senhua , Liu Yayue , Liu Zhaoming , Cai Runlin , Lu Yongjun , Huang Xishan , She Zhigang
Published: March 2016

Six new isocoumarins, compounds1–4and14–15, two new benzofurans,16–17, along with nine known isocoumarin analogues,5–13were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungusTalaromyces amestolkiaeYX1.
Nanoscale graphene coating on commercially pure titanium for accelerated bone regeneration
Authors: Jung Ho Sang , Choi Yeong-jin , Jeong Jiwon , Lee Yongmoon , Hwang Byungwoo , Jang Jinah , Shim Jin-Hyung , Kim Yun Seop , Choi Hyun Sik , Oh Sang Ho , Lee Chong Soo , Cho Dong-Woo , Hahn Sei Kwang
Published: March 2016

Nanoscale coating of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) resulted in accelerated bone regeneration in the calvarial bone defect of rats.
Reconsidering learning difficulties and misconceptions in chemistry: emergence in chemistry and its implications for chemical education
Authors: Tümay Halil
Published: March 2016

Identifying students' misconceptions and learning difficulties and finding effective ways of addressing them has been one of the major concerns in chemistry education. However, the chemistry education community has paid little attention to determining discipline-specific aspects of chemistry that can lead to learning difficulties and misconceptions. In this article, it is argued that emergence plays a critical role in the epistemology and the ontology of chemistry and hence it should be taken into account for understanding learning difficulties and finding ways of addressing them in chemistry. It is particularly argued that one of the fundamental sources of learning difficulties and chemical misconceptions is learners' failure to understand the emergent nature of chemical entities, their properties, and interactions. In this article, an interpretive analysis framework is suggested for identifying specific learning demands and the sources of learners' misconceptions about the emergent chemical properties and phenomena. Findings from previous research on learners' misconceptions regarding emergent chemical properties are reanalyzed and interpreted through this framework. Inadequacies of typical teaching practices and their consequences are discussed from an emergentist perspective. Finally, implications of the emergentist perspective for more meaningful chemical education are discussed.
Colour-tunable asymmetric cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes and STM-assisted stability assessment of ancillary ligands for OLEDs
Authors: Sanning Jan , Stegemann Linda , Ewen Pascal R. , Schwermann Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Zhang Dongdong , Lin Na , Duan Lian , Wegner Daniel , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: March 2016

The DFT-guided and STM-assisted realization of tunable triplet emitters is reported.
Thermal quenching and energy transfer in novel Bi3+/Mn2+co-doped white-emitting borosilicate glasses for UV LEDs
Authors: Liu X. Y. , Guo H. , Liu Y. , Ye S. , Peng M. Y. , Zhang Q. Y.
Published: March 2016

Tunable white-emission due to efficient energy transfer has been demonstrated in Bi3+/Mn2+co-doped borosilicate glasses.