bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologies Supporting Pandemic Restrictions in the Hospitality Industry, Hitherto Experiences and Outlook
Authors: URBAN Wieslaw , ŁUKASZEWICZ Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic established new conditions for the hospitality industry, pandemic restrictions precluded full provision of leisure services. The study aims to identify technological concepts that could noticeably support the industry in dealing with pandemic restrictions while allowing guests take advantage of hospitality services. This is a conceptual study based on comprehensive review of the scientific literature and secondary sources, supported by the creative methodology. Twelve technological device concepts are elaborated, then evaluated, how they support pandemic-related restrictions and affect customer experience. Proposed concepts are aiming at the state of the art and beyond. The study mainly contributes with technological conceptualizations conceivably inspiring further developments favorable to the hospitality industry, particularly in pandemic time. The study presents a value co-creation analysis of the device concepts, several conclusions referring to the implementation of technologies in the hospitality industry are drawn up. One of the conclusions is that the current pandemic situation brings an opportunity to move toward the Industry 4.0 transformation. The study concerns a wider problem of technological changes than just pandemic restrictions.
Assessment of Overtourism Manifestations by Visitors of Russian Destinations. The Case from Sochi
Authors: VETITNEV Alexander Mikhailovich , CHIGAREV Dmitriy Valerievich
Published: February 2021

The article continues the study of the reasons influencing the risk of overtourism-related challenges in Sochi resort. Some elements of influence of the area overcrowding as the main manifestation of overtourism on the visitors have been studied. The relationship between various aspects of the visitors' perception of people congestion in the resort city has been considered. Attention has been paid to such most informative factors as socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the visitors and the existence of conflicts between holidaymakers and the locals. The reasons that annoy tourists during their stay in Sochi have been analyzed. Based on the fact of a relatively small number of conflicts between tourists and locals, as well as a fairly high overall satisfaction of the visitors, it may be concluded that there is no unconditional impact of overtourism on the quality of the experience of the visitors to the Sochi resort. Identification of the factors of overcrowding influence on tourists satisfaction and loyalty and expanding the visitor experience monitoring toolkit can be useful as well for managing tourism development in well-developed tourism destinations.
The Influences of Travel Expenses on the Indicator Factors of Sustainability in GMS Member Countries
Authors: SIHABUTR Chaturaporn , NONTHAPOT Sakkarin
Published: February 2021

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) member countries contain tourism resources that can attract foreign tourists to visit. This is also a good opportunity for national development under the concept of sustainability in three dimensions, i.e., environmental, economic, and social. Data from 1990 to 2019 was used, which were brought for the unit root test. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was used for finding the cointegration, and the vector error correction model (VECM) and Vector autoregression (VAR) were utilized for finding the short-term relationship. The Granger causality test was based on the travel expenses on the factors of sustainability. The results revealed that the data had different stationarity levels. Similarly, the influences of travel expenses on the dimensions of sustainability of each country were different, too. The long-term relationship was found from the travel expenses on the environmental dimension in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Thailand. The travel expenses were the Granger causality for the environmental dimension in those countries, and had a long-term relationship on the social dimension in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand. However, this factor only showed the Granger causality on the social dimension in Myanmar. For the economic dimension, travel expenses had a long-term relationship only in Cambodia, and the Granger causality for the economic dimension in Cambodia and Thailand. However, travel expenses did not affect the sustainability in any dimensions in Vietnam, which possibly implied that the influences of travel expenses on sustainability in different indicators depended on the structure, readiness, and the context of each country.
Stawanie się motłochem: Wielogatunkowe dobra wspólne poza nowoczesnością
Authors: Moll Łukasz , Pospiszyl Michał
Published: February 2021

Artykuł stanowi propozycję filozofii podmiotu politycznego, która uwzględniałaby osiągnięcia dwóch (zwykle niewchodzących ze sobą w dialog) tradycji badawczych. Z jednej strony historii oddolnej, z drugiej – nowego materializmu, zainteresowanego kształtowaniem się wspólnot wielogatunkowych. W kolejnych rozdziałach eseju autorzy pokazują, dlaczego koncepcja motłochu (jako podmiotu wielogatunkowego) może okazać się bardzo dobrym narzędziem, użytecznym zarazem do studiowania historii klas podporządkowanych, jak i do budowania nowej polityki w warunkach kryzysu klimatycznego. Proponowany przez nich kierunek polega na oparciu sprawczości ludzkich i nie-ludzkich zdominowanych na praktykach wielogatunkowego uwspólniania.
Stacked filters
Authors: Deeds Kyle , Hentschel Brian , Idreos Stratos
Published: February 2021

We present Stacked Filters, a new probabilistic filter which is fast and robust similar to query-agnostic filters (such as Bloom and Cuckoo filters), and at the same time brings low false positive rates and sizes similar to classifier-based filters (such as Learned Filters). The core idea is that Stacked Filters incorporate workload knowledge about frequently queried non-existing values. Instead of learning, they structurally incorporate that knowledge using hashing and several sequenced filter layers, indexing both data and frequent negatives. Stacked Filters can also gather workload knowledge on-the-fly and adaptively build the filter. We show experimentally that for a given memory budget, Stacked Filters achieve end-to-end query throughput up to 130x better than the best alternative for a workload, either query-agnostic or classifier-based filters, and depending on where data is (SSD or HDD).
QoS Based Optimal Resource Allocation and Workload Balancing for Fog Enabled IoT
Authors: Khalid Adnan , ul Ain Qurat , Qasim Awais , Aziz Zeeshan
Published: February 2021

This paper is aimed at efficiently distributing workload between the Fog Layer and the Cloud Network and then optimizing resource allocation in cloud networks to ensure better utilization and quick response time of the resources available to the end user. We have employed a Dead-line aware scheme to migrate the data between cloud and Fog networks based on data profiling and then used K-Means clustering and Service-request prediction model to allocate the resources efficiently to all requests. To substantiate our model, we have used iFogSim, which is an extension of the CloudSim simulator. The results clearly show that when an optimized network is used the Quality of Service parameters exhibit better efficiency and output.
Covering classes and 1-tilting cotorsion pairs over commutative rings
Authors: Bazzoni Silvana , Le Gros Giovanna
Published: February 2021

We are interested in characterising the commutative rings for which a 1-tilting cotorsion pair

(
𝒜
,
𝒯
)

{(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{T})}

provides for covers, that is when the class

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is a covering class.
We use Hrbek’s bijective correspondence between the 1-tilting cotorsion pairs over a commutative ring R and the faithful finitely generated Gabriel topologies on R.
Moreover, we use results of Bazzoni–Positselski, in particular a generalisation of Matlis equivalence and their characterisation of covering classes for 1-tilting cotorsion pairs arising from flat injective ring epimorphisms.
Explicitly, if

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

is the Gabriel topology associated to the 1-tilting cotorsion pair

(
𝒜
,
𝒯
)

{(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{T})}

, and

R
𝒢

{R_{\mathcal{G}}}

is the ring of quotients with respect to

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

, we show that if

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is covering, then

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

is a perfect localisation (in Stenström’s sense [B. Stenström, Rings of Quotients, Springer, New York, 1975]) and the localisation

R
𝒢

{R_{\mathcal{G}}}

has projective dimension at most one as an R-module.
Moreover, we show that

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is covering if and only if both the localisation

R
𝒢

{R_{\mathcal{G}}}

and the quotient rings

R
/
J

{R/J}

are perfect rings for every

J
∈
𝒢

{J\in\mathcal{G}}

.
Rings satisfying the latter two conditions are called

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

-almost perfect.
Risk assessment of geological disasters in Nyingchi, Tibet
Authors: Wu Chenshuang , Guo Yonggang , Su Libin
Published: February 2021

To reduce the adverse effects of geological disasters on Nyingchi, this article selected nine highly correlated risk assessment factors for the types of geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows and used two methods of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for analysis and comparison. The spatial overlay analysis of each factor with weight is carried out in ArcGIS to make a classification map of geological hazards in Nyingchi. Risk assessment of geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, and mudslides indicates that the slope, distance from the faults, and relative elevation difference of topography have severe impact on natural disasters; at least more than 60% of the areas belong to medium-, high-, and extremely high-risk areas, and it is urgent to strengthen protection and governance; the evaluation results of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process are more in line with the actual survey situation and are more suitable for Tibet. This research is able to provide a basis for ecological protection, ecological restoration, and geological disaster prevention and management in southeastern Tibet. It also has important reference value for the coordinated development of urban and the environmental projects.
COVID-19 and neurology perspective
Authors: Singh Shivani , Ahirwar Ashok Kumar , Asia Priyanka , Gopal Niranjan , Kaim Kirti , Ahirwar Pradeep
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV2 (The novel corona virus) has already taken lives of many people across the globe even more than anyone could have imagined. This outbreak occurred in China and since then it is expanding its devastating effects by leaps and bounds. Initially it appeared to be an outbreak of pneumonia but soon it was found to be much more than that and the infectivity was found to be very high. This is the reason that it has taken whole globe in its trap and become a pandemic in such a short span of time. Death is occurring because it is a new virus and human body has no specific antibodies for it. Presently there is no approved vaccine so everyone is susceptible but people with co-morbidities appear to be in more risk and the best way for protection is social distancing and increasing one’s natural immunity by taking healthy diet and exercise. When a person is infected the clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe ARDS, sudden onset of anosmia, headache, cough may be the initial symptoms. This review is focused on immunopathology and effect of COVID-19 on neurological disorders and also the neurological manifestations and the treatment.
Die Erfindung des Investiturstreits
Authors: Kohl Thomas
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht, wann und wie die Laieninvestitur zum zentralen Streitgegenstand im sogenannten „Investiturstreit“ wurde und in welchem Kontext der Begriff Investiturstreit entstand. Er plädiert dafür, lediglich die letzte Phase der Auseinandersetzungen von 1100/11 bis 1122 als „Investiturstreit“ zu bezeichnen und von der durch Schismen gekennzeichneten Zeit davor abzusetzen. Denn erst nach 1100, vor allem nach der Gefangennahme Paschalis’ II. und der Ausstellung des Investiturprivilegs 1111, trat das Thema „Laieninvestitur“ in den Vordergrund der Auseinandersetzungen. Die vorangegangenen Konflikte der Zeit Heinrichs IV., die tatsächlich auf einer unübersichtlichen Gemengelage von Themen und Konfliktlinien beruhten, wurden seit 1111 retrospektiv als Investiturkonflikte gedeutet. Mit der steigenden Bedeutung der Laieninvestitur hing eine subtile Bedeutungsverschiebung des Wortes „investitura“ zusammen, denn die Investitur wurde zunehmend als der entscheidende Vorgang in der Erhebung eines Bischofs oder Abts verstanden. Obwohl die Laieninvestitur den Zeitgenossen seit 1111 allgemein als zentraler Konfliktgegenstand galt, findet sich eine Charakterisierung als „querela investiturarum“ oder „controversia investiturae“ erst seit den 1120er Jahren. Dies geschah vor allem in Kontexten, in denen ein Kontrast zwischen Heinrich V. und den Königen von England (bei William von Malmesbury) und Frankreich (bei Suger von Saint-Denis) hergestellt werden sollte. Übernimmt man diese Deutung der Auseinandersetzungen im Reich zwischen 1076 und 1122 als Investiturstreit, so schließt man sich einerseits der rückblickenden Deutung der Zeit nach 1111 und andererseits den politisch motivierten Interpretationen des Geschehens seit den 1120/30er Jahren an und verstellt damit den Blick auf die Hintergründe der Auseinandersetzungen der Zeit Heinrichs IV. sowie ihren europäischen Kontext.
The uncertainty of CRUST1.0
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. , Abrehdary Majid
Published: February 2021

As crustal structure models based on seismic and other data are frequently used as a-priori information for further geophysical and geological studies and interpretations (e. g., for gravity inversion), it is important to accurately document their qualities. For instance, the uncertainties in published crustal structures deeply affect the accuracies of produced Moho contour maps. The qualities in seismic crustal models arise from several factors such as the survey method, the spatial resolution of the survey (for example the spacing of the shot points and the recording stations), and the analytical techniques utilized to process the data. It is difficult to determine the uncertainties associated with seismic based crustal depth/Moho depth (MD) models, and even more difficult to use such data for estimating the Moho density contrast (MDC) and its accuracy. However, there is another important observable available today, namely global satellite gravitational data, which are fairly homogeneous v. r. t. accuracy and distribution over the planet. For instance, we find by simple error propagation, using the error covariance matrix of the GOCE TIM5 gravitational model, that this model can determine the MD to a global RMS error of 0.8 km with a resolution of about 1° for a known MDC of 200 

kg
/

m

3

\text{kg}/{\text{m}^{3}}

. However, the uncertainty in the MDC will further deteriorate the result.

We present a new method for estimating the MD and MDC uncertainties of one model by comparing it with another (correlated or uncorrelated) model with known uncertainty. The method is applied in estimating the uncertainty for the CRUST1.0 MD model from four global models (CRUST19, MDN07, GEMMA1.0, KTH15C), yielding mean standard errors varying between 2 and 4.9 km in ocean regions and between 3.2 and 6.0 km on land regions with overall means of 3.8±0.4 and

4.8
±
0.6

km

4.8\pm 0.6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{km}

, respectively.

Also, starting from the KTH15C MDC model, the mean standard error of CRUST1.0 MDC was estimated to 47.4 and 48.3 

kg
/

m

3

\text{kg}/{\text{m}^{3}}

for ocean and land regions, respectively.
A new species of Cynomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from the northwestern slope of the Andes
Authors: Arenas-Viveros Daniela , Sánchez-Vendizú Pamela , Giraldo Alan , Salazar-Bravo Jorge
Published: February 2021

The systematics and taxonomy of the broadly distributed bats of the genus Cynomops has changed considerably in the last few years. Among the major changes, Cynomops abrasus was split into two species of large-bodied forms (Cynomops mastivus and C. abrasus) distributed east of the Andes. However, large Colombian specimens identified as C. abrasus from the western side of the Andes had yet to be included in any revisionary work. Phylogenetic analysis performed in this study, using mtDNA sequences (Cytochrome-b), revealed that these Colombian individuals are more closely related to Cynomops greenhalli. Morphological and molecular data allowed us to recognize populations from western Colombia, western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, as members of a new species of Cynomops. Characters that allow for its differentiation from C. greenhalli include a larger forearm, paler but more uniform ventral pelage, more globular braincase, and well-developed zygomatic processes of the maxilla (almost reaching the postorbital constriction). This study serves as another example of the importance of including multiple lines of evidence in the recognition of a new species. Given its rarity and the advanced transformation of its habitat, this new species is particularly important from a conservation perspective.
Hardwood kraft pulp fibre oxidation using acidic hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Martinsson Axel , Hasani Merima , Theliander Hans
Published: February 2021

Gaining insight into the oxidation of hardwood kraft fibres using hydrogen peroxide at mildly acidic conditions was the main aim of this study. The oxidized hardwood pulp had an increased number of carbonyl groups and, when formed into sheets, an enhanced durability in water was seen due to the formation of cross-links, known as hemiacetals. The carbonyl groups formed were found to be mainly ketones with the exception of the case with longer reaction times (60–90 minutes) at 85 °C, where aldehydes were detected. Through compositional analysis it was found that mainly xylan was oxidized, likely due to the higher amount of xylan close to the surface of the fibre wall. The influence of xylan on the oxidation process was investigated using cold caustic extraction (CCE) performed prior to oxidation. When the CCE pulp was oxidized, there was an increased rate of introduced carbonyl groups and degradation was more pronounced. This is likely due to the accessible surface area being increased, caused by the formation of pores when the lower molecular weight xylan was being extracted during CCE.
Norepinephrine was superior in death risk reducing and hemodynamics compared to dopamine in treatment of patients with septic shock
Authors: Lu Xudong , Xu Xianghua , Wu Yueying
Published: February 2021

Background

To investigate the clinical effects of norepinephrine versus dopamine in treatment of septic shock by pooling the data form open published clinical trials.

Material and Methods

The clinical trials relevant to norepinephrine versus dopamine in treatment of septic shock were electronically searched in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google scholar and CNKI. The original data related to the treatment effects such as death risk, oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics index were extracted from the included original studies. The death risk was pooled by the effect size of relative risk (RR), the oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics index were pooled by standard mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The publication bias was evaluated by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's line regression test.

Results

Thirteen clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated the death risk was significantly decreased (RR=0.89, 95%CI:0.81 to 0.98, p=0.024) in septic shock patients who received norepinephrine compared to those receiving dopamine. The HR (SMD=−1.84, 95%CI: −2.86 to −0.81, p<0.01) and cardiac index (SMD=−0.74, 95%CI: −1.01 to −0.48, p<0.01) were lower in norepinephrine group compared to dopamine group. The systemic vascular resistance index (SMD=1.33, 95%CI:0.62 to 2.04, p<0.01) in norepinephrine group was higher than those of dopamine group with statistical difference. The Begg's funnel plot and Egger's line regression test (t=−0.84, p=0.425) showed no publication bias.

Conclusions

Based on the present evidence, norepinephrine was superior to dopamine in the aspects of death risk reducing and hemodynamics.
Deployment of I don’t know and wakannai in second language classroom peer discussions
Authors: Hosoda Yuri , Aline David
Published: February 2021

This conversation analytic study explicates the differential actions of the English phrase I don’t know (IDK) and its equivalent in Japanese, wakannai, as deployed by Japanese learners of English during peer discussions for language learning. By examining natural classroom interaction, we explore second language (L2) speakers’ use of these tokens for various pragmatic actions. The data consist of 47 h of discussions in English language classes in three Japanese universities. The discussions were carried out in the target language, English, for the most part, but occasionally the participants used their common first language (L1), Japanese. All cases of IDK and wakannai examined here occurred in first positions during production of opinions or first assessments. The analysis revealed that within a single discussion session, the participants marshalled IDK and wakannai to perform differential actions. Overwhelmingly, in our data, IDK was deployed to manage their epistemic stance, while wakannai was produced to make a public assertion of their insufficient knowledge.
Secrecy and the Genesis of the 1951 Dutch-Norwegian Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Kleemans Machiel
Published: February 2021

Despite the restrictions on knowledge and materials of the Anglo-American nuclear monopoly in the early Cold War, Norway and the Netherlands managed to build and operate a joint nuclear reactor by July 1951. They were the first countries to do so after the Great Powers. Their success was largely due to the combination of the strategic materials of heavy water (Norway) and uranium (the Netherlands). Nonetheless, they had to overcome significant political and technical obstacles. In that process a number of specific nuclear secrets played a central role. This case is used to study how and why knowledge circulation was impeded by secrecy. Specifically, I will explore four different secrets that illustrate how the Netherlands and Norway, being outside the British and American secrecy regimes, chafed against those regimes. Knowledge circulation was enabled through relations within networks that were at the same time scientific, diplomatic, and personal. I will identify three main factors that affected the mobility of information: the availability of strategic nuclear materials, the scientists’ individual interactions, and national interests.
Funny Origins of the Big Bang Theory
Authors: Bagdonas Alexandre , Kojevnikov Alexei
Published: February 2021

Popularization of science typically follows the lead of scientific research, conveying to lay audiences ideas and discoveries initially published in professional scientific literature and vetted by the expert community. The physicist George Gamow (1904–1968) did not respect this tradition, but promoted some of his most unorthodox scientific hypotheses as funny stories in his popular writings for non-specialists and teenagers, sometimes years before he dared to present them to the purview of academic peers in papers submitted to specialized research journals. Gamow’s proposal of the Big Bang cosmology—the theory that our universe started out in an explosive manner from a superhot and superdense state with thermonuclear reactions forming matter—was discussed by him initially in a series of non-serious articles and books, starting in 1938. Historians of cosmology recognize Gamow’s crucial contribution to the development of the Big Bang theory on the grounds of his subsequent professional publications but have not paid sufficient attention to his popular science writings and their role in changing our conception of the universe.
The Latin@ Teacher Shortage: Learning from the Past to Inform the Future
Authors: Lavadenz Magaly , Colón-Muñiz Anaida
Published: February 2021

This policy brief explores trends in U.S. K-12 Hispanic student enrollment vs. the Hispanic teacher workforce as a way to call attention to the bilingual teacher shortage. Successful examples of past efforts to increase the number of Latino and bilingual teachers are reviewed and the following policy recommendations are made: 1) expand investment in grow your own initiatives that recruit students in middle and high school students and emerging educational paraprofessionals into the bilingual teacher pipeline; 2) establish regional teacher preparation and professional learning centers and consortia; 3) offer financial supports; and 4) enhance university-based credentialing routes, internship and residency programs.
SPANISH LEGISLATION AND IB PYP LANGUAGE POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Steffen Veronica , Prieto Steffen Daniel , Bueno-Villaverde Ángeles
Published: February 2021

Given the growth of and interest in International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes in Spain, schools looking for approval to implement any of its programmes are being met with the challenge of policy development to meet the requirements for authorization. This paper will look at Spanish legislation and the supports or challenges it offers when trying to meet the needs that face schools looking towards IB Primary Years Programme (PYP) authorization. As schools already authorized will have used the 2014 version of the IB Programme Standards and Practices, this paper will focus on the development of language policy in this version as well as the 2018 versions to support these schools as they move to the next stage or new schools starting under this newer version. A comparative look at Spanish legislation that may have influenced past decisions and current legislation that will influence future decisions will summarize the support mechanisms for meeting the language policy requirement.
CHRISTMAS STICHERON “ΣΉΜΕΡΟΝ Ὁ ΧΡΙΣΤΌΣ” AND CIRCLE OF ITS PROSOMOIA: GREEK-SLAVONIC PARALLELS OF THE 10TH–17TH CENTURIES
Authors: Gerasimova Irina , Zakharina Nina , Shchepkina Nadezhda
Published: February 2021

The subject of article is the history of the musical and poetic composition of the Christmas sticheron “Σήμερον ὁ Χριστός” by Johann Damascene with the Gospel quotation “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, and good will toward men” (Lk. 2:14), as well as the circle of associated stichera in Byzantine, Old Russian and Kiev-Lithuanian traditions. The musical text of the hymns is represented in Greek manuscripts by Chartres, Coislin and middle-Byzantine neumes; Old Russian chant books were analyzed using znamenny neumes and singer notation; and Kiev manuscripts — using Kievan five-line notation records. The melody of the Christmas sticheron emphasizes the importance of the Gospel quotation with long melismatic musical fragments of the quotation itself and the previous sentence. This sticheron became a model for several hymns to Epiphany, Purification of the Most Holy Mother of God, Annunciation and Entry into the Temple of the Most Holy Mother of God, the majority of which were excluded from liturgical use. There are various ways of creating a new sticheron based on the model: prosomoion may be a calque or an independent composition with certain elements of model tune. The latter case of the sticheron to the Entry into the Temple “Σήμερον τῷ ναῷ προσάγεται” has its own musical text history in three traditions, independent from that of the model. Chants of Old Russian manuscripts of 11th—14th centuries are similar to those of a Byzantine origin, but in the 15th—17th centuries the music of these two traditions has developed in different ways. The Kievan chant tradition, similar to both Old Russian and Byzantine ones, is a point of intersection of chant cultures.
Stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue as an alternative source of cellular material for regenerative medicine
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Sultanova A. S. , Bespalova O. Ya. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”;, Galkin O. Yu. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”;
Published: February 2021

Adipose tissue is the most convenient source of cellular material for regenerative medicine as it can be obtained in significant quantities via cosmetic liposuction, lipoaspiration of subcutaneous fat or by excision of fat deposits. Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes and cells, which are the part of the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF). Different cell populations can be isolated from SVF, among which the population of adipose tissue stem cells (adipose-derived stem cells, ADSC) is especially important for regenerative medicine. SVF can be obtained relatively easily from adipose tissue (adipose tissue is an alternative to bone marrow in terms of being a source of stem cells) and used to treat various pathologies. Recent studies show that SVF not only has a therapeutic effect similar to that of ADSC, but in some cases is even more effective. The article provides the analysis of the main methods of SVF obtainment, characteristics of SVF cellular composition, its potential for use in clinical medicine and its main advantages over other sources of cellular material, including­ ADSC cultured in vitro, for regenerative medicine. Keywords: adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells, regenerative medicine, stromal-vascular fraction
Impact of Capital Adequacy on Banks’ Performance: Considering the Basel International Regulatory Framework for Banks
Authors: Atuahene Sampson Agyapong , Yusheng Kong , Benturn-Micah Geoffrey , Aboagye Abigail Konadu
Published: February 2021

This study examines the impact of banks' capital on the performance of banks. The studies adopted a fixed-effect model estimation. Time-series data covering the period 2008-2017 for Ghanaian listed universal banks was considered. We found out that the bank’s capital and banks’ net profit after tax has a positive and significant relationship with banks’ total asset base as a performance indicator. We further discovered through correlational analysis that there is a strong negative link between banks' outstanding loans (credit advancement) and banks' performance. The fundamental implications of this study are to encourage the monitoring of capital adequacy of banks since it creates opportunities for banks to perform effectively.JEL Classification: E5, E44, G21, G30How to Cite:Atuahene, S. A., Yusheng, K., Bentum-Micah, G., & Aboagye, A. K. (2021). Impact of Capital Adequacy on Banks’ Performance: Considering the Basel International Regulatory Framework for Banks. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 45 – 54. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15590.
Estimation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis-A Cross Sectional Clinico Biochemical Study
Authors: Warad Shivaraj B. , Pattanashetti Jyoti , Kalburgi Nagaraj , Koregol Arati , Rao Subramaniam
Published: February 2021

Objective: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Materials and methods: Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Conclusions: Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.
NEW INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS MODELS: FROM LINEAR TO CIRCULAR ECONOMY APPROACH
Authors: Sterev Nikolay
Published: February 2021

In the growth of the Industry 4.0 transformation the economy has become to changed. Thus, not just the economy regulations are fostered but a new business approach has been arisen: the circular / regenerative economy approach. The EC already reacted as it introduced not just updated Sustainable development indices but a new set of indices: circular economy indices.
According to this change of the economic model, the business organizations are fostered to change their business models, especially for the industry. Thus, not just the new regulations have to be introduced to the industrial business model but the total change of the added value of the business as introduction of green technologies or innovations for non-waste production value chains.
Aim of the paper: to identify and to analyze the requirements to the business that foster them to change their linear business model to circular one.
Methods: descriptive analysis of the Bulgarian economy according to circular economy indices; comparative analyses for identification of main differences between linear and circular economies; induction and deduction of the elements of business models.
Results: analysis of the indices of circularity of the Bulgarian economy; analysis of requirements for transition from linear to circular economy; identifying requirements to the business model of a circular economy; systematizing rules / guidelines for transforming the business model of a linear economy into the business model of a circular economy.
Conclusions: The indicators of the circular economy can be considered as a part of the harmonization process in the EU. Avoiding from the responsibilities of the circular economy approach by Bulgarian industry leads to moving away from the EU economies. This requires relevant national policies, measures and instruments to promote the transformation of the business model to circular one.
The paper aims to present the need of industrial business model change as to analyze the starting position of the Bulgarian industry. Thus, the structure of the paper is following: 1. Introduction to Circular economy indices. 2. Definition of Circular economy approach. 3. Analysis of the Circular economy indices change for Bulgaria. 4. Introduction to business model change from linear to circular one. Conclusions.
Comparison of the design of prestressed concrete hollow-core floor units with Eurocode 2 and ACI 318
Authors: Elliott Kim S.
Published: February 2021

A typical 1200 mm (48 in.) wide × 200 mm (8 in.) deep prestressed concrete hollow-core unit is analyzed and designed in order to make a comparison between Eurocode 2 and ACI 318-08. This includes calculations for serviceability limit state of stress and moment of resistance, ultimate moment of resistance, ultimate shear capacities, flexural stiffness (that is, for deflection), and cover to pretensioning tendons for conditions of environmental exposure and fire resistance. Concrete cylinder strength is 40 MPa (5.8 ksi), and concrete cube strength is 50 MPa (7.3 ksi). The hollow-core unit is pretensioned using seven-wire helical strands. Worked examples are presented in parallel formation according to Eurocode 2 and ACI 318. For uniformly distributed loads, the design criterion between the service moment to service moment of resistance (Ms/Msr for EC2 and Ms/Msn for ACI 318) and the ultimate design bending moment to ultimate moment of resistance (MEd/MRd for EC2 and Mu/φMn for ACI 318) is well balanced for this example. Usually the service moment is critical unless the amount of prestress is small. For EC2-1-1, flexurally uncracked shear capacity VRd,c is only limiting when the span-to-depth ratio in this example is less than about 35. For ACI 318, flexurally cracked shear capacity φVci is limiting when span-to-depth ratio is 42, showing that shear cracked in flexure will often be the governing criterion.
Experimental investigation of 0.6 in. diameter strand lifting loops
Authors: Chhetri Sandip , Chicchi Rachel A. , Osborn Andrew E. N.
Published: February 2021

Very little experimental data have been published relating to the pullout capacity of prestressing strand lifting loops. To address this gap in knowledge, 13 pullout tests were conducted on strand lifting loops with 0.6 in. (15.24 mm) diameter, 270 ksi (1860 MPa) strand. Straight and bent orientations were tested for single loops at different embedment depths. Loops were embedded in 12 in. (304.8 mm) wide and 44 in. (1117.6 mm) deep concrete blocks and subjected to monotonic, static loading until failure. Marginal bond quality of the strand (18.2 kip [81 kN]), Mohs hardness (3.6), and concrete strength (3000 psi [20.7 MPa]) resulted in an average bond stress value of 400 psi (2758 kPa) at failure. Most tests exhibited pullout failure modes and adequate ductility. Three loops tested at 32 in. (812.8 mm) embedment with 6 in. (152.4 mm), 90-degree bends experienced brittle side-face blowout failures. These failures were due to inclination of the lifting, which led to a reduced edge distance. A safe uniform bond stress of 199 psi (1372 kPa) is recommended for 0.6 in. diameter strand.
Immunotherapy toxicities in metastatic vulvar and vaginal melanomas: a retrospective cohort study
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Naderi-Azad Sheida , Sickander Faisal ,   Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, Pezo Rossanna C. ,   Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,   Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Published: February 2021

This retrospective cohort study examined the factors for patients with metastatic vulvar and vaginal melanomas on immune checkpoint inhibitors. The study included all patients over the age of 18 who received either anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-4 (anti-CTLA-4) therapy or anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy at the Sunnybrook Hospital from June 2012 to December 2018. There were 11 patients with vulvar or vaginal melanoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The main sites of metastasis included the lungs, lymph nodes, soft tissues, and liver. The majority of patients received prior radiation therapy (7/11) and prior surgical therapy (9/11). There were no differences in overall survival for vulvar or vaginal melanomas on anti-PD-1 vs. anti-CTLA-4 therapy (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in overall survival for vulvar and vaginal vs. cutaneous melanoma (p > 0.5). There were no significant differences in overall survival in patients with vulvar and vaginal melanoma in the presence vs. absence of immune-related adverse events (p > 0.05), yet there was a significant difference in patients with cutaneous melanoma in the presence vs. absence of immune-related adverse events (p < 0.05). Knowledge of the presentation and outcome of vulvar and vaginal melanomas is important for clinical practice in gynecology.
Udział funduszy Unii Europejskiej w rozwoju obszarów wiejskich na przykładzie gminy Brześć Kujawski
Authors:   prof. dr hab. inż., Pracownia Ekonomiki i Doradztwa w Agrobiznesie, Katedra Agronomii, Wydział Rolnictwa i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy, Polska, Zawisza Sławomir , Prus Piotr ,   dr inż., prof. uczelni, Pracownia Ekonomiki i Doradztwa w Agrobiznesie, Katedra Agronomii, Wydział Rolnictwa i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy, Polska, Ptaszyńska Monika ,   inż., Pracownia Ekonomiki i Doradztwa w Agrobiznesie, Katedra Agronomii, Wydział Rolnictwa i Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy, Polska
Published: February 2021

An assessment of the investments and projects completed with the support of EU funds in the Brześć Kujawski district (gmina) was carried out after Poland’s integration with the EU in 2004. The research was conducted in May and June 2019 using a survey technique among 100 residents of the gmina, mainly residing in rural areas. The study also analyzed documentation containing descriptions of investments implemented by the Brześć Kujawski City and Gmina Office after Poland’s accession to the EU. In June 2019, an interview was conducted with the municipal authorities and people responsible for obtaining EU funds. As a result of the analysis of the collected material, it was found that EU funds had a large share in the financing of projects carried out in the gmina (64.3%). The surveyed inhabitants mostly noticed the changes that took place over 15 years in the Brześć Kujawski gmina due to the use of EU funds. The research stated that the operating costs of completed investments did not overburden the gmina budget. Most of the respondents assessed the changes resulting from the development of the gmina, thanks to EU funding. The most positive opinions were expressed by: better educated, of a younger age, living in the gmina from birth, pupils and students as well as farmers, and more often by women than men. Research shows that the majority of respondents (65.0%) had never used EU funding. In the opinion of the respondents, Poland’s accession to the European Union was beneficial for the country and its inhabitants, as well as for the respondents themselves. Most respondents also expressed satisfaction with Poland’s membership in the EU (60%).
Czynniki lokalne różnicujące natężenie przedsiębiorczości na obszarach wiejskich
Authors:   dr inż., Katedra Statystyki i Polityki Społecznej, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Polska, Szewczyk Janina , Jaworska Monika ,   dr inż., Katedra Statystyki i Polityki Społecznej, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Polska, Kosno Łukasz ,   mgr inż., Absolwent Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie, Polska, Wojewodzic Tomasz ,   dr hab. inż., prof. UR w Krakowie, Katedra Ekonomii i Gospodarki Żywnościowej, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Polska
Published: February 2021

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important factors required for the economic development of a country. Under macro scale conditions the creation of new subjects is similar for the whole country, while under local conditions significant differences occur. This influences the density of entrepreneurship and its pace of change. The specificity of suburban areas is an important element in studies about modern urbanization processes. The transformations of space in the vicinity of large cities contribute to undertaking general urbanization studies. The purpose of the study was to identify the local determinants which have the greatest impact on changes in the intensity of entrepreneurship. The considerations were focused mainly on variables describing the location of individual poviats in relation to urban centers, the latter constituting regional centers of economic development. The presented work focuses on the issues concerning the location of individual districts in relation to urban centers, road networks with the status of international routes and airports. The method of interactive C&RT classification trees was used in the modelling process. The analysis showed that the largest number of business units were registered in voivodeship cities constituting regional development centers, both in absolute and relative terms. Faster growths in entrepreneurship was mainly due to population density, the number of places to sleep per 1,000 inhabitants and the distance from a large city, all features that identify the market’s absorbency.
Finansowe aspekty rozwoju zintegrowanego publicznego systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych w Polsce
Authors:   dr, Wydział Zarządzania, Politechnika Częstochowska, Polska, Garbiec Roman
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an initial concept of an integrated public social insurance system in Poland. The first part presents a diagnosis of the financial basis for the functioning of this system in the years 1991–2018. In the second part of the paper the diagnosis gives an indication of the directions for further development of this system, allowing it to become an integrated system, the financing of which does not negatively impact the functioning of the Polish economy and prevents the collapse of the public finances of the state. The aim of the paper is to define the financial foundations of an integrated social insurance system in Poland. The basic assumption of the study was the need to improve the financial efficiency of the public social security system through systemic and parametric reconstruction. The research tool used for the diagnosis was the analysis of documents (legal acts in the field of social insurance and financial statements of the Social Insurance Fund (FUS)). The research tool used for the diagnosis was the financial efficiency indicators relevant to the purposes of the analysis. The main conclusion of the study is that a parametric and systemic reconstruction of the Polish social insurance system is possible, which should lead to a balance of revenues and expenses in the Social Insurance Fund.