bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term goals for governments
Authors: Rejeski David , Wobig Carly
Published: January 2003

In the fall of 2001, the Foresight and Governance Project at the Woodrow Wilson Center began a process to develop long‐term (40‐50 year) goals for governments. This project, supported by NASA, involved both domestic and international surveys and a workshop held in May of 2002. The workshop produced ten high priority goals and examined these goals in terms of their importance, acceptability, and possibility as well as exploring key actors and barriers to implementation. Work is now underway to develop scenarios to reach each of these goals and expand the network of stakeholders involved in the project.
Telecommunications regulation in Hong Kong
Authors: Xavier Patrick , Yan Xu
Published: January 2003

Telecommunications regulation in Hong Kong (China) is interesting as a case study of pro‐competitive regulation in a geographically small city of some 6.8 million people. It is also of particular interest because The Office of the Telecommunications Authority, the sector regulator, has for four years running (1999‐2002) been voted the best Asian regulator by readers of Telecom Asia. What policies were applied to warrant this sustained approval rating? This paper examines these policies and suggests further improvements.
An analysis of the licensing process for third‐generation mobile communications
Authors: Curwen Peter
Published: January 2003

The licensing process for third‐generation mobile communications (3G) is largely complete in Europe although much less progress has been made elsewhere in the world. This process has been controversial, especially in relation to the use of auctions rather than so‐called “beauty contests”, and the purpose of this article is to analyse what processes have been used, in which countries, and to what effect. For this purpose, the analysis is split up into a series of successive time periods with each examined individually to discover what lessons could have been learned, followed by a concluding section which argues that while the choice of process was important, the failure in many cases to learn from experience was a prime determining factor of whether the process was a success or failure.
The impact of information technology and online library resources on research, teaching and library use at the University Of Washington
Authors: Hiller Steve
Published: January 2003

Survey results and focus group discussions at the University of Washington suggest that the impact of information technology is pervasive, evolving rapidly, and indicative of major changes in the way research and teaching will be done.
A study of the impact of the user profile in documentary systems
Authors: Rumpler Béatrice
Published: January 2003

User profiles in the information retrieval field are explored in terms of access to relevant information in documents of various kinds (scientific, geographic, etc). Then the methodology to define the user model is described. Several examples are used to illustrate points.
Discovering the information professional: organisational culture in a digital world
Authors: Preston Hugh , Allmand Monica
Published: January 2003

This paper looks at issues regarding the place of the information professional in organisations where change processes are technologically driven or aided by technology. The case study examines the changing use of information sources by managers within the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) in The Hague, The Netherlands. The emphasis was on technologically driven change, principally digitisation and access to external electronic resources. The findings highlight the vulnerability of ISNAR in the environment of organisational change, but also the success of the library in being an acknowledged source of quality information rather than simply a repository for any information which is available. The results of the survey showed that the library recognises that users who are familiar with electronic access to external sources will very often expect similar access to internal sources. A participative action research methodology was used.
Technology and privacy in the academic library
Authors: Fifarek Aimee
Published: January 2003

Adoption of technology in academic libraries sets up circumstances for collection of personal patron information and records of patron information seeking behaviour not possible in the pre‐digital library. Even if collected unintentionally, this information may then be seized by law enforcement officials for criminal investigations. Passage of the USA PATRIOT Act has lowered the standards for obtaining search warrants that had previously been set by American legal precedent. This article describes potential situations where patron privacy can be endangered by the presence of information technology and how librarians can protect patron information and prepare patrons for safe information seeking in the online world.
Web site evaluation: a survey of undergraduates
Authors: Tillotson Joy
Published: January 2003

Using a questionnaire distributed to participants in the library instruction programmes at two Canadian universities, the author studied students’ understanding of the need for Web site evaluation and their ability to articulate criteria for evaluation. The results show that students view Web sources somewhat critically and are aware of standard Web site evaluation criteria.
Research dissemination and invocation on the Web
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: January 2003

The importance of the Web as a new medium for disseminating and promoting scholarly research is discussed. Particular attention is paid to its potential to provide evidence of wider impact for research than that which can be shown by citation analysis. Recommendations are made for basic strategies for the reporting of the online impact of research leading to the production of what is termed a Web Invocation Portfolio. A conceptual framework is also proposed to help funding and promotion committees assess and compare portfolios.
Managing intellectual property: a strategic point of view
Authors: Smith Michele , Hansen Frederick
Published: January 2003

In the new knowledge economy, intellectual property has become an important strategic issue. However, in many firms, the management of intellectual property (IP) is still divorced from business strategy. People still think that “managing IP strategically” means having an IP strategy rather than managing IP according to business strategy. We argue that intellectual property is strategic only to the extent that it links to the firm’s core capabilities and that not all intellectual property is core to business strategy. We present a model for identifying the function of intellectual property in a firm’s business strategy and present specific recommendations for protecting, valuing and generating IP from a strategic point of view.
Expertise cycle – an advanced method for sharing expertise
Authors: Karhu Katja
Published: January 2003

Sharing expertise is a growing field of interest because of the increased amount of available information, turnover of experts and globalization of companies. Sharing expertise is a difficult task; therefore, experts often lack motivation, skills and time to document their expertise. The developed expertise cycle is a framework where knowledge stewards build personal trusted relationships with experts. Knowledge stewards interview the experts, construct the knowledge and document it, making it available for knowledge seekers. The expertise cycle is tested in two cases where the expertise is distributed to different individuals and business units. In both cases the usage of the expertise cycle was expanded. As a conclusion, the usage of the expertise cycle and described best practices are recommended. Instead of providing more information we should concentrate on providing better quality of information – and the expertise cycle is a valuable method to achieve this goal.
Sensors in biomedical applications. May they change the quality of life?
Authors: Harsányi Gábor
Published: January 2003

Sensors have gained a wide theoretical interest and practical application in biomedicine. They can be used for very different purposes and may offer unique possibilities. The paper gives a broad summary about the biomedical sensor application fields and about their technologies. Finally, the present status and perspectives are summarised.
Can librarians help to overcome the social barriers to access?
Authors: Hull Barbara
Published: January 2003

Librarians are now more relevant as facilitators than custodians and, in order to fulfil this role successfully, require a high degree of sensitivity to the potential effects of such variables as gender, age and social background on their clients’ interactions with information sources, whether paper‐ or electronic‐based. Government initiatives to widen participation in education mean that students from hitherto non‐traditional backgrounds are more likely to be using libraries than previously. That the much discussed “digital divide” is indeed a reality, is confirmed by the author’s own recent research, “Barriers to libraries as agents of lifelong learning”, conducted at a UK university and two further education colleges. Social class and home access to information technology are shown as dividers impacting on the extent of use of all services offered by the learning resource centre. In the education of future librarians, the need for greater sensitivity to client group characteristics and an enhancement of good interpersonal skills is indicated.
Audit of manpower research in the hospitality sector: an example from the Antalya region of Turkey
Authors: Aktas Ahmet , Akin Aksu A. , Ehtíyar Rüya , Cengíz Ali
Published: January 2003

With the increase in competition in the hospitality sector, manpower has become an increasingly important factor. The labour‐intensive aspect of the tourism sector has put pressure on all entrepreneurs to act according to the needs and expectations of internal customers (personnel) and external customers (customers, suppliers). This paper studies personnel policies, recruitment methods and resources, future developments and the reasons for job changes for sample hotels in the Antalya Region in Turkey. A questionnaire was designed for all four‐ and five‐star hotels and first‐class holiday villages which were open during the winter period (January‐March 1999). For the questionnaire evaluation the bio‐medical data process was used. Recruitment methods, popular departments of sample hotels, most‐needed qualifications for personnel, training methods and changes in qualifications and in departments over the next five years, etc. are all discussed in this paper.
Fatal flaws
Authors: Chapman Judith Ann , Ferfolja Tania
Published: January 2003

This paper is concerned with the relationship between poor learning processes and the acquisition of imperfect mental models, and their consequences in workplace situations which are hazardous. Seven different factors which may influence mental models to become flawed are proposed. The links between these flaws and three recent Australian industrial disasters are then explored. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits of a greater understanding of poor learning processes as a basis for more focused and contextualised approaches to organisational development.
The use and evaluation of search databases by professional nurses: a case study
Authors: Pajarillo Edmund
Published: January 2003

Nurses are constantly faced with information needs to keep up in the fast pace, ever‐changing state of health and nursing. Information that is available through advancing computer and technology is oftentimes difficult and cumbersome to learn and access. This is a case study of how three nurses used and evaluated three different types of information search databases in terms of three measure criteria. The results are useful in guiding nurses to use these information sources, as well as other database users with little or no experience in searching such systems. Insights from the study can also assist system designers and programmers in future planning and redesigns of these systems, in order to maximize use and expand the user base of these search systems.
A qualitative research agenda for small to medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Hill Jimmy , Tiu Wright Len
Published: January 2003

Considers an area of growing importance in marketing research. Small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are continuing to play an increasing role in the development of western economies. Puts forward the argument that existing approaches to conducting marketing research in SMEs are rooted in the big firm mindset and, therefore, in positivist thinking, tending to focus mainly on survey methods. Examines the various orientations that predominate in and shape the SME context. Develops a research position with a syncretised qualitative research methodology outlined and applied to a research project carried out by one of the authors into 57 small firms in the UK. All of the orientations of the SMEs appeared rooted, to a large extent, in one or more highly influential individuals who fashion the culture and direction of these firms. Argues for an approach to research in SMEs that recognises the various influencing orientations including the impact on marketing research and the role of the entrepreneurial individual.
Microenterprise as a practical alternative to maquiladoras
Authors: Kraemer Barbara
Published: January 2003

Examines alternative ways to foster microenterprises in developing countries. Microenterprises, in contrast to maquiladoras (assembly or processing plants), contribute to just relationships in the workplace and to human development. In today’s global economy, US corporations have established a number of maquiladoras in Latin America and the Caribbean that have benefitted them as foreign owners but have had some deleterious effects on the workers and economies of the countries. US financial institutions and non‐profit organizations are providing micro‐financing, training and organization to promote microenterprises in developing countries. These enterprises, though small, contribute to self‐sufficient development at the grassroots level.
Is there injustice in the international economy?
Authors: Thanawala Kishor
Published: January 2003

Economic as well as ethical aspects of discrimination and other forms of injustice in the context of a nation’s economy have been discussed by scholars for many decades. However, until relatively recent times, much attention has not been given – especially by economists – to discrimination and injustice in the international context. At least since 1961, several works in Catholic social thought have addressed the issues of injustice as well as poverty and inequality among countries. Discusses the social economics of discrimination and other forms of injustice in the international context. After a brief introduction, presents some views on injustice in the international economy and some empirical evidence. Briefly discusses the way mainstream economics mostly avoids discussion about injustice. Follows by looking at social economists’ perspective on injustice, also giving remarks on how some documents comprising Catholic social thought discuss injustice in the context of international development. Concludes with observations on how distribution/justice issues could be incorporated in discussions dominated by growth/development objectives.
Networks, culture, transaction costs and discrimination
Authors: Jonsson Petur O.
Published: January 2003

Starts out with a survey of various formal theories that have focused on discrimination in the labor market. Argues that Becker’s traditional taste for discrimination model, the various statistical discrimination models and the new cultural communication cost models ultimately yield analytically and observationally equivalent predictions. In particular, these models all imply that we may find occupational segregation across firms. This, in turn, suggests that it is not easy to identify the true causes of discriminatory wage differentials in the labor market and thus that we may have a very hard time sorting out which of these models applies best. Finally, speculates, in the context of Kremer’s model of economic growth, about how changing technologies and structure of production could possibly exacerbate the inequalities predicted by these models of discrimination in the labor market.
Discrimination, inequality and the competitive model of US education
Authors: Luker Bill , Cobb Steven L. , Luker William A.
Published: January 2003

US public education is dominated by a win‐lose competitive model. While this model has been relatively successful in educating and training most Americans to function in the type of economic environment that has prevailed since the Second World War, it has almost completely failed to develop a citizenry that can participate fully in the political and social spheres of a capitalist democracy. The relative success in training workers may be on the wane as the US economy evolves toward more knowledge‐intensive work, requiring more critical thinking and worker autonomy. Even worse, the competitive model in US public education is a powerful promoter of the growth of earnings inequality and racial discrimination. Examines the current educational system, the role of standardized testing, and proposes a model of cooperative learning to develop a better‐educated citizenry and workforce.
Family structure, Afro‐Euro inequality and economic justice
Authors: Shulman Steven
Published: January 2003

The dramatic increase in the fraction of all Afro‐American families headed by single women accounts for approximately two‐fifths of the Afro‐Euro family income gap. Examines the empirical objections to the conclusion that family structure is a major factor behind ethnic inequality and found to be largely without merit. Also critically examines the more normative and more important objection that the family structure argument undercuts the struggle to achieve economic justice for Afro‐Americans. Argues that an emphasis on family structure does not absolve society of responsibility for inequality, nor does it imply that government activism is futile. The family structure argument recasts but does not negate the struggle for economic justice for Afro‐Americans.
Communication in the creation of corporate values
Authors: Gróf Agnes
Published: January 2003

Four distinct stages can be recognised in a company’s operation. These “stages of development” in the life cycle of a company presage a turnaround situation for that company over the course of time. The quality of communicative interaction in these stages determines the effectiveness of the modus operandi of a company, resulting in its market position within any given stage. The internal and external communication integrates a company in the process of utilising its internal resources to the optimum through the recognition and transfer of values from the environment and by strengthening a company through the integration of the new values into its attitude, either consolidating or changing the corporate culture. The value‐creating functions of appropriate corporate communication in each of the stages is discussed.
Building customer relationships online: the Web site designers’ perspective
Authors: Geissler Gary L.
Published: January 2003

To date, most published work concerning effective Web site design has been based on personal opinion or experience, not on research. Uses 50 in‐depth interviews with Web site designers to identify key design considerations and online customer conversion and relationship strategies. A proposed model illustrates a direct relationship between Web site design and the online customer conversion process. Relationship marketing, integrated marketing communications, and segmenting, targeting, and positioning should guide both Web site design and customer conversion. Ultimately, a Web site should help to establish, build, and maintain long‐term customer relations. Managerial implications are introduced and discussed.
Looking to lead: a case in designing executive education from the inside
Authors: Myrsiades Linda
Published: January 2003

The need to give force to change efforts is a problem of importance to all organizations. This paper addresses change efforts that are reinforced by in‐house executive education programs, in particular those that occur in educational institutions. Tracing the development of an in‐house executive education effort in a state university, this case study begins with the President’s cabinet meeting that endorsed the training that was to take place. It takes us through the process of how that training was designed, implemented, evaluated, and subsequently modified and then compares the results of the program to findings in the executive education literature. The study concludes that the program as conducted reinforces three critical aspects of effective executive education: that it be intimately tied to anticipating and causing industry change, that it focus on the centrality of active distributive leadership, and that it engage participants in activities that translate into action plans linked to actual organizational outcomes desired by the institution.
Resistance to organisational change: the role of defence mechanisms
Authors: Bovey Wayne H. , Hede Andrew
Published: January 2003

Observes that the published literature on resistance to organisational change has focused more on organisational issues rather than individual psychological factors. The present study investigated the role of both adaptive and maladaptive defence mechanisms in individual resistance. Surveys were conducted in nine organisations undergoing major change and responses were obtained from 615 employees. The results indicate that five maladaptive defence mechanisms are positively correlated with behavioural intention to resist change, namely, projection, acting out, isolation of affect, dissociation and denial. The adaptive defence mechanism of humour was found to be negatively correlated with resistance intention. Identifies two intervention strategies which can be used by management to address the effects of defence mechanisms on resistance during periods of change in organisations.
Cultural prototypes? Or leaders’ behaviors? A study on workers’ perceptions of leadership in an electronics industry
Authors: Popper Micha , Druyan Natan
Published: January 2003

Examines the manner in which followers’ cultural background affects their perception of leadership. Being common in many comparative cultural studies, the full range model was chosen as the theoretical framework for investigating the research questions. The model includes nine leadership dimensions measured by the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ). The main hypothesis was that managers’ behaviors measured by the MLQ will be assessed differently by followers who represent different cultures. Compares workers from two different cultural backgrounds who referred to the same leader. The results of the research supported the hypothesis. The research supports the possibility that leadership is, a to great extent, in the eyes of the beholders. Discusses theoretical explanations deriving from social cognition models.
Strategic performance evaluation: descriptive and prescriptive analysis
Authors: Saad Germaine H.
Published: January 2003

Addresses the question of how to assure effective performance evaluation of a public service strategic unit. Both descriptive and prescriptive approaches are discussed. Based on this analysis a practical model for performance evaluation is developed. The model proposed comprises key drivers of performance, including internal and external factors, as well as both quantitative and qualitative factors, simultaneously. The model has been designed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and tested using the Expert Choice Software. The testing results show that the evaluation outcomes differ as a function of the criteria used, the weight assigned, and the meaning given to each criterion. Using the same criteria with a different weighting scheme results in different outcomes for the same performance. This counter‐intuitive finding has important implications for management practice.
Can primary care be both patient‐centred and community‐led?
Authors: Drummond Neil , Iliffe Steve , McGregor Sandra , Craig Neil , Fischbacher Moira
Published: January 2003

Examines the relationships between the macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐levels in the NHS at the end of the fundholding period and considers their contemporary implications for primary care groups (PCGs) and local health care co‐operatives (LHCCs). Fundholding achieved some success in challenging the way in which services were provided at the micro‐level (the practice), but had a less marked effect in terms of changing service provision at the health authority (meso‐) level or in developing collaborative working with trusts and health authorities in strategic decision making. The health authorities prioritized alternative models of devolved commissioning. Trusts regarded fundholders as a distraction who exerted influence and commanded trust management time disproportionate to their “market share”. PCGs and LHCCs represent a shift back to the meso‐level in service planning and purchasing. As such there is a risk that the micro‐level benefits of fundholding and other forms of devolved commissioning will be lost, while uncertainties remain regarding the capacity of PCGs and LHCCs to incorporate GPs into a collaborative approach to strategic decision making.
An asset liability management model for housing associations
Authors: Kramer Bert , van Welie Ton
Published: January 2003

With asset liability management (ALM), all the relevant asset and liability classes are managed in an integrated fashion. We describe an ALM model for housing associations. This model uses simulation to show the development of a housing association, usually measured as solvency and profitability, dependent on both internal (strategy) and external (economy) factors. In order to assess the associations’ risk and return profile, we generate a large number of economic scenarios. Furthermore, we will show the pitfalls of just using one or a few scenarios. Finally, we will show how this model can be used to obtain insight into the influence and effectiveness of specific instruments.
A firm’s competence development through its network of exchange relationships
Authors: Baffour Awuah Gabriel
Published: January 2003

In discussing what a firm’s competence is all about and how that is developed over time, the focus has been on how a firm develops its “core” or “distinctive” competence all by itself. The imbeddedness of a firm in networks of exchange relationships and how that impinges on the development and nurture of a firm’s competence has attracted very scant study. The purpose of this study is to deepen our understanding of the extent to which a firm’s networks of exchange relationships influence its competence development. Two empirical case studies have been conducted in that regard. One important conclusion is that a firm’s network(s) of exchange relationships is an asset that can be exploited to develop its competence. An important implication of the study is that it takes a long time and many resources to build exchange relationships that last in our integrated markets. Many resources and skills will be needed to handle relationships, once established.
Educating students: an ethics responsibility of credit card companies
Authors: Jill Austin M. , Phillips Melodie R.
Published: January 2003

The practice of marketing credit cards on college campuses is becoming increasingly controversial. Critics have charged that credit card companies use unethical practices to encourage students to become overloaded with debt. In response, many colleges now ban credit card solicitors from campus. Perhaps the best way credit card companies can improve their image is to provide specific educational opportunities to students when they fill out credit applications. Includes an empirical study of the debt issues of college students. Results indicate that students can learn specific types of information that should improve their ability to manage their debt. This information includes issues associated with the frequency of use of credit cards, the payment of credit card debt, and the number of credit cards held. Makes specific educational recommendations that should be helpful to companies that currently market credit cards to college students. Results may also provide planning information to banks and credit card companies in parts of the world where credit card usage by college students is not yet widespread, but is likely to increase due to developing free market systems and the increased use of credit worldwide.
An investigation into UK firms’ use of trade missions
Authors: Spence Martine M. , Crick Dave
Published: January 2003

This paper reports on a longitudinal investigation into two groups of UK firms’ use of trade missions in psychologically distant countries. Firms in the first group were “new” to the markets, that is, having never visited the markets under investigation prior to attending the trade mission (NEW). In comparison, the other group contained “experienced” firms, having at least limited experience in these same markets (EXP). The findings suggested that over the two years of the study, differences existed between the two groups’ strategies. Newcomers to the markets used their first visit to: establish market presence through agents; gain access to business networks; and obtain an understanding of the functioning of the market. For exporters who had already visited the market, these visits were a means to: expand the span of their activities in the market to new networks; and strengthen their presence in previously established networks. The longitudinal methodology employed offers a contribution to knowledge at the public policy/ international entrepreneurship interface by expanding on earlier studies that have been restricted to single timeframes.
Computers in property management companies
Authors: Sheng Han Sun , Yuan Lim Lan
Published: January 2003

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the current usage of computers in Singapore’s property management companies. The findings confirm a paradox that in Singapore’s property management companies, computer applications are lagging behind the advancement of computer hardware and software. Three reasons may explain the paradox. First, property management companies are dealing with a small portion of properties in Singapore where public housing estates dominate the property stock. Second, property management involves many personal touches in which computers are not helpful. Third, software packages developed in other parts of the world may not suit the need of property management tasks in Singapore.
Project delivery system selection: a case‐based reasoning framework
Authors: Loforte Ribeiro Francisco
Published: January 2003

Delivering a building project on time and under budget is still an increasingly complex and risky business. A host of new project delivery methods and management techniques have been promoted to help achieve this. Developing a project delivery strategy and contractual relationships is a particularly complex and large problem domain that requires diverse, highly sophisticated skills, expertise and knowledge. Expert knowledge and lessons learned in the construction phase of a building project hold a wealth of knowledge and expertise that can be often taken for granted. However, this body of knowledge is not systematically incorporated into the procurement phase of subsequent projects. Case‐based reasoning is a technology for problem solving based on recall and reuse of specific experiences; it offers techniques for acquiring, representing and managing the knowledge gained from previous experiences and augmenting a set of specific experiences with generalised knowledge. Outlines how current case‐based reasoning techniques support project delivery method decisions. Presents a case‐based framework for project delivery method selection. Finally, reports the findings of the first phase of the system development cycle.
Information technology applications for bridge maintenance management
Authors: Liu Chunlu , Itoh Yoshito
Published: January 2003

Infrastructure maintenance management has become a challenge field for civil engineers and government managers because of the increasing number of deteriorated structures, their complicated spatial locations, the improved service requirements, the limited maintenance budgets and so on. Therefore, maintenance management approaches have been developed for civil infrastructures such as bridges and roads over the past several decades, but most of such approaches focused on one specific structure only – project‐level maintenance management. Now, there are increasing demands and appropriate conditions for network‐level maintenance management for civil infrastructure systems. Aims to explore such a maintenance management approach by integrating and applying the current information technologies, which include the database management system, geographic information system, genetic algorithm and the Internet. Several possible applications of each technology are discussed for solving real‐world problems.
European co‐ordination of collective bargaining
Authors: Gennard John , Newsome Kirsty
Published: January 2003

Analyses the UNI‐Europa Graphical Sector (UEGS) agreement on European co‐ordination of collective bargaining initially made in 1999. Explains the purpose of the agreement, its objectives, its main components, the principles underpinning it and the mechanisms by which it is reviewed. Provides empirical data on the extent to which graphical trade unions (all affiliated to the UEGS throughout Europe, in their 2000 collective bargaining round with graphical employers, were able to make accommodations consistent with the spirit of the co‐ordination of collective bargaining agreement. The research is based on official publications of UEGS, the Minutes of its Collective Bargaining Committee, the reports of its annual general meetings and attendance at its Annual Collective Bargaining Conference for Negotiators.
Unwritten ground rules: transforming organization culture to achieve key business objectives and outstanding customer service
Authors: Simpson Steve , Cacioppe Ron
Published: January 2003

Discusses the importance of bringing to the awareness of all employees the “unwritten ground rules” (UGRs) that operate in an organization. UGRs can be used to transform an organization’s culture to a new set of ground rules that directly reinforce behaviours that contribute to strategic organizational objectives and excellent customer service. Defines and describes unwritten ground rules and then discusses their relevance to customer service and the achievement of organizational objectives. Examples of negative and positive unwritten ground rules that were described by staff to be at the core of their organization’s actions are provided. Provides a model that defines unwritten ground rules in four quadrants of organizational activities and suggests that all four quadrants need to have effective ground rules for an organization to succeed. Finally, it provides an UGR change process that involves seven elements for changing the UGRs to achieve the organization’s strategic objectives and a truly “balanced scorecard”.
A study on the needle heating in heavy industrial sewing
Authors: Li Qinwen , Liasi Evangelos , Simon Dan , Du Ruxu
Published: January 2003

This is the second part of our study on needle heating in heavy industrial sewing. In this part, a finite element analysis (FEA) model is presented. Using a commercial FEA software system, ANSYS, the needle is modeled by a number of 3D bar elements and the sewing process is modeled by a series of time and space dependent boundary conditions. The model considers various important factors such as the needle geometry (including the point angle and point length of the needle), the friction between the needle and the fabric, the friction between the needle eye and the thread, the fabrics’ material property, and the sewing conditions. It can predict needle heating in high accuracy. In order to validate the model, a large number of experiments were conducted, in which the needle temperatures were measured using infrared radiometry. It is found that the simulation results match the experiment results very well. Finally, a number of suggestions to reduce the needle heating are presented.
Peering over the fortress walls: the metadata invasion begins
Authors: Medeiros Norm
Published: January 2003

Explores the growing variance between proponents of traditional cataloging practices for Web objects, and those who advocate non‐AACR/MARC approaches to resource description. Describes changes to the Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (CORC) that have been perceived by some as counter to OCLC’s original mission. Reviews a recent issue of Library Computing devoted to library catalogs and cataloging practices. Concludes with an overview of the Delphi Study on Metadata, a project coordinated by Ingrid Hsieh‐Yee, associate professor at Catholic University of America’s School of Library and Information Science.
Dynamic publishing of links to Web resources using FileMaker Pro
Authors: Duncan Robert E.
Published: January 2003

Collections of links to Web resources become difficult to maintain and use as they grow in size. Database‐driven, dynamic Web publishing solutions offer searching capabilities and display options, and enable librarians to maintain current and accurate information. Reference librarians at Lafayette College use FileMaker Pro database software to generate subject lists of Web‐based resources dynamically. Thanks to FileMaker Pro’s ease of use and built‐in Web publishing capabilities, attractive and functional dynamic Web content can be generated with no programming skills.
Impediments to consumer adoption of sustainable transportation
Authors: Raymond Byrne Michael , Polonsky Michael Jay
Published: January 2003

There are a number of impediments to consumer adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), including regulatory barriers, resources, infrastructure and vehicle characteristics themselves. These impediments also impact on other stakeholders, such as government, producers (i.e. corporations), suppliers (collaborators), competition (i.e. alternative products) and activist groups. The inter‐relationships amongst all stakeholders are complex, as one group may initiate actions that serve as impediments for others. Developing systems‐based sustainable alternatives to traditional, environmentally‐harmful automobiles requires the network of relationships between stakeholders and impediments to be considered. This paper looks at the various impediments as well as how they can affect various stakeholders. It then posits a broad based integrative approach to provide the most favourable environment for consumers to consider AFVs.
Methodological issues in conjoint analysis: a case study
Authors: Jaeger Sara R. , Hedderley Duncan , MacFie Halliday J.H.
Published: January 2003

To help further our understanding of how keymethodological issues in conjoint analysis influence outcomes, a choice‐based conjoint study measuring consumer preferences for pre‐packed apple selection packs was conducted. The role of stimuli presentation format was considered by comparing the performance of physical prototype stimuli and realistic pictorial representations. This indicated no substantial differences in the choice decisions made using the two presentation formats and suggested that photographic images may be used instead of prototype stimuli. A second issue pertained to the need for training and warm‐up exercises prior to the actual conjoint choice task. While this indicated some differences in choice strategies, a significant improvement in internal validity of choice decisions made with and without training was not achieved. One possible explanation for this finding may be that respondents made choices between apple products, a product category for which decision strategies are likely to be stable and well‐developed.
Antecedents and consequences of market orientation in public organisations
Authors: Cervera Amparo , Mollá Alejandro , Sánchez Manuel
Published: January 2003

The aim of this article is to link research on market orientation in the field of marketing with the proposals of reform and modernisation made in the administrative and political field. Market orientation in business organisations is a highly topical issue, or even more, it is considered by someacademicians as the new marketing paradigm. Following these studies and their proposals of application in other sectors, a market orientation model is developed, from a public management perspective, in the setting of local governments through testing a set ofhypotheses about the construct and its antecedents and consequences. Antecedents explaining why some local governments are more market oriented than others are identified. Moreover, market orientation is shown to influence public organisation performance.
Targeting women in German and Japanese magazine advertising: A difference‐in‐differences approach
Authors: Dallmann Katharina M.
Published: January 2003

The goal of this paper is to present the difference‐in‐differences approach as statistical methodology specifically to address the importance of identifying culture‐specific advertising strategies when targeting global market segments. In applying this methodology to advertising research, the study analyses German and Japanese magazine advertising targeting women in four dimensions: advertisement format, usage of models, male and female role portrayal and value appeals. Despite some apparent transnational similarities in advertising aimed at women, the difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals marked cross‐cultural differences in the way that marketers adapt their strategies in the women’s market. The results indicate that non‐traditional approaches in targeting women seem to be far more culturally specific than the traditional ones, and that the male role portrayal, which has not yet gained much attention in research, is the crucial element of non‐traditional approaches in the Japanese women’s magazine.
Understanding marketing development in the Czech Republic
Authors: Savitt Ronald
Published: January 2003

The development of market oriented strategies and marketing programs in the Czech Republic has been hampered by a lackof understanding by managers of what these concepts mean. A study of “old state enterprises” clearly suggests that until dramatic changes are made in transforming organizations, it will be some time before these firms will develop appropriate marketing practices. One of the most critical roadblocks to change is the current managerial cadre. Their experiences under the socialist system form the way they approach marketing. Even those at the top level of organizations have a limited understanding about marketing. Given their age and position, we should not expect to see dramatic changes in the near future. Also, the slow movement toward economic transformation and the general turbulence in the Czech economy thwart movement toward marketing practices.
Friends and relations: long‐term approaches to political campaigning
Authors: Dean Dianne , Croft Robin
Published: January 2003

Proposes a prescriptive model for political marketing based loosely on the Six Markets Model of relationship marketing. The rationale for this is to be found in an analysis of the historical treatment of political marketing, from within both disciplines. Argues that many of the conventional axioms of marketing are inappropriate in politics, and observes how in political science, as in marketing itself, there is a questioning ofthe fundamental rational foundations of anumber of key theoretical constructs. In proposing a multiple markets model for politics, cites as evidence the fact that many of the approaches advocated appear already to have been adopted during the 1997 general election campaign of the British Labour Party.
Personalized information clients: short answers to simple questions about “my library” services
Authors: Ghaphery Jimmy , Kesselman Martin , Barbara Watstein Sarah
Published: January 2003

Recent advancements in technology have inspired libraries to develop creatively customized services, or personalized information clients, allowing users to organize and manage Web sites for their personal interests and needs. One example of this customer orientation is the “my library” service, described in this series of questions and answers.
Integrating and assessing information competencies in a gateway course
Authors: D’Angelo Barbara J.
Published: January 2003

Information competency instruction is an essential component of the strategic mission of Fletcher Library at Arizona State University West. Instuction programs include drop‐in basic skills classes, course‐integrated instruction taught by subject librarians, and an online tutorial currently under development. From summer 1999 through summer 2000, faculty members and subject librarian for the Integrative Studies Program collaborated to integrate information competency instruction and assessment into the program’s gateway course. Two sessions were developed and taught by the librarian. A prelimanry assessment programms developed to evaluate student outcomes and to serve as the foundation of a future programmatic assessment program. This paper reports on the resulting sessions, the assessment, modifications made as a result of the information gathered and its place in the development of programmatic competencies.
2D and 3D finite element meshing and remeshing
Authors: Mackerle Jaroslav
Published: January 2003

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element meshing and remeshing from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. Topics such as adaptive techniques for meshing and remeshing, parallel processing in the finite element modelling, etc. are also included. The bibliography at the end of this paper contains 1,727 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with presented subjects that were published between 1990 and 2001.
Quality evaluation in on‐line service environments: an application of the importance‐performance measurement technique
Authors: O’Neill Martin , Wright Christine , Fitz Frank
Published: January 2003

This paper investigates the conceptualisation and measurement of service quality in on‐line service environments. It reports the findings from an exploratory study of consumer perceptions of service quality as they relate to an on‐line library service in a prominent public sector university in Western Australia. The results reveal the core service quality dimensions of significance to on‐line consumers and demonstrates the usefulness and relative simplicity of this measurement methodology for evaluating the service quality construct in on‐line environments. The study highlights not only how the service is perceived from a customer point of view, but also what is important to the customers in their use of on‐line services.
Basic problems of economic cybernetics
Authors: Maonescu Manea
Published: January 2003

Economic cybernetics – a very important branch of cybernetics – has elaborated and founded concepts, models, techniques and methods for the investigation both qualitatively and quantitatively of the laws of optimal balanced and proportional growth of the components of the national economy system. At the same time, economic cybernetics performs the role of a “Dialog” between Microsystems and Macrosystems, thus allowing a better understanding and management of the economic mechanism as a whole. The economic approach of economic phenomena and processes of organising and managing economic systems, of achieving the unity between micro‐ and macro‐economics is an obvious reality, confirmed by the results obtained in economic practice. The application of the methods proper to economic cybernetics, in order to find solutions to problems concerning organisation and management of the economy, the design of economic growth trajectories, the achievement of a permanent dialogue between decision and its component of the management of society, is discussed.