bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ZcVg3 Gene Regulates the Reproduction and Lifespan of Female Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Mediated by Short-Term High Temperatures
Authors: Yang Shuyan , Peng Sihua , Wang Aqiang , Jia Jingjing , Wu Qianxing , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhou Shihao
Published: July 2024

Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a significant pest affecting fruit and vegetables in tropical and subtropical regions, and its development and reproduction are enhanced after exposure to short-term high-temperature stress at 45 °C. Vitellogenin (Vg) is an essential precursor of yolk protein formation in eggs and plays a vital role in the ovarian development of insects. Interfering with the Z. cucurbitae vitellogenin receptor (ZcVgR) gene in short-term high-temperature conditions decreases the fecundity of female adults, while the transcription level of the ZcVg3 gene increases. To elucidate the reproductive function of the ZcVg3 gene and the synergistic relationship among the ZcVgs genes under short-term high temperatures, this study injected siRNA to interfere with the ZcVg3 gene after subjecting Z. cucurbitae to a 1 h treatment at 45 °C and 25 °C. The expression of the ZcVg3 gene was suppressed, leading to the upregulation of the ZcVg1 and ZcVg2 genes, and the expression of the ZcVgR gene was initially decreased and then increased. Silencing the ZcVg3 gene after a 1 h treatment at 45 °C resulted in a reduction of approximately 84.7% and 75.9% in the fecundity and spawning days of female adults compared to the control. The development rate of their ovaries and the ovarian diameter significantly decreased, and their lifespan was reduced by 71%. The ZcVg3 gene plays a crucial role in the reproduction of Z. cucurbitae in short-term high-temperature conditions. The results of this study provide potential targets for the development of RNAi-based techniques for the control of Z. cucurbitae.
Traumatic Brain Injury as an Independent Predictor of Futility in the Early Resuscitation of Patients in Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Al-Fadhl Mahmoud D. , Karam Marie Nour , Chen Jenny , Zackariya Sufyan K. , Lain Morgan C. , Bales John R. , Higgins Alexis B. , Laing Jordan T. , Wang Hannah S. , Andrews Madeline G. , Thomas Anthony V. , Smith Leah , Fox Mark D. , Zackariya Saniya K. , Thomas Samuel J. , Tincher Anna M. , Al-Fadhl Hamid D. , Weston May , Marsh Phillip L. , Khan Hassaan A. , Thomas Emmanuel J. , Miller Joseph B. , Bailey Jason A. , Koenig Justin J. , Waxman Dan A. , Srikureja Daniel , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Fox Sarah , Bingaman Greg , Zimmer Donald F. , Thompson Mark A. , Bunch Connor M. , Walsh Mark M.
Published: July 2024

This review explores the concept of futility timeouts and the use of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an independent predictor of the futility of resuscitation efforts in severely bleeding trauma patients. The national blood supply shortage has been exacerbated by the lingering influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of blood donors available, as well as by the adoption of balanced hemostatic resuscitation protocols (such as the increasing use of 1:1:1 packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelets) with and without early whole blood resuscitation. This has underscored the urgent need for reliable predictors of futile resuscitation (FR). As a result, clinical, radiologic, and laboratory bedside markers have emerged which can accurately predict FR in patients with severe trauma-induced hemorrhage, such as the Suspension of Transfusion and Other Procedures (STOP) criteria. However, the STOP criteria do not include markers for TBI severity or transfusion cut points despite these patients requiring large quantities of blood components in the STOP criteria validation cohort. Yet, guidelines for neuroprognosticating patients with TBI can require up to 72 h, which makes them less useful in the minutes and hours following initial presentation. We examine the impact of TBI on bleeding trauma patients, with a focus on those with coagulopathies associated with TBI. This review categorizes TBI into isolated TBI (iTBI), hemorrhagic isolated TBI (hiTBI), and polytraumatic TBI (ptTBI). Through an analysis of bedside parameters (such as the proposed STOP criteria), coagulation assays, markers for TBI severity, and transfusion cut points as markers of futilty, we suggest amendments to current guidelines and the development of more precise algorithms that incorporate prognostic indicators of severe TBI as an independent parameter for the early prediction of FR so as to optimize blood product allocation.
Chuna Manual Therapy or Electroacupuncture with Pregabalin for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Yeon-Woo , Lee Ilkyun , Lee Jin-Hyun , Park Min-Geun , Kim Ji-Hoon , Sunwoo Yoon-Young , Hwang Man-Suk , Park Tae-Yong
Published: July 2024

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, and effective treatments for CIPN are still lacking. For this reason, there is a growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine as a potential source of nonsurgical treatments for CIPN symptoms alongside pregabalin. One such option being explored is Chuna manual therapy (CMT), a traditional Korean manual therapy. Methods: This study compares the effectiveness and safety of using only pregabalin (PG) as a conventional method of treating breast and colorectal cancer patients with CIPN symptoms with a combination of both PG and electroacupuncture (EA) or CMT, while also assessing the feasibility of future large-scale clinical studies. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, only 74 CIPN patients were recruited to this study. Twenty-five were assigned to the PG group, 26 to the PG + EA group, and 22 to the PG + CMT group for a five-week treatment and a four-week follow-up study. Results: For the primary outcome, we evaluated the mean differences in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-Ntx) compared to the baseline at week 5 (visit 4). Although we found that the PG + CMT group showed the biggest difference (−16.64 [95% CI: −25.16, −8.11]) compared to the PG group (−8.60 [95% CI: −14.93, −2.27]) and the PG + EA group (−6.73 [95% CI: −12.34, −1.13]), this finding lacked statistical significance (p = 0.2075). In terms of safety, two patients in the PG + CMT group reported side effects: one bruise and one headache. Conclusions: The low attrition and high adherence rates of all the groups, and the similar rates of side effects among them, support the feasibility of larger-scale follow-up studies.
Correction: Tatsumi et al. Biomarkers for Monitoring of Changes in Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 7165
Authors: Tatsumi Yoshihiro , Kakimoto Kazuki , Hara Azusa , Mizuta Noboru , Numa Keijiro , Kinoshita Naohiko , Nakazawa Kei , Koshiba Ryoji , Hirata Yuki , Ota Kazuhiro , Miyazaki Takako , Nakamura Shiro , Sakagami Kayoko , Arimitsu Shoko , Ito Hiroaki , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Text Correction [...]
Amiodarone Administration during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Is Not Associated with Changes in Short-Term Mortality or Neurological Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Patients with Shockable Rhythms
Authors: Kramser Nicolas , Duse Dragos Andrei , Gröne Michael , Stücker Bernd , Voß Fabian , Tokhi Ursala , Jung Christian , Horn Patrick , Kelm Malte , Erkens Ralf
Published: July 2024

Background: The search for the best therapeutic approach in cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) remains open to question. In this study, we evaluated if Amiodarone administration during CPR was associated with short-term mortality or neurological development. Methods: A total of 232 patients with sudden cardiac arrest (CA) with shockable rhythms were included in our analysis. Propensity score matching based on age, gender, type of CA, and CPR duration was used to stratify between patients with and without Amiodarone during CPR. Primary endpoints were short-term mortality (30-day) and neurological outcomes assessed by the cerebral performance category. Secondary endpoints were plasma lactate, phosphate levels at hospital admission, and the peak Neuron-specific enolase. Results: Propensity score matching was successful with a caliper size used for matching of 0.089 and a sample size of n = 82 per group. The 30-day mortality rates were similar between both groups (p = 0.24). There were no significant differences in lactate levels at hospital admission and during the following five days between the groups. Patients receiving Amiodarone showed slightly higher phosphate levels at hospital admission, while the levels decreased to a similar value during the following days. Among CA survivors to hospital discharge, no differences between the proportion of good neurological outcomes were detected between the two groups (p = 0.58), despite slightly higher peak neuron-specific enolase levels in CA patients receiving Amiodarone (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Amiodarone administration is not associated with short-term mortality or neurological outcomes in CA patients with shockable rhythms receiving CPR.
Analytical Modeling Approaches for the Cyclic Behavior of Concrete-Filled Circular Filament Wounded GFRP Tube Columns
Authors: Shakya Sajan , Hain Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) offer an alternative to traditional reinforced concrete columns for new construction applications due to their high strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance properties. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of accurate analytical models for the cyclic/seismic performance of CFFT columns. This is due to the absence of precise stress–strain models for FRP tubes and confined concrete under cyclic loading. Previous experiments on CFFT columns suggest that even minimal reinforcement (≤1%) provides essential energy dissipation for extreme events. However, existing stress–strain models for FRP-confined concrete often neglect the contribution of longitudinal and transverse steel reinforcement. While some researchers have proposed material models to address this issue, the analytical modeling of confinement effects from both steel reinforcement and FRP tubes, especially under lateral cyclic loading, continues to pose a significant challenge. This study aims to use previously collected experimental data to evaluate current analytical modeling approaches in OpenSeesPy3.5.1.12 to simulate the lateral cyclic behavior of CFFT columns with ±55° glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) fiber orientation. Both the lumped inelasticity and the distributed inelasticity modeling approaches are applied. The performance of various FRP confinement models is compared. The effect of plastic hinge length is also considered in the lumped plasticity approach. The findings suggest that integrating a fiber element section into the plastic hinge zone enhances the efficiency of the distributed inelasticity approach. This method accurately captures the non-linear behavior in the critical region and precisely predicts the shape of the hysteretic curve, all while reducing computational costs. Conversely, the lumped inelasticity modeling approach effectively forecasts energy dissipation and peak load values across the entire cyclic hysteresis curve, offering significant computational savings. Finally, a generalized modeling methodology for predicting the response of CFFTs under cyclic lateral load is proposed and subsequently validated using experimental results found in the existing literature.
Buyers’ Negative Ratings and Textual Comments on eBay: Reasons for Posting Ratings and Factors in Denouncing Sellers
Authors: Zhang Xubo , Tu Yanbin , Haney Mark H. , Cheng Huawei
Published: July 2024

In this study, we use a dataset collected from eBay to analyze buyers’ negative feedback ratings and associated textual comments. By using text mining and sentiment analysis, we identify seven key reasons why buyers post negative ratings: communication problems, shipping issues, product defects, payment refund problems, customer service issues, fraud, and product packaging. These seven reasons can be classified into three categories: (1) sellers’ malicious fraudulence toward buyers, (2) factors likely under the control of sellers, and (3) factors not likely under the control of sellers. Drawing on these categories, we discuss how sellers can effectively reduce the likelihood that buyers post negative ratings. The most important things sellers can do to avoid negative ratings are to improve communications with buyers and to handle product shipping issues properly. In addition to posting the reasons for their negative ratings of sellers, the textual comments associated with negative feedback ratings may also include direct denouncements of sellers, such as buyers explicitly claiming a seller is a liar and warning other buyers to be cautious of the seller. We collectively call these actions buyers’ denouncements against sellers. These denouncements have significant negative impacts on sellers’ reputations. In this study, we use correlation analysis and logistic regression to investigate the factors that motivate buyers to denounce sellers. We find that, of the three categories of reasons why buyers post negative ratings, sellers’ malicious fraudulence toward buyers and factors likely under the control of sellers are more likely to lead to buyers’ denouncements of sellers, while factors not likely under the control of sellers are not likely to lead to buyers’ denouncements of sellers. In addition, buyers’ strong negative sentiment is also more likely to lead to their denouncement of sellers. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Approximation of the Interactions of Rarefaction Waves by the Wave Front Tracking Method
Authors: Dedović Nebojša
Published: July 2024

The interaction of two simple delta shock waves for a pressureless gas dynamic system is considered. The result of the interaction is a delta shock wave with constant speed. This interaction is approximated by letting the perturbed parameter in the Euler equations for isentropic fluids go to zero. Each delta shock wave is approximated by two shock waves of the first and second family when the perturbed parameter goes to zero. These shock waves are solutions of two Riemann problems at time t=0. The solution of the Riemann problem for t>0 can also contain rarefaction waves. If the perturbed parameter approaches 0, the strength of the rarefaction waves increases and the number of interactions of the rarefaction waves increases, as well. When two split rarefaction waves interact, the number of Riemann problems to be solved is m1·m2, where mi is the number of ith rarefaction waves. The main topic of this paper is to develop an algorithm that reduces the number of these Riemann problems. The algorithm is based on the determination of the intermediate states that make the Rankine–Hugoniot deficit small. The approximated wave front tracking algorithm was used for the numerical verification of these interactions. The theoretical background was the concept of the shadow wave solution.
Exploring Conformal Soliton Structures in Tangent Bundles with Ricci-Quarter Symmetric Metric Connections
Authors: Li Yanlin , Gezer Aydin , Karakas Erkan
Published: July 2024

In this study, we investigate the tangent bundle TM of an n-dimensional (pseudo-)Riemannian manifold M equipped with a Ricci-quarter symmetric metric connection ∇˜. Our primary goal is to establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for TM to exhibit characteristics of various solitons, specifically conformal Yamabe solitons, gradient conformal Yamabe solitons, conformal Ricci solitons, and gradient conformal Ricci solitons. We determine that for TM to be a conformal Yamabe soliton, the potential vector field must satisfy certain conditions when lifted vertically, horizontally, or completely from M to TM, alongside specific constraints on the conformal factor λ and the geometric properties of M. For gradient conformal Yamabe solitons, the conditions involve λ and the Hessian of the potential function. Similarly, for TM to be a conformal Ricci soliton, we identify conditions involving the lift of the potential vector field, the value of λ, and the curvature properties of M. For gradient conformal Ricci solitons, the criteria include the Hessian of the potential function and the Ricci curvature of M. These results enhance the understanding of the geometric properties of tangent bundles under Ricci-quarter symmetric metric connections and provide insights into their transition into various soliton states, contributing significantly to the field of differential geometry.
Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Data Gathering in Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Dvir Efi , Shifrin Mark , Gurewitz Omer
Published: July 2024

This study introduces a novel approach to data gathering in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) utilizing cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In addressing the challenges of efficient data collection in resource-constrained WSNs, we propose and examine a decentralized, autonomous communication framework where sensors function as individual agents. These agents employ an extended version of the Q-learning algorithm, tailored for a multi-agent setting, enabling independent learning and adaptation of their data transmission strategies. We introduce therein a specialized ϵ-p-greedy exploration method which is well suited for MAS settings. The key objective of our approach is the maximization of report flow, aligning with specific applicative goals for these networks. Our model operates under varying energy constraints and dynamic environments, with each sensor making decisions based on interactions within the network, devoid of explicit inter-sensor communication. The focus is on optimizing the frequency and efficiency of data report delivery to a central collection point, taking into account the unique attributes of each sensor. Notably, our findings present a surprising result: despite the known challenges of Q-learning in MARL, such as non-stationarity and the lack of guaranteed convergence to optimality due to multi-agent related pathologies, the cooperative nature of the MARL protocol in our study obtains high network performance. We present simulations and analyze key aspects contributing to coordination in various scenarios. A noteworthy feature of our system is its perpetual learning capability, which fosters network adaptiveness in response to changes such as sensor malfunctions or new sensor integrations. This dynamic adaptability ensures sustained and effective resource utilization, even as network conditions evolve. Our research lays grounds for learning-based WSNs and offers vital insights into the application of MARL in real-world EH-WSN scenarios, underscoring its effectiveness in navigating the intricate challenges of large-scale, resource-limited sensor networks.
Convolution Properties of Meromorphic P-Valent Functions with Coefficients of Alternating Type Defined Using q-Difference Operator
Authors: Almutairi Norah Saud , Shahen Awatef , Cătaş Adriana , Darwish Hanan
Published: July 2024

Certain characteristics of univalent functions with negative coefficients of the form f(z)=z−∑n=1∞a2nz2n,a2n>0 have been studied by Silverman and Berman. Pokley, Patil and Shrigan have discovered some insights into the Hadamard product of P-valent functions with negative coefficients. S. M. Khairnar and Meena More have obtained coefficient limits and convolution results for univalent functions lacking a alternating type coefficient. In this paper, using the q-Difference operator, we developed the a subclass of meromorphically P-valent functions with alternating coefficients. Additionally, we obtained multivalent function convolution results and coefficient limits.
Optimizing P3HT/PCBM-Based Organic Photodetector Performance: Insights from SCAPS 1D Simulation Studies
Authors: Alali Ahmet Sait , Oduncuoglu Murat , Touati Farid
Published: July 2024

Organic electronics have great potential due to their flexible structure, high performance, and their ability to build effective and low-cost photodetectors. We investigated the parameters of the P3HT and PCBM layers for device performance and optimization. SCAPS-1D simulations were employed to optimize the thicknesses of the P3HT and PCBM layers, investigate the effects of shallow doping in the P3HT layer, and assess the influence of the back contact electrode’s work function on device performance. Furthermore, this study explored the impact of interface defect layer density on the characteristics of the device. Through systematic analyses, the optimal parameters for enhancing device responsivity were identified. The findings indicate that a P3HT layer thickness of 1200 nm, a PCBM layer thickness of 20 nm, and a back contact electrode with a work function of 4.9 eV achieve the highest responsivity. Notably, at a bias of −0.5 V, the responsivity exceeds 0.4 A/W within the wavelength range of 450 nm to 630 nm. These optimized parameters underscore the significant potential of the developed device as an organic photodetector, particularly for visible light detection.
Effect of Co-Sputtered Copper and Titanium Oxide Coatings on Bacterial Resistance and Cytocompatibility of Osteoblast Cells
Authors: Nikolova Maria P. , Tzvetkov Iliyan , Dimitrova Tanya V. , Ivanova Veronika L. , Handzhiyski Yordan , Andreeva Andreana , Valkov Stefan , Ormanova Maria , Apostolova Margarita D.
Published: July 2024

One of the primary risk factors for implant failure is thought to be implant-related infections during the early healing phase. Developing coatings with cell stimulatory behaviour and bacterial adhesion control is still difficult for bone implants. This study proposes an approach for one-step deposition of biocompatible and antimicrobial Cu-doped TiO2 coatings via glow-discharge sputtering of a mosaic target. During the deposition, the bias of the Ti6Al4V substrates was changed. Structure examination, phase analysis, and surface morphology were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hardness values and hydrophilic and corrosion performance were also evaluated together with cytocompatible and antibacterial examinations against E. coli and S. aureus. The results show great chemical and phase control of the bias identifying rutile, anatase, CuO, or ternary oxide phases. It was found that by increasing the substrate bias from 0 to −50 V the Cu content increased from 15.3 up to 20.7 at% while at a high bias of −100 V, the copper content reduced to 3 at%. Simultaneously, apart from the Cu2+ state, Cu1+ is also found in the biased samples. Compared with the bare alloy, the hardness, the water contact angle and corrosion resistance of the biased coatings increased. According to an assessment of in vitro cytocompatibility, all coatings were found to be nontoxic to MG-63 osteoblast cells over the time studied. Copper release and cell-surface interactions generated an antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus strains. The −50 V biased coating combined the most successful results in inhibiting bacterial growth and eliciting the proper responses from osteoblastic cells because of its phase composition, electrochemical stability, hydrophilicity, improved substrate adhesion, and surface roughness. Using this novel surface modification approach, we achieved multifunctionality through controlled copper content and oxide phase composition in the sputtered films.
Melanin-Based Nanoparticles for Lymph Node Tattooing: Experimental, Histopathological and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Baselga Marta , Güemes Antonio , Yus Cristina , Alejo Teresa , Sebastián Víctor , Arribas Dolores , Mendoza Gracia , Monleón Eva , Arruebo Manuel
Published: July 2024

In breast cancer, Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD) allows for the selective excision of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) during primary tumor surgery. TAD consists of the resection of labelled SLNs prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have explored the use of carbon-based colloids for SLN tattooing prior to NACT. However, carbon vectors show varying degrees of inflammatory reactions and, in about one fifth of cases, carbon particles migrate via the lymphatic pathway to other nodes, causing the SLN to mismatch the tattooed node. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we explored the use of melanin as a staining endogenous pigment. We synthesized and characterized melanin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (Mel-NPs) and used them to tattoo lymph nodes in pig animal models given the similarity in the size of the human and pig nodes. Mel-NPs tattooed lymph nodes showed high identification rates, reaching 83.3% positive identification 16 weeks after tattooing. We did not observe any reduction in the identification as time increased, implying that the colloid is stable in the lymph node tissue. In addition, we performed histological and ultrastructural studies to characterize the biological behavior of the tag. We observed foreign-body-like granulomatous inflammatory responses associated with Mel-NPs, characterized by the formation of multinucleated giant cells. In addition, electron microscopy studies showed that uptake is mainly performed by macrophages, and that macrophages undergo cellular damage associated with particle uptake.
Urban–Rural Disparities in Food Insecurity and Weight Status among Children in the United States
Authors: Dave Jayna M. , Chen Tzuan A. , Castro Alexandra N. , White Mamie A. , Onugha Elizabeth A. , Zimmerman Sloane , Thompson Debbe
Published: July 2024

Place of residence (urban versus rural) is a contextual determinant of health that has received less attention in the food insecurity literature. The purpose of this study was to assess the urban–rural disparity in the prevalence of food insecurity and weight status among US children. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 with three age groups of children (2–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years old), the associations of weight status and child and household food security status by urban–rural residence were examined using Rao–Scott Chi-square tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Children living in urban areas were significantly more likely to experience household food insecurity (29.15%) compared to their rural counterparts (19.10%), among those aged 6–11 years. The associations between children’s weight status and child and household food security status were significant for children living in urban areas overall and different age groups but not for children living in rural areas. These trends were more pronounced in older age groups. Given the link between food insecurity and higher obesity rates, particularly among urban children, this study highlights the importance of incorporating food security interventions into future obesity prevention programs.
Effects of Short-Term Nighttime Carbohydrate Restriction Method on Exercise Performance and Fat Metabolism
Authors: Sakamoto Takumi , Ueda Shin-ya , Nakahara Hidehiro
Published: July 2024

Background: The sleep-low method has been proposed as a way to sleep in a low-glycogen state, increase the duration of low glycogen availability and sleep and temporarily restrict carbohydrates to improve exercise performance. However, long-term dietary restriction may induce mental stress in athletes. Therefore, if it can be shown that the effects of the sleep-low method can be achieved by restricting the carbohydrate intake at night (the nighttime carbohydrate restriction method), innovative methods could be developed to reduce weight in individuals with obesity and enhance athletes’ performance with reduced stress and in a shorter duration when compared with those of previous studies. With this background, we conducted a study with the purpose of examining the intervention effects of a short-term intensive nighttime carbohydrate restriction method. Methods: A total of 22 participants were recruited among university students participating in sports club activities. The participants were assigned at random to groups, including a nighttime carbohydrate restriction group of 11 participants (6 males, 5 females; age 22.3 ± 1.23) who started a carbohydrate-restricted diet and a group of 11 participants (5 males, 6 females; age 21.9 ± 7.9) who continued with their usual diet. The present study had a two-group parallel design. In the first week, no dietary restrictions were imposed on either group, and the participants consumed their own habitual diets. In the second week, the total amount of calories and carbohydrate intake measured in the first week were divided by seven days, and the average values were calculated. These were used as the daily calorie and carbohydrate intakes in the second week. Only the nighttime carbohydrate restriction group was prohibited from consuming carbohydrates after 4:00 p.m. During the two-week study period, all participants ran for one hour each day before breakfast at a heart rate of 65% of their maximum heart rate. Results: The results obtained from young adults participating in sports showed significant differences in peak oxygen consumption (V·O2peak), work rate max, respiratory quotient (RQ), body weight and lean body mass after the intervention when compared with before the intervention in the nighttime carbohydrate restriction group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the nighttime carbohydrate restriction method markedly improves fat metabolism even when performed for a short period. This method can be used to reduce body weight in individuals with obesity and enhance athletes’ performance. However, it is important to consider the intake of nutrition other than carbohydrates.
Negative Self-Rated Health and Non-Utilization of University Restaurants Are Associated with Overweight and Obesity among College Students in Brazil
Authors: Dias Flávia Santos Batista , da Silva-Nunes Mônica , Ramalho Alanderson Alves
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with overweight and obesity in a sample of university students. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical observational study conducted with undergraduate students at the main campus of the Federal University of Acre. The study included a total of 655 students, 58.3% being female and 41.7% male. The overweight was 48.9%, with higher rates among males (53.8%), those aged 30 years and older (76.6%), and those from families with incomes above three minimum wages (57.2%). Obesity was present in 18.2% of students, with higher rates among females (18.8%), those aged 30 years and older (34.2%), and 19.1% among those from families with incomes above three minimum wages. The age group of 30 years and older; non-utilization of the university restaurant; being female; and self-rated health as regular, poor, or very poor emerged as associated factors with overweight in university students in the adjusted final model. The same association pattern for obesity was observed, except for the variable of gender. The findings of this study point to a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among older university students, those who reported unfavorable self-rated health, and those who reported not consuming meals offered at the UR.
Efficient Writing of Fiber Bragg Gratings with Low Energy Focused fs Pulses Using a Two-Mask Interferometer
Authors: Ouellette François
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate fast writing of strong fiber Bragg grating (FBG) without hydrogen loading using 343 nm femtosecond pulses of only 7 μJ energy at 60 kHz repetition rates and a two-mask interferometer. The beam was focused to a 30–50 μm diameter along the fiber axis, greatly enhancing the peak power while avoiding damage to the masks. A refractive index modulation of more than 10−3 could be obtained in less than one minute exposure. To avoid the observed strong temperature gradient observed in the SMF-28 fiber, a galvo scanner was used to rapidly move the beam back and forth laterally up to 1 mm. FBG were written in SMF-28, as well as 20/400 μm fiber. In the latter fiber, better heat dissipation allowed us to write the FBG with the standard phase mask scanning technique, and a 0.28 mm Gaussian apodized FBG could be written.
Beyond 100G: All-Optical Processor for High-Capacity Access~Networks
Authors: Brestas George , Kanakis Giannis , Spyropoulou Maria , Avramopoulos Hercules
Published: July 2024

We propose a novel approach to mitigate the limitations of high-speed Passive Optical Networks (PONs) by introducing an all-optical processor. This solution addresses the escalating demand for higher data rates and improved performance in future access networks. The all-optical processor leverages optical signal processing to enhance system efficiency and reduce power consumption compared to traditional electrical methods. Specifically, we explore the processor’s dual functionality in performing all-optical equalization and chromatic dispersion compensation. Our research includes a comprehensive analysis of the processor’s design, operational principles, and system validation through extensive simulation studies, demonstrating significant improvements in signal quality and overall network performance. The results indicate that the all-optical processor not only relaxes the DSP and power requirements but also outperforms the more sophisticated digital counterpart methods.
Do Lignin Nanoparticles Pave the Way for a Sustainable Nanocircular Economy? Biostimulant Effect of Nanoscaled Lignin in Tomato Plants
Authors: Tolisano Ciro , Priolo Dario , Brienza Monica , Puglia Debora , Del Buono Daniele
Published: July 2024

Agriculture has a significant environmental impact and is simultaneously called to major challenges, such as responding to the need to develop more sustainable cropping systems with higher productivity. In this context, the present study aimed to obtain lignin nanoparticles (LNs) from pomace, a waste product of the olive oil chain, to be used as a nanobiostimulant in tomato plants. The biostimulant effect of this biopolymer is known, but its reduction to nanometer size can emphasize this property. Tomato plants were subjected to different LN dosages (25, 50, and 100 mg L−1) by foliar application, and inductive effects on photosynthetic machinery, aerial and root biomass production, and root morphology were observed. The treated plants showed increased efficiency in catching and using light, while they reduced the fraction dissipated as heat or potentially toxic to cells for the possibility of creating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, this benefit was matched by increased pigment content and a stimulatory action on the content of nitrogen (NBI) and antioxidant substances such as flavonoids. In conclusion, the present study broadens the horizon of substances with biostimulant action by demonstrating the validity and efficacy of nanobiostimulants obtained from biological residues from the olive oil production chain.
Monitoring of the Homogeneity of Primer Layers for Ink Jet Printing on Polyester Fabrics by Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Daikos Olesya , Scherzer Tom
Published: July 2024

Untreated polyester films and fibers can be hardly printed or coated, in particular if aqueous inks or lacquers have to be applied. Therefore, an adequate primer layer has to be applied first. A cationic polymer formulation based on poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin-co-ethylenediamine) (PDEHED) was used as primer layer for digital printing on polyester fabrics. Because of the exceedingly high requirements on the homogeneity of such layers, hyperspectral imaging was used for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of the distribution of the primer layer on the textiles. Multivariate data analysis methods based on the PLS algorithm were applied for quantification of the NIR reflection spectra using gravimetry as a reference method. Optimization of the calibration method resulted in various models with prediction errors of about 1.2 g/m2. The prediction performance of the models was proven in external validations using independent samples. Moreover, a special ink jet printing technology was tested for application of the aqueous primer formulation itself. Since possible clogging of jet nozzles in the print head might lead to inhomogeneity in the coatings such as missing tracks, the potential of hyperspectral imaging to detect such defects was investigated. It was demonstrated that simulated missing tracks can be clearly detected. Consequently, hyperspectral imaging has been proven to be a powerful analytical tool for in-line monitoring of the quality of printability improvement layers and similar systems.
Optimization of Fine-Fracture Distribution Patterns for Multi-Stage and Multi-Cluster Fractured Horizontal Wells in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ren Long , Wang Junzhang , Zhao Cong , Jing Cheng , Sun Jian , Zhou Desheng , Xiang Fuguo , Gong Diguang , Li Haiyan
Published: July 2024

The efficient development of tight gas reservoirs is significantly enhanced by multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing techniques in conjunction with horizontal well technology, leading to substantial increases in reservoir drainage volume and individual well productivity. This study presents a tailored fine-fracturing approach for horizontal wells in tight gas reservoirs, supported by a gas–water two-phase numerical simulation model. Utilizing the orthogonal experimental design method, we simulated and optimized various fracture distribution schemes to refine fracturing parameters for maximum efficiency. The optimization was further validated through a comparison with actual well completion and development dynamics. The quantitative results highlight the optimal fracture distribution for horizontal wells, with a horizontal section length of 1400 to 1600 m and 14 to 16 fracturing stages. The pattern features a “dense at both ends and sparse in the middle” strategy, with stage spacing of 80 to 110 m, and a “longer in the middle and shorter at both ends” fracture half-length of 100 to 140 m, achieving a fracture conductivity of 30 μm2·cm. To ensure the economic feasibility of the proposed fracturing strategy, we conducted an economic evaluation using the net present value (NPV) method, which confirmed the robustness of the optimization outcomes in terms of both technical performance and economic viability. The reliability of these optimization outcomes has been confirmed through practical application in the development of horizontal wells in the study area. This research approach and methodology can provide theoretical guidance for the design of hydraulic fracturing operations and the integration of geological and engineering practices in similar unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
Design and Analysis of Manufacturing Methods for Tiller Blades and Threshing Teeth in Bangladesh
Authors: Rundquist Laura , Colton Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Bangladesh is increasing agricultural mechanization to reduce labor-intensive drudgery and to address labor shortages in farming. Agricultural equipment, such as power tillers and threshers, are used to achieve this goal and require regular replacement of the spare parts that experience significant wear in use. Spare parts are currently imported at twice the cost of domestic ones. This paper supports the development of domestic manufacturing by analyzing the manufacturing processes for two fast-moving spare agricultural parts, tiller blades and threshing teeth, and providing a method to develop more efficient processes. The manufacturing processes, which focused on the design of forging and bending dies, reflect the constraints of the manufacturing equipment and stock materials available in Bangladesh. The die designs and manufacturing processes were verified by FEA simulations and by experimental testing. The experiments and simulations suggest that the spare parts should be made at elevated temperatures and high rates of forming. Recommended die designs and processing conditions and forces required to achieve the final part and that can be implemented in manufacturing facilities in Bangladesh are presented.
Research on the Supercritical CO2 Extraction Process of Hetian Rose Essential Oil
Authors: Cui Wei , Xu Rongji , Li Xiaoqiong , Yang Junling , Xu Peng , Zhang Zhentao , Yu Ze , Adiges Saramaiti
Published: July 2024

A longstanding concern in plant essential oil extraction is how to optimize extraction efficiency with limited materials. Supercritical CO2 extraction has been proven effective in enhancing the yield and efficiency of extracting plant essential oils. However, the impact of temperature, pressure, and co-solvent content on extracting Hetian rose essential oil remains unclear. There is a lack of research on the influence of pretreatment methods. This study focuses on investigating supercritical CO2 extraction of rose essential oils from Xinjiang Hetian. The research analyzes the effects of pressure and temperature on the extraction rate and validates the efficiency by calculating the solubility of essential oils in supercritical fluid. Under conditions of 35 MPa, 40 °C, 10 L/h, and a particle size of 0.8 mm, this study evaluates the extraction efficiency using Xinjiang Hetian rose materials pretreated with salt solutions at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, as well as enzyme solutions at concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10%. Results indicate that appropriate solution concentration can enhance the extraction effect and mass transfer process, but excessively low or high concentrations do not contribute to improved extraction reactions. The highest extraction rate (8.99%) is achieved using a salt solution concentration of 10%, while the lowest (4.21%) is obtained with a salt solution concentration of 20%.
Internet Use and Religious Practice: The Intermediary Role of Relative Deprivation and Social Trust
Authors: Ding Yating , Zhu Boyu , Peng Zijian
Published: July 2024

China has a unique background of “religious practice without religious belief”. As China enters the digital age, it is necessary to consider religious practices from the perspective of internet use. In this research, we used data from the 2017, 2018, and 2021 years of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to explore whether internet use affects Chinese religious practices. The results show that internet use significantly influences Chinese religious practices. We also constructed a parallel mediation model involving relative deprivation and social trust, demonstrating that relative deprivation positively mediates the effect of internet use on religious practices, while social trust negatively mediates this effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that internet use has a greater impact on religious practices in eastern and central regions, among women, and urban residents. Our research underscores the significant role of religious practices in Chinese society, profoundly influencing everyday life and challenging external perceptions of China as “faithless”.
Osirian Materia Sacra: A Glance from Corn-Mummies
Authors: Betrò Marilina
Published: July 2024

Corn mummies, i.e., miniature pseudo-mummies, made of a mixture of sand and cereal grains, with Osirian iconography, can provide a useful perspective from which to look at the complex nature of Osiris and his cult. Despite having been a well-researched subject at least since the 1980s, they still deserve attention. This study re-examines the known contexts, anticipates the dating of the earliest known artefacts, and analyses their relationship with other categories of related objects, such as the so-called “Osiris beds” and “Osiris bricks”. Although all these artefacts are linked to the rites of Khoiak and share a common conceptual background, the author proposes to distinguish between a cultic tradition and a funerary one. Corn mummies fit into the former strand, as images of the dead god embalmed, prefiguring his rebirth through the sprouting grain. Their main meaning seems to be related to the idea of the rebirth of nature and vegetation rather than to the hope in resurrection. In contrast, “Osiris beds” were aimed to revive an individualized Osiris, i.e., the deceased.
Monitoring Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation and Analyzing Its Drivers in Support of SDG Indicator 15.3.1: A Case Study of Northeast China
Authors: Qiu Yue , Zhao Xuesheng , Fan Deqin , Zheng Zhoutao , Zhang Yuhan , Zhang Jinyu
Published: July 2024

Assessing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 15.3.1, which refers to the proportion of degraded land to total land area, and analysing its status and drivers is essential for the development of policies to promote the early achievement of SDG target 15.3 of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). In this study, Northeast China was selected as the study area, and the progress of indicator 15.3.1 was assessed based on the perspective of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) calculated by the CASA model. WorldPop population spatial distribution data were used as a proxy for human activities, combined with climate data to calculate the effects of changes in temperature, precipitation and population spatial distribution on vegetation NPP based on the partial correlation coefficient method and the Geodetector method. The results showed that 92.81% of the areas that passed the test of significance showed an increasing trend in vegetation NPP from 2000 to 2020. The vegetation NPP was affected by a combination of temperature, precipitation and population. The effects of temperature and precipitation on spatial differences in NPP for various vegetation types were significantly greater than those of population, but in high-density population zones, the effects of population on spatial differences in NPP were generally greater than those of temperature and precipitation. Precipitation was the main driver for spatial variation in NPP in deciduous broad-leaved forests, cultivated vegetation and thickets, while temperature was the main driver for spatial variation in NPP in evergreen coniferous forests. Generally, the warming and wetting trend in Northeast China contributed to the accumulation of NPP in cultivated vegetation, thickets, steppes and grasslands. The sensitivity of NPP to temperature and precipitation in deciduous broad-leaved and deciduous coniferous forests varied according to geographical location.
MFFnet: Multimodal Feature Fusion Network for Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Image Land Cover Classification
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Zhang Wengang , Chen Weidong , Chen Chang , Liang Zhenyu
Published: July 2024

Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery offers a wealth of complementary information on a given target, attributable to the distinct imaging modalities of each component image type. Thus, multimodal remote sensing data have been widely used to improve land cover classification. However, fully integrating optical and SAR image data is not straightforward due to the distinct distributions of their features. To this end, we propose a land cover classification network based on multimodal feature fusion, i.e., MFFnet. We adopt a dual-stream network to extract features from SAR and optical images, where a ResNet network is utilized to extract deep features from optical images and PidiNet is employed to extract edge features from SAR. Simultaneously, the iAFF feature fusion module is used to facilitate data interactions between multimodal data for both low- and high-level features. Additionally, to enhance global feature dependency, the ASPP module is employed to handle the interactions between high-level features. The processed high-level features extracted from the dual-stream encoder are fused with low-level features and inputted into the decoder to restore the dimensional feature maps, generating predicted images. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that MFFnet achieves excellent performance in both qualitative and quantitative assessments on the WHU-OPT-SAR dataset. Compared to the suboptimal results, our method improves the OA and Kappa metrics by 7.7% and 11.26% on the WHU-OPT-SAR dataset, respectively.