bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Islamic Writing Traditions in Southeast Asia: Kitab Jawi and Kitab Kuning with Reference to the Works of Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: January 2023

In reference to the works of two leading ‘ulama of 19th century Southeast Asia, Da’ud al-Fatani and Nawawi al-Bantani, this article discusses the establishment of two Islamic writing traditions, the Malay kitab Jawi and the Arabic kitab which turned to be called more recently as kitab kuning. In spite of the same experiences learning in Mecca, Da’ud al-Fatani wrote his works in Malay, while Nawawi al-Bantani’s kitab were in Arabic. These two writing traditions contributed to the formation of Islamic knowledge among the Muslims of the period, leading the two ‘ulama emerged as the intellectual fathers of Islamic dynamics in respectively Patani-Malaya and Java in Indonesia. In addition to the reason and the ways the two ‘ulama wrote their works in in two different writing styles, other point to highlight is that these kitab Jawi and kitab kuning grew alongside the rise of different Islamic leadership in two major Muslim areas in the region.Artikel ini membahas dua kitab kuning berbahasa Melayu Jawa dan Arab di Asia Tenggara yang merupakan karya Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani. Da’ud al-Fatani menulis dalam bahasa Melayu, sedangkan Nawawi menulis kitab dalam bahasa Arab meskipun keduanya sama-sama belajar agama di Mekkah. Dua kitab ini berkontribusi dalam formasi pembentukan pengetahuan keislaman muslim di Asia Tenggara dan kedua orang tersebut menjadi pembimbing kemunculan dinamika intelektual di Patani dan Jawa abad 19. Keduanya juga hidup di masa kepemimpinan Islam mayoritas yang berbeda wilayah yang mempunyai peran penting dalam pemilihan bahasa, semacam liberasi kognitif, dalam gerakan sosial keagamaan. Penulisan kitab ini bukan sekedar kegelisahan intelektual semata, tetapi mengakar kuat dalam sikap mental yang dominan dalam karakter kepemimpinan Malayu dan Jawa Islam.
Between Polygyny and Monogamy: Marriage in Saudi Arabia and Beyond
Authors: Al Qurtuby Sumanto
Published: January 2023

Saudi Arabia has long been portrayed as a “hub of polygyny,” a practice of marriage in which a man marries several women simultaneously. However, my recent research among Saudi male youths suggest that this practice is waning nowadays. A younger generation in the Kingdom seems to prefer monogamy—a man marrying one wife—to polygamy for several essential reasons, factors and arguments. Based on interviews and conversations with a number of young Saudis as well as outcomes of survey findings, this article tries to debunk the myth of polygyny in the Kingdom and attempts to understand the rationales and logics behind monogamy choice among male (and female) youths of contemporary Saudi Arabia. The article also briefly highlights the practice of polygyny and monogamy in multiple societies outside Saudi Arabia to compare and gain knowledge on various practices of marriage. Seen from another viewpoint, the article is a reflection of a modern-day fruitful socio-cultural development and change in Saudi Arabia that have received enthusiastic and public acclaim across the globe.Arab Saudi digambarkan sejak lama sebagai ‘pusat poligini’, sebuah praktik pernikahan satu laki-laki dengan sejumlah perempuan secara simultan. Namun dalam penelitian saya terbaru terhadap sejumlah laki-laki muda Arab menyatakan praktik poligini mulai memudar saat ini. Generasi muda di wilayah kerajaan Arab tampaknya mulai memilih monogami, daripada poligami, dengan beberapa alasan, faktor dan argumen yang mendasar. Berdasarkan wawancara dan percakapan dengan sejumlah pemuda Arab yang temuannya menunjukkan, seperti dalam artikel ini adalah menyanggah mitos poligini di kerajaan Saudi dan usaha memahami rasionalitas dan logika monogami pemuda dan pemudi di Arab Saudi dewasa ini. Artikel ini juga sekilas membahas praktik poligini dan monogami di luar Arab Saudi sebagai perbandingan dan pengetahuan mengenai ragam bentuk praktik pernikahan di berbagai masyarakat. Dengan sudut pandang lain, artikel ini mencerminkan kehidupan modern dari aneka perkembangan sosial budaya dan perubahan di Arab Saudi yang menerima semangat dan penerimaan publik lintas dunia.
Preaching Islamic Legal Rules on Screen: Conservatism on Islamic Family Law in Digital-Based Dakwah Program Mamah dan Aa Beraksi
Authors: Hayat Muhammad Jihadul
Published: January 2023

Conservatism on Islamic Law has been widely discussed by scholars, be it in printing media (such as fiqh works of traditional ulama, and Islamic self-help books) or in online media (such as on social media platforms containing Islamic dakwah). Their studies portray the diffusion of conservative  Islamic thought from one media to another. However, among  existing works, it can be said that there has not been much discussion about how this conservatism is transmitted by a mubalig (Muslim preacher) particularly about Islamic law. Considering the function of a preacher in Indonesia is significant because has long been the main mouthpiece of Islamic teaching, this paper discussed the conservatism of Islamic family law in the Mamah dan Aa Beraksi preaching program. By using qualitative content analysis, this paper argues that the sermons in the Mamah dan Aa Beraksi contain conservative view of  Islamic family law. This conservatism is indicated by the sermons which tends to refer to traditional fiqh with a gender bias characteristic. This conservatism seems latent through the way the lecturers present her fatwa using short textual interpretations that represent traditional thinking more than modernism. [Konservatisme Hukum Islam telah banyak dibicarakan oleh para ulama, baik di media cetak (seperti literatur karya fikih ulama tradisional, dan buku swabantu Islami) maupun di media online (seperti di platform media sosial yang memuat dakwah Islam). Kajian mereka mempotret difusi konservatisme pemikiran Islam dari satu media ke media lainnya. Namun, di antara karya-karya yang ada, dapat dikatakan bahwa belum banyak pembahasan tentang bagaimana konservatisme itu ditransmisikan oleh seorang mubalig khususnya tentang hukum Islam. Mengingat fungsi mubalig di Indonesia cukup signifikan karena telah lama menjadi corong utama ajaran Islam kepada masyarakat, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas konservatisme Hukum Keluarga Islam dalam program Mamah dan Aa Beraksi. Dengan menggunakan analisis isi kualitatif, tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa ceramah dalam program Mamah dan Aa Beraksi mengandung konservatisme Hukum Keluarga Islam. Konservatisme ini terlihat dari materi ceramah yang cenderung mengacu pada fikih tradisional dengan ciri bias gender. Konservatisme ini tampak laten melalui cara penceramah memaparkan argumentasi hukumnya dengan menggunakan interpretasi secara tekstual yang singkat, nan lebih merepresentasikan pemikiran tradisional daripada modernis.]
The Idea of Progress: Meaning and Implications of Islam Berkemajuan in Muhammadiyah
Authors: Arifin Syamsul , Mughni Syafiq A , Nurhakim Moh
Published: January 2023

Muhammadiyah is an Islamic religious organization founded in 1912 that has survived for more than a century in Indonesia. The survival and dynamic development of Muhammadiyah has inspired exploratory studies revealing the concomitant factors behind the proliferation of Muhammadiyah, one of which is the idea of Islam Berkemajuan (progressive Islam). This study relies mostly on the official documents and individual works published before and after the coinage of the terminology in the early 2000s. This study approaches the subject by systematically and critically constructing the historical and theological perspectives. This research shows that Islam Berkemajuan finds its roots in progressivice Islamic discourse among Muslim intellectuals and activists in early twentieth-century Indonesia. The idea of progress then serves as an intellectual response to social, political, and economic plight of Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule. In addition, the idea of progress is also particularly found in the discourse among inner circles of Muhammadiyah to advance the position of Muslims. Islam Berkemajuan was founded on theological grounds. In this, the teaching of Ahmad Dahlan on surah al-‘Ashr and surah al-Ma’un has become a strong inspiration behind Muhammadiyah’s commitment to using religious and rational understanding in teaching and action, developing education, health services, economic development, empowerment, philanthropy, and humanitarian action. [Muhammadiyah adalah organisasi keislaman di Indonesia yang berdiri sejak 1912 dan telah bertahan lebih dari seabad. Keberlangsungan dan dinamika perkembangan Muhammadiyah telah menginspirasi kajian eksploratif yang mencerahkan seiring faktor dakwah Muhammadiyah, salah satunya ide tentang Islam Berkemajuan. Tulisan ini sebagian besar berdasar dokumen resmi lembaga dan publikasi personal tentang Muhammadiyah baik sebelum dan sesudah terminologi ini muncul di awal tahun 2000an. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sistematis dan konstruktif kritis pada perspektif sejarah dan teologis organisasi ini. Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa Islam Berkemajuan berakar pada progresifitas diskursus keislaman diantara intelektual dan aktivis muslim Indonesia awal abad 20. Ide kemajuan kemudian berkembang sebagai respon intelektual terhadap memburuknya sosial, ekonomi dan politik Indonesia dimasa kolonial Belanda. Ide kemajuan juga sebagian berkembang dilingkungan internal Muhammadiyah untuk mendorong posisi muslim Indonesia. Islam berkemajuan juga mempunyai landasan teologisnya dalam ajaran Ahmad Dahlan terkait surah al-‘Ashr dan surah al-Ma’un. Hal ini menjadi inspirasi kuat selain komitmen Muhammadiyah menggunakan agama dan pemahaman rasional dalam ajaran dan aksi, pengembangan pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan, kesejahteraan ekonomi, pemberdayaan, filantropi dan aksi kemanusiaan.]
Marx's Critique of Enlightenment Humanism
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: January 2023

This issue’s Review of the Month discusses Marx’s role as the foremost revolutionary critic of bourgeois Enlightenment humanism. To this day, his conception of “the universal metabolism of nature” remains a powerful antidote to the phantasmagoric “dark ecology” posited by today’s posthumanism.
NATO and the Long War on the Third World
Authors: Wargan Paweł
Published: January 2023

The global balance of power shifting. The resistance to NATO's push for a New Cold War is growing, particularly among the Third World countries that have historically borne the brunt of the West's imperial projects. It is the role of socialists living in the imperial core, Paweł Wargan writes, to support the peoples of the Third World as they rise up in the new era.
Rola środków zapobiegawczych w kanonicznym prawie karnym. Czy możliwy jest od nich rekurs?
Authors: Kiełpiński Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Kanoniczna procedura administracyjno-karna ma zapewnić sprawiedliwy proces (podejrzany – oskarżony) o przestępstwa delicta contra mores. Dlatego w postępowaniu przygotowawczym ordynariusz nakłada środki zapobiegawcze, które mają służyć osiągnięciu określonego celu. Nie są one karami, lecz aktami administracyjnymi, które służą wielu podmiotom. Doktryna w tej materii dokonała swoistej ewolucji. Regulacje zawarte w kodeksie z 1917 r. zabraniały odwoływania się do dekretu, który zawierał takie środki. Obecne regulacje prawne pozwalają na złożenie regresu w tym zakresie. Powinien on być oparty na przepisach dotyczących rekursów hierarchicznych. Kompetentnym przełożonym w tej dziedzinie jest Kongregacja Nauki Wiary, gdyż to ona definitywnie rozstrzyga wszystkie kwestie związane z wykroczeniami delicta graviora. Niestety, są one podejmowane bardzo rzadko, ponieważ często na poziomie postępowania przygotowawczego adwokat lub radca prawny nie ma prawa sugerować podejrzanemu tego typu rozwiązań.
The importance of the state military policy of the Central Rada in the modern development of the Ukrainian army.
Authors: Volodymyrivna Viktorska Yaroslavna
Published: January 2023

The article examines the scientific significance of the state military policy of the Central Council. It outlines the deployment of the military movement and the activities of the military bodies of the People's Republic of Ukraine. The significance and influence of the experience of the military policy of the Central Council for the present-day development of the state is delineated. Normative activity in the military sphere during the period of the Central Council and Independent Ukraine is analyzed. The issue of the legal, financial, and social situation of the military personnel of the Armed Forces between 1917 and 1919 is highlighted. The military legal norms of the period together with the military norms from the Independence of Ukraine are analyzed. The need to supplement these documents is proven, in particular by a detailed description of the role and function of the military personnel in the military formations as a component of military security policy. It is emphasized that the main priority in the national security system is the development, preservation, provision, and improvement of the regulatory and legal acts. The basic documents that defined the state policy of national security during the Central Council period as well as their significance for the present-day development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are analyzed.
Wymiar sprawiedliwości jako wymiar represji w Polsce w latach 1944-1956
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: January 2023

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Prawo natury i prawo stanowione we wstępie do Komentarzy do Praw Anglii Williama Blackstone’a
Authors: Łysak Dariusz
Published: January 2023

Teoretyczne intencje Williama Blackstone’a, autora monumentalnego dla kultury common law dzieła Komentarze do Praw Anglii, wzbudzają do dziś spory, a ich autor bywa zaliczany zarówno do prekursorów pozytywizmu prawniczego, jak i tradycyjnych przedstawicieli szkoły prawa natury. We Wstępie do Komentarzy znajdują się elementy charakterystyczne dla obu tych rodzajów myślenia o prawie. W niniejszym tekście staram się wykazać, że prawnonaturalny wykład Blackstone’a ma nie tylko charakter „dekoracji” dodanej w duchu epoki, ale stanowi istotny i rodzący określone konsekwencje element jego doktryny prawa. Prawo naturalne, według Blackstone’a w następujący sposób oddziałuje na prawo stanowione: (1) przy ustaleniu treści i wykładni prawa posługujemy się konstrukcją praw podmiotowych; (2) gdy prawo stanowione narusza prawo naturalne, oba odseparowane porządki pozostają wiążące a człowiek zobowiązany jest złamać prawo stanowione, przyjmując jednak na siebie sankcję państwową; (3) legislatywa, choć zgodnie z zasadą suwerenności parlamentu pozostaje formalnie nieograniczona w swojej władzy ustawodawczej, zobowiązana jest chronić i umacniać wrodzone i absolutne uprawnienia jednostek, co stanowi wskazówkę interpretacyjną dla stosujących prawo. Poglądy Blackstone’a są inspirujące także współcześnie, ponieważ pokazują, że rozważania prawnonaturalne mogą wychodzić poza schemat lex iniusta non est lex, koncentrując się na określeniu celów dla legislatywy i tym samym stanowiąc element wykładni prawa.
Wojewoda śląski jako zwierzchnik Urzędu Wojewódzkiego Śląskiego w Katowicach w latach 1922–1939
Authors: Błaszczak Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

W artykule omówiono rolę wojewody jako szefa Śląskiego Urzędu Wojewódzkiego w Katowicach w okresie międzywojennym. Autorka ukazała strukturę urzędu oraz zasady jego pracy. Ponadto przedstawiła kwestię zespolenia spraw szkolnych i skarbowych w ramach Urzędu Wojewódzkiego Śląskiego, co nie miało miejsca w innych województwach i wynikało z ówczesnej sytuacji politycznej, społecznej oraz gospodarczej górnośląskiej części województwa. Kluczową sprawą była bowiem obrona polskiej racji stanu w tym regionie i integracja województwa śląskiego z resztą Polski. Artykuł został przygotowany na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych, aktów powszechnie obowiązującego prawa, a także literatury przedmiotu, w szczególności z okresu międzywojennego.
TURKISH ADAPTATION OF THE PERCEIVED PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT SCALE (PPEFS)
Authors: ÇAM KAHRAMAN Fatma , İNKAYA HOROZ Evrim Funda , ÖZALP TÜRETGEN İlknur
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research was to adopt Perceived Person-Environment Fit Scale (PPEFS; Chuang, Shen & Judge, 2016) into Turkish. The PPEFS consists of four measures: Person-Job Fit Scale, Person-Organization Fit Scale, Person-Group Fit Scale and Person-Supervisor Fit Scale. The research was conducted with 643 employees from various sectors and professions, and consisted of two different studies. In Study 1 (n= 325) the CFI confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the Turkish version of the PPEFS (PPEFS-TR). For convergent validity the relationships of the PPEFS-TR’ scales with another fit scale (Cable & DeRue, 2002; PFS), and for divergent validity the relations between the PPEFS-TR and theoretically unrelated constructs (i.e., age and gender) were examined, and as expected, moderate to low level correlations were found. Moreover, the PPEFS-TR has incremental validity above and beyond the PFS on organizational outcomes (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and intention to leave). In Study 2 (n= 308), each scales of the PPEFS-TR predicted the theoretically related construct (i.e., work engagement, organizational identification, group fit, and leader-member exchange) significantly. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were found between .77 and .94 in both studies. Additionally, test-retest reliability coefficients were found between .90 and .94 (n= 55).
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK RAPORLAMASI VE BIST SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK ENDEKSİNE TABİ ŞİRKETLERDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BEYAZYOL Emel , ATAMAN Başak
Published: January 2023

Günümüzde artık işletmelerin sunduğu finansal raporlar, karar vericiler tarafından yeterli görülmemekte ve işletmelerin çevresel, sosyal ve yönetişim boyutlarındaki performanslarını içeren sürdürülebilirlik raporlarını da sunmaları beklenmektedir. İşletmeler ve karar vericilerin sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasına verdiği önemle beraber, dünyada sürdürülebilirlik endeksleri yayınlanmaya başlamıştır.

Türkiye’ de de 2014 yılından itibaren hesaplanarak yayınlanmaya başlayan Borsa İstanbul Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksine tabi, 30.07.2021 itibariyle 65 adet şirket bulunmaktadır. 2021 yılında Borsa İstanbul ve dünyaca ünlü veri tabanı şirketi Refinitiv arasında imzalanan anlaşma gereği; endekse tabi şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik performanslarının belirlenebilmesi amacıyla “Çevresel, Sosyal ve Yönetişim (ESG) Skorları” Refinitiv tarafından ölçülmekte ve yayınlanmaktadır. Çalışmada; endekste yer alan 65 adet şirketin sürdürülebilirlik performanslarının ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla, Refinitiv üzerinden alınan ESG skorları, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman analizi ile incelenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır.

Ayrıca çalışmada; endekste yer alan 65 adet şirketin sürdürülebilirlik performanslarına etki eden, şirket düzeyindeki faktörlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; şirketlerin çevresel, sosyal, yönetişim ve genel ESG skorları ile aktif büyüklükleri, karlılık oranları ve finansal kaldıraç oranları arasındaki ilişkiler regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE ON THE ORIGINS OF THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) AND A MARKETING-SIDED APPROACH TO TAM
Authors: ÇELİK Zübeyir , USLU Aypar
Published: January 2023

This study aims to visually present the bibliometric data sources related to the origin of TAM as a result of the literature review by running the VOSviewer visual mapping technique. The bibliometric data sources obtained, the selected studies and the citation counts of these studies are for the researchers who contributed to TAM, the theoretical foundations of TAM, the key components of TAM, and the application areas of TAM. The PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram was used for a systematic literature review. Many studies published from 1985, when the original TAM was introduced, to 2008, when TAM 3 was introduced, contributed to the development of TAM, and most of these studies have over one thousand citation counts. Fred D. Davis and/or Viswanath Venkatesh have co-authored with some of the researchers contributing to TAM. The theoretical foundations of TAM are based on many more theories/models in addition to the theory of reasoned action. In addition to the two key components of ease of use and usefulness, TAM has other key components. Finally, management information technology, management information systems, and computer technology are areas where TAM is applied. Explanations are provided in this present study with a marketing-sided approach to the application areas of TAM.
Remote decentralized clinical trials: a new opportunity for laboratory medicine
Authors: Pennestrì Federico , Banfi Giuseppe , Tomaiuolo Rossella
Published: January 2023

The traditional venue of clinical trials has been hospitals or specialized research units, usually requiring participants to come on-site. Although their contribution to biomedical progress is beyond dispute, they are characterised by two crucial logistical and ultimately scientifical limitations: poor retention and poor generalizability of results, as patients often have problems in concluding the investigation on-site. Remote Decentralised Clinical Trials (RDCTs) take advantage of digital technologies to design trial activities closer to the home of participants, with the aims of minimizing travel to health facilities and the risk of infections, improving the quality of life of participants and caregivers, reducing work absenteeism, including broader cohorts of patients and possibly reducing costs. RDCTs represent a minority of current global research, but the Covid-19 pandemic brought them to the fore. The authors of this paper promote the spread of RDCTs, building on early recommendations from international institutions, and provide some examples of their use and potential benefits in laboratory medicine.
Expansion of verb-argument construction repertoires in L2 English writing
Authors: Park Ji-Hyun , Sung Min-Chang
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the use of English verb-argument constructions (VACs) in second language writing in light of usage-based constructionist approaches to language development. It employs a comprehensive list of VACs to analyze every sentence in 390 essays written by L2 learners of three levels, i.e., Low, Mid, and High, and examines the theoretical hypotheses that the repertoires of VACs expand along with L2 proficient profile and that individual VACs, albeit varying in their expansion patterns, compose a structured inventory based on constructional information. Results indicate that L2 learners of higher proficiency used significantly more types of VACs than those of lower proficiency. It is also found that significant expansions of individual VACs appeared at different L2 proficiency levels. For example, the use of [Verb + NP complement] construction significantly increased between Low and Mid, not between Mid and High, whereas the [Verb + Prepositional object] construction significantly expanded throughout the three proficiency levels. Finally, there were strong cluster effects in the expansion of VACs as small sets of VACs showed similar by-text co-occurrence patterns.
Prediction of heat transfer characteristics in a microchannel with vortex generators by machine learning
Authors: Gönül Alişan , Çolak Andaç Batur , Kayaci Nurullah , Okbaz Abdulkerim , Dalkilic Ahmet Selim
Published: January 2023

Because of the prompt improvements in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, thermal management necessities have altered paying attention to the compactness and high energy consumption of actual electronic devices in industry. In this study, 625 data sets obtained numerically according to the change of five different geometric parameters and Reynolds numbers for delta winglet type vortex generator pairs placed in a microchannel were utilized. Four dissimilar artificial neural network models were established to predict the heat transfer characteristics in a microchannel with innovatively oriented vortex generators in the literature. Friction factor, Nusselt number, and performance evaluation criteria were considered to explore the heat transfer characteristics. Different neuron numbers were determined in the hidden layer of each of the models in which the Levethenberg–Marquardt training algorithm was benefited as the training algorithm. The predicted values were checked against the target data and empirical correlations. The coefficient of determination values calculated for each machine learning model were found to be above 0.99. According to obtained results, the designed artificial neural networks can provide high prediction performance for each data set and have higher prediction accuracy compared to empirical correlations. All data predicted by machine learning models were collected within the range of ±3% deviation bands, whereas the majority of the estimated data by empirical correlations dispersed within ±20% ones. For that reason, a full evaluation of the estimation performance of artificial neural networks versus empirical correlations data is enabled to fill a gap in the literature as one of the uncommon works.
Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer using integral Avrami equation
Authors: Wan Xian , Zhang Kai , Yin Zuoxin , Chen Shuai , Liu Guodong , Feng Wei
Published: January 2023

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE, Fluon®C-88AXP) was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Jeziorny, Ozawa, Mo, and Kissinger equations have been used to describe the crystallization data. The Ozawa and Kissinger plots show downward curves instead of the linear relationship as predicted. Good linear relationship was obtained using the Jeziorny and Mo equations but no vital model parameters concerned with the crystallization kinetics could be acquired. The integral Avrami equation combining with Hoffman equation has been used to describe the crystallization data through nonlinear regression method and kinetic parameters have been acquired. The fitting quality improves when the thermal lag effect was taken into consideration. Meanwhile, the linearity of the Ozawa and Kissinger analysis is improved greatly and the Ozawa exponent and crystallization activity energy of the copolymer have been obtained.
The Protective Effect of Social Reward on Opioid and Psychostimulant Reward and Relapse: Behavior, Pharmacology, and Brain Regions
Authors: Venniro Marco , Marino Rosa A.M. , Chow Jonathan J. , Caprioli Daniele , Epstein David H. , Ramsey Leslie A. , Shaham Yavin
Published: January 2023

Until recently, most modern neuroscience research on addiction using animal models did not incorporate manipulations of social factors. Social factors play a critical role in human addiction: social isolation and exclusion can promote drug use and relapse, while social connections and inclusion tend to be protective. Here, we discuss the state of the literature on social factors in animal models of opioid and psychostimulant preference, self-administration, and relapse. We first summarize results from rodent studies on behavioral, pharmacological, and circuit mechanisms of the protective effect of traditional experimenter-controlled social interaction procedures on opioid and psychostimulant conditioned place preference, self-administration, and relapse. Next, we summarize behavioral and brain-mechanism results from studies using newer operant social-interaction procedures that inhibit opioid and psychostimulant self-administration and relapse. We conclude by discussing how the reviewed studies point to future directions for the addiction field and other neuroscience and psychiatric fields, and their implications for mechanistic understanding of addiction and development of new treatments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this review, we propose that incorporating social factors into modern neuroscience research on addiction could improve mechanistic accounts of addiction and help close gaps in translating discovery to treatment. We first summarize rodent studies on behavioral, pharmacological, and circuit mechanisms of the protective effect of both traditional experimenter-controlled and newer operant social-interaction procedures. We then discuss potential future directions and clinical implications.
Henri Chopin
Authors: Patterson Jack
Published: January 2023

Henri Chopin (1922–2008) is best known for his work in concrete poetry and sound poetry. Both practices evoked a Dada legacy, but this paper considers Chopin as an essentially postwar figure. Through examination of his writings, the paper charts the intellectual background of Chopin’s sound works—created using his mouth, magnetic tape, and microphones—and argues Antonin Artaud and Marshall McLuhan were important sources for Chopin’s personal artistic theories. Borrowing from both thinkers, Chopin attempted to recover an orality lost within written language, finding what he called the “human sound” at the junction of the human vocal anatomy and magnetic tape. Additionally considered are Chopin’s experiences in labor camps during the period of Vichy fascism as one motivation for his attempts to find a language to communicate the uncommunicable.
Multinucleation resets human macrophages for specialized functions at the expense of their identity
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Kourosh , Pereira Marie , Vanoppen Margot , Bernaerts Eline , Ko Jeong‐Hun , Mitera Tania , Maksoudian Christy , Manshian Bella B , Soenen Stefaan , Rose Carlos D , Williams Graham R , Bassett J H Duncan , Matthys Patrick , Wouters Carine , Behmoaras Jacques
Published: January 2023

Macrophages undergo plasma membrane fusion and cell multinucleation to form multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) such as osteoclasts in bone, Langhans giant cells (LGCs) as part of granulomas or foreign‐body giant cells (FBGCs) in reaction to exogenous material. How multinucleation per se contributes to functional specialization of mature mononuclear macrophages remains poorly understood in humans. Here, we integrate comparative transcriptomics with functional assays in purified mature mononuclear and multinucleated human osteoclasts, LGCs and FBGCs. Strikingly, in all three types of MGCs, multinucleation causes a pronounced downregulation of macrophage identity. We show enhanced lysosome‐mediated intracellular iron homeostasis promoting MGC formation. The transition from mononuclear to multinuclear state is accompanied by cell specialization specific to each polykaryon. Enhanced phagocytic and mitochondrial function associate with FBGCs and osteoclasts, respectively. Moreover, human LGCs preferentially express B7‐H3 (CD276) and can form granuloma‐like clusters in vitro, suggesting that their multinucleation potentiates T cell activation. These findings demonstrate how cell–cell fusion and multinucleation reset human macrophage identity as part of an advanced maturation step that confers MGC‐specific functionality.
New developments and future trajectories in supernumerary sex chromosome abnormalities: a summary of the 2022 3rd International Workshop on Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X, and XYY
Authors: Gravholt Claus H , Ferlin Alberto , Gromoll Joerg , Juul Anders , Raznahan Armin , van Rijn Sophie , Rogol Alan D , Skakkebæk Anne , Tartaglia Nicole , Swaab Hanna
Published: January 2023

The 3rd International Workshop on Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X, and 47,XYY syndrome was held in Leiden, the Netherlands, on September 12–14, 2022.

Here, we review new data presented at the workshop and discuss scientific and clinical trajectories. We focus on shortcomings in knowledge and therefore point out future areas for research.

We focus on the genetics and genomics of supernumerary sex chromosome syndromes with new data being presented. Most knowledge centre specifically on Klinefelter syndrome, where aspects on testosterone deficiency and the relation to bone, muscle and fat were discussed, as was infertility and the treatment thereof. Both trisomy X and 47,XYY syndrome are frequently affected by infertility.

Transitioning of males with Klinefelter syndrome was addressed, as this seemingly simple process in practise is often difficult.

It is now realized that neurocognitive changes are pervasive in all supernumerary sex chromosome syndromes, which were extensively discussed. New intervention projects were also described, and exciting new data concerning these were presented.

Advocacy organizations were present, describing the enormous burden carried by parents when having to explain their child’s specific syndrome to most professionals whenever in contact with health care and education systems. It was also pointed out that most countries do not have health care systems that diagnose patients with supernumerary sex chromosome syndromes, thus pinpointing a clear deficiency in the current genetic testing and care models.

At the end of the workshop, a roadmap towards the development of new international clinical care guidelines for Klinefelter syndrome was decided.
Involvement of gap junctions in the increased contraction of bovine oviducts at pre-ovulation observed in vitro
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Kurokawa Maho , Ogawa Taiji , Kubota Sayaka , Kimura Koji
Published: January 2023

Rhythmic contraction of the oviducts is essential for transporting gametes and embryos at peri-ovulation; however, its regulatory mechanism during the estrous cycle is unclear. Meanwhile, it is reported that ion currents regulate muscle contraction. Our study aimed to clarify the involvement of ion channels and gap junctions in regulating oviductal motility during the estrous cycle in cattle. The isthmic sections of bovine oviducts collected just after ovulation (0–4 days after ovulation), at the mid-late luteal stage (10–17 days), and at the follicular stage (1–3 days before ovulation) were used in the experiments. The frequency and amplitude of contraction of the oviductal strips in the longitudinal direction were examined using the Magnus system. The frequency was not different among the estrous stages. Conversely, the amplitude was significantly higher at the follicular stage. The blockers of voltage-dependent calcium channels, both IP3 receptor and ryanodine receptors, chloride channel, and gap junction reduced the amplitude. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression of GJA1, a component of the gap junction, in the smooth muscle tissues of the oviductal isthmus were significantly higher at the follicular stage. In addition, estradiol-17β (E2; 1.0 ng/mL) significantly increased GJA1 mRNA expression in cultured smooth muscle tissues after 24 h and GJA1 protein expression in cultured smooth muscle cells after 48 h. These results suggest that local levels of E2 in the oviductal isthmus ipsilateral to an ovary with a dominant follicle support the increased contraction amplitude of bovine ipsilateral oviducts by elevating the gap junction expression.
Epigenetic methylation changes: implication as biomarkers in oral and maxillofacial area cancers
Authors: Aghiorghiesei Ovidiu , Irimie Alexandra Iulia , Braicu Cornelia , Raduly Lajos , Nutu Andreea , Balint Emilia , Mehterov Nikolay , Vladimirov Boyan , Sarafian Victoria , Lucaciu Ondine , Campian Radu , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana
Published: January 2023

Background/Aim. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent cancer of the head and neck area in the oral cavity. Epigenetic alterations in oral and maxillofacial area cancers are urgently needed to be investigated, as the observed changes might have crucial diagnostic value for personalized medicine. Methods. Our study aimed to identify the most frequently hypermethylated tumor suppressor gene promoters in OSCC, followed by correlation analysis with the patients’ survival. We evaluated the methylation status of the promoters in a panel of 22 tumor suppressor genes in Romanian (n=9) and Bulgarian (n=12) patient groups suffering from oral and maxillofacial area cancers. The extracted DNA was further digested through EpiTect Methyl II PCR Array System containing methylation-sensitive and methylation-dependent restriction enzymes, followed by specific amplification of the products obtained by qPCR and data analysis using the online platform provided by the producer. Results. Different methylation patterns were observed in the tumor suppressor genes’ promoters. Among them, the methylation profile of Cccnd2, Chd1, Cdh13, Cdkn1c, Neurog1, Gstp1, and Runx3 genes further correlated with overall survival rates. Conclusions. Our data emphasize that epigenetic alterations are responsible for the clinical heterogeneity of oral and maxillofacial area cancers and significantly impact on patient survival. Additional investigation on a larger patient cohort should validate these potential biomarkers.
Epicurus’ Swerve and the Randomness Objection to Free Will
Authors: Keršys Matas
Published: January 2023

Modern opponents of free will often aim to demonstrate its unviability by employing the standard argument against free will, which claims that either determinism or randomness is true, and that both options preclude free will. It is frequently assumed that Epicurus defended free will by positing the swerve as a third, uncaused type of atomic motion. This makes Epicurus vulnerable to criticism via the standard argument by seemingly committing him to randomness. This paper asks whether Epicurus can avoid the criticisms of the standard argument and seeks to show that he is not as vulnerable as first appearances indicate. A closer look at De Rerum Natura 2.251–293 reveals the important role of the independent deliberating mind in acts of free volition, while the claim that free volitions are a basic, sense-perceptible aspect of reality raises the question as to whether the swerve really was Epicurus’ main defence of free will.
What’s so Funny? Democritus ridens in Juvenal 10
Authors: Adomėnas Mantas
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes Juvenal’s use of Democritean material in his tenth Satire. The famous juxtaposition of laughing Democritus and weeping Heraclitus (which popularized and perpetuated the image of contrasting philosop­hers) is habitually interpreted in terms of Juvenal’s poetic strategy, as indicating the shift in the tone of his satires and the change of Juvenal’s stance from the anger as the dominant emotion of his earlier satires to laughter and irony of the later ones. There is a tendency to assume that the totality of Democritean material in Juvenal 10 derives solely from Seneca. However, close reading of the concluding lines of the Satire suggests a different argumentative strategy and deeper engagement with Democritus’ thought by Juvenal. The comparison with Pseudo-Hippocratic ‘epistolary novel’ suggests Cynic diatribai as the source of the Democritean material in Juvenal 10.
The Peasant Self-government in the Lithuanian Country after the Abolition of Serfdom: the Backwardness or Progress Factor?
Authors: Vaskelaitė Vilma
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of the peasant self-government system, which had been functioning in Vilna and Kovno Governorates since the abolition of serfdom in 1861 (in Suwałki Governorate – since the land reform of 1864) up to the First World War, on the Lithuanian peasant life. The functioning of different self-government structures in the daily life is characterised. The article specifies changes in the peasant opinion towards the system. The essential differences between the peasant self-government regulations in Vilna, Kovno and Suwałki Governorates are highlighted. The effects of the system on the Lithuanian peasant life were ambiguous. On the one hand, it brought some novelties to the country, such as a bureaucracy and a regular management of public affairs. On the other hand, it conserved the communal mentality of peasantry by creating legal conditions for the collegial self-government institutions to restrict the freedom of community members to change their place of living and occupation. The peasant self-government in Suwałki was not based on the estates of the realm, thus it provided better circumstances for the modernisation of peasantry.
Images of Soviet Lithuania for exile (1959-1990)
Authors: Mukaitė Gabija
Published: January 2023

Those who left Lithuania during World War II were still interested in Soviet Lithuanian news. They received some of the news from letters, newspapers, radio, and television. The aim of this research is to analyse the images of Soviet Lithuania that were created through letters and visits to Lithuania from 1959 to 1990. The object of this work is the images of Soviet Lithuania for exile diasporas. Which was created by different sources of information. The problem of this research is that, there is not a lot of research about the communication by letters between people who stayed in Soviet Lithuania, and their relatives in exile. There is not a lot of research about emigrants who saw Lithuania during visits, and the images of it that they created themselves. The letters from relatives were controlled by KGB, and the messages that contained any sort of negative information about Lithuania, could not reach the recipients. However, occasionally, some letters containing negative information did reach diasporas, and it also painted a picture of the country. Struggles with money and the deficit of goods created the image of a lacking Lithuania, while social guarantees created a progressive image. Ambiguous images of Lithuania were also created through visits to Soviet Lithuania. It was due to different people that the visitors communicated with: thus, official and unofficial images were formed. The official images – shaped by such institutions as KGB – were progressive, while the unofficial ones – formed by the common people – denied some of the progressive images, because many people were suffering from the socialist regime. The governmental institutions were trying to hide these disagreeing images in particular. Consequently, depending on whom the visitors had contacted, they were able to create their own images of Lithuania.
Evaluation of phytochemicals from Indian traditional medicinal plants as antihiv-1 Drugs
Authors: Sharma Bechan , Singh Shweta , Goel Muskan
Published: January 2023

According to a global estimate, the growing infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) causing development of a dreaded disease i.e., Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been a major health risk resulting into loss of lives of about 25 million people in the last 25 years. The information available on basic biological processes in the HIV life-cycle suggest that it destroys a subpopulation of T-lymphocytes containing CD4 receptor and CXCR4 or CCR5 as a coreceptor on their surface. These molecules on cell surface are required by the virus for docking and internalization. Since the availability of a suitable vaccine against this virus is currently far from reach and the presently available synthetic anti-HIV therapeutics exhibit severe toxicity and induce emergence of drug resistant mutations, it was imperative to explore plant-based principles targeting specific steps in the viral life-cycle. Moreover, the advancement in separation, purification and chemical characterization technologies for identification of natural compounds has offered promises for the usage of medicinal plants in modern drug discovery. With a few newly discovered natural products demonstrating anti-HIV potential in comparison to a vast number of previously known natural products exhibiting activity against HIV, a multiplex approach is required for exploring cost effective, safe, and efficient plant based anti-HIV drugs with very small LD50 value exhibiting efficacy at nanomolar / picomolar range. This article illustrates an updated account of information on the anti-HIV-1 efficacy of some bioactive molecules isolated from different medicinal plants. Furthermore, the article highlights some chemical compounds isolated from weeds showing activity against functions of viral reverse transcriptase (HIV-1RT), protease and integrase enzymes.
Визначення вмісту 59Ni та 55Fe в конструкційних елементах АЕС
Authors: Zheltonozhsky V.O. , Myznikov D.E. , Savrasov A.M. , Slisenko V.I.
Published: January 2023

Проведено опромiнювання конструкцiйних матерiалiв 2-го блока ЧАЕС гальмiвними y-квантами з граничною енергiєю 37 МеВ. З вимiряних y-спектрiв, використовуючи спiввiдношення виходiв 57Co, 58Сo та 54Mn, ми визначили вiдношення концентрацiй iзотопiв 58Ni та 56Fe до концентрацiї 59Co. Iз використанням отриманих даних та вимiряної активностi 60Co в дослiджуваних зразках розроблено метод визначення активностей 59Ni та 55Fe. Проведено радiохiмiчну валiдацiю створеного методу i отримано гарне кiлькiсне узгодження активностей 59Ni та 55Fe, знайдених спектроскопiчним та радiохiмiчним методами.
Induced Vacuum Energy Density of Quantum Charged Scalar Matter in the Background of an Impenetrable Magnetic Tube with the Neumann Boundary Condition
Authors: Gorkavenko V.M. , Gorkavenko T.V. , Sitenko Yu.A. , Tsarenkova M.S.
Published: January 2023

We consider the vacuum polarization of a charged scalar matter field outside the tube with magnetic flux inside. The tube is impenetrable for quantum matter, and the perfectly rigid (Neumann) boundary condition is imposed at its surface. We write expressions for the induced vacuum energy density for the case of a space with arbitrary dimension and for an arbitrary value of the magnetic flux. We do the numerical computation for the case of a half-integer flux value in the London flux units and the (2 + 1)-dimensional space-time. We show that the induced vacuum energy of the charged scalar matter field is induced, if the Compton wavelength of the matter field exceeds the transverse size of the tube considerably. We show that the vacuum energy is periodic in the value of the magnetic flux of the tube, providing a quantumfield-theoretical manifestation of the Aharonov–Bohm effect. The dependencies of the induced vacuum energy upon the distance from the center of the tube for different values of its thickness are obtained. The results are compared to those obtained earlier in the case of the perfectly reflecting (Dirichlet) boundary condition. It is shown that the value of the induced vacuum energy density in the case of the Neumann boundary condition is greater than in the case of the Dirichlet boundary condition.
Feynman’s Classification of Natural Phenomena and Physical Aspects of 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Authors: Chalyi A.V. , Chalyy K.A. , Zaitseva E.V. , Kryshtopa A.A.
Published: January 2023

This review article is devoted to the formulation of the Richard Feynman’s classification of three stages in the study of natural phenomena and the application of this classification to the amazing discovery of the hexagonal grid cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain which was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. The problem of grid cells in brain is considered with accounting for (a) the experimental studies that led to the emergence of hexagons in the human and animal brains, (b) discussion of the problem of generation and propagation of an action potential along nerve fibers, (c) physical parameters of the human brain and its medical applications in the method of hyperthermia for the treatment of malignant tumors, (d) theoretical considerations using a certain analogy between grid cells in brain and the Abrikosov vortex lattice in type II superconductors, and (e) hexagonal graphene and dimensional crossover.
A Lambda Analogue of the Gamma Function and its Properties
Authors: Nantomah K. , Ege I.
Published: January 2023

We consider a generalization of the gamma function which we term as lambda analogue of the gamma function or $\lambda$-gamma function and further, we establish some of its accompanying properties. For the particular case when $\lambda=1$, the results established reduce to results involving the classical gamma function. The techniques employed in proving our results are analytical in nature.