bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new look at the geological framework of the central Noranda camp, Quebec from industry high-resolution seismic profiles
Authors: Bellefleur G , de Kemp E , Goutier J , Allard M
Published: November 2010

As part of the Targeted Geoscience Initiative, the Geological Survey of Canada obtained access to industry-owned seismic-reflection data along two profiles crossing the volcanic rocks of the Noranda mining camp. A detailed 3-D geological model covering the
central Noranda camp was also provided to the TGI-3 Abitibi Project by Xstrata Copper Canada. The model is primarily based on exploration
drill cores and allows precise comparison between seismic reflections and subsurface geology. The Amulet seismic section reveals several prominent east-dipping reflections originating from the Flavrian pluton. The diorite mapped within the Flavrian pluton could explain the strong reflections. The
volcanic rocks of the Noranda Formation are characterized by short, crossing reflections with different dips that complicate reconciliation with the faulted rhyolitic-andesitic sequences in the area. The integration of seismic data and 3-D geological model provides new constraints on the deep
geological framework that may help exploration in the Noranda camp.
Bedrock geology compilation and regional synthesis of parts of Hearne and Rae domains, western Churchill Province, Nunavut - Manitoba
Authors: Tella S , Paul D , Berman R G , Davis W
J , Peterson T D , Pehrsson S J , Kerswill J
A
Published: November 2010

This 1:550 000 scale digital compilation integrates information from geology maps published between 1970 and 2005 to showcase a seamless bedrock geology map of portions of the Hearne and Rae domains west of Hudson Bay (Figures 1, 2; sheet 1). The integrated
geological and metallogenic synthesis of the principal lithotectonic elements of a metal-rich portion of the Western Churchill Province (WCP) is produced under the auspices of the Western Churchill Metallogeny Project (WCMP), Northern Resources Development Program (2003-2007) of the Earth Sciences
Sector, Natural Resources Canada, and builds on recent bedrock mapping initiatives (e.g., western Churchill NATMAP project [1997-2002]). The area, covered in this compilation, represents a significant portion of the Hearne domain (Hoffman, 1988), and to a lesser extent some portions of the adjoining
Rae domain, Nunavut. South of the Snowbird tectonic zone (STZ, Figure 1), the northwestern Hearne domain is predominantly composed of Archean juvenile crust that is interpreted to be underlain by continental crust of the Rae domain (e.g., Jones et al., 2002; Figure 3, sheet 1). Detailed accounts of
the bedrock geology, and of targeted studies on structure, metamorphism, petrology, and geochronology of this region were previously published (Aspler et al., 1999, 2001; Berman et al., 2000, 2005; Davis et al., 2004, 2006; Hanmer et al., 1998, 1999a, b, c; Maclachlan, et al., 2005; Mills et al.,
2000; Ryan et al., 2000a, b; Sandeman et al., 2000, 2004a, b); and Tella et al., 1993, 1997a, b, c, 1999, 2000a, 2001). Geochronology, geochemistry, thermobarometry, metallogeny, geophysical data (Tables 1-4, Figures 3, 4) have been incorporated and collectively used to present a regional
tectonometamorphic and metallogenic synthesis. Databases used include unpublished data maintained by an individual scientist to data captured from a national data warehouse. Digital data were originally compiled using FIELDLOG and AutoCAD, with final output generated with ESRI's ArcGIS and ArcInfo
software. The geochronology data are available for viewing and download from the National Geoscience Data Repository (GDR) website (http://gdr.nrcan.gc.ca/index_e.php). This Open File (GSC OF 5441) is available in hard copy (3 sheets) and digital (CD-ROM) formats. The list of references includes
primary sources used in this compilation (Figure 2, sheet 1), and other publications pertinent to the adjoining Rae domain to the west and north that provide a regional geological and tectonic framework, at the scale of the Western Churchill Province. Many of the references provided document the
range of published data and information which was utilized to arrive at the integrated compilation shown on sheets 1 and 2. The CD-ROM provides a more comprehensive dataset for viewing.
Surficial geology, Herb Lake, Manitoba
Authors: Henderson P J , McMartin I
Published: November 2010

The geoscientific data presented on this map were collected as part of the five-year NATMAP Shield Margin Project (1991-1996) by the Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Energy and Mines. The map is based on field work, air photo interpretation (1:60 000
scale aerial photographs), LANDSAT TM imagery, SRTM digital elevation data, and available drift composition. The glacial erosional record in the Herb Lake map area indicates multiple ice flow events, primarily related to the last cycle of glacial advance and retreat of ice originating from the
Keewatin Sector to the north. The rarity of older glacial sediments beneath surface till demonstrates almost complete glacial erosion during the latest glacial events hence the lack of significant compositional masking of the underlying bedrock, a situation favourable to drift prospecting. Following
deglaciation, the area was inundated by Lake Agassiz. Extensive glacial lake deposits cover the area with thicknesses ranging from a thin veneer to tens of metres.
Die invloed van religieuse en kulturele verskeidenheid op moraliteit in die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse konteks: �n Uitdaging vir Christelike kerke
Authors: Van Zyl Christie
Published: November 2010

The influence of religious and cultural diversity on the moral orientation of the current South African society:� A challenge for the church This article takes into account the morality crisis in South Africa against the background of the rich diversity in the country. It deals with the question whether religious and cultural diversity in particular contributes to moral decay in the community. Different peoples do not only have different experiences of life, but also different value systems on account of their different backgrounds and belief systems. They are the products of diverse influences which bring about different identities and moral orientations. On the one hand this can lead to conflict in societies. On the other hand, diversity in terms of religion and culture enriches societies. Much depends on how these differences are managed. Identity and leadership be regarded as two of the most important elements in the makeup of a prosperous society, especially when it comes to the factor of morality. Diversity demonstrates a great deal of dynamics in itself. It progressively develops new forms as people live actively amidst new circumstances and relationships. As the church is a central player in the field of building moral values, the church has the obligation to re-organise itself in terms of traditional diversity as well as the current contemporary religious and cultural experience.
Evaluating oxygen fluxes using microprofiles from both sides of the sediment‐water interface
Authors: Bryant Lee D. , McGinnis Daniel F. , Lorrai Claudia , Brand Andreas , Little John C. , Wüest Alfred
Published: November 2010

Sediment‐water fluxes are influenced by both hydrodynamics and sediment biogeochemical processes. However, fluxes at the sediment‐water interface (SWI) are almost always analyzed from either a water‐ or sediment‐side perspective. This study expands on previous work by comparing water‐side (hydrodynamics and resulting diffusive boundary layer thickness, δDBL) and sediment‐side (oxygen consumption and resulting sediment oxic zone) approaches for evaluating diffusive sediment oxygen uptake rate (JO2) and δDBL from microprofiles. Dissolved oxygen microprofile and current velocity data were analyzed using five common methods to estimate JO2 and δDBL and to assess the robustness of the approaches. Comparable values for JO2 and δDBL were obtained (agreement within 20%), and turbulence‐induced variations in these parameters were uniformly characterized with the five methods. JO2 estimates based on water‐side data were consistently higher (+1.8 mmol m−2 d−1 or 25% on average) and δDBL estimates correspondingly lower (−0.4 mm or 35% on average) than those obtained using sediment‐side data. This deviation may be attributed to definition of the sediment‐water interface location, artifacts of the methods themselves, assumptions made on sediment properties, and/or variability in sediment oxygen‐uptake processes. Our work emphasizes that sediment‐side microprofile data may more accurately describe oxygen uptake at a particular location, whereas water‐side data are representative of oxygen uptake over a broader sediment area. Regardless, our overall results show clearly that estimates of JO2 and δDBL are not strongly dependent on the method chosen for analysis.
Lake metabolism and the diel oxygen technique: State of the science
Authors: Staehr Peter A. , Bade Darren , Van de Bogert Matthew C. , Koch Gregory R. , Williamson Craig , Hanson Paul , Cole Jonathan J. , Kratz Tim
Published: November 2010

Significant improvements have been made in estimating gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) from diel, “free‐water” changes in dissolved oxygen (DO). Here we evaluate some of the assumptions and uncertainties that are still embedded in the technique and provide guidelines on how to estimate reliable metabolic rates from high‐frequency sonde data. True whole‐system estimates are often not obtained because measurements reflect an unknown zone of influence which varies over space and time. A minimum logging frequency of 30 min was sufficient to capture metabolism at the daily time scale. Higher sampling frequencies capture additional pattern in the DO data, primarily related to physical mixing. Causes behind the often large daily variability are discussed and evaluated for an oligotrophic and a eutrophic lake. Despite a 3‐fold higher day‐to‐day variability in absolute GPP rates in the eutrophic lake, both lakes required at least 3 sonde days per week for GPP estimates to be within 20% of the weekly average. A sensitivity analysis evaluated uncertainties associated with DO measurements, piston velocity (k), and the assumption that daytime R equals nighttime R. In low productivity lakes, uncertainty in DO measurements and piston velocity strongly impacts R but has no effect on GPP or NEP. Lack of accounting for higher R during the day underestimates R and GPP but has no effect on NEP. We finally provide suggestions for future research to improve the technique.
Laboratory measurements of trace gas emissions from biomass burning of fuel types from the southeastern and southwestern United States
Authors: Burling I. R. , Yokelson R. J. , Griffith D. W. T. , Johnson T. J. , Veres P. , Roberts J. M. , Warneke C. , Urbanski S. P. , Reardon J. , Weise D. R. , Hao W. M. , de Gouw J.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. Vegetation commonly managed by prescribed burning was collected from five southeastern and southwestern US military bases and burned under controlled conditions at the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The smoke emissions were measured with a large suite of state-of-the-art instrumentation including an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer for measurement of gas-phase species. The OP-FTIR detected and quantified 19 gas-phase species in these fires: CO2, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C3H6, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3OH, CH3COOH, furan, H2O, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, HCN, HCl, and SO2. Emission factors for these species are presented for each vegetation type burned. Gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO), an important OH precursor, was detected in the smoke from all fires. The HONO emission factors ranged from 0.15 to 0.60 g kg−1 and were higher for the southeastern fuels. The fire-integrated molar emission ratios of HONO (relative to NOx) ranged from approximately 0.03 to 0.20, with higher values also observed for the southeastern fuels. The majority of non-methane organic compound (NMOC) emissions detected by OP-FTIR were oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) with the total identified OVOC emissions constituting 61 ± 12% of the total measured NMOC on a molar basis. These OVOC may undergo photolysis or further oxidation contributing to ozone formation. Elevated amounts of gas-phase HCl and SO2 were also detected during flaming combustion, with the amounts varying greatly depending on location and vegetation type. The fuels with the highest HCl emission factors were all located in the coastal regions, although HCl was also observed from fuels farther inland. Emission factors for HCl were generally higher for the southwestern fuels, particularly those found in the chaparral biome in the coastal regions of California.
A new estimation of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen budget using atmospheric observations and variational inversion
Authors: Yver C. , Pison I. , Fortems-Cheiney A. , Schmidt M. , Bousquet P. , Ramonet M. , Jordan A. , Søvde A. , Engel A. , Fisher R. , Lowry D. , Nisbet E. , Levin I. , Hammer S. , Necki J. , Bartyzel J. , Reimann S. , Vollmer M. K. , Steinbacher M. , Aalto T. , Maione M. , Arduini I. , O'Doherty S. , Grant A. , Sturges W. , Lunder C. R. , Privalov V. , Paramonova N.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) budget with a particular focus on soil uptake and surface emissions. A variational inversion scheme is combined with observations from the RAMCES and EUROHYDROS atmospheric networks, which include continuous measurements performed between mid-2006 and mid-2009. Net H2 surface flux, soil uptake distinct from surface emissions and finally, soil uptake, biomass burning, anthropogenic emissions and N2 fixation-related emissions separately were inverted in several scenarios. The various inversions generate an estimate for each term of the H2 budget. The net H2 flux per region (High Northern Hemisphere, Tropics and High Southern Hemisphere) varies between −8 and 8 Tg yr−1. The best inversion in terms of fit to the observations combines updated prior surface emissions and a soil deposition velocity map that is based on soil uptake measurements. Our estimate of global H2 soil uptake is −59 ± 4.0 Tg yr−1. Forty per cent of this uptake is located in the High Northern Hemisphere and 55% is located in the Tropics. In terms of surface emissions, seasonality is mainly driven by biomass burning emissions. The inferred European anthropogenic emissions are consistent with independent H2 emissions estimated using a H2/CO mass ratio of 0.034 and CO emissions considering their respective uncertainties. To constrain a more robust partition of H2 sources and sinks would need additional constraints, such as isotopic measurements.
The response of precipitation to aerosol through riming and melting in deep convective clouds
Authors: Cui Z. , Davies S. , Carslaw K. S. , Blyth A. M.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. We have used a 2-D axisymmetric, non-hydrostatic, bin-resolved cloud model to examine the impact of aerosol changes on the development of mixed-phase convective clouds. We have simulated convective clouds from four different sites (three continental and one tropical marine) with a wide range of realistic aerosol loadings and initial thermodynamic conditions (a total of 93 different clouds). It is found that the accumulated precipitation responds very differently to changing aerosol in the marine and continental environments. For the continental clouds, the scaled total precipitation reaches a maximum for aerosol that produce drop numbers at cloud base between 180–430 cm−3 when other conditions are the same. In contrast, all the tropical marine clouds show an increase in accumulated precipitation and deeper convection with increasing aerosol loading. For continental clouds, drops are rapidly depleted by ice particles shortly after the onset of precipitation. The precipitation is dominantly produced by melting ice particles. The riming rate increases with aerosol when the loading is very low, and decreases when the loading is high. Peak precipitation intensities tend to increase with aerosol up to drop concentrations (at cloud base) of ~500 cm−3 then decrease with further aerosol increases. This behaviour is caused by the initial transition from warm to mixed-phase rain followed by reduced efficiency of mixed-phase rain at very high drop concentrations. The response of tropical marine clouds to increasing aerosol is different to, and larger than, that of continental clouds. In the more humid tropical marine environment with low cloud bases we find that accumulated precipitation increases with increasing aerosol. The increase is driven by the transition from warm to mixed-phase rain. Our study suggests that the response of deep convective clouds to aerosol will be an important contribution to the spatial and temporal variability in cloud microphysics and precipitation.
On the quantification of atmospheric carbonate carbon by thermal/optical analysis protocols
Authors: Karanasiou A. , Diapouli E. , Viana M. , Alastuey A. , Querol X. , Reche C. , Eleftheriadis K.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. Carbonaceous species, usually classified into two categories, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), constitute an important component of the atmospheric aerosol. Carbonate carbon (CC), or inorganic carbon, another constituent of carbonaceous material, is often not considered in many atmospheric chemistry studies. The reason for this may be its low contribution to fine particle mass in most areas studied, along with the difficulties in its analytical determination in atmospheric aerosols. The objective of this study was the quantification of atmospheric carbonate concentrations using the thermal optical transmittance method (Sunset Laboratory, Inc.). Three different temperature protocols (two modified NIOSH protocols and the EUSAAR-2 protocol) were tested on filter samples containing known amounts of CC. Moreover, the performance of the two most widely used protocols across European countries (NIOSH and EUSAAR-2) was also checked on two different instruments namely the semi-continuous OCEC analyzer and the laboratory OCEC analyzer. NIOSH-840 thermal protocol (NIOSH protocol with a maximum temperature of 840 °C in the He-mode) can be used for the detection and quantification of atmospheric carbonate concentrations. CC was determined in ambient PM10 and PM2.5 samples From Athens and Barcelona by using the NIOSH-840 thermal protocol. The results confirm that in South European countries CC may constitute a significant fraction of carbonaceous aerosols (~15%), thus it should not be neglected. However, the NIOSH-840 protocol seems to overestimate the OC concentrations when compared to the EUSAAR-2 protocol. The results suggest that during dust episodes, common for the Southern Europe, the analytical laboratories could use the NIOSH-840 protocol as a suitable method for the carbonate determination and manually integrate the sharp peak that appears in the maximum temperature step in the inert mode. Afterwards, carbonate should be evaporated by a fumigation method and one could then apply the EUSAAR-2 protocol for the precise determination of OC and EC fractions.
Developing the Knowledge Economy through University Linkages
Authors: Warren Lorraine , Kitagawa Fumi , Eatough Marc
Published: November 2010

Since their inception in 1999, England's Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) have played a significant and growing role in realizing the potential benefits of the UK science base. This paper explores the innovation strategies being delivered by two RDAs, in the north-east of England (One North East) and the south-east of England (SEEDA), which have faced contrasting challenges in delivering improved innovation performance. The authors conclude with an agenda for future research concerning the development of regional triple helix systems, based on contrasts drawn.
Back to Basics: The Role of Teaching in Developing the Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Heinonen Jarna , Hytti Ulla
Published: November 2010

The literature on entrepreneurial universities focuses on the close collaboration between academia, industry and government, and on the contribution of tertiary level education to society and the economy. Little attention has been paid to the role of teaching in developing the entrepreneurial university, despite the active research on entrepreneurship education. In addressing this research gap, this paper provides a theoretical discussion of the role of teaching in this context. The authors suggest that the challenges are connected primarily to issues of content and pedagogy, depending on the tasks and the university setting.
Role of Mucosal Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Review of the Literature
Authors: Shahzad Ghulamullah , Mustacchia Paul , Frieri Marianne
Published: November 2010

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is increasingly recognized in adults. It is an inflammatory disease of the esophageal mucosa, with variable presentation, unresponsive to acid suppression therapy. The diagnosis requires histological confirmation of intense eosinophilic infiltration on esophageal biopsy specimen, however exact criteria required to make a diagnosis of EE is still being debated and a clear differentiation from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is important. Allergen elimination or anti-inflammatory therapy may be effective in such patients. The imperfect diagnostic criteria for EE mandate an understanding of the immunology and the pathophysiology of the disease. It may facilitate the introduction of novel treatment modalities in an individual unresponsive to acid suppression therapy. This paper describes basic elements of the immune-mediated injury to the esophageal mucosa and management aspects to provide a better understanding of the condition.
Low‐Symmetry Monoclinic Phases and Polarization Rotation Path Mediated by Epitaxial Strain in Multiferroic BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Zuhuang , Luo Zhenlin , Huang Chuanwei , Qi Yajun , Yang Ping , You Lu , Hu Chuansheng , Wu Tom , Wang Junling , Gao Chen , Sritharan Thirumany , Chen Lang
Published: November 2010

A morphotropic phase boundary driven by epitaxial strain has been observed in lead‐free multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films and the strain‐driven phase transitions have been widely reported as iso‐symmetric Cc‐Cc by recent works. In this paper, it is suggested that the tetragonal‐like BiFeO3 phase identified in epitaxial films on (001) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates is monoclinic MC. This MC phase is different from the MA type monoclinic phase reported in BiFeO3 films grown on low mismatch substrates, such as SrTiO3. This is confirmed not only by synchrotron X‐ray studies but also by piezoresponse force microscopy measurements. The polarization vectors of the tetragonal‐like phase lie in the (100) plane, not the (110) plane as previously reported. A phenomenological analysis is proposed to explain the formation of MC Phase. Such a low‐symmetry MC phase, with its linkage to MA phase and the multiphase coexistence open an avenue for large piezoelectric response in BiFeO3 films and shed light on a complete understanding of possible polarization rotation paths and enhanced multiferroicity in BiFeO3 films mediated by epitaxial strain. This work may also aid the understanding of developing new lead‐free strain‐driven morphotropic phase boundary in other ferroic systems.
On the connection between Pauli‐Villars and higher derivative regularizations
Authors: Stoilov M. N.
Published: November 2010

We show that in some cases the gauge‐invariant Pauli‐Villars and higher (covariant) derivative regularizations are equivalent.
Frustration of antiferromagnetism in the t‐t′‐Hubbard model at weak coupling
Authors: Hofstetter W. , Vollhardt D.
Published: November 2010

The perfect‐nesting instability towards antiferromagnetism of the Hubbard model is suppressed by next‐nearest neighbor hopping t′. The asymptotic behavior of the critical coupling Uc(t′) at small t′ is calculated in dimensions d = 2,3, ∞ using Hartree theory; this yields the exact result at least in d > 2. The order of the transition is also determined. A region of stability of a metallic antiferromagnetic phase in d = 3 is identified.
On the averaged quantum dynamics by white‐noise hamiltonians with and without dissipation
Authors: Fischer Werner , Leschke Hajo , Mülle Peter
Published: November 2010

Exact results are derived on the averaged dynamics of a class of random quantum‐dynamical systems in continuous space. Each member of the class is characterized by a Hamiltonian which is the sum of two parts. While one part is deterministic, time‐independent and quadratic, the Weyl‐Wigner symbol of the other part is a homogeneous Gaussian random field which is delta correlated in time, but smoothly correlated in position and momentum. The averaged dynamics of the resulting white‐noise system is shown to be a monotone mixing increasing quantum‐dynamical semigroup. Its generator is computed explicitly. Typically, in the course of time the mean energy of such a system grows linearly to infinity. In the second part of the paper an extended model is studied, which, in addition, accounts for dissipation by coupling the white‐noise system linearly to a quantum‐mechanical harmonic heat bath. It is demonstrated that, under suitable assumptions on the spectral density of the heat bath, the mean energy then saturates for long times.
Localization length exponent, critical conductance distribution and multifractality in hierarchical network models for the quantum Hall effect
Authors: Weymer Andreas , Janssen Martin
Published: November 2010

We study hierarchical network models which have recently been introduced to approximate the Chalker‐Coddington model for the integer quantum Hall effect (A.G. Galstyan and M.E. Raikh, PRB 5 (1997) 1422; Arovas et al., PRB 56 (1997) 4751). The hierarchical structure is due to a recursive method starting from a finite elementary cell. The localization‐delocalization transition occurring in these models is displayed in the flow of the conductance distribution under increasing system size. We numerically determine this flow, calculate the critical conductance distribution, the critical exponent of the localization length, and the multifractal exponents of critical eigenstates.
Disappearance of time integrals of exact memory functions in time‐convolution generalized master equations
Authors: Čápek Vladislav
Published: November 2010

Memory functions in time‐convolution Generalized Master Equations (GME) for probabilities of finding a general system (interacting by a general coupling with a true thermodynamic bath) in individual states are considered without resorting to any approximation. After taking the thermodynamic bath limit, time integrals from zero to infinite times of the memories are considered. It is argued that these integrals entering, e.g., the usual naive Markov approximation converting GME the Pauli master (PME) equations are exactly zero. This implies long‐time tails of memories (unobtainable by perturbational expansions) and slower‐than‐exponential long‐time asymptotics of relaxation.
Oxidische Nanomaterialien: Von der Synthese über den Mechanismus zur technologischen Innovation
Authors: Patzke Greta R. , Zhou Ying , Kontic Roman , Conrad Franziska
Published: November 2010

Oxidische Nanomaterialien verbinden eine einzigartige und unerschöpfliche Vielfalt struktureller Motive und Eigenschaften mit einer großen Bandbreite morphologischer Variationen – dies macht sie unverzichtbar für nanotechnologische Innovationen. Die Familie der Oxidmaterialien ist in einem stetigen Wachstum begriffen, und somit liegt eine beträchtliche präparative und technologische Arbeit vor uns, um diese Fülle von Komponenten für neuartige Anwendungen auf der Nanoskala zu erschließen. Dies erfordert die Entwicklung zuverlässiger und skalierbarer Präparationsstrategien, die aber besonders für nanostrukturierte Oxide mit komplexer Zusammensetzung eine Herausforderung sind. Mit ihrem anspruchsvollen physikochemischen Hintergrund eröffnen die bislang eingeführten Methoden den Weg zu nanoskaligen Oxiden verschiedenartiger Morphologie, die auf konventionelle Weise nur schwer erhältlich sind. Die vielfältigen modularen Optionen nanoskaliger Oxide als neue Bausteine können revolutionäre Entwicklungen vorantreiben, von der Datenverarbeitung bis hin zur Biokatalyse. Um diese Wechselwirkungen entsprechend zu nutzen, bedarf die Oxid‐Nanotechnologie des 21. Jahrhunderts einer starken Kombination aus präparativer Kreativität, analytischen Instrumentarien und neuen Anwendungsideen.
Oxide Nanomaterials: Synthetic Developments, Mechanistic Studies, and Technological Innovations
Authors: Patzke Greta R. , Zhou Ying , Kontic Roman , Conrad Franziska
Published: November 2010

Oxide nanomaterials are indispensable for nanotechnological innovations, because they combine an infinite variety of structural motifs and properties with manifold morphological features. Given that new oxide materials are almost reported on a daily basis, considerable synthetic and technological work remains to be done to fully exploit this ever increasing family of compounds for innovative nano‐applications. This calls for reliable and scalable preparative approaches to oxide nanomaterials and their development remains a challenge for many complex nanostructured oxides. Oxide nanomaterials with special physicochemical features and unusual morphologies are still difficult to access by classic synthetic pathways. The limitless options for creating nano‐oxide building blocks open up new technological perspectives with the potential to revolutionize areas ranging from data processing to biocatalysis. Oxide nanotechnology of the 21st century thus needs a strong interplay of preparative creativity, analytical skills, and new ideas for synergistic implementations.
Antimycobacterial and antimicrobial study of new 1,2,4‐triazoles with benzothiazoles
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Khan Imran H. , Rajani Smita D.
Published: November 2010

In this study, we report the antimycobacterial and antimicrobial evaluation of newly synthesized 3‐(3‐pyridyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐(N‐substituted‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐amino)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole 6a–j in good yields. All the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C‐NMR and Mass spectral data. In‐vitro antimycobacterial activity was carried out against (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) H37Rv strain using Lowenstein‐Jensen medium and antimicrobial activity against two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes), two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungal species (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus) using the broth microdilution method. Compounds 2e, 6a, 6g, 6h, and 6j exhibited promising antimicrobial activity whereas compound 6j showed very good antimycobacterial activity.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of New Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives
Authors: Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Padmini Valisakka Gari , Suneetha Kyatham , Shireesha Boyapati , Vidyasagar Jannu Vincent , Rao Tadikonda Rama , K N Jayaveera , Basu Arijit , Jayaprakash Venkatesan
Published: November 2010

Thiosemicarbazones of p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Hydroxamate derivatives 4a–4l were found to have better antimicrobial and anticancer activity than their acid counterpart. Compound 4d was found to have good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis with IC50 value of about 1 µM. Compound 4f showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (IC50 = 1.29 µM) and compound 4h showed potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 0.07 µM).
The contribution of geophysical prospecting in the reconstruction of the buried ancient environments of the house of Marcus Fabius Rufus (Pompeii, Italy)
Authors: Maio R. Di , Fedi M. , Manna M. La , Grimaldi M. , Pappalardo U.
Published: November 2010

An integrated geophysical study was carried out in a Roman house in the archaeological area of Pompeii (Italy). The house, once owned by Marcus Fabius Rufus, is an important architectural building overlooking a large garden that is likely to contain buried archaeological structures. The geophysical survey was planned to support an archaeological reconstruction of the residential complex, which was based on the assumption that the house was surrounded by an arcade. Electromagnetic data allowed us to assess the most promising areas for investigating the subsoil within the garden. The resistivity method yielded more detailed results and a further non‐invasive geophysical technique, self‐potential, confirmed the presence of very shallow structures. We performed an integrated interpretation of the data and detected structures buried under different volcanic eruptions succeeding the Plinian event of Mount Somma‐Vesuvius inAD79. Specifically, several structures were found at a very shallow depth; their shapes are regular and the physical parameters are interpreted as anthropogenic remnants, whose geometry does not appear to be linked to architectural elements of a classical arcade. A test excavation revealed the presence of walls whose configuration corresponded with basins for water collection. Apart from the detected remains, the characterization of the pyroclastic deposits in terms of conductivity and of susceptibility allowed a synthesis of the stratigraphic context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RobustH∞fuzzy observer‐based tracking control design for a class of nonlinear stochastic Markovian jump systems
Authors: Huang Ran , Lin Yan , Lin Zhongwei
Published: November 2010

This paper investigates the stochasticH∞tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear stochastic Markovian jump systems. The attention is focused on the design of a fuzzy observer‐based fuzzy controller such that anH∞model reference tracking performance is guaranteed for admissible disturbances. A sufficient condition is established to guarantee the existence of the desired robust controller, which is given in terms of a set of coupled matrix inequalities. Moreover, a novel decoupled method is proposed to transform the sufficient condition into some linear matrix inequality (LMI) form such that observer gains and control gains can be simultaneously obtained by solving a set of LMIs. Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Experimental Revaluation of the Importance of the Abstraction Channel in the Reactions of Monoterpenes with OH Radicals
Authors: Rio Caroline , Flaud Pierre‐Marie , Loison Jean‐Christophe , Villenave Eric
Published: November 2010

The primary oxidation steps of (γ‐terpinene+OH) and (d‐limonene+OH) reactions are investigated using two techniques: an excimer laser photolysis set‐up coupled with UV absorption spectrometry performed at atmospheric pressure and a fast‐flow reactor coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry at low pressure. OH radicals are generated either by photolysis of H2O2or via the reaction of H atoms with NO2. The primary reaction of monoterpenes with hydroxyl radicals can proceed by two reaction pathways: OH‐addition and H‐abstraction. The branching ratios for these channels are measured at various pressures for (γ‐terpinene+OH) and (d‐limonene+OH) reactions and a discussion on the H‐abstraction importance for reactions of monoterpenes with hydroxyl radicals is proposed. H‐abstraction may contribute to (31±9) % and (34±8) % respectively, forγ‐terpinene andd‐limonene reactions with OH at atmospheric pressure and respectively to (28±6) % and (28±8) % at low pressure (between 0.5 and 2.8 torr). As already pointed out by the Leuven group of Peeters, H‐abstraction may be a significant reaction pathway for the reactions of monoterpenes with hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, oxidation products resulting from the H‐abstraction should not be neglected in the mechanisms describing the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from gas‐phase reactions of monoterpenes+OH.
Phase transformation of guanosine 5′‐monophosphate in drowning‐out crystallization: Comparison of experimental results with mathematical modeling
Authors: Nguyen Anh‐Tuan , Kang Jeong‐Ki , Choi Guang Jin , Kim Woo‐Sik
Published: November 2010

The phase transformation of Guanosine 5′‐Monophousphate (GMP) in drowning‐out crystallization using a batch system was experimentally monitored and mathematically modeled. The solid (amorphous and crystalline GMP hydrate) and liquid phases of the GMP products were simultaneously monitored using a video microscope, FT‐IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy during the phase transformation. For the modeling, the phase transformation was assumed to occur via the simultaneous dissolution of amorphous GMP and growth of crystalline GMP hydrate in the solution. Based on a comparison of the experimental results and model predictions, both the dissolution and growth of the GMP solids were found to contribute competitively to the phase transformation. When varying the crystallization conditions, in this case the agitation speed and feed concentration, the phase transformation was significantly promoted when increasing the agitation speed, yet independent of the feed concentration. The simple mathematical model used for the GMP phase transformation was quite successful in describing the experimental results. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ecosystem level assessment of environmentally based flow restrictions for maintaining ecosystem integrity: a comparison of a modified peaking versus unaltered river
Authors: Smokorowski K. E. , Metcalfe R. A. , Finucan S. D. , Jones N. , Marty J. , Power M. , Pyrce R. S. , Steele R.
Published: November 2010

Although dams have impounded the majority of the world's altered watercourses, there is a growing awareness of the importance of mitigating or reversing some of the negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and the related services they provide. We used an ecosystem approach, including detailed studies on hydrology, geomorphology, invertebrates, fish, and food web dynamics on a river altered by waterpower production and a natural flowing river to assess system responses to a change in the altered flow regime (specifically the ramping rate or rate of change of flow). Although there was significant alteration in the flow and sediment regimes under the original restricted ramping rate regime, differences in many biotic variables in the two rivers were not significant including total invertebrate abundance and diversity, fish biomass, fish condition, and food web length. However, significant differences in the abundance and distribution of some sensitive invertebrate taxa and fish diversity were observed between the altered and natural flowing rivers as was the energy base of the food web, measured with stable isotopes. The altered river had lower overall abundance of Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, and Diptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Coleoptera increase in abundance towards the deeper and higher velocity thalweg. On average, δ13C values were lighter in altered sites compared to unaltered sites, likely due to carbon export from the upstream reservoir. Results will inform Canadian federal and provincial policy concerning the efficacy of ramping rate restrictions as a tool to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with peaking waterpower dam operations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Crown in the right of Canada
Cannabinoid receptor activation leads to massive mobilization of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells with potent immunosuppressive properties
Authors: Hegde Venkatesh L. , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash S.
Published: November 2010

Cannabinoid receptor activation by agents such as Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is known to trigger immune suppression. Here, we show that administration of THC in mice leads to rapid and massive expansion of CD11b+Gr‐1+myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) expressing functional arginase and exhibiting potent immunosuppressive properties bothin vitroandin vivo. The induction of MDSC by THC was associated with a significant increase in granulocyte CSF. Moreover, administration of anti‐granulocyte CSF Ab inhibited the induction of MDSC by THC. THC was able to induce MDSC in TLR4 mutant C3H and C57BL10/ScN mice and hence acted independently of TLR4. Accumulation of MDSC in the periphery with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of CD11b+Gr‐1+cells in the bone marrow, as well asin vivoBrdU labeling and cell‐cycle analysis, showed that THC induced mobilization of these cells from bone marrow and their expansion in the periphery. Use of selective antagonists SR141716A and SR144528 against cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, respectively, as well as receptor‐deficient mice showed that induction of MDSC was mediated through activation of both cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. These studies demonstrate that cannabinoid receptor signaling may play a crucial role in immune regulationviathe induction of MDSC.
Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Heterodinuclear LnIII Complexes for Sensing Biologically Relevant Anions
Authors: Andolina Christopher M. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: November 2010

Dinuclear lanthanide(III) complexes of the macrocycles 1,4‐bis[1‐4,7,10‐ tris(carbamoylmethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane]‐m‐xylene (1) and 1,3‐bis[1‐4,7,10‐tris(carbamoylmethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane]‐p‐xylene (2) with LnIII = EuIII, TbIII were prepared. Studies using direct excitation (7F0 → 5D0) europium(III) luminescence spectroscopy show that several anions including phosphate, methylphosphate, double‐stranded DNA, a DNA hairpin loop, and fluoride bind to both EuIII centers in Eu2(1) in solutions at pH 7.0, 0.100 M NaNO3. Recovered luminescence lifetime data is consistent with replacement of water ligands by these anions. There are distinct changes in the relative intensities of EuIII emission peaks for complexes of Eu2(1) and Eu2(2) with phosphate, fluoride, carbonate, and phosphate ester ligands. This suggests that the EuIII dinuclear complexes show promise as ratiometric sensors for these anions. In contrast, the emission peak ratios for the Tb2(1) and Tb2(2) complex show a lower response upon binding of each anionic ligand. Luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) studies with mixed EuIII/NdIII complexes show that the phosphate complexes of Ln2(1) or Ln2(2) both have LnIII–LnIII internuclear distances of 7.7 ± 0.9 Å and the methylphosphate complexes of Ln2(1) and Ln2(2) have internuclear distances of 7.8 ± 0.6 and 8.0 ± 0.7 Å, respectively. LRET experiments also show the two lanthanide ion centers in Ln2(2) are 8.4 ± 0.5 Å apart when bound to GC rich duplex DNA. None of the other anions (carbonate, fluoride, DNA hairpins) form complexes that show measurable energy transfer between the lanthanide ions, which is consistent with intranuclear distances >8 Å.
Syntheses, Characterization and Properties of Open‐Chain Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Utz Diana , Kisslinger Sandra , Heinemann Frank W. , Hampel Frank , Schindler Siegfried
Published: November 2010

The coordination chemistry of copper complexes with theligand L1 [L1 = {7E}‐N1‐benzylidene‐N2‐{(E)‐2‐(benzylideneamino)ethyl}ethane‐1,2‐diamine] has been investigated. For copper(I) complexes of L1, the counterion determines the molecular structure in the solid state. The reaction of [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 with L1 yielded the mononuclear complex [Cu(L1)(CH3CN)]PF6 (1), whereas dinuclear helical [Cu2(L1)2](ClO4)2 (2) resulted from a similar reaction with [Cu(CH3CN)4]ClO4. Both compounds have been structurally characterized, and their solution behaviour investigated. Structurally characterized [Cu(L1)(PPh3)]ClO4 (3) has been synthesized by reacting 2 with PPh3. Exposure of a solution of 1 towards dioxygen in CH3OH and CH2Cl2 yielded the dinuclear complexes [Cu2(L1)2(OCH3)2](PF6)2 (4) and [Cu2(L1)2(OH)2](PF6)2 (5), respectively. Both compounds have been fully characterized. During the oxidation reaction, no hydroxylation of L1 occurred. The oxidation reaction of 1 has been studied by a chemical approach and by UV/Vis spectroscopy, indicating the formation of a peroxido‐bridged species during the reaction. Furthermore, by reduction of the imine groups in L1 the ligand L2 [L2 = N1‐benzyl‐N2‐{2‐(benzylamino)ethyl}ethane‐1,2‐diamine] was obtained and the dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(L2)2Cl3]PF6·2MeOH (6) has been structurally characterized.
Synthesis of S‐Acetyl Oligo‐p‐aryleneethynylene Tetrathiols
Authors: Hassan Omar Omar , Babudri Francesco , Farinola Gianluca M. , Naso Francesco , Operamolla Alessandra
Published: November 2010

A novel class of tetrathiolated aryleneethynylene oligomers was obtained by the Cassar–Heck–Sonogashira coupling between S,S′‐(5‐ethynyl‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(methylene)diethanethioate (1) and aryl diiodides or dibromides. Although standard coupling conditions are effective in the case of iodo derivatives, the addition of free triphenylphosphane to the reaction mixture was required to overcome the slower reaction rate of dibromoarenes. Oligomers with an extended conjugated system could be obtained starting from a higher homologue of 1 by applying the same synthetic approach. These oligomers represent interesting molecular wires, potentially able to self‐assemble on various substrates, including gold and other noble metals in the form of thin films or nanoparticles. The chelating arrangement of the thiol functionalities should ensure stable anchoring and would also represent an interesting novel feature in the study of single molecule conduction with respect to traditional monodentate systems.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A practical overview of current methodological and instrumental advances
Authors: Silva Manuel
Published: November 2010

This review highlights recent methodological and instrumental advances in MEKC focused on the improvement of this CE technique in routine analyses. As in the previous reviews, the present one deals with the last 2 years' most relevant methodological contributions for improving sensitivity and resolution in MEKC as well as instrumental research related to MS and LIF detection. The most widespread approaches are discussed in detail, including enhancements in sensitivity arising from the use of on‐line sample concentration (stacking, sweeping, and a combination of both of these protocols) and improvements in resolution, obtained by changing the composition of the BGE (e.g. with additives to the aqueous phase or employing alternative micellar phases to classical SDS) and using 2‐D separation systems. The advantages and restrictions in MS and LIF detection as applied to MEKC analysis are also examined, especially in the direct coupling of MEKC and MS detection. Finally, some thoughts on potential future directions are also considered.
Measuring and interpreting expectations of equity returns
Authors: Dominitz Jeff , Manski Charles F.
Published: November 2010

We analyze probabilistic expectations of equity returns elicited in the Survey of Economic Expectations in 1999–2001 and in the Michigan Survey of Consumers in 2002–2004. Our empirical findings suggest that individuals use interpersonally variable but intrapersonally stable processes to form their expectations. We therefore propose to think of the population as a mixture of expectations types, each forming expectations in a stable but different way. We use our expectations data to learn about the prevalence of several specific types suggested by research in finance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.