bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ENT run through pilot: a questionnaire survey of 23 trainees
Authors: Heward E , Kumar B N
Published: January 2021

Objective

The ENT run through pilot was introduced in 2018 to improve early recruitment to the specialty. This study aimed to understand what makes a successful interview applicant and the experience of the run through trainees during the specialty trainee one and specialty trainee two years.

Method

A questionnaire survey was sent to all ENT run through trainees.

Results

Twenty-three trainees responded. Of the successful candidates, 74 per cent held additional degrees prior to application. The median core surgical interview rank was 27 (range: 3–174). Trainees felt that being on the run through pilot had increased ENT trainer engagement.

Conclusion

The ENT run through posts are highly competitive, and holding an additional degree may improve applicant success. The pilot programme has been successful by increasing trainer engagement at this critical stage of training. These results will enable development of the pilot programme and provide valuable information for those applying to an ENT run through post.
Structural and interactional aspects of adverbial sentences in English mother-child interactions: an analysis of two dense corpora
Authors: DE RUITER Laura E. , LEMEN Heather C. P. , LIEVEN Elena V. M. , BRANDT Silke , THEAKSTON Anna L.
Published: January 2021

We analysed both structural and functional aspects of sentences containing the four adverbials “after”, “before”, “because”, and “if” in two dense corpora of parent-child interactions from two British English-acquiring children (2;00–4;07). In comparing mothers’ and children's usage we separate out the effects of frequency, cognitive complexity and pragmatics in explaining the course of acquisition of adverbial sentences. We also compare these usage patterns to stimuli used in a range of experimental studies and show how differences may account for some of the difficulties that children have shown in experiments. In addition, we report descriptive data on various aspects of adverbial sentences that have not yet been studied as a resource for future investigations.
Bentham's International Political Theory: Taking States’ Responsibilities Seriously
Authors: Bourcier Benjamin
Published: January 2021

In this article, I defend the idea that Bentham's international political theory entails a cosmopolitan dimension. First, I explain that Bentham rejects two pillars of internationalism, namely, the sovereign's unconstrained autonomous power and authority in international politics, and the legal and moral personality of the state in the international realm. This critique leads Bentham to construct a complex international political theory which places the issue of states’ responsibility at its centre. Bentham's international theory articulates a minimalist international system of cooperation between states (Part II) and an institutional model of public officials’ responsibilities that together play the crucial role in securing the greatest happiness of the greatest number in the world (Part III). In this last part, I explain how Bentham's international political theory relies heavily on the responsibilities of states, a set of responsibilities that encompasses both national and cosmopolitan responsibilities that public officials in each state hold.
A latent class analysis of parent–child discrepancies in reports of peer victimization: Associations to child sexual abuse status and psychological adjustment
Authors: Tremblay-Perreault Amélie , Hébert Martine , Amédée Laetitia Mélissande
Published: January 2021

Researchers face an important challenge when assessing peer victimization in children, since self-reports are often discrepant with parent-reports. A latent class analysis identified patterns of response to items assessing peer victimization, which were either divergent or convergent between the parent and the child. Classes were then compared on the child sexual abuse status and on various behavioral and social outcomes. Participants were 720 school-aged child victims of sexual abuse and a comparison group of 173 nonvictims and their caregivers. We identified two discordant subgroups (self-identified and parent-identified) and two concordant groups (nonvictims and concordant victims of peer victimization). Compared to children of the comparison group, sexually abused children were five times more likely to be identified as targets of peer victimization solely by their parent than the contrary. Sexually abused children with concordant reports of peer victimization showed the poorest adjustment on all studied outcomes assessed 6 months later. Children who discounted experiencing peer victimization while their parent reported it were also at risk of maladjustment. Results underscore the importance of supplementing self-reports with other available sources of information, especially in young and vulnerable populations who may be inclined to discount their victimization experiences.
EDMOND MALINVAUD’S CRITICISMS OF THE NEW CLASSICAL ECONOMICS: RESTORING THE NATURE AND THE RATIONALE OF THE OLD KEYNESIANS’ OPPOSITION
Authors: Renault Matthieu
Published: January 2021

Unlike standard accounts, recent research in the history of macroeconomics has given increasing attention to the Old Keynesians’ criticisms of the New Classical Economics. In this paper, I address the case of Edmond Malinvaud, who began opposing the New Classical Economics from the early 1980s and did so throughout the following thirty years. This study shows that his opposition was radical, i.e., multi-dimensional and systematic, and owes to the methodology and the practice of macroeconometric modeling. In turn, this twofold result sheds light on the nature and the rationale of the Old Keynesians’ opposition to the New Classical Economics from the 1970s onwards, which can be interpreted along the same lines.
The Brexit Religion and the Holy Grail of the NHS
Authors: Kettell Steven , Kerr Peter
Published: January 2021

The role of populism in mobilising support for Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union has been well noted. But a key feature of populist politics – the use of religious discourses – has been largely overlooked. This article addresses this gap by exploring the way in which the Leave campaign framed Brexit in quasi-religious and mythological terms. Three core themes are identified: (1) that the British ‘people’ had a unique role to play in global affairs; (2) that the sanctity of this special status was threatened by elites and migrants; (3) that the referendum gave voice to the sacred ‘will of the people’. These narratives were underpinned by a strategic discourse centring on claims that EU membership was exacerbating a crisis in health and social care. This myth was encapsulated by the so-called ‘Brexit bus’ campaign.
Financial institutions and the British Industrial Revolution: did financial underdevelopment hold back growth?
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M.
Published: January 2021

This scoping paper addresses the role of financial institutions in empowering the British Industrial Revolution. Prominent economic historians have argued that investment was largely funded out of savings or profits, or by borrowing from family or friends: hence financial institutions played a minor role. But this claim sits uneasily with later evidence from other countries that effective financial institutions have mattered a great deal for economic development. How can this mismatch be explained? Despite numerous technological innovations, from 1760 to 1820 industrial growth was surprisingly low. Could the underdevelopment of financial institutions have held back growth? There is relatively little data to help evaluate this hypothesis. More research is required on the historical development of institutions that enabled finance to be raised. This would include the use of property as collateral. This paper sketches the evolution of British financial institutions before 1820 and makes suggestions for further empirical research. Research in this direction should enhance our understanding of the British Industrial Revolution and of the preconditions of economic development in other countries.
Effect of single or sequential POST herbicide applications on seed production and viability of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant soybean
Authors: de Sanctis Jose H. S. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Kumar Vipan , Jhala Amit J.
Published: January 2021

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed that can emerge throughout the soybean growing season in Nebraska and several other regions of the United States. Late-emerging Palmer amaranth plants can produce seeds, thus replenishing the soil seedbank. The objectives of this study were to evaluate single or sequential applications of labeled POST herbicides such as acifluorfen, dicamba, a fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl premix, glyphosate, and lactofen on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, biomass, seed production, and seed viability, as well as grain yield of dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, NE, in 2018 and 2019, with no PRE herbicide applied. Acifluorfen, dicamba, a premix of fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl, glyphosate, or lactofen were applied POST in single or sequential applications between the V4 and R6 soybean growth stages, with timings based on product labels. Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest, reduced Palmer amaranth density to as low as 2 or fewer plants m−2, reduced seed production to 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plant, and resulted in the highest soybean yield during both years of the study. Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control; however, they reduced seed production similar to dicamba. On the basis of the results of this study, we conclude that dicamba was effective for controlling GR Palmer amaranth and reduced density, biomass, and seed production without DGR soybean injury. Herbicides evaluated in this study had no effect on Palmer amaranth seed viability.
Die Kunst, sich beim Nichtstun nicht zu langweilen
Authors: Ahrens Ruth
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿

Achtsamkeitsbasierte Konzepte bereichern psychiatrisch wirksame Interventionen.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Durch einen hohen Alltagsbezug achtsamkeitsbasierter Strategien sind diese im pflegerischen Kontext ausgezeichnet anwendbar.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Pflegende können mit achtsamkeitsbasierten Übungen Patienten helfen, die Impulskontrolle besser zu steuern und mehr Selbstwirksamkeit zu erleben.
Im Hier und Jetzt gesund werden?
Authors: Weisz Christina
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿

Achtsamkeit kann zur Linderung von psychischen und somatischen Symptomen beitragen. Sie kann auch Stress von Nutzenden und Angehörigen in der Psychiatrie reduzieren.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Neuere Forschung gibt Hinweise, wieso Achtsamkeit dabei unterstützen kann, eigene Gefühle, Gedanken und Verhaltensweisen zu erkennen. Außerdem thematisieren Studien in den letzten Jahren auch Grenzen der Anwendung von Achtsamkeit.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Pflegefachpersonen ist eine differenzierte Weiterbildung in Achtsamkeit zu empfehlen, um diese Form von Selbstbeobachtung Nutzenden vermitteln zu können. Achtsamkeit kann Pflegefachpersonen auch in der Selbstreflexion sowie z. B. bei der verbalen Deeskalation unterstützen.
Wahrnehmen dessen, was da ist
Authors: Liedtke Norbert
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu dem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿

Achtsamkeitstraining wird vor allem in Gruppenform angeboten, gilt als unterstützende Intervention bei Psychotherapie, im Fall etwa der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) auch als integraler Bestandteil. Für Menschen mit Psychosen wird häufig zur Vorsicht geraten.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Vor allem im englischsprachigen Raum wird Achtsamkeitstraining inzwischen in der Therapie von Menschen mit Psychosen eingesetzt. In Untersuchungen zeigen sich Hinweise auf positive Effekte. Spezielle adaptierte Trainingsformen sind bislang nur selten im Einsatz.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Auf Grundlage der bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse und der beschriebenen Adaptionen können bestehende Angebote bearbeitet und Menschen mit Psychosen zugänglich gemacht werden. In Einrichtungen lohnen möglicherweise die Durchführung und begleitende Untersuchung eigener Gruppen.
Die coole Seite der Empathie
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿

Der Artikel orientiert sich am gängigen Verständnis von Empathie, für das hier auf Carl Rogers Bezug genommen wird.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Es wird gefragt, ob typische Rollen, wie sie bei Märchenfiguren vorkommen, eine Verständnishilfe für den Umgang mit Patienten auf der psychiatrischen Station darstellen können.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Die empathische Haltung gegenüber psychiatrischen Patienten sollte auch die Frage umfassen, wie die Patienten mich als Pflegenden wahrnehmen; dafür wird eine Hilfestellung geboten.
Asxl1 C-terminal mutation perturbs neutrophil differentiation in zebrafish
Authors: Fang Xiao , Xu Song’en , Zhang Yiyue , Xu Jin , Huang Zhibin , Liu Wei , Wang Shunqing , Yen Kuangyu , Zhang Wenqing
Published: January 2021

ASXL1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in malignant myeloid diseases. In patients with myeloid malignancies, ASXL1 mutations are usually heterozygous frameshift or nonsense mutations leading to C-terminal truncation. Current disease models have predominantly total loss of ASXL1 or overexpressed C-terminal truncations. These models cannot fully recapitulate leukemogenesis and disease progression. We generated an endogenous C-terminal-truncated Asxl1 mutant in zebrafish that mimics human myeloid malignancies. At the embryonic stage, neutrophil differentiation was explicitly blocked. At 6 months, mutants initially exhibited a myelodysplastic syndrome-like phenotype with neutrophilic dysplasia. At 1 year, about 13% of mutants further acquired the phenotype of monocytosis, which mimics chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or increased progenitors, which mimics acute myeloid leukemia. These features are comparable to myeloid malignancy progression in humans. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis, inhibitor treatment, and rescue assays indicated that asxl1-induced neutrophilic dysplasia was associated with reduced expression of bmi1a, a subunit of polycomb repressive complex 1 and a reported myeloid leukemia-associated gene. Our model demonstrated that neutrophilic dysplasia caused by asxl1 mutation is a foundation for the progression of myeloid malignancies, and illustrated a possible effect of the Asxl1-Bmi1a axis on regulating neutrophil development.
Emerging multifaceted roles of BAP1 complexes in biological processes
Authors: Szczepanski Aileen Patricia , Wang Lu
Published: January 2021

Histone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119Ub) is a relatively abundant histone modification, mainly catalyzed by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to regulate Polycomb-mediated transcriptional repression of downstream target genes. Consequently, H2AK119Ub can also be dynamically reversed by the BAP1 complex, an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a general transcriptional activator. In previous studies, it has been reported that the BAP1 complex consists of important biological roles in development, metabolism, and cancer. However, identifying the BAP1 complex’s regulatory mechanisms remains to be elucidated due to its various complex forms and its ability to target non-histone substrates. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that have contributed to the diverse functional role of the BAP1 complex and further discuss the potential in targeting BAP1 for therapeutic use.
Quantum teleportation with imperfect quantum dots
Authors: Basso Basset F. , Salusti F. , Schweickert L. , Rota M. B. , Tedeschi D. , Covre da Silva S. F. , Roccia E. , Zwiller V. , Jöns K. D. , Rastelli A. , Trotta R.
Published: January 2021

Efficient all-photonic quantum teleportation requires fast and deterministic sources of highly indistinguishable and entangled photons. Solid-state-based quantum emitters—notably semiconductor quantum dots—are a promising candidate for the role. However, despite the remarkable progress in nanofabrication, proof-of-concept demonstrations of quantum teleportation have highlighted that imperfections of the emitter still place a major roadblock in the way of applications. Here, rather than focusing on source optimization strategies, we deal with imperfections and study different teleportation protocols with the goal of identifying the one with maximal teleportation fidelity. Using a quantum dot with sub-par values of entanglement and photon indistinguishability, we show that the average teleportation fidelity can be raised from below the classical limit to 0.842(14), adopting a polarization-selective Bell state measurement and moderate spectral filtering. Our results, which are backed by a theoretical model that quantitatively explains the experimental findings, loosen the very stringent requirements set on the ideal entangled-photon source and highlight that imperfect quantum dots can still have a say in teleportation-based quantum communication architectures.
Investigating the effects of genetic risk of schizophrenia on behavioural traits
Authors: Socrates Adam , Maxwell Jessye , Glanville Kylie P. , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M. , Vassos Evangelos , O’Reilly Paul F.
Published: January 2021

To characterise the trait-effects of increased genetic risk for schizophrenia, and highlight potential risk mediators, we test the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and 529 behavioural traits (personality, psychological, lifestyle, nutritional) in the UK Biobank. Our primary analysis is performed on individuals aged 38–71 with no history of schizophrenia or related disorders, allowing us to report the effects of schizophrenia genetic risk in the sub-clinical general population. Higher schizophrenia PRSs were associated with a range of traits, including lower verbal-numerical reasoning (P = 6 × 10–61), higher nervous feelings (P = 1 × 10−46) and higher self-reported risk-taking (P = 3 × 10−38). We follow-up the risk-taking association, hypothesising that the association may be due to a genetic propensity for risk-taking leading to greater migration, urbanicity or drug-taking — reported environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, and all positively associated with risk-taking in these data. Next, to identify potential disorder or medication effects, we compare the PRS–trait associations in the general population to the trait values in 599 medicated and non-medicated individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in the biobank. This analysis highlights, for example, levels of BMI, physical activity and risk-taking in cases in the opposite directions than expected from the PRS–trait associations in the general population. Our analyses offer simple yet potentially revealing insights into the possible causes of observed trait–disorder associations, which can complement approaches such as Mendelian Randomisation. While we urge caution in causal interpretations in PRS cross-trait studies that are highly powered to detect weak horizontal pleiotropy or population structure, we propose that well-designed polygenic score analyses have the potential to highlight modifiable risk factors that lie on the path between genetic risk and disorder.
Negative symptoms and speech pauses in youths at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Stanislawski Emma R. , Bilgrami Zarina R. , Sarac Cansu , Garg Sahil , Heisig Stephen , Cecchi Guillermo A. , Agurto Carla , Corcoran Cheryl M.
Published: January 2021

Aberrant pauses are characteristic of schizophrenia and are robustly associated with its negative symptoms. Here, we found that pause behavior was associated with negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and with measures of syntactic complexity—phrase length and usage of determiners that introduce clauses—that we previously showed in this same CHR cohort to help comprise a classifier that predicted psychosis. These findings suggest a common impairment in discourse planning and verbal self-monitoring that affects both speech and language, and which is detected in clinical ratings of negative symptoms.
Detecting operons in bacterial genomes via visual representation learning
Authors: Assaf Rida , Xia Fangfang , Stevens Rick
Published: January 2021

Contiguous genes in prokaryotes are often arranged into operons. Detecting operons plays a critical role in inferring gene functionality and regulatory networks. Human experts annotate operons by visually inspecting gene neighborhoods across pileups of related genomes. These visual representations capture the inter-genic distance, strand direction, gene size, functional relatedness, and gene neighborhood conservation, which are the most prominent operon features mentioned in the literature. By studying these features, an expert can then decide whether a genomic region is part of an operon. We propose a deep learning based method named Operon Hunter that uses visual representations of genomic fragments to make operon predictions. Using transfer learning and data augmentation techniques facilitates leveraging the powerful neural networks trained on image datasets by re-training them on a more limited dataset of extensively validated operons. Our method outperforms the previously reported state-of-the-art tools, especially when it comes to predicting full operons and their boundaries accurately. Furthermore, our approach makes it possible to visually identify the features influencing the network’s decisions to be subsequently cross-checked by human experts.
Spatiotemporal clustering and Random Forest models to identify risk factors of African swine fever outbreak in Romania in 2018–2019
Authors: Andraud Mathieu , Bougeard Stéphanie , Chesnoiu Theodora , Rose Nicolas
Published: January 2021

African swine fever (ASF) has affected Romania since July 2017, with considerable economic and social consequences, despite the implementation of control measures mainly based on stamping out of infected pig populations. On the basis of the 2973 cumulative recorded cases up to September 2019 among wild boars and domestic pigs, analysis of the epidemiological characteristics could help to identify the factors favoring the persistence and spread of ASF. A statistical framework, based on a random forest methodology, was therefore developed to assess the spatiotemporal features of the epidemics and their relationships with environmental, human, and agricultural factors. The landscape of Romania was associated with the infection dynamics, particularly concerning forested and wetland areas. Waterways were also identified as a pivotal factor, raising questions about possible waterborne transmission since these waterways are often used as a water supply for backyard holdings. However, human activity was clearly identified as the main risk factor for the spread of ASF. Although the situation in Romania cannot be directly transposed to intensive pig farming countries, the findings of this study highlight the need for strict biosecurity measures on farms, and during transportation, to avoid ASF transmission at large geographic and temporal scales.
Age related changes of rib cortical bone matrix and the application to forensic age-at-death estimation
Authors: Bonicelli Andrea , Zioupos Peter , Arnold Emily , Rogers Keith D. , Xhemali Bledar , Kranioti Elena F.
Published: January 2021

Forensic anthropology includes, amongst other applications, the positive identification of unknown human skeletal remains. The first step in this process is an assessment of the biological profile, that is: sex, age, stature and ancestry. In forensic contexts, age estimation is one of the main challenges in the process of identification. Recently established admissibility criteria are driving researchers towards standardisation of methodological procedures. Despite these changes, experience still plays a central role in anthropological examinations. In order to avoid this issue, age estimation procedures (i) must be presented to the scientific community and published in peer reviewed journals, (ii) accurately explained in terms of procedure and (iii) present clear information about the accuracy of the estimation and possible error rates. In order to fulfil all these requirements, a number of methods based on physiological processes which result in biochemical changes in various tissue structures at the molecular level, such as modifications in DNA-methylation and telomere shortening, racemization of proteins and stable isotopes analysis, have been developed. The current work proposes a new systematic approach in age estimation based on tracing physicochemical and mechanical degeneration of the rib cortical bone matrix. This study used autopsy material from 113 rib specimens. A set of 33 parameters were measured by standard bio-mechanical (nanoindentation and microindentation), physical (TGA/DSC, XRD and FTIR) and histomorphometry (porosity-ImageJ) methods. Stepwise regressions were used to create equations that would produce the best ‘estimates of age at death’ vs real age of the cadavers. Five equations were produced; in the best of cases an equation counting 7 parameters had an R2 = 0.863 and mean absolute error of 4.64 years. The present method meets all the admissibility criteria previously described. Furthermore, the method is experience-independent and as such can be performed without previous expert knowledge of forensic anthropology and human anatomy.
Bound-state solutions and thermal properties of the modified Tietz–Hua potential
Authors: Onate C. A. , Onyeaju M. C. , Omugbe E. , Okon I. B. , Osafile O. E.
Published: January 2021

An approximate solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation was obtained under a modified Tietz–Hua potential via supersymmetric approach. The effect of the modified parameter and optimization parameter respectively on energy eigenvalues were graphically and numerically examined. The comparison of the energy eigenvalues of modified Tietz–Hua potential and the actual Tietz–Hua potential were examined. The ro-vibrational energy of four molecules were also presented numerically. The thermal properties of the modified Tietz–Hua potential were calculated and the effect of temperature on each of the thermal property were examined under hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen molecule and carbon (ii) oxide. The study reveals that for a very small value of the modified parameter, the energy eigenvalues of the modified Tietz–Hua potential and that of the actual Tietz–Hua potential are equivalent. Finally, the vibrational energies for Cesium molecule was calculated and compared with the observed value. The calculated results were found to be in good agreement with the observed value.
Insect derived extra oral GH32 plays a role in susceptibility of wheat to Hessian fly
Authors: Subramanyam Subhashree , Nemacheck Jill A. , Bernal-Crespo Victor , Sardesai Nagesh
Published: January 2021

The Hessian fly is an obligate parasite of wheat causing significant economic damage, and triggers either a resistant or susceptible reaction. However, the molecular mechanisms of susceptibility leading to the establishment of the larvae are unknown. Larval survival on the plant requires the establishment of a steady source of readily available nutrition. Unlike other insect pests, the Hessian fly larvae have minute mandibles and cannot derive their nutrition by chewing tissue or sucking phloem sap. Here, we show that the virulent larvae produce the glycoside hydrolase MdesGH32 extra-orally, that localizes within the leaf tissue being fed upon. MdesGH32 has strong inulinase and invertase activity aiding in the breakdown of the plant cell wall inulin polymer into monomers and converting sucrose, the primary transport sugar in plants, to glucose and fructose, resulting in the formation of a nutrient-rich tissue. Our finding elucidates the molecular mechanism of nutrient sink formation and establishment of susceptibility.
Sept8/SEPTIN8 involvement in cellular structure and kidney damage is identified by genetic mapping and a novel human tubule hypoxic model
Authors: Keele Gregory R. , Prokop Jeremy W. , He Hong , Holl Katie , Littrell John , Deal Aaron W. , Kim Yunjung , Kyle Patrick B. , Attipoe Esinam , Johnson Ashley C. , Uhl Katie L. , Sirpilla Olivia L. , Jahanbakhsh Seyedehameneh , Robinson Melanie , Levy Shawn , Valdar William , Garrett Michael R. , Solberg Woods Leah C.
Published: January 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can ultimately progress to kidney failure, is influenced by genetics and the environment. Genes identified in human genome wide association studies (GWAS) explain only a small proportion of the heritable variation and lack functional validation, indicating the need for additional model systems. Outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats have been used for genetic fine-mapping of complex traits, but have not previously been used for CKD traits. We performed GWAS for urinary protein excretion (UPE) and CKD related serum biochemistries in 245 male HS rats. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified using a linear mixed effect model that tested for association with imputed genotypes. Candidate genes were identified using bioinformatics tools and targeted RNAseq followed by testing in a novel in vitro model of human tubule, hypoxia-induced damage. We identified two QTL for UPE and five for serum biochemistries. Protein modeling identified a missense variant within Septin 8 (Sept8) as a candidate for UPE. Sept8/SEPTIN8 expression increased in HS rats with elevated UPE and tubulointerstitial injury and in the in vitro hypoxia model. SEPTIN8 is detected within proximal tubule cells in human kidney samples and localizes with acetyl-alpha tubulin in the culture system. After hypoxia, SEPTIN8 staining becomes diffuse and appears to relocalize with actin. These data suggest a role of SEPTIN8 in cellular organization and structure in response to environmental stress. This study demonstrates that integration of a rat genetic model with an environmentally induced tubule damage system identifies Sept8/SEPTIN8 and informs novel aspects of the complex gene by environmental interactions contributing to CKD risk.
Synergistic activation of mutant TERT promoter by Sp1 and GABPA in BRAFV600E-driven human cancers
Authors: Wu Yongxing , Shi Liang , Zhao Yuelei , Chen Pu , Cui Rongrong , Ji Meiju , He Nongyue , Wang Maode , Li Gang , Hou Peng
Published: January 2021

The activating TERT promoter mutations and BRAFV600E mutation are well-established oncogenic alterations in human cancers. Coexistence of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations is frequently found in multiple cancer types, and is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis. Although the BRAFV600E-elicited activation of ERK has been demonstrated to contribute to TERT reactivation by maintaining an active chromatin state, it still remains to be addressed how activated ERK is selectively recruited to mutant TERT promoter. Here, we report that transcription factor GABPA mediates the regulation of BRAFV600E/MAPK signaling on TERT reactivation by selectively recruiting activated ERK to mutant TERT promoter, where activated ERK can phosphorylate Sp1, thereby resulting in HDAC1 dissociation and an active chromatin state. Meanwhile, phosphorylated Sp1 further enhances the binding of GABPA to mutant TERT promoter. Taken together, our data indicate that GABPA and Sp1 synergistically activate mutant TERT promoter, contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, particularly in the BRAFV600E-driven human cancers. Thus, our findings identify a direct mechanism that bridges two frequent oncogenic alterations together in TERT reactivation.
RNA editing enzyme APOBEC3A promotes pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization
Authors: Alqassim Emad Y. , Sharma Shraddha , Khan A. N. M. Nazmul H. , Emmons Tiffany R. , Cortes Gomez Eduardo , Alahmari Abdulrahman , Singel Kelly L. , Mark Jaron , Davidson Bruce A. , Robert McGray A. J. , Liu Qian , Lichty Brian D. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Wang Jianmin , Odunsi Kunle , Segal Brahm H. , Baysal Bora E.
Published: January 2021

Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization is associated with microbicidal and antitumor responses. We recently described APOBEC3A-mediated cytosine-to-uracil (C > U) RNA editing during M1 polarization. However, the functional significance of this editing is unknown. Here we find that APOBEC3A-mediated cellular RNA editing can also be induced by influenza or Maraba virus infections in normal human macrophages, and by interferons in tumor-associated macrophages. Gene knockdown and RNA_Seq analyses show that APOBEC3A mediates C>U RNA editing of 209 exonic/UTR sites in 203 genes during M1 polarization. The highest level of nonsynonymous RNA editing alters a highly-conserved amino acid in THOC5, which encodes a nuclear mRNA export protein implicated in M-CSF-driven macrophage differentiation. Knockdown of APOBEC3A reduces IL6, IL23A and IL12B gene expression, CD86 surface protein expression, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine secretion, and increases glycolysis. These results show a key role of APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase in transcriptomic and functional polarization of M1 macrophages.
Artificial hibernation/life-protective state induced by thiazoline-related innate fear odors
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiko , Isosaka Tomoko , Tang Lijun , Soga Tomoyoshi , Kobayakawa Reiko , Kobayakawa Ko
Published: January 2021

Innate fear intimately connects to the life preservation in crises, although this relationships is not fully understood. Here, we report that presentation of a supernormal innate fear inducer 2-methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT), but not learned fear stimuli, induced robust systemic hypothermia/hypometabolism and suppressed aerobic metabolism via phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, thereby enabling long-term survival in a lethal hypoxic environment. These responses exerted potent therapeutic effects in cutaneous and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury models. In contrast to hibernation, 2MT stimulation accelerated glucose uptake in the brain and suppressed oxygen saturation in the blood. Whole-brain mapping and chemogenetic activation revealed that the sensory representation of 2MT orchestrates physiological responses via brain stem Sp5/NST to midbrain PBN pathway. 2MT, as a supernormal stimulus of innate fear, induced exaggerated, latent life-protective effects in mice. If this system is preserved in humans, it may be utilized to give rise to a new field: “sensory medicine.”
Poirierite, a dense metastable polymorph of magnesium iron silicate in shocked meteorites
Authors: Tomioka Naotaka , Bindi Luca , Okuchi Takuo , Miyahara Masaaki , Iitaka Toshiaki , Li Zhi , Kawatsu Tsutomu , Xie Xiande , Purevjav Narangoo , Tani Riho , Kodama Yu
Published: January 2021

A dense magnesium iron silicate polymorph with a structure intermediate between olivine, ringwoodite, and wadsleyite was theoretically predicted about four decades ago. As this group of minerals constitute the major component of shocked meteorites, constraining their transitional forms and behaviour is of potential importance for understanding impact events on their parent bodies. Here we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses to identify naturally occurring examples of this mineral – recently named poirierite – in shocked chondritic meteorites. We observe nanoscale lamellar poirierite topotactically intergrown within wadsleyite, and additionally within ringwoodite as recently reported. Our results confirm the intermediate structure of poirierite and suggest it might be a relay point in the shear transformations between its polymorphs. We propose that poirierite formed during rapid decompression at relatively low temperature in retrograde shock metamorphism of the meteorites.
Insights into the deposition chemistry of Li ions in nonaqueous electrolyte for stable Li anodes
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Sun Zhenhua , Li Juan , Shi Ying , Sun Chengguo , An Baigang , Cheng Hui-Ming , Li Feng
Published: January 2021

Comprehensive understanding of the Li deposition chemistry from Li+to Li atom is crucial for suppressing dendrite formation and growth.
Iron-promoted dealkylative carbene aminocyclization of δ-arylamino-α-diazoesters
Authors: Solé Daniel , Amenta Arianna , Campos Cristina , Fernández Israel
Published: January 2021

In the presence of substoichiometric amounts of FeBr2, δ-arylamino-α-diazoesters undergo dealkylative aminocyclization to give N-aryl proline derivatives through a Fe(ii)–carbene intermediate.
Pilot-scale removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter from drinking water using ozonation followed by granular activated carbon
Authors: Ullberg Malin , Lavonen Elin , Köhler Stephan J. , Golovko Oksana , Wiberg Karin
Published: January 2021

Conventional drinking water treatment is inefficient in removing a large fraction of known organic micropollutants (OMPs). Ozonation in combination with granular activated carbon is a promising approach for addressing this issue.
A reversible and fast-responsive humidity sensor based on a lead-free Cs2TeCl6 double perovskite
Authors: Pi Chaojie , Yu Xue , Chen Weiqing , Yang Liuli , Wang Chao , Liu Zhichao , Wang Yiya , Qiu Jianbei , Liu Bitao , Xu Xuhui
Published: January 2021

Owing to their high conductivity and carrier mobility, the outstanding achievements of lead halide perovskites have been demonstrated in humidity sensor applications.
Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) with small molecules for the treatment of human diseases
Authors: Cheng Jing , Feng Xuexin , Li Zhiqiang , Zhou Feilong , Yang Jin-Ming , Zhao Yujun
Published: January 2021

This review summarizes structural features and key efficacy studies of NIK inhibitors, which justify the mechanism of action of such inhibitors in animal models driven by NIK overactivation.
The tridecaptins: non-ribosomal peptides that selectively target Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Bann Samantha J. , Ballantine Ross D. , Cochrane Stephen A.
Published: January 2021

Tridecaptins are a re-emerging class of non-ribosomal antibacterial peptides (NRAPs) with potent activity against highly problematic strains of Gram-negative bacteria.
Atomically precise vanadium-oxide clusters
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Petel Brittney E. , Schreiber Eric , Matson Ellen M.
Published: January 2021

Polyoxovanadate (POV) clusters are an important subclass of polyoxometalates with a broad range of molecular compositions and physicochemical properties.
Intrinsic spin–valley-coupled Dirac state in Janus functionalized β-BiAs monolayer
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Li Lingjun , Cui Leyuan , Shi Yongting , Song Tielei , Cai Jiangtao , Cui Xin , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun
Published: January 2021

Janus BrBiAsCl monolayer, an intrinsic svc-DSM without external modulation, has giant spin splitting and Rashba in-plane spin-momentum locking.
Structural, dynamical, and photochemical properties ofortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene inside a flexible MOF under visible light irradiation
Authors: Rödl Markus , Kerschbaumer Samuel , Kopacka Holger , Blaser Laura , Purtscher Felix R. S. , Huppertz Hubert , Hofer Thomas S. , Schwartz Heidi A.
Published: January 2021

Understanding isomer distribution of tF-AZB inside DMOF-1 as a function of host–guest and guest–guest interaction.
Correction: Triple-negative breast cancer suppressive activities, antioxidants and pharmacophore model of new acylated rhamnopyranoses from Premna odorata
Authors: Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Mohammed Rabab , Owis Asmaa I. , Hetta Mona H. , AboulMagd Asmaa M. , Siddique Abu Bakar , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Rateb Mostafa E. , El Sayed Khalid A. , Hassan Hossam M.
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Triple-negative breast cancer suppressive activities, antioxidants and pharmacophore model of new acylated rhamnopyranoses from Premna odorata’ by Abeer H. Elmaidomy et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 10584–10598. DOI: 10.1039/D0RA01697G
Using metavisualization to revise an explanatory model regarding a chemical reaction between ions
Authors: Locatelli Solange Wagner , Davidowitz Bette
Published: January 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the implementation of a metavisual strategy for students to revise and self-regulate concepts arising in a study of a chemical reaction between ions. For this purpose, two chemistry education undergraduate students at a Brazilian public university carried out an investigative activity, involving metavisual steps, to revise explanatory models at the submicro level. Students were given a problem, namely a reaction between ions drawn from a real-life situation and were provided with clay to construct an explanatory model of the submicro level for the initial and final stages of the reaction. The students were asked to compare their clay model with an example of a scientifically correct figure of the submicro level of the reaction generated by the researchers. At this stage students were given the option to reconstruct their model. Data were captured via photographs of the clay models and students’ verbal discussions as they proceeded through the activity. The findings reveal evidence of self-regulation of mental models at the submicro level, from the interaction of prior knowledge, chemical diagrams and discussions and reflections by the pair of students. Difficulties regarding chemical formulae were also observed in relation to the symbolic level. Finally, there are implications for teaching chemistry, since teachers in training need to experience metavisual strategies for future application in their classrooms.
Crystallization of semiflexible polymers in melts and solutions
Authors: Kos Pavel I. , Ivanov Viktor A. , Chertovich Alexander V.
Published: January 2021

We studied the crystallization of semiflexible polymer chains in melts and poor-solvent solutions with different concentrations by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) computer simulation technique.
Current-induced thermal tunneling electroluminescence via multiple donor–acceptor-pair recombination
Authors: Yan Yinzhou , Xing Cheng , Liu Wei , Wang Qiang , Xu Chunxiang , Jiang Yijian
Published: January 2021

Current-induced thermal tunneling electroluminescence from a highly-compensated ZnO:Ga microrod via multiple donor–acceptor-pair radiative recombination.
Correction: Ruthenium oxide coated ordered mesoporous carbon nanofiber arrays: a highly bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Guo Ziyang , Li Chao , Li Wangyu , Guo Hua , Su Xiuli , He Ping , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Ruthenium oxide coated ordered mesoporous carbon nanofiber arrays: a highly bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries’ by Ziyang Guo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 6282–6289, DOI: 10.1039/C6TA02030E.
Flux variability from ejecta in structured relativistic jets with large-scale magnetic fields
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Meliani Z. , Zech A. , Hervet O.
Published: January 2021

Context. Standing and moving shocks in relativistic astrophysical jets are very promising sites for particle acceleration to large Lorentz factors and for the emission from the radio up to the γ-ray band. They are thought to be responsible for at least part of the observed variability in radio-loud active galactic nuclei.

Aims. We aim to simulate the interactions of moving shock waves with standing recollimation shocks in structured and magnetized relativistic jets and to characterize the profiles of connected flares in the radio light curve.

Methods. Using the relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic code MPI-AMRVAC and a radiative transfer code in post-processing, we explore the influence of the magnetic-field configuration and transverse stratification of an over-pressured jet on its morphology, on the moving shock dynamics, and on the emitted radio light curve. First, we investigate different large-scale magnetic fields with their effects on the standing shocks and on the stratified jet morphology. Secondly, we study the interaction of a moving shock wave with the standing shocks. We calculated the synthetic synchrotron maps and radio light curves and analyze the variability at two frequencies 1 and 15.3 GHz and for several observation angles. Finally, we compare the characteristics of our simulated light curves with radio flares observed from the blazar 3C 273 with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and Very Long Baseline Array in the MOJAVE survey between 2008 and 2019.

Results. We find that in a structured over-pressured relativistic jet, the presence of the large-scale magnetic field structure changes the properties of the standing shock waves and leads to an opening in the jet. The interaction between waves from inner and outer jet components can produce strong standing shocks. When crossing such standing shocks, moving shock waves accompanying overdensities injected in the base of the jet cause very luminous radio flares. The observation of the temporal structure of these flares under different viewing angles probes the jet at different optical depths. At 1 GHz and for small angles, the self-absorption caused by the moving shock wave becomes more important and leads to a drop in the observed flux after it interacts with the brightest standing knot. A weak asymmetry is seen in the shape of the simulated flares, resulting from the remnant emission of the shocked standing shocks. The characteristics of the simulated flares and the correlation of peaks in the light curve with the crossing of moving and standing shocks favor this scenario as an explanation of the observed radio flares of 3C 273.
Growth Promotion and Increased ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Expression by Liraglutide in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line
MDA-MB-231
Authors: Shadboorestan Amir , Tarighi Parastoo , Koosha Mahsa , Faghihi Homa , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein , Montazeri Hamed
Published: January 2021

Background Glucagon-like petide-1 (GLP-1) agonists such as liraglutide
are widely employed in type 2 diabetes due to their glucose reducing
properties and small risk of hypoglycemia. Recently, it has been shown that
GLP-1agonists can inhibit breast cancer cells growth. Nonetheless, concerns
are remained about liraglutide tumor promoting effects as stated by
population studies.

Material and Methods We evaluated the effects liraglutide on
proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay and then ATP-binding cassette
(ABC) transporters expressions assessed by Real time PCR. Statistical
comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance followed by a post
hoc Dunnett test.

Results Here, we report that liraglutide can stimulate the growth of
highly invasive triple negative cell line MDA-MB-231; which can be
attributed to AMPK-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
happening in MDA-MB-231 context. Toxicity effects were only observed with
concentrations far above the serum liraglutide concentration. ATP-binding
cassette (ABC) transporters expressions were upregulated, indicating the
possible drug resistance and increased EMT.

Conclusion In conclusion, these results suggest that liraglutide
should be used with caution in patients who are suffering or have the
personal history of triple negative breast cancer. However, more detailed
studies are required to deepen understanding of liraglutide consequences in
triple negative breast cancer. ▶Graphical Abstract.