bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo Analysis of the Association of GFP-Expressing L. aethiopica and L. mexicana with Human Peripheral Blood-Derived (PBD) Leukocytes over 24 Hours
Authors: Ranatunga Medhavi , Deacon Andrew , Harbige Laurence S. , Dyer Paul , Boateng Joshua , Getti Giulia T. M.
Published: September 2024

Leishmania parasites are transmitted to mammalian hosts through the bite of sandflies. These parasites can infect phagocytic cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) and non-phagocytic cells (B cells and fibroblasts). In mice models, the disease development or resolution is linked to T cell responses involving inflammatory cytokines and the activation of macrophages with the M1/M2 phenotype. However, this mechanism does not apply to human infection where a more complex immunological response occurs. The understanding of interactions between immune cells during Leishmania infection in humans is still limited, as current infection models focus on individual cell types or late infection using controlled human infection models (CHIMs). This study investigated the early parasite infection in freshly isolated peripheral blood-derived (PBD) leukocytes over 24 h. Flow cytometer analysis is used in immunophenotyping to identify different subpopulations. The study found that among the L. aethiopicaGFP-associated leukocytes, most cells were neutrophils (55.87% ± 0.09 at 4 h) and monocytes (23.50% ± 0.05% at 24 h). B cells were 12.43% ± 0.10% at 24 h. Additionally, 10–20% of GFP+ leukocytes did not belong to the aforementioned cell types, and further investigation revealed their identity as CD4+ T cells. Data not only confirm previous findings of Leishmania infection with PBD leukocytes and association with B cells but also suggest that CD4+ T cells might influence the early-stage of infection.
Insights on Prioritization Methods for Mining Exploration Areas: A Case Study of the Tiltil Mining District, Chile
Authors: Molina Claudio Sebastián , Marquardt Carlos Jorge , Jara José Joaquín , Faúndez Patricio Ignacio
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a simple and replicable methodology to prioritize mining exploration projects based on their geoscientific characteristics and contextual factors, which can be adapted to different mining contexts. Using the Tiltil Mining District in Central Chile as a case study, where over 100 small and medium-sized Au and Cu prospects exist, this research outlines three key stages: (1) collection of relevant data; (2) selection of the most appropriate multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDMs); and (3) the application, analysis, and comparison of these methods. This study identifies AHP and PROMETHEE II as the most suitable MCDM for the case study. The application of these methods consistently ranked El Huracán, San Aurelio, and La Despreciada as the top three exploration priorities. The AHP’s weight assignment highlights economic, geological, and social factors as the most critical variables in determining project viability.
Adaptive Multi-Objective Resource Allocation for Edge-Cloud Workflow Optimization Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lahza Husam , B R Sreenivasa , Lahza Hassan Fareed M. , J Shreyas
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the transformative impact of smart intelligence, leveraging the Internet of Things and edge-cloud platforms in smart urban development. Smart urban development, by integrating diverse digital technologies, generates substantial data crucial for informed decision-making in disaster management and effective urban well-being. The edge-cloud platform, with its dynamic resource allocation, plays a crucial role in prioritizing tasks, reducing service delivery latency, and ensuring critical operations receive timely computational power, thereby improving urban services. However, the current method has struggled to meet the strict quality of service (QoS) requirements of complex workflow applications. In this study, these shortcomings in edge-cloud are addressed by introducing a multi-objective resource optimization (MORO) scheduler for diverse urban setups. This scheduler, with its emphasis on granular task prioritization and consideration of diverse makespans, costs, and energy constraints, underscores the complexity of the task and the need for a sophisticated solution. The multi-objective makespan–energy optimization is achieved by employing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model. The simulation results indicate consistent improvements with average makespan enhancements of 31.6% and 70.09%, average cost reductions of 62.64% and 73.24%, and average energy consumption reductions of 25.02% and 17.77%, respectively, by MORO over-reliability enhancement strategies for workflow scheduling (RESWS) and multi-objective priority workflow scheduling (MOPWS) for SIPHT workflow. Similarly, consistent improvements with average makespan enhancements of 37.98% and 74.44%, average cost reductions of 65.53% and 74.89%, and average energy consumption reductions of 29.52% and 24.73%, respectively, by MORO over RESWS and MOPWS for CyberShake workflow, highlighting the proposed model’s efficiency gains. These findings substantiate the model’s potential to enhance computational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve energy conservation in real-world smart urban scenarios.
Polyphenols Investigation and Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Species from Southwest Romania Flora
Authors: Bejenaru Ludovic Everard , Biţă Andrei , Mogoşanu George Dan , Segneanu Adina-Elena , Radu Antonia , Ciocîlteu Maria Viorica , Bejenaru Cornelia
Published: September 2024

Rosemary is one of the most important medicinal plants for natural therapy due to its multiple pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, antitumor, hepato- and nephroprotective, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, anti-ischemic, hypoglycemic, radioprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, and wound healing properties. Our study reports for the first time, over a 12-month period, the identification and quantification of polyphenols and the investigation of the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the Rosmarinus officinalis L. species harvested at flowering from the flora of southwestern Romania (Oltenia Region). Identification and quantification of polyphenolic acids was made by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). Total phenolic content was determined using the spectrophotometric method. In situ antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and AChE inhibitory assay, respectively, on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates. DPPH radical scavenging activity was also assessed spectrophotometrically. The results revealed significant correlations between specific polyphenolic compounds and the measured biological activities, understanding the role of seasonal variations and providing insights into the optimal harvesting times and medicinal benefits of rosemary. Our research brings new information on the phytochemical profile of R. officinalis as a natural source of polyphenols with antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties.
Pyrrolidine, Piperazine, and Diazinane Alkaloids from the Marine Bacterium Strain Vibrio ruber ZXR-93
Authors: Zha Xiangru , Li Yang , Zhao Huange , Tan Yinfeng , Zhou Songlin
Published: September 2024

Four new alkaloids, vibripyrrolidine A (1), vibripiperazine A (2), and vibridiazinane A, B (3, 4), comprising one pyrrolidine, one piperazine, and two diazinane alkaloids, along with two known analogs (5, 6), were isolated from the marine bacterium Vibrio ruber ZXR-93 cultured in ISP2 medium. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectra, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 3–6 showed vigorous antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values ranging from 0.96 to 7.81 μg/mL. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited robust anti-inflammatory activity in vitro using the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. All compounds also showed moderate antineoplastic activity against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901).
Thermophysical Investigation of Multiform NiO Nanowalls@carbon Foam/1-Octadecanol Composite Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Wang Qingmeng , Cheng Xiaomin , Xiong Wen , Chen Xiaolan , Cheng Qianju
Published: September 2024

Multiform NiO nanowalls with a high specific surface area were constructed in situ on carbon foam (CF) to construct NiO@CF/OD composite phase change materials (CPCMs). The synthesis mechanism, microstructures, thermal management capability, and photothermal conversion of NiO@CF/OD CPCMs were systematically studied. Additionally, the collaborative enhancement effects of CF and multiform NiO nanowalls on the thermal properties of OD PCMs were also investigated. NiO@CF not only maintains the porous 3D network structure of CF, but also effectively prevents the aggregation of NiO nanosheets. The chemical structures of NiO@CF/OD CPCMs were analyzed using XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. When combined with CF and NiO nanosheets, OD has high compatibility with NiO@CF. The thermal conductivity of NiO@CF/OD-L CPCMs was 1.12 W/m·K, which is 366.7% higher than that of OD. The improvement in thermal conductivity of CPCMs was theoretically analyzed according to the Debye model. NiO@CF/OD-L CPCMs have a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 77.6%. This article provided a theoretical basis for the optimal design and performance prediction of thermal storage materials and systems.
Emerging Low Detection Limit of Optically Activated Gas Sensors Based on 2D and Hybrid Nanostructures
Authors: Odebowale Ambali Alade , Abdulghani Amer , Berhe Andergachew Mekonnen , Somaweera Dinelka , Akter Sanjida , Abdo Salah , As’ham Khalil , Saadabad Reza Masoudian , Tran Toan T. , Bishop David P. , Solntsev Alexander S. , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Hattori Haroldo T.
Published: September 2024

Gas sensing is essential for detecting and measuring gas concentrations across various environments, with applications in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and healthcare. The integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials, organic materials, and metal oxides has significantly advanced gas sensor technology, enhancing its sensitivity, selectivity, and response times at room temperature. This review examines the progress in optically activated gas sensors, with emphasis on 2D materials, metal oxides, and organic materials, due to limited studies on their use in optically activated gas sensors, in contrast to other traditional gas-sensing technologies. We detail the unique properties of these materials and their impact on improving the figures of merit (FoMs) of gas sensors. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), with their high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable band gap, show exceptional performance in gas detection, especially when activated by UV light. Graphene-based sensors also demonstrate high sensitivity and low detection limits, making them suitable for various applications. Although organic materials and hybrid structures, such as metal–organic frameworks (MoFs) and conducting polymers, face challenges related to stability and sensitivity at room temperature, they hold potential for future advancements. Optically activated gas sensors incorporating metal oxides benefit from photoactive nanomaterials and UV irradiation, further enhancing their performance. This review highlights the potential of the advanced materials in developing the next generation of gas sensors, addressing current research gaps and paving the way for future innovations.
Licorice Extract Isoliquiritigenin Protects Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhu Ruiwen , He Chufeng , Li Huixian , Zhang Qile , Cheung Yiu Ming , Leung Fung Ping , Wong Wing Tak
Published: September 2024

Endothelial dysfunction occurs prior to atherosclerosis, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Diabetes mellitus impairs endothelial function by triggering oxidative stress and inflammation in vascular tissues. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), one of the major bioactive ingredients extracted from licorice, has been reported to inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the therapeutic effects of ISL on ameliorating type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated endothelial dysfunction remain unknown. In our animal study, db/db male mice were utilized as a model for T2D-associated endothelial dysfunction, while their counterpart, heterozygote db/m+ male mice, served as the control. Mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (mBMECs) were used for in vitro experiments. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was used to induce endothelial cell dysfunction. ISL significantly reversed the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) in db/db mouse aortas. ISL treatment decreased ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels in db/db mice aortic sections and IL-1β-treated endothelial cells. Encouragingly, ISL attenuated the overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in db/db mouse aortas and IL-1β-impaired endothelial cells. The NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) overexpression was inhibited by ISL treatment. Notably, ISL treatment restored the expression levels of IL-10, SOD1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in db/db mouse aortas and IL-1β-impaired endothelial cells. This study illustrates, for the first time, that ISL attenuates endothelial dysfunction in T2D mice, offering new insights into the pharmacological effects of ISL. Our findings demonstrate the potential of ISL as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular diseases, paving the way for the further exploration of novel vascular therapies.
Frequent Use of Baby Food Pouches in Infants and Young Children and Associations with Energy Intake and BMI: An Observational Study
Authors: McLean Neve H. , Bruckner Bailey R. , Heath Anne-Louise M. , Haszard Jillian J. , Daniels Lisa , Conlon Cathryn A. , von Hurst Pamela R. , Beck Kathryn L. , Te Morenga LA , Firestone Ridvan , McArthur Jenny , Paul Rebecca , Cox Alice M. , Jones Emily A. , Katiforis Ioanna , Brown Kimberley J. , Casale Maria , Jupiterwala Rosario M. , Rowan Madeleine M. , Wei Andrea , Fangupo Louise J. , Healey Megan , Pulu Veisinia , Neha Tia , Taylor Rachael W.
Published: September 2024

Objective: Most wet commercial infant foods are now sold in squeezable ‘pouches’. While multiple expert groups have expressed concern about their use, it is not known how commonly they are consumed and whether they impact energy intake or body mass index (BMI). The objectives were to describe pouch use, and determine associations with energy intake and BMI, in infants and young children. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study of 933 young New Zealand children (6.0 months–3.9 years), pouch use was assessed by a questionnaire (‘frequent’ use was consuming food from a baby food pouch ≥5 times/week in the past month), usual energy intake using two 24-h recalls, and BMI z-score calculated using World Health Organization standards. Results: The sample broadly represented the wider population (27.1% high socioeconomic deprivation, 22.5% Māori). Frequent pouch use declined with age (infants 27%, toddlers 16%, preschoolers 8%). Few children were both frequent pouch users and regularly used the nozzle (infants 5%, toddlers 13%, preschoolers 8%). Preschoolers who were frequent pouch users consumed significantly less energy than non-users (−580 kJ [−1094, −67]), but infants (115 [−35, 265]) and toddlers (−206 [−789, 378]) did not appear to have a different energy intake than non-users. There were no statistically significant differences in the BMI z-score by pouch use. Conclusions: These results do not support the strong concerns expressed about their use, particularly given the lack of evidence for higher energy intake or BMI.
Legacy in End-of-Life Care: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Timóteo Carolina , Vitorino Joel , Ali Amira Mohammed , Laranjeira Carlos
Published: September 2024

Comprehending the significance of legacy in end-of-life (EoL) situations helps palliative care professionals enhance person-centered outcomes for those with a life-threatening illness and their families. Our purpose was to conduct a concept analysis of legacy in EoL care. By employing Walker and Avant’s approach, we identified the concept’s defining characteristics. Subsequently, we established the antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. After conducting a thorough review of titles and abstracts, a total of 30 publications were analyzed. These articles were sourced from three databases (CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, and Scopus) from 2002 to 2023. Our analysis identified several core attributes of legacy: (a) leave behind something of value that transcends death; (b) determine how people want to be remembered; (c) build and bestow across generations; (d) integrate advance care planning through EoL conversations and shared decision-making; and (e) develop strategies of dignity-conserving care. The consequences are related to improvements in spiritual and subjective well-being; coping with inevitable EoL existential issues; decreases in EoL suffering; engendering self-awareness, hope, gratitude, and peace; achieving and maintaining dignity; creating good memories; promoting mutually constructive and transformative relationships; and fostering the adjustment of bereaved people. Nevertheless, further effort is required to implement the key attributes of legacy that form the basis for creating legacy-oriented interventions near the EoL.
Weekend Variation in Ultra-Processed Food Intake of Patients after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Oliveira Ana Debora , Barros Maykon , Silva-Júnior André , Lopes Natália , Macena Mateus , Bueno Nassib
Published: September 2024

This study analyzed changes in ultra-processed food consumption patterns during weekends in patients in the post-metabolic and bariatric surgery periods. It is a cross-sectional study, which recruited and collected data via social media from adults who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery. The Brazil Food and Nutritional Surveillance System markers of dietary consumption and the NOVA Ultra-Processed Food Screening tools were applied to evaluate dietary patterns and ultra-processed food consumption from the previous day. A total of 1525 participants were included, with a mean age of 38 ± 8 years and a mean body mass index of 29.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2. From these, 766 (50.3%) individuals answered the questionnaire referring to a weekend day. After adjusting for confounders, ultra-processed food consumption was higher on weekends compared to weekdays (NOVA Score 3.07 vs. 2.42; p < 0.01). The consumption of fruits and vegetables was lower on weekends, whereas the consumption of hamburgers/sausages, sugar-sweetened beverages, boxed/canned juice, and frozen pizza increased on weekends. Instant noodles and sandwich cookies did not show differences between weekdays and weekend days. This pattern suggests the need to monitor eating habits on weekends in individuals after metabolic and bariatric surgery.
Natural Therapeutic Agents’ Efficacy in Preventive Strategies against the Periodontal Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hermes Sima , Alatwan Sham , Johansson Anders , Bogren Anna
Published: September 2024

Adolescent carriers of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype have an increased risk of developing periodontitis, due to the bacterium’s high leukotoxin (LtxA) production. LtxA contributes to marginal bone loss by killing immunity cells, thus activating the proinflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which, in turn, activates the osteoclasts. A possible strategy to prevent periodontitis might be to neutralize LtxA in JP2-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether extracts from Matcha or Guava leaves can prolong the viability of macrophages in cell cultures by neutralizing the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype bacteria. The A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype was pretreated with extracts from either Matcha or Guava leaves. Later, the extracts were rinsed off, before JP2 bacteria were exposed to macrophage cell cultures. The experiment was repeated, where JP2 bacteria were persistently treated with the extracts instead, i.e., the extracts were not rinsed off. The macrophage viability after bacterial exposure was analyzed and compared with that of macrophages exposed to untreated JP2 bacteria. IL-1β secretion in the cell culture medium was quantified in all group samples. Pretreatment of the A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype with Matcha or Guava leaf extracts moderately neutralized LtxA activity, which resulted in prolonged macrophage viability and decreased IL-1β secretion. These effects of prolonged macrophage viability were enhanced when extracts were persistently present during the exposure period. The results indicate that Matcha and Guava leaf extracts have effects on the virulence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype that may be useful in future treatment strategies to prevent periodontitis in JP2 bacterium carriers.
Group B Streptococcus Infections in Non-Pregnant Adults, Italy, 2015–2019
Authors: Imperi Monica , Gherardi Giovanni , Alfarone Giovanna , Creti Roberta
Published: September 2024

Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) is a pathogen of increasing importance in adults. Severe and invasive cases in non-pregnant adults were collected during the period 2015–2019 by voluntary-based surveillance. In total, 108 GBS strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized for the serotype, antimicrobial resistance, pili, surface protein genes, and the hyper-virulent adhesin hvgA. Patients were divided into two age groups: adults (18–64 years; n = 32) and older adults (≥65 years; n = 72). The average age was 70.8 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.7. Most isolates were recovered from cases of bacteremia (blood, n = 93), and a higher frequency of invasive GBS infections (iGBS) was found among older adults (66.7%). Serotype III was the most frequent (n = 41, 38%), followed by type Ia and type V (n = 20 each, 18.5%). Serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V accounted for all but one isolates (99.1%). The iGBS isolates were universally susceptible to penicillin, while the prevalence of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and high-level gentamicin resistance was 26.8%, 24.1%, 85.2%, and 5.5%, respectively, with the predominance of the erm(B) gene for macrolide resistance and the tet(M) gene for tetracycline resistance. The associations between the serotypes/antimicrobial resistance/virulence traits underlined the increasing importance of serotype III and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance as well as the steady increase over time of serotype IV. This nationwide study confirmed the need for monitoring the GBS epidemiology in non-pregnant adults through continuous surveillance of GBS infections.
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A and Free β-Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin in Relation with Oxidative Stress in Obese Pregnant Women: A Clinical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dimitrov Vanja , Mikerova Maria , Reshetnikov Vladimir , Mikhailovsky Victor , Raicevic Sasa , Bolevich Sergey , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Nikolic Turnic Tamara
Published: September 2024

Background: The pathophysiological mechanism underlying pregnancy complications is not entirely known. Although it is currently impossible to predict the occurrence of redox imbalance, it is possible to identify women with a high or medium risk of developing this disease prior to a negative outcome by non-invasive diagnostic methods. The Aim: This study aimed to examine the possible role of the parameter of oxidative stress (OS) measured in early pregnancy in the screening/treatment of obesity and its complications during pregnancy. Methods: This research was designed as a prospective observational cross-sectional clinical study which included 40 non-obese and 31 obese pregnant women between 11 and 13 g.w. who were managed in the Department of Obstetrics, University Clinical Center Kragujevac in Serbia. We collected anthropometric and clinical indicators, maternal and pregnancy factors, and measured prooxidative parameters from blood samples. Results: We observed significantly increased levels of the superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and the index of lipid peroxidation in the Obese group in comparison with the Non-Obese group and significantly decreased bioavailability of nitrites in the Obese group in comparison with the Non-Obese group. Conclusions: The determination of systemic parameters of OS in early pregnancy could be a good methodological approach in the screening/treatment of obesity during pregnancy and this approach should be followed for the screening of endothelial dysfunction in pregnancy which needs further monitoring and/or treatment.
Clomiphene Citrate Treatment as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Male Hypogonadism: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Wu Yao-Cheng , Sung Wen-Wei
Published: September 2024

Male hypogonadism, which is characterized by low testosterone levels, has a significant impact on male sexual function, overall health, and fertility. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the conventional treatment for this condition, but it has potential adverse effects and is not suitable for men seeking to conceive. Testosterone plays an essential role in male sexual function, metabolism, mood, and overall well-being. Clomiphene citrate, a drug originally developed for female infertility, has recently gained attention as an off-label treatment for male hypogonadism. By blocking the negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, clomiphene stimulates gonadotropin secretion, leading to increased endogenous testosterone production, which, in turn, improves sperm parameters and fertility and alleviates the symptoms of hypogonadism. Regarding the safety profile of clomiphene compared with TRT, clomiphene appears to confer a lower risk than TRT, which is associated with adverse effects such as polycythemia. Furthermore, combination therapy with clomiphene and anastrozole or human chorionic gonadotropin has been investigated as a potential approach to enhancing the effectiveness of treatments for improving hypogonadism symptoms. In conclusion, clomiphene citrate may offer a promising alternative to TRT for men with hypogonadism, particularly those desiring fertility preservations. However, its long-term efficacy and safety remain inadequately understood. Future research should focus on exploring the benefits of combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient characteristics.
Magnetic Nanoparticles with On-Site Azide and Alkyne Functionalized Polymer Coating in a Single Step through a Solvothermal Process
Authors: Mora-Cabello Romualdo , Fuentes-Ríos David , Gago Lidia , Cabeza Laura , Moscoso Ana , Melguizo Consolación , Prados José , Sarabia Francisco , López-Romero Juan Manuel
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming more important every day. We prepared MNPs in a simple one-step reaction by following the solvothermal method, assisted by azide and alkyne functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG400) polymers, as well as by PEG6000 and the polyol β-cyclodextrin (βCD), which played a crucial role as electrostatic stabilizers, providing polymeric/polyol coatings around the magnetic cores. Methods: The composition, morphology, and magnetic properties of the nanospheres were analyzed using Transmission Electron and Atomic Force Microscopies (TEM, AFM), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Diffraction Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). Results: The obtained nanoparticles (@Fe3O4-PEGs and @Fe3O4-βCD) showed diameters between 90 and 250 nm, depending on the polymer used and the Fe3O4·6H2O precursor concentration, typically, 0.13 M at 200 °C and 24 h of reaction. MNPs exhibited superparamagnetism with high saturation mass magnetization at room temperature, reaching values of 59.9 emu/g (@Fe3O4-PEG6000), and no ferromagnetism. Likewise, they showed temperature elevation after applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF), obtaining Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values of up to 51.87 ± 2.23 W/g for @Fe3O4-PEG6000. Additionally, the formed systems are susceptible to click chemistry, as was demonstrated in the case of the cannabidiol-propargyl derivative (CBD-Pro), which was synthesized and covalently attached to the azide functionalized surface of @Fe3O4-PEG400-N3. Prepared MNPs are highly dispersible in water, PBS, and citrate buffer, remaining in suspension for over 2 weeks, and non-toxic in the T84 human colon cancer cell line, Conclusions: indicating that they are ideal candidates for biomedical applications.
Higgs Boson Searches at the LHC Beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Sopczak André
Published: September 2024

The latest results of Higgs boson searches beyond the Standard Model from the ATLAS and CMS experiments are reviewed. This includes searches for additional neutral, charged, and double charged Higgs-like bosons, searches for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson, and searches for new physics in Higgs boson production and decay processes. Interpretations are given within the hMSSM, a special parameterization of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, in which the mass of the lightest Higgs boson is set to the value of 125 GeV measured at the LHC.
Comparative Studies for Cryopreservation of Agave Shoot Tips by Droplet-Vitrification
Authors: Delgado-Aceves Lourdes , Corona Santiago , Marin-Castro Ubaldo Richard , Rascón-Díaz Martha Paola , Portillo Liberato , Gutiérrez-Mora Antonia , González-Arnao María Teresa
Published: September 2024

The objective of this work was to assess the suitability of the Droplet-vitrification protocol previously developed with Agave peacockii shoot tips for the cryopreservation of six Agave species. Shoot tips were precultured for 1 day on a medium with 0.3 M sucrose in the dark, loaded in a solution with 1.6 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min, and dehydrated by exposure to Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) at 0 °C for 20 min. Complementary studies using histological analysis, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evaluation of morphological characteristics in cryo-derived plants were performed. Survival rates ranged from 84% to 100% and from 76% to 97% before and after cryopreservation regardless of the Agave species belonging to two taxonomic subgenera. Thermal analysis of shoot tips subjected to the successive steps of the Droplet-vitrification protocol identified ice crystal formation after loading treatment and glass transition after osmotic dehydration with PVS2. The average glass transition temperature (Tg) was −55.44 °C based on the results of four Agave species. The histological studies showed the anatomical differences that could be found in the meristematic structures depending on the loss of apical dominance. This is the most advanced research on cryopreservation of Agave shoot tips.
Methylene Blue Degradation Using Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Kim Hae Kwang , Yang Geon Woo , Hong Yong Cheol
Published: September 2024

Methylene blue (C16H18ClN3) dye can be decomposed using non-thermal plasma. However, there is a problem in that the maintenance of electrodes and dielectrics is necessary due to the durability and heat generation problems due to the high temperatures. Therefore, in this study, a comparative experiment was performed between the flat DBD plasma module and the diffuser DBD module under the same conditions. For methylene blue decomposition, the characteristic changes in the air flow rate, ozone production rate, energy consumption rate, and decomposition rate were compared. In the experiment, 7 L water was placed in a 15 L reactor, and measurements were performed for approximately 1 h. We performed the same process by setting the initial methylene blue concentration to 143 mg/L. According to the results, the flat DBD module achieved a decomposition rate of 100% in 40 min, an energy yield of 46.7 g/kWh, and an ozone generation amount of 6.5 g/h. The diffuser DBD module achieved a decomposition rate of 90%, an energy production of 24.6 g/kWh, and an ozone generation of 1.97 g/h in 60 min.
Assessing the Aesthetic Performance of CAD/CAM Provisional Restorative Materials: A Spectrophotometric Analysis
Authors: Silvério Sónia , Gomes Catarina , Martins Francisco , Reis José Alexandre , Maurício Paulo Durão , Maté-Sánchez de Val José Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Achieving color match between natural teeth and restorative materials is crucial in dentistry. Factors such as the light source, brightness, and opacity influence tooth color, determined by light absorption and scattering within the material. Advances in CAD/CAM systems have enhanced prosthodontic treatments, particularly with new temporary materials, but data on their color stability and masking ability remains limited. However, data on the color stability and masking ability of these CAD/CAM materials is limited. Telio® CAD-Temp and VITA CAD-Temp® blocks were cut into slices and polished. Composite resin specimens were prepared using a custom-designed metal resin former and light-cured. Samples were paired randomly and assigned to experimental groups based on base type and thickness (n = 30). Samples were stored in a controlled environment for 24 h before color evaluation using an EasyShade® V spectrophotometer. Color difference (ΔE) was calculated using L*, a*, and b* values. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and three-way ANOVA, with post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni method (α = 0.05). ΔE was classified according to perceptibility (PT = 1.2) and acceptability (AT = 2.7) values.
Nanocomposites of Poly(n-Butyl Acrylate) with Fe3O4: Crosslinking with Hindered Urea Bonds, Reprocessing and Related Functional Properties
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Huaming , Shen Xibin , Hang Guohua , Gao Yuan , Hu Jiawei , Zheng Sixun
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of the nanocomposites of poly(n-butyl acrylate) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) via dynamic crosslinking of poly(n-butyl acrylate)-grafted Fe3O4 NPs with hindered urea bonds (HUBs). Towards this end, the surfaces of Fe3O4 NPs were grafted with poly(n-butyl acrylate-ran-2-(3-tert-butyl-3-ethylureido)ethyl acrylate) chains [denoted as Fe3O4-g-P(BA-r-TBEA)] via living radical polymerization. Thereafter, 1,2-bis(tert-butyl)ethylenediamine was used as a crosslinker to afford the organic–inorganic networks with variable contents of Fe3O4 NPs and crosslinking densities. It was found that the fine dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs in the matrix of poly(n-butyl acrylate) was achieved. The nanocomposites exhibited excellent reprocessing properties, attributed to the introduction of HUBs. Owing to the crosslinking, the nanocomposites displayed excellent shape memory properties. Further, the nanocomposites possessed photo- and magnetic–thermal properties, which were inherited from Fe3O4 NPs. These functional properties allow triggering the shape shifting of the nanocomposites in an uncontacted fashion.
A Current Trend in Efficient Biopolymer Coatings for Edible Fruits to Enhance Shelf Life
Authors: Vanaraj Ramkumar , Suresh Kumar Subburayan Manickavasagam , Mayakrishnan Gopiraman , Rathinam Balamurugan , Kim Seong Cheol
Published: September 2024

In recent years, biopolymer coatings have emerged as an effective approach for extending the shelf life of edible fruits. The invention of biopolymer coverings has emerged as an innovation for extending fruit shelf life. Natural polymers, like chitosan, alginate, and pectin, are used to create these surfaces, which have several uses, including creating a barrier that prevents water evaporation, the spread of living microbes, and respiratory movement. These biopolymer coatings’ primary benefits are their environmental friendliness and lack of damage. This study highlights the advancements made in the creation and usage of biopolymer coatings, highlighting how well they preserve fruit quality, reduce post-harvest losses, and satisfy consumer demand for natural preservation methods. This study discusses the usefulness of the biopolymer coating in terms of preserving fruit quality, reducing waste, and extending the product’s shelf life. Biopolymer coatings’ potential as a sustainable solution for synthetic preservatives in the fruit sector is highlighted as are formulation process advances that combine natural ingredients and environmental implications. This essay focuses on the essential methods, such as new natural additives, as well as the environmental effect of biopolymer coatings, which are safe and healthy commercial alternatives.
Crystal Structure, Photophysical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of a Cd(II) Complex with Trans-2,3,4-Trimethoxycinnamic Acid and 4,4′-Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Wang Linyu , Han Xiao , Liu Qun , Li Jianye , He Zhifang
Published: September 2024

A new coordination polymer {[Cd(C12H13O5)2(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)2]}n (Cd-Tmca-bpy) was constructed with trans-2,3,4-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (HTmca) and 4,4′-Bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) ligands. This complex was structurally characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. X-ray crystallography revealed that the complex was monoclinic, space group C2/c. The Cd(II) ion in the complex was six coordinated, adopting an octahedron geometry. The neighboring Cd(II) ions linked linear ligand 4,4′-bpy molecules to form an infinite 1D chain. The 1D chain was further interlinked by O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a 3-D supramolecular framework. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence spectrum of the Cd(II) complex at room temperature exhibited an emission maximum at 475 nm. Using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method, the electronic absorption spectra of the Cd(II) complex was predicted. A good agreement was achieved between the predicted spectra and the experimental data. Bioactivity studies showed that the complex exhibited significant inhibition halos against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
Thermal Stability Improvement of Cu-Based Catalyst by Hydrophobic Modification in Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Ma Futao , Liu Jingjing , Chen Kaixuan , Cheng Zhenmin
Published: September 2024

Water can cause the growth and oxidation of Cu nanoparticles on the surface of Cu-based catalysts, leading to their deactivation. However, during methanol synthesis process from syngas on Cu-based catalysts, water is inevitably produced as a by-product due to the presence of CO2. Therefore, enhancing the stability of Cu-based catalysts during the reaction, particularly in the presence of water, is crucial. In this study, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 was first subjected to wet etching and then hydrophobically modified using the sol–gel method with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and the grafting method with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroalkyltriethoxysilanes (PFOTES) as modifiers. These modifications aimed to mitigate the impact of water on the catalyst and improve its stability. After modification, the catalysts exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and enhanced catalytic activity in the methanol synthesis process. The surface physical properties, composition, and thermal stability of the catalysts before and after hydrophobic modification were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, BET, XRD and TGA. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to compare the diffusion behavior of water molecules on the catalyst surfaces before and after hydrophobic modification. The results indicated that the modified catalyst surface formed a micro/nano structure composed of nanosheets and nanosheet clusters, while the hydrophobic modification did not alter the structure of the catalyst. According to the results of simulations, the hydrophobic layers on the modified catalysts were able to expel water quickly from the surfaces and reduce the relative concentration of water molecules at the active sites, thereby improving the stability of the catalyst. Notably, the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of the PFOTES-modified catalyst were superior to those of the MTMS-modified catalyst, resulting in a more significant enhancement in catalyst stability, which aligned with the experimental results.
RETRACTED: Wan Basri et al. A Sugarcane-Bagasse-Based Adsorbent Employed for Mitigating Eutrophication Threats and Producing Biodiesel Simultaneously. Processes 2019, 7, 572
Authors: Wan Basri Wan Nurain Farahah , Daud Hanita , Lam Man Kee , Cheng Chin Kui , Oh Wen Da , Tan Wen Nee , Shaharun Maizatul Shima , Yeong Yin Fong , Paman Ujang , Kusakabe Katsuki , Abdul Kadir Evizal , Show Pau Loke , Lim Jun Wei
Published: September 2024

The journal retracts the article titled “A Sugarcane-Bagasse-Based Adsorbent Employed for Mitigating Eutrophication Threats and Producing Biodiesel Simultaneously” [...]
Dilation Potential Analysis of Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoir under Water Injection in the West Oilfield of the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Huan , Cao Yanfeng , Yu Jifei , Ma Yingwen , Gao Yanfang , Wu Shaowei , Yuan Hui , Zou Minghua , Li Dengke , Yan Xinjiang , Peng Jianlin
Published: September 2024

At present, many offshore oil fields are facing problems, such as pollution-induced near-well zone blockage, poor inter-well connectivity, and strong vertical heterogeneity, which lead to insufficient formation energy and low production in the middle and late stages of development. It is necessary to develop a new technology to overcome these issues. In this regard, water-injection-induced dilation technology, which was already proven to have positive effects on loose sandstone reservoirs, was controversially applied to an offshore low-permeability reservoir. To investigate whether the water-injection-induced dilation technology is suitable, experiments were conducted to analyze the dilation potential of offshore low-permeability sandstone reservoirs, namely, X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analysis, physical simulation, computed tomography scan, and electron microscope scanning experiments. The X-ray diffraction experiments showed that the samples had more than 80% non-clay mineral content and a high brittleness index, which meant more complex microfractures under water injection. Particle size analysis experiments revealed that the particle size was mainly between 10 μm and 100 μm, and thus belonged to coarse silty sand. According to the sorting grade, the sample particle size distribution was uniform and the reservoir was more prone to dilation. The true triaxial physical simulation showed that a volumetric dilation zone occurred around the wellbore, where complicated microfractures occurred. This paper provides adequate evidence and mechanisms of dilation potential for an offshore low-permeability sandstone reservoir.
Evaluation of a Recycling Strategy for Polymer-Bonded Magnets Based on Thermosets
Authors: Rösel Uta , Drummer Dietmar
Published: September 2024

Polymer-bonded magnets are increasingly being used in terms of applications in drive technology and, more specifically, in new concepts based on reluctance motors. The increasing demand for polymer-bonded magnets, especially in the context of electromobility, is leading to a shortage of materials, mainly in terms of the finite resource neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB). So far, the recycling strategy for polymer-bonded magnets based on thermosets is pyrolysis, which leads to either a massive reduction of the magnetic properties or a high energy requirement. Therefore, the paper investigates an alternative recycling strategy for polymer-bonded magnets based on thermosets based on the reusage of shreds. Several influencing factors such as the form of the carrier material and the temperature level were varied in order to find a suitable recycling method. It was found that the magnetic properties were reduced by at least 15% compared to the pure material. The required energy and the CO2 emission were reduced by 90% compared to the pyrolysis. Thus, the strategy of recycling polymer-bonded magnets based on thermosets by the reusage of shreds leads to improved conditions compared to pyrolysis and is, therefore, a suitable alternative.
The Word of Life and the Simultaneous Presence of Scriptural Allusions: Resonances of Phil 2:12–18 with Deuteronomy, Deutero-Isaiah, and Daniel
Authors: Dürr Simon
Published: September 2024

In recent scholarship on Philippians, there is renewed interest in Paul’s use of Israel’s Scriptures. While the separate textual interactions between Phil 2:12–18 and its evoked texts have been explored in detail by McAuley and others, this article attends to the simultaneous presence of the allusions to Deuteronomy, Deutero-Isaiah, and Daniel as a contribution to a coherent overall pragmatics, which does not, however, reduce the allusive force of scriptural passages. Attention to the composite nature of Paul’s scriptural intertext discovers the motif of the word of God as a central concern of the evoked texts, which has implications for the interpretation of the word of life in Phil 2:16.
Using a Guidance Virtual Fixture on a Soft Robot to Improve Ureteroscopy Procedures in a Phantom
Authors: Lai Chun-Feng , De Momi Elena , Ferrigno Giancarlo , Dankelman Jenny
Published: September 2024

Manipulating a flexible ureteroscope is difficult, due to its bendable body and hand–eye coordination problems, especially when exploring the lower pole of the kidney. Though robotic interventions have been adopted in various clinical scenarios, they are rarely used in ureteroscopy. This study proposes a teleoperation system consists of a soft robotic endoscope together with a Guidance Virtual Fixture (GVF) to help users explore the kidney’s lower pole. The soft robotic arm was a cable-driven, 3D-printed design with a helicoid structure. GVF was dynamically constructed using video streams from an endoscopic camera. With a haptic controller, GVF can provide haptic feedback to guide the users in following a trajectory. In the user study, participants were asked to follow trajectories when the soft robotic arm was in a retroflex posture. The results suggest that the GVF can reduce errors in the trajectory tracking tasks when the users receive the proper training and gain more experience. Based on the NASA Task Load Index questionnaires, most participants preferred having the GVF when manipulating the robotic arm. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the benefits and potential of using a robotic arm with a GVF. More research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of the GVFs and the robotic endoscope in ureteroscopic procedures.