bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bringing templates to life: overcoming obstacles to the organizational implementation of Agile methods
Authors: Durbin Michael , Niederman Fred
Published: March 2022

Agile software development methods have become accepted as a template for organizations to create new products. Though generally viewed as an aid to productivity, there are a number of barriers to experiencing their full benefit. One such barrier pertains to the implementation of agile methods across the range of organizational levels from the use of tools to culture, norms, and policies creating the context within which projects are performed. This essay examines in detail the experiences of one expert at integrating agile technique, approach, and philosophy into the broader organizational setting. Numerous particular lessons and prescriptions result from this discussion. Turning around the grounded theory approach where numerous individuals are interrogated mildly in regard to a particular phenomenon, the discussion surfaced in this paper results from repeated interviews with one domain expert. Lessons and comments are organized into four sections: individual team member, organization, transitioning, and tools and techniques.
Satisficing in Time-Sensitive Bandit Learning
Authors: Russo Daniel , Van Roy Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Much of the recent literature on bandit learning focuses on algorithms that aim to converge on an optimal action. One shortcoming is that this orientation does not account for time sensitivity, which can play a crucial role when learning an optimal action requires much more information than near-optimal ones. Indeed, popular approaches, such as upper-confidence-bound methods and Thompson sampling, can fare poorly in such situations. We consider instead learning a satisficing action, which is near-optimal while requiring less information, and propose satisficing Thompson sampling, an algorithm that serves this purpose. We establish a general bound on expected discounted regret and study the application of satisficing Thompson sampling to linear and infinite-armed bandits, demonstrating arbitrarily large benefits over Thompson sampling. We also discuss the relation between the notion of satisficing and the theory of rate distortion, which offers guidance on the selection of satisficing actions.
Do Something or Do Nothing? Anatomical Variants and Incidental Findings on Cone Beam CT. Part 2: Beyond the Dento-alveolar Complex and Neighbouring Structures
Authors: Makdissi Jimmy , Loughlin Amanda , Adams Ashok , Dungarwalla Mohammed M
Published: March 2022

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a popular and often indispensable imaging modality used for the dento-alveolar tissues and immediate surrounding structures. It can be used across several dental disciplines including endodontics, implant planning, oral surgery and orthodontics. Furthermore, it is commonly used in the medical specialties of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery. In part 1 of this series, we described some of the common incidental findings found in the dento-alveolar complex and immediate neighbouring structures. Part 2 looks further afield and depicts some common and important incidental findings and anatomical variants that can be found on larger fields of view.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many incidental findings are innocuous, yet their recognition and documentation are essential because some will warrant medical or surgical intervention.
A Spot of Bother: Orthodontic-associated White Spot Lesions
Authors: Murphy Ian , Sharif Mohammad Owaise
Published: March 2022

White spot lesions (WSL) are a commonly reported risk of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. This article reviews the incidence, aetiology and effectiveness of prevention and management of WSLs with a relevant case report. An adolescent male had fixed-appliance treatment and developed WSLs, despite prevention advice and careful monitoring, the WSLs progressed and ultimately led to the need for early removal of his orthodontic appliances. Removal of appliances prevented further damage and allowed partial resolution of the WSLs.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Careful monitoring of a patient's dental health during orthodontic treatment is essential; however, if oral health deteriorates, and demineralization occurs, rapid decisive action is necessary to limit irreversible damage.
Interceptive Management of Palatally Displaced Canines: Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Alkadhimi Aslam , Ahn John , Power Susan
Published: March 2022

The orthodontic alignment of palatally displaced canines (PDC) can be complex, with potential dental and soft tissue morbidity. Early diagnosis and provision of appropriate interceptive treatment has been shown to reduce the need for surgical exposure and extensive orthodontic treatment. This article reviews the current literature to gain insight into best available research evidence on all types of interceptive measures for the management of PDCs. Other perspectives of the PDC including development, aetiology and assessment are also be discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Interceptive management of PDCs by extracting primary predecessors requires an assessment of the determinant prognostic factors for treatment success and to avoid the removal of primary canines where improvement in PDC is unlikely or where retention of the primary tooth may be the preferred long-term option.
Cardiac arrest resources that improve patient outcomes
Authors: Phillips Joel
Published: March 2022

Survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the UK are low compared with other developed countries. UK ambulance services are in an important position to influence these survival rates by improving their ‘chain of survival’ (Nolan et al, 2006). A paramedic-led resource, with enhanced technical and non-technical skills specialising in OHCAs, has been shown to improve patient outcomes in this population group in the UK. The author proposes that this concept should be considered by all UK ambulance services to improve OHCA patient survival.
Access, Efficiency, Inconvenience, and Scarcity as Issues of Online and Distance Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Gnawali Yagya Prasad , Upadhayaya Parshu Ram , Sharma Bishnu , Belbase Shashidhar
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to explore online and distance learning (ODL) issues related to higher education during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Nepal. We applied an online survey design with a five-point Likert scale. We surveyed 71 (57 male and 14 female) postgraduate students in science education at a public higher education institution in Kathmandu, Nepal. A Principal Component Analysis identified four major constructs as the components of ODL issues. They are scarcity, efficiency, access, and inconvenience. The results of the Independent Samples Test (t-test and ANOVA) showed that participants' views about scarcity were significantly different across their gender (male and female) and device use (mobile, laptop, and desktop). They were not significantly different in their views about efficiency, access, and inconvenience across gender, device use, hometown, age group, ethnicity, and school type at .05 level of significance.
Morphometric traits with reproduction and production performances of indigenous and exotic sheep breeds of Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka -1215, Bangladesh Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Saha Amit ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Jemy Md Asaduzzaman ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Kumar Datta Pallab ,   Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka -1215, Bangladesh, Golam Shahi Alam Mohammad ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Yeasmin Bari Farida ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature on some important morphological traits associated with reproductive and productive performance in Bangladeshi indigenous and exotic cross sheep. Sheep as small ruminants are essential parts of the crop-livestock of the mixed agricultural farming system playing a crucial role in the livelihood of smallholders in Bangladesh. They are considered risk averters for farmers in a family crisis and seasonal needs through quick sale by direct cash income. Furthermore, their physical products have socio-economic, cultural, and nutritional values: meat, milk, skin, manure, etc. In the past, a number of researchers investigated the relationship between morphometric features and reproductive and productive performance of the referred sheep. Any compilation report is yet not available. Therefore, an update database on Bangladeshi indigenous and exotic cross-breed sheep is required to identify for management and production strategy program. This paper reviewed, discussed, summarized, and compared all articles on morphometric traits and the reproductive and productive performances of sheep in Bangladesh.
LAMP assay is an auxiliary tool for rapid and sensitive pathogen diagnosis in veterinary areas
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand, Buddhachat Kittisak
Published: March 2022

Molecular technique for nucleic acid amplification has become more advanced, especially isothermal nucleic acid amplification which can amplify DNA or RNA molecules at constant temperatures. This allows us to be independent of sophisticated equipment such as thermal cyclers or realtime-PCR. The feasibility of adopting molecular techniques for pathogen detection at point-of-care are approaching practical use. At present, there are various isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies, including rolling cycle amplification (RCA), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). LAMP is one of the most popular methods used for pathogen diagnosis in animals due to several readout platforms such as turbidity, fluorescence, lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and color change visualizable by naked eye. In addition, LAMP can be integrated with CRISPR-cas which in turn, augments pathogen detection at ultra sensitivity. This letter shows the implementation of LAMP for pathogen detection in veterinary areas with different readouts as well as a new perspective for LAMP adaptation.
Early determination of fetal sex in singleton pregnant ewes by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ultrasonography, a comparative study
Authors:   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Yaser Hussain Karar , Fadhil Daham Abbas ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ultrasonography in fetal sexing of early singleton pregnant ewes. Forty-five ewes were examined using ultrasonography to confirm singleton pregnancies and to diagnose the sex of the conceptus. Blood samples were collected from all tested ewes for SRY and AMLX detection in circulating cell-free fetal DNA of these maternal blood specimens using real-time PCR. The definite sex of the fetuses was confirmed by the true sex of offspring after birth. The total percentages of correctly diagnosed cases in both diagnostic techniques, male and female fetuses, and the percentages of true fetal sex diagnosis regarding the gestation periods of tested animals were counted and compared. The results demonstrate the superiority of real-time PCR in accurate diagnosis compared to ultrasound in all the tested parameters. The total percentage of fetal sex diagnostic technique accuracy was 95.55% (43/45) and 48.89% (22/45) for real-time PCR and ultrasonography, respectively. The percentages of the accuracy of detected male and female fetuses were 38.46% (10/26) and 63.16% (12/19), and 92.31% (24/26) and 100% (19/19) for ultrasonography and real-time PCR, respectively. The accuracy of fetal sexing was 66.66% (6/9), 42.85% (3/7), 36.36% (4/11), 50% (9/18), and 88.89% (8/9), as well as 85.71% (6/7), 100% (11/11), and 100% (18/18) in the gestation periods of 50–55, 56–60, 61–65, and 66–70 days for ultrasonography and real-time PCR, respectively. In conclusion, we assessed the potential of early fetal sex diagnosis in singleton pregnant ewes by real-time PCR and ultrasonography, identifying the significant superiority of real-time PCR
Nest relocation of Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) decrease the rate of non-developed eggs
Authors:   Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket 83000, Thailand, Kaewmong Patcharaporn , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak ,   Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Wongfu Chutima ,   Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Prasitwiset Wareerat ,   Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Jongjit Pathompong ,   Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket 83000, Thailand, Boonkasemsanti Araya ,   Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket 83000, Thailand, Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat ,   Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket 83000, Thailand, Bansiddhi Pakkanut ,   Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Published: March 2022

Female leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) often oviposit in locations with high risk of predation, human activity, flooding, or erosion; thus, influencing hatching rates. It has been hypothesized that the relocation of these nests would significantly increase hatching success. In this study, we measured various nest traits to determine whether nest relocation has any influence on hatching success. Ten parameters of relocated nests (n=8) and nonrelocated nests (n=8) were compared. These parameters included incubation period (days), number of hatched eggs, number of survival hatchlings, number of healthy hatchlings, number of hatchlings in critical care unit (CCU) box, number of stillborn hatchlings, number of non-hatched eggs, number of non-developed eggs, number of embryonic dead hatchlings, and number of eggs without yolks. Poisson distribution, a generalized linear model employing the log link function, was used to compare differences in the rate values of the parameters between relocated and nonrelocated groups. It was found that the rate of non-developed eggs in the relocated nests was significantly lower than in the nonrelocated nests (P < 0.001). In conclusion, nest relocation was not detrimental to hatching success and decrease rate of non-developed eggs. Based on these findings, nest relocation may be an effective conservation method for leatherback turtles.
Surgical interventions of udder and teat affections in dairy cows
Authors:   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Raguib Munif Mohammad ,   Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Hasan Moinul ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Alam Md. Rafiqul ,   Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Published: March 2022

Various udder and teat affections are most common in high yielding dairy cows which cause huge economic loss to the dairy sectors. This study focuses on the surgical affections of udder and teat in dairy cows to restore the moderate productive performance as well as the morphology of udder and teat through feasible surgical procedures. Fifty-four dairy cows with various surgical affections of udder and teat were experimented. The amounts of milk yield (litre/day), and the morphology of udder (symmetry of quarters and circumference) and teat (size, shape and height) were recorded just before and after 45 days of the relevant surgical approaches to evaluate the changes. The surgical affections included mostly the teat laceration and fistulae (12.96%), moderately the teat sores, udder abscess, gangrenous teat, papilloma of teat and udder; whereas teat canal polyps, gangrenous udder and caseous lump in udder were less frequent (5.56%)individual cases among the selected dairy cows. After surgical interventions, the milk yield (litre/day) was significantly (P<0.01) increased along with the positive significant (P<0.01) changes in the morphology of udder and teat of the affected cows. Thus, the surgical managements highly impacted on the improvement of the affected udder and teat in the dairy cattle maintaining their productive performances.
Autologous versus synthetic bone grafts for the surgical management of tibial plateau fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cooper George M. , Kennedy Matthew J. , Jamal Bilal , Shields David W.
Published: March 2022

Aims

Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, to establish whether differences arise in clinical outcomes between autologous and synthetic bone grafts in the operative management of tibial plateau fractures.

Methods

A structured search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the online archives of Bone & Joint Publishing, and CENTRAL databases from inception until 28 July 2021 was performed. Randomized, controlled, clinical trials that compared autologous and synthetic bone grafts in tibial plateau fractures were included. Preclinical studies, clinical studies in paediatric patients, pathological fractures, fracture nonunion, or chondral defects were excluded. Outcome data were assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) framework and synthesized in random-effect meta-analysis. The Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidance was followed throughout.

Results

Six studies involving 353 fractures were identified from 3,078 records. Following ROB2 assessment, five studies (representing 338 fractures) were appropriate for meta-analysis. Primary outcomes showed non-significant reductions in articular depression at immediate postoperative (mean difference -0.45 mm, p = 0.25, 95%confidence interval (CI) -1.21 to 0.31, I2 = 0%) and long-term (> six months, standard mean difference -0.56, p = 0.09, 95% CI -1.20 to 0.08, I2 = 73%) follow-up in synthetic bone grafts. Secondary outcomes included mechanical alignment, limb functionality, and defect site pain at long-term follow-up, perioperative blood loss, duration of surgery, occurrence of surgical site infections, and secondary surgery. Mean blood loss was lower (90.08 ml, p < 0.001, 95% CI 41.49 to 138.67) and surgery was shorter (16.17 minutes, p = 0.04, 95% CI 0.39 to 31.94) in synthetic treatment groups. All other secondary measures were statistically comparable.

Conclusion

All studies reported similar methodologies and patient populations; however, imprecision may have arisen through performance variation. These findings supersede previous literature and indicate that, despite perceived biological advantages, autologous bone grafting does not demonstrate superiority to synthetic grafts. When selecting a void filler, surgeons should consider patient comorbidity, environmental and societal factors in provision, and perioperative and postoperative care provision. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):218–228.
Underwater image restoration by red channel compensation and underwater median dark channel prior
Authors: Zhou Jingchun , Liu Dingshuo , Xie Xiong , Zhang Weishi
Published: March 2022

Underwater images often show low contrast, blurring, and color distortion due to the absorption and scattering of light. In contrast to existing underwater image restoration methods, we propose an underwater image restoration method with red channel compensation and blue-green channel restoration. First, a proposed approach relies on the hue and attenuation differences between different color channels of the underwater image to estimate the background light. Then, the red channel is enhanced according to a perfect reflection assumption algorithm. Finally, a new median underwater dark channel prior (MUDCP) is proposed to precisely estimate the blue-green channel transmission map. Experimental results show that our method significantly improves contrast, removes color bias, and preserves more detail than other underwater restoration techniques.
Brain white matter morphological structure correlation with its optical properties estimated from optical coherence tomography (OCT) data
Authors: Moiseev Alexander A. , Achkasova Ksenia A. , Kiseleva Elena B. , Yashin Konstantin S. , Potapov Arseniy L. , Bederina Evgenia L. , Kuznetsov Sergey S. , Sherstnev Evgeny P. , Shabanov Dmitry V. , Gelikonov Grigory V. , Ostrovskaya Yuliya V. , Gladkova Natalia D.
Published: March 2022

A pilot post-mortem study identifies a strong correlation between the attenuation coefficient estimated from the OCT data and some morphological features of the sample, namely the number of nuclei in the field of view of the histological image and the fiber structural parameter introduced in the study to quantify the difference in the myelinated fibers arrangements. The morphological features were identified from the histopathological images of the sample taken from the same locations as the OCT images and stained with the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining specific to the myelin. It was shown that the linear regression of the IHC quantitative characteristics allows adequate prediction of the attenuation coefficient of the sample. This discovery opens the opportunity for the usage of the OCT as a neuronavigation tool.
Inscription of a waveguide in YAG:Nd crystal with a cladding composed by crystalline hollow channels
Authors: Okhrimchuk A. G. , Pryamikov A. D. , Likhov V. V. , Dobrovolskii D. S. , Shestakov A. V. , Orlova G. Yu. , Lipatiev A. S. , Zhiltsova A. A. , Romanov A. N.
Published: March 2022

A fabrication method of hollow channels in YAG:Nd with walls facetted parallel to crystallographic planes is proposed and investigated. The method is based on the direct laser writing of the helical tracks along one of the main crystallographic axes and the following wet facetted etching. Inscription of the track along [111] axis allows to form a hexagonal hollow channel after subsequent wet etching. The channel walls coincide with {110} crystallographic planes. The propagation loss of the fundamental mode at 1550 nm is measured to be less than 0.5 dB/cm.
Biological, material and socio-cultural constraints to effective menstrual hygiene management among secondary school students in Tanzania
Authors: Stoilova Dani , Cai Rebecca , Aguilar-Gomez Sandra , Batzer Naomi Heller , Nyanza Elias Charles , Benshaul-Tolonen Anja
Published: March 2022

Menstrual hygiene management is an important determinant for girls’ educational outcomes. We develop a method of cross-sectional analysis that quantifies the relative importance of four distinct mechanisms: material, biological, social and informational constraints and consider four main schooling outcomes: absenteeism, early departure, concentration and participation. We use survey data from 524 female students enrolled in four co-educational secondary schools in Northern Tanzania. Average age at first period is 14.2 years (standard deviation = 1.1, range 9-19). Information is the least binding constraint: 90-95% of girls report they received information about menstruation and how to manage it. In contrast, biological constraints are hindering: (i) the distribution of menstrual cramps and pain is bifurcated: most girls report very light or very strong pain (rather than moderate) with considerable educational impacts for girls in the latter group, (ii) irregular cycles (62%) and difficulty predicting the cycle (60%) lead to stress and uncertainty. Socio-cultural constraints are binding as 84% would feel shame if male peers knew their menstrual status, and 58% fear being teased over periods. Material constraints include prohibitive costs: girls spending between 12-70% of the daily national poverty line (6,247 TSH per day) on pads during their period. However, we discern no statistically significant relationship between access to pads and absenteeism. In contrast, biological and socio-cultural constraints as well as lack of sanitary infrastructure have significant effects on absenteeism. The results have several implications. First, sanitary pad interventions should consider participation and concentration as main outcomes, in addition to absenteeism. Second, biological (menstrual cramps and pain) and socio-cultural (fear, stigma) constraints are drivers of menstruation-related absenteeism and participation in the classroom and need to be evaluated in trials. We suggest exploring analgesic use, alternative pain-management techniques, menstrual cycle tracking technologies, and social programming in future trials.
Model-informed target product profiles of long-acting-injectables for use as seasonal malaria prevention
Authors: Burgert Lydia , Reiker Theresa , Golumbeanu Monica , Möhrle Jörg J. , Penny Melissa A.
Published: March 2022

Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) has proven highly efficacious in reducing malaria incidence. However, the continued success of SMC is threatened by the spread of resistance against one of its main preventive ingredients, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP), operational challenges in delivery, and incomplete adherence to the regimens. Via a simulation study with an individual-based model of malaria dynamics, we provide quantitative evidence to assess long-acting injectables (LAIs) as potential alternatives to SMC. We explored the predicted impact of a range of novel preventive LAIs as a seasonal prevention tool in children aged three months to five years old during late-stage clinical trials and at implementation. LAIs were co-administered with a blood-stage clearing drug once at the beginning of the transmission season. We found the establishment of non-inferiority of LAIs to standard 3 or 4 rounds of SMC with SP-amodiaquine was challenging in clinical trial stages due to high intervention deployment coverage. However, our analysis of implementation settings where the achievable SMC coverage was much lower, show LAIs with fewer visits per season are potential suitable replacements to SMC. Suitability as a replacement with higher impact is possible if the duration of protection of LAIs covered the duration of the transmission season. Furthermore, optimising LAIs coverage and protective efficacy half-life via simulation analysis in settings with an SMC coverage of 60% revealed important trade-offs between protective efficacy decay and deployment coverage. Our analysis additionally highlights that for seasonal deployment for LAIs, it will be necessary to investigate the protective efficacy decay as early as possible during clinical development to ensure a well-informed candidate selection process.
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation using Acute Respiratory Infections sentinel system of Catalonia (PIDIRAC) during the 2019-2020 season: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Jané Mireia , Martínez Ana , Ciruela Pilar , Mosquera Mar , Martínez Miguel J. , Basile Luca , Vidal Mª José , Nogueras Mª Mercè , de Molina Patricia , Vila Jordi , Marcos Mª Angeles
Published: March 2022

Background

In the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia (Spain), the present study analyses respiratory samples collected by the primary care network using Acute Respiratory Infections Sentinel Surveillance System (PIDIRAC) during the 2019–2020 season to complement the pandemic surveillance system in place to detect SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study is to describe whether SARS-CoV-2 was circulating before the first confirmed case was detected in Catalonia, on February 25th, 2020.

Methods

The study sample was made up of all samples collected by the PIDIRAC primary care network as part of the Influenza and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) surveillance system activities. The study on respiratory virus included coronavirus using multiple RT-PCR assays. All positive samples for human coronavirus were subsequently typed for HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E. Every respiratory sample was frozen at—80°C and retrospectively studied for SARS-CoV-2 detection. A descriptive study was performed, analysing significant differences among variables related to SARS-CoV- 2 cases comparing with rest of coronaviruses cases through a bivariate study with Chi-squared test and statistical significance at 95%.

Results

Between October 2019 and April 2020, 878 respiratory samples from patients with acute respiratory infection or influenza syndrome obtained by PIDIRAC were analysed. 51.9% tested positive for influenza virus, 48.1% for other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 was present in 6 samples. The first positive SARS-CoV-2 case had symptom onset on 2 March 2020. These 6 cases were 3 men and 3 women, aged between 25 and 50 years old. 67% had risk factors, none had previous travel history nor presented viral coinfection. All of them recovered favourably.

Conclusion

Sentinel Surveillance PIDIRAC enhances global epidemiological surveillance by allowing confirmation of viral circulation and describes the epidemiology of generalized community respiratory viruses’ transmission in Catalonia. The system can provide an alert signal when identification of a virus is not achieved in order to take adequate preparedness measures.
Interventions facilitating access to perinatal care for migrant women without medical insurance: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Sia Drissa , Tchouaket Nguemeleu Eric , Beogo Idrissa , Séguin Catherine , Roch Geneviève , Cleveland Janet , Greenaway Christina
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Inadequate pregnancy monitoring for pregnant migrant women without medical insurance (PMWMI) exposes them to severe complications during childbirth and consequences for the health of their child (e.g. preterm delivery, low birth weight, etc.). This scoping review aims to identify existing interventions globally to improve access to perinatal care for PMWMI. It will also highlight the strengths, weaknesses as well as the costs of these interventions.

Materials and methods

The methodological framework developed by Arksey & O’Malley (2005) will be used. An electronic search of studies from 2000 to 2021, published in French or English, will be conducted in 12 databases. Publication in Websites of non-governmental organizations working on migrant women without medical insurance issues will be also searched. All articles related to perinatal follow-up and care of PMWMIs, regardless of design, will be included. Editorial comments will be excluded. Outcomes of interest will focus on the impacts, strengths, weaknesses, and cost of interventions. Selection of articles and data extraction will be done by two independent researchers following the Tricco et al. (2018) reporting guide. Finally, a deliberative workshop with experts will allow to identify the most promising and appropriate interventions that can facilitate access to perinatal services by PMWMIs in the Quebec province of Canada.
PsychoEducation Tensor Basics
Authors: Sheppard Joseph Z.
Published: March 2022

The PsychoEducation Tensor (PET)(tm)was developed as an educational tool for understanding and regulating conscious cognitions as they are categorized by EM-Theory. EM-Theory describes one of seven primary tensors associated with human cognitionthat models 16-elemental modules that describe global cognition in a manner optimized for working memory.
Increasing the Yield: When More Is Better
Authors: Platt Kevin D. , Schulman Allison R.
Published: March 2022

Indeterminate biliary strictures pose a diagnostic challenge, and current approaches in the evaluation of such strictures lack diagnostic sensitivity. The most common method of tissue acquisition remains endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with brush cytology, however, little is known about optimal brush technique. In this paper by Wang et al., the authors compare the diagnostic sensitivity of brush cytology for 10, 20, and 30 passes in patients with malignant biliary strictures. The authors found an increase in sensitivity with an increasing number of passes, without an associated increase in adverse events. This well-designed study offers a simple and safe intervention which can increase the diagnostic sensitivity of ERCP-based brushing without requiring significant time, expense, or additional expertise.
Relasi Ideo-Historis antara Hukum Negara dan Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Hamdi Putra
Published: March 2022

Paper ini menjelaskan tentang benturan dua hukum yang belakangan sering menjadi bahan perdebatan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu di Indonesia. Benturan dua hukum yang dimaksud berkenaan dengan hukum negara (Undang-Undang) dan hukum agama (khususnya agama Islam, sebagai agama yang paling banyak dianut oleh masyarakat Indonesia). Perdebatan ini sangat wajar terjadi, mengingat Indonesia merupakan negara yang tidak menerapkan sistem hukum Islam (secara formal), namun menerapkan sistem hukum yang berlandaskan Pancasila. Padahal realitanya, Indonesia dihuni oleh masyarakat pemeluk Islam terbanyak di dunia. Beberapa pihak mengklaim bahwa hukum (perundang-undangan) di Indonesia yang telah ada selama ini tidak sesuai dengan tuntutan syariat Islam, sehingga harus diubah menjadi hukum Islam (syariat). Bahkan tidak sedikit yang ingin mengubah negara Indonesia yang berbentuk republik dengan landasan hukum konstitusionalnya menjadi negara Islam (Islamic State). Paper ini juga menjelaskan apa latar belakang perdebatan itu bisa terjadi, dan bagaimana bentuk deskriptif-analisis terhadap persoalan tersebut jika ditinjau dari aspek ideo-historis antara hukum negara dan hukum Islam di Indonesia.
Transformasi Perilaku Beragama Masyarakat Muslim Kontemporer: Fenomena Al-Qur’an Di Era Digital
Authors: Wafi M. Baihaqi Fadhlil , Ilhami Nuzula , Taufiqurohman Taufiqurohman
Published: March 2022

Proses perluasan kawasan syiar agama dari dimensi nyata kepada dimensi lain dalam hal ini dunia maya, mengakibatkan persinggungan Islam dengan dunia digital menjadi cukup unik karena mampu melampaui kemampuan komunikasi nyata yang hanya terbatas pada jarak tertentu. Hal ini mampu membuka peluang baru bagi dialog yang lebih luas, sehingga identitas Islam semakin mampu menunjukkan eksistensinya di kancah dunia. Identifikasi Islam secara online lebih besar dari pada secara offline, dan juga lebih cepat sehingga akses terhadap Islam akan lebih terjangkau dengan cara ini. Seiring perkembangan sejarah dan peradaban, manusia semakin banyak melirik kemajuan teknologi sebagai sarana mempermudah seluruh aktivitas kehidupan mereka. Artikel ini berbicara berkenaan dengan al-Qur’an, sebagai sumber utama representasi syiar Islam yang semakin banyak muncul versinya hingga muncullah istilah ‘al-Qur’an Digital’. Jenis al-Qur’an Digital bermacam-macam, ada yang berbasis aplikasi komputer (software), web dan aplikasi ponsel mulai yang berbayar hingga yang secara cuma-cuma dapat digunakan dengan mudah. Hasilnya, kemunculan kitab suci versi virtual dengan dimediasi media baru ini bisa mempengaruhi perilaku beragama dalam ruang sosial. Akhirnya, al-Qur’an diintegrasikan dengan dunia digital yang menjadi ciri khas masyarakat muslim modern yang pada ujungnya, seiring berkembangnya teknologi di era globalisasi yang begitu pesat ini melahirkan perilaku-perilaku dan pemahaman yang relatif baru dalam kehidupan masyarakat muslim kontemporer. Baik disadari maupun tidak, berbagai macam media ini bersaing dalam memberikan informasi tanpa batas yang mengakibatkan telah terciptanya sebuah gaya hidup masyarakat muslim.
Cervical Cystic Lymphangioma in an Adult Patient. A Case Report of a Rare Entity
Authors: Tzortzis Andrianos-Serafeim , Maniatakos Vasileios P. , Tsintzos Simeon , Tzortzis George
Published: March 2022

Cystic lymphangioma (CL) is a rare benign tumour that arises from the lymphatic vessels. The most common site of presentation is the posterior triangle of the neck. 90% of the lesions are diagnosed before the age of two years old and only a small number is reported in adults. In this paper, we describe the diagnostic and treatment approach of a cervical CL in an adult male.
Intercultural education in a monocultural context: global and local dimensions of sensitive topics
Authors: Górak-Sosnowska Katarzyna , Markowska-Manista Urszula
Published: March 2022

The article critically engages in teaching intercultural education in Poland—a country that is to a great extent homogenous in ethnic or religious terms. It starts with a brief overview of the complicated nature of intercultural education, followed by a case study of how intercultural education is studied and researched in Poland in a top academic journal dedicated to intercultural education. Quantitative content analysis shows that intercultural education is generally approached and unrelated to the local Polish context. The only exception is the borderland type of intercultural education. This leads to a conclusion that teaching intercultural education without a context—i.e. real-life experiences—proves to be a challenge in monocultural schools.
Social and ethnic group membership among students in a Czech lower secondary school
Authors: Vorlíček Radek
Published: March 2022

This article examines social and ethnic group membership among sixth-grade students at a Czech lower secondary school whose student population is predominantly heterogeneous in terms of ethnicity. The main focus is on group membership in the sixth grade, which is considered as the worst class at school and which is attended by several Roma boys and girls. Special attention is paid to the boundary constructions in the groups of children from an anthropological perspective and interactionism. The article is based on qualitative, and ethnographic fieldwork. The central method of the fieldwork was observation. This method was partially supplemented by materials from the school evaluations and interviews with teachers and other respondents during the field research. Research findings derive from fieldwork conducted at the school that is perceived as problematic by local residents. The school is located near a socially excluded locality in the Czech Republic where a large number of the buildings are in deplorable condition, with many apartments unoccupied. Many city residents consider the locality to be a “Roma ghetto”. The article contributes to understanding the grouping and social and interethnic communication among twelve-year-old students. The article sheds light on the benefits of being in a group and how students and groups communicate with each other.
The problem of children’s right to participation in early childhood education and care
Authors: Skrzypczak Marta
Published: March 2022

Participation, a highly debated topic, is understood as a right to self-determination and a right to be involved in the decision-making in matters that concern one’s life. Also, in the field of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Germany, children’s participation plays an important role, embedded in the legislation. However, research shows that children still do not participate in decisions in their daily life in childcare facilities. This problem has been linked to the negative attitudes of early childhood educators, their fear of losing control, sharing power with children, or even lack of knowledge. The recent qualitative case study, examining educators’ participation perspectives by applying semi-structured interviews and a focus group, demonstrated that educators understand what participation means differently and view it as a concept rather than a right. However, they perceive it as having enormous importance and are keen to embrace it. Their attitudes depend significantly on their experiences and the behavioural scripts they internalized. Another factor influencing children’s participation is the organizational culture of a childcare facility. It is correlated with the quality of care in childcare settings. To this end, studying and ensuring positive work relationships proves to be necessary. Applying collaborative leadership and democratic, participatory structures is essential to children and adults alike. A genuinely respectful environment designed to promote self-determination, deep reflection, ongoing training, and support are key in realizing children’s right to participation in ECEC.
Renata Siemieńska (ed.), Academic careers of women and men: Different or similar?
Authors: Molińska Weronika
Published: March 2022

This is a book review of the Academic careers of women and men, edited by Renata Siemieńska. The authors of the chapters presented in the book show selected problems of gender inequality and discrimination in Polish higher education compared to other countries. They analyze excitingly, among others: the low share of women in technical and engineering sciences in European countries, mechanisms marginalizing women in the surgical profession, a small percentage of women in the staff of art universities, as well as the course of doctoral studies and access to research grants awarded to women and men by Polish institutions. The discussed aspects also present a historical perspective and investigate the causes of the existing state of affairs. The research results on the situation of women in the academic world cited in the book prove that regularities persist for years, such as slower development of scientific careers among women or their low presence in higher positions in the academic hierarchy.
CPW-fed metamaterial inspired compact multiband antenna for LTE/5G/WLAN communication
Authors: Jha Pankaj , Kumar Anubhav , De Asok , Jain Rakesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

In this work, metamaterial (MTM) inspired a compact CPW-fed antenna with triple operating band is proposed. A rectangular Split Ring Resonator (SRR) is unified in a circular slot of the polygon-shaped radiator in MTM inspired antenna. The antenna exhibits three operating band which are based on metamaterial characteristics of unit cell. The CPW-fed antenna is ensuing 10 dB impedance bandwidth varies from 2.28 to 2.38 GHz, 3.07 to 3.78 GHz, and 5.05 to 7.03 GHz, whereas notch band exist from 2.39 to 3.06 GHz frequency. Metamaterial behaviour leads into the bandwidth enhancement as well as miniaturization in lower operating band with electric length of 0.14λ
0 × 0.21λ
0. The antenna archives the peak gain of 1.49 dB at 2.34 GHz, 2.04 dB at 3.32 GHz, and 4.14 dB at 6.5 GHz frequency. The measured results authenticate the simulated outcomes and consequently the proposed antenna can be pertinent in LTE, WLAN, and 5G communications.
Kant on the Moral Law as the Causal Law for Freedom
Authors: Forman David
Published: March 2022

For Kant, the moral law is the causal law of freedom. However, it is not anexplanatorycausal law. It is instead a causal lawof imputation: it is a law according to which we can be held responsible for the actions the law declares necessary; that is, it is a law according to which we can be consideredthe causes ofwhether or not we act lawfully. In this way, the moral law (if valid) makes possible a kind of causality that is a “third thing” between natural necessity and blind chance. This essay traces the origins of this view to the Antinomy of Pure Reason of the firstCritiqueand shows how it is refined in Kant’s foundational texts in practical philosophy of the 1780s (theGroundworkand secondCritique) and in his reflections on the nature of human evil from the 1790s (especially in Part One of theReligion).
Water hammer and cavitational hammer in process plant pipe systems
Authors: Dudlik A. , Schönfeld S. B. H. , Hagemann O. , Fahlenkamp H.
Published: March 2022

Fast acting valves are often applied for quick safety shut-down of pipelines for liquids and gases in the chemical and petrochemical industry as well as in power plants and state water supplies. The fast deceleration of the liquid leads to water hammer upstream the valve and to cavitational hammer downstream the fast closing valve. The valve characteristics given by manufacturers are usually measured at steady state flow conditions of the liquid. In comparison, the dynamic characteristics depend on the initial liquid velocity, valve closing velocity, the absolute pipe pressure and the pipe geometry. Fraunhofer UMSICHT conducts various test series examining valve dynamic characteristics in order of the dynamic analysis of pressure surges in fast closing processes. Therefore a test rig is used which consists of two pipelines of DN 50 and DN 100 with an approximate length of 230 m each. In this paper the results of performed pressure surge experiments with fast closing and opening valves will be compared to calculations of commercial software programs such as MONA, FLOWMASTER 2. Thus the calculation software for water supply, power plants, oil and gas and chemical industry can be permanently improved.
Innovative transient-proof hydrostatic level measuring method
Authors: Gocht T. , Traichel A. , Hampel R. , Prasser H.-M.
Published: March 2022

Most of the level monitoring systems for pressure vessels containing saturated steam-water mixture use the hydrostatic method. Differential pressure transducers are connected by pulse tubes with nozzles at different height of the pressure vessel. A disadvantage of this method is given by measuring errors cause by evaporation and/or degassing processes in vertical parts of these pulse lines. The error is caused by the decrease of the fluid density in the reference pipe, when a two-phase mixture appears. The present work aimed at the test of a novel differential pressure measuring system that eliminates the influence of density changes in the pulse lines. It is based on two differential pressure transducers, placed accurately at the elevation of the connecting nozzles. They are connected with the pressure vessel only by horizontal pipes. The vertical distance is bridged by a standpipe, the fluid of which is completely separated from the fluid in the vessel. Degassing respectively evaporation effects can therefore be completely excluded in the reference column of the new system. The method was tested at the pressurizer test facility of the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/ Görlitz, IPM on three types of transients including a rapid pressure decrease similar to a loss-of-coolant transient. Traditional differential pressure systems as well as local void probes were used for comparison. The method has proven its advantages compared to the traditional hydrostatic level measurement method.
Influence of calcium on the uptake of ingested strontium
Authors: Höllriegl V. , Roth P. , Werner E. , Schramel P. , Wendler I. , Felgenhauer N. , Zilker T.
Published: March 2022

Radioactive isotopes of strontium, mainly 90Sr, released into the environment due to nuclear accidents may contribute significantly to the internal radiation exposure of members of the public after ingestion of strontium with contaminated foodstuffs. The committed radiation dose is significantly dependent on the fraction of the ingested activity that crossed the gut wall (f1 value). The directive 96/29/EURATOM has adopted f1 values of 0.3 for adults. This study was aimed to investigate how far the calcium content of foodstuffs influences the uptake of ingested strontium. For aqueous solutions without calcium containing 1 mg strontium, f1 values of 0.62 ± 0.13 (mean ± SD) were obtained. However, the uptake of 1 mg Sr from milk, and respectively from solutions with calcium was lower than from aqueous solution (f1: = 0.32 ± 0.06, respectively f1: = 0.31 ± 0.06). The data obtained show a significant reduction of the uptake of ingested strontium from milk in comparison to aqueous solution. The calcium content of milk could explain this reduction.