bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Stereospecific Synthesis of α,β‐Dehydroamino Acids and Dehydropeptides.
Authors: BERTI F. , EBERT C. , GARDOSSI L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of NG‐Allyl‐(L)‐arginine.
Authors: BERNATOWICZ M. S. , MATSUEDA G. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the C‐5 Homologue of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid by Enzymatic Chain Elongation of 2‐C‐Acetamidomethyl‐2‐deoxy‐D‐mannose.
Authors: KOPPERT K. , BROSSMER R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Copper Couple Promoted C‐Branching in the Carbohydrate Series.
Authors: BLANCHARD P. , DA SILVA A. D. , FOURREY J.‐L. , MACHADO A. S. , ROBERT‐GERO M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydroxylated Nortropanes Starting from D‐Glucose: Synthesis of Homochiral (+)‐ and (‐)‐Calystegines B2.
Authors: DUCLOS O. , MONDANGE M. , DUREAULT A. , DEPEZAY J. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocyclic Analogues of Nucleosides. Part 3. Synthesis of a New Sulfone Analogue of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′‐Monophosphate.
Authors: JENNY T. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of 2′,3′‐Dithiouridine and (1‐β‐D‐(2,3‐ Dithioxylofuranosyl))uracil.
Authors: JOHNSON R. , JOSHI B. V. , NEIDLE S. , REESE C. B. , SNOOK C. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Natural Acetylenic Compounds from Eutypa lata (Pers: F.) Tul.
Authors: DEFRANQ E. , ZESIGER T. , TABACCHI R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomeric Purities of (R)‐ and (S)‐Camphors from the Chiral Pool and High Enantiomeric Purities in General.
Authors: RAUTENSTRAUCH V. , LINDSTROEM M. , BOURDIN B. , CURRIE J. , OLIVEROS E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Silicalites and Their Catalytic Properties for Oxyfunctionalization of Hydrocarbons with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: JACOBS P. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Michael Reaction: A Convenient Tool for Annelation and Annulation
Authors: RELE D. , TRIVEDI G. K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Dinucleoside Polyphosphates
Authors: HOLLER E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Symmetry Chiral Cage‐Shaped Molecules
Authors: NAEMURA K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Reactions of Mono‐ and Polyelementorganic Compounds
Authors: BESTMANN H. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of New Phosphine‐Boranes
Authors: IMAMOTO T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some New Concepts in the Chemistry of the p‐Block Elements
Authors: SCHMIDBAUR H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Assisted Carbonylation with Carbon Monoxide
Authors: SONODA N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of C‐Azidohydrazones: Developments and Perspectives
Authors: ZECCHI G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Natural Products Syntheses
Authors: OISHI T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Computers on Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: NAKAYAMAS. NAKAYAMAS. , YOSHIDA M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fragile Asymmetry
Authors: VEDEJS E. , FIELDS S. C. , SCHRIMPF M. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bioactive Sialosides
Authors: ITO Y. , GAUDINO J. J. , PAULSON J. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of N‐Pentenyl Glycosides: Synthetic, Theoretical, and Mechanistic Ramifications
Authors: FRASER‐REID B. , MERRITT J. R. , HANDLON A. L. , ANDREWS C. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Cell‐Surface Glycans. Part 90. Recent Aspects of Glycoconjugate Synthesis: A Synthetic Approach to the Linkage Region of Proteoglycans
Authors: GOTO F. , OGAWA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dissection on Heparin ‐ Past and Future
Authors: CONRAD H. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Random Anisotropy and Phase Transitions in Magnetic Glasses
Authors: SELLMYER D. J. , O'SHEA M. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Linear and Cyclic Oligosaccharides: An Overview
Authors: SAENGER W. , NIEMANN C. , HERBST R. , HINRICHS W. , STEINER T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx from Coal Fired Power Plants.
Authors: GUTBERLET H. , SCHALLERT B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid (.+‐.)‐Epielwesine. The Importance of Vinylsilane Stereochemistry in Iminium Ion‐Vinylsilane Cyclizations.
Authors: BURK R. M. , OVERMAN L. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Spectra of trans‐1,2,3‐Trichloropropene and 1,1,2,3‐ Tetrachloropropene
Authors: KOLESNITSKAYA A. YU. , ARYUTKINA N. L. , KURAMSHINA G. M. , PENTIN YU. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphated and Sulfated Marine Polyhydroxylated Steroids from the Starfish Tremaster novaecaledoniae.
Authors: DE RICCARDIS F. , MINALE L. , RICCIO R. , GIOVANNITTI B. , IORIZZI M. , DEBITUS C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced Conversion of Chemicals in Ecological Systems
Authors: TIMPE H.‐J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol‐Gel Synthesis of Ternary Metal Oxides. Part 1. Synthesis and Characterization of MAl2O4 (M: Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ca, Hg, Sr, and Ba) and Pb2Al2O5.
Authors: KURIHARA L. K. , SUIB S. L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Decomposition of the New Energetic Material Ammoniumdinitramide (NH4N(NO2)2) in Relation to Nitramide (NH2NO2) and NH4NO3.
Authors: ROSSI M. J. , BOTTARO J. C. , MCMILLEN D. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Components of the Mediterranean Ascoglossan Thuridilla hopei.
Authors: GAVAGNIN M. , SPINELLA A. , CRISPINO A. , DE ALMEIDA EPIFANIO R. , MARIN A. , CIMINO G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Contraction of the Thia(selena)diazine Ring to the Pyrazole Ring During the Reaction of 3‐Aryl‐10‐methyl‐2H‐1,3,4‐thia(selena)diazino(3, 2‐a)benzimidazolium Salts with Bases.
Authors: KUZ'MENKO T. A. , KUZ'MENKO V. V. , KRYSHTALYUK O. V. , POZHARSKII A. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Using Hydrogen Peroxide in Formic Acid.
Authors: DODD R. H. , LE HYARIC M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Syntheses of 2,4,6‐Trideoxy‐4‐methylthio‐D‐ribo‐pyranose.
Authors: DUPRADEAU F.‐Y. , ALLAIRE S. , PRANDI J. , BEAU J.‐M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5′‐C‐Branched Thymidines: Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Incorporation into Oligodeoxynucleotides.
Authors: WANG G. , MIDDLETON P. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Weathering mechanisms and their effects on landsliding in pelitic schist
Authors: Yamasaki Shintaro , Chigira Masahiro
Published: September 2010

Physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of undisturbed drill cores of pelitic schist from a landslide area in Japan clarified the mechanisms of chemical weathering of pelitic schist. Oxidizing surface water percolates downward and reaches an oxidation front, where chlorite is altered to Al‐vermiculite, graphite and pyrite are oxidized and depleted, and goethite precipitates. Oxidation of pyrite also occurs just below the oxidation front, probably by ferric iron. Pyrite oxidation yields sulphuric acid, which penetrates further downward, interacting with and weakening the rocks. In addition to this chemical weakening, stress release and shearing along schistosities form an incipient shear zone, which propagates to a sliding zone that forms the rupture surface of a landslide. Once a sliding zone has developed, it inhibits downward groundwater flow across it because of its low permeability, slowing the downward propagation of the weathering zone until this filtration barrier is broken by landslide movement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human neural stem cells genetically modified to overexpress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor promote functional recovery and neuroprotection in a mouse stroke model
Authors: Lee Hong J. , Lim In J. , Lee Min C. , Kim Seung U.
Published: September 2010

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a lethal stroke type; mortality approaches 50%, and current medical therapy against ICH shows only limited effectiveness, so an alternative approach is required, such as stem cell‐based cell therapy. Previously we have shown that intravenously transplanted human neural stem cells (NSCs) selectively migrate to the brain and promote functional recovery in rat ICH model, and others have shown that intracerebral infusion of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) results in improved structural and functional outcome from cerebral ischemia. We postulated that human NSCs overexpressing BDNF transplanted into cerebral cortex overlying ICH lesion could provide improved survival of grafted NSCs and increased angiogenesis and behavioral recovery in mouse ICH model. ICH was induced in adult mice by injection of bacterial collagenase into striatum. The HB1.F3.BDNF (F3.BDNF) human NSC line produces sixfold higher amounts of BDNFF over the parental F3 cell line in vitro, induces behavioral improvement, and produces a threefold increase in cell survival at 2 weeks and 8 weeks posttransplantation. Brain transplantation of human NSCs overexpressing BDNF provided differentiation and survival of grafted human NSCs and renewed angiogenesis of host brain and functional recovery of ICH animals. These results indicate that the F3.BDNF human NSCs should be of great value as a cellular source for experimental studies involving cellular therapy for human neurological disorders, including ICH. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of shoulders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yucel Aylin , Kusbeci Ozge Yilmaz
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study is to evaluate shoulder disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the best tool in the demonstration of complex shoulder pathologies; and to determine probable relations between shoulder pathologies and PD clinical features. Twenty‐eight PD patients with a total of 56 shoulders were used as the study group while 13 age‐matched cases with 26 shoulders were used as the control group (CG) in the study. Both patients with PD and the CG underwent shoulder MRI. The Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) disability scale and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rated Scale (UPDRS) were used to determine the severity of the disease. Our results showed that patients with full‐thickness supraspinatus (SSP) tear have statistically significant higher UPDRS (P = 0.012), tremor (P = 0.023), rigidity (P = 0.023), and total (P = 0.002) scores. Mild group patients (P = 0.045) showed significantly higher frequency resting tremor and subcoracoid effusion than those of severe group patients (P = 0.002). Subcoracoid effusion was observed in patients with significantly higher UPDRS (P = 0.045) and rigidity (P = 0.022) scores. When the resting tremor and subcoracoid effusion groups were compared according to the severity of the resting tremor but not according to the H&Y, higher frequency of full‐thickness tear in SSP tendon was detected in the group of resting tremor (P = 0.053). Longer duration of disease was also observed in patients with full‐thickness SSP tear (P = 0.029) and acromioclavicular joint changes (P = 0.018). Higher UPDRS, tremor, rigidity and total scores and longer PD duration appear as the predisposing factors for the development of shoulder disturbances in PD in this study. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of oscillatory repetitive movements in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor
Authors: Costa João , González Hernán A. , Valldeoriola Francesc , Gaig Carles , Tolosa Eduardo , Valls‐Solé Josep
Published: September 2010

Uncertainty exists on whether Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) patients have similar degree of impairment during motor tasks. We investigated this problem by analyzing nonlinear dynamics of repetitive movements in 21 control subjects, 33 mild‐moderate PD patients, and 18 ET patients. Accelerometer signals were recorded during finger tapping and unbounded forearm movements between two points, and processed with moving average filtering to generate a new signal consisting of the temporal distance between consecutive cycles. We calculated: mean interpeak interval (slowness), interpeak interval variability (irregularity), and beat decay (BD) of the auto mutual information (AMI) value, which estimates signal predictability by measuring the loss of signal information over a timescale. Both PD and ET had longer interpeak interval (except for finger tapping), higher interpeak interval variability, and higher BD‐AMI values than controls (P ≤ 0.007, all comparisons). ET patients had higher BD‐AMI values than PD (P = 0.003). BD‐AMI was the parameter that discriminated better between subjects (diagnosis accuracies about 80%). No differences existed between PD patients with and without tremor or between PD or ET patients with different disease stages, for any parameter. Evaluation of nonlinear dynamics of oscillatory repetitive movements is a feasible and promising tool for studying movement physiology. Movement performance is more predictable in PD and ET than in controls, even in early disease stages. Slowness and irregularity of movement in PD and ET cannot be fully explained by tremor. Some common pathogenic mechanisms leading to bradykinesia may contribute to this impairment. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific
Authors: Fischer Martin , Navarra Antonio
Published: September 2010

A new coupled general‐circulation model (GIOTTO) has been developed. The individual components are composed of the atmosphere model, ECHAM‐4, and the ocean model, MOM (Modular Ocean Model)‐1.2. The model domain is global, and no flux correction is applied. The coupling is active between 60°N and 60° S. Poleward of 60° the atmosphere is forced by the climatological sea surface temperature (SST), and the ocean is relaxed towards the climatological SST and sea surface salinity. Further, the sea‐ice coverage is prescribed. The coupling interval is set to two hours to resolve the diurnal cycle.

In this paper we describe the design of the model, and discuss results of a coupled 20‐year integration. The representation of the mean state is realistic, although there is an overall cold SST bias of about one degree centigrade in the tropics, and a tendency to simulate a double Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. The annual cycle, as simulated in the equatorial Pacific, is too weak in the east Pacific and too strong in the warm‐pool region. The phase, however, is well captured.

The SST variability in the equatorial Pacific is underestimated by about 30%, and the anomalies are too confined to the equator. The main features of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, like propagation of heat‐content anomalies, reflection of equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves, and westerly wind bursts, however, are correctly represented by the model. A variability analysis based on empirical orthogonal functions indicates that the ENSO mechanisms are simulated correctly. The model also appears to be well balanced with a remarkably low SST drift (0.5 degC decade−1), and a realistic equatorial thermal structure. We are, therefore, confident that the model can be used for experimental seasonal predictions.
Seasonal predictability in winter over eastern Asia using the JMA global model
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki , Takano Kiyoharu , Kusunoki Shoji , Sugi Masato , Kitoh Akio
Published: September 2010

To study seasonal predictability over the eastern Asia region, we carried out seasonal simulation experiments with a T63L30 Atmospheric General Circulation Model developed at the Japan Meteorological Agency. Integrations over 120 days for four cases of 5‐member ensembles were carried out with the use of the observed sea surface temperature (SST).

It was found that simulated scores of ensemble‐mean forecast 500 hPa height calculated over eastern Asia in boreal winter, at least during El Niño events, were more skilful than those over the whole northern hemisphere.

Observations show that the Western Pacific (WP) pattern, which is one of low‐frequency modes, has some statistical correlation with SST anomalies over the eastern equatorial Pacific. The model used in this experiment has an ability to reproduce the WP pattern with reasonable intensity. This may be one of the reasons for the high skill demonstrated over the eastern Asia region in boreal winter.
Seasonal prediction of blocking frequency: Results from winter ensemble experiments
Authors: Pavan V. , Tibaldi S. , Branković Č
Published: September 2010

The patterns which explain the largest fraction of the large‐scale variability over the Euro‐Atlantic and the Pacific regions are described using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction analysis data. In the description, special attention is given to the relation between these patterns and local weather regimes. The dynamical characteristics of each regime are found to be dependent on its relation with the basic flow over the region of its location.

The ability of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts T63L31 model in predicting the evolution of these large‐scale patterns and associated weather regimes during winter is quantitatively estimated. The skill of the model prediction is shown to depend substantially on the pattern considered.
Surface anchoring of a chiral salen macrocycle on a carboxy‐functionalized platform via a multiple site esterification
Authors: Torrisi V. , Amato M. E. , Ballistreri F. P. , Tomaselli G. , Toscano R. M. , Licciardello A.
Published: September 2010

This paper reports on the synthesis and surface immobilization of a 40‐membered chiral salen macrocycle via a surface reaction between its hydroxyl‐terminated branches and a carboxy‐functionalized platform using N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as activating molecule of the carboxylic group of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid, SAM. The peculiarity of this surface reaction at the carboxy‐terminated platform is that a multiple site esterification is obtained, as indicated by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Niobium Addition on Microstructures and Formability in Si‐Al‐Mn TRIP Cold‐rolled Steels
Authors: Tang Z. , Ding Hua , Ding Hao , Li X.
Published: September 2010

The effects of Nb addition on microstructures and formability in Si‐Al‐Mn TRIP cold‐rolled steels were investigated. These steels were intercritical annealed at 770 °C for 5 min, and isothermally treated at 400 °C for 3 min. Microstructural observation, tensile tests and forming limit diagram (FLD) tests were conducted, and the changes of retained austenite volume fraction as a function of tensile strain were measured by using an X‐ray diffractometer. The results showed that Nb addition makes grain size refined, the volume fraction of ferrite increase and that of bainite decrease, however, obviously it does not affect the volume fraction and carbon content of retained austenite. The Nb addition increased the stability of retained austenite owing to grain refinement. With Nb addition, increase in strength, ductility, strain hardening exponent and formability could be achieved simultaneously. These findings indicate that Nb addition can be a new direction of microalloying design for the low carbon TRIP steels with excellent formability and high stability of retained austenite.
A new hypothesis on the simultaneous direct and indirect proton pump mechanisms in NADH‐quinone oxidoreductase (complex I)
Authors: Ohnishi Tomoko , Nakamaru-Ogiso Eiko , Ohnishi S. Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2010

Recently, Sazanov's group reported the X‐ray structure of whole complex I [Nature, 465, 441 (2010)], which presented a strong clue for a “piston‐like” structure as a key element in an “indirect” proton pump. We have studied the NuoL subunit which has a high sequence similarity to Na+/H+ antiporters, as do the NuoM and N subunits. We constructed 27 site‐directed NuoL mutants. Our data suggest that the H+/e− stoichiometry seems to have decreased from (4H+/2e−) in the wild‐type to approximately (3H+/2e−) in NuoL mutants. We propose a revised hypothesis that each of the “direct” and the “indirect” proton pumps transports 2H+ per 2e−.
Biochemical characterization of the RNA‐hydrolytic activity of a pumpkin 2S albumin
Authors: Fang Evandro Fei , Wong Jack Ho , Lin Peng , Ng Tzi Bun
Published: September 2010

A pumpkin 2S albumin with ribonuclease (RNase) activity was purified from pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita sp.) by liquid chromatographic techniques. It manifested potent RNase activity toward baker's yeast RNA and calf liver RNA, and some polyhomoribonucleotides, including poly(A), poly(U) and poly(C) but not poly(G). Moreover, it was able to hydrolyze total RNA of both animal and plant origins. Ions such as Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ inhibited its RNase activity. Since RNase activity has not been previously reported in 2S albumins, this work may shed further light on the biological importance of this group of proteins.
Tumourigenesis in the infarcted rat heart is eliminated through differentiation and enrichment of the transplanted embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lin Qiuxia , Fu Qiang , Zhang Ye , Wang Haibin , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhou Jin , Duan Cuimi , Wang Yanmeng , Wu Kuiwu , Wang Changyong
Published: September 2010

Aims

The therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in ischaemic heart disease has been widely explored. However, tumourigenesis upon implantation interferes with the clinical application of ESC transplantation. This study aims to evaluate the influence of differentiation and enrichment of transplanted ESCs on tumourigenesis in infarcted rat hearts.

Methods and results

Mouse ESCs (mESCs) were cultured using a bioreactor system to develop embryoid bodies, which were then induced with 1% ascorbic acid to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The mESCs‐derived cardiomyocytes (mESCs‐CMs) were enriched by Percoll density gradient separation. The specific markers (OCT‐4, Sox2, and Nanog) of undifferentiated ESCs were detected by PCR both in mESCs and in mESCs‐CMs, but not in the mESC‐derived Percoll‐enriched cardiomyocytes (mESC‐PE‐CMs). Immunosuppressed rats with infarcted hearts were randomly injected with the mESCs, mESC‐CMs, or mESC‐PE‐CMs. Eight weeks after cell transplantation, histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the transplantation of both mESCs and mESC‐CMs caused the formation of teratomas. The incidence of teratoma was markedly lower (P < 0.05) in the mESC‐CMs group than in the mESCs group. The average tumour volume was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the mESC‐CMs group than in the mESCs group. Tumour formation was absent in the mESC‐PE‐CMs group.

Conclusion

Enrichment of the mESC‐differentiated cardiomyocytes inhibited the development of teratoma after cell transplantation in the infarcted rat hearts. These findings offer a new strategy for eliminating teratoma formation in ESCs transplantation and could be a step forward in the development of human ESCs transplantation therapy in ischaemic heart disease.
Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as an Anxiolytic and Analgesic in the Perioperative Period
Authors: Yousaf Farhanah , Seet Edwin , Venkatraghavan Lashmi , Abrishami Amir , Chung Frances , Warner David S.
Published: September 2010

Melatonin possesses sedative, hypnotic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antioxidative, and chronobiotic properties that distinguish it as an attractive alternative premedicant. A qualitative systematic review of the literature concerning the perioperative use of melatonin as an anxiolytic or analgesic in adult patients was carried out using the recommended guidelines provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Nine of the 10 studies showed statistically significant reduction of preoperative anxiety with melatonin premedication compared with placebo. An opioid-sparing effect or reduced pain scores were evident in five studies whereas three studies were contradictory. Thus, melatonin premedication is effective in ameliorating preoperative anxiety in adults, but its analgesic effects remain controversial in the perioperative period. Additional well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to compare melatonin premedication with other pharmacological interventions, investigate its effect on more varied surgical populations, and to delineate its optimal dosing regimen.
Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on the Cerebrovascular System
Authors: Kang Chang-Ki , Oh Seung-Taek , Chung Rack Kyung , Lee Hyon , Park Chan-A , Kim Young-Bo , Yoo Jeong Hyun , Kim Dong Yeon , Cho Zang-Hee
Published: September 2010

Background

Several studies have shown that stellate ganglion block (SGB) is an effective treatment for certain cerebrovascular related diseases; however, the direct effect of SGB on the cerebral vasculature is still unknown. The present study investigated the effect of SGB on the cerebral vascular system using magnetic resonance angiography.

Methods

Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography images of 19 healthy female volunteers (mean ages of 46.4 ± 8.9 yr) were obtained before and after SGB with 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging. The authors determined successful interruption of sympathetic innervation to the head with the appearance of Horner syndrome and conjunctival injection. We measured changes in the average signal intensity and diameter of the major intracranial and extracranial arteries and their branches, which were presented with mean (±SE).

Results

The signal intensity changes were observed mainly in the ipsilateral extracranial vessels; the external carotid artery (11.2%, P < 0.001) and its downstream branches, such as the occipital artery (9.5%, P < 0.001) and superficial temporal artery (14.1%, P < 0.001). In contrast, the intensities of the intracranial arteries did not change with the exception of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery, which increased significantly (10.0%, P = 0.008). After SGB, only the diameter of the ipsilateral external carotid artery was significantly increased (26.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

We were able to observe significant changes in the extracranial vessels, whereas the intracranial vessels were relatively unaffected (except for the ophthalmic artery), demonstrating that both perivascular nerve control and sympathetic nerve control mechanisms may contribute to the control of intracranial and extracranial blood vessels, respectively, after SGB.
Lymphocyte-based Determination of Susceptibility to Malignant Hyperthermia: A Pilot Study in Swine
Authors: Bina Saiid , Capacchione John , Muldoon Sheila , Bayarsaikhan Munkhuu , Bunger Rolf
Published: September 2010

Background

Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) is diagnosed by an invasive in vitro caffeine-halothane contracture test (CHCT) carried out on biopsied skeletal muscle tissue. We are presenting a novel blood test approach for malignant hyperthermia testing in a swine model. Our main aim was to determine whether adenosine production from lymphocytes after 4-chloro-m-cresol (4CmC) stimulation distinguishes homozygous swine carrying the Arg615Cys mutation in the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) gene (MHS swine) from normal swine.

Methods

Lymphocytes were isolated from arterial blood (40 ml) obtained from MHS (n = 7) and normal (n = 7) swine. Cells were suspended in Hank's balanced salt solution and treated with 4CmC (0-10 mm) at 37°C in the presence of adenosine deaminase inhibitor. After termination and purification of samples, aliquots (50 μl) were assayed for adenosine content using high performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Baseline adenosine levels before stimulating lymphocytes with 4CmC were 0.025 ± 0.004 and 0.041 ± 0.006 μm (mean ± SEM) in lymphocytes from normal and MHS swine, respectively (P = 0.125). Maximum responses were achieved at 1 mm 4CmC for both cell-line groups. Adenosine levels after stimulation with 4CmC (1 mm) were 0.185 ± 0.009 and 0.397 ± 0.038 μm in lymphocytes from normal and MHS swine, respectively (P = 0.0035). There was no overlap between adenosine levels in stimulated lymphocytes from MHS and normal swine.

Conclusion

4CmC stimulation of porcine lymphocytes induces increased adenosine formation in MHS cells relative to those from normal swine; evaluation of adenosine formation in response to RyR1 agonists in human lymphocytes is needed.
Haloferula luteola sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from the root of a halophyte, Rosa rugosa, and emended description of the genus Haloferula
Authors: Bibi Fehmida , Chung Eu Jin , Yoon Hwan Sik , Song Geun Cheol , Jeon Che Ok , Chung Young Ryun
Published: September 2010

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, endophytic bacterium, strain YC6886T, was isolated from the root of a halophyte,Rosa rugosa, which inhabits coastal areas of Namhae Island off the southern coast of Korea. Cells were non-motile, obligately aerobic rods and formed pale-yellow colonies. The isolate grew at 4–32 °C (optimum 25–28 °C) and at pH 6.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.5) and grew optimally with 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl, but NaCl was not an absolute requirement for growth. Strain YC6886Tproduced yellow carotenoid pigments. Strain YC6886Texhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity withHaloferula sargassicolaMN1-1037T(97.4 %). Sequence similarities between strain YC6886Tand other members of the genusHaloferulawere 93.9–94.7 %. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YC6886TandH. sargassicolaKCTC 22202TandHaloferula roseaKCTC 22201Twas 27 and 15 %, respectively. The major fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0and C16 : 1ω9cand minor components were C14 : 0, C18 : 0and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 9 and the DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. The polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, DNA–DNA hybridization and phylogenetic analysis, strain YC6886Trepresents a novel species in the genusHaloferula, for which the nameHaloferula luteolasp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6886T( = KCTC 22447T = DSM 21608T). An emended description of the genusHaloferulais also presented.
Pelagibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Pelagibacterium luteolum sp. nov., novel members of the family Hyphomicrobiaceae
Authors: Xu Xue-Wei , Huo Ying-Yi , Wang Chun-Sheng , Oren Aharon , Cui Heng-Lin , Vedler Eve , Wu Min
Published: September 2010

Two Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacterial strains, designated B2T and 1_C16_27T, were respectively isolated from a seawater sample collected from the East China Sea and a semi-coke sample from north-eastern Estonia. Their genetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties were studied. The isolates were short rods with polar flagella and were positive for catalase and oxidase activities. Q-10 was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were nonadecanoic (C19 : 0 cyclo), octadecanoic (C18 : 0 and C18 : 0 3-OH), octadecenoic (C18 : 1) and hexadecanoic (C16 : 0) acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.1–59.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two isolates represent a distinct lineage within the family Hyphomicrobiaceae. The phylogenetically closest relatives were Cucumibacter (92.7–93.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Devosia (92.9–94.4 %) and Zhangella (91.7–92.1 %). Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strains B2T and 1_C16_27T could be differentiated from each other and from members of the genera Cucumibacter, Devosia and Zhangella. Therefore, it is proposed that strains B2T and 1_C16_27T represent two novel species in a new genus, for which the names Pelagibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain B2T  = CGMCC 1.7692T  = JCM 15775T) and Pelagibacterium luteolum sp. nov. (type strain 1_C16_27T  = CGMCC 1.10267T  = JCM 16552T  = CELMS EEUT 1C1627T) are proposed.
ccrAB Ent serine recombinase genes are widely distributed in the Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus casseliflavus species groups and are expressed in E. faecium
Authors: Bjørkeng Eva Katrin , Tessema Girum Tadesse , Lundblad Eirik Wasmuth , Butaye Patrick , Willems Rob , Sollid Johanna Ericsson , Sundsfjord Arnfinn , Hegstad Kristin
Published: September 2010

The presence, distribution and expression of cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) genes, which are homologous to the staphylococcalccrABgenes and are designatedccrABEntgenes, were examined in enterococcal isolates (n=421) representing 13 different species. A total of 118 (28 %) isolates were positive forccrABEntgenes by PCR, and a number of these were confirmed by Southern hybridization with accrAEntprobe (n=76) and partial DNA sequencing ofccrAEntandccrBEntgenes (n=38).ccrABEntgenes were present inEnterococcus faecium(58/216, 27 %),Enterococcus durans(31/38, 82 %),Enterococcus hirae(27/52, 50 %),Enterococcus casseliflavus(1/4, 25 %) andEnterococcus gallinarum(1/2, 50 %). In the eight other species tested, includingEnterococcus faecalis(n=94),ccrABEntgenes were not found. Thirty-eight sequencedccrABEntgenes from five different enterococcal species showed 94–100 % nucleotide sequence identity and linkage PCRs showed heterogeneity in theccrABEntflanking chromosomal genes. Expression analysis ofccrABEntgenes from theE. faeciumDO strain showed constitutive expression as a bicistronic mRNA. TheccrABEntmRNA levels were lower during log phase than stationary phase in relation to total mRNA. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on 39 isolates.ccrABEntgenes were detected in both hospital-related (10/29, 34 %) and non-hospital (4/10, 40 %) strains ofE. faecium. Various sequence types were represented by bothccrABEntpositive and negative isolates, suggesting acquisition or loss ofccrABEntinE. faecium. In summary,ccrABEntgenes, potentially involved in genome plasticity, are expressed inE. faeciumand are widely distributed in theE. faeciumandE. casseliflavusspecies groups.
Environmental stability of GFRP laminated composites: an emphasis on mechanical behaviour
Authors: Mishra G. , Mohapatra S.R. , Behera P.R. , Dash B. , Mohanty U.K. , Ray B.C.
Published: September 2010

Purpose

The main objective of this experimental investigation is to assess the effect of thermal and cryogenic treatment on hygrothermally conditioned glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix composites, and the impact on its mechanical properties with change in percentage of individual constituents of the laminates.

Design/methodology/approach

The present investigation is an attempt at evaluating the performance of the laminates subjected to different thermal and cryogenic treatments for varying time with prior hygrothermal treatment. The variability of hygrothermal exposure is in the range of 4‐64 h. Glass fibre reinforced plastics laminates with different weight fractions 0.50‐0.60 of fibre reenforcements were used. The ILSS, which is a matrix dominated was studied by three‐point bend test using INSTRON 1195 material testing machine.

Findings

The post‐hygrothermal treatments (both thermal and cryogenic exposures) resulted in an increase in the rate of desorption of moisture. It is noted that the hygrothermal treatment prior to the exposure to thermal or cryogenic conditioning is the major attribute to the variations in the ILSS values. The extent of demoisturisation of the hygrothermally conditioned composites due to a thermal or a cryogenic exposure is observed to be inversely related to its ILSS, independent of the fibre‐weight fractions. Also the ILSS is inversely related to the fibre‐weight fraction irrespective of the post‐hydrothermal treatment.

Originality/value

The reported data are based on experimental investigations.