bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Change in Body Composition during Follow-Up on the Survival of GEP-NET
Authors: Sebastian-Valles Fernando , Sánchez de la Blanca Carrero Nuria , Rodríguez-Laval Víctor , Martinez-Hernández Rebeca , Serrano-Somavilla Ana , Knott-Torcal Carolina , Muñoz de Nova José Luis , Martín-Pérez Elena , Marazuela Mónica , Sampedro-Nuñez Miguel Antonio
Published: October 2022

Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are heterogeneous rare diseases causing malnutrition and cachexia in which the study of body composition may have an impact in prognosis. Aim: Evaluation of muscle and fat tissues by computed tomography (CT) at the level of the third lumbar (L3 level) at diagnosis and at the end of follow-up in GET-NET patients and their relationships with clinical and biochemical variables as predictors of survival. Methodology: Ninety-eight GEP-NET patients were included. Clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Total body, subcutaneous, visceral and total fat areas and very low-density, low-density, normal density, high-density, very high-density and total muscle areas were obtained from CT images. Results: Body composition measures and overall mortality correlated with age, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status) metastases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin and urea levels. Although there was no relationship between body composition variables at diagnosis and overall and specific mortality, an increase in low-density muscle and a decrease in normal-density muscle during follow-up were independently correlated to overall (p <0.05) and tumor-cause mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although body composition measures obtained by CT at diagnosis did not impact survival of GEP-NET patients, a loss of good quality muscle during follow-up was associated with an increased overall and tumor-related mortality. Nutritional status should therefore be supervised by nutrition specialists and an increase in good quality muscle could improve prognosis.
Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Adults with High-Grade Glioma: A Literature Review and Findings in a Group of Patients before Chemoradiotherapy and One Year Later
Authors: Ribeiro Monica , Benadjaoud Mohamed Amine , Moisy Laura , Jacob Julian , Feuvret Loïc , Balcerac Alexander , Bernier Marie-Odile , Psimaras Dimitri , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Noel Georges , Jouniaux-Delbez Nathalie , Ricard Damien
Published: October 2022

High-grade glioma (HGG) is associated with several external and internal stressors that may induce mood alterations at all stages of the disease. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in persons with glioma have multifactorial etiology and require active follow-up. We reviewed the literature data on the prevalence, mechanisms likely involved in the etiology of mood alterations in persons with HGG and psychosocial interventions found beneficial in treating these symptoms. We also investigated the prevalence and clinical variables that could increase the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms in a group of patients with HGG at two disease time-points: after surgery, before and 1 year after chemoradiotherapy. Literature findings revealed complex mechanisms underlying these symptoms and highlighted the importance of providing early access to palliative care. Our results show a high rate of anxiety and depression symptoms in the first stage of the disease and increased concomitance of these symptoms at the 1-year follow-up. Depression and anxiety symptoms at 1 year after the end of chemoradiotherapy were associated with the presence of symptoms at the first stage of the disease and tumor progression. Antiepileptic drugs and corticosteroid intake did not increase the risk of depressive and anxious symptoms among patients. Active management of mood alterations is an essential part of the care and contributes to patients’ well-being and quality of life.
Epithelial and Stromal Characteristics of Primary Tumors Predict the Bone Metastatic Subtype of Prostate Cancer and Patient Survival after Androgen-Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Wikström Pernilla , Bergström Sofia Halin , Josefsson Andreas , Semenas Julius , Nordstrand Annika , Thysell Elin , Crnalic Sead , Widmark Anders , Karlsson Camilla Thellenberg , Bergh Anders
Published: October 2022

Prostate cancer (PC) bone metastases can be divided into transcriptomic subtypes, by us termed MetA-C. The MetB subtype, constituting about 20% of the cases, is characterized by high cell cycle activity, low androgen receptor (AR) activity, and a limited response to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Complementary treatments should preferably be introduced early on if the risk of developing metastases of the MetB subtype is predicted to behigh. In this study, we therefore examined if the bone metastatic subtype and patient outcome after ADT could be predicted by immunohistochemical analysis of epithelial and stromal cell markers in primary tumor biopsies obtained at diagnosis (n = 98). In this advanced patient group, primary tumor International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade was not associated with outcome or metastasis subtype. In contrast, high tumor cell Ki67 labeling (proliferation) in combination with low tumor cell immunoreactivity for PSA, and a low fraction of AR positive stroma cells in the primary tumors were prognostic for poor survival after ADT. Accordingly, the same tissue markers were associated with developing metastases enriched for the aggressive MetB subtype. The development of the contrasting MetA subtype, showing the best response to ADT, could be predicted by the opposite staining pattern. We conclude that outcome after ADT and metastasis subtype can, at least to some extent, be predicted by analysis of primary tumor characteristics, such as tumor cell proliferation and PSA expression, and AR expression in stromal cells.
Analysis of Infectious Complications after Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Impact on Long-Term Survival
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Li Xiaoju , Zhang Xiaoer , Huang Tongyi , Guo Huanling , Xie Xiaoyan , Zhang Chunyang , Xu Ming
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This study aims to complete a detailed record of the clinical characteristics and treatment of HCC patients with post-ablation infection and evaluate the infections on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients receiving ultrasound-guided thermal ablation. Methods: 3117 patients with liver tumors receiving thermal ablation from January 2010 to December 2021 were analyzed. A total of 49 patients with infectious complications after thermal ablation were selected as the infection group. A total of 49 patients without postoperative infection were randomly selected among those who underwent ablation within three days before or after the treatment date of the infection group as the control group. The clinical characteristics of both groups were analyzed by an independent sample t-test and chi-square test. A log-rank test was performed to compare the RFS and OS data. A multivariate Cox regression model was employed to identify prognostic factors influencing RFS and OS. Subgroup analyses of mild and severe infections were conducted to explore the infection-related situation further. Results: Between mild and severe infection groups, there were statistically significant differences in the infection position (p = 0.043), positive rate of body fluid culture (p = 0.002), proportion of catheter drainage (p = 0.017), use of advanced antibiotics (p = 0.006), and outcome (p = 0.00). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that postoperative infection was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.028), and severe infection was significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.049). The cox model showed that postoperative infection was an independent variable for RFS deterioration (HR = 1.724, 95% CI: 1.038–2.862, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Postoperative infection among patients receiving ultrasound-guided thermal ablation adversely affected tumor progression. In addition, empirical antibiotics and catheterization to reduce pressure inside the lesion should be utilized to minimize symptoms in patients with postoperative infection.
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma–Associated and De Novo Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Tale of Two Cities or Not
Authors: Wang Zekun , Zhang Ye , Zhang Jianghu , Chen Xuesong , Wang Jingbo , Wu Runye , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei , Gao Li , Xu Guozhen , Liu Shaoyan , Li Ye-Xiong , Yi Junlin
Published: October 2022

Background: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) can arise as either inverted papilloma–associated SCC (IP-SCC) or as de novo SCC (DN-SCC). It is controversial as to whether survival differences between IP-SCC and DN-SCC exist. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2016, 234 patients with SNSCC were analyzed retrospectively, including 68 with IP-SCC and 166 with DN-SCC. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to determine risk factors on survival outcomes. Results: The median follow-up time was 98.4 months. Before PSM, lymph node metastasis was noted to be lower in patients with IP-SCC. After PSM, the 5-year DFS, DSS and OS between IP-SCC and DN-SCC were 43.0% vs. 44.5% (p = 0.701), 49.2% vs. 56.2% (p = 0.753), and 48.2% vs. 52.9% (p = 0.978). The annual hazards of local failure, respectively, peaked at 28.4% and 27.8% for IP-SCC and DN-SCC within 12 months after treatment. Afterward, the hazards gradually decreased and the hazard for IP-SCC was always higher before approaching null. Conclusions: This study provides novel evidence to support the clinical utility of improved distinction between IP-SCC and DN-SCC. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings before considering escalation of IP-SCC.
Amino Acid Solutions for 177Lu-Oxodotreotide Premedication: A Tolerance Study
Authors: Courault Pierre , Deville Agathe , Habouzit Vincent , Gervais Frédéric , Bolot Claire , Bournaud Claire , Levigoureux Elise
Published: October 2022

Background: The co-infusion of amino acid solutions during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy reduces the tubular reabsorption of 177Lu-oxodotreotide, thus minimizing nephrotoxicity. In our nuclear medicine department, the patients received two different types of amino acid perfusion over time: a commercial solution (CS) containing 10% amino acids, and a 2.5% lysine–arginine (LysArg) hospital preparation, produced by a referral laboratory. The aim of the present study was to analyze the tolerance of the two amino acid solutions. Methods: The patient files were analyzed and double-checked. The study parameters comprised the gender, age, primary tumor site, type of amino acid perfusion, adverse events (AE) and WHO AE grades, antiemetic premedication, creatinine, and serum potassium level. Results: From February 2016 to February 2019, 76 patients were treated, for a total 235 cycles. AEs occurred in 71% of the CS cycles (n = 82/116), versus 18% (n = 21/119) in the LysArg group (p < 0.0001). In the CS group, the AEs were mostly WHO grade 4 (n = 24/82), and mostly grade 1 in the LysArg group (n = 13/21). Poisson regression showed a higher risk of AE overall and of grades 3 and 4 in the females and with CS. The mean creatinine clearance was identical before and after the PRRT cycles, whichever amino acid perfusion was used. Conclusions: The lysine–arginine preparation showed better tolerance than the commercial solution. The change to LysArg reduced the antiemetic premedication from four molecules to one.
Production and Characterization of Durvillaea antarctica Enzyme Extract for Antioxidant and Anti-Metabolic Syndrome Effects
Authors: Shih Ming-Kuei , Hou Chih-Yao , Dong Cheng-Di , Patel Anil Kumar , Tsai Yung-Hsiang , Lin Mei-Chun , Xu Zheng-Ying , Perumal Pitchurajan Krishna , Kuo Chia-Hung , Huang Chun-Yung
Published: October 2022

In this study, three enzyme hydrolysate termed Dur-A, Dur-B, and Dur-C, were produced from Durvillaea antarctica biomass using viscozyme, cellulase, and α-amylase, respectively. Dur-A, Dur-B, and Dur-C, exhibited fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide from chemical composition determination and characterization by FTIR analyses. In addition, Dur-A, Dur-B, and Dur-C, had high extraction yields and low molecular weights. All extracts determined to have antioxidant activities by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), and ferrous ion-chelating methods. All extracts were also able to positively suppress the activities of key enzymes involved in metabolic syndrome: angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. In general, Dur-B exhibited higher antioxidant and higher anti-metabolic syndrome effects as compared to the other two extracts. Based on the above health promoting properties, these extracts (especially Dur-B) can be used as potential natural antioxidants and natural anti-metabolic syndrome agents in a variety of food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical products for health applications.
Structure Sensitivity of Ammonia Synthesis on Cobalt: Effect of the Cobalt Particle Size on the Activity of Promoted Cobalt Catalysts Supported on Carbon
Authors: Zybert Magdalena , Tarka Aleksandra , Patkowski Wojciech , Ronduda Hubert , Mierzwa Bogusław , Kępiński Leszek , Raróg-Pilecka Wioletta
Published: October 2022

This work presents a size effect, i.e., catalyst surface activity, as a function of active phase particle size in a cobalt catalyst for ammonia synthesis. A series of cobalt catalysts supported on carbon and doped with barium was prepared, characterized (TEM, XRPD, and H2 chemisorption), and tested in ammonia synthesis (9.0 MPa, 400 °C, H2/N2 = 3, 8.5 mol% of NH3). The active phase particle size was varied from 3 to 45 nm by changing the metal loading in the range of 4.9–67.7 wt%. The dependence of the reaction rate expressed as TOF on the active phase particle size revealed an optimal size of cobalt particles (20–30 nm), ensuring the highest activity of the cobalt catalyst in the ammonia synthesis reaction. This indicated that the ammonia synthesis reaction on cobalt is a structure-sensitive reaction. The observed effect may be attributed to changes in the crystalline structure, i.e., the appearance of the hcp Co phase for the particles with a diameter of 20–30 nm.
3D-Printed Raney-Cu POCS as Promising New Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Poller Maximilian J. , Renz Christina , Wolf Torsten , Körner Carolin , Wasserscheid Peter , Albert Jakob
Published: October 2022

Simultaneous generation and activation of Raney-type periodic open cellular structures (POCS) is a highly promising approach for generating novel structured methanol synthesis catalysts. In detail, we produced stable and highly active POCS from a Cu50Al50 alloy by additive manufacturing via Powder Bed Fusion by Electron Beam (PBF-EB) and activated them via selective leaching of aluminum in a sodium hydroxide/sodium zincate solution. The Raney-type Cu structures possessed catalytic methanol productivities of up to 2.2 gMeOHgnp-Cu h−1 (PBF-EB sticks) and 1.9 gMeOHgnp-Cu h−1 (PBF-EB POCS), respectively. Moreover, it was found that besides the nanoporous layer thickness, an optimum Zn/Cu ratio of 0.3–0.4 can also by adjusted by the leaching conditions.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Eriochrome Black-T Using BaWO4/MoS2 Composite
Authors: Hunge Yuvaraj M. , Yadav Anuja A. , Kang Seok-Won
Published: October 2022

Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds using semiconductor oxide materials has attracted increased attention in the recent decades. Both the catalysts and light play an important role in the photocatalytic degradation process. This research work focuses on the synthesis of BaWO4/MoS2 composite using green chemical method and its use in the degradation of Eriochrome black-T dye. Synthesized BaWO4, and BaWO4/MoS2 composites were characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET and UV-Vis characterizations techniques. BaWO4/MoS2 composite exhibits superior photocatalytic performance towards Eriochrome black-T degradation than BaWO4. Superior photocatalytic activity of BaWO4/MoS2 composite corresponds to enhanced light absorption, effective charge generation, separation, and minimum recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.
FAM57A (Family with Sequence Similarity 57 Member A) Is a Cell-Density-Regulated Protein and Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Dongyun , Strobel Tobias D. , Bulkescher Julia , Tessmer Claudia , Hofmann Ilse , Hoppe-Seyler Felix , Hoppe-Seyler Karin
Published: October 2022

The FAM57A (family with sequence similarity 57 member A) gene is controversially discussed to possess pro- or anti-tumorigenic potential. Here, we analyze the regulation of cellular FAM57A protein levels and study the functional role of FAM57A in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. We find that FAM57A protein expression strongly depends on cell density, with FAM57A being readily detectable at low cell density, but undetectable at high cell density. This regulation occurs post-transcriptionally and is not mirrored by corresponding changes at the RNA level. We further show that FAM57A protein levels are highly increased in cervical cancer cells cultivated at hypoxia compared to normoxia and provide evidence that FAM57A is a hypoxia-responsive gene under control of the α-subunit of the HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) transcription factor. Yet, the strong relative increase of FAM57A protein levels in hypoxic cells is predominantly cell-density-dependent and occurs post-transcriptionally. Other anti-proliferative effectors besides hypoxia, such as silencing of HPV E6/E7 oncogene expression in cervical cancer cells, also result in an increase of FAM57A levels compared to untreated cells. Functional analyses reveal that FAM57A repression leads to pronounced anti-proliferative as well as anti-migratory effects in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, these results provide insights into the regulation of FAM57A protein levels and reveal that they underlie a tight cell-density-dependent control. Moreover, they identify FAM57A as a critical determinant for the phenotype of cervical cancer cells, which promotes their proliferation and migration capacities.
Gene Enrichment Analysis of Astrocyte Subtypes in Psychiatric Disorders and Psychotropic Medication Datasets
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Wolfinger Alyssa , Wu Xiaojun , Alnafisah Rawan , Imami Ali , Hamoud Abdul-rizaq , Lundh Anna , Parpura Vladimir , McCullumsmith Robert E. , Shukla Rammohan , O’Donovan Sinead M.
Published: October 2022

Astrocytes have many important functions in the brain, but their roles in psychiatric disorders and their responses to psychotropic medications are still being elucidated. Here, we used gene enrichment analysis to assess the relationships between different astrocyte subtypes, psychiatric diseases, and psychotropic medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers). We also carried out qPCR analyses and “look-up” studies to assess the chronic effects of these drugs on astrocyte marker gene expression. Our bioinformatic analysis identified gene enrichment of different astrocyte subtypes in psychiatric disorders. The highest level of enrichment was found in schizophrenia, supporting a role for astrocytes in this disorder. We also found differential enrichment of astrocyte subtypes associated with specific biological processes, highlighting the complex responses of astrocytes under pathological conditions. Enrichment of protein phosphorylation in astrocytes and disease was confirmed by biochemical analysis. Analysis of LINCS chemical perturbagen gene signatures also found that kinase inhibitors were highly discordant with astrocyte-SCZ associated gene signatures. However, we found that common gene enrichment of different psychotropic medications and astrocyte subtypes was limited. These results were confirmed by “look-up” studies and qPCR analysis, which also reported little effect of psychotropic medications on common astrocyte marker gene expression, suggesting that astrocytes are not a primary target of these medications. Conversely, antipsychotic medication does affect astrocyte gene marker expression in postmortem schizophrenia brain tissue, supporting specific astrocyte responses in different pathological conditions. Overall, this study provides a unique view of astrocyte subtypes and the effect of medications on astrocytes in disease, which will contribute to our understanding of their role in psychiatric disorders and offers insights into targeting astrocytes therapeutically.
Neutrophil Extracellular Vesicles: A Delicate Balance between Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies
Authors: Zhou Yang , Bréchard Sabrina
Published: October 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released in the extracellular environment during cell activation or apoptosis. Working as signal transducers, EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication through the convoying of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Neutrophil extracellular vesicles (nEVs) contain molecules acting as key modulators of inflammation and immune responses. Due to their potential as therapeutic tools, studies about nEVs have been increasing in recent years. However, our knowledge about nEVs is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of nEVs in the framework of neutrophil inflammation functions and disease development. The therapeutic potential of nEVs as clinical treatment strategies is deeply discussed. Moreover, the promising research landscape of nEVs in the near future is also examined.
The Role of S. cerevisiae Sub1/PC4 in Transcription Elongation Depends on the C-Terminal Region and Is Independent of the ssDNA Binding Domain
Authors: Collin Alejandro , González-Jiménez Araceli , González-Jiménez María del Carmen , Alfonso Manuel J. , Calvo Olga
Published: October 2022

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sub1 (ScSub1) has been defined as a transcriptional stimulatory protein due to its homology to the ssDNA binding domain (ssDBD) of human PC4 (hPC4). Recently, PC4/Sub1 orthologues have been elucidated in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and bacteriophages with functions related to DNA metabolism. Additionally, ScSub1 contains a unique carboxyl–terminal region (CT) of unknown function up to date. Specifically, it has been shown that Sub1 is required for transcription activation, as well as other processes, throughout the transcription cycle. Despite the progress that has been made in understanding the mechanism underlying Sub1′s functions, some questions remain unanswered. As a case in point: whether Sub1’s roles in initiation and elongation are differentially predicated on distinct regions of the protein or how Sub1′s functions are regulated. Here, we uncover some residues that are key for DNA–ScSub1 interaction in vivo, localized in the ssDBD, and required for Sub1 recruitment to promoters. Furthermore, using an array of genetic and molecular techniques, we demonstrate that the CT region is required for transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Altogether, our data indicate that Sub1 plays a dual role during transcription—in initiation through the ssDBD and in elongation through the CT region.
Spatial and Temporal Diversity of Astrocyte Phenotypes in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 Mice
Authors: Rosa Juao-Guilherme , Hamel Katherine , Sheeler Carrie , Borgenheimer Ella , Gilliat Stephen , Soles Alyssa , Ghannoum Ferris J. , Sbrocco Kaelin , Handler Hillary P. , Rainwater Orion , Kang Ryan , Cvetanovic Marija
Published: October 2022

While astrocyte heterogeneity is an important feature of the healthy brain, less is understood about spatiotemporal heterogeneity of astrocytes in brain disease. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene Ataxin1 (ATXN1). We characterized astrocytes across disease progression in the four clinically relevant brain regions, cerebellum, brainstem, hippocampus, and motor cortex, of Atxn1154Q/2Q mice, a knock-in mouse model of SCA1. We found brain region-specific changes in astrocyte density and GFAP expression and area, early in the disease and prior to neuronal loss. Expression of astrocytic core homeostatic genes was also altered in a brain region-specific manner and correlated with neuronal activity, indicating that astrocytes may compensate or exacerbate neuronal dysfunction. Late in disease, expression of astrocytic homeostatic genes was reduced in all four brain regions, indicating loss of astrocyte functions. We observed no obvious correlation between spatiotemporal changes in microglia and spatiotemporal astrocyte alterations, indicating a complex orchestration of glial phenotypes in disease. These results support spatiotemporal diversity of glial phenotypes as an important feature of the brain disease that may contribute to SCA1 pathogenesis in a brain region and disease stage-specific manner.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Gut Microbiota, and Human (In)Fertility—It Is Time to Consider the Triad
Authors: Fabozzi Gemma , Rebuzzini Paola , Cimadomo Danilo , Allori Mariachiara , Franzago Marica , Stuppia Liborio , Garagna Silvia , Ubaldi Filippo Maria , Zuccotti Maurizio , Rienzi Laura
Published: October 2022

The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms living in the human gastrointestinal tract that play an important role in human health and diseases. Recent evidence suggests a strong direct or indirect correlation between GM and both male and female fertility: on the one hand, GM is involved in the regulation of sex hormone levels and in the preservation of the blood–testis barrier integrity; on the other hand, a dysbiotic GM is linked to the onset of pro-inflammatory conditions such as endometriosis or PCOS, which are often associated with infertility. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is one of the main causes of GM dysbiosis, with important consequences to the host health and potential transgenerational effects. This perspective article aims to show that the negative effects of EDCs on reproduction are in part due to a dysbiotic GM. We will highlight (i) the link between GM and male and female fertility; (ii) the mechanisms of interaction between EDCs and GM; and (iii) the importance of the maternal–fetal GM axis for offspring growth and development.
Biological Roles of Fibroblasts in Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Naruishi Koji
Published: October 2022

Periodontal diseases include periodontitis and gingival overgrowth. Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease, and its pathological cascade is regulated by many inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune or tissue cells, such as interleukin-6. In contrast, gingival overgrowth develops as a side effect of specific drugs, such as immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, and calcium channel blockers. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the most abundant cells in gingival connective tissue, and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) are located between the teeth and alveolar bone. HGFs and HPLFs are both crucial for the remodeling and homeostasis of periodontal tissue, and their roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases have been examined for 25 years. Various responses by HGFs or HPLFs contribute to the progression of periodontal diseases. This review summarizes the biological effects of HGFs and HPLFs on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Nanomaterials Respond to Lysosomal Function for Tumor Treatment
Authors: Tian Xuexia , Shi Anhua , Yin Hang , Wang Yutian , Liu Qiaoyan , Chen Wenling , Wu Junzi
Published: October 2022

The safety and efficacy of tumor treatment are difficult problems to address. Recently, lysosomes have become an important target for tumor treatment because of their special environment and function. Nanoparticles have unique physicochemical properties which have great advantages in tumor research. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have designed various types of nanoparticles to treat tumors based on lysosomal function and environment. In this review, we summarize and analyze different perspectives of tumor treatment, including direct destruction of lysosomes or lysosomal escape, drug delivery by nanoparticles, response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, and the targeting of tumor cells or other cells. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as well as the developmental prospects in this field. We hope to provide new ideas for better tumor treatment.
Autologous iPSC-Derived Human Neuromuscular Junction to Model the Pathophysiology of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Costamagna Domiziana , Casters Valérie , Beltrà Marc , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Van Campenhout Anja , Ortibus Els , Desloovere Kaat , Duelen Robin
Published: October 2022

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness resulting from retrograde axonal degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Here, we generated in vitro human neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from five HSP patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines, by means of microfluidic strategy, to model disease-relevant neuropathologic processes. The strength of our NMJ model lies in the generation of lower MNs and myotubes from autologous hiPSC origin, maintaining the genetic background of the HSP patient donors in both cell types and in the cellular organization due to the microfluidic devices. Three patients characterized by a mutation in the SPG3a gene, encoding the ATLASTIN GTPase 1 protein, and two patients with a mutation in the SPG4 gene, encoding the SPASTIN protein, were included in this study. Differentiation of the HSP-derived lines gave rise to lower MNs that could recapitulate pathological hallmarks, such as axonal swellings with accumulation of Acetyl-α-TUBULIN and reduction of SPASTIN levels. Furthermore, NMJs from HSP-derived lines were lower in number and in contact point complexity, denoting an impaired NMJ profile, also confirmed by some alterations in genes encoding for proteins associated with microtubules and responsible for axonal transport. Considering the complexity of HSP, these patient-derived neuronal and skeletal muscle cell co-cultures offer unique tools to study the pathologic mechanisms and explore novel treatment options for rescuing axonal defects and diverse cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility and protein degradation in HSP.
Clinical Aspects of B Cell Immunodeficiencies: The Past, the Present and the Future
Authors: Ahmed Aisha , Lippner Elizabeth , Khanolkar Aaruni
Published: October 2022

B cells and antibodies are indispensable for host immunity. Our understanding of the mechanistic processes that underpin how B cells operate has left an indelible mark on the field of clinical pathology, and recently has also dramatically reshaped the therapeutic landscape of diseases that were once considered incurable. Evaluating patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID)/inborn errors of immunity (IEI) that primarily affect B cells, offers us an opportunity to further our understanding of how B cells develop, mature, function and, in certain instances, cause further disease. In this review we provide a brief compendium of IEI that principally affect B cells at defined stages of their developmental pathway, and also attempt to offer some educated viewpoints on how the management of these disorders could evolve over the years.
The Predictive Role of Perceived Autonomy Support in Elementary School Children Physical Activity
Authors: Vaquero-Solís Mikel , Tapia-Serrano Miguel Ángel , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio , Llanos-Muñoz Rubén , López-Gajardo Miguel Angel
Published: October 2022

The present article aimed to test a predictive model based on children’s perception of autonomy support exercised by their physical education teachers in establishing a state of high motivational quality, which in turn leads to greater intention and physical activity. Participants were 502 elementary school students aged 9 to 11 years (52.59% males (9.47 ± 0.53 years old) and 47.41% females (9.54 ± 0.53 years old)), who completed a self-reported questionnaire of perceived autonomy support from physical education teachers, self-determination, intention to be physically active, and physical activity. Results showed that perceived autonomy support was positively related to autonomous motivation, which in turn was associated with intention and physical activity. In addition, the model did not present variations with respect to gender and confirmed the indirect effects of autonomous motivation on intention and practice of physical activity. Finally, we conclude on the importance of an adequate perception of autonomy support in students by their teachers for the establishment of an appropriate motivational state that could promote greater intention and physical activity. Thus, the motivational state acquired in physical education classes can be translated into intention and practice of physical activity in different contexts of students’ daily lives.
Birth Weight and Body Composition as Determined by Isotopic Dilution with Deuterium Oxide in 6- to 8-Year-Old South African Children
Authors: Monyeki Makama Andries , Sedumedi Caroline Molete , Reilly John J. , Janssen Xanne , Kruger Herculina Salome , Kruger Ruan , Loechl Cornelia U.
Published: October 2022

Low and high birth weight (BW) are associated with obesity later in life; however, this association has not been extensively studied in African countries. This study determines the association between BW and body composition derived from deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution in 6- to 8-year-old South African children (n = 91; 40 boys, 51 girls). BW was recorded retrospectively from the children’s Road-to-Health cards. Weight and height were measured using standard procedures, and D2O dilution was used to determine total body water and, subsequently, to determine body fat. Fatness was classified using the McCarthy centiles, set at 2nd, 85th, and 95th (underfat, overfat and obese). BW correlated with body composition measures, such as body weight (r = 0.23, p = 0.03), height (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), and fat free mass (FFM; r = 0.27, p = 0.01). When multiple regression analysis was employed, BW significantly and positively associated with FFM (β = 0.24, p = 0.013; 95% CI: 0.032; 0.441) and fat mass (β = 0.21, p = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.001; 0.412) in girls and boys combined. A total of 13% of the children had a low BW, with 21% being overweight and 17% obese. More girls than boys were overweight and obese. Intervention strategies that promote healthy uterine growth for optimal BW are needed in order to curb the global obesity pandemic.
Character Strength and Mental Health Problems among Children from Low-Income Families in South Korea
Authors: Na Hyunjoo , Lee Gyungjoo , Si Euna , Jun Won Hee , Park Chang
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to understand the association between character strength and mental health problems among children in early adolescence from low-income families in South Korea. This study used a cross-sectional and descriptive study design with 214 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school children from low-income families enrolled in 20 community centers and receiving government financial assistance. A bivariate probit model was used to examine the association between character strength and mental health problems in the children. We found that character strength lowers the likelihood of developing hyperactivity–inattention and emotional symptoms among children from low-income families. Additionally, adverse life events were associated with increased mental health problems, whereas adverse life events were not significantly correlated with character strength in the current study. Specific interventions should be developed to cultivate character strength among children in early adolescence from low-income families who are at a high risk of mental health problems under cumulative adverse life events.
Changes in Nutritional State and Cardiovascular Parameters in Alimentary Obese Children after a Month-Long Stay in Children’s Treatment Center
Authors: Budinskaya Ksenia , Pírek Ondřej , Rafčíková Natálie , Nádeníčková Olga , Bednaříková Kateřina , Hrstková Hana , Dobšák Petr , Nováková Zuzana
Published: October 2022

Childhood and adolescent obesity has become an important public health issue, as it leads to higher risk of cardio–metabolic, orthopedic, and psychological comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in nutritional state and cardiovascular system parameters in obese children. Sixty respondents aged 9–17 years with alimentary obesity participated in this research. Anthropometric parameters (body weight (BWT), body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%), waist and hip circumference (WC and HC), waist–hip ratio (WHR)) and cardiovascular parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SP and DP), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse wave velocity and its variability (PWV and PWVV), and parameters of pulse wave analysis) were measured. Every respondent went through two sets of measurements, the first (I.) after their admission to the children’s hospital and the second (II.) at the end of their one-month-long therapeutic stay. Statistically significant differences between measurements I. and II. were observed in the following parameters: BWT (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), WC (p < 0.01), HC (p < 0.01), DP (p < 0.01), PWV (p < 0.05), and ABI (p < 0.01). The results of this study show that obesity has a mostly negative impact on the cardiovascular health of affected children, with likely negative results in their adulthood.
Links between Daytime Napping, Night-Time Sleep Quality and Infant Attention: An Eye-Tracking, Actigraphy and Parent-Report Study
Authors: Hasshim Nabil , Bramham Jessica , Keating Jennifer , Gaffney Rebecca A. , Keenan Lisa , Conroy Sarah , McNicholas Fiona , Carr Alan , Downes Michelle
Published: October 2022

The current study explored the potential influence of infant sleep, measured by parental report and actigraphy, and family functioning on attention development using eye tracking. The use of actigraphy in parallel with parental report, has the advantage of measuring participant’s sleep throughout the night without parental observation and the ability to objectively assess sleep quality. An eye-tracking version of the Gap-Overlap task was used to measure visual attention. Questionnaires and behavioural assessment were used to assess family function, and general cognitive development. Fifty infants (Mean age = 13.44 months, SD = 3.10) participated in the study, 23 of which had full final datasets. Results show that daytime sleep duration, as measured by parental report, and proportion of light sleep at night, as measured by actigraphy, are linked to visual attention. A higher proportion of light sleep, a marker of poorer sleep quality, and less daytime sleep were negatively linked with facilitation and disengagement on the Gap-Overlap task. Family functioning was not associated with attention. The results provide initial evidence that in addition to the amount of daytime sleep; quality of night-time sleep as measured by proportion of light sleep, is a potentially useful sleep variable which requires further focus in the study of attention development.
Flood-Related Federally Declared Disaster Events and Community Functioning (COPEWELL)
Authors: Kanarek Norma F. , Wang Qi , Igusa Tak , Sell Tara Kirk , Cox Zachary Anthony , Kendra James M. , Links Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Objective: Understanding long-term disaster effects is key to building theories of recovery and informing policymaking. Findings regarding long-term recovery are inconsistent, with some scholars finding that disasters have little long-term impact, and others asserting otherwise. To assist in resolving this discord, we apply a conceptual framework and computational model of community resilience (“COPEWELL”) that places community functioning (CF) at the center of evaluating the effects of disaster over time. Using flooding as a disaster type, we hypothesize a change in baseline CF trend when a flood-related federally declared disaster event occurs. Methods: We used county-level flood-related federally declared disaster events (2010–2014) and selected population demographics to study their effects on annual CF trends among United States counties (N = 3141). Results: In multivariate analysis of baseline CF, we found a significant negative relationship of prior five-year flood status, federal regions relative to the Northeast (Region I), lower total earnings, and greater population size. Annual CF trend was 0.09% (95%CI: 0.01%–0.16%). In multivariate analysis, significant predictors included baseline CF (β = −0.0178, −0.0047–−0.0309), any concurrent flood-related federally declared disaster events (−0.0024, −0.0040–−0.0008), ten-year prior flood events (−0.0017, −0.0034–−0.0000) and concurrent population change (−0.0186, −0.0338–−0.0035). Conclusions: Recent floods depress baseline CF, while concurrent and ten-year-ago floods depress trend in CF. Resilience may potentially be modified by raising baseline CF and maintaining population over time.
Associations among Alcohol Drinking, Smoking, and Nonrestorative Sleep: A Population-Based Study in Japan
Authors: Otsuka Yuichiro , Takeshima Ohki , Itani Osamu , Matsumoto Yuuki , Kaneita Yoshitaka
Published: October 2022

Nonrestorative sleep (NRS) is a common sleep disorder. It is associated with several unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as skipping breakfast and lack of exercise. However, the associations between alcohol drinking, smoking, and NRS are unclear. This study examined the prevalence of NRS within the Japanese general population and the relationships among alcohol drinking, smoking, and NRS. We analyzed an anonymized dataset from a 2013 nationwide population survey (35,717 men and 39,911 women). NRS was assessed through a single-item question, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed through self-reports. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between alcohol drinking, smoking, and NRS. The total prevalence of NRS was 22.2% (95% CI 21.8–22.7) in men and 23.4% (95% CI 23.0–23.8) in women. Further, we found that sleep duration and prevalence of NRS shared an inverse J-shaped relationship. Heavy alcohol drinking was significantly associated with NRS in both sexes. Short sleep duration and certain socioeconomic factors modified the effect of smoking on NRS in men. These results could be useful in the development of more effective sleep health policies to establish better sleep hygiene.
Ecosystem Services Provided by Kelp Forests of the Humboldt Current System: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cuba Diego , Guardia-Luzon Katerin , Cevallos Bruno , Ramos-Larico Sabrina , Neira Eva , Pons Alejandro , Avila-Peltroche Jose
Published: October 2022

Marine ecosystems such as kelp are gaining recognition for providing ecosystem services (ES) along the coastal regions worldwide. Here, we synthesize information from the last four decades of research on the structure, functioning and threats of kelp forests, and the ES they provide in the Humboldt Current System (HCS) where information is scarce. The SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis) framework was used for the literature survey and review. From 86 selected articles, only 4 directly discussed kelp ES in Chile. Supporting services-related articles were the most prevalent (n = 59), followed by provisioning (n = 19), regulating (n = 3) and cultural services (n = 1). ES-related research was mostly conducted in Chile (n = 77). Studies in Peru (n = 5), and in Chile and Peru at same time (n = 4) were scarce. Our search also showed that Lessonia trabeculata presented the highest number of associated taxa (n = 213), followed closely by M. pyrifera (n = 210). However, the number of phyla reported was higher in M. pyrifera (n = 17) than in the Lessonia species (n = 7–13). Natural and anthropic impacts on the biodiversity of kelp forests using novel technologies would facilitate the quantitative study and economic valuations of the services provided by these ecosystems at the Humboldt Current System.
Recent Advances of Sustainable Textile Fabric Coatings for UV Protection Properties
Authors: Attia Nour F. , Osama Rokaya , Elashery Sally E. A. , Kalam Abul , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Algarni Hamed
Published: October 2022

The rapid progress in the use of textile fabric materials in various industrial and domestic applications requires the inclusion of smart functions to achieve comfortable and safety properties to the end users. However, among these functions is the protection against harmful UV rays that cause harmful effects to human beings and textile materials. To this end, coatings for smart textile fabrics have to be incorporated into textile fabrics. Therefore, in this review, recent advances in the development of coatings for sustainable textile fabrics for UV protection will be reviewed. Hence, the precursors, the synthesis routes and the types of coatings for sustainable textile fabrics will be reviewed. Furthermore, the UV protection action of the coatings for the protection of textile fabrics will be covered and studied. Interestingly, the multifunctional effect of the treated coatings, such as the antibacterial properties of the developed textile fabrics, will be also studied.
Improved Cycling Performance of Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Li1.2Ti0.4Mn0.4O2 Cathode through Mo-Doping and Al2O3-Coating
Authors: Li Zongchang , Zhang Zhihao , Huang Baojun , Wang Huanwen , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Jin Jun , Wang Rui
Published: October 2022

Cation-disordered rock-salt cathode material is a promising material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their extra-high capacities. However, the drawbacks of large first-cycle irreversible capacity loss, severe capacity decay, and lower discharge voltage have undoubtedly hindered their application in commercial systems. In this study, cation doping (Mo4+) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques were used to synthetically modify the Li1.2Ti0.4Mn0.4O2 (LTMO) material to improve the cycling stability. First, the optimal Mo-doped sample (Mo01) with the best electrochemical performance among the different doping amounts was selected for further study. Second, the selected sample was subsequently coated with an Al2O3 layer by the ALD technique to further optimize its electrochemical performance. Results show that the LTMMO/24Al2O3 sample, under optimal conditions, could obtain a specific discharge capacity of up to 228.4 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles, which is much higher than that of the unmodified LTMO cathode material. Our work has provided a new possible solution to address some of the capacity fading issues related to the cation-disordered rock-salt cathode materials.