bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPECTS OF INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN PATIENTS WITH ARDS CAUSED BY COVID-19
Authors: Loskutov O. A. , Kuchynska I. A. , Nedashkivskyi S. M. , Demchenko O. S.
Published: December 2021

Mortality among patients with severe pneumonia and / or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 infection, who underwent mechanical ventilation (MV), is characterized by a fairly high frequency. However, despite the large number of patients receiving appropriate treatment, the question of choosing the optimal ventilation parameters remains poorly understood. In our article, we reviewed the available literature data on the indications for mechanical ventilation, parameters of MV, the need for prone-positioning of patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19 infection in intensive care units to identify unresolved issues.Despite the large number of publications about respiratory support in patients with severe coronavirus infection, there are only general principles regarding the indications for switching to invasive ventilation. Most authors identified the following clinical situations: progression of hypoxemia and / or respiratory failure but with constant oxygen support with increasing percentage of oxygen in the respiratory mixture, use of high-flow cannula or non-invasive ventilation for 1 hour without improvement; persistent hypercapnia, multiorgan failure, coma, high risk of aspiration, hemodynamic instability.According to most of the studies analyzed, the main components of the ventilation strategy should be based on the principles of pulmonary protective ventilation and include the use of low tidal volumes (Vt = 4-8 ml / kg of ideal body weight) and ventilation with plateau pressure Pplat <30 cm H2O (plateau pressure - air pressure measured after an inspiratory pause of 0.5 s). At the same time, many authors recommend using prone position and high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) compared to low levels in patients with ARDS on the background of COVID-19.The approach to invasive mechanical ventilation in ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 still requires further research and answers to a number of questions.
LABOR ANALGESIA IN KIEV (UKRAINE)
Authors: Kuchyn I. , Govsieiev D. , Bielka K. , Romanenko A.
Published: December 2021

The problem of a labor pain is becoming very important for health care because insufficient analgesia for women during childbirth affects the quality of medical care. The complexity of the use in the system and approaches to providing care to citizens in Ukraine, and at the local level –  the interaction of the obstetrician with the women, anaesthetist and also the technical capabilities of public maternity hospitals [1].

For the last decade, epidural analgesia has been the «golden» method in labor analgesia. We searched numerous meta-analyzes about pain management during labor and delivery in the United States, they prefer epidural analgesia in 80-90% of women, while in the UK - 36% [2, 3].

Statistics from around the world indicate a relationship between pain relief and income levels, so in high-income countries, (HICs) women are more likely to be anesthetized during childbirth than in South Africa or Asia [4].

Although childbirth is a physiological and natural process, it needs pain relief. Nowadays a woman’s desire is a sufficient indication for labor analgesia, and this is her right [5]. The problem is to choose a pharmacological and / or non-pharmacological method of analgesia for a particular woman, which will be best for the parturient.

It should be noted that there is a separate group of women who choose to give birth at home to reduce the «aggression» of medical staff against women and her child, but they have a higher incidence of complications and increased mortality [6]. «Homebirth» in maternity hospitals helps to solve this problem.

A comprehensive questionnaire was created among seven state maternity hospitals in Kyiv to identify the current situation with the provision of maternity care and to analyze the main issues of labor analgesia in Kyiv.
PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS, DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF ANESTHESIOLOGICAL PROVISION, DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS AFTER FIREARMS WOUNDS OF THE LIMBS
Authors: Horoshko V. R. , Kuchyn Iu. L.
Published: December 2021

In combatants who have received firearms wounds during hostilities in the East of Ukraine, treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in 82.1% does not have a positive result. The peculiarities of its course are not studied, depending on the type of anesthesia during the implementation of reconstructive surgical interventions. In the long run, after such surgical interventions, the intensity of pain in the postoperative period may cause deepening of the PTSD and the development of its resistance to the intended treatment.
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COVID-19
Authors: Dubrov S. , Zaikin Y. M. , Cherniaiev S. V. , Baranovska T. V. , Denysiuk M. V. , Sereda S. O.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Most hospitalized patients with COVID-19, both in medical institutions in Ukraine and in other countries, are unreasonably receiving antibacterial drugs, despite the fact that secondary bacterial infections in patients with COVID-19 are extremely rare, as evi-denced by numerous scientific studies (from 3 up to 10% among hospitalized patients).The goal of the work. Conduct a retrospective analysis of the frequency of use and justification of the prescription of antibacterial drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in two medical institutions in the city of Kyiv.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 240 medical records of an inpatient (form 003 / y), randomly selected, hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 from September 2020 to April 2021, who were hospitalized in two communal medical institutions in the city of Kyiv.Results and discussion. The number of patients who received antibacterial drugs in the CUE KCCH №17 (antibacterial drugs were prescribed by concilium and only if there was a reasonable suspicion or confirmation of a bacterial infection) was 20 out of 120 (16.7%), while in the compared institution the frequency of prescription of antibacterial drugs accounted for 117 patients out of 120 analyzed cases (97.5%). The average length of stay of a patient on inpatient treatment in the two compared institutions had no statistically significant differences and was 11.2 ± 6.0 days in patients with the CUE KCCH №17, and 12.3 ± 4.6 days in patients from the control institution (р>0.05). The mortality rate did not differ between patients treated in both hospitals.Conclusions. After analyzing the results of the study, it can be concluded that the routine prescription of antibacterial drugs without available indications does not have the advantage of improving the quality of treatment for patients with COVID-19, does not reduce the duration of inpatient treatment and the mortality rate, does not prevent the risk of secondary bacterial infection in hospitalized patients. however, it leads to a significant increase in the cost of treating a case of the disease and leads to an increase in the resistance of hospital microorganisms to antibacterial drugs.
MOTIVATIVE FACTORS OF CHOICE OF SPECIALTY «ANAESTHESIOLOGY» BY INTERNAL DOCTORS
Authors: Pavlenko I. A. , Ivaniushko O. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. In the system of higher education, at the postgraduate level of specialist training, the formation of a doctor as a highly qualified specialist is possible only with the formed motivational and value attitude in his professional development. One of the current areas of research is to study the motivation of doctors, analysis of life values and needs underlying the work be have our, identify factors that motivate and demotivate, study their working conditions and search for motivational factors. The process of motivation includes the creation of readiness for action, the choice of direction (goals), means and methods of action, place and time of action, assessment of the probability of success, the formation of confidence in the correctness and necessity of action. The following factors take part in the process of motivation: needs, motives, worldview, peculiarities of character and self-positioning, physical and mental abilities, functional and emotional states, experiences, knowledge about the environment and forecast of its changes.

Goal. Identify the main motivating factors that contributed to the choice of interns in the specialty «Anaesthesiology». Employees of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care FPDO LNMU named after Danil Galitsky conducted an anonymous survey of 72 interns who are trained in the specialty «Anesthesiology». In the questionnaires it was proposed to assess 12 motivational factors for doctors-interns to choose a specialty, which are grouped into 4 blocks.

Results and discussion. Analyzing the results of the study, it can be argued that the popularity and prestige of the specialty «Anaesthesiology» is the leading motive for most interns. Motivational factors are a conscious internal motivation of the intern to actively choose a professional activity, and in fact, the results of our study show that most respondents have a high level of professional orientation, and motivational factors serve as an indicator of the intern’s willingness and willingness to work. The analysis of personal data showed that the motivation of the choice of respondents is focused on professional and medical values and motivation of the individual to carry out medical activities and the realisation of their own motives.

Conclusions. The choice of interns in the specialty «Anaesthesiology» is due to a complex combination of different motivational factors, the formation of which is laid down during training at clinical departments. Most respondents have a high level of professional orientation, which will lead to further self-realisation in the chosen specialty.
PATIENT SAFETY IN THE OPERATING ROOM: HELSINKI DECLARATION IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: BIELKA K. , KUCHYN I. , SEMENKO N.
Published: December 2021

Patient safety in the operative and perioperative period is critically important. The consequences of anesthesia complications have a significant impact on long-term surgical outcomes, quality of life of patients, morbidity and mortality.
The purpose of the study was to assess the implementation of the components of the Helsinki Declaration in the practice of Ukrainian hospitals.
Materials and methods. The survey was conducted in March-June 2021 by filling out a standard Google form. The link to the survey was distributed on the official page of the Association of Anesthesiologists of Ukraine, through social networks Facebook and Instagram on the official pages of the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of the Institute of Postgraduate Education of the Bogomolets National Medical University. A total of 174 respondents took part in the survey.
According to the results, 79.3% of respondents are aware of the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Anesthesiology. Among the respondents, only 43% stated that the principles of the Helsinki Declaration had been implemented in their medical institutions, and 20.9% about plans to implement the principles in the near future. At the same time, in 36% of medical institutions the principles of the declaration are not used and their implementation is not planned. The Safe Surgery checklist is always used by 18.7% of respondents, sometimes by 18.7%, and 29.2% of respondents have never about a checklist. Only 47% of doctors have an airway table in the operating room, and only 30% document the inspection of equipment before anesthesia. Most physicians noted that they used protocols in their practice, but 10% said they mostly did not. Regarding the report of complications, only 46% of hospitals have a separate form (journal), most doctors only inform the head of complications orally.
Measures to improve patient safety in medical institutions in 2012-2014 were implemented by 24.1% of respondents, in 2015-2017 by 19.1%, in 2018 – 10.6%, in 2019-2020 – 10,2% of respondents. Most of the respondents stated that the quality of the department’s work has improved and the level of patient safety has improved after the application of these principles in their work.
The study showed that while significant positive steps are being taken to improve patient safety, there are still many challenges and opportunities for improvement.
Convergent Total Synthesis of (+)-Calcipotriol: A Scalable, Modular Approach to Vitamin D Analogs
Authors: Gu Jieyu , Rodriguez Kevin , kanda yuzuru , Yang Shenghua , Ociepa Michal , Wilke Henrik , Abrishami Arteen , Joergensen Lars , Skak-Nielsen Tine , Chen Jason , baran phil
Published: December 2021

Vitamin D is a group of seco-steroids with diverse bioactivities. An enormous amount of effort was expended by medicinal chemists to search for Vitamin D analogs that could exhibit pro-differentiating and antiproliferative effects on normal and cancer cells as well as immunomodulatory effects without causing hypercalcemia. A convergent approach for the total synthesis of calcipotriol (brand name: Dovonex), a proven Vitamin D analog used for the treatment of psoriasis, and medicinally relevant synthetic analogs is described. Given the rich synthetic history of the Vitamin D family, a complete novel approach towards both the A-ring and CD-ring is reported. From a retrosynthetic standpoint, hidden symmetry within the decorated A-ring is disclosed, which allowed for scalable quantities of this advanced intermediate. In addition, a radical retrosynthetic approach is described, which highlights an electrochemical reductive coupling as well as an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-Giese addition to establish the 6,5-trans-carbon skeleton found in the Vitamin D family. Lastly, a late-stage decarboxylative cross-coupling approach allowed for the facile preparation of various C20-arylated derivatives which show promising biological activity in an early bioassay.
Rock College: An Unofficial History of Mount Eden Prison
Authors: Ti Lamusse
Published: December 2021

2020 should not only be defined by the mass death and social devastation of the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020 was also a year for a long-overdue global confrontation with the socially unjust consequences of justice systems around the world. Following the police killing of George Floyd, millions of people around the world took to the streets demanding ‘Black Lives Matter’, alongside calls to defund and disband the police. Tens of thousands took part in the successful ‘Arms Down’ campaign in Aotearoa to end a trial of Armed Response Teams. These movements put the question of racism and the future of the criminal justice system at the forefront of public debate.
List of Contributors
Authors: Dougal McNeill
Published: December 2021

Brief bio of each contributor.
An evaluation of some aspects of the educational value of the Dominion Museum's school service in the Wellington City area
Authors:   , Dearnley Garnet George
Published: December 2021

It was realised at the outset of this work that it would be very difficult to attempt a scientific and concrete evaluation of all the results which had been achieved by the Dominion Museum's Educational work. (Throughout this thesis the word 'museum' is to be taken as referring to the Dominion Museum's Educational work, unless it is specifically stated as not so doing.) There must be so many intangible results which by their very nature defy measurement, that any attempt to do so would be foredoomed to failure. Nevertheless such material as has been obtained by the use of objective scales of measurement does seem to me to contain some results of value.

While I have already a cknowledged to the people concerned my indebtedness to them; I feel that I must express again in this final result my deep gratitude to:

The pupils who provided the ma terial on which results were based, Teachers and Headmasters who co-operated, Mr Stannard and Miss Lawson of the Dominion Museum,
Mr Lopdell and Training college students for their help in distributing and collecting the questionnaires, and all the other people who in any way gave assistance.

The investigation was originally planned on a somewhat larger scale than is set down here, but in actual practice it was found that the work involved in what was eventually completed was quite sufficient.
An experimental investigation into children's misconceptions concerning the symbols for mathematical equality
Authors:   , Thurston John Benjamin
Published: December 2021

One of the commonest faults in children's statement
of an argument in arithmetic is the misuse of the sign of equality.
The following examples of statements, selected from children's work by the writer during his marking of Form I arithmetic, are
typical of the errors committed by children between ten and twelve
years of age.
Paetumokai : an inquiry into the social and family life of a rural town in New Zealand
Authors:   , Mckenzie Joan
Published: December 2021

This survey of Paetumokai, however, was not intended to be a complete
social survey of a small town, but rather a study of all those
organisations which in one way or another have a bearing upon family
life. In order to obtain a clear picture of this a questionnaire was
prepared and seventy families were interviewed. Before proceeding to a
discussion of the methods and techniques I adopted for this survey I
should like to present a brief sketch of the changes in general that
have occurred in family life. The normal minimum family into which a
child is born is one consisting of two parents in the special
environment of a home. This environment changes and establishes a
different background for each successive child. In all times of which we
have legendary or historical knowledge the family has existed and has
been responsible for the provision of the basic needs of its offspring -
food, clothing, shelter and education. As time went on and the needs of
mankind increased, the family, as a group, became involved in more and
more duties and responsibilities until it became a complex organisation
in which the participants filled many varied roles. Thus, in addition to
providing the staple needs already mentioned, the family has provided
work, education and apprenticeship, companionship, religion and social
life. Such then was the pattern of the emerging family of historical
times.
An investigation of the effect of the raising of the school leaving age in a rural district
Authors:   , Durward Marjorie Beryl Scott
Published: December 2021

The amendment or 1920 to the Education Act of 1914 ruled inter alia that every child between the ages of seven and fifteen years must attend school. This amendment, was held in abeyance for twenty-three years being put into operation by an Order-in-Council on 15th December 1943. Judging by the averages of the previous few years one result of the amendment is that 751 of those children who would have left school at the end or their primary school period have been obliged to continue their education in post-primary schools. This leads to speculation on the effect the legislation will have on a specific community, and to obtain a clear picture involves an analytical survey of the group chosen, taking in their educational needs, post-school aspirations and the opportunities for carrying such aspirations into effect, with, in passing what, if any, effect the legislation might have on the general labour situation.
Notes on educational aspects of the technical training given in the Royal New Zealand Air Force, with particular reference to the training given for the trades of flight mechanic and fitter two (engine)
Authors:   , White James Langton
Published: December 2021

It is the endeavour of the writer to give:
(i) A factual report upon the chief aspects of (a) the trade training
given in the Royal New Zealand Air Force during the period September
1939 to August 1945 and (b) the system of assessing standards attained
by the individuals concerned.

(ii) A detailed investigation into certain aspects of the training and
examining of personnel in two particular trades, viz., flight mechanic
and fitter two (engine), selected as typical of the more important Air
Force trades, and illustrative of (1) above; and an endeavour to
ascertain the success achieved in these trades by various types of
recruits.

(iii) A preliminary consideration of the extent to which Air Force trade
training has contributed (if at all) to the qualification of personnel
for civilian employment after demobilisation.
Estrategias e ideas de la PAF para la intervención con adolescentes
Authors:   Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Nebraska, USA, Newring Reo W. , Parker Chauncey R. ,   Private practice, Reno, Nevada, USA, Newring Kirk A.B. ,   Newring Behavioral Health, Papillion, Nebraska, USA, Cebrián Rebeca Pardo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Virues-Ortega Javier ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Cebrián Rebeca Pardo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Virues-Ortega Javier ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Published: December 2021

"Dedicar un capítulo a la psicoterapia analítico-funcional (PAF) y los adolescentes dentro de una terapia que se ocupa de la función por encima de la topografía, presenta algunos desafíos. En este capítulo comenzamos con una discusión sobre la adolescencia, y por qué es importante cuando se realiza PAF. Después de esa exploración, dirigiremos nuestra atención a aspectos relevantes de procedimientos de evaluación y a la conceptualización de un caso en curso con esta población. El núcleo de este capítulo es la práctica de la PAF con adolescentes, que se presta a una discusión de los problemas y dificultades que hemos experimentado en esta tarea. Hacia el final de este capítulo, pasamos a hablar de la conducta del terapeuta, y de cómo afecta a la PAF. Concluimos con una revisión de algunas de las consideraciones éticas únicas cuando se lleva a cabo la PAF con adolescentes y un ejemplo de un caso clínico..."
Terapia de pareja potenciada mediante PAF: perspectivas y posibilidades
Authors:   University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA, Gurman Alan S. , Waltz Thomas J. ,   University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA, Follette William C. ,   University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
Published: December 2021

"Un enfoque de Psicoterapia Analítico-funcional (Kohlenberg y Tsai, 1991) para la terapia de pareja o un enfoque mejorado por la PAF para otras variantes de terapias de pareja conductuales (Terapia de Pareja Conductual Integrativa, Terapia de Pareja Cognitiva Conductual, Terapia de Pareja Conductual Tradicional) puede parecer inevitable en el contexto de la rápida evolución de la “tercera ola” de la terapia conductual (Psicoterapia Analítico-funcional, Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso, Terapia Dialéctica Conductual). Y, sin embargo, en el mundo más amplio de la terapia de pareja y familiar, resulta chocante que un estilo de terapia mejorado por PAF raramente haya sido abordado (cf. López, 2003; Rabin et al., 1996)..."
GLOBALIZATION, INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Economics, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Mowe, Lagos, Nigeria., Ologundudu Mojeed Muhammed
Published: December 2021

To achieve a meaningful pace of economic growth, most developing countries throughout the world embark on various policy reforms, and one of the policy reforms adopted in Nigeria was globalization and trade liberalization. While such policies have not provided the desired effects due to their linkage effect, the adoption and implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to supplement government efforts in these economies has brought considerable results. However, this technical advancement is expected to have a rapid impact on Nigeria's economic development. The policy on ICT adoption began shortly after the civilian regime took control in the year 2000. The country's licensed telecommunication service providers have had some noticeable macroeconomic effects, such as job creation and the expansion of the scope of small and medium businesses, faster service delivery, lower transportation costs, increased security, and higher national output, as well as an increase in teledensity of both fixed and mobile lines. The model's findings revealed that current telecommunications investment had no effect on GDP growth, but that investments made in the preceding two years had a considerable impact on current GDP, even though government spending slowed growth. A similar discovery was made about computer usage and how it influences investment decisions in Nigeria's telecommunications sector.
FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT AND CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance,  College of Management Sciences, Bells University of Technology,  Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Mabinuori Oladotun , Njogo Bibiana ,   Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance,  College of Management Sciences, Bells University of Technology,  Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Jaiyeoba Oladele ,   Department of Taxation, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
Published: December 2021

The poor performance of Nigeria’s stock market is a source of concern and has generated contentious debates among the stakeholders in the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market (NSE). This study investigates the impact of foreign portfolio investment on the performance of the stock market in Nigeria for the period of 30years (1989-2018). Secondary and time-series data were used and the variables such as; stock market capitalization proxy for capital market performance, portfolio investment, exchange rate and inflation rate were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, 2019 To avoid spurious results, unit-root test and regression analysis were used as the tools of data analysis. Findings show that all the predictors have no significant impact on stock market capitalization except the exchange rate that is statistically significant at 5% critical value. However, the f-statistic results (18.83660) indicate that the combine variables have a significant impact on stock market performance in Nigeria. It was therefore concluded that foreign portfolio investment if properly encouraged serve as a Potent variaable for enhancing the performance of the stock market in Nigeria. The study recommends that, there is a need for the government through the central bank of Nigeria to implement a policies that will increase the level and size of market capitalization in the capital market. Such an increase in the capital market will provide the necessary funds for investors for further investments thereby increasing productivity in Nigeria.
Analysis of Network Optimization Technology in Communication Engineering Project
Authors:   Guangzhou Zhongnan Civil Aviation Management Communication Network Section, Guangzhou 510410, China, Xiang Hui
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the implementation of network optimization technology in communication engineering projects. At present, the network optimization technology in communication engineering projects has certain uncertainty, complexity and timeliness, so relevant personnel can improve the quality of communication engineering projects through cost optimization, time optimization, design optimization, resource optimization and other ways, so as to lay a foundation for the development and progress of social economy.
Practice of Small and Medium UAV in Large Scale Topographic Map
Authors:   BYD Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. Xi'an Branch , shanxi, xi’an 710038, China, Wei Yuxue
Published: December 2021

As a basic surveying and mapping work, small uav has been widely used in large scale topographic mapping. According to the needs of production and construction, digital mapping methods and aerial photogrammetry are used to provide technical support for large scale topographic mapping in engineering construction surveying and mapping, urban planning and construction, cadastral surveying and other directions. In order to control the small uav in the terrain elevation information, mapping proportion accuracy and other aspects to get better improvement, the practice of small uav in large scale topographic map is deeply analyzed, in order to understand the practical application value of small uav in large scale topographic map.
Analysis on Landscape Ecological Design in Landscape Archi- tecture
Authors:   Zhong Lian Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, China, Lang Yumin
Published: December 2021

With the advancement of China’s modernization process, the Chinese government and citizens are paying more and more attention to the development and progress of landscape design in the new era. Based on the actual construction process of garden landscape design will also cause a series of ecological environmental problems, so it is particularly important to strengthen the landscape ecological design in landscape gardens. For this reason, the paper made a simple analysis of the importance of landscape ecological design, design principles and measures to realize landscape ecological design, hoping to provide enlightenment and help to the development of landscape ecological design in Chinese landscape architecture.
Reflection on the Current Situation and Development Trend of Rural Landscape Design in Garden Planning
Authors:   Xinjiang Bokai Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China, Yan Hao
Published: December 2021

In the process of social and economic development, garden planning is gradually promoted, infiltrating rural landscape into landscape planning, which can not only innovate people’s life style, but also optimize the effect of garden planning. Based on this, the paper introduces the definition of rural landscape, analyzes the design significance of rural landscape, explores the basic design situation and development trend, and puts forward the precautions for garden planning.
Extension of Forestry Technology in Ecological Forestry Con- struction and Its Countermeasures
Authors:   Natural Resources and Planning Bureau (Forestry Bureau) of Taihe County, Fuyang City, Fuyang, Anhui, 236000, China, Guo Mingchao
Published: December 2021

Promoting the continuous and smooth development of ecological environment and forestry projects can effectively adjust the forest area climate, constantly purify the air in the forest area, and effectively avoid the serious desertification within the forest area land, so as to effectively improve the local ecological environment. At the present stage, due to the low promotion and application of technologies related to ecological forestry project construction in most parts of China and the lack of comprehensive and in-depth understanding, a lot of technical problems have emerged in the process of promoting the construction and development of ecological and environmental forestry projects. Based on this, this paper analyzes and explores the problems existing in the forestry technology promotion in the ecological forestry construction.
Discussion on the Design of Intelligent Management System of Facility Cultivation Temperature Based on Single-chip Micro- computer
Authors:   Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, China, Ma Liyuan
Published: December 2021

Under the background of the rapid development of single-chip technology, its application in the field of agriculture has become more and more prominent, especially in the process of designing agricultural product cultivation temperature intelligent management system, the full application of single-chip technology is to improve agricultural product facility cultivation temperature intelligence an important measure for the effectiveness of the management system. The intelligent management system for facility cultivation temperature based on single chip microcomputer can reduce the cultivation cost of agricultural products and increase productivity while ensuring the cultivation temperature of agricultural products. In this study, the analysis is mainly based on the function of the single-chip temperature control system of the single-chip microcomputer, and the specific design points of the temperature intelligent management system of the single-chip facilities are discussed to ensure that the temperature intelligent management system of the facility cultivation based on the single-chip microcomputer can automatically control the temperature. At the same time, strengthen the temperature detection and monitoring management in the process of agricultural product cultivation, and promote the modernization and intelligent development of China’s agricultural production.
The lower limit for FEV1/FVC in dive medical assessments: a retrospective study
Authors:   Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, Royal Netherlands Navy, the Netherlands, Wingelaar Thijs T ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Medical Centre, the Netherlands, van Ooij Peter-Jan AM ,   Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, Royal Netherlands Navy, the Netherlands,   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Medical Centre, the Netherlands, Endert Edwin L ,   Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, Royal Netherlands Navy, the Netherlands
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Interpreting pulmonary function test (PFT) results requires a valid reference set and a cut-off differentiating pathological from physiological pulmonary function; the lower limit of normal (LLN). However, in diving medicine it is unclear whether an LLN of 2.5% (LLN-2.5) or 5% (LLN-5) in healthy subjects constitutes an appropriate cut-off. Methods: All PFTs performed at the Royal Netherlands Navy Diving Medical Centre between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2021 resulting in a forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and/or FEV1/FVC with a Z-score between -1.64 (LLN-5) and -1.96 (LLN-2.5) were included. Records were screened for additional tests, referral to a pulmonary specialist, results of radiological imaging, and fitness to dive. Results: Analysis of 2,108 assessments in 814 subjects showed that 83 subjects, 74 men and nine women, mean age 32.4 (SD 8.2) years and height 182 (7.0) cm, had an FVC, FEV1 and/or FEV1/FVC with Z-scores between -1.64 and -1.96. Of these 83 subjects, 35 (42%) underwent additional tests, 77 (93%) were referred to a pulmonary specialist and 31 (37%) underwent high-resolution CT-imaging. Ten subjects (12%) were declared ‘unfit to dive’ for various reasons. Information from their medical history could have identified these individuals. Conclusions: Use of LLN-2.5 rather than LLN-5 for FEV1/FVC in asymptomatic individuals reduces additional investigations and referrals to a pulmonary specialist without missing important diagnoses, provided a thorough medical history is taken. Adoption of LLN-2.5 could save resources spent on diving medical assessments and protect subjects from harmful side effects associated with additional investigations, while maintaining an equal level of safety.
SPEECH ACTS IN PUBLIC FIGURES’ TWEETS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Authors: Stepanenko K. , Karpenko Y.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the detailed analysis and interpretation of the main speech acts used in the tweets of public figures. Our novel findings discover the major types of the speech acts found in the utterances of public figures related to the environment. Based on the studies of numerous scholars and rich theoretical background on speech acts theory, the study touches the aspect of global problems depicted in media discourse with regard to the pragmatic reference to the audience reaction. The methodology of this article begins with the task to collects the data in the English Twitter Corpus from the utterances of renown environmental activists. The highlight of the publication is the classification of these utterances supported by the numerical data. In addition to the illocutionary aspect, perlocutionary effect was identified proceeding from the reaction count. Along with a single and complex speech act, the authors identified the meaning of a complex speech act within the Twitter social networking service. Another major feature of the publication is identifying reversed speech acts used by the public figures for highlighting the importance of the topic raised on their microblogs. The present research explores the perlocutionary effect of the tweets by counting replies on tweets, quote tweets and likes. Having applied quantitative methods, the leading environmental topics were identified judging by the response of the audience. Calculated data is extensively used in the research to show the considerable impact of specific topics on the audience. This research will contribute to a deeper understanding of pragmatic study of social media for more profound arrangement of public figures’ speeches which can be translated to a schema for creating targeted social media discourse.
Memduh Şevket Esendal’ın “Bu Yollar Uzar” Adlı kısa öyküsünün metindilbilimsel açıdan incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Haydar
Published: December 2021

Türk Edebiyatı’nın tanınmış öykü yazarlarından biri olan “Memduh Şevket Esendal”, günlük yaşamın her hangi bir kesitini ele” alıp anlatan "Çehov Tarzı" öykü türü yazıların bilinen etkili isimlerindendir. Çehov’un karamsar yanı yerine yaşama ümit, neşe ve kuvvet veren yazılar yazmıştır. Eserlerinde sade, anlaşılır, temiz ve pürüzsüz bir üslup yaratarak her kesimden okuyucuya hitap etmiştir. Seçtiği konularda karmaşıklıktan uzak durmuş çoğu zaman sıradan insanların hayatlarına odaklanıp onların yaşamları hakkında yazılar yazmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı “Memduh Şevket Esendal”ın “Bu Yollar Uzar” adlı öyküsü, metindilbilimsel bağlamda çözümlenmektir. Yaygın metin incelemelerinden farklı olarak, metnin yüzeyinde yer alan unsurlardan hareketle derininde ortaya çıkan anlamsal yapılara ulaşma yöntemi olan metindilbilim, çağdaş dilbilim araştırmalarında tümce boyutu aşılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar neticesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. 1970'lerden beri dilbilimin farklı bir dalı olarak uğraş veren metindilbilim, metnin içindeki tümceleri birbirinden bağımsız unsurlar olarak değil, aralarındaki yapısal ve anlamsal bağlantılar yoluyla bir bütün olarak ele almaya başlamıştır. Çalışmada metin ve metindilbilim hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra adı geçen öykünün; küçük ölçekli yapı, (sözcüksel bağlaşıklık, eşdizimsel örüntüleme, yineleme, dil bilgisel bağlaşıklık, gönderim, eksilti, bağıntı ögeleri, zaman uyumu ve görünüş, işlevsel tümce yapısı ve örtük anlatım) büyük ölçekli yapı/bağdaşıklık (işlev, konu, başlık, içerik şeması, anahtar sözcükler, konu tümcesi/ana düşünce tümcesi, sözdizimsel biçem özellikleri, dilsel, anlamsal biçem özellikleri, anlatıcı bakış açısı, özet ve sonuç tümcesi) tespit edilerek öyküde var olan metindilbilimsel görünümler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çözümlemedeki temel amaç, metnin ana konusu ve bu konuyu meydana getiren alt konuların tespiti ve metnin görünen, anlaşılan kısmının yanı sıra derin yapısının yani metinde saklı olan unsurların meydana çıkarılmasıdır.
Defence mechanisms in literature: Wuthering Heights and Yeryüzünde bir Melek
Authors: ÜSTÜN KAYA Senem
Published: December 2021

The psychoanalytic approach in literary criticism can be perceived as an efficient way for the analyses of characters, events, and the impacts of society on personality development. As explained by Sigmund Freud (1962a), the struggle between the id (instincts) and the superego (society/environment) leads to conflicts for the ego (self) in actual life. In order to protect the ego from the undesirable experiences caused by the id, individuals tend to use ‘defence mechanisms’. Defence mechanisms were first posited by Freud and strengthened by his daughter, Anna Freud in The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936). In actual life, individuals consult defence mechanisms to avoid anxiety, sorrow and frustration. Therefore, they could both obey the societal expectations and protect their egos from undesired feelings. Similar to individuals in real world, in fiction, authors protect their characters from harsh situations via certain defence mechanisms. Through these devices, readers could understand and interpret the clashes in narration. This comparative study aims to analyse the defence mechanisms used by two literary female figures from different cultures: Raziye in Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s Yeryüzünde bir Melek (1878) and Catherine in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847). The analysis examines and exemplifies how and why Raziye and Catherine use “denial” and “projection” as defence mechanisms. The study concludes that both female protagonists consult defence mechanisms for two reasons: to protect themselves in patriarchal societies and to avoid undesirable feelings of guilt, shame and sorrow.
Adaptive Garlic Farming on Climate Change and Variability in Lombok
Authors: Mahmudah Nasibatul , June Tania , Impron
Published: December 2021

Climate change impact in Indonesia is generally characterized by changes in daily temperature, rainfall patterns, and sea level rise. These changes mainly influence agricultural practices for various crops, including garlic (Alium sativum L.).  Current knowledge on climate vulnerability related to agricultural impact in Indonesia is limited. This study aims to identify the level of vulnerability of garlic farmer households to climate change and provide recommendations for adaptation activities for garlic farmers. The household vulnerability profile was assessed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC approaches. We carried out interviews for 100 respondents in four villages in Lombok to obtain primary data related to agricultural practices. Relation between climate variables and garlic productivity was determined using linear regression approach. The results showed that rainfall and temperature had a negative correlation with garlic productivity as indicated statistical indicators used, namely R2. According to LVI and LVI-IPCC approach, Sembalun Timba Gading and Sajang have the highest level of vulnerability (0.60) and Sajang Village has the lowest level of vulnerability (0.55) among all villages. The findings suggested that climate information should be considered in agricultural sector for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Prevents Ischemia Reperfusion Injury but does not Prevent Tubular Dysfunction
Authors: Gonsalez Sabrina R. , Cortes Aline L. , Romanelli Mayara A. , Mattos-Silva Paula , Curnow Andrew C. , Prieto Minolfa C. , Einicker-Lamas Marcelo , Lara Lucienne S.
Published: December 2021

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) protects the kidneys from tissue ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), but its impact on renal function is primarily limited to glomerular function. We estimated the status of renal function by a complete glomerular and tubular functional analysis to test the hypothesis that LPA treatment during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) protects renal function by attenuating IRI. Male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral kidney I/R. Along with ischemia, LPA was administered. LPA increased levels of plasma LPA, downregulated LPA2R, prevented interstitial fibronectin and TGF-β1 accumulation, and prevented a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). I/R increased urine volume and proteinuria and decreased fractional Na+ excretion (FENa) and urine osmolality. These effects were not prevented by LPA. The reduction in FENa was attributed to disruption in tubular Na+ transport and downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. LPA treatment maintained (Na++K+)ATPase activity to the control level, due to a sustained sensitivity to PLC/PKC pathway. Na+-ATPase activity was insensitivity to LPA treatment. This ineffectiveness was associated with downregulation of LPA2R, resulting in low FENa. Altogether, LPA treatment maintained normal kidney structure and prevented the reduction of glomerular function. However, even in the setting of preserved GFR, impaired tubular function may present a high risk for silent progression of kidney disease.
Análise das percepções dos alunos de 2º ano do ensino fundamental sobre o bullying escolar
Authors: Silva Aparecida Abreu Ferreira Da , Santos e Campos María Aparecia
Published: December 2021

Estudo transversal sobre bullying escolar. Introdução: Identificar e conhecer as percepções das crianças do 2º ano do 1º ciclo do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública no município de Niterói, sobre o bullying escolar. Instrumentos de pesquisa: Entrevistas a aluno. Metodologia: método quali quantitativo. Amostra: aproximadamente 30 crianças do 1 º ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados coletados em questionários foram tratados estatisticamente e as entrevistas com alunos, gravadas, ouvidas e transcritas tendo uma análise de conteúdo, os resultados foram apresentados em dados estatísticos descritivos. Resultados: Este estudo possibilitou observar que as crianças trouxeram muitas informações a respeito do bullying e violência e foram claros e objetivos em suas respostas possibilitando clareza no trabalho referente a análise de conteúdo. Foi possível verificar que ao ter realizado um estudo que abordasse a cultura da infância, tendo sido utilizado narrativa infantil como um instrumento de análise metodológica, também nos indica caminhos seguros e práticos, para compreensão deste universo infantil, afinal eles sabem, compreendem e nos ajudam a entender como funcionam seus pensamentos e ideias sobre muitos assuntos. A compreensão do bullying como uma intimidação sistemática, pode esclarecer por muitas vezes aquele comportamento de suposta implicância de crianças nesta faixa etária e que alguns profissionais e familiares compreendem ser comum. Nestes casos seria pertinente uma ação formativa aos docentes e equipe administrativa a fim de validar o que as crianças estão trazendo para os adultos em relação às suas queixas em relação ao comportamento alheio.
El uso de herramientas tecnológicas en entornos virtuales para el desarrollo de la producción oral en Inglés en el Departamento de Lenguas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
Authors: Mendoza Navas Bessy Valeska , Martos Eliche Fermín
Published: December 2021

El auge en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y la obligatoriedad del uso de ambientes virtuales debido a la COVID-19 impulsaron el interés de conducir esta investigación en el campo de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, específicamente en el desarrollo de la producción oral a través de la implementación de Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) en la enseñanza en ambientes virtuales. Se consideró relevante adelantar una investigación que indagara cómo se están empleando los recursos y herramientas digitales que permiten trabajar la producción oral en la enseñanza virtual del inglés de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), mediante un diseño mixto no experimental ex post facto de campo de nivel exploratorio descriptivo sobre una muestra autoseleccionada de 39 participantes de corte transversal único a la que se le aplicó un cuestionario mixto autoadministrado de 47 ítems. Con los hallazgos encontrados a lo largo de esta investigación pudimos validar nuestra hipótesis alterna: H1 = la implementación eficaz de herramientas TIC favorecería la enseñanza y el desarrollo de la producción oral en el estudiante de inglés A1 de la UNAH. Se concluye que a pesar que los profesores de inglés del Departamento de Lenguas de la UNAH no estaban preparados para la enseñanza virtual ni contaban con experiencia para trabajar la producción de sus estudiantes en un ambiente virtual, estos profesores tuvieron una resiliencia generativa pedagógica ante la crisis que ha precisado la emergencia mundial generada por la pandemia del virus del COVID-19.