bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Study on Effect of Concentrated Growth Factors on Crestal Bone Levels and Peri-implant Bone Density in Dental Implants
Authors: Karthik V. C. , Prabhu K. , Bharath N. , Shobana P. , Indhu K. , Abraham Sonia , Arunalakshmi K.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Modern dentistry aims to restore the comfort and health of the stomatognathic system. Dental implants have emerged as a promising option for this purpose. Concentrated growth factors (CGFs) have been suggested to enhance the healing of bone grafts and enhance the integration of implants into the bone. Growth factors are proteins which regulate the complex process of wound healing. They play an important role in cell migration, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in the tissue regeneration phase. CGF was first developed by Sacco in 2006. It can be used as a barrier membrane to accelerate soft-tissue healing. CGF does not require any chemical or anticoagulants, and hence, it is free from viral transmission diseases. Crestal bone levels, peri-implant bone density, bleeding, probing depth, mobility, occlusion factors, restoration adequacy, radiographic images, oral hygiene, and patient health status are some of the important parameters for determining longevity of success rates in implant dentistry. This study will assess the peri-implant bone density and crestal bone levels with and without the use of CGF.

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of CGFs on peri-implant bone density and in the preservation of crestal bone levels around dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

For Group 2, implants were placed with CGF. For Group 1, implants were placed without CGF. The peri-implant bone density and bone levels were measured by Digora and signora software.

Results:

The mean crestal bone loss on the mesial aspect of implants placed in Group 2 is 0.294 mm and Group 1 is 0.345 mm, and the mean crestal bone loss on the distal aspect of implants placed in Group 2 is 0.320 mm and in Group 1 is 0.331 mm. There are no many significant differences on mesial and distal aspects around implants between the two groups Intragroup comparison of bone density values in Group 1 shows the mean difference from baseline to 1 month is 0.6, and after three and 6 months periods are 1.1 and 1.1, respectively, which indicates not much significant improvement in bone density values in Group 1. Intergroup comparison shows a significant difference between both the groups starting from as early as the 1st month.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that CGF is significantly better in the regeneration of bone around the implants when comparing with nonCGF groups. Although CGF showed improvement in bone formation, there are no many differences in crestal bone level changes on mesial and distal sides of the implants between the two groups.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Various Restorative Materials in Pulpotomized Primary Molars - In Vitro Study
Authors: Thomas Jeswin M. , Bhat Sham S. , Amutha Prabha A. Esai , Harris Anoop , Rinu K , Mohan Amala P
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:

Conventionally, stainless steel crown (SSC) is the preferred material for the restoration of pulpotomized primary molars. However, in situations where stainless steel cannot be used necessity for other restorative material arises.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the microleakage of several coronal seal materials in pulpotomized primary molars– in vitro.

Methodology:

Seventy-five primary molars were prepared with proximo-occlusal cavities. Restoration was done with Zinc oxide eugenol cement, SSC, composite resin, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GIC), and amalgam. Microleakage was assessed using dye penetration technique with stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis and Results:

The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to statistically analyze the results.

Conclusion:

With regard to this present study composite resin and resin-modified GIC offers a good alternative for SSC.
Interprofessional Management of Orofacial Pain
Authors: Avinash Bhagyalakshmi , Shivamallu Avinash Bettahalli , Ashwini T. S. , Sowmya H. K. , Ali Irfan , Kudagi Vishal S.
Published: July 2022

Orofacial pain is one the commonest chronic oral health disorder. Yet, its complete management is still a researchable matter as it is a disorder which is caused due to various factors. It is very rare is find a single etiology leading to orofacial pain. It often encompasses multiple etiological factors. Hence it is important to understand that not one but multiple healthcare professionals are needed for its successful outcome and thus forming an interprofessional management team becomes important.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to OMICRON among Health-Care Personnel
Authors: Izna  , Ravindranath Kolla Venkata , Shankar Kiran S. , Arfee Sakib , Padma Priya C. V. , Shetty Chitharajan , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

At the time when the world was unprepared for the corona pandemic, the health-care workers faced the challenge with great effort. Recently, the OMICRON has been burdening the medical fraternity. Hence, in our study, we aimed to evaluate the “knowledge, attitude, and practices” related to OMICRON among the medical health-care staff.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted an online cross-sectional questionnaire study using Google Forms among 1000 medical staff working at various levels of public and private sections. The questions were formulated to test for the practices, attitude, and knowledge of the new variant OMICRON. The data collected were compared using the Chi-square test, deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that majority were male participants, with significant number at the ages of 20–40 years. There was lower knowledge, although good practice and positive attitude were noted among the medical health staff.

Conclusion:

The medical health-care personnel possessed less knowledge regarding the new variant OMICRON, although positive practices and attitudes were noted. Hence, the governments should take necessary steps to implement the training about the new variant.
Students Perception toward Effectiveness of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Dental Students in India and United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bharath C. , Annamma Lovely M. , John Reena Rachel , Vidhya Bhuvanesh Kumar Dharani , Desai Vijay B.
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

The rationale of this study was to compare the efficiency of online learning and the differences in outcome between the two universities in India and United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a validated questionnaire among dental students of a dental college in India and a dental college in the UAE. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22, and comparison was done using the Chi-square test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

A total of 491 students responded to the questionnaire, of which 314 were from India and 177 from UAE. The awareness of online learning among students had increased after COVID-19, and Zoom was the most common platform (30.9%). The satisfaction ratio was 78.4%, and smartphones were commonly used by students. Based on the satisfaction of online learning, study participants from UAE had a higher mean attitude score (2.72 ± 0.98) as compared to Indian students (2.47 ± 0.77) (P < 0.027*).

Conclusion:

The study results show that online learning was comparable to traditional method of learning. Although poor network connectivity was a deterrent for online learning among students from India and UAE, future teaching methods could inculcate online teaching methods and hence encourage blended learning as part of the teaching curriculum.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing – A Dental Perspective
Authors: Rao Dipasha , Avinash Bhagyalakshmi , Raghunath N. , Kudagi Vishal S. , Kumar Shruthi S. , Oommen Karuna
Published: July 2022

What is Sleep Disordered Breathing? What are the causes of Sleep Disordered Breathing? What role does an Orthodontist play? The article aims at answering such questions and spreading the ideology and seriousness of this disorder. Normal sleep involves air passing through and going directly down to the lungs. With an obstructed airway, the structures in the back of the throat occlude the airway due to an inadequate motor tone of the tongue and airway dilator muscles, and thus, prevent the air from passing.
Teeth Mutilation
Authors: Ahmed Sura Ali , Dhabi Huda Irfan
Published: July 2022

Teeth mutilation is referred to as intentional trauma and tooth modification. Since ancient past, they represent various social and cultural habits in different parts of the world, they could be symbol of beauty and youth, strength since the ancient past, clinically, it can be presented by notching, drilling, chipping, grinding, grooving, sharping, filling, staining, and covering the crown by precious metals or even tooth extraction. Teeth mutilation helps to identify the ethnicity of the individual by forensic experts and forensic odontologists; it can also associated with syndromes as Lesch–Nyhan syndrome; furthermore, teeth mutilation can result in reduction or even permanent impairment of the oral system. There is a need of educational and awareness programs regarding this phenomenon and its consequences in different regions of the world.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (Kap) Survey on the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries (Tdis) among Dental Students in Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (Psau), Alkharj
Authors: Uthman Uthman
Published: July 2022

Background:

Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is described as a lesion of variable extension, intensity, and severity caused by forces acting on teeth due to falls, fights, traffic accidents, collisions against objects or people, and para-function and/or as a result of an assault. Appropriate treatments of TDIs can improve the outcome chance and reduce stress and anxiety for both patients and the dental team. Despite the importance of this topic, there remains a paucity of evidence on the current situation of TDI management among dental students in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University.

Objectives:

To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of dental students about the management of TDIs and compare the knowledge according to the year of study.

Methodology:

A KAP survey was conducted on undergraduate dental students at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University dentistry college. All clinical dental students (4th–5th year) and interns enrolled during the 2019–2020 academic year were invited to participate in the study (n = 92). Participants filled out a questionnaire containing 16 items related to KAPs toward the management of TDIs.

Results:

The majority of fifth-year students (78.8%) and interns (70.8%) perceived that TDIs have the priority to be seen as an urgent case, compared to only 45.7% of fourth-year students (P = 0.013). Also, more than half of study participants reported not following any protocol for TDIs with no significant differences between study years. Furthermore, 69.7% of fifth-year students and 66.7% of interns considered the Hanks-balanced solution as the best medium for storing an avulsed permanent tooth.

Conclusion:

The current results demonstrated a significant shortage in the KAP toward TDI management among dental students in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. Almost half of the students (45.7%) did not know any guidelines for the treatment of TDIs. The majority of study participants had no exposure to any previous workshops, symposiums, or conferences about managing TDIs, which makes it more difficult for them to understand and manage dental traumatic injuries. Hence, there is a need to assess the reasons behind this issue and develop solutions to improve the current situation.
The Perception of Evidence-based Dentistry among Dental Professionals in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aboalshamat Khalid , Alharbi Raghad , Alharbi Ahad , Alfozan Aram , Alahdal Sally , Aldehri Sarah , Nassar Afnan Anas
Published: July 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused extraordinary changes in dental practices, including evidence-based dentistry (EBD). Despite dental practitioners' positive attitudes toward EBD, implementation has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of EBD among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia and explore the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on perceptions of EBD.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed electronically to dentists and dental students in Saudi Arabia. Multiple linear regression and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:

The mean knowledge score was 48.33 ± 13.63 out of 70 points, with 37.31% to 60.45% awareness of EBD components. Only 37% were aware of the Cochrane Collaboration. Specialist/consultants and participants from the central region had significantly better knowledge scores. Lack of time (75.60%) was the most significant barrier to EBD. Only 36.60% of participants used EBD for treatment procedures. Most (72.4%–80.6%) believed the pandemic increased EBD's importance, 67.70% believed that EBD should be mandatory, and 62.90% believed all decisions in dental clinics will follow EBD in the future. However, 53.50% reported that EBD material was difficult to follow during COVID-19.

Conclusions:

The level of knowledge about EBD among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia is relatively acceptable. It is difficult to put EBD to practice due to the overwhelming flow of information. More educational and organizational efforts should be implemented to advocate for EBD.
Effect of Dietary Amino Acids L-Arginine and Lysine on Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Ramanathan Visalakshi , Venugopalan Suresh , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Ramadoss Ramya , Kumar Satish M , Kannan R Kamala , Jayakumar Arun , Duraisamy Revathy
Published: July 2022

Background:

Low protein diets have been linked to decreased bone strength in humans. Arginine and lysine can help improve the healing process and stimulate growth factors.

Aim:

To evaluate if dietary arginine and lysine combination aids in reducing the time frame for osseo-integration process and bone formation in animal models.

Materials and Methods:

Controls (Group I) and Experimental (Group II) consisted of twelve New Zealand rabbits. Animals in the experimental group were fed a conventional pellet food, water, and the amino acids L-Lysine and L-Arginine (Biovea, USA), whereas those in the control group were offered a standard diet. In both groups of animals, titanium implants measuring 2.5mm* 6mm were implanted in each tibial osteotomy. At the end of two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks, the animals were euthanized. The tibial bone was removed and preserved in 1% formalin. The samples were analysed histologically for presence or absence of Necrosis, presence or absence of clot formation, Vascularization, Fibroblast, Osteoblasts and Osteoid Bone growth.

Results:

Histological outcomes on vascularization, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoid bone growth inferred no significant variation between the control and experimental groups after 8 weeks (P>.05).

Conclusion:

Vascularity, clot organisation, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoid bone production in the protein fed experimental group animals were better in initial stages of healing when compared to control groups.
Comparison of Chlorhexidine and Hydrogen Peroxide as Preprocedural Mouthrinse during Ultrasonic Scaling
Authors: Nisha Swet , Karmakar Shaswata , Das Srijita , Jana Debapratim , Ali Nada Musharraf , Shashikumar Pratibha
Published: July 2022

Background:

Every year, around 2 million people suffer from hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Aerosols are produced while performing ultrasonic scaling. They are potential source of infection and cross contamination. It can result in spread of several infections including hepatitis, HIV, SARS CoV 2, etc. Preprocedural rinse before scaling is considered an effective measure to reduce the microbial load in aerosols.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial performed on 90 participants diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Random allocation of participants into three groups, i.e., Group-1, Group-2, and Group-3, was done, wherein 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and distilled water (DW) were used, respectively, as preprocedural mouthrinse. The participants of each group were instructed to perform mouthrinse for 60 s before the start of ultrasonic scaling sessions. Blood agar plates were kept at three locations, i.e., operator's chest area, patient's chest area, and assistant's chest area for aerosol collection after scaling. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted for microbiological analysis.

Results:

Least number of CFUs was found in the CHX group, followed by HP and DW groups. Location wise, the patient's chest area had the highest CFU count and the least was at the assistant's chest area. CFU count between the groups was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Preprocedural rinse using HP can effectively be used as a method to reduce dental aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling.
Evaluation of Efficiency of Dyes in Detection of Cancer Cells
Authors: Ravindranath Kolla V. , Karpe Tanveer , Gabhale Sanjay D. , Dutta Smita D. , Tiwari Rahul V.C. , Javed Muhammad Q. , Tiwari Heena D.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The early detection of the cancer will dramatically improve the prognosis. There are many diagnostic aids that can be employed for screening. Hence, in our study, we aim to evaluate the efficiency of dyes in detection of cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a prospective clinical study among 30 subjects to detect the efficiency of two dyes—Lugol's iodine and toluidine blue. They were grouped equally for potentially malignant and malignant lesions. The areas were analyzed for the diagnostic accuracy of the dyes using the histopathological examination and compared using chi square test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that both the dyes showed a diagnostic accuracy of over 90% when used alone or in combination. Both the dyes had greater sensitivity while specificity was 20%.

Conclusion:

The combination of these two dyes can be used as an efficient screening aid for the identification of the cancer cells.
The Design, Development, and Calibration of Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs Probe for Measurement of Cervical Abrasion
Authors: Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , Varghese Sheeja S. , Shenoy Rekha Prashanth
Published: July 2022

Context:

Although a common dental problem, there are no simple instruments or reliable methods to measure cervical abrasion.

Aim:

To study the design, development, calibration, efficacy, and compliance of usage of a novel Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Need (CAITN) probe to measure cervical abrasion.

Settings and Design:

The ex-vivo study was conducted as a part of comprehensive study for the development of standardized CAITN probe and index with a standard methodology for recording the abrasion.

Materials and Methods:

The compliance and usage of the probe were assessed by a standardized set of questionnaires to the interns followed by an ex-vivo study in 100 subjects. Gold standard comparisons with Vernier caliper, inter-examiner, and intra-examiner reliability were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

Data from the questionnaire indicate that 100% of examiners had no difficulty in handling the instrument or measuring and reading the values. Comparison between the CAITN probe and the gold standard was statistically significant indicating a correlation for cervical abrasion measurement between the two methods (p < 0.001). The mean difference between the two measurements using the CAITN probe and gold standard method was calculated with paired t-test and was insignificant (p > 0.05). High statistical significant correlation was also found for intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability measurement of CAITN probe (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The design and structure of the CAITN probe are standardized with a fair gold standard comparison and that the novel probe can be used as an effective tool to measure the depth of cervical abrasion and its treatment needs.
Innovative Technique for Fabrication of Forefinger Prosthesis
Authors: Bashir Taseer , Sapri Ahmed Mohammed Saaduddin , Tiwari Aanshika , Basaqr Abdulrahman A. , Almoqiteef Fahd Mohammad Nasser , Zainab A. , Ahmad Naeem , Kamal Deema
Published: July 2022

Traumatic finger digit amputation may affect patient's psychology also along with a serious injury to the affected hand. Recently, advanced micro-surgical re-implantation can help save a damaged human finger that is badly injured and/or amputated. Considering its associated financial burden, a vast majority of such patients cannot afford it. For such patients, a hand/finger prosthesis may act as a blessing, boosting social performance. In the present case report, an innovative type of prosthesis finger replacement method is discussed.
Adjunctive Techniques and Diagnostic Aids in the Early Detection of Oral Premalignant Disorders and Cancer
Authors: Pandarathodiyil Anitha Krishnan , Vijayan Srinivas Prasad , Milanes Danilo , Chopra Varun , Anil Sukumaran
Published: July 2022

Oral cancer (OC), a potentially fatal disease, is a major health concern across the world. It is reported to be the sixth most common cancer in the world with a disappointingly low 5-year survival rate, despite major advances in onco-medicine in the past three decades. The low 5-year-survival rate is associated with late diagnosis of the disease, while OC diagnosed at early stages enjoy a much higher 5-year-survival rate, comparatively. Although the oral cavity is one of the most easily accessible parts of the body for cancer screening, OC is typically diagnosed at later stages. The delay in diagnosis is one of the factors for the poor 5-year survival rate and high mortality and morbidity among patients. Therefore, an early diagnosis is of utmost importance. Visual and tactile examination and scalpel biopsy are still considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and OC. Nevertheless, adjunctive techniques could be employed to increase the ability to distinguish benign abnormalities from dysplastic/malignant changes. These would also aid in identifying areas of dysplasia/early OC that are not visible to the naked eye and tackle the delay in diagnosing OPMD/OC. These adjunctive tools are not a replacement for visual and tactile examination but are supplementary aids. They could be used to screen healthy patients for the presence of any occult cancerous change and evaluate the biological potential of clinically abnormal mucosal lesions, thus enabling early recognition and diagnosis which might increase survival rate and reduce mortality and treatment-associated morbidity.
Assessment of Utility of Lycopene, Selenium, and Vitamin E in Management of Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Manas Abhigyan , Venkateswararao CH , Vaid Shivali , Dhakray Khanna Vidhi , Muhaseena M , Alvi Sadaf
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To assess the utility of lycopene, selenium, and vitamin E in the management of leukoplakia.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational prospective study, 52 patients of oral leukoplakia were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients were prescribed 6 mg of lycopene, 400 I.U. of vitamin E, and 200 μg of selenium twice a day. Group II patients were prescribed a placebo capsule. The clinical improvement was recorded in both groups.

Results:

The mean pretreatment size of lesion in group I was 9.24 cm2 and in group II was 8.52 cm2. Post treatment size was 1.52 cm2 in group I and 6.28 cm2 in group II. There was a significant reduction in the size of lesion in group I compared to group II (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The treatment with a combination of lycopene, selenium, and vitamin E is useful and effective in managing the cases of oral leukoplakia.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Hubballi Propolis against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans One of the Major Causative Organisms of Perimplantitis
Authors: Srinivas Sowmya , Ravi M. B. , Ram Keerthi , Jaishankar Homberhalli HP , Nagaraja Manjunatha S , Gowrav M. P. , Ramesh KSV
Published: July 2022

Background:

Peri-implantitis can be attributed to many underlying causes, one of the chief ones being due to infection caused by oral micro flora and particularly Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Antibiotics are administered along with mechanical debridement to control the infection. The side effect of conventional antibiotic therapy and drug resistance has led to the necessity for alternate approaches to handle infections. Natural products are being investigated because of their multi-target activity and structurally different from the normal antibiotics. Propolis a product by Apis Mellifera bees as a wound healing and bone regenerating effect along with antimicrobial effect. One of the important features of Propolis is the chemical properties of Propolis changes with the different locations of procurement. Antimicrobial activity of Hubballi propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is not been reported in the literature.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the Hubballi Propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Methods:

The two solvents used for the study were water and 70% Aq ethanol. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were tested.

Results:

Hubballi Propolis sample showed antimicrobial effect against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans with MIC range from 0.1 mg/ml to 0.25 mg/ml.

Conclusion:

Hubballi Propolis is effective against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection thus may help in treating peri-implantitis. Propolis extracted with water as solvent showed better MIC, higher TPC and TFC than the propolis extracted using alcohol as solvent. This feature is noteworthy as the formulations produced using water extract is favorable than alcohol extract of propolis which irritates the mucosa and hence difficult for its application in dentistry.
Influence of Domestic Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Women's Periconceptional Stage and Associated Risk of Oral Cleft in Offspring
Authors: Ravi M. B , Srinivas Sowmya , Swamy K. N Raghavendra , Anupama A , Roy Akanksha , Gowrav MP , Achar Raghu Ram
Published: July 2022

Background:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of chemicals with an omnipresence in the environment and our surroundings. With their genotoxicity and carcinogenic nature, it has been proven to be monstrous in our daily life and, especially for pregnant women and their newborn.

Aim:

This questionnaire study was done to verify the influence of domestic exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons on women's periconceptional stage and risk of oral cleft in offspring in the suburban and the rural population of Mysore.

Methodology:

Two hundred pregnant women as patients from four different hospitals in Mysore were given a questionnaire to be filled with 24 parameters ranging from the knowledge to various means of exposure to the pregnant women with the PAH and the severity and the extent of the orofacial defect in the newborn.

Results:

It was determined that exposure of pregnant women to the smoke emanating from the method of cooking or heating to smoking (first or passive) and the direct inhalation of gas had the maximum effects on the association of cleft palate (60.7%) in unilateral followed by 90.9% in bilateral, 65.0% in soft tissue, and 76.2% in hard tissue cleft palate.

Conclusion:

The deleterious effects of the cooking and water heating measures practiced in the suburban and the rural population predisposed the pregnant women to significantly higher chances of offspring with the varied extent of the orofacial defect. There is an influence of domestic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on women's periconceptional stage and risk of oral cleft in offspring.
An Establishment of Various Cephalometric Parameters in an Urban Setup in Odisha and Linking it with the Discernment of Pleasant Profiles by Lay Persons
Authors: Bhushan Vidya , Mohanty Pritam , Dash Samarendra , Bindhani Bikash Ranjan , Dash Sonika , Rai Shilpa
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To evaluate cephalometric parameters of orthodontic population in an urban setup in Odisha using Steiner's, Tweed's and Rakosi's analysis and compare it with the established Caucasian norms.

Methodology:

Pre-treatment patient records from a dental hospital were collected. Lateral cephalograms of the normal and supernormal sample were traced. Cephalometric features relating to various facial hard tissue that determine balance and harmony were measured using Steiner's, Tweed's and Rakosi's analysis. The values obtained were compared with the established Caucasian norms. Comparison of mean values were done via independent sample t test and ANOVA. Subsequently post hoc Tukey's was used to establish the significance of the mean difference of all the variables used.

Results:

Significant differences were obtained for lower incisor to NB, mandibular plane angle, FMA, FMIA, articular angle, basal plane angle, inclination angle, Rakosi Jarabak ratio and interincisal angle.

Conclusion:

Fundamental variations were seen in various parameters. Perception of lay persons can be of aid to the clinician in assembling commendations for alternative treatment plans.
Determination of Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Sukanya D. , Upasana L. , Deepak T. A. , Abhinethra M. S. , Choudary Sailaja
Published: July 2022

Context:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is chronic, scarring disease of the oral cavity. Cytokines and growth factors produced by inflammatory cells play a major role in its pathogenesis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) application, which has an anti-inflammatory, was used to determine the improvement in mouth opening.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) in OSMF treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients who were diagnosed with OSMF after obtaining consent form and ethical clearance were included. LLLT was applied for 4 cycles for 15 s each in the left and right buccal mucosa. Therapy was done on day 0, 3, 7, and 15 and measurements were done immediately after each LLLT application. Patients were recalled after 1, 3, and 6 months from the commencement of the therapy for follow-up measurements.

Results:

The mean increase in mouth opening following application of LLLT from day 0 to day 15 was 9.91 ± 3.34, and day 1–6 months was 14.29 ± 6.82, which was statistically significant.

Conclusions:

The study shows significant improvements in the mouth opening of the OSMF patient during treatment and postoperatively. Thus, our study confirms LLLT can be used as one of the modality in OSMF management.
Assessment of Healing and Pain Response at Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Sites with and Without Pre- and PostOperative Photobiomodulation at Red and Near-Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Gururaj Soumya Bardvalli , Shankar Shrinidhi Maji , Parveen Fathima , Chidambar Chethana Kunthur , Bhushan Kala , Prabhudev Chaitra Magnur
Published: July 2022

Background:

Photobiomodulation (PBM), formerly known as low-level laser therapy, has been successfully used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in postoperative care. It is also known to have a positive effect on healing and regeneration, at an appropriate power and wavelength.

Aim:

The main objective was to assess the effect of preoperative as well a postoperative irradiation with low power of 100 milliwatts (mW) and 810-nanometer (nm) (near-infrared) and 660-nanometer(nm) (red) wavelengths on healing as well pain at mandibular third molar extraction sockets.

Methodology:

Twenty-six patients who were scheduled for mandibular third molar extractions were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The experimental group consisted of 13 patients who were subjected to 810-nm irradiation at 100 MW at the site immediately before and after the extraction was completed. In addition, they also received a transcutaneous irradiation of 660-nm wavelength light 1-day postoperatively. The control group received no irradiation immediately after postextraction or the day after. Pain and healing were assessed using the visual analog scale and Turnbull and Howley's Index for soft-tissue healing on the 7th and the 21st days. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test.

Results:

The results showed clinically significant improvements in healing index scores and pain scores of the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

PBM at an appropriate wavelength is a potential tool for the management of pain and accelerating healing at mandibular third molar extraction sites.
Self-revascularization Following Horizontal Root Fracture with Lateral Luxation Injury in a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor
Authors: Alnassar Faisal
Published: July 2022

Repair or regeneration of the pulp, following trauma, is a part of the wound healing process. However, pulp necrosis or root resorption, whether partial or complete, might obstruct this process. Because of the neurovascular bundle at the apical foramen and the periodontal ligament, the pulp in this fragment generally remains normal when the apical fragment is not moved. We describe a mature upper left central incisor with a horizontal root fracture in the mid-third of the root and lateral luxation that healed on its own after undergoing a procedure called self-revascularization. The fracture was detected during a routine dental checkup on a tooth that was asymptomatic. Two tooth pieces with trabecular bone between them were discovered using periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Therefore, the endodontic intervention was not needed. Regular follow-up after trauma is mandatory to evaluate any signs of pulp necrosis. CBCT can help assess healing and identify resorption.
To Check the Reliability of Various Cephalometric Parameters used for Predicting the Type of Malocclusions and Growth Patterns
Authors: Pawar Ranjit Omprakash , Mane Dipali Raghunath , Patil Chetan Dilip , Bhalerao Snehal Vijay , Parkar Aameer Fazluddin , Agarwal Shivam
Published: July 2022

Background:

There are many different types of malocclusions that may result from the sagittal, vertical, or transverse deviations in normal craniofacial development. When it comes to orthodontic problems, malocclusions in the sagittal plane may have a considerable impact on a person's self-esteem as well as their ability to speak and eat properly. Sagittal anomalies in the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue systems may now be accurately diagnosed using a universally accepted standard lateral cephalogram (SLCE).

Methods and Materials:

The principal investigator manually traced the cephalograms, identified skeletal landmarks, and measured the following data. The ANB angle (normal range: 0° to 4°) is the angle framed by the point A, Nasion, and B. Estimated oppositely from point A and B on the functional occlusal plane, with Wits evaluation: AO-to-BO direct distance. AB plane angle : the angle formed by the AB and the Npog plane (normal range = -9° to 0°). Beta angle: the angle framed by the A-CB and AB lines, with a typical range of 27° to 35°. W angle: this is the angle created by the opposite line from M to the S-G line and the M-G line, with a typical range of 51 to 55 degrees. The angle of convexity: the angle between N-point A and A-Pog. (Normal range: -8.5 to 10 degree)

Results:

We utilised Pearson correlation to see how well the different skeletal studies correlated with one another. Wits and the ANB angle of convexity exhibited an excellent relationship with each other, with r = 0.831 and Downs angle of convexity (both r = 0.823 and P = 0.01) being statistically significant. This study used Kappa statistics to assess the degree of agreement between several cephalometric diagnostic criteria. The agreement between the ANB and final groups was strong (k = 0.802, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

There was a strong link between all of the cephalometric measures. The cephalometric landmark and valid indication was determined to be the most dependable in evaluating malocclusion and development pattern.
Success of Dental Implant Influenced by Abutment Types and Loading Protocol
Authors: Mayuri Sneha , Irfan Ahamed KA , Raj Ritu , Sen Amrita , Malik Rajvir , Bandgar Subhash , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: July 2022

Background:

Dental implants are considered better, latest, and most advanced technique of teeth replacement in present times with more teeth loss and increased related concerns.

Aims:

The present clinical trial was carried out to assess marginal bone loss and implant failure in immediate and delayed loading implants. The study also evaluated healing using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the effect of risk factors on marginal bone loss.

Materials and Methods:

The 44 subjects were randomly divided into two groups with immediate loading and delayed loading protocols. Various soft-tissue parameters were seen clinically. Quantitative PCR was done to detect biomarkers. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation with a level of significance at P < 0.05 and the results were formulated.

Results:

Concerning marginal bone loss, it was seen that for delayed loading, the bone loss at the implant level was 1.52 ± 0.14, 0.19 ± 0.11, and 0.40 ± 0.12, respectively, at placement, 1 and 2 years. Plaque and mucosal bleeding scores were low at the time of placement with respective values of 0.96 ± 0.12 and 28.42 ± 3.15 for the delayed loading group and 0.98 ± 0.11 and 30.24 ± 3.15 for the immediate loading group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) showing remodeling was high at 3 months in delayed loading (13.3 ± 8.5). Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was highest in delayed loading at 3 months (25.2 ± 7.7) and immediate loading at 2 days (32.6 ± 13).

Conclusion:

Both immediate loading and delayed loading implants show similar results in terms of bone loss, soft-tissue parameters, and biomarkers in sulcular fluids with relatively few and manageable complications.
Assessment of Efficiency of Diode Laser in Root Canal Disinfection
Authors: Maiti Niladri , Benedicenti Stefano , Henna  , Ambesh Sahitya , Gudapati Swapnika , Mustafa Mohammed , Agarwal Kishan
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

For the complete removal of the intracanal debris and the infectious agents, the intracanal irrigation plays a significant role. Hence, in our study, we assessed the efficiency of diode laser in root canal disinfection.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an in vitro study on 45 extracted single noncarious teeth. We equally divided the teeth into controls, Endovac, and diode laser. Later the mean colony-forming units (MCFU) of the Enterococcus faecalis were calculated and compared statistically.

Results:

We observed that the MCFU in the controls, Endovac, and diode laser was 108/ml, 104/ml, and 0, respectively, after the incubation.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that diode laser can be successful in irrigation of the root canals.
Evaluation of the Root Canal Morphology of Human Teeth by Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomographic – A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Navas Jasneed M. , Doranala Suryasowjanya , Khushnud Azima , Sinha Joyshree , Jadhav Apurva Ashok , Gudapati Swapnika , Syed Afroz Kalmee
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

To thoroughly plan and execute any dental treatment, the anatomy of the dental root canals is of prime significance. Hence, in this systemic review, we intend to evaluate the cone beam computed and micro-computed tomographic presentations of the root canal morphologies of the secondary teeth.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted the search for the data from the online sources such as the “EMBASE,” “Pubmed,” “Scopus,” and other sources. Only human studies were collected. Terms searched were cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), micro-computed tomography, permanent teeth, and root canal morphology. The data extraction and meta-analysis were based on the PRISMA guidelines.

Results:

A total of 170 studies were initially considered for the study. After the application of the inclusion and the exclusion criteria, only ten studies were qualified for the study. In 2 studies, the comparison was done between the conical beam and the microtomograhic views for assessing the root canal anatomies. There were, however, three studies that did not conclude any significant relation between the two imaging systems. When the risk of bias was calculated for the ten studies, there were only low and moderate for the ten included studies. The pooled prevalence among the genders were 21.4% (14.0%–24.6% confidence interval [CI] 95%) and 25.3% (20.0%–30.7% CI 95%), respectively, with high heterogeneity values (= 99.30% and 98.50%, respectively), but no statistical significance (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Both the imaging systems CBCT and the microtomography can be used with accuracy in the evaluation of the anatomic variations of the human root canal. However, a definition is dependent on the voxel size.
Assessment of Oral Health Care-Related Expenditure among People of Kerala
Authors: Syamkumar V. , Bhat Padma K. , Nair Roopesh Uthaman , Suresh Kevin , Kumbla Shruthi , Nair Achuthan
Published: July 2022

Background:

Oral health is an effective unit of general health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are considered to be the major diseases present in modern times. Over the decades, the idea of maintaining effective oral health and interest in oral health prevention measures has diminished; thus increasing the cost of health care.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to estimate the household expenditure on oral health care among people residing in Kerala, India.

Materials and Methods:

Five hundred participants were surveyed who were residents of Kerala. A self-administered questionnaire that was tested and validated was used to assess the cost of oral health care. Data collected were analyzed using software for IBM SPSS version 23 for Windows (New York, USA).

Results:

Of 500 people, 37% are men and 63% are women. 100% of people reported using a toothbrush as an oral hygiene aid. 65% of households reported changing toothbrush for 3 months or more, while 35% of families changed for 1 month or less. Significant statistically weak correlation was observed when education, employment, and income were compared to the annual expenditure on dental care. Furthermore, there has been a moderately strong correlation observed between the socio-economic status of families and the annual cost of dental care.

Conclusion:

People should be aware of preventive oral hygiene aids, and appropriate policies should be formulated which will ultimately result in decreased expenditure on a curative aspect of the dental disease.
Assessment of Failure Rate of Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Haroon T. Mohamed , Mogla Sahil , Gupta Anusar , Loganathan Jeevanandam , Ahammed A. Niaz , Kommuri Sirisha
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The most common for the replacement for the teeth are the partial dentures. Hence, in our study, we analyzed the failure rates of the fixed partial dentures (FPDs).

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study from the institutional record and analyzed 150 subjects. The various factors for the FPD's failure were noted and analyzed for any statistical significance.

Results:

We observed a significant difference between the various factors of the failure caries, periodontitis, uneasiness, and pain.

Conclusion:

The chief cause for the failure of the FPDs was identified to be caries, periodontitis, uneasiness, and pain.
Bone Loss Evaluation by Cone Beam Computed Tomography Postdental Implant Placement
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Vathare Amit Shivakant , Karthic R. Ramkumar , Pottom Anupama , Anitha A. , Blsg Krishna Kumari , Reddy Dalli Bharath Simha
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The success of the prosthetic rehabilitation is a factor of the periodontal reactions. Hence, in the current study, we aim to assess bone loss in the osseointegrated implants posttreatment by the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective clinical observational study among 50 subjects who received mandibular dental implants for the replacement of the single lost anterior tooth. The follow-up was done at 1 week, 2 weeks, and after 6 weeks. The bone loss around the implant was noted by imaging with CBCT. The values were compared and analyzed statistically.

Results:

We observed a significant variation among the genders and the age groups. The mean bone loss around the implants was statistically significant for the different time intervals (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Significant bone loss was noted in the first few weeks after implantation. Care should be focused in the initial posttreatment phase to eliminate the factors aggravating the periodontitis.
Prevalence of Stress and Coping Disorders among Dental Students
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Loka Suraj Reddy , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Mogla Sahil , Lenin Kuppusamy Rajagopal , Loganathan Jeevanandam , Mahajan Akriti
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The students pursuing professional studies such as medicine and dentistry have to endure a lot of stress. Hence, we evaluated the prevalence of stress and coping disorders among dental students.

Methods:

We conducted a questionnaire-based online survey study among 100 dental students of 1–4 years. The survey was based on the “modified General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12; Goldberg and Williams, 1988).” The scores were analyzed for the statistical connotation, keeping P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that over half of the dental pupils felt stressed. The dental students resorted to “Destructive coping mechanisms.” Less than 15% of students sought medical and psychiatric counseling. The mean GHQ was 12 ± 1.7.

Conclusions:

Psychological strength is a prerequisite for good health and better performance in the studies as well as for the practice. There is an urgent need to focus on the mental health of the students specifically in the medical and dental fields.