bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration levels and spatial distribution of sulphur and metals in fine-grained sediments in western Finland
Authors: ÅSTRÖM M. , RÖNNBACK K.
Published: June 2005

On the coastal plains of Finland, widespread Holocene marine and lacustrine sediments have developed into acid sulphate soil as a result of extensive artificial drainage for agricultural purposes. This has caused a variety of environmental problems. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration levels and spatial distribution of sulphur, carbon and metals [titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese (Mn), iron, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)] in these sediments, in order to increase the geochemical understanding of the parent materials from which acid sulphate soil develops. Sediment samples were collected at 317 sites from a depth of 1.53 m. While the sediments have high S (sulphide) concentrations (median = 0.54%) and thus a strong acidification potential, they carry transition metals mainly in smallsized silicates close to background concentrations far below contamination limits. The previously documented extensive release of Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn from oxidised and acidified layers of these sediments (i.e. acid sulphate soil) is thus not explained by anomalously high natural or anthropogenic metal concentrations of the soils/sediments, but by an inherent highly mobile metal pool. Spatial-distribution maps highlight areas of elevated S and Mn concentrations, where it is likely that ditching and subsequent oxidation will result in an exceptionally large release of protons and Mn respectively.;
Assessment of aquatic pollution, remedial measures and juridical obligations of an acid sulphate soil area in western Finland
Authors: ÖSTERHOLM P. , ÅSTRÖM M. , SUNDSTRÖM R.
Published: June 2005

Reclaiming of Holocene sulphide-bearing sediments, widespread in the coastal areas of Finland, has enabled oxidation of sulphides to a depth of 13 m and the subsequent development of acid sulphate soils (pH < 4). This work is concerned with spatial hydrogeochemical patterns, remediation measures and the juridical obligation to improve water quality in one such area, i.e. the Rintala plain (23 km2) in mid-western Finland. Streams draining acid sulphate soils in Rintala are more acid (pH ~ 4 and acidity ~ 4 mmol l-1) and carry significantly higher concentrations of SO4 2-, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, F, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn than those draining forest and rural areas in the vicinity of the Rintala plain and organic-rich soils located on the plain. The juridical obligation to improve the water quality is inappropriate as it does not consider the main reason for the poor water quality, i.e. drainage by subsurface drainage pipes, and because of the equality principle (other acid sulphate soil areas have just as poor water quality but do not have such an obligation). Groundwater management, i.e. keeping the groundwater level as high as possible, is recommended as the best management practice.;
Successive alkalinity producing system for the treatment of acid sulphate soil runoff: preliminary results of a field trial
Authors: KUSTULA V. , WITICK A. , MERILÄINEN J.
Published: June 2005

A successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) has been investigated as a potential passive treatment option for acid, metal containing runoff from acid sulphate soil. A pilot-scale system was installed at an agricultural land site in Rintala embankment area in mid-western Finland. The experimental layout consists of three parallel treatment units: two different SAPS cells and one limestone-filled cell for comparison of performance. The SAPS cells are composed of a bottom layer of limestone and a top layer of compost supplemented with sand. One of the SAPS cells contains sulphate-rich, waste gypsum mixed with the compost layer in order to enhance the metal reduction by sulphate reducing-bacteria. Over a 3 year period on average between 612 l min-1 of water from a nearby drain receiving acid drainage was directed to the system. The quality of the influent water was highly variable: pH 4.17.1, aluminium 0.06129 mg l-1, iron 0.04622 mg l-1, manganese 1.923 mg l-1. Flow through the cells increased the pH and decreased the acidity and concentrations of Al and Fe. Manganese concentrations did not change significantly (P < 0.05, paired t-test) in any of the treatment cells. The current results do not demonstrate the advantages of a SAPS system when compared to a limestone bed and the present implementation is not considered to be an effective treatment method for acid drainage water. Therefore, to increase the alkalinity production of SAPS cells, the system will be modified to increase the contact time of water with limestone.;
Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils in Sweden
Authors: LAX K.
Published: June 2005

Results from the biogeochemical mapping (roots of aquatic plants and Fontinalis antipyretica) conducted by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) reflects the metal load of surface waters draining acid sulphate (AS) soils in Sweden. In this study, results from the biogeochemical, soil geochemical and Quaternary mapping programmes at SGU were used to investigate the impact of fine-grained deposits hosting AS soils on stream water trace element chemistry in two separate areas. In the area around Lake Mälaren, postglacial sediments contain the highest levels of most trace elements studied. Owing to the low pH of AS soils and subsequent leaching, levels of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), sulphur (S), yttrium (Y), uranium (U), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) were significantly elevated in aquatic roots. Levels were lower in the Skellefteå area, which may be explained by lower concentrations in source deposits. Concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were normal or impoverished in biogeochemical samples from postglacial, finegrained sediment areas. Maps based on ratios (Ni:Pb or Y:Pb) in biogeochemical samples can, together with results from Quaternary mapping, be used to predict areas with AS soils in Sweden.;
A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland
Authors: PAASONEN-KIVEKÄS M. , YLI-HALLA M.
Published: June 2005

Previous studies suggest that nitrogen (N) loads from acid sulphate soil (AS soil) catchments in Finland are higher than those from other agricultural catchments. This study seeks to explain this difference by measuring carbon (C) and N profiles in both an AS soil and a neighbouring non AS soil. In Lapua, western Finland, two adjacent fields (Dystric Cambisols), subjected to similar agricultural practices, were analysed to the depth of 240 cm for pH, total C (Ctot), total N (Ntot), NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, sulphur and bulk density. Field A, an AS soil, contained sulfidic materials and 0.9% Ctot below 170 cm, while Field B, not an AS soil, had 0.3% Ctot in the subsoil and no sulfides. In these soils, the groundwater level declined below 200 cm in summer, subjecting the subsoil to oxidation. This study revealed large stocks of Ctot, Ntot, and mineral N in the subsoil, particularly in the AS soil. At 20240 cm, Field A contained 292 tons of Ctot ha-1 and 25 tons of Ntot ha-1, while Field B had 152 tons of Ctot ha-1 and 11 tons of Ntot ha-1. Field A contained up to 435 kg of mineral N ha-1 in autumn, while in Field B there was only up to 137 kg of mineral N ha-1. In Field A, NH4 +-N dominated strongly, while NO3 --N dominated in Field B. It is suggested that the greater concentration of mineral N in the AS soil is due to 1) a greater stock of total (mineralizable) N and 2) the slower rate of nitrification resulting in substantial NH4 +-N retention on cation exchange sites.;
pH of streams in western Finland - a perspective from the Middle Ages into the mid 21st century
Authors: ÅSTRÖM M. , SUNDSTRÖM R. , HOLMBERG M.
Published: June 2005

In the central parts of western Finland, many streams are severely acidified as a result of land-use activities on overburden (soils) capable of producing and ultimately releasing extreme acidity. Consequently, the extent of the acidification problem is likely to have varied over time in response to the type and extent of contemporary land use. In this study, we have combined historical information on land use and knowledge on hydrogeochemical processes in order to assess the pH declines that are likely to have occurred in streams in this area since the Middle Ages. The results show that among several potentially acidifying activities, reclamation of mires for farmland (19th and 20th centuries) and subsurface drainage of acid sulphate soils (post-war times) are the major causes of the pH decline. Recent methods developed to combat the acidification and possible future changes in pH are discussed.;
Packaging, Containers for Industrial Materials
Authors: Olsson David L. , Chapman A. Ray ,   Updated by Staff
Published: June 2005

Packaging fulfills several important functions in the safe delivery of chemical products through the distribution system to customers: containment, protection, use features, and communication. Development of industrial packaging with these functions in mind is critical for the safe efficient delivery of industrial products.

There are many regulations making demands on package development, including domestic rail and motor freight classifications as well as other carrier requirements, and U. N. recommendations for international transport of dangerous goods (perhaps virtually all chemicals), which are restated in U.S. Department of Transportation regulations.

Many types and sizes of industrial packages for chemicals are in use, ranging from small boxes, pails, and drums, through intermediate bulk containers, to specialized rail cars. The variety of packaging alternatives, sizes, materials, and applications are all discussed.
Packaging, Converting
Authors: Batelka Joseph J. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: June 2005

Various types of paper and paperboard packaging are discussed with respect to the various package manufacturing processes and the materials and chemicals used in these processes. Specific package types described include corrugated paperboard boxes, solid fiber paperboard boxes, multiwall paper bags, paper grocery sacks, paper retail bags, folding paperboard cartons, fiber drums, and fiber cans. The principal categories of uncoated, coated, nonwet‐strength and wet‐strength paper and paperboard substrates are discussed. The various typical paper mill and package plant coatings and chemical additives applied to achieve various package properties are listed. The package performance characteristics covered are moisture resistance, humidity resistance, oil and grease resistance, abrasion resistance, adhesion release properties, nonskid properties, flame‐retardant properties, static electricity control, noncorrosive properties, and gloss. Printing inks and process steam boiler chemicals are specifically excluded from the discussion.
High Temperature Alloys
Authors: Fuchs G. E.
Published: June 2005

High temperature alloys are combinations of metals used specifically for their heat resisting properties. Applications in the aircraft, automotive, power generation, and space‐related industries include use in steam and gas turbine engines, as cutting tools, and as various spacecraft parts.

The alloys most often used at high temperatures include steels, superalloys, refractory metal alloys, and intermetallic compounds. These alloys, their properties and surface stability, mechanical behavior, the strengthening mechanisms and process systems employed are discussed.

Various low alloy steels and wrought stainless steels are employed as are modified stainless steels. Superalloys may have, for example, nickel, cobalt, or iron‐nickel bases. Nickel continues to be the preferred alloy base for high temperature alloys. The reasons for this is that nickel lacks an allotropic phase transformation below its melting point, it has a high tolerance for a wide variety of alloying elements without causing any phase stability, its close‐packed face‐centered cubic crystal structure, and the ability to produce and manipulate a very stable precipitate, which is one of the primary sources of elevated temperature strength in Ni‐base alloys.
Lithographic Resists
Authors: Hinsberg W. D. , Wallraff G. M.
Published: June 2005

An introduction to the chemistry and applications of lithographic resists is presented. The historical development of these materials is reviewed, the characteristics of resists with current technological importance are described, and a view of anticipated future developments in the field is offered.
Lubrication and Lubricants
Authors: Dickey James R.
Published: June 2005

Lubrication is a process in which a lubricant is placed between rubbing surfaces to control friction and reduce wear. This article outlines the nature of the frictional force, the wear process, the role of surface characteristics, and the mechanisms of lubrication. The manufacture and classification of lubricating oil base stocks, including refined petroleum stocks, chemical base stocks, stocks synthesized from other chemicals, and vegetable oils are covered. The composition and function of lube oil additives are described for enhancing oxidation stability, corrosion resistance, wear reduction, friction modifying, viscosity–temperature characteristics, and other important performance characteristics. The performance characteristics of lubricating oils, for selected applications are discussed, including automotive engine oils, diesel engine oils, automatic transmission fluids, automotive gear oils, jet engine lubes, and industrial turbine oils. Metalworking fluids, lubricating grease, solid‐film lubricants, and lubrication in extreme environments are covered, as are the lubricants market and environmental and health concerns.
Materials Standards and Specifications
Authors: Westbrook Jack H.
Published: June 2005

A comprehensive overview of materials standards and specifications is presented. Discussion of standards includes types, the generation process, administration, implementation, standard reference materials, standard reference data, nondestructive evaluation standards, traceability, and a detailed review of basic standards for chemical technology. Comparable treatment of specifications includes objectives and types, content, use strategy and implementation, economic, legal, and educational aspects, and discussion of trends in the field. International standards and specifications, computerization, and the need to consider the use of standards and specifications in various hostile environments are all considerations. A reference section compiling standardization journals, sources of standards and specifications domestic and worldwide, and directories and cross‐reference aids is included.
Pilot Plants
Authors: McConville Francis X.
Published: June 2005

Pilot plant is a generic term indicating various types of specialized equipment and systems designed to support or conduct process research on a scale larger than laboratory glassware. This article describes some of the principal characteristics of pilot plants and issues surrounding their design and operation, including experimental program planning. An overview of process scale‐up is presented along with a discussion of pilot plant start‐up and the difficulty of ensuring safety in the often atypical equipment and operations encountered in pilot plants. Other subjects include pilot plant design and construction, estimated costs, and space and control requirements.
Melamine Resins
Authors: Binder Wolfgang H. , Dunky Manfred , Jahromi Shahab
Published: June 2005

Melamine‐based resins [MF, MUF, MUPF, PM(U)F] used as wood adhesives represent one of the largest groups of aminoplastic resins. They are made by the reaction of formaldehyde with melamine using urea, phenol, or other components as comonomers. The hardened resins show duroplastic hardening behavior; they are three‐dimensionally cross‐linked and hence insoluble, nonmeltable networks. Analytical methods to determine the chemical identity of the complex mixtures (ie, nmr spectroscopy, ir spectroscopy, hplc, as well as mass spectrometry) are described in this article. Melamine‐based resins show higher hydrolysis resistance compared to UF resins. The field of application comprises the production of wood‐based panels such as particleboards, MDF, OSB, plywood, blockboards, and others especially for use under humid conditions. The molar ratio between formaldehyde/reactive amino groups [F/(NH2)2] distinctly determines reactivity, the degree of cross‐linking, and hence the bonding strength. Cocondensation between melamine, formaldehyde, and other components (such as urea and phenol) is possible, furnishing cocondensates with improved properties and reduced price.

The possiblity of increasing the impact strength of MF resins using rubber toughening technology is examined.
Stapled transanal rectal resection for obstructed defaecation and evidence-based practice
Authors: Jayne D G , Finan P J
Published: June 2005

A cautious approach is advocated
Surgical management of chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Aasvang E , Kehlet H
Published: June 2005

Background

Chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair is an adverse outcome that affects about 12 per cent of patients. Principles of treatment have not been defined. This review examines neurectomy and mesh or staple removal as possible treatments.

Method

A literature search was carried out using the Medline and Ovid databases. Keywords were ‘pain; chronic’, ‘herniorrhaphy; inguinal’, ‘neurectomy’ and similar words. Article references were cross-checked for additional references. Articles were reviewed for data on surgical treatment of chronic pain after hernia repair.

Results

Neurectomy of the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was described in 14 papers. Overall, a favourable outcome was reported. However, the methodological quality was poor in all studies in respect of preoperative diagnostic criteria and treatment, intraoperative success in identifying a pathological lesion or nerve and quality of follow-up; this hindered interpretation of the data. Insufficient information is available at present on the effect of removal of mesh or staples.

Conclusion

Chronic pain after hernia repair is a significant problem and there is a need for a definitive assessment of its surgical treatment.
Risk factors for anastomotic failure after total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 211–216)
Authors: Gatt M , MacFie J , Mahon C , Mainprize K
Published: June 2005

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
A Theoretical Study on the Existence and Structures of Some Hypothetical First‐Row Transition‐Metal M(NCN) Compounds
Authors: Launay Maxence , Dronskowski Richard
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thallium Selenate (Tl2SeO4) in a Paraelastic Phase by X‐Ray Powder Diffraction.
Authors: Matsuo Yasumitsu , Tokoyoda Yoshihide , Hatori Junko , Komukae Masaru , Ikehata Seiichiro
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid Solutions Eu1‐xPt2Inx, Gd1‐xPt2Inx, and Tm1‐xNi2Inx.
Authors: Lukachuk Mar'yana , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Nilges Tom , Poettgen Rainer
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Thioborate Crystal ZnxBa2B2S5+x (x ≈ 0.2) for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Applications.
Authors: Kim Youngsik , Martin Steve W. , Ok Kang Min , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Optical Characterization of Yb3Sb5O12: Discussion of Its Suitability for Laser Operation.
Authors: Cascales Concepcion , Zaldo Carlos , Saez‐Puche Regino
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Luminescent Properties of a White Afterglow Phosphor CdSiO3:Dy3+.
Authors: Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu , Shi Chunshan
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and High‐Pressure Electrical Resistivity Studies of Ti3Al.
Authors: Vennila R. Selva , Porchelvi E. Elamurugu , Joy K. M. Freny , Arun T. K. Jaya , Jaya N. Victor
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of the Intermetallic FeGa3.
Authors: Lue C. S. , Lai W. J. , Kuo Y.‐K.
Published: June 2005

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Magnetic and Moessbauer Spectral Studies of Ln3Fe29‐xMox Compounds (Ln: Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy).
Authors: Lazar D. P. , Valeanu M. , Galatanu A. , Leonovici M. R. , Dafinei A. , Ion L.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Equilibria of the System Fe—Mg—Nd at 1076 K.
Authors: Takeda Osamu , Okabe Toru H. , Umetsu Yoshiaki
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Vanadium Carbide by Mechanical Alloying.
Authors: Zhang B. , Li Z. Q.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Characterizations and Spectral Properties of a New One‐Dimensional Organically Templated Zincophosphite.
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Xin‐Xin , Chen Hao‐Hong , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: June 2005

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Polymer‐Supported Chiral Phosphinooxathiane Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylations.
Authors: Nakano Hiroto , Takahashi Kouichi , Suzuki Yuri , Fujita Reiko
Published: June 2005

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Palladium/BINAP(S)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination.
Authors: Faller J. W. , Wilt Jeremy C.
Published: June 2005

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Evidence for a Nucleophilic anti‐Attack on the Cleaved C(2)‐Oxygen Bond in Cl2‐AlH‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Dioxolanes.
Authors: Morelli Carlo F. , Fornili Arianna , Sironi Maurizio , Duri Lavinia , Speranza Giovanna , Manitto Paolo
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxazaborolidine‐Derived Lewis Acid Assisted Lewis Acid as a Moisture‐Tolerant Catalyst for Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Futatsugi Kentaro , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Preparation of α,α′‐Bis(substituted benzylidene) Cycloalkanones.
Authors: Li Hai‐Ying , Yang Wen‐Zhi , Yang Jiang‐Bin , Huang Shun‐Sheng , Li Ji‐Tai
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient Reduction of Unactivated Aryl and Alkyl Iodides by a Ground‐State Neutral Organic Electron Donor.
Authors: Murphy John A. , Khan Tanweer A. , Zhou Sheng‐ze , Thomson Douglas W. , Mahesh Mohan
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triphenylphosphine‐Mediated Synthesis of 5‐Oxo‐2,5‐dihydrofurans Through the Reaction of Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates and Butane‐2,3‐dione.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Amiri Rahebeh , Haghdadi Mina
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Thiadiazoles, Triazoles and Oxadiazoles from Sulfonyl Acetic Acids via a Common Route.
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Thriveni Pinnu , Reddy Boggu Jagan Mohan , Padmaja Adivireddy
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Coupling of Carbonyl Compound: An Efficient Synthesis of Olefin.
Authors: Ramana M. M. V. , Singh B. K. D. , Parihar J. A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lanthanum‐Exchanged Zeolites as Active and Selective Catalysts for the Generation of Singlet Oxygen from Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Wahlen Joos , De Vos Dirk , De Hertogh Sigrid , Nardello Veronique , Aubry Jean‐Marie , Alsters Paul , Jacobs Pierre
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Monobromination of Electron‐Rich Arenes by conc. H2SO4/Alkali Metal Bromides.
Authors: Miyint Yi Yi , Pasha M. A.
Published: June 2005

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Chloroindate(III) Ionic Liquids: Recyclable Media for Friedel—Crafts Acylation Reactions.
Authors: Earle Martyn J. , Hakala Ullastiina , Hardacre Christopher , Karkkainen Johanna , McAuley Barry J. , Ronney David W. , Seddon Kenneth R. , Thompson Jillian M. , Waehaelae Kristina
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylethylenediamine Mediated Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Zhao Sanhu , Chen Zhaobin
Published: June 2005

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Room Temperature Palladium Catalyzed Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Cox Russell J. , Ritson Dougal J. , Dane Thomas A. , Berge John , Charmant Jonathan P. H. , Kantacha Anob
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Pyrrolidine Imide Catalyzed Direct Formation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Unmodified Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Wang Wei , Mei Yujiang , Li Hao , Wang Jian
Published: June 2005

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One‐Pot Suzuki Coupling — Wittig Olefination Reactions.
Authors: Thiemann Thies , Watanabe Masataka , Tanaka Yasuko , Mataka Shuntaro
Published: June 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Carbonylation of (E)‐1,2‐Diidoalkenes.
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Tang Shi
Published: June 2005

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Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Acetylation of Alcohols with Acetic Acid.
Authors: Velusamy Subbarayan , Borpuzari Sarbani , Punniyamurthy T.
Published: June 2005

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A Simple Regioselective Demethylation of p‐Aryl Methyl Ethers Using Aluminum Chloride‐Dichloromethane System.
Authors: Negi Arvind S. , Chattopadhyay Sunil K. , Srivastava Sachin , Bhattacharya Asish K.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium Tribromide/[bmim]PF6: A Novel and Recyclable Catalytic System for the Deprotection of 1,1‐Diacetates.
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: June 2005

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A Convenient Catalytic Method for the Synthesis of Ethers from Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Fujii Yasuyuki , Furugaki Hisakazu , Tamura Eiko , Yano Shinji , Kita Katsumi
Published: June 2005

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Tetramethyl Thiourea/Co2(CO)8‐Catalyzed Pauson—Khand Reaction under Balloon Pressure of CO.
Authors: Tang Yefeng , Deng Lujiang , Zhang Yandong , Dong Guangbin , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Expansion of Sulfur Substituted p‐Quinamines: Regiospecific Synthesis of 4‐Aminotropones.
Authors: Carreno M. Carmen , Sanz‐Cuesta M. Jesus , Ribagorda Maria
Published: June 2005

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Grignard Reagent‐Promoted Selective Ring Expansion and Alkylation of Formyl Borneol and Isoborneol: A New Route to Highly Substituted Cyclopentanes.
Authors: Yang Te‐Fang , Zhang Zhong‐Nian , Tseng Chih‐Hao , Chen Li‐Hsun
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Methodology for the Deoxygenative Difluoromethylenation of Aldehydes and Ketones; Unexpected Formation of Tetrafluorocyclopropanes.
Authors: Nowak Ireneusz , Robins Morris J.
Published: June 2005

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One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction: Aqueous TiCl3/PhN+2‐Mediated Alkyl Radical Addition to Imines Generated in situ.
Authors: Cannella Rosalba , Clerici Angelo , Pastori Nadia , Regolini Eva , Porta Ombretta
Published: June 2005

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An Efficient Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Cyclohexyl‐1,2‐diamines.
Authors: Arjan Hitesh , Boyd Ewan , Coumbarides Gregory S. , Eames Jason , Jones Ray V. H. , Stenson Rachel A. , Suggate Michael J.
Published: June 2005

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Oxaziridine‐Mediated Amination of Primary Amines: Scope and Application to a One‐Pot Pyrazole Synthesis.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Jones Lyn H. , Knight Jamie D. , Kelsey Richard D.
Published: June 2005

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A Convenient Synthetic Route to 2,5‐Dialkoxyterephthalaldehyde
Authors: Shao Pin , Li Zhen , Luo Jianlin , Wang Hongli , Qin Jingui
Published: June 2005

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Acylation of Vinylsilanes with Acid Anhydrides.
Authors: Yamane Motoki , Uera Kazuyoshi , Narasaka Koichi
Published: June 2005

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Dynamic Ligand Exchange of the Lanthanide Complex Leading to Structural and Functional Transformation: One‐Pot Sequential Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation‐Regioselective Epoxide‐Opening Process.
Authors: Tosaki Shin‐ya , Tsuji Riichiro , Ohshima Takashi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: June 2005

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SmI2‐Mediated Facile Syntheses of N‐(2,2‐Dichlorovinyl)amides from Acetates of Chloralamide.
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhang Yongmin
Published: June 2005

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Titanium Tetraisopropoxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Base‐Sensitive Cyanoguanidine Analogues.
Authors: Lynch John K. , Huang Peggy , Bai Hao
Published: June 2005

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Gold‐ and Silver‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Addition of Active Methylenes to Dienes, Triene, and Cyclic Enol Ethers.
Authors: Nguyen Rene‐Viet , Yao Xiao‐Quan , Bohle D. Scott , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: June 2005

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Low‐Valent Nb(III)‐Mediated Synthesis of 1,1,2‐Trisubstituted‐1H‐indenes from Aliphatic Ketones and Aryl‐Substituted Alkynes.
Authors: Obora Yasushi , Kimura Masahiro , Tokunaga Makoto , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: June 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion—Cyclization Reaction of 2,3‐Dienyl Alcohols with Aryl Iodides in Water: Synthesis of 1‐Arylvinyl‐Substituted Epoxides.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Ishii Takayuki , Gotou Takahiro , Ihara Masataka
Published: June 2005

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Clay‐Mediated Reaction of Indoles with Cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones: An Expedient Route to Indolylcyclohexenones.
Authors: Chakrabarty Manas , Kundu Taraknath , Harigaya Yoshihiro
Published: June 2005

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New Practical Synthesis of 5‐Formylindole.
Authors: Fetter Jozsef , Bertha Ferenc , Poszavacz Laszlo , Simig Gyula
Published: June 2005

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Synthetic Applications of 3‐(Cyanoacetyl)indoles and Related Compounds.
Authors: Slaett Johnny , Janosik Tomasz , Wahlstroem Niklas , Bergman Jan
Published: June 2005

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A Facile Synthesis of Novel 2‐Acetyl‐1‐hydroxycarbazoles — Synthesis of Biogenetically Possible 2‐Phenyl‐4‐oxopyrano[2,3‐a]carbazoles and Anellated Carbazoles.
Authors: Vandana Vandana , Rajendra Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai
Published: June 2005

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Non‐Acid Catalytic Acetalization of Aldehydes with Diols in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xu Dan‐Qian , Luo Shu‐Ping , Liu Bao‐You , Du Xiao‐Hua , Xu Zhen‐Yuan
Published: June 2005

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New Routes to 1,2‐Dithiole‐3‐thiones and 3‐Imines.
Authors: Ogurtsov Vladimir A. , Rakitin Oleg A. , Rees Charles W. , Smolentsev Alexey A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A.
Published: June 2005

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A General and Facile Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐4‐pyrazoleacetic Acid Esters.
Authors: Xu David D. , Lee George T. , Jiang Xinglong , Prasad Kapa , Repic Oljan , Blacklock Thomas J.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of O‐Pentafluorobenzoylamidoximes: Application to Amino Acid Mimetics with a C‐Terminal Imidazole.
Authors: Zaman Shazia , Mitsuru Kitamura , Abell Andrew D.
Published: June 2005

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An Efficient Synthesis of Double 2‐Alkylthio‐5‐phenylmethylidene‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐ones
Authors: Sun Yong , Ding Ming‐Wu
Published: June 2005

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Facile Synthesis of 2‐(Substitutedbenzylsulfanyl)benzothiazoles and Their Antimicrobial Activity Screening.
Authors: Kumar Ramanatham Vinod , Seshu Kumar Kotha V. S. R. , Gopal Kotarkonda Raja
Published: June 2005

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A Facile and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Bis‐hydrazonoyl Halides and Bis‐(1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐3‐ylphenoxy)ethers.
Authors: Abbas Ashraf A. , Rateb Nora M.
Published: June 2005

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A Clean and Simple Synthesis of 6‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐5‐cyano‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano [2,3‐c]pyrazole in Water.
Authors: Jin Tong‐Shou , Wang Ai‐Qing , Chen Zhao‐Li , Zhang Jian‐She , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: June 2005

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An Efficient Route to 5‐(Hetero)aryl‐2,4′‐ and 2,2′‐Bipyridines Through Readily Available 3‐Pyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: Kozhevnikov Valery N. , Kozhevnikov Dmitry N. , Shabunina Olga V. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Some New Indolizines.
Authors: Sarkunam K. , Nallu M.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and in vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of 1,4‐Bisubstituted and 1,3,9‐Trisubstituted β‐Carboline Derivatives.
Authors: Cao Rihui , Peng Wenlie , Chen Hongsheng , Hou Xuerui , Guan Huaji , Chen Qi , Ma Yan , Xu Anlong
Published: June 2005

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Large Scale Biginelli Reaction via Water‐Based Biphasic Media: A Green Chemistry Strategy.
Authors: Bose Ajay K. , Manhas Maghar S. , Pednekar Suhas , Ganguly Subhendu N. , Dang Hoang , He William , Mandadi Arun
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐5‐substitutedbenzylthiopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Potential Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase.
Authors: Gangjee Aleem , Jain Hiteshkumar D. , Phan Jaclyn , Kisliuk Roy L.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 6,7‐Disubstituted‐5H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyrazines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation.
Authors: Hopkins Corey R. , Collar Nicola
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and SAR of 4‐(3‐Hydroxyphenylamino)pyrrolo[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazine Based VEGFR‐2 Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Bhide Rajeev S. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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6‐(α‐Hydroxy‐α‐aryl/naphthyl) methyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2,5‐benzodiazocin‐1(2H)‐ones and Diphenylmethanes from C‐2 Arylated 1,3‐Indanediones.
Authors: Kundu Sandip Kumar , Das Suven , Pramanik Animesh
Published: June 2005

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Structure—Activity Relationships and Sub‐Type Selectivity in an Oxabicyclic Estrogen Receptor α/β Agonist Scaffold.
Authors: Hamann Lawrence G. , Meyer J. Hoyt , Ruppar Daniel A. , Marschke Keith B. , Lopez Francisco J. , Allegretto Elizabeth A. , Karanewsky Donald S.
Published: June 2005

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Silylene Transfer to Carbonyl Compounds and Subsequent Ireland—Claisen Rearrangements to Control Formation of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters.
Authors: Calad Stacie A. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: June 2005

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Copper‐Catalyzed, Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso Cyclic Allylic Bis(diethyl phosphates) with Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Piarulli Umberto , Daubos Philippe , Claverie Christelle , Monti Chiara , Gennari Cesare
Published: June 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Sulfinylphosphonates in the Thiolane Series.
Authors: Kielbasinski Piotr , Lyzwa Piotr , Mikolajczyk Marian , Gulea Mihaela , Lemarie Margareth , Masson Serge
Published: June 2005

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Copper‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of H‐Phosphonates with Vinyliodonium Salts: A Novel Very Mild Synthesis of 2‐Arylvinylphosphonates.
Authors: Thielges Sabine , Bisseret Philippe , Eustache Jacques
Published: June 2005

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The First Synthesis of β‐Phenylchalcogeno‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters via Hydrochalcogenation of Acetylenes Using Microwave and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Perin Gelson , Jacob Raquel G. , de Azambuja Francisco , Botteselle Giancarlo V. , Siqueira Geonir M. , Freitag Rogerio A. , Lenardao Eder J.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of New 2‐Ferrocenyl‐5‐fluoro‐6‐(4‐substituted‐1‐piperazinyl)‐1H‐benzimidazoles of Potential Biological Interest.
Authors: Abdel‐Jalil Raid J. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: June 2005

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Palladacycles with a Metal‐Bonded sp3‐Hybridized Carbon as Intermediates in the Synthesis of 2,2,3,4‐Tetrasubstituted 2H‐1‐Benzopyrans and 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines. Effects of Auxiliary Ligands and Substitution at a Palladium‐Bonded Tertiary Carbon.
Authors: Lu Genliang , Portscheller Janelle L. , Malinakova Helena C.
Published: June 2005

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Three New Triterpenoids from Lycopodium japonicum Thunb.
Authors: Yan Jian , Zhang Xiang‐Ming , Li Zhong‐Rong , Zhou Lin , Chen Jian‐Chao , Sun Li‐Rong , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: June 2005

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The First Synthesis of (‐)‐4‐(1,5‐Dimethylhex‐4‐enyl)‐2‐methylphenol.
Authors: Shan Shaojun , Ha Chengyong
Published: June 2005

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A Convenient Strategy for the Total Synthesis of Pisiferic Acid Type Diterpenes.
Authors: Zhu Hui , Tu Pengfei
Published: June 2005

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Nucleosteroids: Synthesis of Purinyl‐Steroid Derivatives under Mitsunobu Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Cadenas Raul A. , Gelpi Maria E. , Mosettig Jorge
Published: June 2005

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Reversible Michael Addition of Thiols as a New Tool for Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry.
Authors: Shi Baolu , Greaney Michael F.
Published: June 2005

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Novel Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated α‐Amino Acid Derivatives from γ‐Hydroxy‐α‐fluoro‐α‐trifluoromethyl Carboxamides.
Authors: Ogu Kenichi , Matsumoto Shoji , Akazome Motohiro , Ogura Katsuyuki
Published: June 2005

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Fluorous Synthesis of Biaryl‐Substituted Proline Analogues by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition and Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Christine Hiu‐Tung
Published: June 2005

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Clonostachysins A and B, New Antidinoflagellate Cyclic Peptides from a Marine‐Derived Fungus
Authors: Adachi Kyoko , Kanoh Kaneo , Wisespongp Puntip , Nishijima Miyuki , Shizuri Yoshikazu
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Iminosugars from α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones and N‐Benzyl Nitrone.
Authors: Panfil I. , Urbanczyk‐Lipkowska Z. , Chmielewski M.
Published: June 2005

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De Novo Enantioselective Syntheses of Galacto‐Sugars and Deoxy Sugars via the Iterative Dihydroxylation of Dienoate.
Authors: Ahmed Md. Moinuddin , Berry Bryan P. , Hunter Thomas J. , Tomcik Dennis J. , O'Doherty George A.
Published: June 2005

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Novel Inhibitors of Acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase Derived from the Alkaloids Dehydroevodiamine and Rutaecarpine.
Authors: Decker Michael
Published: June 2005

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New Derivatives of 1α,25‐Dihydroxy‐19‐norvitamin D3 with Two Substituents at C‐2: Synthesis and Biological Activity.
Authors: Shimizu Masato , Iwasaki Yukiko , Shimazaki Mika , Amano Youhei , Yamamoto Keiko , Reischl Wolfgang , Yamada Sachiko
Published: June 2005

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Antimitotic Activity and Reversal of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein‐Mediated Drug Resistance by Stilbenoids from Bletilla striata.
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Koyama Koichiro , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: June 2005

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1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction: Synthesis of Novel 5,6‐Dehydronorcantharidin Derivatives of Substituted Aromatic Amines with Potential antitumor Activities.
Authors: Deng Li‐Ping , Liu Fang‐Ming , Wang Hou‐Yong
Published: June 2005

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Identification of Nonpeptidic Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Interleukin‐2.
Authors: Waal Nathan D. , Yang Wenjin , Oslob Johan D. , Arkin Michelle R. , Hyde Jennifer , Lu Wanli , McDowell Robert S. , Yu Chul H. , Raimundo Brian C.
Published: June 2005

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Preparation of Nanosized Perovskites and Spinels Through a Silica Xerogel Template Route.
Authors: Valdes‐Solis T. , Marban G. , Fuertes A. B.
Published: June 2005

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Molecular Cages and Clusters of the Heavier Group 14 Elements (E: Si, Ge, Sn or Pb) of Formula EnRm (n ≥ m)
Authors: Wiberg Nils , Power Philip P.
Published: June 2005

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Nanocrystalline Ferrites Prepared by Mechanical Activation and Mechanosynthesis
Authors: Sepelak Vladimir , Bergmann Ingo , Kipp Stephan , Becker Klaus Dieter
Published: June 2005

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Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes
Authors: Burda Clemens , Chen Xiaobo , Narayanan Radha , El‐Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: June 2005

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New Approaches to Nanofabrication: Molding, Printing, and Other Techniques
Authors: Gates Byron D. , Xu Qiaobing , Stewart Michael , Ryan Declan , Willson C. Grant , Whitesides George M.
Published: June 2005

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Subcritical and Supercritical Water: A Universal Medium for Chemical Reactions
Authors: Galkin A. A. , Lunin V. V.
Published: June 2005

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Clusters to Nanowires
Authors: Bechthold P. S.
Published: June 2005

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Functional Models of [Fe—S] Nitrosyl Proteins.
Authors: Sanina N. A. , Aldoshin S. M.
Published: June 2005

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Structural Characteristics of Peroxo Complexes of Group IV and V Transition Metals
Authors: Sergienko V. S.
Published: June 2005

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Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium
Authors: Kresinski R. A.
Published: June 2005

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Gallium Compounds
Authors: Yamaguchi M.
Published: June 2005

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One or More CH Bond(s) Formed by Substitution: Reduction of C‐Halogen and C‐Chalcogen Bonds
Authors: Sutherland A. G.
Published: June 2005

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Protonation of Enolates
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira
Published: June 2005

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Organic Synthesis in Superacids
Authors: Jacquesy Jean‐Claude
Published: June 2005

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One or More C=C Bond(s) Formed by Addition
Authors: Regan A. C.
Published: June 2005

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One or More :C‐C Bond(s) Formed by Substitution or Addition
Authors: Aitken D. J. , Faure S.
Published: June 2005

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One or More :CH Bond(s) Formed by Substitution or Addition
Authors: Rousseau G.
Published: June 2005

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One or More CH and/or CC Bond(s) Formed by Rearrangement
Authors: Ducrot P. H.
Published: June 2005

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Two or More CH Bond(s) Formed by Addition to CC Multiple Bonds
Authors: Micouin L.
Published: June 2005

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One or More C—H Bond(s) Formed by Substitution: Reduction of Carbon—Nitrogen, —Phosphorus, —Arsenic, —Antimony, —Bismuth, —Carbon, —Boron and —Metal Bonds
Authors: Blanchet J. , Jia Yanxing , Zhu Jieping
Published: June 2005

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Stabilized Substituted Ions and Radicals Bearing One Heteroatom (R1R2C‐X, R1R2C+X, R1R2CX)
Authors: Schmidt A.
Published: June 2005

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Alkylnitrogen Compounds: Compounds with N—Halogen, N—O, N—S, N—Se, and N—Te Functional Groups
Authors: Efremov D. A.
Published: June 2005

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α,β‐Unsaturated and Aryl Nitriles
Authors: Kiefel M. J.
Published: June 2005

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Imines and Their N‐Substituted Derivatives: Hydrazones and Other N,N‐Derivatives Including Diazo Compounds
Authors: Elliott M. C.
Published: June 2005

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Imines and Their N‐Substituted Derivatives: NH, NR, and N‐Haloimines
Authors: Dobbs A. P. , Rossiter S.
Published: June 2005

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Functions Containing a Chalcogen and Any Group Other than a Halogen or a Chalcogen
Authors: Bessieres B.
Published: June 2005

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N‐Substituted Thionoamides and Their Se and Te Analogues
Authors: Flynn C. , Haughton L.
Published: June 2005

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Thio‐, Seleno‐, and Telluroacyl Halides
Authors: Heaney M. F.
Published: June 2005

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Problems of Producing Motor Fuels from Alternative Raw Materials
Authors: Rozovskii A. Ya. , Lin G. I.
Published: June 2005

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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) in Cosmetic and Dermatological Preparations
Authors: Muller R. H.
Published: June 2005

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Acidities of Nitrous and Nitric Acids
Authors: Exner Otto , Boehm Stanislav
Published: June 2005

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New Quaternary Barium Copper/Silver Selenostannates: Different Coordination Spheres, Metal—Metal Interactions, and Physical Properties.
Authors: Assoud Abdeljalil , Soheilnia Navid , Kleinke Holger
Published: June 2005

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Metal‐Rich Chalcogenides. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of the Layered Lu11Te4. Comparison with the Similar Sc8Te3 and Ti11Se4.
Authors: Chen Ling , Xia Sheng‐Qing , Corbett John D.
Published: June 2005

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Electro‐Mechano‐Optical Conversions in Pr3+‐Doped BaTiO3—CaTiO3 Ceramics.
Authors: Wang Xusheng , Xu Chao‐Nan , Yamada Hiroshi , Nishikubo Keiko , Zheng Xu‐Guang
Published: June 2005

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A Lead‐Free High‐Curie‐Point Ferroelectric Ceramic, CaBi2Nb2O9.
Authors: Yan Haixue , Zhang Hongtao , Ubic Rick , Reece Michael J. , Liu Jing , Shen Zhijian , Zhang Zhen
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Electronic Structure of the New Ternary Vanadate CuMnVO4.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Gaudin Etienne , Darriet Jacques , Banks Michael , Kremer Reinhard K. , Villesuzanne Antoine , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: June 2005

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Magnetic Structure of the Zr6CoAs2‐Type Tb6FeBi2 Compound.
Authors: Morozkin A. V. , Nikiforov V. N. , Malaman B.
Published: June 2005

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