bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wildfire yields a distinct turnover of the beetle community in a semi-natural pine forest in northern Sweden
Authors: Fredriksson Emelie , Mugerwa Pettersson Roger , Naalisvaara Jörgen , Löfroth Therese
Published: August 2020

Background

Fires have been an important natural disturbance and pervasive evolutionary force in the boreal biome. Yet, fire suppression has made forest fires rare in the managed landscapes in Fennoscandia, causing significant habitat loss for saproxylic species such as polypores and insects. To better understand how the beetle community changes (species turnover) after a wildfire in a landscape with intense fire suppression, we monitored beetles with flight intercept traps the first 3 years as well as 12 years after a large wildfire in a national park in northern Sweden (a control/unburnt area was set up for the last year of sampling).

Results

Species composition changed significantly among all studied years with a continuous turnover of species following the wildfire. The indicator species analysis showed that year 1 post-fire was mostly associated with cambium consumers and also the pyrophilous species Batrisodes hubenthali. Year 2 was the most abundant and species-rich year, with Tomicus piniperda as the most important indicator species. The indicator species year 3 were mostly secondary successional species, fungivores, and predators and were characterized by lower species diversity. Year 12 had higher diversity compared with year 3 but lower species richness and abundance. A control area was established during year 12 post-fire, and our analyses showed that the control area and burned area differed in species composition suggesting that the beetle community needs longer than 12 years to recover even after a low-intensive ground fire.

Conclusion

The wildfire area hosted several red-listed and fire-dependent species suggesting that after a century of landscape-level fire suppression in a semi-natural area, the reintroduction of fire benefits rare and pyrophilous species and still impacts species composition after 12 years. This study implies that fire has long-lasting effects on high latitudes and that prescribed burning has the potential to benefit biodiversity over decades in these landscapes while also highlighting the value of considering the whole species community and not only monitoring abundance and richness to assess biodiversity after management actions.
Timing matters: the impact of response measures on COVID-19-related hospitalization and death rates in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Huber Martin , Langen Henrika
Published: August 2020

We assess the impact of the timing of lockdown measures implemented in Germany and Switzerland on cumulative COVID-19-related hospitalization and death rates. Our analysis exploits the fact that the epidemic was more advanced in some regions than in others when certain lockdown measures came into force, based on measuring health outcomes relative to the region-specific start of the epidemic and comparing outcomes across regions with earlier and later start dates. When estimating the effect of the relative timing of measures, we control for regional characteristics and initial epidemic trends by linear regression (Germany and Switzerland), doubly robust estimation (Germany), or synthetic controls (Switzerland). We find for both countries that a relatively later exposure to the measures entails higher cumulative hospitalization and death rates on region-specific days after the outbreak of the epidemic, suggesting that an earlier imposition of measures is more effective than a later one. For Germany, we further evaluate curfews (as introduced in a subset of states) based on cross-regional variation. We do not find any effects of curfews on top of the federally imposed contact restriction that banned groups of more than 2 individuals.
Determining grasp selection from arm trajectories via deep learning to enable functional hand movement in tetraplegia
Authors: Bhagat Nikunj , King Kevin , Ramdeo Richard , Stein Adam , Bouton Chad
Published: August 2020

Background

Cervical spinal cord injury severely affects grasping ability of its survivors. Fortunately, many individuals with tetraplegia retain residual arm movements that allow them to reach for objects. We propose a wearable technology that utilizes arm movement trajectory information and deep learning methods to determine grasp selection. Furthermore, we combined this approach with neuromuscular stimulation to determine if self-driven functional hand movement could be enabled in spinal cord injury participants.

Methods

Two cervical SCI participants performed arbitrary and natural reaching movements toward target objects in three-dimensional space, which were recorded using an inertial sensor worn on their wrist. Time series classifiers were trained to recognize the trajectories using either a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm or a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network. As an initial proof-of-concept, we demonstrate real-time classification of the arbitrary movements using DTW only (due to its implementation simplicity), which when used in combination with a high density neuromuscular stimulation sleeve with textile electrodes, enabled participants to perform functional grasping.

Results

Participants were able to consistently perform arbitrary two-dimensional and three-dimensional arm movements which could be classified with high accuracy. Furthermore, it was found that natural reaching trajectories for two different target objects (requiring two different grasp types) were distinct and also discriminable with high accuracy. In offline comparisons, LSTM (mean accuracies 99%) performed significantly better than DTW (mean accuracies 86 and 83%) for both arbitrary and natural reaching movements, respectively. Type I and II errors occurred more frequently for DTW (up to 60 and 15%, respectively), whereas it stayed under 5% for LSTM. Also, DTW achieved online accuracy of 79%.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing arm trajectory information to determine grasp selection using a wearable inertial sensor along with DTW and deep learning methods. Importantly, this technology can be successfully used to control neuromuscular stimulation and restore functional independence to individuals living with paralysis.

Trial registration

NCT, NCT03385005. Registered September 26, 2017
Relation between laboratory cantilever bending test and finite element analysis of five different nickel-titanium rotary instruments
Authors: Ismail Amira Galal , Galal Manar , Zaazou Mohamed H. , Hamdy Tamer M. , Abdelraouf Rasha M.
Published: August 2020

Background

Flexibility during bending is a critical feature that influences the performance and safety of endodontic nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Flexibility of the endodontic files could be assessed via laboratory test or indicated theoretically by finite element analysis (FEA). The aim of the study is to determine the cantilever load required for bending five different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments (laboratory test) and to calculate maximum von Mises stresses due to bending moment and vertical displacement (deflection) (theoretically by FEA) and compare both results.

Results

TF Adaptive file demonstrates the least cantilever load required for bending, the least von Mises stresses generated and the highest deflection of the endodontic files. Contrary, One Shape file reported the highest cantilever load required for bending, the highest von Mises stresses generated and the least deflection among all the tested endodontic files.

Conclusion

The finite element analysis validated the results of the laboratory cantilever bending test for the examined nickel-titanium rotary instruments.
Hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite — a case from the Middle Permian in eastern Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Yi-Qun , Li Hong , Jiao Xin , Zhou Ding-Wu
Published: August 2020

The Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag, eastern Junggar Basin, NW China, was deposited in a salt lake within an intracontinental rift basin with intense hydrothermal activity. Hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite in the form of three types of dolostones, namely, analcime-feldspar dolostone (AFD), silicic dolostone (SD) and buddingtonite-albite dolostone (BAD), related to syn-sedimentary hydrothermal activity at lake bottom was discovered. The characteristics and formation mechanism of the dolomite were studied based on micron-scale petrographic and isotopic geochemical research. The syn-depositional formation of these dolostones was indicated by their rock-mineral features and syn-sedimentary deformation stage. The dolomite was composed of relatively poorly ordered proto-dolomite crystals with micron-sized spherical or sub-spherical morphology and coexisted with hydrothermal minerals, including analcime, buddingtonite, albite and chalcedony. Albite clasts were replaced by the dolomite, indicating high-temperature conditions during formation. The remarkably low strontium isotopic compositions of the dolostones (87Sr/86Sr with an average of 0.705687) indicated that mantle-derived materials might have involved in the ore-forming fluid. The dolostones had positive δ13CPDB values (with an average of 6.94‰) and negative δ18OPDB values (with an average of − 8.12‰). Based on the δ18OPDB values, the formation temperatures of the dolomite were at least ~ 25 °C higher than those of the penecontemporaneous dolomite in the Lucaogou Formation in the study area. It is concluded that the dolomite precipitated from hydrothermal fluid erupting at the lake bottom. The possible genetic models are described. We suggest that the hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite is an important genetic type, and this study may help increase the awareness of this understudied type of dolomite.
Drug-eluting stent for acute Blalock-Taussig shunt thrombosis in a child—case report
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arun , Sasidharan Bijulal , Menon Sabarinath , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan
Published: August 2020

Background

Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) continues to have a relatively high operative and short-term mortality, even in the current era. We report the use of drug-eluting stent in a child with acute shunt thrombosis, which has not been reported in the literature to date.

Case presentation

A 7-month-old boy with double outlet right ventricle, severe pulmonary stenosis, and normally related great arteries underwent BTS placement for cyanotic spells. Ten days after discharge, he presented with shock due to a blocked BTS. He underwent emergency percutaneous revascularization of the shunt with a drug-eluting stent and is doing well at 9 months’ follow-up on dual antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusions

Drug-eluting stents may be used in children with BTS thrombosis.
Vitamin D Supplementation Modulates ICOS+ and ICOS− Regulatory T Cell in Siblings of Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Savastio Silvia , Cadario Francesco , D’Alfonso Sandra , Stracuzzi Marta , Pozzi Erica , Raviolo Silvia , Rizzollo Stefano , Gigliotti Luca , Boggio Elena , Bellomo Giorgio , Basagni Chiara , Bona Gianni , Rabbone Ivana , Dianzani Umberto , Prodam Flavia
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory activity. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between blood serum 25(OH)D levels and Th17 and Treg circulating subsets, mainly Treg/inducible costimulatory-positive (ICOS+), which seems to have a protective role in autoimmunity, in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and their healthy siblings (S). The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on these subsets.

Patients and Methods

22 T1D and 33 S were enrolled. Glucose, hemoglobin A1c, 25 OH vitamin D (25[OH]D), T helper type 17 (Th17; CD4+CCR6+), regulatory T cells (Treg; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+), and Treg/ICOS+ cells were evaluated. According to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, subjects were classified as “at risk” (HLA+), “protective haplotypes” (HLA−; “nested controls”), and “undetermined” (HLAUND). T1D and S subjects were supplemented with cholecalciferol 1000 IU/die and evaluated after 6 months.

Results

Vitamin D insufficiency (74.4%) and deficiency (43%) were frequent. S subjects with 25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L had Th17, Treg (p < 0.01), and Treg/ICOS+ (P < 0.05) percentages higher than subjects with 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L. Treg/ICOS+ percentages (P < 0.05) were higher in HLA− S subjects compared to percentages observed in S with T1D. At baseline, in S subjects, a decreasing trend in Th17 and Treg/ICOS+ values (P < 0.05) from vitamin D deficiency to sufficiency was observed; 25(OH)D levels were negative predictors of Treg/ICOS+ (R2 = 0.301) and Th17 percentages (R2 = 0.138). After 6 months, supplemented S subjects showed higher 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.0001), and lower Th17 (P < 0.0001) and Treg/ICOS+ (P < 0.05) percentages than at baseline; supplemented T1D patients only had a decrease in Th17 levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Serum 25(OH)D levels seem to affect Th17 and Treg cell subsets in S subjects, consistent with its immunomodulating role. HLA role should be investigated in a larger population.
Long-term Change in Physiological Markers and Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study
Authors: Carmichael Owen T , Neiberg Rebecca H , Dutton Gareth R , Hayden Kathleen M , Horton Edward , Pi-Sunyer F Xavier , Johnson Karen C , Rapp Stephen R , Spira Adam P , Espeland Mark A
Published: August 2020

Context

The effects of physiological improvements on cognitive function among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not fully understood.

Objective

To determine whether improvements in physiological markers (body weight, blood sugar control, and physical activity) during intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) are associated with enhancements in cognitive function in older adults with T2DM.

Design

Multisite randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Academic research centers.

Patients or Other Participants

Participants were aged 45–76 years, with T2DM.

Intervention

The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study, a randomized, controlled clinical trial of ILI.

Main Outcome Measure

Two to 3 cognitive assessments were collected from 1089 participants, the first and last occurring a mean (standard deviation) of 8.6 (1.0) and 11.5 (0.7) years after enrollment.

Results

Greater improvement in blood sugar control was associated with better cognitive scores (fasting glucose and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [AVLT]: P = 0.0148; fasting glucose and Digit Symbol Coding (DSC): P = 0.0360; HbA1C and DSC: P = 0.0477); but weight loss had mixed associations with cognitive scores (greater body mass index [BMI] reduction and worse AVLT overall: P = 0.0053; and greater BMI reduction and better DSC scores among those overweight but not obese at baseline: P = 0.010). Associations were strongest among those who were overweight (not obese) at baseline, and among those with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline.

Conclusions

Improvements in glycemic control, but not necessarily weight status, during ILI may be associated with better subsequent cognitive performance. These associations may differ by adiposity and CVD history.
Physician Well-Being in Practice
Authors: Khan Asif , Vinson Amy E.
Published: August 2020

Despite a recent surge of interest in physician well-being, the discussion remains diffuse and often scattered. Lingering questions of what wellness entails, how it is personally applicable, and what can be done, remain pervasive. In this review, we focus on policy-level, institutional and personal factors that are both obstacles to wellness and interventions for potential remedy. We outline clear obstacles to physician wellness that include dehumanization in medicine, environments and cultures of negativity, barriers to wellness resources, and the effect of second victim syndrome. This is followed by proven and proposed interventions to support physicians in need and foster cultures of sustained well-being from policy, institutional, and personal levels. These include medical liability and licensure policy, peer support constructs, electronic health record optimization, and personal wellness strategies. Where sufficient data exists, we highlight areas specific to anesthesiology. Overall, we offer a pragmatic framework for addressing this critical concern at every level.
Comparação entre fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais com sintomas respiratórios e pico de fluxo expiratório em trabalhadores de uma indústria de cerâmica do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Okabayashi Iris Ayumi , Kock Kelser de Souza
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência dos sintomas respiratórios ocupacionais, pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) e fatores associados em trabalhadores de uma indústria de cerâmica do sul do Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal. Foram avaliados trabalhadores de uma indústria de cerâmica do Sul do Brasil. Como instrumentos de pesquisa, foram aplicados questionários relacionados a aspectos ocupacionais, sintomas respiratórios, hábitos tabágicos e medida do PFE. As variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais foram comparadas com os sintomas respiratórios e PFE. Resultados: foram avaliados 151 trabalhadores, sendo, predominantemente, do sexo masculino (87,4%), com média (±DP) de idade de 30,4 (±8,4) anos e histórico de tabagismo em 23,8% dos participantes. Entre os sintomas respiratórios, 23% relataram tosse diária e noturna e dispneia, 21% confirmaram escarro durante o dia/noite, e apenas 7% referiram chiado ou sibilos. O PFE abaixo de 80% do previsto foi encontrado em 37,1% dos trabalhadores, com média (±DP) de 84(±16,7)%. Ao comparar os fatores ocupacionais com os desfechos, foi observado que o menor tempo de trabalho esteve relacionado à maior prevalência de tosse (p=0,024). Conclusão: os sintomas respiratórios mais prevalentes foram a tosse e a dispneia, seguidos por escarro e sibilância. Aproximadamente, 1/3 dos trabalhadores demonstraram PFE<80%. Contudo, a relação inversa entre tempo de trabalho e sintomas merece maior investigação.
Measurement, modeling and QALYs
Authors: Langley Paul C. , McKenna Stephen P.
Published: August 2020

Over the past 30 years, a mainstay of health technology assessment has been the creation of modeled incremental cost-per-quality adjusted life year (QALY) claims. These are intended to inform resource allocation decisions. Unfortunately, the reliance on the construction of QALYs from generic utility scales is misplaced. Those advocating QALY-based lifetime modeled claims fail to appreciate the limitations placed on these constructs by the axioms of fundamental measurement. Utility scales, such as those created by the EQ-5D-3L instrument, are nothing more than multidimensional, ordinal scales. Such scales cannot support basic arithmetic operations. Interval scales can support addition and subtraction; ratio scales the further operations of multiplication and division. Those who advocate the construction of QALYs fail to appreciate that such an operation is only possible if the utility scale is unidimensional and has ratio properties with a true zero. The utility measures available do not meet these requirements. As we cannot produce meaningful utility values, the QALY is an invalid construct. Consequently, cost-per-incremental QALY claims are impossible to sustain and the application of cost-per QALY thresholds meaningless. As utility is a latent, unidimensional variable, the best a measure of utility could achieve would be unidimensionality and interval scaling properties. Where such measures are available, they could support claims for response to therapy. Consequently, there would be no need to continue constructing imaginary lifetime value assessment frameworks. Admitting that the QALY is a fatally flawed construct means rejecting 30 years of cost-per-QALY models.
The most recent advances in understanding and managing hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Narla Shanthi , Lyons Alexis B. , Hamzavi Iltefat H.
Published: August 2020

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, and debilitating skin disease of the hair follicle unit that typically develops after puberty. HS has a significant negative impact on both the quality of life (QOL) of patients affected by this disease as well as family members and caregivers. However, the pathogenesis of HS is multifactorial and still remains to be fully elucidated, which makes the development of treatments difficult. The last 10 years have seen a surge in HS research, and many new findings have come to light, yet much more remains to be elucidated. Physicians must employ a multidisciplinary approach to maximally address all facets of HS. Clinical characteristics of the disease that differ between females and males as well as across different races and ethnic groups must be considered. Targeted topical, oral, and injectable therapies continue to be developed for HS as a greater understanding of the pathogenesis is reached. However, randomized controlled trials regarding dietary factors that may contribute to HS are needed to meet our patients’ growing concerns and questions about the role of diet in HS pathogenesis. Finally, improved outcome measures are needed to standardize HS severity and grading between physicians and clinical trials, and a more diverse representation of HS populations is needed in clinical trials.
Highlighting the latest research: August 2020
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: August 2020

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Helping patients with Parkinson's through online physiotherapy
Authors: Knapton Katie
Published: August 2020

In the wake of COVID-19, healthcare professionals are slowly constructing a vision of what the new normal will be. This includes physiotherapists. Katie Knapton shares what physiotherapists can do remotely for people with Parkinson's and their carers
The experience of children with parents diagnosed with young onset dementia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wang Ning , Brooke Joanne
Published: August 2020

Background:

Young onset dementia (YOD) may develop rapidly and affect those who have dependent children. There remains a lack of understanding of the impact on children living with a parent with YOD.

Aims:

To explore published literature in order to understand the impact on children living with a parent with YOD.

Methods:

A systematic search of the following databases—Medline; PsychINFO; CINAHL; and Scopus—for literature published from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018.

Findings:

Three major themes were identified: first, coping, which comprised two sub-themes of avoiding the situation and being empowered. Second, change, which encompassed two sub-themes of change of personality and change of family role. The third was loss.

Conclusions:

There remains a need to raise awareness and develop support services for children of parents with YOD. Community nurses are the best place healthcare professionals to identify and support the needs of both the person with YOD and their children.
Waiting lists for symptomatic joint arthritis are not benign
Authors: Morris James Alexander , Super Jonathan , Huntley Daniel , Ashdown Thomas , Harland William , Anakwe Raymond
Published: August 2020

Aim

Restarting elective services presents a challenge to restore and improve many of the planned patient care pathways which have been suspended during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant backlog of planned elective work has built up representing a considerable volume of patient need. We aimed to investigate the health status, quality of life, and the impact of delay for patients whose referrals and treatment for symptomatic joint arthritis had been delayed as a result of the response to COVID-19.

Methods

We interviewed 111 patients referred to our elective outpatient service and whose first appointments had been cancelled as a result of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Patients reported significant impacts on their health status and quality of life. Overall, 79 (71.2%) patients reported a further deterioration in their condition while waiting, with seven (6.3%) evaluating their health status as ‘worse than death’.

Conclusions

Waiting lists are clearly not benign and how to prioritize patients, their level of need, and access to assessment and treatment must be more sophisticated than simply relying on the length of time a patient has been waiting. This paper supports the contention that patients awaiting elective joint arthroplasty report significant impacts on their quality of life and health status. This should be given appropriate weight when patients are prioritized for surgery as part of the recovery of services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Elective surgery should not be seen as optional surgery—patients do not see it in this way.
Capacidades de innovación: análisis para la industria biotecnológica
en cuba
Authors: González Celia Roca , Fernández Ileana Díaz
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo identifica las capacidades de innovación en el sector
biotecnológico de BioCubaFarma. Se asumen siete tipos de capacidades para para
la mejor comprensión de las capacidades de innovación tales como: capacidad de
aprendizaje, I+D+i, asignación de recursos, organización, producción,
comercialización y planeación estratégica. El estudio muestra los elementos
esenciales de las capacidades más críticas y permite concluir sobre aspectos
neurálgicos del proceso de conversión a empresas de la biotecnología en
Cuba.
Wave phase analysis for computing density of states, group velocity,
and lateral shift in a 1D quasiperiodic structure containing layers of
uniaxial medium and SiO2
Authors: Rahimi Hadi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, by considering wave phase analysis, the density of
modes, group velocity, and lateral shift in one-dimensional multilayer
are theoretically computed by using the transfer matrix method in the
terahertz domain. The proposed structure is based on the Fibonacci
sequence constituted of uniaxial indefinite medium and

S
i
O

2

layers. It is found that for both TE
and TM beams, around an angle of 90º, the lateral shift is highly
negative, while it is positive at the rest of the angles. Also, for
non-vertical angles, a positive peak is observed about an angle
of 60º (near the Brewster angle). Our numerical analysis
shows that at angles less than about 10º, the lateral shift is
negative for the TM mode. It is shown that for both polarizations the
density of states (the group velocity) has maximum (minimum) value
near the band gap edges, while inside the band gap it becomes minimum
(maximum). Superluminal and subluminal cases can be defined here.
Spatial-diversity detection of optical vortices for OAM signal modulation
Authors: Anguita Jaime A. , Cisternas Jaime E.
Published: August 2020

We propose a method for identifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) states within a vortex superposition using a Shack–Hartmann (SH) sensor as a spatial-diversity detector. We define a local OAM at every pixel of the SH image, from which we construct an OAM spectrum. The topological charges are determined from the OAM spectrum using a low-complexity algorithm, resulting in estimates that are robust to beam wandering. Data from a 200 m experimental transmission are successfully tested using the proposed technique.
Resource availability and physiological response of black spruce to scarification in two climatic regions of Québec (Canada)
Authors: Wotherspoon Amy , Thiffault Nelson , Bradley Robert
Published: August 2020

Picea mariana
18
13
Eleições e Financiamentos de Campanhas no Brasil
Authors: Costa Maycon Yuri Nascimento
Published: August 2020

Esta resenha apresenta uma contribuição importante para a Ciência Política, que é  o livro de Vitor de Moraes Peixoto, publicado pela Editora Garamond em 2016, com o título "Eleições e Financiamentos de Campanhas no Brasil".
O Programa APELL: desafios e perspectivas da participação de comunidades em emergências locais
Authors: Dutra Adriana Soares , Dalcin Kellen Cristina , Fernandes Ligia Mara
Published: August 2020

Na década de 1980, após uma série de impactos industriais, que desencadearam verdadeiros desastres, a Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU desenvolveu o Programa APELL (Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level). O APELL constitui-se de uma metodologia desenvolvida com o objetivo de preparar as comunidades para situações de emergência. A proposta foi aplicada em algumas cidades do mundo, apresentando aspectos positivos e outros ainda desafiadores. O presente artigo tem como proposta uma reflexão sobre o Programa, suas características, contradições, avanços e limites, com ênfase na experiência recente de Caraguatatuba, município localizado no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, tendo a categoria participação como eixo de análise.
Conflictos y tensiones del desarrollo eco-territorial en Bolivia
Authors: Icasuriaga Gabriela Lema
Published: August 2020

A pesar del reconocido “progresismo” del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, la reproducción de modelos de desarrollo que no condicen con la identidad social, ni con la biodiversidad, demuestra su incongruencia frente a los conflictos que se manifiestan ante la abertura de una carretera en área indígena de protección ambiental. El territorio indígena Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure en Bolivia, es uno de los ejemplos más agudos de las estrategias de articulación económica en América Latina. Recientemente el gobierno boliviano suspendió el principio constitucional de mayor protección de la reserva para abertura de una carretera de más de 300 km de extensión que uniría los municipios de Beni (noreste) y Cochabamba (Centro) con la finalidad de integrar estos pueblos al desarrollo del país y del subcontinente. Nos proponemos realizar una aproximación a la complejidad del caso que articula diversos intereses de movimientos sociales, del gobierno y de geopolítica internacional y articularemos algunos cuestionamientos sobre los límites del concepto de desarrollo socio ambiental.
Colonoscopy and Reduction of Colorectal Cancer Risk by Molecular Tumor Subtypes: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Hoffmeister Michael , Bläker Hendrik , Jansen Lina , Alwers Elizabeth , Amitay Efrat L. , Carr Prudence R. , Kloor Matthias , Herpel Esther , Roth Wilfried , Chang-Claude Jenny , Brenner Hermann
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

In previous studies, the protective effect of colonoscopy was generally stronger for distal colorectal cancer than for proximal colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate whether reduction of CRC risk through colonoscopy varies according to major tumor markers and pathways of CRC.

METHODS:

This is a population-based case-control study from Germany, including 2,132 patients with a first diagnosis of CRC and information on major molecular tumor markers and 2,486 control participants without CRC. Detailed participant characteristics were collected by standardized questionnaires. Information on previous colonoscopy was derived from medical records. Polytomous logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between previous colonoscopy and subtypes of CRC.

RESULTS:

Overall, we observed strong risk reduction of CRC after colonoscopy that was weaker for microsatellite instable (MSI) than for non-MSI CRC (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97 vs OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.24–0.33), for CpG island methylator phenotype high CRC than for CpG island methylator phenotype low/negative CRC (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34–0.59 vs OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.25–0.34), for BRAF-mutated than for BRAF nonmutated CRC (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.91 vs OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.25–0.35), for KRAS nonmutated than for KRAS-mutated CRC (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.29–0.40 vs OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.20–0.32), and for CRC classified into the sessile serrated pathway than for CRC of the traditional pathway (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.91 vs OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.25–0.37). After colonoscopy with the detection of adenomas or hyperplastic polyps, no risk reduction was found for sessile serrated pathway CRC, MSI, and BRAF-mutated subtypes.

DISCUSSION:

Our study extends the molecular understanding of existing differences in risk reduction of proximal and distal CRCs reported by previous studies and may imply important information for improving strategies for timely detection of relevant precursors.
Resto y archivo: la arqueología como resistencia
Authors: Taccetta Natalia
Published: August 2020

Desde una perspectiva de la teoría contemporánea, este artículo aborda la relación entre resto y archivo y, abrevando en el texto clásico de Michel Foucault, La arqueología del saber, explora la arqueología como resistencia. A partir del mencionado Foucault y autores como Arlette Farge y Giorgio Agamben, se intenta producir una aproximación a la cuestión del archivo a partir de la idea de resto para pensar la obra del historiador o el artista como acto de creación. Esto implica problematizar la concepción tradicional del archivo como repositorio de documentos que proponen una suerte de acceso al pasado para considerarlo como un terreno de disputas teóricas y disciplinarias sobre el vínculo con los acontecimientos de los que se intenta dar cuenta
Premeditando o Breque e Língua de Trapo: a dimensão política da Vanguarda Paulista por meio do humor
Authors: Fenerick José Adriano
Published: August 2020

Este artigo é um estudo sobre a crítica política do Língua de Trapo e do Premeditando o Breque, realizada por meio do humor. Inseridos no campo do underground do começo da década de 1980 e, portanto, relativamente distantes das regras impostas pelo grande mercado de música no país, esses dois grupos, pertencentes à chamada Vanguarda Paulista, criaram um contraponto crítico à produção musical de sua época. Assim, ao analisar algumas de suas canções, este texto procura destacar certos aspectos do humor como procedimento de crítica cultural e política.
O historiador como fotógrafo da morte: uma leitura de Histórias que só existem quando lembradas
Authors: Attila Marcelino Douglas
Published: August 2020

Tomando como objeto de análise o filme Histórias que só existem quando lembradas, lançado em 2012 e dirigido por Júlia Murat, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o fotógrafo como metáfora do papel do historiador. Tal como a fotógrafa recém-chegada na cidade imaginária de Jotuomba, na qual um conjunto pequeno de moradores desenvolve suas atividades diárias apagando completamente a passagem do tempo, é possível compreender o historiador como aquele que se utiliza de rastros e vestígios para a construção de imagens por meio das quais os sujeitos podem entrar em choque com o seu passado, de modo semelhante à concepção benjaminiana sobre a noção de rastros e sobre a produção de imagens dialéticas. Esse choque, como instantâneo que se configura na tensão entre o recalcado e os desejos que tornam qualquer relação com imagens do passado anacrônica, pode ser libertador do peso de um passado que se acumula, de forma anódina e previsível, nas repetições do cotidiano, por intermédio de gestos, ritos, objetos, frases clichês, enfim, de uma vivência que se esqueceu (ou recalcou) da própria passagem do tempo.
Manuais de ensino de História oitocentistas: reflexões sobre o cristianismo na história escolar no Império do Brasil
Authors: Farias Júnior José Petrúcio de , Guimarães Selva
Published: August 2020

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma investigação acerca  dos compêndios de História Universal, de Victor Duruy e Pedro Parley, aprovados e adotados pelo Estado Imperial brasileiro para o ensino da História nas escolas secundárias de 1854 a 1878. Neste período, aconteceram as Reformas Educacionais de Couto Ferraz (1854) e de Leôncio de Carvalho de 1878. Analisa-se, então, no contexto dessas Reformas, o papel dos Manuais didáticos, na disseminação do Cristianismo, do ideal de Nação e de cidadania, a partir da histórica escolar. Para impor ideias e preceitos politicas e culturais  o Estado Imperial aprovou o Regulamento da Instrução Primária e Secundária, cuja responsabilidade era fiscalizar e orientar o ensino público e particular nos níveis primário e secundário, estabelecendo normas para o exercício da liberdade de ensino.
O valor educativo da história da filosofia no discurso de John Dewey
Authors: Cunha Marcus Vinicius da , Costa Sarah Passos Vieira da , Mercau Horacio Héctor
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo ampliar o entendimento e o alcance das teses filosóficas e educacionais de John Dewey, as situando no interior da tradição discursiva retórica derivada da Sofística. Para isso, faz-se primeiramente o exame quantitativo das ocorrências da expressão “history of philosophy”, passando em seguida à análise qualitativa do tema “história da filosofia” nas obras publicadas em The collected works of John Dewey: 1882-1953 (Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, EUA). Esse exame revela duas características que permitem associar Dewey à tradição retórica: o valor educativo atribuído ao estudo da história e uma forma de argumentar baseada na genealogia de fatos e conceitos. Tendo por base as teses de Dewey sobre estética e sua conceituação de experiência, o artigo é finalizado com a proposta de uma história criativa da filosofia e da educação.
A educação formativa e a docência de uma professora de crianças (1937-1971)
Authors: Araújo Marta Maria de , Fernandes Hercília Maria
Published: August 2020

A formação pedagógica e a docência profissional da prof.ª Marinete Gomes Bezerra, nos anos de 1937-1940 (Escola Normal de Natal) e de 1941-1971 (escolas públicas urbanas e rural), respectivamente, são objetos de reflexão histórica do presente trabalho. Para a análise das fontes documentais (livro de reminiscências, legislação educacional, registro de diploma, programa de ensino), tornou-se pertinente o entendimento metodológico definido por Catani (2000), para que se procedesse a uma análise simultânea e integrada das dimensões teóricas e práticas – formação e docência – nas instituições de estudo e de trabalho, e para além dos saberes disciplinares. A constação conclusiva é que a dimensão teórica e a dimensão prática da formação pedagógica e da docência profissional da prof.ª Marinete efetuaram-se pela interlocução com uma literatura institucionalizada das ciências da educação. Por conseguinte, culminando na complexidade de uma formação relativamente completa para efetivar a educação integral da criança-aluna da escola pública.
A habitação do professor primário em meio rural durante a I República Portuguesa (1910-1926): análise de projetos de escolas e residências
Authors: Silva Carlos Manique da
Published: August 2020

No presente artigo, assumo que o projeto integrador republicano procurou valorizar o papel social dos professores primários, nomeadamente, em meio rural, atribuindo-lhes (ou, pelo menos, pretendendo atribuir-lhes) determinadas condições para o desenvolvimento da sua missão. Uma dessas condições teve que ver com a habitação destinada ao professor. Adotando a perspetiva analítica definida por Viñao (2004), tento perceber a importância que a habitação do professor tem em alguns projetos de escolas e residências autónomas desenhados pelo arquiteto Raul Lino durante a I República (1910-1926). Concluo que a sobrevalorização desse espaço, manifestada no desenho, não encontra correspondente tradução prática; evidencio, assim, os limites do projeto reformista republicano, particularmente nos meios rurais (onde eram expectáveis soluções urgentes).
Inclusión en la universidad italiana: el caso de la Universidad de Roma “Foro Italico”
Authors: De Anna Lucia , Sánchez Utge Marta
Published: August 2020

A través de un itinerario histórico-legislativo se evidencian las iniciativas para crear en las universidades italianas la CNUDD (Conferencia Nacional Universitaria de Delegados para la Discapacidad). Organismo que se confronta con las distintas praxis y con los problemas de los estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad y con TEA (trastornos específicos de aprendizaje). La experiencia de la Università di Roma “Foro Italico” se presenta como ejemplo por sus características específicas para conjugar las Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte con la inclusividad. Esto ha sido posible gracias a numerosas iniciativas y a transformaciones organizativas y pedagógico-didácticas para crear un contexto educativo inclusivo que favorezca a todos los estudiantes, sin pasar por alto las especificidades individuales, a través de la colaboración y el acuerdo con la comunidad universitaria.
State of Play in the EU–CELAC Common Research Area
Authors: De Sole Martina
Published: August 2020

N/A
Silver sulfadiazine loaded breathable hydrogel sponge for wound healing
Authors: Pandey Anamika , Momin Munira , Chando Anita
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Patients with serious injury need special care and treatment to control the infection, as wound sepsis is one of the major causes of death. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent which promotes healing and re-epithelialization. However, due to certain drawbacks such as inflammation and cytotoxicity, the need for novel drug delivery modality emerges. The objective of this study was to develop natural polymeric (chitosan and gelatin) hydrogel sponges containing SSD and evaluate its efficacy in wound healing using animal models.

Methods

SSD containing hydrogel sponges were prepared by solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to evaluate morphological characteristics of the hydrogel sponges. Anti-thrombogenic property, drug release studies, drug release kinetics, antimicrobial property, and wound healing effect were also studied in detail.

Results

The optimized batch of hydrogel sponges (CG4) consists of 1% SSD wt., 10% wt. Gelatin, 1% wt. Chitosan and honey 7.5% wt. as plasticizer. At the 12th hour, in vitro and ex vivo drug release was found to be 76.994±0.67% and 24.22±0.57% respectively. CG4 batch had enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to conventional marketed cream. The developed SSD hydrogel sponges showed a faster rate of wound healing as compared to a marketed cream. Animals treated with CG4 formulation showed complete angiogenesis and re-epithelialization by 8th day, whereas 12 days were required for complete wound healing with marketed cream.

Conclusions

The prepared hydrogel sponges can serve as a potential alternative for wound healing dressing as compared to the marketed product.
The challenges of diagnosing diabetes in childhood
Authors: Pucci Mairi , Benati Marco , Lo Cascio Claudia , Montagnana Martina , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, whereby type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) alone involves nearly 15 million patients. Although T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common types, there are other forms of diabetes which may remain often under-diagnosed, or that can be misdiagnosed as being T1DM or T2DM. After an initial diagnostic step, the differential diagnosis among T1DM, T2DM, Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and others forms has important implication for both therapeutic and behavioral decisions. Although the criteria used for diagnosing diabetes mellitus are well defined by the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), no clear indications are provided on the optimal approach to be followed for classifying diabetes, especially in children. In this circumstance, both routine and genetic blood test may play a pivotal role. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide, through a narrative literature review, some elements that may aid accurate diagnosis and classification of diabetes in children and young people.
Modeling the Impact of Riparian Vegetation on Flow Structure and Bed Sediment Distribution in Rivers
Authors: Morri Mabrouka , Soualmia Amel
Published: August 2020

The effect of instream vegetation growth has largely been ignored by hydrological and geomorphological research in river environments, which focused instead on the function of riparian vegetation as a regulator of bank stability or as a buffer for dissolved and particulate matter entering the channel from the hillside. However, in many lowland streams, instream vegetation can be very intensive, resulting in high biomass levels during the growing season. Instream plants have a significant influence on the dynamics of flow, sediment, and nutrients. Plant growth can cause increased frictional resistance to flow and can have a short-to medium-term effects on the geomorphology of the channel. Additionally, plant development influences the velocity of river flow, affects sedimentation dynamics and increases flood risk. To achieve a balance between flooding and ecological management of rivers in the presence of vegetation, a reliable method is required to predict the resistance of channels. In the current study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model is developed and applied using a new scaling expression of shear stress based on vegetation characteristics. These first attempts at field simulations showed qualitatively acceptable results and demonstrated the effectiveness of the model in predicting hydraulic parameters in the presence of vegetation. This model is useful in predicting the effect of vegetation on stream flow and river morphology, as well as in managing flood hazards and stream ecology.
Flow-induced Vibrations of a Horizontal Elastic Band Plate Submerged in Fluid of Finite Depth
Authors: Szmidt Kazimierz , Hedzielski Benedykt
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with forced vibrations of a horizontal thin elastic plate submerged in a semi-infinite layer of fluid of constant depth. The pressure load on this plate is induced by water waves arriving at the plate. This load is accompanied by pressure resulting from the motion of the plate. The plate and fluid motions depend on boundary conditions, and, in particular, the pressure load depends on the width of the gap between the plate and the bottom. In theoretical description of the phenomenon, we deal with a coupled problem of hydrodynamics in which the plate and fluid motions are coupled through boundary conditions at the plate surfaces. The main attention is focused on transient solutions of the problem, which correspond to fluid (and plate) motion starting from rest. In formulation of this problem, a linear theory of small deflections of the plate is employed. In order to calculate the fluid pressure, a solution of Laplace’s equation is constructed in a doubly connected fluid domain. With respect to the initial value problem considered, we confine our attention to a finite fluid domain. For a finite elapse of time, measured from the starting point, the solution in the finite fluid area mimics a solution within an infinite domain, inherent for wave propagation problems. Because of the complicated structure of boundary conditions of the coupled problem considered, the fluid domain is divided into sub-domains of simple geometry, and the solutions of the problem equations are constructed separately in each of these domains. Numerical experiments have been conducted to illustrate the formulation developed in this paper.