bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and pathogenic characteristics of the Fusarium species isolated from minor legumes in Korea
Authors: Ha Min Sun , Ryu Hyunjoo , Ju Ho Jong , Choi Hyo-Won
Published: May 2023

Several legume plants exhibiting wilt symptoms were obtained from legume plantations in Korea from 2020 to 2021. Different fungal genera, including Fusarium spp.; Colletotrichum spp., Macrophomina spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Lasiodiplodia sp., were isolated from the internal tissues of the obtained plant roots and stems. Fusarium spp. were the most dominant, accounting for 71% (29) of the isolates. The Fusarium isolates were identified via morphological characteristics and molecular identification using the DNA sequence of translation elongation factor 1 alpha and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit regions. In the pathogenicity test, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi generally exhibited high virulence, and Fusarium falciforme, Fusarium metavorans, and Fusarium ipomoeae species exhibited low or no virulence. The NC20-738, NC20-739, and NC21-950 isolates demonstrated the widest host range as they infected all the nine crop plants. Conversely, the NC20-772 isolate induced disease only in adzuki beans and exhibited the narrowest host range. The diverse information regarding the Fusarium spp. obtained in this study will provide the basis for implementing management strategies for Fusarium-induced plant diseases to minimize economic loss associated with minor legume crops in Korea.
Adenosine deaminase family acting on RNA 1 may be a de novo target on endometriosis
Authors: Vu Thuy Ha , Nakamura Keiichiro , Shigeyasu Kunitoshi , Kubo Kotaro , Kashino Chiaki , Masuyama Hisashi
Published: May 2023

Adenosine deaminase family acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) expression was examined to determine its correlation with endometriosis. The biological functions and inhibitory effects of ADAR1 knockdown were investigated in the EMC100, EMC214, and EPC-1 cell lines. ADAR1 was examined in patients with and without endometriosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The apoptotic expression of ADAR1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was confirmed using flow cytometry. The biological functions and inhibitory effects of ADAR1 knockdown were investigated using RT-PCR in immortalized human uterine endometrial cell lines. ADAR1 expression was significantly higher in patients with endometriosis than in those without (P = 0.044). The proportions of viable cells decreased to 60.8%, 61.9%, and 72.9% (mock) and 58.9%, 40.2% and 59.1% (control) of the control cell viability at 48 hours after transient transfection of the ADAR1 siRNA into EMC100, EMC214, and EPC-1 cell lines. ADAR1 knockdown led to apoptosis through MDA-5, RIG-I, PKR, IRF3, IRF7, Caspase3, Caspase7, and Caspase8 expression. ADAR1 could be a potential therapeutic target in endometriosis.
Metabarcoding Combined with Specific Mini-barcodes Enables Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Case Study of Lonicerae japonicae flos
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Wenxiu , Xing Zhimei , Xu Liuwei , Tian Xiaoxuan
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Lonicerae japonicae flos, also known as Jinyinhua (JYH), is an important component of traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPM) products. However, the potential for adulteration and substitution with low-quality materials highlights the need for a reliable and sensitive approach to identify the species composition of TCPM products for consumer safety.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We used universal ITS2 primers to amplify TCPMs containing JYH. However, the results were inconclusive, as only one operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was identified as Lonicera sp., which could not be identified at the species level. To confirm the species identification of Lonicera sp. in TCPM, we developed a short mini-barcode primer based on thepsbA-trnH region, which, in combination with DNA metabarcoding technology, allowed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of artificially mixed samples. We applied the mini-barcode to distinguish TCPMs containing JYH and demonstrated its relatively accurate quantitative ability in identifying twoLonicera species.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study presents a method for qualitative and quantitative identification of JYH, providing a promising application of DNA metabarcoding technology in the quality control of TCPM products.
Bioavailable vitamin D levels in children with first episode nephrotic syndrome: A longitudinal study.
Authors: Charan Sai , Saha Abhijeet , Dhull Rachita Singh , Nagia Anita , Goyal Rajeev , Singh Prachi , Pemde Harish Kumar
Published: May 2023

Background
Bioavailable vitamin D levels is could be a better marker than total 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels to assess vitamin D status in children with nephrotic syndrome.
Primary objective
To assess the levels of Serum bioavailable vitamin D in children aged 1 to 12 years with idiopathic FENS and in healthy controls.
Secondary objective
1. To measure the levels of bioavailable vitamin D in FENS and after 4 weeks of standard steroid therapy induced remission.
2. To compare levels of serum and urine VDBP in FENS and after 4 weeks of standard steroid therapy induced remission.
Materials and Methods
A longitudinal study was conducted in children between age 1 to 12 years with idiopathic first episode nephrotic syndrome. After diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome as per ISPN guidelines, additional investigations like calcium, phosphorus, ALP, 25 hydroxy vitamin D, PTH, serum Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and urinary VDBP. Bioavailable and free vitamin D was calculated using above data. The patients were followed up after 4 weeks of remission and investigations were repeated and bioavailable vitamin D was calculated again, later results were compared and analysed. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for parametric and non-parametric data. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
The mean 25 hydroxy vitamin D level was 11.27(6.08) at FENS and at 4 weeks follow-up it was 13.65 (6.24). Hence children with FENS remained deficient in 25 hydroxy vitamin D, both during relapse and remission compared to healthy controls (15.97 ng/ml). The mean serum VDBP level in FENS during relapse was 242.90 (127.75). There was significant correlation of serum VDBP with serum albumin levels (p value 0.04). At 4 weeks of remission the VDBP levels increased to 550.7(219.7), this increase was significant (p value <0.001). The mean free vitamin D at FENS was 1.54 (1.70) pg/ml, on follow-up visit at 4 weeks of remission the free vitamin D levels decreased to 0.68 (0.53) pg/ml. The mean bioavailable vitamin D in FENS during relapse was 0.75 (0.84) ng/ml and on follow-up at 4 weeks of remission increased to 1.11 (0.84) ng/ml (p value = 0.015).
Conclusion
Children with FENS are deficient of vitamin D levels. The free and bioavailable vitamin D levels are reduced in children with FENS during proteinuria, as compared to healthy controls. Further studies showing correlation of bioavailable vitamin D and 25 hydroxyvitamin D with bone mineral density are required in children to validate the usage of bioavailable vitamin D in clinical practice.
An effective technique for solving generalized Cahn-Hilliard (C-H) problems
Authors: Hassan A. , Arafa A. A. M. , Rida S. Z. , Dagher M. A. , Sherbiny Hamed M. El
Published: May 2023

Throughout this paper, we apply the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) to find out the numerical solutions of the fractional Cahn-Hilliard (C-H) equation. The most advantage of this method is that it contains parameters that strongly control the solution series convergence. Approximate solutions of the C-H equation were compared with the exact solutions. A comparison of these solutions with the exact solution shows that our method is more effective and accurate for solving nonlinear differential equations.
Evaluation of age-related changes in teneligliptin pharmacokinetics in Japanese and Caucasian subjects using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Iijima Hiroaki , Shimizu Hidetoshi , Mori-Anai Kazumi , Kawaguchi Atsuhiro , Mochida Yoji , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi
Published: May 2023

Teneligliptin, an antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is widely used in older patients. However, the pharmacokinetic data for teneligliptin in older people are limited. Therefore, we simulated the plasma concentration–time profiles for teneligliptin at a dose of 20 mg (single and multiple doses) in virtual Japanese (20–70 years old) and Caucasian (20–98 years old) subjects using the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulator Simcyp. In both populations up to 70 years old, the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of teneligliptin tended to increase slightly with age. However, no clear age-related change in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of teneligliptin was observed. In Caucasians ≥70 years old, the AUC tended to increase but the ratio of change in Cmax was smaller than that in AUC. In both populations, there were positive correlations between AUC and age, but not between Cmax and age. The results of PK simulations using the PBPK model across a wide age range, which included older subjects for whom clinical PK data are difficult to collect, suggested that there are some age-related changes in AUC of teneligliptin, and that Cmax is less affected by age than AUC.
Field Efficacy of Various Insecticides and Trichogramma Chilonis (Ishii) Against Tomato Fruit Borer Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Notctuidae)
Authors: Khan Amani Mulk , Saljoqi Ahmad-Ur-Rahman , Ullah Mehran , Amin Muhammad
Published: May 2023

The present study investigated the comparative efficacy of botanical extracts (Neem 2 and 3%), commercial insecticide (Radiant) and bio-agent (Trichogramma chilonis) against tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera in tomato crop under field conditions, Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab Peshawar, 2019. The experiment was laid out under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement having five treatments (Radiant, Neem (2 and 3%) and Trichogramma chilonis) replicated three times. Pre spray data was recorded before 24hrs of treatment application while post spray data was recorded after different time intervals (24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, 5 days, 7days, 10 days and 15 days) of each treatment application. Data regarding infestation showed that highest percent reduction over control was recorded in Radiant treated plots followed by Neem 3% and Trichogramma treated plots. The efficacy of each treatment was recorded at peak after 7 days then gradually declined and was found minimum after 15 days interval. However, highest larval and eggs infestation were recorded in control plots throughout the experimental period. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that botanical extracts (Neem 2 and 3%), commercial insecticide (Radiant) and bio agent (Trichogramma chilonis) significantly reduced percent fruit damage. Highest percent reduction in comparison with control was recorded in the plots treated with commercial insecticide Radiant. Data further revealed that each treatment application significantly increased total tomato yield and total marketable tomato yield. Highest tomato total marketable yield (9583 kg ha-1) with 80% increase over control was recorded in the Radian treated plots. It can be concluded that Radiant, Trichocards and Neem 3% comparatively have a high potential in reduction of fruit infestation which as a result gives higher yield with high percentage of marketable fruits and with highest cost benefit ratio.
Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity increases the risk of papillary thyroid cancer and cervical lymph node metastasis
Authors: Muhanhali Dilidaer , Deng Lingxin , Ai Zhilong , Ling Yan
Published: May 2023

Background: The association of thyroid hormone sensitivity with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) isunclear. This study investigated the relationship between the thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and the risk of PTC and the influence of thyroid hormone sensitivity on the aggressive clinicopathologic features of PTC.
Methods: This retrospective studyrecruited 1225 PTC patients and 369 patients with benign nodules undergoing surgery in Zhongshan Hospital in 2020. The thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), TSH index (TSHI) and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI). We employed logistic regression models to explore the correlation between the thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and the risk of PTC and its cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM).
Results: PTC patients had significantly higher levels of TSH, TFQI, TSHI and TT4RI compared to the patients with benign nodules, but thyroid hormone levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the higher levels of TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were associated with an increased risk of PTC after adjustment for multiple risk factors (TFQI: OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.39-2.65, P<0.001; TSHI: OR=2.33, 95%CI:1.67-3.26, P<0.001; TT4RI: OR=2.41, 95%CI:1.73-3.36, P<0.001). In addition, patients with decreased thyroid hormone sensitivity had a higher risk of cervical LNM in multiple logistic regression analysis (TFQI: OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.03-1.86, P=0.03; TSHI: OR=1.37, 95%CI:1.02-1.84, P=0.04; TT4RI: OR= 1.40, 95%CI:1.05-1.89, P=0.02).
Conclusion: Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone was associated with an increased risk of PTC, and it is also associated with a higher risk of cervical LNM in PTC patients.
Prevalence of and risk factors for iron deficiency among pregnant women with moderate or severe anaemia in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Babah Ochuwa Adiketu , Akinajo Opeyemi Rebecca , Beňová Lenka , Hanson Claudia , Abioye Ajibola Ibraheem , Adaramoye Victoria Olawunmi , Adeyemo Titilope A. , Balogun Mobolanle Rasheedat , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Galadanci Hadiza S. , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Afolabi Bosede Bukola , Larsson Elin C.
Published: May 2023

Background Anaemia during pregnancy could cause adverse outcomes to the woman and the foetus, including anaemic heart failure, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation. Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anaemia and oral iron supplementation during pregnancy is widely recommended. However, little focus is directed to dietary intake. This study estimates the contribution of iron deficiency among anaemic pregnant women and examines risk factors including dietary risk factors for iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in pregnant women with moderate or severe anaemia in Lagos and Kano states, Nigeria.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 11,582 women were screened for anaemia at 20–32 weeks gestation. The 872 who had moderate or severe anaemia (haemoglobin concentration < 10g/dL) were included in this study. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin level < 30ng/mL. We described the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of the sample and their self-report of consumption of common food items. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with IDA.Results Iron deficiency was observed among 41% (95%CI: 38–45) of women with moderate or severe anaemia and the prevalence increased with gestational age. Any consumption of green vegetables was found to be associated with a 64–74% reduction in odds for IDA compared to non-consumption (aOR: 0.26–0.36, p < 0.05). Daily consumption of edible kaolin clay was associated with increased odds of having IDA compared to non-consumption, aOR 9.13 (95%CI: 3.27–25.48). Consumption of soybeans three to four times a week was associated with higher odds of IDA compared to non-consumption, aOR: 1.78 (95%CI: 1.12–2.82).Conclusion About 4 in 10 women with moderate or severe anaemia during pregnancy had IDA. Our study provides evidence for the protective effect of green leafy vegetables against IDA while self-reported consumption of edible kaolin clay and soybeans appeared to increase the odds of having IDA during pregnancy. Health education on diet during pregnancy need to be evaluated since this could potentially increase awareness and change behaviours that could reduce IDA among pregnant women with moderate or severe anaemia in Nigeria and other countries.
Hepatitis B severity is associated with mitochondrial damage in T lymphocytes
Authors: Cheng Jianghao , Wang Haozhen , Li Chaodan , Zhang Xia , Liu Shibo , Zhu Yufeng , Jin Meitong , Zhu Mingli
Published: May 2023

Background Hepatitis B infection remains a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, which exerts substantial pressure on global public health security. Recent studies have demonstrated that T cell-mediated cellular immune mechanisms are important in hepatitis B progression. Oxidative stress is also an important background of numerous liver disorders, but the connections between numbers and oxidative stress of T cells remain unclear in hepatitis B.Purpose To assess the characterizations and changes of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in hepatitis B development.Methods We recruited 432 patients with hepatitis B (144 with mild disease, 165 with moderate and severe disease, 90 with compensated cirrhosis, 33 with decompensated cirrhosis) and 65 healthy people (controls) to the study. Mitochondrial damage was detected by flow cytometry with a specific probe. The immune levels of specific immune cells and T cell mitochondrial functions were evaluated with the relative and absolute counts of T lymphocyte subsets.Results Patients with hepatitis B had higher mitochondrial damage indexes, which increased with disease progression. The patients also had lower absolute CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts compared with the controls (p < 0.05), where the counts decreased with disease progression. The absolute CD8+ T cell counts were negatively correlated with the mitochondrial damage indexes (p < 0.05, r = -0.11), but there were no correlations between the absolute CD4+ T cell counts and the mitochondrial damage indexes. Furthermore, the absolute T cell counts had a weakly positive correlation with the liver injury index, but the T cell mitochondrial damage indexes were not correlated with the liver injury index.Conclusions These data suggested that the mitochondrial damage frequencies and T lymphocyte subset levels differed between the different phases of chronic HBV infection, and decreased lymphocyte subsets might be related to the increased mitochondrial damage indexes in hepatitis B patients. The abnormal change in mitochondrial function and lymphocyte subsets might be important in hepatitis B development, but the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous.
Topological regularity for solutions to the generalised Hopf equation.
Authors: Martin Gaven , Yao Cong
Published: May 2023

The generalised Hopf equation is the first order nonlinear equation defined on a planar domain Ω ⊂ C, with data Φ a holomorphic function and η ≥ 1 a positive weight on Ω, hw hw η(w) = Φ. The Hopf equation is the special case η(w) = ˜η(h(w)) and reflects that h is harmonic with respect to the conformal metric p η˜(z)|dz|, usually η is the hyperbolic metric. This article obtains conditions on the data to ensure that a solution is open and discrete. We also prove a strong uniqueness result.
Life-course Transition as a Determinant of Migration: A Scoping Review
Authors: Narayan Akhila Chakshu , Chakraborty Rituparna
Published: May 2023

This scoping review analyses life-course transition as a determinant of migration. Migration paired with life-course transitions has been analysed from developmental psychology and life course perspectives. The context of the review is limited to the contemporary industrialized globalized developed and developing societies in which migration has become prevalent. This review analysed the alignment of life course transition stages and migration, delving into its possible explanations. An increase of migration within emerging adulthood is brought out. The review follows PRISMA guidelines, and the final protocol was registered at Open Science Framework’s open-access registry. The review found that most migrations are aligned with developmental life course transition events, like progression from school to higher education, college to work, or from work to retirement. Steadily increasing migration within the period of emerging adulthood has been identified as being relevant to the psychosocial developmental relevance within the life-course. In addition, the review also indicates that although the mental health and well-being of migrating individuals need consideration at all ages, older adults are at higher risk of both physical and mental health complications.
On Discerning Between Mixtures of Linearly Polarized Photons using the Hong-Ou-Mandel Effect and Heralding Photon
Authors: Troyansky Lidror
Published: May 2023

The Hong, Ou, and Mandel (HOM) effect allows to assess the similarity between the polarization of two (otherwise identical) photons that enter a beam-splitter from two different ports at the same time, without obtaining information regarding the absolute polarization. This report presents new methods that utilize the HOM effect with three photons to discern between mixtures of polarized photons. When one photon is detected in one port of the beam splitter, it heralds that the two other photons are likely to be identical. The resulted polarization statistics can be utilized to discern between mixed states of polarized photons that cannot be discerned by previous methods.
Mating alters the food choices of adult ladybird beetle (Propylea dissecta Mulsant)
Authors: Verma Lata , Mishra Geetanjali , Omkar Omkar
Published: May 2023

Mating alters nutritional and energetic needs which results in behavioural and physiological changes related to reproduction. But little is known as to how mating influences sex specific food preferences in ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta. To explore this, 10-day old adults were subjected to different time mating interruption treatments, i.e., no mating, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes and complete mating (211 ± 8.1 min) and post mating they were then provided with food choice (i.e., Aphis craccivora, conspecific eggs, and heterospecific eggs) separately in Petridish. Results show that on increase in mating duration females showed altered food choice whereas it was found to be insignificant in males. However, in both the sexes time to consume first prey was decreased on increase in mating duration possibly to cope up high energy expenditure and to fulfil their instant food requirements. Our results indicate that mating modulates sex-specific food preference in ladybird beetle, P. dissecta.
A species unique to China—The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Eomecon chionantha Hance and phylogenetic relationships analysis
Authors: Huang Linfang , Miao Yujing , Zhang Guoshuai , Zhang Xinke , Zhang Huihui , Xie Junbo , Zeng Rui , Zhang Zhi
Published: May 2023

Eomecon chionanthaHance (EC) is a unique species in China with high medicinal value. Ethnic minorities in China, such as the Miao and Tujia ethnic groups, have a long history of using blood herbs for treatment, andEChas been used for this purpose for centuries. However, despite its long history of use, we have no knowledge of the chloroplast genome ofECTherefore, this study reportsEC's complete chloroplast genome information to better develop and protect this unique plant species in China. The complete chloroplast genomic information indicates thatEC's chloroplast DNA (CPDNA) (178,808 bp) contains 99 protein-coding genes, including 8 rRNAs, 37 tRNAs. We have discovered 54 SSRs, most of which are single nucleotide adenine-thymidine (A-T) repeats. Comparative analysis of codons, repeats, and genomic sequences have found that the CPDNA ofECis highly conserved. According to our phylogenetic tree results,ECis closely related to four species. Through K2-P analysis, we have identified five hypervariable regions, includingycf4-cemA,ycf3-trnS-GGA,trnC-GCA-petN,rpl32-trnL-UAG, andpsbI-trnS-UGA. In summary, this study has reported, for the first time, the complete chloroplast genome of the unique single genus plantECin China. This provides a more scientific basis for further development and utilization of this species and is conducive to an in-depth understanding of plant species diversity from a genomic perspective.
Model-free tracking control of complex dynamical trajectories with machine learning
Authors: Lai Ying-Cheng , Kong Ling-Wei , Zhai Zheng-Meng , Moradi Mohammadamin , Glaz Bryan , Haile Mulugeta
Published: May 2023

Nonlinear tracking control enabling a dynamical system to track a desired trajectory is fundamental to robotics, serving a wide range of civil and defense applications. In control engineering, designing tracking control requires complete knowledge of the system model and equations. We develop a model-free, machine-learning framework to control a two-arm robotic manipulator using only partially observed states, where the controller is realized by reservoir computing. Stochastic input is exploited for training, which consists of the observed partial state vector as the first and its time-delayed copy as the second component so that the neural machine regards the latter as the future state of the former. In the testing (deployment) phase, the time-delayed component is replaced by the desired observational vector from the reference trajectory. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the control framework using a variety of periodic and chaotic signals, and establish its robustness against measurement noise, disturbances, and uncertainties.
Generalizing Frobenius Inversion to Quaternion Matrices
Authors: Chen Qiyuan , Uhlmann Jeffery , Ye Ke
Published: May 2023

In this paper we derive and analyze an algorithm for inverting quaternion matrices. The algorithm is an analogue of the Frobenius algorithm for the complex matrix inversion. On the theory side, we prove that our algorithm is more efficient that other existing methods. Moreover, our algorithm is optimal in the sense of the least number of complex inversions. On the practice side, our algorithm outperforms existing algorithms on randomly generated matrices. We argue that this algorithm can be used to improve the practical utility of recursive Strassen-type algorithms by providing the fastest possible base case for the recursive decomposition process when applied to quaternion matrices.
Red cell distribution width to albumin ratio is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in general population
Authors: Song Yanbin , Li Wenhua
Published: May 2023

Background: Red cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) has been demonstrated to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is still unknown whether the RAR affects atrial fibrillation (AF) . Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between RAR and AF in general population.
Methods: A total of 2436 participants were retrospectively enrolled. Red cell distribution width, albumin and other data were collected. AF was confirmed using 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or 24-hour Holter. All participants were divided into four groups according to the RAR values by quartile (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to examine the correlation between RAR and AF.
Results: Among the 2436 participants, 227 (9.3%) AF cases were observed. The RDW and RAR were significantly higher in AF group than in non-AF group (all P<0.001). Univariate logistic regression showed an positive association between RAR and AF (P<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, RAR was found to be an independent risk factor of AF after adjusting for confounding factors (OR:2.015, 95%CI:1.315-3.089, P=0.001) .
Conclusions: The present study indicated that elevated RAR level was independently correlated with increased risk of AF in general population.
The [k]-multiple Roman domination in Graphs
Authors: Valenzuela-Tripodoro J. C. , Mateos-Camacho M. A. , Cera M. , Alvarez-Ruiz M. P.
Published: May 2023

In 2016, Beeler et al. introduced the double Roman domination as a variation of Roman domination and recently Abdollahzadeh et al. (resp. Amjadi et al.) initiated the study of triple (resp. quadruple) Roman domination in graphs. Given any labeling of the vertices of a graph, AN(v) stands for the set of neighbors of a vertex v having a positive label. In this paper we generalize these concepts by studying the [k]-multiple Roman domination functions ([k]-MRDF) in graphs which coincides with the previous versions when 2 ≤ k ≤ 4. Namely, f is a [k]-MRDF if f(N[v]) ≥ k + |AN(v)| for all v. We approach the complexity of the associate decision problem and we also give sharp bounds and exact values for several classes of graphs.
Establishment of hairy roots culture of Perilla frutescens L. and production of phenolic acids
Authors: Yan Yan , Huang Xinyi , Shen Qiong , Hu Ruiyi , Wang Ping , Yan Min , Di Peng , Wang Yingping
Published: May 2023

Perilla frutescens L. is a kind of phenolic acids riches plant. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is the main phenolic acid component in perilla. It has various pharmacological activities such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. In this study, the hairy roots culture of Perilla was established from leaves explants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes C58C1, A4, R1000, and the content of phenolic acids was also determined. The highest RA content in the five obtained fast-growing lines reached 19.08mg/g (DW). The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on phenolic acids (Protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, RA, and ethyl caffeic acid ) accumulation in hairy roots were also investigated. SA can promote phenolic acid accumulation; the content of RA reached 20.92 mg/g (DW) on day nine after treatment. MeJA can upregulate the RA content to 17.36mg/g (DW) on day three, and then the RA content declined to 4.27mg/g (DW) on day 9. These results showed the high potential of perilla hairy roots to produce phenolic acids. It would be an efficient method for the large-scale production of RA in P. frutescens.
Detection and genetic characterization of enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks from swine farms in Spain
Authors: Puente Héctor , Arguello Héctor , Cortey Martí , Gómez-García Manuel , Mencía-Ares Oscar , Pérez-Perez Lucía , Díaz Ivan , Carvajal Ana
Published: May 2023

Background:
The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and distribution of Porcine astrovirus (PAstV), Porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), Porcine torovirus (PToV), Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) and Porcine mastadenovirus (PAdV) as well as their association with widely recognized virus that cause diarrhoea in swine such as coronavirus (CoVs) and rotavirus (RVs) in diarrhoea outbreaks from Spanish swine farms. Furthermore, a selection of the viral strains was genetically characterized.
Results:
PAstV, PKoV, PToV, MRV and PAdV were frequently detected. Particularly, PAstV and PKoV were detected in almost 50% and 30% of the investigated farms, respectively, with an age-dependent distribution; PAstV was mainly detected in postweaning and fattening pigs, while PKoV was more frequent in sucking piglets. Viral co-infections were detected in almost half of the outbreaks, combining CoVs, RVs and the viruses studied, with a maximum of 5 different viral species reported in three investigated farms.
Using a next generation sequencing approach, we obtained a total of 24 ARN viral genomes (>90% genome sequence), characterizing for first time the full genome of circulating strains of PAstV2, PAstV4, PAstV5 and PToV on Spanish farms. Phylogenetic analyses showed that PAstV, PKoV and PToV from Spanish swine farms clustered together with isolates of the same viral species from neighboring pig producing countries.
Conclusions:
Although further studies to evaluate the role of these enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks are required, their wide distribution and frequent association in co-infections cannot be disregard. Hence, their inclusion into routine diagnostic panels for diarrhoea in swine should be considered.
Deformation prediction and experimental investigation on alternating additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing of 316L stainless steel thin-walled parts
Authors: He Yu , Wei Jiacheng , Peng Yusheng , Wang Fei , Wang Yang , Liu Junyan
Published: May 2023

The additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) technology has become a research hotspot in recent years. In order to realize high-precision manufacturing of complex parts and avoid machine interference, the alternating additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) are valuable to be adopted. In this paper, the finite element numerical model was developed to simulate the temperature, stress distribution and deformation of the alternating ASHM thin-walled parts after the AM process and the subsequent milling process. Then, 316L stainless steel thin-walled samples were built by alternating ASHM. In AM process, the molten pool temperature was measured by a colorimetric pyrometer. And the surface contour of the sample was adopted by a laser distance sensor after each AM and SM operation. The results show that higher tensile stress is exhibited at the top and bottom of the AM segments, and the residual stress level decreases after the subsequent milling due to stress relaxation. Moreover, the deformation of the two ends and the top of the AM segments is more significant than that of the bottom. After SM, the deformation of the top of the SM segments is still slightly more extensive than that of the bottom. The next AM segment has little effect on the deformation of the upper SM segment, but has a destructive impact on the interface between the SM and upper AM segment. The repeated cutting height between the SM and upper AM segment was studied. This study may offer valuable guidance for 316L thin-walled parts fabricated by alternating ASHM.
Mapping the flood hazard potential of small watercourses in a mountain river basin
Authors: Solín Ľubomír , Madajová Michala Sládeková , Michaleje Lukáš
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to present a methodological approach for the mapping of the flood hazard potential of small watercourses, based on their hydromorphogical attributes on the example of a mountain river basin in Slovakia. The flood hazard of a watercourse is understood more comprehensively and includes a set of watercourse attributes that are pressure indicators that affect the flood hazard. The proposed procedure consists of several steps: from the selection of watercourse variables influencing flood hazard potential through to the evaluation of the attributes of the variables in terms of their impact on flood hazards and the determination of the flood hazard index. The mapping divides the watercourse into reaches that differ by their level of flood hazard potential. This enables to identify those river reaches that are critical in terms of flood hazard and where management interventions are needed. The interpretation of the achieved results on the flood hazard of river reaches is carried out in the context of cadastral areas through which watercourses flow. It is considered to be particularly important and beneficial for local authorities.
Context modulates perceived fairness in altruistic punishment: Neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations
Authors: Yang Lei , Gao Yuan , Ao Lihong , Wang He , Liu Yingjie
Published: May 2023

Social norms and altruistic punitive behaviours are both based on the integration of information from multiple contexts. Individual behavioural performance can be altered by loss and gain contexts, which produce different mental states and subjective perceptions. In this study, we used event-related potential and time-frequency techniques to examine performance on a third-party punishment task and to explore the neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent differences in punishment decisions. The results indicated that individuals were more likely to reject unfairness in the context of loss (vs. gain) and to increase punishment as unfairness increased. In contrast, fairness appeared to cause an early increase in cognitive control signal enhancement, as indicated by the P2 amplitude and theta oscillations, and a later increase in emotional and motivational salience during decision-making in gain vs. loss contexts, as indicated by the medial frontal negativity and beta oscillations. In summary, individuals were more willing to sanction violations of social norms in the loss context than in the gain context and rejecting unfair losses induced more equity-related cognitive conflict than accepting unfair gains, highlighting the importance of context (i.e., gain vs. loss) in equity-related social decision-making processes.
Adult head and neck para-meningeal rhabdomyosarcoma: survival outcomes including salvage therapy
Authors: Tsuchihashi Kenji , Ito Mamoru , Arita Shuji , Kusaba Hitoshi , Kusano Wataru , Ueno Shohei , Taguchi Ryosuke , Yoshihiro Tomoyasu , Doi Yasuhiro , Ohmura Hirofumi , Kajitani Tatsuhiro , Nio Kenta , Nakano Michitaka , Oshima Kotoe , Tamura Shingo , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Shimokawa Hozumi , Uchino Keita , Hanamura Fumiyasu , Okumura Yuta , Komoda Masato , Isobe Taichi , Ariyama Hiroshi , Esaki Taito , Hashimoto Kazuki , Komune Noritaka , Matsuo Mioko , Matsumoto Keiji , Asai Kaori , Yoshitake Tadamasa , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Oda Yoshinao , Akashi Koichi , Baba Eishi
Published: May 2023

Rhabdomyosarcoma at para-meningeal regions of the head and neck has a poor prognosis in children. However, there is insufficient data on its outcomes in adults. We retrospectively examined total 10 patients with adult para-meningeal head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma treated at institutions belonging to the Kyushu Medical Oncology Group. Their characteristics were as follows: median age: 39 years (range 25–63 years), histology (alveolar/spindle): 9/1, and risk group (intermediate/high): 6/4. As a first-line therapy, VAC and ARST0431-based regimen was performed in 9 and 1 patients, respectively. During a first-line therapy, definitive radiation for all lesions were performed in five patients. The median progression-free survival was 11.4 months (95%CI: 5.2–25.8 months): 14.2 months (95%CI: 6.0 – not reached (NR)) for patients with stage I-III and 8.5 months (95%CI: 5.2–25.8 months) for patients with stage IV. Median overall-survival in all patients was 40.8 months (95%CI: 9.1 months–NR): 40.8 months (95%CI: 12.1 – NR) for patients with stage I-III and NR for patients with stage IV. Among seven patients who received salvage therapy, three are still alive, two of whom remain disease-free for over 3 years after completion of the last therapy. Although the prognosis of adult para-meningeal head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma is poor regarding to progression-free survival, some patients experience prolonged survival with salvage therapy.
Identification of Ectomycorrhizae in Dipterocarp Roots using DNA Metabarcoding in Tropical Urban Parks
Authors: Qiang Karl Png Jun , Choong Mei Fun Amy , Hu Donghui , Velautham Elango , Chae Eunyoung
Published: May 2023

Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) are important symbionts for multiple host plants. This study used morphology and DNA metabarcoding to identify ECM in Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant tree family of Southeast Asian forests. ECM fruiting bodies were first visually documented and identified across five urban parks in Singapore. Under host Dipterocarp Hopea odorata trees, 50 soil and root samples were collected. This was done together with another 50 root samples taken from ten species of host Dipterocarp seedlings at the Singapore Botanic Gardens’ Plant Resource Centre nursery. Eight genera of ECM were found in parks, one was identified to species level and three genera were only found from fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) using DNA metabarcoding. Although the nursery had more Dipterocarp species, only four genera of ECM were present. ECM communities differed slightly across host species, but not host genera. Tomentella spp. were the most common ECM found in parks and Dipterocarp seedlings.
Do cool shirts make a difference? The effects of upper body garments on health, fluid balance and performance during exercise in the heat
Authors: Engeroff Lena , Niederer Daniel , Vogt Lutz , Groneberg David , Engeroff Tobias
Published: May 2023

Objectives Due to climate change and major sport events in hot climate, temperature regulation during exercise is gaining relevance in professional and amateur sportsMethods 32 healthy participants (age 25 ± 4 years; 15 women) were assigned to one of three upper body garments (cotton-shirt, synthetic-fiber-shirt, cooling-vest with water-soaked inlays) and underwent a high intensity steady state ergometer exercise test (Temperature 30.5°C, frontal airflow 20km/h, relative air-humidity 43 ± 13%). Time to exhaustion, physiologic parameters (inner ear temperature, heart rate, relative oxygen uptake, body weight, garment weight) and subjective data (perceived exertion, thermal sensation, skin wettedness, clothing humidity, feeling scale) were assessed. Time to exhaustion was analyzed using a survival time analysis. Other outcomes were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis Tests and 95%-confidence-intervals.Results Time to exhaustion was not different between groups. Cooling-vests were heavier and led to lower inner ear temperature, lower thermal- and higher clothing-humidity-sensation at the start of exercise. Physiologic and subjective parameters showed no group differences at exercise termination.Conclusions In a realistic setting including frontal airflow, synthetic and cotton-fiber shirts reach comparable effects on health and thermoregulation and are perceived as equally comfortable. Although inducing a small pre-exercise cooling effect, a water-soaked garment induces a weight penalty and creates a less comfortable situation.
Early growth, development and allometry of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible Amaranthus palmeri in response to current and elevated temperature and CO2
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana de Souza , Shilling Donn , Tishchenko Viktor , Bowen Samantha , Deng Shiyugan , Hall Daniel , Grey Timothy
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the main factor(s) influencing Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) biotypes growth, development, and what parameters were affected. Seeds of two glyphosate resistant (GA2017 and GA2020) and one susceptible (GA2005) Palmer amaranth biotypes were collected in Georgia, US during those growing seasons. These seed were used to grow plants and then evaluate response to scenarios of normal and elevated CO2 (410± 25 ppm and 750± 25 ppm) and temperature (23/33o.C and 26/36o.C). CO2 was the main factor affecting Palmer amaranth growth and differences among biotypes were also observed. Plants grown under elevated CO2 showed increases in height (cm), leaf area (cm2), stem dry matter (g) and plant volume (m3) while among susceptible and resistant biotypes, GA2005 had greater number of leaves, height (cm) and plant volume (m3) compared to glyphosate-resistant biotypes. Shoot to root ratio of the biotypes was isomeric, despite the allometry observed at 14 and 28 days after transplant (DAT) with respect to shoot development. The data indicate that Palmer amaranth may perceive and adapt its above-ground development in response to changes in the surrounding environment. These findings have important implications for the management of this weed species under climate change scenarios, since it is estimated that CO2 levels and temperatures will continue to rise throughout the century.
STARCOP: Semantic Segmentation of Methane Plumes with Hyperspectral Machine Learning Models
Authors: Růžička Vít , Mateo-Garcia Gonzalo , Gómez-Chova Luis , Vaughan Anna , Guanter Luis , Markham Andrew
Published: May 2023

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributor to climate change; at the same time its reduction has been denoted as one of the fastest pathways to preventing temperature growth due to its short atmospheric lifetime. In particular, the mitigation of active point-sources associated to the fossil fuel industry has a strong and cost-effective mitigation potential. Detection of methane plumes in remote sensing data is possible, but the existing approaches exhibit high false positive rates and need manual intervention. Machine learning research in this area is limited due to the lack of large real-world annotated datasets. In this work, we are publicly releasing a machine learning ready dataset with manually refined annotation of methane plumes. We present labelled hyperspectral data from the AVIRIS-NG sensor and provide simulated multispectral WorldView-3 views of the same data to allow for model benchmarking across hyperspectral and multispectral sensors. We propose sensor agnostic machine learning architectures, using classical methane enhancement products as input features. Our HyperSTARCOP model outperforms strong matched filter baseline by over 25% in F1 score, while reducing its false positive rate per classified tile by over 41.83%. Additionally, we demonstrate zero-shot generalisation of our trained model on data from the EMIT hyperspectral instrument, despite the differences in the spectral and spatial resolution between the two sensors: in an annotated subset of EMIT images HyperSTARCOP achieves a 40% gain in F1 score over the baseline.
Influence of Rutin and its Combination with Metformin on Vascular Functions in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: David Sheba R , Ni Penny Lai Pei , Chellian Jestin , Chakravarthi Srikumar , Rajabalaya Rajan
Published: May 2023

The present work examined the effect of oral administration of rutin and its combination with metformin, an antidiabetic drug on blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides level and vascular function in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Rutin and metformin were orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, for 4 weeks. Plasma analysis was conducted to determine changes in the plasma glucose and lipid levels. Rat aortic ring reactivity in response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) relaxants, and to the α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) were recorded. Histology of pancreas, liver and kidney were evaluated. In results, rutin and metformin alone and in combination has led to significant deterioration in blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to diabetic and normal control. Diabetic aortic rings showed significantly greater contraction in response to PE, and less relaxation in response to ACh and SNP. Treatment with rutin and metformin in combination significantly reduced PE-induced contraction and increased ACh-induced and SNP-induced relaxation in diabetes when compared to rutin or metformin alone. Better histological improvements were recorded with combination treatment. In conclusion, rutin and metformin combination therapy has the most potentiality for restoring blood glucose and lipid level as well as vascular function.