bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesejahteraan psikologis pada remaja dengan orangtua bercerai: Dapatkah ditingkatkan dengan pelatihan memaafkan?
Authors: Widiastuti Netty , Soeharto Triana Noor Edwina Dewayani , Purnamasari Santi Esterlita
Published: April 2024

Divorce has many negative impacts on teenagers, such as low psychological well-being caused by negative emotions that arise as a result of parents' divorce. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of forgiveness training to improve psychological well-being in adolescents with divorced parents. This study uses the quasi-experimental design Pretest-Posttest Control Group with Follow-up Design. The study subjects were 12 adolescents with divorced parents, consisting of 4 males and 8 females, with a male psychological well-being score in the medium-low category. Subjects were divided into 2 groups randomly, consisting of 6 subjects in the experimental group and 6 subjects in the control group. The experimental group was given intervention in the form of forgiveness training for 3 meetings and the control group was given a video on the power of forgiveness after the research was complete. Data collection was carried out using the Psychological Well-being Scale (α – 0,919) and the Forgiveness Scale (α = 0,886). The data analysis method used is the Independent Sample T-test and Paired Sample T-test. Based on these results, it can be interpreted that training to forgive can improve the psychological well-being of adolescents with divorced parents.
Dampak rasa syukur pada keterlibatan kerja sukarelawan: Peran mediasi modal psikologis
Authors: Murniasih Farhanah , Cebba Abdul Hamid
Published: April 2024

This research is crucial to comprehend and enhance volunteer work engagement in non-profit organizations, emphasizing the mediating role of psychological capital to guide organizations in building and sustaining volunteer contributions by understanding the mechanisms through which gratitude influences work engagement. This study aims to determine the role of psychological capital on gratitude and work engagement in volunteers. The research design used quantitative methods with purposive sampling with 250 respondents, dominated by female respondents with an average age of 18-21 years. Data collection used three questionnaires: 24 items Psychological Capital Questionnaire scale (PCQ), 17 items Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and 11 items Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6). The validity uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with Lisrel 8.7 and the hypothesis is tested by regression analysis with mediators using PROCESS by Hayes in SPSS Ver. 26. The results showed psychological capital (optimism, hope, self-efficacy, resilience) significantly mediates gratitude and work engagement relationships in volunteers.
Kepemimpinan transformasional dalam pembentukan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Polisi: Kepuasan kerja sebagai mediator
Authors: Fatuhrahmah Ufi , Ardian Muhammad Eka Deny , Husada Muhammad Rizky
Published: April 2024

Previous research emphasizes the importance of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in public institutions, including the police. However, there is limited literature that examines how OCB subtypes are formed. Considering the centrality of the leader figure in the police, this research investigates the role of transformational leadership in the formation of OCB through attitudinal mechanisms, namely job satisfaction. The quantitative research involved 251 participants, chosen via cluster sampling from a single Resort/Departmental Police Force in Indonesia. This participant willingly completed three main scales: the OCB scale, the job satisfaction scale, and the transformational leadership scale. Data processing used mediation analysis with JASP software JASP 0.17.3 (Intel). The results align with previous findings, which stated a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and OCB, which was mediated by job satisfaction. Furthermore, this research shows that only the OCB-Individual (OCBI) subtype (courtesy and altruism) is related to transformational leadership through the mediation of job satisfaction. Discussions and implications are outlined in detail, both for police institutions and future researchers
Improving Researchers’ Capacity to Address Injustice: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Turner Erica O. , Baker Dominique J. , Jabbar Huriya
Published: April 2024

Many education policy researchers have turned to critical policy analysis as a means to better understand and examine injustices in education and beyond. However, such work is still uncommon in educational journals. In this introduction, we describe the purposes of this special issue and offer readers a framework for understanding critical approaches to education policy research, its general tenets, and how it differs from other kinds of policy research. We then outline the contributions of the articles in this special issue. We highlight analytic moves that researchers of all kinds can make based on the critical education policy research tenets we discuss. The introduction concludes with suggestions for where we hope the field will go next.
A Novel Numerical Method for Solving Unknown Statistical Quantities in Multivariate Regression Models
Authors: Dardick William R. , Harring Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2024

Simulation studies are the basic tools of quantitative methodologists used to obtain empirical solutions to statistical problems that may be impossible to derive through direct mathematical computations. The successful execution of many simulation studies relies on the accurate generation of correlated multivariate data that adhere to a particular model with known parameter values. In this article, we use a kernel inspired by path tracing rules to algebraically solve unknown causal effects in the context of a multivariate general linear model. The algebraic solution is the basis of the mathematical extension, which integrates a model solver. Examples are used to illustrate a range of applications, where information regarding parameter values and predictor correlations can be partially specified. Code for examples is provided.
العلاقة بين الصادرات والنمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة 2003-2016
Authors: الهادي رشيد علي , قاسم شندي اديب
Published: April 2024

واجه الاقتصاد العراقي صدمات وازمات عديدة على مدى اكثر من ثلاثة عقود وهي نتاج الاقتصاد السياسي للحرب والعقوبات الاقتصادية. بالرغم من امتلاكه للموارد المادية إلا أنه لم يكن لديه القدرة على مواجهة هذه الصدمات والازمات ,مما جعله يتعايش اليوم بين مفارقتين اقتصاديتين . اولهما: ولادة نمط تجاري استهلاكي لتلبية متطلبات الحروب والعقوبات عبر سلسلة من الوسطاء التجاريين , والثانية : ولادة نمط استهلاكي يختلط فيه الخير بالدم بتدهور الكفاية الانتاجية , وضياع التنمية الاقتصادية. أن الهيكل السلعي للتجارة الخارجية يعكس الواقع المتخلف لهيكل الانتاج السلعي، فما زالت الصادرات النفطية تشكل اكثر من 95% من اجمالي .
يهدف البحث تحليل واقع متغيرات الصادرات والنمو في الاقتصاد  العراقي ,وقياسها ،  وقد اظهرت النتائج أن تحديد العلاقة قصيرة الاجل وطويلة الاجل بين النمو الاقتصادي وصافي الصادرات من خلال نموذج تصحيح الخطأ الموزع ARDL أن معامل تصحيح الخطأ[coinEq(-1)] سالب ومعنوي احصائياً بلغت قيمته (1.150682-) ممّا يعني وجود علاقة اجل طويل بين النمو الاقتصادي والصادرات بينما في الاجل القصير كانت العلاقة ضعيفة جداً
دور ميرزا إبراهيم خان كلانتر في الصراع بين لطفعلي خان الزند وآغا محمد خان قاجار 1789-1794.
Authors: صاحب عيدان البدراوي هادي , مظلوم فرحان البديري خضير
Published: April 2024

يعد ميرزا ابراهيم خان كلانتر من الشخصيات الهامة في تاريخ ايران المعاصر والذي ادى دوراً هاماً في الصراع على السلطة بين الزنديين بقيادة لطفعلي خان الزند والقاجاريين بقيادة آغا محمد خان قاجار ,ونجاحه في نقل السلطة في نهاية المطاف من السلالة الزندية الى السلالة القاجارية , وعلى الرغم من ذلك الدور الهام الذي لعبه ذلك الرجل في تلك الاحداث فلم يكتب بحث مفصل عن الحاج ميرزا ابراهيم خان كلانتر ودوره في الصراع على السلطة بين لطفعلي خان الزند وآغا محمد خان قاجار  1789-1794,ولذلك ارتأينا اختيار هذا الموضوع عنواناً لبحثنا هذا لتبيان ذلك الدور الذي اداه ذلك الرجل في ذلك الصراع على السلطة في ايران.
اعتمد الباحث  في تزويد بحثه بالمعلومات الهامة عن احداث البحث على مجموعة كبيرة من الكتب الفارسية يأتي في مقدمتها مؤلف سياوش دانش الموسوم:" حاج إبراهيم خان كلانتر(اعتماد الدوله) " الذي افاد الباحث في الحصول على معلومات قيمة عن الدور الذي اداه الحاج ميرزا ابراهيم خان كلانتر في الصراع بين الخانين الزندي والقاجاري افتقرت اليها غيرها من المصادر الاخرى  ,فضلاً عن كتاب زين العابدين گوهمره أي ملقب بـ(امير)الموسوم: " رساله تدابير شاه ووزير در احوالات آقا محمد خان قاجار ووزير او حاجي إبراهيم كلانتر اعتماد الدوله " الذي يعد من الكتب الهامة في هذا المجال لا سيما وان مؤلفه كان قد عاصر احداث البحث وكان شاهد عيان لها ,إذ تضمن الكتاب معلومات غاية في الدقة غاب ذكرها في المصادر الاخرى ,فضلا عن عدد من الرسائل والاطاريح وباللغة الفارسية ناهيك عن عدد آخر من الكتب الانكليزية والمجلات العلمية ومن الله التوفيق.
تأثير برنامج تعليمي في نقل أثر التعلم العامودي لبعض المهارات بكرة الطائرة
Authors: جاسم محمد حسن علي , شهاب أحمد محمد
Published: April 2024

إن من أهم شروط نجاح التقدم في الأداء المهاري للحركات والمهارات الرياضية أن تكون مبنية على أسس علمية صحيحة,كما أن استخدام مبدأ نقل اثر التعلم بين المهارات المراد تعلمها يعمل على الاقتصاد بالجهد والوقت والمال في عملية تعلم المهارات وضمان أداء المهاري بالكرة الطائرة بشكل متقن وصحيح , وتمثلت المشكلة في وجود ضعف في تعلم المهارات الأساسية في الكرة الطائرة وهذه المشكلة يعاني منها الكثير من المدربين والمدرسين مما يتطلب منهم بذل الجهد والوقت في تعلم هذه المهارات وأيضا استخدام الأساليب القديمة والغير مدروسة الأمر الذي أدى نتائج متباينة في التعلم من اقتصاد بالجهد وجودة بالأداء , وهدفت الدراسة إلى إعداد برنامج تعليمي ومعرفة مدى تأثيره في نقل اثر التعلم العمودي لبعض مهارات الكرة الطائرة, وافترض الباحث وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية لنقل اثر التعلم العمودي لبعض مهارات بالكرة الطائرة للمجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة, واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي لملائمته وطبيعة البحث, وتكونت عينة البحث من (18)طالب في كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة/جامعة واسط للعام الدراسي 2017/2018 وقد قسمت العينة عشوائياً إلى مجموعتين احتوت كل مجموعة على (9) طلاب ,وقد تم تطبيق البرنامج التعليمي على المجموعة التجريبية أما المجموعة الضابطة تتعلم بواسطة المنهج التقليدي المتبع في الكلية التربية البدنية/ جامعة واسط وقد استمر تطبيق البرنامج التعليمي لمدة (8) أسابيع بواقع وحدتان تعليميتان في الأسبوع وبعد الانتهاء من تنفيذ البرنامج التعليمي تم إجراء الاختبارات البعدية لعينة البحث ,وباستخدام بعض قوانين الحقيبة الإحصائية  (SPSS ) توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات مهمة منها مساهمة البرنامج التعليمي بشكل أفضل في نقل أثره التعلم العمودي لبعض المهارات مقارنة مع الأسلوب المتبع,وقد
Predicting Harmful Attitudes and Beliefs Among Incels (Involuntary Celibates): How Potent is the Black-Pill?
Authors: Costello William , Whittaker Joe , Thomas Andrew G.
Published: April 2024

Incels are a subculture community of men who form their identity around a perceived inability to form sexual or romantic relationships. The community operates almost exclusively online, providing an outlet for misogynistic hostility. There are growing concerns about violence from incels, who have been highlighted as an (inter)national security threat. In response to these concerns, this study stands as the most extensive primary investigation of incel harmful attitudes and beliefs to date (n = 561). Consistent with previous research, we find ethnic and political diversity, poor mental-health, high levels of suicidality and neurodiversity in this group of men. Incels showed ideological consistency, and a substantial proportion felt that violence was ‘Sometimes’ (20%) or ‘Often’ (5%) justified against those who sought to harm them. Pathway analysis predicting harmful attitudes and beliefs (e.g., displaced aggression, hostile sexism, and justification of violence) indicates that mental-health and ideological adherence have twice the predictive power compared to networking, and a bidirectional effect. Indirect pathways to these harmful attitudes and beliefs are identified, involving the dark triad, right-wing political orientation, autism, mate-value, and a history of bullying and abuse. These results suggest that interventions focusing on mental health and ideology may be more effective than those targeting networking. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. As issues of extremism, online radicalization, and mental health grow in importance, these insights become vital for policymakers, educators, journalists, and anyone concerned with the problems incels face and represent in society.
The role of CD4+ T cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Sacharczuk Mariusz , Mickael Michel Edwar , Kamińska Agnieszka , Horbańczuk Jarosław Olav , Atanasov Atanas , religa piotr , Ławiński Michał
Published: April 2024

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a fatal enigmatic disease with a low prevalence, a survival period of 2-4years, and no cure. There have been various theories and hypotheses trying to discern the etiology of thedisease. However, there has not been a breakthrough. Recently, the clinical role of the adaptive system,particularly CD4+ T cells, in ALS disease has come under scrutiny. CD4+ T cells are a well-studiedgroup of immune cells that vary greatly depending on the subpopulation phenotype that underlies theirfunction. In this review, we cover the recent update on the role of CD4+ T cells in the origin and progressof ALS, and we show that understanding the Th17/Treg axis could prove very important to challengingthis disease. In particular, we update the SWITCH model, which suggests that the initial phase of thedisease progression is mediated by Treg, whereas the later phase is mediated by Th17. We propose thatALS represents complex stages of interaction between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells. Thisrelationship is mediated by the difference in the ability of infiltration of the BBB as well as the brainregion infiltrated and the time of infiltration.
Vaccine-Induced Viral Reactivation and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review, Hypothesis and Implications.
Authors: Cormier Matthew
Published: April 2024

Understanding the origins of autism spectrum disorder is imperative given its increasing prevalence and significant global impact. This review examines existing research on the role of viral infections in the etiology of autism and scrutinizes emerging data on post-vaccination viral reactivation. We introduce a novel hypothesis, that vaccines may inadvertently reactivate latent viral infections, triggering the onset or exacerbation of autism. Through a comprehensive literature review across multiple databases and search engines, this review analyzed studies, case reports, and observational research focusing on viral infections, post-vaccination viral reactivation, and autism. This search yielded 13 studies implicating viral infections and viral encephalitis as potential causal factors in the development of autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, 16 studies were identified suggesting an association of viral reactivation following vaccination. This connection raises important questions about the potential role of vaccines in the onset of autism. The findings advocate for continued vigilance in vaccine safety research, particularly concerning neurodevelopmental disorders.
Enhancing Vaccine Development Through SVM-Based Epitope Prediction
Authors: Tripathi Shubhay , Garg Manan , Gandotra Ronit , Vidhu Navya P. , Mahajan Prajwal , Chawla Raghav , Verma Srishti , Agarwal Pranay , Rawal Kamal
Published: April 2024

The primary role of our immune system is to discover and identify foreign contaminants . This process involves the interaction of various components, including the immunogen (foreign entity), the humoral immune system (producing antibodies), and the cellular immune system (generating sensitized lymphocytes). Immunogens have surface structures called epitopes, which allow the immune system to distinguish between self and foreign entities. Macrophages, specific immune cells, recognize epitopes and create short peptides called immunodominant peptides (IDPs). These IDPs bind to MHC proteins on the macrophage surface and are presented to T cells, initiating an immune response cascade to eliminate the immunogen. For the development of vaccines, accurate prediction is very crucial . A new approach, the bio support vector machine, integrates a bio-basis function into traditional support vector machines to directly analyze protein sequences without the need for feature extraction. This method achieved a prediction accuracy of 90.31% in 10-fold cross-validation, outperforming previous algorithms, including support vector machines, which achieved 87.86% accuracy.
Use-wear analysis of allochthonous lithic industry of S.U. 14 at the Ciota Ciara site, Borgosesia (Italy) the toolkits in the subsistence strategies of mobile groups of hunter-gatherers of the Middle Paleolithic
Authors: Fuselli Paola , Berruti Gabriele Luigi Francesco , Arzarello Marta
Published: April 2024

The study of the functional analysis of allochthonous lithic industry from S.U. 14 of the Ciota Ciara cave - rhyolite and radiolarite - aims to understand the mechanisms of interaction between human activities and the ecological and environmental context. The study of use-wear traces on allochthonous raw materials from S.U. 14 complements that already carried out on local raw materials - quartz - to identify or exclude preferential strategies in the exploitation and management of raw materials.The results obtained confirm a pattern of seasonal occupation of the Ciota Ciara cave with complementary management of lithic resources, the same activities have been identified for both local and allochthonous raw materials, namely the processing of animal carcasses and the exploitation of plant resources.The study of functional analysis also contributes to identifying mobile toolkits and defining specialized uses or preferred patterns of use for these small and good-quality raw objects.
Gender Identity
Authors: Wei August Xinyi , Skolnik Avy , Mulkern Patrick , Price Maggi
Published: April 2024

Gender identity refers to a person’s understanding of their own gender. It can also refer to the labels or terms one uses in describing their gender (e.g., woman, man, nonbinary, etc.). When discussing gender identity, it is also important to define “gender.” While gender is often thought to be a simple matter of “male” or “female,” gender is multifaceted and encompasses several interrelated factors like gender expression, assigned sex, gender socialization, and gender identity. Someone’s experience of gender may or may not align with their assigned sex. Because gender identity is personal, there may be as many gender identities as there are people. This article discusses gender identity as it relates to, and differs from, other gender-related factors. First, examples of gender identities are provided. Next, the relationships between gender identity, assigned sex, gender socialization, gender expression, and sexual orientation are reviewed. Then, the article outlines the different types of transphobia (e.g., interpersonal, structural, internalized). The article concludes with a discussion on cisgender privilege.
Beauty and Professional Success: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bortnikova Kseniya , Havranek Tomas , Irsova Zuzana
Published: April 2024

Common wisdom suggests that beauty helps in the labor market. We show that two factors combine to explain away the mean beauty premium reported in the literature. First, correcting for publication bias reduces the premium by at least a third. Second, controlling for cognitive ability negates the premium for all occupations except sex workers, a point further underscored by the similarity of the beauty effect on earnings and productivity. The second factor implies a positive link, perhaps genetic, between beauty and intelligence. We find little evidence of substantial attenuation bias that could offset publication and omitted-variable biases. The empirical literature is inconsistent with discrimination based solely on tastes for beauty. To obtain these results we collect 1,159 estimates of the effect of beauty on earnings or productivity reported in 67 studies and codify 33 aspects that reflect estimation context, including the potential intensity of attenuation bias. We employ recently developed techniques to account for publication bias and model uncertainty.
Strategic reminder setting for time-based intentions: Influence of metacognition, delay length, and cue visibility
Authors: TSAI PEI-CHUN , Gilbert Sam
Published: April 2024

Time-based intentions, such as remembering to make a telephone call at a particular time or removing food from the oven after a delay, can be highly cognitively demanding. In everyday life, people often offload these demands to the external environment by setting alerts and reminders, however this process of time-based intention offloading has rarely been examined experimentally. Here, we investigated this process in a paradigm where participants had to remember to press a key after a 10, 20, or 30 second delay, while simultaneously engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. Use of reminders improved accuracy, and participants were more likely to offload intentions at longer delays. This process was driven at least partially by metacognitive beliefs about the need for reminders, rather than the actual need. There was also an influence of time-monitoring demands: offloading was reduced when a clock was always visible, compared with a condition where participants had to press a button to reveal it. These results show that principles of cognitive offloading established in other domains also apply to time-based prospective memory: it improves performance, is influenced by cognitive demand, and guided by metacognitive beliefs.
Measuring learning and attention to irrelevant distractors in contextual cueing
Authors: Vadillo Miguel A. , Hernández-Gutiérrez David , Aivar M Pilar
Published: April 2024

Visual search usually improves with repeated exposure to a search display. Previous research suggests that such “contextual cueing” effect may be supported even by aspects of the search display that participants have been explicitly asked to ignore. Based on this evidence, it has been suggested that the development of contextual cueing over trials does not depend on selective attention. In the present series of experiments, we show that the most common strategy used to prevent participants from paying attention to the task-irrelevant distractors often results in suboptimal selection. Specifically, we show that visual search is slower when search displays include many irrelevant distractors. Eye-tracking data shows that this happens, at least in part, because participants fixate on them. These results cast doubts on previous demonstrations that contextual cueing is independent from selective attention.
Stability and Change of Spirituality following Childbirth: Longitudinal Evidence from Data of the Swiss Household Panel Using Multiple Propensity Score Matching Analyses
Authors: Trutzenberg Friedemann , Eid Michael
Published: April 2024

The birth of a child typically transcends parents’ daily lives and is frequently described as spiritual experience in qualitative interview studies. Yet, little is known on medium- or long-term effects of becoming parents on individuals’ spirituality. Often defined as “search for the sacred” (Pargament, 1999, p. 12), spirituality is commonly conceptualised more broadly than religiosity. Its lifespan development and reactivity to life events are not yet systematically understood and existing evidence often does not allow for causal conclusions. Addressing this research gap, our study seeks to provide precise, robust and causal insights on spiritual stability and change following childbirth.We compared Swiss Household Panel (SHP) participants who had become parents for the first time between 2015 and 2018 to propensity score matched childless and multiparous parent controls using longitudinal pre- and post-birth spirituality data. Across multiple robustness conditions regarding covariate selection, manifest and structural equation modelling analyses suggested a large average medium-term stability in spirituality (r ≥ .87; ≥. 95) and no spiritual change following childbirth in the N = 138 first-time parents compared to the matched controls.Given this extreme average stability, future research should focus on differential trajectories rather than average effects when studying how spirituality evolves.
Co-producing an ecological momentary assessment measurement burst mental health study with young people: the MHIM co-production protocol
Authors: Power Luke , Murray Aja Louise , Hoxha Dejla , Xie Tong , Bartlett Thomas
Published: April 2024

We present a protocol for co-production, co-developed with young people that describes the planned approach to involving young people in the Mental Health in the Moment (MHIM), across its lifecycle. MHIM will use an accelerated longitudinal cohort design that will combine ecological momentary assessment, sleep measurement, bio-sampling, and online questionnaires to examine the reciprocal links between daily life experiences and mental health development from age 11-19. The protocol describes how young people will be involved in MHIM (which aspects and stages and how and what the study will offer to them as benefits) and how the impact of their involvement will be evaluated. It combines the latest guidance on best practices for involving young people with young people’s views. As one of the first protocols of its kind, our co-production protocol informed by the literature and consultations with young people can provide a template for planning and reporting co-production in mental health studies of adolescence.
A systematic review of pre-pandemic resilience factors and mental health outcomes in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wiedemann Anna , Gupta Radhika , Okey Catherine , Galante Julieta , Jones Peter B.
Published: April 2024

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood are sensitive developmental periods to environmental influences. Investigating pre-emptive measures against stressors, such as those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, on mental health and wellbeing is crucial. We aimed to synthesise evidence on pre-pandemic resilience factors shaping youth mental health outcomes during this period. Methods: For this pre-registered systematic review, we searched seven databases for longitudinal studies of youth populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing a-priori defined resilience factors at the individual, family, or community level before the pandemic. Studies required validated mental health or wellbeing measures collected both before and during the pandemic. Study quality was assessed using the corresponding NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Results: From 3099 unique records, 23 studies across 11 countries were included, using 39 distinct resilience measures. Factors at the individual level were explored in 13 studies, community-related in 11, and family factors in eight. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, we applied a narrative synthesis approach, finding that resilience factors were generally associated with better mental health outcomes both prior to and during the pandemic. However, most factors did not mitigating pandemic-related mental health effects. Nonetheless, family-level resilience factors emerged as promising under specific conditions. Study quality was generally fair, with concerns in resilience assessment and sampling quality. Conclusion: Family-level resilience factors may positively impact pandemic mental health outcomes. Future research should prioritise rigorous study designs and comprehensive resilience assessments to enhance our understanding of resilience in pandemic settings and beyond.
Action planning renders objects in working memory more attentionally salient
Authors: Trentin Caterina , Olivers Christian Nicolas Leon , Slagter Heleen A
Published: April 2024

A rapidly growing body of work suggests that visual working memory (VWM) is fundamentally action-oriented. Consistent with this, we recently showed that attention is more strongly biased by VWM representations of objects when we plan to act on those objects in the future. Using electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking, here we investigated neurophysiological correlates of the interactions between VWM and action. Participants (n=36) memorized a shape for a subsequent VWM test. At test, a probe was presented along with a secondary object. In the action condition, participants gripped the actual probe if it matched the memorized shape, while in the control condition, they gripped the secondary object. Crucially, during the VWM delay, participants engaged in a visual selection task, in which they located a target as fast as possible. The memorized shape could either encircle the target (congruent trials) or a distractor (incongruent trials). Replicating previous findings, we found that eye gaze was biased towards the VWM-matching shape, and importantly, more so when the shape was directly associated with an action plan. Moreover, the ERP results revealed that during the selection task, future action-relevant VWM-matching shapes elicited (1) a stronger Ppc, signaling greater attentional saliency, (2) an earlier PD component, suggesting faster suppression, (3) and a larger inverse (i.e., positive) SPCN in incongruent trials, consistent with stronger suppression of action-associated distractors, and (4) an enhanced response-locked positivity over left motor regions, possibly indicating enhanced inhibition of the response associated with the memorized item during the interim task. Overall, these results suggest that action planning renders objects in VWM more attentionally salient, supporting the notion of selection-for-action in working memory.
Editorial Vol.6(1)
Authors: Mishra Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2024

Not Available
The Dialectics of Class struggle in Marqueze’s ‘One of These Days’ and The Biblical Parable ‘Ahab and Naboth’
Authors: Neupane Dipesh
Published: April 2024

This paper attempts to explore the class conflict and the struggle implicitly or explicitly inherent in “One of These Days” and “Ahab and Naboth” applying the conceptual frameworks of Conflict theory based on Marxism. Conflict theory views social and economic institutions as tools of the struggle between groups or classes, used to maintain inequality and the dominance of the ruling class. The dialectics of class struggle is inevitable in most of the societies. The ruling class or the oppressors exploit their subjects or even do not lag behind to take their life in order to serve or suit their interest and desires. The victimized cannot react immediately due to the fear engendered by the pomp of power and money of the higher class. Rather, they either face the terrible fate or become submissive unwillingly. When the interests and the desires of the higher or the ruling class center upon the exploitation and the oppression of the lower class for their happiness,  there appears the conflict between them resulting into the class struggle. This paper explores how the ruling class   having the feudal ideology oppresses and exploits the innocent people misusing their power. The paper seeks to answer the prominent question : why and how do the upper and the ruling class oppress and suppress the lower class or the common people?  The pomp of power and money corrupts man as it instigates man to render atrocities towards common people. Being scared, the subordinate people cannot raise their voices and launch their protest for justice. Instead, they attempt to suppress their voices due to their apprehension.
Assessment of Nepal’s Foreign Policy and Diplomacy towards China and India
Authors: Budhathoki Hemanta
Published: April 2024

The present foreign policies of Nepal are based on the Charter of the United Nations, non-alignment, principles of Panchasheel (peaceful co-existence, mutual respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence; non–aggression; non–interference in each other’s internal affairs and Equality and mutual benefit), international law and the norms of world peace, taking into consideration of the overall interest of the nation while remaining active in safeguarding the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and  national interest. The foreign policy of Nepal has been changing over the years. After unofficial blockade of immediate neighbor India, the challenges and opportunities are seen in the sky of Nepalese foreign policy. The major emerging challenges of Nepalese foreign policy are to balance the foreign policy with India and China continuation of independent foreign policy, recognize and prioritize the national interest, modernization of foreign policy, political consensus, national unity, political consensus, and good leadership, successful conduction of economic diplomacy, etc. Diplomacy is one of the powerful means or instruments of achieving the goals of foreign policy.  The goals of foreign policy are guided by the national interests of concerned states. Diplomats are the actors who plays role according to the foreign policy of the concern state. Diplomats have to perform different functions and discharge different duties with their different roles and capacities. In other words, it is the task for the diplomat to act in different capacities and to play different a role because diplomacy itself is a serious business which requires different capacities and role by the diplomats. The major responsibility of diplomat is the promotion and protection of the national interests of Nepal. Therefore, the proficient diplomat should require making diplomacy effective.
Analyzing the Evolution of Nepal's Tourism in 2022: Insights and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sharma Laxmi Kanta , Paudel Vishal
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses into Nepal's internal aviation and tourism industries, underlining the essentiality of strategic planning. It investigates how Nepal's tourism sector has adapted to the global repercussions of COVID-19 and identifies successful strategies to increase tourism revenue following the pandemic. Through the application of both descriptive and inferential statistics, this research analyses data and visually conveys its conclusions. It emphasizes the importance of tailor-made marketing and promotional approaches designed for particular market segments and to exploit local strengths. The document evaluates recovery tactics post-COVID-19, the role of domestic tourism, and the need for upgrades in infrastructure and policies to foster the sustainable development of tourism in Nepal. The necessity for a cohesive approach among federal, provincial, and local governments to facilitate the proper allocation of resources and the execution of tourism initiatives is strongly advocated. The expansion of tourism-related infrastructure, including hotels with high star ratings and improved transport systems, is highlighted as a fundamental factor in supporting the surge of tourists to Nepal. The paper postulates that reinforcing economic development through policies favorable to the tourism industry will have a beneficial impact on international tourism. It urges a policy shift towards the improvement of tourism infrastructure and the adoption of technological innovations in its management.
Interconnectedness between Vedanta & Poetry of T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats’ Poetry
Authors: Yadav Rajesh Prasad
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the impact of Eastern philosophy on the writings of both T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats. The research demonstrates interconnectedness between the Vedic philosophy and the western writers particularly the thoughts pervasive in the writings of Eliot and Yeats. Eliot engaged deeply with Eastern philosophy in ways which significantly influenced his worldview and his poetry. Eliot’s PhD thesis was on the idealist metaphysics of F.H. Bradley, which he found appealing due to its affinities with Indian philosophical sensibilities. Eliot was influenced by both Hinduism and Buddhism, and especially by the Bhagavad Gītā, which he described as one of the greatest philosophical poems, and by the Mādhyamika or Middle Way Buddhist philosophy of Nāgārjuna. The references to Indian literature are particularly prominent in The Waste Land, several section titles of which they reference Indian imagery. For instance, ‘The Fire Sermon’ references the sermon of the same name delivered by the Buddha; ‘Death by Water’ engages with Indra’s slaying of Vṛtra to release the waters in the Rig Veda; ‘What the Thunder said’ references the eponymous episode from the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upanishad.
Significance Analysis of Poverty, Gender and Human Development in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Shanta , Adhikari Keshab Prasad
Published: April 2024

This article examines in the areas of poverty, gender and human development in Nepal focusing on caste/ethnicity together with regional, rural, and urban disparities. It employs explanatory and analytical methods using secondary data, including peer reviewed papers. Human Development Reports, initiated by Amartya Sen and Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, have been regularly published by the UNDP, featuring the gender and human development  for various countries. Nepal has been publishing its Human Development Report (HDR) since 1998.The level of human development is measured by HDI  which is found increasing from 0.380 in 1990 to 0.602 in 2022, i.e., 58.42% improvement. Significant progress has been established in the area of  human development and gender but significant inequalities still continued among different castes, ethnicities, and regions in the areas of gender and  human development. Both urban and rural service centers face challenges like inadequate access to safe drinking water, and child malnutrition, particularly in the far western part of Nepal, highlights the urgency for continued efforts in gender and human development.
Idealistic Modification of the Materialistic Veda
Authors: Khatri Tilak Bahadur
Published: April 2024

This article explores the origin and the later developments of the Veda. The objective is to examine the materialist philosophical content of the early Vedas and contrast it with the idealistic readings of the text from later eras. This article discusses the research issues surrounding the historical roots of the Vedic literature and the idealistic changes made to it in later times. The study has used historical materialism as a methodological tool and examined several Vedic verses, relating them to the socioeconomic conditions of the period in which they were composed. The article has analyzed the roots of some terminologies frequently used in the text and their connections to the philosophy of the Veda.  The terms bhagavan, rita, Dānam, Havana, Brahman, yajña and name of some gods are frequently used in the Veda and their meanings are analyzed in a particular historical contexts. The article reveals that the Vedic verses are the simple creations of Vedic Aryans and they are associated with the everyday desires of the Vedic people, such as those for food, cattle, rain, safety, prosperity, health, and progeny. The early creation of the Vedic verses are this-worldly and materialistic in content and they are in no way otherworldly and spiritualistic. The meaning of most of the terminologies found in the text has materialistic origin and in course of time, their meanings are converted into opposite. The philosophy of the Veda has its root in the collective mode of production and with the introduction of private property and classes, the text is made an ideological tool of the minority of governing classes. The Veda's original materialistic meaning is altered, and the book is transformed into a spiritual guidebook—an ideological weapon used by the ruling classes to deceive and repress the vast majority of laboring people.
A Study of Geodesic Equation From Variational Principle
Authors: Shah Yogendra Prasad
Published: April 2024

This paper employs variational principle in studying geodesic. In mathematical studies, a variational principle enables a problem to be solved employing calculus of variations that concerns seeking functions that increase the values of quantities that rely on those functions. For instance, the problem of ascertaining the shape of a hanging chain suspended at both ends can be solved using variational calculus. Hence, the variational principle is a function that lessens the gravitational potential energy of the chain. Geodesicis a procedure used in mathematics, specifically in Riemannian geometry that results in obtaining geodesics. Actually, these represent the paths of particles with no proper acceleration, their motion pleasing the geodesic equations. As the particles are subject to no appropriate acceleration, the geodesics generally signify the straightest path between two points in a bent spacetime. The article has investigated into the relation between the variation principle and geodesic equations that are particularly used in general relativity in physics as well.
राजनीतिमा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको उद्भव {Emergence of scientific socialist thought in politics}
Authors: मैनाली Mainali गोविन्द प्रसाद Govinda Prasad
Published: April 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा माक्सवाद र माक्सवादी दर्शनको तीन सङ्गठक सिद्धान्त द्वन्द्वात्मक ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद, अतिरिक्त मूल्यको सिद्धान्त र सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्वको सिद्धान्तको बारेमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको उद्भवको अध्ययन गर्दा माक्सवाद, द्वन्द्वात्मक ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद, अतिरिक्त मूल्यको सिद्धान्त र सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्वको सिद्धान्तलाई प्रमुख आधार मानिएको छ । माक्स र एंगेल्सले सन् १८४८ मा कम्युनिस्ट लिगका लागि कम्युनिस्ट घोषणापत्र लेखेपछि विश्व राजनीतिमा विधिवत रूपमा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको उद्भव भएको थियो । वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तन नै माक्सवादी दर्शन हो र माक्सवादी दर्शन नै वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तन हो । अध्ययन विधि आगनात्मक विधि हो । विश्व राजनीतिमा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको उद्भव कसरी भयो भनी अध्ययन गर्नु नै यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । विश्व राजनीतिमा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको उद्भव कसरी भयो भन्ने कुरालाई यहाँ स्पष्ट गरिएको छ ।
‘शिवपञ्चाशिका’ कवितामा ब्रह्मचिन्तन {Brahmaconsciousness in the poem 'Shivapanchashika'}
Authors: सापकोटा Sapkota दामोदर Damodar
Published: April 2024

प्रस्तुत आलेखमा लेखनाथ पौड्यालद्वारा रचित ‘शिवपञ्चाशिका’ कविताको दर्शनपरक अध्ययन गरिएको छ । पूर्वीय दर्शनअन्तर्गत आदिशङ्कराचार्यद्वारा प्रतिपादित अद्वैतवेदान्त दर्शनको ब्रह्मसम्बन्धी मान्यतालाई विश्लेषणको आधार बनाइएको छ । यो अध्ययन ‘शिवपञ्चाशिका’ कवितामा अभिव्यञ्जित ब्रह्मचिन्तनमा आधारित छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि ‘शिवपञ्चाशिका’ कवितामा ब्रह्मका निर्गुण र सगुण स्वरूपको प्रयोग केकस्तो छ र कसरी प्रयोग गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित छ । यस समस्या समाधानका निम्ति सामग्री सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित भएकाले समस्या समाधानका निम्ति पाठात्मकविश्लेषण विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि ब्रह्मको सगुणस्वरूप र निर्गुणस्वरूपलाई विश्लेषणको आधार बनाइएको छ । यस अध्ययनको अन्त्यमा लेखनाथ पौड्यालको ‘शिवपञ्चाशिका’ कविता अद्वैतवेदान्त दर्शनको ब्रह्मचिन्तनका दृष्टिले उच्चकोटिको रहेको र लेखनाथ पौड्याल ब्रह्मवादी कवि भएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । दर्शनजस्तो दुरूह विषयलाई कविताको विषय बनाउनु र त्यसलाई अझ शास्त्रीय लयका माध्यमबाट कलात्मक र मार्मिक ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गर्न सक्नु लेखकको वैशिष्ठ्य हो र यो नै अध्ययनको प्राप्ति पनि हो ।
Community Forestry and Integrated Natural Resource Management in the Churia Region of Nepal
Authors: Tembe Damber
Published: April 2024

The author contends that the prevailing community forestry policy and legislations can be implemented to solve problems of Terai forest management. Based on on-going experiences in the Chure and inner Terai region in easternNepal, he puts forward an approach that integrates community forestry with natural resource management involving various stakeholder groups. The conclusion is that before attempting any change in legislation, more experiences may be gained by sincere efforts to implement community forestry in the Terai region of Nepal.
Protection of Community Forests: Options and Innovations in the Hills of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Basundhara
Published: April 2024

The author highlights various forms of protection arrangements being practiced in community forestry in Nepal, and identifies factors inducing innovations in forest protection. She highlights that still a huge amount of FUG efforts and resources is being allocated for protection of forests, and indicates a possibility of reducing such costs where all FUG members abide by the rules of forest utilization.
Commercial Use of Non-Timber Forest Products: Can the Poor Really Get Benefits?
Authors: Ojha Hemant Raj
Published: April 2024

Although the markets for NTFP is increasing, local harvesters have not been able to reap fair benefits. This is mainly because of non-conducive policy environment, imperfect market structure and complex socio-economic system that weakens the position of local communities in NTFP business. Citing the cases and figures of income disparity from NTFP trade in western Nepal, theauthor contends that policy is the overarching factor responsible for the situation. Any move to improve the situation should start from policy and provision of market and social services capable of elevating the position of local communities’bargaining power and share of benefits.
Impact of community forestry on women's workload and the use of chemical fertilizer
Authors: Ray Rabindra
Published: April 2024

A case study of Gaukhureshwor Community Forest User Group (FUG) of Kavrepalanchwok district shows that community-managed forests over the past several years has increased the supply of forest products particularly leaf litter. An increased supply of forest products has significantly reduced the workload of women in the area. In addition farmers have significantly reduced the use of chemical fertilizer in their farmland. These two positive effects of community forestry can have a favorable impact on the sustainable rural livelihoods.
Private property arrangement within community forest: a case of Raktamala forest user group
Authors: Shrestha Him Lal
Published: April 2024

This article briefly outlines individually distributed plot based forestry practices of a forest user group (FUG) in eastern Terai of Nepal. Forest users have adopted this system to enhance livelihoods impacts of forest, although there is no explicitly designed national policy and legislation to support it. Raktamala Community forest user group, which is located in the eastern Terai district of Saptari, is one that has been practicing this type of system. Most of 620 households affiliated to the group use about a half of the 350 hectares of community forests as individually-owned forest plots.
Depleting forests, silent spectators: who should manage Nepal's Terai forest?
Authors: Baral Jagadish Chandra
Published: April 2024

The paper, based on observations drawn from Siraha district, highlights some of the complexities involved in the management and use of Terai forests. It is argued that while the Terai forest needs a decentralized management approach, it requires a participatory approach different from the hill model, which tends to focus on people living in the proximity of the forest. The paper argues that it iscritical to embrace multitudes a/stakeholders extending up to miles away to the south of the Terai despite the complexities involved in the intervention.
Conflicts Between Policy and Local People in Valuing Non-timber Forest Products: Perspectives from Nepal
Authors: Gautam Krishna Hari
Published: April 2024

The paper presents an historical account of policy in Nepal regarding non-timber forest product management, and then analyzes the policy in terms of national and local perspectives on the values of these products. It is demonstrated that the conflict between policy-makers and local people has resulted in degradation of forest resources, particularly non-timber forest products. Based upon casestudies, it is shown that although the valuation gap is narrowing with the implementation of participatory forestry, local perspectives have not been adequately accommodated by state policies. Finally, it is suggested that policy guidelines be based upon local perspectives in order to realize the potential contribution of non-timber forest products to sustainable forest management and thenational economy.