bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant on the condition of pine plantations of Ukrainian forests
Authors: Melnyk-Shamrai V , Shamrai V , Patseva I , Patsev I
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the distribution of trees according to the main ecological indicators that characterize the viability of artificial pine stands, in which forestry activities were stopped due to significant radioactive contamination, 35 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In intensively polluted areas and control trial areas in fresh forests, the following distribution of trees by categories of sanitary condition was noted: healthy pine trees (category I) make up 29-33 percent and 47-53 percent of the total number of trees, respectively, weakened (category II) – 29-33% and 29-37%, very weakened (III category) – 13-17% and 6-12%, the share of dying and dead trees (IV-VI status categories) is 22-24% and 9-12%. It can be emphasized that in the same studied types of forest vegetation conditions, where the levels of radioactive pollution allowed to carry out forestry activities, a much better sanitary condition of pine stands was noted. Analyzing the indicators of the general index of the sanitary condition of pine plantations in the zone of unconditional resettlement, it can be noted that all stands belong to very weakened ones, the index is in the range from 2.45 to 2.55. In the control test areas, where forestry measures for the care of stands were carried out in a timely manner, this indicator was lower – by 13-26%. The study of the process of formation of waste and drying of pine stands shows that the share of trees of IV-VI categories of sanitary condition in fresh forests is 22-24%, and this is almost a third of trees that, as a rule, will die within a few years. In addition, trees of category III (13-17%) pose a significant threat, which will move into lower status categories without forest management measures. Research results show that after the cessation of forestry activities in the zone of unconditional resettlement, there is an intensive accumulation of dryness and a significant weakening of tree stands. In the radioactively contaminated territories, almost 58 to 70% of the trees are belonging to the II and III categories of technical suitability, and in the control areas the share of trees of the I category ranges from 45 to 64%.
Study and analysis of amber deposits using ArcGIS techniques
Authors: Koval D , Remezova O , Naumenko U , Draganchuk A , Komliev O
Published: December 2024

Amber deposits are located within the Baltic-Dnipro province and cover vast land areas and coastal seas. In the regional dimension, the formation of amber deposits is determined by the climatic, facial and tectonic features, so it is important to link their occurrence to specific structures, especially on platform areas where morphostructures are linked to the tectonic structure. Amber deposits on the territory of Ukraine are considered to be non-commercial due to their low technical and economic indicators and limited geological exploration. The evaluation of amber deposits is proving to be an important task that affects the country’s economy. The question of the origin of known placers, including intermediate collectors, remains unresolved. Numerous researchers studied amber placers, however, the question of the origin of placers, methods of their detection and evaluation is still relevant at the present stage, since the solution of this issue will largely allow to revise their resource potential. This article examines the prospects of utilising the ArcGIS geographic information system to analyse the geological and economic potential of amber resources in Ukraine. Geological and economic modelling using ArcGIS tools makes it possible to determine the industrial value of exploration of amber deposits. The calculation of the geological and economic indicators of the deposit is based on the most relevant data under current conditions.
Electric drive of coordinated rotation for mechanisms of flow-transport systems
Authors: Khomenko V L , Sarsenbayev N S , Kuttybayev A E , Kuttybayeva A E , Ratov B T
Published: December 2024

The frequency method is currently recognized as the most technically and economically feasible approach for controlling alternating current electric drives. However, systems employing frequency-controlled electromechanical setups with stator circuits, while offering extensive capabilities, present a more intricate challenge for voltage frequency regulation compared to systems utilizing rotor circuits. This complexity arises from the fact that the power of a thyristor frequency converter is comparable to that of electric motors. Consequently, there is a pressing need in contemporary electromechanics for the development of innovative circuit solutions to regulate the performance of flow transport systems. This study aims to design a two-motor electric drive for the mechanisms of flow transport systems with medium to high power, aiming for improved energy efficiency. As a result of this study, it was found that utilizing a cascade circuit in a dual-motor electric drive, along with an additional power source in the rectified rotor current circuit, enables the synchronized rotation of two motors. This synchronization can be achieved not only with identical nominal parameters but also with differing power and synchronous frequency of rotation. The primary advantages of this coordinated rotation approach in a twin-motor electric drive using a cascade scheme include the ability to adjust the power factor of the machines and reduce the power transferred to the control circuit by the thyristor frequency converter, thereby enhancing the reliability of the electric drive’s power components. Furthermore, by regulating the rotation frequency of two AC motors, it becomes feasible to enhance overall energy efficiency.
Modelling and forecasting the production potential of renewable energy sources in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Derii Z V , Tkalenko S I , Liubachivska R Z , Hrytsku-Andriiesh Y P , Ya Timish R
Published: December 2024

The Ukrainian energy sector is experiencing a crisis. The necessity for sustainable development in Ukraine’s regions, as well as energy independence, stems from the destruction of infrastructure and the consequences of dependency on Russian resources. The current trend is to develop renewable energy sources at the regional level, resulting in a more decentralized model. The article examines the empirical relationship between the causality of production, the potential of renewable energy, and the factors that influence the country’s economic growth, such as export, electricity, total final consumption, and total energy supply. The authors propose applying the system approach principle to the study of renewable energy source production in order to ensure the country’s energy security, contribute to increasing competitiveness on the international market, and develop a model based on the production of renewable energy sources and waste in Ukraine’s difficult economic development conditions. To model the production of renewable energy sources, which is one of the vectors ensuring energy security, the authors used the software product E-Views, which allows for making informed decisions based on statistical analysis and forecasting. During the research process, the authors demonstrated that more effective achievement of sustainable development goals will be facilitated by the formation of a reasonable approach to renewable energy production and the development of a sustainable development policy for Ukraine’s regions, which should have significant differences based on the region’s specifics.
Study of double short circuits on earth in 10 kV power grids with isolated neutral and with high level penetration RES
Authors: Rubanenko O O , Belik M , Rubanenko O Y , Vishtak I V
Published: December 2024

Proposed study described positive influence of high level penetration of renewable energy sources in distributed electrical networks for power system in total in war conditions. Faults in transmission power lines are analysed and shown depend on level voltage. The paper presents the results of studies of double earth faults in 10 kV networks with an isolated neutral in the MATLAB program package.
The postwar perspective of ammonia production in Ukraine
Authors: Ivanenko N P , Stanytsina V V
Published: December 2024

After the war, a favorable situation may arise in Ukraine not only for the restoration of ammonia production but also for its increase and the implementation of new state-of-the-art technologies that make it possible to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. The authors have identified the prerequisites for the post-war ammonia production development in Ukraine. The authors have presented the optimization model to minimize primary investments for reaching given ammonia production and specific CO2 emissions. The sharp increase in required investments is observed when new production capacities are needed. For existing capacities that will be undamaged after wartime the most effective mitigation measure both economically and environmentally is carbon storage and capture. The main directions of further study were outlined. The paper aims to analyze the prerequisites for post-war ammonia production in Ukraine and develop an optimization model to minimize primary investments in the quantitative and qualitative development of ammonia production in Ukraine.
Utilization of vegetative waste from green infrastructure of cities “in-situ”
Authors: Maksymenko N V , Gololobova O O , Sonko S P , Stolov V O , Shiyan D V
Published: December 2024

Taking into account the need to provide the city’s population with green areas in accordance with the European program “Green City”, there is a problem of the formation of large volumes of plant residues that need to be utilized. At the same time, the cultivation of green infrastructure elements on urban soils requires of fertilizer. The analysis of existing systems for the management of fallen leaves in different countries, including Ukraine, was carried out and the creation of a municipal infrastructure for the disposal of in-situ organic waste of plant origin in the context of the circular economy was proposed. The author’s technology for the creation of municipal infrastructure for the disposal of organic waste of plant origin for different urban landscapes. The effectiveness of using plant waste to form the initial substrate for the creation of composts and vermicomposts was investigated. The volumes of phytomass formation from fallen leaves in the green zones of administrative districts and the city as a whole, as well as in household plots with different vegetation composition were calculated. On the basis of the data obtained, a SWOT analysis was made of the implementation of the program utilization of plant waste.
Methodology for Deformation Studies Using Geodetic Methods
Authors: Tsanovski Yuri
Published: December 2024

An integral part of the operation of facilities in the mining industry (in the Republic of Bulgaria, mainly open-pit mines are developed) are the control functions, including quantitative characteristics of the extracted bulk mass, deformation of the sides, etc. A possible approach to collect detailed information on the current state of the rock mass is geodetic mapping by remote sensing methods. The paper discusses the principles of cyclic geodetic measurements for quantifying displacements and velocities of discrete points, changes in volume and shape and dimensions of the observed array (deformation). Although the deformations are invariant to the coordinate system introduced and the deformation parameters are most accurately determined by “direct measurements”, the fact that there is no geodetic determination that is not defined in some coordinate system should be taken into account. in this regard, it is critical to define and implement a stable coordinate system that does not load the measured quantities defined in it with additional reductions.
ZnS shelling as the outermost layer on luminescent nanocrystals: a key strategy for quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Loan Nguyen Thu , Huong Tran Thi Thu , Thuy Ung Thi Dieu , Reiss Peter , Liem Nguyen Quang
Published: December 2024

Highly luminescent nanocrystals (NCs), including semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), have been synthesized as light emitters for various applications during the last three decades. Recently, light-emitting diodes based on NCs or QDs (hereafter commonly called QLEDs) have been fabricated, achieving an external quantum efficiency of more than 20%, closely approaching practical requirements. In the QLED structure, the outermost shell of the luminescent NCs or QDs plays a crucial role, as it needs to simultaneously meet the following requirements: (i) to act as an effective shell to passivate imperfections or traps on the NC surface, while confining injected charge carriers within the emitting QDs/NCs; and (ii) to possess compatibility with both the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL) for efficient injection of electrons and holes into the core NCs/QDs. Additionally, the outermost shell of the NCs/QDs should be environmentally friendly. Practically, the outermost ZnS shell appears to satisfy all the above requirements for various types of emitting NCs/QDs, including II-VI (CdSe, CdTe, ZnSe), III-V (InP, GaP), I-III-VI (CuInS2, AgInS2, AgInSe2), and metal halide perovskites. This has naturally led to numerous studies conducted on different NCs and QDs with the same outermost ZnS shell. Using a ZnS shell is also advantageous for designing uniform QLED structures with different NCs or QDs to emit a variety of wavelengths. In this article, we review the recent development of QLEDs using various NCs or QDs as light emitters, where the spectral emission range can be controlled by simply adjusting the size or composition of the core NCs/QDs. We also discuss why ZnS is suitable for shelling various types of NCs/QDs and how it aligns appropriately with the ETLs and HTLs being studied for facilitating the injection of charge carriers in QLEDs.
Sharp Hausdorff content estimates for accessible boundaries of domains in metric measure spaces of controlled geometry
Authors: Eriksson-Bique Sylvester , Gibara Ryan , Korte Riikka , Shanmugalingam Nageswari
Published: December 2024

We give a sharp Hausdorff content estimate for the size of the accessible boundary of any domain in a metric measure space of controlled geometry, i.e., a complete metric space equipped with a doubling measure supporting a

p
p

-Poincaré inequality for a fixed

1
≤
p
>
∞

1\le p>\infty

. This answers a question posed by Jonas Azzam. In the process, we extend the result to every doubling gauge in metric measure spaces which satisfies a codimension one bound.
Needs Assessment of Virtual Nursing Implementation Using the Donabedian Framework
Authors: Khairat Saif , Morelli Jennifer , Edson Barbara S. , Aucoin Julia , Jones Cheryl B.
Published: December 2024

Nursing shortages are a significant problem that affects healthcare access, outcomes, and costs and challenges the delivery of care in hospitals. The virtual nursing delivery model enables the provision of expert nursing care from a remote location, using technology such as audio/video communication, remote monitoring devices, and access to the electronic health record. However, little is known about the structure and processes supporting the implementation of virtual nursing in healthcare systems. This study examined the requirements for implementing a virtual nursing care team by characterizing the structure and processes of virtual nursing, using the Donabedian framework. The study conducted an observational and qualitative evaluation of a virtual nursing care team at a major Southeastern health center in the United States. The study found that key aspects for implementing a virtual nursing program include the number of available virtual nurses per shift, the availability of appropriate virtual nursing equipment, the physical layout of the virtual nursing center, the training of virtual nursing nurses on best practices of virtual encounters, simultaneous use of electronic health record, creation, and training of nurses on policies and procedures such as escalation of technical issues, and available support resources for problem resolution. The study provides valuable insights into the structure and processes of virtual nursing care that can be used to improve healthcare delivery and address nursing shortages.
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tekdogan Boran , Martineau Jérôme , Kalbermatten Daniel F. , Oranges Carlo M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Previous studies have shown a higher complication rate in bilateral (BL) compared to unilateral (UL) deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstructions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to offer an update by including recent studies to thoroughly assess the complication rates in UL versus BL DIEP flap reconstructions and provide clear guidance for clinicians and their patients.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature and comparative meta-analysis were performed to assess the differences in complication rates between UL and BL procedures. Only comparative studies that reported on postoperative complications after UL and BL DIEP flap breast reconstructions were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results:

Five studies representing 5120 patients who underwent either UL or BL DIEP flap breast reconstructions were included. BL DIEP flap reconstructions were associated with a higher risk of total flap loss, with an OR of 1.48 (95% CI, 1.02–2.14) and a P value of 0.04. Conversely, the risk of reexploration surgery was reduced, with an OR of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.55– 0.84) and a P value of 0.0002.

Conclusions:

BL DIEP flap breast reconstruction carries a higher risk of complete flap loss compared with UL reconstructions, with a moderate risk increase. Despite this increased risk, the significant benefits of BL reconstruction make it a viable and recommended option for women requiring this type of surgery.
Remote Incisions as an Alternative to Mastectomy Scars for Breast Tissue Expander-to-Implant Exchange: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Elmorsi Rami , Barrera Jose E. , Mericli Alexander F. , Schaverien Mark V. , Baumann Donald P. , Olenczak J. Bryce
Published: December 2024

Background:

Two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction involves the exchange of tissue expanders for implants, but complications of this procedure can necessitate revision surgeries and implant removal. The choice between remote incision (RI) and traditional access via existing mastectomy scars (MS) for this exchange remains underexplored. RIs offer potential benefits by placing the incision at a region of higher quality tissue, prompting our comparative analysis of complications between RI and MS.

Methods:

We retrospectively analysed patients undergoing expander-to-implant exchange via RI or MS access during 2018 through 2023. Data on demographics, comorbidities, cancer characteristics, surgeries, therapies, and outcomes were collected from the electronic medical record, and complication rates were compared between RI and MS exchange procedures.

Results:

In propensity-score matched cohorts, overall complications (10% for MS and 7.5% for RI, p = 0.58), infection (5.0% for MS vs. 2.5% for RI, p = 0.68), seroma (2.5% for both, p>0.99), dehiscence (2.5% for both, p>0.99), implant exposure (2.5% for MS vs. 1.2% for RI, p>0.99), and implant explantation (7.5% for MS vs. 6.2% for RI, p=0.75) were similar or lower in the RI group. Overall complications, infection, seroma, dehiscence, implant exposure, and explantation were also lower in radiated patients receiving RI compared to MS exchanges, though statistically insignificant. Transaxillary and inframammary incisions showed comparable outcomes, albeit the latter having a higher incidence of infections.

Conclusions:

RIs represent a safe alternative to MS exchanges in selected, high-risk patients undergoing post-mastectomy implant-based breast reconstruction.
Prediction of Local Tumor Progression After Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Δ-Radiomics
Authors: Zhu Xiucong , Zhu Jinke , Sun Chenwen , Zhu Fandong , Wu Bing , Mao Jiaying , Zhao Zhenhua
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to enhance the predictability of local tumor progression (LTP) postthermal ablation in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs). A sophisticated approach integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Δ-radiomics and clinical feature-based modeling was employed.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, 37 patients with CRLM were included, encompassing a total of 57 tumors. Radiomics features were derived by delineating the images of lesions pretreatment and images of the ablation zones posttreatment. The change in these features, termed Δ-radiomics, was calculated by subtracting preprocedure values from postprocedure values. Three models were developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operators (LASSO) and logistic regression: the preoperative lesion model, the postoperative ablation area model, and the Δ model. Additionally, a composite model incorporating identified clinical features predictive of early treatment success was created to assess its prognostic utility for LTP.

Results

LTP was observed in 20 out of the 57 lesions (35%). The clinical model identified, tumor size (P = 0.010), and ΔCEA (P = 0.044) as factors significantly associated with increased LTP risk postsurgery. Among the three models, the Δ model demonstrated the highest AUC value (T2WI AUC in training, 0.856; Delay AUC, 0.909; T2WI AUC in testing, 0.812; Delay AUC, 0.875), whereas the combined model yielded optimal performance (T2WI AUC in training, 0.911; Delay AUC, 0.954; T2WI AUC in testing, 0.847; Delay AUC, 0.917). Despite its superior AUC values, no significant difference was noted when comparing the performance of the combined model across the two sequences (P = 0.6087).

Conclusions

Combined models incorporating clinical data and Δ-radiomics features serve as valuable indicators for predicting LTP following thermal ablation in patients with CRLM.
Outcomes and Craniometric Analyses of the Champy Technique in the Treatment of Mandibular Angle Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kaplan Güven Ozan , Güneş Hilal , Karaosmanoğlu Ayça Akgöz , Altunbulak Ahmet Yasir , Konas Ersoy , Tunçbilek Gökhan , Calis Mert
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the outcomes of superiorly placed monocortical single miniplate fixation in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures and evaluate treatment efficacy through craniometric measurements. Postoperative craniometrics were compared with both the preoperative measurements and the control group. Thirty-four patients were included with a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Complications were observed in 6 patients, with 4 treated surgically and 2 managed nonoperatively. In the craniometric analyses, there was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative measurements of the gonial angle and condyle-midsagittal plane distance on both the fracture side and the contralateral side. The only significant difference was found in comparison of the degree of the mentum deviation (P=0.001). Postoperative mandibular morphometry was comparable to that of the control group. Single miniplate fixation corrects mentum deviation without resulting in any changes in condyle position and can achieve healthy mandibular morphometry.
Identification and verification of feature biomarkers associated with choline metabolism in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pei Meng-Qin , Sun Zhen-Dong , Yang Yu-Shen , Fang Yu-Ming , Zeng Ya-Fen , He He-Fan
Published: December 2024

Background: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), one of the most common complications of sepsis, seriously affects the prognosis of critically ill patients. Choline metabolism is an important biological process in the organism, and the mechanism of its interaction with SIC is unclear. The aim of this study was to reveal the choline metabolism genes (CMGs) associated with SIC and to provide effective targets for the treatment of SIC.

Methods: Through a comprehensive analysis of the microarray dataset GSE79962 (comprising 20 SIC patients and 11 healthy controls) from the GEO database, suspected co-expression modules and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SIC were identified. Hub CMGs were obtained by intersecting choline metabolism database with DEGs and key model genes. Afterward, hub CMGs most significantly involved in prognosis were further analyzed for the verification of major pathways of enrichment analysis. Finally, the expression of hub CMGs in in vivo and in vitro SIC model was verified by immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qPCR).

Results: WGCNA identified 1 hub gene panel and 3867 hub genes, which were intersected with DEGs and CMGs to obtain the same 3 hub CMGs:HIF-1α, DGKD and PIK3R1. Only HIF-1α shows significant association with mortality (P = 0.009). Subsequent differential analysis based on the high and low HIF-1α expression yielded 63 DEGs and then they were uploaded into Cytoscape software to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and 6 hub genes with the highest priority were obtained (CISH, THBS1, IMP1, MYC, SOCS3 and VCAN). Finally, a multifactorial COX analysis revealed a significant correlation between HIF-1α and survival in SIC patients, which was further validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Conclusion: Our findings will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SIC, and HIF-1α may have important applications as a potential biomarker for early detection and therapeutic intervention in SIC.
Pioneering the retroperitoneal approach: Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided embolization in totally endophytic renal masses during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Chiang Ting-Yi , Tsai I-Chen , Hsieh Chia-Chih , Tseng Wen-Hsin , Wu Reng-Hong , Huang Steven K. , Chiu Allen W.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of utilizing superselective transarterial indocyanine green (ICG)-lipiodol delivery to arterial branches supplying renal masses. Retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) was performed on 8 patients, and the characteristics of the patients, operative outcomes, and renal function results were assessed.

Materials and methods:

A preoperative procedure involved the transarterial delivery of an ICG-lipiodol mixture into tertiary-order arterial branches supplying renal masses. Retroperitoneal RAPN was performed on 8 patients, with detailed assessments of patient characteristics, operative outcomes, and renal function results.

Results:

The tumors were predominantly on the left side (mean size, 2.5 cm; RENAL nephrometry score, 7.3). The operative outcomes were favorable, with minimal ischemia time, no complications, and 100% margin-free resections. Individual renal functions showed a mild decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, emphasizing the safety of ICG.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study support the effectiveness of retroperitoneal RAPN for challenging endophytic renal masses and introduce a novel approach with superselective transarterial ICG-lipiodol delivery, demonstrating favorable operative outcomes and successful preservation of renal function.
The association between consumption of dairy products and risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fathi Soroor , Vahdat Mahsa , Saeedirad Zahra , Hassanpour Ardekanizadeh Naeemeh , Mousavi Mele Mahdi , Shekari Soheila , Mobarakeh Khadijeh Abbasi , Shafaei Hanieh , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Rajabi Harsini Asma , Khoshdooz Sara , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , YazdiMoghaddam Hamideh , Doaei Saeid
Published: December 2024

Background

The effects of dairy products on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unclear. Some studies have revealed the beneficial effects, whereas others found harmful effects of dairy products on the risk of T2DM. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of different types of dairy products with risk of T2DM in Iranian adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included a total of 4241 individuals. Among these participants, 1804 were diagnosed with T2DM or prediabetes, whereas the remaining 2437 individuals were without T2DM. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the consumption of different types of dairy products.

Results

A positive association was found between T2DM with dietary intake of milk [odds ratio (OR): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.23, P = 0.008] and cheese (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.41–2.29, P = 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, BMI, education level, energy, and fat intake. There was no significant association between T2DM and dietary intake of total dairy, yogurt, ayran (yogurt drink), and curd.

Conclusion

A positive association was found between the consumption of some dairy products including milk and cheese and the risk of T2DM. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to approve this finding.
LITERATURE REVIEW THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSES RESILIENCE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT : PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING
Authors: Ernawati Naya , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Yusuf Ah
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to examine the philosophy of social support from the perspective of the resilience.

Methods

This study used a literature review using the PICOS framework. There are 11 articles in it, articleswere searched from 4 databases namely Sciencedirect, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL. The keywords used in the literature search were resilience AND social support, AND nurses AND hospital. The search was limited to 2019-2024 publications, full articles, not review articles. The strategy used to search for articlesusing the PICOS framework. Then selected using the PRISMA diagram andobtained eleven articles. Quality assessment of eleven articles using the JBI CriticalAppraisal tool.

Results

Ten articles describing the relationship between social support and resilience. Social Support can be used improve resilience in nurses at hospital.

Conclusion

Social support is related to psychological resilience. Building resilience and social support can help reduce nurses’ vulnerability. Policymakers must develop and implement appropriate strategies to increase nurses’ social support and resilience to improve the quality of nursing care.
Cutaneous human papillomavirus E6 impairs the cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Tolbert Emily , Dacus Dalton , Pollina Rose , Wallace Nicholas A.
Published: December 2024

Beta genus human papillomaviruses (β-HPVs) are ubiquitous double stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that may promote skin cancers by destabilizing the host genome. Supporting this, expression of the E6 gene from a β-HPV (β-HPV 8 E6) results in increased micronuclei that should induce an innate immune response that eliminates these cells. Yet, β-HPV 8 E6 promotes rather than restricts proliferation. We hypothesize that β-HPV 8 E6 accomplishes this by attenuating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, an innate immune pathway that becomes activated in response to cytosolic micronuclear dsDNA. Here, we show that in response to stimulation by transfection of pLVX-GFP plasmid, β-HPV 8 E6 reduced the magnitude and intensity of cGAS-STING pathway activation in immunoblot experiments. These data also demonstrate that impairment of the cGAS-STING pathway is strongest downstream of STING phosphorylation. Further, RNA-sequencing suggests that β-HPV 8 E6 downregulates other innate immune pathways. We also show that cGAS is recruited to micronuclei induced by β-HPV 8 E6. These data suggest a mechanism by which β-HPV 8 E6 facilitates proliferation of cells destabilized by micronuclei and support the hypothesis that the prevalence of β-HPV infections is in part due to the impairment of the cGAS-STING innate immune response.
Spatial single cell transcriptomic analysis of a novel DICER1 Syndrome GEMM informs the cellular origin and developmental hierarchy of associated sarcomas
Authors: Kommoss Felix K.F. , Zhang Joyce , Lynch Branden J. , Chen Shary Yuting , Senz Janine , Moscovitz Yana , Hill Lesley Ann , Scott Wilder , Bush Jonathan , Chen Kenneth S. , von Deimling Andreas , Foulkes William D. , Morin Gregg , Underhill T. Michael , Wang Yemin , Huntsman David G.
Published: December 2024

DICER1 syndrome predisposes children and young adults to tumor development across various organs. Many of these cancers are sarcomas, which uniquely express the RNase IIIb domain-deficient form of DICER1 and exhibit consistent histological and molecular similarities regardless of their anatomical origins. To uncover their cellular origin and developmental hierarchy, we established a lineage-traceable genetically engineered mouse model that allows for precise activation ofDicer1mutations in Hic1+mesenchymal stromal cells. This model resulted in the development of renal tumors closely mirroring human DICER1 sarcoma histologically and molecularly. Single-cell transcriptomics coupled with targeted spatial gene expression analysis revealed a Hic1+progenitor population marked byPdgfra,Dpt, andMfap4,corresponding to universal fibroblasts of steady-state kidneys. These fibroblastic progenitors exhibit the capacity to undergo rhabdomyoblastic differentiation or transition to highly proliferative anaplastic sarcoma. Investigation of patient samples identified analogous cell states. This study uncovers a fibroblastic origin for DICER1 sarcoma and provides a faithful model for mechanistic investigation and therapeutic development for tumors within the rhabdomyosarcoma spectrum.
Interactions betweenBrassica carinataand its pollinators is shaped by managed beehives and neonicotinoid seed treatment
Authors: Nottebrock Henning , Stiles Shane , Lundgren Jonathan G. , Fenster Charles B.
Published: December 2024

Brassica carinatais a biofuel and animal feed crop with expanding global production. Although there is much research on common farming practices to improve yield, there is almost a complete absence of data on the dependency of yield through pollination services. Reciprocally, we lack information on whetherB. carinataoffers ecosystem services to pollinators. We observed almost 4000 pollinator visits, quantified different plant functional traits, including floral resources and examined the effect of supplementing fields with honey bee hives and the use of neonicotinoid seed treatment on seed yield and honey bee health. Data was collected from 35 0.404-ha sites with more than 800 focalB. carinataindividuals across 2 years in the Prairie Coteau region of the Northern Great Plains. We found that pollinators (n = 28 species) are attracted to floral resources at different spatial scales. High visitation rates by pollinator species were associated with double the seed set inB. carinatarelative to the lowest visitation rates.Brassica carinataadds floral resources to the agricultural ecosystem and therefore has the potential to increase pollinator health. However, species interactions are influenced by the use of insecticides and the presence of honey bees by managed beehives. In particular, insecticides alter the role of pollinators on crop pollination by reducing the positive impact of floral resources on pollinator-mediated yield and honey bee health.
Identifying Effect Modification of Latent Population Characteristics on Risk Factors with a Sparse Varying Coefficient Regression
Authors: Wang Ruofan , Fang Lei , Wang Yue , Jin Jin
Published: December 2024

Leveraging observational data to understand the associations between risk factors and disease outcomes and conduct disease risk prediction is a common task in epidemiology. While traditional linear regression and other machine learning models have been extensively implemented for this task, the associations between risk factors and disease outcomes are typically deemed fixed. In many cases, however, such associations may vary by some underlying features of the individuals, which may involve certain subpopulation characteristics and environmental factors. While data for these latent features may not be available, the observed data on risk factors may have captured some proportion of the variation in these features. Thus extracting latent factors from risk factors and incorporating this effect modification into the model may better capture the underlying data structure and improve inference. We develop a novel regression model with some coefficients varying as functions of latent features extracted from the risk factors. We have demonstrated the superiority of our approach in various data settings via simulation studies. An application on a dataset for lung cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program showed that our approach led to a 6% - 118% increase in (AUC-0.5) for distinguishing between different lung cancer stages compared to the classic lasso and elastic net regressions and identified interesting latent effect modifications associated with certain gene pathways.
Flow transport and not ejection fraction determines left ventricular stasis in patients with impaired systolic function
Authors: Martinez-Legazpi Pablo , Bermejo Javier , del Alamo Juan C.
Published: December 2024

Background

Impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function is a major risk factor for mural thrombosis and embolism, but LV ejection fraction (EF) poorly predicts these events, suggesting the existence of additional sources of variability. Advances in multi-dimensional flow imaging and patient-specific simulations have sparked the derivation of diverse metrics to assess blood stasis and transit efficiency. However, simple models to interpret these metrics and their dependence on chamber function are lacking.

Methods

We introduce queue models of LV blood transit connecting two common metrics of LV efficiency: flow component analysis and residence time (RT) mapping. These models yield closed-form expressions for the average RT of blood in the LV as a function of EF, direct flow (DF) —blood entering and leaving the LV in one cardiac cycle, and residual volume (RV) — blood persisting in the LV for >2 cycles. Models’ performance was tested against RT obtained from vector flow mapping in 332 subjects, including controls and patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy.

Results

Queue models revealed RT is increasingly sensitive to DF as EF decreases, contradicting the traditional view of large DF as a teleological advantage. Instead, RT is minimized when blood transits in a first-in-first-out (FIFO) manner, while DF short-circuits the FIFO pattern, prolonging RT for other flow components. FIFO models show a good performance to assess RT in the studied subjects, especially when accounting for patient-specific DF and RV, with R: 0.62 for the pooled data, 0.70 for control, and 0.60, 0.80 and 0.40 for AMI, DCM and HCM groups respectively.

Conclusion

By developing queue models of LV blood transit, and testing them on a large clinical database, we show large DF may contribute to increased blood stasis when EF is low. These models also explain why EF is a poor thrombosis risk marker in AMI and DCM.
Scalable Guide Tree Construction Using Quantum Annealing for Multiple Sequence Alignment
Authors: Park Youngjun , Kim Juhyeon , Huh Joonsuk
Published: December 2024

A guide tree directs the sequence alignment order for multiple sequence alignment (MSA). Distance-based guide trees are widely used in MSA tools. However, many traditional algorithms for constructing these guide trees are unscalable and require a time complexity ofO(N2) toO(N3), whereNis the number of input sequences. In this study, we introduce a hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) algorithm using quantum annealing that enables scalable guide tree construction. The proposed algorithm is based on two theoretical foundations: minimum evolution (ME) and molecular clock (MC). The ME requires finding the order of sequences that minimizes the total sum of branch lengths, which can be reduced to the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). The TSP is solved using quantum annealing. From the TSP solution, the algorithm can build a guide tree with a time complexity ofO(N) using the MC. In benchmark tests on BAliBASE 3.0 data set, the proposed guide trees outperform various classical HAC guide trees when aligning protein sequences with largely mutated termini. These guide trees will provide valuable insights into the study of protein termini.
Amino Acid Transfer Free Energies Reveal Thermodynamic Driving Forces in Biomolecular Condensate Formation
Authors: Rekhi Shiv , Mittal Jeetain
Published: December 2024

The self-assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins into biomolecular condensates shows a dependence on the primary sequence of the protein, leading to sequence-dependent phase separation. Methods to investigate this sequence-dependent phase separation rely on effective residue-level interaction potentials that quantify the propensity for the residues to remain in the dilute phase versus the dense phase. The most direct measure of these effective potentials are the distribution coefficients of the different amino acids between the two phases, but due to the lack of availability of these coefficients, proxies, most notably hydropathy, have been used. However, recent work has demonstrated the limitations of the assumption of hydropathy-driven phase separation. In this work, we address this fundamental gap by calculating the transfer free energies associated with transferring each amino acid side chain analog from the dilute phase to the dense phase of a model biomolecular condensate. We uncover an interplay between favorable protein-mediated and unfavorable water-mediated contributions to the overall free energies of transfer. We further uncover an asymmetry between the contributions of positive and negative charges in the driving forces for condensate formation. The results presented in this work provide an explanation for several non-trivial trends observed in the literature and will aid in the interpretation of experiments aimed at elucidating the sequence-dependent driving forces underlying the formation of biomolecular condensates.
Local Haplotype Classifiers enable Efficient, Flexible, and Secure Genotype Imputation and Downstream Analyses
Authors: Cheema Muhammad Nadeem , Nazir Anam , Moon Jungho , Oh Yongwoo , Naseri Ardalan , Zhi Degui , Jiang Xiaoqian , Kim Miran , Harmanci Arif
Published: December 2024

The decreasing cost of genotyping technologies led to abundant availability and usage of genetic data. Although it offers many potentials for improving health and curing diseases, genetic data is highly intrusive in many aspects of individual privacy. Secure genotype analysis methods have been developed to perform numerous tasks such as genome-wide association studies, meta-analysis, kinship inference, and genotype imputation outsourcing. Here we present a new approach for using lightweight haplotype classifier models to use predicted haplotype information in a flexible privacy-preserving framework to perform genotype imputation and downstream tasks. Compared to the previous secure methods that rely main on linear models, our approach utilizes efficient models that rely on utilizing haplotypic information, which improves accuracy and increases the throughput of imputation by performing multiple imputations per model evaluation.
Investigating the consequences of chronic short sleep for metabolism and survival of oxidative stress
Authors: Tener Samantha J. , Kim Chloe E. , Lee Jungwon , Oraedu Kairaluchi , Gatto Jared A. , Chang Timothy Y. , Lam Carly , Schanta Ryan , Jankowski Meaghan S. , Park Scarlet J. , Hurley Jennifer M. , Ulgherait Matthew , Canman Julie C. , Ja William W. , Collins Douglas B. , Shirasu-Hiza Mimi
Published: December 2024

In previous work, we found that short sleep caused sensitivity to oxidative stress; here we set out to characterize the physiological state of a diverse group of chronically short-sleeping mutants during hyperoxia as an acute oxidative stress. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that short-sleeping mutants had a normal transcriptional oxidative stress response relative to controls. In both short-sleeping mutants and controls, hyperoxia led to downregulation of glycolytic genes and upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, reminiscent of metabolic shifts during sleep. We hypothesized that short-sleeping mutants may be sensitive to hyperoxia because of defects in metabolism. Consistent with this, short-sleeping mutants were sensitive to starvation. Using metabolomics, we identified a pattern of low levels of long chain fatty acids and lysophospholipids in short-sleeping mutants relative to controls during hyperoxia, suggesting a defect in lipid metabolism. Though short-sleeping mutants did not have common defects in many aspects of lipid metabolism (basal fat stores, usage kinetics during hyperoxia, respiration rates, and cuticular hydrocarbon profiles), they were all sensitive to dehydration, suggesting a general defect in cuticular hydrocarbons, which protect against dehydration. To test the bi-directionality of sleep and lipid metabolism, we tested flies with both diet-induced obesity and genetic obesity. Flies with diet-induced obesity had no sleep or oxidative stress phenotype; in contrast, the lipid metabolic mutant,brummer, slept significantly more than controls but was sensitive to oxidative stress. Previously, all short sleepers tested were sensitive and all long sleepers resistant to oxidative stress.brummermutants, the first exceptions to this rule, lack a key enzyme required to mobilize fat stores, suggesting that a defect in accessing lipid stores can cause sensitivity to oxidative stress. Taken together, we found that short-sleeping mutants have many phenotypes in common: sensitivity to oxidative stress, starvation, dehydration, and defects in lipid metabolites. These results argue against a specific role for sleep as an antioxidant and suggest the possibility that lipid metabolic defects underlie the sensitivity to oxidative stress of short-sleeping mutants.
Multidimensional variable dose analysis (mVDA) is a novel method for high-throughput mapping of genetic interactions
Authors: Sengupta S. , Housden B.E.
Published: December 2024

The mapping of genetic interactions is a powerful tool to determine gene functions, assemble the structures of biological pathways and to identify therapeutic targets for disease. However, while there have been significant advances in the screening techniques used to identify genetic interactions over the past decade, methods that are sufficiently scalable to test genetic interactions on a genome level are still far from our current capabilities. Here, we describe an approach to genetic interaction screening inDrosophilacells that overcomes the scaling issues associated with most other methods. This method, called multidimensional Variable Dose Analysis (mVDA), allows multiple, random genes to be inhibited within each cell of a mixed population and the relative phenotypes caused by each gene or pair of genes to be deconvoluted. This means that reagent library size and cell population size do not scale exponentially with the number of genes to be tested, unlike previous methods. This method therefore has the potential to allow genome wide mapping of genetic interactions inDrosophilacells for the first time.