bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitions in paternal social status predict patterns of offspring growth and metabolic transcription
Authors: Cauceglia Joseph W. , Nelson Adam C. , Rubinstein Nimrod D. , Kukreja Shweta , Sasso Lynsey N. , Beaufort John A. , Rando Oliver J. , Potts Wayne K.
Published: December 2019

One type of parental effect occurs when changes in parental phenotype or environment trigger changes to offspring phenotype. Such nongenetic parental effects can be precisely triggered in response to an environmental cue in time‐locked fashion, or in other cases, persist for multiple generations after the cue has been removed, suggesting multiple timescales of action. For parental effects to serve as reliable signals of current environmental conditions, they should be reversible, such that when cues change, offspring phenotypes change in accordance. Social hierarchy is a prevalent feature of the environment, and current parental social status could signal the environment in which offspring will be born. Here, we sought to address parental effects of social status and their timescale of action in mice. We show that territorial competition in seminatural environments affects offspring growth. Although dominant males are not heavier than nondominant or control males, they produce faster growing offspring, particularly sons. The timing, effect‐size, and sex‐specificity of this association are modulated by maternal social experience. We show that a change in paternal social status is sufficient to modulate offspring weight: from one breeding cycle to the next, status‐ascending males produce heavier sons than before, and status‐descending males produce lighter sons than before. Current paternal status is also highly predictive of liver transcription in sons, including molecular pathways controlling oxidative phosphorylation and iron metabolism. These results are consistent with a parental effect of social experience, although alternative explanations are considered. In summary, changes in paternal social status are associated with changes in offspring growth and metabolism.
Volatiles or TIVA: Which is the standard of care for pediatric airway procedures? A pro‐con discussion
Authors: Lauder Gillian R. , Thomas Mark , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. , Engelhardt Thomas
Published: December 2019

Anesthesia for pediatric airway procedures constitutes a true art form that requires training and experience. Communication between anesthetist and surgeon to establish procedure goals is essential in determining the most appropriate anesthetic management. But does the mode of anesthesia have an impact? Traditionally, inhalational anesthesia was the most common anesthesia technique used during airway surgery. Introduction of agents used for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) such as propofol, short‐acting opioids, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine has driven change in practice. Ongoing debates abound as to the advantages and disadvantages of volatile‐based anesthesia versus TIVA. This pro‐con discussion examines both volatiles and TIVA, from the perspective of effectiveness, safety, cost, and environmental impact, in an endeavor to justify which technique is the best specifically for pediatric airway procedures.
Pediatric syndromes with noncraniofacial anomalies impacting the airways
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Rogério Degrandi
Published: December 2019

Syndromes with noncraniofacial abnormalities can be a real challenge in terms of airway management. The key to success is effective preparation, presence of personnel with expertise in difficult pediatric airway management, regular training and familiarity with difficult intubation equipment, and teamwork. Considering that there are a very large number of syndromes, with variable phenotypic expression, the management strategy of every case will be dictated by the anatomical and functional airway as assessed on physical examination and subsidiary examinations before induction of anesthesia.
Intermediality in the Visualization of Peace: Contradicting Narratives about Peace and Violence in Timor‐Leste
Authors: Ottendörfer Eva
Published: December 2019

Visuals can be effective tools for educating an audience about peacebuilding and the need to engage with a nation's violent past. However, research on visuality has pointed to the ambivalence visuals can develop through audiencing and the dominant political discourse. Building on this, this article argues that ambivalence can also occur between narratives by different media although the same institution produced them, and that such inherent contradictions can limit the institution's effectiveness. The analysis centers upon a case study of the East Timorese Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) that compares the commission's documentary dalan ba dame (“road to peace”) with its final report about peace and the human rights violations committed in the territory between 1975 and 1999. While the commission's final report stresses the individual responsibility of members of the Indonesian military and formulates the need for an institution‐based liberal peace, the documentary communicates the message that all parties to the conflict are guilty of committing crimes and that peace has already been created, mitigating the need to further engage with the violent past. The analysis identifies the media's different formats and their different agendas as reasons for the creation of these contradicting messages. Based on an assessment of the dissemination of both media and their reception within the political discourse in Timor‐Leste, the implications of these conflicting narratives for educating an international audience are discussed. Since the final report is difficult to access due to its length and its legal language, the documentary remains the more accessible medium to educate an international audience about the nation's violent past. However, due to the narrative it conveys, the documentary's ability to mobilize an international audience is limited. Thus, the article argues for considering three aspects when designing visuals for peace education: the intermediality of visuals with other media and its potential effects concerning the communication of a specific message, the reception of the message by the target audience, and the reception of the message by broader audiences when the visual is distributed online.
The ethics–mathematics analogy
Authors: Clarke‐Doane Justin
Published: December 2019

Ethics and mathematics have long invited comparisons. On the one hand, both ethical and mathematical propositions can appear to be knowable a priori, if knowable at all. On the other hand, mathematical propositions seem to admit of proof, and to enter into empirical scientific theories, in a way that ethical propositions do not. In this article, I discuss apparent similarities and differences between ethical and mathematical knowledge, realistically construed—that is, construed as independent of human mind and languages. I argue that some are merely apparent, while others are of little consequence. There is a difference between the cases. But it is not an epistemological difference per se. The difference, surprisingly, is that ethical knowledge, if it is practical, cannot fail to be objective in a way that factual knowledge can. One upshot of the discussion is radicalization of Moore's Open Question Argument. Another is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension.
Dose–Response and Temperature Dependence of the Mortality of Spider Mite and Predatory Mite Eggs Caused by Daily Nighttime Ultraviolet‐B Irradiation
Authors: Yuan Lifeng , Osakabe Masahiro
Published: December 2019

The two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is an economically important agricultural pest. A novel physical control method involving daily nighttime UV‐B irradiation was recently developed for use in strawberry greenhouses. However, the overlapping of leaves after March prevents direct irradiation to T. urticae on the lower leaf surface, decreasing control effect. Excessive UV‐B irradiation causes leaf sunscald in winter. Therefore, optimization of UV‐B irradiance and a compensatory control agent are desired. Temperature may affect the survival of organisms exposed to UV‐B, although the temperature dependence of UV‐B damage is controversial. A phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus californicus, is a prominent predator but vulnerable to a single UV‐B irradiation. We compared dose–response and temperature dependence of UV‐B damage between T. urticae and N. californicus eggs under daily nighttime UV‐B irradiation. Unexpectedly, N. californicus showed greater resistance to UV‐B than T. urticae, and the mortality was increased and decreased at low and high temperatures, respectively. This makes possible the application of UV‐B doses that are lethal for spider mites but safe for phytoseiid mites. Overall, we concluded that combined use of phytoseiid mites with UV‐B lamps is advantageous to spider mite management in strawberry greenhouses.
Irradiance, Photofrin® Dose and Initial Tumor Volume are Key Predictors of Response to Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy of Locally Advanced Cancers in Translational Models
Authors: Oakley Emily , Bellnier David , Hutson Alan , Cooper Hannah , Habitzruther Michael , Sexton Sandra , Curtin Leslie , Tworek Lawrence , Mallory Matthew , Henderson Barbara , Shafirstein Gal
Published: December 2019

The objective of the present study was to develop a predictive model for Photofrin®‐mediated interstitial photodynamic therapy (I‐PDT) of locally advanced tumors. Our finite element method was used to simulate 630‐nm intratumoral irradiance and fluence for C3H mice and New Zealand White rabbits bearing large squamous cell carcinomas. Animals were treated with light only or I‐PDT using the same light settings. I‐PDT was administered with Photofrin® at 5.0 or 6.6 mg kg−1, 24 h drug‐light interval. The simulated threshold fluence was fixed at 45 J cm−2 while the simulated threshold irradiance varied, intratumorally. No cures were obtained in the mice treated with a threshold irradiance of 5.4 mW cm−2. However, 20–90% of the mice were cured when the threshold irradiances were ≥8.6 mW cm−2. In the rabbits treated with I‐PDT, 13 of the 14 VX2 tumors showed either local control or were cured when threshold irradiances were ≥15.3 mW cm−2 and fluence was 45 J cm−2. No tumor growth delay was observed in VX2 treated with light only (n = 3). In the mouse studies, there was a high probability (92.7%) of predicting cure when the initial tumor volume was below the median (493.9 mm3) and I‐PDT was administered with a threshold intratumoral irradiance ≥8.6 mW cm−2.
Physical and perceptual cooling: Improving cognitive function, mood disturbance and time to fatigue in the heat
Authors: Saldaris Jacinta M. , Landers Grant J. , Lay Brendan S.
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the effects of menthol swilling and crushed ice ingestion on cognitive function, total mood disturbance (TMD), and time to fatigue (TTF). Twelve male long‐distance runners completed three counterbalanced running trials (3 × 30 minutes at 65% VO2peak and a TTF run at 100% VO2peak) in hot, humid conditions (35.3 ± 0.3°C, 59.2 ± 2.5% relative humidity). Trials consisted of precooling with crushed ice ingestion and mid‐cooling by menthol swilling (MIX), precooling with water ingestion and mid‐cooling by menthol swilling (MENTH), and control (CON). Swilling with either 25 mL of menthol solution or placebo occurred upon entry to the heat, at 15‐minute intervals during the run and prior to the TTF run. Core temperature, forehead skin temperature, tympanic temperature, perceived thermal sensation, and TMD were significantly lower with MIX compared with MENTH and CON (P < .05). Thirst was satiated in MIX compared with CON; however, MENTH did not have a significant effect. After 90 minutes of running and post‐TTF run, fewer errors occurred in the executive control task (P < .05), as well as decision‐making and working memory (P > .05; d = 0.5‐0.79) between MIX and CON; however, MENTH had no effect compared with CON. The TTF run was significantly longer with MENTH (34.38%; P = .02) and MIX (39.06%; P = .001) compared with CON, with no difference between MENTH and MIX (P = .618). The physical reduction in core and internal head temperature seen with crushed ice ingestion may lead to improvements in cognitive function; however, both MENTH and MIX were sufficient for improving exercise performance.
The novel HLA‐A*26:01:64 allele, identified by next‐generation sequencing in a bone marrow donor of Bashkir origin
Authors: Khamaganova Ekaterina , Leonov Evgeny , Abdrakhimova Alena , Gaponova Tatiana , Savchenko Valeriy
Published: December 2019

HLA‐A*26:01:64 has one nucleotide difference from HLA‐A*26:01: 01:01 at gDNA position 989 (G→A).
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James
Published: December 2019

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1Agboola O. Paul Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAmany Albert, Beni-Suef University, EgyptAmin Ali Almubar, University of El Imam Al mahdi, SudanAurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesEnzo Loner, University of Trento, ItalyFernando Aragón-Durand, National Autonomous University of Mexico, MexicoJuanita GOICOVICI, University Babeș-Bolyai of Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMickey Langlais, University of Nebraska – Kearney, USAMohamed Mehdi Jelassi, IHEC Carthage, TunisiaNadarajah Pushparajah, University of Jaffna, Sri LankaOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education, Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRiam Elmorshedy, South Valley University, EgyptRonaldo R. Larioque, NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PhilippinesUğur DEMİRCİ, Turkish National Police, TurkeyYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China/AustraliaYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Comparative Study of Statistical Analysis Methods for Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Responses of Offshore Structures
Authors: Lim Dong-Hyun , Kim Yonghwan
Published: December 2019

The present study compares the statistical analysis methods for nonlinear hydrodynamic responses in offshore engineering. In particular, the Kac–Siegert and Hermite-moment methods were compared for estimating the probability distribution of the second-order responses represented via the two-term Volterra series. The Kac–Siegert method analytically formulates the probability density function (PDF) of the second-order Volterra series using an eigenvalue problem constructed with the frequency-domain transfer functions and the wave spectrum, whereas the Hermite-moment method utilizes the statistical moments to determine the coefficients of the fitting function. In addition, the probability distribution of the peak values in the second-order Volterra series with high spectral bandwidth was derived explicitly. The fatigue damage rate and the extreme response were estimated analytically. The accuracy and applicability of each method were investigated by comparing the methods with the results of the direct sampling obtained from the time series.
New records of Ixodes amarali (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Amazon biome, with description of the male

Authors: Martins Thiago F. , Bernardi Leopoldo F. De O. , Muñoz-leal Sebastián , Marcili Arlei , Labruna Marcelo B.
Published: December 2019

Ixodes amarali Fonseca, 1935 is a tick species endemic to Brazil, where it has been reported only in the Caatinga (semiarid), Cerrado (savannah), and Atlantic forest biomes. While females of I. amarali have been several times collected, the male has remained undescribed. Here we report new collections of larva, nymph, females, and one male of I. amarali from the Pará State, northern Brazil, which constitute the first records of this tick species in the Amazon biome. The male of I. amarali is morphologically described. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were generated from the single male and one female of I. amarali from the Amazon biome. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from 16S rRNA partial sequences showed that I. amarali (male and female) from Amazon grouped with a sequence of I. amarali from southeastern Brazil. These three sequences clustered into a monophyletic group with sequences of Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899, Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940, and Ixodes schulzei Aragão and Fonseca, 1951, which constitute the so-called “I. loricatus group”. Morphological characters to separate the male of I. amarali from I. loricatus, and I. luciae are provided.
Impact of leaflet trichomes on settlement and oviposition of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in African and South American tomatoes

Authors: Savi P. J. , De Moraes G. J. , Boiça Junior A. L. , Melville C. C. , Carvalho R. F. , Lourenção A. L. , Andrade D. J.
Published: December 2019

Red spider mite (Tetranychus evansi) is considered one of the main tomato pests in Africa. As an alternative to chemical control, the use of pest-resistant cultivars has been considered a desirable and environment-friendly choice. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the influence of trichomes on settlement and oviposition preferences of T. evansi in African tomato varieties, besides comparing them to South American wild tomato species. First, free- and no-choice laboratory tests were carried out to investigate settlement and oviposition preferences of females on leaflets of two South American wild tomato species (Solanum pennellii LA-716 and S. habrochaites var. hirsutum PI134417) and five  African tomato varieties (S. lycopersicum cv. Kekefo, Akikon, TLCV15, Tounvi, and TOML4), the latter are widely grown in Benin. Thereafter, leaf trichome types were determined and densities were estimated and then correlated to numbers of settled females and laid eggs on leaflets of each assessed genotype. According to our findings, females strongly preferred to settle and oviposit on African varieties rather than on South American genotypes. Regarding trichome density, non-glandular type Va showed significant positive correlations with both studied parameters, with the highest amounts in African genotypes. Conversely, glandular trichome density (mainly types I, IV, and VI) presented significant negative correlations with preference indicators, with the largest densities in South American species. The high density of non-glandular trichomes on leaflets of the varieties Akikon, Tounvi, Kekefo, TOML4, and TLCV15 might have been one of the causes of preference of T. evansi females.
Simplified patterning process for the selective 1D ZnO nanorods growth
Authors: Geng Yulin , Jeronimo Karina , Bin Che Mahzan Muhammad Ammar , Lomax Peter , Mastropaolo Enrico , Cheung Rebecca
Published: December 2019

A novel patterning method for the selective growth of ZnO nanorods has been developed, which can avoid any etching steps and longtime lift-off processes. In the simplified process, the deposition of a titanium buffer layer is omitted, and a 50 nm ZnO thin-film seed layer is deposited by e-beam evaporation directly onto the silicon patterned with the photoresist. The omitted titanium buffer layer has been observed to result in the absence of the ZnO seed layer on the photoresist. Then, the ZnO nanorods with diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm have been found to grow hydrothermally only on the regions without the photoresist. The photoresist remains on the substrate after the hydrothermal growth, which can protect areas from the polluted solution and unwanted nanorods. After all processes, the photoresist can be removed easily by the solvent without any unwanted damage of nanorods. With this simplified method, ZnO nanorods can be synthesized and patterned with only one step of lithography, which can be used for novel ZnO based devices.
Navigation-assisted endonasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression in fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Thota Ramya , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Rajeev , Jat Bhinyaram
Published: December 2019

A 12-year-old girl presented with left-sided decreased vision of 2-month duration. Clinical evaluation and imaging revealed fibrous dysplasia compressing the left optic nerve with no underlying endocrinological abnormalities. Best-corrected visual acuity showed progressive deterioration of vision over 2-month follow-up. She underwent navigation-assisted endonasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression. Post-surgery there was improvement in vision and it became normal (6/6). Six-month follow-up showed stable vision with no further complications.
Type VI choledochal cyst with gall bladder carcinoma
Authors: Vishwanath Reddych Venkata , Kumar Ashok , Aggarwal Manas , Kurdia Kailash Chand
Published: December 2019

An isolated dilatation of the cystic duct (type VI choledochal cyst (CDC)) is extremely rare with only 21 cases reported in the world literature until now. There is only one case of in situ gall bladder cancer (GBC) reported in association with type VI CDC in the literature. Here we are reporting a case of type VI CDC with papillary GBC.
Postpartum femoral neuropathy: managing the next pregnancy
Authors: Rowland Cathy , Kane Daniel , Eogan Maeve
Published: December 2019

A 34-year-old primiparous woman presented in spontaneous labour and had an unassisted vaginal birth of a 3.5 kg infant. Postnatally, the patient experienced lower limb weakness and was unable to mobilise unassisted. A diagnosis of postpartum femoral neuropathy was made. Full recovery of normal motor function was not achieved until 5 months postpartum. She returned in her next pregnancy, seeking advice on how to avoid this complication from reoccurring. It was decided that an elective caesarean section was an appropriate mode of delivery, which she underwent at 39 weeks without complication and without recurrence of the femoral neuropathy.
Selecting Core Outcomes for Randomised Effectiveness trials In Type 2 diabetes (SCORE-IT): a patient and healthcare professional consensus on a core outcome set for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Harman Nicola L , Wilding John P H , Curry Dave , Harris James , Logue Jennifer , Pemberton R John , Perreault Leigh , Thompson Gareth , Tunis Sean , Williamson Paula R
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Heterogeneity in outcomes measured across trials of glucose-lowering interventions for people with type 2 diabetes impacts on the ability to compare findings and may mean that the results have little importance to healthcare professionals and the patients that they care for. The SCORE-IT study (Selecting Core Outcomes for Randomised Effectiveness trials In Type 2 diabetes) has addressed this issue by establishing consensus on the most important outcomes for non-surgical interventions for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods

A comprehensive list of outcomes was developed from registered clinical trials, online patient resources, qualitative literature and long-term studies in the field. This list was then scored in a two-round online Delphi survey completed by healthcare professionals, people with type 2 diabetes, researchers in the field and healthcare policymakers. The results of this online Delphi were discussed and ratified at a face-to-face consensus meeting.

Results

173 people completed both rounds of the online survey (116 people with type 2 diabetes, 37 healthcare professionals, 14 researchers and 6 policymakers), 20 of these attended the consensus meeting (13 people with type 2 diabetes and 7 healthcare professionals). Consensus was reached on 18 core outcomes across five domains, which include outcomes related to diabetes care, quality of life and long-term diabetes-related complications.

Conclusions

Implementation of the core outcome set in future trials will ensure that outcomes of importance to all stakeholders are measured and reported, enhancing the relevance of trial findings and facilitating the comparison of results across trials.
Democratizing innovation through grass-roots entrepreneurship: lessons from efforts to address the opioid epidemic in the United States
Authors: Srinivasan Shriya , Ramadi Khalil B. , Ippolito Andrea , Atun Rifat
Published: December 2019

The nationwide opioid epidemic has substantially impacted economically-depressed regions in the USA. Eastern Appalachia has some of the lowest socioeconomic indicators in the USA and has suffered the highest rate of opioid-related fatality in 2016. Despite devoting considerable federal and state resources towards public health initiatives, the region continued to experience one of the highest death rates and sought alternative approaches to address the opioid crisis. Here, we describe a community-based co-creation initiative that convened diverse sectors and utilised design thinking principles to generate sustainable public health ventures towards addressing the opioid crisis. Participants of diverse backgrounds came together to attack key challenges and developed and implemented solutions, including a mobile application for naloxone delivery and exercise programs for high schools to promote healthy habits. Grassroots innovation efforts catalysed by the event strengthened community engagement and facilitated a sense of agency among participants. Through specific examples of initiatives that were launched, we provide evidence to encourage and highlight the value of healthcare innovation efforts in low-resource settings.
Primary care providers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical abortion: a systematic review
Authors: Subasinghe Asvini K , Deb Seema , Mazza Danielle
Published: December 2019

Background

Despite the availability of medical abortifacients, and their potential use in primary care, only a small proportion of primary healthcare professionals provide medical abortion services. Understanding the perspectives of primary care providers on delivering medical abortion is pertinent to identifying barriers to medical abortion service provision and increasing access for women globally.

Objective

To understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare providers regarding medical abortion services.

Design

Four databases (Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus) were searched using search terms related to medical abortion and primary care. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to appraise the methodological quality of studies included.

Results

Some 22 studies were identified, conducted across 15 countries, comprising 6072 participants. Study participants comprised doctors and residents (n=8), nurses and nursing students (n=5), and pharmacists (n=3) and six studies were conducted with mixed samples of providers. Medical abortion was deemed acceptable by some doctors, but fear of criminal prosecution, in countries where abortion is still restrictive, left doctors and nurses circumspect about providing medical abortion. Pharmacists referred women to other providers with only a small proportion dispensing medical abortifacients. General practitioners, nurses and trainees had mixed knowledge of medical abortion and emphasised the need for training on delivery of medical abortion and dissemination of guidelines. Conversely, pharmacists reported poor knowledge regarding medical abortion regimens and complications.

Conclusions

Increased dissemination of training and resources is pertinent to supporting primary care providers delivering medical abortion services and to increasing access for women on a global scale.
Evaluation of a Level I trauma center provider training in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions using the Behavior Change Counseling Index rated by standardized patients
Authors: Darnell Doyanne , Parker Lea , Engstrom Allison , Fisher Dylan , Diteman Kaylie , Dunn Christopher
Published: December 2019

Background

Traumatic injury requiring hospitalization is common in the USA and frequently related to alcohol consumption. The American College of Surgeons requires that Level I and II verified trauma centers implement universal alcohol screening and brief intervention for injured patients. We examined whether Level I trauma center provider skill in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions improved after training and whether professional role (eg, nursing, social work) and education were associated with these skills.

Methods

We present evaluation data collected as part of training in alcohol brief interventions embedded within a larger clinical trial of a collaborative care intervention targeting posttraumatic stress disorder and related comorbidities. Sixty-five providers from 25 US Level I trauma centers engaged in a 1-day workshop, with 2 hours dedicated to training in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions followed by 6 months of weekly coaching in a collaborative care model. Providers completed standardized patient role-plays prior to and 6 months after the workshop training. The standardized patient actors rated provider quality of alcohol brief interventions immediately after each role-play using the Behavior Change Counseling Index (BECCI), a pragmatic measure designed to assess the quality of behavior change counseling, an adaptation of motivational interviewing suitable for brief healthcare consultations about behavior change.

Results

Seventy-two percent of providers completed both standardized patient role-play assessments. A statistically significant improvement in overall BECCI scores (t(41)=−2.53, p=0.02, Cohen’sd=−0.39) was observed among those providers with available pre–post data. Provider professional role was associated with BECCI scores at pre-training (F(3, 58)=11.25, p<0.01) and post-training (F(3, 41)=8.10, p<0.01).

Discussion

Findings underscore the need for training in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions and suggest that even a modest training helps providers engage in a more patient-centered way during a role-play assessment.

Level of evidence

Level V, therapeutic/care management.
Evaluation of a monochromator with double cylindrical lenses for electron microscopy
Authors: Ogawa Takashi
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a monochromator (MC) with double cylindrical lenses (CLs) is evaluated. The MC achieved an energy resolution of 37 meV with high repeatability and stability. The double CLs realized the coincidence of the beam positions at the exit. The beam profiles were evaluated in a relative manner. Comparing two conditions with or without the MC, the beam kept equivalent sizes and showed sufficiently fine profiles. This is because the first-order aberration was a dominant factor under the experimental condition, where the second-order aberration was canceled by the middle plane symmetry of the MC optics and the beam was limited in small angles by the incident aperture. The experimental results mean that the MC with double CLs functioned properly as designed. The MC has the additional advantage of a simple structure. The results confirm that this MC has a high possibility for application to electron microscopy.
The eRHIC spin rotator and the beam optics of the 400 MeV transfer line to RCS
Authors: Tsoupas Nicholaos , Blaskiewicz Michael , Lovelace Henry , Méot François , Montag Christoph , Ptitsyn Vadim , Ranjbar Vahid , Tepikian Steven , Zhang Wu , Wang Guimei , Wang Erdong , Weng Wu-Tsung , Willeke Ferdinand
Published: December 2019

The 400 MeV LINAC1 of the proposed eRHIC collider1 is the first acceleration stage of the 18 GeV electron accelerator. The second acceleration stage of the electron accelerator is the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), which can increase the energy of the electron bunches to 18 GeV and subsequently extract transfer and inject the 18 GeV electron bunches into the 18 GeV electron Storage Ring (SR) to collide with the hadron bunches of the existing (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)) accelerator. This paper describes the beam optics of the transfer line between the 400 MeV LINAC and the RCS accelerator (LtRCS). The function of the LtRCS line is twofold, first to transfer the electron beam from the exit of the 400 MeV LINAC to the injection point of the RCS1 and second to rotate the stable spin direction of the polarized electrons from the longitudinal direction to the vertical. A detailed description of the constraints to be satisfied by the LtRCS transfer line will be given. A section will also be devoted to discuss the spin rotator2.
Symplectic and self-consistent algorithms for particle accelerator simulation
Authors: Planche Thomas , Jung Paul M.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we review three methods to construct symplectic and self-consistent multiparticle algorithms to simulate space–charge effects in particle accelerators. The first method is based on a discrete multiparticle Hamiltonian with an interaction term that depends explicitly on the coordinates of the macroparticles. The second method derives from Low’s Lagrangian for a collisionless plasma. The third method is based on a corresponding collisionless Hamiltonian. The last two methods have been mostly developed by the plasma physics community, but are equally applicable to accelerator physics problems.
Realizing laminar-like flow in charged bunches with density evolution equations
Authors: Zerbe B. S. , Duxbury P. M.
Published: December 2019

In the ultra-fast electron microscopy community, electron bunches with much smaller longitudinal widths than transverse widths are emitted from the cathode surface. The community has believed that these bunches evolve to a uniform ellipsoid, but recent simulations by our group and others suggest that if the bunch has an initially transverse Gaussian profile, a ring-like density “shock” emerges at the median of the bunch during evolution. To explain these results, we generalized Reed’s 1D fluid model of charged bunch expansion to cylindrical and spherical geometries demonstrating such a shock emerges analytically under these symmetric geometries. Mathematically, the shock in these models occurs when particles more toward the middle “catch-up” to outer particles, and eventually the trajectory of the more central particle crosses-over the outer particle’s trajectory. This cross-over marks the transition from the laminar to nonlaminar regime. However, this theory has been developed for cold-bunches, i.e. bunches of electrons with zero initial momentum. Here, we briefly review this new theory and extend it to the cylindrically- and spherically-symmetric cases that have nonzero initial momentum. This formulation elucidates how charge-dominated bunches may be manipulated to maintain laminar conditions even through focussing of the bunch.
Channeling and radiation experiments at SLAC
Authors: Wienands U. , Gessner S. , Hogan M. J. , Markiewicz T. , Smith T. , Sheppard J. , Uggerhøj U. I. , Nielsen C. F. , Wistisen T. , Bagli E. , Bandiera L. , Germogli G. , Mazzolari A. , Guidi V. , Sytov A. , Holtzapple R. L. , McArdle K. , Tucker S. , Benson B. ,   The SLAC T513–E212–T523 Collaboration
Published: December 2019

Since 2014, a SLAC-Aarhus-Ferrara-CalPoly collaboration augmented by members of ANL and MIT has performed electron and positron channeling experiments using bent silicon crystals at the SLAC End Station A Test Beam as well as the FACET accelerator test facility. These experiments have revealed a remarkable channeling efficiency of about 24% under our conditions. Volume reflection is even more efficient with almost the whole beam taking part in the reflection process. A positron experiment demonstrated quasi-channeling oscillations for the first time at high beam energy. In our most recent experiment we measured the spectrum of gamma radiation for crystal orientations covering channeling and volume reflection. This series of experiments supports the development of more advanced crystalline devices capable e.g. of producing narrow-band gamma rays with electron beams or studying the interaction of the electrons with the wakefields generated in the crystal at high beam intensity.
Experience with crystals at Fermilab accelerators
Authors: Shiltsev V. D.
Published: December 2019

Crystals were used at Fermilab accelerators for slow extraction and halo collimation in the Tevatron collider, and for channeling radiation generation experiments at the FAST electron linac facility. Here we overview past experience and major outcomes of these studies and discuss opportunities for new crystal acceleration R&D program.
Elliptic genera andq-series development in analysis, string theory, andN=2 superconformal field theory
Authors: Bonora L. , Bytsenko A. A. , Chaichian M. , Gonçalves A. E.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we examine the Ruelle-type spectral functions [Formula: see text], which define an overall description of the content of the work. We investigate the Gopakumar–Vafa reformulation of the string partition functions, describe the [Formula: see text] Landau–Ginzburg model in terms of Ruelle-type spectral functions. Furthermore, we discuss the basic properties satisfied by elliptic genera in [Formula: see text] theories, construct the functional equations for [Formula: see text], and analyze the modular transformation laws for the elliptic genus of the Landau–Ginzburg model and study their properties in details.
The softening effect during electrochemical drawing of AISI 1070 steel wire
Authors: Zhao Dong , Yu Biao , Liu Binbin , Ye Feng
Published: December 2019

Drawing deformation behaviors of AISI 1070 steel in conventional lubrication and electrochemical environments were compared. The anodic polarization in the electrochemical drawing not only decreases much the deformation resistance but also eliminates the work hardening. This can only be attributed to the reaction on the surface of the wire before it passes through the die. This chemomechanical effect, which is governed by surface dissolution rate, facilitates dislocation slip and permits a much smooth high speed drawing. It was a promising technology for the forming of brittle hard metal materials.
Interaction analysis of systolic blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic retinopathy: A Chinese sample
Authors: Meng Xiangying , Zhang Yuanhao , Kong Qing , Lv Yubao , Hu Hailin , Chen Tao , Tang Zihui
Published: December 2019

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate (1) the association of blood pressure (BP) profiles and glucose profiles with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and (2) the interaction between BP profiles and glucose profiles in DR in a Chinese sample.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 984 DR patients. Demographic data, BP profiles, glucose profiles, renal function parameters, and medical histories were recorded. All the participants underwent testing for DR with digital nonmydriatic fundus photography and image analysis, using a standardized protocol. A multiple variable logistic regression (MLR) was employed to detect the associations and interactions of BP profiles and glucose profiles with DR.

Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly correlated with DR ([Formula: see text] for SBP, [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] for HbA1c, [Formula: see text]). An interaction between SBP and HbA1c was detected in a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model after adjustment for relevant potential confounders ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]).

Conclusion: The present study suggested that SBP and HbA1c were independently and significantly associated with DR and that SBP interacted with HbA1c to impact on DR.
The Üstikuddus sherbiti in the treatment of abnormal cold and dry-type depression patients with comorbid anxiety: A randomized and controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gul Aman , Memtily Nassirhadjy , Mijit Pirdun , Imin Mihriban , Rui Hua , Wushuer Palidan , Talifu Ainiwaer
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of Üstikuddus sherbiti (US), a traditional herbal prescription of Uyghur medicine, in the treatment of cold and dry-type major depression disorder (MDD) patients with comorbid anxiety.

Methods: A total of 150 cold and dry-type depressive patients with comorbid anxiety were randomly divided into three groups of 50 patients; then they were, respectively, treated with US, modern medicine Fluoxetine, and the combination of Fluoxetine and US. The depression degrees of patients were evaluated zero and six weeks after the treatment based on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), in the clinical study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect significant differences at various time points or among the three groups. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 21.0.

Results: The main results are as follows: After taking the medicine, the depressive condition of patients with comorbid anxiety in the three groups was getting better with the passage of time; particularly, the clinical efficacy of US combined with Fluoxetine was significantly improved, indicating that the effect of combined treatment is better than treatment with pure Fluoxetine or pure US treatment. Statistical difference exists between the end time point within groups, but not among the three groups. Moreover, in the detection process of the patient’s physical indicators, no obvious side effects were found. These results together suggested that US can strengthen the curative effect of modern medicine in the treatment of depression, which would lay a foundation for studying the molecular mechanism and potential target of US.

Conclusion: Fluoxetine and US combination therapy played a significant role in the treatment of depressive symptoms, suggesting that it can improve the curative effect of depression. The study provided a new way of thinking to clarify the US molecular mechanism for the treatment of depression and potential target.
Reproductive Outcomes of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Following In-Vitro Fertilization — A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Tan I-Ferne , Lim Audrey J. R. , Indran Inthrani R. , Kramer Michael S. , Yong Eu-Leong
Published: December 2019

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of infertility in women. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is required in 20–30% of women with PCOS trying to conceive. This is associated with increased risk of multiple gestation and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Improvements in IVF techniques, safety standards, and the increased use of frozen embryos in recent years have lead to improved outcomes for women with PCOS. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare these outcomes with women without PCOS.

Search Methods: A search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials, and Scopus databases for all articles published until November 16th, 2017 identified 21 studies comparing IVF outcomes in PCOS and non-PCOS women. Inclusion criteria were Rotterdam criteria PCOS, comparable IVF regimes, immediate IVF outcomes, and pregnancy outcomes. Studies were excluded if the control group included any PCOS criteria, donor oocytes, or in-vitro maturation.

Outcomes: No difference was observed in live birth rate per cycle in women with vs. without PCOS (RR [Formula: see text] 1.01 [0.89, 1.16]; [Formula: see text] 82%), but the live birth rate per first cycle in PCOS cycles (RR [Formula: see text] 0.93 [0.88, 0.99]) was slightly lower. There was also no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.17]) or biochemical pregnancy rate (RR 1.03 [0.99, 1.08]) observed between the two groups. PCOS was associated with a significantly higher number of oocytes retrieved (mean difference [Formula: see text] 3.6; 95% CI [2.8, 4.4]), risk of miscarriage (RR 2.90 [2.09, 4.02]), and risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (RR 3.42 [2.28, 5.13]) per cycle.

Conclusion: Despite a widespread perception of poor reproductive potential, women with PCOS experience IVF outcomes similar to those without PCOS. Although there is a slightly lower live birth rate during their first stimulation cycle, success rates are similar after multiple cycles. PCOS is associated with a higher risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Further studies are required to mitigate this risk.
GTSE1, CDC20, PCNA, and MCM6 Synergistically Affect Regulations in Cell Cycle and Indicate Poor Prognosis in Liver Cancer
Authors: Zheng Yongchang , Shi Yue , Yu Si , Han Yuanyuan , Kang Kai , Xu Haifeng , Gu Huajian , Sang Xinting , Chen Yang , Wang Jingyu
Published: December 2019

GTSE1 is well correlated with tumor progression; however, little is known regarding its role in liver cancer prognosis. By analyzing the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) datasets in GEO and TCGA databases, we showed that high expression of GTSE1 was correlated with advanced pathologic stage and poor prognosis of HCC patients. To investigate underlying molecular mechanism, we generated GTSE1 knockdown HCC cell line and explored the effects of GTSE1 deficiency in cell growth. Between GTSE1 knockdown and wild-type HCC cells, we identified 979 differentially expressed genes (520 downregulated and 459 upregulated genes) in the analysis of microarray-based gene expression profiling. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs suggested that S phase was dysregulated without GTSE1 expression, which was further verified from flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, three other DEGs: CDC20, PCNA, and MCM6, were also found contributing to GTSE1-related cell cycle arrest and to be associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients. In conclusion, GTSE1, together with CDC20, PCNA, and MCM6, may synergistically promote adverse prognosis in HCC by activating cell cycle. Genes like GTSE1, CDC20, PCNA, and MCM6 may be promising prognostic molecular biomarkers in liver cancer.
Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Single-Shot Multibox Detector Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Xiangxiang , Cui Haiting , Li Shanshan , Yuan Yafei
Published: December 2019

Hand gesture recognition is an intuitive and effective way for humans to interact with a computer due to its high processing speed and recognition accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach to identify hand gestures in complex scenes by the Single-Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) deep learning algorithm with 19 layers of a neural network. A benchmark database with gestures is used, and general hand gestures in the complex scene are chosen as the processing objects. A real-time hand gesture recognition system based on the SSD algorithm is constructed and tested. The experimental results show that the algorithm quickly identifies humans’ hands and accurately distinguishes different types of gestures. Furthermore, the maximum accuracy is 99.2%, which is significantly important for human-computer interaction application.