bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the impact of varying low‐level laser dose on cardiac failure
Authors: Luiz Antonio Ednei , de Oliveira Helenita Antonia , Albuquerque‐Pontes Gianna Móes , Teixeira Ighor Luiz Azevedo , Yoshizaki Amanda Pereira , dos Santos Luis Felipe Neves , Leal‐Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto , Tucci Paulo José Ferreira , Serra Andrey Jorge
Published: August 2024

Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been targeted as a promising tool that can mitigate post‐infarction cardiac remodeling. However, there is no gold standard energy delivered to the heart and few studies have evaluated the impact of LLLT on cardiac performance. This study evaluated effects of repeated LLLT applications with different energies delivered to the infarcted myocardium. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were applied to evaluate left ventricular (LV) performance in rats with large infarcts. ELISA, Western blot and biochemical assays were used to assess LV inflammation and oxidative stress. An 830‐nm Laser Photon III semiconductor aluminum gallium arsenide diode (DMC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) was applied transthoracically three times a week for 4 weeks based on the energy (i.e., 10J, 20J, and 40J; respectively). LLLT on 10J and 20J had a similar action in attenuating pulmonary congestion and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, 10J and 20J attenuated LV end‐diastolic pressure and improved +dP/dt and −dP/dt. All LLLT groups had lower levels of inflammatory mediators, but only the 10J group had normalized oxidative stress. All LLLT doses improved superoxide dismutase levels; however, only the 20J group showed a high content of the catalase. There was a lower level of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a in the infarcted myocardium, which it was normalized in the 20J and 40J groups. A higher phospholamban content was found in the 10J group. This study supports the beneficial LLLT role post‐infarction. Apparently, the 10J and 20J doses show to be chosen for clinical translation.
Dual superordinate identities in Sweden's vulnerable neighborhoods: Stronger local and national identities associated with increases in institutional and interpersonal trust
Authors: Sohlberg Jacob , Esaiasson Peter
Published: August 2024

A superordinate identity that emphasizes the shared bond between people of different groups can have beneficial outcomes according to the theoretical argument of the common ingroup identity model. Unlike previous research that focuses on a single superordinate identity, we simultaneously study two superordinate identities: local identity (identification with the neighborhood) and national identity (identification with the country of residence). Our study is set in two ethnically heterogenous and low‐income neighborhoods in Sweden. Based on four waves of panel survey data, we find that both types of superordinate identities are associated with increases in interpersonal and institutional trust. The identities have distinct consequences, however. Local identity is related to local trust and national identity to national trust. These results are based on within‐individual variation. Since high trust generally has a range of positive consequences, our results point to an approach at improving communities that are often in much need of it. We observe low correlation between the two superordinate identities and high convergent and discriminant validity of the concepts. Our results may be relevant to similar neighborhoods that exist across Europe.
Medicalization in Global Context: Current Insights, Pressing Questions, and Future Directions Through the Case of ADHD
Authors: Bergey Meredith
Published: August 2024

Recent decades have witnessed the increased emergence and global application of medicalized meanings and practices related to mental health, with cases of contestation, adoption, as well as resistance observed. Such globalization raises a number of important sociological questions about the nature and consequences of such practices, as well as what they might mean for the changing nature of medicalization. Focusing on a classic case within medicalization studies, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, this paper reviews existing insights on medicalization and mental health diagnosis and treatment in global context, future lines of inquiry, and related challenges.
Nonphotochemical quenching kinetics GWAS in sorghum identifies genes that may play conserved roles in maize and Arabidopsis thaliana photoprotection
Authors: Sahay Seema , Shrestha Nikee , Dias Henrique Moura , Mural Ravi V. , Grzybowski Marcin , Schnable James C. , Głowacka Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

Photosynthetic organisms must cope with rapid fluctuations in light intensity. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) enables the dissipation of excess light energy as heat under high light conditions, whereas its relaxation under low light maximizes photosynthetic productivity. We quantified variation in NPQ kinetics across a large sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) association panel in four environments, uncovering significant genetic control for NPQ. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) confidently identified three unique regions in the sorghum genome associated with NPQ and suggestive associations in an additional 61 regions. We detected strong signals from the sorghum ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana Suppressor Of Variegation 3 (SVR3) involved in plastid–nucleus signaling. By integrating GWAS results for NPQ across maize (Zea mays) and sorghum‐association panels, we identified a second gene, Non‐yellowing 1 (NYE1), originally studied by Gregor Mendel in pea (Pisum sativum) and involved in the degradation of photosynthetic pigments in light‐harvesting complexes. Analysis of nye1 insertion alleles in A. thaliana confirmed the effect of this gene on NPQ kinetics in eudicots. We extended our comparative genomics GWAS framework across the entire maize and sorghum genomes, identifying four additional loci involved in NPQ kinetics. These results provide a baseline for increasing the accuracy and speed of candidate gene identification for GWAS in species with high linkage disequilibrium.
Servicification of GVCs through deep service provisions: Uncovering new insights from structural gravity and machine learning
Authors: Sharma Sharadendu , Arora Rahul , Gupta Pralok
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, there has been a notable increase in linkages of services in decoupling global value chains (GVCs) and a surge in regulatory mechanisms embedded in service provisions in trade agreements. Existing literature tried to empirically link the impact of such service provisions on GVC‐related services, but none focused on identifying relevant service provisions. This study is a novel attempt in this direction using a machine learning algorithm augmented in gravity modelling. Building on the identified service provisions, the study quantifies their impact on GVC‐related services conditioned on the countries' income levels. The study also conducts the general equilibrium analysis by simulating a scenario incorporating identified service provisions in the India‐ASEAN trade agreement. The analysis finds that few service provisions exist that enhance the share of foreign service inputs in manufacturing exports of the countries involved in GVC‐related service participation. Moreover, the impact is heterogeneous regarding benefits to the developing countries as a destination of service‐value added. Finally, the study shows that introducing selected service provisions in existing trade agreements can potentially increase welfare and service trade.
Assistive Technology for Real-Time Fall Prevention During Walking: Evaluation of the Effect of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis
Authors: Yamamoto Rieko , Itami Sho , Kawabata Masashi , Morimura Kohei , Shiraishi Toshihiko
Published: August 2024

We present an intelligent foot orthosis (IFO) designed to prevent lateral falls during walking by employing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating effectiveness of the proposed orthosis in fall prevention. Seventeen healthy adults underwent four conditions: (1) without IFO, (2) with IFO and current-OFF, (3) with IFO current-ON, and (4) with IFO and control-ON. Gait was assessed by three-dimensional motion capture and with ground reaction force. Postural changes on the frontal plane were measured, and the mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure inclination angle (ML COG-COP IA) was calculated. Additionally, tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during walking were measured using surface electromyography. Results indicate a significant increase in ML COG-COP IA in (3). No significant differences were found in muscle activity between conditions. The study suggests that the posture's deviation from the lateral fall direction in (3) is primarily due to wearing the IFO, emphasizing human postural control over muscle activity. A negative correlation between ML COG-COP IA and TA muscle activity under (4), implies that individuals with lower TA muscle activity may benefit more from IFO fall prevention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of preventing lateral falls in human walking using the proposed orthosis with an MR fluid brake. The general efficacy of the orthosis in lateral fall prevention is suggested, emphasizing the need for further development.
Effects of Tire Attributes on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Generic Car–Tire Assembly
Authors: Rath Shubham , Untaroiu Alexandrina
Published: August 2024

The effect of tires on the overall aerodynamic drag in a car–tire assembly has been studied and deemed considerable from past studies. It has been shown that it is important to understand how the vehicle body and the tires influence the flow structures generated. Previous studies focused on the tire attributes that have an impact on the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. These tire attributes, however, have not been studied extensively. This paper studies the impact that specific tire attributes have on the overall aerodynamic drag on the vehicle through a systematic sensitivity study. In this study, the DrivAer model is used due to the extensive research that has been done on the model. A baseline computational fluid dynamics model of the tire–vehicle assembly of the DrivAer model is simulated using ansysfluent in the open road domain to understand the flow structures around the body of the vehicle. Simulations are done on the fastback configuration of the DrivAer model with a smooth underbody. Coefficient of drag and coefficient of pressure results from the simulation are validated from experimental data. Data from the simulations and design of experiments are used to quantitatively compare the drag contribution of different parameters of the tire. The sensitivity analysis of the tire–vehicle assembly model performed gives a better insight into the modeling techniques that can be used on a car–tire assembly, as well as the impact of the parameters that could be selected for future tire model optimization.
Cretaceous magnetostratigraphy of the southern Simao Basin, SE Tibetan Plateau, and its paleogeographic implications
Authors: Zhang Dawen , Yan Maodu , Fang Xiaomin , Zhang Weilin , Shen Miaomiao , Song Chunhui
Published: August 2024

Precise stratigraphic chronology is the basis of many studies (e.g., tectonic, paleoclimate, and mineralization) in geoscience. Here, we carried out a detailed youngest detrital zircon U-Pb age-constrained magnetostratigraphic study on the middle-lower parts of a 2309-m-thick Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sequence from west Jiangcheng in the southern Simao Basin, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. A total of 2262 paleomagnetic samples were collected for magnetostratigraphy, and five siltstone/sandstone samples were collected for detrital zircon U-Pb analyses. Progressive thermal and alternating field demagnetizations isolated 1575 well-defined interpreted primary characteristic remanent magnetization directions, which yielded 25 normal polarity (N7–N31) and 25 reverse polarity (R8–R32) magnetozones. The interpreted maximum depositional ages calculated using the youngest detrital zircon U-Pb dates are 159.0 Ma, 154.0 Ma, 161.0 Ma, 149.3 Ma, and 139.5 Ma for the stratigraphic horizons at 2303 m, 1986 m, 1600 m, 1350 m, and 1110 m, respectively, in the section. Together with the previous magnetostratigraphic results of the upper part of the section, the observed polarity zones are best correlated with chrons C34n–M17r of the geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS2012), yielding magnetostratigraphic age estimates of ca. 143.5 Ma to ca. 65.0 Ma for the entire stratigraphic sequence. Paleogeographic analysis shows that the Simao Basin was in a low-latitude offshore environment during the Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous (before 142.3 Ma), a dominant fluvial environment during the early–middle Early Cretaceous (142.3–111.5 Ma), with widespread desertification at the end of this period, a saline lake sedimentary environment during the late Early Cretaceous–early Late Cretaceous (111.5–88.7 Ma), and a fluvial environment during the late Late Cretaceous (88.7–65.0 Ma). The changes in depositional environment are consistent with regional/global tectonic and paleoclimate changes, such as the dismission of Pangea, the termination of the megamonsoon, and the closure of the Meso-Tethys Ocean.
Pedunculated eccrine poromas on non-acral sites
Authors: Kanagarajan Amuthavalli , Srinivasan Harshitha , Rajeswaran Priyadarshini Kumaraswamy
Published: August 2024

A woman in her mid-50s, a patient with metastatic right breast carcinoma, postradical mastectomy and chemoradiation on hormonal therapy, presented with asymptomatic reddish lesions over the neck and trunk. Cutaneous examination revealed three discrete pedunculated, non-tender, firm erythematous growths with smooth surfaces over the neck, chest and abdomen. Histopathological examination was done with the differentials of pyogenic granuloma, haemangioma, giant acrochordon and vascular metastasis, revealing the diagnosis of eccrine poroma (EP). The remaining lesions were removed by electrocautery with no relapse till 1 year of follow-up. EP is a rare benign neoplasm arising from the acrosyringium that commonly presents as solitary, sessile or pedunculated asymptomatic papules or nodules over the palms and soles. Here we report the rare occurrence of multiple pedunculated EPs on a non-acral site in a patient who received chemoradiotherapy, which clinically mimicked pyogenic granuloma and vascular metastases. Thus, emphasising the importance of considering EP as a differential in lesions with vascular morphology.
Reported community engagement in health equity research published in high-impact medical journals: a scoping review
Authors: Medeiros Priscilla , Shetty Janavi , Lamaj Luiza , Cunningham Jessie , Wanigaratne Susitha , Guttmann Astrid , Cohen Eyal
Published: August 2024

Objective

To assess reported community engagement in the design and conduct of health equity-focused articles published in high-impact journals.

Design

Scoping review follows guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.

Data sources

We selected the three highest-ranked journals from the ‘Medicine—General and Internal’ category including the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) along with all journals under their family of subspecialty journals (JAMA Network, The Lancet Group and the NEJM Group). Ovid MEDLINE was searched between 1 January 2021 to 22 September 2022.

Eligibility criteria

We included health equity-focused articles and assessed for the reporting of community engagement at each stage of the research process.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted data from articles that met the inclusionary criteria. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa to measure the agreement between two independent reviewers. Disagreements were adjudicated by a third independent reviewer.

Results

7616 articles were screened, 626 (8.2%) met our inclusion criteria: 457 (3.8%) were published by the JAMA Network; 167 (2.4%) by The Lancet Group; and 2 (0.2%) by the NEJM group. Most articles were from USA (68.4%) and focused on adult populations (57.7%). The majority of the articles focused on the topic of race/ethnicity (n=176, 28.1%), socioeconomic status (n=114, 18.2%) or multiple equity topics (n=111, 17.7%). The use of community engagement approaches was reported in 97 (15.5%) articles, of which 13 articles (13.4%) reported engagement at all stages. The most common form of reported engagement was in the acknowledgement or additional contribution section (n=86, 88.7%).

Conclusions

Community engagement is infrequently reported in health equity-focused research published in high-impact medical journals.
External validation of serum biomarkers predicting short-term and mid/long-term relapse in patients with Crohn’s disease stopping infliximab
Authors: Pierre Nicolas , Huynh-Thu Vân Anh , Baiwir Dominique , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Fléron Maximilien , Trzpiot Lisette , Eppe Gauthier , De Pauw Edwin , Laharie David , Satsangi Jack , Bossuyt Peter , Vuitton Lucine , Vieujean Sophie , Colombel Jean-Frédéric , Meuwis Marie-Alice , Louis Edouard
Published: August 2024

Objective

In patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) on combination therapy (infliximab and immunosuppressant) and stopping infliximab (cohort from the study of infliximab diSconTinuation in CrOhn’s disease patients in stable Remission on combined therapy with Immunosuppressors (STORI)), the risk of short-term (≤6 months) and mid/long-term relapse (>6 months) was associated with distinct blood protein profiles. Our aim was to test the external validity of this finding in the SPARE cohort (A proSpective Randomized Controlled Trial comParing infliximAb-antimetabolites Combination Therapy to Anti-metabolites monotheRapy and Infliximab monothErapy in Crohn's Disease Patients in Sustained Steroid-free Remission on Combination Therapy).

Design

In SPARE, patients with CD in sustained steroid-free clinical remission and on combination therapy were randomly allocated to three arms: continuing combination therapy, stopping infliximab or stopping immunosuppressant. In the baseline serum of the STORI and SPARE (arm stopping infliximab) cohorts, we studied 202 immune-related proteins. The proteins associated with time to relapse (univariable Cox model) were compared between STORI and SPARE. The discriminative ability of biomarkers (individually and combined in pairs) was evaluated by the c-statistic (concordance analysis) which was compared with C-reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin and a previously validated model (CEASE).

Results

In STORI and SPARE, distinct blood protein profiles were associated with the risk of short-term (eg, high level: CRP, haptoglobin, interleukin-6, C-type lectin domain family 4 member C) and mid/long-term relapse (eg, low level: Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, kallistatin, fibroblast growth factor 2). At external validation, the top 10 biomarker pairs showed a higher c-statistic than the CEASE model, CRP and faecal calprotectin in predicting short-term (0.76–0.80 vs 0.74 vs 0.71 vs 0.69, respectively) and mid/long-term relapse (0.66–0.68 vs 0.61 vs 0.52 vs 0.59, respectively).

Conclusion

In patients with CD stopping infliximab, we confirm that the risk of short-term and mid/long-term relapse is associated with distinct blood protein profiles showing the potential to guide infliximab withdrawal.

Trial registration number

NCT00571337andNCT02177071.
The unnecessary ‘more’—compared to ROPA: a reply to Mangione
Authors: Zhou Jolie
Published: August 2024

In her recent paper, Emanuele Mangione proposes combining maternal spindle transfer (MST) and reciprocal effortless in vitro fertilisation (ReIVF) to enable both females to have genetic and gestational ties with the same child, which can particularly benefit lesbian couples. This response rejects Mangione’s proposal for the reason that the additional biological ties created by MST+ReIVF, compared with the reception of oocytes from partner (ROPA), are unnecessary. ROPA is currently the most effective method for redistributing biological ties within lesbian couples, allowing one member to provide the egg and the other to carry the fetus. The additional biological ties created by MST+ReIVF are quantitatively too small to significantly enhance parental bonding or couple relationships, and their potential harms to both prospective parents and children outweigh any minor benefits. Furthermore, like ROPA, MST+ReIVF fails to address deeper feminist concerns. Therefore, I propose a new idea: combining in vitro gametogenesis with ectogenesis, which can offer far more reproductive choices and greater potential to address deeper feminist concerns than MST+ReIVF.
GNN-Based Reverse Engineering Protection Using Obfuscation Through Electromagnetic Interference
Authors: Stark William , Wang Lei , Chen Shuai , Luo Yuebo
Published: August 2024

To combat PCB design reverse engineering and protect intellectual property, a method of obfuscation is developed. Noise generating traces are placed alongside the true circuit, separated by false non-conductive vias visually indistinguishable from regular ones. If the false vias are copied as real conductive vias in illegitimate replications, signals will be distorted, leading to poor performance. The deliberate placement of the generators separated by false vias is tested using a machine learning algorithm (MLA) employing a signal integrity database to determine the most vulnerable traces in the PCB based on their physical properties and interconnections.
Evaluation of Dynamic and Static Balance Ability of Athletes Based on Computer Vision Technology
Authors: Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of computer and Internet technology, using computer vision technology to evaluate the dynamic and static balance ability of athletes has become a research hotspot. This study combines the theory of functional training of human muscle groups and delves into the relationship between body function training and dynamic and static balance ability. By developing a computer vision-based algorithm, we successfully evaluated the dynamic and static balance abilities of athletes. To verify the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm, we used simulation training experiments and comparative analysis methods. The simulation training experiment simulated the dynamic and static balance training of athletes in a real environment, and quantitatively evaluated their balance ability through this algorithm. In addition, we also compared the changes in balance ability of athletes before and after receiving functional training to verify the effectiveness of functional training in improving balance ability. The results of these validation methods all demonstrate good consistency and accuracy, further confirming the correctness of the research results on the dynamic and static balance ability of athletes based on functional training. This study not only provides new tools and methods for athlete balance training, but also a beneficial attempt for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of sports.
Driving a small particle to rotate by exerting the drag force of a fluid: A high accuracy computational study
Authors: Ghasemi S. E. , Vahidi J. , Zolfagharian Ali
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a computational method called the AGM technique is applied to solve the governing equations of a physical problem. This problem is related to the analysis of the motion of a spherical particle under the influences of a fluid flow. After solving the nonlinear equations using the Akbari–Ganji Method (AGM), the precision of outcomes is evaluated by comparing them with the numerical technique. The AGM demonstrates approximations with high accuracy to obtain the analytical solutions to the present problem. The results show that the velocity profiles have different trends with the increase of time, so the radial velocity decreases with time, still, the angular velocity increases with the increase of time.
A complexity view of atmospheric particulate matter concentration
Authors: Estavillo Simone Astrid , Vallar Edgar , Galvez Maria Cecilia , Ong Prane Mariel , Batac Rene C.
Published: August 2024

We studied the distribution of the annual PM2.5 concentrations of countries and territories as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the last decade using self-reported data from governments and other contributing institutions. The distributions follow various regimes corresponding to the low, intermediate, and high PM2.5 concentrations. The intermediate regime is fitted with a power-law with scaling exponent close to 2.44 and explained from a complexity perspective using a truncated exponential growth model with random truncation growth rates. The self-organization resulting from the interplay between natural and human-induced factors in the atmosphere is deemed to persist despite the gradual evolution of the actual statistical manifestations.
Thank the quantum realm for nothing ever entering into black holes
Authors: Klauder John R. , Fantoni Riccardo
Published: August 2024

While the quantum realm seems hidden, it can also reach examples of infinite energy, especially when a part of space is roughly removed until it disappears, possibly forever. Since it follows that Nothing can enter a region where the space is missing, the quantum realm, as seen now in affine quantization, will automatically come to help everything else by creating colossal “quantum walls” that will ensure that everything stays out of all black holes. In this paper, we show that the expanded quantum realm allows Nothing to ever fall into a black hole.
An Empirical Study of the Impact of Class Overlap on the Performance and Interpretability of Cross-Version Defect Prediction
Authors: Han Hui , Yu Qiao , Zhu Yi , Cheng Shengyi , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2024

The class overlap problem refers to instances from different categories heavily overlapping in the feature space. This issue is one of the challenges in improving the performance of software defect prediction (SDP). Currently, the studies on the impact of class overlap on SDP mainly focused on within-project defect prediction and cross-project defect prediction. Moreover, the existing class overlap instances cleaning methods are not suitable for cross-version defect prediction. In this paper, we propose a class overlap instances cleaning method based on the Ratio of K-nearest neighbors with the Same Label (RKSL). This method removes instances with the abnormal neighbor ratio in the training set. Based on the RKSL method, we investigate the impact of class overlap on the performance and interpretability of the cross-version defect prediction model. The experiment results show that class overlap can affect the performance of cross-version defect prediction models significantly. The RKSL method can handle the class overlap problem in defect datasets, but it may impact the interpretability of models. Through the analysis of feature changes, we consider that class overlap instances cleaning can assist models in identifying more important features.
Vibrations of Arbitrary Thick and Deep Nanocomposite Curved Beams Using a Novel Improved Shear and Normal Deformable Model
Authors: Jiang Rong , Lin Chao , Zhao BaoFeng , Shen YueHui
Published: August 2024

In this research, the equations governing the vibrations of a composite curved beam reinforced with graphene platelets have been solved using a quasi-3D model of the beam. The investigated composite beam is multi-layered, each layer can be reinforced by different amount of graphene platelets, which leads to a functionally-graded distribution of reinforcements. According to the quasi-three-dimensional theory of beams, the effect of thickness stretching and shear strains is included and does not require a shear correction factor. It should be noted that according to the geometry of the assumed beam, deformations and strains are considered small and the structural relations of the material are linear. The governing equations of the curved beam are derived based on Hamilton’s principle after calculating the kinetic and strain energies. The boundary conditions of the beam are assumed to be simply supported on both ends. Therefore, the displacement parameters of the problem have been explained with Navier’s solution method and with the use of Fourier expansions, closed form expressions are obtained as elements of mass and stiffness matrices. The elasticity modulus of the beam is rewritten using the Halpin–Tsai model and Poisson’s ratio and mass density using the rule of mixtures. Finally, the results of each section are presented in the form of tables. First, the results of this research were verified with the existing results, and then new results were introduced to investigate the effective parameters of the problem. These results include the investigation of the distribution of graphene platelets, the effect of the weight percentage of the filler and the geometric properties of the beam. The results of this research on the dynamic response of the beam show that the effects of increasing the volume percentage of graphene, even to a small extent, can be seen in increasing the natural frequency of the curved beam.
Bridge Profile and Vehicle Property Determination Using Vehicle Fleet Monitoring Concept
Authors: Ren Yifei , Feng Kun , OBrien Eugene J. , Li Wanheng , He Haifang
Published: August 2024

Over the past 20 years, drive-by monitoring, using data from sensors in passing vehicles, has become increasingly popular due to its low cost and high efficiency at a network level. Despite significant advances, the dynamics of vehicles remains one of the main challenges to overcome before accurately identifying critical information about the infrastructure being crossed, bridges or road pavements. This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating bridge profiles (i.e. road surface profiles on the bridges) and vehicle properties using a fleet of passing vehicles. In this method, bridge profiles are first calculated using the innovative Inverse Newmark-beta integration method, and the cross-entropy optimization algorithm is employed to solve the problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach is highly effective in extracting bridge profiles and predicting vehicle properties, even in scenarios with significant levels of measurement noise.
Static Bending, Free Vibration Responses and Multi-Objective Optimization of Pyramidal Lattice Sandwich Plates
Authors: Wang Haoran , Liu Kang , Li Mengzhen
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the bending, dynamic responses and multi-objective optimization of the pyramidal lattice sandwich plate are studied. Initially, the paper calculates the equivalent elasticity moduli and equivalent shearing moduli of pyramid lattice core. Then, the kinematic relations between the plate and the pyramid grid core are established by using the improved FSDT. The governing differential equations and the conditions for boundaries are deduced from the Hamilton principle, and solved by using Navier’s method. To validate that the theoretical model is accurate, the paper compares the center deflection and natural frequency derived from theoretical calculations with the experimental and finite element results. In detail, this paper studies the influence of the number of single cells, thickness ratio, and lattice rod radius on the bending and free vibration behavior. Then, the key elements are chosen as design parameters. Next, the space of design variables is explored using the hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm to find Pareto optimal solutions. The optimum number of single cells, thickness ratio and radius of the pyramid lattice sandwich plates are finally derived to satisfy the conflicting desired objectives of maximizing natural frequency and minimizing center displacement and mass. The results show that the proposed equivalent model can predict the static bending and dynamic responses of pyramidal lattice sandwich plate well. In order to satisfy maximizing natural frequency and minimizing center displacement and mass, different Pareto optimal solutions are given for different design options by using the hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm.
An Empirical Spatiotemporal Input Model for Regional Seismic Ground Motions
Authors: Wang Huiwei , Xu Longhe , Xie Xingsi , Zhang Ge
Published: August 2024

The development of the economy and technology has attracted greater attention to regional seismic resistance, a key technology for which is the simulation of regional seismic ground motions. This study proposes a simple and highly operable method for the generation of regional seismic ground motions, which includes five steps. First, a seismic ground motion recorded at a seismic station is selected as the original ground motion. The original ground motion is then decomposed into eight sub-signals by wavelet packet transform (WPT). Next, the eight sub-signals are adjusted by the frequency attenuation model. The generated ground motion is then amplitude modulated by the peak ground acceleration (PGA) attenuation model. The frequency attenuation model and the PGA attenuation model are obtained by fitting seismic data from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Finally, the propagation of the ground motion is considered. The proposed method can provide a time history of seismic ground motions for any point in a region. To investigate the rationality and applicability of the proposed method, the characteristics of the generated seismic ground motions are compared with those of true seismic ground motions. The average error of the PGA of the generated ground motions and the true ground motions is 0.072[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]; thus, the proposed method is suitable for use in small-scale regions. Furthermore, 4-story and 15-story structures are used for structural response analysis. The story drift ratio error between the generated ground and true ground motions is found to be within an acceptable error range. The proposed method provides a new way to generate ground motions for regional seismic investigation.
Probabilistic Prediction on Seismic Responses of a Long-Span High-Speed Railway Bridge Using BPINN
Authors: Xing Chenxi , Wang Hao , Xu Zidong
Published: August 2024

Efficient probabilistic prediction of seismic responses is crucial for assessing the seismic-resistant capability of long-span continuous girder high-speed railway bridges. Thus, a Bayesian physics-informed neural network (BPINN) is adopted to rapidly and effectively predict the probabilistic seismic responses of such bridges. The BPINN model combines deep learning and physics to improve the accuracy and consistency of predictions, while also quantifying the uncertainties using Bayesian inference methods. Various seismic excitations, including pulse, far-field and near-field types, are employed to probabilistically predict the seismic responses of the top of bridge pier. Evaluation metrics, including mean squared error and prediction interval coverage probability, are used to assess the deterministic and probabilistic estimates of BPINN. Results demonstrate that BPINN performs better in deterministic results for far-/near-field ground motions compared to pulse-like earthquakes, with most cases exhibiting a close approximation to the 95% confidence interval. The flexibility and adaptability of BPINN in handling different types of ground motions can provide valuable insights for assessing the seismic performance of such structures.
A Time-Saving Stochastic Subspace Identification Method for Spatial Grid Structure
Authors: Wu Jinzhi , Ma Zenan , Sun Guojun , Ma Ming , Hu Jie , Liu Mingliang , Zhou Chunjuan
Published: August 2024

In the identification process of SSI–DATA method, the stabilization diagram is generally used to determine the order of the system. However, in the modal parameter identification of spatial grid structure, there are few stable points that meet the requirements, and the stability axis is not obvious. So, the location of the modal stability point cannot be determined. Furthermore, the QR decomposition of the Hankel matrix is computationally inefficient and difficult to use for online identification when analyzing the spatial structure. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a time-saving random subspace method of spatial grid structure based on an improved stabilization diagram. On the basis of the traditional random subspace method, the projection of the Hankel matrix is transformed into the projection transformation of its R matrix, and then the subsequent calculation is carried out. Then, the frequency search domain is set and the auxiliary stability axis is made. According to the spectrum peak, stabilization diagram and the auxiliary stability axis, the position of the stability axis is comprehensively judged. The modal parameters of the structure can be identified more accurately, which improves the calculation efficiency and avoids modal omissions or misjudgments to a certain extent. Using a spatial structure model (upper chord [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, lower chord [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, grid [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), the advantages of this method were compared and verified. The results indicate that the calculation time of the traditional SSI–DATA method is 29.077[Formula: see text]s, while the improved calculation time is 3.752[Formula: see text]s, resulting in an 87.1% improvement in calculation efficiency, while also preventing mode omission and misjudgment. By further applying this method to vibration monitoring of spatial grid structure hangars, its applicability, higher computational efficiency, and precision have been proven.
Performance of Concrete-Filled Bilateral Steel Plate Composite Shear Walls With Replaceable Energy Absorbing and Protective Structures Under the Blast Loads
Authors: Zhu Limeng , Liu Hao , Xiao Hongmei , Zhang Chunwei
Published: August 2024

Under the blast loads, the energy-absorbing structure significantly influences the anti-explosion performance of the concrete-filled bilateral steel plate composite shear walls with the replaceable protective structure (RPS-SCS). This paper employs finite element numerical simulation methods to investigate the impact of the replaceable polyurethane foam energy-absorbing structure (PUF) on the anti-explosion performance of composite shear walls. The numerical models were established based on LS-DYNA. The arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) algorithm is adopted to analyze the models under blast loads, and the accuracy of the models is verified based on existing experiments. The structural response and failure modes of concrete-filled bilateral steel plate composite shear walls with the replaceable energy absorbing and protective structure (PUF-RPS-SCS) are obtained from the numerical results. The displacement histories and energy absorption capacity of composite shear walls are obtained and discussed by conducting numerical calculations on parameters such as the thickness of concrete protection structure, the axial load rate, the thickness of the replaceable PUF energy-absorbing structure, and the mass of explosive charges. Numerical results indicate that the blast resistance performance of the shear wall increases with the increase of the replaceable protective structure thickness. The replaceable PUF energy-absorbing structure could effectively absorb the energy generated by blast loads. The set of the replaceable PUF energy-absorbing structure could greatly decrease the deformation of steel plates and core concrete, enhance the structure’s integrity after the explosion and effectively improve the blast resistance performance of the shear wall.
Intelligent Adaptive Networks for Chaos Analysis in Stochastic SIS Differential Epidemic Model with the Impact of Unpredictable Environmental Factors
Authors: Anwar Nabeela , Shahzadi Kiran , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Ahmad Iftikhar , Shoaib Muhammad , Kiani Adiqa Kausar
Published: August 2024

In this study, an intelligent computing framework is presented to explore the influence of unpredictable environmental factors on the spread of infections. A stochastic non-linear SIS epidemic model (SISEM) is examined that incorporates a non-linear incidence rate, and impact of random fluctuations on the disease transmission. The knacks of artificial neural networks Levenberg–Marquardt (ANNLMA) technique are exploited to illustrate the behavioral complexities of stochastic non-linear SISEM, which explores the dynamics of disease transmission in a stochastic environment and provides insights into the interactions between susceptible and infectious populations. The Milstein approach of order 1 generates a dataset for the proposed ANNLMA technique by varying integrated parameters, such as the rates of recovery, death, disease transmission, noise standard deviation and the entire population, for various SISEM scenarios. The referenced dataset is randomly divided into test, validation and train sets for the weight learning of the proposed ANNLMA. The viability of the ANNLMA is measured using intensive simulation-based investigations through analysis of mean squared errors, histograms, regression and autocorrelation studies. The investigations highlighted that the ANNLMA results closely match the reference results, illustrating convergence within the 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text] range, indicating the validity of the proposed methodology.
A note on defining ideals of monomial curves associated to primitive Pythagorean triples
Authors: Kien Do Van
Published: August 2024

In this survey, we study the defining ideals [Formula: see text] of the space monomial curves [Formula: see text] for primitive Pythagorean triples (PPT) [Formula: see text]. We give a minimal system of generators of [Formula: see text]. Hence, we provide the formula for Frobenius number of a PPT. Additionally, we show that over every field of arbitrary characteristic, there are distinct primitive Pythagorean triples such that their symbolic Rees algebras are noetherian.
Continuous solutions for a two-dimensional cross-diffusion problem involving doubly degenerate diffusion and logistic proliferation
Authors: Li Genglin , Winkler Michael
Published: August 2024

Emerging from the modeling of intricate structures formed by bacterial motion in nutrient-deficient environments, the doubly degenerate nutrient taxis system [Formula: see text] is considered in smoothly bounded domains [Formula: see text]. In contrast to frameworks devoid of logistic growth where only small-data global solutions have so far been found in the literature, quadratic degradation in the logistic growth is shown to markedly amplify the overall dissipative effects to the extent that, for arbitrary smooth initial data, an associated no-flux type initial-boundary problem possesses global continuous weak solutions. Central to our findings is the identification of an advantageous dissipative structure subtly embedded in the system, the exploitation of which leads to the establishment of a positive lower bound for nutrients levels within any finite time interval, thereby ruling out the appearance of cross-degeneracies within such timeframes.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer in the Copper Square Duct with Ribs in the Application of Gas Turbine Blade Cooling Systems: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: Sivasankar S. , Ananth M. Prem
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a hybrid approach to enhance heat transfer (HT) within a copper square duct for gas turbine (GT) blade cooling systems. The proposed method combines the gannet optimization algorithm (GOA) with the Spiking Deep Residual Network (SDRN), referred to as the GOA–SDRN technique. Since GTs operate at temperatures exceeding metal melting points, internal cooling is crucial to safeguard the blades and extend their lifespan. This study’s main goal is to apply rib tubular or turbulence promoters in internal cooling turbine blades, with a focus on managing temperature and maximizing HT to enhance GT blade-cooling systems. To achieve this, the proposed method analyzes the effectiveness of ribs by employing internal rib configurations, subsequently coated with composite nanomaterials such as thermal polymer and titanium carbide powder. The study investigates turbulent flow through the square passage at various Reynolds Numbers (Re), maintains constant ambient hot air temperature, and evaluates the performance of ribs. Specifically, the flow and HT within a square channel, resembling the air-cooled turbine blade cross-section, will be examined. The effectiveness of the GOA–SDRN method will then be assessed using MATLAB and compared against existing methodologies. The proposed method outperforms existing optimization methods significantly, achieving the highest efficiency of 94%, compared to 62% for SSA, 70% for CSA, and 84% for HBO. Additionally, the proposed method exhibits the lowest cost of $35, compared to $67 for SSA, $55 for CSA, and $48 for HBO. In summary, the proposed method offers superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness, making it the preferred choice for the application.
On Cauchy Problem Solution for a Harmonic Function in a Simply Connected Domain with Multi-Component Boundary
Authors: Shirokova E. A. , Ivanshin P. N.
Published: August 2024

Here, we present an investigation of the Cauchy problem solvability for the Laplace equation in a simply connected plane domain with a multi-component boundary. We reduce our investigation to solution of two singular integral equations. If the problem is resolvable, then we restore its solution via the integral Cauchy formula. We present the examples of the solvable problems. The construction involves an auxiliary approximate conformal mapping or the solution of certain singular integral equations.
Symmetric teleparallel gravity f(Q,T) and anisotropic bulk viscosity
Authors: Davood Sadatian S. , Mohamad Reza Hosseini S.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we discuss the concept of Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity and its extensions, mainly focusing on [Formula: see text] modified gravity theories. These theories explore the replacement of the Levi–Civita connection in General Relativity with a general affine connection in flat spacetime, leading to the formulation of gravity based on non-metricity. We highlight the advantages of second-order field equations in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] theories compared to higher-order equations in modified [Formula: see text] gravity. The inclusion of bulk viscosity in the model offers insights into the late-time behavior of the universe. In this regard, we study the spatially homogeneous and anisotropic universe with viscous fluid in the framework of the symmetric teleparallel gravity [Formula: see text]. We solve the field equations and obtain some cosmological parameters, including the deceleration parameter, equation of state parameter, Bulk viscous pressure and scale factor. In the following, we analyze the behavior of the cosmological parameters of the model with some figures and adjust our model parameters with recent data.
Beyond four dimensions: An extended study of f(R,T) theory with multidimensional metric
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Jain Navya
Published: August 2024

The present communication explores [Formula: see text]-dimensional cosmological models within the framework of the [Formula: see text] theory. The exploration is motivated by Kaluza–Klein theory, where the existence of extra dimensions becomes a focal point in understanding the fundamental forces of the universe. A cosmological model has been constructed by assuming Fractional quadratic deceleration parameter. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] provide a crucial link between theoretical predictions and empirical observations. Through rigorous mathematical analysis and theoretical modeling, we investigate the implications of this extended gravitational theory on cosmic evolution and the structure of spacetime. Our findings shed light on the interplay between geometry, matter and gravitational dynamics in multidimensional space, offering new insights into the nature of gravity and cosmological phenomenon.