bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 31
Authors: Morrison Arthur
Published: December 2020

It was in Mother Gapp's that Josh Perrott and his family met. Hannah had started out with an idea of meeting him at Waterloo Station; but, finding herself an object of distinction and congratulation among the women she met, she had lingered by the...
Chapter 33
Authors: Morrison Arthur
Published: December 2020

Hannah Perrott did her best to keep Josh from going out that night. She did not explain her objections, because she did not know precisely what they were, though they were in some sort prompted by his manner; and it was solely because of...
Chapter 36
Authors: Morrison Arthur
Published: December 2020

It was but a little crowd that stood at the Old Bailey corner while the bell tolled, to watch for the black flag. This was not a popular murder. Josh Perrott was not a man who had been bred to better things; he did...
Chapter I: Of Resistance
Authors: Godwin William
Published: December 2020

Every individual the judge of his own resistance.—Objection.—Answered from the nature of government—from the modes of resistance.—1. Force rarely to be employed—either where there is small prospect of success—or where the prospect is great.—History of Charles the first estimated.—2. Reasoning the legitimate mode.

It...
Chapter XXI: Of the Composition of Government
Authors: Godwin William
Published: December 2020

Houses of assembly.—This institution unjust.—Deliberate proceeding the proper antidote.—Separation of legislative and executive power considered.—Superior importance of the latter.—Functions of ministers.

One of the articles which has been most eagerly insisted on by the advocates of complexity in political institutions, is that of...
Chapter VII: Of Constitutions
Authors: Godwin William
Published: December 2020

Distinction of regulations constituent and legislative.—Supposed character of permanence that ought to be given to the former—inconsistent with the nature of man.—Source of the error.—Remark.—Absurdity of the system of permanence.—Its futility.—Mode to be pursued in framing a constitution.—Constituent laws not more important than others.—In what...
Chapter IX: Of Pensions and Salaries
Authors: Godwin William
Published: December 2020

Reasons by which they are vindicated.—Labour in its usual acceptation and labour for the public compared.—Immoral effects of the institution of salaries.—Source from which they are derived—unnecessary for the subsistence of the public functionary—for dignity.—Salaries of inferior officers—may also be superseded.—Taxation.—Qualifications.

An article...
Chapter III: Of the Purposes of Coercion
Authors: Godwin William
Published: December 2020

Nature of defence considered.—Coercion for restraint—for reformation.—Supposed uses of adversity—defective—unnecessary.—Coercion for example—1. Nugatory.—The necessity of political coercion arises from the defects of political institution.—2. Unjust.—Unfeeling character of this species of coercion.

Proceed we to consider three principal ends that coercion proposes to itself,...
Chapter IV: Of the Objection to this System from the Allurements of Sloth
Authors: Godwin William
Published: December 2020

The objection stated.—Such a state of society must have been preceded by great intellectual improvement.—The manual labour required in this state will be extremely small.—Universality of the love of distinction.—Operation of this his motive under the system in question—will finally be superseded by a better...
Chapter II Home From Greenland
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

One hot day, early in October of the year 1796,* two girls set off from their country homes to Monkshaven to sell their butter and eggs, for they were both farmers’ daughters, though rather in different circumstances; for Molly Corney*...
Chapter XIV Partnership
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

As darkness closed in, and the New Year’s throng became scarce, Philip’s hesitation about accompanying Coulson faded away. He was more comfortable respecting Sylvia, and his going to see her might be deferred; and, after all, he felt that the wishes of his masters...
Chapter XVI The Engagement
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

‘As the day lengthens so the cold strengthens.’ It was so that year; the hard frost which began on New Year’s Eve lasted on and on into late February, black and bitter, but welcome enough to the farmers, as it kept back the...
Chapter XXVI A Dreary Vigil
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Through the dark rain, against the cold wind, shaken over the rough stones, went Hester in the little tax-cart. Her heart kept rising against her fate; the hot tears came unbidden to her eyes. But rebellious heart was soothed, and hot tears were sent...
Chapter XXX Happy Days
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

And now Philip seemed as prosperous as his heart could desire. The business flourished, and money beyond his moderate wants came in. As for himself he required very little; but he had always looked forward to placing his idol* in...
Chapter XXXIV A Reckless Recruit
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

She lay across a chair, her arms helplessly stretched out, her face unseen. Every now and then a thrill ran through her body: she was talking to herself all the time with incessant low incontinence of words.

Philip stood near her, motionless: he did...
Chapter XXXVIII The Recognition
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Far away, over sea and land, over sunny sea again, great guns were booming on that 7th of May, 1799.*

The Mediterranean came up with a long roar on a beach glittering white with snowy sand, and the fragments of innumerable sea-shells, delicate and...
Chapter XLI The Bedesman of St Sepulchre
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Philip lay long ill on board the hospital ship. If his heart had been light, he might have rallied sooner; but he was so depressed he did not care to live. His shattered jaw-bone, his burnt and blackened face, his many injuries of body,...
Social Life
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Mr and
Mrs
Lupex had eaten a sweetbread together in much connubial bliss on that day which had seen Cradell returning to Mrs Roper’s hospitable board. They had together eaten a sweetbread, with some other delicacies of the season, in the neighbourhood of the...
John Eames takes a Walk
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

John
Eames watched the party of cavaliers as they rode away from his mother’s door, and then started upon a solitary walk, as soon as the noise of the horses’ hoofs had passed away out of the street. He was by no means happy...
Dr Crofts
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

If there was anything in the world as to which Isabella Dale was quite certain, it was this—that she was not in love with Dr Crofts. As to being in love with her cousin Bernard, she had never had occasion to ask herself any...
An Old Man’s Complaint
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

‘Have you been thinking again of what I was saying to you, Bell?’ Bernard said to his cousin one morning.

‘Thinking of it, Bernard? Why should I think more of it? I had hoped that you had forgotten it yourself.’

‘No,’ he said; ‘I...
Dr Crofts is Called In
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Mrs Dale had not sat long in her drawing-room before tidings were brought to her which for a while drew her mind away from that question of her removal. ‘Mamma,’ said Bell, entering the room, ‘I really do believe that Jane has got scarlatina.’...
Domestic Troubles
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

When Crosbie was making his ineffectual inquiry after Lady De Courcy’s bracelet at Lambert’s, John Eames was in the act of entering Mrs Roper’s front door in Burton Crescent.

‘Oh, John, where’s Mr Cradell?’ were the first words which greeted him, and they were spoken...
The First Visit to the Guestwick Bridge
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

When John Eames arrived at Guestwick Manor, he was first welcomed by Lady Julia. ‘My dear Mr Eames,’ she said, ‘I cannot tell you how glad we are to see you.’ After that she always called him John, and treated him throughout his visit...
John Eames becomes a Man
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Eames, when he was half way up to London in the railway carriage, took out from his pocket a letter and read it. During the former portion of his journey he had been thinking of other things; but gradually he had resolved that it...
Frank Gresham’s Early Loves
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

It was, we have said, the first of July, and such being the time of the year, the ladies, after sitting in the drawing-room for half an hour or so, began to think that they might as well go through the drawing-room windows on...
A Barouche and Four Arrives at Greshamsbury
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

During the last twelve months Sir Louis Scatcherd had been very efficacious in bringing trouble, turmoil, and vexation upon Greshamsbury. Now that it was too late to take steps to save himself, Dr Thorne found that the will left by Sir Roger was so...
What can you give in Return?
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

In spite of the family troubles, these were happy days for Beatrice. It so seldom happens that young ladies on the eve of their marriage have their future husbands living near them! This happiness was hers, and Mr Oriel made the most of it....
The Race of Scatcherd Becomes Extinct
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

It will not be imagined, at any rate by feminine readers, that Mary’s letter was written off at once, without alterations and changes, or the necessity for a fair copy. Letters from one young lady to another are doubtless written in this...
Our Pet Fox Finds a Tail
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Frank returned home, and his immediate business was of course with his father, and with Mr Gazebee, who was still at Greshamsbury.

‘But who is the heir?’ asked Mr Gazebee, when Frank had explained that the death of Sir Louis rendered unnecessary any immediate legal...
The Conference
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

On the following morning the archdeacon was with his father betimes, and a note was sent down to the warden begging his attendance at the palace. Dr Grantly, as he cogitated on the matter, leaning back in his brougham as he journeyed into Barchester,...
Mount Olympus
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Wretched in spirit, groaning under the feeling of the insult, self-condemning, and ill-satisfied in every way, Bold returned to his London lodgings. Ill as he had fared in his interview with the archdeacon, he was not the less under the necessity of...
Mr Greenmantle is Much Perplexed
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

That evening Mr Greenmantle and his daughter sat down to dinner together in a very unhappy humour. They always dined at half-past seven;* not that Mr Greenmantle liked to have his dinner at that hour better than any other, but because it...
Dr Freeborn and Philip Hughes
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Things went on at Plumplington without any change for a fort-night,—that is without any change for the better. But in truth the ill-humour both of Mr Greenmantle and of Mr Peppercorn had increased to such a pitch as to add an additional blackness to...
The Ex-Warden Rejoices in his Probable Return to the Hospital
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Among the ladies in Barchester who have hitherto acknowledged Mr Slope as their spiritual director, must not be reckoned either the widow Bold, or her sister-in-law. On the first outbreak of the wrath of the denizens of the close, none had been more animated...
Who shall be Cock of the Walk?
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

All this time things were going on somewhat uneasily at the palace. The hint or two which Mr Slope had given was by no means thrown away upon the bishop. He had a feeling that if he ever meant to oppose the now almost...
Fourteen Arguments in favour of Mr Quiverful’s Claims
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

We have most of us heard of the terrible anger of a lioness when, surrounded by her cubs, she guards her prey. Few of us wish to disturb the mother of a litter of puppies when mouthing a bone in the midst of ...
Mrs Proudie wrestles and gets a Fall
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

It was hardly an hour since Mrs Proudie had left her husband’s apartment victorious, and yet so indomitable was her courage that she now returned thither panting for another combat. She was greatly angry with what she thought was his duplicity. He had so...
A New Candidate for Ecclesiastical Honours
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

The dean’s illness occasioned much mental turmoil in other places besides the deanery and adjoining library; and the idea which occurred to the meagre little prebendary about Mr Slope did not occur to him alone.

The bishop was sitting listlessly in his study when the...
Mrs Proudie Victrix
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

The next week passed over at Barchester with much apparent tranquillity. The hearts, however, of some of the inhabitants were not so tranquil as the streets of the city. The poor old dean still continued to live, just as Sir Omicron Pie had prophesied...
The Stanhopes at Home
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

We must now return to the Stanhopes, and see how they behaved themselves on their return from Ullathorne.

Charlotte, who came back in the first homeward journey with her sister, waited in palpitating expectation till the carriage drove up to the door a second time....
The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories
Authors: Tolstoy Leo
Published: December 2020

‘No one pitied him as he would have liked to be pitied.’ As Ivan Ilyich lies dying he begins to re-evaluate his life, searching for meaning that will make sense of his sufferings. In ‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’ and the other works in this volume, Tolstoy conjures characters who, tested to the limit, reveal glorious and unexpected reserves of courage or baseness of a near inhuman kind. Two vivid parables and ‘The Forged Coupon’, a tale of criminality, explore class relations after the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 and the connection between an ethical life and worldly issues. In ‘Master and Workman’ Tolstoy creates one of his most gripping dramas about human relationships put to the test in an extreme situation. ‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’ is an existential masterpiece, a biting satire that recounts with extraordinary power the final illness and death of a bourgeois lawyer. In his Introduction Andrew Kahn explores Tolstoy's moral concerns and the stylistic features of these late stories, sensitively translated by Nicolas Pasternak Slater.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Authors: Tolstoy Leo
Published: December 2020

I

During an adjournment of the Melvinsky trial in the main chamber of the Law Courts, members of the court and the public prosecutor foregathered in Ivan Egorovich Shebek’s chambers, and the conversation turned to the famous Krasov case. Fedor Vasilievich was arguing heatedly that...
Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

The time, it is to be hoped, is gone by, when any defence would be necessary of the ‘liberty of the press’* as one of the securities against corrupt or tyrannical government. No argument, we may suppose, can now be needed, against...
The Criterion of a Good Form of Government
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

The form of government for any given country being (within certain definite conditions) amenable to choice, it is now to be considered by what test the choice should be directed; what are the distinctive characteristics of the form of government best fitted to promote...
That the Ideally Best Form of Government is Representative Government
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

It has long (perhaps throughout the entire duration of British freedom) been a common saying, that if a good despot could be ensured, despotic monarchy would be the best form of government. I look upon this as a radical and most pernicious misconception of...
Under What Social Conditions Representative Government is Inapplicable
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

We have recognized in representative government the ideal type of the most perfect polity, for which, in consequence, any portion of mankind are better adapted in proportion to their degree of general improvement. As they range lower and lower in development, that form of...
Should there be Two Stages of Election?
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

In some representative constitutions, the plan has been adopted of choosing the members of the representative body by a double process, the primary electors only choosing other electors, and these electing the members of Parliament. This contrivance was probably intended as a slight impediment...
Of the Mode of Voting
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

The question of greatest moment in regard to modes of voting, is that of secrecy or publicity; and to this we will at once address ourselves.

It would be a great mistake to make the discussion turn on sentimentalities about skulking or cowardice. Secrecy is...
Of the Government of Dependencies by a Free State
Authors: Stuart Mill John
Published: December 2020

Free States, like all others, may possess dependencies, acquired either by conquest or by colonization; and our own is the greatest instance of the kind in modern history. It is a most important question, how such dependencies ought to be governed.

It is unnecessary to...
Chapter IX The Man with the Belt of Gold
Authors: Stevenson Robert Louis
Published: December 2020

More than a week went by, in which the ill-luck that had hitherto pursued the Covenant upon this voyage grew yet more strongly marked. Some days she made a little way; others, she was driven actually back. At last we were beaten...
Chapter X The Siege of the Round-House
Authors: Stevenson Robert Louis
Published: December 2020

But now our time of truce was come to an end. Those on deck had waited for my coming till they grew impatient; and scarce had Alan spoken, when the captain showed face in the open door.

‘Stand!’ cried Alan, and pointed his sword at...
Chapter 18 ‘The Vicar of Bullhampton’—‘Sir Harry Hotspur’—‘An Editor’s Tales’—‘Cæsar’
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

In 1869 I was called on to decide, in council with my two boys and their mother, what should be their destination in life. In June of that year the elder, who was then twenty-three, was called to the Bar; and as he had...
‘On English Prose Fiction as a Rational Amusement’
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

No man, I fancy, can work long at any trade without being brought to consider whether that which he is doing daily tends to evil or to good. All of you probably have asked yourself that question, and have answered it after some fashion....
Chapter III: Company on board the Steamboat—Scenery of the Mississippi—Crocodiles—Arrival at Memphis—Nashoba
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

The weather was warm and bright, and we found the guard of the boat, as they call the gallery that runs round the cabins, a very agreeable station; here we all sat as long as light lasted, and sometimes wrapped in our shawls, we...
Chapter IV: Departure from Memphis—Ohio River—Louisville—Cincinnati
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

On the 1st of February, 1828, we embarked on board the Criterion, and once more began to float on the ‘father of waters,’ as the poor banished Indians were wont to call the Mississippi. The company on board was wonderfully like what we had...
Chapter VIII: Absence of public and private Amusement—Churches and Chapels—Influence of the Clergy—A Revival
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

I never saw any people who appeared to live so much without amusement as the Cincinnatians. Billiards are forbidden by law, so are cards. To sell a pack of cards in Ohio subjects the seller to a penalty of fifty dollars. They have no public...
Chapter IX: Schools—Climate—Water Melons—Fourth of July—Storms—Pigs—Moving Houses—Mr Flint—Literature
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

Cincinnati contains many schools, but of their rank or merit I had very little opportunity of judging; the only one which I visited was kept by Dr Lock,* a gentleman who appears to have liberal and enlarged opinions on the subject of...
Chapter XIII: Theatre—Fine Arts—Delicacy—Shaking Quakers—Big-Bone Lick—Visit of the President
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

The theatre at Cincinnati is small, and not very brilliant in decoration, but in the absence of every other amusement our young men frequently attended it, and in the bright clear nights of autumn and winter, the mile and a half of distance was...
Chapter XIV: American Spring—Controversy between Messrs. Owen and Campbell—Public ball—Separation of the sexes—American freedom—Execution
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

The American spring is by no means so agreeable as the American autumn; both move with faultering step, and slow; but this lingering pace, which is delicious in autumn, is most tormenting in the spring. In the one case you are about to part...
Chapter XVI: Danger of rural excursions—Sickness
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

It is by no means easy to enjoy the beauties of American scenery in the west, even when you are in a neighbourhood that affords much to admire; at least, in doing so, you run considerable risk of injuring your health. Nothing is considered...
Chapter XVIII: Departure for the Mountains in the Stage—Scenery of the Alleghany—Haggerstown
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

The weather was bleak and disagreeable during the two days we were obliged to remain at Wheeling. I had got heartily tired of my gifted friend; we had walked up every side of the rugged hill, and I set off on my journey towards...
Chapter XXIII: Fruits and Flowers of Maryland and Virginia—Copper-head Snake—Insects—Elections
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

Our summer in Maryland (1830) was delightful. The thermometer stood at 94, but the heat was by no means so oppressive as what we had felt in the West. In no part of North America are the natural productions of the soil more various,...
Chapter XXV: Washington Square—American Beauty—Gallery of Fine Arts—Antiques—Theatres—Museum
Authors: Trollope Frances
Published: December 2020

Our mornings were spent, as all travellers’ mornings must be, in asking questions, and in seeing all that the answers told us it was necessary to see. Perhaps this can be done in no city with more facility than in Philadelphia; you have nothing...
Belinda
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

‘It is singular, that my having spent a winter with one of the most dissipated women in England should have sobered my mind so completely.’ Maria Edgeworth's 1801 novel, Belinda, is an absorbing, sometimes provocative, tale of social and domestic life among the English aristocracy and gentry. The heroine of the title, only too conscious of being ‘advertised’ on the marriage market, grows in moral maturity as she seeks to balance self-fulfilment with achieving material success. Among those whom she encounters are the socialite Lady Delacour, whose brilliance and wit hide a tragic secret, the radical feminist Harriot Freke, the handsome and wealthy Creole gentleman Mr Vincent, and the mercurial Clarence Hervey, whose misguided idealism has led him into a series of near-catastrophic mistakes. In telling their story Maria Edgeworth gives a vivid picture of life in late eighteenth-century London, skilfully showing both the attractions of leisured society and its darker side, and blending drawing-room comedy with challenging themes involving serious illness, obsession, slavery and interracial marriage.
The Mysterious Boudoir
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

Accustomed to study human nature, Dr. X—— had acquired peculiar sagacity in judging of character. Notwithstanding the address, with which lady Delacour concealed the real motives for her apparently thoughtless conduct, he quickly discovered that the hatred of Mrs. Luttridge was her ruling passion....
Difficulties
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

Before he left town, Dr. X—— called in Berkeley-square, to see lady Delacour; he found that she was out of all immediate danger. — Miss Portman was sorry that he was obliged to quit her at this time, but she felt the necessity for...
Jealousy
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

Crescent, Bath

July — Wednesday.

My
Dear
Belinda,

I received safely the bank notes for my two hundred guineas, enclosed in your last. But you should never trust unnecessarily in this manner to the post — always, when you are obliged to send bank...
The Chaplain
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

In some minds, emotions of joy are always connected with feelings of benevolence and generosity. Lady Delacour’s heart expanded with the sensations of friendship and gratitude, now that she was relieved from those fears by which she had long been oppressed.

‘My dear daughter,’ said...
Love Me, Love My DoG
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

The only interest, that honest people can take in the fate of rogues, is in their detection and punishment; the reader then will be so far interested in the fate of Mr. Champfort, as to feel some satisfaction at his being safely lodged in...
News
Authors: Edgeworth Maria
Published: December 2020

‘Do not expect that I should pretend to be sorry for Mr. Vincent,’ said lady Delacour. ‘Let him be as generous and as penitent as he pleases, I am heartily glad that he is on his way to Germany. I dare say he...
Strange Event in the Life of Schalken the Painter
Authors: Le Fanu Sheridan
Published: December 2020

You will no doubt be surprised, my dear friend, at the subject of the following narrative.* What had I to do with Schalken, or Schalken with me? He had returned to his native land, and was probably dead and buried, before I...
The Repairer of Reputations
Authors: W. Chambers Robert
Published: December 2020

‘Along the shore the cloud waves break,

The twin suns sink behind the lake,

The shadows lengthen

     In Carcosa.*

Strange is the night where black stars rise,

And strange moons circle through the skies,

But stranger still is

     Lost Carcosa.

Songs that...
Luella Miller
Authors: E. Wilkins Freeman Mary
Published: December 2020

Close to the village street stood the one-story house in which Luella Miller, who had an evil name in the village, had dwelt. She had been dead for years, yet there were those in the village who, in spite of the clearer light which...
The Room in the Tower
Authors: Benson E. F.
Published: December 2020

It is probable that everybody who is at all a constant dreamer has had at least one experience of an event or a sequence of circumstances which have come to his mind in sleep being subsequently realised in the material world. But, in my opinion,...
II
Authors: Flaubert Gustave
Published: December 2020

Madame Dambreuse was sitting in her boudoir between her niece and Miss Johnson, listening to Monsieur Roque recounting his hardships in the military.

She bit her lips, and seemed to be in pain.

‘Oh, it’s nothing. It will pass.’

And graciously:

‘We shall be having...
Chapter I
Authors: Eliot George
Published: December 2020

Shepperton Church was a very different-looking building five-and-twenty years ago.* To be sure, its substantial stone tower looks at you through its intelligent eye, the clock, with the friendly expression of former days; but in everything else what changes! Now there is...
Chapter VI
Authors: Eliot George
Published: December 2020

One November morning, at least six months after the Countess Czerlaski had taken up her residence at the vicarage, Mrs Hackit heard that her neighbour Mrs Patten had an attack of her old complaint, vaguely called ‘the spasms.’ Accordingly, about eleven o’clock,...
Chapter XIII
Authors: Eliot George
Published: December 2020

The next morning the dreaded moment came. Caterina, stupefied by the suffering of the previous night, with that dull mental aching which follows on acute anguish, was in Lady Cheverel’s sitting-room, copying out some charity lists,* when her ladyship came in, and...

‘Tina,...
Chapter XIV
Authors: Eliot George
Published: December 2020

Yes, Maynard,’ said Sir Christopher, chatting with Mr Gilfil in the library, ‘it really is a remarkable thing that I never in my life laid a plan, and failed to carry it out. I lay my plans well, and I never swerve from them—that’s...
Chapter VIII
Authors: Eliot George
Published: December 2020

The next day, Friday, at five o’clock by the sundial, the large bow-window of Mrs Jerome’s parlour was open; and that lady herself was seated within its ample semicircle, having a table before her on which her best tea-tray, her best china, and her...
Mellstock-Lane
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: December 2020

To dwellers in a wood, almost every species of tree has its voice as well as its feature.* At the passing of the breeze the fir-trees sob and moan no less distinctly than they rock: the holly whistles as it battles with...
Passing by the School
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: December 2020

It followed that as the spring advanced Dick walked abroad much more frequently than had hitherto been usual with him, and was continually finding that his nearest way to or from home lay by the road which skirted the garden of the school. The...
A Meeting of the Quire
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: December 2020

It was the evening of a fine spring day. The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it like wild locks of hair.

The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in...
Fancy in the Rain
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: December 2020

The next scene is a tempestuous afternoon in the following month, and Fancy Day is discovered walking from her father’s home towards Mellstock.

A single vast grey cloud covered the country, from which the small rain and mist had just begun to blow down in...
Into Temptation
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: December 2020

The day was done, and Fancy was again in the school-house. About five o’clock it began to rain, and in rather a dull frame of mind she wandered into the schoolroom for want of something better to do. She was thinking:—of her lover Dick...
Street-Finders or Collectors
Authors: Mayhew Henry
Published: December 2020

Of the Street-Finders or Collectors

These men, for by far the great majority are men, may be divided, according to the nature of their occupations, into three classes:

The bone-grubbers and rag-gatherers, who are, indeed, the same individuals, the pure-finders, and the cigar-end and old...
Chimney-Sweepers
Authors: Mayhew Henry
Published: December 2020

Of the General Characteristics of the Working Chimney-Sweepers

There are many reasons why the chimney-sweepers have ever been a distinct and peculiar class. They have long been looked down upon as the lowest order of workers, and treated with contumely by those who were but...
Introduction and Classification
Authors: Mayhew Henry
Published: December 2020

Of the Workers and Non-Workers

The essential quality of an animal is that it seeks its own living, whereas a vegetable has its living brought to it. An animal cannot stick its feet in the ground and suck up the inorganic elements of its...
Prostitution in London
Authors: Mayhew Henry
Published: December 2020

Seclusives, or Those that Live in Private Houses and Apartments

It is frequently a matter of surprise amongst the friends of a gentleman of position and connection that he exhibits an invincible distaste to marriage. If they were acquainted with his private affairs their astonishment...
Blood-Flow Restriction Training for a Person With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report
Authors: Cohen Evan T , Cleffi Nicole , Ingersoll Marianne , Karpatkin Herb I
Published: December 2020

Objective

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, in which an inflatable cuff partially occludes blood flow around the proximal portion of a limb, coupled with low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) has resulted in gains comparable with traditional progressive resistive exercise in healthy populations. The use of BFR with LIRT may enable people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to improve strength without an increase in fatigue. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of a BFR/LIRT program for a person with MS.

Methods

The patient was a 54-year-old woman with a 13-year history of primary progressive MS with an Extended Disability Severity Score of 3.0 out of 10. She received a BFR/LIRT program for both lower extremities biweekly for 12 weeks. Outcomes measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks included the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12), Fatigue Severity Scale, Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) (goals: running for exercise and pleasure for 45 minutes, 100% confidence in negotiating a flight of stairs, confidently and safely drive without restriction), and 14 lower extremity strength tests.

Results

The intervention was well tolerated without adverse events. After 6 weeks, the MSWS-12 score improved; however, it did not exceed minimum detectable change (MDC). Fatigue Severity Scale was unchanged. All PSFS goals improved beyond MDC, and improvements in strength exceeded MDC in 2 out of 14 tests. After 12 weeks, MSWS-12 improvements persisted and the Fatigue Severity Scale score improved, but neither exceeded MDC. The PSFS improvements persisted. There were improvements exceeding MDC for 8 out of 14 strength tests. The remaining 6 strength tests improved but did not exceed MDC.

Conclusion

The patient had measurable improvements following the use of a BFR/LIRT program. BFR/LIRT may be an option for strength training in people with MS; however, research is needed to determine its safety and effectiveness across the population of people with MS.

Impact

Traditional physical therapist interventions for people with MS have been shown to be beneficial; however, their usefulness has been limited by fatigue. A growing body of literature has demonstrated the effects of a BFR/LIRT program on strength and other measures of physical function in healthy populations and those with chronic disease. This case report adds missing information to the existing literature and suggests directions for research on the effectiveness of BFR/LIRT in people with primary progressive MS.

Lay Summary

Blood flow restriction, which has been used to help improve strength in healthy adults and in some people with chronic disease, applies pressure around the arm or leg to limit the flow of blood to that body part during exercise, helping to reduce fatigue. Blood flow restriction coupled with low-intensity strengthening exercises can be used for a person with MS.
Building a System to Engage and Sustain Research Careers for Physicians
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Dovat Sinisa , Mailman Richard B. , Thiboutot Diane M. , Berini Deborah , Parent Leslie J.
Published: December 2020

There are increasing needs for physician–investigators to translate the rapid expansion of knowledge, technology/interventions, and big data into the clinical realm at a time of increasing age-related disabilities and communicable diseases. Yet, the number of physician–investigators has continued to decline, and only a small number of medical school graduates in the United States are actively engaged in research. This problem may be particularly pronounced in small- and medium-sized academic institutions due to more limited educational and mentoring infrastructure. Neither efforts by the federal government nor isolated institutional programs alone have been effective yet in solving this problem. This article describes an integrated institutional strategy undertaken at Penn State College of Medicine that is focused on developing and sustaining a physician–investigator workforce. Key elements of this strategy are new programs to close gaps in the professional life cycle of physician–investigators, dedicated senior leaders collaborating with an experienced and diverse advisory committee, and a data-driven approach to programmatic evaluation. In this article, the implementation of integrated institutional programs including Institutional Mock Review for evaluation of grant proposals before submission, physician–scientist faculty mentoring, and effort matching programs are described. Detailed tactics are offered for tailoring these programs to a particular institution’s background to maximize both efficiency and sustainability. The overarching strategy includes engaging multidisciplinary faculty as mentors and mentees, partnering with both clinical and basic science departments, integrating new programs with established approaches, and cultivating an emerging generation of physician–investigators as near-peer mentors and future leaders. This approach may serve as a useful paradigm for building an environment to nurture junior physician–investigators at other mid-sized academic institutions and may also have value for larger institutions in which there is fragmentation of the efforts to sustain the research careers of physicians.
Depression Symptoms Are Associated with Poor Functional Status Among Operative Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Lafage Renaud , Ang Bryan , Schwab Frank , Kim Han Jo , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher , Burton Douglas , Ames Christopher , Mundis Gregory , Hostin Richard , Bess Shay , Klineberg Eric , Passias Peter , Lafage Virginie
Published: December 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective review of prospective multicenter database.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to investigate how preoperative mental status affects preoperative and postoperative disability and health scores in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients.

Summary of Background Data.

The relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and depression has previously been documented. However, the influence of depression on clinical outcomes among ASD patients is not well understood.

Methods.

ASD patients with minimum 2-year follow-up were stratified based on preoperative mental health measured by Short Form 36 (SF-36) mental component score (MCS). Patients with MCS in the 25th and 75th percentile of the cohort were designated as having low and high MCS, respectively. After matching by preoperative demographics and deformity, pre- and post-HRQOL were compared between the two groups. Further analysis was performed to identify individualized questions on the SF-36 that could potentially screen for patients with low MCS.

Results.

Five hundred thirteen patients were assessed (58.4 years’ old, 79% women, mean MCS 45.5). Thresholds for low and high MCS cohorts were 35.0 and 57.3, respectively. After matching by preoperative alignment, low MCS patients had worse Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (52.3 ± 17.0 vs. 35.7 ± 14.6, P < 0.001) and Scoliosis Research Society-22R scores for all domains (all P < 0.001) compared to high MCS patients. Similar results were maintained at 2-year postop, with low MCS patients having a worse ODI (35.2 ± 20.2 vs. 19.7 ± 18.6, P < 0.001) and MCS (42.4 ± 13.5 vs. 58.6 ± 7.1, P < 0.001). Despite similar preoperative Physical Component Score (PCS), low MCS patients were less likely to reach MCID for PCS (46.1% vs. 70.6%, P < 0.01) and had a lower satisfaction at 2-year follow-up (3.88 ± 1.07 vs. 4.39 ± 0.94, P < 0.001). Questions 5a, 9d, and 9f on the SF-36 were found to be independent predictors of low MCS.

Conclusion.

ASD patients with low MCS are more likely to experience functional limitations before and after surgery and are less likely to be satisfied postoperatively, even when similar clinical goals are achieved. Incorporating psychological factors may assist in decision making.

Level of Evidence: 3
Morphometric Analysis of the Lateral Atlantoaxial Joints in Patients with an Old Type II Odontoid Fracture and Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Authors: Ma Fei , Liao Yehui , Tang Qiang , Tang Chao , Luo Ning , He Hongchun , Yang Sheng , Wang Qing , Zhong Dejun
Published: December 2020

Mini

The morphological features of the lateral atlantoaxial joints (LAJs) in patients with old type II odontoid fractures and atlantoaxial dislocation have not been fully analyzed. Our study found the changes in morphological features of the LAJs in some patients, and revealed the causes and consequences of the changes in morphological features of the LAJs.

Study Design.

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.

We aimed to study and interpret the morphological features of the lateral atlantoaxial joints (LAJs) in patients with old type II odontoid fractures and atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD).

Summary of Background Data.

The causes and consequences of the morphological changes of the LAJs in patients with old type II odontoid fractures and AAD have not been analyzed before.

Methods.

A retrospective study was performed on patients with old type II odontoid fracture and AAD. These patients were placed in group A (unstable or reducible dislocation) or group B (irreducible or bony dislocation) depending on the type of dislocation they had. We documented the morphological changes and measured the inclination angle of the articular surface of the LAJs in computerized tomographic images and compared the results collected for the two groups. The association between the history of injury and the inclination angle of the articular surface of the LAJs was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results.

A total of 29 patients were enrolled (16 patients in group A, and 13 patients in group B). The inclination angle in group A was significantly greater than that in group B (P < 0.001). Patients in group B were more likely to have fish-lip-like changes, dome-like changes, or collapse of the LAJs. Age, history, atlantodental interval, and Japanese Orthopedic Association score were also significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the history of injury and the inclination angle of the articular surfaces of the LAJs (left: r = −0.726, P < 0.001; right: r = −0.795, P < 0.001).

Conclusion.

The morphological changes of the LAJs could progressively become more pronounced during the evolution of the disease.

Level of Evidence: 4
Evaluation of Benefit and Cost Utility of Immediate Postanesthesia Care Unit Radiographs to Predict Airway Compromise After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Khan Asham , Meyers Joshua E. , Blasio Paul , Mao Jennifer Z. , O’Connor Timothy E. , Agyei Justice O. , Winograd Evan K. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Mullin Jeffrey P. , Levy Elad I. , Pollina John
Published: December 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective review.

Objective.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed procedure that may be complicated by airway compromise postoperatively. This life-threatening complication may necessitate reintubation and reoperation. We evaluated the cost utility of conventional postoperative x-ray.

Summary of Background Data.

Studies have demonstrated minimal benefit in obtaining an x-ray on postoperative day 1, but there is some utility of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) x-rays for predicting the likelihood of reoperation.

Methods.

We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients who underwent ACDF between September 2013 and February 2017. Patients were dichotomized into those who received PACU x-rays and those who did not (control group). Primary outcomes were reoperation, reintubation, mortality, and health care costs.

Results.

Eight-hundred and fifteen patients were included in our analysis: 558 had PACU x-rays; 257 did not. In those who received PACU x-rays, mean age was 53.7 ± 11.3 years, mean levels operated on were 2.0 ± 0.79, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.3 ± 6.9. In those who did not, mean age was 51.8 ± 10.9 years, mean levels operated on were 1.48 ± 0.65, and mean BMI was 29.9 ± 6.3. Complications in the PACU x-ray group were reintubation—0.4%, reoperation—0.7%, and death—0.3% (due to prevertebral swelling causing airway compromise). Complications in the control group were reintubation—0.4%, reoperation—0.8%, and death—0. There were no differences between groups with respect to reoperation (P = 0.92), reintubation (P = 0.94), or mortality (P = 0.49). The mean per-patient cost was significantly higher (P = 0.009) in those who received PACU x-rays, $1031.76 ± 948.67, versus those in the control group, $700.26 ± 634.48. Mean length of stay was significantly longer in those who had PACU x-rays (P = 0.01).

Conclusion.

Although there were no differences in reoperation, reintubation, or mortality, there was a significantly higher cost for care and hospitalization in those who received PACU x-rays. Further studies are warranted to validate the results of the presented study.

Level of Evidence: 3
Simultaneous 4 Compartment Pressure Monitoring in Diagnosis of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm
Authors: Bott Alasdair R. , Roszpopa Jaroslav , Johnston Phillip , Grant Ian
Published: December 2020

The authors describe a technique for bilateral simultaneous measuring of forearm compartments pressure for assessment of suspected chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm. Under ultrasound guidance, 18-G cannulae were inserted bilaterally into the superficial flexor and dorsal extensor forearm compartments. The imaging was used to confirm safe subfascial placement, and ensured no kinking or catching on the muscle bellies during dynamic movements. An arterial pressure transducer with 4 portals allowed simultaneous measurements from 4 compartments. Intracompartmental pressure (ICP) was measured in 2 ways, (1) hand in a relaxed position and (2) power grip with Jamar Dynamometer. After baseline measurements were taken, the patient undertook a period of rowing sufficient to generate symptoms. ICPs were then recorded at 1, 2, and 5 minutes by which time symptoms had resolved. Using this method ICPs in 4 myofascial compartments was measured in the same limb, simultaneously, pre- and postexercise.
The North American Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Jannetto Paul J.
Published: December 2020

Background:

The culmination of the widespread overprescription of opioids, a resurgence of heroin use, and increased accessibility and use of illicit synthetic opioids is commonly referred to as the opioid epidemic in North America.

Methods:

This article is not intended to provide a comprehensive systematic literature review, but rather summarized recent publications and online governmental reports and datasets for English-written literature primarily published between January 1, 2015 and July 1, 2020.

Results:

In both the United States and Canada, opioids represent one of the most widely prescribed classes of medications. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an unprecedented increase in the use of opioid pain relievers has led to one of the worst drug overdose epidemics in US history and continues to be an ongoing major public health crisis based on recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mortality data, where almost two-thirds of all overdose deaths still involve opioids, including heroin and illicit opioids. In addition to the high mortality rates in both the United States and Canada, there has also been an increase in emergency department visits for nonmedical use of opioid pain relievers, along with additional individuals seeking treatment for opioid addiction, and a rise in neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Conclusions:

This article highlights the history, underlying issues, ongoing national regulatory efforts, and future strategies and therapies to help mitigate the opioid crisis in North America.