bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inaccurate therapeutic decisions in patient with lupus anticoagulant as a result of falsely elevated prothrombin time
Authors: Jeleńska Maria Magdalena , Pawlak Katarzyna , Budnik Monika , Zborowska Hanna
Published: July 2021

71 year old patient was admitted to the hospital with a suspicion of infective endocarditis. Laboratory investigations using human recombined tromboplastin Innovin showed a considerably prolonged prothrombin time (INR above 4) and APTT. Due this vitamin K was administered (iv). During further investigations using Innovin significantly prolonged prothrombin time persisted, but using
thromboplastin Technoplastin HIS was in reference range. Deficiency of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors (VII, X, II), factor V and fibrinogen were not found. Therefore a comparative test using Innovin and three other thromboplastins (Technoplastin HIS Tromborel S, RecombiPlasTin 2G) were performed. These gave prothrombin time in reference range. Prolonged aPTT resulted from presence of lupus anticoagulant. Thrombotic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin was applied (2 weeks after admission to the hospital).
However, two days later, edema of upper limb has appeared due to cephalic vein thrombosis. There was no central catheter placed in any of central veins.
The falsely elevated prothrombin time caused inaccurate therapeutic decisions such as iv supply of vitamin K, and delate antithrombotic treatment of patient with the increased risk of thrombosis (immobilization, inflammations and presence of the lupus anticoagulant).
These decision surely contributed to the cephalic vein thrombosis.
Our results demonstrated that protothrombin time/INR determined with thromboplastin Innovin can be prolonged also in patients with lupus anticoagulant not submitted to anticoagulation treatment. Therefore, in patients with LA before therapeutic decision, the verification of elevated prothrombin time using other than Innovin thromboplastins is necessary.
Direct oral anticoagulants – new challenge for laboratory medicine
Authors: Raszeja-Specht Anna , Michno Anna
Published: July 2021

A new generation of oral anticoagulants, direct thrombin or activated factor X inhibitors gradually replaces the existing antithrombotic agents, administered parenterally (heparin) or orally (vitamin K antagonists). Currently, the most widely used class of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban – Xa inhibitors.
Although previous reports suggested that DOACs therapy does not require laboratory screening, recently the new indications for monitoring and the types of laboratory tests used in the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment have been updated. To quantify the activity of direct thrombin inhibitors a dilute thrombin clotting time (dTT) or ecarin clotting time (ECT) is recommended. The effect of rivaroxaban and apixaban can be determined by anti-Xa activity assay when calibrated with a rivaroxaban and apixaban standard.
Observed changes in routine coagulation tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time (PT), with varying degrees of severity, can only be an indicator of an additional screening, which is the emergency clinical interventions.
The influence of the preanalytical factors on the results of a Complete Blood Count
Authors: Kościelniak Barbara , Kowalczyk Paulina , Manda Anna , Sztefko Krystyna , Tomasik Przemysław
Published: July 2021

Background: The credibility of the result of a complete blood count (CBC) is closely connected with the preanalytical phase.
Aim of the study: This study evaluated the impact of improper filling of microtubes and assessed the effect of storage conditions on results of CBC.
Materials and methods: Blood samples collected into microtubes provided to the laboratory were studied. To determine the effects of sample volume on CBC result, blood from 14 adult volunteers were drawn, and test-tubes were filled with 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 μl. In the stability studies, overfilled samples stored at ambient temperature were analysed at: 1, 2 and 3 hours after phlebotomy.
The analyses were made with the Sysmex KX-21N and XT-1800i analysers.
Results: More than 75% of the analysed samples for CBC were incorrectly filled and mainly overfilled (60%). An excess collection of blood volume resulted in the decrease of haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells and mean corpuscular volume as well as in an increase in the number of platelets. The storage of overfilled microtubes for CBC for 3 hours at room temperature had no further effect on the results of this test.
Conclusion: Medical staff does not keep the instructions of the manufacturers. It might lead directly to a reduction of the results credibility and a decrease of the quality of the analysis.
Measurement of synovial fluid glutathione concentration
in various pathophysiological states of knee joint – pilot study
Authors: Chmiel Michał , Ciszek Elżbieta , Golec Edward , Głowa Mateusz
Published: July 2021

Background. Glutathione(GSH) is a tripeptide which consists of glutamate, glicyne, cysteine. It can be observed in every cell of human
body, however the biggest concentrarion of GSH is found in liver, kidneys and eye lens. For many years it is described as a one of major
antioxidants, which plays important role in neutralising reactive oxygen species.
Aim. The aim of this study was to assess usefulness of modified Beutler method to compare glutathione level is synovial fluid from
patients with osteoarthrtitis, patients after artroscopy and patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and/or injury of menisci
Material. Research material consist of 36 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis, ligaments, menisci and joint capsule ruptures or
after crucial ligament reconstruction and/or meniscotomy. Patients were recruited from Univesity Hospital of Nicholas Copernicus in
Cracow, 5th Army Hospital in Cracow and Orthopedic Hospital Ortopedicum in Cracow.
Method. Glutation was marked according to E. Beutler in authors modification.
Result. Higher glutathione levels were shown in knee osteoarthritis samples which might be adaptive mechanism, to protect chondrocytes
and support their regeneration. Red blood cells appearance did not increase glutathione level.
Conclusions. Increased glutathione level in samples from patients with osteoarthritis might be protection of chondrocities. Red blood
cells appearance did not increase glutathione level what may suggest that they were damaged
Analysis of platelet deposition and binding of anti-fibrinogen antibody to the artificial surfaces preadsorbed with sera or plasmas from patients with normal and elevated CRP
Authors: Nowak Joanna , Boncler Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Background: As far as fibrinogen (Fb) is an essential protein in mediating platelet adhesion in vitro, the colorimetric adhesion assay can differentiate platelet deposition to normal plasma from fibrinogen-deficient plasma in healthy donors. However, it is not known whether it may discriminate platelet response to serum and/or plasma originating from patients with and without the increased inflammatory activity. Aims: In the present study we compared ADP-induced platelet adhesion in healthy subjects to serum or plasma from patients with normal and increased CRP concentration (CRP>5 mg/L). Also, the binding of anti-Fb antibodies to serum and plasma from patients with varying CRP concentrations was examined. Methods: For microplate coating, both serum and plasma from patients with varying CRP concentrations were utilized. Colorimetric assays were used to determine platelet adhesion and anti-Fb antibody binding. Results: We demonstrated significantly higher platelet adhesion to the sera and plasmas from patients with elevated CRP compared to platelet adhesion to the sera and plasmas from patients with normal CRP. Also, we observed significantly higher anti-Fb binding to the sera from patients with elevated CRP compared to anti-Fb binding to the sera from patients with normal CRP. Furthermore, the binding of anti-Fb antibody to the sera of patients significantly correlated with CRP concentration. Conclusions: Overall, this study supports the data on the existence of a strong relation between CRP and fibrinogen level and it leads to the conclusion that the adhesion assay may be a useful tool in differentiating platelet response to sera and plasmas from patients with and without the increased inflammatory activity.
The use the economies of scale to reduce costs of POC acid-base balance testing
Authors: Robakowska Marlena , Utracka Alicja
Published: July 2021

The work describes the actions associated with the decision and the possibility of POCT laboratory diagnostics and analysis of usability
due to the needs of customers, the quality of analysis and diagnostics costs. The analysis of orders and costs and the analysis of time
around time, allowed the creation of an optimal map analyzers critical parameters with an optimal amount. For assessment of the
acid-base balance, given a set of laboratory tests, which should be available in the type of POCT analyzers. Implementation of maps
analyzers with the analysis of financial expenditures, resulted in reduction of fixed costs of research and generate optimal cost analysis
of the specific effect of scale. This solution had a good impact on minimizing TAT, the quality of the diagnostic process, and reduce costs
and guarantee optimum access to the analyzers to compare the POCT analyzers outside the system.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers or West Nile fever – surprise in the journey
Authors: Piszczyk Jarosław
Published: July 2021

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) represent a group of similar clinical entities contagious constitutional diseases, caused by four different types of RNA viruses: Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae i Filoviridae. These diseases proceed with high fever and damage of the circulatory system leading to homeostasis disorders, commonly accompanied by symptoms of hemorrhagic diathesis. VHFs are typically transmitted through infection vectors (mosquito) or through direct physical contact with infectious material. West Nile fever is the disease which is caused by West Nile virus from the Flaviviridae family. It begins flu-like symptoms, then it appears maculopapular rash and lymphadenopathy. At the most cases the symptoms retreat idiopathically. This disease can proceed as West Nile Neurological Disease in 1% of infected. The article presents three diseases, which can be present in tropical climate such as: Ebola hemorrhagic fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever.
Actual strategies in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)
differentiation – perspectives and challenges
Authors: Augustyniak Ewelina , Kulcenty Katarzyna , Lach Michał , Piotrowski Igor , Suchorska Wiktoria Maria
Published: July 2021

The application of stem cells (SCs) in regenerative medicine has recently become a rapidly growing field, holding promise for combating
a number of currently incurable disorders: including diabetes, neurodegenerative, retinal and cardiac diseases, as well as muscular
dystrophy. The search for alternative approaches led to the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) which
have unrestricted proliferative activity and pluripotency – the capacity to differentiation into derivatives of three germ layers (meso-,
ecto – and endoderm). Because hiPSCs are developed from adult human cells throughout the forced expression of pluripotency factors,
they are free from the ethical concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), that creation involves the destruction of
human embryos. Moreover, the use of hiPSCs contributes to the development of personalized medicine that exploits patient-specific
cells extremely useful in autologous grafts. In the present study the methods of hiPSCs differentiation into stem cell-derived neurons,
cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes were summarized and evaluated having regard to their most important aspects.
Race and Representation in Twenty-First Century America
Authors: Brown Robert
Published: July 2021

This article examines Black women in the development of African-American politics, initially using race as a framework for analyzing the evolution of African-American politics. The article broadens its focus to use an intersectional analysis in explaining Black women’s prominence in representation and voter participation. It discusses criminal justice reform, arguing how the increased incarceration of Black women and girls should change the narrative of the Black community’s perspective towards this issue. Finally, there is a discussion of infant and maternal mortality and criminal justice reform as issues that demand greater attention in the Black community.
Black Skin, White Tourists
Authors: Valecce Anastasia
Published: July 2021

Sand Dollars (Dólares de Arena) is a 2014 coproduction by Dominican film director Laura Amelia Guzmán and her husband, Mexican film director Israel Cárdenas. This film portrays two main characters: an older French woman, Anne, who is visiting the island as a tourist, and a young black Dominican woman, Noeli. The plot centers on the sexual and emotional relationship that arises between the two women. In this article, I explore the race and class relationship between the black bodies and the white bodies—taking as a point of departure the lesbian relationship—and the ways in which they are represented on screen. To do so, I enter into dialogue with Franz Fanon’s text, Black Skin, White Masks, offering a queer interpretation of this work, in which female bodies are a largely ancillary focus, and female homosexuality is ignored entirely. As such, this article will use Fanonian theory in order to highlight the intersectional nature of cultural taboos in contemporary Dominican Republic, such as sex tourism, blackness, lesbianism (and queernessin general), and to explore the way in which the film navigates these topics.
"Not at Home in Empire"
Authors: Roy Binayak
Published: July 2021

Amitav Ghosh opposes the “agonistic” or “reconciliatory” strand in postcolonial studies espoused amongst others by Bhabha. By fusing postcolonialism with postmodernism, this school of postcolonial thought rejects resistance and reconfigures the historical project of invasion, expropriation and exploitation as a symbiotic encounter. As a staunch anti-colonialist, what Ghosh presents in his writing is the ubiquity of the Eurocentrism of the colonized. The Glass Palace represents how colonial discourses (primarily the military discourse) have molded native identity and resulted in severe vulnerability and existential crisis. Self-alienation is apparent in the characters of the Collector, a Britain-trained colonial administrator and the soldier, Arjun, who has been transformed into a war-machine in the hands of British military discourse. The narrative attempts to revisit and reframe the colonial past by questioning the ideological, epistemological and ontological assumptions of the imperial powers, the masks of conquest. The community of the disillusioned soldiers of the British Indian army presented in The Glass Palace is one that challenges, provokes, threatens, but also enlivens, is a community of disagreement, dissonance, and resistance. Popular or insurgent nationalism thus reclaims or imagines forms of community and challenges colonial rule giving shape to a collective political identity. This article also intends to trace the failures of Burmese nationalism after a series of insurrections on ethnic grounds belied the aspirations of the postcolonial nation state.
"You're White": You Can Do Anything"
Authors: Rooks Isaac
Published: July 2021

The Ghost and the Darkness (dir. Stephen Hopkins, 1996) possesses ingredients that could have yielded a film that was popular and perhaps even iconic. It features Val Kilmer and Michael Douglas, two major stars in the 1990s. It was written by William Goldman and photographed by Vilmos Zsigmond, both Oscar winners. Yet critics dismissed this period melodrama about killer lions as being derivative of Jaws (French; Newman). Even key players in the production expressed disappointment in Ghost’s quality (Goldman 94; Logan). Since its release, Ghost has not received critical reappraisal, nor has it achieved ironic cult status. Roger Ebert commented that Ghost “lacks even the usual charm of being so bad it’s funny. It’s just bad.” However, Ghost’s ineptitude is a key reason why postcolonial scholars interested in the environmental humanities should revisit this text.
Narrating Pakistani History
Authors: Sahar Naila
Published: July 2021

Kamila Shamsie writes revisionary historiography of her country. Official historiography erases some very significant areas and experiences which she has tried to recuperate, thus redefining the role of a postcolonial writer in the society. This article examines the relationship between history, memory and experience in Shamsie’s novels, elaborating on their potential to change the collective or individual lives of people in a society that is in the process of transition. Shamsie takes up challenges of putting a chaotic world in order, of recording what official histories erase most often. Her novels are penetrating analyses of Pakistan’s recent troubled history. She talks of the break-up of Pakistan in 1971, of the insecure, uncertain and perturbed times under the despotic rule of Zia’s regime, and ethnic violence in Karachi. History in her novels is not only the knowledge of past, it is also the continuity of past in present. She shows that what happened then is happening now, back and forth, now and then; the conflict between Bengalis and the rest of Pakistan in 1971 and now between native Karachites and Muhajirs or immigrants in the 1980s. Such frictions and hostilities produced fissures in the tight-knit social groups. Shamsie portrays this history painstakingly, as she identifies history as a major sight for the identity formation of any country.
Prioritization and transparency in software development: An action research in public administration
Authors: Pinheiro Álvaro , Martins Nilo , Soares Melina , Neto Geraldo , Santos Wylliams
Published: July 2021

The prioritization of requirements is a critical activity in quality assurance. However, in public institutions, prioritization faces conflicts with financial constraints. Problem: Increasing the complexity of requirements. Objective: Proposition of a Kanban method to improve the transparency of activities and facilitate prioritization. Method: An action research carried out in two cycles at the Attorney General's Office of the State of Pernambuco, involving the development team and public managers. Result: The presentation of the method's effectiveness as a mechanism facilitating transparency and as a support to management in prioritization.
Auf unterschiedlichen Wegen
Authors: Mund Petra
Published: July 2021

Auch in Deutschland ist unter der Überschrift Social Entrepreneurship vermehrt ein Unternehmertum zu beobachten, dessen unternehmerischer Fokus auf der innovativen Lösung sozialer Probleme liegt. Bei näherer Betrachtung zeigen sich große Schnittmengen, die diese - auch als Social Startups oder social business bezeichneten - Unternehmen oftmals mit den klassischen (Wohlfahrts-)Organisationen der Sozialen Arbeit und ihren Zielen haben. Gleichzeitig können jedoch auch Unterschiede und Herausforderungen identifiziert werden. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert, ausgehend von einer begrifflichen Annäherung an Social Entrepreneurship, die Gemeinsamkeiten, Unterschiede und Herausforderungen, die sich Soziale Arbeit und Social Entrepreneuership auf ihren Wegen zum gleichen Ziel: der Lösung sozialer Probleme, stellen.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der EU-Sozialpolitik: effizientere Entscheidungsfindung durch Mehrheitsentscheidungen und differenzierte Integration?
Authors: Hartlapp Miriam
Published: July 2021

Design and adoption of common social policy is conditional. Limited competencies, institutional and organizational heterogeneity among member states, and ideological-programmatic majorities in the institutions of the European Union (EU) have led to far fewer new legal instruments in recent decades. One of the key challenges is the unanimity requirement in the Council, enshrined in the Treaties in areas of great member state sovereignty. In 2019 the Commission proposed to allow a transition to qualified majority voting. This paper discusses what the transition entails in legal and procedural terms and highlights three key advantages it holds. To this aim it provides an overview of the policy areas and instruments that the Commission would like to transfer to qualified majority voting. It outlines how the potential that majority voting offers for EU social policy could be exploited better with more ambitious initiatives and discusses differentiated integration as an alternative.
Der Brexit-Prozess: ein „wicked problem“ für die Europäische Union und die Integrationsforschung
Authors: Hüttmann Martin Große
Published: July 2021

The paper looks at the challenges Brexit poses for EU studies as well as European politics. It discusses the exit of the UK from the European Union as a ‘wicked problem’ and the Brexit negotiations as tightly coupled ‘multi-level games’. By bringing together the two theories the article is offering a new perspective on the complexity of the issues and negotiations on the one hand and the disorder that has been typical for the whole Brexit process on the other.
The Reconfiguration of Marketing Organization in the Age of Digital Transformation: A Paradox Perspective
Authors: Berger-Remy Fabienne , Laporte Marie-Eve , Aimé Isabelle
Published: July 2021

For most companies, digital transformation is at the top of the agenda. This article digs into the tensions faced by the marketing organization, which, along with other departments dealing with business intelligence, is particularly affected by the ongoing digital transformation. The goal of this research, which builds on the theory of paradox, is to explore how and to what extent these tensions produce changes inside large marketing organizations, which, in turn, leads to potential reconfigurations. A qualitative thematic study was conducted. It included 16 in-depth interviews with high-level internal and external consultants and data collected at 12 conferences. The findings show that the digital transformation of marketing is leading to unprecedented complexity. More specifically, they show the tensions resulting in three paradoxes: a learning paradox (the combination of traditional and digital marketing skills), an organizing paradox (both expertise and a holistic view), and a performing paradox (both customer and brand centricity). The findings also highlight the resolution strategies that these organizations adopt as they attempt to respond to these paradoxes. On this basis, different possible scenarios emerge and are discussed regarding the reconfiguration of the marketing organization.
Engaging Through Purpose: The Mediating Role of Person–Organizational Purpose Fit in the Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Purpose and Work Engagement
Authors: Ingen Ramon van , Ruiter Melanie De , Peters Pascale , Kodden Bas , Robben Henry
Published: July 2021

Drawing from self-determination theory and person-organization fit theory, the present study contributes to the literature on organizational purpose by examining the relationship between perceived organizational purpose and work engagement and the mediating role of person-organizational purpose (P-OP) fit herein. Based on data from a cross-sectional quantitative study among 517 knowledge workers from five financial service organizations, we tested two possible psychological mechanisms underlying the direct and indirect relationships between perceived organizational purpose and work engagement. The results of our structural equation modelling confirmed the hypothesized indirect effect model in which perceived organizational purpose was positively associated with work engagement, both directly and indirectly via P-OP fit. These findings show that organizational purpose has the capacity to directly and indirectly foster work engagement. The study suggests avenues for future research in OB, strategic HRM, and marketing.
Junge männliche Geflüchtete: Problematiken und Problemkonstruktionen
Authors: Scherr Albert , Breit Helen
Published: July 2021

Ausgehend von einer Kritik medialer und politischer Dramatisierung stellt der Beitrag Forschungsergebnisse zur Entstehung krisenhafter und scheiternder Integrationsverläufe bei jungen Geflüchteten dar. Aufgezeigt wird, dass junge Geflüchtete darauf verwiesen sind, gesellschaftliche Integrationserwartungen unter den Bedingungen ungünstiger biografischer Voraussetzungen sowie ausländer- und flüchtlingsrechtlicher Restriktionen zu bewältigen. Diskutiert werden empirische Befunde und theoretische Konzepte dazu, warum dies bei einem Teil junger Geflüchteter zu biografischen Krisen sowie selbst- und fremdschädigen Praktiken führen kann.
“We want to change realities here.” Motivations of actors in social agriculture fighting organized crime in Southern Italy
Authors: Elsen Susanne , Fazzi Luca
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag basiert auf 20 Tiefeninterviews mit verantwortlichen Akteur*innen von Sozialgenossenschaften, Konsortien und Netzwerken der Sozialen Landwirtschaft in vier süditalienischen Regionen, welche stark durchdrungen sind von organisierter Kriminalität. Die Forschung wurde vom September 2019 - März 2020 durchgeführt. Sie stellt folgende Fragen: Wer sind die Akteur*innen welche mit ihrer Arbeit eine Kultur der Legalität gegen das organisierte Verbrechen verbreiten wollen und welche Motivationen treiben sie? Welche Strategien wenden Sie in diesem herausfordernden Feld an? Welche unterstützenden und verhindernden Faktoren erfahren sie?
Die Neuentdeckung der Gemeinschaft – Ein Blick auf Quartier, Pflege und Kirche in Pandemiezeiten
Authors: Coenen-Marx Cornelia
Published: July 2021

Die Corona-Krise hat sichtbar gemacht, wie Globalisierung und die digitale Transformation die Gesellschaft verändert haben. In der „Gesellschaft der Singularitäten“ wächst die Einsamkeit.. Zugleich ist in den letzten Jahren eine Vielfalt an Projekten entstanden, die Bürgerinnen und Bürger im Sozialraum zusammenführen. Sorgende Gemeinschaften und Nachbarschaftsnetze erinnern an die Aufbrüche von Bürgerbewegungen und Vereinen in der Transformation zur Industriegesellschaft. Dabei können digitale Netzwerke eine unterstützende Rolle spielen. Damals wie heute geht es nicht nur um ehrenamtliche Bewegungen, sondern zugleich um die Weiterentwicklung von professionellen Sorgestrukturen in Organisationen und Kommunen sowie eine Reform des Sozialsystems auf kommunaler Ebene. Der klärende und kritische Rückblick auf die Bildung von Gemeinschaften in der „Inneren Mission“ des 19. Jahrhunderts macht deutlich, dass und wie Gemeinschaft heute neu erfahren wird und neu gedacht werden muss. Anders als in den sozialpatriarchalen Strukturen, die in der Corona-Krise zum Teil wieder auflebten, sind Selbstbestimmung und Inklusion der „Betroffenen“ wesentliche Kriterien - genauso wie Vielfalt, immer neue Öffnung und Bereitschaft, sich mit dem/ den „Anderen“ auseinanderzusetzen. Für die Kirchen bedeutet das, sich- ins Quartier zu öffnen, Fragen und Ideen aus der Zivilgesellschaft aufzunehmen und kooperativ mit anderen Trägern zusammen zu arbeiten.
Erfolg und Scheitern bei Betriebsratsgründungen nach Privatisierungen
Authors: Jung Konstantin
Published: July 2021

When a director's market is transferred to a self-reliant retailer, the parties involved, for example the employer, employees or the union, should consider whether a works council needs to be established. This study examines the exact process of setting up a works council and the factors that contribute to its success or failure. The book’s analysis of the process of successful and failed works council formations focuses firstly on the chronology of triggers, corporative actors and procedures. Secondly, the study concentrates on structures, agents and their interactions, which corresponds back to structuration theory. The author analyses changes in co-determination, which is understood as a social practice, on the basis of five empirically collected cases.
Důvodové zprávy a úmysl zákonodárce: teoreticko-empirický pohled
Authors: Malaník Michal
Published: July 2021

Tento článek se zaměřuje na přiblížení pojmu důvodová zpráva z teoretického a empirického pohledu, se speciálním zaměřením na koncept „úmysl zákonodárce“. Jeho cílem je připomenout, co důvodová zpráva je, ale zejména k čemu může sloužit v právní praxi (v rámci legislativního procesu a dále při interpretaci práva soudy). Zaměřuje se také na problematiku úmyslu zákonodárce, kdy upozorňuje na možná chápání, přístupy a východiska práce s tímto konceptem v kontextu důvodových zpráv. Krom tohoto teoretického rozměru však článek přichází i s originálními empirickými zjištěními vycházejícími z informací, které byly získány v rámci výzkumu tvorby práva českými legislativci. Článek se ale neomezuje pouze na poznatky vyplývající z tuzemského prostředí, ale srovnává je s vybranými názory zahraničních autorů. Tento článek tedy má potenciál obohatit povědomí o důvodových zprávách, napomoci s uchopením konceptu „úmysl zákonodárce“ a podat pomocnou ruku v otázce jejich pochopení na teoretické úrovni i v rámci jejich praktického využití.
Relicthemisia, a new subgenus of the oil-collecting bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 with notes on distribution and host plants of C. xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Vivallo Felipe , Zanella Fernando César Vieira
Published: July 2021

Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 is a relict species, endemic to northeastern Brazil and broadly recorded within the semiarid region of Caatinga xerophilous open vegetation. It was originally included in the subgenus Paracentris Cameron, 1903 but posteriorly interpreted as remotely related to it or to the subgenus Centris s. str. Fabricius, 1804. In this paper it is proposed to recognize this species as the single member of the monotypic Relicthemisia, a new subgenus which belongs to the ‘Centris group’, one of the main internal lineages of the genus. The proposition of this new subgenus is based on both, morphological and molecular data which indicate its long history as a distinct lineage. Distribution records, floral hosts as well as photographs of both sexes of C. xanthomelaena are also provided.
Replacement of conventional plastic shampoo packaging for biodegradable ones – a survey.
Authors: Saboia Laís Da Costa , Oliveira Renata Nunes
Published: July 2021

Packaging is present in our daily lives, however, packaging for cosmetics is based on polymers from petroleum, which cause environmental impacts. A promising alternative would be the usage of biodegradable materials, such as biopolymers packaging. The present work proposed a survey to map public opinion about hygienic products change. 151 people from different segments of society answered the survey (questions related to environmental awareness, possible acceptability of changing traditional shampoos packaging for biodegradable ones). It was also observed the influence of the level of education on these choices. A large part of the participants was willing to accept products encased in biodegradable materials, but these group of people would have caution due to probable increase of price. In addition, there is a correlation between level of education and the attitude towards the environmental perspective, so those who studied more, tend to have more positive attitudes towards the environment
Relato de experiência de intercâmbio voluntário no Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Criança, Lima – Peru
Authors: Campos Evelyn Ortiz , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos
Published: July 2021

O presente relato tem o objetivo de descrever as vivências de intercâmbio voluntário desenvolvido por uma acadêmica de nutrição no Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Criança (Instituto Nacional de Salud Del Niño), na cidade de Lima, Peru, no período de fevereiro a março de 2020. As atividades realizadas durante a participação no Programa Lá Compañía,  tiveram o intuito de acompanhar crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados, fornecendo apoio educacional e recreativo, a fim de contribuir no bem estar e no suporte emocional aos pacientes. Neste local houve o conhecimento do funcionamento da saúde pública do país, a troca de experiência entre estudantes intercambistas de varios países, além de atividades culturais. A realização do intercâmbio trouxe a estudante diversas vivências que forneceram ganhos profissionais e crescimento pessoal com o desenvolvimento ligado ao altruismo
A Inserção de Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no Contexto Escolar, Familiar e Social
Authors: Munhos Partyka Julia , Marçal Garcia Eduardo , Lopes Maciel Bolsoni Ludmila , Piffer Tomasi Baldez da Silva Maria Fernanda
Published: July 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo geral investigar a inserção da criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na escola, família e sociedade. Os objetivos específicos foram indagar sobre a relação da criança autista com os professores e colegas de classe, perguntar a respeito da relação da criança autista com a família e cuidadores e questionar sobre o relacionamento da criança autista com a sociedade em geral. A metodologia incluiu um questionário para pais ou cuidadores em relação à percepção deles para com as crianças autistas quanto às dificuldades comunicativas. Os principais resultados obtidos foram sobre a sociedade possuir poucas informações de como se relacionar socialmente com um indivíduo autista, além de que as pessoas muitas vezes estranham ou evitam as crianças com TEA.
Spatial and transport development along European corridors: Strengthening the capacity of local stakeholders in transnational cooperation
Authors: Acebillo Pablo
Published: July 2021

Integrated spatial and transport corridor development is one of the strategies to affect trade, economic and demographic performance in linear systems around the world. However, such development can be elaborated at different levels: from exploring the dynamics of transnational cooperation, across analysing the extent of integration between spatial and transport policies within the states along the corridor, to focusing on the role of local stakeholders in supranational issues. Since this paper presents the initial phase of the European project on transnational cooperation in the domain of integrated spatial and transport development along the Hamburg-Athens corridor, the paper aims at providing a scientific-based overview on the mentioned corridor in the frame of an infrastructure programme initiated by the European Commission. The character of the paper is mainly descriptive thus elucidating the ongoing research being conducted through the mentioned project. For this purpose, the multi-scalar perspective (i.e. global, regional, local) is used to analyse several indicators regarding the trade, economy and demography. Such a thorough overview is believed to provide a better examination of the current situation. Some general recommendations for strengthening the role of local authorities in a complex process of transnational cooperation are briefly given in the final part of the paper.
Esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas in Northern Macedonia: A series of patients treated at the University Clinic, between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Grivčeva-Stardelova Kalina , Deriban Gjorgji , Stefanovski Goran , Genadieva-Dimitrova Magdalena , Ličovska-Josifović Fana , Todorovska Beti , Adem Dzem , Sazdovska Sanja , Čagoroska Žaklina
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The global burden of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is growing. Stomach, colon and liver are among the five most common sites for GIC in men and women worldwide. The incidence of GIC shows significant variation in Europe and North America. Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe hospital morbidity from GI cancer at the University Clinic in Northern Macedonia. Materials and methods: A retrospective longitudinal analysis included a series of cases with GIC, at the University Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology (UCG) in Skopje, in the period 2015-2019. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe hospital morbidity from GIC, and its distribution by age, sex, and cancer site. Results: In a five-year period, a total of 2,831 patients with GIC were treated at the UCG, of which 1,484 patients had colorectal cancer, 763 patients had gastric cancer and 88 patients had esophageal cancer. Although liver cancers were less common, as many as one eighth of such patients (355 or 13%) had nonspecific liver malignancy. Most patients were in the 60-69 age group, with the exception of esophageal cancer. An increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer was observed, almost equal, when considering the distribution by sex, and mainly in the age groups 60-69 and 70-79 years. Conclusion: Hospital morbidity due to GIC in North Macedonia shows an increasing trend, so it is important to determine how much screening has contributed to the early detection of these cancers and to ensure access to and availability of therapy for hepatitis B and C.
Unknown and ill-defined causes of death in the mortality of the populations of Serbia, Croatia, North Macedonia, and Slovenia, in the period between 2007 and 2016
Authors: Rosić Nataša
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Data on the cause of death form the cornerstone for analyzing the health situation and disease in countries, and they make a major contribution to building evidence for health policies. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which diagnoses from the group - Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99), International Classification of Diseases (ICD - Revision X) were used as the main cause of death in Serbia, Croatia, North Macedonia, and Slovenia in the ten-year period, 2007 - 2016. Materials and methods: Methods of descriptive and analytical statistics were used in this research. An analysis of data on the causes of death (R00-R99 ICD - Revision X), by gender, during the ten-year period (2007 - 2016) was performed. Linear regression was also used as an analytical method to analyze the trend. Results: During the ten-year period, in Serbia, the R00-R99 diagnoses were among the five most common groups of diagnoses of death, i.e., in each year they took third place, with a percentage of 4.7%. In the observed period, in the surrounding countries, there was an increase in the death rate in Slovenia, with the highest rate in 2016 (19.9), while in Croatia there was a decrease in the death rate related to the diagnoses from group XVIII ICD - X (R00-R99). In Macedonia, the rate had a linear trend, with a slight decline in 2012 (52.3) and 2013 (58.7). In the observed period, an increase in the death rate of the population of Serbia with an unknown cause of death was observed, with particularly high rates in 2009 and 2016. Comparative analysis has shown that R00-R99 diagnoses are represented more in the mortality statistics of Serbia than in Slovenia and Croatia, and less than in Northern Macedonia. Conclusion: Urgent interventions are needed to improve the quality of mortality statistics and data on the causes of death in the described countries.
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia: Incidence, clinical and laboratory features and prognostic significance
Authors: Cvetković Mirjana , Mitrović Mirjana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has the highest risk for overt disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), with reported incidence of DIC of up to 90%, as compared to 10-40% in other AML types. The influence of DIC on early death in non-APL AML patients has not been evaluated so far. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of DIC, its clinical and laboratory characteristics, and the impact on the survival and early death of patients with non-APL AML. Materials and methods: A total of 176 patients with non-APL AML, diagnosed and treated at the Clinic for Hematology of the Clinical Center of Serbia, between 2015 and 2020, were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis of DIC was made on the basis of ISTH (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasias) criteria. Results: The mean age of our patients was 53.8 ± 14.6 years, with 99/176 patients being men (56.2%). DIC was present in 74/176 patients (42.05%), who had a significant prevalence of the hemorrhagic syndrome (p = 0.01). The risk factors for overt DIC were the following: older age (p <0.01), comorbidities (p = 0.01), leukocytosis (p <0.001) and a high level of LDH (p <0.001). The FAB (French, American and British) type of non-APL AML, the cytogenetic risk group, and CD56 (cluster of differentiation) had no influence on overt DIC (p > 0.05). No difference was found in early mortality, outcome, and the survival of non-APL AML patients, with and without DIC (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Older age at diagnosis, comorbidities, leukocytosis, and high LDH concentrations are found to be adverse risk factors for overt DIC in non-APL AML patients. If treated promptly, with immediate, adequate and intensive use of blood derivates and components, DIC has no negative impact on early mortality, outcome, and survival.
Lesions on the soft palate caused by oral sexual intercourse: A case report
Authors: Bjekić Milan , Ivanovski Kiro
Published: July 2021

Background/Aim: Oral sex is a common practice in sexually active people of all ages, including teenagers and can be accompanied by sexually transmitted infections and trauma of the oral or genital region. The aim of this study was to present the lesions on the soft palate that occurred after receptive oral sexual intercourse. Case report: We present a 17-year-old student with fellatio-associated purpuric lesions on the soft palate, which disappeared spontaneously within ten days. Conclusion: Dental care professionals should be aware that petechial oral lesions may result from sexual intercourse and data on oral sex practice should always be taken.
Smartphone addiction
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

The number of smartphone users worldwide exceeds three billion today and further growth of several hundred million is projected over the next few years. The development of multifunctional smartphones and their use have changed the way of communication and information, but also led to concerns about their excessive use and dependence. In recent years, research on smartphone addiction has been on the rise. Parallels between excessive smartphone use and behavioral addiction are common in research. According to many authors, "smartphone addiction" can be considered a behavioral addiction. There is evidence for structural and functional changes in the brain, characteristic of behavioral addictions, in people who meet the psychometric criteria for "smartphone addiction." Some authors even suggest criteria for diagnosing smartphone addiction. On the other hand, some authors believe that the use of the term "addiction" can misrepresent the severity of the disorder, and therefore suggest the use of the term "problematic smartphone use". Due to growing concerns about the excessive use of smartphones, much is being done to identify and assess problematic smartphone use, mainly through the development and application of behavioral assessment scales. These scales are specially developed and validated to identify problematic smartphone use or to diagnose people with smartphone addiction, overuse, excessive phone attachment, etc. However, despite the fact that most of these scales are designed to be used for clinical purposes in the future, the problematic use of smartphones as a type of addiction is not in the International Classification of Diseases and these scales are still used only for research purposes. The use of the terms " problematic smartphone use " and "smartphone addiction", different methodological approaches used in the study, such as the application of different scales and the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, make it difficult to define "smartphone addiction". All this supports the fact that "smartphone addiction" is a complex phenomenon that requires additional research.
Prevalence of the student's gender in their daily interactions with devices on the Internet
Authors: Vidal Inés María González
Published: July 2021

The health crisis caused by COVID-19 views technological innovation as a way to improve equity in education. Gender differences in education are under constant investigation due to the long-term consequences on the personal and professional future of students. The goal of this work is to analyze the prevalence of the student's gender in their daily interactions with devices on the Internet. Supported by a comparative education research methodology. A representative sample of a population of students of Spain, countries of the EU (European Union) and theOECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) are contrasted. The regression analysis and an adjustment by coefficient of determination determined the intensity of the dependency relationship between the independent variables: daily participation in social networks, daily participation in online games, daily reading of online news and the dependent variable is the average mathematical score. The results are compared with other investigations conducted in virtual teaching and learning environments. In fact, there are patterns of behavior and responses of students when considering gender differences in their daily interactions with devices on the Internet. This work highlights the importance of a gender approach to improve virtual educational proposals.
Países emergentes como taxón en Educación Comparada e Internacional
Authors: Wolhuter Charl
Published: July 2021

Estudiosos de las bases teóricas y metodológicas del campo de la Educación Comparada y la Educación internacional lleva algún tiempo abogando por un mayor uso de los niveles de análisis supranacionales y también por la consideración de nuevos taxones supranacionales, en lugar de muchas de las agrupaciones supranacionales problemáticas utilizadas libremente por los académicos en esta disciplina. Este artículo argumenta el caso de hacer uso de los países emergentes como taxón en ella. El artículo revisa los argumentos a favor del nivel supranacional de análisis tal como presentan teóricos especializados, el estado actual de los análisis supranacionales y los taxones que son empleados por académicos en el campo. Después, los méritos de desarrollar un taxón de países emergentes son discutidos. El concepto de «países emergentes» fue introducido por el economista del Banco Mundial Antoine van Agtmael en 1981 y, desde entonces, ha sido elaborado en pocas ocasiones en diferentes circunscripciones donde el término ha tenido una recepción favorable (Ver Van Agtmael, 2013). A continuación, el autor presenta una agrupación tentativa y describe los contextos sociales y los proyectos educativos en estos países, y argumenta que estos países se presentan colectivamente como un laboratorio educativo particularmente dinámico en el mundo actual, digno de ser empleado como taxón en el campo académico de los estudios comparativos e internacionales de la Educación. También se hacen recomendaciones para las subcategorías.