bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing in Colombia: A View from the Sociology of Professions
Authors: Gomez-Bustamante Edna Margarita ,   Universidad de Cartagena
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: analizar el proceso de profesionalización de la enfermería en Colombia a partir de la sociología de las profesiones; de igual manera, se expone una reflexión sobre el papel protagónico que deben asumir los currículos para fortalecer el ser y el quehacer de la profesión. Método: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica y manual de la literatura que incluyó bases de datos, revistas, libros y tesis doctorales, direccionada por los descriptores profesiones, educación, enfermería y sociología. Resultados: se revisaron solo estudios y textos en español e inglés; la información recolectada se organizó en las categorías profesión, profesionalización, profesionalización de la enfermería. Conclusión: se muestra que el proceso de profesionalización de la enfermería evidencia adelantos importantes, pero está sujeto a tensiones y conflictos que derivan en la necesidad de asumir desde los programas de formación un rol protagónico que permita consolidar y fortalecer dicho proceso.
Adherence to Self-Care among Persons with Cardiovascular Disease: An Approach Based on the Orem Model of Nursing
Authors: Olivella-Fernandez Madeleine Cecilia , Bastidas-Sánchez Clara Victoria , Castiblanco-Amaya Myriam Angelica ,   Universidad del Tolima
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: el presente artículo constituye una actualización del papel fundamental de los profesionales de enfermería en el cuidado de las personas con enfermedad crónica de origen cardiovascular. Método: se abordan dos aspectos importantes: la adherencia y el autocuidado. Esta revisión pretende trascender la visión biomédica con que se originó la concepción de adherencia terapéutica por una mirada integradora del autocuidado. Resultados: se aclara el significado del autocuidado al presentar una desviación de la salud como un sistema integrador que permite al enfermo ser competente en su autocuidado —desde el diagnóstico y durante toda la trayectoria de la enfermedad—, permitiéndole aplicar el conocimiento relevante o significativo brindado por los prestadores de salud, y que es necesario para mantenerse estable. Conclusiones: se presenta la complejidad del autocuidado desde el quehacer de enfermería, abordando el Modelo de Orem que constituye un aporte disciplinar importante y una opción de vida para la persona que padece enfermedad cardiovascular.
Research to Test Theory: An Approach from Cardiovascular Nursing
Authors: Céspedes-Cuevas Viviana Marycel ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: July 2014

El presente artículo reporta los resultados de una investigación descriptiva de comprobación teórica que prueba y verifica los planteamientos del Modelo Conceptual del Manejo del Síntoma en la primera dimensión. La muestra fue de 380 mujeres hospitalizadas con diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome coronario agudo. Las Ecuaciones Estructurales fueron utilizadas para el análisis. Usando la técnica de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio los componentes de Percepción, Evaluación y Respuesta, fueron tratados como funciones conjuntas de la variable latente “Experiencia del síntoma” . A partir de todas las posibles combinaciones de las agrupaciones identificadas, se expusieron tres (3) Modelos con un adecuado ajuste entre el Modelo hipotetizado y los datos, los cuales mostraron que el componente de Evaluación se manifiesta en la Experiencia del síntoma. Los resultados de este estudio generan un aporte a la teoría y a la investigación, además de mostrar la importancia de las intervenciones de tipo cognitivo para promover una respuesta favorable de la mujer con Síndrome Coronario agudo, en el proceso de afrontamiento ante la enfermedad.
Chronic Illness and Suffering: A Literature Review
Authors: Montalvo-Prieto Amparo Astrid , Cabrera-Nanclares Boris , Quiñones-Arrieta Sandra ,   Universidad de Cartagena
Published: July 2014

Con el propósito de conocer los desarrollos que la enfermería ha alcanzado acerca del cuidado de pacientes con enfermedad crónica, de sus familiares, y su sufrimiento, así como los instrumentos propuestos para medirlo, se realizó una revisión de la literatura a partir de los descriptores: sufrimiento, instrumentos, enfermos crónicos, enfermería (circunscrito a la persona con enfermedad crónica que sufre), y las escalas que se utilizan para evaluarlo. La búsqueda se hizo en las bases de datos SciELO, Nursing Consult, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCOhost; se revisaron un total de 116 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron 40 que trataban la cronicidad y su afectación emocional en las personas, el sufrimiento, el cuidado de enfermería y los instrumentos utilizados para medirlo. Los resultados de la búsqueda evidenciaron los escasos estudios que enfermería ha realizado sobre el tema, aunque destacan la importancia que tiene para la disciplina comprender el sufrimiento de las personas en condición de cronicidad, porque permite asumir en el cuidado la totalidad del ser humano, con un trato digno y humanizado, y fortalecer a través de la investigación el cuidado del paciente con sufrimiento tanto físico como emocional
The Positivist Epistemológical Trend and its Influence on the Generation of Knowledge in Nursing
Authors: Seguel-Palma Fredy Andrés , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra , Sanhueza-Alvarado Olivia ,   Universidad Austral de Chile
Published: July 2014

Los paradigmas son múltiples movimientos de pensamientos filosóficos y formas de buscar la verdad que entran en conflicto de acuerdo con los postulados ideológicos vigentes. Dentro de ellos, el positivismo y pospositivismo se orientan hacia un trabajo metodológico de investigación que ha prevalecido por sobre otras manifestaciones investigativas identificando la realidad en forma objetiva y empírica. El propósito de este trabajo es describir la evolución histórica en la época contemporánea del paradigma positivista como un sello importante en las estrategias metodológicas de investigación en enfermería, y relacionado con el paradigma de categorización que caracterizó las primeras etapas de evolución de la disciplina.
Model of Sexual Resilience in the Adolescent: Middle Range Theory
Authors: Castillo-Arcos Lubia del Carmen , Benavides-Torres Raquel Alicia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Published: July 2014

Para el profesional de enfermería es indispensable contar con teorías propias que le ayuden a sustentar científicamente el cuidado, haciendo de esta forma una práctica disciplinar más autónoma y segura. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo generar una teoría de rango medio para dar explicación al fenómeno de la conducta sexual de riesgo en el adolescente. Se utilizó el método de derivación teórica de Fawcett para realizar la estructuración conceptual-teórica-empírica de la teoría propuesta. La revisión de la literatura permitió realizar la estructura del Modelo de resiliencia sexual en el adolescente a partir de los conceptos y las proposiciones que integran los factores de riesgo, factores protectores y factor resultado que influyen en la resiliencia durante la etapa de desarrollo del adolescente. Asimismo, el modelo contribuye al diseño de intervenciones psicoeducativas dirigidas a la prevención de conductas sexuales de riesgo para VIH.
The Integration of Alternative Medicine into Colombian Health Care Services
Authors: Pinto-Barrero Manuel Ignacio , Ruiz-Díaz Paola ,   Hospital de Tunjuelito
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: presentar, mediante el análisis de la literatura, el avance de la integración de la medicina alternativa y complementaria en la prestación de servicios de salud en Colombia y que corresponde a la tendencia mundial en este sentido, lo cual es coherente con la “Estrategia de la OMS 2002-2005” que comprende cuatro objetivos: 1) integrar la Medicina Tradicional y la Medicina Alternativa y Complementaria; 2) promover la seguridad, eficacia y calidad de la MT/MAC; 3) aumentar la disponibilidad y asequibilidad de la MT/MAC con énfasis en las poblaciones más pobres, y 4) fomentar el uso terapéutico sólido de la MT/MAC por parte de consumidores y proveedores. Método: estudio descriptivo basado en artículos encontrados en las bases de datos Scielo, Bireme, Medline y Pubmed para evaluar la integración de la MAC en los servicios de salud en Colombia, Argentina, Brasil y México. Resultados: el uso de las MAC se ha hecho frecuente en el mundo. Pacientes, médicos y otros profesionales de la salud las consideran como opción para utilizarlas como tratamiento complementario o como otra forma de tratar a sus pacientes. Conclusión: un modelo de atención en salud que incluya las MAC puede traer ventajas sobre la humanización de la atención, costos de los medicamentos y uso de servicios de alta complejidad. Es necesario realizar trabajos tendentes a evaluar esta inclusión y desarrollar espacios académicos y de formación en este campo.
Adherence to the Treatment of Children Living with HIV: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Rolim de Holanda Eliane , De Souza Maria Amelia , Rolim de Holanda Viviane , Josino dos Santos Sônia Maria , Gimeniz Galvão Marli Teresinha , De Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: Analizar el concepto de la adherencia al tratamiento de los niños que viven con el VIH, expresado en la literatura de la salud, haciendo la identificación de sus atributos esenciales, antecedentes y consecuencias. Método: método evolutivo de análisis de concepto propuesto por Rodgers para evaluar los 17 artículos que se centraron en el tema del estudio. Resultados: identificado como atributos esenciales que caracterizan el concepto. A raíz de la prescripción por el binomio niño-familia, la disponibilidad de formulaciones pediátricas, acompañamiento clínico y de laboratorio regulares, adecuación de los hábitos y toma de decisiones compartida entre el cuidador y el niño. Conclusiones: con base en los elementos identificados, se elaboró una definición consensuada en que se entiende la adherencia al tratamiento de los niños VIH positivos como un proceso de colaboración que va más allá de tomar los medicamentos, teniendo en cuenta el dinamismo, los aspectos de la familia, la vida cotidiana de los niños, la parte social, económica y estructural del fenómeno en estudio. Los hallazgos permiten una comprensión más amplia del concepto y ofrecer subsidios para la prestación de la atención integral dirigida a controlar la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida. Se sugiere la formación de grupos multidisciplinarios dedicados a la realización de trabajos educativos sobre las dificultades en el cumplimiento, la promoción de un espacio de intercambio de experiencias y el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento
Training of Informal Caregivers: Relationship to the Time Spent Caring for Dependent Seniors over Age 65
Authors: Zambrano-Domínguez Encarnación María , Guerra-Martín María Dolores ,   Hospital San Juan de Dios
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: analizar la formación recibida de los cuidadores informales de personas dependientes mayores de 65 años enrelación con el tiempo de cuidado, de la Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) de Los Palacios y Villafranca, de Sevilla (España) durante el periodo de octubre de 2010 a mayo de 2011. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Muestra: 41 cuidadores. Muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Cuestionario de elaboración propia. Análisis de datos mediante SPSS versión 18.0. Resultados: un 58,5% de las personas cuidadoras no han recibido ningún tipo de formación. De los/as cuidadores/as que han recibido formación, esta ha sido mayoritariamente sobre los cuidados básicos que precisa la persona cuidada. La institución encargada de la formación en la mayoría de los casos ha sido la Unidad de Gestión Clínica, y en cuanto a los profesionales, han sido sobre todo enfermeros. El 50% de los/as cuidadores/as informales llevan como cuidador una media de 7,6 años. El promedio del tiempo dedicado diariamente al cuidado en horas es de 10,9 horas. Discusión/conclusiones: los cuidadores/as informales de la muestra estudiada quellevan más años dedicados/as al cuidado de una persona dependiente mayor de 65 años son los/as que han recibido en mayor proporción algún tipo de formación.
A Scale to Assess the Ethical Conduct of Nurses in Patient Care
Authors: Lagunes Córdoba Roberto , Hernández Manzanares María Antonia ,   Hospital Regional de Veracruz
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de construir una escala de evaluación de la conducta ética del personal de enfermería en el cuidado de los pacientes basada en las tres premisas fundamentales de la teoría del cuidado de Jean Watson. La versión final del cuestionario consta de 13 reactivos tipo Likert que reflejan los contenidos de las premisas fundamentales de la mencionada teoría. La validez del cuestionario se determinó por medio del análisis factorial con extracción de componentes principales y rotación varimax. Del análisis surgieron cuatro factores que explican el 64% de la varianza. Tres de los factores corresponden a las premisas fundamentales de la teoría, mientras que el cuarto factor está relacionado con la comunicación y la empatía. La adecuación de la muestra para el análisis factorial se confirmó mediante el cociente de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0,848), la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett (p < 0,001) y el cálculo de la determinante de la matriz de correlaciones (0,006). La confiabilidad por consistencia interna de la escala global es alta ( = 0,85). Se concluye que el instrumento es válido, confiable, y representa un medio conveniente para evaluar el comportamiento ético del personal de enfermería al proporcionar cuidado al paciente hospitalizado.
Applicability of the Criteria of Rigor and Ethics in Qualitative Research
Authors: Noreña Ana Lucia , Alcaraz-Moreno Noemi , Rojas Juan Guillermo , Rebolledo Malpica Dinora ,   Universidad de Alicante
Published: July 2014

Este trabajo tiene como propósito realizar una reflexión acerca de cómo garantizar la calidad de un estudio cualitativo. Se destacan como conceptos básicos los criterios de rigor y los aspectos éticos que necesitan ser considerados en el desarrollo de una investigación bajo este paradigma. A su vez, se describen la fiabilidad y la validez, y los respectivos criterios que permiten su verificación. También, se detallan aquellos componentes éticos que requieren ser vigilados en el proceso de la investigación y que contribuyen a que exista un cuidado riguroso de la calidad y el rigor científico. En conclusión, el artículo resalta como pilares fundamentales los criterios de rigor y éticos, y su respectiva vinculación, para la evaluación de estudios que busquen explorar aspectos subjetivos de naturaleza humana.
Health-promoting Behavior among Students at an Institution of Higher Education
Authors: Triviño-Vargas Zaider Gloria ,   Universidad del Valle
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: determinar factores predictores que influencian conductas promotoras de salud según modelo de enfermería Pender en estudiantes de una institución de educación superior de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Diseño descriptivo correlacional, con muestra de 384 estudiantes, aleatoria estratificada, con nivel de confianza de 95% (¬¬p ≤ 0,05), margen de error del 5%. Las variables fueron la conducta promotora de salud y los factores biopsicosocioculturales. Se aplicaron los instrumentos: escala estilo de vida promotor de salud II para medir la variable dependiente, percepción de autoeficacia, percepción del estado de salud y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: El 50,1% de estudiantes obtuvo conductas promotoras de salud superiores a la media. Las conductas fortalecidas en estudiantes por encima de la media fueron: crecimiento espiritual (61,7%), relaciones interpersonales (53,4%), responsabilidad en salud (50,5%); las deficitarias por debajo de la media, actividad física (46,7%), manejo del estrés (46%) y nutrición (49,6%). Según modelo de regresión múltiple, los factores que predijeron mayor variabilidad en la conducta promotora de salud II, fueron: percepción del estado de salud, autoeficacia y tipo de relación familiar en la vivienda (R2 = 11,6%, p < 0,05). Conclusión: estos factores se consideraron con influencia baja sobre la conducta promotora de estudiantes, pero se recomendó tenerlos en cuenta en la promoción del cuidado de estudiantes.
Litoral norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul: indicadores socioeconômicos e principais problemas ambientais
Authors: Fujimoto Nina Simone V. Moura , Strohaecker Tania Marques , Gruber Nelson Luís Sambaqui , Kunst Aline Vicente , Ferreira Anelise Helm
Published: July 2014

A região do Litoral Norte, um dos segmentos da Zona Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, distingue-se pelaseqüência de ambientes longitudinais à costa. Após a área de interface com o mar, identifica-se umaplanície sedimentar costeira, constituída por dunas, além de um rosário de lagoas litorâneas, chegandoaté as escarpas do Planalto Meridional, entalhadas pelos vales dos rios Maquiné e Três Forquilhas. Asrelações entre sociedade e natureza ampliaram-se nas últimas décadas e, em especial, na Zona Costeirapor causa, entre outros fatores, do processo de urbanização. No entanto, esse rápido crescimentoocasionou uma série de problemas para um ambiente caracterizado por ecossistemas diversificados ede grande suscetibilidade. A análise do índice de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, elaborado pelaFundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE) do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, classifica a região doLitoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul dentro de um perfil de médio desenvolvimento. Os investimentosem saúde e educação realizados nos últimos anos melhoraram sensivelmente os indicadores da região.No entanto, é necessário canalizar mais recursos em setores-chave, principalmente no tocante à demandapelo ensino médio, ao abastecimento de água por rede geral, à rede coletora e destinação doesgoto cloacal e ao destino final dos resíduos sólidos. Os problemas ambientais mais significativos,exacerbados nos meses de dezembro a março, são relativos ao abastecimento e a qualidade das águas, a ampliação na demanda por serviços de saúde, a balneabilidade das praias, o esgotamento sanitário,a disposição dos resíduos sólidos, os conflitos de uso na faixa de praia, a ampliação no número demoradias irregulares, poluição hídrica, sonora e visual, entre outros.
A Low-Cost, Light-Weight Climbing Robot for Inspection of Class Curtains
Authors: Liang Ran , Altaf Meteb , Ahmad Eball , Liu Rong , Wang Ke
Published: July 2014

This paper presents design of a climbing robot for inspection of glass curtain walls. The double-chamber structure enables the robot to climb over grooves on the glasses. In order to reduce the weight, both number and shape of the chambers are specially considered, and the pressure structure is optimized by FEA method. The statics models of different adsorption situations are also analyzed and deduced for the operational safety. In addition, design of the working arm and the wireless control system are introduced in detail. Finally, experiments of the robot are illustrated, including adsorption on different surfaces, vertical and horizontal groove-crossing as well as glass inspection. These experiments fully prove the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the climbing performance of the robot.
Tumescent Local Anesthesia for Hand Surgery: Improved Results, Cost Effectiveness, and Wide-Awake Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Lalonde Donald , Martin Alison
Published: July 2014

This is a review article of the wide-awake approach to hand surgery. More than 95% of all hand surgery can now be performed without a tourniquet. Epinephrine is injected with lidocaine for hemostasis and anesthesia instead of a tourniquet and sedation. This is sedation-free surgery, much like a visit to a dental office. The myth of danger of using epinephrine in the finger is reviewed. The wide awake technique is greatly improving results in tendon repair, tenolysis, and tendon transfer. Here, we will explain its advantages.
The Use of Matriderm and Autologous Skin Graft in the Treatment of Full Thickness Skin Defects
Authors: Min Jang Hwan , Yun In Sik , Lew Dae Hyun , Roh Tai Suk , Lee Won Jai
Published: July 2014

Background For patients with full thickness skin defects, autologous Split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) are generally regarded as the mainstay of treatment. However, skin grafts have some limitations, including undesirable outcomes resulting from scars, poor elasticity, and limitations in joint movement due to contractures. In this study, we present outcomes of Matriderm grafts used for various skin tissue defects whether it improves on these drawbacks.

Methods From January 2010 to March 2012, a retrospective review of patients who had undergone autologous STSG with Matriderm was performed. We assessed graft survival to evaluate the effectiveness of Matriderm. We also evaluated skin quality using a Cutometer, Corneometer, Tewameter, or Mexameter, approximately 12 months after surgery.

Results A total of 31 patients underwent STSG with Matriderm during the study period. The success rate of skin grafting was 96.7%. The elasticity value of the portion on which Matriderm was applied was 0.765 (range, 0.635-0.800), the value of the trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was 10.0 (range, 8.15-11.00) g/hr/m2, and the humidification value was 24.0 (range, 15.5-30.0). The levels of erythema and melanin were 352.0 arbitrary unit (AU) (range, 299.25-402.75 AU) and 211.0 AU (range, 158.25-297.00 AU), respectively. When comparing the values of elasticity and TEWL of the skin treated with Matriderm to the values of the surrounding skin, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that a dermal substitute (Matriderm) with STSG was adopted stably and with minimal complications. Furthermore, comparing Matriderm grafted skin to normal skin using Cutometer, Matriderm proved valuable in restoring skin elasticity and the skin barrier.
Subunit Principle of Vulvar Reconstruction: Algorithm and Outcomes
Authors: Tan Bien-Keem , Kang Gavin Chun-Wui , Tay Eng Hseon , Por Yong Chen
Published: July 2014

Background Vulvar defects result chiefly from oncologic resection of vulvar tumors. Reconstruction of vulvar defects restores form and function for the purpose of coitus, micturition, and defecation. Many surgical options exist for vulvar reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with vulvar reconstruction.

Methods From 2007 to 2013, 43 women presented to us with vulvar defects for reconstruction. Their mean age at the time of reconstruction was 61.1 years. The most common cause of vulvar defect was from resection of vulvar carcinoma and extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva. Method s of reconstruction ranged from primary closure to skin grafting to the use of pedicled flaps.

Results The main complications were that of long term hypertrophic and/or unaesthetic scarring of the donor site in 4 patients. Twenty-two patients (51%) were able to resume sexual intercourse. There were no complications of flap loss, wound dehiscence, and urethral stenosis.

Conclusions We present a subunit algorithmic approach to vulvar reconstruction based on defect location within the vulva, dimension of the defect, and patient age and comorbidity. The gracilis and gluteal fold flaps are particularly versatile and aesthetically suited for reconstruction of a variety of vulvar defects. From an aesthetic viewpoint the gluteal fold flap was superior because of the well-concealed donor scar. We advocate the routine use of these 2 flaps for vulvar reconstruction.
Treatment of Ischial Pressure Sores with Both Profunda Femoris Artery Perforator Flaps and Muscle Flaps
Authors: Kim Chae Min , Yun In Sik , Lee Dong Won , Lew Dae Hyun , Rah Dong Kyun , Lee Won Jai
Published: July 2014

Background Reconstruction of ischial pressure sore defects is challenging due to extensive bursas and high recurrence rates. In this study, we simultaneously applied a muscle flap that covered the exposed ischium and large bursa with sufficient muscular volume and a profunda femoris artery perforator fasciocutaneous flap for the management of ischial pressure sores.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 14 patients (16 ischial sores) whose ischial defects had been reconstructed using both a profunda femoris artery perforator flap and a muscle flap between January 2006 and February 2014. We compared patient characteristics, operative procedure, and clinical course.

Results All flaps survived the entire follow-up period. Seven patients (50%) had a history of surgery at the site of the ischial pressure sore. The mean age of the patients included was 52.8 years (range, 18-85 years). The mean follow-up period was 27.9 months (range, 3-57 months). In two patients, a biceps femoris muscle flap was used, while a gracilis muscle flap was used in the remaining patients. In four cases (25%), wound dehiscence occurred, but healed without further complication after resuturing. Additionally, congestion occurred in one case (6%), but resolved with conservative treatment. Among 16 cases, there was only one (6%) recurrence at 34 months.

Conclusions The combination of a profunda femoris artery perforator fasciocutaneous flap and muscle flap for the treatment of ischial pressure sores provided pliability, adequate bulkiness and few long-term complications. Therefore, this may be used as an alternative treatment method for ischial pressure sores.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations and Treatment: An Evolutionary Process
Authors: Joyce Kenneth Michael , Joyce Cormac Weekes , Conroy Frank , Chan Jeff , Buckley Emily , Carroll Sean Michael
Published: July 2014

Background Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) dislocations represent a significant proportion of hand clinic visits and typically require frequent follow-ups for clinical assessment, orthotic adjustments, and physiotherapy. There are a large number of treatment options available for PIPJ dislocations, yet no prospective or controlled studies have been carried out, largely due to the diversity of the various types of injuries.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed all the PIPJ dislocations in our institution over a five-year period and directly compared the different splinting techniques that we have used over this time frame.

Results There were a total of 77 dislocations of the PIPJ (57 men and 20 women) that were included in our study. We found that our management has shifted gradually from complete immobilisation to controlled early mobilisation with figure-of-eight splints. Following treatment, the range of motion of the PIPJ in the figure-of-eight group was significantly greater than that in the other three methods (P<0.05) used. There were significantly fewer hospital visits in the figure-of-eight splint group than in the other treatment groups.

Conclusions The treatment of PIPJ dislocations has undergone a significant evolution in our experience. Early controlled mobilisation has become increasingly important, and therefore, splints have had to be adapted to allow for this. The figure-of-eight splint has yielded excellent results in our experience. It should be considered for all PIPJ dislocations, but careful patient selection is required to achieve optimum results.
A New Modality for Treating Congenital Melanocytic Nevus: "Cogwheel Pattern" Serial Excision Method
Authors: Kang Hyun Gu , Park Myong Chul , Park Dong Ha
Published: July 2014

Congenital melanocytic nevus consists of congregations of nevomelanocytes. It is found in approximately 1% of new born infants. Congenital melanocytic nevus needs to be excised before it transforms into a malignant lesion. Many strategies have been attempted for the removal and reconstruction of the nevus. Serial excision enables wound closure to be accomplished with a shorter scar than if the original lesion was elliptically excised in a single stage and reorientation of the scar closer to the relaxed skin lines. The routine utilization of an elliptical serial excision as a standard method of closure often leads to the formation of elongated scars and waste of skin. The "Cogwheel pattern" serial excision is a new technique for reducing the size of the nevus efficiently. Reducing the final scar length, distributing the tension over many directions, and having the chance of decrease in operation numbers are ultimately achieved with the use of the "Cogwheel pattern" serial excision.
Estimation of the Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect, Snake River Basin, Northwestern North America
Authors: Osterkamp W. R. , Green Thomas J. , Reid Kenneth C. , Cherkinsky Alexander E.
Published: July 2014

Many archaeological sites along coastlines and rivers contain large quantities of marine and riverine bivalve shell. Often shell is the only datable organic material available to determine radiocarbon age estimates of features and to build regional chronologies. Shell is difficult to date accurately because of reservoir effects, and archaeologists have avoided it despite its abundance. If reservoir effects are understood, shell can provide accurate radiocarbon age estimates. This report provides an example using regression relations computed from radiocarbon assays of paired shelll charcoal samples from archaeological sites along the middle and lower Snake River, Northwestern North America.
The Quality of Analysts’ Cash Flow Forecasts in China
Authors: Yao Jun , Meng Chenxing
Published: July 2014

There is a growing literature discussing the incentives of analysts to disseminate cash flow forecasts and the quality of these forecasts. Most studies support the ‘demand hypothesis’ and suggest that cash flow forecasts contain information additional to that provided in earnings forecasts. In contrast, Givoly et al. (2009) show that cash flow forecasts are just a simple extrapolation of analysts’ earnings forecasts. In response to this challenge, Call et al (2013) point out that the regression tests in Givoly et al (2009) are non-diagnostic due to the measurement problem contained in the US dataset. We suggest that Givoly et al. ’s (2009) method can be well applied in China since Chinese data do not have the same measurement problem as that contained in US data. By replicating the studies of Givoly et al. (2009) and Call et al. (2013), we find results consistent with Givoly et al. (2009) that analysts’ cash flow forecasts appear to be naïve extensions of their earnings forecasts in China.
Volumetric Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Renal Perfusion
Authors: Mahoney Marshall , Sorace Anna , Warram Jason , Samuel Sharon , Hoyt Kenneth
Published: July 2014

Objectives

To determine whether volumetric contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging has the potential to monitor changes in renal perfusion after vascular injury.

Methods

Volumetric contrast‐enhanced US uses a series of planar image acquisitions, capturing the nonlinear second harmonic signal from microbubble contrast agents flowing in the vasculature. Tissue perfusion parameters (peak intensity [IPK], time to peak intensity [TPK], wash‐in rate [WIR], and area under the curve [AUC]) were derived from time‐intensity curve data collected during in vitro flow phantom studies and in vivo animal studies of healthy and injured kidneys. For the flow phantom studies, either the contrast agent concentration was held constant (10 μL/L) with varying volumetric flow rates (10, 20, and 30 mL/min), or the flow rate was held constant (30 mL/min) with varying contrast agent concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μL/L). Animal studies used healthy rats or those that underwent renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Renal studies were performed with healthy rats while the transducer angle was varied for each volumetric contrast‐enhanced US image acquisition (reference or 0°, 45°, and 90°) to determine whether repeated renal perfusion measures were isotropic and independent of transducer position. Blood serum biomarkers and immunohistology were used to confirm acute kidney injury.

Results

Flow phantom results revealed a linear relationship between microbubble concentrations injected into the flow system and the IPK, WIR, and AUC (R2 > 0.56; P < .005). Furthermore, there was a linear relationship between volume flow rate changes and the TPK, WIR, and AUC (R2 > 0.77; P < .005). No significant difference was found between the transducer angle during data acquisition and any of the perfusion measures (P > .60). After induction of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the rat animal model (n = 4), volumetric contrast‐enhanced US imaging of the injured kidney revealed an initial reduction in renal perfusion compared to control animals, followed by progressive recovery of vascular function.

Conclusions

Volumetric contrast‐enhanced US–based renal perfusion imaging may prove clinically feasible for detecting and monitoring acute kidney injury.
Sonography of the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anatomic Correlation
Authors: Chiavaras Mary M. , Jacobson Jon A. , Billone Lisa , Lawton Jason Michael , Lawton Jeffrey
Published: July 2014

Objectives

Abnormalities of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) are associated with antecubital elbow conditions, such as distal biceps brachii tendon tears and traumatic cephalic vein phlebotomy. These can lead to lateral forearm, elbow, and wrist symptoms that can mimic other disease processes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the sonographic appearance of the LABCN using cadaveric dissection and retrospective analysis of sonographic examinations of symptomatic patients with magnetic resonance imaging correlation.

Methods

For the first part of this study, a cadaveric elbow specimen was examined, and sonography was performed after dissection to identify the LABCN. Subsequently, 26 elbows in 13 patients with LABCN abnormalities were identified with sonography and retrospectively evaluated to characterize the appearance of the LABCN in both symptomatic and asymptomatic elbows.

Results

The symptomatic LABCNs showed fusiform enlargement, increased echogenicity, and loss of the normal fascicular echo texture. The mean cross‐sectional area of the symptomatic nerves was 12.0 mm2 (range, 6.1–17.2 mm2), with a maximum thickness of 3.5 mm (range, 2.3–5.9 mm), compared to 3.3 mm2 (range, 1.9–5.2 mm2), with a maximum thickness of 1.3 mm (range, 0.9–2.2 mm), in the contralateral normal elbows.

Conclusions

The close proximity of the LABCN to the distal biceps tendon and the cephalic vein makes it vulnerable to compression and injury in the setting of distal biceps tendon tears and traumatic phlebotomy, which may cause nerve enlargement and increased echogenicity. Awareness of the location and appearance of the LABCN on sonography is important for determining potential causes of lateral elbow and forearm pain.
Radial Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Cauchi Matthew P. , Robb Paul M. , Zemple Robert P. , Ball Timothy C.
Published: July 2014

A radial artery pseudoaneurysm represents a rare, potentially catastrophic complication of arterial cannulation that has been reported after cardiac catheterization. Treatment options are limited to chemical, mechanical, and combined approaches to obliterate the radial artery pseudoaneurysm and tract. Manual compression protocols using the TR Band (Terumo Medical Corporation, Somerset, NJ) have been variable and anecdotal, without objective measurements of adequate compression, making this technique prone to failure. In this report, we present an efficient, safe, and noninvasive management protocol using a pulse oximeter and the TR Band for treatment of radial artery pseudoaneurysms that is cost‐effective and efficient and ensures correction without occlusion of the radial artery.
A physically based parameterization of gravity drainage for sea‐ice modeling
Authors: Rees Jones David W. , Worster M. Grae
Published: July 2014

We incorporate a physically derived parameterization of gravity drainage, in terms of a convective upwelling velocity, into a one‐dimensional, thermodynamic sea‐ice model of the kind currently used in coupled climate models. Our parameterization uses a local Rayleigh number to represent the important feedback between ice salinity, porosity, permeability, and desalination rate. It allows us to determine salt fluxes from sea ice and the corresponding evolution of the bulk salinity of the ice, in contrast to older, established models that prescribe the ice salinity. This improves the predictive power of climate models in terms of buoyancy fluxes to the polar oceans, and also the thermal properties of sea ice, which depend on its salinity. We analyze the behavior of existing fixed‐salinity models, elucidate the physics by which changing salinity affects ice growth and compare against our dynamic‐salinity model, both in terms of laboratory experiments and also deep‐ocean calculations. These comparisons explain why the direct effect of ice salinity on growth is relatively small (though not always negligible, and sometimes different from previous studies), and also highlight substantial differences in the qualitative pattern and quantitative magnitude of salt fluxes into the polar oceans. Our study is particularly relevant to growing first‐year ice, when gravity drainage is the dominant mechanism by which ice desalinates. We expect that our dynamic model, which respects the underlying physics of brine drainage, should be more robust to changes in polar climate and more responsive to rapid changes in oceanic and atmospheric forcing.
Relative role of El Niño and IOD forcing on the southern tropical Indian Ocean Rossby waves
Authors: Chakravorty Soumi , Gnanaseelan C. , Chowdary J. S. , Luo Jing‐Jia
Published: July 2014

The role of local air‐sea interactions over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and remote forcing from the tropical Pacific Ocean in the formation and maintenance of southern TIO Rossby waves during El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years is investigated. These Rossby waves are significantly intensified during the El Niño and IOD cooccurrence years, as compared to those during pure El Niño or IOD years. Coupled ocean‐atmosphere model sensitivity experiments reveal that air‐sea coupled processes in the TIO are responsible for the Rossby wave formation and its maintenance from boreal summer to fall, while remote forcing from the Pacific intensifies and maintains these waves up to the following spring. During the cooccurrence years, the Rossby waves are generated by both the persistent equatorial easterlies and off‐equatorial wind stress curl. During pure El Niño years, however, only off‐equatorial wind stress curl exists to drive weak Rossby wave. Asymmetric heating associated with IOD and the mean background easterly vertical wind shear (in the northern hemisphere) during summer and fall excite two symmetric anticyclones in both sides of the equator as atmospheric Rossby wave response, which are responsible for the anomalous equatorial surface easterlies. In contrast, symmetric heat sink over the Maritime Continent in winter associated with El Niño‐induced subsidence and mean easterly vertical shear (in southern hemisphere) are responsible for strong anticyclone in the southern TIO, which supports off‐equatorial wind stress curl.
Mars Science Laboratory relative humidity observations: Initial results
Authors: Harri A.‐M. , Genzer M. , Kemppinen O. , Gomez‐Elvira J. , Haberle R. , Polkko J. , Savijärvi H. , Rennó N. , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Schmidt W. , Richardson M. , Siili T. , Paton M. , Torre‐Juarez M. De La , Mäkinen T. , Newman C. , Rafkin S. , Mischna M. , Merikallio S. , Haukka H. , Martin‐Torres J. , Komu M. , Zorzano M.‐P. , Peinado V. , Vazquez L. , Urqui R.
Published: July 2014

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) made a successful landing at Gale crater early August 2012. MSL has an environmental instrument package called the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) as a part of its scientific payload. REMS comprises instrumentation for the observation of atmospheric pressure, temperature of the air, ground temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity (REMS‐H), and UV measurements. We concentrate on describing the REMS‐H measurement performance and initial observations during the first 100 MSL sols as well as constraining the REMS‐H results by comparing them with earlier observations and modeling results. The REMS‐H device is based on polymeric capacitive humidity sensors developed by Vaisala Inc., and it makes use of transducer electronics section placed in the vicinity of the three humidity sensor heads. The humidity device is mounted on the REMS boom providing ventilation with the ambient atmosphere through a filter protecting the device from airborne dust. The final relative humidity results appear to be convincing and are aligned with earlier indirect observations of the total atmospheric precipitable water content. The water mixing ratio in the atmospheric surface layer appears to vary between 30 and 75 ppm. When assuming uniform mixing, the precipitable water content of the atmosphere is ranging from a few to six precipitable micrometers.
Antecedent moisture conditions control mercury and dissolved organic carbon concentration dynamics in a boreal headwater catchment
Authors: Oswald Claire J. , Branfireun Brian A.
Published: July 2014

The fate and transport of mercury (Hg) deposited on forested upland soils depends on the biogeochemical and hydrological processes occurring in the soil landscape. In this study, total Hg (THg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured in streamwater from a 7.75 ha upland subcatchment of the METAALICUS watershed in northwestern Ontario, Canada. THg and DOC concentration‐discharge relationships were examined at the seasonal‐scale and event‐scale to assess the role of antecedent moisture conditions on the mobilization of these solutes to receiving waters. At the seasonal‐scale, subcatchment discharge poorly explained THg and DOC concentration dynamics; however, the inclusion of antecedent water storage and precipitation metrics in a multiple regression model improved the prediction of THg and DOC concentrations significantly. At the event‐scale, a comparison of THg and DOC concentrations for two small summer storms with similar total discharge showed that the storm following the wet snowmelt period had a significantly lower total flux of THg and DOC than the storm following warm and dry conditions in late summer due to a distinct shift in the concentration‐discharge relationship. Measurements of soil water and groundwater THg and DOC concentrations, as well as a three‐component mixing analysis, suggest that there was an accumulation of potentially‐mobile DOC‐bound THg in the well‐humified organic soil layer in the catchment during the warm and dry summer period and that as the catchment became wetter in the autumn, there was an increase in soil water THg and DOC concentrations and these solutes were subsequently flushed during the autumn storm.
Groundwater depletion during drought threatens future water security of the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Castle Stephanie L. , Thomas Brian F. , Reager John T. , Rodell Matthew , Swenson Sean C. , Famiglietti James S.
Published: July 2014

Streamflow of the Colorado River Basin is the most overallocated in the world. Recent assessment indicates that demand for this renewable resource will soon outstrip supply, suggesting that limited groundwater reserves will play an increasingly important role in meeting future water needs. Here we analyze 9 years (December 2004 to November 2013) of observations from the NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission and find that during this period of sustained drought, groundwater accounted for 50.1 km3 of the total 64.8 km3 of freshwater loss. The rapid rate of depletion of groundwater storage (−5.6 ± 0.4 km3 yr−1) far exceeded the rate of depletion of Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Results indicate that groundwater may comprise a far greater fraction of Basin water use than previously recognized, in particular during drought, and that its disappearance may threaten the long‐term ability to meet future allocations to the seven Basin states.
The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kı̄lauea, Hawai‵i, inferred from TerraSAR‐X InSAR data
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Zebker Howard A. , Segall Paul , Miklius Asta
Published: July 2014

We present here a small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm to extract both transient and secular ground deformations on the order of millimeters in the presence of tropospheric noise on the order of centimeters, when the transient is of short duration and known time and the background deformation is smooth in time. We applied this algorithm to study the 2010 slow slip event as well as the secular motion of Kı̄lauea's south flank using 49 TerraSAR‐X images. We also estimate the tropospheric delay variation relative to a given reference pixel using an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) SBAS approach. We compare the InSAR SBAS solution for both ground deformation and tropospheric delays with existing GPS measurements and confirm that the ground deformation signal and tropospheric noise in InSAR data are successfully separated. We observe that the coastal region on the south side of the Hilina Pali moves at a higher background rate than the region north side of the Pali. We also conclude that the 2010 slow slip event (SSE) displacement is mainly horizontal and the maximum magnitude of the 2010 SSE vertical component is less than 5 mm.
Solar cycle dependence of middle atmosphere temperatures
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: July 2014

Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature data during 2002 through 2013 and covering 20–110 km altitude between ±83° latitude are analyzed to determine the dependence of middle atmosphere temperatures on solar flux, as parameterized by a linear relation with 81 day mean values of the 10.7 cm solar radio flux, F10.7a. The basic data analyzed are 60 day mean values, which represent zonal and local‐time means. Analysis is conducted on both fixed altitude and fixed pressure levels. Below 70 km, the sensitivity of SABER annual mean temperatures is of order 1–2 K per 100 solar flux units (100 sfu) when data are analyzed on fixed altitude levels. At 85 km this increases to 3–6 K/100 sfu between ±60°latitude. At 95 km, values of order 4–6 K/100 sfu are found over the latitude range ±50° with values of order 10–14 K/100 sfu at higher latitudes in both hemispheres; these values increase to 5–11 K/100 sfu and 13–29 K/100 sfu, respectively, at 105 km. Comparisons are made with similarly analyzed temperatures from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). At 85 km, the WACCM response is similar to observed but above that level WACCM predicts a lower response by a factor of about 2 at 95 km. On the other hand, below 70 km, the sensitivity of WACCM annual mean temperatures is stronger than SABER (∼3 K/100 sfu). When analysis is instead performed on pressure levels, the response in the lower thermosphere increases, especially at 105 km where changes of 29 to 51 K/100 sfu are seen in SABER annual mean temperatures.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Self‐Administered Interview© for Witnesses with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Maras Katie L. , Mulcahy Sue , Memon Amina , Picariello Federica , Bowler Dermot M.
Published: July 2014

The widely used evidence‐based police interviewing technique, the Cognitive Interview, is not effective for witnesses with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined whether a modification of the Cognitive Interview that removes the social element, the Self‐Administered Interview©, is more useful in facilitating recall by ASD witnesses. One of the main components of the Cognitive Interview is context reinstatement, where the witness follows verbal instructions from the interviewer to mentally recreate the personal and physical context that they experienced during the event. The present findings showed that this procedure is not effective for witnesses with ASD in SAI format in which the social component of its administration is removed. However, the SAI sketch plan component did elicit more correct details from the ASD group, although to a lesser degree than for the comparison group. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.