bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring temperature in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions using MR spectroscopy
Authors: Gai Neville D. , Dong Ruifeng , van der Veen Jan Willem , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Pierpaoli Carlo
Published: February 2025

Background

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) water solutions could be used for cross‐site and cross‐vendor validation of diffusion‐related measurements. However, since water diffusivity varies as a function of temperature, knowing the temperature of the PVP solution at the time of the measurement is fundamental in accomplishing this task.

Purpose

MR spectroscopy (MRS) could provide absolute temperature measurements since the water peak moves relative to any stable peak as temperature changes. In this work, the PVP proton spectrum was investigated to see if any stable peaks would allow for temperature determination. Reproducibility and repeatability for three scanners from three vendors were also assessed.

Methods

A spherical 17 cm container filled with 40% PVP w/w in distilled water was used for the experiments. A Point REsolved Spectroscopy Sequence (PRESS) with water suppression was employed on three 3T scanners from different vendors—GE, Siemens, and Philips. Frequency separation (in ppm) between peaks was measured in a voxel at the location of a fiber optic temperature probe and mapped to probe measured temperature. The center peak of the first methylene proton triplet closest to water peak was selected for analysis in jMRUI due to its ease of identification and echo time shift invariance. Shift in ppm of the central methylene peak proton was mapped against measured temperatures.

Repeatability and reproducibility across the three scanners were determined at room temperature using 10 repeated PRESS scans. MRS established ppm shift versus temperature relationship was used to predict temperature in different PVP phantoms which were then compared against fiber optic probe measured temperature values.

Results

Several 1H peaks were identified on all scans of the PVP phantom. The water peak moved by ∼−0.01 ppm/°C on the three scanners relative to a central methylene peak. The maximum mean absolute temperature difference over a temperature range of 18–35°C between the three scanners was 0.16°C while the minimum was 0.057°C. Repeatability on each scanner was excellent (std range: 0.00–0.14°C) over 10 repeated PRESS scans. Reproducibility across the three scanners was also excellent with mean temperature difference between scanners ranging between 0.1 and 0.4°C. Temperature values from MRS were within prediction bounds on the three scanners for another in‐house prepared 40% PVP phantom (maximum difference<0.3°C), while they were consistently overestimated for another 30% PVP phantom (<1°C) and underestimated for a CaliberMRI 40% PVP phantom (<2.8°C).

Conclusions

PVP solutions exhibit stable proton peaks, one of which was used for assessing the temperature of the solution using MR proton spectroscopy. These measurements are fast and feasible with standard sequences and postprocessing MRS software and provide fundamental information for calibration of diffusion MRI using PVP solutions.
Urinary Diversion as Last Option After Failed Artificial Urinary Sphincter and Iatrogenic Devastated Bladder Outlet
Authors: Holm Henriette Veiby , Lumen Nicolaas , Ludwig Tim Alexander , Fisch Margit , Hofer Matthias , Brandes Steven , Kurtzman Jane , Simhan Jay , Venkatesan Krishnan , Gómez Reynaldo Guillermo , Nikolavsky Dmitriy , Tryfonyuk Liliya , Martins Francisco Estrócio
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To describe functional outcomes and identify risk factors for artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) failure and need for urinary diversion (UD) in patients with iatrogenic devastated bladder outlet (DBO). Our hypothesis was that pelvic radiation or ablative therapy (RT/AT) increases the risk of complications compared to surgery alone.

Methods

Multicenter, retrospective study of patients with complications from previous treatments, subsequent AUS failure and unsalvageable DBO, ultimately requiring UD between 2008 and 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, prior treatments, reconstructive attempts, and type of UD ± extirpative procedures were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their primary treatment: G1 (RT/AT±surgery) and G2 (surgery alone).

Results

We identified 34 patients with DBO requiring UD after AUS failure. Primary diagnoses were prostate cancer (88.2%), anal cancer (2.9%), and benign prostatic obstruction (8.8%). Primary treatments were RT/AT±surgery in 27 (G1) and surgery alone in seven (G2). Complications included bladder outlet obstruction, fistulae, and urinary incontinence. Number of AUS implantations (range 1–4) and failed reconstructive attempts before UD (range 1–12) were more prevalent in G2. Time from completion of primary treatment to first complication was longer in G1, while from first complication to UD shorter in G1. Details regarding UD, extirpative procedures, and further complications are described.

Conclusions

Exposure to pelvic RT/AT and complexity of primary surgical treatments combined with AUS complications and repeated failed attempts at surgical reconstruction can generate a high‐risk patient profile associated with an unsalvageable DBO leading patients to ultimately opt for UD as a trade‐off for QoL.
Variation in the Definitions of Urinary Retention in Studies of Intravesical Botulinum Toxin for Idiopathic Overactive Bladder: A Narrative Systematic Review
Authors: Stavrou Stephanie , Paynter Jessica A. , Carins Thomas , Qin Kirby R. , Brennan Janelle
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To categorise and quantify definitions of urinary retention reported in studies assessing botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections for idiopathic overactive bladder (iOAB) syndrome.

Materials And Methods

A narrative systematic review was conducted using three databases: EMBASE (via Ovid), PubMed, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published as full‐text articles in English involving adults receiving BoNT injections (any formulation) for iOAB syndrome, where urinary retention was reported as an outcome.

Results

From 1986 screened studies, 135 were assessed, and 57 met the eligibility criteria for the narrative systematic review. Reported rates of urinary retention varied widely, ranging from 0% to 42.6%. A definition of urinary retention was provided in 33 studies (57.9%), which were broadly categorised as follows.

Post‐void residual (PVR) volume threshold: 14 studies (21.5%).

Inability to void: 6 studies (9.2%).

Initiation of clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC): 6 studies (9.2%).

PVR volume threshold and initiation of CIC/indwelling catheterisation (IDC): 6 studies (9.2%).

Bladder symptoms and PVR volume threshold and initiation of CIC/IDC: 6 studies (9.2%).

Bladder symptoms and PVR volume threshold: 3 studies (4.6%).

Notably, 24 studies (42.1%) omitted a definition altogether.

Conclusions

Urinary retention rates varied significantly between studies, likely due to the heterogeneous definitions used. The omission of definitions in nearly half of studies further complicates efforts to accurately inform and consent patients regarding the risk of urinary retention and the need for CIC/IDC after intravesical BoNT injection. Standardised definitions are urgently needed to enhance research, improve clinical practice, and support informed patient counselling.
Exploring the Feasibility of Tele‐Audiology in Rural Communities to Reduce Care Disparities for At‐Risk Newborns
Authors: Broadbent Eliza , Grewal Maeher , Hansen Zach , Liang Shi , Wnek Shannon , McVicar Stephanie Browning , Sidesinger Max , Black Pamella , Diener Marissa , Park Albert H.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) program providing telehealth auditory brainstem response (tele‐ABR) testing to rural families in order to reduce disparities in hearing loss (HL) diagnosis.

Study Design

This was a retrospective analysis of infants born at the Uintah Basin Medical Center from 2006 to 2021 who failed the newborn hearing screen (NBHS) and underwent ABR.

Setting

In‐person ABRs were conducted at Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City, UT. Tele‐ABRs were conducted at the DHSS satellite site in Roosevelt, UT.

Methods

Outcomes measured included demographics, age at testing, and distance traveled. t‐Tests and χ2 tests were used to compare in‐person and tele‐ABR groups.

Results

Of 125 infants who failed the NBHS, 66 (52.8%) underwent tele‐ABR. Tele‐ABR participants were more likely to be American Indian (P < .05). Distance traveled was lower for the tele‐ABR group: 13.1 miles vs. 102.8 miles (P < .001). Age at testing was earlier for the in‐person group (35.7 vs 47.2 days, P = .04), but there was no difference in adherence to the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) guideline of testing within 3 months (P = .19).

Conclusion

Tele‐ABR participants benefited from shorter travel distances compared to in‐person participants while still receiving timely diagnosis. Given that the tele‐ABR group included more American Indians, this approach may enable evaluation of an underserved population. Tele‐ABR is a viable diagnostic tool to reduce barriers to timely testing.
Hydrophobization of Silicon Dioxide Microspheres With Resin Acids of Natural Gums
Authors: Filippov Dionis , Blinov Andrey , Gvozdenko Alexey , Taravanov Maxim , Kravtsov Alexander , Golik Alexey , Pirogov Maxim , Leontiev Pavel , Nagdalian Andrey
Published: February 2025

Currently, hydrophobic materials and coatings are of great practical interest due to their unique functional characteristics. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrophobic agent based on SiO2 microspheres hydrophobized with resin acids of natural gums to protect various surfaces. According to quantum chemical modeling, the most energetically advantageous interactions are those of SiO2 with birch gum and pine gum through the COO− group of dihydroabietinic acid (E = −1361.256 kcal/mol), and with cedar gum through COO− group of lambertianic acid (E = −1433.537 kcal/mol). Notably, the most stable “SiO2 – resin acid” molecular complex (η = 0.140 eV) forms when the Si atom interacts with COO− group of dehydroabietinic acid. The synthesized samples are represented by irregularly shaped aggregates consisting of spherical SiO2 microspheres. Two fractions of microspheres with sizes of 50–150 and 400–1000 nm are observed in all the obtained samples. FTIR spectra prove that interaction of SiO2 with resin acids occurs through COO− groups. Samples containing 0.01% and 1% of pine gum as well as all samples containing from 0.05% to 1% of cedar gum have expressed hydrophobic properties, while samples with birch gum, in contrast, have hydrophylic properties.
Fava Bean‐ Versus Non‐Fava Bean‐Induced Acute Hemolytic Crisis in Children with Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Prashanth Gowda Parameshwara , Al‐Shafey Mohammed , Tandon Anita , Ismail Salim
Published: February 2025

Background

Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a red cell enzymopathy in which exposure to oxidative stressors, such as drugs or fava bean ingestion, can trigger acute hemolytic episodes (AHEs). This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of fava bean‐induced hemolysis (FBIH) with non‐fava bean‐induced hemolysis (NFBIH) in children with G6PD deficiency in a high‐prevalence setting.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted at a region referral hospital in Oman. Hospital records of children hospitalized for AHE due to G6PD deficiency over a 3‐year period were analyzed. Participants were categorized into FBIH and NFBIH groups based on the documented precipitating factor.

Results

Among the 236 recruited cases, 51.6% AHEs were attributed to FBIH. Children with FIBH were younger, more likely to present with abdominal pain, and had greater severity of hemolysis upon admission (hemoglobin: 4.8 vs. 6.7 g/dL; p < 0.001). Lab markers such as serum ferritin, blood urea, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated in FBIH. The least squares regression model demonstrated a strong link between various predictor variables and hemoglobin levels, explaining about 76.6% of the variance in the study cohort.

Conclusion

Children with FBIH experience more severe hemolytic episodes compared to those with NFBIH. Our statistical model identified clinical and laboratory parameters potentially useful in early risk stratification during AHEs. Culturally sensitive dietary education of patients and caregivers is necessary, particularly in regions where fava beans are a dietary staple. The potential influence of specific G6PD genotypes within the NFBIH group merits future investigation.
Cover Image
Authors: Islam Sabrina , Beschorner Kurt , Bagheri Z. Shaghayegh
Published: February 2025

The cover image is based on the article Enhancing friction with additively manufactured surface‐textured polymer composites by Sabrina Islam et al., 10.1002/pen.27022

image
The Role of Friends in Supporting Young People With Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: L. Sampson Rebecca , McDonald Fiona E. J. , O. Mancini Vincent , M. McEvoy Peter , L. Finlay‐Jones Amy
Published: February 2025

Objective

Peers play a crucial role in supporting wellbeing and psychosocial development for young people aged 12–25. However, a cancer experience often leads to challenges maintaining friendships. There have been no prior attempts to map or synthesise available research or resources on support specifically from friends for young people with cancer, limiting the capacity to draw conclusions or determine next steps for how to best support young people with cancer. This review aims to address this gap by mapping and synthesising the available literature and resources.

Methods

Included studies were required to obtain data from young people with a history of cancer or their friends, and have a main aim or outcome related to relationships between young people with cancer and their friends. Five databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest and PsycInfo) were searched, and grey literature were sourced using three search engines (Brave Browser, DuckDuckGo, and Google).

Results

A total of 52 studies and 10 resources met inclusion criteria. Three main themes were identified within the literature (valued friendship dimensions and actions, cancer‐related challenges to friendships, and changes to social needs, experiences, and outcomes). Resources for friends included education about what young people with cancer may experience, advice on supporting or talking to their friend, and encouragement for self‐care.

Conclusions

Reviewed studies highlight the importance of friends support for young people with cancer, and the challenges faced. We present a future research agenda to address identified gaps, including the absence of studies exploring the perspectives and needs of friends.
Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Hypergeometric np Control Scheme
Authors: Chong Zhi Lin , Castagliola Philippe , Johannssen Arne , Khoo Michael B. C. , Chukhrova Nataliya
Published: February 2025

Control schemes are often used to monitor variables, but not all process data fit this description, as some data may actually be attributive in nature. For this reason, considerable attention has recently been paid to control schemes designed for attributes. In particular, new control schemes based on the hypergeometric distribution, namely hypergeometric p and np schemes, have been proposed. However, these schemes are mostly Shewhart‐type control schemes, and they are often criticized due to their inferior performance in detecting small and medium shifts. To address this issue, we present the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) hypergeometric np scheme in this paper. Similar to the hypergeometric np scheme, the proposed scheme is more practically convenient than the hypergeometric p scheme since it works with integer values. Since computing the run length properties for an EWMA scheme that depends on discrete data is challenging, we also consider the “continuousify” technique in this paper. We compare the introduced scheme with the existing hypergeometric np control scheme and demonstrate that the former scheme outperforms the latter scheme for all shift sizes. Furthermore, we investigate the optimal design of the EWMA hypergeometric np scheme to enhance its practicality and illustrate its application on a real dataset.
Developing river ethics: Advancing the understanding of water governance principles and promoting the modernization of water governance systems and capabilities
Authors: Zhang Yunchang , Liu Bo , Ding Yang , Zhao Jinyong , Li Chang
Published: February 2025

River ethics, a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought, embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals. Rooted in river ecology, it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities. This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations: enhancing knowledge systems on water, rivers, and lakes; addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security, resource management, ecological sustainability and environmental protection; optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts; ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects; refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling; utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration; implementing tiered management of water‐related disasters; and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.
Education for Transformation? On the Discursive Limits of a Heteronormative Policy Discourse
Authors: Mishra Preeti Vivek
Published: February 2025

Examination of the regulatory pervasiveness of heteronormativity in development policy has remained limited to interventions for the sexed subject. As a result, the epistemic potential of heteronormativity analysis to unearth the discursive regulation of gendered subjects has remained underutilized. Policy discourses on education are rarely posited as an organic context for heteronormative analyses. An absence of such examinations has meant that education has tacitly been falling short of the professed inclusivity or equality agendas with reference to both gender and sexuality. As heteronormativity is discursively constructed, maintained, and perpetuated by education and educational policy, the present paper examines the SDG Education Agenda 2030 and the G7 Declaration on Girls' Education for articulations on sex, sexuality, gender, and their interrelations as effected through language, the resultant constitutive construction of the educand through language, and, finally, the discursive deployment of gender, sex, and sexuality to either challenge promote or leave unaddressed heteronormative agenda. It is argued that by concertedly maintaining a heteronormative status quo, educational policies are doomed to squander the potential of educational sites as spaces of transformational practice for all gender identifications, alike.
Hammett Substituent Constant Guided Design of Ligand‐Modified Ru Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Zelin , Wang De , Wang Jia , He Zhenyu , Li Junsheng
Published: February 2025

The design of efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is crucial for the development of green hydrogen production. In this work, we report modulation the HER activity of Ru nanoparticles by functionalization using para‐substituted phenylacetylenes (R = Cl, H, C2H5, and OCH3), which have different electron donating/withdrawing capabilities. A close correlation between the Hammett substituent constant of the phenylacetylenes and HER activity of the functionalized Ru nanoparticles is revealed, and the underlying mechanism is investigated. Guided by such correlation, 4‐ethylphenylacetylene‐modified Ru nanoparticles (Ru─EPA) with a low HER overpotential of 17.7 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution is developed. The mechanistic understanding gained in this work will provide important guidelines for future development of high‐performance nanostructured electrocatalyst.
Newly Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles and their Effective Influence on Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Rathaiah Mamilla , Venkataramana Badineni , Sudarshan Kasireddy , Naidu Boya Vijaya Kumar
Published: February 2025

Water pollution from organic dye‐based effluents is a major environmental concern across the world. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained attention as an effective material for degrading organic dyes in wastewater. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized through an eco‐friendly bio‐reduction process using Musa paradisiaca plant latex as both reducing and stabilizing agent. Structural analysis confirmed that the NPs have a single‐phase hexagonal crystal structure with crystal size ranging from 15 to 25 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopic technique has verified the presence of zinc and oxygen, while high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed hexagonal shaped particles with an average size of ~20 nm. Under solar irradiation, the ZnO NPs demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity. They achieved 91% degradation of methylene blue (MB) in 30 minutes with a rate constant of 0.08 min‐1. For crystal violet and Rhodamine B (RhB), 95% degradation was achieved in 90 minutes, with rate constants of ~0.03 min‐1. A proposed 3D reaction mechanism was used to explain MB and RhB degradation pathways. Additionally, the ZnO NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results highlight the potential of bio‐synthesized ZnO NPs for wastewater treatment and biomedical applications.
Tailored Anti‐miR Decorated Covalent Organic Framework Enables Electrochemical Detection of Salivary miRNAs for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Saha Pranay , Skrodzki David , Aditya Teresa , Moitra Parikshit , Alafeef Maha , Dighe Ketan , Molinaro Matthew , Hicks Steven D. , Pan Dipanjan
Published: February 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal role as biomarkers for various diseases, with salivary miRNAs offering a non‐invasive diagnostic tool. For mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), salivary miRNAs like miR‐let7a, miR‐21, and miR‐30e show promise for early detection of subtle injuries lacking reliable indicators. To advance the detection of mTBI‐related salivary miRNAs, this study integrates anti‐miRNA and miRNA hybridization‐based sensing with the development of a nanoscale covalent‐organic framework (COF) platform. COFs, with their highly customizable structures, large surface area, and biocompatibility, serve as a versatile foundation for biosensing applications. Here, post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of COFs is introduced for essential covalent conjugation of streptavidin for further immobilization of methylene blue‐labeled and biotinylated Anti‐miRNAs. Furthermore, the layer‐by‐layer assembly of conductive polymers enhanced the biosensor's electrical performance, enabling ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of salivary miRNAs. Validated with samples from mixed martial arts participants and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), this COF‐based platform demonstrates robust accuracy and reliability. By combining COF functionalization with advanced electrode design, it offers a powerful, non‐invasive solution for early mTBI detection and broader biomedical applications.
Graphene‐Based Vitrimeric Ink with Self‐Healing Properties Enables Simple E‐Textile Triboelectric Coating Development
Authors: Sharma Simran , Mondal Titash
Published: February 2025

Advances in research in electronic textiles (E‐textiles) that primarily cater to wearable sensing technology have found amalgamation with self‐powered technology, especially with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, developing E‐textiles with triboelectric properties involves a multi‐step process and a complex device structure, which is unsuitable for actual wearables. Also, the cellulose‐based fabrics with the highest wearability are unsuitable for TENG fabrication, limiting the usage to synthetic fabrics. Apart from wearability, self‐healing behavior is another significant property recently being looked upon for wearable sensors, providing long‐term functionality. Herein, a simple yet effective approach is proposed to develop dielectrically optimized coatings for developing cellulose fabric‐based self‐powered sensors by leveraging elastomers with tunable dielectric and other properties, otherwise catering to the domain of electronic skin separately. The record high output performance with a power density of 4.69 W m−2 accomplished using a single fabric layer with a thickness of 0.56 mm supports the amalgamation of dielectrically optimized elastomeric coatings with textiles for next‐generation self‐powered wearables. Also, the strategic utilization of dynamic covalent chemistry imparted self‐healing properties to the coating. This report provides a single‐step dip coating method for developing a self‐powered and self‐healable next‐generation E‐textile.
Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yang Ting , Zhang Hua , Pang Bo , Wong Jonathan W. C.
Published: February 2025

The escalating global energy demand and the imperative to mitigate carbon emissions have intensified the pursuit for sustainable energy solutions, with hydrogen emerging as a pivotal clean energy carrier. Transition metal‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in efficient hydrogen production due to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and versatile catalytic properties. Despite notable advancements in MOF synthesis, critical challenges related to stability, electrical conductivity, and scalability continue to hinder their widespread application. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in the design and synthesis of transition metal‐based MOFs, emphasizing their role in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen production. Key synthetic strategies and their influence on catalytic performance are systematically discussed, alongside the identification of existing limitations and knowledge gaps. By highlighting these critical areas and proposing pathways for future research, this review aims to accelerate the practical integration of MOFs into the emerging hydrogen economy.
Elucidating Local Confinement in Crowded Polymer Solutions Within Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) Through Single Particle Tracking Toward Deeper Understanding of Cells
Authors: Zhao Yingming , Li Shubin , Liu Yanhao , Li Chao , Ren Yongshuo , Zhang Xiangxiang , Wang Zhao , Dong Mingdong , Han Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

In a crowded environment, macromolecules occupy a significant proportion volume of cells to repulse other molecules in H2O‐rich phase domains. These H2O‐rich phase domains have been found to significantly influence material transportation and biochemical reactions. However, the accurate quantification of the size of these domains remains a challenge. Here, formulas are set up to calculate the anomalous diffusion exponent (α), the concentration threshold (cp), and the radius of the H2O‐rich phase domain (r0) to characterize the crowded solutions. Fitting coefficient (R2) of the r0 fitted curves are 0.9989 for PEG‐8k Da and 0.9901 for PEG‐20k Da, respectively, which confirms the formulas to be suitable for quantifying the crowding degree. The values of α, r0, and cp of three different cell lysates is are calculated using these formulas. The r0 values of the cytosol from eukaryotic cells are 1.22 µm for HEK‐293T and 1.46 µm for S. Cerevisiae, respectively, which are smaller than that (2.13 µm) from prokaryotic cells (E. coli). This may be due to the more complex components, with higher molecular weight but lower concentration in the eukaryotic cells. This method for quantifying the H2O‐rich phase in a crowded solution helps to have a deeper understanding of the biochemical mechanism inside cells.
Futura One, Taipeh: Identitätsstiftender Wohnungsbau
Authors: Ring Anne Marie , Trailovic Dragan , Chatzoudis Georg
Published: February 2025

Das vom Frankfurter Büro Philipp Mainzer geplante Wohn‐ und Geschäftshaus Futura One befindet sich in zentraler Lage von Taiwans Hauptstadt Taipeh. Der besondere Stil des ikonischen Bauwerks resultiert aus dem Kontrast zwischen der rigiden, erdbebensicheren Struktur und der feingliedrigen Struktur der polygonalen Glasfassade: Glas, Stahl und Beton spielen wohlproportioniert zusammen. Bautechnisch liegt die Besonderheit in dem Semi‐Structural‐Glazing‐Ansatz, den die Planer im Interesse maximaler Transparenz verfolgten. Die Realisation mit dem Stahlsystem VISS Semi SG der Schweizer Jansen AG erwies sich als anspruchsvoll. Um die Vorstellungen des Architekten zu verwirklichen, entwickelte Jansen in enger Kooperation mit dem Metallbauer objektspezifische Glashalter, die in Kombination mit einem Stufenglas die gewünschte Aufstellung mit positivem und negativem Winkel ermöglichten. Dass die VISS Semi SG Fassade die von der taiwanesischen Baubehörde geforderten Parameter für hohe Windlasten (Taifune) und seismische Ausschläge (Erdbeben) erfüllt, bestätigen die Prüfungen nach dem international anerkannten Standard ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), die unter der Leitung von Jansen China im Vorfeld durchgeführt wurden.
Automated Game Testing With Online Search Agent and Model Construction, a Study
Authors: Shirzadehhajimahmood Samira , Prasetya I. S. W. B. , Prandi Davide , Dignum Frank , Dastani Mehdi , Keller Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Modern computer games have become very complex, so they can benefit from automated testing. However, their huge and fine grained interaction space makes them very challenging for automated testing algorithms. Having a model of a system would greatly improve the effectiveness of a testing algorithm. However, manually constructing a model is expensive and time‐consuming. This paper proposes an online agent‐based search approach to solve common testing tasks for computer games, in particular games that involve elements of world navigation and exploration. On the fly, the approach also constructs a model of the system, which is then exploited to solve the given testing task. The effectiveness of the approach is studied via a case study called Lab Recruits and its simulation of another game called Dungeons and Dragons Online. The study showed that the approach is superior in its ability to complete testing tasks and its completion time compared to evolutionary algorithm, Q‐learning and MCTS. This paper extends a previous work presented in ATEST by including evaluation on large game levels, evaluation of the achieved coverage and fault detection and the aforementioned comparison with other algorithms.
Effects of D‐Tetramethrin on Zebrafish Development and Immune System
Authors: Li Yang , Zhong Keyuan , Zhang Sijie , Duan Shiyi , Huang Kaijie , Che Xiaofang , Guo Xinchun , Lu Huiqiang
Published: February 2025

D‐tetramethrin is a common insecticide that is important for the control of mosquito‐transmitted diseases such as malaria and dengue and, due to its widespread use, it is frequently detected in environmental systems. However, there is currently very little information on the influence of D‐tetramethrin on non‐target organisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of D‐tetramethrin (0, 3, 6, and 9 mg/L) from 6 to 72 h past fertilization (hpf) to ascertain the influence of D‐tetramethrin on the zebrafish immune system and development. We found that D‐tetramethrin exposure led to a significant decrease in heart rate, an increase in the yolk area and tail flick frequency, and a shortening of body length in zebrafish larvae, compared with the control group. The number of macrophages and neutrophils in the experimental group of zebrafish larvae decreased significantly and the oxidative stress levels increased compared with the control group. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content increased significantly, while catalase (CAT) activity increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in the experimental group. At the same time, apoptosis increased in the zebrafish embryo cells, and the expression of apoptosis‐related genes such as p53, Bax, and Bcl‐2 was abnormal. Moreover, the pro‐inflammatory genes IL‐8, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were up‐regulated, while the anti‐inflammatory gene, IL‐10, was down‐regulated. Therefore, D‐tetramethrin significantly affects the immune system and oxidative stress levels in zebrafish, inducing cell apoptosis and negatively affecting embryo development. These results provide novel data for the toxicity of D‐tetramethrin and the potential adverse effects of environment residues.
Patient experiences of crisis home treatment teams: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Yang Jialin , Glover Naomi , Wood Lisa
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Crisis home treatment teams (CHTTs) provide rapid at-home assessments and crisis support to individuals experiencing mental health crises. Exploring patient feedback on CHTTs can provide policymakers and service planners useful insight regarding service enhancements and improvements in care quality. The current systematic review aims to explore patient experiences on CHTTs, to inform policy decision-making and care quality.

Method

The current review synthesised ten eligible qualitative studies (from Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL) on patient experiences of CHTTs using thematic synthesis. Adult patients with a past or current experience of CHTTs, as well as a mental health diagnosis were included in the review.

Results

The current review revealed that patients valued the rapid accessibility of services and positive characteristics of staff that contributed to cultivating strong therapeutic relationships. Patients also appreciated having equal power in treatment decision-making. However, concerns were raised regarding staff timekeeping, receiving generic treatment not well-tailored to patient’s unique circumstances, and inconsistencies in continuity of service delivery and smooth transition to other services.

Conclusions

Patient feedback on service improvements are useful for service planners and policymakers to improve CHTT services. Based on the results of this study, the importance of staff timeliness, having a smooth transition during the end of care, and tailored staff training for various demographics can improve CHTT service quality and delivery. Further qualitative research is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of patient needs and experiences in various regions and demographics.
Minimizing thermally induced residual stresses in metal additive manufacturing through peridynamics topology optimization
Authors: Khalilvandi Behrouzyar Sina , Kendibilir Abdullah , Cavus Omer Safa , Lahe Motlagh Peyman , Oren Soner , Orhangul Akin , Kefal Adnan , Koc Bahattin
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM), characterized by layer-by-layer material addition using computer-aided design, presents an approach to manufacturing complex parts. However, AM processes naturally bring some difficulties such as thermally induced residual stresses, particularly in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processes. This research paper proposes a novel topology optimization (TO) strategy that minimizes the residual stresses on the final product manufactured by metal AM process. In this context, peridynamics topology optimization (PD-TO) is utilized to perform TO within an integrated optimization framework, fed by thermal simulations of the L-PBF process. To calculate the residual stresses on classical TO results, we perform thermomechanical analyses based on the inherent strain method to model the manufacturing process. Afterward, those stress-concentrated regions are used to create virtual cracks for the subsequent PD-TO analysis. This approach allows us to embed potential cracks precisely in these high-stress regions, enhancing the efficacy of structural simulations. The methodology is interpreted through two comprehensive case studies: L-beam and Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) beam. The optimization process applied to both L-beam and MBB-Beam structures results in notable enhancements in their respective designs. For the L-beam, the optimization process, leads to a redistribution of material in the beam. This adjustment results in a decrease in residual stress by about

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13
%

. For the MBB-Beam, optimization process induces geometric modifications that yield a stress distribution contributing to a reduction in residual stresses by about

$$15\%$$

15
%

for

$$r_{min}=2$$

r

min

=
2

, and

$$8\%$$

8
%

for

$$r_{min}=3$$

r

min

=
3

. Thus, in both structures, the optimization process effectively improves stress distribution.

Graphical Abstract
Wind turbine blade root and blade bearing fatigue damage estimation based on field data
Authors: Gebel Jakob , Rezaei Ashkan , Daems Pieter-Jan , Marini Rebeca , Matthys Jens-Jo , Nejad Amir R. , Helsen Jan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between inflow properties of offshore wind turbines and fatigue damage accumulation in key machine components, specifically focusing on blade root and blade bearing fatigue. It showcases how LiDAR measurements can be used with a simulation model to provide fatigue damage estimations for a deployed turbine based on field data. By updating standardized wind field models with LiDAR measurements, the sensitivity of fatigue damage accumulation to variations in turbulence intensity and wind shear profiles is analyzed, and potential under- or over-predictions of fatigue damages are discussed. This approach offers valuable insights into more accurate lifetime predictions for turbine components and explores the possible benefits of LiDAR measurements and digital twin frameworks for fatigue damage estimation.
Demographics, clinical features and prognosis of patients with primary malignant conjunctival tumors at a tertiary hospital in Japan
Authors: Goto Hiroshi , Asakage Masaki , Niidime Erina , Yamakawa Naoyuki , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Tsubota Kinya , Umazume Kazuhiko , Usui Yoshihiko , Mori Hideki
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To clarify the demographic characteristics, clinical features and prognosis of patients with primary malignant conjunctival tumors diagnosed at a single tertiary hospital in Japan.

Study design

Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods

Patients with malignant conjunctival tumors diagnosed histopathologically at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between 2010 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic profile, clinical features and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 359 patients with histopathologically proven malignant conjunctival tumors were included. All patients were Japanese. The most common malignant conjunctival tumor was lymphoma (n = 197, 54.9%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 97, 27.0%), melanoma (n = 60, 16.7%), and others (n = 5, 1.4%). The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 60.5 ± 17.4 years for lymphoma, 60.2 ± 15.8 years for SCC, and 65.8 ± 15.7 years for melanoma. Among 197 patients with lymphoma, 89.3% had extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL). Lymphomas were treated with external beam radiation therapy in 52.8%, surgical resection with or without cryopexy in 40.1%, and systemic chemotherapy in 4.0%. During an observation period of more than 12 months, recurrence was observed in 8.4% and extraocular lymphoma occurred in 1.7%. In SCC and melanoma, common surgical resection with sufficient safety margin, cryopexy, and application of 0.04% mitomycin C were performed as eye-preserving therapy. Orbital exenteration was performed in advanced cases. Recurrence rates and regional lymph node metastasis rates during an observation period of more than 12 months were, respectively, 30.1% and 6.2% in SCC. Recurrence rates and regional lymph node or distant organ metastasis rates during an observation period of more than 24 months for melanoma were 29% for both. Tumor-related mortality was 16% in melanoma, but 0% in lymphoma and SCC.

Conclusions

Lymphoma was the major malignant conjunctival tumor in a Japanese ophthalmology referral center, which may reflect a unique epidemiological trend in Japan compared to Western countries. The prognosis of lymphoma and SCC after appropriate treatment was favorable, except for some cases of advanced SCC.
Nrg4 Secreted by Brown Adipose Tissue Suppresses Ferroptosis of Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Feng Linqi , Cui Jun , Chen Wenlong , Zhu Lei , Li Panpan , Zhou Haitao , Sun Yang , Yi Wei
Published: February 2025

Sepsis is a leading cause of death, with the liver being particularly vulnerable to sepsis-related injuries. This damage significantly contributes to disease progression, underscoring the need for new treatments. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) secretes various cytokines, including neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), which plays a protective role in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Ferroptosis, a key type of cell death in sepsis-induced liver injury, has recently gained attention. This study aimed to investigate how BAT-secreted cytokines alleviate liver ferroptosis in sepsis. Septic liver injury was induced in the control and BAT group using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide injections. BAT removal worsened ferroptosis; in contrast, CL316243 activation reduced it. These findings suggest that Nrg4 secretion following BAT activation protects the liver during sepsis by inhibiting ferroptosis. Future therapies targeting BAT activation and Nrg4 could potentially mitigate sepsis-induced liver damage, offering new insights into treatment strategies.
Distribution of the Hessian values of Gaussian hypergeometric functions
Authors: Ono Ken , Pujahari Sudhir , Saad Hasan , Saikia Neelam
Published: February 2025

We consider a special family of Gaussian hypergeometric functions whose entries are cubic and trivial characters over finite fields. The special values of these functions are known to give the Frobenius traces of families of Hessian elliptic curves. Using the theory of harmonic Maass forms and mock modular forms, we prove that the limiting distribution of these values is semi-circular (i.e. SU(2)), confirming the usual Sato–Tate distribution in this setting.
Sex- and age-differences in supine positional obstructive sleep apnea in children and adults
Authors: Li Leping , Shi Min , Umbach David M. , Bricker Katelyn , Fan Zheng
Published: February 2025

Aim

To analyze sex differences in age trajectories of supine positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA).

Methods

We conducted retrospective analysis of polysomnography studies from 13,144 individuals aged from 2 to 103 years with at least 30 min of both supine and lateral sleep. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to estimate position-specific mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values and logistic regression to estimate the proportion with POSA or with exclusive POSA among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Predictors included sex, 5-y age group, sleep position, and their interactions.

Results

Supine AHI was higher than lateral AHI regardless of age or sex except under age 5 y. The ratio of supine AHI to lateral AHI reliably exceeded 2 after age 30–35 in males and age 50–55 in females. For both sexes, the proportion with POSA among individuals with OSA increased rapidly with age until 30–35 and then stabilized. The proportion with POSA among individuals with OSA was significantly higher in males than females for each age group between 40 and 75 (p < 0.03). Among individuals with OSA in those 20 and older, the proportion with POSA was 64.6% (95% CI: 62.7%, 66.5%) in males and 55.8% (95% CI: 53.6%, 57.8%) in females. The proportion of individuals showing exclusive POSA also increased with age and peaked near 41% at age 15–20 in males and at age 20–25 in females.

Conclusion

POSA becomes more common with age in both sexes; in women, its prevalence is generally lower but continues to increase after age 65.
Development and implementation of an IVR-based assessment system for student teachers’ professional vision
Authors: Liu Tzu-Chien , Lin Yi-Chun
Published: February 2025

Professional vision (PV), which includes the ability to perceive and interpret classroom events, is important for classroom behaviour management, particularly in the training of student teachers. However, to date, few assessment systems that can assess student teachers’ professional vision by immersing them in a realistic classroom environment (presence) from their own perspective (first-person perspective) have been developed. To address this gap, this study employs a design-based research approach to develop an immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology-based professional vision assessment system (IVR-based PVAS). The research outlines the four-stage process through which the system was constructed to meet the requirements of professional vision assessment and address the core challenges of the current assessment approach. Twenty-four student teachers were enrolled as participants in an implementation case study in which their perceptions and interpretations of seven classroom events related to student misbehaviour were assessed via an IVR-based PVAS. The participants’ problems with perception and interpretation were diagnosed with multiple assessment indices. The benefits of the IVR-based PVAS are summarised, and recommendations are provided for the use of this assessment system in both instruction and research.
Framing Empathy: Examining Audience Responses to Female-On-Male Sexual Violence
Authors: Tselenti Danai , Cardoso Daniel , Carvalho Joana
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this secondary study was to investigate readers’ empathic framings in response to a female-on-male rape literary story, as articulated in online reviews on Goodreads. Drawing upon Nabi’s “emotions-as-frames” approach, we conducted a qualitative framing analysis by using a combination of deductive and inductive strategies. Two overarching empathy frames already present in the literature (bright, and dark empathy) served as interpretive anchors for categorizing empathic responses. Additionally, sentiment analysis was used to assess responses’ emotional valences. Qualitative findings yielded five main framings: (1) female-centered empathy and (2) sadistic empathy (aligning with the dark empathy frame); (3) empathic distress and (4) empathic anger (demonstrating overlaps between the bright and dark empathy frame), and (5) compassion (characteristic of the bright empathy frame). Sentiment analysis results showed a notable presence of mixed sentiments. Our findings highlight how empathy operates across a spectrum, encompassing various combinations of self-oriented and other-oriented framings with diverse emotional valences (positive, negative and mixed). These nuanced responses shape distinct paths of feeling through, with/as, for, or even showing concern for the fictional male victims. They further point to the significance of “feeling rules” that socially distribute empathy and establish hierarchies of “deserving” and “non-deserving” recipients. Departing from previous research that approaches empathic reactions to rape themes within a unidimensional perspective, our findings point to the importance of addressing the interrelations between audience responses and multi-dimensional, multivalent emotional flows. We further discuss the implications of the “darker” sides of empathic engagement for sexual violence prevention and efforts to challenge male rape myths.