bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A micro‐mechanically based quadratic yield condition for textured polycrystals
Authors: Böhlke T. , Risy G. , Bertram A.
Published: July 2010

In the present paper a two‐scale approach for the description of anisotropies in sheet metals is introduced, which combines the advantages of a macroscopic and a microscopic modeling. While the elastic law, the flow rule, and the hardening rule are formulated on the macroscale, the anisotropy is taken into account in terms of a micro‐mechanically defined 4th‐order texture coefficient. The texture coefficient specifies the anisotropic part of the elasticity tensor and the quadratic yield condition. The evolution of the texture coefficients is described by a rigid‐viscoplastic Taylor type model. The advantage of the suggested model compared to the classical v. Mises‐Hill model is first, that macroscopic anisotropy parameters can be identified based on a texture measurement, and second, that the anisotropy of the elastic and the plastic behavior is generally path‐dependent and that this path‐dependence is related to a micro‐mechanical deformation mechanism. An explicit modeling of the plastic spin is circumvented by the aforementioned micro‐mechanical approach. The model is implemented into the FE code ABAQUS and applied to the simulation of the deep drawing process of aluminum.
Differential scanning calorimetry – continuum mechanical considerations with focus to the polymerisation of adhesives
Authors: Lion A. , Yagimli B.
Published: July 2010

To study temperature‐induced changes in the specific enthalpy of materials, the differential scanning calorimetry technique (DSC) is a powerful experimental approach. It is well‐established in physical chemistry and materials science but less familiar in continuum mechanics. In this context, the balance equation of energy in conjunction with the theory of internal variables is the fundamental aspect from the point of view of continuum mechanics. This paper presents the theoretical fundamentals of how to take classical and temperature‐modulated DSC tests into account in order to model or identify the thermochemical parts of the specific‐free energy, which is the most commonly used thermodynamic potential in continuum mechanics. The numerical examples treated in this work provide an insight into the possibilities of the DSC technique and into the constitutive representation of exothermal energy changes in curing adhesives.
Paneth's disease
Authors: Wehkamp Jan , Stange Eduard F.
Published: July 2010

In about 70% of patients Crohn's disease (CD) affects the small intestine. This disease location is stable over time and associated with a genetic background different from isolated colonic disease. A characteristic feature of small intestinal host defense is the presence of Paneth cells at the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkühn. These cells produce different broad spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) most abundantly the α-defensins HD-5 and -6 (DEFA5 und DEFA6). In small intestinal Crohn's disease both these PC products are specifically reduced. As a functional consequence, ileal extracts from Crohn's disease patients are compromised in clearing bacteria and enteroadherent E. coli colonize the mucosa. Mechanisms for defective antimicrobial Paneth cell function are complex and include an association with a NOD2 loss of function mutation, a disturbance of the Wnt pathway transcription factor TCF7L2 (also known as TCF4), the autophagy factor ATG16L1 , the endosomal stress protein XBP1, the toll-like receptor TLR9, the calcium mediated potassium chanel KCNN4 as well as mutations or inactivation of HD5. Thus we conclude that small intestinal Crohn's disease is most likely a complex disease of the Paneth cell: Paneth's disease.
Sensory responses to mechanically and chemically induced tendon pain in healthy subjects
Authors: Slaterl Helen , Gibsonl William , Graven‐Nielsenl Thomas
Published: July 2010

This investigation aimed to quantify and compare sensory responses to hypertonic saline‐induced pain in the tendoachilles and the common extensor tendon of the elbow. Healthy subjects (n =14; seven males) received in randomised order, injections of sterile saline (0.5 ml, 5.8% hypertonic or 0.9% isotonic saline) at each tendon bilaterally at two sessions separated by one week. Mechanical sensitivity (pressure pain threshold), muscle pain intensity (visual analogue scale; VAS area‐under‐curve, pain duration, peak pain) and pain distribution were assessed pre, immediately after and post saline injection. Hypertonic saline‐induced pain intensity (VAS area‐under‐curve, duration and peak) was significantly greater compared with control injections (P <0.001) and induced significantly greater VAS area (P <0.01) and longer pain duration (P <0.001) in tendoachilles compared with the common extensor tendon. Regardless of saline type and compared with pre and post injection, mechanical sensitivity increased significantly (P <0.01) immediately after injections at all injected tendon sites. Hypertonic saline‐induced referred pain was infrequent (tendoachilles: n =3 and common extensor tendon: n =4). Significant maximal force attenuation occurred immediately after hypertonic saline injections in both tendons (P <0.001) compared with control injections. The greater induced deep tissue pain and hyperalgesia demonstrated at tendoachilles compared with the common extensor tendon may relate to anatomical differences such as higher nociceptor density or increased vascular perfusion at the injection site. This translational tendon pain model may contribute to the further understanding of pain mechanisms in tendinopathic conditions.
Molecular simulations provide new insights into the role of the accessory immunoglobulin‐like domain of Cel9A
Authors: Liu Hanbin , Pereira Jose Henrique , Adams Paul D. , Sapra Rajat , Simmons Blake A. , Sale Kenneth L.
Published: July 2010

Cel9A from the thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius belongs to the subfamily E1 of family 9 glycoside hydrolases, many members of which have an N‐terminal Ig‐like domain followed by the catalytic domain. The Ig‐like domain is not directly involved in either carbohydrate binding or biocatalysis; however, deletion of the Ig‐domain promotes loss of enzymatic activity. We have investigated the functional role of the Ig‐like domain using molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations indicate that residues within the Ig‐like domain are dynamically correlated with residues in the carbohydrate‐binding pocket and with key catalytic residues of Cel9A. Free energy perturbation simulations indicate that the Ig‐like domain stabilizes the catalytic domain and may be responsible for the enhanced thermostability of Cel9A.
Pac1 endonuclease and Dhp1p 5′ → 3′ exonuclease are required for U3 snoRNA termination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Nabavi Sadeq , Nazar Ross N.
Published: July 2010

Maturation of some snoRNAs is dependent on RNase III‐like endonuclease‐mediated transcript cleavage, which serves as an entry for the nuclear exosome complex that trims the transcript at the 3′‐end. Sequence deletions suggest this cleavage in the U3 snoRNA transcripts of Schizosaccharomyces pombe can induce transcript termination. Using mutational analyses, we demonstrate that the degree of cleavage correlates closely with both RNA maturation and transcript termination. We also show that the RNase III‐like endonuclease, Pac1, and the nuclear 5′‐exonuclease, Dhp1p, are essential for RNA production and transcript termination, supporting a “reversed torpedoes” model in which the endonuclease cut allows 5′‐ and 3′‐exonuclease activities access to the transcript, leading simultaneously to transcript termination in one direction and RNA maturation in the other.
Orientation of the axial ligands and magnetic properties of the hemes in the triheme ferricytochrome PpcA from G. sulfurreducens determined by paramagnetic NMR
Authors: Morgado Leonor , Saraiva Ivo H. , Louro Ricardo O. , Salgueiro Carlos A.
Published: July 2010

The geometry of the axial ligands of the hemes in the triheme cytochrome PpcA from Geobacter sulfurreducens was determined in solution for the ferric form using the unambiguous assignment of the NMR signals of the α‐substituents of the hemes. The paramagnetic 13C shifts of the hemes can be used to define the heme electronic structure, the geometry of the axial ligands, and the magnetic susceptibility tensor. The latter establishes the magnitude and geometrical dependence of the pseudocontact shifts, which are crucial to warrant reliable structural constraints for a detailed structural characterization of this paramagnetic protein in solution.
Crystal structure of leukotriene A4 hydrolase in complex with kelatorphan, implications for design of zinc metallopeptidase inhibitors
Authors: Tholander Fredrik , Roques Bernard-Pierre , Fournié-Zaluski Marie-Claude , Thunnissen Marjolein M.G.M. , Haeggström Jesper Z.
Published: July 2010

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a key enzyme in the inflammatory process of mammals. It is an epoxide hydrolase and an aminopeptidase of the M1 family of the MA clan of Zn‐metallopeptidases. We have solved the crystal structure of LTA4H in complex with N‐[3(R)‐[(hydroxyamino)carbonyl]‐2‐benzyl‐1‐oxopropyl]‐L‐alanine, a potent inhibitor of several Zn‐metalloenzymes, both endopeptidases and aminopeptidases. The inhibitor binds along the sequence signature for M1 aminopeptidases, GXMEN. It exhibits bidentate chelation of the catalytic zinc and binds to LTA4H's enzymatically essential carboxylate recognition site. The structure gives clues to the binding of this inhibitor to related enzymes and thereby identifies residues of their S1′ sub sites as well as strategies for design of inhibitors.
A novel splice variant of the human dicer gene is expressed in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Potenza Nicoletta , Papa Umberto , Scaruffi Paola , Mosca Nicola , Tonini Gian Paolo , Russo Aniello
Published: July 2010

Dicer is a ribonuclease playing a key role in the biogenesis of microRNAs and small interfering RNAs. Here we report the identification of a novel splice variant of human dicer gene, the first one bearing a modified coding sequence. It encodes a truncated protein, t‐Dicer that lacks the dsRNA‐binding domain and is defective in one of the two RNase III catalytic centers. The splice variant was found in neuroblastoma cells and in cells induced to neuronal differentiation, whereas it was not detectable in other cell lines or in normal tissues. Interestingly, it occurred in primary neuroblastic tumors, mainly in stroma poor neuroblastomas.
Treatment of a lower urinary tract infection in a cat caused by a multi-drug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Pomba Constança , Couto Natasha , Moodley Arshnee
Published: July 2010

Staphylococci and enterococci are common causes of urinary tract infections in cats. However, both species are rarely implicated together as causes of lower urinary tract infections associated with urethral obstruction. This report describes the first case of a multi-drug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius belonging to spa type t06 and Enterococcus faecalis urinary infection in a cat with pre-existing and recurrent urethral obstruction. Both species were isolated at >105 CFU/ml from a cystocentesis urine specimen. Clinical and ultrasound features, results from urinalysis, urine culture, molecular typing and susceptibility testing by minimal inhibitory concentrations determination are described. Oral treatment with nitrofurantoin, the only antimicrobial agent that constituted a viable therapeutic option, had a positive outcome.
Relationships between Consumer Sentiment towards Marketing and Consumer Lifestyles
Authors: Lawson Rob , Todd Sarah , Boshoff Christo
Published: July 2010

Gaski and Eztel's (1986) index of consumer sentiment towards marketing was included together with conventional AIO (activities, interests and opinions) measures in a major survey of consumer lifestyles in New Zealand. Analysis of the AIO material produced a seven segment solution which clearly distinguished consumers on the basis of their value orientations and levels of resources (Todd, Lawson & Faris 1996). All four indices (i.e., Product, Price, Advertising, Retail) comprising the overall consumer sentiment measure were significantly associated with the lifestyle segments. Overall, those consumers who are experiencing better standards of living in material terms are much more positive in their sentiments towards marketing activities in society.
A History of Network and Channels Thinking in Marketing in the 20Th Century
Authors: Wilkinson Ian
Published: July 2010

The development of research explaining the structure and operations of interfirm relations and networks in marketing channels and business markets is described. The focus is on the main contributors and research themes that have underpinned the development of marketing thought in this area since the beginning of the 20th century. I show how ideas have been borrowed from other disciplines such as economics and the behavioral sciences to inform research and develop marketing theory, and how different but overlapping research traditions emerged in North America, Europe and Australasia. A broad picture is painted of the intellectual history regarding the subject of interfirm networks, rather than a detailed exposition of particular theories or contributions. This is followed by a state of knowledge assessment in terms of five fundamental explananda identified at the outset of the article. I conclude by discussing some of the main research issues challenging researchers in the 21st century.
Brand Extensions: Prestige Brand Effects
Authors: Lye Ashley , Venkateswarlu P. , Barrett Jo
Published: July 2010

Competition and consumer brand attitudes make introducing a new brand risky and very expensive, increasing the attractiveness of brand extensions. Brand extension research has established that original brand quality perceptions, product category fit, consumer perceptions of the product category complementarity and substitutability, plus the transferability of design and manufacturing capability significantly influence extension attitude formation. However, these studies fail to differentiate between brand types and have aggregated out category effects. Using a national survey we show that brand type (prestige, functional) and extension category are important variables in consumer brand extension attitude formation. Perceived quality influences functional brands more than prestige brands as prestige brand attitudes assume quality. Functional brands experience less dilution than prestige brands, implying less risk and greater expandability than argued by previous authors.
The Association between Daily Weather and Daily Shopping Patterns
Authors: Parsons Andrew G.
Published: July 2010

This study examines the relationship between daily weather and daily shopping patterns. The weather construct is operationalised using data from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, whilst the shopping data is a shopper count from a major shopping centre. Results from a multiple regression analysis suggest that the most tangible weather variables (rainfall and temperature) provide cues for shopping decisions. Possible linkages between weather, mood, and behaviour are discussed as an alternative to the physical deterrents / inducements explanation of this association.
Designing Vignette Studies in Marketing
Authors: Wason Kelly D. , Polonsky Michael J. , Hyman Michael R.
Published: July 2010

In empirical marketing studies, vignettes are increasingly used to develop measurement scales, assess public/organizational policy, and study key variables in judging the decisions or actions of a protagonist. Despite their frequent use, integrated recommendations for creating vignettes are limited. A brief introduction to vignette methods and their previous applications in marketing is provided. This is followed by suggestions for designing vignettes and vignette-based studies based on a review of the literature. The suggestions form a checklist that should help researchers who conduct vignette-based studies to consider all relevant issues and thus obtain valid data.
Service Expectations and Consumer Ethnocentrism
Authors: Speece Mark , Pinkaeo Krairoek
Published: July 2010

This paper proposes that the concept of consumer ethnocentrism can be examined by looking at departures from the strong price/quality relationship perceived by consumers in many countries. To illustrate the argument, we examine service expectations toward life insurance and university international programs in Thailand. In evaluating country-of-origin for brand, design, and nationality of service contact personnel, consumers rated Thai services well above Thailand's objective place in the country-of-origin hierarchy, which is a common way of detecting ethnocentrism. This in itself, however, is not necessarily evidence of ethnocentrism, as consumers may believe that home country services are higher quality. Then, if they also believe that price relates strongly to quality, they should expect to pay prices consistent with the higher quality. However, Thai services depart from an otherwise strong perceived price/perceived quality relationship. Consumers do not expect prices for Thai services which are consistent with their expected quality.
Antecedents and Consequences of Affective Commitment
Authors: Bloemer Josée , Odekerken-Schröder Gaby
Published: July 2010

The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of three psychological antecedents (position involvement, volitional choice and informational complexity) on affective commitment in a financial service setting. Furthermore, this study addresses the consequences of affective commitment on loyalty in terms of word of mouth, purchase intention, price insensitivity and complaining. An empirical research among 439 customers of a financial service was conducted to test our hypothesized model and compare it to a rival model. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results reveal that affective commitment can best be explained by position involvement. Moreover, affective commitment is a key determinant of word of mouth, purchase intention and price sensitivity. Managerial implications, limitations and directions for future research are provided.
Philosophising on the Elusiveness of Relationship Marketing Theory in Consumer Markets: A Case for Reassessing Ontological and Epistemological Assumptions
Authors: Shrivastava Samir , Kale Sudhir H.
Published: July 2010

Relationship marketing in consumer markets came to the forefront of marketing in the 1990s. However, theory development in this area lags behind applications and prescriptions. We attribute this lack of development, in part, to researchers asking the wrong questions. A case is made for reassessing the epistemological and ontological assumptions about relationships in consumer markets. We argue that humans appear to be genetically predisposed to forming relationships. Instead of concentrating on why consumers seek relationships, researchers should ask, “How do consumers get into relationships with marketing entities?” The rephrased research question will prove more apt in consumer markets where reality is socially constructed. Finally, we assert that a discovery-oriented phenomenological approach should be adopted to answer the rephrased question.
Segmenting Markets by Bagged Clustering
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Leisch Friedrich
Published: July 2010

We introduce bagged clustering as a new approach in the field of post hoc market segmentation research and illustrate the managerial advantages over both hierarchical and partitioning algorithms, especially with large binary data sets. The most important improvements are enhanced stability and interpretability of segments based on binary data. One of the main goals of the procedure is to complement more traditional techniques as an exploratory segment analysis tool. The merits of the approach are illustrated using a tourism marketing application.
A Profile of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Ecommerce in SME Professional Service Firms
Authors: McCole Patrick , Ramsey Elaine
Published: July 2010

The new spatial possibilities of Internet-based technologies provide a powerful route to innovative marketing strategies. Consequently, firms of all sizes are finding it necessary to establish a Web presence to increase their ability to survive in an increasingly dynamic and competitive business environment. This study reports on the differences between adopters and non-adopters of electronic commerce in SME professional service firms in New Zealand. Six factors relating to a firm's external/internal environment were found to underpin adoption. These are: response to technological environment / opportunities afforded by technology; negative attitudes or perceived barriers/impediments to electronic commerce; electronic commerce capability; response to new technology/innovation; customer orientation; and sensitivity to competitive/customer environments. T-tests reveal differences between adopters and non-adopters, and logistic regression is used to assess the extent to which these six factors actually predict electronic commerce adoption.
Repeated Binary Logit: Analysing Variation in Behavioural Loyalty
Authors: Rungie Cam , Laurent Gilles
Published: July 2010

Brand and store managers are anxious to obtain high “loyalty,” as operationalized by repeat purchase behaviour. In this paper, we introduce the Repeated Binary Logit (RBL) model, which analyses directly the impact of covariates on repeat purchase, and which can be described as an extension of traditional logistic regression. We present empirical applications of RBL, and we discuss its relationships to several classical models.
Environmental Attitudes and Their Relation to the Dominant Social Paradigm among University Students in New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Kilbourne William E. , Polonsky Michael J.
Published: July 2010

This paper develops a causal model of environmental attitudes using measures of the dominant social paradigm of Western industrial societies. Four components of the DSP framework are examined with regard to environmental attitudes and perception of change using a sample of university students from Australia and New Zealand. The results indicate that one's belief in the DSP has a negative effect on both environmental attitudes and perception of change necessary to ameliorate degradation of the environment. Thus, while public policy favors increasing awareness of and interest in the environment, policy instruments may remain ineffective in producing lasting change if the components of the DSP remain unchanged. It is argued that public policy ought to be directed at changing the DSP so that its negative effects will be minimized.
Designing and Implementing Internet Questionnaires Using Microsoft Excel
Authors: Black Iain R. , Efron Alejandra , Ioannou Christina , Rose John M.
Published: July 2010

Over the past ten years, the use of the Internet and e-mail as communication tools has become ubiquitous. In the survey arena, the rising costs of gathering data have been partly compensated by the use of the internet and e-based technologies which offer a range of new, relatively cost effective survey design and delivery options. This paper reports on two studies where Microsoft Excel was used to design and gather data without the additional investment associated with specialist programs. Study one examines the development of a multi-attribute survey conducted to create a new scale using a local (Australian) population of students. The second describes the use of Excel in a stated choice experiment that was sent to an international sample of museum managers. These studies show that it requires minimal programming skill on behalf of the researcher whilst offering the many of the cost, administrative and questionnaire design benefits seen with specialist software and Internet delivery. We conclude that Microsoft Excel can be considered when designing online surveys as it provides a wide range of features and benefits that allow for flexible, rich instrument design and fast, potentially accurate, data collection, checking and entry.
Industrial Organization
Authors: Belleflamme Paul , Peitz Martin
Published: July 2010

Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies provides an up-to-date account of modern industrial organization that blends theory with real-world applications. Written in a clear and accessible style, it acquaints the reader with the most important models for understanding strategies chosen by firms with market power and shows how such firms adapt to different market environments. It covers a wide range of topics including recent developments on product bundling, branding strategies, restrictions in vertical supply relationships, intellectual property protection, and two-sided markets, to name just a few. Models are presented in detail and the main results are summarized as lessons. Formal theory is complemented throughout by real-world cases that show students how it applies to actual organizational settings. The book is accompanied by a website containing a number of additional resources for lecturers and students, including exercises, answers to review questions, case material and slides.
Introducing English Linguistics
Authors: Meyer Charles F.
Published: July 2010

Are you looking for a genuine introduction to the linguistics of English that provides a broad overview of the subject that sustains students' interest and avoids excessive detail? Introducing English Linguistics accomplishes this goal in two ways. First, it takes a top-down approach to language, beginning with the largest unit of linguistic structure, the text, and working its way down through successively smaller structures (sentences, words, and finally speech sounds). The advantage of presenting language this way is that students are first given the larger picture - they study language in context - and then see how the smaller pieces of language are a consequence of the larger goals of linguistic communication. Second, the book does not contain invented examples, as is the case with most comparable texts, but instead takes its sample materials from the major computerised databases of spoken and written English, giving students a more realistic view of language.
Emergence, biodiversification and extinction of the chitinozoan group
Authors: GRAHN YNGVE , PARIS FLORENTIN
Published: July 2010

Chitinozoans are considered as reproductive bodies of marine invertebrates, called chitinozoophorans. These chitinozoophorans were most likely to have been small, pelagic or necto-pelagic, soft-bodied, probably wormlike animals, and judging from the size of chitinozoans, they probably measured from a few millimetres to a few centimetres in length. The chitinozoophorans most likely survived by grazing on phytoplankton. There is no evidence of a large colonization of the pelagic niche in the Cambrian, but from the Early Ordovician onward, this niche was exploited chiefly by graptolites and chitinozoophorans. Both groups inhabited nearshore and offshore habitats, but in contrast to the graptolites, the chitinozoans displayed their highest diversity at high latitude, in less distal (that is, upper and lower offshore) environments. The chitinozoan group evolved rapidly during the Ordovician and reached its maximum Ordovician diversity in the late Darriwilian. From the first occurrence of chitinozoans in early Tremadocian times, to the biodiversity crisis in latest Ordovician times, nearly 80 % of the morphological innovations took place. Until their extinction in the latest Devonian, chitinozoans survived through several biodiversity crises: in the early Late Ordovician, late Hirnantian, late Wenlock, earliest Emsian, and in the latest Frasnian (Kellwasser event). During the melting of the Hirnantian ice sheet, most Ordovician genera and species became extinct, but some genera extended beyond the boundary (e.g.Spinachitina,Belonechitina,Cyathochitina,Ancyrochitina). The Hirnantian glaciation was not directly responsible for the dramatic extinction of organic-walled microfossils, but it certainly accelerated the extinction of lineages that had already been weakened since the early to mid-Katian. The late Wenlock and earliest Emsian graptolite crises affected the chitinozoophorans to a lesser degree, and the latest Frasnian Kellwasser event did not greatly affect chitinozoophorans. The disappearance of the chitinozoan group at the end of the Famennian resulted from a combination of factors, for example, the chitinozoophorans probably no longer had the genetic potential for successful adaptations to successive drastic environmental changes (only one species is known from the latest Famennian), their usual niche was invaded by more efficient groups, and their usual food supply disappeared or was no longer sufficient. The latter factor is supported by the contemporaneous decline in phytoplankton.
A battery of 12 microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of theLeishmania(Viannia)guyanensiscomplex
Authors: ROUGERON V. , DE MEEÛS T. , HIDE M. , WALECKX E. , DEREURE J. , AREVALO J. , LLANOS-CUENTAS A. , BAÑULS A. L.
Published: July 2010

We used 12 microsatellite markers developed forLeishmania braziliensisto genotype 28 strains of the main species of theLeishmania guyanensiscomplex (i.e. L. guyanensisandL. panamensis) collected in Ecuador and Peru. The important heterozygote deficits observed in these populations are similar with the previous data obtained inL. braziliensisand raise again the debate on the reproductive mode of these protozoan parasites. The data showed genetic polymorphism and geographical differentiation giving information on population structure of theL. guyanensiscomplex. Regarding the two species, this study enhances again the debate on the taxonomic status of the different isolates belonging toL. guyanensiss.l. since the results showed substantial heterogeneity within this species complex. In conclusion, this study increases the number of available microsatellite loci forL. guyanensisspecies complex and raises fundamental biological questions. It confirms that microsatellite markers constitute good tools for population genetic studies on parasites of this complex.
Identifying Migrant Communities: A Contextual Analysis of Grave Assemblages from Continental Late Roman Cemeteries
Authors: Swift Ellen
Published: July 2010

Focusing on late Roman bracelets, and also including other relevant material culture types, this paper brings together an examination of spatial distribution, distribution by site-type, and selected specific burial contexts to investigate provincial Roman material of non-local origin. Using this methodology, it is suggested that migrant communities can be identified at Krefeld-Gellep in the Rhineland — thus demonstrating that this type of multi-layered approach can assist in unravelling the complexity of the surviving evidence. The study also shows that a bias towards military sites/large towns is a distribution pattern typical of material originating from a different area of the Roman Empire.
Constrained motion planning for open-chain industrial robots
Authors: Antonelli Gianluca , Curatella Cataldo , Marino Alessandro
Published: July 2010

In the industrial environment, several constraints affect the robot motion planning. These are imposed by manufacturing considerations, such as, e.g., to strictly follow a given path, or by physical constraints, such as, e.g., to avoid torque saturation. Among the others, limitation on the velocity, acceleration, and jerk at the joints is often required by the robot manufacturers. In this paper, a motion planning algorithm for open-chain robot manipulators that takes into account several constraints simultaneously is presented. The algorithm developed approaches the motion planning algorithm from a wide perspective, solving systematically the joint as well as the Cartesian motion, both for the point-to-point and the fly movements. The validation has been performed first by numerical simulations and then by experiments on two different industrial manipulators, with different size, with and without the presence of a payload, by imposing demanding trajectories where all the constraints have been excited.
Cubic surfaces over finite fields
Authors: SWINNERTON–DYER PETER
Published: July 2010

Let V be a nonsingular cubic surface defined over the finite field Fq. It is well known that the number of points on V satisfies #V(Fq) = q2 + nq + 1 where −2 ≤ n ≤ 7 and that n = 6 is impossible; see for example [1], Table 1. Serre has asked if these bounds are best possible for each q. In this paper I shall show that this is so, with three exceptions:
Threat perception in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
Authors: HENRY JULIE D. , VON HIPPEL COURTNEY , RUFFMAN TED , PERRY YAEL , RENDELL PETER G.
Published: July 2010

It has been suggested that, relative to the other basic emotions, the perception of threat-related emotion is disproportionately impaired in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Yet research has not assessed how schizophrenia-spectrum disorders affect the ability to make direct appraisals of threat. In the present study, participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were compared with controls on two danger rating tasks that involved differentiating between faces and situations normatively judged to be either high or low in threat. It was also assessed whether danger ratings were related to clinical symptoms, as well as performance on an emotion recognition measure that depicted emotions in point-light animation (biological motion). While the two groups did not differ in their ability to differentiate high- from low-danger stimuli, or overall danger attributed to faces, overall danger attributed to situations was greater for the clinical group. The clinical group also showed a selective deficit recognizing fear on the bioemotion task, but only for the control group was recognition of threat-related emotions associated with danger ratings. These data are consistent with other evidence showing that there may be a disconnect between the usual processes used to make inferences regarding potential threat in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. (JINS, 2010, 16, 805–812.)
Time in Consciousness, Consciousness in Time
Authors: Cockburn David
Published: July 2010

The paper is a criticism of the idea that a notion of ‘phenomenal consciousness’ has a significant role to play in the attempt to understand how the experience of change is possible. Discussion of such experience must give a significant place to its public and private manifestations. How should we picture the relationship between the experience of change and its manifestations? While we cannotidentifythese, we need not conclude that ‘the seeing or hearing itself’ is something distinct from – something that has a nature that may be investigated quite independently of – any of its public or private manifestations. With that, we cannot grasp how time can be present in consciousness without reference to the fact that consciousness is located in time.
Phenomenal Holism
Authors: Dainton Barry
Published: July 2010

According to proponents of ‘phenomenal holism’, the intrinsic characteristics of the parts of unified conscious states are dependent to some degree on the characteristics of the wholes to which they belong. Although the doctrine can easily seem obscure or implausible, there are eminent philosophers who have defended it, amongst them Timothy Sprigge. In Stream of Consciousness (2000) I found Sprigge's case for phenomenal holism problematic on several counts; in this paper I re-assess some of these criticisms. Recent experimental work suggests cross-modal perceptual interference may be far more prevalent than expected. I argue that although these results do lend support to phenomenal holism in one of its guises, they do not support the strong form of holism espoused by Sprigge. I then move on to consider the relevance and impact of certain gestalt-related considerations, and argue that these considerations at best establish that the stronger form of holism applies to some parts of some experiential states, but not to all parts of all states, as Sprigge claims. I then consider a more promising way forward for anyone who wishes to defend an across-the-board holism of the strong variety, arguing that what is required is a form of phenomenal interdependence that is rooted solely in phenomenal unity. I conclude by outlining a case for thinking that an interdependence of this sort is a quite general feature of unified conscious states.
Making Sense of Phenomenal Unity: An Intentionalist Account of Temporal Experience
Authors: Kiverstein Julian
Published: July 2010

Our perceptual experiences stretch across time to present us with movement, persistence and change. How is this possible given that perceptual experiences take place in the present that has no duration? In this paper I argue that this problem is one and the same as the problem of accounting for how our experiences occurring at different times can be phenomenally unified over time so that events occurring at different times can be experienced together. Any adequate account of temporal experience must also account for phenomenal unity. I look to Edmund Husserl's writings on time consciousness for such an account.
Factors associated with late presentation of cancer: a limited literature review
Authors: Almuammar A. , Dryden C. , Burr J.A.
Published: July 2010

According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2006), cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Deaths from cancer are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 9 million people dying from cancer in 2015 and 11.4 million dying in 2030 (WHO 2006). Delayed presentation or late diagnosis of cancer is associated with low survival. The aim of this review is to identify factors associated with delayed presentation of cancer that were reported by previous studies. Published studies which identified the most common factors attributed to the late presentation of cancer were reviewed. Publications were identified using MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), the Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database) databases. A Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. A data extraction sheet was used to systematically record relevant factors. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria which identified factors associated with patients’ delay including patients’ knowledge, stress and fear, and nature of the disease. Other factors were attributed to health providers such as general practitioner (GP) experience, referral delay, and a younger age group being considered as low risk, so symptoms were missed.
Different irradiation machines and their effects on testes’ exposure levels and sex hormones profile in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Ameri Ahmad , Sobhani Mehdi , Alidoosti Asadollah , Sharafi Ali Akbar , Arbabi Azim , Taslimi Farnaz , Fazlalizadeh Human
Published: July 2010

Objective: Complications of pelvic irradiation for rectal cancer have gained more attention because of increased survival of patients. The aim of this study was to compare testes doses when pelvis is irradiated using Cobalt 60 (Co60) for rectal cancer in comparison with linear accelerator (LINAC) and its effect on sex hormones levels.

Materials and Methods: In a cohort study, 28 rectal cancer patients that were candidate to receive pelvic radiotherapy were recruited in the study consecutively. They were sequentially assigned to receive radiotherapy using Co60 teletherapy or LINAC. Serum sex hormones levels were measured before and 3–6 weeks after irradiation. Testes absorption doses were measured three times during whole course of irradiation in nine patients.

Results: Testes doses in LINAC group were significantly lower than Co60 group (p < 0.001). Serum follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH ) levels increased after irradiation in both groups and there was not a significant relation between FSH and LH levels with treatment machine (p < 0.2 and p < 0.6, respectively). Serum testosterone level decreased significantly in Co60 group (p < 0.05) but not in LINAC group (p < 0.3).

Discussion: It seems using LINAC for pelvic irradiation in patient with rectal cancer cannot prevent hormonal changes and we suggest using extra shield to decrease testes doses below the toxic levels.
Some Personal Memories of Otto Scherzer
Authors: Typke Dieter , Rose Harald , Plies Erich , Haider Max
Published: July 2010

At last year's M&M meeting, the birth centennial of Otto Scherzer, one of the pioneers of electron optics and particularly the correction of electron-optical lenses, was remembered in a special symposium. His scientific achievements have been extensively described in an article by Marko and Rose (2010). Here we try to recollect some personal memories of Otto Scherzer from the time we spent at the “Institut für theoretische Physik” at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (now Technische Universität Darmstadt).
Development of different K-band MEMS phase shifter designs for satellite COTM terminals
Authors: Farinelli P. , Bastioli S. , Chiuppesi E. , Di Maggio F. , Margesin B. , Colpo S. , Ocera A. , Russo M. , Pomona I.
Published: July 2010

This work presents the design, manufacturing, and testing of three 5-bit K-band Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) phase shifters based on similar architectures (combination of switched line and loaded line) but employing different MEMS switch typologies (cantilevers and air bridges) and RF junctions (SP2T and SP4T). All devices have been monolithically manufactured on 200 µm thick high resistivity silicon substrate (4″) by using the Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) RF MEMS process. The performance of the different devices has been compared in order to identify the best configuration to be implemented in electronically steerable phased array antennas for satellite COTM (communication on the move) terminals. Excellent performances were measured for the dielectric-free pad RF MEMS switches as well as the single bits constituting the phase shifter. The three 5-bit devices show return losses better than 15 dB for all states, with average insertion loss of 3.5 dB for the clamped–clamped, SP2T-based design, 2.2 dB for the cantilever, SP2T-based device and 2.1 dB for the cantilever, SP4 T-based design. A low-cost Surface Mountable Technology (SMT) one-level package has been developed as well to allow the phase shifter integration into phased array antennas by using automatic surface mounting techniques. The design and simulation of the SMT package are also presented together with its measured RF performance.
Compact integrated slot array antennas for the 79 GHz automotive band
Authors: Pettersson Lars , Cheng Shi , Salter Michael , Rydberg Anders , Platt Duncan
Published: July 2010

This paper presents two compact slot array antennas for the 79 GHz automotive band integrated into a 28 µm thick benzocyclobutene (BCB) substrate attached to a 325 µm thick 5–20 Ω cm bulk resistivity silicon wafer. The two antennas are a transmit (TX) 1 × 8 slot array antenna with a size of 1 × 23 mm and a receive (RX) 8 × 8 slot array antenna with a size of 15 × 23 mm. Promising performance has been measured with the TX and RX subarray antennas (gain >4 dBi) with good matching to 50 Ω (RL > 10 dB) in the frequency range 70–90 GHz. By using a metal cavity, mounted on the back of the antenna, potential parallel plate or cavity modes could be reduced and the gain could also be increased by 2 dB. The measured and the simulated results are consistent.
A new nonlinear HEMT model for AlGaN/GaN switch applications
Authors: Callet Guillaume , Faraj Jad , Jardel Olivier , Charbonniaud Christophe , Jacquet Jean-Claude , Reveyrand Tibault , Morvan Erwan , Piotrowicz Stéphane , Teyssier Jean-Pierre , Quéré R.
Published: July 2010

We present here a new set of equations for modeling the I–V characteristics of Field Effects Transistors (FETs), particularly optimized for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. These equations describe the whole characteristics from negative to positive breakdown loci, and reproduce the current saturation at high level. Using this model enables to decrease the modeling process duration when a same transistor topology is used for several applications in a T/R module. It can even be used for switches design, which is the most demanding application in terms of I–V swing. Moreover, particular care was taken to accurately model the first third orders of the current derivatives, which is important for multione applications. We also focused on an accurate definition of the nonlinear elements such as capacitances for power applications. There are 18 parameters for the main current source (and six for both diodes Igsand Igd). This can be compared to Tajima's equations-based model (13 parameters) or to the Angelov model (14 parameters), which only fit the I–V characteristics for positive values of Vds. We will detail here the model formulation, and show some measurements/modeling comparisons on both I–V, [S]-parameters and temporal load-pull obtained for a 8 × 75 μm GaN HEMT, with 0.25 μm gate length.
Suizid und suizidales Verhalten bei Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Montesinos Amanda Heredia , Bromand Zohra , Aichberger Marion Christina , Temur-Erman Selver , Yesil Rahsan , Rapp Michael , Heinz Andreas , Schouler-Ocak Meryam
Published: July 2010

Migration ist ein Risikofaktor für Suizid und suizidales Verhalten, da Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund oft besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Insbesondere junge Frauen weisen häufiger Suizid und suizidales Verhalten auf als gleichaltrige einheimische Frauen. Die Beweggründe für suizidale Krisen bei Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund wurden nur wenig untersucht, doch erste Studien weisen darauf hin, dass neben psychischen und psychiatrischen insbesondere psychosoziale Faktoren ausschlaggebend sind. Zu den psychosozialen Faktoren gehören Dissonanzen zwischen Normen und Werten der Herkunftsgesellschaft und der Aufnahmegesellschaft, Identitätsfindungsprobleme, die konkreten Lebensbedingungen im Aufnahmeland, Probleme bei der Akkulturation, stressige Lebensereignisse und ein als kontrolliert erlebtes Leben. Allerdings entwickeln nicht alle Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund diese Art von Problemen. Neben den genannten Risikofaktoren existieren auch Schutzfaktoren vor Suizidalität, zu denen Persönlichkeitsvariablen wie Extraversion und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung sowie soziale Unterstützung und der Akkulturationsgrad zählen. Ob und wie diese Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren speziell bei jungen Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund die Genese von Suizidalität beeinflussen und wie diese Faktoren miteinander zusammenhängen, muss in zukünftigen detaillierteren Studien untersucht werden.