bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOFT PVC COMPOUNDING EXTRUDER DESIGN
Authors:   DOMEKS Machinery Ltd. Design Center, Avci Beyza , Dalmis Ibrahim ,   Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Çorlu Engineering Faculty, Yilmaz Serdar ,   Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Çorlu Engineering Faculty
Published: April 2024

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most preferred thermoplastics in the world due to its compatibility with various additives. PVC products are examined in two groups soft and rigid. Sheath, insulation, and filling materials used in electrical cables are some of the common usage areas of soft PVC. In this study, a soft PVC compound extruder machine was designed and manufactured. The system consists of 6 components: powder feeding system, main rotor, discharge transfer screw system, pelletizer, pellet cooling (cooler) unit and main control panel (HMI). In the designed and produced machine, the temperature values can be entered into the HMI panel according to the desired formulation, and the temperatures of the desired sections can be controlled during the compound production using thermocouples. Heating is brought to the desired level using PID control with resistances, cooling with fans in the main screw area and water in the transfer area. During the compound production process, many values such as temperature and pressure values can be controlled from the material feeding section to the pelletizer section. The density of the soft PVC compound produced was measured as 1.475 gr/cm3 . The test sample was produced from PVC compound, which was produced via the compounder designed and manufactured in this study, with a laboratory-type extruder. Tensile and elongation tests were carried out according to the ISO 527-2 test method. As a result of the test, it was observed that produced soft PVC compound extended by 280%. As a result of the experiments, it has been determined that the designed and manufactured compounder machine produces the sheath, insulation and filling materials (Plasticized PVC) used in the electrical cables appropriately.
EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE UNSTABILIZED FLOW OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE LIQUIDS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sykorsky”, Mamedov Asiman , Murashchenko Alona , Yakhno Oleg
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to influence of a transverse magnetic field is determined by the action of the so-called ponderomotive forces, which has magnetic nature. Such an impact makes it possible to evaluate the characteristics of the flow in the hydrodynamic initial section, pressure losses and determine the length of the initial section itself. It is shown that in some cases the action of a magnetic field leads to a change in the rheological properties of a viscous liquid. The article presents the processing of experimental data, thanks to the planning of experimental data carried out according to the appropriate methodology. The presented form, the characteristics of the velocity field were obtained for various values of the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number. It is also shown that in the case under consideration, the length of the hydrodynamic initial section is a function of the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number.
APPLICATION OF FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN FOR ANALYSIS OF CUTTING ENERGY IN TURNING
Authors:   University of Niš, Trifunović Milan , Madić Miloš ,   University of Niš
Published: April 2024

Energy consumption in machining processes is a very important aspect that has been given increased importance in recent times. This article, therefore, proposes an approach for identification of the most important main and interaction effects of turning parameters regarding the cutting energy in dry longitudinal single-pass turning of low-alloyed and high-alloyed steels. Fractional factorial design was applied to arrange five parameters, namely, depth of cut, feed rate, cutting speed, rake angle and cutting edge angle at two levels. Based on the cutting tool manufacturer’s machining calculator and well-known analytical relationships, cutting energy was estimated for sixteen cutting regimes for both workpiece material groups. The analysis of obtained results involved the analysis of main and interaction effects, determination of statistically significant effects and development of cutting energy prediction models.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic properties of leaves aqueous extract of Sonchus maritimus
Authors: Chetehouna Sara , Derouiche Samir , Réggami Yassine
Published: April 2024

One of the most serious health issues facing worldwide today is diabetes mellitus. Although they have inevitable adverse effects, conventional antidiabetic medications are effective. However, plants might also provide an alternate source of anti-diabetic chemicals. This study was focused on determining the antioxidant activities of the leaves aqueous extract of Sonchus maritimus using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability assay power (FRAP), as well as its antidiabetic activities, which were performed using different protocols, including alpha-amylase inhibitory properties, glucose uptake by yeast cell’s ability, and glucose adsorption capacity. It was noted that S. maritimum extract exhibited moderate activities to scavenge the free radical DPPH and to reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron compared to standard (ascorbic acid). However, the aqueous extract of S. maritimus showed better alpha-amylase inhibitory activity compared to acarbose. It also showed good adsorption strength for binding to glucose molecules. Moreover, the extract showed excellent improvement in glucose uptake by yeast cells at different glucose concentrations in the medium compared to metformin. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of S. maritimus leaves is a promising source of potential antidiabetic compounds that can help prevent diabetes complications and alleviate associated oxidative stress.
Contemporary Statistical Trends of Export of Goods From Georgia to Latvia
Authors: Abesadze Nino , Gelashvili Simon , Abesadze Otar
Published: April 2024

Despite the improvement of the indicators of Georgia's export relations with the European Union, the balance of foreign trade with many countries, including Latvia, is negative. It amounts to −29 357.00 thousand US dollars, and compared to the previous year, it has increased by 27 %. The aim of the paper was to analyze the main trends of exports from Georgia to Latvia. Statistical research methods were used in the research process. In general, export relations with Latvia are characterized by an increasing trend. During the study period, during the last ten years, exports grew by an average of 8.8 % annually and were characterized by a rather diverse commodity structure. The range of growth rates varied between 77.6 % and 135 %, and its magnitude varied at different stages. In 2022, Georgia’s exports to Latvia increased by 31.2 % compared to the previous year and by 35 % compared to 2019. During the research period, there were no significant changes in the product structure, and the main export products were wine of fresh grapes, petroleum and petroleum oils, undenatured ethyl alcohol, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages, waters, natural or artificial mineral and aerated waters, etc. The volume of local exports to Latvia is increasing. In 2014–2022, it grew by an average of 3.7 % annually, although the share of local exports in total exports to Latvia fell from 92 % in 2014 to 67.7 % by 2022. Instead, the volume of re-exports increases. In the same period, the re-export volume increased by 28.3 % annually. The commodity structure also changed slightly.
Problems of alcohol consumption in the oral and written literary tradition of the Yakuts (late 19th – early 20th centuries)
Authors: Semenova Valentina Grigorevna , Efimova Lyudmila Stepanovna , Basharina Zoya Konstantinovna
Published: April 2024

The research subject of this article is the texts of folklore and literary works of the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, dedicated to the issue of alcohol consumption. The research was conducted using historical-cultural and comparative-historical methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the authors’ attempt to comprehensively study the problem of alcohol in folklore and written literary works of the pre-revolutionary period. The study examines the initial instances of critical understanding of alcohol consumption in Yakut society, as expressed in oral and written literary traditions of the people. In their analysis of the texts, the authors explored previously undiscovered archival documents. They conclude that, starting from the late 19th century, “songs about vodka” emerged in Yakut folklore, addressing the issues of alcohol consumption and explaining the harmful effects of alcoholic beverages to the population. The article acknowledges the contribution of folk singers who, alongside intelligentsia, initiated efforts the combat excessive drinking in Yakutia. In the 1910s, A.E. Kulakovsky, the founder of Yakut literature, authored two works addressing the problem of alcoholism. These were the first works in Yakut literature presented in the form of literary genres: a short poem and a narrative poem with a clearly expressed and developing plot, and a well-balanced composition. While folk singers raised awareness of the issue of drinking in their songs and portrayed its harmful effects on individuals, Kulakovsky, recognizing alcoholism as a potential national threat, vividely illustrated the potential consequences of alcohol addiction and its destructive impact on people's lives. A.E. Kulakovsky, as an educator, public figure, and spiritual leader of the nation, endeavored through his creative work to caution his people against excessive alcohol consumption.
Leionema paulii (Rutaceae), a new, range-restricted endemic species from south-eastern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Phillips Gavin Paul
Published: April 2024

Leionema paulii G.P.Phillips (Rutaceae), a newly recognised species of restricted distribution from montane south-eastern New South Wales is here described. It is compared with the morphologically similar L. phylicifolium (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson, L. ceratogynum N.G.Walsh and L. lachnaeoides (A.Cunn.) Paul G.Wilson. The distribution, habitat and proposed conservation status for the new taxon are presented, and a modified key to the species of Leionema found in New South Wales is also included. Leionema paulii was previously recorded as a disjunct population of L. phylicifolium that was previously not represented by any herbarium specimens. This highlights the opportunity for further taxonomic discovery through the collection and analysis of specimens from more disjunct and discrete populations in genera that contain large numbers of narrow-range endemics.
Carving Drought Impact Over Purulia District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Bauri Bhumika
Published: April 2024

Purulia was the westernmost district of West Bengal (from 1956) and is drought-prone due to deficient rainfall, its undulating topography with rugged hilly terrains and its positioning near the Tropic of Cancer, the spatial evaluation of vulnerable and risk-prone places.

The various impacts of drought, such as meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural, are assessed by considering the meteorological parameters, vulnerability, and risk levels. The fundamental factors impacting susceptibility and risk are recognised, and the drought years are analysed. The methodologies applied GIS technology, EREDAS, and secondary data were collected to analyse the type of drought. The intensities and types of droughts: a spatial analysis and relative vulnerability assessment of the Kashipur/ Purulia block by Remote Sensing and GIS. Analysis of pre- and post-monsoon meteorological and Agricultural drought.

Agriculture is a climate-sensitive activity. The mechanism is to know the farmers, what crops to grow, when suitable, the climatic parameters, temperature, rainfall concentration, and seasonal hazards. A well-planned agriculture practice has been proposed, and an adequately calculated water budget, catchment treatment plan, and implementation of a perfect crop plan, seeds, manures, and pesticides are the weapons of the drought-hit Purulia/Kashipur farmers.
Study the Input Use Pattern and Cost and Returns of Hybrid Cotton Seed Production in Karnataka, India
Authors: . Channamma , Satihal D. G. , Joshi Amrutha. T , Ganigara Basavaraj S , Naik, K Vasudeva
Published: April 2024

The cotton industry is a cornerstone of the global agricultural sector, contributing significantly to economies, employment, and trade. The improved situation regarding hybrid seeds made this investigation to undertake the present study on “Input use pattern and cost and return of hybrid cotton seed production”, with major objectives as to study the cost and returns in hybrid cotton seed production and to study the labour use pattern in hybrid cotton seed production in the study area and to suggest appropriate remedial measures. For this study multistage sampling method as well as snow ball technique was adopted to select districts based on highest area and 60 hybrid cotton seed growers. The per acre total labour utilised for the production of hybrid cotton seed was 2075.73 labour days. The per acre total cost incurred for hybrid cotton seed (cost C) stood at ₹ 1,78,204. Cost of production per quintal over the total cost (cost C) was ₹ 20,965 per quintal. Returns per rupee of expenditure results revealed that HCSG obtained ₹ 1.77 returns per rupee of expenditure. Overall, these findings underscore the potential benefits of hybrid seed production in terms of both net returns, overall type of costs and rate of return per rupee of expenditure, despite the higher initial cost.
Constraints Faced by the Farmers in Production and Marketing of Cauliflower in Haryana, India
Authors: Pareek Jyoti , Girdhar Amita , Kumar Mohit , Goyal Nitin
Published: April 2024

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) is one of the most important remunerative vegetable crops grown on commercial scale in India. It is widely grown across India and is a popular vegetable among the people. It is known for its white, tender head or curd, which is used in curries, soups, and for pickling. Cauliflower is a crucial winter vegetable grown in India. A survey was conducted among a group of cauliflower growers to understand the challenges they encounter during cauliflower production and marketing. The objective of the study was to identify the production and marketing constraints faced by the cauliflower growers. Panipat and Sonipat districts were purposively selected due to their significant cauliflower cultivation areas in the state. A total of 200 cauliflower growers were conveniently chosen to gather the necessary data. In Panipat and Sonipat district, the study revealed that the major constraints in cauliflower production included the high cost of cauliflower seeds, expensive fertilizers, labour scarcity during peak periods, and other similar challenges. In terms of cauliflower marketing, respondents reported multiple constraints such as high transportation costs, numerous intermediaries in the marketing process, price fluctuations, lack of awareness about the Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojana (BBY) and its complex procedures, and the higher margins of middlemen. To address these constraints, it is recommended to establish sufficient storage facilities that enable producers to distribute their sales throughout the year. Efforts should be made to ensure the availability of quality seeds and protect producers from experiencing low prices during peak seasons.
Comparision of Consumer Preferences in Regards to Food Retail Formats in Tirupati City, India
Authors: Reddy M. Vasanthakrishna , Lalitha A. , Purnima K.S. , Umar S.K. Nafeez , Ramulu M. Venkata
Published: April 2024

This study conducted in the year 2023 aimed to compare consumer preferences for various food retail formats in Tirupati city, focusing on organized and unorganized sectors, and to identify factors influencing their choices. A representative sample of 120 consumers was selected using simple random sampling, and primary data was collected through personal interviews. The findings revealed that 73.33 percent of the consumers in showed a moderate perception of both organized (62.50%) and unorganized (73.33%) food retail formats. Kirana stores (unorganized) and supermarkets (organized) were the preferred choices for purchasing food and groceries. The reasons for preferring organized retail formats included a wide range of products and better        product presentation, while unorganized retail formats were favoured for more bargaining opportunities and locally sourced products. Income levels were found to influence retail format choices, with lower-income groups more likely to shop at unorganized formats. The SWOT   analysis indicated that organized stores benefit from a wide range of products but face competition from unorganized formats and online platforms, while, unorganized stores build strong                 customer relationships but struggle with limited product variety and changing consumer preferences.
Nutritional Composition, Utilization, and Processing of Haricot Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu Kefale , Hassan Shamsedin Mahdi , Ateye Mahamed Dol
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the nutritional composition, utilization, and processing techniques of haricot beans, also known as common beans or kidney beans. Beginning with an examination of the significance of legumes, particularly in addressing protein deficiencies in underdeveloped and developing regions, the review highlights the pivotal role of haricot beans in Ethiopia's food security and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The nutritional analysis covers essential components such as protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates, alongside discussions on functional properties and anti-nutritional factors. Furthermore, it explores the incorporation of haricot beans into traditional cuisines and their associated health benefits, including mitigating risks of diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Moreover, the review evaluates various processing methods, including soaking, germination, dehulling, and autoclaving, elucidating their impacts on the nutritional profile and anti-nutritional factors of haricot beans. In conclusion, this review underscores the nutritional significance and versatility of haricot beans, underscoring their role as a sustainable food source with substantial health benefits.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Irvingia wombolu Seeds on Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats
Authors: Uba Joy O. , Ezim Ogechukwu E.
Published: April 2024

The effect of aqueous extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds on lipid profile and atherogenic indices in hyperlipidemic wistar rats was evaluated. Forty five (45) wistar rats were grouped into five groups of nine rats each. The animals were allowed seven days acclimatization period. Group one was the control group and it received normal rat chow and water throughout the study. Groups 2 to 5 were given high fat diet for 14 days after which they were fed with normal rat chow till the end of the study. At the end of the 14 days, group 2 was not treated while group 3-5 were treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Irvingia wombolu seed respectively for 28 days. The lipid profile of animals was assayed three times: first after 14 days induction period (phase 1) i.e day 0 of treatment, second was taken 14 days after treatment (phase 2), third was taken 28 days after treatment (phase 3).The study lasted for 49 days and distilled water was used as a vehicle for the extract.In phase 1, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in HDL (high density lipoprotein) level in all groups (2-5) compared to the control.there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in LDL ( low density lipoprotein), Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), Non HDL, Cardic risk factor, Atherogenic coefficient, Atherogenic index of plasma levels in all groups (2-5) compared to the control. All doses of aqueous extract of Irvingia wombolu seed were able to increase HDL level and decrease other lipid profile parameters and atherogenic indices in hyperlipidemic rats. Thus, aqueous extract of Irvingia wombolu seed has antidyslipidemic potential.
Nanotechnology-based Sensors for Real-time Monitoring and Assessment of Soil Health and Quality: A Review
Authors: Parameswari Puspa , Belagalla Ningaraj , Singh Bal Veer , Abhishek GJ , Rajesh GM , Katiyar Drishty , Hazarika Bidisha , Paul Shantonu
Published: April 2024

Soil health and quality are critical factors in maintaining sustainable agriculture, ecosystem stability, and global food security. Conventional methods for assessing soil properties are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lack real-time monitoring capabilities. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to develop advanced sensors for rapid, in-situ, and continuous monitoring of soil health parameters. This comprehensive review discusses the recent advancements in nanotechnology-based sensors for soil health assessment, their working principles, applications, challenges, and future prospects. We highlight the potential of various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots, in fabricating highly sensitive, selective, and robust soil sensors. The integration of these nanosensors with wireless communication technologies and data analytics enables real-time monitoring and precision agriculture practices. Furthermore, we discuss the environmental and ecological implications of deploying nanosensors in soil and the need for standardized protocols and regulations. This review provides valuable insights into the current state-of-the-art and future directions of nanotechnology-based sensors for soil health monitoring, promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) in Patients of Cryptogenic Stroke AND Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A Real World Experience
Authors: Hakeem Muzzafar Mohi-Ud-Din , Rehman Nadeem U , H.M Madhukar , Setty H.S Natraj
Published: April 2024

Background: Stroke, a leading cause of brain tissue damage, presents a significant health concern globally. Cryptogenic stroke (CS), with an unclear origin, poses diagnostic challenges, with the patent foramen ovale (PFO) implicated in some cases. This study aims to investigate PFO prevalence in North India among patients with cryptogenic stroke, addressing current research gaps.

Objective: To assess PFO occurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) using Echocardiography.

Methods & Results: This preliminary study analyzed PFO prevalence in patients with CS and TIA from February 2020 to November 2021, involving 25 participants. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were employed. Key findings include a mean age of 44.80±9.13 years, 64% men, and 36% women. Ischemic stroke accounted for 72% of cases, while TIA represented 28%. PFO prevalence was 44%, with no significant gender-PFO association. No correlations were found between stroke type and PFO presence, nor were comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes observed.

Conclusion: The study highlights a clinically significant distribution of PFO presence but no notable association between stroke type and PFO presence. These findings contribute to understanding PFO's role in cryptogenic stroke and have implications for clinical practice.
Vasospastic Angina: The Journey to Understanding and Easy Management
Authors: Mulendele P. M , Bettar M.S , Njie M. , Charfo M.B , Ovaga B.E , Bouziane M. , Haboub M. , Arous S. , Benouna M.G , Drighil A. , Habbal R.
Published: April 2024

Vasospastic angina (VSA), initially described by Prinzmetal as a form of angina occurring at rest, in the second part of the night and associated with transient changes in repolarization such as ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. The phenomenon of coronary spasm can occur in patients with or without coronary atherosclerosis. It can be focal or diffuse in one or more epicardial arteries. Its incidence is unknown and highly dependent on the population studied, with higher rates in Asian populations. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been put forward to explain its occurrence, in particular endothelial dysfunction and hyperreactivity of smooth muscle cells related to damage to Rhokinase. Increased sympathetic nerve activity at night has shown to be involved in the mechanism underlying multivessel coronary spasm and predisposing genetic factors. Diagnosis can be easily establish using Coronary Artery Vasospastic Disorders Summit diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina; adapted from Beltrame et al. VSA is one of the main aetiologies of MINOCA as stipulated in the last guidelines of ESC on ACS. Management of vasospastic angina is well codified based on lifestyle changes, established pharmacological therapies, control of risk factors, avoidance of triggering factors and possibly the use of percutaneous coronary intervention in cases of associated obstructive coronary artery disease, or an automatic implantable defibrillator.
Green Approaches to Mosquito Control: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Madhuri Burjikindi , Bharghavi Kolli , Maharaj Satwika , Supriya Koosari , Priyanka Neeli , S. S Monica
Published: April 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases pose significant health risks to humans and animals worldwide. Traditional methods of mosquito control often rely heavily on chemical pesticides, which not only harm the environment but also lead to the development of pesticide-resistant mosquito populations. In response to these challenges, there has been a growing interest in exploring eco-friendly approaches to mosquito control. This review paper aims to examine various green strategies for combating mosquitoes, focusing on their effectiveness, environmental impact, and feasibility for large-scale implementation and discuss methods such as biological control using natural predators and pathogens, habitat modification, utilization of botanical repellents, genetic manipulation of mosquito populations, and community-based interferences. Additionally, highlight the importance of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that combine multiple tactics for sustainable mosquito control. By exploring these alternative methods, this review provides insights into promoting environmentally responsible practices while effectively managing mosquito populations and reducing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Its Attributed Traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Sreevandana Katta , Jana Jagadish Chandra
Published: April 2024

The genotypes of brinjal were assessed for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of growth and yield characters. The present investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2021 in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the traits among the genotypes. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for the traits such as fruit weight (99.24 % and 99.27 %), number of fruits per plant (57.33 % and 57.58 %), fruit size index (54.80 % and 54.83 %), fruit length (36.54 % and 36.82 %), fruit circumference (32.16 % and 32.46 %) and fruit yield per hectare (27.26 % and 27.42 %) indicating the existence of wider variability among the genotypes for different characters. High heritability in broad sense along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was found in suggesting that these traits can be improved through direct selection due to the existence of additive gene action.
Influence of Microbial Enriched Organic Manures with Inorganic Nutrients on the Physiological Attributes and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Cathrine J Christina , Manuel R Isaac , Augustine R . , TCK Sugitha , Sharmili K .
Published: April 2024

The present investigation was conducted to study the integrated use of microbial enriched organic manures with inorganic fertilizers on the physiological attributes of chickpea in the School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications, during the late rabi season of 2023. The outcome of the study delineates the substantial efficacy of treatment T5 (100% N: P2O5: K2O + Microbial enriched vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1) and T4 (100% N: P2O5: K2O + Microbial enriched FYM @12.5 t ha-1) in significantly augmenting the physiological growth and development of chickpea crop, resulting in an improved yield of 12.76 q ha-1 and 12.59 q ha-1 respectively.
A Mechanistic Action of Salicylic acid on Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidative Potential, and Growth Pattern of Amaranthus hybridus
Authors: Kumar Arun , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Singh Anita
Published: April 2024

This study has been conducted to investigate the effects of salicylic acid application on the growth and biomass of Amaranthus hybridus. The crop was grown in pots during July-August 2023, under natural weather conditions in the botanical garden of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Different doses of SA (0.69 ppm – 13.8 ppm) was sprayed on the shoot of the plants. Compared to the control group, SA application at 0.69 ppm, 1.38 ppm, and 2.76 ppm showed increased growth and yield of the plants. SA applied at 1.38 ppm concentration, particularly, gave maximum increments in the length and biomass of the crop. SA application reduced the formation of oxidative stress markers (H2O2, SOR, MDA) by increasing the activities of antioxidants like SOD, POD, APX, total phenol, and proline. Salicylic acid treatment also increased the nutritive value of the crop by increasing the level of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and protein, while reduced the levels of oxalic acid. The photosynthetic efficiency of the PSII was strengthened better with 1.38 ppm SA application by increasing chlorophyll content, allocation of absorbed light energy to drive the photochemical process, and quenching of the heat energy. The metabolic profiling via UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS revealed increase in the number and proportion of secondary metabolites belonging to phenolic, alkaloids, terpenoid, flavonoids, betalains, and coumarins group by 240%, 127%, 37%, 182%, 83%, and 90% respectively.  Hence, 1.38 ppm of SA has been considered as the suitable dose for spraying on Amaranthus hybridus for increased growth and biomass.
A Comparative Biochemical Study of Mulberry (Morus spp.) Mini Clones Over Conventional Stem Cuttings
Authors: Bharathi B. Karthick Mani , S. Susikaran , S. Vijay , V. Vasanth , S. Ranjith Kumar , E. Arasa Kumar , T. Parthiban K.
Published: April 2024

The mulberry (Morus spp.) plant holds significant value in the sericulture industry, as its foliage serves as a vital source of food for the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). A research study was undertaken to figure out which mulberry variety V1 and MR2 propagated both by stem cuttings and apical cuttings was best performed locally. The investigation was based on biochemical composition including leaf moisture, moisture retention capacity, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, soluble protein, total carbohydrates, crude protein, total sugar content present in mulberry leaves. The nutritional status of different mulberry varieties is determined by its biochemical composition present. The findings showed that the mulberry mini-clones 60DAP-AC (V1) and 60DAP-AC (MR2) have registered enhanced nutritional parameters than 90DAP-SC (V1) and 90DAP-SC (MR2) and were therefore best suited for raising silkworms to obtain good cocoon parameters.
Transforming Agriculture through Artificial Intelligence: Advancements in Plant Disease Detection, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Sahoo Lipikant , Mohapatra Deepali , Raghuvanshi Himendra Raj , Kumar Sonal , Kaur Ravinder , Anshika . , Sapna . , Chawla Ritik , Afreen Nadiya
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary tool in agriculture, particularly in the realm of plant disease detection. This article provides an overview of AI-powered plant disease detection methods, their applications, and the limitations associated with their implementation. By leveraging AI, farmers can enhance crop management practices, optimize resource utilization, and mitigate yield losses caused by plant diseases. However, challenges such as data scarcity, model interpretability, and deployment in resource-constrained environments remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Addressing these limitations is crucial for maximizing the potential of AI in revolutionizing agriculture and ensuring global food security. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal tool in modernizing agriculture, particularly in the domain of plant disease detection. This article presents a comprehensive examination of AI-driven methodologies for plant disease detection, exploring their applications and inherent limitations. Through the utilization of machine learning and computer vision techniques, AI facilitates early disease identification, precision agriculture, disease surveillance, and decision support systems. Despite these transformative capabilities, challenges such as inadequate data availability, model interpretability, and implementation in resource-constrained settings impede widespread adoption. Addressing these obstacles is imperative for fully harnessing the potential of AI in agricultural innovation, thereby safeguarding global food security and sustainability.
Selection Index in Rainfed Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Patil Krantikumar  H. , Rani C. Lekha
Published: April 2024

The present investigation was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during the period from May, 2014 to July, 2016. Twenty diverse rice genotypes were screened for drought tolerance.  Screening was carried out in the target environment i. e. upland virippu. Morphological characters of the genotypes were studied.  A selection index was developed for identifying the best six parents combining yield and drought tolerance. Twenty upland rice genotypes were assessed for study of genetic variability and construction of selection indices for enhancing selection efficiency. The indices were worked out on the basis of yield and eight component characters viz., panicle length, number of spikelets panicle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1, grain weight panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, straw yield plant-1, harvest index and biological yield plant-1 having high significant genotypic correlation with grain yield.  Among the twenty genotypes Vaishak ranked first with the highest index value followed by Thottacheera, Kalladiaryan, Vyttila 6, Harsha and Swarnaprabha. The varieties with least index value were Uma, Aathira and Kanchana. The highest index value showing first six parents were considered for hybridization program for the development of drought tolerant variety.
Computerized Assessment of Readiness (Focos/Prontos System) and Its Multifactor Screening for Worker’s Fatigue and Productivity: A Case-Control and Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paulo Marcela Souza Lima , Cabral Hebert Wilson Santos , Kill Jade , Me Wallysson Francis Soares, , Medeiros Elisa Smith Barbiero , Jesus Thais Costa , Lemos Alexandre
Published: April 2024

We present here a brief review of what has been published about fatigue, highlighting its multifactorial nature and the lack of objective markers that make it difficult to establish a consensus on measurement methods and present the Computerized Evaluation of Work Readiness (FOCOS/Prontos System), aiming to assess the correlation between the computerized assessment performance and signs of fatigue, using the Chalder instrument. The study applied the Chalder Fatigue Scale to 552 employees of a Brazilian mining company, with a final sample consisting of 334 individuals divided into a 'clinical group' (G1) with signs of fatigue and a 'control group' (G0) without fatigue. The study aimed to analyze readiness profiles between the clinical and control groups using statistical tests like the Mann-Whitney U-test and Welch's t-test, with significance set at p-value <0.05. Results showed significant differences in daily readiness, cognitive impacts, and risky behaviors before and after self-reporting fatigue. The Prontos System demonstrated predictive value for fatigue-related risks and accident prevention measures, highlighting its role in enhancing workplace safety and productivity. The study highlights the importance of daily and continuous fatigue assessment using the FOCOS/Prontos System to track signs of fatigue, as well as productivity. The system's multidimensional approach enriches fatigue prediction and classification accuracy. Integrating instruments enhances fatigue management, allowing for proactive intervention based on temporal analysis of readiness parameters and behaviors associated with fatigue. The study emphasizes the complexity of fatigue and its correlation with accidents, advocating for ongoing monitoring as a preventive and performance optimization strategy, thus promoting a safer and healthier work environment.
Understanding Global Commodity Price Shocks on Exchange Rates and Inflation in Emerging Economies: ARDL Perspective
Authors: Boateng Seth Acquah , Karikari Frank Agyemang , Fumey Michael Provide , Asmah Emmanuel Ekow , Winful Stephen Antwi
Published: April 2024

Aims: To analyze the changing relationship between commodity prices (cocoa, diesel, gold, oil, petrol) and macroeconomic factors (exchange rate and inflation) in Ghana and differentiate between long-term and short-term effects.

Study Design: Quantitative Design with Time series analysis using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique.

Methodology: The study utilized cointegration and Error Correction Model in econometric estimation. Time series data for commodity prices and macroeconomic factors were collected for the period 2003M01 to 2023M10. The ARDL technique was applied to differentiate between long-term and short-term effects of inflation and exchange rates.

Results: The short-run and long-run results indicate a positive relationship between commodity prices and inflation and exchange rates. A 1% increase in diesel prices is associated with a 0.23% appreciation in Ghana's currency in the short run (p=0.019) and a 1.76% rise in inflation in the long run (p=0.012). Past inflation has a dominant influence on current inflation, with a 1 percentage point increase in the previous year's inflation leading to a 0.45 percentage point increase in the current inflation rate.

Conclusion:  Policymakers should prioritize stabilizing diesel prices, invest in storage facilities, promote alternative energy sources, strengthen domestic production and distribution of essential commodities, and adopt targeted monetary and fiscal policies to anchor inflationary expectations and address inflation inertia in Ghana.
Biodiversity and Foraging Behaviour of Major Insect Pollinators on Some Fruit Crops
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Mall Pramod
Published: April 2024

Beekeeping entirely depends on the types of flowering plants available in any given area. The honey bees (Apis species) have a major role and are considered widely as pollinating agents. The present study was conducted at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to find out the biodiversity and foraging behaviour of major insect pollinators on some fruit crops. The honey bees (Apis species) have major role and considered widely as pollinating agents. In most of the crops we largely seek for honey bees and depend on them for pollination services.
Isolated Case Presentation on Phacolytic Uveitis
Authors: Hazil Z. , Krichen A. , Tebay N. , Hasnaoui I. , Hassina S. , Akannour Y. , Seghini L. , Hajji Z. , Ouazzani B. , Abdallah E.
Published: April 2024

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Isolated Case Presentation on Phacolytic Uveitis”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Clinical Insights into Bardet-biedl Syndrome and Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Case Report
Authors: Hazil Z. , Tebay N. , Hasnaoui I. , Krichen A. , Akannour Y. , Serghini L. , Hajji Z. , Ouazzani B. , . E.abdellah.
Published: April 2024

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by learning impairments, obesity, post-axial polydactyly, retinal dystrophy, and hypogonadism. Numerous related minor characteristics are crucial for the clinical management of BBS and can aid in the diagnosing process. In 80% of patients, sequencing known disease-causing genes can confirm the diagnosis, which is based on clinical symptoms. BBS genes encode proteins involved in cilia biogenesis and function that localize to the basal body and cilia. Defective cilia resulting from mutations partially explain the pleiotropic effects seen in BBS. We report the case of a 23-year-old patient referred to the nephrology department for progressive bilateral visual acuity loss.
Determinants of Access to Financial Services among Adults in Tanzania: The Evidence from FinScope Tanzania Survey (2017)
Authors: Kilamlya Jacob , Mhina Juma Almasi , Mpanduji Franklin
Published: April 2024

There is low financial inclusion across developing countries, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Tanzania. Almost three quarter of the SSA citizens don’t hold any form of account with a formal financial institution. East African countries have poor access to financial services especially the highly populated rural areas. The study examined the determinants of access to financial inclusion among adults in Tanzania. The study used a longitudinal research design to access data collected from 9459 respondents who were selected from the FinScope Tanzania 2017 which were   weighted by NBS. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and Binary Logistic Model as inferential statistics with aid of STATA version 16. The study was able to find out that individual savings as a key determinant to financial inclusion was relatively low this being due to income gap, education and access to technology. Most of the respondents were willing to save but many-faced constraints to save. finally, the determinants of access to financial services in Tanzania among adults was identified to be age, education level and income. The study concluded that financial inclusion (access to financial services) among adults in Tanzania was mainly determined by age, education and income. Therefore, the effort should be made by the government to stimulate technological adoption so as to enhance variety of service delivery mechanism and provide financial knowledge to the society to inform people to make proper decisions regarding their financial well-being.
Characterization of superfine down powder
Authors: Xu Weilin , Wang Xin , Cui Weigang , Peng Xuqiang , Li Wenbin , Liu Xin
Published: November 2008

Superfine down powder was produced from down fiber after it was cut into short pieces and ground on a purpose‐built machine. Scanning electron microscopy photographs showed that the down fiber was ground into particles with some fiber fragments and a large amount of rod‐shaped ultrafine powder. Particle size distribution analysis indicated that the average size of the down powder was 1.546 μm. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the absorbing peaks around 1640, 1520, and 1230 cm−1 were sharper than those of the down fiber. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallinity of the superfine down powder was a little lower than that of the down fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability decreased when the down fiber was ground into powder. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the intensity of the heat‐absorbing peaks of the down powder was lower than that of the down fiber, so the down powder decomposed more readily than the down fiber. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
How the monomer concentration of polymerization influences various properties of polybenzimidazole: A case study with poly(4,4′‐diphenylether‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole)
Authors: Sannigrahi Arindam , Ghosh Sandip , Lalnuntluanga Joseph , Jana Tushar
Published: November 2008

In this work, a series of poly(4,4′‐diphenylether‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole)s (OPBIs) were synthesized from 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid) and 3,3′,4,4′‐tetraaminobiphenyl through the variation of the initial monomer concentration with a solution polycondensation technique in a poly(phosphoric acid) medium. The resulting polymers were characterized by various techniques such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis. The initial monomer concentration in the polymerization mixture played an important role in controlling the molecular weight of the resulting polymers. A temperature‐dependent IR study showed that the free movement of the NH group of the imidazole ring was blocked by the absorbed moisture. The DMA study showed that the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) varied with the molecular weight, and the presence of the ether linkage in the OPBI polymer backbone had a significant influence on Tg. A high‐molecular‐weight OPBI polymer tended to form a supramolecular organization, which influenced the thermal characteristic of the polymer. Photophysical studies demonstrated the fluorescent characteristics of the OPBI polymers in both solid and solution states. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The importance of exposure to human material in anatomical education: A philosophical perspective
Authors: Gillingwater Thomas H.
Published: November 2008

Despite reductions in the importance, time committed to, and status of anatomical education in modern medical curricula, anatomical knowledge remains a cornerstone of medicine and related professions. Anatomists are therefore presented with the challenge of delivering required levels of core anatomical knowledge in a reduced time‐frame and with fewer resources. One common response to this problem is to reduce the time available for students to interact with human specimens (either via dissection or handling of prosected material). In some curricula, these sessions are replaced with didactic or problem‐based approaches focussed on transmitting core anatomical concepts. Here, I propose that the adoption of philosophical principles concerning the relationship and differences between “direct experience” and “concept” provides a strong case in support of requiring students to gain significant exposure to human material. These insights support the hypothesis that direct experience of human material is required for “deep,” rather than “superficial,” understanding of anatomy. Anat Sci Ed 1:264–266, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.