bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture
Authors: Piekarczyk Jan
Published: January 2015

With increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.
Regional development and regional policy in
the Czech Republic after 1989
Authors: Wokoun René , Viturka Milan
Published: January 2015

The major aim of the paper is to summarize the main paths of regional
development in the Czech Republic during the period of political, economical and societal
transition using the statistical data and own survey at the country level. Following this
summary, we aim at differentiation of regional developmental paths at individual hierarchical
levels. Our analyses shows that structured assessment of quality of socio-economic
environment at the regional respectively meso-regional level provides the necessary
information needed for creation and implementation of effectively decentralized regional policy.
Impacts of Measuring and Numerical Errors in Lsm Adjustment of Local Geodetic Network / Vplyvy Meračských A Výpočtových Chýb V Mnš Vyrovnaní Lokálnej Geodetickej Siete
Authors: Gašincová Silvia , Kneţo Dušan , Mixtaj Ladislav , Harman Peter
Published: January 2015

The Local Geodetic Network (LGN) adjustment is affected by various errors, whether arisen from measuring or calculating works. The measuring errors occurred in the consistent LGS measuring can be detected by control calculations in dL using redundant measurements. The numerical errors may be detected, or the accuracy of the formulas used can be verified by control calculations in a configuration matrix A and control relations, which should show zero values.
Use Of The Method Of Net Present Value In Bankruptcy Proceedings Of Industrial Enterprises / Využití Metody Čistá Současná Hodnota V Insolvenčním Řízení Průmyslových Podniků
Authors: Sternadelová Michaela
Published: January 2015

One of the possible solutions to the debtor's bankruptcy provided by the Insolvency Act is to use the institute of reorganization. According to the Insolvency Act the reorganization is defined as the gradual satisfaction of creditors' claims, while preserving the debtor's business. The permission of reorganization of the debtor's business is subject to the preparation of a reorganization plan describing all measures to be taken, in order to reorganize the debtor's business.

The article deals with the processing and quantification of measures to reorganize the business operations. It analyses the data recorded on found out investment costs, operating costs and revenues, using net present value methods, the profitability index and payback period to assess the proposed project. It assesses, whether the revenues from the proposed investment are sufficient, and ensure adequate satisfaction of the creditors.
Evaluation Of Externalities In The Long-Time Influenced Mining Area In Orlová - Poruba / Oceňování Externalit V Území Dlouhodobě Ovlivněném Dobýváním Uhlí V Lokalitě Orlová - Poruba
Authors: Polanská Jana , Lacková Eva , Stalmachová Barbara
Published: January 2015

The article analyses the basic issues of procedural methods for evaluating the environment affected by the exploitation of mineral resources. The paper deals with the area, which was affected by black coal extraction already in the last century and is located in the area of Orlová-Poruba. Tthe first part explicates the basic concepts of landscape restoration issues, views of the methods of assessment and evaluation of the environment and related negative and positive externalities incurred. Another part of this paper assesses the affected area using the so-called Hessian method. Finally, we assess possible solutions of the evaluation of mostly positive externalities ocurred under the conditions in the Czech Republic and the desirability of the proposed new methodology for environmental assessment, including possible solutions.
Controlling Claims and Liabilities and its Use for Identification of Bankruptcy /
Authors: Sternadelová Michaela
Published: January 2015

The article deals with controlling claims and liabilities, explains the concepts and principles used in practice. It also puts forward how the company's claims can be monitored according to time perspective as well as selected indicators of financial analysis. Following the example of a selected company in bankruptcy it shows how to apply methods for monitoring claims while tracking the structure of corporate liabilities. By analysing the balance sheet and notes to the financial statements the company's bankruptcy is identified.
Agricultural Residues from Pyrolysis and their application in Flotation / Zemědělské Odpady Po Pyrolýze A Jejich Aplikace Ve Flotaci
Authors: Fečko Peter , Zima Jaroslav , Wittlingerová Zdeňka
Published: January 2015

Abstrakt

The paper deals with verification of floatability of a classical collector Montanol 551 and pyrolysis oils that were formed through pyrolysis of agricultural residues from basic industry and used in the flotation of black coal. The results imply that it is possible to produce collectors also from waste agricultural products, which may be applicable in the flotation of black coal.
Comparison of Costs of Rehabilitation Works on Central Mine Waste Bank of Jan Šverma Mine in Žacléř / Srovnání Nákladů Vynaložených Na Dokončení Rekultivačních Prací Centrálního Odvalu Dolu Jan Šverma V Žacléři V Jednotlivých Letech
Authors: Krčmarská Lucie , Růčková Hana , Černá Kristýna , Dorazil Václav
Published: January 2015

This article pays particular attention to the evaluation of costs associated with the rehabilitation of the Central Mine Waste Bank of the Jan Šverma Mine in individual years. It mentions briefly the present state of the Central Mine Waste Bank and describes in short the works performed so far on the mine waste bank. Furthermore, the article describes specific types of rehabilitation; the description of partial operations is provided as well. The above-mentioned costs are quantified in a tabular summary for the years 2008 - 2011. These works were ordered by the Ministry of Industry and Trade through the state enterprise Fuel Combine Ústí nad Labem, which had absorbed the former state enterprise East Bohemian Coal Mines in Trutnov [1]
Contribution to a Magnetite Consumption in the Karviná Mine's Preparation Plant of the Lazy Plant / Příspěvek Ke Spotřebě Magnetitu Na Úpravně Dolu Karviná, Závodu Lazy
Authors: Pavlík Radim , Řepka Vlastimil
Published: January 2015

In its introduction, this contribution deals with the usage of magnetite during the process of coal separation in the Karviná Mine's preparation plant of the Lazy Plant. Next it deals with the evaluation of quality of magnetite used in the preparation plant, losses of magnetite adhering to the products leaving the preparation plant, the recovery of a diluted suspension with focus on the efficiency of magnetite separation of the diluted suspension and the comparison of the magnetite consumption with the one in the ČSM preparation plant. In conclusions, the article presents options leading to the reduction of the magnetite consumption in the Karviná Mine's preparation plant of the Lazy plant. For comparison, the data of the ČSM Mine is stated here.
Creating Model for Technological Process of Inertisation / Modelování Technologického Procesu Inertizace
Authors: Otte Lukáš , Vančura Vladislav , Danel Roman , Řepka Michal
Published: January 2015

Underground coal mine environment is an environment with dynamic manifestations of methane. In this environment it is quite difficult to control various technological processes occurring therein. The technological process of collapse preventing inertisation is carried out by supply of compressed nitrogen to areas at risk of spontaneous combustion of coal. Petri nets allow the modelling of parallel dynamic systems and systems with discrete time. In conjunction with the software HPSim or WinPeSim, the individual processes can be modelled and then the results processed using a spreadsheet (Excel). Based on the results of the performed simulations, it is then much easier to determine the optimal solution or decision
Expansion of Local Geodetic Point Field and Its Quality / Rozšírenie Lokálneho Geodetického Bodového Poľa A Jeho Kvalita
Authors: Sabová Janka , Pukanská Katarína
Published: January 2015

In the development of geodetic solutions and fulfilment of the requirements and needs for completion of construction tasks and achievement of aims, we are often faced with the requirement for expansion of space or higher concentration of points in a particular local point field. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of appropriate completion of the area in question with new geodetic points of the required quality, i.e. with the acceptable 3D accuracy in terms of their comprehensive use for construction and control purposes. The present paper gives a brief outline of establishing new additional geodetic points and ensuring their quality to be compatible with the quality of the existing points in this area so that the use of both groups of points in the respective local point field was homogenous.
Modelling the Uncertainty of Slope Estimation from a Lidar-Derived Dem: a Case Study from a Large-Scale Area in the Czech Republic / Modelovanie Neistoty Vo Výpočte Sklonov Z Lidarových Dmr; Prípadová Štúdia Vybraného Malého Územia V Čr
Authors: Mudron Ivan , Podhoranyi Michal , Cirbus Juraj , Devečka Branislav , Bakay Ladislav
Published: January 2015

This paper summarizes the methods and results of error modelling and propagation analyses in the Olše and Stonávka confluence area. In terrain analyses, the outputs of the aforementioned analysis are always a function of input. Two approaches according to the input data were used to generate field elevation errors which subsequently entered the error propagation analysis. The main goal solved in this research was to show the importance of input data in slope estimation and to estimate the elevation error propagation as well as to identify DEM errors and their consequences. Dependencies were investigated as well to achieve a better prediction of slope errors. Four different digital elevation model (DEM) resolutions (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 meters) were examined with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) rating up to 0.317 meters (10 m DEM). They all originated from a LIDAR survey. In the analyses, a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation was performed with 250 iterations. The article focuses on the error propagation in a large-scale area using high quality input DEM and Monte Carlo methods. The DEM uncertainty (RMSE) was obtained by sampling and ground research (RTK GPS) and from subtraction of two DEMs. According to empirical error distribution a semivariogram was used to model spatially autocorrelated uncertainty in elevation. The second procedure modelled the uncertainty without autocorrelation using a random N(0,RMSE) error generator. Statistical summaries were drawn to investigate the expected hypothesis. As expected, the error in slopes increases with the increasing vertical error in the input DEM. According to similar studies the use of different DEM input data, high quality LIDAR input data decreases the output uncertainty. Errors modelled without spatial autocorrelation do not result in a greater variance in the resulting slope error. In this case, although the slope error results (comparing random uncorrelated and empirical autocorrelated error fields) did not show any statistical significant difference, the input elevation error pattern was not normally distributed and therefore the random error generator realization is not a suitable interpretation of the true state of elevation errors. The normal distribution was rejected because of the high kurtosis and extreme values (outliners). On the other hand, it can show an important insight into the expected elevation and slope errors. Geology does not influence the slope error in the study area.
Filling Mixtures and Legislative Aspects of their Application for the Disposal of Mine Workings / Základkové Směsi A Legislativní Aspekty Jejich Používání Pro Likvidaci Důlních Děl
Authors: Orlíková Alena
Published: January 2015

The paper deals with the legislative aspects of the use of filling mixtures during the remediation of mining activities. The enterprises, carrying out the disposal of mine workings, buy filling mixtures within public procurement and need the quality of the products to be guaranteed. The requirements laid down in the technical guidelines for the certification of specified construction products raise doubts about the safety of products in terms of hygiene, protection of health and the environment. Currently, legislative development is underway in this area, striving for the implementation of the REACH Regulation into technical guidelines and thus to achieve the filling mixture to be produced and used in a safe manner.
Changes in the Balance Performance of Polish Recreational Skiers after Seven Days of Alpine Skiing
Authors: Wojtyczek Beata , Pasławska Małgorzata , Raschner Christian
Published: January 2015

Alpine skiing is one of the most popular leisure time winter sporting activities. Skiing imposes high requirements concerning physical fitness, particularly regarding balance abilities. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in balance performance of recreational skiers after a seven-day ski camp. A total of 78 students - 24 women and 54 men - participated in the study. The ski course was held in accordance with the official program of the Polish Ski Federation. The study sample was comprised of 43 beginners and 35 intermediate skiers. All students were tested with the MFT S3-Check, the day before and the day after the ski camp. The test system consisted of an unstable uniaxial platform, with an integrated sensor and corresponding software. Changes in balance performance (sensory and stability index) were evaluated using paired t-tests. Additionally, changes in sensory and stability categories, which were based on the norm data, were analyzed. Female and male participants showed significantly better sensory and stability indices after skiing. Considerable changes from weak or very weak to average or good balance categories could be seen after skiing for both sexes. Regarding skiing experience, both beginners and intermediate skiers improved their sensory and stability indices significantly after skiing. Hence, recreational alpine skiing resulted in better balance performance regardless of sex or skiing experience. Skiing as an outdoor activity offers the opportunity to improve balance performance with a positive impact on everyday life activities.
Impact of Center-of-Mass Acceleration on the Performance of Ultramarathon Runners
Authors: Lin Shun-Ping , Sung Wen-Hsu , Kuo Fon-Chu , Kuo Terry B.J. , Chen Jin-Jong
Published: January 2015

Ultramarathon races are rapidly gaining popularity in several countries, raising interest for the improvement of training programs. The aim of this study was to use a triaxial accelerometer to compare the three-dimensional centerof- mass accelerations of two groups of ultramarathon runners with distinct performances during different running speeds and distances. Ten runners who participated in the 12-h Taipei International Ultramarathon Race underwent laboratory treadmill testing one month later. They were divided into an elite group (EG; n = 5) and a sub-elite group (SG; n = 5). The triaxial center-of-mass acceleration recorded during a level-surface progressive intensity running protocol (3, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 km/h; 5 min each) was used for correlation analyses with running distance during the ultramarathon. The EG showed negative correlations between mediolateral (ML) acceleration (r = −0.83 to −0.93, p < 0.05), and between anterior-posterior (AP) acceleration and running distance (r = −0.8953 to −0.9653, p < 0.05), but not for vertical control of the center of mass. This study suggests that runners reduce stride length to minimize mediolateral sway and the effects of braking on the trunk; moreover, cadence must be increased to reduce braking effects and enhance impetus. Consequently, the competition level of ultramarathons can be elevated.
Effect of Selective Muscle Training Using Visual Emg Biofeedback on Infraspinatus and Posterior Deltoid
Authors: Lim One-bin , Kim Jeong-ah , Song Si-jeong , Cynn Heon-seock , Yi Chung-hwi
Published: January 2015

We investigated the effects of visual electromyography (EMG) biofeedback during side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise on the EMG amplitude for the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and infraspinatus/posterior deltoid EMG activity ratio. Thirty-one asymptomatic subjects were included. Subjects performed side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise with and without visual EMG biofeedback. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the posterior deltoid and infraspinatus muscles. The visual EMG biofeedback applied the pre-established threshold to prevent excessive posterior deltoid muscle contraction. A paired t-test was used to determine the significance of the measurements between without vs. with visual EMG biofeedback. Posterior deltoid activity significantly decreased while infraspinatus activity and the infraspinatus/posterior activity ratio significantly increased during side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise with visual EMG biofeedback. This suggests that using visual EMG biofeedback during shoulder external rotation exercise is a clinically effective training method for reducing posterior deltoid activity and increasing infraspinatus activity.
The Effects of Sprint Interval vs. Continuous Endurance Training on Physiological and Metabolic Adaptations in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: Nalcakan Gulbin Rudarli
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on selected anthropometric, aerobic, and anaerobic performance indices as well as the blood lipid profile, inflammatory and muscle damage markers in healthy young males. Fifteen recreationally active male volunteers (age: 21.7 ±2.2 years, body mass: 83.0 ±8.0 kg, body height: 1.82 ±0.05 m) were divided into two groups according to their initial VO2max levels. Training programs were conducted 3 times per week for 7 weeks. The SIT program consisted of 4-6 Wingate anaerobic sprints with a 4.5 min recovery, while CET consisted of 30-50 min cycling at 60% VO2max. Biochemical, anthropometric and fitness assessments were performed both pre and post-intervention. Significant improvements in VO2max, anaerobic power and capacity, and VO2 utilization during the submaximal workout and significant decreases in body fat and in waist circumference after the intervention occurred in both SIT and CET groups. Significantly greater gross efficiency was measured in the CET group. No differences in the lipid profile or serum levels of inflammatory, myocardial and skeletal muscle damage markers were observed after the training period. The study results agree with the effectiveness of a 30 s all-out training program with a reduced time commitment for anthropometric, aerobic and anaerobic adaptation and eliminate doubts about its safety as a model.
Changes in Energy Cost and Total External Work of Muscles in Elite Race Walkers Walking at Different Speeds
Authors: Chwała Wiesław , Klimek Andrzej , Mirek Wacław
Published: January 2015

The aim of the study was to assess energy cost and total external work (total energy) depending on the speed of race walking. Another objective was to determine the contribution of external work to total energy cost of walking at technical, threshold and racing speed in elite competitive race walkers.

The study involved 12 competitive race walkers aged

years with 6 to 20 years of experience, who achieved a national or international sports level. Their aerobic endurance was determined by means of a direct method involving an incremental exercise test on the treadmill.

The participants performed three tests walking each time with one of the three speeds according to the same protocol: an 8-minute walk with at steady speed was followed by a recovery phase until the oxygen debt was repaid. To measure exercise energy cost, an indirect method based on the volume of oxygen uptake was employed. The gait of the participants was recorded using the 3D Vicon opto-electronic motion capture system.

Values of changes in potential energy and total kinetic energy in a gate cycle were determined based on vertical displacements of the centre of mass. Changes in mechanical energy amounted to the value of total external work of muscles needed to accelerate and lift the centre of mass during a normalised gait cycle.

The values of average energy cost and of total external work standardised to body mass and distance covered calculated for technical speed, threshold and racing speeds turned out to be statistically significant

.

The total energy cost ranged from 51.2 kJ.m-1 during walking at technical speed to 78.3 kJ.m-1 during walking at a racing speed. Regardless of the type of speed, the total external work of muscles accounted for around 25% of total energy cost in race walking. Total external work mainly increased because of changes in the resultant kinetic energy of the centre of mass movement.
Comparison of Achilles Tendon Loading Between Male and Female Recreational Runners
Authors: Andrew Greenhalgh , Jonathan Sinclair
Published: January 2015

Recreational running is an activity with multiple reported health benefits for both sexes, however, chronic injuries caused by excessive and/or repetitive loading of the Achilles tendon are common. Males have been identified as being at an increased risk of suffering an injury to the Achilles tendon and as such, knowledge of differences in loading between the sexes may provide further information to better understand why this is the case. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether gender differences in the Achilles tendon load exist in recreational runners. Fifteen male (age 26.74 ± 5.52 years, body height 1.80 ± 0.11 m and body mass 74.22 ± 7.27 kg) and fifteen female (age 25.13 ± 6.39 years, body height 1.68 ± 0.12 m and body mass 67.12 ± 9.11 kg) recreational runners volunteered to take part in the current investigation. Participants completed 10 trials running at 4.0 m·s-1 ±5% striking a force platform (1000 Hz) with their right foot. Ankle joint kinematics were synchronously recorded (250 Hz) using an optoelectric motion capture system. Ankle joint kinetics were computed using Newton-Euler inverse-dynamics. Net external ankle joint moments were then calculated. To estimate Achilles tendon kinetics the plantarflexion moment calculated was divided by an estimated Achilles tendon moment arm of 0.05 m. Differences in Achilles tendon kinetics were examined using independent sample t-tests (p<0.05). The results indicate that males were associated with significantly (p<0.05) greater Achilles tendon loads than females. The findings from this study support the notion that male recreational runners may be at greater risk of Achilles tendon pathology.
Predicting Power Output of Upper Body using the OMNI-RES Scale
Authors: Bautista Iker J. , Chirosa Ignacio J. , Tamayo Ignacio Martín , González Andrés , Robinson Joseph E. , Chirosa Luis J. , Robertson Robert J.
Published: January 2015

The main aim of this study was to determine the optimal training zone for maximum power output. This was to be achieved through estimating mean bar velocity of the concentric phase of a bench press using a prediction equation. The values for the prediction equation would be obtained using OMNI-RES scale values of different loads of the bench press exercise. Sixty males (

voluntarily participated in the study and were tested using an incremental protocol on a Smith machine to determine one repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press exercise. A linear regression analysis produced a strong correlation (r = -0.94) between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mean bar velocity (Velmean). The Pearson correlation analysis between real power output (PotReal) and estimated power (PotEst) showed a strong correlation coefficient of r = 0.77, significant at a level of p = 0.01. Therefore, the OMNI-RES scale can be used to predict Velmean in the bench press exercise to control the intensity of the exercise. The positive relationship between PotReal and PotEst allowed for the identification of a maximum power-training zone.
Quantification and Analysis of Offensive Situations in Different Formats of Sided Games In Soccer
Authors: Garcia Jorge Diaz-Cidoncha , Refoyo Román Ignacio , Calleja-González Julio , Dellal Alexandre
Published: January 2015

There has been a lot of research that enabled soccer to improve: its technique, tactics and strategy through analysis and training. Nevertheless, players’ need to interact with each other turns any defending or attacking situation into complex solutions with a wide range of variables to be considered, in which the player is never isolated and must make the move that has the most positive impact on play. Fifty-four sided games played in three different formats (5v5, 7v7 and 9v9) and with two age groups (U9 and U14) were filmed at three soccer clubs in Spain in order to identify the most relevant attacking moves, from a technical and tactical perspective. This study used the observational method; it is descriptive and is applied through well-prepared systematic quantitative observation in a natural environment. A key part of the method involved viewing the match recordings and logging moves that had been categorised beforehand. Cohen’s Kappa analysis showed that the results for the most representative variables presented a substantial degree of concordance (0.61-0.80). The results show that there were significant variations depending on the game format, and the following study will present a description and analysis of the aspects that had considerable influence on attacking moves in different formats of sided games (5v5, 7v7 and 9v9). The study also presents various practical applications for the area of training and analysing both youth and professional soccer.
Models of Objects of Control in SCADA System for Monitoring and Operational Dispatching in Sofia Metropolitan
Authors: Dimitrova Emiliya
Published: January 2015

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems (SCADA) are often used in some important industry sectors, such as production and distribution of electricity, transport management, etc. The purpose of this paper is to establish models of SCADA system, DISIM that is incorporated into the Central Dispatching Station of Sofia Metropolitan. Its functions are related to remote visualization and management of the structures and devices in both directions - Trains operation (DISIM-V) and Power transmission system (DISIM-Å). The suggested structural models and mathematical description are used as a basis for realization of a simulator of both SCADA systems
Pulse Shape Discrimination of Neutrons and Gamma Rays Using Kohonen Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tambouratzis Tatiana , Chernikova Dina , Pzsit Imre
Published: January 2015

The potential of two Kohonen artificial neural networks I ANNs) - linear vector quantisa - tion (LVQ) and the self organising map (SOM) - is explored for pulse shape discrimination (PSD), i.e. for distinguishing between neutrons (n's) and gamma rays (γ’s). The effect that la) the energy level, and lb) the relative- of the training and lest sets, have on iden- tification accuracy is also evaluated on the given PSD datasel The two Kohonen ANNs demonstrate compfcmentary discrimination ability on the training and test sets: while the LVQ is consistently mote accurate on classifying the training set. the SOM exhibits higher n/γ identification rales when classifying new paltms regardless of the proportion of training and test set patterns at the different energy levels: the average tint: for decision making equals ∼100 /e in the cax of the LVQ and ∼450 μs in the case of the SOM.
Integrated Statistical and Rule-Mining Techniques for Dna Methylation and Gene Expression Data Analysis
Authors: Mallik Saurav , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Maulik Ujjwal
Published: January 2015

For determination of the relationships among significant gene markers, statistical analysis and association rule mining are considered as very useful protocols. The first protocol identifies the significant differentially expressed/methylated gene markers, whereas the second one produces the interesting relationships among them across different types of samples or conditions. In this article, statistical tests and association rule mining based approaches have been used on gene expression and DNA methylation datasets for the prediction of different classes of samples (viz., Uterine Leiomyoma/class-formersmoker and uterine myometrium/class-neversmoker). A novel rule-based classifier is proposed for this purpose. Depending on sixteen different rule-interestingness measures, we have utilized a Genetic Algorithm based rank aggregation technique on the association rules which are generated from the training set of data by Apriori association rule mining algorithm. After determining the ranks of the rules, we have conducted a majority voting technique on each test point to estimate its class-label through weighted-sum method. We have run this classifier on the combined dataset using 4-fold cross-validations, and thereafter a comparative performance analysis has been made with other popular rulebased classifiers. Finally, the status of some important gene markers has been identified through the frequency analysis in the evolved rules for the two class-labels individually to formulate the interesting associations among them.
Maximising Accuracy and Efficiency of Traffic Accident Prediction Combining Information Mining with Computational Intelligence Approaches and Decision Trees
Authors: Tambouratzis Tatiana , Souliou Dora , Chalikias Miltiadis , Gregoriades Andreas
Published: January 2015

The development of universal methodologies for the accurate, efficient, and timely prediction of traffic accident location and severity constitutes a crucial endeavour. In this piece of research, the best combinations of salient accident-related parameters and accurate accident severity prediction models are determined for the 2005 accident dataset brought together by the Republic of Cyprus Police. The optimal methodology involves: (a) information mining in the form of feature selection of the accident parameters that maximise prediction accuracy (implemented via scatter search), followed by feature extraction (implemented via principal component analysis) and selection of the minimal number of components that contain the salient information of the original parameters, which combined bring about an overall 74.42% reduction in the dataset dimensionality; (b) accident severity prediction via probabilistic neural networks and random forests, both of which independently accomplish over 96% correct prediction and a balanced proportion of under- and over-estimations of accident severity. An explanation of the superiority of the optimal combinations of parameters and models is given, as is a comparison with existing accident classification/prediction approaches
Aircraft Engine Crankshaft Optimisation
Authors: Vopařil Jan , Drápal Lubomír , Novotný Pavel
Published: January 2015

Shrnutí

Tento článek popisuje část návrhového procesu klikové hřídele vznětového dvoudobého motoru s protiběžnými písty, při níž je pro zadané průměry a délky čepů hledán optimální tvar ramen hřídele. Je zde popsán postup vzniku několika variant, které jsou následně podrobeny kritickému zhodnocení, a dále mechanismus výběru výsledného nejlepšího možného návrhu.

Výsledný tvar klikové hřídele je v poslední fázi podroben výpočtu únavové životnosti, jakožto finálního kroku návrhového procesu.
Mathematical Model of the Emissions of a selected vehicle
Authors: Matušů Radim , Mík Josef , Kotek Martin
Published: January 2015

SHRNUTÍ

Článek se zabývá kvantifikací emisí z benzínových motorů během dynamických režimů. Hlavními sledovanými emisemi jsou oxid uhelnatý a oxid uhličitý. Výsledkem je matematický model popisující produkci jednotlivých složek emisí ve všech režimech (statických i dynamických). Článek popisuje také postup pro stanovení emisí z provozních parametrů motoru. Výsledky jsou porovnání s jinými možnými způsoby zjištění produkce emisí.
Update of the P100-1 Concrete Provisions
Authors: Popa Viorel
Published: January 2015

In an effort to improve the harmonization of the Romanian design codes with the Eurocodes, the revision of the Seismic Design Code, P100-1, started in April 2010 and ended in September 2013. The main issues addressed during the revision process are presented in this paper. They include re-outlining the fundamental requirements for seismic design, revision of the seismic action, improvement of the specific provisions for the design of reinforced concrete, steel, composite, wood and masonry structures and non-structural components. This paper focuses on the specific provisions for reinforced concrete structures but general information about the fundamental requirements and the seismic action are presented as well.
Thermal Comfort Analyses in Naturally Ventilated Buildings
Authors: Udrea Ioana , Croitoru Cristiana , Nastase Ilinca , Dogeanu Angel , Badescu Viorel
Published: January 2015

Global current requirement is to increase thermal comfort in residential and non residential buildings. A field survey was accomplished in a naturally ventilated university classroom in Bucharest, Romania, in winter and spring. Comfort parameters were measured and comfort questionnaires were distributed to the students. Questions were related to thermal sensation of the occupants. This paper compares the experimental results with the occupant’s response. It analyzes the variation of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percent of Dissatisfied (PPD) with temperature. It is made a comparison between PMV and thermal sensation vote. The results show PMV values different from Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) values which means there is a poor approximation of indoor comfort. In conclusion the comfort parameters should be reviewed and should be proposed other evaluation methods. Possible explanations are discussed in relation with thermal regime of the buildings.
Identification characters of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae)
Authors: Podsiadło Elżbieta
Published: January 2015

The 3rd-instar female and adult female of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS) are redescribed and illustrated. Identification characters of the 1st-instar, 2nd-instar male, 2nd-instar female, 3rd-instar female and adult female of K. quercus are discussed. A key to the identification of instars is included.
Biochemical characterisation of α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase in the alimentary canal of larval Leptinotarsa decemlineata SAY, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Kazzazi Majid , Dehghanikhah Fahimeh , Madadi Hossein , Hossseininaveh Vahid
Published: January 2015

Host plant resistance is an environmentally safe method used for reducing a pest population. Basically, when developing resistant cultivars one needs to study the biochemical characteristics of the digestive enzymes in the insect’s midgut. In this study, the activities of α- and β-glucosidase were determined from Leptinotarsa decemlineata midgut using p-nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as substrates respectively. The results showed that the specific activity of α- and β-glucosidase from 4th instar larvae midguts of L. decemlineata were 5.14 and 5.48 Umg-1 protein respectively. The activity of α-glucosidase was optimal at pH 4, whereas the maximum activity of β-glucosidase in the midgut of L. decemlineata occurred at pH 4-5.5. Both enzymes were stable at pH 3-8 over an incubation time of 8 hours. The respective activities of α- and β-glucosidase were at their highest at 45 °C and 50 °C, but they were not stable at 50 °C during an incubation time of 8 days. Furthermore, our data showed that MgCl2, Tris and urea have a moderate but SDS a severe inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. Biochemical characterisation revealed one and three bands of α- and β-glucosidase activities in the midgut of L. decemlineata respectively.
Participation of some protein fractions in interactions between Acrobasis advenella (ZINCKEN, 1818) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and its host plants
Authors: Górska-Drabik Edyta
Published: January 2015

The present study determined the impact of Acrobasis advenella caterpillars feeding on the content of total proteins, specific proteins and soluble proteins in the inflorescences of three host plant species: Aronia melanocarpa, Sorbus aucuparia and Crataegus monogyna. The study demonstrated that the feeding of A. advenella caterpillars increases the total, specific and soluble protein contents in the inflorescences of these three plants. Significant increases in the content of these compounds were observed in the infested inflorescences of black chokeberry.
The Making of the Gdańsk Metropolitan Region. Local Discourses of Identities, Powers, and Hopes
Authors: Czepczyński Mariusz
Published: January 2015

The process of metropolitanisation of the Gdańsk area is facilitated by public discourse involving local and regional politicians, media, and inhabitants. The discussion is based upon historical narrations, but also local ambitions, hopes and emotions, as well as infrastructural projects and investment attractiveness. Foucault suggests that modern power is a dispersed set of micro-practices, many of which operate through the normalising gaze of surveillance regimes. Gdańsk metropolitan cooperation, competition and encounters make the core of the paper; local and regional unifying initiatives and processes are accompanied by examples of separatism, identity conflicts, and political disagreements
Determinants of the Quality of Life in the Communes of the Poznań Agglomeration: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Mizgajski Andrzej , Walaszek Marzena , Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: January 2015

Since the 1990s, large urban agglomerations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have shown highly dynamic functional and spatial changes resulting from the transformation of their political systems. The aim of this study is to present differences in social, economic and environmental living conditions among the communes of a single agglomeration. This, in turn, allows a discussion, in the first place, of local factors, assuming that national and regional conditions in a given area are uniform. The study focused on the agglomeration of Poznań, which consists of the city of Poznań and 17 surrounding communes (Polish: gmina) forming the district, or ‘poviat’ (Polish: powiat) of Poznań. The analysis of variations in living conditions uses a set of nine indicators reflecting the local level of development in social, economic and environmental terms. The results lead to the conclusion that the development of urbanisation processes in suburban areas over the past 20 years has had a significant share in improving the living conditions of their inhabitants. In some communes they are, in fact, better than in the central city of Poznań
Modernisation of Public Buildings in Polish Towns and the Concept of Sustainable Building
Authors: Chodkowska-Miszczuk Justyna , Szymańska Daniela
Published: January 2015

This article aims to identify the scale of energy efficiency improvements in public buildings in Polish towns as representative of sustainable building. The study area is investigated from the perspective of challenges arising from the current policy in the EU. The article indicates that, given the age of public buildings in Poland, the best way to implement the concept of sustainable building is to improve their present stock. The modernisation of public buildings is discussed in terms of project location, project value, sources of funding (including EU funds), and the use of buildings undergoing modernisation. According to the research findings, the implementation of the sustainable building concept is determined by both, exogenous factors (EU directives and domestic laws, etc.) and endogenous ones (e.g. human resources and their quality)
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in breast cancer - correlation with traditional prognostic factors
Authors: Lampelj Maja , Arko Darja , Cas-Sikosek Nina , Kavalar Rajko , Ravnik Maja , Jezersek-Novakovic Barbara , Dobnik Sarah , Dovnik Nina Fokter , Takac Iztok
Published: January 2015

Background. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) play a key role in tumour invasion and metastasis. High levels of both proteolytic enzymes are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between traditional prognostic factors and uPA and PAI-1 expression in primary tumour of breast cancer patients.

Patients and methods. 606 primary breast cancer patients were enrolled in the prospective study in the Department of gynaecological oncology and breast oncology at the University Medical Centre Maribor between the years 2004 and 2010. We evaluated the traditional prognostic factors (age, menopausal status, tumour size, pathohistological type, histologic grade, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion and hormone receptor status), together with uPA and PAI-1. We used Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann Whitney U test and χ2 test for statistical analysis.

Results. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between uPA and tumour size (p < 0.001), grade (p < 0.001), histological type (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.01) and a negative correlation between uPA and hormone receptor status (p < 0.001). They also indicate a positive correlation between PAI-1 and tumour size (p = 0.004), grade (p < 0.001), pathohistological type (p < 0.001) and negative correlation between PAI-1 and hormone receptor status (p = 0.002).

Conclusions. Our study showed a relationship between uPA and PAI-1 and traditional prognostic factors. Their role as prognostic and predictive factors remains to be further evaluated.
Aggressive or conservative management in extradural hematomas in children – a challenging neurosurgical choice
Authors: Tascu A. , Pascal C. , Iencean St.M. , Gorgan M.R.
Published: January 2015

epidural hematomas (EDH) in children appear as a consequence of head trauma. Although emergency surgical intervention was the classical neurosurgical treatment for EDH, lately there has been observed a tendency to replace operation by conservative management, whenever the neurological status and imaging appearance allows it. The aim of this article is to present our experience in treating EDH in children 0-3 years old and to establish a management protocol for EDH in infants, by evaluating the clinical and neuroimaging status, of both surgically and conservatively treated patients, from hospital admission to discharge. Retrospective study includes 52 patients diagnosed with an extradural hematoma, admitted in the First Neurosurgery Department of the Clinical Hospital ‘Bagdasar-Arseni’ in Bucharest, from January 2004 to December 2013. The patients were identified by diagnosis from the clinic’s database; clinical and imaging data was extracted from the patient’s individual records and crosschecked with the operating protocols. Cerebral CT scan was the preferred imaging investigation for diagnosis. Our study includes 52 patients (26 boys and 26 girls), with a mean age of 14.5 months (range 6 weeks - 3 years old). 25 patients were surgically treated, while the other 27 received symptomatic medication and were monitored clinically and by imaging exams. The most frequent clinical manifestations were intracranial hypertension (21 patients) and psychomotor agitation (19 patients). The traumatic mechanisms were: accidental falling (38 patients), blunt head trauma (3 patients), road accident (2 patients), unspecified (8 patients) other causes (1 patient). Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale classification of TBI, 39 patients suffered a mild TBI, 7 a moderate TBI and 6 patients suffered a severe TBI. Most of the patients had a good recovery; there was a total of two deaths. The most common location for the EDHs was parietal (20 patients) and temporal-parietal (11 patients). Both surgical treatment and conservative management of EDH have a good clinical outcome. Clinical and neuroimaging evaluation at admission/reevaluation plays an imperative role in deciding the appropriate therapeutic attitude for each patient.
Topical vancomycine and bacterial culture from intervertebral herniated disc prevent postoperative osteodiscitis
Authors: Adam Danil , Papacocea Toma , Hornea Ioana , Moisescu Cristiana
Published: January 2015

Osteodiscitis represents a serious complication of lumbar disc herniation operations. The treatment of osteodiscitis is controversial and expensive to society. It extends over a period of several months from diagnosis. Reducing postoperative osteodiscitis by using simple measures may limit patient's suffering and reduce costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early diagnosis of bacterial infections of the intervertebral disc by isolating germs located in the herniated disc fragment and topical Vancomycine powder application, along with the conventional anti-infective therapy. Medical files of patients who were operated on for lumbar disc herniations during 01.01.2013 - 30.06.2014 were reviewed. The diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation was established based on the clinical evaluation, confirmed by MRI results. The surgical intervention was performed by mini-open approach: fenestration and foraminotomy completed with removal of the herniated disc fragment and disc remnants from the intervertebral space. A group of 162 patients (group A) received conventional therapy for prevention of post-operative infections with 2 doses of cephalosporin. In the second group of 137 patients (group B), after the removal of the herniated disc fragments, 1g of Vancomycine powder was topically applied and the disc fragments were bacteriologically analyzed. They received the conventional treatment of preventing post-operative infections with cephalosprin - 2 doses. The two groups of patients were similar in terms of demographic characteristics: age, sex, operative level. Out of the 162 patients of group A, one patient developed postoperative osteodiscitis and was treated for 3 months with antibiotics. Regarding patients in group B, in four cases Staphylococcus was isolated from the disc fragments. Postoperative treatment for these patients with prolonged antibiotic therapy over the standard period avoided the developement of the clinical picture of osteodiscitis. Postoperative osteodiscitis requires prolonged antibiotherapy. By using simple measures, like topical Vancomycine powder application and early isolation of germs from the herniated intervertebral disc, followed by the immediate establishment of appropriate antibiotic treatment, this serious complication is avoided.