bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Linkages among Educational Service Quality, Attachment, and Satisfaction
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Wang Sae-Rom , Lee Jeong-Eun
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Along with rapid demographic decline, university student population is steadily declining and universities arestarting to experience student shortage nowadays. It is not only important for universities to attract as many newstudents as possible to their school but also to retain the students that are currently enrolled. Despite its importance,little is known about how universities can stay competitive in keeping their student enrollment rate consistent. Students’ attachment level towards their university and their satisfaction level with the service offered by the schoolare some of the factors that are important in improving students’ evaluation of the service received by students. Moreover, it is critical to understand the antecedents to these outcomes to devise strategies in maximizing students’attachment and satisfaction level. Based on this background, this research intends to understand the role of universitystudents’ perceived educational service quality of the service provided by the school they are current enrolled inshaping their attachment level towards the school and their satisfaction level. Moreover, the influence of attachmentlevel on students’ satisfaction level will be examined.
Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative approach was applied to address the research objective ofthis study. Questionnaires were distributed to students currently enrolled in the College of Commerce and Economicsof D university in Busan. A total of 228 questionnaires were returned and 211 questionnaires were used for analysis. SPSS and AMOS statistical packages were used for analysis to test the hypothesized model.
Results: The findings of this research can be summarized as the following. First, out of the educational service qualitydimensions, instruction, educational program, and administrative service qualities positively influence students’satisfaction level. Second, the quality of instruction and educational program positively affect students’ attachmentlevel towards the university. Last, students’ attachment level positively impacts their satisfaction level.
Implications: This research attempted to understand the influence of students’ perceived educational service quality ofthe university they are enrolled in determining their attachment and their satisfaction level. The results of this studysuggest that universities should pay attention to enhancing the quality of the services offered to students to staycompetitive and to recognize the importance of students’ attachment level in shaping their satisfaction level regardingthe service provided by the university.
The Effect of the Perceived Justice of the Performance-Based Annual Salary System on Organizational Effectiveness
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Kim Seong-Chul , Cha Dae-Kyu
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the influence of organizational justice in the relationship betweenperformance based annual salary and organizational effectiveness using 269 usable questionnaires gathered fromemployees who work in Korea.
Research design, data, and methodology: Firstly, exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the validity andreliability of measurement scales. Secondly, Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted todetermine the collinearity problem, further confirm the validity and reliability of constructs and thus test researchhypotheses. Multiple regression analysis and Dummy regression were used to assess the magnitude and direction ofeach independent variable, and vary the mediating variable in the relationship between many independent variablesand two dependent variables.
Results: Mutiple Regression analysis showed two important findings: First, performance based annual salary significantlycorrelated with job satisfaction. Second, linking performance based annual salary to organizational justice significantlycorrelated with organizational effectiveness. Statistically, this result demonstrates that organizational justice does act asa partial mediating variable in the relationship between performance based annual salary and organizational effectivenessin the studied organizations.
Implications: The implications of this study can be divided into three categories: theoretical contribution, robustness ofresearch methodology, and practical contribution. In terms of theoretical contribution, the findings of this studyhighlight three major issues: firstly, Operation of performance based annual salary partially affects “procedural justice”. Secondly, Structure of performance-Based Annual Salary strongly affects “distributive justice”. Thirdly, organizationaljustice(Procedural Justice and Distributive Justice) affect organizational effectiveness. In sum, this study has provided agreat integrated model to understand the influence of perception of organizational justice in performance models ofthe studied organizations.
A Study on the Retirement Pension Portfolio Using Real Estate Indirect Investments in Korea
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Kim Ji-Won , Park Tae-Jin
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study empirically analyzed the portfolio of retirement pension using real estate indirect investments,after identifying the problems through interviews with experts related to retirement pension, improvements wereproposed. Increasing the proportion of real estate indirect investment will be a way to solve the problem of lowreturns on retirement pensions in Korea.
Research design, data, and methodology: In order to conduct the study, first of all, based on Markowitz’s portfoliotheory, the correlation between representative index (benchmark index) by asset and indirect investment products ofreal estate that can be selected in domestic retirement pension was analyzed. After that, Optimal portfolio wasderived by simulating and analyzing the portfolio consisting of representative indices and products.
Results: The correlation analysis was conducted by selecting the representative index of investment assets and theindirect investments of real estate as variables showed that REITs and real estate ETFs distributed the risk ofretirement pension portfolio. And as a result of analyzing the optimal portfolio including K-Top REITs andShinhan-Alpha REITs, the standard deviation was lower and the yield was higher than that of the traditional portfoliothat does not include real estate indirect investments, so both stability and profitability were derived in positiveresults in portfolio that includes real estate indirect investments.
Implications: The proportion of real estate indirect investments in the portfolio of retirement pensions should beincreased. As examined in previous studies at home and abroad and pension fund management, it was found thatthe portfolio including real estate assets has reduced risk and increased profits, and as a result of the analysis ofoptimal portfolio, high-achieving were derived from profitability and stability in the portfolio in which real estateindirect investments were incorporated. Increasing the proportion of real estate indirect investments will be a way tosolve the problem of low returns on retirement pensions in Korea.
The Effect of Choronic Diseases Standardized Patient Simulation Practice on Nursing Students' Anxiety, Self-Efficacy and Determination of Satisfaction
Authors: BAKAN Gülcan , AZAK Arife
Published: September 2022

Giriş: Öğrenme ortamlarının gerçekliği, öğrenme ile gerçek yaşam arasındaki ilişkiyi kurmada etkili bir araçtır. Simülasyona dayalı öğrenme bu gerçekliğin güvenli ve yeterli şekilde taklit edilmesidir. Amaç: Bu araştırma, iç hastalıkları hemşireliği dersi alan öğrencilerin eğitiminde standardize hasta kullanılarak kronik hastalıklara ilişkin hazırlanan simülasyon uygulamalarının kaygı, memnuniyet ve öz yeterlilikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırmanın tipi yarı deneyseldir. 145 öğrenci örneklem grubunu oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada Öğrenci Bilgi Formu, Genel Öz-yeterlilik Ölçeği, Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği, Öğrenci Memnuniyeti ve Öğrenmede Kendine Güven Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler sayı, yüzdelik, Pearson korelasyon testi, bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve tek faktörlü ANOVA testi, ileri analizde Bonferroni testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bölüme isteyerek gelen öğrencilerin durumluk ve sürekli kaygılarının daha düşük, öz yeterliliklerinin ise yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Simülasyon uygulaması sonrası yapılan son testte öğrencilerin öz yeterlilik düzeyi yükselmiş (p=0.003), öz yeterlilik düzeyi arttıkça, kaygı düzeyleri azalmış ve memnuniyet düzeyleri artmıştır (p
Hemşirelik Eğitimi Programındaki Eğiticilerin Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Algı ve Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: EVGİN Derya , SÜMEN Adem , ÖNCEL Selma
Published: September 2022

Giriş: Koronavirüs pandemisi ile birlikte uygulamalı bir program olan hemşirelikte de uzaktan eğitim yaygın şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Amaç: Hemşirelik programı eğiticilerinin koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle mecburi hale gelen uzaktan eğitime yönelik algılarının ve görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinin hemşirelik bölümlerinde görev yapan eğiticiler çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır (N=2164). Kamu üniversitelerinde yer alan hemşirelik programlarında aktif olarak ders veren ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 546 eğitici ile çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında kişisel bilgi formu, Uzaktan Eğitim Algı Ölçeği, Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Özyeterlik Algısı Ölçeği ve Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Yarar Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Eğiticilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik algısı toplam puan ortalamasının 62.73±12.75, alt boyutlarında en yüksek puanın “eğitim öğretimi planlama”, en düşük puanın “temel bakışa ilişkin algı” olduğu; uzaktan eğitime yönelik özyeterlik algısı toplam puan ortalamasının 38.93±6.18, alt boyutlarda “teknoloji yönetiminin” en yüksek, “sanal sınıf yönetiminin” en düşük puanda olduğu; uzaktan eğitimin yararına ilişkin algıda toplam puan ortalamasının 49.95±12.34 olduğu; alt boyutlarda en yüksek puanın “sistemin ekonomikliği”, en düşük puanın “öğrenme ürünlerinin etkililiği” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadınların, 42 yaş ve üzeri olanların, profesör unvanına sahip olanların, uzaktan eğitimle beş ders ve üzeri verenlerin, uzaktan eğitimi senkron ve asenkron olarak yürütenlerin, uzaktan eğitim programından daha önce öğrenci olarak ders alanların, uzaktan eğitimle ilgili ders/kurs/seminer/etkinliklere katılanların uzaktan eğitime ilişkin algılarının daha yüksek olduğusaptanmıştır (p<.05). Sonuç: Eğiticilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik özyeterlilik algılarının yüksek olduğu, yarar algılarının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Eğiticiler yeni eğitim/öğretim yaklaşımlarını tanımaları ve denemeleri konusunda teşvik edilerek yarar algıları arttırılmalıdır.
Kithan's Invasion and Domination of North China in the mid-10th Century
Authors:   Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University, Lee Geun-myung
Published: September 2022

Late Tang Shi Jing-tang called on Kithan to aid after the rebellion.
As a result, Kithan dispatched troops to destroy Late Tang and help Shi Jing-tang to establish Late Jin. Shi Jing-tang gave Yan-yun-shi-liu-zhou to Kithan in return for this support and paid a huge regular payment of property every year.
Shi Jing-tang devoted himself to Kithan's Tai-zong through his reign; the provision of supplies was also faithful. Due to this attitude of Shi Jing-tang, no problems occurred between Kithan and Late Jin during his reign.
However, change occurred in 942 when Shi Jing-tang died. Late Jin refused to call himself a servant to Kithan. Kithan then angered and decided on the policy of the invasion of Late Jin. Kithan began the invasion in 946 and destroyed Late Jin. In 947, Tai-zong of Kithan entered Kaifeng, the capital of Late Jin. Since then, Tai-zong has also tried to stabilize order immediately.
Tai-zong, after stabilizing Kaifeng's situation, performed a ceremony to be crowned emperor. His emperor's ceremony followed thoroughly Chinese conventions. The country's name was also changed to Liao.
Tai-zong hoped to be accepted as a Chinese monarch by the people of North China.
He was directed toward Chinese domination and Chinese monarchy, but lacked understanding of the principles of Chinese administrative organizations, and thus the domination of Liao caused resentment of the people in various places. In this situation, in March 947, Tai-zong of Kithan abandoned direct rule of North China and returned to the north. The withdrawal of Tai-zong was apparently an arbitrage of failures over North China's rule.
Review of the Research History of the Relics Excavated from the Temple Site in Gunsu-ri, Buyeo
Authors:   Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University, Lee Byongho
Published: September 2022

This report attempts to arrange the research history of the major remains and relics excavated from the Temple Site in Gunsu-ri, Buyeo, with a view to promoting inter-academy studies on the results of the excavation of the site, which dates from the Sabi Period of Baekje (538-660).
Chapter II introduces the background to the discovery of the temple site in Gunsu-ri, which was the first such site to be found in Buyeo during the Japanese colonial era, and its investigation process, and then summarizes the report that was published after the excavation and investigation, the academic report published after 1945, and the database material and re-written report on the excavated relics.
Chapter III describes the research results and the issues related to the remains found at the center of the temple, including the main hall and wooden pagoda sites. Regarding the main hall site, this chapter introduces the issues related to a double stylobate, a foundation stone (found between the top and bottom stylobates), and a stylobate made of roof tiles; while, regarding the wooden pagoda, it explains the importance of studying the method of “mounding” the foundation soil, and discusses the presence of a steep road (to transport stones), an underground-style foundation stone (which supported the main pillar), and the method of installing the reliquaries. In addition, it explains which kinds of building remains need to be clarified and compared to other temples in Buyeo.
Chapter IV covers the research results and issues related to the major relics excavated from this site in terms of art history, archaeology, and the history of architecture. In particular, it explains the significance of two Buddhist statues found at the site, namely the Pyrophyllite Stone Seated Buddha and the Gilt-bronze Standing Bodhisattva, in terms of the history of sculpture in Korea; the importance of leaf decoration fragments made of clay; and the importance and issues related to convex roof-tiles and concave roof-tiles in terms of general roof tile studies in ancient East Asia.
The temple site in Gunsu-ri exhibits the typical characteristics of a Buddhist temple that was built during the Sabi period of Baekje, and whose major remains and relics represent the universality of Baekje’s temples.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİNDE EKONOMİK VE SOSYAL YAPININ KURUMSALLAŞMASINA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ERDOĞAN Fatma
Published: September 2022

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde Atatürk Dönemi, 1923-1938 dönemini ifade etmektedir. Bu dönemde, Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndan sonra Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün önderliğinde güçlü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin temelleri atılmaya başlanmıştır. Ekonomik ve sosyal yapının sağlam kurumsal temellere dayanması için çok sayıda politika hayata geçirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ekonomi politikalarının başlıca alt başlıkları, para politikası ve maliye politikası uygulamalarıdır. Sosyal politikaların alt başlıkları ise eğitim, sağlık kent ve kırsal politikalarının uygulanmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Atatürk döneminde söz konusu politika uygulamalarının performansının değerlendirilmesidir.
METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE MODAL PARAMETERS OF PLANETARY REDUCERS OF MINING DUMP TRUCKS MOTOR WHEELS DURING THEIR OPERATIONAL VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS
Authors:   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, ISHIN Nikolay N. , GOMAN Arkadiy M. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, SKOROKHODOV Andrey S. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, SHPORTKO Vladimir V. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, PANOVKO Grigory Ya. ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SHYSHKO Sergei A. ,   OJSC “BELAZ” – Management Company of Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING”, KARPOVICH Peter G. ,   OJSC “BELAZ” – Management Company of Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING”
Published: September 2022

Technical condition diagnostics of the planetary reducers of motor wheels in mining dump trucks electromechanical power units requires the study of dynamic processes caused by shock pulses in gearings when tooth remating. The levels of the occurring vibrations are determined by the natural frequencies and natural modes of reducer. The article describes calculation method based on the study of the developed dynamic model of a two-row planetary reducer of a motor wheel, describing the torsional vibrations of its elements and differing from the known ones by taking into account the compound motion of the planetary row satellites, the axes of which rotate together with the carrier. The calculation of natural frequencies and modes of vibrations is reduced to the computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix of special form based on the application of the iterative numerical method of Jacobi rotations. As an example, the calculation is given for gears of the motor wheel reducer of BELAZ mining dump trucks of the 7530 and 7531 series with a load capacity of 220 and 240 tons, respectively. The calculation of the natural frequencies of reducer performed makes it possible to determine those harmonic components of vibration-inducing disturbances in the form of shock pulses which cause resonance phenomena in the mechanism contributing to a significant increase of dynamic loads levels and accelerating the processes of lifetime expense of gear trains. In addition, the analysis of natural modes parameters makes it possible to determine the reducer elements with the highest vibration activity and monitor during vibration monitoring the technical condition of gear trains that limit the reliability of the mechanism.
VIBRATIONS OF A THREE-LAYER CIRCULAR STEP PLATE UNDER PERIODIC IMPACT
Authors:   Belarusian State University of Transport, LEONENKO Denis V. , MARKOVA Marina V. ,   Belarusian State University of Transport
Published: September 2022

Forced oscillations of a three-layer circular plate with step-variable thickness of the outer layers are analyzed. The deformation of the plate is described with the zig-zag theory. In thin border layers of plate Kirchhoff’s hypotheses are valid. In a relatively thick in thickness medium layer Timoshenko’s hypothesis on the straightness and incompressibility of the deformed normal is fulfilled. The equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s variational principle. A special case of exposure is considered: periodic sequence of strokes with constant intensity. The problem is reduced to finding three required functions in each section, deflection, shear and radial displacement of the median plane of the filler. The solution is presented as a sum of quasi-static and dynamic components of the unknown displacements. Numerical results of the obtained solution are presented. The influence of the impact stress on the oscillatory character is analyzed.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THE PROBLEM OF STRETCHING A MATERIAL WITH ZONES OF ALTERED STRUCTURE
Authors:   Brest State Technical University, VERAMEICHYK Andrei I. , NERODA Mikhail V. ,   Brest State Technical University, KHOLODAR Boris G. ,   Brest State Technical University
Published: September 2022

The article considers computer simulation of tensile tests of a rectangular cross-section rod with zones formed during heat treatment by a moving highly concentrated heat source, the characteristics of which differ from the properties of the base material. Based on the results of finite element modeling, the stress-strain state of a rod with one or more zones of altered structure along its entire length and on part of the length is investigated. The stress concentration coefficients in the vicinity of the treatment zones are determined.
Comparative study between ethanolic and chloroform extracts of mucuna pruriens seeds extract in male wistar rats for the screening of anti-ulcer activity
Authors: Srivastava Kalyani , Amit Kaushik , Srivastava Amit Kishor , Gupta Amresh
Published: September 2022

Background: Well documented neuroprotective profile as well as antioxidant potential of mucuna pruriens seeds with lesser side effects, we are intended to compare study between ethanolic (MPEE) and chloroform extracts (MPCE) of mucuna pruriens seeds extract in albino Wistar rats for the screening of anti-ulcer activity.
 Materials and methods: The pylorus ligation induced ulcer was used to explore the activity of the ethanolic and chloroform extract. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were selected and grouped them among normal control, standard (Omeprazole; 20mg/kg) and treatment groups (MPEE; 50 mg/kg and MPCE; 50 mg/kg) respectively.
Results: In our study, the chloroform and ethanolic extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens showed antiulcer efficacy as evidenced by a considerable decrease in gastric volume, free and total acidities, ulcer index, and pH.  Consequently it might be predicted that both the extracts prevent suppress gastric damage induced by aggressive factors. Preventive anti-oxidants like catalase (CAT) enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) constitute the first line of defense in order to combat reactive oxygen species.  
Conclusion: The ethanolic and chloroform extracts were significantly inhibited the growth of ulcers. Based on the findings, it was determined that the ethanolic extract had superior antiulcer activity over the chloroform extract. In comparison to ulcer control rats, the administration of herbal extract (50 mg/kg p.o.) raised CAT, SOD, and GSH levels, indicating its efficiency in reducing free radical-induced damage. The preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, and tannins in the ethanolic extract, whereas glycosides, sterols, triterpines and tannins in the chloroform extract. The MPEE exhibited a better ulcer protective activity than the MPCE extract.
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Extract Promotes Motility, Microscopic, and Antioxidative Parameters of Ram Semen during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: KAMENİ LEUGOUÉ Serge , ARİUS BAULLAND Dongmo Nguedıa , THOMAS TUMASANG Tebug , FRANCİS DESİRE Bomba Tatsınkou , MEUTCHİEYE Félix , FERDİNAND Ngoula
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the effect of spirulina ethanolic extract (SEE) on the quality of ram semen during low-temperature liquid storage and the relationship between sperm features. Ejaculates were collected from five Djallonké rams, pooled, extended with Tris-egg yolk (TEY) enriched with 0 (control), 20 (SEE20), 40 (SEE40), and 80 µg/mL (SEE80) of SEE to reach the concentration of 200×106 spz/mL, and stored at 4 °C for 72 h. Extended semen samples were assessed for total motility, progressive motility, sperm motion characteristics, viability, membrane integrity, and morphology at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h of storage. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase, (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured at 72 h of storage. The enrichment of TEY with SEE at 40 and 80 µg/mL, improved sperm total motility at 48 and 72 h of storage (P
Tide Sea Water for Power Generator
Authors:   Musamus University Merauke – Indonesia, SAHUPALA PETER
Published: September 2022

Utilization of renewable energy can be a solution to the limitations of fossil energy. Ocean current energy is renewable energy caused by tides. The purpose of this study is to determine a theoretical planning for tidal energy generation in Mereuke-Papua district and to analyze the potential power that can be generated using tidal data in Merauke district. The method used in this study is the Qualitative Method. , which only requires processing the data that is already available. The location for obtaining data related to the problems in this paper is located at the mouth of the Merauke river and data collection at PT. PELINDO Merauke and BMKG Merauke. The calculation results show that the height of the wave is proportional to the amount of power generated. The greater the wave height, the greater the power generated and with a height between 0.70 - 3.25 meters, it produces a power of 94,115.18 - 5,261,198.29 Watt.
Time of Peak Intraocular Pressure during Water Drinking Test and Modified Phasing Among Glaucoma Patients in South-East Nigeria
Authors:   Ophthalmology Department, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu., Eze Gloria C.
Published: September 2022

Background: High intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks and fluctuations which are among the significant risk factors for glaucoma development and progression can be detected through water drinking test (WDT) and phasing. Aim: To determine the time of peak IOP during WDT and modified phasing among primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients on medical treatment at Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane (ESUTTHP), Enugu. Methodology: The study was a hospital based cross sectional study on POAG patients on medical treatment attending the eye clinic of ESUTTHP, Enugu. One hundred and thirty patients were selected by simple random sampling. Their eyes were examined which included visual acuity assessment, follow-up clinic intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy, anterior and posterior segments examination. WDT and modified phasing were carried out on them. WDT was done over 2 hours after intake of 1 liter of water with intraocular pressure measured every 15 minutes. Modified phasing was done over 8 hours with intraocular pressure measured at 2 hourly intervals. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (U.S.A). Results: A total of 130 POAG patients (260 eyes) on medical treatment were examined comprising of 56 males (43.1%) and 74 females (56.9%). Their age ranged between 42 and 83 years with mean age of 62.25 ± 9.002. The peak IOP occurred in 90.2% of patients within the first 1 hour of water drinking test with 23.6% of the eyes having peak IOP at 15 minutes, 24.0% at 30 minutes, 22.9% at 45 minutes, 20.2% of eyes at 60 minutes, 6.6% of eyes at 75 minutes, 2.3% at 90 minutes, 0.0% at 105 minutes and 0.4% at 120 minutes. The peak IOP occurred in two-thirds (74.1%) of eyes within the first 4 hours of commencing modified phasing while 25.8% had their IOP peak after 4 hours with 30.6% of the eyes having peak IOP at onset of the test, 28.2% at 2 hours, 15.3% at 4 hours, 16.1% at 6 hours and 9.7% at 8 hours. Conclusion: WDT may be done over 1 hour instead of 2 hours as a quick clinic test to detect IOP peaks among glaucoma patients on treatment. Some POAG patients also have IOP peaks occurring in the afternoon during modified phasing and such peaks should not be missed in those patient’s management.
Nutrition Can Modify Gut-Brain Axis and Medication Induced Metabolic Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder- A Hypothesis
Authors:   Food and Health group, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Moiniafshari Kimia
Published: September 2022

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is accompanied by several health-related challenges. Nutritional and gastrointestinal problems are common among individuals with ASD. Gut microbiota imbalance may be a reason of nutritional problems including food selectivity and restricted dietary intake. Nutritional problems and gut microbiota imbalance can increase behavioral symptoms which may increase the possibility and necessity for medication. It has been suggested that some medications, may increase the risk of metabolic impairments including glucose homeostasis abnormality, insulin resistance and/or diabetes. In this manuscript, we hypothesized that gut microbiota improvement via probiotic consumption, may improve GI problems and modify behavioral symptoms, which seems to manage medication prescription necessity.
Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide: Insights on Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry Profile
Authors:   Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia, 44519, Egypt, Sebaiy Mahmoud M , Hegazy Karim M
Published: September 2022

Many categories of drugs are used today for hypertension such as captopril which belongs to ACE inhibitors family and hydrochlorothiazide which consider a diuretic drug.In this literature review, we will focus on their pharmacological effect as well as most of the recent reported analytical methods that have been established for their determination in their pure form, combination form with other medications, combined form with its metabolites, and in biological materials.
Diabetic Kidney Disease: State of the Art
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Calvo Christian Perez , Marrugo Michel Perez ,   Physician, University of Magdalena, Santa Martha, Colombia, Ballesteros Emerson Javier García ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Nuñez Ospino Alejandro Alberto ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Ricardo Luis Saray ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Vega Gabriel Padilla ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Jacome Carlos José Brito ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Barrera José María Mejía ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Pasimino Julio Contreras ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Pizarro Jhohanna María Parra ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Libre University, Barranquilla, Colombia, Lozano Felipe Herrera ,   Physician, University of Sinu, Cartagena, Colombia
Published: September 2022

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the microvascular complications with the greatest impact on morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Previously thought to be a linear series of events consisting of ultrafiltration, glomerular hypertension, albuminuria, and successive decreases in GFR, it is now known to be affected by multiple metabolic and hemodynamic pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to cell signaling pathways, oxidative stress, dysregulated autophagy, triggering structural damage and functional alterations leading to disease. There are also recognized risk factors for the disease that trigger pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to its development, such as obesity, smoking, poor metabolic control, arterial hypertension, ethnicity, among others. Although current therapies have not completely halted the development of the disease, current efforts are focused on developing new therapies that can positively influence its onset and progression, with both SGLTi and AR-GLP1 playing a leading role, improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes, independently of their effect on the control of hyperglycemia, which is why they are currently a fundamental pillar of management. Finerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, is another current therapy that has been shown to have an impact on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, playing a complementary role to ACEI and ARB II in the management of albuminuria
Evaluation of Drug Related Problems in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   Pharm D. PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Amena Aidibi , Ama Al-hajje ,   Pharm D. PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Salam Zein ,   Pharm D. PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Sanaa Awada ,   Pharm D. PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Samar Rachidi ,   Pharm D. PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Maya El-Hajj ,   MPH, PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy. Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
Published: September 2022

Objective: Diabetic patients usually have co-morbidities requiring the use of multiple medications, making them more vulnerable in experiencing drug related problems (DRPs) that may affect their quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to asses DRP in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and factors associated with its occurrence and the DRPs that affect QoL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among T2D patients who were attending a tertiary care teaching hospital, Lebanon. The identification and assessment of DRPs were based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe tool version 8.03. The QoL was assessed using Health Related Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory. Results: The total number of DRP was 313 with a mean of 2.05 ± 1.03 per patient. The most common DRPs encountered were adverse drug event (31.3%), untreated symptoms or indication ( 10.54%), effect of drug treatment not optimal (7.34%) and high drug dose (7.34%). Logistic regression showed that polypharmacy and several comorbidities such as stroke, dyslipidemia, heart failure, coronary artery disease, renal and liver impairment were common factors significantly associated with different types of DRPs (p<0.005). The risk of having problems” No effect of drug treatment”,” Effect of drug treatment not optimal” and “Adverse drug event (possibly) occurring” was significantly increased in patients with abnormal HbA1c. The use of sulfonylurea increases the risk of ” Inappropriate duplication of therapeutic group” (p= 0.047). Following a low sugar diet showed to decrease the probability of having problem” Patient uses/takes more drug than prescribed” by 99.99%. On the other hand, insulin administration showed to increase 7.63 times this probability (p=0.006). The average HRQoL was 40 ± 9.900. Linear regression showed that problems “Untreated indication and “Patient uses unnecessary drug” were associated with poor QoL score. Having a medical insurance was found to be associated with better HRQoL scores. Conclusion: Early identification of DRPs and factors associated with them are essential to pre- vent and resolve them in diabetic patients by engaging clinical pharmacist, which may ultimately improve patient’s QoL
A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of Second - Stage Labor Arrest on Postpartum Women’s Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Al Zahraa Hospital University Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rafik Hariri Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, Ghazal Kariman , Yared Georges ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon & Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Rafik Hariri Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Published: September 2022

Background: Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI), has been always linked to normal vaginal delivery (NVD) or operative vaginal delivery (OVD). Many women get concerned about this issue before giving birth and tend to deliver by cesarean delivery. However, the increased frequency of cesarean deliveries poses health concerns especially in the absence of solid risk factors. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study conducted at Rafic Hariri University Hospital (RHUH) between 2011 and 2013. Forty primiparous women undergoing cesarean delivery were involved. They were evenly divided into 2 groups. The first involved those who underwent elective cesarean delivery and those with failure to progress. The second group involved women who underwent cesarean delivery for arrested second stage of labor. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of SUI in group 1 was 25% compared to 35% in group 2. Cesarean delivery was not found to have any protective role against SUI in group 1 patients and the frequency of SUI in selective cesarean patients was nearly the same as those performing cesarean for failure to progress. However, patients undergoing cesarean for arrested second stage of labor > 2hours had a significant higher frequency of SUI as compared to patients undergoing cesarean delivery for arrested second stage of labor < 2hours. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery cannot be proposed to women who fear to suffer from SUI post-partum. However, it should be done if the cervix fully dilated for > 2hours in order to decrease the risk of SUI
Bilateral Tubal Pregnancy Complicated by Rupture of the Left Fallopian Tube
Authors:   Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Imshiria Naima , Katica Vahidin ,   Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Imshiria Lejla ,   Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hodzic Amila Vincevic ,   Institute for Women’s Health and Maternity of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Galijasevic Nedim ,   General Hospital Konjic, Bolnička, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Bilateral ectopic pregnancy is a very rare condition which occurs in 1/725 - 1/1580 ectopic pregnancies, most commonly after induced assisted reproductive techniques. Aim: To present the case of spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy, and the problem of insufficiency of available diagnostic methods, which causes that an accurate diagnosis can mostly be made intraoperatively. Case Report: A 37-year-old female, nulliparous, comes at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of CCUS, complains of intense suprapubic pain, and difficulty urinating. The expected menstruation was absent for more than 2 weeks. The Grav index test was positive. Beta hCG values were 6312 IU/L. On examination, the patient was extremely pale, hypotensive, gave the impression of hemorrhagic shock, and the abdomen was diffusely palpably painful. After emergency TV ultrasound, then ultrasound and CT of the abdomen and small pelvis, which indicate a moderate amount of thicker fluid in the abdomen and small pelvis in terms of hemoperitoneum and with the left contour of the uterus an oval zone most likely to correspond to ectopic pregnancy, an indication for emergency surgery was made. A laparotomy was performed, and partly liquid and partly coagulated blood was found in the abdomen. The left tube in the isthmic part was ruptured with active bleeding. Right Fallopian tube was pathologically changed, livid, with visible suspicious pregnancy in the ampullary part. Bilateral salpingectomy was performed, and samples are sent for PHD analysis that shows the presence of chorionic villi in both tubes. Conclusion: When ectopic pregnancy is suspected, the possibility of bilateral tubal pregnancy should always be kept in mind, especially in cases accompanied by acute pelvic pain with signs of hemorrhagic shock
Sonographic Features in the Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors:   Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Autonomous Mexico State University, Mexico, Mendoza Edgar Allan Villagomez
Published: September 2022

Background: Abnormally invasive placenta is defined as abnormal adhesion to the implantation site, it is a spectrum of abnormal placentation that leads to obstetric hemorrhage, knowledge of risk factors and ultrasound evaluation is what allows antenatal diagnosis allowing transfer to specialized centers, surgical planning, and modifying the maternal outcome, causing a decrease in maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the main ultrasound signs found in patients diagnosed with abnormally invasive placenta. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study, carried out through a bibliographic review in the databases of PubMed, Scholar.google.com, SciELO, MEDLINE, of articles published in English and Spanish between 1992 and 2020. The following methods were used. Keywords Mesh (Medical Subject Headings): placenta accreta; previous placenta; prenatal diagnosis; abnormally invasive placenta; placenta percreta; abnormally attached placenta. Inclusion criteria: case report-type articles that include pregnant patients with placenta accreta, associated risk factors and diagnostic evaluation sections, as well as a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta, whose results were analyzed by analysis of frequency. Results: From the reviewed studies, it was observed that 66.7% of the patients had cesarean section as the predominant uterine surgery, ultrasound findings such as the loss of the hypoechoic zone in 35.7% of the cases; the presence of placental lacunae in 28.6%; myometrial thinning in 16.7%; as well as disruption of the uterus-bladder interface in 7.1%, in 54.8% intraoperative diagnosis was made. Conclusions: Placental accreta is an increasingly frequent pathology, the incessant search for alternatives to reduce maternal death, the ultrasound characterization of the most frequent signs help timely prenatal detection
Respiratory Infections by virus: a review properties
Authors:   Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil, Santos-Filho Sebastião David
Published: September 2022

The understanding of the causes and risk factors of respiratory diseases can go to the early treatments and prevention of the complications that are so prevalent in these pathologies. There are a variety of types of respiratory virus that are capable of respiratory disease begin. Rhinovirus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus and coronavirus are capable of beginning of a common influenza to pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma. One of the important questions in the actual days is to relation the respiratory viral infection with the bronchial hyperresponsiveness? The mechanisms that cause sibilance, the relation between autonomic nervous system and viral infection, the association virus and respiratory diseases and the treatment there is in nowadays are relevant matters. In this work it was pretend to explore explanations about these themes in the scientific literature
The Effect of Covid-19 Astrazeneca Vaccines on Some Coagulation Profile (Pt, Aptt) Among Sudanese Two Dose Vaccinated
Authors:   Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Elrazi University, Sudan, Abdelrhman Amged Hussein , Hosham Ahmed ,   Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Elrazi University, Sudan
Published: September 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most formidable challenge to humanity in a century. It is widely believed that pracademic normalcy will never return until a safe and effective vaccine strategy becomes available and a global vaccination programmed is implemented successfully. Design: This descriptive (case – control) analytical study carried out in Sudanese from June to December 2021 to determine the effect coagulation profile between AstraZeneca vaccinated and non- vaccinated. Materials and Methods: whole blood sample collected in Trisodium Citrate anticoagulant from 500 vaccinated case and 500 control non vaccinated, PPP prepared and the tests was carried out using coagulometer, Objective: This study aimed to evaluate some coagulation profile (PT, APTT and INR) among Sudanese AstraZeneca vaccinated. Results: The result show significant different between case and control in (PT, APTT and INR) and significant different between male and female in (PT, APTT). Conclusion: This study concluded that the statistically significant different in (PT, APTT and INR) between vaccinated.
Achievements of Virus Research
Authors:   Senior Scientist Scientist, Bratislava, Sabinovská, Rajčáni Július
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is a brief survey of the achievements in virology as published mainly in the course of 20th century and therafter until recent time. The author believes that in its beginning the virus research has developed in the framework of microbiology and related biological disciplines such as parasitology, pathology, cytology etc. Virologists have payed attention to many biological disciplenes not only for above mentioned reason, but also because they infect not only mammals, but also lower vertebrates including reptiles and/or many avian species as well as plants. To asses the origin of viruses may not be a simple task, it has been anticipated that they had probably sequestrated from cellular structures and then underwent their evolution.
Canavan Disease: A Case Report
Authors:   4 Emergency Medical Officer, Swacon International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, Rayamajhi Sushil , Sunuwar Neela ,   Emergency Medical Officer, Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital, Kulhudhuffushi, Maldives
Published: September 2022

Canavan disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy associated with hypotonia, megalencephaly, mental retardation, blindness and spasticity. The biochemical deficiency of aspartoacylase (ASPA) causes CD. Deficiency in ASPA, which hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartate, results in NAA building up to high millimolar amounts in the brain. The hallmarks of the disease are loss of oligodendrocytes and spongy myelin degradation in the CNS. However, it is unclear whether the disease’s pathophysiology is caused by the accumulation of NAA, the absence of NAA-derived acetate, or the absence of any unknown roles of the ASPA enzyme. In this Review, we present an important and timely update on the current and emerging aspects of this neurological disease. Following a brief overview of canavan disease, we discuss current knowledge of neurological findings, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, current canavan disease treatment, and gene therapy’s future prospects.