bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting severity in dengue patients - How far have we reached?
Authors: Singh Shashikant , Bansal Taruna , Sharma Neha , Kumar Vijay
Published: July 2024

Background:

Dengue fever (DF) is a viral infection endemic in more than 100 countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially tropical Asia including India, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Dengue evolves with a dynamic course. There is limited knowledge about the predictive biomarkers to assess the severity progression of the disease.

Aim:

To study the clinical, hematological, and biochemical changes at the time of presentation in dengue patients and analyze their utility in discriminating patients with dengue fever from those with dengue hemorrhagic fever, with a brief review of the literature.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of medicine and the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. The study included 101 patients with clinical and serological diagnosis of dengue fever over a period of one month. The patients were allocated into two groups: Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and their clinical features, hematological profile, and biochemical parameters [serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Leucopenia with activated lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia, and increased hematocrit were the most common hematological changes observed in the dengue patients. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were altered in both DF and DHF with more derangement being noted in DHF.

Conclusion:

Patients with both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever presented with similar clinical, hematological, and biochemical changes; however, these changes were more pronounced in the latter. Hence, the laboratory parameters can be used as an adjunct to early diagnosis and also in predicting the severity of dengue.
JWTAMH: JSON Web Tokens Based Authentication Mechanism for HADOOP.
Authors: Gupta Manish , Gupta Anish , Raj S. Britto , Sharma Annu
Published: July 2024

The Hadoop platform has become a widely adopted distributed computing platform for handling large-scale data processing tasks. However, the security of the Hadoop platform has become a major concern due to the increased risk of cyber-attacks. To address this concern, various security mechanisms have been proposed for the Hadoop platform, including authentication and access control. This research paper proposes a token-based authentication mechanism to enhance the security of the Hadoop platform. The proposed mechanism utilizes a combination of Kerberos and JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for secure communication between Hadoop components. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Single point of failure, Guessing attack, Replay Attack, Brute force attack, and Dictionary attack. The proposed model has better performance in terms of average processing time and accuracy of authentication than other models.
Eye Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Models with Transfer Learning Techniques
Authors: R.M. Bhavadharini , Vardhan Kalla Bharath , Nidhish Mandava , Kiran C. Surya , Nahid Shameem Dudekula , Sai Charan Varanasi
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic Retinopathy, Cataract and Glaucoma are the major eye diseases posing significant diagnostic challenges due to their asymptotic nature at their early stages. These diseases if not detected and diagnosed at their early stages may lead to severe visual impairment and even can cause blindness in human beings. Early detection of eye diseases showed an exceptional recovery rate. Traditional diagnostic methods primarily relying on expertise in the field of ophthalmology involve a time-consuming process. With technological advancements in the field of imaging techniques, a large volume of medical images have been created which can be utilized for developing more accurate diagnostic tools in the field. Deep learning (DL) models are playing a significant role in analyzing medical images. DL algorithms can automatically learn the features which indicate eye diseases from eye image datasets. Training DL models, however, requires a significant amount of data and computational resources. To overcome this, we use advanced deep learning algorithms combined with transfer-learning techniques. Leveraging the power of deep learning, we aim to develop sophisticated models that can distinguish different eye diseases in medical image data. OBJECTIVES: To improve the accuracy and efficiency of early detection methods, improve diagnostic precision, and intervene in these challenging ocular conditions in a timely manner. METHODS: The well-known Deep Learning architectures VGG19, InceptionV3 and ResNet50 architectures with transfer learning were evaluated and the results are compared. RESULTS: VGG19, InceptionV3 and ResNet50 architectures with transfer learning achieved 90.33%, 89.8% and 99.94% accuracies, respectively. The precision, recall, and F1 scores for VGG19 were recorded as 79.17%, 79.17%, and 78.21%, while InceptionV3 showed 82.56%, 82.38%, and 82.11% and ResNet50 has 96.28%, 96.2%, and 96.24%. CONCLUSION: The Convolutional Neural Network models VGG19, Inception v3, ResNet50 combined with transfer learning achieve better results than the original Convolutional Neural Network models.
Криптосистема типа Мак-Элиса на $D$-кодах
Authors: Kosolapov Yurii Vladimirovich , Lelyuk Evgeniy Andreevich
Published: July 2024

В работе исследуется криптосистема Мак-Элиса на конструкции $D$-кодов, являющейся обобщением тензорного произведения кодов, которое часто применяется в системах передачи данных для защиты от помех. Проведен анализ стойкости системы Мак-Элиса на $D$-кодах к атакам на ключ и шифрограмму. Именно, построена комбинированная атака, которая в некоторых случаях позволяет с помощью структурного анализа значительно увеличить вероятность успеха атаки на шифрограмму путем декодирования по информационным совокупностям. Разработанный метод анализа применен к $D$-кодам на основе двоичных кодов Рида - Маллера. Для параметров этих $D$-кодов, соответствующих слабым ключам, получена оценка вероятности успеха комбинированной атаки. Для $D$-кодов, соответствующих ключам, гарантированно стойким к этой атаке, приводится сравнение характеристик построенных по ним криптосистем с характеристиками системы $\mathsf{Classic McEliece}$. Показано, что при использовании декодера для $D$-кода, работающего за пределами половины кодового расстояния, размер ключа построенной по нему системы может быть меньше размера ключа системы $\mathsf{Classic McEliece}$ при сопоставимой стойкости.
LSTM model to predict missing data of dissolved oxygen in land‐based aquaculture farm
Authors: Lee Sang‐Yeon , Jeong Deuk‐Young , Choi Jinseo , Jo Seng‐Kyoun , Park Dae‐Heon , Kim Jun‐Gyu
Published: July 2024

A long short‐term memory (LSTM) model is introduced to predict missing datapoints of dissolved oxygen (DO) in an eel (Anguilla japonica) recirculating aquaculture system. Field experiments allow to determine periodic patterns in DO data corresponding to day–night cycles and a DO decrease after feeding. To improve the accuracy of DO prediction by using a training‐to‐test data ratio of 5:1, training with data in sequential and reverse orders is performed and evaluated. The LSTM model used to predict DO levels in the fish tank has an error of approximately 3.25%. The proposed LSTM model trained on DO data has a high applicability and may support water quality control in aquaculture farms.
Adventures in Mainframes, Text-based Messaging, and iXML
Authors: Nordström Ari
Published: July 2024

When pointy brackets still meant SGML, an aerospace working group produced a text-based messaging specification, S2000M Issue 2.1, intended in parts for hardware up to twice its age. While the current version of that specification prescribes XML, the old one, a mystifying mix of compact syntax and semantics, is not about to go away anytime soon, even though the hardware is. Change in the aerospace industry is often driven not by technological breakthroughs but necessity; in this case a trusty old mainframe computer about to be decommissioned and there being no time to move to the 21st century in an orderly fashion.

This, then, is the story of that old text-based format and the necessity of keeping it around by introducing a more modern approach.
From Word to XML via iXML
Authors: Sperberg-McQueen C. M.
Published: July 2024

In a rebooted project to produce a second edition of Michael Alexander’s reference work Trials in the Late Roman Republic, 149 BC to 50 BC, revisions arrive from the editors in Microsoft Word documents. Invisible XML grammars are used to identify and mark up the fields of each trial record, the macrostructure formed by groups of fields, and the microstructure of information units within field values, such as references to ancient authors. For many structures to be identified, an Invisible XML description of the pattern is more compact and easier to understand than the equivalent in XSLT or XQuery; the tradeoff is that processing XML input with invisible XML entails a certain amount of overhead.
HAETAE: Shorter Lattice-Based Fiat-Shamir Signatures
Authors: Cheon Jung Hee , Choe Hyeongmin , Devevey Julien , Güneysu Tim , Hong Dongyeon , Krausz Markus , Land Georg , Möller Marc , Stehlé Damien , Yi MinJune
Published: July 2024

We present HAETAE (Hyperball bimodAl modulE rejecTion signAture schemE), a new lattice-based signature scheme. Like the NIST-selected Dilithium signature scheme, HAETAE is based on the Fiat-Shamir with Aborts paradigm, but our design choices target an improved complexity/compactness compromise that is highly relevant for many space-limited application scenarios. We primarily focus on reducing signature and verification key sizes so that signatures fit into one TCP or UDP datagram while preserving a high level of security against a variety of attacks. As a result, our scheme has signature and verification key sizes up to 39% and 25% smaller, respectively, compared than Dilithium. We provide a portable, constanttime reference implementation together with an optimized implementation using AVX2 instructions and an implementation with reduced stack size for the Cortex-M4. Moreover, we describe how to efficiently protect HAETAE against implementation attacks such as side-channel analysis, making it an attractive candidate for use in IoT and other embedded systems.
Generalized Power Attacks against Crypto Hardware using Long-Range Deep Learning
Authors: Bursztein Elie , Invernizzi Luca , Král Karel , Moghimi Daniel , Picod Jean-Michel , Zhang Marina
Published: July 2024

To make cryptographic processors more resilient against side-channel attacks, engineers have developed various countermeasures. However, the effectiveness of these countermeasures is often uncertain, as it depends on the complex interplay between software and hardware. Assessing a countermeasure’s effectiveness using profiling techniques or machine learning so far requires significant expertise and effort to be adapted to new targets which makes those assessments expensive. We argue that including cost-effective automated attacks will help chip design teams to quickly evaluate their countermeasures during the development phase, paving the way to more secure chips.In this paper, we lay the foundations toward such automated system by proposing GPAM, the first deep-learning system for power side-channel analysis that generalizes across multiple cryptographic algorithms, implementations, and side-channel countermeasures without the need for manual tuning or trace preprocessing. We demonstrate GPAM’s capability by successfully attacking four hardened hardware-accelerated elliptic-curve digital-signature implementations. We showcase GPAM’s ability to generalize across multiple algorithms by attacking a protected AES implementation and achieving comparable performance to state-of-the-art attacks, but without manual trace curation and within a limited budget. We release our data and models as an open-source contribution to allow the community to independently replicate our results and build on them.
1/0 Shades of UC: Photonic Side-Channel Analysis of Universal Circuits
Authors: Mehta Dev M. , Hashemi Mohammad , Forte Domenic , Tajik Shahin , Ganji Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

A universal circuit (UC) can be thought of as a programmable circuit that can simulate any circuit up to a certain size by specifying its secret configuration bits. UCs have been incorporated into various applications, such as private function evaluation (PFE). Recently, studies have attempted to formalize the concept of semiconductor intellectual property (IP) protection in the context of UCs. This is despite the observations made in theory and practice that, in reality, the adversary may obtain additional information about the secret when executing cryptographic protocols. This paper aims to answer the question of whether UCs leak information unintentionally, which can be leveraged by the adversary to disclose the configuration bits. In this regard, we propose the first photon emission analysis against UCs relying on computer vision-based approaches. We demonstrate that the adversary can utilize a cost-effective solution to take images to be processed by off-the-shelf algorithms to extract configuration bits. We examine the efficacy of our method in two scenarios: (1) the design is small enough to be captured in a single image during the attack phase, and (2) multiple images should be captured to launch the attack by deploying a divide-and-conquer strategy. To evaluate the effectiveness of our attack, we use metrics commonly applied in side-channel analysis, namely rank and success rate. By doing so, we show that our profiled photon emission analysis achieves a success rate of 1 by employing a few templates (concretely, only 18 images were used as templates).
Polynomial sharings on two secrets: Buy one, get one free
Authors: Arnold Paula , Berndt Sebastian , Eisenbarth Thomas , Orlt Maximilian
Published: July 2024

While passive side-channel attacks and active fault attacks have been studied intensively in the last few decades, strong attackers combining these attacks have only been studied relatively recently. Due to its simplicity, most countermeasures against passive attacks are based on additive sharing. Unfortunately, extending these countermeasures against faults often leads to quite a significant performance penalty, either due to the use of expensive cryptographic operations or a large number of shares due to massive duplication. Just recently, Berndt, Eisenbarth, Gourjon, Faust, Orlt, and Seker thus proposed to use polynomial sharing against combined attackers (CRYPTO 2023). While they construct gadgets secure against combined attackers using only a linear number of shares, the overhead introduced might still be too large for practical scenarios.In this work, we show how the overhead of nearly all known constructions using polynomial sharing can be reduced by nearly half by embedding two secrets in the coefficients of one polynomial at the expense of increasing the degree of the polynomial by one. We present a very general framework that allows adapting these constructions to this new sharing scheme and prove the security of this approach against purely passive side-channel attacks, purely active fault attacks, and combined attacks. Furthermore, we present new gadgets allowing us to operate upon the different secrets in a number of useful ways.
Pediatric Case: Serum Protein Electrophoretic
Authors: Hadrac Safaa
Published: July 2024

Serum protein electrophoresis is a straightforward, dependable and precise technique employed to separate serum proteins. This research aimed to discover abnormal patterns of serum proteins in pediatric cases using capillary electrophoresis and to interpret any detected abnormalities. The research involved 92 serum samples obtained from pediatric patients admitted to Children’s Hospital in Casablanca. The study findings identified distinctive pathological electrophoretic patterns observed in pediatric cases: 36 children showed patterns indicative of inflammatory response, 3 had nephrotic syndrome, 4 had hypogammaglobulinemia, 24 exhibited polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and 1 had hypoproteinemia. Additionally, two rare cases of α1-antitrypsin deficiency were highlighted through electrophoresis. Serum protein electrophoresis is highly recommended as a diagnostic tool in children to enhance the accuracy of diagnosing inflammatory diseases, liver disorders and immunodeficiency cases.
Membangun Aplikasi Sistem Informasi untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi dan Transparansi pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional: Wahdah Inspirasi Zakat Kalimantan Timur Menggunakan Macro Microsoft Excel
Authors: Dhanny Omar , Patabang Lewi , Amirudin  , Gunawan Candra , Kusuma Angga , Sailawati
Published: July 2024

Recording transactions, both receipt and distribution, to zakat institutions is an important activity that must be carried out by Zakat Institutions, including Wahdah Inspirasi Zakat Kaltim. With this recording, all transactions can be accounted for in reports. Designing database and transaction records for zakat institutions is a very important thing for these institutions to have. Building an application information system for this zakat institution aims to help carry out activities in recording and reporting its finances by creating an accounting design based on Macro Microsoft Excel. Building an information system is the process of designing a system for recording, processing and reporting information that suits the needs and goals of users. The method used is conducting interviews and observations as the basis for making the application. The result of this activity is an Information System Application that is tailored to the zakat institution. The final stage of the process is implementation for operators by providing training
Youtube Media Komunikasi dan Bisnis Milenial
Authors: Saifulloh Moh , Hariyanto Didik
Published: July 2024

Studi ini mengkaji fungsi ganda YouTube sebagai media komunikasi sekaligus peluang bisnis bagi generasi milenial. Dengan menggunakan metodologi deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan manfaat, kekurangan, dan implikasi praktis dari pemanfaatan YouTube untuk tujuan tersebut. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa YouTube berfungsi sebagai alat komunikasi yang efektif, memfasilitasi berbagai bentuk ekspresi seperti vlog, tutorial, dan ulasan produk. Secara bersamaan, YouTube juga muncul sebagai jalur bisnis yang menguntungkan, asalkan ada keterlibatan yang konsisten dan komitmen terhadap penciptaan konten berkualitas tinggi. Implikasi dari temuan ini signifikan, menunjukkan bahwa YouTube tidak hanya merupakan platform untuk penyebaran media, tetapi juga merupakan lanskap kewirausahaan yang layak bagi individu muda. Kemampuan ganda ini menegaskan potensi YouTube untuk mempengaruhi strategi komunikasi dan inisiatif bisnis milenial secara positif.
Assessment of micronutrient levels in the military personnel serving in various climatic zones of Russia
Authors: Narutdinov DA , Rakhmanov RS , Bogomolova ES , Razgulin SA , Istomin AV , Shurkin DA
Published: July 2024

The lack of vitamins and minerals in the body contributes to the development of acquired deficient conditions. The study was aimed to assess micronutrient levels in the military personnel serving in various climatic zones of Russia. Plasma levels of vitamins (D based on 25(OH)D, B12, В9) and minerals (K, Na, total and ionized Ca, P, Mg, Fe), working and nutritional conditions were determined in servicemen in the Arctic (n = 54), Subarctic (n = 57), and temporary climate (n = 58) zones. The 25(OH)D levels were 24.06 ± 6.95, 21.5 ± 12.1(р1–2 = 0.003), and 27.2 ± 15.2 (р1–2 = 0.423, р1–3 = 0.032) ng/ml; deficiency and insufficiency were revealed in 82.3, 86.5, and 63.8% of military personnel. The cobalamin levels were 96.46 ± 20.6, 111.7 ± 59.4 (р1–2 = 0.046), and 125.7 ± 63.2 (р1–2 = 0.002, р1–3 = 0.334) pmol/L; the values below 148 pg/mL were reported for 100.0, 73.6, and 67.2% of surveyed individuals. The folate levels were 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.52 ± 1.54 (р1–2 = 0.657), and 6.49 ± 6.21 (р1–2 = 0.001, р1–3 = 0.009) ng/mL; the decreased levels were reported for 89.8, 81.3, and 44.8% of military personnel. The ionized calcium levels were decreased in 29.4, 50.0, and 67.2% of surveyed individuals, while the iron levels were decreased in 2.0, 1.9, and 3.4%. Elevated potassium (23.5, 29.6, and 8.6%), sodium (32.7 and 27.6% of individuals serving in the Subarctic and temporary climate zones) and total calcium (42.6% of individuals serving in the Subarctic zone) levels were reported. In the Arctic zone, the servicemen worked indoors and outdoors (heavy labour), while in the Subarctic and temporary climate zones they worked indoors (hard labour). In the Arctic zone, meals were organized consisting of the delivered canned foods (general military ration, 4466.7 ± 230.7 kcal/day), while in other zones it was homemade food with the disturbed eating pattern, inadequate consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. The study updates the directions for prevention of health problems in the military personnel serving in the extreme habitat and working conditions: estimation of body’s vitamin and mineral balance; optimization of the diet with the vegetable protein food products; raising awareness about the issues of individual diet and the use of vitamin and mineral supplements; developing formulations of multicomponent food products for adjustment of body’s vitamin and mineral balance.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with vitamin D deficiency in young highly trained athletes
Authors: Isaeva EP , Okorokov PL , Zyabkin IV
Published: July 2024

Vitamin D deficiency that remains non-compensated for a long time is associated with high risk of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, myopathies and low-energy fractures, as well as secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). SHPT represents one of the main mechanisms, through which vitamin D deficiency can contribute to pathogenesis of low-energy fractures. The study was aimed to assess the calcium and phosphorus metabolism state and the bone tissue metabolism markers in highly trained athletes with SHPT, as well as the prevalence of SHPT in elite sports. The study involved 527 young athletes aged 12–18 years (average age 15.2 years) doing 32 sports. The group with SHPT included 16 children (11 girls and 5 boys) with the average age of 15.0 years. The control group with normal levels of parathyroid hormone consisted of 511 children (254 boys and 273 girls) with the average age of 15.2 years. The studied subgroups were matched by age (p = 0.678). Girls predominated in the group with SHPT (р = 0.02). SHPT associated with vitamin D deficiency was revealed in 3% of young highly trained athletes, it was more prevalent among girls. The SHPT development does not result in alteration of the calcium and phosphorus metabolism indicators, however, it is accompanied by the increase in bone resorption markers, β-CrossLaps and total alkaline phosphatase. Many aspects related to vitamin D deficiency in SHPT are currently poorly understood, and there are no clinical guidelines on the cholecalciferol replacement therapy. Large-scale clinical trials are required to determine the optimal threshold values of 25(ОН)D3 and the powerful and effective treatment regimens for young athletes having SHPT associated with vitamin D deficiency.
Investasi Langsung di Era Ekonomi Digital: Tantangan dan Peluang Baru dalam Kerangka Hukum
Authors: Suhanti Kartika Ayu
Published: July 2024

Direct investment in the digital era raises a number of complex legal challenges that need to be addressed by market players and regulators. Some of these challenges include data privacy and security, intellectual property rights protection, cybercrime, and complex regulatory issues. However, amidst these challenges, there are also opportunities and innovations that can be exploited within the investment legal framework directly. One opportunity that can be explored is the establishment of regulations specifically for the digital economy. With appropriate regulations in place, the investment environment in this sector can become more conducive. Regulations should cover aspects such as data protection, cyber security, electronic commerce and technological innovation. Apart from that, changes in regulations are also key in facing the rapidly changing dynamics of the digital economy. Ease of obtaining permits, simpler investment procedures, and policies that are responsive to technological developments can encourage investment growth in the digital sector. Protection of intellectual property rights is also important in dealing with direct investment in the digital economy. Since much of the investment in this sector is related to technological development and innovation, strong protection of copyrights, patents and trademarks is essential. Cyber ​​security is also an important focus in the direct investment legal framework. The threat of cyber attacks can damage infrastructure, steal sensitive data, and harm a company's reputation. Therefore, regulations must strengthen aspects of cybersecurity, including best practices in data protection and rapid response to security incidents. Apart from that, to increase direct investment in the digital economy, increasing digital literacy among the public and business people is also important. Education and training on digital technologies and related legal aspects can help reduce barriers to investment in this sector. Finally, cooperation between the government, private sector and community institutions in developing the legal framework for direct investment is also an important factor. This collaboration can facilitate sustainable and inclusive investment in the digital economy. By paying attention to these opportunities and innovating in accordance with the applicable legal framework, Indonesia can create a more attractive investment environment for investors and accelerate the growth of the digital economic sector
Efektivitas Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Praktik Kerja Industri (Prakerin)
Authors: Khairunnisa Intan , Nurmawati Nurmawati , Yulia Cici
Published: July 2024

The problem of this research is based on the low understanding of industrial work practices (prakerin), students do not have the readiness to work both mentally and physically. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of group guidance services in increasing understanding of industrial work practices (prakerin) at Yappika Legok Vocational School. This research uses a pre-experimental quantitative method with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The sample used was purposive sampling with 10 students from a population of 90. Validity test uses correlation test with product moment. The number of statement items was 25 items, then tested on 31 respondents, 25 valid items were 0 invalid items. Data analysis techniques used the Normality test, Homogeneity test, t test. The results of the research prove that there is an increase in understanding of industrial work practices (prakerin) at Yappika Legok Vocational School, as evidenced by the results of the hypothesis test, namely sig .000 < 0.05, so Ho and Ha are accepted. The conclusion is that there are differences in industrial work practices (prakerin) before and after being given treatment, group guidance services are effective in increasing understanding of industrial work practices (prakerin) at Vocational School Yappika Legok Kab. Tangerang.
Integration of Financial Accounting Processes with County Government Resource Management
Authors: Kipngeno Rotich Amos , Theuri J.M
Published: July 2024

The county government is a devolved unit of the national government. In Kenya there are 47 devolved units representing counties that require the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) to track financial resources and provide a summary of financial information. However, despite the adoption of the IFMIS there are challenges associated with unpaid projects, high pending bills, funds misappropriation and corruption. To obtain a solution there is a need to examine whether the financial accounting process effectively contributes to resource utilization and distribution in the IFMIS. The challenges are. IFMIS system was developed to manage, track and secure procurement and financial processes. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to establish the effect of the financial accounting process on resource management in the County Government of Kericho. This was anchored on System theory to understand the process of the IFMIS system. The study used a descriptive research design where a census of 96 county executives and 16 administrations in the county assembly were given questionnaires. The questionnaire was utilized in the study which was both open and closed-ended questions. Data collected was coded and then analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics that utilized Pearson correlation. The results indicated that financial accounting integration assisted the county in the provision of sound accounting processes, access to cash flows and record-keeping across the department. Integration of financial accounting integration had a positive effect on resource management (P<0.05). The study concluded that the integration of financial accounting processing in IFMIS has a positive significance in county government resource management. The study recommended that the county government should strengthen the departmental finance control and reliability of financial statements to reduce corruption and mismanagement.
A Qualitative Study on Risk of Statelessness Among Indigenous Communities in Sarawak, Malaysia: Some Preliminary Findings
Authors: Awg Kassim Dayang Hajyrayati Binti , Mohd Noor Noor Azlan Bin
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study examines the risk of statelessness among indigenous communities in Sarawak, exploring both the perspectives of stateless persons and relevant stakeholders. The primary aim is to identify the barriers that contribute to the risk of statelessness and to determine the populations most vulnerable to this condition in Sarawak context. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the research identifies five barriers that heighten the risk of statelessness among indigenous communities: access barriers, administrative barriers, institutional barriers, behavioural barriers, and financial barriers. The study further classifies those at risk into two categories: those who are undocumented and those possessing some form of documents but lack full citizenship rights. The undocumented population encounters substantial obstacles as a result of their overall lack of legal recognition, which greatly restricts their ability to obtain necessary services and legal safeguards. Meanwhile, those who are documented but lack of citizenship rights experiences a precarious legal status that deprives them of the full rights and protections afforded to citizens. This study highlights the critical importance of policy interventions that tackle the systemic and procedural barriers indigenous populations of Sarawak experience in their acquisition of citizenship. In addition to tackling the immediate bureaucratic obstacles, effective solutions must also consider the sociocultural and legal issues that cause the statelessness condition.
Investigating the Effects of Bamboo Vinegar as An Organic Pesticide on Insect Pests and the Nutrient Content of Harumanis Mango (MA128), Mangifera indica L.
Authors: Abd Latip Nurul Fatihah , A Khalib Nurul Najihah , Omar Nur Faezah , Azahri Muhammad Sazri , Kasim Nur Nasulhah , Mohamad Sahal Mohd Saiful Akbar , Abdullah Mohammad Azizi
Published: July 2024

Chemical pesticides have been widely used in plantations, and their effects have more disadvantages to the environment as well as to humans. Therefore, this study tries to implement organic pesticides using bamboo vinegar. Bamboo vinegar is one of the organic pesticides to control insect pests in plantation crops. The role of this organic pesticide on the insect pests of Harumanis mango is still unknown. Hence, this study aims to determine the impact of applying bamboo vinegar on the insect pests, quality, and nutrient content of Harumanis mango (MA128). Bamboo vinegar was applied in February 2021 during the flowering phase at the Harumanis plot in the Plantation Unit, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis. This study used a randomized complete block design with three treatments (spraying intervals) and three replications: T1 (3-day interval), T2 (5-day interval), and T3 (no bamboo vinegar). Sticky traps were installed to determine the population of insect pests in Harumanis mango. Matured fruits have been harvested, and the standard procedure of Harumanis mango postharvest handling has been followed. Then, the fruits were determined for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C, and sugar content. Bamboo vinegar significantly reduced the abundance of insects in Harumanis mango. Additionally, the highest TPC was observed from a 3-day interval of bamboo vinegar application. A similar trend was indicated for improving TFC with bamboo vinegar application. Similarly, there was a significantly higher vitamin C and sugar content after bamboo vinegar application compared to the control group. In conclusion, applying bamboo vinegar to Harumanis mango reduced insect pests and increased the quality and nutrient content of the Harumanis mango.
Physical and Chemical Changes of Seven Selected Herbs Used as Herbal Bath Affected by Different Drying Methods
Authors: Md Zuki Rose Fazila , Ismail Mohd Firdaus , Abdul Aziz Julia
Published: July 2024

The effect of oven drying (OD) at 50±5°C, sun drying (SD), and fresh leaves (control) of seven selected herbs used in herbal preparation as herbal baths were evaluated. Herbal baths (HB) involve mixing herbs into water and boiling them or simply immersing them in the mixture during a regular bath. The herbs selected were leaves of torch ginger, greater galangal, pandan, citronella grass, henna, betel leaves, and kaffir lime leaves and fruits. The herbs were planted in a plot at the Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Physical changes such as HB herbs’ colour, aroma, and chemical composition were evaluated. The hydro distillation method was used for the extraction process of HB herbs, where it produced essential oils (EO), essential water (EW), and boiling water (BW), and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result, the OD herbs possessed brighter and more attractive colours compared to the SD method, which was dull and pale. The colour of EO was yellow, colourless for EW, and reddish for BW. Additionally, OD herbs possessed 80% and only 50% of the scent strength of the SD herbs from extracting fresh herbs. The fresh and dried HB herbs contained chemical constituents mostly from the terpene group. Herbal preparation developed using all treatments retained an appreciable amount of chemical composition studied, thus having the potential for commercial purposes.
The Effect of UV-B And UV-C Radiation on Contamination Rate and Shoot Proliferation of Tamban Pineapple Crown Explants (Ananas comosus L. Merr.)
Authors: Annisafitri Rizka , Wahdah Raihani , Susanti Hilda
Published: July 2024

This study examines the effect of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation on contamination rate and shoot proliferation of Tamban pineapple crown explant. The experimental design was nested and completely randomized with a separate control. The first factor was the type of UV light, namely UV-B and UV-C. The second factor was the duration of UV light exposure, namely 10, 20, 30, and 40 min. This study was carried out from March to June 2023 at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Observations were made on the contamination percentage, survival percentage, time of first shoot formation, percentage of explants able to regenerate shoots, and number of shoots. The results showed that UV light treatment decreased the contamination rate. Increasing the duration of UV light exposure decreased the contamination rate, delayed the formation of the first shoot, and affected the number of shoots. UV-B light exposure produced a higher number of shoots than UV-C light. These results suggest that UV-B and UV-C radiation have the potential to optimize surface sterilization protocol and promote somaclonal variation.
Epidemeiology of Burns in Peadiatric Patients in Pakistan: A Systemic Review
Authors: Laiba Arooj  , Sidra Kausar  , Muhammad Rehan  , Tariq Iqbal  , Qurra tul Ain  , Usman Waheed
Published: July 2024

Burns are graded as the fourth most common trauma type globally followed by other traumas including accidents, interpersonal violence and falls. South Asian regions account for 187- 243 incidences of burns in adults per hundred thousand annually. Moreover, about 22.5% of all burns occur in children and youth. 42% of those in children between the ages of 5 to 16 years old. Whereas Pakistan lacks national data and cannot measure the burn burden annually. Due to the lack of clinical and epidemiological studies on burns in pediatrics patients in Pakistan, we performed this study. This systemic review study aimed at summarizing available Pakistan’s epidemiological data, based on national studies in the past 32 years. The data of our systemic review were collected from six search engines, i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, PakMediNet, Scopus, Springer and DOAJ. The studies which were reviewed for the article were from 1990 to 2022. The articles of nonhuman participants, duplication and lacking in primary focus were excluded. The PRISMA guidelines were used. A total of 11 articles were included out of which 4 are from Islamabad ICT, 2 from Sindh, 1 from Balochistan and 4 from Punjab. The overall gender ratio shows male dominance of 55.83 %. Scald burn were recorded at a higher percentage of 48.7%. The mean TBSA recorded in this research was 17%. The mean mortality rate of all the studies shows a percentage of 14.84%. More research studies are needed to be done in the areas lacking information about the victims of burn injuries so that policymakers know the actual figure of the injuries with whom they have to deal.
IMPROVING DNA GENETIC CODE SIMILARITY EVALUATION THAT USES MACHINE LEARNING AND THE ENHANCED LONGEST COMMON SUBSEQUENCE (ELCS) ALGORITHM
Authors: Sarathamani T
Published: July 2024

Applications of DNA sequence analysis in biology and computer science, including gene discovery, evolution research, and genetic illness diagnosis. Finding commonalities across codes in various domains is essential. When comparing DNA sequences, conventional techniques like the subsequence (LCS) algorithm are frequently employed. But in order to clarify the difficulties in assessing DNA similarity sequence, this research study presents a method that makes use of machine learning techniques and the Enhanced Longest Common Subsequence Algorithm (ELCS). The suggested ELCS algorithm combines the strength of datadriven models with the efficiency of sequence alignment. It predicts alignment scores using a trained machine learning model, which lessens workload while keeping accuracy high. The Enhanced LCS Algorithm (ELCS) was implemented and deployed with Support Vector Machines using the NCBI GenBank nucleotide sequence dataset.
Influences of Enterobacter Cloacae Strain Fg 5-2 and Its Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizer Usage Efficiency on Groundnut Yield
Authors: Chuong Nguyen Van
Published: July 2024

Reducing production costs by replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CNF) with natural nitrogen fertilizers from endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is an optimally alternative solution to utilize natural nitrogen sources from biological nitrogen fixation to improve crop yields. Three levels of nitrogen (N) and vermicompost (VMC) application combined with Enterobacter cloacae strain Fg 5-2 (EC strain Fg 5-2) inoculation, which were carried out in 2 experiments, aimed to evaluate its impacts on the groundnut output. The 2 experiments consisted of 0, 20, 40 kg N ha–1 and 0, 5.0, 10 t VMC ha–1 application associated with EC strain Fg 5-2 inoculation and 4 replications. Results observed that 50 % CNF reduction, which increased up to 16.5 % of the groundnut yield compared to no CNF application, was no yield difference of the 100 % CNF application. Application of 10 t VMC ha–1 associated with EC strain Fg 5-2 inoculation increased up to 38.4 % compared to no VMC amendment. The groundnut yield of experiment 1 and 2 remarkably increased up to 19.6 and 12.9 %, respectively, with the EC strain Fg 5-2 inoculation compared to the non- EC strain Fg 5-2 inoculation. Application of VMC was the high efficiency on the nodulous number and weight of groundnut. Application of 20 kg N or 10 t VMC ha–1 combined with EC strain Fg 5-2 inoculation adequately reached highest groundnut yield. These selected results are the best associated rate to reduce CNF by applying EC strain Fg 5-2 inoculation to improve farmland nutrients and increase the groundnut yield.
Revolutionizing Indigo-Dyed Fabric Identification: A Novel Sulfonation Approach for Authenticity and Quality Assurance
Authors: Sakong Pornkamon , Thosaikham Witchapol
Published: July 2024

This study explores a novel sulfonation method for analyzing blue-dyed fabrics containing reactive, direct and indigo dyes. The proposed method accurately distinguishes indigo fabrics by converting indigo blue into indigo carmine using concentrated H2SO4, resulting in distinct spectral analysis through UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Generally, UV-Visible spectroscopy shows absorption peak characteristics influenced by analyte and environmental properties, leading to broadening and wavelength shifts. Therefore, statistical analysis of peak characteristics, including center, centroid, Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), height and L/R ratio, was performed on the obtained spectra to facilitate comprehensive quality evaluation of indigo-dyed fabrics. The proposed method demonstrated good precision and accuracy, with %RSD values indicating excellent repeatability and reproducibility, contingent on consistent sample preparation, narrow analyte peaks and minimized background signals. Furthermore, this method was applied to analyze the collected indigo-dyed fabrics from Sakon Nakhon Province, revealing the center value (611.79 nm) as a precise marker for indigo dye, with a narrow control range (607.02 - 616.56 nm) and a low coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.26 %. Moreover, centroid, L/R ratio and FWHM significantly contributed to fabric classification and quality assessment. This research offers valuable insights to improve indigo fabric production in Sakon Nakhon Province, leading to more reliable authentication and quality control of the natural indigo-dyed industry.
Wizje aktywizacji transportu wodnego w regionie Zalewu Wiślanego wyrażone w dokumentach strategicznych i planistycznych
Authors: Puzdrakiewicz Krystian , Żukowska Sandra , Chmiel Beata , Palmowski Tadeusz
Published: July 2024

The Vistula Lagoon region has well-established maritime traditions, but socio-economic and geopolitical problems make it difficult to exploit the potential of this location. In the study, a multi-criteria qualitative analysis of strategic and planning documents at four levels (national, supra-regional, regional and local) was carried out in terms of including in them issues concerning the activation of water transport in the Vistula Lagoon region. The results indicate that the water economy is a strategic economic sector for the lagoon municipalities. The navigation channel through the Vistula Spit is mostly perceived as a key investment for the activation of water transport in the region, although its assessment among municipalities is not uniform. Particularly important areas of intervention include the need to modernise the existing infrastructure and actively maintain it to ensure proper navigable conditions, as well as cooperation between different levels of government for effective planning and implementation of these visions in the functional area of the basin.
Comparing Professional Problems of Travel Agencies and Tourist Guides Operating in Istanbul
Authors: Inan Ramazan , Ciki Kartal Dogukan , Vergul Ahmet Mecid
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to compare and analyze the professional problems between travel agencies and tourist guides operating in the tourism sector in Istanbul. The research was conducted with a total of 26 participants, including 13 tourist guides and 13 representatives from travel agencies, using a semi-structured interview technique. The data obtained were analyzed under the headings of “mutual problems of travel agencies and tourist guides”, “problems related to guests”, “problems related to accommodation enterprises”, “other problems”, “illegal and shadow guiding problem”, and “base fees and adequacy”. It has been determined that the main problem that tourist guides experience with the travel agencies they work with is tour fees. Tourist guides underlined that travel agencies are very sales-oriented and this situation negatively affects the guides. In addition, it has been determined that intensive tour programs also cause significant problems for tourist guides. Agency representatives, on the other hand, stated that they had problems with inadequacies in the individual characteristics of tourist guides. In addition, non-compliance with the tour program, demanding high prices, and discrimination of guests were among the problems experienced by travel agencies with tourist guides. When the problems encountered by the two important stakeholders of the tourism sector other than the problems encountered with each other are taken into consideration, tourist guides stated that they encountered the problem of delays with their guests, the problem of insufficient personnel with accommodation establishments, and the problem of traffic in Istanbul. Travel agency representatives, on the other hand, emphasized the problems caused by high and different expectations with their guests, the problems experienced by accommodation businesses when purchasing rooms, and the traffic problems in Istanbul. Both stakeholders agree that the illegal and shadow guiding problem should be inspected and sanctions should be imposed. Stakeholders who evaluate the base wages of tourist guides have different opinions on this issue. While a significant portion of tourist guides think that the wages are adequate, agency representatives think that the base wage is high.