bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situating Boundary Work: Chronic Disease Prevention in Danish Hospitals
Authors: Pedersen Inge Kryger
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates how health professions compete and cooperate in addressing emerging local work tasks defined in relation to new globalized health challenges, such as type 2 diabetes. It identifies which professional groups have claimed responsibility for the tasks and by means of which kinds of interactions and infighting. The materials entail workplace-related artefacts and documents; in-depth interviews and extended conversations with health professionals about goals, dilemmas, and practices linked to prevention of lifestyle-related diseases; and site visits at Danish hospitals. Grounding Abbott’s framework of jurisdictions and his meso-level vocabulary in a situated account of professional boundary work, the analysis follows the ways that nurses in particular create, and sometimes stabilize or standardize, techniques for a disease prevention programme less than a decade old. The paper argues that processual theory of boundary work would benefit from grounding in a situated account of forms of professional boundaries within emerging jurisdictional tasks.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Diallo Alioune , Tine Yoro , Diop Abdoulaye , Ndoye Idrissa , Traoré Falaye , Boye Cheikh Saad Bouh , Costa Jean , Paolini Julien , Wélé Alassane
Published: May 2020

For the first time, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of Melaleuca quinquenervia leaf essential oils from Senegal. Ten samples of leaves from M. quinquenervia were collected on two Senegal localities. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yields ofdried leaves ranged 1.65 to 3.74%. Oilsamples were dominated by 1,8-cineole (24.6-49.3%), viridiflorol (14.9-35.7%), a-terpineol (6.3-12.7%), a-pinene (5.0-11.5%) and limonene (3.7-7.3%). The antibacterial activity was evaluated using a paper disc diffusion method. The essential oil exhibited excellent activity against S. aureus, moderate activity against E. coli and E. faecalis and no activity against P. aeruginosa.
Quality Evaluation of Some Commonly Consumed Oils and Fats
Authors: Miniru Oluwasegun, Soliu , Bello Adunola, Abosede
Published: May 2020

Aim: To evaluate and compare the quality parameters of some commonly consumed oils and fats.

Study Design: Laboratory experimental design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: Cultured Clarias gariepinus was collected from a fish pond, Glycine max was purchased from a local market while pork, chicken and beef fats were collected from Oko Oba Abattoir, Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was carried out between September 2019 - February 2020 at the Oilseed Laboratory of Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Oil available in C. gariepinus and G. max were extracted using Soxhlet extraction method while the animal fats were pre-treated to remove the impurities present in them. The chemical properties of the oils and fats were determined using standard methods of analysis while the fatty acid composition were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer.

Results: Beef fat had the lowest peroxide (3.02mEQ/kg), anisidine (4.32mEQ/kg) and TOTOX value (10.36mEQ/kg), indicating that the fat could be stored for a long period of time without undergoing deterioration. The fatty acid composition shows that G. max oil, C. gariepinus oil and pork fat contains high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids while beef fat contains large number of saturated fatty acids.

Conclusion: This study shows that G. max oil, C. gariepinus oil and pork fat have more nutritive value compared to chicken fat and beef fat although will be easily susceptible to oxidation due to the large number of double bonds present in them.
Assessment of Job Behavior of Agricultural Extension Workers: A Case Study of SAFE Programme Beneficiaries in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Hamisu S. , Umar S. , Oladosu, Isma’il O. , Gona Ayuba,
Published: May 2020

The study assessed job behavior of SAFE programme beneficiaries in North-Western Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 73 SAFE beneficiaries’ employers (sample sizes).Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire and all the administered questionnaires were returned and found useful for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired sample t-test). The study reveals that SAFE beneficiaries’ have rated high in job behavior indicators as a result of SAFE programme (such as desired for new knowledge, explicitness, foresightedness, sympathetic attitude, service attitude, attractive personality, enthusiasm and honesty). The study further confirmed significant differences on job behavioral change of SAFE beneficiaries’ before and after SAFE participation using paired sample t-test. The study concludes that SAFE programme had positively influenced job behavioral change of the agricultural extension workers. In line with this finding, the study recommends that the SAFE programme curriculabe adopted into the conventional or traditional agricultural degree programme across the Nigerian Universities.
COVID 19 Disease Caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
Authors: Unal Mehmet , Irez Tulay
Published: May 2020

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large group from the Coronaviridae family that cause a variety of diseases, from the common cold to more serious clinical conditions such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This pathogen, which has a single chain, positive polarity and enveloped RNA viruses and causes bilateral interstitial pneumonia, has been associated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease was defined as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of β-coronavirus. Studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 uses membrane-bound ACE2 to access target cells. It is understood that the virus is transmitted from bats to people, from person to person by droplet or by the contact of the sick person with respiratory secretion materials into the mouth, nose and eye mucous membranes of healthy people. The most common clinical findings were fever (87.9%), cough (67.7%), and weakness (38.1%). The exact diagnosis of Covid-19 is based on virus isolation or RT-PCR positivity. The sensitivity of Thorax CT in the diagnosis of Covid-19 is 97%. Most of the treatments applied are symptomatic. Remdesivir, Chloroquine, Arbidol, Kaletra, lopinavir / ritonavir and remdesivir have been proposed as antiviral agents that can be used in Covid-19 therapy. In order to be protected, attention should be paid to social distance, personal hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, a good sleep pattern, regular exercise, adequate and balanced nutrition. Although the outbreak started in China, it is also quite common in Europe and America. As of May 2, 2020, case reports were made from 215 countries. It has been declared as a pandemic by WHO because of its high transmission rate. The situation is of great importance for global public health. In this paper, we have systematically reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 and this report aims to give information about the genetic structure, pathogenic feature, source of infection, routes of transmission, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the virus and to be a reference for future research, measures and treatments. This review aims to investigate the most current trend of COVID-19.
SARS COV 2: Complete Review on Global Pandemic (Covid 19)
Authors: Gupta Praveen Kumar , Rithu B. S. , Banu Kauser , Shruthi A. , Sahana C.
Published: May 2020

SARS COV 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) has created a global health emergency worldwide due to public health crisis and life-threatening situation. According to a recent study it has been reported that the virus was found originated in animal and transmitted to humans through a food chain. First case was reported in Wuhan-china on December 2019, In this review we have enlightened on different aspects of novel coronavirus 2019 and measure to combat the battle against the novel corona virus 2019.
Evaluation of the Molluscicidal, Artemicidal and Cytotoxic Activities of the Lectin from Opuntia ficus-indica Cladodes (OfiL)
Authors: Santana Giselly Maria de Sá , Albuquerque Lidiane Pereira de , Pontual Emmanuel Viana , Silva Luanna Ribeiro Santos , Aguiar Jaciana dos Santos , Melo Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque , Napoleão Thiago Henrique , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes
Published: May 2020

Background: Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host for the larvae of Schistosoma mansoni, which is distributed widely in the tropics. B. glabrata control is important to minimize the spread of schistosomiasis and natural compounds have been sought for use against this disease. The Artemia salina bench-top bioassay has been used to investigate the ecotoxicity of many natural compounds, and its results also correlate well with the in vitro cytotoxicity of natural compounds to tumor cells.

Aims: To evaluate deleterious effects of the Opuntia ficus-indica lectin (OfiL) on B. glabrata,          A. salina and human cancer cell lines.

Methods: OfiL was isolated following a previously established protocol. The effects of OfiL on          B. glabrata were investigated by determining survival of adults as well as development and hatching of embryos. The concentration required to kill 50% (LC50) of A. salina nauplii was determined. The cytotoxicity was determined using the human cell lines Hep-2 (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma), NCI-H292 (human lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma) and K562 (chronic myelocytic leukemia).

Results: The development of most embryos (92.5–97.5%) treated with 1, 10 and 100 µg/mL of OfiL was found to be delayed, and dead (2.2–3.3%) and malformed (0.3–5.2%) embryos were also observed. OfiL did not kill B. glabrata adults, but a high percentage (30–45%) of the embryos generated by snails incubated with the lectin exhibited malformations. OfiL exhibited toxicity against A. salina (LC50: 61.02 µg/mL) but did not display cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines evaluated.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that OfiL can be a tool for schistosomiasis control that acts by impairing the viability of B. glabrata eggs and the fecundity of adult snails.
Germination and Biochemical Parameters of the Triticum aestivum Varieties (Pirsabak and Ata Habib) in Response to NaCl Stress
Authors: Basit Mian Fazli , Azorji J. N. , Nwachukwu M. O. , . Wisal , Yaseen Tabassum , Asad Fayaz , Rahim Fazli , Bibi Farkhanda , Igbokwe C. M.
Published: May 2020

Abiotic stress is an important ecological problem limiting crop growth and productivity of other important substances like Carbohydrates, protein, and Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ contents in plants. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of NaCl, 20ppm, 40ppm, 60ppm, 80ppm, 100ppm and non-saline concentration on two varieties, Ata Habib and Pirsabak of Triticum aestivum. Effects of NaCl were observed on Biochemicals contents (Carbohydrates, protein, Chlorophyll a and b) and germination percentage, seedling shoot length, seedling root length, seedling fresh and dry biomass, root numbering and leaf numbering. The result showed that germination and seedling growth reduced with the increasing concentration of NaCl while total carbohydrates and chl ‘a’ and ‘b’ increased with increasing salt application on both varieties but protein contents decrease significantly on a high level of sodium chloride. The overall comparison of both varieties in morphologically and biochemically parameters under sodium chloride showed that Pirsabak was more affected by NaCl compared to Ata Habib indicating that the species can tolerate NaCl laden soils. We recommend that the experiment be repeated with more varieties of Triticum aestivum under field conditions to compare results and to obtain more NaCl tolerant varieties.
Impacts of Agroforestry in Agricultural Sustainabilty and Food Security in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsiji A. O. , Ibrahim T. O. , Oni O. A.
Published: May 2020

The first essential component of social and economic justice is adequate food production. Food plays a vital role in the life of mankind and it keeps the body functioning. Nigeria is a country richly blessed with abundant natural and human resources that if properly utilized can feed its people, yet it is experiencing persistent food crisis both in terms of quantity and quality. Food security is the ability of people to meet their required level of food consumption at all times. Food insecurity has been a major concern in Nigeria where peasant farmers lack the skill and capital to produce large quantity of farm produce that will meet the nation’s need. Agroforestry which combines growing of trees with the production of other crops or animal has been a widely used system for combating food insecurity which also reduces the risk of crop failure during adverse conditions such as prolong drought period and other natural calamities due to climate change. Through agroforestry practices, food production, improved soil fertility, health and increasing economic income of rural people can be properly tackled in the country. Research into agroforestry practices should be properly disseminated to rural farmers so that they can adopt the system. Also, government policies, research institute and other agricultural schemes that has been set up by the government should work towards making farmers adopt and apply agroforestry strategies in the country.
Optimal Bounds of the Arithmetic Mean by Harmonic, Contra-harmonic and New Seiffert-like Means
Authors: Xu Hui-Zuo , Qian Wei-Mao
Published: May 2020

We provide the optimal bounds for the arithmetic mean in terms of harmonic, contra-harmonic and new Seiffert-like means.
Analysis and Categorization of Several Dendrobium Species Based on Morphological Traits
Authors: Nguyen Nhu-Hoa , Le Tuan-Loc , Vu Huyen-Trang , Tran Kım-Dınh , Tran Hop , Duong Hoa-Xo , Tran Hoang-Dung
Published: May 2020

Dendrobium Sw. is the a highly diversified Orchidaceae genus with at least 100 identified species in Vietnam. Classification and description of this genus in Vietnam suffered from a number of setbacks such as lack of synchronization and photographic illustrations, which rendered identification and researches of Dendrobium samples a daunting task. Therefore, this study constructed the database of morphological descriptions along with sample images of forty Dendrobium samples in Vietnam. Based on this database, species in the Dendrobium genus were analyzed and categorized to create a clear-illustrated information resource which is easy to use by non-specialized users.
Assessment of Histopathological Damages in African Catfish (Clarias garienpinus) as Influenced by Nittol Detergent Aquatic Pollution in Nigeria
Authors: Ivon E. A. , Etangetuk N. A. , Ubi G. M. , Anyanwu C. O. , Nkang A. N. , Ekanem A. P.
Published: May 2020

Toxicity of Nittol detergent on the histopathology of the African catfish (C. gariepinus) sub adult was investigated. The experiment was conducted in triplicates of four treatments. Behavioral changes in fish exposed to different concentrations of Nittol detergent ranged from erratic swimming, moribund movement, jumping and lack of balance. Similar changes were not observed in the control throughout the experiment. Nittol detergent is composed of linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate (LABS), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, sodium perborate and sodium silicate (perfume) as active ingredients. The fish were exposed to concentrations 1.0 g/L, 2.0 g/L, 3.0 g/L and 4.0 g/L. At 1.0 g/l concentration, the mean mortality was 80% with an initial erratic swimming. It was observed that mean mortality increased drastically with increase in concentration of the pollutant (Nittol detergent). At concentration 3.0 g/L, total mortality was observed within 72 hours of exposure preceding moribund swimming while total mortality was observed in 4.0 g/L. The concentration at which 50% of the experimental fish were killed (LC50) was 1.9 g/L. Results from statistical analysis indicated that mortality varied (p<0.05) significantly with concentrations as higher values recorded higher mortalities. However, mean values showed highest mortality (74%) with Nittol detergent. Histopathology of the liver of fish exposed to Nittol after 96hrs revealed severe damage and necrosis of the liver cells when compared with the control which had a normal distribution of hepatic cells. Similarly, results from histopathology of the gills of the exposed fish to Nittol detergent revealed fusion and damages to gills lamellae when compared with the control which has normal distribution of the gills lamellae. Severe changes in the epithelia of the gill arch were also observed. Findings from histopathology of the intestine also revealed severe damages to the intestinal walls and mucosa when compared with the control. Images from the histopathology of the gills revealed severe damages to the gill lamellae by the Nittol detergent whereas the control showed a normal distribution of gills lamellae. And in the same vein, histopathology result on the effect of Nittol Detergent on the intestine of the exposed fish revealed chronic damages to the intestinal mucosa when viewed with motic electron microscope at x10 magnification. It was therefore concluded that Nittol Detergent causes significant and severe damages to C. gariepinus and recommended the control disposal of this detergent into aquatic bodies to reduce the negative impact on the histopathology of aquatic organisms.
Assessment of Morphometric Diversity for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Tolerance to Heat Stress
Authors: Sandeep S. , Sujatha M. , Subbarao L. V. , Neeraja C. N.
Published: May 2020

The present investigation entitled “Assessment of morphometric diversity for yield and yield attributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for tolerance to heat stress” was carried out with objective of assessing genetic divergence in 200 germplasm of rice for eleven characters at ICRISAT, Patencheru, Hyderabad. The genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters in Tocher’s method, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, out of the 11 characters studied, number of grains per panicle, plant height, pollen viability and spikelet fertility contributed 96.73 per cent of the total divergence and these traits were found to be important potent factors for genetic differentiation in genotypes. Principal component analysis identified five principal components, which contributed for 78.66 percent % of cumulative variance. The overall results of the study revealed that crossing using the genotypes under cluster V and XI and cluster XI and XIII could be exploited by hybridization programme to yield good recombinants because they had maximum inter cluster distance and possessing high genetic diversity for the characters viz. panicle length, number of grains per panicle and single plant yield. The genotypes of cluster I, II, IV, VI, VII, VIII, XI, XII and XIII showed high spikelet fertility percentage. Hence the genotypes of these clusters can be used in breeding programmes for development of heat tolerant varieties. Euclidean2 method indicated that genotypes of cluster III and IX exhibited high spikelet fertility percentage which can be utilized in development of heat tolerant cultivars. The results of principal component analysis revealed that genotypes of cluster I, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster XI, cluster XII and cluster XV exhibited highest spikelet fertility percentage. Hence, the genotypes of the clusters can be used in breeding programmes for the development of heat tolerant varieties.
Influence of Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus on Physiological Parameters of Leaves of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Layers
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Singh R. R. , Rani Ruby , Singh Mahendra , Kumar Uday
Published: May 2020

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), is delicious juicy fruit of India having excellent nutritional quality. It has a great potential to earn foreign exchange in the national and international market through export. Slow plant growth and high rate of mortality in initial stage of plant establishment are the major problem of litchi. Increasing photosynthetic activity through exploiting photosynthetic, components are major target. The carotenoid and chlorophyll content are one of the major components that affect the photosynthetic activity of plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are beneficial symbiotic soil microorganisms and AM technology can find its potential application in the nursery of horticultural industry. When AM fungi have been successfully applied to many wood fruit tree species, little information is available in litchi. Therefore, the pot experiment was undertaken to study the influence of phosphorus (50 mg and 75 mg), mycorrhiza (G. mosseae and G. coronatum) alone and in combination. The treatment significantly influenced the changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid content in leaves of litchi samplings in nursery stage. After 120 days of inoculation both the species of mycorrhiza alone and in combination with phosphorus application were very effective with the highest level of total chlorophyll content of (2.474 mg/g fr. wt) in case T5 G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg. Significantly lowest value of chlorophyll was noted in T0 Control (2.090 mg/g fr.wt). Carotenoid content was also measured maximum in T5 G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg (0.154 mg/g fr. wt.) as compare to T0 Control with (0.065 mg/g fr. wt.). Relative water content (RWC) after 60, 90 and 120 DAI significantly differentiate. Maximum RWC in case T5 G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg (31.43%) which was statistically equal with G. coronatum 10 g + P 50 mg (31.14%). Significantly influencing specific leaf weight at different date of observations. The performance was maximum found in T5 G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg (7.28%) as compare to T0 control (4.44%). Significant effect of treatments on leaf parameters of litchi layers pertaining number of leaves per flush and length of flush is maximum with T5 G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg (5 - 8) and (10.2 cm).
Standardization of Recipe of Barbados Cherry Pickle
Authors: Mani Arghya , Kuchi Venkata Satish , Mitra Surajit , Banik A. K. , Chakraborty Ivi , Das Satyabrata , Bauri F. K.
Published: May 2020

Aim: Barbados cherry is a fruit with magical amount of Vitamin C in it. But the main problem with the fruit is a very low ambient storage life of just 1-2 days. After which the fruit start decaying. Even the loss in nutrients and phytochemicals commence 4-5 hours after harvest. Hence there is a need to preserve the fruit for availing long term benefits of the fruit. Among all processed product, pickling is a very important and stable method of preservation.

Design: Completely Randomized Block Design.

Methodology: Till now recipe standardization of Barbados cherry pickle is not yet                  documented. In our products prepared with 4 recipee, 2 each with pickling in oil and pickling in water.

Results: The oil picked fruits were having highest amount of vitamin C was retained in Recipe 2 (T2) and Recipe 1 (T1) even after 6 months of storage. Total plate count after 6th month of storage was also low in Recipe 2 (T2) and Recipe 1 (T1). In terms of organoleptic property the best pickle with good flavour, remarkable taste, outstanding texture, brilliant consistency and high overall acceptability was in Recipe 2 (T2) and Recipe 1 (T1).

Conclusion: Hence Recipe 2 (T2) can be successfully used for commercial preparation of Barbados cherry pickle.
Review on Dew Process and Its Contribution in Maize Water Requirement at Nalohou (Northern Benin)
Authors: Yessoufou Odjounchi Raoufou , N’Gobi Gabin Koto , Kounouhéwa Basile Bruno
Published: May 2020

Climate change is a scientific issue of global interest and Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions in the world strongly affected by its consequences in water resources for agriculture. Adaptation to climate change is one of the fundamental measures for human beings. Therefore, extensive researches on dew process have been carried out worldwide. Based on articles and relevant documents on the subject, this paper reviews the latest researches achievement in several domains of science, including measurements technics and dew possible contribution in plants water requirement satisfaction. A case study in Benin climate (West Africa) compares the probable amount of dew that can be harvested by maize canopy as water during the main stages of its growth cycle. Evaluation of dew amount and maize water requirements are done using the Penman-Monteith equation. The theoretical results show that dew can contribute for about 9 to 10% in the IZEE-W-SR-(ODE-TUWE) corn variety’s water requirements. So, future researches on dew can be performed in arid and semi-arid areas as alternative water for agriculture.
Effect of Different Spacing of Bt and Non Bt Cotton Hybrid on Population of P. gossypiella under High Density Planting
Authors: Lahane P. A. , Kolhe A. V. , Mohod D. N. , Khandare Anurag
Published: May 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Experimental farm of Department of Entomology, Dr. PDKV, Akola, on evaluation of various cotton cultivars against sucking pests under high density planting during kharif 2013 in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. It is evaluated from the study that the higher population of P. gossypiella was harboured on Bt and non Bt cotton hybrid. The population of P. gossypiella larvae was in PKV Hy-2 and RCH-2 BGII was ranging from 0.25 to 1.28 and 0.05 to 0.11, respectively. The lowest mean population of P. gossypiella larvae (0.40) was observed in plant spacing of cotton 120 x 45 cm followed by plant spacing of 90 x 45 cm.
Combined Effects of Ocimum gratissimum and Soil-borne Phytopathogenic Fungi on Seedling Growth of Quality Protein Maize
Authors: Abiala M. A. , Akanmu A. O. , Oribhaboise A. C. , Aroge T.
Published: May 2020

The soil borne phytopathogenic fungi; Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani and Curvularia lunata were investigated separately and as combinations for their pathogenicity and possible control with extracts of Ocimum gratissimum on the seedlings of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties (Zea mays L.); ILE 1 and SW 5. The experiment was factorial based and laid out in a completely randomized design, replicated thrice. Data collected on the percentage germination, growth characters and disease severity were statistically analysed. The pathogenic effect of F. solani, F. verticillioides and C. lunata in their factorial combinations significantly (p<0.05) inhibited seed germination of the QPM maize varieties, and showed high disease severity on ILE1 (31.62%) than SW5 (30.37%). Application of O. gratissimum extract at 0.5 g/ml concentration significantly (p<0.05) enhanced seed germination and growth characters of both maize varieties. More so, O. gratissimum extract selectively (p<0.005) reduced disease severity on SW5 but showed relative effect on ILE1 with respect to number of leaves, plant height and leaf area. The extract of O. gratissimum is therefore a potent phytofungicide in the management of phytopathogenic fungi of QPM.
Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Level with Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Hudu Shuaibu Abdullahi , Shinkafi Saadatu Haruna , Umar Shuaibu , Makun Babazhitsu
Published: May 2020

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing an aggregate of immune competent cells, such as T lymphocytes, B cells and natural killer cells, play an important role in control or persistence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Similarly, the expression of hepatitis B viral antigens on the surface of infected hepatocytes can invoke a cytotoxic T–cell response.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and peripheral lymphocyte subsets of healthy donors and chronic hepatitis B patients.

Methodology: Serum HBsAg was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Peripheral blood lymphocyte cell phenotyping was carried out by flow cytometry for all chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy blood donors.

Results: The results of this study showed a significant correlation between HBsAg level and percentage of T and NK cells (r=0.366; P=0.01, r=-0.462; P=0.01, respectively). On the other hand, significance variation in peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage of T lymphocyte subsets in patients were found to be directly proportional to T cell subsets CD4+and CD8+ (P=0.001) compared with healthy blood donor controls.

Conclusion: In conclusion this study highlighted the role of the HBsAg level in supressing the immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Understanding the interactions between HBsAg and peripheral blood cells serves as a basis for development of HBV therapeutic vaccines and a prognostic biomarker in persistent HBV infection.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Dehydration among Pregnant Women in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ekpenyong Christopher E. , Udokang Nsikak E. , Inyang Comfort A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite available evidences that pregnant women are specific vulnerable target population for dehydration and the importance of adequate hydration to both the mother and the developing fetus, studies assessing the prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among pregnant women are limited.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among pregnant women in Uyo metropolis, Southern Nigeria.

Methods: A total of 316 pregnant women from selected obstetric centers in Uyo Metropolis met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for socio-demographics, lifestyle-related behaviors and urinary specific gravity using standard instruments. Mean values were calculated and used for the determination of the hydration status of the participants. Univariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between socio-demographic variables and lifestyle related behaviours and prevalence of dehydration. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval for factors associated with dehydration in pregnancy.

Results: About 14.6% of the pregnant women were dehydrated, and factors associated with high prevalence of dehydration were age between 26 and 35 years, being married, urban residence, acquiring a tertiary education and income between 20,000 and 50,000 naira. Others were, null-parity, third trimester of pregnancy, physically active, poor dietary habits, alcohol consumption, inadequate water intake and short sleep duration. Inadequate water intake (1-2 cups of water) (OR=6.10,C.I=2.029-18.360) or 5-7cups of water (OR=4.04,C.I=1.385-11.785), consumption of mostly high carbohydrate diets (OR=3.55,C.I=1.003-12577), consumption of mostly high protein diets (OR=3.25,C.I=1.893-11.844) and craving for strange foods(OR=3.71, C.I=1.563-8.81) significantly increased the odds for dehydration among the participants.

Conclusion: Demographic, obstetric and lifestyle-related factors drive the high prevalence of dehydration among pregnant women and should be considered in designing intervention programs to prevent dehydration among pregnant women in our communities.
Phytosociology, Diversity and Ecological Groups of the Adult Tree Component of a Forest Remnant in Pernambuco – Brazil
Authors: Cola Raquel Elvira , Vieira Anne Carolyne Silva , Silva Lucas Galdino da , Nobre Sthéfany Carolina de Melo , Barros Maurício Leodino de , Lana Mayara Dalla , Longhi Regis Villanova , Brandão Carlos Frederico Lins e Silva
Published: May 2020

The main objective of this study is to characterize the floristic richness, phytosociological structure, and classify the ecological groups of the adult tree component species in an area of ecological tension (Seasonal Forest and Caatinga) in Pernambuco - Brazil. The study was conducted in Atlantic Forest stretch in Pernambuco – Brazil, from April 2019 to February 2020. Methods adopted for this study includes the allocation of 20 plots, with dimensions of 10 m x 25 m, spaced in 25 m. Each adult individual, with a circumference at breast height (CBH 1.30 m) ≥ 15 cm, was identified in the field. The softwares Mata Nativa version 2 and Excel 2019 were used to process the collected data. Sample sufficiency, classification of ecological groups, diversity and phytosociology were analyzed. As a result of the research, the density of the adult tree component in the fragment was 1,888 indha-1 and the dominance was 21.64 m².ha-1. These values are following the standards of other studies in Atlantic Forest in the State of Pernambuco. The botanical families with greatest richness are, respectively, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Lauraceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Sapindaceae and Sapotaceae. Regarding the ecological groups, 46% of the species were classified as initial secondary. The species of greatest Value of Importance were Guapira nitida, Buchenavia tetraphylla, Manilkara sp., Byrsonima crassifolia and Sloanea obtusifolia, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') value was 3.21 nats.ind-1 and the Pielou Uniformity Index (J) was 0.73. According to the results obtained, the development process of the adult tree component of the fragment was directly affected by the pasture matrix. However, species diversity has not been compromised, indicating the area's resilience potential.
Lithofacies, Palynostratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Outcropping Rock Succession at Ogbunike Old Toll Gate, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Onuigbo E. N. , Okoro A. U. , Okolo C. M. , Okeke H. C.
Published: May 2020

Aim: Sedimentary succession exposed at Ogbunike old toll gate is part of the outcropping sediments of the Niger Delta Basin and its age is controversial. The outcrop was studied for the purpose of age determination, lithostratigraphic placement and interpretation of paleoecology, paleoclimatology and depositional environment.

Methodology: Lithofacies and biofacies analyses were integrated in the study.

Results: Thirteen lithofacies identified include; bioturbated sandstone, ripple laminated sandstone, ripple laminated claystone, dark shale, ferruginized sandstone, carbonaceous sandstone, greyish shale, very fine sandstone, mudstone, massive claystone, coarse sandstone, cross bedded sandstone and flaser bedded sandstone lithofacies. Four lithofacies associations consisting of lower shoreface to inner neritic, fluvial channel, lagoonal/mixed flat and subtidal sandwave associations were delineated. Middle Eocene age is assigned to the succession based on the high abundance of marker pollen such as Margocolporites foveolatus, Ctenelophonidites costatus, Monocolpites marginatus, Retibrevitricolporites triangulatus, Proxapertites cursus, Bombacacidites sp. and common occurrences of Scrabratisporites simpliformis, Anacolosidites luteoides, Psilatricolporites crassus, Gabonisporis viaourouxii, Striatricolporites catatumbus and Retistephanocolporites williamsi. These co-occur with Cordosphaeridium cantharellus. Palynofloral group recovered are dominated by mangrove and palm pollen. Pteridophyte spores are also abundant whereas the hinterland pollen group is very low. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages of Textularia, Miliammina,Ammobaculites Haplophragmoides, Fursenkoina, Heterolepa, Reophax, Nodosaria, Florilus, Uvigerina, Cibicides and Bolivina recovered from the dark shale suggest deposition in an inner neritic setting. Trace fossil suite of Skolithos- Cruziana ichnofacies is an attribute of the sedimentary units.

Conclusion: The sedimentary succession is part of the Ameki Group (Nanka Formation) deposited under varied environmental setting. Paleoclimate is tropical.
Polyethylene Biodegradation Potentials of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. Isolated from Waste Dumps and Farmlands in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Chigor Vincent , Nwankwo Chidiebele , Ogbodo Uchenna , Ugwu Joseph
Published: May 2020

Background: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) are plastic materials extensively used in packaging, constituting recalcitrant environmental pollutants that defy natural degradation processes.

Aim: This study isolated bacteria from a Nigerian environment and assessed their potential for LDPE biodegradation.

Methods: Using standard procedures, Bacteria were isolated from polythene samples collected from farmlands and waste dump sites in Nsukka metropolis. Mineral salt medium (MSM) was prepared, with LPDE as sole carbon source, and used for isolation. Optical density (OD600 nm) was used to study bacterial growth on LDPE as sole carbon source as proof of biodegradation. Both organisms demonstrated steady growth on LDPE over time.

Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Ability to grow on LDPE as a sole carbon source was studied as evidence of polyethylene biodegradation. Organisms were inoculated into MSM and incubated at 37°C and 50°C for 15 days. Maximum growth was recorded after 15 days of incubation for both organisms. P. aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. showed steady growth at 37°C as well as 50 ⁰C. Micrococcus sp. recorded highest growth; 0.324 nm and 0.312 nm at 37°C and 50°C respectively, after 15 days. Similarly, P. aeruginosa recorded highest growth of 0.40 nm and 0.258 nm for 37°C and 50°C respectively. LDPE degradation increased with increase in time.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the enormous polyethylene-degrading potentials of P. aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. isolated from Nsukka, Nigeria.
Recent advances in understanding catalysis of protein folding by molecular chaperones
Authors: Balchin David , Hayer‐Hartl Manajit , Hartl F. Ulrich
Published: May 2020

Molecular chaperones are highly conserved proteins that promote proper folding of other proteins in vivo. Diverse chaperone systems assist de novo protein folding and trafficking, the assembly of oligomeric complexes, and recovery from stress‐induced unfolding. A fundamental function of molecular chaperones is to inhibit unproductive protein interactions by recognizing and protecting hydrophobic surfaces that are exposed during folding or following proteotoxic stress. Beyond this basic principle, it is now clear that chaperones can also actively and specifically accelerate folding reactions in an ATP‐dependent manner. We focus on the bacterial Hsp70 and chaperonin systems as paradigms, and review recent work that has advanced our understanding of how these chaperones act as catalysts of protein folding.
Establishment of gene pools for systematic heterosis exploitation in sugarcane breeding
Authors: Mendes de Paula Thiago Otavio , Brasileiro Bruno Portela , Cursi Danilo Eduardo , de Freitas Edjane Gonçalves , dos Santos João Messias , de Resende Marcos Deon Vilela , Kimbeng Collins , Pereira Barbosa Márcio Henrique
Published: May 2020

In sugarcane (Saccharum spp) breeding, despite the potential use of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) to explore both nonadditive and additive effects for economic value traits, to date, no publications have targeted obtaining heterotic groups to support this selection strategy. The aim of this study was to (a) to identify sugarcane gene pools to effectively explore nonadditive and additive genetic effects via reciprocal recurrent selection, (b) estimate genetic parameters, and (c) select parents and cross combinations. Seventy‐nine sugarcane families were obtained from crossing 38 parents in a crossing scheme known as disconnected factorial design. The families were evaluated in randomized complete block design with five replicates. The statistical genetic analysis was performed with linear mixed models through restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased predictor. The results revealed that nonadditive effects were predominant in explaining genetic variation for cane yield (t ha−1), pol yield (t ha−1), and fiber yield (t ha−1). For brix, fiber and corrected Pol (PCC) traits, additive effects were predominant. Estimates of specific combining ability and pedigree information allowed the establishment of gene pools for systematic heterosis exploitation through RRS breeding efforts. The prediction of the additive genetic values of parents for selection based on the progeny's behavior obtained via disconnected factorial design is an alternative that should be used in sugarcane breeding programs.
Longer incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in older adults
Authors: Kong Tak‐kwan
Published: May 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore any age‐related change in the incubation period of COVID‐19, specifically any difference between older (aged ≥65 years) and younger adults.

Methods

Based on online data released officially by 21 Chinese cities from January 22 to February 15, 2020, the incubation period of COVID‐19 patients who had travelled to Hubei was studied according to age. Previous studies were reviewed and compared.

Results

The study recruited 136 COVID‐19 patients who had travelled to Hubei during January 5‐31, 2020, stayed for 1‐2 days, and returned with symptom onset during January 10‐February 6, 2020. The median age was 50.5 years (range 1‐86 years), and 22 patients (16.2%) were aged ≥65 years. The age‐stratified incubation period was U‐shaped with higher values at extremes of age. The median COVID‐19 incubation period was 8.3 (90% confidence interval [CI], 7.4‐9.2) days for all patients, 7.6 (90% CI, 6.7‐8.6) days for younger adults, and 11.2 (90% CI, 9.0‐13.5) days for older adults. The 5th/25th/75th/90th percentiles were 2.3/5.3/11.3/14.2 days for all, 2.0/5.0/10.5/13.2 days for younger adults, and 3.1/7.8/14.4/17.0 days for older adults. There were 11 published studies on COVID‐19 incubation periods up to March 30, 2020, reporting means of 1.8‐7.2 days, and medians of 4‐7.5 days, but there was no specific study on the effect of age on incubation period. One study showed that severe COVID‐19 cases, which included more elderly patients, had longer incubation periods.

Conclusion

Based on 136 patients with a travel history to Hubei, the epicenter of COVID‐19, the COVID‐19 incubation period was found to be longer in older adults. This finding has important implications for diagnosis, prevention, and control of COVID‐19.
Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus & TCF7L2 gene variants in the Emirati population: Genetics of diabetes in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Khan Saad M. , El Karte Nora , El Hajj Chehadeh Sarah , Hassoun Ahmed , Afandi Bachar , Tay Guan K. , Alsafar Habiba
Published: May 2020

Objective

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a multifactorial etiology involving a complex interplay between genes and the environment. The prevalence of T2DM among the countries of the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC), including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), ranks among the top 15 in the world. A number of studies have shown an increase in T2DM risk for the “TT” genotype at the rs4506565 and rs12255372 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) of the TCF7L2 gene. However, the association between TCF7L2 and T2DM still needs to be investigated in the UAE population. Therefore, this study analyzed the potential associations with rs4506565 and rs12255372 in UAE subjects.

Methods

For this case‐control study, T2DM patients (n = 890) and healthy subjects (n = 686) were genotyped using a Taqman Real‐Time PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed with the resulting data using the R (version 3.3.1) and STATA (version 13) software packages.

Results

The rs12255372 SNP was significantly associated with T2DM (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00‐1.34; P = .042). However, no significant association was found for the rs4506565 SNP (P = .120). After gender stratification, a significant association was found for both SNPs in males (Prs4506565 = .009 and Prs12255372 = .021). Interestingly, we found the interaction between the SNP rs4506565 with gender alone (P = .032) and in conjunction with BMI and age (P = .036) confers associations with T2DM.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the genetic variants of the TCF7L2 gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to T2DM, especially in Emirati males. Our study also highlights the impact of biological and environmental risk factors including age, BMI, and gender on the genetic susceptibility to T2DM.
Association between longest‐held occupation and Social Security Disability Insurance benefits receipt
Authors: Asfaw Abay , Pana‐Cryan Regina , Quay Brian
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The cost of the Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program has increased over time though recent reports showed that disability incidence and prevalence rates have started declining. We explored whether occupation was one of the risk factors for the rising number of disabled workers who received DI benefits during 1992‐2016.

Methods

We used a cohort of 16 196 Health and Retirement Survey respondents between the age of 51 and 64 years who were followed from their date of entry until they received DI benefits, died, reached full retirement age, or reached the end of the follow‐up period (2016). We used the extended stratified Cox proportional hazard model. Because one‐third of the respondents in our cohort did not report their longest‐held occupation, we used a multiple‐imputation method.

Results

The hazard of receiving DI benefits was 51%, 78%, 81%, and 85% higher among workers with longest‐held occupations in sales, mechanics and repair, protective services, and personal services, respectively than among workers with longest‐held occupations in the reference managerial occupation. The hazard of receiving DI benefits was more than double among workers with longest‐held occupations in the construction trade and extractors, transportation operation, machine operators, handlers, and food preparation than among workers with the longest‐held occupation in the reference managerial occupation.

Conclusion

Improving the overall working conditions in these occupations would help reduce worker suffering and the number of applicants for DI benefits, thereby reducing the burden of workplace injury and illness on the DI program.
Hematologic malignancy in tanker crewmembers: A case‐referent study among male Swedish seafarers
Authors: Forsell Karl , Björ Ove , Järvholm Bengt , Nilsson Ralph , Andersson Eva
Published: May 2020

Background

Work on Swedish petroleum tankers before the late 1980s has been associated with an increased risk of hematologic malignancy (HM). Since then, ship modernizations have decreased occupational exposure to gases, including the carcinogen benzene. We explored the risk of HMs in Swedish seafarers who had worked on newer types of tankers.

Methods

A case‐referent study in male seafarers from a cohort of all Swedish seafarers was set up by record linkage with the Swedish Cancer Registry using the subjects' personal identification number. For each case (N = 315), five referents were randomly chosen from within the cohort, matched by birth year and three different periods of first sea service (<1985, 1985‐1991, and ≥1992). Information on the type of ship and dates of service was retrieved from the Swedish Seafarers' Registry. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by conditional logistic regression together with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The OR of HM was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.80‐1.42) for work on tankers. In seafarers that had started to work on tankers ≥1985, the OR was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.50‐1.43). For those who started to work on tankers before 1985, the OR was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.84‐1.21) and 1.32 (95% CI, 0.86‐2.03) if the cumulative time on tankers exceeded 5 years of service. In this last group, the OR of multiple myeloma was 5.39 (95% CI, 1.11‐26.1).

Conclusion

Although limited by crude exposure contrast and a short follow‐up, work on tankers after 1985 was not associated with an increased risk of HM among Swedish seafarers.