bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD276 regulates the immune escape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CXCL1–CXCR2 induced NETs
Authors: Xiong Gan , Chen Zhi , Liu Qianwen , Peng Fang , Zhang Caihua , Cheng Maosheng , Ling Rongsong , Chen Shuang , Liang Yu , Chen Demeng , Zhou Qimin
Published: May 2024

Background

CD276 (B7-H3), a pivotal immune checkpoint, facilitates tumorigenicity, invasiveness, and metastasis by escaping immune surveillance in a variety of tumors; however, the underlying mechanisms facilitating immune escape in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain enigmatic.

Methods

We investigated the expression of CD276 in ESCC tissues from patients by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. In vivo, we established a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced CD276 knockout (CD276wKO) and K14cre; CD276 conditional knockout (CD276cKO) mouse model of ESCC to study the functional role of CD276 in ESCC. Furthermore, we used the 4NQO-induced mouse model to evaluate the effects of anti-CXCL1 antibodies, anti-Ly6G antibodies, anti-NK1.1 antibodies, and GSK484 inhibitors on tumor growth. Moreover, IHC, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to measure immune cell proportions in ESCC. In addition, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to examine the alterations in tumor microenvironment following CD276 depletion.

Results

In this study, we elucidate that CD276 is markedly upregulated in ESCC, correlating with poor prognosis. In vivo, our results indicate that depletion of CD276 inhibits tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC. Furthermore, conditional knockout of CD276 in epithelial cells engenders a significant downregulation of CXCL1, consequently reducing the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap networks (NETs) via the CXCL1–CXCR2 signaling axis, while simultaneously augmenting natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, overexpression of CD276 promotes tumorigenesis via increasing NETs’ formation and reducing NK cells in vivo.

Conclusions

This study successfully elucidates the functional role of CD276 in ESCC. Our comprehensive analysis uncovers the significant role of CD276 in modulating immune surveillance mechanisms in ESCC, thereby suggesting that targeting CD276 might serve as a potential therapeutic approach for ESCC treatment.
DOES THE NEW URBANIZATION POLICY PROMOTE RESIDENTS’ CONSUMPTION EQUALITY IN CHINA?
Authors: ZHAO XIAOLU
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to explore the policy of new urbanization proposed by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on consumption equality between rural migrants and the urban population. This study adopts the data of the 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to find that the new urbanization policy significantly promotes the consumption equality of residents and that the degree of consumption equality of residents participating in urbanization increases by about 1.5% after the implementation of the new policy. In addition, this study finds that household income equality is the channel of the new urbanization policy that affects household consumption equality. The conclusions are found to be robust and effective after several tests are conducted.
On the Parameter Calibration Method for Dual-Spectral Triocular Camera
Authors: Zhao Peng , Cao Yan , Wan Tao R. , Guo Yu
Published: May 2024

The dual-spectrum triocular camera system composed of a binocular visible light camera and mid-infrared camera is used for high-precision thermal fault detection and thermal field reconstruction of industrial equipment. The realization of its function depends on the high-precision camera parameter calibration. The difficulty lies in how to realize the infrared camera calibration quickly and improve the parameter accuracy of multi-lens camera. In this paper, according to the characteristics of the dual-spectral triocular camera system, the theoretical model is constructed, and the circular asymmetric calibration plate under infrared supplementary light is selected as the calibration object through experiments. A method for combining infrared image adaptive histogram enhancement and binarization processing based on the Sauvola algorithm is proposed to effectively calibrate the infrared camera. A global parameter optimization method based on traditional passive vision binocular stereo calibration is proposed. The optimization of experimental parameters finds the reprojection error value is 0.16, which meets the demand of high-precision calibration and solves the problem of difficult-to-calibrate weak image texture of infrared camera and the calibration accuracy of the camera under different imaging capabilities.
On the Use of Pitch-Based Features for Detecting Simultaneous Fear Emotion and Deception Behavior From Speech
Authors: Chebbi Safa , Rekik Wafa , Ben Jebara Sofia
Published: May 2024

In the last years, endowing the machine with emotional and behavioral intelligence has been one of the most challenging issues in the human–computer interaction area. In this context, this paper investigates the detection of simultaneous fear emotion and deception behavior in speech. To do so, a set of 72 pitch-based features has been investigated first to recognize fear and deception separately. Then, different feature selection techniques have been used in order to select the most relevant ones that best discriminate between fear/nonfear and deception/nondeception classes. Next, a decision-level fusion approach based on the belief theory has been proposed to infer whether fear and deception are detected simultaneously. Simulation results carried on databases dealing with fear/nonfear emotions and deception/truth behaviors have shown classification results reaching 83.33% and 72.45% as accuracy rates for fear and deception classifiers, respectively. The proposed fusion approach has revealed a correspondence between fear emotion and deception behavior in speech modality.
Adjustment for Neural Network Autocorrelation Error in Sequence Prediction Based on Frequency Decomposition Algorithm
Authors: Hu Tonghua , Liang Haobin
Published: May 2024

Accurate analysis and prediction of carbon prices are crucial. Nevertheless, their complexity and high volatility pose significant prediction challenges. To address this, we introduce a novel hybrid prediction framework, combining decomposition algorithms with neural networks. Our framework’s core lies in dynamically adjusting data input using the Cochrane–Orcutt procedure, based on the prediction autocorrelation error of component series, enhancing accuracy. To validate its effectiveness, we conducted a comprehensive study using EEX–EUA data, integrating various decomposition algorithms and prediction models. Experimental results reveal that our framework outperforms other algorithms in predicting carbon price.
The Research of EEG Headset of Brain–Computer Interface for Artificial Intelligence-Related Applications
Authors: Qi Wen , Yu Xi
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, a wide range of brain–computer interface (BCI) applications with artificial intelligence (AI) assistance have emerged. While using a head-mounted electroencephalogram (EEG) device for BCI application, it often requires a user to wear the device close to the scalp so that clear EEG signals can be obtained from the head directly. Those signals can be used to determine a user’s mental state. Due to the head size differences between Chinese and European users, as well as the differences between Chinese users themselves, EEG headsets with fixed-electrode-point will enable some electrodes fail to capture a user’s EEG data accurately. Combined with previous research and related design methodology, the design of a head-mounted EEG device is proposed in this paper. In this study, Chinese youth are regarded as the target user group. After evaluating different designs of device structures, the possible positions and movement methods of electrodes, an EEG headset with movable electrodes for young Chinese users is finally delivered.
Algebraic Hidden processes and Hidden Markov processes
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Soueidi El Gheteb , Lu Yun Gang , Souissi Abdessatar
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose an algebraic approach to the definition of Hidden Markov Processes (HMP) which has two advantages: on the one hand, it prepares the ground for the quantum extension of these processes (discussed in the second part of this paper), on the other hand it suggests two natural extensions of these processes: one of them highlights a different notion of conditional independence between the observable and the hidden process; the other one drops the assumption that the hidden process is Markov. The latter extension is motivated by the examples of hidden, but not hidden Markov processes produced in the second part of the paper. Furthermore, we prove that any hidden Markov process can be interpreted as a restriction, to a suitable sub-algebra, of a Markov process.
The strong Brunn–Minkowski inequality and its equivalence with the CD condition
Authors: Magnabosco Mattia , Portinale Lorenzo , Rossi Tommaso
Published: May 2024

In the setting of essentially non-branching metric measure spaces, we prove the equivalence between the curvature dimension condition [Formula: see text], in the sense of Lott–Sturm–Villani [Sturm, On the geometry of metric measure spaces. I, Acta Math. 196(1) (2006) 65–131; On the geometry of metric measure spaces. II, Acta Math. 196(1) (2006) 133–177; Ricci curvature for metric-measure spaces via optimal transport, Ann. of Math. (2) 169(3) (2009) 903–991], and a newly introduced notion that we call strong Brunn–Minkowski inequality [Formula: see text]. This condition is a reinforcement of the generalized Brunn–Minkowski inequality [Formula: see text], which is known to hold in [Formula: see text] spaces. Our result is a first step toward providing a full equivalence between the [Formula: see text] condition and the validity of [Formula: see text], which has been recently proved in [M. Magnabosco, L. Portinale and T. Rossi, The Brunn–Minkowski inequality implies the CD condition in weighted Riemannian manifolds, Nonlinear Anal. 242 (2024) 113502] in the framework of weighted Riemannian manifolds.
On Borel subalgebras of quantum groups
Authors: Lentner Simon , Vocke Karolina
Published: May 2024

For a quantum group, we study those right coideal subalgebras, for which all irreducible representations are one-dimensional. If a right coideal subalgebra is maximal with this property, then we call it a Borel subalgebra.

Besides the positive part of the quantum group and its reflections, we find new unfamiliar Borel subalgebras, for example, ones containing copies of the quantum Weyl algebra. Given a Borel subalgebra, we study its induced (Verma-)modules and prove among others that they have all irreducible finite-dimensional modules as quotients. We give two structural conjectures involving the associated graded right coideal subalgebra, which we prove in certain cases. In particular, they predict the shape of all triangular Borel subalgebras. As examples, we determine all Borel subalgebras of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and discuss the induced modules.
Stability Tests and Simulations of Fold-Fastened Multi-Cellular Steel Walls
Authors: Tong Jing-Zhong , Duan Sheng-Jie , Yang Xiong , Yu Chao-Qun , Tong Gen-Shu
Published: May 2024

To further expand the application range of cold-formed steel (CFS) members in practical engineering, a novel fold-fastened multi-cellular steel wall (FMSW) was introduced and investigated in detail. The FMSWs were mechanically connected by the hook-shaped and groove-shaped regions at both ends of the single limb members, by which the assembly efficiency was greatly improved. In this paper, a total of 10 slender FMSW specimens were subjected to axial compressive loadings, and the failure mode, load–vertical displacement curves, load–lateral displacement curves, and bearing capacity of the specimens were obtained. According to the experimental results, the development and failure modes of the local-global interactive buckling of FMSWs were revealed. All specimens experienced local buckling initially, followed by global buckling, and ultimately interactive buckling. The load–displacement curves exhibited similar trends, being characterized by three stages: the elastic stage, the elastic-plastic stage, and the descending stage. Furthermore, the nonlinear ascending segment was short, indicating that the failure was sudden. By comparing the bearing capacities among specimens, it was recognized that the ultimate resistance of FMSWs could be obtained by the superposition of the cells, and the bearing capacity was rarely affected by the height-to-thickness ratio. Based on the experimental results, refined finite element (FE) models were established and the accuracy and effectiveness of the modeling method were verified. Valuable reference could be provided by the research achievements of this paper for the subsequent research of CFS built-up members and their application in practical engineering.
Cohen–Macaulay weighted oriented edge ideals and its Alexander dual
Authors: Saha Kamalesh , Sengupta Indranath
Published: May 2024

The study of the edge ideal [Formula: see text] of a weighted oriented graph [Formula: see text] with underlying graph [Formula: see text] started in the context of Reed–Muller type codes. We generalize some Cohen–Macaulay constructions for [Formula: see text], which Villarreal gave for edge ideals of simple graphs. Our constructions can be used to produce large classes of Cohen–Macaulay weighted oriented edge ideals. We use these constructions to classify all the Cohen–Macaulay weighted oriented edge ideals, whose underlying graph is a cycle. We also show that [Formula: see text] is Cohen–Macaulay if and only if [Formula: see text] is unmixed and [Formula: see text] is Cohen–Macaulay, where [Formula: see text] denotes the cycle of length [Formula: see text]. Miller generalized the concept of Alexander dual ideals of square-free monomial ideals to arbitrary monomial ideals, and in that direction, we study the Alexander dual of [Formula: see text] and its conditions to be Cohen–Macaulay.
Theoretical proof for the number of errors that one linear code detects/corrects when linear quasigroups of order 4 are used for coding
Authors: Ilievska Natasha
Published: May 2024

In this paper we will analyze one linear code from the theoretical point of view. Namely, the code definition is based on linear quasigroups. In the previous work we classified the quasigroups of order 4 according to their probability of undetected errors. Now, in this paper we will conclude whether the linear quasigroups that are in the same class in this classification obtain equal number of surely detected incorrectly transmitted bits. Also, we will classify the linear quasigroups of order 4 according to the number of errors that the code surely detects when they are used for coding. At the end we will make conclusion which quasigroups of order 4 are overall best for coding having in mind both important parameters for every code for error detection: the number of errors that the code surely detects and the probability of undetected errors.
Green emissive nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for fluorescence off–on probing methimazole via palladium (II) mediated assay
Authors: Xu Hu , Shi Mingwei , Zhang Rui , Huang Zhilong , Wang Yuhong
Published: May 2024

A palladium ion ([Formula: see text])-mediated nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs/Pd[Formula: see text]) was developed as a fluorescent “off–on” probe for methimazole (MZ). Fluorescent N-GQDs interact with Pd[Formula: see text] through coordination interactions, leading to weak photoluminescence (PL) owing to the quenching ability of Pd[Formula: see text]. Upon introducing MZ, the stronger binding between N-GQDs and Pd[Formula: see text] destroys the N-GQDs/Pd[Formula: see text] complex and restores the PL of N-GQDs. The probe exhibits a linear PL response to MZ concentrations from 3.0 to 50.0 [Formula: see text]M with a detection limit down to 4.5 nM. In addition, the probe has been used to detect MZ in real samples including natural water sources and human urine.
Unveiling the waves of mis- and disinformation from social media
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Komendantova Nadejda , Rovenskaya Elena , Yeganegi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

In the digital era, social media platforms have become the focal point for public discourse, with a significant impact on shaping societal narratives. However, they are also rife with mis- and disinformation, which can rapidly disseminate and influence public opinion. This paper investigates the propagation of mis- and disinformation on X, a social media platform formerly known as Twitter. We employ a multidimensional analytical approach, integrating sentiment analysis, wavelet analysis, and network analysis to discern the patterns and intensity of misleading information waves. Sentiment analysis elucidates the emotional tone and subjective context within which information is framed. Wavelet analysis reveals the temporal dynamics and persistence of disinformation trends over time. Network analysis maps the intricate web of information flow, identifying key nodes and vectors of virality. The results offer a granular understanding of how false narratives are constructed and sustained within the digital ecosystem. This study contributes to the broader field of digital media literacy by highlighting the urgent need for robust analytical tools to navigate and neutralize the infodemic in the age of social media.
Identifying Fraud Financial Reports Based on Signs of Income Management Using Machine Learning Technology: The Case of Listed Companies in Vietnam
Authors: Phong Nguyen Anh , Tam Phan Huy , Tung Nguyen Thanh
Published: May 2024

This study aims to use a measure of earnings management to predict companies whose financial statements have problems. This is an identification measure other than common measures to predict financial statement fraud such as measuring by the M-Score or the Z-score model that many previous studies have applied. In the income management measure, the author uses a measure of abnormal cash flow and abnormal expense flow to consider whether the corporate financial statements have problems or not. To do this, the author uses data from listed non-financial enterprises in the period from 2018 to 2022, with machine learning and deep learning algorithms, of which we focus on three main algorithms: ANN, SVM and RF. The results show that identifying problematic financial statements based on abnormal cash flows is quite effective with an accuracy of over 78% for the SVM method, while if using the RF method, the accuracy reaches over 82% but it is required to accept an increased processing time.
A Review on Volar Fracture–Dislocations of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: CHOKE Abby , TAN Ruth En Si , CHEAH Andre Eu-Jin
Published: May 2024

Volar fracture–dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint are rare injuries caused by an axial force on a flexed digit resulting in an avulsion fracture of the dorsal lip of the middle phalanx with volar dislocation of the joint. This volar subtype is analogous to the more common dorsal subtype with a mirror image fracture on the dorsal lip of the middle phalanx. The main significance in this type of injury lies in the disruption of the extensor mechanism at the central slip. The goals of treatment, apart from restoring a congruent and stable joint, is to restore the extensor mechanism to prevent a boutonnière deformity. In this article, we summarise the current literature and discuss the principles for treatment of this uncommon injury.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
The Safety of Volar to Dorsal Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Bennett Fracture–Dislocation – A Cadaveric Study
Authors: TSE Cheuk Bun , ZHU Mark , FISK Matthew Peter James , SEVAO Joshua Andy
Published: May 2024

Background: Bennett fractures are traditionally fixed with percutaneous K-wires from dorsal to volar, or with a volar to dorsal screw via a volar open approach. While volar to dorsal screw fixation is biomechanically advantageous, an open approach requires extensive soft tissue dissection, thus increasing morbidity. This study aims to investigate the practicality and safety of Bennett fracture fixation using a percutaneous, volar to dorsal screw, particularly with regard to the median nerve and its motor branch during wire and screw insertion.

Methods: Fifteen fresh frozen forearm and hand specimens were obtained from the University of Auckland human cadaver laboratory. A guidewire is placed under image intensifier from volar to dorsal with the thumb held in traction, abduction and pronation. The wire is passed through the skin volarly under image intensifier, then the median nerve is dissected from the carpal tunnel and the motor branch of the median nerve (MBMN) is dissected from its origin to where it supplies the thenar musculature. The distance between the K-wire to the MBMN is measured.

Results: In 14 of 15 specimens, the wire was superficial and radial to the carpal tunnel. The mean distance to the origin of the MBMN is 6.2 mm (95% CI 4.1–8.3) with the closest specimen 1 mm away. The mean closest distance the wire gets to any part of the MBMN is 3.7 mm (95% CI 1.6–5.8); in two specimens, the wire was through the MBMN.

Conclusions: Wire placement, although done under image intensifier, is subject to significant variation in exiting location. While research has shown the thenar portal in arthroscopic thumb surgery is safe, our guidewire needs to exit further ulnar to capture the Bennett fracture fragment, placing the MBMN at risk. This cadaveric study has demonstrated the proposed technique is unsafe for use.
Outcomes of Arthrodesis of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb for Sequelae of Collateral Ligament Injuries: A Series of 18 Cases with 6-Year Follow-Up
Authors: VANPOULLE Gaetan , DUCHARNE Louis , IVAN Ioana , CORCELLA Denis , FORLI Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Background: Untreated or insufficiently treated collateral ligament injuries of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint can lead to instability or even osteoarthritis. Arthrodesis is one of the treatment options available for the treatment of the sequelae of collateral ligament injuries. The objective of our study was to evaluate the radiological, clinical and functional outcomes of MP joint arthrodesis performed for sequelae of collateral ligament injuries.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study and reviewed the files of patients who had a thumb MP joint arthrodesis following a collateral ligament injury between 2011 and 2019. We collected patient’s demographic data and the results of the radiological and clinical examinations.

Results: Eighteen patients were included in the study. The average age was of 53.6 years and the time between injury to arthrodesis averaged 7 years. Four patients (22%) had nonunion. In the remaining 14 patients with solid union at an average of 72 months follow-up, the visual analogue pain score at rest was 0.14, the thumb opposition was 82%, grip strength 85%, tip pinch 92% and key pinch 79% of the contralateral side.

Conclusions: The clinical and functional results of patients with a successful arthrodesis are satisfactory with restoration of good grip and pinch strength. Despite a lack of thumb MP joint flexion, stability allowed force transmission and may be preferred for manual workers.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Long-Term Outcomes of Wrist Arthroplasty Using the ReMotion™ Implant in Non-inflammatory Wrist Pathology
Authors: REIGSTAD Ole , HOLM-GLAD Trygve , KORSLUND Johanne , MYHRE Cathrine , THORKILDSEN Rasmus , RØKKUM Magne
Published: May 2024

Background: Wrist arthroplasty is increasingly offered to patients with symptomatic wrist arthritis as an alternative to wrist arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to present our outcomes with the ReMotion™ wrist arthroplasty in a consecutive series of patients with wrist arthritis from non-inflammatory conditions.

Methods: Thirteen (eight women, nine dominant wrists) patients, 68 (44–85) years of age with advanced radiocarpal arthritis due to SLAC/SNAC (11) and Kienbock disease (2) had a ReMotion™ (Stryker, Michigan, USA) wrist arthroplasty implanted, and were prospectively followed for 7 (4–9) years. The outcome measures included patient-rated wrist and hand evaluation (PRWHE) score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) score, visual analogue pain score (0–10) on the radial and ulnar aspect of the wrist at rest (VASrR/VASuR) and activity (VASrA/VASuA), active wrist range of motion (AROM) including flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation, pronation and supination and grip and key-pinch strength measured preoperatively and at yearly follow-ups by independent hand therapists.

Results: Six patients had ten re-operations during the follow-up including four revisions to a new arthroplasty. Four were considered loose at follow-up. A significant reduction in PRWHE (63 to 12), radial pain at activity (6 to 1) and increased pronation (85° v 90°) was observed.

Conclusions: We found a high complication and reoperation rate, two out of 13 had no complications or reoperations. The ReMotion™ arthroplasty should be used with caution in non-inflammatory wrist patients and the patients followed closely. A high reoperation and revision rate can be expected, and surgeons familiar with revision arthroplasty procedures should perform the surgery.

Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Pins and Rubbers Traction System for Treatment of Intraarticular Fractures of Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: KAPLAN G. O. , ÖZDEMİR F. D. M. , UZUN H. , USTUN G. G.
Published: May 2024

Background: The pins and rubber traction system (PRTS) has proven effective in managing intra-articular fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint. However, there is scant evidence in the literature regarding its efficacy in treating distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). This study aims to investigate the outcomes of PRTS in the treatment of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the DIPJ.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with comminuted intra-articular fractures of the DIPJ treated with PRTS between 2017 and 2021. At the final follow-up, we measured and compared the active range of motion (ROM) in both affected and non-injured contralateral fingers. The subjective evaluation utilised the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results: Ten patients with a mean follow-up of 13.2 months (range: 12–17) were included in the study. Fracture locations included the base of the distal phalanx in two patients, the condyle of the middle phalanx in seven and both in one patient. At the final follow-up, the average VAS score was 0.5 (range: 0–2). The average active motion of the DIPJ was 61° (range: 50°–70°) for the injured side and 76° (range: 75°–80°) for the opposite side. The mean range of DIPJ movement was 80% (range: 68%–87%) of the non-injured side. Extension deficits were observed in five patients, with a median deficit value of 10° (range: 5°–10°). The average Quick-DASH score was 2.9 (range: 0–11.3).

Conclusions: The PRTS can be considered as an effective surgical technique in managing comminuted intra-articular fractures of the DIPJ.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Outcomes of the Transungual Approach in 56 Consecutive Digital Subungual Glomus Tumours
Authors: BISWAS Debashis , SIKDAR Saurav , ISLAM Takbirul
Published: May 2024

Background: Glomus tumour is a painful small tumour of the glomus body commonly located under the nail bed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation of clinical diagnosis with MRI findings, determine the prevalence of the tumour at different subungual locations and determine the differences in outcomes (if any) between a longitudinal and a transverse nail bed incision for excision of the tumour.

Methods: This retrospective study of 56 subungual glomus tumour was conducted from May 2010 to December 2021. Data with regard to gender, age at presentation, digit involved, presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms, clinical signs, need for MRI, anatomical location, surgical approach (longitudinal versus transverse), histopathology result, period of follow-up and complications were recorded.

Results: All 56 (100%) patients presented with classic triad of symptoms. The average duration of symptoms was 52.9 months (range: 3–204 months). Eleven (20%) tumours were in the sterile matrix, 38 (68%) at the junction of sterile and germinal matrix and 7 (12%) in the germinal matrix. The tumours were excised through the longitudinal incision in 31 (55.3%) patients and transverse incision in 25 (44.7%). One (1.8%) tumour was intraosseous that was diagnosed intraoperatively and excised successfully. Average follow-up was 35.4 months (range: 6–120 months). There was no difference in outcomes (pain or nail deformity) between the two incisions. One patient (1.8%) has persistent pain that was due to a missed satellite lesion in the same digit. This was excised later with resolution of symptoms. There were no recurrences and all patients were cured after excision of tumour.

Conclusions: Diagnosis of glomus tumour is usually clinical, and most are located at junction of sterile and germinal matrix. Tumour can be excised either by longitudinal or transverse nail bed incisions without any change of treatment outcome.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Shape of a Rotating Slinky
Authors: Kajiyama Yuji
Published: May 2024

If a Slinky suspended in a U-shape is rotated horizontally, it will have the shape of an upside-down [Formula: see text], like [Formula: see text], due to the centrifugal force in the horizontal direction acting on each point of the Slinky. In this paper, we discuss the shape of a rotating Slinky in both theoretical and experimental aspects. The rotating Slinky has the shape described by a multi-valued function if the angular velocity of the rotation satisfies [Formula: see text]. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental observations. The video of the experiments can be viewed at https://youtu.be/rpu9Ol2jdAM .
Molecular Interactions Between Hexanal Schiff Bases and Boron Nanocages: A DFT Approach
Authors: Surendar P. , Jesudoss S. K. , Raja C. , Rajimon K. J. , Thomas Renjith , Pooventhiran T.
Published: May 2024

This study explores the interactions between hexanal Schiff bases and a B12N12 nanocage, employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations to deepen our understanding of noncovalent bonds. Hexanal, a key component in tea, plays a vital role in prolonging the shelf-life of various plant-based products by inhibiting phospholipase-D. Our research initially focused on synthesizing Schiff bases through the condensation of hexanal with nucleobases and an amino acid. We then conducted a series of DFT calculations, including geometry optimizations, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), natural bond orbital (NBO) and noncovalent interactions (NCI) assays, using Gaussian 16 and ORCA 5.0.2 software packages. This study reveals that hexanal Schiff bases form stable complexes with the B12N12 nanocage, exhibiting notable dative coordinate bonding. The FMO analysis indicates a significant energy gap variation among the complexes, with CSB2 showing the lowest energy gap, hinting at its high reactivity. In the LED assay, CSB2 demonstrates the lowest decomposition energy, highlighting its potential stability. The AIMD simulations provide insights into the electronic motions of these complexes, underscoring their dynamic nature. Our NBO analysis offers a comprehensive view of the electron distribution within these complexes, emphasizing the significance of nitrogen and boron atoms in the bonding process. The NCI assay sheds light on the predominant van der Waals and steric interactions contributing to the stability of the complexes. This investigation provides a detailed account of the NCI between hexanal Schiff bases and the B12N12 nanocage. The findings not only contribute to the field of noncovalent bonding in inorganic-fullerene structures but also open avenues for future applications in material science and molecular engineering.
Application of Support Vector Machine in the Evaluation of Table Tennis Motion Profiles
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Veedu Parvathi Nathan Pazhaya , Halkon Benjamin , Chou Siaw Meng
Published: May 2024

Racket sports such as table tennis involve a wide range of three-dimensional complex spatial movements of the human body and the racket. Novice players might benefit from the evaluation of the motion profile of the racket to facilitate better adoption of more expert movement. Computer-based evaluation of such novice vs. expert play behavior characteristics includes reducing the required multiple human interactions and easy applicability for subsequent automation to accurately differentiate the motion profile of a novice player from that of an expert. This study has, for the first time, applied the widely used support vector machine (SVM) classification technique for the development of a table tennis player movement evaluation model. The model was trained using an existing dataset of displacements and velocities from various important anatomical landmarks across the body and points on the racket. These were obtained and evaluated for table tennis forehand strokes for two subgroups of expert and novice ability levels, respectively. Different combinations of variables were selected for model input from the same dataset with the outcomes being noted for each. The resulting SVM classification model exhibited good/noteworthy performance ([Formula: see text]% accuracy) in distinguishing racket motion between expert and novice players.
The Retina-Based Visual Cycle
Authors: Sato Shinya , Kefalov Vladimir J.
Published: May 2024

The continuous function of vertebrate photoreceptors requires regeneration of their visual pigment following its destruction upon activation by light (photobleaching). For rods, the chromophore required for the regeneration of rhodopsin is derived from the adjacent retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells through a series of reactions collectively known as the RPE visual cycle. Mounting biochemical and functional evidence demonstrates that, for cones, pigment regeneration is supported by the parallel supply with chromophore by two pathways—the canonical RPE visual cycle and a second, cone-specific retina visual cycle that involves the Müller glial cells in the neural retina. In this article, we review historical information that led to the discovery of the retina visual cycle and discuss what is currently known about the reactions and molecular components of this pathway and its functional role in supporting cone-mediated vision.
Haematologic and Urologic Manifestations of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Morgan Jessica , Vardanega John , Yue Mimi , Gassiep Ian
Published: May 2024

Cryptococcus neoformans classically causes pulmonary and central nervous system (CNS) infection in immunocompromised hosts and can lead to disseminated disease. Two cases of atypical cryptococcal infection are presented—an elderly Human Immunodeficiency Virus- (HIV-) negative male with a urinary source of infection and a young HIV-positive male with bone marrow infiltration complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). A literature review of systemic cryptococcal infections involving the genitourinary tract and bone marrow was performed. These cases highlight the importance of clinicians considering uncommon manifestations of cryptococcal disease.
A Rare Case of a Good Neurological Outcome following Traumatic Foix‐Chavany‐Marie Syndrome
Authors: Arki Katalin , Degen Christian , Gruber Philipp , Cioccari Luca
Published: May 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have profound acute and chronic effects, leading to permanent disabilities and diminished quality of life. Pseudobulbar palsy and its infrequent subtype, Foix‐Chavany‐Marie Syndrome (FCMS), represent rare complications of TBI, manifesting as deficits in craniofacial motor function and automatic‐voluntary dissociation. We present a case of a 58‐year‐old male who developed FCMS following severe TBI from a cycling accident. Initial imaging revealed extensive brain injury with subsequent development of FCMS characterised by bilateral cranial nerve dysfunction, notably facio‐pharyngo‐glosso‐masticatory diplegia with preserved automatic motor function. This case contributes to the limited literature on traumatic FCMS, highlighting its distinct clinical features and potential for favourable outcomes compared to nontraumatic cases. Early recognition and comprehensive management, including supportive therapy and addressing underlying conditions, are paramount for optimising patient outcomes.
On Spectral Radius and Energy of a Graph with Self-Loops
Authors: Vivek Anchan Deekshitha , H. J. Gowtham , D’Souza Sabitha
Published: May 2024

The spectral radius of a square matrix is the maximum among absolute values of its eigenvalues. Suppose a square matrix is nonnegative; then, by Perron–Frobenius theory, it will be one among its eigenvalues. In this paper, Perron–Frobenius theory for adjacency matrix of graph with self-loops AGS will be explored. Specifically, it discusses the nontrivial existence of Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue and eigenvector pair in the matrix AGS−σnI, where σ denotes the number of self-loops. Also, Koolen–Moulton type bound for the energy of graph GS is explored. In addition, the existence of a graph with self-loops for every odd energy is proved.
Extraction of series resistance and mobility degradation parameter in MOSFETs using iterative method
Authors: Maouhoub Noureddine , Rais Khalid
Published: May 2024

Series resistance and mobility attenuation parameter are parasitic phenomena that limit the scaling of advanced MOSFETs. In this work, an iterative method is proposed to extract the series resistance and mobility degradation parameter in short channel MOSFETs. It also allows us to extract the surface roughness amplitude. The principle of this method is based on the exponential model of effective mobility and the least squares methods. From these, two analytical equations are obtained to determine the series resistance and the low field mobility as function of the mobility degradation. The mobility attenuation parameter is extracted using an iterative procedure to minimize the root means squared error (RMSE) value. The results obtained by this technique for a single short channel device have shown the good agreement with measurements data at strong inversion.
Prototype of LPG gas leakage detector using flame sensor and MQ-2 sensor
Authors: Gusdevi Harya , Setya P Ade , Zulaeha Puji Handini
Published: May 2024

The conversion of kerosene uses in household to gas, in addition to the decision of the Republic of Indonesia minister in relation to the movement of kerosene to gas, gas also given an affordable price, how to use it more effectively. But the public is also expected to be careful about how to use it, because the gas is explosive and leaking causing unpleasant odor (gas leak) even a more dangerous side effect is the explosion of gas cylinders. To evercome these problems then need a tool that can detect gas leakage, in order to prevent gas leakage early. Therefore, the authors designed a device that can detect gas leakage by using Sensor Mq-2 and will issue sound gas alarm warning leak by Modul ISD 1760, and will stop the gas flow from the tube to the stove using a Solenoid Valve. There is also a Flame Sensor’s hardware to detect a fire if there is a spark emerging and spraying water into spots that are likely to spark fire. All hardware will be in if using ATMega 328microcontroller.Monitoring can use android smartphone, with the application that can send a warning to the mobile phone.
Building a multilingual ontology for education domain using monto method
Authors: Florrence Merlin
Published: May 2024

Ontologies are emerging technology in building knowledge based information retrieval systems. It is used to conceptualize the information in human understandable manner. Knowledge based information retrieval are widely used in the domain like Education, Artificial Intelligence, Healthcare and so on. It is important to provide multilingual information of those domains to facilitate multi-language users. In this paper, we propose a multilingual ontology (MOnto) methodology to develop multilingual ontology applications for education domain. New algorithms are proposed for merging and mapping multilingual ontologies.
Feature analysis of ontology visualization methods and tools
Authors: Joseph Merlin Florrence , Lourdusamy Ravi
Published: May 2024

Visualization is a technique of creating images, graphs or animations to share knowledge. Different kinds of visualization methods and tools are available to envision the data in an efficient way. The visualization tools and techniques enable the user to understand the knowledge in an easy manner. Nowadays most of the information is presented semantically which provides knowledge based retrieval of the information. Knowledge based visualization tools are required to visualize semantic concepts. This article analyses the existing semantic based visualization tools and plug-ins. The features and characteristics of these tools and plug-ins are analyzed and tabulated.
Genome feature optimization and coronary artery disease prediction using cuckoo search
Authors: Neelima E. , Babu M. S. Prasad
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are among the major health ailment issue leading to millions of deaths every year. In recent past, analyzing gene expression data, particularly using machine learning strategies to predict and classify the given unlabeled gene expression record is a generous research issue. Concerning this, a substantial requirement is feature optimization, which is since the overall genes observed in human body are closely 25000 and among them 636 are cardiovascular related genes. Hence, it complexes the process of training the machine learning models using these entire cardiovascular gene features. This manuscript uses bidirectional pooled variance strategy of ANOVA standard to select optimal features. Along the side to surpass the constraint observed in traditional classifiers, which is unstable accuracy at k-fold cross validation, this manuscript proposed a classification strategy that build upon the swarm intelligence technique called cuckoo search. The experimental study indicating that the number of optimal features those selected by proposed model is substantially low that compared to the other contemporary model that selects features using forward feature selection and classifies using support vector machine classifier (FFS&SVM). The experimental study evinced that the proposed model, which selects feature by bidirectional pooled variance estimation and classifies using proposed classification strategy that build on cuckoo search (BPVE&CS) outperformed the selected contemporary model (FFS&SVM).
Hand gesture recognition using machine learning algorithms
Authors: B Abhishek , Krishi Kanya , M Meghana , Daaniyaal Mohammed , H S Anupama
Published: May 2024

Gesture recognition is an emerging topic in today’s technologies. The main focus of this is to recognize the human gestures using mathematical algorithms for human computer interaction. Only a few modes of human-computer interaction exist, they are: through keyboard, mouse, touch screens etc. Each of these devices has their own limitations when it comes to adapting more versatile hardware in computers. Gesture recognition is one of the essential techniques to build user-friendly interfaces. Usually, gestures can be originated from any bodily motion or state, but commonly originate from the face or hand. Gesture recognition enables users to interact with the devices without physically touching them. This paper describes how hand gestures are trained to perform certain actions like switching pages, scrolling up or down in a page.
An optimized rubber sheet model for normalization phase of iris recognition
Authors: S Selvamuthukumaran , T Ramkumar , SP Shantharajah
Published: May 2024

Iris recognition is a promising biometric authentication approach and it is a very active topic in both research and realistic applications because the pattern of the human iris differs from person to person, even between twins. In this paper, an optimized iris normalization method for the conversion of segmented image into normalized form has been proposed. The existing methods are converting the Cartesian coordinates of the segmented image into polar coordinates. To get more accuracy, the proposed method is using an optimized rubber sheet model which converts the polar coordinates into spherical coordinates followed by localized histogram equalization. The experimental result shows the proposed method scores an encouraging performance with respect to accuracy.
Modification data attack inside computer systems: A critical review
Authors: Kaviani J Vahid , Doval Amiri Parvin Ahmadi , Brujeni Farsad Zamani , Akhlaghi Nima
Published: May 2024

This paper is a review of types of modification data attack based on computer systems and it explores the vulnerabilities and mitigations. Altering information is a kind of cyber-attack during which intruders interfere, catch, alter, take, or erase critical data on the personal computers (PCs) and applications through using network exploit or by running malicious executable codes on victim's system. One of the most difficult and trendy areas in information security is to protect the sensitive information and secure devices from any kind of threats. Latest advancements in information technology in the field of information security reveal huge amount of budget funded for and spent on developing and addressing security threats to mitigate them. This helps in a variety of settings such as military, business, science, and entertainment. Considering all concerns, the security issues almost always come at first as the most critical concerns in the modern time. As a matter of fact, there is no ultimate security solution; although recent developments in security analysis are finding daily vulnerabilities, there are many motivations to spend billions of dollars to ensure there are vulnerabilities waiting for any kind of breach or exploit to penetrate into the systems and networks and achieve particular interests. In terms of modifying data and information, from old-fashioned attacks to recent cyber ones, all of the attacks are using the same signature: either controlling data streams to easily breach system protections or using non-control-data attack approaches. Both methods can damage applications which work on decision-making data, user input data, configuration data, or user identity data to a large extent. In this review paper, we have tried to express trends of vulnerabilities in the network protocols’ applications.
Impact of encryption and decryption techniques for high speed optical domain
Authors: Rishabh Singh  , Ghanendra Kumar  , Chakresh Kumar
Published: May 2024

This project proposes the design of ultrafast communication circuit which can enable the high speed secured data transmission at 50 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s by the use of distributed raman amplifier, erbium–doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), filter, single mode fiber along with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and attenuators. The simulation of the suggested optical circuit involves the use of parameters of Raman amplifier and EDFA and other components included in the optical structure. The design also includes the use of encryption and decryption techniques to ensure secured communication. Thus, realization of these circuits at 50 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s will enable the future optical communication applications for ultrafast data transmission to large distances.