bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Dosis Pemupukan N terhadap Kualitas Biji Kakao di Punung Pacitan
Authors: Utami Riris Rahayu , Purnomo Djoko , Yunindanova Mercy Bientri
Published: December 2018

Punung is a village in Pacitan Regency which potentiall for cultivating of cocoa, on the contrary it produces low seeds quality. This condition is caused by unintensive fertilization and low light intensity caused by shading. The effort to increase cocoa seed quality was by light compensation and the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The purpose of this reseach was to determine of optimum N dosage fertilizer for inproving seed quality. The research was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design with one factor which is the varies N dosages (0 as control, 820, 870, and 920 gram plant-1 year-1), level of radiation represented as blocks. Nitrogen fertilization was applicated three times. Fertilization of P (SP36) and K (KCl), 1390 and 1000 gram tree-1 year-1 respectively. The observation variables are soil character, micro climate, leaf anatomi, physical and chemical seed quality. The result showed that N fertilizer influenced positively toward increasing potassium (K) content in leaf tissue on the first and second month, while on the third month no significant influence toward N, P and K content. However there was preference of increased N, P and K content in leaf tissue on each month although in small rise number. In the leaves tissue, there was detected that nitrogen proportion was larger than potassium and phosphorus. N fertilizer increased the physical and chemical seed quality (protein and fat content). Optimum dosage was 870 gram tree-1 year-1, highest weight of 100 seed (146 gram) and seed quality was categorized as grade 1.
Jarak Tanam Berbeda pada Uji Daya Hasil Lima Varietas Jagung Hibrida
Authors: Maharani Putri Dewangga , Yunus Ahmad , Harjoko Dwi
Published: December 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most important cereal crop of Indonesia after rice. The productivity of corn in Central Java province in 2015 was increased that considered as relatively low. Maize productivitiy needs to be improved to supply the requirement of people through of plant spacing and use the hybrid maize varieties. The aims of study was to determine the effectiveness level of plant spacing, to test the best hybrid maize varieties, and test the combination of two treatments to optimize the yield potential hybrid maize. This study has been conducted from June until October 2017, at Desa Srimartani, Kecamatan Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This study was arranged in Split Plot Design consisting of two factors that have been researched, varieties (ABCD, EFGH, NK6172, P27 and DK77) and plant spacing (70 x 20 cm, 75 x 20 cm, and 75 x 25 cm). The results show that treatment of varieties mostly can increase all of variable analysis but there is no interaction on both treatment except plant height, fresh and dry biomass weight. Variable of plant height, tasseling and silking, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, kernel seeds weight per plot, 100 seeds weight, yields per hectare show that the highest average is variety of P27. While treatment of plant spacing has no effect because the interval between treatments plant spacing is too close therefore it shows insignificantly different result. The highest dry kernel product on variety treatment P27 (8,82 ton ha-1), followed by DK77 (8,53 ton ha-1), ABCD (8,50 ton ha1), NK6172 (8,34 ton ha-1), and EFGH (7,13 ton ha-1).
Epizootic Activity of Plague Natural Foci in the Russian Federation in 2010 and Prognosis for 2011
Authors: Popov N. V. , Bezsmertny V. E. , Matrosov A. N. , Nemchenko L. S. , Verzhutsky D. B. , Maletskaya O. V. , Udovikov A. I. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Knyazeva T. V. , Shilova L. D. , Gorshenko V. V. , Popov V. P. , Toporkov V. P. , Toporkov A. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

The results of epizootiological surveillance in 11 plague natural foci in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2010 are presented in this review. The short-term prognosis of foci epizootic activity is performed based on the analysis of data on epizootic activity, the conditions of plague carrier and vector populations, and abiotic factors influence on their living conditions.
Epidemiological Situation on Anthrax in the Russian Federation: Analysis of Morbidity in 2010, Prognosis for 2011
Authors: Ryazanova A. G. , Eremenko E. I. , Buravtseva N. P. , Tsygankova O. I. , Tsygankova E. A. , Aksenova L. Yu. , Golovinskaya T. M. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

Analysis of epidemiological situation on anthrax in the Russian Federation and all over the world in 2010 is carried out. Prognosis of morbidity for 2011 is presented.
Principles of Standardization of Epidemiological and Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Toporkov A. V. , Kologorov A. I. , Toporkov V. P. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Kazakova E. S. , Sharova I. N. , Osina N. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Suggested and substantiated is the integrated algorithm for diagnostics of dangerous infectious diseases that require measures on sanitary protection of territories using clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnostic standards. These standards are based on criteria for detection of suspected, probable and confirmed cases, with consideration for clinical manifestations, epidemiological anamnesis and laboratory analysis results. Distinguished and described are two stages for diagnosis of new infectious diseases that represent an emergency in the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.
Structure and Functional Role of Bacterial CRISPR System
Authors: Shashkova A. V. , Goryaev A. A. , Smirnova N. I.
Published: December 2018

Presented is the review of literature data on the recently discovered system of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), which takes part in the defense against penetration of alien genetic information in prokaryotes. CRISPR structural peculiarities and functions, and putative mechanism of action are described. Also presented are data on the availability of this system in particularly dangerous infections agents and on the possibility of its application for molecular typing.
Results of the Test-Run of the Computer Software Model Support System for Managerial Decision Making
Authors: Safronov V. A. , Lopatin A. A. , Razdorsky A. S. , Kuklev E. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Kovtunov A. I. , Piskunova N. V. , Kabin V. V. , Shendo G. L. , Maletskaya O. V. , Bachinsky A. G. , Polovinkina A. V.
Published: December 2018

Considered is the experience of development of the decision support system (DSS) in the sphere of biological safety provision. Described are the objectives, functions, and architecture of DSS. Represented are the results of operational program-testing in the model territory (the Astrakhan region). Indicated is the effectiveness of DSS for information support of the control activity over internal and external biosafety hazards. Determined are the directions for further development of DSS.
Brucellosis Epidemiological Situation and Its Morbidity in the Russian Federation in 2011, and Prognosis for 2012
Authors: Lyamkin G. I. , Tikhenko N. I. , Manin E. A. , Rusanova D. V. , Golovneva S. I. , Vilinskaya S. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

Presented is the analysis of brucellosis morbidity, both in humans and animals, in the Russian Federation in 2007-2011. Evaluated is epizootic and epidemic situation on the disease. Epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation remains unfavorable and has a tendency to deterioration. Moreover, it is expected that the incidence of brucellosis in humans will rise in 2012.
Epizootiological-and-Epidemiological Situation in Natural Tularemia Foci of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts in 2011, and Prognosis for 2012
Authors: Okunev L. P. , Mazepa A. V. , Chesnokova M. V. , Verzhutsky D. B.
Published: December 2018

Presented is a piece of information about the situation in natural tularemia foci and human morbidity in the territory of Siberia and Far East in 2011. Outlined is the prognosis of epizootic situation for 2012. In 2011, sporadic morbidity was registered in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, and Omsk Regions. Isolated cases of the disease were identified in the Altai Territory, in the Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous district, and the Sakhalin Region. Specified is the fact that in 2011 epizooties were of a local scale, and the situation on tularemia on the whole was favorable. Nevertheless, the possibility of aggravation of the situation in some territories in 2012 is not ruled out completely.
Linear Regression Models Used for the Description of Long-Term Epizootic Process in Tuvinian Natural Plague Focus (Karginsk Mezofocus)
Authors: Kol N. A. , Chul'dum A. F. , Rostovtsev M. G. , Kalush Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

The results of modeling showed the dependence of epizootic activity in Tuvinian natural plague focus on climatic conditions (average monthly amount of precipitations in the current year and the preceding four years and temperatures in the current and the preceding three years). The multiple linear regression models were used to predict the activity of zoonosis development within a year. The models obtained by means of stepwise regression were most approximated to the natural zoonotic process. The amount of precipitations in winter months and temperature in spring and summer were of the greatest significance for epizootic activity.
Modern Conception of the Control over the Abundance of Carriers and Vectors of Plague in the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Matrosov A. N. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Knyazeva T. V. , Verzhutsky D. B. , Nikitin A. Ya. , Nemchenko L. S. , Grigor'ev M. P. , Levchenko B. I. , Bobenko O. A. , Gazieva A. Yu. , Korotkov V. B.
Published: December 2018

Disinfestation and deratization remain the main ways of non-specific disease prophylaxis in natural plague foci. Modern strategies, tactics, methods and means of control over carriers and vectors of plague and associated infectious diseases are selected with due consideration to epidemiological potential of territories, epizootic activity of a foci, peculiarities of population ecology of animals that are of a medical significance, preservation of biodiversity in natural ecosystems, and the requirements for human and natural environments protection from pollutants.
Climate and Transformation of Ecosystems by the Example of Natural Plague Foci of South-East of Russia
Authors: Udovikov A. I. , Popov N. V. , Samoilova L. V. , Tolokonnikova S. I.
Published: December 2018

Shown was the influence of modern day warming and some other factors on natural plague foci of the European South-East of Russia. Analyzed were the basic mechanisms of transformation of biocenotic structure of natural foci complexes. It was shown that the tendency of gradual change of dominant carriers species would be preserved due to further warming of climate. As a result, the expansion of polyhostal natural foci of plague of semidesert type would be continued.
Modern Technologies for Examination of Three-Dimensional (3-D) Ultra-Fine Structure and Visualization of Microorganisms
Authors: Konnov N. P. , Volkov Yu. P. , Kuznetsov O. S.
Published: December 2018

Outlined is a review of the literature data on the modern technologies for examination of the spatial (3-D) submicroscopic structural arrangement of biological objects with a high spatial resolution. Capacities of the instrumental visualization and analysis of a three-dimensional biological object significantly facilitate the overall characterization of its structural-functional properties.
Production of Rabbit Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Using Cultural Antigen
Authors: Generalov S. V. , Abramova E. G. , Matveeva Zh. V. , Zhulidov I. M. , Lobovikova O. A. , Savitskaya L. V. , Minaeva L. N. , Galkina M. V. , Mikheeva T. A. , Komissarov A. V. , Kireev M. N. , Nikiforov A. K.
Published: December 2018

Justified is the possibility of application of fixed rabies virus Moscow 3253, reproduced on the cell culture Vero, as an antigen for heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin production. Application of the adjuvant - aluminium hydrate - is determined to be effective. Herein, by the day 73 post immunization, specific antibodies titer is ≥ 1:500 (wherein specific activity has been identified by means of neutralization test, carried out on white mice, and dot-blot immunoassay). The level of specific activity in experimental samples of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, isolated from rabbit immune serum, corresponds to 332 and 347 ME/ml. Physicochemical and biological properties of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, produced with the help of cultural antigen, fully comply with regulatory requirements specified for commercial preparation of heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin.
Development and Main Stages of Introduction of the Preparation “Cholera O139 Diagnostic Fluorescent Immunoglobulins”
Authors: Alenkina T. V. , Bochkareva G. V. , Sayapina L. V. , Kasina I. V. , Shul’Gina I. V. , Lobovikova O. A. , Abramova E. G. , Gromova O. V. , Nikiforov A. K.
Published: December 2018

– for environmental objects. Application of the preparation for practical purposes was considered to be promising, and it was recommended for State registration as a product of medical application.
Principles of Organization and Carrying out of Laboratory Diagnostics in the Mobile Indication Laboratory Used for Epizootiological Surveillance over Particularly Dangerous and Other Natural Foci Infections
Authors: Sharova I. N. , Kazakova E. S. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Shcherbakov D. A. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Samoylova L. V. , Toporkov A. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Determined are optimal structure and basic principles of organization of work in the mobile indication laboratory for carrying-out of epizootiological surveillance over particularly dangerous and other natural foci infections. Outlined are the requirements to the laboratory itself, to specialists, and organization of investigations too. All the measures mentioned above will allow to entrench the order of laboratory diagnostics conducted in the mobile laboratory in case of epizootiological surveillance over natural foci of particularly dangerous infectious diseases.
Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Anthrax in the Territories of Russia Bordering Mongolia
Authors: Dugarzhapova Z. F. , Chesnokova M. V. , Rodzikovsky A. V.
Published: December 2018

Carried out is the analysis of epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the Republics of Altai, Buryatia and Tuva and the Trans-Baikal Region bordering Mongolia for the period of 1985–2010. The Republics of Buryatia and Tuva, and the Trans-Baikal Region are the territories with unsafe epizootiological and epidemiological situation, while the Altai Republic is relatively safe territory in this regard. Long extension of frontiers, intensification of trade and economic cooperation, passenger and cargo traffic increase, and existence of soil foci predetermine the necessity of inter-state partnership in monitoring these foci and making forecast on anthrax epizootiological and epidemiological situation.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness as to the Provision of Biological Safety of Works with Fixed Rabies Virus in the Process of Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Manufacturing
Authors: Nikiforov A. K. , Abramova E. G. , Eremin S. A. , Lyapin M. N.
Published: December 2018

Analyzed is the performance of works with the strains of fixed rabies virus under the conditions of anti-rabies immunoglobulin manufacturing. Evaluated is the effectiveness of the established system for the provision of biological safety, which has allowed for safe manufacturing of anti-rabies immunoglobulin within the period of 12 years.
Examination of the Ultrastructure of Two Phenotypically Different Clones of V. cholerae by Means of Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Konnov N. P. , Zadnova S. P. , Kuznetsov O. S.
Published: December 2018

Submitted are the data of examination of the ultrastructure of two phenotypically different clones (toxigenic and non-toxigenic) of V. cholerae Dakka35 strain by means of electron microscopy. Additional layer (capsule) of polysaccharide nature is identified on the surface of non-toxigenic clone bacteria. This layer (absent in toxigenic clone) alters colony morphology.
Detection of New Variable DNA Loci That Distinguish Medievalis Biovar Strains of Plague Agent from the Strains of Other Biovars
Authors: Odinokov G. N. , Nikiforov K. A.
Published: December 2018

Variable chromosome loci have been searched, that differentiate Yersinia pestis strains of medievalis from antiqua biovars. The strains of medievalis biovar are shown to possess two deletions – 183 and 70 bps. The first deletion, localized in the inter-gene region aceA – aceK is present in the majority of medievalis biovar strains, the second one, in the gene y1694 , is determined in all medievalis biovar strains isolated in the territory of Russia and neighboring countries.
Analysis of Genetic Variability of Yersinia pestis Strains (Medieval Biovar) Isolated in Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and Mongolia
Authors: Pavlova A. I. , Eroshenko G. A. , Odinokov G. N. , Koukleva L. M. , Shavina N. Yu. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Carried out is the analysis of genetic peculiarities of Yersinia pestis strains (main ssp.), isolated in natural foci of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. Determined is the fact that strains of medieval biovar characterized by typical glpD1 napA2 rhaS1 genotype circulate in 7 out of 9 marmot and sandy-type foci. Strains of antique biovar characterized by glpD1 napA1 rhaS1 genotype prevail in the Trans-Baikal steppe foci. Y. pestis strains from Tuva mountain focus have similar genotype, which correlates with denitrification activity and absence of marker mutation of medieval biovar – single nucleotide substitution G→T in the 613 position of napA gene, and testifies to affiliation of these strains to antique biovar. Among Y. pestis strains isolated in Mongolia, identified are two atypical strains incapable of reducing nitrates but pertinent to antique biovar.
RAMÍREZ GARCÍA, Tania Jesús. Traducción de la metáfora poética desde un enfoque comunicativo: metáfora lorquiana. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Servicio de Publicaciones-Fundación Mapfre Guanarteme. 2009. 131 pp. ISBN 978-8492777372.
Authors: Martinez Víctor Anguita
Published: December 2018

Reseña de la monografía incluida en el título.
Perfil y competencias del audiodescriptor en España
Authors: Sanz-Moreno Raquel
Published: December 2018

El audiodescriptor es la figura que garantiza el acceso de las personas ciegas a contenidos audiovisuales (teatro, cine, museos, etc.) a los que, dada la discapacidad de estos receptores, no pueden acceder. Pero a pesar del papel protagonista que ocupa en la audiodescripción (AD), hasta el momento no se han realizado estudios empíricos que analicen con profundidad el perfil socio-profesional del descriptor en España. Este artículo propone un acercamiento a la figura del audiodescriptor mediante un estudio exploratorio cualitativo. A través de un cuestionario que combina preguntas abiertas y cerradas, hemos recabado las opiniones y experiencias de catorce audiodescriptores que ofrecen habitualmente servicios de AD en el mercado español. Los resultados nos han permitido esbozar un perfil del audiodescriptor español (formación y situación laboral), establecer las características generales de los encargos más frecuentes de AD (clientes, plazos, tipos de AD más demandadas etc.) y evaluar las competencias descritas por Díaz Cintas hace una década como necesarias o recomendables para el ejercicio profesional de la AD (2006), atendiendo a la realidad del mercado español actual. Todo ello ha favorecido una reflexión sobre la situación de estos profesionales y los retos que les acechan de cara al futuro.
Determination of Limiting Resistance for Dilatant Soil to Shearing While Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Popov О. V. , Popova Yu. B. , Yatsynovich S. V.
Published: December 2018

Modern geotechnical pile manufacturing technologies allow to solve many engineering problems in construction with significant economic effect and reduction of work schedule. However a theoretical justification for these technologies is significantly lagging behind from their practical application. A constrained dilatancy factor is considered as the main reserve of pile bearing capacity in loose soils. Understanding of such approach opens a way to improvement of geotechnical pile manufacturing technologies that provide an active impact on base soil and its ultimate stress state which is determined by the ratio of soil resistance to shearing and normal stresses, or main stresses on a shear site at the moment of failure. Determination of total normal stresses in the shearing plane according to density of loose soil, its granulometric composition and constrained dilatancy conditions makes it possible to determine an ultimate resistance of the soil to shear, and, consequently, its strength. The proposed elastic-plastic model of dilatant soil in shear state being realized according to the adopted technology which was developed while using a special dilatometric shearing device has made it possible to obtain additional data on dilatant normal stresses and strength parameters of the soil depending on its density, granulometric composition and constrained dilatancy conditions. The use of artificial neural networks in the mathematical processing of experimental data has permitted to develop an analytical method for determining an ultimate resistance of loose soil to shearing process under constrained dilatancy conditions and carry out calibration of the calculated parameters of the adopted soil model. It has been proved that soil strength is a function of fracture conditions, which are determined by friction and dilatancy. In this case a conventional Coulomb-Mora strength theory for loose soils is valid both for free dilatation conditions and constrained shear but with due account of additional normal dilatant stresses.
On Photocatalytic Activity of Systems of Titania/(Fe (II, III))-Type in Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Gorbunova V. A. , Sliapniova L. M.
Published: December 2018

. The photocatalytic activity of three systems, promising for chemical water purification technologies, was experimentally compared, based on a combination of titanium dioxide/(Fe(II, III)), applying to the model oxidation reaction of methylorange organic dye in an aqueous medium. Herewith the cases of photocatalytic systems were investigated, which are based on: a) titania hydrosol obtained by hydrolysis of titanium isobutylate; b) a similar hydrosol with addition of Fe(III) ions; c) suspension of ilmenite powder based on FeTiO3. As a result of the investigation, the increase of the rate of destruction of methylorange by more than two times was found in the system with the introduction of a small amount of iron ions into initial suspension of the TiO2 hydrosol (at the obtaining a medium with the Fe3+ concentration up to 3.7 × 10–5 M). In the photocatalytic system, based on the suspension of pretreated (with suphation and calcination) ilmenite powder, enough high photocatalytic activity (the degree of methylorange decomposition up to 77 %) was measured but at a higher exposure than for the case of systems based on the TiO2 hydrosol. For the photocatalytic systems of the type being investigated, a possible mechanism of increasing their oxidative activity was briefly considered, which requires an additional physico-chemical analysis.
Dynamics Modelling of Film Motion at Unit for of Polymeric Film Material Production
Authors: Irapetiants G. M. , Kozhevnikov M. M. , Ulianov N. I.
Published: December 2018

New effective dynamic models for motion of polymeric film have been proposed in the paper. These models in contrast to known ones take in to account deformation processes which occur at a unit for polymer-film materials production. It has been shown that the deformation process of a polуmer film in intersectional area determined by its tension depends on ratio of linear section velocities and tension and deformation values in these sections. An analysis of the proposed dynamic models of polymer film motion has shown that a decrease in its deformations in every zone of the unit can be achieved both by changing ratio of input and output velocities and introducing a compensator for perturbing influences due to deformations of the film at the entrance to the zone. Possible channels for automatic control of the unit for polymer-film material production have been identified with the aim of improving quality of products. While using the proposed dynamic models it has been demonstrated that it is necessary to apply systems for automatic measuring of section rotation speed and film tension in the unit for polymer-film material production in order to ensure effective control over an extrusion process. The proposed dynamic model can be efficiently used to create an adaptive system which is applied to control a multi-motor drive of the unit for of polymer-film material production.
Synthesis, Characterization of Poly Heterocyclic Compounds, and Effect on Cancer Cell (Hep-2) In vitro.
Authors: Nief Olfat A. , Abdullah Ebtihal k. , Alzahawy Hala M. G. , Jasim Marwa N.
Published: December 2018

A synthesis series of new heterocyclic derivatives (A2-A7) (pyrrole, pyridazine, oxazine and imidazol) derived from 4-acetyl-2,5-dichloro-1-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate(A1) have been synthesised. Synthesis of compound (A2) by the reaction of starting material (A1) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the presence of pyridine. Compound (A2) was reacted with hydrazine hydrate in dry benzene to give (A3) derivative. The compound )A3( deals with sodium nitrite to give diazonium salt, and the reaction diazonium salt with ethyl acetoacetate to produce compound (A4). To a mixture of compound (A4) and hydroxyl amine with sttired to yield (A5).Compound (A6) was prepared by reaction compound (A4) with thiosemicarbazide in presence of drops of acetic acid. Synthesis of 1compound (A7) by reaction compound (A6) with ethyl chloro acetate. The reactions have been monitored by TLC and the synthesized compounds were characterized using spectrophotometric methods FT-IR, 1H NMR.The biological effects of the prepared compounds on the cancer cells were studied in vitro. The results indicated that these Synthesized compounds (A1–A7) inhibited1 the cancer1 cells1 efficiently, the compound (A6) was activity inhibited on the cancer cells.
New Spectrophotometric Estimation and Cloud Point Extraction of Cefdinir
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Jasim M. , Mizher Omar Qusay
Published: December 2018

A sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of cefdinir (CFD), a cephalosporin species. This study involves two methods, and the first method includes the preparing of azo dye by the reaction of CFD diazonium salt with 4-Tert-Butylphenol (4-TBP) and 2-Naphthol (2-NPT) in alkaline medium, which shows colored dyes measured at λmax 490 and 535 nm, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed along the concentration range of (3-100) μg.ml-1. The limits of detection were 0.246, 0.447 μg.ml-1 and molar absorptivities were 0.6129×104, 0.3361×104 L.mol-1cm-1 for (CFD-4-TBP) and (CFD-2-NPT), respectively. The second method includes preconcentration for cefdinir dyes by using cloud point extraction in the presence of Triton X-114 (10% v/v) and recording measurements using the UV-Visible technique. Cloud point extraction enables the drug to be precisely estimated under the optimal experimental conditions. The concentrations were ranged between (0.1-6.0) and (0.2-6.0) μg.ml-1. The limits of detection were 0.032, 0.054 μg.ml-1 and molar absorptivities were 0.4733×105, 0.2788×105 L.mol-1cm-1, respectively. Enrichment factors were 24.61, 24.58, and distribution coefficients were 1526, 1393 for (CFD-4-TBP), (CFD-2-NPT), respectively. The proposed methods have been applied for the determination of CFD in commercial formulation with no interference. The results appear to be no significant difference between the two methods.
A Comparative Study on the Electrical Characteristics of Generating Plasma by Using Different Target Sources
Authors: Taha Sarah K. , Mazhir Sabah N. , Khalaf Mohammed K.
Published: December 2018

In this research, the electrical characteristics of glow discharge plasma were studied. Glow discharge plasma generated in a home-made DC magnetron sputtering system, and a DC-power supply of high voltage as input to the discharge electrodes were both utilized. The distance between two electrodes is 4cm. The gas used to produce plasma is argon gas which flows inside the chamber at a rate of 40 sccm. The influence of work function for different target materials (gold, copper, and silver), - 5cm in diameter and around 1mm thickness - different working pressures, and different applied voltages on electrical characteristics (discharge current, discharge potential, and Paschen’s curve) were studied. The results showed that the discharge current and potential increase by increasing the applied voltage ranging between 300-700 V. Discharge current increased as working pressure increased in the beginning, and then semi-stabilized (slight increase) starting from 1×100 mbar, while discharge potential decreased at the beginning as working pressure increased and then semi-stabilized at the same point at which discharge current stabilized. The Paschen’s curves were compared with each other. It was concluded that the lower breakdown voltage was associated with lower work function of the (Au, Cu, and Ag) cathode material. Breakdown voltages were (395, 398, and 420) for Ag, Cu and Au respectively.
Conjugated Polymer (MEH-PPV:MWCNTs) Organic Nanocomposite for Photodetector Application
Authors: Ibrahim Isam M. , Khalid Abeer H.
Published: December 2018

Fabrication of a photodetector consists of the conjugated polymer "MEH-PPV"- poly (2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenlenevinylene) and MEH-PPV:MWCNT nanocomposite thin film. The volume ratio investigated was 0.75:0.25. MEH-PPV was dissolved in chloroform solvent and doped with MWCNTs. The spin coating method was used to achieve a facile and low cost photodetector. The absorption spectrum decreases by adding the CNTs. The PL spectrum detected recombination curve results by doping the polymer with CNTs, and AFM measurement showed an increase of roughness average from (0.168 to 2.43nm) of "MEH-PPV" and "MEH-PPV:CNTs", respectively. The doping ratio 0.25, which has a higher photoresponsivity, was evaluated at 1.70 A/W and 2.14 A/W of the UV and Vis. wavelength range. Time-dependent photocurrent analysis showed that the higher sensitivity was 176.56 % at 350nm and 290.99% at 500 nm of the "MEH-PPV:MWCNTs" thin films, while I-V characteristics showed a rectifying behavior.
Alternative HPV vaccination schedules in Latin America
Authors: Robles Claudia , Hernández María de la Luz , Almonte Maribel
Published: December 2018

In 2008, the first HPV vaccination program in Latin America started in Panama, targeting girls aged 10-11 years with a 3-dose vaccine schedule, an initiative that was to be followed by other Latin American countries after local feasibility and population acceptability evaluations were completed. A 3-dose vaccine regimen over six months was originally chosen for HPV vaccines, copying the Hepatitis B vaccine schedule (0, 1-2, 6 months). Alternative vaccine schedules have been proposed afterwards based on: i) noninferior immunogenicity or immune response levels compared to those at which clini­cal efficacy has been proven (i.e., those observed in a 3-dose HPV vaccine schedule in women aged 15-26), and, ii) proven efficacy in clinical trials and/or effectiveness among women who were provided less than three doses due to a lack of adherence to a 3-dose vaccine schedule. In 2014, based on the available evidence and the potential increase in coverage by expansion of vaccination target groups, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMIC), the World Health Organization recommended a 2-dose schedule with at least a 6-month interval between doses for females up to 15 years of age and a 3-dose schedule for older women. More recently, it has been suggested that 1-dose HPV vaccination schemes may provide enough protection against HPV infection and may speed up the introduction of HPV vaccination in LMIC, where most needed.
Long Term Assessment of the Quality of Visual-related Daily Activities after ICL (V4C) Implantation for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Linghu Shaorong , Liu Taixiang , Liao Yilu , Shi Rong , Pan Le
Published: December 2018

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate long-term quality of visual related daily activities after Central Hole Collamer Lens implantation to treat myopia and myopic astigmatism.
Methods: This retrospective study included 46 eyes (23 patients) receiving an ICL-V4c implantation. The follow up time was at least 24 m. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, eye axis, intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, and the patients’ satisfaction related to vision related daily activities were recorded at 6 m and 24 m.
Results: The mean spherical equivalents were -0.14 ± 0.21 D and -0.12 ± 0.33 D at 6 m and 24 m after surgery, respectively. UCVA of all eyes were equal to or better than preoperative BCVA. The BCVA at 6 m and 24 m after implantation were -0.03 ± 0.08 LogMAR, and −0.03 ± 0.11 LogMAR, respectively, which was statistically better (P = 0.031) than that of pre-operation value of 0.07 ± 0.12 LogMAR. There was no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the pre operation and post operation ECD.At 24 m post operation, 10% of the patients complained of difficulty driving at night, but most of patient had satisfactory or very satisfactory vision-related daily activity scores. Some patients, 13%, were worried about the long-term safety and efficacy of the V4c-ICL implantation.
Conclusions: Patients were very satisfied with their vision related daily activities after V4c-ICL implantation. With time, some patients worried about the permanent safety and efficacy.
Anticoagulants as more effective secondary prevention for embolic stroke of undetermined source: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sakakura Yuya , Homma Yoichiro , Arakawa Tomoya , Tanaka Tokutaro
Published: December 2018

Background:
Whether anticoagulants or antiplatelets are more effective for secondary stroke prevention for embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) remains unknown. These two treatments were compared retrospectively.
Methods:
Of 779 acute ischemic stroke inpatients between January 2012 and December 2014 in our stroke center, 110 patients met our ESUS criteria were compared. Antiplatelets were used in 81 patients, and anticoagulants were used in 29. ESUS criteria by Hart et al., except for extracranial atherosclerosis, were used. In all patients, intracranial magnetic resonance angiograms were obtained, and the infarct was diagnosed with positive diffusion studies. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Score-tests for the hazard ratio assumption and for covariate effects in the Cox proportional hazard model were performed. To estimate hazard ratios, a likelihood ratio test and the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital.
Results:
The mean follow-up period was 84.0±65.5 weeks, and 14 patients treated with antiplatelets and one treated with anticoagulants developed recurrent ischemic stroke. The antiplatelet group had a significantly higher risk of recurrence than the anticoagulant group (p=0.0293, likelihood ratio 0.144, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.019-1.096). Multivariate analysis also showed a similar result (p=0.013, likelihood ratio -1.94, 95% CI: 0.01-0.72, respectively).
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that anticoagulants are more effective than antiplatelets for secondary stroke prevention for ESUS patients, although this was a non-randomized, single-center, retrospective analysis with a small sample size. Further studies are needed to accumulate enough evidence.
Mowing Pattern and Clip of the Reel Have Limited Effects on Green Speed of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Putting Greens
Authors: Strunk William D. , Dickson Kyley H. , Sorochan John C.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Backtrack mowing produced the fastest green speeds compared with all other treatments.

Shortening the clip of the reel or mowing in multiple directions removes more sand topdressing than standard mowing practices.

Mowing patterns or clip of the reel had no visual effect on plant health.
Preferential Flow in Different Soil Architectures of a Small Karst Catchment
Authors: Wang Fa , Chen Hongsong , Lian Jinjiao , Fu Zhiyong , Nie Yunpeng
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Macropores and cracks are preferential channels in karst depression and downslope locations

Heterogeneity of soil property results in finger flow in karst mid‐ and upslope locations

High Ks and soil layering weaken preferential flow in mid‐ and upslope locations

Preferential flow degree and infiltration rate can be independent in karst regions

In karst regions, soil architecture varies along topographical locations, resulting in marked differences in infiltration rates. However, the relationship between soil architecture and preferential flow (PF) is still unclear. In this study, dye tracing was used to investigate PF and the dominant effects of five types of soil architecture in a small karst catchment. These soil architectures included deep clay soil in farmland (CSF) and deep clay soil in shrubland (CSS) in the depression; shallow clay soil with minimally weathered, slanted bedrock on downslope locations (CSWD); shallow sandy loam soil with highly weathered bedrock on midslope locations (SLSM); and sandy loam soil with rock fragments on upslope locations (SLSU). The results showed that macropores and cracks were the major channels that resulted in a high degree of PF in depressions and downslope locations. Preferential flow also continued along the rock–soil interface in the downslope locations. Finger flow mainly appeared in mid‐ and upslope locations, and cracks mainly appeared in the surface soil layer. However, down‐ and upslope locations showed lower PF. We observed that PF might not contribute to the different infiltration rates in different topographical locations. Tillage in depressions damages macropores, thereby minimizing vertical percolation. The high saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of the soil matrix covered the development of PF in the mid‐ and upslope locations, and the decrease in Ks weakened the formation of PF as a result of heterogeneity of soil properties. These findings demonstrate that infiltration‐excess runoff may occur in depressions and downslope locations and that saturation‐excess runoff may occur in mid‐ and upslope locations.
Interdisciplinary Geo‐ecological Research across Time Scales in the Northeast German Lowland Observatory (TERENO‐NE)
Authors: Heinrich Ingo , Balanzategui Daniel , Bens Oliver , Blasch Gerald , Blume Theresa , Böttcher Falk , Borg Erik , Brademann Brian , Brauer Achim , Conrad Christopher , Dietze Elisabeth , Dräger Nadine , Fiener Peter , Gerke Horst H. , Güntner Andreas , Heine Iris , Helle Gerhard , Herbrich Marcus , Harfenmeister Katharina , Heußner Karl-Uwe , Hohmann Christian , Itzerott Sibylle , Jurasinski Gerald , Kaiser Knut , Kappler Christoph , Koebsch Franziska , Liebner Susanne , Lischeid Gunnar , Merz Bruno , Missling Klaus Dieter , Morgner Markus , Pinkerneil Sylvia , Plessen Birgit , Raab Thomas , Ruhtz Thomas , Sachs Torsten , Sommer Michael , Spengler Daniel , Stender Vivien , Stüve Peter , Wilken Florian
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

TERENO‐NE investigates the regional impact of global change.

We facilitate interdisciplinary geo‐ecological research.

Our data sets comprise monitoring data and geoarchives.

We are able to bridge time scales from minutes to millennia.

The Northeast German Lowland Observatory (TERENO‐NE) was established to investigate the regional impact of climate and land use change. TERENO‐NE focuses on the Northeast German lowlands, for which a high vulnerability has been determined due to increasing temperatures and decreasing amounts of precipitation projected for the coming decades. To facilitate in‐depth evaluations of the effects of climate and land use changes and to separate the effects of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the region, six sites were chosen for comprehensive monitoring. In addition, at selected sites, geoarchives were used to substantially extend the instrumental records back in time. It is this combination of diverse disciplines working across different time scales that makes the observatory TERENO‐NE a unique observation platform. We provide information about the general characteristics of the observatory and its six monitoring sites and present examples of interdisciplinary research activities at some of these sites. We also illustrate how monitoring improves process understanding, how remote sensing techniques are fine‐tuned by the most comprehensive ground‐truthing site DEMMIN, how soil erosion dynamics have evolved, how greenhouse gas monitoring of rewetted peatlands can reveal unexpected mechanisms, and how proxy data provides a long‐term perspective of current ongoing changes.
Effect of Air‐ and Water‐Filled Voids on Neutron Moisture Meter Measurements of Clay Soil
Authors: Bagnall Dianna K. , Crespo Gutierrez Pilar M. , Yimam Yohannes Tadesse , Morgan Cristine L.S. , Neely Haly L. , Ackerson Jason P.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Bulk density changes caused large uncertainties in neutron moisture meter calibrations.

Air‐ or water‐filled annuli around access tubes simulated voids to measure error.

Error magnitude depended on void size and contrast between soil and void water content.

Experimental results showed much smaller errors than previous numerical simulations.

Larger voids reduced sensitivity of neutron moisture meter to soil water content.

Air‐ and water‐filled voids around neutron moisture meter (NMM) access tubes have been cited as sources of volumetric water content (θv) measurement error in cracking clay soils. The objectives of this study were to experimentally quantify this potential error stemming from (i) uncertainty in bulk density (ρb) sampling and (ii) the impact of air‐ and water‐filled voids. Air‐ and water‐filled voids were simulated using ∼0.6‐cm (small) and ∼1.9‐cm (large) annuli around access tubes. After NMM measurements were taken in a tightly installed access tube, either a small or large annulus was installed in the same borehole. Additional NMM measurements were taken with the annulus filled with air, and then water and ρb and θv were measured. The RMSE of the NMM calibration using all 11 installations was 0.02 m3 m−3. However, if two cores were used for calibration, the ratio of NMM‐measured θv to in situ θv was significantly different (p < 0.05) from measured θv half the time (RMSE, 0.012–0.05 m3 m−3). Small air‐filled voids created drier estimates of θv (bias, −0.039 m3 m−3; p < 0.001), wherease small water‐filled voids were not significantly different from the calibration. Air‐ and water‐filled voids from larger annuli were significantly lower and higher (p < 0.001) than core‐measured θv, with biases of −0.068 and 0.080 m3 m−3, respectively. Although this work does not correct NMM‐predicted θv to matrix θv, it does bound NMM error under field conditions in a cracking clay soil.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF BPJS KESEHATAN SERVICES TO SMK EKLESIA AND BINA INSANI JAILOLO TEACHERS
Authors: Yanis Rudelvi yana
Published: December 2018

BPJS health is a public legal entity that is formed to hold a guarantee program. BPJS health works with government or private health facilities to provide health services for JKN participants and their families. Through the government's health insurance program the community can get good health services. However, the application is still not in accordance with the objectives and benefits of BPJS health so that it creates positive opinions and negative opinions about the use of BPJS health services. The purpose of the research conducted was to analyze public sentiment related to the service benefits of the Social Security Organizing Agency's services to Jailolo Vocational School Teachers of Eclesia and Bina Insani Vocational Schools. Analysis and data processing were carried out using a qualitative approach using the Rapidminer application, and for document classification using the Naives Bayes method. Based on the results of analysis of BPJS service utilization documents where the highest opinion is a positive opinion with an accuracy rate of 84.50%
The droplet formation-dissolution transition in different ensembles: Finite-size scaling from two perspectives
Authors: Spitzner Franz Paul , Zierenberg Johannes , Janke Wolfhard
Published: December 2018

The formation and dissolution of a droplet is an important mechanism
related to various nucleation phenomena. Here, we address the droplet
formation-dissolution transition in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones gas
to demonstrate a consistent finite-size scaling approach from two
perspectives using orthogonal control parameters. For the canonical
ensemble, this means that we fix the temperature while varying the
density and vice versa. Using specialised parallel multicanonical
methods for both cases, we confirm analytical predictions at fixed
temperature (rigorously only proven for lattice systems) and
corresponding scaling predictions from expansions at fixed density.
Importantly, our methodological approach provides us with reference
quantities from the grand canonical ensemble that enter the analytical
predictions. Our orthogonal finite-size scaling setup can be exploited
for theoretical and experimental investigations of general nucleation
phenomena – if one identifies the corresponding reference ensemble and
adapts the theory accordingly. In this case, our numerical approach can
be readily translated to the corresponding ensembles and thereby proves
very useful for numerical studies of equilibrium cluster formation, in
general.
TÜRKİYE’DE MİKRO KREDİLERİN KADINLARIN İŞ GÜCÜNE KATILIMI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÖLÇÜMÜ
Authors: ALTUNÖZ Utku
Published: December 2018

Türkiye
ekonomisinde öncelikli çözülmesi gereken sorunların başında kadınların
istihdama katılım oranlarındaki yetersizlik gelmektedir. Bu zamana kadar gerek
devlet tarafından gerekse özel sektör tarafından uygulanan kadın istihdamını
arttırıcı politikalara rağmen bu sorunun önüne geçilememiştir. Bu amaca yönelik
uygulamalardan biri de mikro kredilerdir. Kadınların iş gücüne katılımının
arttırılması ve yoksulluk sorunu ile mücadele noktasında mikro krediler dikkat
çekmektedir.  Bu çalışmanın amacı, mikro
kredi uygulanmasının işlevini genel anlamda açıkladıktan sonra Türkiye’deki mikro
kredi uygulamalarının kadın istihdamı ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini ve
etkinliğini sınamaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada yoksullukla mücadelede ve
istihdam bağlamında Türkiye’de kullandırılan mikro kredilerin regresyon analizi
yapılmış olup modeldeki sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de kullandırılan kredideki 1
birimlik artış, kendi hesabına çalışan kadın sayısında 0.045 birimlik ve
ekonomik büyümede 0.05 birimlik artışa neden olmaktadır. ARDL sonuçlarına göre
reel gelirin uzun dönem esnekliği beklentiler doğrultusunda pozitif (0.00612)
olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Bu Sonuca göre Türkiye’de mikro kredilerde %1’lik
artış reel GSYH’yi %0,05 arttırmaktadır. Ayrıca yaklaşık 5,5 yıl gibi bir
sürede kısa dönemli sapmalar tekrar uzun dönem dengesine gelmektedir.