bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A short review on induced spawning and seed production of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Malaysia
Authors: Marimuthu K
Published: November 2019

African catfishClarias gariepinusis one among the highly prized freshwater fish species. The most important criteria for successful propagation of any cultivable fish species in aquaculture is the availability of sufficient quantity larvae of uniform size, quality, and free of diseases, parasites, and pests at the time of stocking in culture ponds. Traditional methods of induced spawning for fish are based on the injection of gonadotropic hormones from different sources, including extract of carp pituitary gland, partially purified fish gonadotropic hormones and mammalian gonadotropic hormones, especially human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Several synthetic analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) and preparations have been used in fish breeding and seed production in different fish species. GnRH and its super-active analogues have been used in catfish breeding. Such treatment results in the release of the fish own gonadotropin. The use of natural and synthetic hormones in the induction of spawning and seed production in air-breathing fishes is well documented. This paper will review the research conducted on induced spawning and seed production of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus) in Malaysia.
Studying Resilience on Urban Cultural Landscape Heritage
Authors: Utami W , Andalucia  , Sitorus R , Thalarosa B
Published: November 2019

Managing is a significant process on a maintenance process. In cultural landscape heritage, it must be done for conservation. Based on values, the elements of local heritage can be define accurately and can be used as a guide to elaborate with the specific or definite goals. In the recent, Toba Lake was chosen as a national tourism destination. The main effect of it, it has been create many programs to support the tourism activity. There are many signs to elaborate Toba Lake as a tourism destination for keeping its values. All of the spatial demand must be balance with the appropriate action by the accurate policy. The next process after balancing process is about creating a built environment and the local community to become a resilience environment which supported by resilience community. Discussion on resilience with cultural landscape theory will be use as a preposition to explore field data. Without thinking about spatial and cultural value, it will occur a degradation of nature and culture that can be dangerous for the local community as the main settlers.
Studies on Flexure Characteristics of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete as an Element of Triple Friction Pendulum Damper
Authors: Umniati B S , Sulton M , Pratama M M A , Mahendra A G , Prameswara A P
Published: November 2019

This study aims to investigate the flexural characteristics of base isolation plates made from bamboo-reinforced concrete with dimensions of 420 mm x 420 mm x 180 mm. Bamboo reinforcement was used at the inner-edge of the plate and steel reinforcement was used in the inner part of the plate. The independent variables were concrete compressive strength of 28,5 MPa and 33,7 MPa and bamboo reinforcement ratio and steel reinforcement ratio of 0.00833 and 0.00838 respectively. The bamboo reinforcement used Gigantochloa apus with an ultimate tensile strength of 177,39 MPa. And yield tensile strength of steel reinforcement 628.5 MPa. To reduce friction on concrete, the concrete surface was covered with CFRP which was attached using an epoxy and resin mixture. The results showed that the bending load capacity of the plates with fc’ 28,5 MPa and 33,7 MPa compressive strength was 112.1 kN and 111.9 kN respectively. From the graph of the curvature moment relationship, it is shown that the plate with fc’ 28,5 MPa compressive strength has higher ductility than that with fc’ 33,7 MPa. From the crack pattern, it is evident that the failure occurred as flexural failure of all specimens.
The Effect of PET Plastic Addition (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and Carbide Waste Filler for Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) on Marshall Characteristics
Authors: Hidayat N , Pratama G N I P , Pramita I D
Published: November 2019

To improve the quality of infrastructure that is durable and solid, innovation needed to make sure the high quality ofroads. This study aimed at knowing the effect of PET addition in the percentage of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% for asphalt concrete-binder course on Marshall characteristics, and revealing whether the results of Marshall testing with added PET material and carbide waste filler has fulfilled the general specification of Directorate General of Highway 2010. This study used PET plastic addition with variations of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Each variation of PET content was made on 3 samples for objects testing to obtain values of density, VIM, VMA, VFA, stability, flow, and MQ. The results of this study indicated that the addition of PET plastic content and carbide waste filler affects the value of the asphalt characteristic of Marshall. The most effective addition was at 1% level with a density of 2.23 gr/cc, VIM value of 4.82%, VMA value of 14.58%, VFA value of 67.18%, flow value of 3.30 mm, stability value of 3060.42 kg and MQ value of 936.79 kg/mm. Overall, the addition of PET plastic and carbide waste filler to the characteristics of the marshall.
The Effects of On-Street Parking toward Street Performance (Case Study: Kaliurang Street, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Putra R , Hidayah R
Published: November 2019

Street is a transportation infrastructure that people use in daily activities. The quality of street performance greatly affects community activities. Street performance is influenced by various activities around the street. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of on street parking toward street performance in terms of street capacity and level of service. The study was conducted in three stages, i.e. preliminary survey (determining the time and location of the study), data collection (geometric data of streets, traffic volume, parking volume, pedestrian volume, number of slow vehicles, and access of vehicles from the side of the street, data analysis (calculate streets capacity and level of service. The result of research shows that there is influence of on street parking activity toward street performance in Kaliurang street. The effective width of the street is 10 meters down by 3.6 meters and the street capacity decreases from 3097.5 smp/hour to 2151.5 smp/hour. The decline was caused by various activities on the side of the street such as one on street parking. On a weekday, the morning of the Monday and Thursday, the level of service in Kaliurang Street is at level C, while on the holidays precisely Sunday morning is at level B. The level of street services increased significantly during the afternoon. In the afternoon, the level of street services is at level E on weekday or holiday.
Rhizobacteria effect on bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic and heavy metal compounds in the technogenous soils
Authors: Belogolova G A , Baenguev B A , Gordeeva O N , Sokolova M G , Pastukhov M V , Poletaeva V I , Vaishlya O B
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to disclose migration and transformation of heavy metal and arsenic compounds in the soil-microorganisms-plant system. Plants have been grown on soil inoculated with experimental rhizobacteria Azotobacter and Bacillus. In our experiment, soil samples were collected close to the industrial site of the former Angarsk Metallurgical Plant (AMP) used to produce arsenic (Svirsk town, Eastern Siberia) and from background site. High As, Pb and Cd abundances, dozens and hundreds of times exceeding the Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC), were found in the soil around the former plant. Each soil sample was divided into control soil and soil inoculated with rhizobacteria used for plant growing. Concentrations of chemical elements were analyzed in easily exchangeable, carbonate, organic, and Fe hydroxide-associated fractions and chelate forms. Rhizobacteria initiate arsenic and heavy metals immobilization in organic fraction. The highest element abundances were found in the chelate form in soil inoculated by rhizobacteria. The intensity of As and heavy metals accumulation in the plants grown on the inoculated soil is markedly low, owing to biological adsorption of elements by the cells of rhizobacteria capable of creating a barrier for their supply into plants. The study of As and heavy metals behavior under the influence of rhizobacteria is of great importance in developing new biotechnologies related to soil remediation and crop production.
Assessment of taxonomic diversity of soil biota for landscape planning
Authors: Bessolitsyna E P
Published: November 2019

Biological (taxonomic) diversity is the potential for self-organization of the biosphere, ensuring its regeneration, resistance to the effects of various environmental factors, including anthropogenic, as well as a resource for compensating the losses of individual biotic elements. Disturbance of ecological balance is a prerequisite for the emergence of conflict situations of local and regional nature, leading to irretrievable losses of certain types of natural resources, as well as aesthetic value and recreational significance of landscapes. Various indicators can express the degree of change in the biodiversity of transformed geosystems as well as the state of biotic communities as a whole: indices of diversity, dominance and occurrence of species, as well as through evaluation scales, where the deviation of the indicator from the background characteristics is shown in percentages or points. This assessment has identified three main categories of situations in the spectrum of biotic communities: critical, conflict and relatively prosperous. The main trend of changes in the taxonomic diversity of soil invertebrate communities is a decrease in the number of species in the gradient of increasing climate aridity, strengthening of the hypothermia and anthropogenic pressure. The revealed regularities of soil biota’ changes can be used to optimize environmental control.
On new approaches to the development of organic agriculture in the arid landscapes of Inner Asia
Authors: Boldanov T A , Dong S C , Li F J , Cheng H , Yang Y
Published: November 2019

The world population increased to 6 billion from 1.65 billion, during the 20th century. Therefore, providing high-quality provisions in parallel with such rapid growth has become a critical issue for decision-makers and authorities. Organic agriculture in Inner Asia has been considered an efficient way out of this situation. Followings are some advantages of the farming in Inner Asia that made the region a special area for agricultural goals: (1) remoteness from major industrial centers; (2) historical culture of adaptive animal husbandry and agriculture with minimal application of chemical fertilizers; (3) close location to the rapidly developing Asian region with its growing requirement for high-quality products; (4) providing Halal products that are so important in Muslim countries. Moreover, the agricultural boom not only can help to produce high-quality products but also may help for the development of the territory and preserving the traditions and culture of the area. Promotion of agro-tourism, environmental education, and tourism education to local people can be other advantages of agriculture expansion in the region. In this work, the data of statistical collections, comparative analysis, results of field expeditions, and analysis of legislative acts were used. A number of illustrative examples are given, which are already taking place in Mongolia in particular.
Mapping and monitoring recreational disturbance of the territory for the recreational nature management
Authors: Isachenko T E , Isachenko G A , Bocharnikova M V , Ozerova S D
Published: November 2019

Recreational nature management becomes vital in the context of continuously developing recreation. Regulation of recreational impact and control of acceptable changes in natural territorial complexes (landscapes) due to recreation is one of the main tasks of recreational nature management. The paper considers the approach to the analysis of the interaction of recreation and landscape based on a landscape-dynamic concept, as well as the method of mapping and monitoring recreational disturbance of the territory for managing recreational use of natural protected areas. We analyze the experience of monitoring recreational disturbance of the test area (Schuchye Lake Natural Reserve, Saint-Petersburg) during 2008 - 2019 years. There is a relationship of the distribution of recreants with landscape structure of the territory, namely, with the features of landscape sites and long-term states of landscapes. We have revealed a decrease in recreational disturbance despite an increase in the number of recreants. Positive dynamics is due to both the restriction of vehicle access to the coast of the lake and providing the territory with the special places for rest. We give recommendations for making priority management decisions related to the development of recreation in the studied area. Further attention should be focused on controlling the most attractive and vulnerable areas, especially complexes of sand hills near the lake coast.
Development of the system of transboundary protected areas in the Asian part of Russia
Authors: Kalikhman T P
Published: November 2019

The task of preserving biotic and landscape diversity in the conditions of separation by administrative or state borders leads to organizing transboundary protected natural areas that are important for the preservation of the natural environment and formation of the entire natural complex sites. The article presents the results of scientific analysis of the current situation concerning the creation of transboundary protected areas, as well as examples of those existing in the Asian part of Russia and promising for creating. In 2019, there are interstate agreements with Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan, providing for the activities of five transboundary protected natural areas: “Altai”, “Dauria”, “the Amur Sources”, “Lake Khanka”, and “Ubsunur Depression”. Additionally, we indicate transboundary specially protected natural areas of the Asian part of Russia that are the most important for the future. Analysis of the current situation concerning the protection of nature in the border areas allows us to identify ten new territories that are well-known for high environmental importance. The well-studied and promising territories include: “Khentei-Chikoiski highlands”, “the Selenga”, “From Huvsgul to Lake Baikal”, “Sayan Cross”, “Saylyugem”, “Delger-Muren”, [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] the Amur Tiger and Leopard”, “Tumangan”, “South Kuril Islands”, and “Beringia”. Cooperation with such countries bordering with Russia as Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Japan, and the United States is expected.
Specificity of the river flow formation of small mountain streams of the Baikal Natural Territory resulting from wildfires
Authors: Kichigina N V , Bilichenko I N
Published: November 2019

In recent years, a catastrophic situation has arisen in the Baikal natural area associated with forest fires. In 2015-2017, there were catastrophic forest fires. In the work, the key sites of the western coast of the Lake Baikal, which were the most suffered from the fires of 2015-2017, are considered. We studied the most suffered from the fires watersheds of the Yator, Ulan-Khan and Elokhin streams. The results based on modern hydrological and hydrochemical monitoring is discussed. The modern measuring complexes RAP-G-01 (IMKES, Tomsk) are used. Its automatically register the elements of the water regime (water level, conductivity and temperature) every 30 minutes. The chemical composition of water samples after forest fires recorded significant differences from background streams. Changes in the chemical composition of the rivers water take place after the forest fires: the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and bicarbonates increase; the transfer of water from the hydrocarbonate to the sulphate class of the calcium group is noted. At the pyrogenically disturbed watersheds, the temperature regime of the water changes due to an increase in daytime temperatures and differences between daytime and nighttime temperatures, the mineralization regime is not stable, and the amplitudes of level fluctuations are higher.
Influence of anthropogenic activities on the temperature regime of soils of the South-Western Baikal region
Authors: Kiselev M V , Voropay N N , Cherkashina A A
Published: November 2019

Soil temperature is a key factor controlling many biotic and abiotic processes in soils. Monitoring of the soil temperature in the different habitats is an urgent task, as a rare meteorological network does not allow to assess in detail the hydrothermal regime of different territories. The territory of the study is the Tunka intermountain basin – the area of discontinuous distribution of permafrost. The atmospheric-soil measuring complex was used to investigate the hydrothermal regime of soils. Observations were carried out in automatic mode with a step of 1 hour from 2011 to 2018 year in the soil profiles from the surface to 10 m depth. The studied areas at different times undergo various anthropogenic impacts. It leads to changes in the vegetation cover, morphology structure and granulometric composition of the soils, its temperature and moisture conditions. Thus, the soils at anthropogenically disturbed sites are better warmed up and cools down faster than on undisturbed areas. The depth of the isotherm of +10°C on average is more than 50 cm deep on anthropogenically disturbed areas and the greatest negative temperatures are observed here. The depth of freezing and the magnitude of negative temperatures are directly related to the level of mire waters in the peaty soils. If the water level of the mire increases, as a result of human intervention, the depth of thawing decreased by 20 cm and the winter peat deposit became warmer.
Land cover classification using maximum likelihood method (2000 and 2019) at Khandgait valley in Mongolia
Authors: Norovsuren B , Tseveen B , Batomunkuev V , Renchin T , Natsagdorj E , Yangiv A , Mart Z
Published: November 2019

Promoting the recovery of forest management has been identified as a key priority by the Government of Mongolia. The objective of this paper is to define land cover classification and land cover change in Khandgait valley between 2000 and 2019. The study area is located in the North central part of Mongolia in Bulgan province. Landsat satellite images with 30m resolution were applied. For the validation, we used ground truth measurements. Maximum-likelihood method was applied in this study. The output map of land cover classification was analyzed and compared with the ground truth measurements. The results showed an overall accuracy of 86.5% and 89.0% for the 2000 and 2019 images, respectively. Land cover changes were quantitatively presented with the results of accuracy assessments between 2000 and 2019. In the future, we need to improve forest monitoring and analyze forest management using satellite images.
Trends of disturbance of Volga-Ural steppe landscapes in oil-and-gas production and approaches to land use optimisation solutions
Authors: Myachina K V , Ryabuha A G
Published: November 2019

We study the factors and tendencies for a technogenic disturbance of Volga-Ural steppe region landscapes exposed to the influence of oil-and-gas production. The study area is 1500km2, including landscapes of more than 25 oil-and-gas fields with a various time of development and different alternatives and scales of technogenic impact. Survey of landscapes is as a part of the regional geo-ecological analysis, which incorporates the analysis of a group of natural factors that specify the attributes of the steppe zone, and classification and identification of the most large-scale and widespread environmental problems. We present the recommended algorithm for making a regional geo-ecological analysis which incorporates the ways, methods, and approaches to achieving ecological-subsoil-user balance in oil-and-gas production areas We show that such environmental problems as haphazard expansion of disturbed lands, fragmentation of landscapes, change in conditions of water reservoirs, intensification of exogenic processes, creation of temperature anomaly areas, reduction of the number of mammals are most likely to occur within oil-and-gas fields. So-called Technogenic geosystems of oil-and-gas fields form in the landscapes. Knowledge about the specific aspects and regularities in the functioning of these geosystems should be used to create prognostic scenarios of disturbed lands development and target-focused optimisation measures.
Ecological load on the industrial area of Irkutsk region
Authors: Osipova O P
Published: November 2019

Unfavorable ecological situation has arisen in the Irkutsk region. The Irkutsk region ranks third into the amount of pollutants emitted into air from stationary and mobile sources in the Siberian Federal District in 2017. The enterprise activities results in the emission of harmful substances into atmosphere. High concentration of air pollutants is observed in large cities of the Irkutsk region. The work is aimed at the calculation of the ecological load on the main industrial cities of the Irkutsk region for the period from 2008 to 2017. The relevance of the research issue is determined by the increasing intensity of anthropogenic impact and pollution of the urban environment by emissions from motor vehicles and industrial enterprises. We used data on emissions into the air in cities of the Irkutsk region, presented in the State reports as a source of information. In eight industrial cities of the region, the level of air pollution is assessed as high and very high. The cities of Bratsk and Irkutsk have been included over the years in the Priority List of Russian Cities with the highest air pollution index. All of these industrial cities of region have been experiencing a high anthropogenic load, resulted in heavy air pollution.
Space and time regularities and development factors of grass fires in the Volga-Urals region
Authors: Pavleychik V M
Published: November 2019

The author generalizes the results of the studies devoted to obtaining reliable information on the long-term dynamics of grass fires in Volga-Urals region and analyzing the data to identify space and time regularities of their development. The results indicate a widespread and considerable extension of an area of fire propagation and frequency starting from the middle of the 1990th - the beginning of the 2000th. The primary precondition for activation of fires in steppe regions is a sharp reduction of agricultural production accompanied by a decrease in pasture load and formation of fallow lands. The modern stage of fire development is characterized by the increased impact of the weather and climate factor. The primary reasons for steppe fires is an ongoing practice of agricultural uncontrolled fires and careless handling of fire. The fire impact brings steppe ecosystems in the condition of long-term stress and has a negative nature as a whole. The conducted studies allowed obtaining actual data on the dynamics of grass fires, revealing seasonal distinctions and peculiar features of development in different natural zones, as well as evaluating the factors of their occurrence and spread. The results indicate a necessity of optimizing the steppe management of natural resources.
Participativeness, indigenous peoples and landscape planning: theoretical questions
Authors: Ragulina M V , Sirina A A
Published: November 2019

Landscape planning provides for the preservation and development of natural and sociocultural potentials of the territory. Its integrative feature is most important. Landscape planning organizes and coordinates the spatial development of society. Cultural landscape, being a scientific category, combines material and symbolic spaces, life strategies, and resources of the territory. In Russia, the cultural landscape approach, which most fully reflects the participativeness principle, was first applied in landscape planning of the Irkutsk Region territories where the Evenk community lives. Land management led by the Committee of the North in the 1920-1930s became its precursor. Indigenous peoples and Russian old residents in Siberia has a close material and spiritual connection with the territory, which contributes to the preservation of ethnic identity and historical memory. Modern studies of these issues in anthropology and landscape planning have poor contact with each other. The participatory landscape planning based on the cultural landscape approach has some overlapping with the studies in fields of cultural anthropology, ethnoecology and ethnic expertise. It ensures recognition of formal and informal self-governance structures of the indigenous peoples in Siberia and expands tools and practices of landscape planning through integration of cultural and anthropological as well as humanitarian and geographical research.
Incomplete recovery of soil fertility as a factor of the geoecological content of the food problem: regional aspect
Authors: Rodomanskaya S A
Published: November 2019

The article considers the incomplete recovery of soil fertility as a geoecological and sociogenic factor of the food problem, requiring not only improving soil properties, increasing its ability to provide plants with the factors necessary for their growth and development in the long-term cycle but also preventing degradation of productive lands. In the chain of safe existence of society, a significant transforming role is assigned to the ecological state of the soil in the process of intensive reproduction of high-quality agricultural products, thereby expanding the consideration of the problem of safe human development in the field of environmental benefits. A prerequisite for the provision of environmentally friendly products of agricultural production is the assessment of the ecological state of the soils of productive land, which is carried out to obtain comprehensive information about the properties of the land as the main means of production in agriculture. This assessment allows identifying primarily problem areas from an environmental point of view as well as determining the amount of financial support in cases of their rehabilitation. For the conditions of the Amur Region, there is a set of measures to prevent the degradation of productive land, which must be interconnected with the tasks of implementing the plan for the production of agricultural products, taking into account zonality and economic efficiency.
The main directions of solving energy-related environmental problems in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory
Authors: Saneev B G , Ivanova I Yu , Maysyuk E P , Izhbuldin A K
Published: November 2019

The object of the study is energy facilities located in the coastal areas of Lake Baikal. The impact on the environment in this territory is of particular importance due to the natural uniqueness and special conditions for economic activity. The paper shows that coal-fired boiler houses are the main sources of impact on the environment. The total calculated emission from energy objects is 24.5 thousand t/year. In the composition of pollutants, particulate matter predominates. The total mass of ash and slag waste from energy objects is 79.8 thousand t/year. An analysis of the main environmental problems caused by the operation of the energy objects in the central ecological zone has allowed us to make a list of recommendations for their elimination. For large boilers houses, the main direction is the reconstruction and modernization of equipment, for small ones - the transition to alternative energy sources: natural gas and electricity. Under current conditions, the solution of the environmental problems in the energy sector is to sort the coal and substitute the boilers for highly efficient automated ones, which will improve the fuel combustion conditions and reduce its consumption.
The modern state of the ecosystem in the Volga River delta ecotone and dynamics of the changes in water availability conditions
Authors: Valov M V , Barmin A N , Eroshkina O S , Probst E N
Published: November 2019

We prove that an abrupt amount of water-soluble salts in soils occurs due to rapid increase in heat provision under decrease in precipitation amount for the period with the temperatures above 10°C (under the integrated index of territories aridity, the G.T. Selyaninov coefficient is up to 0.3 or less). Based on the results of investigations from 137 model sites at the Volga River delta in the years with water availability contrast conditions (2014 and 2015 are years with little water and 2016 and 2017 are water-abundant years), we indicate a decrease in the volume of river runoff according to the landscape-ecological complex of soil-plant cover. We also show the toxicity level due to the increase in toxic Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+ under simultaneous decrease in the content of SO4
2- and Ca2+ ions. Moreover, there is a change in soil salinization type from chloride-sulphatic to sulphatic-chloride, which directly affects plant cover: total biomass and foliage cover decrease on all deltoid landscapes of high levels, the participation of sedge and herbs decreases, and role of forbs increases. These processes are blocked due to the rise of the subsequent conditions of abrupt water availability and move back. The greatest and the most rapid changes are observed within particularly extended alluvial natural boundaries of low level in the vegetation classes Phragmitetea R. Tx. Et Preising 1942 and Bolboschoenetea maritime Vicherek et R. Tx. 1969 ex R. Tx. et Hulb. 1971 at the level of associations and types.
Geoecological assessment of the water quality and bottom deposits of middle lake Baikal
Authors: Yanchuk M S , Vorobyeva I B , Vlasova N V
Published: November 2019

The article describes the western coast of Lake Baikal from the mouth of the Kuchelga River to the Maloe More strait. It also presents the data of the comprehensive assessment of the quality of the surface water and bottom deposits of the water area and western shore of Baikal which was conducted in the summer of 2016-2017. The study of the hydrochemical composition of the Baikal water has been conducted in the course of the research as well as of the following Tazheran lakes: Tyzgyi-Nur, Kholbo-Nur, Shadar-Nur, Tsagan-Tyrym. It has been established that, based on the content of microcomponents, the still and weakly alkaline waters of Lake Baikal meet the standards of the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) established for water bodies used for fishing and household purposes. The waters of the lakes refer to the hydrocarbonate type, calcium group. Based on their sum of ion, the lakes of Tyzgyi-Nur, Kholbo-Nur, Shadar-Nur and Tsagan-Tyrym refer to the brackish type, the waters of these lakes mostly have the hydrocarbonate and magnesium content with a predominance of sulfate ion. The levels of the content of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) in the water and bottom deposits have also been identified.
Investigation of technological variants of performing processing operations of logging works using chainsaws
Authors: Troyanov I , Abramov V , Chernykh A , Maksimenkov A
Published: November 2019

The paper proposes a new method to evaluate technical, technological and organizational parameters of the developed automated system for designing logging operations based on multi-level structural improvement in the processing procedure. To justify the optimal technology of this procedure, the complex indicator of specific energy consumption was introduced, and a mathematical apparatus sensitive to changes in a wide range of the worker’s characteristics was developed. Besides, the natural environment of the parameters of gasoline-powered tools, technology and process organization, and the worker’s individual characteristics such as qualification and fatigue were considered. The algorithms and programming software written in Delphi were elaborated to reliably predict the operation of various sets of gasoline-powered tools in 12 possible technological sequences based on the mathematical apparatus obtained. The discrepancy between the experimental and modeling data was found not to exceed 3-6 %. As a result of using the considered tools and software, it became possible to improve the performance of processing operations by identifying optimal technical and technological solutions under the given conditions of production and the natural environment at the stage of technological design.
Poplar testing and breeding in the Central Chernozem region of Russia
Authors: Tsarev A P , Tsareva R P , Tsarev V A
Published: November 2019

Poplar – Populus L. is a widely-distributed major forestry species in the north hemisphere. Here we investigated poplars selected in the local forests, introduced from different regions, and hybrids during the last 60 years. More than 300 clones and varieties were introduced from 30 locations of the former USSR and more than 4,000 new poplar hybrids were bred in the Voronezh region and maintained in the field collections and field tests of the Central Chernozem region. Based on the variety testing, we selected the most promising clones and varieties as well as developed the assortment for different target forest plantations. Also, the tested varieties were patented by the Federal Registration including the black and white poplars: ‘Steppe Lada’, ‘Breeze’, ‘Surprise’, ‘Bolide’, ‘Veduga’. We developed a new series of hybrids with P. tremula by collaborating with the Germany Ministry of Food and Agriculture. In these series the factorial crossings included the hybrids between the heart rot stable and fast-growing parental forms with unstable to decay parents. Our study will build the way of developing the heart rot stable genotypes of aspen based on the genetic architecture. Our varieties will strengthen the local timber supply and the reclamation of the disturbed lands as well as to replenish the assortments for landscaping in the region and other territories.
The new poplar hybrids’ growth in the Central Black Earth region of Russia
Authors: Tsarev A P , Tsareva R P , Tsarev V A , Miligula E N
Published: November 2019

The description of the following ten poplar hybrids bred in All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology (originator is A P Tsarev): white poplar hybrid ‘Veduga’, black poplar hybrids ‘Vertical’ and ‘Prolog’ and intersectional poplar hybrids ‘Strojn’, ‘Arctur’, ‘Arta’, ‘Versija’, ‘Peredel’, ‘Saturija’ and ‘Erida’ have been testing in the Shekhman’ experience site in the forest-steppe zone of Tambov region is presented. The rootage of 1-year-old hybrids and further its survival during 33 years of research are shown. It is noted that the dry year 2010 significantly affected the survival of plants, which resulted in its reduction in subsequent years in the whole site by almost half. The hybrids ‘Versija’, ‘Peredel’, ‘Saturija’ and ‘Erida’ have been more drought-resistant, the survival of which by the year 2015 did not fall below 70 %. The promising hybrids for massive, protective and greenery plantings of the region have been allocated. The best hybrids on growth energy and productivity in the region: ‘Veduga’, ‘Erida’, ‘Peredel’ and ‘Versija’, which in 25 years had average height of 20.4-23.8 m, diameter – 26.2-29.8 cm and volume of the trunk – 0.5-0.7 m3. At the age of 33 their indicators were 23-25 m, 28-32 cm and 0.55-0.8 m3 respectively.
Molecular identification of phytopathogenic fungi of forest-forming species in the Central Black Soil Region: English oak (Quercus robur L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Popova A A , Karpechenko I Yu , Tolbina I A , Syromyatnikov M Yu
Published: November 2019

The classical assessment method of trees infestation by phytopathogenic fungi is the collection of infected plant specimens and their morphological description. However, this method captures pathogenic fungi by the presence of fruiting bodies, which are not formed neither at the beginning of infection nor annually. This makes difficult the early pathogen detection. Molecular methods make it possible to accurately determine the genus (and in some cases - the species) of the fungus that infects the plant, even in the early stages of invasion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of molecular analysis methods on phytopathogenic fungi of Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. for monitoring the pathogen contamination of tree plantations of natural and urban systems in the Central European part of Russia. We isolated eukaryotic microorganisms from infected leaves and wood of P. sylvestris L. and Q. robur L. and performed DNA barcoding of these microorganisms. Fusarium sp., Hyphodontia pallidula, and Gibellulopis nigrescens were identified in P. sylvestris. During the molecular identification of eukaryotic microorganisms isolated from Q. robur we found that in 90 % of the cases the fungus Rhizopus oryzae was detected, in 10% of the cases - Sordaria sp. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of identification of plant pathogens by classical methods in combination with molecular methods.
State support of forestry enterprises in the Russian Federation in times of crisis
Authors: Panyavina E A , Sijacic-Nikolic M
Published: November 2019

Trends in the development of forestry enterprises indicate the presence of problems in their activities that contribute to the emergence of crises. The measures taken in a crisis have been identified with the help of a manager survey at the enterprises of the studied industry. It has been determined that optimization of the internal environment of enterprises directly depends on management decisions of management. The effective interaction with the external environment is impossible without support and regulation from the state. The analysis of the activities and development of forestry enterprises and the forest industry has made it possible to formulate a list of key problems hindering the development of the forestry complex in the Russian Federation. The enterprises are not able to solve the identified problems on their own. Government regulation and support are necessary, which is especially important during a crisis. It was determined that the existing regulatory and legal acts and measures for state support, including the promotion of the enterprise development in the industry, the development of exports and technologies, do not fully ensure the development of the forest complex and require substantial revision. The imperfection of the existing support mechanism, the presence of a number of problem points requiring a systematic approach has been proven. The directions for improving state support in times of crisis have been substantiated to ensure the sustainability of forestry enterprises, taking into account the peculiarities of their functioning. The obtained results open up new areas of research.
Effects of silver nanoparticles on morphometric parameters of hairy birch (Betula pubescens) at various stages of micro cloning
Authors: Zakharova O , Vasyukova I , Strekalova N , Gusev A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the study results of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) effectiveness for woody species explants sterilization as exemplified by hairy birch (Betula pubescens) at various stages of micro-clone propagation. It was shown that simultaneous application of 0.03% AgNPs+15% NaOCl at the stage of explant sterilization resulted in consistently sterile (90%) cell cultures throughout the 28-days cultivation period. When the growth medium was modified with AgNPs at concentrations of 1.5 - 3 μg/l at the multiplication and rooting stages it dramatically reduced phytopathogenic contamination of the explants and regenerants thus increasing the number of surviving plantlets up to 100%. Besides, the analysis results carried out for the photosynthetic and enzyme activity display high stress-resistance potential of the studied plants compared with the control. The obtained results allow one to conclude that AgNPs have high effectiveness and application potential when used in microclonal propagation of woody plants.
Cytological characteristics of birch and alder pollen (different breeding forms) used in hybridization
Authors: Isakov I , Blagodarova T , Sivolapov A
Published: November 2019

Hybrids of some species of birch trees form completely sterile seeds (laboratory germination is zero in some hybrids, such as Karelian birch × Chinese white birch of inbred and outbred origin). It was noted analyzing the size distribution of birch pollen. Six size classes of pollen grains were identified, the modal values of which are arranged in increasing order as follows: 17 µm, 22 µm, 28 µm, 33 µm, 39 µm and 44 µm. The process of development of the male generative sphere proceeds without significant deviations in the studied black and gray alder trees. It ends with the formation of high-quality, aligned pollen. The obtained data indicate that one group of trees show normal formation of the reproductive sphere. It indicates the reasonableness of including them in the breeding process
Comparative evaluation of biostimulator efficiency on corn seeds germination: keratin protein and preparation Ribav Extra
Authors: Bryndina L , Ilyina N , Baklanova O , Moiseyeva E
Published: November 2019

Recently, great interest in agricultural production has been manifested to preparations of biological origin. Production of biostimulants is in great demand, as small concentrations of these substances are able to maximize the potential of plants, increase their quality and productivity. One of the promising sources of biostimulants is keratin-containing raw materials. It is characterized by a high content of keratin protein. The peculiarities of its chemical composition and structural and mechanical properties require a concretization of the approach to the methods of processing and processing of this unconventional type of waste. Due to enzymatic hydrolysis of keratin preparation of actinomycete Str. chromogenes s. g. 0832 managed to obtain a highly effective biostimulator for plants. The content of free amino acids in it is 82.2%. Hydrolysate contains all essential amino acids; the sum of essential amino acids was 42.66 %. In the comparative evaluation of the biostimulator from keratin pen and the preparation of plant origin “Ribav Extra” the best results were obtained when processing corn seeds with hydrolysate of animal origin. The germination energy in this case was higher than the control samples by 18%, germination increased by 10% compared to the control and by 5% compared to Ribav Extra.
Computational Models of Building Structures. Visualization and Intelligent Content Design
Authors: Kovalchuk Oleg , Taranchuk Valery
Published: November 2019

On the basis of the author’s methodology using Wolfram Research technology received and presented science-intensive, adaptive content, which is the result of research in solving problems of modeling, calculation, analysis and visualization of building structures. The article reviewed the main elements, examples of hook up of functions and options of the system Wolfram Mathematica, which provides an extension and addition of electronic resources by means of intelligent computing and interactive visualization.
Testing the Suitability of the Reinforced Foam Concrete Layer Application in the Track Bed Structure
Authors: Izvolt Libor , Dobes Peter , Mecar Martin
Published: November 2019

The paper describes experimental activity carried out at the Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina. It focuses on assessing the suitability of the application of thermal insulation material (the reinforced foam concrete layer) in the track bed structure. Within the experimental measurements, the traffic load (static load component) and non-traffic load (the effect of climatic factors) were monitored. The experimental measurements were carried out on individual segments of the experimental field, differing in thickness of reinforced foam concrete layer and deformation resistance of the subgrade sub-surface.
Investigation of Seismic Behaviour of Low-Temperature Tanks Taking into Account Loose Perlite Insulation
Authors: Shigapov Rustam , Kovalchuk Oleg
Published: November 2019

This paper explores some specific features of seismic analysis of low-temperature tanks for storage of large amounts of liquefied gases under near-atmospheric pressure. Major construction types of this kind of tanks are composed of two vertical cylindrical containers with loose perlite insulation in between. The research is carried out to estimate the influence of the presence of loose isolation on a dynamic interaction between inner and outer vessels and stored liquid in case of a full tank and in case of an empty tank. It is concluded that the effects of this interaction can be neglected in case of a full tank and can’t be neglected in case of an empty tank.
Probabilistic Estimation Seismic Resistance of Plain Steel Frame
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg , Sergey Bulushev
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the study is to estimate the coefficient K1, which considers the permissible damage to buildings and structures in a probabilistic formulation. For the study, a flat steel frame was designed in accordance with SP 14.13330.2014 “Construction in seismic regions”. The frame calculation was performed in the LS-DYNA software package in a nonlinear dynamic formulation for a set of synthesized accelerograms. The set of accelerograms represents 50 implementations of random earthquake action with a fixed mathematical expectation of the dominant frequency. By gradually increasing the intensity of the action, the frame was brought to fracture in a numerical experiment, the results of which determined the safety margin of load-bearing capacity at each implementation. Further, by considering the safety margin and coefficient K1, their average values were determined. The obtained results showed that the actual coefficient K1 for the structure under study is significantly lower than its standard value, and the steel structure under consideration has a significant margin of seismic resistance. Thus, the developed method enables to estimate the actual value of the coefficient K1.
Effective Characteristics of a Layered Hollow Cylindrical Body of Elastic Creeping Materials
Authors: Bobyleva Tatyana , Shamaev Alexei
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of a layered composite pipe. The layers alternate in pairs and consist of elastic-creeping materials. The work is devoted to the study of the mechanical properties of the composite material with the help of its microstructure. Processes are studied with a typical pipe radius which is much more than the typical winding width. Heterogeneous layered material behaves as a certain “effective” material without layers in such processes. The method of calculation of effective moduli based on mathematical homogenization theory is described. Creep kernels are given by the sum of a finite number of decreasing exponential functions.