bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Functionalized Chitosan in the Development of Electrochemical Sensor for Trace Detection of Pb (II)
Authors: Sarikokba Sarikokba , Lalmalsawmi Jongte , Lee Seung Mok , Tiwari Diwakar
Published: June 2022

Fabrication of a working electrode with silane grafted chitosan (CHTMS) employed in the sensitive detection of Pb(II) in aqueous media is presented. Several advanced analytical methods have extensively characterized the nanocomposite material. The prepared material was subsequently employed for modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which show a 3-fold enhancement in surface area compared with the bare GCE, and a charge transfer resistance of 678.7 Ω. The modified electrode was employed in the sensitive determination of Pb(II) in aqueous media using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), where optimization of experimental parameters such as pH, deposition time and deposition potential was carried out. Under optimized conditions, the linear regression and correlation coefficient were obtained, which show that Pb(II) can be detected over a wide concentration range with a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 2.83 μg l−1, which is lower than the permissible limit set by the WHO. For practical applicability, reproducibility and stability tests as well as real water sample analyses were further performed, with the obtained recovery rates showing promising results.
Efficient and Highly Reliable Spintronic Non-volatile Quaternary Memory Based on Carbon Nanotube FETs and Multi-TMR MTJs
Authors: BahmanAbadi Motahareh , Amirany Abdolah , Jafari Kian , Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2022

Due to the limitations of traditional binary circuits, such as high power consumption and large area and interconnections density, multi-valued logic (MVL) was offered as a solution. Quaternary logic is a form of MVL that is highly compatible with binary systems. This paper proposes a low-cost and highly reliable non-volatile quaternary memory benefiting from the adjustable threshold voltage property of gate-all-around carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (GAA-CNTFET) and non-volatile nature of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). The proposed quaternary memory occupies less area and consumes lower power. The simulation results show that the proposed design offers up to 53%, 41%, and 69% lower average power, static power, and write power. Moreover, it offers up to 47% and 34% lower read power delay product (PDP) and write PDP, respectively. The proposed latch also occupies up to 23% lower area than the state-of-the-art non-volatile quaternary memories.
Aortic distensibility is equal in prepubertal girls and boys and increases with puberty in girls
Authors: Mizrak Ikram , Asserhoej Louise L. , Lund Morten A. V. , Greisen Gorm , Clausen Tine D. , Main Katharina M. , Vejlstrup Niels G. , Jensen Rikke B. , Pinborg Anja , Madsen Per L.
Published: June 2022

Although it has been suggested that sex differences in conductance artery function may exist early in childhood, this study demonstrates that the well-known, sex-related difference in conductance artery stiffness (hence Windkessel function) in adulthood is not established before puberty. Thus, healthy prepubertal girls and boys have comparable conductance artery compliance. In contrast to previous studies, our study suggests that pubertal girls develop a more distensible aorta than prepubertal children.
Protection and Planning of Historic Districts Based on Internet of Things Perception
Authors: Zhao Qing , Ren YunYing
Published: June 2022

With the development of the Internet of Things era, the Internet of Things technology has been gradually accepted by people and gradually entered the category of block management, but the specific practical application scope is not wide enough. At present, the community management of residents in blocks generally adopts closed management, and there are some problems such as insufficient scope of property management, weak strength, and serious waste of human resources. Incomplete development of the hidden value is of cultural tourism blocks. At the same time, there are still some problems in the traffic management of blocks, such as incomplete monitoring scope and weak supervision. Therefore, this study proposes a bilevel programming model to solve the optimization scheme of block road network, adopts the complete information game model to analyze the imbalance between property and residents, and adopts the AHP fuzzy evaluation method to detect the current life happiness coefficient of urban residents and collect residents’ suggestions for the future planning of historical blocks. Because the perception layer of the Internet of Things has the advantages of rapidity, accuracy, and unmanned operation, it can contribute a practical force to the protection and planning of historical blocks quickly and at low cost.
3D Animation Automatic Generation System Design Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Cao Yongli , Wan Lei , Shi Lili
Published: June 2022

In the field of 3D animation design and generation, the expression generation method of animation is not obvious due to the lack of image details, which leads to the lack of realism of the generated animation expressions. In order to solve this problem, a deep learning-based animation character expression generation method is proposed. The method, based on the real facial expression images, uses improved deep learning to design cascade classifiers, extracts facial expression feature images from real images, softens image edges, and enhances feature details. The content and style of images are unified, the loss function is designed from the content constraints and style constraints, the judgment network is optimized, and the feature information is fused under the constraints of the loss function to generate the facial expressions of animated characters. The experimental results show that the design based on the feature point location of the improved deep learning expression generation method is accurate, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the input image and the generated image is high, the root mean square error is small, and the realism of the generated facial expression is enhanced.
Efficacy of Internal Heat Acupuncture Combined with High-Voltage Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency on Subacute Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fei Yong , Yao Ming , Huang Bing , Xu Longsheng , Liu Beibei
Published: June 2022

Objectives. This study aims at investigating the internal heat acupuncture (IHA) combined with the high-voltage long-duration pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapeutic effect on subacute postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods. This retrospective study comprised 81 cases with PHN. They were divided into three groups: IHA combined with the high-voltage long-duration PRF group (IHA-PRF), intradermal injection combined with the high-voltage long-duration PRF group (II-PRF), and the high-voltage long-duration PRF group. The pain numerical rating score (NRS), IL-6, Gal-3, and blood glucose levels were recorded before and after treatment. Results. Compared with before treatment, NRS scores of the three groups were all decreased at each time point. NRS scores of the IHA-PRF group patients decreased significantly in comparison to the PRF group at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks following treatment, while group II-PRF only decreased significantly at one week following treatment. Compared with groups II-PRF and PRF, respectively, IL-6 and Gal-3 levels in plasma of patients in group IHA-PRF were significantly decreased at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. The effective rate of group IHA-PRF was 88.9%, which was considerably more than the other groups, II-PRF (63.0%) and PRF (63.0%). Compared with group II-PRF, patients’ blood glucose levels in IHA-PRF and PRF groups significantly decreased three days and one week after treatment. Conclusion. Internal heat acupuncture combined with high-voltage long-duration pulsed radiofrequency has a satisfactory therapeutic effect on subacute PHN and has no obvious adverse reactions, which is especially suitable for patients with poor blood glucose control.
Research on Airflow Cooling Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Engine Blade Surface Machining
Authors: Qiu Lei , Zheng Shaoyong , Liu Lanlan , Hong Shuli , Chi Jun
Published: June 2022

This paper studied the airflow cooling during blade surface processing and explained the applicable occasions of airflow cooling. The flat heat transfer model was used to study the characteristics of the cooling airflow during blade surface processing. The study of the model showed that the cooling coefficient of the airflow was affected by speed and pressure. Furthermore, the generation and strength of the autogenous cooling airflow were closely related to the physical properties of the grinding tool. In terms of processing heat generation, this paper used the Johnson‐Cook material constitutive model to calculate the residual heat on the surface of the processed blade, and the surface temperature rise was within a controllable range. For the airflow intensity generated by the high‐speed rotation of the tool, the airflow preset method was used to verify whether it meets the processing conditions.
[Retracted] The Application of the Internet of Things Framework in the Ideological and Political Teaching System
Authors: Qiu Bei , Ikram Pakiza
Published: June 2022

This study uses Internet of Things technology to build a smart system for ideological and political education in order to remove several flaws in present ideological and political teaching. Furthermore, to achieve intelligent monitoring of the ideological and political classroom, this research uses a technique based on IGHT edge feature matching and the ideological and political classroom monitoring image monitoring calculation formula to compute the image light reflection angle. In addition, this paper adopts the method of adaptively obtaining segmentation threshold (OTSU algorithm) to binarize the differenced image. After constructing the smart teaching system, this paper conducts a systematic evaluation based on the simulation experiment. The research results show that the ideological and political teaching system based on the Internet of Things technology proposed in this paper has a good simulation teaching effect, and the system can be used in the follow‐up ideological and political teaching to improve the teaching effect.
MCM6 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via the Notch Pathway: Clinical, Functional, and Genomic Insights
Authors: Hou Liangjuan , Zeng Xin , Li Xuan , Zhao Chune , Zou Juan , Li Yukun , Liu Gang
Published: June 2022

Objective. To evaluate the expression profile of MCM6 in HCC and the relationship between MCM6 level and clinicopathological parameters through bioinformatics analysis of several databases. Methods. MCM expression level, clinical parameters, survival data, and gene set enrichment analysis were analyzed by bioinformatics database, including Oncomine™, UALCAN, HCCDB, TCGA, cBioPortal, and LinkedOmics. Real-time PCR, western blotting, and IHC staining were conducted to identify the expression of MCM6 in HCC compared to normal liver tissues. Results. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mRNA of MCM6 was obviously increased in multiple cancer types, especially in HCC. MCM6 level was positively associated with multiple clinical parameters (stage 3 and grades 3 and 4) and negatively associated with patient outcomes (overall survival). Moreover, enrichment of functions and signaling pathways analysis of MCM6 suggested that MCM6 might mediate DNA replication and cellular metabolism to promote the development and progression of HCC. Furthermore, IHC staining and western blotting indicated that the MCM6 was enhanced in HCC tissue, and MCM6 could promote HCC proliferation in activating Notch pathway via WB and bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion. This study actually revealed the expression and related functions of MCM6 in HCC. Furthermore, MCM6 is a carcinogenic role in activating Notch pathway to promote HCC cell proliferation, which may be a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
A Cohort Study to Compare Effects between Ulcer- and Nonulcer-Related Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Nian Bi , Wang Bangping , Wang Long , Yi Lanjuan
Published: June 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to better understand the characteristics and etiology of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) in recent years in this region and to provide evidence-based medical evidence. Methods. 100 patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) who met the clinical diagnostic criteria of ANVUGIB admitted to Suzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were analyzed, as well as the age difference and change rule. According to age, 100 patients were divided into young (18-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and elderly (60 years and above), and the differences in the three groups were compared. The etiology was confirmed by endoscopic examination and was recorded one by one in a well-designed ANVUGIB case data registration form. Statistical software SPSS 23.0 was used for analysis. Results. Gastric ulcer was the main cause in the elderly group (50.0%), duodenal ulcer was the main cause in the middle and young groups, and gastrointestinal cancer (7.1%) and marginal ulcer (2.3%) in the elderly group were higher than those in the young group. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (52.3%) were the main inducement in the elderly group, which was significantly higher than in the middle-aged group (13.1%) and the young group (5%) (

P
<
0.01

). Drinking, fatigue, and emotional excitement led to a higher proportion in the middle-aged group and the young group, in comparison to the elderly group (

P
<
0.01

). Conclusion. Peptic ulcer is the most common cause of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, followed by acute gastric mucosal lesions and upper digestive system tumors, compared with nonulcer.
Generalized Derivations and Generalized Jordan Derivations on C∗‐Algebras through Zero Products
Authors: Zivari-Kazempour Abbas , Bodaghi Abasalt
Published: June 2022

Let A be a unital C∗‐algebra and X be a unitary Banach A‐bimodule. In this paper, we characterize continuous generalized derivations and generalized Jordan derivations as form D : A⟶X through the action on zero product. In other words, we show that under some conditions on elements of A, a linear map on A can be a generalized Jordan derivation.
An Experimental Study on the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury after Exercise Based on Multifunctional Material‐Like Particles
Authors: Ouyang Zhaoshu , Tang Guang , Tang Shibin , Peng Linyan
Published: June 2022

Spinal cord injury is a serious neurological injury disease. With the improvement of living standards in China in recent years, we began to develop sports hobbies, so the cases of sports spinal cord injury also increased. The main cause of spinal cord injury is the microenvironment after spinal cord injury, which prevents nerve regeneration. With the support of the state and the efforts of regenerative medical scientists in China, remarkable progress has been made in the reconstruction of microenvironment after spinal cord injury in recent years. The scaffold was combined with multifunctional nanoparticle repair technology to reconstruct the microenvironment of nerve regeneration by transplantation. The purpose of this paper is to carry out an experimental analysis on the repair of spinal cord injury after exercise based on multifunctional nanomaterial particles, and this paper takes badminton as an example to explore. The microenvironment of spinal cord injury was improved by implantation of multifunctional nanomaterial particles and nerve regeneration collagen scaffold. We found 48 patients with spinal cord injury after badminton and divided them into two groups. The pilot group was treated with a multifunctional nanomaterial granular nerve scaffold, whereas the treatment in the control group was with ordinary drugs. The experimental group was followed up for nine months, starting one month after the surgery. After nine months of experimental investigation, we found that the treatment of multifunctional nanoparticle nerve scaffold can not only reduce the injury area and scar formation but also promote the regeneration of nerve microenvironment and the recovery of body function and motor function of patients and reduce the inflammatory reaction caused by injury and pain.
Path–Based Continuous Spatial Keyword Queries
Authors: Chen Fangshu , Zhang Pengfei , Yu Chengcheng , Lin Huaizhong , Tang Shan , Hu Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the path based continuous spatial keyword queries, which find the answer set continuously when the query point moves on a given path. Under this setting, we explore two primitive spatial keyword queries, namely k nearest neighbor query and range query. The technical challenges lie in that: (1) retrieving qualified vertices in large road networks efficiently, and (2) issuing the query continuously for points on the path, which turns out to be inapplicable. To overcome the above challenges, we first propose a backbone road network index structure (BNI), which supports the distance computation efficiently and offers a global insights of the whole road network. Motivated by the safe zone technique, we then transform our queries to the issue of finding event points, which capture the changes of answer set. By this transformation, our queries are to be simple and feasible. To answer the queries, we propose a Two‐Phase Progressive (TPP) computing framework, which first computes the answer sets for some crucial vertices on the path, and then identifies the event points by the retrieved answer sets. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data sets are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms, and the results show that our algorithms outperform competitors by several orders of magnitude.
Nomogram to Predict Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremities: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Yang Xing-Yao , He Xin , Zhao Yun
Published: June 2022

Background. Synovial sarcoma is a rare disease, and synovial sarcoma that first appears in the extremities accounts for more than 80% of cases. We established two nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of patients with synovial sarcoma. Methods. A total of 227 patients diagnosed with synovial sarcoma in the extremities between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to explore independent prognostic factors and to create two separate nomograms for OS and CSS. The C-index, the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and Kaplan–Meier (KM) curve were used to evaluate the column line graphs and analyze prognostic factors. Results. Age, Stage M, and surgery were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS. The ROC curve showed good discriminative power for the nomogram. Calibration curves and DCA curves showed that the nomogram had a satisfactory ability to predict OS and CSS. The KM curve showed that chemotherapy alone did not affect patient survival. Conclusion. Age, Stage M, and surgery are variables that affect OS and CSS in patients with synovial sarcoma in the extremities. Two nomograms were established based on the above variables to provide patients with more accurate individual survival predictions and to help physicians make appropriate clinical decisions.
Analysis of Chinese Image Discourse Based on Crawler Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: June 2022

The study explores the construction of China's image in the context of a major public health event such as the Newcastle pneumonia epidemic by crawling social media data in China during the epidemic prevention and control period. The study argues that, in the era of new media, especially self-media, the image of China in Chinese social media during the prevention and control of the Newcastle pneumonia epidemic presents multiple types of images, ranging from a “dual” image of those fighting and preventing the epidemic in their home country and their country of residence to a “dual” image of those being questioned and even those being “questioned” in their home country and their country of residence. “It is worth noting that in March 2020, the number of people who have been affected by the epidemic in their home countries will be increased to 3,000. It is worth mentioning that in mid to late March 2020, Chinese people in China had a serious negative image crisis, but it was quickly repaired through mechanisms such as government “stabilisers,” mainstream media “gatekeepers,” and audience “self-purification.” One of the lessons is that image repair relies on the “stabiliser,” the “gatekeeper” of mainstream media, and the “self-purification” of the audience. One of the lessons is that image repair relies on the triple factor of “real society—audience” working together. The second lesson is that while the open Internet environment can generate a lot of exaggerated and false information; at the same time, audiences, including Chinese people, can remove misunderstandings and bridge differences through active voices and debates and activate rational and healthy positive energy. The epidemic is a “danger” and an “opportunity” for China’s image.
A Novel Biomarker, FKBP10, for Poor Prognosis Prediction in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Yongshuang , Li Shuofeng , Zhang Meng , Liu Xin , Ju Guanqun , Hou Jianquan
Published: June 2022

Objective. To screen genes associated with poor prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CcRCC) from the public databases HPA (Human Protein Atlas), UALCAN, and GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) and to investigate the expression of FKBP10 in CcRCC and the effect on prognosis of the patients and the biological behavior of CcRCC cells. Methods. The tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues of 42 patients with CcRCC diagnosed and treated in our hospital were collected, and the general information of the patients was recorded. FKBP10 expression in the tissues was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, and its relationship with general information and prognosis of patients was analyzed. Knockdown or overexpression experiments were carried out with the human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 and CcRCC cell lines Caki-1, 786-O, ACHN, and A498 to verify the relationship between FKBP10 expression and cell proliferation and adhesion ability using MTT assay and fibronectin adhesion assay, respectively. Western blot was utilized to examine the protein expression level of c-Myc, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 in the cells. Results. FKBP10 was highly expressed in CcRCC tissues and cells and was correlated with poor prognosis. In addition, FKBP10 expression was positively correlated with CcRCC tumor size and staging and negatively correlated with tumor differentiation. Moreover, knockdown of FKBP10 significantly inhibited the proliferation of CcRCC cells, notably declined the protein expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2, and promoted cell adhesion. Conclusion. FKBP10 is highly expressed in CcRCC tissues and cells and is associated with poor prognosis in patients. FKBP10 participated in the occurrence and development of CcRCC by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis and adhesion.
Evaluation of DNA Damage, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, and Status of Antioxidant Enzymes in Freshwater Fish (Labeo rohita) Exposed to Pyriproxyfen
Authors: Li Xuwen , Naseem Sumaira , Hussain Riaz , Ghaffar Abdul , Li Kun , Khan Ahrar
Published: June 2022

Pyriproxyfen (PPF) mimics a natural hormone in insects and disrupts their growth. It is a well-known synthetic insecticide and aromatic juvenile hormone analog frequently used in agriculture and vegetable crops to control various insect species. At present, scanty information is available about the possible potential threats of PPF in aquatic organisms. Therefore, in this study, different toxico-pathologic endpoints of PPF like DNA damage, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and status of antioxidant enzymes were determined in Labeo rohita (freshwater fish). In our study, 60 active, free from any external obvious ailments, same size, age, and body mass were randomly allocated to four glass aquaria (T0-T3) separately containing 100 L water. The fish present in groups T1, T2, and T3 were administered PPF dissolved in water 300, 600, and 900 μg/L for 30 days. Different tissues including the blood and visceral organs were obtained from each fish on days 10, 20, and 30 of the experiment. Results on various morphological and nuclear changes in red blood cells of PPF-exposed Labeo rohita fish including pear-shaped erythrocytes, spherocytes, red blood cells with a blebbed nucleus, micronucleus, and nuclear remnants were significantly increased. Our results on genotoxicity (comet assay) recorded significantly (

P
≤
0.05

) increased DNA damage in various tissues of insecticide-exposed fish. The results on oxidative stress profile (reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in multiple tissues of Labeo rohita fish concluded significantly (

P
≤
0.05

) higher quantity of biomarkers of oxidative stress and lower concentrations of different antioxidant enzymes in treated fish. Hence, the findings of our experimental research determine that PPF could induce adverse toxic impacts on multiple tissues of Labeo rohita fish.
Conformal Metrics to a Product or Doubly Warped Product on S2×S2 and the Hopf Conjecture
Authors: Seck Thierno , Niang Athoumane
Published: June 2022

Hopf’s well‐known conjecture states that there exists no metric of positive sectional curvature in the product manifold . In this paper, we show that the Hopf conjecture is true for conformal metrics to the product metric or doubly warped products on .
Electroacupuncture at Zusanli Alleviates Sepsis by Regulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-Kappa B Pathway and Diversity of Intestinal Flora
Authors: Zhan Lianghui , Liu Hao , Zheng Jingru , Meng Jianbiao , Fu Danting , Pang Lisha , Ji Chunlian
Published: June 2022

Background. Electroacupuncture (EA) at the Zusanli acupoint (ST36) has shown therapeutic potential for sepsis due to its ability to limit inflammation and to regulate gastrointestinal tract symptoms. However, the mechanisms contributing to the effects of EA at ST36 on sepsis and connections with the intestinal flora remain unclear. This study was designed to explore the effects of EA at ST36 on Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and the intestinal flora. Methods. ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, EA group, and sham EA group. EA at ST36 was performed at 2.5 mA and 2 to 100 Hz, and the 30 min of dense wave was achieved over 5 days. A sepsis model was built by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/mL). The levels of expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum were measured by biochemical tests. Expression levels of Bax, Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3, Toll-like receptor (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) were assessed by the Western blotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. The intestinal microecology was assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results. EA at ST36 reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased the expression of IL-10 to inhibit the inflammatory response. EA at ST36 also inhibited apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL staining, and decreased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and levels of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3, as well as LDH release. Our results suggest that alleviation of sepsis may correlate with the downregulation of levels of TLR4, NF-κB, and MyD88. Importantly, EA at ST36 improved the diversity of the intestinal flora and increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Conclusion. EA at ST36 prevented sepsis from worsening by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, which correlated with the regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling axis and modulation of the intestinal flora.
Modern Machine-Learning Predictive Models for Diagnosing Infectious Diseases
Authors: Alqaissi Eman Yahia , Alotaibi Fahd Saleh , Ramzan Muhammad Sher
Published: June 2022

Controlling infectious diseases is a major health priority because they can spread and infect humans, thus evolving into epidemics or pandemics. Therefore, early detection of infectious diseases is a significant need, and many researchers have developed models to diagnose them in the early stages. This paper reviewed research articles for recent machine-learning (ML) algorithms applied to infectious disease diagnosis. We searched the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, and IEEE databases from 2015 to 2022, identified the pros and cons of the reviewed ML models, and discussed the possible recommendations to advance the studies in this field. We found that most of the articles used small datasets, and few of them used real-time data. Our results demonstrated that a suitable ML technique depends on the nature of the dataset and the desired goal. Moreover, heterogeneous data could ensure the model’s generalization, while big data, many features, and a hybrid model will increase the resulting performance. Furthermore, using other techniques such as deep learning and NLP to extract vast features from unstructured data is a powerful approach to enhancing the performance of ML diagnostic models.
Personalized College English Learning Based on Deep Learning under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Huang Jingjing
Published: June 2022

Generally, in-depth learning has been extensively employed in numerous industries to enhance the growth of economic globalization since the dawn of the big data age. At the same time, the demand for foreign language talent has risen dramatically, and more and more businesses are steadily raising their English proficiency standards. International interactions, as well as scientific and technical exchanges, are influenced by English communicating competence. As a result, colleges and universities place a high value on students studying English. However, English learning is also a compulsory course in Colleges and universities, which is different from other courses. Therefore, in setting teaching objectives, arranging teaching activities, and compiling teaching contents, we should highlight students’ personalized needs and formulate learning plans in combination with the individual requirements of each student. Aiming at this problem, this paper adopts the deep learning method to study the personalized learning of College English. Deep learning algorithm utilization in the development of college students’ English learning reduces teachers’ workload and focuses more on students’ personalized needs, which is beneficial to teachers’ teaching and students’ learning. By analyzing the deep learning neural network model, the process of English speech recognition is described, and the characteristic parameters of English speech are extracted. Then compare and explain the characteristics of deep learning and shallow learning, analyze the relationship between them, and clarify the route of deep learning. Finally, the effect of College Students’ personalized learning is analyzed by random sampling, and the effect of College English personalized learning based on deep learning is explained from two aspects: listening effect and reading practice.
Extensive HPV Genotyping Reveals High Association between Multiple Infections and Cervical Lesions in Chinese Women
Authors: Zhong Fangfang , Yu Ting , Ma Xiaoxi , Wang Shunni , Cong Qing , Tao Xiang
Published: June 2022

Objective. The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical lesions has been extensively elucidated, but infection with multiple genotypes is less investigated due to methodology limitations. In the current study, with a method of genotyping 21 HPVs in a routine cervical screening population, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of HPV infections in Chinese women and further evaluate the impact of multiple infections of HPV on cervical lesion progression. Methods. Totally, 73,596 patients who underwent 21-genotype HPV testing from January 2018 to April 2019 were retrieved from the database of the Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. HPV testing was performed by real-time PCR assay, including 13 high-risk HPVs (hrHPV), 5 potential hrHPVs, and 3 low-risk HPVs. Results. Of the 17,079 (infection rate, 23.2%) hrHPV- or potential hrHPV- (hr/phrHPV-) positive cases, 26.3% had multiple infections. Women younger than 25 and older than 65 were more prone to multiple infections. Of the hr/phrHPV-positive cases involving cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse (CIN2+), HPV73, 53, and 66 (=59) were the top three genotypes most likely to be included in multiple infections, while HPV16, 18, and 58 were the 3 least. Patients with single infection of HPV16 had higher incidences of CIN2+ than those with multiple-infection pattern (

P
<
0.001

), indicating that mixing with other genotypes alleviated pathogenicity. The infection of HPV52, 53, 56, 51, 39, 66, 59, 68, and 35 showed an opposite pattern, indicating that they were less likely to be pathogens individually. All other types showed no significant differences, indicating the capability of pathogenesis independently. HPV26 showed a higher OR for CIN2+ than most traditional hrHPV genotypes. The vial load and the percentage of HPV16 showed positive correlation with the severity of cervical lesions. Conclusion. Extensive genotyping identified 3 most frequent genotypes, HPV16, 52, and 58, in CIN2+ of Chinese population. HPV16 mixing with other genotypes alleviated its pathogenicity. The vial load and the percentage of HPV16 were positively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions. HPV26 may be considered as a hrHPV, which needs to be evaluated and confirmed by more cases.
Impact of Zinc to Copper Ratio and Lipocalin 2 in Obese Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Demerdash Hala M. , Sabry Ahmed A. , Arida Omar E.
Published: June 2022

Worldwide, obesity constitutes a significant health issue. There is the perception that obesity is influenced by subclinical inflammation caused by trace elements (TE). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an adipokine that is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue, largely in response to metabolic stress; TE deficiency is expressed in metabolic dysfunction as increased oxidative stress, the development of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. The primary aim of this study is to explore the relationship between Lcn2 inflammatory biomarkers and the TE status of subjects with morbid obesity who are undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG); the secondary aim is to evaluate the Zn‐to‐Cu ratio in those with a detected TE deficiency. When this prospective cohort study was conducted, 107 subjects with morbid obesity (i.e., 69 women, 38 men) ranging in age from 20 to 55 years were recruited. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations were performed preoperatively and nine months postoperatively; and blood samples were collected to determine the subjects’ iron, Zn, Cu, Lcn2, and other inflammatory biomarkers. The results revealed 16.82% of the subjects exhibited preoperative Zn deficiency, which increased to 22.43% postoperatively; none of studied subjects exhibited Cu deficiency in the two consecutive measurements; and the 10.28% preoperative prevalence of iron deficiency increased to 15.89% postoperatively. While a negative correlation was observed between the delta body weight change and Lcn2, leptin, and HOMA‐IR, a positive correlation was observed between the delta body weight change and the Zn‐to‐Cu ratio. These findings suggest the existence of preoperative obesity is associated with inflammatory status that may be triggered by TE deficiency and impaired insulin sensitivity; moreover, LSG may accentuate TE deficiency. As such, a patient’s Lcn2 and Zn‐to‐Cu ratio may be utilized as potential biomarkers of their TE status and metabolic improvement after LSG.
Two Strains of Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio) Exhibit Diverse Responses to Carbohydrates in a Low-Lipid Diet
Authors: Song Xuerong , Liu Haokun , Han Dong , Jin Junyan , Zhu Xiaoming , Yang Yunxia , Xie Shouqi
Published: June 2022

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate carbohydrate use in a low-lipid diet between different strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). The wild-type Dongting strain and artificially selected CASIII strain were fed three levels of carbohydrate: 15%, 30%, and 45%, in a low-lipid formulation (4%). The results showed that low-lipid supplementation with high carbohydrate seems to improve the feeding rate (FR) and specific growth rate (SGR), while it did not result in hyperglycaemia in gibel carp. Transcriptional regulation was slightly affected by carbohydrate levels; only hepatic pfk expression was more increased in the 30% and 45% carbohydrate diets than in the 15% carbohydrate diet (

p
<
0.05

). Regarding the strains, CASIII obtained higher growth performance by having higher FR and SGR than Dongting (

p
<
0.05

). Relatively higher glycaemia was found in CASIII, and it was coupled with increased plasma triglycerides and insulin (

p
>
0.05

). Enhanced gene expression of pk involved in glycolysis and decreased mRNA levels of pepck in gluconeogenesis were also observed in CASIII (

p
<
0.05

). There were strong

strain
∗
diet

interactions of gene expression involved in lipogenesis, and Dongting had higher mRNA levels of srebp-1, acly, and fas when fed carbohydrate at 45% (

p
<
0.05

). In conclusion, the tolerant level of carbohydrates in a low-lipid diet could be up to 45% for gibel carp by an improvement of growth and noninducement of postprandial plasma glucose. CASIII had a better ability to use dietary carbohydrates for growth with active glycolysis and restrained gluconeogenesis, and Dongting had more potential in lipid metabolism in response to carbohydrate intake.
The Effect and Related Mechanism of Action of Astragalus Compatible with Curcumin against Colon Cancer Metastasis in Mice
Authors: Wu Jiafei , Tang Decai
Published: June 2022

Colon cancer (CC) is the third most common tumor worldwide. Colon carcinogenesis is strongly linked to inflammation. The initiation and progression of colon cancer may be influenced by epigenetic processes. Cancer metastasis is a multistep process involving several genes and their products. During tumor metastasis, cancer cells first enhance their proliferative capacity by lowering autophagy and apoptosis, and then, their capacity is stimulated by boosting tumors’ ability to take nutrients from the outside via angiogenesis. Traditional treatment focuses on eliminating tumor cells by triggering cell death or activating the immune system, which often results in side effects or chemoresistance recurrence. On the contrary, Chinese medicine theory considers the patient’s entire inner system and aids in tumor shrinkage while also taking into account the mouse’ general health. Because many Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) are consumed as food, using edible CHMs as a diet resource therapy for colon cancer treatment is a viable option. Two traditional Chinese herbs, Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria, are commonly utilized jointly in colon cancer preventive therapy. As a result, the anticancer effect of astragalus and curcumin (AC) on colon cancer suppression in an 18-week AOM-DSS colon cancer mouse model is investigated in this research. These findings may offer a scientific foundation for investigating colon cancer diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic application of AC in colon cancer treatment. These studies also highlighted the potential effect and mechanism of AC in the treatment of colon cancer, as well as providing insight into how to effectively use it.
Plasma Adrenal Androgens and Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Page John H. , Colditz Graham A. , Rifai Nader , Barbieri Robert L. , Willett Walter C. , Hankinson Susan E.
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Plasma DHEA and its sulfate (DHEA-S) are positively associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women; but the relationships have not been studied in detail in premenopausal women. We prospectively evaluated relationships between plasma levels of DHEA and DHEA-S in blood samples provided by a group of primarily premenopausal women and subsequent breast cancer, by use of case-control sampling from the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Method: Blood samples were collected from 1989 to 1990. Among women who were not postmenopausal at blood collection, 302 were diagnosed with breast cancer between blood collection and June 1998. Two controls were selected per case and matched with respect to age, menopausal status, month and time of day of blood collection, and fasting status at blood collection. Statistical analyses using conditional logistic regression were done to adjust for potential confounders. Results: At time of blood collection, the median age was 49 (10th to 90th percentiles 45 to 53). In multivariable analyses, the highest quartile of DHEA was associated with an odds ratio of breast cancer of 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.43) relative to the lowest quartile (P value for log-linear trend 0.11). A similar analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.08 (0.69-1.69) for DHEA-S (P value for log-linear trend 0.83). No statistically significant interactions were noted according to certainty of menopausal status, age, or past oral contraceptive use. Discussion: Our analysis did not reveal a relationship between DHEA or DHEA-S and subsequent breast cancer in middle-aged premenopausal women. In the future, this relationship should be studied in younger women.
Expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Seven-Transmembrane Member CD97 Correlates with Grading and Staging in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Mustafa Tarek , Eckert Alexander , Klonisch Thomas , Kehlen Astrid , Maurer Peter , Klintschar Michael , Erhuma Mabruk , Zschoyan Robby , Gimm Oliver , Dralle Henning , Schubert Johannes , Hoang-Vu Cuong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide. No significant better progress has been made in the treatment of OSCCs during the last decades. The heterodimeric CD97 protein is a epidermal growth factor seven-transmembrane family member and was identified as a dedifferentiation marker in thyroid carcinomas. Nothing is known about CD97 in OSCCs.

Material and Methods: Employing UV-laser microdissection, CD97 and its ligand CD55 were investigated in normal oral mucosa and OSCCs (n = 78) by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR. Frozen sections were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The effects of retinoic acid and sodium butyrate on the CD97/CD55 expression in OSCC cell lines were determined by quantitative PCR, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry.

Results: Weak CD97 transcripts were expressed in normal mucosa and normal basal epithelial cells revealed specific CD97 immunostaining. Strong CD97 transcripts were detected in pT3/T4 and G3/G4 OSCC tissues, whereas pT1/T2 and G1/G2 carcinomas revealed weak CD97 transcript levels. A weak CD97 immunostaining was observed in pT1/T2 and G1/G2 tumors. By contrast, intensive CD97 immunostaining was detected in pT3/T4 OSCCs and G3/G4 lesions. CD55 gene expression was low in normal mucosa. All OSCCs, irrespective of stage and grading, displayed strong CD55 immunostaining. Sodium butyrate and retinoic acid inhibited CD97 mRNA and protein in OSCC cell lines. Interestingly, CD55 was up-regulated by both substances.

Conclusion: We identified CD97 as a novel marker of dedifferentiated OSCC. Interaction of CD97 and CD55 may facilitate adhesion of OSCC cells to surrounding surfaces that would result in metastases and bad prognosis.
Effect of Exercise on Serum Androgens in Postmenopausal Women: A 12-Month Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: McTiernan Anne , Tworoger Shelley S. , Rajan Kumar B. , Yasui Yutaka , Sorenson Bess , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Chubak Jessica , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Bowen Deborah , Irwin Melinda L. , Rudolph Rebecca E. , Potter John D. , Schwartz Robert S.
Published: June 2022

Postmenopausal women with elevated circulating androgen concentrations have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, yet interventions to reduce androgen levels have not been identified. We examined the effects of a 12-month moderate intensity exercise intervention on serum androgens. The study was a randomized clinical trial in 173 sedentary, overweight (body mass index ≥ 24.0 kg/m2, body fat > 33%), postmenopausal women, ages 50 to 75 years, not using hormone therapy and living in the Seattle, WA area. The exercise intervention included facility-based and home-based exercise (45 minutes, 5 days per week of moderate intensity sports/recreational exercise). A total of 170 (98.3%) women completed the study, with exercisers averaging 171 minutes per week of exercise. Women in the exercise and control groups experienced similar, nonsignificant declines in most androgens. Among women who lost >2% body fat, testosterone and free testosterone concentrations fell by 10.1% and 12.2% between baseline and 12 months in exercisers compared with a decrease of 1.6% and 8.0% in controls (P = 0.02 and 0.03 compared with exercisers, respectively). Concentrations of testosterone and free testosterone among exercisers who lost between 0.5% and 2% body fat declined by 4.7% and 10.4%. In controls who lost this amount of body fat, concentrations of testosterone and free testosterone declined by only 2.8% and 4.3% (P = 0.03 and 0.01 compared with exercisers, respectively). In summary, given similar levels of body fat loss, women randomized to a 12-month exercise intervention had greater declines in testosterone and free testosterone compared with controls. The association between exercise and breast cancer risk may be partly explained by the effects of exercise on these hormones.
A Prospective Study of Diet and Benign Breast Disease
Authors: Webb Penelope M. , Byrne Celia , Schnitt Stuart J. , Connolly James L. , Jacobs Timothy W. , Baer Heather J. , Willett Walter C. , Colditz Graham A.
Published: June 2022

Much attention has been paid to the relation between diet and breast cancer risk. Because benign breast disease (BBD), particularly atypical hyperplasia (AH), is a marker of increased breast cancer risk, studies of diet and BBD may provide evidence about the effect of diet at an early stage in the process of breast carcinogenesis. We evaluated the relationship between fat, fiber, antioxidant and caffeine intake and incidence of non-proliferative BBD, proliferative BBD without atypia and AH in the Nurses' Health Study II. We calculated rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each quartile of energy-adjusted intake using the lowest quartile as reference. There was no increase in risk of BBD with increasing fat intake, rather increasing vegetable fat was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of proliferative BBD without atypia. There was no significant association between any type of BBD and micronutrient intake. High caffeine consumption was positively associated (RR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.11-5.49 for the highest quartile), and use of multivitamin supplements inversely associated (RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.98) with risk of AH although these analyses were based on small numbers. These data do not support the hypothesis that higher fat consumption increases risk of BBD, with or without atypia, and also provide little evidence for a major role of antioxidants in the development of breast disease. They do, however, raise the possibility that high caffeine intake may increase, and use of vitamin supplements may decrease risk of developing AH.