bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Criterion to Judge the Goodness of Fit of LR B-Splines Surface Approximation
Authors: Kermarrec Gaël , Skytt Vibeke , Dokken Tor
Published: December 2022

The surface approximation obtained with adaptive strategies using locally refined (LR) B-splines depends on the degrees of freedom of the spline space, the tolerance from which the refinement is performed, the noise level of the scattered observations, the refinement strategy and the bidegree of the spline space. The choice of the best model is a challenging task that can be partially answered with statistical criteria, such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Here we relax the assumption that the approximation error should be normally distributed and with equal variance and propose the use of the student distribution to compute the AIC. We apply the AIC to decide which tolerance, refinement level, or polynomial bidegree are the most adequate for an optimal fitting. We highlight how the resulting AIC can be combined with more usual criteria to judge the goodness of fit of the surface approximation.
LR B-Splines for Representation of Terrain and Seabed: Data Fusion, Outliers, and Voids
Authors: Kermarrec Gaël , Skytt Vibeke , Dokken Tor
Published: December 2022

Performing surface approximation of geospatial point clouds with locally refined (LR) B-splines comes with several challenges: (i) Point clouds have varying data density, (ii) outliers should be eliminated without deleting features, (iii) voids, also called holes, or data gaps should be treated specifically to avoid the drop of the approximated surface in domains without points. These factors tend to be even more challenging when point clouds acquired from different sensors having different noise characteristics are fused together. The data set becomes non-uniform and the fusing process itself involves a risk of an increased noise level. In this chapter, we provide some tools to answer those specific challenges. We will use terrain and seabed data and show didactically how to perform adaptive surface approximation with local refinement and to select customized parameters. We will further address the problem of choosing an appropriate tolerance for performing an adaptive fitting, and discuss the refinement strategies within the context of LR B-splines. The latter is shown to provide a promising framework for surface fitting of heterogeneous point clouds from various sources.
Arthrofibrosis is a common but poorly defined complication in multiligament knee injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Fahlbusch Hendrik , Krivec Lukas , Müller Sebastian , Reiter Alonja , Frosch Karl Heinz , Krause Matthias
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to systematically review multiligament knee injury (MLKI) outcome studies to determine definitions of arthrofibrosis (AF) and provide information about incidence, management as well as potential risk factors.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed (PubMed and Cochrane library) following the PRISMA guidelines of operatively treated MLKI (Schenck II–IV) studies reporting the incidence of AF. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Injury pattern, timing of surgery, surgical technique, treatment of AF, rehabilitation programs and PROMS were inquired. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using the Coleman methodological score.

Results

Twenty-five studies with a total of 709 patients with a mean age of 33.6 ± 4.8 years were included and followed 47.2 ± 32.0 months. The majority of studies (22/25) used imprecise and subjective definitions of AF. A total of 86 patients were treated for AF, resulting in an overall prevalence of 12.1% (range 2.8–57.1). Higher-grade injuries (Schenck III–IV), acute treatment and ROM (range of motion) limiting rehabilitation programs were potential risk factors for AF. The time from index surgery to manipulation anesthesia (MUA) and arthroscopic lysis of adhesions (LOA) averaged at 14.3 ± 8.8 and 27.7 ± 12.8 weeks. Prior to MUA and LOA, the ROM was 51.7° ± 23.5 and 80.2° ± 17.0, resulting in a total ROM gain after intervention of 65.0° ± 19.7 and 48.0° ± 10.6, respectively; with no reports of any complication within the follow-up. The overall methodological quality of the studies was poor as measured by the Coleman score with average 56.3 ± 12.5 (range 31–84) points.

Conclusions

AF is a common but poorly defined complication particularly in high-grade MLKI. Early postoperative and intensified physiotherapy is important to reduce the risk of AF. MUA and LOA are very effective treatment options and result in good clinical outcome. Prospective studies with bigger study population are needed to optimize treatment algorithms of further patients after MLKI.

The protocol of this systematic review has been prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021229187, January 4th, 2021).
A Computational Study of Blood Flow Dynamics in the Pulmonary Arteries
Authors: Marcinno’ Fabio , Zingaro Alberto , Fumagalli Ivan , Dede’ Luca , Vergara Christian
Published: December 2022

In this work we study the blood dynamics in the pulmonary arteries by means of a 3D-0D geometric multiscale approach, where a detailed 3D model for the pulmonary arteries is coupled with a lumped parameters (0D) model of the cardiovascular system. We propose to investigate three strategies for the numerical solution of the 3D-0D coupled problem: the Splitting-Explicit and Implicit algorithms, where information are exchanged between 3D and 0D models at each time step at the interfaces, and the One-Way algorithm, where the 0D is solved first off-line. In our numerical experiments performed in a realistic patient-specific 3D domain with a physiologically calibrated 0D model, we discuss first the issue on instabilities that may arise when not suitable connections are considered between 3D and 0D models; second we compare the performance and accuracy of the three proposed numerical strategies. Finally, we report a comparison between a healthy and a hypertensive case, providing a preliminary result highlighting how our method could be used in future for clinical purposes.
Emerging inequality in Kenyan secondary schools: Dilemmas of educational expansion and quality improvement
Authors: Ogawa Miku
Published: December 2022

This article examines the emerging unfair inequality in Kenyan secondary schools through comparative case studies of three secondary schools in western Kenya. Qualitative data were collected through fieldwork over a four-year period, with participant observation and semi- or non-structured interviews, to understand how interactions among schools, households, and communities impact the improvement of educational quality. This study demonstrates that educational inequality stems from economic background and academic performance. While establishing new schools allowed students to choose better schools in their vicinity, increasing school competition resulted in a school hierarchy restricting uniform access due to factors of affordability and academic achievement. This suggests that the unplanned establishment of new schools constrains vulnerable students from continuing their education. Expanding educational opportunities and improving quality are important facets of education; however, it is necessary to pay attention to the beneficiaries of this process, as economic inequality may translate into educational inequality.
Vision-related quality of life compared to generic measures in retinoblastoma survivors
Authors: Belson Paula J. , Pike Nancy A. , Eastwood Jo-Ann , Brecht Mary-Lynn , Berry Jesse L. , Hays Ron D.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To (1) Compare vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) in adolescent and young adult (AYA) unilateral versus bilateral retinoblastoma (RB) survivors using a vision-targeted measure and a generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure and (2) Assess associations among VRQOL and generic HRQOL domains and overall QOL and estimate associations of the VRQOL and HRQOL domains with overall QOL.

Methods

The National Institute for Health (NIH) Toolbox® VRQOL instrument, PROMIS®-29 Profile v 2.1, and a single-item QOL measure were administered in a cross-sectional study of 101 RB survivors. Reliability for multi-item scales was estimated. Product-moment and Spearman rank correlation coefficients and stepwise ordinary least squares were used to measure associations of other variables with overall QOL.

Results

Significantly worse VRQOL was reported by bilateral than unilateral RB survivors. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all VRQOL scales ranged from 0.83 to 0.95. Medium to large correlations were found between all NIH Toolbox® VRQOL scales and the PROMIS®-29 measures. Depression and ability to participate in social roles and activities from the PROMIS®-29 Profile accounted for 38% of the variance in overall QOL with the psychosocial domain of the NIH Toolbox® VRQOL explaining 16% of the variance.

Conclusion

VRQOL is impaired in bilateral RB survivors. VRQOL is associated substantially with the PROMIS-29 generic HRQOL measure but has significant unique associations with overall QOL. The NIH Toolbox® VRQOL measure provides important information about the vision-related effects on daily life of AYA RB survivors.
Recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive converters and their conversion into efficient recyclable nanocatalysts
Authors: Wiecka Zuzanna , Cota Iuliana , Tylkowski Bartosz , Regel-Rosocka Magdalena
Published: December 2022

The study reported in this article has shown for the first time that strongly acidic solutions (pH < 0.5) obtained after hydrometallurgical treatment of spent automotive converters (SAC) may be valuable secondary sources of platinum group metal (PGM) nanoparticles (NPs). The PGM precipitation strongly depended on the solution pH; the yield of the precipitated PGM NPs increased considerably from 40% to almost 100% when the pH was adjusted to 7–8. To improve the NPs stability, commercial TiO2was used as support to obtain efficient recyclable PGM@TiO2catalysts. The size of the PGM NPs was smaller than 5 nm, while the diameter of the supported particles varied from 10 to 50 nm. The size and dispersion of PGM NPs on the support strongly depended on the pH of the medium: at pH < 0.5, the Pt and Pd NPs were significantly smaller than the NPs obtained at pH 7–8. Also, in the case of Pt@TiO2and Rh@TiO2, the NPs were well dispersed on the support in contrast to the large agglomerates of Pd@TiO2. The PGM@TiO2showed catalytic properties in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, particularly, at pH above 11. The highest conversion of 98% was obtained with 1% Pd@TiO2at pH 14 after only 15 min. The catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused in 7 consecutive cycles without significant loss of activity. The PGM@TiO2synthesized from the real solution showed a similar catalytic activity (70% conversion at pH 14) as that obtained from model solution.
Cross-Border Dynamics of IP Modularity: International Patenting in LEDs and Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery Technology
Authors: Bican Peter M. , Caspary Dirk , Guderian Carsten C.
Published: December 2022

To profit from their inventions, multinational enterprises rely on various appropriation and internationalization strategies. Intellectual property modularity serves as a reliable option to master the tradeoff between owning the “right” (i.e., valuable) patents in a technology and sharing other “less valuable” patents to spur innovation and foster technology dissemination. Through an inductive, multi-case approach looking at light-emitting diodes and lithium-ion secondary battery technology, we expand prior intellectual property modularity to incorporate internationalization effects across borders. Relying on patent classifications, we trace the development of these two technologies and key multinational enterprises in various countries longitudinally from 1990 to 2018. We introduce the Dynamic IP Modularity Application Matrix and demonstrate that integrating the firm and country levels yields insights into dynamic internationalization developments, particularly when considering the drawbacks to intellectual property modularity. Herein, decision-makers need to secure not only currently valuable but also potentially valuable intellectual property to successfully apply an international intellectual property modularity value capture strategy.
Maternal Undernutrition Induces Cell Signalling and Metabolic Dysfunction in Undifferentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Khurana Pooja , Cox Andrew , Islam Barira , Eckert Judith J. , Willaime-Morawek Sandrine , Gould Joanna M. , Smyth Neil R. , McHugh Patrick C. , Fleming Tom P.
Published: December 2022

Peri-conceptional environment can induce permanent changes in embryo phenotype which alter development and associate with later disease susceptibility. Thus, mouse maternal low protein diet (LPD) fed exclusively during preimplantation is sufficient to lead to cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological dysfunction in adult offspring. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines were generated from LPD and control NPD C57BL/6 blastocysts and characterised by transcriptomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and molecular/cellular studies to assess early potential mechanisms in dietary environmental programming. Previously, we showed these lines retain cellular and epigenetic characteristics of LPD and NPD embryos after several passages. Here, three main changes were identified in LPD ESC lines. First, their derivation capacity was reduced but pluripotency marker expression was similar to controls. Second, LPD lines had impaired Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with altered gene expression of several regulators (e.g., Maff, Rassf1, JunD), reduced ERK1/2 signalling capacity and poorer cell survival characteristics which may contribute to reduced derivation. Third, LPD lines had impaired glucose metabolism comprising reduced upstream enzyme expression (e.g., Gpi, Mpi) and accumulation of metabolites (e.g., glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P) above the phosphofructokinase (PFK) gateway with PFK enzyme activity reduced. ESC lines may therefore permit investigation of peri-conceptional programming mechanisms with reduced need for animal experimentation.

Graphical Abstract
Zinc finger myeloid Nervy DEAF-1 type (ZMYND) domain containing proteins exert molecular interactions to implicate in carcinogenesis
Authors: Wu Longji , Huang Jing , Trivedi Pankaj , Sun Xuerong , Yu Hongbing , He Zhiwei , Zhang Xiangning
Published: December 2022

Morphogenesis and organogenesis in the low organisms have been found to be modulated by a number of proteins, and one of such factor, deformed epidermal auto-regulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1) has been initially identified in Drosophila. The mammalian homologue of DEAF-1 and structurally related proteins have been identified, and they formed a family with over 20 members. The factors regulate gene expression through association with co-repressors, recognition of genomic marker, to exert histone modification by catalyze addition of some chemical groups to certain amino acid residues on histone and non-histone proteins, and degradation host proteins, so as to regulate cell cycle progression and execution of cell death. The formation of fused genes during chromosomal translocation, exemplified with myeloid transforming gene on chromosome 8 (MTG8)/eight-to-twenty one translocation (ETO) /ZMYND2, MTG receptor 1 (MTGR1)/ZMYND3, MTG on chromosome 16/MTGR2/ZMYND4 and BS69/ZMYND11 contributes to malignant transformation. Other anomaly like copy number variation (CNV) of BS69/ZMYND11 and promoter hyper methylation of BLU/ZMYND10 has been noted in malignancies. It has been reported that when fusing with Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), the binding of MTG8/ZMYND2 with co-repressors is disturbed, and silencing of BLU/ZMYND10 abrogates its ability to inhibition of cell cycle and promotion of apoptotic death. Further characterization of the implication of ZMYND proteins in carcinogenesis would enhance understanding of the mechanisms of occurrence and early diagnosis of tumors, and effective antitumor efficacy.
A case of chronic disseminated candidiasis in metamizole-induced neutropaenia
Authors: Colin-Benoit Eugénie , Kalubi Malela , Zimmerli Stefan
Published: December 2022

Chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) is a severe complication of a disseminated yeast infection mainly seen after prolonged chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia in the context of haematological malignancy. We present a case of CDC in a patient with metamizole-induced neutropaenia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case described in this context. Furthermore, we highlight the role of steroids in the management of this disease.
A Multidimensional Information Management Framework for Strategic Digital Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Canada and Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Alex V. , Rezende Denis Alcides
Published: December 2022

Management and information systems are essential for strategic cities since they provide customized digital services that connect specific information and its context to form a multidimensional construct. The objective of this study is to perform an information analysis in two cities to develop a strategic multidimensional framework. The research methodology was based on the model theory. It took into consideration the digital services from two cities supported by non-participatory observations and a bibliographic review. The data were collected hierarchically and compared with five related international frameworks using the infomapping technique. The framework comprised three constructs and ten multidimensional variables that related the conceptual theories to the developed and applied model. The research was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The results indicated disconnections between one or more of the variables surveyed, limited customized services, and recurrent use of information in a bidirectional form. The conclusions emphasized the multidimensional character of information in terms of its dynamic nature and relations with distinct levels of information management. In addition, the study established a framework for strategic digital cities based on new interactive relations between public information management and digital services, including the city’s strategic policies. In terms of its contribution to the literature, this research highlighted the dynamic nature of information and strategic digital cities.
DCGNN: a single-stage 3D object detection network based on density clustering and graph neural network
Authors: Xiong Shimin , Li Bin , Zhu Shiao
Published: December 2022

Currently, single-stage point-based 3D object detection network remains underexplored. Many approaches worked on point cloud space without optimization and failed to capture the relationships among neighboring point sets. In this paper, we propose DCGNN, a novel single-stage 3D object detection network based on density clustering and graph neural networks. DCGNN utilizes density clustering ball query to partition the point cloud space and exploits local and global relationships by graph neural networks. Density clustering ball query optimizes the point cloud space partitioned by the original ball query approach to ensure the key point sets containing more detailed features of objects. Graph neural networks are very suitable for exploiting relationships among points and point sets. Additionally, as a single-stage 3D object detection network, DCGNN achieved fast inference speed. We evaluate our DCGNN on the KITTI dataset. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed DCGNN achieved better balance between detection performance and inference time.
Characterising the stone artefact raw materials at Liang Bua, Indonesia
Authors: Lin Sam C. , White Lloyd T. , Jatmiko  , Julianto I Made Agus , Tocheri Matthew W. , Sutikna Thomas
Published: December 2022

At Liang Bua, the type site of Homo floresiensis on the Indonesian island of Flores, the stone artefact assemblages are dominated by two raw materials, qualitatively classified as chert and silicified tuff in previous studies. Field observations describe both stone types as locally abundant and of good flaking quality, but no systematic analysis has yet been carried out to characterise their nature. In this study, we conducted the first geological, mechanical, and quantitative assessment of these two raw materials using a suite of analytical approaches. Our results show that the two stone types are mineralogically alike in composition and derive from fossiliferous limestone that had undergone diagenetic silica replacement, but they clearly differ from one another geochemically. Therefore, the ‘chert’ and ‘silicified tuff’ categories used in previous studies are more aptly described as silica-dominated (i.e., SiO2-dominated) nodular chert and iron-rich (i.e., Fe2O3-rich) nodular chert, respectively. We discuss the implications of our results on the shift in raw material utilisation patterns at Liang Bua that occurred after ~ 46 ka and coincided with the arrival of Homo sapiens at the site.
Simple and Ultrahigh Efficient Superhydrophilic Polydopamine-coated TiO2 Cotton for Oil–water Separation
Authors: Zhong Xin , Guo Zhiguang
Published: December 2022

Oil–water mixing has brought many problems to a society, and it is of great significance to develop a simple, convenient, efficient, and durable separation material to solve the problem of oil–water mixing. In this paper, modified cottons were successfully prepared using polydopamine as the in situ mineralization site of TiO2 nanoparticles combined with synergistic crosslinking with KH550. A large number of hydrophilic groups endowed the cotton with superhydrophilic ability, which greatly shortened its water spreading time. The prepared modified cotton could be successfully separated from oil and water, and still had a separation efficiency of 99.999% after 50 cycles. In addition, after 24 h immersion in 1 M HCl, NaOH, and NaCl solutions and 50 abrasion experiments, the modified cotton showed excellent oil–water separation ability, and the separation efficiency was above 99.990%. Successfully provided a simple preparation method to prepare high-efficiency and clean cottons for oil–water separation.
Primary Care and Behavioral Health Services Use Differ Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children by Initial Foster Care Entry Status
Authors: Kaferly James , Orsi Rebecca , Alishahi Musheng , Hosokawa Patrick , Sevick Carter , Gritz R. Mark
Published: December 2022

Most children in foster care have poor health outcomes and high health care utilization. Health complexity influences health care utilization as well foster care placement. Health care utilization studies among children in foster care have not accounted for health complexity status and foster placement. A 7-year retrospective study linked Colorado child welfare and Medicaid administrative data for 30,164 Medicaid-enrolled children, up to 23 years old, who differed by initial foster care entry, to examine primary care and behavioral health (BH) utilization patterns from 2014 to 2021. Children entering care were matched with replacement to non-foster peers by age, sex, Medicaid enrollment patterns, managed care status, family income, and health complexity. We calculated weighted monthly average percentages of children with primary care and BH utilization by foster care entry, health complexity, sex, and age over 25 months relative to the month of foster care entry for the foster cohort or the reference month for non-foster peers. Children in the foster cohort had lower primary care but higher BH utilization relative to non-foster peers prior to the reference month. Primary care and BH use increased among children in foster care during and 12 months after the reference month, unlike matched comparisons. Primary care and BH utilization increased by health complexity but differed by foster care status and time. Foster care entry and health complexity produced distinct patterns of primary care and BH utilization. Given higher utilization among children in foster care, future investigation should explore health care quality and delivery factors.
Pollution and water quality index of boreholes within unlined waste dumpsite in Nnewi, Nigeria
Authors: Aralu Chiedozie C. , Okoye Patrice A. C. , Abugu Hillary O. , Eze Victor C.
Published: December 2022

Borehole water has been the main source of drinking water for the communities living within the Nnewi metropolis. The quality of this borehole water has been significantly affected by the presence of unlined waste dumpsites which release leachates. The present study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and quality of borehole water located around the environment of the unlined dumpsite in Nnewi. In this study, thirty-two (32) borehole water samples were collected from around the dumpsite (16) and control (16) areas in wet and dry seasons. The levels of the physicochemical parameters were determined using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods. The quality of the borehole water was compared with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible drinking water limits. The pollution index (PI) and water quality index (WQI) of the borehole water were also evaluated. The results also showed that only the nitrite values in the dumpsite area for both seasons were above the WHO drinking water limits. The summation of the pollution indices were above the critical value of 1 in both seasons for the study areas. The WQI revealed that the water samples were heavily polluted with the most polluted being the dumpsite area in both seasons. The results revealed that the underground water in the dumpsite area was contaminated through the uncontrolled release of leachates from dumpsite. The contamination from the control area may not be related to the dumpsite but was linked to irregular waste disposal sites, wastewater infiltration and run-off from farmlands. The borehole water samples was not good for drinking and domestic purposes without proper treatment.
Foam-free production of the rhamnolipid precursor 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid (HAA) by Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Weiser Sophie , Tiso Till , Willing Karsten , Bardl Bettina , Eichhorn Lucy , Blank Lars M. , Regestein Lars
Published: December 2022

Surfactants represent a large group of industrial relevant substances and can be generated chemically, but also biologically. Important microbial producers are severalPseudomonasspecies, mainly known for their ability to produce rhamnolipids. For safety reasons, recombinantPseudomonas putidais preferred for heterologous production of rhamnolipids as well as its precursor 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid (HAA), which is a promising platform substance. The surface-active properties of HAA combined with classical submerged aeration cause strong foam formation making biotechnological production in stirred tank bioreactors challenging. Therefore, a foam-free bioprocess for HAA production was developed in this study. The combination of headspace aeration, overpressure up to 8 bar, and temperature reduction prevented oxygen limitation, shortened process time, and enhanced the maximum HAA concentration to 1.71 g l− 1with a space-time yield of 0.08 g l− 1 h− 1.

Graphical Abstract
Examples of shifting development pathways: lessons on how to enable broader, deeper, and faster climate action
Authors: Winkler Harald , Lecocq Franck , Lofgren Hans , Vilariño Maria Virginia , Kartha Sivan , Portugal-Pereira Joana
Published: December 2022

To respond to the climate crisis, we need to accelerate system transformations at a pace, scale, and breadth not seen before. This means that it is urgent to shift development pathways towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions, even while progressing towards other sustainable development objectives. This paper argues that accelerated mitigation can not only benefit from policies that are outside the domain of conventional emission-focused mitigation policies but require such policies. We refer to this process as shifting development pathways towards sustainability. Here, we explore what enabling conditions make such shifts possible. We develop a framework to select examples of shifts — in realms such as educational access, housing access, fiscal arrangements, and institutional reform. We analyse them against key enablers. Our findings suggest that countries could learn from what has worked elsewhere, though context matters. Some enablers are more widely applicable, including finance, long-term vision, and focus on sustainable development objectives. Multiple enablers, integrated policy packages, and involvement of a broad range of actors help achieve multiple objectives. Some enablers may yield results in the near term, while others take time to yield results. Based on our analysis, we suggest that climate mitigation requires an “all of economy, all of society” approach.

Graphical Abstract
The psychological impact of the Metaverse
Authors: Henz Patrick
Published: December 2022

The Metaverse is no revolution, but another step in the evolution of the internet. Today we can observe various 3D virtual worlds with different focuses and purposes, like meeting spaces, education, or classic gaming. Most of these applications run on computer or smart phone, some of these 3D platforms support virtual reality glasses, or even further wearables like haptic gloves. Nevertheless, the general interconnection of these platforms is still lacking. Due to this, user information, including avatars, cannot be reused for other applications. Even if the research company Gartner predicts that already “by 2026, 25% of the people will spend at least 1 h a day in the Metaverse for work, shopping, education, social and/or entertainment,” the vision still did not manifest yet. This gives society and academia time to start a productive discussion. The article wants to support this ambition by first discussing a potential definition of what the Metaverse will be, including different types for different purposes. After that this, the text predicts the arrival, including required circumstances, then later the expected psychologic impact of the expected scenarios on the regular users. As human psychology depends on experience, environment and, of course, the contact with other humans, such a scenario will have a relevant impact, up to a different understanding of reality, as people frictionless move from physical to virtual world, and even interact on complete different virtual worlds. Existing articles regarding the connections between online (like video games and social media) and offline behavior focused on particular cohorts. As the Metaverse will change work and private life, wide parts of society are voluntary and non-voluntary affected, which limits the possibility to transfer the insights from earlier scenarios to this topic. This article focuses on shifted Socialization, Roles, Perception, and the relating Humanization of Artificial Intelligence, as it enables the algorithm, consciously or subconsciously, to influence the human mind.

Graphical Abstract
Annotating TSSs in Multiple Cell Types Based on DNA Sequence and RNA-Seq Data via DeeReCT-TSS
Authors: Zhou Juexiao , Zhang Bin , Li Haoyang , Zhou Longxi , Li Zhongxiao , Long Yongkang , Han Wenkai , Wang Mengran , Cui Huanhuan , Li Jingjing , Chen Wei , Gao Xin
Published: December 2022

The accurate annotation of transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage are critical for the mechanistic understanding of gene regulation in different biological contexts. To fulfill this, specific high-throughput experimental technologies have been developed to capture TSSs in a genome-wide manner, and various computational tools have also been developed for in silico prediction of TSSs solely based on genomic sequences. Most of these computational tools cast the problem as a binary classification task on a balanced dataset, thus resulting in drastic false positive predictions when applied on the genome scale. Here, we present DeeReCT-TSS, a deep learning-based method that is capable of identifying TSSs across the whole genome based on both DNA sequence and conventional RNA sequencing data. We show that by effectively incorporating these two sources of information, DeeReCT-TSS significantly outperforms other solely sequence-based methods on the precise annotation of TSSs used in different cell types. Furthermore, we develop a meta-learning-based extension for simultaneous TSS annotations on 10 cell types, which enables the identification of cell type-specific TSSs. Finally, we demonstrate the high precision of DeeReCT-TSS on two independent datasets by correlating our predicted TSSs with experimentally defined TSS chromatin states. The source code for DeeReCT-TSS is available at https://github.com/JoshuaChou2018/DeeReCT-TSS_release and https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007316.
Melanopsin Vision
Authors: Joyce Daniel S. , Houser Kevin W. , Peirson Stuart N. , Zeitzer Jamie M. , Zele Andrew J.
Published: December 2022

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the most recently discovered photoreceptor class in the human retina. This Element integrates new knowledge and perspectives from visual neuroscience, psychology, sleep science and architecture to discuss how melanopsin-mediated ipRGC functions can be measured and their circuits manipulated. It reveals contemporary and emerging lighting technologies as powerful tools to set mind, brain and behaviour.
Our Genes
Authors: Winther Rasmus Grønfeldt
Published: December 2022

Situated at the intersection of natural science and philosophy, Our Genes explores historical practices, investigates current trends, and imagines future work in genetic research to answer persistent, political questions about human diversity. Readers are guided through fascinating thought experiments, complex measures and metrics, fundamental evolutionary patterns, and in-depth treatment of exciting case studies. The work culminates in a philosophical rationale, based on scientific evidence, for a moderate position about the explanatory power of genes that is often left unarticulated. Simply put, human evolutionary genomics - our genes - can tell us much about who we are as individuals and as collectives. However, while they convey scientific certainty in the popular imagination, genes cannot answer some of our most important questions. Alternating between an up-close and a zoomed-out focus on genes and genomes, individuals and collectives, species and populations, Our Genes argues that the answers we seek point to rich, necessary work ahead.
Self-Narrative, Affective Identification, and Personal Well-Being
Authors: CHENG KATHERINE CHIEH-LING
Published: December 2022

The narrative view of personhood suggests that we as persons are constituted by self-narratives. Self-narratives support not only the sense of personal persistence but also agency. However, it is rarely discussed how self-narratives promote or hinder personal well-being. This paper aims to explore what a healthy self-narrative looks like. By reframing a famous debate between Strawson and Schechtman about narrative personhood, I argue that self-narratives can hinder our personal well-being when affective identification leads to inflexible self-images, illustrated with the examples of imposter syndrome and rationalization. Furthermore, I explore how having a healthy self-narrative is not about disengaging from one's personal past and future, but about fostering affective identification in ways that allow flexible self-images.
A generalized Sylvester–Gallai-type theorem for quadratic polynomials
Authors: Peleg Shir , Shpilka Amir
Published: December 2022

In this work, we prove a version of the Sylvester–Gallai theorem for quadratic polynomials that takes us one step closer to obtaining a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for testing zeroness of$\Sigma ^{[3]}\Pi \Sigma \Pi ^{[2]}$circuits. Specifically, we prove that, if a finite set of irreducible quadratic polynomials${\mathcal {Q}}$satisfies that for every two polynomials$Q_1,Q_2\in {\mathcal {Q}}$there is a subset${\mathcal {K}}\subset {\mathcal {Q}}$such that$Q_1,Q_2 \notin {\mathcal {K}}$and whenever$Q_1$and$Q_2$vanish, then$\prod _{i\in {\mathcal {K}}} Q_i$vanishes, then the linear span of the polynomials in${\mathcal {Q}}$has dimension$O(1)$. This extends the earlier result [21] that holds for the case$|{\mathcal {K}}| = 1$.
The Nature of a Constant of Nature: The Case of G
Authors: Jacobs Caspar
Published: December 2022

Physics presents us with a symphony of natural constants: $G$, ℏ, $c$, and so forth. Up to this point, constants have received comparatively little philosophical attention. In this article, I provide an account of dimensionful constants, in particular the gravitational constant. I propose that they represent interquantity structure in the form of relations between quantities with different dimensions. I use this account of $G$ to settle a debate over whether mass scalings are symmetries of Newtonian gravitation. I argue that they are not, but only if we interpret mass anti-quidditistically. This is analogous to anti-haecceitism in the presence of spacetime symmetries.
Authority, Plurality, and Anarchist Scepticism
Authors: Fives Allyn
Published: December 2022

According to A. John Simmons's anarchist scepticism, there is no duty to obey the law as things stand, as legal obligations have legitimacy only when voluntarily incurred by most or many citizens. However, an alternative, pluralist position is suggested by Simmons's sensitivity to the diversity of reasons and to the possibility of unresolved conflict. It shows that the grounds of legitimate authority are plural, and include distributive justice. Also, even voluntarily incurred obligations can be defeated by conflicting reasons, as when we are duty bound to an unjust regime.
Neo-Tethyan subduction triggered Eocene–Oligocene magmatism in eastern Iran
Authors: Omidianfar Siavash , Monsef Iman , Rahgoshay Mohammad , Shafaii Moghadam Hadi , Cousens Brian , Chen Ming , Rajabpour Shahrokh , Zheng Jianping
Published: December 2022

Eocene–Oligocene magmatic rocks are well exposed in the region south of Birjand, eastern Iran. The ages, geochemistry and petrogenesis of these rocks are important to understand eastern Iran’s magmatic and geodynamic history during the Cenozoic. Detailed field investigations show that numerous intrusive, intermediate to felsic units are intruded into a thick sequence of Eocene–Oligocene lava flows and their accompanying pyroclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks are mainly basaltic andesitic to rhyolitic, whereas intrusive rocks are characterized by dioritic to granitic composition. Previously compiled U–Pb geochronological data indicate that Eocene–Oligocene magmatism in eastern Iran formed continuously from ∼46 Ma to ∼25 Ma. Our new zircon U–Pb data reveal crystallization ages of 43.6 ± 0.4 Ma to 39.5 ± 0.6 Ma, consistent with the upper end of this age range. Geochemically, the igneous rocks have high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic signatures. Rare-earth and trace element patterns show enrichment in LREEs, K, Rb, Cs, Pb, Th and U and depletion in HFSEs such as Nb, Zr and Ti, typical of a subduction-related environment.87Sr/86Sr(i)and ϵNd(i)values range from 0.7051 to 0.7064 and −0.1 to +0.2, respectively. We postulate that the Cretaceous northeastward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere underneath the Iranian Plateau caused sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) metasomatism by slab-derived fluid components. Subsequently, slab roll-back of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere associated with asthenospheric upwelling led to lithospheric thinning and melting of the metasomatized SCLM. The resulting parental magmas probably interacted with upper continental crust during magma ascent to form Eocene–Oligocene magmatism in eastern Iran.
Significance of nasal septal deviation among patients with antrochoanal polyp
Authors: Rozendorn N , Warman M , Zloczower E , Mansour J , Yakirevitch A
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to examine the association between nasal septal deviation and antrochoanal polyp.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of medical records and imaging of patients who underwent endoscopic sino-nasal surgery for antrochoanal polyp.

Results

Forty-eight patients operated on for antrochoanal polyp between 2009 and 2019 were eligible for the study. The median age was 32 years, and 52.1 per cent were male. Antrochoanal polyp was diagnosed equally in the right and left nasal cavities. Septal deviation was present in 77 per cent of such cases. In 44 per cent of septal deviation cases, the antrochoanal polyp was ipsilateral to the deviation, which was not statistically significant. The type of deviation according to the Mladina classification was not correlated with the laterality of septal deviation and antrochoanal polyp.

Conclusion

The laterality of the septal deviation was not found to be correlated with that of the antrochoanal polyp. Therefore, performing routine septoplasty during antrochoanal polyp surgery is unnecessary unless the deviation interferes with the complete extraction of the polyp.
Social Solidarity: A Note on the Health of the Profession
Authors: Kariel Henry S.
Published: December 2022

Since I have been unable to find a formula which might justify simply publishing the welter of mixed responses I have received, I thought I might at least provide those who responded to my inquiry (84.2%) with a basis for assessing our common enterprise.

The profession would appear to be inordinately healthy. There is certainly an abundance of self-restraint, decorum, ingenuity, and determination not to be taken in by mischievous gimmicks. Nelson Polsby was not alone in seeing that the survey was rigged to fail since it would publicize work which, as he put it, ought to enjoy a little benign neglect. A preponderant majority of respondents managed to be evasive by a display of wit and cunning which surely excused the fact that they had resolved to hurt no one. Those who were not masterfully evasive met the issue head-on. In what has suddenly become an especially engaging note, Clinton Rossiter wrote a week before his death:

I would like to oblige, but the overpowering fact is that I would hurt the feelings of a very good friend were I to single out the article or book published during the last quarter century that seems to me to “have received too much attention.” I have been a witness to and target of just a little too much nastiness in our profession in the past couple of years, and I hope you will excuse me from adding, however tactfully, to the sum total of nastiness that seems to pervade this world.
San Francisco in Five Hundred Words or Less
Authors: Brody Richard A.
Published: December 2022

The only salutary consequence of the failure of the APSA dues increase to attract fifty percent plus one of the voters is that those who attend the San Francisco Convention will be spared a long essay on the pleasures of the flesh—eating and sightseeing—in the convention city. That essay would have afforded me room to describe my thirty-five year love affair with this city and to detail why I believe it to be the most exciting and satisfying forty-two square urban miles on earth. Since I lack the space, you will have to make do with a more succinct statement.

First things first, let's consider food: You can do advanced research to prepare yourself for the convention week—lest you “waste” one lunch or dinner on “ordinary” fare—or you can follow your fancy, get yourself into the right area of the City (too humble for all caps, but surely not lower case) and look around for the great buys (they exist aplenty).

For the research oriented: The indispensable tool is Jack Shelton's Private Guide. This monthly newsletter, because it is monthly, is the only really reliable guide (Shelton's identity is unknown to the restauranteurs, he bases a judgment on no fewer than three visits, he knows food, his tastes generally agree with mine). I would behoove the Association to have a file of Shelton's newsletters available for those who wish to plan their day.
The NSF Law and Social Sciences Program
Authors: Wasby Stephen L.
Published: December 2022

The National Science Foundation provides support for basic social science research on law and legal institutions through the Law and Social Sciences Program. The primary emphasis of the program is on research that will enhance understanding of the nature and sources of variation in legal rules and institutions and their consequences. Proposals directed to developing methodologies for the social scientific study of law are also considered. Proposals concerning criminal aspects of the law will be considered if they relate primarily to theoretical questions in the social scientific study of the law. However, the central focus of the Law and Social Sciences Program is on noncriminal aspects of the legal system.

Those who anticipate submitting proposals might keep in mind the broad concerns that are central to the program:

1. The capacity of law, through statutes, administrative regulations, and court decisions, to affect individual and organizational behavior, its limitations in regulating action, conditions which enhance or diminish the impact of law, and the processes by which that impact is achieved or diminished.

2. The use of alternative methods, both formal (legal) and informal (extra-legal), for dealing with disputes, and factors that contribute to the selection of the alternatives used.

3. Change in the legal system, its causes and the processes by which it occurs, with particular emphasis on factors affecting the use of law as an instrument of social control.
Policy and Research: A Tough Combination
Authors: Shalala Donna E.
Published: December 2022

I am deeply touched by your invitation to receive the Pi Sigma Alpha Award. To be added to a list that includes Ernest Giffith, Francis Wilcox and Scotty Campbell is, of course, a great honor.

I assume that one of the reasons I have been singled out for this award is because I am on that short list of surviving political scientists in a city dominated at the highest levels by lawyers, economists and engineers.

Recently, I read Bruce Adams' article in the November/December 1979 Public Administration Review titled, “The Limitations of Muddling Through: Does Anyone in Washington Really Think Anymore?” In the article, Adams suggests that the political decision-making process is characterized by individuals who are “running themselves ragged on a series of marginal, short-run issues and problems.”
Reforming the “President”: The Individual as Leader
Authors: Edwards George C.
Published: December 2022

Proposals to reform the presidency fall into three increasingly exclusive categories. The most inclusive are those that focus on reforming the American political system and by doing so altering the balance of power within the government, usually in favor of the chief executive. The effort to strengthen the party system is probably the most prominent representative of this orientation. Other proposals, such as a presidential item veto, would increase the president's power on a more modest scale but still require change in the fundamental rules of the game.

A second class of proposals has the narrower aim of reforming the presidency as an institution. Rather than emphasizing increased power for the president, these recommendations attempt to aid the chief executive in carrying out his responsibilities more judiciously. They often focus on providing the president more or better decision-making resources. Plans for reorganizing or otherwise improving the White House staff system or the Executive Office of the President or for insulating the president from parochial demands through a single six-year term are notable examples of suggestions for institutional reform.

The variety of reformist proposals that is most common and most restricted in scope concentrates on improving the presidency by changing the characteristics of the individuals who occupy the Oval Office. Some would have us pay more attention to the character or personality of candidates for the office, while others stress the importance of choosing presidents who possess the proper skills for governing. To achieve these goals, proponents of change advocate reforms ranging from alterations in the processes by which we select presidents to candidate psychoanalysis.