bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Contraceptive Methods among Eligible Couples in a Rural Area of Mymensingh District, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan AHM , Begum Maksuda , Dipu Sultana Sobnum , Saha Kamana Rani , Islam Md Shahidul , Ali Md Yunus
Published: February 2025

Contraceptive prevalence influences fertility which in turn influences socioeconomic growth, health care especially maternal and child health (MCH) care and quality of life. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Churkhai village under Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, between December 2021 and April 2022, to estimate the prevalence of adoption of different contraceptive methods among eligible couples. Study population was eligible couples of a rural area. Purposively selected sample size was 180. Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire by direct interviewing women of reproductive age group. Data entry was done in an MS-Excel sheet and analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. Age of respondents ranged from 17 years to 49 years.  The mean age was 28.90±7.70 years. The majority of respondents (96.67%) were housewives and 21.11% respondents were illiterate. We found that contraceptive prevalence among eligible couples was 85%, while total fertility rate (TFR) was 2.2. Contraceptive prevalence was more (63.33%) among female respondents in comparison to male (21.67%). Contraceptive prevalence was influenced by participants’ age (highest between 25 and 34 years), religion and caste (100 percent among Hindus), occupation (100 percent among service holders and business professionals), socioeconomic condition and female literacy. Adoption of different methods included oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (50%), hormone injection (8.89%), intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) (1.11%), hormonal implant (1.11%), tubal ligation (2.22%), male condom (21.11%) and non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) (0.56%). Temporary methods (82.22%) were much more accepted than that of permanent methods (2.78%). Our data suggests that using contraceptives for spacing method is much more popular than that of long acting and permanent methods among eligible couples. Contraceptive and reproductive education and better socio-economic condition can play an important role in use of contraceptive methods.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 28-33
Menopausal Symptoms and Coping Strategies among Women of 40-60 Years Age-Group: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience from Bangladesh
Authors: Zahan Akter , Sharma Netay Kumer , Islam Md Nazrul , Sen Shila , Bhowmik Kingkon Rani
Published: February 2025

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted, in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, of Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh,  on 120 women aged between 40 and 60 years to assess their menopausal symptoms and coping strategies. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, breastfeeding, or any other significant medical conditions. A semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire based on modification of Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess their demographic characteristics, menopausal symptoms, and coping strategies, e.g., exercise and dietary adjustments. We also examined BMI of the participants. Participants were categorized based on menopausal status: 46.67% premenopausal, 31.67% perimenopausal, and 21.66% postmenopausal. Graduates represent the most significant education group (34%). Marriage (46.67%), widowhood (29.16%), and divorce (15.83%) are common marital statuses. Economic status varies, with the middle category prevalent (30.70%) and lower status at 14.70%. In BMI, most of the participants were found overweight (42%) or obese (27%). Menopausal symptoms include joint/muscle discomfort (70.60%), exhaustion (61.30%), and sleeping problems (59.30%). Coping strategies include self-calming (76%), exercise, diet awareness (69%), social relationships (63%), sense of achievement (38%), and creative activities (46%). Significant p-values were observed among the groups in self-calming skill, social relationship, and sense of achievement (p<0.05), but not in awareness about diet and weight and doing creative activities (p>0.05). Our data suggests that some women may start experiencing symptoms earlier during perimenopause, while others may notice those later. It is essential to employ different coping strategies, such as building strong social support networks, to improve the wellness of women across such crucial phases of their lives.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 54-60
Relationship between Life Events and the Onset of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Pathan Mohammad Asraful Siddike , Ullah Mohammad Shahid , Hossain Md Jahangir , Kamruzzaman Md , Rahman Wasima
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of psychiatric problems among children and adolescents is rising in Bangladesh. Children with acute and chronic pediatric diseases have a higher likelihood of developing psychiatric problems, as their physical health challenges can lead to emotional and psychological stress, affecting their overall well-being. Our study aims to explore the relationship between life events and the onset of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. This observational study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry of Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between January 2022 and February 2023. A total of 110 patients of both sexes were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 10±3.32 years. Among them, 60% were found to have emotional disorders and the life events and psychiatric disorders show that a majority life events of parent financial crisis with higher rates of (22.73%) emotional disorders. Our study indicates the relation between life events and psychiatric conditions among the paediatric population.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 70-75
Outcome of Management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Begum Anjuman Ara , Kadir Syeed Mehbub Ul , Rain Md Zinnu , Chowdhury ANM Ahsanul Huda , Gupta Rishav
Published: February 2025

This case series study on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) was conducted, from April 2022 to October 2022, to assess the efficacy of laser photocoagulation and AntiVEGF in central serous chorioretinopathy. This study included all patients presented with CSCR in Bangladesh Eye Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, a tertiary specialized private eye hospital in Bangladesh. These cases were diagnosed clinically and confirmed by fundus fluorescence angiogram and optical coherence tomography. The main features evaluated were corrected visual acuity, associated findings and complications after laser or AntiVEGF injection, if any.  Other data included were age, gender, laterality of eyes, risk factors, and types of leaking. Twenty-eight cases were selected after thorough evaluation; focal laser was performed in 16 indicated cases, and intravitreal AntiVEGF (Bevacizumab) were given 4 cases of subfoveal leak central serous chorioretinopathy after 4-month observation. Post-intervention follow-up schedules were one week, one month and three months. Out of 28 cases, 7 were central serous chorioretinopathy with a sub-foveal leak in the angiogram. Among those, 10 cases were presented with central serous chorioretinopathy with pigment epithelial detachment. After three months of follow-up, subretinal fluid disappeared in 14 cases out of 16 cases of laser. Spontaneous resolution occurred in 7 cases. One patient was presented with RPE tracking. Age limits were extended from 22 to 48 years, and most were in the third decade. Central serous chorioretinopathy is most commonly present without any specific cause. Due to professional demand, most causes need intervention, which will result in fruitful visual acuity improvement with reduced subjective contrast.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P:76-80
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age in Mymensingh Region of Bangladesh – A Sonographic Evaluation
Authors: Sharma Netay Kumer , Zahan Akter , Islam Mahzabeen , Bhowmik Kingkon Rani , Muktadira
Published: February 2025

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting 5-15% of women of reproductive age. This cross-sectional study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of PCOS in women of reproductive age leveraging sonographic evaluation. The study was conducted in the Department of Radiology & Imaging at Community-Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2022. Inclusion criteria were women aged between 15 and 45 years with suspected signs and symptoms of PCOS. Those with menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, severe acne, or abnormal hormone levels were excluded. Finally, a total of 120 women were included in the study. Pelvic ultrasounds were performed using a Samsung Sonoace X7 machine with a 3.5 MHz transabdominal transducer. 15(12.5%) were diagnosed with PCOS, while 105(87.5%) were negative. The age distribution shows the most significant group is 21-25 years (46.67%), followed by 15-20 years (24.17%). BMI data reveals the majority are overweight (40.83%), with an average BMI of 31.67%, and fewer in underweight (11.67%), obese (14.17%), and morbidly obese categories (1.67%). Clinical presentations include primary infertility (24.17%), secondary infertility (20.83%), chronic anovulation (15.00%), and no cases of hirsutism. Follicular diameters and ovarian volume were measured using Sono-AVC and VOCAL (3D) methods, with two identified cystic patterns: peripheral and general. Based on sonographic evaluation, our study revealed 12.5% prevalence of PCOS, with higher prevalence in the 21-25 age groups in women of reproductive age in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 89-95
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy Clinical Presentation and Feto-Maternal Outcome
Authors: Hasi Husne Har , Arefin Mohammad Shakib Uz Zaman , Rashid Harun Ur , Naher Sharfin
Published: February 2025

There is a gap in substantial evidence regarding the increased likelihood of adverse outcomes associated with frequency of urinary tract infections (UTI) in pregnancy in our country. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BGB Hospital, Satkania, Chattogram, Bangladesh, from February 2023 to January 2024, to observe the maternal and fetal outcomes between respondents with single and recurrent episode of UTIs during their pregnancies. A total of 100 randomly selected women aged between 18 and 38 years having UTI during their pregnancy were enrolled in this study. Recurrent episode of UTI was observed in 38% cases. Urban women were more prevalent with the recurrence. Gestational diabetes (GDM), anaemia, cystitis were more commonly observed in recurrent UTI group. Higher proportions of preterm labor, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), neonatal sepsis, prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were evident more in recurrent UTI group compared to single episode of UTI group. Recurrence of UTI in pregnancy requires further evaluation for its risk factors during antenatal visits.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 101-107
Comparative Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl for Extubation in Post-Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bhowmick Lipon Kanti , Mahabubuzzaman Mohammad , Matin Mastura Binte , Rahim Md Abdur , Babu Md Ishaq
Published: February 2025

The process of extubation in post-neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) requires careful management to ensure patient safety and comfort. Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl are two commonly used medications for sedation and analgesia during extubation. This prospective, randomized, single blind trial was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Community Based Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2023, to compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in post-neurosurgical ICU. The study was carried out among 50 post-neurosurgical patients requiring extubation after elective ventilation in neurosurgical ICU in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 50 patients were included in this study. Inclusion criteria involved patients aged between 18 and 40 years, fairly classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I or II, and undergone elective mechanical ventilation for less than 24 hours following any neurosurgical procedure. However, we excluded patients if they had unstable hemodynamic conditions, a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of <10 on the day of extubation, no swallowing attempts or visual pursuit, no cough or negative gag reflex, or if they did not meet the weaning criteria for mechanical ventilation. Patients were randomized and before extubation group-I received dexmedetomidine 0.1μg/kg, while group-II received fentanyl 1μg/kg. The degree of sedation, coughing after extubation and haemodynamic parameters were assessed and compared between the groups at the time of extubation. This study observed that single dose of 0.1μg/kg dexmedetomidine given before extubation provides better and smooth extubation as compared to fentanyl (1μg/kg).  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 108-114
Study of Glycated Hemoglobin and Lipid Profile in Normotensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Paul Arup Ratan , Shahidullah ASM , Tumpa Manisha Paul , Saha Kamana Rani , Farzana Shahnur , Suny Nayem Sultana , Biswas Suttam Kumar
Published: February 2025

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient departments (OPD) of Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between January and June of 2022, to evaluate the diagnostic value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in predicting diabetic dyslipidemia. A total of 206 normotensive type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients were selected for the study (141 females and 65 males) and the data were collected through interview in our hospital. Patients’ blood samples were sent for biochemical tests: HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines. The mean age of male and female patients was 64.66±10.99 and 58.53±14.19 years respectively (p<0.001), while BMI was observed 29.08±4.58 and 31.59±6.56 kg/m2 respectively (p<0.05). The mean values of HbA1c and FBG were found slightly higher in females (p>0.05). In lipid profile, the mean values of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in females (p<0.05). Besides, the mean levels of triglycerides (TG) were observed slightly lower and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) slightly higher in females (p>0.05). HbA1c demonstrated significant correlations with FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and risk ratio i.e., TC/HDL-C, as compared to the patients with HbA1c value ≤7.0%, as patients with HbA1c value>7.0% had significantly higher values compared to the patients with HbAlc≤7.0% (p<0.05). However, we found no difference in values of HDL-C between two groups (p>0.05). HbA1c can be utilized as a potential biomarker for anticipating dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients in addition to ensuring glycemic control.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 122-127
Lupus Vulgaris in Gluteal Region: A Rare Presentation in a Female Patient
Authors: Sarker Susthir , Jahan Shahanaz , Paul Anindita , Islam Nahida , Nila Sadia Rubana
Published: February 2025

Lupus vulgaris is the most common type of cutaneous tuberculosis in adults with most varied manifestation.  A characteristic feature of lupus vulgaris is its extremely chronic course with slow but steady growth of the lesions over a period of many years, even decades. Head and neck are the sites commonly affected in European countries. However, in Indian subcontinent, the buttocks, thighs, and legs are the common sites of involvement. A 36-year-old woman presented with large single plaque of 5 weeks duration over left buttock. The lesion was asymptomatic except for mild pain. Histopathologic examination revealed well defined epithelioid granulomas, some multinucleated giant cells including Langhans type of giant cells. Mantoux test was strongly positive with well-defined induration. This case is being reported because of its rarity and acute presentation.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 156-159
Aural Myiasis – A Case Report
Authors: Biswas Binoy Krishna , Khan Manjur Ul Karim , Sinha Barnali
Published: February 2025

Myiasis is a type of parasitosis caused by the larvae of diptera flies. Aural myiasis is the infestation of the external and or middle ear can be extremely dangerous if the larvae destroy the bone and penetrate into the brain. If the larvae penetrate the bone the fatality rate may be as high as 8%. Here we report a case aural myiasis in a patient with congenital mental retardation. He had complaints of complaints of severe earache, blood-stained discharge and something feeling of object left in his left ear over a week. On clinical examination, the right ear was found normal, while several active maggots and purulent secretion were found completely filling the left external auditory canal. 7 maggots were removed immediately after suction of purulent secretion. Then terpene oil was given in the left external auditory canal and another 25 maggots were removed under auto-endoscopic guidance. Later, the patient was treated with proper antibiotics, analgesic and antiallergic medication. Further management included assessment of hearing, computed tomography (CT) scan and follow up.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 160-162
Failed Medical Management of a Caesarean Scar Pregnancy Leading to Manual Vacuum Aspiration and Hysterotomy: A Case Report
Authors: Akanda Marzia , Karim Md Rabeul , Busreea Reeva Aireen , Begum Ferdousi , Muktadira  , Sen Shila , Mirza Tayeeba Tanjin
Published: February 2025

Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a unique type of pregnancy that has been becoming more common due to the growing cesarean section rate. This case report is about a 36-year-old woman with Caesarean scar pregnancy who did not respond to medical management and later underwent successful surgery. The patient previously had two Caesarean section deliveries and three abortions; she was initially given two cycles of methotrexate. However, measurement of β-hCG titers and sonography established continuation of pregnancy at 9 weeks±3 days. Another attempt at medical management with misoprostol and mifepristone was also unsuccessful. Elevation of the β-hCG level was observed from 4165 mIU/mL to 33526 mIU/mL within a month, which was suggestive of a continuing pregnancy. Following those failed medical interventions, a manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) was also tried and failed. For further safety and wellbeing of the patient, hysterotomy under general anaesthesia was done. The case highlights several critical aspects of CSP management: monitoring in the form of serial β-hCG and ultrasound, the shortcomings of medical management, and the timing of the transition to surgery. The fact that performing MVA and hysterotomy after failed medical management signifies that healthcare settings should have more than one treatment options in such cases. Altogether, this paper adds to the number of studies on the management of CSP, highlighting tailored therapeutic methodologies and the importance of the follow-up period. It is the same way that it also poses a challenge regarding the timing of treatment intervention and stressing patient counsel on future pregnancy dangers after a cesarean section.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 163-167
Conjoined Twins Having Cranio-Thoraco-Omphalopagus along with Mild Polyhydramnios
Authors: Muktadira  , Rahman Meher Angez , Farzana Mir Naz , Islam Mahzabeen , Sharma Netay Kumer
Published: February 2025

Conjoined twins, sometimes known as Siamese twins, are a rare kind of congenital human malformation. Conjoined twins are an extremely rare and rarely encountered impediment to monozygotic twinning, occurring in 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 250,000 live births. Conjoined twins share the same genes and are of the same sex. Reports have indicated a 3:1 female predominance. A 17-year-old woman at 23 weeks of gestation was referred at her second trimester of pregnancy from a rural area. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed the presence of a monochorionic, monoamniotic twin pregnancy. The twins conjoined with a single face, single thorax and abdomen with separate upper limb and lower limb. It was finally diagnosed as a case of cranio-thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins of about 23±1 weeks with mild polyhydramnios. A conjoined twin is a well-known rare entity. It is very important to make a diagnosis by ultrasound in time to prevent future complications. Thoraco-omphalopagus type is known to present several cardiac anomalies. Thus, early diagnosis of conjoint twins, details of organ sharing by imaging modalities will help to predict prognosis, aid in patient counseling and further management.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 172-176
A Large Retroperitoneal Neurofibroma with Lumbar Scoliosis and the First Lumbar Vertebral Subluxation: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mannan Mahamud , Eastiak Mohammad Faroque , Islam Md Shahidul , Momtaz Azmary , Khan Md Shahidul Islam , Ahmed Nazmin
Published: February 2025

Retroperitoneal neurofibromas are rare tumors, with an incidence of 3-5% for all neurofibromas. The Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve give rise to these histologically benign tumors. They can be hard to diagnose and treat because of where they are located and their potential to invade the surrounding area and press on nerve roots or other structures. Herein, we report a 17-year-old male patient, who had a complaint of low back pain and pain radiating to the legs, especially on the right side, for one year. MRI and CT scans showed a fairly big (9.7 cm × 4.3 cm) retroperitoneal mass on the right side of the aorta. He also had associated lumbar scoliosis and first lumbar vertebral subluxation. Subsequently, CT-guided core biopsy of the mass provided pathological confirmation indicative of a spindle cell neoplasm consistent with neurofibroma. Retroperitoneal neurofibromas are characterized by their slow growth, and therefore the tumor may not present clinically for a very long time and may only present when it has grown to a considerable size and is exerting pressure on structures in the retroperitoneum. Here, the macroscopic characteristic of a giant size and retroperitoneal location of the tumor gave rise to the low back pain and the radicular leg pain, as it resulted in the compression of spinal nerves. MRI and CT scans were useful in the staging of the tumor prior to surgery, and histologic examination of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis. This case should serve as a reminder that any rare retroperitoneal neurofibromas, especially those that do not fit traditional clinical presentations, should be approached in a more general and extensive collaboration with clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. As such, the acute phase must be identified early and treated adequately to avoid other complications and improve the outcomes of the treatment.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 177-181
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Mature Cystic Teratoma of Ovary
Authors: Busreea Reeva Aireen , Saleh A F M , Naher Kamrun , Mou Mohsina Mahbub
Published: February 2025

Squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare condition and usually arises in mature cystic teratoma (MCT) or dermoid cyst of the ovary. 0.17%-0.2% of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) undergo malignant transformation of which 80% are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) transformation in MCTO. A case of SCC arising in a dermoid cyst of the ovary is being presented here. A 65-year-old post-menopausal lady presented with the complaints of pain and lump in the lower abdomen since 5 months. According to examination made on women and pelvic scanning, a 15 cm complex mass was found in the left adenexa of the patient. Final histopathology was reported as squamous cell carcinoma of left ovary arising from dermoid cyst. The prognosis of the malignant transformation of MCT depends on surgery stage; however it is extremely poor. The patient should receive chemotherapy regardless of stage.  
CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 182-185
Identification of antibiotic use patterns in poultry farms in the southwest region of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarder Safiqul Islam  , Ratna Ghosh  , Md Shafiqul Islam  , Minhazul Abedin Sun  , Mustajabur Rahman  , Dhiman Mondol
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in southwestern Bangladesh, 90 chicken farmers were surveyed across three upazilas under three districts of southwestern Bangladesh to understand the practices and farmers' perceptions of antibiotic use in poultry farming. Data were collected through direct interviews of poultry farmers using a pre-tested interview schedule. The results showed that the highest percentage of farmers kept broilers in their farms (30.0%), followed by layer (28.9%), Sonali (26.7%) and cockerel (14.4%). Farmers marketed broilers at an average of 35 days with a live weight of 2187.04 kg bird-1 and egg production of layer chickens was 88.88%. The majority of chicken farmers (84.44%) used antibiotics, while 47.8% and 92.2% of farmers used probiotics and vitamin-mineral supplements for chicken. The use of antibiotics was suggested by various people, such as veterinary doctors (35.56%), animal health workers (23.33%), drug company representatives (20.00%) and self (5.56%). More than half of the chicken farmers (56.67%) applied antibiotics regularly and the highest percentage was supplied through water (82.2%). Half of chicken farmers used antibiotics for disease prevention (50.00%), followed by treatment of sick chickens (31.11%), growth promotion (2.22%) and both disease prevention & growth promotion (1.11%). The majority of the farmers did not know about the negative impacts of antibiotic use in poultry farming (87.8%), among the remaining 7.8% of farmers said it was carcinogenic, 3.3% stated it was toxicity in humans and only 1.1% said it had no effect of antibiotics in human health. It can be concluded that most of the chicken farmers are using antibiotics indiscriminately, which suggests proper education and awareness creation of poultry farmers to reduce the risks associated with antibiotic use.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 1-8, December 2024
Comprehensive assessment of physicochemical quality, heavy metals, and ecological risks in the Someshwari river water, Netrokona, Bangladesh
Authors: Rima Sarker  , Md Sirajul Islam  , Md Humayun Kabir  , Shahrina Sultana  , Nowara Tamanna Meghla  , Mir Md Mozammal Hoque  , Tanmoy Roy Tusher
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the physicochemical quality of water, the presence of toxic heavy metals, and the associated ecological risk in the trans-boundary of the Someshwari River as it enters Bangladesh through Netrokona District. Samples were collected over the period from June 2021 to May 2022 from five distinct locations. The investigation examined the current status of various physicochemical parameters of the water, including color, odor, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and alkalinity, as well as the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Mn). The findings of the study revealed that temperature, pH, DO, BOD, TDS, EC, and total alkalinity were within established standard limits. The pH values across all water samples exhibited variation within the range of 7.60 to 7.80. Additionally, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mn were found to be within acceptable levels. Notably, no detectable levels of Cr were identified in the river water throughout the three seasons. The HPI values were within the acceptable range, with a range of 42.68 to 92.10 during the pre-monsoon, 26.60 to 48.71 during the monsoon, and 5.57 to 98.00 during the post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Similarly, the HEI values indicated a low level of contamination, with variations from 0.21 to 20.30 in the pre-monsoon, 0.63 to 22.27 in the monsoon, and 5.01 to 33.12 in the post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Mean CD values consistently indicated a lower level of pollution across all three seasons. In summary, the results of this investigation suggest that the water quality in the designated area is suitable for various uses. However, to maintain this water quality, it is strongly recommended that effective awareness programs be implemented to prevent water pollution.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 44-52, December 2024
Spatiotemporal discrepancies and risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in surface water of Shitalakhya River around Narayanganj port in Bangladesh
Authors: Shahrina Sultana  , Islam Md Sirajul , Md Humayun Kabir  , Rima Sarker  , Tanmoy Roy Tusher  , Mir Md Mozammal Hoque  , Nowara Tamanna Meghla
Published: February 2025

The urban rivers of developing countries like Bangladesh have been severely affected by toxic heavy metal pollution, posing serious ecological and human health risks. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations, spatiotemporal discrepancies, and associated risks of five alarming toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn) in the surface water of urban Shitalakhya River around Narayanganj port, one of the biggest and most important river ports in Bangladesh. Water samples were collected for three prevailing seasons i.e., pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon from five selected sites. Physicochemical properties (color, odor, temperature, DO, pH, EC and TDS) of river water were also assessed, while heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and degree of contamination (CD) were calculated to evaluate the risks associated with toxic metal pollution in river water. The findings revealed that several physicochemical parameters, especially DO, EC and TDS, were not within the standards. The hierarchy of mean heavy metal concentrations in Shitalakhya River water was found as Mn>Cr>Cu>Cd>Pb during pre-monsoon, Mn>Cu>Cr>Cd>Pb during monsoon, and Mn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd during post-monsoon season. The metal concentrations were found to be higher in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, whereas the concentrations of all the heavy metals excluding Mn were within the standards recommended for domestic use, surface water, fisheries and irrigation purposes. The comparative analysis exhibited that the water quality of Shitalakhya River is deteriorating day by day at an alarming rate. HPI showed a critical pollution index value (drinking) for all three seasons, whereas HEI revealed low heavy metal contamination for all sampling stations. The values of CD indicated a high level of contamination in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon but monsoon season. The results confirmed the spatiotemporal discrepancies in toxic metal concentrations and associated ecological and human health risks, possibly resulting from the hydrological and anthropogenic interventions not only associated with port activities. Hence, urgent collective effort and proper monitoring are of utmost importance to safeguard the public health and this urban riverine ecosystem.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 74-84, December 2024
Stability, performance and participatory evaluation of potato varieties under rain-fed and irrigation conditions at Southeast, Ethiopia
Authors: Gizaw Wegayehu Tilahun  , Nimona Fufa  , Dasta Tsagaye  , Demis Fikre  , Awoke Ali  , Fekadu Gebretensay  , Kedir Jaleto
Published: February 2025

The goal of potato breeding is to develop widely adaptable, highly productive cultivars that farmers would prefer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and stability of potato varieties linking the preferences of smallholder farmers in rain-fed and irrigated environments. Using a randomized complete block design in three replicates, twelve potato cultivars were assessed in 10 settings in Southeast Ethiopia during the Meher and Belg seasons in 2019 and 2020. The environments, genotypes, and GEI all revealed significant differences (p<0.001) in the pooled analysis of the variance of tuber yield. The tuber yield variances for GEI, environment, and genotypic impacts were 15.48%, 7.61%, and 59.49% explained by the AMMI analysis, respectively. The environments were grouped into three distinct categories. A total of 99.6% of the variance was the cumulative contribution of PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5 sharing 80.8%, 11.3%, 4.3%, 2.2%, and 1.0%, respectively High-yielding and widely adapted were Gera, Gudanie, Bubu, Belete, Shenkolla, Guassa, and Maracharre varieties, according to the AMMI, BLUP, GGE biplot, and WAAS. However, dynamic types that were particularly affected by environmental variations include Jalenie, Dagim, Gorebella, Awash, and Zemen. A stability measure of metric and preference based on various traits identified Gudanie and Guassa varieties. The scores of the small holder farmers were consistent throughout the test environments. The canonical correlation analysis indicated the significant association between the metric traits collected by the breeder and the small- holder farmer preferences. The study provides baseline data for potato breeding, and the varieties must be evaluated in the nation's mega-environments for additional recommendations.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 85-98, December 2024
Effect of different moisture content on nitrous oxide production in aggregated soil of Shintoku, Japan
Authors: Farzana Diba  , Mariko Shimizu  , Ryusuke Hatano
Published: February 2025

Agricultural soils are the major source of the potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance, N2O. An incubation study was carried out using the volcanic ash fine textured soil of Shintoku. Soil samples used in this study were taken from managed grassland at Shintoku Experimental Livestock Farm of Hokkaido University in Southern Hokkaido, Japan (N43º05′, E142º51′). Soil aggregates were air-dried, and sieved with 4.5 mm and 2 mm and adjusted the soil moisture of 60% and 80% of field water capacity (FWC). Just after the moistening, the aggregates were incubated for 9 days under a temperature of 20°C. Just after starting the incubation, the flush of N2O production was observed. Similar flushes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) productions were also observed. All of the gas productions were higher in larger aggregates with 80% of field water capacity. The concentrations of Water Extractable Organic Carbon (WEOC), NH4+-N, pH and total N were significantly different before and after incubation. Shintoku soil showed a significant correlation between before and after incubation for all soil chemical properties except pH. Especially WEOC and NH4+-N changed immediately after the addition of water and this situation continued during the incubation. Larger aggregates showed higher amounts of NH4+-N and NO3-–N and were responsible for higher N2O production compared to smaller aggregates. In Shintoku the results of N2O-N/NO-N ratio in both moisture contents indicated nitrification as a main process of N2O production. It is very well known that N2O is produced more from the denitrification process than nitrification. Poor aeration and less diffusion of NO3-N and WEOC from the aerobic area to the anaerobic area reduce N2O production in the denitrification process of fine textured Shintoku soil.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 99-110, December 2024
Estimation of soil erosion and risk assessment in Somalia
Authors: Abdiaziz Hassan Nur  , Abdullahi Ali Ibrahim  , Abas Abdi Warsame  , Abdikarim Hurre Farah
Published: February 2025

Soil erosion is a pressing issue that threatens environmental stability and agricultural productivity across the globe. In Somalia, where the population already contends with severe socioeconomic and environmental challenges, the effects of erosion compound problems like food insecurity and land degradation. This study investigates erosion patterns and identifies areas prone to soil loss, aiming to provide actionable insights for improving land use practices and resource management. The research employs advanced analytical tools to study how erosion factors are distributed geographically. Data such as terrain characteristics, rainfall intensity, vegetation cover, soil quality, and land usage are systematically analyzed. Cutting-edge modeling techniques, supported by historical erosion trends, help to develop accurate predictions about future soil loss, offering a robust basis for creating effective intervention strategies. The findings show that many regions in Somalia are highly susceptible to erosion, particularly where unsustainable human activities such as overgrazing, deforestation, and improper farming methods are prevalent. These insights underscore the urgent need for targeted policies to mitigate erosion and protect valuable soil resources. By forecasting potential erosion scenarios, this research equips decision-makers with the tools needed to prioritize interventions that enhance agricultural output, preserve ecosystems, and ensure long-term sustainability. This research aids policymakers, land managers, and stakeholders in formulating focused, evidence-based plans for soil conservation and sustainable land use, ultimately facilitating the preservation and enhancement of Somalia's natural resources and agricultural resilience.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 111-121, December 2024
Risk Assessment of Carcinogenic Metals in Soils and Food Crops Near Brick Kiln Cluster
Authors: Chowdhury Nasrin , Rasid Md Mamunur
Published: February 2025

A study was conducted in the Charia area, Hathazari, Chattogram district, Bangladesh to determine the levels of carcinogenic metals Cd and Pb in soils and crop plants in the vicinity of brick kiln clusters. The health risk was evaluated by computing cancer risk using the US EPA model. The amounts of Cd and Pb in the soils and the parts of crop plants were determined by AAS. The soils of the study area were acidic. Metal concentrations indicating the anthropogenic input of Cd and Pd in the soils was in the range from 0.27 to 1.07 mg/kg dry soil and from 19.07 to 52.07 mg/kg dry soil respectively. Accumulation of Cd (0.00 to 0.27 mg/kg) and Pb (0.09 to 0.13 mg/kg) in the studied crops. A significantly high correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) of the elements between soil and plant suggests that the source of contamination is the soil under study. 72% of all the studied edible plant parts exceeded the recommended threshold risk limit of the cumulative cancer risk (ƩILCR), which was higher in the edible part of fruit crops than in root crops. Cd was the dominant carcinogen in the study area.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 17-31, June-December 2024
Assessing the Flood and Riverbank Erosion Impacts and Coping Strategies in Hatia Union of Ulipur, Kurigram, Bangladesh
Authors: Rijon Md Abrar Tazwar , Hossain Md Faruk
Published: February 2025

The present paper aims to focus on the flood and riverbank erosion impacts and coping strategies in Hatia Union of Ulipur, Kurigram of Bangladesh. Due to the prevailing geographical location and topographical features, Bangladesh is considered as one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Kurigram district, located in the northern part of Bangladesh, is particularly flood and riverbank erosion prone because of its extensive river networks and its location within the Teesta-Brahmaputra River basin. Hatia Union of Ulipur Upazila was chosen as the study area due to its susceptibility to these disasters. In order to identify the flood and riverbank erosion impacts and coping strategies, field level data and information were collected through field survey and interviewing the respondents. Using ArcGIS Pro software, Sentinel-1 (SAR) and LANDSAT images with a resolution of 30 meters, the flood and riverbank erosion maps were produced. Floods and riverbank erosion both have significant impacts on local communication, food, shelter, health, employment, security, and people’s movement. Local people suffer a lot and their lives and livelihoods are affected severely by these disaster events. The affected communities undertake various coping strategies with the support of governmental and non-governmental organizations to overcome the incumbent impacts of flood and riverbank erosion. Policy level development and effective implementation of various projects and programs prioritizing the most vulnerable areas, focusing on socio-economic advancement, and resolving relevant issues can limit the sufferings of local people.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 69-88, June-December 2024
Polyarteritis Nodosa with Tubercular Pericardial Effusion: A Rare Coexistence of Childhood Vasculitis and Infectious Disease
Authors: Ferdosh Taslima , Islam Mohammed Mahbubul , Talukder Manik Kumar , Islam Mohammad Imnul
Published: February 2025

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic vasculitis that affects medium-sized arteries, resulting in inflammation and damage to multiple organs. PAN may develop following bacterial or viral infections representing a post-infectious autoimmune response. Tuberculosis (TB) can affect any organ of the body and it is one of the most important causes of pericardial effusion in developing countries. This case report presents a young girl with a rare co-occurrence of PAN and tubercular pericardial effusion having a history of fever, polyarthritis, weight loss, digital gangrene, and respiratory distress. On examination, the patient had signs of heart failure, pericardial effusion, and diminished peripheral pulsation in both anterior and posterior tibial arteries and arteria dorsalis pedis. The patient improved dramatically after receiving combined immunosuppressive and anti-tubercular therapy. This case was a unique coexisting situation where the patient presented with unusual presentations and also demonstrated the complex interplay between autoimmune and infectious diseases which needs a comprehensive diagnostic and treatment approach.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 85-88
Indicators of survival and prognostic factors in women treated for cervical cancer at a tertiary care center in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Nasrin , Hoque Humaira , Parvin Salma , Jahan Merina , Monira Sirajum
Published: February 2025

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of cancer deaths among females in low and middle-income countries. Local survival studies are crucial for assessing overall management effectiveness, as they reflect the level of care provided and awareness among the population about screening and early diagnosis.
Objectives: To analyze disease-free survival (DFS) among patients treated for cervical cancer and investigate clinical, management, and outcome-related independent factors associated with survival.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 393 cervical cancer patients from January 2014 to 2020 at the Gynecological Oncology Department of the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), analyzing demographic and clinical data, tumor characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes, including recurrence, as predictors of survival.
Results: Three hundred ninety-three patients included in this study. The mean average age was 49 years, range 28-85 years. Total follow-up times(months), mean 38; range (6-108) months. Among them 61% were postmenopausal, with a majority of women having a parity of 59% and an average marriage age of 14.93±3.95. The most common presenting symptom was irregular bleeding, with 62.8% of patients being illiterate. Tumor characteristics included FIGO stage I, II, and III, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common histopathological type. Patients received initial surgery (21.6%), radiotherapy (74%), and palliative care (4%). The mean duration of follow-up (DFS) was 2.20 years in <24 months and 3.35 years in >24 months. Residual disease and recurrence were 6.4% and 30.5%, with local recurrence being the most common (22.6%) and liver being the most common site of distal recurrence (38.3%). Survival was independently associated with age, grade II, and FIGO stage III.
Conclusion: Age, grade, and FIGO clinical stages adversely affect the overall survival of cervical cancer patients.  
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 25-31
Comparative analysis of p53 protein expression in early-onset and later-onset colorectal cancers
Authors: Rahman Ashrafur , Shirin Laila , Sayem Md Abu , Hasan Ahmed Sami Al , Alam M Reazul , Masum Mahmudul Hasan
Published: February 2025

Background: The global incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is rapidly rising. However the reason for this and genomic characteristics of early onset CRC is largely unknown. p53 mutation is common in CRC and has been linked to an increased risk of early onset CRC.
Methods: All CRC patients operated at Department of Surgical Oncology, NICRH, between October 1, 2021 and September 30, 2022 were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data and surgical findings were recorded. Histopathology and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was done. Patients were categorized in two groups – ‘Early onset’ (diagnosed before 50 years of age) and ‘Late onset’ (diagnosed at or after 50 years of age). p53 protein IHC status (Mutant or Wild type) and other clinicopathological features were compared between the two groups.
Result: Out of 129 patients operated, 75 (58.14%) patients were in the early onset group. Compared to the late onset group, early onset patients had longer duration of symptoms (112.4 days vs. 88.7 days; p = .032), more peritoneal seedlings during surgery (14.7% vs. 1.9%, p = .011), and more poor differentiation (p = .062) and higher grades (p = .017) on histopathological analysis. Early onset patients had significantly more p53 mutation on IHC analysis than elderly ones (34.7% vs. 16.7%, p = .018). Age of onset showed no significance on either disease free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) in this study. On comparison of patients with either mutant (MT) or wild type (WT) p53 protein, those with MTp53 had more positive family history (20.0% vs. 3.2%, p=.004), higher levels of CEA (6.4 vs. 4.3, p = .028), higher pathological stage (p = .029), more chance of disease progression or recurrence during follow up (p=.035). Short term survival analysis showed patients with p53 mutation had significantly less DFS (p < .001) and OS (p = .001).
Conclusion: Early onset CRC was more prevalent in this study, and was associated with significantly more p53 mutation than the elderly patients. The clinical application of p53 mutation analysis by IHC in all CRC cases, particularly in the early onset patients, should be evaluated.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 5-12