bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental Pathways Are Epigenetically Reprogrammed during Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis
Authors: Karlow Jennifer A. , Devarakonda Siddhartha , Xing Xiaoyun , Jang Hyo Sik , Govindan Ramaswamy , Watson Mark , Wang Ting
Published: August 2022

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest cancers worldwide, with roughly half of all patients initially presenting with both primary and metastatic disease. While the major events in the metastatic cascade have been identified, a mechanistic understanding of how NSCLC routinely and successfully colonizes the brain is largely unknown. Recent studies have begun demonstrating the role of epigenetic misregulation during tumorigenesis and metastasis, including widespread changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. To better understand the role of altered DNA methylation in NSCLC metastasis to the brain, we measured DNA methylation during disease progression for 12 patients, globally profiling the methylation status of normal lung, primary lung tumor, and brain metastasis samples. The variation in methylation was similar during metastatic spread and primary tumorigenesis but less coordinated across genomic features during metastasis. The greatest recurrent changes during metastatic progression were methylation gains in DNA methylation valleys (DMV) harboring the constitutive heterochromatin mark H3K9me3 as well as bivalent marks H3K27me3 and H3K4me1. In a lymph node–derived cancer cell line, EZH2 binding within DMVs was lost, accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation, exemplifying epigenetic switching. The vast majority of the differentially methylated region–associated DMVs harbored developmental genes, suggesting that altered epigenetic regulation of developmentally important genes may confer a selective advantage during metastatic progression. The characterization of epigenetic changes during NSCLC brain metastasis identified recurrent methylation patterns that may be prognostic biomarkers and contributors to disease progression.

Significance:

Altered DNA methylation in lung cancer brain metastases corresponds with loss of EZH2 occupancy at developmental genes, which could promote stem-like phenotypes permissive of dissemination and survival in different microenvironments.
Inhibition of LSD1 with Bomedemstat Sensitizes Small Cell Lung Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade and T-Cell Killing
Authors: Hiatt Joseph B. , Sandborg Holly , Garrison Sarah M. , Arnold Henry U. , Liao Sheng-You , Norton Justin P. , Friesen Travis J. , Wu Feinan , Sutherland Kate D. , Rienhoff Hugh Y. , Martins Renato , Houghton A. McGarry , Srivastava Shivani , MacPherson David
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The addition of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to platinum/etoposide chemotherapy changed the standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment. However, ICB addition only modestly improved clinical outcomes, likely reflecting the high prevalence of an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment in SCLC, despite high mutational burden. Nevertheless, some patients clearly benefit from ICB and recent reports have associated clinical responses to ICB in SCLC with (i) decreased neuroendocrine characteristics and (ii) activation of NOTCH signaling. We previously showed that inhibition of the lysine-specific demethylase 1a (LSD1) demethylase activates NOTCH and suppresses neuroendocrine features of SCLC, leading us to investigate whether LSD1 inhibition would enhance the response to PD-1 inhibition in SCLC.

Experimental Design:

We employed a syngeneic immunocompetent model of SCLC, derived from a genetically engineered mouse model harboring Rb1/Trp53 inactivation, to investigate combining the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat with anti-PD-1 therapy. In vivo experiments were complemented by cell-based studies in murine and human models.

Results:

Bomedemstat potentiated responses to PD-1 inhibition in a syngeneic model of SCLC, resulting in increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and strong tumor growth inhibition. Bomedemstat increased MHC class I expression in mouse SCLC tumor cells in vivo and augmented MHC-I induction by IFNγ and increased killing by tumor-specific T cells in cell culture.

Conclusions:

LSD1 inhibition increased MHC-I expression and enhanced responses to PD-1 inhibition in vivo, supporting a new clinical trial to combine bomedemstat with standard-of-care PD-1 axis inhibition in SCLC.
Risk Factors Influencing Seroconversion after Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People Living with Obesity
Authors: Kara Zehra , Akçin Rüveyda , Demir Ahmet Numan , Dinç Harika Öykü , Kocazeybek Bekir , Yumuk Volkan Demirhan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and the risk factors affecting antibody levels in people living with obesity (PwO) after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) administration. Methods: 169 consecutive patients with obesity who visited the Center for Obesity Management at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospitals, between May and August 2021, were invited to the study. The nonobese control group was recruited from 191 subjects who visited the Cerrahpaşa Hospitals Vaccination Unit. The study group and the nonobese control group have already received two doses of inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid antibody test was administered to patients and control subjects to discover those who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Forty-one patients who had prior infection and received two doses of vaccine were also included in the study as a subgroup. Blood samples were taken on the 3rd to 4th week after the second vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were determined by quantitative serological methods. Results: Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen of individuals with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than those with BMI <30 kg/m2 (p = 0.001) in the study group. Moreover, the antibody titers in people with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than in those having a BMI <30.0 kg/m2 in the subgroup (p = 0.03). Age (p = 0.03), BMI (p = 0.006), and hypertension (p = 0.03) were found to be independent risk factors for antibody response in PwO. Women with non-prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significantly higher antibody response then men (p = 0.001). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2-Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against inactive (CoronaVac) vaccine were found to be lower in PwO compared to nonobese individuals. Antibody titers may be measured, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in PwO for optimal protection.
Ensino-aprendizagem em ciências, matemática e tecnologia
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas
Published: August 2022

Ensino-aprendizagem em ciências, matemática e tecnologia, fruto da parceria entre a Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, por meio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Integração da América Latina (PROLAM/USP), e o grupo de pesquisa Linguagens, Culturas, Tecnologias e Inclusão (LICTI) do Instituto Federal do Pará, apresenta temas que abordam a complexa relação entre ciências, matemática e tecnologia, com preocupação na Educação, iniciando-se com a discussão da Derivada de Ordem Não-Inteira como uma metodologia de análise dos movimentos, destacando informações quânticas e a entropia em um formato mais infinitesimal, segundo os modelos de Grünwald-Letnikov e Riemann-Liouville; passando-se à busca de correlações estatísticas entre pecuária e produção de soja no estado do Pará, ao debate das preocupações pedagógicas no uso de softwares computacionais em álgebra linear, à análise do PROERD Digital como aplicativo para dispositivos móveis na formação de instrutores do Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à discussão da relação entre Educação Física, tecnologia e sustentabilidade nos jogos realizados no Instituto Federal do Pará
Simón Rodríguez, educomunicador do século XIX: leitura histórica de uma experiência tecnocultural
Authors: Fernandez Adrian Padilla
Published: August 2022

Simón Rodríguez, desde o período colonial espanhol, reivindica a dialética entre educação e comunicação como fator-chave do pensamento crítico-original e condição necessária para o surgimento de novas repúblicas. Neste trabalho propomos uma leitura histórica da compreensão do mestre Rodríguez sobre a importância das tecnologias de comunicação de sua época. A recorrência de Simón Rodríguez, em seus textos, ao que é escrito, publicado e divulgado, como parte fundamental dos processos de estruturação da opinião pública e da percepção do que é público na configuração da realidade social, nos fala de sua avaliação da sociedade e da sua valoração da centralidade tecnológica comunicacional, como foi a imprensa no século XIX, época em que viveu.
O impacto da pandemia da covid-19 na transposição forçada do curso de Educação Física presencial para um modelo de ensino remoto emergencial
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Aparecido da
Published: August 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é investigar o impacto da transposição forçada do curso presencial de licenciatura em educação física para o ensino remoto emergencial. Foram estudados 138, que receberam as informações, o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e preencheram questionário sobre a opinião da mudança do curso. Os resultados demonstraram que os alunos não aprovaram a mudança e não consideraram os docentes preparados para atuar remotamente. As ferramentas tecnológicas mais bem avaliadas foram as síncronas com os docentes, que proporcionavam aulas remotas. Como conclusão, verificamos que a transposição forçada foi necessária devido à pandemia, mas não foi bem aceita pelos alunos. Assim, é preciso aprimorar os cursos transferidos para a modalidade remota e formar melhor os professores.
Experiência sobre o ensino de jornalismo ambiental em sala de aula, uma transposição das teorias de Donald Schön
Authors: Pedrini Jociene Carla Bianchini Ferreira , Almeida Cristóvão Domingos , Pedrini Igor Aparecido Dallaqua
Published: August 2022

Apresentamos a experiência de transposição da teoria de Donald Schön que contempla a reflexão sobre a prática docente para o fazer jornalístico de especialidade ambiental. O preceito prática-reflexão-prática, advindo da esfera da educação, foi experimentado durante as aulas de Jornalismo Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Para que o experimento fosse possível, criamos o Botoblog para publicação dos materiais desenvolvidos durante a disciplina. Por meio dos registros no blog, foi possível auxiliar os discentes a refletirem sobre a sua própria produção jornalística. Percebeu-se que a transposição é possível, porém o papel de mediação do professor é fundamental, assim como ferramentas que permitam que mudanças aconteçam em concomitância com a aplicação da ideia de prática-teoria-prática.
Tecnologias e dispositivos móveis no ensino remoto
Authors: Teles Edilane Carvalho , Campana Adriana Maria de Almeida , Costa Suéller
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta dois percursos teórico-metodológicos de inclusão e usos de tecnologias na criação de estratégias formativas autorais para atender as demandas de aprendizagem com o ensino remoto, em duas experiências diversas: a primeira, nos anos iniciais da educação básica, e a segunda, em uma graduação de Pedagogia. Para tanto, analisa, por meio dos percursos propostos, as alternativas encontradas e os planejamentos pautados no protagonismo docente e discente, na apropriação de aplicativos e dispositivos disponíveis. O escopo é compreender alguns dos caminhos possíveis que os grupos propuseram e experimentaram na efetivação das formações. De metodologia participante, pauta-se ainda na pesquisa de recepção, pois individualiza na escuta e observações das interações e registros os discursos e as elaborações dos sujeitos nos contextos.
Caetano Veloso e a poética do tropicalismo
Authors: Rebechi Junior Arlindo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo trilha os aspectos poéticos de duas célebres letras de Caetano Veloso, “Alegria, Alegria” e “Tropicália”, ambas realizadas no contexto político e cultura dos anos 1960. Veloso foi um dos grandes poetas da canção brasileira e o seu trabalho em torno dessas duas canções representou um dos marcos da história da canção brasileira no século XX e do movimento tropicalista.
Tecnologias, aceleração e educação: aproximações entre as noções de aceleração social do tempo, moderna socialização escolar e cultura slow
Authors: Prazeres Michelle
Published: August 2022

Classes ansiosas, estresse docente, valorização da multifuncionalidade, superocupação docente (professores 24/7), reverência ao desempenho e à competição, louvor ao ensino multidispositivos e móvel always on, glorificação da conectividade, apreço ao aluno empreendedor de si, enaltecimento da gestão eficaz e exaltação do estudo multitelas são algumas das reverberações da adesão às tecnologias na zona de interface entre educação e comunicação. Considerando a hipótese de que as tecnologias podem ser aceleradoras da educação, este artigo busca tecer uma articulação entre as noções de aceleração social do tempo e moderna socialização escolar, procurando compreender se a cultura slow pode oferecer elementos para a reflexão crítica sobre as tensões temporais causadas pela adesão às tecnologias na educação.
Educomunicação socioambiental no quilombo Mata Cavalo: narrativas e resistências de uma comunidade tradicional mato-grossense
Authors: Luiz Thiago Cury , Sato Michèle
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta e discute resultados obtidos em uma dinâmica educomunicativa com estudantes dos ensinos fundamental e médio da Escola Estadual Professora Tereza Conceição de Arruda, no quilombo Mata Cavalo (MT). A metodologia da investigação, de caráter qualitativo, está amparada pela fenomenologia onírica de Gaston Bachelard e pela cartografia do imaginário de Michèle Sato. Como recurso de obtenção de dados, utilizamos a observação e a entrevista em profundidade. Identificamos que o fenômeno da emergência climática atinge o quilombo e seus efeitos são mais graves em uma população em situação de vulnerabilidade. Concluímos que a educomunicação socioambiental, em argumentos audiovisuais, comunica a crise do clima que afeta a comunidade e coloca-se como manifestação de resistência dos estudantes quilombolas.
Sex Differences in the Impact of Aortic Valve Calcium Score on Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Patel Parth P. , El Sabbagh Abdallah , Johnson Patrick W. , Suliman Rayan , Salwa Najiyah , Morales-Lara Andrea Carolina , Pollak Peter , Yamani Mohamad , Parikh Pragnesh , Sonavane Sushilkumar K. , Landolfo Carolyn , Alkhouli Mohamad Adnan , Eleid Mackram F. , Guerrero Mayra , Fortuin F. David , Sweeney John , Noseworthy Peter A. , Carter Rickey E. , Adedinsewo Demilade
Published: August 2022

Background:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now an approved alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. As the clinical adoption of TAVR expands, it remains important to identify predictors of mortality after TAVR. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sex differences in aortic valve calcium score (AVCS) on long-term mortality following TAVR in a large patient sample.

Methods:

We included consecutive patients who successfully underwent TAVR for treatment of severe native aortic valve stenosis from June 2010 to May 2021 across all US Mayo Clinic sites with follow-up through July 2021. AVCS values were obtained from preoperative computed tomography of the chest. Additional clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazard regression models were employed to evaluate the effect of AVCS on long-term mortality.

Results:

A total of 2543 patients were evaluated in the final analysis. Forty-one percent were women, median age was 82 years (Q1: 76, Q3: 86), 18.4% received a permanent pacemaker following TAVR, and 88.5% received a balloon expandable valve. We demonstrate an increase in mortality risk with higher AVCS after multivariable adjustment (
P
<0.001). When stratified by sex, every 500-unit increase in AVCS was associated with a 7% increase in mortality risk among women (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02–1.12]) but not in men.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate a notable sex difference in the association between AVCS and long-term mortality in a large TAVR patient sample. This study highlights the potential value of AVCS in preprocedural risk stratification, specifically among women undergoing TAVR. Additional studies are needed to validate this finding.
LPA
2
Contributes to Vascular Endothelium Homeostasis and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pei Jianqiu , Cai Lin , Wang Fang , Xu Chuansheng , Pei Shengqiang , Guo Hongwei , Sun Xiaogang , Chun Jerold , Cong Xiangfeng , Zhu Weiquan , Zheng Zhe , Chen Xi
Published: August 2022

Rationale:

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most dangerous adverse cardiovascular events. Our previous study found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is increased in human peripheral blood after MI, and LPA has a protective effect on the survival and proliferation of various cell types. However, the role of LPA and its receptors in MI is less understood.

Objectives:

To study the unknown role of LPA and its receptors in heart during MI.

Methods and Results:

In this study, we found that mice also had elevated LPA level in peripheral blood, as well as increased cardiac expression of its receptor LPA
2
in the early stages after MI. With adult and neonate MI models in global
Lpar2
knockout (
Lpar2
-KO) mice, we found
Lpar2
deficiency increased vascular leak leading to disruption of its homeostasis, so as to impaired heart function and increased early mortality. Histological examination revealed larger scar size, increased fibrosis, and reduced vascular density in the heart of
Lpar2
-KO mice. Furthermore,
Lpar2
-KO also attenuated blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation with decreased vascular density in gastrocnemius. Our study revealed that
Lpar2
was mainly expressed and altered in cardiac endothelial cells during MI, and use of endothelial-specific
Lpar2
knockout mice phenocopied the global knockout mice. Additionally, adenovirus-
Lpar2
and pharmacologically activated LPA
2
significantly improved heart function, reduced scar size, increased vascular formation, and alleviated early mortality by maintaining vascular homeostasis owing to protecting vessels from leakage. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LPA-LPA
2
signaling could promote endothelial cell proliferation through PI3K-Akt/PLC-Raf1-Erk pathway and enhanced endothelial cell tube formation via PKD1-CD36 signaling.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that endothelial LPA-LPA
2
signaling promotes angiogenesis and maintains vascular homeostasis, which is vital for restoring blood flow and repairing tissue function in ischemic injuries. Targeting LPA-LPA
2
signal might have clinical therapeutic potential to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
High Incidence and Unique Features of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: McCullough-Hicks Margy E. , Halterman Daniel J. , Anderson David , Cohen Kenneth , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) secondary to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia is an extremely rare side effect of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. CVST incidence associated with COVID-19 itself has not been widely reported. We report the incidence of CVST in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods:

We analyzed de-identified electronic medical records of a retrospective cohort of patients admitted with COVID-19 to >200 hospitals between March 2020 and March 2021. We used
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
codes and natural language processing extracts to identify patients with a new CVST diagnosis during COVID-19 hospitalization. The primary outcome was CVST incidence in hospitalized, COVID-19-positive patients. Secondary outcomes included CVST incidence and mortality. Incidence rates were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird estimator method.

Results:

Ninety-one thousand seven hundred twenty-seven patients were evaluated; 22 had new CVST diagnoses by electronic medical record review. CVST incidence in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort was 231 per 1 000 000 person-years (95% CI, 152.1–350.8). Females<50 had the highest incidence overall (males <50: 378.4 [142–1008.2]; females<50: 796.5 [428.6–1480.4]). In patients ≥50 years old, males had a higher estimated CVST incidence (males≥50: 130.5 [54.3–313.6]; females≥50: 88.8 [28.6–275.2]). Older patients (45.5% of patients ≥50 versus 0% of <50 years of age,
P
=0.012) and males (44.4% of males versus 7.7% of females,
P
=0.023) were more likely to die in hospital.

Conclusions:

CVST incidence in COVID-19–positive hospitalized patients is high. Advanced age and male gender were associated with likelihood of death in hospital; further studies are required to confirm these findings.
The Launch of the Volunteer Fleet: Late Imperial Russia and the “Empire Route”
Authors: Sakon Yukimura
Published: August 2022

We examine the first decade that the Russian Volunteer Fleet, established due to the patriotic upsurge that followed the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, connected Odessa with the Russian Far East after 1879. We also discuss government support for Russian ships’ passage through the Suez Canal, triggered by the opening of the Chinese and Indian routes of the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company in 1871. The history of shipping trade in late Imperial Russia gives us hints regarding the scarcely examined relations between Russia and the global economy. Using documents from the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg, we reveal what Russia’s ruling politicians expected from maritime transportation. We argue that Russia’s shipping network, despite its many foreign ports of call, developed to promote the consolidation and development of domestic maritime trade. Some involved in Russia’s shipping trade thought that entering international trade was contrary to national interest.
A monograph of the Afrotropical Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Part 6. Revision of the tribe Cassidini 3, the genus Cassida L.
Authors: BOROWIEC LECH , ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA JOLANTA
Published: August 2022

The genus Cassida Linnaeus, 1758 is revised and 103 species are recognized as valid, all distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa and the south-western part of the Arabian Peninsula. Twenty-four species are described as new: Cassida bamendana sp. nov. (Cameroon), Cassida benaadirensis sp. nov. (Ethiopia and Somalia), Cassida elgonensis sp. nov. (Kenya), Cassida emontinensis sp. nov. (South Africa), Cassida garambana sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo), Cassida heroni sp. nov. (Mozambique and South Africa), Cassida kantnerorum sp. nov. (Malawi), Cassida leleupi sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda), Cassida minutissima sp. nov. (Somalia), Cassida nigeriana sp. nov. (Nigeria), Cassida oromiaensis sp. nov. (Ethiopia), Cassida overlaeti sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo), Cassida oxylepiformis sp. nov. (South Africa), Cassida rabaiensis sp. nov. (Kenya), Cassida rogozinskii sp. nov. (Cameroon), Cassida satanas sp. nov. (Uganda), Cassida senegalensis sp. nov. (Senegal), Cassida shimba sp. nov. (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa), Cassida sparteiformis sp. nov. (Angola), Cassida stipidosa sp. nov. (Ethiopia), Cassida villersi sp. nov. (Burkina Faso and Niger), Cassida voiensis sp. nov. (Kenya), Cassida wanati sp. nov. (South Africa), and Cassida wittmeri sp. nov. (South Africa). The following new synonyms are proposed: Cassida callosicollis Spaeth, 1926 = Cassida magilensis Spaeth, 1926 syn. nov.; Cassida eluta Boheman, 1862 = Cassida cherenica Spaeth, 1917 syn. nov.; Cassida lacrymosa Boheman, 1854 = Cassida trepidula Spaeth, 1932 syn. nov.; Cassida praetimida Spaeth, 1912 = Cassida chapuisi Spaeth, 1912 syn. nov.; Cassida troglodytes Boheman, 1834 = Cassida impompalis Spaeth, 1924 syn. nov. = Cassida lueboensis Spaeth, 1932 syn. nov. Cassida setosa Chapuis, 1880 is a valid species and removed from synonymy with Cassida innotata Boheman, 1854. Colour photos, including intraspecific variablity, a key to species and maps of distribution are given.
Temporal and Spatial Structure of Nocturnal Warming Events in a Midlatitude Coastal City
Authors: Lao Isabelle Renee , Abraham Carsten , Wiebe Ed , Monahan Adam H.
Published: August 2022

Nocturnal warming events (NWEs) are abrupt interruptions in the typical cooling of surface temperatures at night. Using temperature time series from the high-resolution Vancouver Island School-Based Weather Station Network (VWSN) in British Columbia, Canada, we investigate temporal and spatial characteristics of NWEs. In this coastal region, NWEs are more frequently detected in winter than in summer, with a seasonal shift from slowly warming NWEs dominating the winter months to rapidly warming NWEs dominating the summer months. Slow-warming NWEs are of relatively small amplitude and exhibit slow cooling rates after the temperature peaks. In contrast, fast-warming NWEs have a temperature increase of several kelvins with shorter-duration temperature peaks. The median behavior of these distinct NWE classes at individual stations is similar across the entire set of stations. The spatial synchronicity of NWEs across the VWSN (determined by requiring NWEs at station pairs to occur within given time windows) decreases with distance, including substantial variability at nearby stations that reflects local influences. Fast-warming NWEs are observed to occur either simultaneously across a number of stations or in isolation at one station. Spatial synchronicity values are used to construct undirected networks to investigate spatial connectivity structures of NWEs. We find that, independent of individual seasons or NWE classes, the networks are largely unstructured, with no clear spatial connectivity structures related to local topography or direction.
Vertical Motions Driven by Geostrophic Stress in Surface Boundary Layer under a Finite Ekman Number Regime
Authors: Xu Fan , Jing Zhao , Yang Peiran , Zhou Shenghui
Published: August 2022

Geostrophic stress caused by a strong horizontal density gradient embedded in the surface boundary layer plays an important role in generating vertical motion and associated tracer transport. However, dependence of this frictionally driven vertical velocity on the Ekman number (Ek), a key dimensionless parameter for frictional flows in a rotating reference frame, has not been systematically analyzed, especially for a finite Ek. In this study, we theoretically demonstrate that the geostrophic stress always induces an ageostrophic stress acting to offset itself, and such an offsetting effect becomes more evident with increasing Ek. When Ek approaches unity or larger, vertical motion driven by geostrophic stress is much weaker than that derived by Garrett and Loder (GL81), who neglect effects of ageostrophic stress and predict a vertical velocity magnitude scaled with curl of geostrophic stress. Although the cancellation tendency between geostrophic and ageostrophic stress is universal, its underlying dynamics depends on vertical structures of turbulent viscosity and geostrophic flows. A realistic simulation in the winter Kuroshio Extension is conducted to validate the theoretical results and examine which regime, a small versus finite Ek, is more relevant in this region. It is found that the characteristic vertical scale involved in the definition of Ek is primarily determined by the vertical structure of turbulent viscosity and evidently smaller than that of geostrophic flow. The value of Ek in the winter Kuroshio Extension is generally larger than unity. Correspondingly, the GL81 model results in severe overestimation of the geostrophic stress-driven vertical velocity and tracer transport.
The Perceptions of Culturally Diverse Graduate Students on Multicultural Education
Authors: Sanabria Alyssa , Sheplak Ashley , Aydin Hasan
Published: August 2022

This study investigates how the perceptions of graduate students within a doctoral program in a midsized higher education institution in Southwest Florida evolved over a semester regarding multicultural education and impacted their careers and professional lives. A qualitative case study method was utilized with multiple data sources collected, including interviews, students’ written papers, students’ presentations, as well as online discussions and assignments that aimed to prepare educational leaders within culturally diverse topics while challenging and impacting their perceptions about diversity, race, cultural, and multicultural education experiences. The findings were that post-doctoral coursework in the area of multicultural education produced three significant themes: (1) false understanding of what multicultural education encompassed, (2) increased awareness of self-biases, lack of resources and training, and (3) finally, a feeling of helplessness where participants want to see transformation but are unable to affect change.
Informal Family Caregiving of Patients with Diabetic Extremity Wounds: An Integrative Review
Authors: Doss Elizabeth R. , Popejoy Lori L.
Published: August 2022

Annually, 26 million people worldwide develop diabetic extremity wounds, adversely impacting the lives of patients and their family caregivers, who provide vital health assistance to these patients. This integrative review synthesized scientific literature of informal caregiving experiences for patients with diabetic extremity wounds. Five databases were searched for relevant English-language quantitative or qualitative research; ten studies were included in the final analysis. The caregiving experience included disrupted routines, frustration, guilt, poor health care communication, helplessness, and anxiety. Increased caregiver burden and decreased quality of life were associated with higher patient amputation level, worsening wound appearance and patient pain, poor health care communication, lack of social support and/or caregiving help, and lack of caregiver employment outside the home. Future research opportunities include further exploration of caregiver tasks and priorities, caregiving experiences in settings lacking family support structures and equitable health system access, and relationships between the caregiver experience and patient health system utilization.
Efficacy of prolonged application of low-level laser therapy combined with exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled double-blind study
Authors: Alfredo Patrícia Pereira , Bjordal Jan Magnus , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão , Johnson Mark I , Junior Washington Steagall , Marques Amélia Pasqual , Casarotto Raquel Aparecida
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To investigate the effect of prolonged low-level laser therapy application combined with exercise on pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Design

A randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Special rehabilitation services.

Subjects

Forty-three participants with knee osteoarthritis.

Intervention

Following initial assessment, participants were randomly allocated to the Laser group (n = 22, 44 knees) and received low-level laser therapy while the Placebo group (n = 21, 42 knees) received placebo therapy three times a week for 3 weeks. Both groups then received low-level laser therapy combined with exercise three times a week for the following 8 weeks.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was change in knee pain and disability (Lequesne). Secondary outcomes included change in mobility (Timed Up and Go test), range of motion (goniometer), muscular strength (dynamometer), activity (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis questionnaire), and medication intake and relief.

Results

Mean (SD) age of participants was 63.02 (9.9) years. Pain scores at baseline, 3 weeks, 11 weeks, and 6 months follow-up were 9.1 (1.3), 2.6 (2.3), 0.2 (0.9), and 0.2 (0.8) for the Laser group and 9.5 (8.0), 7.7 (5.3), 5.6 (2.4), and 7.4 (5.0) for the Placebo group, respectively. Disability scores at baseline, 3 weeks, 11 weeks, and 6 months follow-up were 14.9 (4.7), 7.6 (4.8), 3.9 (4.2), and 3.5 (4.1) for the Laser group and 17.8 (14.7), 15.2 (11.5), 11.6 (6.4), and 15.8 (11.9) for the Placebo Group, respectively.

Conclusion

In participants with osteoarthritis of the knee, the isolated application of low-level laser therapy in the initial 3 weeks and combined with exercises in the final 8 weeks reduced pain, disability, and intake of medication over a 6-month period.
Combined Effect of Changes in Transit Service and Changes in Occupancy on Per-Passenger Energy Consumption
Authors: Fan Huiying , Lu Hongyu , Dai Ziyi , Passmore Reid , Guin Angshuman , Watkins Kari , Guensler Randall
Published: August 2022

Many transit providers changed their schedules and route configurations during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing more frequent bus service on major routes and curtailing other routes, to reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure. This research first assessed the changes in Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) service configurations by reviewing the pre-pandemic versus during-pandemic General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) files. Energy use per route for a typical week was calculated for pre-pandemic, during-closure, and post-closure periods by integrating GTFS data with MOVES-Matrix transit energy and emission rates (MOVES signifying MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator). MARTA automated passenger counter data were appended to the routes, and energy use per passenger-mile was compared across routes for the three periods. The results showed that the coupled effect of transit frequency shift and ridership decrease from 2019 to 2020 increased route-level energy use for over 87% of the routes and per-passenger-mile energy use for over 98% of the routes. In 2021, although MARTA service had largely returned to pre-pandemic conditions, ridership remained in an early stage of recovery. Total energy use decreased to about pre-pandemic levels, but per-passenger energy use remained higher for more than 91% of routes. The results confirm that while total energy use is more closely associated with trip schedules and routes, per-passenger energy use depends on both trip service and ridership. The results also indicate a need for data-based transit planning, to help avoid inefficiency associated with over-provision of service or inadequate social distancing protection caused by under-provision of service.
The successful application of hemoadsorption for extracorporeal liver support in a child with acute liver failure
Authors: Hui Wun Fung , Cheung Wing Lum , Chung Fung Shan , Leung Karen Ka Yan , Ku Shu Wing
Published: August 2022

A 6-year-old boy developed acute liver failure with hepatic coma due to drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) after multiple antibiotics exposure. He had hyperbilirubinemia, elevated serum bile acids and hyperammonemia with peak serum levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, bile acids and ammonia measuring 418, 328, 174, and 172 μmol/L respectively. In addition to the use of systemic steroid and other supportive therapy, he also received three sessions of hemoadsorption using the Cytosorb® column incorporated into the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit as extracorporeal liver support for a total duration of 75 h, which brought down his serum levels of total bilirubin to 119 μmol/L, bile acids to 58 μmol/L, and ammonia to 55 μmol/L. His conscious level gradually regained coupling an improvement of liver function. Except for mild thrombocytopenia and electrolyte disturbances, the therapy was well tolerated with no major complication encountered. Our case demonstrated that hemoadsorption can be safely employed as an adjunctive extracorporeal liver support modality in children with acute liver failure. The potential role and technical concerns of applying such technique in pediatric patients requires further evaluation in future studies.
Test Review: Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Fourth Edition (WIAT-4)
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , Casey Corinne
Published: August 2022

This article reviews the administrative, scoring, and psychometric properties of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Fourth Edition (WIAT-4, NCS Pearson, 2020 ). The WIAT-4 is one of the more commonly administered broadband measures of academic achievement. The instrument was determined to be well-conceptualized, and generally psychometrically sound. Omissions include factor analyses to determine the instrument’s theoretical and scoring structure, and the lack of presentation of item analysis results. Importantly, the Essay Composition subtest is now much easier to score which should serve to increase interest in the WIAT-4 as a viable option for the assessment of academic achievement. Although there are a number of subtests beyond the core battery to administer, users may find that the time and effort required to administer those subtests are worth the effort given the rich detail furnished that is linked to scientific literature regarding the etiology of learning disabilities.
Bidirectional regulation of BDE-47 on 3T3-L1 cell differentiation based on a restricted cubic spline model
Authors: Liu Zaoling , Wang Menglin , Fan Yong , Wang Jiasui , Jiang Shurui , Abudureman Haiqiemuhan
Published: August 2022

BDE-47 (2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener, which has the characteristics of high biological detection rate, the highest content and strong biological toxicity, and is widely distributed in organisms. Many studies have found that BDE-47 may also be an environmental risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. However, the way that PBDEs influence adipocyte differentiation remains unclear. The methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin method was used to study the effect of BDE-47 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were exposed by different concentrations of BDE-47, and the effect of cell viability was detected at different stages. In addition, the lipid droplet aggregation of adipocytes was observed and the triglyceride (TG) levels in the cytoplasm were detected after differentiation. The relative mRNA expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and PPARγ in cells were determined by RT-PCR, and differentially expressed genes were preliminarily screened by digital gene expression profile. Our study found that BDE-47 promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Restriction cubic spline analysis showed that BDE-47 bidirectionally. regulated the mRNA synthesis of TG, PPARγ, and leptin genes and the aggregation of lipid droplets. BDE-47 may induce adipocyte differentiation by activating PPARγ, resulting in the differential expression of genes related to the AMPK signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and other metabolic pathways. The highest and lowest-dose BDE-47 exposure groups had the greatest impact on adipocyte differentiation.
Men Who Suffered Intimate Partner Violence: Impressions About Existing Public Campaigns and Recommendations for New Ones
Authors: Reis Eduardo , Arriaga Patrícia , Moleiro Carla
Published: August 2022

Over the last decades, the negative effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) directed at men in abusive different-sex and same-sex relationships have been increasingly investigated. Men who are the targets of IPV face many barriers to help-seeking, and to overcome them, public awareness campaigns have been developed. Women who experienced IPV have found campaigns targeting them to be harmful and misleading, and previous research suggests that following the principles of formative evaluation research may improve campaigns’ effectiveness and reduce unwanted negative effects. This article documents the theory-based formative evaluation research conducted with 14 men abused in different-sex and same-sex relationships for the creation of targeted campaigns. Through semi-structured interviews, men were asked about their overall knowledge of campaigns, their thoughts about specific pictorial IPV campaigns, and their suggestions for the development of new campaigns. Thematic analysis and a theoretically grounded coding scheme were used to analyze the content of the interviews with high interrater reliability. Overall, our results indicate that most men were not aware of campaigns in Portugal, and their impressions about the ones they recalled were mixed. Most men praised clear messages informing forms of violence, while some responded negatively to the inclusion of words such as “shame” and “victim” and the depiction of bruises. They also considered that future campaigns targeting men should portray “real people” like them and provide information on self-efficacy, the efficacy of recommended responses, and threat susceptibility. Our findings are consistent with previous evidence with women who experienced IPV but also provide theoretically grounded novel contributions and highlight the importance of considering the population of interest’s insights when developing and testing new campaigns.
The Impact of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the Future of the Workforce: A Study on Malaysian IT Professionals
Authors: Husin Mohd Heikal , Ibrahim Noor Farizah , Abdullah Nor Athiyah , Syed-Mohamad Sharifah Mashita , Samsudin Nur Hana , Tan Leonard
Published: August 2022

With the advent of Industry 4.0, future workspaces are expected to evolve in tandem with technological advances in industry and education. Industry 4.0 calls for transformation and effective talent development is vital in ensuring national aspirations are achieved while eliminating redundancy and ensuring consistency. As such, this study aims to understand the impact of Industry 4.0 on computer engineering-related workforce and skills development within Multinational Companies (MNCs) to Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. In this study, online questionnaires were distributed to evaluate the current and future hiring trends. The study reveals that most of the employees have positive perceptions about the industrial current practice on Industry 4.0 and identified the prospective demands on the professions that will be affected. Five significant areas of required competencies found in this study are adaptability, soft skills, software engineering, data analytics, and technical skills. The findings provide empirical evidence about current and future employment scenarios in Malaysia concerning the possible impact of Industry 4.0 on the companies and issues involved in managing the transition to Industry 4.0. Besides, the emergent skills required by workforces that are previously unaddressed in the literature were identified. Empirical evidence from the analysis contributes to shaping the educational systems of the future and helps to proactively identify specific skills shortages at an early stage.
Modeling the predictors of students’ entrepreneurial intentions: The case of a peripheral European region
Authors: Lopes João M , Laurett Rozélia , Ferreira João J , Silveira Paulo , Oliveira José , Farinha Luís
Published: August 2022

This study analyzes the predictive factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of students at higher education institutions (HEIs) in a peripheral European region. The study includes a sample of 594 students and uses structural equation models for data analysis. The results show that the attitude to behavior and perceived behavioral control positively influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, subjective norms positively impact the attitude to behavior and perceived behavioral control. ‘Closer’ valuation (i.e., of family, friends, etc) influences attitude to behavior and social valuation positively impacts subjective norms. This research contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial intention as it complements the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with two environmental factors: closer valuation and social valuation. This is important because it provides evidence of whether the environment of the country in question influences entrepreneurial intention and indicates the need for investment in entrepreneurship education. Consequently, the study contributes to the literature by identifying educational factors that may influence students to become entrepreneurs in a peripheral European region. Further, this paper tests the relationship between the attitude towards behavior and subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms, something not proposed in the original TPB model.
Curing kinetics, thermal and erosive wear characteristics of bismaleimide blends modified by polyaryletherketone
Authors: Hu Haixia , Li Chao , Wang Chengjun , Shu Rui , Shen Yuzhe
Published: August 2022

The work aimed to study the effect of thermoplastic polyaryletherketone (PAEK) on the curing kinetics, thermal stability and erosive wear performances of bismaleimide (BMI) resin blends. Toughened bismaleimide blends were fabricated using the allyl compound modified bismaleimide resin prepolymer as matrix and PAEK as a toughening agent by blending method. The modified PAEK/BMI blends were characterized and analyzed using the fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the swirling water jet erosive wear apparatus, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three-dimensional surface profilometer. No obvious glass transition was observed for PAEK modified BMI blends in the temperature range of 50–350°C. In addition, the char yields ( Yc) and the heat-resistance index ( THRI) of the PAEK/BMI blends were affected by PAEK addition. The kinetic parameters, such as the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the PAEK/BMI blends were also higher than that of unmodified BMI blends, indicating that the incorporation of PAEK could promote the curing reaction of the epoxy resin without changing the curing mechanism. The erosive wear rate increased with the addition of PAEK especially when the mass fraction of PAEK was 10 parts per hundred of resins ( phr.). These results suggested that the thermal stability of the PAEK/BMI blends was significantly enhanced while the erosive wear resistance decreased by introducing the PAEK.
Interventions that Address Institutional Child Maltreatment: An Evidence and Gap Map
Authors: Finch Meghan , Featherston Rebecca , Chakraborty Sangita , Bjørndal Ludvig , Mildon Robyn , Albers Bianca , Fiennes Caroline , Taylor David J. A. , Schachtman Rebecca , Yang Taoran , Shlonsky Aron
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This evidence and gap map collates evidence reporting on the effectiveness of interventions aimed to prevent, disclose, respond to, or treat child maltreatment occurring in institutional settings.

Methods

A comprehensive and systematic literature search identified primary studies and systematic reviews meeting the review’s eligibility criteria. Literature screening, data extraction and critical appraisals were undertaken independently by multiple reviewers. Data extracted and reported from the included studies included information about the institutional setting, target population, type of maltreatment, intervention type and outcomes.

Results

Seventy-three studies were identified, including 11 systematic reviews and 62 primary studies. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was low to moderate. Most evaluated curriculum-based interventions delivered in educational settings, primarily aimed at preventing sexual abuse. Fewer studies examined other institutional settings or intervention types.

Conclusions

This review highlights a need for high-quality studies evaluating a more diverse range of interventions across more varied institutional contexts.