bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Method for Crop Models: Including Uncertainty in a Sugarcane Model
Authors: Marin Fabio , Jones James W. , Boote Kenneth J.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

We propose an approach for simulating effects of parameter and input variable uncertainties in crop models.

The GLUE was useful for estimating the parameter correlation matrix and the best set of parameters.

The crop model output uncertainty varied with soil and climate conditions.

Crop models are increasingly being used for different purposes, including evaluation of climate change impacts on crop yields and opportunities for adapting management to future conditions. However, past uses of these models have been criticized in part due to a failure of researchers to quantify uncertainties of crop yield prediction. We have developed a method for considering uncertainty in a crop model using a simple sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) model as a case study. A Bayesian Monte Carlo approach generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation was used to estimate model parameters, their uncertainties, and correlations among them using data from five growing seasons at four locations in Brazil where crops received adequate nutrients and good weed control. Some of the model parameters were assumed to be correlated random variables, based on the literature, and varied across their ranges of uncertainty to estimate posterior distributions of parameters. The mean parameter values, parameter ranges, and the parameter covariance‐correlation matrix are inputs to this Bayesian approach, which includes a Toeplitz–Cholesky factorization to generate correlated random variable samples and then simulate a distribution of state variables on a daily time step. Correlated random simulation, based on posterior distributions of parameters, was an effective method for including uncertainty in the crop growth and yield estimates. We demonstrated that uncertainty can be reduced with respect to model structure and parameter meaning because the optimization process is heavily dependent on prior knowledge of the parameters. Uncertainty varied with environment even though distributions of parameters remained the same across all environments.
Aspergiloma Pulmonar em Paciente Portadora de HIV: Relato de Caso
Authors: Martines Leandro Altrão , De Oliveira Daniel Pio , Mexas Pedro Paulo
Published: February 2017

Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 45 anos portadora de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA), não aderente ao tratamento para tuberculose pulmonar, que evoluiu com hemoptise importante. Aos exames de imagem, evidenciavam-se cavernas pulmonares com presença, no interior destas, de estruturas de partes sólidas. Foram obtidos, no lavado broncoalveolar, Aspergillus sp. Devido às repetidas hemoptises, a paciente foi submetida à cirurgia. Porém, apresentou má evolução no pós-operatório e apresentou como desfecho o óbito.
DAYA PREDIKSI HASIL UJI KOMPETENSI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN BIDANG KEAHLIAN TEKNIK BANGUNAN
Authors: Meirawan Danny
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Daya Prediksi Hasil Uji Kompetensi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Bidang Keahlian Teknik Bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan daya prediksi hasil uji kompetensi siswa SMK Bidang Keahlian Teknik Bangunan Program Keahlian Gambar Bangunan terhadap kesempatan kerja di bidang konstruksi bangunan. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian deskriptif analitik. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa pada SMK Negeri di Kota Bandung Bidang Keahlian Teknik Bangunan Program Keahlian Gambar Bangunan, sedangkan sampel adalah siswa SMK sebanyak 90 orang siswa. Data hasil uji kompetensi diperoleh dengan metode dokumentasi, sedangkan data tentang kesempatan kerja di bidang konstruksi bangunan diperoleh dengan angket. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Gambaran umum hasil uji kompetensi siswa SMK Bandung Bidang Keahlian Teknik Bangunan Program Keahlian Gambar Bangunan sebesar 70% berada pada kategori baik. (2) Kesesuaian kompetensi yang diujikan dengan tugas pekerjaan di bidang konstruksi bangunan termasuk kategori baik. (3) Daya prediksi didasarkan pada besarnya sumbangan yang diberikan oleh hasil uji kompetensi dalam merebut kesempatan kerja di bidang konstruksi bangunan sebesar 20,1%. Dengan uji kompetensi diharapkan siswa dapat memunyai kompetensi yang sesuai dengan dunia kerja sehingga memunyai kesempatan kerja yang lebih besar. Kata Kunci: daya prediksi, kesempatan kerja, uji kompetensi
ARTI PENTING PENDIDIKAN MITIGASI BENCANA DALAM MENGURANGI RESIKO BENCANA
Authors: Suhardjo Dradjat
Published: February 2017

Abstract: The Significance of Disaster Mitigation Education in Reducing Disaster Risks. More than 60% of the areas in our country are threatened by earthquakes, besides tsunamis, volcano eruptions, floods, landslides, forest fires, and biodiversity degradation. This article focuses on the mitigation of such natural disasters, especially earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruption, through the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) program. Up to now, there has been no technology capable of accurately predicting when earthquakes and tsunamis will occur. One effective action to anticipate them is through sustainable education and training programs for children, youths, and adults. The goals of the programs are to provide them with self-help to save their lives, encourage them to participate in the programs, and make the adults initiators in the disaster management. Thus the curriculum should be designed for learning and training to implement the DRR program and should include local wisdom. Keywords: education, mitigation, local wisdom
MODEL KOORDINASI PENGELOLAAN GURU PNS DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Sulistyono T.
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) bagaimana model koordinasi mulai tahap perencanaan kebutuhan sampai dengan tahap pemberhentian guru PNS; dan (2) apakah ada deprofesionalisasi melalui politisasi terhadap guru-guru oleh para pejabat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data Focus Group Discussion (FGD), wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis menggunakan pola pikir induktif dan deduktif (reflektif). Hasil penelitian diperoleh model koordinasi sebagai berikut. (1) Koordinasi internal dan eksternal telah dimulai sejak tahap perencanaan hingga tahap pemberhentian. Koordinasi internal dilakukan di jajaran Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta. Koordinasi eksternal dilakukan oleh jajaran Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta dengan lembaga-lembaga lain sesuai dengan tahapanannya. Pedoman koordinasi, yaitu komitmen membedakan politik dengan pendidikan, kultur dan aturanaturan hukum, baik secara nasional maupun lokal. (2) Tidak terjadi deprofesionalisasi melalui politisasi terhadap guru-guru PNS oleh pejabat di lingkungan Kota Yogyakarta; koordinasi guru PNS di Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta telah berjalan dengan baik. Kata Kunci: koordinasi, guru PNS, otonomi daerah, desentralisasi
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEMINAR SOCRATES TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Redhana I Wayan
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran seminar Socrates dan model pembelajaran langsung. Jenis dan rancangan penelitian berupa penelitian eksperimen semu dan nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Gianyar, Bali, dengan sampel dua kelas XI IPA, yaitu XI IPA 3 dan XI IPA yang masing-masing berjumlah 32 orang. Penentuan kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen dilakukan melalui pengundian. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes hasil belajar dan data dianalisis dengan statistik Ancova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran seminar Socrates dan siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran seminar Socrates menunjukkan hasil lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran langsung. 4 Kata Kunci: seminar Socrates, pembelajaran langsung, hasil belajar
PARADIGMA PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN MASA DEPAN
Authors: Suswandari Suswandari
Published: February 2017

Abstract:  The History  Teaching  Paradigm  Facing  Future  Challenges.  Teaching history is an interesting topic to be discussed, especially when modern human life becomes more materialistic and pays almost no attention to moral values. History, and especially history teaching, as a part of social sciences becomes dry because it provides no financial benefits in the short run as in the case of other social sciences. However, history and history teaching play an important role in the existence of a nation with regard to moral values. By studying history everybody can understand better about himself or herself, his or her existence, and how  life always changes through experiences. History teaches people to be wise and not to repeat mistakes. Therefore, history teaching plays an important role in the existence of a nation. Keywords: paradigm, history teaching, future challenges
PENGGUNAAN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) DI PERGURUAN TINGGI: STUDI KASUS DI UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
Authors: Munir Munir
Published: February 2017

Abstract: Factors Affecting the Use of the Learning Management System inUniversities (A Case Study in Indonesia University of Education). The purpose ofthis paper is to find out factors that affect the usage of the Learning ManagementSystem (LMS) in in Indonesia University of Education. Indonesia University ofEducation has been built LMS to support learning processes. The focus is on factorsaffecting the use of LMS in supporting effective and efficient learning processes. Inthis research the writer used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to find outthose factors. The data were collected using the survey technique and wereanalyzed by means of the multivariate statistic method. The result of this researchconcluded that the factors of Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use(PEOU), Intention to Use (ITU), Actual Usage Behavior (AUB) significantly affectedthe effective and efficient use of LMS in supporting learning processes.Keywords: Learning Management System (LMS), Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), Information and Communication technology (ICT).
PENILAIAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN KEMAHIRAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKATIF
Authors: Sumadi Sumadi
Published: February 2017

Abstract: Assessment of the Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes Using theCommunicative Approach. Since the 1994 Curriculum was launched up to now,the assessment of the Indonesian language learning outcomes has been directed tothe student’s ability to use Indonesian communicatively in real situations.However, many teachers still assess such an ability based on the students’theoretical knowledge, not on their communicative ability. This might happenbecause of the teacher’s lack of understanding about the use of the communicativeapproach in the Indonesian language learning. This article discusses the assessmentof the Indonesian language learning outcomes using the communicative approach.The discussion consists of the assessment philosophy, techniques and procedures,rubrics, and sample test items constructed based on the communicative approach.Keywords: assessment, communicative approach
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PENILAIAN PEMBELAJARAN GEOGRAFI SMA DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Nursa'ban Muhammad
Published: February 2017

Abstract: An Evaluation of the Implementation of the Geography LearningAssessment in Senior High Schools in Bantul Regency. This study aims toevaluate the implementation of geography assessment in senior high schools basedon the Regulation by the Minister of the National Education Number 20 Year 2007about the National Standard of Assessment. This study was an evaluation studyemploying the Stake’s model. The sample, selected by means of the simple randomsampling technique, consisted of 56 geography teachers in Years X, XI, and XII ofsenior high schools. The data were collected using a questionnaire and observationguide and analyzed using the descriptive analysis based on the predeterminedcriteria. The findings are as follows. 1) The antecedent phase, consisting ofassessment principles, is in the very good category. 2) The transaction phase,consisting of assessment techniques, is in the good category. The instruments,mechanisms, and processes of assessment are in the very good category. 3) Theoutcome phase shows that the assessment of geography learning is in the very goodcategory.Keywords: assessment, geography learning
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI DAN PROSES BELAJAR KIMIA DASAR MAHASISWA BILINGUAL MELALUI STRATEGI TEAM-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Rahayu Sri
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prestasi belajar, kualitas proses pembelajaran dan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penerapan strategi Team-Based Learning. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Bilingual FMIPA UM yang menempuh matakuliah Kimia Dasar I pada Tahun Akademik 2012/2013. Penelitian tindakan kelas dengan tiga siklus ini meliputi langkah-langkah perencanaan, implementasi tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian adalah tes prestasi belajar, catatan lapangan, pedoman observasi dan angket. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengikuti perkuliahan: (1) prestasi belajar mahasiswa meningkat dan hampir 100% mahasiswa mencapai skor 70; (2) kualitas proses pembelajaran meningkat, semakin banyak kelompok dapat menyelesaikan tugas tepat waktu, interaksi antar mahasiswa dan kemampuan dalam presentasi berbahasa Inggris meningkat; (3) mahasiswa memiliki persepsi positif terhadap pembelajaran. Kata Kunci : team-based learning, prestasi belajar, proses belajar, persepsi, kimia dasar INPROVEMENT ON THE CHEMISTRY ACHIEVEMENT AND THE LEARNING PROCESS OF UNIVERSITY BILINGUAL STUDENTS THROUGH TEAM-BASED LEARNING STRATEGY Abstract: This classroom action research aims to describe students’ achievement, the quality of the learning process and students' perception on the implementation of the Team-Based Learning strategy. The subjects were bilingual students of the Chemistry Education Program of FMIPA UM who took a course of Basic Chemistry I in the academic year of 2012/2013. The three-cycle action research included the steps of planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection. The research instruments were an achievement test, field notes, observation sheets and questionnaires. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that after the students attended the instruction: (1) their achievement increased and nearly 100% of the students achieved a score of 70; (2) the quality of the learning process improved, more and more groups could accomplish the assignments on time, the interaction among students and the ability to present in English also improved; (3) students had positive perception towards the strategy. Keywords: team-based learning, learning achievement, learning process, basic chemistry
MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER MELALUI LAYANAN PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT PADA PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT
Authors: Sutisna Anan
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan model pemberdayaan perempuan dan pengarusutamaan gender melalui layanan pendidikan masyarakat pada Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei, teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran angket, dan teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hal-hal sebagai berikut. (1) Layanan program pendidikan masyarakat yang paling banyak diikuti oleh responden adalah pendidikan kesetaraan (61,4%), dan jenis kelamin responden dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan (75,8%). (2) Pemberdayaan perempuan dan pengarusutamaan gender melalui pendidikan masyarakat (61,5%). (3) Model pemberdayaan perempuan dan pengarusutamaan gender melaui pendidikan masyarakat, dipandang strategis dengan pengintegrasian berbagai program yang direncanakan oleh pemerintah dengan program life skill sehingga akan menghasilkan sumberdaya manusia yang berakhalak mulia, cerdas, terampil dan mandiri. Kata Kunci: model pemberdayaan perempuan, layanan Pendidikan masyarakat A MODEL OF WOMAN EMPOWERMENT AND GENDER MAINSTREMING THROUGH COMMUNITY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE IN THE COMMUNITY LEARNING ACTIVITY CENTER Abstract: This study was aimed to describe a model of woman empowerment and gender mainstreaming through the community educational service in the community learning activity center in Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region. This study employed the survey method. The data were collected through questionnaires and were analyzed using the descriptive statistics. The findings showed the following: (1) the community educational program service mostly joined by the respondents was the equality education (61.4%), and most of the respondents were female (75.8%). (2) The woman empowerment and gender mainstreaming was carried out through the community education (61.5%). (3) The model of woman empowerment and gender mainstreaming through the community education is considered as being strategic with the integration of various programs planned by the government with the life skill program to produce human resources with the good character, being intelligent, skillful, and self-dependent. Keywords: model of woman empowerment, community educational service
MODEL MANAJEMEN SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS ABAD XXI
Authors: Diat Prasojo Lantip
Published: February 2017

Abstract: A Model of the Senior High School Management in the 21st Century.Globalization brings about wide impacts, including demands for development inthe educational field. The development of secondary education, especially seniorhigh schools, needs to be well planned in order that it can be well implemented.One of the problems arising in the senior high school development is one related tomanagement. This can be solved using a reliable management model, called amodel of the senior high school management in the 21st century. This model isbased on five principles, i.e.: (1) improvement of the quality of senior high schools,(2) implementation of modern management, (3) implementation of balancedscorecard, (4) implementation of good governance, and (5) application anddevelopment of ICT.Keywords: management model, 21st century management system
KONSTRUKTIVISME DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS DI SD: TINJAUAN EPISTEMOLOGI, ONTOLOGI, DAN KERAGUAN DALAM PRAKSISNYA
Authors: Barlia Lily
Published: February 2017

Abstract: Constructivism in Science Learning in Elementary Schools: Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives and Doubts in the Praxis. A constructivist perspective focuses on children’s contribution to the construction of knowledge. Constructivism believes that a child is a real inquirer and discoverer who is actively engaged in building theories about the world and the way it works without the aid of direct instructions. The implication is that teachers have to give wider mandates to students, to provide them with contexts for experimentation to occur, and to facilitate theory building by providing helpful experiences. Epistemologically and ontologically, there are still doubts about the application in practice. This, however, should not be a constraint for science teachers to implement basic principles of constructivism as one of the alternative solutions to educational reform and movement in the elementary school science. Keywords: constructivism, science learning science, elementary school science
E qual lugar vocês guardam? O direito de aprendizagem em Geografia nos anos iniciais
Authors: Lopes Jader Janer Moreira , Gonçalves Tânia Regina Peixoto da Silva , Lima Reinaldo
Published: February 2017

O texto busca refletir sobre os direitos de aprendizagem em Geografia nos primeiros anos da educação básica. Faz uma reflexão dos propósitos de trabalho com esse campo de conhecimento, com os conceitos básicos da ciência geográfica e traz algumas propostas práticas de trabalhos no cotidiano escolar.
Políticas curriculares e subalternização do trabalho docente
Authors: Selles Sandra Escovedo , Andrade Everardo Paiva
Published: February 2017

O artigo examina sentidos de autonomia docente, buscando apoio nas reflexões de autores que, em movimentos ora convergentes, ora divergentes, vão delineando uma problemática acerca do tema. Apoia-se na ideia de que diferentes estratégias buscam regular o trabalho docente, e que, no âmbito de suas práticas, os professores implementam táticas que modulam tais projetos de regulação. Argumenta que a regulação pela política, em especial, que as políticas curriculares subalternizam a prática docente e o trabalho do professor. Para fundamentar o argumento, busca evidências em textos de políticas curriculares que circulam no contexto educacional. A análise percorre a exploração não exaustiva de sentidos de autonomia na literatura e examina, sobretudo, as contribuições teóricas de Claude Lessard e António Nóvoa, procurando problematizar o conceito. Conclui, por uma compreensão contingente da autonomia de professores que os considere como sujeitos capazes de construir sua própria concepção no contexto de culturas docentes valorizadas e fortalecidas.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PRESTASI BELAJAR DENGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL
Authors: Nauli Thaib Eva
Published: February 2017

Many people think that in order to achieve high academic achievement, the Intellectual Intelligence (IQ) is also have to be high. However, according to the latest research results in the field of psychology to prove that IQ is not the only factor affecting people’s achievement, but there are many other factors that affect, one of them is Emotional Intelligence (EI). EI is the ability to recognize emotions, manage emotions, motivate oneself, show empathy and the ability to build relationships with others. Academic achievement is the result of learning based on the measurement and assessment of learning outcomes that is normally in the form of score written in the rapport. When students have high EI, it will increase their academic achievement. Thus, students should have good EI to achieve a better achievement in school and prepare them for the real world. Emotional intelligence plays a great role in student success at school and in their environment. Therefore, it is recommended to the school especially the teachers to incorporate elements of emotional intelligence in presenting material and engaging students in the classroom.
KONSEP MANAJEMEN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN: Suatu Analisis dalam Bidang Administrasi Pendidikan
Authors: Yacoeb M
Published: February 2017

Al-Qur’an al-karim sebagai kitab suci bagi umat Islam antara lain berfungsi sebagai huda yang sarat dengan berbagai petunjuk bagi manusia agar menjadi khalifah yang baik di muka bumi ini. Untuk memperoleh petunjuk tersebut diperlukan studi lebih lanjut tentang pengkajian terhadap al-Qur’an sehingga umat Islam benar-benar dapat mengambil manfaat dari pada isi kandungan al-Qur’an yang di dalamnya membahas permasalahan-permasalahan yang sudah terjadi, sedang terjadi, maupun yang belum terjadi secara komprehensif. Semua hal yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan manusia, maupun eksistensi alam ini sudah termuat dalam al-Qur’an, termasuk permasalahan asal dan proses kejadian manusia, sampai kepada aktivitas yang dilakukan manusia. Begitu pula dengan kajian tentang manajemen pendidikan, hal tersebut juga sudah tertulis di dalam Al-Qur’an.
DARI MANAJER MENJADI PEMIMPIN PENGAJARAN: Perubahan Peran Kepala Sekolah
Authors: Ahmad Syarwan
Published: February 2017

Instructional leadership is a concept in which a principal’s management emphases on academic or instructional improvement. It is the principal leadership siding with academic affairs. Conventionally, school principals play the role as managers or administrators. Whereas the role of instructional leadership is delegated to other parties such as vice principal for curriculum affairs. Most educators and scholars agree that instructional leadership needs to be practiced if effective schools are to be realized. To be an instructional leader, it is necessary for a principal to have expertise in curriculum, instruction and assessment. Since most principals lack of skills on instructional leadership practices, instructional leadership training for principals is badly needed.
Techniki neutralizacji przestępstw stosowane przez dilerów substancji psychoaktywnych – analiza wybranych przypadków*
Authors: Sikorska Angelika
Published: February 2017

Autorka porusza problematykę działalności handlarzy niedozwolonymi substancjami psychoaktywnymi oraz stosowanych przez nich strategii neutralizacji tej przestępczości. Wstępem do podjętych rozważań jest analiza zjawiska przestępczości w kontekście problemów jednostkowych i społecznych. Ponadto charakteryzuje kluczową dla badań kategorię teoretyczną, tj. „techniki neutralizacji przestępstw” autorstwa Greshama Sykesa i Davida Matza. W kolejnej części artykułu przedstawia założenia metodologiczne analizy oraz jej nadrzędny cel. Na podstawie wywiadów swobodnych identyfikuje i charakteryzuje poszczególne techniki neutralizacji stosowane przez dilerów. Zrealizowane badania pozwalają na wyłonienie nowej strategii jaką jest kwestionowanie szkody poprzez wskazywanie mniejszego zła. Wnioski z prezentowanej analizy mogą być przydatne w praktyce zawodowej (działaniach profilaktycznych, resocjalizacyjnych).
Developments in corporate governance: The case of Vietnam
Authors: Lien Tran Thi Hong , Holloway David A.
Published: February 2017

Corporate governance practices have changed significantly across the world in the past three decades. Spectacular corporate failures during this period have acted as a catalyst for the development of codes and guidelines that have resulted in the global acceptance of a ‘best practice’ model. This study assesses the relevance of such a ‘one size fits all model’ for the developing nation state of Vietnam. The findings of this analytical paper is that there are three key elements (government, international institutions and the nature of business) that are pertinent and central to corporate governance developments in the country. We also find that the quality of corporate governance in Vietnam is at a medium level when compared to international practices. Vietnam still has a long way to go to construct and embed effective corporate governance policies and practices and promote ethical business behaviours and sound decision making at board level.
The governance model of the U.S. and EU after the economic crisis?
Authors: Albu Gina
Published: February 2017

In this paper we have treated several fundamental issues underlying some issues about interventionism, governance and so on that come in actuality in this period of economic crisis. Over time the economic crisis that began in 2008 has had some negative consequences on the global economy. Moreover, many sparked controversy between the followers of Keynes and Friedman’s and not least between Obama’s policies envisaging growth and EU austerity policies that were aimed at reducing the deficit and debt. It is necessary that both the U.S. and the EU to rethink the development model and to improve governance in all aspects. Stiglitz and Krugman are some of the biggest proponents of interventionism and higher government spending. They also are trying to find solution for economic growth.
The European banking system before and after the crises
Authors: Lazarides Themistokles , Pitoska Electra
Published: February 2017

The European banking system is not isomorphic. The differences can be traced to the differences in their local economy development, legal origin, ownership status, corporate governance system, etc. The 2008 crisis has found the banking system of Europe in a transition status. The adoption of Euro, the establishment of the European Central Bank, the Basil III initiative, the adoption of legal isomorphism as policy in E.U., and finally the crises have been creating a unique environment for the banking system.
The paper will address the issue of convergence of the banking system in Europe using a set of data from 27 countries of Europe. The analysis shows that the banks haven’t changed their financial and ownership structure. Some changes in strategy are not adequate to formulate the opinion that the banking sector in Europe is different than the one before it.
The application of systems analysis to enhance the performance of logistic systems in supporting economic growth and development
Authors: Pienaar Wessel
Published: February 2017

This paper provides guidelines on how decision-makers can choose capital projects on the basis of economic and financial criteria by applying a systems-analysis approach. Project appraisal, selection and prioritisation criteria are listed, followed by a description of the way in which the result of each appraisal technique should be interpreted. Criteria that should be adhered to in the selection of mutually exclusive projects and the prioritisation of functionally independent projects in order to maximise net output in the long run are supplied. Applications of the proposed investment decision rules are illustrated by examples. Two techniques are proposed that may be used as additional decision-making instruments when evaluated projects show similar degrees of long-term financial viability. Five performance areas that collectively best represent successful organisational logistics performance are detailed.
The impact of innovation and technology on microfinance sustainable governance
Authors: Visconti Roberto Moro , Quirici Maria Cristina
Published: February 2017

Technical or social innovation, concerning also the creation and commercialization of new products, strategies and management, has a deep actual - and especially trendy - impact on microfinance institutions (MFIs), contributing to reshape their business model, with an impact on their overall risk profile. Innovation is mostly an opportunity even for MF risk mitigation, considering its pervasive impact on risk factors. This original analysis is addressing, in a multidisciplinary and innovative comprehensive way, apparently weakly related topics such as MF governance, and IT issues, within recessionary cycles. This hardly investigated frontier faces key trendy issues, which are likely to deeply reengineer the relationship among different stakeholders, as it has already happened, on a different and more sophisticated scale, with traditional banking. To the extent that technology (with access to Internet, social networks, cashless electronic payments, etc.) reshapes the equilibriums among different stakeholders, it is likely to have important – albeit under-investigated - corporate governance consequences, softening the conflicts of interest among stakeholders and reinforcing the business model, making it more resilient during recessions, with positive externalities on both sustainability and outreach.
Study on human capital of dispatched workers in high-tech industry – evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Yi Hua , Yang Yi Lung
Published: February 2017

From perspective of scholars, experts, dispatched work agencies and supervisors of enterprises which need dispatched workers, this study divides dispatched workers into core and non-core dispatched workers and probes into the difference of human capital of these two types of workers from dimensions and indicators. Regarding four dimensions of human capital, this study demonstrates that high-tech industry pays more attention on capability, affection & motive and uniqueness of core dispatched workers. As to indicators of dimensions of human capital, there are still significant differences between core and non-core dispatched workers. This study completely aims to probe into high-tech industry, human capital and dispatched workers. The results and contributions of this study offer academia, enterprises which need dispatched workers, dispatched work agencies, and dispatched workers.
The effect of press visibility on voluntary disclosure: cross-country evidence
Authors: Prokofieva Maria , Clark Colin
Published: February 2017

The study investigates the effect of press coverage on voluntary disclosure in the narrative sections of annual reports of Australian and Chinese listed companies. A combination of the legitimacy theory and media agenda setting theory is employed to examine their application in the context of different country-level governance mechanisms, in particularly in Anglo-Saxon (Australia) and Asian (China) economies. The study is based on a sample of 200 listed companies and employs multiple regression analyses. The findings show that press coverage is positively and significantly associated with voluntary disclosure suggesting that closer media attention increases voluntary disclosure. The effect of press coverage is mediated by country-level governance mechanisms, suggesting stronger association in countries with stronger legal enforcement mechanisms
The disclosure in social reporting of energy sector: Experiences from Italy, the USA and China
Authors: Romolini Alberto , Gori Elena , Fissi Silvia
Published: February 2017

Attention towards CSR issues is very high in Europe and America, but also in countries like China, which have little cultural tradition of it. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality and the trend of social reporting in Italy compared with in the USA and China by exploring the indicators disclosed within social reports. The study considered the energy and utilities sector by analysing the quality of social reporting through the indicators disclosed in 2009, 2010 and 2011 reports according to GRI guidelines. The research results show the quality level of social reporting in Italy is higher than that of the USA and China. However the research hypothesis was not confirmed as the quality does not show an increased trend. Chinese companies show opposite results as the quality levels dropping notably between 2009 and 2011.
Australian universities and intellectual capital reporting: Case study: The group of eight
Authors: Karami Siavash , Vafaei Alireza
Published: February 2017

Australian universities are the major exporter of higher education in the country. As knowledge producers, they face the challenges of globalization, and the financial resources needed to maintain their competitive advantage. The current funding systems that use traditional resources like students’ fees and government grants are unable to meet these requirements. This could well force Australian universities to improve their structures; aiming for a higher international standard and recognition of a more visible and dynamic competitive system to attract funds. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of intellectual capital disclosure and the existence of any standalone intellectual capital report (ICR) by Australian universities. Four universities from the eight leading Australian universities known as the Group of Eight (Go8) have been chosen at random for this study. The universities in the Group of Eight compared to other Australian universities are highly research-concentrated and subsequently, have valued reputations.
Findings indicate that sample universities disclose some intellectual capital information via their annual reports. However, there has been no attempt, at the institutional or systems-wide level, to produce a standalone intellectual capital report (ICR) with standard indicators. In fact, a low rate of innovation, poor human resources and a weak relationship with business need a new managerial approach. Accordingly, results suggest a change within the current system. This study strongly recommends Australian universities to utilize a universal framework for measuring, managing and reporting of intellectual capital information to meet the global and competitive challenges ahead. Currently, European universities – as Australian competitors - are required to disclose a standalone intellectual capital report to construct a harmonized national university system. Theoretical implications of this paper assist with the classification and search for appropriate indicators for measurement and disclosure of Intellectual capital in universities. The practical implication of this paper could be of interest to many different parties, such as institutional investors, managers, policy makers and university scholars.
Commodity prices and stock market performance in South Africa
Authors: Mongale Itumeleng Pleasure , Eita Joel Hinaunye
Published: February 2017

As an export based economy, commodity prices and stock market performances are always a course for concern in the South African economy. This paper investigates the effects of the commodity prices and selected macroeconomic variables on stock market performance. The paper uses quarterly time series data and the estimation covers the period 1994 to 2013. Using Engle-Granger two steps econometric technique, the underlying series are tested for univariate characteristics of the variables unit root by employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin test statistics. The findings show that an increase in commodity prices is associated with an increase in stock market performance and there is a positive association between stock market and macroeconomic such as money supply and exchange rate in South Africa.
The relationship between company size and CEO remuneration: A scaling perspective
Authors: Oberholzer Merwe
Published: February 2017

The first objective of the study is to empirically test a number of company size determinants’ significance as size proxies in benchmarking CEO remuneration for different sectors of Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)-listed companies. The second objective is to investigate an issue that has not been examined in previous studies, namely the extent to which companies are able to linearly scale their CEO remuneration and company size without changing the remuneration-to-size ratio. To fulfil the first objective, data extracted from the McGregor BFA database were obtained for 2013, where 244 companies in four sectors, i.e. financial, manufacturing, minerals and services, are analysed using descriptive statistics and simple regression analysis. From the results obtained, to fulfil the second objective, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is built to estimate the technical and scale efficiencies of 231 companies. A hypothesis test was helpful to find that the following determinants can be used as proxies for company size: total assets (including intangible assets); market value of assets; total equity; market capitalisation; revenue; and total cost. The confidence level to which the null-hypothesis is rejected leads to the conclusion that those determinants are on their own suitable proxies that make further investigations into joint determinants unnecessary. Furthermore, the study concluded that the majority of companies are not able to linearly scale their CEO remuneration and company size without changing the remuneration-to-size ratio. Therefore, the conceptual theory of scaling is to a great extent rejected, since only nine of 231 companies in the sample investigated could achieve economies of scale. The paper is organised as follows: Section I provides the gap of missing knowledge in the literature as well as the conceptual framework of the study. The data and methodology are described in Section II, after which the results and a discussion thereof are provided in Section III. The study is finally concluded in Section IV.
Corporate governance: effectiveness of Zimbabwean hard law on blockholders’ protection
Authors: Mashingaidze Sivave
Published: February 2017

The broad objective of this article is to scrutinize the effectiveness of hard law paraphernalia that are there present to protect blockholders of multilateral financial institutions in Zimbabwe. This article focused on descriptive documentary reviews of texts around financial institutions, judicial reports, and Statutory Acts. The study found and revealed that hard laws and regulations yes exist to protect blockholders but the challenge, however, was guaranteeing their enforcement making hard law highly unproductive therefore killing investor confidence in Zimbabwe. The results are quintessential for law enforcement agents, regulators of banks and mangers as they need to craft a quality effective management framework on the protection of blockholders’ equity which will attract foreign direct investment and that will promote the country’s economic development.
Divestitures and shareholder wealth in the long-run – the South African case
Authors: Nichols Emily , Rosenberg Andrew , Majoni Akios , Mukanjari Samson
Published: February 2017

This study examines the impact of divestitures (spin offs and sell offs) on shareholder wealth for the parent firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period 1995-2011. The study also makes a comparison of the wealth created by spin offs versus sells offs. We found significantly negative cumulative abnormal returns over the 250 and 500 days respectively, post-announcement date. This result persisted for the whole sample and for the two subsamples of spin offs and sell offs even after running the test excluding the data during and after the financial crisis of 2008. The results suggest that, in general, divestitures in South Africa destroy shareholder value in the long run and sell offs are a better choice of divestitures compared to spin offsю
Real exchange rate and economic growth dynamics in three Eastern African countries: an exploratory review
Authors: Iyke Bernard N , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: February 2017

This paper provides an overview of the dynamics of real exchange rate and economic growth in three Eastern African countries since 1960. In particular, the paper investigates the nature of exchange rate regimes and the impact that they have on economic growth, as well as the movement of real exchange rates and real GDP from 1970—2010 in these countries. The common trends identified were as follows: These countries pursued fixed exchange regimes from the 1960s until the late 1980s and early 1990s, which repressed their economic growth; the countries pursued floating and managed floating regimes from the 1990s to date, resulting in moderate-to-rapid economic growth. We conclude that liberalised exchange rates, which lead to undervalued currencies in these Eastern African countries, are growth-enhancing
Toughness of Indonesian banking sector facing global financial crisis 2008: Tests on welfare of shareholders
Authors: Lindrianasari Lindrianasari , Zubaid Indra Ahmad
Published: February 2017

This study aims to investigate the impact of the global crisis on the financial performance of banks in Indonesia. The study will also look at the impact of the crisis on the welfare of stakeholders in the form of dividend payments to shareholders. The initial assumption that we have built for this condition and for the explanation in the previous paragraph is that there is a difference between the payment of dividends to shareholders before and after the period of the global crisis. Proof of this assumption is also at the same time can give an answer to the resilience of the Indonesian economy during the global crisis. By using all populations banking companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, this study compared the financial performance of the company before and after the next global crisis with its impact on the payment of dividends. This study shows that there is a significant decline in its net profit after the global crisis. But there is not enough result to support second hypotheses about decrease of share prices as an excessive market sentiment surrounding global crises. It looks at the stock price actually rose after the global crisis. Other conditions have been found in this study is that there is an increase dividends given to shareholders after the crisis. These findings shows that the banking sector in Indonesia has a fairly strong resilience in the face of the global crisis in 2008. This condition may occur due to the success of fiscal regulation of Indonesia Bank to save Indonesian economy.
Director remuneration, family ownership and firm performance: An analysis from Malaysian listed firm for period of 2005 till 2013
Authors: Razak Nazrul Hisyam Ab , Palahuddin Salmi Huwaina
Published: February 2017

This study examines the association between directors’ remuneration, corporate governance structures and firm performance of 140 Malaysian listed firms which 70 firms are family firm and 70 firms are non-family. Data has been collected through annual reports in Bursa Malaysia’s database from 2005 till 2013. The results show that firm performance is positively and significantly related to directors’ remuneration, firm’s growth and size measured by ROA, ROE and Tobin’s Q. However, firms’ performance in this study is not responsive to anticipated future market valuations in Stock returns. The study also finds that family ownership leads to lower performance than non-family owned firms on accounting measurement (ROA and ROE) and market measurement (Tobin’s Q ) after controlling company specific characteristics. The findings also reveal that role duality has no significant effect on accounting and market performance. Meanwhile the study explores that firm performance is negatively and significantly related to leverage. The findings can be useful to regulators to limit director’s influence over remuneration packages especially in family firm. The study also contributes to the growing literature on executive and directors’ remuneration and it provides international evidence on the effects of corporate governance reforms in recent years in influencing boardroom remuneration and ownership structure on a firm’s efficiency and performance.
Self-control through board control: formalized governance in controlling owner family businesses
Authors: Baumann Matthias , Stubner Stephan
Published: February 2017

Our study examines the role of board control tasks in mitigating self-control problems in controlling owner family businesses. We challenge the common perception that controlling owners do not require and use board control because of the concentration of ownership and management in a single individual. We argue that self-control problems, that is agency problems with oneself, have often been overlooked by existing studies on the relevance of control tasks. By using a multiple case study design, we demonstrate that controlling owners frequently use board control as a self-governing mechanism and develop several propositions on favorable board processes and compositions. Rather than independence, we propose that controlling owners should select their board members based on trust and expertise. Moreover, we propose that probing and challenging behavior by board members in combination with the controlling owner’s willingness to prepare in a formalized manner support the reduction of self-control problems.