bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of symptom in patients with hepatic cirrhosis of different etiologies
Authors: Guan Xin , Xing Fei , Wang Mengchun , Li Yan
Published: May 2020

Backgrounds: The complications of hepatic cirrhosis are responsible for death and hospitalization. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics in cirrhotic symptom according to etiology.Methods: A total of 1,573 admissions of decompensated hepatic cirrhosis in the hospital were enrolled between September 2014 and August 2019. We described the relationships between major symptoms and cirrhotic etiologies. We assessed the secondary hepatic encephalopathy for each cirrhotic etiology.Results: Among all complications, the constituent ratio of gastrointestinal hemorrhage was 37.87%, followed by ascites and jaundice with 23.70% and 11.40%, respectively. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage was more presented in hepatitis B and hepatitis C than in alcoholic cirrhosis (57.59%, 47.86% and 42.19%, p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between hepatitis B and hepatitis C for all symptoms. Jaundice was the major symptom in primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhotic patients had a higher rate to develop secondary encephalopathy than other etiologies (13.51%, p < 0.05).Conclusions: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage was the main symptom for hospitalization in decompensated cirrhotic patients. Patients of hepatitis cirrhosis were more likely to have gastrointestinal hemorrhage than those of alcohol cirrhosis. Patients of alcohol cirrhosis were likely to develop a secondary encephalopathy following the presentation of other symptoms.
Dose- and time-dependent effects of hyaluronidase on structural cells and the extracellular matrix of the skin
Authors: Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Schrumpf Holger , Gorges Katharina , Reiners Oliver , Boelke Edwin , Fischer Jens W , Homey Bernhard , Gerber Peter Arne
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDHyaluronic acid (hyaluronan; HA) is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the skin. The HA-degrading enzyme hyaluronidase (HYAL) is critically involved in the HA-metabolism. Yet, only little information is available regarding the skin´s HA-HYAL interactions on the molecular and cellular levels.To analyze the dose- and time-dependent molecular and cellular effects of HYAL on structural cells and the HA-metabolism in the skin.METHODSChip-based, genome-wide expression analyses (Affymetrix® GeneChip PrimeView™ Human Gene Expression Array), quantitative real-time PCR analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (DAB), and in vitro wound healing assays were performed to assess dose-dependent and time-kinetic effects of HA and HYAL (bovine hyaluronidase, Hylase Dessau) on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), primary human keratinocytes in vitro and human skin samples ex vivo.RESULTSGenome-wide expression analyses revealed an upregulation of HA synthases (HAS) up to 1.8-fold change in HA- and HYAL-treated NHDF. HA and HYAL significantly accelerated wound closure in an in vitro model for cutaneous wound healing. HYAL induced HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA gene expression in NHDF. Interestingly, low concentrations of HYAL (0.015 U/ml) resulted in a significantly higher induction of HAS compared to moderate (0.15 and 1.5 U/ml) and high concentrations (15 U/ml) of HYAL. This observation corresponded to increased concentrations of HA measured by ELISA in conditioned supernatants of HYAL-treated NHDF with the highest concentrations observed for 0.015 U/ml of HYAL. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of human skin samples incubated with HYAL for up to 48 hrs ex vivo demonstrated that low concentrations of HYAL (0.015 U/ml) led to a pronounced accumulation of HA, whereas high concentrations of HYAL (15 U/ml) reduced dermal HA-levels.CONCLUSIONSHYAL is a bioactive enzyme that exerts multiple effects on the HA-metabolism as well as on the structural cells of the skin. Our results indicate that HYAL promotes wound healing and exerts a dose-dependent induction of HA-synthesis in structural cells of the skin. Herein, interestingly the most significant induction of HAS and HA were observed for the lowest concentration of HYAL.
Transcriptional Profiles in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Injured Murine Kidneys Synergistically Protected by Erythropoietin Derived Peptide CHBP and Caspase-3 siRNA
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Weiwei , Zhang Yufang , Liu Aifen , Yang Cheng , Wang Hui , Zhu Tongyu , Fan Yaping , Yang Bin
Published: May 2020

Background: Target-specific treatment is not available for acute kidney injury (AKI). A novel erythropoietin-derived cyclic helix B surface peptide (CHBP) protects kidneys against AKI subjected to different causes. Herein, we investigated the transcriptional profile of renoprotection induced by CHBP and its potential synergistic effects with caspase-3 siRNA (CASP3siRNA) on ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury associated AKI. Methods: A mouse renal IR model was established by clamping bilateral pedicles for 30 min and reperfusion for 48 h. 0.03 mg/kg of CASP3siRNA/negative control (NCsiRNA) was injected via tail vein 2 h pre-surgery, with/without 24 nmol/kg of CHBP administered to peritoneal cavity at 15 min post reperfusion. The transcriptomic profile in kidneys was assessed by affymetrix gene chips, along with renal function, histology, active caspase-3 and HMGB1.Results: CHBP or CASP3siRNA significantly improved renal function and structure, with decreased caspase-3 and HMGB1 in IR kidneys. Combined treatment of CHBP and CASP3siRNA further preserved kidney structure, and reduced active caspase-3 and HMGB1. Furthermore, fold change > 1.414 and P < 0.05 were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In IR kidneys, 281 DEGs induced by CHBP were mainly involved in promoting cell division and improving cellular function and metabolism (up-regulated STAT5B and SLC22A7). The additional administration of CASP3siRNA caused 504 and 418 DEGs in IR + CHBP kidneys with or without NCsiRNA, with 37 genes in common. These DEGs were associated with modulated apoptosis and inflammation (up-regulated BCL6，SLPI and SERPINA3M), and immunity, injury and microvascular homeostasis (up-regulated CFH and GREM1, and down-regulated ANGPTL2). Conclusions: This proof-of-effect study indicated that the synergistic renoprotection of CHBP and CASP3siRNA at the early stage of IR-induced AKI. Underlying genes, BCL6, SLPI, SERPINA3M, GREM1 and ANGPTL2, might be potential new biomarkers for clinical applications.
Multi-factorial Barriers and Facilitators to High Adherence to Lung Protective Ventilation Using a Computerized Protocol: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Knighton Andrew J , Kean Jacob , Wolfe Doug , Allen Lauren , Jacobs Jason , Carpenter Lori , Winberg Carrie , Berry Jay G , Peltan Ithan , Grissom Colin K , Srivast Raj
Published: May 2020

Background
Lung-protective ventilation (LPV) improves outcomes for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through administration of low tidal volumes (≤ 6.5 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) with co-titration of positive end-expiratory pressure and fraction of inspired oxygen. Many patients with ARDS, however, are not managed with LPV. The purpose of this study was to understand implementation barriers and facilitators to the use of LPV and a computerized LPV clinical decision support (CDS) tool in intensive care units (ICUs) in preparation for a pilot hybrid implementation-effectiveness clinical trial.
Methods
We performed an explanatory sequential mixed methods study from June 2018 – March 2019 to evaluate variation in LPV adherence across 17 ICUs in an integrated healthcare system with > 4,000 mechanically-ventilated patients annually. We analyzed 47 key informant interviews of ICU physicians, respiratory therapists (RTs) and nurses in 3 of the ICUs using a qualitative content analysis paradigm to investigate site variation as defined by adherence level (low, medium, high) and identify barriers and facilitators to LPV and LPV CDS tool use.
Results
Forty-two percent of patients had an initial set tidal volume ≤ 6.5 ml/kg PBW during the measurement period (site range: 21–80%). LPV CDS tool use was 28% (site range: 6%-91%). This study’s main findings revealed multi-factorial facilitators and barriers to use that varied by ICU site adherence level. The primary facilitator was that LPV and the LPV CDS tool could be used on all mechanically-ventilated patients. Barriers included a persistent gap between clinician attitudes regarding the use of LPV and actual use; the perceived loss of autonomy associated with using a computerized protocol; the nature of physician-RT interaction in ventilation management; and the lack of clear organization measures of success.
Conclusions
Variation in adherence to LPV persists in ICUs within a healthcare delivery system that was an early adopter of LPV. Strategies to increase adherence to LPV for ARDS patients should include initiating low tidal ventilation on all mechanically ventilated patients, establishing and measuring adherence measures, and focused education addressing the physician-RT interaction. These strategies represent a blueprint for a future hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial.
Why do pregnant women prefer cesarean delivery?: a qualitative study in a tertiary care center in Southern Thailand
Authors: Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Chunuan Sopen , Matemanosak Phawat , Pinjaroen Sutham
Published: May 2020

Background
The increasing worldwide rate of cesarean sections is of global concern, and in recent years, cesarean deliveries upon maternal request have become both an interesting and debated issue. Hence, this study aimed to explore the maternal reasons for cesarean preference without medical indications.
Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted, using an in-depth interview, with 27 pregnant women, attending antenatal care at Songklanagarind Hospital from September, 2018 to June, 2019, who preferred cesarean delivery. Data were analyzed using content analysis.
Results
Maternal reasons for cesarean preference were classified into 6 main categories including: fear of childbirth, safety concerns related to health risk perception, negative birth experience, a positive attitude toward cesarean delivery, access to biased information resources and superstitious belief in auspicious birth dates. Most women had more than one reason for choosing cesarean delivery.
Conclusion
Several reasons for cesarean delivery preference emerging from pregnant women have been elucidated. One striking reason was a superstitious belief in auspicious birth dates, which was challengeable for an obstetrician to approach. Obstetricians should explore the exact reasons why women request cesarean delivery, so as to prevent or diminish unnecessary cesarean sections.
Establishment of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system to Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Li Haiyan , Zhao Yuzhu , Zong Peixuan , Zhan Zongxiang , Piao Zhongyun
Published: May 2020

Background: Chinese cabbage, belonging to Brassica rapa species, is an important vegetable in Eastern Asia. It is well known that Chinese cabbage is quite recalcitrant to genetic transformation and the transgenic frequency is generally low. The lack of an efficient and stable genetic transformation system for Chinese cabbage has largely limited related gene functional studies.Results: In this study, we firstly developed a regeneration system for Chinese cabbage by optimizing numerous factors, with 93.50% regeneration rate. Based on this, a simple and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method was established, without a pre-culture procedure and concentration adjustment of hormone and AgNO3 in co-cultivation and selection media. Using this system, transformants could be obtained within 3.5 to 4.0 months. Average transformation frequency is up to 10.83%. Furthermore, using this transformation system, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was successfully applied in Chinese cabbage by knocking out a self-incompatibility-related gene SRK. Gene sequencing analysis in the positive transgenic lines revealed various mutations, including deletions, insertions, and substitutions. Conclusion: A simple, stable and efficient genetic transformation method was established for Chinese cabbage and successfully applied to the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results of this study pave the way for further gene functional studies and genome editing in Chinese cabbage.
Activation and enhancement of Caerulomycin A biosynthesis in marine-derived Actinoalloteichus sp. AHMU CJ021 by combinatorial genome mining strategies
Authors: Xie Yunchang , Chen Jiawen , Wang Bo , Chen Tai , Chen Junyu , Zhang Yuan , Liu Xiaoying , Chen Qi
Published: May 2020

Backgrounds: Activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in marine-derived actinomycete strains is a feasible strategy to discover bioactive natural products. Actinoalloteichus sp. AHMU CJ021, isolated from the seashore, was shown to contain an intact but silent caerulomycin A (CRM A) BGC-cam in its genome. Thus, a genome mining work was preformed to activate the strain’s bioproduction of CRM A, an immunosuppressive drug lead with diverse bioactivities.Results: To well activate the expression of cam, ribosomal engineering was adopted to treat the wild type Actinoalloteichus sp. AHMU CJ021. The initial mutant strain XC-11G with gentamycin resistance and CRM A bioproduction titer of 42.51 ± 4.22 mg/L was selected from all generated mutant strains by gene expression comparison of the essential biosynthetic gene-camE. The titer of CRM A bioproduction was then improved by two strain breeding methods via UV mutagenesis and cofactor engineering-directed increasing of intracellular riboflavin, which finally generated the optimal mutant strain XC-11GUR with a CRM A bioproduction titer of 113.91 ± 7.58 mg/L. Subsequently, this titer of strain XC-11GUR was improved to 618.61 ± 16.29 mg/L through medium optimization together with further adjustment derived from response surface methodology. In terms of this 14.7 folds increase in the titer of CRM A compared to the initial value, strain XC-GUR could be a well alternative strain for CRM A development.Conclusions: Our results have constructed an ideal CRM A producer. More importantly, our efforts also have demonstrated the effectiveness of abovementioned combinatorial strategies, which is applicable to the genome mining of bioactive natural products from abundant actinomycetes strains.
Memantine ameliorates motor impairments and pathologies in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Authors: Yick Leung-Wah , Tang Chi-Ho , Ma Oscar Ka-Fai , Kwan Jason Shing-Cheong , CHAN Koon Ho
Published: May 2020

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases characterized by recurrent episodes of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) autoantibodies, which target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on astrocytic membrane, are pathogenic in NMOSD. Glutamate excitotoxicity, which is triggered by internalization of AQP4-glutamate transporter complex after AQP4-IgG binding to astrocytes, is involved in early NMOSD pathophysiologies. We studied the effects of memantine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on motor impairments and spinal cord pathologies in mice which received human AQP4-IgG. Methods: Purified IgG from AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD patients were passively transferred to adult C57BL/6 mice with disrupted blood-brain barrier. Memantine was administered by oral gavage. Motor impairments of the mice were assessed by beam walking test. Spinal cords of the mice were assessed by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Results: Oral administration of memantine ameliorated the motor impairments induced by AQP4-IgG, no matter the treatment was initiated before (preventive) or after (therapeutic) disease flare. Memantine profoundly reduced AQP4 and astrocyte loss, and attenuated demyelination and axonal loss in the spinal cord of mice which had received AQP4-IgG. The protective effects of memantine were associated with inhibition of apoptosis and suppression of neuroinflammation, with decrease in microglia activation and neutrophil infiltration and reduction of increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). In addition, memantine elevated growth factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the spinal cord. Conclusions: Our findings support that glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation plays important roles in complement-independent pathophysiology during early development of NMOSD lesions, and highlight the potential of oral memantine as a therapeutic agent in NMOSD acute attacks.
Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index for Spinal Cord Injury: to adapt in local language
Authors: Divyalasya TVS , Kumar A Kiran , Bhat NR Sahana , Jahnavi M , Jena Ranjan Kumar , Lakhan Ram , Subrahmanyam B. V. , Agrawal Amit
Published: May 2020

Objective

To translate and culturally adapt Telugu version of Quality of Life tool among Spinal Cord Injury patients.

Method

It’s a prospective cross sectional study conducted at tertiary neuro centre care hospital. The English version was translated into Telugu by two expert medical professionals and cross checked by three experts in Telugu vocabulary. Nursing students who had good proficiency in reading and writing in English and Telugu languages were chosen for checking tool reliability. Initially English language was administered on satisfaction domain followed by importance domain with one month apart. After two months Telugu version was administered in same way as English version. The reliability analysis was done.

Results

The tool was administered on 50 nursing students. The Cronbach’s alpha for satisfaction domain was 0.97 and importance domain was 0.91, indicating excellent reliability.

Conclusion

The Telugu version of QOL tool had excellent reliability. Therefore it can be administered in Telugu language for evaluating the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury.
Applying HT-NGH Algorithm On A Shared Memory Architecture For Time Performance Improvement
Authors: abu-hashem muhannad
Published: May 2020

Background: Sequence comparison and alignment plays an important role in computational biology as they allow for rating the similarities between molecular sequences. Pair-wise alignment contributes significantly in calculating the similarity between sequences by constructing the optimal alignment. The Hash Table-N-Gram-Hirschberg (HT-NGH) algorithm, which is an extension to the Hashing-N-Gram-Hirschberg (HNGH) and N-Gram-Hirschberg (NGH) algorithms, represents a pair-wise alignment method that uses the capabilities of the hash table technique for the purpose of building the alignment. Due to the current technology, molecular databases have exponentially grown to highlight the needs for faster and efficient methods that can handle these amounts of data. On the other hand, the present technology provides a verity of high performance architectures and tools. Results: This paper presents a parallel shared memory algorithm for protein pair-wise alignment method, namely, the HT-NGH algorithm in order to enhance the time performance of sequences’ comparisons and alignments. The proposed parallel algorithm targets the transformation phase of the HT-NGH algorithm since it consumes about 10% of alignment’s executional time. Datasets are decomposed up to sequence level for a more efficient utilization of processing units (no idle processing unit). Conclusions: As a result, the proposed algorithm demonstrates a significant improvement in terms of time performance without sacrificing accuracy. The speed up pertaining to the parallel algorithm reaches 2.08, 2.88, and 3.87 when using 2, 3, and 4 cores, respectively. Furthermore, this algorithm gains high efficiency as it reaches 1.04, 0.96, and 0.97 when using 2, 3, and 4 cores, respectively.
Cardiac MRI utilizing late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping in the detection of radiation induced heart disease
Authors: Ricco Anthony , Slade Alexander , Canada Justin , Grizzard John , Dana Franklin , Gharai Leila Rezai , Neiderer Keith , Vera Armando , Abbate Antonio , Weiss Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose

Radiotherapy has been associated with late dose-dependent cardiovascular toxicity. In this cross-sectional pilot study, radiation dose distributions were correlated with areas of localized and diffuse myocardial fibrosis as measured by novel cardiac MRI (CMR) sequences including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping with the goal to identify early markers of myocardial damage.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-eight patients with chest tumors including lung, breast, esophagus, and lymphoma underwent CMR per study protocol on average 46.4 months (range 1.7-344.5) after radiotherapy. Patients without pretreatment cardiac history were included if the volume of heart receiving 5 Gy or more was at least 10% (V5Gy≥10%). The association of LGE with cardiac dosimetric factors, clinical factors (e.g., tumor type, smoking history, BMI), , and T1 values was analyzed.

Results

Cardiac maximum (Dmax) and mean dose (Dmean) equivalent to doses delivered in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) were on average 50.9 Gy (range 6.2-108.0) and 8.2 Gy (range 1.0-35.7), respectively, compared to 60.8 Gy (40.8-108.0) and 6.8 Gy (1.8-21.8) among the 9 patients with LGE. Doses were not different between patients with and without LGE (p=0.16 and 0.56, respectively). The average T1 value of the left ventricle myocardium was 1009 ms (range 933-1117). No significant correlation was seen for heart Dmax and Dmean and T1 values (p=0.14 and 0.58, respectively). In addition, no significant association between clinical factors and the development of LGE was identified.

Conclusions

No relation between cardiac doses, the presence of LGE or T1 values was observed. Further study is needed to determine the benefit of CMR for detecting radiotherapy-related myocardial fibrosis.
Data Science in Economics
Authors: Nosratabadi Saeed , Mosavi Amir , Duan Puhong , Ghamisi Pedram , Filip Ferdinand
Published: May 2020

This paper provides the state of the art of data science in economics. Through a novel taxonomy of applications and methods advances in data science are investigated. The novel data science methods and applications are investigated in four individual classes of deep learning models, hybrid deep learning models, hybrid machine learning, and ensemble models. Application domains include a wide range of economics research, from stock market, marketing, E-commerce, to corporate banking, and cryptocurrency. Prisma method, a systematic literature review methodology is used to ensure the quality of the survey. The findings revealed that the trends are on the advancement of hybrid models. On the other hand, based on the accuracy metric it is also reported that the hybrid models outperform other learning algorithms. It is further expected that the trends would go toward the advancements of sophisticated hybrid deep learning models.
Comparative outcomes of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 with mild to moderate severity.
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Soon Ok , Heo Jeonghun , Kim Dong Wan , Park Mi Ran , Son Hyunjin , Kim Dongkeun , Kim Kye-Hyung , Lee Shinwon , Lee Sun Hee
Published: May 2020

Background: Lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine are both being used to treat COVID-19, but their relative effectiveness is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients treated for COVID-19 with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at 2 hospitals in Busan, South Korea, that treated approximately 90% of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Busan during the study period. All patients aged ≥15 years that were hospitalized with mild-or-moderate COVID-19 received LPV/r or HCQ as their initial treatment and were included in the analysis.Results: Among the 72 patients with mild-to-moderate disease severity on admission, 45 received LPV/r and 27 received HCQ as their initial therapy. A higher proportion of the LPV group had pneumonia on admission (LPV 49% vs. HCQ 15%), but there were no other significant differences in the demographic or clinical characteristics between groups.Switching therapy due to clinical failure was significantly more common in the HCQ group than in the LPV/r group (41% [11/27] and 2% [1/45], respectively, P=0.001). Disease progression was also significantly more common in the HCQ group than in the LPV/r group (44% [12/27] and 18% [8/45], respectively, P=0.030).Conclusions: LPV/r appears to be more effective than HCQ at preventing progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19.
A JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA COMO ALTERNATIVA À CULTURA DO ENCARCERAMENTO EM MASSA NO BRASIL
Authors: WASQUES Vitória Gabriella , GASPAROTO Carlos Henrique
Published: May 2020

A presente pesquisa tem por escopo apresentar a Justiça Restaurativa como alternativa à cultura do encarceramento em massa latente no Brasil, tendo em vista a grave crise do sistema prisional que assola toda a sociedade. Para tanto, faz-se uma análise da atual população carcerária, apontando possíveis causas de referida decadência, bem como um estudo do conceito de justiça restaurativa, tecendo considerações sobre os principais aspectos que envolvem sua aplicação no País. Os métodos utilizados para a abordagem foram o descritivo e o explicativo, uma vez que têm a finalidade de descrever e explicar os fenômenos ligados ao procedimento restaurativo, desenvolvendo-se com base na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O conteúdo da presente pesquisa constata que a Justiça Restaurativa é uma alternativa perfeitamente viável ao modelo retributivo atualmente aplicado no Brasil, sendo, inclusive, compatível com o ordenamento jurídico. Alguns estados brasileiros têm utilizado as práticas restaurativas para resolução de conflitos de pequeno e médio potencial ofensivo, apresentando como resultados expressivos desse método o desencarceramento, quando permitido por lei, a maior ressocialização dos indivíduos, diminuindo os casos em que os mesmos voltam a delinquir, bem como a redução da violência, sobretudo dentro dos presídios. A proposta é pensar no futuro e na restauração dos relacionamentos, e não somente concentrar-se no passado, na culpa e em retribuir o mal causado, construindo um corpo social mais justo e humano.
JUSTIÇA DE TRANSIÇÃO NO BRASIL: O DIREITO À MEMÓRIA E À VERDADE E AS IMPLICAÇÕES JURÍDICAS DA LEI DE ANISTIA
Authors: FIGUEIREDO Maria Laura Silva de , GOMES Fábio Cantizani
Published: May 2020

O intuito final do presente trabalho é averiguar as implicações jurídicas da Lei de Anistia, que deu início ao processo brasileiro de transição. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, cuja contribuição para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi imprescindível, bem como a pesquisa documental. Dentre diversos temas, ao longo da análise é ressaltada a importância do julgamento da ADPF 153 e o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal como legitimador de uma transição baseada no esquecimento. Com a pesquisa, foi possível concluir que os resquícios do autoritarismo do período da ditadura civil-militar brasileira ainda se fazem presentes no cotidiano da sociedade brasileira.
Optimization of labor cost standards in IT companies
Authors: Pererva Ivanna
Published: May 2020

The article systematizes and analyzes the list of resources for IT companies. A causality diagram between model variables by the software product complexity was built on the basis of dependencies between the time and the number of specialists involved in the development of software products, as well as company performance indicators. The nature of causal relationships between the model variables in terms of the software product labor intensity is presented. Using the VenSim simulation system, a simulation model for determining optimal labor standards for IT companies was built. The results of evaluating the adequacy of the model for determining optimal labor standards are presented. The optimal labor standards by labor intensity levels are determined, at which the efficiency of using the technical, technological, information, labor, and financial resources of the company increases and the profitability of activities for IT companies is maximized. A methodological approach has been presented, which outlines the cost standards of innovative labor of IT companies’ specialists. The developed approach is aimed at determining the time and number of an IT company specialists who, due to the impact on the efficiency of using information, technical, labor and financial resources, provide the necessary level of profitability of the IT companies’ activities. The advantages of the developed methodological approach to rationing labor costs in IT companies are presented.
Psychological and Pedagogical Support of High School Students Prior to Their University Admission
Authors: Klimenkova Aliona Igorevna
Published: May 2020

Psychological and pedagogical support of high school students before entering the University
Application of 32Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient
Authors: Patel Jalpa , Mori Dhaval
Published: May 2020

Background:

Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid.

Objective:

The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique.

Methods:

The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, tensile strength and Kuno’s constant were selected as response variables.

Result:

The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility.

Conclusion:

The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.
Targeted Delivery of Colloidal Silver for MCF-7 Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Rajawat Shweta , Malik Manzar M.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Amongst various cancer diseases, breast cancer is frequently diagnosed malignancy in women. Existing treatments are inadequate, painful and toxic. New ways of treatments need to be explored.

Methods:

The present work proposes preparation and targeted delivery of a formulation, F-1, for MCF-7 breast cancer treatment. The formulation, colloidal silver (0.76 ppm), was prepared by electrolytic deposition technique and multi surface coatings. Black tea extract (2.25%v/v) was used as a capping agent to tune the morphology of silver nanoparticle and potato extract (6.25%v/v) as a functionalizing agent for targeting MCF-7 breast cancer site.

Results:

Characterization results show highly pure spherical silver nanoparticles with an average particle size of 15nm. The shift of peaks in the FTIR spectra of formulation confirms the interaction between nanoparticles and extracts. The UV-visible peak was obtained at 525nm, a typical characteristic of silver nanoparticles.In-vivoanti-cancer study of formulation gave a moderate therapeutic effect in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (NOD-SCID) mice.

Conclusion:

It is observed that tumor volumes obtained in the case of Formulation-1 were moderately inhibited from days 5 to 9. However, one of the mice in the Formulation-1 group inhibited tumor volume to 1.52 cc similar to one of the mice of positive control group (Adriamycin 1.42cc).
Influencia de los aditivos orgánicos naturales en la resistencia a la cristalización de sales en morteros tradicionales de cal con distinto árido. Análisis del caso: sitio arqueológico La Blanca, Petén, Guatemala
Authors: Lorenzo Mora Francisca , Carrascosa Moliner Begoña
Published: May 2020

La Blanca es un asentamiento maya del periodo Clásico Terminal, el cual se ubica en la selva del Petén guatemalteco. En las imponentes estancias que componen su acrópolis, se han hallado gran parte de los estucos que sirvieron de revestimiento interior, incluso con huellas de color. Desde que estas estancias fueron excavadas, los estucos se han visto afectados por el agua que asciende por capilaridad y la cristalización de sales, tanto en la superficie como en el soporte pétreo, que han causado graves patologías, como laminaciones y la desintegración del material. Por ello, se están realizando estudios de laboratorio con distintos morteros de cal que pueden ser empleados en la restauración con total garantía. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados comparativos de estabilidad frente a los ciclos de cristalización de sales de dos tipos de morteros tradicionales de cal, y se evalúa la influencia que los aditivos orgánicos suponen en la mejora de la resistencia.
Un análisis crítico del proceso de intervención del Hospicio Ruiz Dávila
Authors: Garro Aponte Rolando
Published: May 2020

El proceso de intervención del Hospicio Ruiz Dávila, edificio decimonónico ubicado en el Centro Histórico de Lima, fue llevado a cabo entre los años 2010 y 2012. Asimismo, las obras concluidas fueron inauguradas en junio de este último año. En el desarrollo de los trabajos, se dieron una serie de etapas como el acondicionamiento de los ambientes, el desmontaje de algunas estructuras, los trabajos constructivos, los trabajos complementarios, el seguimiento, la documentación de la obra y, finalmente, su inauguración. Todo ello fue realizado no por obra de una sola persona, sino por un grupo nutrido de profesionales con diversas habilidades y amplia trayectoria, cuya labor conjunta se puede apreciar el día de hoy. El producto final ha tenido, sin embargo, tanto sus críticos como sus defensores. En el primer grupo, se hallan sobre todo estudiantes universitarios y algunas autoridades del sector cultura; la razón de su discrepancia es el nuevo uso y la introducción de materiales modernos. En el ala opuesta, está la comunidad de arquitectos, cuya aprobación se hizo claramente manifiesta con la entrega oficial de algunos premios a quienes estuvieron al frente de la intervención.
Potencialidades de la Iglesia Huamán como elemento estructurador del fortalecimiento de la identidad local
Authors: Cabada Acevedo Daniela , Diestra Castillo Carlos , Huacacolque Sánchez Lucia , Ramírez Llorca Julio
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se analizan las potencialidades que posee la iglesia de Huamán como elemento estructurador de la identidad local, puesto que mediante la apropiación social del patrimonio una pluralidad de individuos se reconoce como perteneciente a un mismo pueblo y territorio. Así, se fortalece la identidad y se genera un sentido de pertenencia; por tanto, la apropiación social del patrimonio también puede ser entendida como el fundamento que permite construir la unidad en la diversidad y, por ende, el generador de nuevas identidades. El 89,8 % de la población considera que la iglesia de Huamán presenta una suma de potencialidades, tanto históricas como patrimoniales y arquitectónicas, que le permiten convertirse en un eje estructurador de la identidad local y la memoria colectiva del distrito. Esta iglesia congrega muchas personas, no solo por la parte religiosa, sino por la diversidad de actividades que allí se producen; estas potencialidades hacen que la misma sea un elemento dinámico y catalizador de la identidad local del distrito. De esta manera, la identidad es el viejo territorio del patrimonio. Entre los objetivos reconocidos por la mayor parte de actuaciones patrimoniales que se realizan en estos ámbitos, está la construcción de las identidades locales como la autodefinición de un nosotros.
Campus universitario y patrimonio prehispánico. Dibujando los imaginarios patrimoniales de las huacas de la UNI
Authors: Ausejo Calmet Luciana
Published: May 2020

El tema del patrimonio prehispánico siempre ha estado ligado con la ciudad y sus relaciones físicas e históricas; sin embargo, las implicancias sociales no se manifiestan abiertamente en textos de carácter científico. El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender la mirada de los sujetos sobre el patrimonio prehispánico que tiene el campus de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Esta investigación se centra no solo experiencias propias, sino también en las reflexiones sobre los demás campus universitarios que tienen patrimonio prehispánico en Lima, y cuál es el impacto de esto en sus dinámicas sociales, culturales y educativas, y así plantear la posibilidad de incluir al patrimonio como una pieza clave dentro de la nueva visión de universidad y aprendizaje.
Una introducción a la historia de la arquitectura
Authors: Perales Munguía Manuel
Published: May 2020

Muchas veces, la historia de la arquitectura se concibe en la forma de una mera sucesión cronológica de acontecimientos y obras referentes, por lo que su enseñanza resulta poco atractiva a estudiantes e incluso docentes, quienes suelen ver poca o ninguna utilidad en dedicarle horas de esfuerzo a su análisis. Se trata, sin duda, de un problema bastante extendido y recurrente.
Regeneración Urbana Integral desde el componente socio-cultural del Patrimonio Militar; el caso del Fuerte General de División Rafael Hoyos Rubio en el Rímac desde sus actores locales
Authors: Balarezo Alberca Giovanna María
Published: May 2020

En los últimos años, debido al crecimiento improvisado de la ciudad, los predios militares históricos en la ciudad de Lima han experimentado cambios con el paulatino recorte de sus funciones y actividades. Al reducirse la infraestructura militar, y dejar sin uso considerables extensiones de suelo inmersos en la trama urbana, ineluctablemente se fomentan los intereses inmobiliarios del sector privado. Estos cambios se han dado sin un análisis previo de la importancia y valor patrimonial que significan los predios militares para la ciudad. La presente investigación analiza el caso del Fuerte General de División Rafael Hoyos Rubio en el distrito del Rímac y nos sirve para comprender la importancia de los patrimonios militares en el proceso de regeneración urbana integral desde una perspectiva social y cultural. Además, contribuye a identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de estos enclaves urbanos, formular metas a corto, mediano y largo plazo para lograr su integración a la ciudad, promueve la interacción del gobierno local con su población en la búqueda de solución a sus necesidades, lo cual significa un empoderamiento del ciudadano al participar activamente en los procesos de cambio.
Graziano Gasparini
Authors: Samanez Argumedo Roberto
Published: May 2020

A fines del año 2019 dejó de existir en Caracas, a los 95 años de edad, el arquitecto Graziano Gasparini, destacado y controversial investigador de la historia de la arquitectura americana, profesor universitario e incansable defensor del patrimonio cultural, no solo de Venezuela, su patria adoptiva, sino de toda América. Nacido en el norte de Italia en 1924, hizo sus estudios universitarios en la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Venecia, graduándose como Arquitecto en 1948, a los 24 años de edad.
Gestión cultural y patrimonio edificado en un contexto urbano. Estudio de caso: “Sitio arqueológico Huaca Huantille”. Lima-Perú (1982-2012)
Authors: Centurión Cancino Evelyn
Published: May 2020

Por muchas décadas, los sitios arqueológicos del entorno urbano de Lima han sufrido constantemente ocupación ilegal, alteración, depredación, excavaciones ilícitas, entre otros estropicios cometidos contra una parte de nuestra memoria histórica que es fundamento vital para la identidad cultural de la ciudadanía peruana. Precisamente, el presente artículo está referido a uno de estos casos, al estudio desarrollado en Huaca Huantille, sitio arqueológico ubicado en el distrito de Magdalena del Mar, donde se han realizado denodados esfuerzos en pro de su recuperación, investigación y conservación como patrimonio cultural en un entorno urbano y que ahora nos plantea la urgencia de una nueva propuesta de gestión para lograr su revaloración cultural y puesta en valor definitiva.
Patrimonio histórico y tugurios. Políticas habitacionales y de recuperación de los centros históricos de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de México y Quito
Authors: Lopez Javier Sharo
Published: May 2020

Los centros históricos de Latinoamérica son espacios urbanos que han sido construidos en el tiempo, tanto por la reproducción social, como por políticas, programas y proyectos de conservación y recuperación urbana. Es así como, a finales del siglo XX, se generó una gama de propuestas para la recuperación y revalorización de estos espacios buscando revertir los procesos de deterioro y los índices de despoblamiento. Para ello los gobiernos nacionales y municipales propusieron un conjunto de medidas urbanas como la remoción del comercio ambulatorio, la restauración de monumentos y el remozamiento de fachadas.
Undercover. 4000 Years of Architecture and Urban Planning in an Unexpected Place: Lima
Authors: Becerril Cotera Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Undercover es una breve publicación sobre la participación peruana en la decimosexta Bienal Internacional de Arquitectura de Venecia del año 2018. En aquella edición tuvimos como re- presentantes al equipo conformado por Marianela Castro De La Borda, Javier Li- zarzaburu y Janeth Boza, el cual resultó ganador con la propuesta “En reserva”.
A multiphase multiscale model for nutrient-limited tissue growth, Part II: a simplified description
Authors: Holden Elizabeth C. , Chapman S. Jonathan , Brook Bindi S. , O'Dea Reuben D.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we revisit our previous work in which we derive an effective macroscale description suitable to describe the growth of biological tissue within a porous tissue-engineering scaffold. The underlying tissue dynamics is described as a multiphase mixture, thereby naturally accommodating features such as interstitial growth and active cell motion. Via a linearization of the underlying multiphase model (whose nonlinearity poses a significant challenge for such analyses), we obtain, by means of multiple-scale homogenization, a simplified macroscale model that nevertheless retains explicit dependence on both the microscale scaffold structure and the tissue dynamics, via so-called unit-cell problems that provide permeability tensors to parameterize the macroscale description. In our previous work, the cell problems retain macroscale dependence, posing significant challenges for computational implementation of the eventual macroscopic model; here, we obtain a decoupled system whereby the quasi-steady cell problems may be solved separately from the macroscale description. Moreover, we indicate how the formulation is influenced by a set of alternative microscale boundary conditions.

doi:10.1017/S1446181119000130
Numerical entropy production as smoothness indicator for shallow water equations
Authors: Mungkasi Sudi , Roberts Stephen Gwyn
Published: May 2020

The numerical entropy production (NEP) for shallow water equations (SWE) is discussed and implemented as a smoothness indicator. We consider SWE in three different dimensions, namely, one-dimensional, one-and-a-half-dimensional, and two-dimensional SWE. An existing numerical entropy scheme is reviewed and an alternative scheme is provided. We prove the properties of these two numerical entropy schemes relating to the entropy steady state and consistency with the entropy equality on smooth regions. Simulation results show that both schemes produce NEP with the same behaviour for detecting discontinuities of solutions and perform similarly as smoothness indicators. An implementation of the NEP for an adaptive numerical method is also demonstrated.

doi:10.1017/S1446181119000154
Relation Of Education, Age, And Parity To The Choice Of Family Planning Methods
Authors: Maryuni Maryuni
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is the fourth largest contributor to the population in the world after China, India and the United States. The 2017 IHDS showed the total fertility rate (TFR) was 2.4 children per woman. One program to reduce population growth rates and TFR is through the Family Planning (KB) program. This study aims to determine the relationship of education, age and parity to the choice of contraceptive methods for long and short-terms in Tanjung Anom Village, Salaman Subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. This research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional method. The data collection was done in October 2015. The study sample was women of childbearing age who used contraception in both long and short terms, as many as 46 people. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data was analyzed by univariate and bivariate. The result of the study showed that there was no significant relationship among education, age and parity towards the choice of both long and non-long contraception methods. The selection of contraceptive method is not only influenced by education, age and parity, but also by Socio-Demographic factors, Socio-Psychological factors, and health services
Factors Associated With Adherence To Iron Supplementation Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Sari Septi Indah Permata
Published: May 2020

In Indonesia, the contribution of anemia towards maternal mortality is estimated to reach 10% up to 20%. The effort of the government to overcome anemia focuses on iron supplementation program since 1974, but the prevalence of anemia in pregnant mother still relatively high. The factor is discompliance in taking medicine. This study aimed to analyse the factors that related to the compliance of pregnant mother in taking the iron tablet at the Tegalrejo Community Health Centers, Yogyakarta. This research used mixed methods by using sequential explanatory strategy. The quantitative sample is taking used consecutive sampling technique, which presented 81 pregnant mothers and intensity sampling for qualitative research presented 13 informants. Based on the result of the analysis, the factors which related to the Compliance of pregnant mother in taking iron tablet were knowledge (p=0,000), husband support (p=0,000) and midwife support (p=0,000). The most significant Exp(B) score was the variable of husband support, which was 15.297. It concluded that pregnant mothers who got support from their husbands would be 15.297 times more significant to obey in taking the iron tablet. Based on the interview of the informants showed that both husband and midwife support in taking an iron tablet. The factors related to the Compliance of pregnant mother in taking the iron tablet at clinic government Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta was knowledge, husband and midwife supports