bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud-Based Platform for Optimal Machining Parameter Selection Based on Function Blocks and Real-Time Monitoring
Authors: Tapoglou Nikolaos , Mehnen Jörn , Vlachou Aikaterini , Doukas Michael , Milas Nikolaos , Mourtzis Dimitris
Published: February 2015

The way machining operations have been running has changed over the years. Nowadays, machine utilization and availability monitoring are becoming increasingly important for the smooth operation of modern workshops. Moreover, the nature of jobs undertaken by manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has shifted from a mass production to small batch. To address the challenges caused by modern fast changing environments, a new cloud-based approach for monitoring the use of manufacturing equipment, dispatching jobs to the selected computer numerical control (CNC) machines, and creating the optimum machining code is presented. In this approach the manufacturing equipment is monitored using a sensor network and though an information fusion technique it derives and broadcasts the data of available tools and machines through the internet to a cloud-based platform. On the manufacturing equipment event driven function blocks with embedded optimization algorithms are responsible for selecting the optimal cutting parameters and generating the moves required for machining the parts while considering the latest information regarding the available machines and cutting tools. A case study based on scenario from a shop floor that undertakes machining jobs is used to demonstrate the developed methods and tools.
Development of a Suspended Backpack for Harvesting Biomechanical Energy
Authors: Xie Longhan , Cai Mingjing
Published: February 2015

In this study, a harvesting device embedded into a suspended backpack was developed to harness part of a human's biomechanical energy and reduce dynamic force of the backpack on the carrier. The harvester utilized a spring mass damping system to translate the human body's vertical movement during walking into the rotation of a gear train, which then drives rotary generators to produce electricity. A prototype was built to examine the theoretical study, which showed that the experimental tests agreed with the simulation. Compared with previous work, the harvester in this work had a 40% higher harvesting energy efficiency.
Definition and Computation of Tensegrity Mechanism Workspace
Authors: Boehler Quentin , Charpentier Isabelle , Vedrines Marc S. , Renaud Pierre
Published: February 2015

Tensegrity mechanisms using linear springs as tensioned elements constitute an interesting class of mechanisms. When considered as manipulators, their workspace remains however to be defined in a generic way. In this article, we introduce a workspace definition and at the same time a computation method, based on the estimation of the workspace boundaries. The method is implemented using a continuation method. As an example, the workspace assessment of a two degrees of freedom (DOF) planar tensegrity mechanism is presented.
Proof-of-Concept Prototype for Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Using Ocular Hemodynamics Under Applied Force
Authors: Ketchem Tyler , Twedt Max , Lim Darrin , Bashford Greg , Hawks Jeff A.
Published: February 2015

Studies have suggested that elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure can have a damaging effect on the optic nerve and visual acuity. There is need for a noninvasive CSF pressure measurement technique. A portable device for noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring would have a significant impact on clinical care. A proof-of-concept prototype is used to test the feasibility of a technique for monitoring ICP changes. The proposed methodology utilizes transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to monitor blood flow through the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries while forces are applied to the cornea by a controlled actuator. Control algorithms for the device were developed and tested using an integrated experimental platform. Preliminary results using tissue-mimicking materials show the ability to differentiate between materials of differing stiffness that simulates different levels of ICP. These experiments are an initial step toward a handheld noninvasive ICP monitoring device.
ToF-SIMS of tissues: “Lessons learned” from mice and women
Authors: Gamble Lara J. , Graham Daniel J. , Bluestein Blake , Whitehead Nicholas P. , Hockenbery David , Morrish Fionnuala , Porter Peggy
Published: February 2015

The ability to image cells and tissues with chemical and molecular specificity could greatly expand our understanding of biological processes. The subcellular resolution mass spectral imaging capability of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has the potential to acquire chemically detailed images. However, the complexities of biological systems combined with the sensitivity of ToF-SIMS require careful planning of experimental methods. Tissue sample preparation methods of formalin fixation followed by paraffin embedding (FFPE) and OCT embedding are compared. Results show that the FFPE can potentially be used as a tissue sample preparation protocol for ToF-SIMS analysis if a cluster ion presputter is used prior to analysis and if nonlipid related tissue features are the features of interest. In contrast, embedding tissue in OCT minimizes contamination and maintains lipid signals. Various data acquisition methodologies and analysis options are discussed and compared using mouse breast and diaphragm muscle tissue. Methodologies for acquiring ToF-SIMS 2D images are highlighted along with applications of multivariate analysis to better identify specific features in a tissue sections when compared to H&E images of serial sections. Identification of tissue features is necessary for researchers to visualize a molecular map that correlates with specific biological features or functions. Finally, lessons learned from sample preparation, data acquisition, and data analysis methods developed using mouse models are applied to a preliminary analysis of human breast tumor tissue sections.
Constitutive model fingerprints in medium-amplitude oscillatory shear
Authors: Bharadwaj N. Ashwin , Ewoldt Randy H.
Published: February 2015

Rheologists have expectations for signatures of linear viscoelastic properties, such as shapes of G′(ω) and G″(ω). Medium amplitude (or asymptotically-nonlinear) oscillatory shear (MAOS) provides additional nonlinear rheological information with low dimensional, well-defined material functions [Ewoldt and Bharadwaj, Rheol. Acta 52, 201–209 (2013)]. Here, we develop expectations of signatures (or fingerprints) for the four asymptotically-nonlinear material functions associated with MAOS, [e1](ω), [e3](ω), [v1](ω), [v3](ω). Although the linear fingerprints may be identical for different models, the asymptotically-nonlinear fingerprints may be different in magnitude, frequency-scaling, curve shapes, and sign changes. To perform the analysis, we collect/translate a library of available analytical strain-controlled MAOS fingerprints for seven different constitutive models. Using this library, we identify general trends and highlight key differences of asymptotic-nonlinear viscoelasticity. Asymptotic nonlinearities for all models considered here obey the terminal regime inter-relations and frequency scaling predicted by Bharadwaj and Ewoldt [J. Rheol. 58, 891–910 (2014)]. Unlike the positive linear viscoelastic measures, at least one of the four asymptotic nonlinearities changes signs with Deborah number (De). Following sign interpretations of Ewoldt and Bharadwaj [Rheol. Acta 52, 201–209 (2013)], we show that nonlinearities tend to be driven by strain-rates at small De, and by strains at large De, a trend observed for nearly all the constitutive models studied here, the exception being the model for dilute rigid dumbbell suspensions of Bird et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 074904 (2014)]. Some constitutive models exhibit multiple sign changes at intermediate De and there may be no universal behavior of asymptotically-nonlinear fingerprints in this regime. Therefore, frequency-dependent signatures can be material-specific. This will allow inverse problems to infer structure, select models, and fit model parameters using asymptotically-nonlinear signatures. To illustrate this aspect, we demonstrate a fingerprint matching exercise with experimental measurements on a transiently cross-linked hydrogel system. We find that currently available model fingerprints can match the qualitative magnitudes and frequency dependence, but not the signs of the experimental transient network response.
Semianalytical methods for the determination of the nonlinear parameter of nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations from LAOS data
Authors: Bae Jung-Eun , Cho Kwang Soo
Published: February 2015

Various viscoelastic constitutive equations have been developed to describe nonlinear viscoelastic flows. Most equations contain two kinds of parameters: Nonlinear and linear ones. The linear parameters correspond to relaxation time spectrum and can be determined from linear viscoelastic data. Meanwhile, the nonlinear parameters cannot be determined by linear viscoelastic data. The determination of the nonlinear parameters requires both reliable nonlinear data and complex procedures for fitting numerical solution of differential equations to the nonlinear data. If an analytical solution of viscoelastic model is available then dramatic reduction of difficulty is expected in the determination of the nonlinear parameters. Previous studies on analytical solution of large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) are based on series expansion which is effective up to only third harmonic. Since it is practically impossible to obtain the analytical solution of higher order than fifth, we suggest a new method which extracts semianalytical solutions (SAS) for some relevant quantities of LAOS from the numerical solutions of nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations: The Giesekus model and the Phan-Thien/Tanner model. The SAS includes the effects of higher harmonics which cannot be achieved by low-order series expansion technique. The series expansion is applicable to limited Wi ≪ 1 but any De, while the SAS are applicable to De < 1 but any Wi. The methods developed here are helpful not only for the estimation of nonlinear parameters of viscoelastic models but also for the investigation of the origin of strain-frequency superposition in LAOS.
Measuring Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents
Authors: Gunnell Katie E. , Brunet Jennifer , Wing Erin K. , Bélanger Mathieu
Published: February 2015

Background:

Perceived barriers to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) may contribute to the low rates of moderate-to-vigorous PA in adolescents. We examined the psychometric properties of scores from the perceived barriers to moderate-to-vigorous PA scale (PB-MVPA) by examining composite reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of the PB-MVPA and relations with other variables.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2013 from adolescents (N = 507; Mage = 12.40, SD = .62) via self-report scales.

Results:

Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we found that perceived barriers were best represented as two factors representing internal (e.g., “I am not interested in physical activity”) and external (e.g., “I need equipment I don’t have”) dimensions. Composite reliability was over .80. Using multiple regression to examine the relationship between perceived barriers and moderate-to-vigorous PA, we found that perceived internal barriers were inversely related to moderate-to-vigorous PA (β = -.32, p < .05). Based on results of the analysis of variances, there were no known-group sex differences for perceived internal and external barriers (p < .26).

Conclusions:

The PB-MVPA scale demonstrated evidence of score reliability and validity. To improve the understanding of the impact of perceived barriers on moderate-to-vigorous PA in adolescents, researchers should examine internal and external barriers separately.
Left Ventricular Morphology in Different Periods of the Training Season in Elite Young Swimmers
Authors: Csajági Eszter , Szauder Ipoly , Major Zsuzsanna , Pavlik Gábor
Published: February 2015

Training adaptation of the left ventricle (LV) and it’s reversibility following the cessation of training in adults is well known and also studied in children. In the current study we describe the changes in the LV morphology in association with the training season during a 1.5 year follow-up period. 15 elite adolescent swimmers, seven girls and 8 boys with 6 years of swimming history and 20 hr per week training were observed. Their data were compared with 15 age and gender matched nonathletes. LV adaptation was measured with 2D-echocardiography at the baseline preseason and every 3 months, according to the macro cyclic periods of training. Nonathletes were observed at the first and fifth stage of the study. Remarkable LV morphological adaptation has been detected in the swimmers. The greatest LV muscle mass (LVMM: 228 ± 46g) and smallest end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd:44.9 ± 3.4mm) were observed at the end of the second general endurance preparation period (GEP2), but the LVMM/BSA3/2 (Rel.LVMM: 85 ± 10g/m) failed to change during the follow-up in athletes. On the basis of our results, we suggest comparing absolute LV dimensions only in studies made at the same training period to avoid bias due to alterations with the training season.
Aerobic Training Increases Expression Levels of SIRT3 and PGC-1α in Skeletal Muscle of Overweight Adolescents Without Change in Caloric Intake
Authors: Vargas-Ortiz Katya , Perez-Vazquez Victoriano , Diaz-Cisneros Francisco J. , Figueroa Arturo , Jiménez-Flores Lizbeth M. , Rodriguez-DelaRosa Gustavo , Macias Maciste H.
Published: February 2015

Sirtuin 3 enzyme (SIRT3) is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial energy homeostasis by activating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α). Murine models have shown that the protein SIRT3 was modified by exercise and diet, however, the effect of exercise without diet in humans has not been examined. Propose of this paper was to analyze the effect of aerobic training on SIRT3 and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle of overweight adolescents without change in caloric intake. Fourteen overweight or obese male adolescents (15.5 ± 0.8 years) trained 3 days-week/50 min x session, at 70-80% of maximal heart rate for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics and skeletal muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after the exercise program to measure adiposity, SIRT3, and PGC-1α proteins. Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) was estimated before and after training. The participants did not change their eating habits during the intervention. SIRT3 (1.05 ± 0.11 vs. 1.25 ± 0.14 AU, p = .014) and PGC-1a (1.06 ± 0.15 Vs 1.39 ± 0.20 AU, p = .009) increased. Fat percentage and waist circumference decreased (p < .05). VO2peak increased after training (p < .001). There was a significant association between SIRT3 and PGC-1α after training program. These data suggest that aerobic training increased SIRT3 and PGC-1a expression levels in sedentary, overweight, or obese adolescents.
Chirality density wave of the “hidden order” phase in URu
2
Si
2
Authors: Kung H.-H. , Baumbach R. E. , Bauer E. D. , Thorsmølle V. K. , Zhang W.-L. , Haule K. , Mydosh J. A. , Blumberg G.
Published: February 2015

Uncovering the symmetry of a hidden order

Cooling matter generally makes it more ordered and may induce dramatic transitions: Think of water becoming ice. With increased order comes loss of symmetry; water in its liquid form will look the same however you rotate it, whereas ice will not. Kung
et al.
studied the symmetry properties of a mysteriously ordered phase of the material URu
2
Si
2
that appears at 17.5 K. They shone laser light on the crystal and studied the shifts in the frequency of the light. The electron orbitals of the uranium had a handedness to them that alternated between the atomic layers.

Science
, this issue p.
1339
Architecture of the nuclear pore complex coat
Authors: Stuwe Tobias , Correia Ana R. , Lin Daniel H. , Paduch Marcin , Lu Vincent T. , Kossiakoff Anthony A. , Hoelz André
Published: February 2015

A closeup view of the nuclear pore's coat

The precise molecular architecture of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which mediates traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, has been difficult to ascertain owing to the size and complexity of this subcellular structure. Now, Stuwe
et al.
describe the crystal structure of the intact ç400-kD coat nucleoporin complex (CNC) of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
in the presence of an engineered antibody fragment. Docking the crystal structure into an electron tomography reconstruction of the human NPC established the presence of 32 copies of the CNC arranged in four stacked rings and revealed the details of higher-order CNC oligomerization at the near-atomic level.

Science
, this issue p.
1148
Genome Sequences of Three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis Strains from Healthy Broiler Chicks in Hungary and in the United Kingdom
Authors: Olasz Ferenc , Nagy Tibor , Szabó Móni , Kiss János , Szmolka Ama , Barta Endre , van Tonder Andries , Thomson Nicholas , Barrow Paul , Nagy Béla
Published: February 2015

The genome sequences of three strains of
Salmonella enterica
subsp. enterica serovar Infantis isolated from broiler chickens in 1994 and 2004 in Hungary and in the 1980s in the United Kingdom are reported here. A sequence comparison should improve our understanding of the evolution of the genome and spread of
S.
Infantis in poultry.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JJC33M, Isolated from Sugarcane Soils in the Papaloapan Region, Mexico
Authors: Montor-Antonio J. J. , Sachman-Ruiz B. , Lozano L. , del Moral S.
Published: February 2015

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain JJC33M is a bacterium that produces α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and was isolated from sugarcane soil. Its estimated genome size is 3.96 Mb, and it harbors 4,048 coding genes (CDSs).
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Burkholderia multivorans Sequential Isolates from a Chronic Lung Infection of a Cystic Fibrosis Patient
Authors: Silva Inês N. , Santos Pedro M. , Moreira Leonilde M.
Published: February 2015

Burkholderia multivorans
belongs to the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex, which comprises opportunistic pathogens infecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Here, we report the genome sequences and annotations of two sequential B. multivorans clinical isolates (D2095 and D2214) displaying different traits. The differences in the genomic contents of these isolates may provide clues regarding the evolution of B. multivorans within the airways of a CF patient.
Genome Sequence of Borrelia chilensis VA1, a South American Member of the Lyme Borreliosis Group
Authors: Huang Weihua , Ojaimi Caroline , Fallon John T. , Travisany Dante , Maass Alejandro , Ivanova Larisa , Tomova Alexandra , González-Acuña Daniel , Godfrey Henry P. , Cabello Felipe C.
Published: February 2015

Borrelia chilensis strain VA1 is a recently described South American member of the
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato
complex from Chile. Whole-genome sequencing analysis determined its linear chromosome and plasmids lp54 and cp26, confirmed its membership in the Lyme borreliosis group, and will open new research avenues regarding its pathogenic potential.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO Strain
Authors: Giampetruzzi Annalisa , Chiumenti Michela , Saponari Maria , Donvito Giacinto , Italiano Alessandro , Loconsole Giuliana , Boscia Donato , Cariddi Corrado , Martelli Giovanni Paolo , Saldarelli Pasquale
Published: February 2015

We determined the draft genome sequence of the
Xylella fastidiosa
CoDiRO strain, which has been isolated from olive plants in southern Italy (Apulia). It is associated with olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) and characterized by extensive scorching and desiccation of leaves and twigs.
Metagenomics Reveals Planktonic Bacterial Community Shifts across a Natural CO
2
Gradient in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Chauhan Ashvini , Pathak Ashish , Rodolfo-Metalpa Riccardo , Milazzo Marco , Green Stefan J. , Hall-Spencer Jason M.
Published: February 2015

Bacterial communities at a CO
2
vent (pH 6.7) were compared with those at control (pH 8.0) and transition sites (pH 7.6) using 16S rRNA metagenomics.
Firmicutes
and unclassified bacteria dominated across all sites,
Proteobacteria
, especially
Gammaproteobacteria
, declined, and
Epsilonproteobacteria
increased in the vent with an increase in
Bacteroidetes
at both the vent and transition sites.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas vesicatoria Strains from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Vancheva Taca , Bogatzevska Nevena , Moncheva Penka , Lefeuvre Pierre , Koebnik Ralf
Published: February 2015

Xanthomonas vesicatoria
causes bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato plants. We report here the first genome sequences of X. vesicatoria strains that have been isolated from pepper plants. These data will be used for comparative genomics and will allow the development of new detection and typing tools for epidemiological surveillance.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of the Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis Pathotype Strain CFBP 2541
Authors: Pesce Céline , Bolot Stéphanie , Cunnac Sébastien , Portier Perrine , Fischer-Le Saux Marion , Jacques Marie-Agnès , Gagnevin Lionel , Arlat Matthieu , Noël Laurent D. , Carrère Sébastien , Bragard Claude , Koebnik Ralf
Published: February 2015

Xanthomonas translucens
pv. cerealis is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak on true grasses. The genome of the pathotype strain CFBP 2541 was sequenced in order to decipher mechanisms that provoke disease and to elucidate the role of transcription activator-like (TAL) type III effectors in pathogenicity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter sp. Strain YZS-X1-1, a Denitrifying Bacterium Isolated from Freshwater Pond Sludge in China
Authors: Zhang Honggang , Li Xinzhi , Zhang Bingzhao , Liu Chenli
Published: February 2015

Acinetobacter sp. strain YZS-X1-1 was isolated from freshwater pond sludge in China. Here, we present the draft genome of strain YZS-X1-1, which consists of 3,278,660 bases, with a G+C content of 42.1%.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Genotype of Squash Mosaic Virus Infecting Squash in Spain
Authors: Li Rugang , Gao Shan , Berendsen Sven , Fei Zhangjun , Ling Kai-Shu
Published: February 2015

The complete genome sequence of a new isolate of squash mosaic virus (SqMV) infecting squash plants in Spain was obtained using deep sequencing of small RNAs. The low nucleotide sequence identities, with only 87 to 88% for RNA1 and 84 to 86% for RNA2 to known SqMV isolates, suggested that this isolate belongs to a novel genotype.
Anti-TNF therapy for paediatric IBD: the Scottish national experience
Authors: Cameron F L , Wilson M L , Basheer N , Jamison A , McGrogan P , Bisset W M , Gillett P M , Russell R K , Wilson D C
Published: February 2015

Background and aims

Biological agents are being increasingly used in the UK for paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) despite limited evidence and safety concerns. We evaluated effectiveness and safety in the clinical setting, highlighting drug cost pressures, using our national Scottish PIBD biological registry.

Methods

Complete usage of the biological agents, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) for treatment of PIBD (in those aged <18 years) from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2010 was collated from all treatments administered within the Scottish Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (PGHAN) national managed service network (all regional PGHAN centres and paediatric units within their associated district general hospitals).

Results

132 children had biological therapy; 24 required both agents; 114 had Crohn's disease (CD), 16 had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 2 had IBD Unclassified (IBDU). 127 children received IFX to induce remission; 61 entered remission, 49 had partial response and 17 had no response. 72 were given maintenance IFX and 23 required dose escalation. 18 had infusion reactions and 27 had adverse events (infections/other adverse events). 29 had ADA to induce remission (28 CD and 1 UC), 24 after IFX; 10 entered remission, 12 had partial response and 7 had no response. All had maintenance; 19 required dose escalation. 12 children overall required hospitalisation due to drug toxicity. No deaths occurred with either IFX or ADA.

Conclusions

Complete accrual of the Scottish nationwide ‘real-life’ experience demonstrates moderate effectiveness of anti tumour necrosis factor agents in severe PIBD but duration of effect is limited; significant financial issues (drug cost—need for dose escalation and/or multiple biological usage) and safety issues exist.
Current state of interventional cardiology in congenital heart disease
Authors: Bentham J R , Thomson J D R
Published: February 2015

Congenital interventional cardiology seeks to provide alternative percutaneous solutions to congenital cardiac problems in preference to more traditional surgical approaches. Simpler procedures have been refined and are now achievable in smaller children and infants. More complex procedures are increasingly recognised as superior to surgical alternatives, though most patients with complex disease inevitably undergo combinations of interventional, surgical and joint or hybrid procedures. This review seeks to highlight recent advances in these techniques of most interest to the readership of this journal.
The combined perceptions of people with stroke and their carers regarding rehabilitation needs 1 year after stroke: a mixed methods study
Authors: Ekstam Lisa , Johansson Ulla , Guidetti Susanne , Eriksson Gunilla , Ytterberg Charlotte
Published: February 2015

Objectives

The aim of the study was to explore the associations between the dyad’s (person with stroke and informal caregiver) perception of the person with stroke’s rehabilitation needs and stroke severity, personal factors (gender, age, sense of coherence), the use of rehabilitation services, amount of informal care and caregiver burden. Further, the aim was to explore the personal experience of everyday life changes among persons with stroke and their caregivers and their strategies for handling these 1 year after stroke.

Design

A mixed methods design was used combining quantitative and qualitative data and analyses.

Setting

Data were mainly collected in the participants’ homes.

Outcome measures

Data were collected through established instruments and open-ended interviews. The dyad's perceptions of the person with stroke’s rehabilitation needs were assessed by the persons with stroke and their informal caregivers using a questionnaire based on Ware’s taxonomy. The results were combined and classified into three groups: met, discordant (ie, not in agreement) and unmet rehabilitation needs. To assess sense of coherence (SOC) in persons with stroke, the SOC-scale was used. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Burden Scale. Data on the use of rehabilitation services were obtained from the computerised register at the Stockholm County Council.

Participants

86 persons with stroke (mean age 73 years, 38% women) and their caregivers (mean age 65 years, 40% women).

Results

Fifty-two per cent of the dyads perceived that the person with stroke’s need for rehabilitation was met 12 months after stroke. Met rehabilitation needs were associated with less severe stroke, more coping strategies for solving problems in everyday activities and less caregiver burden.

Conclusions

Rehabilitation interventions need to focus on supporting the dyads’ process of psychological and social adaptation after stroke. Future studies need to explore and evaluate the effects of using a dyadic perspective throughout rehabilitation.
Mechanical prophylaxis after hip fracture: what is the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A retrospective observational study
Authors: Protty Majd B , Aithal Shridhar , Hickey Ben , Pettit Rebecca , Johansen Antony
Published: February 2015

Graduated compression stockings carry a potential risk of pressure, vascular and other complications. Current understanding of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk leaves it uncertain whether patients with hip fracture should wear stockings on both legs.

Objectives

To determine the association between the side of the hip fracture and the subsequent occurrence of symptomatic lower limb DVT.

Setting

Single tertiary trauma centre, Wales.

Participants

All 3657 patients presenting with hip fracture between 2007 and 2013 were identified from our unit's National Hip Fracture Database. We excluded 404 patients (11.0%) resident outside our catchment area, leaving a total of 3253. Median age was 83 years (±12.4).

Primary/secondary outcome measures

We cross-linked patient details with Medical Physics records, to identify 634 (19.5%) who had undergone one or more lower-limb Doppler-ultrasound scans at some point during the study period. The distribution rates of DVT were calculated from this resulting data set.

Results

Many of the total 634 scans were unrelated to the hip fracture, including 225 (35.5%) performed prior to the fracture. We calculated a baseline rate of DVT of 3.7/1000 patients per year, for the 3-month period immediately before the hip fracture. Scans performed following hip fracture showed DVT risk to be highest in the 3-month period after fracture (35.7/1000 patients per year). This resulted from a six-fold increase in DVTs on the side of the fracture (29.5/1000 patients per year, p<0.01). We found only a very small non-significant increase in DVT on the contralateral leg (6.1/1000 patients per year)

Conclusions

The additional risk of DVT after hip fracture is essentially confined to the fractured limb—the leg to which it is most painful to apply stockings. There appears little justification for the cost and potential risk of using stockings on the contralateral leg.
Catheter based selective hypothermia reduces stroke volume during focal cerebral ischemia in swine
Authors: Mattingly Thomas K , Denning Lynn M , Siroen Karen L , Lehrbass Barb , Lopez-Ojeda Pablo , Stitt Larry , Pelz David M , Das Sumit , Ang Lee-Cyn , Lee Donald H , Lownie Stephen P
Published: February 2015

Background

Total body hypothermia is an established neuroprotectant in global cerebral ischemia. The role of hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. Selective application of hypothermia to a region of focal ischemia may provide similar protection with more rapid cooling and elimination of systemic side effects. We studied the effect of selective endovascular cooling in a focal stroke model in adult domestic swine.

Methods

After craniotomy under general anesthesia, a proximal middle cerebral artery branch was occluded for 3 h, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. In half of the animals, selective hypothermia was induced during reperfusion using a dual lumen balloon occlusion catheter placed in the ipsilateral common carotid artery. Following reperfusion, the animals were sacrificed. Brain MRI and histology were evaluated by experts who were blinded to the intervention.

Results

25 animals were available for analysis. Using selective hypothermia, hemicranial temperature was successfully cooled to a mean of 26.5°C. Average time from start of perfusion to attainment of moderate hypothermia (<30°C) was 25 min. Mean MRI stroke volumes were significantly reduced by selective cooling (0.050±0.059 control, 0.005±0.011 hypothermia (ratio stroke:hemisphere volume) (p=0.046). Stroke pathology volumes were reduced by 42% compared with controls (p=0.256).

Conclusions

Selective moderate hypothermia was rapidly induced using endovascular techniques in a clinically realistic swine stroke model. A significant reduction in stroke volume on MRI was observed. Endovascular selective hypothermia can provide neuroprotection within time frames relevant to acute ischemic stroke treatment.
Sexual harassment of psychiatric trainees: experiences and attitudes
Authors: Morgan John F , Porter Sally
Published: February 2015

A survey was carried out of psychiatric trainees' work-related experiences of unwanted sexual contact. A structured postal questionnaire was administered to 100 psychiatric trainees from senior house officer to specialist registrar level in a large psychiatric rotation. There was an 85% response rate; 86% (73) of the sample had experienced unwanted sexual contact, with 47% (40) experiencing deliberate touching, leaning over or cornering, and 18% (15) receiving letters, telephone calls or material of a sexual nature. Three-quarters (64) of respondents had experienced unwanted sexual contact from patients and 64% (54) from staff. Experiences and attitudes did not generally differ by gender, grade or training experience. Four out of 48 female respondents described stalking by patients. Of the 39 respondents who had reported harassment by patients, 31 felt supported by colleagues, while of the 13 who had reported harassment by colleagues, eight felt supported. Two-thirds of the respondents considered sexual harassment ‘sometimes’ or ‘frequently’ a problem for the profession. Diagnoses of confusional states, mania or schizophrenia made subjects less likely to consider unwanted sexual behaviour to be ‘sexual harassment’ (86%, 80%, and 67%, respectively), but not for other diagnoses. Levels of threatening and intrusive sexual harassment are unacceptably high in this study group. Health trusts should adopt policies of ‘zero tolerance’ and all incidents should be reported. Psychological impact on victims should be acknowledged even when the behaviour of the perpetrator can be explained by diagnosis. Key pointspsychiatric trainees commonly experience intrusive sexual harassment from patients and sometimes colleagueslevels are unacceptably high and Health Trusts should adopt ‘zero tolerance’ policiespsychological impact of harassment should not be underestimated, even when a patient's behaviour is explicable by diagnoses of psychosis or confusional stateslevels of sexual harassment need to be established among other medical specialties, particularly those involving community-based treatments
Clearance of acanthosis nigricans associated with the HAIR-AN syndrome after partial pancreatectomy: an 11-year follow-up
Authors: Pfeifer S L E , Wilson R M , Gawkrodger D J
Published: February 2015

We describe a woman with the syndrome characterised by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans (the HAIR-AN syndrome), and an associated insulinoma (islet B-cell tumour), whose signs and symptoms cleared after partial pancreatectomy.
Conjunctival MALT lymphoma: an unusual cause of red eye
Authors: Minasian Margaret C , Sharma Ash , Richman Paul I , Olver Jane M
Published: February 2015

We describe a patient presenting with a red eye who was found to have conjunctival non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type.
Calcium phosphate stones during long-term acetazolamide treatment for epilepsy
Authors: Paisley K E , Tomson C R V
Published: February 2015

We report a case of recurrent renal calculi containing calcium phosphate associated with long-term acetazolamide treatment for epilepsy. Unfortunately, the cause of stone formation was not recognised for many years, by which time irreversible renal damage had occurred.
Recent advances in process development for opiate-derived pharmaceutical agents
Authors: Hudlicky Tomas
Published: February 2015

This short review summarizes our work on the process development for the synthesis of buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone, and nalbuphine from naturally occurring opiates such as thebaine and oripavine. Several new methods for N-demethylation of morphinans have been developed during the pursuit of this research. The article traces the evolution of various approaches and provides a comparison for overall efficiency.
Profiling of cardiac β-adrenoceptor subtypes in the cardiac left ventricle of rats with metabolic syndrome: Comparison with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Okatan Esma N. , Tuncay Erkan , Hafez Gaye , Turan Belma
Published: February 2015

Little is known about metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated cardiomyopathy, especially in relation to the role and contribution of beta-adrenoceptor (β-AR) subtypes. Therefore, we examined the roles of β-AR subtypes in the cardiac function of rats with MetS (MetS group) and compared it with that of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (STZ group). Compared with the normal control rats, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the MetS group were significantly decreased and with no changes in their mRNA levels, whereas the protein levels of β3-AR were similar to those of the controls. However, as shown previously, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the STZ group were decreased, whereas the β3-AR levels were significantly increased by comparison with the controls. Additionally, the mRNA levels of β2- and β3-AR were increased, but β1-AR mRNA was decreased in the STZ group. Furthermore, left ventricular developed pressure responses to β3-AR agonist BRL37344 were increased in the STZ group but not in the MetS group, whereas for both groups, the responses to noradrenaline were not different from those of the controls. However, the response to stimulation with high concentrations of fenoterol was depressed in the MetS group, compared with the controls, but not in the STZ group. Consequently, our data suggest that the contribution of the β-AR system to cardiac dysfunction in the rats with MetS is not the same as that in the STZ group, although they have similar cardiac dysfunction with similar ultrastructural changes to the myocardium.
Preventative effects of prostaglandin E1 in combination with iodized olive oil on liver fibrosis after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in a rabbit model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis
Authors: Jin Shuqiang , Cao Haili , Wang Kaibing , Li Ying , Bai Bin
Published: February 2015

To explore the preventative effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on a rabbit model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), we generated a rabbit model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by treatment with 40% CCl4 in iodized olive oil for 16 weeks. Body mass and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), albumin:globulin ratio (A:G), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were measured. After TACE, the levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen III (PC III), laminin (LN), and collagen IV (IV-C) were measured, and the severity of liver fibrosis as well as the morphology of liver tissues were determined. Body mass in the model group was significantly decreased from 10 to 16 weeks, and the serum levels of ALT, AST, TP, TBIL, and DBIL levels were significantly increased while the model was being generated; the levels of ALB and A:G were significantly decreased. After TACE, serum levels of HA, PC III, and LN in the group injected with 1.0 mL iodized olive oil (Group B) were higher than in the group that were injected with 1.0 mL iodized olive oil + 0.2 mL PGE1 (Group C), whereas the serum levels of IV-C were lower. The severity of liver fibrosis was ameliorated in Group C. The combination of PGE1 and iodized olive oil prevented the development of liver fibrosis following TACE.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of black mustard (Brassica nigra; BB) and comparison withBrassica oleracea(CC) andBrassica carinata(BBCC)
Authors: Yamagishi Hiroshi , Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Terachi Toru
Published: February 2015

Crop species of Brassica (Brassicaceae) consist of three monogenomic species and three amphidiploid species resulting from interspecific hybridizations among them. Until now, mitochondrial genome sequences were available for only five of these species. We sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the sixth species, Brassica nigra (nuclear genome constitution BB), and compared it with those of Brassica oleracea (CC) and Brassica carinata (BBCC). The genome was assembled into a 232 145 bp circular sequence that is slightly larger than that of B. oleracea (219 952 bp). The genome of B. nigra contained 33 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 17 tRNA genes. The cox2-2 gene present in B. oleracea was absent in B. nigra. Although the nucleotide sequences of 52 genes were identical between B. nigra and B. carinata, the second exon of rps3 showed differences including an insertion/deletion (indel) and nucleotide substitutions. A PCR test to detect the indel revealed intraspecific variation in rps3, and in one line of B. nigra it amplified a DNA fragment of the size expected for B. carinata. In addition, the B. carinata lines tested here produced DNA fragments of the size expected for B. nigra. The results indicate that at least two mitotypes of B. nigra were present in the maternal parents of B. carinata.
Fabrication, structural and humidity sensing properties of BaTiO3 nanofibers via electrospinning
Authors: Sheng Chen-Hao , Zhang Hong-Di , Chen Shuai , Zhang Jun-Cheng , Han Wen-Peng , Long Yun-Ze
Published: February 2015

Barium titanate (BTO) nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning and followed calcination. The morphologies and microstructures of the nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Calcinating temperature and process greatly influenced the surface morphology of the nanofibers. In addition, parallel BTO nanofibers were also successfully produced by a centrifugal electrospinning technique. And the humidity sensing properties of the nanofibers were measured. The results showed an ultrafast response time (~0.5 s) and a recovery time (~0.4 s) to humidity at room temperature, which revealed excellent humidity sensitivity performance.
Gravitational lensing in cosmology
Authors: Futamase Toshifumi
Published: February 2015

Gravitational lensing is a unique and direct probe of mass in the universe. It depends only on the law of gravity and does not depend on the dynamical state nor the composition of matter. Thus, it is used to study the distribution of the dark matter in the lensing object. Combined with the traditional observations such as optical and X-ray, it gives us useful informations of the structure formation in the universe. The lensing observables depend also on the global geometry as well as large scale structure of the universe. Therefore it is possible to withdraw useful constraints on the cosmological parameters once the distribution of lensing mass is accurately known. Since the first discovery of the lensing event by a galaxy in 1979, various kinds of lensing phenomena caused by star, galaxy, cluster of galaxies and large scale structure have been observed and are used to study mass distribution in various scales and cosmology. Thus, the gravitational lensing is now regarded as an indispensable research field in the observational cosmology. In this paper, we give an instructive introduction to gravitational lensing and its applications to cosmology.
Thermodynamical behavior of the variable Chaplygin gas
Authors: Panigrahi D.
Published: February 2015

The thermodynamical behavior of the variable Chaplygin gas (VCG) model is studied, using an equation-of-state (EoS) like [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. Here B0 is a positive universal constant, n is also a constant and V is the volume of the fluid. From the consideration of thermodynamic stability, it is seen that only if the values of n are allowed to be negative, then [Formula: see text] throughout the evolution. Again thermal capacity at constant volume cV shows positive expression. Using the best fit value of n = -3.4 as previously found by Guo and Zhang (Phys. Lett. B. 645 (2007) 326) gives that the fluid is thermodynamically stable throughout the evolution. The effective EoS for the special case of n = 0 goes to Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model. Again for n < 0, it favors phantom-like cosmology which is in agreement with the current SNe Ia constraints like VCG model. The deceleration parameter is also studied in the context of thermodynamics and the analysis shows that the flip occurs for the value of n < 4. Finally, the thermal EoS is discussed which is an explicit function of temperature only. It is also observed that the third law of thermodynamics is satisfied in this model. As expected, the volume increases as temperature falls during adiabatic expansions. In this case, for T → 0, the thermal EoS reduces to [Formula: see text], which is identical with the EoS for the case of large volume.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE BETWEEN BARIUM IONS AND CALCIUM IONS ON MORPHOLOGY AND SIZE OF COPRECIPITATION IN MICROEMULSION
Authors: WANG NONG , MENG QING LUO
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we systematically drew a series of inverse-microemulsion quasi-ternary system phase diagrams of OP -10+ C8H17OH + C6H12+ brine  ( CaCl2/ BaCl2) by adjusting the ratio of CaCl2and BaCl2. On this basis, microemulsions have been prepared with seven different molar ratios of Ca2+/ Ba2+, and calcium carbonate and barium carbonate coprecipitation products were obtained by reaction with an equimolar amount of sodium carbonate. The influence of barium ion to morphology and composition of nanometer calcium carbonate were studied. These samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM photographs indicated that when the content of Ca2+was higher, some incomplete large cube of coprecipitation particles were formed in solution, but with the content of Ba2+increased gradually, they formed a large number of small spherical particles, with the further increase of Ba2+concentration, the particles mainly had structures of irregular polyhedron eventually. The measurement results of FTIR and XRD indicated that CaCO3coprecipitation products gradually changed from calcite to the vaterite, eventually turned into being aragonite with the further increase of Ba2+concentration.
CONSISTENT PARALLEL AND PROPORTIONAL SHIFTS IN THE TERM STRUCTURE OF FUTURES PRICES
Authors: HINNERICH MIA
Published: February 2015

We consider an arbitrage-free futures price model of Heath–Jarrow–Morton type which is driven by a multidimensional Wiener process and a marked point process. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for this model to produce a log futures curve that changes only through parallel shifts. The same analysis is carried out for the case when the log futures curve changes only through proportional shifts. We prove that there exist nontrivial parallel and proportional shifting log futures curves and we show how to specify the futures price model in order to obtain them. Additionally the shift functions are characterized. Finally, we consider the case of all other single-factor affine models which are neither parallel nor proportional shifting curves. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the purely Wiener-driven log futures model to admit such other affine shifting curve and we characterize the shift functions.