bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Companies' Operation Environments in a Global Economy
Authors: Kot Sebastian , Măcriş Maria
Published: October 2014

During the current period, the world economy is characterised by a process of globalisation, which implies that the national economy is part of the global economy, which it influences, but the latter also determines a certain trend of developing a national economy. In this context, industrial companies are part of the globalised economy, which determines a certain complexity in the development of any industrial company. This chapter is a systemic approach of the industrial company under the conditions of a globalised economic market. It deals with aspects relating to competitions and competitors, elements of companies' external environments, companies' internal environments and components, companies' ambiguous operating environments, etc. The end of the chapter analyses the decision-making process in industrial companies under the conditions given for them, namely in an ambiguous development environment.
Production Strategies of Companies in Machine Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Modrak Vladimir , Radu Sorin Mihai
Published: October 2014

In the portfolio of strategies of any industrial company, the production strategy occupies a central place. Preparing it is based on knowing well the technological process and its complexity. This chapter particularly studies the production strategies of the Romanian companies in the machine manufacturing industry (industrial machineries and equipment). It is recommended that the preparation of such a strategy would take into account the regional development strategy. In this context, the Advanced Production Strategies (APS) may successfully be used, which prefigure the transition to the machinist systems and then to systems based on artificial intelligence where an important role in preparing the production strategies is held by the systems based on artificial intelligence. The problem of elaborating some optimal strategic decisions is dealt with separately by using econometric models. In this context, the use of IT, respectively of expert systems, is essential in developing some very good strategies for industrial companies.
Budgeting Technique of Strategic Management
Authors: Man Mariana
Published: October 2014

The industrial companies' activities must take into account the existence of a balance between income and expenses. In this regard, the budget is the basic tool, and budgeting becomes a systemic economic practice in allocating the financial resources to achieve the objectives set forth by the company strategy. This chapter discusses budgeting as a technique of strategic management. In the companies' activities of budgeting, the following may be used: general and partial budgets; budgets prepared by departments; budgets prepared by products, projects, and activities; fixed and flexible budgets; etc. Thus, to start with, the fundamentals of budgets are analysed, and afterwards, based on them, industrial companies' budgets are elaborated. At the end of this chapter, the budgets thus elaborated are used as techniques of the industrial companies' strategic management.
Use of Budgets to Elaborate the Strategy of Industrial Production Costs
Authors: Man Mariana
Published: October 2014

The industrial companies' activities must take into account the existence of a balance between income and expenses. In this regard, the budget is the basic tool, and budgeting becomes a systemic economic practice in allocating the financial resources to achieve the objectives set forth by the company strategy. This chapter discusses budgeting as a technique of strategic management. In the companies' activities of budgeting, the following may be used: general and partial budgets; budgets prepared by departments; budgets prepared by products, projects, and activities; fixed and flexible budgets; etc. Thus, to start with, the fundamentals of budgets are analysed, and afterwards, based on them, industrial companies' budgets are elaborated. At the end of this chapter, the budgets thus elaborated are used as techniques of the industrial companies' strategic management.
Research E-Journaling to Enhance Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: October 2014

In qualitative and mixed methods research, the researcher and/or research team are critical elements in the research. Given perceptual, cognitive, and memory limitations, human researchers can often bring these shortcomings to their research and decision-making. To combat such tendencies, researcher reflection, self-awareness, and self-critique are seen as some research controls, as are various standardizations in research to control for bias and to provide for multiple points-of-view. One tool that has long been used for researcher reflection to promote research quality has been the research journal. Research journals are field texts created by the researcher or a research team to make sense of the research work; these are professional forms of narrative analyses or narrative inquiries to enhance researcher self-consciousness of their work, their reasoning, their decision-making, and their conclusions. A contemporaneous electronic version of the qualitative or mixed methods research journal is multimedia-based (including visuals, audio, and video) and may be built in data management software programs, shared cloud-based work sites, or simple folders or digital objects. Guided research e-journals may be structured for the elicitation and capture of specific information to ensure researcher attentiveness, awareness, mindfulness, and thoroughness. Guided electronic journaling (used prior to, during, and post-research) may be used to enhance research quality. This chapter proposes a partial typology of guided structures for research journaling and suggests channels for publishing and distributing research e-journals.
Data Integration Technology for Industrial and Environmental Research via Air Quality Monitoring Network
Authors: Cai Tianxing
Published: October 2014

Industrial and environmental research will always involve the study of the cause-effect relationship between emissions and the surrounding environment. Qualitative and mixed methods researchers have employed a variety of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools, simulated or virtual environments, information systems, information devices, and data analysis tools in this field. With the collection and representation of information in a range of ways, software tools have been created to manage and store this data. This data management enables more efficient searching ability of various types of electronic and digitized information. Various technologies have made the work of research more efficient. The results of the qualitative or mixed methods research may be integrated to reach the research target. Right now, a lot of software tools are available for analysis to identify patterns and represent new meanings. The programs extend the capabilities of the researcher in terms of information coding and meaning-making. Machine-enhanced analytics has enabled the identification of aspects of interest such as correlations and anomalies from large datasets. Chemical facilities, where large amounts of chemicals and fuels are processed, manufactured, and housed, have high risks to originate air emission events, such as intensive flaring and toxic gas release caused by various uncertainties like equipment failure, false operation, nature disaster, or terrorist attack. Based on an available air-quality monitoring network, the data integration technologies are applied to identify the scenarios of the possible emission source and the dynamic pollutant monitor result, so as to timely and effectively support diagnostic and prognostic decisions. In this chapter, several systematic methodologies and preliminary data integration system designs for such applications are developed according to the real application purpose. It includes two stages of modeling and optimization work: 1) the determination of background normal emission rates from multiple emission sources and 2) single-objective or multi-objective optimization for impact scenario identification and quantification. They have the capability of identifying the potential emission profile and spatial-temporal characterization of pollutant dispersion for a specific region, including reverse estimation of air quality issues. The chapter provides valuable information for accidental investigations and root cause analysis for an emission event, and it helps evaluate the regional air quality impact caused by such an emission event as well. Case studies are employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the developed methodology.
Trendy Avatars and Their Hair
Authors: Hansen Sara Steffes
Published: October 2014

This case study uses multiple qualitative methods to examine cultural meanings of virtual goods in a virtual world or Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) with consumer marketing promotions. Through participant observation, avatar hair emerged as a key virtual good. Symbolic displays in social interaction showed different meanings and uses for types of hair available to users, including high-status rare hair, and versions aligned with marketing promotions and real-world brands. Study of online artifacts examined user-generated content, such as user forums and machinima. The long interview method subsequently was employed to gather insight from users. Findings demonstrate how different data from these online methods provide rich meanings for avatar hair related to symbolic interactionism and self-presentation. Methods explore co-production among users, platform, and marketing efforts. Cultural meanings, user self-displays, and corporate influences related to avatar hair are presented. Avatar hair emerged as a status artifact that often revealed levels of social skills or wealth in this virtual culture, at times connected with marketing promotions relevant outside of the virtual world. Methodological implications are explored for avatar-based participation, artifacts from social networking and other technologies, and ethical approaches.
Expressing Data, Space, and Time with Tableau Public™
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: October 2014

Virtually every subject area depicted in a learning object could conceivably involve a space-time element. Theoretically, every event may be mapped geospatially, and in time, these spatialized event maps may be overlaid with combined data (locations of particular natural and human-made objects, demographics, and other phenomena) to enable the identification and analysis of time-space patterns and interrelationships. They enable hypothesis formations, hunches, and the asking and answering of important research questions. The ability to integrate time-space insights into research work is enhanced by the wide availability of multiple new sources of free geospatial data: open data from governments and organizations (as part of Gov 2.0), locative information from social media platforms (as part of Web 2.0), and self-created geospatial datasets from multiple sources. The resulting maps and data visualizations, imbued with a time context and the potential sequencing of maps over time, enable fresh insights and increased understandings. In addition to the wide availability of validated geospatial data, Tableau Public is a free and open cloud-based tool that enables the mapping of various data sets for visualizations that are pushed out onto a public gallery for public consumption. The interactive dashboard enables users to explore the data and discover insights and patterns. Tableau Public is a tool that enables enhanced visual- and interaction-based knowing, through interactive Web-friendly maps, panel charts, and data dashboards. With virtually zero computational or hosting costs (for the user), Tableau Public enables the integration of geospatial mapping and analysis stands to benefit research work, data exploration and discovery and analysis, and learning.
A Model for Estimating the Benefits from Network Security Systems
Authors: Moitra Soumyo D.
Published: October 2014

Estimating the benefits of network security systems is important for security decisions since considerable resources are spent on them and organizations need to know the returns on their investments. The objective of the model presented here is to improve management decisions. Better decisions imply greater security for the budget. This model has a number of novel features such as a probabilistic sub-model for the detection and response process, a new attack/damage matrix based on damage-type and cyber-attacks by category, and extensive sensitivity analyses. The results suggest a number of insights into the factors affecting the benefits from sensors such as the effects of non-linear relationships between the rate of attacks and the damages caused. The key role of the value of sensitive information is identified. The model helps identify the conditions under which a new security system provides enough benefits to justify its purchase.
A Fuzzy Cyber-Risk Analysis Model for Assessing Attacks on the Availability and Integrity of the Military Command and Control Systems
Authors: Tavana Madjid , Trevisani Dawn A. , Kennedy Dennis T.
Published: October 2014

The increasing complexity in Military Command and Control (C2) systems has led to greater vulnerability due to system availability and integrity caused by internal vulnerabilities and external threats. Several studies have proposed measures of availability and integrity for the assets in the C2 systems using precise and certain measures (i.e., the exact number of attacks on the availability and the integrity, the number of countermeasures for the availability and integrity attacks, the effectiveness of the availability and integrity countermeasure in eliminating the threats, and the financial impact of each attack on the availability and integrity of the assets). However, these measures are often uncertain in real-world problems. The source of uncertainty can be vagueness or ambiguity. Fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets can represent vagueness and ambiguity by formalizing inaccuracies inherent in human decision-making. In this paper, the authors extend the risk assessment literature by including fuzzy measures for the number of attacks on the availability and the integrity, the number of countermeasures for the availability and integrity attacks, and the effectiveness of the availability and integrity countermeasure in eliminating these threats. They analyze the financial impact of each attack on the availability and integrity of the assets and propose a comprehensive cyber-risk assessment system for the Military C2 in the fuzzy environment.
Global Supply Chain Network Design Incorporating Disruption Risk
Authors: Rienkhemaniyom Kanokporn , Ravindran A. Ravi
Published: October 2014

Supply chain networks have expanded globally in today's business environment due to cost efficiencies, advanced technology, and market growth. This expansion makes the supply chains more vulnerable to disruption risks in different countries. A disruption in one country can cause serious global impacts. In this paper, the authors formulate a multi-criteria optimization model for supporting strategic supply chain network design decisions. The model considers disruption risk of supply chain components (i.e., facilities and transportation links) as well as profit and customer responsiveness as conflicting criteria. This consideration is important since disruption at any supply chain component may lead to the disruption of the entire supply chain network. They apply goal programming (GP) techniques to handle multiple and conflicting network design objectives. The authors present a numerical example to illustrate how to incorporate disruption risk when making strategic supply chain decisions. The results demonstrate how supply chain network designs that over emphasize profit may include inexpensive supply chain components with high disruption risk. Therefore, more attention must be paid to managing potential disruptions and designing supply chain networks that balance profit and risk. They discuss tradeoffs among multiple design solutions and identify opportunities for future research.
Is It A Small World After All?
Authors: Cheng Lifen , González Maria Eugenia
Published: October 2014

The use of computer-mediated communication has led researchers to contradictory argumentations on information and communication technology (ICT) influences on users' engagement in their societal concern. The present study was focused on exploring the intercultural communication competence in terms of developmental model of intercultural sensitivity in netizens among Spanish college students. For this purpose, a pilot study was given to 64 volunteered respondents in order to assess comprehensiveness of a survey questionnaire dealing with popular conceptions of intercultural competence. After some minor adjustment and refinement, the improved questionnaire was used as instrument for research in which 398 university student participants were recruited to participate. Finding data were used to map the way the participants' intercultural competencies are positioned. Moreover, some significant regression coefficient outcomes were fitted into models in attempt to examine direct and indirect effect produced on internet ICT users' intercultural competence produced by the prediction and mediation variables considered for analysis in the present research.
Twirl of Dexterity
Authors: Agarwal Neetima , Pande Neerja , Ahuja Vandana
Published: October 2014

This manuscript extracts an exhaustive list of employability skills and subsequently uses them to develop an empirical model termed as the ‘Twirl of Dexterity' using a set of eight well defined skills. These skills form the core of the model along with 24 attributes of each skill, which form the periphery. These together help organisations decipher the trainability of the employee. The employees can be judged on these 24 attributes of employability with some benchmarking indicating the Proficiency/ Sufficiency/ Deficiency levels and training programs can be framed accordingly. The 24 attributes have been worked out after performing the factor analysis of the responses gathered from around 400 respondents. The Twirl of Dexterity can be subsequently used as a ‘skill meter' to analyse the skill set of the employees and synchronised with the Johari Window concept to further enhance a trainee's perception and reaction to training. The manuscript further proceeds to empirically validate the use of the combination of The Twirl of Dexterity and the Johari Window for improving the effectiveness of training and subsequently leveraging it for better results.
Social Network Behavior as Indicator of Personality, Motivation and Cultural Values
Authors: Bhattacharya Sonali , Sinha Vinita , Sheorey Pratima
Published: October 2014

Managerial cultural values are of pertinent importance for businesses in multinational companies as it determines a nation's managerial philosophy and helps in establishing cross cultural working relationship. Rokeach (1973) has linked individuals' cultural values, and personality with social behavior and attitudes. Rokeach values consist of two sets of values: terminal values which are end-state values and instrumental values which deal with modes of conduct. In recent years, there have been several studies linking Big Five Personality Types: Agreeableness, Consciousness, Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness-to-Experience with social network behavior (see, Hughes et al., 2012, Ryan and Xenos, 2011; Amichai-Hamburger and7 Vinitzky, 2009; Jensen et al., 2009). This study has attempted to establish interrelationships between Rockeach Cultural values, personality and social network behavior through an exploratory study. Since the two largest stake holders of companies, the employees and the customers (or potential customers) are both expected to be using some of the popular social network sites in their personal and work life as well as for selling-purchasing, this study would be an attempt to suggest a model to map the personalities and cultural values of the employees (customers) from their SNS behavior, which will be a useful for establishing better customer and employee relationship. The questionnaire comprised of items related to online SN behavior, Big-Five inventory and Rockeach value survey. The sample consisted of 158 employees at managerial positions in three multinational companies at the age group of 20-50. Findings have been thoroughly discussed in terms of evolving role of social media in the current global organizations.
Avatars “HHH” Technology Education Cloud Platform on Sliding Mode Based Plug-Ontology as a Gateway to Improvement of Feedback Control Online Society
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Kataev Mikhail , Shih Timothy K. , Misra Pradeep Kumar , Fedotova Anna
Published: October 2014

This article aims to show the possibilities of the use avatars “hhh” technology education cloud platform on Sliding Mode based plug-ontology. In the article the virtual learning technology, which is being developed at several universities is description. The technology is based on the understanding that e-education is becoming more common. Virtual educational environment, which is the core technology, is based on the concept of knowledge, which is closely associated with ontology considered in the course of disciplines. Communication in such a virtual educational environment is planned to organize on the basis of an avatar. Distinctive feature of our technology exists in the presence of feedback between the virtual educational environment and the student. In the paper are highlights of technology and results is use in virtual research collaboration works at the Astrakhan State University, Tomsk State University of Control System and Radio Electronics (Russian Federation), at All Armenian Internet University (Australian Federation and the Republic of Armenia), at Rohilkhand University (India) and at National Central University (Taiwan)
Collaboration and Communication in the Online Classroom through a Brain-Based Approach
Authors: Coffman Teresa L. , Klinger Mary Beth
Published: October 2014

Utilizing brain-based learning strategies in the classroom encourages the creation of learning environments that are inviting, engaging, and meaningful. Information and communication technologies used in online classes can be enhanced and made more meaningful for students by applying a brain-based approach. This paper examines the use of brain-based learning in an online environment to build an inviting and collaborative cultural experience for learners. A brain-based model is explored to illustrate effective teaching strategies that can be implemented in an online learning environment. Empirical research and analysis are presented in a research study along with a theoretical evaluation of how incorporating brain-based strategies in online learning can positively affect overall student development and online culture.
The Strengths and Weaknesses of a ‘Learning while Earning' Variation of Work-Integrated Learning (WIL)
Authors: Clark Kaye
Published: October 2014

The background focus of this discussion about work-integrated learning is the three streams of undergraduate Built Environment programs at Central Queensland University that are accredited by their relevant industries. CQU's students' truly work-integrated learning experience may be considered to be a 'self-paced flexible learning while earning' process. Relevant background theories of philosophy and the more recent manifestations of WIL are discussed at length in considering the strengths and weaknesses of the formal and informal opportunities for putting theory into practice in this alternative form of work integrated learning.
Aligning Engineering Design Education with Accreditation Requirements
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sivachandran , Oo Aman Maung Than , Littlefair Guy , Stojcevski Alex
Published: October 2014

This paper focuses on aligning engineering design with accreditation requirements in engineering education. To be an accredited curriculum, education programs must incorporate graduate attributes required by program accrediting professional bodies. Graduate attributes are the required benchmarks for students to attain their specific qualities and abilities within a higher education institute. Most higher education institutions identify a list of expected graduate attributes or outcomes that are incorporated in their educational programs to be accredited by an accrediting professional body such as Engineers Australia (EA), Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) in the United States, and the European Accreditation of Engineering Programs (EUR-ACE) in Europe. This paper evaluates the program educational objectives, student outcomes, assessment methods and evaluation of different undergraduate engineering programs. It assesses how engineering design is practiced and incorporated as an important element of the graduate attributes through project oriented design based learning curriculum aligned with professional accreditation requirements.
Career Commitment of Postprofessional Athletic Training Program Graduates
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Goodman Ashley
Published: October 2014

Context

Choosing to pursue an advanced degree in athletic training appears to indicate professional commitment and passion for the profession. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding why some athletic trainers pursue enrollment in a postprofessional athletic training program (PPATP), indicating commitment to the profession, but later depart for another primary role outside of athletic training.

Objective

To understand why athletic trainers invested in advanced training via a PPATP but then decided to leave the profession.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Online data collection.

Patients or Other Participants

Twelve graduates (8 women [67%], 4 men [33%], age = 31.58 ± 3.06 years) from PPATPs who no longer had primary employment as an athletic trainer.

Data Collection and Analysis

Recruits responded to an e-mail invitation to participate by completing a confidential online questionnaire. We analyzed data using a general inductive approach and secured trustworthiness using multiple-analyst triangulation, peer review, and member checks.

Results

Two higher-order themes emerged regarding the career commitment of former athletic trainers who were PPATP graduates: (1) departure from an athletic training career and (2) partial continuance in athletic training. Two second-order themes emerged from the reasons for departure: (1) decreased recognition of value and (2) work-life imbalance. Finally, we identified 2 third-order themes from the participants' reasons for departure because of a perceived lack of value: (1) low salary and (2) long, inconsistent hours worked.

Conclusions

Most of our participants intended to stay in the profession when they chose to attend a PPATP. However, during role inductance in either the clinical experience of the PPATP they attended or early in their careers, they began to have thoughts of leaving mainly because of inadequate financial compensation, challenging work schedules, or both.
Daar is hulp vir depressie!
Authors: Du Plessis Amanda L.
Published: October 2014

No abstrat availabe.
Scaling up Family Medicine in Uganda
Authors: Besigye Innocent K. , Namatovu Jane F.
Published: October 2014

It is evident that politicians, health managers and academics are realising the potential contribution of Family Medicine to health systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The challenge is in training institutions to recruit and train enough Family Physicians in order to meet expectations. The 3rd Family Medicine Conference in Uganda, held in October 2013, explored innovative ways of scaling up Family Medicine training and practice in Uganda.
Analysis of radial vibrations of poroelastic circular cylindrical shells immersed in an acoustic medium
Authors: Ramesh M. , Shah S. Ahmed , Murthy M.V. Ramana
Published: October 2014

Waves propagating in radial direction of a poroelastic circular cylinder are termed as radial vibrations. Radial vibrations of poroelastic circular cylindrical shell of infinite extent immersed in an inviscid elastic fluid are examined employing Biot’s theory. Biot’s model consists of an elastic matrix permeated by a network of interconnected spaces saturated with liquid. Frequency equation is obtained each for a permeable and an impermeable surface. Poroelastic cylindrical shell is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. Particular cases are considered when the outer and inner fluid vanishes. (1). When the outer fluid is vanished, the considered problem reduces to the problem of radial vibrations of fluid-filled poroelastic circular cylindrical shell. (2). When the inner fluid vanishes, the considered problem reduces to the problem of radial vibrations of poroelastic circular cylindrical shell surrounded by fluid. (3). When both outer and inner fluids vanish, the considered problem is reduced to the problem of radial vibrations of poroelastic circular cylindrical shell in vacuum. For the case, when the inner radius of the poroelastic cylindrical shell approaches to zero, the considered problem is reduced to radial vibrations of poroelastic solid cylinder immersed in fluid. Frequency equation each for a permeable and an impermeable surface is obtained for the said cases. Effect of wall-thickness of the poroelastic circular cylindrical shell in presence of fluid is studied for different cases. Results of previous investigations are shown as a particular case of the present study. By ignoring the liquid effects, the results of purely elastic solid are obtained as a special case.Keywords: Radial vibrations, cylindrical shell, frequency, elastic fluid, permeable surface, impermeable surface.
The impact of awareness programs by media on the spreading and control of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Agarwal Manju , Pathak Rachana
Published: October 2014

In this paper a non-linear mathematical model for the effects of awareness programs on the burden of non-communicable diseases is analyzed. Even as infections and nutritional deficiencies are receding as leading contributors to death and disability, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, diabetes, neuropsychiatric ailments, and other chronic diseases are becoming major contributors to the burden of disease. Complications of diseases constitute a burden for the individuals and the whole society. But the diseases can be avoided or delayed in many cases if awareness and sensitization are raised to inform people in the susceptible stage. In the modeling process the growth rate of awareness programs impacting the population is assumed to be proportional to the numbers of diseased with and without complications. The model is analyzed by using stability theory of differential equations. Our analysis shows that diseased or diseased with complication can be prevented, controlled or at least delayed by introducing effective awareness programmes. The numerical simulation analysis of the model confirms the analytical results.Keywords: Epidemic model, awareness programs, aware susceptible class, local stability, global stability..
Microbial iron uptake in the naturally fertilized waters in the vicinity of Kerguelen Islands: phytoplankton–bacteria interactions
Authors: Fourquez M. , Obernosterer I. , Davies D. M. , Trull T. W. , Blain S.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Iron (Fe) uptake by the microbial community and the contribution of three different size-fractions was determined during spring phytoplankton blooms in the naturally Fe fertilized area off Kerguelen Islands (KEOPS2). Total Fe uptake in surface waters was on average 34 ± 6 pmol Fe L−1 d−1, and microplankton (>25 μm size-fraction; 40–69%) and pico-nanoplankton (0.8–25 μm size-fraction; 29–59%) were the main contributors. The share of heterotrophic bacteria (0.2–0.8 μm size-fraction) to total Fe uptake was low at all stations (1–2%). Iron uptake rates normalized to carbon biomass were highest for pico-nanoplankton above the Kerguelen plateau and for microplankton in the downstream plume. We also investigated the potential competition between heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton for the access to Fe. Bacterial Fe uptake rates normalized to carbon biomass were highest when bacteria were incubated in the absence of both micro- and pico-nanoplankton. The absence of microplankton resulted in a decrease in bacterial Fe uptake rates by up to 20-fold, while in incubations with the whole microbial community bacterial uptake rates were reduced by 2- to 8-fold. In Fe-fertilized waters, the bacterial Fe uptake rates normalized to carbon biomass were positively correlated with primary production. Taken together, these results demonstrate that heterotrophic bacteria are outcompeted by small sized phytoplankton cells for the access to Fe during the spring bloom development, most likely due to the limitation by organic matter. We conclude that the Fe and carbon cycles are tightly coupled and driven by a~complex interplay of competition and synergy between different members of the microbial community.
An extended modeling approach to assess climate change impacts on groundwater recharge and adaptation in arid areas
Authors: Hashemi H. , Uvo C. B. , Berndtsson R.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The impact of future climate scenarios on surface and groundwater resources was simulated using a modeling approach for an artificial recharge area in arid southern Iran. Future climate data for the periods of 2010–2030 and 2030–2050 were acquired from the Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM 3.1) for scenarios A1B, A2, and B1. These scenarios were adapted to the studied region using the delta-change method. The modified version of the HBV model (Qbox) was used to simulate runoff in a flash flood prone catchment. The model was calibrated and validated for the period 2002–2011 using daily discharge data. The projected climate variables were used to simulate future runoff. The rainfall–runoff model was then coupled to a calibrated groundwater flow and recharge model (MODFLOW) to simulate future recharge and groundwater hydraulic head. The results of the rainfall–runoff modeling showed that under the B1 scenario the number of floods might increase in the area. This in turn calls for a proper management, as this is the only source of fresh water supply in the studied region. The results of the groundwater recharge modeling showed no significant difference between present and future recharge for all scenarios. Owing to that, four abstraction and recharge scenarios were assumed to simulate the groundwater level and recharged water in the studied aquifer. The results showed that the abstraction scenarios have the most substantial effect on the groundwater level and the continuation of current pumping rate would lead to a groundwater decline by 18 m up to 2050.
Goal Orientation and Preparation Process in Online Reverse Auctions:
Authors: Schoenherr Tobias , Mabert Vincent A.
Published: October 2014

While online reverse auctions (ORAs) have become a popular tool to conduct business-to-business procurement, academic research and practical guidance are still limited in delineating salient differences to offline procurement, specifically as these pertain to the corporate buyer's goal orientation and preparation process preceding the negotiations. This article focuses on these fundamental dimensions characterizing the strategic sourcing approach, and contrasts their pursuit in ORAs and offline procurement. We consider a multi-item request for quotation (RFQ) and investigate the dimensions of price competitiveness and risk reduction as part of a buyer's goal orientation, and the aspects of information search and extent of analysis as part of the buyer's preparation process. Drawing on tenets from transaction cost economics, complemented with the literature in industrial buyer behavior, we theorize that the goal of price competitiveness is pursued to a greater degree in ORAs, whereas the goal of risk reduction is pursued to a greater degree in offline procurement. Furthermore, we suggest that both information search and extent of analysis are greater in ORAs than in offline procurement. These contentions are tested with data collected from 825 procurement professionals. Various robustness checks and exploratory extensions taking into account contingency factors are conducted. Our primary contributions lie in the provision of a theoretically grounded framework contrasting ORAs to offline procurement along the dimensions of a buyer's goal orientation and preparation process, and the empirical test with a large-scale survey focusing on the unique context of multi-item RFQs. Insights for academic theory and managerial practice are discussed.
EDUCAÇÃO NA AMÉRICA PORTUGUESA: SUJEITOS, DINÂMICAS, SOCIABILIDADES
Authors: Lima e Fonseca Thais Nívia de
Published: October 2014

Este artigo analisa documentos produzidos a partir das relações esta- belecidas entre os professores régios e a administração responsável pelo controle do ensino régio na América portuguesa. Privilegiam-se documentos encaminhados pelos professores régios aos governadores e bispos locais e à Junta da Diretoria Geral dos Estudos e ao Conselho Ultramarino. Essa documentação traduz, em certa medida, as relações estabelecidas entre os sujeitos envolvidos, seus interesses e conflitos, mediados por aspectos cotidianos do funcionamento das escolas régias, inaugurado com as reformas pombalinas da educação, em 1759.
SENTIDOS DA INSTRUÇÃO DOS AMERÍNDIOS EM LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA (SÉCULOS XVI A XVIII)
Authors: Leitão Ana Rita Bernardo
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo tem por objectivo reflectir as finalidades da educa- ção implementada em meio ameríndio, em especial no que concerne a introdução do idioma português entre estes falantes não nativos. Discutiremos as políticas levadas a cabo pela Coroa nos séculos XVI a XVIII, tomando não apenas a educação em si, mas perspectivando a educação como estratégia com vista a uma solução sociolinguística e cultural para a Babel brasileira. Por outro lado, impõe-se, igualmente, a consideração dos esforços da actividade missionária, suas perspectivas e sentidos da inclusão através da instrução catequética e linguística, mas também os principais obstáculos com que, não raro, se deparou até a implementação do Diretório dos Índios nas suas várias versões. Neste sentido, centrar-nos-emos nas comunidades ameríndias, pela sua diversidade, temporalidade e espacialidade, desde os primeiros contactos missionários à intervenção das reformas de Sebastião de Carvalho e Melo. Contexto, agentes, processos e recursos constituem, como tal, peças fundamentais para uma compreensão global das causas e consequências que orquestraram a educação durante o período do Brasil colonial.
MULHERES DE VÉU PRETO: LETRAMENTO RELIGIOSO DAS IRMÃS CLARISSAS NA AMÉRICA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Lage Ana Cristina Pereira
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho pretende dialogar com os conceitos de letramento religio- so e de cultura escrita para compreender a produção e a utilização de livros devocionais pelas mulheres que seguiam a Regra de Santa Clara na América Portuguesa, especialmente do Convento de Santa Clara do Desterro, fundado em 1677, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Nesta Ordem, as Irmãs que portavam véu preto eram aquelas capazes de celebrar o ofício Divino em latim, por meio da leitura do breviário. A análise da regra, das práticas de leitura, da escrita e dos livros que orientam para o caminho da perfeição religiosa leva à percepção de um determinado caminho seguido por essas mulheres: a busca de uma vida exemplar. Neste trabalho, é proposta a análise do capítulo intitulado “Fundação do Mosteiro de Santa Clara do Desterro da Cidade da Bahia”, do livro Novo Orbe Seráfico Brasílico, cuja primeira edição é datada de 1761, organizado por Frei Antonio de Santa Maria Jaboatão (1695-1765). O capítulo apresenta uma compilação de documentos eclesiásticos e políticos para a fundação do Mosteiro, além de trazer biografias que retratam a vida das primeiras irmãs na instituição. Considera-se que esta documentação aponta caminhos para traçar um estilo literário predomi- nante nos conventos que seguiam a Regra de Santa Clara, estabelecendo padrões para o letramento religioso conventual e que circulava entre Portugal e Brasil no período estudado.
“O JULGAMENTO DE CESÃO QUÍNCIO”. UMA LEITURA DE TITO LÍVIO (3.13.6-10).
Authors: Antiqueira Moisés
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma breve análise acerca de um dos episódios que integram o livro terceiro da História composta por Tito Lívio, qual seja, o julgamento de Cesão Quíncio. É corrente a opinião de que o evento corresponde a um exemplo construído pela tradição analística a fim de esboçar uma etiologia histórica ao procedi- mento do vadimonium. A despeito disto, pretende-se sinalizar de que maneira Tito Lívio se valeu do episódio para ilustrar quais seriam os limites entre a equidade e a iniquidade no que concernia à aplicação da justiça na Roma republicana.
Cuidado, cura, saúde: saberes de mulheres
Authors: Cuadrada Coral
Published: October 2014

Neste artigo proponho um percurso de duas etapas. A primeira mostra as atuações e características das herbalistas e curandeiras de Montsiá (séc. XX) comparando-as com as mulheres sábias que praticavam a medicina e a cura por meio de remédios caseiros na Idade Média e Moderna na Catalunha (sécs. XV-XVII). A segunda parte analisa o oficio das trementinas – mulheres que percorriam toda a Catalunha vendendo os unguentos medicinais que elas próprias preparavam (sécs.XIX-XX). Nos dois casos, se destaca a importância dos saberes femini- nos, a autoridade da mulher, o elemento mágico, a prática da relação, a importância da confiança e seus contrastes com o exercício da medicina masculina. Concluo destacando a recuperação dos saberes na atualidade em diferentes áreas de interesse.
Power System Transformation toward Renewables: An Evaluation of Regulatory Approaches for Network Expansion
Authors: Egerer Jonas , Rosellon Juan , Schill Wolf-Peter
Published: October 2014

We analyze various regulatory regimes for electricity transmission investment in the context of a power system transformation toward renewable energy. Distinctive developments of the generation mix are studied, assuming that a shift toward renewables may have temporary or permanent impacts on network congestion. We specifically analyze the relative performance of a combined merchant-regulatory price-cap mechanism, a cost-based rule, and a non-regulated approach in dynamic generation settings. We find that incentive regulation may perform better than cost-based regulation but only when appropriate weights are used. While quasi-ideal weights generally restore the beneficial properties that incentive regulatory mechanisms are well-known for, pure Laspeyres weights may either lead to over-investment or delayed investments as compared to the welfare-optimum benchmark. Laspeyres-Paasche weights, in turn, seem appropriate under permanently or temporarily increased network congestion. Thus, our analysis provides motivation for further research in order to characterize optimal regulation for transmission expansion in the context of renewable integration.
Where Have All the Scientific Data Gone? LIS Perspective on the Data-At-Risk Predicament
Authors: Thompson Cheryl A. , Davenport Robertson W. , Greenberg Jane
Published: October 2014

Scientists produce vast amounts of data that often are not preserved properly or do not have inventories, placing them at risk. As part of an effort to more fully understand the data-at-risk predicament, researchers who were engaged in the DARI project at UNC’s Metadata Research Center surveyed information custodians working in a range of settings. The survey collected information on the data characteristics and preservation plans. Forty-three information custodians completed the survey. The results indicate that at-risk data include a variety of formats, subject areas, and ownership status, as well as compliance with a variety of standards. Although a majority of respondents agree that data preservation is important, they caution that time is the greatest barrier to sharing these data. The study has implications for data rescue and for training information custodians.
Applicability of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Extended to the Consumer Use Context (UTAUT2) in Brazil: An Evaluation of the Model Using a Sample of Internet Users on Smartphones
Authors: Faria Luiz Henrique Lima , Giuliani Antônio Carlos , Pizzinatto Nadia Kassouf , Pizzinatto Andrea Kassouf
Published: October 2014

This study, using a sample of internet users on smartphones, analyzed through UTAUT2 model in order to test the validity of their constructs in Brazil. We sought to thereby expand the understanding of individual acceptance and use of technology in the context of consumption, evaluating a new model in Brazil. The results of this study revealed the impossibility of using some constructs the original model as predictors of intention and consumption behavior. Future studies that include a larger sample, analysis of other technologies and inclusion of moderating variables were suggested.
Apresentação da Construção dos Parâmetros à Aplicação do Modelo Conceitual Tridimensional de Performance Social de Carroll
Authors: Macêdo Nívea Marcela Marques Nascimento , Gadelha Maria Albenisa , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: October 2014

The social responsibility of the companies (SRC) is at the present time an important theme. It explores a new paper for the organizations addressed to the reach of the individual and collective interests of the ones that are part of the business and to your contributions for the construction of a more equal context for the societies. SRC should work considering the characteristics and needs of your stakeholders. In the current market, the companies have to act starting from the perceptions of the ones that are part of her and help to maintain your competitiveness. The model of Carroll (1979), that is one of the main theoretical approaches of SRC, discusses the paper and relevance of the stakeholders starting from practices of SRC in an organization. The results show the main features of each item of the model dimensions, whether in the legal, voluntary and discretionary categories, which allows the company to assess its results, diagnose opportunities and challenges and manage their weaknesses, manage their social activities so that stakeholders have an accurate understanding of reality and have their needs properly understood.
A Tough Anniversary Year
Authors: Roberson J. Alan
Published: October 2014

The 40th anniversary of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is on Dec. 16, 2014, and so far it's been a tough anniversary year for the drinking water community. From my point of view, the impacts on the drinking water community from several significant incidents in 2014 have ranged from heightened alertness and increased monitoring to do‐not‐drink and do‐not‐use orders for their customers. Roberson lists six significant drinking water incidents in 2014.
Modeling an Alternative Expression of Covered Interest Parity – in Inflation Targeting Economies of Emerging Asia
Authors: Ramanathan Suresh , Kwek Kian-Teng
Published: October 2014

We establish an alternative form of expressing the covered interest parity model that incorporates the onshore and offshore foreign exchange forward market of inflation targeting economies of Emerging Asia, which provides the ability to identify if there is the occurrence of covered interest parity in foreign exchange forward markets.