bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pastoraat as vertolking: Metaforiese teologie binne die konteks van 'n pastorale hermeneutiek
Authors: Louw D. J.
Published: June 2013

Pastoral care as hermeneutics: The function of metaphorical theology regarding pastoral counseling. A hermeneutics of pastoral care should be viewed as a theological issue. Hence the importance of God-language and the naming of God in pastoral care. The underlying assumption is that inappropriate images of God have a hampering effect on faith experiences. It is, therefore, impotant that a hermeneutics of pastoral care should probe into the meaning dimension of God-images in order to instil hope and foster spirituality. Four biblical metaphors are discussed: shephtrd, servant, paraclete and wisdom. Our choice, within the context of postmodernity, is for the metaphor "God as Friend". It conveys not only the compassion of God, but also the covenantal intimacy and faithfulness of God (God as a "Soul Friend" within "koinonia").
' n Prakties-teologiese begronding vir Gemeentebou as kommunikatiewe handeling in diens van die evangelie
Authors: An der Merwe J. C.
Published: June 2013

A practical theological foundation for church growth as communicative act in the service of the gospel. The aim of this article is to reflect on a pracical theological perspective on the theoretical premises of church growth. This is done within the framework of the postmodern paradigm. Church growth focuses on the analysis, description and explanation of the practical situations of congregations in order to enhance church management. The episttmological framework of this aricleis the distinction metatheory, basis theory and theory of practice. The focus is on the relationship between basis theory and the theory of the practice of church growth. The aricle departs from an approach where empirical data form the basis for the construction of a praxis for church growth. The author argues for a biblical foundation by means of which the empirical data should be evaluated in order to devise a model for praxis.
In Nuwe belydenisskrif vir die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika?
Authors: Van Wyk I. W.C.
Published: June 2013

A new confession for the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika? In this article the question is asked whether a new creed or confession is possible and in this point in time necessary. The answer is that there should always be room for new creeds and confessions. Although there might be many reasons for a new confession, the present time does not really seem to call for such a confession. But we must remain open for a new confession at any time. In the meantime we must actualise the old creeds and confessions, and we must consider subscibing to other Reformed confessions as well as confessions from this age that could be relevant and important to us.
' n Kerklik-akademiese portret van B J van der Merwe (1926-1968): Deel Een - student en predikant
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: June 2013

A pastoral-academical portrait of B J van der Merwe(1926-1968): Part one - student and minister. This first part deals with Van der Mervre's tertiary education, his year as church minister, as well as his preparation and study as doctoral student at the University of Groningen, Netherlands. The inluence of Van Selms, Cemserand Vriezen is discussed, as well as his first publications and his doctoral thesis.
Histoiese Jesus-navorsing en evangelisasie
Authors: Schutte P. J.W.
Published: June 2013

Historical Jesus research and the church's vision of evangelism. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the research results of one subject in the theological curriculum could be used in other subjects as well. In this article the results of historical Jesus research are used to facilitate a reinterpretation of the churchfs vision of evangelism. The article focuses on Jesus, subversion of conventional, cultural values, his pneumatic existence and his interaction with outcasts and elite alike. This interacion implies a redefinition of purity regulations. Specifically, the aricle elaborates on the work of Marcus Borg and Andries van Aarde as Jesus researchers. The implicaion for evangelism of Jesus' subversion of convenional values is that evangelism should not have the aim to socialize people into exising cultural paterns or values under preense of communicaing the gospel message. Evangelism should not be coercive but should rather be an invitaion to share a spiritual life. The essence of the church's message should be that all people have equal, direct and immediate access to God.
Matthew 27:45-53 as the turning of the tide in Israel's history
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: June 2013

Matthew considers both the fall of Jerusalem /the Temple and the coming of the Son of Man as Being anticipated in the crucifixion/resurrection of Jesus. This article argues that Matthew places these two events within his desciption of the history of Israel, that the events are revealed in Scipture, and that the peiod of the First Testament should not be viewed as concluded time. It is also argued that the so-called tension between "imminence" and "indeterminate future" must be understood from first-century Mediterraneans' perspective on time; that the key of Matthew's understanding of time is to befound in discerning what is called the turning of the tide; and, finally, that Matthew 27:45-54 is located where, within that discourse in the plot of Matthew, this "eschatotogical turning of time" is reported.
Prof dr J H Koekemoer as kerkman en akademikus
Authors: Van der Merwe P. J.
Published: June 2013

Prof Dr J H Koekemoer in service of church and university. Prof Johannes Hendrik Koekemoer's career as minister of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk started in 1960. In 1989 he became a full member and in 1992 Dean of the Faculty of Theology (Section A), Universiteit of Pretoria. This second part of his career ended on 31 December 1999 when he retired. He played a major role in the restructuring and amalgamation of the Faculty of Theology. The article reviews his work and contribution in both fields of church and university.
Homiletiese releksie - 1 Korintiërs 15:1-20
Authors: Dreyer T. F.J.
Published: June 2013

Daar is antieke verhale bekend wat vertel van persone wat opgewek is en herleef het. In die Grieks-Romeinse wereld is daar byvoorbeeld die verhaal van Herakles, die seun van Zeus. Op grond van sy lee graf en opstanding is hy as godeseun aangeneem. Ons beskou sulke verhale egter as mites omdat dit geen historiese werklikheidbegronding het nie. Dit is pogings om aan mense goddelike eienskappe toe te dig.
Die morele genesing van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing: Die bydrae van die Afrikaanse kerke
Authors: De Villiers Etienne
Published: June 2013

The moral healing of the South African society: the contribution of the Afrikaans churches. In this article an attempt is made to determine the potential contribution of the Afrikaans churches to the moral healing of the South African society. In order to do this an analysis is first of all made of the characteristics, as well as the causes, of the present moral crisis we are experiencing in South Africa. In the light of the multifaceted nature of the moral crisis and its causes, a multifaceted approach by the Afrikaans churches is recommended. Note is also taken of the unique position of the Afrikaans churches and the limitations and challenges which this position entails.
Evolutionary biology as a link between religion and knowledge
Authors: Du Toit C. W.
Published: June 2013

It would appear that the epistemological tradition of the West is culminating in the present science-religion debate. The evolutionary model is being used increasingly in different disciplines as a guideline to understand humans and their action in the world. The struggle for explaining the action of God has shifted from the world of history and texts to the invisible level of quantum physics and molecular biology. It seems that levels of indeterminacy in quantum mechanics and autopoietic systems offer space to explain the action of God. On the human level integrity is sought by linking the highest level of consciousness and rationality to the very basic level of molecular and genetic structures. These issues are dealt with and specific attention is given to autopoietic systems and the biological roots of rationality.
The relationship between the Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Afrika and the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika in the new South Afrika: co-existence or merger?1
Authors: Manala M. J.
Published: June 2013

The article points out that the debate on churck unity cannot be confuted to either a spiritual or structural perspective. It is argued that the church, both risible and invisible, is a given reality. Racially based beliefs are identified as the cause of the separate existence of the NHKA and the HKSA. It is indicated that the true and tenable foundation for the church's mission work and ecclesiastical organisation is the love of God, which makes possible true Christian fellowship, service and witness. Ater pointing to developments in the enpnatien between the two churches, on which structural unity can be built, the aticle makes a strong call for a merger of the two churches in the new South Afica for the sake of positive witness to Christ's mission in the world.
Vrou as beeld van God, Deel 1: 'n Historiese ondersoek - Vanaf Genesis tot die Middeleeue
Authors: Dreyer Yolanda
Published: June 2013

Woman created in the image of God, Part 1: a historical investigation - from Genesis to the Middle Ages. This study indicates that the traditions in the Pentateuch, especially the creation traditions, implied the egalitarian status of man and woman as image of God. The context of this traditions, however, was patriarchal and thus opened the possibility of the exploitation of women. Though Genesis 1:27 does not specifically attest to the asymmetry between man and woman in patriarchal society, the fate of women in general was bound up with the presentation of God as a male creator. The implications of this presentation can be clearly seen in texts of the intertestamental period. The study points out the degree to which Philo's view of a hierarchy concerning man and woman as immanent to God's order of creation, strongly influenced Christian thought on the place of women. Since the "fall of woman" necessitates a "soteriology", women in general are portrayed negatively in patristic texts. Mary is seen as the positive counterpart of Eve. The image of women then becomes that of submission on account of their alienation from God. The article concludes with the view of Thomas Aquinas that the subservience of slaves is less than that of women, because in their case it is not an order of creation.
The institutionalization of Jesus' charismatic authority, Part 1: Indirect Christology - direct Christology1
Authors: Dreyer Yolanda , Van Aarde Andries
Published: June 2013

This study concerns an investigation of the evolution of the Jesus tradition. Christological titles are studied in terms of the social theory of the institutionalization of charismatic authority. It makes use of Anthony Thiselton's and Bengt Holmberg's application of Max Weber's social theory. It is argued that the followers of Jesus acknowledged and expressed his authority by means of naming. These "names" developed into "titles" when the post-Easter followers of Jesus allocated power to him. The process of the institutionalization of Jesus' charismatic authority relates to the transmission from the oral tradition of Jesus' sayings and deeds to the written evidence. The article emphasizes the work done by the Jesus Seminar. The following "rules of written evidence" are considered: clustering and contexting; revision and commentary; false attribution; difficult sayings and the process of christianising. In Part 2 of the study, Weber,s social theory is applied to the Christological title "Son of Man".
Is daar 'n Afrikaanse filosofiese tradisie?1
Authors: Duvenage Pieter
Published: June 2013

Is there an Afrikaans philosophical tradition? This article asks whether there is an Afrikaans philosophical tradition. The answer to this question is a qualified no, but it is nevertheless argued that there is something like an Afrikaans philosophical approach. In the first part a reading is provided of A H Murray's idealistic interpretation of Afrikaans philosophy (1947) and more specifically his discussion of the theological, educational and political traditions that influenced Afrikaans philosophy. Murray's idealistic approach is criticized via a dialectical, material and historical reconstruction of the institutionalization of philosophy as a field of study in the context of colonialism (part 2). Against this background it is argued that British Idealism was a major influence on the philosophers who started philosophy as an academic subject at the four founding residential universities in South Africa (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Wits and Pretoria). In section three the reaction of Afrikaans philosophers against British Idealism is discussed. In the final part of the paper some questions are posed regarding the possible role of Afrikaans philosophy in the post-1994public sphere of South Africa.
Twee versoenbare konstrukte in resente historiese Jesus-navorsing, Deel II: Andries van Aarde1
Authors: Van Wyk D. J.C. , Van Aarde Andries
Published: June 2013

Two compatible constructs in current historical Jesus re-search, Part II: Andries van Aarde. In Part I, John Dominic Crossan's proile of the historical Jesus was discussed. This article focuses on Andries van Aarde's view. According to Van Aarde, Joseph the father of Jesus should historically be seen as a legendary figure and that Jesus grew up fatherless. The stories of Jesus, virginal conception are myths. However, they reflected an historical context of the separation between the post-Easter synogogical movement and the Jesus movement. The article also discusses Van Aarde's view on the resurrection narratives, the contininuity and discontininuity between Jesus, and earliest Christianity and his view on canon and dogma. It concludes with a comparison between Corssan,s and Van Aarde's perspectives.
The "cause of Jesus" (Sache Jesu) as the Canon behind the Canon
Authors: Van Aarde Andries G.
Published: June 2013

God, and not the Bible as such, is the church's primary authority. Jesus of Nazareth is the manifestation of God in history. In a post-Aufkllirung environment one cannot escape the demand to think historically. To discern what could be seen as the "ground" offaith, one needs to distinguish the "proclaiming Jesus" from the "proclaimed Jesus", though these two aspects are dialectically intertwined. This dialeclic can be described as the "Jesus kerygma" or the "cause of Jesus". The aim of this article is to argue that if Christians focus only on the church's kerygma they base their ultimate trust upon assertions of faith, rather than upon the cause of faith. The dictum that the cause of Jesus is the canon behind the canon is explained in terms of the distinction between ''fides qua creditur" and "fides quae creditur", and postmodern historical Jesus research.
Die Jesus van die geskiedenis: Hermeneutiese uitgangspunte in die ondersoek van J P Meier
Authors: Geyser P. A.
Published: June 2013

The Jesus of history: Hermeneutic premises in the research of JP Meier. The aim of this article is to reflect on the hermeneutical premises in the historical Jesus research of JP Meier. Of the intended three volumes two of Meier's books on Jesus have been published: A marginal Jew: Rethinking the historical Jesus, Volt: The roots of the problem and the person (1991); Vo12: Mentor, message, and miracles (1994). The article is structured along the following lines: first, Meier's points of departure are discussed according to certain hermeneutical criteria; second, Meier's views on the importance of historical Jesus research, the sources that he utilizes, and the criteria for historical discernment are discussed. A critical assesment of Meier's Jesus profile will be discussed in another article.
Radiokooistofdatering en teoiogiese refleksie
Authors: Botha Pieter J.J.
Published: June 2013

Radio-carbon dating and theological reflection. A brief description of radio-carbon and its implications serves as the context for a plea to extensively and radically revise "orthodox" Reformed theological discourse as practised in South Africa. Faith within a worldview determined by the atomic hypothesis is briefly explored by emphasising God-talk as moral discourse.
The mystery of the missing core in Pauline theology: The case for a multi-dimensional interpretation with reference to J H Roberts and J C Beker
Authors: Loubser J. A.
Published: June 2013

This article analyses features concerning the search for a centre for Pauline theology and indicates why such an endeavour is better carried out within the context of multi-dimensional scriptural exegesis. The text theory used for this purpose is that of A J Greimas as developed by D Patte and originally elaborated by the author of this article (J A Loubser).
Paraatmaking teen immoraliteit in 'n postmodernistiese samelewing: 'n Hermeneuse van 2 Petrus 1:12-15
Authors: Breed Douw G. , Van Rensburg Fika J.
Published: June 2013

Preparing against immorality in a postmodern society: A her-meneusis of 2 Peter 1:12-15. Under the influence of postmodernism the moral autonomy of man is at present strongly accentuated and society more and more evinces the characteristics of this perspective. This article on 2 Peter 1:12-15 argues that it is important to make believer!' aware of the consequences of an immoral lifestyle and to prepare them against it. Believers must be equipped with fresh and clear knowledge of the teachings of the apostles. In these teachings the believers possess authoritative guidance that will help them to distinguish between true and false teachers of Jesus Christ and that will lead them to sanctification. The teachings of the apostles will also teach them to call lovingly upon other people to live a life true to God and one that speaks of high moral values and self control.
Apokaliptiek en eskatologie: Die verband en onderskeid volgens WaIter Schmithals
Authors: Boshoff Piet B.
Published: June 2013

The relation between apocalyptics and eschatology according to Waiter Schmithals. The article unfolds the development from the apocalyptic view of life to the eschatologicalone, as seen by Waiter Schmithals.The historical Jesus was part of the apocalyptic movement The message of the early church acknowledges the expectation of the apocalyptic movement but recognizes a specific fulfilment thereof.
Socio-rhetorical interpretation: Theoretical points of departure
Authors: Van Eck Ernest
Published: June 2013

In the past two decades, narrative criticism (narratology) and social-scientific criticism have come to the fore as the two most prominent new methodologies to be associated with gospel research. When these two methodologies are integrated in the reading of biblical texts, this is now referred to as "socio-rhetorical interpretation". This article departs from a specific understanding of what is meant by a narratological reading of a text on the one hand and, on the other hand, by a social-scientific interpretation of biblical texts, in order to propose a working definition of a socio-rhetorical analysis of texts.
A model NOT to be imitated?: Recent criticisms of Paul
Authors: Strijdom Johan
Published: June 2013

In this article recent criticisms of Paul are summarised under the headings of ethnicity (Mack), social class (Theissen), gender (Wire) and homoeroticism (Nissinen). Horsley's positive appraisal of Paul's anti-imperial stance is  also surveyed. These views are introduced by means of the concept of imitation as a category of social ethics in Paul, the article, concludes with a statement on the morality of reading.
Postmoderniteit: Krisis of uitdaging? Die rol van teoloe se Skritbeskouing
Authors: Malan Gert
Published: June 2013

Postmodernity: Crisis or challenge? An examination of the role played by the way Scripture is viewed. Theologians see the postmodern era either as a crisis or a challenge, depending on their view of Scripture and on the roots of the postmodern era. This is illustrated by contrasting the views of Johan Janse van Rensburg and Andries van Aarde. The view of Johan Janse van Rensburg is described as "foundationalist". According to this view, science is viewed as only being possible when built on indubitable facts. As the philosophies of the modern era are questioned by those of the postmodern era, the "foundationalist" view of Scripture experiences the new era as a crisis.  Andries van Aarde sees postmodernity as a positive challenge to the church. This optimism is founded on a view of Scripture that can withstand the scrutiny of the postmodern era built on the insights of Jacques Derrida. In order for the church and theology to take up the demands of the new era, this article hopes to prompt the on the view of Scripture.
"Omdat en zoals het in de Bijbel staat''
Authors: Bos Gys
Published: June 2013

"Because of and exacty as it is written in the Bible". This aricle discusses the theological views of J H Gunning jr. (1829-1905), an influenial proponent of n'neteenth-century Dutch "ethical theology". It focuses on Gunning's lecture "Discipelen des Woords" ("Disciples of the Word"), presented 'n 1883 at the University of Amsterdam. In the same year a brochure with the same title was published. This article addresses issues such as theology asa scienific enerprise attached to Scipture, value Judgements 'n dialogue with Scipture, the credibility of the Bible as Word of God, Jesus Christ's incarnation,and Jesus Christ's kingship. The article concludes with a reflection on the inadequacies of both liberal and orthodox theology in tight of the distinctive characterisics of the Protestant tradition. According to Gunning, the"kingly work" of God quallies the Protestant character of the church as absolutely and continually dependent on Jesus Christ as the head of the church.
Die teologiese agtergronde van die Voortrekkergelofte (1838)
Authors: Raath A. W.G.
Published: June 2013

The theological background of the Voortrekker Vow (1838). An investigation into the theological background of the Voortrekker Vow of 1838 bings to light interesing perspectives on the sources that had an influence on the coming into existence of the Vow and its meaning. The preparatory research done by Prof A D Pont emphasises the fact that the Vow was exclusively based on sources from the Dutch Second Reformation. The understanding of its theological background can largely be traced to the work of Wilhelmus à Brakel. This was, however, not the only influential source dealing with vows of this nature and the body of the Vow cannot exclusively be understood from the work of Brakel alone. In this article several other authors from the Dutch Second Reformation who were also drawn upon for theformulaion ofthe contents of the Vow are identified. An analysis of the histoical and theological sources rom which the Vow originated, enables us to give a definiion of this vow in paricular.
A service model for diakonia in the Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Afrika1
Authors: Manala M. J. , Dreyer T. F.J.
Published: June 2013

This aticle reflects on the ecclesial position of the diakonia within the Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Arika. The body-of-Chist model is postulated as the basis for a pracical theological theory. Koinonia is depicted as a linchpin for Christian caring and sharing towards which, if made aware of its role in poverty alleviation, it would make a meaningful contribuion. Ways and means of raising awareness are discussed, ater which relevant resources for practical service provision are identified and discussed. The establishment of small groups and the engagement  of women and youth groups are cited as enabling actions in respect of the meaningful provision of benevolent and development services. It is then suggested that the church start, register and run development projects in co-operaion with the welfare department, business, development agencies and ecumenicalriends.
Millennialisme, eskatologie en apokaliptiek1<Sup.
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: June 2013

Millennialism, eschatology, and apocalypticism. This aricle consists of four parts. Firstly, it describes briefly and elementarily the origins of millennialism as it manifested in the history of theoligy. Secondly, it reflects on some of the new and challenging ways New Testament scholars nowadays study eschatology and apocalypticism from a social-scientific perspecive on the conception of time in the first-century Mediterranean world and from the cultural psychological perspective on altered states of consciousness. Thirdly, the articile aims at applying the social-political results of the study to the interpretation of the expression "one thousand year reign" in Revelation 20:1-10.
Die leierskap van die Jerusalem-kerk as weldoeners tydens die ontmoeting met Paulus: Galasiers 2:10 en antieke Joodse resiprositeit
Authors: Joubert Stephan
Published: June 2013

The leadership of the Jerusalem church as benefactors at the meeting with Paul: Galatians 2:10 and ancient Jewish reciprocity. From the perspective of Jewish reciprocity, the leadership of the Jerusalem church bestowed an important beneit on Paul at their meeting in the year 48 by recognising the contents of his gospel. This benefit placed Paul under the obligation to respond with a suitable beneit of his own as proof of his gratitude. The Jerusalem leadership indicated what an adequate response to their beneit would entail: a caritative undertaking to help solve the plight of the poor in their midst. In the same vein as Seneca in De Beneficiis, Paid now presents himself in Galatians 2:10 as the "ideal beneiciary" within this reciprocal relationship with Jerusalem. He knows how to show his gratitude in public and how to repay his debts to his benefactors.
Genesis 14 - 'n redaksie-kritiese ondersoek
Authors: Stoltz Gerhard P.J. , Breytenbach A. P.B.
Published: June 2013

Genesis 14 - a redactio-critical analysis. This article focuses on Gen 14 as part of the Abraham narrative in Gen 12-25. Extant research showed that the form, style, and literary character of the chapter are not in congruence with the rest of the Abraham cycle. There are however, features that correspond well with other literary cycles in the Hebrew Bible, especially with Deuteronomistic literature. The consensus amongst scholars is that Gen 14 was originally not part of the Abraham cycle. The aim of this article is to argue from a redactiocritical perspective that Gen 14 should be regarded as an insertion in the Abraham narrative. The article concludes with a discussion ofthe socio-historical factors that played a role at the time of the interpolaion.
Die funksie van die toga as liturgiese simbool in die Protestantse tradisie - 'n kwantitatief- empiriese ondersoek1
Authors: Roets P. J.
Published: June 2013

The communication of the robe as liturgical symbol in the Protestant tradition - a quantitative empirical research. Liturgical symbols, amongst others the robe, are being put under suspicion by many members and theologians of Protestant churches. Do these liturgical symbols impede the communication of the word of God or does the robe, inter alia, contribute to the communication of the gospel, which is the nucleus of Protestant public worship? By means of a quantitive empirical research within the discipline of Pracical Theology, this article aims to establish the theological meaning and function of the robe as a liturgical symbol.
Choice of speciality amongst first-year medical students in the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Azu Onyemaechi O. , Naidu Edwin , Naidu Jesse
Published: June 2013

Background: Trends in career choice amongst medical graduates have considerable implications for the percentage of the workforce available for training.Objective: To investigate and review factors affecting career choice by undergraduate firstyearmedical students.Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a closed-ended, semi-structured surveyinstrument. Two hundred and four questionnaires were administered to all first-year medical students at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine in the first term of the 2012 academic session.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 167 out of 204 students (81.8% response rate). Most of the respondents were South Africans (91%) and blacks (72%), with a higher proportion of women to men (2:1). The majority (86%) intended to undertake their postgraduate training in surgical specialties (53%), general surgery (50%) and cardiology (46%). Few were interested in an academic career in basic sciences (27.6%), either because they were not interested in research and/or teaching (48%), not clinically-orientated (20%), or found it to be an unattractive choice (12.3%). The top perceived career-related factors favouring choice of speciality were personal interest and benefits to patients as many (83%) respondents still viewed the medical profession as having a bright future in South Africa.Conclusions: Our study highlighted the fact that self and patient interests were strong determinants of speciality choices by the students and the role of parents and practice inrural areas were considered least as potential influencing factors. This would appear to be a good indicator that the healthcare sector may be boosted in the future by doctors who are wholeheartedly committed to the service of the communities with the greatest disease burden.
The ability of second graders to identify solids in different positions and to justify their answer
Authors: Sarfaty Yael , Patkin Dorit
Published: June 2013

From a young age children feel the need to identify two-dimensional geometric figures (shapes) and three-dimensional geometric figures (solids). The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics indicates the importance of being able to identify and name various geometric figures by kindergarten age. One of the objectives of this study was to learn the ability of second graders to identify examples and non-examples of three generally known solids: cylinder, cone and pyramid, and to justify their identification based on the attributes (critical and non-critical) of those solids. Another objective was to find out whether changing the position of the solids would result in those children maintaining their decisions regarding the name or changing their identification of the solids, giving arguments accordingly. Findings of this study illustrate that children can identify and characterise solids presented to them in a typical position. However, they find it difficult to correctly identify the same solids in another position. An interesting finding was that most of the arguments given to justify their identification were based on the specific attributes of the solid rather than on the perception of the solids in general. Findings of the present study suggest that it is highly important for learners to be acquainted with a variety of both non-examples and examples of solids. Moreover, it is recommended that solids are presented to learners not only in the typical position, in order to improve their ability to identify them and understand that the name of the figure does not change when its position changes.
The experience of women in male-dominated occupations: A constructivist grounded theory inquiry
Authors: Martin Phiona , Barnard Antoni
Published: June 2013

Orientation: Women in male-dominated occupations face unique challenges and use distinct coping strategies affecting their motivation and retention in these occupations.Research purpose: The purpose was to explore the experiences of women working in maledominated occupations to clarify the challenges they face and identify coping strategies that enable them to continue on their career paths.Motivation for the study: Many women who choose male-dominated careers soon change in favour of more female-dominated or gender-balanced career paths. An understanding of women’s experiences may facilitate strategies geared towards their motivation and retention in male-dominated occupations.Research design, approach and method: The authors conducted this exploratory qualitative study from a constructivist grounded theory perspective. They used a purposive sample of five women and conducted in-depth unstructured interviews. They analysed data using a constructivist grounded theory methodology.Main findings: The authors found that formal and covert organisational practices, which upheld gender discrimination and bias, were the main challenges that women face. These practices included the inadequate accommodation of women’s unique physical, identity and work-life balance needs. Elements of women’s resilience included the use of femininity, adopting male characteristics, mentorship and intrinsic motivational factors. Practical/managerial implications: The findings may guide organisations to develop and implement policies, strategies and initiatives geared towards attracting, integrating, retaining, supporting and motivating women who are, or wish to be, employed in historically maledominated occupations.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to an evolving body of knowledge aimed at understanding how to integrate and retain women in male-dominated occupations better.
The pre-history of quantum computation
Authors: Potgieter P. H.
Published: June 2013

The main ideas behind developments in the theory and technology of quantum computation were formulated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by two physicists in the West and a mathematician in the former Soviet Union. It is not generally known in the West that the subject has roots in the Russian technical literature. The idea, as propagated by Benioff and (especially) Feynman, is reviewed along with the proposition of a foundation for this kind of computation by Manin in the Russian literature. The author hopes to present as impartial a synthesis as possible of the early history of thought on this subject. The role of reversible and irreversible computational processes will be examined brieﬂy as it relates to the origins of quantum computing and the so-called Information Paradox in physics. Information theory and physics, as this paradox shows, have much to communicate to each other.
The use of a rheological technique in the determination of the curing kinetics of a reactive polyester powder coating
Authors: Vorster O. C. , Halasz L.
Published: June 2013

In this article a study of the curing process of carboxyl terminated polyester-triglycidyl isocyanurate systems is reported. A comparison is made between the generally used Differential Scanning Calorimetric methods and rheokinetic methods, using a parallel plate oscillating stress rheometer. Gel times were determined and scaling exponents calculated. A new method for the estimation of the extent of reaction is presented and compared with results obtained by means of differential scanning calorimetry
The impact of tutorials on achievement in mathematics of first year students
Authors: Maree J. G. , Louw C. J. , Millard S.
Published: June 2013

Historically disadvantaged students in South Africa often underachieve in mathematics due to a number of factors. Action research that was conducted at the (former) Technikon Northern Gauteng to investigate ways in which these students’ achievements in mathematics could be improved comprised the implementation of tutorial sessions. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered by means of a variety of instruments. The results revealed certain trends in tertiary mathematics education where learning takes place in a second or third language.
The plant family Asteraceae: 6. The subfamily Asteroideae.
Authors: Herman P. P.J.
Published: June 2013

The tribes of the subfamily Asteroideae are described in this article. Genera belonging to the different tribes are  listed and their distribution given.
Probiotics: diet supplements of live, non-pathogenic micro-organisms
Authors: Viljoen M. , Johannsen E. , Panzer A.
Published: June 2013

More than four hundred species of different commensal micro-organisms exist on human mucosal surfaces. The relationship between these micro-organisms and their human host varies from saprophitic, to parasitic, to symbiotic. Two of the most important groups of the beneficial symbiotic bacteria resort under the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are found in the small intestine and colon, respectively. Loss or disturbance of the normal mucosal microflora may contribute to health problems (e.g. diarrhoea and food allergies), and the therapeutic or prophylactic supplementation of the normal flora is of value in certain gastrointestinal and immunological disturbances. Probiotics are diet supplements which consist of live non-pathogenic micro-organisms, which occur naturally in the gastrointestinal tract and which improve intestinal functions, the microbiological balance, as well as general health when ingested in sufficient quantities. This article discusses mechanisms by which probiotics can enhance the internal milieu, and provides a short summary of important clinical trials on the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of probiotics, as well as possible side-effects. The tremendous increase in research on the topic of natural microflora and probiotics is prompted partially through the commercial potential of probiotics, of which many different types are already commercially available. The article concludes with guidelines for the control of the production and distribution of probiotics as stated by the World Health Organisation and as suggested in South Africa.
Opsommings van geselekteerde referate gelewer tydens die S.A. Akademie vir Wetenskap
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2013

Geen abstrak.
Web service for thematic cartography
Authors: Rautenbach Victoria
Published: June 2013

The  goal  of  the  research  is  to  evaluate  proprietary software and solutions suggested by other researchers for the implementation of a mechanism for the production of thematic maps on desktop and web applications, as well as the thematic cartographic ability of standard web service implementations.
A Southeast Atlantic deep‐ocean observatory: first experiences and results
Authors: Vardaro Michael F. , Bagley Philip M. , Bailey David M. , Bett Brian J. , Jones Daniel O. B. , Milligan Rosanna J. , Priede Imants G. , Risien Craig M. , Rowe Gilbert T. , Ruhl Henry A. , Sangolay Bomba B. , Smith, Kenneth L. , Walls Anne , Clarke Jim
Published: June 2013

The DELOS (Deep‐ocean Environmental Long‐term Observatory System) project is a long‐term research program focused on understanding the impacts of oil and gas extraction on deep‐sea ecosystems. We have installed two seafloor observation platforms, populated with ROV‐serviced sensor modules, at 1400 m water depth in the Southeast Atlantic off the coast of Angola. The ‘impact’ Near‐Field platform is located 50 m from subsea oil production facilities. The ‘control’ Far‐Field platform is 16 km distant from any industry seafloor activity. Each platform includes oceanographic, acoustic, and camera sensor modules. The latter carries two still cameras providing close‐up and wide‐angle views of the seabed. The Far‐Field platform is also equipped with a sediment trap that deploys to 100 m above the seafloor. The instrumented platforms were installed in Feb 2009, and the sensor modules subsequently serviced in Aug 2009, Feb 2010, and Aug 2010. Here, we report on our first experiences of operating the observatories and present some of the first data. The oceanographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration) and biological observations (demersal fish and benthic invertebrates) suggest that the two study sites have near identical environmental characteristics. We, therefore, believe that these sites are appropriate as control and impact locations for long‐term monitoring of potential anthropogenic effects referenced to natural background environmental variation. We suggest that DELOS‐type observatories, particularly operated as pairs (or in networks), are a highly effective means of appropriately monitoring deep‐water resource exploitation—both hydrocarbon extraction and mineral mining.
Semi-continuous measurements of gas/particle partitioning of organic acids in a ponderosa pine forest using a MOVI-HRToF-CIMS
Authors: Yatavelli R. L. N. , Stark H. , Thompson S. L. , Kimmel J. R. , Cubison M. J. , Day D. A. , Campuzano-Jost P. , Palm B. B. , Thornton J. A. , Jayne J. T. , Worsnop D. R. , Jimenez J. L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Hundreds of gas and particle phase organic acids were measured in a rural ponderosa pine forest in Colorado, USA, during the Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen – Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study (BEACHON-RoMBAS). A recently developed Micro-Orifice Volatilization Impactor High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (MOVI-HRToF-CIMS) using acetate (CH3C(O)O-) as the reagent ion was used to selectively ionize and detect acids semi-continuously from 20–30 August 2011, with a measurement time resolution of ~1.5 h. At this site 98% of the organic acid mass is estimated to be in the gas-phase, with only ~2% in the particle phase. We investigated gas/particle partitioning, quantified as the fraction in the particle phase (Fp), of C1–C18 alkanoic acids, six known terpenoic acids and total bulk organic acids. Data were compared to the absorptive partitioning model and suggest that bulk organic acids at this site follow absorptive partitioning to the organic aerosol mass. The rapid response (<1–2 h) of partitioning to temperature changes for bulk acids suggests that kinetic limitations to equilibrium are minor, which is in contrast to conclusions of some recent laboratory and field studies, possibly due to lack of very low ambient relative humidities at this site. Time trends for partitioning of individual and groups of acids were mostly captured by the model, with varying degrees of absolute agreement. Species with predicted substantial fractions in both the gas and particle phases show better absolute agreement, while species with very low predicted fractions in one phase often show agreement on trends, but poor absolute agreement, potentially due to thermal decomposition, inlet adsorption, or other issues. Based on measurement-model comparison we conclude that species carbon number and oxygen content, together with ambient temperature control the volatility of organic acids and are good predictors for partitioning. Partitioning of bulk acids is more consistent with model predictions for hydroxyacids, hydroperoxyacids, or polyacids, and less so for ketoacids.
The impact of global warming on seasonality of ocean primary production
Authors: Henson S. , Cole H. , Beaulieu C. , Yool A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The seasonal cycle (i.e. phenology) of oceanic primary production (PP) is expected to change in response to climate warming. Here, we use output from 6 global biogeochemical models to examine the response in the seasonal amplitude of PP and timing of peak PP to the IPCC AR5 warming scenario. We also investigate whether trends in PP phenology may be more rapidly detectable than trends in annual mean PP. The seasonal amplitude of PP decreases by an average of 1–2% per year by 2100 in most biomes, with the exception of the Arctic which sees an increase of ~1% per year. This is accompanied by an advance in the timing of peak PP by ~0.5–1 months by 2100 over much of the globe, and particularly pronounced in the Arctic. These changes are driven by an increase in seasonal amplitude of sea surface temperature (where the maxima get hotter faster than the minima) and a decrease in the seasonal amplitude of the mixed layer depth and surface nitrate concentration. Our results indicate a transformation of currently strongly seasonal (bloom forming) regions, typically found at high latitudes, into weakly seasonal (non-bloom) regions, characteristic of contemporary subtropical conditions. On average, 36 yr of data are needed to detect a climate-change-driven trend in the seasonal amplitude of PP, compared to 32 yr for mean annual PP. Monthly resolution model output is found to be inadequate for resolving phenological changes. We conclude that analysis of phytoplankton seasonality is not necessarily a shortcut to detecting climate change impacts on ocean productivity.
Methane fluxes measured by eddy covariance and static chamber techniques at a temperate forest in central Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wang J. M. , Murphy J. G. , Geddes J. A. , Winsborough C. L. , Basiliko N. , Thomas S. C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Methane flux measurements were carried out at a temperate forest (Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve) in central Ontario (45°17´11´´ N, 78°32´19´´ W) from June to October 2011. Continuous measurements were made by an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer that measures methane (CH4) at 10 Hz sampling rates. Fluxes were calculated from the gas measurements in conjunction with wind data collected by a 3-D sonic anemometer using the eddy covariance (EC) method. Observed methane fluxes showed net uptake of CH4 over the measurement period with an average uptake flux (±standard deviation of the mean) of −2.7 ± 0.13 nmol m−2 s−1. Methane fluxes showed a seasonal progression with average rates of uptake increasing from June through September and remaining high in October. This pattern was consistent with a decreasing trend in soil moisture content at the monthly timescale. On the diurnal timescale, there was evidence of increased uptake during the day, when the mid-canopy wind speed was at a maximum. These patterns suggest that substrate supply of CH4 to methanotrophs, and in certain cases hypoxic soil conditions supporting methanogenesis in low-slope areas, drives the observed variability in fluxes. A network of soil static chambers used at the tower site showed reasonable agreement with the seasonal trend and overall magnitude of the eddy covariance flux measurements. This suggests that soil-level microbial processes, and not abiological leaf-level CH4 production, drive overall CH4 dynamics in temperate forest ecosystems such as Haliburton Forest.
Seemingly divergent sea surface temperature proxy records in the central Mediterranean during the last deglaciation
Authors: Sicre M.-A. , Siani G. , Genty D. , Kallel N. , Essallami L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were reconstructed over the last 25 000 yr using alkenone paleothermometry and planktonic foraminifera assemblages from two cores of the central Mediterranean Sea: the MD04-2797 core (Siculo–Tunisian channel) and the MD90-917 core (South Adriatic Sea). Comparison of the centennial scale structure of the two temperature signals during the last deglaciation period reveals significant differences in timing and amplitude. We suggest that seasonal changes likely account for seemingly proxy record divergences during abrupt transitions from glacial to interglacial climates and for the apparent short duration of the Younger Dryas (YD) depicted by the alkenone time series, a feature that has already been stressed in earlier studies on the Mediterranean deglaciation.