bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical Support for Professional Development of Officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Kupavtsev Timofei Sergeevich , Moiseenko Andrei Andreevich , Struganov Sergei Mikhaylovich , Kosolapov Alexei Dmitrievich , Mironkina Oksana Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

The system of professional training of officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is meant to ensure the competence of a specialist and his high professional readiness for implementing the law-enforcement functions by means of a deep theoretical training, practical orientation of the training process, and introduction of students to values of the profession. The primary focus is on the formation of students’ competencies at all levels, which act as an important guide for organizing the activities of managers and teachers, as well as the desired result of mastering the content of education, which is shown in the ability to apply variably formed knowledge and skills depending on the situation. Professional readiness, in addition to the accumulated competencies and practical experience in their application, includes a personal component that characterizes the officer’s attitude towards the processes and phenomena, formed through the perception of professionally and personally important information, understanding of an environmental context, development of his attitude towards the phenomena of society in the process of the reflexive activity. The teacher’s function is transformed from an active translator of professionally significant information into a subject supporting accumulation of the personal experience in a planned person-centered environment that provides for a partner model of cooperation and reflexivity of relations between the subjects of joint activity. The goal of the research is to analyze the methodological basis of the process of professional becoming of officers from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and to identify significant characteristics of the process of planning the educational environment based on pedagogical support in the formation of personal experience. Such methods as a comparative analysis of methodological approaches in organizing the person-centered education, the study of independent characteristics, search of static information, method of expert assessment were applied. The methodological approaches in organizing the professional becoming of a specialist have been studied, the role of pedagogical support in the professional becoming of a specialist has been substantiated; the relations between the effectiveness of professional development and organization of pedagogical support of this process have been detected.
Vandalism as delinquent behavior: Russian and Brazilian experience
Authors: Kruzhkova Olga Vladimirovna , Vorobyova Irina Vladimirovna , Plotskaya Anastasiya
Published: May 2021

The study of vandalism is a topical scientific problem. Except for the scientific interest, wide expansion of destructive activity towards the material environment of a modern city suggests study of legal regulation of vandalism. The goal of the article is to find the national specific character of legal representation and regulation of vandal activity of citizens from Russia and Brazil that has been chosen for a comparative analysis due to the high concentration of vandal damages in Brazilian cities. To achieve this goal, we carried out an analysis of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, The Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences and the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Brazil, Law 9.605, Law 12.408, Law 2.848 of the Federal Republic of Brazil, etc. The use of the comparative-legal method contributed to the identification of the qualification of vandalism signs as delinquent behavior. We conduct an analysis of the scientific literature describing the basics of understanding vandal behavior and its legal regulation. Also the statistical data of recent years on the law enforcement practice in relation to vandalism were analyzed. The cultural specificity of vandal activity in Russia and Brazil has distinct features in the legal regulation of this type of delinquent behavior. Brazilian experience in decriminalizing graffiti shows that this approach enables the reduction of the load on the judiciary system. In Russia and Brazil, they actively discuss the declaring of graffiti and illegal street art as a form of art that will result in the transformation of legal norms of regulation of the citizens’ vandal activity in a while. The scientific novelty lies in the comparison of norms of Russian and Brazilian legislation referred to vandalism to find out ways of its efficient prevention.
Implementation of ECHR decisions on expulsion in a modern digital society
Authors: Ablyakimova Elvina , Kostylev Vladislav , Rudenko Artem , Trifonova Kristine , Trifonov Sergey
Published: May 2021

The globalization of world economic relations, political instability and different levels of economic development in different countries predetermine a significant flow of migrants. The problem of illegal migration and application of measures of legal responsibility against migration legislation violators concerns most countries of the world. At the same time, applying such a sanction as expulsion, a number of states, including the Russian Federation, come into conflict with the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter the ECHR) regarding expulsion of stateless persons and foreigners. The administrative expulsion, unfortunately, has not undergone any significant changes in the digital age, although the urgent need for such reform is obvious. It is emphasized in the legal positions of the ECHR that decisions on expulsion must be justified by pressing social necessity and they must correspond to a legitimate aim, since they may violate the right to respect the private and family life. It is necessary to take into account the legal positions of the ECHR in the framework of proceedings on expulsion and adhere to the principle of individualization of responsibility for an administrative offense, with taking into account the specific circumstances in each specific case.
Analysis of knowledge assessment results of civil servants regarding anti-corruption issues
Authors: Astafurova Olga , Golomanchuk Ada , Omelchenko Tatyana , Borisova Anna , Kayushnikova Julia
Published: May 2021

The article presents the program shell developed by the authors to estimate the knowledge of civil servants regarding anti-corruption issues. This development is a part of an information and analysis system, which is aimed not only at automating the analysis of data on knowledge control but it also includes both educational functions and possibilities for automation of the activity of the personnel divisions on the prevention of corruption offenses, formation of maps of corruption risks, observation, study and forecast of deviant corruption-related changes in the conduct of civil servants, assignment of testing, organization of training, etc. Due to the introduction of this program, the personnel divisions will obtain both systemic organization of awareness-raising measures (lectures, seminars) involving servants and the possibility to estimate their psychological condition and the general base of knowledge regarding prohibitions and restrictions in the civil service, practical and theoretical nuances of providing data about income, expenses, assets, liabilities, etc. The authors consider the issues of the introduction of the programs in the state authorities of both federal and regional levels. They point out the need to take into account the peculiarities of the targeted information system of the organization : the compatibility of the development being introduced with the current version of the operating system, as well as the security policy of the targeted system. The study presents the first results of the testing of the software product and includes an assessment of their main factors.
Data and factors analysis of anti-corruption environment components of Russian public authorities
Authors: Astafurova Olga , Golomanchuk Ada
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the examination of functional features of anti-corruption activities in Russian public government bodies and authorities using the cognitive modeling method . Currently, a contradictory situation is observed in corruption related assessment practice. At present, the leadership of public authorities reports on a decrease in acts of corruption whereas the statistics testify rather to the persistence of the previous level of corruption offenses than to the decline. Employees are concerned about the increasing requirements related to compliance with anti-corruption restrictions, as well as income, expenses and property obligations reporting. Citizens continue to express distrust in government bodies and state apparatus as a whole. These contradictions could be resolved if the interests of both employees of state bodies and citizens of the country are taken into account. It is assumed that when assessing anti-corruption environment effectiveness, it is advisable to take into account not only the risks of citizens, but also the risks of public officials and state authority’s employees. We applied cognitive modeling as it is difficult to formalize most stages of government bodies` activities, whereas we need to take into account many factors and conflicting goals that have complex weakly structured relationships. Fishbone Diagram or Cause-and-Effect-Diagram and the cognitive map were basic initial stage of cognitive modeling which allowed conducting the analysis of external and internal factors influence on the anti-corruption environment development in government bodies. The authors of the paper have shown benefits of expediency transferring of some personnel department functions into digital format.
Suffering in world religions within paradigm of modern information
Authors: Bobyreva Ekaterina , Dmitrieva Olga , Gonnova Tatyana , Oganesyan Anna
Published: May 2021

Any type of discourse, along with its characteristic concepts, operates with its own values. The basis of religious discourse form universal values providing moral guidelines that represent a standard for people of different cultures and eras, which are associated with the ideals of justice and are timeless. Among the universal are cultural, social and moral values. The bulk of religious values form cultural ones in any modern society. Religious beliefs form inner culture of a person. Some religious values can be referred as social and include: meaningful (meaning of life, happiness), universal (life, health), values of interpersonal communication (benevolence), values of public recognition (hard work), democratic values (freedom of speech). In modern society among religious, social and moral (mercy, compassion) values can be distinguished. Religious values can be found within each subgroup of universal human values. The article interprets phenomenon of suffering in modern society, which is an integral component of any world religion and forms the category of value in Christianity. The analysis of suffering in the article was carried out along with the analysis of religious discourse - a special type of institutional communication that combines features of institutional-oriented and personal-oriented phenomenon. The article shows reasons for the occurrence and existence of suffering in any modern society, as well as approaches that exist in various religious systems (Christianity, Islam and Buddhism) to interpreting suffering, attitude to it, need and possibility to overcome it as well as linguistic means to express phenomenon of suffering in world religions.
New terms in the information society: nominative characteristics
Authors: Chemeteva Yuliya , Davydova Marina
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with the issue of new terms in the information society. The authors consider the concepts of neologism, legal term and terminoid giving examples. The paper states that currently the process of neologization in the Russian-language legal discourse is characterized by the fact that one of the active sources of terminology are terminoids which initially operate in new fields of law and function for nominating innovative technologies in law. The authors mark two ways of appearing new terms in legal terminology with regard to the language of civil contracts. Focusing on borrowing as one of the most productive sources of replenishing legal terminology, the authors consider new lexemes connected with innovative concepts and digitalization. The paper shows the analysis of terminological units borrowed from the English language. The authors conclude that the current term system of both legal discourse in general and the sphere of civil law in particular is flexible, mobile, susceptible to previously unproductive ways of forming or borrowing terms, and even the use of terms with the preservation of English spelling, as well as metaphor terms.
The legal mechanism of bringing to account in the epoch of digitalization
Authors: Deryugina Tatiana , Chegovadze Lyudmila , Tumakov Albert , Vertlib Felix
Published: May 2021

An analysis of problems occurring during the application of civil liability in legal relationships using information and communication technologies is being conducted in this scientific research. Apart from the absence of legal norms, there are conflict-of-laws rules, contradictions in which are to be resolved. The research of the turnover using digital technologies takes a big part in the legal doctrine. It must be noted that several fundamental works have appeared that make it possible to create a harmonious and non-contradictory system of legal regulation. However, there are still some unresolved questions left; for instance, ones concerning the mechanism of legal regulation of civil liability of subjects that have entered relations using digital technologies. The analysis of the civil law doctrine, the propositions of current Russian and international legislations, and legal practice have revealed a complex of problems connected to the civil liability of subjects entering legal relations using information and communication technologies. It became possible to systemize them depending on the subject and their role in the initiation or termination of the relation. A range of methods (general, general scientific and legal) has made it possible to make conclusions about the reasons why legal regulation is imperfect and why conflicts exist (to prevent them from happening in the future), formulate a legal regime of liability of subjects of the main or supporting group, suggest alterations to the current Russian legislation, aimed at bringing the owner of the information system to account.
The influence of digital platforms and algorithms on legal regulation of competition
Authors: Kozlova Marina , Kozhemyakin Dmitriy , Sergacheva Olga , Bortenev Alexandr
Published: May 2021

The antitrust regulation faces challenges in the context of digitalization and algorithmization; several of them are analyzed in the article. The authors explore the influence of digital platforms and pricing algorithms on competitive environment, the practice of their application in view of monopolizing the market and the possibilities to resist such practice from the point of view of the antitrust legislation. They examine the approaches to regulating digital instruments of pricing in order to ensure fair competition. One of the approaches is based on the fact that there is no need to develop specific regulatory instruments due to the lack of information on the consequences of algorithmic pricing applied to competition. Another one implies checking every new pricing algorithm in order to establish its influence on competitive environment and allowing or prohibiting it based on that. The third approach suggests further control using new legal standards that differ from the current ones. Banning algorithmic pricing is viewed as unreasonable as the pricing itself becomes more economically effective. The question of responsibility is raised for the cases when cartels are formed as a result of the activity of computer software. It is concluded that the owners of the software must be held accountable for any actions of the algorithm, as no program can act of its free will, they are controlled by the creator or the right holder.
“Elsevier inc. v. sci-hub”: some aspects of copyright infringement in digital space
Authors: Naumov Mikhail
Published: May 2021

Many scientists are faced with the problem of finding the necessary scientific papers to use their work. In this regard, most of them resort to the opportunities provided by «scientific pirates». In connection with the digitalization of science, many scientists have the opportunity to download paid articles on specialized pirate sites. Such piracy activity is illegal and violates copyright. At the same time, neither legislation nor specific court orders can stop the illegal activities of such sites. In this article, using the example of one of the most famous copyright infringement case “Elsevier Inc. v. Sci-hub” conducted a comparative legal analysis of the copyright laws of the United States (a developed country) and Russia (a developing country), revealed weaknesses in the laws of both countries and concluded that the current state of copyright does not keep pace with the digitalization of science, and such inflexibility adversely affects not only the prestige of copyright itself, but also the research and investment climate in the state.
Electronic resources as a means of constructing the learning environment of a children's art school
Authors: Popova Olga , Danilenko Anzhela , Kosenko Nadezhda , Chernikova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The article presents a model of personalized mixed learning for the implementation of programs of general additional education in the field of fine arts. This model is presented through the metaphor of the “space of opportunities”, in which the student can choose their own educational trajectory and ways to achieve educational goals. The structure of the personalized educational space is slated, the role and place of information and communication technologies in the implementation of personalized education are considered. The key elements of the model presented by us were goal-setting, criteria-based evaluation of the results of educational activities and the use of information and communication technologies. Within the framework of the proposed approach to goal-setting, the transition from simple knowledge and skills to more complex ones is carried out, as well as the synthesis of mental operations with a specific application and creative rethinking of the acquired knowledge. Criteria-based evaluation is intended to provide high-quality feedback. It is carried out on the principles of equality; personalization; clarity of criteria; evaluation of the result, not the activity of the child in the lesson; continuity. The main characteristics of the presented model are: level-based, result-oriented, interactive, and variable.
Altered Fibrinolysis in Hematological Malignances
Authors: Bønløkke Søren Thorgaard , Ommen Hans Beier , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: May 2021

Bleeding and thrombosis are well-known complications to hematological malignancies, and changes in fibrinolysis impact both these issues. In the present systematic review, we provide an overview and discussion of the current literature in regards to clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of altered fibrinolysis in patients suffering from hematological malignancies, beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia. We performed a systematic literature search employing the databases Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify original studies investigating fibrinolysis in hematological malignancies. Studies investigating fibrinolysis in acute promyelocytic leukemia or disseminated intravascular coagulation were excluded. We identified 32 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A majority of the studies were published more than two decades ago, and none of the studies examined all available markers of fibrinolysis or used dynamic clot lysis assays. In acute leukemia L-asparaginase treatment induced a hypofibrinolytic state, and prior to chemotherapy there seemed to be little to no change in fibrinolysis. In studies examining fibrinolysis during chemotherapy results were ambiguous. Two studies examining multiple myeloma indicated hypofibrinolysis prior to chemotherapy, and in another plasma cell disease, amyloid light chain-amyloidosis, clear signs of hyperfibrinolysis were demonstrated. In myeloproliferative neoplasms, the studies reported signs of hypofibrinolysis, in line with the increased risk of thrombosis in this disease. Only one study regarding lymphoma was identified, which indicated no alterations in fibrinolysis. In conclusion, this systematic review demonstrated that only sparse, and mainly old, evidence exists on fibrinolysis in hematological malignancy. However, the published studies showed a tendency toward hypofibrinolysis in myeloproliferative disorders, an increased risk of hyperfibrinolysis, and bleeding in patients with AL-amyloidosis, whereas studies regarding acute leukemias were inconclusive except with regard to L-asparaginase treatment, which induced a hypofibrinolytic state.
Recent Advances in Trigeminal Neuralgia and Its Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Burman Sourav , Khandelwal Ankur , Chaturvedi Arvind
Published: May 2021

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic facial pain condition that affects one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve). It can be idiopathic, primary, or secondary. The cornerstone of the therapy has been antiepileptic medications, peripheral nerve blocks with various neurolytic agents, and surgical procedures. With the advent of newer technologies, minimally invasive neurolytic techniques like low-level laser therapy and ozone injection have revolutionized the management of TN. Novel drugs like vixotrigine and eslicarbazepine have been promising in reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. Inhaled carbon dioxide too has shown promising results in initial trials. Neuromodulation has given robust data in controlling neuralgic pain especially refractory to medical management. Pulsed radiofrequency has been used with increasing success and the side effects like dysesthesia and paresthesia are less. Cryotherapy, neural prolotherapy, and fiber knife techniques have helped us believe that TN can be controlled and cured. The need of the hour is to develop and explore newer modalities for trigeminal neuralgia treatment with minimum side effects. In this narrative review, we have tried to shed light into the newer modalities of treatment of TN along with new clinical classification for better disease recognition and management.
Obesity, Migraine, and Overlapping Comorbidities in a Rural Pediatric Population
Authors: Walter Suzy M. , Dai Zheng , Wang Kesheng
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aims to report the prevalence of obesity and overlapping comorbidities in a rural population of children and adolescents with migraine.

Design and Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive, secondary data analysis using a comprehensive patient database from the West Virginia University (WVU) Medicine Epic Clarity system will be reported. A review of electronic medical records of 990 children and adolescents, ages 7 to 17 years, evaluated for headache at a rural clinic from December 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017 was completed. The Chi-square test was used to identify any differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race) and distribution of comorbidities (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [OSAS], depression, and anxiety) among obese versus nonobese adolescents with migraine. Student’s t-test was used to identify any differences in the number of comorbidities between the two groups.

Results A total of 648 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of migraine were identified. Approximately 26.4% of the children and adolescents diagnosed with migraine (n = 648) met the criteria for being obese with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.6 kg/m2 (standard deviation [SD] = 6.5), ranging from 20.0 to 58.5 kg/m2. There were no significant differences between migraineurs who were categorized as obese versus nonobese in terms of gender (p = 0.8587), age (p = 0.1703), race (p = 0.7655), anxiety (p = 0.1841), or depression (p = 0.2793). Obese individuals have more comorbidities than nonobese individuals (p = 0.015). Additionally, the prevalence of OSAS was significantly higher among obese versus nonobese migraineurs (20 vs. 9.9%, p = 0.0007).

Conclusion Given the prevalence of obesity in rural pediatric populations and the reported neurobiological links between migraine and obesity, BMI needs to be monitored and weight management interventions included in plans of care for rural children and adolescents with migraine.
Uncommon Iatrogenic Devices Seen on Chest Radiographs
Authors: Raj Vimal , DG Santhosh Kumar , Tobias Richard A.
Published: May 2021

Chest radiograph (CXR) is the most common imaging performed for both inpatients and outpatients. With advances in medicine and technology, newer devices/prosthesis are being used in the treatment of cardiothoracic conditions. Some of these are common while others are seen only in a handful of cases, especially in patients being treated or referred from tertiary care centers. It is important to know about these devices, their functionality, and radiographic appearances. Many of these devices also help us in understanding the clinical condition of the patient, as some are only used in unstable patients. Newer methods of life support are now available in intensive care units and these also can be seen on CXRs. In this review, we present various iatrogenic devices that we come across on a CXR and highlight important features to determine their correct placement and potential complications. The review looks at cardiac temporary and permanent pacing devices, cardiac interventional devices used to treat congenital heart disease, newer cardiac monitoring devices, and unusual surgical devices that one may come across on a CXR. We also suggest a stepwise algorithm to assess these devices on a CXR.
Oligofuran–Benzothiadiazole Co-oligomers: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties and Reactivity
Authors: Ben Abba Amiel Dror , Kim Choongik , Gidron Ori
Published: May 2021

Donor–acceptor–donor (DAD) triad systems are commonly applied as active materials in ambipolar organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, and NIR-emitting organic light-emitting diodes. Often, these triads utilize oligothiophenes as donors, whereas their oxygen-containing analogs, oligofurans, are far less studied in this setup. Here we introduce a family of DAD triads in which the donors are oligofurans and the acceptor is benzothiadiazole. In a combined computational and experimental study, we show that these triads display optical bandgaps similar to those of their thiophene analogs, and that a bifuran donor is sufficient to produce emission in the NIR spectral region. The presence of a central acceptor unit increases the photostability of oligofuran-based DAD systems compared with parent oligofurans of the similar length.
Examining the Validity of Pediatric Resident Self-Assessment in the Delivery Room
Authors: Ford Betté S. , Hagadorn James I. , Trzaski Jennifer M.
Published: May 2021

Objective The validity of resident self-assessment of competence in neonatal resuscitation skills has not been studied. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that residents are accurate in self-assessment of basic delivery room resuscitation and bag-and-mask ventilation (BMV) skills by comparing resident self-assessed performance with assessment by observers.

Study Design We conducted a prospective repeated measures observational study. After each delivery residents and observers completed 13-question standardized assessments evaluating resident performance.

Results A total of 99 paired assessments were completed by 36 residents. Residents competently performed and identified correct versus incorrect performance of basic resuscitation steps. Residents were less competent in recognizing the need for BMV and were unable to self-assess BMV-associated performance accurately. In multivariable analysis, only basic resuscitation steps versus BMV were significantly associated with accurate self-assessment.

Conclusion Pediatric residents are less competent at performing advanced neonatal resuscitation skills and are unable to accurately self-assess performance of skills essential for neonatal resuscitation.

Key Points
Risk transfer beyond reinsurance: the added value of CAT bonds
Authors: Götze Tobias , Gürtler Marc
Published: May 2021

Reinsurance and CAT bonds are two alternative risk management instruments used by insurance companies. Insurers should be indifferent between the two instruments in a perfect capital market. However, the theoretical literature suggests that insured risk characteristics and market imperfections may influence the effectiveness and efficiency of reinsurance relative to CAT bonds. CAT bonds may add value to insurers’ risk management strategies and may therefore substitute for reinsurance. Our study is the first to empirically analyse if and under what circumstances CAT bonds can substitute for traditional reinsurance. Our analysis of a comprehensive data set comprising U.S. P&C insurers’ financial statements and CAT bond use shows that insurance companies’ choice of risk management instruments is not arbitrary. We find that the added value of CAT bonds mainly stems from non-indemnity bonds and reveal that (non-indemnity) CAT bonds are valuable under high reinsurer default risk, low basis risk and in high-risk layers.
Stigma and fear during COVID-19: essentializing religion in an Indian context
Authors: Biswas Debajyoti , Chatterjee Sanjukta , Sultana Parvin
Published: May 2021

A cursory inquest into the effects of SARS-CoV-2 exposes how easily the ramification of the pandemic has moved over from the physio-social to the psychosocial state of humans all over the world. Derogatory nomenclatures such as ‘Chinese-virus’ or ‘Corona-jihad’ can be seen as a part of a disjunctive politics of ‘representation’ as opposed to ‘representing’ with a metonymic effect. Such politics violates the protocol on naming new human infectious diseases set by World Health Organization. It also insinuates a long-term socio-political impression on the mental state of an individual or a social group, which may have an emasculating effect on the global solidarity to fight the virus. This calls for a nuanced psychosocial investigation with a specific analysis of how the ensuing stigmatization and fear can aggravate the contagion. With specific reference to the Indian sub-continent, this paper explains the socio-political orientation behind the essentialisation of a religious group that has led to the indictment of the minority community. By using Wagner’s theory of essentialisation and Critical Race Theory, this article shall endeavor to explore how media may play a crucial role in stigmatizing communities. Secondly, the paper also argues that the spiraling effect of such ostracisation leads to stigma and fear within the group which is not only dehumanizing but also detrimental to the concerted effort to contain the pandemic.
Design and assessment of a teaching program to address temporal concepts in Early Childhood Education and Primary Education using stories
Authors: Vivas-Moreno Verónica , Miralles-Martínez Pedro , Gómez-Carrasco Cosme Jesús
Published: May 2021

In the educational field, there is a discussion about how to teach temporal concepts within Social Science in Early Childhood Education and in Primary Education. This debate arises from the young age of the students, which shows the need to make use of different teaching approaches from those used in other higher educational levels. As stories have been proved as an effective teaching method used in this educational level for the past 30 years, the research problem revolves around the following question: is it possible to teach temporal concepts in Early Childhood Education using a non-specific story to teach social sciences? For this reason, the purpose of this study was to design, implement, and assess a teaching program for the temporal concepts past/present/future, before/after, and change/transformation in the third year of Early Childhood Education using a non-specific story to teach social sciences. For a better understanding of the program, a brief explanation of the Spanish Educational system has been included. The participants of the study were the 47 students of an Early Childhood and Primary Education Center in Molina de Segura, Murcia, Spain. Quantitative data were analyzed using the software program SPSS v. 24. With the goal of evaluating the students’ achievement of each activity’s objectives, as well as the teaching program as a whole, percentages and frequencies of the assessment charts’ different components were calculated. Once the data from the brainstorming session on the students’ prior knowledge of temporal concepts had been collected, it was transcribed and organized in the corresponding chart. In this way, a primary text document was created. Together with the Initial Questionnaire on Temporal Concepts (IQTC) and the Final Self-assessment Questionnaire (FSQ), which did not require transcription, three hermeneutic categories were created, one for each document, using the program ATLAS.ti (version 7.5.2). The results showed a high percentage of fulfillment of the objectives, with somewhat significant differences between one class and another. These results lead us to conclude that the temporal concepts chosen for this teaching program can be taught in third-year Early Childhood Education classes using the story Ramona la mona by Aitana Carrasco.
Biological control on plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium by using some plant extracts in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Hamdi Rajaa Fadhil , Hawas Musa Farkad , Sarhan Alrawi Sameer
Published: May 2021

The inhibitory activity of 5 plant extracts, Allium sativum, Opuntia ficus-indica, Malva parviflora, Mentha spicata and Plantago lanceolata with concentration 50 % and 100 % were assessed against the mycelial growth of Pythium fungus in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that all the concentrations of plant extracts give significant inhibition in the mycelial growth of Pythium fungus; the highest concentration (100 %) prevented large amounts of mycelial growth followed by lower concentration (50 %) of plant extracts. Opuntia extract at 100 % concentration gave great effective in inhibition of Pythium’s mycelial production, which gave 100 per cent inhibition ratio while 50 per cent concentration gave 77.28 % inhibition ratio followed by other plant extracts, Mentha, Allium sativum, Plantago, then Malva respectively. In vivo experiments, tomato seed infused in five plant extracts separately and then sown with soil contaminated with Pythium fungus and watered after that with these five plant extracts. After 30 days, the length of the stems and roots were measured in centimetres. While the tomato seeds which were soaked with distilled water and then sown in polluted soil with fungus Pythium, and watered with distilled water (control) did not show any growth.
Histological structure of the Tongue in Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)
Authors: Al-Jumaily Iman Sami Ahmed , Ibrahim Marwa Khalil , Abid Wijdan Bashir
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological structure of the tongue in Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) and its related to the feeding pattern. Five adult animals were used in this study. The tongues were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin, then prepared by following stages (dehydration, clearing, and embedding). The serial section(5μ) were stained with(H&E) and some special stains. The histological examination showed that the tongue consists of three tunicae (mucosa, submucosa and musclaris) and the lining epithelium of the filiform papillae is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The cylindrical papillae are covered with a highly keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, whereas the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue is weakly keratinized at fungiform papillae, whilst circumvallate papillae are non-keratinized. The medullary of the papillae consists of a loose connective tissue which is considered as the lamina propria of the tongue, while the tunica submucosa consists of dense connective tissue. The muscularis is composed of skeletal muscle fibres arranged in three direction longitudinal, transverse and obliquate. The lingual glands(Von-Ebner and Weber) placed on both sides of the lingual root at the tunica submucosa and extend to the tunica muscularis. This study pointed out that the secretion of glands is mixed and the mucin is more neutral than acid.
Synthesis, Theoretical Treatment and Investigation of Adsorption of 4,4’-((1E,1’E)-(Methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(naphthalen-1-ol) on Olive Peel
Authors: Khudair Zainab J. , Khawla K. Jassim , Seewan Ameena N.
Published: May 2021

In this study, the compound 4,4’-((1E,1’E)-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis (diazene-2,1-diyl))bis (naphthalen-1-ol) synthesized by reaction of 4,4’-Diaminodiphenylmethane with Alpha-naphthol. This compound was identified by using an element C.H.N analyzer, Infra-Red spectrum, Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum, and GC-Mass spectrometry. We used olive peels to adsorb the synthesized dye from an ethanol solution. The results obtained showed that olive peel has a good adsorption on the bis-azo dye. Temperature and pH effect were studied under multiple conditions. The result showed that the adsorption increased with temperature increasing, and adsorption efficiency according to pH as 7<4<9. Theoretical treatment was studied in gas phase for molecular mechanics and semi-empirical computations using the hyper chem8 program. Dipole moment, formation heat and binding energy were done via the methods (PM3 and ZINDO/S) at 25°C. Electrostatic potential of active sites were also studied for the newly synthesized bis-azo dye. Vibrational values were evaluate using PM3 method, the theoretical frequencies obtained from the calculations were consistent with the experimental values. HOMO & LUMO (frontier orbitals) were studied by PM3 method, electronic spectrum was also studied using ZINDO/S method and compared with experimental spectrums. The results obtained were closely related between the theoretical and experimental spectrum.
Preparation of Polystyrene/Polyacrylonitrile Blends by Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Oleiwi Ahmed H , Jabur Akram R , Alsalhy Qusay F
Published: May 2021

New blend material membranes as fibers produced by electrospinning technology and these membranes were characterized and evaluated their properties in this research. Polyacrynitrile polymer mixed physically with polystyrene to produce the blend membranes. FTIR confirm the occurrence of polymeric blends by establishing the absence of new chemical reactions occurs. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was reduced by increase the PAN percent in the blend. Field emission scanning electron microscopy used to study the morphologies of the membranes and illustrated the average diameters of produced fibers which found about 1.68-0.73 μm. The average pore size found about 1.28 – 0.31 μm for blend membranes. The result showed an increasing in fibers diameter and pore size with increasing of the PAN percent while the membranes porosity still high percentage about 98%.
An Automated Mammals Detection Based on SSD-Mobile Net
Authors: Alsaadi Elham Mohammed Thabit A. , El Abbadi Nidhal K.
Published: May 2021

Animal detection techniques are one of the researcher’s interests and challenge. There are many difficulties faces by the researchers in this field that reduce the detection performance and efficiency, such as variation of image illumination, animal occlusion, the similarity of animal colors with background environment, etc.

Multi-label Image Detection and classification of Mammals animals is the goal of this paper which we proposed to achieve in this proposal by using Single Shot Multi-Box Detector (SSD) and MobileNet v1 coco_2017 model. Localizing and classifying multiple objects (animals) of the Mammal category in digital images is another goal. The suggested SSD is regarded as a more accurate, fast, and efficient way to detect objects of different sizes based on deep learning technology.

In this proposal, we used 2000 images in the network were collected from the standard dataset (such as Caltech 101) and the net. The SSD framework improves the detection and recognition processes of Convolution Neural Network (CNN). During the prediction time, the network introduces scores to the presence of every object class and bounded each object in the image with a box. Each box has a label that indicates the type of the object and the score represents the probability of the relationship of the object to that type. Boxes during the process are modified for getting the best matching to the object’s shape. The experimental results of this work proved the efficiency of classifying and detecting animals even in the variation of illumination, pose, and occlusion. Detection and classification accuracy is up to 98.7 %. This suggestion is more reliable and accurate than other similar works and detects a wide range of Mammals animals, unlike other similar works.
Some Properties of Fuzzy Compact Algebra Fuzzy Normed Spaces and Finite Dimensional Algebra Fuzzy Normed Spaces
Authors: Khudhair Zainab A. , Kider Jehad R.
Published: May 2021

Our goal in this article is to recall the notion of algebra fuzzy normed space and its basic properties to introduce the notion of fuzzy compact algebra fuzzy normed space. Then some properties of fuzzy compact algebra fuzzy normed spaces are proved. After that, we study a finite dimensional algebra fuzzy normed space and we proved some properties that algebra fuzzy normed spaces do not admit it.
The Analytic of Image Processing Smoothing Spaces Using Wavelet
Authors: Abdulrahman Asma Abdulelah , Rasheed Mohammed , Shihab Suha
Published: May 2021

Image analysis took wide areas in many fields, including medicine, physics, and other areas where you need a tool to deal with it smoothly and softly without losing the original image information. Using an image of a sample of a physical atom that was analyzed and highlighting the compression and raising the noise, histogram and statistics the image statistics where the best results were recorded when using a specific threshold i.e. when pressing the methods were used the first has the threshold methods is Balance sparsity-norm, Remove near 0 and Bal-sparsity-norm(sqrt). As for the methods of raising the noise are fixed form thresholding method with soft threshold, penalize high with hard threshold, penalize medium with hard threshold, penalize low with hard threshold, Bal sparsity norm (sqrt) with soft threshold, where image parameters were divided into approximation coefficients and details coefficients. Through the analysis, a suitable threshold value was obtained, which helps to restore energy that leads to the fact that the compressed necessity did not lose much of its original information, which proves the new wavelets in the field of physical and medical imaging.
Exact Method for Solving Single Machine Scheduling Problem Under Fuzzy Due Date to Minimize Multi-Objective Functions
Authors: Cheachan Hanan A. , Kadhim Mustafa T.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the branch and bound technique used to solve a single machine scheduling problem, which is the problem of scheduling n-job on a single machine of multi-objective function with triangle fuzzy due date numbers which are formulated as

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=
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. The target of this paper is to obtained optimal sequence of our problem. The computational results are calculated by using Matlab program and compare the results with the complete enumeration method.
Regression shrinkage and selection variables via an adaptive elastic net model
Authors: Mahdi Ghadeer Jasim Mohammed , Mohammed Nadia Jasim , Al-Sharea Zahraa Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a new method of selection variables is presented to select some essential variables from large datasets. The new model is a modified version of the Elastic Net model. The modified Elastic Net variable selection model has been summarized in an algorithm. It is applied for Leukemia dataset that has 3051 variables (genes) and 72 samples. In reality, working with this kind of dataset is not accessible due to its large size. The modified model is compared to some standard variable selection methods. Perfect classification is achieved by applying the modified Elastic Net model because it has the best performance. All the calculations that have been done for this paper are in R program by using some existing packages.
Inverse Equality Co-Neighborhood Domination in Graphs
Authors: Kahat Sahib SH. , Al-Harere Manal N.
Published: May 2021

Let G = (V, E) be a simple undirected graph without isolated vertices. A proper subset D ⊂ V is called equality co-neighborhood dominating set of G (ENDS), if every vertex in set D is adjacent to equally number of vertices in V - D. In this paper, the inverse equality co-neighborhood dominating set of G (IENDS) is defined. Some properties of inverse equality co-neighborhood dominating set are determined. The inverse equality co-neighborhood domination number in some special graphs and three kinds of operations in join graphs is calculated.
Measurement the natural radioactivity and Hazard Indices of Milk Powder Consumed in Iraq
Authors: Omron Auras M. , Hameed Taghreed K. , hasan saba J. , Karim Mahmood S.
Published: May 2021

In the present work, the specific activity of different types of milk powder samples from various foreign origins in the local markets was studied. For this purpose, (HPGe) detector was used. The results showed that Miedo sample (Jordanian origin) had the highest quantities of AU, ATh and Ak equal to respectively (18.690, 25.070 and 183.500) Bq/kg respectively. All the specific activity and parameters are less than their corresponding allowed limits, and hence no health risk they possess.
Detection of X-Rays Radiation Effect on Radiation Sensors Based on Optical Fiber Technology
Authors: Mahmood Aseel I. , Kadhim Shehab A. , Naseef Intisar A. , Thajeel Khalid M. , Ahmed Raafat A. , Muhammed Nadia F. , Jabor Ashwaq A.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of optical fiber sensors under X-rays radiation. The Radiation-Induced Absorption (RIA) and Radiation-Induced Refractive-Index Change (RIRIC) in the UV-VIS domain were investigated. Single and multi-mode optical fibers (SMFs & MMFs) have been used for this purpose. The outer diameters of these fibers were reduced from (125 to 50 and 55μm for SMF and MMF respectively) via chemical etching process then dipped into (3 wt % concentration) of germanium (Ge) solution to produce the sensing part of the fibers. Due to the applied X-rays radiation, an attenuation of the spectrum and a redshift in peak wavelength were achieved. Both sensors show good responsivity to the applied radiation and the MMFs sensors showed higher wavelength shifting as compared to SMFs sensors.