bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Plang Denah Lokasi Penentuan Daerah Penangkapan Ikan Berbasis Teknologi Bawah Air untuk Masyarakat Teluk Mata Ikan, Nongsa Batam
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Anurogo Wenang , Ghazali Muhammad , Aji Satriya Bayu , Wulandari Pratiwi Dwi , Surya Ganda
Published: January 2023

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diawali dasar pemahaman bahwa UU informasi geospasial nomor 4 Tahun 2011 mengamanatkan bahwa informasi geospasial wajib disebarkan dan diketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Atas dasar UU informasi geospasial ini, sehingga kegiatan  pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan bagi masyarakat pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil mengenai pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat Nongsa, tentang penentuan dan pemetaan daerah penangkapan ikan (DPI), dan peta klorofil serta peta kedalaman, untuk pendekatan terhadap lokasi potensial dalam DPI menjadi penting agar masyarakat pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil mengenal potensi dan permasalahan spasial di Pulau Batam. Permasalahan ini tentunya akan berdampak kepada ekonomi masyarakat pesisir, dengan sangat sulitnya menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan, yang merupakan mata pencaharian utama oleh masyarakat. Kegiatan ini meliputi pengembangan IPTEk kepada masyarakat terutama dalam pemakaian teknologi kelautan yang dapat membantu dalam menentukan daerah penangkapan ikan yang nantinya membantu serta menciptakan kemandirian masyarakat pesisir di Mubut darat dalam menentukan spot atau daerah penangkapan ikan di wilayah tersebut. Luaran program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat di kecamatan Nongsa, Batam tentang penentuan serta pemetaan daerah penangkapan ikan (DPI), pemberian plank, pembuatan peta pendekatan daerah penangkapan ikan dan pengembangan bahan ajar (buku ajar) di Kota Batam. Kegiatan ini berjalan dengan lancar dan memberikan pengetahuan yang sangat baru untuk masyarakat di pulau Batam- Nongsa.
ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS – STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE TRENDS
Authors:   PJSC “Radiofizika”, 125363, Russia, Moscow, Geroev Panfilovcev str., 10, Shishlov A.V. , Denisenko V.V. ,   PJSC “Radiofizika”, 125363, Russia, Moscow, Geroev Panfilovcev str., 10, Levitan B.A. ,   PJSC “Radiofizika”, 125363, Russia, Moscow, Geroev Panfilovcev str., 10, Topchiev S.A. ,   PJSC “Radiofizika”, 125363, Russia, Moscow, Geroev Panfilovcev str., 10, Shitikov A.M. ,   PJSC “Radiofizika”, 125363, Russia, Moscow, Geroev Panfilovcev str., 10
Published: January 2023

Modern radio systems with active phased array antennas (APAA) are created in a wide frequency range from the meter range of wavelength to the millimeter range. Due to the development of technology, they are becoming cheaper, lighter and more compact both applying of very large-scale integration circuits and using tile layout. The reduction in price is achieved, in particular, due to the use of silicon-germanium substrates (SiGe) in microcircuits, which are used in computer technologies, instead of gallium arsenide substrates (GaAs). The ones can have both radio frequency and digital circuits. The chip can be combined with microwave power amplifiers on GaN or SiC and low-noise receivers on GaAs. In price terms, the number of commercial radio systems being created with APAA on SiGe has already become greater than the number of special-purpose radio systems being created with APAA on GaAs.
The implementation of Western European educational models in the educational space of Ukraine in the 16th–17th centuries: an attempt of the dialogue
Authors: Antonyuk Halyna
Published: January 2023

The article describes the formation of Western European educational models in the educational space of Ukraine in the 16th-17th centuries on the examples of Ostroh Cultural and Educational Center and Lviv Fraternal School. This period is marked by the establishment of rationalist tendencies in all spheres of social life and, as a result, the strengthened role of scientific knowledge. It is shown that the demand for the school as a social institution grew significantly during the specified period. Traditionally, Ukrainian education was based on the school model borrowed from Byzantium (11th –12th centuries), but at the intersection of the 16th – 17th centuries it became obvious that the knowledge provided by the traditional Ukrainian school was not enough to meet the demands for advanced scientific knowledge that were in need of the society at that time. Ukrainian education was challenged to organize a national school that would compete with European educational institutions of the period and at the same time rely on its own cultural and educational tradition. The compromise was found after establishing the Ostroh Academy, or Ostroh Cultural and Educational Center (1576), where for the first time in the history of national education and pedagogy an attempt was made to organize an educational institution by synthesizing Western European and Eastern Slavic (Greco-Byzantine) traditions. The Ostroh School was the first to introduce the "seven liberal arts" and the Latin language of teaching into educational practice. The reluctance of the Ukrainian society to accept Western educational standards in the late 16th century resulted in the decline of the Ostroh Cultural and Educational Center. A few decades later, Western European educational models were integrated into the practice of fraternal Orthodox schools, Greek Catholic educational institutions and were most fully expressed in the educational practice of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (1632). The study analyzes the Statute of the Lviv Fraternal School, the practice of the subjects taught and the content of the library from the standpoint of humanistic pedagogy. It is concluded that the reorientation and development of national education in the next historic periods was determined by the implantation of Western European educational models in the Ukrainian educational space. Keywords: Ukrainian cultural and educational space, Western European educational model, educational institution, school, implementation, transfer, adaptation, dialogue.
Information and communication competence of the basic secondary education students: theoretical aspect
Authors: Kryva Mariia , Kosiukhno Diana
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, the problem of educational innovations remains the most urgent. This is due to the societal need in educated people, who quickly and effectively function in current conditions, develop their creative abilities and personal values, and are able to acquire knowledge independently. Thus, introduction of competence-based approach to teaching is becoming more and more important. It allows implementing the priorities of modern school reform and demands for a high level of students’ readiness to operate in different fields. “Information” and “communication” became important concepts of informational society that causes necessity in obtaining information and communication competences. Informatization of the society demands for new approaches in education. New standards, renewed educational programs and methodological materials, virtual platforms for distance learning, improvement and diversification of the online environment are being developed and implemented in Ukraine. These are of fundamental importance for the development of information and communication competence. Discussions are still going around information and communication competence regarding the definition of this concept, analysis and comparison of various international approaches, the features of its introduction into educational process, its ntegration with information and communication technologies. The article examines the genesis of the main concepts that form the basis of the competence approach, the normative documents related to the reform of the Ukrainian education system, the development and structure of the information and communication competence. It reveals the meaning of the main components of the information and communication competence, which depend on the level of its formation and efficiency in a whole. Keywords: competence, competence approach, information and communication competence, information and communication technologies.
Modern psychological and pedagogical methods for development of children with special educational needs
Authors: Shevchenko Volodymyr
Published: January 2023

The article examines the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of children with special educational needs in the process of education and upbringing using modern development methods. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the methods of psychological and pedagogical support of children with SEN in the process of education and upbringing using modern development methods. The author notes that throughout the world and in our country, psychological and pedagogical methods of stimulating the child’s development have been developed, taking into account the peculiarities of their development. There are also methods developed specifically for children with SEN. Regardless of the type of violation, methods of teaching children with SEN are constructed taking into account the patterns of the child’s development, the peculiarities of the development of a child with SEN, as well as specific features and the level of their development. This approach makes it possibleto use the developed methods for all children, individually adapting them for each child. The author of the article states that in order to create a social environment for a child with SEN, it is necessary to take into account individual needs and capabilities; close interaction and cooperation with parents is necessary; and it is also worth stimulating interest in learning and developing independence. The main emphasis is placed on the latest methods of psychological and pedagogical support of children with special educational needs in the process of education and upbringing, namely “Little Steps” method for forming the basic skills of a child with special needs. This is a programme and methodological support for early pedagogical assistance to children with SEN, which encourages them to interact more fully with the world around them. The essence of the socio-psychological model “Portage” is that with the help of multiple repetitions of the action, the child gradually learns, develops and acquires previously inaccessible skills. The system of teaching vital skills is aimed at improving the quality of a child’s life. The specified Numicon system is useful when it is very difficult for a child with SEN to acquire knowledge in the field of mathematics, even basic skills needed in everyday life. That is, the use of various methods of psychological and pedagogical support of children with SEN in the process of education and upbringing contribute to the development of their emotional, language, motor and cognitive spheres. Keywords: psychological and pedagogical support, special educational needs, children with SEN, Down syndrome, developmental methods, socialisation, adaptation and modification.
A comparative study on student satisfaction: the case of some selected universities in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Muhammad M.
Published: January 2023

This paper has empirically examined the level of satisfaction students derive from the services offered to them in Nigerian universities. The research employed a qualitative and comparative approach. To achieve the objective of the study survey questionnaire was administered to 120 students through non-probability sampling. ABU, Nsukka, BUK, NUN, Baze and Bingham were selected as a case study and data was collected from 20 students from each university, the data was analyzed using SPSS 18 Software. The constructs used are instructional guidance/ counselling of students, study arrangements, studying, student evaluation, mindset in the direction of students, premises, cleaning services, catering/canteen services, library, teaching and coaching (content and methods), and realistic training period. Data analysis revealed that the students are to some extent satisfied with the services and the facilities offered to them while others are dissatisfied therefore, the study recommends that policy makers should restructure the services they provide to the students to match with their expectations.
Capital market capitalization and economic growth in Nigeria: an econometrics analysis
Authors: Yakubu Muhammad M.
Published: January 2023

There is no doubt that capital market capitalization plays an essential role in economic growth of any nation and increasing access to a developed capital market is essential to unlocking rapid economic growth in Nigeria. Consequently, this paper has empirically examined the nexus between capital market capitalization and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data for the period 1990-2021. By applying Augmented Dickey Fuller, OLS, co-integration and causality tests the results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between capital market capitalization and economic growth, there is a long-run relationship between the variables and also unidirectional causality was found from MCAP to GDPG. Subsequently, the paper recommends that policy makers should concentrate on implementing short-term and long-term policies that will develop the Nigerian financial system especially the capital market since it is capable of boosting economic growth in Nigeria.
Topochemical reactions in kinetics of material fracture
Authors:   РФ3ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет — МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева, Кравченко И.Н. , Ставровский М.Е. ,   ФГАУ «НИИ Центр экологической промышленной политики», Сидоров М.И. ,   ФГБОУ ВО МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет, Рагуткин А.В. ,   ФГАУ «НИИ Центр экологической промышленной политики», Александров И.А. ,   ФГАУН Институт конструкторско-технологической информатики Российской академии наук, Бодунов Д.М. ,   ФГБУН Институт машиноведения им. А. А. Благонравова Российской академии наук (ИМАШ РАН, Корнеев М.В. ,   РФ3ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет — МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева
Published: January 2023

The issues of the kinetic theory of strength and the influence of temperature and force factors on the accumulation of damage in materials are considered. Phenomenological models of the formation and the propagation of structural defects determine the strength, anticorrosive, tribotechnical properties of materials and the nature of occurrence of destruction processes during operation. The choice and the verification of a behavior model of materials allows us to reasonably apply methods to improve their operability and corrosion protection.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD FOR RENEWAL AND STRENGTHENING OF PLOUGHSHARES BY SOLDERING METHOD OF CERAMIC-METAL PLATE
Authors:   Parahin Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, 302019, Russian Federation, Kuznetsov Yu. A. , Kravchenko I. N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University — Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy (MSKhA), Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation,   A.A. Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, RAS (IMASh RAN), Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Goncharenko V. V. ,   Parahin Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, 302019, Russian Federation, Velichko S. A. ,   Ogarev National Research Mordovian State University, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation, Korneev V. M. ,   Russian State Agrarian University — Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy (MSKhA), Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation, Borovik T. N. ,   MIREA — Russian Technological University, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

The main defect that occurs when using plows is an abrasive wear of its ploughshares, the greatest wear of which is observed in the nose. When renestoring worn plowshares in order to significantly increase their service life, it is advisable to use technical ceramics. A plowshare with soldered ceramic-metal plates was chosen as the investigation object. The proposed investigation methodology included the control of plate adhesion, as well as bench and operational tests of experimental plowshares in comparison with serial ones. It has been established that the proposed type of connection «metal-ceramic plates−ploughshare» has high reliability and can withstand exceeding design loads by 3.8—4.9 times. As a result of the investigation, a new service- life-saving technology has been developed for the restoration and hardening of ploughshares by soldering using a hydrogen-oxygen flame, which allows one to increase the resource by 2-3 times, as well as reduce costs by 30−35% instead of purchasing new serial ploughshares due to using a cheap hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture.
Involvement of endoand exoantigens in the development of the autoimmune reaction
Authors: Trubitsyna I. E. , Dubtsova E. A. , Abdulatipova Z. M. , Moskaeva E. . , Tarasova T. V. , Smirnova A. V. , Ruchkina I. N. , Vorobyova N. N. , Lesko K. A. , Malykh M. . , Vasilyeva I. S. , Vasiliev V. V. , Papysheva L. D. , Kleshcheva T. V. , Kleshchev V. V. , Efremov L. I. , Drozdova G. . , Vinokurova L. V.
Published: January 2023

The immune inflammatory reaction is involved in the formation of structural damage in organs with low immune resistance, but the causal stages of the formation of this reaction are poorly understood. Clinicians are faced with the fact that in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology, a reactive inflammatory reaction is observed in the mucous membrane (MM) of the stomach and / or duodenum. This effect was the reason that experimental studies were carried out on 45 white Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g. and duodenum (DOD). For this, a classical immunization scheme was used. Rats were taken out of the experiment on days 5, 10, and 17; after autopsy, morphological studies of the pancreas, gastric mucosa, and SOD were performed. Undoubtedly, the emerging immune response of the macroorganism to damage contributes to the development of an autoimmune reaction, in response to destruction and an inflammatory reaction, as a result, structural and functional damage to its own tissues occurs. The involvement of several organs in the inflammatory reaction depends on the local immune tolerance of the organ to endoantigens. A decrease in tolerance leads to a combined pathology, the impetus for which is damage to the “primary” organ, which is not always possible to identify. At the same time, antibodies to endoantigens are formed from damaged cellular structures.
Role of microelements in drinking mineral waters in metabolic processes of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Filimonov R. M. , Fesyun A. D. , Filimonova T. R. , Borisevich O. O.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In the spa treatment of patients, especially with the pathology of the digestive system, mineral waters (MW) are widely used, the biological effect of which on the body consists of the interaction of all components. Among them, a special place is occupied by trace elements involved in enzymatic catalysis, which, during internal consumption of CF, have an effect on the neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms of the body, as well as on metabolic processes in the digestive system. However, these issues, today, remain the least studied, which was the topic of this article. The quantity and quality of food consumed are important factors that determine a person’s health and quality of life. Among the nutrients necessary for a person, vitamins and minerals play an important role. They are actively involved in the assimilation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the regulation of physical functions, the implementation of the growth and development of the body. Trace elements change the conformation of the substrate molecule, participate in the stabilization of the active center of enzymes, and in the transfer of electrons. Food is the only source of minerals in the body. However, most people, according to domestic and foreign literature, have their deficiency in the body. Purpose of the study. To prepare a literature review using Russian and foreign sources and to present data from modern studies on the mechanism of action of drinking MV in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion. In the light of the above, it is natural to use various natural mineral waters as carriers of microelements, as well as for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in patients with various pathologies, especially in diseases of the digestive system. Currently, various modes of CF intake are used, designed for certain metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract, and the emphasis is mainly on the state of the acid-forming function of the stomach. At the same time, little attention is paid to the influence of the micronutrient composition of CF on various aspects of the digestive process. Since until now many questions of the use of CF, their metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract (influence on digestion, absorption, interaction with vitamins, etc.), remain open and are interpreted differently, this was the reason to once again turn to this problem.
Evalucation of differences in clinical and laboratory parameters in the combination of primary biliary cholangitis and associated diseases
Authors: Abilbekova B. A. , Satmetova A. Zh.
Published: January 2023

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of diseases associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and the differences in clinical and laboratory parameters in the combination of primary biliary cholangitis with an associated disease. Materials and methods. From 2021 to 2022, 40 patients diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis/liver cirrhosis as a result of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC / liver cirrhosis as a result of PBC) were examined by the authors of the article. 23 patients had no associated disease, and 17 patients had primary biliary cholangitis/ liver cirrhosis as a result of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC / liver cirrhosis as a result of PBC) in combination with an associated disease. Ten patients from the second group (25%), when included in the study, had a proven diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT); there were three cases (7, 5%) of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH); there were also individual cases of other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn’s disease (CD), psoriatic arthritis, as well as the combination of primary biliary cholangitis with autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune hepatitis (PBC+AIT+AIH). The experimental group consisted of 23 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) without the associated disease. Statistical data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 application package. Results. The median hemoglobin level in both groups was 116 g/l, and besides that hypoalbuminemia and accelerated ESR were noted in both groups (Table 1). The medians of liver enzymes and cholestasis markers exceeded normal values in both groups. However, these figures were twice as high in the experimental group which allows us to conclude that the course of disease associated with PBC is accompanied by more pronounced cholestasis and cytolysis than in the presence of isolated primary biliary cholangitis/liver cirrhosis as a result of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC/LC as a result of PBC). Findings. The results of the clinical picture at the onset of the disease in both groups are presented in figure 9. Since the calculated value of the Mann-Whitney test is less than the critical one, an alternative hypothesis is accepted: the differences in laboratory test scores are statistically significant (Table 3). Thus, we concluded that diseases associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) occur with more pronounced clinical and laboratory manifestations of cytolysis and cholestasis syndromes. Patients with isolated primary biliary cholangitis had a higher risk of mortality in the next three months compared with the experimental group. Since 65% of the patients were not additionally examined at the onset of the disease, it is impossible to determine whether primary biliary cholangitis/liver cirrhosis as a result of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC /liver cirrhosis as a result of PBC) is a background for the development of associated diseases or these diseases develop initially.
Comparative analysis of microbiome indicators in patients with mental disorders and in healthy volunteers
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Vanchakova N. P. , Semyonov V. A.
Published: January 2023

The state of human microbiome is closely related to higher nervous activity. Studies of the relationship between the state of the microbiome and the formation of neuropsychiatric disorders represent a very promising field of research. This work presents the results of a comparative analysis of the profiles of microbiome indicators in 36 ± 12-year-old patients with mental and behavioral disorders (n = 30) and in healthy volunteers (n = 10). The profiles of microbiome indicators were measured on the basis of blood analysis by mass chromatospectrometry. Numerous significant differences were found in microbiome patterns between patients and controls. On the basis of the established differences, two point scales were proposed and verified, which can be regarded as a kind of indices of “psychopathogenicity of the microbiome”. These scales make it possible not only to distinguish patients from controls, but also to rank the subjects according to the degree of “psychopathogenicity” of the microbiome profile.
Evaluation of the dynamics of symptoms of dyspepsia after eradication therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis
Authors: Zhestkova T. V.
Published: January 2023

The treatment of functional dyspepsia remains a complex and incompletely resolved issue of gastroenterology. Subjective sensations of the patient, described as a feeling of fullness in the epigastrium after eating, early satiety, pain in the epigastrium, may be a manifestation of dyspepsia associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Aim was evaluation of the effectiveness of standard triple eradication therapy enhanced with bismuth tripotassium dicitrate for the relief of symptoms of dyspepsia in patients with H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Materials and Methods. The study involved 38 patients with H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis with symptoms of dyspepsia. The Questionnaire “7 × 7” was used to describe the dynamics of symptoms of dyspepsia. Results. At the initial examination, dyspeptic disorders in most patients corresponded the criteria for mild and moderate severity, respectively - 44.7% and 28.9% of patients. The severity of pain in the stomach area on average corresponded to a moderate pain syndrome, and the burning sensation was of low intensity. A feeling of fullness in the stomach after eating and/or early satiety was experienced by 76.3% of patients, pain disorders were observed in 92.1% of individuals. Two months after successful eradication treatment, complete relief of dyspepsia symptoms was noted in 57.9% of patients, and significant relief of symptoms of the combined form of dyspepsia in 23.7% of individuals. Conclusions: Successful standard triple eradication therapy enhanced with bismuth tripotassium dicitrate is effective for the treatment of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis.
HepG2 cell line as a model for studying of the statins’ hepatic uptake
Authors: Erokhina P. D. , Slepnev A. A. , Mylnikov P. Yu. , Ganina S. O. , Konyakhin E. A. , Shchulkin A. V. , Yakusheva E. N.
Published: January 2023

Statins (β-hydroxy-β-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) are the main class of drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia. To improve the safety of therapy with their use, a test system is needed to assess their penetration into hepatocytes using OATP1B1/OATP1B3 transporter proteins. The aim of the study was to develop a method for assessing the penetration of statins into hepatocytes on HepG2 cells (human hepatocellular carcinoma). Materials and methods. Cells were cultured in 6- and 24-well plates. The presence of OATP1B1 in HepG2 cells was assessed using the Western blot method. Penetration of statins into cells was analyzed using atorvastatin as an example. It was added to the cell monolayer at concentrations of 1 and 10 μM and incubated for 30 minutes. The cells were then removed from the wells, lysed in various ways, and the amount of atorvastatin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass selective detection (HPLC-MS/MS). Results. Western blot showed the presence of OATP1B1 in HepG2 cells, the main protein that transports statins into hepatocytes. The best way to lyse the cells was a three-cycle freeze-thaw cycle at -80 °C. The analytical range of the method for the quantitative determination of atorvastatin in the lysate of HepG2 cells by HPLC-MS/MS was 0.5-200 nmol/l, which made it possible to perform transport experiments with the addition of atorvastatin at a concentration of 1 μM and incubation for up to 30 min. The use of the OATP1B1/OATP1B3 inhibitor rifampicin (100 μM) reduced the penetration of atorvastatin into HepG2 cells, which confirms the adequacy of the proposed method. Conclusions. A technique for assessing the penetration of statins into hepatocytes on HepG2 cells has been developed.
Experiment ended
Authors: Robinson Jonny
Published: January 2023

The Rising Cost of Science: Balancing Ethics and Inflation
Experiment ended
Authors: Evans Isabelle
Published: January 2023

The Inflation of Science: Balancing Cost and Ethics in the Lab
Experiment ended
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

The Cost of Science Inflation, Budgets, and Ethics
The Moderating Effects of HIV-relevant Factors on the Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Intention to Start HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Cisgender Women
Authors: Keddem Shimrit , Frye Victoria , Davis Annet , Koblin Beryl A. , Tieu Hong-Van , Lipsky Rachele , Nandi Vijay , Teitelman Anne M.
Published: January 2023

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are serious and related public health problems that detrimentally impact women’s health. Because women who experience IPV are more likely to acquire HIV, it is critical to promote HIV prevention strategies, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), that increase autonomy. Setting: This study of cis-gender women eligible for HIV PrEP took place between 2017 and 2019 in Philadelphia and New York City. Methods: This study aimed to examine the relationship between four types of IPV (control, psychological, psychological, physical, sexual) and intention to start PrEP among PrEP-eligible cisgender women; and assess the extent to which HIV relevant factors moderate the association between IPV experience and intention to start PrEP. Results: In this sample (n=214) of PrEP-eligible women, 68.7% indicated intention to start PrEP in the next 3 months. Ethnicity was strongly associated with intention to start PrEP, with Hispanic women having the highest odds of intending to start PrEP in the next 3 months. Having a controlling partner significantly predicted intention to start PrEP. Women with more than one sex partner, any IPV in the past 12 months, past 12-month sexual IPV, or a controlling partner had higher odds of intending to start PrEP as compared with those who had one or no partners and had no IPV. Conclusion: These findings point to a need for patient-centered interventions that address the need for safety and autonomy among cisgender, PrEP-eligible women.
The Impact of Science on Wildlife Conservation: A Discussion of Cost and Ethics
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Science on Wildlife Conservation: A Discussion of Cost and Ethics
Exceptional preservation of three-dimensional dunes on an ancient deep-marine seafloor: implications for sedimentary processes and depositional environments
Authors: Soutter Euan , Martinez-Donate Ander , Kane Ian , Poyatos-Moré Miquel , Taylor William , Hodgson David , Bouwmeester Max , Flint Stephen
Published: January 2023

Depositional and erosional bedforms can be used to reconstruct sedimentary processes and aid paleoenvironmental interpretations. Using exhumed deep-marine strata in the Eocene Aínsa Basin, Spain, we document a 3-dimensional package of dunes; a relatively rarely identified bedform in deep-marine environments. Our analysis shows that the dunes have curvilinear crests in planform, with smaller superimposed dunes and ripples deflected across the dune stoss sides. Beds containing these dunes have two main internal divisions: a lower inversely-graded (fine-to-coarse sandstone) and predominantly structureless division, and an upper coarse-grained sandstone division with well-developed cross-stratification, which is scoured and mantled with mudclasts and coarse-grains on the stoss-side. Following recently reported direct measurements of natural turbidity currents, we interpret the basal division as recording deposition from the dense basal head of a high-velocity turbidity current, followed by the development of dunes beneath the more sustained but still relatively high-velocity flow body that reworked the initial sandy deposit into downstream migrating dunes and scours. These dune-forming beds have been identified in different deep-water environments in the Aínsa Basin, including channel overbank and channel mouth settings and scour-fills. This indicates that the dunes are intimately tied to high-velocity flows that bypass through channel axes before becoming depositional during flow expansion across the channel overbank or at the channel mouth. Preservation of these dunes in the Aínsa Basin was likely enhanced by tectonically-forced lateral migration of channels, which prevented cannibalisation of bypass-zones, high aggradation rates dues to confinement, or by periodic sourcing of flows from a particularly clay-poor entry point. Where identified at outcrop or in the subsurface, these deposits are, therefore, diagnostic of substantial and contemporaneous sediment bypass downslope and are important for predicting the timing of sediment delivery to deep-water basins.
SUBMARINE CREVASSE LOBES CONTROLLED BY LATERAL SLOPE FAILURE IN TECTONICALLY-ACTIVE SETTINGS: AN EXHUMED EXAMPLE FROM THE EOCENE AÍNSA DEPOCENTRE (SPAIN)
Authors: Martinez-Donate Ander , Soutter Euan , Kane Ian , Poyatos-Moré Miquel , Hodgson David , Ayckbourne Ashley , Taylor William , Bouwmeester Max , Flint Stephen
Published: January 2023

Tectonic deformation and associated submarine slope failures modify seafloor relief, influencing sediment dispersal patterns and the resulting depositional architecture of deep-water systems. The exhumed Middle Eocene strata of the Banastón deep-water system in the Aínsa depocentre, Spain, allow the interplay between submarine slope confined systems, mass flow deposits, and syn-depositional compressional tectonics to be investigated. This study focuses on the Banastón II sub-unit, interpreted as low-sinuosity and narrow (2-3 km wide) channel-belt deposits confined laterally by opposing tectonically induced, fine-grained slopes. The studied succession (111 m-thick) is exposed along a 1.5 km long depositional dip-orientated (SE-NW) outcrop belt and documented here using facies analysis and physical correlation of 10 measured sections. Results show a stratigraphic evolution in which the channel axes migrated to the southwest, away from a growing structure in the northeastern part of the Aínsa depocentre. Uplift of the active margin promoted breaching of channel walls and confining slopes, with mass failures and the development of sand-rich crevasse scour-fills and crevasse lobes. We show that crevasse deposits form an important component of the overbank succession. These crevasse lobes are characterised by structureless thick and medium beds that form < 5 m thick packages in proximal parts and thin abruptly over 1 km into structured thin beds similar to the heterolithic dominated overbank deposits. Although development of crevasse lobes has been observed in multiple deep-water systems in ancient and modern systems, this study documents, for the first time, crevasse lobe development on the active compressional margins of a foreland basin rather than in the opposing and more stable and gentle margin. We discuss the mechanism for the formation of these crevasse deposits, which exploited the accommodation generated by the submarine landslides derived from the tectonically-active compressional margin.
The diversity of strategies used in working memory for colors, orientations, and positions: A quantitative approach to a first-person inquiry
Authors: Slana Ozimič Anka , Oblak Aleš , Kordeš Urban , Purg Suljič Nina , Bon Jurij , Repovš Grega
Published: January 2023

The study of individual experience during the performance of a psychological task using a phenomenological approach is a relatively new area of research. The aim of this paper was to combine first- and third-person approaches to investigate whether the strategies individuals use during a working memory task are associated with specific task conditions, whether the strategies combine to form stable patterns, and whether the use of specific strategies is related to task accuracy. Thirty-one participants took part in an experiment in which they were instructed to remember colors, orientations, or positions of stimuli presented in a change detection task. After every few trials, participants took part in an in-depth phenomenological interview in which they described their experiences during the trial that immediately preceded the interview. Qualitative analysis revealed a set of 18 strategies that participants used while performing the task, which we divided into active and passive strategies of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. Quantitative analysis revealed that while many strategies were used in all task conditions, some strategies and their combinations may be better suited to the specific task demands, while others are more general in nature. The results also suggest a distinction between strategies for encoding object identity and spatial features. Finally, our results did not provide robust evidence for a relationship between specific strategies and task accuracy.
Executive functions in psychopathy: A meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance
Authors: Burghart Matthias , Schmidt Sergej , Mier Daniela
Published: January 2023

Much research has focused on executive function (EF) impairments in psychopathy, a severe personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, antisocial behavior, and a disregard for social norms and moral values. However, it is still unclear to what extent these deficits are present and, more importantly, which EF domains are impaired. The current meta-analysis answers this question by synthesizing the results of 50 studies involving 5,694 participants from 12 different countries. Using multilevel random-effects models, we pooled effect sizes for four different EF domains: Inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory. Our analyses yielded small deficits in inhibition and planning performance. However, a closer inspection of psychopathy factors indicated that EF deficits were specific to lifestyle/antisocial traits, with impairments in inhibition, planning, and working memory. In contrast, the interpersonal/affective traits of psychopathy were associated with better shifting performance. These findings suggest that EF deficits are not a key feature of psychopathy per se, but rather are related to antisociality. Potential brain correlates of these findings as well as implications for future research and treatment are discussed.
Attention Control Measures Improve the Prediction of Performance in Navy Trainees
Authors: Burgoyne Alexander P. , Mashburn Cody Anthony , Tsukahara Jason S. , Pak Richard , Coyne Joseph T. , Foroughi Cyrus , Sibley Ciara , Drollinger Sabrina M. , Engle Randall W
Published: January 2023

We present a theoretical framework and empirical data from a sample of 490 U.S. Navy trainees (air traffic controllers, student naval aviators, and student naval flight officers) supporting the use of attention control tests in personnel selection. Current military selection tests leave room for improvement when predicting individual differences in work-relevant outcomes and reducing adverse impact. We tested whether measures of attention control, working memory capacity, and fluid intelligence improved the prediction of training success above and beyond the current composite scores used by the U.S. Military. For air traffic controllers in training, attention control explained 9.1% of the unique variance in academic performance, whereas the Armed Forces Qualification Test explained 5.2% of the unique variance. For student naval aviators, incremental validity estimates were generally small and non-significant. For student naval flight officers, attention control measures explained 11.8% of the unique variance in aviation preflight indoctrination training performance and 4.3% of the unique variance in flight performance. In general, attention control measures improved training outcome classification accuracy, and the antisaccade and selective visual arrays tests of attention control demonstrated relatively small differences between majority and minority subgroups.
Validation of CBCL depression scores of adolescents in three independent datasets
Authors: Zelenina Marie , Pine Daniel , Stringaris Argyris , Nielson Dylan M
Published: January 2023

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset (ABCD) is a popular source of data for research on children and adolescents, aged 9-11 at baseline. Depression is frequently first diagnosed in adolescents, is prevalent and carries heavy burden, thus ABCD provides an attractive opportunity to research depression in adolescents. The only continuous measure of depression provided in ABCD is the parent-report Child Behavior Checklist’s DSM-5-Oriented Affective Problems scale (CBCL-Aff). It is important for depression research in the ABCD dataset that the CBCL-Aff is a valid measure of depression in this age group. We, therefore, tested the sensitivity and specificity of the CBCL-Aff for depression in the ABCD data. CBCL-Aff agreed with parent-report of children’s symptoms but disagreed with child self-report. To resolve this disagreement, we further confirmed our results in two independent datasets, aged 9-12: the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) and the Brazilian High Risk Cohort Study (BHRC). Both datasets provided clinician-report depression diagnoses, which we used as a gold standard. CBCL-Aff successfully predicted clinician-report diagnoses, supporting its validity as a continuous measure of depression. As parents and children disagreed on the child’s symptoms, we discuss implications of using a parent-report only measure of child depression.
Breathing Unequal Air: Environmental Disadvantage and Residential Sorting of Immigrant Minorities in England and Germany
Authors: Rüttenauer Tobias , Bader Felix , Ehler Ingmar , Best Henning
Published: January 2023

Despite ongoing debates on environmental justice, the link between selective residential migration and the unequal exposure to environmental hazards remains underexplored. Previous research has often relied on spatially aggregated data and focused on single-country analyses, limiting our understanding of broader patterns. We address this gap using longitudinal household-level data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the German Socio-Economic Panel linked to air pollution estimates (NO2, PM2.5, and SO2). We find that immigrant minorities are exposed to higher levels of air pollution at their place of residence. The overall disadvantage faced by immigrant minorities in England is three times as large as in Germany. Given that immigrant households start under initially higher levels of air pollution, one would expect convergence with non-immigrant populations over time due to residential moves. However, immigrants face a substantial penalty when moving. If native households started in similar neighbourhoods as immigrants -- the relevant counterfactual -- they would experience higher gains from relocation. Socio-economic factors cannot explain these differences. The pattern holds in both England and Germany, although inequalities in residential mobility are more pronounced in England. In particular, racial and ethnic minorities, such as Bangladeshi, Caribbean and African migrants in England and Turkish migrants in Germany, experience the largest environmental disadvantages.
Physical activities, dietary profile and nutritional status of students from the Higher Institute of Physical and Sports Education (ISEPS), Marien Ngouabi University in Congo-Brazzaville
Authors:   Laboratory of Food and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo Republic, Mabossy-Mobouna Germain , Ombeni Justin B. ,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institut Supérieur de Techniques Médicales ISTM-Bukavu, South Kivu province, D.R. Congo., Mokemiabeka Nicaise Saturnin ,   Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo Republic.
Published: January 2023

A study of the physical activities, food profile and nutritional status of the students was carried out at the Higher Institute of Physical and Sports Education (ISEPS) of Marien Ngouabi University in Congo-Brazzaville. Its objective was to assess the physical activity level, food profile and nutritional status of these students in order to compare them with the current recommendations. A food consumption survey that included all activities performed during the day was conducted on 291 students ranging in age from 18 to 48 years. The weekly method was used. Energy expenditure was calculated by multiplying a base expenditure by the physical activity level (PAL). The individual's nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI). Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. The students' physical activity level was high, with an average PAL of 1.89. Energy expenditure was 2531.64 kcal for girls and 3045.18 kcal for boys. These expenditures were consistent with moderately active athletes' recommendations. These students' dietary profiles did not adhere to current nutritional recommendations, with unbalanced, non-diversified food rations and certain meals skipped or even eliminated. Despite the high prevalence of overweight, including obesity (17.5% overweight and 9.3% obesity) and a few cases of underweight (6.5%), the nutritional status was normal overall (23.91 kg/m2 in girls and 23.88 kg/m2 in boys). The findings of this study showed that ISEPS students have a high physical activity level, an unbalanced food intake, and normal nutritional status.
Biosurfactants from renewable sources - A review
Authors: Gunjal Aparna
Published: January 2023

Biosurfactants have wide applications in pharmaceutical, agriculture and food industries. The research area of biosurfactants is gaining immense attention. The review mentions here the advantages and various substrates used for biosurfactants production. The pre-treatment of substrates for biosurfactants production is also focused. The production of biosurfactants by solid state fermentation is also described. The renewable substrates, yield and microorganisms used for biosurfactant production are also taken into consideration. The screening methods for biosurfactant are also described. The use of renewable sources for biosurfactant production is specially focused in the review. This will be very eco-friendly, easy and economical. More studies need to BE done on large-scale production of biosurfactants using genetically engineered microorganisms.