bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welfare stigma in a social democratic welfare regime during a decade of national public debate: production, contestation and continuities
Authors: Lundberg Kjetil Grimastad , Syltevik Liv Johanne
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to investigate how welfare stigma is produced and counteracted in the public sphere in a social democratic welfare regime. The Norwegian case represents a generous welfare state that historically has been thought to lessen and avoid stigma connected to welfare benefits. While studies have identified a hardening anti-welfare consensus and stigma production in liberal welfare regimes, we know less about how the connection between welfare benefits, stigma production and resistance has played out in the recent developments in the social democratic welfare regime context. Public debates give access to a dynamic political battleground where different actors participate, and we analyse six welfare-related national debates covered in Norwegian newspapers between 2010 and 2019. We identify key stakeholders, symbolic boundaries used to distinguish deserving from undeserving recipients, and we discuss the outcomes and wider functions of these debates. The debates contain moral aspects of welfare and allegations of fraud by recipients in general as well as by targeted groups such as Somali single mothers, refugees and young adults. We find that stigmatizing framings known from other national contexts also enter the Norwegian debates and illustrate how welfare stigma production plays a role in promoting more selective welfare policies.
Rotation of a ring around a horizontal rod
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: April 2024

A simple experiment is described where a metal ring was rotated in a vertical plane on a horizontal rod. The ring rotated about 100 times before coming to a stop, so the friction force on the ring remained very small. However, measurements of the rotation frequencies of the ring around the rod and around its centre of mass indicated that the ring was sliding rather than rolling, with an unusually low coefficient of sliding friction.
Non-extensive effects on the QCD equation of state and fluctuations of conserved charges within Polyakov quark meson model
Authors: Diab Abdel Magied
Published: April 2024

The influence of non-extensive Tsallis statistics on the hadron phase structure has been investigated using the Polyakov-quark-meson (PQM) model. The analysis examines the non-extensive effects on the temperature dependence of PQM order parameters, thermodynamic quantities related to the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) equation of state, and fluctuations of conserved charges at varying chemical potentials. The results show that non-extensive effects have the most significant deviations near the crossover region. The pseudo-critical temperature T

χ
(μ

B
) is not a universal constant and decreases with increasing non-extensive q parameter. The chiral phase diagram of the PQM model indicates a decrease in the behavior of the (T

χ
− μ

B
) plane with increasing non-extensive q parameter. The PQM model exhibits good qualitative agreement with lattice QCD calculations. Moreover, these findings suggest the existence of a Tsallis limit, which serves as an alternative to the Stefan–Boltzmann limit for the massless ideal gas. The critical endpoint exhibits lower temperature but higher chemical potential with increasing non-extensive q parameter. Overall, this study highlights the importance of non-extensive Tsallis statistics in characterizing the quark-hadron phase structure of the PQM model and contributes to a deeper understanding of non-extensive effects in the quark-hadron phase transition.
Thermoelectric optimization using first principles calculation and single parabolic band model: a case of Ca0.5La0.5−x
Bi
x
MnO3 (x = 0, 0.25)
Authors: Raharjo Bambang Mulyo , Kurniawan Budhy , Soegijono Bambang , Munazat Dicky Rezky , Razaq Dhawud Sabilur , Suprayoga Edi
Published: April 2024

Conducting optimization calculations for thermoelectric performance can be beneficial in guiding the direction of further experimental work. In our study, we utilize a combination of the first principle, Boltzmann transport and restructured single parabolic band model to investigate the half-doped semiconductors based on manganite. Ca0.5La0.5−x
Bi
x
MnO3 (x = 0, 0.25) as samples shows the power factor (PF) optimum value of 30% and 69% for x = 0 and 0.25, respectively at a temperature of 800 K. In addition, both samples show two to three orders of magnitude smaller lattice thermal conductivity than their electronic thermal conductivity. This excludes complex phononic transport mechanisms from the calculation of the figure of merit (ZT). The ZT calculations of Ca0.5L0.5MnO3 and Ca0.5L0.5−x
Bi
x
MnO3 are corrected by the ratio of the transport relaxation time of electrical conductivity to the transport relaxation time of electronic thermal conductivity by the Lorenz number, resulting in ZT values of 0.063 and 0.327 at a temperature of 800 K, respectively.
Molecular dynamics simulations into rolling scraping of nickel-copper bilayer film
Authors: Dai Liangwu , Gao Jiawei , Yao Tingqiang
Published: April 2024

In order to investigate the nanoscale friction mechanism and deformation behavior of nickel-copper bilayer film under rolling scraping, the effects of different factors during friction process such as the translation velocity, rotation velocity, radius of abrasive grain, contact depth, texture direction and crystallographic orientation are analyzed through molecular dynamics methods in terms of contact force, atomic lattice structure, internal substrate dislocation, kinetic energy and temperature. Results show that the contact force increases with the increase of the translation velocity or the decrease of the rotation velocity. Abrasive grains in a purely rolling state cause the most serious damage to the substrate. The contact force increases with the increase of contact depth or the decrease of abrasive grain radius. The crystallographic orientation has a significant effect on rolling scraping process and there is a crystallographic orientation with the minimum contact force. The degrees of substrate dislocation and the numbers of lattice reconstruction atoms under different factors and levels vary widely.
Structural deformation and clamping force monitoring of reconfigurable tooling motivated by strain data in aircraft assembly
Authors: Li Chengyu , Hu Junshan , Kang Ruihao , Yang Yuhang , Jin Jie , Tian Wei
Published: April 2024

The quality of aircraft assembly is mainly guaranteed by toolings which are vital to the geometrical accuracy and service performance of aviation products. In this research, a real-time monitoring system that determines the structural deformation and clamping force of reconfigurable toolings using strain data is developed to perceive the service state of the toolings. By laying fiber Bragg gratings on positioning beam and baseplate of the reconfigurable tooling, strain data of the tooling structures are gauged and transferred to curvatures. The beam and baseplate are modeled as one and two-dimensional objects respectively and shape reconstruction algorithms are established to obtain their deflection curve and surface using curvature information. Distribution of fibers is optimized to minimize the conversion error from strain to curvature. An estimation that reveals the mathematical relationship between the shape reconstruction error and measurement interval is implemented, and a mapping model from strains to clamping force of the beam is established. These algorithms are integrated into the self-developed monitoring software and undergo simulating and experimental tests. The maximum relative errors of deformation and force are 4.53% and 4.12% respectively in simulation, and 9.21% and 7.29% individually in experiment, which validates the efficiencies of the method. Tests of the monitoring system suggest that it can provide a timely and accurate sensing of the deformation and force of the tooling.
Quantum reaction-limited reaction–diffusion dynamics of noninteracting Bose gases
Authors: Rowlands Shiphrah , Lesanovsky Igor , Perfetto Gabriele
Published: April 2024

We investigate quantum reaction–diffusion (RD) systems in one-dimension with bosonic particles that coherently hop in a lattice, and when brought in range react dissipatively. Such reactions involve binary annihilation (

A
+
A
→
∅

) and coagulation (

A
+
A
→
A

) of particles at distance d. We consider the reaction-limited regime, where dissipative reactions take place at a rate that is small compared to that of coherent hopping. In classical RD systems, this regime is correctly captured by the mean-field approximation. In quantum RD systems, for noninteracting fermionic systems, the reaction-limited regime recently attracted considerable attention because it has been shown to give universal power law decay beyond mean field for the density of particles as a function of time. Here, we address the question whether such universal behavior is present also in the case of the noninteracting Bose gas. We show that beyond mean-field density decay for bosons is possible only for reactions that allow for destructive interference of different decay channels. Furthermore, we study an absorbing-state phase transition induced by the competition between branching

A
→
A
+
A

, decay

A
→
∅

and coagulation

A
+
A
→
A

. We find a stationary phase-diagram, where a first and a second-order transition line meet at a bicritical point which is described by tricritical directed percolation. These results show that quantum statistics significantly impact on both the stationary and the dynamical universal behavior of quantum RD systems.
23 KHz linewidth 1064 nm SOA based fiber laser by using parallel type subring cavities
Authors: Liaw Shien-Kuei , Marlina Lina , Wang Zi , Chen Shu-Miao , Lee Bo-Heng , Tsai Hsiou-Hsin
Published: April 2024

This study presents a high-quality fiber ring laser created by integrating a semiconductor optical amplifier to generate amplified spontaneous emission with a four-subring resonator and utilizing the nonlinear polarization rotator effect. When the driven current of 400 mA, the laser exhibited a maximum power deviation of 0.204 dB and a wavelength deviation of 0.012 nm during a one-hour testing period. Furthermore, utilizing a delayed self-heterodyne measurement system, we measured the linewidth of the self-made fiber laser to be 23 kHz.
Parameters for selecting biological features in multifunctional bio-inspired design: a convergent evolution approach
Authors: Velivela Pavan Tejaswi , Ridard Arnaud , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona
Published: April 2024

Combining different biological features exhibiting different functions is necessary to generate uncommon and unique multifunctional bio-inspired conceptual designs. Different biological features independently evolve characteristics to solve the same need/necessity. This phenomenon is called convergent evolution. Without parameters, selecting a suitable feature from those that exhibit the same function and have the same geometric relevance becomes quite difficult. This research investigates and identifies the parameters that have the potential to support choosing the suitable biological feature and to support the multifunctional design concept generation. In this paper, parameters are hypothesized by studying the mechanisms of tissue formation responsible for generating structural features in a biological system. These parameters are used in the Expandable Domain Integrated Design ideation model to aid designers in choosing and combining suitable biological features for multifunctional concepts. A case study is presented to validate the effectiveness of the parameters in the selection process.
Probability of Erosion Utilizing Google Earth Engine and the RUSLE Method in the Tuntang Watershed
Authors: Sentani A , Niam M F , Boogaard F.C.
Published: April 2024

The Tuntang Watershed is an important watershed in Central Java. Management of watersheds in the Tuntang stream is a priority for various parties to carry out. One of the things that threatens the sustainability of the Tuntang watershed is erosion. The erosion rate can lead to sediment accumulation and siltation in the Tuntang River reservoir, which can cause catastrophic flooding. Flood disaster mitigation caused by erosion needs to be done, one of which is by calculating the erosion rate per year that occurs in the Tuntang watershed. This study calcultated the predicted erosion rate (per year in the Tuntang watershed) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE). Google offers a cloud-storage technology called GEE. Programming in JavaScript is required to operate GEE. GEE is a petabyte-scale data-based tool that can be used to analyze and archive geospatial data that is open source. The computing environment is designed for the processing of geospatial data, including the depiction of spatial analysis of satellite imagery. Data for RUSLE is obtained from the database in GEE, and the results can be imaged on a map. According to the study’s findings, the degree of soil erosion throughout the Tuntang Watershed was essentially constant, with Moderate erosion predominating in the majority of locations. Senjoyo Sub Watershed, Rowopening Sub Watershed, and Tuntang Hilir Sub Watershed are the primary locations with severe erosion. Rowopening Sub Watershed is the region that is the worst.
Liquefaction Potential Analysis in Terboyo Industrial Park
Authors: Agustina Selvia
Published: April 2024

Terboyo industrial park is one of the most important industrial areas in Semarang City. It is located on the north sea coast of Java, where in fact the land is alluvial soil. The characteristic of alluvial soil which is loose and tends to store much water can cause liquefaction phenomena when it is hit by an earthquake. Moreover, Semarang city is passed by an active fault along 34 km which has the potential to cause an earthquake measuring 6.5 magnitudes. Liquefaction is one geotechnical phenomena that occur due to cyclic loads. It causes the soil to lose its carrying capacity and function like a liquid, so it is very dangerous for the infrastructure above it. The research objective to analyze the possibility of liquefaction in Terboyo industrial park. This research method was begun with collect secondary data in the form of soil data and earthquake data. After collecting data, then the data was processed and analyzed using semi-empirical methods. The data processing produces cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) values which were analyzed for safety factor (SF) as a parameter for the level of liquefaction potential. Then, know the level of liquefaction potential from the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) method is the following procedure. Based on the results of the liquefaction potential analysis, the soil in Terboyo Industrial Park is very vulnerable to liquefaction hazards because the LPI value is 23.57.
Utilization of rainwater harvesting to conserve water in buildings in Semarang City
Authors: Syahputra B
Published: April 2024

Rainwater harvesting makes a major contribution to sustainable development. The utilization of rainwater for building operations is in line with sustainable development goals for 2030. This research aims to provide an overview of rainwater which can be used as an alternative source of raw water in buildings in Semarang City. This research was carried out purposively on buildings in the city of Semarang that had received function-worthiness certificates. The research results show that the largest rainwater harvesting dimension is the Ciputra building of 372 m3 with rainwater potential that can be utilized in the form of runoff of 0.758 m3/second or 65491.2 m3/day, while the smallest dimension is the Pusatand building of 55 m3 with rainwater potential which can be utilized in the form of runoff of 0.112 m3/second or 9679.8 m3/day. Municipal waterworks (PDAM) tariff costs have decreased after carrying out rainwater harvesting. The largest percentage decline was in the Ciputra building, namely 65.72%, while the smallest was in The Pinnacle at 5.16%. The size of the Municipal waterworks (PDAM) water tariff is determined by the ground floor area of the building since the ground floor area contributes to the dimensions of rainwater harvesting.
Analysis of Green Building Implementation in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building
Authors: Adeswastoto H
Published: April 2024

Green building, or green construction, is an approach to designing, constructing, and operating buildings that takes into consideration their impact on the environment and human health. Based on this, there is a need to conduct a study on green building in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building to determine its green building rating or level of implementation. This research aims to analyze the implementation of green building and the benefits it generates. The research methods employed include a literature review and a case study. In the literature review, various relevant sources such as scholarly journals, articles, and research reports are used to gather information about the concept and practices of green building. The case study is conducted in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building by analyzing several buildings that have been constructed and are in operation. The analysis is performed using the Greenship Existing Building version 1.1 standards from GBCI. Greenship EB 1.1 consists of 6 (six) standards, namely land use, energy efficiency and management, water management, materials cycle and resources, indoor air quality, and building environmental management. The analysis results indicate that the implementation of green building falls short in many aspects due to the lack of available benchmarks. Recommendations that can be provided include the use of more environmentally friendly construction materials, the adoption of more effective energy-saving systems, the utilization of advanced water management technologies, and improvements in waste management.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Geotextile and Sub-Drainage in Addressing Road Subsidence on Bumiayu–Sirampog Road, Brebes Regency
Authors: Fitriani D
Published: April 2024

Road subsidence commonly occurs in highlands which have poor soil parameters, supported by a lack of proper treatment to prevent subsidence. Common problems are the unequal bearing capacity of the subgrade at each location and variations in settlement caused by the presence of soft soil layers beneath the subgrade. This is why using a geotextile approach is the first step. Like the road subsidence incident located in Sridadi Village, Kec. Sirampog, Kab. Brebes, to be precise at KM 116+100 to KM 116+250, was caused by ground movement which was influenced by a fault from the North East to the South West. Based on the collection and processing of primary and secondary data, the results of the technical evaluation of road repairs on soft soil were obtained, namely treatment with geotextile reinforcement, namely class 1 stabilizer type. Use of 5″ PVC pipe sub-drainage and Ø 1 m Armco to drain water below the ground surface. Through 2D V20 plaxis modeling, the condition of soil stability can be determined before and after the use of geotextiles and sub-drainage at that location. Namely, it can minimize the extreme value of land displacement (Utot) which was originally 5.126 m to 1,414 m. And the reduction value obtained based on field observations was smaller than the laboratory calculation, namely 0.700 m < 0.845 m.
Prediction of the Hydrological Drought Index (HDI) based on Rain Simulation Data using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the Randugunting Watershed, Rembang Regency
Authors: Poedjiastoeti Hermin , Adi Henny Pratiwi , Wahyudi Rahmatia Sarah
Published: April 2024

Randugunting Watershed, with the main river Randugunting River, originates from the North Limestone Mountains of Rembang Regency. Because of its cyclical nature, the river flow discharge is continually subject to change. The discharge rises during rainy weather and falls during dry weather. Due to this issue, Rembang will likely experience drought throughout the dry season. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the drought index and its sharpness based on the Hydrological Drought Index Method (HDI) and (2) make drought predictions using the HDI based on discharge for the years 2023–2026 using simulated rain data with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Calculation of regional rainfall using the Thiessen Polygon Method. To find simulated rain and drought prediction based on the ANN with Backpropagation algorithm using Mathlab software. From the analysis indicate that the number of months that would experience wet conditions are decreasing from 7 months in 2023 and 2024 to 6 months in 2025 and only 3 months in 2026. In the anticipated drought from 2023 to 2026, there will be 14 dry months, 8 very dry months, and 3 extremely dry months. The examination of the hydrological drought’s duration revealed that the typical drought period fell between May and November.
The Use of Roughness Meter of Geophone Basis for Evaluating Functional Performance of Highways
Authors: Utomo Eko Wahyu , Siegfried
Published: April 2024

The performance of a road link is globally divided into two categories: structural and functional. The structural performance is a condition shown by the condition of its remaining life, while the functional one relates to the comfort of road users passing on the pavement link. The roughness meter used is based on the censor of geophones and GPS, while the general roughness meters are based on accelerometer sensors such as ARRB, IRI meter, etc. The main reason to use the geophone is because the accelerometer and geophone are the sensors used to measure displacement. The theories behind this roughness meter are based on Watanabe et al. The retrieved data uses a stand-alone program based on Visual Basic 6. An Arduino Mega 2560 is used for the microcontroller, and the post-processing operation is programmed with MATLAB. Another advantage of this roughness meter is that the results of IRI values can be presented on a map, making it much easier for the road authority to determine the condition of the road links tested. This type of roughness meter has been tested for two road links in the Central Java province. Both of the two links have an average value of IRI of 3.7, which means that they are still in routine maintenance, but soon, they will get to the stage of minor rehabilitation.
Geofoam Block in Soft Soil Embankment Applications: A Review
Authors: Anggraini M , Dhamrodji P. , Maizir H
Published: April 2024

The major issues of building a road over soft soils are low bearing capacity and large settlements. The challenges of road construction on soft soils are enormous, so innovative and environmentally friendly methods are required. Geofoam is a type of lightweight infill material and was already used in Norway in road construction applications in 1972. Using Geofoam reduces compacted fill by 40%, less excavation required and less pulverization of native soil making this a time-saving and economically and environmentally viable solution. The purpose of Geofoam backfill is for lightweight backfilling, reducing soil pressure. Geofoam blocks can be used as a substitute for soft soil fill or as fill on top of soft soil as subgrade for pavement. This paper discusses the latest developments on the various applications of Geofoam blocks as backfill in soft soils presented based on information provided by the author.
Evaluation of building structure planning using SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019 in earthquake-prone areas
Authors: Dumaria  , Lubis F , Apriani W
Published: April 2024

The Indonesian National Standardization Body has updated the regulations on procedures for planning and constructing buildings to make them more effective and efficient by issuing SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The Training Center Building is planned in 2019 using SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 2847:2013. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the strength of the structural elements of the Training Center Building based on SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. This research was conducted using the Response spectrum method with the help of the ETABS.20.2.0 application and SP COLUMN.16 and was guided by SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The results of the Modeling of the Training Center Building for mass participation that has occurred have not met the requirements of SNI 1726:2019 because they have not fulfilled the 100% requirement, namely 99.7% for the X direction and 99.7% for the Y direction, so that it is evaluated using SNI 1726:2019, participation is obtained the mass has been reached 100% in the 11th mode. The drift between floors for the X and Y directions is safe. Analysis based on SNI 2847:2019 has not met the safety requirements of the structure because there are 5 beams that experience overstress or overstress, namely beams B77, B78 on the 1st floor, beams B63 and B80 on the 2nd floor and beam B81 on the 3rd floor.
Cost Overrun Factor of Toll Road Project Construction
Authors: Isfahani Muhammad Nafhan , Romadhon Eri Setia , Romadhon Muhammad Imany
Published: April 2024

Results in more than 45 studies of infrastructure projects in 20 countries that ran overestimate. For rail projects, they predict average cost increases of 45%, for fixed-line projects (tunnels and bridges), of 34%, and for highway projects, of 30%. Indonesia is one of the 20 nations on 5 continents where cost overruns are a common occurrence. Cost overruns are one of the problems faced by most construction projects in Indonesia. Unexpected budget cost overruns can create many problems in the project. Therefore, every stakeholder in the project needs to have a good understanding of factors that cause cost overruns to avoid or minimize it risks in the project. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause cost overrun on a project and analyze the factors that are most influential on the occurrence of cost overrun on construction projects. This study used a systematic literature review to collect data from previous studies. This study resulted in 6 management elements, consisting of 85 variables identified in this study. 6 management elements factors, including material factors, labor factors, equipment factors, subcontractor factors, financial factors, and external factors. This is a fairly broad category that includes projects. The most cause factor of cost overrun land acquisition problems
Analysis of Soil Permeability Batu Bulan Dam’s Right Secondary Irrigation Canal in Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: Najimuddin D
Published: April 2024

The assessment of soil and water conditions is crucial in planning and management of an irrigation system. This study focused primarily on investigating the fine aggregate flow absorption conditions of the soil from the secondary irrigation canal of the Batu Bulan Dam’s right bank in Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia. Soil permeability level was determined in a laboratory setting using standard water absorption parameters of an irrigation canal. Analysis of specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate showed that sand sample (A) had a bulk specific gravity of 2.53, a saturated surface dried specific gravity of 2.55, and a water absorption of 0.92 percent. Sand sample (B) had a specific gravity of 2.53, a saturated surface dried specific gravity of 2.56 and an absorption rate of 1.02%. According to the characteristics of fine aggregate (sand) standard, the specific gravity range is between 1.6 and 3.3. Thus, the mud content value of the sand samples follows the standards set by SNI. The sand sample (A) exhibited a water absorption rate of 0.92%, whereas sand sample (B) displayed a water absorption rate of 1.02%. As per the Fine Aggregate Inspection Standard, the upper limit for water absorption in fine aggregate is prescribed as 3% of dry weight for concrete with abrasion and 5% of dry weight for non-abrasive concrete. Thus, the mud content value of the sand samples complies with SNI standards. The results suggest that future irrigation strategies should consider the distinct characteristics of native aquifers, the routes of groundwater movement, and the conveyance of soil nutrients to ensure the sustainability of agricultural development in secondary irrigation areas adjacent to reservoirs.
Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete Using in the Form of 30% Ceramics and 70% Polymer Crushed Stone as Adhesive
Authors: Ryanto M , Mulyadi A , Sari D Y , Rosadi
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to determine the influence of mechanical properties of polymer concrete by compressive test after the addition of ceramic materials and crushed stone, polymers as adhesives. Polymer paste mixture 1:2 (catalyst:resin). Tests on cube-shaped specimens with dimensions of 15 x 15 x 15 cm are 3 days old. From the test results, it was obtained that the highest compressive strength of concrete BPK30(1) 27.66 Mpa with a test specimen weight of 6,537 kg was found in a mixture of polymer paste with a content of 20% and the lowest compressive strength of polymer concrete was found in a mixture of polymer concrete BPK30(3) with a content of 50% polymer paste with a test specimen weight of 6,506 kg, which was 16.60 Mpa. While BPK30(2) with a resin content of 40% produces concrete compressive strength equal to test specimen 1 of 27.66 Mpa. With a specimen weight of 6,548 kg. From the test results, there was a decrease in the compressive strength value of concrete from BPK30(2) to BPK30(3) by 11.06 Mpa. All samples fall under the classification of heavy concrete of high quality (high strength concrete).
Analysis of Pavement Conditions and Handling of Road Damage at the Surface Layer
Authors: Syukri M , Juandana H , Kusdian D , Garnida H , Pratiwi A A R
Published: April 2024

The Cukul - Buni Kasih road section at the Garut Regency Boundary in Pangalengan District, West Bandung Regency, West Java Province, is pivotal in facilitating economic growth and regional development. Spanning 3.493 km with a width of 3.12 m, this study aims to assess its condition and identify road damage types. Key indices, including SDI (Surface Distress Index), RCI (Road Condition Index), IRI (International Roughness Index), and PCI (Pavement Condition Index), were employed to evaluate road health. Visual analysis revealed an average SDI value of 112, indicating minor damage. The RCI method yielded an average value of 5, denoting slightly damaged conditions. IRI assessment resulted in an average value of 9, reflecting slight damage. The PCI method yielded an average of 46, signifying poor (bad) conditions. Predominant damage types include potholes, alongside alligator cracking, patching, edge cracking, weathering/raveling, and rutting. In summary, the Cukul – Buni Kasih road section (Garut Regency Boundary) is predominantly damaged, necessitating urgent attention. The assessment utilizing SDI, RCI, IRI, and PCI methods provides valuable insights for planning and executing necessary road maintenance measures.
Compressive Strength of Palm Ash Geopolymer Mortar against High Temperatures
Authors: Syarif H.A , Antonius  , Setiyawan P. , Edison B. , Hidayat A. , Rismalinda
Published: April 2024

Palm ash geopolymer mortar is an alternative material that can be used in construction materials. This study to analyze the physical characteristics of palm ash geopolymer mortar against the effects of high temperatures. The mortar sample will be designed with a geopolymer mixture consisting of sand, palm ash, alkaline activator solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) as an adhesive paste to replace cement. The geopolymer composition will take into account the effect of palm ash with an alkaline activator solution, so the optimal composition will be a sample size of 5x5x5 cm. Then the sample is put into the oven furnace to give high temperature effect on the mortar with temperature variations of 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C, and a mixture of 10%, 20%, 30% portland composite cement substitution by weight of palm ash. The results on the temperature variation of the maximum value of compressive strength occurred at 200°C with 20% cement variation and the minimum compressive strength results occurred at 100°C for 10% cement variation. The effect of high temperature will have an effect on visually different physical characteristics. These resulted in the composition of the palm ash geopolymer components which would affect high temperatures which resulted in changes in the physical characteristics of the palm ash geopolymer mortar.
Heave in the Soil due to Driving Pile Foundations
Authors: Fitriyana L , Ni’am M F , Jabra M M M , Mulya E R
Published: April 2024

GIS 150 KV Tambak Lorok III Semarang is a coastal area, stabilization is carried out with piles to reduce land subsidence in the area. In the piling process the soil grains are forced vertically and laterally when the pile foundation is driven into the ground, thus increasing the water pressure in the soil pore system. Nearby buildings will be affected and may suffer damage. The pile driving location for the GIS 150 KV Tambak Lorok III Semarang project is adjacent to other structures. So, the amount of land that needs to be cleared around the project must be calculated. This study uses methodology that makes theoretical predictions about the magnitude of heave caused by piles. Subsequently, vertical ground movement measurements made using the Finite Element Method (Plaxis Program) were compared with the theoretical predictions. Pile depth variations of 45 and 50 meters were performed in the plaxis analysis. In conclusion, the results of the two approaches will be contrasted. In the GIS 150 KV Tambak Lorok III Semarang project, soldier piles with a diameter of about 600 mm were driven 45 meters deep into the ground with hydraulic jacks. The theory led to the conclusion that the heave values for the effect of piling at -45 m depth and at -50 m depth were 0.1285 m and 0.1284 m, respectively. Based on Plaxis pile measurements at a depth of 45 meters, the vertical soil movement value was 5.80 cm, while 4.90 cm was recorded for a depth of 50 meters.
Foam Mortar Layer in Soft Subgrade Embankment: A Review
Authors: Jusi U , Dhamrodji P. , Maizir H
Published: April 2024

Soils are the basis of the construction of civil engineering structures that are designed to support and withstand the weight of the structures above them. The main problems of soft soil include low bearing capacity and large settlement. In road pavements, the sub grade as the bottom layer of the road must have a good bearing capacity. Subgrade is a part that must be considered because of the weight of the pavement structure and the embankment above it. Soft soil conditions cause the need for reinforcement of the sub grade layer. Solving the problem of road construction is done by engineering so that the sub grade as the bottom layer of the road is safe and stable and has a good bearing capacity. The effort made to increase the bearing capacity of the subgrade is by reinforcing the soil (soil improvement). One of them is with lightweight material mortar-foam is an alternative construction material in soil reinforcement for road construction. Mortar-foam is formed from a mixture of foam, cement, sand and water. Research on foam mortars has been conducted in various places and countries in various ways and methods. This article will discuss the latest developments in the use of foam mortars as backfill in soft soils in the subgrade layer presented based on information provided by the author.
Fly Ash and Fiber Waste As Principal Geopolymer Mortar Material: A Review
Authors: Megasari S W , Amir A , Suryanita R
Published: April 2024

Geopolymer mortar is an innovative mortar using fly ash waste as an alternative to cement. The development of advanced fiber geopolymer mortar materials is an alternative solution to the weaknesses and shortcomings of conventional materials so that they have the ability to reduce and even absorb sound intensity and prevent noise propagation in overcoming noise problems in the field of building construction. Many factors can affect sound absorption, including the type of aggregate, modification of material composition that has a density level in fiber geopolymer mortar. The development of fiber geopolymer mortar can be developed in the construction field to reduce sound frequency and improve sound insulation. There are also different measurement mechanisms to determine the performance of the material in improving sound quality. This paper aims to review the performance of sound-absorbing fiber geopolymer mortar. This review is expected to provide insight into the development of fiber geopolymer mortar in building construction to improve comfort and reduce noise pollution.
Experimental Study Of Simple Cyclic Testing On Reinforced Beam Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP)
Authors: Prasetiawan J , Amir A , Setiyawan P
Published: April 2024

The geographical location of Indonesia on the Ring of Fire makes it prone to earthquakes. Frequent earthquakes cause failures in construction. Construction failures must be repaired to restore the strength of the structures to their original or even higher levels. One type of structural reinforcement is Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP). FRP can enhance the strength of beams damaged by earthquakes, alter the structural failure mode, increase load-carrying capacity, and prolong plastic hinges in beam elements. This study recommends using FRP to reinforce concrete structures, particularly beams. The first stage of the research involves experimental testing on a prototype not wrapped with FRP. After reaching peak strength and experiencing failure, then the prototype is covered with FRP. Subsequently, the prototype is retested until it gets peak strength and experiences failure again. Both specimens are subjected to monotonic loading, which is simulated as cyclic loading. Data processing is performed by analyzing the results of the experimental testing on both prototypes. The processed data includes crack patterns in the beams, cyclic load capacity, displacement, strain of concrete, strain in the primary reinforcement, and strain in the stirrup reinforcement.
Pre-Design of Pavement Behavior of Nailed-Slab System to Soft Soils Due to Eccentric and Lateral Axial Loads
Authors: Kusrin  , Rochim A
Published: April 2024

Under natural conditions, low to medium-density soils tend to experience considerable deformation when crossed by repeated loads from vehicles. Therefore, a pavement structure is needed to protect the soil from excessive loads caused by vehicles. Rigid pavement is one of the common types of road pavement used on soft subgrade soils. A proposed method to address road pavement issues on soft soils is the nailed-slab system. This research is a quantitative study through an experimental method conducted in the laboratory using a 1:1 scale. A container houses a prototype of rigid pavement featuring a nailed-slab system. Strain gauges are installed at specific points on the pile and pavement slab, and they are connected to a computer to record any changes in deflection that occur on the pile and the pavement slab when subjected to eccentric and axial lateral loads. Numerical analysis is also performed using Plaxis for comparison. It is found that lateral loads can affect the interaction between the soil and the pile. Repeated lateral loads can create gaps that reduce the soil friction against the pile. These gaps tend to become larger as the lateral loads are increased and applied repeatedly, thus causing a greater settlement of the slab above them as well.
Development Of Paving Block Pave Structure Based On Type Of Pattern In Light Traffic For Traffic Safety And Comfort
Authors: Yusuf M
Published: April 2024

Factors that cause accidents include traffic characteristics and road infrastructure, environmental conditions, vehicle design and specifications, and human factors. The object of this study is road infrastructure, namely the road structure at traffic light stops points because the accident hazard at crossroads is a determinant of traffic safety and driving comfort. In Coastal Area/Upstream Area, To overcome road infrastructure problems at traffic light points which are the cause of traffic safety and driving comfort, the design of Concrete block pavement is one of the solutions to overcome these problems. Concrete block pavement is often used for the construction of sidewalks, bicycle paths, residential driveways, parking lots, industrial areas as well as harbors and airports and other permeable areas. Concrete block pavement is used in Europe in extreme weather. Specially designed concrete block pavement innovations can withstand heavy static traffic loads such as rigid pavements, and these can be readjusted easily if a change in pavement layout is required. The method used in this study uses pure experimentation with the parameters of the variation of the pattern, the variation of the type, and the variation of the dimensions. This research uses the Autocad, PLAXIS and SAP2000 programs. This program finds moments and deformations that occur in the modeled paving blocks as well as soil deflections that occur due to deformation loads in various shapes (brick). The results obtained from the analysis of previous research show that there is the most optimum shape among the brick paving block shapes with a thickness of 6, 8 and 10 cm. The way to determine it is to make a paving block preparation simulation with the SketchUp, PLAXIS and SAP2000 programs. From the program calculations, the interlocking aspects, land subsidence and deformation aspects are produced.
Hybrid System PSO-ANFIS for Optimization of The Water Level in The Tank
Authors: Yunus M. , Siswanto Markhaban , Wahyudi S Imam , Soedarsono
Published: April 2024

The speed and pressure of the water flow are determined by the height and volume of the water. The speed of the water flow in the actuator is determined by the use of this flow sensor system. A good tank-based water flow control model should be developed. At a certain point, the actuator stabilizes the rate of water production per minute. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automatic and precise control technique. Many Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used in system optimization. Among them are Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and ANFIS. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is a combination of NN and FIS. In this study, the PSO method was combined with ANFIS. This hybrid method produces better optimization compared to the previous method. The best water level control simulation results are PSO-ANFIS with an overshot of 0.572 pu, undershot of 0.563 pu, and flow output overshot of 0.008 pu, undershot of 0.009 pu.
Evaluation of pedestrian paths in the trade area with water transport: Case study of Old Town Pekanbaru
Authors: Masrul W
Published: April 2024

Pekanbaru grew and developed starting from a pekan or market located on the banks of the Siak River. The development of Pekanbaru city is inseparable from the history that shaped it, where in the 16th century Pekanbaru was once the center of government of the kingdom of Siak Sri Indra Pura which then grew and developed with trade activities, and settlements to form a potential regional structure as a tourist destination, both shopping tourism, religious tourism, and tourism in the old residential area. Therefore, to accommodate and support the activities of the old city area of Pekanbaru, it is necessary to have adequate infrastructure such as pedestrian paths (Pedestrian Way). This study aims to evaluate the pedestrian path in the aspect of accessibility that connects the potential of the old city area of Pekanbaru such as the port area, trade area, and old residential area. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach through mapping the potential conditions of each character area that is reinforced by using quantitative methods with descriptive and simulation research frameworks. The results of the analysis show that some corridors in the trade area show better integration, which means that it is possible that in the trade area, there is more movement of people because it is easily accessible from various directions (accessible) while in the port area shows moderate integration and in residential areas tends to be low.
A Study of the Effect of Addition of Nano SiO2 and Polyamide Fiber toward Swelling Potential Expansive Clay
Authors: Hirwo N T , Pratikso  , Karlinasari R
Published: April 2024

Expansive clay with great swelling potential requires improvement or stabilization of the soil. It can be successfully done by mechanical and chemical stabilization techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Polyamide (PA) fibre as the material for mechanical stabilization and nano SiO2 as the material for chemical stabilization. The expansive clay used in this study deployed a sample of clay containing mineral montmorillonite with the USCS classification in the high plasticity (CH) category. The mixed materials used include PA fibre with variations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% by weight of dry soil and nano SiO2 with variations of 1%, 2% and 3% by dry soil weight. To prove the effectiveness of using nano SiO2, this study compares the treatment with the use of micro SiO2 materials under the same comparison variations. This result indicates that the expansive clay that has been stabilized using PA fibre and nano SiO2 is capable of preventing the swelling potential.
The concept of waqf-based communal space in supporting the independence of coastal communities (Case Study of Tugurejo Village, Semarang)
Authors: Rochani A , Puspitasari A Y , Yuliastuti N , Sudarwanto B
Published: April 2024

One aspect of Islamic culture that combines spatial, ritual, and social aspects is land waqf, or the generous granting of land and buildings on it for public use. Waqf forms an esoteric culture that connects the community to Islamic values through the establishment of places of worship and social existence. The fact that waqf has developed in various places raise the question of why waqf has been able to survive for so long, and what are the factors behind this. To answer this question, a study was conducted aimed at formulating the concept of waqf space to support the self-reliance of coastal communities. The research site is a coastal village in Tugurejo village, Semarang city. Through a comprehensive single case study approach, this study yielded the finding that waqf forms his seven spatial themes including: 1) Prayer space theme, 2) studying space theme, 3) Space sharing theme, 4) The business space theme, 5) Settlement infrastructure space theme, 6) Islamic shiar space theme, 7) Conservation space theme. These seven themes of his form a socio-economic concept in the form of a space of fraternity, and are the pillars that support the self-reliance of the community of Tugurejo village.