bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stateless Re-Association in WPA3 Using Paired Token
Authors: Lee Byoungcheon
Published: January 2021

In Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3), a secure connection is established in two sequential stages. Firstly, in the authentication and association stage, a pairwise master key (PMK) is generated. Secondly, in the post-association stage, a pairwise transient key (PTK) is generated from PMK using the traditional 4-way handshake protocol. To reduce the heavy load of the first stage, PMK caching can be used. If the client and AP are previously authenticated and have a PMK cache, the first heavy stage can be skipped and the cached PMK can be used to directly execute the 4-way handshake. However, PMK caching is a very primitive technology to manage shared key between a client and AP and there are many limitations; AP has to manage a stateful cache for a large number of clients, cache lifetime is limited, etc. Paired token (PT)is a new secondary credential scheme that provides stateless pre-shared key (PSK) in a client-server environment. The server issues a paired token (public token and secret token) to an authenticated client where the public token has the role of signed identity and the secret token is a kind of shared secret. Once a client is equipped with PT, it can be used for many symmetric key-based cryptographic applications such as authentication, authorization, key establishment, etc. In this paper, we apply the PT approach to WPA3 and try to replace the PMK caching with the one-time authenticated key establishment using PT. At the end of a successful full handshake, AP securely issues PT to the client. Then, in subsequent re-association requests, the client and AP can compute the same one-time authenticated PMK using PT in a stateless way. Using this kind of stateless re-association technology, AP can provide a high performance Wi-Fi service to a larger number of clients.
Dead-Time Correction Applied for Extended Flux-Based Sensorless Control of Assisted PMSMs in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Lin Cheng , Xing Jilei , Zhuang Xingming
Published: January 2021

Sensorless control technology of PMSMs is of great importance for safety and reliability in electric vehicles. Among all existing methods, only the extended flux-based method has great performance over all speed range. However, the accuracy and reliability of the extended flux rotor position observer are greatly affected by the dead-time effect. In this paper, the extended flux-based observer is adopted to develop a sensorless control system. The influence of dead-time effect on the observer is analyzed and a dead-time correction method is specially designed to guarantee the reliability of the whole control system. A comparison of estimation precision among the extended flux-based method, the electromotive force (EMF)-based method and the high frequency signal injection method is given by simulations. The performance of the proposed sensorless control system is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed extended flux-based sensorless control system with dead-time correction has satisfactory performance over full speed range in both loaded and non-loaded situations. The estimation error of rotor speed is within 4% in all working conditions. The dead-time correction method improves the reliability of the control system effectively.
Femoral Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed through the Interval of the Direct Anterior Approach
Authors: Thaler Martin , Dammerer Dietmar , Ban Michael , Leitner Hermann , Khosravi Ismail , Nogler Michael
Published: January 2021

Background: we report the clinical outcomes for femoral revision total hip replacement (THR) using the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) interval. Methods: 149 patients (165 hips) with a mean age of 68.9 years (range, 33.2–91.0 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (1.1–8.9 years) were included. The indication for revision surgery was aseptic stem loosening in 131 (79.4%) hips, periprosthetic fracture in 29 (17.6%) hips, revision for stem malalignment in one (0.6%) hip, and prosthetic failure in four (2.4%) hips. Results: an endofemoral approach was used for 156 hips, and a Wagner transfemoral osteotomy was used for nine hips. An additional cup revision was done in 52 hips (uncemented cup: n = 29; cemented cup: n = 21; acetabular cage: n = 2). The overall complication rate was 14.5% (24 complications). Ten patients (10 hips) were revised (8 cups, 2 liners, 2 stems) with an average time to revision of 6 months (range, 3–23 months). The median preoperative Western Ontario McMasters Osteoarthritis Score (WOMAC) score was 52.5 (Inter Quartile Range (IQR): 33.3), which improved to 27.2 (IQR: 30) postoperatively (p < 0.01). Conclusion: use of the DAA achieved similar results when compared with other surgical approaches in terms of clinical outcomes and complications, including dislocation rate. These results suggest that femoral revision using the DAA interval can be a safe and reliable procedure.
Association between Arthritis and Migraine: A US Nationally Representative Study Including 2649 Adults
Authors: Jacob Louis , Shin Jae Il , López-Sánchez Guillermo F. , Haro Josep Maria , Koyanagi Ai , Kim Jong Yeob , Kim Jae Han , Oh Hans , Smith Lee
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between arthritis and migraine in a large representative sample of the US adult population. The study used data from adults who participated in the RAND American Life Panel (ALP). Arthritis (excluding rheumatoid arthritis) and migraine were self-reported. Control variables included sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, education, employment, annual family income, stroke, epilepsy, coronary artery disease, asthma, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and alcohol dependence. The association between arthritis and migraine was investigated using multivariable logistic regression models, while sex and age interaction analyses were also conducted. This study included 2649 adults (51.7% women; mean (SD) age 50.6 (15.9 years). The prevalence of migraine was 10.7% in the sample. After adjusting for several potential confounders, there was a significant association between arthritis and migraine (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.20–2.81). Further sensitivity analyses revealed that the association was significant in women, adults aged ≤45 years, and those aged >65 years. The mere fact that arthritis and migraine may coexist is problematic, as this could lead to an important medical and economic burden. Therefore, strategies should be implemented to reduce the cooccurrence of these two chronic conditions.
A Multi-Modal MRI Analysis of Cortical Structure in Relation to Gender Dysphoria, Sexual Orientation, and Age in Adolescents
Authors: Skorska Malvina N. , Chavez Sofia , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Patel Raihaan , Thurston Lindsey T. , Lai Meng-Chuan , Zucker Kenneth J. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Lobaugh Nancy J. , VanderLaan Doug P.
Published: January 2021

Gender dysphoria (GD) is characterized by distress due to an incongruence between experienced gender and sex assigned at birth. Sex-differentiated brain regions are hypothesized to reflect the experienced gender in GD and may play a role in sexual orientation development. Magnetic resonance brain images were acquired from 16 GD adolescents assigned female at birth (AFAB) not receiving hormone therapy, 17 cisgender girls, and 14 cisgender boys (ages 12–17 years) to examine three morphological and microstructural gray matter features in 76 brain regions: surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), and T1 relaxation time. Sexual orientation was represented by degree of androphilia-gynephilia and sexual attraction strength. Multivariate analyses found that cisgender boys had larger SA than cisgender girls and GD AFAB. Shorter T1, reflecting denser, macromolecule-rich tissue, correlated with older age and stronger gynephilia in cisgender boys and GD AFAB, and with stronger attractions in cisgender boys. Thus, cortical morphometry (mainly SA) was related to sex assigned at birth, but not experienced gender. Effects of experienced gender were found as similarities in correlation patterns in GD AFAB and cisgender boys in age and sexual orientation (mainly T1), indicating the need to consider developmental trajectories and sexual orientation in brain studies of GD.
Association of NAFLD and Insulin Resistance with Non Metastatic Bladder Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study
Authors: Tarantino Giovanni , Crocetto Felice , Di Vito Concetta , Creta Massimiliano , Martino Raffaele , Pandolfo Savio Domenico , Pesce Salvatore , Napolitano Luigi , Capone Domenico , Imbimbo Ciro
Published: January 2021

Among risk factors (apart from smoking) likely involved in bladder cancer (BCa), metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been explored with contrasting results. In spite of these studies, there is little data on the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its main driver, i.e., insulin resistance (IR), and BCa. Implanting a cross-sectional retrospective study we tried to investigate both NAFLD and IR prevalence in a hospital based population of BCa patients. We studied laboratory data from 204 patients with histologically confirmed non metastatic BCa and 50 subjects with no BCa, but with bladder diseases (no Ca BD). We evaluated the presence of NAFLD by the triglycerides/glucose Index (TyG Index), using a cut-off of 0.59 and by the Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Aminotransferase AST/ALT ratio. IR was assessed by the same TyG Index (cut-off 4.68) and the triglycerides/High-Density Lipoprotein HDL ratio (cut-off 2.197). The diagnosis of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), condition of prediabetes, as well as that of T2DM was assessed according to canonical guidelines. The TyG Index predicted NAFLD presence in both groups (p = 0.000), but the BCa group showed a major percentage of NAFLD cases with respect to no Ca BD group (59% versus 40%). A greater proportion of IR (47%) in BCa group than in no Ca BD one (37%) was evidenced by the TyG Index with its median value significantly different (p = 0.0092). This high rate of IR in the BCa group was confirmed by the triglycerides/HDL ratio (p = 0.02). Prediabetes and T2DM were more prevalent in the BCa group than no Ca BD group (p = 0.024). In this study a consistent NAFLD presence was found in BCa patients. This is an important comorbidity factor that deserves further consideration in prospective studies. The higher prevalence of NAFLD, IR, prediabetes and T2DM in the BCa group evidences the need that these disorders should be reckoned as adjunct factors that could impact on this cancerous disease.
Operative and Clinical Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Living-Donor Surgery on Uterus Transplantation: A Literature Review
Authors: Matoba Yusuke , Kisu Iori , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke
Published: January 2021

Background: The surgical approach and choice of drainage veins for uterus transplantation living-donor surgery have been investigated to reduce invasiveness. Methods: A thorough search of the PubMed database was conducted. The search was not limited by language or date of publication. The data were collected on 13 October 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed each article and determined eligibility for inclusion in the review article. Inclusion criteria were English peer-reviewed articles reporting surgical information or postoperative course, articles regarding animal research on UTx, UTx on deceased donors, or not original articles. Results: Of the 51 operations within 26 articles reviewed, the mean operative time was shortest in the laparoscopic approach, and longest in the robot-assisted approach. The mean blood loss was less in the laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches than in the open approach. In cases where the uterine veins were not preserved, the mean operative time was shortened by each approach and the mean blood loss decreased with the laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches. Conclusions: These procedures may contribute to less invasive living-donor surgery.
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Viozzi Ilaria , Guberinic Alis , Overduin Christiaan G. , Rovers Maroeska M. , ter Laan Mark
Published: January 2021

Background: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimal invasive neurosurgical technique for the treatment of brain tumors. Results of LITT have been reported in a case series of patients with deep seated and/or recurrent glioblastoma or cerebral metastases. With this review we aim to summarize the currently available evidence regarding safety and effectiveness of LITT in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM). Methods: A literature search was performed using electronic databases (PubMed and Embase). Papers were assessed for the methodological quality using the Risk Of Bias In Non- randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results: We identified 835 papers of which only 11 articles were eligible for our review. All papers suffered from serious or critical risk of bias, and the quality of evidence was graded as very low according to the GRADE criteria. None of the studies was randomized and reporting of confounders and other parameters was poor. Median overall survival (OS) ranged from 4.1 to 32 months and progression free survival (PFS) from 2 to 31 months. The mean complication rate was 33.7%. No quality of life or cost-effectiveness data were reported. Conclusions: Due to the low quality of the studies, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions regarding the (cost) effectiveness of LITT in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The low quality of evidence shows the need for a well-designed prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Transepidermal Water Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity
Authors: Montero-Vilchez Trinidad , Segura-Fernández-Nogueras María-Victoria , Pérez-Rodríguez Isabel , Soler-Gongora Miguel , Martinez-Lopez Antonio , Fernández-González Ana , Molina-Leyva Alejandro , Arias-Santiago Salvador
Published: January 2021

Multiple diagnostic tools are used to evaluate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity, but most of them are based on subjective components. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and temperature are skin barrier function parameters that can be objectively measured and could help clinicians to evaluate disease severity accurately. Thus, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare skin barrier function between healthy skin, psoriatic skin and AD skin; and (2) to assess if skin barrier function parameters could predict disease severity. A cross-sectional study was designed, and epidermal barrier function parameters were measured. The study included 314 participants: 157 healthy individuals, 92 psoriatic patients, and 65 atopic dermatitis patients. TEWL was significantly higher, while stratum corneum hydration (SCH) (8.71 vs. 38.43 vs. 44.39 Arbitrary Units (AU)) was lower at psoriatic plaques than at uninvolved psoriatic skin and healthy controls. Patients with both TEWL > 13.85 g·m−2h−1 and temperature > 30.85 °C presented a moderate/severe psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index (PASI) ≥ 7), with a specificity of 76.3%. TEWL (28.68 vs. 13.15 vs. 11.60 g·m−2 h−1) and temperature were significantly higher, while SCH (25.20 vs. 40.95 vs. 50.73 AU) was lower at AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin and healthy controls. Patients with a temperature > 31.75 °C presented a moderate/severe AD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) ≥ 37) with a sensitivity of 81.8%. In conclusion, temperature and TEWL values may help clinicians to determine disease severity and select patients who need intensive treatment.
Changes in Cartilage Thickness and Denuded Bone Area after Knee Joint Distraction and High Tibial Osteotomy—Post-Hoc Analyses of Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jansen Mylène P. , Maschek Susanne , van Heerwaarden Ronald J. , Mastbergen Simon C. , Wirth Wolfgang , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Eckstein Felix
Published: January 2021

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) and knee joint distraction (KJD) are joint-preserving treatments that unload the more affected compartment (MAC) in knee osteoarthritis. This post-hoc study compares two-year cartilage-thickness changes after treatment with KJD vs. HTO, and identifies factors predicting cartilage restoration. Patients indicated for HTO were randomized to KJD (KJDHTO) or HTO treatment. Patients indicated for total knee arthroplasty received KJD (KJDTKA). Outcomes were the MRI mean MAC cartilage thickness and percentage of denuded bone area (dABp) change two years after treatment, using radiographic joint space width (JSW) as the reference. Cohen’s d was used for between-group effect sizes. Post-treatment, KJDHTO patients (n = 18) did not show significant changes. HTO patients (n = 33) displayed a decrease in MAC cartilage thickness and an increase in dABp, but an increase in JSW. KJDTKA (n = 18) showed an increase in MAC cartilage thickness and JSW, and a decrease in dABp. Osteoarthritis severity was the strongest predictor of cartilage restoration. Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥3 showed significant restoration (p < 0.01) after KJD; grade ≤2 did not. Effect sizes between severe KJD and HTO patients were large for MAC MRI cartilage thickness (d = 1.09; p = 0.005) and dABp (d = 1.13; p = 0.003), but not radiographic JSW (d = 0.28; p = 0.521). This suggests that in knee osteoarthritis patients with high disease severity, KJD may be more efficient in restoring cartilage thickness.
Characterization of Soil Carbon Stocks in the City of Johannesburg
Authors: Seboko Kelebohile Rose , Kotze Elmarie , van Tol Johan , van Zijl George
Published: January 2021

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial indicator of soil health and soil productivity. The long-term implications of rapid urbanization on sustainability have, in recent years, raised concern. This study aimed to characterize the SOC stocks in the Johannesburg Granite Dome, a highly urbanized and contaminated area. Six soil hydropedological groups; (recharge (deep), recharge (shallow), responsive (shallow), responsive (saturated), interflow (A/B), and interflow (soil/bedrock)) were identified to determine the vertical distribution of the SOC stocks and assess the variation among the soil groups. The carbon (C) content, bulk density, and soil depth were determined for all soil groups, and thereafter the SOC stocks were calculated. Organic C stocks in the A horizon ranged, on average, from 33.55 ± 21.73 t C ha−1 for recharge (deep) soils to 17.11 ± 7.62 t C ha−1 for responsive (shallow) soils. Higher C contents in some soils did not necessarily indicate higher SOC stocks due to the combined influence of soil depth and bulk density. Additionally, the total SOC stocks ranged from 92.82 ± 39.2 t C ha−1 for recharge (deep) soils to 22.81 ± 16.84 t C ha−1 for responsive (shallow) soils. Future studies should determine the SOC stocks in urban areas, taking diverse land-uses and the presence of iron (Fe) oxides into consideration. This is crucial for understanding urban ecosystem functions.
Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Drosophila Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Kim Kiyoung , Cha Sun Joo , Choi Hyun-Jun , Kang Jeong Suk , Lee Eun Young
Published: January 2021

Although mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), its mechanisms are poorly understood, and it remains debatable whether mitochondrial morphological change is a cause of DN. In this study, a Drosophila DN model was established by treating a chronic high-sucrose diet that exhibits similar phenotypes in animals. Results showed that flies fed a chronic high-sucrose diet exhibited a reduction in lifespan, as well as increased lipid droplets in fat body tissue. Furthermore, the chronic high-sucrose diet effectively induced the morphological abnormalities of nephrocytes in Drosophila. High-sucrose diet induced mitochondria fusion in nephrocytes by increasing Opa1 and Marf expression. These findings establish Drosophila as a useful model for studying novel regulators and molecular mechanisms for imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of DN. Furthermore, understanding the pathology of mitochondrial dysfunction regarding morphological changes in DN would facilitate the development of novel therapeutics.
Synthesis and Investigation of Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Chopped-Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyisocyanurate Foam
Authors: Kim Jeong-Dae , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Lee Dong-Ha , Yeom Dong-Ju , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: January 2021

Polyisocyanurate foam (PIF) has been adopted as a liquefied natural gas (LNG) insulating material owing to its various mechanical merits such as high structural stability and mechanical strength, and excellent insulating ability. In an attempt to increase the mechanical strength of PIF, chopped-glass-fiber-reinforced polyisocyanurate foam (CGR-PIF) was synthesized by adding chopped glass fibers to polyol and isocyanate, which are the raw materials used in the polymerization process for producing PIF. The main objective is to closely observe the compression material characteristics of PIF and CGR-PIF in terms of the cryogenic temperature. Therefore, compressive tests were conducted at cryogenic temperature including low temperatures, and microscopic images were obtained to analyze the cell size and distribution that affects the mechanical and thermal properties of the foam. Furthermore, recovery ratio and weight loss which are important factors of brittle fracture were evaluated, and the applicability of the foams to a cryogenic environment was evaluated. Finally, thermal conductivity, an important parameter of insulation, was evaluated. The obtained results confirm that the compressive strength of CGR-PIF significantly increases at cryogenic temperatures; moreover, a relatively higher thermal conductivity was observed in the case of CGR-PIF as compared to that of PIF owing to the chopped glass fibers.
Texture Selection Mechanisms during Recrystallization and Grain Growth of a Magnesium-Erbium-Zinc Alloy
Authors: Mouhib Fatim-Zahra , Sheng Fengyang , Mandia Ramandeep , Pei Risheng , Korte-Kerzel Sandra , Al-Samman Talal
Published: January 2021

Binary and ternary Mg-1%Er/Mg-1%Er-1%Zn alloys were rolled and subsequently subjected to various heat treatments to study texture selection during recrystallization and following grain growth. The results revealed favorable texture alterations in both alloys and the formation of a unique ±40° transvers direction (TD) recrystallization texture in the ternary alloy. While the binary alloy underwent a continuous alteration of its texture and grain size throughout recrystallization and grain growth, the ternary alloy showed a rapid rolling (RD) to transvers direction (TD) texture transition occurring during early stages of recrystallization. Targeted electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of the recrystallized fraction unraveled a selective growth behavior of recrystallization nuclei with TD tilted orientations that is likely attributed to solute drag effect on the mobility of specific grain boundaries. Mg-1%Er-1%Zn additionally exhibited a stunning microstructural stability during grain growth annealing. This was attributed to a fine dispersion of dense nanosized particles in the matrix that impeded grain growth by Zener drag. The mechanical properties of both alloys were determined by uniaxial tensile tests combined with EBSD assisted slip trace analysis at 5% tensile strain to investigate non-basal slip behavior. Owing to synergic alloying effects on solid solution strengthening and slip activation, as well as precipitation hardening, the ternary Mg-1%Er-1%Zn alloy demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the yield strength, strain hardening capability, and failure ductility, compared with the Mg-1%Er alloy.
Leaching Kinetics of Valuable Metals
Authors: Ubaldini Stefano
Published: January 2021

Leaching is a primary extractive operation in hydrometallurgical processing, by which a metal of interest is transferred from naturally-occurring minerals into an aqueous solution [...]
Clinical Significance of Efficiency and Safety of Uterotonics for Obstetric Bleeding Prevention in High Risk Pregnant Women
Authors:   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Babloyan A.G. , Tsakhilova S.G. , Apresyan S.V. , Pikhut P.P.
Published: January 2021

Purpose. To optimize methods for the prevention of obstetric bleeding in high-risk pregnant women with abdominal delivery using the uterotonics. Material and methods. It analyzed the results of 79 pregnant women management with a high risk of obstetric bleeding who underwent delivery by caesarean section: group 1 (n = 35) standard protocol for the prevention of obstetric bleeding (oxytocin) was used; group 2 (n = 44) – carbetocin was used to prevent bleeding. The frequency of transferring patients to the so-called major operations (ligation of the internal iliac artery, the imposition of compression sutures on the uterus, supravaginal amputation of the uterus), as well as the frequency of gravitational blood surgery procedures were evaluated. Side effects were recorded against the background of the use of various options for drug support of surgical delivery. Results. It was found that the use of carbetocin as a means of preventing bleeding in women undergoing abdominal delivery contributes to a statistically significant decrease in the total frequency of bleeding after surgery compared with the use of oxytocin (1.8 times), along with a decrease in the volume of bleeding, while the frequency bleeding with a volume of more than 1500 ml decreases 2.5 times. The use of carbetocin for the prevention of bleeding in women who undergo a cesarean section contributes to a 3.1 times lower frequency of switching to performing ‘major’ operations in this category of patients compared to the use of oxytocin, as well as a decrease in the relative number of gravitational surgery procedures performed in 11,2 times. The use of carbetocin as a means of preventing bleeding in women undergoing abdominal delivery is accompanied by a lower incidence of side effects compared to the use of oxytocin (1.8 times). Conclusion. Carbetocin is one of the myometrial drugs that should be considered as a potentially important tool for improving labor outcomes.
Immunity, Vitamins and Nutrition
Authors:   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Delyagin V.M.
Published: January 2021

There is a relationship between nutrition and immunity. For developing countries, the problem – the protein-energy deficits, in developed and socially oriented economy – the lack of vitamins and trace elements. In Russia, various vitamins deficiency is registered in 30–90% of schoolchildren (from 20–40% to the extent of the deep deficit). Deficiency of vitamins and minerals leads to disruption of immunity raises the index of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders. Insufficient supply of vitamins leads to a decrease in phagocytosis, proliferative activity of lymphocytes, decreased concentrations of C3 and C5 component of complement, IgG and secretory IgA, disintegrate physiological barriers. At the same time increases the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. With a lack of selenium and vitamin E is possible passage of viruses from a sharp increase in virulence. The correction of micronutrient deficiencies should be combined, which implies the appointment of vitamin-mineral complexes with the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, choline. It is recommended the use of drugs, various forms of which are adapted to the age and the physiological needs of the child.
The Prevalence of Polypharmacy in Pediatric Practice: a Review of Russian Studies
Authors:   Children's Hospital № 1, Tomsk, Podporina M.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Saprina T.V.
Published: January 2021

Foreign publications regularly demonstrate a high level of prevalence of polypharmacy among various population groups. However, the scale of polypharmacy among the Russian children is poorly understood. This article is an attempt to generalize and systematize Russian studies about the prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy. Purpose of the review was to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy in the children's population of Russian Federation. The search for articles was conducted in April 2020 in online databases eLIBRARY.ru, cyberleninka.ru, as well as GoogleScholar (the first hundred search results). The Search queries ‘polypharmacy in children’, ‘polypharmacy in pediatrics’, ‘pill burden in children’, ‘pill burden in pediatrics’ was carried out by the title of the articles, abstracts and keywords, with subsequent exclusion of duplicates. We sought to consider original studies that evaluated the prevalence polypharmacy in children aged 0 to 18 years. A total of 635 publications were identified, after deleting duplicates – 255. Further full-text screening excluded 247 publications, so 8 articles were included in the review. The selected articles were distributed equally depending on the type of the medical documentation being analyzed (outpatient records or inpatient). Only two articles indicated the average number of drugs per case of disease. The prevalence of polypharmacy in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children in outpatient settings was 2.01–24% (min – max). Polypharmacy inpatient settings was 18.8–78% (min – max). The prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy in Russian Federation is variable and depends on research methodology
Teachers’ Knowledge about Higher-order Thinking Skill and It’s Implementation in Teaching Reading Classroom: A Case Study in a Higher Secondary School in Indonesia
Authors: Pusparini Desy , Suparno Suparno , Sarosa Teguh
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTHigher-order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is a well-known term that is nowadays being discussed among researchers, especially in education contexts. In this globalization era, developing students’ ability to think with HOTS becomes teachers’ challenging task to do. They are responsible to enrich their knowledge about HOTS and update findings and ideas of HOTS implementation in teaching. So, they will be able to implement HOTS in teaching they believe will be ideal and effective to develop students’ HOTS. This research aims to investigate teachers’ knowledge about HOTS and investigate how they implement their knowledge of HOTS in teaching reading classroom. This is a qualitative research with case study as the research design. The data were collected using in-depth interviews followed by observation. The participants of this research are three English teachers from a senior high school who teach different grades. The results of this research show that the teachers’ knowledge of HOTS is still low. They do not understand HOTS conceptually. However, their implementation of HOTS in teaching reading show that they implement HOTS to teach reading that enables students to activate their HOTS. They include the concept of effective HOTS teaching suggested by Fogarty (2009).
APPLICATION OF THE MODEL INQUIRY LEARNING FOR EFFORTS TO IMPROVE ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT (A Case Study in Class XII IPA-3 MAN 2 Students in Odd Semester Academic Year 2019/2020)
Authors: Muzammil Muzammil
Published: January 2021

This research is intended to describe the Inquiry Learning (IL) Model in order to improve students' English learning achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in the English learning achievement of students in class XII IPA-3 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Pati, in the Odd Semester of the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The research subjects were 36 students of class XII IPA-3 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Pati. The research variables consisted of student variables (students' ability to solve questions) and teacher variables (planning and implementing learning by teachers in the classroom). The research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four stages, namely: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Success indicators are determined when at least 75% of students achieve learning completeness after the Inquiry Learning (IL) Model is applied. From the research results, it was found that there was an increase in students' English learning achievement as indicated by: (1) the average student achievement in cycle I was 7.29, cycle II was 7.49 and cycle III cycle III was 8.81 ; (2) in the first cycle there were 22 students or 61.11% who completed the study; and those who did not complete were 14 students or 38.89%; in cycle II there were 26 students or 72.22% complete learning; and students who did not complete there were 10 students or 27.78%; and in cycle III there are 36 students or 100% complete learning; and there are no students who do not complete; and (3) completeness of classical learning in the first cycle is 61.11%; in cycle II classical completeness became 72.22%; while in cycle III it reached 100.00%. This means that the competency test / evaluation results in cycle I, cycle II and cycle III always increase. There is an increase in student activity during the learning process, both individually and in groups. Student response to the implementation of the Inquiry Learning (IL) Model is 85.22% (strongly agree or in the very high category.
Studi Analisis Perencanaan Peningkatan Ruas Jalan Mantingan-Ngabul / Jalan Sultan Hadlirin
Authors:   Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara, Ariyanto Ariyanto , Ahmad Alamsyah Noor
Published: January 2021

The development of roads in the City of Jepara continues to increase and the width of the road is insufficient to accommodate the traffic capacity causing flow obstruction and the road has an existing structural decline, causing the sections to be bumpy and potholes. It is necessary to do an analysis study on the improvement of the Mantingan-Ngabul road / Sultan Hadlirin road, Jepara Regency in order to solve this problem. From the analysis results obtained as follows: The ideal road widening for this road is at least 6 m. The analysis for calculating the pavement thickness index (ITP) for a 20 year plan age is Laston MS 744 with a thickness of 10 cm, Broken Stone Class A (CBR100%) with a thickness of 20 cm, and Sirtu Class A (CBR70%) with a thickness of 25.4 cm. The results of the geometric analysis of the highway where 5 S-S bends are obtained, with details of bend 1 requiring side freedom of 2.75 m, bend 2 of 3.17 m, bend 4 of 2.80 m, bend 5 of 3.11 m and bend widening is not required. For bend 3 requires side freedom of 13,725 m and a bend widening of 1 m is required from the original width of 7 m. According to the analysis, the road capacity of the Mantingan - Ngabul / Sultan Hadlirin road, Jepara Regency, obtained an average traffic growth rate of 2.6% and the number of LHR per year as follows: In 2020 4440 the number of vehicles / day. In 2025, there are 5048 vehicles / day. In 2030, there are 5739 the number of vehicles / day. In 2035, it is 6525 the number of vehicles / day. In 2040, 7419 the number of vehicles / day.
Kuat Tarik Interfase antara Beton Lama dan Beton Baru dengan Variabel Beton Geopolimer dan Beton Konvensional
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Purwanto Purwanto , Adi Rudi Yuniarto , Yumastuti Arum , Amelia Farah Diena
Published: January 2021

SCGC Concrete (Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete) has the advantage of being easier and more effective in casting, so it can be applied to strengthening building structures, including the Concrete Jacketing method and voute / haunch beam. This reinforcement method is a form of composite concrete application with different concrete ages, which consists of existing structures with conventional concrete material and jacket or haunch section with SCGC concrete material. This study aims to determine the characteristics in the form of direct tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, and pull off tests (bond test) to test the strength of adhesion between concrete joints. Making specimens consists of 4 x 4 x 16 (cm) flexural tensile test beams, and 15 x 15 x 60 (cm) pull off specimens, and direct tensile specimens in the form of numbers 8. The principle of making test specimens is done by casting twice The first casting is done on the first half of the mold, then wait until the concrete age is 28 days. Then a second casting is carried out in the next half, until the concrete age is 28 days. So that the total age of concrete in making connection test specimens is 56 days. From the results of this study it was found SCGC concrete has a higher adhesion than conventional concrete so that SCGC concrete can be applied for structural reinforcement.
PEMODELAN CAKUPAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK PADA ANAK USIA 12-59 BULAN DI PROVINSI ACEH TAHUN 2017
Authors: Padini Putu Rima Ayu , Sirait Timbang
Published: January 2021

Campak merupakan penyakit yang mudah menular dan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius. Penyakit ini dapat dicegah secara efektif dengan imunisasi campak. Namun, hingga saat ini, Indonesia masih belum mencapai target 95% cakupan imunisasi campak secara nasional dan merata di seluruh wilayah. Provinsi dengan cakupan imunisasi campak terendah di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 adalah Provinsi Aceh dengan angka 70,8% untuk dosis pertama dan 20,4% untuk dosis kedua. Ini berarti masih banyak individu yang tidak memiliki kekebalan terhadap campak yang berpotensi menyebabkan penyebaran wabah di masa depan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variabel-variabel yang memengaruhi cakupan imunisasi campak pada anak usia 12-59 bulan di Provinsi Aceh. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik biner dua level. Hasil analisis menunjukkan cakupan imunisasi campak pada anak usia 12-59 bulan di Provinsi Aceh hanya sebesar 63,4%. Cakupan imunisasi campak pada anak usia 12-59 bulan dipengaruhi oleh status bekerja ibu, jaminan kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan), kartu imunisasi, kepadatan penduduk tinggi dan tenaga kesehatan per 1000 penduduk. Dari hasil penelitian ini, pemerintah dapat meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi campak di Provinsi Aceh dengan melakukan sosialisasi di tingkat desa (gampong) serta peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan, terutama di daerah dengan kepadatan penduduk tinggi.
DAYA SAING DAN VARIABEL-VARIABEL YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI EKSPOR BAN KARET INDONESIA KE SEPULUH NEGARA IMPORTIR TERBESAR DI DUNIA TAHUN 2001-2018
Authors: Nainggolan Davin Giovanni Batara Francisco , Budyanra Budyanra
Published: January 2021

Indonesia adalah produsen karet alam terbesar kedua di dunia, namun Indonesia hanya bisa mengekspor karet alam tanpa mengolahnya lebih lanjut. Menurunnya harga karet alam di dunia sejak 2011 juga menekan kinerja ekspor karet alam Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, Indonesia perlu mengekspor barang olahan dari karet, yaitu ban karet berkode HS 4011. Hal ini karena tingginya permintaan impor ban karet dari seluruh dunia dan ban karet Indonesia belum banyak diekspor ke negara-negara importir ban karet terbesar di dunia yang menjadi pasar terbesar ban karet di dunia. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat daya saing ban karet Indonesia dan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi nilai ekspor ban karet Indonesia ke sepuluh negara importir terbesar ban karet di dunia tahun 2001-2018. Variabel-variabel yang digunakan ialah PDB riil perkapita negara tujuan, harga ekspor di negara tujuan, jumlah penduduk negara tujuan dan nilai tukar nominal Dolar AS terhadap Rupiah. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah Revealed Symmetrical Comparative Advantage (RSCA) dan analisis data panel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ban karet Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di sepuluh negara importir ban karet terbesar di dunia. Hasil lainnya ialah PDB riil perkapita dan jumlah penduduk negara tujuan berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai ekspor ban karet Indonesia, sedangkan harga ekspor di negara tujuan dan nilai tukar nominal Dolar AS terhadap Rupiah berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai ekspor ban karet Indonesia.
OFFICIAL STATISTICS UNTUK PEMODELAN INDEKS PENDIDIKAN MELALUI ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL
Authors: Yohansa Meicheil
Published: January 2021

Indonesia sebagai negara bekembang tengah banyak melakukan berbagai upaya pembangunan di berbagai sektor untuk menaikan indeks-indeks yang digunakan sebagai ukuran suatu negara maju. Bukan tanpa hasil, belakangan Indonesia dianggap sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki perekonomian yang stabil di tengah kondisi ketidakpastian ekonomi secara global. Namun, ukuran suatu negara maju tidak hanya diukur melalui kondisi ekonomi, tetapi juga mencakup sektor kesehatan dan pendidikan. Hal ini yang kadang dipandang sebagai kondisi dilematis bagi pemerintah. Di satu sisi, pemerintah gencar dalam pemerataan pendapatan melalui pembangunan infrastruktur. Di sisi lain, hal-hal yang menyangkut kesejahteraan rakyat cenderung tidak menjadi prioritas. Misalkan di sektor pendidikan yang merupakan salah satu pilar pembangun negeri. Indeks pendidikan tertinggi diraih oleh provinsi DKI Jakarta sebagai ibukota negara. Sementara ketimpangan sangat terlihat untuk wilayah-wilayah lain, bahkan untuk wilayah-wilayah yang masih bertetangga dengan DKI Jakarta. Di Jawa Barat misalnya. Beberapa wilayah di Jawa Barat masih berdekatan dengan DKI Jakarta, seperti Bekasi, Depok, dan Bogor. Namun nyatanya indeks pendidikan di Jawa Barat masih tertinggal cukup jauh dengan DKI Jakarta. Untuk itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi indeks pendidikan di Jawa Barat yang dibagi ke dalam wilayah kota dan kabupaten menggunakan analisis regresi data panel. Peubah penjelas yang digunakan adalah indeks keparahan kemiskinan, jumlah penduduk miskin, laju pertumbuhan penduduk, dan angka harapan hidup masing-masing untuk tahun 2011 hingga 2018. Hasilnya menunjukkan model pengaruh tetap dengan efek waktu adalah model terbaik untuk menggambarkan indeks pendidikan di wilayah kota maupun kabupaten denga R2 masing-masing sebesar 93,2% dan 37,9%.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI TINGKAT PREVALENSI KONTRASEPSI MODERN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Fayon Sapriana Paskalina , Marsisno Waris
Published: January 2021

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) atau tingkat prevalensi kontrasepsi merupakan indikator yang digunakan untuk melihat seberapa besar pemakaian kontrasepsi di suatu wilayah, sedangkan CPR modern merupakan indikator yang dikhususkan pada pemakaian kontrasepsi dengan cara modern. Dari tahun 2015 hingga 2017, angka CPR baik untuk semua metode maupun modern terus mengalami penurunan dan masih belum mencapai target dari BKKBN meskipun target CPR telah diturunkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat prevalensi kontrasepsi modern dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda, dimana model terbaik dipilih dengan metode best subset regression. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017, Data dan Informasi Kemiskinan Kabupaten/Kota tahun 2017, serta Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah BKKBN 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik yang terpilih adalah model dengan variabel bebas persentase penduduk miskin, umur kawin pertama dan pengetahuan pria kawin tentang kontrasepsi. Berdasarkan uji secara simultan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa minimal terdapat satu variabel bebas yang signifikan terhadap tingkat prevalensi kontrasepsi modern. Sedangkan secara parsial hanya variabel umur kawin pertama dan pengetahuan pria kawin tentang kontrasepsi yang signifikan terhadap tingkat prevalensi kontrasepsi modern, dimana umur kawin pertama berpengaruh negatif dan pengetahuan pria kawin tentang kontrasepsi berpengaruh positif.
THE INFLUENCE OF TIME PRESSURE, ROLE AMBIGUITY, WORKLOAD AND LACK OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: TJAHJADI KAREL , CAHYADI FINKA PUTRIANA
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the influence of Time Pressure, Role Ambiguity, Workload, and Lack of Motivation on Employee Performance at PT XYZ. The population of this study was all of the employees at PT XYZ. 76 respondents were chosen to be the sample of this research. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The questionnaire was a 26-item likert scale, created by using google form, and distributed to the respondents via email. To analyze the data, research used multiple regression analysis as a test tool. Results showed that both Role Ambiguity and Lack of Motivation have a negative and significant influence on employee performance at PT XYZ, while the two other variables, Time Pressure and Workload don’t have any influence on employee performance.
Association between HLA-DRB1*04 and Malay patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in Malaysia: A case-control study
Authors: M Samy Alvernia , Ngah Nor Fariza , Mohd Khialdin Safinaz , Ahmad Azli Nazila , Hussin Noor Hamidah , Anee Azrena
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) is an autoimmune disorder affecting melanocyte-containing tissues. Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta1 (HLA-DRB1)*04 and its suballele HLA-DRB1*0405 were found to be associated with VKH in many studies.Purpose: To determine the association of HLA-DRB1*04 and its suballele HLADRB1*0405 with VKH patients of Malay descent.Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted among VKH patients of Malay ethnicity attending Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Selayang, Malaysia from December 2016 to December 2017. HLA-DRB1*04 allele-specific typing was performed on 14 Malay patients with VKH and 14 healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer method. The data was then analysed using Fisher’s Exact test.Results: The frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 was noted to be higher in patients (42.9%) compared to controls (14.3%), but was not statistically significant (p = 0.209). The frequency of suballele HLA-DRB1*0405 was also increased in patients (42.9%) vscontrols (7.1%); however, the results were not significant (p = 0.077).Conclusion: In conclusion, although the findings were not statistically significant, the increased frequency of both HLA-DRB1*04 and its suballele HLA-DRB1*0405 may suggest a possible cause for the development of VKH among Malay patients.
Chemo-adjuvant therapy in recurrent conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: She Poh Fong , Mohd Kamal Khairidzan , Zamli Akmal Haliza , Harun Norra , Mohd Khialdin Safinaz
Published: January 2021

A 68-year-old Malay male with no known medical illness presented with progressive growth of right conjunctival mass over a few months. Anterior segment examination of the right eye showed an inferior perilimbal elevated gelatinous conjunctival mass measuring 6 mm vertically x 14 mm horizontally with 360° corneal vascularisation. Excision biopsy and histopathological examination revealed areas of dysplastic cells involving the full epithelial thickness, suggestive of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. The patient defaulted follow-up and presented later with recurrence involving the superior two-thirds of the cornea. Pulsed dosing of topical 5-fluorouracil 1% was initiated 4 times daily for a week with 21-day breaks for a total of 4 cycles. Regression of the lesion was noted after two cycles of 5-fluorouracil.