bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise hierárquica dos problemas existentes na produção de mel do Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Costa Rubênia de Oliveira , Bezerra Augusto Henrique Alves , Ferreira Aline Costa , Pereira Bárbara Bruna Maniçoba , Pimenta Thiago Alves , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de
Published: June 2016

A produção de mel representa uma das atividades produtivas que fornece grandes oportunidades para a agricultura familiar na região nordeste, proporcionando o desenvolvimento econômico e social dos que exercem esta atividade. Porém é uma atividade que representa alguns entraves durante a produção, gerando perdas e produtos impróprios para o consumo. Baseada nisso, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar os problemas existentes na produção de mel do Estado da Paraíba com a utilização do método de análise hierárquica (AHP). Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, inicialmente foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico para identificar os problemas da produção de mel apontados na literatura, em seguida foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturada com especialistas que trabalham na apicultura paraibana e listados os problemas encontrados na produção de mel no estado. Esta lista foi validada pelos entrevistados. Para a hierarquização dos problemas utilizou-se o método de análise hierárquica (AHP). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que dentre as etapas do processo produtivo a manutenção é a etapa que causa maior impacto no processo, e que os maiores problemas existentes na apicultura paraibana são a proximidade do apiário à criação de gado e cavalo, a falta do manejo das melgueiras, a falta de higiene durante o processo de beneficiamento do mel, a falta de calendário de floradas e a localização inadequada dos apiários.

Hierarchical analysis of existing problems at Honey Production the State of Paraíba
Abstract: Honey production is one of the productive activities that provide great opportunities for family farmers in the Northeast, providing economic and social development of those engaged in this activity. But it is an activity that represents some obstacles during production, generating losses and product unfit for consumption. Based on that, this research aims to analyze the existing problems in the honey production in the state of Paraiba. As for the methodological procedures, was initially done a literature review to identify problems of honey production reported in the literature, then semi-structured interviews were conducted with specialists working in Paraiba beekeeping and listed the problems encountered in the production of honey in the state. This list has been validated by the interviewees. For the ranking of the problems we used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The survey results show that among the steps of the production process maintenance is the step that has more impact in the process, and that the major problems existing in Paraiba beekeeping are the proximity of the apiary to livestock and horse, the lack of management of supers, lack of hygiene during honey processing process, lack of flowering calendar and the poor location of the apiary. 
Effective and complex stimulation of the biodegradation system of fungus Cerrena unicolor by rapeseed meal fermentation
Authors: Jaszek Magdalena , Miłek Justyna , Żuchowski Jerzy , Stefaniuk Dawid , Prendecka Monika
Published: June 2016

The effect of supplementation of medium with rapeseed meal (RM) on production of biotechnologically important enzymes was investigated in submerged cultures of the white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor. The addition of RM (3.5% w/v) distinctly stimulated the activities of laccase, chitinase, and β-glucosidase. As compared to the control, the activities of chitinase, β-glucosidase, and laccase in the RM supplemented cultures were up to 4.1, 8.4, and 3.9 times higher, respectively. The results of the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric measurements were additionally confirmed by zymographic analysis of the samples. The level of sugars and phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidative ability of fungal preparations were also determined. The results obtained indicate that the submerged liquid fermentation of rapeseed meal can be proposed as an inexpensive and very effective method for biotechnological production of chitinase, β-glucosidase, and laccase by C. unicolor.
“Lost in translation”. Soft skills development in European countries
Authors: Cinque Maria
Published: June 2016

The world of work is changing profoundly, at a time when the global economy is not creating a sufficient number of jobs. Many documents issued by the EU and various researches, carried out by companies and human resources experts, point out that the so-called “soft” skills are closely connected with employability, particularly for young people entering the labour market. At present, EU countries have different methodologies and approaches to the teaching and assessment of soft skills. Another obstacle is represented by the absence of a common language. There are different ways of naming ‘soft skills’, different definitions of them, different manners of classifying and clustering them. The article explores some classifications of soft skills and presents a collection of best practices and methods for teaching and learning them at University level, taking into account different perspectives and basing on the results of two European projects focused on this topic. The final goal is to provide an analysis aimed at the identification of the most important soft skills needed for a successful transition from University education to the labour market. The analysis includes a brief chronological excursus on relevant studies on the subject, a review of current literature on employability skills, quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (focus groups) researches from Europe and Third Countries, identifying the range of soft skills relevant for newly graduates. The aim of this overview is to enhance understanding of soft skills and to indicate key areas for soft skill development at University level.
Published online: 01 June 2016
Panorama dos pedidos de patente de tecnologias relativas ao setor têxtil brasileiro | A panorama of patent requests for Brazilian textile sector technologies
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo C. , Braga Júnior Edi De Oliveira , Martinez Maria Elisa M. , Goulart Luciana De O.
Published: June 2016

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo efetuar um levantamento dos pedidos de patente relativos ao setor têxtil, depositados e publicados no Brasil no período compreendido entre 1999 e 2009. A partir da base de dados construída, foi possível analisar os resultados obtidos, identificando os países e empresas que possuem interesse no mercado brasileiro, os produtos, processos e/ou equipamentos que podem se tornar inovações, bem como o estágio atual do setor têxtil em termos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento.Palavras-chave: Propriedade Industrial; Têxtil; Gestão; Tecnologia.ABSTRACT This article aims to identify and map patent requests in the textilesector, deposited and published in Brazil between 1999 and 2009. On this database we analysed results showing countries and firms interested in the Brazilian market; the products, processes and or equipment which may constitute innovations; as well as the present status of the textile sector in terms of reseach and development.Keywords: Industrial Property; Textile Industry; Management; Technology.
A sociedade do conhecimento e o humanismo | The knowledge society and humanism
Authors: Condé Mauro Lúcio Leitão
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Este artigo aborda aspectos epistemológicos das relações entre ciência, tecnologia e humanismo na era da informação, aqui chamada de “sociedade do conhecimento”. Seu pressuposto fundamental é de que existe um desenvolvimento simultâneo entre conhecimento científico e tecnológico, por um lado, e humanismo, por outro. Contudo, essa relação não é paralela. O humanismo opera de modo transversal à ciência e à tecnologia. Na medida em que a ciência e a tecnologia não têm um valor em si, mas nos seus usos, elas podem tanto ser instrumentos que impeçam a autonomia humana quanto, ao contrário, facilitadoras dessa autonomia. Na sociedade do conhecimento, o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico é “condição necessária” para a emergência do humanismo – ou pelo menos do tipo de humanismo aí engendrado –, mas não é “condição suficiente”. Este artigo procura, assim, mostrar que a simultaneidade e a transversalidade entre conhecimento e humanismo, nesse modelo de sociedade, sugerem que essa relação comporte necessariamente uma perspectiva epistemológica, isto é, existe uma pressuposição epistemológica na própria condição ética humana. Somos seres éticos porque conhecemos, ainda que o ato de conhecer não nos torne, necessariamente, seres éticos.Palavras-chave: Humanismo; Sociedade do Conhecimento; Epistemologia.ABSTRACT The paper discusses epistemological aspects of the relationship among science, technology and humanism in the era of information, here called society of knowledge. The fundamental assumption is that there is a simultaneous development of scientific and technological knowledge, on the one hand, and humanism, on the other. However, this relationship is not parallel. Humanism operates transversely to science and technology. To the extent that science and technology do not have a value in themselves, but in their uses, so can they be instruments to avoid human autonomy as, on the contrary, facilitate this autonomy. In the society of knowledge, scientific and technological developments are “necessary conditions” for the emergence of humanism – or at least the kind of humanism engendered within it – , but they are not “sufficient conditions”. The paper attempts to show that the simultaneity and the transversality intersections between knowledge and humanism in this model of society suggest that this relationship necessarily includes an epistemological perspective, that is, there is an epistemological assumption in the human ethics condition itself. We are ethical beings because we know, although the act of knowing does not make us necessarily ethical beings.Keywords: Humanism; Society of Knowledge; Epistemology.
A proposta de um novo marco regulatório para a comunicação no Brasil e as políticas para o setor | The proposal of a new regulation for Communication in Brazil and the public policies for Communication
Authors: Demarchi Carlos Henrique , Kerbauy Maria Teresa Miceli
Published: June 2016

RESUMO A realização da 1ª Conferência Nacional de Comunicação (Confecom) em 2009 no Brasil teve como consequência o fortalecimento de organizações da sociedade civil ocupadas com a democratização da mídia. Uma dessas entidades é o FNDC (Fórum Nacional pela Democratização da Comunicação), que colocou na agenda de debates a necessidade de um novo marco regulatório para a radiodifusão. A partir da metodologia e do exame da revisão bibliográfica, e tomando como aporte teórico a economia política da comunicação, o presente artigo examina a proposta de um novo marco regulatório no período, considerando a ausência de políticas para a área.Palavras-chave: Marco regulatório; Democratização; Confecom; Políticas de Comunicação; Economia Política.ABSTRACT The first National Conference on Communication (Confecom), held in 2009 in Brazil, had as its main result the strengthening of civil society organizations which dealt with media democratization. The National Forum for the Democratization of Communication (FNDC) is one of such entities and has stressed the need for new regulation regarding media broadcasting. Based on bibliographical research and the analysis of its results, as well as the theoretical support of the political economy of communication, this paper analyzes the proposal for new regulation in the period, taking into account the lack of public policies in the Communication segment.Keywords: Regulation; Democratization; Confecom; Communication Policies; Political Economy of Communication.
Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise de Agrupamentos – Aplicação em Variáveis de Educação e Renda no Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Araújo Renata Mello Montenegro de
Published: June 2016

Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar o uso de duas técnicas de Análise Multivariada de dados geográficos para mapeamento dos municípios do estado de Pernambuco de acordo com variáveis que tratam de analfabetismo e desigualdade de renda. A Análise de Componentes Principais e a Análise de Agrupamentos foram aplicadas, com a utilização dos softwares Ninna PCA e Ninna Cluster (PPG/TIE – PUCMINAS), para o estudo de 44 variáveis coletadas no Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano. Os resultados da Análise de Componentes Principais apontam para o Agreste Meridional, o Sertão do Araripe e a Zona da Mata Sul como as regiões do estado com piores situações de analfabetismo e pobreza. A primeira componente principal, cuja variância alcançou 52,15% da variabilidade dos dados, agrupou 19 variáveis. A análise de agrupamentos para quatro classes tipológicas apresentou coerência em relação às quatro classes hierárquicas mapeadas na análise anterior, mostrando, portanto, que as técnicas se apresentam como complementares para estudos geográficos envolvendo a Análise Multivariada de dados.
Environmental and trait variability constrain community structure and the biodiversity‐productivity relationship
Authors: Hodapp Dorothee , Hillebrand Helmut , Blasius Bernd , Ryabov Alexey B.
Published: June 2016

There is still considerable debate about which mechanisms drive the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF). Although most scientists agree on the existence of two underlying mechanisms, complementarity and selection, experimental studies keep producing contrasting results on the relative contributions of the two effects. We present a spatially explicit resource competition model and investigate how the strength of these effects is influenced by trait and environmental variability, resource distribution, and species pool size. Our results demonstrate that the increase of biomass production with increasing species numbers depends on the concurrence of environmental and trait variability: BEF relationships are stronger if functionally different species coexist in a landscape with heterogeneous resource supply. These large biodiversity effects arise from complementarity effects, whereas selection effects are maximized when broad trait ranges coincide with narrow ranges of resource supply ratios. Our results will therefore help to resolve the debate on complementarity and selection mechanisms.
Experimental simulation of pollinator decline causes community‐wide reductions in seedling diversity and abundance
Authors: Lundgren Rebekka , Totland Ørjan , Lázaro Amparo
Published: June 2016

Pollinator decline can disrupt the mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators and potentially affect the maintenance of plant populations. However, there is still little knowledge on how changes in pollinator abundance can affect seedling recruitment, which is essential for population persistence. We experimentally simulated a community‐wide reduction in pollinator availability during four years to examine its effects on seedling recruitment in 10 perennial herbs in a Norwegian hay meadow. Our experimental reduction in pollinator availability significantly reduced community‐wide seedling diversity. Overall seedling abundance was also consistently lower under reduced pollinator availability, although this effect was only significant when the most abundant plant species in the community was excluded from the analysis. Despite an overall negative effect on seedling abundance, the experimental reduction in pollinator availability had contrasting effects on individual plant species. This tended to cause a larger change in seedling species composition in the experimental than in the control plots after the four study years. Our study demonstrates for the first time a direct causal link between reduced pollinator availability and reduced plant diversity and abundance.
Link flexibility: evidence for environment‐dependent adaptive foraging in a food web time‐series
Authors: Henri D. C. , van Veen F. J. F.
Published: June 2016

Temporal variability in the distribution of feeding links in a food web can be an important stabilizing factor for these complex systems. Adaptive foraging and prey choice have been hypothesized to cause this link flexibility as organisms adjust their behavior to variation in the prey community. Here, we analyze a 10‐yr time series of monthly aphid–parasitoid–secondary‐parasitoid networks and show that interaction strengths for polyphagous secondary parasitoids are generally biased toward the larger host species within their fundamental niche; however, in months of higher competition for hosts, size‐based biases are reduced. The results corroborate a previous hypothesis stating that host selectivity of parasitoids should be correlated to the relative likelihood of egg limitation vs. time limitation. Our results evince adaptation of foraging behavior to varying conditions affects the distribution of host–parasitoid link strengths, where link‐rewiring may be integral to stability in complex communities.
Nectar microbes can reduce secondary metabolites in nectar and alter effects on nectar consumption by pollinators
Authors: Vannette Rachel L. , Fukami Tadashi
Published: June 2016

Secondary metabolites that are present in floral nectar have been hypothesized to enhance specificity in plant–pollinator mutualism by reducing larceny by non‐pollinators, including microorganisms that colonize nectar. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis. Using synthetic nectar, we conducted laboratory and field experiments to examine the effects of five chemical compounds found in nectar on the growth and metabolism of nectar‐colonizing yeasts and bacteria, and the interactive effects of these compounds and nectar microbes on the consumption of nectar by pollinators. In most cases, focal compounds inhibited microbial growth, but the extent of these effects depended on compound identity, concentration, and microbial species. Moreover, most compounds did not substantially decrease sugar metabolism by microbes, and microbes reduced the concentration of some compounds in nectar. Using artificial flowers in the field, we also found that the common nectar yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii altered nectar consumption by small floral visitors, but only in nectar containing catalpol. This effect was likely mediated by a mechanism independent of catalpol metabolism. Despite strong compound‐specific effects on microbial growth, our results suggest that the secondary metabolites tested here are unlikely to be an effective general defense mechanism for preserving nectar sugars for pollinators. Instead, our results indicate that microbial colonization of nectar could reduce the concentration of secondary compounds in nectar and, in some cases, reduce deterrence to pollinators.
Evaluating the ecological impacts of salvage logging: can natural and anthropogenic disturbances promote coexistence?
Authors: Royo Alejandro A. , Peterson Chris J. , Stanovick John S. , Carson Walter P.
Published: June 2016

Salvage logging following windthrow is common throughout forests worldwide even though the practice is often considered inimical to forest recovery. Because salvaging removes trees, crushes seedlings, and compacts soils, many warn this practice may delay succession, suppress diversity, and alter composition. Here, over 8 yr following windthrow, we experimentally evaluate how salvaging affects tree succession across 11 gaps in Eastern deciduous forests of Pennsylvania, wherein each gap was divided into salvaged and control (unsalvaged) halves. Our gaps vary in size and windthrow severity, and we explicitly account for this variation as well as variation in soil disturbance (i.e., scarification) resulting from salvaging so that our results would be generalizable. Salvage logging had modest and ephemeral impacts on tree succession. Seedling richness and density declined similarly over time in both salvaged and unsalvaged areas as individuals grew into saplings. The primary impact of salvaging on succession occurred where salvaging scarified soils. Here, salvaging caused 41 to 82% declines in sapling abundance, richness, and diversity, but these differences largely disappeared within 5 yr. Additionally, we documented interactions between windthrow severity and scarification. Specifically, low‐severity windthrow and scarification combined reinforced dominance by shade‐tolerant and browse‐tolerant species (Acer pensylvanicum, Fagus grandifolia). In contrast, high windthrow severity and scarification together reduced the density of a fast‐growing pioneer tree (Prunus pensylvanica) and non‐tree vegetation cover by 75% and 26%, respectively. This reduction enhanced the recruitment of two mid‐successional tree species, Acer rubrum and Prunus serotina, by 2 and 3‐fold, respectively. Thus, our findings demonstrate that salvaging creates novel microsites and mitigates competing vegetation, thereby enhancing establishment of important hardwoods and promoting tree species coexistence. Our results, coupled with an assessment of 27 published post‐windthrow salvage studies, suggest short‐term studies may overestimate the impact of salvaging on regeneration. We conclude that the ecological costs and benefits of salvaging depend upon the variation in canopy and soil disturbance severity as well as the timescale at which effects are evaluated. Thus, our findings are inconsistent with the view that salvaging inexorably undermines plant diversity; rather we suggest salvaging can promote tree species coexistence within various contexts.
Parasites alter freshwater communities in mesocosms by modifying invasive crayfish behavior
Authors: Reisinger Lindsey S. , Lodge David M.
Published: June 2016

Parasites can alter communities by reducing densities of keystone hosts, but few studies have examined how trait‐mediated indirect effects of parasites can alter ecological communities. We test how trematode parasites (Microphallus spp.) that affect invasive crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) behavior alter how crayfish impact lake littoral communities. O. rusticus drive community composition in north temperate lakes, and predatory fish can reduce crayfish activity and feeding. In laboratory studies, Microphallus parasites also alter O. rusticus behavior: infected O. rusticus eat fewer macroinvertebrates and are bolder near predatory fish than uninfected individuals. We used a 2 × 2 factorial experiment to test how predatory fish and parasites affect O. rusticus impacts in large mesocosms over 4 weeks. We predicted (1) that when predators were absent, infected crayfish would have lower impacts than uninfected crayfish on macrophytes and macroinvertebrates (as well as reduced growth and higher mortality). However, (2) when predators were present but unable to consume crayfish, infected crayfish would have greater impacts (as well as greater growth and lower mortality) than uninfected crayfish because of increased boldness. Because of its effect on crayfish feeding behavior, we also predicted (3) that infection would alter macrophyte and macroinvertebrate community composition. In contrast to our first hypothesis, we found that infected and uninfected crayfish had similar impacts on lower trophic levels when predators were absent. Across all treatments, infected crayfish were more likely to be outside shelters and had greater growth than uninfected crayfish, suggesting that the reduced feeding observed in short‐term experiments does not occur over longer timescales. However, in support of the second hypothesis, when predatory fish were present, infected crayfish ate more macroinvertebrates than did uninfected crayfish, likely due to increased boldness. We also observed a trend for greater macrophyte consumption associated with infection and a trend indicating infection might alter macroinvertebrate community composition. Our results suggest that parasites can alter aquatic communities in mesocosms merely by modifying host behavior.
Predation risk increases immune response in a larval dragonfly (Leucorrhinia intacta)
Authors: Duong Tammy M. , McCauley Shannon J.
Published: June 2016

Predators often negatively affect prey performance through indirect, non‐consumptive effects. We investigated the potential relationship between predator‐induced stress and prey immune response. To test this, we administered a synthetic immune challenge into dragonfly larvae (Leucorrhinia intacta) and assessed a key immune response (level of encapsulation) in the presence and absence of a caged predator (Anax junius) at two temperatures (22°C and 26°C). We hypothesized that immune response would be lowered when predators were present due to lowered allocation of resources to immune function and leading to reduced encapsulation of the synthetic immune challenge. Contrary to our expectations, larvae exposed to caged predators had encapsulated monofilaments significantly more than larvae not exposed to caged predators. Levels of encapsulation did not differ across temperatures, nor interact with predator exposure. Our results suggest that the previously observed increase in mortality of L. intacta exposed to caged predators is not driven by immune suppression. In situations of increased predation risk, the exposure to predator cues may induce higher levels of melanin production, which could lead to physiological damage and high energetic costs. However, the costs and risks of increased allocations to immune responses and interactions with predation stress remain unknown.
Milicianos, barbeiros e traficantes numa irmandade católica de africanos minas e jejes (Bahia, 1770–1830)
Authors: Parés Luis Nicolau
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta o perfil de alguns africanos que pertenceram à irmandade do Bom Jesus das Necessidades e Redenção, ereta na capela do Corpo Santo de Salvador, entre o último quartel do século XVIII e o início do XIX. A partir de uma série de esboços biográficos, o texto indaga quais laços étnicos, de parentesco, afetivos, profissionais e comerciais esses africanos mantinham entre si, e o que essa sociabilidade nos diz a respeito do papel da irmandade como instituição
Radicalização e confronto: a apropriação militante da forma corporativa — as greves em Minas Gerais no pós-1930
Authors: Junho Anastasia Carla Maria
Published: June 2016

Neste artigo, trataremos, especificamente, dos movimentos grevistas enquanto manifestações da apropriação militante da forma polí- tica corporativa, ou seja, manifestações da radicalização e do confronto do discurso e da ação das entidades atreladas na sua luta por maior eficácia política. Não podemos, nesta análise, desprezar a conjuntura especial em que se dão as manifestações dessa apropria- ção. O que nos interessa mais diretamente são a intensa movimentação da sociedade civil em 1934 e 1935 e a maior agressividade do Partido Comunista. Abordaremos dois tipos específicos de greves: aquelas que contaram com o apoio dos sindicatos oficiais e a que se fez à revelia do Sindicato — a dos Ferroviários da Estrada Oeste de Minas. O terceiro tipo, que tem o apoio do Sindicato, mas não tem a adesão das bases — a Greve dos Bancários — não será analisada por limitações do tamanho do artigo
A população do Brasil, 1570–1700: uma revisão historiográfica
Authors: Alves Carrara Angelo
Published: June 2016

Este artigo passa em revista a historiografia relativa às estimativas de população do Brasil para o perí- odo de 1570 até o alvorecer do século XVIII, com especial atenção ao autor que se tornou a referência de quase todos os estudos, Contreiras Rodrigues. O trabalho também busca confrontar os dados com outras fontes disponíveis — como as fontes fiscais —, bem como aferir a validade das estimativas propostas
A Rosa brasileira que incendiou a questão religiosa em Portugal: o Caso Calmon (1899–1901)
Authors: Corrêa da Silva Isabel
Published: June 2016

No processo de progressiva secularização da sociedade, que, na Europa e na América, ganhou renovado fôlego a partir de finais do século XIX, as relações entre Estado e Igreja assumiram muitas vezes uma dinâmica conflituosa a que a historiografia convencionou chamar de “questão religiosa”. Neste artigo, proponho-me a analisar um momento alto dessa tensão relacional em Portugal a partir de um episódio concreto que, por uma convergência de circunstâncias e predisposições, se transformou num marco simbólico do processo de laicização da sociedade portuguesa. Trata-se da polêmica gerada em torno da vocação religiosa da filha do cônsul do Brasil na cidade do Porto — caso que conduziu a um dos mais acesos e participados debates sobre religiosidade, direitos individuais e confessionalidade do Estado, envolvendo instâncias governamentais e sociedade civil numa mobilização até então nunca vista em assuntos dessa natureza. Anticongreganismo, anticlericalismo e militância laica foram os protagonistas desse episódio, que envolveu cidadãos e chancelarias brasileiras e no qual é possível identificar, com toda a clareza, as linhas de clivagem as quais viriam mais tarde a determinar os contornos da questão religiosa durante o regime republicano, entre 1910 e 1926.
Formação docente: saberes e práticas necessárias para a escola contemporânea
Authors: Barbosa Ezequiel Ferreira , Müler Maria Cândida
Published: June 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar questões referentes à educação contemporânea e o papel da escola como espaço social de reflexão na luta contra as desigualdades e como instrumento necessário para a construção da cidadania. Traz algumas reflexões sobre a formação docente e seu papel como agente transformador na sociedade. Tendo como temática a leitura e a escrita como meio de apropriação do conhecimento, aborda questões relacionadas ao letramento e aos saberes docentes necessários para sua atuação como agente letrador. Aborda também a necessidade da busca por uma formação docente de qualidade para o desenvolvimento de práticas inovadoras e significativas. Ademais, traz os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com professores de uma escola pública estadual de Vilhena-RO.
Políticas educacionais para a Amazônia: teorias, práticas e contradições
Authors: Carmo Eraldo Souza , Prazeres Maria Sueli Corrêa
Published: June 2016

O artigo discute as configurações das políticas educacionais as populações do campo na Amazônia a partir da estrutura do Estado capitalista. O método de análise está assentado nas bases do materialismo histórico dialético a fim de compreender em que medida a lógica da racionalidade econômica que impera sobre tais políticas se reflete no direito à educação destas populações. Diante disso, se evidenciou os efeitos, desafios e contradições das políticas educacionais quando partem dos órgãos centrais para realidades específicas sem o conhecimento das heterogeneidades locais.
Dimensões da desigualdade educacional no Brasil
Authors: Sampaio Gabriela Thomazinho Clementino , Oliveira Romualdo Luiz Portela de
Published: June 2016

Analisa três dimensões da desigualdade educacional: de acesso, de tratamento e de conhecimentos. Examina a concepção de igualdade associada a cada dimensão, as principais políticas públicas que visam a reduzi-las e os indicadores utilizados para medi-las. Depois é feita uma discussão sobre a interdependência entre elas e o deslocamento da desigualdade pelas dimensões e níveis de ensino. Conclui-se pela necessidade de um exame mais profundo dos fatores explicativos e consequências de cada dimensão e, ainda, de se discutir os meios mais adequados para a redução da desigualdade educacional.
O discurso da gestão democrática na Revista Brasileira de Política e Administração da Educação (1995-2004)
Authors: Silva Ana Lucia Calbaiser da , Farias Jaime , Rothen José Carlos
Published: June 2016

Este estudo buscou investigar a participação da Revista Brasileira de Política e Administração da Educação (RBPAE) na construção do discurso educacional brasileiro, a partir da análise dos artigos publicados nessa revista no período de 1995 a 2004. A metodologia pautou-se pela articulação da bibliometria com a análise do discurso foucaultiana. A RBPAE foi considerada, neste estudo, como veículo de divulgação científica que participou do processo de dispersão do discurso educacional por meio da preponderância do discurso da gestão democrática.
Desafios contemporâneos e o campo das políticas educacionais: tensões e inflexões
Authors: Lima Daniela Da Costa Britto Pereira , Assis Lúcia Maria de
Published: June 2016

Editorial
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY IN THE UNITY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Yusriyah Yusriyah
Published: June 2016

As a result of the processes of thinking on theological concept, Islamic theology may change according to its social dynamics. In the contemporary, theology can be studied by interdisciplinary sciences, which eventually theology became the source of the birth of some sciences. Hence, the science produced by the understanding of monotheism will produce peaceful religion for the universe (raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn). The data presented in this article derived from the study applying literature review on the related topics of writing. Applying qualitative approach, this article showed that religion and science have a point of tangency. Science helps to facilitate human beings in their religious living. Concerning to faith, science activities can strengthen the faith and arise the motivation to express something in recognizing more toward God as the center of unity of existence (tawḥīd). In order to integrate the belief and sciences, it is needed the effort of islamization of science and the effort to reconstruct theology into a format that make it possible to dialogue with the reality of current development of thinking.

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Sebagai hasil dari pemikiran konsep teologis teologi Islam dapat berubah sesuai dengan dinamika sosial. Dalam era kontemporer teologi dapat dikaji oleh ilmu-ilmu interdisipliner, yang akhirnya teologi merupakan sumber lahirnya beberapa ilmu sehingga ilmu yang dihasilkan oleh pemahaman tawḥīd akan menghasilkan agama damai bagi alam semesta (raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn). Data yang disajikan dalam artikel ini berasal dari penelaahan terhadap literatur yang terkait dengan topik penulisan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa agama dan sains memiliki titik singgung. Ilmu membantu memfasilitasi manusia dalam kehidupan keagamaannya. Dengan iman, kegiatan ilmiah dapat memper­kuat iman dan mem­buat motivasi untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang dapat menambah peng­akuan terhadap Allah sebagai pusat kesatuan eksistensi (tawḥīd). Untuk me­wujudkan ketersinggungan antara iman dan ilmu maka perlu islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan dan juga dalam upaya untuk merekonstruksi teologi ke format yang dapat berdialog dengan realitas perkembangan pemikiran yang berlangsung hari ini.
Treatment of textile effluents by chloride-intercalated Zn-, Mg- and Ni-Al layered double hydroxides
Authors: Mahjoubi F. Z. , Khalidi A. , Cherkaoui O. , Elmoubarki R. , Abdennouri M. , Barka N.
Published: June 2016

This work involved the preparation, characterization and dyes removal ability of Zn-Al, Mg-Al and Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) minerals intercalated by chloride ions. The materials were synthetized by the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis and transmission electron microscopy characterization exhibited a typical hydrotalcite structure for all the samples. Adsorption experiments for methyl orange were performed in terms of solution pH, contact time and initial dye concentration. Experimental results indicate that the capacity of dye uptake augmented rapidly within the first 60 min and then stayed practically the same regardless of the concentration. Maximum adsorption occurred with acidic pH medium. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Suitable correlation was acquired with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities were 2,758, 1,622 and 800 mg/g, respectively, for Zn-Al-Cl, Mg-Al-Cl and Ni-Al-Cl. The materials were later examined for the elimination of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a real textile effluent wastewater. The results indicated that the suitable conditions for color and COD removal were acquired at pH of 5. The maximum COD removal efficiency from the effluent was noted as 92.84% for Zn-Al-Cl LDH.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Masonry Buildings and Definition of Seismic Damage States
Authors: Kappos A.J. , Papanikolaou V.K.
Published: June 2016

A large part of the building stock in seismic-prone areas worldwide are masonry structures that have been designed without seismic design considerations. Proper seismic assessment of such structures is quite a challenge, particularly so if their response well into the inelastic range, up to local or global failure, has to be predicted, as typically required in fragility analysis. A critical issue in this respect is the absence of rigid diaphragm action (due to the presence of relatively flexible floors), which renders particularly cumbersome the application of popular and convenient nonlinear analysis methods like the static pushover analysis. These issues are addressed in this paper that focusses on a masonry building representative of Southern European practice, which is analysed in both its pristine condition and after applying retrofitting schemes typical of those implemented in pre-earthquake strengthening programmes. Nonlinear behaviour is evaluated using dynamic response-history analysis, which is found to be more effective and even easier to apply in this type of building wherein critical modes are of a local nature, due to the absence of diaphragm action. Fragility curves are then derived for both the initial and the strengthened building, exploring alternative definitions of seismic damage states, including some proposals originating from recent international research programmes.
Discrete Element Analysis of the Shear Resistance of Planar Walls with Different Bond Patterns
Authors: Szakály Ferenc , Hortobágyi Zsolt , Bagi Katalin
Published: June 2016

The paper presents discrete element simulations of the in-plane horizontal shear of planar walls having different bond patterns. The aim of the analysis was to decide whether the shear resistance could be improved by applying patterns containing vertical bricks. The results show that the presence of vertical bricks increases the shear resistance in case of low vertical confining load only, and the length-to-height ratio of the wall also significantly affects the shear resistance.
Numerical Analysis of Historic Structural Elements Using 3D Point Cloud Data
Authors: Almac Umut , Pekmezci Isıl Polat , Ahunbay Metin
Published: June 2016

The 3D laser scanner has become a common instrument in numerous field applications such as structural health monitoring, assessment and documentation of structural damages, volume and dimension control of excavations, geometrical recording of built environment, and construction progress monitoring in different fields. It enables capture of millions of points from the surface of objects with high accuracy and in a very short time. These points can be employed to extrapolate the shape of the elements. In this way, the collected data can be developed to construct three-dimensional digital models that can be used in structural FEM analysis.

This paper presents structural evaluation of a historic building through FE models with the help of a 3D point cloud. The main focus of the study is on the stone columns of a historic cistern. These deteriorated load bearing elements have severe non-uniform erosion, which leads to formation of significant stress concentrations. At this point, the 3D geometric data becomes crucial in revealing the stress distribution of severely eroded columns due to material deterioration.

According to the results of static analysis using real geometry, maximum stress in compression increased remarkably on the columns in comparison with the geometrically idealized models. These values seem to approach the compressive strength of the material, which was obtained from the point load test results. Moreover, the stress distribution of the analysis draws attention to the section between columns and their capitals. According to the detailed 3D documentation, there is a reduced contact surface between columns and capitals to transfer loads.
Ecosmart Reinforcement for a Masonry Polycentric Pavilion Vault
Authors: Gattulli Vincenzo , Potenza Francesco , Toti Jessica , Valvona Filippo , Marcari Giancarlo
Published: June 2016

In the cultural life of modern societies great importance has acquired the preservation of existing and, in particular, ancient architectural heritage. With the inherent historical aspects, the economic implications have to be taken into account as well. Indeed, especially European cities and countries receive significant economic advantages by the existence of monuments and ancient suburbs. In this context, structural maintenance, strengthening and monitoring has gained an important academic and professional impulse. The present paper aims to present the results of a real scale experimental work regarding the application of an innovative seismic retrofitting technique for masonry walls and vaults by Hydraulic Lime Mortar strengthened by Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer textile grids (HLM-GFRP) embedding new sensing systems as fiber optical sensors. The real scale specimen is a masonry polycentric pavilion vault that was damaged during the L’Aquila earthquake of April 2009. The need of eco compatibility of bonding material with masonry support implies the use of HLM-GFRP as strengthening system. On the other hand, the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) has a large number of advantages in opposite to electrical measuring methods. Example are: small sensor dimensions, low weight as well as high static and dynamic resolution of measured values, distributed sensing feature allowing to detect anomalies in load transfer between reinforcement and substrate and the location of eventual cracking patterns. A suitable Finite Element (FE) model is developed both to assess the effectiveness of the HLM-GFRP strengthening layers in retrofitting of the masonry vault and to define the strain field essential to the design of the FBG sensors network.
Seismic Design of Box-Type Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Through Direct Displacement-Based Approach
Authors: Parisi Fulvio
Published: June 2016

In the last decade, displacement-based seismic design procedures have been recognised to be effective alternatives to force-based design (FBD) methods. Indeed, displacement based design (DBD) may allow the structural engineer to get more realistic predictions of local and global deformations of the structure, and hence damage, under design earthquakes. This facilitates the achievement of performance objectives and loss mitigation in the lifetime of the structure. Nonetheless, DBD needs further investigation for some structural types such as masonry buildings.

In this paper, a direct displacement based design (DDBD) procedure for unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is presented and critically compared to FBD. The procedure is proposed for box-type URM buildings with reinforced concrete slabs, bond beams and lintels above openings, which have shown acceptable seismic performance in severe earthquakes preventing out-of-plane failure modes. Seismic design of a three storey brick masonry building in a high seismicity region is discussed as a case study. The effects of ordinary and near-field design earthquakes, as well as load combinations and accidental eccentricity prescribed by current codes, were investigated. Finally, design solutions provided by FBD and DDBD were optimised and their construction costs were estimated. It was found that, particularly at small epicentral distances, neglecting the combination of horizontal seismic actions and accidental eccentricity may induce significant underestimation and an ideally more uniform distribution of strength demands on URM walls. In addition, construction costs resulting from DDBD may be significantly lower than those related to code based FBD procedures.
Static Analysis of Cross Vaults: The Case of the Cathedral of Casertavecchia
Authors: Contestabile M. , Babilio E. , Fortunato A. , Guerriero L. , Lippiello M. , Pasquino M. , Angelillo M.
Published: June 2016

In the present paper, on assuming that the material has infinite friction and no cohesion,i.e. it is No-Tension in the sense of Heyman, we study the equilibrium of cross vaults of unequal rise, such as those of some Romanesque and Gothic churches. In particular the case study of the lateral cross vaults of the Cathedral of the old town of Caserta is analyzed. The scope of the paper is not to study in detail and quantitatively any particular vault, rather we give a compressive equilibrium solution (compatible with the unilateral material assumption) for the general case of cross vaults, constructed on arches of unequal rise, and loaded by a uniform load.

For the purpose of the structural analysis, the vault is modelled as a thin shell made of Rigid No-Tension material. The webs of the vault that we consider, are supported on two crossing ribs. To obtain the axial force inside the ribs, equilibrated and singular stress fields (that is stress fields concentrated on curves and balanced with the loads) are constructed.

An estimate of the thrust forces transmitted by the vault to the peripheral arches and walls is also obtained, so that the stability of these structures can be checked.
Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Nîmes, South of France, July to September 2015
Authors: Succo Tiphanie , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle , Ferré Jean-Baptiste , Roiz David , Broche Béatrice , Maquart Marianne , Noel Harold , Catelinois Olivier , Entezam Farhad , Caire Didier , Jourdain Frédéric , Esteve-Moussion Isabelle , Cochet Amandine , Paupy Christophe , Rousseau Cyril , Paty Marie-Claire , Golliot Franck
Published: June 2016

In August and September 2015, seven locally acquired cases of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) were detected in Nîmes, south of France, where Aedes albopictus has been established since 2011. Epidemiological and entomological investigations allowed to steer vector control measures to contain transmission. An imported case from French Polynesia with onset fever on 4 July was identified as primary case. This outbreak occurred from 8 August to 11 September in a 300 m radius area. Six sprayings to control mosquitos were performed in the affected area. We describe the first considerable dengue outbreak in mainland France where only sporadic cases of autochthonous dengue were recorded previously (2010, 2013 and 2014). The 69 day-period between the primary case and the last autochthonous case suggests multiple episodes of mosquito infections. The absence of notification of autochthonous cases during the month following the primary case’s symptoms onset could be explained by the occurrence of inapparent illness. Recurrence of cases every year since 2013, the size of the 2015 outbreak and continuing expansion of areas with presence of Ae. albopictus highlight the threat of arboviral diseases in parts of Europe. Thus, European guidelines should be assessed and adjusted to the current context.
Spontaneous Perforation of Stomach in a Neonate
Authors: Sethi Harish , Simalti Ashish , Chauhan SS , Chandra Mukesh
Published: June 2016

Spontaneous gastric perforation is not a very common entity. If not suspected and managed in time, this is uniformly fatal. Although documented as early as in1825 exact pathology remains unclear even to date. A case of spontaneous rupture in a term neonate is being presented as a case report.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):301-303.