bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parenting a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Qualitative Study from a Developing Nation, India
Authors: Shah R. , Sharma A. , Grover S. , Chauhan N. , Jhanda S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Like elsewhere, studies from developing countries suggest that parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report significant stress. Besides symptoms, parental stress stems from experiences in interpersonal, schooling and societal domains, which may in turn be influenced by socio-cultural factors. This is a highly under-studied area.

Objectives and aims

Exploring experiences in familial, schooling and societal areas amongst Indian parents and understanding these in a cultural context using experiential qualitative research methodology.

Methods

In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting parents of 27 children diagnosed with ADHD (17 mothers; 10 fathers).

Results

All parents reported experiencing moderate to high degree of stress, feeling worried and frustrated due to child's problems. 19 parents reported being “short-tempered”, while 1 mother expressed feeling “lost”. Majority reported strained relations with spouse and extended family. Mothers reported higher stress, more difficulties in family life, faced criticism from immediate family and community regarding handling of child, felt more embarrassment, guilt and sense of failure as a mother. Half of the parents avoided attending social gatherings. Other than 2 parents, all had negative experiences with schooling. Experiential descriptions included those of teachers being highly critical of child and parents, punitive, dismissive and discriminatory. Teacher had advised seeking treatment in only 6 children. Themes of blame, discrimination and rejection were identified.

Conclusions

We conclude that cultural factors such as stigma, blaming of parent (especially mother) and lack of knowledge regarding ADHD amongst teachers and society may be responsible for these experiences and needs further investigation.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Novel psychoactive substances in a psychiatric young adults sample: A multicenter, observational study
Authors: Lupi M. , Acciavatti T. , Marini S. , Cinosi E. , Santacroce R. , Corbo M. , Mancini V. , Galanti T. , Carlucci M. , Martinotti G. , Di Giannantonio M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Comorbidities between psychiatric diseases and consumption of traditional substances of abuse are common. Nevertheless, there is no data regarding the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the psychiatric population.

Objectives

The purpose of this multicentre survey is to investigate the consumption of a wide variety of psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric sample.

Methods

Between September 2013 and November 2015, a questionnaire has been administered, in ten Italian psychiatric care facilities, to a sample of 671 psychiatric patients (48.5% men; 51.5% women), aged between 18 and 26 years (mean age: 22.24).

Results

8.2% of the sample declared use of NPS at least once in a lifetime and 2.2% have assumed NPS in the last three months. The NPS more used were synthetic cannabinoids (4.5%), followed by methamphetamine (3.6%). The three psychiatric diagnosis with more frequent NPS consumption were bipolar disorder (23.1%), personality disorders (11.8%) and schizophrenia and related disorders (11.6%). Bipolar disorder was associated with NPS consumption (P < .001). Among the illicit drugs investigated, 31.4% of the sample was cannabis smoker and 10.7% cocaine user. Moreover, 70.6% of the sample declared alcohol use and 47.7% had binge drinking conducts. In univariate regression analysis, bipolar disorder was positive associated with binge drinking while obsessive compulsive disorder resulted negative associated.

Conclusions

The use of novel psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric population appears to be a frequent phenomenon, probably still underestimated. Bipolar disorder shows an association with NPS use. Therefore, careful and constant monitoring and accurate evaluations of possible clinical effects related to their use are necessary.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Addictive status in neurotic disorders
Authors: Maruta N. , Kolyadko S. , Kalenska G. , Denysenko M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

At the present stage of psychiatry development, the problem of co-morbidity, which is an important factor determining the effectiveness of treatment. One of such tendencies is the combination of neurotic pathology and addictive behavior (AB).

Objectives

To research AB features in neurotic disorders.

Methodology

One hundred and forty-eight patients with neurotic disorders: neurasthenia (F48.0), dissociative disorder (F44.7), anxiety-phobic disorder (F40.8), according to ICD-10 criteria. Clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic (AUDIT-like tests), statistical methods were used.

Results

It was found out that the patients with neurotic disorders had a high risk of AB formation (59.73%). The most prominent among AB were: the use of psychoactive substances (tea/coffee [11,682], tobacco [8,091], sedatives [6,964], food addiction [14,036]), as well as socio-acceptable AB, such as Internet (13,527), watching television (9,982), computer games (2,909), shopping (7,264), workaholism (15,018). Socio-demographic characteristics of the generation of neurotic disorders with AB were determined: young age (50.46%), AB presence among the surrounding people (91.64%), a short interval of time between the psychogenic factor exposure and the first signs of neurotic disorder (50.46%). The clinical pattern of neurotic disorders with AB was characterized by a predominance of anxiety-obsessive (35.78%), as well as anxiety-phobic (45.95%) syndromes associated with AB: “Shopping” (−0.32; −0.51, respectively), “Sleeping pills, sedatives” (−0.37; −0.42), “Sex” (−0.41; −0.37) and “Tea/coffee” (−0.34; −0.39).

Conclusions

The data obtained determine AB specificity and should be taken into account in pharmaco – and psychotherapy.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of sensory phenomena in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Rayappa S. , Hegde A. , Narayanaswamy J.C. , Arumugham S.S. , Math S. Bada , Reddy Y.C.J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

A substantial number of patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) report a subjective distressing experience prior to the repetitive behavior, known as sensory phenomena(SP).

Objectives

Need to systematically evaluate SP and the clinical correlates in OCD.

Aims

Assess prevalence of SP and clinical correlates in OCD.

Methods

Subjects (n = 71) fulfilling the criteria for DSM IV-TR OCD were recruited consecutively from a specialty OCD clinic in Southern India and were assessed using the Yale brown obsessive and compulsive scale (YBOCS), dimensional Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (D-YBOCS) and the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale (USP-SPS).

Results

The prevalence of the SP was found to be 50.7%. Prevalence of SP is significantly greater in the patients with early age of onset (P = 0.47). In subtypes of SP, Tactile was 12.7%, “just right” for look was 26.8%, “just right” for sound was 9.9%, “just right” for feeling was 16.9%, feeling of incompleteness leading to repetitive behavior was 22.5%, “energy release” sensation leading to repetitive behavior was 4.2% and “urge only” leading to repetitive behavior was 11.3%. SP was found to have significant correlation with symmetry/ordering/arranging/counting dimension (P = 0.003). Significant positive correlation existed between SP severity and the severity of the compulsions (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Considering its high prevalence in OCD, it might be useful to incorporate SP assessment during the routine clinical assessment of OCD. It might warrant a place in the phenomenological and nosological description of OCD. Additionally, the neurobiological correlates of SP need to be explored.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Male depression – actual a male specific disorder or potentially a new subtype of depression?
Authors: Rößner-Ruff V. , Krieger J. , Graef-Calliess I.T.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Although depression is one of the most prevalent disorders around the world we know only little about the effect of factors like gender-related norms or personality-related aspects in the expression of depressive symptoms. Current findings of studies are heterogeneous and lead to the conclusion that depression is more prevalent in women as well as that they have a higher risk for depression. Women express more typical depressive symptoms while men offer more atypical symptoms like aggressiveness, irritability, alcohol misuse which is constituted as male depression (MD).

Objective

Male and female patients with a diagnosis of depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder (ICD-10) who are treated in in-patient or day clinic setting of two psychiatric institutions in Lower Saxony and one psychiatric university hospital in Austria. Study period: November 2016 to November 2017. No limitations to further diagnosis, age or other factors.

Methods

To analyze the expression of (a) typical depressive symptoms as well as causes of and factors of influence in diverse types of depression different questionnaires and quantitative methods will be used.

Aims

Investigate gender-specific differences in the expression of symptoms in male and female patients with a depressive disorder. Focus: whether symptoms of MD are more prevalent for depressive men than women. Furthermore, causes and factors of (a)typical depressive symptoms should be analyzed.

Results

First results will be presented.

Conclusion

The results of the study should lead to the conclusion whether there exist any gender-specific differences in the expression of depressive symptoms and what they might be caused by.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychology feminine holiness
Authors: Garcia-albea J. , Navas M.
Published: June 2017

Feminine holiness is a subject as complex as it is interesting–not least because of the very definition of the term–, in many occasions extraordinary and many others bitter, which has sparked interest throughout history, especially after the progress made on modernity.

Objective

The main objective is less to show whether there is a psychiatric, infectious, neurological or any other form of pathological disorder linked to the behaviour of female saints, rather to evaluate all the psychological and social aspects that result in holiness as a mental state being largely a female attribute.

Material and methods

For this, we have tested from birth to death, in what is possible, the lives of sixty religious women, through biographies and autobiographies since they were servants, pious or holy according to ecclesiastical terminology. This set was unavoidable to select twelve cases, which are set out exhaustively in this study.

Results and discussion

Limiting ourselves to a purely psychiatric view, we can show the presence of psychopathology associated with exceptional states of consciousness, as would be ecstatic and mystical experience itself, present in most cases. We also found common psychological profiles, out of the sixty biographies and autobiographies of religious women analyzed: e.g. pain is used as a means of atonement and a way of removing the guilt of sin. We rule out major psychiatric disorders in the Santas we have analyzed. The behaviors they presented, even sometimes excessive, cannot be included in any of the current major psychiatric disorders.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association between smartphone addiction proneness and poor sleep quality in korean university students
Authors: Min K.B. , Jin-young M. , Hyun-Jin K. , Hye-Jin K.
Published: June 2017

Background

The number of Korean smartphone users exceeded 40 million in 2015, in which roughly 1 in 5 university students were expected to be addicted to their smartphone. Of importance is that smartphone addiction negatively affects physical and mental well-being and health. Sleep problems associated with smartphone is also a serious public concern; but the evidence is lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between smartphone addiction proneness and sleep problems in Korean university students.

Methods

We conducted an online-survey which received responses from 608 university students. All participants completed questionnaires on the Korean smartphone addiction scale (K-SAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and personal characteristics. Based on the scores of the K-SAS, university students were classified into two groups–the addiction proneness group and the normal-user group.

Results

The addiction proneness groups had a higher PSQI score than the normal-user group (7.5 vs. 6.7, P-value < 0.0001). After adjustment for potential covariates (i.e., age, income, and smoking), PSQI scores was significantly increased in the addiction proneness groups (Beta coefficient = 0.69; 95% CI : 0.29 ∼ 1.09). The risk of sleep problems was more increased in the addiction proneness groups (odds ratio = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.33 ∼ 2.98) than the normal-user groups.

Conclusion

We found that the smartphone addiction proneness was associated with sleep problems in university students. Although our findings are further confirmed by elucidating causal relationships between smartphone uses and sleep habits, smartphone addiction proneness may be a risk factor for poor sleep quality.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Barriers for unaccompanied refugee minors in accessing mental health care: Is it the therapy or the therapist?
Authors: Majumder P. , Vostanis P. , O’Reilly M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Refugee children, particularly unaccompanied refugee minors, present with disproportionately high prevalence of mental health and emotional difficulties. However, the mental health service access and treatment engagement of this vulnerable group has been consistently shown to be poorer than the general population. Despite of this, so far there hasn’t been much research to explore the possible underlying reasons or barriers for these young people to access mental health service in their host countries.

Aims and objectives

This research aims to understand unaccompanied refugee children's barriers to access and utilize mental health services. To explore any potential characteristics in the service provision that can be linked with the observed poor treatment engagement and service access is also an objective of this study.

Methods

The study was conducted by using semi-structured interviews with 15 unaccompanied asylum seeking minors and their carers to elicit their views, perceptions and beliefs based on their experience of receiving treatment from a specialist mental health service in the UK.

Results

The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The main findings were categorised into two broad themes, the participants’ perceptions of the intervention received, and perception of the professionals involved. The different elements and pertinent issues within these two broad areas were discussed.

Conclusions

Findings will help stimulate further exploratory research gaining better understanding of the barriers for these young people to access treatment, and contribute in developing innovative services that are more efficient in engaging this vulnerable group and suitable to meet their specific needs.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Time-frequency analysis of EEG recorded during unconscious expectation of angry vs. neutral faces in patients with major depression and healthy controls
Authors: Mnatsakanian E. , Sharaev M. , Krjukov V. , Antipova O. , Krasnov V.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The knowledge on brain mechanisms of psychopathology can be very useful for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Objectives

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show attention bias to the negative emotional stimuli. Automatic (unconscious) emotional processing in such patients may become a prospective biomarker for depression.

Aims

We aimed at studying the EEG-correlates of unconscious expectation of angry human faces in MDD patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods

128-channel EEG was recorded in MDD (23 females and 7 males) and in healthy volunteers (22 females and 8 males) while they categorized pictures as humans or animals. Half of the pictures were neutral and half were showing the faces of angry humans or animals. The pictures were preceded by cues (one for each category), which meaning was not explained to the participants. We performed the wavelet analysis on EEG recorded during the face expectation period: 1000–2000 ms from the cue onset.

Results

We found the emotional modulation (EM) in EEG rhythms during the expectation of angry vs. neutral faces in both groups. Statistical comparison of the spectral power using 2 × 2 factorial design showed that the EM differences (P < 0.05) between the groups were in the left parietal locations in 9 Hz and in 16–18 Hz, in the right parietal locations in 27–28 Hz, and in the right frontal area in 30–31 Hz.

Conclusions

The unconscious expectation of angry vs. neutral faces resulted in EM differences between the MDD and healthy controls in the right frontal and bilateral parietal areas mostly in beta and gamma ranges.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Trauma and the unborn child: PTSD, major depression and relationship quality following late pregnancy loss
Authors: Horesh D. , Nukrian M. , Bialik Y.
Published: June 2017

Background and objective

Late pregnancy loss (PL) is recognized as a very difficult life experience. Often, PL is regarded as a “feminine” trauma, experienced individually by the woman, thus neglecting the role of the parental dyad in coping with the loss. This study aimed to examine:

– the prevalence of PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD) following late PL;

– the role of spousal relationship measures in vulnerability and resilience following PL.

Methods

Participants were 100 women, ages 24–49 (M = 35.07, SD = 5.28), who have experienced late PL. The mean pregnancy week of loss was 27.29, with the average woman being 22 months post-loss. 84.6% experienced stillbirth. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing PTSD, MDD, dyadic adjustment and dyadic self-disclosure.

Results

We have found high rates of both PTSD (32.7%) and MDD (53%) among women following late PL, as well as high PTSD-MDD comorbidity rates. Interestingly, a negative association was found between the number of previous pregnancy losses and the severity of MDD, perhaps indicating an innoculation process. Both PTSD and MDD were negatively associated with the levels of dyadic consensus, dyadic self-disclosure regarding guilt and shame, and dyadic affectional expression.

Conclusions

Late PL entails a heavy burden of PTSD and MDD, presumably since mothers are already strongly attached to their unborn child. PL is often experienced by both expecting mother and father. Thus, the quality of the spousal relationship following PL is an important protective factor. Therefore, there is a pressing need for novel interventions in couples therapy following PL.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression
Authors: Sayin A.A. , Annagur B. Burcak , Annagur A.
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression among women and determine which factors are related this clinical condition.

Methods

The study included 206 women who were admitted to the department of child health and diseases neonatal intensive care unit in Selcuk university faculty of medicine within six weeks postpartum period. First SCID-I and demographic data form for the participants who were volunteer to participate the study were filled. Then, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Beck anxiety inventory and maternal bonding scale were applied to all participants.

Results

We found that 6.8% (n = 14) of mothers have postpartum depression. Than we compared the two grups postpartum depression (PPD) and non-postpartum depression (NPPD). In terms of socio-demographic characteristics and found a significant difference only in the level of economic status. Socio-economic status was lower in the group with PPD. In addition, social support received during pregnancy was significantly lower in the group with the PPD. Peripartum or any time depression history and comorbid psychiatric disorders were related factors with PPD. EPDS scores were significantly higher and MSPSS scores were significantly lower in the group with PPD.

Conclusion

Postpartum depression has many negative consequences for both mother and baby. In the present study, we found that postpartum depression rates were consistent with previous studies. Early detection, prevention and treatment of postpartum depression is very important for the postpartum women who have a higher risk for depression.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Leptin and ghrelin levels in alcohol-dependent patients and their relationship with withdrawal and craving
Authors: Mehta S. , Baruah A. , Chetia D. , Das S. , Avinash P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Association between leptin and ghrelin plasma levels and alcohol craving have been found in few studies but they have failed to differentiate this correlation with alcohol withdrawal state.

Objectives

To research this correlation in a different population and to study this correlation with respect to hyper-excitable state of alcohol withdrawal.

Aim

To study levels of leptin and ghrelin in relation with alcohol withdrawal and craving.

Methods

Twenty-five indoor patients fulfilling the alcohol dependence criteria were assessed for alcohol withdrawal symptoms and craving. Leptin and ghrelin levels were measured on 1st day, @ the end of 1st week, @ the end of 3rd week of stopping alcohol. Withdrawal was assessed using CIWA-A at day 1 and day 7, craving was assessed using PENN's scale of craving at the end of week 1 and week 3. Control group consisted of 15 first-degree relatives not taking alcohol.

Results

It was found that leptin [t (38) = 2.95, P = 0.005] and ghrelin [t (38) = 2.56, P = 0.015] were significantly higher in alcohol-dependent patients. Levels of hormones had no significant correlation with alcohol withdrawal scores but had positive correlation with craving scores after abstinence.

Conclusions

Leptin and ghrelin, known for balancing the energy homeostasis of body, also seem to play a role in pathways of drug dependence and craving. This relation is independent of stress hormone axis as leptin and ghrelin levels are not correlated with withdrawal scores, which is an indicator of stress hormone axis activation during alcohol withdrawal.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impulsivity and self-esteem in pathological gambling: What is the link?
Authors: Rogier G. , Velotti P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

In empirical literature, impulsivity is identified as a core feature of gambling addiction. Furthermore, pathological gamblers are prone to have a poor self-esteem. Previous researches studied the link between impulsivity and self-esteem bringing contrasting results. However, relationships between such constructs among pathological gamblers have not been investigated.

Objectives

We sought to explore the associations among pathological gambling, self-esteem and different facets of impulsivity comparing a clinical sample of pathological gamblers with community participants.

Aims

To highlight patterns of associations between self-esteem and impulsiveness in pathological gambling.

Methods

A sample of pathological gamblers and a sample of healthy men, were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

Results

As expected, levels of impulsivity were significantly higher in the clinical sample while levels of self-esteem were significantly lower. A significant and negative correlation between impulsivity and self-esteem was found among pathological gamblers. Different patterns of associations were found between self-esteem and dimensions of impulsivity.

Conclusions

Coherently with others results, our study confirmed that pathological gamblers showed high impulsivity and low self-esteem. The peculiars patterns of associations between impulsivity and self-esteem could be informative to tailor treatment programs for pathological gamblers.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia
Authors: Maruta N. , Mudrenko I.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Cognitive disorders are associated with a wide range of psychopathological syndromes and behavioral disorders, and suicidal manifestations in dementia are understudied nowadays.

Objectives

To investigate clinical-psychopathological predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia.

Methodology

Forty-four patients with dementia were examined: 23 patients with suicidal manifestations and 21 patients without them (control group). Clinical and psychometrical methods were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale; Assessment of Suicide Risk scale; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and statistical ones.

Results

It was determined that male patients with dementia had suicidal behavioral manifestations more often than female patients (69.6%; P < 0.05). An average age of the patients was 69.88 ± 1.85 years with no significant difference between the main and control groups.

The majority of the patients with dementia (52.3%) had suicidal manifestations. Real suicidal intentions were the most frequent (25%; P < 0.05); 20.5% of patients expressed passive thoughts (anti-vital sentences, fantasies, ideas concerning death); 2 patients (6.82%; P < 0.05) had suicidal attempts. Patients with suicidal tendencies in their clinical picture more often had hallucinatory syndrome (39.1%; P < 0.05); features of severe depression (35.04 ± 1.54 points; P < 0.01); a high level of suicidal risk (26.34 ± 1.68 points; P < 0.01); a severe cognitive deficit (ММSE score 0–10); and a significantly lower level of self-awareness of death (18.53 ± 0.72 points; P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions

A high suicide risk in dementia correlated with a level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.6), moderate and/or severe grades of dementia (r = 0.45), and a low level of self-awareness of death (r = 0.35).

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Attentional bias toward suicide-relevant information in suicide attempters: A cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis
Authors: Richard-Devantoy S. , Yang D. , Gustavo T. , Fabrice J.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Previous studies using a modified Stroop test suggested that suicide attempters, in contrast to depressed patients with no suicidal history, display a particular attentional bias toward suicide-related cues. However, negative results have also been reported. In the present study, we collected new data and pooled them as part of a meta-analysis intended to shed further light on this question.

Method

We conducted:

– a cross-sectional study comparing performance on the modified Stroop task for suicide-related, positively-valenced and negatively-valenced words in 33 suicide attempters and 46 patient controls with a history of mood disorders;

– a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies comparing performance on the modified Stroop task among patients with vs. without a history of suicidal acts in mood disorders.

Results

The cross-sectional study showed no significant difference in interference scores for any type of words between suicide attempters and patient controls. A meta-analysis of four studies, including 233 suicide attempters and 768 patient controls, showed a significant but small attentional bias toward suicide-related words (Hedges’g = 0.22; 95% CI [0.06 to 0.38]; Z = 2.73; P = 0.006), but not negatively-valenced words (Hedges’g = 0.06; 95% CI [−0.09 to 0.22]; Z = 0.77; P = 0.4) in suicide attempters compared to patient controls.

Limitations

Positively-valenced words and healthy controls could not be assessed in the meta-analysis.

Conclusion

Our data support a selective information-processing bias among suicide attempters. Indirect evidence suggests that this effect would be state-related and may be a cognitive component of the suicidal crisis. However, we could not conclude about the clinical utility of this Stroop version at this stage.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Three dimensional versus standard miniplate fixation in the management of mandibular fractures: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Silajiding Kubila , Wusiman Patiguli , Yusufu Bilikezi , Moming Adili
Published: June 2017

The aim of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of the 3‐dimensional miniplate system in comparison with the standard miniplate system for the treatment of mandibular fractures (MFs). A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, examining Medline‐Ovid, Embase, and PubMed databases. The primary search objective was to identify all papers reporting the results of randomized control trials (RCTs) for the treatment of adults with mandibular fractures, with the aim of comparing the different techniques. The incidence of complications was evaluated; nine studies including 283 patients with different fracture sites were enrolled in the analysis. The results showed no significant differences in overall complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.552–1.542; P = 0.81), postoperative infections (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.40–2.48; P = 0.89), wound dehiscence (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.13–7.37; P = 0.96), paresthesia (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20–1.07; P = 0.11), or malocclusion (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.39–8.32; P = 0.47) between standard miniplates and 3‐dimensional miniplates for treating mandibular fractures. Mandibular fractures treated with 3‐dimensional miniplates and standard miniplates presented similar short‐term complication rates, and the low postoperative maxillomandibular fixation rate of using standard miniplates also indicated that the standard miniplate has a promising application in the treatment of mandibular fractures.
Rapamycin‐ameliorated diabetic symptoms involved in increasing adiponectin expression in diabetic mice on a high‐fat diet
Authors: Gong Fang‐Hua , Ye Yan‐Na , Li Jin‐Meng , Zhao Hai‐Yang , Li Xiao‐Kun
Published: June 2017

Recent studies showed that rapamycin improved diabetic complications. Here, we investigated the metabolic effects of rapamycin in type 2 diabetes model (T2DM) mice. Mice were treated with a daily intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin at 2 mg/kg or vehicle only for 3 weeks and were maintained on a high‐fat diet. The treated diabetic mice exhibited decreased body weight, blood glucose levels, and fat mass. FGF21 expression was suppressed in C57B/L6 mice, but adiponectin expression increased both in FGF21 KO and C57B/L6 mice. These results suggest that rapamycin may alleviate FGF21 resistance in mice on a high‐fat diet. The reduction of adipose tissue mass of the diabetic mice may be due to the increased adiponectin.
Is contrast enhanced ultrasonography a useful tool for the evaluation of muscular microcirculation in patients with critical limb ischaemia?
Authors: Seinturier Christophe , Blaise Sophie , Pichot Olivier , Guigard Sebastien , Genty Céline , Jean Luc Magne , Jean Luc Bosson , Pernod Gilles , Carpentier Patrick Henry
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Background: Evaluation of skin microcirculation in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) may be achieved by the measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure or skin perfusion pressure, but there is no practical method available for the evaluation of muscle microcirculation. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has been used to assess muscle perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease. We conducted a monocentric pilot study evaluating the ability of CEUS to assess the impact of arterial revascularization on the perfusion of the calf muscle in patients with CLI. Patients and methods: Patients with CLI (TASC II criteria) and a possibility of proximal or medial revascularization were included. In addition to TcPO2 and toe systolic blood pressure measurements, CEUS of the calf muscle was performed just before and one month after the therapeutic procedure. Parameters derived from muscular perfusion curves were evaluated in a blinded fashion and compared with the clinical outcome. Results: Thirty eight patients were included (74 % men, median age 71 years, 53 % diabetics). Thirty benefited from revascularization with a clinical success rate of 70 %. Twenty three patients could benefit from analysis before and after revascularization. No significant difference was shown in time to peak (22.3 s vs 24.0 s, P = 0.61) nor in peak intensity (2.30 dB vs 1.27 db, P = 0,26), contrasting with significant improvements of TcPO2 (43 mm Hg vs 20 mm Hg, P = 0.007) and toe systolic blood pressure (54 mm Hg vs 32 mm Hg, P = 0.002). Conclusions: The evaluation of muscular microvascular perfusion by CEUS as performed in this study is not enough sensitive to change to allow a clinically relevant evaluation of the improvement in muscle microvascular perfusion in patients with CLI benefiting from revascularization procedures.
The Effect of Cognitive Control on Different Types of Auditory	Distraction
Authors: Bell Raoul , Röer Jan P. , Marsh John E. , Storch Dunja , Buchner Axel
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Deviant as well as changing auditory distractors interfere with short-term memory. According to the duplex model of auditory distraction, the deviation effect is caused by a shift of attention while the changing-state effect is due to obligatory order processing. This theory predicts that foreknowledge should reduce the deviation effect, but should have no effect on the changing-state effect. We compared the effect of foreknowledge on the two phenomena directly within the same experiment. In a pilot study, specific foreknowledge was impotent in reducing either the changing-state effect or the deviation effect, but it reduced disruption by sentential speech, suggesting that the effects of foreknowledge on auditory distraction may increase with the complexity of the stimulus material. Given the unexpected nature of this finding, we tested whether the same finding would be obtained in (a) a direct preregistered replication in Germany and (b) an additional replication with translated stimulus materials in Sweden.
Erratum: DRAM-3 modulates autophagy and promotes cell survival in the absence of glucose
Authors: Mrschtik M , O'Prey J , Lao L Y , Long J S , Beaumatin F , Strachan D , O'Prey M , Skommer J , Ryan K M
Published: June 2017

Correction to: Cell Death and Differentiation (2015) 22, 1714–1726; doi:10.1038/cdd.2015.26; published online 1 May 2015 This article was originally published under NPG’s License to Publish, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Polar rotor scattering as atomic-level origin of low mobility and thermal conductivity of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Li Bing , Kawakita Yukinobu , Liu Yucheng , Wang Mingchao , Matsuura Masato , Shibata Kaoru , Ohira-Kawamura Seiko , Yamada Takeshi , Lin Shangchao , Nakajima Kenji , Liu Shengzhong
Published: June 2017

Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits outstanding photovoltaic performances, but the understanding of the atomic motions remains inadequate even though they take a fundamental role in transport properties. Here, we present a complete atomic dynamic picture consisting of molecular jumping rotational modes and phonons, which is established by carrying out high-resolution time-of-flight quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements in a wide energy window ranging from 0.0036 to 54 meV on a large single crystal sample, respectively. The ultrafast orientational disorder of molecular dipoles, activated at ∼165 K, acts as an additional scattering source for optical phonons as well as for charge carriers. It is revealed that acoustic phonons dominate the thermal transport, rather than optical phonons due to sub-picosecond lifetimes. These microscopic insights provide a solid standing point, on which perovskite solar cells can be understood more accurately and their performances are perhaps further optimized.
A novel pH-sensitive carrier for the delivery of antitumor drugs: histidine-modified auricularia auricular polysaccharide nano-micelles
Authors: Wang Yingying , Li Pingfei , Chen Fen , Jia Lianqun , Xu Qihao , Gai Xiumei , Yu Yibin , Di Yan , Zhu Zhihong , Liang Yanyao , Liu Mengqi , Pan Weisan , Yang Xinggang
Published: June 2017

The study was aimed to design a novel pH-sensitive carrier to deliver antitumor drugs to increase treatment efficiency. Histidine (His)was used to modify auricularia auricular polysaccharide (AAP) by esterification. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry was developed to characterize the His-AAP carrier and the His-AAP Paclitaxel (PTX) micelles were prepared by self-assembled organic solvent evaporation. The formation of His-AAP PTX micelles was confirmed by dynamic light-scattering, transmission electron microscopy and high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the His-AAP PTX micelles possessed a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 157.2 nm and an 80.3% PTX encapsulation efficiency. In vitro release at pH 7.4, 6.5, 5.0 reached 70%, 71%, and 88%, respectively. The cell viability assay and confocal laser scanning microscope were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell uptake of the His-AAP PTX micelles. Compared with Taxol, the IC50 of the His-AAP PTX micelles were lower after incubating for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h (0.216 versus 0.199, 0.065 versus 0.060, and 0.023 versus 0.005, respectively). In a test of tumor-bearing mice, the His-AAP PTX micelles significantly inhibited tumor growth. These results showed that His-AAP PTX micelles are a highly promising therapeutic system for anticancer therapy.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP), a predictive marker of bullous pemphigoid severity and outcome
Authors: Giusti Delphine , Gatouillat Gregory , Le Jan Sébastien , Plée Julie , Bernard Philippe , Antonicelli Frank , Pham Bach Nga
Published: June 2017

Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) is an inflammatory rare autoimmune bullous dermatosis, which outcome cannot be predicted through clinical investigations. Eosinophils are the main immune infiltrated cells in BP. However, the release of Major Basic Protein (MBP), Eosinophil Derived Neurotoxin (EDN), and Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) upon eosinophil activation has still not been evaluated with respect to BP development. MBP, EDN and ECP were measured by ELISA in serum (n = 61) and blister fluid (n = 20) of patients with BP at baseline, and in serum after 2 months of treatment (n = 41). Eosinophil activation in BP patients was illustrated at baseline by significantly higher MBP, EDN and ECP serum concentrations as compared with control subjects (n = 20), but without distinction according to disease severity or outcome. EDN and ECP values were even higher in the blister fluids (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), whereas MBP values were lower (P < 0.001). ECP serum concentration decreased after 60 days of treatment in BP patients with ongoing remission but not in patients who later relapsed (P < 0.05). A reduction of at least 12.8 ng/mL in ECP concentrations provided a positive predictive value for remission of 81%, showing that ECP serum variation could be a useful biomarker stratifying BP patients at risk of relapse.
The gastropod shell has been co-opted to kill parasitic nematodes
Authors: Rae R.
Published: June 2017

Exoskeletons have evolved 18 times independently over 550 MYA and are essential for the success of the Gastropoda. The gastropod shell shows a vast array of different sizes, shapes and structures, and is made of conchiolin and calcium carbonate, which provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. Here, I report that the gastropod shell has another function and has been co-opted as a defense system to encase and kill parasitic nematodes. Upon infection, cells on the inner layer of the shell adhere to the nematode cuticle, swarm over its body and fuse it to the inside of the shell. Shells of wildCepaea nemoralis,C. hortensisandCornu aspersumfrom around the U.K. are heavily infected with several nematode species includingCaenorhabditis elegans. By examining conchology collections I show that nematodes are permanently fixed in shells for hundreds of years and that nematode encapsulation is a pleisomorphic trait, prevalent in both the achatinoid and non-achatinoid clades of the Stylommatophora (and slugs and shelled slugs), which diverged 90–130 MYA. Taken together, these results show that the shell also evolved to kill parasitic nematodes and this is the only example of an exoskeleton that has been co-opted as an immune system.
HuR-Dependent Editing of a New Mineralocorticoid Receptor Splice Variant Reveals an Osmoregulatory Loop for Sodium Homeostasis
Authors: Lema Ingrid , Amazit Larbi , Lamribet Khadija , Fagart Jérôme , Blanchard Anne , Lombès Marc , Cherradi Nadia , Viengchareun Say
Published: June 2017

Aldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) control hydroelectrolytic homeostasis and alterations of mineralocorticoid signaling pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, justifying the need to decipher molecular events controlling MR expression level. Here, we show in renal cells that the RNA-Binding Protein, Human antigen R (HuR), plays a central role in the editing of MR transcript as revealed by a RNA interference strategy. We identify a novel Δ6 MR splice variant, which lacks the entire exon 6, following a HuR-dependent exon skipping event. Using isoform-specific TaqMan probes, we show that Δ6 MR variant is expressed in all MR-expressing tissues and cells and demonstrate that extracelullar tonicity regulates its renal expression. More importantly, this splice variant exerts dominant-negative effects on transcriptional activity of the full-length MR protein. Collectively, our data highlight a crucial role of HuR as a master posttranscriptional regulator of MR expression in response to osmotic stress. We demonstrate that hypotonicity, not only enhances MR mRNA stability, but also decreases expression of the Δ6 MR variant, thus potentiating renal MR signaling. These findings provide compelling evidence for an autoregulatory feedback loop for the control of sodium homeostasis through posttranscriptional events, likely relevant in renal pathophysiological situations.
Learning new movements after paralysis: Results from a home-based study
Authors: Pierella Camilla , Abdollahi Farnaz , Thorp Elias , Farshchiansadegh Ali , Pedersen Jessica , Seáñez-González Ismael , Mussa-Ivaldi Ferdinando A. , Casadio Maura
Published: June 2017

Body-machine interfaces (BMIs) decode upper-body motion for operating devices, such as computers and wheelchairs. We developed a low-cost portable BMI for survivors of cervical spinal cord injury and investigated it as a means to support personalized assistance and therapy within the home environment. Depending on the specific impairment of each participant, we modified the interface gains to restore a higher level of upper body mobility. The use of the BMI over one month led to increased range of motion and force at the shoulders in chronic survivors. Concurrently, subjects learned to reorganize their body motions as they practiced the control of a computer cursor to perform different tasks and games. The BMI allowed subjects to generate any movement of the cursor with different motions of their body. Through practice subjects demonstrated a tendency to increase the similarity between the body motions used to control the cursor in distinct tasks. Nevertheless, by the end of learning, some significant and persistent differences appeared to persist. This suggests the ability of the central nervous system to concurrently learn operating the BMI while exploiting the possibility to adapt the available mobility to the specific spatio-temporal requirements of each task.
Direct protein quantification in complex sample solutions by surface-engineered nanorod probes
Authors: Schrittwieser Stefan , Pelaz Beatriz , Parak Wolfgang J. , Lentijo-Mozo Sergio , Soulantica Katerina , Dieckhoff Jan , Ludwig Frank , Schotter Joerg
Published: June 2017

Detecting biomarkers from complex sample solutions is the key objective of molecular diagnostics. Being able to do so in a simple approach that does not require laborious sample preparation, sophisticated equipment and trained staff is vital for point-of-care applications. Here, we report on the specific detection of the breast cancer biomarker sHER2 directly from serum and saliva samples by a nanorod-based homogeneous biosensing approach, which is easy to operate as it only requires mixing of the samples with the nanorod probes. By careful nanorod surface engineering and homogeneous assay design, we demonstrate that the formation of a protein corona around the nanoparticles does not limit the applicability of our detection method, but on the contrary enables us to conduct in-situ reference measurements, thus further strengthening the point-of-care applicability of our method. Making use of sandwich assays on top of the nanorods, we obtain a limit of detection of 110 pM and 470 pM in 10-fold diluted spiked saliva and serum samples, respectively. In conclusion, our results open up numerous applications in direct protein biomarker quantification, specifically in point-of-care settings where resources are limited and ease-of-use is of essence.
A New Landscape of Multiple Dispersion Kinks in a High-T
c Cuprate Superconductor
Authors: Anzai H. , Arita M. , Namatame H. , Taniguchi M. , Ishikado M. , Fujita K. , Ishida S. , Uchida S. , Ino A.
Published: June 2017

Conventional superconductivity is caused by electron-phonon coupling. The discovery of high-temperature superconductors raised the question of whether such strong electron-phonon coupling is realized in cuprates. Strong coupling with some collective excitation mode has been indicated by a dispersion “kink”. However, there is intensive debate regarding whether the relevant coupling mode is a magnetic resonance mode or an oxygen buckling phonon mode. This ambiguity is a consequence of the energy of the main prominent kink. Here, we show a new landscape of dispersion kinks. We report that heavily overdoping a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ superconductor results in a decline of the conventional main kink and a rise of another sharp kink, along with substantial energy shifts of both. Notably, the latter kink can be ascribed only to an oxygen-breathing phonon. Hence, the multiple phonon branches provide a consistent account of our data set on the multiple kinks. Our results suggest that strong electron-phonon coupling and its dramatic change should be incorporated into or reconciled with scenarios for the evolution of high-Tc superconductivity.