bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiomics with 3-dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting: influence of dictionary design on repeatability and reproducibility of radiomic features
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Hagiwara Akifumi , Yasaka Koichiro , Akai Hiroyuki , Kunimatsu Akira , Kiryu Shigeru , Fukunaga Issei , Kato Shimpei , Akashi Toshiaki , Kamagata Koji , Wada Akihiko , Abe Osamu , Aoki Shigeki
Published: March 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the influence of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) dictionary design on radiomic features using in vivo human brain scans.

Methods

Scan-rescans of three-dimensional MRF and conventional T1-weighted imaging were performed on 21 healthy volunteers (9 males and 12 females; mean age, 41.3 ± 14.6 years; age range, 22–72 years). Five patients with multiple sclerosis (3 males and 2 females; mean age, 41.2 ± 7.3 years; age range, 32–53 years) were also included. MRF data were reconstructed using various dictionaries with different step sizes. First- and second-order radiomic features were extracted from each dataset. Intra-dictionary repeatability and inter-dictionary reproducibility were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Features with ICCs > 0.90 were considered acceptable. Relative changes were calculated to assess inter-dictionary biases.

Results

The overall scan-rescan ICCs of MRF-based radiomics ranged from 0.86 to 0.95, depending on dictionary step size. No significant differences were observed in the overall scan-rescan repeatability of MRF-based radiomic features and conventional T1-weighted imaging (p = 1.00). Intra-dictionary repeatability was insensitive to dictionary step size differences. MRF-based radiomic features varied among dictionaries (overall ICC for inter-dictionary reproducibility, 0.62–0.99), especially when step sizes were large. First-order and gray level co-occurrence matrix features were the most reproducible feature classes among different step size dictionaries. T1 map-derived radiomic features provided higher repeatability and reproducibility among dictionaries than those obtained with T2 maps.

Conclusion

MRF-based radiomic features are highly repeatable in various dictionary step sizes. Caution is warranted when performing MRF-based radiomics using datasets containing maps generated from different dictionaries.

Key Points

• MRF-based radiomic features are highly repeatable in various dictionary step sizes.

• Use of different MRF dictionaries may result in variable radiomic features, even when the same MRF acquisition data are used.

• Caution is needed when performing radiomic analysis using data reconstructed from different dictionaries.
Higher use of fixed-bearing over mobile-bearing and posterior-stabilized over medial pivot designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA): a systematic comparative analysis using worldwide arthroplasty registers from England and Wales, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Wittig Ulrike , Moshammer Maximilian , Vielgut Ines , Hauer Georg , Reinbacher Patrick , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the use of mobile-bearing, fixed-bearing, posterior-stabilized (PS) and medial pivot design to describe epidemiological differences and subsequent outcomes.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature search was performed using the NORE website to identify the relevant arthroplasty registers. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) reports had to be publicly available, (2) reports had to be written in German or English language, (3) differentiation between mobile- and fixed-bearing, posterior-stabilized, and if possible, medial pivot designs had to be possible from the present reports, and (4) data had to be reported for at least three consecutive years and the latest report had to be from the year 2020 to retrieve recent data.

Results

Six registries (England and Wales, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Germany, Switzerland) offered sufficient data according to the inclusion criteria. In all countries, the dominant type of bearing used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was fixed-bearing, with percentages ranging from 60.8% to 84.1% in 2018, 63.6% to 85.7% in 2019 and 66.2% to 87.4% in 2020. A large variation was observed concerning mobile-bearing design, which showed a range from 2.8% to 39.2% in 2018, 2.6% to 36.4% in 2019 and 2.9% to 33.8% in 2020. Some variation was found regarding the use of PS TKA, as its percentage frequency ranged from 9.7% to 29.2% in 2018, 9.8% to 29.4% in 2019 and 10.1% to 28.5% in 2020. Medial pivot design had a share of 9.1% in 2018, 8.6% in 2019 and 8.4% in 2020 in Australia, while it only accounted for 1.4% in 2018, 2.1% in 2019 and 2.5% in 2020 in Germany.

Conclusion

The comparison of arthroplasty registers from England and Wales, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Germany and Switzerland revealed large differences regarding the application of posterior-stabilized designs, but also common ground considering the overwhelming use of fixed-bearing inserts, which, when inserted correctly, eradicate the potential complication of bearing dislocation. Arthroplasty registers offer a real-world clinical perspective with the aim to improve quality and patient safety.
Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability
Authors: Benner Philipp , Meier Lisa , Pfeffer Annika , Krüger Konstantin , Oropeza Vargas José Enrique , Weuster-Botz Dirk
Published: March 2022

Phototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
Symptoms of pre-treatment anxiety are associated with the development of chronic peripheral neuropathy among colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Bonhof Cynthia S. , van de Graaf Daniëlle L. , Wasowicz Dareczka K. , Vreugdenhil Gerard , Mols Floortje
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Identifying potentially modifiable predictors of chronic (chemotherapy-induced) peripheral neuropathy (PN) is important, especially in light of the limited treatment options. We aimed to examine pre-treatment anxiety and depressive symptoms as predictors of chronic PN symptom severity in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients up to 2 years after diagnosis.

Methods

Newly diagnosed CRC patients from four Dutch hospitals were eligible for participation. Patients (N = 336) completed a questionnaire on anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS) and sensory (SPN) and motor peripheral neuropathy (MPN) (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) before initial treatment (baseline) and 1 and 2 years after diagnosis. Patients were included in the analyses if they either developed some level of SPN or MPN symptoms, or experienced a worsening of pre-treatment SPN or MPN symptoms.

Results

At 1-year follow-up, 115 patients (34%) reported SPN symptoms and 134 patients (40%) reported MPN symptoms. Of these patients, SPN and MPN symptoms had not returned to baseline level at 2-year follow-up in, respectively, 51% and 54% of patients. In multivariable regression analyses, neither pre-treatment anxiety symptoms nor pre-treatment depressive symptoms were associated with SPN or MPN symptom severity at 1-year follow-up. At 2-year follow-up, pre-treatment anxiety symptoms (β = 0.44, p = 0.01), but not depressive symptoms, were associated with SPN symptom severity.

Conclusions

Pre-treatment anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, were associated with SPN symptom severity 2 years after diagnosis. Future studies are needed that assess whether interventions targeted to reduce anxiety before and during treatment can reduce chronic PN severity or even prevent the persistence of PN.
Demenz und Epilepsie
Authors: Rossini Fabio
Published: March 2022

Epilepsie und Demenz sind zwei Erkrankungen, bei denen es im höheren Alter zu einem Gipfel in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens kommt. Neuropathologische und epidemiologische Evidenz deutet darauf hin, dass die beiden Erkrankungen sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und pathophysiologische Mechanismen teilen. Die Diagnose von epileptischen Anfällen bei Demenz und umgekehrt wird durch verschiedene altersassoziierte Faktoren, v. a. Komorbiditäten erschwert. Anfallsfreiheit kann bei älteren Patient*innen mit Epilepsie und Demenz mit relativ niedriger Dosis und in Monotherapie erreicht werden. Nichtsdestotrotz sind bei pharmakokinetischen Interaktionen, Polypharmazie, Komorbiditäten und vermindertem Stoffwechsel manche Antiepileptika wie Valproinsäure, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital und Topiramat nicht Mittel der Wahl, wobei andere Medikamente wie Lamotrigin, Levetiracetam, Pregabalin sowie die „neue Generation“ (Brivaracetam, Lacosamid, Eslicarbazepin und Perampanel) bei guter Verträglichkeit zu bevorzugen sind. Jedenfalls gilt das Prinzip „Start low, go slow, aim low“.
Estimates and multivariable risk assessment of mid-buccal gingival recessions in an Italian adult population according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System
Authors: Romano Federica , Perotto Stefano , Baima Giacomo , Macrì Gianfranco , Picollo Fabrizio , Romandini Mario , Mariani Giulia Maria , Aimetti Mario
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide estimate of mid-buccal gingival recession (GR) according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System and to explore GR risk indicators in a representative urban population in North-West of Italy.

Material and methods

This is a secondary analysis using data collected in an epidemiological study enrolling a representative sample of 736 adults, living in Turin. GR prevalence was defined as the presence of at least one mid-buccal GR ≥ 1 mm. GRs were categorized according to the 2018 classification system (RT1, RT2, RT3) and to different severity cutoffs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify RT GR risk indicators.

Results

Mid-buccal GR ≥ 1 mm affected 57.20% of subjects and 14.56% of teeth. When considering RT1 GRs, their prevalence was 40.90% and 6.29% at the patient and tooth level. RT2 and RT3 GRs affected 25.82% and 36.68% of the study population, respectively. RT1 GRs occurred mostly on maxillary and mandibular premolars and maxillary canines, while RT2 and RT3 GRs on maxillary molars and mandibular incisors. Older age, high education, and full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) < 30% were risk indicators for RT1 GRs, while older age, poor education, periodontitis, and FMPS > 60% were significant contributors to RT2 and RT3 GRs.

Conclusions

RT1 and RT3 are fairly common findings in this Italian population and are significantly associated to different contributing factors and tooth type distribution pattern.

Clinical relevance

Prevention strategies should target different socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk indicators based on the RT classes.
Minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer in COVID hospitals and oncological hubs: are the outcomes different?
Authors: Milito Pamela , Asti Emanuele , Resta Marco , Bonavina Luigi
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant delays in oncological care worldwide due to restriction of elective surgery and intensive care unit capacity. It has been hypothesized that COVID-free oncological hubs can provide safer elective cancer surgery compared to COVID hospitals. The primary aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer performed in both hospital settings by the same surgical staff.

Methods

All esophagectomies for cancer performed during the pandemic by a single team were reviewed and data were compared with control patients operated during the preceding year. Screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was performed prior to surgery, and special precautions were taken to mitigate hospital-related transmission of COVID-19 among patients and healthcare workers.

Results

Compared to the prepandemic period, the esophagectomy volume decreased by 64%. Comorbidities, time from onset of symptoms to first visit, waiting time between diagnosis and surgery, operative approach and technique, and the pathological staging were similar. None of the patients tested positive for COVID-19 during in-hospital stay, and esophagectomy was associated with similar outcomes compared to control patients.

Conclusion

Outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer performed in a COVID hospital after implementation of a COVID-free surgical pathway did not differ from those obtained in an oncological hub by the same surgical team.
Misconceptions in Physics Explainer Videos and the Illusion of Understanding: an Experimental Study
Authors: Kulgemeyer Christoph , Wittwer Jörg
Published: March 2022

Some of the online explainer videos for physics present misconceptions as scientifically correct explanations. Even so, some of these videos achieve good ratings on online platforms. A possible reason is that explainer videos with misconceptions foster an “illusion of understanding”—the mistaken belief that a topic has been understood. Misconceptions close to everyday experiences might appear more attractive than scientifically correct explanations. This experimental study (N = 149 physics learners with a low prior knowledge on average, sample of convenience) was conducted to explore this effect. Two explainer videos were developed to be comparable in terms of comprehensibility and duration. The explanatory approach was the only difference between the two videos. While the experimental group watched a video introducing the concept of force using misconceptions, the control group watched a scientifically correct video. Learners from the experimental group developed an equal belief of understanding, but more misconceptions and fewer scientifically correct conceptions than those from the control group. We argue that this illusion of understanding might become problematic (a) in physics instruction because students who have watched a misleading video might regard further teaching in school as irrelevant, and (b) learners might tend to rate videos including misconceptions better on an online platform like YouTube. Future studies should examine these two possible consequences.
High-T$$_c$$ Cuprates: a Story of Two Electronic Subsystems
Authors: Barišić N. , Sunko D. K.
Published: March 2022

A review of the phenomenology and microscopy of cuprate superconductors is presented, with particular attention to universal conductance features, which reveal the existence of two electronic subsystems. The overall electronic system consists of $$1+p$$

1
+
p

charges, where p is the doping. At low dopings, exactly one hole is localized per planar copper–oxygen unit, while upon increasing doping and temperature, the hole is gradually delocalized and becomes itinerant. Remarkably, the itinerant holes exhibit identical Fermi liquid character across the cuprate phase diagram. This universality enables a simple count of carrier density and yields comprehensive understanding of the key features in the normal and superconducting state. A possible superconducting mechanism is presented, compatible with the key experimental facts. The base of this mechanism is the interaction of fast Fermi liquid carriers with localized holes. A change in the microscopic nature of chemical bonding in the copper oxide planes, from ionic to covalent, is invoked to explain the phase diagram of these fascinating compounds.
A novel solution of deep learning for endoscopic ultrasound image segmentation: enhanced computer aided diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Tuladhar Sanira , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P. W. C. , Ali Akbas Ezaldeen , Alrubaie Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is one of the critical tumors that doctors do not suggest to get frequent endoscopy, so there is a need for a diagnosis system which can process ultrasound images and figure out the tumor. Many gastrointestinal tumor diagnosis methods were developed, but all of these methods used manual contour rather than automatic segmentation. The research adopts enhanced automatic segmentation to improve the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor with deep convolutional neural networks. This solution’s proposed system is an enhanced automated segmentation methodology using multi-scale Gaussian kernel fuzzy clustering and multi-scale vector field convolution, which segments the ultrasound image automatically into the region of interest (the infected area). Convolutional Neural Network with Class Activation Mapping is done to diagnose an image with the tumor for Four datasets, namely (USS1, SH Hospital, SNUH, BUSI). This proposed system helps to get a clearer tumor image, and the accuracy has increased from 84.275% to 88.4%, and the processing time has reduced from 28.525% to 24.575%. The proposed solution enhanced Automatic Segmentation helped to get clearer tumor image which resulted in increased accuracy and decreased performance time compared to the state-of-the-art. Automatic segmentation overcomes the dependency on the expert for drawing the Region of Interest (ROI).
Measuring competitiveness differentials inside the same region: a propensity-score matching approach
Authors: Fantechi F. , Fratesi U.
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses regional competitiveness at the subregional level through a novel methodological approach that adopts a matching design. By comparing the performance of similar firms in different parts of the region, it is possible to detect whether different places provide different competitive territorial assets. Using data for Lombardy, a large and competitive European region, the analysis shows that the different territories of the region are differently competitive in different industries, even when they are similar in terms of total GDP per capita or specialization. The paper also confirms that measuring competitiveness on different indicators (Labour Productivity, TFP, Profitability) can provide different results, and this especially happens when comparing static and dynamic indicators. The methodology presented here is especially relevant to the design of regional policies, that are mostly deployed at the NUTS-2 level but would benefit from accounting for the presence of strongly dis-homogeneous territories inside the same region.
Strategy Adjustments of the United States and the European Union vis-à-vis China: Democratic Global Power Identities and Fluid Polygonal Relations
Authors: Noesselt Nele
Published: March 2022

How are the European Union and its individual member states positioning themselves within the intensifying trade war and power struggles between Washington and Beijing? Does the fact that both the United States and the EU have recently updated their strategic approach to China and continuously underline their democratic regime patterns and support for like-minded systems—contrasted with Beijing as a perceived promoter of an illiberal world order—imply a return of “Cold War” system antagonism? Could this also result in a reemergence of strategic triangles? Shedding light on Washington’s expression of active support for Taiwan (and Hong Kong) and EUrope’s related position statements, this article concludes that these emerging constellations would best be described as strategic polygonal relationships. While the EU Commission seeks to formulate a common foreign and security strategy, the various EU member states are defining their distinct positions within the new global power matrix emerging between Washington and Beijing.
Exploring informal science education responses to COVID-19 global pandemic: learning from the case of the Gwacheon National Science Museum in Korea
Authors: Kim Myeong Ji , Kang Da Yeon , Martin Sonya N.
Published: March 2022

Science museums have long been heralded as important informal science education sites where people can engage in voluntary and experiential science learning. In this paper, we identify and raise questions about how science museum responses to a global pandemic could impact on accessibility of informal science education for the public. To explore these issues, we examined the response of the Gwacheon National Science Museum (GNSM) to COVID-19 in South Korea using publicly available data from the museum website and museum YouTube video channel. Analysis shows that the pandemic has increased and diversified the GNSM’s provision of science content for the general public via online platforms, such as YouTube and the museum website. In addition, GNSM educators are preparing special outreach education projects for deaf and blind visitors, who have often been excluded from informal science learning opportunities. By discussing these changes, we seek to raise questions about the potential for a global pandemic, like COVID-19, to affect informal science learning opportunities for a diverse group of people.
Structured reporting of x-ray mammography in the first diagnosis of breast cancer: a Delphi consensus proposal
Authors: Neri Emanuele , Granata Vincenza , Montemezzi Stefania , Belli Paolo , Bernardi Daniela , Brancato Beniamino , Caumo Francesca , Calabrese Massimo , Coppola Francesca , Cossu Elsa , Faggioni Lorenzo , Frigerio Alfonso , Fusco Roberta , Petrillo Antonella , Girardi Veronica , Iacconi Chiara , Marini Carolina , Marino Maria Adele , Martincich Laura , Nori Jacopo , Pediconi Federica , Saguatti Gianni , Sansone Mario , Sardanelli Francesco , Scaperrotta Gianfranco Paride , Zuiani Chiara , Ciaghi Eleonora , Montella Marco , Miele Vittorio , Grassi Roberto
Published: March 2022

Background

Radiology is an essential tool in the management of a patient. The aim of this manuscript was to build structured report (SR) Mammography based in Breast Cancer.

Methods

A working team of 16 experts (group A) was composed to create a SR for Mammography Breast Cancer. A further working group of 4 experts (group B), blinded to the activities of the group A, was composed to assess the quality and clinical usefulness of the SR final draft. Modified Delphi process was used to assess level of agreement for all report sections. Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) correlation coefficient was used to assess internal consistency and to measure quality analysis according to the average inter-item correlation.

Results

The final SR version was built by including n = 2 items in Personal Data, n = 4 items in Setting, n = 2 items in Comparison with previous breast examination, n = 19 items in Anamnesis and clinical context; n = 10 items in Technique; n = 1 item in Radiation dose; n = 5 items Parenchymal pattern; n = 28 items in Description of the finding; n = 12 items in Diagnostic categories and Report and n = 1 item in Conclusions. The overall mean score of the experts and the sum of score for structured report were 4.9 and 807 in the second round. The Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) correlation coefficient was 0.82 in the second round. About the quality evaluation, the overall mean score of the experts was 3.3. The Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) correlation coefficient was 0.90.

Conclusions

Structured reporting improves the quality, clarity and reproducibility of reports across departments, cities, countries and internationally and will assist patient management and improve breast health care and facilitate research.
Welchen Herausforderungen begegnen Kreativdirektor/innen in Werbeagenturen? Exploration einer neuen Zielgruppe für Beratung
Authors: Stiens Annchen
Published: March 2022

Obwohl creative leadership zu den buzzwords der letzten Jahre gehörte, sind Kreativdirektor/innen in Werbeagenturen von der Wissenschaft in Deutschland bislang unbeachtet geblieben. Die vorliegende qualitative Untersuchung hat im Rahmen von sechs Interviews mit Kreativdirektor/innen analysiert, welchen Herausforderungen diese Zielgruppe in ihrem Berufsalltag begegnen. Das Ergebnis der Untersuchung zeigt, dass neben der Vereinbarung von kreativem Arbeiten mit Führungsaufgaben neue Organisationsformen, der digitale Wandel, die Auseinandersetzung mit nachfolgenden Generationen und das eigene Älterwerden die größten Herausforderungen darstellen.
Das Image von Coaching in der Kommunalverwaltung: Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Studie
Authors: Stiewe Sebastian
Published: March 2022

In einer quantitativen Studie wurde das Image von Coaching im Kontext kommunaler Verwaltungen in Nordrhein-Westfalen untersucht. Der Autor verwendet dazu das mehrdimensionale Imagekonstrukt aus der Marken- und Konsumforschung und überträgt dieses auf das Beratungsformat Coaching. Neben der Sichtweise der Führungskräfte werden Zusammenhänge mit dem Transferklima und strategischer Personalentwicklung aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein insgesamt positives Image von Coaching in der Kommunalverwaltung. Des Weiteren betonen sie die Relevanz eines positiven Transferklimas und den Anteil des Images am positiv bewerteten Coachingtransfer. Zusammenhänge strategischer Personalentwicklung mit dem Image konnten für Teilaspekte nachgewiesen werden.
Urban ambient air pollution and substance use disorder
Authors: Szyszkowicz Mieczysław
Published: March 2022

There is growing evidence that air pollutants might affect human behavior. This study assesses the associations between air pollution concentrations and emergency department (ED) visits for abuse of psychoactive substances. 28,745 such ED visits were identified and retrieved from a health database containing diagnosed visits from five hospitals in Edmonton (Canada) over 10 years. The ED visits were analyzed as daily counts. Conditional Poisson regression models were used to estimate the associations between the number of ED visits and concentration levels of gaseous air pollutants (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3)) and particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10, fine and coarse, respectively). Air pollutants and weather factors in the realized statistical models were lagged by the same number of days, from 0 to 5 days. The associations were estimated in the form of concentration-response functions. The results show relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals. Positive and statistically significant associations were obtained for CO for all patients (lags from 0 to 5), males (lags 1 and 3–5), and females (lag 4). For NO2, exposure lagged by 1 and 2 days has a positive statistically significant association for all and male patients. PM10 shows the same type of associations lagged by 2 and 3 days. PM2.5 (lag 2) is associated only in females. The results indicate that urban air pollution may have an impact on the abuse of psychoactive substances.
Effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and 4-Phenylbutyric Acid on Selenium Distribution in Mice Model with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Xing Dongyang , Zhou Qi , Wang Yiting , Xu Jiancheng
Published: March 2022

The effect of selenium on diabetes is significant. As pharmaceutical chaperones, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) can effectively improve the oxidative stress of the endoplasmic reticulum. This study established a mice model with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical chaperones on selenium distribution. Streptozotocin was used to induce Friend virus B-type mice to establish a T1D mice model. Mice were administered with TUDCA or 4-PBA. Selenium levels in different tissues were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). After treatment with TUDCA and 4-PBA, related laboratory findings such as glucose and glycated serum protein were significantly reduced and were closer to normal levels. At 2 weeks, 4-PBA normalized selenium levels in the heart, and 4-PBA and TUDCA maintained the selenium in the liver, kidney, and muscle at normal. At 2 months, 4-PBA and TUDCA maintained the selenium in the heart, liver, and kidney at normal levels. The serum selenium had a positive correlation with zinc and copper in the diabetes group and the control group, while the serum selenium had no significant association with magnesium and calcium at 2 weeks and 2 months. TUDCA and 4-PBA have crucial effects on selenium distribution in diabetic mice, and further research is needed to research their internal mechanisms.
SEOM-TTCC clinical guideline in nasopharynx cancer (2021)
Authors: Rueda Domínguez Antonio , Cirauqui Beatriz , García Castaño Almudena , Alvarez Cabellos Ruth , Carral Maseda Alberto , Castelo Fernández Beatriz , Iglesias Rey Leticia , Rubió-Casadevall Jordi , Arrazubi Virginia , Mesía Ricard
Published: March 2022

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct from other cancers of the head and neck in biology, epidemiology, histology, natural history, and response to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of locoregional treatment of non-disseminated disease and the association of chemotherapy improves the rates of survival. In the case of metastatic disease stages, treatment requires platinum/gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and patients may achieve a long survival time.
The role of problem-solving ability, beyond academic motivation, in college students’ psychological adjustment
Authors: de la Fuente Amaia , Cardeñoso Olga , Chang Edward C. , Lucas Abigael G. , Li Mingqi , Chang Olivia D.
Published: March 2022

In the changing and demanding university context, various situations are experienced wherein abilities to maintain motivation and activate problem solving could be relevant in students’ adjustment. Beyond the widely analyzed role of academic motivation, this study focused on the added value of social problem-solving ability in student adjustment in the academic context. Analyses based on the responses obtained from 253 students (197 women and 56 men) indicated the significant role of social problem-solving ability in student adjustment, with a small additional amount (f2 = .09) 9% of variance in life satisfaction and medium additional amount (f2 = .17) 15% of variance in depressive symptoms, beyond academic motivation. In particular, negative problem orientation was an important predictor of depressive symptoms (β = .41, p < .001) and life satisfaction (β =  − .26, p < .001); however, positive problem orientation was only an important predictor of life satisfaction (β = .21, p < .01). This study also showed the predictive role of the value, expectancy, and affection components of motivation in student adjustment. Overall, the findings highlight the relevance of training in problem-solving orientation and motivational components to improve college students’ general well-being.
The State of Dispositional Mindfulness Research
Authors: Karl Johannes A. , Fischer Ronald
Published: March 2022

Objectives

We present a bibliometric review of research on trait mindfulness published from 2003 until 2021 to determine the current state of the field and identify research trajectories.

Methods

A search conducted on Aug 25, 2021, using the search terms “trait mindfulness” OR “dispositional mindfulness” in the Web of Science Core Collection identified 1405 documents.

Results

Using keyword-based network analyses, the various clusters suggested two major approaches in the field, one focusing on cognitive attentional processes, and a second approach that encompasses a wider field of well-being and clinical research topics. We also documented increasing consolidation of research fields over time, with research on wider individual differences such as personality being subsumed into clinically and well-being-oriented research topics. More recently, a distinct theme focused on the validity of measurement of mindfulness emerged. In addition to general patterns in the field, we examined the global distribution of trait mindfulness research. Research output was substantially skewed towards North American-based researchers with less international collaborations. Chinese researchers nevertheless also produced research at significant rates. Comparing the difference in research topics between China and the US-based researchers, we found substantial differences with US research emphasizing meditation and substance abuse issues, whereas researchers from China focused on methodological questions and concerns around phone addiction.

Conclusions

Overall, our review indicates that research on trait mindfulness might profit from conceptual and cultural realignment, with greater focus on individual differences research as well as stronger focus on cross-cultural and comparative studies to complement the strong clinical and cognitive focus in the current literature.
An Embodied Predictive Processing Theory of Pain Experience
Authors: Kiverstein Julian , Kirchhoff Michael D. , Thacker Mick
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to provide a theoretical framework for explaining the subjective character of pain experience in terms of what we will call ‘embodied predictive processing’. The predictive processing (PP) theory is a family of views that take perception, action, emotion and cognition to all work together in the service of prediction error minimisation. In this paper we propose an embodied perspective on the PP theory we call the ‘embodied predictive processing (EPP) theory. The EPP theory proposes to explain pain in terms of processes distributed across the whole body. The prediction error minimising system that generates pain experience comprises the immune system, the endocrine system, and the autonomic system in continuous causal interaction with pathways spread across the whole neural axis. We will argue that these systems function in a coordinated and coherent manner as a single complex adaptive system to maintain homeostasis. This system, which we refer to as the neural-endocrine-immune (NEI) system, maintains homeostasis through the process of prediction error minimisation. We go on to propose a view of the NEI ensemble as a multiscale nesting of Markov blankets that integrates the smallest scale of the cell to the largest scale of the embodied person in pain. We set out to show how the EPP theory can make sense of how pain experience could be neurobiologically constituted. We take it to be a constraint on the adequacy of a scientific explanation of subjectivity of pain experience that it makes it intelligible how pain can simultaneously be a local sensing of the body, and, at the same time, a more global, all-encompassing attitude towards the environment. Our aim in what follows is to show how the EPP theory can meet this constraint.
Preliminary evaluation of pressurized hot water extraction for the solubilization of valuable components from hospital kitchen wastes
Authors: Esteban-Lustres Rebeca , Torres Ma Dolores , Pazos Antonio , Enjamio Cristina , Piñeiro Beatriz , Domínguez Herminia
Published: March 2022

An alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of food waste is the separation of valuable components. Due to the difficulty and heterogeneity of such wastes, the study of model systems allowing a regular and predictable production and composition was used. A mixture of pre- and post-consumption kitchen wastes from a hospital with an automated organic matter segregation and drying system (HKW) has been collected to obtain representative samples of the different diets prepared daily. The chemical characterization of streams revealed a variation in composition of the wastes depending on the menus. Those from dinner + breakfast (D + B) presented protein content in the range 42–54% of the dry weight and those form lunch + snack (L + S) in the range 19–33%, whereas the carbohydrate content was 52–65% in D + B and 47–53% in L + S waste streams. These values suggested the possibility of proposing a different valorization scheme for each type of stream. In this study, a green extraction process with pressurized hot water under microwave heating has been explored for the solubilization of the most abundant and valuable components, protein, and carbohydrates. The starch fractions recovered from the crude extract were proposed for the formulation of anti-freezing hydrogels suitable for 3D printing, and the possibilities of valorizing other fractions such as proteins as plant biostimulants are also discussed.

Graphical abstract
Maintaining your voice as an underrepresented minority during the peer review process: A dialogue between author and mentor
Authors: Johnson Monnique , Konopasky Abigail
Published: March 2022

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Considerations of Racism and Data Equity Among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, And Pacific Islanders in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Gee Gilbert C. , Morey Brittany N. , Bacong Adrian M. , Doan Tran T. , Penaia Corina S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose of Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the importance of considering social determinants of health, including factors such as structural racism. This review discusses some of the evidence that triangulates on this issue, including data from hate crime statistics, social media analysis, and survey-based research. It also examines the data needs for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (NHPI) communities.

Recent Findings

The available data provides evidence that the pandemic has contributed to an increase in anti-Asian sentiment and discriminatory incidents. Many reports have surfaced showing a surge in anti-Chinese discrimination, which has “spilled over” into other Asian communities. Research is beginning to emerge to show that such discrimination may also impact health issues such as psychological distress. Given prior research, we would expect many more studies to emerge in the future. Also, the pandemic has illustrated the major gaps in data available to disentangle the health and social concerns facing Asian Americans and NHPI communities. Significant issues include the lack of systematic reporting of data for these communities both across states, and even among agencies within a state; erroneous aggregation of Asians with NHPIs; and censoring of data. These gaps and issues contribute to bias that obscures objective data and amplifies health inequalities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the well-being of Asian American and NHPI communities. It is critical to provide disaggregated data, not only so that we can have accurate reporting, but also to ensure data and health equity.
Energy-saving service management technology of internet of things using edge computing and deep learning
Authors: Li Defeng , Lan Mingming , Hu Yuan
Published: March 2022

The purpose is to solve the problems of high transmission rate and low delay in the deployment of mobile edge computing network, ensure the security and effectiveness of the Internet of things (IoT), and save resources. Dynamic power management is adopted to control the working state transition of Edge Data Center (EDC) servers. A load prediction model based on long-short term memory (LSTM) is creatively proposed. The innovation of the model is to shut down the server in idle state or low utilization in EDC, consider user mobility and EDC location information, learn the global optimal dynamic timeout threshold strategy and N-policy through trial and error reinforcement learning method, reasonably control the working state switching of the server, and realize load prediction and analysis. The results show that the performance of AdaGrad optimization solver is the best when the feature dimension is 3, the number of LSTM network layers is 6, the time series length is 30–45, the batch size is 128, the training time is 788 s, the number of units is 250, and the number of times is 350. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed load prediction model and power management mechanism improve the prediction accuracy by 4.21%. Compared with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) load prediction, the dynamic power management method of LSTM load prediction can reduce energy consumption by 12.5% and realize the balance between EDC system performance and energy consumption. The system can effectively meet the requirements of multi-access edge computing (MEC) for low delay, high bandwidth and high reliability, reduce unnecessary energy consumption and waste, and reduce the cost of MEC service providers in actual operation. This exploration has important reference value for promoting the energy-saving development of Internet-related industries.
Thiourea Leaching: An Update on a Sustainable Approach for Gold Recovery from E-waste
Authors: Ray Daniel A. , Baniasadi Mahsa , Graves John E. , Greenwood Alan , Farnaud Sebastien
Published: March 2022

Electronic waste is a dominant global issue with over 50 million tons generated annually. Still, as an amalgamation of precious and rare raw materials, electronic waste is a considerable economic resource with the most valuable components located on the printed circuit boards. Gold is widely used in electronics in numerous applications, although principally for contact points and external connectors. The recovery of gold, due to its high value, is one of the main motivations for recycling e-waste. Although pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processing are still the preferred modes of recovery for gold, the use of high-energy consuming pyro-methods, and the use of gold cyanidation that uses harmful lixiviants are increasingly discouraged. Thiourea has received attention as an alternative lixiviant for gold leaching due to its fast reaction kinetics and less harmful nature. This review aims to provide an up-to-date evaluation of thiourea-gold leaching studies from electronic waste, with emphasis on the recent progression from the classic chemical method to a more sustainable hybrid bioleaching-based system, while its challenges are highlighted. The complementary methods applied for gold retrieval from the pregnant solution are also described with a focus on sustainable methods that have the potential to provide a closed-loop system, the key objective for material recovery in a circular economy.

Graphical Abstract
High transcriptome plasticity drives phosphate starvation responses in tomato
Authors: Satheesh Viswanathan , Zhang Jieqiong , Li Jinkai , You Qiuye , Zhao Panfeng , Wang Peng , Lei Mingguang
Published: March 2022

Tomato is an important vegetable crop and fluctuating available soil phosphate (Pi) level elicits several morpho-physiological responses driven by underlying molecular responses. Therefore, understanding these molecular responses at the gene and isoform levels has become critical in the quest for developing crops with improved Pi use efficiency. A quantitative time-series RNA-seq analysis was performed to decipher the global transcriptomic changes that accompany Pi starvation in tomato. Apart from changes in the expression levels of genes, there were also alterations in the expression of alternatively-spliced transcripts. Physiological responses such as anthocyanin accumulation, reactive oxygen species generation and cell death are obvious 7 days after Pi deprivation accompanied with the maximum amount of transcriptional change in the genome making it an important stage for in-depth study while studying Pi stress responses (PSR). Our study demonstrates that transcriptomic changes under Pi deficiency are dynamic and complex in tomato. Overall, our study dwells on the dynamism of the transcriptome in eliciting a response to adapt to low Pi stress and lays it bare. Findings from this study will prove to be an invaluable resource for researchers using tomato as a model for understanding nutrient deficiency.
The political challenges of deep decarbonisation: towards a more integrated agenda
Authors: Jordan Andrew , Lorenzoni Irene , Tosun Jale , i Saus Joan Enguer , Geese Lucas , Kenny John , Saad Emiliano Levario , Moore Brendan , Schaub Simon G.
Published: March 2022

Adopting public policies to deliver the ambitious long-term goals of the Paris Agreement will require significant societal commitment. That commitment will eventually emerge from the interaction between policies, publics and politicians. This article has two main aims. First, it reviews the existing literatures on these three to identify salient research gaps. It finds that existing work has focused on one aspect rather than the dynamic interactions between them all. Second, it sets out a more integrated research agenda that explores the three-way interaction between publics, policies and politicians. It reveals that greater integration is required to understand better the conditions under which different political systems address societal commitment dilemmas. In the absence of greater research integration, there is a risk that policymakers cling to two prominent but partial policy prescriptions: that ‘democracy’ itself is the problem and should be suspended; and that more deliberative forms of democracy are required without explaining how they will co-exist with existing forms.
An Interactive Evolutionary Design Method for Mobile Product Customization and Validation of Its Application
Authors: Zeng Dong , Guan Ming , He Maoen , Tian Ziyu
Published: March 2022

Product customization is a means that effectively caters to personal needs, and as such, has increasingly caught the attention of both consumers and manufacturers. With technological advancements, the customization of products is now being made available through mobile applications. However, mobile apps need to be easy to use and operate, which presents some challenges for mobile app designers. In response, this study proposes an interactive evolutionary design method for mobile apps, based on an interactive genetic algorithm, to help consumers generate high-quality designs and enhance their retail experience by optimizing synthetic fitness and reducing the user’s fatigue from evaluation. Firstly, a human–computer interaction model for mobile interactive evolutionary design was launched to solve the screen space problem and simplify the evaluation process. Secondly, to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, this paper combines hesitation patterns to obtain accurate individual fitness. Thirdly, an ongoing prediction and replacement mechanism were presented to improve user experience. After addressing these items, the proposed method is applied to a customization system that involves traditional brocade patterns of the Zhuang ethnic group in southwestern China and validated using a conventional interactive evolutionary design system with an interactive genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method increases the designs’ efficiency, and can help consumers effectively customize their product purchases on mobile devices.