bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioethanol production from groundnut shell using microorganisms derived from sugarcane root soil
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Dr. N.G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India., nithi R. Sree , kumaran D. Thiru ,   Department of Microbiology, Dr. N.G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India, M.E Pavithra ,   Department of Microbiology, KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India, J Rengaramanujam ,   Department of Microbiology, Dr. N.G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India, V Mithra ,   Department of Biotechnology, SNS College of Allied Health Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India.
Published: September 2024

Bioethanol is a form of renewable energy that can be produced from fuel or energy crops. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugars present in agricultural feed stocks and crop residues. This study investigates the use of agro wastes like groundnut shells for ethanol production. Initially, the groundnut shells were washed, dried and grinded into powder. Then it was subjected to ethanol production using yeast. After 20 days of incubation the ethanol was estimated using potassium dichromate method. The maximum ethanol yield (1.55%) was obtained when 1% yeast was used. To increase the efficiency of ethanol production, the cellulolytic bacteria was isolated from the cow dung dumped soil site. The 10 bacterial isolates were screened for cellulase enzyme production. Among them one bacterium showed maximum decolourization of congored which was subjected for enzyme production in nutrient broth. The organism showed maximum enzyme activity of 558.12 U/ml. The isolated cellulolytic bacteria were identified as Bacillus anthracis using 16s rDNA sequencing. Ethanol production from the groundnut shells was again carried out with various concentration of crude cellulase enzyme isolated from the bacteria. The estimation result showed 3.8% of ethanol as maximum. Then the ethanol was condensed using a rotary evaporator and when again estimated, showed 7.3% of ethanol. Finally, the presence of ethanol was confirmed by iodoform test. Thus, groundnut shells can efficiently be used for the production of ethanol, which can be used as a high potential fuel source for transportation in the future.
Empowering Principals for Lifelong Learning: Self-directed Approaches in Digitalized Information Systems
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Sumettikoon Piyapong
Published: September 2024

The study delves into the dynamic interplay between digitalized information systems, competencies, self-directed learning, and lifelong learning in the context of the contemporary educational landscape. With the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and evolving competencies becoming integral to education, understanding their combined impact on individuals' attitudes toward lifelong learning is paramount. Past research has explored these elements individually, but a comprehensive examination of their interconnected relationships remains scarce. The primary purpose is to investigate how AI integration, competencies, and self-directed learning collectively influence lifelong learning attitudes. The study aims to uncover the intricate dynamics by exploring the impact of digitalized information systems on competencies, the mediating role of self-directed learning, and the overall implications for lifelong learning behaviors. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the study focuses on teachers in China, distributing 500 questionnaires and receiving 340 responses. The research design incorporates a cross-sectional survey methodology, employing a structured questionnaire to gather data on AI integration, competencies, self-directed learning, and lifelong learning attitudes. Preliminary findings reveal significant correlations between AI integration, competencies, self-directed learning, and lifelong learning attitudes. The study observes the mediating role of self-directed learning, highlighting its importance in shaping the relationship between digitalized information systems, competencies, and the inclination toward lifelong learning. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the complex relationships in contemporary education. Its originality lies in integrating AI integration, competencies, and self-directed learning into a comprehensive framework.
Incorporating AI into English Language Learning: An Experimental Study Focusing on Autonomous Learning
Authors: Kim Eunhyun , Sim Juyoun
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of integrating AI-powered tool, Plang, on English language learning among Korean EFL learners. Specifically, the study aims to examine the overall experiences of using the AI app in language learning and the impact of using the AI app on learners’ autonomous learning. The two-month study employed a qualitative data approach derived from a mixed-method study involving pre- and post-survey, reflective journals, and in-depth individual interviews. Overall, the findings have shown that the integration of the AI-powered tool into the English language learning helped learners: (i) to enhance language skills, particularly speaking proficiency; (ii) to foster learner autonomy through a personalized feedback system; and (iii) to establish a new goal that facilitates active learner engagement. The analysis also points out some challenges learners faced in the learning process. Some important implications of this study are discussed for teachers who consider integrating AI-powered tools into English language teaching. Considering that there has been little research on incorporating AI tools into classrooms, it is recommended that further research should highlight more dynamic classroom cases by developing a flipped classroom model utilizing AI tools in English language teaching contexts.
A YOLOV3-Based Method for Detecting Deepfake Manipulated Facial Images
Authors: Karaköse Mehmet , Yetiş Hasan , Çeçen Mert
Published: September 2024

With the advancement of technology and the development of applications that make it easier to transfer images, sounds and videos to the virtual environment, it has become much easier to access people's personal information, videos and images. Deepfake technology produces fakes of authentic images or sounds using deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques. Today, in addition to being used in the entertainment and film industries, it is also used in situations such as creating fake news and discrediting people. Different studies have been conducted in the literature to detect deepfake images and videos to prevent these situations. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. Real and fake images were collected and labelled from different datasets or videos, and a dataset was created by applying the necessary pre-processing steps. With the created dataset, training was carried out with YOLOv3 technology, which calculates class probabilities differently from traditional methods using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and handles all operations in a single regression problem, which can make fast and high-accurate detection, and the modelling process is explained. With the tests performed in the study, the model that can detect fake images produced with deepfake technology with 95% accuracy was obtained.
A Multifunctional Project Study for Elazig: Botanic Park, Pumped Irrigation Line, and Solar-Hydroelectric Power Plant
Authors: Aytaç Ayça
Published: September 2024

Urban centers serve as more than just hubs of economic activity; they are also focal points of community life and social interaction. It is incumbent upon local authorities to elevate the standard of living within these urban environments by establishing communal spaces conducive to enhancing the well-being of residents. To this end, botanical gardens and recreational areas have been established in numerous developed cities worldwide. These amenities not only enrich the lives of inhabitants and local fauna but also constitute significant contributors to the municipal economy. Recognizing their pivotal role in urban economies, the imperative lies in implementing projects that optimize the utilization of available water resources. The prospect of establishing such a facility in the heart of Elazig holds promise. This study undertakes a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of establishing a botanical garden within the designated area, exploring avenues such as tapping into the Keban Dam reservoir, constructing a micro-hydroelectric power plant utilizing downstream water, and other potential initiatives
Effect of Dietary Zinc on the Antioxidant Parameters of Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Mustafa Shokri , Harlıoğlu Muzaffer , Aksu Önder , Batool Zahra
Published: September 2024

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micro mineral needed for the proper growth and immune function of fish. This investigation was designed to examine the antioxidant role of a fortified diet with different Zn levels in the muscle and liver tissues of carp fry. A four-iso-nitrogen (35% crude protein) practical diet was produced that included graded levels of dietary zinc sulphate as a nutritional zinc resource in the fundamental diet supplemented with increased zinc levels (T1, control, 85 mg Zn kg-1, T2 105 mg Zn kg-1, T3, 125 mg Zn kg-1 and T4, 145 mg Zn kg-1). Even though the SOD and CAT analysis results did not show a linear increase in the increasing Zn ratio in the diets, higher values were obtained compared to the control groups. SOD highest values in T3 for the liver (0.713 ± 0.220 U/ml) and T1 for muscle (0.751 ± 0.144 U/ml), CAT values were highest in T2 for the liver (0.849 ± 0.115 nmol/dk/m) and T2 for muscle (1.059 ± 0.148 nmol/dk/m) was obtained. MDA values were completely higher for the muscle than for the control group, and for the liver, a lower value was obtained in the T2 trial group than in the control group (1.671 ± 0.230 µM). The results of the study showed that Zn contributed significantly to the nutrition of carp fish. It can be concluded that the findings of SOD and CAT analysis endorse the positive contributions of using 105 mg Zn in the diets to promote the antioxidant defense of juvenile carp fish.
High-Precision Angle Measurement for Position Control in Industrial Drives Systems with Shaft Resolver
Authors: Çelikel Reşat , Gündoğdu Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Resolver is a shaft angle sensor, which is mechanically connected to the motor shaft and operates according to the induction principle. A high frequency sinusoidal signal is applied to its input and produces two signals in the form of sine and cosine at its output. The output signals include the angle information of the motor shaft. Using these signals, the shaft angle of the motor is determined. In the study, a sinusoidal signal at the 5 kHz frequency was applied to an input resolver as the conventional method. After, the fact that applied to two PWM signals which has a duty ratio d=0.5 at 20 kHz and 100 kHz frequency is proposed as different from the conventional method. These PWM signals are the input signals of the resolver. Thus, complex equipment will not be needed to produce the high frequency sinusoidal signal. With only a simple amplifier circuit, a high frequency input signal will be produced. More sensitive angle information will be obtained with high frequency stimulation. A simulation study of conventional and proposed methods has been performed in MATLAB/Simscape environment. As a result of the simulation study, the information on the motor angle obtained from both methods was compared by using figures and details. By increasing the applied PWM signal from 20 kHz to 100 kHz, measurement errors related to shaft angle change were minimized and more precise position information was obtained.
Seismic Assessment of Masonry Minarets under Different Earthquakes
Authors: Sekin Eronat Şule , Sayın Erkut , Özmen Alper
Published: September 2024

Minarets are tall and slender structures and form important elements of mosques. Most historical minarets are constructed with masonry (brick or stone units), while modern minarets typically use reinforced concrete. Recent earthquakes have shown that the majority of these structures are highly susceptible to seismic excitation leading to a range of structural damage, from minor cracking to complete collapse. In this paper, the seismic response of a representative masonry minaret was investigated using acceleration records of the 1999 Kocaeli, 2003 Bingöl and 2011 Van earthquakes. All acceleration records were scaled according to the location of the minaret. For this purpose, a representative masonry minaret that is thought to have been built in the city's central part of Elazığ, Turkey was chosen. After the seismic analysis, displacement and stress values obtained on the minaret were presented. It was seen that the displacements were increased along the height of the minaret. Also, the maximum and minimum stress values were obtained between the cylindrical body and transition segment of the minaret in accordance with the damage zones in the past earthquakes.
A New Cryptographic Key Planning Algorithm Based on Blum Blum Shub
Authors: Karakuş Songül , Artuğer Fırat
Published: September 2024

The Blum Blum Shub (BBS) algorithm is one of the known powerful pseudo random number generators. This algorithm can be used for key generation. BBS is basically based on the product of two large prime numbers and a seed value. The selection of these values is a critical issue. In this study, a new approach is proposed to overcome this problem. In the proposed approach, a prime number pool is first created. At this point, the user sets a start and end value. The primes in this range are generated and stored in an array. Then, two primes are randomly selected from this prime number pool with chaotic maps. The positions of these prime numbers in the array are recorded. The seed value is taken as the sum of the positions of these two primes. In other words, the parameters to be selected will be randomly selected in the ranges that the user will enter at that moment. In this study, two random bit sequences were obtained in this way. These sequences are 1 million bits long. NIST SP 800-22 tests were applied to these sequences and the sequences successfully completed all tests.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Perekrutan Panitia Pemilihan Kecamatan Menggunakan Metode Additive Ratio Assessment
Authors: Sari Anggy Permata , Supiyandi Supiyandi
Published: September 2024

Dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu, terdapat masalah terkait kurangnya metode evaluasi menyeluruh dalam seleksi anggota panitia pemilihan kecamatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan metode evaluasi yang efektif dengan menggunakan teknik Addition Rate Assessment (ARAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 99,95%, dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 0,9367, yang direkomendasikan sebagai calon anggota panitia pemilihan kecamatan. Penerapan ARAS membuat proses seleksi menjadi lebih transparan dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, serta memastikan bahwa anggota yang terpilih memiliki integritas dan tanggung jawab penuh dalam menjalankan tugas mereka. Dengan demikian, penggunaan ARAS tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu, tetapi juga memperkuat kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap proses demokratis yang adil dan akuntabel.
Pembentukan Model Hirarki Tren Penelitian Berdasarkan Analisis Bibliometrik
Authors: Irawan Muhammad Dedi , Ikhwan Ali , Navea Roy Francis
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Bibliometrix dalam R untuk menganalisis tren penelitian terkait Analytic Network Process (ANP) selama lima tahun terakhir (2019-2024) berdasarkan dataset dari Web of Science. Setelah melakukan analisis terhadap 968 artikel ilmiah, penelitian ini tidak hanya menghasilkan wawasan mendalam tentang tren penelitian ANP, tetapi juga membentuk model hirarki yang terdiri dari: 1) Goal – tren penelitian ANP, 2) Kriteria – komponen analisis bibliometrik seperti tren kata kunci, jurnal berpengaruh, serta negara dan penulis yang aktif, dan 3) Alternatif – hasil analisis bibliometrik yang mencerminkan tren topik dalam penelitian ANP. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis bibliometrik dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kriteria dan alternatif dalam perankingan tren penelitian, serta memberikan kontribusi bagi berbagai metode Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK), termasuk AHP dan ANP
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan untuk Penentuan Penambahan Produk Berdasarkan Persentase Penjualan Menggunakan Metode ELECTRE
Authors: Priyamita Adinda , Amanda Ami , Sitompul Anju Alba
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penyediaan stok barang di Alfamart, yang sering menghadapi ketidakcocokan antara penambahan stok oleh distributor dan permintaan pelanggan akibat variasi permintaan tiap produk. Kesalahan pengelolaan stok sering terjadi, mengakibatkan penumpukan atau kekurangan barang. Penelitian ini membantu sektor ritel dalam menentukan produk yang perlu ditingkatkan suplai-nya untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan. Metode ELECTRE digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam penambahan stok, diimplementasikan dalam sistem berbasis PHP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produk seperti Cheetos Twisted, Sari Roti, dan Coklat Silverqueen memiliki prioritas tertinggi untuk penambahan stok, sesuai dengan potensi keuntungan yang paling tinggi. Usulan sistem ini juga mencakup pengujian blackbox, yang memastikan bahwa aplikasi berfungsi sesuai harapan dan memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat membantu manajemen Alfamart dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait penyediaan stok.
Implementasi Metode Vikor dalam Penerimaan Beasiswa Kurang Mampu pada SMA N 5 Padang
Authors: Paisal Hena Utami Putri , Hadi Febri , Pohan Nurmaliana
Published: September 2024

Metode VIKOR (VIšekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje) merupakan teknik pengambilan keputusan multi-kriteria yang cocok untuk seleksi penerima beasiswa karena mempertimbangkan banyak kriteria sekaligus. Dalam penerapannya di SMA N 5 Padang untuk penyeleksian beasiswa kurang mampu, langkah awal adalah mengidentifikasi kriteria penilaian seperti nilai akhir raport, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, kepemilikan rumah, dan penghasilan orang tua. Setelah data dinormalisasi dan bobot kriteria ditentukan, indeks preferensi (S, R, Q) dihitung untuk menentukan peringkat setiap calon. Calon dengan indeks terendah dianggap terbaik dan hasil ini divalidasi sebelum implementasi. Pendekatan VIKOR memastikan keputusan yang efisien, objektif, dan proporsional sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan.
FUNCTIONAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED FE-MN-SI ALLOYS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: RYBALCHENKO O.V. , MARTYNENKO N.S. , RYBALCHENKO G.V. , LUKYANOVA E.A. , KOMAROV V.S. , KAPLAN M.A. , BELYAKOV A.N. , DOLZHENKO P.D. , SHCHETININ I.V. , RAAB A.G. , DOBATKIN S.V.
Published: September 2024

This work examines the possibility of regulating the corrosion rate of Fe-Mn-Si alloys by modifying their structure via equal channel angular pressing. It is found that the formed ultrafine-grained austenitic structure of Fe-Mn-Si alloys leads to a significant increase in strength characteristics at satisfactory ductility. The presence of special twin boundaries in the structure of Fe-Mn-Si alloys improves their corrosion resistance, while a predominantly grain-subgrain structure in the absence of twin boundaries increases the corrosion rate up to 0.4 mm/year. The shape memory effect in the studied alloys manifests itself at temperatures unacceptable for medical use. Structure refinement by equal channel angular pressing in modes that ensure a completely austenitic state leads to a decrease in shape memory properties.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COMPLEX-SHAPED WORKPIECE FORMING FROM ULTRAFINE-GRAINED TI ALLOY AND SUBSEQUENT DEPOSITION OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS BASED ON HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY
Authors: VALIEV R.R. , OLEINIK A.V. , ASFANDIYAROV R.N. , NAZAROV A.YU. , RAMAZANOV K.N. , SAVINA YA.N. , KILMAMETOV A.R.
Published: September 2024

The paper reports on finite element simulation of extrusion of a complex-shaped workpiece made of the ultrafine-grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy and vacuum-arc deposition of a protective coating based on the TiVZrCrAl high-entropy alloy. Temperature fields formed in the workpiece during extrusion are studied. Strain-induced heating and the necessary forming force are determined for the initial temperature-rate conditions. The distribution of strain intensity in the workpiece during extrusion is also analyzed. According to the obtained data, the chosen temperature-rate conditions allow using the ultrafine-grained titanium alloy as the initial workpiece without deteriorating its mechanical characteristics. Computer simulation of the coating deposition on the complex-shaped workpiece provides values of the temperature, chemical composition, and thickness of the high-entropy coating. Thus, the coating thickness is about 6.5-7.5 μm, and the surface heating temperature during the deposition process is within 368-597°C, which allows retaining the ultrafine-grained structure in the alloy.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND FRACTURE OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED NEAR β TITANIUM ALLOY UNDER THREE-POINT BENDING
Authors: NAYDENKIN E.V.
Published: September 2024

Comparative studies are conducted on the structure and mechanical properties of the ultrafine-grained Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-1Cr-1Fe alloy obtained by abc pressing and radial shear rolling with subsequent aging. It is shown that the ultrafine-grained structure formed by these methods provides increased strength properties both in tension and in three-point bending compared to the initial coarse-grained state. At the same time, the alloy obtained by abc pressing demonstrates a higher resistance to fracture during three-point bending compared to the alloy obtained by radial shear rolling + aging due to its enhanced ductility. This also determines the ductile pattern of fracture of the ultrafine-grained alloy obtained by abc pressing during three-point bending in contrast to brittle-ductile fracture of the alloy obtained by radial shear rolling + aging.
EVOLUTION OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AL-B COMPOSITE WITH THE ULTRAFINE-GRAINED ALUMINUM MATRIX
Authors: BOBRUK E.V. , RAMAZANOV I.A. , ASTANIN V.V.
Published: September 2024

The paper examines the microstructural evolution of alloy 1565ch of the Al-Mg-Mn-Zn-Zr system during thermomechanical treatment, including severe plastic deformation by high-pressure torsion or equal channel angular pressing according to the conform scheme and subsequent isothermal rolling at 200°C. Formation of the nanostructured and ultrafine-grained states in alloy 1565ch with the controlled distribution of Al3Mg2, Al6Mn and Al3Zr phases both inside grains and at their boundaries allows for the superplastic effect at the temperatures 250 and 300°C and strain rates 5 × 10-2, 10-2, and 5 × 10-3 s-1. Microstructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy shows that superplastic deformation at the temperatures 250 and 300°C allows a homogeneous ultrafine-grained state to be preserved. The studied ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy 1565ch has a high strength and the ability to relieve stresses, and therefore it can be favorably used as the matrix material in composites reinforced with continuous boron fibers. In the paper, we use this alloy to study special features of production of a multilayer metal matrix composite according to the foil-fiber-foil scheme by isothermal pressing in the low-temperature superplastic mode. This method has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the composite, such as ultimate strength at 200°C, impact strength at room temperature, and fracture toughness at room temperature.
ROLE OF NANOSIZED ROTATIONAL VORTICES IN COLD DEFORMATION OF METALLIC GLASSES BY THE EXAMPLE OF ALLOY VIT105
Authors: ASTANIN V.V. , KORZNIKOVA E.A. , GUNDEROV D.V. , ASTANIN V.V. , DMITRIEV S.V. , BHATT J.
Published: September 2024

The experimental data on the deformation of amorphous alloy Vit105 (Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5) and its molecular dynamics simulation gave birth to new ideas about the mechanism of plastic deformation of disordered structures. A special method of torsion under hydrostatic pressure allows forming a developed deformation relief on the surface of polished specimens. Inspection of the relief points to the formation of shear bands on the surface, which can merge or branch, freely intersect or be arrested by an obstacle, forming a delta of small shear bands. Simulations based on the Morse pair potential made it possible to obtain a two-dimensional amorphous structure and study its deformation at the atomic level. Under the applied load, material regions are displaced due to the appearance of atomic-scale vortices within the shear band creating free volume, which is a structural feature of amorphous materials. A vortex causes redistribution of stress fields, which, when added to external stresses, are capable of activating similar vortices in the neighboring regions of the material, both in the direction of the applied stresses and along the vortex axis. In the latter case, a vortex tube is formed, which acts by the tornado mechanism. Displacement occurs by the tube movement in the direction of the principle shear stresses, and a path on the specimen surface is made by the screw component of the tube. An increase in the number of vortex tubes and their interaction causes a deformation band. Though playing the role of dislocations, vortex tubes are independent of specific crystalline planes and can move in arbitrary directions. This explains the experimentally observed features of deformation of amorphous alloys.
TRANSFORMATION OF RETAINED AUSTENITE AND PORTEVIN-LE CHATELIER EFFECT IN 44CRMN2SI2MO STEEL UNDER TENSION
Authors: BORISOV S.I. , BORISOVA YU. , TKACHEV E.S. , GAIDAR S.M. , KAIBYSHEV R.O.
Published: September 2024

The 44CrMn2Si2Mo steel heat treated by quenching and partitioning demonstrates a unique combination of strength characteristics: yield strength σ0.2 = 1140 MPa, ultimate strength σВ = 1690 MPa, and elongation δ = 20.7%. Quenching and partitioning leads to the formation of a multiphase structure consisting of primary martensite, retained austenite, bainite, and secondary martensite. Primary martensite and bainite contain Fe2C transition carbides. The high ductility of the steel is due to the transformation of retained austenite into strain-induced martensite during tension, which ensures high strain hardening. Stable plastic flow is observed at low strain, when a significant fraction of retained austenite is transformed into strain-induced martensite. The plastic flow instability, which is referred to as the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect on deformation curves and plastic flow localization in deformation bands, occurs at higher strains and is associated with the transformation of film-like retained austenite. The velocity of deformation bands decreases with a decrease in the volume fraction of retained austenite. Localization of plastic flow in the neck and fracture occur when the transformation of retained austenite into strain-induced martensite cannot provide strain hardening, and deformation bands lose their mobility.
RADIAL DEPENDENCES OF THE PHASE COMPOSITION, NANOHARDNESS, AND YOUNG’S MODULUS FOR TI-2 WT % FE ALLOY AFTER HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION
Authors: GORNAKOVA A.S. , PROKOFIEV S.I. , AFONIKOVA N.S. , TYURIN A.I. , KORNEVA A.V. , KILMAMETOV A.V. , STRAUMAL B.B.
Published: September 2024

The specimens of Ti-2 wt % Fe alloy were annealed at three different temperatures, in the β-Ti, (α-Ti + β-Ti) and (α-Ti + TiFe) fields of the Ti-Fe phase diagram, then water quenched and subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT). The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the main phase in all annealed samples was the α phase (more than 90%), while the main phase after HPT was the ω phase. The hardness H and Young’s modulus E were determined by nanoindentation at the center, in the middle of the radius, and near the edge of each specimen. It was found that the H and E values were different for specimens annealed at different temperatures and depended on the radial coordinate of the indentation region. The maximum H values were obtained in the middle of the radius of the specimens. The E values of all specimens decreased from the center to the edge, reaching very low values. The paper discusses structure transformations during HPT, the behavior of the radial dependences of H and E , and probable causes of a strong decrease in E values.
EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY DEFORMATION ON THE FORMATION OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED STRUCTURE DURING EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
Authors: BOTKIN A.V. , VALIEV R.Z. , VOLKOVA E.P. , KHUDODODOVA G.D. , EBRAHIMI R.
Published: September 2024

The formation of ultrafine-grained structure is very desirable in the microstructural design of magnesium alloys, in particular Mg-Zn-Ca medical alloy, for a substantial increase in their strength and corrosion resistance. However, conventional processing of these alloys by equal channel angular pressing is not easily applicable due to their low deformability, which often leads to rapid fracture of billets. In this paper, computer simulation data and principles of physical mesomechanics are used to demonstrate that preliminary deformation of Mg alloy billets by reduction at high temperatures and low strain rates significantly increases their deformation capacity and enables equal channel angular pressing at lower temperatures, resulting in billets with ultrafine-grained structure. Consideration is given to the physical nature of the established effect.
PERFORMANCE OF TWINNING-INDUCED PLASTICITY STEEL PROCESSED BY MULTIPASS EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: ENIKEEV N.A. , ABRAMOVA M.M. , SMIRNOV I.V. , MAVLYUTOV A.M. , KIM J.G. , LEE C.S. , KIM H.S.
Published: September 2024

The present paper deals with twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with the microstructure refined by severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular pressing and explores the mechanical behavior of a steel with qualitatively different microstructures formed in the temperature range 400-900°C. Mechanical characteristics of a steel in different structural states are studied in static tensile tests, biaxial and dynamic tests. Structural changes in the material during severe deformation at different temperatures are discussed, and their effect on the mechanical parameters of TWIP steel is considered. High temperatures of equal channel angular pressing allow for more homogeneous recrystallized structures, which ensure the best combination of the yield stress, formability, plasticity, and crack resistance. These findings can be important in developing high-performance steels for the automotive and hydrogen industries.
Search What You Want To See Inflation: The Dog that Did not Bark
Authors:   Islamic Development Bank Institute, Al-Suwailem Sami
Published: September 2024

There is something curious about the way monetary authorities deal with the current high rates of inflation. A tight monetary policy is necessary to curb demand and stabilize prices. Without a strong stance, the official view maintains, inflation may spiral out of control.
US Banking Crisis and Risks of Global Contagion
Authors:   Islamic Development Bank Institute, Diop Cheikh Ahmed , Zulkhibri Muhamed , Yagci Mustafa
Published: September 2024

The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank on 8-10 March 2023 has triggered deep financial turmoil in the US and prompted financial and monetary authorities to intervene to swiftly avert a contagion. SVB specialized in providing finance and banking services to venture-backed start-ups, most of which are technology firms. It was the largest US bank to fail since the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008. SVB’s failure is generally attributed to liquidity exacerbated by large and quick withdrawals, net interest margins associated with the broader tech sector downturn, and rising interest rates that resulted in the deterioration of their balance sheets because of large unrealized losses. The collapse of SVB occurred amid tightening global financial conditions and increasing uncertainty about global recovery prospects. As such, it is imperative to understand and examine the extent to which broader central bank policies interacted with SVB’s failure. In 2022, in response to the global inflation acceleration, central banks, especially the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) of the US, raised interest rates, from 0.125% in February 2022 (pre-East European crisis) to 4.625% in February 2023. Because of the shift from monetary easing to tightening, bond yields have started to reflect changing market sentiments in the US, the impact of which can be observed in bank balance sheets. As a result, the value of long-term assets, such as government bonds and mortgages, have deteriorated, exposing solvency concerns and liquidity stress, especially for mid-sized and regional banks. Despite massive bailouts for the US banking sector, investor sentiment has remained fragile and global contagion risks remain. This topical paper aims to provide further insights into the US banking crisis as it unfolds. The analysis focuses on the following aspects: (i) understanding the circumstances that led to the crisis (ii) highlighting the policy reactions so far, (iii) assessing the risks of contagion globally, and (iv) drawing potential lessons and recommendations.
Unlocking the Access of SMEs to Capital Markets through Sukuk Enhancement Fund
Authors:   Islamic Development Bank Institute, Abdul Manap Turkhan
Published: September 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are vital in promoting economic growth, accounting for 90% of businesses, providing 60 to 70% of employment, and contributing 50% of the world’s GDP (World Bank). They are the backbone of societies worldwide, supporting livelihoods, especially among the working poor, women, youth, and vulnerable groups. With the proper support, SMEs have the potential to transform economies, promote job creation, and foster equitable economic growth. According to the International Finance Corporation (IFC), approximately 65 million businesses in developing countries, representing 40% of formal SMEs, require an additional US$5.2 trillion in financing annually (World Bank). This amount is equivalent to 1.4 times the current global SME lending. Bridging this financing gap requires improving the ecosystem and introducing innovative tools to facilitate financing. SMEs need better access to capital markets and should explore new methods to acquire funding and sustain growth. The Sukuk Enhancement Fund (SEF) proposal by researchers at the Islamic Development Bank Institute (IsDBI) aims to help SMEs access capital markets for sustainable growth and financial resilience.
Decision-making techniques based on aggregation operators and similarity measures under q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy connection numbers and their application
Authors: Hassan Khawar , Shaheen Tanzeela , Ali Wajid , Haq Iftikhar Ul , Bibi Nadia , Adak Amal Kumar
Published: September 2024

The concept of q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set represents an advancement and extension of hesitant fuzzy sets, encompassing both fuzzy sets and q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets. q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set characterizes a set of membership and non-membership grades within the interval [0, 1], which enhances its adaptability compared to existing methods. This flexibility proves invaluable in providing more insightful data about various objects. The primary objective of this research is to introduce a decision-making technique in the context of q-RHF using the theory of set pair analysis (SPA). q-RHFS effectively handles ambiguous data by incorporating membership and non-membership grades, while the connection number (CN) based on SPA theory manages the intricacies of uncertainty and certainty structures by relying on "identity", "discrepancy" and "contrary" grades. Building on the relationship between q-RHFS and the connection number of set pair analysis, a comprehensive framework known as q-rung hesitant fuzzy connection number set  (qHCNs) is developed. This model not only addresses uncertainty, but also offers valuable insights. Furthermore, this research introduces similarity measures derived from qHCN and examines their advantages through illustrative examples. Additionally, a novel approach to decision modeling utilizing these measures applied to medical diagnosis is also introduced. The application of this established model contributes to an effective approach and demonstrated its soundness and efficiency. In addition, a detailed comparative study is conducted with the existing models and advantages of proposed model. The research concludes with a summary of the authors' findings, highlighting the consistency and effectiveness of their work.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA CIALAM JAYA KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Wirasta Nengah , Nalefo La , Arif La Ode Kasno
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the application of sustainable agriculture principles in paddy rice farming in Cialam Jaya village, Konda sub-district, South Konawe district. Informants were determined by snowball sampling with a total of 6 informants. The method in this study uses qualitative analysis, as for the analysis used in this study, namely: data reduction, data analysis and data interpretation. The results showed that the application of the principles of sustainable agriculture on wet-rice farming in the village was at the adaptation stage, but not yet fully sustainable. Farmers have implemented several principles such as crop diversification, integrated pest control, and the use of organic fertilizers, but still depend on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. More intensive efforts are needed to improve the overall application of sustainable agriculture principles in order to achieve sustainability of food production, environmental protection and improvement of farmers' welfare.
PERAN SUBAK MERTABAYU DALAM ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA MONAPA KECAMATAN MOWILA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Winata Gusti Ngurah Wirayuda , Rianse Usman , Nalefo La
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to ascertain the role of Subak Mertabayu in climate adaptation, to increase the productivity of paddy rice farming in Monapa Village, Mowila Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The informants for this study were selected via purposive sampling. The research informants are comprised of three distinct groups: stakeholders, subak administrators, and subak users. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis with the assistance of an interview guide. This study focuses on the role of Subak Mertabayu in paddy rice farming. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods by the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings indicate that Subak Mertabayu plays a pivotal role in assisting farmers in adapting to climate change. Through its institutional framework, Subak has implemented a range of adaptation strategies, including the adoption of efficient irrigation technology, diversification of crops, and the cultivation of resilient crop varieties. Moreover, Subak also assumes the responsibility of educating and counselling its members on sustainable agricultural practices that can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agricultural productivity.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS PETANI DALAM USAHATANI BUAH NAGA DI DESA ALEBO JAYA KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Opi Saktiyani , Taufik Yani , Rosmawaty Rosmawaty
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research was to; (1) Knowing and analyzing the capacity of farmers in dragon fruit farming in Alebo Jaya Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency. This research was carried out in March-July 2024 with farmer informants. Determining the research location was carried out purposively with the consideration that farmers in Alebo Jaya Village, Konda District have been cultivating dragon fruit for a long time. This research used primary data and secondary data which were analyzed descriptively, using interview techniques with 10 dragon fruit farmers as informants. With the following results: This research shows that the capacity of farmers used in Alebo Jaya Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency is the capacity of farmers related to eradicating the white fungus pest that attacks dragon fruit. Analysis of farmers' capacity in dragon fruit farming in Alebo Jaya Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency. With the presence of white fungus medicine, farmers felt relieved and grateful because they were able to be helped in overcoming the problems they faced.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND NITROPOSKA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT ON ULTISOL SOIL
Authors: Ansi Azhar
Published: September 2024

The aim of the research was to study the effect of organic fertilizer and Nitrophoska on the growth and yield of peanuts on ultisol soils. The study was conducted in the Labibia sub district, Kendari city, from January to April 2023. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RAK) in a factorial pattern with three replications consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely: control (B0), 5 t ha-1 (B1), 10 t ha-1 (B2), and 15 t ha-1 (B3). The second factor was Nitrophoska fertilizer which consisted of 3 levels, namely control (P0), 75 kg ha-1 (P1), and 150 kg ha-1 (P2) so that there were 4x3x3=36 experimental units. Observation variables included: plant height, leaf area, weight of 100 seeds, yield per plot and yield per ha. The results showed that there was an interaction between organic fertilizer and Nitrophoska on the observed variables. The best results were obtained in the treatment of 15 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer and 150 kg ha-1 of Nitrophoska fertilizer with the highest production reaching 0.93 t ha-1.
The Nexus between Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Sustainability Disclosure: A Review of Theoretical Frameworks and Empirical Findings
Authors: Mubeen Muhammad , Naseer Khoula , Rehan Muhammad , Kamran Kinza , Arshad Saira
Published: September 2024

This bibliometric analysis aims to provide a thorough historical picture of Corporate Social Responsibility and Disclosure (CSRD) within the corporate world. For this purpose, we meticulously gathered and scrutinized a corpus of 496 articles that pertain to sustainability disclosures and corporate governance, spanning the period from 1995 to 2021. During this research endeavor, we made use of 'biblioshiny,' an interactive online interface made possible by R-Bibliometric studio's 3.0 toolset, to carry out a thorough Bibliometric analysis and conceptual exploration. Our investigation has discerned the Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management journal as the foremost journal in terms of source impact. Notably, the centerpiece journal article emerges as 'Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures,' which prominently features the burgeoning economies as a recurrently cited focal point. Examining the lexical landscape, our study spotlights the recurrent usage of specific terms across various elements, including abstracts, author-assigned keywords, additional keywords, and titles. The prevalent terms encompass 'corporate governance,' 'disclosures,' and 'sustainability.' meanwhile, Indonesia emerges as the most prolific contributor in terms of publications in this domain. In our pursuit of classifying the interconnected literature streams and ascertaining the evolving trends within corporate governance literature, we judiciously employed a conceptual framework. To this end, a co-occurrence network was meticulously constructed, elucidating four primary study streams: corporate governance, environmental reporting, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility disclosures. After thematic evaluation, we have developed a thematic map that is used for the understanding of the basic or transversal themes, emerging or declining themes, motor themes, and highly developed but isolated themes. These themes are used for future direction and highlighted the area that which have critical on the research areas. These thematic insights hold great potential for shaping future research directions and underscoring pivotal areas warranting profound investigation.
Mapping of agricultural ecological zones (AEZ) for Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Aman adel mawlood  , Dalshad Rasool Azeez  , Abd Al-kader .A. Alhadede
Published: September 2024

???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? (RS) ????? ????????? ???????? (GIS) ???? ??????? ???????? (37323) ??2 ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 25 41 ?15 44 ????? ???? ?????? ??? 15 34 ?3 37 ??????.
?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? (????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? GIS ??? ?? ??? (???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ) ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? (2.28? 8.14? 10.49? 9.95? 15.05? 30.16? 19.01? 2.03? 2.88) % ??? ???? ??? ???????.
Antifeeding effect of some plant extracts on tobacco cutwormSpodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Jalal Haitham , Batool Hani Ezzulddine Al-Anssari
Published: September 2024

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????  ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ,??????? , ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? Spodoptera litura  , ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? . ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? . ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? 55.5, 51.4 , 51.3, 16.9, 10.9 % ??? ??????? , ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? 59.7, 57.3, 59.3, 25.7,20.6  % ??? ??????? . ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????  ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? . ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? Atropine  , Xanthine  ????????? ???? ????? 0.943 , 0.947  ??? ??????? , ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? Galic acid ,  Rutine , ???? ????? 0.860 , 0.864 ??? ??????? . ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? .
Effect of Adding of Bacteriocin Produced from Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteria on the Microbial Content and Some Pathogenic Bacteria in Soft Cheese
Authors: Ahmed Hamad  M. Al-Jandal  , Muhammed Ahmed Jassim  , Fahad K. Y. Al-dulaimi
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture at Tikrit University for the period from the beginning of May until the end of September 2022. The effect of adding bacteriocin produced from Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria in the manufacture of soft cheese was studied. The cheese was made from pasteurized cow's milk with the addition of (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% of bacteriocins) and its microbial content (aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeasts and molds) was studied during the refrigerated storage period (at 5 ± 1 °C). For 28 days. And a study of the effect of bacteriocins on (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli) as pathogenic bacteria in soft cheese. The results of the statistical analysis of these factors showed that there were significant differences in the total numbers of microorganisms in the soft cheese produced. The addition of bacteriocin had a clear effect on all types of microorganisms under study during the storage period.