bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
p35 is a Crucial Player in NK-cell Cytotoxicity and TGFβ-mediated NK-cell Dysfunction
Authors: Wong Derek P. , Fritz Claire E. , Feinberg Daniel , Huang Alex Y. , Parameswaran Reshmi
Published: April 2023

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity. Understanding the factors regulating cytotoxicity is crucial for improving NK-cell adoptive therapies. Here, we studied a previously unknown role of p35 (CDK5R1), a coactivator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in NK-cell function. p35 expression was thought to be neuronal-specific and the majority of studies are still focused on neuronal cells. Here, we show that CDK5 and p35 are expressed in NK cells and are kinase-active. NK cells from p35 knockout mice were analyzed and showed significantly increased cytotoxicity against murine cancer cells, while they did not show any differences in cell numbers or maturation stages. We confirmed this using human NK cells transduced with p35 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), showing similar increase in cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Overexpression of p35 in NK cells resulted in moderate decrease in cytotoxicity, while expressing a kinase-dead mutant of CDK5 displayed increased cytotoxicity. Together, these data suggest that p35 negatively regulates NK-cell cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, we found that TGFβ, a known negative regulator of NK-cell cytotoxicity, induces p35 expression in NK cells. NK cells cultured with TGFβ exhibit reduced cytotoxicity, while NK cells transduced with p35 shRNA or mutant CDK5 expression exhibited partial reversal of this inhibitory effect pointing to an interesting hypothesis that p35 plays an important role in TGFβ-mediated NK-cell exhaustion.

Significance:

This study reports a role for p35 in NK-cell cytotoxicity and this might help to improve NK-cell adoptive therapy.
Fortaleciendo la respiración: La rehabilitación como pilar en la recuperación del paciente post-COVID
Authors: Ceballos-Zúñiga Cecilio Omar
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este estudio era determinar la eficacia del ejercicio físico, el entrenamiento muscular respiratorio y del folleto de autocontrol de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sobre la recuperación de la forma física, la calidad de vida y el estado sintomático en personas con enfermedad post-COVID-19. Ochenta adultos no hospitalizados con síndrome post-COVID-19 fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de cuatro grupos de intervención paralelos de 8 semanas de duración: El 1° grupo realizó un programa de ejercicios multicomponente basado en el entrenamiento concurrente (concurrent training, CT) ; para el 2° grupo, se realizó entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (respiratory muscle training, RM); el 3° grupo recibió una combinación de las dos intervenciones anteriores (CTRM); el 4° grupo actuó como grupo de control (CON) según las directrices de la OMS para la rehabilitación post-COVID. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los 4 grupos al inicio del estudio. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las intervenciones en V̇o2max, se encontraron mejoras individuales significativas en los grupos CT y CTRM. La fuerza muscular de la parte inferior del cuerpo mejoró significativamente en los grupos CT y CTRM en comparación con RM y CON. Entre los participantes de los grupos CT y CTRM, la disnea y la fatiga mejoraron significativamente, al igual que el estado de salud. Además, se describieron diferencias significativas entre las intervenciones en las escalas de fatiga y depresión para los grupos CT y CTRM. El entrenamiento concurrente individualizado y supervisado, con o sin entrenamiento de los músculos respiratorios, fue seguro y más eficaz que las recomendaciones de autocuidado y el entrenamiento de los músculos respiratorios por sí solos para restablecer el estado cardiovascular y muscular, mejorar la gravedad de los síntomas y el estado de salud en pacientes ambulatorios post-COVID.
Evolución de la resistencia adquirida en CPNM ROS1+ KRAS G12C+ a través de la vía MAPK
Authors: Priest Katherine , Le Anh , Gebregzabheir Amanuail , Nijmeh Hala , Reis Gregory B. , Mandell Melanie , Davies Kurtis D. , Lawrence Carolyn , O’Donnell Emily , Doebele Robert C. , Bao Liming , Aisner Dara L. , Schenk Erin L.
Published: April 2023

Los pacientes con CPNM metastásico portadores de una fusión del gen ROS1 suelen experimentar un control prolongado de la enfermedad con inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa (TKI) dirigidos a ROS1, aunque hay una heterogeneidad clínica significativa, debida en parte a la presencia de alteraciones genómicas concurrentes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con CPNM metastásico, con fusión de ROS1 acompañada de una mutación en KRAS p.G12C detectada durante el diagnóstico, quien mantuvo la enfermedad bajo control durante un breve periodo con entrectinib, un TKI de ROS1. Cuando se observó progresión, el paciente continuó con entrectinib y comenzó a recibir sotorasib, un inhibidor de KRAS p.G12C de bajo peso molecular. Una línea celular derivada del paciente generada durante la progresión mientras recibía entrectinib demostró una mejor capacidad de respuesta a los TKI cuando se trató con entrectinib y sotorasib. La dependencia del crecimiento de la línea celular tanto con respecto a ROS1 como a KRAS p.G12C se reflejó además en las distintas vías de señalización corriente abajo activadas por cada impulsor. No se observó beneficio clínico con la terapia combinada de entrectinib y sotorasib, posiblemente debido a una amplificación evolutiva de KRAS p.G12C identificada en pruebas moleculares repetidas. Este caso respalda la necesidad de establecer perfiles moleculares amplios en pacientes con CPNM metastásico para disponer de información con posible valor terapéutico y pronóstico.
The Role of Brain Integrity in the Association between Occupational Complexity and Cognitive Performance in Subjects with Increased Risk of Dementia
Authors: Rydström Anders , Stephen Ruth , Kåreholt Ingemar , Darin Mattsson Alexander , Ngandu Tiia , Lehtisalo Jenni , Bäckman Lars , Kemppainen Nina , Rinne Juha , Sindi Shireen , Soininen Hilkka , Vanninen Ritva , Solomon Alina , Mangialasche Francesca
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Mechanisms underlying the positive association between occupational mental demands and late-life cognition are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between occupational complexity and cognition is related to and moderated by brain integrity in individuals at risk for dementia. Brain integrity was appraised throughout structural measures (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and amyloid accumulation (Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography, PiB-PET). Methods: Participants from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) neuroimaging sample – MRI (N = 126), PiB-PET (N = 41) – were included in a post hoc cross-sectional analysis. Neuroimaging parameters comprised the Alzheimer’s disease signature (ADS) cortical thickness (FreeSurfer 5.3), medial temporal atrophy (MTA), and amyloid accumulation (PiB-PET). Cognition was assessed using the neuropsychological test battery. Occupational complexity with data, people, and substantive complexity were classified through the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Linear regression models included cognition as dependent variable, and occupational complexity, measures of brain integrity, and their interaction terms as predictors. Results: Occupational complexity with data and substantive complexity were associated with better cognition (overall cognition, executive function) when adjusting for ADS and MTA (independent association). Significant interaction effects between occupational complexity and brain integrity were also found, indicating that, for some indicators of brain integrity and cognition (e.g., overall cognition, processing speed), the positive association between occupational complexity and cognition occurred only among persons with higher brain integrity (moderated association). Conclusions: Among individuals at risk for dementia, occupational complexity does not seem to contribute toward resilience against neuropathology. These exploratory findings require validation in larger populations.
Overcoming online learning challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic by user-friendly platform
Authors: Makruf Imam , Tejaningsih Endah
Published: April 2023

The shift of learning activities from face-to-face classroom interaction to online learning beyond the classroom due to the global pandemic has caused technological anxiety in teaching and learning. This study analyzed strategies to overcome learning challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic with user-friendly platforms. This study was in the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Surakarta, Indonesia, involving 469 lecturers who taught 983 classes as the respondents. The required data were collected using a web-based questionnaire using Google Forms. The data were analyzed descriptively in percentages and elaborated using focus group discussion. The data analysis showed that most teachers used WhatsApp group to overcome learning obstacles during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the considerations are the lack of information technology infrastructure, the lack of e-learning platforms, the lack of time to adapt, and the difficulty of internet access in some regions. This study contributes to the strategy performed by the lecturers to deal with these challenges is selecting a user-friendly and affordable platform for learning.
Student’s commitments and preferences in online learning
Authors: Muhfahroyin Muhfahroyin , Sujarwanta Agus
Published: April 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the learning was conducted by online system. The objective of the research was to understand the commitments and preferences of students in online learning. A total of 516 students participated in filling out an online questionnaire. The data were analysed descriptively referring to the critical success factors (CSFs). Based on the research result, there were three most dominant obstacles, they were: i) Internet interference (42.71%); ii) Limited quota (24.49%); and iii) Other activities (22.92%). There were students who did not attend full-time (22.45%). The weak commitment was boredom (2.04%) and feeling that they understood the module (5.10%). There were students who do not study full-time, only filling out the attendance list (53.1%). A small number of students (2.04%) fill out the attendance list and upload assignments as a top priority. According to this research, 46.7% of students liked online learning and 39.7% did not like it. In addition, 42.83% of students were bored. It means that about 60% of saturation comes from like-dislike preferences. The remaining 40% are influenced by other factors. The students’ commitments and preferences are influenced by many factors. Those who force themselves to learn ineffectively will be at risk of learning loss.
Using online flipped classroom in problem-based learning medical curriculum: A mixed method study
Authors: Nugroho Dian , Hermasari Bulan Kakanita
Published: April 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the education system, including problem-based learning (PBL), which is the main curriculum model in medical education. Social interaction and acquisition of knowledge and skills are one of the challenges in online learning during a pandemic. This study evaluated the use of the flipped classroom in the PBL curriculum of medical education. This study used mixed-methods design with a concurrent approach. The data collection technique was secondary data collection in the form of data from the block learning evaluation form. The evaluation form contains statements regarding the quality of the learning process, in the form of Likert scales. At the end of the form, there was a fill-in/essay question for more in-depth exploration. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive univariate analysis, meanwhile, the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques. Unbalanced learning load on the block, block learning management, and knowledge retention in block learning were considered lacking in flipped classroom block implementation. The management of time delays, a stage for students to be ready, a step to lessen psychological stress, and the use of media to generate different learning experiences are particular areas that need improvement.
The use of technology in hybrid learning for student with special needs
Authors: Sarwendah Ade Putri , Azizah Nur , Mumpuniarti Mumpuniarti
Published: April 2023

This study aims to describe the use of technology in learning for students with special needs during the transition period after the COVID-19 pandemic to the new normal. This study is descriptive research with a survey method. The survey was conducted with 41 special education teachers with variety of special needs students. Data is collected using Google Form questionnaires. Data analysis is carried out by calculating the frequency and is presented as percentages. Participants in this study were chosen randomly for data variation. The presentation of data is carried out qualitatively based on the respondents’ answers to the questions asked. The study participants argued that hybrid learning was feasible, even though it was recognized as encountering obstacles. Based on the results of a survey conducted by special education teachers at special education school (SLB), for hybrid learning, digital platforms are used to support online learning. The platforms used are WhatsApp and video conferencing, such as Google Meet. Integrating technology is considered important for teachers to support the learning process. Conscious and planned efforts and teacher motivation are critical to increasing their experience and skills in utilizing technology in learning.
Ceticismo moral e paradoxo: Guy de Brués contra os “Novos Acadêmicos”
Authors: Eva Luiz A. A.
Published: April 2023

O propósito deste artigo é o de examinar o ceticismo sobre a moral e as leis tal como abordado e respondido por Guy de Brués nos seus Diálogos contra os Novos Acadêmicos (1557). Proponho que, para uma apreciação adequada desse tema, é preciso distinguir dois níveis em que essa filosofia se apresenta na obra: aquele em que ela é exposta na fala dos personagens incumbidos de defendê-la (sustentando diferentes versões da tese de que “tudo é opinião”) e aquele que é discernível através de alguns pontos de acordo ao longo das discussões, no qual revela-se antes uma afinidade entre os interlocutores com a Nova Academia. Esta situação aparentemente paradoxal pode ser melhor compreendida se cotejamos os Diálogos com a declamatio paradoxal ou o diálogo filosófico de matriz ciceroniana. De modo mais geral, sugerimos que o papel da filosofia da Nova Academia, especialmente em sua dimensão moral e política, é maior do que usualmenre reconhecido na redescoberta do ceticismo na França do século XVI.
Amputation After Endovascular Therapy With and Without Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance: A Nationwide Propensity Score–Matched Study
Authors: Setogawa Nao , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: April 2023

Background:

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides precise intravascular information during endovascular therapy (EVT). However, the clinical efficacy of IVUS in patients who undergo EVT remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether the use of IVUS-guided EVT is associated with better clinical outcomes in a real-world setting.

Methods:

Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination administrative inpatient database from April 2014 to March 2019, we identified patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis of arteries of extremities and underwent EVT (percutaneous endovascular transluminal angioplasty and thrombectomy for extremities or percutaneous endovascular removal). Propensity score matching analysis was performed to compare outcomes between the patients who underwent IVUS on the same day as the first EVT intervention (IVUS group) and the others (non-IVUS group). The primary outcome was major and minor amputation for extremities within 12 months of the first EVT procedure. Secondary outcomes were bypass surgery, stent grafting, reintervention, all-cause death, readmission, and total hospitalization costs within 12 months of the first EVT procedure.

Results:

Among 85 649 eligible patients, 50 925 (59.5%) were IVUS group. After propensity score matching, the IVUS group had significantly lower incidence of 12-month amputation compared with the non-IVUS group (6.9% in the IVUS group versus 9.3% in the non-IVUS group; hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.72–0.89]). Compared with the non-IVUS group, the IVUS group showed a lower risk of bypass surgery and stent grafting and decreased total hospitalization costs, while a higher risk of reintervention and readmission. No significant differences in all-cause death were found between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

In this retrospective study, IVUS-guided EVT was associated with a lower amputation risk than non-IVUS–guided EVT. Our findings should be interpreted carefully because of the limitations of an observational study using administrative data. Further studies are warranted to confirm whether IVUS-guided EVT leads to decreased amputations.
Susceptibility of seven strawberry cultivars to Belonolaimus longicaudatus and interaction with Phytophthora cactorum
Authors: Oliveira Clemen J. , van Santen Edzard , Marin Marcus , Schumacher Lesley A. , Peres Natalia A. , Desaeger Johan
Published: April 2023

Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Phytophthora cactorum are pathogens threatening Florida strawberry production. The interaction among these and cultivar susceptibility were assessed in this study. Cultivars ‘Sensation® Florida127’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Winterstar™ FL 05-107’, ‘Florida Elyana’, ‘Strawberry Festival’ and ‘Florida Beauty’ were used to conduct one trial using plug transplants and a second trial using bare-root transplants, which was repeated twice. A factorial combination of P. cactorum (+/−) and B. longicaudatus (+/−) inoculation was applied to evaluate strawberry cultivar resistance to P. cactorum and B. longicaudatus as well as their interaction. The effect of P. cactorum on the canopy, root length, and root and shoot weight was dependent on cultivars. For the plug transplant trial, the overall average of plant mortality among all tested strawberry cultivars was 0.1%, suggesting higher tolerance against P. cactorum when vigorous transplants were used. Conversely, the repeated bare-root transplant trial demonstrated different levels of susceptibility in strawberry cultivars when transplants were inoculated with P. cactorum. ‘Sweet Sensation’ ‘Florida127’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Winterstar FL 05-107’ were highly susceptible, whereas ‘Florida Elyana’ and ‘Strawberry Festival’ were resistant. Moreover, ‘Florida Beauty’ was moderately resistant to P. cactorum. Our findings demonstrated the importance of using vigorous transplants to reduce P. cactorum damage. Sting nematode reproduction was suppressed when strawberry transplants were inoculated with P. cactorum, suggesting an antagonistic interaction between the pathogens. None of the cultivars was tolerant to B. longicaudatus as this nematode reproduced from 13.4- to 23.8-fold and caused root damage under glasshouse conditions.
Orbis non sufficit — Co-operation and Discord in Global Space and Disarmament Governance
Authors: Chiu Nikita
Published: April 2023

This article seeks to contribute to the burgeoning debate on space diplomacy by examining the historic interplay between diplomatic discussions on outer space and nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. It studies three significant cases since the Cold War, when space technologies constituted a significant topic in diplomatic exchanges and in advancing foreign policy objectives related to global arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. The cases trace early negotiations between Washington and Moscow on using satellites to detect nuclear detonations, to multilateral attempts at establishing an International Satellite Monitoring Agency, and conclude with a study on the use of satellite imagery in inspections under the auspices of the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq.
Mathematics as Calculus and as Grammar
Authors: Mühlhölzer Felix
Published: April 2023

Severin Schroeder’s book Wittgenstein on Mathematics is reviewed and at the same time critically discussed by concentrating on its main aim: to show the coherence of Wittgenstein’s mature philosophy of mathematics. Although Schroeder is dealing with Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics in its entirety, he is mainly interested in the mature philosophy which he sees as dominated by two central ideas: that mathematics is essentially algorithmic, called the calculus view, and that the results of mathematical proofs are grammatical propositions, called the grammar view. According to Schroeder there is an initial tension between these two ideas which he then resolves in two steps: he first clarifies the specific sense of »grammatical« with respect to mathematical propositions and, secondly, he emphasizes the application of mathematical propositions. The reviewer’s criticism of Schroeder’s approach is mainly concerned with this second point. Discussing several specific cases, the reviewer shows that Wittgenstein is much less oriented towards applicability than is assumed by Schroeder.
How Reasons Guide Us (in Reasoning and Rationalisation)
Authors: Poprawe Franziska
Published: April 2023

The common-sense view that reasons guide us in thought and action and that humans are essentially reason-responsive animals is increasingly under attack by defenders of what one can call the Rationalisation View, which emphasises that we typically rationalise actions and judgements that are based on intuition rather than reasoning. This article defends the former view of human Reason, partly by replying to prominent advocates of the latter, partly by proposing accounts of reflective reasoning and rationalisation that bring to light a common, underappreciated feature: they both involve the capacity to see considerations as reasons. This capacity, the author conjectures, should be the starting point for investigating the faculty we call ‘Reason’, its evolutionary origin, and the (ir)rationality of different kinds of thought associated with it.
Neuropragmatic Tools for Neurotechnological Culture: Toward a Creatively Democratic Cybernetics of Care
Authors: Solymosi Tibor
Published: April 2023

I address the problem of caring for our body-mind through neuropragmatism, cybernetics, and Larry Hickman’s work on John Dewey and the philosophy of technology. The problems of body-mind health are related to Emma Dowling’s The Care Crisis. I address this crisis by drawing on Jay Schulkin’s conception of viability as the creative tension between stability and precarity. From this, I extend body-mind health to questions of democracy, leading to the proposal of body-mind-world as an elaboration of neuropragmatism’s evolutionary and ecological conception of experience as Œ and Hickman’s distinction between the merely valued nature-as-nature and the valuable nature-as-culture. I conclude with a reimagination of creative democracy as a moral ideal for dealing with the care crisis.
Good and Bad Reputations
Authors: Frijhoff Willem
Published: April 2023

Few leaders of Dutch colonial ventures in the Atlantic World have a reputation worse than that of Willem Kieft, Director of New Netherland from 1638 to his departure from the colony in 1647. Reassessing Kieft’s reputation requires placing him firmly in his Dutch and Amsterdam background. Tracing his family networks, two of Kieft’s Dutch colonial role models (one from the Dutch East Indies, the other from Dutch Brazil) emerge: Laurens Reael and Johannes van Walbeeck. Interpreting his conduct in New Netherland in the light of these role models and of prevalent notions of social hierarchy and precepts of leadership in the Dutch Republic leads to a revised and more nuanced view of Kieft’s conduct as Director of New Netherland.
The Transcendental Critique of Philosophical Thought and the Foundations of the Philosophical Community of Thought in the West
Authors: Dooyeweerd Herman
Published: April 2023

Translation of “De transcendentale critiek van het wijsgeerig denken en de grondslagen van de wijsgeerige denkgemeenschap van het avondland” by Herman Dooyeweerd (1941), Philosophia Reformata 6 (1), pp. 1–20.
Ascopolyporus tibetensis (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales): a new species from Tibet, China
Authors: YU FENG-MING , WEI DE-PING , ZHAO QI , TANG SONG-MING , LUANGHARN THATSANEE
Published: April 2023

The genus Ascopolyporus belongs Cordycipitaceae. Its members infect scale insects as necrotrophs, and produce stromata on the living stems of plants as biotrophs. In this study, we introduce a new taxon of Ascopolyporus that was collected from Tibet, China. Fresh stromata of the new taxon were located on the living stems of bamboo. The new taxon is described based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, and tef1 sequence data, and compared with closely related taxa. The new species Ascopolyporus tibetensis formed a distinct, well-supported lineage (100% MLBS, 1.00 BIPP) separated from A. galloide in the clade comprising A. griseoperitheciatus. Ascopolyporus tibetensis is diagnosed by the widest asci, globose to sub-globose stromata, yellow upper part and dark green lower part.
Systematic, synonymic and biogeographical list of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) in the world (1799–2022)
Authors: NIEDBAŁA WOJCIECH , LIU DONG
Published: April 2023

The primitive ptyctimous mites are one of the most important groups of oribatid mites (Acari), with almost cosmopolitan distribution, except for the Arctic and the Antarctic regions. These mites occur especially in places where there is decaying organic matter. In this study, a detailed catalogue of all known ptyctimous mite species in the world is presented. The catalogue provides information about the zoogeographical distribution of each species, discusses important nomenclatural issues and addresses some remarks. Besides this, it also contains useful data on known juvenile instars of 47 species. The catalogue also presents a classification of the higher taxa of eight families, four subfamilies, 42 genera, 15 subgenera, the taxonomic characteristics and the information about the zoogeographical distribution of 1458 valid known species from all over the world. Among them, 231 species and one genus are enumerated as synonyms, nine homonyms, one rejected name, one genus inquirenda, 41 species inquirendae, four subspecies inquirendae, one genus incertae sedis, 39 species incertae sedis, 12 species nomina nuda, two species mistakenly identified, one species without the author’s name, and one non-ptyctimous mite species are included in the catalogue. Furthermore, the DNA sequence data of 53 ptyctimous species (belonging to eight families, 15 genera) can be found in the GenBank. Finally, the attached appendix contains important corrections referring to the published monographs published by the first author, and a list of new species described after the publication of these monographs. SEM photos of some typical ptyctimous mites showing their diversity are attached.
Touching Parchment: How Medieval Users Rubbed, Handled, and Kissed Their Manuscripts
Authors: Rudy Kathryn M.
Published: April 2023

The Medieval book, both religious and secular, was regarded as a most precious item. The traces of its use through touching and handling during different rituals such as oath-taking, is the subject of Kathryn Rudy’s research in Touching Parchment.

Rudy presents numerous and fascinating case studies that relate to the evidence of use and damage through touching and or kissing. She also puts each study within a category of different ways of handling books, mainly liturgical, legal or choral practice, and in turn connects each practice to the horizontal or vertical behavioural patterns of users within a public or private environment.

With her keen eye for observation in being able to identify various characteristics of inadvertent and targeted wear, the author adds a new dimension to the Medieval book. She gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the social, anthropological and historical value of the use of the book by sharpening our senses to the way users handled books in different situations. Rudy has amassed an incredible amount of material for this research and the way in which she presents each manuscript conveys an approach that scholars on Medieval history and book materiality should keep in mind when carrying out their own research. What perhaps is most striking in her articulate text, is how she expresses that the touching of books was not without emotion, and the accumulated effects of these emotions are worthy of preservation, study and further reflection.

This volume is part of a four-volume set, with two additional titles forthcoming.
Evaluation of the Near-Surface Variables in the HRRR Weather Model Using Observations from the ARM SGP Site
Authors: He Siwei , Turner David D. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Olson Joseph B. , Smirnova Tatiana G. , Meyers Tilden
Published: April 2023

The performance of version 4 of the NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) numerical weather prediction model for near-surface variables, including wind, humidity, temperature, surface latent and sensible fluxes, and longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes, is examined over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) region. The study evaluated the model’s bias and bias-corrected mean absolute error relative to the observations on different time scales. Forecasts of near-surface geophysical variables at five SGP sites (HRRR at 3-km scale) were found to agree well with observations, but some consistent observation–forecast differences also occurred. Sensible and latent heat fluxes are the most challenging variables to be reproduced. The diurnal cycle is the main temporal scale affecting observation–forecast differences of the near-surface variables, and almost all of the variables showed different biases throughout the diurnal cycle. Results show that the overestimation of downward shortwave and the underestimation of downward longwave radiative flux are the two major biases found in this study. The timing and magnitude of downward longwave flux, wind speed, and sensible and latent heat fluxes are also different with contributions from model representations, data assimilation limitations, and differences in scales between HRRR and SGP sites. The positive bias in downward shortwave and negative bias in longwave radiation suggests that the model is underestimating cloud fraction in the study domain. The study concludes by showing a brief comparison with version 3 of the HRRR and shows that version 4 has better performance in almost all near-surface variables.

Significance Statement

A correct representation of the near-surface variables is important for numerical weather prediction models. This study investigates the capability of the latest NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRRv4) model in simulating the near-surface variables by comparing against the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) in situ observations. Among others, we find that the surface heat fluxes, such as sensible and latent heat fluxes, are the most difficult variables to be reproduced. This study also shows that the diurnal cycle has the dominant impact on the model’s performance, which means the majority of the outputted near-surface variables have the strong diurnal cycle in their bias errors.
Comparative Analysis of Soft Power Between South Korea and the United States: A Theoretical Mechanism Approach
Authors: Hahm Sung Deuk , Heo Uk , Song Sooho
Published: April 2023

Since Nye’s introduction of the soft power concept, there have been scholarly debates on whether it is real and how it works. Despite the vast volume of studies, there is a void in the literature on theoretically explaining and empirically testing if soft power can be generated without the support of hard power. To fill this gap in the literature, we developed two theoretical mechanisms that describe the mechanism of US soft power (great power) and Korean soft power (small country). We applied these theories to the US and Korean cases to demonstrate that (1) soft power across countries is not generated in the same way because countries do not have the same level of hard power; and (2) soft power can be generated without the support of hard power.
Experimental investigation of electrolytically treated and silane grafted carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites
Authors: Syed Nabeel Ahmed , Tariq Muhammad , Utkarsh Utkarsh , Behravesh Amir H , Guo Q , Pop-Iliev Remon , Rizvi Ghaus
Published: April 2023

In this study, the continuous fiber rowing of 12K carbon was electrolytically oxidized by incorporating three different types of electrolytes: Ammonium bicarbonate, Sulfuric acid, and Sodium hydroxide at various concentrations. Upon chemical treatment, the fibers were grafted with 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS), a silane coupling agent, to achieve better interlocking and compatibility with the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. Mechanical properties were analyzed by tensile tests, morphological analysis was carried out through Scanning Electron Microscopy, and spectral analysis was studied through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations. The results show that 10% sulfuric acid treatment plus APTS grafted carbon fiber/TPU composites showed an average tensile load capacity of 2528 N, about 39% higher than raw carbon/TPU. The morphological analysis provided compelling evidence for the increase in mechanical properties of modified fiber composites as the interfacial bonding between the electrolytically modified and silane coated fiber/TPU composites was much better than the raw fiber/TPU composites. Further, XPS results confirm that the atomic percentages of Carbon have been reduced, whereas the percentage of oxygen and nitrogen have increased. These compositional changes indicate that the overall interaction between the fiber and the matrix has been enhanced, accounting for improved compatibility between the two interacting phases.
A Meta-Analysis of Studies Examining the Effect of Music on Beliefs
Authors: Carbone Luca , Vandenbosch Laura
Published: April 2023

Much research documented the influence of music on various behaviors, including substance use and delinquency. Yet, less is known about its influences on dimensions that are crucial for behavioral outcomes, namely beliefs and attitudes. In this study, we reviewed and meta-analyzed the literature about music effects on beliefs ( n = 82, published 1972–2021) by mapping the theoretical and methodological features of this literature, focusing on the effect size of various characteristics (e.g., age, design) and on open scientific practices. Results indicate a relationship between exposure to music and music-consistent beliefs, with heterogeneity related to the type of beliefs, modality of exposure, designs, and sample characteristics. We conclude by evaluating this literature and reflecting upon future opportunities in this area of research.
The Reactivation and Reimagination of Military Conscription in Sweden
Authors: Strand Sanna
Published: April 2023

The post-Cold War tendency of abandoning conscripted for volunteer forces appears to be reversing, and many countries have recently expanded or reintroduced mandatory military service. This article offers insights into the contemporary “return” of draft models by exploring how the reactivation of (this time gender-neutral) military conscription was justified and made possible in Sweden. The study, based on a discourse analysis of political and policy documents and interviews with defense officials, shows how Sweden’s new conscription was envisioned as “modernized” in its reimplementation phase; a system distinguished from the familiar republican citizen-soldier model. Instead, the article shows how conscription was reimagined when linked to characteristics of (neo)liberal government and citizenship: voluntarism, individualism, and gender equality. The study’s unique contribution to knowledge is thus an improved understanding of how conscription is ascribed meaning, legitimacy, and appeal and consequently how its return and retainment is enabled, across national contexts.
Including the Most Excluded? A Qualitative Study on the Address Registration for People Experiencing Homelessness in Belgium
Authors: Robben Laure-lise , Roets Griet , Wagener Martin , Van Lancker Wim , Hermans Koen
Published: April 2023

In many European countries, one needs a permanent address to be entitled to social rights. To address this minimum prerequisite, mechanisms for administrative inclusion are in place for persons experiencing homelessness, such as the reference address in Belgium. This paper disentangles the non-take-up mechanisms behind this reference address by drawing on interviews with professionals. Our evidence suggests this is a minimum minimorum of social protection, albeit it can reflect and reinforce exclusion of the beneficiaries. This article contributes to the debate on the entitlement and non-take-up of rights, and the possibility of an administrative address that includes the most excluded.
Does National Culture Influence Global Policy Diffusion: Evidence From Gender Mainstreaming Policy Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)
Authors: He Jing
Published: April 2023

This study aims to pinpoint the combinations of national cultural traits that influence the global diffusion of gender mainstreaming. First, it updates national culture indices using factor analysis. Then, the study employs fuzzy-set QCA to identify potential configurations in line with theories of cultural contingency. A sample of 41 countries is examined. I find that current diffusion requires a non-Islamic environment, while a high level of autonomy, weak uncertainty avoidance, and gender quotas are sufficient for gender mainstreaming. This study serves as the starting point for further research on the relationship between national culture and the diffusion of gender mainstreaming policy.
Why Do the Public Participate in Community Regeneration Co-production? The Case of He Ping, Tianjin
Authors: Xu’e Zhang , Fenghua Wen , Zhengxia Tang
Published: April 2023

The public’s co-production behaviors are influenced by individual and organizational factors. This article analyzes these factors using 2110 questionnaire data from He Ping, Tianjin. Results show that self-efficacy, solidarity incentives, spiritual incentives and inclusive administrative culture have a statistically significant positive correlation with public coproduction behaviors, while the impact of material incentives is limited. In addition to the nonlinear effect of age, middle-aged women, homeowners, middle-income people, and the public with bachelor’s degree are more likely to participate in community regeneration coproduction. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for the existing co-production theory and public administration practitioners.
Adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode tracking control of quadrotor systems with mass uncertainties and input delay
Authors: Liang Chen , Yang Kaijun
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on tracking control of quadrotor systems in the presence of mass uncertainty and input delay, which arises from complex operational environment of the quadrotor systems. Input delay and the model uncertainty caused by mass change could affect the quadrotor’s stability and mitigate the tracking accuracy of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight control. To remove the detriment of input delay and eliminate the negative effect of uncertain mass, an adaptive sliding mode controller based on state prediction is proposed in this paper. Lyapunov stability theory is utilized to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the tracking error. Finally, simulation results are provided to manifest the validity and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.
Immediate and sustained effect of a service-learning course grounded in public problem analysis
Authors: Huang Wan-Ling
Published: April 2023

This study aims to propound an instructional design for a service-learning course grounded in public problem analysis and verify its immediate and sustained outcomes through the actual instructional process. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted wherein students who were enrolling in a service-learning course were considered as a treatment group, while those not enrolling in the course were categorized into a comparison group. Three-wave surveys were distributed at the beginning, end, and 6 months after the end of the course. Our difference-in-differences (DID) analysis showed that the project-based service-learning experience seems to be negatively related to perceived problem-solving ability but positively associated with students’ public service motivation (PSM) in the short term. However, the above influence did not sustain as time progressed. This study helps to clarify the relation between service-learning courses and students’ problem-solving ability as well as PSM in the field of public affairs education. It can also serve as a foundation for efforts to improve subsequent instructional plans of service-learning courses.
Environmental Degradation and Collective Action in Ingeniero White, Argentina
Authors: Viego Valentina
Published: April 2023

This article focuses on the ways in which environmental degradation occurs, is publicized and “managed” in urban areas. It examines the perspectives and the actions undertaken by the various social actors in these conditions. This analysis is based on a case study of the port town of Ingeniero White in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ingeniero White has a deep-water port, several large grain terminals, and a large petrochemical complex. The analysis reveals the forms of popular organization, which have opposed the environmental degradation in this urban setting. This case study is based on past research, official reports, press articles, and in-depth interviews with local actors.
Post-punk, Industrial Culture Zines, and the Information Dark Age
Authors: Haworth Christopher
Published: April 2023

Several scholars have noted parallels between the online communicative tactics of the American alt-right and those of industrial musicians in the 1970s and 1980s. This article explores these connections further by analysing the informational media that industrial musicians developed. Between the mid-1980s and 1990s, these zines, handbooks, and websites made a strenuous break with the values of democracy, egalitarianism, and grassroots authenticity that were the default ideological ‘mode’ of DIY. Where the Californian ideology would centre the summer of love and the politics of the New Left, the zines ambiguously celebrated the nihilistic, authoritarian, and occult vectors of psychedelia – tendencies that have been associated with the late 1960s fate of the counterculture rather than its earlier heyday. The article tracks these themes from Vague magazine and Rapid Eye, to the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit in the 1990s, to neoreaction and the Dark Enlightenment, asking whether communicational utopianism should be considered a blip rather than the internet’s default state.
Early goal-directed mobilization in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Yanjuan , Liang Ting , Zhang Xu , Peng Yanchun , Li Sailan , Huang Xizhen , Chen Liangwan
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the safety and efficacy of early postoperative mobilization in patients who have undergone surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Heart Medical Center.

Subjects

Seventy-seven patients with acute type A aortic dissection were assessed.

Intervention

Patients were randomly allocated into: (1) the control group (usual care) ( n  =  38) and (2) the intervention group (early goal-directed mobilization) ( n  =  39).

Main Measures

The primary outcome was the patient's functional status. The secondary outcomes included vital signs, serious adverse events, muscle strength, intensive care unit-acquired weakness, grip strength, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, readmission rate, and health-related quality of life after 3 months.

Results

The vital signs of the patients were within the tolerable ranges during the entire intervention. No serious exercise-related adverse events were observed in the intervention group. The Barthel Index score ( P  =  0.013), Medical Research Council score ( P  =  0.001), grip strength ( P  =  0.001), and health-related quality of life ( P  =  0.001) were higher in the intervention group. Intensive care unit acquired weakness ( P  =  0.019), duration of mechanical ventilation ( P  =  0.002), intensive care unit stay ( P  =  0.002), and total length of stay ( P  =  0.010) were lower in the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group had a higher physical health-related quality of life ( P  =  0.015) at 3 months post-surgery. There was no difference in readmission rates.

Conclusions

Delivery of early goal-directed mobilization in acute type A aortic dissection was safe and facilitated the recovery of daily living ability, shorter hospital stay, and improved quality of life after discharge.
Clinical feasibility of MRI-based synthetic CT imaging in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation: a comparative study
Authors: Cao Gan , Li Yafen , Wu Shibin , Li Wen , Long Jia , Xie Yaoqin , Xia Jun
Published: April 2023

Background

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are indicated for use in preoperative planning and may complicate diagnosis and place a burden on patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic potential of MRI-based synthetic CT with conventional CT in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.

Material and Methods

After obtaining prior institutional review board approval, 19 patients who underwent conventional and synthetic CT imaging were enrolled in this prospective study. Synthetic CT images were generated from the MRI data using U-net. The two sets of images were compared and analyzed qualitatively by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The images were rated on a 4-point scale to determine their subjective quality. The agreement between the conventional and synthetic images for a diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation was determined independently using the kappa statistic. The diagnostic performances of conventional and synthetic CT images were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, and the consensual results based on T2-weighted imaging were employed as the reference standard.

Results

The inter-reader and intra-reader agreement were almost moderate for all evaluated modalities (κ = 0.57−0.79 and 0.47−0.75, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting lumbar disc herniation were similar for synthetic and conventional CT images (synthetic vs. conventional, reader 1: sensitivity = 91% vs. 81%, specificity = 83% vs. 100%, accuracy = 87% vs. 91%; P <  0.001; reader 2: sensitivity = 84% vs. 81%, specificity = 85% vs. 98%, accuracy = 84% vs. 90%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Synthetic CT images can be used in the diagnostics of lumbar disc herniation.