bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic, Clinical, and Investigational Characteristics of COVID-19-
related Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Differences from Typical and
Another Virus-related Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Kumar Nilesh , Dinkar Anju
Published: April 2022

Backgrounds:

SARS-CoV-2 infection typically presents with fever and respiratory symptoms.
Besides this, COVID-19-related central and peripheral nervous system manifestations are emerging.

Objectives:

This study summarises the demographics, clinical profiles, laboratory findings, management
strategies, and outcomes in a large number of patients with COVID-19-related GBS and its variants.
We also compared its clinical profile with Zika and dengue virus-related GBS.

Methods:

The authors carried out a literature search up to Dec 31, 2020, in MEDLINE, PubMed,
SCOPUS, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar for all published articles.

Results:

The study identified 54 different types of articles consisting of 70 cases from 17 countries
worldwide. A maximum of 15 cases (21.4 %) were identified from Italy, followed by the USA (12;
17.1 %), Spain (11; 15.7 %), and Iran (10; 14.3 %). The age group that was more than 60 years had the
most cases, i.e., 32 (45.7 %), followed by the age group 40-60 with 25 cases (35.7 %) with a male to
female ratio of 2. Maximum cases were treated with IVIG infusion 58 (82.9 %), followed by Plasma
exchange 13 (18.6 %) cases. Out of 70 cases, 7 (10 %) cases were manifested as Miller-Fisher syndrome.
The most predominant electrodiagnostic variant was demyelinating neuropathy in 41 (73.21 %)
cases. The outcome reported in 67 cases was survival in 63 (90 %) cases and death in 4 (5.7 %) cases.

Conclusion:

Covid-19-related GBS were reported worldwide with a better outcome. Both postinfectious
and parainfectious patterns were reported. Early recognition with prompt management of GBS
can prevent further severe morbidity and mortality.
PİYANO EĞİTİMİNDE KALİTELİ SES ÜRETİMİNİN ÖNEMİ
Authors: Sezen Hatice
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, piyano eğitiminde kaliteli ses üretimine ilişkin temel öğeleri mercek altına alarak, bunların önemi üzerinde ayrıntılı durmaktır. Çalışma genel tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Veri toplamak için kaynak tarama tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada kaliteli ses üretimini etkileyen teknik, müzikal, psikolojik ve pedagojik faktörler üzerinde ayrıntılı olarak durulmuş, tüm bu öğelerin işlevi tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre piyano eğitiminde kaliteli ses üretiminin elde edilmesi piyanistin işitsel yeteneğine ve işitsel dikkatin sürdürülebilirliğine, mesleki tecrübesine, psikolojik etmenlere ve piyano eğitimcisinin pedagojik yaklaşımına bağlı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, piyano eğitiminde kaliteli ses üretimine ilişkin temel öğeleri inceleyen çok az sayıda kaynağın bulunması göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, yapılan çalışmanın piyano eğitimi veren pedagoglara ve piyano öğrencilerine, mesleki piyano eğitimine katkı sağlayacağı ve başka araştırmalara ışık tutabileceği bakımından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Effectiveness of instructional digital platforms in the light of employing simulation models to develop learners' cognitive achievement
Authors:   Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Almotairi Khaled H.
Published: April 2022

The instructional digital platforms are one of the most successful ways used in introducing the instructional content at many universities around the world at the recent time. Some specialists began to think about the possibility of improving the quality of the instructional content and the interaction capabilities in these digital environments. Attention is drawn to the importance of integrating simulation models in these environments, as they are not designed for this purpose. The possibility of creating simulation models leads to effective learning and training in a safe environment. The purpose of this research is to define the effectiveness of instructional digital platforms in the light of employing simulation models to develop learners' cognitive achievement at Umm Al-Qura University. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design "one group pretest posttest." The participants of the study consisted of (25) students from common first-year students at Umm Al-Qura University in the academic year 2021/2022. The results of the statistical analysis of the data from the pre and post-application of the research tool (achievement test) revealed that there is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.01) between the mean scores of the students in the two applications in favor of the post-application, and the value of h2 is 0.83. This means a high effect size of the independent variable (i.e., instructional digital platforms in the light of employing simulation models) on the dependent variable (i.e., cognitive achievement). The study findings contribute to enhancing the instructional digital platforms design. It is considered an initial step for more scientific research in this field, which could contribute to developing students’ satisfaction with eLearning Systems. Moreover, the study helps decision-makers and stakeholders at higher education institutions to plan and reinforce students' achievements in e-learning environments effectively.
Размерное моделирование синтеза и проводимости коллоидных квантовых точек
Authors: Жуков Н.Д. , Гавриков М.В. , Штыков С.Н.
Published: April 2022

On the example of previously synthesized colloidal
quantum dots (QD) of some semiconductors (CdSe, PbS, HgSe,
InSb), the limiting sizes of nanocrystals with perfect structure
during their synthesis were determined depending on the ratio
of their volume and surface energies, which can vary from 6 nm
for QD-InSb to 17 nm for QD-CdSe. The conductivity of
single quantum dots in the interelectrode nanogap is one-electron,
and their current-voltage characteristic has regions of electron
tunneling through potential barriers, Coulomb current limitation,
and resonant peaks of quantum conductivity. Dimensional relations
are determined and nomograms of the relationship of dimensional
parameters are constructed to ensure the conditions for quantum
conductivity. The assumption about terahertz current oscillations
is substantiated.
Фотолюминесценция сульфида цинка, легированного ионами Mn-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- и Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в среде додекана
Authors: Затонская Л.В. , Смагин В.П. , Харнутова Е.П. , Игнатов Е.В.
Published: April 2022

Photoluminescence (PL) of zinc sulfide powder synthesized and doped with Mn2+ and Eu3+ ions by the method of emerging reagents in a dodecane medium was investigated. In the absorption and excitation spectra of the PL samples ZnS and ZnS:Mn2+(Eu3+), bands corresponding to the transitions of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band and to the levels of structural defects of ZnS, as well as bands of transition of 4f – electrons of Eu3+ ions from the ground 7F0 to excited electronic states were recorded. A wide band associated with recombination processes at the energy levels of defects on the surface of ZnS particles is observed in the PL spectra. Narrow bands of PL are attributed to 5D0→7Fj and 4T1→6A1 electronic transitions in Eu3+ and Mn2+ ions. They are associated with the intra-zone glow centers formed by these ions in the ZnS structure. Energy transfer from ZnS defect levels to excited energy levels of Eu3+ ions was registered. Assumptions are made about the mutual influence of ZnS and alloying ions, as well as about the influence of synthesis conditions on the spectral properties of substances.
Изучение свойств ГЦК-Au в широком диапазоне температур и давлений
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: April 2022

The properties of the FCC of the gold crystal were calculated using an analytical method (without computer modeling) in the temperature range: T = 10 – 1337 K and pressures: P = 0 – 110 GPa. The following properties were calculated: state equation, Debye temperature, first and second Gruneisen parameters, elastic modulus (BT), thermal expansion coefficient (p), isochoric (Cv) and isobaric (Cp) heat capacity, specific surface energy. Derivatives of these properties also have been calculated both by temperature along three isobars and by pressure along three isotherms. The obtained results showed good agreement with the other authors results. It was shown that there is a certain temperature TB in which the product pBT does not change during the crystal compression. At T > TB, the pBT function increases, and at T < TB, it decreases with an increase in pressure. For FCC-Au has been received TB =132 K. Показано, что изотермы производной модуля упругости по давлению B(P) пересекаются в точке: P = 21.58 GPa, B(P) = 7.43. It was shown that the isotherms of the baric derivative of elastic modulus B(P) intersect at the point: P = 21.58 GPa, and B(P) = 7.43. At P < 21.58 GPa, the B(P) function increases, and at P > 21.58 GPa, it decreases with increasing temperature. It was shown that the isotherm of the baric derivative of the isochoric heat capacity Cv(P) has a minimum, and the isotherm of the baric derivative of the isobaric heat capacity Cp(P) has both a minimum and a maximum. Based on the obtained dependencies, some approximations, which are used to calculate the properties of the crystal under high P-T conditions, have been analyzed.
Линейный коэффициент теплового расширения и температура Дебая PbTe при высоких температурах
Authors: Шаров М.К.
Published: April 2022

The linear coefficient of thermal expansion and the Debye temperature of PbTe in the high-temperature range have been investigated using X-ray diffractometry. The studies were carried out on samples of two types: single crystal and PbTe powder, synthesized separately. Both types of samples showed fairly similar results in all measurements.
It has been established that in the temperature range 293-773 K the linear thermal expansion coefficient is constant and for powder: 20.1*10-6 +/- 0.9* 10-6 K-1 and for single crystal: 19.7*10-6 +/- 0.8*10-6 K-1.
The Debye temperature measured in the temperature range 293-573 K equal to 105 +/- 3 K.
Social Networking Service, Patient-Generated Health Data, and Population Health Informatics: National Cross-sectional Study of Patterns and Implications of Leveraging Digital Technologies to Support Mental Health and Well-being
Authors: Ye Jiancheng , Wang Zidan , Hai Jiarui
Published: April 2022

Background

The emerging health technologies and digital services provide effective ways of collecting health information and gathering patient-generated health data (PGHD), which provide a more holistic view of a patient’s health and quality of life over time, increase visibility into a patient’s adherence to a treatment plan or study protocol, and enable timely intervention before a costly care episode.

Objective

Through a national cross-sectional survey in the United States, we aimed to describe and compare the characteristics of populations with and without mental health issues (depression or anxiety disorders), including physical health, sleep, and alcohol use. We also examined the patterns of social networking service use, PGHD, and attitudes toward health information sharing and activities among the participants, which provided nationally representative estimates.

Methods

We drew data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey of the National Cancer Institute. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to mental health status. Then, we described and compared the characteristics of the social determinants of health, health status, sleeping and drinking behaviors, and patterns of social networking service use and health information data sharing between the 2 groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the predictors of mental health. All the analyses were weighted to provide nationally representative estimates.

Results

Participants with mental health issues were significantly more likely to be younger, White, female, and lower-income; have a history of chronic diseases; and be less capable of taking care of their own health. Regarding behavioral health, they slept <6 hours on average, had worse sleep quality, and consumed more alcohol. In addition, they were more likely to visit and share health information on social networking sites, write online diary blogs, participate in online forums or support groups, and watch health-related videos.

Conclusions

This study illustrates that individuals with mental health issues have inequitable social determinants of health, poor physical health, and poor behavioral health. However, they are more likely to use social networking platforms and services, share their health information, and actively engage with PGHD. Leveraging these digital technologies and services could be beneficial for developing tailored and effective strategies for self-monitoring and self-management.
Mental Health Presentations Across Health Care Settings During the First 9 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in England: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Smith Gillian E , Harcourt Sally E , Hoang Uy , Lemanska Agnieszka , Elliot Alex J , Morbey Roger A , Hughes Helen E , Lake Iain , Edeghere Obaghe , Oliver Isabel , Sherlock Julian , Amlôt Richard , de Lusignan Simon
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented impact on the day-to-day lives of people, with several features potentially adversely affecting mental health. There is growing evidence of the size of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health, but much of this is from ongoing population surveys using validated mental health scores.

Objective

This study investigated the impact of the pandemic and control measures on mental health conditions presenting to a spectrum of national health care services monitored using real-time syndromic surveillance in England.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study of mental health presentations (those calling the national medical helpline, National Health Service [NHS] 111; consulting general practitioners [GPs] in and out-of-hours; calling ambulance services; and attending emergency departments) from January 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020. Estimates for the impact of lockdown measures were provided using an interrupted time series analysis.

Results

Mental health presentations showed a marked decrease during the early stages of the pandemic. Postlockdown, attendances for mental health conditions reached higher than prepandemic levels across most systems—a rise of 10% compared to that expected for NHS 111 and 21% for GP out-of-hours service—while the number of consultations to GP in-hours service was 13% lower compared to the same time previous year. Increases were observed in calls to NHS 111 for sleep problems.

Conclusions

These analyses showed marked changes in the health care attendances and prescribing for common mental health conditions across a spectrum of health care provision, with some of these changes persisting. The reasons for such changes are likely to be complex and multifactorial. The impact of the pandemic on mental health may not be fully understood for some time, and therefore, these syndromic indicators should continue to be monitored.
Reasons for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Chinese People Living With HIV/AIDS: Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Yao Yan , Chai Ruiyu , Yang Jianzhou , Zhang Xiangjun , Huang Xiaojie , Yu Maohe , Fu Geng-feng , Lan Guanghua , Qiao Ying , Zhou Qidi , Li Shuyue , Xu Junjie
Published: April 2022

Background

Many countries and organizations recommended people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receive the COVID-19 vaccine. However, vaccine hesitancy still exists and becomes a barrier for promoting COVID-19 vaccination among PLWHA.

Objective

This study aims to investigate factors that contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWHA.

Methods

The study used a multicenter cross-sectional design and an online survey mode. We recruited PLWHA aged 18-65 years from 5 metropolitan cities in China between January 2021 and February 2021. Participants completed an online survey through Golden Data, a widely used encrypted web-based survey platform. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the background characteristics in relation to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and structural equation modeling was performed to assess the relationships among perceived benefits, perceived risks, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Results

Among 1735 participants, 41.61% (722/1735) reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age, no other vaccinations in the past 3 years, and having chronic disease history were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Structural equation modeling revealed a direct relationship of perceived benefits, perceived risks, and subjective norms with self-efficacy and vaccine hesitancy and an indirect relationship of perceived benefits, perceived risks, and subjective norms with vaccine hesitancy. Moreover, self-efficacy toward COVID-19 vaccination was low. PLWHA had concerns of HIV disclosure during COVID-19 vaccination. Family member support could have an impact on COVID-19 vaccination decision-making.

Conclusions

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high among PLWHA in China. To reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, programs and strategies should be adopted to eliminate the concerns for COVID-19 vaccination, disseminate accurate information on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, encourage family member support for COVID-19 vaccination, and improve PLWHA’s trust of medical professionals.
Interactive Remote Patient Monitoring Devices for Managing Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leo Donato Giuseppe , Buckley Benjamin J R , Chowdhury Mahin , Harrison Stephanie L , Isanejad Masoud , Lip Gregory Y H , Wright David J , Lane Deirdre A ,   the TAILOR investigators
Published: April 2022

Background

Telemedicine is an expanding and feasible approach to improve medical care for patients with long-term conditions. However, there is a poor understanding of patients’ acceptability of this technology and their rate of uptake.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence on telemonitoring in the management of patients with long-term conditions and evaluate the patients’ uptake and acceptability of this technology.

Methods

MEDLINE, Scopus, and CENTRAL (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from the date of inception to February 5, 2021, with no language restrictions. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported any of the following outcomes: intervention uptake and adherence; study retention; patient acceptability, satisfaction, and experience using the intervention; changes in physiological values; all-cause and cardiovascular-related hospitalization; all-cause and disease-specific mortality; patient-reported outcome measures; and quality of life. In total, 2 reviewers independently assessed the articles for eligibility.

Results

A total of 96 studies were included, and 58 (60%) were pooled for the meta-analyses. Meta-analyses showed a reduction in mortality (risk ratio=0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.89; P=.003; I2=0%) and improvements in blood pressure (mean difference [MD]=−3.85 mm Hg, 95% CI −7.03 to −0.68; P=.02; I2=100%) and glycated hemoglobin (MD=−0.33, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.09; P=.008; I2=99%) but no significant improvements in quality of life (MD=1.45, 95% CI −0.10 to 3; P=.07; I2=80%) and an increased risk of hospitalization (risk ratio=1.02, 95% CI 0.85-1.23; P=.81; I2=79%) with telemonitoring compared with usual care. A total of 12% (12/96) of the studies reported adherence outcomes, and 9% (9/96) reported on satisfaction and acceptance outcomes; however, heterogeneity in the assessment methods meant that a meta-analysis could not be performed.

Conclusions

Telemonitoring is a valid alternative to usual care, reducing mortality and improving self-management of the disease, with patients reporting good satisfaction and adherence. Further studies are required to address some potential concerns regarding higher hospitalization rates and a lack of positive impact on patients’ quality of life.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021236291; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=236291
Overlapping Delta and Omicron Outbreaks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dynamic Panel Data Estimates
Authors: Lundberg Alexander L , Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon , Hultquist Judd F , Hawkins Claudia A , Ozer Egon A , Welch Sarah B , Prasad P V Vara , Achenbach Chad J , White Janine I , Oehmke James F , Murphy Robert L , Havey Robert J , Post Lori A
Published: April 2022

Background

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is more transmissible than prior variants of concern (VOCs). It has caused the largest outbreaks in the pandemic, with increases in mortality and hospitalizations. Early data on the spread of Omicron were captured in countries with relatively low case counts, so it was unclear how the arrival of Omicron would impact the trajectory of the pandemic in countries already experiencing high levels of community transmission of Delta.

Objective

The objective of this study is to quantify and explain the impact of Omicron on pandemic trajectories and how they differ between countries that were or were not in a Delta outbreak at the time Omicron occurred.

Methods

We used SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and genetic sequence data to classify countries into 2 groups: those that were in a Delta outbreak (defined by at least 10 novel daily transmissions per 100,000 population) when Omicron was first sequenced in the country and those that were not. We used trend analysis, survival curves, and dynamic panel regression models to compare outbreaks in the 2 groups over the period from November 1, 2021, to February 11, 2022. We summarized the outbreaks in terms of their peak rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the duration of time the outbreaks took to reach the peak rate.

Results

Countries that were already in an outbreak with predominantly Delta lineages when Omicron arrived took longer to reach their peak rate and saw greater than a twofold increase (2.04) in the average apex of the Omicron outbreak compared to countries that were not yet in an outbreak.

Conclusions

These results suggest that high community transmission of Delta at the time of the first detection of Omicron was not protective, but rather preluded larger outbreaks in those countries. Outbreak status may reflect a generally susceptible population, due to overlapping factors, including climate, policy, and individual behavior. In the absence of strong mitigation measures, arrival of a new, more transmissible variant in these countries is therefore more likely to lead to larger outbreaks. Alternately, countries with enhanced surveillance programs and incentives may be more likely to both exist in an outbreak status and detect more cases during an outbreak, resulting in a spurious relationship. Either way, these data argue against herd immunity mitigating future outbreaks with variants that have undergone significant antigenic shifts.
Synthetic Cannabinoids in Prisons: Content Analysis of TikToks
Authors: McMann Tiana J , Calac Alec , Nali Matthew , Cuomo Raphael , Maroulis James , Mackey Tim K
Published: April 2022

Background

Synthetic cannabinoids are a significant public health concern, especially among incarcerated populations due to increased reports of abuse. Recent news reports have highlighted the severe consequences of K2/Spice, a synthetic cannabinoid, among the prison population in the United States. Despite regulations against cell phone use, inmates use TikTok to post K2/Spice-related content.

Objective

This study aimed to examine TikTok posts for use and illicit distribution of psychoactive substances (eg, K2/Spice) among incarcerated populations.

Methods

The study collected TikTok videos associated with the #k2spice hashtag and used a data collection approach similar to snowball sampling. Inductive coding was used to conduct content analysis of video characteristics. Videos were manually annotated to generate binary classifications related to the use of K2/Spice as well as selling and buying activities associated with it. Statistical analysis was used to determine associations between a video’s user engagement and an intent to buy or sell K2/Spice.

Results

A total of 89 TikTok videos with the hashtag #k2spice were manually coded, with 40% (n=36) identified as displaying the use, solicitation, or adverse effects of K2/Spice among the prison population. Of them, 44.44% (n=16) were in a prison-based setting documenting adverse effects including possible overdose. Videos with higher user engagement were positively correlated with comments indicating an intent to buy or sell K2/Spice.

Conclusions

K2/Spice is a drug subject to abuse among prison inmates in the United States, including depictions of its harmful effects being recorded and shared on TikTok. Lack of policy enforcement on TikTok and the need for better access to treatment services within the prison system may be exacerbating substance use among this highly vulnerable population. Minimizing the potential individual harm of this content on the incarcerated population should be a priority for social media platforms and the criminal justice system alike.
Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Comorbid With Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Wiklund Tobias , Molander Peter , Lindner Philip , Andersson Gerhard , Gerdle Björn , Dragioti Elena
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Patients with chronic pain often experience insomnia symptoms. Pain initiates, maintains, and exacerbates insomnia symptoms, and vice versa, indicating a complex situation with an additional burden for these patients. Hence, the evaluation of insomnia-related interventions for patients with chronic pain is important.

OBJECTIVE

This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (ICBT-i) for reducing insomnia severity and other sleep- and pain-related parameters in patients with chronic pain. Participants were recruited from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation.

METHODS

We included 54 patients (mean age 49.3, SD 12.3 years) who were randomly assigned to the ICBT-i condition and 24 to an active control condition (applied relaxation). Both treatment conditions were delivered via the internet. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a sleep diary, and a battery of anxiety, depression, and pain-related parameter measurements were assessed at baseline, after treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up (only ISI, anxiety, depression, and pain-related parameters). For the ISI and sleep diary, we also recorded weekly measurements during the 5-week treatment. Negative effects were also monitored and reported.

RESULTS

Results showed a significant immediate interaction effect (time by treatment) on the ISI and other sleep parameters, namely, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, early morning awakenings, and wake time after sleep onset. Participants in the applied relaxation group reported no significant immediate improvements, but both groups exhibited a time effect for anxiety and depression at the 6-month follow-up. No significant improvements on pain-related parameters were found. At the 6-month follow-up, both the ICBT-i and applied relaxation groups had similar sleep parameters. For both treatment arms, increased stress was the most frequently reported negative effect.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with chronic pain, brief ICBT-i leads to a more rapid decline in insomnia symptoms than does applied relaxation. As these results are unique, further research is needed to investigate the effect of ICBT-i on a larger sample size of people with chronic pain. Using both treatments might lead to an even better outcome in patients with comorbid insomnia and chronic pain.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03425942; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03425942
Effects of Using a Text Message Intervention on Psychological Constructs and the Association Between Changes to Psychological Constructs and Medication Adherence in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bartlett Yvonne Kiera , Farmer Andrew , Newhouse Nikki , Miles Lisa , Kenning Cassandra , French David P
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Poor adherence to oral medications is common in people with type 2 diabetes and can lead to an increased chance of health complications. Text messages may provide an effective delivery method for an intervention; however, thus far, the majority of these interventions do not specify either a theoretical basis or propose specific mechanisms of action. This makes it hard to determine how and whether an intervention is having an effect. The text messages included in the current intervention have been developed to deliver specific behavior change techniques. These techniques are the “active ingredients” of the intervention and were selected to target psychological constructs identified as predictors of medication adherence.

OBJECTIVE

There are 2 aims of this study: (1) to assess whether a text message intervention with specified behavior change techniques can change the constructs that predict medication adherence behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes and (2) to assess whether changes to psychological constructs are associated with changes in self-reported medication adherence.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized controlled, 6-month feasibility trial. Adults prescribed oral medication for type 2 diabetes (N=209) were recruited from general practice and randomized to either receive a text message–based intervention or care as usual. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of covariance and Spearman rho correlation coefficients.

RESULTS

For 8 of the 14 constructs that were measured, a significant time-by-condition interaction was found: necessity beliefs, intention, maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, action control, prompts and cues, social support, and satisfaction with experienced consequences all increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Changes in action self-efficacy, intention, automaticity, maintenance self-efficacy, and satisfaction with experienced consequences were positively associated with changes in self-reported medication adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

A relatively low-cost, scalable, text message–only intervention targeting medication adherence using behavior change techniques can influence psychological constructs that predict adherence. Not only do these constructs predict self-reported medication adherence, but changes in these constructs are correlated with changes in self-reported medication adherence. These findings support the promise of text message–based interventions for medication adherence in this population and suggest likely mechanisms of action.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN13404264; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13404264
Patterns of Physical Activity Among University Students and Their Perceptions About the Curricular Content Concerned With Health: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Verma Arun Kumar , Singh Girish , Patwardhan Kishor
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

University students are at risk of losing their focus on maintaining healthy levels of physical activity because of their engagements with curricular and cocurricular activities. In India, the physical activity levels of the adult population have been reported to be declining in the recent years. However, studies focusing on university students pertaining to their physical activity are lacking in the Indian context. Moreover, a question that has not been properly addressed is the following: “do the curricula in higher education promote physical activity?”

OBJECTIVE

Our paper aims at describing the physical activity levels of the students in a large public-funded central university located in northern India. The study also aims at capturing the student perceptions about the emphasis they receive on leading a physically active lifestyle during their routine curricular activities.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study and uses International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form to record physical activity among 4586 students. Stratified sampling method was used to enroll the students from each stream (faculty). Out of 30,667 students, about 15% were included from each faculty. The study was conducted between 2016 and 2019. To capture the student perceptions, we used a newly developed 5-item scale.

RESULTS

From a total of 4586 participants in the study, 2828 (61.7%) were male and 1758 (38.3%) were female students. The mean age of our sample was 22.34 (SD 3.12) years. Our results indicate that about 14.5% (n=666) of all students in the study fall under the “Inactive” category. Furthermore, the perception about the curricular content pertaining to physical activity varied widely between the students of different streams.

CONCLUSIONS

Our sample reported a better physical activity pattern in comparison to the reported overall physical activity levels of the adult population of India. Our results also suggest that health-related topics are inadequately represented in many of the streams of higher education in the university.
The Acceptability of an Electronically Delivered Acceptance- and Mindfulness-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Survivors of Breast Cancer: One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design (Preprint)
Authors: Robertson Michael C , Cox-Martin Emily , Shegog Ross , Markham Christine M , Fujimoto Kayo , Durand Casey P , Brewster Abenaa , Lyons Elizabeth J , Liao Yue , Flores Sara A , Basen-Engquist Karen M
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Survivors of breast cancer can face internal barriers to physical activity, such as uncertainty and frustration stemming from physical limitations, decreased physical functioning, fatigue, and pain. Interventions that draw from the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may help survivors of breast cancer overcome some of the internal barriers associated with physical activity.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of an electronically delivered physical activity intervention for survivors of breast cancer, centered on ACT processes.

METHODS

This study used a 1-group pretest-posttest design. We recruited 80 insufficiently active female survivors of breast cancer using a web-based recruitment strategy. The 8-week intervention consisted of weekly modules that featured didactic lessons and experiential exercises targeting key ACT processes in the context of physical activity promotion (namely, values, committed action, acceptance, defusion, and contacting the present moment). We determined intervention acceptability according to study retention (≥70%), adherence rates (≥75% of the participants completing ≥50% of the modules), and posttest survey scores reflecting the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and interest and enjoyment of the intervention (≥5 on a 7-point Likert-type scale). We also evaluated changes in self-reported aerobic and muscle strengthening–physical activity, physical activity acceptance, physical activity regulation, and health-related outcomes.

RESULTS

The retention rate (61/80, 76%), adherence rate (60/80, 75%), average perceived ease of use (6.17, SD 1.17), perceived usefulness (5.59, SD 1.40), and interest and enjoyment scores (5.43, SD 1.40) met the acceptability criteria. Participants increased their self-reported aerobic physical activity (Cohen d=1.04), muscle strengthening–physical activity (Cohen d=1.02), physical activity acceptance (cognitive acceptance: Cohen d=0.35; behavioral commitment: Cohen d=0.51), physical activity regulation (identified regulation: Cohen d=0.37; integrated regulation: Cohen d=0.66), increased their ability to participate in social roles and activities (Cohen d=0.18), and reported less fatigue (Cohen d=0.33) and sleep disturbance (Cohen d=0.53).

CONCLUSIONS

Electronically delivered acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions may be useful for promoting physical activity in survivors of breast cancer. Further research is needed to refine these approaches and evaluate their effectiveness.
Peer Review of “Patterns of Physical Activity Among University Students and Their Perceptions About the Curricular Content Concerned With Health: Cross-sectional Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Nagy Viktoria
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS# 31521
Authors' Responses to Peer Reviews of “Patterns of Physical Activity Among University Students and Their Perceptions About the Curricular Content Concerned With Health: Cross-sectional Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Verma Arun Kumar , Singh Girish , Patwardhan Kishor
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is the authors responses to peer review reports related to MS# 31521
Effectiveness of Hydrotherapy on Neuropathic Pain and Pain Catastrophization in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Pilot Trial Study (Preprint)
Authors: Campo Andrés Reyes , Pacichana-Quinayáz Sara Gabriela , Bonilla-Escobar Francisco Javier , Leiva-Pemberthy Luz Miriam , Tovar-Sánchez Maria Ana , Hernández-Orobio Olga Marina , Arango-Hoyos Gloria-Patricia , Mujanovic Adnan
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the most frequent spinal cord injury (SCI) complications. Pain, quality of life, and functionality are associated and can lead to pain catastrophization. Pharmacological management of patients with NP secondary to SCI is widely known and there is increasing evidence in the area. Nevertheless, nonpharmacological management is not fully elucidated since its efficacy is inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesize that (1) hydrotherapy is effective in reducing NP secondary to SCI. Additionally, our secondary hypotheses are that (2) hydrotherapy decreases the catastrophization of NP, and that (3) hydrotherapy improves life quality and minimizes the degree of disability, when compared to physical therapy.

METHODS

A sample of approximately 20 participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention (hydrotherapy) or control group (standard physical therapy). Both interventions will be administered twice a week over a 9-week period (18 sessions in total). Primary outcomes are changes in neuropathic pain perception and pain catastrophization. Secondary outcomes are changes in disability and quality of life scores. They will be assessed at baseline and follow-up at 4 weeks after discharge. Validated Spanish language scales that will be used are the following: Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Pain Catastrophization, Health-related Quality of life, and the World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Generalized mixed linear models will be used for comparing baseline and postintervention means of each group and their differences, together with 95% CIs and P values. A P value of less than .05 will be considered significant.

RESULTS

Recruitment began in April 2019, and we recruited the last participants by December 2019, with 10 individuals assigned to hydrotherapy and 8 to physical therapy (control). Results from this study will be disseminated via scientific publication, in ClinicalTrials.gov, and in national and international conferences in the latter half of 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial will explore the effects of hydrotherapy on neuropathic pain, together with functionality and quality of life, in patients with SCI. Furthermore, this study aims to evaluate these therapeutic modalities, including perception variables, and mental processes, which may affect the clinical condition and rehabilitation outcomes in these patients. Hydrotherapy is likely to be a safe, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to the current standard of care for NP secondary to SCI, with comparable results between the two.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04164810; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04164810

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/37255
Peer Review of “Patterns of Physical Activity Among University Students and Their Perceptions About the Curricular Content Concerned With Health: Cross-sectional Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Salman David
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS# 31521
Detecting Low Back Physiotherapy Exercises and Postures: Classifying Inertial Sensor Data with Machine Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Alfakir Abdalrahman , Arrowsmith Colin , Burns David , Razmjou Helen , Hardisty Michael , Whyne Cari
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Physiotherapy is a critical element in successful conservative management of low back pain (LBP).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a system with wearable inertial sensors to objectively detect sitting postures and performance of unsupervised exercises for LBP containing movement in multiple planes.

METHODS

A set of 8 inertial sensors were placed on 19 healthy adult subjects. Data was acquired as they performed 7 McKenzie low-back exercises and 3 sitting posture positions. This data was used to train two models (Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB)) using engineered time series features. In addition, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained directly on the time series data. A feature importance analysis was performed to identify sensor locations and channels that contributed most to the models. Finally, a subset of sensor locations and channels was included in a hyperparameter grid search to identify the optimal sensor configuration and the best performing algorithm(s) for exercise classification. Models were evaluated using F1-score in a 10-fold cross validation approach.

RESULTS

The optimal hardware configuration was identified as a 3-sensor setup using lower back, left thigh, and right ankle sensors with acceleration, gyroscope, and magnetometer channels. The XGB model achieved the highest exercise (F1=0.94±0.03) and posture (F1=0.90±0.11) classification scores. The CNN achieved similar results with the same sensor locations, using only the accelerometer and gyroscope channels for exercise classification (F1=0.94±0.02) and the accelerometer channel alone for posture classification (F1=0.88±0.07).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the potential of a 3-sensor lower body wearable solution (e.g. smart pants) that can identify proper sitting postures and exercises in multiple planes, suitable for the treatment of LBP. This technology has the potential to improve the effectiveness of LBP rehabilitation by facilitating quantitative feedback, early problem diagnosis, and possible remote monitoring.
Experience of Health Professionals with Misinformation and Its Impact on Their Job Practice (Preprint)
Authors: Kbaier Dhouha , Ismail Nashwa , Farrell Tracie , Kane Annemarie
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The qualitative research presented in this paper investigates the outbreaks of diseases where a great amount of health-threatening misinformation is produced and released. Misinformation is often disseminated through social media, where information is spread rapidly and easily. As part of the pilot study, we examined the misinformation surrounding the Covid-19 outbreak to determine how it may have impacted practitioners' perceptions of misinformation, and how that may have influenced their practice. In particular, this study explored the answers to the following questions: How do health professionals respond when they discover a patient has been misinformed? What do they believe is the most impactful misinformation on healthcare practice? Are health professionals' practices changing as a result of misinformation? Are there any practices that were shaped by healthcare practitioners' perceptions of misinformation and its impact? Did they take any action or intervene in any way? What was the result of their action or intervention?
Research findings indicate that Health Practitioners (HPs) view misinformation in different ways according to the scenario in which it occurs; some HPs consider it to be an acute incident exacerbated by the pandemic, while others see it as an ongoing phenomenon (always present) and are addressing it as part of their daily work. Considering that misinformation is primarily a result of the availability and accessibility of information, HPs reported their experiences with the current reliable and valid information available. At this point, HPS presented a range of perspectives on the available and trusted information sources. For them, reliable information may be available but outdated, untrusted by patients. HPs are developing pathways for dealing with misinformation. Two main pathways have been identified according to the research findings; first, to educate the patient through coaching, advising, or patronising. The second step is to devote resources such as time and effort to facilitate two-way communication between the patient and the healthcare provider through listening and talking to them. When it comes to the practicality and feasibility of the above pathways, HPs explained that there are a number of factors that play an important role in the treatment of misinformation. Last but not least, HPs mentioned challenges associated with misinformation and treatment, such as limited time and increased workload. Additionally, social media serves as a powerful echo chamber and word-of-mouth distribution medium. A surprising number of HPs have linked poor patient-HP communication and the difficulty in reaching HPs with the increasing use of social media. As a final recommendation, some Health Professionals suggest including the patient's voice and listening to their interpretations and explanations of the misinformation they receive and how they deal with it.
Health Needs for Suicide Prevention and Acceptance of E-Mental Health Interventions in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Blattert Lisa , Armbruster Christoph , Bühler Eva , Heiberger Andrea , Augstein Patrick , Kaufmann Sarina , Reime Birgit ,   Rural Suicide Prevention Study Group
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Adolescence is a phase of higher vulnerability for suicidal behavior. In Germany, almost 500 adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 years commit suicide each year. Youth in rural areas are characterized by a higher likelihood of poorer mental health. In rural areas, appropriate support for adolescents in mental health crises is difficult to access. The general acceptability of digital communication in youth can make the provision of an E-Health tool a promising strategy.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the health needs regarding suicide prevention for adolescents and young adults in rural areas of Germany and Switzerland and to identify characteristics of suitable E-mental health interventions.

METHODS

This study reports on a qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) of archived data, which had been collected through formative participatory research. Using 32 semi-structured interviews (individually, groups of two) with n=13 adolescents and young adults (18-25 years of age) and with n=23 experts from relevant fields, we applied a deductive-inductive methodological approach and we used qualitative content analyses according to Kuckartz (2016).

RESULTS

Experts as well as adolescents have reported health needs in digital suicide prevention. Those health needs for rural adolescents in crises were characterized by several categories: First, the need for suicide prevention in general was highlighted. Additionally the need for a peer concept and need for online suicide prevention were stressed. The factors influencing the acceptability of a peer-driven, web-based support were related to a low-threshold access, a lifelike intervention, anonymity and trustworthiness.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest a need for suicide prevention services for adolescents in this rural setting. Peer-driven and web-based suicide prevention services for adolescents and young adults may add an important element of support during crises in this age group. These services should be developed with participation of the target group, taking anonymity, trustworthiness and low-threshold access into account.