bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with unilateral task-oriented training with and without an orthosis in subacute stroke: A pilot study
Authors: Li Chao Jin Zi , Wong Yih , Langhammer Birgitta , Huang Fu Biao , Du Xiao Xia , Wang Yun Lei , Zhang Hao Jie , Zhang Tong
Published: August 2021

Background

The recovery of upper extremity motor deficits represents a functional challenge for persons with stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of Unilateral task-oriented training combined with dynamic hand orthosis for the recovery in subacute stroke by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Methods

This was a pilot randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial. A total sample of 30 subacute persons with stroke were randomized into two groups: the orthosis group and the usual exercise group. All participants received four weeks (60 min/day, 5 days/week) of unilateral upper limb training. The orthosis group wore a dynamic hand orthosis during half the training (30 min/day). O2Hb concentrations and a laterality index for bilateral premotor cortex, sensorimotor cortex by fNIRS were calculated as outcome indicators that were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after the interventions. Clinical outcomes were collected for correlation analysis.
Results

No significant difference in O2Hb concentrations change between two groups. Cortical activation shifted from the ipsilateral to the contralateral premotor cortex and from the contralateral to the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in both groups. In the Orthosis group, the change of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of arm score was positively correlated to the shift to contralateral premotor cortex activation and the change of Action Research Arm Test score was positively correlated to the shift to ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex activation. In the UL group, a negative correlation was observed between the shift to ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex and changes of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of arm score.
Conclusion

This is the first fNIRS study to explore the mechanism of recovery in subacute stroke after utilizing unilateral task-oriented training and a dynamic orthosis. The current results suggest that fNIRS combined with clinical tests may be useful to evaluate the mechanism of stroke recovery after different rehabilitation interventions. Trial registration: Registered on January 11, 2018 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03396939). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home.
A meta-analysis of the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) on metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Sinha Binayak , Ghosal Sami
Published: August 2021

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among women of childbearing age and is associated with multiple morbidities. However, treatment for this condition is mainly applied for symptomatic relief and does not address the complex pathophysiology of this condition. This meta-analysis was conducted on the usage of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in PCOS because this group of drugs presents an attractive strategy to address the metabolic and hormonal defects by managing the pathophysiological defects observed in this syndrome.
Methods

We included prospective trials that enrolled patients with established PCOS and compared an SGLT-2i group versus a control group with at least 2 weeks of follow-up. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for effect size estimation from individual studies and was pooled using the fixed effect model.
Results

We included four trials with a pooled population of 158 patients with documented PCOS who received either an SGLT-2i or standard management. From a metabolic perspective, significant improvements were observed in the reduction in body weight (SMD: -0.68, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.19, < 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD: -0.59, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.19, P < 0.01), and insulin resistance as assessed with the HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.39, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.03, P = 0.03). In addition, a significant improvement was noted in dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels (SMD: -0.55, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.16, P < 0.01).
Conclusion

SGLT-2i use is associated with salutary outcomes of metabolic and anthropometric markers of PCOS and likely favourable hormonal effects.
The multivariate analysis of variance as a powerful approach for circular data
Authors: Landler Lukas , Ruxton Graeme D. , Malkemper E. Pascal
Published: August 2021

A broad range of scientific studies involve taking measurements on a circular rather than linear scale (often times or orientations). For linear measures there is a well-established statistical toolkit based on linear modelling to explore the associations between this focal variable and potentially several explanatory factors and covariates. However, most statistical testing of circular statistics is much simpler: often involving either testing whether variation in the focal measurements departs from circular uniformity, or whether a single explanatory factor with two levels is supported. Here we demonstrate that a MANOVA approach based on the sines and cosines of the circular data is as effective as the most-commonly used tests in these simple situations, while additionally it offers extension to multi-factorial modelling that these conventional tests do not. This, in combination with recent developments in Bayesian approaches, offers a substantial broadening of the scientific questions that can be addressed statistically with circular data.
Improvement in Seismic Performance of Building with BRBs
Authors: Pawar R.S. , Patil J.
Published: August 2021

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are a somewhat ongoing improvement in the field of seismic-safe steel structures. Their unmistakable component is the non-clasping conduct regularly accomplished by encasing a steel center in a substantially filled cylinder. However, choices have been proposed. Controlling the support from clasping improves malleability essentially and permits symmetric reaction under pressure or pressure powers. The plan of BRB outlines should consider various explicit issues that are not covered by Indian norms and guidelines. This specific task looks at utilizing BRB inside fortifying of built-up substantial casing developments to meet seismic details dependent on the Indian seismic plan and style code. Flexible reaction range examination just as nonlinear period verifiable past assessment is finished by taking a real designing model which experiences feeble first-floor inconsistency because of extra expansion and heaps of only one story. With all the way to deal with comparable solidness just as removal-based plan technique, clasping limited support factors are reasoned and accordingly are familiar with model BRB in ETABS using plastic wen form. 3 arrangements of clasping limited sections are breaking down alongside normal supports. The relationship in the middle of the fundamental cross piece of customary supports and BRB is concluded because of the definition of computing versatile bearing ability precisely where it’s shown that the spot of the run of the mill supports must be 1.25 events that of BRB for guaranteeing the very same by and large execution. The outcome uncovers that Inverted V support design shown much better usefulness over single support just as V support setups just as X support arrangement, however not exhorted by Indian code, is mimicked just as applied to this undertaking and contains exhibited preferred execution moreover some different arrangements. The extra exploration about the practical use of this support is generally suggested. Moreover, under the movement of significant seismic tremors, by nonlinear time chronicled past assessment, clasping controlled supports showed much better usefulness of reinforcing the construction just as success runs over the need for code. Under this specific condition, conventional supports misfortunes their bearing limit because of unnecessary buckling.
Prerequisites and Perceived Information System Qualities Model for Mobile Banking Adoption Among the Customers of Private Commercial Banks in Myanmar
Authors: Tun Phyo Min
Published: August 2021

The research attempts to conjecture the prerequisites of perceived qualities of information system (IS) such as mobile banking (MB). The quantitative research was conducted and a total of 577 MB users of private commercial banks in Myanmar participated in the research. The results of the hypotheses were formulated by using partly exploratory factor analysis (EFA), partly confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The findings expose that device quality is an independent factor, and an antecedent of user interface design quality and system quality. The research also discloses that user interface design quality is a prerequisite of system quality and information quality. In the research, system quality and information quality are key factors affecting customers’ intention to adopt MB. Further, the results confirm that system quality has a statistically significant effect on information quality. However, the effect of device quality on information quality is insignificant. It is expected that the research gives valuable insights for not only bank managers but also software engineers who are going to develop MB systems.
Colchicine for gout
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Chikina M. N. , Novikova A. M.
Published: August 2021

Colchicine is a drug that has been known for several millennia, since the days of Ancient Egypt, but has been successfully used to treat gout to this day. The action of colchicine is based on microtubule damage, mitosis suppression, as well as the ability to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasoma by monosodium urate crystals and block the release of interleu-kina (IL)-1p - key cytokine in the development of gout inflammation. However, the mechanism of action of colchicine is still not fully understood.

Colchicine should be considered as the optimal drug not only for relieving an acute attack of arthritis in gout, but also as the best method for preventing attacks of gouty arthritis when choosing urate-lowering therapy. Recent studies have confirmed the good efficacy and safety profile of the drug when used correctly in patients with gout. Currently, it is recommended to use low doses of the drug (1-1.5 mg per day to relieve an acute attack of arthritis and 0.5-1.0 mg to prevent attacks when initiating uratelowering therapy). At the same time, according to the results of recent studies on the effectiveness, low doses are not inferior to high doses, but when low doses are used, the frequency of undesirable effects is much less. Unlike non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, the drug does not have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system and can be used in patients with diabetes mellitus. This allows the drug to be used for a long time, which is especially important, since it is recommended to prevent arthritis attacks for at least 6 months from the start of taking urate-lowering drugs. This avoids the exacerbation of arthritis in most patients and significantly reduces their frequency. In addition, in the light of the accumulating data on the effect of the drug on the cardiovascular system of the drug, in conjunction with the high safety profile, other points of application should be considered where both anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties of colchicine can be used.
Practical guidelines for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain and comorbid chronic insomnia: clinical observation
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Golovacheva A. A. , Golubev V. L.
Published: August 2021

A clinical case of a patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain and comorbid chronic insomnia is described, and a modern approach to the management of this patient category is shown. So-called yellow flags - factors that contribute to the central sensitization of pain - lead to chronicity of LBP. In the presented clinical case we identified the most common "yellow flags”: insomnia, pain catastrophizing, restrictive ”pain” behavior, anxiety. In practice, they often ignore the aforementioned factors, determine only the presence of back pain and prescribe analgesic therapy, which does not allow for an effective result.

Insomnia is prevalent among patients with LBP, occurring in 47-64% of cases. With the COVID-19 pandemic among the population, the incidence of insomnia, anxiety and depression has increased. To date, the identification and treatment of these disorders is particularly relevant in the management of patients with chronic nonspecific LBP.

The patient was treated, which included non-drug and drug methods and complied with Russian and foreign clinical guidelines on the therapy of chronic nonspecific LBP and on the therapy of chronic insomnia. Non-drug treatment consisted of educational talks, recommendations on daily activity and sleep hygiene, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, relaxation, and therapeutic gymnastics. The listed methods were aimed at reducing pain catastrophizing, physical and social activation of the patient. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug dexketoprofen was used as pharmacotherapy according to a step-by-step regimen. After 5 days of therapy pain relief was observed, after 3 months of therapy back pain regressed, sleep normalized, mood improved. This therapeutic approach showed its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of chronic nonspecific LBP and comorbid chronic insomnia.
Immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with inflammatory joint diseases (preliminary data)
Authors: Baranova M. M. , Sergeeva M. S. , Muravyeva N. V. , Belov B. S.
Published: August 2021

Intoduction.Currently, for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), basic anti-inflammatory drugs and biological drugs are widely used to effectively control the activity of the disease. However, the use of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid infections, some of which can be prevented by vaccination. Objective. To evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and clinical efficacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) in patients with RA and SpA.

Materials and methods. The study included 122 patients: 79 - with RA, 43-with SpA. Most patients had a history of two or more cases of lower respiratory tract infections, 2 patients reported a monthly exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, one patient reported the development of otitis media every 2-3 months. At the time of inclusion in the study, most patients received immunosuppressive therapy. PPV-23 was administered in an amount of 1 dose (0.5 ml) subcutaneously against the background of anti-rheumatic therapy. The level of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was determined using the EIA PCP IgG kit (TestLine Clin-ical Diagnostics s.r.o., Czech Republic) before vaccination, 1, 3 and 12 months after vaccination. In addition, the tolerance of PPV-23, the frequency of pneumonia, and the effect on the activity of RA and SpA were evaluated (according to the dynamics of DAS28 and BASDAI).

Results.At 1, 3, and 12 months after vaccination, the concentration of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was significantly higher than the baseline values, which indicates sufficient immunogenicity of PPV-23. There was no negative effect of vaccination on the activity of the underlying disease and the occurrence of new autoimmune disorders. In the majority of patients (67% - RA, 81.4% - SpA), the tolerance of the vaccine was good. During the follow-up period, none of the patients developed pneumonia. Patients suffering from frequent sinusitis and otitis media reported the absence of these infections after vaccination.

Conclusion.Preliminary results of the study indicate sufficient immunogenicity, safety, and clinical efficacy of PPV-23 in patients with RA and SpA.
Diagnosis and treatment of acute lumbar pain
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Prokopovich V. S.
Published: August 2021

Lumbar pain (LP) is one of the most frequent causes of appeal to a doctor and temporary disability. LP is most often caused by the musculoskeletal (non-specific) pathologies, less often discogenic radiculopathy, lumbar stenosis or specific pathology. The diagnosis of acute (up to 4 weeks) of skeletal muscle pain and discogenic radiculopathy is based on clinical manifestations and the exclusion of specific pathology, and neuroimaging is not required if there are no symptoms of a dangerous disease. Conducting X-ray, computed tomography or magnetic resonanse tomography in patients with skeletal-muscular LP does not improve the prognosis of the disease, does not affect the development of complications and chronizing the process, and the cost of the examination, the patient’s concern and the frequency of surgical interventions are unreasonably increasing. A patient with acute nonspecific LP or discogenic radiculopathy should be informed about the benign nature of the disease, a favorable forecast, expediency to maintain physical and social activity, avoid bed regime. Therapeutic gymnastics is not recommended for acute LP, but it is joined by reducing pain, it is advisable to teach the patient to avoid excessive static and physical exertion for the prevention of relapses and chronic. To facilitate pain, unnecessary anti-inflammatory drugs can be used in minimally effective doses and a short course, muscle relaxants. The use of group vitamins in both additional analgesics during acute LP is discussed, the results of their own studies on the treatment of patients with acute pain in the back and discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy are analyzed. It is noted, that patients with acute LP are relatively rarely informed by doctors about its favorable forecast, the possibilities of the natural regression of the hernia of the disk and neurological symptoms at discogenic LP and radiculopathy.
Alcoholic polyneuropathy. Clinical forms and pathogenetically based approaches to therapy
Authors: Belskaya G. N. , Sakharova E. V.
Published: August 2021

The number of cases of alcoholism in Russia is gradually decreasing, but still significantly affects the overall health indicators of the population. One of its frequent complications is alcoholic polyneuropathy. The article deals with the pathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence and development of the disease, its forms, classification, and clinical picture. The damage to the nervous system in patients with alcoholism depends on the frequency of alcohol consumption, the dose, the type of drinks that were consumed, malnutrition, genetic predisposition and individual characteristics that determine the level of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. In the clinical picture, a toxic form of alcoholic polyneuropathy is currently distinguished, associated with the direct effect of toxic alcohol metabolites on somatic and autonomic nerve fibers, thiamine deficiency, resulting from a deficiency of B vitamins, and mixed forms. According to the rate of development of clinical manifestations, there are acute forms of alcoholic polyneuropathy (thiamine deficiency) and chronic forms (toxic). The article discusses the possibilities of diagnostics using modern instrumental and laboratory methods of research, primarily electroneuromyography. With the help of this method of investigation, in alcoholic polyneuropathy, signs of axonal damage are most often detected, and in the thiamine-deficient form, it is possible to determine signs of secondary demyelination. The authors emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis with other pathologies. The article highlights the current understanding of the main therapeutic strategies, treatment options for patients with alcoholic polyneuropathy. Therapy of patients suffering from alcoholic polyneuropathy includes refusal of alcohol abuse, normalization of nutrition, medication. For drug therapy, B vitamins and antioxidants are used. The drug with a recognized antioxidant effect is alpha-lipoic acid. A clinical case was analyzed on the basis of our own clinical observation of a mixed form of alcoholic polyneuropathy.
Modern immunopharmacological methods of discovering new properties of benzydamine by its influence on innate and adaptive immune cells
Authors: Kazimirskii A. N. , Salmasi J. M. , Poryadin G. V. , Kukes I. V.
Published: August 2021

Abstract Introduction.Considering the development of technologies and techniques, it is highly relevant today to continue studying the features of interaction of drugs developed and introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s and 1980s with the elements of the immune system located in the mucosa, since many of these drugs have local dosage forms. One such drug is benzidamine hydrochloride, registered as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with extended pharmacodynamic properties.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of benzidamine hydrochloride preparation on the cells of innate and acquired immunity located in the mucosa in an in vitro model.

Materials and Methods. Cell fractions of neutrophils isolated from patients with infectious inflammation were used in the study. Sterile isolated neutrophils from the venous blood of patients were transferred into RPMI-1640 medium, where the investigated pharmacological drug was added, and incubation with cells was performed. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect and count neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell fractions of lymphocytes isolated from patients with infectious inflammation were also used in the study. A commercial drug containing benzidamine hydrochloride, Tantum Verde (Angelini Pharma S.p.a., Italy), was used in the study.

Results and discussion. Benzidamine causes significant inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. This suggests that at the beginning of application the drug enhances the antimicrobial response of the body, and then as the concentration decreases it demonstrates classic anti-inflammatory properties. The drug also enhances the neutrophil extracellular trap structure. The total number of B-lymphocytes tends to normalize under the effect of benzidamine. These data allow us to conclude about the ability of the drug to attenuate the severity of the inflammatory process, apparently by inhibiting the action of inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusion.In the course of the in vitro study it was shown that benzidamine hydrochloride (Tantum Verde) has immunomodulatory properties against innate immunity cells – neutrophils, and its anti-inflammatory properties against adaptive immunity cells – lymphocytes – were confirmed.
Takayasu’s arteritis in a child with prolonged fever. Differential diagnosis. Clinical case analysis
Authors: Chegodaeva N. A. , Olkhova E. B. , Zaytseva O. V. , Savitskaya N. A. , Lokshina E. E. , Khmelkova I. I. , Shamratova N. R. , Belyaeva T. Yu.
Published: August 2021

Takayasu’s arteritis is a chronic granulomatous arteritis with predominant involvement of the aorta and its main branches. It occurs both in youth and childhood, manifests between the ages of 10 and 30 years, female patients predominate. This article presents a clinical case of Takayasu’s arteritis in a child with prolonged fever. Clinical case. A 10-year-old girl E. was hospitalized with complaints of febrile fever episodes during the last two months; weakness and back pain were also noted.  Observed by an endocrinologist since 2015 with a diagnosis of Stunted growth. Delayed physical development. Diffuse changes of the thyroid gland, euthyroidism. Since 2020 has been observed with the diagnosis Constitutional immaturity. A tendency toward constipation was noted. Observed by an allergist with atopic dermatitis, food and respiratory allergies were diagnosed. By the time of hospitalization, the girl had been ill for two months. During this period, four episodes of fever with scanty catarrhal manifestations were recorded. The diagnostic search went in different directions, infectious, systemic and oncological diseases were excluded. The echographic pattern was typical and highly specific for Takayasu’s arteritis. Additional examination also revealed changes in the celiac trunk in the form of narrowing of its lumen. Clinical diagnosis «Non-specific aortoarteritis, type III, acute phase, stenotic variant, grade 1–3 activity with lesions of the right and left common carotid arteries and the celiac trunk» was made as a result of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination. This clinical observation demonstrates the difficulty in making a diagnosis due to the variety of clinical forms and the absence of specific disease markers. It takes on average a year and a half from disease debut to clinical diagnosis of the patient. However, lack of therapy over a long period can be crucial for an adverse outcome of the disease.
Important aspects of the development of the children’s cardiological services of the Grodno region. Analysis of sixty years of activity
Authors: Tomchyk N. V. , Paramonova N. S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction.The relatively young science of pediatric cardiology has made enormous breakthroughs in recent years: the labor intensity and complexity of modern diagnostic techniques have increased, and interventional methods of treatment are widely used. Modern pediatric cardiology covers a wide range of diseases: from intrauterine pathology, such as congenital heart and vascular defects, fibroelastosis, various arrhythmias, to acquired diseases represented by arterial hyperand hypotension, systemic vasculitis, autonomic dysfunction, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose.To demonstrate the important stages of the development of the children’s cardiological service in Grodno region over a sixty-year period, assess its current state and analyze the dynamics of the incidence rate of children’s heart and vascular diseases during 2005–2019 in this region.

Material and methods. During the period of 1960–2019 a retrospective research was carried out using the statistics: report of the chief substitute pediatric cardiologist, report of medical treatment for children during 2005–2019, analytical and conjunctral reports, reviews and references of chief doctors and local pediatricians.

Results and discussion. The sixty-years of activity of the children’s cardiological service in Grodno region were analyzed. It was found that over the past 15 years there has been an annual increase in the overall incidence of diseases of the circulatory system (classes I00-I99 ICD 10), while the primary incidence decreased from 331.06 to 265.63 per 100,000 of the child population. The overall incidence of congenital heart defects over the past 15 years was characterized by a low decrease from 916.40 to 800.16 cases against the stabilization of the primary incidence rate.

Conclusion.The obtained results indicate the well-organized work of the diagnostic, hospital, dispensary and prophylactic stages of medical assistance to children with cardiovascular pathology.
Congenital hyperinsulinism in newborns and young children: the state of the problem and the results of surgical treatment
Authors: Sukhotskaya A. A. , Bairov V. G. , Nikitina I. L. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Perminova A. A. , Ryzhkova D. V.
Published: August 2021

Congenital hyperinsulinism causes irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex with subsequent disability in children. The article presents the features of etiopathogenesis, clinical picture of the disease. The histological variants of pancreatic lesions are analyzed in detail. The principles of correct diagnosis are formulated. A new in Russia method for the preoperative determination of the histological form of the disease, which is carried out at the y, Almazov National Medical Research Centre since 2017, – PET/ CT with 18F-DOPA, explained the biochemical basis of its clinical application and the examination technique. The principles of the selection of drug therapy with possible complications, the need for an adequate assessment of its effectiveness are described. If it is impossible to achieve a stable target euglycemia without the need for intravenous glucose infusion, surgical correction of the disease is indicated. In schematic drawings and intraoperative photographs, approaches to surgical treatment are described, the stages of operations and possible complications are clearly disassembled. The results of surgical interventions at the N.N. V.A. Almazov for 01.2017–02.2021, where 39 children with congenital hyperinsulinism were operated on. According to PET/CT with 18F-DOPA, 15 diffuse and 24 focal forms were diagnosed. After surgery, in 12 (31%) patients, a diffuse lesion of the gland was confirmed, in 23 (59%) – a focal nature of the lesion, in 4 (10%) – an atypical form was diagnosed intraoperatively. Of 39 children, 36 (92%) have complete relief of hyperinsulinism, a significant improvement in psychomotor development, of which 9 (23%) need insulin replacement therapy with minimal dosages, these are 8 children with a diffuse form of the disease and 1 child with an atypical one. Intraand postoperative complications were not observed. Thus, partial pancreatectomy for focal forms, subtotal for atypical and near total for diffuse forms, can cope with hypoglycemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism and prevent damage to the central nervous system of newborns and infants.
Polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene in kazakh with bronchial asthma
Authors: Dosimov Zh. B. , Dosimov A. J. , Gubai N. A. , Delyagin W. M. , Kim S. V. , Nurgalieva R. E. , Dolotova L. V. , Davidovich S. G. , Petrenec T. A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction.The polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is associated with bronchial asthma (BA). Based on this, studies on the prevalence of VDR polymorphism in representatives of different races and peoples with AD and in healthy people are timely.

Aims.To determine the TaqI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene (TT, TS and CC) in children and adolescents with a verified diagnosis of AD on the example of the Kazakh population of Western Kazakhstan.

Materials and methods. The study involved 54 Kazakh children with BA (Me age 12.8 years, fluctuations range 5–17 years). The control group consisted of residents of the same region without BA: Kazakhs – 66 children, Russians – 40 children. In each of these groups, children were born in the third generation of families without mixed marriages. The examination was performed by collecting venous blood with the informed consent of the legal representative of the child/adolescent. The samples were stored at a temperature of -80 ºC until the start of the analysis with further DNA sequencing and PCR at the INVITRO laboratory.

Results.In Kazakh children without BA TT alleles were recorded in 57.6%, TC – in 34.8%, CC – in 7.6%. In Russian children without BA, the TT allele was found in 35.0%, TC – 55.0%, CC – 10%. In children of Kazakhs with BA, the TT allele was in 74.0% of cases, TC in 26.0%, and CC was absent. The first stage of the study with a limited number of observations did not allow obtaining a statistically significant difference between the individual indicated groups. However, taking into account the probable protective effect of the CC allele, the differences in the frequency of the TT alleles and in total TC and CC and CC and in total TT and TC turned out to be significant: 0.000 and 0.030, respectively. When studying the distribution of alleles within the groups, it turned out that for Kazakhs in the control group and, especially, in AD, a decrease in the frequencies of TC alleles and, most clearly, CC alleles is typical.

Conclusion.The protective value of the CC allele cannot be ruled out. But it is not yet possible to formulate a final opinion on the functional significance of polymorphism. Further research will help to understand the relationship between the structural features of the VDR and BA.
Analysis of the content of I-FABP in urine and blood serum in children with gastrointestinal food allergy
Authors: Prikhodchenko N. G. , Shumatova T. A. , Nee A. , Zernova E. S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract Introduction. Protein-induced enteropathy is one of the common manifestations of gastrointestinal food allergy in young children. The search of non-invasive methods for intestine estimation is especially relevant for early diagnosis and timely prevention of exacerbation.

The aimof the study was to determine the serum and urinal levels of the intestinal fraction of the protein binding fatty acids in children with protein-induced enteropathy and to evaluate their clinical and diagnostic significance.

Materials and methods. It was examined 36 children with protein-induced enteropathy aged 1.5 months to 1 year and 20 healthy children (control group). All patients underwent esophagogastroenteroscopy with morphological examination of biopsy specimens for differential diagnosis with congenital gastrointestinal diseases. The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMMiS) was used to evaluate clinical symptoms. The intestinal fraction of a fatty acid binding protein was determined for all children in blood serum, urine by enzyme- linked immunosorbent analysis.

Results.It was found the increase its serum level (125.20 ± 23.79 pg / ml), and urinal level (0.164 ± 0.031 pkg / ml) compared with the control group (19.21 ± 4.94 pg / ml, 00.039 ± 4.62 pkg / ml, respectively, p < 0.05). There were found direct strong correlations between the severity of gastrointestinal manifestations and its serum and urine level (p < 0.05).

Discussion.Epithelial barrier damage provides an increased penetration of intact food allergens. It plays a key role in allergic sensitization, and it is the first pathogenetic link of allergic inflammation in most cases. A statistically significant I-FABP increased level in all studied biological fluids correlates with morphological changes in the children with protein-induced enteropathy, as well as with clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal tract lesions. That confirms its high informational value for an indirect assessment of the state of the intestinal barrier.

Conclusions.Thus, an increase in serum and urinal I-FABP levels in children with protein-induced enteropathy confirms the clinical and diagnostic significance of determining this biomarker in all biological fluids. Its high sensitivity and specificity of determination in urine are promising for use in pediatric practice.
Difficulties in breastfeeding: ways to solve the problem
Authors: Polyanina E. Z.
Published: August 2021

Introduction.Practical assistance of medical personnel to nursing women with difficulties in breastfeeding, joint search for solutions to the problem of hypogalactia contributes to the preservation of breastfeeding throughout the first year of a baby’s life.

Purpose of the study.The frequency and nature of lactation disorders in women in the first weeks and months of breastfeeding were studied.

Materials and methods. The attitude of women to various, including non-drug, methods of maintaining lactation was analyzed. The study was conducted following a survey of 58 women – patients of the perinatal center in the early postpartum period, 28 women whose children received breastfeeding/mixed feeding in the 1st year of life and 16 female employees of neonatological departments, whose children were also breastfed/mixed feeding in the 1st year of life. With women in groups 1 and 2 in the obstetric facility, there were talks about the benefits of breastfeeding and instructions on how to properly latch on the newborn to the breast. The respondents participated in the study only voluntarily.

Results and discussion. Revealed approximately the same nature of lactation disorders in all groups. The predominance of women with hypogalactia after preterm birth was noted; breastfeeding up to one and a half to two years was observed in 4% of young women without chronic somatic pathology after the first spontaneous birth. Respondents of groups 1 and 3 showed high awareness and greater adherence to non-drug correction of hypogalactia in the form of the use of herbal tea. At the same time, some of the respondents in group 2 showed low motivation to maintain breastfeeding and were skeptical about any way to maintain lactation. Among the surveyed respondents, 47% (48 women out of 102) used herbal tea for a long time (3–6 weeks or more). All of them characterized as an effective lactogonic agent, and also noted a calmer behavior of the child, a decrease in intestinal colic and an improvement in the quality of night sleep.

Conclusions.A data analysis of the survey of nursing mothers and women who had a breastfeeding experience showed that there is approximately the same pattern of lactation disorders regardless of the woman’s age, high or low awareness of breastfeeding issues.
Faces do Desenvolvimento Econômico em Pernambuco - Brasil
Authors: Sarabia Mônica Luize , De La Mora Luis
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho são trazidas à baila discussões acerca das ações e políticas tanto do Governo Federal como estadual que foram responsáveis pelo início de profundas transformações na economia do estado de Pernambuco. Se objetivou demonstrar que as decisões do Estado em promover a descentralização e crescimento econômico ocorreram por meio de investimento em infraestrutura econômico-produtiva, e pela oferta de políticas públicas efetivas de concessão de incentivos fiscais que têm em seus princípios descentralizar a produção industrial para as diversas regiões de seu território, por meio de alíquotas diferenciadas que aumentam os subsídios à medida que aumenta a distância da sua Região Metropolitana, a mais desenvolvida economicamente. O objeto de estudo escolhido foi a dinamização da economia do estado de Pernambuco, e todos os fenômenos que afloraram do momento de grande crescimento econômico por que passou após o ano de 2003. Considerou-se como recorte temporal os anos de 2007 a 2014 e foram consideradas as informações dos resultados dos investimentos dos Programas de Aceleração do Crescimento PAC 1 e 2 e os incentivos fiscais provenientes do Programa de Desenvolvimento de Pernambuco-PRODEPE no mesmo período. A pesquisa se desenvolve considerando que essas ocorrências criaram um ambiente propício para estimular a acumulação de capital industrial e eficientes na atração de investidores e de novas empresas, traz informações sobre os investimentos do PAC, bem como da eficiência do PRODEPE como potencial para implantação e atração de novas empresas.
Determinantes da Inadimplência do IPTU no Município de Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Gering Silvia Maria Parmeggiani , Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado , Vieira Kelmara Mendes
Published: August 2021

A demanda por serviços públicos municipais cresce, sendo imprescindível que as atividades de arrecadação e fiscalização sejam desenvolvidas de forma a combater a inadimplência, a sonegação fiscal e a ocorrência de processos em cobrança administrativa ou judicial. Esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar os determinantes da inadimplência do IPTU no município de Santa Maria (RS). Utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e técnicas estatísticas multivariadas. A regressão logística evidenciou que a inadimplência é influenciada pela alíquota, pela existência de área irregular, pelo aumento do valor tributável do imóvel, manifestando-se favoravelmente nas pessoas físicas, relacionando-se aos valores e localização dos imóveis, bem como as posturas dos contribuintes. Em uma perspectiva municipal, destaca-se que a identificação dos determinantes da inadimplência oportunizarão ao fisco o desenvolvimento de ferramentas objetivando a sua redução. Em relação a sociedade, o combate à inadimplência faz com que sejam reduzidas as obrigações tributárias para os contribuintes, impedindo o aumento dos impostos.
Fatores que Impactam no Insucesso de Micro e Pequenas Empresas Brasileiras do Setor Metalmecânico
Authors: Silva Graciela Bavaresco da , Toni Deonir De , Eckert Alex , Milan Gabriel Sperandio , Eberle Luciene
Published: August 2021

Empresas de micro e pequeno porte contribuem para o bem-estar do local onde estão inseridas, na medida em que geram empregos, introduzem inovações e estimulam o crescimento econômico. A função social e a importância econômica das empresas de micro e pequeno porte, bem como as vulnerabilidades que ocasionam seu insucesso, são colocadas em evidência neste estudo. Com base em pesquisas acerca dos fatores que contribuem para o insucesso de pequenos negócios no Brasil e no exterior, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar quais são os fatores ligados ao insucesso de empresas de micro e pequeno porte do setor metalmecânico localizadas na Serra Gaúcha, no sul do Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais em profundidade e aplicados roteiros básicos de questões a especialistas que possuem experiência relacionada aos aspectos financeiros, estratégicos, operacionais e mercadológicos de micro e pequenas empresas. Os resultados indicam que os fatores críticos para o insucesso de micro e pequenas empresas do setor metalmecânico da Serra Gaúcha estão concentrados em temas como a fraqueza na elaboração e na disseminação do seu planejamento, o desequilíbrio financeiro, as dificuldades com a precificação de produtos e com o controle de estoques, e a falta de investimento em estratégias de marketing e inovação. Este estudo pode contribuir para minimizar a carência de pesquisas relacionadas ao assunto, além de fornecer um aprofundamento sobre as melhores práticas na condução de micro e pequenas empresas, auxiliando a evitar o encerramento precoce de suas atividades.
Assédio Moral e Sexual no Trabalho: Análise e Concepção dos Acadêmicos sobre a Violência
Authors: Moura Fabiana Quadros de , Camfield Claudio Eduardo Ramos , Pizzol João Marques da Rosa Dal
Published: August 2021

No presente estudo analisou-se aspectos relacionados ao assédio moral e sexual em atividades no ambiente de trabalho o que possibilitou a identificação de possíveis casos. Os dados para a pesquisa foram coletados de acadêmicos do curso de administração noturno do Campus de uma Universidade Federal localizada no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, que exercem função remunerada. Com a análise dos dados identificou-se um bom conhecimento dos acadêmicos sobre o tema. O número de casos de assédio moral ocorrido foi significativo em comparação ao total da amostra, já o assédio sexual ocorre em menor proporção. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa é o descritivo, com finalidade de registrar e analisar dados, utilizando como fonte primária questionários e como fonte secundária estudos relacionados ao tema. Ao final do trabalho concluiu-se que o assédio ainda é um mal bastante presente no ambiente de trabalho e que a falta de denúncia por parte dos assediados continua sendo um fator que contribui para que o assédio continue acontecendo.
Construção e Validação da Escala de Comportamentos para a Sustentabilidade
Authors: Garlet Valéria , Beuron Thiago Antônio , Ávila Lucas Veiga , Balsan La´ércio André Gassen , Madruga Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama
Published: August 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo a construção e validação de uma Escala de Comportamentos para a Sustentabilidade (ECOS). A pesquisa, adotou as seguintes etapas: desenvolvimento, análise de conteúdo, análise da confiabilidade e validade da escala para identificar os fatores determinantes dos Comportamentos para a Sustentabilidade. O instrumento passou por procedimentos teóricos, experimentais e analíticos durante sua validação. Participaram da pesquisa 509 indivíduos. Os resultados sustentaram a existência de três fatores: consumo consciente, preocupação com o meio ambiente e desperdício. O questionário quantitativo mostrou bons índices e evidências de validade de conteúdo e de confiabilidade, sendo que sua utilização permitiu uma análise fidedigna dos comportamentos em prol da sustentabilidade. Tal fato, permitirá um melhor entendimento de como as características individuais podem impactar de forma benéfica ou ameaçadora as futuras gerações. Conhecer esses comportamentos é fundamental para a implementação de práticas educacionais, políticas públicas e gerenciais que visem a garantia do respeito aos recursos naturais e à vida no Planeta.
Normativa, regulación y vigilancia del proceder ético en la comunicación publicitaria en España
Authors: Martínez Pestaña María Jesús
Published: August 2021

Se valoran en este trabajo una serie de cuestiones relativas a la actividad publicitaria. En especial, aquellas relacionadas con la ética en la fotografía o imagen publicitaria. Para ello, se revisan, en primer lugar, la noción de ética en publicidad, en segundo lugar, nos ocuparemos de la Ley de Publicidad española y el sistema de autorregulación de la actividad publicitaria. Asimismo, es importante destacar el papel que juegan el Jurado de Publicidad de Autocontrol, así como, la labor del Observatorio de la Publicidad del Instituto de la Mujer. Finalmente, se presta atención a la figura del fotógrafo profesional publicitario.
Mirada consciente para una inteligencia fotográfica
Authors: Balbuena Mejía Yoatzin
Published: August 2021

Como docente, revisito lo ocurrido en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje no formal de un taller de fotografía expandida, que además fue parte de un programa piloto de reinserción social con población vulnerable proveniente de condición de calle, prostitución y reclusión. El propósito es reconocer cómo la construcción y -la conciencia de la mirada- son protagonistas de un tipo de inteligencia particular que hace de la fotografía una estrategia interesante de comunicación social. Este análisis se enmarca en las consideraciones pedagógicas que dieron forma al taller y cómo algunos ejercicios concretos detonaron el empoderamiento intelectual de los alumnos, donde desarrollaron una mirada consciente a partir de dos principios rectores: la imagen viva y orgánica y la imagen off-line. Este proceso fue también el ejercicio de una inteligencia fotográfica, la cual se consideró urgente para cohabitar en un mundo bombardeado permanentemente por fotografías que nos cohesionan o nos disgregan.
Aproximaciones teóricas:
Authors: López Gutiérrez María de Lourdes
Published: August 2021

En la actualidad, son pocas las personas que no están enganchadas con una serie de televisión; aun los cinéfilos más agudos o los entusiastas detractores de la televisión han caído en la tentación, y algunos en las redes, de Breaking Bad (AMC 2008), Game of Thrones (HBO 2008), House of Cards (Netflix 2013), The Sopranos (HBO 1999), Lost (ABC 2004) , Mad Men (AMC 2007), The Walking Dead (AMC, 2010), Stranger Things (Netflix, 2015), Black Mirror (House of tomorrow, 2016), o de otras series que podemos considerar “canónicas” en esta etapa de resurgimiento de la ficción televisiva como vía de entretenimiento. Las múltiples formas que permiten su visionado han abonado a su éxito y se han colado en los intersticios de las actividades cotidianas facilitando el acceso a sus contenidos sin muchas restricciones de espacio o de condiciones tecnológicas.
Tareq Oubrou's Concept of Islamic Identity in a Secular Society
Authors: Mikhaleva Albina
Published: August 2021

The migration and the problem of preserving national identity remain the central issues of the political agenda and public debate in many modern countries. The article discusses the views of the French imam Tareq Oubrou – the author of the concept of "sharia of the minority" – on the issues of Muslim identity, as well as the integration of migrants in France. T. Oubrou symbolizes a figure at the junction of two civilizations: a kind of theorist and mediator for the reorganization of Islam in France. The research was based on monographs, individual articles, and texts of speeches of the French imam over the past twenty years. The work involved the methods of cognitive and conceptual text analysis, which made it possible to reconstruct the structure of the political message and its individual components. The research results suggest that T. Oubrou refocuses Islamic identity to its inner dimension by revising its defining markers. Minimizing Islamic identity is designed to preserve and maintain the Muslim presence in the West. At the same time, he nationalizes Islamic identity, subordinating it to the civil and political norms of France. Despite the fact that the proposed identification model evokes ambiguous emotions in the Muslim environment and great doubts in the host society, some of its provisions are in demand at the state level.