bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De stressedes sprog: Nærsproglige analyser af det opsplittede selv og kontroltab
Authors: Abildgaard Louise Hallstrøm , Fogtmann Christina , Jensen Christian Gaden
Published: November 2018

Stress er et stigende samfundsproblem, og stressbegrebet er blevet mere og mere komplekst. Der findes ikke en entydig definition af stressens symptombillede, og mange symptombenævnelser indgår også diagnostisk indenfor flere fysiske og psykiske lidelser. Dette vanskeliggør systematisk vidensudvikling og har den konsekvens, at det i praksis varierer, hvorvidt en angiven stresstilstand karakteriseres som behandlingsberettigende eller ej. Det er højaktuelt i Danmark, hvor offentlige stressklinikker nu etableres og tilbyder stressvisitation og -behandling. Fænomenologiske studier har sat fokus på førstepersonsoplevelser af stress, og i denne artikel foreslår vi at supplere dette perspektiv med en systemisk-funktionel lingvistisk tilgang. Vi argumenterer for, at tilgangen kan bidrage med mere specificerede indsigter i stressoplevelser og dermed styrke stressforskningen og -behandlingen. Vi analyserer fire borgeres sprog i otte samtaler om stress hhv. før og efter det ni-ugers bio-psyko-sociale meditationsinkluderende stresskursus Åben og Rolig (ÅR) og illustrerer herved tilgangens muligheder. Resultaterne viser en udtrykt opsplitning af jeget fra kroppen samt et kontroltab. Efter kursusdeltagelsen var forbindelsen til kroppen forøget perceptuelt og kontrollen delvist genvundet. Vi diskuterer den praktiske anvendelighed af vores fund samt af grammatiske analyser i fremtidig forskning og praksis på stressområdet.
”Hvad må vi så gøre?”: Repetitive spørgsmål og adfærdsregulerende responser i interaktion med en person med demens
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth Muth , Rasmussen Gitte , Kristiansen Elisabeth Dalby
Published: November 2018

Denne artikel præsenterer et studie af en type af gentagende adfærd, nemlig forskellige varianter af spørgsmålet: ”Hvad må vi så gøre?”. Spørgsmålet stilles af den samme demente borger gentagne gange i løbet af en eftermiddag i fællesrummet på et plejehjem i samspil med plejepersonale og besøgende. Studiet baseres på data i form af feltnoter samt videooptagelser af interaktioner der foregår i et fællesrum på et demensafsnit på et dansk plejehjem over en periode på i alt 9 måneder. Vi bruger etnometodologisk konversationsanalyse (EMCA) til at undersøge hvordan borgeren selv forsøger at løse sproglige, kognitive og sociale udfordringer ved at tage initiativ til handling med denne spørgsmålstype, og hvordan dette initiativ bliver responderet på af plejepersonale og besøgende. Derigennem peger vi på hvordan gentagende adfærd ikke nødvendigvis blot skal ses som et sygdomstegn der måtte kalde på såkaldte adfærdsregulerende responser fra omgivelserne, men som borgerens brug af sine tilbageværende ressourcer til at udføre forskelligartede handlinger i disse kontekster.
Anmeldelse af: Giorgio Agamben, Den højeste fattigdom. Klosterregler og livsform, Homo Sacer IV, I
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: November 2018

Giorgio Agamben, Den højeste fattigdom. Klosterregler og livsform, Homo Sacer IV, I, oversat af Lars Östman, Forlaget THP, 2011, 238 s., kr. 299, 95.
Why multimodality? Why co-operative action? Keynote presentation at the Copenhagen Multimodality Day 2017
Authors: Goodwin Charles
Published: November 2018

Video of key note talk from Copenhange Multimodality Day 2017
Virksomheders sundhedsfremme
Authors: Isling Gitte , Nielsen Sara Frøslev
Published: November 2018

Medarbejderes sundhed anskues i stigende grad som en ledelsesopgave, som er betydningsfuld for virksomheders produktivitet. Sundhed kobles nemlig til produktivitet, som efterspørges i det moderne arbejdsliv. Sundhedsfremmende initiativer vinder derfor frem på mange arbejdspladser, og denne udvikling italesættes som ensidig positiv. Men hvad betyder det egentlig for medarbejderne, når arbejdspladsen blander sig i, om medarbejderne bør tage et stykke kage mere eller springe rødvinen over fredag aften? Denne kronik belyser det paradoks, der opstår, når medarbejderes sundhed bliver et fælles anliggende mellem medarbejder og virksomhed. Når sundhed på den ene side fremstår som en personalegode og på den anden side som en disciplinering af medarbejderes sundhedsadfærd, kan det både anskues som frigørende og umyndiggørende processer.
Kontrol af virkeligheden
Authors: Haller Mie Birk
Published: November 2018

Denne artikels omdrejningspunkt er indsattes erfaringer med stofmisbrug og misbrugsbehandling i et dansk lukket fængsel. Dens fokus er indsatte med et rusmiddelbrug, der under fængselsopholdet enten fortsætter deres brug af rusmidler på almindelige fællesskabsafdelinger eller søger stoffrihed på en af fængslets behandlingsafdelinger. Fra de indsattes perspektiv viser artiklen, hvordan dét at afsone på henholdsvis behandlings- eller fællesskabsafdelinger muliggør forskellige eksistensformer og forskellige muligheder for at kontrollere ens virkelighedsopfattelse og hverdag i fængslet. De indsatte oplever livet på de almindelige fællesskabsafdelinger som ’ustruktureret’. Her kan de – på grund af tilstedeværelsen af stoffer – kontrollere deres egen virkelighed og dermed opnå en mere behagelig afsoning. På behandlingsafdelingerne forventes det modsat at indsatte lever et ’struktureret’ liv og lever op til samfundsmæssige idealer om at være refleksive, fremtidsorienterede og progressive.Artiklen konkluderer, at det ’strukturerede’ liv på behandlingsafdelingerne ikke opleves som meningsfyldt blandt de indsatte, fordi det ikke er attraktivt i den meningsløse livssituation i fængslet. Modsat giver tilgangen til stoffer indsatte mulighed for at opnå en mere tålelig afsoning.Artiklen er baseret på fem måneders etnografisk feltarbejde i et dansk, lukket fængsel for mænd.
Indledning: Hvad er islam?
Authors: Schmidt Garbi , Christensen Tina Dransfeldt
Published: November 2018

I stedet for et abstract er her begyndelsen på indledningen til temanummeret "Hvad er islam?":

Hvad er islam? Hvad gør muslimer? Gang på gang gentages disse to spørgsmål, med varierende formuleringer, i den danske debat. Det er derfor nærliggende, at Tidsskrift for Islamforskning stiller skarpt herpå. Ikke med ambitionen om at besvare spørgsmålene endegyldigt (det ville være en for stor ambition), men for at vise de forskellige forskningsmæssige og forskerbårne perspektiver, der findes på spørgsmålene, og hvilken debat og hvilke kontraster forskningen kendetegnes af. (...)
A Short History of Jihadism Studies
Authors: Aae Bjarke
Published: November 2018

2018 markerer 20-året for Osama bin Ladens fatwa, der påbød alle muslimer at føre global jihad mod USA og dets allierede. Cementeringen af jihadisme som en global militant ideologi i denne periode har samtidig fostret et voksende forskningsfelt, der har forsøgt at forklare dette fænomen. Denne artikel identificerer og diskuterer de primære debatter og strømninger inden for den engelsksprogede jihadismeforskningen i løbet af de seneste 20 år. Debatten mellem fortalere for enten lokale eller globale forklaringer af jihadisme, sammen med debatten om religionens rolle som drivkraft i jihadismen, identificeres som de mest gennemgående. Artiklen argumenterer samtidig for, at en del af årsagen til, at der stadig er fundamental uenighed omkring svaret på disse spørgsmål, findes i opdelingen af feltet i forskellige forskningsmæssige tilgange, der ikke i tilstrækkelig grad overlapper. Derudover har et for ensidigt fokus på al-Qaeda som den typiske repræsentant for jihadisme siden 2001 forhindret forskere i at identificere divergerende udtryksformer af fænomenet.
Er islam ufredens religion?
Authors: Skovgaard-Petersen Jakob , Hoffmann Thomas
Published: November 2018

Den 10. juni 2017 skrev Martin Krasnik en leder i Weekendavisen under overskriften “Ufredens religion”, som Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen skrev et modsvar til på Facebook den 15. juni 2017. Hen over sommer fulgte en længere debat på Facebook og i flere dagblade om forholdet mellem islam og vold. Vi genoptrykker her den del af debatten, som udfoldede sig mellem Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen og Thomas Hoffmann på Facebook, suppleret med et nyt indlæg fra dem hver. Det er ikke kun en debat om, hvorvidt islam er fredens eller ufredens religion, men i lige så høj grad en debat om, hvordan både forskere og journalister bør gå til de islamiske tekster og muslimers fortolkninger heraf, både historisk og i dag.
"I want you to be a Muslim"
Authors: Renders Johannes
Published: November 2018

“Jeg kan ikke presse dig. Jeg vil have, at du bliver muslim. Du kunne dø i aften!” I denne artikel undersøges nogle tilbagevendende etiske og metodologiske tvetydigheder i antropologisk feltarbejde blandt danske muslimer, der involverer gentagende konfrontationer med muslimsk rekruttering og da’wā (invitation). Jeg argumenterer for, at etnografens religiøse subjektivitet samt den måde et etnografisk selv konstrueres, forhandles og placeres i felten på, direkte vedrører muligheden for et intimt engagement med den muslimske fortælling, hvilket påvirker analysens pålidelighed og etnografiens succes. Jeg introducerer også begrebet “diskursiv konvertering” for at beskrive det stadium, hvor internaliseringen af troens sprog og frivillig accept af lokale kategorier giver mulighed for direkte invitation til islam.
Non-professional interpreters in counselling for asylum seeking and refugee women Filiz Celik, Tom Cheesman
Authors: Celik Filiz , Cheesman Tom
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Non-professional interpreting warrants further study, particularly in environments where professional interpreters are scarce.

Method: The lead researcher (a qualified interpreter and counsellor) joined 32 group sessions as a participant observer, and 12 individual sessions as an observer. Additional data sources were 30 semi-structured interviews with counsellors, clients and interpreters, and two halfday forums organised for community interpreters to discuss their concerns.

Results: The positive value of engaging non-professional interpreters is highlighted within the specific context of non-medical, community-based, holistic counselling. In this context, formal accuracy of translation is less important than empathy and trust. Non-professional interpreters may be more likely than professionals to share clients’ life experiences, and working with them in counselling has positive psychosocial value for all participants. This is because it entails inclusive, non-hierarchical practices in the client-counsellor-interpreter triad: mutual sharing of linguistic resources and translingual communication, and a more relaxing dynamic with fluid roles. In group sessions, a strong sense of a crosslinguistic community is created as women interpret for one another, an expression of mutual support. In the context of this study, counsellors, clients and interpreters alike all regard non-professionals as being more appropriate than professionals in most counselling situations.
After deportation: ethnographic perspectives by Shahram Khosravi
Authors: Johansen Louise Victoria
Published: November 2018

Book review
Validation of the Protect Questionnaire: A tool to detect mental health problems in asylum seekers by non-health professionals
Authors: Mewes Ricarda , Friele Boris , Bloemen Evert
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Prevalence rates of trauma-related mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (MD) are high in asylum seekers. The PROTECT Questionnaire (PQ) was designed to detect indications of those disorders in asylum seekers. Empirical data are needed to evaluate the PQ psychometrically. The objective of this study is to investigate the reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the PQ.

Method: The PQ and validated questionnaires for PTSD (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, PDS) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ- 9) were filled in by a sample of recently arrived asylum seekers in Germany (n=141). A sub-sample of 91 asylum seekers took part in a structured clinical interview to diagnose PTSD or MD (SCID-I).

Results: The PQ showed a one-factor structure and good reliability (Cronbach’s ⍺= .82). It correlated highly with the PDS and the PHQ-9 (rs=.53-.77; ps≤.001). Diagnostic accuracy with regard to PTSD (AUC=.74; SE=.06; p<.001; 95%-CI=.63-.84) and MD (AUC=.72; SE=.06; p<.001; 95%-CI=.61- .83) was adequate, suggesting an optimal cut-off of 8 or 9. By categorizing participants into a low- and high-risk category, the PQ differentiated well between asylum seekers who fulfilled a PTSD or MD diagnosis and those who did not.

Discussion: The results support the use of the PQ as a reliable and valid instrument for the purpose of detecting signs and symptoms of the two most common mental disorders in asylum seekers. Persons found to be at risk of mental disorders should be referred to a clinical diagnostic procedure.
Posthumains sur scène
Authors: Dukanic Filip
Published: November 2018

Le présent texte interroge les nouvelles technologies sur la scène en regard du paradigme posthumain. Dans un premier temps, en nous référant au concept du postmodernisme d’après Lyotard, nous démontrons que le posthumanisme est une extrême-variante du postmodernisme. Au regard de cet examen, la continuité technologique de ces deux paradigmes induit leur mise en rapport avec notre corpus d’étude. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons plusieurs spectacles montréalais et européens, tels qu’Inferno et Versus, où les dispositifs occupent une place fondamentale. L’hypothèse qui sous-entend cette étude est que l’utilisation des dispositifs scéniques complexes conduit à une autre forme de coprésence, laquelle s’inscrit dans la fusion des technologies et de l’humain. En dernier lieu, nous développons un cadre conceptuel qui aspire à la légitimité théorique des tendances théâtrales analysées dans l’article.
L’accès à l’eau pour tous en France ou la trajectoire erratique d’un problème de second rang (1984-2016)
Authors: BARBIER Rémi , GREMMEL Jeanne
Published: November 2018

Cet article rend compte de la trajectoire du problème de l’accès à l’eau pour tous en France entre 1984 et 2016, c’est-à-dire de la manière dont la question de l’accès à l’eau potable des ménages pauvres s’est lentement imposée à l’agenda politique à partir des années 1980. D’abord jugé mineur et complexe à traiter, ce problème a cheminé sous couvert des problèmes de l’accès à l’énergie et au logement dans un contexte de précarisation et d’institutionnalisation de la lutte contre la pauvreté. Il a acquis une autonomie relative à la suite de la reconnaissance internationale et nationale du droit à l’eau et des revendications en faveur de la mise en oeuvre de solutions. Deux modes de prise en charge des difficultés des ménages – que nous qualifions respectivement desocial de l’eauet d’eau sociale – s’entrecroisent, avec un passage progressif du traitement par l’action sociale à une gestion internalisée au sein des services d’eau.
L’hôpital face à la contamination des milieux aquatiques par les résidus de médicaments : vers une nouvelle responsabilité environnementale ?
Authors: CARRÈRE Geoffrey
Published: November 2018

À travers l’analyse des éléments contingents, stratégiques et structurels qui sous-tendent la mise à l’agenda de la contamination des milieux aquatiques par les résidus de médicaments, au Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, cet article met en lumière l’émergence d’une responsabilité environnementale autour des activités de soins induites par la mutation du CHU de Bordeaux. Le CHU est passé d’une gestion hospitalière intra-muros vers une gestion extra-muros, renforçant les interdépendances institutionnelles et les interactions avec les différents acteurs du territoire.
Trajectoires résidentielles et mobilités quotidiennes. Les quatre « figures habitantes » du Pays du Vignoble nantais
Authors: JOUSSEAUME Valérie , BAILLEUL Hélène , CAILLY Laurent
Published: November 2018

De nombreux travaux portant sur les modes d’habiter ont permis d’appréhender la complexité des changements sociospatiaux à l’oeuvre dans les campagnes proches des villes. Nous proposons ici d’en renouveler l’approche en reconsidérant l’articulation systémique entre la trajectoire résidentielle des personnes et les formes de leur mobilité quotidienne. À partir du dépouillement du carnet de bord de 64 adultes, nous utilisons l’analyse factorielle pour faire émerger une typologie synthétique des formes d’ancrage. L’étude fait apparaître un plan de clivage assez attendu entre les « survenus », souvent d’origine urbaine et très mobiles au quotidien, et les populations natives, plus ancrées localement. Cependant, un deuxième plan de clivage « inverse» apparaît, incarné par deux autres types : les « survenus en quête de local » et les « enracinés mobiles ». Nous montrons ainsi que la relation entre la trajectoire résidentielle et la mobilité quotidienne n’est pas mécanique, mais que ces deux éléments se combinent et coagissent dans l’élaboration et la différenciation des modes d’habiter.
Noticias de sucesos como fuente de inspiración para la escritura creativa en E/LE
Authors: Kotwica Dorota
Published: November 2018

Lapresente experiencia práctica es una propuesta de la explotación de noticias de sucesos para actividades de escritura creativa en E/LE. Tomaremos como ejemplo una noticia publicada originalmente en la sección de sucesos del periódico Las Provincias(versión digital). Explicaremos el potencial que posee este tipo de materiales auténticos para diseñar actividades de comprensión y expresión escrita (niveles B1-B2). Creemos que la mayor ventaja que ofrece el uso de las noticias de sucesos en clase –siempre que sean textos seleccionados cuidadosamente por el profesor– es que motivan y  despiertan el interés de los alumnos a la misma vez que los trasladan al contexto de la actualidad española.
Feminismo como propuesta didáctica para la clase de E/LE: imágenes y música
Authors: Battagliero Bocco Florencia , Fontana Oltra José Vicente , Navarro Morales Marta
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de esta propuesta es tratar la temática del feminismo a través de la interculturalidad mediante el uso de actividades que permitan desarrollar las Inteligencias Múltiples -ejercitando las cuatro destrezas y el contenido gramatical que indica el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes- en un grupo de nivel B2.Se emplearán fragmentos de canciones que los aprendientes (sobre todo, el alumnado juvenil) pueden encontrardurante su inmersión en la cultura hispana. Posteriormente, se abordará el feminismo mediante infografías e imágenes. Por último, se utilizará la aplicación de mensajería WhatsApp como medio de debate dentro y fuera del aula.Se fomentará el pensamiento crítico empoderando a la mujer, se reflexionará sobre el discurso androcéntrico existente en la mayoría de las culturasy se aplacará la falsa idea de feminismo como batalla de sexos.
El cómic en ELE: una experiencia para la enseñanza de Geografía de España
Authors: Hernández López Nuria
Published: November 2018

Se presenta una actividad de innovación vinculada al uso del cómic para la enseñanza de contenidos de geografía, en el marco de un curso de Lengua Española y Cultura Hispana, destinado a estudiantes universitarios extranjeros. La actividad propuesta se basa en el uso de Pixton,una herramienta que permite crear cómics en línea. La experiencia se llevó a cabo de forma cooperativa en un Taller de Geografía de España. Tras analizar más de 40 herramientas TIC para la creación de cómics, se seleccionó Pixton y se diseñó una actividad y un material específico de apoyo para su puesta en práctica en el aula de E/LE. Los resultados obtenidos con esta experiencia demuestran que la herramienta, la metodología y el material creado son adecuados y contribuyen al aprendizaje del español y la cultura hispana, en concreto aquellos contenidos vinculados con Geografía de España.
Hacer negocios con adolescentes: una experiencia práctica de EFE
Authors: Hernández Ruiz Alejandra
Published: November 2018

La presente propuesta nace a partir de la implantación de la Ley Educativa italiana Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro, que obliga a los estudiantes de entre 15 y 19 años a realizar horas lectivas sobre el mundo de los negocios en una lengua extranjera. Para dar respuesta a esta demanda, se diseña un curso de Español con Fines Específicos (EFE) dirigido a adolescentes. Esta experiencia práctica pretende comprobar si los contenidos y los materiales (1) resultan útiles para los jóvenes en su aprendizaje, (2) son válidos para la consecución de sus objetivos y (3) logran aumentar su motivación. Para ello, tras el diseño del programa y su puesta en práctica, se elaboran unos Cuestionabjetrios de (Auto)Evaluación, los cuales conforman el punto central de la propuesta, pues permitirán evidenciar si nuestros propósitos han sido alcanzados. Los resultados de estos cuestionarios muestran la satisfacción con respecto al curso por parte de los estudiantes, así como la consecución de todos los planteamientos iniciales.
La situación de E/LE en las universidades chinas y la aplicación de doblaje en la enseñanza para los cursos superiores
Authors: Lian Menghzi
Published: November 2018

En la actualidad, en la enseñanza universitaria de español como lengua extranjera del tercer y cuarto curso, parece que la organización de los cursos y el método tradicional en la enseñanza no pueden satisfacer las necesidades de los alumnos, por eso sería necesario introducir métodos nuevos en la enseñanza. En este trabajo, en primer lugar, presentaremos brevemente las habilidades que más necesitan desarrollar los alumnos del periodo superior; en segundo lugar, se analizarán las posibilidades y ventajas de introducir el doblaje en la enseñanza; por lo último, se presentarán unos modelos básicos y unos principios de este método didáctico.
What are the determinants of subjective well-being of healthy adults in rural communities in and around forests?
Authors: Aggraeni Ike , Adnin Saidatul , Astria Yuli , Firmansyah Muhammad , Canigia Yessika , Nur Muhammad H , Yen Lebin , Rahman Saipul , Rajagukguk Stanley , Khornaylius Ervin , Hartanto Herlina , Wolff Nicholas H , Game Edward T , Masuda Yuta
Published: November 2018

Sustainability goals are seeking to jointly improve environmental conditions and the well-being of society. Yet achieving both environmental and human well-being goals remains challenging because improving the material well-being of people can often mean increasing the risk of environmental and ecosystem degradation. An alternative method that may help meet both goals is to target non-monetary determinants of subjective well-being. However. few studies have examined the determinants of subjective well-being in industrializing countries. Here, we report on an analysis examining the determinants of subjective well-being among health, working adults in rural villages in and around forests in the Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We find there is no significant relationship between subjective well-being and measures of monetary well-being, such as income and assets. Instead, we find age, sex, self-assessed health status, and occupation are significantly associated with subjective well-being. Our results have implications for policies seeking to improve subjective well-being among these populations.
Differences in the use of surface water resources by desert birds are revealed using isotopic tracers
Authors: Smit Ben , Woodborne Stephan , Wolf Blair O , McKechnie Andrew E
Published: November 2018

The scarcity of free-standing water sources is a key determinant of animal and plant community structure in arid environments, and an understanding of the extent to which particular species use surface water is vital for modelling the effects of climate change on desert avifauna. We investigated interspecific variation in the use of artificial water sources among birds in the Kalahari Desert, South Africa, by 1) observations at waterholes and 2) tracing spatial water-use patterns during summer by isotopically-labelled water sources and blood sampling. More than 50% of the avian community (primarily insectivores and omnivores) were not observed to drink. The majority (53%) of species drinking at waterholes were granivorous, and their use of surface water was best predicted by their relative abundance in the community. Species representing the remaining dietary guilds drank significantly more on hot days. Blood samples revealed that only 11 of 42 species (mostly granivores and a few omnivores) showed evidence of drinking at a waterhole with enriched deuterium values; on average, in the latter birds, water from the enriched waterhole accounted for ~38% of their body water pool. These findings illustrate that two methods employed in this study provide different, but complementary data on the relative importance of a water source for an avian community. Although our results suggest that most avian species are independent of surface water, drinking patterns on the hottest days during our study period suggest that free-standing water might become more important for some of the non-drinking species under hotter climatic conditions.
Expanded genetic screening in Caenorhabditis elegans identifies new regulators and an inhibitory role for NAD+ in axon regeneration
Authors: Kim Kyung Won , Tang Ngang Heok , Piggott Christopher A , Andrusiak Matthew G , Park Seungmee , Zhu Ming , Kurup Naina , Cherra Salvatore J , Wu Zilu , Chisholm Andrew D , Jin Yishi
Published: November 2018

The mechanisms underlying axon regeneration in mature neurons are relevant to the understanding of normal nervous system maintenance and for developing therapeutic strategies for injury. Here, we report novel pathways in axon regeneration, identified by extending our previous function-based screen using the C. elegans mechanosensory neuron axotomy model. We identify an unexpected role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesizing enzyme, NMAT-2/NMNAT, in axon regeneration. NMAT-2 inhibits axon regrowth via cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. NMAT-2 enzymatic activity is required to repress regrowth. Further, we find differential requirements for proteins in membrane contact site, components and regulators of the extracellular matrix, membrane trafficking, microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, the conserved Kelch-domain protein IVNS-1, and the orphan transporter MFSD-6 in axon regrowth. Identification of these new pathways expands our understanding of the molecular basis of axonal injury response and regeneration.
Correlation between expressiveness and syntactic independence of Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections
Authors: Kanerva Oksana
Published: November 2018

This article considers Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections due to the fact that these linguistic units possess a unique grammatical feature of being either completely syntactically independent or act as members of sentence, depending on the context and speaker’s communicative intention. Moreover, there is ambiguity concerning their expressiveness. In some cases they are prosodically foregrounded and have reduplicated morphemes, in others no pauses in speech separate them from the host construction and no expressive morphology is demonstrated. This research aims at establishing correlation between prosodic/morphological expressiveness and syntactic independence of Russian onomatopoeic verbal interjections with the help of a statistical model. Firstly, corpus analysis of data from the Russian Corpus of Spoken Language is applied examine expressiveness of these linguistic units, as well as to investigate their syntactic independence. Finally, a Log-Linear Statistical Model is applied to establish dependencies between absence/presence of these three features and to determine which ones of them have significant correlations.
(Literary) Capital of the Russian Arctic: Murmansk in Russian Literature
Authors: Lappela Anni Irmeli
Published: November 2018

In this article, I examine depictions of the city of Murmansk in Soviet and contemporary Russian literature: how different works describe Murmansk’s liminal location and role as a frontier city in the Russian Arctic. I approach this question by analyzing three themes central in the texts about Murmansk: 1) future visions of the city, 2) the role of the sea/ocean and the port in the city life, and 3) depictions of the geographical location and natural surroundings of the city. I ask how the image of the city may have changed during the last century and how different actors and places in the city space influence the urban experiences of the protagonists. The Arctic became “a key component of the modern mythology” in the Soviet Union in the 1930s (McCannon 1998: 81). This “Arctic myth”, examined extensively by John McCannon (1998, 2003), is an important context for my study. I am interested in the role of urbanization, focusing on the city of Murmansk, in the Arctic myth and in conquering the North in the 1930s. I also cover questions about the relationship between gender and urban space in this Arctic city text.My theoretical frameworks come from literary urban studies, geocriticism, ecocriticism and semiotics. I analyze Soviet texts in parallel with the contemporary material. The geocritic Bertrand Westphal proposes the geocentered approach to texts: “the geocritical study of literature is not organized around texts or authors but around geographic sites” (Prieto 2011: 20, italics mine). According to Westphal, analyzing a single text or a single author makes the study of a place lopsided, and geocritical study should emphasize the space more than an observer (Westphal 2011: 126, 131, italics mine). Applying Westphal’s geocentered approach to texts, I analyze depictions of Murmansk in multiple texts from different authors and decades. I prefer this kind of approach because exploring different eras’ texts about Murmansk, I want to give a comparative perspective to the history of Murmansk as a literary city.
Seasonal and predator-prey effects on circadian activity of free-ranging mammals revealed by camera traps
Authors: Caravaggi Anthony , Gatta Maria , Vallely Marie-Claire , Hogg Kayleigh , Freeman Marianne , Fadaei Erfan , Dick Jaimie T.A. , Montgomery W. Ian , Reid Neil , Tosh David G.
Published: November 2018

Endogenous circadian and seasonal activity patterns are adapted to facilitate effective utilisation of environmental resources. Activity patterns are shaped by physiological constraints, evolutionary history, circadian and seasonal changes and may be influenced by other factors, including ecological competition and interspecific interactions. Remote-sensing camera traps allow the collection of species presence data throughout the 24 h period and for almost indefinite lengths of time. Here, we collate data from 10 separate camera trap surveys in order to describe circadian and seasonal activity patterns of 10 mammal species, and, in particular, to evaluate interspecific (dis)associations of five predator-prey pairs. We recorded 8,761 independent detections throughout Northern Ireland. Badgers, foxes, pine martens and wood mice were nocturnal; European and Irish hares and European rabbits were crepuscular; fallow deer and grey and red squirrels were diurnal. All species exhibited significant seasonal variation in activity relative to the timing of sunrise/sunset. Foxes in particular were more crepuscular from spring to autumn and hares more diurnal. Lagged regression analyses of predator-prey activity patterns between foxes and prey (hares, rabbits and wood mice), and pine marten and prey (squirrel and wood mice) revealed significant annual and seasonal cross-correlations. We found synchronised activity patterns between foxes and hares, rabbits and wood mice and pine marten and wood mice, and asynchrony between squirrels and pine martens. Here, we provide fundamental ecological data on endemic, invasive, pest and commercially valuable species in Ireland, as well as those of conservation importance and those that could harbour diseases of economic and/or zoonotic relevance. Our data will be valuable in informing the development of appropriate species-specific methodologies and processes and associated policies.
Hemodynamic effects of sex and handedness on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: the contradiction between neuroimaging and behavioural results
Authors: Cinciute Sigita , Daktariunas Algis , Ruksenas Osvaldas
Published: November 2018

This study investigated the potential role of sex and handedness on the performance of a computerised Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in healthy participants by applying functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) sex-related differences of hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex of 70 healthy participants (female, n = 35 and male, n = 35; right-handed, n = 40 and left-handed, n = 30). In contrast, behavioural results of the WCST do not show sex bias, which is consistent with previous literature. Because of this, we compared ours and sparse previous fNIRS studies on the WCST. We propose that, according to recent studies of neurovascular coupling, this contradiction between neuroimaging and behavioural results may be explained by normal variability in neurovascular dynamics.
A systematic review of the validity of patient derived xenograft (PDX) models: the implications for translational research and personalised medicine
Authors: Collins Anne T. , Lang Shona H.
Published: November 2018

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are increasingly being used in oncology drug development because they offer greater predictive value than traditional cell line models. Using novel tools to critique model validity and reliability we performed a systematic review to identify all original publications describing the derivation of PDX models of colon, prostate, breast and lung cancer. Validity was defined as the ability to recapitulate the disease of interest. The study protocol was registered with the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES). Searches were performed in Embase, MEDLINE and Pubmed up to July 2017. A narrative data synthesis was performed. We identified 105 studies of model validations; 29 for breast, 29 for colon, 25 for lung, 23 for prostate and 4 for multiple tissues. 133 studies were excluded because they did not perform any validation experiments despite deriving a PDX. Only one study reported following the ARRIVE guidelines; developed to improve the standard of reporting for animal experimentation. Remarkably, half of all breast (52%) and prostate (50%) studies were judged to have high concern, in contrast to 16% of colon and 28% of lung studies. The validation criteria that most commonly failed (evidence to the contrary) were: tissue of origin not proven and histology of the xenograft not comparable to the parental tumour. Overall, most studies were categorized as unclear because one or more validation conditions were not reported, or researchers failed to provide data for a proportion of their models. For example, failure to demonstrate tissue of origin, response to standard of care agents and to exclude development of lymphoma. Validation tools have the potential to improve reproducibility, reduce waste in research and increase the success of translational studies.
Excitonic Aharonov–Bohm Oscillations in Core–Shell Nanowires
Authors: Corfdir Pierre , Marquardt Oliver , Lewis Ryan B. , Sinito Chiara , Ramsteiner Manfred , Trampert Achim , Jahn Uwe , Geelhaar Lutz , Brandt Oliver , Fomin Vladimir M.
Published: November 2018

Phase coherence in nanostructures is at the heart of a wide range of quantum effects such as Josephson oscillations between exciton–polariton condensates in microcavities, conductance quantization in 1D ballistic transport, or the optical (excitonic) Aharonov–Bohm effect in semiconductor quantum rings. These effects only occur in structures of the highest perfection. The 2D semiconductor heterostructures required for the observation of Aharonov–Bohm oscillations have proved to be particularly demanding, since interface roughness or alloy fluctuations cause a loss of the spatial phase coherence of excitons, and ultimately induce exciton localization. Experimental work in this field has so far relied on either self‐assembled ring structures with very limited control of shape and dimension or on lithographically defined nanorings that suffer from the detrimental effects of free surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that nanowires are an ideal platform for studies of the Aharonov–Bohm effect of neutral and charged excitons, as they facilitate the controlled fabrication of nearly ideal quantum rings by combining all‐binary radial heterostructures with axial crystal‐phase quantum structures. Thanks to the atomically flat interfaces and the absence of alloy disorder, excitonic phase coherence is preserved even in rings with circumferences as large as 200 nm.
Silver‐Catalyzed Sequential Cascade Reaction of Isocyanides with 1‐(2‐Ethynyl‐phenyl)‐prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol: Access to Benzo[b]fluorenes and Benzofuran‐Pyrroles
Authors: Liu Jian‐Quan , Chen Xinyi , Shen Xuanyu , Wang Yihan , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Bi Xihe
Published: November 2018

A silver‐catalyzed cycloaromatization of 1‐(2‐ethynyl‐phenyl)‐prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol with isocyanides efficiently provides benzo[b]fluorene and benzofuran‐pyrrole derivatives through a modular cascade reaction that includes a nucleophilic attack on the diyne substrate. A C−C cross‐coupling/oxygen transportation/Diels‐Alder/hydrogen shift/isomerization cascade mechanistic pathway is proposed.

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Gene Silencing via PDA/ERK2‐siRNA‐Mediated Electrospun Fibers for Peritendinous Antiadhesion
Authors: Liu Shen , Wu Fei , Gu Shanshan , Wu Tianyi , Chen Shun , Chen Shuai , Wang Chongyang , Huang Guanlan , Jin Tuo , Cui Wenguo , Sarmento Bruno , Deng Lianfu , Fan Cunyi
Published: November 2018

Sustained delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a challenge in gene silencing for managing gene‐related disorders. Although nanoparticle‐mediated electrospun fibers enable sustainable gene silencing, low efficiency, loss of biological activity, toxicity issues, and complex electrospinning techniques are all bottlenecks of these systems. Preventing peritendinous adhesion is crucial for their successful use, which involves blocking cellular signaling via physical barriers. Here, a multifunctional, yet structurally simple, cationic 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxaldehyde‐polyethylenimine (PDA)‐mediated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)2‐siRNA polymeric delivery system is reported, in the form of peritendinous antiadhesion electrospun poly‐l‐lactic acid/hyaluronan membranes (P/H), with the ability to perform sustained release of bioactive siRNA for long‐term prevention of adhesions and ERK2 silencing. After 4 days of culture, the cell area and proliferation rate of chicken embryonic fibroblasts on siRNA+PDA+P/H membrane are significantly less than those on P/H and siRNA+P/H membranes. The in vivo results of average optical density of collagen type III (Col III) and gene expression of ERK2 and its downstream SMAD3 in the siRNA+PDA+P/H group are less than those of P/H and siRNA+P/H groups. Consequently, siRNA+PDA+P/H electrospun membrane can protect the bioactivity of ERK2‐siRNA and release it in a sustained manner. Moreover, adhesion formation is inhibited by reducing fibroblast proliferation and Col III deposition, and downregulating ERK2 and its downstream SMAD3.
Reference values for selected hematological, biochemical and physiological parameters of Sprague‐Dawley rats at the Animal House, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Delwatta Shehani L. , Gunatilake Mangala , Baumans Vera , Seneviratne Melanie D. , Dissanayaka Manjula L. B. , Batagoda Siyani S. , Udagedara Asanga H. , Walpola Prasad B.
Published: November 2018

Background

Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a research project. This affects comparisons with data from test samples. To avoid these complications in their research projects, beginners tend to have a greater number of animals in the control group compared to test groups in order to have control group measurements within 2 SDs of the mean.

Methods

As non‐availability of reference values was a long‐felt need, the described project was conducted in order to establish a reference database for selected haematological, biochemical and physiological parameters using apparently healthy Sprague‐Dawley rats bred in the Animal House of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo (UCFM).

Results

Differences in mean values of packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum creatinine and blood glucose levels between the two genders were statistically significant. Lipid profile measurements did not differ significantly between genders, but mean and median values of triglycerides (TG) between male and female rats showed a difference of more than 10 mg/dL. The liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase (AP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also statistically significantly different between sexes. Despite wide variation in mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) between sexes, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The findings of this project should support to a certain extent the “Reduction” aspect of the 3Rs concept of Russell and Burch by reducing the number of Sprague‐Dawley rats used in future research projects at UCFM.
Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids in Combination with Hard Carbon for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Arnaiz María , Huang Peihua , Ajuria Jon , Rojo Teófilo , Goikolea Eider , Balducci Andrea
Published: November 2018

The front cover artwork is provided in collaboration of the Supercapacitors Research Line from CICenergiGUNE and the Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry and the Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) of the Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena. The Front Cover illustrates a battery based on a combination of an olive pit derived hard carbon with different ionic liquids studied for both, lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion battery technologies. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.201800073.
The effects of electromagnetic fields on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Nasrabadi Niyousha , Soheili Zahra‐Soheila , Bagheri Abouzar , Ahmadieh Hamid , Amizadeh Yashar , Sahebjam Farzin , Tabeie Faraj , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan
Published: November 2018

A great deal of evidence has confirmed that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can affect the central nervous system. In this study, cultured neonatal human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells were exposed to pulsed EMF of 1 mT intensity and 50 Hz frequency 8 h daily for 3 days. In addition to cell proliferation and cell death assays, immunocytochemistry for RPE65, PAX6, nestin, and cytokeratin 8/18 proteins were performed. Real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed for NES, PAX6, RPE65, and ACTA2 gene expression. Exposed hRPE cells did not demonstrate significant change in terms of cytomorphology, cell proliferation, or cell death. Protein expression of PAX6 was decreased in treated cells compared to controls and remained unchanged for RPE65, cytokeratin 8/18, and nestin. Gene expressions of NES, RPE65, and PAX6 were decreased in treated cells as compared to controls. Gene expression of ACTA2 did not significantly change. In conclusion, viability of cultivated neonatal hRPE cells did not change after short exposure to a safe dose of pulsed EMF albeit that both gene and protein expressions of retinal progenitor cell markers were reduced. Whether longer exposure durations that are being constantly produced by widely‐used electronic devices may induce significant changes in these cells, needs further investigation. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:585–594, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors contributing to disparities in mortality among patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Mehta Anish J. , Stock Shannon , Gray Stacy W. , Nerenz David R. , Ayanian John Z. , Keating Nancy L.
Published: November 2018

Historically, non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who are non‐white, have low incomes, low educational attainment, and non‐private insurance have worse survival. We assessed whether differences in survival were attributable to sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics at diagnosis, or treatments received. We surveyed a multiregional cohort of patients diagnosed with NSCLC from 2003 to 2005 and followed through 2012. We used Cox proportional hazard analyses to estimate the risk of death associated with race/ethnicity, annual income, educational attainment, and insurance status, unadjusted and sequentially adjusting for sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, and receipt of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Of 3250 patients, 64% were white, 16% black, 7% Hispanic, and 7% Asian; 36% of patients had incomes <$20 000/y; 23% had not completed high school; and 74% had non‐private insurance. In unadjusted analyses, black race, Hispanic ethnicity, income <$60 000/y, not attending college, and not having private insurance were all associated with an increased risk of mortality. Black‐white differences were not statistically significant after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, although patients with patients without a high school diploma and patients with incomes <$40 000/y continued to have an increased risk of mortality. Differences by educational attainment were not statistically significant after adjustment for clinical characteristics. Differences by income were not statistically significant after adjustment for clinical characteristics and treatments. Clinical characteristics and treatments received primarily contributed to mortality disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in patients with NSCLC. Additional efforts are needed to assure timely diagnosis and use of effective treatment to lessen these disparities.
Percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure using the Occlutech Figulla device: More than 1,300 patient‐years of follow up
Authors: Snijder Roel J. R. , Renes Laura E. , Suttorp Maarten Jan , ten Berg Jurrien M. , Post Martijn C.
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Occlutech patent foramen ovale (PFO) device at long‐term follow‐up (FU).

Background

The Occlutech device has been proven safe and effective six‐months after percutaneous PFO closure. We describe the safety and efficacy after more than 1,300 patient‐years of FU.

Methods

All consecutive patients who underwent PFO closure between October 2008 and December 2015 were included. All complications were registered. Residual right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) was diagnosed using contrast transthoracic echocardiography and graded as minimal, moderate, or severe.

Results

In total, 250 patients (mean age 53.5 ± 10.7 years, 46.8% female) underwent percutaneous PFO closure using the Occlutech device. Mean FU was 5.9 ± 1.8 years, a total of 1,345 patient‐years. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke was the main indication for closure (89.6%). Implantation was successful in 100%, no major complications occurred. Minor complications were inguinal hematoma in 16 patients (6.4%), pericardial effusion without the need for intervention in one patient (0.4%) and a supraventricular tachycardia in one patient (0.4%). A moderate or large shunt at one‐year follow up was present in 5.9%. A cerebrovascular vascular event occurred in 2.0% at 1‐year FU (four TIA, one stroke) and in 7.4% at long‐term FU (nine TIA, eight stroke). The total cerebrovascular event rate (TIA and CVA) was 0.02% per patient‐year of FU, with a stroke rate of 0.01%.

Conclusion

The Occlutech device appears to be safe at long‐term FU with a very low annual cerebrovascular event rate and a low moderate to large shunt rate at 1‐year FU.