bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEOS, SUCIOS Y MALOS: la regulación de los cuerpos y las emociones en Norbert Elías
Authors: Scribano Adrián , Vergara Mattar Gabriela
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es recuperar las ideas de Norbert Elías que dan pistas para la comprensión de los mecanismos de soportabilidad social y los dispositivos de regulación de las sensaciones que se hacen carne y hueso en los procesos de producción y reproducción social, particularmente delimitados en el contexto de América Latina. Para ello, en primer lugar, se explicitan las nociones de proceso y figuraciones. En un segundo momento, se examinan las principales transformaciones en el mundo subjetivo a partir de la vergüenza y el desagrado. Luego se analiza la noción del ‘romanticismo’, para terminar con una serie de reflexiones sobre los aportes de Elías para una sociología de los cuerpos y las emociones, que se proponga estar en una alerta epistémica desde una mirada latinoamericana poscolonial. PALABRAS CLAVE: cuerpos, emociones, autocoacciones, civilización, capitalismo.UGLY, DIRTY AND BAD: the regulation of bodies and emotions in Norbert Elías Adrián Scribano Gabriela Vergara Mattar The objective of this paper is to recover Norbert Elias’ ideas that give clues for the understanding of the mechanisms of social suportability and of the devices of regulation of the sensations that become fundamental in the production processes and of social reproduction, particularly delimited in the context of Latin America. For that, at first, the notions of figurations and process are shown. In a second moment, the main transformations are examined in the subjective world beginning with shame and displeasure. Soon afterwards, the “romanticism” notion is analyzed, to conclude with a series of reflections about Elias’ contributions for a sociology of bodies and emotions, that is intended to be in epistemic alert from a post-colonial Latin-American point of view. Keywords: bodies, emotions, selfcoertions, civilization, capitalism.LAIDS, SALES ET MECHANTS: la régulation des corps et des émotions chez Norbert Elías Adrián Scribano Gabriela Vergara Mattar L’objectif de ce travail est de reprendre les idées de Norbert Elias qui nous fournissent des indices pour la compréhension des mécanismes de suportabilité sociale et des dispositifs d’ajustement des sensations qui deviennent axiales dans les processus de production et de reproduction sociale, en particulier lorsque délimités dans le contexte de l’Amérique Latine. C’est pour cela que les notions de processus et de figurations sont d’abord explicitées. Dans une deuxième étape, ce sont les principales transformations du monde subjectif qui sont examinées à partir de la honte et du désagrément. On analyse ensuite la notion de “romantisme” et pour conclure, on en arrive à une série de réflexions sur les contributions de Norbert Elias pour une sociologie des corps et des émotions qui se propose d’être en alerte épistémique à partir d’un regard latino-américain post-colonial. MOTS-CLÉS: corps, émotions, auto contraintes, civilisation, capitalisme.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
DOS LEYES DE LA EVOLUCIÓN PENAL
Authors: Durkheim Emile
Published: August 2022

57 Durkheim

O texto discute as mudanças da punição

ao longo da

história das sociedades. Analisa o abrandamento do castigo

físico e a ascensão da prisão como

lócus

central da punição no mundo moderno. Relaciona

estes

processos com a diferenciação social,

caráter do

poder e mudança na concepção dos

delitos. Aponta a

necessidade de criação de

instituições

penais que respondam melhor às novas

aspirações da

consciência moral.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: evolução penal, castigo

físico, prisão, consciência moral.

TWO LAWS OF THE PENAL

EVOLUTION

Emile Durkheim

This text discusses the changes of punishment throughout history of the

societies. It analyzes the softening of physical punishment and the

ascension of prison as main locus of punishment in the modern world. It

relates these processes with the social differentiation, character of

power and change in the conception of crimes. It points the need for

the creation of penal institutions that answer better to the new

aspirations of moral conscience.

KEYWORDS: penal evolution, physical punishment, prison, moral

conscience.

DEUX LOIS DE

L’EVOLUTION PENALE

Emile Durkheim

Ce texte parle des changements de punition tout au long de

l’histoire des sociétés. On y analyse

l’allègement des châtiments physiques et

l’avènement de la prison comme lieu central de

punition

dans le monde moderne. Ces processus sont mis en relation avec la

différenciation sociale, le type de pouvoir et le changement

de

conception concernant les délits. Le besoin de

créer des

institutions pénales capables de mieux répondre

aux

nouvelles aspirations de la conscience morale y est mis en

évidence.

MOTS-CLÉS: évolution pénale,

châtiment physique, prison, conscience morale.
CONSTRUÇÃO NACIONAL E APRENDIZADO POLÍTICO: o saber-poder da brasilidade
Authors: Maciel Fabrício
Published: August 2022

Este artigo procura reunir elementos teóricos comparativos entre os processos de construção nacional europeu e brasileiro, de modo a analisar a especificidade do mito nacional desse último e sua relação com o aprendizado político no Brasil. Para tanto, as partes 1 e 2 do artigo procuram, a partir da obra de Michel Foucault Em defesa da sociedade (2005), analisar as narrativas mitológicas dos processos de construção nacional de Inglaterra e França, respectivamente. A parte 3 procura analisar, principalmente a partir da obra de Gilberto Freyre, a especificidade do processo de construção nacional e do mito da negação do conflito no Brasil. A parte final busca analisar uma possível afinidade eletiva entre o mito nacional e uma dificuldade de aprendizado político no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: construção nacional, mito nacional, conflito, aprendizado político, saber-poder. NATION BUILDING AND POLITICAL LEARNING: knowledge-power of brazildom Fabrício Maciel This paper seeks to unite comparative theoretical elements among Brazilian and European processes of national construction, in order to analyze the specificity of the former’s national myth and its relationship to political learning in Brazil. In order to do this, parts 1 and 2 of this paper seek, in view Michel Foucault’s “In defense of society” (2005), to examin the mythological narratives of nation-building processes in England and France respectively. The third part seeks to analyze, mainly in view of the work of Gilberto Freyre, the specificity of the process of nation building and the myth of denial of conflict in Brazil. The final section seeks to analyze a possible elective affinity between the national myth and a disability in political learning in Brazil. KEYWORDS: nation building, national myth, conflict, political learning, knowledge-power. CONSTRUTION NATIONALE ET APPRENTISSAGE POLITIQUE: le savoir-pouvoir de la brasilité Fabrício Maciel Cet article se veut de rassembler les éléments théoriques comparatifs des processus européens et du processus brésilien de construction nationale afin d’analyser la spécificité du mythe national de ce dernier et sa relation avec l’apprentissage politique au Brésil. C’est ainsi que la première et la deuxième partie de l’article cherchent, à partir de l’oeuvre de Michel Foucault “Il faut défendre la société” (2005), à analyser les récits mythologiques des processus de construction nationale respectivement en Angleterre et en France. La troisième partie examine, surtout à partir de l’oeuvre de Gilberto Freyre, la spécificité du processus de construction nationale et le mythe de la négation de conflit au Brésil. La dernière partie se propose d’analyser une affinité élective possible entre le mythe national et une difficulté d’apprentissage politique au Brésil. MOTS-CLÉS: Construction nationale, mythe national, conflit, apprentissage politique, savoir-pouvoir. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
AÇÃO COLETIVA E COOPERAÇÃO INTERMUNICIPAL EM DUAS METRÓPOLES
Authors: Freire de Lacerda Alan Daniel
Published: August 2022

O texto tem como objetivo central elaborar uma teoria da ação coletiva pertinente à análise dos problemas de cooperação metropolitanos. Tomando como casos preliminares as regiões metropolitanas de Natal e Recife, o trabalho visa também a definir que incentivos os municípios componentes de tais regiões têm para colaborar na solução de problemas tipicamente intermunicipais. A opção teórico-metodológica do artigo leva à conclusão de que as questões relacionadas à gestão metropolitana não podem ser separadas de variáveis relativas à integração dos municípios à cidade-polo da região. O trabalho empírico efetuado na aplicação parcial do modelo sistematiza dados qualitativos e quantitativos de pesquisas feitas por outros autores sobre as duas regiões mencionadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cooperação, gestão, metrópoles. COLLECTIVE ACTION AND INTERMUNICIPAL COOPERATION IN TWO METROPOLISES Alan Daniel Freire de Lacerda This paper mainly aims to develop a theory of collective action relevant to the analysis of problems of metropolitan cooperation. Taking as such preliminary cases the metropolitan areas of Recife and Natal, this work also aims to establish which incentives municipalities belonging to such regions have to cooperate in solving typically intermunicipal problems. The theoretical and methodological choice of this paper leads to the conclusion that the issues related to metropolitan management can not be separated from variables related to the integration of the counties to the main city in the region.The empirical work done in the partial implementation of the model sistematizes qualitative and quantitative data from research done by others over the two regions mentioned. KEYWORDS: cooperation, management, metropolises. ACTION COLLETIVE ET COOPÉRATION INTERMUNICIPALE DANS DEUX MÉTROPOLES Alan Daniel Freire de Lacerda L’objectif principal de ce texte est d’élaborer la théorie d’une action collective capable d’analyser les problèmes métropolitains de coopération. Les régions métropolitaines de Natal et de Recife serviront de base pour une étude de cas préliminaire. La recherche se veut également de définir les supports dont disposent les municipalités qui forment ces régions pour apporter leur collaboration en vue de trouver une solution aux problèmes inter municipaux. Le choix théorique et méthodologique de cette étude mène à la conclusion que les questions liées à la gestion métropolitaine ne peuvent être séparées des variables relatives à l’intégration des communes avec la ville-pôle de la région. Le travail empirique, réalisé pour la mise en œuvre partielle du modèle, systématise les données qualitatives et quantitatives des recherches réalisées par d’autres auteurs sur les deux régions citées. MOTS-CLÉS: coopération, gestion, métropoles. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
CONSTRUINDO CORPOS NAS CONSULTAS MÉDICAS: uma etnografia sobre Hipertensão Arterial em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Calvo Gonzalez Elena
Published: August 2022

Através da análise etnográfica da aplicação da tecnologia de medição da pressão arterial nas consultas médicas em um centro médico público na cidade de Salvador, proponho pensar a articulação do processo de objetificação do corpo com o universo da experiência, tanto de médicos quanto de pacientes. Atentarei para a maneira como os atores envolvidos aplicam no encontro clínico conhecimentos provindos do cotidiano e do âmbito da Biomedicina, sinalizando como o controle da Hipertensão é produzido por, e por sua vez produz, corpos que vivenciam o mundo através de matrizes diferenciadoras tais como classe, gênero ou raça. Estes corpos e estas matrizes de significação não podem ser separados, no seu sentido real, material, do seu sentido simbólico e figurado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: raça, corporificação, tecnologia, hipertensão, etnografia.BUILDING BODIES IN MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS: an ethnography of Arterial Hypertension in Salvador, Bahia Elena Calvo-Gonzalez Through ethnographic analysis of the application of technology to measure blood pressure in medical consultations in a public medical center in Salvador, I am proposing to think of the articulation of a process of objectification of the body with the universe of experience, both by doctors and by patients. I will look carefully at the way the actors involved apply knowledge in the clinical encounter stemmed from the daily life and scope of Biomedicine, signaling how the control of hypertension is produced by and in turn produces, bodies experiencing the world through differentiating matrices such as class, gender or race. These bodies and these matrices of significance can not be separated in their real, material, symbolic and figurative sense. KEYWORDS: race, embodiment, technology, hypertension, ethnography.LA CONSTRUCTION DES CORPS DANS LES CONSULTATIONS MÉDICALES: une ethnographie de l’hypertension artérielle à Salvador de Bahia Elena Calvo-Gonzalez Grâce à l’analyse ethnographique de l’application de la technologie des mesures de tension artérielle au cours des consultations médicales, dans un centre de santé publique à Salvador, nous nous proposons de faire le lien entre le processus d’objectivation du corps et l’univers de l’expérience, autant pour les médecins que pour les patients. Nous serons attentifs à la manière dont les acteurs impliqués utilisent leurs connaissances lors de la consultation, connaissances issues de leur quotidien et du domaine de la Biomédecine, afin de montrer comment le contrôle de l’Hypertension est produite par, mais produit à son tour, des corps qui vivent l’expérience du monde à travers des matrices qui établissent des critères de différenciation tels que classe sociale, sexe ou race. Ces corps et ces matrices ne peuvent être séparés, dans leur sens réel, matériel, de leur sens symbolique et figuré. MOTS-CLÉS: race, corporification, technologie, hypertension, ethnographie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
VIOLÊNCIAS E CONFLITOS INTERSUBJETIVOS NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Costa Arthur Trindade M.
Published: August 2022

Neste trabalho, discutimos a violência interpessoal no Brasil, cuja consequência mais visível é o aumento da mortalidade por homicídios. Sugerimos que a chave para entender esse fenômeno violento é a compreensão do contexto nos quais essas mortes ocorreram, ou seja, o tipo de conflito, seu significado para as partes envolvidas, seu objeto e sua estruturação. Finalmente, sustentamos que, embora dramática, a violência intersubjetiva tem recebido pouca atenção das autoridades brasileiras.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: violência, conflitos intersubjetivos, homicídios, Brasil. INTERSUBJECTIVE VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT IN CONTEMPORARY BRAZIL Arthur Trindade M. CostaIn this paper, we discuss the interpersonal violence in Brazil, which most visible consequence is the increase in homicide mortality. We suggest that the key to understanding this violent phenomenon is to understand the context in which these deaths occurred, ie, the type of conflict, its significance for the parties involved, its object and its structure. Finally, we argue that, although dramatic, intersubjective violence has received little attention from the Brazilian authorities.KEYWORDS: violence, intersubjective conflicts, murders, Brazil. VIOLENCES ET CONFLITS INTERSUBJECTIFS DANS LE BRÉSIL CONTEMPORAIN Arthur Trindade M. CostaIl est question, dans cette recherche, du débat sur la violence interpersonnelle au Brésil dont la conséquence la plus visible est la croissance de la mortalité par homicides. On y suggère que la clé pour la compréhension de ce phénomène violent réside dans la compréhension du contexte dans lequel ces assassinats ont lieu, à savoir le type de conflit, son importance pour les parties impliquées, son objet et sa structure. Enfin, nous soutenons que bien que dramatique, la violence intersubjective n’a reçu que peu d’attention de la part des autorités brésiliennes.MOTS-CLÉS: violence, conflits intersubjectifs, homicides, Brésil. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
TOTALIDADE E NEGATIVIDADE: a crítica de Adorno à dialética hegeliana
Authors: Repa Luiz
Published: August 2022

O artigo pretende explicitar, primeiramente, a crítica de Adorno à associação entre negatividade e totalidade em Hegel, para, em seguida, mostrar que, apesar dessa crítica, o próprio Adorno não dispensa um conceito de totalidade com função explicativa. Somente em um nível micrológico a crítica adorniana parece se justificar, na medida em que o conceito de totalidade é criticado como positivação da sociedade contemporânea. Dessa maneira, sua obra sobre a dialética negativa exercita dois usos distintos dos conceitos de negatividade e totalidade, os quais podem se combinar por meio de sua concepção de totalidade como ilusão socialmente necessária.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dialética, negação determinada, totalidade, ilusão socialmente necessária, razão instrumental.TOTALITY AND NEGATIVITY: Adorno’s critique to Hegelian dialectic Luiz RepaThe paper aims to clarify, first, Adorno’s critique of the association between negativity and totality in Hegel, to then show that, despite this criticism, Adorno himself does not dispense with the concept of totality with an explanatory function. Only on a micrological level Adorno’s critique seems justified, in that the concept of totality is criticized as positivation of contemporary society. Thus, his work on the negative dialectic exercises two distinct uses of the concepts of negativity and totality, which can be combined by means of his conception of totality as a socially necessary illusion.KEYWORDS: dialectics, determinate negation, totality, socially necessary illusion, instrumental reason. TOTALITÉ ET NÉGATIVITÉ: la critique de Adorno à la dialectique hégélienne Luiz RepaL’article se veut, tout d’abord, d’expliquer la critique d’Adorno à l’association entre la négativité et la totalité de Hegel pour montrer ensuite que, malgré cette critique, Adorno lui-même ne dispense pas un concept de totalité ayant une fonction explicative. Ce n’est qu’à un niveau micrologique que la critique adornienne semble se justifier, dans la mesure où le concept de totalité est critiqué comme positivation de la société contemporaine, Ainsi, son travail sur la dialectique négative s’exerce à deux utilisations distinctes des concepts de négativité et de totalité, qui peuvent être agencés par le biais de sa conception de totalité comme illusion socialement nécessaire.MOTS-CLÉS: dialectique, négation déterminée, totalité, illusion socialement nécessaire, raison instrumentale. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
The use of the reflective team in a psychodrama therapy group
Authors: Turner Sandra
Published: August 2022

In this article, the development of the reflective team process is traced, and the concept is applied to a psychodrama inpatient therapy group in which the focus was noticing role development. A format for conducting a reflective team process in an inpatient group is described, and the particular benefits to both the protagonist and group members are identified.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Associated With Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bataille Pauline , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Tubach Florence , Aroux-Pavard Marine , Philibert Christelle , Chasset François , Barbaud Annick
Published: August 2022

This descriptive case series investigates the potential association between the use of proton pump inhibitors and drug-induced lupus erythematosus in cases reported in 2 large pharmacovigilance databases.
Cutaneous Anthrax
Authors: Sivakumar Aravind , Kalimuthu Abinaya , Munisamy Malathi
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a 1-year-old boy who was brought to the pediatric emergency department with complaints of a painless reddish skin lesion on the left buttock for 7 days.
Comparison of Analgesic Prescriptions for Dental Pain and Patient Pain Outcomes Before vs After an Opioid Reduction Initiative
Authors: Huang Qirong , Rasubala Linda , Gracely Richard H. , Khan Junad , Eliav Eli , Ren Yanfang
Published: August 2022

This cross-sectional study compares prescribing patterns of opioid and nonopioid analgesics and patients’ dental pain outcomes before vs after implementation of an opioid reduction initiative at a single dental clinic.
Differential expression of Ago2‐mediated microRNA signaling in adipose tissue is associated with food‐induced obesity
Authors: Zhang Hansi , Qiao Liang , Liu Xiaoxuan , Han Xiaojing , Kang Jing , Liu Yanli , Lin Juntang , Yan Xin
Published: August 2022

Adipose tissue is a major component for the regulation of energy homeostasis by storage and release of lipids. As a core element of RNA‐induced silencing complex, argonaute2 (Ago2) plays critical role in maintenance of systemic metabolic demand. Here, we show that high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice exhibit an increase in body mass alongside systematic insulin resistance and altered rate of energy expenditure. Interestingly, Ago2 expression is associated with obesity and an increased amount of adipose tissue. Moreover, increased levels of Ago2 inhibited the expression of AMPKα by promoting its targeting by miR‐148a, the most abundant microRNA in adipose tissues. Those results suggested that Ago2–miR‐148a–AMPKα signaling pathway play an important function in the developing obesity and adiposity, and will further provide basic research data for the potential clinical treatment of obesity.
The efficacy of wildlife fences for keeping reindeer outside a chronic wasting disease risk area
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Rød‐Eriksen Lars , Hildebrand Aniko , Meås Roger , Gudmundsson Aron Freyr , Rolandsen Christer M.
Published: August 2022

Emerging wildlife diseases often comes with negative cultural and economic impact. Limiting disease spread is a recurrent goal and challenge, but the efficacy of various mitigation measures is rarely assessed.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a lethal disease among cervids that was discovered among alpine reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the Nordfjella mountain range of Norway in 2016. After de‐population, the entire range was fallowed to avoid re‐emergence from environmental pathogen reservoirs. This involved installing perimeter fences in the alpine areas in order to keep reindeer from adjacent populations outside of the CWD risk area, while other cervids (red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus and moose Alces alces) were likely to enter through the forested areas.

We used camera trapping and surveillance reports to assess the efficacy of the perimeter fences. All four species of cervids were documented inside the CWD risk area. For reindeer, only 12.0% of observations were inside the CWD risk area, while this was 28.7% for the other cervids. The higher proportion of observations outside of the fenced area indicate that fences provided a barrier and lowered the number of crossings also of red deer, roe deer and moose.

Fences do not provide complete barriers, and we discuss practical solutions for how to avoid ‘intruders’ entering a given area, such as maintenance at critical points (e.g. river and road crossings) and height of fences (e.g. species variation in jumping; deep snow) to uphold their desired effect.

We argue that two fence lines with a buffer zone would be required when re‐introduction of reindeer are planned in the CWD risk area after fallowing, similar to what has been suggested for other wildlife diseases.
Characterization of time of flight and resolution modeling on image quality in positron emission tomography
Authors: Moretti Terrance J. , Leon Stephanie M. , Schaeffer Colin J , Arreola Manuel
Published: August 2022

Time‐of‐flight (TOF) and resolution modeling (RM) algorithms are frequently used in clinical PET images, and inclusion of these corrections should measurably improve image quality. We quantified the effects of these correction algorithms on reconstructed images via the following metrics: recovery coefficients (RCs), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), noise‐power spectrum (NPS), modulation transfer function (MTF), and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a point source. The goal of this experiment was to assess the effects of the correction algorithms when applied singly or together. Two different phantom tests were performed and analyzed by custom software. FWHM and MTF were measured using capillary tube point sources, while RCs, CNR, and NPS were measured using an image quality body phantom. Images were reconstructed with both TOF and RM, only TOF, only RM, or neither correction. The remaining reconstruction parameters used the standard clinical protocol. RM improved RCs, FWHM, and MTF, without increasing overall noise significantly. TOF improves CNR for small objects FWHM or MTF but did not decrease noise. RCs were not statistically improved by enabling these algorithms. Inclusion of both correction algorithms in image reconstruction provides an overall improvement to all metrics relative to the uncorrected image, but not by a significant margin in multiple aspects.
Relation of CDC42, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells with cognitive function decline in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Yi , Niu Chenglin
Published: August 2022

Objective

Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates neurite outgrowth, neurotransmitter, and T help (Th) cell‐mediated neuroinflammation, while its clinical implication in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation of CDC42 with Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, as well as CDC42’ longitudinal change and relation to cognitive function decline in AD patients.

Methods

150 AD patients were enrolled, then their blood Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were quantified by flow cytometry at baseline; CDC42 was detected by RT‐qPCR and MMSE score was assessed at baseline and during 3‐year follow‐up. Meanwhile, CDC42, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were quantified in 30 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

CDC42 (p < 0.001) and Th2 cells (p < 0.001) were lowest in AD patients, followed by PD patients, highest in HCs; but Th1 cells (p = 0.001) and Th17 cells (p < 0.001) showed opposite trends. CDC42 was not related to Th1 cells (p = 0.134), positively correlated with Th2 cells (p = 0.023) and MMSE (p < 0.001), while negatively associated with Th17 cells (p < 0.001) in AD patients. CDC42 was only related to Th17 cells (p = 0.048) and MMSE (p = 0.048) in PD patients; and it was not linked with Th1, Th2, Th17 cells, or MMSE in HCs (all p > 0.05). During a 3‐year follow‐up, CDC42 was gradually declined in AD patients (p < 0.001), its decline was positively correlated with MMSE decline at 1 year (p = 0.004), 2 years (p = 0.005), and 3 years (p = 0.026).

Interpretation

CDC42 might have the potency to serve as a biomarker for estimating AD risk and progression.
Construction of an Administrative Osteoarthritis Severity Index
Authors: Gebauer Sarah C. , Chrusciel Timothy , Salas Joanne , Neme Jamil , Callahan Leigh F. , Scherrer Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

Objective

Electronic health record (EHR) databases are a powerful resource to investigate clinical trajectories of osteoarthritis (OA). There are no existing EHR tools to evaluate risk for knee arthroplasty (KA). We developed an OA severity index (OASI) using EHR data and demonstrate the index's association with time to KA.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used 2010‐2018 nationally distributed Optum EHR data. Eligible patients were 45 to 80 years old with a new diagnosis of knee OA in 2011‐2012 and no prior KA. The OASI was a sum of first instance of x‐ray imaging, advanced imaging, intra‐articular injection, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and opioids. Principal components analysis index (PCI) score was also explored. Extended Cox proportional hazard models assessed time‐dependent OASI and time to KA.

Results

Among 16,675 eligible patients, 12.7% underwent KA. Median follow‐up time was 72 months. Adjusted OASI models showed each additional event almost doubled the risk for KA (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.75‐1.86). Similar results were observed for PCI.

Conclusion

The sum OASI performs well identifying patients who would undergo KA and offers simplicity versus the PCI. Although replication in other cohorts is recommended, the OASI appears to be a novel and valid means to measure clinical OA severity in research studies using large EHR‐based cohorts.
Robust and High‐Efficient Fabrication of Gold Triangles Array on Optical Fiber Tip for Laser Mode Locking
Authors: Gu Ping , Cai Xiaofeng , Xue Chenpeng , Zhang Zuxing , Zhu Youcheng , Du Wei , Chen Zhuo , Chen Jing , Ding Zixuan , Xu Fei
Published: August 2022

The plasmonic metasurfaces composed of gold triangles (GTAs) array have been directly fabricated onto the optical fiber tip (OFT) using a modified self‐assembly nanosphere lithography technology, featuring intrinsic good compatibility, high‐quality, low‐cost, time‐saving, and large‐scale fabrication. Then, the first experimental realization of all‐fiber mode‐locked lasers based on GTAs array as saturable absorber is reported. The linear transmission spectra of the different‐sized GTAs array fabricated using different‐sized polystyrene (PS) microspheres (diameter: 1000, 1100, 1300, and 1600 nm) demonstrate highly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) across a broad spectral range from 1295 to 1985 nm, and its nonlinear transmission spectra present a larger modulation depth (maximum: 11.5%) when the LSPR is close to the 1550 nm. When inserting the GTAs@OFT samples fabricated using 1100‐nm diameter and 1300‐nm diameter PS microspheres into a fiber‐ring cavity, the all‐fiber picosecond (≈3.7 ps) soliton mode‐locked lasers with high output power (>10 mW) are successfully achieved at optical communication wavelength of 1.5 µm. The findings expand the scopes of plasmonic metasurface composed of GTAs array as saturable absorber, and may pave the way for mass production of ultrafast all‐fiber lasers and novel all‐fiber devices for optical communications, bio‐sensing, and bio‐imaging.
In Situ Modulation of Al Traces and Interlayer Spacing in Ti3C2Tx ‐A2 MXene: Supercapacitor with Ultrahigh Capacitance and Energy Density
Authors: Kumari Shilpa , Aagar Srinivasan , Sharma Amit Kumar , Upreti Deepak , Aashi  , Agrawal Garima , Bagchi Vivek
Published: August 2022

Although Ti3C2Tx MXene is known as a unique 2D layered material with high metal conductivity and redox‐active surface, and is widely employed as a supercapacitor electrode, however, its capacitance maximization is severely limited, due to restacking of the MXene flakes. To get around this problem, an innovative etching technique is employed to circumvent the issue of restacking without using a separate delamination procedure. This is done by keeping optimum Al traces inside the Ti3C2Tx layers by tuning the ratio of LiF and Ti3AlC2 precursors at room temperature. Instead of obtaining solitary Ti3C2Tx flakes, the Al‐trace in Ti3C2Tx ‐A2 holds a stable layered structure, facilitates easier electrolyte mobility, and prevent the possibility of restacking. As synthesized material, Ti3C2Tx ‐A2 exhibits excellent gravimetric capacitance of 513 F g–1 at 2 A g–1 with 80% capacitance retention up to 10 000 cycles at a current density of 12 A g–1. The all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor (ASSS) can deliver a significant gravimetric energy density of 14.5 W h Kg–1 and areal energy density of 49.2 mW h cm–2. The established technique enables Ti3C2Tx MXenes to improve their capacitive performance and explore their application in energy storage devices.
High‐Resolution Study of Changes in Morphology and Chemistry of Cylindrical PS‐b‐PMMA Block Copolymer Nanomasks during Mask Development
Authors: Bürger Julius , Venugopal Harikrishnan , Kool Daniel , de los Arcos Teresa , Gonzalez Orive Alejandro , Grundmeier Guido , Brassat Katharina , Lindner Jörg K.N.
Published: August 2022

Nanolithography with self‐assembled block copolymers (BCPs) is an emerging competitive alternative to conventional lithography, which is currently reaching its limits with regard to resolution and economic feasibility. For high‐resolution lithography, both the abruptness of BCP internal interfaces between self‐assembled polymer nanodomains and the processing steps used to selectively remove one of the polymers are crucial. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the chemistry, the mask wall morphology, and the line edge roughness (LER) of self‐assembled nanomasks from polystyrene‐b‐polymethylmethacrylate (PS‐b‐PMMA) before and after selective removal of the PMMA nanodomains. For the latter, either wet or plasma etching are employed and their impact on both the morphology and chemistry of resulting nanomasks is analysed using analytical (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and polarization‐modulated infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy. Dedicated image analysis tools are developed to determine for the first time the LER of cylindrical openings in PS masks from STEM dark‐field images at sub‐nanometer resolution. Applying these tools prior to and after PMMA removal from the BCP films, the statistics of feature sizes, LERs, and interfacial widths are determined. In addition, the impact of wet and dry etching processes on PS‐co‐PMMA random copolymer brushes required for substrate functionalization is evaluated.
From Salt to Electronics: Heteroepitaxy and GaAs Solar Cells
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Favela Carlos A. , Yu Bo , Galstyan Eduard , Sun Sicong , Terlier Tanguy , Selvamanickam Venkat
Published: August 2022

This paper presents work on the heteroepitaxy of salts, specifically fluorides, on semiconductors and heteroepitaxy of semiconductors on salts. Fluorides layers are deposited on commercial Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) wafers followed by the heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs using metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The fluoride layers consist of 2 lattice‐engineered layers of alkaline‐earth compounds to match with GaAs, and are used to sandwich another alkaline‐earth compound with higher water‐solubility as a sacrificial layer. The triple fluoride layers enable liftoff of free‐standing semiconductor films which can be further transferred to desirable substrates. 2D‐X‐ray Diffraction (2D‐XRD) measurements confirm epitaxial growth of both the fluorides and the subsequently grown GaAs films. Single junction (SJ) solar cell devices based on thus prepared films show a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.3% under 1 sun illumination. After the completion of device fabrications, the GaAs film is lifted off from the substrate by a novel water‐assisted epitaxial liftoff (H2O‐ELO) technique and transferred to a cheaper substrate. The original GaAs wafer is recycled and reused twice. Devices based on reused substrates show no significant degradation in performance. The semiconductor‐salt‐semiconductor scheme has great implications in high‐performance, flexible, and large‐area electronics.
Mass Diffusion Metamaterials with “Plug and Switch” Modules for Ion Cloaking, Concentrating, and Selection: Design and Experiments
Authors: Li Yang , Yu Chengye , Liu Chuanbao , Xu Zhengjiao , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Zhou Ji , Bai Yang
Published: August 2022

The outstanding abilities of metamaterials to manipulate physical fields are extensively studied in both wave‐based and diffusion‐based fields. However, mass diffusion metamaterials, with the ability to manipulate diffusion with practical applications associated with chemical and biochemical engineering, have not yet been experimentally demonstrated. In this work, ion cloaking, concentrating, and selection in liquid solvents are verified by both simulations and experiments, and the concept of a “plug and switch” metamaterial is proposed based on scattering cancellation (SC) to achieve switchable functions by plugging modularized functional units into a functional motherboard. Plugging in any module barely affects the environmental diffusion field, but the module choice impacts different diffusion behaviors in the central region. Cloaking strictly hinds ion diffusion, and concentrating increase diffusion flux, while cytomembrane‐like ion selection permits the entrance of some ions but blocks others. In addition, these functions are demonstrated in special applications like the catalytic enhancement by the concentrator and the protein protection by the ion selector. This work not only experimentally demonstrates the effective manipulation of mass diffusion by metamaterials, but also shows that the “plug and switch” design is extensible and reconfigurable. It facilitates novel applications including sustained drug release, catalytic enhancement, bioinspired cytomembranes, etc.
APAF1‐Binding Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Tumor Growth and Multidrug Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Blocking Apoptosome Assembly
Authors: Wang Qiang , Chen Chen , Xu Xiao , Shu Chuanjun , Cao Changchang , Wang Zhangding , Fu Yao , Xu Lei , Xu Kaiyue , Xu Jiawen , Xia Anliang , Wang Bo , Xu Guifang , Zou Xiaoping , Su Ruibao , Kang Wei , Xue Yuanchao , Mo Ran , Sun Beicheng , Wang Shouyu
Published: August 2022

Chemotherapeutics remain the first choice for advanced gastric cancers (GCs). However, drug resistance and unavoidable severe toxicity lead to chemotherapy failure and poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression in many cancers, including GC. Here, through RNA screening, an apoptotic protease‐activating factor 1 (APAF1)‐binding lncRNA (ABL) that is significantly elevated in cancerous GC tissues and an independent prognostic factor for GC patients is identified. Moreover, ABL overexpression inhibits GC cell apoptosis and promotes GC cell survival and multidrug resistance in GC xenograft and organoid models. Mechanistically, ABL directly binds to the RNA‐binding protein IGF2BP1 via its KH1/2 domain, and then IGF2BP1 further recognizes the METTL3‐mediated m6A modification on ABL, which maintains ABL stability. In addition, ABL can bind to the WD1/WD2 domain of APAF1, which competitively prevent cytochrome c from interacting with APAF1, blocking apoptosome assembly and caspase‐9/3 activation; these events lead to resistance to cell death in GC cells. Intriguingly, targeting ABL using encapsulated liposomal siRNA can significantly enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapy. Collectively, the results suggest that ABL can be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
BNIP‐2 Activation of Cellular Contractility Inactivates YAP for H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Differentiation
Authors: Wong Darren Chen Pei , Xiao Jingwei , Chew Ti Weng , Pan Meng , Lee Chang Jie Mick , Ang Jing Wen , Yow Ivan , Thivakar T. , Ackers‐Johnson Matthew , Lee Nicole Jia Wen , Foo Roger Sik‐Yin , Kanchanawong Pakorn , Low Boon Chuan
Published: August 2022

Rho GTPases and Hippo kinases are key regulators of cardiomyoblast differentiation. However, how these signaling axes are coordinated spatiotemporally remains unclear. Here, the central and multifaceted roles of the BCH domain containing protein, BNIP‐2, in orchestrating the expression of two key cardiac genes (cardiac troponin T [cTnT] and cardiac myosin light chain [Myl2]) in H9c2 and human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes are delineated. This study shows that BNIP‐2 mRNA and protein expression increase with the onset of cTnT and Myl2 and promote the alignment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, BNIP‐2 is required for the inactivation of YAP through YAP phosphorylation and its cytosolic retention. Turbo‐ID proximity labeling corroborated by super‐resolution analyses and biochemical pulldown data reveals a scaffolding role of BNIP‐2 for LATS1 to phosphorylate and inactivate YAP in a process that requires BNIP‐2 activation of cellular contractility. The findings identify BNIP‐2 as a pivotal signaling scaffold that spatiotemporally integrates RhoA/Myosin II and LATS1/YAP mechanotransduction signaling to drive cardiomyoblast differentiation, by switching the genetic programming from YAP‐dependent growth to YAP‐silenced differentiation. These findings offer insights into the importance of scaffolding proteins in bridging the gap between mechanical and biochemical signals in cell growth and differentiation and the prospects in translational applications.
Soft Microdenticles on Artificial Octopus Sucker Enable Extraordinary Adaptability and Wet Adhesion on Diverse Nonflat Surfaces
Authors: Hwang Gui Won , Lee Heon Joon , Kim Da Wan , Yang Tae‐Heon , Pang Changhyun
Published: August 2022

Bioinspired soft devices, which possess high adaptability to targeted objects, provide promising solutions for a variety of industrial and medical applications. However, achieving stable and switchable attachment to objects with curved, rough, and irregular surfaces remains difficult, particularly in dry and underwater environments. Here, a highly adaptive soft microstructured switchable adhesion device is presented, which is inspired by the geometric and material characteristics of the tiny denticles on the surface of an octopus sucker. The contact interface of the artificial octopus sucker (AOS) is imprinted with soft, microscale denticles that interact adaptably with highly rough or curved surfaces. Robust and controllable attachment of the AOS with soft microdenticles (AOS‐sm) to dry and wet surfaces with diverse morphologies is achieved, allowing conformal attachment on curved and soft objects with high roughness. In addition, AOS‐sms assembled with an octopus‐arm‐inspired soft actuator demonstrate reliable grasping and the transport of complex polyhedrons, rough objects, and soft, delicate, slippery biological samples.
Periplasmic Bacterial Biomineralization of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles
Authors: Park Yeseul , Eyal Zohar , Pekker Péter , Chevrier Daniel M. , Lefèvre Christopher T. , Arnoux Pascal , Armengaud Jean , Monteil Caroline L. , Gal Assaf , Pósfai Mihály , Faivre Damien
Published: August 2022

Metal sulfides are a common group of extracellular bacterial biominerals. However, only a few cases of intracellular biomineralization are reported in this group, mostly limited to greigite (Fe3S4) in magnetotactic bacteria. Here, a previously unknown periplasmic biomineralization of copper sulfide produced by the magnetotactic bacterium Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW‐1, a species known to mineralize greigite (Fe3S4) and magnetite (Fe3O4) in the cytoplasm is reported. BW‐1 produces hundreds of spherical nanoparticles, composed of 1–2 nm substructures of a poorly crystalline hexagonal copper sulfide structure that remains in a thermodynamically unstable state. The particles appear to be surrounded by an organic matrix as found from staining and electron microscopy inspection. Differential proteomics suggests that periplasmic proteins, such as a DegP‐like protein and a heavy metal‐binding protein, could be involved in this biomineralization process. The unexpected periplasmic formation of copper sulfide nanoparticles in BW‐1 reveals previously unknown possibilities for intracellular biomineralization that involves intriguing biological control and holds promise for biological metal recovery in times of copper shortage.
I scream, you scream, we all scream for local ice cream: Consumer preferences for locally processed foods
Authors: Dong Xiao , Klaiber H. Allen , Plakias Zoë
Published: August 2022

This study investigates consumer preferences for local brands of consumer packaged goods. Using a structural model of consumer demand for ice cream and data on retail ice cream sales from multiple locations of a large food retailer, we estimate consumer demand for local brands of ice cream and the willingness to pay for the local attribute. Using fixed and random coefficients logit models of product choice with cost shifters as instruments, we find that Ohio consumers are willing to pay, on average, an additional $0.13 per serving for local brands of ice cream. In counterfactual simulations, we estimate that replacing local brands of ice cream would reduce welfare by $2.78 million dollars annually for consumers in Ohio. For policymakers seeking to maintain and attract new local food producers, these results provide new insights into the potential gains that could result from increased local consumer packaged goods entrants [EconLit Citations: D12, D61, Q11, Q18].
Five‐to‐Seven Carbon Glycols Severely Impair Bioenergetics and Metabolism of Aggressive Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Stefanello Sílvio Terra , Mizdal Caren Rigon , Azzam Ihab , Döhlinger Lilly , Oeckinghaus Andrea , Shahin Victor
Published: August 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the vast majority of the histological subtypes and at advanced stage exhibits extremely low survival rate. Certain compounds, such as glycols, inhibit migration and decreased viability of the highly metastatic NSCLC cells A549_3R has been recently shown. The glycols‐induced effects are associated with a parallel reduction of ATP production, detected in A549_3R spheroids embedded in 3D desmoplastic‐like extracellular matrix, following overnight treatment. Herein, selected glycols are tested for their ability to acutely compromise bioenergetics, metabolism, and viability of A549_3R cells. Therefore, 1,5‐pentanediol (1,5‐PD), 1,6‐hexanediol (1,6‐HD), and 1,7‐heptanediol (1,7‐Hept) turn out to be the most effective. They interfere with key enzymes in glycolysis and elicit most or all of the following responses: acute collapse of the critical mitochondrial membrane potential, substantial reduction of ATP, pyruvate and L‐lactate levels, and massive increase in reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, computational docking analysis reveals that the glycols bind to the substrate‐binding residues of lactate dehydrogenase A, which catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate and is upregulated in aggressive tumors. Hence, the effective glycols may be promising anticancer compounds, or lead substances, for localized and intratumoral applications.
Polyphthalamide polymers: A review on synthesis, properties, and advance manufacturing and emerging applications
Authors: Gonzalez de Gortari Mateo , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: August 2022

The focus of this review is on the family of polymers commonly known as polyphthalamide (PPA), employed in the automotive industry along with other industries. This includes electrical parts, manufacturing or oil extraction because of PPAs chemical resistance, high strength, stiffness at high temperature, and dimensional stability. A significant amount of research was found and was divided into two main sections: first, PPA and its blends, and second, PPA composites. A consistent notation was devised to aid the understanding of older sources and enhance the comparison between different materials, increasing comprehension. Undiscovered or unpublished properties of PPAs means that there is a rich vein of opportunity, and many studies yet to be performed. This will open up a plethora of breakthrough research in electrical vehicle and aerospace applications.