bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Antagonizes α‐Melanocyte‐Stimulating Hormone Enhancement of Melanogenesis in Mouse Melanoma Cells by Blocking the Hormone‐Induced Accumulation of the C Locus Tyrosinase
Authors: Valverde Paloma , Benedito Enrique , Solano Francisco , Oaknin Sol , Lozano José Antonio , García‐Borrón José Carlos
Published: March 2005

Melatonin was found to have a small inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and a slight stimulatory action on dopachrome tautomerase activity in B16 mouse melanoma cells. These effects were time and dose dependent, with the maximal response being observed after 24–48h treatment and at concentrations of melatonin higher than the physiologic levels of the circulating hormone. Although these effects on the melanogenic activities were modest, incubation of melanocytes with melatonin prior to the addition of the melanotropin mediated a dramatic inhibition of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating‐hormone‐(α‐MSH)‐induced melanogenesis. This inhibitory effect was evident at melatonin concentrations as low as 10 nM. Inhibition was nearly total at 0.1 mM melatonin, even at high concentrations of α‐MSH (1 μM).

The inhibitory effect of melatonin on α‐MSH stimulation of melanogenesis was investigated. Melatonin appeared to act at least at two stages. Pharmacological concentrations of melatonin diminished the number of α‐MSH receptors to about 75% of the control values without an apparent effect on receptor affinity, as determined by receptor‐binding studies using 125I‐[N‐Leu4‐d‐Phe7]α‐MSH as a probe. Physiological concentrations of melatonin also appeared to interfere with the intracellular events coupling increased cAMP levels and induction of the c locus tyrosinase, since it strongly inhibited the theophylline‐mediated stimulation of melanogenesis. The inhibiton of tyrosinase stimulation was higher in the microsomal than in the melanosomal fractions of cells which were treated with melatonin, then exposed to either α‐MSH (1 μM) or theophylline (1 mM), suggesting that one of the main effects of melatonin might be inhibition of the induction of tyrosinase de novo synthesis.
Induction of the Escherichia Coli Cytochrome d by Low ΔH+ and by Sodium Ions
Authors: Bogachev Alexander V. , Murtazina Rakhilya A. , Shestopalov Alexander I. , Skulachev Vladimir P.
Published: March 2005

Regulation of synthesis of cytochrome d in Escherichia coli has been studied using mutants with cytochrome‐d‐β‐galactosidase gene fusions. It was shown that various protonophorous uncouplers, when added to the growth medium, cause induction of the cytochrome d synthesis. The cytochrome‐d‐inducing activity of uncouplers correlates with their ability to inhibit such a ΔH+‐driven function as motility of the E. coli cells. An increase in the Na+ concentration in the growth medium from 1.5mM to 25mM results in induction of the cytochrome d synthesis. The cytochrome‐d‐inducing effect of uncouplers is much more pronounced when the Na+ concentration is high than when it is low. These data are in agreement with the assumption that cytochrome d is involved in the Na+ energetics substituting for the H+ energetics when the latter appears to be inefficient.

Mutations in arcA or arcB genes (but not in fnr gene) completely prevent the increase in the cytochrome d level induced by uncouplers but are without effect on that induced by Na+. It is assumed that in the control of the cytochrome d synthesis, the Arc system is involved in the ΔH+ sensing whereas sensing of Δ;Na+ (or of the Na+ concentration) is mediated by some other receptor system.
Conformational Dynamics of a Mobile Loop in the NAD(H)‐Binding Subunit of Proton‐Translocating Transhydrogenases from Rhodospirillum Rubrum and Escherichia Coli
Authors: Diggle Christine , Cotton Nick P. J. , Grimley Rachel L. , Quirk Philip G. , Thomas Christopher M. , Jackson J. Baz
Published: March 2005

Transhydrogenase catalyses the reversible transfer of reducing equivalents between NAD(H) and NADP(H) to the translocation of protons across a membrane. Uniquely in Rhodospirillum rubrum, the NAD(H)‐binding subunit (called Ths) exists as a separate subunit which can be reversibly dissociated from the membrane‐located subunits. We have expressed the gene for R. rubrum Ths in Escherichia coli to yield large quantities of protein. Low concentrations of either trypsin or endoproteinase Lys‐C lead to cleavage of purified Ths specifically at Lys227‐Thr228 and Lys237‐Glu238. Observations on the one‐dimensional 1H‐NMR spectra of Ths before and after proteolysis indicate that the segment which straddles the cleavage sites forms a mobile loop protruding from the surface of the protein. Alanine dehydrogenase, which is very similar in sequence to the NAD(H)‐binding subunit of transhydrogenase, lacks this segment. Limited proteolytic cleavage has little effect on some of the structural characteristics of Ths (its dimeric nature, its ability to bind to the membrane‐located subunits of transhydrogenase, and the short‐wavelength fluorescence emission of a unique Trp residue) but does decrease the NADH‐binding affinity, and does lower the catalytic activity of the reconstituted complex. The presence of NADH protects against trypsin or Lys‐C cleavage, and leads to broadening, and in some cases, shifting, of NMR spectral signals associated with amino acid residues in the surface loop. This indicates that the loop becomes less mobile after nucleotide binding. Observation by NMR during a titration of Ths with NAD+ provides evidence of a two‐step nucleotide binding reaction. By introducing an appropriate stop codon into the gene coding for the polypeptide of E. coli transhydrogenase cloned into an expression vector, we have prepared the NAD(H)‐binding domain equivalent to Ths. The E. coli protein is sensitive to proteolysis by either trypsin or Lys‐C in the mobile loop. Judging by the effect of NADH on its NMR spectrum and on the fluorescence of its Trp residues, the protein is capable of binding the nucleotide though it is unable to dock with the membrane‐located subunits of transhydrogenase from R. rubrum.
Detection of Beak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV) and Avian Polyomavirus (APV) DNA in Psittacine Birds in Italy
Authors: Bert E. , Tomassone L. , Peccati C. , Navarrete M. G. , Sola S. C.
Published: March 2005

Beak and feather disease (psittacine circovirus) and Budgerigar fledgling disease (avian polyomavirus) are viral diseases that can frequently affect captive psittacine birds. We designed the first survey to investigate the presence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) and Avian polyomavirus (APV) inside the population of captive psittacine birds in Italy. Samples were collected in 18 Italian psittacine breeding centres and four trade centres over a 4‐year period. A total of 1516 birds were tested for BFDV and 877 birds were tested for APV by means of a polymerase‐chain‐reaction (PCR) assay. BFDV was found in 122 (8.05%) and APV in 7 (0.79%) birds. No significant difference in infection rate was found between imported and locally raised parrots. We report the first BFDV DNA isolation in wild birds imported to Italy from Papua New Guinea.
Effects of Fluorequinolone Treatment Acidified Feed, and Improved Hygiene Measures on the Occurrence of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in an Integrated Pig Breeding Herd
Authors: Roesler U. , Von Altrock A. , Heller P. , Bremerich S. , Arnold T. , Lehmann J. , Waldmann K.‐H. , Truyen U. , Hensel A.
Published: March 2005

Worldwide, the use of antimicrobials in food production has been associated with drug resistance in foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella. However, little is known about the efficaciousness of fluorequinolone treatment on Salmonella Typhimurium T104 infections in pig breeding herds. A combined eradication procedure with enrofloxacin application on sows and piglets, feeding of encapsulated organic acids to sows, disinfection with peracetic acid, separation of the growers from the sows and serological discrimination using a new whole‐cell‐based enzyme‐linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the suitability to eradicate and to control endemic S. Typhimurium DT104 infections in a closed herd. Thirty‐seven sows and their piglets were treated everyday from day 14 ante partum until the day of weaning. Eighteen sows and their piglets served as controls. From the first day of life until day 168 after birth, faecal samples (n = 1671) of all piglets were analysed for Salmonella shedding. In parallel, systemic antibody responses were monitored by whole‐cell‐based isotype‐specific ELISA systems. From birth to weaning the prevalence in both groups was between 2% and 9%. After weaning, intermittent shedding could be observed in both groups, and salmonellae could be found in up to 7.7% of the faecal samples. As a result, a dramatic increase in Salmonella‐infected growers was observed, as of day 115 after birth, 47.4% of the animals of the treated group were tested positive for S. Typhimurium. Our results indicate that despite long‐term antibiosis treatment and optimized hygiene measures, shedding of S. Typhimurium by the sows and the subsequent infection of their offspring could not be effectively prevented. Although it could be not shown that elimination of S. Typhimurium DT104 infection was achieved, the disinfection procedures described and the diagnostic test used are effective instruments to decrease the Salmonella load and to identify individual infected animals. Both of these are important factors for an improved consumer protection.
Strain Typing of German Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Field Cases in Small Ruminants by Biochemical Methods
Authors: Gretzschel A. , Buschmann A. , Eiden M. , Ziegler U. , Lühken G. , Erhardt G. , Groschup M. H.
Published: March 2005

Following the implementation of a large scale transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) surveillance programme of small ruminants, evidence for a natural transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to a French goat has been found. During the years 2002–2004, a massive TSE rapid testing programme on >250 000 small ruminants was carried out in Germany. In this national survey, 186 scrapie‐affected sheep were found which originated from 78 flocks. The majority of these cases were of the classical TSE type (115 sheep belonging to 14 outbreaks). However, 71 cases coming from 64 flocks were of the novel atypical scrapie type. According to the regulation EU 999/2001, all TSE cases in small ruminants have to be examined by strain typing methods to explore any possibility of the existence of BSE cases in the field sheep population. Here we report on a biochemical typing strategy (termed FLI‐test), which includes the determination of molecular masses, antibody binding affinities and glycosylation pattern of the TSE induced abnormal prion protein. Based on this typing approach none of the analysed German classical TSE outbreaks (total number of analysed sheep: 36) displayed biochemical features indicative for a BSE infection. However, in two cases distinct but BSE‐unrelated PrPSc types were found, which alludes to the existence of different scrapie strains in the German sheep population.
NK gene complex haplotype variability and host resistance alleles to murine cytomegalovirus in wild mouse populations
Authors: Scalzo Anthony A , Manzur Mitali , Forbes Catherine A , Brown Michael G , Shellam Geoffrey R
Published: March 2005

The NK gene complex (NKC) on mouse chromosome 6 encodes receptors that are expressed on NK cells, such as Ly49H, and is involved in regulating NK cell control of virus infections, such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). In the present study, we investigated the level of allelic heterogeneity in NKC loci in populations of outbred wild mice. This work revealed extensive levels of heterogeneity within two wild mouse populations. Analysis of MCMV replication in a population of specific pathogen‐free outbred wild mice revealed that low viral titres, which are normally associated with the Cmv1 r allele of the Cmv1 host resistance locus, were not prevalent in the mice tested. Hence, NKC‐mediated resistance associated with Cmv1 r/Ly49H‐like effects was rare in this population. Overall, these data indicate that the NKC region is highly polymorphic and thus it is very likely that it confers on mice sufficient variability to cope with infection by a range of pathogens.
Lipid based particulate formulations for the delivery of antigen
Authors: Copland Melissa J , Rades Thomas , Davies Nigel M , Baird Margaret A
Published: March 2005

Particulate adjuvant systems are largely classified according to their functional characteristics, such as the nature of the typical immune response they induce, or their perceived mode of action. From a formulation science perspective, it is practical to classify antigen delivery systems according to the physical nature of the formulations. This article discusses lipid based particulate systems, grouped according to the nature of their predominant lipid constituent.
Protein kinase A affects Galleria mellonella (Insecta: Lepidoptera) larval haemocyte non‐self responses
Authors: Brooks Cory L , Dunphy Gary B
Published: March 2005

We used the protein kinase A (PKA) specific activator Sp‐8‐Br‐cAMPS and type I inhibitor Rp‐8‐Br‐cAMPS alone and in combination to define the role of PKA in the non‐self responses of larval Galleria mellonella haemocytes in vitro and in vivo. Active PKA depressed haemocyte responses whereas PKA inhibition enhanced activities, including bacterial phagocytosis, the number of haemocytes with adherent bacteria, bacterial‐induced haemocytic protein release and haemocyte adhesion to slides in vitro, as well as in vivo bacterial removal from the haemolymph. Non‐attached haemocytes had more PKA activity than attached haemocytes; therefore, active PKA limited haemocyte response to foreign materials. We found that (i) PKA inhibitor alone induced non‐self responses, including haemocyte protein discharge and lowered haemocyte counts in vivo, and induced nodulation; (ii) the enzyme activator produced effects opposite to those of the inhibitor; and (iii) together, the modulators offset each others’ effects and influenced haemocyte lysate PKA activity. These findings establish PKA as a mediator of haemocytic non‐self responses.
Histidine‐rich glycoprotein: A novel adaptor protein in plasma that modulates the immune, vascular and coagulation systems
Authors: Jones Allison L , Hulett Mark D , Parish Christopher R
Published: March 2005

Histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma glycoprotein that has a multidomain structure, interacts with many ligands, and has been shown to regulate a number of important biological processes. HRG ligands include Zn2+ and haem, tropomyosin, heparin and heparan sulphate, plasminogen, plasmin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, IgG, FcγR and complement. In many cases, the histidine‐rich region of the molecule enhances ligand binding following interaction with Zn2+ or exposure to low pH, conditions associated with sites of tissue injury or tumour growth. The multidomain nature of HRG indicates that it can act as an extracellular adaptor protein, bringing together disparate ligands, particularly on cell surfaces. HRG binds to most cells primarily via heparan sulphate proteoglycans, binding which is also potentiated by elevated free Zn2+ levels and low pH. Recent reports have shown that HRG can modulate angiogenesis and additional studies have shown that it may regulate other physiological processes such as cell adhesion and migration, fibrinolysis and coagulation, complement activation, immune complex clearance and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. This review outlines the molecular, structural, biological and clinical properties of HRG as well as describing the role of HRG in various physiological processes.
Does memory improve with age? CD85j (ILT‐2/LIR‐1) expression on CD8+ T cells correlates with ‘memory inflation’ in human cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Northfield John , Lucas Michaela , Jones Helena , Young Neil T , Klenerman Paul
Published: March 2005

CMV‐specific memory CD8+ T cells accumulate over time to reach high frequencies amongst peripheral blood lymphocytes – a phenomenon termed ‘memory inflation’. Using tetramer staining on samples from a large number of subjects and multivariate regression analysis, we were able to relate this to the phenotype of CD8+ T cells. We made the following observations: (i) CD85j (ILT‐2/LIR‐1) was highly expressed alongside CD57 – an established effector memory marker – on CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells; (ii) on CD8+ T cells as a whole, with increasing age, CD57 and CD85j (ILT‐2/LIR‐1) expression increased whereas CCR7 expression decreased, indicating increasing maturation of the total CD8+ T‐cell compartment with age; (iii) unit increases in the percentage of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells expressing CD57 and CD85j (ILT‐2/LIR‐1) were associated with incremental expansion of these T‐cell populations; (iv) CMV seropositivity is associated with a marked effect on the overall phenotype of CD8+ T cells (at any given age, CMV seropositivity is associated with an 18.7% increase in CD85j (ILT‐2/LIR‐1) expression); and (v) from our observations we estimated from this an apparent ‘ageing effect’ of CMV on CD8+ T cells of 35.4 years. The data presented are consistent with a predictable, unidirectional and linear model of virus specific T‐cell differentiation and maturation.
Some isotopic and hydrological changes associated with the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake, Taiwan
Authors: Wang Chung‐Ho , Wang Chi‐Yuen , Kuo Ching‐Huei , Chen Wen‐Fu
Published: March 2005

Abstract  The changes in the isotopic composition of, and the groundwater level in, the Choshui River alluvial fan near the ruptured Chelungpu Fault during and following the 1999 (Mw = 7.5) Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan are reported. Three aspects of the hydrological changes are noticed. First, following the Chi‐Chi earthquake, the lower aquifers beneath the Choshui River fan showed a significant shift in isotopic composition towards that of the surface water in the Choshui River, suggesting enhanced exchanges of water between the river and the groundwater. Second, in some wells, water levels and isotopic compositions in different aquifers converged to the same respective values during the Chi‐Chi earthquake, suggesting coseismic exchanges of water between the different aquifers, which implies enhanced permeability due perhaps to the fracturing and breaching of aquitards between the aquifers. Third, the pattern of the coseismic water‐level response is distinctly different from that of the shift in the isotopic composition, suggesting that they were produced by different mechanisms.
Towards European Citizenship through Higher Education?
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ ÓSCAR
Published: March 2005

The purpose of this study, the first part of a recently concluded project, is to describe and analyse the perceptions that European university students have of European citizenship and to offer some insight into the term. Before describing our findings, we offer a brief review of the concept of citizenship, attempting to define it in the European context and showing how it can be attained, while demonstrating that, contrary to what one might expect, the concept is by no means easy to grasp, as young people do not have a clear idea of what Europe means or what Europe wants. Our results have implications for our understanding of European integration.
Comparative study of the physiological properties of collagen, gelatin and collagen hydrolysate as cosmetic materials
Authors: Li G. Y. , Fukunaga S. , Takenouchi K. , Nakamura F.
Published: March 2005

Synopsis

The cell biological properties of collagen, gelatin and collagen hydrolysate (<15 000 Da) were studied using murine keratinocytes. Keratinocyte culture experiments demonstrated that only collagen had significant effects on cell attachment and proliferation, but the results of cells cultured on gelatin and collagen hydrolysate showed the rates of adhesion and proliferation were similar to those of cells cultured on plastic as a control. It is concluded that collagen has better physiological effects than those of gelatin and collagen hydrolysate as skin‐care cosmetic materials.
A Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Analogue of Cross‐National Generalization of Personality Structure: Zoological Parks and an African Sanctuary
Authors: King James E. , Weiss Alexander , Farmer Kay H.
Published: March 2005

AbstractSix personality factors, including five resembling the human Big Five, had previously been identified in a separate group of zoo‐housed chimpanzees. Comparability of chimpanzee personality factor structure was examined in two highly contrasting habitats: zoos and a large African sanctuary. Questionnaires for the zoo chimpanzees were in English, while most for the chimpanzees in the sanctuary were in French. Differences between the two settings were sufficiently extensive to make them analogous to cross‐national human personality studies. Internal consistencies for five of the six factors did not differ between the two samples. The patterns of correlations between the unit‐weighted factors were also similar for the two samples. Data from these two samples were pooled and factor analyzed. The resulting factor structure was then rotated to the factor structure described in the original study of chimpanzee personality. Dominance, Extraversion, Dependability, and Agreeableness had high congruences. Emotionality and Openness did not, but the items that had the highest loadings were consistent with the factors' definitions. Finally, sex and age effects for all factors generalized across habitats.
Do People Know How Their Personality Has Changed? Correlates of Perceived and Actual Personality Change in Young Adulthood
Authors: Robins Richard W. , Noftle Erik E. , Trzesniewski Kali H. , Roberts Brent W.
Published: March 2005

Abstract
How much do we think our personality changes over time? How well do our perceptions of change correspond with actual personality change? Two hundred and ninety students completed measures of the Big Five personality traits when they first entered college. Four years later, they completed the same measures and rated the degree to which they believed they had changed on each dimension. Participants tended to view themselves as having changed substantially, and perceptions of change showed some correspondence with actual personality change. Perceived and actual change showed theoretically meaningful correlations with a host of variables related to different aspects of college achievement and adjustment.
Progressive‐Failure Analysis of Buildings Subjected to Abnormal Loading
Authors: Grierson D. E. , Xu L. , Liu Y.
Published: March 2005

Abstract:  This article presents a progressive‐failure analysis procedure to evaluate the performance of a building framework after it has been damaged by unexpected abnormal loading, such as an impact or blast load caused by a natural, accidental, or deliberate event, or as a result of human error in design and construction. To begin with, it is assumed that some type of short‐duration abnormal loading has already caused some form of local damage to the structure. The residual load‐carrying capacity of the remaining framework is then analyzed by incrementally applying the prevailing long‐term loads and any impact debris loads, and progressively tracing the strength deterioration of the structure until either a globally stable state is reached or progressive collapse occurs for part or all of the structure. The computer‐based procedure is based on the displacement method of analysis. The effect of both axial force and shear deformation on member and structure stiffness is accounted for in this article (Liu, 2004; Xu et al., 2004). The stiffness matrices for framework members account for elastic–plastic bending, shearing, and axial deformations, and are progressively updated under incrementally increasing loads through the use of degradation factors that characterize stiffness deterioration. The computational model allows the incremental analysis to proceed beyond loading levels at which structural instabilities occur, including the formation of plastic collapse mechanisms and the disengagement of members from the building superstructure. The progressive‐failure analysis procedure is quite general and, with the appropriate choice of material constitutive model, may be applied to building frameworks of any type (concrete, steel, composite, etc.). Herein, a constitutive model for structural steel is adopted to account for elastic–plastic behavior under single or combined forces, and the progressive‐failure analysis procedure is illustrated for two example planar steel moment frames.
Reserved Strength of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Masonry Walls
Authors: El Mezaini Nasreddin S.
Published: March 2005

Abstract:  The case of a six‐story reinforced concrete building that sustained the destruction of three columns is investigated. In this building, damage was limited to some cracks in the walls near the targeted zone. Other parts of the building remained intact. The building was analyzed using two different models. In one model, masonry walls were treated as nonstructural elements represented by applied loads. In the other model, walls were represented by membrane elements connected to concrete frames by link elements. Analysis was carried out for two cases, before and after damage. The study revealed that such buildings possess potential reserved strength. They have the ability to change their designated load path. The role of masonry walls is emphasized. In this case, masonry walls worked as a backup system that prevented major collapse of the building. It is estimated that, under normal conditions, masonry walls increase the building strength by 48%.
Building Design for Abnormal Loads and Progressive Collapse
Authors: Ellingwood Bruce R. , Dusenberry Donald O.
Published: March 2005

Abstract: A progressive collapse is a structural failure that is initiated by localized structural damage and subsequently develops, as a chain reaction, into a failure that involves a major portion of the structural system. The collapse of the Ronan Point Tower in Canning Town, London, United Kingdom in May, 1968 prompted numerous efforts to develop structural design criteria for progressive collapse resistance. A series of papers and reports appeared in the decade following the Ronan Point collapse, and attempts were made to implement provisions addressing progressive collapse and enhancing general structural integrity in codes and standards. Improved building practices and design procedures to control the likelihood of progressive collapse now are receiving heightened interest by engineers, architects, and standards organizations in the aftermath of the tragedy of September 11, 2001. Advances in the science underlying structural design and the development of structural reliability and risk analysis tools now permit design strategies that would have been considered infeasible 30 years ago. This article provides a critical appraisal of key research products that provide a basis for designing a structural system to withstand local damage without the development of a general structural collapse, and identifies strategies that currently are feasible to implement in the General Design Requirements in ASCE Standard 7, minimum design loads for buildings, and other structures. The article concludes with a discussion of research challenges to further enhancement of design practices, with particular emphasis on needed support for structural engineering analysis and design from advanced computation and information technologies.
Increased activity of factor VIII coagulant associated with venous ulcer in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome
Authors: Dissemond J , Knab J , Lehnen M , Goos M
Published: March 2005

Klinefelter's syndrome is the most frequent major abnormality of sexual differentiation in men with two or more X chromosomes. Recurrent venous ulcers as a result of a post‐thrombotic syndrome are a well known symptom in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. Until now the underlying pathomechanisms are not completely understood. Platelet hyperaggregability, factor V Leiden mutation and abnormalities in fibrinolysis were implicated as possible contributing factors. Here we describe the detection of an increased activity of factor VIII coagulant (factor VIII:C). This is the first case report on increased factor VIII:C activity associated with venous ulcers in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome. Elevated factor VIII plasma levels are gradually accepted to be associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism. Therefore, we discuss that the examination of factor VIII:C may help in clarifying individual thromboembolic risks, especially in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome.
Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma: a new case report
Authors: Blanco Barrios S , Rodríguez Díaz E , Alvarez Cuesta C , Galache Osuna C , Requena Caballero C , Martínez Merino A , Requena Caballero L , Kutzner H
Published: March 2005

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) was first described by Smith and Wilson‐Jones in 1985. It is an uncommon entity but probably underdiagnosed because of lack of recognition by clinicians and pathologists. We report a 47‐year‐old man with asymptomatic grouped violaceous papules on the dorsum of the hands for 3 years. The histopathological and immunopathological features of our case revealed characteristics of MCAH similar to the initial description of Smith and Wilson‐Jones and other reports.
Burnout and job satisfaction comparing healthcare staff of a dermatological hospital and a general hospital
Authors: Renzi C , Tabolli S , Ianni A , Di Pietro C , Puddu P
Published: March 2005

Background  Psychological distress among healthcare professionals can have negative effects on the well‐being of the professionals and also on the quality of care they provide to patients.

Objectives  To evaluate burnout and job satisfaction of dermatologists and nurses working with dermatological patients compared with physicians and nurses of other specialties.

Methods  A self‐completed anonymous questionnaire was distributed to the personnel of two hospitals in Rome, Italy: a dermatological hospital (IDI) and a general hospital (GH), belonging to the same non‐profit organization. Standardized instruments were used to assess burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and job satisfaction. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between burnout and working in dermatology vs. other specialties, job satisfaction, years of employment and respondents’ sex and age.

Results  We distributed 929 questionnaires to clinical and non‐clinical staff of IDI and 494 questionnaires to the GH staff (response rates: 53% at IDI and 50% at the GH). Among respondents there were 67 physicians and 59 nurses at IDI and 70 physicians and 148 nurses at the GH. Subsequent analyses refer only to this clinical subsample. Factor analysis showed that among physicians and nurses the two main factors explaining job satisfaction were respondents’‘satisfaction with the management of their unit’ and ‘opportunities for personal growth’. Among nurses the likelihood of burnout decreased significantly with higher levels of job satisfaction [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.7–0.9] and working in dermatology compared with other specialties (OR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.2–0.9). Among physicians a lower likelihood of burnout was associated with job satisfaction (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.5–0.8) and older age (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.1–0.8).

Conclusions  Among both physicians and nurses, job satisfaction was associated with a lower likelihood of burnout, independently of clinical specialty and other factors. Burnout was similar for dermatologists and other specialists. Nurses of the GH compared with those working in dermatology had a higher probability of burnout and were significantly less satisfied with the management of their units and with opportunities for personal growth.
Hypereosinophilic dermatitis‐like erythema annulare centrifugum in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Miljković J , Bartenjev I
Published: March 2005

A 65‐year‐old male presented with a history of disseminated erythema annulare centrifugum lesions and a high peripheral blood eosinophilia (55%). Histopathology of a lesion revealed a superficial and deep perivascular and interstitial inflammatory eosinophilic infiltrate. The bone marrow aspirate showed a heavy eosinophilic infiltrate. There was no evidence of any other systemic involvement except for bone marrow eosinophilia. The patient had a 6‐year history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The disease is in complete remission for the last 3 years. The clinical and histopathological findings in the reported patient correspond to the diagnosis of hypereosinophilic dermatitis. Topical treatment with corticosteroid creams was successful. The cutaneous lesions gradually resolved in 8 weeks, within 7 months the peripheral blood eosinophilia slowly declined from 55% to 7%.
Evaluation of nitrosative and oxidative stress in Behçet disease
Authors: Bekpinar S , Kiliç N , Ünlüçerçi Y , Akdag‐Köse A , Azizlerli G , Özbek‐Kir Z
Published: March 2005

Plasma nitrotyrosine and nitrite/nitrate levels as markers of nitrosative stress and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl as markers of oxidative stress were determined in patients with Behçet disease (BD). To evaluate the balance between oxidant and antioxidant systems in these patients, we measured erythrocyte lysate CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) activity, plasma sulfhydryl (SH) values and total antioxidant activity. We also determined levels of plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), a key marker of inflammation, and compared them with those of healthy subjects. We found plasma nitrotyrosine levels of BD patients to be increased, indicating that nitrosative stress may occur in these patients. Plasma MDA and CRP levels in BD patients were found to be significantly higher than those in control group. However, plasma SH levels were decreased. No changes were observed in the other measured parameters of the patient group compared with the controls. These data suggest the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) together with reactive oxygen substances (ROS) in the pathogenesis of BD.
Cluster Headache Without Autonomic Symptoms: Why Is It different?
Authors: Martins Isabel P. , Gouveia Raquel G. , Parreira Elsa
Published: March 2005

Background.—Some patients with otherwise typical cluster headache (CH) have persistent attacks free of cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS). The factors responsible for this atypical presentation are not known.

Objectives.—To identify factors associated to the absence of CAS in patients with CH.

Methods.—A prospective series of 157 patients with the diagnosis of CH was analyzed, comparing 148 typical CH patients with 9 CH patients without CAS.

Results.—Patients without CAS reported significantly less intense attacks (P= .003) when compared to those with CAS. There was also a tendency (not reaching statistical significance) for a higher frequency of females and chronic CH among those without CAS. Otherwise, there were no differences between the two groups (in age, duration of illness, follow‐up time, attack duration or frequency, nor side or site of pain). A logistic regression analysis showed that only pain intensity could explain the difference between the two groups, since the other explanatory variables were also associated with different intensity of attacks.

Conclusions.—These results support the hypothesis that CH without cranial autonomic symptoms represents a milder form of CH.
Phenotypic characterization and preclinical production of human lineage‐negative cells for regenerative stem cell therapy
Authors: Strunk Dirk , Rohde Eva , Lanzer Gerhard , Linkesch Werner
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: Regenerative stem cell therapy (SCT) is currently being tested in clinical trials. The ideal type and source of cells have not yet been defined. Lineage (Lin) depletion is an experimental procedure capable of enriching all recently recognized SC types with regenerative potency. This study was performed to define a practicable monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail for Lin depletion and to test whether clinical‐scale Lin depletion is possible.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MoAbs (CD2/14/15/19/41/56/glycophorin A) were selected to mark seven mature hematopoietic lineages. Lin7‐negative (Lin7NEG) cells were analyzed in peripheral blood (PB, n = 9), mobilized PB (MPB, n = 5), umbilical cord blood (UCB, n = 5), and marrow aspirates (BM, n = 4) by flow cytometry. Preclinical Lin depletion was tested with leukapheresis products from PB following good manufacturing practice (GMP) principles.

RESULTS: Lin7NEG cells comprised 0.23 ± 0.04, 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.53 ± 0.07, and 0.49 ± 0.03 percent of PB, MPB, UCB, and BM, respectively. Basophils, CD34+, and dendritic cells constituted the major Lin7NEG subpopulations (84 ± 2, 90 ± 3, 40 ± 3, and 80 ± 3% in PB, MPB, UCB, and BM, respectively). Minor populations included CD7– and CD45– cells. Preclinical CD2/14/15/19/56 (Lin5) depletion after automated red blood cell and platelet reduction resulted in up to a 16.7‐fold enrichment of CD34+ and CD34–/Lin5NEG cells.

CONCLUSIONS: A seven‐MoAb cocktail is sufficient to label more than 99 percent of nucleated cells in PB, MPB, UCB, and BM. Preclinical Lin depletion can be performed under GMP conditions from PB apheresis procedures.
Chemical compounds that target thiol‐disulfide groups on mononuclear phagocytes inhibit immune mediated phagocytosis of red blood cells
Authors: Rampersad Gregory C. , Suck Garnet , Sakac Darinka , Fahim Soad , Foo Alison , Denomme Gregory A. , Langler Richard F. , Branch Donald R.
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: Patients having immune cytopenias produce antibodies that target hematopoietic cells resulting in their phagocytosis and intracellular destruction. Early reports suggested that phagocytosis could be inhibited by interfering with membrane thiol (SH) groups on phagocytes. Thus, whether chemical compounds that interact with SH or disulfide (SS) groups on mononuclear phagocytes can inhibit phagocytosis of antibody‐coated cells was examined.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A monocyte monolayer assay (MMA), which examines the in vitro monocyte‐macrophage (Mφ) interaction with anti‐Rh(D)‐coated red cells (RBCs), was used to study the ability of different SH and SS chemicals to inhibit the Fc receptor–mediated phagocytosis of sensitized RBCs. The compounds examined included thimerosal, dithiothreitol (DTT), pentane‐1‐thiol, and two recently described SH and two SS chemicals that have been synthesized.

RESULTS: All compounds were found to be able to inhibit phagocytosis to varying degrees correlating to the structure of the molecule. In general, those compounds that interact with free SH groups to inhibit phagocytosis were found better than SH‐containing compounds that interact with SSs. Thimerosal and p‐nitrophenyl methyl disulfide were the most effective compounds inhibiting phagocytosis. Both chemicals showed greater than 50 percent inhibition at concentrations as low as 10−9 mol per L. DTT was the least effective compound tested. Only thimerosal showed significant toxicity, as determined by decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, but only at concentrations of 10−8 mol per L. The effect of chemical treatment was on attachment rather than on phagocytosis itself. Fcγ receptor–independent endocytosis was not affected by the chemical treatment.

CONCLUSION: These studies indicate that pharmacologic strategies that target SH groups on mononuclear phagocytes may have future efficacy for the treatment of immune cytopenias.
Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells are a potential source of parvovirus B19 infection
Authors: Arnold Donald M. , Neame Peter B. , Meyer Ralph M. , Soamboonsrup Praniti , Luinstra Kathy E. , O'Hoski Pamela , Garner Jane , Foley Ronan
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 is a cause of delayed red blood cell (RBC) engraftment after marrow transplantation (BMT). The diagnosis of parvovirus infection requires serologic and DNA testing in the context of clinical disease and characteristic marrow morphologic findings; however, the source of infection is often difficult to determine.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Investigation of a case of delayed RBC engraftment and pure RBC aplasia (PRCA) occurring 3 months after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation in a patient with high‐risk diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. DNA testing of serum and of a sample of cryopreserved PBPCs was performed.

RESULTS: Marrow morphology showed a maturational arrest of erythroid cells with giant proerythroblasts. Polymerase chain reaction and nucleic acid hybridization confirmed the presence of parvovirus DNA in the serum and in a sample of sequestered PBPCs saved at the time of PBPC harvest. PRCA resolved after the administration of intravenous immune globulin.

CONCLUSION: Autologous PBPCs are a potential source of parvovirus infection, which may cause significant disease after autologous BMT.
Statherin levels in saliva of patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity: a preliminary report
Authors: Contucci AM , Inzitari R , Agostino S , Vitali A , Fiorita A , Cabras T , Scarano E , Messana I
Published: March 2005

Objective:  The aim of this study was to measure concentration of human salivary statherin in patients with oral cavity pathologies and salivary gland diseases.

Subjects and methods:  Levels of statherin were analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in following groups of subjects: group A: 24 patients with neoplastic diseases of salivary glands, group B: 13 patients with inflammatory lesions of salivary glands, group C: 13 patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity excluding salivary gland tumors, group D: 20 healthy volunteers (control group).

Results:  Our preliminary data indicated a sensible reduction of the statherin level in the saliva of patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity (group C) compared with the healthy subjects (group D). The statherin levels are not significantly reduced either in the inflammatory (group B) or in the salivary glands tumours (group A), compared with the healthy subjects (group D).

Conclusion:  Statherin could play a protective effect in oral cavity in association with its other functions.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Smolka W , Eggensperger N , Stauffer‐Brauch EJ , Brekenfeld C , Iizuka T
Published: March 2005

A case of a 74‐year‐old woman with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is presented. This disease rarely involves the TMJ and is not usually considered in the differential diagnosis of TMJ disorders. To our knowledge, only 23 cases have been reported in the literature and only four without any destructive changes of the condyle as in the present case.
Effects of training on odor judges scoring intensity
Authors: Nachnani S , Majerus G , Lenton P , Hodges J , Magallanes E
Published: March 2005

Objective: This pilot study was intended to test whether a training protocol improved validity of odor judges (OJs), with or without experience, and whether odorant types differed in error proneness.

Methods: The OJs (four experienced, two inexperienced) completed a 4‐phase training protocol based on the American Society of Testing and Materials standards (ASTM): (i) introduction to sensory scales, n‐butanol reference, sniffing techniques; (ii) pretraining measurements; 20 samples of varying intensities of four unpleasant and three pleasant odorants; (iii) exercises assessing quality, intensity, ranking, and matching; and (iv) post‐training measurements.

Main outcome measures: Subjects’ intensity scores were analyzed as the absolute difference from the ‘true’ intensity (ASTM n‐butanol standard) using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: Training significantly (P = 0.02) reduced OJ errors. Experienced and novice judges did not differ in average errors (P = 0.99), or in improvement in error from pre‐ to post‐training (P = 0.94). Improvement was consistent from pre‐ to post‐training for all odorants except dimethylsulfide for which errors worsened (P = 0.01). Unpleasant and pleasant odorants differed (P = 0.006) in error. After removing water the effects of water control scores from the pleasant odorants, the difference was not significant (P = 0.26).

Conclusions: The OJs improved in their ability to assess odor intensity irrespective of previous experience. Training is recommended for all OJs prior to research trials.
Creation of oral care flavours to deliver breath‐freshening benefits
Authors: Bradshaw DJ , Perring KD , Cawkill PM , Provan AF , McNulty DA , Saint EJ , Richards J , Munroe MJ , Behan JM
Published: March 2005

Objective:  Oral care products deliver breath freshening primarily via mechano‐chemical cleaning or by antimicrobial active systems. Dental flavours provide taste benefits, and freshen breath mainly by sensorial masking. We aimed to determine whether flavours could deliver breath freshening in products by inhibiting bacterial volatile sulphide compound (VSC) production.

Subjects and methods:  Flavour materials were screened for inhibition of hydrogen sulphide formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro, grouped by efficacy, and data provided to flavourists. Flavours were formulated to maximize the content of VSC‐effective ingredients and re‐screened to confirm performance. Extensive, iterative testing of flavours identified reliable creative rules to deliver efficient inhibition of H2S generation. Breath‐freshening flavours in whole products were then tested in‐house in a ‘breath freshness panel’.

Main outcome measures:  Malodour of panellists (not preselected for malodour score) was scored before and after product use, on the ‘Rosenberg’ 0–5 scale, together with residual flavour score, by extensively trained judges. Products were tested in double‐blind, crossover studies, and results analysed using ANOVA.

Results and conclusions:  Products flavoured using these rules delivered significantly greater breath freshening at 2 h than control products, and equivalent benefits to products containing 0.1% (w/w) triclosan or 0.2% (w/w) zinc sulphate.
O1  The ADA guidelines on oral malodor products
Authors: Wozniak W
Published: March 2005

This presentation will concern the following: The ADA Acceptance Program, its history and value to ADA members and consumers, procedures for submission of products and role of ADA Council on Scientific Affairs, development of ADA Guidelines for Acceptance of Products, and finally the development of the Guidelines for Products for the Management of Oral Malodor.