bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUTBOLDA 4V4 DAR ALAN OYUNLARINA VERİLEN PSİKOLOJİK VE BİLİŞSEL CEVAPLAR
Authors: SOYLU Yusuf
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı formatlarda oynatılan 4v4 dar alan oyunlarına verilen ruh hali, algılanan zihinsel yük ve zihinsel çaba cevaplarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 24 amatör futbolcu (yaş: 17,8 ± 5,1) katılmıştır. Araştırmada, kalecili, küçük kaleli ve topa sahip olma oyunlarını içeren 3 farklı formatta 4v4 dar alan oyunu oynatılmıştır. Oyuncular Yo-Yo Aralıklı Toparlanma Testi Seviye 1 skorlarına göre takımlara ayrılarak, 4 set, 4 dakika ve setler arası 2 dakika dinlenme olacak şekilde oyunlara katılmışlardır. Brunel Ruh Hali cevapları bütün oyunlar öncesinde ve sonrasında, NASA-TLX ve Zihinsel Çaba skorları da oyunlar sırasında ve sonrasında toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, kalecili oyunda bitkinlik ve dinçlik ruh hallerinde, küçük kaleli oyunda bitkinlik, depresiflik ve dinçlik ve topa sahip olma oyunda ise bitkinlik, kızgınlık ve dinçlik ruh hali cevaplarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür (p
Diagnostic efficacy cell block method of transthoracic fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Santi Nur , Wasita Brian , Rima Ana , Kurniawan Hendra
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLung cancer is still the main cause of cancer deaths. The high lung cancer mortality rate is caused by a diagnosis factor or therapy selection. The cell block cytology technique using fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples can provide immunocytochemical material that plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer subtypes and in determining immunotherapy administration. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic FNA (TTFNA) cell block cytology in comparison with bronchial washing smears and TTFNA smears in diagnosing lung cancer.
MethodsThis was a cross-sectional diagnostic study involving 26 subjects. All subjects had undergone bronchial washing and CT scan-guided fine needle aspiration followed by cell block preparation. Both direct FNA smears and cell blocks are useful in the diagnostic work-up of patients. Comparative statistical analysis of TTFNA cell block versus bronchial washing smear and TTFNA smear cytology was carried out using the McNemar test.
ResultsLung cancer was found in 15 patients (57.7%) using the TTFNA cell block technique. The sensitivity and specificity of the TTFNA cell block technique were 85.7% and 75%, respectively. There was no difference in the positivity value between TTFNA cell block technique of bronchial wash smear technique, and TTFNA smear on lung cancer diagnosis (p>0.05).
ConclusionsTransthoracic fine-needle aspiration in combination with the cell block technique has good sensitivity and specificity. The TTFNA can be used for immunocytochemical examinations in lung cancer diagnosis and therapy. This approach is valuable for providing individualized treatment and prognostic evaluations.
The diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient to differentiate benign and malignant meningiomas
Authors: Marissa Risa , Rahayu Rachmi Fauziah , Wujoso Hari , Subandi Subandi , Putro Prasetyo Sarwono , Soewondo Widiastuti
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUNDMeningiomas are the most common primary extra-axial non-glial intracranial tumors. The severe grade of meningioma, according to WHO, has the highest recurrence rate accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, it is imperative to perform pre-operative assessments so the clinician can give prompt treatment to gain a better prognosis. It is a novel alternative way of predicting meningioma’s malignancy by calculating the tumor’s apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. The objective of the study was to determine the value of ADC for differentiating benign and malignant meningiomas.
METHODSThis cross-sectional study involved 32 subjects with clinically diagnosed or histologically verified meningioma (21 benign and 11 malignant). They underwent a head-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and biopsy. We calculated the ADC value by creating regions of interest (ROIs) on the solid part of the tumor, guided by contrast and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. We analyzed the ADC value with independent t-test and Bland-Altman graphs, calculated the average difference, CI 95%, limit of agreement between observers, and ROC.
RESULTSMean ADC of malignant meningiomas (0.877 ± 0.167 x 10-3 mm2/s) was significantly lower than that of benign meningiomas (0.990 ± 0.105 x 10-3 mm2/s) (p<0.05). The ADC threshold is 0.886 x 10-3 mm2/s with sensitivity 63.6%, specificity 85.7%, positive predictive value 70% and negative predictive value 81.8%.
CONCLUSIONThe ADC value measurement provides a discriminative feature to differentiate between benign and malignant meningiomas. However, the clinical applicability still needs to be elucidated, as histopathological confirmation remains the mainstay of definitive diagnosis.
Blood cell count is not a significant predictor of survival in bladder cancer after radical cystectomy
Authors: Andy Andy , Prapiska Fauriski Febrian , Siregar Ginanda Putra , Warli Syah Mirsya , Sihombing Bungaran
Published: August 2021

BackgroundRadical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. A predictive factor is needed for the aggressive approach as it could lead to overtreatment. Elevated blood cell count (BCC) markers are reported to have a significant association with poor outcomes in several types of malignancy. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are well-known inexpensive and effective representative markers of inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to determine the BCC as a predictive factor of overall survival (OS) in patients with bladder carcinoma (BC) after RC.
MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 26 patients who had undergone RC. The demographic characteristics and BCC markers such as hemoglobin (Hb). NLR, PLR and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) were collected. The patients were categorized based on the BCC marker value (³ median and < median). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was done to determine overall survival (OS) on BCC markers. The association between patient demographics and one-year survival was also determined using Mantel-Cox (Log-rank) method.
ResultsAmong the 26 patients, the mean age was 55.6 ± 12.9 years. On univariate analysis, none of the demographic characteristics was found to be a significant predictor of one-year and overall survival (p>0.05). Hemoglobin, NLR, PLR and LMR were not significant predictors of one-year survival and OS (p>0.05).
ConclusionsThe BCC was not a significant predictive factor of survival in patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy.
Pulmonary embolism in a 51-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Indra Dewi Triwedya , Hasan Melawati , Fathini Fathy
Published: August 2021

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem both in terms of the number of patients and the cost of treatment. Chronic kidney disease seems to be the main driver of pulmonary embolism (PE) in dialysis patients. The diagnosis of PE is difficult due to its non-specific signs and symptoms, especially in many comorbidities with similar features. Chronic kidney disease plays a role in both the incidence of venous thromboembolism and the manifestations of pulmonary hypertension, resulting in an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Advances in the management of patients with suspected PE have improved diagnostic accuracy. An approach using several diagnostic tools with different characteristics, such as D-dimer measurement, and imaging tests-predominantly computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) - can help evaluate the diagnosis.
Case DescriptionHere we report the case of a 51-year-old woman with a history of chronic kidney disease, who presented with sudden worsening of dyspnea. Further examination showed signs of right heart failure with a high probability of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography. Based on the general features it is difficult to distinguish between acute pulmonary embolism and chronic pulmonary hypertension, both of which can be caused by the underlying chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, gold standard imaging using CTPA confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, with underlying pulmonary hypertension from chronic kidney disease.
ConclusionsThe diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with comorbidities is challenging. The availability of diagnostic modalities will confer different advantages and particular accuracy to meet the challenges in diagnosis.
Chronic limb ischemia manifestation in COVID-19 infection: awareness and treatment in primary care
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Siregar Reynaldo Halomoan , Kusharsamita Hillary
Published: August 2021

Chronic limb ischemia (CLI) is a type of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is still underdiagnosed and undertreated despite the increasing incidence, thus becoming a global health burden. And CLI reflects the local manifestations of a lethal systemic disease — atherosclerosis. If left untreated, chronic limb ischemia can result in major limb loss. In this pandemic era, limb ischemia has become one of several clinical manifestations that occur in patients with COVID-19 infection. Systemic inflammation in COVID-19 infection, direct viral infection, hypercoagulable state, and hyperinflammatory response are responsible for damage to the arterial system, causing endothelial dysfunction. Diagnosing PAD has become a challenge especially in the early stage and in the asymptomatic phase. The untreated condition could lead to the development of CLI. The primary physicians in the primary health facilities hold an important role in the early diagnosis and management of patients with CLI symptoms or with risk factors of CLI, especially in patients who have experienced COVID-19 infection. Due to the limitation of diagnostic testing modalities at primary health facilities, the physician can assess the ankle-brachial index (ABI) to determine the presence of CLI. Management of the disease is different for every patient and is customized based on the other comorbidities. Risk factors should be controlled in order to achieve a better outcome. A good management strategy will improve the quality of life of the patient. This review will discuss the occurrence of CLI in COVID-19 infection.
Role of herbs for elevating immunity against SARS-CoV-2: a concise review
Authors: Anand Aashima , Saraswat Juhi , Patel Rajan
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 has emerged as a dreadful pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. Though the number of patients recovering from infection is encouraging, sturdy cure is still being researched upon and the effective vaccines are yet to be rigidly resolute. COVID-19 has so far instigated a massive loss of lives globally and even the countries with the most advanced healthcare systems have come under its grasp. Health experts suggest in such case “Prevention is better than cure” which includes an appropriate daily lifestyle and a rugged immune system that could help mankind surmount this peril. This review highlights the importance of influential herbs and their medicinal significance. Biomedical articles were explored from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science for the period of 2010-2021. Guidelines from the Ministry of Ayush (India) were also considered. The Ayurveda does not mention any cure for the novel coronavirus; however, it emphasizes the means of boosting one’s immunity. Accordingly, this article highlights some of the role of prevalent Ayurvedic herbs in promoting immunity for combating the novel coronavirus. The herbs in combination with drugs could be utilized for the sake of curtailing the side effects as well as the malefic repercussions of strong synthetic drugs used for treating COVID-19 patients, which would be a paramount leap in the field of Ayurveda as well as western-style medicine. However, the beneficial effects of these traditional medicines and their clinical trials remained to be known. We reviewed the latest updates on traditional medicines proposed for promoting immunity towards COVID-19.
Response to mutation and variants of the SARS-CoV-2 gene
Authors: Parwanto M.L. Edy
Published: August 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, our society has come to understand that the cause is the Corona Virus (2019-nCoV) or more popularly known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).  It has become a reality that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have died. We need to record new cases of COVID-19 in other countries, namely the UK and Germany at the end of 2020. This needs to be conveyed because both countries are showing high new cases of COVID-19. The high number of new cases of COVID-19 in the UK and Germany is thought to be related with gene mutation that resulted new strain of SARS-CoV-2. It has been reported in the UK on December 2020 that SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations resulted in a new variant called VUI-202012/01 (Variant Under Investigation, year 2020, month 12, variant 01). The British government implemented new lockdowns for England and Scotland to deal with the spread of the new VUI-202012/01 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Recent news reports that the Government of Germany is extending lockdowns on its territory until January 31th 2021. The policy regarding the prohibition of foreigners entering Indonesia in relation to the emergence of a new variant of the corona virus in the UK is regulated in the Indonesia COVID-19 Task Force Circular Letter No.4 2020. Temporary entry restriction for Foreigners to Indonesia 1-14 january 2021.
Low COVID-19-related practice increases the risk of poor health literacy in international students
Authors: Sevinc Nergiz , Korkut Burcu
Published: August 2021

Background Health literacy (HL) is the ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information, making it crucial for navigating coronavirus and COVID-19 information environments. The objective of this study was to determine the health literacy of international students who could not return to their countries after announcement of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and their perspective and behavior about COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 399 international students. A 73-item questionnaire consisting of health literacy (23 items), knowledge, attitude and practice about Covid-19 (37 items), and sociodemographic characteristics (13 items) was answered by the students. The relationship between the HL score and various variables was determined using univariate and multiple binary logistic regression. Results Of the 399 international students, 322 (80.7%) participated. The HL of the international students was found to be poor (78.0%) and good (22.0%). Participants’ COVID-19-related behaviors: 8.4% of the participants’ knowledge level was good, and 38.5% had high COVID-19 related practice. Multivariate models showed that HL was independently and significantly associated with COVID-19 related practice (OR= 6.27; 95% CI: 2.45 - 15.79; p=0.000). ConclusionThis study revealed that international students’ HL was poor and that low COVID-19 related practice increased the risk of low HL in international students. According to the findings, further efforts should be made to enhance levels of HL and COVID-19-related behavior of international students.
Mother's hand tool as a skin-to-skin contact simulation instrument decreases pain levels in newborns
Authors: Ceylantekin Yesim , Duman Nuriye Buyukkayaci , Ocalan Dilek , Topuz Senay , Ucar Betul Yildiz
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUNDSensory stimulation activates the gate control mechanism, raises the level of beta endorphins, and the secretion of beta endorphins increases the pain threshold, reducing or eliminating the feeling of pain. It has been reported that skin-to-skin contact or sensual stimulation reduces stress, pain and crying time in newborns. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the mother’s hand tool (MHT) - developed by the researchers for three purposes: touch, positioning and vibration - on pain levels in newborns.
METHODSA quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 52 newborns aged 0-15 days who were being treated in the neonatal intensive care unit. The MHT was applied to support the newborn and was applied 8 times in 24 hours for 3 minutes in total. Demographic data collection form (DDCF), neonatal evaluation form (NEF) to assess the respiratory rate, pulse rate, SPO2 and CO2 level, and neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) were used to collect data. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to analyse the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTSAfter the MHT application, it was revealed that there was a significant difference in pulse rate (p=0.000), SPO2 level (p=0.029), CO2 level (p=0.000) and NIPS pain scores (hour 6,9,12,15,18, and 24) and total NIPS (p=0.000) pain scores, before and after MHT practice.
CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that MHT application to the newborns had a decreasing effect on pain level, heart rate, CO2 level, and an increasing effect on SPO2 level.
Morphological Parameters of the Myocardium in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats upon Administration of Propylthiouracil
Authors: Pobelensky Konstantin O , Kolot Nataliya V , Protsenko Elena S , Legach Evgen I , Bozhok Galyna A
Published: August 2021

The morphological changes in myocardial tissue in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) occurring after administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) were assessed in the project. PTU at a concentration of 0.1% was given to the animals with drinking water for 47 days. After the end of the experiment, the morphological parameters of cardiomyocytes, the density of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the myocardium, and the average area of the lumen of veins were examined. The progressive development of dystrophic processes in the myocardium was established against the background of PTU intake, which was characterized by a decrease in the cardiomyocyte density and an increase in the volume of connective tissue, venous congestion, and expansion of the lumen of veins.
Transferência de Controle Contextual (Cfunc) de Múltiplas Funções Derivadas via Relações de Equivalência
Authors: De Azevedo Sunna P. , Perez William F. , Vichi Christian
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo investigou a transferência de controle contextual funcional (Cfunc) de múltiplas funções derivadas via relações de equivalência. Quatro adultos participaram da pesquisa. Inicialmente, foram estabelecidas duas redes baseadas em relações de equivalência: A1B1C1D1E1 e A2B2C2D2E2. Em seguida, duas funções distintas, uma estabelecida por reforçamento positivo (pressão à tecla) e uma por reforçamento negativo (clique em um botão), foram estabelecidas na presença dos estímulos B (B1 e B2) e contextualmente controladas pela cor de fundo no qual tais estímulos eram apresentados (Azul/B1 → clicar botão, Amarelo/B1 → pressionar Z, Azul/B2 → pressionar Z, Amarelo/B2 → clicar botão). Testes de transferência de função apresentaram estímulos equivalentes aos estímulos do conjunto B (no caso, D1 e D2) nas mesmas cores de fundo (e.g., Azul/D1 → clicar botão, Amarelo/D1 → pressionar Z), documentando o controle contextual de múltiplas funções derivadas. Em uma fase subsequente, as cores de fundo inicialmente estabelecidas como dicas contextuais funcionais foram relacionadas como equivalentes à padrões de linha (Azul = Vertical; Amarelo = Horizontal). A transferência da função contextual Cfunc foi verificada substituindo as cores de fundo pelos padrões de linha durante a apresentação dos estímulos dos conjuntos B e D (e.g., Vertical/B1 → clicar botão, Horizontal/B1 → pressionar Z). Discute-se as implicações do controle contextual de múltiplas funções derivadas e a transferência da função Cfunc para uma abordagem comportamental da linguagem e da cognição.
A Teoria das Molduras Relacionais (RFT) e a Linguística de Noam Chomsky: uma aproximação possível?
Authors: Cebria Jaume Ferran Aran , De Oliveira Gleice Magalhães
Published: August 2021

A “Resenha” do “Comportamento Verbal”, de B. F. Skinner, publicada por Noam Chomsky em 1959, criou uma cisão profunda e duradoura entre a Linguística e a Análise do Comportamento. Considerando as mudanças no estudo da linguagem trazidas pela Teoria das Molduras Relacionais (RFT) e a disposição explícita da Ciência Comportamental Contextual para colaborar com outras áreas do conhecimento, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar a possibilidade de diálogo, identificando convergências e divergências, entre a Linguística de matriz chomskyana e a RFT. Diversos pontos de convergência entre ambas perspectivas foram encontrados, a maioria dos quais não seriam possíveis partindo dos pressupostos skinnerianos. Contudo, profundas divergências, principalmente de ordem epistemológica, persistem ainda. Portanto, apesar das aproximações mencionadas, não é claro como poderia ser articulada uma colaboração significativa e produtiva para ambas abordagens.
​Effect of Mulching on Crop Production under Rainfed Condition: A Review
Authors: . Shilpa , Sharma Parveen , Bijalwan Priyanka
Published: August 2021

As the population of India is continuously rising so we have to adopt some means of sustaining our agricultural growth and it can be done through conservation farming. The best way out is the adoption of the age old practice of mulching in our agricultural fields. Mulching is an agricultural and horticultural technique in which the use of organic materials and synthetic materials for the purpose of increasing soil productivity is involved. In rainfed area, judicious use of water is essential for improving crop productivity. Therefore, mulching has been advocated as an effective means for conserving soil moisture. This technique is very useful in protecting the roots of the plants from heat, cold or drought or to keep fruit free from diseases and insect pests. Mulching is an old age technique to conserve soil moisture, checks evaporation, check the weed growth, moderate soil temperature and provide congenial microclimatic conditions for plant growth and development. This technology is a boon for the horticulture crops not only for increasing growth, development, yield but also a method for soil and water conservation. This review paper deals with the various effects of mulching on plants, soil as well as on soil microflora. This technology has brought a great revolution in the agriculture especially for water conservation and proves to be a fastest growing plasticultural technique in the world.
Effect of Date of Transplanting on Growth and Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars
Authors: Mann Pardeep Kaur , Dhillon Balwinder Singh
Published: August 2021

Background: In central Punjab, the primary cause of depleting underground water is early transplantation of long-duration rice varieties. Because of their growth in rainy days and early maturity, the cultivation of medium-duration varieties in the low evaporation period can help to migrate the over draft of underground water. Methods: The field experiment entitled “Effect of date of transplanting on growth and productivity of the rice (Oriza sativa L.) cultivars” was conducted at Research Farm of University College of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda to study the impact of date of transplanting on growth and productivity of the rice cultivars during kharif season in 2019. The trail was laid out in split plot design with three dates of transplanting (June 15, June 25 and July 5) in main plot and three rice cultivars (PR 122, PR 126 and PUSA 44) in sub plot, replicated thrice. Result: Transplanting on 15 June crop recorded significantly higher plant height at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest viz. 67.4, 110.0 and 122.6 cm respectively; number of tillers at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest viz. 59.4, 58.2 and 46.2 respectively; leaf area index (LAI) at 60 DAT (3.1); dry matter accumulation (DMA) at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest viz. 8.5, 26.7 and 132.6 q/ha respectively; number of days taken to panicle initiation (57.6); number of days taken for 50 per cent flowering (64.1); effective tillers per meter row length (38.6); panicle length (26.1 cm); panicle weight (6.1 g); number of grains per panicle (177.9); 1000-grain weight (31.0g); grain yield (72.2 q/ha); straw yield (161.1 q/ha); harvest index (33.4%). The grain yield was at par with June 25. Among the cultivars, PUSA 44 recorded significantly higher plant height at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest viz. 70.6, 117.4 and 128.6 cm respectively; number of tillers at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest viz. 65.0, 60.3 and 50.4 respectively; leaf area index (LAI) at 60 DAT (3.4); dry matter accumulation (DMA) at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest viz. 9.5, 31.3 and 153.4 q/ha respectively; number of days taken to panicle initiation (65.2); number of days taken for 50 per cent flowering (68.7); effective tillers per meter row length (43.2); panicle length (27.5 cm); panicle weight (6.5 g); number of grains per panicle (195.7); 1000-grain weight (34.7g); grain yield (80.1 q/ha); straw yield (181.2 q/ha); harvest index (34.1%). June 15 transplanting produced significantly higher grain yield which was 1.5 and 6.4% higher than June 25 and July 5 transplanting respectively. PUSA 44 produced significantly higher grain yield which was 27.3 and 17.4% higher than PR 126 and PR 122 respectively. All the interaction effect of date of transplanting and rice cultivars recorded non-significant results.
Effect of Sulphur Levels on Growth, Yield Parameters, Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Quality and Economics of Sunflower: A Review
Authors: Ramamoorthy P. , Ariraman R. , Suvain K.K. , Selvakumar S. , Karthikeyan M.
Published: August 2021

Sunflower is an important crop cultivated all over world owing to its versatile nature of adaptation to different agro-climatic and soil conditions. In India sunflower gains momentum as an edible oil and ranks fourth substantially by reducing the shortage of vegetable oil. Nutritionally sunflower oil benefits human due to presence of high linoleic acid content and absence of linolenic acid content. The productivity is lower due to different factors among which nutrient management especially sulphur that plays pivot role in governing the growth, yield and quality of sunflower. Sulphur contains aminoacids viz., cystein, methionine, cystine, vitamins B, biotin and thiamine. The protolytic enzymes aids in improving the oil content, protein content and quality of seeds by sulphur supplement. Extensive investigations of research scientist on sulphur levels were critically reviewed. Application of sulphur at 40 to 60 kg ha-1 was found to increase the growth and yield attributes, yield, quality as well as higher benefit cost ratio sustaining the livelihood of sunflower growers.
​Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Portunus trituberculatus in the Northern East China Sea based on Different Modelling Approaches
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Wang Jing , Liu Ya , Wang Yingbin
Published: August 2021

Background: Portunus trituberculatus is an important economic crab in the East China Sea. With the increase of tonnage and power of offshore fishing vessels, fishing intensity also increases, which has caused great pressure on P. trituberculatus resources. Protecting P. trituberculatus and achieving sustainable utilisation of resources are urgent problems that need to be solved. Therefore, protection and rational development of P. trituberculatus resources are important to accurately understand its spatial and temporal distribution. Methods: In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution predictive models of P. trituberculatus in the northern East China Sea were built on the basis of three analysis methods (generalised additive model [GAM], random forest [RF] and artificial neural network [ANN]) using bottom trawl survey data and environmental data from 2006 to 2007. The fitting and prediction performances of these three models were compared. Result: Season and sea bottom temperature were the most important factors on the distribution of P. trituberculatus. The fitting performance of ANNs was better than those of GAMs and RFs, but its predictive performance was worse than those of GAMs and RFs. Therefore, RFs was the appropriate model in predicting the distribution of P. trituberculatus in the northern East China Sea. The abundance of P. trituberculatus was significantly higher in summer than in other seasons (P less than 0.01) and generally higher in the northern part of the study area than in the southern part in all seasons.
A Study on Some Serum Biological Constituents during Different Days of Normal Oestrous Cycle of Manipuri Pony Mares
Authors: Linda Ningthoukhongjam , Ahmed Fazal Ali , Chaudhary J.K. , Ali Mohammad Ayub , Gali Jagan Mohanarao
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the serum biochemical (glucose, cholesterol, total protein, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) and hormonal constituents (estrogen and progesterone) in female Manipuri pony mares during the different days of oestrous cycle. Methods: A total of 50 numbers of blood samples were collected from 10 numbers of apparently healthy, non-pregnant on the different days of oestrous cycle i.e. day 0, 4, 8, 14 and 18 by using commercial diagnostic kits. Result: The mean serum levels of glucose, cholesterol and phosphorus were found to be non-significant on the different days of oestrous cycle whereas the mean serum level of total protein and calcium was found significantly different (P less than 0.01). The serum magnesium level differed significantly (P less than 0.05) amongst the different days of oestrous cycle. Both estrogen and progesterone were also found to be significant (P less than 0.01) between the different days of oestrous cycle. The results showed significant influence on serum biochemical and hormonal assay during different days of oestrous cycle in female Manipuri pony.
​Bioactive Compounds from Selected Fruits Improve Quality and Oxidative Stability of Wallago attu Fish Nuggets
Authors: Vidyarthi Awlesh Kumar , Biswas Subhasish , Banerjee Rituparna , Patra Gopal , Mahapatra Gargi , Waghaye Pankaj , Patel Raj Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background: This study determined the potential of fruit powder as natural preservatives in fish nuggets and indicated that fruit powder can successfully be incorporated in them without altering their acceptability. Additionally, a comparative study was carried out to find which fruit powder has the best antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, contributing towards the stability of the nuggets. Methods: The guava (Psidium guajava L.) powder, bael (Aegle marmelos L.) pulp powder and dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus L.) peel powders were incorporated at the rate of 1.5% (w/w) respectively in fish nuggets and its effects on various physico-chemical, textural and sensory attributes of products were evaluated against control. Result: Incorporation of fruit powder significantly (P less than 0.05) increased emulsion stability, cooking yield, moisture, fat and protein percentage. Textural attributes were improved in treated nuggets, however overall acceptability scores were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher for control as adjudged by the panelists. Fruit powder was found to slow down the lipid peroxidation of fish nuggets, as measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. They also maintained the microbial stability of nuggets upto 10 days during refrigerated storage (4±1°C).
Effects of Propofol and Ketamine as Induction Agent to Isoflurane and as Continuous Rate Infusion on Haematobiochemical Parameters in Dogs Premedicated with Glycopyrrolate, Dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol
Authors: Bayan Hitesh , Sarma Kushal Konwar , Rao Gutti Dhananjaya , Kalita Dwijen , Dutta Devojyoti , Phukan Aarabinda
Published: August 2021

Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of propofol and ketamine as induction agent to isoflurane and as continuous rate infusion on haematobiochemical parameters in dogs premedicated with glycopyrrolate, dexmedetomidine and butorphenol. Methods: Twenty four animals were randomly divided into four Groups (A, B, C and D) comprising six animals in each. All the animals were premedicated with glycopyrrolate, dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol. Induction was done with propofol in group A and B and with ketamine in group C and D. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in group A and C and with propofol and ketamine continuous rate infusion in group B and D, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0(before premedication), 20, 40 and 60 min (during maintenance) to evaluate different haematobiochmical parameters. Result: The haemoglobin levels decreased in all the groups but significantly in Group C and Group D. The total erythrocyte count decreased in all the groups with significant change in Group D. The TLC, PCV, platelet, lymphocyte and monocyte count decreased non-significantly. The neutrophil, granulocyte count in all the groups increased non-significantly over the different observation period. The serum glucose and LDH increased significantly in all the groups. The GGT, alkaline phosphatise, BUN and serum creatinine increased non-significantly in all the groups.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) based Metabolomics of Promising Chickpea Genotypes against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)
Authors: Reddy M.S. Sai , Agnihotri Meena , Divija S.D. , Belal Babita , Karthik Somala
Published: August 2021

Background: The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is one of the main biotic threats to chickpea in both field and storage in the world. The evaluation of chickpea genotypes for pulse beetle resistance has increased motivation for the identification and application of host plant resistance as a critical component of pest management. Methods: In the present study, different chickpea genotypes were evaluated under laboratory conditions to identify the antixenosis, antibiosis and GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics of promising chickpea genotypes to the C. chinensis. Result: Genotype NBeG1004 (36.61 eggs/100 seeds) was less prone to egg laying, while ICCV14872 (180.45 eggs/100 seeds) was the most preferred. However, maximal developmental periods, minimum per cent adult emergence and growth index was observed in ICCV92944 Genotype HC1 showed substantial resistance with maximum phenolic, flavonoid and protease inhibitors content. The results revealed that presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) in HC1 conferred resistance to C. chinensis. These results show assurance for incorporation into an IPM program against C. chinensis.
Ethical issues in Cocoa purchasing and transportation. Perspective of Social consumerism with Christian blending from Proverbs 11:1
Authors: Arhin Solomon , Santuoh Frederick Joe
Published: August 2021

Pragmatically, there has been hot debate on the way Cocoa industry is managed in Ghana. These problems, mostly ethical in nature relate to Cocoa Purchasing and Transportation.  Social Consumers have argued these out from Christian and Biblical perspectives such as proverbs 11:1.  Christian critics in the industry argue that their career in the industry raises a lot of ethical and moral questions .These include not only the integrity and objectivity of the measuring instrument used in measuring the commodity from the producers  level, but also the monopolization of cocoa exports and lack of new value creation activities in the industry as well as streamlining the activities of  handling losses through the transportation of the raw materials to their points of conveyance. One will however, envisage that Christian organizations have not wholly been involved in the establishment of firms in Cocoa industry as commonly observed in financial and educational sectors in Ghana where, many of such firms belong to several religious organizations. The carefulness and integrity of these honorable Christian men and women in tempering with the controversial measurement scale as per the policies of the License Buying Companies (LBCs) have been questioned because the fragility of the industry makes people so susceptible to dishonesty and corruption which create a lot of ethical issues. According to a UK Department for Environmental, Rural and Food Affairs (DEFRA), more than half of consumers in the country said they will not try to buy products whose ethics they disagree with.

The objective of this study is to assess the ethical issues and current innovations on cocoa purchases in relation to the controversial scale and to understand the reasons for lack of value added creation activities. The methodology involved data collection (a survey) and use of the theoretical framework .Secondary data on cocoa purchases for the ten years period between 2001-2010 were used for the analysis. In addition responses from eighty-seven marketing clerks representing two major License Buying Companies (LBCS) were collected as a basis for generalization and thirdly, expertsâ€™ opinion from two members of COCOBOD were gathered to provide descriptive analysis on the current condition in the COCOBOD.

The results indicate that adjustment of scales by marketing clerks still remains the big and unresolved unethical practices in the minds of the farmers therefore scale adjustment is seen to be unfair and unethical from farmersâ€™ perspective and according to proverbs 11:1.  Many of the respondents advocate for involvement of Christian organizations in the industry to help resolve unethical practices. The opinion from the experts clearly shows that COCOBOD has no tracking mechanism of cocoa purchases. However, manufacturing of raw beans are seen to be on the increase compared to the previous four years.
State modification and market mechanism for agroindustrial complex management in the region
Authors: Kaldiyarov Daniyar , Nurmukhankyzy Daniya , Bedelbaeva Assel , Kaldiyarov Sanzhar , Lemechshenko Olesya , Baltabayeva Ainur
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to development of approaches and practical recommendations on issues of state regulation and state support of agro-industrial complex economic entities as a factor of stimulating economic growth of industry as a whole. Having  based on the study of development trends of agroindustrial complex in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its state regulation, we assessed effectiveness of implementing target programs, identified causes and constraints, which include imperfect legislative, theoretical and methodological elaboration of mechanisms for their implementation, inconsistency between organizational-level program developments and processes of their implementation.

Keywords: state regulation, agricultural sector, agroindustrial complex (AIC), agriculture, agricultural products, agricultural policy, food security.
Stimulating factor in the provision of tax credits in Slovakia
Authors: Vavrova Katarina , Sedliacikova Mariana , Badura Peter , Kalusova Lenka
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the issue of tax incentives in the Slovak Republic. Characteristics of particular types of the tax incentives used in tax practice and impact of tax incentives on the income tax used in Slovakia were analysed. All approval processes and terms of taking incentives were solved through the model casa study. Based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources and practical experiences, it was elaborated a SWOT analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of fiscal incentives in Slovakia.
Keywords: Tax incentives, Slovak Republic, income tax
Message from Editor
Authors: Uzunboylu Huseyin
Published: August 2021

Dear Readers,It is a great honor for us to publish Volume 2, Issue 1 of International Journal of New Trends in SocialSciences (IJNTSS).International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences (IJNTSS) is a multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed,open access journal which provides a scientific platform for presenting and discussing new trends andissues in social sciences. It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in allfields of social sciences. The journal publishes original researches, surveys and review articles of all thedisciplines of social sciences and it comprises comprehensive leading and current trends in socialsciences.A total number of five (13) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has beensubjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At theend of the review process, one (3) high quality research paper was selected and accepted forpublication. Accordingly, aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the resultsof their academic studies. . There are different research topics discussed in the articles. For example;Daniyar Kaldiyarov, Daniya Nurmukhankyzy, Assel Bedelbaeva, Sanzhar Kaldiyarov, OlesyaLemechshenko, Ainur Baltabayeva, State modification and market mechanism for agroindustrialcomplex management in the region, Katarina Vavrova, Mariana Sedliacikova, Stimulating factor in theprovision of tax credits in Slovakia, Solomon Arhin, Frederick Joe Santuoh,MEthical issues in Cocoapurchasing and transportation. Perspective of social consumerism with Christian blending fromProverbs 11:1.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Best regards,Prof. Dr. Huseyin UzunboyluEditor â€“ in Chief
Career Planning And Management In Businesses
Authors: Tandogan Mustafa
Published: August 2021

In parallel with rapidly changing world, in self renewing business life, individuals have to determine their own career path properly and the organisations have to choose up the employees who will make them superior, provide the added value and make progress consistently. This necessity caused career management to be appeared. Thus, individual organisation integration was supplied bringing need based targets into conformity with the organisationsâ€™ future goals. At this stage with career planning, both individuals have to determine their own goals and the organisation also has to analyse to what extent it can provide these requirements. A well organised career planning carries weight in the terms of supplying prudential productivity. Thereby, the sustainability of career management and planning is possible with a career development system. Career development is a process which contains to provide the facilities of improving the personnelâ€™s knowledge, skills and talents. Thus, it becomes not only the individualâ€™s but also the organisations success.

 

Keywords: organised, individual, organisation, individual, organisation
Domestication and foreignisation of allusions in Persian translations of Waiting for Godot: A case study
Authors: Farahani Mehrdad Vasheghani , Kaleybar Nima Mahmoudi
Published: August 2021

In this thesis, Samuel Beckettâ€™s Waiting for Godot along with its Persian translation was analysed in terms of Venutiâ€™s dichotomy of domestication and foreignisation. The allusion samples were selected through the whole book. Then, the translations of the allusions were analysed. It was found that foreignisation happened mainly when there was a proper name (PN) in the item which was translated. Items without PN were almost domesticated. Even if they had been foreignised, the referents for the TT reader would have been ungraspable, mainly due to the cultural and religious differences. These findings will help literary translators to have a better understanding of such plays. Having taken that the translators would stick to the findings of this research, the readers will be able to have an expressive translation of the play rather than an informative piece of translation. Also, the findings can be an aid in both empirical and theoretical studies.

 

Keywords:Domestication, foreignisation, allusion, style, literary translation
Effects of relaxation training to increase self-esteem in the University’s graduate students
Authors: Aarabi Hamideh , Abdi Mansour , Heydari Hassan
Published: August 2021

The aim of this research was to review the effects of relaxation training to increase self-esteem in the University’s graduate students of Khomein University in psychology and counselling. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. Population of the study consisted of all male and female students of psychology and counselling and statistical sample consisted of 16 students (eight male and eight female) that were selected by voluntary sampling, and each of them were asked to subjectively rate their self-esteem in the field of relaxation which is scored from 0 to 100. The data were analysed using univariate analysis of covariance after the training sessions. The findings supported the effectiveness of relaxation training to increase self-esteem. So that relaxation training is to increase self-esteem in the students. In line with this, necessary actions were done about using this therapy method for improving the self-esteem in the students.
Keywords: Training, relaxation training, self-esteem
Message from Editor
Authors: Uzunboylu Huseyin
Published: August 2021

Dear Readers,

It is a great honor for us to publish Volume 2, Issue 2 of International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences (IJNTSS).

International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences (IJNTSS) is a multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides a scientific platform for presenting and discussing new trends and issues in social sciences. It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of social sciences. The journal publishes original researches, surveys and review articles of all the disciplines of social sciences, and it comprises comprehensive leading and current trends in social sciences.

A total number of fifteen (15) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, six (6) high quality research paper was selected and accepted for publication. Accordingly, aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. . There are different research topics discussed in the articles.

We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,

Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu

Editor â€“ in Chief
An elegant lady or a flower girl? A critical discourse analysis of pygmalion through a systemic functional perspective
Authors: Rahimi Ali , Nami Anarjan Hamideh
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the language of the main female character called Eliza in the play â€˜Pygmalionâ€™ by Bernard Shaw. This analysis is done by applying the transitivity system, which is part of English linguist Hallidayâ€™s (1985; 1994) systemic-functional grammar. According to the transitivity system, verbs can be classified into six processes: material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioural and existential. The most important ones, which are analysed in the play Pygmalion for the analysis of power status, are the material, mental and relational processes. When considering the pattern of participant representation in a text from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, it is useful to have some general sense of the types of participants, which tend to be construed grammatically as powerful and of those which are construed as less powerful or even powerless. The investigation is based on the ideas suggested by Goatly (2000) who made the interesting suggestion that we may construct a hierarchy of participant power relations in a text based on their roles in different types of clauses and processes. The results show that Eliza's change of power status has an effect on her role as a participant in clauses and processes in the play that is in accordance with Goatly's (2000) theory about participants' power hierarchy in process types.

Keywords: CDA, systemic functional grammar, transitivity, power, participant role.