bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Model for Human Behavior Analysis
Authors: Zhai Xiujun , Rajaram A. , Ramesh K.
Published: February 2022

The number of autistic children and young people is rising rapidly across the world. Children with intellectual disabilities need special attention from trained experts. Educating them on improving their lifestyle is critical through the traditional teaching-learning environment. This study introduces an interactive educational framework that helps children with special needs have an improved and exciting learning process and explores the need to incorporate physical exercise into their everyday lives. Virtual Reality (VR) seeks more attention from autistic students. This research presents a Machine Learning-based Virtual Reality Application (ML-VRA) for Mentally Challenged Children and keeps the Human Behavior Analysis log files. Machine learning can predict the score of brain data ability. The visual short-term memory and visual-spatial memory are further assessed to identify students’ interaction with the VR application. Support Vector Regression prediction algorithm and Baseline Prediction algorithm are used to assess the score prediction for visual short memory and visual-spatial memory. Using an audio technology that allows autistic persons to hear various sounds, the cognitive method VRA instructs autistic children. Further, this study proposes a cognitive model for intellectual task processes and problem-solving using metacognitive architecture. Thus, children can acquire different levels of learning knowledge and skills. The case study performed on these model results with the highest prediction accuracy of 93.65%.
Flexural-Torsional Buckling Behavior and Design for High-Strength Steel Beams in Fire Conditions
Authors: Al-Azzani Hisham , Wang Weiyong , Zhang Yanhong
Published: February 2022

Due to its high load-bearing capacity, high-strength steel is progressively more used in present engineering applications. However, the current design codes methodology for the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) ultimate capacity of laterally unrestrained steel beams is based on experiments limited to room temperature and mild steel. A numerical analysis of steel beams’ ultimate bearing capacity in bending was carried out to evaluate the lateral-torsional bending of different high-strength steels, namely, Q460, Q690, and Q960 steel at high temperatures. As a comparison, the lateral-torsional bending of Q235 steel beam was also studied. Finite element models (FEMs) were generated using Abaqus with taking into account initial geometrical imperfection and residual stress. The validation of the FEMs has been established by comparing the ultimate flexural resistances obtained from previous tests with those from FEM. A number of parametric studies were taken to investigate the effects of different factors such as various span lengths, residual stress, steel grades, temperatures, and cross-section size on the flexural-torsional buckling (FTB) behavior of laterally unrestrained steel beams. Furthermore, the overall bending capacity of laterally unrestrained steel beams has been shown to be deteriorating at high temperatures. In addition, based on findings from the FEMs, design curves were proposed for evaluating the FTB of high-strength steel beams at elevated temperatures. The results were compared with the design curves given by design codes of GB 51249-2017 and EN 1993-1-2.
Major Customers and Corporate Payout Flexibility
Authors: James Hui Liang , Li Bo , Ngo Thanh , Wang Hongxia
Published: February 2022

Using a sample of 17,453 firm-year observations from 1993 to 2017, we find that firms with major customers maintain higher levels of payout flexibility. The positive impact of major customers on payout flexibility is contingent upon cash flow risk, stronger in firms with financial distress, higher cash flow volatility, lower customer switching costs, and greater R&D intensity. The results suggest that major customer-dependent firms tend to pursue more flexible payout policies to maintain or improve their financial flexibility. The results are robust to alternative measures of major customers, the inclusion of additional control variables, and various endogeneity tests.
Sandblasting Injury: A Case Report and a Review of Literature
Authors: LIM Hui Neng , SEBASTIN Sandeep Jacob
Published: February 2022

Sandblasting injuries are uncommon with only four reports in literature. We report a patient with a sandblasting injury of the dorsum of the hand and wrist and summarise published literature on the management of such injuries. We recommend early (<24 hours) C-arm-guided debridement of embedded foreign bodies and repeated saline washouts with a soft surgical scrub brush.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Design, Molecular Docking Studies and ADMET Prediction of Chalcones of Indole-Benzenesulfonyl Derivatives as Thioredoxin Inhibitor for Anticancer Activity
Authors: Bansod Pallavi S. , Jadhav Shailaja B.
Published: February 2022

The indole nucleus offers a wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry, including anticancer activity. A series of novel indole chalcone derivatives containing benzyl-sulphonyl group were designed and in silico study was carried out against the thioredoxin system as an anticancer target. The drug-likeness properties of synthesized compounds were predicted. A study on the Passonline server predicts the compounds to have the least adverse reaction with thioredoxin inhibitor activity. As the designed compounds break not more than one ‘rule of five’, it can be concluded that these derivatives could be orally active. As per the ADMET analysis, except for C2 which contains para-substituted bromo, all the proposed compounds can be considered as safer lead molecules. According to the docking analysis, the derivatives showed a good binding affinity with the lowest minimum binding energy to the protein. According to the docking results, C3, C7, and C8 containing para chloro, para hydroxyl, and meta chloro groups, respectively, could be the powerful inhibitors among the derivatives. The molecules form hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. C9 consisting of meta fluorine group may be a more potent thioredoxin inhibitor in comparison with Daucostero. Overall, the findings suggest that C3, C7, C8, and C9 compounds could be effective anticancer inhibitors of thioredoxin. The designed indole chalcones containing benzyl-sulfonyl group analogs could be safer and more or equivalent effective anticancer agents.
Durable Wealth: Institutions, Mechanisms, and Practices of Wealth Perpetuation
Authors: Beckert Jens
Published: February 2022

Research indicates that positions of very high private wealth can often be maintained by families over many generations. This article puts front and center the institutions, mechanisms and practices through which families at the very top of the wealth distribution protect and enlarge their wealth. Opportunity hoarding is based on legal institutions, most importantly inheritance law, trust law, advantageous financial regulations and estate tax policies. Wealthy owners also pay for a growing number of legal and financial experts whose task it is to protect their fortunes. The stipulations of legal institutions are shaped through lobbying, campaign donations and the influencing of public opinion, facilitating the intergenerational preservation of large fortunes. Philanthropy appears to be not primarily a means of supporting general welfare, but rather a further instrument of wealth protection of the super-rich through its role in legitimizing large fortunes and the reaping of tax benefits. The entrenched character of large fortunes opens up questions regarding the normative identity of contemporary societies.
Genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and ESR1 are associated with serum CK activity after prolonged running in men
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Takaragawa Mizuki , Kuriki Kiyonori , Goto Chiho , Shibata Kiyoshi , Yamada Norihiro , Hosono Akihiro , Fuku Mizuho , Suzuki Sadao , Fuku Noriyuki
Published: February 2022

Men with the TT genotype of the CYP19A1 polymorphism exhibited higher circulating estradiol levels than the TC + CC genotype. The TT genotype in the CYP19A1 polymorphism and the C allele of the ESR1 polymorphism, an allele increasing ESR1 expression, were associated with low serum CK activity after the ultramarathon. A combination of these polymorphisms was correlated with changes in the serum CK activity. Therefore, estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms partially predict exercise-induced muscle damage, that is, skeletal muscle membrane disruption.
Outcomes of Visualized Puncture Needle and Small Needle-Knife Therapy in Primary Frozen Shoulder Based on Multimodal Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Qin Xin , Zhang Baoli , Feng Yan , Gao Xiaoping , Liu Zhihong , Yang Yanxia , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2022

Objective. To compare the outcomes of visualized puncture needle and small needle-knife therapy in 68 patients with primary frozen shoulder. Method. Sixty-eight patients with primary frozen shoulder were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, with 34 patients in each group. In the treatment group, an ultrasound-guided 18G-PTC puncture needle was inserted into the joint space, followed by a liquid injection until complete lysis and dissociation of the intraarticular adhesion were achieved. Then, the lesser tuberosity of the coracoid and humerus, the intertubercular groove of the humerus, and the greater tuberosity of the humerus were stripped, first vertically and then horizontally, by an amplitude ≦ 0.5 cm per treatment. This treatment procedure was performed once per week, and each cycle covered three treatments. The small needle-knife therapy was set as a control, and the efficacy was observed. Result. The visualized puncture needle significantly outperformed the small needle-knife therapy in overall efficacy, UCLA scores of the shoulder joint, shoulder mobility, and muscle elasticity and thickness. Conclusion. The efficacy of the visualized puncture needle for primary frozen shoulder was better compared to the small needle-knife therapy. The former was safer and more convenient, which caused less pain to patients and took effect more quickly. In a word, the visualized puncture needle for primary frozen shoulder is worthy of clinical popularization.
Intravenous Administration of Cisplatin with Magnesium Sulfate Supplement May Prevent Kidney Toxicity in Rats: The Role of Gender and Magnesium Sulfate Dose
Authors: Pournaderi Parisa , Pourvali Behnaz , Ashrafi Farzaneh , Talebi Ardeshir , Pezeshki Zahra , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: February 2022

Background. Cisplatin (CP) is widely used to treat various kinds of malignancies, but to avoid its side effects of nephrotoxicity and hypomagnesemia, magnesium supplementation is a subject of debate. The current study was designed to determine the protective role of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) against intravenous administration of CP in male and female rats. Method. In this case-control experimental study, 80 Wistar male and female rats in 12 groups of experiments were subjected to receive intravenous administration of CP accompanied with intravenous infusion of different doses (1, 3, and 10 mg/ml solution) of MgSO4 and were compared with the control groups. Results. CP administration increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), and kidney weight (KW), and they were attenuated by the mid-dose of MgSO4 supplementation in female rats. However, in male rats, the increase of Cr, BUN, KTDS, and KW induced by CP was ameliorated by low, mid-, and high doses of MgSO4 supplements. The levels of these markers were significantly different between male and female rats in the mid-dose of MgSO4-treated group (BUN:

P
=
0.002

, Cr:

P
=
0.005

, KTDS:

P
=
0.002

, and KW:

P
=
0.031

). CP reduced clearance of Cr (ClCr) in both male and female rats significantly compared to the control group of saline alone (Pmale = 0.002 and Pfemale = 0.001), and the mid- and high doses of MgSO4 supplements improved ClCr in female rats. There were also sex differences in ClCr in mid- (

P
=
0.05

) and high (

P
=
0.032

) doses of MgSO4-treated groups. CP accompanied with the mid-dose of MgSO4 supplement reduced the KTDS (Pmale = 0.04 and Pfemale = 0.004) and KW (Pmale = 0.002 and Pfemale = 0.042) in both male and female rats significantly when compared with the CP-alone-treated group, while there were also significant differences between the sexes (KTDS:

P
=
0.002

and KW:

P
=
0.031

). CP accompanied with three different doses of MgSO4 supplements did not improve the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, urine level of sodium, malondialdehyde, urine flow, and nitrite statistically when compared with the CP-alone-treated group. Conclusion. The renal protective effect of MgSO4 could be dose and gender related.
System Dynamics Analysis of Construction Safety Risk considering Existing Railway Lines
Authors: Zeng Xiaoye , Huang Naixin , Han Yang , Yin Yang , Huang Jianling
Published: February 2022

Existing railway line (ERL) construction safety has received significant attention during the past decades due to the high accident rate and the difficulty of progress development under the limited synthesis construction time schedule (SCTS). However, the previous literature is dominated by the construction safety of new railway lines, while research on construction safety of ERLs is limited. This paper analyzed the interactions and causal relationships between construction safety risk (CSR) and multiple factors and classified feedback loops. Hence, a system dynamics model was developed, and a series of tests were conducted to simulate the evolution of CSR under different group environments. The results indicated that (1) the CSR considering ERLs is significantly relevant to the implementation degree of SCTS. For situations where there are more delays and more schedule pressure, construction safety accidents tend to have a higher level. (2) Work efficiency is negatively related to construction safety accidents probability. The increase of work intensity could reduce schedule pressure in the short term but could increase construction safety risk in a long time. Applying both appropriate work efficiency and work intensity may achieve an acceptable result. This paper adds to the knowledge of construction safety risk management in terms of implementation and offers lessons and references for future construction safety management considering ERLs.
A Comparative Study between Proximal Femoral Locking Plate and Multiple Cannulated Screws for Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Adults
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhuang Yunqiang , Dai Li , Huang Dichao
Published: February 2022

Objective. To compare the clinical effect of proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP) versus multiple cancellous screw (MCS) for FNF. Methods. FNF patients were treated with the PFLP implant or multiple cancellous screws (MCSs). Patient has been followed up for at least 12 months after surgery nonunion, and the occurrence of complications, femoral neck shortening, fracture healing time, and Harris hip score were recorded and compared. Results. 77 FNF patients were treated with the PFLP (36 patients) or MCS (41 patients). The sex, age, side of the injured limb, type of Garden fracture, time from injury to surgery, and fracture healing time of two groups patients were comparable. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the PFLP group were worse than those in the MCS group. Two patients with the PFLP (5%) and nine patients (21%) with the MCS experienced cut out of the lag screw or avascular necrosis of the femoral head or nonunion and received hip replacement. However, the number of fluoroscopies in the PFLP group was significantly lower than that in the MCS group. Additionally, the femoral neck shortening and Harris hip score were all strongly better in the PFLP group than in the MCS group. Conclusions. Compared with the MCS, PFLP treatment for FNF in young adults can decrease the fluoroscopy times, improve hip functional recovery, and reduce the complications rate and femoral neck shortening.
Ethnopharmacological-Based Validation of Polyalthia suberosa Leaf Extract in Neurological, Hyperalgesic, and Hyperactive Gut Disorders Using Animal Models
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Quispe Cristina , Herrera-Bravo Jesús , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Novakovic Radmila , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Kabra Atul , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: February 2022

Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) is a plant used to cure coughs, dysentery, fevers, joint aches, rheumatic pain, inflammation, and a variety of skin diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ethyl acetate extract of Polyalthia suberosa (P. suberosa) leaves and their effects on mice for neuropharmacological, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities. For neurological studies, the hole cross, hole board, open field, and thiopental sodium-induced sleep duration measurement methodologies were used. The castor oil-induced diarrhea inhibition test was used to assess antidiarrheal action, and the acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition test was used to determine analgesic effectiveness. The extract was given in doses of 250 and 500 mg kg−1 body weight. As a standard drug, diazepam at a dosage of 3 mg kg−1 was used. The extract was also given to groups, and sleep time was measured and recorded. The onset of the anxiolytic effect of the extract at both doses was found to be significant (

p

 < 0.001), and sleep time increased to 273 minutes. For assessing analgesic activity, the extract along with standard diclofenac was administered and found to be 55.02 percent and 64.33 percent, respectively, for the extracts, and diclofenac was found to be 67.44 percent (

p

 < 0.001). For antidiarrheal activity, it was compared with the standard drug, loperamide. The decrease for plant extracts was 50.07 percent and 70.06 percent at 250 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1, respectively, whereas it was 85.01 percent for loperamide (3 mg kg−1) (

p

 < 0.00). In this study, it was found that ethyl acetate extract of Polyalthia suberosa leaves had strong CNS depressant, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities, which indicates that it may be used in contemporary medicine.
On the Extended Generalized Inverted Kumaraswamy Distribution
Authors: Ramzan Qasim , Qamar Sadia , Amin Muhammad , Alshanbari Huda M. , Nazeer Amna , Elhassanein Ahmed
Published: February 2022

In this work, we provide a new generated class of models, namely, the extended generalized inverted Kumaraswamy generated (EGIKw-G) family of distributions. Several structural properties (survival function

sf

, hazard rate function

hrf

, reverse hazard rate function

rhrf

, quantile function

qf

and median,

s

th

raw moment, generating function, mean deviation

md

, etc.) are provided. The estimates for parameters of new G class are derived via maximum likelihood estimation

MLE

method. The special models of the proposed class are discussed, and particular attention is given to one special model, the extended generalized inverted Kumaraswamy Burr XII (EGIKw-Burr XII) model. Estimators are evaluated via a Monte Carlo simulation

MCS

. The superiority of EGIKw-Burr XII model is proved using a lifetime data applications.
The (Multiplicative Degree‐) Kirchhoff Index of Graphs Derived from the Cartesian Product of Sn and K2
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Peng Xin-Bei , Gu Jiao-Jiao , Lin Wenshui
Published: February 2022

It is well known that many topological indices have widespread use in lots of fields about scientific research, and the Kirchhoff index plays a major role in many different sectors over the years. Recently, Li et al. (Appl. Math. Comput. 382 (2020) 125335) proposed the problem of determining the Kirchhoff index and multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index of graphs derived from Sn × K2, the Cartesian product of the star Sn, and the complete graph K2. In the present study, we completely solve this problem, that is, the explicit closed‐form formulae of the Kirchhoff index, multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index, and number of spanning trees are obtained for some graphs derived from Sn × K2.
Research on Dual Security Control for a Non-Linear CPS with Multi-Objective Constraints under DoS Attack and Actuator Fault: An Active-Passive Attack-Tolerant Approach
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Wei , Li Yajie
Published: February 2022

Based on the discrete event-triggered communication scheme (DETCS), a codesign method of dual security control and communication for the non-linear cyberphysical system (CPS) with denial-of-service (DoS) attack and actuator fault is studied under multi-objective constraints. First, to effectively distinguish DoS attacks with different energy levels, the DoS attack detection method is established based on the maximum allowable delay of the system. Second, a non-linear CPS dual security control framework that integrates active-passive attack tolerance for DoS attack and active fault tolerance for actuator fault is constructed. Third, the low-energy DoS attack is regarded as a special kind of time delay, and a robust observer for the estimation of system states and actuator fault is designed, and a codesign method of passive attack tolerance, active fault tolerance, and communication is proposed. Furthermore, a correction compensation algorithm of control quantity is proposed for high-energy DoS attack based on the PID idea to make active-passive attack tolerance more effective. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation of a quadruple-tank model.
Prediction of Students’ Performance Based on the Hybrid IDA‐SVR Model
Authors: Xu Huan
Published: February 2022

Students’ performance is an important factor for the evaluation of teaching quality in colleges. The aim of this study is to propose a novel intelligent approach to predict students’ performance using support vector regression (SVR) optimized by an improved duel algorithm (IDA). To the best of our knowledge, few research studies have been developed to predict students’ performance based on student behavior, and the novelty of this study is to develop a new hybrid intelligent approach in this field. According to the obtained results, the IDA‐SVR model clearly outperformed the other models by achieving less mean square error (MSE). In other words, IDA‐SVR with an MSE of 0.0089 has higher performance than DT with an MSE of 0.0326, SVR with an MSE of 0.0251, ANN with an MSE of 0.0241, and PSO‐SVR with an MSE of 0.0117. To investigate the efficacy of IDA, other parameter optimization methods, that is, the direct determination method, grid search method, GA, FA, and PSO, are used for a comparative study. The results show that the IDA algorithm can effectively avoid the local optima and the blindness search and can definitely improve the speed of convergence to the optimal solution.
Retweet Prediction Based on Multidimensional Features
Authors: Fu Xiaomeng , Cheng Suyan , Zhao Li , Lv Jiaguo
Published: February 2022

With the wide use of artificial intelligence-driven mobile devices, more and more Chinese people take part in the Twitter-like social sites, which makes Weibo an excellent communication platform. In view of the wide application of information diffusion in various fields, Weibo has become one of the most important research issues in mobile social computing. In Weibo, the retweet statuses of tweets of other users are considered to be the key mechanism for spreading information. How to predict whether a tweet will be retweeted by a user has received increasing attention in recent years. Research shows that the users’ retweet behavior is driven by their interest and personality. However, most previous works ignore the roles of users’ personality in their retweet behavior. To this end, a prediction model MDF-RP (multidimensional feature-based retweeting prediction) including personality feature is proposed. The prediction model integrates the features from three dimensions, such as author, tweet, and user. And the personality score is obtained based on the well-known Big Five personality trait model. The experimental results under different classifiers show that the performances of MDF-RP features outperform the basic features. And the experiments of cross-validation also demonstrate the stability of MDF-RP features.
The Mechanical Behavior of Polyline Crease Origami Self-Locking Structure under Quasi-Static Compressive Loading
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , He YuLong , Yang Huawei , Yan Xuxian
Published: February 2022

The unique mechanical behavior of polyline crease (PLC) origami structures inspired by the Tachi-Miura polyhedron (TMP) is investigated. We explore the potential usage as mechanical metamaterials that exhibit negative Poisson’s ratio, self-locking mechanism, and load capacity simultaneously. Poisson’s ratio, locked folding ratio, dimensionless force and folding ratio relationship, and elastic-plastic response during its compressive process (rigid folding motion or plastic bending/buckling) are investigated analytically and experimentally, respectively. The effect of original folding angle and the length-to-height ratio on negative Poisson’s ratio, locked folding ratio, dimensionless force, deformation modes, and the mean compression force are also considered. Based on the experiments, an approximate theoretical study has also been conducted, which shows a reasonable correlation with the experimental results. The results are significant to guide the engineering applications of PLC self-locking origami structures.
[Retracted] Construction and Analysis of Urban Motor Vehicle Drivers’ Traffic Literacy Evaluation Model Based on Zhengzhou City’s Survey Data
Authors: Shengyang Liu , Yanrong Wang , Kang Tian , Fangzheng Hu
Published: February 2022

This paper summarizes the relevant literature through the content analysis method and combines expert advice. The company built a four‐level indicator including traffic knowledge and skills, and 13 pilot‐level traffic literacy evaluation indicators system including traffic rules and mechanical common sense. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis method is used to determine the weight of each indicator of urban driver traffic literacy evaluation, and conduct pilot survey and evaluation of motor vehicle drivers in Zhengzhou. The results show that the evaluation value of motor vehicle driver traffic literacy in Zhengzhou is 72.07, including a traffic knowledge score of 77.09, traffic awareness score of 73.95, traffic skill score of 78.12, and traffic behavior score of up to 84.3. It shows that the respondents have relatively more active and responsible traffic behaviors and have a certain degree of understanding of traffic skills and traffic knowledge. However, they are relatively low in traffic awareness.
Energy Source Allocation Decision-Making in Textile Industry: A Novel Symmetric and Asymmetric Spherical Fuzzy Linear Optimization Approach
Authors: Kousar Sajida , Shafqat Urooj , Kausar Nasreen , Pamucar Dragan , Gaba Yaé Ulrich
Published: February 2022

In this study, the authors extended the concept of spherical fuzzy optimization models by considering different parameters of spherical fuzzy linear programming problem as symmetric and asymmetric spherical numbers. Eight spherical fuzzy linear programming models are discussed by converting decision variables, parameters, and coefficients of objective function and constraints into symmetric and asymmetric spherical fuzzy numbers. To verify the validity and efficiency of this study in contrast with a linear programming numerical and a physical energy optimization model for the textile industry is considered. The application of these symmetric and asymmetric spherical fuzzy optimization models is discussed along with the postoptimal analysis of the best optimization models that provide the feasible and most optimal solution.
Changes in the Chemical Components of Processed Rehmanniae Radix Distillate during Different Steaming Times
Authors: Xue Shujuan , Fu Yu , Sun Xiaoya , Chen Suiqing
Published: February 2022

Distillate was obtained in different processing cycles of processed Rehmanniae Radix (PRR). In this study, we investigated the chemical compositions of distillates 1 (Dis1) to 9 (Dis9) via GC-MS and LC-MS. Differences between Dis1–Dis9 were noticeable. A total of 13 and 21 compounds were detected via GC-MS and LC-MS, respectively, including organic acids, furans, alcohols, iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, and saccharides. The relative contents of compound 2,5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furans all gradually increased with steaming time. Other compounds, however, exhibited a negative trend or fluctuated. Of these compounds, iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides were unstable and easily degraded, which led to a gradually decreasing concentration with increased steaming times. In addition, the degradation products were mainly derived from catalpol and acteoside, among which catalpol mainly existed as aglycone and its rearranged products. However, acteoside was converted into verbasoside through the removal of caffeoyl. Some volatile alcohols, such as phenylethyl alcohol, hydroxyphenyl ethanol, and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, were also likely from the degradation of acteoside and its homologs. These results provide an important reference basis for the processing methods, quality evaluation, and rational clinical application of PRR and its distillate.
REchallenge of NIVOlumab (RENIVO) or Nivolumab-Ipilimumab in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Ambispective Multicenter Study
Authors: Vauchier Charles , Auclin Edouard , Barthélémy Philippe , Carril-Ajuria Lucia , Ryckewaert Thomas , Borchiellini Delphine , Castel-Ajgal Zahra , Bennamoun Mostefa , Campedel Luca , Thiery-Vuillemin Antoine , Coquan Elodie , Crouzet Laurence , Berdah Jean-François , Chevreau Christine , Ratta Raffaele , Fléchon Aude , Lefort Felix , Albiges Laurence , Gross-Goupil Marine , Vano Yann-Alexandre , Thibault Constance , Oudard Stéphane
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been approved for front-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, progressive disease often occurs and subsequent therapies are needed. ICI rechallenge may be an option, but there is a lack of data regarding efficacy and prognostic factors. We assessed efficacy of ICI rechallenge and factors associated with better outcomes. Patients and Methods. This ambispective multicenter study included 45 mRCC patients rechallenged with nivolumab ± ipilimumab between 2014 and 2020. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed best objective response rate (ORR) for ICI rechallenge (ICI-2). Factors associated with ICI-2 progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with multivariate Cox models. Results. ORR was 51% (n = 23) at first ICI therapy (ICI-1) and 16% (n = 7) for ICI-2. Median PFS was 11.4 months (95% CI, 9.8–23.5) and 3.5 months (95% CI, 2.8–9.7), and median overall survival was not reached (NR) (95% CI, 37.8–NR) and 24 months (95% CI, 9.9–NR) for ICI-1 and ICI-2, respectively. Factors associated with poorer ICI-2 PFS were a high number of metastatic sites, presence of liver metastases, use of an intervening treatment between ICI regimens, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, and poor International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium score at ICI-2 start. Conversely, ICI-1 PFS >6 months was associated with better ICI-2 PFS. In multivariate analysis, there were only statistical trends toward better ICI-2 PFS in patients with ICI-1 PFS >6 months (

p
=
0.07

) and toward poorer ICI-2 PFS in patients who received a treatment between ICI regimens (

p
=
0.07

). Conclusion. Rechallenge with nivolumab-based ICI has some efficacy in mRCC. We identified various prognostic factors in univariate analysis but only statistical trends in multivariate analysis. Our findings bring new evidence on ICI rechallenge and preliminary but unique data that may help clinicians to select patients who will benefit from this strategy.
An Online Kernel Adaptive Filtering-Based Approach for Mid-Price Prediction
Authors: Mishra Shambhavi , Ahmed Tanveer , Mishra Vipul , Bourouis Sami , Ullah Mohammad Aman
Published: February 2022

The idea of multivariate and online stock price prediction via the kernel adaptive filtering (KAF) paradigm is proposed in this article. The prediction of stock prices is traditionally done with regression and classification, thereby requiring a large set of batch-oriented and independent training samples. This is problematic considering the nonstationary nature of a financial time series. In this research, we propose an online kernel adaptive filtering-based approach for stock price prediction to overcome this challenge. To examine a stock's performance and demonstrate the work's superiority, we use ten different KAF family of algorithms. In this paper, we take on this challenge and propose an approach for predicting stock prices. To analyze a stock's performance and demonstrate the work's superiority, we use ten distinct KAF algorithms. Besides, the results are analyzed on nine-time windows such as one day, sixty minutes, thirty minutes, twenty five minutes, twenty minutes, fifteen minutes, ten minutes, five minutes, and one minute. We are the first to experiment with several time windows for all fifty stocks on the Indian National Stock Exchange, to the best of our knowledge. It should be noted here that the experiments are performed on stocks making up the main index: Nifty-50. In terms of performance and compared to existing methods, we have a 66% probability of correctly predicting a stock's next upward or downward movement. This number clearly shows the edge that the proposed method has in actual deployment. Furthermore, the experimental findings show that KAF is not only a better option for predicting stock prices but that it may also be used as an alternative in high-frequency trading due to its low latency.
A Topic Recognition Method of News Text Based on Word Embedding Enhancement
Authors: Du Qiming , Li Nan , Liu Wenfu , Sun Daozhu , Yang Shudan , Yue Feng
Published: February 2022

Topic recognition technology has been commonly applied to identify different categories of news topics from the vast amount of web information, which has a wide application prospect in the field of online public opinion monitoring, news recommendation, and so on. However, it is very challenging to effectively utilize key feature information such as syntax and semantics in the text to improve topic recognition accuracy. Some researchers proposed to combine the topic model with the word embedding model, whose results had shown that this approach could enrich text representation and benefit natural language processing downstream tasks. However, for the topic recognition problem of news texts, there is currently no standard way of combining topic model and word embedding model. Besides, some existing similar approaches were more complex and did not consider the fusion between topic distribution of different granularity and word embedding information. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel text representation method based on word embedding enhancement and further forms a full-process topic recognition framework for news text. In contrast to traditional topic recognition methods, this framework is designed to use the probabilistic topic model LDA, the word embedding models Word2vec and Glove to fully extract and integrate the topic distribution, semantic knowledge, and syntactic relationship of the text, and then use popular classifiers to automatically recognize the topic categories of news based on the obtained text representation vectors. As a result, the proposed framework can take advantage of the relationship between document and topic and the context information, which improves the expressive ability and reduces the dimensionality. Based on the two benchmark datasets of 20NewsGroup and BBC News, the experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method based on word embedding enhancement for the news topic recognition problem.
Achievement of Small Target Detection for Sea Ship Based on CFAR-DBN
Authors: Yuan LiBing , Chi XueLi , Wei Hui
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of marine exploration and marine transportation, the activities of marine ships are becoming more and more frequent. Accurate and rapid detection of the position of marine ships has very important practical and strategic significance. SAR has the characteristics of all-weather detection. It is an important means of ship detection. Aiming at the problem of fuzzy interference in sea surface ship SAR image detection, a small target image detection algorithm based on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and depth belief network (DBN) is proposed. Firstly, according to the traditional CFAR detection principle, the whole image to be detected is detected by CFAR globally, and the index matrix is obtained, so as to improve the ship detection speed. Secondly, the output data of the hidden layer of the last layer of DBN are used as the input data of SVM, and the trained DBN model is applied to local detection, so as to improve the accuracy and robustness of ship detection. Finally, the algorithm combining CFAR and DBN is trained and applied in ship detection. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm under fuzzy interference is better than that of traditional CFAR, BPNN, Fast R-CNN, and SSD512 algorithms, which proves that the robustness of the combined algorithm is significantly improved.
Relationship between Maxillary Sinus Hypoplasia and Maxillary Occlusal Cant: A Cone Beam CT Study
Authors: Alsufyani Noura A. , Major Michael P. , Major Paul W.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) has been reported to cause a cant in the orbital plane. No similar reports exist about the possible impact on the maxilla. The aim of this study was to assess if MSH is associated with maxillary occlusal plane (MOP) cant and if dental or mandibular factors influenced the existence of the MOP cant. Methods. 80 cone beam CT images of subjects with MSH were analyzed for the type of MSH, degree of MOP cant, open or cross bite, mandibular asymmetry, and degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joints. The subjects were compared with a control group matched by age and gender. Results. The degree of MOP cant (range 0–5.1°) was not statistically significantly different in unilateral vs. bilateral MSH or between the different types of MSH. The frequency of open bite, crossbite, mandibular asymmetry, or degenerative joint disease in unilateral vs. bilateral MSH or between the different types of MSH was not statistically significantly different. Between the case and control, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of MOP cant (1.3 ± 1.1° vs. 1.1 ± 0.9°, respectively) or frequency of dental and mandibular factors. There was low positive linear correlation between MOP cant and mandibular symmetry in MSH subjects (Spearman’s rho = 0.23) and controls (Spearman’s rho = 0.187). Conclusions. The data suggests a view of the alveolar bone as the adaptable skeletal unit to ensure and bridge the functionality between the nasomaxillary complex and TMJ system–two systems with very different function, and therefore largely independent “matrix units.”
The Relationship between Family Stress and Internet Dependence: The Mediating Role of Loneliness—Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS2017
Authors: Xiang Kaibiao , Song Huilin , Cheng Zhenmin
Published: February 2022

With the explosive development of modern technology, Internet dependence has become an important hindrance to normal use of the Internet. The influence of the family environment and individual perception has gradually emerged in practice, while the theoretical research is still insufficient yet. Therefore, to clarify the specific influence mechanism between them, we divided family stress into two dimensions in this study, which are behavioral stress and emotional stress. Furthermore, combined with individual loneliness, a theoretical framework of the mediating effect is constructed to confirm the influence of family stress on Internet dependence and explore its action path and mechanism. Based on the data of CGSS2017, the empirical research shows that both behavioral and emotional stress from family can significantly increase the degree of Internet dependence of individuals and individual loneliness plays a partial mediating role between family stress and degree of Internet dependence. The results of this study provide powerful theoretical proof for practical experience and also provide a possible way of solving problems with Internet dependence in practice.
Automated Classification System for Tick-Bite Defect on Leather
Authors: Gan Y. S. , Yau Wei-Chuen , Liong Sze-Teng , Chen Chih-Cheng
Published: February 2022

Natural leather is a durable, breathable, stretchable, and pliable material that comes in various styles, colors, finishes, and prices. It is an ideal raw material to manufacture luxury products such as shoes, dresses, and luggage. The leather will be categorized into different grades that are determined by visual appearance, softness, and natural defects. This grading process requires a manual visual inspection from experienced experts to ensure proper quality assurance and quality control. To facilitate the inspection process, this paper introduces an efficient automated defect classification framework that is capable to evaluate if the sample patches contain defective segments. A six-step preprocessing procedure is introduced to enhance the quality of the leather image in terms of visibility and to preserve important features representation. Then, multiple classifiers are utilized to differentiate between defective and nondefective leather patches. The proposed framework is capable to generate a classification accuracy rate of 94% from a collection of samples of 1600 pieces of calf leather patches.
A Stochastic Learning Algorithm for Machine Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Dong Zhipeng , Liu Yucheng , Kang Jianshe , Zhang Shaohui
Published: February 2022

Industrial big data bring a large number of high-dimensional sample datasets. Although a deep learning network can well mine the internal nonlinear structure of the dataset, the construction of the deep learning model requires a lot of computing time and hardware facilities. At the same time, there are some nonlinear problems such as noise and fluctuation in industrial data, which make the deep architecture extremely complex and the recognition accuracy of the diagnosis model difficult to guarantee. To solve this problem, a new method, named stochastic learning algorithm (SL), is proposed in this paper for dimension reduction. The proposed method consists of three steps: firstly, to increase the computational efficiency of the model, the dimension of the high-dimensional data is reduced by establishing a random matrix; secondly, for enhancing the clustering influence of the sample, the input data are enhanced by feature processing; thirdly, to make the clustering effects more pronounced, the noise and interference of the data need to be processed, and the singularity value denoising method is used to denoise training data and test data. To further prove the superiority of the SL method, we conducted two sets of experiments on the wind turbine gearbox and the benchmark dataset. It can be seen from the experimental results that the SL method not only improves the classification accuracy but also reduces the computational burden.
[Retracted] An Evaluation of the Security Ability of the Basic Endowment Insurance System for China’s Urban and Rural Residents
Authors: Liu Bing , He Yuhong , Liu Zhi
Published: February 2022

In this paper, security ability refers to the standard of evaluation that is used to measure the implementation performance of the basic endowment insurance system for China’s urban and rural residents (EIUR). To evaluate security ability, a three‐level evaluation index system with a total of 19 indicators is designed. The research results show that it is low and even does not coincide with the country’s level of economic development, for the security ability of EIUR, due to the top‐level design of the insurance system under analysis, the operating environment, and residents’ willingness to participate and contribute. Moreover, there are regional differences in regard to security ability; the development of various targets is not balanced. These findings suggest that it is necessary to promote the balanced development of various targets between regions and improve the completion of each target, especially in regard to “flexibility” and “fairness” targets.
Effect of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Combined with Modified VTD Regimen on Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Its Influence on miRNA Cytokines
Authors: Bai Zhaoliang , Shen Jiansong
Published: February 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of autologous stem cell transplantation combined with modified VTD regimen on elderly patients with multiple myeloma and its influence on miRNA cytokines. Methods. The data of 42 elderly patients with multiple myeloma who were treated in our hospital from May 2010 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into the combined group (autologous stem cell transplantation combined with improved VTD scheme,

n
=
25

) and the control group (improved VTD scheme,

n
=
17

) according to different treatment schemes, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and Treg were measured in the two groups. The expression levels of miRNA-15a, miRNA-16, and miRNA-21 in the bone marrow fluid of the two groups were measured before and after treatment. The levels of M protein and myeloma cells in the two groups were detected. Comparing the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups, the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results. The total effective rate of the combined group (84.00%) was higher than that of the control group (52.94%), and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, Treg, miRNA-15a, and miRNA-16 in the combined group were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of miRNA-21, M protein, and myeloma cells were lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance (

P
<
0.05

). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The first, second, and third year survival rates of group A (96.00%, 88.00%, and 80.00%) were significantly higher than those of the control group (70.59%, 58.82%, and 47.06%), and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Autologous stem cell transplantation combined with a modified VTD regimen can effectively improve the immune function and survival rate of elderly patients with multiple myeloma, which is safe and effective.