bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The age of fossil StW573 (‘Little Foot’): An alternative interpretation of 26Al/10Be burial data
Authors: Kramers Jan D. , Dirks Paul H.G.M.
Published: March 2017

Following the publication (Granger DE et al., Nature 2015;522:85–88) of an 26Al/10Be burial isochron age of 3.67±0.16 Ma for the sediments encasing hominin fossil StW573 (‘Little Foot’), we consider data on chert samples presented in that publication to explore alternative age interpretations. 10Be and 26Al concentrations determined on individual chert fragments within the sediments were calculated back in time, and data from one of these fragments point to a maximum age of 2.8 Ma for the sediment package and therefore also for the fossil. An alternative hypothesis is explored, which involves re-deposition and mixing of sediment that had previously collected over time in an upper chamber, which has since been eroded. We show that it is possible for such a scenario to yield ultimately an isochron indicating an apparent age much older than the depositional age of the sediments around the fossil. A possible scenario for deposition of StW573 in Member 2 would involve the formation of an opening between the Silberberg Grotto and an upper chamber. Not only could such an opening have acted as a death trap, but it could also have disturbed the sedimentological balance in the cave, allowing unconsolidated sediment to be washed into the Silberberg Grotto. This two-staged burial model would thus allow a younger age for the fossil, consistent with the sedimentology of the deposit. This alternative age is also not in contradiction to available faunal and palaeomagnetic data.

Significance: 

Data on chert samples taken close to StW573 impose a maximum age for the fossil of 2.8 Ma – younger than the 3.67 Ma originally reported. We propose and explore a two-stage burial scenario to resolve the inconsistency and to reopen the discussion on the age of fossil StW573.
The Design of Migrant Integration Policies in Spain: Discourses and Social Actors
Authors: Fernández Suárez Belén
Published: March 2017

Spain is one of the countries with the lowest social spending within the EU-15, and its welfare state has developed later and with less intensity. At the end of the 20th century, Spain became an immigration country, reaching 5.7 million immigrants in 2011. This article explores how the definition of migrant ‘integration’ is based more on a concept of universal rights and social cohesion by the main actors (political parties, trade unions, third sector organizations and immigrant associations) than on a notion of a cultural type. We will also analyze how the influence of European policies and restrictive liberalism have led to the implementation of programmes which aim to make civic integration compulsory for the renewal of residence and work permits. The empirical evidence for this article stems from 60 qualitative interviews with social actors in migrant integration policies during 2010 and 2011. The impact of the economic crisis on the foreign population, especially regarding its position in the labor market, will also be considered, explaining the reduction of specific and general policies targeting the migrant population. This cut in social spending has involved a deinstitutionalization of this particular policy field.
SOCIETY WITHOUT TRUST INNOVATION STRATEGY OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF COMPLEX SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
Authors: Sudakov V.
Published: March 2017

Review:
Obshhestvo bez dovery`ya / Pod red. E. Golovaxy`, N. Kostenko, S. Makeeva. - Ky`ev, Y`nsty`tut socy`ology` NAN Ukray`ny, 2014. - 338 p.
Prescription pattern of antibiotics in respiratory disorders in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern part of India
Authors: Gupta Chandra Narayan , Chatterjee Kripasindhu
Published: March 2017

Background: Respiratory infections are increasing globally with parallel increase in world population, pollution, urbanization, overcrowding, global warming and poverty. Multi drug resistant virulent bacteria are growing very rapidly. The objective of this study was to know the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in hospitalized patients suffering from different common respiratory disorders.Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study. Data was captured from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016 at ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and Dr. B.C.Roy Hospital. Total 200 patients were taken for the study of age range from 10 to 50 years.Results: COPD, bronchial asthma, pneumonia and ARIs were the most frequent respiratory illnesses among patients attended Medicine OPD. Most common antibiotics prescribed were co-amoxyclav, ceftriaxone, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and aminoglycosides.Conclusions: Injudicious use of antibiotics in trivial viral respiratory infections may give rise to antibiotic resistant strains in the community.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending medicine out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Alappuzha, Kerala, India
Authors: Mani Koushiki , C. Rose Davy
Published: March 2017

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication affecting the eyes of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus due to long-term hyperglycaemia. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working aged adults around the world. There are various factors leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy namely duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, age at onset of diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension. This is a hospital based cross-sectional study which aimed to study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Medicine out-patient department of Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India. The factors contributing to the development of retinopathy was also studied.Methods: 200 already diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were included in the study. Subjects were explained about the study and once the consent was received, data regarding age, gender, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, history of smoking, alcohol intake, and socio-economic status was documented. Height and weight was measured. Blood pressure was recorded with mercury sphygmomanometer. Then the subjects were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy by fundus examination after dilating the eyes. Findings were noted and subjects were categorized as no retinopathy, nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy using the ETDRS classification.Results: In present study, out of 200 subjects, 63 subjects (31.5%) were affected with diabetic retinopathy (non-proliferative retinopathy=22.5%, proliferative retinopathy=9%). Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe non-proliferative retinopathy was 7.5% each. Significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and duration of diabetes.Conclusions: Therefore, periodic screening of diabetic patients should be carried out for early detection and prevention of loss of vision.
To study the short-term outcome of multimodality treatment on morbidity and quality of life in patients with carcinoma oesophagus
Authors: Singh Karamveer , Jain Navneet , Saini Sunil
Published: March 2017

Background: Oesophageal cancer is sixth most common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Despite complete resections, overall survival remained low. To improve the existing treatment combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings was introduced. Impact of treatment on quality of life, morbidities and toxicities associated with multimodality treatment in patients of carcinoma oesophagus was studied prospectively and retrospectively.Methods: A total of 40 patients histologically proven carcinoma of the oesophagus were enrolled in the study. Study included assessment of clinical features, risk factors, biopsy, multimodality treatment and associated morbidities and toxicities. Quality of Life (QOL) in patients of multimodality treatment assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and Core 18 before, immediate post treatment and 6 months after completion of the planned treatment.Results: In 40 patients, male to female ratio was 1.10:1. Dysphagia was the leading complain. 3 patients were treated using neoadjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery) among them 2 patients expired, 1 patient is under regular follow up. 6 patients underwent upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy out of which 3 patients expired,15 patients were treated with curative intent by definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy out of which only 7 patients survived for >1 year. 16 patients were treated with palliative intent (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, oesophageal stenting and feeding procedures) in which only 1 patient survived for 1 year.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that patients over all QOL was reduced after treatment and in the follow up period which was due to the treatment related toxicities but in contrast symptom improvement was observed simultaneously.
Perception of medical teachers and students regarding objective structured long examination record as an assessment tool- a prospective study
Authors: Bhalerao Pradnya
Published: March 2017

Background: Traditional method of assessment of a long case in practical examinations is broad based. All domains of learning are not evaluated and areas of weakness not categorised.Methods: A structured format, the objective structured long examination record (OSLER) for assessment of post graduate students in anaesthesiology for long case presentations was prepared. The impact of the new tool on the faculty, the students and the overall performance of the students was assessed through questionnaires and scoring systems.Results: We found that 75% students and 100% teachers agreed that the conduct of examination was fair. There was a 100% agreement among both that the OSLER provided an opportunity to the process of learning. 63% accepted that the questions were clear and unambiguous. 88% students agreed upon having exams conducted in a similar format in future. 75% teachers opined that they would like to take an exam in a similar form. 65% teachers agreed that more initial preparation time was needed and 58% thought that training was required.Conclusions: OSLER is a good technique for assessment of a long case in practical examination.
Intracranial massive subdural haematoma: a potentially serious consequence of diagnostic lumbar puncture
Authors: Manorenj Sandhya , Kandukuri Suma , P. S. Muralikrishna , Barla Sudhakar
Published: March 2017

Intracranial subdural haematoma (SDH) is an exceptionally rare complication of lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Post LP headache mostly has a benign course, but it can also be a manifestation of a potentially life-threatening complication such as SDH. Only a few cases has been reported in literature. We report a case of massive intracranial SDH in a young male following LP and CSF drainage.
High prevalence of dietary and physical activity related risk factors for non-communicable diseases among apparently healthy urban women in Kochi, Kerala, South India
Authors: Joy Teena M. , Paul Nimitha , P. S. Rakesh , Leelamoni K.
Published: March 2017

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the biggest threat to women’s health worldwide. NCD is a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality among women in Kerala. This study attempts to delineate the risk factors of NCDs among apparently healthy urban women in Kochi, Kerala. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among apparently healthy women of age 20-60 years in randomly selected wards of Eloor municipality, Kochi, Kerala. The minimum calculated sample size was 130. Houses were selected by systematic random sampling. A semi structured questionnaire based on the STEPS instrument was administered to eligible subjects. Their anthropometric measurements were also taken using standardised tools. Data were entered into Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS version 15. Results: The mean age of the women surveyed was 38.9 years (SD 10.2). Majority (71%) of the study participants were home makers. Majority (97.2%) consumed less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Of them, 79.3% were in the low physical activity category.  Around 55% of the women were either overweight or obese. Conclusions: The current study showed a high burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among women in urban area in Kerala. Considering the burden of NCD risk factors in the population, there is urgent need to plan and implement gender sensitive community-based interventions at different levels including health promotion, and prevention.
Pattern of sexually transmitted infections in a district hospital from Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Rattan Renu , Sood Aditya
Published: March 2017

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem, which increase the HIV transmission and are a burden to the individual, his family and community. The prevalence of STIs varies widely across different regions in our country. There is immense need to study the pattern of STIs in various regions for proper planning and implementation of control strategies. The study was conducted with the objective to assess the pattern of STIs and their prevalence in a District hospital of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A retrospective hospital based study was carried out from clinical records of the STI clinic over a period of one year (January 2016 to December, 2016). Detailed history, demographical data and clinical features were recorded, and STIs were categorized into various syndromes as depicted by National AIDS Control Organization. The data collected was analyzed statistically, and compared with other studies from across the country. Results: Cervical/vaginal discharge (80.4%) was the commonest STI followed by balanoposthitis (33.3%), lower abdominal pain syndrome (LAP) (17.1%), genital scabies (4.2%), herpes genitalis (3.7%), uretheral discharge (1.9%), genital warts (0.98%), chancroid (0.61%), molluscum contagiosum (0.6%), syphilis (0.12%) and inguinal bubo (0.12%). Balanoposthitis was the commonest STI in males, followed by genital scabies, herpes genitalis, genital warts, chancroid and genital molluscum, uretheral discharge and syphilis. In females, cervical/vaginal discharge was the most frequently reported STI followed by LAP, genital herpes, genital scabies, genital warts, chancroid, inguinal bubo and molluscum contagiosum. Conclusions: The increase prevalence of cervical/vaginal discharge was due to increased referral from Gynaecology OPDs. Balanoposthitis was quite commonly reported in males. The increase in the viral STIs has been seen, which is consistent with other studies from different regions.
Adolescent mothers: determinants and dimensions
Authors: . Amoghashree , T. S. Pradeep , Kulkarni Praveen , Narayana Murthy M. R.
Published: March 2017

Background: Adolescent pregnancies are more likely seen in poor, uneducated and rural communities. Pregnancy in adolescence is raising problem of all nations including India. There is lot of social pressure among these girls to marry at this tender age and after marriage face the next task of pregnancy which means to have children. The study was conducted with the objective to estimate magnitude of teenage pregnancy in rural community, to assess the socio-cultural dimensions determining teenage pregnancies and to assess the perception of teenage mothers on their social status. Methods: Pre tested and semi structured questionnaire through interview technique. Adolescent girls aged 10-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey and women aged 20 -24 years married before the age of 18 years were included in survey.  Descriptive statistics like percentage, mean and standard deviation were applied.Results: 54(37.8%) of study participants belonged to the age group of 16-20 years, 52(36.3%) of study participants belonged to Class V according to modified B.G. Prasad socioeconomic status, 81(56.6%) of study participants were married by the age of 16yrs, 93(65.1%) study participants knew one or other family planning methods, Educating about the hazards of adolescent pregnancy in the community, traditional practices can be changed and thereby decreasing early marriages and by this means early pregnancies. Conclusions: There is a need of more B.C.C. activities to increase the age of marriage even though which is legalized at age of 18 years but to follow the same and by thus avoiding this easily avoidable health burden and by educating about the hazards of adolescent pregnancy in the community, traditional practices can be changed and thereby decreasing early marriages and by this means early pregnancies.
An analysis of occupation related mental health referrals of paramillitary forces to a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Swain Sarada Prasanna , Dash Manoj Kumar , Pattnaik Jigyansha Ipsita , Rath Neelamadhab
Published: March 2017

Background: The security personnel of our country including Army Personnel, C.I.S.F., Police and other security personnel bear a large amount of physical and psychological stress to maintain law and order situations at different corners of the country at different situations. To assess the Psychiatric Morbidity in C.I.S.F., the course of referrals of Para-military persons to a tertiary care hospital and to evaluate the Mental Health burden in the Para-military set up by virtue of their occupation. Methods: The study sample included all the consecutive patients referred by CISF Headquarters Hospital to the Mental Health Institute (MHI), S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from April 2015 to March 2016. The clinical information is collected from the patient and accompanying personnel from CISF or family members who accompanied the patient. The diagnosis is based on ICD-10 and the final opinion is given by the consultants of Psychiatry after final evaluation of all the reports. Results: Psychiatric assessment for job fitness (48%) was the dominant cause for referral of PMF staff to MHI. Substance abuse (alcohol) related disorders were the next common cause of referral (20%).Conclusions: Mental health burden in Para-military bases are substantial which should be taken care of in urgency basis. There is urgent need of posting of Psychiatrists with Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatric Social Worker or a team of the Mental Health Professionals should visit the paramilitary set ups regularly to look into improper diagnosis and review cases.
Perception of health status and quality of life of people living with HIV in Patan city, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Dixit Grishma T. , Thakor Nilesh , Goswami Mihir , Verma P. B.
Published: March 2017

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the biggest threat to the mankind today from their health perspective. To know the perception of health status and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods: This cross sectional study was undertaken during March 2015 to April 2016 at Patan city. After taking permission from NGO and Gujarat State AIDS Control Society (GSACS) total 100 purposively selected People living with HIV (PLHIV) attached to the NGO of Patan city were interviewed using predesigned semi-structured performa. Written informed consent was taken from all PLHIV. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee for human research. Data safety and confidentiality was also given due consideration. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (trial version). Results: Age of study population ranges from 18 to 68 years. Mean age of study population is 34.21 + 9.1 years. Maximum number of PLHIV, 51 % are in the age group of 31-40 years age group. Out of total, 76 have perception of being healthy .Out of total, 61 % PLHIV have faced stigma. Out of total,92% were enjoying life, 74% perceived good quality of life, 95% perceived safe in life, 96% perceived satisfaction with health services, 84% perceived  satisfaction with their day to day work capability and only 8% perceived fear about their future life. Conclusions: Positive attitude towards life and health was observed in People Living with HIV.
A study of knowledge, attitude and practice of voluntary blood donation among interns of a municipal medical college
Authors: Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Patil Chaitanya , Dehmubed Armaity
Published: March 2017

Background: Inspiration among and participation of medical students is essential to make the “voluntary blood donation” movement a success. By assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of blood donation, donor mobilization and retention strategies can be designed and optimally modified. In this study, knowledge about voluntary blood donation in medical interns was undertaken because by the end of their MBBS course they are supposed to have understood the importance of blood donation and become capable motivators for blood donation amongst potential donors in public.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 111 interns of Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai using universal sampling method. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Mean age of interns was 23.13 years with standard deviation of 0.832 of which girls comprised 48.6%. Forty seven point seven percent interns had donated blood before. The correct knowledge was prevalent in 45.0% only. Practice of blood donation amongst interns had male propensity and positive correlation with gender difference (p value 0.001). Most interns (79.3%) donated for moral satisfaction and social responsibility The commonest reason in the non-donors, for not donating was being medically unfit for donating (69.0%).Conclusions: Almost half (55.0%) of the medical students under study didn’t have adequate knowledge on blood safety and donor eligibility. Majority of them intended to donate blood in future however, a very few had ever actually donated blood. Increased awareness about blood donation among medical interns is expected to have amplified effects in the society, as an aware and motivated doctor can motivate and mobilize many others for voluntary non-remunerated blood donation and thus blood safety.
A study on reproductive health of adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe
Authors: Nanda Sikata , Dhar Rabi Narayan
Published: March 2017

Background: Health problem in adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected    because of limited health care facilities and lack of education. In the present study we have done   assessment of reproductive health status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent  girls were considered Schedule of general information of the family, schedule cum questionnaire on KAP on reproductive health and Lab investigation done among study subjects for prevalence of HIV/AIDS was done. Results: About 75% of adolescent girls had regular menstruation. Dysmenorhoea was present in 13% of girls. All girls are poor menstrual hygiene.84% of adolescent girls knew about menstruation from their friends. About 61% were not aware about physical changes in pregnancy. Conclusions: Counseling of adolescent girls and their mothers on sexual hygiene should be done by AWW/HWF. Health care delivery system to be strengthened by training and capacity building of AWW/HWF.
A comparative interventional study on the efficacy of single and multiple dose combination drug regimen of leucorrhea among women in reproductive age group
Authors: K. Sivakumar , S. Ajay Raj , K. Sujatha
Published: March 2017

Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in women are becoming major public health problem not only in India but also over the world. Syndromic approach is advocated by World Health Organization (WHO) to manage common RTIs using clinical flow charts based on identifying a syndrome that cause the symptoms reported by patients. The most commonly reported among the women with RTIs is abnormal vaginal discharge or Leucorrhea. Single dose regimen is not preventing the recurrence of infections. A second course of treatment is required followed by standard single dose regimen for achieving better cure rate in chronic vaginal discharge. Objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of single dose drug combination regimen with multiple dose regimens in the treatment of leucorrhoea. Methods: Quasi-experimental study was done in Urban field service area, RMMCH – Chidambaram among Married women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge for ≥15 days coupled with any one of the symptoms suggestive of RTI. The study subjects were categorized into two groups – one with single dose regimen and the other with multiple dose regimen. Follow up was done on day 7, 15 and after 6 months of therapy. Results: A total of 113 subjects were recruited with 57 participants in single dose group and 56 in multiple dose groups. The subjects who received single dose had a better cure rate as compared to multiple dose group on day 7(87.7% & 85.7%), day 15 (94.7% & 89.3%) and after six months (84.2% & 76.8%) assessment respectively. Recurrence rate was found to be equal in both the groups. Our study indicates that variables such as age of the study subjects and type of flow had significant association with the outcome. Conclusions: Single-dose therapy is as effective as multiple- dose in the management of vaginal discharge based solely on symptoms. The multiple drug regimens can be given if the symptoms persist after single drug regimen as the chances of developing complications due to chronic vaginal discharge are high.
To study the patient satisfication at a tertiary care hospital in Malwa region of Punjab
Authors: Goshist Rahul , Monga Shamim , Devgan Shalini , Singh Baltej , Gupta Sanjay
Published: March 2017

Background: Many  factors  including  poor  systems  and  stress  of  the  caregivers  effects  the  quality  along  with  satisfaction  of  patients.  Patient satisfaction denotes the extent to which general health care needs of the clients are met to their requirements. Aim of the study to study the level of patient satisfaction. Methods: The structured questionnaire was administered to patients from in-patient areas. Illiterate patients were interviewed personally. The hospital had bed strength of 890 and the patients were followed in different departments till the completion of sample size. Results: More than half of the patients i.e. 58.6% and 54.7% responded that the stretcher availability and behavior of paramedical staff in emergency as poormore than half of the patients i.e. 58.6% and 54.7% responded that the stretcher availability and behavior of paramedical staff in emergency as poor, more than half of the patients i.e. 58.6% and 54.7% responded that the stretcher availability and behavior of paramedical staff in emergency as poor. Conclusions: Most patients rated the services of the hospital as excellent or good but a portion of patients were found to be unsatisfied in some areas i.e. cleanliness of toilets, wards, canteen and behaviors of paramedical staff.
Psychosocial factors in post-partum parents in India
Authors: Salian Shivani Chowdhury , Shah Krisha P.
Published: March 2017

Background: Post-partum period brings along with it a lot of changes and responsibilities. Fatigue, Stress, Depression and Bonding are some of the factors which have shown to affect the parents during this period. Present study assesses the psychosocial factors in post-partum parents and differences observed amongst them. The effect of other factors like the type of delivery of the youngest child, the working status of the mother and the type of family they reside in were also assessed. Methods: 128 pair of parents (64 mothers & 64 fathers) were interviewed using a Case Report Form after procuring their informed consent. The various psychosocial domains were evaluated using Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) and the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). For each participant, the total score (factorial total score in case of PBQ) in each scale was calculated and analysed. Results: On comparing the various psychosocial factors, fatigue (p-value 0.020), stress (p-value 0.034) and depression (p-value 0.005) levels were found to be significantly higher in mother as compared to fathers. Primiparous mothers had significantly high levels of stress (p-value 0.021) and depression (p-value 0.015) in comparison to primiparous fathers. Also, mothers who underwent C-section showed a significant difference (p-value 0.023) towards their tendency of incipient abuse towards the child as compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the bonding of mothers and fathers with their children is equal. However, the mothers are observed to be more fatigued, stressed and depressed as compared to fathers.
Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the healthcare workers despite low vaccination coverage for hepatitis B in Mumbai
Authors: Shah Dharmesh K. , Jain Samit S. , Khot Amol A. , Gharat Amit R. , Rajadhyaksha Girish C. , Rathi Pravin M.
Published: March 2017

Background: The risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections through exposure to blood or its products and contact with other body fluids is high amongst health care workers (HCWs). Despite potential risks, a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs. Aims: To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV, their possible association with occupational and non-occupational risk factors. We also studied the prevalence of vaccination for hepatitis B in different subgroups of study population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, total 1347 hospital staffs were screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. HBV is detected by HBsAg testing, and HCV is detected by anti-HCV testing by ELISA method. Positive results were confirmed by HBV DNA testing (Qualitative) and HCV RNA testing (Qualitative). A questionnaire used to collect data from study participants was pre-designed by the authors. Results: Out of total 1347 hospital staffs screened, 6 (0.4%) were HBsAg-positive and 2 (0.1%) were anti-HCV-positive. Only 54% had a history of complete vaccination, and 0.3% had incomplete vaccination. Vaccination coverage was highest in residents (76.7%), medical students (68.9%), nursing (66.1%), and teachers (61.4%) and lowest in servants (5.4%), office staff (6.6%), and lab technicians (24.3%). Awareness about the risk factor for transmission of HBV and HCV and complication related to them was 77.7%. It was highest in teachers (93.9%) and residents (97.8%), lowest in servants (16.3%). No statistically significant difference in the exposure to various risk factors among those who are HBsAg or anti-HCV-positive and HBsAg or anti-HCV-negative. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is not high in hospital staff than general population. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was below expectation in all the subgroups even in resident doctors and teachers.

 
A clinico- epidemiologic evaluation of pityriasis versicolor from a government hospital, India: conventional methods-still a thumbs up?
Authors: Sharma Yukti , Jain Sanjay , Chandra Kapil , Munegowda Krishna Chandrappa
Published: March 2017

Malassezia furfur, the etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor (PV), is a superficially occurring, benign, chronic, recurring fungal infection of the stratum corneum with a worldwide distribution. There is limited data from North India regarding prevalence and epidemiology. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to give an overview of the prevalence of fungi-associated skin infections, its clinical profile, and to find out the epidemiological characteristics over a period of 18 months, and to assess the use of conventional methods for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose 300 patients suspected of having superficial mycoses, were evaluated clinically on OPD basis in the Department of Dermatology and diagnosis was confirmed mycologically in Microbiology Department at Hindu Rao Hospital- Delhi. The total duration of study period was 18 months. RESULTS: In the present study, 36 (12%) patients were positive for PV. Majority of the patients were young adults. There is prominent seasonal variation of the patients with a peak in August, October, and November. Most of the lesions were hypopigmented macules (83.33%) and were potassium hydroxide positive. Most commonly involved sites were trunk (80.5%), scalp (5.5%), and arm (5.5%). Seborrheic dermatitis sometimes coexisted with PV. Rare areas like groin-involvement (2.7%) were also seen. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, 12% of studied population was positive for tinea versicolor, which is a high prevalence for this disease. The findings of this study indicated that pitriasis versicolor is an important health problem and diagnosis can be easily made on OPD basis using conventional methods.
Substitution of alcohol with carisoprodol: A case for concern
Authors: Pattanayak Raman Deep , Ambekar Atul , Chatterjee Biswadip , Ray Rajat
Published: March 2017

Carisoprodol, a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, is not a controlled substance. Despite some evidence for its abuse, certain aspects, e.g. nature of effects, existence of withdrawals, remain unclear till date. We discuss the case of a middle-aged male who presented with carisoprodol use for 10 years. He reported remarkable similarity of its psychoactive effects with alcohol leading to carisoprodol as primary drug of preference. Some withdrawals were also reported which need to be studied further. Awareness for its abuse/dependence potential and ensuring proper regulatory mechanisms is the need of the hour along with stimulation of research to resolve the unclear aspects.
Zur Situation der Moraltheologie im deutschsprachigen Raum nach „Veritatis Splendor”
Authors: Spindelböck Josef
Published: March 2017

Der Vorgabe des 2. Vatikanischen Konzils zur Erneuerung der Moraltheologie wurde nur teilweise entsprochen. In der Folge der Kontroverse um die Enzyklika „Humanae vitae” wurden grundlegende Inhalte der kirchlichen Morallehre infrage gestellt. Johannes Paul II. antwortete mit der Enzyklika „Veritatis Splendor” (=VS) auf diese Herausforderungen. In christologischer Verankerung stellt VS die Würde des Menschen heraus und setzt sich mit Konzepten auseinander, welche dem christlichen Menschenbild widersprechen. Nach einer Phase der Kritik der Enzyklika durch relevante Moraltheologen hat im deutschsprachigen Raum eine wenn auch zögerliche Erneuerung der Moraltheologie im Geiste von VS eingesetzt.
The Appeal of Polish Churches for the Protection of Creation
Authors: Pawłowski Sławomir
Published: March 2017

The article presents the Appeal of Polish Churches for the protection of creation. It was signed the 16 January 2013 in Warsaw by heads of seven Churches belonging to the Polish Ecumenical Council and the Chairman of the Polish Bishops’ Conference of the Catholic Church. This ecumenical statement is an appeal and also a request to preserve creation as a work of God.
Chrystopraksyzm refleksji teologiczno-moralnej
Authors: Zadykowicz Tadeusz
Published: March 2017

Teologia moralna, jak każda nauka, posiada nade wszystko cele poznawcze. Ze względu jednak na przedmiot można mówić także o praktycznym wymiarze refleksji teologicznomoralnej. Tym przedmiotem jest bowiem ludzkie działanie (praxis), które teologia moralna nie tylko opisuje, ale także określa wskazując obowiązujące w nim normy moralne. Wyjaśniając i argumentując zasady i normy moralne, teologia moralna ma na względzie pełnię, którą człowiek winien urzeczywistnić we własnym życiu i działaniu. Urzeczywistnienie tej pełni następuje w konkretnej sytuacji życiowej. Dlatego istotną, praktyczną częścią posługi teologów moralistów jest aplikacja zasad i norm do szczegółowych postaw i dziedzin ludzkiego życia. Żadna z tych dziedzin nie jest wyłączona poza zakres zainteresowań teologii moralnej. Analiza tych dziedzin stanowi punkt wyjścia dla refleksji o charakterze teologiczno-etycznym ukierunkowanej na formowanie postaw.
Zwrot antropologiczny w posoborowej teologii moralnej
Authors: Pokrywka Marian
Published: March 2017

Na kształt współczesnej refleksji teologicznomoralnej istotny wpływ wywarł Sobór Watykański II poprzez wezwanie do odnowy dyscyplin teologicznych. Wśród soborowych postulatów odnowy omawianej dyscypliny znalazł się rys antropologiczny, mający na celu dowartościowanie człowieka w kręgu problematyki moralnej. Zaowocował on w posoborowej teologii wyraźnym zwrotem antropologicznym. Określenie „zwrot antropologiczny”, które pojawiło się w teologii za sprawą Karla Rahnera, należy odczytywać chrystologicznie. Dopiero wówczas uniknie się takiego antropocentryzmu, który grozi horyzontalnymi tendencjami w teologii i„antropologiczną redukcją” chrześcijańskiego orędzia. Koncentracja chrystologiczna w podejściu do moralności chrześcijańskiej nie może zamykać chrześcijan na prawdziwy dialog ze współczesnym światem. Współczesna kultura charakteryzuje się różnorodnością koncepcji człowieka. W tym kontekście trzeba dziś mówić o konieczności „sporu o człowieka”. Najważniejsza oś sporu przebiega pomiędzy integralną koncepcją człowieka a różnego rodzaju wizjami redukcyjnymi.
Jana Pawła II koncepcja rozwoju człowieka
Authors: Picur Tomasz
Published: March 2017

Jednym z fundamentalnych tematów antropologicznych nauczania Jana Pawła II jest prawda o dynamicznej strukturze ludzkiego bytu, która otwiera człowieka na możliwość osobowego rozwoju. Rzetelny namysł nad człowiekiem pozwala zauważyć, iż jako jednostka gatunku, zawsze jest on sobą (homo sapiens) i nie może istnieć inaczej. Jego ontyczny status pozostaje niezmienny, bez względu na cechujące go aktualnie dyspozycje, sprawności czy przymioty moralne. Jednakże jako osobowy podmiot może on swoje człowieczeństwo coraz pełniej urzeczywistniać albo zatracać. Twórcza aktywność człowieka nie ogranicza się bowiem jedynie do świata zewnętrznego. Na mocy właściwej mu struktury samostanowienia, przez wszystko co czyni, kształtuje on najpierw i przede wszystkim siebie samego. Jako podmiot i zarazem przedmiot swego działania, staje się jego twórcą i jednocześnie pierwszym tworzywem. Ten charakterystyczny dla niego dynamizm ma wpływ nie tylko na jego sferę akcydentalną, ale dotyczy samej istoty jego osobowego bytu, sprawiając, że człowiek jest w stanie przekraczać siebie samego. Istotna dla rozwoju osoby triada wartości: prawda – dobro – wolność, prowadzi do postawy miłości, która zarówno w porządku doczesnym, jak i wiecznym okazuje się spełnieniem ludzkiego bytu. Jako przykład w pełni urzeczywistnionego człowieczeństwa Jan Paweł II stawia Osobę Jezusa Chrystusa.
Geneza światopoglądu cesarza Marka Aureliusza i postępowanie względem poddanych w latach 161-180
Authors: Trzebuniak Józef
Published: March 2017

Praca ma charakter historyczny-biograficzny i opisuje tło epoki oraz środowisko, w którym wzrastał Marek Aureliusz. Pokazuje, w jaki sposób cesarz w latach 161-180 realizował zasady moralne w codziennym życiu, w stosunku do samego siebie, drugiego człowieka i do bogów.
Przedstawiona jest zatem historia życia Marka Aureliusza ijej wpływ na formowanie poglądów autora Rozmyślań. Praca dowodzi, że geneza światopoglądu cesarza-filozofa ma swój początek w środowisku rodzinnym i wychowaniu, jakie otrzymał od swoich nauczycieli, którymi byli przeważnie stoicy. Wpłynęły na nią również wszystkie doświadczenia wojenne, jakie zdobył podczas walk z wrogami imperium. Liczne przykłady potwierdzają zaś, że myśliciel z wielką dyscypliną wewnętrzną stosował się do zasad moralnych i wykorzystywał je w praktyce zarządzania imperium.
Przedstawione zostały również skutki wypracowanych przez myśliciela wartości oraz ich wpływ na stosunek do siebie, ludzi i bogów. Postępowanie cesarza było bowiem bardzo uzależnione od wypadków zewnętrznych, które go dotykały. W czasie dwudziestu lat jego panowania w charakterze augusta spadły na Rzym liczne nieszczęścia, katastrofy i wojny. Marek Aureliusz, mimo niesprzyjających okoliczności, pozostał wierny przekonaniu o niewzruszoności zasad etycznych w swoim życiu i był pewien, że dobro najwyższe, polegające na tryumfie sprawiedliwości, stanowi zarazem oparcie wszelkich cnót.
Źródłami opisywanych zagadnień są zarówno spisane po grecku Rozmyślania autorstwa Marka Aureliusza, a także dwie podstawowe biografie cesarza napisane przez Charles'a Parain i Pierre'a Grimal oraz bogata literatura przedmiotu podana w załączniku.
Mimo niektórych faktów historycznych, które ukazują Marka Aureliusza w złym świetle, praca przedstawia go jako filozofa ze zdecydowanymi przekonaniami moralnymi. Opierał się bowiem na wartościach, do których sam dochodził poprzez ciężką pracę nad sobą, głęboką refleksję nad życiem, a także dzięki wsparciu środowiska i ludzi, którzy go otaczali.
Rola zaufania społecznego w kształtowaniu standardu transparentności nadzoru korporacyjnego w spółkach komunalnych
Authors: Zieliński Bartłomiej
Published: March 2017

Ocenie funkcjonowania nadzoru korporacyjnego w Polsce poświęcono wiele publikacji. Zagadnienie to w sposób pośredni dotyczy każdego człowieka, szczególnie wtedy, gdy mowa jest o nadzorze na spółkami komunalnymi. Artykuł stanowi próbę przedstawienia idei zaufania społecznego jako istotnego elementu w nadzorze korporacyjnym spółek kapitałowych z udziałem jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Zauważona jest w nim konieczność podnoszenia standardów w zakresie transparentności w takich przedsiębiorstwach. Artykuł jest także propozycją uwzględnienia teorii socjologicznych w badaniach nad nadzorem korporacyjnym.
MODEL ORGANIZACIJSKOG ZDRAVLJA: PREDIKCIJA BLAGOSTANJA ZAPOSLENIH I ORGANIZACIJSKE USPEŠNOSTI
Authors: Popov Boris , Raković Sara , Jelić Dragana
Published: March 2017

Model organizacijskog zdravlja pravi zaokret u tradiciji proučavanja stresa na radu, jer se simultano fokusira kako na individualne indikatore blagostanja, tako i na pokazatelje organizacijske uspešnosti. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je da na osnovu intenziteta pozitivnih i negativnih iskustava na radu predvidi neke od pokazatelja organizacijskog zdravlja, kao što su nivo izgaranja i radne angažovanosti, te odgovorno organizacijsko ponašanje i namera za napuštanje organizacije. 477 zaposlenih (prosečne starosti oko 39 godina) iz 18 kompanija sa teritorije AP Vojvodine popunilo je Skalu pozitivnih i negativnih iskustava na radu (PNWES), Skalu izgaranja (WB), Upitnik radne angažovanosti (UWES-9), Srpski inventar afekata (SIAB-PANAS), skraćenu verziju Skale privrežnosti organizaciji (OCS), te Skalu odgovornog organizacijskog ponašanja (OCBS) i Skalu namere za napuštanje organizacije (NNO). Rezultati modelovanja pomoću strukturalnih jednačina pokazali su da testirani hipotetski model ima dobre indekse podesnosti i da su relacije među varijablama očekivanog smera. Tako je pokazano da pozitivna iskustva na radu predviđaju radnu angažovanost, i indirektno, odgovorno ponašanje na radu. Sa druge strane, negativna iskustva predviđaju izgaranje i, indirektno, nameru za napuštanje organizacije. Privrženost se pokazala kao centralni medijator u modelu. Rezultati su diskutovani u kontekstu Modela oragnizacijskog zdravlja, a istaknute su i praktične koristi od dobijenih nalaza.
Hukum Pernikahan di Kesultanan Melaka Abad ke-15 dan ke-16 M
Authors: Yakin Ayang Utriza
Published: March 2017

This article examines legal aspects of Marriage law in the Sultanate of Malaka in the 15th and 16th centuries. It focuses on some legal aspects of Undang-undang Melaka (a text of laws of Melaka) represented by Liaw Yock Fang, regarding the issues of marriage such as wali (marriage guardian), ijāb-qabūl (consent of both parties), witness(es), t\alāq (repudiation), faskh (broken marriage contract), interfaith marriage and marrying slave. This study aims to know the source of the marriage laws of Undang-Undang Melaka (UUM). It shows that UUM was a collection of common law in Melaka and consisted of Islamic law. One aspect of Islamic laws was marriage law. In UUM, the legal aspect was based on fiqh of several schools (madhhab), particularly the al-Shāfi‘ī school derived from al-Iqnā’ written by al-Sharbini. This finding also refuses the previous research finding stating that it was derived from al-Taqrīb by Abū Shujā‘.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1248
Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer Abdullah Saeed dan Implementasinya dalam Persoalan Murtad
Authors: Musif Ach
Published: March 2017

Western media coverage on Islam and especially on terror attacks by Muslims has been exaggerated and pejorative. This stereotyping has portrayed Islam as problems. First, Islam is seen as sluggish in responding modernity and the advance of science and knowledge so it always lacks behind the West. Second, Islam is associated with extremism and terrorism which are incompatible with the West. Therefore, the emergence of rational thinking and cosmopolitan approach to Islam promoted by Muslim reformists, such as Abdullah Saeed, are very urgent to encounter such stereotype and discourse on Islam in the West. This article examines Saeed’s method called “progressive Islam”.  By taking one example of conversion (murtād), this article elucidates how the method of ijtihād progressive is applied in one of the most controversial topics in Islamic law. This study shows that the law on murtād, as it was introduced by classical Muslim jurists, is now adopted by Muslim countries. However, such adoption does not have a sound ground on the Qur’anic texts and the Sunnah.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1251
Pembaharuan Atas Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia: Satu Tinjauan Sosiologis
Authors: Haris Munawir
Published: March 2017

The renewal of Islamic law is essentially contrary to something that already exists (existing) then undergoes a qualitative change as a product of interaction in public life. It could be argued that the process of renewal of Islamic law is seen as something autonomous, but it also interacts with other elements in society that occur interdependently. Therefore, the concept of renewal of Islamic law requires adaptive stance with social conditions in which it interacts. In this case, the realization of the principle of al-muh}āfaz}atu ‘alā al-qadīmi al-s\ālih} wa al-akhdhu bi al-jadīd al-as\lah} (Maintaining the old one if it is still good and accept the new or changed if it is considered better) became a necessity. Within the framework of family law renewal in Indonesia, Islamic law has a very strategic and important role. From the sociological point of view, Islamic family law has deeply rooted in the Muslim daily live and become a living law in the midst of the majority of Indonesian people. Renewal of Islamic law in the context of family law in Indonesia includes four categories namely fiqh, fatwā, jurisprudence and legislation. This article explores these four categories and shows how reform influence these domains.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1254