bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Rights and Views of the Catholic Church under Habermas Discourse Theory
Authors: Madung Otto Gusti Ndegong , Sihombing Adison Adrianus , Prasojo Zaenuddin Hudi
Published: January 2024

This article aims to explain the views of the Catholic Church on human rights and put them into dialogue with the concept of human rights based on discourse theory as put forward by Jürgen Habermas. In the view of the Catholic Church, the ethical basis for the concept of human rights is the biblical view of human beings as being made in the image of God, which later became the forerunner to the birth of the concept of human dignity and the ethical basis for human rights. This article shows that the discourse theory rejects this theological model of justification for human rights. The criticism of the discourse theory as it relates to an absolute paradigm is that the absolute paradigm requires metaphysical premises. However, in a modern society characterized by a pluralism of worldviews and philosophical and religious beliefs, such metaphysical claims are no longer acceptable. Through the lens of discourse theory, the foundation of the notion of human rights cannot be based on the pre-political basis of religious values. This discourse theory grounding model is based on the conditions of contemporary post-metaphysical society, characterized by a plurality of comprehensive doctrines. However, Habermas emphasizes the role of religion in the public sphere in promoting human rights. He advocates for the reinvention of public reason by encouraging religious people to translate sacred terms into secular language when entering formal political spaces. According to Habermas’ theories, democratic decision-making must allow citizens the right to use religious terms in public debate. Furthermore, this article shows that discourse theory creates a roadmap for human rights by allowing religion, law, and politics to coexist. Only if we adhere to the principles of discourse theory can we guarantee the fair and just participation of both secular and religious members in a democratic constitutional state.
Keywords: Human Rights, Catholic Church, Religion, Habermas’s Discourse Theory
Human Rights and Its Contested Legal Paradigm
Authors: Putro Widodo Dwi
Published: January 2024

This article examines the philosophical foundation of the tension between two contested legal paradigms, namely the Sociological Jurisprudence and Historical School of Jurisprudence, and how the contestation affects human rights discourse in Indonesia. Sociological jurisprudence perceives law as a tool of social engineering, while the Historical School of Jurisprudence argues that the development of law is a subconscious and organic process. Such contested legal paradigms are relevant to the case of “kawin tangkap” or bride kidnapping in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. This is certainly problematic from the human rights perspective, as it is contradictory to the protection of women and children. However, like in some other traditions, the practice has been continuously preserved in local communities. The article employs legal anthropology research methods to delve into the symbols and meanings embedded within the customary laws obeyed by local communities. Additionally, this research utilizes legal philosophy methodologies to scrutinize paradigmatic disputes among schools of thought and how these disputes affect the rights of women. The study also investigates variances in perspectives concerning customary law, state law, and human rights, particularly in the context of examining the tradition of captive bride kidnapping. The challenge lies in how human rights can be employed to foster a gradual shift away from deeply ingrained patriarchal cultural norms and practices, with the aim of enhancing the protection of women’s and children’s rights, all while preserving customary laws and the harmony of local communities. This article endeavors to address this challenge by advocating for effective communication strategies that encourage local communities to embrace human rights principles and abide by the law, driven by rational awareness. The findings from this research conscientiously raise awareness about human rights within local communities through effective legal communication, without disrupting the existing local order.
 
Keywords: Human Rights, Historical School of Jurisprudence, Bride Kidnapping, Sociological Jurisprudence, Communication.
Possibilities to modify the properties of the AW7075 aluminum alloy for the automotive industry
Authors: Jasiński Robert , Chruścielski Grzegorz
Published: January 2024

The paper investigated the AW7075 aluminum alloy that is used in the automotive industry. The alloy is widely used, among others, in the production of heads and engine blocks. The possibility of obtaining various properties of the alloy (material states) by appropriate heat treatment (saturation and aging) was demonstrated. The results of strength, hardness, abrasion and fracture toughness tests of the alloy in the T73, RRA and HTPP aging treatments, in comparison with the T651 reference state, are presented. The need to select the appropriate parameters of heat treatment in relation to the load conditions of the structural element, especially in elements with notches, was indicated. Depending on the state of the AW7075 alloy, the results prove the wide and diverse possibilities of its use, and should be used consciously in the design and production processes of modern automotive drivetrain components.
Finite Element Method analysis application in identifying the causes of brake disc failure
Authors: Ambroszko Wojciech , Dudziński Włodzimierz , Walczak Sławomir
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of brake disc tests aimed at identifying the causes of its failure. The first part of the article presents an analysis of the damageability of selected vehicle components, which showed that among the reported failures, the most failure was the braking system.
The assessment of the brake disc worn "properly" as a result of operation and the deformed brake disc after a very short period of operation, which was the subject of further analysis. The next part of the article presents issues related to the modeling of thermal loads, and then, trying to assess and search for the cause of abnormal wear of the brake system element, the use of the Finite Element Method for the analysis and assessment of brake disc wear was proposed. In the final part of the article, conclusions and directions for further work were formulated.
Exploring nature-behaviour relationship of carbon black materials for potassium-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Trano Sabrina , Versaci Daniele , Castellino Micaela , Fontana Marco , Fagiolari Lucia , Francia Carlotta , Bella Federico
Published: January 2024

An essential component of a working electrode is the conductive additive: whether it is used in very low amounts or constitutes the conductive matrix, its electrochemical response is not negligible. Commercially diffused carbon black species (i.e., Super P, Super C65, and Super C45) still lack an in-depth electrochemical characterisation in the emerging field of potassium-ion battery systems, which are on the way towards large-scale stationary storage application. Thus, this work aims to provide strong tools to discriminate their active role in such secondary cells. First, the effect of their pseudo-amorphous structure on the storage mechanism of potassium ions, which tend mainly to adsorb on their surface rather than intercalate within graphene layers, leading to a pseudocapacitive response, is discussed. Then, Dunn’s and Trasatti’s methods are considered to identify the potential ranges in which surface-dominated reactions occur, quantifying their weight at the same time. This observation is surely linked with surface properties and exposed functional groups; thus, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is exploited to correlate electrochemical features with both pristine and cycled surfaces of the carbon black species.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in MYBPC3 carriers in aging
Authors: Ananthamohan Kalyani , Stelzer Julian E. , Sadayappan Sakthivel
Published: January 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by abnormal thickening of the myocardium, leading to arrhythmias, heart failure, and elevated risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly among the young. This inherited disease is predominantly caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes, among which those in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C3 (MYBPC3 ) gene are major contributors. HCM associated with MYBPC3 mutations usually presents in the elderly and ranges from asymptomatic to symptomatic forms, affecting numerous cardiac functions and presenting significant health risks with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Regulation of MYBPC3 expression involves various transcriptional and translational mechanisms, yet the destiny of mutant MYBPC3 mRNA and protein in late-onset HCM remains unclear. Pathogenesis related to MYBPC3 mutations includes nonsense-mediated decay, alternative splicing, and ubiquitin-proteasome system events, leading to allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency. Aging further exacerbates the severity of HCM in carriers of MYBPC3 mutations. Advancements in high-throughput omics techniques have identified crucial molecular events and regulatory disruptions in cardiomyocytes expressing MYBPC3 variants. This review assesses the pathogenic mechanisms that promote late-onset HCM through the lens of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulation of MYBPC3 , underscoring its significance in HCM across carriers. The review also evaluates the influence of aging on these processes and MYBPC3 levels during HCM pathogenesis in the elderly. While pinpointing targets for novel medical interventions to conserve cardiac function remains challenging, the emergence of personalized omics offers promising avenues for future HCM treatments, particularly for late-onset cases.
Experimental Study of Cavitation Control Around a Circular Cylinder Using a Passive Control Method
Authors: Kadivar Ebrahim , Dawoodian Mazyar , Lin Yuxing , El Moctar Ould
Published: January 2024

Experimental investigations were conducted to uncover the impact of cavitation control - through the use of riblets (mesoscale surface structuring) - on cavitating flows around a circular cylinder. First, the dynamics of cavitation in the flow behind a finite cylinder (without riblets) was unveiled by visualizing the cavitation clouds and measuring the lift force fluctuations acting on the cylinder. Second, as a significant step forward, a comprehensive explanation was provided for the mechanism of cavitation control using two bio-inspired riblet morphologies positioned in different orientations and locations on the cylinder. For the first time, the effects of these tiny structures on the flow dynamics and the associated cavitation process were scrutinized. This showed that scalloped riblets, with their curved design, induced secondary vortices near their tips and distorted primary streamwise vortices, and that high velocity gradients near the jagged pattern peaks of sawtooth riblets delayed flow separation, which affected cavitation.
Finger Vein Identification Based on Large Kernel Convolution and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Li Meihui , Gong Yufei , Zheng Zhaohui
Published: January 2024

FV (finger vein) identification is a biometric identification technology that extracts the features of FV images for identity authentication. To address the limitations of CNN-based FV identification, particularly the challenge of small receptive fields and difficulty in capturing long-range dependencies, an FV identification method Let-Net(Large kernel and attention mechanism Network) was introduced, which combines local and global information. Firstly, Let-Net employs large kernels to broaden the receptive field and incorporates depthwise convolution with residual connections to reduce parameter count. Secondly, Let-Net integrates an attention mechanism to enhance the information flows in channels and spaces for more comprehensive and distinctive FV feature extraction. The experimental results on nine public datasets show that Let-Net has excellent identification performance, and the EER and accuracy rate on the FV_USM dataset can reach 0.04% and 99.77%. The parameter number and FLOPs of Let-Net are only 0.89M and 0.25G, which means that the time cost of training and reasoning of the model is low, and it is easier to deploy and integrate into various applications.
How Can Artificial Intelligent Be Implemented Effectively in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Japan?
Authors: Kawasaki Ryo
Published: January 2024

In conclusion, this review highlights the challenges in the current screening pathway and the potential for AI, particularly LLM, to revolutionize DR screening in Japan. The future direction will depend on leadership from ophthalmologists and stakeholders to address long-standing challenges in DR screening so that all people have access to accessible and effective screening.
Nonlocal Strain Gradient Anisotropic Elastic Shell Model for Vibration Analysis of Single‒walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Strozzi Matteo , Elishakoff Isaac E. , Bochicchio Michele , Cocconcelli Marco , Rubini Riccardo , Radi Enrico
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a novel nonlocal strain gradient anisotropic elastic shell model is developed to analyse the vibrations of simply supported single‒walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Sanders‒Koiter shell theory is used to obtain the strain‒displacement relationships. Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory and Mindlin strain gradient theory are adopted to derive the constitutive equations, where the anisotropic elastic constants are expressed via Chang molecular mechanics model. The complex variable method is used to analytically solve the equations of motion and to obtain the natural frequencies of SWCNTs. First, the anisotropic elastic shell model is validated via comparisons with the results of molecular dynamics simulations reported in the literature. Then, the effect of nonlocal and material parameters on the natural frequencies of SWCNTs with different geometries and wavenumbers is analysed. From the numerical simulations it is obtained that the natural frequencies decrease with increasing nonlocal parameter, while they increase with increasing material parameter. Moreover, the decrease of natural frequencies with increasing SWCNT radius is exponential as the material parameter increases, while it is linear as the nonlocal parameter increases. Finally, as the number of waves increases, the natural frequencies linearly vary with increasing nonlocal parameter, while they exponentially increase with increasing material parameter.
Assessment of Recreational Value in a Protected Forest Area considering the New Environmental Paradigm (Case Study: Helen Forest, Southwestern Iran)
Authors: Khalili Ardali Zohreh , Amirnejad Hamid , Mohammadi Limaei Soleiman , Salehi Sadegh
Published: January 2024

There is less attention to use an environmental perspective in economic valuation and individuals' willingness to pay for recreational sites. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use contingent valuation methods to estimate the recreational value and willingness to pay of visitors to the protected area of Helen forest, considering the scale of the new environmental paradigm (NEP). To achieve this, the sample size for survey was determined using the Cochran method, and then economic valuation and environmental perspective questions were designed and completed through the completion of a dual-dimensional questionnaire and NEP scale. To determine the factors influencing individuals' willingness to pay, the logistic regression model was employed. In this study, two modeling approaches were used. The first utilized a base model containing socio-economic variables, while the second model integrated a NEP into the base, and subsequent estimations were conducted. The results indicated that 83.04% of visitors are willing to pay an amount for the recreational use of the study area. The estimated model results demonstrated that variables such as the proposed amount, frequency of visits, environmental statement, age, gender, education, individual monthly income, residency, and the NEP are among the most influential factors affecting the likelihood of accepting the proposed amount by tourists. The strong and positive correlation between the NEP and willingness to pay indicates that individuals with a favorable environmental perspective tend to exhibit a higher willingness to pay. In this study, the average willingness to pay per household per visit was 199,793 Rials, and the annual recreational value for the entire Helen forest area was 23746832564 Rials. Furthermore, the survey results regarding visitors' perspective on the NEP revealed that the average NEP score for visitors to Helen forest was 36.57, with the statement 'plants and animals have similar rights to humans' receiving the highest average score of 28.4. The result of this study shows the importance of environmental perspective for sustainable management of a recreational site to balance economic development with environmental conservation and social well-being.
Dynamic Programming of Electric Vehicle Reservation Charging and Battery Preheating Strategies Considering Time-of-use Electricity Price
Authors: Zhu Bo , Bao Chengwu , Yao Mingyao , Qi Zhengchun
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles can effectively make use of the time-of-use electricity price to reduce the charging cost, meanwhile using the grid power to preheat the battery before departure is particularly important for improving the vehicle mileage and reducing the use cost.In this paper, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to optimize the battery AC charging-preheating strategy to minimize the total cost of battery charging and preheating, with the charging current and battery preheating power consumption as the control variables. The cost difference between the optimized control strategy and the conventional preheating strategy was analyzed under different ambient temperatures (-20℃~ 0℃) and different target travel time (7:00 ~ 12:00). The simulation results show that the optimized control strategy makes the battery SOC and temperature reach the set value at the user's target departure time, and the total cost of the grid is the lowest. Compared with the conventional preheating strategy, the optimized control strategy can utilize the power grid energy in the valley price area, reduce the opening time of water heating PTC in the flat and the peak price zones, and the cost utilization rate can reach 18.41% ~ 73.96%, and the cost-saving effect is significant.
Image Steganography and Style Transformation based on Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Xinpeng , Chen Kejiang , Feng Guorui , Wu Deyang , Zhang Weiming
Published: January 2024

Traditional image steganography conceals secret messages into unprocessed natural images by modifying the pixel value, causing the obtained stego different from the original image in terms of statistical distribution, thereby could be detected by a well-trained classifier for steganalysis. To ensure the steganography is imperceptible and in line with the trend of art images produced by Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) becoming popular in social networks, this paper proposes to embed hidden information throughout the process of the generation of an art-style image by designing an image style transformation neural network with steganography function. The proposed scheme takes a content image, an art-style image, and messages to be embedded as inputs, processing them with an encoder-decoder model, and finally generates a styled image containing the secret messages at the same time. An adversarial training technique is applied to enhance the imperceptibility of the generated art-styled stego image with from plain style-transferred images. The lack of the original cover image makes it difficult for the opponent learning a steganalyzer to identify the stego. The recommended approach can successfully withstand existing steganalysis techniques and attain the embedding capacity of 3 bits per pixel for a color image, according to experimental results.
Nosotras las académicas fronterizas. Trayectorias vitales de mujeres en la academia
Authors: Bustillos Durán Sandra , Bustamante Luisa Daniela
Published: January 2024

La desigualdad de género caracteriza todos los ámbitos de la vida en México y la academia no es la excepción. No obstante los logros de las últimas décadas en la implementación de políticas públicas sobre el tema queda un gran camino para lograr la igualdad plena. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las trayectorias vitales de académicas de Ciudad Juárez adscritas al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt), para identificar la influencia de estereotipos de género, techos de cristal, obstáculos, dificultades y oportunidades, para la conciliación entre la vida privada doméstica y la laboral pública, así como explorar autopercepciones de aportes realizados.
Esaú Araujo: amorfia, movimiento y frontera
Authors: Reyes Vásquez Eduardo Ismael
Published: January 2024

Cesar Esaú Araujo Jurado es un artista visual fronterizo, egresado de la Licenciatura en Artes Visuales de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, con especialidad en pintura y fotografía. También cursó una maestría en Artes en el Programa Lenguajes Contemporáneos de las Artes Visuales de la Universidad de Guanajuato.
Los cincuenta años de la UACJ, un acontecimiento cultural en Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Escobedo Vargas Alpha Elena
Published: January 2024

El 10 de octubre de 1973 se formalizó la existencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
Amigos y Enemigos. Una etnografía digital de la polarización afectiva
Authors: Zapatero Romero Tania
Published: January 2024

ESTE TRABAJO PRETENDE MOSTRAR LOS MODOS DE GENERAR una distancia emocional entre el afecto que despiertan quienes expresan ideas políticas afines en contraposición con el rechazo profundo hacia quienes tienen opiniones contrarias. Se presentan algunos hallazgos sobre el fenómeno de la polarización afectiva con base en una aproximación exploratoria en grupos de Facebook, los cuales devienen en espacios de interacción donde acontece parte significativa de la discusión pública actual.
La importancia de György Lukács en las humanidades a través de la literatura
Authors: P. Bañuelos Joel
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo plantear la importancia de György Lukács en las humanidades visto desde la literatura. Esta perspectiva posibilita la oportunidad de reflexionar y comentar sobre la importancia que le dio Lukács al lenguaje y así poder hacer una serie de lecturas filosóficas a la obra literaria.
Microentrepreneurs in Public Health Promotion: Implementation of a Street Vendor–Led COVID-19 Recovery Initiative in Los Angeles, California
Authors: Moon Kyle J. , Montiel Gloria Itzel , Vazquez Rosa , Rodriguez Destinee , Nawaz Saira
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated long-standing inequities, galvanizing new investments and community feedback to improve recovery programs. This implementation evaluation offers descriptive evidence of the feasibility of engaging street vendors to (1) facilitate linkage to services for undocumented Latinx communities, (2) strengthen health promotion by gathering community feedback, and (3) enhance economic opportunity by recognizing and addressing systemic challenges in which vendors operate. Future work should assess the effectiveness of mobilizing existing community messengers around entrenched social determinants of health. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S78–S81. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307453 )
Regulations and Funding to Create Enterprise Architecture for a Nationwide Health Data Ecosystem
Authors: Seidman Gabriel , AlKasir Ahmad , Ricker Kate , Lane J. T. , Zink Anne B. , Williams Michelle A.
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the United States’ lack of a nationwide infrastructure for collecting, sharing, and using health data, especially for secondary uses (e.g., population health management and public health). The federal government is taking several important steps to upgrade the nation’s health data ecosystem—notably, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Data Modernization Initiative and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology’s Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement.

However, substantial barriers remain. Inconsistent regulations, infrastructure, and governance across federal and state levels and between states significantly impede the exchange and analysis of health data. Siloed systems and insufficient funding block effective integration of clinical, public health, and social determinants data within and between states.

In this analytic essay, we propose strategies to develop a nationwide health data ecosystem. We focus on providing federal guidance and incentives to develop state-designated entities responsible for the collection, integration, and analysis of clinical, public health, social determinants of health, claims, administrative, and other relevant data. These recommendations include a regulatory clearinghouse, federal guidance, model legislation and templated regulation, funding to incentive enterprise architecture, regulatory sandboxes, and a 3-pronged research agenda. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(2):209–217. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307477 )
Grassroots and Digital Outreach Strategies Raise Awareness of COVID-19 Information and Research in Baltimore City
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Stevens Sarah C. , Young Donald , Lacanienta Cyd T. , Tomiwa Tosin , Vazquez Monica Guerrero , Olawole Wura , Zhu Trinity , Lewis-Land Cassie , Clark Roger , Peeler Anna , Byiringiro Samuel , Cook Brittany , Weston Christine , Bronner Yvonne , Rich Tim , Himmelfarb Cheryl R.
Published: January 2024

We aimed to disseminate reliable COVID-19 information to the Black and Latino communities of Baltimore City, Maryland, between July 2020 and December 2022. With community partners, we disseminated evidence-based COVID-19 information via grassroots and digital strategies, including Hopkins Opportunity for Participant Engagement, and connected volunteers to COVID-19 research. Using a multimodal approach facilitated dissemination of reliable information and raised awareness of research; evaluation of trust is ongoing. Robust, multimodal strategies are needed to foster trust and equity among diverse communities. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S69–S73. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307492 )
Classifying and benchmarking high-entropy alloys and associated materials for electrocatalysis : a brief review of best practices
Authors: Glasscott Matthew
Published: January 2024

In light of the immense compositional diversity of high-entropy materials (HEMs) recently reported (e.g., high-entropy chalcogenides, perovskites, ceramics, etc.) and the relatively amorphous definition of High-Entropy, it is imperative that consistent material classification and benchmarking practices be employed to facilitate comparison between reported figures of merit. In this opinion, an updated form of the numerical high-entropy definition is reviewed, which renders a universal entropy metric applicable to high-entropy alloys and emerging HEMs alike. Analytical methods to verify the existence of a solid-solution microstructure, elucidate atomic valence states, and probe atomic disorder are discussed with literature examples to facilitate the physical classification of HEMs. Electrocatalytic benchmarking is discussed in the context of water-splitting reactions and best practices are reviewed for determining the electrocatalytically active surface area, reaction overpotential, and electrocatalyst stability.
Assessment of the Potency of Ceftiofur Sodium Powder through Validated Microbiological Method
Authors:   Pharmacopoeial Associate, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, Government of India., Kumari Bhavna , Teotia Anil Kumar ,   Principal Scientific Officer, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, Government of India., Thota Prasad ,   Scientific Officer, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, Government of India., Kumar Piyush ,   Pharmacopoeial Scientist,  Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, Government of India., Pandey Manoj Kumar ,   Senior Scientific Officer, Microbiology Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, Government of India., Raghuvanshi Rajeev Singh ,   Secretary-cum-Scientific Director, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, Government of India.
Published: January 2024

Ceftiofur Sodium is a semi-synthetic beta-lactamase broad spectrum third generation of cephalosporin antibiotic. The development and validation of a two-level agar diffusion (2+2) bioassay to quantify ceftiofur in powder for injection is described in this paper. Bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MTCC 441) was selected and used as the most significant strain against ceftiofur sodium. The mean potency recovery value of ceftiofur sodium in marketed sample XCEFT powder for injection was estimated to be 101.79%. All potency results were statistically analyzed and found to be linear (r2 = 0.9916) in the range of 1.0-10 µgmL-1, with the intermediate precision RSD between days was 0.81%; intermediate precision RSD between analyst was 0.43% and accuracy 101.08%, RSD = 0.28%. The findings backed up the proposed microbiological technique, which allowed for accurate ceftiofur sodium quantification in pharmaceutical samples. Furthermore, bioassay is a useful, easy and cost-effective method for controlling the quality of ceftiofur sodium in raw material as well as in pharmaceutical preparations.
The association between common mental disorders, socioeconomic outcomes and social mobility: A systematic review
Authors: Oshinowo Iyinoluwa Deborah , Barnett Phoebe , Cooper Christopher , Smith Shubulade , Taylor Clare , Pilling Stephen
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to identify published evidence on the association between common mental disorders (CMDs), changes in socioeconomic outcomes, and social mobility.
Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted across seven databases up to May 2022. Quantitative studies were included based on the following criteria: 1) cohort study design, 2) the population had a common mental disorder, 3) Outcomes reported related to social mobility and social class (due to the limited direct measures of social mobility and social class, changes in socioeconomic outcomes were included as proxies of social mobility). The identified studies were analysed using narrative synthesis.
Results: There was more evidence for the negative intragenerational than intergenerational association of CMDs on educational attainment, income, and occupational status. Considering the intergenerational association on educational attainment, there was an association between parental mental health disorders on parent-child interactions which subsequently affects their child’s mental health. This in turn may negatively impact their child’s educational progression. Only one study investigated the direct association of CMDs with changes in social class and subsequent social mobility.
Conclusion: Given the evidence of the negative intragenerational association between CMDs and socioeconomic outcomes, it is important to promote mental health interventions adapted to the work and educational environment that adequately equip individuals to maintain their own mental health. Additionally, within the home environment, there is a need to further understand how negative parent-child interactions impact a child’s mental health and develop strategies to mitigate how this may impact subsequent social mobility.
Habituation to threats in times of crisis: Lessons from the temporal trajectory of risk perceptions throughout COVID-19
Authors: Grillo Tito L.H. , Henderson Ty , Ward Adrian F.
Published: January 2024

From wars to epidemics to economic recessions, societies worldwide are subject to extended periods of crisis. Perceptions of crisis-related risks are crucial for how people respond to communications about ongoing threats, protective behaviors, and crisis-management policies. However, people’s perceptions often do not accurately reflect the reality around them. The authors test a habituation-to-threat pattern that can produce a mismatch between risk perceptions and actual threats over the course of sustained crises: initially, people feel highly at risk despite low levels of objective threat; as crises persist, perceived risks decline even in the face of increasing objective threat levels. Consistent with this pattern, participants in a nationwide American survey conducted bi-weekly for more than a year during the COVID-19 pandemic initially estimated high probabilities that they could contract the virus, be hospitalized, and even die. However, as the number of people affected by COVID-19 increased, these risk perceptions declined instead.
Growth phase-dependent reorganization of cryptophyte photosystem I antennas
Authors: Li Mei , Zhang Shumeng , Si Long , Su Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

Cryptophytes are oxyphototrophic algae that utilize membrane-embedded chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) and lumen-localized phycobiliproteins (PBPs) as their light-harvesting antennas. Here we solved four structures of cryptophyte photosystem I (PSI) bound with CACs that show the rearrangement of CACs in different growth phases. We identified a cryptophyte-unique protein, PsaQ, which specifically binds to the lumenal region of PSI during logarithmic growth phase, suggesting a potential role in binding PBPs.
Duration of Endocrine Treatment for DCIS impacts second events: Insights from a large cohort of cases at two academic medical centers
Authors: O'Keefe Thomas , Yau Christina , Iaconetti Emma , Jeong Eliza , Brabham Case , Kim Paul , McGuire Joseph , Griffin Ann , Wallace Anne M. , Esserman Laura J. , Harismendy Olivier , Hirst Gillian L.
Published: January 2024

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) incidence has risen rapidly with the introduction of screening mammography, yet it is unclear who benefits from both the amount and type of adjuvant treatment (radiation therapy, (RT), endocrine therapy (ET)) versus what constitutes over-treatment. Our goal was to identify the effects of adjuvant RT, or ET+/- RT versus breast conservation surgery (BCS) alone in a large multi-center registry of retrospective DCIS cases (N = 1,916) with median follow up of 8.2 years. We show that patients with DCIS who took less than 2 years of adjuvant ET alone have a similar second event rate as BCS. However, patients who took more than 2 years of ET show a significantly reduced second event rate, similar to those who received either RT or combined ET+RT, which was independent of age, tumor size, grade, or period of diagnosis. This highlights the importance of ET duration for risk reduction.

*Thomas O’Keefe and Christina Yau are joint co-authors.
Pan-cancer copy number variant analysis identifies optimized size thresholds and co-occurrence models for individualized risk-stratification
Authors: Raleigh David , Nguyen Minh , Chen William , Zakimi Naomi , Mirchia Kanish , Lucas Calixto-Hope
Published: January 2024

Chromosome instability leading to accumulation of copy number gains or losses is a hallmark of cancer. Copy number variant (CNV) signatures are increasingly used for clinical risk-stratification, but size thresholds for defining CNVs are variable and the biological or clinical implications of CNV size heterogeneity or co-occurrence patterns are incompletely understood. Here we analyze CNV and clinical data from 565 meningiomas and 9,885 tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to develop tumor- and chromosome-specific CNV size-dependent and co-occurrence models for clinical outcomes. Our results reveal prognostic CNVs with optimized size thresholds and co-occurrence patterns that refine risk-stratification across a diversity of human cancers.
Isolation and identification of a high-efficiency hexavalent uranium adsorption strain and preliminary study of the influencing factors and adsorption mechanism
Authors: Wu Faming , Li Xiang , Wei Peng , Liu Zhirong
Published: January 2024

In this study, a bacterial strain WK-3 with high adsorption efficiency of hexavalent uranium U(VI) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a uranium (U) tailings in southern China, with an adsorption rate of 92.3%, and was identified as Chryseobacterium bernardetii. The influence of different environmental conditions on the adsorption rate of Chryseobacterium bernardetii was investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was preliminarily discussed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that: 1) The optimal adsorption conditions for Chryseobacterium bernardetii were pH = 5, temperature 30 ℃, NaCl concentration 1%, and inoculation volume 10%; 2) Under the condition of initial concentration of 50 mg/L U(VI), the maximum adsorption rate of Chryseobacterium Bernardetii was reached and maintained in equilibrium within 24 h; Under the condition of initial concentration of 50 ~ 150 mg/L U(VI), the time for Chryseobacterium bernardii to reached its maximum adsorption rate and maintained equilibrium was extended to 48 h; 3) Under the condition of initial concentration of ≥ 200 mg/L U(VI), Chryseobacterium bernardii did not grow and had no adsorption capacity; 4) Under the condition of coexistence of 2 mmol/l Zn(II) and 50 mg/L U(VI), the adsorption of Chryseobacterium bernardii to U(VI) was significantly inhibited. ESM-EDS results show that phosphorus in cells participates in the interaction of uranyl ions, which may indicate that phosphate is produced during cell metabolism and is further combined to form U(VI)-phosphate minerals. Meanwhile, the possibility of complexation between cell surface groups and U(VI) cannot be ruled out.
Reconstructing the regulatory programs underlying the phenotypic plasticity of neural cancers
Authors: Nelander Sven , Larsson Ida , Held Felix , Popova Gergana , Koc Alper , Kundu Soumi , Jörnsten Rebecka
Published: January 2024

Nervous system cancers contain a large spectrum of transcriptional cell states, reflecting processes active during normal development, injury response and growth. However, we lack a good understanding of these states' regulation and pharmacological importance. Here, we describe the integrated reconstruction of such cellular regulatory programs and their therapeutic targets from extensive collections of single-cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA-seq) from both tumors and developing tissues. Our method, termed single-cell Regulatory-driven Clustering (scRegClust), splits target genes into modules and predicts essential kinases and transcription factors in little computational time thanks to a new efficient optimization strategy. Using this method, we analyze scRNA-seq data from both adult and childhood brain cancers to identify transcription factors and kinases that regulate distinct tumor cell states. In adult glioblastoma, our model predicts that blocking the activity of PDGFRA, DDR1, ERBB3 or SOX6, or increasing YBX1-activity, would potentiate temozolomide treatment. We further perform an integrative study of scRNA-seq data from both cancer and the developing brain to uncover the regulation of emerging meta-modules. We find a meta-module regulated by the transcription factors SPI1 and IRF8 and link it to an immune-mediated mesenchymal-like state. Our algorithm is available as an easy-to-use R package and companion visualization tool that help uncover the regulatory programs underlying cell plasticity in cancer and other diseases.
Testing an informatics consulting service for systematic bias using negative control reference sets
Authors: Jackson Michael , Gombar Saurabh , Manickam Raj , Brown Robert , Tekumalla Ramya , Ballentine Phillip , Low Yen
Published: January 2024

Background
We used negative control reference sets to estimate whether automated statistical methods can lead to unbiased effect estimates in the context of a clinical informatics consult.
Methods
We used clinical data from two national databases and one regional academic medical center. We used treatment-comparator-outcome triads defined by the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics network as negative control reference sets. For each set, we estimated the hazard ratio for the outcome between populations exposed to treatment vs. comparator medication in each dataset via a new-user cohort design. We estimated hazard ratios both unadjusted and adjusted via demographic and propensity score matching.
Results
Unadjusted estimates showed systematic bias in all three databases, with expected absolute systematic error (EASE) up to 0.19. In contrast, bias was minimal after propensity score adjustment (EASE range, -0.04 to 0.04) and propensity score matching yielded low mean squared error. After empirical calibration, the false positive rates were as expected (type one error rate of close to 0.05).
Conclusions
Data-driven propensity score matching has been shown to produce estimates consistent with manual confounder adjustment, but it is not known whether such methods are consistent with true population values. Through the use of negative controls, where the true association is known to be null, we have shown that automated confounder adjustment can produce estimates that are free of systematic bias in the context of clinical informatics consulting.
Hydrophobic and anti-fouling polyelectrolyte complex coating for durable flame-retardant cotton fabric
Authors: He Jia-Lin , Luo Wei , Deng Jin-Ni , Wang Ting , Fu Zhi-Cheng , Xia Chang-Lin , Huang Sheng-Chao , Chen Ming-Jun
Published: January 2024

Surface treatment is one of the most effective ways to impart flame retardancy to fabrics, woods, etc. Especially, water-soluble polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) coating deposition is one of the most environmentally benign and facile technologies. However, durability, especially washing durability, remains a huge challenge for almost all PEC coated materials. In an effort to keep the desirable flame retardancy of cotton against multiple washing, in this work, perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane modified polyethylenimine (PEI) was prepared to coat onto the ammonium polyphosphate (APP) based PEC coating. The extra 2 wt% fluorinated PEI have not only hardly lost the high LOI value (28.5%) of 10 wt% PEC-coated cotton, but also endowed this coated cotton with high water contact angle of 117 °. And the treated cotton displayed excellent antifouling performance to milk, coffee, honey, cola and ink. Notably, it still preserved self-extinguishing behavior on a vertical flame test, and high LOI value of 26.5%, after vigorously stirring in water at 40°C for 20 times. This facile and efficient method could provide a new strategy for durable flame-retardant cotton fabric against humid and pollutant conditions.
Evolution of resistance to KRASG12C inhibitor in a non-small cell lung cancer responder
Authors: Leung Elaine , Xu Jiahui , Wang Shijia , Wang Ziming , Huang Jumin , Xie Chun , Cao Yabing , Ming Chen
Published: January 2024

Despite initial therapeutic successes, most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who carry the KRASG12C mutation ultimately exhibit resistance to targeted treatments. To improve our comprehension of how acquired resistance develops, we present an unprecedented longitudinal case study profiling the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) over 5 months from an NSCLC patient with the KRASG12C mutation and initial response to sotorasib followed by resistance and death. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis uncovered notable fluctuations in immune cell populations throughout treatment with sotorasib. Specifically, we observed a decline in circulating CD8+CD161hi T cells correlating with periods of therapeutic response, followed by a resurgence during phases of nonresponse. This study established a high-resolution atlas detailing the evolutionary trajectory of resistance to sotorasib and characterizes a CD8+CD161hi T cells population in KRASG12C mutation patient.
Microchannel based Multistage Solvent Extraction Studies for the Separation of Propionic Acid from its Aqueous Mixture using Hydrocarbon Solvents
Authors: Singh Sudhanshu , Kumar U K Arun
Published: January 2024

Solvent extraction is an important industrial operation where several stages are needed for a desired separation. Microchannel based solvent extraction is widely reported for process intensification. However, all these works are confined to a single-stage extraction till date. For industrial application knowledge of multistage extraction is mandatory. This work focuses on the multistage microchannel extraction using a model mixture containing aqueous propionic acid. Four different single solvents were employed in this study hexane, toluene, heptane, and cyclohexanol. The Effect of flow rate, flow ratio on percentage extraction, extraction efficiency, and the required number of stages was investigated. The number of stages required for the maximum recovery of PA from the raffinate is 5 for hexane &heptane and 3 for toluene and 2 for cyclohexanol. The percentage extraction of solvents obtained overall through all the stages is, cyclohexanol, 57–89%, toluene, 35–50%, heptane, 27–51%, and hexane 19-31.3%. Cyclohexanol produced the maximum percentage extraction. The extraction efficiency and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient decreased with the stage numbers. The maximum extraction efficiency for all the solvents is in the range of 98-99.8%. A microchannel stack is found to reduce the total annual cost (TAC). Particularly, fabrication in India results in very less capital cost for the microchannels i.e.1.9–14.3% of TAC. The total annual cost analysis of toluene is the minimum than other solvents.
Economic Gains of Transitioning Towards Reduced-Risk Products: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Herrera Alejandro Espinosa
Published: January 2024

Unhealthy behaviors such as poor diet and tobacco use contribute to disease burden and escalating healthcare costs. This paper evaluates potential savings from people adopting reduced risk behaviors in Mexico. Using the Preventable Risk Integrated Model, we compare actual consumption in 2016 (baseline) to optimal intake following WHO guidelines (counterfactual) for salt, fiber, fruit/vegetables, and fat to estimate reductions in coronary, cerebrovascular, cancer, diabetes and hypertensive diseases. We also model 50% of smokers switching to e-cigarettes/heated tobacco with 65–97% lower disease risk. Results indicate over 650,000 preventable cases annually, mostly from diet changes (fruits/vegetables, fat, salt). Healthcare cost savings reach $3.4 billion USD; $2.8 billion from nutrition and $0.3 billion from smoking substitution. Fruit/vegetable intake and reduced fat confer over $1 billion savings each. Salt and fiber also contribute significantly. Adding smoking transitions provides further savings. Shifting Mexicans towards healthier diets and alternative nicotine products could substantially lower disease burden and healthcare costs. These findings underscore the economic imperative of promoting reduced-risk behaviors through public health policies.