bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PV-based determination of the transport barrier in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone
Authors: Ploeger F. , Gottschling C. , Griessbach S. , Grooß J.-U. , Günther G. , Konopka P. , Müller R. , Riese M. , Stroh F. , Ungermann J. , Vogel B. , von Hobe M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon provides an important pathway of tropospheric source gases and pollution into the lower stratosphere. This transport is characterized by deep convection and steady upwelling, combined with confinement inside a large-scale anticyclonic circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In this paper, we show that a barrier to horizontal transport along the 380 K isentrope in the monsoon anticyclone can be determined from the potential vorticity (PV) field, following the polar vortex criterion by Nash et al. (1996). Due to large dynamic variability of the anticyclone, the corresponding maximum in the PV gradient is weak and additional constraints are needed (e.g., time averaging). Notwithstanding, PV contours in the monsoon anticyclone agree well with contours of trace gas mixing ratios (CO, O3) and mean age from model simulations with a Lagrangian chemistry transport model (CLaMS) and MLS satellite observations. Hence, the PV-based transport barrier reflects the separation between air inside the anticyclone core and the background atmosphere well. For the summer season 2011 we find an average PV value of 3.6 PVU for the transport barrier in the anticyclone on the 380 K isentrope.
Variability of air ion concentrations in urban Paris
Authors: Dos Santos V. N. , Herrmann E. , Manninen H. E. , Hussein T. , Hakala J. , Nieminen T. , Aalto P. P. , Merkel M. , Wiedensohler A. , Kulmala M. , Petäjä T. , Hämeri K.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Air ion concentrations influence new particle formation and consequently the global aerosol an cloud condensation nuclei loads. We aimed to evaluate air ion concentrations and characteristics of new particle formation events (NPF) in the megacity Paris, France (Megapoli project). We measured air ion number size distributions (0.8–42 nm) and fine particle number concentrations (> 6 nm) in an urban site of Paris between 26 June 2009 and 4 October 2010. Air ions were size classified as small (0.8–2 nm), intermediate (2–7 nm) and large (7–20 nm). The media concentrations of small and large ions were 670 and 680 cm−3 respectively (sum of positive an negative polarities) whereas the median concentration of intermediate ions was only 20 cm−3, as these ions were mostly present during new particle formation bursts, i.e. when gas-to-particle conversion produced fresh aerosol particles from gas phase precursors. During peaks in traffic-related particle number, the concentrations of small and intermediate ions decreased whereas the concentrations of large ions increased. Seasonal variations affected the ion population differently, with respect to their size and polarity. NPF was observed in 13 the days, being most frequent in spring and late summer (April, May, July and August). The results also suggest that NPF was favoured on the weekends in comparison to workdays, likely due to the lower levels of condensation sinks in the mornings of weekends (CS weekdays 09:00: 18 × 10−3 s−1; CS weekend 09:00: 8 × 10−3 s−1). The median growth rates (GR) of ions during the NPF events varied between 3–7 nm h−1, increasing with the ion size and being higher on workdays than on weekends for intermediate and large ions. The median GR of small ions on the other hand were rather similar on workdays and weekends. In general, NPF bursts changed the diurnal cycle of particle number, intermediate and large ions by causing an extra peak between 09:00 and 14:00. On average, during the NPF bursts the concentrations of intermediate ions were 8.5–10 times higher than on NPF non-event days, depending on the polarity, and the concentrations of large ions and particles were 1.5–1.8 and 1.2 times higher, respectively. Because the median concentrations of intermediate ions were considerably higher on NPF event days in comparison to NPF non-event days, the results indicate that intermediate ion concentrations could be used as an indication for NPF in Paris. The results suggest that NPF was a source of ions and aerosol particles in Paris and therefore contributed to both air quality degradation and climatic effects, especially in the spring and summer.
Waterspout cloud top detection using MSG SEVIRI infrared brightness temperature over the northern Ionian Sea, Greece
Authors: Papachristopoulou K. , Matsangouras I. T. , Nastos P. T.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Waterspouts pose a significant threat for coastal areas, maritime activities and structures and thus their study is essential. They are frequently occurring in the Mediterranean Sea and particularly in the northern coasts. A vulnerable area of waterspout formation is the Ionian Sea according to recent research and especially the water body around Corfu Island, Greece. The Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment of the University of Athens has assembled a detailed database of waterspout events, providing additional information such as location and time of these events; valuable information for the methodology followed. In this study, the waterspout data base concerns events from 20 March 2007 to 31 December 2013. Thus, a total of 74 events were recorded and catalogued on 47 days, as there were days with multiple waterspout events. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal evolution of brightness temperature on tops of waterspout parent clouds that triggered the formation of single or multiple waterspout events, based on the aforementioned database. The cloud top temperature was assessed by using channel at 10.8 μm MSG SEVIRI Level 1.5 Image Data product. The minimum brightness temperature of the cloud top around the waterspout location for four different examined radiuses was estimated during 60 min prior to and after waterspout formation. Results are illustrated in terms of seasonal analysis. During autumn season a decrease of brightness temperature (colder values) was detected at waterspout parent cloud close to waterspout formation.
Early warnings and missed alarms for abrupt monsoon transitions
Authors: Thomas Z. A. , Kwasniok F. , Boulton C. A. , Cox P. M. , Jones R. T. , Lenton T. M. , Turney C. S. M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Palaeo-records from China (Cheng et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2008, 2001) demonstrate the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) is dominated by abrupt and large magnitude monsoon shifts on millennial timescales, switching between periods of high and weak monsoon rains. It has been hypothesised that over these timescales, the EASM exhibits two stable states with bifurcation-type tipping points between them (Schewe et al., 2012). Here we test this hypothesis by looking for early warning signals of past bifurcations in speleothem records from Sanbao Cave and Hulu Cave, China (Wang et al., 2008, 2001), spanning the penultimate glacial cycle, and in multiple model simulations derived from the data. We find hysteresis behaviour in our model simulations with transitions directly forced by solar insolation. We detect critical slowing down prior to an abrupt monsoon shift during the penultimate deglaciation consistent with long-term orbital forcing. However, such signals are only detectable when the change in system stability is sufficiently slow to be detected by the sampling resolution of the dataset, raising the possibility that the alarm was missed and a similar forcing drove earlier EASM shifts.
Dynamic model evaluation for secondary inorganic aerosol and its precursors over Europe between 1990 and 2009
Authors: Banzhaf S. , Schaap M. , Kranenburg R. , Manders A. M. M. , Segers A. J. , Visschedijk A. J. H. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Kuenen J. J. P. , van Meijgaard E. , van Ulft L. H. , Cofala J. , Builtjes P. J. H.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In this study we present a dynamic model evaluation of chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS (LOng Term Ozone Simulation – EURopean Operational Smog) to analyse the ability of the model to reproduce observed non-linear responses to emission changes and interannual variability of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and its precursors over Europe from 1990 to 2009. The 20 year simulation was performed using a consistent set of meteorological data provided by RACMO2 (Regional Atmospheric Climate MOdel). Observations at European rural background sites have been used as a reference for the model evaluation. To ensure the consistency of the used observational data, stringent selection criteria were applied, including a comprehensive visual screening to remove suspicious data from the analysis. The LOTOS-EUROS model was able to capture a large part of the seasonal and interannual variability of SIA and its precursors' concentrations. The dynamic evaluation has shown that the model is able to simulate the declining trends observed for all considered sulfur and nitrogen components following the implementation of emission abatement strategies for SIA precursors over Europe. Both the observations and the model show the largest part of the decline in the 1990s, while smaller concentration changes and an increasing number of non-significant trends are observed and modelled between 2000 and 2009. Furthermore, the results confirm former studies showing that the observed trends in sulfate and total nitrate concentrations from 1990 to 2009 are lower than the trends in precursor emissions and precursor concentrations. The model captured well these non-linear responses to the emission changes. Using the LOTOS-EUROS source apportionment module, trends in the formation efficiency of SIA have been quantified for four European regions. The exercise has revealed a 20–50% more efficient sulfate formation in 2009 compared to 1990 and an up to 20% more efficient nitrate formation per unit nitrogen oxide emission, which added to the explanation of the non-linear responses. However, we have also identified some weaknesses in the model and the input data. LOTOS-EUROS underestimates the observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations throughout the whole time period, while it overestimates the observed nitrogen dioxide concentration trends. Moreover, model results suggest that the emission information of the early 1990s used in this study needs to be improved concerning magnitude and spatial distribution.
The structure of disaster resilience: a framework for simulations and policy recommendations
Authors: Edwards J. H. Y.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In this era of rapid climate change there is an urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration and understanding in the study of what determines resistance to disasters and recovery speed. This paper is an economist's contribution to that effort. It traces the entrance of the word "resilience" from ecology into the social science literature on disasters, provides a formal economic definition of resilience that can be used in mathematical modeling, incorporates this definition into a multilevel model that suggests appropriate policy roles and targets at each level, and draws on the recent empirical literature on the economics of disaster, searching for policy handles that can stimulate higher resilience. On the whole it provides a framework for simulations and for formulating disaster resilience policies.
Prescripción electrónica asistida (PEA) y su influencia en la comunicación verbal entre Médicos y Enfermeras en una planta de Medicina Interna, Neumología y Cardiología
Authors: Subiela Garcia José Antonio , Abellón Ruiz Juan , García Guillén María José , Díaz Martínez Ana María , Pérez García María Mercedes
Published: April 2015

Introducción. Con el advenimiento de la informatización de la documentación médica, incluida la Prescripción Electrónica Asistida, la comunicación entre Médicos y Enfermeras es cada vez más electrónica y menos “cara a cara” produciéndose efectos no deseados como cambios en los patrones de comunicación entre profesionales.
Objetivos. Definir cuáll es el grado de comunicación verbal existente entre Médicos y personal de Enfermería en la unidad de Medicina Interna y establecer propuestas de mejora.
Material y método: Revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, Scielo España y en base de datos de editorial Elseiver utilizando los descriptores DeCS o palabras clave (Relaciones Médico-Enfermero, Comunicación, Prescripción Electrónica, Pase de Guardia, Grupo de Atención al Paciente). Estudio observacional descriptivo, con una muestra de 19 Médicos y 19 Enfermeros, mediante cuestionario con 10 preguntas cerradas y varias opciones de respuesta.
Resultados. Los resultados de la encuesta muestran que ambos colectivos consideran de gran importancia la necesidad de comunicación entre ambos tanto a nivel global como individual así como de trabajo en equipo.
Conclusiones. Entre los aspectos más relevantes y que apoyan nuestro planteamiento inicial es que 78% (IC 95%; 85,6%-70,39%) de los encuestados piensa que tras la implantación del programa de PEA ha cambiado el patrón de comunicación entre ambos colectivos disminuyendo considerablemente la comunicación verbal directa
 
Cateterismo urinario permanente: práctica clínica
Authors: Mazzo Alessandra , Bardivia Carolina Beltreschi , Jorge Beatriz Maria , Souza Júnior Valtuir Duarte , Fumincelli Laís , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: Verificar cómo el procedimiento de inserción del catéter urinario permanente ha ocurrido en la práctica clínica de enfermería.
Método: Estudio observacional, exploratorio y descriptivo, desarrollado en hospitales de un municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Las premisas éticas fueron cumplidas (Parecer 233/2008/Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de São Paulo). Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista, utilizándose un instrumento semiestructurado. De las trece instituciones del municipio, nueve participaron del estudio.
Resultados: En las instituciones investigadas, el procedimiento es practicado de manera ritualista respecto al método y los materiales.
Conclusión: Para practicar el cateterismo urinario permanente es necesario mayor compromiso de los profesionales y mayores inversiones en investigaciones para esclarecer los aspectos que todavía no pueden ser comprobados.
La explotación sexual comercial infantil en la ciudad de Bucaramanga: análisis y propuestas de intervención socio-sanitaria
Authors: Álvarez Nieto Carmen , Linares Abad Manuel , Grande Gascón María Luisa , Luque Montilla María Rosa
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: Fortalecer la oferta institucional para la prevención y atención de la problemática de la explotación sexual comercial infantil en la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia).
Método: Se realizó una investigación bajo una perspectiva cualitativa con un enfoque de investigación-acción y muestreo intencional: 6 grupos focales y 10 entrevistas en profundidad con diferentes actores implicados en la explotación sexual comercial infantil.
Resultados: La percepción de la explotación sexual comercial infantil como una forma de trabajo por parte de las víctimas dificulta el reconocimiento de la situación como una violación de derechos humanos. La educación, la salud sexual y reproductiva y la protección desde sectores institucionales, son las mayores debilidades en las que hay que incidir para la prevención y atención de la problemática.
Conclusiones: El entorno de pobreza junto con la cultura patriarcal androcéntrica, favorecen la explotación sexual comercial infantil en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Es necesario priorizar en su agenda pública recursos para la atención y prevención de la explotación sexual comercial infantil poniendo énfasis en la dimensión social y de salud de la misma.
Gestão do trabalho: implicações para o cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Schimith Maria Denise , Brêtas Ana Cristina Passarella , Budó Maria de Lourdes Denardin , Alberti Gabriela Fávero , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: Describir las implicaciones de la gestión del trabajo en el cuidado en la Atención Primaria a la Salud.
Método: Investigación cualitativa, un estudio de caso. La unidad de análisis fue una Unidad de Salud Familiar de un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se realizaron observaciones, entrevistas con los trabajadores y usuarios e ivestigaciones en documentos y en registros. El periodo de la colecta de datos fue de febrero a julio de 2012 y el análisis conforme orientación de estudio de caso.
Resultados: La gestión de la unidad se caracterizó por la falta de escucha y singularidad con el equipo y autoritarismo; el equipo se sintió abandonado por la gestión y las Agentes Comunitarias de Salud por las enfermeras. Hubo discontinuidad en el cuidado.
Discusión: La gestión en salud necesita pautar el tema de la autonomía y responsabilidad del trabajador. La no responsabilización es un efecto de la postmodernidad. La gestión del trabajo está relacionada con la continuidad del cuidado.
Conclusiones: Los conceptos de pluralidad humana y de potencial de poder pueden ayudar en la construcción de ambientes de trabajo más humanos. Se apunta a la integración con la comunidad como camino para la transformación de la realidad. La investigación de la temática debe responsabilizarse de la producción de la salud, individual o colectivamente
O Reiki como forma terapêutica no cuidado à saúde: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Authors: Freitag Vera Lucia , Andrade Andressa De , Badke Marcio Rossato
Published: April 2015

Reiki es una terapia complementaria, caracterizada por la imposición de manos en el ser humano como un objetivo para restablecer el equilibrio físico, mental y espiritual. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar la producción científica en terapia complementaria reiki, mediante una revisiónReiki es una terapia complementaria, caracterizada por la imposición de manos en el ser humano como un objetivo para restablecer el equilibrio físico, mental y espiritual. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar la producción científica en terapia complementaria reiki, mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura, realizada a través de una búsqueda de la salud Biblioteca Virtual (BVS), entre los años 2007 y 2012. Se detectó un total de 398 artículos, indexados en MEDLINE, LILACS y BDENF, utilizando los descriptores reiki and enfermería y reiki and cuidado. S incluyeron en este estudio 6 artículos, 1 publicado en periódico brasileño y 5 en periódicos extranjeros, disponible solamente el resumen en inglés. Se constató que, de los artículos analizados, se puede afirmar que el reiki, en cuanto que dispositivo de cuidado, provoca cambios significativos en el individuo, especialmente en lo referente a la ansiedad, dolor, estrés, aumento de células de defensa y disminución de la presión arterial. Pocos estudios han sido publicados para demostrar la eficacia del reiki, fundamental en la práctica de enfermería, y por lo tanto de suma importancia disponer de esta herramienta de cuidado, pudiendo asi publicar sus experiencias y estudios, pues cuantos más estudios se publiquen más motivación hay para poner en práctica este dispositivo tan importante para el equilibrio del ser humano.
Evaluación de los conocimientos y de la aplicación de la tetanalgesia en una unidad de neonatología
Authors: Casado Gómez Cristina , Pazos Seoane Laura , Pavón de la Maya María José , López Jiménez Lidia , Escobedo Mesas Elisabeth , Bernal Herrera Pedro
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Durante la hospitalización, los neonatos están sometidos a constantes procedimientos dolorosos y estresantes. Está demostrado que la lactancia materna realiza un efecto analgésico. Este beneficio analgésico se conoce como tetanalgesia.
Objetivo: Valorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la tetanalgesia y analizar las causas de su falta de implantación durante los procedimientos dolorosos realizados en el neonato hospitalizado.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, mediante un cuestionario validado autocumplimentado por los profesionales sanitarios en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla).
Resultados y Conclusiones: Del total de la población estudiada, 51 profesionales sanitarios, sólo el 45% conoce el concepto de tetanalgesia lo que denota el déficit de formación al respecto. De estos, sólo el 22% lo aplica. Las causas principales de la no aplicabilidad fueron la falta de consenso de los profesionales (55,56%) y la falta de tiempo (38,89%), factores relacionados con el trabajo de equipo y con las condiciones de trabajo
Vulnerabilidad socioeconómica en un vecindario como determinante de la utilización y frecuentación de servicios sanitarios
Authors: Gil-Lacruz Marta , Gil-Lacruz Ana Isabel , Aguilar Palacio Isabel
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: Analizar en un entorno comunitario la relación entre vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y utilización y frecuentación de servicios sanitarios, usando una aproximación multidimensional del concepto de vulnerabilidad.
Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en adultos del barrio de Casablanca (Zaragoza). Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de 1032 personas mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Mediante encuesta se obtuvo información sociodemográfica del estado de salud y utilización de servicios sanitarios. Se clasificó a los individuos como vulnerables en función del nivel educativo, ocupación e ingresos. Se describió el uso de servicios y perfil de los usuarios. Se estudiaron los determinantes socioeconómicos de utilización y frecuentación con análisis de regresión recogiendo la vulnerabilidad mediante sus tres componentes clave y un indicador agregado.
Resultados: El 30% de los residentes en Casablanca habían tenido contacto con los servicios sanitarios durante las dos últimas semanas. El perfil de usuario fue: mujer, ≥60 años, con mala salud percibida y alguna enfermedad diagnosticada. Las personas vulnerables visitaron más al médico que las no vulnerables, con especial impacto en hombres. Existieron diferencias entre la utilización de indicadores de vulnerabilidad por separado y combinados, tanto para predecir la consulta médica como la frecuentación. Un bajo nivel de estudios y la inactividad económica reforzaron en varones la probabilidad de visita médica, mientras que la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica frenó la frecuentación.
Conclusiones: Aunque las personas vulnerables visitaron más al médico que las no vulnerables, no trabajar o tener bajos ingresos se correlacionó con una menor frecuencia de visitas, principalmente en mujeres y edades medias de la vida.
La red social del adolescente: la influencia de la amistad en el desarrollo de hábitos obesogénicos
Authors: Arias Ramos Natalia , Marqués Sánchez María Pilar , Calvo Sánchez María Dolores , Sánchez García Ana Belén , Quiroga Sánchez Enedina , García López Rosa María
Published: April 2015

El presente artículo pretende justificar la relevancia de las relaciones sociales en el entorno del adolescente obeso. La motivación por este enfoque surgió debido al vacío que se ha encontrado en estudios que expliquen si los adolescentes comen mejor o peor y/o realizan más o menos ejercicio físico dependiendo de su red de amigos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica centrada en la obesidad y el análisis de las redes sociales de los jóvenes a través de la Biblioteca de la Universidad de León, en diferentes bases de datos tales como Web of Knowledge (WOK), Scielo, Scopus, entre otras. Se obtuvieron artículos y otros documentos de interés utilizando revistas pertenecientes a las disciplinas de la Sociología y de las Ciencias de la Salud. Tras realizar la lectura de los textos más relevantes se pudo obtener los siguientes resultados: (1) las relaciones influyen en los hábitos de los adolescentes, (2) la calidad y la cantidad de comida puede depender del tipo de red que le rodea, y (3) el nivel de ejercicio físico que tiene un individuo se puede ver influenciado por sus mejores amigos, por el grupo en general que le rodea e incluso por los amigos de sus amigos. De todo ello se deriva, que el estudio de la red social del individuo puede ser una herramienta útil a la hora de visualizar los patrones de comportamiento, y por tanto, aplicable a los programas de salud y salud pública contribuyendo, de esta forma, a la sostenibilidad del sistema.
Boxer safety, and the relationship between the referee and the ringside physician
Authors: Sethi N K
Published: April 2015

Both the referee and the ringside physician areentrusted with the safety of the boxer in the ring. TheUniform Boxing Rules (approved August 25, 2001,Amended August 2, 2002, Amended July 3, 2008)recognise the referee as the sole arbiter of a bout andthe only individual authorised to stop a contest. Unified rules ofmixed martial arts (MMA) and some boxing commissions recogniseboth the referee and the ringside physician as arbiters of a fight, andthe only individuals authorised to enter the fight area at any timeduring competition and stop a fight when the combatant’s safetyis compromised. Irrespective of who stops the fight, the stoppageshould be timely and fair to the combatants and their corners; apremature stoppage is unfair to the boxers, their corners, the promoterand the public, while a fight stopped too late risks serious injury andeven death of the boxer.[1]Stoppage from inside the
L’intérêt romanesque de la banlieue chez Michael Delisle
Authors: Biron Michel
Published: April 2015

Roman de la banlieue,Dée(2002) de Michael Delisle propose un portrait particulièrement poignant et dur d’une jeune femme dépressive, vivant dans un nouveau développement à Longueuil, sur la Rive-Sud de Montréal. Rien de romanesque n’arrive à ce personnage qui cependant incarne la misère d’un monde « déconflictualisé » (au sens de Marcel Gauchet) où l’individu n’a même plus le désir de se révolter contre la société. La souffrance n’est pas fixée et dramatisée par quelque événement tragique, mais diluée dans une série de minuscules tragédies qui révèlent l’insurmontable désarroi de l’être.
La Clôture de Jean Rolin. Le territoire circumparisien : entre ironie et mélancolie
Authors: Sindaco Sarah
Published: April 2015

Journaliste et écrivain, Jean Rolin a construit, dès le début des années 1980, une oeuvre originale dont le point de départ est le plus souvent « l’exploration d’un territoire ». La Clôture (2002) s’ancre dans un lieu de déshérence sociale et urbaine où le narrateur fait la rencontre d’un monde marginal et interlope : le boulevard Ney, espace tampon entre Paris intra-muros et sa périphérie. Mêlant fiction et autobiographie et érigeant la déambulation en une véritable démarche littéraire, l’auteur-narrateur entend articuler le présent et l’Histoire et déchiffrer le réel en conciliant engagement subjectif et réflexivité critique — Jean Rolin prenant ici ses distances avec les grands discours totalisants qui ont caractérisé son passé de militant maoïste. Pour ce faire, aux côtés d’autres formes de l’ironie, il a recours à l’ironie romantique, tout en mettant en scène une série de héros paradoxaux, incarnations d’une ironie de l’Histoire dans laquelle s’expose, comme en miroir, la propre mélancolie de l’auteur, consécutive à la perte des espoirs qui sous-tendaient son engagement révolutionnaire.
Chourmo, la nostalgie d’un autre présent
Authors: Wesley Bernabé
Published: April 2015

Chourmo, le second volume de la trilogie de Fabio Montale, est une refondation du mythe fondateur de Gyptis et Protis, représentation privilégiée de Marseille d’après laquelle le roman recrée un espace d’invention singulière de la mémoire collective phocéenne. Tel que l’oeuvre de Jean-Claude Izzo le réinterprète et le reformule, le mythe apparaît dans une version déceptive qui montre que sa légende est en panne dans la Marseille du milieu des années 1990. Moment mythique de la fondation de la ville, récit constitutif d’une mémoire et d’une identité multiculturelle chevillée à un imaginaire méditerranéen particulier, le mythe de Gyptis et Protis est le récit légendaire de Marseille que le roman de Jean-Claude Izzo convoque comme un sous-texte et qu’il passe au crible de sa propre désillusion contemporaine pour donner forme à sa représentation de la ville. Étudier la dimension discursive, cognitive, générique, poétique et narrative de ce recours à la légende et à son imaginaire mythologique dans Chourmo est l’objet de cet article.
Par la porte intime du paysage marseillais : le cinéma politique de Robert
Guédiguian
Authors: Froger Marion
Published: April 2015

Depuis quelques années, les études urbaines tentent de faire du paysage un « bien
commun » et se faisant, sont amenées à tenir compte de la dimension affective et intime du
rapport que les habitants entretiennent avec le paysage tout autant que des divers intérêts
qui sont en jeu dans ses définitions et ses usages. Les débats que le programme
Euroméditerranée de transformation de la ville de Marseille a suscités en portent la trace.
Au centre de la filmographie de Robert Guédiguian, on retrouve une notion essentielle à la
compréhension de l’expérience de la ville et du rôle de ses paysages : celle d’un
« attachement » éprouvé envers elle, moins comme demeure individuelle que
comme lieu d’une expérience collective. Parce que la filmographie de Robert Guédiguian
couvre trois décennies marseillaises, on y trouve aussi une attention particulière aux
transformations de la ville ; parce que le cinéaste pose un regard d’enfant du pays sur la
cité phocéenne, on y trouve encore une mise en question du sentiment de territoire ; et
parce qu’il raconte des histoires dites communautaires, on y trouve enfin une interrogation
lancinante sur les ressources intimes de l’engagement collectif. Dans la cinématographie de
Robert Guédiguian, le paysage habité, ressenti et aperçu, autant par les personnages que par
les spectateurs, sert de révélateur à une expérience inquiète de la ville, qui met le
collectif — et le politique — au coeur de l’intime
La religion, et l’opposition sacré et profane, dans les Diuinae institutiones de Lactance : les limites d’une dichotomie moderne
Authors: Aubin Jeffery
Published: April 2015

Les Diuinae institutiones de Lactance sont souvent citées lorsqu’il s’agit d’analyser le passage du mot religio de la langue latine à la pensée du christianisme. On ne doit toutefois pas lire ce texte du ive siècle de notre ère avec la conception moderne du mot religion. Les sociologues du xxe siècle ont élaboré des définitions de la religion à partir de l’opposition sacré/profane, mais cette dichotomie n’est toutefois pas une catégorie interprétative valide dans l’ouvrage de Lactance. Non seulement il oppose ces deux notions que très rarement, mais la conception de sacer et de profanus diffère des définitions qui se sont imposées depuis un siècle. L’utilisation de concepts modernes pour l’analyse des Diuinae institutiones constitue dès lors un frein à la compréhension des notions de religion, sacré et profane dans l’ouvrage de Lactance.
La littérature normative est-elle un frein à l’analyse des transformations socioreligieuses ?
Authors: Turgeon Andréanne
Published: April 2015

La littérature normative, lorsqu’il est question d’étudier les pratiques religieuses passées, est souvent perçue comme limitative pour le chercheur ; en effet, les prescriptions morales contenues dans ce type d’écrits témoignent davantage des attentes du clergé en matière de moeurs et de piété que des pratiques effectives qui avaient cours parmi les fidèles. Au cours des dernières décennies, cette littérature a généralement été exclue du corpus documentaire de nombreux chercheurs qui s’intéressaient à la religion « vécue », afin d’éviter de transposer sur celle-ci une image biaisée, véhiculée par des productions ecclésiastiques. Au Québec, la notion de « réveil religieux », et le débat historiographique qu’elle a suscité au cours des années 1990, fournit un excellent exemple de catégorie, puisque cette notion s’est construite et fortifiée en l’absence d’une riche documentation qui, pourtant, encadrait la pratique que l’on comptabilisait et dont on cherchait à interpréter le sens. Cet article vise à montrer que la littérature normative peut donc s’avérer indispensable pour expliquer les transformations socioreligieuses d’une époque, et que c’est la prise en compte de cette documentation, dans les études historiques récentes, qui a mené à l’éclatement de la catégorie de « réveil religieux ».
Quand la théorie dépasse la fiction : les catégories de réalisme et d’idéalisme dans l’analyse de l’oeuvre littéraire de Premchand
Authors: Nadeau-Morissette Claudia
Published: April 2015

En théorie littéraire comme dans tout domaine scientifique, certaines catégories font fortune au point de ne plus être remises en question par les chercheurs. Ce fut le cas de l’idéalisme et du réalisme dans l’interprétation de l’oeuvre romanesque de Premchand. De concepts théoriques, ces catégories sont devenues les échafauds sur lesquels s’est construit un schéma idéologique en trois phases de l’oeuvre et de la pensée de cet écrivain, le faisant passer du stade de l’idéalisme au réalisme. Le présent article examine comment s’est opéré ce glissement chez les critiques de Premchand et les conséquences qu’il a eues dans l’analyse de la dimension religieuse de son oeuvre.
Numerus as the Metaphysical Principle in St. Augustine’s Doctrine of Rhythm
Authors: Tashchian Andrey
Published: April 2015

In St. Augustine’s doctrine of rhythm numerus manifests the metaphysical ascent from sensuousness to rationality and is the ontological root of finite beauty. Moreover, numerus is differentiated into the objective and subjective spheres, proving to be a totality, the “idea.” Meanwhile, as a formation of antique culture, this concept is not known as a real contradiction, and thereby eternal numeri are not posited as a process in which finite subjectivity, I would be a necessity for the infinite substance. So, in St. Augustine’s doctrine the essence of the science of music has not the value of man’s self-conscious activity.
Hegel, l’intention et l’action : réflexions sur un débat récent
Authors: Thibodeau Martin
Published: April 2015

Récemment, plusieurs commentateurs ont manifesté un intérêt renouvelé pour la théorie hégélienne de l’action. Certes, ces auteurs se sont intéressés à divers aspects de cette théorie, mais un des éléments qui a fait l’objet de vifs débats est celui du statut que Hegel assigne à l’intention dans l’évaluation de l’agir humain. Cet article est consacré à ce débat entre les tenants d’une interprétation selon laquelle Hegel défend une conception « rétrospective » de l’intention et ceux qui soutiennent qu’il maintient une conception qui se situe plutôt dans le prolongement des théories de type « causalistes » des rapports entre intention et action. En fin de parcours, nous nous employons à faire valoir l’hypothèse suivante : certains aspects de la théorie hégélienne de l’action trouvent leur modèle dans l’interprétation qu’il a proposée de la conception tragique de l’agir.
Dwell Time Modelling and Optimized Simulations for Crowded Rail Transit Lines Based on Train Capacity
Authors: Jiang Zhibin , Xie Chao , Ji Tingting , Zou Xiaolei
Published: April 2015

Understanding the nature of rail transit dwell time has potential benefits for both the users and the operators. Crowded passenger trains cause longer dwell times and may prevent some passengers from boarding the first available train that arrives. Actual dwell time and the process of passenger alighting and boarding are interdependent through the sequence of train stops and propagated delays. A comprehensive and feasible dwell time simulation model was developed and optimized to address the problems associated with scheduled timetables. The paper introduces the factors that affect dwell time in urban rail transit systems, including train headway, the process and number of passengers alighting and boarding the train, and the inability of train doors to properly close the first time because of overcrowded vehicles. Finally, based on a time-driven micro-simulation system, Shanghai rail transit Line 8 is used as an example to quantify the feasibility of scheduled dwell times for different stations, directions of travel and time periods, and a proposed dwell time during peak hours in several crowded stations is presented according to the simulation results.
Impact of RFID Technology on Logistic Process Efficiency in Retail Supply Chains
Authors: Nikoličić Svetlana , Kilibarda Milorad , Atanasković Predrag , Duđak Ljubica , Ivanišević Andrea
Published: April 2015

The challenges that logistics faces in the retail industry must be investigated in the context of the specific retail sector as well as the degree of development of the retail market. The research focus in this paper is on logistic processes in supermarket supply. The aim is to deepen the understanding of logistic processes and then to investigate the possibilities of their enhancement by applying radio frequency identification (RFID) as a higher level of information technology for product identification in retail supply chains. The research was conducted in one of the top ten trade companies in the emerging Serbian market. Simulation modelling was performed for one supply chain category, followed by quantification of time and cost performance of the current logistic processes (AS-IS model). Then, in accordance with the capabilities of RFID system, improvements are proposed and integrated into a new simulation model (TO-BE model). The obtained results can be utilised as part of a broader research when deciding on the implementation of modern information technologies in supply chains.
An Agent-Based Model for Optimization of Road Width and Public Transport Frequency
Authors: Koryagin Mark E.
Published: April 2015

An urban passenger transportation problem is studied. Municipal authorities and passengers are regarded as participants in the passenger transportation system. The municipal authorities have to optimise road width and public transport frequency. The road consists of a dedicated bus lane and lanes for passenger cars. The car travel time depends on the number of road lanes and passengers’ choice of travel mode. The passengers’ goal is to minimize total travel costs, including time value. The passengers try to find the optimal ratio between public transport and cars. The conflict between municipal authorities and the passengers is described as a game theoretic model. The existence of Nash equilibrium in the model is proved. The numerical example shows the influence of the value of time and intensity of passenger flow on the equilibrium road width and public transport frequency.
Assessing long-distance RNA sequence connectivity via RNA-templated DNA–DNA ligation
Authors: Roy Christian K , Olson Sara , Graveley Brenton R , Zamore Phillip D , Moore Melissa J
Published: April 2015

Many RNAs, including pre-mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, can be thousands of nucleotides long and undergo complex post-transcriptional processing. Multiple sites of alternative splicing within a single gene exponentially increase the number of possible spliced isoforms, with most human genes currently estimated to express at least ten. To understand the mechanisms underlying these complex isoform expression patterns, methods are needed that faithfully maintain long-range exon connectivity information in individual RNA molecules. In this study, we describe SeqZip, a methodology that uses RNA-templated DNA–DNA ligation to retain and compress connectivity between distant sequences within single RNA molecules. Using this assay, we test proposed coordination between distant sites of alternative exon utilization in mouse Fn1, and we characterize the extraordinary exon diversity of Drosophila melanogaster Dscam1.
Reciprocal and dynamic polarization of planar cell polarity core components and myosin
Authors: Newman-Smith Erin , Kourakis Matthew J , Reeves Wendy , Veeman Michael , Smith William C
Published: April 2015

The Ciona notochord displays planar cell polarity (PCP), with anterior localization of Prickle (Pk) and Strabismus (Stbm). We report that a myosin is polarized anteriorly in these cells and strongly colocalizes with Stbm. Disruption of the actin/myosin machinery with cytochalasin or blebbistatin disrupts polarization of Pk and Stbm, but not of myosin complexes, suggesting a PCP-independent aspect of myosin localization. Wash out of cytochalasin restored Pk polarization, but not if done in the presence of blebbistatin, suggesting an active role for myosin in core PCP protein localization. On the other hand, in the pk mutant line, aimless, myosin polarization is disrupted in approximately one third of the cells, indicating a reciprocal action of core PCP signaling on myosin localization. Our results indicate a complex relationship between the actomyosin cytoskeleton and core PCP components in which myosin is not simply a downstream target of PCP signaling, but also required for PCP protein localization.
Lost voices
Authors: Marder Eve
Published: April 2015

When a scientist dies too early in their career we miss them as a colleague and as a person and, as Eve Marder explains, we also lose the science they would have done.
The retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons expressing Atoh1 and Phox2b are essential for the respiratory response to CO2
Authors: Ruffault Pierre-Louis , D'Autréaux Fabien , Hayes John A , Nomaksteinsky Marc , Autran Sandra , Fujiyama Tomoyuki , Hoshino Mikio , Hägglund Martin , Kiehn Ole , Brunet Jean-François , Fortin Gilles , Goridis Christo
Published: April 2015

Maintaining constant CO2 and H+ concentrations in the arterial blood is critical for life. The principal mechanism through which this is achieved in mammals is the respiratory chemoreflex whose circuitry is still elusive. A candidate element of this circuitry is the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a collection of neurons at the ventral medullary surface that are activated by increased CO2 or low pH and project to the respiratory rhythm generator. Here, we use intersectional genetic strategies to lesion the RTN neurons defined by Atoh1 and Phox2b expression and to block or activate their synaptic output. Photostimulation of these neurons entrains the respiratory rhythm. Conversely, abrogating expression of Atoh1 or Phox2b or glutamatergic transmission in these cells curtails the phrenic nerve response to low pH in embryonic preparations and abolishes the respiratory chemoreflex in behaving animals. Thus, the RTN neurons expressing Atoh1 and Phox2b are a necessary component of the chemoreflex circuitry.
Dichotomy in mode propagation of coseismic ionospheric disturbance: Observations from 11 April 2012 Indian Ocean earthquake
Authors: Catherine J. K. , Vijayan M. S. M. , Syeda Rabiya U. B. , Shimna K. , Gahalaut Vineet K. , Ramesh D. S.
Published: April 2015

The ionosphere response to the great intraplate Indian Ocean earthquake of 11 April 2012 (Mw 8.6) and its largest aftershock (Mw 8.2) is analyzed using GPS‐aided total electron content (TEC) measurements. Data from the dense GPS networks, SuGAr (Sumatran GPS Array) and the permanent Andaman‐Nicobar array, formed the near‐field observations at distances 250–1200 km from the epicenter. Stations such as IISC, DGAR, and few others provided measurements over 2000 km from the epicenter. The coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) with a propagation velocity of 930–1262 m/s, equals the speeds of the shock acoustic waves, arrive within 10–18 min after the earthquake occurrence. The observed phenomenon of CID splitting into two modes, north and south of the epicenter, is akin to the well‐documented effects of anisotropy on wave propagation. Closer to the epicenter, to its south, the propagation velocity of CID is ~1 km/s, and farther southeast of the network the velocity reduces to 500–600 m/s. In contrast, toward Andaman in the north, the CID propagation velocity increases to 2–3.5 km/s. The zenith angle of the line of sight between the GPS receiver and satellite appears to influence the amplitude of the TEC fluctuations. The anomalous azimuthal variation of the Rayleigh wave radiation pattern best explains the observed N‐S asymmetry of CID.
The first UK measurements of nitryl chloride using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in central London in the summer of 2012, and an investigation of the role of Cl atom oxidation
Authors: Bannan Thomas J. , Booth A. Murray , Bacak Asan , Muller Jennifer B. A. , Leather Kimberley E. , Le Breton Michael , Jones Benjamin , Young Dominique , Coe Hugh , Allan James , Visser Suzanne , Slowik Jay G. , Furger Markus , Prévôt André S. H. , Lee James , Dunmore Rachel E. , Hopkins James R. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Lewis Alastair C. , Whalley Lisa K. , Sharp Thomas , Stone Daniel , Heard Dwayne E. , Fleming Zoë L. , Leigh Roland , Shallcross Dudley E. , Percival Carl J.
Published: April 2015

The first nitryl chloride (ClNO2) measurements in the UK were made during the summer 2012 ClearfLo campaign with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer, utilizing an I− ionization scheme. Concentrations of ClNO2 exceeded detectable limits (11 ppt) every night with a maximum concentration of 724 ppt. A diurnal profile of ClNO2 peaking between 4 and 5 A.M., decreasing directly after sunrise, was observed. Concentrations of ClNO2 above the detection limit are generally observed between 8 P.M. and 11 A.M. Different ratios of the production of ClNO2:N2O5 were observed throughout with both positive and negative correlations between the two species being reported. The photolysis of ClNO2 and a box model utilizing the Master Chemical Mechanism modified to include chlorine chemistry was used to calculate Cl atom concentrations. Simultaneous measurements of hydroxyl radicals (OH) using low pressure laser‐induced fluorescence and ozone enabled the relative importance of the oxidation of three groups of measured VOCs (alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes) by OH radicals, Cl atoms, and O3 to be compared. For the day with the maximum calculated Cl atom concentration, Cl atoms in the early morning were the dominant oxidant for alkanes and, over the entire day, contributed 15%, 3%, and 26% toward the oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, respectively.
Intermodal recoding of a video game: Learning to process signals for motion perception in a pure auditory environment
Authors: Hanneton Sylvain , Herquel Philippe , Auvray Malika
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study reported here was to investigate people's ability to learn a new auditory environment. A specific coding was developed in order to design an auditory version of a vision‐based simple video game involving moving objects. We investigated the learning process of participants in this purely auditory game and the influence of the following factors on performance: gender, level of practice in video games and three cognitive abilities, namely, mental rotation, visual attention and spatial perception. The results revealed that occasional and regular players' level of performance significantly improved with practice, whereas those of nonplayers did not. They also revealed a significant influence of gender. Scores in the mental rotation test was found to be correlated only with the final level of performance. This study provides insights into people's ability to learn new ways to perceive and interact with auditory objects in motion and highlights the cognitive abilities that influence this learning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Isonitriles to Unsaturated NHC Complexes of Gold, Palladium and Platinum
Authors: Riedel Dominic , Wurm Thomas , Graf Katharina , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: April 2015

In a modular template synthesis, unsaturated NHC complexes of gold, palladium and platinum were synthesized from simple metal salts, isonitriles and amines with acetal or ketal groups. Upon the addition of amines with tethered acetal or ketal moieties to the metal‐activated isonitrile, first nitrogen acyclic carbene (NAC) complexes are formed. These undergo ring closure and elimination to the unsaturated NHC complexes upon addition of acid. This simple strategy opens an attractive and fast approach to NHC complexes of gold, palladium and platinum. The modular approach allows a fast modification and is well‐suited for the synthesis of unsymetrically and symmetrically substituted unsaturated NHC complexes.

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