bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISPOSITIVO BASADO EN IONIZACIÓN PARA LIMITAR LA TRANSMISIÓN AÉREA DEL COVID-19
Authors: Pacheco Ramirez Jesus Horacio , Benitez Baltazar Victor Hugo , Gutiérrez Cureño Angel Benjamin , Vidal Corona David Rafael
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación busca demostrar la efectividad de un dispositivo de ionización de aire para limitar la transmisión aérea del COVID-19. Para probar la efectividad del dispositivo, primero se probó en un ambiente controlado y después en una institución de salud pública con casos confirmados de COVID-19. Algunos microorganismos (no incluido SARS-CoV-2) fueron diseminados en el ambiente controlado, donde se colocaron marcadores en diferentes lugares para verificar el comportamiento en condiciones normales y después bajo la influencia del dispositivo para comparar la carga ambiental de microorganismos. Una aproximación similar se utilizó en la institución de salud, donde el SARS-CoV-2 fue primeramente confirmado colocándose después el dispositivo. Los resultados muestran que, en el ambiente controlado, el dispositivo puede reducir la carga de microorganismos hasta en un 99% en 1/6 del tiempo mientras que, en la institución de salud, la carga viral se puede reducir en hasta el 80% en pocos minutos.
Impact of accreditation on Caribbean medical schools’ processes
Authors: Arja Sateesh Babu , Arja Sireesha Bala , Fatteh Samir , Challa Krishna Teja , Somagutta Manoj Kumar Reddy , Blouin Danielle
Published: June 2021

Background: Caribbean graduates contribute significantly to the US healthcare workforce. The accreditation requirements of local governments vary from one Caribbean island to another island. The Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) requirement that all future applicants be graduates from accredited medical schools drove Caribbean medical schools to seek accreditation. Accreditation has been found to significantly impact the educational processes of Canadian medical schools. Our study aims at investigating Caribbean medical school leaders’ perceptions of the impact of accreditation on their school’s processes.

Methods: This qualitative study and data analysis were done using a framework analysis. Academic leaders and faculty members from three different types of Caribbean medical schools (accredited, denied-accreditation schools, never applied for accreditation) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews.

Results: A total of 12 participants from six different Caribbean medical schools participated in the interview process. Themes of processes influenced by accreditation at Caribbean medical schools were similar to those found in the Canadian context and align with best practices of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI).

Conclusions: Caribbean medical schools are changing their educational processes as a result of accreditation requirements. Some processes are not maintained in a continuous manner, raising questions about the development of a true CQI culture.
Sets of signs denoting the year on a Paleolithic artifact from the Baikal region and a towel from Podillya
Authors: Prychepii Yevhen
Published: June 2021

The offered concept states that primitive people operated "sacred" sets. The author considers them to be sets of signs on archaeological artifacts and folk ornaments conveying the cycles of heavenly bodies and the physiological cycles of a woman reduced by certain numbers. These are stable sets having become entrenched in mythology and acquired the status of "sacred". Based on this concept, the sets of signs have been studied on the Paleolithic artifact from the Baikal region. Two groups of signs have been distinguished: circles (there are 364 of them) forming sets, and signs (there are 7 of them) delimiting the sets. The author presents the idea that the artifact superposes the days of a year (364) and woman's pregnancy (280) sets. For this purpose, ancient people depicted the "sacred" set of 88 located in the center of the spiral in a color different from the rest of the spiral. Thus, according to the author, they indicated the subtraction of the "sacred" set of 88 from the set of the year. Since the difference between them (364-88 = 276) is four days less than the set of 280, the deficiency was made up by four delimitation signs indicating the action of addition. The research considers two options for superposing the yearly and pregnancy sets. To compare, the author analyzes the sets of signs on the ornament of a towel from Podillya. This analysis shows that these sets are sacred and add up to a year (364). The author assumes that the "sacred" sets on the artifacts of ancient people and on ornaments could appear as summands for obtaining great sets (365/364, 280, 224, etc.). This approach opens up a new perspective in the study of sets on artifacts and ornaments.
The philosophy of silence in the context of a stage action
Authors: Patsunov Valerii
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the nature of non-verbal human behavior. It reveals the non-verbal toolkit of the actor, its advantages over the verbal one and the main characteristics, i.e. organicity, staginess, informative richness and influence on the viewer. The antiscientific nature of the concept of verbal action and its destructive role in the organic process of the birth of a word are revealed.
The study reveals the leading role of directing in the creation of the non-verbal text of the show. It determines the role of stage "silence" as the most informative and influential actor and director's tool for revealing the deep meanings of human characters, events and phenomena in the process of creating performances. The article emphasizes that it is the zones of silence, pauses, mise-en-scènes, the actor's psychophysical and director's staging constructions, and not literary texts, that broadcast the innermost meanings of spectacles, reveal the labyrinths of thoughts, intentions and feelings of the characters hidden behind dramatic texts, appealing to the imagination, fantasy and intuition of the viewer.
The main types and varieties of stage pauses and zones of silence are summarized.
The main provisions of the research are illustrated with non-verbal static and dynamic episodes from films and from works of theatrical art.
Interaction of sound and image in modern audiovisual culture
Authors: Zheliezniak Serafym
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the possible types of combination of sound track components with the visual track, namely diegetic and non-diegetic sound, actual, commentative sound, etc., reveals the main positions and opinions of foreign and Ukrainian authors studying the problem, types of sound in screen projects, and their significance and features in the context of audiovisual culture are indicated. Examples of creative application of audio track in modern Ukrainian and foreign audiovisual culture are considered. The following methods were used during the study: analysis was used for consideration of the components of the sound track and certain types of interaction of sound and image, comparative method was used to study different concepts of scientists to more fully present the issue, systematic approach was used to study a set of types of the combination of sound and image in audiovisual projects. The scientific novelty of the article is to highlight the current state of theoretical approaches to the interaction of sound and image in audiovisual culture. The results of the study are of practical importance to scholars studying film, audiovisual culture, as well as to sound engineers and other creative professionals working on screen projects, in order to be able to master possible techniques to combine sound with the visual component of the project.
Five preludes of Mykola Roslavets in the reflection of academic and avant-garde trends of his time
Authors: Minhalov Pavlo
Published: June 2021

The article considers a set of problems related to the study of piano art of the early XXth century and, in particular, the piano work of Mykola Roslavets. It provides the characteristic of the main vectors of piano miniature development, its genre and construction diversity. It emphasizes the composers' creative search in the early XXth century, the desire to embody new, not yet tested compositional techniques. The article notes the influence of traditional and avant-garde trends on the compositional style of that time and their synthesis in a single author's style. It describes five preludes for piano by Mykola Roslavets as one of the most significant achievements of the mature period of the artist's work, which fully reveals the key features of the composer's sense and desire for syntheticity and a new, intellectual, system of sound organization. The five preludes are stated to not have an accidental cycle structure reflecting the influence of many styles and compositional techniques, accumulating the achievements of previous musical epochs and sprouts of the latest, quite important musical trends in piano music. The author notes undoubted influence of Mykola Roslavets' work on the further development of musical art, its relevance and modernity. The proposed analysis should contribute to a more complete understanding of the history of piano music of the first third of the XXth century, elucidate the origins of innovative composers, undeservedly overlooked by musicologists, performers and listeners, and replenish the performing repertoire with piano works by Mykola Roslavets.
Practicing Defensive Medicine Benefits No one
Authors: Chaturvedi Shailja
Published: June 2021

Background: More doctors are practising defensive medicine, which may have an impact on patient care. This paper explores the consequences and reasons, for the widespread trend, and recommendations for patient-focused clinical care.

Objective: A malpractice suit is the most scarring ordeal that a physician can undergo emotionally and financially. Excessive investigations may be counterproductive. Avoiding certain procedures or patients, for the fear of adverse outcome can be hazardous. There is a need for a better, discerning and judicious system, to minimise the trauma to the largely conscientious and dedicated medical professionals.

 Discussion

How and when the term defensive medicine started, is difficult to trace. However, over the past few decades, it seems to be a well-known practice in industrialised countries. It may have been due to increasing complaints against doctors heralding potential litigation and malpractice suit. Most doctors do not take the privilege of the trust of their patients lightly and respond to it with utmost sincerity.
MULTISCALE BSBL COMPRESSED SENSING-BASED ECG SIGNAL COMPRESSION WITH ENCODING FOR TELEMEDICINE
Authors: Surekha K. S. , Patil B. P. , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Davinder Pal
Published: June 2021

An electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an important diagnostic tool for cardiologists to detect the abnormality. In continuous monitoring, an ambulatory huge amount of ECG data is involved. This leads to high storage requirements and transmission costs. Hence, to reduce the storage and transmission cost, there is a requirement for an efficient compression or coding technique. One of the most promising compression techniques is Compressive Sensing (CS) which makes efficient compression of signals. By this methodology, a signal can easily be reconstructed if it has a sparse representation. This paper presents the Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (BSBL)-based multiscale compressed sensing (MCS) method for the compression of ECG signals. The main focus of the proposed technique is to achieve a reconstructed signal with less error and more energy efficiency. The ECG signal is sparsely represented by wavelet transform. MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database is used for testing purposes. The Huffman technique is used for encoding and decoding. The signal recovery is appropriate up to 75% of compression. The quality of the signal is ascertained using the standard performance measures such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Percent root mean square difference (PRD). The quality of the reconstructed ECG signal is also validated through the visual method. This method is most suitable for telemedicine applications.
Complementary Teaching Strategies Anchored in the Peer-Assisted Learning Model
Authors: Rosencrum Elisabeth C. , Hildebrand Emily E. , Negron Meghan , Adkinson Claire
Published: June 2021

Context

Peer learning often happens naturally in athletic training education. Deliberate use of evidence-based learning models and strategies related to peer learning could make the peer work more effective.

Objective

To describe the approach to learning in the athletic training classroom, using the peer-assisted learning model, reciprocal teaching style, and structured peer feedback, that may improve student progress toward learning outcomes.

Background

The 3 complementary strategies have been described independently in the athletic training literature as well as in other health care curricula. The positive findings related to student learning continues to support the use of these pedagogic practices; however, they have not been explored as a collective way to design a course that includes a multitude of cognitive and psychomotor competencies. The reciprocal teaching style and structured peer feedback complement the peer-assisted learning model, offering a familiar didactic environment to address learning outcomes.

Description

Two therapeutic modalities courses were taught using the peer-assisted learning model with the use of reciprocal teaching style to encourage the expected student roles and behaviors. Structured peer feedback offered opportunities for increased student socialization and focus on improving clinical skills through low-stakes interactions.

Advantage(s)

The integration of reciprocal teaching style and structured peer feedback within the peer-assisted learning model may allow students to deliberately interact with each other and progress through course content and application.

Conclusion(s)

Through purposeful course design, athletic training educators may foster a classroom environment (lecture and lab) that focuses students on practicing skills and reinforcing correct technique through productive and constant communication.
Perception, Knowledge, and Attitude of Individuals from Different Regions of Saudi Arabia toward Dental Implants and Bone Grafts
Authors: Alkhaldi Malak Sultan , Alshuaibi Abrar Ali , Alshahran Shamoukh Safar , Koppolu Pradeep , Abdelrahim Rawa Kamal , Swapna Lingam Amara
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the perception, knowledge, and attitude of individuals from different regions of Saudi Arabia toward dental implants and bone grafts.

Material and Methods:

An online, self-oriented, and cross-sectional-based questionnaire with 21 items was given to 1622 individuals from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire recorded the perception, knowledge, and attitude of participants and their agreement or rejection of dental implants and various kinds of bone grafts. The responses were compared with age, sex, and educational level. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the collected data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Most of the males (35.8%) and females (39.8%) reported that the major source of data regarding dental implants is friends and families. Majority of the participants (approximately 75% males and 73% females) support the idea that dental implants last for lifetime, whereas majority of the participants (approximately 49% males and 56% females) displayed their unawareness regarding materials used for dental implants. The overall acceptance rates of participants for autografts, alloplasts, xenografts from the cow, xenografts from the horse, and allografts were 40%, 15.9%, 2.5%, 2.2%, and 1.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The expense of dental implants was considered the foremost reason for avoiding the procedure. Most of the participants think that fixed dental prostheses last longer than removable prosthesis. Autograft was the most accepted bone graft, whereas allograft was the least accepted bone graft over the responded participants.
Prevalence and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Association with Orofacial Symptoms in Patients Attending the Dental Clinics
Authors: Alyami Yagoub D. , Sabeh Abrar M. , Bin Afif Abdulrahman Abdullah , Yousef Roblah Yara Musa , Abdul Rahman D Ibraheem , S. Alfarsi Mawwadah Khaled , H. Alzahrani Fadi Salem
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dentists have a vital role in detection of the signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as it modifies in anatomy of orofacial structures.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to assess the prevalence of OSA risk in patients attending dental department and explore the factors related with high-risk OSA.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried in the Al-Farabi Dental College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on 200 consecutive dental patients from June 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019. Demographic details and the OSA risk were evaluated based on the Berlin questionnaire (Arabic version). Two qualified investigators independently did anthropometric measurements, medical and dental examination.

Results:

About 3.7% of males and 13.8% of females were found to be at high risk of OSA. Obese individuals almost had twice more likely chance to have OSA symptoms.

Conclusion:

Our findings confirm that dentists have an important role in recognizing the OSA signs and symptoms.
Extraction or Nonextraction in Orthodontic Cases: A Review
Authors: Mapare Sagar , Mundada Ram , Karra Arjun , Agrawal Shivam , Mahajan Sushil Bhagwan , Tadawalkar Ashutosh
Published: June 2021

Orthodontic treatment helps bring teeth in alignment. There is always debate whether tooth should be extracted or not for treating crowding. The present article highlights various advantages and disadvantages of extraction.
Esthetic Root Coverage by Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft with Management of Repeated Rupture of Palatal Arterial Bleeding: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Agroya Archana , Khanna Shilpa Sunil , Chhabra Parul , Sheth Ami Mayurkumar , Vattikunta Naresh , Kaur Navneet
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, patients are much concerned about esthetics of the oro-facial region. Gingival recession is considered as one of the major esthetic problems creating complex situations by compromising oral esthetics. This can be treated successfully by means of several mucogingival surgical procedures which can be used to accomplish satisfactory root coverage without any loss of interdental soft- and hard-tissue height. Grafts are also very useful in such scenarios. Our case reports the connective tissue graft technique used in the treatment of gingival recession. The objective of this case was to evaluate the efficacy of connective tissue graft (CTG) and also to mention the management of complications on the donor site.
Titanium Mesh versus Medpor Implant in Orbital Floor Reconstructions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Marella Vishnu Gowtham , Rohit  , Khetrapal Prateek , Gangasani Alankrutha , Bhanot Rishabh , Uppal Ashish
Published: June 2021

Background:

Treating orbital injuries is interesting and difficult in the facial trauma. The balance in facial proportions and also the facial esthetics are required to achieve an anatomical harmony.

Objective:

To compare the functional results of individual reconstruction of orbital floor using either titanium mesh or Medpor in terms of various factors.

Materials and Methods:

There were two study groups including eight subjects with orbital floor fracture, namely A (Medpor) and B (titanium mesh). Various parameters were analyzed postoperatively at intervals of 1 week, 3 week, 6th week, and 3 months after the surgery.

Statistical Analysis:

Comparison of the different time points with respect to pain scores in the two study groups by Wilcoxon matched pairs test was done. P value was significant in the study Group A with P = 0.0431* and was insignificant in the study Group B with P = 0.1088.

Results:

All three cases of titanium mesh in orbital floor reconstruction had signs of infection, tenderness, and radiographic proof after 1 week in two subjects and 3 weeks in one patient. Pain was seen in all eight patients 1 week postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Although orbital reconstruction is a technique sensitive procedure both Medpore and Titanium mesh functions.
Evaluating the Need of Continuing the Antiplatelet Drug Therapy in Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Rao Amit , Nimkar Amit , Mahajani Monica , Suvvari Rama Krishna , Bhanot Rishabh
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dental treatment in patients on antiplatelet drug therapy is a long standing debate. Discontinuation of medication increases the risk of thrombotic complications, whereas continuation leads to increased postoperative bleeding.

Aim:

We conducted this prospective cross-sectional study to assess risk of bleeding in patients continuing antiplatelet medication while performing minor oral surgical procedures such as single or multiple teeth extraction, transalveolar extraction of third molar, biopsy, and alveoloplasty.

Materials and Methods:

We calibrated the steps taken to achieve hemostasis, time taken to arrest bleeding, and correlated time taken to achieve hemostasis in patients under antiplatelet drug therapy (Group A [n = 64] - aspirin, Group B [n = 36] - aspirin and clopidogrel) and in patients without any drug therapy (Group C [n = 100] healthy patients).

Results:

Out of 200 patients, Level 1 hemostatic measures were required for 129 (64.5%) patients, Level 2 hemostatic measures were taken for 68 (34.0%) patients, and Level 3 hemostatic measures were taken for 3 (1.5%) patients. Chi-square test conducted to compare the local hemostatic measures taken for minor oral surgical procedure for all groups was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:

Overall, there was no postoperative bleeding within 24 h of extraction in any patient group. In conclusion, surgical procedures can be safely accomplished in patients receiving single or dual antiplatelet therapy when appropriate local hemostatic measures are taken.
The Effects of Various Final Irrigants on the Bond Strength of Root Dentin Exposed to Chloroform: An In vitro Study
Authors: Kuriakose Feby , Joy Basil , Mathew Joy , Karathodiyil Ranjith , R Hariprasad , Philip Teenu
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the reaction of different final irrigants to the bond strength of root dentin exposed to chloroform.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty extracted maxillary central incisors were selected. Working length was determined, and canal was instrumented with ProTaper rotary system (Dentsply Maillefer) till F4 file. The specimens were then divided into five groups (n = 10). Group 1: not disclosed to any root canal solvent, Group 2: disclosed to chloroform for 5 min, Group 3: chloroform for 5 min followed by absolute alcohol, Group 4: chloroform for 5 min followed by chlorhexidine (CHX), And Group 5 – chloroform for 5 min followed by saline. The canals were obturated with F4 gutta-percha cones with AH Plus sealer. The samples will be sectioned horizontally into 1 ± 0.1 mm thick slices. The push-out bond strength was performed in a universal testing machine. Results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

Results:

There existed a significant difference between the mean push-out bond strength of different groups. Irrigation with chloroform negatively affected the bonding between root canal sealer and root dentine. Absolute alcohol significantly improved the bond strength values.

Conclusion:

Exposure with chloroform during the retreatment will decrease the bonding between sealer (AH Plus) and root dentine. The use of absolute alcohol as a final irrigant improved the bonding between sealer and dentin. CHX and saline showed no improvement in bond strength.
Assessment of Salivary Cortisol Concentrations as a Level of Stress Indicator among Individuals Undergoing Dental Extraction Procedure
Authors: Thayumanavan Balakrishnan , Krithika C. , Mohideen Khadijah , R. Ranjalitha A.V. , Sacred Twinkle C.M. , Pravda C. , Prabhu Swetha
Published: June 2021

Background:

Anxious patients tend to exaggerate the aversive events before the actual dental therapy. The anxiety and fear are the major factors that regulate cortisol levels.

Aim:

Our study aims to estimate the salivary cortisol among patients subjected to dental extraction and correlate any existence between pre- and post-extraction cortisol levels and vital parameters compared to the control group.

Methodology:

The study sample included sixty individuals, thirty patients indicated for a dental extraction, and thirty healthy patients between the ages of 18 and 60 years. We collected saliva samples from the control group and pre- and post-extraction samples from the study group participants and vital parameters. We used quantitative ELISA Kit, Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc. (DBC), to estimate the salivary cortisol level. We evaluated the values using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and paired t-test using the JMP 15; JMP Pro, Version 15 (SAS) Microsoft® Windows® for × 64.

Results:

The mean value of cortisol concentration of saliva was significantly greater in the preextraction group (6.13 ± 0.53 μg/dl) than after extraction group (3.17 ± 0.14 μg/dl) (P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between hemodynamic parameters and salivary cortisol concentration except for the postextraction systolic blood pressure (BP). A comparison of hemodynamic parameters between the study and control group revealed substantial differences in systolic BP.

Conclusion:

The patient's anticipation and anxiety toward dental therapy elevate the cortisol level. Dental surgeons should treat the patients more conveniently and effectively without any strains and provide a comfortable atmosphere to avoid stress-related consequences.
Effect of Different Bonding Techniques on Marginal Adaptation of Harmonize Composite Resin at Different Storage Times
Authors: Alagha Ebaa Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of diverse bonding methods on marginal adaptation of harmonize composite at altered times of storage.

Materials and Methods:

The study was done on 120 upper premolars with two adhesive systems (n = 60), self-etch, and total-etch type. Sixty teeth of each method were stored at three different times (n = 20) 1 day, 3, and 6 months. Class II cavities were made in all teeth restored with Harmonize composite incrementally. Then, each tooth was sectioned into two halves in buccolingual direction and observed with stereomicroscope for detecting any gaps and scanning electron microscope to assess resin-dentin junction.

Results:

Mean gap area was more in the self-etch group at the cervical and occlusal margins. Storage period of 6 months revealed significantly highest mean gap area.

Conclusions:

Total-etch system showed better marginal adaptation than the self-etch system and storage of resin in water has unfavorable marginal adaptation.
Evaluation of Central Obesity, Increased Body Mass Index, and its Relation to Oropharyngeal Airway Space Using Lateral Cephalogram in Risk Prediction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: KavithaGiri Nanitha Lakshmi , Mani M. Sudhaa , Ahamed S. Yasmeen , Sivaraman G.
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Maxillofacial radiologists play a significant role in detecting airway changes using radiographic tools. Clinical examination parameters and lateral cephalogram parameters play a vital role in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and dreadful consequences.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate central obesity, increased body mass index (BMI), and its relation to oropharyngeal airway space using lateral cephalogram in risk prediction of OSA. Objectives are to measure central obesity and BMI.

Methodology:

BMI is measured using World Health Organization guidelines to measure oropharyngeal airway space and the tongue and soft palate area using lateral cephalogram to predict OSA's risk using Berlin's questionnaire. Age group between 18 and 60 years with 20 individuals in each group will be present in the study.

Conclusion:

Cephalometric upper airway space and soft-tissue variables in different BMI groups were compared, and it was found that there was a decrease in SPAS, MAS with an increase in BMI, and in patients with BMI <24, there was narrower nasopharynx and oropharynx.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Canal-Centering Ability for Traditionally Used Nickel Titanium and Nickel Titanium Files with Reciprocating Hand Piece and Wave-One Files
Authors: Shaik Rubeena Tabasum , Uppalapati Satyanarayana V. V. , Uppu Lavanya Neelima , Sudhamsetty Sriramarao , Kumar D. Praneeth , Kumpatla Maheswari
Published: June 2021

Aim of the Study:

Need for our study was to evaluate a comparison between canal preparation ability of nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand files with step-back manual technique, of NiTi files installed on a reciprocating hand piece and of Wave-One files utilizing noninvasive cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty extracted intact single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in the study, segregated in three sets of 10 specimens each, where canal instrumentation was done by different methods using NiTi in step-back technique, using reciprocating hand piece with NiTi files and using primary file with the use of Wave-One reciprocating system. Later, evaluation of centering ability was conducted using the references through CBCT images.

Results:

Hand NiTi files showed even less canal centering ability as compared to other two sets. Mesiodistal diameter at 9 mm length of the prepared canal was 1.06 and later was 0.98, which shows excessive preparation in case of Set I versus Set II. In case of comparison between Set III and Set I, mesiodistal diameter at 9 mm length of the prepared canal was 0.99, and later was 1.06, depicting better canal shaping ability with Wave-One file.

Conclusion:

The use of hand NiTi files installed on a reciprocating hand piece would be economically beneficial producing the similar results as that of wave one without any deviation from the original canal anatomy.
Assessment of Fracture Resistances of Endodontically Treated Teeth Filled with Different Root Canal Filling Systems
Authors: Chandra Padma , Singh Vishal , Singh Shelly , Agrawal Govind Nandkumar , Heda Amit , Patel Nikita Sureshkumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

The motive of endodontic therapy is cleaning, shaping, and subsequently obturation. This study assessed different root canal filling systems in terms of fracture resistances of endodontically treated teeth.

Methodology:

This study was conducted on eighty single-rooted permanent mandibular incisor teeth which were divided into five groups: Group I was negative control; Group II was positive control; Group III comprised of gutta-percha/AH Plus; Group IV comprised of Thermafil/AH Plus; and Group V Resilon/Epiphany SE. Universal testing machine measured fracture resistance.

Results:

The mean fracture resistance in Group I was 458.6 ± 112.4 N, in Group II was 214.8 ± 104.6 N, in Group III was 428.6 ± 108.2 N, in Group IV was 388.2 ± 126.2 N, and in Group V was 334.8 ± 102.7 N. The difference found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Groups I-II, I-V, II-III, and II-IV.

Conclusion:

The authors found that lateral condensation performed with AH Plus sealer and gutta-percha and the Thermafil technique were the highest among all other methods.
Mandibular Ramus as a Strong Expressor of Sex Determinations: A Digital Radiographic Study
Authors: Kaur Ramneet , Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Aggarwal Amit , Mittal Preeti Garg , Singh Mandeep , Patel Mili Lalitkumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mandibular ramus in gender identification in Haryana population.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred patients were assessed. Panoramic radiological examination was done. Following parameters were recorded: MAX. RM. WDTH (Maximum ramus breadth), MIN. RM. WDTH (Minimum ramus breadth), CND. HGT. RM (Condylar height), PRJ. HGT. RM (Projective height of the ramus), and CRND. HGT. RM (Coronoid height). All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0.

Results:

There is significant difference found in males and females in maximum ramus width, minimum ramus width, condylar height, and coronoid height and between male and females in condylar height and coronoid height. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference between male and females in coronoid height.

Conclusion:

Mandibular ramus can be used for gender assessment as a part of forensic investigation.
Assessment of Prevalence of Dental Caries among School-going Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Kaur Kanwalpreet , Narang Samisha , Yadav Saurabh , Kaur Sukhpreet , Singh Neha Verma
Published: June 2021

Background:

The background of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries among school-going children.

Materials and Methods:

Six thousand eight hundred and ninety school-going children was enrolled. General clinical examination was carried out. Mouth mirror, probe, and explorer were used for carrying out the clinical examination. Over a time span of 6 months, the entire study was completed. All the examiners who performed clinical examination underwent a single-day training program for detecting dental caries. All the participants were seated on straight wooden chairs and were examined clinically. The prevalence of caries was recorded.

Results:

The prevalence was 26.02%. Among these children with dental caries, 50.25% of the children belonged to the age group of 13–15 years, while the remaining 49.75% of the children belonged to the age group of 9–12 years. Prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher in females (71.11%) in comparison to males. Furthermore, dental caries was significantly more prevalent among participants with toothbrushing frequency of less than once a day (51.20%).

Conclusion:

There is an imperative need for intimating health check-up camps among school-going children.
Oral Sensations among Individuals with Illicit Drug Dependence in Rehabilitation Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bhuyan Lipsa , Nishat Roquaiya , Goutham Balasubramanya , Dash Kailash Chandra , Mishra Pallavi , Mahapatra Niva
Published: June 2021

Background:

In developing countries like India, irrespective of the various government laws and actions, substance abuse is a growing problem. Individuals with illicit drug dependence face social and psychological stigma with considerable health problems. Negligence to oral hygiene and lack of oral health treatments intensifies the sensations experienced by the subjects.

Aim:

The aim is to determine the patterns of substance abuse and oral health sensations among individuals with illicit drug dependence.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted wherein 213 male individuals with illicit drug dependence history, admitted in rehabilitation centers of Bhubaneswar, formed the study population. Information pertaining to the type and duration of drug dependence along with oral sensations experienced by the individuals during a period of 3 months was obtained by interviewing by the subjects. Chi-square test was done to identify variations in oral sensations produced by different illicit drugs and its relationship with their usage pattern.

Results:

About 40.8% of dependents reported cannabis intake, thus making it the most commonly consumed drug. About 80.8% of all the subjects reported dryness of the mouth, 47.9% reported sensitivity of teeth and 28.2% suffered from the numbness of their mouth. About 19.7% of the individuals felt like chewing on something, 23% inclined toward grinding, whereas 11.7% experienced pain in the jaw muscles and joint. Sixty percent of substance dependents who smoked drugs had sensitive teeth (P ≤ 0.05). All the oral sensations experienced were significantly more among drug dependents with a history of illicit drug usage for >5years in comparison to others.

Conclusion:

Substance abuse results in a range of oral sensations. De-addiction programs in India lack oral health-care components. Studies on oral complications related to addiction stresses on the need of oral healthcare at various levels, including education, prevention, and treatment. All these components should be amalgamated into general care services for addicts.
Scanning Electron Microscopic and Dye Penetration Evaluation of Hand Instrumentation Techniques on Formation of Smear Layer in Root Canal Preparation: An In vitro Study
Authors: Galhotra Vineet , Chauhan Ankur , Mohkar Sagar H. , Heda Amit , Agrawal Govind Nandkumar , Chavan Aniket
Published: June 2021

Aims and Objectives:

The present study was undertaken for evaluating various hand instrumentation techniques with different instruments in the formation of smear layer.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and seventy-five extracted mandibular molars were collected and were cut at cementoenamel junction. Afterward, the distal roots were separated. Working length was determined, and roots were divided into five equal groups with 35 roots in each group as follows: Group A: K-type files with conventional step-back technique, Group B: Canal Master U instrument with clockwise–counterclockwise rotation, Group C: Flex-R® files with clockwise–counterclockwise rotation, Group D: FlexoFiles® with conventional step-back technique, and Group E: Nickel titanium files with conventional step-back technique. Biomechanical preparation was done according to their respective groups. The teeth in various groups were scanned under scanning electron microscope and scoring was done. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software version 17.0.

Results:

Scanning electron microscopic results indicated that apparently there seems to be a significant difference in the scoring of the smear layer between each group at all the three levels, but the difference was statistically nonsignificant. Microleakage was present in all the samples. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the microleakage in between different the groups. However, microleakage was highest in Group D.

Conclusion:

The amount of smear layer is maximum at the apical third and lesser in the middle third followed by the coronal third in all the groups. All the samples showed microleakage to a varying extent.
Assessment of Prevalence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in the North Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Ramneet , Behl Ashima Bali , Punia Ramandeep Singh , Nirav Kumar , Singh Khundongbam Bikramjit , Kaur Sukhpreet
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objective:

The present study was undertaken for assessing the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in the North Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

Assessment of a total of 4255 patients was done over a period of 2 years, who came for a routine dental checkup. Recording of the complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients was done. The prevalence of RAS was assessed. Profile of patients with RAS was assessed separately. A pro forma was made and the type of treatment protocol followed by patients with RAS was also recorded. All the results were recorded in a Microsoft Excel sheet and were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

Analysis of a total of 4255 patients was done. RAS was found to be present in 800 patients. The overall prevalence of RAS was found to be 18.93%. Significant results were obtained when analyzing age, gender, and occupation as risk factors for RAS. Labial/buccal mucosa involvement occurred in 51.875% of the cases. In 44% of the cases, the size of the RAS was between 1 cm and 3 cm. Home remedy was followed in 17.875% of the cases.

Conclusion:

A significant proportion of patients in the North Indian population is affected by RAS. In comparison to males, females are more commonly affected.
Assessment of the Effect of Complete Dentures on Respiratory Performance: A Spirometric Analysis
Authors: Shah Bukhari Jawaz Ahmad , Sudan Sidhant , Bangar Bhushan , Kumar Neeraj , Bhatia Prateek , Duggal Rohit
Published: June 2021

Background:

Among the vital functions, respiration can be claimed to be one of the most important. A thorough understanding of the patient should be an important aspect a prosthodontist should dwell into so as to predispose patients to acknowledge the kind of prosthesis they require. Hence, the present study was conducted for assessing the effect of complete dentures on respiratory performance.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty patients with the presence of complete edentulous arch and who had a history of complete denture usage for at least 5 years were enrolled. All the spirometric procedures were performed by trained technicians. A diagnostic spirometer was employed for performing the spirometric test. Testing was carried out in the following steps: Stage 1: testing in the absence of denture, Stage 2: testing in the presence of both dentures, Stage 3: testing in the presence of maxillary denture only, and Stage 4: testing in the presence of mandibular dentures only. Forced vital capacity (FVC) value, peak expiratory flow (PEF) value, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) value, and forced expiratory flow 25%–75% (FEF25–75) value were recorded with the spirometric test. Analysis of all the results was done by SPSS software.

Results:

The spirometric value of FVC, PEF, FEV1, and FEF25–75 in the absence of both maxillary and mandibular dentures (Stage 1) was found to be 3.18, 5.83, 2.44, and 2.80, respectively. The spirometric value of FVC, PEF, FEV1, and FEF25–75 in the presence of both maxillary and mandibular dentures (Stage 2) was found to be 3.09, 5.67, 2.41, and 2.67, respectively. While analyzing statistically, it was seen that there was a significant decrease in the value of spirometric variables in the presence of dentures.

Conclusion:

Chronic denture wearer edentulous patients are subjected to the risk of development of spirometric alterations. Hence, these patients should be given timely instructions about the various respiratory exercise protocols.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Pulp-Capping Materials against Enterococcus faecalis: An In vitro Study
Authors: Atom Jenny , Devi Ningthoukhongjam Rati , Lairenlakpam Ronel , Dafer Al Wadei Mohammed Hussain , Hakami Abdulrahim R. , BinShaya Abdulkarim S.
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The present study aims to assess the antimicrobial action of three different pulp-capping agents against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and Methods:

Three pulp-capping agents were chosen for this study: Calcicur, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-Angelus, and Dycal. The zone of inhibition produced by these three pulp-capping agents was measured at 24 h and 72 h to assess their antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis. The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial effect of pulp-capping agents. Mueller-Hinton agar plates were used to inoculate the microorganisms. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests were done to compare the different groups. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

At 24 h, the highest zone of inhibition was found in MTA-Angelus (3.32 ± 0.11 mm), followed by Dycal (2.02 ± 0.46 mm) and Calcicur (1.84 ± 0.92 mm). After 72 h, MTA-Angelus demonstrated a zone of inhibition of 4.60 ± 0.22 mm, followed by Dycal (3.48 ± 0.74 mm) and Calcicur (2.90 ± 0.18 mm). ANOVA test showed a highly statistical significance. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was shown between MTA-Angelus and Dycal. Calcicur did not show any significant difference.

Conclusion:

This trial found that the freshly mixed MTA-Angelus has a significantly superior antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis than Dycal and Calcicur.
Oral Health Status of Down's Syndrome Patients in Aseer, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sandeepa N. C. , Al Hagbani Sara Ali , Alhammad Fatmah Abdulrahman , Al Shahrani Amal Saeed , Al Asmari Sara Eid
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

It was observed that compared to the general population, mentally challenged subjects have higher rates of poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis is a common finding with moderate or severe variety reported most commonly. Periodontal disease is the most significant oral health problem, which can even lead to mobility of tooth and tooth loss. It is essential to generate oral health precautionary agendas and familiarize it with them.

Materials and Methods:

Four Centres of rehabilitation in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia were included and subjects of 3–24 year age group was examined. Written informed consent was obtained from directors of Centres. Caries, oral hygiene status, soft-tissue and hard-tissue lesions were evaluated and statistically analyzed.

Results:

Higher Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth score was observed in the present study in contrast to many other studies. Periodontal disease was seen in higher age group with higher percentages. Poor oral hygiene was seen in 27.3% of males and 66.7% of females. Tongue lesions comprised 85.7%, which accounted for the major part of soft-tissue abnormality. Various occlusal abnormalities (75%) and developmental tooth disturbances (53.6%) constitute the higher portion in hard-tissue abnormality.

Conclusion:

Dentists should be conscious of the range of oral anomalies that can manifest in this group of the patients. The microbial or serological investigation was not done which could have explained the etiology behind these lesions. In spite of these confines, the survey result have provided information regarding the oral health status of Down's syndrome subjects and the necessity of focusing on oral health need.
Stature Estimation of an Individual Using Nasal, Facial, and Palatal Height among Tamil Nadu Population
Authors: Dinakaran J. , Hariganesgh P. , Shamala S. , Dhivya K. , Saranya V. , Saranya M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Stature estimation in human identification has a significant forensic importance. The stature correlates positively with bones or human body parts. Measurements of various body parts such as the arm, leg, feet, and finger can be used to estimate stature. This study is done to correlate the stature of person with facial, nasal, and palatal height among Tamil Nadu population.

Aim and Objective:

The aim and objective was to determine an individual's stature using facial, nasal, and palatal height and to find out the most reliable parameter to determine the stature of the person.

Materials and Methods:

Anthropometer, Vernier caliper, and palatometer were used for the analysis. The initial pilot study included 20 individuals. The representative study included 100 individuals of age 21–25 years. (Group 1 – males, Group 2 – females). Values of the three parameters (nasal, facial, and palatal) are calculated and related to that of the person's stature.

Results:

The quantitative data collected from the subjects are studied using (Pearson correlation) statistical analysis. The quantitative data availed from nasal height were found to be more reliable compared to the other two data in stature prediction. Correlation between stature and nasal height shows a significant positive correlation among the female group (2) with (P– value = 0.57).

Conclusion:

This study may play a significant role in case of human identification immediately after mass disasters and certain criminal investigations. Further studies with larger samples may produce more reliable values.