bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Organizing Maps: An AI Tool for Identifying Unexpected Source Signatures in Non-Target Screening Analysis of Urban Wastewater by HPLC-HRMS
Authors: Gelao Vito , Fornasaro Stefano , Briguglio Sara C. , Mattiussi Michele , De Martin Stefano , Astel Aleksander M. , Barbieri Pierluigi , Licen Sabina
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Monitoring effluent in water treatment plants has a key role in identifying potential pollutants that might be released into the environment. A non-target analysis approach can be used for identifying unknown substances and source-specific multipollutant signatures. (2) Methods: Urban and industrial wastewater effluent were analyzed by HPLC-HRMS for non-target analysis. The anomalous infiltration of industrial wastewater into urban wastewater was investigated by analyzing the mass spectra data of “unknown common” compounds using principal component analysis (PCA) and the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) AI tool. The outcomes of the models were compared. (3) Results: The outlier detection was more straightforward in the SOM model than in the PCA one. The differences among the samples could not be completely perceived in the PCA model. Moreover, since PCA involves the calculation of new variables based on the original experimental ones, it is not possible to reconstruct a chromatogram that displays the recurring patterns in the urban WTP samples. This can be achieved using the SOM outcomes. (4) Conclusions: When comparing a large number of samples, the SOM AI tool is highly efficient in terms of calculation, visualization, and identifying outliers. Interpreting PCA visualization and outlier detection becomes challenging when dealing with a large sample size.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Coastal Sediments in China
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhao Qi , Gao Fu , Wang Ziye , Li Mingrui , Li Haiming , Wang Yizhe
Published: January 2024

Although the ecological risk of emerging contaminants is currently a research hotspot in China and abroad, few studies have investigated the ecological risk of pesticide pollutants in Chinese coastal sediments. In this study, nine pesticide pollutants included in the “List of New Key Pollutants for Control (2023 Edition)” issued by the Chinese government were used as the research objects, and the environmental exposure of pesticide pollutants in China’s coastal sediments was analyzed. The baseline sediment quality criteria were deduced using the balanced distribution method, and a multi-level ecological risk assessment of pesticides in sediment was performed. The results showed that the nine pesticide pollutants were widespread in Chinese coastal sediments, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 ng·g−1 to 330 ng·g−1. The risk quotient assessment showed that endosulfan and DDT posed medium environmental risks to the Chinese coastal sediment environment, and PCBs posed medium risks in some bays of the East China Sea. The semi-probabilistic, optimized semi-probability evaluation and joint probability curve (JPC) assessments all show that endosulfan and DDT pose a certain degree of risk to the environment.
Hydroquinone Ecotoxicity: Unveiling Risks in Soil and River Ecosystems with Insights into Microbial Resilience
Authors: Valenzuela Antonio , Ballestero Diego , Gan Cristina , Lorca Guillermo , Langa Elisa , Pino-Otín María Rosa
Published: January 2024

Despite widespread industrial use, the environmental safety of hydroquinone (HQ), a benzene compound from plants used in processes like cosmetics, remains uncertain. This study evaluated the ecotoxicological impact of HQ on soil and river environments, utilizing non-target indicator organisms from diverse trophic levels: Daphnia magna, Aliivibrio fischeri, Allium cepa, and Eisenia fetida. For a more environmentally realistic assessment, microbial communities from a river and untreated soil underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with growth and changes in community-level physiological profiling assessed using Biolog EcoPlate™ assays. The water indicator D. magna exhibited the highest sensitivity to HQ (EC50 = 0.142 µg/mL), followed by A. fischeri (EC50 = 1.446 µg/mL), and A. cepa (LC50 = 7.631 µg/mL), while E. fetida showed the highest resistance (EC50 = 234 mg/Kg). Remarkably, microbial communities mitigated HQ impact in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. River microorganisms displayed minimal inhibition, except for a significant reduction in polymer metabolism at the highest concentration (100 µg/mL). Soil communities demonstrated resilience up to 100 µg/mL, beyond which there was a significant decrease in population growth and the capacity to metabolize carbohydrates and polymers. Despite microbial mitigation, HQ remains highly toxic to various trophic levels, emphasizing the necessity for environmental regulations.
The Spatiotemporal Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Dengue Virus Serotypes/Genotypes in Senegal from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Dieng Idrissa , Talla Cheikh , Barry Mamadou Aliou , Gaye Aboubacry , Balde Diamilatou , Ndiaye Mignane , Kane Mouhamed , Sagne Samba Niang , Diagne Moussa Moise , Diop Boly , Diallo Boubacar , Sall Amadou Alpha , Faye Ousmane , Sow Abdourahmane , Fall Gamou , Loucoubar Cheikh , Faye Oumar
Published: January 2024

Dengue virus is becoming a major public health threat worldwide, principally in Africa. From 2016 to 2020, 23 outbreaks were reported in Africa, principally in West Africa. In Senegal, dengue outbreaks have been reported yearly since 2017. Data about the circulating serotypes and their spatial and temporal distribution were limited to outbreaks that occurred between 2017 and 2018. Herein, we describe up-to-date molecular surveillance of circulating DENV serotypes in Senegal between 2019 to 2023 and their temporal and spatial distribution around the country. For this purpose, suspected DENV-positive samples were collected and subjected to dengue detection and serotyping using RT-qPCR methods. Positive samples were used for temporal and spatial mapping. A subset of DENV+ samples were then sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results show a co-circulation of three DENV serotypes with an overall predominance of DENV-3. In terms of abundance, DENV-3 is followed by DENV-1, with scarce cases of DENV-2 from February 2019 to February 2022. Interestingly, data show the extinction of both serotype 1 and serotype 2 and the only circulation of DENV-3 from March 2022 to February 2023. At the genotype level, the analysis shows that sequenced strains belong to same genotype as previously described: Senegalese DENV-1 strains belong to genotype V, DENV-2 strains to the cosmopolitan genotype, and DENV-3 strains to Genotype III. Interestingly, newly obtained DENV 1–3 sequences clustered in different clades within genotypes. This co-circulation of strains belonging to different clades could have an effect on virus epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Overall, our results highlight DENV serotype replacement by DENV-3, accompanied by a wider geographic distribution, in Senegal. These results highlight the importance of virus genomic surveillance and call for further viral fitness studies using both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in-depth phylogeographic studies to uncover the virus dispersal patterns across the country.
Simplified Criteria to Assess Long-Term Antiviral Treatment Indication in Chronic HBV-Infected Pregnant Women in Cambodia
Authors: Yang Jee-Seon , Sovann Saren , Shimakawa Yusuke , Nhoueng Sovann , Dim Bunnet , Vong Chanlina , Sann Channa , Guillebaud Julia , Vann Darapolin , Touch Bunrith , Chea Hyna , Phirum Wathanak Pisey Choupoan , Rosenthal Eric , Paul Christelle , Khun Leangchhun , Yay Chantana , Laurent Denis , Chhun Samsorphea , Borand Laurence , Segeral Olivier
Published: January 2024

Pregnant women identified to carry hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be linked to care for the determination of the need for long-term antiviral therapy (LTT). We assessed the performance of simplified criteria, free from HBV DNA quantification, to select women eligible for LTT using different international guidelines as a reference. A retrospective analysis of HBV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the phase 4 ANRS TA-PROHM study was conducted in Cambodia. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC were computed to compare three simplified criteria (TREAT-B, HBcrAg/ALT, and TA-PROHM) with the American (AASLD) and European (EASL) guidelines as a reference. An additional assessment was performed at 6 months postpartum. Of 651 HBsAg-positive women, 209 (32%) received peripartum antiviral prophylaxis using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). During pregnancy, 9% and 12% of women were eligible for LTT according to AASLD and EASL guidelines, respectively; 21% and 24% of women were eligible for prophylactic TDF and 2% and 5% in those ineligible (p < 0.001). Using the AASLD guidelines, the AUROC of TREAT-B, HBcrAg/ALT, and TA-PROHM scores were 0.88 (95%CI, 0.85–0.90), 0.90 (95%CI, 0.87–0.92), and 0.76 (95%CI, 0.73–0.80), respectively. Using the EASL guidelines, the AUROCs were lower: 0.73 (95%CI, 0.69–0.76), 0.76 (95%CI, 0.73–0.80), and 0.71 (95%CI, 0.67–0.74), respectively. Among those ineligible for prophylactic TDF, only 2% to 6% present an indication for LTT at 24 weeks postpartum. Few pregnant women are eligible for LTT, and the use of simplified criteria could represent an efficient triage option in decentralized areas to identify those negative for whom there is no urgent indication for LTT and focus on those positive for whom other exams must be conducted to confirm LTT indication.
Structural Studies of Henipavirus Glycoproteins
Authors: May Aaron J. , Acharya Priyamvada
Published: January 2024

Henipaviruses are a genus of emerging pathogens that includes the highly virulent Nipah and Hendra viruses that cause reoccurring outbreaks of disease. Henipaviruses rely on two surface glycoproteins, known as the attachment and fusion proteins, to facilitate entry into host cells. As new and divergent members of the genus have been discovered and structurally characterized, key differences and similarities have been noted. This review surveys the available structural information on Henipavirus glycoproteins, complementing this with information from related biophysical and structural studies of the broader Paramyxoviridae family of which Henipaviruses are members. The process of viral entry is a primary focus for vaccine and drug development, and this review aims to identify critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that drive Henipavirus fusion.
Characterisation of New Foxunavirus Phage Murka with the Potential of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Control
Authors: Evseev Peter V. , Tarakanov Rashit I. , Vo Ha T. N. , Suzina Natalia E. , Vasilyeva Anna A. , Ignatov Alexander N. , Miroshnikov Konstantin A. , Dzhalilov Fevzi S.-U.
Published: January 2024

Phages of phytopathogenic bacteria are considered to be promising agents for the biological control of bacterial diseases in plants. This paper reports on the isolation and characterisation of a new Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris phage, Murka. Phage morphology and basic kinetic characteristics of the infection were determined, and a phylogenomic analysis was performed. The phage was able to lyse a reasonably broad range (64%, 9 of the 14 of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains used in the study) of circulating strains of the cabbage black rot pathogen. This lytic myovirus has a DNA genome of 44,044 bp and contains 83 predicted genes. Taxonomically, it belongs to the genus Foxunavirus. This bacteriophage is promising for use as a possible means of biological control of cabbage black rot.
Comparison between the Viral Illness Caused by SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses in Pediatrics
Authors: Brigadoi Giulia , Demarin Giulia Camilla , Boracchini Riccardo , Pierantoni Luca , Rossin Sara , Barbieri Elisa , Tirelli Francesca , Cantarutti Anna , Tempo Gaia , Giaquinto Carlo , Lanari Marcello , Da Dalt Liviana , Donà Daniele
Published: January 2024

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common infectious syndromes, primarily caused by viruses. The primary objective was to compare the illness courses between historical RTIs and recent SARS-CoV-2 infections. The study cohort consisted of RTI cases evaluated at the Pediatric Emergency Departments of Padua and Bologna, discharged or admitted with microbiologically confirmed viral RTI between 1 November 2018 and 30 April 2019 (historical period) and 1 March 2020 and 30 April 2021 (recent period). We evaluated the risk of oxygen or respiratory support, hospitalization, antibiotic therapy, and complications among different viral infections. The odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through mixed-effect logistic regression models, including a random intercept on the individual and hospital. We identified 767 RTIs: 359 in the historical period compared with 408 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Infections of SARS-CoV-2 had a lower risk of being admitted (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.03–0.07), receiving respiratory support (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06–0.58), needing antibiotic therapy (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22–0.56) and developing complications (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.14–0.51) compared to all other viral RTIs. COVID-19 in children is clinically similar to other viral RTIs but is associated with a less severe infection course. Thus, most prevention strategies implemented for SARS-CoV-2 should still be considered during RSV and Influenza epidemics.
Optimizing the Multimerization Properties of Quinoline-Based Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors
Authors: Sun Jian , Kessl Jacques J.
Published: January 2024

Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase (IN) Inhibitors or ALLINIs bind at the dimer interface of the IN, away from the enzymatic catalytic site, and disable viral replication by inducing over-multimerization of IN. Interestingly, these inhibitors are capable of impacting both the early and late stages of viral replication. To better understand the important binding features of multi-substituted quinoline-based ALLINIs, we have surveyed published studies on IN multimerization and antiviral properties of various substituted quinolines at the 4, 6, 7, and 8 positions. Here we show how the efficacy of these inhibitors can be modulated by the nature of the substitutions at those positions. These features not only improve the overall antiviral potencies of these compounds but also significantly shift the selectivity toward the viral maturation stage. Thus, to fully maximize the potency of ALLINIs, the interactions between the inhibitor and multiple IN subunits need to be simultaneously optimized.
Current Advances in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Drug Development
Authors: Guo Jiao , Mi Yunqi , Guo Yan , Bai Yang , Wang Meihua , Wang Wei , Wang Yang
Published: January 2024

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is a representative mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for acute encephalitis and meningitis in humans. Despite the availability of vaccines, JEV remains a major public health threat with the potential to spread globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are an estimated 69,000 cases of JE each year, and this figure is probably an underestimate. The majority of JE victims are children in endemic areas, and almost half of the surviving patients have motor or cognitive sequelae. Thus, the absence of a clinically approved drug for the treatment of JE defines an urgent medical need. Recently, several promising and potential drug candidates were reported through drug repurposing studies, high-throughput drug library screening, and de novo design. This review focuses on the historical aspects of JEV, the biology of JEV replication, targets for therapeutic strategies, a target product profile, and drug development initiatives.
Application of High-Throughput Sequencing for Comprehensive Virome Profiling in Grapevines Shows Yellows in Iran
Authors: Gholampour Zahra , Zakiaghl Mohammad , Asquini Elisa , Moser Mirko , Gualandri Valeria , Mehrvar Mohsen , Si-Ammour Azeddine
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive study on the whole spectrum of viruses and viroids in five Iranian grapevine cultivars was carried out using sRNA libraries prepared from phloem tissue. A comparison of two approaches to virus detection from sRNAome data indicated a significant difference in the results and performance of the aligners in viral genome reconstruction. The results showed a complex virome in terms of viral composition, abundance, and richness. Thirteen viruses and viroids were identified in five Iranian grapevine cultivars, among which the grapevine red blotch virus and grapevine satellite virus were detected for the first time in Iranian vineyards. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV1) and grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) were highly dominant in the virome. However, their frequency and abundance were somewhat different among grapevine cultivars. The results revealed a mixed infection of GLRaV1/grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1) and GFLV/GYSVd1 in grapevines that exhibited yellows and vein banding. We also propose a threshold of 14% of complete reconstruction as an appropriate threshold for detection of grapevine viruses that can be used as indicators for reliable grapevine virome profiling or in quarantine stations and certification programs.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Sixteen Potential Genes Associated with the Successful Differentiation of Antibody-Secreting Cells through the Utilization of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanisms in Robust Responders to the Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takahashi Meiko , Setoh Kazuya , Yamaguchi Izumi , Tabara Yasuharu , Van Steen Kristel , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Matsuda Fumihiko
Published: January 2024

The seasonal influenza vaccine remains one of the vital recommended infection control measures for the elderly with chronic illnesses. We investigated the immunogenicity of a single dose of influenza vaccine in 123 seronegative participants and classified them into four distinct groups, determined by the promptness of vaccine response, the longevity of humoral immunity, and the likelihood of exhibiting cross-reactivity. Subsequently, we used transcriptional profiling and differential gene expression analysis to identify potential genes directly associated with the robust response to the vaccine. The group of exemplary vaccine responders differentially expressed 16 genes, namely: MZB1, MYDGF, TXNDC5, TXNDC11, HSP90B1, FKBP11, PDIA5, PRDX4, CD38, SDC1, TNFRSF17, TNFRSF13B, PAX5, POU2AF1, IRF4, and XBP1. Our findings point out a list of expressed proteins that are related to B cell proliferation, unfolded protein response, and cellular haemostasis, as well as a linkage of these expressions to the survival of long-lived plasma cells.
Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Water Resources System Resilience and Identification of Its Driving Factors in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Li Jiaqi , He Weijun , Jiang Enhui , Qu Bo , Yuan Liang , Degefu Dagmawi Mulugeta , Ramsey Thomas Stephen
Published: January 2024

Water resources are crucial for the development of ecosystems and humanity. The Yellow River Basin (YRB), as an important ecological area in China, is facing significant challenges in ecological protection and high-quality development due to global climate change and intense human activities. In order to alleviate the water resources crisis in the YRB, it is necessary to calculate the resilience of the water resources system and identify the main influencing factors. This paper considered the factors of water resources, social economy, and ecological environment, then constructed an evaluation framework of the water resources system resilience (WRSR) from three aspects: resistance, restoration, and adaptability. Taking nine provinces along the YRB as a case study, the WRSR was measured by using the entropy weight TOPSIS model, and its driving factors were analyzed with Geographical Detectors (GD). The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the WRSR in the Yellow River Basin and various provinces was showing a fluctuating increasing trend, in which Ningxia had the highest average WRSR (0.646), while Shanxi had the lowest (0.168). (2) From three dimensions, the development trends of resistance, restoration, and adaptability in the YRB and various provinces from 2010 to 2022 were relatively stable. Shandong’s resistance level far exceeded that of other provinces, having the highest average resistance value (0.692), and Ningxia had the highest average value of restoration (0.827) and adaptability (0.711). However, Gansu had the lowest average value of resistance (0.119), Sichuan had the lowest average value of restoration (0.097), and Shandong had the lowest average value of adaptability (0.110). (3) In terms of impact factors, the development and utilization rate of water resources (C13) and the development and utilization rate of surface water resources (C14) in the restoration subsystem consistently ranked in the top two of influencing factors. Similarly, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP (C26) in the adaptability subsystem consistently ranked within the top ten. On the other hand, the natural population growth rate (C6) in the resistance subsystem, as well as the impact of ammonia nitrogen emissions (C9) and total precipitation (C2) in wastewater, exhibited an upward trend. Based on these, this paper provides relevant suggestions for improving the WRSR in the YRB.
Estimation of ET and Crop Water Productivity in a Semi-Arid Region Using a Large Aperture Scintillometer and Remote Sensing-Based SETMI Model
Authors: Singh Pragya , Sehgal Vinay , Dhakar Rajkumar , Neale Christopher , Goncalves Ivo , Rani Alka , Jha Prakash , Das Deb , Mukherjee Joydeep , Khanna Manoj , Dubey Swatantra
Published: January 2024

With the increasing water scarcity and the demand for sustainable agriculture, precise estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for effective irrigation management, crop yield assessment, and equitable water distribution, particularly in semi-arid regions. In this study, a large aperture scintillometer (LAS) was used to validate the remote sensing-based ET model SETMI (Spatial Evapotranspiration Modeling Interface) in an irrigated maize-wheat cropping system in a semi-arid region at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Results obtained by the SETMI model depicted modeled surface energy fluxes compared well with LAS field data, showing a very high R2 (0.83–0.95) and NRMSE (8–29%). The SETMI model performed better in the case of the maize crop than the wheat crop in field experiments. Further, the SETMI model was employed at the regional level using high-resolution Sentinel-2 to estimate the regional water productivity of wheat crops over a semi-arid region in India. The estimated regional, seasonal wheat actual ET mainly ranged between 101 mm and 325 mm. The regional wheat water productivity varied from 0.9 kg m−3 to 2.20 kg m−3. Our research reveals that the SETMI model can give reliable estimates of regional wheat water productivity by examining its spatial and temporal fluctuations and facilitating the creation of regional benchmark values.
Differential Impacts of Road De-icers on Freshwater Bacterial Communities
Authors: Martin Troy A. , Juurakko Collin L. , Harrison Tia , Arnott Shelley E. , Walker Virginia K.
Published: January 2024

Concern about salt levels in freshwater habitats receiving road de-icer runoff has inspired the development of “eco-friendly” formulations that are intended to be less toxic to aquatic organisms, but few experiments have determined that these products are environmentally benign. Mesocosms containing lake water were established for 6 weeks to compare traditional road salt with two newer de-icers, one an inorganic mixture of chloride salts and the second of beet extract and brine. Amplicon sequencing and algal blocking sequences facilitated the identification of differentially impacted bacterial taxa. Ironically, although there was only a minor effect on bacterial structure at high road-salt concentrations, there was an increased relative abundance of salt-resistant genera in the mixed-salt formulation. After amendment with the beet brine de-icer, there was a turnover of taxa coincident with a 68-fold decrease in dissolved oxygen, with decreased diversity and displacement by anaerobic genera indicating a shift across a threshold to a new, apparently stable state, suggesting mesocosm recovery was unlikely. Overall, although we applaud the sentiment behind the formulation of less-damaging “eco-friendly” de-icers, they appear to have more negative environmental impacts than the traditional road salt that they were made to replace.
A Methodology for the Prediction of Extreme Precipitation in Complex Terrains: A Case Study of Central Southwest China
Authors: Lei Shiyun , Yu Shujie , Sun Jilin , Wang Zhixuan , Liao Yanzhen
Published: January 2024

Against the backdrop of global warming, extreme precipitation events have become more frequent. In complex terrain regions, due to the vulnerability of their ecosystems, extreme precipitation events can lead to significant secondary disasters. Utilizing daily rainfall data from the National Meteorological Information Center of China and statistical analysis, this study explores the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme precipitation in the Central Southwest China (CSC) region. The temporal pattern of extreme precipitation in CSC shows a consistent trend, while the spatial distribution reveals an opposite phase between the northern and southern parts of CSC. Based on this, we propose a new method for constructing extreme precipitation prediction models for complex terrain regions based on physical mechanisms, and take CSC area as a study case. Instead of anonymous feature selection, this method improves the accuracy and stability of the model by studying the impact of sea–air interactions on extreme precipitation and then introducing it into deep learning. It was found that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the South Indian Ocean affects extreme precipitation in the CSC by influencing uplift, atmospheric instability, and moisture. The SST anomaly also affects the intensity of cross-equatorial airflow, which changes the trajectory of the Pacific–Japan teleconnection wave and impacts extreme precipitation. These findings provide a comprehensive and reliable approach for forecasting extreme precipitation in CSC and are further integrated into the extreme precipitation prediction models.
Failure Prediction of Open-Pit Mine Landslides Containing Complex Geological Structures Using the Inverse Velocity Method
Authors: Tao Yabin , Zhang Ruixin , Du Han
Published: January 2024

In the field of open-pit geological risk management, landslide failure time prediction is one of the important topics. Based on the analysis of displacement monitoring data, the inverse velocity method (INV) has become an effective method to solve this issue. To improve the reliability of landslide prediction, four filters were used to test the velocity time series, and the effect of landslide failure time prediction was compared and analyzed. The results show that the sliding process of landslide can be divided into three stages based on the INV: the initial attenuation stage (regressive stage), the second attenuation stage (progressive stage), and the linear reduction stage (autoregressive stage). The accuracy of the INV is closely related to the measured noise of the monitoring equipment and the natural noise of the environment, which will affect the identification of different deformation stages. Compared with the raw data and the exponential smoothing filter (ESF) models, the fitting effect of the short-term smoothing filter (SSF) and long-term smoothing filter (LSF) in the linear autoregressive stage is better. A stratified prediction method combining SSF and LSF is proposed. The prediction method is divided into two levels, and the application of this method is given.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indication to Geothermal Genesis of Low–Medium-Temperature Convection Geothermal Field in Yanshan Orogenic Basin, China
Authors: Yuan Wenzhen , Xing Yifei , Wei Meihua , Guo Xinran , Liu Jin , Gao Jun , Zhang Changsheng , Zhai Yuanzheng
Published: January 2024

The central part of the Zhangjiakou area is occupied by the Yanshan orogenic basin. A large number of piedmont faults developed over time, controlling the exposure of geothermal anomalies. The fluid chemistry characteristics and their influence on the heat generation mechanism of the medium- and low-temperature convective geothermal field in the area are not fully understood. In this study, the geothermal fluid was sampled and tested, and the hydrogeological background conditions were analyzed. The results show that the sulfate in geothermal fluid originates from the dissolution of gypsum or H2S oxidation in deep magma. The geothermal fluid in the faulted basin flows upward after deep circulation and interacts with shallow groundwater. The main source of geothermal fluid is atmospheric precipitation. The temperature of the hot reservoir is between 82 °C and 121 °C, and the depth of geothermal water circulation is more than 3200 m. It can be seen that the geothermal resources in this area are formed by the long-term contact of residual magma, geothermal heating and mechanical heating of neotectonic movement after atmospheric precipitation recharge.
Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Hydrometric Analysis for Assessing and Mitigating Building Vulnerability to Flash Flood Risks
Authors: Wahba Mohamed , El-Rawy Mustafa , Al-Arifi Nassir
Published: January 2024

Climate change represents an overwhelming challenge that demands urgent intervention for effective resolution. Among the devastating consequences of climate change, flash floods stand out as one of the most catastrophic repercussions. This research focuses on two primary objectives. Firstly, it aims to evaluate the existing state of flash flood intensity (FFI) in a specific area of Hamamatsu city, Japan, which frequently experiences flash flood incidents. Secondly, it seeks to develop a mitigation plan to alleviate the adverse impacts of flooding on buildings within the area. To accomplish these objectives, four parameters related to FFI (namely, runoff depth, runoff velocity, runoff duration, and affected portion) were selected and estimated through the implementation of hydrological and hydrodynamic models. Additionally, a hydrological model was employed, utilizing a storm event with a return period of 100 years as input. During this simulated storm event, FFI values were calculated and categorized into four distinct levels. The results revealed that more than one-tenth of the examined buildings encountered the highest scale of FFI (category 4), while categories 3 and 4 combined accounted for nearly three-quarters of all buildings in the study area. Moreover, two mitigation strategies were adopted to prevent flooding within the buildings’ vicinity. Finally, this study provides a valuable framework and guidance for decision-makers and insurance companies, enabling them to assess the flood hazard status of buildings and make informed decisions accordingly.
Toward Systematic Literature Reviews in Hydrological Sciences
Authors: De León Pérez David , Acosta Vega Rick , Salazar Galán Sergio , Aranda José Ángel , Francés García Félix
Published: January 2024

Systematic literature reviews can provide an objective global overview of background research on hydrological questions. This study presents a methodology to ensure rigor, traceability, and replicability in evaluating state-of-the-art hydrological topics. The proposed methodology involved systematic, objective, and explicit steps. Strategies with defined selection criteria were used to search the relevant literature comprehensively and accurately on hydrological uncertainty as a case study. The most pertinent documents were filtered to build a critical state-of-the-art synthesis for evaluating their quality and relevance. This methodology allows systematic literature analysis to provide an objective summary of the evidence, with a structured procedure for state-of-the-art reviews, which promotes transparency in the search, unlike typical review papers that lack reproducible methodologies that may lead to obtaining a potentially subjective reference selection. Consequently, the proposed methodology improves reference reliability and study reproducibility while generalizing the methodology. This procedure has proven effective and practical for building state-of-the-art research in the study case (State-of-the-art Uncertainty in Hydrological forecasting from 2017 to 2023) and can be considered a relevant tool in hydrology and other STEM disciplines, providing a rigorous and transparent approach that enhances evidence quality and reliability.
Prediction of Sunlight- and Salinity-Driven Inactivation Kinetics of Microbial Indicators with Validation in a 3D Water Quality Model
Authors: Poopipattana Chomphunut , Suzuki Motoaki , Kumar Manish , Furumai Hiroaki
Published: January 2024

We conducted laboratory experiments under varied solar radiation and salinity levels to investigate their influences on the natural attenuation of multiple promising microbial indicators including fecal bacteria and two types of bacteriophages. Inactivation coefficients were estimated and compared following first-order kinetics. Somatic coliphage was found to be the most resistant, while fecal bacteria exhibited higher susceptibility to both factors. The estimated inactivation coefficients of E. coli were applied to a 3D water quality model and validated with a daily basis monitoring dataset. The validation revealed high consistency among modelled and monitored concentrations, with a less than 1-log concentration difference. Further, the effect of actual solar radiation and salinity on E. coli inactivation after a rainfall event was calculated and compared. The results exhibited that solar radiation is a stronger influential factor. Simulation illustrated that lower-strength radiation exposure can limit E. coli inactivation, enabling them to survive up to one week after combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharge. The model revealed a promising capacity as a tool for the timely prediction of the CSO-induced severity of microbial contamination and associated risk, as well as associated natural attenuation; thus, this model can enhance the competency of public water managers for decision making.
Scour Pit Characteristics and Safety Operation Index of Riprap Spur Dikes under Runoff and Tidal Current
Authors: Wei Yuchong , Ma Aixing , Deng Ya , Hu Ying , Liu Manhong , Cao Minxiong
Published: January 2024

The flow dynamics adjacent to spur dikes exhibit turbulence and complexity, often resulting in the formation of scouring pits in the riverbed nearby. In regions downstream characterized by robust riverbed mobility, the vulnerability of riprap spur dikes stems from the instability of the upper riprap induced by these scour pits. Current research on scour pits primarily focuses on singular runoff conditions, with a limited exploration into the formation and traits of these scour pits under the combined influence of runoff and tidal currents. This study delves into the formation process and features of scour pits adjacent to submerged riprap spur dikes shielded by flexible mattresses, considering the impact of both runoff and tidal forces, using flume model tests in the tidal zone of the lower Yangtze River as a reference. Our findings reveal that the scour pits at the forefront and rear of riprap spur dikes undergo cyclic scouring and silting influenced by the runoff and tide current’s duration and intensity. The maximum scour depth observed ranges from 60% to 90% of that during runoff alone, contingent upon the ratio of maximum flow velocity at flood tide and ebb tide (denoted as e). This law can be quantitatively elucidated through the concept of the average effect of flow on the riverbed scouring and silting in a unit time (denoted as E). A formula to calculate the maximum scour depth of riprap spur dikes under both runoff and tidal current scenarios, along with a slope formula describing the maximum scour depth relative to the spur dike toe are proposed in this study. These formulations offer versatility across varying flow conditions. Subsequently, we establish an evaluation index pertinent to the safety operation of spur dikes based on the latter formula. This research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of scour pit dynamics adjacent to spur dikes, especially under combined runoff and tidal influences. The proposed formulae and evaluation index hold promise in enhancing the assessment and maintenance practices for these critical riverbank structures.
Analysis of Agricultural Drought Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors in Inner Mongolia Inland River Basin Based on Three-Dimensional Recognition
Authors: Zhang Zezhong , Guo Hengzhi , Feng Kai , Wang Fei , Zhang Weijie , Liu Jian
Published: January 2024

Agricultural drought events have become more frequent in the Inner Mongolia inland river basin in recent years, and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and development rules can be accurately and comprehensively understood using the three-dimensional identification method. In this paper, standardized soil moisture index (SSMI) was used to characterize agricultural drought, and modified Mann–Kendall trend test (MMK) and 3D recognition of drought events were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of agricultural drought events in this basin and reveal the drought development law. The relationships between drought and temperature (T), precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (E), and humidity (H) were analyzed using a cross-wavelet method. The results are as follows: (1) When the time scale of agricultural drought was short (monthly scale), the alternations of dry and wet were frequent, but the SSMI index of all scales showed a downward trend; (2) The spatial distribution characteristics of drought change trend in four seasons were similar, but the area with a significant downward trend of drought in spring was the largest, and the area of high frequency region was also the largest, and the drought trend was the most obvious; (3) The most serious agricultural drought event occurred from October 2000 to May 2002, and reached its maximum value in September 2001 (drought area and drought severity of 2.26 × 105 km2 and 3.61 × 105 months·km2, respectively), which mainly experienced five processes—drought onset–intensification–decay–re-intensification–termination—and the migration path of the drought center showed the characteristics of southwest–northeast transmission; (4) All the four meteorological factors were correlated with SSMI, and P had a greater impact on SSMI. This article aims to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of agricultural drought events in the Inner Mongolia inland river basin, and provide a new way to accurately evaluate the spatio-temporal evolution of drought.
An Empirical Relation for Estimating Sediment Particle Size in Meandering Gravel-Bed Rivers
Authors: Dehkordi Arman Nejat , Sharafati Ahmad , Mehraein Mojtaba , Hosseini Seyed Abbas
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to obtain a relation for estimating the median size of bed sediment, d50, at the bends of meandering rivers based on real data. To achieve such a purpose, field data, including topographic, sediment sampling, and flow measurements, were collected from various rivers in Iran at different times of the year. Then, the Buckingham Π-theorem was applied to identify the effective dimensionless numbers such as the Shields function, Reynolds particle number, Froude number, submerged specific gravity of sediment, and aspect and curvature ratios. A correlation analysis was conducted between such factors to eliminate those dependent on others. In the following, three regression techniques, containing the power function approach, the general additive model (GAM), and the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), were chosen to achieve the best relation. The obtained results indicated that the developed MARS model produced a better result than the others and was much more satisfactory, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96 and 0.95 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 140.64 and 140.47 for the training and testing phases, respectively. Furthermore, the MARS outputs were validated with an analytical method, which showed that MARS fitted with the field data much better. Consequently, the distinguished merit of this study is the development of a relation for determining d50 that shows which geometric and hydraulic parameters have the most effect on sediment size in the river bend.
Bacterial vaginosis and related sexually transmitted diseases as a risk factor for tubalperitoneal infertility (literature review)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Mari State University», Yoshkar-Ola, Danilova M. S. , Bontsevich R. A. ,   «Mari State University», Yoshkar-Ola, «Belgorod State National Research University», Belgorod; «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Moscow, Maksimov M. L. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan
Published: January 2024

The article presents a review of the literature on a pressing problem in clinical medicine — risk factors for tubo-peritoneal infertility. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the factors of increased risk of tubo-peritoneal infertility. Presumably, there are two mechanisms of tubo-peritoneal infertility associated with BV: firstly, the increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in the attack of seminal fluid, and secondly, the cleavage of cervical mucus by bacterial mucinases, which improves adhesion by pathogenic microorganisms, contributing to colonization with a further tendency to diseases of the upper reproductive tract, including infertility. Women who have BV are more likely to suffer from inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs caused by C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, which leads to tubo- peritoneal infertility. Therefore, timely detection and treatment of BV is crucial.
Adhesive interaction of orthodontic plate appliances with mixed oral microbiota
Authors: Sheregov A. Kh. , Kharaeva Z. F. , Mustafaev M. Sh. , Bozieva D. S. , Asanova L. R.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The presence of an orthodontic appliance within the oral cavity enhances the formation of supplementary retention sites for the adhesion of microorganisms. The porosity of acrylic base materials, coupled with their limited polishability, further predisposes the surface to contamination by a biofilm of microorganisms. Evaluating the capacity of materials to attract bacterial adherence to their surfaces represents a crucial phase in patient treatment.

Purpose. This study aims to perform a comprehensive clinical and laboratory investigation into the adhesive properties of orthodontic plate appliances crafted from various dental plastics concerning the mixed oral microbiota.

Materials and methods. In vitro research was conducted, focusing on both removable and non-removable orthodon tic plate appliances featuring a base composed of dental plastics (referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2). The study included 80 orthodontic patients, comprising 50 children aged 8 to 12 years with removable appliances and 30 children aged 8 to 10 years with non-removable plate appliances. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the material of their appliances: the first group, pertaining to those with removable appliances (Subgroup 1A – Sample 1, 25 individuals, and Subgroup 1B – Sample 2, 25 individuals); the second group, comprising individuals with nonremovable appliances (Subgroup 2A – Sample 1, 15 individuals, and Subgroup 2B – Sample 2, 15 individuals).

Results. In the in vitro investigations, it was observed that the average colonization of removable plates was 100 times lower (4.5 log CFU/ml) compared to non-removable plates (5.5 log CFU/ml; p < 0.05). The average colonization of plates composed of plastic (Sample 2) demonstrated a significant reduction, approximately 200 times (4.0 log CFU/ml), compared to plates made of plastic (Sample 1) (6.0 log CFU/ml; p < 0.05). Upon evaluating the overall colonization of the oral cavity, bacterial growth ranged between 106-7 CFU/ml in patients with appliances made of plastic Sample 1, whereas in patients with appliances made of plastic Sample 2, the range was limited to 103-4 CFU/ml (p < 0,05).

Conclusion. The statistical analysis reveals a significant disparity in the adhesive activity of microorganisms to orthodontic plate appliances constructed from materials of distinct production origins, with notably lower adherence observed on smoother surfaces (specifically those made of plastic Sample 2). This underscores the importance of meticulous consideration for the polishability properties inherent in the materials utilized in the manufacturing of orthodontic appliances.
DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN KERJA PADA PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODERATED REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Dunggio Maryam , Soraya Elly , Nurali Elma Fitria
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of work stress on turnover intention and analyze the role of the work environment in moderating the effect of work stress on turnover intention. The research was conducted on employees of PT. Emblem Asia with a sample of 73 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using a moderated regression analysis method with a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach. The results of this study prove that work stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. Meanwhile, the work environment can act as a quasi-moderator variable. The work environment can affect turnover intention but can also interact with work stress to strengthen/weaken the effect of work stress on turnover intention.
PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PUSKESMAS SUKAMANTRI KECAMATAN TANJUNGKERTA KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Yakin Ipa Hafsiah
Published: January 2024

Inti dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh komitmen organisasi dan motivasi kerja pegawai menjadi faktor pendorong dalam meningktkan kinerja pegawai di Puskesmas Sukamantri Kecamatan Tanjungkerja Kabupaten Sumedang. Perlunya komitmen organisasi yang secaara konsisten dilaksanakan dan motivasi kerja yang rendah sebagai dampak dari penerapan Badan Layanan Umum Daerah di Puskesmas Sukamantri berdampak terhadap tuntutan profesionalisme pegawai, kinerja pegawai yang masih rendah, tidak adanya pelayanan gratis di Puskesmas berdampak terhadap kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang belum optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturh komitmen organisasi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai di Puskesmas Sukamantri Kecamatan Tanjungkerta Kabupaten Sumedang baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian survei dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 responden yaitu pegawa di Puskesmas Sukamantri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besarnya pengaruh komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai secara langsung yaitu sebesar 0,809 atau 80,9% sedangkan secara tidak langsung yaitu sebesar 0,857 atau 85,6%. Besarnya pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai sebesar 0,165 atau 16,5% dan pengaruh tidak langsung sebesar 0,541 atau sebesar 54,1%. Komitmen organisasi dan motivasi kerja pegawai secara simultan terhadap kinerja pegawai yaitu sebesar 0,871 atau 87,1%. saran dari penelitian ini yaitu komitmen organsiasi agar di dorong melalui penambahan anggaran kegiatan, dan motivasi kerja pegawai di dorong melalui penambahan insentif bagi para pegawai di Puskesmas Sukamantri Kecamatan Tanjungkerja Kabupaten Sumedang.