bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conveyor belt damage detection based on machine learning
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Li Yongchao , Gao Bo , Bai Yichao , Wang Miao , Wang Hang , Zhou Lidong
Published: February 2025

In view of the damage problems of the conveyor belt, which is prone to scratches, tears, and ruptures during long-term operation, machine vision technology can be used for efficient detection, and t-SNE dimension reduction processing is introduced into the visual extraction feature network to solve the clutter of visual feature data, so as to facilitate the efficient use of data. According to the damage condition of conveyor belt, an improved Faster R-CNN method for surface damage detection of conveyor belt is proposed. Based on the Faster R-CNN neural network, the detection method preferred MobileNet network for image lightweight feature extraction, and then introduced the background classification of the fusion of anchor original features and convolution into the RPN module to enhance the damage feature information of the conveyor belt. Finally, data sets of conveyor belt surface damage were constructed for data test, and VGG-19 and ResNet-18 backbone networks were used for test comparison, respectively. The results showed that the improved Faster R-CNN algorithm could effectively identify the damage states of conveyor belt scratches, tears and ruptures.
Research on digital system for identifying on-site operations of power infrastructure based on time-stamped measurements (TSM)
Authors: Li Rui , Wang JiaKe , Zhang Cheng , Tang Xiaoxian , Lun Cuiwei
Published: February 2025

The effective tracking and management of on-site operations in power infrastructure (PI) is critical for assuring operational reliability and avoiding service interruptions. Traditional monitoring systems are frequently constrained by human error, slow response times, and the inability to give real-time data on system conditions. This research uses a digital system to identify on-site operations of PI, utilizing Time-Stamped Measurements (TSM) to provide real-time monitoring and problem identification. The suggested system architecture is made up of both software and hardware parts that work together to collect, process, and evaluate data concurrently for fault detection and condition estimate in PI. Various types of sensors are installed throughout the power grid to collect data on operating characteristics such as current, temperature, voltage, and performance metrics. The collection of TSM is an important step in the proposed system since it provides precise, time-based data required for reliable problem identification and operational analysis. The sensors communicate TSM to IoT devices or gateways and employ communication protocols such as Wi-Fi to deliver the data to the main server or cloud server. Before the analysis, the raw data is pre-processed, utilizing data normalization and feature extraction using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Intelligent Genetic Energy Valley Optimizer (IntGen-EVO) is used to detect defects in real time using time-stamped data. The framework demonstrates superior accuracy (98.7%), precision (98.3%), recall (98%), and F1-score (98.4%) compared to traditional methods, significantly enhancing fault detection in the PI system. The findings demonstrate the method provides accurate concurrent insights into the infrastructure’s operational state, allowing for preventive maintenance and rapid identification of problems. Therefore, the digital system described in this research provides an effective solution for increasing operational effectiveness and reliability in PI management.
Testing colour-difference formulas from LMS colour spaces inspired in CIELAB
Authors: Wang L , Li C , Melgosa M , Xiao K , Gao C
Published: February 2025

The CIELAB was recommended in 1976 as an approximately uniform colour space and colour-difference formula ([Formula: see text]) based on CIE XYZ tristimulus values. In this paper, first CIELAB is improved by keeping its structure and optimizing its four parameters in XYZ, LMS and XF YF ZF spaces, resulting in modifications named MLAB( XYZ), MLAB( LMS) and MLAB( XF YF ZF), respectively. Then, CIELAB and these three modifications are evaluated in XYZ, LMS and XF YF ZF colour spaces, respectively. From the combined and corrected (COM-corrected) visual dataset employed after the development of CIEDE2000 ( Journal of the Optical Society of America A 25, 1828–1834, 2008), using the standardized residual sum of squares (CIE 217:2016), we found that CIELAB and its modifications perform similarly in XYZ and XF YF ZF spaces and perform worse in LMS colour space. It was also found that the three modifications to CIELAB performed significantly better than the original CIELAB in predicting the COM-corrected dataset, but significantly worse than the CIEDE2000 colour-difference formula (ISO/CIE 11664-6:2022), CAM16-UCS ( Color Research and Application 42, 703–718, 2017) and simple uniform colour space ( Optics Express 32, 3100–3122, 2024) spaces. The MLAB( XF YF ZF) space can therefore be tested as an approximately uniform colour space and colour-difference formula, following research proposed by CIE Technical Committee 1-98 (CIE 254:2024).
The Impact of Positive Childhood Experiences: A Systematic Review Focused on Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sousa Marta , Machado Ana Beatriz , Pinheiro Marina , Pereira Bárbara , Caridade Sónia , Almeida Telma Catarina , Cruz Ana Rita , Cunha Olga
Published: February 2025

Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages of life, characterized by significant changes that profoundly influence overall development. While positive childhood experiences (PCEs) can help mitigate the effects of adverse events during these formative years, they have not been as thoroughly researched. Then, this systematic review aims to address this gap by organizing the existing literature on PCEs and examining their impact on both positive and negative outcomes in children and adolescents. A search through databases such as B-On, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Scielo, as well as supplementary searches, identified 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that most studies were published in the last 4 years, primarily in the USA, and focused on community populations with mixed samples. In addition, the results reveal that among children and adolescents, higher levels of PCEs were associated with better mental health outcomes (e.g., reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-harm, substance use, and suicidal ideation), improved psychosocial outcomes (e.g., enhanced adult functioning and future orientation), better academic achievement (e.g., reduced absenteeism and fewer academic difficulties), and some improvements in physical health (e.g., reduced chronic pain). However, the relationship between PCEs and behavioral outcomes showed mixed results. Strengthening efforts to promote PCEs and resources that support child and adolescent resilience is crucial. Further research involving diverse samples is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the role of PCEs.
Cross-Cutting Identities in American Politics: Gender, Party, and Attitudes on Gun Reform
Authors: Hansen Michael A. , Dolan Kathleen
Published: February 2025

For decades, a focus on the gender gap in political attitudes has been a traditional way of understanding public opinion in the United States. However, as American political life becomes more polarized and partisans more divided, this frame fails to consider whether the increased importance of partisanship might work to disrupt expected patterns of gender difference. Examining an issue of significant prominence and salience in American political life – guns and gun policy – we move beyond a simple gender gap frame to examine gender gaps within each of the parties and the partisan differences among women and among men on these important issues. Drawing on data from the 2022 Cooperative Election Study, we consider whether gender and partisanship work together to shape attitudes toward guns and gun policies. We find that gender and party both work to shape attitudes on guns, but some respondents, Republican women and Democratic men, experience cross-pressures from their gender and party identities. This results in important complexity among gender and party groups, which we miss when we fail to account for the impact of multiple identities on the preferences of individuals.
Collaborative, Trauma-Focused Occupational Therapy and Psychotherapy for Work-Related PTSD: Two Case Studies
Authors: Mackoff Jodie , Lennox Kimberley , Torchalla Iris
Published: February 2025

Emergency and critical care personnel face a heightened risk of occupational trauma exposure. Practitioners lack clear guidance on how to support individuals who are off work with work-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly those receiving treatment in the context of a claim with a workers’ compensation board. While trauma-focused psychotherapies are recommended as first-line interventions for PTSD, there is an ongoing discourse about how to address the increased functional impairments of individuals who are off work, and how to best support individuals struggling with in-vivo exposures and return to work. This article utilizes case studies involving an intensive care unit nurse and an emergency dispatcher, to demonstrate how occupational therapists can collaborate with psychotherapists to address functional impairment following workplace trauma to support clients in their mental health recovery and return to the workplace. Beyond the traditional focus on non-trauma-related treatment domains, occupational therapists are uniquely positioned to address trauma-focused aspects of therapy. Strengthening the partnership between occupational therapists and psychotherapists has the potential to improve treatment outcomes, promote work reintegration, and provide comprehensive and holistic care that addresses the clients’ full spectrum of needs.
Driving Into the Unknown: ASM Reductions After Intracranial EEG
Authors: Lapalme-Remis Samuel
Published: February 2025

[Box: see text]
Comparative Review of Seizure and Cognitive Outcomes in Resective, Ablative, and Neuromodulatory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Wu Chengyuan , Busch Robyn M , Drane Daniel L , Dugan Patricia , Serletis Demitre , Youngerman Brett , Jehi Lara
Published: February 2025

Resective surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy remains underutilized in the United States. While anteromesial temporal lobectomy consistently achieves the highest rates of long-term seizure freedom, it comes with greater risks for memory and language decline. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy and neuromodulation have gained popularity due to perceived lower surgical risk and faster recovery, although they yield lower rates of sustained seizure freedom. Neuromodulation with vagus nerve, deep brain, or responsive neurostimulation provides an option for patients ineligible for resection or ablation, but overall seizure outcomes remain modest. Balancing improved seizure control with open resection against the potential cognitive advantages of less invasive treatments is complex, requiring careful patient selection. Future research must refine these approaches to optimize results. Thoughtful, individualized decision-making, guided by each patient's clinical scenario and goals, is paramount for achieving the best balance between seizure freedom, cognitive preservation, and overall patient outcome.
Detectability in Scalp EEGs of Epileptic Spikes Emitted from Brain Electrical Sources of Different Sizes and Locations: A Simulation Study Using Realistic Head Models of Elderly Adults
Authors: Takenaka Makoto , Pflieger Mark E. , Hori Tomokatsu , Iwama Yudai , Matsumoto Jumpei , Setogawa Tsuyoshi , Shirasawa Atsushi , Nishimaru Hiroshi , Nishijo Hisao
Published: February 2025

Background. Epilepsy is prevalent in the elderly, whose brain morphologies and skull electrical characteristics differ from those of younger adults. Here, using a multivariate definition of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we explored the detectability of epileptic spikes in scalp EEG measurements in elderly by forward simulations of hypersynchronous spikes generated at 78 cortical regions of interest (ROIs) in the presence of background noise. Methods. Simulated electric potentials were measured at 18, 35, and 70 standard 10–20 electrode positions using three reference methods: infinity reference (INF), common average reference (CAR), and average mastoid reference (M1M2). MRIs of six elderly subjects were used to construct finite element method (FEM) models with age-adjusted skull conductivities. Results. SNRs of epileptic spikes increased with increasing sizes of the brain electrical source areas, although medial and deep brain regions such as the hippocampus showed lower SNRs, consistent with clinical findings. The SNRs were greater in the 70-channel dataset than in the 18-channel and 35-channel datasets, especially for ROIs located closer to the head surface. In addition, the SNRs were lower for the CAR and M1M2 references than for the ideal INF reference. Moreover, we found comparable results in the standard FEM heads with age-adjusted skull conductivities. Conclusions. The results provide insights for evaluating scalp EEG data in elderly patients with suspected epilepsy, and suggest that age-adjusted skull conductivity is an important factor for forward models in elderly adults, and that the standard FEM head with age-adjusted skull conductivity can be used when MRIs are not available.
What’s My Role? Principals, Discipline, and Special Education
Authors: Mathieu-Sher Reva , Coviello James
Published: February 2025

A small rural district in the eastern United States is experiencing challenges related to meeting the diverse behavioral needs of its special education students. After out-of-district placement options were limited due to the aftereffects of COVID-19, school leaders worked together to create a specialized program within their own district to meet the needs of some of their students requiring out-of-district placements. Although the local principal has a great deal of overall leadership experience, he finds himself ill-prepared to address situations involving discipline for students receiving special education services. The following case presents a principal thrust into a complex and unexpected situation that requires careful consideration of special education law, faculty support, and the rights of students with disabilities in the area of school discipline.
Balloon occlusion testing for non-sinus-stenosis venous pulsatile tinnitus: A technical case series
Authors: Brake Aaron Daniel , Lingam Sivani , Galate Vince , Turner Robert , Abraham Michael G
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) affects ∼ 10% of the population and can be debilitating. Venous etiologies of PT are increasingly recognized. Identifying the symptomatic vessel, particularly with multiple venous anomalies, remains challenging.

Methods

In this case series, we utilized venous balloon occlusion testing (vBOT) as a real-time diagnostic tool to identify symptomatic vessels in non-sinus stenosis venous PT. vBOT involved using a transform balloon (7 mm × 7 mm) under fluoroscopic guidance to occlude the venous anomaly, with immediate assessment of symptom resolution.

Results

We report four cases involving high-riding jugular bulbs, jugular bulb diverticula, and enlarged emissary veins. vBOT successfully identified the culprit vessels, guiding targeted endovascular coil embolization. These procedures led to significant symptom resolution in all cases, though the varied patient responses underscored the importance of a tailored, iterative approach, particularly in those with bilateral symptoms or multiple venous variants.

Conclusion

This series illustrates the utility of vBOT in accurately identifying symptomatic vessels in non-sinus stenosis venous PT, enabling effective, targeted interventions. While vBOT is a valuable diagnostic tool, its limitations, including potential false negatives due to PT variability or ambient noise, must be considered. Incorporating vBOT into the diagnostic framework for PT can enhance precision in vessel selection and improve patient outcomes, particularly in cases with uncommon venous etiologies.
Effects of physical rehabilitation interventions on exercise performance, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life in acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Neto Mansueto Gomes , Suzart Coutinho de Araujo William , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Saquetto Micheli Bernardone , Martinez Bruno Prata , Gomes Vinicius Afonso , Brites Carlos , Carvalho Vitor Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Objective

To analyze the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of physical rehabilitation interventions provided directly (face to face) and by telerehabilitation on exercise performance, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients.

Methods

For this systematic review and meta-analysis, different electronic databases were searched up to January 2023. Mean difference (MD), (standardized mean difference (SMD) were calculated.

Results

34 studies (2214 patients) met the study criteria. Physical interventions may improve aerobic capacity in acute COVID-19 (SMD 1.7; 95% CI 0.37, 2.8) and in post-acute COVID-19 participants (MD 0.4; 95% CI 0.1, 07) compared to usual care for acute and pos-acute COVID-19 patients, respectively. Physical interventions may also improve dyspnea in acute (SMD −1.4; 95% CI −0.8, −0.01) and in post-acute COVID-19 participants (MD −0.4; 95% CI −0.7, −0.2) compared to usual care. Physical interventions may result in an improvement in HRQoL (physical domain) (SMD 0.6; 95% CI 0.3) in post-acute COVID-19 participants compared to usual care in pos-acute COVID-19 patients.

Discussion

The results support that physical rehabilitation interventions improve aerobic capacity and dyspnea in acute and post-COVID-19 patients. Moreover, physical interventions improve physical domain in HRQoL
Mocap-based aiming point trajectory assessment in shooting and the effect of marker dimensions
Authors: Yılmaz Vedat , Amca Arif Mithat
Published: February 2025

The aiming point is the most crucial criterion for a successful shot in all shooting events. This study investigated the motion-capture (Mocap) based aiming point assessment method in three steps: the static fluctuations of the markers in four dimensions were observed; the aiming point results of the Mocap-based method were compared with laser trace on the target in static and dynamic conditions; the effects of marker dimensions on the aiming point trajectories were examined. A wooden lath, with two sets of reflective markers in four dimensions (12-18 mm) and a laser, was fixed on a tripod and aimed at the center of the target. The lath was left stationary and then moved twenty times as in shooting. While a camera followed the laser trace on the target, the Mocap system followed the markers, and aiming point data were calculated. Compared to larger markers, significantly smaller errors in static marker fluctuations were found for the 12 mm marker (p < 0.008). Aiming point trajectory length in static conditions showed significant differences between marker pairs and laser. No significant differences between the laser and the marker pairs of 12, 14, and 16 mm were noticed in dynamic conditions. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 12 mm marker pair had the smallest bias and a strong agreement with the laser-based method.
Comparing infection rates with wire, plate and intramedullary nail fixation of open metacarpal and phalangeal fractures
Authors: Zhang Casey , Reddy Pooja D. , Teunis Teun
Published: February 2025

This retrospective study compares infection-related outcomes between wire, plate and intramedullary nail fixation of open, metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, there was no difference in infection rate and reoperation rate for infection.
Impact of systemic anticancer therapy timing on cancer vaccine immunogenicity: a review
Authors: Gomez-Randulfe Igor , Lavender Helen , Symeonides Stefan , Blackhall Fiona
Published: February 2025

Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to generate a robust immune response against tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) or tumour-specific antigens. While their safety is well established, their efficacy as monotherapy remains limited due to factors such as self-tolerance to TAAs and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Combining cancer vaccines with systemic anticancer therapies (SACTs) offers a promising strategy to improve efficacy. However, the optimal timing and combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy to enhance immunogenicity are not yet fully understood. This review aims to assess the evidence regarding the immunogenicity of antiviral and anticancer vaccines when combined with SACTs, including chemotherapy and ICIs, with a particular focus on the timing of vaccine administration relative to SACT. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of steroids on immunogenicity. Our findings suggest that the timing of vaccine administration is critical, with improved immunogenic responses observed when vaccines are administered at nadir (15 days post-chemotherapy). Certain chemotherapies, such as low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel, demonstrate potential for immunomodulation, enhancing T-cell responses when combined with vaccines. Conversely, steroids may reduce immunogenicity. The combination of ICIs with cancer vaccines shows evidence of a synergistic effect, with concurrent administration generally yielding better outcomes than sequential approaches. Prospective trials exploring various timings and sequences are essential to optimize the efficacy of anticancer vaccines.
Long short-term memory-based intrusion detection system using hybrid grid search and sequential chimp optimization algorithm-based hyperparameter tuning
Authors: Almazmomi Najah Kalifah
Published: February 2025

The current state of affairs in the cybersecurity situation depicts that there is a constant and rapid growth in the complexity and intensity of cyber threats, which calls for the need to design highly effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). New trends in machine learning and optimization algorithms have been identified to improve IDS performance. However, the models of IDS that have been developed in the past do not perform well in the cases of imbalanced data, feature selection, and optimization. In this paper, we present an enhanced IDS utilizing the UNSW-NB15 dataset. To address specific challenges associated with Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), we employ Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) as a key strategy. The suggested model, called HGS-SChOA-Bi-LSTM, combines the Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) for threat categorization with the Hybrid Grid Search Algorithm and Sequential Chimp Optimization technique (HGS-SChOA) as the optimization technique. Various metrics are used to assess the model's execution, comprising the confusion matrix, F1 score, precision, accuracy, and recall. The results show how well our approach performs in comparison to current models. The suggested HGS-SChOA-Bi-LSTM model performs very well in intrusion detection, with 98.78% accuracy, 98.41% recall, 98.40% precision, and a 99.10% F1-score. The total training and prediction time is 89s, somewhat longer than for the other models; nevertheless, the increase in accuracy and performance rates justifies the length of time. The claim that the suggested model strikes a solid mix between recall and accuracy for cybersecurity applications is further supported by the high F1-score.
Privacy and preserving data processing and dissemination framework for internet of vehicle
Authors: Almansour Shahad
Published: February 2025

In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), ubiquitous connectivity and automation are essential components of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The real-time information provided by a data-driven ITS is based on extensive vehicular data. Cyberattacks and privacy breaches are inherent risks of the IoV, raising significant concerns about data security. As a solution, we propose a privacy-preserving and data dissemination model for managing vast amounts of data generated within the IoV. The model adapts to user-specific needs and is influenced by interactions with neighbours and service providers. ITS applications are studied to mitigate potential privacy risks by analyzing their requirements. A data-balancing approach is used to prevent privacy leaks among vehicular services by using data from different time intervals to validate operational parameters. Individual privacy is protected, and IoV infrastructure security and reliability are strengthened, both of which benefit neighbouring vehicles and the broader transportation network.

“Integrating blockchain and deep learning provides a powerful approach to intrusion detection in Industrial IoT (IIoT) environments, combining blockchain's security and transparency with deep learning's precision in detecting threats while minimizing false positives. In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), core elements of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) rely on extensive vehicular data for real-time operations but face significant risks from cyberattacks and privacy breaches. To address these challenges, we propose a privacy-preserving data dissemination model tailored to user needs and influenced by interactions with neighbors and service providers. A data-balancing approach prevents privacy leaks by validating operational parameters using data from varying intervals. This model strengthens IoV security, safeguards individual privacy, and enhances the reliability of the transportation network.”
Asymptomatic Preaxial Polydactyly of Bifid Hallux Without a Supernumerary Digit Presenting With Earlobe Malformations: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Perkins Chanel Houston
Published: February 2025

Syndactyly-polydactyly-ear lobe (SPEL) syndrome is a rare, genetic, congenital limb malformation syndrome that can be characterized by 6 different human phenotypes. We report a rare case of SPEL syndrome in a young woman with right earlobe malformations and asymptomatic preaxial polydactyly with partial duplication of the right hallucal distal phalanx without a supernumerary toe. Unique aspects of our patient’s clinical presentation include lack of a supernumerary digit with a bifurcated distal phalanx, associated earlobe malformations, adult age, and no reported familial history of SPEL syndrome. Syndactyly-polydactyly-ear lobe syndrome has not been reported in the literature since 1976, making the present case particularly noteworthy.

Level of Evidence: Level 5, Case Report
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with silk vista baby flow diverter: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hajikarimloo Bardia , Mohammadzadeh Ibrahim , Tos Salem M. , Hashemi Rana , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Hasanzade Arman , Bana Sara , Hooshmand Mahdi , Ghorbanpouryami Fatemeh , Najari Dorsa , Hezaveh Ehsan Bahrami
Published: February 2025

Background

The Silk Vista Baby (SVB) flow diverter (FD) is a stent designed for small vessels ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 mm. It is the only FD deliverable through a 0.017-inch microcatheter. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the SVB utilization in intracranial aneurysms (IAs).

Methods

Four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched from inception to November 5th, 2024.

Results

Ten studies with 359 patients with 373 IAs were included. Our results revealed a pooled complete occlusion rate of 65% (95%CI: 43%–83%), a favorable outcome rate of 94% (95%CI: 83%–100%), and a morbidity rate of 4% (95%CI: 0%–11%). Our meta-analysis revealed a pooled in-stent thrombosis rate of 2% (95%CI: 1%–5%), side branch occlusion rate of 2% (95%CI: 0%–3%), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rate of 2% (95%CI: 1%–4%), and device shortening rate of 4% (95%CI: 3%–6%). The subgroup analysis showed that the complete occlusion rate (≤6: 84% [95%CI: 49%–100%] vs >6: 58% [95%CI: 41%–73%], p < .001) was higher in studies with 6-month or lower follow-up duration, and the favorable outcome rate was higher in those with greater than 6-month duration (≤6: 84% [95%CI: 73%–93%] vs >6: 97% [95%CI: 82%–100%], p < .001).

Conclusion

SVB is an efficient and safe therapeutic option for managing IAs. We demonstrated that it is associated with promising clinical and radiological outcomes and low rates of complications.
Evaluating YouTube as a source of information on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Untalan Liamuel Giancarlo V , Malanog John Paulo D , Jamora Roland Dominic G
Published: February 2025

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive motor weakness and eventual death. Recent years have seen an increase in online information on ALS, with the popular video platform YouTube becoming a prominent source. We aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, actionability, and understandability of ALS videos on YouTube.

Methods

A search was performed using the keyword “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” on YouTube. A total of 240 videos were viewed and assessed by two independent raters. Video characteristics such as type of uploader, views, likes, comments, and Video Power Index were also collected.

Results

Videos had moderate to low quality and reliability (Global Quality Scale [GQS] and modified DISCERN [mDISCERN] median 2.5), and poor understandability and actionability (PEMAT total median 8.5). Among the general video characteristics, only length of video showed a significant positive correlation across the tools (with mDISCERN [ p < 0.001]; with GQS [ p < 0.001]; with PEMAT [ p < 0.001]). Videos from physicians ( p = 0.024, sig <0.05), other healthcare professionals ( p = 0.017, sig <0.05), and educational channels ( p = 0.001, sig <0.05) had better quality when compared to others.

Conclusion

YouTube videos are a poor source of information for ALS as videos tend to have moderate to low quality and reliability and are poorly understandable and actionable. Longer videos, and videos uploaded by those in the healthcare and educational fields, were found to perform relatively better. Thus, when using YouTube, caution and careful attention to the video characteristics are recommended.
Right Atrial Rhabdomyosarcoma; 35-Year Disease-Free Survival Following Radical Resection With Right Internal Thoracic Artery Bypass
Authors: Hughes Aeleia F. , Yedlicka Genevieve , Lantz Gurion , Caldwell Randall , Brown John W.
Published: February 2025

Cardiac rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are rare malignant tumors of the heart with a poor prognosis, even when appropriate treatment regimens are initiated. We present the case of a 12-year-old male who underwent radical resection of a right atrial mass, which was confirmed to be a primary cardiac RMS. He has received regular follow-up for the last 35 years, representing what is to our knowledge the longest reported disease-free survival in a patient with a primary cardiac RMS.
The Association Between Adjacent Forces and the Development of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis: A Musculoskeletal Analysis
Authors: Alavi Fatemeh , Nielsen Christopher J. , Lewis Stephen , Rampersaud Raja , Cheung Angela M.
Published: February 2025

Study Design

Biomechanical modeling study.

Objectives

Despite several recognized risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), its causative mechanism remains unknown. There are limited biomechanical studies to elucidate the association of sagittal alignment with PJK. Our aim is to determine the association of adjacent forces with PJK development.

Methods

ASD patients operated on with posterior fusion from T9-T11 to the pelvis and had 2 year follow-up were included in this retrospective study. Patient-specific musculoskeletal models were created from EOS images. High vs low normalized vertebral forces were defined based on a threshold of 0.2 for shear and 0.5 for compression. The load ratio was defined as the ratio of immediate postoperative to preoperative vertebral forces.

Results

A total of 35 patients (19 PJK, 16 Non-PJK) were included. PJK patients had statistically significant global malalignment with respect to global tilt (GT), T1 pelvic angle (TPA) and C2-UIV+1PA. A high-risk zone for the development of PJK is defined as high normalized shear and/or compression with a high load ratio. While none of the non-PJK patients were in the high-risk zone, 5 PJK patients were not in that zone, suggesting factors other than alignment may have contributed to this adverse event. Despite low shear for 3 of these non-PJK patients, they experienced high shear ratio.

Conclusions

The proposed thresholds were accurate in 86% of patients who developed PJK. These findings suggest postoperative shear at UIV+1 as an important risk factor for PJK. Keeping shear force low in alignment will help surgeons reduce PJK development.
Genealogy of Legal Research Methodology
Authors: Poddar Debasis
Published: February 2025

Teaching methods in research methods remain the least-explored territory in the pedagogy of social studies discipline, more so in the course of professional legal education, while the same deserves attention in legal academics for a long back. In the curricula of new-generation higher education institutions in general, of premier national law universities in particular, the concerned course is named ‘legal method’ in the undergraduate programme and ‘research methodology’ in postgraduate programmes, including research programmes. The forthcoming effort concerns the latter, meant for the so-called postgraduate programme, something more often than not named by higher education institutions in India as ‘research methodology’. With discursive reasoning of his own, the author resorts to the following nomenclature, ‘Legal research methods’, and names his piece accordingly. The author explores all the major means and methods of legal research jointly and severally, thereby getting them clarified and classified in their nitty-gritty. Last yet not least, the author demonstrates technical differences between research methods and research methodology, thereby pleading for the justified usage of technical terms towards better precision, whenever and wherever they suit to technical sense of the terms. Besides, the author underscores the technical distinction between the pedagogy of legal methods for undergraduates in professional legal education and that of research methods for postgraduates in academic legal education, respectively.

The intensity of research demanded by the highly specialised nature of legal studies today can only be achieved by a close regard to the detailed methodologies that have been worked out in the field of legal research.—C. G. Weeramantry. 2
A comparison of comparisons: Evidence from an international comparative study of ‘smart cities’
Authors: Ward Kevin , Abbruzzese Teresa , Bunnell Tim , Cardullo Paolo , Chang I-Chun Catherine , Miller Byron , Ribera-Fumaz Ramon , Shin HaeRan , Spicer Zachary , Woods Orlando
Published: February 2025

Every year the list lengthens of cities with some sort of ‘smart city’ public policy. In some, it emerges as the latest in a long line of urban digital and information communication policies. In others, the introduction of the notion of the ‘smart city’ marks a departure from past approaches to public policy. Additionally, the more studies emerge of actual smart city policies, then the less definitional agreement there seems to be. Nevertheless, that we have witnessed in the last two decades the ‘repeated instance’ of smart cities emerging in cities around the world seems incontrovertible. Like so much urban public policy in the current era, how a city arrives at, and makes up, its own version of the ‘smart policy’ often involves comparison and referencing. This is the work of actually existing urban comparisons, those comparisons performed by urban policy makers. This paper draws upon an international comparative research project involving the cases of Barcelona, Calgary, Singapore, Seoul, Taipei, and Toronto. It argues that it is hard to over-estimate the place of cities in the world and the world in cities when understood through the lens of smart city public policymaking. In the cases of the six cities, comparison and referencing of other smart city policies constituted a mode of governance and shaped each city’s policies, as informational infrastructures promoted inter-urban comparisons. This demands we attend to both the routes (their journeys)-and the the roots (their origins) dialectically present in any particular city’s smart city public policy.
Diving or thriving? How COVID-19 reshaped Australian short-term rental submarkets
Authors: Zou Zhenpeng , Sigler Thomas , Charles-Edwards Elin , Corcoran Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Short-term rental markets are constantly evolving in response to dynamic market conditions. Leveraging the large-scale external market shocks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper aims to better understand how short-term rental submarkets are formulated in response to changing market conditions. Using sequence analysis on monthly booking records between mid-2019 and the end of 2022 in Australia, this paper identifies six distinct short-term rental types underlying their varying longevities on the market. Temporal, geographic, operational and hedonic characteristics are considered to differentiate thriving from diving market trends and derive a taxonomy that narrates six submarkets. The results reveal a shifting STR market landscape from central cities and longstanding tourist destinations to peri-urban regional towns and a shift from properties run by small-scale amateur hosts toward professionally operated rentals with substantially more space and amenities. This suggests that short-term rentals have emerged as a distinct accommodation class to hotels, albeit in ways that differ based on spatial context.
Biosimilar Ranibizumab (Ranieyes) Safety and Efficacy in the Real World: BRESER Study
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Holz Frank G. , Kumar Nilesh , Sarraf David , Ayachit Seemantini , Mishra Chitaranjan , Tufail Adnan , Chakraborty Debdulal , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Eichenbaum David , Banker Alay , Parachuri Nikulaa , Kumar Ashish , Loewenstein Anat , Bandello Francesco , Wakabayashi Taku , Woo Se Joon , Kuppermann Baruch D.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the early real-world clinical outcomes regarding the safety and efficacy after administration of a ranibizumab biosimilar (Ranieyes). Methods: This multicenter retrospective uncontrolled observational study incorporated data from 7 centers in India. All patients were treated with at least 1 intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg of ranibizumab biosimilar between July 2022 and July 2023 for various indications. Results: A total of 474 ranibizumab biosimilar injections were given in 268 eyes of 254 patients. Indications were diabetic macular edema (DME) (n = 112), macular neovascularization (MNV) (n = 92), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (n = 54), cystoid macular edema (n = 4), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage (n = 6). The mean logMAR BCVA (±SD) improved significantly from baseline to the last follow-up as follows: DME cases, from 0.77 ± 0.37 (Snellen equivalent, 6/36) to 0.43 ± 0.25 (6/15) ( z = −8.0; r = −0.8); MNV cases, from 0.95 ± 0.53 (6/60) to 0.59 ± 0.42 (6/24) ( z = −7.1; r = −0.8); RVO cases, from 0.83 ± 0.40 (6/45) to 0.44 ± 0.32 (6/15) ( z = −5.5; r = −0.8) (all P < .001). All groups also had significant improvement in the central subfield thickness (all P < .001). No site reported drug-related adverse events (eg, inflammation, vasculitis, systemic adverse effects). Conclusions: The preliminary real-world data from this limited early series suggest that Ranieyes has clinical efficacy and is safe as a ranibizumab biosimilar across the approved indications.
In and out of place: Diverse experiences and perceived exclusion in UK greenspace settings
Authors: Palmer Andrew K , Riley Mark , Clement Sarah , Evans Karl L , Jones Laurence , Brockett Beth FT , Opara Victoria
Published: February 2025

People from all sections of society should feel welcome and included to enjoy greenspaces. However, people from ethnic minority backgrounds may experience exclusionary practices and discriminatory processes, limiting their access, enjoyment, and benefits from such spaces. This paper aims to address these issues through an in-depth qualitative study exploring how 53 individuals from UK ethnic minority backgrounds residing in Bristol perceive and experience exclusion in UK greenspaces. Going beyond narratives that pathologise the exclusion of ethnic minorities from greenspaces, this research reveals a spectrum of experiences related to perceived exclusion, including both positive and negative, and challenges and expressions of empowerment and agency. Common experiences of exclusion are often intangible, necessitating sensitivity to their elusive and relational nature, with variation between urban and rural contexts. Drawing on Bourdieusian theories of practice, this study illuminates how social and cultural capital, habitus, and symbolic violence shape exclusionary practices and discriminatory processes, contributing to feelings of otherness, discomfort among UK ethnic minority group members in greenspaces. By highlighting the diverse nature of these processes and their variations across social and geographic contexts, this study emphasises the need for tailored, coproduced interventions to enhance greenspace accessibility and engagement. It advocates for recognising diverse experiences, integrating critical thought into environmental planning, and leveraging social and cultural capital to promote inclusivity and address systemic inequalities.
For a Decolonial Approach to Game Design Methods Beyond Representation
Authors: Arrivabene Rafael Mariano C.
Published: February 2025

This article draws attention to game design methods in decolonialist studies. As the importance of systematization in game design starts to become apparent, there is an opportunity to challenge the normalization of values, tropes, and power fantasies that have shaped the industry over the years. The article discusses the ways in which colonialist values permeate recurrent elements of game design, contrasting it with characteristics found in pre-colonial games and how they can be related to indigenous perspectives, which usually do not fit capitalist premises.
Green Healthcare – Collective Wellbeing for People and Planet
Authors: Shroff Farah , Helaire Lumas
Published: February 2025

Background

As global climate change accelerates, the crisis of species survival invites holistic ways of knowing. There is a resurgence of engagement in Indigenous spiritual wellbeing systems as part of anti-colonial liberation movements. Green collective wellbeing systems (GreenCoWell) offer opportunities to heal both people and the planet, addressing the notion of separation between life forms.

Objective

We plan to study and elaborate upon 6 BIPOC health practices based on interconnection, including family constellation healing (Zulu nation, Southern Africa), fa (Ghana), yoga (India), shinrinyoku (Japan), Danza Azteca (Central America), and one practice to be identified in the course of the study. From a feminist, anti-racism and decolonial lens, our work aims to support ways of knowing which originate from the Global South and Indigenous communities.

Methods

Applying a participatory action research approach, we will blend qualitative and arts-based methods to portray 6 global GreenCoWell. Healers from each tradition will be interviewed separately and will engage in a collective dialogue on the desire, need, and methods for proliferating GreenCoWell systems.

Results

The results of this project will be a film, poems, stories, academic products, social media messages, and a manifesto emanating from the collective dialogue.

Conclusion

This mixed methods arts-based, feminist, anti-racism, and decolonial project brings together healers from 6 traditions, representing a novel approach to addressing climate change. Those who practice GreenCoWell engage in environmental conservation. Our long term aspiration is for more people to experience mental, physical, and spiritual wellbeing through these and related GreenCoWell and take action for climate justice.
SAM-YOLO: An Improved Small Object Detection Model for Vehicle Detection
Authors: Liao JiaWang , Jiang SuYu , Chen MingHua , Sun ChengJiao
Published: February 2025

Vehicle detection using computer vision plays a crucial role in accurately recognizing and responding to various road conditions, targets, and signals, particularly within autonomous driving technology. However, traditional vehicle detection algorithms suffer from slow detection speed, low accuracy, and poor robustness. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the simple attention mechanism-you only look once (SAM-YOLO) algorithm. SAM-YOLO incorporates the simple attention mechanism into the YOLOv7 network, allowing for the capture of more detailed information without introducing additional parameters. In this study, we experimentally redesigned the backbone network of SAM-YOLO by replacing the redundant part of the network layer with the C3 module, resulting in improved model performance while maintaining accuracy. The experimental results show that the SAM-YOLO algorithm performs excellently in several evaluation metrics under conventional conditions, especially outperforming other algorithms in accuracy and mean average precision values. In tests on the ExLight dataset facing extreme lighting conditions, SAM-YOLO similarly demonstrated optimal detection capabilities, especially in terms of robustness when dealing with complex lighting variations. These findings emphasize the potential of the SAM-YOLO algorithm for real-time and accurate target detection tasks, especially in environments with highly variable lighting conditions.
The Future of Follicular Lymphoma Management: Strategies on the Horizon
Authors: Mulvey Erin , Rutherford Sarah C. , Leonard John P.
Published: February 2025

Progress in the therapy of follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent lymphoma subtype, has been achieved in recent years with significant improvement in median overall survival. Most patients diagnosed with FL will now die from other causes. Multiple novel immunotherapy and other targeted therapies are now approved for relapsed and refractory disease. However, early progression and transformation to aggressive lymphoma remain key issues requiring further innovation. We expect that bispecific antibodies will likely move to earlier use and in novel combinations. Future generations of these and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy will be developed in an effort to minimize toxicity and improve efficacy. New technologies, such as circulating tumor DNA assays, may enable more rational selection and guidance of therapy duration or changes in treatment, as well as possibly substituting for follow up imaging while monitoring patients. We also look forward to more extensive use of quality of life tools to select treatment in patients who have a favorable long-term outlook with multiple options. Finally, patients and clinicians now envision a day when FL is no longer referred to as "incurable". Having a definition and possibility of a "cure" and being able to optimize such a mindset in the approach of FL would represent a major advance in our future management strategy.