bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Paraspinal Muscles and Facet Joints after Minimally Invasive Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using the Cortical Bone Trajectory Technique: A Prospective Study
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Yuxiang , Liu Yuzeng , Hai Yong , Zhang Xinuo , Guan Li , Zhang Tianqing
Published: January 2022

In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the surgical and adjacent segment changes in paraspinal muscles and facet joints in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis after minimally invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique. We enrolled 30 consecutive patients who underwent the single-level CBT technique between October 2017 and October 2018. We evaluated preoperative and 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year postoperative clinical data including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed a year after surgery. The erector spinae (ES) muscle area, volume, and fat infiltration (FI) on the surgical and adjacent segments were evaluated using the thresholding method, and the degree of adjacent facet joint degeneration was calculated using the Weishaupt scale. FI rate was graded using the Kjaer method. All patients underwent a 12-month follow-up. The VAS and ODI scores significantly improved after surgery in all patients. No patient showed degeneration of the adjacent facet joints (

P
>
0.05

) during the 1-year follow-up postoperation. There was no significant difference in ES muscle volume, area, and FI on the surgical and adjacent segments (

P
>
0.05

). The FI rate of the upper ES muscles increased postoperatively (

P
<
0.05

); however, there were no significant changes in FI rate of the lower ES muscles. Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis could obtain satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes via minimally invasive PLIF using the CBT technique. Moreover, this technique may reduce the impact on the paravertebral muscles, especially the ES muscle, and the adjacent facet joints.
The Rate and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury among Cancer Patients’ Admissions in Palestine: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Nazzal Zaher , Abdeljaleel Fatima , Ashayer Aseel , Salameh Husam , Hamdan Zakaria
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical issue for cancer patients despite recent treatment improvements. This study aimed to assess the incidence of AKI in cancer patients and its related risk factors. Methods. A Retrospective cohort study was conducted at tertiary hospitals in the period 2016–2018. A data abstraction sheet was used to collect related variables from patients’ records. During admission, the incidence of AKI was assessed using creatinine measurements. RIFLE criteria were used to classify it into five categories of severity: risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease. Results. Using RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease) criteria, 6.9% of admissions were complicated with AKI. The severity of these fell into the categories of risk, injury, and failure, 3.3%, 1.7%, and 1.9%, respectively. In the multivariate model, the odds for developing AKI was significantly higher for patients with congestive heart failure (AOR = 17.1, 95% CI 1.7–80.1), chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR = 6.8, 95% CI 1.4–32.2 (

P

value 0.017)), sepsis (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.9–10.1), hypercalcemia (AOR = 8.4, 95% CI 1.3–46.1), and admission to the ICU (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI 2.1–16.2). In addition, the mortality rate was nearly seven times higher for patients complicated by AKI (relative risk = 7.6, 95% CI 3.2–18.2). Conclusion. AKI was significantly associated with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sepsis, ICU admission, and hypercalcemia in cancer patients, resulting in poorer outcomes and higher mortality rates. AKI assessment for hospitalized cancer patients should be performed regularly, especially for patients at increased risk.
Assessment of Power Plant Based on Unsafe Behavior of Workers through Backpropagation Neural Network Model
Authors: Shi Juan , Chang Dingyi
Published: January 2022

Safety is an essential topic for electric power plants. In recent years, accidents caused by unsafe behaviors of electric power plant employees are frequent. To promote the sustainable development and safety of electric power plants, studies on the assessment of unsafe behavior are becoming increasingly important and urgent. In this study, accident statistical analysis, literature review, and expert survey are adopted to select more comprehensive and accurate assessment indicators of unsafe behavior of the workers in electric power plants. Data about indicator and unsafe behavior were obtained through a questionnaire survey, and 27 indicators were used as inputs, and the unsafe behavior was taken as the output of a backpropagation (BP) neural network based unsafe behavior assessment model. An assessment indicator system about power plant workers’ unsafe behavior composed of 4 first-level indicators and 27 second-level indicators was established and the weights of the assessment indicators were determined. A three-layer feedforward BP neural network assessment model of “27-13-1” layers was found to be a suitable model. The proposed model can demonstrate the nonlinear complex relationship between the assessment indicator and the unsafe behavior of power plant workers. The model can be helpful to evaluate, predict, and monitor the safety performance of electric power plants.
Construction of the EFL Mobile Learning Model in the Hybrid Distributed Terminal
Authors: Qu Lijie , Song Shihui , Xiao Zuochun
Published: January 2022

With the integration of technology in higher education, mobile learning plays an important role in EFL classes. In order to optimize the efficiency of EFL learning, a mobile learning model in the hybrid distributed terminal is constructed. The online platform supporting both synchronous and asynchronous learning with three types of interaction helps build a blended learning model and creates a closed loop for ubiquitous online and offline learning with multiple evaluation, which also builds a community of inquiry-based learning to facilitate collaborative study and deep thinking. Aiming to improve the resource scheduling performance of learning information sharing mode, based on the traditional sharing mode hardware, the mobile learning software for the hybrid distributed terminal is thus optimized. Learning resources are mined and fused to realize the scheduling of learning information resources, and user interface management function is designed to construct the EFL mobile learning mode with the hybrid distributed terminal.
On Solution of Boundary Value Problems via Weak Contractions
Authors: Prasad Gopi , Işik Hüseyin
Published: January 2022

The aim is to present a new relational variant of fixed point result that generalizes various fixed point results of the existing theme for contractive type mappings. As an application, we solve a periodic boundary value problem and validate all assertions with the help of nontrivial examples. We also highlight the close connections of the fixed point results equipped with a binary relation to that of graph related metrical fixed point results. Radically, these investigations unify the theory of metrical fixed points for contractive type mappings.
Airfoil Surface Forming and Conformity Test Using Laser Tracker
Authors: Beri Habtamu , Ramulu Perumalla Janaki
Published: January 2022

In this study, NACA0018 airfoil surface conformity test was conducted using API tracker3 in combination with SpatialAnalyzer (SA) and modeling software SolidWorks. Plaster of Paris is used as a plug making material and a woven-type fiberglass is used as mold and airfoil surface making material. For airfoil surface analysis, three-dimensional model of the airfoil surface was developed in SolidWorks software and imported in IGES file format to SpatialAnalyzer (SA) software. Then, measurements were taken from manufactured airfoil surface using laser tracker through surface scanning method. Surface conformity test was conducted through fitting of measured points to surface model imported from SolidWorks to SpatialAnalyzer (SA) software. The optimized fit summary result shows that the average fit difference is 0.0 having standard deviation from 0.22224 from the average and zero with RMS of 0.2210. The maximum magnitude of the difference including x and y together is 0.5336 and the minimum −0.5077. Thus, with a given range of surface quality specification, laser tracker is an easy and reliable measurement and inspection tool to be considered.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Verify the Mechanism of Qinshi Simiao San in Treating Chronic Prostatitis in the Rat Model
Authors: Li Chenxi , Xu Lei , Lin Xuyao , Li Qingrui , Liu Shaoming , Fan Lipeng , Fu Wei , Liu Feiyu , Yuan Zhuojun , Qin Guozheng
Published: January 2022

Background. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study aimed to explore the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and molecular mechanism of Qinshi Simiao San (QSSMS) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP) and verify our findings in the rat model. Methods. The APIs of QSSMS and the common targets of QSSMS and CP were screened from the TCMSP database. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the network graph. The enriched GO and KEGG pathways were displayed by David software and R software. Molecular docking was performed to visualize key components and target genes. In addition, the rats model of CP was established to verify the molecular mechanism of QSSMS. Results. Network pharmacology showed that the APIs of QSSMS mainly included quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, isorhamnetin, and calycosin. QSSMS alleviated CP mainly through the negative regulation of the apoptotic process, oxidation-reduction process, inflammatory response, and immune response. Molecular docking showed that the APIs could bind to the corresponding targets. QSSMS repaired the pathological damage of prostate tissue, upregulated the expression of oxidative stress scavenging enzymes CAT and SOD, and downregulated the peroxidative product MDA, inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, PGE2, and NGF, and immune factors IgG and SIgA. Conclusion. The APIs in QSSMS may inhibit inflammation in the rat CP model by regulating immune and oxidative stress.
Liver Transplant Imaging prior to and during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Bellini Maria Irene , Fresilli Daniele , Lauro Augusto , Mennini Gianluca , Rossi Massimo , Catalano Carlo , D’Andrea Vito , Cantisani Vito
Published: January 2022

Background. The suspension of the surgical activity, the burden of the infection in immunosuppressed patients, and the comorbidities underlying end‐stage organ disease have impacted transplant programs significantly, even life‐saving procedures, such as liver transplantation. Methods. A review of the literature was conducted to explore the challenges faced by transplant programs and the adopted strategies to overcome them, with a focus on indications for imaging in liver transplant candidates. Results. Liver transplantation relies on an appropriate imaging method for its success. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, chest CT showed an additional value to detect early signs of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and other screening modalities are less accurate than radiology. Conclusion. There is an emerging recognition of the chest CT value to recommend its use and help COVID‐19 detection in patients. This examination appears highly sensitive for liver transplant candidates and recipients, who otherwise would have not undergone it, particularly when asymptomatic.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging
Authors: Ma Panjiang , Li Qiang , Li Jianbin
Published: January 2022

During the last two decades, as computer technology has matured and business scenarios have diversified, the scale of application of computer systems in various industries has continued to expand, resulting in a huge increase in industry data. As for the medical industry, huge unstructured data has been accumulated, so exploring how to use medical image data more effectively to efficiently complete diagnosis has an important practical impact. For a long time, China has been striving to promote the process of medical informatization, and the combination of big data and artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the medical field has become a hot industry and a new development trend. This paper focuses on cardiovascular diseases and uses relevant deep learning methods to realize automatic analysis and diagnosis of medical images and verify the feasibility of AI-assisted medical treatment. We have tried to achieve a complete diagnosis of cardiovascular medical imaging and localize the vulnerable lesion area. (1) We tested the classical object based on a convolutional neural network and experiment, explored the region segmentation algorithm, and showed its application scenarios in the field of medical imaging. (2) According to the data and task characteristics, we built a network model containing classification nodes and regression nodes. After the multitask joint drill, the effect of diagnosis and detection was also enhanced. In this paper, a weighted loss function mechanism is used to improve the imbalance of data between classes in medical image analysis, and the effect of the model is enhanced. (3) In the actual medical process, many medical images have the label information of high-level categories but lack the label information of low-level lesions. The proposed system exposes the possibility of lesion localization under weakly supervised conditions by taking cardiovascular imaging data to resolve these issues. Experimental results have verified that the proposed deep learning-enabled model has the capacity to resolve the aforementioned issues with minimum possible changes in the underlined infrastructure.
Mathematical Model and Analysis of Corruption Dynamics with Optimal Control
Authors: Fantaye Abayneh Kebede , Birhanu Zerihun Kinfe
Published: January 2022

In this study, a deterministic mathematical model that explains the transmission dynamics of corruption is proposed and analyzed by considering social influence on honest individuals. Positivity and boundedness of solution of the model are proved and basic reproduction number

R

0

is computed using the next-generation matrix method. The analysis shows that corruption-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever

R

0

<
1

. Also, the endemic equilibrium point is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever

R

0

>
1

. Then, the model was extended to optimal control, and some numerical simulations with and without optimal control are also performed to verify the theoretical analysis using MATLAB. Numerical simulation of optimal control model shows that the prevention and punishment strategy is the most effective strategy to reduce the dynamic transmission of corruption.
Analysis of the Research Hotspot of Drug Treatment of Tuberculosis: A Bibliometric Based on the Top 50 Cited Literatures
Authors: Xiong Ying , Wei Jingwen , Cai Yujia , Zhang Yang , Feng Li , Zhang Yonggang
Published: January 2022

Objective. The objective of the current study was to analyze the research hotspot of drug treatment for tuberculosis via top literatures. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on June 7th, 2021. Literatures were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection to identify the top 50 cited literatures related to drug treatment of tuberculosis. The characteristics of the literatures were identified. The outcomes included authorship, journal, study type, year of publication, and institution. Cooccurrence network analysis and visualization were conducted using the VOS viewer (Version 1.6.16; Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands). Results. The top 50 cited literatures were cited 308 to 2689 times and were published between 1982 and 2014. The most studied drugs were the first‐line drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin (n = 22), and drug‐resistant tuberculosis was most frequently reported (n = 16). They were published in 18 journals, and the New England Journal of Medicine published the most literatures (n = 18), followed by the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (n = 7), and the Lancet (n = 6). The authors were from 13 countries, and the authors from the USA published most of the literatures (n = 30), while authors from other countries published less than five literatures. The CDC in the USA (n = 4), the World Health Organization (WHO) (n = 3), and the American Philosophical Society (n = 3) were the leading institutions, and only two authors published at least two top‐cited literatures as first authors. Conclusions. This study provides insights into the development and most important literatures on drug therapy for tuberculosis and evidence for future research on tuberculosis treatment.
Combined Inactivation of CTPS1 and ATR Is Synthetically Lethal to MYC-Overexpressing Cancer Cells
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zhang Ziheng , Wang Qiao-Qi , Liu Ji-Long
Published: January 2022

The “undruggable” oncogene MYC supports cancer cell proliferation and survival through parallel induction of multiple anabolic processes. Here we find that inhibiting CTP synthase (CTPS) selectively decreases cell viability and induces DNA replication stress in MYC-overexpressing cells. MYC-driven rRNA synthesis caused the selective DNA replication stress upon CTPS inhibition. Combined inhibition of CTPS and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) is synthetically lethal in MYC-overexpressing cells, promoting cell death in vitro and decreasing tumor growth in vivo. Unexpectedly, interfering with CTPS1 but not CTPS2 is required to induce replication stress in MYC-deregulated cancer cells and consequent cell death in the presence of an ATR inhibitor. These results highlight a specific and key role of CTPS1 in MYC-driven cancer, suggesting that selectively inhibiting CTPS1 in combination with ATR could be a promising strategy to combat disease progression.

Significance:

Inhibition of CTPS in MYC-overexpressing cells blocks pyrimidine synthesis while maintaining ribosome synthesis activity to create an anabolic imbalance that induces replication stress, providing a new approach to selectively target MYC-driven cancer.

See related commentary by Chabanon and Postel-Vinay, p. 969
20-Year Steady Increase in Survival of Adult Patients with Relapsed Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Bazarbachi Ali , Labopin Myriam , Aljurf Mahmoud , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Balsat Marie , Blaise Didier , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Grassi Anna , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Lenhoff Stig , Jindra Pavel , Passweg Jakob , Abou Dalle Iman , Stadler Michael , Lioure Bruno , Ceballos Patrice , Brissot Eolia , Giebel Sebastian , Nagler Arnon , Schmid Christoph , Mohty Mohamad
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the first cause of transplant failure in patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In other hematologic malignancies, therapeutic advances resulted in significant improvement over time in survival of patients relapsing after transplant.

Experimental Design:

We compared outcomes at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) participating centers of 899 adult patients with Ph+ ALL who relapsed between 2000 and 2019 after allo-HCT performed in first complete remission. Median follow-up for alive patients was 56 months.

Results:

Overall, 116 patients relapsed between 2000 and 2004, 225 between 2005 and 2009, 294 between 2010 and 2014, and 264 between 2015 and 2019. Patient and transplant characteristics were similar over the four time periods except for a progressive increase in unrelated donors, peripheral blood stem cells, reduced intensity conditioning, and in vivo T-cell depletion and a progressive decrease in total body irradiation. The 2-year overall survival (OS) after relapse increased from 27.8% for patients relapsing between 2000 and 2004 to 54.8% for 2015 and 2019 (P = 0.001). A second allo-HCT within 2 years after relapse was performed in 13.9% of patients resulting in a 2-year OS of 35.9%. In multivariate analysis, OS from relapse was positively affected by a longer time from transplant to relapse and the year of relapse.

Conclusions:

We observed a major progressive improvement in OS from posttransplant relapse for patients with Ph+ ALL over the years, likely multifactorial including transplant-related factors, posttransplant salvage, and improvement in supportive care. These large-scale real-world data can serve as a benchmark for future studies in this setting.

See related commentary by Gale, p. 813
To Degrade or Not to Degrade DNMT3A
Authors: Ma Yuhong , Will Britta
Published: January 2022

Aberrant DNA cytosine methylation is a critical contributor to compromised tissue regeneration and malignant transformation, particularly during aging. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Huang and colleagues define a new class of disease-associated DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) variants with decreased de novo DNA methylation activity due increased proteasomal degradation that are able to drive clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells.

See related article by Huang et al., p. 220.
Migraine in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Multinational Study of Patient Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Wijeratne Tissa , Kuan Win Sen , Kelly Anne Maree , Chu Kevin H. , Kinnear Frances B. , Keijzers Gerben , Body Richard , Karamercan Mehmet A. , Klim Sharon , Kamona Sinan , Graham Colin A. , Roberts Tom , Horner Daniel , Laribi Said ,   on behalf HEAD study group
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Migraine headache is commonly diagnosed in emergency departments (ED). There is relatively little real-world information about the epidemiology, investigation, management, adherence to therapeutic guidelines and disposition of patients treated in ED with a final diagnosis of migraine. The primary aim of the current study is to get a snapshot of assessment and management patterns of acute migraine presentations to the different settings of EDs with a view to raise awareness. Methods: This is a planned sub-study of a prospective study conducted in 67 health services in 10 countries including Australia, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, Europe, and the UK investigating the epidemiology and outcome of adult patients presenting to ED with nontraumatic headache. Outcomes of interest for this study are demographics, clinical features (including severity), patterns of investigation, treatment, disposition, and outcome of patients diagnosed as having migraine as their final ED diagnosis. Results: The cohort comprises 1,101 patients with a mean age of 39 years (SD ± 13.5; 73.7% [811]) were female. Most patients had had migraine diagnosed previously (77.7%). Neuroimaging was performed in 25.9% with a very low diagnostic yield or significant findings (0.07%). Treatment of mild migraine was in accordance with current guidelines, but few patients with moderate or severe symptoms received recommended treatment. Paracetamol (46.3%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (42.7%) were the most commonly prescribed agents. Metoclopramide (22.8%), ondansetron (19.2%), chlorpromazine (12.8%), and prochlorperazine (12.8%) were also used. Conclusions: This study suggests that therapeutic practices are not congruent with current guidelines, especially for patients with severe symptoms. Efforts to improve and sustain compliance with existing management best practices are required.
Dexrazoxane Alleviated Doxorubicin-Induced Nephropathy in Rats
Authors: Hu Huihui , Xie Caipeng , Weng Zeping , Yu Pei , Wang Yuqiang , Shan Luchen
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antitumor agent, has been widely used against various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However, the clinical application of DOX is restricted by its multiple organ toxicity including nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of dexrazoxane (DZR) against DOX-induced nephropathy in rats. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats received 2.5 mg/kg DOX once a week for 5 consecutive weeks. 24-h urinary protein and renal function injury biomarkers were determined to evaluate the renal function. Histopathological changes and glomerulosclerosis were examined by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The change of renal ultrastructure in the DOX-induced rats was observed by the electron microscopy. The renal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and measured the protein expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. Renal interstitial fibrosis was determined by Masson staining and immunohistochemistry examination. The levels of vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in kidney tissue were detected by Western blot. Results: DZR pretreatment markedly raised the survival rate and improved the renal dysfunction in DOX-treated rats. DZR ameliorated DOX-induced histopathological lesion of glomerular and tubular and apoptosis. DZR restored the oxidant/antioxidant balance via regulating the levels of MDA, SOD, and TAC. DZR reduced DOX-induced collagen IV deposition and renal interstitial fibrosis and downregulated the fibrosis-related protein expressions of vimentin, α-SMA, and TGF-β1. Conclusion: Our results suggest DZR exerted its protective effects against DOX-induced nephropathy through inhibition of lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.
The Cost of Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspirations between Ventricular Access Device and Ventriculosubgaleal Shunt for Treatment of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation in Premature Infants
Authors: Lai Grace Y. , Shlobin Nathan , Zhang Lu , Wescott Annie B. , Lam Sandi K.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Ventriculosubgaleal shunts (VSGSs) require fewer cerebrospinal (CSF) aspirations than ventricular access devices (VADs) for temporization of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) in preterm infants. Cost of postoperative CSF aspiration has not been quantified. Methods: We reviewed CSF aspiration and laboratory studies obtained in preterm infants with PHVD and VAD at our institution between 2009 and 2020. Cost per aspiration was calculated for materials, labs, and Medicare fee schedule for ventricular puncture through implanted reservoir. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science for meta-analysis of pooled mean number of CSF aspirations and proportion of patients requiring aspiration. Results: Thirty-five preterm infants with PHVD had VAD placed with 22.2 ± 18.4 aspirations per patient. Labs were obtained after every aspiration per local protocol. Cost per aspiration at our institution was USD 935.51. Of 269 published studies, 77 reported on VAD, 29 VSGS, and 13 both. Five studies on VAD (including the current study) had a pooled mean of 25.8 aspirations per patient (95% CI: 16.7–34.8). One study on VSGS reported a mean of 1.6 ± 1.7 aspirations. Three studies on VAD (including the current study) had a pooled proportion of 97.4% of patients requiring aspirations (95% CI: 87.9–99.5). Four studies on VSGS had a pooled proportion of 36.5% requiring aspirations (95% CI: 26.9–47.2). Frequency of lab draws ranged from weekly to daily. Based on costs at our institution, mean number of aspirations, and proportion of patients requiring aspirations, cost difference ranged between USD 4,243 and 23,235 per patient and USD 500,903 and 2.36 million per 100 patients depending on frequency of taps and Medicare locality. Discussion/Conclusion: Lower number of CSF aspirations using VSGS can be associated with considerably lower cost compared to VAD.
Petróleo como palanca para el desarrollo económico
Authors: Clavijo Vitto William Adrian
Published: January 2022

El artículo analiza las oportunidades para el desarrollo económico de Guyana a partir del auge de su industria petrolera. Para eso, fue realizada una revisión de la literatura sobre el desarrollo económico en países ricos en recursos naturales. En seguida, fue analizada la experiencia guyanesa desde el descubrimiento de recursos en el bloque Stabroek y los planes gubernamentales para impulsar la diversificación económica del país. Con base en lo anterior, son discutidos los desafíos que Guyana enfrenta para hacer una correcta utilización de esos recursos. Entre los resultados, el estudio muestra que, a pesar de que el aumento de la producción petrolera colocará a Guyana entre las naciones de mayor crecimiento económico en la próxima década, el país necesita superar importantes desafíos en materia de capacidad institucional, capital humano e infraestructura para garantizar la utilización eficaz de la riqueza derivada de la actividad petrolera en el impulso del desarrollo nacional.
Como exercer a cidadania no mundo dos algoritmos?
Authors: Motta Murilo
Published: January 2022

Esta resenha apresenta o livro Ciudadanos Reemplazados Por Algoritmos, de Néstor García Canclini. A obra analisa como os usos das novas tecnologias e das redes digitais transformam as relações sociais, em especial as formas de se exercer a cidadania, nos países da América Latina – tema que ganhou destaque após a pandemia da COVID-19, que forçou a migração massiva de direitos e serviços para plataformas digitais. García Canclini destaca como a concentração de poder entre algumas poucas grandes empresas transnacionais de tecnologia é um obstáculo para o exercício pleno da cidadania nas redes. Esta resenha aprofunda a análise do papel da governamentalidade neoliberal nas opções hegemônicas de desenvolvimento tecnológico. Argumentamos, em sintonia com García Canclini, que ela precisa ser substituída, em prol de novas formas de organização social que priorizem a pluralidade e a democracia.
Resenha do livro "Cinemas latino-americanos em circulação: Em busca do público perdido”
Authors: Andrietta Gabriela
Published: January 2022

O livro Cines latinoamericanos en circulación: en busca del público perdido apresenta importantes estudos sobre o público de cinema e a circulação de filmes na América Latina. A obra, organizada por Ana Rosas Mantecón (UAM, México) e Leandro González (UNGS, Argentina), busca enfatizar a expansão do cinema latino-americano, tanto do âmbito da produção, como da difusão, em um momento anterior à pandemia, no qual havia muitas expectativas em torno da produção cinematográfica latino-americana, devido ao aumento do número de salas de cinema na região, ao crescimento do financiamento estatal e ao surgimento de políticas supranacionais entre os países do Mercosul e outras regiões, por meio de coproduções e acordos de cooperação. Esta resenha buscou analisar criticamente os quatro blocos temáticos do livro (mercado e janelas de exibição; festivais de cinema; público e financiamento) a partir das mudanças que estão acontecendo no mercado de cinema devido à pandemia e a outros desafios do setor que não foram pontuados pelo livro, como o aumento da concentração no setor devido à passagem do modelo analógico para o digital e a falta de articulação  entre os países do bloco.
políticas de educação dentro do regionalismo pós-hegemônico Mercosulino:
Authors: Malheiros Mariana Rocha , Spyer Tereza
Published: January 2022

A partir da análise das políticas de educação voltadas à integração regional sul-americana, este estudo procura responder se houve avanços dentro do regionalismo pós-hegemônico, em sua dimensão social, que se configurou no Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), com base nos documentos das Cúpulas Sociais do MERCOSUL (CSM) e do Plano Estratégico de Ação Social do MERCOSUL (PEAS). Para tal, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, se analisaram as Declarações e os Documentos de Trabalho das CSM e do PEAS. Conclui-se que houve avanços na participação social para elaboração de propostas de políticas educacionais; contudo, as limitações de institucionalização do bloco impedem a sua execução.
Cerebral White Matter Mediation of Age-Related Differences in Picture Naming Across Adulthood
Authors: Troutman Sara B. W. , Madden David J. , Diaz Michele T.
Published: January 2022

As people age, one of the most common complaints is difficulty with word retrieval. A wealth of behavioral research confirms such age-related language production deficits, yet the structural neural differences that relate to age-related language production deficits remains an open area of exploration. Therefore, the present study used a large sample of healthy adults across adulthood to investigate how age-related white matter differences in three key left-hemisphere language tracts may contribute to age-related differences in language ability. Specifically, we used diffusion tensor imaging to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) which are indicators of white matter structure. We then used a series of path models to test whether white matter from the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the frontal aslant tract (FAT) mediated age-related differences in one form of language production, picture naming. We found that FA, as well as RD from the SLF and FAT mediated the relation between age and picture naming performance, whereas a control tract (corticospinal) was not a mediator. Moreover, differences between mediation of picture naming and a control naming condition suggest that left SLF has a greater role in higher-order aspects of naming, such as semantic and lexical selection whereas left FAT is more sensitive to sensorimotor aspects of fluency or speech motor planning. These results suggest that dorsal white matter contributes to age-related differences in generating speech and may be particularly important in supporting word retrieval across adulthood.
Scopus 1900–2020: Growth in articles, abstracts, countries, fields, and journals
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Sud Pardeep
Published: January 2022

Scientometric research often relies on large-scale bibliometric databases of academic journal articles. Long-term and longitudinal research can be affected if the composition of a database varies over time, and text processing research can be affected if the percentage of articles with abstracts changes. This article therefore assesses changes in the magnitude of the coverage of a major citation index, Scopus, over 121 years from 1900. The results show sustained exponential growth from 1900, except for dips during both world wars, and with increased growth after 2004. Over the same period, the percentage of articles with 500+ character abstracts increased from 1% to 95%. The number of different journals in Scopus also increased exponentially, but slowing down from 2010, with the number of articles per journal being approximately constant until 1980, then tripling due to megajournals and online-only publishing. The breadth of Scopus, in terms of the number of narrow fields with substantial numbers of articles, simultaneously increased from one field having 1,000 articles in 1945 to 308 fields in 2020. Scopus’s international character also radically changed from 68% of first authors from Germany and the United States in 1900 to just 17% in 2020, with China dominating (25%).
Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from India, with morphological variability in Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899
Authors: TIWARI SHIVAM , PADATE VINAY P. , VENUGOPALAN VISHNU K. , CUBELIO SHERINE SONIA , TAKEDA MASATSUNE
Published: January 2022

Deep-water king crabs of the genus Paralomis White, 1856 collected during three cruises of the Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada in the western Bay of Bengal (528–777 m depths), one cruise in the eastern Bay of Bengal off Great Nicobar Island (337 m depth), and four cruises in the southeastern Arabian Sea (315–1245 m) were identified. They are referred to Paralomis ceres Macpherson, 1989, recorded for the first time from Indian waters and P. indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899, reported for the first time from the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. In addition, this study reports the morphological variability among the P. indica populations in the shape of the carapace and dorsal rostral spines, nature of the branchial and cardiac regions and abdominal marginal spines, and the relative lengths of pereopods 2–4. Mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase I (594 base pairs) and 16S rRNA (503 bp) gene sequences of P. ceres and P. indica (602 and 497 bp, respectively) revealed that they formed distinct lineages. A key to the Indian Ocean species of Paralomis is provided.
Six new species of Tonsilla Wang & Yin, 1992 (Araneae: Agelenidae) from southern China, with the first description of the male of T. yanlingensis (Zhang, Yin & Kim, 2000)
Authors: ZHANG MENG , IRFAN MUHAMMAD , WANG LU-YU , ZHANG ZHI-SHENG
Published: January 2022

Six new species of the spider genus Tonsilla Wang & Yin, 1992 are described from southern China: T. jinyunensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Chongqing, T. jiugongensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Hubei, T. subtruculenta sp. nov. (♂♀), T. rutunda sp. nov. (♂♀) and T. yueliangensis sp. nov. (♂) from Guizhou and T. subrostrum sp. nov. (♂♀) from Hunan. In addition, T. yanlingensis (Zhang, Yin & Kim, 2000) is redescribed and its male is described here for the first time. Tonsilla subyanlingensis Liu & Xu, 2020 is transferred to Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999, hence the new combination Draconarius subyanlingensis (Liu & Xu, 2020) comb. nov. is established. The female of T. subyanlingensis Liu & Xu, 2020 should be treated as T. yanlingensis (Zhang, Yin & Kim, 2000). Detailed descriptions, photographs of copulatory organs and somatic features, a distribution map and comparisons with closely related species are presented.
Influence of in volatilization on photoluminescence in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Shi Kaiju , Wang Chengxin , Li Rui , Qu Shangda , Wu Zonghao , Deng Jianyang , Xu Mingsheng , Xu Xiangang , Ji Ziwu
Published: January 2022

Two multiple quantum well (MQW) InGaN/GaN structures emitting green light, without (A) and with (B) an indium (In) volatilization suppression technique (IVST) during growth of the active region, were fabricated. The dependencies of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra upon temperature at different levels of excitation power were investigated. The results indicate that an IVST can increase the In content while suppressing the phase separation caused by volatilization of that In incorporated in the well layers. Also, compared with Structure B with IVST, which contains one phase structure, Structure A without IVST, which contains two separate phases (i.e., an In-rich phase and an In-poor phase), exhibits higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE) at low excitation power and lower IQE at high excitation power. The former is mainly attributed to the stronger In-rich phase-related localization effect of Structure A, because the In-rich phase-related emission dominates the PL spectra of Structure A at a low excitation power; the latter is mainly due to the In-poor phase-related weaker localization effect of Structure A, because the In-poor phase-related emission dominates the PL spectra of Structure A at high excitation power because localized states in this In-rich phase are saturated.
Effect of Hsa-miRNA-203a-3p on proliferation of skin squamous cell carcinoma-1 human skin squamous cell cancer cells by targeting adenomatous polyposis coli using magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Cheng Maojie , Gu Dongcheng , Feng Jurui , Li Caixia
Published: January 2022

To investigate the effect of hsa-miR-203a-3p overexpression on the proliferation of human skin squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cells and its possible mechanism. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-203a-3p in cell lines and clinical human CSCC samples. A luciferase
reporter system was used to verify the targeted regulatory relationship of miR-203a-3p to APC, and a miR-203a-3p lentivirus overexpression vector was constructed and used to transfect CSCC SCL-1 cells. RT-PCR was used to detect changes in miR-203a-3p and APC gene expression and Western blot
was used to detect differences in APC and β-catenin protein expression. MTT and clonogenic assays were used to evaluate cell growth and detect clone formation, respectively. MiR-203a-3p showed decreased expression in SCL-1 cells and CSCC samples. Results of luciferase reporter
assay showed that the ratio of Renilla luciferase to Firefly luciferase was significantly decreased in SCL-1 cells of the APC 3′-UTR+miR-203a-3p (wild-type) group compared with those of the APC 3′-UTR+negative control group. After lentiviral infection of SCL-1 cells, the abundance
of miR-203a-3p and phosphorylated β-catenin protein was significantly increased, whereas the abundance of APC and β-catenin protein was significantly reduced. Cell phenotyping analysis showed that miR-203a-3p decreased cell proliferation. MiR-203a-3p inhibits the proliferation
of SCL-1 cells through targeted regulation of APC and may play a role as a tumor suppressor gene through the Wnt pathway. Nanotechnology has potential future research applications in gene vector transfection technology.
Study on the effect of fengycin on the respiration and metabolic mechanism of Penicillium expansum
Authors: Fu Ruimin , Zhang Hong , Tang Wei , Yang Xue , Wang Ding , Chen Wuling
Published: January 2022

This study investigate the inhibiting effect of fengycin on respiration and nutrient utilization of Penicillium expansum. The respiratory inhibition rate of the P. expansum was determined by the test of dissolved oxygen fengycin, The effect of fengycin treatment on the
activity of P. expansum mitochondrial complex enzyme was detected by mitochondrial enzyme activity assay. The ability of fengycin treatment to P. expansum the utilization of total sugar and total protein was determined by DNS colorimetric method and biuret method. After fengycin
treatments, the TCA pathway of respiratory metabolism in P. expansum was inhibited. Besides, fengycin could block the gene expression in P. expansum by binding P. expansum mitochondrial complex enzyme II and III related genes. Therefore, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes
was affected. With the increasement of fengycin concentration, the absorption and utilization capacity of P. expansum to total sugar and total protein decreased significantly. Fengycin could inhibit the respiratory metabolism and reduce the biochemical metabolism level in P. expansum
and finally caused the growth inhibition.
Controlling size and distribution of Ag nanoparticles in near surface of SiO2 glass by low-energy ion implantation
Authors: Zhou Xiaodong , Wang Erlei , Zhou Sihua , Yuan Honglei , Wang Yongmei , Wang Qiang
Published: January 2022

Ag nanoparticles were embedded in the near surface of SiO2 substrate and fabricated by low-energy ion implantation method in this study. The optical and structural properties of Ag implanted samples were investigated using optical spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope
(TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grain size and distribution of nanoparticles embedded in the substrate were characterized by TEM and AFM characterization. Results showed that the grain size and depth of distribution of nanoparticles were controlled by changing the ion implantation
energy and dose. Furthermore, the Ag nanoparticles embedded near surface of substrate prepared by this low-energy ion implantation method had strong local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) characteristics. Our work demonstrates a practical means for fabrication of metal nanoparticles with controllable
size and distribution using ion implantation technology, which is helpful to the application of local plasmon resonance effect of metal nanoparticles.
Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosol and Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Northern Hemisphere Monsoon Precipitation: Mechanisms and Uncertainty
Authors: Monerie Paul-Arthur , Wilcox Laura J. , Turner Andrew G.
Published: January 2022

Northern Hemisphere land monsoon (NHLM) precipitation exhibits multidecadal variability, decreasing over the second half of the twentieth century and increasing after the 1980s. We use a novel combination of CMIP6 simulations and several large ensembles to assess the relative roles of drivers of monsoon precipitation trends, analyzing the effects of anthropogenic aerosol (AA), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and natural forcing. We decomposed summer global monsoon precipitation anomalies into dynamic and thermodynamic terms to assess the drivers of precipitation trends. We show that the drying trends are likely to be mainly due to increased AA emissions, which cause shifts of the atmospheric circulation and a decrease in moisture advection. Increases in GHG emissions cause monsoon precipitation to increase due to strengthened moisture advection. The uncertainty in summer monsoon precipitation trends is explored using three initial-condition large ensembles. AA emissions have strong controls on monsoon precipitation trends, exceeding the effects of internal climate variability. However, uncertainties in the effects of external forcings on monsoon precipitation are high for specific periods and monsoon domains, resulting from differences in how models simulate shifts in atmospheric circulation. The effect of AA emissions is uncertain over the northern African monsoon domain due to differences among climate models in simulating the effects of AA emissions on net shortwave radiation over the North Atlantic Ocean.
Validation of the Final Monthly Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Version 05 and Version 06 with Ground-Based Precipitation Gauge Measurements across the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Eckert Ellen , Hudak David , Mekis Éva , Rodriguez Peter , Zhao Bo , Mariani Zen , Melo Stella , Strong Kimberly , Walker Kaley A.
Published: January 2022

To assess the performance of the most recent versions of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), namely, V05 and V06, in Arctic regions, comparisons with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Climate Network stations north of 60°N were performed. This study focuses on the IMERG monthly final products. The mean bias and mean error-weighted bias were assessed in comparison with 25 precipitation gauge measurements at ECCC Climate Network stations. The results of this study indicate that IMERG generally detects higher precipitation rates in the Canadian Arctic than ground-based gauge instruments, with differences ranging up to 0.05 and 0.04 mm h−1 for the mean bias and the mean error-weighted bias, respectively. Both IMERG versions perform similarly, except for a few stations, where V06 tends to agree slightly better with ground-based measurements. IMERG’s tendency to detect more precipitation is in good agreement with findings indicating that weighing gauge measurements suffer from wind undercatch and other impairing factors, leading to lower precipitation estimates. Biases between IMERG and ground-based stations were found to be slightly larger during summer and fall, which is likely related to the increased precipitation rates during these seasons. Correlations of both versions of IMERG with the ground-based measurements are considerably lower in winter and spring than during summer and fall, which might be linked to issues that passive microwave (PMW) sensors encounter over ice and snow. However, high correlation coefficients with medians of 0.75–0.8 during summer and fall are very encouraging for potential future applications.