bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la suspensión en la estabilidad al vuelco y direccionamiento de robots moviéndose sobre discontinuidades de terreno
Authors: García J. M. , Valero A. , Bohórquez A.
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se estudia el efecto que produce el sistema de suspensión sobre la estabilidad al vuelco y la capacidad de direccionamiento en un robot móvil Skid Steer, cuando este se enfrenta a distintas discontinuidades del terreno: descenso (frontal y lateral) y ascenso sobre escalones, además del desplazamiento sobre zanjas. Específicamente, se estudió el instante cuando se generan cargas de impacto producto del movimiento del robot sobre la irregularidad del terreno. En cada caso se hizo un análisis correlacional del efecto sobre la estabilidad al vuelco y el direccionamiento (cuantificadas con métricas fundamentadas en las fuerzas de reacción de las ruedas con el suelo), al variar cuatro parámetros que definen el sistema de suspensión: constante de rigidez en los resortes, constante de amortiguamiento en los amortiguadores y las constantes de rigidez y amortiguamiento en las ruedas. Por último se estimó para cada caso, qué magnitudes deberían adquirir estos parámetros para garantizar una mejor estabilidad y direccionamiento del robot.
Solidão/individualismo na docência da educação infantil: consequência ou projeto?
Authors: Santos Graziella Souza , Silva Sandra Cristina Vanzuita da , Paula Wagner Eduardo Estácio de
Published: April 2020

A expansão da Educação Infantil encontra-se no bojo das lutas pelo direito à educação. O processo de ampliação da oferta dessa etapa da Educação Básica tem-se dado, entretanto, de forma complexa e desafiadora, não acompanhado, na maioria das vezes, de investimentos efetivos que promovam condições adequadas para uma educação de qualidade. Nesse sentido, este artigo discute as condições do trabalho docente na Educação Infantil. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas individuais e grupo focal, aborda o sentimento de solidão e abandono percebido por professoras de Educação Infantil em um município de Santa Catarina. As discussões permeiam eixos temáticos como a fragilidade no suporte pedagógico, a ausência de trabalho coletivo e a precariedade na formação inicial dos Pedagogos. Os principais resultados indicam que o isolamento profissional tem sua origem em como as organizações estruturam seus espaços e suas práticas, o tempo de atendimento e a necessidade da construção de estratégias e políticas que apoiem os diversos segmentos profissionais que atuam nessa etapa da Educação Básica.
Educação física na educação infantil: entre a suspeita e o diagnóstico de autismo
Authors: Marchiori Alexandre Freitas
Published: April 2020

O presente texto lança luz sobre as práticas avaliativas e pedagógicas que se tem desenvolvido no CMEI Constelação e de que forma a Educação Física tem ajudado as crianças com autismo, e com hipótese de TEA. O objetivo é apresentar essa tensão entre a suspeita e o diagnóstico de autismo, os diálogos com as famílias e os encaminhamentos que ocorreram em 2017 e de que forma a Educação Física tem contribuído com a superação das limitações impostas pelo autismo, mas também, valorizando as potencialidades de cada sujeito. As famílias que aceitaram as indicações de investigar o comportamento de seus filhos/filhas, e acolheram as suspeitas levantadas pelos professores e profissionais envolvidos com a educação das crianças, relataram uma melhora significativa na superação de barreiras impostas pelo transtorno. As intervenções pedagógicas, mesmo na ausência de um diagnóstico precoce, colaboraram para ampliar as capacidades das crianças e reduzir os impactos do TEA nas dimensões comunicativas, sociais e comportamentais.
Synergy of the westerly winds and monsoons in lake evolution of global closed basins since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yuxin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Monsoon system and westerly circulation, to which climate change responds differently, are two important components of global atmospheric circulation, interacting with each other in the mid-to-low latitudes and having synergy effect to those regions. Relevant researches on global millennial-scale climate change in monsoon and westerlies regions are mostly devoted to multi-proxy analyses of lakes, stalagmites, ice cores, marine and eolian sediments. Different responses from these proxies to long-term environmental change make understanding climate change pattern in monsoonal and westerlies regions difficult. Accordingly, we disaggregated global closed basins into areas governed by monsoon and westerly winds and unified palaeoclimate indicators, as well as combined with the lake models and paleoclimate simulations for tracking millennial-scale evolution characteristics and mechanisms of global monsoon and westerly winds since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results concluded that the effective moisture in most closed basins of the mid-latitudes Northern Hemisphere is mainly a trend on the decrease since the LGM, and of the low-latitudes is mainly a trend on the rise. Millennial-scale water balance change exhibits an obvious boundary between global westerlies and monsoon regions in closed basins, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. In the monsoon dominated closed basins of the Northern Hemisphere, humid climate prevails in the early-mid Holocene and relative dry climate appears in the LGM and late Holocene. While in the westerly winds dominated closed basins of the Northern Hemisphere, climate is characterized by relative humid LGM and mid-Holocene (MH) compared with the dry early Holocene, which is likely to be connected with precipitation brought by the westerly circulation. This study provides insights into long-term evolution and synergy of monsoon and westerly wind systems and basis for projection of future hydrological balance in the low-to-mid latitudes.
El fomento del cooperativismo a través de la contratación pública sostenible
Authors: Arnáez Arce Vega María
Published: April 2020

El nuevo régimen jurídico de la contratación pública ha supuesto una transformación de los contratos del sector público, a los que ha convertido en instrumentos específicos para la consecución de objetivos sociales, ambientales y de emprendimiento e innovación social. Pues bien, uno de los aspectos más destacados del nuevo régimen de la contratación pública consiste en la consolidación y el desarrollo de los Principios Generales de la Contratación. Principios que, en todo caso y de acuerdo con la Estrategia Europea 2020, precisan ser compatibles con el reto de impulsar la incorporación de cláusulas contractuales que reflejen las obligaciones sociales y medioambientales que deben respetar las Administraciones Públicas y el resto de poderes adjudicadores en los procedimientos de licitación pública. En este sentido, el trabajo que se presenta aborda el estudio de unos de los retos actuales de la del Movimiento Cooperativo, a partir del análisis de la relación entre la contratación pública y el fomento del cooperativismo como consecuencia de su compromiso social y su contribución, desde su origen a la promoción del desarrollo del interés general en ámbitos tales como la educación, la vivienda, la asistencia socio-sanitaria y la protección y defensa del medioambiente, de acuerdo con los términos del séptimo principio cooperativo que aboga por que estas entidades trabajen en pro del desarrollo sostenible de sus comunidades con arreglo a las políticas adoptadas por sus socios.
Exploring the Success of GMT Technique: Games, Mind-Mapping, and Twitter Hashtags in Teaching Vocabulary in EFL Higher Education Environment
Authors: Alhajaji Banan Hassan , Algmadi Jalila Saleh , Metwally Amal Abdelsattar
Published: April 2020

Vocabulary is an essential element of language learning. Wide ranges of vocabulary along with grammatical competence guarantee learners to communicate in the language effectively. This study proposes an edutainment method for learning vocabulary by simply combining education and entertainment. This study aims to gain insights about learners’ opinions and perspectives about the use of a technique developed by the researchers as well as how participants feel about their learning. The study investigates the effect of employing Games, Mind-mapping and Twitter Hashtags as the GMT technique, on female Saudi university students’ achievement in English vocabulary. The study suggests that this technique which consists of interactive games, cognitive mind-mapping and the exploitation of technology in the form of twitter hashtags, all employed together, constitute a unified framework for activating students’ vocabulary learning. The sample in the study consisted of 150 students enrolled in the vocabulary building course during the second semester of the academic year 2018/2019. The participants were asked to respond to the questionnaire and they also took variant assessment tests, then their scores were compared to the results of other students who were not taught vocabulary using the technique in question. The findings ascertain the improvement and significant in the experimental group. In addition, the results reveal that the learners had mostly positive opinions on implementing the GMT technique which facilitated their language learning experience. The researchers conclude that the GMT technique can be an effective tool to promote students’ active engagement, motivation, and interaction in vocabulary learning.
Elemental Design Base of Chinese Supercomputer Technologies
Authors: Molyakov Andrey
Published: April 2020

China intends to close the technological gap from Western countries in microprocessor production by 2021. 46 new projects worth billions of dollars have already been launched in the country. Most of these projects receive direct or indirect state support, which creates a huge demand for domestic semiconductors. By a government decree, all servers in government offices and state-owned enterprises will be preferentially equipped with processors of domestic production. As a result, their sales are expected to grow at a rate of 20% annually. First of all, we are talking about “Loongson”, “Shenwei” and “Phytium” chips (the latter are the development of the Chinese military-industrial complex). The Shenwei processors, which have proved their effectiveness, are promising: they are the ones that run the world's most powerful supercomputer, Sunway Taihu Light, which consists of 10.65 million cores and performs 93 quadrillion operations per second.
Interest Rate Liberalization and Commercial Banks Profitability: Evidence from China
Authors: Ying Lai
Published: April 2020

Enhanced profitability is an important guarantee to improve the well-being of people and better exert the functions of commercial banks in promoting economic, social and production growth on the premise of the existence and development of commercial banks. Interest rate liberalization is one of the key factors which can affect the profitability of commercial banks. An empirical study is thus carried out on 16 Commercial banks (from 2007 to 2018) to analyze the impact of interest rate liberalization on the profitability of commercial banks. We draw main conclusions from this study: (1) the progress of interest rate liberalization has improved the profitability of banks. (2) This kind of impact is inverted U-shaped, that is, with the advancement of interest rate liberalization, the impact will be reversed in the future. (3) For banks of different sizes, the impact is different. Specifically, small and medium-sized banks are more sensitive to the liberalization of interest rates, while for larger banks, the impact is not strong.
Early chest X-ray in persons with presumptive tuberculosis increases Xpert® MTB/RIF diagnostic yield and efficiency
Authors: Nadiah Z. , Koesoemadinata R. C. , McAllister S. M. , Putriyani G. , Chaidir L. , Ruslami R. , Santoso P. , Hill P. C. , van Crevel R. , Alisjahbana B.
Published: April 2020

Adult presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients (n = 1690) were screened for TB using a questionnaire, chest X-ray (CXR) and sputum microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB); Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture
was performed for 74% of the patients and Xpert® MTB/RIF was done for 17.2%. Among patients recruited, 943 (55.8%) were diagnosed with TB, of whom 870 (92.3%) were bacteriologically confirmed and 73 (7.7%) were clinically diagnosed on the basis of CXR. Using CXR prior to culture
or Xpert testing reduces the number needed to screen from 7.6 to 5.0. Using CXR to triage for culture or Xpert testing reduces the number of missed cases and increases the efficiency of culture and Xpert testing.
Effect of MoS2 Nanosheet Fillers on Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibre Composites Obtained by the Electrospinning Method
Authors: Yuan Bin , Liu Jun , Qiu Lei , Chang Meng-Jie , Li Ya-Qing
Published: April 2020

The graphene-like two dimensional (2D) inorganic materials have been been shown great interest for a variety of applications. In this work, polymer composite nanofibres containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets were obtained by electrospinning. The MoS2 nanosheets were well dispersed inside the fibres, and the nanofibres maintained the fibre morphology well with the MoS2 nanosheets embedded. The incorporation of MoS2 nanosheets changes polymer nanofibre morphology from round to ribbon-like. Moreover, through thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) measurements, it was found that the MoS2 nanosheets as an additive material led to an increase in thermal stability and in the storage modulus. This work comprises an extensive approach to producing a novel 2D inorganic-organic composite structure, which should be applicable for membrane engineering with enhanced thermal and mechanical stability.
Filmförderung und Europarecht – ein Überblick
Authors: Cole Mark D.
Published: April 2020

Bei der Betrachtung des Rechtsrahmens innerhalb dessen Filmfördersysteme in Europa ausgestaltet werden können, ist auch der Blick ins EU-Recht notwendig. Zwar spielt wegen der kulturellen Komponente bei der Filmförderung innerhalb der EU im Wesentlichen die mitgliedstaatliche Regulierungskompetenz eine Rolle, jedoch gibt es zahlreiche Anknüpfungspunkte im EU-Recht, die teilweise sehr intensive Vorgaben machen, die von den Mitgliedstaaten zu beachten sind und damit deren Kompetenz und Gestaltungsspielraum begrenzen. Der Beitrag, der auf einem Vortrag beim UFITA-Symposium „Aktuelle Rechtsfragen der deutschen und europäischen Filmförderung“ am 28.6.2019 am Institut für Urheber- und Medienrecht (IUM) in München basiert, gibt einen Überblick zu diesen Rahmenbedingungen. Der Beitrag gibt zunächst einen ersten Überblick zu den unterschiedlichen Regelungen, die relevant sind. Anschließend werden Teilbereiche etwas genauer dargestellt. Die Bedeutung der Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten, die einerseits die Rechtsposition der Filmemacher und -produzenten stärkt und vor staatlichen Eingriffen schützen, andererseits einen unverfälschten Wettbewerb im EU-Binnenmarkt ermöglichen sollen, ist auf einer ersten Ebene besonders hoch. Daneben sind aber weitere primärrechtliche Aspekte wie insbesondere die Strukturprinzipien und die Aufteilung der Kompetenzen zwischen EU und Mitgliedstaaten relevant, um zu verstehen, warum es auch auf EU-Ebene eigene Filmförderung geben kann. Im Fokus der Darstellung steht seiner Bedeutung entsprechend das EU-Wettbewerbsrecht und hier insbesondere das Beihilfenrecht, das die mitgliedstaatlichen Möglichkeiten bei der Förderung von Filmvorhaben klar umreißt. Dies gilt vor allem, weil die Kommission in ihrer Prüfungspraxis Leitlinien entwickelt hat, die in der so genannten „Kinomitteilung“ festgehalten sind und an denen sich die Mitgliedstaaten zu orientieren haben. Nach der Präsentation dieser Kommissionsmitteilung wird noch kurz auf die Rechtsprechung des Gerichts der EU zum deutschen Filmförderungsgesetz eingegangen. Vor dem abschließenden Fazit werden Bezüge im sonstigen EU-Sekundärrecht, wie insbesondere in der Richtlinie über audiovisuelle Mediendienste in der jüngst novellierten Fassung, die auch für die Förderung europäischer Filmwerke eine wichtige Weiterentwicklung darstellte, aufgezeigt. Der Beitrag kann dabei nur einen groben Überblick zeichnen, soll aber durch den Gesamtblick verdeutlichen, warum das EU-Recht von so erheblicher Bedeutung auch bei der Filmförderung ist.
John McDowells Bildungstheorie
Authors: Steininger Timo
Published: April 2020

In this educational philosophical work, the concept of McDowell's education is re-examined from the concept of reason and nature, taking into account the Stoa. Enriched with stoic ideas about the concept of nature, the book reveals new perspectives and yet does not shy away from the examination of the great philosophical frameworks contained in McDowell's theories. Representatives of naturalism are sketched as well as different theories about first and second nature. Moral philosophical parts that show the ethical understanding of the second nature in McDowell, referring to authors such as Kant, Hegel and Aristotle, round off the overall concept. Through the text-analytical reworking of Cicero, Seneca and Marc Aurel, a bridge is then built to McDowell's undefined concept of nature in order to enrich it with the stoic logo.
“A Matrix of Intellectual and Historical Experiences”
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2020

This article seeks to re-evaluate the importance of the political in the thinking of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The article first shows that Sartre’s description of Merleau-Ponty’s intellectual trajectory as one of increasing political apathy from the 1950s onwards is inaccurate. The article then demonstrates that throughout the post-war period, including in his project for a new ontology, Merleau-Ponty believed that a revised version of Marxism would provide the methodological framework within which philosophical work could address the political challenges of the present. This revised Marxism was to be a direct alternative to the reifying uses of Marx’s thinking. It would rely upon the latter’s self-reflexive historicism, which meant its very failures showed how philosophy might transform itself in connection with its own time. Cet article tente souligner la place du politique dans la pensée de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. On contestera d’abord la description faite par Sartre de sa trajectoire intellectuelle, selon laquelle il aurait fait preuve d’une apathie croissante, à partir des années cinquante, vis-à-vis des questions politiques. On montrera ensuite que durant toute la période d’après-guerre, jusque dans les recherches ontologiques ultimes, Merleau-Ponty a pensé qu’un usage renouvelé du marxisme permettrait au travail philosophique de répondre aux défis politiques du présent. Une telle révision du marxisme représentait une alternative directe aux usages réifiant de la pensée de Marx. Cette révision serait rendue possible par la réflexivité historiciste de cette pensée, qui fait que, dans ses erreurs mêmes, celle-ci révèle la capacité de la philosophie à se transformer au contact de son temps.
Experiencing and Saying the Finitude of Language in Heidegger and Derrida
Authors: Mihkelsaar Janar ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2020

This article explores how the later Heidegger and the early Derrida experience and say the “being” of language. Both stumble upon the impossibility of bringing language into language—either because, for Derrida, all terms are implicated in the differential process of semiosis; or because, for Heidegger, articulations are responses called forth from the being of language. This is how we experience the finitude of language. Instead of being plainly nameless, the word comes into presence in its being-absent, but does so in conflicting ways. Derrida’s différance brings into language the infinite self-signification of language, while Heidegger’s Ereignis brings into it the self-concealment of language in propositional statements. Cet article examine comment Heidegger, vers la fin de sa vie, et Derrida, à ses débuts, éprouvent et disent « l’être » du langage. Tous deux découvrent l’impossibilité de faire entrer le langage dans le langage – soit, dans le cas de Derrida, car tous les termes sont impliqués dans le processus différentiel de la semiosis; soit, dans le cas de Heidegger, car les articulations sont les réponses appelées par l’être du langage. C’est ainsi que nous faisons l’expérience de la finitude du langage. Au lieu d’être tout simplement sans nom, le mot trouve présence dans son être-absent, de manières néanmoins conflictuelles. La différance de Derrida fait entrer dans le langage l’auto-signification infinie du langage, alors que l’Ereignis de Heidegger y introduit l’auto-dissimulation du langage dans des formulations propositionnelles.
Art and the Other
Authors: Lawson Kathryn ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2020

Engaging with Hans-Georg Gadamer and Edith Stein, this article argues that art offers us a glimpse of the interiority of both the artist and the community of connoisseurs who share in a love of art. By tarrying with the other in the artwork, the other becomes enmeshed in the meaning of that work and herself becomes a facet of how art is meaningful and world-making. This process does not claim to know the entirety of the other. Rather, the other, like the artwork, is seen only in part. A trace of the other’s interiority affirms our suspicion of connection to the other but always maintains her mystery and autonomy beyond our totalizing conceptualization. Né d’une collaboration entre Hans-Georg Gadamer et Edith Stein, cet article soutient que l’art nous offre un aperçu authentique de l’intériorité de l’artiste et de la communauté de connaisseurs qui partagent leur amour de l’art. En s’attardant avec l’autre dans l’art, l’autre commence à s’emmêler sur le sens de cet art et il devient eux-mêmes une facette de la richesse de l’art et de la trans-formation du monde. Ce processus ne prétend pas connaître l’autre dans son intégralité. Au contraire, l’autre, tout comme l’art, est vu seulement en partie. Des réminiscences de l’intériorité de l’autre confirment notre suspicion de connexion à l’autre mais préservent toujours son mystère et son autonomie au-delà de notre conceptualisation totalisante.
On the Practical Goal of Ethics Education
Authors: Samuelsson Lars , Lindström Niclas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2020

In this paper we consider the ability to master a set of methods for moral reasoning as a form of ethical competence. These methods can be roughly assembled under the headings information, vividness, and coherence. We distinguish between the theoretical characterization of ethical competence and what we take to be its practical role and argue that the ability to master these methods fits the theoretical characterization of such competence as well as fulfils its practical role. An important upshot of this result is that these methods are suitable as a basis for ethics education at various levels, at least when the goal of such education is partly practical: to provide tools for reaching justified moral decisions. Consequently, we encourage ethics educators who teach ethics with this goal to design their educational approaches in such a way that these methods are taught and practiced.
Entre los signos del cielo y las voces de los hombres: la visión medieval del cielo y su representación apocalíptica) = Between the Signs of Heaven and the Voices of Men: The Medieval Vision of Heaven and its Apocalyptic Representation
Authors: Parma Mariana Valeria
Published: April 2020

El concepto de cielo adquirió múltiples significados en distintos contextos históricos. Asociado a la idea del más allá, la noción también remite a la esfera celeste donde se hallan los astros y la temática se vincula con las diversas representaciones del universo que se desplegaron a través de los tiempos. Las visiones celestes guardan estrecha relación con el contexto histórico en el que se imponen y particularmente con los fundamentos del orden social entonces vigente. En este artículo nos proponemos rastrear, desde una perspectiva de análisis de historia cultural, las representaciones del cielo imperantes en los tiempos medievales y en particular establecer la significación de la mirada apocalíptica. La particular ambivalencia de la apocalíptica cristiana funcionará como punto de partida para la ruptura de significados que produjo la lectura bajomedieval de estas ideas en el contexto crítico feudal con consecuencias decisivas para el orden social.AbstractThe concept of heaven acquired multiple meanings in different historical contexts. Linked to the idea of the hereafter, the notion also refers to the celestial sphere where the stars are found and the theme is linked to various representations of the universe that developed throughout the ages. The celestial visions are closely related to the historical context in which they appear and particularly to the foundations of the prevailing social order of the time. In this article, we propose to trace the representations of heaven that prevailed in medieval times, from a cultural history approach, and in particular, to establish the meaning of the apocalyptic view. The particular ambivalence of Christian apocalyptics is a starting point for the transformation of meanings produced by late medieval readings of these ideas in a critical feudal context with decisive consequences for the social order.
Las formas de la violencia entre frailes. El testimonio de Fray Ubertino de Casale = Forms of Violence between Friars. Ubertino of Casale’s Testimony
Authors: Castillo Paula
Published: April 2020

El movimiento iniciado por Francisco de Asís ha sido asociado a lo largo del tiempo a un mensaje cristiano de paz, tolerancia y misericordia. Sin embargo, en la historia de la Orden encontramos diversos testimonios que refieren a situaciones turbulentas. El objetivo de este trabajo es ahondar sobre las diferentes formas en que se manifestaron la violencia y el conflicto entre hermanos a partir de un testimonio: el que desplegó fray Ubertino de Casale en los debates del concilio de Vienne entre 1310 y 1312. De este modo, se realizará una recolección de las diversas situaciones denuncias en torno a tópicos específicos, a la vez que se analizará con una mirada de análisis del discurso cuáles son los recursos que se despliegan a la hora de representar la violenciaAbstractThe movement initiated by Francis of Assisi has been identified over time with a Christian message of peace, tolerance and compassion. However, we find various testimonies that refer to turbulent situations in the history of the Order. The purpose of this study is to delve into the various means by which violence and conflict between friars themselves have surfaced. We will focus on friar Ubertino of Casale’s testimony in the debates of the Council of Vienne between 1310 and 1312. Through his testimony, we will identify a series of complaints by way of specific stereotypes, and through the use of discourse analysis we will unveil the elements utilized in order to represent violence.
La funcionalidad social de los inmuebles urbanos de las élites dirigentes bajomedievales: reflexiones a partir de un caso de estudio (Jerez de la Frontera, España)
Authors: Ruiz Pilares Enrique José
Published: April 2020

La historiografía europea ha constatado que los inmuebles urbanos eran una fuente de inversión segura que, al mismo tiempo, permitía, en el caso de los grupos dirigentes bajomedievales, construir toda una red de solidaridades y reforzar su estatus social. Para confrontar estas afirmaciones para el caso del reino de Castilla, y especialmente de Andalucía, hemos tomado como caso de estudio Jerez de la Frontera. Esta ciudad, una de las más importantes al sur de Castilla, cuenta con uno de los archivos medievales mejor conservados. A partir de los registros notariales se han estudiado los patrimonios de 45 caballeros que habían formado parte del gobierno urbano durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos (1474-1504). Este estudio nos ha permitido confirmar la funcionalidad social de este tipo de bienes, siendo una de sus manifestaciones más evidentes la ampliación de sus casas palacios, la construcción de capillas o la financiación de edificios religiosos u hospitales.AbstractEuropean scholarship has found that urban buildings were a sound source of investment. Moreover, in the case of medieval elites, it allowed them to build a thorough network of solidarity and to strengthen their social status. To examine these tendencies in the case of the kingdom of Castile, and especially in the region of Andalusia, we have chosen the city of Jerez de la Frontera as a case study. This city, one of the most important in southern Castile, has one of the richest medieval archives. From its notary records, we have examined the property of 45 knights who were part of the municipal government during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs (1474-1504). This study has allowed us to confirm the social role of this type of building, as demonstrated by the extension of its palaces, the construction of chapels or the financing of religious buildings or hospitals.
Sobre el Códice Alcobacense de Vaseo y los Annales Portugalenses Veteres: continuidad del reino visigodo de Toledo = On Vasaeus’ Codex Alcobacensis and the Annales Portugalenses Veteres: The Continuity of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo
Authors: Del Castillo Arcadio
Published: April 2020

El códice que utilizó J. Vaseo no tiene nada que ver con los fragmentos del  códice Alcobacense existentes en Madrid y Londres. De hecho todo empuja a considerar que tuvo que ser la Summa Chronicorum (que no se puede identificar con el códice Matritense), pues estando  en Alcobaça el Chronicon que vió era el Alcobacense. El códice de J. Vaseo no es de donde sacó A. Brandão el Chronicon que denominó Chronica Gothorum, por lo que resulta incuestionable que A. Brandão y J. Vaseo no trabajaron con el mismo texto. Ahora bien, en cualquier caso, para nosotros lo que resulta interesante es precisamente la existencia de los cronicones que forman parte de los llamados Annales Portugalenses Veteres. Pues en estos cronicones se hace referencia a la llegada de los visigodos a Hispania, su dominio sobre ella, la pérdida del reino por la invasión musulmana, y el comienzo de su recuperación con don Pelayo y sus sucesores. Consideramos que no se trata de un cronicón Conimbricense con tres versiones. A nuestro entender nos encontramos con tres cronicones, cubriendo cada uno de ellos más espacio temporal que el anterior, y que, al margen de su auténtico origen, y siguiendo el primer esquema que se planteó, deben de ser denominados Alcobacense, Lusitanum y Conimbricense.Abstract The Codex that J. Vasaeus used is entirely unrelated to the fragments of the Codex Alcobacensis held in Madrid and London. Indeed, everything indicates that it must have been the Summa Chronicorum (which cannot be identified with the Codex Matritensis) he consulted, since being in Alcobaça, the Chronicon he saw must rather be the Alcobacense. Brandão did not work on the chronicle that he called the Chronica Gothorum from Vasaeus’ codex, and thus we must conclude that Brandão and Vasaeus did not work on the same text. Regardless of this, what interests us here is specifically the existence of the brief chronicles that form part of the Annales Portugalenses Veteres. These brief chronicles refer to the arrival of the Visigoths in Hispania, their dominion over it, the loss of their kingdom due to the Muslim conquest and the beginning of its recovery by Don Pelayo and his successors. We do not believe that this is a Conimbricense Chronicon with three different versions. Rather, we consider that these form three brief chronicles, each of which covers a longer period of time than the previous one. Hence, regardless of their true origin and in line with the first scheme proposed, the Chronicons should be titled the Alcobacense, the Lusitanum and the Conimbricense.
Notarios públicos entre dos reinos. Apuntes diplomáticos sobre documentos notariales castellanos en el arquivo distrital de Braga = Notary Publics between two Kingdoms. Some Notes on Diplomatics Regarding Castilian Notarial Records in the Arquivo Distrital de Braga
Authors: Calleja Puerta Miguel
Published: April 2020

La extensión del notariado público fue un fenómeno relevante de la Europa del siglo XIII. Este artículo estudia algunos documentos notariales tempranos, castellanos y portugueses, que se han conservado en el Arquivo Distrital de Braga. A través de ellos se demuestra que los documentos notariales se aceptaban normalmente en reinos distintos al de procedencia del notario. Mediante su estudio diplomático puede observarse también una formulación cada vez más precisa derivada de la praxis cotidiana.AbstractThe spread of public notaries was a relevant phenomenon in thirteenth-century Europe. This article examines some early Castilian and Portuguese notarial documents preserved in the Arquivo Distrital de Braga. They demonstrate that notarial records were commonly accepted in other kingdoms different from the one of origin of the notary who issued the document. The diplomatic study of this group of documents will allow us to establish a more precise identification of formulas linked to a common praxis.
La invitación interpersonal a delinquir como acto preparatorio punible
Authors: Alastuey Dobón Carmen
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo versa sobre la punibilidad de las invitaciones privadas a delinquir como actos preparatorios. Desde hace tiempo se discute acerca de las características que han de reunir dichas invitaciones para considerarlas punibles a través de la conspiración o de la proposición para delinquir (art. 17 CP, apartados 1 y 2, respectivamente). Esta polémica se ha reavivado con el cambio en el concepto legal de proposición en el año 2015. La propuesta de interpretación del mencionado precepto que aquí se formula gira en torno a dos ideas clave. En primer lugar, la necesidad de distinguir entre las invitaciones aceptadas (pactos cerrados para delinquir) y las no aceptadas (pactos intentados). Las primeras son más peligrosas que las segundas y requieren el castigo de todos los miembros del pacto, por lo que han de ser sancionadas a través de la conspiración. Las segundas, punibles mediante la proposición, deben cumplir requisitos más estrictos y castigarse con una pena inferior. En segundo lugar, la exigencia, en todo caso, de que el pacto lo sea para la ejecución de un delito. Ello implica la impunidad de acuerdos cerrados o intentados en los que no se prevea la ejecución del hecho delictivo por parte de al menos uno de sus miembros. This paper focuses on the punishability of private invitations to commit offences as preparatory acts. For some time now, it has been discussed about the characteristics of these invitations in terms of their punishability, both as conspiracy and as a proposition to commit an offence (article 17 CP, sections 1 and 2, respectively). The change in the legal concept of proposition, in 2015, has revived this particular controversy. Thereby, the proposed interpretation of the aforementioned precept is formulated around two key ideas. First, the need to distinguish between accepted invitations (closed agreements to commit offences) and those that are not accepted (attempted agreements). The former are more dangerous than the latter and imply to punish the whole group; therefore they must be sanctioned as conspiracy. Second, punishable as a proposition to commit an offence, must meet stricter requirements and be punished with a lower penalty. In the last place, it should be highlighted the requirement that the agreement is made in any case for the commission of a crime. This implies the impunity of closed or attempted agreements in which the execution of the criminal act by at least one of its members is not foreseen.
La protección de los menores frente al abuso y la explotación sexual a través de las consecuencias jurídicas del delito aplicables a las personas físicas imputables
Authors: González Tascón María Marta
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de las consecuencias jurídicas que la legislación española enlaza a los delitos sexuales con víctimas menores de edad incidiendo en particular en los problemas jurídicos que las mismas plantean.
Reflexões sobre um treinamento em Entrevista Motivacional em estudantes da área da saúde
Authors: De Souza Fernanda Pasquoto , Heinen Marina , Oliveira Margareth Da Silva
Published: April 2020

O uso da Entrevista Motivacional (EM) pode auxiliar o paciente na ativação das suas metas, configurando-se como um modo de comunicação eficaz para mudanças no estilo de vida. Entretanto, é necessário que o profissional esteja capacitado para a aplicação dos princípios da EM, a fim de ser uma prática efetiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi refletir sobre a importância e avaliar o nível de conhecimento e a aplicação das habilidades fundamentais da Entrevista Motivacional numa amostra de 120 estudantes da área da saúde, após um treinamento em EM. Foi verificado o grau de Confiança e de Importância em utilizar essas habilidades na prática profissional dos participantes. Encontrou-se que quanto maior o grau de confiança em EM, maior é o percentual de perguntas consistentes com os fundamentos da EM e maior chance de acertos na EM. Os achados mostram a relevância do treinamento de Entrevista Motivacional nos cursos da área da saúde, pois potencializam a confiança dos alunos ao trabalharem com os pacientes sobre mudanças de comportamento e qualificam a formação do profissional da área da saúde.
Salt and pepper noise reduction and edge detection algorithm based on neutrosophic logic
Authors: Arulpandy P , Trinita Pricilla M
Published: April 2020

Neutrosophic set (NS) is a powerful tool to deal with indeterminacy. In this paper, the neutrosophic set is applied to the image domain and a novel edge detection technique is proposed. Noise reduction of images is a challenging task in image processing. Salt and pepper noise is one kind of noise that affects a grayscale image significantly. Generally, the median filter is used to reduce salt and pepper noise; it gives optimum results while compared to other image filters. Median filter works only up to a certain level of noise intensity. Here we proposed a neighborhood-based image filter called nbd-filter, it works perfectly for gray image regardless of noise intensity. It reduces salt and pepper noise significantly at any noise level and produces a noise-free image. Further, we proposed an edge detection algorithm based on the neutrosophic set, it detectsedges efficiently for images corrupted by noise and noise-free images. Since most of the real-life images consists of indeterminate regions, neutrosophy is a perfect tool for edge detection. The main advantage of the proposed edge detector is, it is a simple and efficient technique and detect edges more efficient than conventional edge detectors.
Yearling proportion correlates with habitat structure in a boreal forest landbird community
Authors: Pyle Peter , Foster Kenneth R. , Godwin Christine M. , Kaschube Danielle R. , Saracco James F.
Published: April 2020

Landbird vital rates, such as productivity and adult survivorship, can be estimated by modeling mist-netting capture data. The proportion in which an adult breeding bird is 1 year of age (a “yearling”), however, has been studied only minimally in a few landbird species. Here we relate yearling proportion to habitat-structure covariates, including reclamation age, in a boreal forest landbird community. Data were collected at 35 constant-effort mist-netting stations over a 6-year period, and consisted of 12,714 captures of adults, of 29 landbird species, including 4,943 captures of yearlings. Accuracy of age determination (yearling or older) was assessed based on recapture data and error rates were estimated at a mean of 8.1% (range 0.0–19.4%) among the 29 species, with 20 species showing age-error rates <10%. The estimated mean yearling proportion was 0.407, ranging from 0.178 to 0.613 among species. Remote-sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), a measure of habitat greenness, was positively correlated with age since reclamation up to 20 years, at which time it became comparable to that of natural stations. The probability of capturing a yearling for species associated with mature forest was lower at stations with higher EVI and the opposite was the case for species favoring successional habitats. These results suggest that yearling birds are being excluded from preferred breeding habitats by older birds through despotism and/or that yearlings are simply selecting poorer habitat due to lack of breeding experience or other factors. This dynamic appears to be operating in multiple species within this forest landbird community. Captured yearlings may also be “floaters”, or non-breeding individuals not holding territories. However, presuming that yearlings show lower reproductive success whether floating or not, our results suggest that stations with high yearling proportions could be located within sink as opposed to source habitats. Overall, we infer that yearling proportion may become an important vital-rate measure of habitat quality and reclamation efforts, when combined with indices of population size, productivity, reproductive condition and survivorship.
Exosomes derived from M0, M1 and M2 macrophages exert distinct influences on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xia Yu , He Xiao-Tao , Xu Xin-Yue , Tian Bei-Min , An Ying , Chen Fa-Ming
Published: April 2020

Background

Different phenotypes of macrophages (M0, M1 and M2 Mφs) have been demonstrated to play distinct roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cells in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Our previous study also found that cell-conditioned medium (CM) derived from M1 Mφs supported the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), whereas CM derived from either M0 or M2 Mφs showed an enhanced effect on cell osteogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Exosomes, as key components of Mφ-derived CM, have received increasing attention. Therefore, it is possible that exosomes may modulate the effect of Mφ-derived CM on the property of BMMSCs. This hypothesis was tested in the present study.

Methods

In this study, RAW264.7 cells were induced toward M1 or M2 polarization with different cytokines, and exosomes were isolated from the unpolarized (M0) and polarized (M1 and M2) Mφs. Mouse BMMSCs were then cultured with normal complete medium or inductive medium supplemented with M0-Exos, M1-Exos or M2-Exos. Finally, the proliferation ability and the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of the BMMSCs were measured and analyzed.

Results

We found that only the medium containing M1-Exos, rather than M0-Exos or M2-Exos, supported cell proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. This was inconsistent with CM-based incubation. In addition, all three types of exosomes had a suppressive effect on chondrogenic differentiation.

Conclusion

Although our data demonstrated that exosomes and CM derived from the same phenotype of Mφs didn’t exert exactly the same cellular influences on the cocultured stem cells, it still confirmed the hypothesis that exosomes are key regulators during the modulation effect of Mφ-derived CM on BMMSC property.
Identification of exosomal miRNAs associated with the anthracycline-induced liver injury in postoperative breast cancer patients by small RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Di , Shen Di , Luo Yang , Che Yi-Qun
Published: April 2020

Background

Anthracycline-induced liver injury (AILI) is one of the serious complications of anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for postoperative breast cancer patients. Exosomal miRNAs, as signaling molecules in intercellular communication, play the essential roles in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the expression profiles of them in patients with AILI remains unknown.

Methods

Seven post-chemotherapy patients were recruited in this study. After isolated plasma-derived exosomes, small RNA sequencing revealed exosomal miRNA profiles and differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified between the liver injury group and non-liver injury group. miRTarBase and miRDB were used to predict the potential target genes of DE-miRNAs. DILI-related genes were downloaded from the CTD Database. The intersection of predicted genes and DILI-related genes were identified as the AILI-related target genes of the DE-miRNAs. GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by the DAVID database. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by the STRING database and essential exosomal miRNAs were identified via Cytoscape software.

Results

A total of 30 DE-miRNAs and 79 AILI-related target genes were identified. AILI-related target genes of the DE-miRNAs are significantly enriched in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Then, the hub genes were screened and we discovered that IL-6 and SOD2 are the most critical genes that may be involved in the development of AILI through the activation of immune response and the occurrence of oxidative stress, respectively. In addition, we found that miR-1-3p could potentially regulate most of the hub genes in the miRNA-hub gene network.

Conclusion

We explored the potential functions of DE-miRNAs and suggested exosomal miR-1-3p might be the essential exosomal miRNA in the pathogenesis of AILI. Moreover, our study provided an experimental basis for experimental verification to reveal the actual function and mechanism of miRNAs in AILI.
Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Status of School Children in Enugu-South L.G.A., Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu J. I. , Ejiofor N. C. , Ezeagu I. E. , Okorie C. P. , Nwankwo N. E.
Published: April 2020

This study sought to assess the dietary intake and serum Zinc, Iron and Copper status of primary school children aged 5-13 years living in Enugu- South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study is a community-based cross-sectional study, adopting multistage random sampling techniques. Dietary intakes of the micronutrients were assessed using the 24 hours dietary recall. The micronutrient intakes of the children were evaluated using Dietary Requirement Intake as a reference. Two milliliters (2 ml) of non-fasting venous blood was taken from the children for serum micronutrient analysis. Three hundred and thirty (330) children were analyzed for serum micronutrient status; 155 (47%) were male while 175 (53%) were females, with their mean age 8 ± 1.09: The mean micronutrient intakes of the subjects were 4.98 ± 3.7, 4.53 ± 1.63, and 0.42 ± 0.20 mg/d for Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. Only the male group aged 5-9 years met 100% of the DRI for Zn while the 5-9 years females, 10-13 years males and 10-13 years female did not meet up with the DRI for Zn, Fe and Cu. The mean serum micronutrients of the total children were 63.16 ± 18.06, 62.27 ± 17.3 and 69.9 ± 14.99µg/dl for Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. Of the 330 children studied, 32%, 43% and 23% of them seem to be deficient in Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. The food intakes of the children did not supply the recommended Dietary Requirement Intake for school children. There is, therefore, an urgent need to educate the public on good eating habits and the need for diversification of diets with animal products, fruits and vegetables to ensure adequate intake of these essential micronutrients.