bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of earliness for creating new ms F1 pepper hybrids
Authors: Cvikic Dejan , Pavlovic Nenad , Brdar Milka , Girek Zdenka
Published: January 2011

Breeding new line pepper genotypes is an important goal for the Institute for
Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka. Years of selection resulted in great
number of varieties, however, the selection of F1 pepper hybrids started
recently. Pepper F1 hybrids have proved to be better than cultivars in the
terms of earliness, yield, plant uniformity, pathogen resistance etc.
Considering significant heterosis values for earliness, this paper deals with
the genetic analysis of F1 and F2 pepper hybrids, obtained by crossing four
lines, including ms line HM-6.
Genetic relationship between yield and yield components of maize
Authors: Nastasic Aleksandra , Jockovic Djordje , Ivanovic Mile , Stojakovic Milisav , Bocanski Jan , Djalovic Ivica , Sreckov Zorana
Published: January 2011

One of the objectives of this paper was to determine relationship between
grain yield and yield components, in S1 and HS progenies of one early
synthetic maize population. Grain yield was in high significant, medium
strong and strong association with all studied yield components, in both
populations. The strongest correlation was recorded between grain yield and
1000-kernel weight (S1 progenies rg = 0.684; HS progenies rg = 0.633).
Between other studied traits, the highest values of genotypic coefficient of
correlations were found between 1000-kernel weight and kernel depth in S1
population, and 1000-kernel weight and ear length in HS population. Also,
objective of this research was founding the direct and indirect effects of
yield components on grain yield. Desirable, high significant influence on
grain yield, in path coefficient analysis, was found for 1000-kernel weight
and kernel row number, and in S1 and HS progenies, and for ear length in
population of S1 progenies. Kernel depth has undesirable direct effect on
grain yield, in both populations.
Analysis of grain size in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by linear and bilinear models
Authors: Vasic Mirjana , Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica , Zoric Miroslav , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Cervenski Janko
Published: January 2011

Bean grain size, along with grain color and shape, is a constituent of bean?s
market quality. In order to be able to satisfy the broad market demand,
cultivars with grain of all classes (from the smallest to largest) and top
agronomic qualities must be developed. This paper analyzed 24 bean genotypes.
They had different grain size in terms of their specific responses to growing
conditions over three growing seasons. The two-way ANOVA was used to separate
the main effects responsible for the formation of grain of a particular size.
The genotype effects were 89.9%, the year effects 2.2%, and those of genotype
x year interaction 7.9%. A large portion of interaction variability was
attributable to two (AMMI) or tree (SREG) highly significant (by the Gollob
F-test) principal components. Most of the genotypes exhibited high stability.
The various types of interactions between individual genotypes and growing
conditions in a given year are shown in two types of biplot graphs (GE and
GGE).t to introduce organic agriculture programs in breeding institutions.
The variation of yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to stressful growing conditions of alkaline soil
Authors: Petrovic Sofija , Dimitrijevic Miodrag , Belic Milivoj , Banjac Borislav , Boskovic Jelena , Zecevic Veselinka , Pejic Borivoj
Published: January 2011

The paper presents the results of experiments with 11 varieties of wheat
grown in alkaline soil stressful conditions. The experiment was set up at the
site in the Banat, on the non-ameliorated solonetz soil, as control variante,
and with ameliorative measures using phosphogypsum. The phenotypic
variability and genotype by environment interaction for the grain number and
weight per spike, using AMMI model in three vegetation seasons were studied.
The analysis of the results revealed that the tested varieties responded
differently to external, stressful conditions and ameliorative measures.
Based on the AMMI analysis results the significance of PCA axis was observed.
Combining abilities of maize inbred lines for grain yield and yield components
Authors: Zivanovic Tomislav , Brankovic Gordana , Radanovic Slavko
Published: January 2011

Diallel mating design experiment with reciprocal crosses was used to
determine combining abilities of five maize inbred lines and their hybrid
combinations for grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel rows
per ear, number of kernels per row in 2005. and 2006. year. GCA and SCA
significant values were observed for all traits under study in both years.
GCA/SCA relation showed that dominant gene effect had prevalent influence in
the inheritance of grain yield, ear length and ear diameter. Additive gene
effect had larger importance in the inheritance of number of kernel rows per
ear. NS-1445 inbred line showed best GCA effect for grain yield, ear length
and number of kernels per row, but worst GCA effect for number of kernel rows
per ear. Best GCA effect for ear diameter achieved inbred line F-7R. Line
BL-47 showed best GCA effect for number of kernel rows per ear in both years,
but also the worst GCA effect for grain yield and number of kernels per row.
Hybrid combination NS-1445 x BL-47 showed largest SCA effect for grain yield
in both years and also showed, like hybrid combination F-7R x NS-1445,
significant SCA effects for all other traits, except ear diameter. This cross
also proved that hybrid combinations that include one parent with good GCA
effect and the other parent with bad GCA effect can have very successful
performance. It will be useful during selection material testing, to keep
also genotypes which show bad GCA effect, but have phenotypic favorable trait
values. Reciprocity effect was significant for SCA effects of all traits but
ear diameter. It is the conformation of involvement of plasmagenes in maize
quantitative traits inheritance. The largest reciprocity effect for grain
yield achieved F-7R x BL-47 in both years. Significantly higher grain yield
in this hybrid combination was achieved when line F-7R was used as a female
parent and significantly higher number of kernel rows per ear was achieved
when line BL-47 was used as a female parent.
Neural networks used for speech recognition
Authors: Gevaert Wouter , Tsenov Georgi , Mladenov Valeri
Published: January 2011

In this paper is presented an investigation of the speech recognition
classification performance. This investigation on the speech recognition
classification performance is performed using two standard neural networks
structures as the classifier. The utilized standard neural network types
include Feed-forward Neural Network (NN) with back propagation algorithm and
a Radial Basis Functions Neural Networks.
New algorithm for packet routing in mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Kojic Nenad , Zajeganovic-Ivancic Marija , Reljin Irini , Reljin Branimir
Published: January 2011

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are one of wireless networks implementation.
MANET is very popular technology initially based on military purposes.
Specific modifications of MANET created a possibility to implement several
new wireless networks. One of them is a wireless mesh network (WMN). Over the
last ten years, WMNs have gained more and more attention and are now
considered as a convincing solution for providing better Internet access
services for end users. WMN is an emerging technology that offers a
cost-effective and scalable method to connect wireless devices. The main
problem in WMNs is a routing protocol, especially because it has to enable
the access to network for both mesh and conventional clients. Most of the
existing ad hoc routing protocols use minimum hop-count as a metric for
identifying the best packet routes. This paper presents neural network based
approach to routing protocol for WMN. Neural networks are capable to analyze
very complex network environments and solve routing problems on optimal (or
almost optimal) way.
A novel framework for Farsi and latin script identification and Farsi handwritten digit recognition
Authors: Behrad Alireza , Khoddami Malike , Salehpour Mehdi
Published: January 2011

Optical character recognition is an important task for converting handwritten
and printed documents to digital format. In multilingual systems, a
necessary process before OCR algorithm is script identification. In this
paper novel methods for the script language identification and the
recognition of Farsi handwritten digits are proposed. Our method for script
identification is based on curvature scale space features. The proposed
features are rotation and scale invariant and can be used to identify
scripts with different fonts. We assumed that the bilingual scripts may have
Farsi and English words and characters together; therefore the algorithm is
designed to be able to recognize scripts in the connected components level.
The output of the recognition is then generalized to word, line and page
levels. We used cluster based weighted support vector machine for the
classification and recognition of Farsi handwritten digits that is
reasonably robust against rotation and scaling. The algorithm extracts the
required features using principle component analysis (PCA) and linear
discrimination analysis (LDA) algorithms. The extracted features are then
classified using a new classification algorithm called cluster based
weighted SVM (CBWSVM). The experimental results showed the promise of the
algorithms.
Development of a closed-loop neural prosthesis for vestibular disorders
Authors: Di Giovanna , Gong W. , Haburcakova C. , Kögler V. , Carpaneto J. , Genovese V. , Merfeld D. , Demosthenous A. , Guyot J.P. , Hoffmann K.P. , Berthoz A. , Morari M. , Micera S.
Published: January 2011

Vestibular disorders can cause severe problems including spatial
disorientation, imbalance, nausea, visual blurring, and even cognitive
deficits. The CLONS project is developing a closed-loop, sensory neural
prosthesis to alleviate these symptoms [1]. In this article, we outline the
different components necessary to develop this prosthetic. A short version of
this work was presented in the NEUREL 2010 [1]. Conceptually, the prosthesis
restores vestibular information based on inertial sensors rigidly affixed to
the user. These sensors provide information about rotational velocity of the
head; the prosthetic then transfers the information to the vestibular nerve
via electrical stimulation. Here we present a project overview, development
details, and summarize our progress in animal models and selected human
volunteers.
Vowel recognition of patients after total laryngectomy using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and mouth contour
Authors: Pietruch Rafal , Grzanka Antoni
Published: January 2011

The paper addresses a problem of isolated vowels recognition in patients
following total laryngectomy. The visual and acoustic speech modalities were
separately incorporated in the machine learning algorithms. The authors used
the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients as acoustic descriptors of a speech
signal. A lip contour was extracted from a video signal of the speaking
faces using OpenCV software library. In a vowels recognition procedure the
three types of classifiers were used for comparison purposes: Artificial
Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Naive Bayes. The highest
recognition rate was evaluated using Support Vector Machines. For a group of
the laryngectomees having a different quality of speech the authors achieved
75% for acoustic and 40% for visual recognition performances. The authors
obtained higher recognition rate than in a previous research where 10
cross-sectional areas of a vocal tract were estimated. Using presented image
processing algorithm the visual features can be extracted automatically from
a video signal.
Two neural approaches for small-signal modelling of GaAs HEMTs
Authors: Marinkovic Zlatica , Crupi Giovanni , Caddemi Alina , Markovic Vera
Published: January 2011

Focus of this paper is on the neural approach in small-signal modelling of
GaAs HEMTs. Two modelling approaches based on artificial neural networks are
discussed and compared. The first approach is completely based on artificial
neural networks, while the second is a hybrid approach putting together
artificial neural networks and an equivalent circuit representation of a
microwave transistor. Both models consider the device gate width and
therefore both are scalable. Results of modelling of three different
AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs in a wide range of operating bias conditions using the
considered approaches are given. Different modelling aspects are discussed. A
special attention is paid to the model development procedure and accuracy of
the models.
Muscle twitch responses for shaping the multi-pad electrode for functional electrical stimulation
Authors: Malesevic Nebojsa , Popovic Lana , Bijelic Goran , Kvascev Goran
Published: January 2011

In this paper we present a method for optimization of multi-pad electrode
spatial selectivity during transcutaneous Functional Electrical Stimulation
(FES) of hand. The presented method is based on measurement of individual
muscle twitch responses during low frequency electrical stimulation via pads
within multi-pad electrode. Twitch responses are recorded by
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers. The aim of this
methodology is to substitute bulky sensors, torque sensors and goniometers,
in multi-pad electrode optimization algorithm with smaller and lighter
sensors; therefore making multi-pad stimulation suitable for daily use.
Additionally we present method for minimizing number of MEMS accelerometers,
which relies on characteristic waveforms of joint acceleration during wrist
or fingers flexion/extension. These signals can be used to train Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) to distinguish between different waveform classes and
define correlation of each pad and activated muscle beneath. Results
presented in this paper show high agreement of goniometers based
classification and accelerometers based classification. As for classification
with minimized number of sensors (one accelerometer) our ANN backed algorithm
achieved high degree of accurate classification in intra-subject testing, but
lower performance in inter-subject testing.
The Catch 22 syndrome of social scientists in the semiperiphery: Exploratory sociological observations
Authors: Blagojevic Marina , Yair Gad
Published: January 2011

This paper describes the parochial predicament of the social sciences by
looking at world sociology in its Janus-like face: on the one hand we focus
on the intellectual, political, and sometimes even ethical compromises that
social scientists in European semiperipheral countries forgo in order to gain
acceptance and recognition in world sociology. On the other hand we show how
these compromises paradoxically impoverish intellectual potentialities in the
major centers of academic excellence too. In the analyses we focus on
different interrelated facets of scholarly work where these paradoxes take
shape: problem setting and conceptualization, the hierarchy of scholarly
publications, the definition of excellence through citation patterns,
scientific conferences, and lastly, funding schemes for research. We argue
that the social and the political organization of the World System of Science
jeopardizes free access to multiple and plural perspectives of the social. A
potential source of ideas, theories, and paradigms is hampered by the
hierarchical division of labor between scientists in the centers of science
and their peers in semiperipheral countries, whose knowledge remains
unutilized and sidelined.
Culturalism: From idea to unconscious presupposition
Authors: Eriksen Jens-Martin , Stjernfelt Frederik
Published: January 2011

The authors argue that the ideas found in the harder versions of
multiculturalism have already been supported by the mid-20th century
social-cultural anthropology - both in the scholarly works and in the
political activism of its proponents. This form of cultural relativism,
making the leap from anthropological method to ontological claims about the
organic essence of cultures, is hereby named ?culturalism?. By this notion
the authors understand a theory of culture that includes central
anthropological ideas: a culture precedes and determines individuals
belonging to it; cultures have unlimited freedom to generate differences,
uninhibited by any human nature; cultures form closed, organic units where
all their different articulations, from gastronomy to theology, form an
unbreakable whole which implies that these value systems are unique and in no
way may be compared with, or judged against, other value systems. Cultural
relativism formulated in the American anthropology of the 1940?s and onwards
is far from being a simple doctrine. It consists of a whole cluster of
loosely connected facts, axioms, propositions, ranging from the completely
unproblematic, to strongly problematic and even hardly understandable ideas.
All those statements have been critically scrutinized in this paper.
Old values for new times: Svetislav Stefanovic, once and nowadays
Authors: Milosavljevic Olivera
Published: January 2011

After the fall of communism and the collapse of Yugoslavia, the ? new?
Serbian elite made a demarcation towards the former state in all aspects,
including its interpretation of the past. This phenomenon is especially
present in reevaluations of the fascist ideology of 1930s which is often
relativized to the point of unrecognizability by adducing positive facts. A
characteristic example discussed in this paper is the defense of Dr Svetislav
Stefanovic?s ideological principles by his contemporary biographers.
Citation analysis of the University of Pristina located in Kosovska Mitrovica
Authors: Djurdjevic Dusan
Published: January 2011

Paper gives the results of the first ever performed scientometric research
and citation analysis and assessment of the full-time faculty of the
University of Pristina located in Kosovska Mitrovica (University of KM).
Lists of most cited scientists, researchers and Professors employed at the
University of KM are presented, as well as lists of their most cited
scientific papers. Scientometrics results are obtained by using well-known
and efficient web browsers and index citation databases. H-index and G-index
are calculated for individuals and for the entire University of KM. The
results presented in this paper are only a part of results obtained in the
pioneering research aimed to assess the quality of individuals and activities
at the University of KM by using up-to-date scientometric and bibliometric
methods. The main objective of the research is to enhance the transparency of
research, scientific and teaching activities at the University of KM.
Objective evidence on the University of KM and other Serbian universities is
absolutely necessary in order to put together an adequate action plan to
improve the quality of higher education and university system in the Republic
of Serbia.
A note on embeddings for the Augmented Lagrange Method
Authors: Bouza-Allende Gemayqzel , Guddat Jurgen
Published: January 2011

Nonlinear programs (P) can be solved by embedding problem P into one
parametric problem P(t), where P(1) and P are equivalent and P(0), has an
evident solution. Some embeddings fulfill that the solutions of the
corresponding problem P(t) can be interpreted as the points computed by the
Augmented Lagrange Method on P. In this paper we study the Augmented
Lagrangian embedding proposed in [6]. Roughly speaking, we investigated the
properties of the solutions of P(t) for generic nonlinear programs P with
equality constraints and the characterization of P(t) for almost every
quadratic perturbation on the objective function of P and linear on the
functions defining the equality constraints.
An EOQ inventory model for items with ramp type demand, three-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration and starting with shortage
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Kumar Mukesh
Published: January 2011

In this present paper an inventory model is developed with ramp type demand,
starting with shortage and three - parameter Weibull distribution
deterioration. A brief analysis of the cost involved is carried out by an
example.
Evaluating total operational value and associated risks of financial holding companies in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Li-Hui
Published: January 2011

This study comprises several different parts. The first part applies a normal
benchmark valuation model established by Penman to assess the potential whole
operational values of FHCs. The second part applies the concept of measuring
financial risk as earnings variance to establish a financial risk measurement
model. This model can be used to examine the degrees of financial risk before
and after FHC?s establishment, and to distinguish different combinations of
FHC based on risk diversion efficiency. The final part of this research
constructs a new value-risk relation model that can be applied to
cross-analysis for measuring total operation value of FHCs with different
degrees of financial risk. Through completion of the above steps this study
will demonstrate what combination of FHC offers the co-benefits of risk
diversion and high whole operational value.
Questioning a White Male Advantage in STEM
Authors: Riegle-Crumb Catherine , King Barbara
Published: January 2011

The authors analyze national data on recent college matriculants to investigate gender and racial/ethnic disparities in STEM fields, with an eye toward the role of academic preparation and attitudes in shaping such disparities. Results indicate that physical science/engineering (PS/E) majors are dominated by men, but not, however, disproportionately by White men. After accounting for high school preparation, the odds of declaring a PS/E major are two times greater for Black males than for White males, and Black females are closer than White females to closing the gap with White males. The authors find virtually no evidence that math attitudes contribute to disparities in choice of a PS/E major. Finally, in contrast to PS/E fields, biological sciences draw relatively equitably from all groups.
Prevalence Of Hematological Disorder: A Bone Marrow Study Of 177 Cases In A Private Hospital At Faridpur
Authors: Kibria SG , Islam MDU , Chowdhury ASMJ , Ali MY , Haque MR , Mustanzid SM , Ali SY
Published: January 2011

Bone marrow examination of 177 cases of suspected hematological disorders was carried out in a private hospital at Faridpur from May 2007 to August 2009. Among the malignant hematological disorders, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) was the most common disorders (27.69%) followed by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (9.04%), MDS (7.91%), CML (7.34%) and Multiple Myeloma (1.69%). Among the non-malignant hematological disorders, Combined (both iron and folic acid and /or Vitamin B12) deficiency anemia was the most common disorders (24.87%) followed by Aplastic anemia (10.74%), ITP (6.21%), and Kala-azar (2.82%). DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6806Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):11-13
A Comparative Study Among Different Invasive Methods For The Diagnosis Of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Islam MDU , Rahman SHZ , Shamsuzzaman SM , Muazzam N , Kibria SG , Hossain MT , Ahmed N , Sarkar AR , Nahar S
Published: January 2011

H. pylori infection occurs worldwide. Approximately 50% of the world population is infected with this organism. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 81 dyspeptic patients attending at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, for diagnostic endoscopy. H. pylori infection was measured by three invasive methods: culture, rapid urease test & histopathology. Among study patients maximum (34.57%) H. pylori infected were in 21-30 years age group, bearing male female ratio 1: 92.86. Forty four (54.32%) out of 81 were culture positive, 61 (75.31%) were rapid urease test positive and 62 (76.54%) were histopathology positive. By using 'gold standard' definition, 64 (79.02%) were H. pylori infected, 17 were un-infected. Finally comparing among three invasive methods, all are highly sensitive and specific to diagnose H. pylori infection. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6809Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):21-24
Drugs In Pregnancy
Authors: Pramanik DR , Saha JC
Published: January 2011

In 1991 WHO International Survey of Drug Utilization in Pregnancy is 86% of women took medication during pregnancy, Average of 2.9 prescriptions and despite this high rate of medication intake, most drugs are not labeled for use during pregnancy. Most women use a number of different medications during pregnancy, many of which are self-administered. It is essential to consider the following factors before prescription of drugs during pregnancy. A) Dose and duration of drug exposure is important. The larger the dose is more likely the effects. The longer the duration of drug exposure is greater chance of susceptible periods of organogenesis and developmental problem. B) Timing of exposure is very crucial. Certain organ systems may have only limited period of susceptibility for damage. C) Pathogenetic mechanism, teratogens produce their adverse effect by specific mechanism. D) Host susceptibility, variability in the genetic factors related to mechanism of certain drugs. All drugs can affects the health of the mother and fetus, therefore any drugs should be administer with care during pregnancy. Key words: Drug; pregnancy; congenital malformation; fetus DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6811Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):29-31
Retrograde Jejunogastric Intussusception: A Case Report
Authors: Pervin SS , Biswas SK , Ahmed S , Khandokar D
Published: January 2011

Jejunogastric Intussusceptions is a rare but potentially life threatening complication of a previous gastrectomy or gastrojejunostomy. A 70 years old man presented with severe epigastric pain followed by haematemesis, 8 years after truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy for pyloric stenosis. Ultrasonography revealed dilated stomach with a large intragastric mass which has minimal peristaltic movement. Endoscopy of upper GIT revealed prolapsed segment of jejunal loops through the gastrojejunostomy stoma. Laparotomy disclosed a retrograde type II jejunogastric intussusception and was managed by reduction of jejunogastric intussusception, resection of gangrenous segment and end to end anastomosis. Post operative recovery was uneventful. Retrograde jejunogastric intussusceptions is a rare condition and around 200 cases has been reported since its first description in 1914. Urgent recognition and surgical treatment is mandatory to reduce the mortality rate from this complication. Key words: Retrograde Jejunogastric Intussusception; gastrojejunostomy; gastric surgery. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6812Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):32-34
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg's Syndrome) - A Case Report
Authors: Saha R , Alam S , Hossain MA
Published: January 2011

The Lateral medullary syndrome is not a very common stroke. Sometimes it is under diagnosed. Mr. Ibrahim Mollah, 50 years old male person, non diabetic, non hypertensive but smoker presented with the history of sudden onset of dysphagia, dysarthria and ataxia of the gait. He is clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a case of Lateral medullary syndrome (Ischaemic stroke). With treatment this patient improved significantly. It is commonly caused by occlusion of the cranial segment of the vertebral artery or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The occlusion may be due to thrombosis or embolism. The emboli are coming from the heart or the great vessels. We can diagnose Lateral medullary syndrome with expert clinical eye and CT/MRI of the brain. It should be managed with appropriate treatment and physiotherapy. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6813Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):35-36
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Authors: Ferdous Afia , Imam Mohammad Zafar , Ahmed Tajnin
Published: January 2011

In the present investigation the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride and choloroform soluble fractions of crude methanolic extract of Samanea saman bark were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant activity test. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion method against thirteen bacteria and three fungi and cytotoxicity was tested by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Chloroform and hexane soluble fraction showed IC50 value of 12μg/ml and 14μg/ml respectively in scavenging DPPH radical while the reference Butylated hydroxytoluene showed an IC50 value of 10μg/ml. The carbon tetrachloride fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity. The carbon tetrachloride fraction was also found to possess mild to moderate microbial growth inhibitory capacity. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble fractions showed LC50 value of 14.94μg/ml, 0.831μg/ml and 3.288μg/ml respectively. The results suggest good antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of chloroform and hexane soluble fractions and antimicrobial activity of carbon tetrachloride fraction of Samanea saman bark extract. Key Words: Samanea saman; Leguminoseae; Cytotoxicity; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Total antioxidant capacity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6792S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 11-17
Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Capsule Gurmar - A New Anti-diabetic Formulation of Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh
Authors: Afroze Mirola , Kabiraz Mridul , Islam Robiul , Ghani Abdul
Published: January 2011

Capsule Gurmar is a new polyherbal Unani formulation developed by the R&D department of Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh for management and treatment of diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and analgesic, antioxidant, neuropharmacological, cytotoxic, and hypoglycemic properties of the formulation using standard methods. Phytochemical tests on the hydromethanolic extract of the contents of the capsules showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in the formulation. When tested by acetic acid-induced Writhing test, the extract at higher dose (400mg/kg) showed mild analgesic activity compared to standard drug Diclofenac-Na (10mg/kg). But, by Tail immersion method, the extract at the same dose showed moderate analgesic activity compared to the standard drug, Nalbuphine at 10mg/kg body weight. The Gurmar capsule extract exhibited high total antioxidant capacity (622.326 mg/g) and had high flavonoid (386.43 mg/g) and phenol (184.60 mg/g) contents. In the Hole cross and Open field tests, the extract displayed significant suppression of locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour of the mice. When subjected to Brine shrimp Lethality Bioassay, the extract was found to be significantly toxic to Brine shrimp nauplii (having L50 value of 3.16μg/ml). Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) demonstrated quite strong hypoglycemic activity of the formulation, which significantly lowered the blood glucose level of the treated mice both at doses of 100 mg and 200mg/kg body weight. The hypoglycemic effect was comparable to that of the standard oral hypoglycemic drug, Metformin hydrochloride at the dose of 100mg/kg. These results indicate that Capsule Gurmar possesses mild analgesic, antioxidant, CNS depressant, cytotoxic, and hypoglycemic properties. Key words: capsule Gurmar; chemical constituents; pharmacological properties; hypoglycemic effects. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6794S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 18-27
Formulation Development of Verapamil Hydrochloride Tablet by Effervescent Method
Authors: Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Huda Naz Hasan , Jhanker Yeakuty Marzan , Shamin Kamrunnahar
Published: January 2011

Fast disintegrating tablets of Verapamil Hydrochloride were designed to achieve increased absorption as well as quick onset of pharmacological action of the active ingredient with a view to enhance patient compliance by effervescent method. Different combinations and ratios of sodium bicarbonate, anhydrous citric acid, sodium starch glycolate, Micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose were used in order to get optimum result. The prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, diameter, taste of the solution to be administered and in-vitro dispersion time. The acceptable dispersion time was achieved by using a combination of citric acid and sodium bi carbonate in the same amount along with sodium starch glycolate, micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) & lactose. Acceptable taste of the solution to be administered was obtained with a combination of sucrose, aspartame and sodium saccharine. Key words: Effervescent method; Verapamil Hydrochloride; Dispersion time DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6795S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 34-37
Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn.
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Rahman Muhammad Ashikur , Parvin Most. Nazma , Sarwar Shammy
Published: January 2011

Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. The current study was aimed to evaluate the possible anthelmintic effects of crude fresh juice of leaves of Clitoria ternatea Linn. using of adult earth worm Pheretima Posthuma. Three concentrations (25, 50, 100mg/ml) of juice were studied for the determination of time of paralysis and death of the earth worms. Albendazole in same concentration as that of juice was considered as standard reference and normal saline as control. The result of the present study reveals that fresh juice significantly showed paralysis and also caused death of worms especially at higher concentraton of 100mg/ml, as compared to standard reference Albendazole. Key words: Clitoria ternatea; anthelmintic; earthworm; paralysis; Albendazole. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6797S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 46-48
Patients' Knowledge and Awareness towards Use of Antibiotics in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in Three Tertiary Healthcare Centers in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Moni Rani , Sarwar Shammy , Shill Manik Chandra , Shahriar Mohammad
Published: January 2011

This study is aimed to estimate general knowledge and awareness of patients regarding use of antibiotics to find out possible reasons of irrational use of antibiotics in Bangladesh. It was a questionnaire based crosssectional health survey conducted on 350 subjects aged 18 or over who came to get service at three tertiary healthcare centers named Dhaka Medical College (DMC) Hospital, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) Mitford Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was found from the study that the general knowledge of the patients about the indication of antibiotics was very poor. Majority of the patients did not know the appropriate use of antibiotics. Only 26% respondents answered correctly that antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections. In addition, 38.97% of them also did not know that an antibiotic is a prescription drug and should not be used without doctor’s prescription. The awareness about the patients towards use of antibiotics was also poor. A very high percentage of the patients (51.71%) answered that they do not complete the full course of therapy. Surprisingly, 39.14% of the patients replied that they stop antibiotics when the symptoms disappear and remarkably 14.29% just make the dose double if they forget to take due dose. On the other hand, 28.86% of the patients said that they do not maintain dosing schedule during the course of therapy. Moreover, prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in cold and fever was also extremely high (60.86%). This study indicates that there is an urgent need of health education for the community to increase knowledge and awareness about use of antibiotics to decrease the self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Key words: Antibiotics; General Knowledge; Awareness; Tertiary Healthcare Center; Health Education DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6799S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 54-58
Current Status of Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Streptococcus pneumonia Strains Collected from Clinical Sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Shahriar Mohammad , Madak Manasi , Haque Anika , Kabir Shaila , Saha Moni Rani
Published: January 2011

A study of antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains from clinical specimens was carried out to facilitate the preference of antimicrobial drugs in the management of S. pneumoniae induced infections. The duration of the study was about 12 months starting from March 2009 to March 2010. The results of the study show that tetracycline and chloramphenicol had a low sensitivity (20% and 22%, respectively) to S. pneumoniae while a moderate sensitivity was found for azithromycin (50%), erythromycin (54%), cotrimoxazole (58%), cefuroxime (62%), and cefaclor (62%). However, the highest sensitivity was observed for ceftriaxone (92%) followed by levofloxacin (74%) and ceftazidime (70%). This study reveals the growing antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh and refers not to use the antimicrobial drugs that show insufficient sensitivity against S. pneumoniae to prevent resistance and associated treatment failure. Key words: Streptococcus pneumoniae; antimicrobial sensitivity; clinical isolates. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6800S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 59-62
La renaissance de la culture religieuse : une paroisse de l'Église orthodoxe russe dans les environs de Moscou
Authors: Sergazina Ksenija
Published: January 2011

Sur la base d'une enquête qualitative dans la paroisse du village de Frjanovo, dans la région de Moscou, nous analysons les caractéristiques culturelles de l'orthodoxie russe et les stratégies de renaissance religieuse au niveau local entre 1991 et 2004. On peut distinguer deux périodes marquées par des différences tant dans la pratique liturgique que dans le discours religieux et dans les relations entre le clergé et les laïcs. La renaissance de la culture religieuse a successivement évolué dans deux directions différentes. Le premier courant cherchait à conserver la tradition locale : les coutumes, les principes et les idées qui s'étaient perpétués au sein de la famille. Le second courant, en revanche, tend à installer une nouvelle culture religieuse, « d'en haut », en créant de nouveaux textes (livres, émissions de télévision, prêches) et de « nouveaux croyants ». En donnant un sens neuf aux substrats anciens, on construit une nouvelle culture pensée comme un retour à la tradition des ancêtres, comme une renaissance de la culture russe, dont le but final est l'établissement d'un État orthodoxe.
L'archimandrite Naum et les « naumovcy » comme quintessence du phénomène contemporain du starčestvo
Authors: Mitrokhin Nikolaj
Published: January 2011

The Naum archimandrite and "naumovtsy" as the quintessence of the contemporary starchestvo phenomenon

The starchestvo, an informal religious practice in the Russian Orthodox Church, is a phenomenon that, parallel to official theological doctrines, fits into a system of practices and beliefs called "popular Orthodoxy". This practice is far from homogeneous. The influence of spiritual fathers is of overriding importance. Officially belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church, these priests exercise an influence (recognized by the episcopate itself) over the faithful and the clergy. They have set up their own system of Church administration. By concentrating on one example, the Naum archimandrite (Bajborodin), the relations between the starets and his disciples are studied so as to analyze both his influence on Church activities, even in the political and social fields, and the psychological mechanisms used to rule over followers.
Le prêtre et l' orthodoxie populaire » dans le diocèse de Riazan
Authors: Sibireva Ol'ga
Published: January 2011

L'article est consacré à l'influence réciproque des traditions « populaire » et « canonique » de l'orthodoxie. Il met en évidence les diverses formes de religiosité à partir de l'appréhension qu'ont les croyants des sacrements, des rites et des fêtes ainsi que de la vénération des saints. L'auteur s'intéresse aux différentes attitudes des serviteurs du culte face à la religion dite populaire. Cette étude est fondée sur des entretiens menés en 2002-2004 avec des membres du clergé et des laïcs du diocèse de Riazan ainsi que sur des publications de la presse locale, orthodoxe et séculière.
Les lieux saints des clans routouls : pratiques religieuses hybrides chez les musulmans daghestanais
Authors: Bobrovnikov Vladimir Olegovič
Published: January 2011

Le culte des saints (awliya') constitue dans l'islam une sorte de défi intellectuel pour les savants musulmans (oulémas) ainsi que pour les orientalistes. En identifiant les particularités post-soviétiques de ce culte, l'auteur a pour objectif de réviser les approches modernes de la « renaissance » islamique dans le Caucase du Nord à la fin du XXe siècle. S'appuyant sur les matériaux recueillis sur le terrain auprès d'un petit peuple montagnard, les Routouls du Sud-Daghestan, il cherche à comprendre ce que signifie aujourd'hui la religiosité musulmane au niveau micro-social d'une communauté kolkhozienne ou d'un clan rural. Il s'intéresse surtout aux types de sanctuaires de la vallée de Samour, leur architecture et leurs rites, aux récits légendaires concernant les cheikhs enterrés dans cette région, aux fonctions sociales des lieux saints et à leur lien avec le soufisme. Le cas routoul de la pratique musulmane post-soviétique révèle son caractère hybride. N'appartenant ni aux survivances pré-islamiques, ni aux rites des confréries soufies, celle-ci témoigne de la transformation globale de la société musulmane locale sous l'influence des réformes modernes laïcisantes. Pour mieux cerner la mosaïque religieuse post-soviétique, il faut renoncer définitivement aux oppositions simplistes entre islam traditionnel et islam moderne, islam du Livre et islam populaire.
La grande transformation de l'Europe centrale et orientale : succès et désillusions
Authors: Kornai J.
Published: January 2011

L'auteur commence par examiner les changements survenus en Europe centrale et orientale dans le contexte de l'histoire .mondiale. L'analyse historique comparative à laquelle il procède confirme sans l'ombre d'un doute que la transformation eut un caractère unique. Elle fut la seule transformation totale qui se déroula pacifiquement, sans violence et, en même temps, incroyablement vite, induisant des changements politiques et économiques conformes à la direction principale de la dvilisation occidentale. À cet égard, sa réussite est exemplaire. Toutefois, du point de vue de la vie quotidienne, le résultat est moins probant. Une part considérable de la population est confrontée à de graves difficultés économiques. L'impression d'avoir beaucoup perdu est intensifiée par divers problèmes cognitifs. Si l'on se fonde sur l'expérience de la génération actuelle, il serait malvenu de qualifier ce changement de réussite indiscutable. Les deux approches sont justifiées mais il serait erroné de les confondre et de les évaluer à la même aune.
Héritages, réformes, institutions : un bilan de quinze années de transition
Authors: Maurel Mathilde
Published: January 2011

La période de transition vers l'économie de marché qui s'est ouverte dans les années 1990 s'est traduite par l'apparition de trajectoires différenciées et l'accentuation des inégalités entre les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale (PECO) et ceux de l'ex-URSS. Quels sont les facteurs explicatifs de ces différentes trajectoires ? D'abord, la stabilisation macroéconomique et, plus généralement, l'application du consensus de Washington, condition nécessaire du redressement économique mais dont l'efficacité varie selon les pays. Ensuite, les changements institutionnels qui vont dans le sens du durcissement de la contrainte budgétaire. Ainsi le processus de création de valeur ne peut se passer du respect et de l'application sans faille des droits de propriété. Enfin, l'héritage historique et géographique qui détermine aussi bien la probabilité de faire des réformes que de durcir les institutions et explique une part substantielle de la variance dans les trajectoires de croissance.
La dé-dollarisation : les expériences du Vietnam, de l'Ukraine et de la Roumanie
Authors: Duchêne Gérard , Goujon Michaël
Published: January 2011

La plupart des économies en transition ont été frappées au début de leur transformation par le développement de la dollarisation, qui constitue une contrainte pour la gestion macroéconomique. Dans cet article, nous présentons l'expérience de trois économies, le Vietnam, la Roumanie et l'Ukraine, qui ont été particulièrement marquées par ce phénomène et ont entrepris de mener une politique de dé-dollarisation avec un relatif succès. Nous montrons que le processus de dollarisation répond aux anticipations de dépréciation du taux de change et au taux d'intérêt sur les dépôts en monnaie nationale. Même s'il apparaît inertiel et ne semble que peu réagir aux réglementations, le processus de dollarisation n'est pas irréversible. Par conséquent, la politique de change et la politique de taux d'intérêt semblent être les instruments adéquats à la mise en œuvre d'une politique de dédollarisation.
Jamais à midi : sur la nature et les causes de l'informel dans la transition
Authors: Campos Nauro F.
Published: January 2011

II est communément admis que la nature et les causes du secteur informel dans les économies en transition sont les mêmes que dans les pays en développement. Cette analyse est remise ici en question. Premièrement, l'auteur estime que leur nature diffère : alors que les activités informelles dans les pays en développement sont intensives en travail, dans les économies en transition, elles sont intensives en capital. Deuxièmement, il avance que la cause principale de l'informel dans la transition n'est pas une ingérence publique excessive (comme dans les pays en développement) mais l'absence d'une tradition de l'État de droit. L'auteur défend ce point de vue et présente des données économétriques qui confirment qu'il s'agit là d'une piste de recherche plus prometteuse.
Le système des indicateurs de niveau de vie en France : expérience et enseignements pour la mesure de la pauvreté en Russie
Authors: Dell Fabien , Verger Daniel
Published: January 2011

Cet article tente de comparer les problèmes méthodologiques qui surgissent quand l'on mesure la pauvreté dans des contextes très différents : la France et la Russie. Nous présentons les bonnes pratiques de mesure de la pauvreté multi- dimensionnelle en France, telles qu'elles sont utilisées de manière régulière par l'INSEE. Par ailleurs, nous tâchons de réfléchir à la manière dont ces méthodes pourraient être adaptées au contexte russe pour permettre des comparaisons convaincantes des niveaux et de la nature de la pauvreté. Nous concluons que l'harmonisation doit être réalisée au niveau des principes qui sous-tendent le choix d'un outil de mesure particulier.