bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
rK39 Antigen for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Using Human Saliva
Authors: Vaish Manisha , Singh Om Prakash , Chakravarty Jaya , Sundar Shyam
Published: April 2012

The rK39 rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) is now being widely used in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using serum. We evaluated the presence of anti-rK-39 antibody in human saliva being noninvasive to replace the invasive procedures of diagnosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ICT assays were performed in 300 subjects: 114-confirmed VL patients, 95 and 47 healthy controls from endemic and nonendemic regions, respectively, and 44 subjects with different diseases. Sensitivity in saliva was 83.3% by ELISA and 82.5% by ICT, compared with 100% for both ICT and ELISA in serum. Specificity in saliva was 100%, 90.5%, and 88.6% with ELISA, and 91.48%, 91.57%, and 84.06% using ICT, in nonendemic, endemic, and different diseases, respectively. In serum, specificity was 97%, 88.5%, and 89% by ELISA and 100%, 94.7%, and 95.5% by ICT in nonendemic, endemic, and different diseases, respectively. Saliva is not suitable for diagnosis of VL because of low sensitivity.
Identification of Oropouche Orthobunyavirus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Three Patients in the Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Bastos Michele de Souza , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Monte Rossicleia Lins , Lessa Natália , Pinto de Figueiredo Regina Maria , Gimaque João Bosco de Lima , Pivoto João Guilherme , Ramasawmy Rajendranath , Mourão Maria Paula Gomes
Published: April 2012

Oropouche fever is the second most frequent arboviral infection in Brazil, surpassed only by dengue. Oropouche virus (OROV) causes large and explosive outbreaks of acute febrile illness in cities and villages in the Amazon and Central-Plateau regions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 110 meningoencephalitis patients were analyzed. The RNA extracted from fluid was submitted to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing to identify OROV. Three CSF samples showed the presence of OROV causing infection in the central nervous system (CNS). These patients are adults. Two of the patients had other diseases affecting CNS and immune systems: neurocysticercosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the OROV from the CSF of these patients belonged to genotype I. We show here that severe Oropouche disease is occurring during outbreaks of this virus in Brazil
Using Computerized Provider Order Entry to Enforce Documentation of Tests with Pending Results at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Asirwa C. , Li X. , Kesterson J. , Tierney W.M. , Were M.C. , Cadwallader J.
Published: April 2012

Background: Small numbers of tests with pending results are documented in hospital discharge summaries leading to breakdown in communication and medical errors due to inadequate followup.

Objective: Evaluate effect of using a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system to enforce documentation of tests with pending results into hospital discharge summaries.

Methods: We assessed the percent of all tests with pending results and those with actionable results that were documented before (n = 182 discharges) and after (n = 203 discharges) implementing the CPOE-enforcement tool. We also surveyed providers (n = 52) about the enforcement functionality.

Results: Documentation of all tests with pending results improved from 12% (87/701 tests) before to 22% (178/812 tests) (p = 0.02) after implementation. Documentation of tests with eventual actionable results increased from 0% (0/24) to 50% (14/28)(p<0.001). Survey respondents felt the intervention improved quality of summaries, provider communication, and was not time-consuming. Conclusions: A CPOE tool enforcing documentation of tests with pending results into discharge summaries significantly increased documentation rates, especially of actionable tests. However, gaps in documentation still exist.
External triggering of substorms identified using modern optical versus geosynchronous particle data
Authors: Gallardo-Lacourt B. , Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Donovan E.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Previous works on substorm triggering have shown that more than 50% of the substorms are triggered by a northward turning of the IMF Bz; However, recent studies have found a much lower percentage. We have examined triggering using three different onset lists: The THEMIS All Sky Image (ASI) list, substorm onsets from IMAGE-FUV, and events with large geosynchronous injections. We analyzed these onset lists with three different triggering criteria: (1) a criteria based on Lyons et al. criteria; (2) a relaxation of the Lyons et al. criteria based on the visual criteria proposed by Hsu et al.; and (3) a further relaxation of the Lyons et al. criteria, requiring the same conditions proposed in the visual criteria by Hsu et al. but without the growth phase southward IMF requirements. Appling the Lyons et al. criteria we find that only 17% and 22% of the substorms are triggered in the THEMIS ASIs and IMAGE-FUV onset lists respectively, consistent with the recent studies. However, the percentage reached nearly 50% when we applied relaxed criteria, suggesting that it is possible that the Lyons et al. criteria are too strict to identify all IMF triggered events. The triggering percentage for the events with large injections reached up to 60% applying the relaxed criteria, a result suggesting the possibility that triggers are more easily identified, or that triggering is more common for larger than for smaller substorm events. We have also found evidence that larger substorms may be more likely to be non-triggered under mostly southward IMF conditions than for other IMF conditions.
Potential of Wind and Solar Electricity Generation in Bangladesh
Authors: Nandi Sanjoy Kumar , Hoque Mohammad Nasirul , Ghosh Himangshu Ranjan , Roy Swapan Kumar
Published: April 2012

Wind and solar energies are the alternative energy sources that can be used to supplement the conventional energy sources particularly in Bangladesh. In this work, the aim is to assess the current wind and solar energy potential in Bangladesh. The wind data for the five stations obtained from Local Government Engineering Department have been assessed, but only two of them seem to be eligible for energy production. Annual average, monthly average, and hourly average wind speeds and wind power densities were calculated from the wind data. The Weibull distribution parameters (c and k), the dominant wind directions, and the frequency distributions were also determined. Experimentally measured solar radiation data are not available over Bangladesh. Measured climatological data such as cloud cover and sunshine duration data of Bangladesh Meteorological Department from 1992 to 2001 used for the estimation of global solar radiation as they are correlated. Technoeconomic feasibility analysis is done for 100 kW grid connected wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Renewable-energy-based system will bring more environmental benefits than conventional power in terms of human health, reduction of air pollution, and decrease of noise, and so forth. However, in the above estimation, these were not considered.
Today and Future of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Liu Kang , Xie Bolin
Published: April 2012

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50 in developed countries. Understanding of the pathologic process, genetic mechanisms, and risk factors of this disease has the benefit of seeking newer and more effective treatment options. Current clinical therapy for AMD shows a dramatic change from a decade ago. Anti-VEGF drug therapy is regarded as the more effective treatment for neovascular AMD now, especially combining PDT therapy. In the future, the genetic and biochemical therapies may be the promising treatments for AMD. This paper will focus on the progress of pathology, candidate genes of AMD, risk factors, and the existing drugs or surgical therapies available, in order to present some new directions of care with the prospect of improved vision in many patients suffered from AMD.
Orphée au Brésil
Authors: Villeneuve Johanne
Published: April 2012

L’article qui suit propose une étude du film Orfeu Negro de Marcel Camus (1959) et une réflexion théorique sur le rapport entre cinéma et oralité. Film de fiction inspiré par une certaine ethnographie, Orfeu Negro transpose le mythe d’Orphée dans un Brésil aussi actuel qu’intemporel. À travers sa rencontre avec le Brésil, ses acteurs, musiciens et danseurs, Camus révèle le caractère orphique d’un cinéma dansé et chanté ; il exalte le carnaval, le corps et le chamanisme ; il renoue avec le caractère enchanté d’une culture que nous nous proposons de décrire ici et qui contraste avec la culture européenne à laquelle le réalisateur appartient.
Rêver en psychanalyse : entre l’ogre et la princesse
Authors: Lanctôt Bélanger Marie Claire
Published: April 2012

Évoquant des créateurs tels que Strindberg, Bergman, Stevenson, l’auteur se demande pourquoi les peintres, les cinéastes, les poètes, les musiciens et les auteurs écrivent-ils leurs rêves ? Sur quelle vérité le rêve se forme-t-il ? Puis, en travaillant deux rêves personnels, un rêve d’enfance apporté en analyse et un de fin de cure, les principales notions du rêve seront reprises pour illustrer comment le rêve se nourrit de pulsionnel et d’infantile. En association avec un élément d’un rêve, Marie Bonaparte est évoquée dans son difficile rapport au sexe féminin. Enfin, le texte se conclut sur le rêve comme pensée de la nuit et espace de transformation.
Recherche sur la violence familiale : contribution des différentes épistémologies
Authors: Poulin Carmen , Ross Lynda R.
Published: April 2012

Knowledge, over the last century, has been grounded mainly in the institution of empirical science. This epistemological tradition is tightly linked to positivism and objectivity. Feminists from various disciplines, including that of Criminology, have become disillusioned in the ability of traditional empiricism to produce knowledge that is relevant, historically and socially, to women, and based in their everyday experience. Feminists have proposed alternative epistemological frameworks to explore questions driven by political feminist agendas. In the present article, an overview of these new epistemological frameworks is presented to develop an evaluation grid. Using this grid, studies from different traditions in the area of family violence and violence against women are examined and critiqued to determine how each epistemological framework can advance (or not) the feminist agenda.
La violence dans la communauté militaire
Authors: Harrison Deborah
Published: April 2012

This paper applies a broad definition of violence to the physically and economically vulnerable situation of Canadian military wives. Its reports some of the results of an institutional ethnography of Canadian military wives ' work which was carried out during the early 1990s, and which made some important discoveries about how the military's priorities and forms of organization structure the way the military treats wives, tries to control wives, and benefits from wives' unpaid work. The military's major priority, combat readiness, necessitates the control the military exercises over its members and the specific mechanism of military control known as combat unit bonding. Combat bonding is in turn characterized by cultural homogeneity and its corollaries of sexism, racism, derogation of, and violence against women. Nevertheless, the military extends a diluted form of combat bonding to military wives, in order to exert control over them and appropriate their unpaid labour, loyalty — and frequently, silence. Combat-related obsession with unit morale also often translates into the cover-up of problems, which is a consideration that adds to the isolation of the many survivors of woman abuse who are members of the military community. The greater public accountability of the Canadian military which may result from the Somalia Inquiry makes this an especially opportune time to study woman abuse and other forms of family violence in the Canadian military community.
Canadian Cosmopoiesis: Meditations on Cuisine and Architecture
Authors: Frascari Marco
Published: April 2012

Architecture and cuisine manifest themselves in the making; both evolve and last in the form of memories, tastes, and time, which generate cosmopoietic feats able to fashion signifying universes out of the sensual material of the world, and both are based on thinking with things rather than thinking about things. They are expressions of the human sapience for transforming terrestrial materials and products into edifying substances. They are both world-making expressions of a “maternal region” and, consequently, Canadian architecture can be understood through Canadian cuisine and Canadian cuisine through Canadian architecture.
Pierre Mercure, Gilles Tremblay, et quelques autres compositeurs canadiens aux Ferienkurse à Darmstadt dans les années 1950 et 1960
Authors: Boivin Jean
Published: April 2012

Dans les années 1950 et 1960, décennies cruciales dans l’histoire de la musique contemporaine, plusieurs compositeurs canadiens ont participé aux célèbres cours d’été de musique contemporaine à Darmstadt en Allemagne (les Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik), dont Barbara Pentland, Gilles Tremblay, Norma Beecroft, Bruce Mather et Pierre Mercure. Les conférences, concerts, discussions et rencontres informelles auront un impact significatif sur leurs carrières et parcours respectifs. Le Suédois d’origine Bengt Hambraeus y assiste par exemple à la montée du sérialisme intégral et y côtoie Maderna et Nono. Pentland y découvre la musique de Webern tandis que Beecroft, Tremblay et Mather y entendent des oeuvres et conférences marquantes de Boulez et de Stockhausen. Des oeuvres de Hambraeus, Beecroft et Tremblay y sont jouées. Quant à Mercure, il assiste à Darmstadt aux cours d’analyse de Pierre Boulez, compose sa toute dernière oeuvre (basée sur l’improvisation) et prépare la création de la future Société de musique contemporaine du Québec.
Table ronde de 1961 autour d’Incandescence de Pierre Mercure
Authors: Gauthier Mario
Published: April 2012

Conçue et mise sur pied par le compositeur Pierre Mercure (1927-1966) du 3 au 8 août 1961, la Semaine internationale de musique actuelle de Montréal (SIMA) secoua auditeurs et critiques de son temps. Dans un contexte où la musique d’avant-garde avait alors à peine droit de cité, ce festival donna à voir et à entendre des oeuvres dont l’impact et l’influence se font encore sentir de nos jours. Maryvonne Kendergi, qui était alors commentatrice libre à la radio de Radio-Canada, eut l’idée de réunir autour de la même table Jean Beaudet, Eric McLean, Jean Vallerand et Pierre Mercure, dont le ballet Incandescence avait été donné en création le 6 août 1961. Nous proposons ici une transcription quasi intégrale des 35 minutes que Madame Kendergi a conservées de cet entretien. À notre connaissance, il n’a jamais été publié ou entendu dans sa totalité à ce jour.
Aborder la modernité : Triptyque et Lignes et points de Pierre Mercure
Authors: Cherney Brian
Published: April 2012

Les deux oeuvres pour orchestre Triptyque (1959) et Lignes et points (1964) illustrent les diverses façons qu’avait Pierre Mercure d’aborder l’héritage du modernisme musical. Un des traits fondamentaux de la musique d’allégeance moderniste – et une préoccupation qui relie les compositeurs des premières décennies du xxe siècle (Bartók, Stravinsky, Berg, Hindemith, Honnegger, etc.) avec ceux qui relèvent de l’avant-garde musicale de l’après-guerre – se trouve dans un souci de symétrie. Pour sa part, Mercure emploie des formes symétriques pour structurer les deux oeuvres étudiées dans cet article à divers niveaux. Dans Triptyque, la surface de la musique reste tout à fait traditionnelle, alors que plusieurs aspects de sa structure (un peu cachés) relèvent d’une sensibilité résolument moderniste. Dans Lignes et points, au contraire, la surface de la musique, les sons, les couleurs et les textures sont empreints d’un caractère moderne, voire avant-gardiste, alors que sa structure pour ainsi dire « souterraine » se résume à un thème et variations de confection tout à fait classique (bien que cette forme ne s’entende pas nécessairement comme telle). D’autres aspects de ces deux oeuvres révèlent l’influence sur Mercure de ses contemporains, tels que Karlheinz Stockhausen, Earle Brown et John Cage, dont Mercure a entendu les oeuvres lors de la Semaine internationale de musique actuelle (SIMA) qu’il a organisée en 1961.
Re-ordering the Landscape: Landed Elites and the New Urban Aristocracy in Manchester
Authors: O’Reilly Carole
Published: April 2012

This paper examines the relationship between the landed aristocracy in the vicinity of Manchester and the “urban aristocracy” of the municipal authority and their role in the development of municipal parks in the city in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It contests the view that landed elites had little impact on the development of the environs of Manchester during this period and argues that their social and economic influence was gradually replaced by that of the municipal authority in a reordering of the social landscape. It also re-examines the role of debt in the decline of the traditional landed elites and argues that, in the case of the two families studied here, debt became a problem much earlier than others have suggested and was often chronic and persistent.

The aristocracy of the Manchester area and the sales of their estates have been marginalized in existing histories, as this group has been perceived as peripheral to the city’s development. It is the contention of this paper that they played a more active role in their localities than previously believed and that they forged significant networks with local authorities, families, businesses, and institutions. Their economic relationships with the new business elite in Manchester, represented primarily but not solely by the municipal authority, provide an opportunity to examine the reordering of the social landscape as the landed elite sought to remove themselves from the city.

Having symbolized the social and economic power of the aristocracy, the land now represented the civic pride and enterprise of the municipal authority. This paper reveals the complex interplay of power between these elite groups and sheds a unique light on urban land usage and the formation of leisure spaces in the city.
La genèse de l’affectivité : tendance, pulsion et sentiment chez Fichte à l’époque d’Iéna
Authors: Dumont Augustin
Published: April 2012

À partir d’une discussion critique des traductions françaises usuelles du premier Fichte, cet article voudrait déployer à nouveaux frais chacune des étapes qui constituent la genèse transcendantale de l’affectivité chez cet auteur, essentiellement à partir de la Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre (1794) et de la Wissenschaftslehre Nova Methodo (1796-99). Les concepts de Tendenz, Trieb et Gefühl sont disséqués, analysés en profondeur, et inscrits dans la dynamique générale de l’imagination transcendantale.
Beyond Objective and Subjective: Assessing the Legitimacy of Religious Claims to Accommodation
Authors: Weinstock Daniel
Published: April 2012

There are at present two ways in which to evaluate religiously-based claims to accommodation in the legal context. The first, objective approach holds that these claims should be grounded in « facts of the matter » about the religions in question. The second, subjective approach, is grounded in an appreciation by the courts of the sincerity of the claimant. The first approach has the advantage of accounting for the difference between two constitutional principles : freedom of conscience on the one hand, and freedom of religion on the other. It has the disadvantage of transforming courts into expert bodies on religious matters. The subjective approach has a harder time accounting for the distinction. It also risks giving rise to a proliferation of claims. A plausible synthesis between the two approaches requires that we uncover the normative grounds justifying the granting by liberal democracies of religious accommodation. An analogous argument to that put forward by Kymlicka in the case of minority nations identifies the interest that citizens have in being able to exercise their « cultural agency » : the creative reappropriation and reinterpretation of the rituals, practices and norms of religious traditions.
HPLC‐SEC Characterization of Membrane Protein‐Detergent Complexes
Authors: Korepanova Alla , Matayoshi Edmund D.
Published: April 2012

Determination of the oligomeric state of integral membrane proteins in detergent solutions is a challenging task because the amount of detergent associated with the protein is typically unknown and unpredictable. Methods that estimate the molecular weight of proteins from their hydrodynamic properties in solution are not suitable for detergent‐solubilized membrane proteins. However, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) performed in combination with analyses of static light scattering (SLS), ultraviolet absorbance (UV), and refractive index (RI) provides a universal method for determination of the molar masses of biopolymers and protein‐detergent complexes. The light scattered by a protein is directly proportional to its molecular mass, irrespective of shape, and any additional contributions due to bound detergent molecules can be quantitatively accounted for by the additional combined analysis of ultraviolet absorbance and refractive index information. The primary intention of this unit is to describe how to apply the combination of high‐performance liquid chromatography SEC and SLS‐UV‐RI to evaluate molecular mass and the physicochemical heterogeneity of purified membrane protein‐detergent complexes. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 68:29.5.1‐29.5.12. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fabrication of Gelatin Microgels by a “Cast” Strategy for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Wang Anhe , Cui Yue , Li Junbai , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: April 2012

In this paper, we propose a “casting” strategy to prepare intrinsically fluorescent, uniform and porous gelatin microgels with multi‐responsiveness. Gelatin microgels with tunable size were obtained by copying the structure of a porous CaCO3 template. The diameter of the gelatin microgels was sensitive to salt concentration and pH. Doxorubicin and Rhodamine B as model drugs were loaded into the microgels via electrostatic interaction and release of the payload was triggered by changing the salt concentration and pH, respectively. Cell experiments demonstrated that the gelatin microgels had an excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. The merits of gelatin microgels such as tunable size, biocompatibility, and stimulus responsive upload and release of positively charged small molecules will permit the microgels as excellent carriers for drug delivery. The whole manufacturing process is furthermore environmental‐friendly involving no organic solvents and surfactants.
Modified mini‐lothrop/extended draf IIB procedure for contralateral frontal sinus disease: a case series
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Friedel Mark E. , Kuperan Arjuna B. , Govindaraj Satish , Folbe Adam J. , Liu James K.
Published: April 2012

Background:

Management of frontal sinus disease represents one of the most challenging aspects of endoscopic sinus surgery. In select cases, anatomic variations (outflow tract osteoneogenesis, scarring, fat prolapsed from previous orbital decompression) may hinder ipsilateral access using traditional endoscopic approaches. We previously proposed a modification of the standard Draf IIB procedure which incorporates a frontal intersinus septectomy (modified mini‐Lothrop procedure/extended Draf IIB) to access and manage recalcitrant unilateral frontal sinus obstruction inaccessible ipsilaterally in cadaver specimens. In this study, we describe this technique, and present a case series of 4 patients who benefited from this approach.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis at a large tertiary referral center was performed on all patients undergoing frontal sinus surgery between July 2008 and June 2011. Four patients with frontal sinus recess obstruction inaccessible from the ipsilateral side and treated with the modified mini‐Lothrop procedure/extended Draf IIB were identified.

Results:

All 4 patients underwent successful frontal sinusotomies via a Modified mini‐Lothrop procedure/extended Draf IIB without complications and had a patent drainage pathway assessed endoscopically after a mean follow‐up of 21 (range, 9‐28) months.

Conclusion:

The modified mini‐Lothrop procedure/extended Draf IIB represents a feasible approach and adequate alternative to more traditional endoscopic and open frontal sinus procedures in select cases. This modification was successful in addressing difficult to access unilateral frontal sinus disease in this small cohort. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
The effect of adding polysilane on heat fusion properties of various kinds of polyethylene
Authors: Katsuhisa Tokumitsu , Masahiro Yamada , Mika Nakamura , Kana Kobori
Published: April 2012

In this study, the affects that added polysilanes (PSis) (linear (Mw = 500–24,900, PMPS), cyclic (Mw = 900, PDPS), and networked (Mw = 1100, PPSi)) have on the heat‐fusion properties of various types of polyethylene (PE) materials (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, and UHMWPE) were investigated. Addition of PM‐5 (PMPS; Mw = 500) on the surface of PE films led to an increase in the peeling strength such that the modified films could not be peeled off even under the same conditions for which the PE films without PM‐5. This result indicated that the modified film could be heat‐fused at a much lower temperature than the neat sample. On addition of PDPS or PPSi of nearly the same molecular weight as PM‐5 to the surface of PE films, the peeling strength decreased dramatically and the modified films could not be heat‐fused any further than the neat PE samples under the same conditions. Moreover, for PMPSs of higher molecular weights, the peeling strength decreased dramatically with increasing molecular weight, and the modified PE films could not be heat‐fused and thus were readily peeled off. Through evaluation of electron probe microanalysis measurements, it was found that only PM‐5 (Mw = 500) can diffuse (migrate) into PE materials. Furthermore, the diffusion distance increased in the order LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, and HDPE and corresponded to the intensity of the molecular motion in the amorphous region (β relaxation) of each PE material. Consequently, it was deduced that only PM‐5 is compatible with PE and has the ability to migrate through the amorphous regions of PE materials, thus enabling this PSi to affect PE heat‐fusion properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mixed‐surfactant‐induced morphology change of polyaniline
Authors: Chen Chia‐Fu , Lei I‐Ann , Chiu Wen‐Yen
Published: April 2012

In this study, polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized in the presence of a mixture of two surfactants, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The morphology of PANI observed under transmission electron microscopy was found to be spherical and cylindrical shapes. At low DBSA concentrations (2 and 10 mM), the addition of SDS made it easier to obtain the cylindrical morphology of PANI. A scheme based on the deformation and coagulation of mixed micelles was proposed to explain the morphological change of PANI. In the system of 10 mM DBSA, when the SDS concentration was 2 mM, the tubular morphology of PANI was observed, whereas when the SDS concentration was increased, a fiber morphology of PANI was found. The relative ratio of anilinium cations to free aniline played a key role in whether the tube or fiber morphology existed. Finally, a significant improvement in the conductivity of PANI was achieved when PANI had a cylindrical morphology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of soy protein–celery composite paper sheet: Rheological behavior, mechanical, and heat‐sealing properties
Authors: Shao Cai , Yang Chuanmin , Wang Xinyu , Luo Peng
Published: April 2012

The rheological properties of soy protein spray‐coating dispersions were investigated as a function of concentration (10–13.75%) and temperature (30–60°C). The dispersions showed a shear‐thinning behavior. With the increase in concentration, the consistency coefficient (κH) values increased. An increasing in temperature led to an increasing flow behavior index (nH) and a decreasing κH. However, Cox–Merz rule was not applicable to the coating dispersions. Soy protein–celery composite paper sheet was prepared by spraying soy protein on the surface of the celery paper sheet. The cohesion of soy protein and celery fiber resulted in sealing of celery paper. The seal strength increased with the increase in soy protein concentration. The seal strength increased from 114.850 to 160.560 N/m, when the soy protein concentration increased from 10 to 13.75%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Estimating the Attraction Domain for the Boost Inverter
Authors: Albea C. , Gordillo F.
Published: April 2012

This work presents an approach for estimating the domain of attraction for polynomial systems with state and control‐signal constraints, including saturation. In many problems, it is possible to derive global stability properties for such systems, neglecting constraints. Consideration of the constraints usually makes the problem much more complicated. In this paper, the stability analysis performed for the unconstrained case is used for the problem as a whole. For application of the method, there are powerful computational tools that can be employed in cases of polynomial systems. The technique is not only valid for the analysis of equilibrium points, but also for other attractors, such as limit cycles.

As examples, the domain of attraction for given control laws is estimated for both a nonlinear DC‐DC boost converter and for a boost inverter.
Linear Observer‐Based Active Disturbance Rejection Control of the Omnidirectional Mobile Robot
Authors: Sira‐Ramírez H. , López‐Uribe C. , Velasco‐Villa M.
Published: April 2012

This article describes the design of a linear observer‐linear controller‐based robust output feedback scheme for output reference trajectory tracking tasks in an omnidirectional mobile robot. The unknown, possibly state‐dependent, additive nonlinearities influencing the input‐output tracking error dynamics are modeled as an absolutely bounded, additive, unknown “time‐varying disturbance” input signal. This procedure simplifies the system tracking error description to that of three independent chains of second order integrators with, known, position‐dependent control gains. These simplified systems are additively perturbed by the unknown, smooth, time‐varying signal which is proven to be trivially observable. Generalized proportional integral (GPI) observers, are shown to naturally estimate, in an arbitrarily close manner, the unknown perturbation input of the simplified system and a certain number of its time derivatives. This information is used to advantage on the linear, observer‐based, feedback controller design via a simple cancellation effort. The results are implemented on a laboratory prototype of an omnidirectional mobile robot.
Messung der Nachhallzeiten in großen und/oder leeren Räumen
Authors: Eßer Georg , Schäfer Thomas
Published: April 2012

Der Anspruch an die akustische Qualität eines Raumes nimmt immer mehr an Bedeutung zu. Dadurch nimmt auch die Zahl der Messungen der Nachhallzeiten in Räumen, für die Anforderungen nach DIN 18041 [1] gestellt oder Maßnahmen empfohlen werden, zu. Oft sind schon vor der Möblierung die Nachhallzeiten messtechnisch zu prüfen und mit den Anforderungen zu vergleichen oder aus Nachhallzeitmessungen zu ermitteln, ob der Empfehlung an die mit Schallabsorbern zu bekleidende Raumbegrenzungsfläche entsprochen wird. Je nach Anordnung der Schallabsorber werden diese im leeren Raum nicht ausreichend “angeregt“, um entsprechend schallabsorbierend zu wirken. Insbesondere in großen Räumen, wie z. B. Sporthallen, in denen oft die schallabsorbierenden Maßnahmen an den Decken angebracht werden, tritt dieser “Effekt“ auf. Zusätzlich für die Nachhallzeitmessungen in den leeren Raum eingebrachte Streukörper führen zu einer Verringerung der Nachhallzeit und sind geeignet, den Nutzungszustand besser abzubilden. Bei Räumen, bei denen Empfehlungen an die mit Schallabsorbern zu bekleidende Raumbegrenzungsfläche gestellt werden, erfordert die messtechnische Überprüfung mit Hilfe von Nachhallzeitmessungen diffuse Schallfeldbedingungen. Anhand von Messbeispielen in Sporthallen und Büroräumen werden die Auswirkungen von Streukörpern aufgezeigt.

Measuring reverberation times in large and/or empty rooms. The demands for good room acoustics are increasing all the time. This also means that more reverberation time measurements have to be carried out in rooms that are subject to DIN 18041 requirements. Often, these measurements have to be carried out before the furniture arrives, e.g. in offices and classrooms, and the results have to be compared with the requirements. Depending on the arrangement and layout of sound absorption devices it is possible that these are not sufficiently “excited” in empty rooms and therefore fail to have the intended effect. This effect occurs particularly in large rooms, such as sports halls, in which the sound absorption devices are fitted to the ceilings. In these situations it is necessary to use diffusers. The effect of diffusers is illustrated using examples of measurements in sports halls and offices.
Animating strings with twisting, tearing and flicking effects
Authors: Rungjiratananon Witawat , Kanamori Yoshihiro , Metaaphanon Napaporn , Bando Yosuke , Chen Bing‐Yu , Nishita Tomoyuki
Published: April 2012

String‐like objects in our daily lives, for example shoelaces, threads, rubber cords, plastic fiber and spaghetti, have a wide variety of materials. Such string‐like objects also exhibit interesting behaviors such as twisting, tearing (by stretching or twisting), and bouncing back when pulled and released. In this paper, we present a method that enables these behaviors and simulates such materials in traditional string simulation methods that explicitly represent a string by particles and segments. Specifically, we offer the following three contributions. First, we introduce a method for handling twisting effects with both uniform and non‐uniform torsional rigidities. Second, we propose a method for estimating the tension acting on inextensible strings in order to reproduce tearing and flicking (bouncing back), whereas the tension for an extensible object can be computed via stretched length. The length of an inextensible object is maintained constant in general, and thus, we need a novel approach. Third, we introduce an optimized grid‐based collision detection for accelerating the computation. We demonstrate that our method can produce visually plausible animations of string‐like objects with various material properties, and it is a fast framework for interactive applications such as games. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle‐Stabilized and Manganese‐Modified Rhodium Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Highly Selective Synthesis of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde from Syngas
Authors: Huang Yulin , Deng Weihua , Guo Enruo , Chung Po‐Wen , Chen Senniang , Trewyn Brian G. , Brown Robert C. , Lin Victor S.‐Y.
Published: April 2012

Well‐defined and monodispersed rhodium nanoparticles as small as approximately 2 nm were encapsulated in situ and stabilized in a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) framework during the synthesis of the mesoporous material. Although both the activity and selectivity of MSN‐encapsulated rhodium nanoparticles in CO hydrogenation could be improved by the addition of manganese oxide as expected, the carbon selectivity for C2 oxygenates (including ethanol and acetaldehyde) was unprecedentedly high at 74.5 % with a very small amount of methanol produced if rhodium nanoparticles were modified by manganese oxide with very close interaction.
The Kinetic Features of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Nitriles and Amines
Authors: Yap Aaron J. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: April 2012

A model of the kinetics underlying the hydrogenolysis of nitriles and amines, catalysed by Pd/C, has been derived. Benzonitrile and benzylamine were used as archetypical compounds to better understand the various reaction pathways involved in these processes. The reaction order under mild conditions (80 °C, 1 bar H2) for the hydrogenolysis of benzylamine was zero order in benzylamine, indicating strong adsorption of benzylamine to the catalyst, whereas the hydrogenation of benzonitrile was found to be first order in benzonitrile, owing to mass transport limitations, explaining the observed selectivities toward hydrogenolysis versus hydrogenation. Significantly, benzylamine itself was found to reversibly poison the hydrogenolysis function of the catalyst, preventing high yields of hydrogenolysis products at low catalyst loadings.
Palladium‐Based Catalytic System for the Direct C3‐Arylation of Furan‐2‐carboxamides and Thiophene‐2‐carboxamides
Authors: Si Larbi Karima , Fu Hai Yan , Laidaoui Nouria , Beydoun Kassem , Miloudi Abdellah , El Abed Douniazad , Djabbar Safia , Doucet Henri
Published: April 2012

The palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of furans or thiophenes that contained secondary carboxamides at the C2 position proceeded regioselectively at either the C3 or C5 positions, depending on the reaction conditions. The nature of the base was crucial for controlling the regioselectivity of the reaction. We had previously observed that, in the presence of potassium acetate, direct arylation at the C5 position was favored. Herein, we report that the use of cesium carbonate as the base and xylene as the solvent selectively afforded the C3‐arylated furans or thiophenes. The reactivity of furan‐2‐carboxamides and thiophene‐2‐carboxamides were similar. The reaction tolerated a range of functional groups on the aryl bromide and also heteroaryl bromide substrates.
Estimation of volume fraction and flow regime identification in inclined pipes based on gamma measurements and multivariate calibration
Authors: Arvoh Benjamin Kaku , Hoffmann Rainer , Valle Arne , Halstensen Maths
Published: April 2012

A combination of gamma measurements and multivariate calibration was applied to estimate multiphase flow mixture density and to identify flow regime. The experiments were conducted using recombined hydrocarbon fluids sampled from an onshore receiving terminal including hydrate thermodynamic inhibitors (monoethylene glycol and methanol (MeOH)). These hydrate inhibitors were added to deionised water at 60% concentration by volume. The experiments were conducted at a temperature of 0 °C and a 75‐bar pressure, comparable with deep water production on the Norwegian continental shelf. Two angles of inclination (1° and 5°) and two water cuts (15% and 85%) were investigated. A single‐energy gamma densitometer was installed on the test facility for measuring the mixture density, whereas the dual‐energy gamma densitometer was traversed linearly from the bottom to the top of the pipe for multivariate calibration and prediction. Seventy partial least square prediction models were calibrated based on single‐phase experimental data. These models were used in estimating the mixture density and identifying the flow regime in all the experiments. The estimated mixture densities were accurate as compared with those from the single‐energy gamma densitometer with the root mean square error of prediction of 13.6 and 9.7 kg/m3 for 1° angle of inclination and 17 and 26.6 kg/m3 for 5° pipe inclination. The models were also able to identify the flow regimes investigated for both 1° and 5° angles of inclination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Optimised Small‐Molecule Stabiliser of the 14‐3‐3–PMA2 Protein–Protein Interaction
Authors: Richter Anja , Rose Rolf , Hedberg Christian , Waldmann Herbert , Ottmann Christian
Published: April 2012

Modulation of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is a highly demanding, but also a very promising approach in chemical biology and targeted drug discovery. In contrast to inhibiting PPIs with small, chemically tractable molecules, stabilisation of these interactions can only be achieved with complex natural products, like rapamycin, FK506, taxol, forskolin, brefeldin and fusicoccin. Fusicoccin stabilises the activatory complex of the plant H+‐ATPase PMA2 and 14‐3‐3 proteins. Recently, we have shown that the stabilising effect of fusicoccin could be mimicked by a trisubstituted pyrrolinone (pyrrolidone1, 1). Here, we report the synthesis, functional activity and crystal structure of derivatives of 1 that stabilise the 14‐3‐3–PMA2 complex. With a limited compound collection three modifications that are important for activity enhancement could be determined: 1) conversion of the pyrrolinone scaffold into a pyrazole, 2) introduction of a tetrazole moiety to the phenyl ring that contacts PMA2, and 3) addition of a bromine to the phenyl ring that exclusively contacts the 14‐3‐3 protein. The crystal structure of a pyrazole derivative of 1 in complex with 14‐3‐3 and PMA2 revealed that the more rigid core of this molecule positions the stabiliser deeper into the rim of the interface, enlarging especially the contact surface to PMA2. Combination of the aforementioned features gave rise to a molecule (37) that displays a threefold increase in stabilising the 14‐3‐3–PMA2 complex over 1. Compound 37 and the other active derivatives show no effect on two other important 14‐3‐3 protein–protein interactions, that is, with CRaf and p53. This is the first study that describes the successful optimisation of a PPI stabiliser identified by screening.
Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle
Authors: Röhlig Klaus‐Jürgen , Geckeis Horst , Mengel Kurt
Published: April 2012

Dieser erste einer Serie von drei Artikeln führt in den Themenkomplex “Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle” ein und benennt damit zusammenhängende gesellschaftliche und wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen. Es wird dargelegt, welche Arten und welche Mengen von radioaktiven Abfällen in Deutschland zu entsorgen sind. Die Autoren stellen die verschiedenen Entsorgungsoptionen dar, die in der Vergangenheit diskutiert wurden und sprechen sich für eine nachsorgefreie Endlagerung in tiefen geologischen Formationen aus. Sie erläutern Grundzüge der Endlagerkonzepte im Kristallingestein, in Tonen und Tonsteinen und im Steinsalz.
Laser‐capture microdissection and transcriptional profiling of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Lee Syann , Bookout Angie L. , Lee Charlotte E. , Gautron Laurent , Harper Matthew J. , Elias Carol F. , Lowell Bradford B. , Elmquist Joel K.
Published: April 2012

Identifying neuronal molecular markers with restricted patterns of expression is a crucial step in dissecting the numerous pathways and functions of the brain. While the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) has been implicated in a host of physiological processes, current functional studies have been limited by the lack of molecular markers specific for DMH. Identification of such markers would facilitate the development of mouse models with DMH‐specific genetic manipulations. Here we used a combination of laser‐capture microdissection (LCM) and gene expression profiling to identify genes that are highly expressed within the DMH relative to adjacent hypothalamic regions. Six of the most highly expressed of these genes, Gpr50, 4930511J11Rik, Pcsk5, Grp, Sulf1, and Rorβ, were further characterized by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry. The genes identified in this article will provide the basis for future gene‐targeted approaches for studying DMH function. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3617–3632, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ionically Tagged Iron Complex‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Olefins in Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: dos Santos Marcelo R. , Diniz Julia R. , Arouca Aline M. , Gomes Alexandre F. , Gozzo Fabio C. , Tamborim Silvia M. , Parize Alexandre L. , Suarez Paulo A. Z. , Neto Brenno A. D.
Published: April 2012

A new ionophilic ligand and a new ionically tagged imidazolium‐based iron(III) complex were synthesized and applied in the air oxidation (also hydrogen peroxide) of alkenes in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids. At least ten recycling reactions were performed. The epoxidized olefin was obtained in very good yields of 84–91 %. Some important mechanistic insights are also provided based on electrospray ionization quadrupole–time of flight mass spectrometry for the oxidation reaction. These results indicate that oxidations can take place by two different pathways, depending on the reaction condition: a radical or a concerted mechanism. These results contribute towards a better understanding of iron‐catalyzed oxidation mechanisms.
Synthesis of triheptanoin and formulation as a solid diet for rodents
Authors: Semak Vladislav , Semakova Jana , Halbaut Lyda , Aso Ester , Ferrer Isidro , Calpena Ana , Escolano Carmen , Perales Jose Carlos
Published: April 2012

Triheptanoin‐enriched diets have been successfully used in the experimental treatment of various metabolic disorders. Maximal therapeutic effect is achieved in the context of a ketogenic diet where triheptanoin oil provides 30–40% of the daily caloric intake. However, pre‐clinical studies using triheptanoin‐rich diets are hindered by the difficulty of administering to laboratory animals as a solid foodstuff. In the present study, we successfully synthesized triheptanoin to the highest standards of purity from glycerol and heptanoic acid, using sulfonated charcoal as a catalyst. Triheptanoin oil was then formulated as a solid, stable and palatable preparation using a ketogenic base and a combination of four commercially available formulation agents: hydrophilic fumed silica, hydrophobic fumed silica, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc. Diet compliance and safety was tested on C57Bl/6 mice over a 15‐week period, comparing overall status and body weight change.

Practical applications: This work provides a complete description of (i) an efficient and cost‐effective synthesis of triheptanoin and (ii) its formulation as a solid, stable, and palatable ketogenic diet (triheptanoin‐rich; 39% of the caloric intake) for rodents. Triheptanoin‐rich diets will be helpful on pre‐clinical experiments testing the therapeutic efficacy of triheptanoin in different rodent models of human diseases. In addition, using the same solidification procedure, other oils could be incorporated into rodent ketogenic diet to study their dosage and long‐term effects on mammal health and development. This approach could be extremely valuable as ketogenic diet is widely used clinically for epilepsy treatment.
A Three‐Component Condensation for the Construction of the Spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐piperidin]‐2‐one Skeleton
Authors: Yang Hai‐Bin , Guan Xiao‐Yang , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2012

Treatment of pyridine and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate derivatives with N‐substituted isatylidene derivatives resulted in three‐component condensations, affording 1′,9a′‐dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,2‐quinolizin]‐2‐one derivatives in high yields and with good diastereoselectivities through 1,4‐dipolar cycloadditions.