bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choikhonai Surkh: The Replacement of “Opium Dens” with Red Teahouses and the Limits of the Soviet Enlightenment Project in Tajikistan
Authors: Latypov Alisher
Published: November 2020

In this paper I trace sanitation, education, and cultural enlightenment practices in early Soviet Tajikistan, and reassess the role of red teahouses in addressing drug use and other health issues in the country. I examine the assertions of Soviet historians and physicians by drawing on extensive archival records from Russia and Tajikistan and local newspapers published in Tajikistan in the 1930s, and in doing so accentuate an alternative account that illustrates the limits of Soviet undertakings and the appalling gaps between the aspirations of Soviet leaders and reality. Red teahouses failed both to focus on health challenges and to tackle the use of narcotic intoxicants in early Soviet Tajikistan. The majority of these new Soviet facilities functioned as commercial socio-gastronomic entities until the late 1930s and beyond, rather than spreading health propaganda and engaging in the cultural construction and enlightenment of the Tajik people.
Exclusion, Enmity, and the Normalization of the Exception: The September 2015 Incidents and the Development of Sovereign Dictatorship in Tajikistan
Authors: Lemon Edward , Rahimi Omid
Published: November 2020

The armed rebellion of Deputy Defense Minister Abduhalim Nazarzoda in September 2015 was a critical moment in the post-war history of Tajikistan. The rebellion, which the government blamed on the Islamic Renaissance Party, formed the justification for the Supreme Court to classify the party as a terrorist organization and arrest its leadership. While the government framed the events as a coup attempt, supported by the IRPT, the narrative had inconsistencies and Nazarzoda had been loyal to the state since the end of the civil war. Using the ideas of Carl Schmitt, who argued that sovereignty lies in the ability of a strong executive to monopolize decision-making, define when there is an emergency, and how to resolve it. In this case, president Rahmon used the the sense of emergency and threat created by the “coup” attempt to dismantle the IRPT and then have himself legally declared “Leader of the Nation.”
Madrasa-based Religious Learning: Between Secular State and Competing Fellowships in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Doolotkeldieva Asel
Published: November 2020

Kyrgyzstan has experienced a rapid and diverse expansion of religious educational offerings in the past two decades and presents a fascinating regional case study of the development of Islamic education. Based on a rich ethnographic study, this article explores recently developed processes by which madrasa-based knowledge is established and transmitted. In revealing these processes, the article draws attention to political struggles for control over the transmission of religious knowledge between state and non-state actors on the one hand, and religious actors on the other. It further delves into the material and spiritual world of madrasas as perceived by students motivated to gain education and their families. In the final section, it uncovers how different madrasas use religious education, under the varied concept of ‘service to community’, to establish and maintain networks of graduates, which are necessary to the further rooting of Islamic fellowships into society, politics and the economy.
Fideales Erzählen
Authors: Koch Elke
Published: November 2020

Literary theory has developed its understanding of narrative as either fictional or factual without taking into account the specific conditions of literature that is grounded in religious faith. The paper discusses the shortcomings of the dichotomy ‘fictional’/‘factual’ with regard to medieval religious literature. It argues that it is necessary to conceptualize further modes of narration in order to describe adequately the historical and global plurality of story-telling. The concept of “fideal narrative” is introduced in order to specify the pragmatic and epistemological conditions of religious literature. Its historical validity is tested in a comparison of the prologues of historiographer and hagiographer William of Malmesbury.
„The storm is up and all is on the hazard“ Shakespeares Tragödien und das Wetter
Authors: Ungelenk Johannes
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to the role of weather in Shakespeare’s tragedies. It traces a dense network of instances of weather – stage weather, narrated weather events, weather imagery – throughout his plays, and attempts to reconstruct the weather’s structural implications for the genre of tragedy. The way early modern humoral pathology understood the weather’s influence on the humours of the human body – for which Shakespeare’s plays themselves give evidence – provides the background for reconstructing the function of the weather as a source of tragic force. Its turbulence not only infects the characters in the play and thereby drives the plot, but also transgresses the boundaries of the fictional world and affects spectators in the auditorium.
Hantzschia subandina Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae): Morphology, status and typification, as well as the description of a new species of Nitzschia
Authors: Kociolek John P. , Vouilloud Amelia A.
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds and aims: Hantzschia Grunow is a genus characterized by having valves asymmetric to the apical axis, markedly dorsiventral, with an eccentric raphe on the ventral side supported by fibulae and ‘hantzschioid’ symmetry of the frustules. In 1942 J. Frenguelli published the flora of diatoms of Neuquén province (Argentina), work in which he erected Hantzschia subandina as a new species for science. This work investigates the identity and taxonomic status of this taxon. 
M&M: Original material of Hantzschia subandina of the Frenguelli Collection was analysed with light and scanning electron microscopy.
Results: Observations on the material suggested two different species were included in the concept of this species assigned originally to the genus Hantzschia. Furthermore, neither of the two species present are assignable to the genus Hantzschia. Nitzschia subandina (Frenguelli) comb. nov. has a large central nodule and a slight asymmetry about the apical axis; it also produces frustules with nitzschioid and hantzschioid symmetry. We designate a lectotype for this taxon. In addition, another diatom in the same material with slight asymmetry about the apical axis has distinctive ornamentation on the mantle of the valve and produces nitzschioid and hantzschioid frustules. For this taxon we tentatively assign it to the non-monophyletic genus Nitzschia, describing it as N. araucana sp. nov. We discuss the possible phylogenetic position of this new taxon, and suggest that the genus Nitzschia is “the next Navicula” ready to be further subdivided into distinct genera.
Reseña: De tiempos y creencias
Authors: Castro María Eugenia
Published: November 2020

Reseña: Hay tantas fes | Lapso #5 MaTPsiL | 2020
Content Analysis of the Controversy Over the Communication of Government Policies in Handling Covid-19 in Online Media
Authors: Ashrianto Panji Dwi , Sosiawan Edwi Arief
Published: November 2020

The Coronavirus (Covid-19) has hit almost all countries in the world. Cases of Covid-19 sufferers continue to grow. The impacts are also multidimensional, from economic to social. It is not easy for governments to deal with this global spreading pandemic. During the Covid-19 epidemic, controversy arose in the public space regarding government discourse and policies in dealing with Corona and its effects. These various controversies occurred due to the inadequate public understanding of the policies for handling Covid 19. The government is considered stuttering in responding to the situation and shows a failure to deliver good communication to the public. The research problem's formulation is: What is the content of controversy and polemic over government policies in handling COVID-19 from March 2020 to May 2020 in online media. The research method used is quantitative with a content analysis approach. There are three policy contents analyzed, which are sourced from the three news media portals most accessed in Indonesia based on the Alexa website ranking. As a result, there are three main conclusions in this study. First, in communicating government policies, the president is still at the forefront of delivering systems. Second, the guidelines issued by the government are mostly macro policies dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Third, the impact resulting from government policies' communication on handling the Covid-19 epidemic has caused chiefly controversy.
Globalization And Locality: Global Communication And Digital Revolution In The Borderless World Era
Authors: Hermawanto Ariesani , Anggraini Melaty
Published: November 2020

Globalization is a phenomenon after the Cold War and continues in the era of the new millennium. It also has a direct impact on the community at the local level. The citizens' activities are easier because everyone can always be connected through the global information network. The approach used is related to the concept of glocalization, which means a global process which is then adapted by local.This paper focuses on the link between globalization and locality in an era of a world without borders.The findings in this paper is the paradox impacts from the reciprocal reaction between global processes and local due to the development of communication and the digital revolution that have beneficial and unfavorable impacts
A case study on applying the Web 2.0 software to train a Chinese L2 learner's listening and speaking skills
Authors: Cai Qiao-Yu , Lai Cheng-Ji
Published: November 2020

The present study analyzed a
series of user-friendly, free Web2.0 digital tools for distance Chinese
learners to study along with a textbook, Practical
Audio-Visual Chinese 2, designed and carried out experimental teaching
courses for Japanese participants with elementary Chinese proficiency, and lastly
concluded with pedagogical suggestions for TCSOL based the feedback from users.
Based
on the study results, two main themes were discussed: (1) how to design Web2.0
digital tools for distance Chinese learners as well as the pros and cons of
using Web2.0 digital tools for TCSOL, (2) the timing, procedure, and effects of
modular teaching using Web2.0 digital tools on elementary learners of Chinese.
The impact of participant pathways on the effectiveness of a community-based physical activity intervention grounded in motivational interviewing
Authors: Wade Matthew , Brown Nicola , Steele James , Mann Steven , Dancy Bernadette , Winter Stacy , Majumdar Anne
Published: November 2020

Background: Brief advice is recommended to increase physical activity (PA) within primary care. This study assessed change in PA levels and mental wellbeing after a motivational interviewing (MI) community-based PA intervention and the impact of signposting [SP] and Social Action [SA] (i.e. weekly group support) pathways. Methods: Participants (n=2084) took part in a community-based, primary care PA programme using MI techniques. Self-reported PA and mental wellbeing data were collected at baseline (following an initial 30-minute MI appointment), 12-weeks, six-months, and 12-months. Participants were assigned based upon the surgery they attended to the SP or SA pathway. Multilevel models were used to derive point estimates and 95%CIs for outcomes at each time point and change scores. Results: Participants increased PA and mental wellbeing at each follow-up time point through both participant pathways and with little difference between pathways. Retention was similar between pathways at 12-weeks, but the SP pathway retained more participants at six-months and 12-months. Conclusions: Both pathways produced similar improvements in PA and mental wellbeing, suggesting the effectiveness of MI based PA interventions. However, due to lower resources required yet similar effects, SP pathways are recommended over SA to support PA in primary care settings.
Senam
Authors: Berlian Sukma
Published: November 2020

Dilakukan senam agar badan kita tetap sehat dan segar dan terhindar dari covid 19 seperti saat sekarang ini yang melanda Negara kita bahkan seluruh dunia
Sumber Daya Manusia pada Era 4.0
Authors: Shirley
Published: November 2020

Artikel ini merupakan review jurnal yang membahas sumber daya manusia yang diperlukan sesuai dengan perkembangan jaman yang telah mencapai era 4.0.
Mewujudkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang Berkualitas
Authors: Noviolyvia Selvi
Published: November 2020

Indonesia membutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang unggul untuk menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 dan beradaptasi dengan pasar. Pembangunan kualitas sumber daya manusia dapat mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang unggul. Pimpinan perusahaan memiliki tantangan besar untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan karyawan guna mewujudkan visi dan misi perusahaan di tengah dinamika perubahan. Kehadiran karyawan yang bertalenta, termasuk perubahan mindset karyawan terkait pengelolaan perusahaan mampu menciptakan manajemen yang bertalenta sebagai inti suatu bisnis (core business).
Mewujudkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang Berkembang
Authors: Tiaradina Vrisycha Wike
Published: November 2020

Secara umum produktivitas kerja karyawan berbanding lurus dengan tingginya daya saing organisasi perusahaan secara keseluruhan dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis, karena semua berkaitan erat dengan tingkat karyawan, kepuasan terhadap organisasi perusahaan, termasuk jaminan gaji yang lebih kompetitif, lebih baik. jaminan karir, lingkungan kerja yang nyaman, dan manfaat fasilitas yang ditawarkan. perusahaan sering berjalan secara masif dan radikal, meninggalkan cara lama, dan beralih ke cara baru dan lebih banyak lagi Cara dan metode baru yang diterapkan perusahaan biasanya membutuhkan transformasi bisnis dan manusia transformasi sumber daya
Pembagian masker
Authors: Berlian Sukma
Published: November 2020

Dilakukan pembagian masker untuk menghindari penyebaran virus covid 19 yang merajalela di seluruh dunia
RANGKUMAN SITASI JURNAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND CREATIVE ECONOMY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rarumangkay Chelsia Heng
Published: November 2020

Pariwisata tidak hanya berperan sebagai penyumbang Produk Domestik Bruto, tetapi juga penyumbang devisa dan penjaga stabilitas nilai tukar. Objek wisata berbasis masyarakat jika dikelola dengan baik serta ada kerjasama antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah akan berpotensi mendongkrak perekonomian daerah. Terdapat lebih dari 3000 tujuan wisata di Indonesia, namun hanya ada beberapa yang terkenal seperti Bali, Lombok, Yogyakarta, Bandung, dan Danau Toba. Melalui bantuan dari tourism operator yang menawarkan jasanya di internet, tujuan wisata lain yang belum banyak pengunjung turut menjadi terkenal dan dikunjungi oleh banyak wisatawan seperti Pulau Morotai. Paket tour yang ditawarkan di internet menjadi kebutuhan utama bagi travelers dalam proses pemilihan tujuan wisatanya. Salah satu contoh turisme berbasis komunitas adalah wisata bawah laut terumbu karang di Bangsring, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Pengguna internet di Indonesia saat ini ±75 juta orang yang didominasi oleh penggunaan ponsel. Kunjungan bebas visa sejak 2015 ke 169 negara masih sangat menarik untuk wisatawan mancanegara berkunjung ke Indonesia hal ini memberikan kemudahan bagi wisatawan untuk mengunjungi Indonesia karena bebas US $35 dan dokumen yang rumit. Dengan demikian pariwisata memiliki hubungan timbal balik dengan ekonomi kreatif, dan diharapkan dapat menciptakan kesinergian antar pemangku kepentingan.
Perilaku Caring Perawat Pada Pasien di Rumah Sakit : Human Caring
Authors: Pardede Jek Amidos
Published: November 2020

Satu hari sebuah keluarga sedang jalan jalan di pantai teluk dalam, tiba tiba dalam perjalanan mereka seorang ibu terjatuh di dekat pantai dan bapak pun panik melihat keadaan seorang ibu dan si bapak pun langsung membawa si ibu kerumah sakit terdekat. Setelah sampai di rumah sakit si bapak langsung memanggil petugas kesehatan untuk menanganin si ibu dan si ibu pun langsung di rawat di rumah sakit. lalu pada pagi hari perawat mendatangi ke semua ruangan untuk mengecek keadaan seorang pasien yanng sedang mengalami sakit. Sesudah sampai keruangan pasien perawat pun mulai mengontrol ke semua pasien untuk mengecek keadaan pasien
kemah budaya dan musik hutan
Authors: HARDININGSI1616 TRI HUTAMI
Published: November 2020

Tujuan :diadakannyakemahbudayadanmusichutan untuk memenuhiprogram kerjakecamatanserta memperkenalkanhutanpinuspaccumikangyangbelumtersentuhdanbelum di kenal dimasyarakat luarkecamatanrumbia.
Review Ekonomi Sumber Daya Manusia Indonesian's Effort to Achieve Globally Competitive Human Resources
Authors: febry shania , Zafrullah Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Indonesia sangat membutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang unggul untuk menghadapi revolusiindustri 4.0 yang menuntut operasi pabrik yang cerdas, layanan cerdas, dan produk inovatif. Jenispekerjaan yang akan terpengaruh pertama kali adalah pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang kali.Jenis pekerjaan ini akan digantikan oleh artificial intelligence melalui otomasi. Sistem manajemenkinerja individu pada dasarnya merupakan penggerak kinerja individu, dan dapat menjadipendukung kinerja organisasi, talenta harus dapat berkolaborasi dalam menerapkan kompetensiuntuk memperoleh hasil yang optimal dan berkelanjutan, serta diharapkan perusahaan dapatmembangun organisasi.
SEMINAR KECAMATAN YAPTI JENEPONTO
Authors: Anriani Titik
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan seminar ini berjalan dengan lancar. Program kerjasecara keseluruhan yang ada di kecamatan Rumbia juga sudahmencapai 71% . Tinggal menyelesaikan beberapa programyang belum terlaksana ataupun yang sedang berjalan.
The fifth bibliometric finding on waste management and cultural studies
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: November 2020

This short piece of communication has the sole purpose of identifying some evidence, supporting our view regarding a possible missing environment-nurturing cultural value. Here, we attempt to examine the presence of cultural studies within the boundary of waste management research.
How I learn to love data
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: November 2020

During my first year as a researcher, I was overwhelmed with the complexity of statistics. What is regression? What is ordinary least squares? I received my first training in statistics in my undergraduate years. Little did I know that this subject would be a pinnacle in my life. Then, right after graduation, I started working as a researcher, started writing papers, and started learning about statistics.
Differential expression of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF1B in the brain metastases of patients with breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a complication of breast cancer (1, 2) with limited treatment options (3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to discover genes associated with brain metastases in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We identified significant differential expression of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF1B in the brain metastases of patients with breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. EIF1B may be relevant to the underlying biology by which tumor cells of the breast spread to the brain.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19
Authors: Lubis Nur Ainii
Published: November 2020

Pada awal 2020, dunia dikejutkan dengan mewabahnya pneumonia baru yang bermula dari Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei yang kemudian menyebar dengan cepat ke lebih dari 190 negara dan teritori. Wabah ini diberi nama coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Penyebaran penyakit ini telah memberikan dampak luas secara sosial dan ekonomi.Banyak para petugas kesehatan dari tingkatan atas hingga bawah bekerjasama dalam membantu para korban covid. Tapi tidak sedikit para tenaga kesehatan yang justru terkena penyakit mematikan ini.kurangnya alat pelindung diri dan pasien yang terus berdatangan, membuat para tenaga kesehatan harus siap hidup dan mati.
MEMPERINGATI MAULID NABI
Authors: Anriani Titik
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan senam ini dilakukan setelah sholat Ashar tempatnya yaitu dihalaman rumah kepala desa Bontocini. Senam berlangsung selamakurang lebih 1 jam.
REVIEW BOOSTING INDONESIA’s TOURISM SECTOR TO BE COMPETITIVE dan DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND CREATIVE ECONOMY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hartanti Maria Febri Piji , Zafrullah Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan banyak kekayaan dan keindahan jika dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Indonesia memiliki keragaman akan budaya, suku, ras, agama, pulau, flora, fauna serta kekayaan alam yang  melimpah. Dari banyaknya kekayaan dan keindahan yang dimiliki, negara Indonesia bisa memajukan perekonomian negara dengan baik jika disertai dengan sinergi yang bagus antar semua pemangku kepentingan negara. Sektor pariwisata Indonesia menjadi salah satu peluang terbesar untuk memajukan perekonomian.
Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Akhoudas Camille , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Haumann Alexander , Meredith Michael , Naveira-Garabato Alberto , Reverdin Gilles , Jullion Loïc , Aloisi Giovanni , Benetti Marion , Leng Melanie , Arrowsmith Carol
Published: November 2020

The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses – ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attempts at estimating the rates of ventilation and overturning of Antarctic Bottom Water in this region have led to a strikingly broad range of results, with water transport-based calculations (8.4-9.7 Sv) yielding larger rates than tracer-based estimates (3.7-4.9 Sv). Here, we reconcile these conflicting views by integrating transport- and tracer-based estimates within a common analytical framework, in which bottom water formation processes are explicitly quantified. We show that the layer of Antarctic Bottom Water denser than 28.35 kg m−3 γn is exported northward at a rate of 8.7 ± 0.9 Sv, composed of 4.8 ± 1.3 Sv of well-ventilated Dense Shelf Water, and 3.9 ± 1.1 Sv of old Circumpolar Deep Water entrained into cascading plumes. The majority, but not all, of the Dense Shelf Water (3.5 ± 2.7 Sv) is generated on the continental shelves of the Weddell Sea. Only 55% of AABW exported from the region are well ventilated thus participating to heat and carbon uptake in the deep ocean, and in the Weddell sector, entrainment of older waters occurs at a ratio of 2.1 ± 0.8. Our findings unify traditionally contrasting views of Antarctic Bottom Water production in the Atlantic sector, and define a baseline, process-discerning target for its realistic representation in climate models.
Salivary beta-endorphin in non-suicidal self-injury: an ambulatory assessment study.
Authors: Störkel Lisa , Karabatsiakis Alexander , Hepp Johanna , Kolassa Iris-Tatjana , Schmahl Christian , Niedtfeld Inga
Published: November 2020

This paper has been published in Neuropsychopharmacology, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-00914-2. Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent and impairing behavior, affecting individuals with and without additional psychopathology. To shed further light on biological processes that precede and result from NSSI acts, we built on previous cross-sectional evidence suggesting that the endogenous opioid system, and especially β-endorphin, is involved in the psychopathology of NSSI. This is the first study assessing salivary β-endorphin in daily life in the context of NSSI acts. Fifty-one female adults with repetitive NSSI participated over a period of 15 days in an ambulatory assessment study. Salivary β-endorphin was assessed before and after engagement in NSSI, during high urge for NSSI, and on a non-NSSI day. Furthermore, NSSI specific variables such as pain ratings, as well as method, severity, and function of NSSI were assessed. We found that β-endorphin levels immediately before a NSSI act were significantly lower than directly after NSSI. However, there was no difference between β-endorphin during high urge for NSSI and post NSSI measures. We found a positive association between severity of the self-inflicted injury and β-endorphin levels, but no significant association between β-endorphin levels and subjectively experienced pain. The results of the present study indicate that it is possible to assess salivary β-endorphin in daily life in the context of NSSI. Furthermore, our results provide a first indication that NSSI acts could be associated with a momentary increase of β-endorphin, and this might reinforce NSSI engagement. More research is needed to replicate and extend our findings on peripheral β-endorphin in daily life.
Reframing of moral dilemmas reveals an unexpected "positivity bias" in updating and attributions
Authors: Kim Minjae J. , Theriault Jordan E. , Hirschfeld-Kroen Joshua , Young Liane
Published: November 2020

People make moral judgments about others, and new information can cause those judgments to change. Prior work examined moral impression updating after observing additional behaviors, but less is known about moral updating when prior behaviors are reframed, either as more or less moral than on first impression. The present work compared moral updating as scenarios were reframed from moral-to-immoral, or immoral-to-moral. Three studies show that the negativity bias, well-documented by prior work, can be reversed when first impressions are reframed, and partially reinstated if new information is irrelevant. Further, this “positivity bias” is partly explained by the extent to which reframing information elicits external causal attributions. Future research on moral updating may benefit from a sensitivity to such qualitative features of new information.
The Creative Cliff Illusion
Authors: Lucas Brian Jeffrey , Nordgren Loran
Published: November 2020

Across eight studies we tested whether people understand the timecourse of their own creativity. Prior literature finds that creativity tends to improve across an ideation session. Here we compared people’s beliefs against their actual creative performance. Consistent with prior research, we found that people’s creativity, on aggregate, remained constant or improved across an ideation session. However, people’s beliefs did not match this reality. We consistently found that people expected their creativity to decline over time. We refer to this misprediction as the creative cliff illusion. Study 1 found initial evidence of this effect across an ideation task. We found further evidence in a sample with high domain-relevant knowledge (Study 2), when creativity judgments were elicited retrospectively (Study 3), and across a multi-day study (Study 5). We theorized the effect occurs because people mistakenly associate creativity (the novelty and usefulness of an idea) with idea production (the ability to generate an idea). Study 4 found evidence consistent with this mechanism. The creative cliff illusion was attenuated among those with high levels of everyday creative experience (Study 6) and after a knowledge intervention that increased awareness of the effect (Study 7). Demonstrating the impact of creativity beliefs on downstream performance, Study 8 found that declining creativity beliefs negatively influenced task persistence and creative performance, suggesting that people to underinvest in ideation. This research contributes to work on prediction in the creative domain and demonstrates the importance of understanding creativity beliefs for predicting creative performance.
GIS and Geovisual Analysis
Authors: Buil-Gil David , Langton Samuel
Published: November 2020

The term ‘Geographic Information Systems’ (GIS) defines those computerised systems designed to gather, store, manage, visualise and analyse data with a spatial component. While GIS is generally used to refer to software applications created to manage geographic information, in truth GIS are also defined by other key components such as the spatial data being analysed, the hardware and the human component defined by users’ training, experience and decisions (Ballas et al., 2018). All these are key parts of what is known as GIS, and it is why many argue that GIS should be described in terms of a conceptual and methodological framework rather than software in isolation. As such, researchers have developed an academic discipline, Geographic Information Science, aimed at examining and developing data organisation models and computational mechanisms for GIS, including geovisualisation and spatial analysis techniques (Goodchild, 2009).
The Impact of the Lebanese Civil War on Weaving the Texture of the Narrative of Ghada Al-Samman’s Beirut Nightmares
Authors: Al-Mousa Nedal
Published: November 2020

The paper is concerned with examining the impact of the Lebanese civil war on weaving the fabric of the narrative of Ghada al-Samman’s novel Beirut Nightmares (1975). The enormous atrocities and people’s great sufferings brought about by the civil war are filtered through the consciousness of a femrale narrator. The narrator’s self-imposed mission to bear witness to the devastating effect of the civil war on a people and their country is presented in part in diary-like accounts of events. For al-Samman, factual representation of the events of the civil war deemed to be inadequate to portray their tremendous traumatic effect expressed in peoples’ overwhelming sense of dislocation, painful recognition of the superficiality of human ties, and the unmasking of the dark side of human soul. The civil war, I argue, serves as a remarkable fertile ground for invigorating al-Samman’s literary imagination as is well reflected in her employment of a wide range of modes of representation and discourses, including diary-like account of events, fantasy, nightmares, dreams, surrealistic elements, anthropomorphism, and anthropocentrism.That is to the end of portraying the impact of the civil war on the private lives of the individuals in the most effective dramatic manner. This polyphonic strategy, in the terminology of Michail Bachtin, enables al-Samman to rigorously probe the social, political, moral, and psychological effects of the civil war on the micro and the macro levels.
Biased sampling of early users and the direction of startup innovation
Authors: Cao Ruiqing , Koning Rembrand , Nanda Ramana
Published: November 2020

Using data from a prominent online platform for launching new digital products, we document that the composition of the platform's `beta testers' on the day a new product is launched has a systematic and persistent impact on success. Specifically, we use word embedding methods to classify products launched on this platform as more or less focused on the needs of female customers, and show that female-focused products launched on a typical day—when nine-in-ten users on the platform are men—experience 40% less growth and are 5 percentage points less likely to have an any users a year after launch. Using exogenous variation driven by the platform's daily newsletter, we find that that the product gender gap shrinks on days when women are more likely to engage with the platform. Conversely, entrepreneurs who happen to launch a female-focused product on an especially male-dominated day reduce their product development efforts by roughly 30% and are 4 percentage points less likely to raise venture funding. Overall, our findings suggest that sample bias can systematically corrupt signals of a startup's market potential, bias entrepreneurial strategy, and so lead to a dearth of innovations aimed at consumers who are underrepresented among early-users.
From Feminization of Fiction to Feminine Metafiction in Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters and Woolf’s Orlando
Authors: Reguig-Mouro Wassila Hamza
Published: November 2020

Feminism developed and widened its scope to different disciplines such as literature, history, and sociology. It is associated with various other schools and theories like Marxism and poststructuralism, as well. In the field of literature, feminist literary criticism managed to throw away the dust that cumulated on women’s writing and succeeded in raising interest in those forgotten female artists. Some critics in the field of feminism claim that there are no separate spheres, masculine and feminine, whereas others have opted for post-feminist thinking. Some women writers used metafiction to write literary criticism. Therefore, how do Gaskell and Woolf implement metafiction in their stories? Accordingly, this work aims at shedding light on Wives and Daughters by Gaskell and Orlando by Woolf to tackle metafiction from a feminist perspective. Examples from both novels about intertextuality, narration, and other aspects, that are part of metafiction, will be provided to illustrate how and where metafiction is used.
Upsurges of Timelessness: The Becket Tale between History and Dramaturgy in Tennyson’s Becket, Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral and Anouilh’s Becket, or the Honour of God
Authors: Awadallah Sahar
Published: November 2020

The primary concern of this study is to explore the dramatization of the story of Archbishop Thomas a Becket, in three different plays by three prominent playwrights. These plays are Tennyson’s Becket, Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral, and Anouilh’s Becket, or the Honour of God. The study examines the three plays in the light of their manipulation of the details of Thomas Becket’s contest with Henry II. The shifting relationship between the two men raised fascinating questions that were considered useful materials for playwrights. From the narrow confines of historical conflict, each of the three writers presented a unique artwork of a different dramatic vision. Through shedding light on the tale of the murder of Thomas Becket, this study highlights the significance of his fatal conflict with King Henry II to each of the three dramatists. First, it investigates how Tennyson’s primary purpose was to write a work of “documentary” authenticity. Then, this paper clarifies how Eliot’s interpretation of the play is a religious symbolic one. It also explores how Anouilh’s employed the Becket tale to present his perspective of the dilemma of twentieth-century man. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the different interpretations of the story in the three plays are not only distinctive in themselves but are also, in varying degrees, relating the past to the present.
Dead or alive: The interplay of grandparental investment according to the survival status of other grandparent types
Authors: Helle Samuli , Tanskanen Antti O , Pettay Jenni , Danielsbacka Mirkka
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUNDAccording to the kin selection theory, grandparental investment has its evolutionary roots in the individuals’ aim to maximise their inclusive fitness. Owing to an increasing overlap between successive generations in modern affluent populations, the importance of grandparental investment remains high. Despite the growing literature on this topic, there is limited knowledge regarding how the survival status of different grandparent types influences each other’s investment in grandchildren. OBJECTIVEThe present study examined how the survival status of grandparents influenced grandparental investment among other grandparent types using a wide range of grandparental investment variables divided into two latent constructs measuring relationship quality between grandparents and grandchildren and grandparental involvement in grandchildren.METHODSWe used Bayesian structural equation modeling with multiple-indicator latent variables and the Involved Grandparenting and Child Well-Being Survey, providing nationally representative data of British and Welsh adolescents aged 11–16-years.RESULTSMaternal grandmothers’ investment was most strongly influenced by whether other grandparents were dead or alive. Living maternal grandfathers and paternal grandmothers had an almost identical positive influence on the investment of maternal grandmothers in their grandchildren. Weaker evidence suggested that living maternal grandmothers decreased the investment of paternal grandmothers and grandfathers. CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest the opposite influences of the survival status of paternal and maternal grandmothers on their investment. The results are discussed with reference to kin competition and incidental exposure.CONTRIBUTIONThe current study represents the first attempt to test whether the survival status of other grandparents is associated with focal grandparents’ investment within and between lineages.
Narrative Control or Aesthetic Ideal: Cognitive Narrative Reading of Milan Kundera’s Life Is Elsewhere
Authors: Mechraoui Sara
Published: November 2020

This study, which is inspired by Cognitive Poetics, aims to test the feasibility of its basic methods on the analysis of Milan Kundera’s novel Life Is Elsewhere (1973). Kundera’s style seems at first plain, but greater importance was given to his philosophical and psychological treatment of subjects than the narratological world that he creates. He brilliantly mixes many narrative techniques to expose his existential and aesthetic ideals. The aesthetic value of the novel studied under the cognitive stylistic approach in this study sought answers to the following question. How can Life Is Elsewhere (1973) be read from a cognitive linguistic perspective? The findings confirmed the relevance of the cognitive poetic approach to the narrow reading of Milan Kundera’s works. Life Is Elsewhere (1973) is a merit of narrative control in that the author allows the reader to live the life story of a young poet, to appreciate his ups and downs, at the same time, read his philosophical ideas about life and his artistic control of the novel. Though a cognitively inspired approach might seem odd at the thematic level, for a purely hermeneutic researcher, the level at which both author and reader would exchange meaning from the text is catered for in the rich textual world of the novel. The latter sustains the universality of the works and confirms the suitability of the cognitive poetic framework to any piece of literature.
Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO): A Novel Method of Obliterating Gastric Varices. Report of Six Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Thapa Ajit , Koirala Dinesh , Pathak Rahul , Chataut Dinesh , Sharma Sashi , Bhandari Brindeswari Kafle , Jha Anurag , Hamal Rabin , Pandey Rajesh , Gyawali Arun , Bhusal Mohan
Published: November 2020

Portal hypertension results in various complications, gastroesophageal varices being one of them. Although less common than esophageal varices, gastric varices are difficult to obliterate and carry a higher mortality rate when bleeding occurs. They are less amenable to sclerotherapy, endoscopic variceal ligation. Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) has been developed as a minimal invasive procedure to obliterate gastric varices. BRTO is an endovascular procedure where a balloon catheter is inserted into a draining vein of gastric varix, and the sclerosant can be injected into the varices through the catheter during balloon occlusion. We report six cases where BRTO was done for gastric varices obliteration.
Adaptive immunity against COVID-19
Authors: Shrestha Umid Kumar
Published: November 2020

The adaptive immune response has often been described as the key player in determining the severity of COVID-19 disease. The COVID-19 outcomes seem to be dependent upon the B-cell– and T-cell–mediated adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Coordinated CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, and antibody responses are protective, whereas, the uncoordinated immune responses are associated with the severe form of COVID-19. Multiple human vaccines in clinical trials to counteract SARS-CoV-2 is based upon the neutralizing antibodies directed at the spike protein. The potential therapeutic and preventive monoclonal antibodies used in human clinical trials are also based on the viral neutralization. The vaccines can generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies comparable with or greater than those seen in sera samples from patients. The induction of sufficient CD4+ helper T-cells and inclusion of vaccine boosts, may be needed to maintain levels of anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. The COVID-19 vaccines are in rapid development by utilizing the knowledge of adaptive immunity against COVID-19, and we are hopeful to get the effective and safe vaccines for the public use very soon.
New Coumarinic Azo-Derivatives of Metoclopramide and Diphenhydramine: Synthesis and In Vitro Testing for Cholinesterase Inhibitory Effect and Protection Ability Against Chlorpyrifos
Authors: AAJ Mahmood , YS Mustafa , M Abdulstaar
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This study aims to synthesize new coumarin azo compounds of metoclopramide and diphenhydramine and to evaluate their in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory effects and protection abilities against chlorpyrifos. Methods: Two series of azo coumarin compounds were synthesized. Series I compound resulted from the diazotization of metoclopramide and then coupling with coumarin and 4-methyl coumarin to give compounds 1 and 2 respectively. Series II compound resulted from the diazotization of 7-aminocoumarin and 7-amino 4-methyl coumarin and then coupling with diphenhydramine to give compounds 3 and 4 respectively. The new compounds were tested for their in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory effect and protection ability against chlorpyrifos using the modified Elman electrometric method. Results: Metoclopramide derivatives with coumarin show selectivity protection for ChE against chlorpyriphos inhibitory effect as protect BChE and increase the inhibition of the AChE, or the opposite. Conclusion: Diphenhydramine derivatives with coumarin show more protective ability for both BChE and AChE as one of them shows the maximum protection for all concentration. However, the other derivative shows different manner as the low concentrations act as metoclopramide derivatives while the high concentration act as first diphenhydramine derivative (protect both AChE and BChE).
Conserved Peptide with Therapeutic Potential to Overcome Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: R Muhaimin , S Widyarti , N Widodo
Published: November 2020

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous-cell carcinoma that arises in the upper lining epithelium of the nasopharynx. In this study, conserved peptide (Ulin-1) of Epstein-Barr virus constructed by Biomodelling and Biocomputation was tested for its ability to stimulate B cells to produce specific antibodies. Spleen cells were isolated and cultured with anti-CD3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and treated or not treated with Ulin-1. Cell culture was harvested six days after incubation and analyzed by flow cytometry. Here, we demonstrated the ability of Ulin-1 to stimulate B cells to produce specific antibodies. The results of this study illustrate the importance of Ulin-1 engineered by Biomodelling and Biocomputation as both active and passive immunization agents against nasopharyngeal cancer.
Operative internal fixation of isolated femoral diaphyseal fractures – is interlocking nail the best option?
Authors: ZF Zairul-Nizam
Published: November 2020

Femoral fractures are one of the commonest fractures encountered in orthopaedic practice. Over the years, treatment of this injury has evolved tremendously. The initial non-operative methods of reduction and stabilization have largely been replaced by operative fixation. There are currently three basic modes of internal fixation of femoral diaphyseal fractures in the adult age group: plate and screws, intramedullary Kuntscher nailing, and interlocking nailing. The objective of this study is to determine whether the socalled more ‘technologically advanced’ interlocking nailing results in better outcome compared to the more ‘traditional’ plate and screws, and Kuntscher nailing. It is found that, in terms of time to union and final function after an average of just under 2 years post-operative period, the group of patients who had interlocking nailing fared poorer. A review of relevant literature will then be presented.
C–kit proto-oncogene expression in uterine leiomyosarcomas: case series
Authors: VR Naik , J Hasnan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The proto-oncogene c-kit is the cellular homologue of the oncogene v-kit of HZ4 feline sarcoma virus. It is located on chromosome 4 (4q11-12) in the human genome. Interaction between the c-kit receptor and its ligand, stem cell factor, is essential in the development of tissues. C-kit expression has been identified in a number of different neoplasms like seminoma/dysgerminoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Recently it has been reported that c-kit is also present in leiomyosarcomas. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a promising new therapy in the treatment of cancer. These agents target cellular proteins like kit and its related homologues decreasing cellular proliferation and survival. TKIs may be helpful in treating leiomyosarcomas expressing c-kit. Materials and Methods: In this study a total of 6 cases diagnosed as leiomyosarcomas at Department of Pathology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia, were investigated for reactivity for c-kit using immunohistochemical stain. Stain was considered positive if more than 10 percent of the cells showed membrane or cytoplasmic positivity. Results: Two leiomyosarcomas stained faintly with c-kit and in less than 10 percent of the cells. The other 4 cases showed no staining. The control showed good membrane and cytoplasmic positivity. Conclusion: Uterine leiomyosarcomas did not express c-kit. The reason for this could be that the tumors are inherently c-kit negative. More study using larger number of cases is required to validate these findings and further molecular characterization of these mesenchymal tumors is needed to identify the true nature of these sarcomas.
Breastfeeding practices among slum mothers: a multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: I Rafiqul , R Mahfuzar , R Mosfequr , IM Nazrul
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the differential patterns of mean duration of breastfeeding among mothers from slum areas in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh by using the multiple classification analysis (MCA). Materials and Methods: The data for this study was collected from mothers from slum areas of 8 different slums of Rajshahi City Corporation who had had at least one child at the time of interview. Results: We showed that the overall mean duration of breastfeeding was 24.66 months for all women, which may show considerable impact on fertility around slum areas in near future. Conclusion: Of all the selected variables in MCA, it was seen that the current age of the children and the body mass index of the respondents appear as the strongest important determinants of duration of breastfeeding and other variables play relatively less important role on the duration of breastfeeding.
Short Communications Caring for Muslim Patients - Some Religious Issues
Authors: AK Iftikhar , IP Parvez
Published: November 2020

Islam is a universal religion and a comprehensive way of life that cannot be separated from patients. Muslim patients are not just passive recipients of medical decisions, but have their own religious views and beliefs about how they would like to be cared for by the medical profession. With the increasing Muslim population in the west, problems arise when a Muslim patient is admitted to a hospital with non-Muslim health caregiver, particularly related to dietary and nutritional issues. The health team should be aware of the religious prohibitions in Islam such as wine or alcohol, flesh of swine, reptiles, birds with talons, canine animals or scavenging creatures, intoxicants etc. The guidelines presented in this paper would enable the health provider to serve their Muslim patients in the most appropriate manner.