bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICTs based Physics Learning
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Kontopoulou Maria-Theofania L.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we concentrate on the implementation and the results of teaching and learning methods which are based on use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for understanding of Physics concepts. These methods are simulations, virtual reality, video games and were used to students of all levels, from elementary school to university for undergraduates and postgraduates students. Also these methods include a wide representative range of Physics` branches.
Convergence Analysis of Households' Consumption Expenditure
Authors: Das Ramesh Chandra , Das Amaresh , Martin Frank
Published: July 2016

Households' consumption expenditure becomes an important determinant of GDP of a country, particularly when the economy is struck by depression with low levels of private and public investments. So maintaining growth of this head of expenditure over time becomes the crucial agenda of the policy makers all over the world. The present chapter tries to analyze whether the developing countries' levels of households' consumption expenditure are converging to the ones in the developed countries during 1980-2013 in the sample of 40 countries. The study reveals that there is no significant absolute ß and s convergence among either in the cross section or in pooling of the data during the given period. But population growth factor is making the countries converge significantly in conditional sense. By separating the entire data we observe that, for the entire period, the developed countries are significantly converging in absolute sense while the developing countries are not, although there are mixed results in s convergence.
Sustainability Reporting in Transitional Economies
Authors: Hassaan Marwa
Published: July 2016

This chapter provides insights on some issues associated with the development of sustainability reporting in Egypt as a transitional economy that recently developed the S&P/EGX ESG index. In a dynamic world, and faced with a scientific proof that relates dangerous climatic changes to corporate activity, corporate financial reporting needs to be placed in perspective. Hence, as a social science, accounting should play a vital role in integrating corporate financial and non-financial measures. Semi-structured interviews were employed to investigate the extent to which sustainability reporting is appreciated in the Egyptian market by both business enterprises and the investors. Results indicate that sustainability information is of limited interest to markets except when it is identified as relevant in terms of risk or governance. On the investors' side, returns were seen as the main driver of portfolio selection. However, sustainability issues would be seriously considered when comparing among alternatives with similar returns.
Can Codes of Ethical Conduct Work?
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: July 2016

Most recently, the world has witnessed a spectacular increase in the size and number of Transnational Corporations (TNCs); an explosion that has resulted in the overseas practices of such companies coming under intense scrutiny, and in the realisation that governments often lack the resources necessary to ensure TNC compliance to international standards in key areas such as labour rights, environmental pollution, and social justice. Against the backdrop of significant failure in national- and international-level attempts to administer Transnational Corporations, this research chapter will examine the effectiveness of codes of ethical corporate conduct devised to enhance the regulation of corporate behaviour. The research presented herein focuses on the conceptualisation of such regulatory mechanisms, and their relationship to the larger corpus of corporate social, commercial, and ethical strategic interactions; evaluating their effectiveness as instruments of privatised governance through the particular examination of corporate stakeholder behaviour and recent examples of global best practice.
A Comparative Study on World-Wide Carbon Emission Convergence
Authors: Mandal Chhanda , Gupta Anita Chattopadhyay
Published: July 2016

Environmental issue is one of the primary concerns in present global scenario for developed as well as developing countries and reducing the emission level of greenhouse gases is the common objective for all. Study of per capita carbon emission convergence is quite significant in the ongoing debate of climate change policy formulation and implementation as future emission level can only decide the incentive to shift to the clean technology. With a balanced panel of 79 countries and 50 years, over 1960-2009, we have tested for both sigma and beta convergence. The data exhibits a possible convergence in carbon emission. The countries are disaggregated twice, first into OECD and Non-OECD countries and then into five categories on the basis of income. OECD countries show absolute and conditional beta convergence, also with sigma convergence. Countries from lower income group have a lower degree of variability in dispersion in the time period being considered. The set of explanatory variables in this analysis are real GDP per capita, population growth rate and trade openness.
Green Supply Chain Management Model for Sustainable Manufacturing Practices
Authors: Bag Surajit , Anand Neeraj , Pandey Krishan Kumar
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the dimensions of green supply chain and their impact on manufacturing practices. In this study, the authors used two extended strategies. First thorough review of literature was done considering articles from reputed journals. Second the factors identified from literature review was further refined through experts by forming a problem solving group consisting of seven experts from the manufacturing sector. These factors were used to develop the green supply chain management model using Interpretive structural modeling. Further MICMAC analysis was used to identify the driving and dependence power of the factors. The results of the analysis are very encouraging. Finally, the authors have presented the relationship management strategy for sustainable manufacturing practices.
Recent Developments in Green Supply Chain Management
Authors: Brown Jay R. , Bushuev Maxim A. , Kretinin Andrey A. , Guiffrida Alfred L.
Published: July 2016

In today's supply chains, green and sustainable business practices have become an integral part of long-term strategy as well as the day-to-day operations, and sourcing and logistics play fundamental roles in ensuring the success of sustainable supply chains. In this chapter, we review recent research on three classes of decision models that are used in the logistics and sourcing functions of sustainable supply chains. Specifically, we examine and summarize recent developments in sustainable decision models for supplier selection, inventory lot-sizing, and last-mile delivery. Our review of the green and sustainable features found in these three models results in a single-source consolidation of models used in sustainable sourcing and logistics. This review may prove useful to researchers who focus on sustainable supply chain management and to practitioners who seek to expand their toolkit of models for the management and control of their supply chain.
Preparation of Silk Fibroin Nanofibres by Needleless Electrospinning Using Formic Acid-Calcium Chloride as the Solvent
Authors: Sasithorn Nongnut , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Martinová Lenka
Published: July 2016

In this study, silk nanofibre sheets were prepared by a needleless electrospinning from silk fibroin in a mixture of formic acid and calcium chloride. The influences of the concentration of calcium chloride on the properties of spinning solution, morphology of the silk electrospun fibres and the spinning performance of the spinning process were examined. The results show that calcium chloride can improve the solubility of silk fibroin in formic acid. The morphology of electrospun fibres was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which indicates that the morphology of obtained fibres was influenced by the weight ratio of silk fibre to calcium chloride in the spinning solution. It was observed that the concentration of calcium chloride in the spinning solution influenced the diameter of the silk electrospun fibres, with an increase in the concentration of calcium chloride increasing the diameters of the electrospun fibres. The silk nanofibres had diameters ranging from 440 to 1900 nm. However, increasing the concentration of calcium chloride in the spinning solution had a less influence on the spinning performance of electrospinning process.
Repair Welding Methodology for the Glasses of the Kaplan Turbine Runner at the Hydro Power Plant Djerdap 1
Authors: Arsić Miodrag , Bošnjak Srđan M. , Grabulov Vencislav , Mladenović Mladen , Savić Zoran
Published: July 2016

Vertical Kaplan turbines, manufactured in Russia and with nominal power of 200 MW, have been installed in 6 hydroelectric generating units at hydro power plant Djerdap 1. Hydroelectric generating sets have been designed for the service life of 40 years due to structural solutions and limited possibilities of performing periodic inspections and state analyses.During the rehabilitation of the hydroelectric generating sets, non-destructive tests were performed on all components and structures in order to complete state analysis. In this paper the damages and methodology of repair welding for damaged glasses, which are the integral part of the kinematic system of runner blades, are presented.
Using of Welding Virtual Numerical Simulation as the Technical Support for Industry
Authors: Slováček Marek , Tejc Josef , Vanek Momir
Published: July 2016

Welding as a modern, highly efficient production technology found its position in almost all industries. At the same time the demands on the quality of the welded joints have been constantly growing in all production areas. Great demand on the quality of the welded joints consequently causes more experimental or prototype – so called – validation joints that take place before the welding of final construction. These experiments, prototypes aim at – for instance – defining the appropriate welding technology, material, pre-heating, welding parameters, clamping condition and optimizing the welding process. Naturally, these experiments and prototypes make production more expensive. Numerical simulations of welding – in the area of production preparation as well as of production proper – have been frequently used recently. Numerical simulations supported by experimental measurements can simulate the actual welding process very close to reality. The new material models for hardness and mechanical properties prediction based on numerical simulation solution will be introduced.The paper covers some typical welding cases from energy industrial sector. The homogenous and heterogeneous weld joints from modern energy Cr-Mo-Ni-V steels (including modern austenitic steels) were done as prototype welding. The numerical simulation of these weld joints including post weld heat treatment process were done and welding technologies were optimised based on the numerical simulation results. The calculated hardness was compared with real measurements. During project the complete material properties which are needed for numerical simulation were measured. Simplify numerical lifetime prediction of weld joints including results from numerical welding analyse (as residual stresses and plastic deformation) were done.
Technological Aspects Regarding Manual Metal Arc Welding Using Pulsed Current for Fillet Joints Applications
Authors: Burca Mircea , Magda Aurelian , Lucaciu Ioan
Published: July 2016

The idea of using electrical pulse current at manual arc welding with coated electrode starts from the observation of frequency influence, unchanging in manual TIG welding with filler materials, on weld pool volume, by partial solidification of the weld pool in base time of the pulse current, thus being able to control its volume.This paper presents for the first time this new challenge of inverter modern sources: manual metal arc welding using pulsed current.Experimental research findings highlight the technological aspects when using pulsed current in manual metal arc welding, using STEL welding equipment that has this option. The application - concerns the establishment the lack of fusion welded joints in fillet positions. It highlights the beneficial effect of pulsed current, in particular by the joint penetration.Experiments have pursued highlighting of welding pulsed current and frequency of the pulses by the appearance of the joint and the influence by weld geometry for lack of fusion fillet joint. Also, the influence of frequency pulsed current by arc stability, sprays, etc. compared with standard welding was observed.
Tool Wear and Surface Roughness Evolution in Hole Making Process of Inconel 718
Authors: Eckstein Martin , Vrabeľ Marek , Maňková Ildikó
Published: July 2016

The paper focuses on tool wear and surface roughness indicators evaluation associated with hole making of nickel based super alloy Inconel 718 widely used in aero engine industry. Within study of tool wear and surface integrity, series of experimental tests were performed on an Inconel 718 specimen. Special attention was paid to ensure that the cutting conditions correspond to the industrial practice. Two steps of hole making sequence consists of a drilling process applying a twist drill that removes most of the stock. This operation is followed by a second machining process, typically applying a face – cutting finisher (reamer), which removes an additional (radial) stock between 0.1 mm to 0.25 mm per side. Tool wear appeared predominantly as flank wear VBmax and evolution of surface roughness Ra and Rz has a similar trend for drilling and finishing.
Comparison of Milling Strategies when Machining Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Ižol Peter , Vrabeľ Marek , Maňková Ildikó
Published: July 2016

The article deals with comparison and evaluation of the milling strategies that are available in CAM systems and are used to produce components with freeform surfaces. For the purpose of the experiment, sample with freeform features was designed to employ different milling strategies when 3 axis machining. Evaluation of the milling strategies was carried out by surface roughness measurement, comparison of the actual machining time with a simulation time as well as visual control of the sample surface with a surface obtained in simulation. Acquired research results can be utilized within production process of tools with sculptured surfaces, such as tools for metal sheet forming, dies, molds for plastics and many others.
Mechanical Benefits of Gas Assisted Injection Moulding Application in Design of Structural Parts
Authors: Košík Miroslav , Bílik Jozef , Polakovič Filip
Published: July 2016

Due to of many advantages and specific properties plastics are gradually becoming the most widely used materials in the engineering industry. In the last years, more and more metal parts are converted to plastic, in the cases of mechanically loaded parts as well. However, the usage of plastic is limited by its mechanical properties and production possibilities. Conventional injection moulding as the most productive plastic part production technology mostly enables the manufacturing of thin-wall parts with uniform wall thickness, what restricts full-fledged utilization of plastics. In this study, the benefits of progressive gas assisted injection moulding is investigated in order to produce plastic parts with higher mechanical properties. The paper presents complex study with respect to structures generated in material during gas penetration state, orientation of reinforced short fibres, stress relaxation behaviour, notch effect of rough gas channel surface, producible cross-section profiles with high moment of inertia and undesirable production effects, which can occur during gas aided moulding technologies. Finally, the mechanical properties of specimen produced by conventional and gas-assisted injection moulding were compared using numerical analyses. For comparison, integration of two numerical solver - FVM for fluid analysis of plastic/gas injection and FEM for structural analysis of specimen strength/stiffness were used.
Cladding of Wear-Resistant Layers in Metallurgy and Engineering
Authors: Viňáš Ján , Greš Miroslav , Vaško Tomáš
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the application of weld layers used in renovations of functional surfaces of components that are exposed to several tribodegradation factors in operation of metallurgical and engineering industries. Surfaces of selected components are renovated using arc welding processes, namely: (MMAW) Manual Metal Arc Welding, (SAW) Submerged Arc Welding methods, (GMAW) Gas metal arc welding and (FCAW) Flux cored wire metal arc welding without gas shield. Claddings were made always three-layered directly on the surfaces of renovated components using dedicated cladding machines in operations and laboratory conditions respectively. Their quality was assessed using non-destructive tests, namely (VT) visual testing by STN EN ISO 17637 and (UT) Ultrasonic testing STN EN ISO 11666. Within the destructive tests the quality of claddings was evaluated using the metallographic analysis conducted on a light microscope Olympus BX and electron microscope Jeol where the impact of mixing the weld metal as well as heat treatment after cladding on the final structure of claddings was observed. Using the Shimadzu HMV 2 device the microhardness of cladding layers was evaluated on metallographic samples by STN EN ISO 9015-2. In laboratory conditions the resistance of cladding layers to abrasive wear was verified on the device Di-1. Experimental testing of the claddings confirmed that the selected additives and cladding parameters witting individual technology were chosen correctly as in cladding layers no presence of internal defects was observed.
The Influence of the Filler Material on Weld Joints Made of Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Ertel Jozef , Bárta Jozef , Marônek Milan , Bílik Jozef
Published: July 2016

Application of beam welding methods for joining austenitic, duplex and other stainless steels is the right choice which not only lowers weld joint degradation but increases the production efficiency. There are many different demands on butt joints of duplex steels. One of them is equal ratio between austenite and ferrite of weld metal, because it can significantly influence the weld joints performance in real environment. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of filler material on mechanical and technological properties of weld joints made from stainless steel SAF 2507.
Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained on Materials by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Rokosz Krzysztof , Hryniewicz Tadeusz , Malorny Winfried
Published: July 2016

The main goal of present paper is to obtain porous coatings enriched in copper by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on titanium and niobium as well as on NiTi and Ti6Al4V alloys. Performed SEM and EDS studies confirmed the hypothesis that it is possible to create the porous surfaces with pores, which shapes and size are different. In order to show the copper enrichment inside the surface layers, the copper-to-phosphorus ratios were used. Based on these ratios it may be concluded that average value of Cu/P is maximal for NiTi alloy after oxidation in electrolyte containing 300 g of copper nitrate in 1 liter of phosphoric acid and equals 0.26. The minimum of Cu/P ratio equaling to 0.12 was recorded for pure titanium and pure niobium treated in electrolyte containing 300 g of Cu (NO3)2 in 1 L H3PO4.
Study on the Shrinkable Behavior of PETG/PET Blending Shrink Film
Authors: Dong Xing Guang , Zhou Shen Jie
Published: July 2016

This paper has studied heat shrinkable behaviors of PETG/PET blending film under different blending ratio. The shrink curve, shrink force, film structure and film seaming property were studied by use of electron stretcher, SEM, shrink force tester, shrinkage tester and so on. The results indicated that PETG/PET blending film had uniform internal structure, single melting point which increased with the PET content, and more than 75% TD shrinkage of PETG/PET blending film was achieved which can be widely used in sleeve labels, but MD shrinkage and shrink force was gradually increased with the increase of PET content inside. At the same time, PETG/PET shrink film had better film stiffness, lower seaming strength, higher density and sharper shrink curve under same shrink temperature.
Wettability of TiAl Alloy on Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Liu Ai Hui , Li Bang Sheng
Published: July 2016

The wettability between liquid Ti-50Al (at.%) (TiAl) and calcia-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2 (CaO)) in the gravity field and/or electromagnetic fields was studied in argon atmosphere. The results show that the equilibrium contact angle between liquid TiAl and ZrO2 (CaO) decreased from 63° in the gravity field to 50° in the electromagnetic field. However, the time required for the system to achieve equilibrium in the electromagnetic field was 16s, which was longer than that in the gravity field. The effect of the electromagnetic field on the wettability between TiAl and ZrO2 (CaO) was explained by the total free energy at the liquid/solid interface and activity of Ti element.
Elastic Properties of Thulium Doped Zinc Borotellurite Glass
Authors: Hasnimulyati Laoding , Halimah Mohamed Kamari , Azmi Zakaria , Shaari Abdul Halim , Ishak Mansor
Published: July 2016

A series of Tm-doped zinc borotellurite glass have been extracted by conventional melt-quenching method. The density was measured and it had been found that the value is increased by the increment of Tm3+ ion. The elastic properties of the sample were determined by measuring longitudinal and shear velocities using an ultrasound technique. Then the values inserted into equations that calculate the elastic moduli of the glass samples. These include longitudinal, shear, bulk, Young’s modulus and also the Poisson’s ratio. The longitudinal and shear velocities show an increment as Tm3+ increases from 0.01 to 0.03 mol content. The trend then changes as Tm3+ increases from 0.03 to 0.05 mol content. In terms of elastic moduli, it produces a rapid increment with Tm3+ until 0.03 mol content. But after that, the increment becomes slow until 0.05 mol of Tm3+. The value of Poisson’s ratio decreases with the addition of Tm3+ concentration.
Nanostructured Ceramic-Polymer Coatings for Face Seals
Authors: Apelfeld A.V. , Krit Boris L. , Ludin Valeriy B. , Morozova Natalia V. , Ryzhikov Iliya A. , Savva Vladimir V. , Somov Oleg V.
Published: July 2016

An increase in the durability and reliability of the technological equipment and tools with regard to economic and environmental factors is directly related to the tribological properties of coupling details (wear resistance, coefficient of friction, seizure, etc.). The problem can be solved only through the deep and science-based approaches, one of which should be considered is surface engineering. The article discusses the use of the hybrid technology of the surface synthesis of nanostructured composite polimer-ceramics coatings to manufacture face seals of high-precision durable, low-torque and fast-running mechanisms.
Die verhouding tussen ouer en jonger geslagte in die Nuwe Testament: ’n Filologiese studie
Authors: Goede Hennie
Published: July 2016

Churches experience tension between the ministry needs of younger and older generations in the congregation. A focus on either one or the other brings polarisation in congregations between younger and older members. The profile of the Early Church as sketched in the New Testament, however, draws a picture in which both younger and older generations are ministered. This study investigates texts from the New Testament philologically which sketch this picture and attempts to draw conclusions therefrom which can provide possible solutions to the tension between the ministry needs of younger and older generations in congregations. From this philological study it appears among others that the congregation must consist in its nature of younger and older members and that ministry practices must do justice to both groups. They are indeed all part of the household of God and thus spiritual brothers and sisters of one another. A healthy relationship between younger and older generations in the church is built on reciprocal respect, love, humility, and willingness to serve. When congregations implement these aspects and others in their ministry practices, they move closer to the New Testament image of a church in which both young and old believers have a place to serve and to be served.Keywords: New Testament; younger and older generations; philological study
‘Het u net een seën?’: Vrede as oorvloeiseën as tema in Genesis 12–50
Authors: Krüger Paul
Published: July 2016

‘Have you but one blessing?’: Peace as overflow of blessings in Genesis 12–50. A theme often overlooked in the patriarchal history (Gn 12–50) is the blessings bestowed on individuals outside the covenantal lineage, for example Ishmael and Esau. This article considers how blessings, promised to the patriarchs, also brought peace and benefits to individuals who were assimilated into the covenant as well as to divarications of the covenantal lineage, and to individuals with whom the patriarchs interacted in civil society. Blessings, promised to Abraham’s descendants, had a spiralling effect and universal tendency.
Does the Christian worldview provide a place for the law of attraction? (Part 2): An apologetic evaluation of the way the Bible is used in promoting this idea
Authors: Maritz Dani�l J. , Stoker Henk G.
Published: July 2016

This article investigates the biblical motivation that is given for the secular idea of the so-called spiritual law of attraction to become part of Christian doctrine. In 2010 Pastor At Boshoff of the Christian Revival Church (CRC) preached two sermons on the law of attraction in which he claimed it as a powerful principle in the Word of God. According to him this biblical �law� provides human beings with physical manifestations of their thoughts and words. The idea to create one�s own favourable future through the law of attraction flows from a New Age worldview and is similar to the positive confession doctrine taught by popular Word of Faith teachers. Boshoff�s claim regarding the law of attraction cannot be deduced from the key Scripture passages he uses, which reflects an unfounded use of Scripture to promote this idea.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article challenges the secular infiltration of the Law of Attraction in the church. This is important since the so-called Law of Attraction was preached by Pastor A. Boshoff of the CRC. Many of his listeners embrace his teaching although it reflects a poor exposition and application of Scripture.
Web-Based Job Aids Using RESTXQ and JavaScript for Authors of XML Documents
Authors: Galtman Amanda
Published: July 2016

Using XML as the source format for authoring technical publications creates opportunities to develop tools that provide analysis, author guidance, and visualization. This case study describes two web applications that take advantage of the XML source format of documents. The applications provide a browser-based tool for technical writers and editors in a 100-person documentation department of a software company. Compared to desktop tools, the web applications are more convenient for users and less affected by hard-to-predict inconsistencies among users' computers. One application analyzes file dependencies and produces custom reports that facilitate reorganizing files. The other helps authors visualize their network of topics in their documentation sets.

Both applications rely on the XQuery language and its RESTXQ web API. The visualization application also uses JavaScript, including the powerful jQuery and D3 libraries. After discussing what the applications do and why, this paper describes some architectural highlights, including how the different technologies fit together and exchange data.
Hidden Markup — The Digital Work Environment of the "Digital Dictionary of Surnames in Germany"
Authors: Horn Franziska , Hambuch Jörg , Reker Sandra
Published: July 2016

This paper will report on Onodi, the digital work environment developed for the project “Digital Dictionary of Surnames in Germany” (Digitales Familiennamenwörterbuch Deutschlands, DFD). Onodi combines three major components: oXygen XML Editor, eXist-db database, and the content management system TYPO3. It provides a solution that frees editors from direct interaction with the XML code: the markup is hidden behind an interface. Onodi also has an automatic publication feature that can be initiated with just two mouse clicks.

In this paper we would like to show the benefits of this modular approach, since it utilizes the strengths of every single well-developed system and integrates them as necessary. In this way it makes use of basic features and functions already implemented and expands them for special requirements of the onomastic dictionary project.

In the first part of the paper, we present the DFD-project in terms of its aims, contents, methods and organization. We then present the digital work environment Onodi in terms of its basic principles and modular construction. We illustrate some fundamental features for hidden markup supplied by oXygen on the basis of the implementation in the DFD. Thereafter, we offer a detailed presentation of features specially developed by the DFD technical team. These comprise a simple way of inserting identifiers and the linkage of data in the literature database with the surname database. The paper ends with a presentation of the publication process and its interaction with the components of Onodi.
The Mystical Principles of XSLT
Authors: Lenz Evan
Published: July 2016

The mature XSLT developer has an inner seeing about how a stylesheet works that can seem almost mystical to an outsider. But demystification is possible using an XSLT visualizer, making the structure of a transformation visible. Due to its functional nature, XSLT is particularly well-suited to software visualization, because an XSLT transformation can be represented and viewed as a static dataset. A subset of XSLT visualization (using a “trace-enabled” stylesheet to generate representations of transformation relationships) was used to empower non-programming staff to predict, understand, and manipulate content enrichment rules. We would like to generalize these case-specific techniques into a general tool for XSLT. There are challenges including scalability (memory usage), what to visualize and what not to, avoiding noise for the user, and whether to store annotations externally or within the result document.
Integrating Top-down and Bottom-up Cybersecurity Guidance using XML
Authors: Lubell Joshua
Published: July 2016

This paper describes a markup-based approach for synthesizing disparate information sources and discusses a software implementation of the approach. The implementation makes it easier for people to use two complementary, but differently structured, guidance specifications together: the (top-down) Cybersecurity Framework and the (bottom-up) National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-53 security control catalog. An example scenario demonstrates how the software implementation can help a security professional select the appropriate safeguards for restricting unauthorized access to an Industrial Control System. The implementation and example show the benefits of this approach and suggest its potential application to disciplines other than cybersecurity.
FOXpath - an expression language for selecting files and folders
Authors: Rennau Hans-Jürgen
Published: July 2016

A new expression language (FOXpath, short for folder XPath) enables XPath-like addressing of files and folders in a file system. The first version of the language is a modified copy of XPath 3.0, with node navigation removed and file system navigation added. The language is based on the data model XDM 3.0, without assuming any modifications of the model. In a second step, the language was merged back into XPath 3.0, resulting in FOXpath 3.0, which is a superset of XPath 3.0. The new expression language supports node navigation, file system navigation and a free combination of both functionalities within a single path expression. A reference implementation is described, and the possibility of extending the new functionality beyond file systems is discussed.
Creatures of a season
Authors: Sperberg-McQueen C. M.
Published: July 2016

Thoughts about permanence, longevity, and transience.
A technique for rapid source apportionment applied to ambient
organic aerosol measurements from the Thermal desorption Aerosol
Gas chromatograph (TAG)
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Williams Brent J. , Goldstein Allen H. , Docherty Kenneth S. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We present a rapid method for apportioning the sources of atmospheric organic aerosol composition measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods. Here, we specifically apply this new analysis method to data acquired on a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) system. Gas chromatograms are divided by retention time into evenly spaced bins, within which the mass spectra are summed. A previous chromatogram binning method was introduced for the purpose of chromatogram structure deconvolution (e.g., major compound classes) (Zhang et al., 2014). Here we extend the method development for the specific purpose of determining aerosol samples’ sources. Chromatogram bins are arranged into an input data matrix for positive matrix factorization (PMF), where the sample number is the row dimension, and the mass spectra-resolved eluting time intervals (bins) are the column dimension. Then two-dimensional PMF can effectively do three-dimensional factorization on the three-dimensional TAG mass spectra data. The retention time shift of the chromatogram is corrected by applying the median values of the different peaks’ shifts. Bin width affects chemical resolution, but does not affect PMF retrieval of the sources’ time variations for low-factor solutions. A bin width smaller than the maximum retention shift among all samples requires retention time shift correction. A six-factor PMF comparison among aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), TAG binning, and conventional TAG compound integration methods shows that the TAG binning method performs similarly to the integration method. However, the new binning method incorporates the entirety of the data set and requires significantly less pre-processing of the data than conventional single compound identification and integration.
Validation of the new HelioClim-3 version 4 real-time and short-term forecast service using 14 BSRN stations
Authors: Thomas Claire , Saboret Laurent , Wey Etienne , Blanc Philippe , Wald Lucien
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite images acquired every 15 min during daytime are currently processed by the Heliosat-2 method every night to generate the HelioClim-3 (HC3) database of the surface solar irradiation for the day before. A new service is proposed based on version 4 of HC3 (HC3v4) that offers real-time and forecasted irradiation for horizons up to a few hours. The service is based on a local persistence of the clear-sky index. Its results were compared to coincident high quality 15 min global irradiations measured in fourteen stations belonging to the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). For forecasts for a temporal horizon of 15 min ahead, the relative bias and root mean square error (RMSE) range respectively from 0 to 2 %, and 20 to 23 % for most stations. The correlation coefficient ranges from 0.94 to 0.95. These performances are similar to HC3v4 for the same stations. Expectedly, the quality of the forecasts degrades as the temporal horizon increases. For 1 h ahead forecasts of 15 min irradiation, the relative bias, root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient range respectively from −3 to 1 %, 30 to 37 %, and 0.90 to 0.91.
High-resolution land surface fluxes from satellite and reanalysis data (HOLAPS v1.0): evaluation and uncertainty assessment
Authors: Loew Alexander , Peng Jian , Borsche Michael
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Surface water and energy fluxes are essential components of the Earth system. Surface latent heat fluxes provide major energy input to the atmosphere. Despite the importance of these fluxes, state-of-the-art data sets of surface energy and water fluxes largely differ. The present paper introduces a new framework for the estimation of surface energy and water fluxes at the land surface, which allows for temporally and spatially high-resolved flux estimates at the quasi-global scale (50° S, 50° N) (High resOlution Land Atmosphere Parameters from Space – HOLAPS v1.0). The framework makes use of existing long-term satellite and reanalysis data records and ensures internally consistent estimates of the surface radiation and water fluxes. The manuscript introduces the technical details of the developed framework and provides results of a comprehensive sensitivity and evaluation study. Overall the root mean square difference (RMSD) was found to be 51.2 (30.7) W m−2 for hourly (daily) latent heat flux, and 84 (38) W m−2 for sensible heat flux when compared against 48 FLUXNET stations worldwide. The largest uncertainties of latent heat flux and net radiation were found to result from uncertainties in the solar radiation flux obtained from satellite data products.
Development and Psychometric Relationship between Occupational Prestige and Social Health of Nursing Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tohidi Shahin , Shoorvasi Maryam , Shayan Arezoo , Ahmadinia Hassan , Furohari Sedigheh
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: One of the features that any profession possesses is that it occupies a social status relative to other professions. The present paper contributes to the discussion on the relationship between nursing occupational prestige and social health.

METHOD: This study was a cross-sectional research that was conducted in 2015. The study population consisted of 200 staff nurses working in all hospitals located in Hamedan, Iran. A convenience sampling was employed to select 200 nurses who were asked respond to the 25item Keyes’s Social Health Questionnaire and the16-item Nursing Occupational Prestige Questionnaire. Higher score reflected better social health and occupational prestige. The quantitative analysis of this study was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).

RESULTS: The results showed that the nurses’ mean score of social health and nursing occupational prestige were respectively 43.88±9.18 and occupational prestige44.83±25.14. Social health was significantly related to occupational prestige in the nurses (r=0.15, P=0.04). 66.5% of the nurses were reported to have average occupational prestige and 75.5% of them were believed to have average social health. There was a statistically significant difference in scores of the occupational prestige among the nursing post (P=0.01), job satisfaction (P<0.001) and job interest (P=0.007).

CONCLUSION: Nurses’ social health deserves special attention. Effective social health promotion strategies should be considered for promoting their social health particularly in occupational prestige.
Work-life Balance Practices and Workplace Attitudes in Private Hospitals in Jordan
Authors: Diab Hannah , Suifan Taghrid S.
Published: July 2016

The main aim of this research is to contribute to the body of literature revolving around work-life balance (WLB) and its causal relationship with desired workplace outcomes. Particularly, the interest was directed towards investigating the linkage between WLB practices and workplace attitudes of job satisfaction and organizational commitment along with the mediation effect of work-life conflict. The research also sought to differentiate between formal and informal WLB practices in order to examine the more influential of the two.

This research was applied to the context of private hospitals in Jordan targeting medical-staff. With 450 questionnaires randomly distributed to medical-staff working in private hospitals in Jordan, 363 responses were obtained and analyzed yielding a response rate of 81 percent. Fitness-of-measure tests (reliability and validity) were first carried out to assess the suitability and generalizability of the obtained sample. Subsequently, data was analyzed and the research hypotheses were tested for possibility of rejection.

Results revealed the rejection of all hypotheses implying a statistically significant relationship between WLB practices and workplace attitudes of job satisfaction and organizational commitment with the former being more affected by the relationship than the latter. The findings also confirmed the mediation effect of work-life conflict. Furthermore, informal WLB practices were found to be superior to formal practices in terms of attaining desirable organizational outcomes. Finally, the research disclosed the fact that physicians—of all the segments under study—had the most conflict between work and life responsibilities.
Predictive policing: politiewerk aan de hand van voorspellingen
Authors: de Vries A. , Smit S.
Published: July 2016

From predictive policing to prescriptive policing

Law enforcement around the world, including the Netherlands, is currently experimenting with predictive policing: policing based on crime predictions. Big Data on past crimes and the help of sophisticated machine learning enable police to use reliable predictions about when and where the next offense will take place. If the effectiveness of policing actions is stored in the system, it can also predict which intervention is most effective. This is called prescriptive policing. The authors explain how these methods work, how reliable and effective they are and which associated risks can be identified. The authors emphasize that legal, ethical and organizational safeguards are necessary for a responsible implementation.
Technologie voor opsporing en handhaving
Authors: Custers B. , Vergouw B.
Published: July 2016

Promising policing technologies. Experiences, obstacles and police needs regarding law enforcement technologies

Police forces and law enforcement agencies in many countries are continuously trying to optimize the use of technologies in policing and law enforcement. Efforts are being made to remove existing technological, legal and organizational obstacles to create more opportunities of promising technologies, both existing and new. This contribution describes the results of a survey among 46 police forces and other law enforcement agencies in eleven countries. Their experiences with policing technologies and their needs and preferences in this regard are described. The prevalence and satisfaction of existing technologies, including wiretapping, fingerprints, DNA research, database coupling, data mining and profiling, camera surveillance and network analyses were investigated. Legal, technological and organizational obstacles for the use of technology in policing were mapped and the extent to which policing technologies are evaluated and yield success stories was investigated. The main obstacles, according to the respondents, are insufficient financial resources and insufficient availability of technology. One in four organizations is lacking any clear, appealing success stories and half of the respondents indicated they were not performing any evaluations on the effectiveness of using particular technologies in policing. As a result, the information available on whether technologies in policing are actually working is very limited.
Reflecties op het verantwoord gebruik van kunstmatige intelligentie
Authors: Dignum M.V. , van den Hoven J.
Published: July 2016

Reflections on the responsible use of artificial intelligence

The potential perils of robots and other forms of artificial intelligence (AI) have been a subject for discussion since the 1950s. Nevertheless it seems that society is still not prepared for the great impact of the rapid advancement of AI in the last decennium and the many ethical dilemmas involved. How can moral, social and legal values be integrated in the designing process of AI technologies? Is it imaginable that these AI systems would ever be considered as ethical entities? How to control these systems? The authors argue that we should not only analyze these problems, but also reflect on ethics itself. AI has the potential to change the way we live and work. But it is important to introduce restrictions and controls to guarantee our freedom, autonomy and fundamental human rights.
O imperativo da cultura digital: entre novas tecnologias e estudos culturais
Authors: Bortolazzo Sandro Faccin
Published: July 2016

artigo investiga a produção de uma Cultura Digital atuando como imperativa e articula conceitos que envolvem comunicação e tecnologias. Esta investigação chama atenção para a presença de um regime tecnológico digital considerado imperativo e, muitas vezes, indispensável. Os achados do estudo apontam também para uma Cultura Digital que invade os diversos espaços de sociabilidade, instituindo a integração das tecnologias às diversas atividades cotidianas.Palavras chave: Cultura Digital; Tecnologias Digitais; Estudos Culturais.El imperativo de la cultura digital:entre las nuevas tecnologías y los estudios culturalesResumen: el artigo investiga la producción de una cultura digital que actúa como imperativa y articula conceptos que se relacionan con la comunicación y las tecnologías. Esta investigación pone en relieve la presencia de un régimen tecnológico digital considerado imprescindible e indispensable. Los hallazgos del estudio también apuntan una cultura digital que invade los diferentes espacios de sociabilidad, forjando e instituyendo la integración de las tecnologías en las diversas actividades diarias.Palabras Clave: Cultura Digital; Tecnologias Digitales; Estudios Culturales.The imperative of digital culture Between new technologies and cultural studiesAbstract: the article investigates the production of a Digital Culture acting as imperative and articulates concepts involving communication and technologies. This research draws attention to the presence of a digital technological regime considered imperative and indispensable. The study findings also point to a Digital Culture that invades the different spaces of sociability, forging and instituting the integration of technologies into daily activities.Keywords: Digital Culture; Digital Technologies; Cultural Studies.