bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventral striatum dysfunction in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder: functional MRI study
Authors: Takiguchi Shinichiro , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Mizushima Sakae , Saito Daisuke N. , Okamoto Yuko , Shimada Koji , Koizumi Michiko , Kumazaki Hirokazu , Jung Minyoung , Kosaka Hirotaka , Hiratani Michio , Ohshima Yusei , Teicher Martin H. , Tomoda Akemi
Published: November 2015

Background

Child maltreatment is a major risk factor for psychopathology, including reactive attachment disorder (RAD).

Aims

To examine whether neural activity during reward processing was altered in children and adolescents with RAD.

Method

Sixteen children and adolescents with RAD and 20 typically developing (TD) individuals performed tasks with high and low monetary rewards while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Significantly reduced activity in the caudate and nucleus accumbens was observed during the high monetary reward condition in the RAD group compared with the TD group (P=0.015, family-wise error-corrected cluster level). Significant negative correlations between bilateral striatal activity and avoidant attachment were observed in the RAD and TD groups.

Conclusions

Striatal neural reward activity in the RAD group was markedly decreased. The present results suggest that dopaminergic dysfunction occurs in the striatum of children and adolescents with RAD, leading towards potential future risks for psychopathology.
Conditional Deletion of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (Phd2) Gene Reveals Its Essential Role in Chondrocyte Function and Endochondral Bone Formation
Authors: Cheng Shaohong , Xing Weirong , Pourteymoor Sheila , Schulte Jan , Mohan Subburaman
Published: November 2015

The hypoxic growth plate cartilage requires hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated pathways to maintain chondrocyte survival and differentiation. HIF proteins are tightly regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (Phd2)-mediated proteosomal degradation. We conditionally disrupted the Phd2 gene in chondrocytes by crossing Phd2 floxed mice with type 2 collagen-α1-Cre transgenic mice and found massive increases (>50%) in the trabecular bone mass of long bones and lumbar vertebra of the Phd2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice caused by significant increases in trabecular number and thickness and reductions in trabecular separation. Cortical thickness and tissue mineral density at the femoral middiaphysis of the cKO mice were also significantly increased. Dynamic histomorphometric analyses revealed increased longitudinal length and osteoid surface per bone surface in the primary spongiosa of the cKO mice, suggesting elevated conversion rate from hypertrophic chondrocytes to mineralized bone matrix as well as increased bone formation in the primary spongiosa. In the secondary spongiosa, bone formation measured by mineralizing surface per bone surface and mineral apposition rate were not changed, but resorption was slightly reduced. Increases in the mRNA levels of SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9, osterix (Osx), type 2 collagen, aggrecan, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, and glycolytic enzymes in the growth plate of cKO mice were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increased HIF-1α protein level in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of cKO mice. Infection of chondrocytes isolated from Phd2 floxed mice with adenoviral Cre resulted in similar gene expression patterns as observed in the cKO growth plate chondrocytes. Our findings indicate that Phd2 suppresses endochondral bone formation, in part, via HIF-dependent mechanisms in mice.
Thyroid Hormone Stimulation of Autophagy Is Essential for Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Activity in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Lesmana Ronny , Sinha Rohit A. , Singh Brijesh K. , Zhou Jin , Ohba Kenji , Wu Yajun , Yau Winifred WY. , Bay Boon-Huat , Yen Paul M.
Published: November 2015

Thyroid hormone (TH) and autophagy share similar functions in regulating skeletal muscle growth, regeneration, and differentiation. Although TH recently has been shown to increase autophagy in liver, the regulation and role of autophagy by this hormone in skeletal muscle is not known. Here, using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that TH induces autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner in skeletal muscle. TH induction of autophagy involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation of 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)- Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) signaling. TH also increased mRNA and protein expression of key autophagy genes, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Sequestosome 1 (p62), and Ulk1, as well as genes that modulated autophagy and Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1/3a. TH increased mitochondrial protein synthesis and number as well as basal mitochondrial O2 consumption, ATP turnover, and maximal respiratory capacity. Surprisingly, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis were blunted when autophagy was blocked in muscle cells by Autophagy-related gene (Atg)5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Induction of ROS and 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by TH played a significant role in the up-regulation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A), the key regulator of mitochondrial synthesis. In summary, our findings showed that TH-mediated autophagy was essential for stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in skeletal muscle. Moreover, autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis were coupled in skeletal muscle via TH induction of mitochondrial activity and ROS generation.
Binding Selectivity of Abaloparatide for PTH-Type-1-Receptor Conformations and Effects on Downstream Signaling
Authors: Hattersley Gary , Dean Thomas , Corbin Braden A. , Bahar Hila , Gardella Thomas J.
Published: November 2015

The PTH receptor type 1 (PTHR1) mediates the actions of two endogenous polypeptide ligands, PTH and PTHrP, and thereby plays key roles in bone biology. Based on its capacity to stimulate bone formation, the peptide fragment PTH (1–34) is currently in use as therapy for osteoporosis. Abaloparatide (ABL) is a novel synthetic analog of human PTHrP (1–34) that holds promise as a new osteoporosis therapy, as studies in animals suggest that it can stimulate bone formation with less of the accompanying bone resorption and hypercalcemic effects that can occur with PTH (1–34). Recent studies in vitro suggest that certain PTH or PTHrP ligand analogs can distinguish between two high-affinity PTHR1 conformations, R0 and RG, and that efficient binding to R0 results in prolonged signaling responses in cells and prolonged calcemic responses in animals, whereas selective binding to RG results in more transient responses. As intermittent PTH ligand action is known to favor the bone-formation response, whereas continuous ligand action favors the net bone-resorption/calcemic response, we hypothesized that ABL binds more selectively to the RG vs the R0 PTHR1 conformation than does PTH (1–34), and thus induces more transient signaling responses in cells. We show that ABL indeed binds with greater selectivity to the RG conformation than does PTH (1–34), and as a result of this RG bias, ABL mediates more transient cAMP responses in PTHR1-expressing cells. The findings provide a plausible mechanism (ie, transient signaling via RG-selective binding) that can help account for the favorable anabolic effects that ABL has on bone.
High performance thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposite based on graphene nanoplates (GNPs)
Authors: Tarawneh Mou’ad. A. , YU L. J. , Tarawni Musab A. , Ahmad Sahrim Hj. , Al-Banawi O. , Batiha Mohammad A.
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the enhancement in the properties of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) reinforced by graphene nanoplates (GNPs). TPE is a blend of polypropylene (PP), natural rubber (NR) and liquid natural rubber (LNR), which is used as a compatibiliser at a percentage of volume ratio 70:10:20, respectively. Using TPE as the host matrix, TPE/GNPs nanocomposites are processed, and the mechanical, electrical and structural properties are characterised. The results extracted from the tensile and the impact tests showed that the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and the impact strength of the nanocomposites also increased as the filler loading increased until an optimum value of filler loading was reached. Based on the experimental results, GNPs strongly affected the electrical conductivity due to disruption of the GNPs percolated network. It is believed that the high aspect ratio of GNPs is a critical issue concerning the constitution of a special interface region between the GNPs and TPE matrix and the high performance of the composites.
Organic geochemical characteristics and their roles on barium enrichment in the No. 2 Coal from Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield, China
Authors: Yi Shu , Xiao Lin , Zhang Yong , Duan Dujuan , Blokhin Maksim G.
Published: November 2015

This paper describes the organic geochemical characteristics and their roles on barium enrichment in the No. 2 Coal from Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield, China. A total of 18 bench samples were taken from Huangling Mine 2. The average content of barium (3701 mg/kg) was about 23 times higher than that of common world coals. Terrestrial higher plants were the main coal-forming parent material. Relying on the parameters of OEP, Pr/Ph and so on, there is little correlation between organic geochemical characteristics and barium enrichment. Therefore, organic material has little influence on the process of coal-forming and the enrichment of barium.
Exergy analysis of Eregli sugar factory
Authors: Sahin Necmettin , Kaplan Erkan , Bayrak Mustafa , Yaka I. Faruk , Gungor Afsin
Published: November 2015

Progressive decline in world energy resources, rising costs, on behalf of the various studies has led businesses to use energy resources efficiently. This work is at the top of the exergy analysis. In this study, using data from Eregli Sugar Factory 2010–2011 campaign year for sugar production processes, the first law of thermodynamics (energy analysis) and analysis of these condlaw (exergy analysis) were conducted. Depending on there sults of this analysis of the sugar production process yields the first and these cond law is calculated. Obtained in the light of the secalculation stoin crease theen ergy efficiency of the plant, was tetoprovide energy to gainth embackand give direction to the development of new technologies Eregli Sugar Factory recommendations were made.
Object Salience in the Division of Labor: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Raveendran Marlo , Puranam Phanish , Warglien Massimo
Published: November 2015

When we engage in the process of division of labor, there are typically multiple alternatives, but insufficient knowledge to choose among them. Under such conditions, we propose that not all alternatives are equally likely to be pursued. In particular, when we engage in the process of division of labor for novel and nonrepetitive production, we argue that we display a tendency to perceive and select object-based task partitions over activity-based partitions. We experimentally investigate how the salience of objects over activities manifests itself in individuals and groups engaged in division of labor for the assembly of strongly or weakly decomposable products. We draw implications for organization design as well as the impact of technological change on organizations.

This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
The Effects of Age and Expertise on Product Evaluations: Does the Type of Information Matter?
Authors: Wang Jing , Cole Catherine A.
Published: November 2015

To better understand two large consumer segments, the boomers and the echo-boomers, we examine whether and why experts and novices from these two segments rely on attribute versus benefit information in product evaluations. In four studies, we show that expertise affects younger consumers, such that younger novices evaluate products more favorably when the descriptions feature benefit information, whereas younger experts evaluate products more favorably when the descriptions feature attribute information. However, both older novices and experts evaluate products described with benefit information more favorably than those described with attribute information. We further show that differences in the perceived diagnosticity of different types of information mediate the effects of expertise and age on product evaluations. We theorize that age differences in perceived diagnosticity occur because older and younger consumers spontaneously construe information in different ways. Therefore, age differences in the effect of expertise on evaluations should disappear when construal levels are controlled. Consistent with our hypotheses, we demonstrate that when primed to construe information at concrete levels, older consumers behave just like younger consumers—older experts formed more favorable evaluations toward products described with attribute information, but older novices formed more favorable evaluations toward products described with benefit information. When younger consumers are primed to construe information at abstract levels, they prefer products described with benefit information regardless of expertise, just like older consumers. We discuss the implications of our results for both researchers and practitioners.

This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
The Impact of Stakeholder Orientation on Innovation: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Flammer Caroline , Kacperczyk Aleksandra
Published: November 2015

In this study, we assess the causal impact of stakeholder orientation on innovation. To obtain exogenous variation in stakeholder orientation, we exploit the enactment of state-level constituency statutes, which allow directors to consider stakeholders’ interests when making business decisions. Using a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that the enactment of constituency statutes leads to a significant increase in the number of patents and citations per patent. We further argue and provide evidence suggesting that stakeholder orientation sparks innovation by encouraging experimentation and enhancing employees’ innovative productivity. Finally, we find that the positive effect of stakeholder orientation on innovation is larger in consumer-focused and less eco-friendly industries.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2229 .

This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
ECG of the month
Authors: Regan Martin
Published: November 2015

Martin Regan presents an ECG for you to analyse
Introducing a buddying scheme for first year pre-registration students
Authors: Campbell Anne
Published: November 2015

Student buddying schemes have been found to be helpful for a variety of different university students. This article describes a scheme where first year pre-registration child nursing students are buddied with second-year students, which was first initiated in the academic year 2012/2013. The first year students were aware that peer support was available but contact was only maintained by a minority of students. At present it is uncertain what impact the scheme has had on attrition figures, particularly in the first year. Initial evaluation indicates that students found the scheme helpful and would like it to continue to be available to first-year students.
Efficacy of a superabsorbent dressing with Hydration Response Technology
Authors: Butcher Martyn
Published: November 2015

Moderately and heavily exuding wounds are associated with delayed healing and an increased risk of infection. Elevated proteases found in chronic wound fluid keep a sustained state of inflammation. Superabsorbent dressings can absorb large quantities of exudate without losing their structure. Some are also able to bind and sequester proteases and bacteria within their structure. This article summarises the in-vitro and clinical evidence on the efficacy of Cutimed® Sorbion® Sachet S. The findings indicate that it helps facilitate autolytic debridement, absorbs exudate and reduces inflammation, and thus the risk of infection.
Wound-bed preparation: the importance of rapid and effective desloughing to promote healing
Authors: Milne Jeanette
Published: November 2015

This article describes effective ways of diagnosing and removing slough from a wound bed. It highlights how slough is a key contributor to wound chronicity, and gives practical clinical information on how to address this. The various methods of removing slough will be discussed including the mechanism of action of dressings and other mechanical methods. The ultimate objective of the article is to put the term desloughing on the clinical agenda and increase clinician familiarity with it. The practical focus of the article will help clinicians select a proven method to facilitate the rapid removal of slough, it is hoped that in doing so this will help to prevent chronicity, reduce the potential for bacterial proliferation and promote rapid and effective wound healing outcomes.
Bildung vor Bildern
Authors: Pazzini Karl-Josef
Published: November 2015

Vor Kunst findet unfreiwillig Bildung statt - und nicht nur dort. Allerdings kann man sie hier eher bemerken als im Alltag, wo Bilder dauernd einfallen. Dies ist weder zu stoppen noch mit Präzision zu fördern. Die psychoanalytische Erfahrung zeigt jedoch: Eingefallene Bilder können nicht nur bilden, sondern ebenso zu Verhärtungen bis zur Dummheit führen. Der notwendige Schutz durch Einbildungen kann zu einer zu großen Distanz zur Welt, zu eingebildeter Autonomie und Souveränität führen, so dass unbewusste Schutzbilder kaum noch neue Erfahrungen zulassen. In diesem Band geht es ums Durchbrechen und Loslassen, um Enteignung, Verzicht, Umwandlung, Auflösung, Schwingung, Umbau und Vorbilder.
Modelling the mechanical properties of paper honeycomb panels using the finite element method
Authors: UTASSY Viktor , DÉNES Levente
Published: November 2015

Az üzemanyagárak és szállítási költségek emelkedése a szállított termékek tömegének csökkentési igényét vonja maga után. Következésképpen a bútoriparban is növekszik a kereslet a fa alapanyagú könnyített lemeztermékek iránt. A már jól ismert termékek mellett az utóbbi években számos kísérlet történt új könnyűszerkezetű bútorlapok fejlesztésére, melyek közül néhány már kereskedelmi forgalomban is megtalálható. Az új termékek általános mechanikai tulajdonságait egyszerű vizsgálatokkal tudjuk meghatározni, azonban az ilyen komplex, szendvics-típusú termékek mérnöki felhasználásához viselkedésük alaposabb megértésére van szükség. Jelen kutatásban a papír méhsejtrács középrétegű lemeztermékek legfontosabb mechanikai tulajdonságait mutatjuk be, melyeket szabványos módszerekkel vizsgáltunk, illetve a deformációk és az egyes komponensekben ébredő feszültségek szimulációját végeselemes modellezéssel. A modellnél alkalmazott anyagjellemzők meghatározása célirányos vizsgálatokkal történt, az ortotróp anyagmodellek igényeinek megfelelően. A modellek igazolásához a szimulációs eredményeket az azonos fizikai modelleken végzett vizsgálatok eredményeivel hasonlítottuk össze. A feszültség-alakváltozás görbék lineáris szakaszán a feszültségek és alakváltozások szimulált és mért értékeinél jó egyezését találtunk, a modellek adekvát módon becsülik a vizsgált tulajdonságokat.
Usability examination of laser interferometer for precision measurement on a 5 degrees of freedom CNC machining center
Authors: KOVÁCS Péter , MAGOSS Endre
Published: November 2015

A CNC megmunkáló központ pontossága, a faipari üzemekben függ a gép és a munkadarab rezgésitől, az alapanyag minőségétől és a gép elmozdulásának pontosságától. Három további tényező hatással van a CNC központ pozicionálására: a gépváz merevsége, a vezérlés és hajtáslánc pontossága. A cél az, hogy egy háromdimenziós hibatérkép készüljön, amelyben meghatározásra kerül a munkatérben a gép pontossága és a későbbiekben pedig, ezt kiegészítve egy rezgésszint meghatározás a gép főbb megmunkálási pozícióiban.

A mérések egy Agilent lézer interferométer segítségével történtek egy 5D-s UniTeam Professional 30 CNC megmunkáló központon, ami a Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem, Faipari Gépészeti Intézetében található meg.

A mérésekkel meghatározásra került a ferde fogazású fogasléc-fogaskerék kapcsolat működési hézaga, amikor a gép az abszolút nullpont felé közeledik az X tengelyen. Ugyanez a viselkedés figyelhető meg az Y tengelyen a golyósorsó esetében. Megállapításra került, hogy a konzolon kifele haladva egyre nagyobb pontatlanságot kapunk. A pozícionálási mérések során az is kiderült, hogy a gép útmérő és vezérlő rendszere megfelelően működik.
The anxiety-proficiency relationship and the stability of anxiety: The case of Chinese university learners of English and Japanese
Authors: Jin Yinxing , De Bot Kees , Keijzer Merel
Published: November 2015

Adopting a longitudinal design, this study investigates the effects of foreign language anxiety on foreign language proficiency over time within English and Japanese learning contexts. It also explores the stability of anxiety in English and Japanese over time and the stability of anxiety across English and Japanese. Chinese university students (N=146), who were simultaneously learning Japanese and English, participated in this study. Data were collected twice over a 2-month interval, using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, the English Proficiency Scale, and the Japanese Proficiency Scale. Results showed that anxiety changes had a significantly negative, but weak, correlation with the development of overall proficiency and the proficiency in sub- skills such as reading or speaking, for both English and Japanese, suggesting the interference of anxiety with proficiency levels. Anxiety in Japanese tended to decrease significantly over time, but no significant change was found for English. Furthermore, no significant difference between anxiety in Japanese and English was found at either testing time.
Promoting international posture through history as content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in the Japanese context
Authors: Lockley Thomas
Published: November 2015

This article uses the conceptual framework of second language willingness to communicate (L2 WTC), and in particular the contributory construct of international posture (IP; Yashima, 2002), to report on a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) course taught in the Japanese university context. The research follows up an exploratory, small-scale study with a focused qualitative investigation. Due to space restrictions the current paper reports only on the key qualitative findings and attempts to build a picture of how the theme of the course, Japanese international history, affected learners’ IP, a construct that has been shown to be key to Japanese learners of English’s L2 WTC (Yashima, 2002). It is shown that after completing the course, learners felt more connected to the wider world, and as a result IP developed in varied and meaningful ways, seemingly increasing L2 WTC and stimulating critical thinking facilities both within and without the classroom.
CLIL and non-CLIL students’ beliefs about language
Authors: Sylvén Liss Kerstin
Published: November 2015

This article presents the findings of an innovative qualitative study involving one CLIL (content and language integrated learning) student and one student in a parallel, non-CLIL strand at high school level in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in students’ beliefs about language. The success of second (L2) and foreign language (FL) learning depends to a large degree on individual differences (Dörnyei, 2005; Skehan, 1991). Differences are normally elicited through questionnaires, interviews, and/or observations. In the present study, the aim was to get direct access to the informants’ own perspectives, without the content being too directed through predetermined questions. In this study, students were asked to take photos illustrating how they view (a) their L1 (Swedish), and (b) the FL/L2 English. Then the photos were thematically organized by the researcher. Subsequently, the thematic organization and the photos themselves were discussed with each of the informants during an inter iew. The informants were asked to elaborate on each theme and/or picture as to why and how it illustrates the respective language for them. The findings reveal substantial differences between the two informants in their views on their L1 and FL/L2, with the CLIL student highlighting communication rather than seeing the two languages as separate systems, and the non-CLIL student seeing language rather the other way around.
Achieving academic control in two languages: Drawing on the psychology of language learning in considering the past, the present, and prospects for the future
Authors: Cohen Andrew D.
Published: November 2015

This paper first considers what it means to become truly proficient in a language other than the native one. It then looks briefly at the evolution of dual language programs. Next, it focuses on the issue of whether the first language (L1) or the second language (L2) serves as the language of mediation. Other dual language program issues are then discussed, such as how proficient learners actually become in academic and social language in the L2, their proficiency in grammar and pronunciation, and possible administrative constraints in the design and execution of such programs. Finally, attention is given to a guidebook written directly for dual language learners and for their teachers in which learners are encouraged to take a proactive role to ensure that they make the most of their dual program language learning and use experiences.
Comparison and maximum principles for a class of flux-limited diffusions with external force fields
Authors: Duong Manh Hong
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we are interested in a general equation that has finite speed of propagation compatible with Einstein's theory of special relativity. This equation without external force fields has been derived recently by means of optimal transportation theory. We first provide an argument to incorporate the external force fields. Then, we are concerned with comparison and maximum principles for this equation. We consider both stationary and evolutionary problems. We show that the former satisfies a comparison principle and a strong maximum principle while the latter fulfils weaker ones. The key technique is a transformation that matches well with the gradient flow structure of the equation.
Inkunabelforschung am Beispiel des Speyerer Druckers Peter Drach
Authors: Schlechter Armin
Published: November 2015

Peter Drach der Mittlere (1450–1504) war der wichtigste Speyerer Inkunabeldrucker. Er druckte vor allem marktgängige lateinische Werke nach, während volkssprachige Ausgaben keine große Rolle spielten. Die zum Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz gehörende Pfälzische Landesbibliothek in Speyer besitzt mit etwa 155 Ausgaben einschließlich Fragmenten eine vergleichsweise kleine Inkunabelsammlung. Von diesen gehen allein 90 Ausgaben auf Speyerer Inkunabeldrucker zurück. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Exemplare aus der Druckerei Drach, welchen Nutzen das Wasserzeichen-Informationssystem für die Inkunabelerschließung aus Speyerer Perspektive hat.
Microgel-functionalised fibres with pH-optimised degradation behaviour – a promising approach for short-term medical applications
Authors: Fehér Katalin , Romstadt Tobias , Böhm Christian A. , Kolkenbrock Martin , Blau Maximilian F. , Kuehlwetter Jens , Molano Lopez Astrid Catalina , Pich Andrij , Hannen Julian , Bürgermeister Lisa , Schaaps Nicole , Vogt Felix , Gries Thomas , Jockenhövel Stephan
Published: November 2015

Resorbable polymers have been established for several decades in biomedical applications. The most frequently used resorbable polymers are still the aliphatic polyesters polylactides (PLA), polyglycolid (PGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) homo- and copolymers. However, inherent pH dropping during degradation of some biomaterials may provoke inflammation and, thus, hamper the healing process. In this study we investigate the manufacturing method of microgel functionalised PLA Fibres in a dry-spinning process and the buffering effect of the poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate) vinylimidazole (VCL/AAEM/Vlm) microgels during the degradation of the fibres. Furthermore we examine the biocompatibility of the produced fibres and established a mathematical model to describe and analyse the pH level in the vicinity of the PLA fibre.
Retrospective evaluation of pubertal development and linear growth of girls with Turner Syndrome treated with oral and transdermal estrogen
Authors: Çakır Esra D.P. , Sağlam Halil , Eren Erdal , Özgür Taner , Tarım Ömer F.
Published: November 2015

The objective of the study was to evaluate the pubertal development and linear growth of Turner Syndrome (TS) girls regularly monitored in our department.

The data of 13 patients with TS were evaluated retrospectively. Left hand radiograms were evaluated by three different pediatric endocrinologists to determine bone ages.

Six (46.2%) of the TS girls were treated with oral estrogens, while 7 (53.8%) were treated with transdermal estrogen. The ratios of chronological age (CA) difference to bone age (BA) difference (ΔCA/ΔBA) in two groups of patients treated with estrogen were compared at the time of the last control. The ΔCA/ΔBA ratio in the transdermal estrogen-treated group was significantly higher (p=0.005). These results suggest slower BA progression in the TS girls treated with transdermal estrogen.

BA advancement is less significant with transdermal estrogen, which is associated with adequate breast development.
Studies on the separation of89Sr(II) from irradiated yttria target using 4, 4′(5′) di-tert-butyl-cyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6) by solvent extraction technique
Authors: Debasish Saha  , Vithya Jayagopal , Kumar Ramalingam , Venkata Subramani Canchipuram Ramamoorthy , Vasudeva Rao Polur Ranga
Published: November 2015

The radioisotope 89Sr as 89SrCl2 is
medically useful for bone pain palliation and is produced in fast
reactors using the 89Y(n, p)89Sr
reaction. A procedure for isolation of the radionuclide
89Sr by chemical processing of the irradiated
Y2O3 target has been standardised and trial runs have
been carried out at the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR),
Kalpakkam. The chemical processing of the irradiated Y2O3
target involves i) the removal of target Y(III) by TBP
extraction and ii) further purification of the separated
89Sr fraction by cationic exchange chromatography. However
a selective isolation of 89Sr by the Sr-specific
crown ether makes the above chemical processing faster and relatively
simple. This work presents a study on the selective removal of
Sr from the irradiated target dissolver solution using the
Sr-specific crown ether 4,4′(5′)
di-tert-butyl-cyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6) in octanol
medium. The separation behaviour of the other impurities such as
Ce(IV), Y(III), Tb(III), Eu(III),
Zn(II), Mn(II) and Rb(I) present along with
Sr(II) in the irradiated sample was also investigated. The
method of separation by using the crown ether DtBuCH18C6 is proved to
be a potential tool for the purification of 89Sr(II)
source produced from yttria target in fast reactors.
Canonical equation K
61 for random non-Hermitian matrices A + B(U + γH)C
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L.
Published: November 2015

In this paper we apply the REFORM method for the
deduction of the system of canonical equations K
61 for normalized spectral functions of
the matrices A + B(U + γH)C.
Silver Bullets and Seed Banks
Authors: Robertson David G.
Published: November 2015

This article examines how millennial (and apocalyptic) prophecy in contemporary conspiracy theory culture is both constructed from, and in turn produces, material things. Influential radio host and filmmaker Alex Jones (b. 1974), constructs his prophecies of imminent “Fall of America,” engineered by a shadowy cabal of Satan-worshiping socialists, from material things—ammunition purchases, birth certificates, chemtrails and extreme weather. At the same time, his prophecies in turn nurture an industry producing water filters, “seed banks,” and freeze-dried food for the “preppers” who would survive—material expressions of their millenarianism. These processes illuminate how material concerns actively construct worlds of belief, whether religious or apparently secular.
Farinha de banana verde como ingrediente funcional em produtos alimentícios
Authors: Silva Andréa dos Anjos , Barbosa Junior José Lucena , Barbosa Maria Ivone Martins Jacintho
Published: November 2015

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos, a banana verde tem despertado interesse do mercado consumidor, pois, além do aspecto nutricional, destaca-se a presença de compostos funcionais, em especial o amido resistente. Contudo, sua adstringência limita seu consumo e sua comercialização em forma de farinhas é a principal forma de consumo e utilização, como ingrediente funcional. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os potenciais usos da farinha de banana verde (FBV) na elaboração de produtos alimentícios e os principais métodos de obtenção, e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade físico-química, sensorial e funcional das farinhas obtidas. Fatores como tipo de cultivar ou variedade da fruta, presença ou ausência de casca, técnica de desidratação e condições de operação do equipamento influenciam as características físico-químicas, tecnológicas e funcionais da FBV. A FBV tem sido utilizada como ingrediente funcional na elaboração de diferentes produtos alimentícios, como pão, biscoito cookie, pré-mistura de bolo, snacks, nuggets e, sobretudo, na elaboração de massas alimentícias. De forma geral, o emprego de FBV e produtos alimentícios promove a melhoria de suas propriedades funcionais, devido ao aumento do teor de amido resistente, compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante. A FBV também reduz o teor e a porcentagem de hidrólise do amido digerível e, consequentemente, do índice glicêmico dos produtos, que apresentaram potencial para compor a dieta, principalmente de indivíduos diabéticos e obesos. A FBV pode ser amplamente utilizada tanto pela indústria de alimentos (pães, biscoitos, macarrão, etc.), como ingrediente na preparação de pratos prontos e na elaboração de produtos cárneos.
Lepidoptera (Insecta) associated with soybean in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay
Authors: Formentini Aline Carraro , Sosa-Gómez Daniel Ricardo , Paula-Moraes Silvana Vieira de , Barros Neiva Monteiro de , Specht Alexandre
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: The present research updates the systematic position and nomenclature of Lepidoptera associated with soybean crops in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Scientific literature lists 69 species of Lepidoptera feeding on soybean plants. These species are representatives of the Superfamilies Noctuoidea (31), Pyraloidea (13), Hesperioidea (12), Tortricoidea (5), Geometroidea (5), and Bombycoidea (3). Diversity of Lepidoptera associated to crop, injury in different parts of the plant, and changes in species composition are discussed considering the changes in plant disease management, introduction of plants expressing Bt proteins, and the recent introduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) as a new crop pest.
Incidence of Mythimna sequax parasitized in wheat crop
Authors: Bortolotto Orcial Ceolin , Menezes Júnior Ayres de Oliveira , Hoshino Adriano Thibes , Salgado-Neto Geraldo
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the natural parasitism of Mythimna sequax Franclemont, 1951, in wheat during the crop season of 2008. In total, 237 larvae were captured, of which 10.12% were parasitized. The Tachinidae species Winthemia trinitatis (Thompson, 1963), Winthemia tricolor (Wulp, 1890), Lespesia aletiae (Riley, 1879), and Lespesia archippivora Beneway, 1963 are reported for the first time parasitizing the wheat armyworm in Brazil. In addition, two other genus of parasitoids were identified, one Tachinidae Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and one Ichneumonidae Ophion (Fabricius, 1798). This study reported for the first time four Tachinidae species parasitizing W. sequax, and further studies are needed to promote the conservation of these parasitoids in agroecossystem and development biological control programs for management of the wheat armyworm.
Virus isolation in cell culture for confirmatory diagnostic of rabies in bovine specimens
Authors: Kanitz Fabio Adriano , Cargnelutti Juliana Felipetto , Weiblen Rudi , Batista Helena Beatriz de Carvalho Ruthner , Flores Eduardo Furtado
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the suitability of virus isolation (VI) in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2A) and baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) as a confirmatory test for diagnosis of bovine rabies. Fourty-eight brain samples from cattle suspected of rabies were initially submitted to fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) for routine diagnostic. Subsequently, these specimens were submitted to three protocols of VI in each cell line: a single 24h or 72h passage (T1, T2), or three 48h passages (T3). The FAT and MIT combined detected 32/48 positive samples, from which MIT detected 32 and FAT 31. The average time required for final MIT results was 12.3 days (8 - 21). VI in BHK-21 cells provided definitive, positive results in 100% of the samples in 72h (T2) and in 96.9% after three 48h passages (T3). VI in N2A cells yielded positive results in 100% in 72h (T2) and in 93.7% of samples after three 48h passages (T3). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 100% in T2 in N2A and BHK-21 cells, and the Kappa value was excellent in both cells (k=1). A single 24h passage (T1) in both cell lines performed poorly, detecting less than 40% of the positive samples. Taking together, these results indicate that VI in both cell lines, especially in BHK-21 cells that grow faster and are much easier to maintain, does represent an adequate alternative for MIT as a confirmatory test for rabies diagnostic in bovine specimens, yielding reliable results in reduced time.
Molecular characterization of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus isolated from rose in Brazil
Authors: Fajardo Thor Vinícius Martins , Nascimento Monique Bezerra , Eiras Marcelo , Nickel Osmar , Pio-Ribeiro Gilvan
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: There is no molecular characterization of Brazilian isolates of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), except for those infecting peach. In this research, the causal agent of rose mosaic was determined and the movement (MP) and coat (CP) protein genes of a PNRSV isolate from rose were molecularly characterized for the first time in Brazil. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of MP and CP complete genes were aligned and compared with other isolates. Molecular analysis of the MP and CP nucleotide sequences of a Brazilian PNRSV isolate from rose and others from this same host showed highest identities of 96.7% and 98.6%, respectively, and Rose-Br isolate was classified in PV32 group.
Utilização de embalagens Tetra Pak® como isolante térmico no revestimento de escamoteadores para leitões
Authors: Sartor K. , Sarubbi J. , Lazzari R. , Souza S. , Paim R. W. , Medeiros B. B. L.
Published: November 2015

RESUMOForam conduzidos dois experimentos em laboratório e em condições de campo para avaliação da eficiência térmica da embalagem Tetra Pak(r)como isolante térmico em escamoteadores aquecidos. No experimento em laboratório, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, adotando-se dois tratamentos (com e sem revestimento de embalagens Tetra Pak(r)) com 15 repetições (dias). O experimento em condições de campo foi conduzido na sala de maternidade de suínos. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, adotando-se dois tratamentos com 12 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: escamoteadores aquecidos com e sem revestimento interno com embalagem Tetra Pak(r). Foram medidos os dados de temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura superficial do piso, temperatura superficial da pele, comportamento e ganho de peso dos leitões lactentes. O uso da embalagem Tetra Pak(r)como isolante térmico no revestimento de escamoteadores manteve a temperatura ambiente confortável (32°C), proporcionando conforto térmico aos leitões lactentes.
Utilização da biomassa remanescente de pastagens de estação fria para produção de forragem conservada
Authors: Meinerz G. R. , Olivo C. J. , Nörnberg J. L. , Viégas J. , Agnolin C. A. , Scheibler R. B. , Skoniesk F. R. , Ziech M. F. , Quatrin M. P.
Published: November 2015

RESUMOEsta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da biomassa remanescente de pastagens de estação fria para produção de silagem e feno. As espécies testadas foram: aveia preta cv. Agro Zebu, azevém anual cv. Comum e trigo cv. BRS Tarumã. As forrageiras foram pastejadas por vacas em lactação da raça Holandesa, sob método de pastejo de lotação rotacionada. A silagem e o feno foram elaborados da biomassa remanescente das pastagens, 20 dias após o final do período de pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3x2, com três repetições. Foram avaliados o rendimento de forragem, a composição botânica e a estrutural da forragem conservada, os parâmetros fermentativos da silagem e o valor nutritivo da silagem e do feno. O rendimento de forragem foi similar entre as espécies, e o material ensilado apresentou pequenos percentuais de lâminas foliares e grãos. A silagem apresentou características fermentativas desejáveis. A ensilagem apresentou menores perdas de componentes solúveis e proporcionou uma forragem com valor nutritivo mais elevado em relação à fenação, sendo a forma mais indicada para conservar a biomassa remanescente de pastagens de estação fria.
Ocorrência de Leishmania infantum em fezes de cão
Authors: Nery G. , Meneses I. D. S. , Trueb I. , Larangeira D. F. , Barrouin-Melo S. M.
Published: November 2015

RESUMOEste é o primeiro relado sobre a ocorrência de Leishmaniasp. em fezes de cão. Foram encontradas formas amastigotas intra e extracelulares por meio de citologia de amostra fecal de um cão apresentando hematoquezia recorrente associada à leishmaniose visceral canina. O diagnóstico de Leishmania infantumfoi confirmado por PCR de fezes e por cultura e PCR em amostras de baço.
Avaliação hemogasométrica em cadelas com piometra
Authors: Mamão L. D. , Malm C. , Figueiredo M. D. S. , Beier S. L. , Silva M. X. , Valente P. C. L. G. , Costa M. P. , Alvarenga L. A. A. , Costa P. Z. , Souza E. F. D. , Pinto A. P. D.
Published: November 2015

RESUMOA piometra é uma afecção comum em cadelas com uma etiologia hormonal associada à infecção bacteriana, levando ao acúmulo de exsudato uterino. Desequilíbrios ácido-base e hidroeletrolíticos são complicações que contribuem para a progressão da doença, o que piora o estado geral da paciente e pode levá-la ao óbito. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar os distúrbios ácido-base e eletrolíticos em cadelas com piometra, além de avaliar se a terapia hídrica pré-cirúrgica (Ringer lactato) é efetiva na correção desses desequilíbrios. Vinte cadelas com piometra foram submetidas à hemogasometria em oito tempos preestabelecidos. Concluiu-se que o distúrbio ácido-base mais frequente foi a alcalose respiratória e que a terapia hídrica no pré-cirúrgico com solução Ringer lactato foi efetiva na correção da acidose metabólica e proporcionou melhora na alcalose respiratória, embora não tenha corrigido quadros de alcalose metabólica.
Plasma PGFM and progesterone concentrations, luteolysis moment and estrous cycle length in Nelore cows submitted to uterine biopsies
Authors: Martin I. , Membrive C. M. B. , Vettorato L. F. , Binelli M. , Oba E. , Ferreira J. C. P.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, endometrial samples were collected in 14 Nelore cows on days zero (ovulation), five, nine, thirteen and nineteen of the estrous cycle (biopsy group), and in 15 females these collections weren't performed (control group). Biopsies were done on the uterine horn endometrium contralateral to the ovary with corpus luteum. Blood samples were taken at -24, -16, -8, 0 +8, +16 and +24 hours in relation to progesterone drop (<1ng/mL, zero moment) and evaluated for 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma progesterone concentration was determined by RIA every 24 hours. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC GLM and MIXED of the SAS. The mean value for PGFM during the entire period evaluated was greater in the biopsy group. The mean concentration of PGFM at moment zero was not different between the groups; the mean concentration of PGFM was higher in the biopsy group before and after the drop in progesterone level. The maximum mean concentration observed was not different between the groups; however, the mean minimum concentration was different with high values in the biopsy group. Although the PGFM concentrations were higher in the biopsy group, the biopsy and control groups had similar length of estrous cycle showing that repeated endometrial biopsy on the side contralateral to the ovary with corpus luteum does not affect luteolysis and the length of the estrous cycle.
Conformação de úbere de caprinos da raça Saanen: parâmetros estéticos ou funcionais?
Authors: Santos D. S. , Lima M. G. B. , Noznica C. F. , Lima D. M. , Batista C. F. , Gomes R. C. , Bertagnon H. G. , Santos B. P. , Libera A. M. M. P. Della
Published: November 2015

RESUMODiversos fatores predisponentes são descritos para as afecções mamárias ou distúrbios secundários que comprometem a qualidade e produtividade de leite de fêmeas nas diferentes espécies. As características fenotípicas do úbere são consideradas na avaliação econômica de uma fêmea caprina, tanto pelo potencial de produção como pelo registro genealógico dessa fêmea. A limitação de estudos correlacionando essas características com a saúde do úbere gera a dúvida a respeito do significado da conformação do mesmo à saúde e produtividade da glândula mamária. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar os parâmetros da conformação do úbere com a celularidade da glândula mamária aferida pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT) e contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em 80 cabras da raça Saanen sem alterações no exame clínico da glândula mamária nem no teste de Tamis. Observou-se que a maioria dos parâmetros fenotípicos de úbere não influenciou a CCS, sendo considerados puramente estéticos. A circunferência e profundidade de úbere demonstraram correlação negativa com a celularidade e, por serem características de herdabilidade moderada a alta, podem ser parâmetros considerados para seleção genética de caprinos.