bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Privatization and Marketization of Pensions in Europe: A Double Transformation Facing the Crisis
Authors: Ebbinghaus Bernhard
Published: January 2016

In response to the demographic challenges and fiscal constraints, many European welfare states have moved toward the privatization and marketization of pensions in order to improve their financial sustainability. The privatization of retirement income responsibility has led to a shift from dominantly public pensions to a multi‐pillar architecture with growing private pillars composed of personal, firm‐based, or collectively negotiated pension arrangements. At the same time, marketization has led to the introduction and expansion of prefunded pension savings based on financial investments as well as stronger reliance of market‐logic principles in the remaining public pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) pensions. However, there are also important cross‐national variations in the speed, scope, and structural outcome of the privatization and marketization of European pension systems. Liberal market economies, but also some coordinated market economies (the Netherlands and Switzerland) as well as the Nordic countries have embraced multi‐pillar strategies earlier and more widely, while the Bismarckian pensions systems and the post‐socialist transition countries of Eastern Europe have been belated converts. The recent financial market and economic crisis, however, indicates that the double transformation may entail short‐term problems and long‐term uncertainties about the social and political sustainability of these privatized and marketized multi‐pillar strategies.
Portability of Supplementary Pension Rights in Europe: A Lowest Common Denominator Solution
Authors: Guardiancich Igor
Published: January 2016

In its effort to guarantee the free movement of workers, the European Union devised an advanced system of coordination of social security rights. Since 1958, statutory pensions are being aggregated for workers moving across the Member States. However, until mid‐2014, the portability of supplementary pension rights was not assured, there by undermining the freedom to labor mobility. This impaired the efficient allocation of labor, prevented sound family planning, infringed the fundamental right to social protection and during the Great Recession, hindered the employability of workers across a slowly recovering Europe. After nine years of negotiations, the EU has finally passed a Portability Directive, which is, however, a watered down version of the 2005 original proposal. Given such state of affairs, this study has three aims. First, it explains why portability of supplementary pensions, as opposed to the coordination of statutory ones, has been neglected and contested for a long time. Second, it illustrates the shortcomings of a patchy coordination‐without‐portability regime. Third, it enumerates the characteristics of the Portability Directive passed by the European Parliament in April 2014, and the strategic steps undertaken to secure its final adoption.
Risk‐based Regulation in Continental Europe? Explaining the Corporatist Turn to Risk in German Work Safety Policies
Authors: Paul Regine , Huber Michael
Published: January 2016

While having gained relevance in Anglo‐Saxon scholarly and political debates, risk‐based regulation seems to be a stranger to continental European settings. The more fragmented and often corporatist forms of decision making in countries such as Germany have been identified as key obstacles to a risk‐based rationalization of policy interventions. Based on an in‐depth case study of German work safety policies, this article nuances this account theoretically and empirically. It argues, firstly, that current risk‐based regulation studies suffer from a systemic bias toward the competition‐oriented forms of regulation so widely spread in the Anglo‐Saxon world. They thereby misread the dynamics and rationalities of alternative regulatory approaches elsewhere in Europe. Secondly, as our policy analysis shows, this is especially true of corporatist and self‐regulatory forms of policymaking, which characterize the case of German work safety. Rather than impeding the adoption of risk‐based regulation, corporatist arrangements bear distinct structural features that render risk tools attractive. This finding goes beyond the scope of contemporary risk‐based regulation scholarship. Unlike claimed for the Anglo‐Saxon context, hopes of efficiency and effectiveness are not boosters for risk‐based approaches in corporatist work safety policy arrangements. Instead, risk tools serve the structural need to sustain trust relationships, rationalize consensus finding, and promote solidarity within self‐regulatory settings. We conclude that a corporatist type of risk‐based regulation needs to complement the existing competition‐based type to account for the spatial, functional, and ideological diversity of empirical cases of risk‐based regulation. We also propose the first advances toward such a new research agenda, highlighting most importantly the necessity to trace the emergence and dynamics of specific types of risk‐based regulation in research frameworks which can surmount national essentialism.
Water Industry (Law) Reforms: The Adoption of Australian Drinking Water Guidelines in Western Australia — From Targets to Aspirations
Authors: Coles Neil
Published: January 2016

The past two decades have overseen a dramatic shift in the way Australians view water resources, their value, and the way in which it is allocated and managed. Water law and regulatory reforms within government and industry at National and State levels have resulted in unprecedented changes in the way governments, councils, and corporate bodies are structured to manage it. Although Western Australia has been at the forefront of the planning and regulatory reforms required to manage two decades of declining rainfall and expanding population, much of the reform is driven by the National agenda. Modifications in water policy, water industry re‐structure, and water supply and drinking water quality guidelines were introduced with this reform agenda. This paper evaluates the changes in the water industry, and in the way in which water resources are managed and water is licensed and regulated to deliver quality drinking water through the framework of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines in Western Australia.
Factores que inciden en la probabilidad de permanecer en la informalidad en Colombia (2008-2012): un análisis de las medidas de política pública
Authors: Ramírez Gallego Jurany Beccie , Avila Carreño Camilo Andrés , Arias Manrique Ingrid Jisell
Published: January 2016

Este documento analiza los efectos que tienen algunas medidas de política pública sobre las decisiones de los individuos de participar en el mercado laboral bajo la modalidad de informalidad. Se emplea un modelo Probit para el análisis de los datos. La conclusión final no podrá ser que las políticas públicas generen más o menos pobreza, sino si hay algún efecto sobre la participación laboral en el mercado informal.
Causas de la satisfacción laboral en una organización comercializadora mayorista
Authors: Zayas Agüero Pedro Manuel , Báez Santana Rafael Antonio , Zayas Feria Josué , Hernández Lobaina Marianela
Published: January 2016

Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las causas que influyen en la satisfacción laboral en una comercializadora mayorista, permitiendo establecer las estrategias y las acciones para lograr un proceso de mejora continua de la organización. En la metodología se emplearon técnicas como: escalas, encuestas, entrevistas y observación directa, todas interrelacionadas, procediéndose a la triangulación de los resultados. Se validaron por expertos los instrumentos diseñados. El procesamiento estadístico se hizo usando el software estadístico SPSS. En los resultados de la investigación se detectaron los aspectos que inhibieron la satisfacción laboral en los empleados, así como el conjunto predominante de dimensiones e indicadores que identifican las principales insuficiencias existentes. 
Sincronización cíclica del sector manufacturero de méxico y estados unidos desde una perspectiva no lineal autorregresiva con transición suave
Authors: Zepeda-Mercado Gabriela
Published: January 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es validar el modelo Autorregresivo de Transición Suave (STAR) para el análisis de la sincronización cíclica del sector manufacturero de Estados Unidos con México, a partir de la apertura comercial de este último. Para este fin se revisa la bibliografía sobre la metodología STAR y se describen los aportes teóricos y prácticos relacionados con esta. Teóricamente se concluye que debido a su estructura lineal intrínseca, los modelos STAR son capaces de guiar al investigador hacia la elección de la metodología adecuada para modelar el comportamiento real de los datos; además, gracias a su componente no lineal, poseen la capacidad de modelar comportamientos cíclicos asimétricos de las series.
Los orígenes contemporáneos del centralismo fiscal en las relaciones intergubernamentales en México (1970-1990)
Authors: Moreno Ayala José Gerardo
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo analiza la consolidación del centralismo fiscal en México a partir de las reformas fiscales que se instrumentaron entre 1970 y 1990, en contradicción con la estructura federal de la República Mexicana. El centralismo fiscal surgido de este proceso de reformas institucionales determinó dos rasgos fundamentales de las relaciones fiscales intergubernamentales contemporáneas en México, por un lado, la centralización del poder de decisión sobre el sistema fiscal en el Gobierno federal y, por el otro, la conformación de unos gobiernos locales dependientes de la política fiscal y las transferencias de recursos federales. Ambos han sido factores cruciales en la debilidad fiscal del Estado mexicano.
Análisis del comportamiento del impuesto ICA en el presupuesto del distrito capital (1996 - 2005)
Authors: Pinzón José Alirio
Published: January 2016

El objetivo principal de este trabajo, es analizar el comportamiento del Impuesto de Industria y Comercio, Avisos y Tableros ICA, en el presupuesto del Distrito Capital (Bogotá),  teniendo en cuenta el beneficio que representa este gravamen para el desarrollo de la ciudad y su efecto directo como fuente de financiación del gasto e inversión. Para esto se hace un análisis del presupuesto ejecutado por el Distrito Capital entre los años 1996 y 2005, tomando los ingresos y gastos; se muestra además la evolución y composición del recaudo distrital de este impuesto, que se caracteriza por una alta dependencia del comportamiento global de la economía. En este sentido se hace una aproximación empírica a los impuestos y el PIB Distrital, desarrollando un ejercicio de evaluación de causalidad, siguiendo el criterio de Granger, lo que permite observar el efecto indirecto que tienen los ingresos tributarios y en especial el ICA, sobre el PIB de la ciudad a través de la inversión pública.
Abordaje de la cultura desde la investigación en contabilidad: posibilidades de re-significación
Authors: Salgado Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: January 2016

El concepto de cultura se ha trabajado en contabilidad principalmente para evaluar las diferencias en los sistemas contables y en el control de gestión entre países, lo anterior tiene por objeto caracterizar y sobre todo comparar los elementos principales que impactan a la contabilidad y el control en las culturas nacionales. El trabajo de Hofstede (1980, 1984) es el referente principal de la investigación contable en el ámbito de la cultura, sin embargo no escapa de cuestionamientos por no tomar en cuenta las construcciones de disciplinas que estudian el fenómeno cultural, tales como la antropología cultural, la historia, la sociología, entre otras. El presente trabajo expone los marcos y referentes de la antropología cultural, como elemento importante del análisis de la cultura, posteriormente, se esbozan los referentes utilizados por la contabilidad para el estudio de la cultura, la aplicación en sus estudios y las críticas surgidas.
Mitochondrial mutagenesis in BCR-ABL1-expressing cells sensitive and resistant to imatinib.
Authors: Blasiak Janusz , Hoser Grazyna , Bialkowska-Warzecha Jolanta , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Skorski Tomasz
Published: January 2016

Imatinib revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the expression of the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, but imatinib resistance is an emerging problem. Imatinib can hinder the inhibitory effects of BCR-ABL1 on mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, so mitochondrial mutagenesis can be important for its action. To explore the mechanisms of imatinib resistance we created a mouse-derived CML model cells consisting of parental 32D cells (P) and cells transfected with the BCR-ABL1 gene (S cells) or its variants with the Y253H or T315I mutations (253 and 315 cells, respectively), conferring resistance to imatinib. A fraction of the S cells was cultured in increasing concentrations of imatinib, acquiring resistance to this drug (AR cells). The 253, 315 and AR cells, in contrast to S cells, displayed resistance to imatinib. We observed that the T315I cells displayed greater extent of H2O2-induced mtDNA damage than their imatinib-sensitive counterparts. No difference in the sensitivity to UV radiation was observed among all the cell lines. A decrease in the extent of H2O2-induced mtDNA damage was observed during a 120-min repair incubation in all cell lines, but it was significant only in imatinib-sensitive and T315I cells. No difference in the copy number of mtDNA and frequency of the 3,867-bp deletion was observed and genotoxic stress induced by H2O2 or UV did not change this relationship. In conclusion, some aspects of mtDNA mutagenesis, including sensitivity to oxidative stress and DNA repair can contribute to imatinib resistance in BCR-ABL1-expressing cells.
Aquisição de medicamentos pela Administração Pública: judicialização e controle pelo Tribunal de Contas
Authors: De Britto Érica Apgaua
Published: January 2016

O presente estudo objetiva evidenciar a importância das ações do Estado na gestão da assistência farmacêutica, abordando a evolução do fenômeno da judicialização dos medicamentos e seu impacto no orçamento público e no planejamento das políticas públicas de saúde. A administração pública depende da compra de medicamentos para a execução de suas ações na área da saúde pública. Disso resulta a relevância que as aquisições de medicamentos assumiram no cenário das licitações e contratos públicos.
Nesse contexto, a administração pública, seja federal, estadual ou municipal, deve buscar cada vez mais o recurso da licitação para satisfazer as necessidades públicas, e a contratação direta deve ser a exceção. Por isso é preciso planejar. O planejamento adequado constitui um dos fatores que influem decisivamente na garantia de abastecimento constante dos medicamentos. Ademais, incumbe ao administrador público, na compra de medicamentos, observar e impor aos fornecedores as vantagens que devem ser obrigatoriamente praticadas nas compras do setor público, sob pena de tornar uma aquisição antieconômica, o que gera responsabilização aos gestores, cabendo a estes devolver os valores pagos acima do teto estabelecido pelos normativos aplicáveis mediante instauração de tomada de contas especial. Em face dessas considerações, tem-se o olhar atento do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais, órgão de controle externo, o qual, ciente de sua elevada missão constitucional de zelar pela aplicação dos recursos públicos, exerce seu importante papel de fiscalizar bem como de apresentar soluções legais, eficientes e econômicas para viabilizar as políticas públicas de saúde no âmbito estadual e dos municípios.
O controle concentrado de constitucionalidade das normas no direito brasileiro: evolução da jurisdição constitucional
Authors: Barouch Ricardo Ferreira
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar em como se deu a evolução da jurisdição constitucional, no âmbito das ações do controle concentrado de constitucionalidade, pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), ensejando a criação de mecanismos processuais destinados a livrar as normas constitucionais do estigma da ineficácia e da reiterada inação do Estado brasileiro. A eficácia das normas constitucionais é tema dos mais relevantes num estado democrático de direito. Com as garantias individuais e coletivas e, enfim, todos os direitos de um povo, em todas as dimensões, é indispensável que o Estado cuide de salvaguardar essas normas da ineficácia, sob pena de causar insegurança jurídica e frustração em todos os destinatários das promessas constitucionais.
Metacognitive awareness and math anxiety in gifted students
Authors: Ogurlu Üzeyir , Sarıcam Hakan
Published: January 2016

The basic purpose of this study has been to examine the relationships between metacognitive awareness and maths anxiety in gifted students. The second aim was to compare with gifted and non-gifted students’ metacognitive awareness and maths anxiety levels. The participants were 300 (150 gifted, 150 non-gifted) volunteer secondary school students in Turkey. The mean age of the participants was 12.56 years ranging from 12 to 13 years. For gathering data, the Maths Anxiety Scale for Elementary School Students and The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Children were used. For analysing the data, Spearman correlation analysis, the Mann Whitney U test, and linear regression analysis were used. According to the findings: firstly, gifted students’ metacognitive awareness scores were higher than those of non-gifted students. On the other hand, non-gifted students’ maths anxiety levels were higher than those of gifted students. Secondly, there was negative correlation between metacognitive awareness and math anxiety. Finally, the findings of linear regression analysis indicated that metacognitive awareness is explained by 48% total variance of maths anxiety in gifted students. Keywords: Metacognitive awareness, maths anxiety, gifted.
Titanium Mesh Technique in Rehabilitation of Totally Edentulous Atrophic Maxillae: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Pellegrino Gerardo , Lizio Giuseppe , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Marchetti Claudio
Published: January 2016

Background: This study evaluates implant‐borne prosthetic rehabilitation of 10 totally edentulous atrophic maxillae after bone reconstruction with a titanium‐mesh technique and particulate bone graft.

Methods: Ten atrophic maxillae were reconstructed with 19 titanium meshes and particulate autologous‐heterologous bone. Maxillae were rehabilitated at least 5 months, with placement of 67 implants connected to the prostheses after an additional 4 months of rehabilitation. Cases were evaluated retrospectively in terms of complication rates, particularly on the amount of mesh exposure, implant survival, and success rates at the end of follow‐up.

Results: In seven cases, two meshes were prematurely exposed (within 4 to 6 weeks), and five were exposed later (after 4 to 6 weeks). Only two of the later exposures extended >1 cm2. Nevertheless, reconstructions allowed implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation in all cases. Two implants were lost before loading. After mean follow‐up at 39.3 (20 to 56) months since prosthetic loading, all 65 implants were functional (100% implant survival), but 15 implants demonstrated a peri‐implant mean bone resorption of 2.96 mm increased bone loss, yielding a cumulative implant success rate of 76.9%. No prosthetic problem was observed.

Conclusions: Use of titanium mesh with particulate bone can be considered a valid option in reconstructing atrophic maxillae to allow for implant‐borne prosthetic rehabilitation. A high level of dehiscence did not compromise final outcome.
An Exploration Of Differences Of Leadership Perceptions Related To A Student’s Gender Within The College Of Business At A Small Liberal Arts Institution
Authors: Yarrish Karen K. , Zula Ken , Davis Erin
Published: January 2016

In preparing the next generation of business professionals, educators need to take seriously the responsibility of empowering students with tools to assist them in their pursuits.  One area of interest is leadership. There is an increase in demand for colleges and universities to develop leadership skills in students.  Organizations value leadership skills in the workplace and they expect that colleges and universities will educate students in the area of leadership and provide them with necessary leadership skills. Despite the broad horizon of leadership for helping to develop future leaders, it may be crucial for educators to explore the idea of student gender differences within leadership. The purpose of this study is two-fold with respect to leadership. First the researches will explore the differences of leadership perceptions related to a student’s gender. Secondly, the researchers will discuss the implications for educators, administrators, and researchers. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations will be presented.
An Accounting Program Merit Pay Survey
Authors: Lindsay David H. , Campbell Annhenrie , Tan Kim B. , Wagner Andrew
Published: January 2016

Basing the compensation of accounting professors on merit pay in order to encourage better teaching, research and service is controversial. Before the effectiveness of merit-based salary plans can be examined empirically, it must be determined which accounting programs use such a system. In this study, the 852 accounting programs in the United States were surveyed to identify the methods in use to adjust the salaries of individual professors. Initial findings indicate that schools using a merit system usually do not also offer time in grade increases and that doctoral granting schools and AACSB accredited schools are more likely to use a merit system.
GENDER AS A MODERATOR IN PREDICTION OF HOMOPHOBIA
Authors: Orlić Ana , Lazarević Ljiljana B.
Published: January 2016

Studies indicate complexity of causes for occurence and expression of homophobia, and indicate gender differences in its expression. However, studies that would investigate the relationship of known sources of homophobia, like implicit attitudes, personality, and defense mechanisms, are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate predictive validity of different factors like intensity of sexual attraction towards opposite sex, implicit associations related to homosexuality, personality, use of defense mechanisms in men and women, and to examine a moderating role of gender in prediction of homophobia.Test of homophobia (H-25) was administered to a sample of 123 students. For assessment of the intensity of sexual attraction towards opposite sex we used Connotative Differential (CD-15), while for assessment of implicit attitudes the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was applied. Personality was measured with a short adjective scale for assessment of the Big Five, and defense mechanisms were assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ40). Results of hierarchical regression analysis suggest that use of immature and less frequent use of mature defence mechanisms have influence on expression of homophobia in both sexes. In addition, findings indicate that the motivational aspect of sexual attraction towards opposite sex and rigid personality lead to stonger homophobia in man in comparison to women. Results supportthe hypothesis that homophobia can have different sources and functions depending of the sex of the person.
Water polishing of phenol by walnut green hull as adsorbent: an insight of adsorption isotherm and kinetic
Authors: Godini H. , Hashemi F. , Mansuri L. , Sardar M. , Hassani Ghasem , Mohseni S. M. , Alinejad A. A. , Golmohammadi S. , Sheikh Mohammadi A.
Published: January 2016

The present paper aims to investigate water purification of phenol by walnut green hull adsorbent. The surface characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl onto walnut green hull surface was proved by FTIR analysis. Also quartz, cellulose and hematite were detected in the XRD analysis of samples by an X-ray diffractometer. The maximum sorption was achieved at pH 4.0. Data were evaluated for compliance with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The results indicate that the data for adsorption of phenol onto walnut green hull fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was achieved by Langmuir isotherm 17.8 mg g–1. Also, the adsorption kinetics of phenol on the adsorbent were studied. The rates of sorption were found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation.
Retraction Note: Seasonal Variation of Tannin and Nutrient in Aegiceras corniculatum Leaves in Zhangjiang Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Huang Minshen , Zhang Lihua , Wei Shudong , Zeng Qi , Zhou Haichao , Lin Yiming
Published: January 2016

RETRACTION

The Publisher and Editor have retracted this article [1] in accordance with good ethical practices. After a thorough investigations
we believe that the peer review process was compromised. The article was published on-line on 22-10-2015.

REFERENCE

[1] M. Huang, L. Zhang, S. Wei, Q. Zeng, H. Zhou and Y. Lin, “Seasonal
variation of tannin and nutrient in aegiceras corniculatum leaves in
zhangjiang mangrove ecosystem”, The Open Chemical Engineering
Journal, vol. 9, pp. 143-148, 2015.
Retraction Note: Measurement and Analysis of Logistics Energy Efficiency in China from Perspective of Total Factor Productivity
Authors: Li-Guo Zhang
Published: January 2016

RETRACTION

The Publisher and Editor have retracted this article [1] in accordance with good ethical practices. After a thorough investigations
we believe that the peer review process was compromised. The article was published on-line on 31-12-2014.
The Effects of Critical Audit Matter Paragraphs and Accounting Standard Precision on Auditor Liability
Authors: Gimbar Christine , Hansen Bowe , Ozlanski Michael E.
Published: January 2016

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board recently proposed amendments to the standard audit report that would require the disclosure of critical audit matters (CAMs), and the Securities and Exchange Commission continues to evaluate the use of principles-based (imprecise) accounting standards within U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We assert that jurors perceive precise accounting standards to constrain auditors' control over financial reporting outcomes, resulting in a lower propensity for negligence verdicts when the accounting treatment conforms to the precise standard. However, we hypothesize that the use of either imprecise standards or CAMs reduces the extent to which jurors perceive this constraint to exist, leading to increased auditor liability. We present experimental evidence supporting this argument. Our results highlight the similarities between the effects of imprecise accounting standards and CAMs on negligence assessments. These results provide insight for regulators and the auditing profession about the potential consequences of the proposed regulatory changes.
Corporate Sustainability: First Evidence on Materiality
Authors: Khan Mozaffar , Serafeim George , Yoon Aaron
Published: January 2016

Using newly available materiality classifications of sustainability topics, we develop a novel dataset by hand-mapping sustainability investments classified as material for each industry into firm-specific sustainability ratings. This allows us to present new evidence on the value implications of sustainability investments. Using both calendar-time portfolio stock return regressions and firm-level panel regressions, we find that firms with good ratings on material sustainability issues significantly outperform firms with poor ratings on these issues. In contrast, firms with good ratings on immaterial sustainability issues do not significantly outperform firms with poor ratings on the same issues. These results are confirmed when we analyze future changes in accounting performance. The results have implications for asset managers who have committed to the integration of sustainability factors in their capital allocation decisions.
Nickel titanium T-loop wire dimensions for en masse retraction
Authors: Almeida Layene , Ribeiro Alexandre , Parsekian Martins Renato , Viecilli Rodrigo , Parsekian Martins Lídia
Published: January 2016

Objective: 

To compare the force system produced by nickel-titanium T-loop springs made with wires of different dimensions.

Material and Methods: 

Thirty compound T-loop springs were divided into three groups according to the dimensions of the nickel-titanium wire used for its design: 0.016” × 0.022”, 0.017” × 0.025”, and 0.018” × 0.025”. The loops were tested on the Orthodontic Force Tester machine at an interbracket distance of 23 mm and activated 9 mm. The force in the y-axis and the moment in the x-axis were registered while the calculated moment to force ratio was recorded at each .5 mm of deactivation. The data were analyzed by three analyses of variance of repeated measures to detect differences and interactions between deactivation and wire size on force, moment, and moment-force ratios (M/F).

Results: 

All groups had significantly different forces (P < .001). The 0.016” × 0.022” wire produced 1.78N of force while the 0.017” × 0.025” and the 0.018” × 0.025” produced 2.81 N and 3.25 N, respectively. The 0.016” × 0.022” wire produced lower moments (11.6 Nmm) than the 0.017” × 0.025” and 0.018” × 0.025” wires, which produced similar moments (13.9 Nmm and 14.4Nmm, respectively). The M/F produced was different for all groups; 0.016” × 0.022” T-loops produced 6.7 mm while the 0.017” × 0.025” and 0.018” × 0.025” T-loops produced 5.0 mm and 4.5 mm, respectively. An interaction was detected for all variables between deactivation and groups.

Conclusion: 

The larger wires tested produced higher forces with slight increase on the moments, but the M/F produced by the 0.016” × 0.022” wire was the highest found.
Classroom Composition and Measured Teacher Performance
Authors: Steinberg Matthew P. , Garrett Rachel
Published: January 2016

As states and districts implement more rigorous teacher evaluation systems, measures of teacher performance are increasingly being used to support instruction and inform retention decisions. Classroom observations take a central role in these systems, accounting for the majority of teacher ratings upon which accountability decisions are based. Using data from the Measures of Effective Teaching study, we explore the extent to which classroom composition influences measured teacher performance based on classroom observation scores. The context in which teachers work—most notably, the incoming academic performance of their students—plays a critical role in determining teachers’ measured performance. Furthermore, the intentional sorting of teachers to students has a significant influence on measured performance. Implications for high-stakes teacher accountability policies are discussed.
Assessing the Effectiveness of a Cadaveric Teaching Model for Performing Arthrocentesis with Veterinary Students
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Behar-Horenstein Linda S. , MacIver Melissa A. , Su Yu
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine if a recently developed cadaveric canine model was an effective tool for teaching arthrocentesis to fourth-year veterinary students. Arthrocentesis is an important diagnostic tool and technical skill that can be difficult to teach in the clinical setting. Eighteen fourth-year veterinary students participated in a within-subjects experiment that evaluated their ability to successfully perform arthrocentesis in the canine model and in an unmodified control cadaver. Students completed an online survey about the experience. Ability to perform the procedure was assessed by monitoring the number of attempts and redirects required to enter the joint and by recording any volume recovered from the arthrocentesis. In both phases of the study, the participants were able to aspirate a measurable volume of fluid from the joints of the model. Participants recorded an increase in confidence with arthrocentesis after using the model in the first phase of the study and unanimously supported inclusion of the exercise in future teaching situations.
Structure and properties of mesophase pitch-derived carbon foams reinforced by mesocarbon microbeads
Authors: Li Shan , Lin Bo-Fan , Tzeng Shinn-Shyong , Chiu Hsien-Tang
Published: January 2016

Carbon foams were produced from mixtures of mesophase pitch and mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) and the effects of MCMB addition and the MCMB particle size on the structure and properties of the foams were investigated. Experimental results showed that the addition of MCMBs raised the compressive strength due to the reduction of micro-cracks as well as the increase of bulk density. The thermal diffusivity increased initially and then decreased when the amount of MCMBs was raised. Compared to the particle size of MCMB, concentration makes a larger contribution to pore size and properties under the current experimental conditions.
The debonding toughness in layered particulate polymer composites
Authors: Hbaieb Kais
Published: January 2016

The effect of delamination or cavitation of particles on the toughness of spherical and layered particulate composites is discussed using the Mori–Tanaka model. Both spherical and spheroidal particles are considered. The model is compared with other models reported in literature and shows fair agreement. In general, at the onset of delamination both stress and bulk modulus drop and this drop continues until delamination is complete. The debonding toughness increases with volume fraction but more effectively with particle aspect ratio. Rather surprising is the fact that the debonding toughness does not increase for high ratios of particle bulk modulus to matrix bulk modulus (>20). This may be a consequence of the sharp decrease in the composite bulk modulus as delamination progresses. The study shows marginal increase in toughness especially from debonding of spherical particles.
Synthesis and capacitive properties of V(S2)2 nanobelts on graphene sheets
Authors: Pan Shugang
Published: January 2016

V(S2)2 nanobelts deposited on graphene sheets were synthesized via a simple method using thioacetamide, ammonium metavanadate, and graphene oxide. The properties of the obtained composites were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that graphene oxide not only acted as a raw material but also played the role of a support during V(S2)2 crystal growth. Meanwhile, the graphene oxide was simultaneously reduced to graphene during the deposition of the V(S2)2 nanobelts. Electrochemical data showed that the obtained V(S2)2/graphene had better capacitive properties and lower resistance than those of V(S2)2 alone.
Backcalculation with an Implanted Inertial Sensor
Authors: Levenberg Eyal
Published: January 2016

This paper models and analyzes a pavement's response to a passing vehicle as captured by an embedded inertial sensor. Both ideal conditions, in which the riding surface is perfectly smooth, and more realistic conditions, in which load magnitudes fluctuate, are considered. A new back-calculation scheme is proposed for the use of a measured acceleration trace as the basis for inferring mechanical layer properties, vehicle travel speed, and weight distribution between axles. The suggested approach does not require double integration of the raw signal to arrive at displacements; this approach is based on matching computed accelerations with smoothed field measurements. The overall performance of the method is validated by application to several synthetic cases and to field-measured data.
Dynamic Viscoelastic Analysis of Falling Weight Deflectometer Deflections for Rigid and Flexible Pavements
Authors: Khazanovich Lev , Booshehrian Abbas
Published: January 2016

This paper investigates the ability of a generalized Westergaard model consisting of a viscoelastic plate on a viscoelastic Winkler foundation to describe deflections of both rigid and flexible pavements under dynamic loading. The pavement response to falling weight deflectometer (FWD) loading was simulated, and a semianalytical solution involving the use of a Hankel transform in space and a finite difference method in time was developed. The obtained solution was used to interpret FWD data collected at the Minnesota Road Research Facility. It was shown that a good match between the simulated and measured response data could be obtained for both rigid and flexible pavements if inertia and viscoelastic effects were accounted for. The proposed model is thus an attractive tool for analysis of pavement–vehicle interaction.
Study of Influence of Operating Parameters on Braking Friction and Rolling Resistance
Authors: Srirangam Santosh K. , Anupam Kumar , Kasbergen Cor , Scarpas Athanasios , Cerezo Veronique
Published: January 2016

Tire–road interaction addresses safety with respect to braking friction and energy efficiency in the context of rolling resistance. These phenomena are coherent, but their engineering solutions can be contradictory. For example, highly skid-resistant surfaces may not be ideal for fuel economy, but surfaces with low rolling resistance may be prone to skidding. Several experimental and numerical studies have investigated the individual phenomena, but insufficient attention has been paid to studying them coherently. The present study computed braking friction and rolling resistance for various operating parameters and their coherent response for each parameter with the use of a thermomechanical contact algorithm. Micromechanical finite element simulations of a rolling or braking pneumatic tire against selected asphalt concrete surfaces were performed for various operating conditions, such as tire load, inflation pressure, speed, and ambient air and pavement temperatures. The coefficients of braking friction and rolling resistance were found to decrease with the inflation pressure and the temperature and to increase with the wheel load. The braking friction coefficient was found to decrease with the speed, in contrast to the rolling resistance coefficient, which increases with the same parameter. A full-skidding tire registered lower braking friction than a 20% slipping tire. Also, an asphalt surface with higher macrotexture offered higher braking friction and higher rolling resistance, and vice versa.
Geographic patterns of seed mass are associated with climate factors, but relationships vary between species
Authors: Soper Gorden Nicole L. , Winkler Katharine J. , Jahnke Matthew R. , Marshall Elizabeth , Horky Joshua , Hudelson Colton , Etterson Julie R.
Published: January 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Seed size is a critical life history attribute with fitness effects that cascade throughout the lifespan of plants. Interspecific studies repeatedly report a negative correlation between seed mass and latitude. Yet, despite its importance, little is known about geographic variation in seed size within species' ranges.

METHODS:

To improve our understanding of intraspecific geographic variation in seed size, we collected and weighed seeds by maternal line from 8 to 17 populations of seven herbaceous plant species spanning large geographic areas, and measured a dispersal trait, awn length, for two grass species. We examined the overall relationship between seed mass and latitude, then divided the data into species‐specific subsets to compare the fit of three models to explain seed mass and awn length: (1) latitude and longitude, (2) long‐term climate, and (3) collection‐year weather.

KEY RESULTS:

Like previous work, we found a negative relationship between interspecific seed mass and latitude. However, the best‐fit models explaining seed size and awn length differed between individual species and often included significant interaction terms. For all species, the best model was either long‐term or collection‐year climate data instead of latitude and longitude.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraspecific geographic patterns for seed traits were remarkably inconsistent, covarying both negatively and positively with temperature and precipitation. The only apparent generalization is that annual species' seed mass corresponded more with collection‐year weather while perennial species covaried more with long‐term climate. Overall, this study suggests that the scale of climate variation that molds seed traits is highly species‐specific.
DISCOVERY OF ULTRA-STEEP SPECTRUM GIANT RADIO GALAXY WITH RECURRENT RADIO JET ACTIVITY IN ABELL 449
Authors: Hunik Dominika , Jamrozy Marek
Published: January 2016

We report a discovery of a 1.3 Mpc diffuse radio source with extremely steep spectrum fading radio structures in the vicinity of the Abell 449 cluster of galaxies. Its extended diffuse lobes are bright only at low radio frequencies and their synchrotron age is about 160 Myr. The parent galaxy of the extended relic structure, which is the dominant galaxy within the cluster, is starting a new jet activity. There are three weak X-rays sources in the vicinity of the cluster as found in the ROSAT survey, however it is not known if they are connected with this cluster of galaxies. Just a few radio galaxy relics are currently known in the literature, as finding them requires sensitive and high angular resolution low-frequency radio observations. Objects of this kind, which also are starting a new jet activity, are important for understanding the life cycle and evolution of active galactic nuclei. A new 613 MHz map as well as the archival radio data pertaining to this object are presented and analyzed.
Etude longitudinale des interactions prosodiques précoces entre parent et enfant ultérieurement diagnostiqué autiste
Authors: Garry Cécile , Martel Karine , Sorin Anne-Laure , Rovira Katia , Brisson Julie
Published: January 2016

Cette étude rétrospective et longitudinale cherche à comparer le développement précoce des interactions prosodiques entre parent et enfant typique (n = 13) et entre parent et enfant ultérieurement diagnostiqué autiste (n = 11). Elle se base sur l’analyse acoustique de films familiaux réalisés lors de la première année de vie de l’enfant. Les durées d’engagement et de désengagement, ainsi que les latences de réponse vocale ont été mesurées. Les résultats montrent que les trajectoires des deux groupes sont identiques jusqu’à 7 mois et se distinguent à partir de 8 mois. Ainsi, comprendre le développement des troubles du spectre autistique aidera au repérage des premiers signes.
Les connaissances en soins palliatifs des infirmières qui travaillent en EMS auprès de personnes âgées notamment atteintes de démence
Authors: Iori Elisabete , Morin Diane
Published: January 2016

Le vieillissement de la population et l’augmentation du nombre de personnes atteintes de démence sont des enjeux pour les soins de fin de vie en EMS (Établissements Médico-Sociaux). Les connaissances des infirmières dans ce domaine méritent d’être examinées. Notre but a été d’évaluer leurs connaissances à l’aide du Palliative Care Knowledge Test . Des analyses descriptives et des corrélations ont été effectuées. Le score moyen a été de 61,5%. Près de 16% des participants ont ≤ 50% de bonnes réponses alors que seulement 5% en ont eu ≥ 80%. Aucun participant n’a eu plus que 84%. Des corrélations faibles mais significatives apparaissent entre un score plus élevé et l’âge, le nombre d’années depuis le diplôme et le nombre d’années d’expérience en EMS. Les connaissances des soignants en matière de soins palliatifs en EMS sont faibles mais elles augmentent avec l’âge et l’expérience professionnelle. Il serait pertinent de promouvoir de la formation continue en soins palliatifs et le soutien des soignants de manière à assurer une prise en charge des personnes vieillissantes et démentes en fin de vie.
Hypnose et sophrologie en soins palliatifs
Authors: Breitenstein Alexandra , Deront Justine
Published: January 2016

En soins palliatifs, les patients atteints d’une maladie évolutive et inguérissable sont principalement traités par une thérapie médicamenteuse classique. D’une part, ces traitements sont souvent conséquents et présentent de nombreux effets secondaires et d’autre part, ils ne répondent pas entièrement aux besoins des patients. À cet égard, de nombreux patients ont recours aux médecines non-conventionnelles comme allié thérapeutique. L’hypnose et la sophrologie sont deux thérapies dites complémentaires qui sont basées sur la focalisation de l’attention sur diverses cibles suggérées par le thérapeute ainsi que sur la relaxation. Ces deux techniques sont pratiquement dépourvues d’effets secondaires et ne requièrent aucune infrastructure spécifique. Dans le cadre des soins palliatifs, elles sont parfois employées. Cependant, il n’existe pas d’indication clairement définie et peu de patients en fin de vie en bénéficient. Il semblerait que ces deux méthodes soient bien indiquées pour la prise en charge des symptômes physiques, notamment douleur, dyspnée et nausées, mais également pour répondre aux besoins psychologiques et spirituels. En effet, elles permettent une diminution de l’anxiété, une meilleure autonomie et une facilitation de l’acceptation de la maladie et de la relation avec les proches. Toutefois notre travail étant essentiellement de nature qualitative et reposant sur des données récoltées auprès de thérapeutes, de nouvelles études méritent d’être menées afin de vérifier ces propos.
L’impact de la réflexologie plantaire sur le stress des professionnels de santé
Authors: Guillon Mireille , Bourdarias Françoise , Lecour Nathalie
Published: January 2016

Prendre soin des patients est une tâche difficile. Le stress, souvent présent au sein d’équipes soignantes pour des raisons de charge de travail, de confrontation quotidienne à la souffrance voire à la mort, peut mettre en danger la santé des professionnels de santé. Le CHU de Limoges, dans le cadre de son projet d’établissement, souhaite renforcer la qualité de vie au travail, de son personnel. Des études qualitatives mettent en évidence l’efficacité de la réflexologie plantaire sur la qualité de vie des patients. La réflexologie plantaire permet au corps de retrouver équilibre et harmonie. La réflexologie plantaire peut être une ressource au prendre soin et ainsi améliorer la qualité de vie au travail des professionnels de santé. La finalité de ce travail propose, en améliorant la qualité de vie des professionnels de santé, d’avoir une répercussion sur la qualité de soins proposée aux patients.
Contrepoint et contretemps. Les Géorgiques de Claude Simon
Authors: Créac’h Martine
Published: January 2016

Il s’agit, dans cette étude, d’expérimenter un double déplacement. Je voudrais d’abord mesurer les enjeux du glissement du paradigme pictural auquel s’est souvent référée la critique à propos de Claude Simon et des Géorgiques en particulier au paradigme musical plus récemment étudié. L’hypothèse d’une composition en contrepoint dans Les Géorgiques permet également de mettre en perspective « nouveau roman » et « tradition du nouveau » pour reprendre le titre d’un ouvrage sur lequel rêvait Claude Simon à la fin de son entretien avec Pierre Boulez et Bernard Pivot en 1981 et d’approcher, à partir du modèle musical, la façon dont le roman négocie sa relation au passé.