bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos
Authors: Xu Ren-He , Kim Jaebong , Taira Masanori , Sredni Dvora , Kung Hsiang-fu
Published: April 2018

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to induce neural fate in dissociated animal cap (AC) cells or in AC explants cultured in low calcium and magnesium concentrations. However, long-term disclosure of the cap may cause diffusion of the secreted molecule bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a neural inhibitor present in the AC. This may contribute to the subsequent neurogenesis induced by bFGF. Here we used conjugated and aged blastula AC to avoid diffusion of endogenous molecules from the AC. Unlike noggin, bFGF failed to induce neural tissue in this system. However, it enhanced neuralization elicited by a dominant negative BMP receptor (DN-BR) that inhibits the BMP-4 signaling. Posterior neural markers were turned on by bFGF in AC expressing DN-BR or chordin. Blocking the endogenous FGF signal with a dominant negative FGF receptor (XFD) mainly inhibited development of posterior neural tissue in neuralized ACs. Thesein vitrostudies were confirmedin vivoin embryos grafted with XFD-expressing ACs in the place of neuroectoderm. Expression of some regional neural markers was inhibited, although markers for muscle and posterior notochord were still detectable in the grafted embryos, suggesting that XFD specifically affected neurogenesis but not the dorsal mesoderm. The use of thesein vitroandin vivomodel systems provides new evidence that FGF, although unable to initiate neurogenesis on its own, is required for neural induction as well as for posteriorization.
Trk Receptors Function As Rapid Retrograde Signal Carriers in the Adult Nervous System
Authors: Bhattacharyya Anita , Watson Fiona L. , Bradlee Tatum A. , Pomeroy Scott L. , Stiles Charles D. , Segal Rosalind A.
Published: April 2018

During development target-derived neurotrophins promote the survival of neurons. However, mature neurons no longer depend on the target for survival. Do target-derived neurotrophins retain retrograde signaling functions in mature neurons, and, if so, how are they executed? We addressed this question by using a phosphotyrosine-directed antibody to locate activated Trk receptors in adult rat sciatic nerve. We show that catalytically active Trk receptors are located within the axon of adult rat sciatic nerve and that they are distributed throughout the length of the axons. These catalytically active receptors are phosphorylated on tyrosine at a position that couples them to the signal-generating proteins Ras and PI3 kinase. Neurotrophin applied at sciatic nerve terminals increases both catalytic activity and phosphorylation state of Trk receptors at distant points within the axons. Trk activation initiated at the nerve terminals propagates through the axon toward the nerve cell body at an initial rate that exceeds that of conventional vesicular transport. However, our data suggest that this rapid signal is nevertheless vesicle-associated. Thus, in mature nerves, activated Trk receptors function as rapid retrograde signal carriers to execute remote responses to target-derived neurotrophins.
Structural and Functional Analyses of Human Cerebral Cortex Using a Surface-Based Atlas
Authors: Van Essen D. C. , Drury H. A.
Published: April 2018

We have analyzed the geometry, geography, and functional organization of human cerebral cortex using surface reconstructions and cortical flat maps of the left and right hemispheres generated from a digital atlas (the Visible Man). The total surface area of the reconstructed Visible Man neocortex is 1570 cm2(both hemispheres), ∼70% of which is buried in sulci. By linking the Visible Man cerebrum to the Talairach stereotaxic coordinate space, the locations of activation foci reported in neuroimaging studies can be readily visualized in relation to the cortical surface. The associated spatial uncertainty was empirically shown to have a radius in three dimensions of ∼10 mm. Application of this approach to studies of visual cortex reveals the overall patterns of activation associated with different aspects of visual function and the relationship of these patterns to topographically organized visual areas. Our analysis supports a distinction between an anterior region in ventral occipito-temporal cortex that is selectively involved in form processing and a more posterior region (in or near areas VP and V4v) involved in both form and color processing. Foci associated with motion processing are mainly concentrated in a region along the occipito-temporal junction, the ventral portion of which overlaps with foci also implicated in form processing. Comparisons between flat maps of human and macaque monkey cerebral cortex indicate significant differences as well as many similarities in the relative sizes and positions of cortical regions known or suspected to be homologous in the two species.
The α2aAdrenergic Receptor Subtype Mediates Spinal Analgesia Evoked by α2Agonists and Is Necessary for Spinal Adrenergic–Opioid Synergy
Authors: Stone Laura S. , MacMillan Leigh B. , Kitto Kelley F. , Limbird Lee E. , Wilcox George L.
Published: April 2018

Agonists acting at α2adrenergic and opioid receptors have analgesic properties and act synergistically when co-administered in the spinal cord; this synergy may also contribute to the potency and efficacy of spinally administered morphine. The lack of subtype-selective pharmacological agents has previously impeded the definition of the adrenergic receptor subtype(s) mediating these effects. We therefore exploited a genetically modified mouse line expressing a point mutation (D79N) in the α2aadrenergic receptor (α2aAR) to investigate the role of the α2aAR in α2agonist-evoked analgesia and adrenergic–opioid synergy. In the tail-flick test, intrathecal administration of UK 14,304, a nonsubtype-selective α2AR agonist, had no analgesic effect in D79N mice, whereas the analgesic potency ofmorphine (intrathecal)in this assay was not affected by the mutation. The mutation also decreased α2-agonist-mediated spinal analgesia and blocked the synergy seen in wild-type mice with both the δ-opioid agonist deltorphin II and the μ-opioid agonist [d-ALA2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) in the substance P behavioral test. In addition, the potency of spinally administered morphine was decreased in this test, suggesting that activation of descending noradrenergic systems impinging on the α2aAR contributes to morphine-induced spinal inhibition in this model. These results demonstrate that the α2aAR subtype is the primary mediator of α2adrenergic spinal analgesia and is necessary for analgesic synergy with opioids. Thus, combination therapies targeting the α2aAR and opioid receptors may prove useful in maximizing the analgesic efficacy of opioids while decreasing total dose requirements.
The effect of exchange transfusion on prooxidant-antioxidant balance in newborns Jaundice
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Kalate Mollaei Maryam , Zakerihamidi Maryam , Ghayour Mobarhan Majid , Bagheri Fatemeh
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Newborns have a limited amount of antioxidant protection. Exchange transfusion may affect Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance (PAB). The present study is conducted to investigate the effect of the exchange transfusion on PAB in newborn jaundice.

Methods: The present study is based on a clinical trial which is conducted at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran during 2015-2016 that involved sampling on 22 jaundiced newborns (high bilirubin of 17 mg/dL) over a course of 35 weeks. Data collection for the study questionnaire included maternal blood group, neonatal characteristics (age, sex, weight, gestational age, Apgar score, etc.), and laboratory assessment (bilirubin, hematocrit, direct and indirect Coombs testing, reticulocytes, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and PAB). The amount of PAB and serum total bilirubin (STB) of newborns before, after and 6 hours after the exchange transfusion were investigated. Data analysis was performed via statistical tests (paired t-test) using SPSS version 19.

Results: The average bilirubin before the exchange transfusion was 22.02±5.80 mg/dL, after the exchange transfusion was 11.56±3.95 mg/dL, and at 6 hours after the exchange transfusion was 14.99±4.20 mg/dL. The average PAB before the exchange transfusion was 19.06±11.91 HK units, after the exchange transfusion was 29.40±17.70 HK, and at 6 hours after the exchange transfusion was 40.82±18.79 HK.

Conclusion: The results of the study show that the Prooxidant-Antioxidant balance in the exchange transfusion changes in favor of prooxidants and also intensifies even up to 6 hours after the exchange transfusion.
Preventive effects of statins on the incidence of liver cancer
Authors: Salehiniya Hamid , Allah Bakeshei Khadijah , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
Published: April 2018

Liver cancer is considered as one of the most common cancers in the world, so that it is ranked fifth in males and sixth in females in the world causing high annual costs to patients, the health system and society (Ferlay et al., 2015). The worldwide mortality rate of this disease is rising annually. This disease also has a very high fatality, so that 88% of patients in USA (Miller et al., 2016) and 90% of patients in China (Zeng et al., 2015) die of this disease in the first 5 years of its diagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to identify factors which protect against this disease. The protective effects of Statins against the cardiovascular diseases, stroke and heart attack has been proven (Tobert, 1996). Recent studies have found that Statins can also have protective effects against the cancers (Yi, Song, Wan, Chen, & Cheng, 2017). Several meta-analysis studies have explored the relationship between Statin receiving and the risk of developing liver cancer by application of randomized clinical trials, and found that the use of Statins significantly reduces the risk of liver cancer.
Documentation of Sexual History in Hospitalized Adolescents on the General Pediatrics Service
Authors: Riese Alison , Tarr Elizabeth E. , Baird Janette , Alverson Brian
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the frequency of sexual history taking and the associated characteristics of hospitalized adolescents in the pediatric hospitalist service.

METHODS:

A retrospective chart review of adolescents 14 to 18 years old who were admitted to the pediatric hospitalist service at an urban, academic children’s hospital in the Northeast from 2013 to 2015 was conducted. Repeat admissions, admissions to specialty services, and charts that noted impairment because of psychosis, cognitive delay, or illness severity were excluded. For charts that met the criteria, the admission history and physical was carefully reviewed for a notation of sexual history. For those with documentation, sexual activity status and a risk level assessment were recorded. Patient demographics and admission characteristics were extracted. χ2 tests and logistic regression were used to examine differences between those with sexual history and those without.

RESULTS:

A total of 752 charts met the criteria for inclusion. The majority of adolescents were girls (n = 506; 67.3%); the mean age was 15.7 years (SD = 1.2). Girls had 2.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.18–4.11) higher odds of documentation than boys, and older adolescents had 1.41 (95% CI 1.03–1.91) higher odds than younger adolescents. Documentation did not differ significantly on the basis of admission type (medical or psychiatric), admission time, patient race and/or ethnicity, or provider gender. Among those with a documented sexual history, risk-level details were often omitted.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sexual history taking does not occur universally for hospitalized adolescents. Girls were screened more often than boys despite similar rates of sexual activity. The inpatient admission may be a missed opportunity for harm-reduction counseling and adherence to sexually transmitted infection testing guidelines.
A Comparison of Resident Self-Perception and Pediatric Hospitalist Perceptions of the Supervisory Needs of New Interns
Authors: Winn Ariel S. , Marcus Carolyn H. , Sectish Theodore C. , Williams Kathryn , Landrigan Christopher P.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:

The Association of American Medical Colleges published a list of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) that graduating medical students should be able to perform on day 1 of residency without direct supervision. We sought to explore the perceptions of residents and pediatric hospitalists about the level of supervision new interns need in conducting these EPAs.

METHODS:

An electronic survey was sent to pediatric hospitalists who supervise interns in a large pediatric residency program in which they were asked to rate the amount of supervision they perceive new interns need when performing 11 EPAs. Another survey was sent to residents in which they were asked how much supervision they needed at the beginning of their intern year when performing the same EPAs. Hospitalist and resident responses were compared.

RESULTS:

The majority of hospitalists thought new interns could perform only 5 of the 11 EPAs without direct supervision. For 5 of the EPAs, residents’ perceptions of their own abilities to perform the EPA independently as interns were significantly greater than the hospitalists’ perceptions of interns’ abilities. For example, 91% of residents thought they were able to recommend and interpret common diagnostic and screening tests when they were interns without direct supervision, compared with only 30% of attending physicians (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Hospitalists and residents in a pediatric residency training program reported that new interns were not consistently able to perform the Association of American Medical Colleges’ core EPAs without supervision. Furthermore, residents and pediatric hospitalists perceived new interns’ abilities to perform the EPAs without direct supervision significantly differently.
Control of Breathing and Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Alvaro Ruben E.
Published: April 2018

Apnea of prematurity is a significant clinical problem manifested by an unstable respiratory pattern leading to bradycardia and hypoxemia. Most of these apneas are idiopathic and represent a physiologic manifestation of an immature control of breathing and adaptation to extrauterine life. In extremely preterm infants, this unstable breathing pattern superimposed on an immature lung that is injured by inflammation and infection may lead to frequent and profound episodes of intermittent hypoxemia. These cardiorespiratory events during early postnatal life may be associated with both short- and long-term morbidity. In this review the author discusses the most important pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for periodic breathing and apnea in preterm infants, as well as the diagnostic assessment and therapeutic interventions that help to stabilize breathing in this unique population.
Screening with Pulse Oximetry for Early Detection of Neonatal Hypoxemia
Authors: Sola Augusto , Golombek Sergio G.
Published: April 2018

Neonatal hypoxemia is sometimes difficult to detect. Therefore, it is sometimes challenging to diagnose critical congenital heart defects and other hypoxemic conditions before the infant becomes seriously ill. Screening with pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and inexpensive valuable method for early detection of these conditions. Establishing a protocol for all newborns saves lives and decreases morbidity without increasing costs.
A Case Report of 2 Sirolimus-Related Deaths Among Infants With Kaposiform Hemangioendotheliomas
Authors: Ying Hanru , Qiao Congzhen , Yang Xi , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: April 2018

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare infiltrative vascular tumor that is potentially life-threatening when presenting with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). KMP is clinically characterized as severe thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia and therefore is associated with a high mortality rate. There is no standard of cure for KHE currently. Potential medications, including corticosteroids, propranolol, and chemotherapy drugs such as sirolimus, are often used for alleviating KHE symptoms. Although some case reports of sirolimus treatment have shown promising results with recovered coagulant parameters, the off-target effects may cause severe problems. Here we describe 2 cases of infant patients with KHE and KMP who were scheduled to receive sirolimus on a long-term basis. However, both patients developed paroxysmal cough and tachypnea shortly after the onset of sirolimus treatment and succumbed to infection thereafter. This report reveals a potential risk of infection in sirolimus-treated infant patients. The fatal complication highlights the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis and serum sirolimus level monitoring to ensure the safe use of sirolimus in the treatment of infant patients with KHE.
Vagal Termination of Ventricular Tachycardia in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Chaszczewski Kasey J. , Sosnowski Cyndi , Ganesan Rani
Published: April 2018

Ventricular tachycardia is a rare clinical entity in pediatric patients and typically requires chemical and/or electrical intervention to convert into a sustained sinus rhythm. However, for certain forms originating from the right ventricular outflow tract, conversion with adenosine and vagal maneuvers has been demonstrated in adult patients. In this case, we suggest that pediatric patients with right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia who are hemodynamically stable may benefit from a trial of vagal maneuvers.
Network Measures of Collaborative Support for Young Adults With Autism
Authors: McGhee Hassrick Elizabeth , Shattuck Paul , Carley Kathleen
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:

The treatment of autism requires complex, multimodal interventions, provided by parents and providers across settings. As young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) transition into adulthood, new stakeholders are added to support planning for postsecondary employment. In this article, we investigate the use of dynamic social network measures that describe the resources of young adults throughout transition.

METHODS:

A longitudinal, dynamic social network survey (Social Dynamics of Intervention [SoDI]) was conceptualized, designed, and conducted as a feasibility test, measuring changes in collaboration among parents and school staff members who provided interventions for children with ASD in 2 urban public schools. Using the SoDI, we tracked the following over time: the team who provided interventions, their locations, the interventions they provided, the autism trainings they attended, and the density of the team’s problem-solving network for the child.

RESULTS:

Using the SoDI, we successfully identified stakeholders across settings who provided interventions for each child. Results indicated variation in the density of problem-solving and trust related to ASD intervention across teams as well as variation in intervention and autism knowledge networks during the school year. Adaptations of the SoDI for mapping pre- and posttransition resources and social connectivity across stakeholders for young adults with ASD are proposed in the Discussion section.

CONCLUSIONS:

Dynamic social network approaches can be used to capture changes in intervention, autism knowledge, and social connectivity, providing informative descriptive data about how vocational rehabilitation policies might increase employment supports during the transition process for young adults with ASD.
Barriers to Receipt of Services for Young Adults With Autism
Authors: Anderson Connie , Lupfer Alexis , Shattuck Paul T.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:

In this study, we examine experiences of families of young adults (YAs) on the autism spectrum to better understand dynamics leading to poor YA outcomes.

METHODS:

Twenty parents of YAs with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had completed high school in the past 15 years took part in a 90-minute interview. They described their YA’s experiences at the transition from high school and current status with regards to services or postsecondary education. Qualitative interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by using the constant comparative method associated with a grounded theory approach.

RESULTS:

Few adults with ASD were receiving autism-specific assistance no matter their level of cognitive functioning. Existing systems, such as service agencies and college disability support offices, had seldom been designed to meet their needs. Some families gave up on services, some used self-directed services they had to manage themselves, and others paid out of pocket for services they could access no other way. Inadequate services often led to YA failure and worsening of symptoms. The majority of families bore the financial and emotional brunt of finding or creating services and community experiences to meet their adult child’s needs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parent narratives highlight the difficulties that are faced as families attempt to access appropriate services for YAs on the autism spectrum at all levels of functioning. These insights can help pediatricians understand family concerns and develop anticipatory guidance strategies. More research is needed to identify potential solutions to challenges faced by specific subgroups of YAs with ASD.
Proximal Hypospadias and a Novel WT1 Variant: When Should Genetic Testing Be Considered?
Authors: Dabrowski Elizabeth , Armstrong Amy E. , Leeth Elizabeth , Johnson Emilie , Cheng Earl , Gosiengfiao Yasmin , Finlayson Courtney
Published: April 2018

We present a case of an infant with proximal hypospadias, penoscrotal transposition, and bilaterally descended testes found to have a clinically significant WT1 gene alteration on a customized disorder of sex development genetic panel in which 62 genes associated with 46, XY disorders of sex development were evaluated. This diagnosis led to early screening for and diagnosis and treatment of Wilms tumor. Patients with proximal hypospadias are not routinely evaluated by genetic testing, and when initial hormonal analyses are within normal ranges for a typical male patient, the genital atypia is usually attributed to an isolated anatomic abnormality. There is no consensus among urologists, endocrinologists, or geneticists regarding when genetic testing is warranted in these patients or the extent of genetic testing that should be pursued. However, given advances in genetic testing and the discovery of more genetic variants, the genetic evaluation of infants with proximal hypospadias should be considered on an individual patient basis. Only with continued evaluation and the identification of further genetic variants can we establish future parameters for genetic evaluation in patients with proximal hypospadias and more appropriately counsel patients and their families regarding the implications of these variants.
B6 and Bleeding: A Case Report of a Novel Vitamin Toxicity
Authors: Borst Alexandra J. , Tchapyjnikov Dmitry
Published: April 2018

Pyridox(am)ine-5-phosphate oxidase deficiency is an inborn error of vitamin B6 metabolism that is characterized by neonatal seizures, requiring lifelong therapy with pyridoxal-5-phosphate. We present the first case of a patient with pyridox(am)ine-5-phosphate oxidase deficiency and mild hemophilia A, whose bleeding symptoms were exacerbated by the vitamin B6 therapy essential for his epileptic disorder. This report expands the spectrum of known vitamin B6 toxicity and demonstrates a need for vigilance in monitoring for bleeding symptoms in patients requiring pyridoxine or pyridoxal-5-phosphate supplementation.
Appropriateness of Pediatrics Case Reports Citations
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Collins Griffin S. , Dillenbeck Claire , Malatack J. Jeffrey
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

We determined types of peer-reviewed articles that cited Pediatrics case reports and whether citations were “appropriate” or “inappropriate.”

METHODS:

The 20 most highly cited Pediatrics case reports published between January 2011 and April 2016 were identified. All articles referencing these 20 case reports were analyzed for appropriateness of the citation. Appropriate citations referred to the original article specifically as a case report or cited the case report in support of general knowledge. Inappropriate citations used case reports to infer causation, support proof of mechanism, or were deemed irrelevant to claims being supported. Two authors independently coded all citations.

RESULTS:

These 20 case reports were cited in 479 articles (median: 24 citations per case report). In most articles (83.6%, n = 367), case reports were cited appropriately; in 53.4% (n = 196) of articles, a case report was specifically referred to, and in 46.6% (n = 171) of articles, the case report was used to support general knowledge. For inappropriate citations, in 63.3% (n = 50) of articles, case reports were used to infer causation; in 15.2% (n = 12) of articles, they were used as proof of mechanism of pathogenesis or treatment; and in 21.5% (n = 17) of articles, they were irrelevant. Case reports were most commonly cited in review articles (38.7%, n = 170) and original studies (31%, n = 136). “Original studies” were articles in which authors reported original data, excluding case reports.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results reveal that most citations of Pediatrics case reports are appropriate.
Dependencia ontológica y fundamentalidad
Authors: Mena Ricardo
Published: April 2018

Se examina una de las maneras más naturales e intuitivas de entender las nociones de entidad fundamental y dependencia ontológica. Se argumenta que quienes adoptan estas nociones enfrentan serios problemas y se recomienda abandonarlas, lo que no quiere decir que no haya otra forma plausible de entender estos conceptos.
Muerte y metodología en la fenomenología husserliana
Authors: Vecino María Celeste
Published: April 2018

Se analiza el tratamiento que da Husserl en sus escritos tardíos al fenómeno-límite de la muerte, así como a la problemática que surge en la relación entre el hombre mundano y el sujeto trascendental. El acceso a la dimensión última de la subjetividad constituyente, que la reflexión sobre la muerte exige y motiva, revela una anonimia fundamental del yo, que pone en cuestión la posibilidad de la fenomenología de auto-fundamentarse siguiendo sus propios principios metodológicos: la ausencia de presupuestos y la búsqueda de conocimiento a través de la intuición.
Diversity unsupported is diversity derailed
Authors: Jabeen Kauser , Ghias Kulsoom
Published: April 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. In this view point challenges of a diverse student body and its impact on quality of education and student' social interactions are discussed. Enhanced institutional responsibility and ownership of all institutional members to provide adequate support for all individuals that make up the student body has been discussed as a major strategy to overcome these challenges.
Ischemia-Induced DNA Hypermethylation during Kidney Transplant Predicts Chronic Allograft Injury
Authors: Heylen Line , Thienpont Bernard , Naesens Maarten , Busschaert Pieter , Depreeuw Jeroen , Smeets Dominiek , Jochmans Ina , Monbaliu Diethard , Pirenne Jacques , Lerut Evelyne , Ghesquiere Bart , Kuypers Dirk , Lambrechts Diether , Sprangers Ben
Published: April 2018

Background Ischemia during kidney transplant causes chronic allograft injury and adversely affects outcome, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In tumors, oxygen shortage reduces the DNA demethylating activity of the ten-11 translocation (TET) enzymes, yielding hypermethylated genomes that promote tumor progression. We investigated whether ischemia similarly induces DNA hypermethylation in kidney transplants and contributes to chronic injury.

Methods We profiled genome-wide DNA methylation in three cohorts of brain-dead donor kidney allograft biopsy specimens: a longitudinal cohort with paired biopsy specimens obtained at allograft procurement (preischemia; n=13), after implantation and reperfusion (postischemia; n=13), and at 3 or 12 months after transplant (n=5 each); a cross-sectional cohort with preimplantation biopsy specimens (n=82); and a cross-sectional cohort with postreperfusion biopsy specimens (n=46).

Results Analysis of the paired preischemia and postischemia specimens revealed that methylation increased drastically in all allografts on ischemia. Hypermethylation was caused by loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, the product of TET activity, and it was stable 1 year after transplant. In the preimplantation cohort, CpG hypermethylation directly correlated with ischemia time and for some CpGs, increased 2.6% per additional hour of ischemia. Hypermethylation preferentially affected and reduced the expression of genes involved in suppressing kidney injury and fibrosis. Moreover, CpG hypermethylation in preimplantation specimens predicted chronic injury, particularly fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, 1 year after transplant. This finding was validated in the independent postreperfusion cohort, in which hypermethylation also predicted reduced allograft function 1 year after transplant, outperforming established clinical variables.

Conclusions We highlight a novel epigenetic basis for ischemia-induced chronic allograft injury with biomarker potential.
Copper – Zinc and Copper-İron Binary Electrode for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Telli Esra
Published: April 2018

The different coatings with high hydrogen evolution
reaction (HER) durability activity were prepared by electrodeposition. Iron,
copper and zinc alloys were deposited on graphite electrode. The binary coating
prepared on the graphite electrode. Zinc alloys were etched in alkaline
solution to produce a porous and electrocatalytic surface suitable for use in
the HER. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface
characterization. Electrolysis was carried out in 1.0 M KOH solution by DC
power supply. Cathodic current–potential curves, electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed for chemical
characterization. The experimental results show that the etching zinc alloys
have compact and porous structures with good physical stability in comparison
with other deposit for HER.
An Investigation on Instructors’ Knowledge, Belief and Practices towards Distance Education
Authors: YILDIZ Merve , ERDEM Mukaddes
Published: April 2018

Distance education systems have emerged as increasingly accessible and indispensable features in education owing to the development and spread of communication technologies and the transformation of individual characteristics, needs and demands. With the growing popularity of distance education programs, detailed analysis of their actual success and the factors contributing to this success are necessary. Distance education involves technological, organizational, social, instructional and psychological dimensions and its success rests on an acceptable arrangement of all dimensions. Instructors play a role of critical importance and act as an agent of change. Based on these defining features, this study focuses on the instructors tasked with giving lessons in distance education programs and aims to determine their instructional practices and the effect of their knowledge and beliefs on these practices. The study sample includes 16 instructors from three different public universities conducting lessons in distance education programs. Study data were collected during interviews and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The study findings indicate that the majority of instructors have greater understanding of the facilities such as time and space flexibility that distance education system provides than of subjects related to the instructional process, such as the role of the student and teacher and the use of learning-teaching principles. In the dimensions of technology management and virtual classroom management, instructors have strong self-efficacy beliefs, but low self-efficacy in learning process management. Similarly, instructors have high benefit beliefs as to the economical nature of distance learning, but lower benefit beliefs about the effectiveness of the learning products and the variety of learning experiences. Furthermore, instructors perform the tasks the system requires, but do not endeavor to increase the quality of teaching. Therefore, this study concludes that the beliefs of instructors teaching in distance education programs should be strengthened by ensuring a proper knowledge background to increase the effectiveness of the instructional process.
Teachers' Views About The Use Of Tablet Computers D?stributed In Schools As Part Of The FAT?H Project
Authors: AKGÜN Özcan Erkan , GÖKMEN Ömer Faruk , DUMAN Ibrahim
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers' views about the use of tablet computers distributed as a part of the FATIH (Movement for Enhancing Opportunities and Improving Technology) Project. In this study, the case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The participants were twenty teachers working in secondary schools and in various fields. Data were collected using a form with semi-structured questions. For analysing the data, content analysis was used. In addition, the frequency of analogical remarks and participants’ statements supporting the findings are included. The findings of the study represents that the teachers had not received in-service training on the use of tablet computers and that they rarely used them in education. It was also identified that the teachers using tablet computers are very few and that they use these tablets for the purpose of doing exercises or getting learners to watch videos and animations. Several reasons for not using tablet computers were identified, such as; there is no connection between the tablet and interactive whiteboards (IWBs), tablets cause teachers to encounter classroom management problems and can distract students, and students play games on the tablets while teachers are teaching in the classroom. In addition, the teachers stated that the tablets have restrictions on access to educational contents, that they could not access any resources except the Educational Informatics Network (EBA) and that the content of EBA is inadequate. Finally, the teachers stated that infrastructure problems (such as network and internet connections) should be solved in order for them to be aided in the education processes and further, that teachers should receive in-service training on teaching and learning with tablets.
The Acceptance of Smartphone as a Mobile Learning Tool: Students of Business Studies in Bangladesh
Authors: Syed Ahmed Mazharuddin , Kabir S M Akramul
Published: April 2018

Mobile devices have become attractive learning devices for education. It is common to assume that our current undergraduates are digital natives who are naturally proficient and expert in the use of technology so do mobile devices such as Smartphone. Smartphone has become more of a computing device and are multi-functional, hence, its use as a learning tool needs to be assessed for its effectiveness. Researchers in the field of technology acceptance have been consistently improvising the technology acceptance models to fit in different contextual parameters. Unified Theory of Acceptance and the Use of Technology model 2 (UTAUT2) has gained a lot of credibility in this area and hence better suited for this study. This research is an attempt to understand the potentials of the acceptance of Smartphone underpinning the UTAUT2 model for the undergraduate Business students of a reputed private University in Bangladesh.
The Effect of Mobile Learning Applications on Students' Academic Achievement and Attitudes toward Mobile Learning
Authors: Demir Kadir , Akpınar Ercan
Published: April 2018

This study examines the effect of mobile learning applications on undergraduate students' academic achievement, attitudes toward mobile learning and animation development levels. Quasi-experimental design was used in the study. Participants of the study were students of the Buca Faculty of Education at Dokuz Eylul University in Turkey. The experiment was conducted during the first semester of 2013-2014 academic year. A mobile learning-based strategy was used in experimental group (n?=?15), while the control group participated in a lecture-based classroom (n?=?26). An attitude scale was used to measure the students’ attitudes toward mobile learning, and achievement test was used to examine the effect of mobile learning applications on the students’ achievement. In order to evaluate the animations developed by students, a rubric was used. For exploratory analysis, interviews were conducted with students. The findings suggest that mobile learning may promote students' academic achievement. Both groups had significantly high attitude scores toward mobile learning. Furthermore, the students appreciated mobile learning as an approach that may significantly increase their motivation. Researchers and practitioners should take into consideration that mobile learning can create positive impact on academic achievement and performance and increase the motivation of students.
3. VE 4. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SOSYAL-DUYGUSAL ÖĞRENME BECERİLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ESEN AYGÜN Hanife , ŞAHİN TAŞKIN Çiğdem
Published: April 2018

This research aimed to understand the third and fourth grade primary students' level of social-emotional learning skills. Besides, the research also examines the students' social-emotional learning skills in terms of various variables. Social-Emotional Learning Skills Scale is used to collect data. Firstly, primary students' social emotional learning levels are determined. Then, their social emotional learning skills are examined according to gender, age, class level, location they live in, parental education status and students' Turkish and Math’s grades. Findings of this research revealed that students show higher social-emotional learning skills. There is a significant difference regarding the mothers’ educational status in favor of high school and there are also no significant difference found students' social-emotional learning skills according to the fathers’ educational status. Also, there is a significant difference of students' social-emotional learning levels according to the Turkish-Math grades in favor of successful students.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖZ-DÜZENLEME DÜZEYLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYBEK Birsel , ASLAN Serkan
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze the
self-regulation levels of prospective teachers in terms of certain variableS. In this research, the descriptive
survey model, one of the survey models, was used. The population of the study consists of prospective
teachers studying in the faculty of education at Cukurova University.
Convenience sampling method,  one of the
purposive sampling method, wasapplied in the research, . The sample comprises
of 443 prospective teachers studying in Faculty of Education at Cukurova
University in the 2015-2016 academic year. Personal Information Form and “Self-Regulation Scale”
developed by Aydın, Özer-Keskin ve Yel (2013) were used as data collection tool
in this study. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance were
utilized during the analysis of the data (MANOVA). In the research, it was observed that the prospective
teachers were on the “I agree” level for general scale and dimension of
self-affirmation, while this level was “I partly agree” for dimensions of
self-observation and self-assessment. The dimensions of self-observation and
self-affirmation scores of prospective teachers did not differ greatly in terms
of gender, but dimension of self-assessment differed greatly in terms of
gender. The dimensions of self-observation and self-affirmation scores of
prospective teachers did not differ greatly in terms of class, but dimension of
self-assessment differed greatly in terms of class. The dimensions of
self-observation, self-assessment and self-affirmation scores of prospective
teachers differed greatly in terms of university entrance. The dimension of
self-observation scores of prospective teachers did not differ greatly in terms
of department, but dimensions of self-assessment and self-affirmation differed
significantly in terms of department
İLKOKUL BİRİNCİ SINIFA DEVAM EDEN ÇOCUKLARI OLAN ANNELERİN DEĞER ALGILARININ VE ÇOCUKLARINA AKTARMAK İSTEDİKLERİ DEĞERLERİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TOSUN Tugay , UYANIK BALAT Gülden
Published: April 2018

Many scientists view values ​​as having a basic importance
in understanding and explaining human behavior. Values ​​emerge as criteria in
the individual's thoughts, attitudes, behaviors and works and constitute an
element of social integrity. Individuals generally adopt the values ​​of the
group, the society and the culture
they live in, and use them as a
criterion in their judgments and choices. Thus, they find the possibility of
reaching more general, more accurate, better, more important, more appropriate
and fairer judgments (Boratav, 2009, Kuşdil & Kağıtçıbaşı, 2000). The aim
of this research is to compare the relationship between the value perceptions
of the mothers of primary first grade children and the values ​​they want to
transfer to their children. The study group included 312 mothers of children
who are studying in the first grades of 6 different elementary schools in the
Pendik district of Istanbul. According to this, to determine mothers’ value
perceptions, Portrait Values Questionnaire developed by Schwartz et al. (2001)
and to determine the values ​​they want to transfer to their children, Value
Transfer Questionnaire were used. According to the results of the study, the
mothers attached the most importance to the value of ‘universality’ in their
perceptions of value. Mothers attached the least importance to ​‘power’ value
in their own perception of values. However, mothers attached the most
importance to ‘kindness’ and ‘universality’ in conveying values to their
children. Findings of the study were discussed in the light of field research.
AZERBAYCAN’DA ÖĞRENCİLERİN KENDİLERİNE SUNULAN PSİKOLOJİK HİZMETLERİ DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ
Authors: BABAYEV Anar , NAZLI Serap
Published: April 2018

This study, using Survey method, aims to determine how students in Azerbaijan perceive
provided psychological
services at their schools. The samples of the study consist of a
total of 314 students 147 of whom are 10th grade and 167 of whom are 11th grade
students. The data were collected according to the survey
results that was conducted by the researcher. The obtained data was analysed by
calculating frequency and percentile values. It has been found that students know the school’s
psychologist, but they don’t know his/her office and they perceive his
responsibility as dealing with problematic students. Furthermore, students
rarely consult a school psychologist and those who visit a psychologist mainly
ask for help regarding their psychological issues. The results of the study
show that students in Azerbaijan in general are dissatisfied with carried out
activities and find offered services inadequate and they demand developmental
and preventive guidance.
Make in India Campaign: An Assessment of its Likely Economic Impact
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Aggarwal Annu , Shrivastav Rohit Kumar
Published: April 2018

India’s growth performance has been diverse yet fascinating over a period of time. While agriculture and manufacturing were the dominant sectors during the pre-industrialisation and industrialisation period respectively, more recently, the services sector has emerged as the most important sector in terms of its contribution to GDP. The growing demands of service sector and its importance in the economy has led to a concern about the situation of India’s manufacturing sector. This study analyses the ‘Make in India’ initiative of the present government launched in September 2014, with the twin objectives of developing India as hub of business and manufacturing and generating massive employment opportunities for India’s teeming young population. The analysis indicates that Indian economy is gaining momentum slowly, and growth estimates are in line with projections made. India also has the best prospects for the growth opportunities in coming decade. Since this concept is new, it will take some years before analysts can effectively measure the success of this campaign.
Socio-economic Effects of Demonetisation: A Case Study of Employees of BSSS, Bhopal
Authors: Simon Richi , Bisen Sadhana Singh
Published: April 2018

Demonetisation as an initiative has brought substantial repercussions in Indian economy. Demonetisation had affected almost all the sections of the society. This paper aims to develop an understanding about the process of demonetisation in Indian context and attempts to compare the positive and negative effects of demonetisation across the categories of teaching and non-teaching staff by taking a case study of Bhopal School of Social Sciences. Proportionate stratified random sampling was utilised for the purpose of study with employees falling into two strata. The paper presents the problems faced and perspective developed by the employees in academia in Bhopal during the course of demonetisation and also provides an outlook of what got presented by media and how it differed in reality.
Work Engagement in India: Psychometric Evaluation of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale
Authors: Sharma Urvashi , Rajput Bhawna
Published: April 2018

This paper aims to analyse the psychometric properties of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) as developed by Schaufeli et al. (2002) in an India sample. It analyses two models of work engagement i.e. one-factor model, where work engagement is considered as a single construct and three-factor model, which considers three aspects of engagement (vigour, dedication and absorption) of both 17-item UWES and shortened version 9-item UWES. Psychometric properties including factor validity and internal consistency were assessed by an empirical study of 100 employees working in information technology companies in India. The results of confirmatory factor analysis reveal that for India, 9-item UWES and single construct work engagement scale is better than the three factor model. The study further revealed that internal consistency of complete scale was found to be consistent than the three sub-scales for both 9-item UWES and original 17-item UWES. The present study provides an insight as to which measure of UWES works better in context to India.
Factors affecting Abnormal Returns around Bonus Issue Announcements:
An Empirical Analysis of CNX 500 companies
Authors: Chhatwal Haritika , Lamba Ashu
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is to find the determinants affecting the abnormal returns from bonus announcements for the period 2006 through 2014. The paper uses regression model for the study. The findings reveal that the firm size has a significant role in declining the abnormal returns. Promoters’ holding and abnormal returns are found to have significant and negative relation. The pre-cumulative average abnormal returns are responsible for significant improvement in abnormal returns. The abnormal returns in both the pre-crisis and post-crisis period were negative. The companies belonging to services sector generated significantly higher abnormal returns than the manufacturing sector.