bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pydrln for Control of Leafhoppers on Grape Foliage, 1980
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Miller Karl V.
Published: March 2022

A vinifera vineyard at Conneaut, OH consisting of two rows of Reisling grapes alternating with two rows of Chardonnay was used for this test. Rows were 9 ft on center with 6 ft between vines in the row. Each treatment consisted of four adjacent rows (2 Chardonnay + 2 Reisling) which was equivalent to ca. 0.25 acres. The rate of 0.4 lb Al/Acre was applied to only 6 vines In one row (Chardonnay). Foliar sprays were applied on Jul 19 and Aug 2 at a rate of 32 gal/acre, using a Tecnoma 300 liter turbine air blast sprayer with 4 nozzles/side at 100 psi. A spreader-sticker. Miller Nu Film 17, was added to all sprays at the rate of I pt/100 gallons. No other insecticides were applied to the experimental area during this test. In sampling, 50 leaves (25/cultivar) were examined and the number of leafhopper nymphs/leaf recorded. Fungicides (Captan 50WP, Benlate 50WP, Sulfur and Maxicrop (Kelp)) were all sprayed every 10 to 14 days throughout the season. An injury survey was made prior to application on Jul 9 which Indicated that 20% of the leaves had some stippling.
Larvicidal Activity Against the Grape Berry Moth,1980
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A.
Published: March 2022

A fourteen year old experimental vineyard of ‘Concord’ grapes at Wooster, OH was used for this evaluation. Rows were 9ft on center with 9ft between vines in the row. Each row was a randomized complete block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/treatment. Insecticidal applications were made on Jun 27 and Jul 7 at the rate of 100 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 25 core. A spreader-sticker (Ortho X-77) was added to all Insecticide and fungicide sprays at I pt/100 gal. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area at a 2 week interval beginning in mid-May through July, using 1 lb Benlate 50WP and 2 lb Captan 50WP/100 gal. On Aug 3, applications were made using 1/2 lb Folpet 50WP, plus 1/2 lb Dlthane M-45/100 gal water. Ten clusters were taken at random from each plot, and the number of ‘stung’ berries in each plot was recorded. Date of harvest was Sep 30.
Chemical Suppression of the Meadow Spittlebug in Strawberries, 1980
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted at the Snyder Farm of OARDC located at Wooster, OH on a 3-year old planting of ‘Midway’ strawberries. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications was utilized. Plot size was 76 inches long by 20 inches wide with rows 48 inches apart. Insecticides were applied on May 27 when plants were in full bloom. They were sprayed with a CO2 powered constant sprayer equipped with a Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 23 core at the rate of 100 gal/acre. To confine the insecticides to their respective plots in the continuous rows a piece of cardboard 3 ft x 3 ft was secured at each end of the plot. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on May 20 and Jun 2 at the following rates: Benlate 50WP 0.5 lb + Captan 50WP 1.5/100 gal. Nymphal counts were made by tossing a wire frame I ft2 near the center portion of a plot and counting the number of spittle masses present on any part of the plants Inside the square.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A.
Published: March 2022

Varying rates of FMC 35001 were compared against Vendex and Ethion for efficacy against citrus rust mite CRM) in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were replicated 7 times in single tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. The spray application was applied dilute with a handgun at 400 psi using a truck-mounted sprayer on May 30. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A I cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Efficacy of Drawin 755 Against Citrus Blackfly, 1979
Authors: Dowell Robert V.
Published: March 2022

Two field tests of the efficacy of Drawin 755 against citrus blackfly were conducted in Aug - Sep (test I) and Oct - Nov (test 2). In Test I, 8 trees were sprayed per treatment while in Test 2, 5 trees were used per treatment. Rates were as follows: Test I - 0, 75 and 100 grams A 1/100 liters and Test 2-0. 50. 75 and 100 grams A 1/100 liters. Citrus blackfly population levels were estimated by randomly selecting 5 infested leaves from each tree on each sampling date, -I, +3, +7, +14, and +35 days. Each nymph on each leaf was probed with a dissecting needle under a microscope at 30X and considered alive if body fluids were present. Treatments were applied with a hydraulic sprayer to the point of runoff.
Oranges, Control of Texas Spider Mite With Nc 21314, 1980
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Trees in a 12-year-old Valencia block were used in this test. Leaves averaged 3 motile mites and 5 eggs Apr I In this area of the grove. Each treatment consisted of single-tree plots replicated 4 times. Plots were sprayed at a rate of 3 gal/tree (234 gpa) Apr 2 with a hand gun using 400 psi. Results were taken in the field by sampling 50 leaves/tree with the aid of 20X hand magnifiers.
Control of American Plum Borer on Almonds, 1980
Authors: Lindegren J. E. , Yamashita T. T.
Published: March 2022

A Volck Supreme oil (2E) was applied in Feb to frass in American plum borer gallery openings. Galleries showing recent activity were selected and 1.8 ml oil was applied with a 500 ml “oil can” to the frass protruding from 10 treatment galleries. Ten like galleries were selected for the untreated control. The oil rapidly penetrated the gallery through the accumulated frass. Three days after exposure, all larvae, test and control, were excavated from the galleries to determine larval mortality.
Lepidoptera Control in Broccoli, 1980
Authors: Trumble John T. , Zehnder Geoff
Published: March 2022

‘De Cicco’ broccoli was seeded at 3 lb/acre on Aug 24 at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Irvine, California. Experimental plots were 20 m long and 3 rows wide, with 0,76 m between rows. Plants were thinned to 0.33-0.38 m spacings on Sept 9-10. Following thinning, the crop was furrow-irrigated weekly. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a Latin Square design, with replicates separated by 1.5 m and 1 untreated row of plants. Plants were sprayed weekly with Pirimor 50WP for aphid control at 0.25 lb ai/acre and 100 or 120 psi on Sept 19, 26, Oct 3, 10, and 17. Carrier (H2O) increased from 45 to 100 gal/acre as plant height increased. Pydrin and Nudrin were applied at 0.1 and 0.9 lb ai/acre, respectively, on the same dates, with the same amount of carrier. Treatments were evaluated for cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, beet armyworm, and diamondback moth larvae and pupae from 10 plants from the center row in each replicate on Sept 25, Oct 2, 9, 16 and 23. All mature plants in each replicate were harvested on Oct 27. No precipitation was recorded at the weather facility on the South Coast Field Station during this experiment.
Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage with Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1979
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

Trials were conducted on cabbage planted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station where the soil type is Laveen Clay Loam. ‘Golden Acre Y. R.’ seed was planted in a dry seed bed on Aug 21 using a Stanhay precision planter which spaced the seeds approximately 2 inches apart. The planting was furrow irrigated and kept moist until germination. Seedling cabbage was thinned to a 14 inch spacing on Sep 27. Plots were 13.3 ft wide (4-40 inch beds) x 25 ft long representing 0.007 acre. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Spray applications were made with a CO2 bak-pak sprayer utilizing a lightweight spray boom having 2 hollow cone nozzles. Each nozzle was fitted with a D-3 disc, No. 25 core and 50 mesh screen operating at 55 psi. A single nozzle per plant row was used when the plants were small and 2 nozzles per plant row were used when the plants became larger, insect counts were made at approximately weekly intervals by examination of 10 plants from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Thus 40 plants were examined for the presence of cabbage looper eggs and larvae. When mature all of the plants from the middle 2 beds of each plot were rated for insect damage using a scale of 1-5 (1 = no visible insect damage, and 5 = heavy insect feeding damage). In addition to the damage rating, the heads in the middle 2 beds were rated according to size using the scale 1-3, 1 = large, 2 = medium, 3 = small, plus culls.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Blue Heaven’ cabbage were transplanted Jul 22 ’80 in sandy loam soil in single row, 25 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with one drop nozzle on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 43 gal/A at 40 psi. Treatments were applied Aug 6, 14, 28 and Sep 4, 12 and 19. In evaluating the various treatments, direct larval counts, foliage injury ratings, and percent marketable heads were utilized. The categories for the foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) no feeding evident; 2) slight visible feeding; 3) heavy feeding, head damaged, 10-25% defoliation; 4) intense feeding, 50% defoliation, and 5) severe feeding, 75% defoliation. Yields (percent marketable heads) were taken on Sep 29, defined as cabbage heads that had no visible feeding and contained at least 2 wrapper leaves.
Control of the Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Javaid I.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted in randomized block design at the field station of Natural Resources Development College, Lusaka during 1977 in dry season. There were ten treatments including control with four replications. The treatments were compared in 36 m2 (18x2 m) test plots containing three rows of 25 cabbage heads. Three applications were made with hand operated knapsack sprayer at 50 gallons of water per acre. Teepol was added as a spreader to each spray at a rate of 4 ml per gallon. The materials tested were orthene 75% WP, nuvacron 40% EC, diazinon 60% EC, malathion 50% EC, DDT 75% WP, and thuricide. The materials used as standards were DDT and malathion. The effectiveness of materials was determined by counting the surviving larvae and pupae on ten randomly selected plants 2 weeks after the last spray.
Cabbage Insect Management, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E. , Morisak D.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was seeded on May 21, 1980 at Fremont, Ohio on 30” centers with a Nibex precision seeder. Two row plots 30 ft long separated by untreated border rows were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi through a 8015E nozzle. Plots were evaluated weekly counting larvae on 5 plants/plot, and materials were applied on an “as needed” basis when Lepidoptera larval pressure exceeded 1 larva/2 plants. On Aug 27, 10 plants/plot were evaluated for damage using both a fresh market and a processing (sauerkraut) damage rating scale. Total yields were measured on 1 row/plot.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

‘Market Prize’ cabbage was transplanted on Aug 11, 1980, near Benson, NC. Treatments consisted of single-row plots 15 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Five-ft alleys separated blocks. Five treatments were applied weekly on Oct 15, 27, and Nov 3, except Ambush which was applied Oct 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, Nov 3 and 5. Applications were made using a 2.5 gallon CO2 backpack sprayer at a rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre at 40 psi with a hollow cone nozzle. Eight cabbage heads were sampled on Nov 4 and all T.ni, P.xylosfrello and P.rapae larvae counted. Worm damage evaluations were also made. A 1-5 scale was used: 1 indicating no damage and 5 indicating heavy damage. The various worm counts were combined for statistical analysis of total worms per head.
Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Bias Tom , Duenas Joseph G.
Published: March 2022

The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Nov 8, 1978. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 12 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 6 plants. Four plots were Ruby Ball and 4 plots were C-O. The 2 varieties were equally represented in the experiment; 2 C-O plots and 2 Ruby Ball plots received the Orthene treatment and 2 plots of each variety were controls. Treatments were applied with a solo backpack sprayer 425 starting Jan 31, 1979, and continued every 4 days until Feb 15, 1979. Diamondback damage was assessed on Feb 15, 1979, by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Carrot Weevil Control, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

Celery was transplanted on Apr 24, 1980, at the Muck Crops Research Station, OARDC, Willard, Ohio. Two row plots,. 25 ft long on 24 inch centers, were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized block design. Soil type was organic muck. Rows were planted in a north-south direction perpendicular to an east-west row of willows used as a wind break where the carrot weevil overwinters. Each plot was bordered by 6 rows of onions planted as a non-host crop border to minimize between plot movement by the carrot weevil. Traps baited with carrots were placed along the willow row and sprays were initiated on May 8, 1980 coinciding with first capture of adult carrot weevils. Directed sprays were applied with a tractor driven sprayer at 2 mph delivering 50 gal of spray at 30 psi. Damage was evaluated on Jun 11, 1989 by digging 10 celery plants/row (20/plot) at the south end of the row nearest the willow row and counting numbers of plants infested with carrot weevil.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1980
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A.
Published: March 2022

Funks G80 planted Apr 21, 1980, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was an Appling sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20 ft long x 38 inch row width x 2 ft alleys was used with 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 6 times on Jun 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, and 30. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Jul 2 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1980
Authors: Bowman James
Published: March 2022

‘Harris Classic’ eggplants were transplanted on May 24, 1980 into single row plots on 3-ft centers consisting of five plants each spaced 2-ft apart. Each plot was replicated four times and arranged in a randomized block design. Spray treatments were applied on Jun 13, 20, Jul 3, 11, 18, 25, Aug 1, 8, and ]5, 1980 using a B & G pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. Evaluations were made by counting all the visible larvae on each plant on Jul 3, 1980 and by comparing the yield of fruit harvest from each treatment. Harvests were made on Aug 21, 26, Sep 2, and 10, 1980 by picking and weighing all marketable fruit from each treatment. The yield data presented is a composit of the four pickings.
Pepper Weevil Control on Pepper, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set Mar 6, 12 in apart on 3 ft wide by 6 in high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 15 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied Mar 25, Apr 1, 9, 17, 24, 30, May 7, 13, 19, 27, and Jun 3 with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 RPM (20-25 mph wind) and delivered 120 GPA. On Apr 24 all fruit larger than 0.5 in diam were removed because an infection of the plants with bacterial leaf spot caused differential fruit drop among plots. Subsequently, an unknown virus infection affected fruit size on some plots so yields (weights) were not taken. On May 21, 27 and Jun 3 all fruit that had dropped from the plants and trapped in 2 in high barriers surrounding each plot and all fruit of marketable size on the plants were collected. On Jun 10-11 all fruit that had dropped as well as all fruit on the plants greater than 0.5 in diam were collected. Each fruit was examined for pepper weevil feeding/oviposition scars on the outer surface, internal feeding damage and pepper weevil larvae, pupae and adults.
European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm Control on Banana Peppers, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

Hot and sweet banana peppers were transplanted into adjacent single-row plots 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Devrinol (1.5 lbs ai/acre) was incorporated preplant for weed control. Plants were drenched with Terraclor (10 lbs/100 gallons water) on Jun 27 to control southern blight. Weekly treatments of Bravo (1.0 lb/100 gallons water) were applied for disease control. Experimental treatments were applied weekly beginning Jul 18 and ending Aug 22 for a total of 6 applications. Applications were made using a 2.5 gal CO2 backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. Application rate was equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre. Insect counts were made 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after the last application.
Irish Potato, Wireworm Control, Guildhall, Vermont, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the Burt Peasley Farm, Guildhall, Vermont which is contiguous with the potato growing region of Coos County, New Hampshire. The area used was prepared for its second year of potato production after being in grass sod for more than 20 years. The plots were 24 ft by 50 ft with each treatment replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Broadcast (BC) treatments were made on May 27, 1980 just prior to planting and were worked into the soil to a depth of 4 inches. The soil temperature at this time was 12°C. Spray treatments were applied with a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand held boom. Dyfonate 4E and Parathion 8E were also applied as a delayed broadcast (DBC) treatment on Jun 12, 1980 to evaluate any benefits in control when applying liquid sprays later in the season when the soil has a chance to warm up. These treatments were incorporated using a hand rake. At this time the potatoes had not started to crack the ground and the soil had not begun to warm up (10°C). Broadcast granular treatments were made by preweighing and distributing individual doses over each plot using a cyclone seeder. Eight rows of Katahdin Irish potatoes 36-inches apart were planted in the broadcast treated plots immediately following incorporation. These treatments also received Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre applied to the seed furrow to control foliage feeding insects. The in-furrow (IF) treatments of Dyfonate 10G and Dyfonate 20G were applied using a Gandy plot applicator to furrows that had been left open by removing the drags on the potato planter. These rows were then covered by hand. These in furrow treatments also received Temik 15G in the furrow. Evaluation were made on Sep 27, 1980 by examining 100 washed tubers from the center two rows of each plot and counting the number injured by either wireworms or white grubs. Yields were determined by weighing all the potatoes from 20 feet of row from each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control Tests with Carbaryl, Dipel, and Carbaryl-Dipel Combinations, 1979
Authors: Harper J. D. , Hollingsworth M. H.
Published: March 2022

Observations from previous field tests suggested that a Sevin - Bacillus thuringiensis mixture may have provided better control of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) than Sevin alone. The test reported here was designed to investigate this combination and was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Red LaSoda Irish potatoes were planted 20 Mar 1979 in rows with 44 inch centers. Plots were 4 rows by 10 ft with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were all possible combinations of 5 levels of Dipel and 4 levels of Sevin. Treatments were applied on 18 May using knapsack sprayers. Prespray, 4, and 14 day larval postspray counts were made. Prespray larval counts averaged 10.25 ± 6.0 larvae/plant. Adults were present on plants but contributed less than 2% of the total CPB population.
Apple, Early Season Mite Treatments, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to 5 year old York apple trees using a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi to single tree plots, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The trees were sprayed to runoff. Oil sprays were applied in delayed dormant on Apr 10 and were followed by an application of Plictran 50W at .25 lb/100 on June 24. Other treatments were applied in pre-pink on April 22 except SLJ-0312. Omite 30W, Onite 6E and SU-0312 were applied on May 19 (second application for the Omites). All plots had a second application and the Omites a third application on Jun 24. Sampling was done 4 times by collecting 20 leaves from each replicate at random around the perimeter of the tree. The sample leaves were brushed with a modified Henderson-McBurnie type machine. Mites and eggs were trapped on a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of dilute polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Mites and eggs on two sections of the plate equalling 20% of the total area were counted; from this the total number in each sample was calculated. All treatments were compatible with horticultural practices and no phototoxicity was observed. Other pesticides used include Polyram, benomyl, captan, Dithane, Pirimor, phosalone, carbaryl, azinphosmethyl, Thylate, and Karathane. All rosy apple aphid colonies around each tree were counted on May 29.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L.
Published: March 2022

The experimental, standard, and tank-mix insecticide treatments were applied in comparative tests to mature Stayman trees on May 16, May 30, Jun 18, Jul 17, Jul 29 and Aug 20. The treatments were applied with a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Other sprays used throughout the season included oil + Trithion, benomyl, Polyram, Manzate, Dikar, Karathane, zineb,Alar, and Phaltan. Plictran was applied on Jul 22 and Omite on Jul 29 to reduce a high mite population. One application of Lannate L 24 oz/A + Dipel WD .8 lb/A was applied on Sep 23 to prevent excessive leafroller damage until normal harvest time. Fruit was harvested in mid-October and evaluated for insect damage and to measure treatment effects on fruit finish. Two hundred fifty apples per treatment (50/rep) were examined. Finish was rated on a scale of 1-5 with 1 being the best. Variegated leafroller and tufted apple budmoth damage is similar and is combined for purposes of this test.
Mid and Late Season Foliar Sprays and the Evaluation of Thimet for the Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle, 1980
Authors: Moore R. E. B. , Hare J. D.
Published: March 2022

‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted on May 2 in a Merrimac sandy loam soil at the Valley Laboratory, Windsor. Plots consisted of 3 rows 1.0 m apart and 4.6 m long. Each row had 16 plants. There were 4 replications arranged in a randomized design. Temik or Thimet was applied directly to the seed furrow at planting. Thimet was compared to Temik for early season beetle control. On Jul 7, when Colorado potato beetles began to survive on plots treated with Temik, weekly spraying of foliar insecticides was initiated. Six sprays were tested through Aug 20. The 2 synthetic pyrethroids. Ambush and Pydrin were compared directly. The benefit of adding Thiodan to either Furadan or Ambush was determined. Ambush, the most effective material in previous trials, was also used to control beetles in plots treated with Thimet.
Potato, Wireworm Control, Hermiston, Oregon, 1979
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted at the Oregon State University Columbia Basin Experiment Station in a solid-set sprinkler-irrigated field. The soil type was Ephrata sandy loam (Xerollic Camborthids), and the organic matter content was less than 1%. The test area consisted of 4 adjacent blocks of 4 different application methods: preplant broadcast, at-plant sidedress, seed-piece furrow, and postemergence sidedress. Each plot measured 12.2 m and 4 rows wide (86.4 cm row spacing). On Apr 30, broadcast applications were made: granules were broadcast with a hand-operated Cyclone grass seeder, and liquid formulations were applied with a hand-held 2-row sprayer with a boom consisting of 4 TeeJet (No. AL80015) nozzles. Liquid formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 0.95 litre and applied at a rate of 224.5 litre/ha at a pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2 . The plots were rototilled to a depth of 10.2-15.2 cm within 1 hr after application. On May 2-3, potato seed pieces were planted with a 2-row planter and the at-plant sidedress and seed-piece furrow applications were made. On June 1, postemergence sidedress materials were applied 2 rows at a time with tractor-mounted Gandy and liquid applicators in a manner similar to that used with the at-plant sidedress materials. On Oct 2-4, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each replicate (from ca. 4.6 m/row). All tubers were washed and examined for wireworm feeding, and the percentages, by weight, of tubers injured and damaged were determined. “Injured” was defined as any penetration of a tuber by a wireworm and “damage” as any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes. All percentages were transformed to arcsine Percentage and analyzed by analysis of variance (a modified split-plot design in which replications were within application blocks) and Duncan’s multiple range test. Materials that were not applied with all 4 application methods were not included in the analysis.
Tomato Fruitworm and Tomato Pinworm Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Harper J. D. , Kouskolekas C. A. , Herbert D. A. , Hollingsworth M. H.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Tomato transplants were set on Jun 24. Plots consisted of 3 rows, 25 ft long (88-in centers), with 5-ft alleys. A completely randomized field-plot design was used with 4 replications of each of 12 treatments. Sprays were initiated when fruit began to mature. Applications were made weekly on Aug 15, 21, 29, Sep 4, 11, 18 and 26. All applications were made with a Super Blue Boy 6000 high clearance sprayer delivering 71 gal of spray per acre at 250 psi. Tomatoes were harvested 4 times (Sep 26 and 30, Oct 3 and 10). Data were taken from the middle row of each plot. All fruits were examined visually, and dissected when necessary, to determine damage by the fruitworm or pin worm.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Chico III’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft in length, on Jun 6 ‘80. Each plot was buffered on either side by an untreated guard row. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Jul 7, 14, 25; Aug 6 ‘80. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on Sep 22 ‘80.
Insect Control on Tomato, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H.
Published: March 2022

‘Flora-Dade’ transplants were set Mar 6, 18 in apart on 3 ft wide by 6 in high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Mar 25, Apr 1, 9, 17, 24, 30, May 7 and 13 with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 RPM (20-25 mph wind) and delivered 120 GPA. On Apr 29 and May 21, the number of leafmines of the vegetable leafminer (VLM) were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets (trifoliate) of the third fully expanded leaf from the tip of each plant/plot. The number of undamaged fruit and those damaged by larvae of the cabbage looper (CL), granulate cutworm (GCW) and tomato fruitworm (TFW) were counted in a single harvest on May 20. The following day, 5 plants/plot were cut and shaken and the number of dislodged larvae of the CL, GCW, and TFW counted.
Irish Potato, Granular and Foliar Sprays for Season Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1981
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, NH. ‘Chiefton’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows 36 inches apart on May 14. Each plot consisted of two 47 ft rows with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The plots were separated by 2 buffer rows that had been treated with Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre in the seed furrow at planting time. Granular treatments were made by opening up a furrow along side the seed pieces with a hoe and applying the granules using a Gandy plot applicator on May 20. Sprays were applied on Jul 16, 27, Aug 8, and 18 with a B … G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand-held boom with 4 nozzles. Control was determined on Aug T8 by counting the live larvae and adults.
Control of Azinphosmethyl Resistant Green Peach Aphids on Potato, 1981
Authors: Cranshaw Whiteney S. , Radcliffe Edward , Johnston Richard L. , Cuperus Gerrit W.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Plots were 2 row, 60 ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Starting in early Jul, all plots were sprayed every 10-14 days with azinphosmethyl (Guthion 2L) at the rate of 0.5 lb ai/acre. High populations of green peach aphid became established throughout the plots as a result of these treatments. Plots were sprayed Sep 9 using a CO2 sprayer delivering 25 gal water/acre at 25 psi. Plots were evaluated Sep 11 by randomly selecting 35 leaves/plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control and Potato Yields, 1980
Authors: Margolies D. C. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on May 1 in Sunderland, MA. Eptam was applied and incorporated prior to planting. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca 5.5. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 10 m rows with a 1 m fallow area between each plot. Temik was placed into the seed furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). The Temik sidedress was applied prior to first hilling (May 30) as a band 20 cm to 1 side of the row. Foliar treatments were applied with a 12 liter stainless steel backpack sprayer at 275-345 K pascals and a delivery of 650 liter/ha. Foliar spray applications were made on Jun 10, 17 and 25; Jul 1, 22 and 30. The Jun 10 application of Ambush (0.22 kg/ha) was missed. Evaluation of the various insecticidal treatments utilized direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and foliar injury ratings. Injury was rated on a scale of 0-5 as follows: 0 - no damage; 1 - less than 10% defoliation; 2 - 25% defoliation; 3 - 50% defoliation; 4 - 75% defoliation and 5 - complete defoliation. Yields were taken on Aug 20 and 21.
Synthetic Pyrethroid Sprays for Control of Aphids and Mites on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Powell Donnie
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on Apr 22, in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2 and organic matter 1.62 at Yakima, WA. The insecticides were applied with a 2-row, 4 nozzle portable boom CO2 powered sprayer at 50 psi in 50 gal of water per acre on Jul 1. Each plot was 2 rows (34 inch) wide and 19 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated with 0.75 acre inch applied at 5-7 day intervals. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from the lower two-thirds of the plants on Jul 6, 8 and 22 and the number of green peach aphids and twospotted spider mites on the leaves were counted.
Pydrin for Control of Bertha Armyworm on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Powell Donnie M.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were grown in Winchester sands, Xerictorripsamments, with less than 0.5% organic matter at Pasco, WA. The 110 acre circle of potatoes was irrigated with a center pivot irrigation system. Pydrin was appi ied at the rate of 0.375 lb ai/acre with 80 ml of Redtop nutrient buffer ZNT in 8 gal of spray per acre by Aircraft on Jul 21. The irrigation system was in operation at the time of spray application and it continued to Irrigate the complete circle of potatoes, thus creating a time interval between spray application and sprinkler irrigation in various parts of the field. Evaluations were made by brushing the potato foliage with the hand to dislodge the larvae and then counting the total number of dead and living larvae per sq meter of soil surface in 10 locations in an area of the field. The larvae were recorded according to size: Small = 1st and 2nd instar, medium = 3rd and 4th instar and large = 5th instar. For the pre-treatment counts the average number of small, medium and large larvae per sq meter were 3.0 ± 1.4, 3.5 ± 1.6 and 7.5 ± 2.7, respectively. The 1 day post-treatment counts were made in an area that represented 12 hr between spray application and sprinkler irrigation. The 2 days post-treatment counts were made in 3 areas of the field that represented 6, 12, and 24 hr, respectively, between spray application and sprinkler irrigation.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘UC-134’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft in length, on May 27. Each plot was buffered on either side by an untreated guard row. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Jun 23, Jul 2, Jul 7, and Aug 4. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on Sep 9.
Laboratory Bioassay of Systemic Insecticide Treated Tomato Foliage on Colorado Potato Beetle, 1981
Authors: Walker Gregory P. , Simonet Donald E. , Chalfant Richard B.
Published: March 2022

Tomatoes were seeded in rows 12 inches apart (30 seeds/ft) on April 8 at the Coastal Plain Station of the University of Georgia, Tifton. The tomatoes were pulled Jun 1 and shipped to the Vegetable Research Branch, OARDC, Fremont, OH. These were transplanted at Fremont into loam soil on Jun 5 in rows spaced 5 ft apart with 11 inches between plants. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of single 40 ft rows. There were no guard rows. Pre-transplant treatments received broadcast applications of granular systemic insecticides that were irrigated into the soil on May 18 in GA. Post-transplant treatments received granular systemic insecticides applied in single 1 inch furrows ca 6 inches to the side of the plants on Jun 11 in OH. On Jun 16, 23, 30 and Jul 8, young foliage was collected from each plot and stored at ca 45°F until it was fed to early instar Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae in 9 inch glass petri dishes lined with moist filter paper. Larvae were allowed to feed 2-3 days at ca 72;F and then mortality was recorded. Larvae used in the bioassay were collected from C-37 tomatoes in Wooster, OH. Foliage from each plot was bioassayed with 5 larvae.
Pre-Plant Systemic Insecticides for Fall Alfalfa Stand Establishment, 1981
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Furadan was used as soil-incorporated prep I ant treatments to assess the benefit of using systemic insecticides in fall planted alfalfa stand establishment. Experiments were conducted at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN, on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied Jul 30 to 54 x 40 ft (0.05 acre) plots randomized in a complete block design with 3 replications. Alfalfa was seeded Jul 31 at a rate of 10 lb/acre. Granular applications were made by a Ortho-Whirlybird manual applicator and spray applications were made by tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 27 gal/acre at 100 psi pressure. Insect populations were sampled Sep 1 and Sep 24 using a vacuum machine by taking 15 putdowns-of a 20.3 cm vacuum hose (equivalent to 0.48 m2). Stand counts were taken Sep 11 by counting the number of plants in 10 one ft2 samples/plot.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1980
Authors: Flessel John K.
Published: March 2022

A 3-yr-old stand of Saranac alfalfa at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, OH was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 ft x 80 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The alfalfa was 10 inches tall at treatment and 25 inches at the completion of the study.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1981
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Farms, Rock Springs, Centre County. Insecticide sprays were applied Jun 23 in trial #1 and Jul 30 in trial M2. Plots were 40 ft x 40 ft in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Alfalfa was ca 6 inches tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in trial #1 in 30 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a tractor-mounted 20 ft spray boom and 8001 Teejet nozzles. In trial #2 the materials were applied in 20 gal water per acre at 30 psi. Potato leafhopper numbers were estimated from 20 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 inch dia heavy duty insect net. Alfalfa blotch leafminer density was determined from a 10 stem sample picked at random in each plot.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Missouri 1981
Authors: Mullins Walton , Kowalski Edward
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were evaluated for the control of alfalfa weevil larvae in an established alfalfa field in Pemiscot Co., MO. Plots were 20 ft x 50 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on Apr 24 at the rate of 5 gal/acre at 30 psi with a Hahn high clearance sprayer. Thirty stem samples were collected from each plot at 3, 7 and 14 days post-treatment and were placed in Berlese funnels and left for ca 24 hr. The number of alfalfa weevil larve present in the collection jar (containing 70? ETOH) was recorded for each plot.
Blue Alfalfa Aphid and Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil Control on Alfalfa, 1981
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Thirteen materials were applied to alfalfa Feb 18. Plants averaged 12 inches high and the field had been flood-irrigated Feb 15. Plots measured 8 ft x 150 ft with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Applications were made with a small plot pressurized sprayer at the rate of 15 gpa using 40 psl. The boom was equipped with 5 TX-10 cone-jet nozzles at 20 inch intervals. Aphid and weevil counts were made by taking 10 stems at random per plot (10 x 4 = 40 stems). Stems were placed in a “specially-constructed” galvanized canister charged with ketone. Aphids comprised all motile stages and weevil counts were of larvae.
European Corn Borer 2nd Brood Control, 1981
Authors: Deighan John , McPherson Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were examined to determine their effects on second brood European corn borer larvae infesting corn. Insecticides were applied Jul 21, when first generation moths became abundant in the blacklight trap next to the field. A completely randomized design was used with 4 replications in ‘Pioneer 3780’ corn grown on the Harold Delano Farm in Richmond Co., VA. Individual plots were 4 rows 25 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart. Each spray concentrate was directed towards the forming ear with a CO2-powered back-pack sprayer at 40 psi that delivered 20 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual plots were evaluated at harvest on Sep 9, by recording % stalks lodged, % stalks bored, % ear shanks bored and yield.
Field Corn, Chinch Bug Control, 1981
Authors: Foster David E. , Stockdale Harold J.
Published: March 2022

Applications of registered and experimental insecticides to control chinch bugs were evaluated on commercial fields at Sidney (Fremont County) and Mineola (Mills County), both in extreme southwestern IA. Treatments were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 4 rows by 10 m. Replications and plots within replications were arranged end-to-end in single file so that all plots were 12 rows from adjacent wheat. Treatments were applied using a back-pack sprayer equipped with drop nozzles and Teejet 65015 tips directed at the base of the plant from either side of the row. Materials were applied at 30 psi pressure with 30 gal/acre. Plots at Sidney were treated Jun 17 and evaluated on Jun 18 and 21. Plots at Mineola were treated Jun 25 and evaluated Jun 26, 28 and Jul 2. All counts were made by counting the number of chinch bugs per plant on 10 plants selected randomly from the middle 2 rows of each plot. Nymphs and adults were grouped. Chinch bug numbers above 100 were estimated visually.
Fall Armyworm Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Hochmuth Robert , Chaudhari Narendra , Linduska James
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on 2 farms, Poplar Hill Research farm, Quantico, Wicomico County and Snow Hill, Worcester County. At time of treatment, corn at both locations was near the tassel or late whorl stages, Treatment plots were four 15 ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pre-counts were taken on Jul 30 at Snow Hill and Aug 10 at Poplar Hil.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1981
Authors: Levine Eli
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to control corn rootworm larvae were evaluated at 3 locations in IL. Corn was planted in 30 inch rows on May 8, May 17, and May 22 at Bloomington (McLean County, central), Pearl City (Stephenson County, northwest), and the Agronomy South Farm of the University of Illinois (Champaign County, east), respectively. Varieties planted were ‘Funks G-4520’ at Bloomington, a mixture of ‘Renks 66E’ and ‘Pioneer 3732’ at Pearl City, and ‘Pioneer 3780’ at the South Farm. Each insecticide was applied in a 7 inch band over the row 1-8 days after planting with Noble metering units attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator and incorporated with a hand rake. Each treatment consisted of a 1 x 50 ft row. Experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications/treatment.
No-Till Field Corn, Emergency Treatments for the Common Stalk Borer, 1981
Authors: Rubink W. L. , McCartney D. M.
Published: March 2022

A randomized complete block design (5 treatments x 6 replications) was used to test the efficacy of 4 emergency treatments for the common stalk borer (CSB). Plot size was 6 rows (30 inch spacing) by 40 ft. The study site was a northeastern Ohio corn field containing several locally heavy infestations. CSB damage was quantified using percentages of “flagged” plants (those with wilted, dead or drying whorl leaves) as an index. Damage levels and subsequent yields were recorded for all plants in the central 2 rows of each plot. Test plots, located in a high damage area, averaged 36% damage (flagging) to seedling corn (2-leaf growth stage) by CSB larvae before emergency treatment, applied on Jun 4.
Control of Thrips with Seed Treatment and Granular Materials, 1981
Authors: Burris Gene , Clower D. F. , Rogers R. L.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied on 4 row x 50 ft plots, arranged in a complete randomized block design with 5 replicates and 25 ft alleys. Insecticide treatments were applied using a John Deere 4100 planter, equipped with granular applicators. The granular treatments were calibrated on 150 ft of row prior to planting, and the seed treatments were prepared at planting with 8 oz/ewt seed. Seed was planted on May 4. Plant stand, plant height and leaf area, measured on Jun 9, were used as a measure of performance. Thrips populations were light-moderate, and damage was expressed as light-moderate or severe to leaves. Cotton was machine harvested from all 4 rows and weights were converted to lb seed cotton per acre.
Activity of Insecticides on Eggs of Heliothis on Cotton, 1978
Authors: Drake D. C. , Searcy J. W. , Potharst K. , Fort T. M. , Welch A. W. , Hammes G. G.
Published: March 2022

In 1976, terminals containing eggs were collected from cotton plants in the field and egg locations were marked. The terminals were positioned on nearly mature cotton plants with the marked side upwards. Sprays were applied by hand sprayer or tractor. When the spray dried, the terminals were removed and placed on moist paper towels in covered containers. The containers were held for 2-10 days at 24°C in the laboratory. Total eggs versus eggs hatched were counted. Larvae that hatched but died were also counted. From these counts, the % eggs hatched and the % larvae that survived were determined.
Insecticide Treatmets for Plant Bug Control and Their Effects on Beneficials, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Stonevilie 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 at the West Tennessee Exp. Sta., Jackson, TN. Soil type was Grenada silt loam. Four row plots, 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The 15 ft alleys between blocks were planted with mustard Apr 1 to attract plant bugs. The mustard was cut with a sickle mower Jul 13 to force the plant bugs into the cotton. Pre-treatment counts were taken over the entire plot Jul 14 by shaking 12 4-row-ft samples over a drop cloth. Insecticides were applied Jul 14 with a 4 row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi 3 Delavan HB 4 70 nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH-660 high clearance sprayer. Single 4-row-ft post-treatment counts were taken from each plot Jul 17 as described above. Single 20-sweep post-treatment samples were taken from each plot Jul 24.