bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Investigation of Recent Pre-trained Language Model for Hate Speech Detection in Arabic Tweets
Authors: Daouadi Kheir Eddine , Boualleg Yaakoub , Guehairia Oussama
Published: June 2024

Today, hate speech classification from Arabic tweets has gained significant interest among global researchers. Different techniques and systems are harnessed to overcome this classification task. However, two main challenges are confronted, the use of handcrafted features and the fact that their performance rate is still limited. We address the hate speech identification from Arabic tweets while providing a deeper comprehension of the capability of a new technique based on transfer learning. Specifically, the accuracy result of traditional machine learning (ML) models is compared with Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) as well as Deep Learning (DL) models. Experiments on a benchmark dataset show that (1) the multidialectal PLMs outperform monolingual and multilingual ones; (2) the fine-tuning of recent PLMs enhances the performance results of hate speech classification from Arabic tweets. The major contribution of this work lies in achieving promising accuracy results in the Arabic hate speech classification task.
Case 326: Intra-Articular Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Iwasaka-Neder Jade , Bedoya M. Alejandra , Tsai Andy , Bixby Sarah D.
Published: June 2024

History

A 15-year-old male patient presented with a 3-week history of inner left thigh pain provoked by activity and experienced occasionally at rest. The patient denied nighttime pain, fever, or chills. Laboratory investigation revealed the following normal values: hemoglobin level of 15.6 g/dL (normal range, 13–16 g/dL), platelet count of 240 × 103/µL (normal range, 140–440 × 103/µL), and total leukocyte count of 7100 cells/µL (normal range, 4500–11 000 cells/µL). The percentage of neutrophils was considered low at 44% (normal range, 54%–62%), and the percentage of eosinophils was slightly high at 3.7% (normal range, 0%–3%). An anteroposterior radiograph of the left hip is shown. Physical therapy was initiated, with no improvement after 2 weeks of therapy. The patient was referred to an orthopedist for further evaluation. At physical examination, the patient endorsed marked left hip pain with hip flexion to 90°, limited internal and external rotation (5° and 15°, respectively), and antalgic gait favoring the left leg. Hip MRI and further serologic analysis were requested for further evaluation. Although the serologic testing was performed at an outside laboratory, the physician reported positive immunoglobulin-G Lyme titers, normal C-reactive protein level, and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Pelvic CT was requested. The patient was prescribed a course of doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 28 days), with reported resolution of symptoms 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. Three weeks later, the patient presented to our department with recurrent left hip pain, which was similar in severity compared with the initial presentation. A second MRI examination of the left hip was performed 4 months after the initial presentation.
Low-Dose CT–derived Bronchial Parameters in Individuals with Healthy Lungs
Authors: Dudurych Ivan , Pelgrim Gert-Jan , Sidorenkov Grigory , Garcia-Uceda Antonio , Petersen Jens , Slebos Dirk-Jan , de Bock Geertruida H. , van den Berge Maarten , de Bruijne Marleen , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn
Published: June 2024

This prospective study of 8869 individuals with healthy lungs found bronchial parameter measurements were influenced by sex, age, height, weight, and smoking history.
Heart Disease Diagnostics Using Meta‐Learning‐Based Hybrid Feature Selection
Authors: Dissanayake Kaushalya , Md Johar Md Gapar
Published: June 2024

Heart disease, encompassing a range of conditions affecting the heart, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The urgent need for precise diagnostic techniques is crucial for improving patient outcomes, as early and accurate diagnosis can significantly influence the effectiveness of treatment and management strategies. This study introduces an innovative approach to diagnosing heart disease by combining classifiers in a meta‐learning‐based approach and utilizing advanced feature selection methods in a hybrid model. Using the extensive heart disease dataset provided by the IEEE DataPort, our method aims to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis by gradually refining the selection of relevant features at two separate stages. Initially, in level 0, a collection of filter‐based algorithms, such as mutual information, relief, ANOVA, systematic uncertainty, and minimum redundancy‐maximum relevance, is utilized to identify a subset of relevant features. Subsequently, the Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) wrapper method is employed in level 1 to further fine‐tune the feature set. The model utilizes a meta‐learning‐based ensemble strategy for classification, combining basic classifiers such as K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) in level 0. In addition, a logistic regression (LR) meta‐classifier is incorporated at level 1. The proposed hybrid technique has been tested on the heart disease dataset, and the results show that the meta‐learning‐based hybrid feature selection approach performs exceptionally well in terms of performance metrics. The model produces impressive results with only eight precisely chosen features, including an accuracy of 96.2185%, precision of 96.0317%, recall of 96.8%, F1‐score of 96.4143%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9619. Furthermore, our approach significantly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques, indicating its potential to revolutionize heart disease diagnosis and improve patient care.
Feasibility of Deformation Monitoring for Acrylate Polymer Blended with Poly Resin Pipes (ABR) under External Load and Soil Collapse Using FBG Strain Sensing Technology
Authors: Hu Shaowei , Ye Yuxiao , Hu Yuquan , Shan Changxi , Li Wenhao
Published: June 2024

Buried PVC water pipeline is prone to deformation due to the influence of unfavorable factors such as external load and soil collapse. Once the deformation exceeds the critical threshold, serious consequences such as leakage and pipeline burst may occur. In response to the crucial issue of monitoring PVC pipeline deformation, the feasibility of utilizing FBG (fiber Bragg grating) sensing technology to monitor the deformation of acrylate polymer blended with poly resin (ABR) pipe subjected to external pressure and soil collapse is explored in this study. To assess the monitoring performance of FBG on the ABR pipe’s surface, an analysis method for package failure and pasted failure of FBG is introduced, along with the calculation formula for strain attenuation based on the Goodman model and the method for calculating the minimum adhesion length. A total of 20 ABR pipes with two cross‐sectional forms and different calibers are arranged with external pressure tests or soil collapse tests in this investigation. In the two tests, the circumferential strain measured by FBG is used to analyze the deformation of the ABR pipe and the bending strength. To validate the precision of FBG, a comparison between the strain curve measured by the strain gauge and that measured by the FBG sensors is conducted. The results of the two tests indicate that the deformation of the ABR pipe can be well monitored and the method can be applied to the field applications.
TGFβ in Pancreas and Colorectal Cancer: Opportunities to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance
Authors: Johansen Allan M. , Forsythe Steven D. , McGrath Callum T. , Barker Grayson , Jimenez Hugo , Paluri Ravi K. , Pasche Boris C.
Published: June 2024

TGFβ is a pleiotropic signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in regulating a multitude of cellular functions. TGFβ has a dual role in cell regulation where it induces growth inhibition and cell death; however, it can switch to a growth-promoting state under cancerous conditions. TGFβ is upregulated in colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, altering the tumor microenvironment and immune system and promoting a mesenchymal state. The upregulation of TGFβ in certain cancers leads to resistance to immunotherapy, and attempts to inhibit TGFβ expression have led to reduced therapeutic resistance when combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here, we review the current TGFβ inhibitor drugs in clinical trials for pancreatic and colorectal cancer, with the goal of uncovering advances in improving clinical efficacy for TGFβ combinational treatments in patients. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of alterations in TGFβ signaling and germline variants in the context of personalizing treatment for patients who show lack of response to current therapeutics.
Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: June 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective first-line therapy for solid cancers. However, low response rate and acquired resistance over time has led to the need for additional therapeutic options. Here, we evaluated synergistic antitumor efficacy of EGFR × MET targeting bispecific antibody, amivantamab with PD-L1 immunotherapy, pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma tumor–bearing humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. We demonstrated that pembrolizumab or amivantamab alone was ineffective and that combination treatment induced a significant reduction of tumor growth in both models (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). It appeared that combination of amivantamab and pembrolizumab significantly enhanced infiltration of granzyme B–producing CD8 T cells was in the TME of HNSCC PDX (P < 0.01) and enhanced neoantigen-associated central memory CD8 T cells in circulating immune cells. Analysis of single-cell RNA transcriptomics suggested that the tumor cells dramatically upregulated EGFR and MET in response to PD-L1 immunotherapy, potentially creating a metabolic state fit for tumor persistence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and rendered pembrolizumab ineffective. We demonstrated that EGFRHIGHMETHIGH subcluster displayed an increased expression of genes implicated in production of lactate [SLC16A3 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)] compared to the EGFRLOWMETLOW cluster. Accumulation of lactate in the TME has been associated with immunosuppression by hindering the infiltration of tumor killing CD8 T and NK cells. This study proved that amivantamab reduced glycolytic markers in the EGFRHIGHMETHIGH subcluster including SLC16A3 and LDHA and highlighted remodeling of the TME by combination treatment, providing rationale for additional therapy of amivantamab with PD-1 immunotherapy.

Significance:

Amivantamab in synergy with pembrolizumab effectively eradicated EGFRHIGHMETHIGH tumor subcluster in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and overcame resistance against anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Problemáticas comunes de los alumnos y docentes mexicanos y colombianos: presente y futuro de sus sistemas escolares superiores
Authors: Jiménez Velázquez Oscar
Published: June 2024

En la presente reflexión se efectúa un análisis actual (periodo 2011-2021) de las problemáticas educativas comunes entre México y Colombia, con un enfoque hacia la Educación Media Superior (EMS) y la Educación Superior (ES). Ambos países pertenecen a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), por lo cual han intentado implementar las propuestas de este organismo para modernizar sus sistemas escolares. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se trata de identificar aquellos problemas educativos pendientes que comprometen tanto el presente como el futuro de estas naciones latinoamericanas. A partir de una investigación de documentos y estudios acreditados, se reconoció que una de las problemáticas compartidas es la referente a las zonas rurales de México y Colombia (60 % y 80 %, respectivamente), las cuales presentan las mayores condiciones de pobreza y marginación, las escuelas peor equipadas, los docentes menos capacitados, así como los obstáculos socioeconómicos más notables. Ello se debe, en gran parte, a que las políticas educativas públicas se han centralizado en las principales ciudades, sobre todo en los sectores de clases media y alta. Con respecto a las diferencias entre ambas naciones, radican en dos aspectos particulares: 1) la promoción de sistemas institucionalizados de calidad educativa, donde destacan los exámenes a nivel superior en Colombia, que no ha podido consolidarse en México debido a diversas causas políticas y económicas; y 2) el notable crecimiento de la educación privada en EMS y ES en México, el cual ha permitido que muchos estudiantes puedan continuar su trayectoria académica, pero no con la calidad educativa necesaria, además de que ha llevado a una disminución notable en la inversión estatal en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas.
First record of the genus Tetradonia Wasmann, 1894 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in Colombia, with description of two new species
Authors: GUALDRÓN-DÍAZ JULIETTE C. , CHANI-POSSE MARIANA R.
Published: June 2024

This paper describes and illustrates two new species of the genus Tetradonia Wasmann, 1894 (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), discovered in the Eastern Andes of Colombia: T. vonbeerensis Gualdrón-Diaz & Chani-Posse sp. n. and T. ramirezi Gualdrón-Diaz & Chani-Posse sp. n. This report marks the first documented presence of the genus in Colombia. Furthermore, our findings contribute to an increased understanding of Neotropical Tetradonia species, bringing the total known species count to forty-one.
Theology in Melody: An Indigenous Theological Method of the Nepali Church
Authors: Bhandari Pabitra Mani
Published: June 2024

Even after seven decades of Christianity in Nepal, an Indigenous Nepali theology has yet to emerge. Although Christianity is rapidly growing, it is unclear how the Nepali church is meeting its theological needs. Nepali Christians have long composed Christian hymns. This article argues that Nepali Christian leaders were unintentionally using songwriting to fulfill their duty of doing theology. This article focuses primarily on two tasks related to this topic. First, it argues that singing songs is a form of expression used by the Nepali people that the church may view as a theological method. Songs are the primary Indigenous tools available to people for developing social consciousness, speaking out against oppressive systems and discrimination, and creating a space to combat societal divisions. As a result, it is argued that songs could be used as a theological tool by the Nepali church. Second, this study looks at specific Christian songs to see how they are used in Nepali churches and what theological content they contain. It will show how Nepali Christians use music to express their love for their country and its people, as well as their desire to use the gospel to change society. This article also asserts that for Nepali Christians, Christian songs have served as a means of expressing, teaching, and learning about their faith, and thus have become their theology in melody. The argument is that the Nepali hymnal is unquestionably a theology book for Nepali Christians because it is available for every life event, including marriage, baptism, birth, and death, and directs their action in their context.
Inclusive Education in Rural Settings: Leveraging Technology for Improved Math Learning Outcomes Among Students With Disabilities
Authors: Lin TzuHsing , Riccomini Paul
Published: June 2024

A primary challenge encountered by students with disabilities in mathematics relates to their inherent limitations in working memory capacities. Memory-strengthening strategies are helpful to students who need to improve mathematics retention. This article discusses enhancing mathematics learning outcomes for students with disabilities in rural settings by implementing an evidence-based and accessible practice—interleaved practice format (IPF)—facilitated through technology. We illustrate the application of this approach using three computer software tools: IXL Learning, KUTA, and ChatGPT.
How to improve data quality to empower business decision-making process and business strategy agility in the AI age
Authors: Sayyadi Mostafa
Published: June 2024

Machine learning (ML) and predictive analytics (PA) can provide invaluable assistance for forecasting trends and informing decision-making using data. Considering the business strategy agility as a quick response to market dynamics, this article presents solutions to enhance data quality and management, model interpretation ability, and availability using Explainable AI, with cloud computing and distributed systems that can address scaling problems. When companies utilize these technologies wisely, they can gain an edge, achieve sustainable growth, and make informed decisions. We show how ML and PA can enhance decision-making and business strategy. We also remind that there are antecedents to data quality management: Data culture and Leadership, preparing the company to benefit from the information business strategy agility.
How Does the Introduction of Shared Ride-Sourcing Services Affect Demand for Existing Modes for Non-Commuting Trips? Evidence from a Joint RP-SP Study in Metro Vancouver
Authors: Loa Patrick , Ong Felita , Nurul Habib Khandker
Published: June 2024

The introduction and subsequent growth of ride-sourcing services have been found to affect the use of existing modes of travel. Although prior studies have explored the impacts of these services as a whole, relatively little work has been done to explore the relationship between shared ride-sourcing and existing modes of travel. Given the potential for shared ride-sourcing to help mitigate the negative externalities associated with ride-sourcing, understanding the factors influencing the use of these services and their relationship with existing modes can inform efforts to help ensure that this potential is realized. This study uses data from a web-based survey of Metro Vancouver residents to estimate a joint revealed preference–stated preference (RP–SP) model of mode choices for non-commuting trips. The model is then applied to explore the potential impacts of shared ride-sourcing on the demand for existing modes. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use a joint RP–SP model to explore the potential impacts of shared ride-sourcing on the demand for existing modes. The results suggest these services can affect the demand for exclusive ride-sourcing and attract demand from more sustainable modes such as public transit and active modes. This information can be used to help inform policies that help ensure that the benefits of shared ride-sourcing are realized. Shared ride-sourcing use can be encouraged by increasing the difference between the cost of exclusive and shared services; however, limiting the impacts of these services on the demand for more sustainable modes is also important.
A review of the prospects, efficacy and sustainability of nanotechnology-based approaches for oil spill remediation
Authors: Prajapat Ramchandra , Yadav Himanshu , Shaik Aabid Hussain , Kiran Bandaru , Kanchi Rohit Sunil , Shaik Saboor , Said Zafar , Chandan Mohammed Rehaan , Chakraborty Samarshi
Published: June 2024

Numerous marine oil spill incidents and their environmental catastrophe have raised the concern of the research community and environmental agencies on the topic of the offshore crude oil spill. The oil transport through oil tankers and pipelines has further aggravated the risk of the oil spill. This has led to the necessity to develop an effective, environment-friendly, versatile oil spill clean-up strategy. The current review article analyses various nanotechnology-based methods for marine oil spill clean-up, focusing on their recovery rate, reusability and cost. The authors weighed the three primary factors recovery, reusability and cost distinctively for the analysis based on their significance in various contexts. The findings and analysis suggest that magnetic nanomaterials and nano-sorbent have been the most effective nanotechnology-based marine oil spill remediation techniques, with the magnetic paper based on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires standing out with a recovery rate of over 99%. The chitosan-silica hybrid nano-sorbent and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are also promising options with high recovery rates of up to 95–98% and the ability to be reused multiple times. Although the photocatalytic biodegradation approach and the nano-dispersion method do not offer benefits for recovery or reusability, they can nevertheless help lessen the negative ecological effects of marine oil spills. Therefore, careful evaluation and selection of the most appropriate method for each marine oil spill situation is crucial. The current review article provides valuable insights into the current state of nanotechnology-based marine oil spill clean-up methods and their potential applications.
Mapping of uncontrolled dumpsites in arid regions through remote sensing and image processing
Authors: Al-Harbi Mohamed , Tawabini Bassam , Al-Farhan Mohammed , Soupios Pantelis , Farooqui Mohammed , Basaleh Abdullah
Published: June 2024

Due to increased urbanization, the development of new areas, construction of new houses and buildings and uncontrolled dumpsites (UDSs) are becoming a challenge facing local authorities in Saudi Arabia. UDSs pose health risks to the public, potentially deteriorating the environment around them and reducing the value of ongoing development areas. The local municipalities rely on field surveys and citizen reports. This can be inefficient because UDSs are often discovered too late, and remediating them can be costly. This study aimed to assess the conditions of UDSs in two cities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, Dammam and Hafer Al-Batin, using satellite image classification assessment techniques. The assessment included mapping the UDS locations and studying the spectral reflectance of the materials found in these dumpsites. The study provided a mapping of 62 UDS locations totalling around 13.01 km2 in the broader study area. UDS detections using remote sensing were followed by ground truthing and in situ measurements using a spectroradiometer. In addition, the spectral reflectance of 21 commonly deposited UDS materials was studied, and a spectral library was created for these materials for future use by local authorities.
Adaptation and Development of Parent Rating Scale for Giftedness
Authors: Aydin-Karaca Seyda , Köksal Mustafa Serdar , Bi Bilkay
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to develop a parent rating scale (PRSG) for screening children for further identification process in terms of giftedness. The participants of the study were 255 parents of gifted and non-gifted students. The PRSG, consisting of 30 items, was created by consulting parents and reviewing instruments existent in the literature. As part of the validity testing, the content, construct, and criterion-related validities were examined. Expert opinion was sought for content validity. Construct validity was achieved as the findings of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model in the 27-item instrument. The parents rated their own children after the researchers showed them how to rate their children. One hundred and sixty parents had a gifted child. Finally, the scores given by the parents of gifted children and those of the non-gifted were compared, which yielded a statistically significant difference between the mean scores in favor of the scores given by the parents of the gifted. The Cronbach alpha value was found to be .95 for the whole instrument.
Budgeting System and Economic Development Outcomes
Authors: Azhar Annus , Abutabenjeh Sawsan , Nukpezah Julius
Published: June 2024

Although public budgeting is considered one of governments’ most crucial policy statements for economic development outcomes, scholarly works that explain the linkages between the two are scant. Drawing on the budgeting system for theoretical context, this article examines the perception of local administrators on the effects of three budgeting practices—planning, budgeting, and evaluation —on economic development outcomes. It utilizes survey data from the ICMA’s 2014 Economic Development Survey and U.S. Census Bureau and logistic regressions to examine the determinants of four economic development outcomes—tax base, job creation, quality of life, and environmental sustainability. The results show that planning impacts sustainability, budgeting influences tax base, environmental sustainability, and job creation. Lastly, evaluation has consequences for the quality of life, tax base, and job creation. The study emphasizes how differing perceptions of budgetary practices shape economic development outcomes, highlighting the necessity of a system approach. It identifies critical leverage points within the budgeting system, where targeted actions can significantly influence multiple economic development outcomes. The study contributes to the Government Finance Officers Association’s (GFOA) Best Practices for economic development.
Measurement Invariance of the Occupational Engagement Scale – Student and Career Adapt-Abilities Scale Across U.S. Veterans’ Employment Status
Authors: Ghosh Arpita , Joo Sean , Aydin Aydanur
Published: June 2024

Veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces experience employment-related challenges when they separate from the military and reintegrate into civilian life. Challenges related to finding and maintaining employment may impact their post-military career choices and decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of the Occupational Engagement Scale-Student (OES-S) and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) across veterans’ employment status. A sample of 140 employed, 55 unemployed, and 331 retired U.S. military veterans were recruited via Qualtrics Research Services. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was used to determine whether the OES-S and CAAS were invariant for employed, unemployed, and retired veterans. Findings suggested full invariance for the OES-S and CAAS. Importantly, there were latent mean differences for both measures, with employed veterans scoring higher, on average, on occupational engagement and career adaptability. Implications for research and practice in career assessment and counseling are discussed.
Advanced image stitching method and evaluation for underwater structure inspection utilizing planar array cameras
Authors: Hou Shitong , Wang Yuxuan , Wu Gang , Wu Tao , Wang Shunyao , Jiang Hejun , Fan Xiao , Zhang Yujie
Published: June 2024

The inspection of underwater structural health is crucial for comprehensive bridge health assessments. In underwater structure imaging, traditional methods include single-camera and binocular camera inspection. However, due to water turbidity and long working distances with a small field-of-view, obtaining clear and high-quality detection images with these methods takes much work. To address this problem, this paper presents a method for planar array image stitching based on Harris corner point extraction, utilizing the advantages of planar array cameras characterized by short working distances and wide field-of-view. The core contribution of this paper is the introduction of an innovative image sequence stitching algorithm utilizing Harris corner point extraction and the combination of the first proposed planar array cameras with the image sequence stitching algorithm, which solves the problem of long distance and small field-of-view during the underwater inspection. The image stitching method involves calibrating camera parameters with a checkerboard and stitching underwater images from planar array cameras to reveal underwater structural features. Furthermore, five quantitative evaluation metrics and the method for calculating the field-of-view loss rate are presented to evaluate and analyze the stitched images. A series of experiments were performed on concrete surfaces, aquatic and underwater, with a total field-of-view of the underwater image after stitching of 358.86 mm × 319.24 mm at a working distance of 160 mm. Five evaluation methods were used to quantitatively evaluate the quality of the stitched images and calculate the field-of-view loss rate of the images. The results indicate that the proposed method improves the ability to inspect underwater. The stitched images achieve notable metrics: an entropy of approximately 6.7, an average gradient of about 1.7, a spatial frequency of around 3.5, an edge strength of about 17, mutual information of approximately 1.2, and a field-of-view loss rate of <0.1, facilitating more effective underwater structure inspection.
Visually encoding orthogonal planar graph drawings as graph mazes: An eye tracking study
Authors: Burch Michael , Lemmenmeier Marco , Ospelt Robert , Bajraktarevic Zilka
Published: June 2024

There are various styles to visually represent relational data in the form of node-link diagrams. In particular, for planar graphs we can find orthogonal node-link diagrams consisting of links bending only at ninety degrees a successful and prominent variant. One of the benefits of such drawings is the tracking of longer paths through a network with the eyes due to their limited number of link orientations, changes, and variations, but on the negative side the links can have arbitrary bending shapes. In this article we developed a novel way to visualize such orthogonal planar drawings by making use of mazes that look more natural to the human eye due to the street-like visual metaphor that many people are familiar with. Tracking paths is one of the major tasks in such graph visualizations, similar to orthogonal node-link diagrams, however, we argue that mazes are a more natural way to find paths. To get insights in the visual scanning behavior when reading graph mazes we conducted a comparative eye tracking study with 26 male versus female participants of different experience levels while also alternating between orthogonal node-link drawings and graph mazes as well as different graph size levels. The major result of this comparative study is that the participants can track paths in both representation styles, including a geodesic path tendency in their visual search behavior, but typically have a longer fixation duration at branching nodes and locations in the mazes that lead to opposite directions to the geodesic path tendency, maybe the viewers had to start a reorientation phase in their visual scanning behavior. We also found out that the size, that is the number of graph vertices has an impact on the visual scanning behavior for both orthogonal node-link diagrams as well as street-like maze representations, but for the mazes we found this impact to be less strong (in terms of the eye movement data metrics fixation durations and saccade lengths) compared to the node-link diagrams. To conclude the article, we discuss limitations and scalability issues of our approach. Moreover, we give an outlook and future work for possible extensions.
Evaluating Mental Health First Aid for Illinois Agricultural Communities
Authors: Iwinski Samantha J. , Cuthbertson Courtney A. , Burcham Cheri A. , Belzer Karla L. , Rudolphi Josie M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) was created to teach individuals how to identify, understand, and respond to signs of mental illnesses and substance use disorders. Programs like this may be essential for agricultural communities where suicide rates have increased, and mental health stigma has been a barrier to this population. This study evaluated how effective MHFA and Youth MHFA were for participants from agricultural communities. Methods. Participants completed the MHFA (N = 38) and Youth MHFA (N = 66) programs in 2021–2022, and Extension educators offered both programs as a part of outreach efforts within agricultural contexts. Participants completed pre-, post-, and post-only evaluations as standardized by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing. Results. After completing the MHFA and Youth MHFA training, participants increased their knowledge, confidence, and skills in various mental health topics. This includes early indicators of mental health challenges, the ability to have supportive conversations, and how to provide resources to others. For example, most participants felt they became more knowledgeable about MHFA (69%) and the ability to recognize the signs and symptoms of mental health or substance use challenges (65%). Conclusion. This research has implications for supporting agricultural workers through additional mental health training, managing farm stress, and understanding mental health stigma within this community.
Framing Facets of Social Participation: Older Adults’ Experiences of “Social Online Meetings”
Authors: Löfgren Maria , Nyman Anneli , Isaksson Gunilla , Larsson Ellinor
Published: June 2024

Changing demographics with an increased proportion of older adults indicate the need to develop new health-promoting interventions where the potential of digitization is considered. The aim was to explore and create an understanding of how social online meetings are experienced by older adults. Interviews with older adults generated data that were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The participants were interviewed after participating in a digital health promotion group initiative provided in a municipality context. A core conceptual category and three subcategories reflected an intertwined process of discovering facets of social participation where internal reflections on personal values and needs were nurtured by an external driven process of becoming part of a group in an online context. Occupational therapists and other health and social care professionals need to consider the various facets of social participation when supporting older adults active and healthy aging.
Mirror artefact as a diagnostic tool in identifying occult liver lesions on ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yi (Elaine) , Najafzadeh Abriz Afrooz
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Mirror artefacts often can be seen in abdominal ultrasound. Their efficacy in detecting sonographically occult lesions has been overlooked.

Case report:

We present two cases of abdominal ultrasound examination, where the mirror image artefact was utilised in the diagnosis of sonographically occult lesions in segment VII of the liver.

Discussion:

The physical principle behind the mirror image artefacts in these cases has been explored and explained. Suggestion on utilising this artefact is recommended.

Conclusion:

These cases demonstrate the key role that mirror artefacts played in detecting occult liver lesions. Sonographers are advised to extend their survey of the right liver and pay close attention to displayed mirror images above the diaphragm especially from potential sonographically occult lesions in segment VII of the liver.
Bystander Intervention Programs Focusing on Sexual Violence in Academia—A Scoping Review
Authors: Pfaff Johanna , Jönsson Sandra , Muhonen Tuija
Published: June 2024

Sexual violence within academia is a major concern, and increased attention is being given to bystander interventions to combat these behaviors. This scoping review aimed to investigate bystander intervention programs focused on the prevention of sexual violence in universities worldwide. Literature searches were conducted using ERC, ERIC, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria were: university-based assessments of a bystander intervention program, and pretest–posttest designs. In total, 1,644 articles were identified, of which 68 were included in the final analysis. Most of the programs focused on students as the target population, and the bystander interventions covered different aspects such as creating new community norms for intervening, increasing a sense of responsibility for intervening, increasing the participants’ feelings of competence, and providing role models for positive bystander behavior. There was a clear trend to use a combination of interactive and educational didactic methods. The programs were mostly delivered in person on campuses. Their outcomes included changes in norms, knowledge, and behaviors. In more one-third of the selected articles, the programs and initiatives were assessed using a pretest–posttest design only, almost just as many had additional follow-up conducted within 3 months. Most intervention programs achieved their intended impacts relating to bystanders and sexual violence, at least in the short term. Thus, investments in these types of preventative initiatives by organizations other than academic institutions could be beneficial.
Perception of Decent Work and Employee Commitment: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Inegbedion Henry
Published: June 2024

The study investigated “perception of decent work (DW) and Employee Commitment: the mediating role of Job Satisfaction; to determine the extent to which employees” perception of DW influences their commitment to work. Specifically, the study sought to find out how job satisfaction mediates the relationship between the perception of DW and employee commitment. A cross-sectional survey research design of employees of tertiary institutions (Universities), as well as corporate organizations (multinational companies), in Nigeria was employed. A structured questionnaire elicited the required data from the randomly sampled respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis served to validate the instrument while Cronbach’s alpha served as the reliability test. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that social marginalization and work volition are significant predictors of DW, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between DW and employee commitment with partial mediation on the informalization of organizations and full mediation on the rest variables. Work volition and career adaptation have positive influences on employee commitment while informalization of organization and social marginalization have negative influences.
Mind or Medal: Elite Athletes’ Mental Health Management in Sports Events
Authors: Tsai Chin-Hsun Ken , Steinmeyer Sophia A.
Published: June 2024

There is a conversation in American athletics over the mental health experiences of athletes. Elite athletes encounter consequences ranging from mental well-being to mental illness. Some experts are concerned health of Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games athletes. The proliferation of research on elite athletes’ mental health culminated in the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) Expert Consensus Statement. Given the importance of athletes’ mental health, this case study reviews the literature and the relevance of athletic identity to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of poor mental health and fills the gap in theory/research and practice in elite sport.
Clot migration in patients treated with tenecteplase versus alteplase before mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: García-Alcántara Gabriel , Moreno-López Cristina , López-Rebolledo Rodrigo , Lorenzo-Barreto Pablo , Garay-Albízuri Patricia , Martínez-García Beatriz , Llanes Ana , Pérez-Gil Daniel , Chico Juan Luis , Vera-Lechuga Rocío , García-Madrona Sebastián , Matute-Lozano Consuelo , De Felipe-Mimbrera Alicia , Masjuan Jaime , Cruz-Culebras Antonio
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to describe and analyze the rate of clot migration of vessel thrombosis to distal segments in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tenecteplase (TNK) and alteplase (ALT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT). In addition, we aimed to determine the relationship between thrombus migration and functional prognosis.

Methods:

This study followed the STROBE reporting guidelines. We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of patients from November 2017 to April 2023 with an AIS with thrombosis on CT imaging, treated with IVT (TNK or ALT, split into two distinct groups) prior to mechanical thrombectomy.

Results:

Two hundred and fifty-six patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) were included. Ninety-six had received TNK. One hundred and sixty had received ALT. Of the 96 TNK patients, 25 experienced either complete recanalization ( n = 3) or thrombus migration ( n = 22). Of the 160 ALT patients, 20 experienced either complete recanalization ( n = 6) or thrombus migration ( n = 14). The difference being statistically substantial for the thrombus migration rate (OR = 3.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.63; 7.98). Migration to an irretrievable very distal segment occurred in four (4%) patients with TNK and in three patients (2%) with ALT ( p > 0.05). Thrombus migration was not significantly associated to a different functional prognosis, measured through Rankin scale after 3 months (OR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.17; 1.12).

Conclusion:

The use of TNK over ALT as a fibrinolytic agent is associated with a higher thrombus migration rate. The migration of thrombi to distal segments, which are theoretically less accessible for mechanical thrombectomy, did not result in worse clinical outcomes.
Atrial fibrillation and short-term outcomes after cancer-related ischemic stroke
Authors: Wahbeh Farah , Zhang Cenai , Beyeler Morin , Kaiser Jed H , Liao Vanessa , Pawar Anokhi , Kamel Hooman , Navi Babak B
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer are each associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Few studies have evaluated the impact of AF on outcomes of cancer-related stroke.

Patients and methods:

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using the 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample, identifying all hospitalizations with diagnosis codes for cancer and AIS. The primary exposure was a diagnosis of AF. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were length-of-stay and discharge to non-home locations. We used multiple logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, race-ethnicity, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index, to examine the association between AF and study outcomes.

Results:

Among 150,200 hospitalizations with diagnoses of cancer and AIS (mean age 72 years, 53% male), 40,084 (26.7%) included comorbid AF. Compared to hospitalizations without AF, hospitalizations with AF had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (14.8% [95% CI, 14.0%−15.6%] vs 12.1% [95% CI, 11.6%−12.5%]) and non-home discharge disposition (83.5% [95% CI, 82.7%−84.3%] vs 75.1% [95% CI, 74.5%−75.7%]) as well as longer mean length-of-stay (8.4 days [95% CI, 8.2–8.6 days] vs 8.2 days [95% CI, 8.0–8.3 days]). In multivariable analyses, AF remained independently associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24–1.46), non-home discharge disposition (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.23–1.42), and longer length-of-stay (adjusted mean difference, 13.7%; 95% CI, 10.9%−16.7%).

Discussion and conclusion:

In cancer-related AIS, comorbid AF is associated with worse short-term outcomes, including higher odds for in-hospital mortality, poor discharge disposition, and longer hospital stays.
Addressing the Issue of Potential Workplace Violence Events for Sonographers and Vascular Technologists
Authors: Evans Kevin D. , Smith Katherine , Sommerich Carolyn M.
Published: June 2024

Workplace violence is considered the act or threat of violence, exemplified by verbal threats and or physical threats perpetrated to an employee in the workplace. As part of the ongoing survey research being conducted, workplace violence events (WVEs), specific to sonographers and vascular technologists, were explored. These threats were further categorized based on the four types of WVE proposed by the Injury Prevention Research Center in 2001. Qualitative analysis of this survey data and voluntary comments, provided by study participants, were identified as condescending behavior, and being bullied as major workplace concerns. Further qualitative assessment of the comments resulted in identifying the added risk of Customer/client (Type 2) and Worker-on-worker (Type 3) WVEs, which are considered forms of verbal abuse. This information needs to be considered by each sonographer and vascular technologist and whether it is an issue in their workplace. In addition, a comprehensive workplace violence prevention program is advocated to address workplace incivility and promote worker health, safety, and well-being. Providing annual training is not enough, as workers need to have policies and resources readily available to address WVEs when they occur. These policies and resources should specifically address WVEs perpetrated by patients and co-workers.
Donor types and outcomes of transplantation in myelofibrosis: a CIBMTR study
Authors: Jain Tania , Estrada-Merly Noel , Salas M. Queralt , Kim Soyoung , DeVos Jakob , Chen Min , Fang Xi , Kumar Rajat , Andrade-Campos Marcio , Elmariah Hany , Agrawal Vaibhav , Aljurf Mahmoud , Bacher Ulrike , Badar Talha , Badawy Sherif M. , Ballen Karen , Beitinjaneh Amer , Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Bredeson Christopher , DeFilipp Zachariah , Dholaria Bhagirathbhai , Farhadfar Nosha , Farhan Shatha , Gandhi Arpita P. , Ganguly Siddhartha , Gergis Usama , Grunwald Michael R. , Hamad Nada , Hamilton Betty K. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Iqbal Madiha , Jamy Omer , Juckett Mark , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Krem Maxwell M. , Lad Deepesh P. , Liesveld Jane , Al Malki Monzr M. , Malone Adriana K. , Murthy Hemant S. , Ortí Guillermo , Patel Sagar S. , Pawarode Attaphol , Perales Miguel-Angel , van der Poel Marjolein , Ringden Olle , Rizzieri David A. , Rovó Alicia , Savani Bipin N. , Savoie Mary Lynn , Seo Sachiko , Solh Melhem , Ustun Celalettin , Verdonck Leo F. , Wingard John R. , Wirk Baldeep , Bejanyan Nelli , Jones Richard J. , Nishihori Taiga , Oran Betul , Nakamura Ryotaro , Scott Bart , Saber Wael , Gupta Vikas
Published: June 2024

We evaluate the impact of donor types on outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in myelofibrosis, using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data for HCTs done between 2013 and 2019. In all 1597 patients, the use of haploidentical donors increased from 3% in 2013 to 19% in 2019. In study-eligible 1032 patients who received peripheral blood grafts for chronic-phase myelofibrosis, 38% of recipients of haploidentical HCT were non-White/Caucasian. Matched sibling donor (MSD)–HCTs were associated with superior overall survival (OS) in the first 3 months (haploidentical hazard ratio [HR], 5.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.52-13.35]; matched unrelated (MUD) HR, 4.50 [95% CI, 2.24-9.03]; mismatched unrelated HR, 5.13 [95% CI, 1.44-18.31]; P < .001). This difference in OS aligns with lower graft failure with MSD (haploidentical HR, 6.11 [95% CI, 2.98-12.54]; matched unrelated HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.20-4.51]; mismatched unrelated HR, 1.82 [95% CI, 0.58-5.72]). There was no significant difference in OS among haploidentical, MUD, and mismatched unrelated donor HCTs in the first 3 months. Donor type was not associated with differences in OS beyond 3 months after HCT, relapse, disease-free survival, or OS among patients who underwent HCT within 24 months of diagnosis. Patients who experienced graft failure had more advanced disease and commonly used nonmyeloablative conditioning. Although MSD-HCTs were superior, there is no significant difference in HCT outcomes from haploidentical and MUDs. These results establish haploidentical HCT with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide as a viable option in myelofibrosis, especially for ethnic minorities underrepresented in the donor registries.