bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Auditory System
Authors: Joshi Kamal Deep , Galagali Jeevan Ramachandra , Singh Sanajeet Kumar
Published: April 2017

Background and aims: Auditory dysfunctions in diabetes are known but are difficult to identify. Role of clinical tests and routine audiological tools are still to be established in early detection of diabetes-related auditory complication. The study aims to establish a link between diabetes and auditory dysfunction and assess the role of clinical examination and audiological investigations as a sensitive indicator of auditory dysfunctions in diabetics.

Material and Methods: The auditory functions of 100 diabetic patients and 100 non-diabetics were assessed by clinical otological examination including free-field hearing and pure tone audiometry (PTA) in this descriptive study. The data for diabetic and non-diabetic groups and effect of age on auditory functions were analyzed with suitable statistical tests using SPSS 2.0 software with an error margin of 10%.

Results: The demographical variables were comparable in both groups. The results showed a decline in free field hearing, which are furthur adversely affected by duration of diabetes and patient’s age. Overall pure tone thresholds were not significantly higher in diabetics, however the thresholds were higher in diabetics in older age groups. The hearing loss appears at an early age in diabetics but gradually becomes indistinguishable from age-related hearing loss.

Conclusions: The auditory dysfunction can be linked to diabetes. It is usually not detectable at earliest stages with routine clinical and audiological tests but the clinical tests and pure tone audiometry can have a utility in monitoring the auditory dysfunction.
What Can We Make of Unsubstantiated Child Abuse Reports? A New Approach
Authors: Malcolm Michael
Published: April 2017

Only about a quarter of child abuse reports are ultimately substantiated, which has caused some concern among policymakers and the general public. But previous literature suggests that unsubstantiated and substantiated reports may not be much different from each other in terms of child outcomes. We present a Bayesian theoretical analysis of the data-generating process underlying maltreatment substantiation, and then take a new empirical approach by examining the statistical time-series relationship between substantiated and unsubstantiated reports. We show that the two series are cointegrated. This suggests that unsubstantiated reports are not mostly malicious or unfounded, but that they emanate from the same signals as verifiable, substantiated abuse.
Real Time Monitoring and Automatic Regulation System for Metalworking Fluids
Authors: Gerulová Kristína , Neštický Martin , Buranská Eva , Ružarovský Roman
Published: April 2017

A real-time monitoring and regulation system for metalworking fluids is being constructed to be installed in the Centre of excellence of 5-axis machining at the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava. The article is focused on the description of the main components of the monitoring system and preliminary characterization of the software utilized in the regulation. The monitoring system will contain four probes to record real time values of pH, conductivity, temperature and concentration. After processing of recorded data by the LabVIEW software, an adjustment of the Metalworking fluid in the reservoir tank will be realized by the regulation part of the proposed system to optimum properties of the fluid, by adding water or concentrate. The designed device will provide an easy system which will control the quality of used metalworking fluid during its lifetime and maintain it on its optimum condition without human operator’s assistance.
Visualisation in Assembly
Authors: Václav Štefan , Jurko Jozef
Published: April 2017

The article is aimed at visualisation types in assembly. Broad usage of artificial visualisation in assembly is held down mainly for economic reasons. One of the possible solutions is usage of the presented light visualisation method. This simple method of light visualisation is convenient when vibration orientation is not working properly and artificial visualisation is economically ineffective. Described principle of orientation is a technical solution of the author.
Part as an Object of Assembly
Authors: Václav Štefan , Jurko Jozef , Lecký Šimon
Published: April 2017

We deal with static prearranged couples in practice quite often. Constructers are using them a lot to improve rigidity of product. Some examples are mentioned in this article. The paper also discusses the models of kinematic couples in plane and models of kinematic couples in space. Spatial movable and non-movable couples are commented on as well. The article particularly focuses on application of statics in the assembly in spatial couples (movable, non-movable) for intentional allowance fix which leads to a non-problem assembly. With fix like this, it is possible to manufacture selected parts in series while assuring non-problem assembly.
The Development of a Touristic Web Application On the Island of São Miguel
Authors: Muresan Lorena Daiana , Rohde Ulrich L. , Silaghi A. M.
Published: April 2017

In computing, a web application is a client-server software application in which the client runs in a web browser. This paper presents the process of developing a web application for the tourists of São Miguel.
A Control Design Technique for Grinding Systems with Feedforward Undercompensation and Feedback Control
Authors: Costea C. R. , Gergely E. , Husi G. , Coroiu Laura , Silaghi Helga , Bara A.
Published: April 2017

Feedforward and feedback control are new control algorithms used in industrial processes control and very suitable for grinding systems control. The purpose of this paper is to provide a design technique for a control system of a grinding circuit using the feedforward and feedback control. The control scheme is based on the undercompensation of the milling feed flow. The best value of the undercompensation is chosen after analyzing several scenarios. The controller design based on this value proves to provide improved productivity.
Modeling the PV Power Systems Storage Batteries Charging Characteristics
Authors: Diaconu E. M.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, a numerical method is presented for measuring and analyzing the characteristics of the charging process for nine photovoltaic panels storage batteries systems. The data was collected with the PV charger module which has a built-in data acquisition board. A source code algorithm written in Matlab is developed to obtain a mathematical model for the characteristics of the charging process of the batteries connected to the PV panels. Using the interpolation method, a mathematical model is obtained. The numerical error between experimental and theoretical results prove that the method is accurate.
Effect of Compression Garments on Controlled Force Output After Heel-Rise Exercise
Authors: Kato Emika , Nakamura Mariko , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: April 2017

Kato, E, Nakamura, M, and Takahashi, H. Effect of compression garments on controlled force output after heel-rise exercise.J Strength Cond Res32(4): 1174–1179, 2018—The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of compression garments (CG) on controlled force output after strenuous exercise. Sixteen healthy volunteers completed trials both with CG and without CG (control trial: CON) on 2 separate, random days which were at least 1 month apart. Both trials required participants to perform heel-rise exercises from maximal dorsiflexion to maximal plantar flexion 20 times with a single leg. The subjects repeated 3 sets of the exercise and took a rest for 2 minutes between sets. Before and after the heel-rise exercise, mechanical (stiffness) and architectural properties of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle were evaluated using the ultrasound method. Also, isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of plantar flexion was measured, and the subjects maintained 20% MVC of plantar flexion torque for 20 seconds as steadily as possible (steadiness task) as an index of force control. Repeated 2-way analysis of variance analysis (CG/CON × time) indicated that all the parameters declined immediately after heel-rise exercise in both CG and CON trials. Maximal voluntary contraction did not show different tendencies between CG and CON trials, but muscle stiffness and steadiness declined less in CG than CON (p< 0.05). In conclusion, CG are considered to positively benefit controlled force output after strenuous exercise.
FKBP8 recruits LC3A to mediate Parkin‐independent mitophagy
Authors: Bhujabal Zambarlal , Birgisdottir Åsa B , Sjøttem Eva , Brenne Hanne B , Øvervatn Aud , Habisov Sabrina , Kirkin Vladimir , Lamark Trond , Johansen Terje
Published: April 2017

Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged or excess mitochondria by autophagy, is an important process in cellular homeostasis. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) proteins NIX, BNIP3, FUNDC1, and Bcl2‐L13 recruit ATG8 proteins (LC3/GABARAP) to mitochondria during mitophagy. FKBP8 (also known as FKBP38), a unique member of the FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) family, is similarly anchored in the OMM and acts as a multifunctional adaptor with anti‐apoptotic activity. In a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we identified FKBP8 as an ATG8‐interacting protein. Here, we map an N‐terminal LC3‐interacting region (LIR) motif in FKBP8 that binds strongly to LC3A both in vitro and in vivo. FKBP8 efficiently recruits lipidated LC3A to damaged mitochondria in a LIR‐dependent manner. The mitophagy receptors BNIP3 and NIX in contrast are unable to mediate an efficient recruitment of LC3A even after mitochondrial damage. Co‐expression of FKBP8 with LC3A profoundly induces Parkin‐independent mitophagy. Strikingly, even when acting as a mitophagy receptor, FKBP8 avoids degradation by escaping from mitochondria. In summary, this study identifies novel roles for FKBP8 and LC3A, which act together to induce mitophagy.
Fluticasone furoate induced iatrogenic Cushing syndrome in a pediatric patient receiving anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: van den Berg S A A , van ‘t Veer N E , Emmen J M A , van Beek R H T
Published: April 2017

We present a case of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome, induced by treatment with fluticasone furoate (1–2 dd, 27.5 µg in each nostril) in a pediatric patient treated for congenital HIV. The pediatric patient described in this case report is a young girl of African descent, treated for congenital HIV with a combination therapy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (1 dd 320/80 mg), Lamivudine (1 dd 160 mg) and Abacavir (1 dd 320 mg). Our pediatric patient presented with typical Cushingoid features (i.e. striae of the upper legs, full moon face, increased body and facial hair) within weeks after starting fluticasone furoate therapy, which was exacerbated after increasing the dose to 2 dd because of complaints of unresolved rhinitis. Biochemical analysis fitted iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome, with a repeatedly low cortisol (<0.03 µM, ref 0.14–0.60 µM) and low ACTH (9 pg/mL, ref 9–52 pg/mL) without signs of adrenal insufficiency. No other biochemical abnormalities that could point to adrenal or pituitary dysfunction were detected; electrolytes, thyroid and gonadal function, and IGF-1 were within the normal range. Pharmacogenetic analysis revealed that the pediatric patient carried the CYP3A4 *1B/*1G and CYP3A5 *3/*3 genotype (associated with a partial and complete loss of enzyme activity, respectively) which is associated with the development of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome in patients treated for HIV due to the strong inhibition of CYP3 enzymes by Ritonavir. Upon discontinuation of fluticasone treatment, the pediatric patient improved both clinically and biochemically with normalisation of cortisol and ACTH within a couple of weeks.

Learning points:

Fluticasone therapy may induce iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome in a patient treated with anti-retroviral therapy.

Pharmacogenetic analysis, in particular CYP3A genotyping, provides useful information in patients treated for HIV with respect to possible future steroid treatment.

Fluticasone furoate is not detected in the Siemens Immulite cortisol binding assay.
Hypersecretion of ACTH and PRL from pituitary adenoma in MEN1, adequately managed by medical therapy
Authors: Uraki Shinsuke , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Doi Asako , Furuta Hiroto , Nishi Masahiro , Usui Takeshi , Yamaue Hiroki , Akamizu Takashi
Published: April 2017

A 54-year-old man had gastrinoma, parathyroid hyperplasia and pituitary tumor. His family history indicated that he might have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). MEN1 gene analysis revealed a heterozygous germline mutation (Gly156Arg). Therefore, we diagnosed him with MEN1. Endocrinological tests revealed that his serum prolactin (PRL) and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were elevated to 1699 ng/mL and 125 pg/mL respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected pancreatic tumors revealed that the tumors did not express ACTH. Overnight 0.5 and 8 mg dexamethasone suppression tests indicated that his pituitary tumor was a PRL-ACTH-producing plurihormonal tumor. Before transsphenoidal surgery, cabergoline was initiated. Despite no decrease in the volume of the pituitary tumor, PRL and ACTH levels decreased to 37.8 ng/mL and 57.6 pg/mL respectively. Owing to the emergence of metastatic gastrinoma in the liver, octreotide was initiated. After that, PRL and ACTH levels further decreased to 5.1 ng/mL and 19.7 pg/mL respectively. He died from liver dysfunction, and an autopsy of the pituitary tumor was performed. In the autopsy study, histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed that the tumor was single adenoma and the cells were positive for ACTH, growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and PRL. RT-PCR analysis showed that the tumor expressed mRNA encoding all anterior pituitary hormones, pituitary transcription factor excluding estrogen receptor (ER) β, somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2, SSTR5 and dopamine receptor D (D2R). PRL-ACTH-producing tumor is a very rare type of pituitary tumor, and treatment with cabergoline and octreotide may be useful for controlling hormone levels secreted from a plurihormonal pituitary adenoma, as seen in this case of MEN1.

Learning points:

Although plurihormonal pituitary adenomas were reported to be more frequent in patients with MEN1 than in those without, the combination of PRL and ACTH is rare.

RT-PCR analysis showed that the pituitary tumor expressed various pituitary transcription factors and IHC analysis revealed that the tumor was positive for PRL, ACTH, GH and LH.

Generally, the effectiveness of dopamine agonist and somatostatin analog in corticotroph adenomas is low; however, if the plurihormonal pituitary adenoma producing ACTH expresses SSTR2, SSTR5 and D2R, medical therapy for the pituitary adenoma may be effective.
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN PREGNANCY: Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy: case series and review of literature
Authors: van der Weerd K , van Noord C , Loeve M , Knapen M F C M , Visser W , de Herder W W , Franssen G , van der Marel C D , Feelders R A
Published: April 2017

Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy is extremely rare. Early recognition is crucial as antepartum diagnosis can largely decrease maternal and fetal mortality rates. As symptoms of pheochromocytoma are rather similar to those of other far more common causes of hypertension during pregnancy, timely diagnosis is a challenge. In pregnant patients, similar to non-pregnant patients, increased plasma and/or 24-h urine (nor)metanephrine concentrations most reliably confirm the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. MRI and ultrasound are the only imaging modalities that can be used safely during pregnancy to localize the tumor. During pregnancy, pretreatment consists of alpha blockade as usual. However, dosing of α-adrenergic receptor blockers during pregnancy is a challenge as hypertension must be treated while preserving adequate uteroplacental circulation. When the diagnosis is made within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy, it is generally recommended to remove the tumor in the second trimester, while resection is generally postponed till after delivery when the diagnosis is made in the third trimester and medical pretreatment is sufficient. Both during and after pregnancy, laparoscopic surgery is the preferred approach for resection of the tumor. There is no consensus in literature about the preferred route and timing of delivery. Therefore, in our opinion, decisions should be made on an individual basis by an experienced and dedicated multidisciplinary team. Over the last decades, maternal and fetal prognosis has improved considerably. Further increasing awareness of this rare diagnosis and treatment of these patients by a dedicated team in a tertiary referral hospital are critical factors for optimal maternal and fetal outcome.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Arguments for the prolonged use of antithyroid drugs in children with Graves’ disease
Authors: Léger Juliane , Carel Jean-Claude
Published: April 2017

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder. It is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, but is rare in children. Patients are initially managed with antithyroid drugs (ATDs), such as methimazole/carbimazole. A major disadvantage of treatment with ATD is the high risk of relapse, exceeding 70% of children treated for duration of 2 years, and the potential major side effects of the drug reported in exceptional cases. The major advantage of ATD treatment is that normal homeostasis of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis may be restored, with periods of drug treatment followed by freedom from medical intervention achieved in approximately 40–50% of cases after prolonged treatment with ATD, for several years, in recent studies. Alternative ablative treatments such as radioactive iodine and, less frequently and mostly in cases of very high volume goiters or in children under the age of 5 years, thyroidectomy, performed by pediatric surgeons with extensive experience should be proposed in cases of non-compliance, intolerance to medical treatment or relapse after prolonged medical treatment. Ablative treatments are effective against hyperthyroidism, but they require the subsequent administration of levothyroxine throughout the patient’s life. This review considers data relating to the prognosis for Graves’ disease remission in children and explores the limitations of study designs and results; and the emerging proposal for management through the prolonged use of ATD drugs.
PARATEXTS IN TRANSLATIONS OF CANONICAL TEXTS (THE CASE OF THE BIBLE IN LATVIAN)
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs
Published: April 2017

The paper discusses paratexts, their use and prevalence in translations of the Bible in Latvian, with a particular focus on the last translation that was published in 2012. Paratexts are used to improve the perception of the main text and may include introductions, prefaces, postfaces, footnotes, side notes (marginalia), endnotes, glossaries, indexes and appendixes. Though the translation of the Bible, being a canonical text, is subject to various limitations, there is an increasing tendency to use more footnotes to explain various phenomena: information about the original texts, different variants of the Bible manuscripts, the existence or nonexistence of some verses; cultural words and facts – explanations about units of measurement, old objects, concepts, geographical and historical information; linguistic information: explanations of polysemy, decoding of words, etymologies of place names, semantics, wordplay; and alternative translations offered by the translator. The author suggests a glossary that could inform the reader of the Biblical characters, place names and the new transcription of many proper names. Footnotes could then dwell on linguistic issues.
VERTIMO KONFERENCIJŲ METAI
Authors: Mankauskienė Dalia
Published: April 2017

...
A showy new Platystele (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from northwest Ecuador
Authors: Jost Lou , Iturralde Gabriel
Published: April 2017

Resumen. Se describe una nueva especie de Platystele (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) de los bosques piemontanos de la provincia de Carchi en el noroccidente de Ecuador. Esta especie presenta flores relativamente grandes en relación a la mayoría de las especies del género, cuyas caudas de los sépalos son largas y delgadas. Es similar a Platystele caudatisepala pero se distingue de esa especie por sus sépalos laterales parcialmente connados, el labio convexo con la punta y márgenes reflexos, los pétalos deflexos, a veces tocando sus puntas hacia atrás de la flor, los sépalos con márgenes recurvados y las hojas largamente pecioladas. Abstract. A new species of Platystele (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) is described from foothill forest in the province of Carchi in northwestern Ecuador. The species has relatively large flowers for the genus, with long slender sepaline tails. It resembles Platystele caudatisepala, but is distinguished from that species by the partially connate lateral sepals, the convex lip with reflexed tip and margins, the deflexed petals, sometimes with their tips touching behind the flower, the sepals with recurved margins, and the leaves long-petiolate.
LA ATENCIÓN FAMILIAR SEGÚN EL DISEÑO MUSEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Keilyn
Published: April 2017

El artículo expone un estudio sobre los tipos atención de las familias que visitan la Sala de la Tierra del Museo de los Niños en Costa Rica según los diferentes diseños de objetos museográficos. Mediante un estudio observacional no participante, se concluyó que pese a las diferencias individuales en la atención a los objetos, las familias estudiadas interactúan con objetos cuyo diseño les permita estar juntos, les ofrezca novedad en la secuencia de uso, y les brinde posibilidades multisensoriales de participación.
EL PUEBLO HUETAR Y LOS INDÍGENAS SIN PUEBLO: DIFERENCIAS Y SIMILITUDES EN CUANTO A RESIDENCIA Y OCUPACIÓN EN EL CENSO DEL 2011 1 DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Amaris Cervantes Orlando
Published: April 2017

El artículo analiza la autoidentificación, la residencia y la ocupación del pueblo huetar a partir de la información del Censo del 2011 de Costa Rica contrastando esta información con la de los “indígenas sin pueblo” y las personas autoidentificadas como “blanco o mestizo” en el Censo del 2011. Los hallazgos de esta investigación indican que, tanto por su ubicación como por sus ocupaciones, las personasautoidentificadas como huetares y como “indígenas sin pueblo” comparten características similares. Lo anterior sugiere que los individuos autoidentificados como “indígenas sin pueblo”, nacidos en cantones de tradición huetar, son huetares aunque no se identifiquen como tales. Podría ser, en consecuencia, que el pueblo huetar sea entonces más numeroso de lo que expresa y permite una identificación a partir de una categoría nominal. Oportunamente, este estudio aborda también las diferencias ocupacionales que existen, en conjunto, entre las personas autoidentificadas como huetares e “indígenas sin pueblo” frente a la población “blanca o mestiza”. En este sentido, se concluye que son estos últimos quienes realizan en mayor proporción las ocupaciones mejor remuneradas mientras que los huetares, por su parte,presentan también diferencias con respecto al resto de indígenas. Estas diferencias están relacionadas básicamente con la proximidad del Territorio Indígena huetar de Quitirrisí a los centros urbanos del Gran área Metropolitana (GAM) así como los lugares donde más recientemente residen los miembros de este pueblo.
ESTAR CERCA DE EUROPA. DEPORTE, CLASE SOCIAL Y PRESTIGIO EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Bautista Branz Juan
Published: April 2017

El siguiente artículo propone pensar la clase social vinculada al deporte como espacio de sociabilidad y de distinción en Argentina. Mediante la idea de que las clases sociales se constituyen y se piensan, analíticamente, en movimiento. Además, se indaga cómo sujetos que practican rugby, en La Plata, otorgan sentido a su posición social, económica, política y cultural en relación directa al deporte recreado colectivamente por sectores dominantes en la ciudad. El rugby, en Argentina, es un deporte históricamente concebido y practicado por grupos minoritarios, no es una actividad de participación masiva. Se analizará cómo las influencias sociales y culturales que, desde Francia e Inglaterra, modelaron –y modelan- una forma particular de percibir el mundo entre hombres que juegan rugby en Argentina,excede al campo deportivo. El desafío de este trabajo es comprender la dinámica de estos espacios, desde la dimensión cultural de la clase social, en tanto experiencia que organiza las prácticas, ampliando la restringida definición económica.
DE MÁQUINA A PROYECTO: EL CUERPO EN EL NUEVO ESPÍRITU DEL CAPITALISMO
Authors: Sibrian Nairbis
Published: April 2017

Si Foucault advirtió un cuerpo producido por el disciplinamiento de instituciones, es decir, vislumbró un cuerpo como máquina; Conrad, entre otros, ve cómo éste deviene en un proyecto en el mercado de la salud. Este desplazamiento cobra sentido bajo la perspectiva del nuevo espíritu del capitalismo que acusan Boltanski y Chiapello en su obra, donde la corporalidad en lugar de permanecer en circuitos cerrados experimenta la apertura y conexión en un mundo global, esto es, de máquina para el trabajo el cuerpo se transforma en una proyección de deseos, en una red. Sin embargo, esta modalidad no supone la desaparición por completo de la máquina corporal sino más bien su refinamiento. Con el propósito de indagar acerca de este transitar se realiza un recorrido sobre el lugar del cuerpo en el campo médico a partir de las críticas que su dominio ha generado en diferentes enfoques y su relación con los cambiosorganizacionales y económicos de la sociedad.
Thin film micro arrays with immobilized DNA for hybridization analysis
Authors: Fixe F. , Faber A. , Gonçalves D. , Prazeres D.M.F. , Cabeça R. , Chu V. , Ferreira G. , Conde J.P.
Published: April 2017

In this work, a procedure to immobilize DNA probes on a microarray patterned on a flexible plastic substrate is developed. The method involves the chemical activation of a thin film surface, the introduction of amine functionality via a silanization step, the coupling of an adequate crosslinker and finally the immobilization of the DNA probe. The response of different thin-film materials and plastic substrates to the immobilization procedure is discussed. The DNA probes immobilized in the patterned pixels were then allowed to hybridize with complementary target DNA labeled with a fluorescent molecule. A prototype array of thin film pixels of SiO2 functionalized by silanization deposited over a polyimide substrate is demonstrated.
Cells in Micropatterned Hydrogels: Applications in Biosensing
Authors: Koh Won-Gun , Pishko Michael
Published: April 2017

Here we will discuss the development of arrays of mammalian cells of differing phenotype integrated with microfluidics and microsensors for applications such as drug screening and used to monitor cellular effects of multiple chemical and biological candidates. To fabricate these arrays, we immobilized either single or small groups of cells in 3-dimensional poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel microstructures fabricated on plastic or glass surfaces. These microstructures were created using either photolithography or printed using microarray robots. The resulting hydrogel microstructures were fabricated to dimensions as small as 10 microns in diameter with aspect ratios as high as 1.4. The gels were highly swollen with water to permit mass transfer of nutrients and potential analytes to the cells, and cell adhesion molecules were immobilized in the gel to allow cell attachment and spreading. Cell viability was confirmed using fluorescent assays and ESEM used to verify complete cell encapsulation. The specific and non-specific response of these cells to target molecules was monitored using optical or electrochemical detectors and analyzed to quantify the effect of these agents on the different phenotypes present in the array.
Nitric Oxide Sensors obtained through the entrapment of iron complexes in sol-gel matrix
Authors: Biazzotto Juliana C. , Borin João F. , Faria Roberto Mendonça , Graeff Carlos F.O , Preto Ribeirão
Published: April 2017

Iron(III)-diethyldithiocarbamate (Fe3DETC) or iron(III)-tetra-pentafluorophenyl porphyrin (FeTFPP) was entrapped within a silica matrix by the sol-gel process. The obtained sol-gel materials SGFeDETC and SGFeTFPP were investigated as sensors for nitric oxide (NO). UV/Vis spectra of the SGFeTFPP present a Soret band at 410 nm similar to that found in the solution. The binding of gaseous NO resulted in a red shift in the Soret absorption band (410 to 419 nm) of the FeTFPP in the matrix unlike FeTFPP:NO in solution. In the case of SGFeDETC, after addition of sodium dithionite solution and bubbling NO we have good evidence that the complex is formed. The EPR spectrum of the SGFeDETC:NO in solid form exhibited a signal similar to that found in a solution of FeDETC:NO at 77K. The UV/Vis spectrum of SGFeDETC:NO shows a band at 367 nm also found in FeDETC:NO solutions. It is observed that the FeDETC:NO is more stable entrapped in the sol-gel than in aqueous solution. In the former the EPR signal decreases by a factor of 4 after one week, in the latter in 2 days the EPR signal cannot be observed anymore.
Oligonucleotide Metallization for Conductive Bio-Inorganic Interfaces in Self Assembled Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems
Authors: Wang Xu , Singh Krishna , Tsai Chris , Lake Roger , Balandin Alexander , Ozkan Mihri
Published: April 2017

Properly designed sequences of oligonucleotides can be employed as scaffolds or templates for the self-organization of nanostructures and devices, through the Watson-Crick base pairing mechanism which serves as a programmable smart glue. In this paper, we report the Platinum metallization of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences for the first time. PNA is an analogue of DNA and has a neutral backbone which provides stronger hybridization, greater stability and higher specificity in base pairing. Pt ions were reduced from a salt solution and localized over the PNA fragments where the size of the Pt colloids depends on the duration of chemical reduction. Computations of the high lying occupied and lowlying unoccupied orbitals indicated that Pt nanoparticles bind easily on both the Thymine (T) bases and the backbone in the PNA.
Effect of Dopants on the Band Structure of Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films
Authors: Zheng Yuebing , Wang Shijie , Huan Cheng Hon A.
Published: April 2017

The effect of dopants on the band structure and crystal structure of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3thin films on (100) LaAlO3 substrates has been investigated. The dopants include Ti, Mg and Al. The band-gap energies of the thin films were determined from the transmission spectra measured by UVVIS spectrophotometer and increased with the increase of dopant concentration regardless of the type of dopants. The crystal structure was studied by using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The relation between band structure and crystal structure was discussed.
Diode Laser Bonding of Planar MEMS, MOEMS, & Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Chen Jie-Wei , Zybko Jerry , Clements James
Published: April 2017

The assembly of plastic microfluidic devices, MOEMS and microarrays requiring high positioning and welding accuracy in the micrometer range, has been successfully achieved using a new technology based on laser transmission welding combined with a photolithographic mask technique. This paper reviews a laser assembly platform for the joining of microfluidic plastic parts with its main related process characteristics and its potential for low-cost and high volume manufacturing. The system consists of a of diode laser with a mask and an automated alignment function to generate micro welding seams with freely definable geometries. A fully automated mask alignment system with a resolution of < 2 μm and a precise, non-contact energy input allows a fast welding of micro structured plastic parts with high reproducibility and excellent welding quality.
Microchannel Arrays in Borophosphosilicate Glass for Photonic Device and Optical Sensor Applications
Authors: Callender Claire L. , Dumais Patrick , Blanchetière Chantal , Ledderhof Christopher J. , Noad Julian P.
Published: April 2017

The fabrication of two-dimensional uniform arrays of microchannels in borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) layers deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is presented. The microchannels, with circular cross-sections of 2-3 μm diameter, are formed by depositing specific thicknesses of BPSG over periodic ridge/space templates etched into underlying silica layers using reactive ion etching (RIE). High temperature annealing results in reflow of the BPSG and the formation of uniform circular or cylindrical voids between the template ridges. Control of microchannel size and geometry through process variables is reported, and exploitation of the microfluidic and optical properties of microchannels and integrated waveguides for applications in optical sensing and photonic devices is demonstrated
Functionalisation of Microfluidic Channels with In Situ Grown Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Gjerde K. , Schurmann T. , Teo K.B.K. , Aono M. , Milne W.I. , Bøggild P.
Published: April 2017

We present a new route towards customizing the surface properties of microfluidic channels, by a forest of in situ grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Local distortions of the electrical field direction are used to control the direction of the carbon nanotube growth.
Composite Contacts in Microsystems: Fabrication of Metal-Nanostructured Titania Nanocomposites
Authors: Zuruzi Abu Samah , Ward Marcus S. , Ding Chang Song , MacDonald Noel C.
Published: April 2017

Integrated micrometer scale interpenetrating Au-Nanostructured TiO2 (NST) network nanocomposites have been fabricated using a two step process. First, NST pad arrays were prepared by reacting Ti surfaces, patterned with an SiO2 masking layer, with aqueous H2O2. NST formed is porous with pores 50 to 200 nm in diameter and walls about 75 to 125 nm thick. Second, Au was infiltrated into pores of NST using electroless deposition to form the nanocomposite. SEM studies indicate that Au was deposited into pores of NST with little void formation. Selective deposition of Au on NST pads was confirmed using XRD and area-mode XPS. This process is a general route to forming micrometer-scale nanocomposite features consisting of NST and metals that are amenable to electroless deposition.
Functional Carbon Nanotube Substrates for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Zhang X. , Ozkan C. , Prasad S. , Ozkan M. , Niyogi S.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we describe nanostructured substrates as suitable and functional platforms for neuron scaffolding. Neurons are electrically excitable mammalian cells that on network formation serve as conduits for information transfer. A vast amount of information is transferred through the cells in the spinal cord via synaptic and gap junctions in the electro-ionic fashion mediated by neutrotransmitters. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are strong, flexible, conduct electrical current and they are biocompatible and non-biodegradable. They can be functionalized with different biomolecules like neuron growth factors and adhesion agents, properties that come useful in formation of neuron hybrids. These properties of the nanotubes make them potentially successful candidates to form prosthetic substrates to guide neurite outgrowth. A combination of microlithography and chemical vapor deposition is used to engineer patterned vertical multiwalled carbon nanotube substrates. These substrates function as scaffolds and are used to demonstrate the formation of directed neuronal networks. Multiple substrate geometries and nanotube heights are fabricated to determine the most suitable combination for understand the cell morphological changes. Changes in the interaction between the cell membrane and the nanotube substrate are visually characterized. Cell viability is determined via calcium staining and different types of nano-structure substrates are also tested for further studies.
Self Organized InAs Quantum Dots on Patterned GaAs Substrates
Authors: Schramboeck M. , Schrenk W. , Andrews A. M. , Roch T. , Fasching G. , Brezna W. , Lugstein A. , Strasser G.
Published: April 2017

We investigate the growth of InAs quantum dots on patterned GaAs substrates. The GaAs substrate has been structured using holographic lithography. Quantum dot formation along the patterns has been observed as well as an increase in homogeneity of the quantum dots. Furthermore, the use of ion beams focused to nanometer diameters for substrate patterning has been studied and showed promising results. For the investigation of vertically aligned InAs quantum dots, cross-sectional atomic force microscopy has been successfully employed.
Colloidal Crystal Wires from Directed Assembly
Authors: Li Feng , Badel Xavier , Linnros Jan , Wiley John B.
Published: April 2017

Colloidal crystal wires with tubular-like packings are prepared by the directed assembly of spheres into cylindrical one-dimensional channels. Silica spheres are infiltrated into porous silicon membranes, treated with silane, and annealed. Single annealing cycles are found to result in colloidal crystal wires with varied packing geometries, while repeated annealing produces a thin translucent silica sheath around the wires. Packing in the wires varies with the relative channel diameter of the silicon membrane where typical wires contain 4 to 7 helical strands. Both chiral and achiral packing geometries are observed. The fabrication of these wires is discussed and the relationship between channel size and packing structure detailed.
Detection of Residual Stress in Silicon Carbide MEMS by μ-Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zingarelli John C. , Marciniak Michael A. , Foley Jason R.
Published: April 2017

Micro-Raman (μ-Raman) spectroscopy is used to measure residual stress in single-crystal, 6H-silicon carbide (SiC) used in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) devices. These structures are bulk micro-machined by back etching a 250-μm-thick, single-crystal 6HSiC wafer (p-type, 7 Ω-cm, 3.5° off-axis) to form a 50-μm thick diaphragm. A Wheatstone bridge, patterned of piezoresistive elements, is formed across the membrane from a 5-μm, 6HSiC (n-type, doped 3.8 × 1018 cm-3) epilayer; the output of the bridge is proportional to the flexure of the MEMS diaphragm. For these samples, the μ-Raman spectroscopy is performed using a Renishaw InVia Raman spectrometer with an argon-ion excitation source (λ = 514.5 nm, hν = 2.41 eV) with an approximate 1-μm2 spot size through the 50X objective. By employing an incorporated piezoelectric stage with submicron positioning capabilities along with the Raman spectral acquisition, spatial scans are performed to reveal areas in the MEMS structures that contain residual stress. Shifts in the transverse optical (TO) Stokes peaks of up to 2 cm-1 along the edge of the diaphragm and through the piezoresistors indicate significant material strain induced by the MEMS fabrication process.

The phonon deformation potential is measured to quantify the material stress as a function of the shift in the Raman peak position. The line center of the TO Stokes peak is shifted by applying a uniform stress to the sample and monitoring the applied stress using a strain gauge, while the μ-Raman spectrum is being measured. A spectral analysis code tracks the shift of the Raman peak position with respect to the line center of the Rayleigh peak to account for any thermal drift of the spectrometer during the time of the area scan.
Fabrication of Electrical Nanocontacts to Nanometer-sized materials and Structures Using a Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez F. , Casals O. , Rodríguez J. , Vilà A. , Romano-Rodríguez A. , Morante J.R. , Abid M. , Valizadeh S.
Published: April 2017

A Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (FIB) machine has been used to deposit platinum contacts on different nanostructured materials using both electron- and ion-assisted deposition. The electrical quality of the deposited platinum has been studied, and the feasibility of using this nanofabrication method to extract electrical parameters of nanomaterials demonstrated. The advantage of combining electron- and ion-assisted deposition instead of using only ion-assisted deposition is discussed. The possibility of applying this method in the fabrication of future nanodevices is demonstrated in a gas nanosensor prototype.
Micrometer Scale Silicon Dioxide Tunnels for On-chip Fluidic Sample Delivery to Nanometer-scale Chemical Sensors
Authors: Gokirmak Ali , Tiwari Sandip
Published: April 2017

We have developed a low temperature, CMOS compatible back-end-of-the-line process of making micrometer scale silicon dioxide tunnels for fluidic sample delivery to nanometer scale CMOS based chemical sensors. The fabrication process for these tunnels involve deposition of silicon dioxide over sacrificial photoresist and removal of the sacrificial resist from small holes opened on the top surface. The fabrication process allows arbitrary tunnel widths, about one micrometer and larger, if the supporting pillars are used. The highest process temperature is 135 C. The fabricated structures are compatible with cleaning steps in strong base or acid solutions and can withstand anneal steps at higher temperatures. It is possible to implement complicated, multilevel chemical sensor and mixer networks where microfluidic tunnels cross over each other by repeating the fabrication sequence.
IMPLANTASI VITAMIN E UNTUK MEMACU PEMATANGAN GONAD INDUK IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forskal)
Authors: Prijono Agus , Sugama Ketut , Azwar Zafril Imran , Setiadharma Toni , Sutarmat Tatam
Published: April 2017

Vitamin E adalah salah satu jenis vitamin yang digunakan untuk mempercepat pematangan gonad ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis implantasi vitamin E yang efektif dalam memacu pematangan gonad induk bandeng.
PENENTUAN TOKSISITAS LETAL DAN AMBANG KONSENTRASI AMAN HERBISIDA 2,4.D DIMETIL AMINA, ISOPROPIL GLIFOSAT DAN BUTAKLOR, PADA BENIH IKAN NILA (Oreocltromis niloticus)
Authors: Koesoemadinata Santosa , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: April 2017

Penggunaan herbisida untuk menanggulangi gulma dalam budidaya tanaman padi meningkat tahun demi tahun, khususnya dengan diterapkannya sistem TOT (Tanpa Olah Tanah) dan TABELA (Tebar Benih Langsung). Peningkatan pemakaian bahan agrokimia ini di agroekosistem pertanian dapat berdampak negatif bagi ikan dan perikanan.
PENGARUH PENURUNAN SUHU BERTAHAP TERHADAP AKTTVITAS DAN SINTASAN LOBSTER HITAM (Panulirue penicullatus ) SELAMA TRANSPORTASI SISTEM KERING
Authors: Suryaningrum Th. Dwi , Setiabudi Eddy , Erlina Mei Dwi
Published: April 2017

Perilaku lobster hitam (Panulirua penicullatus) terhadap penurunan suhu dan daya tahannya selama transportasi dalam media kering telah dipelajari. Perilaku lobster diamati pada lobster ukuran besar dan kecil dalam media air yang diturunkan suhunya secara bertahap (0,'C/5 menit).
Pilot tests on methods to form working platform on soft clay
Authors: Sun Liqiang , Meng Lingxiao , Guo Wei , Feng Xiaowei , Nie Wen , Chu Jian , Hou Jinfang
Published: April 2017

Pilot tests on the usage of vacuum preloading combined with short prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) to form a working platform for future soil improvement work were conducted at a land reclamation site in Tianjin, China. The short PVDs were connected using three methods – the conventional vacuum preloading method, fish-bone connectors and embedded horizontal pipes. To investigate the influence of PVD spacing, short PVDs were installed in square grids with spacings of 0·4 m and 0·6 m. The ground surface settlement, pore water pressures, water content and undrained shear strength of the soil were measured during the specific period of vacuum preloading. The pilot tests indicated that short PVDs connected using embedded vacuum pipes installed at 0·4 m spacing were the most suitable method to form a working platform on the surface of the dredged marine clay. This method yields a substantial saving on construction cost and time while exhibiting similar efficiency to the conventional vacuum preloading method. The undrained shear strength and degree of consolidation of the soil after 60 d of vacuum preloading were 23·6 kPa and 85·1%, respectively, which met the requirements for the working platform.
Efficacy of 50µg oral misoprostol versus 25µg vaginal misoprostol in induction of labor
Authors: R. Beenakumari , Viswanathan Radhamani Mavunkal , R. Nithya
Published: April 2017

Background: Misoprostol is the latest drug for induction of labour which is cheap and stable at room temperature. Our study was conducted to test the efficacy of misoprostol for labor induction through oral and vaginal route.Methods: 250 women who required induction of labor at Govt. Medical College, Kottayam was included in this study. Both oral misoprostol 50µg and vaginal misoprostol 25µg 4 hourly upto maximum of four doses were used for induction of labor as per consultant’s preference. Out of these 125 patients were selected for study in both groups. Singleton term pregnancies with cephalic presentation were selected. The mean induction pain interval, induction delivery interval, mode of delivery, maternal complications like uterine contraction abnormalities, neonatal complications were observed.Results: Induction to pain interval was shorter in oral misoprostol group compared to vaginal misoprostol group (2.48+1.3 hours vs. 3.91+2.17 hours P ≤0.001). But the mean induction to delivery interval was comparable in both groups (12.98±3.04hrs vs. 12.59±3.28 hrs.) Vaginal delivery and cesarean section rate in both groups were comparable. The oral group required more number of misoprostol (>2 misoprostol 38.4% in oral 25.6% in vaginal p=0.030). There was insignificant increased incidence of uterine hyperstimulation in vaginal group. The neonatal outcome was comparable.Conclusions: Misoprostol administered either by oral or vaginal route was equally effective in induction of labor and found to be safe.
Pelvic organ prolapse quantification system: to valsalva or not to valsalva while measuring genital hiatus (GH) and perineal body (PB)
Authors: Hota Tapaswini , Misra Sujata
Published: April 2017

Background: It is a study to determine whether or not, the widening of GH and PB with valsalva is evidence of pelvic floor dysfunction, and by the logic should the values in POPQ staging, be taken at valsalva or at rest.Methods: Prospective 2 arm cohort study. However, the analysis of various risk factors for prolapse was done in a case control study manner.Results: As compared to women without prolapse, in patients with POP, the dimensions of GH and PB are higher. Also, the increase in their dimensions with valsalva is more in prolapse cases. So valsalving while measurement of GH and PB would give a better idea of pelvic floor dysfunction.Conclusions: The study shows association between the severity of urinary problems and degree of prolapse. Measurements of POPQ when taken during valsalva, tend to give a better picture of levator dysfunction in prolapse patients.