bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Mangrove forest management based on multi dimension scalling (RAP-Mforest) in Kwandang Sub-district, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia
Authors: Melo Ramla Hartini , Kusmana Cecep , Eriyatno Eriyatno , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Melo RH, Kusmana C, Eriyatno, Nurrochmat DR. 2020. Short Communication: Mangrove forest management based on multi-dimension scalling (RAP-Mforest) in Kwandang Sub-district, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1352-1357. Management of mangrove forests is an important aspect in the effort to conserve the environment in coastal areas. Its management requires planning to ensure the sustainability of its function and benefit. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability level of the mangrove forest management in Kwandang Sub-district, North Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia and to determine the factors that affected that sustainability. Data were collected through field measurement and interviews, and then analyzed using Rapid Appraisal of Mangrove Forest (Rap-Mforest) approach and Monte Carlo analysis. The results showed that mangrove management was fairly sustainable on the ecological criteria (60.43%), but less sustainable on the economic criteria (47.79%) and social criteria (42.22%). The result of leverage analysis indicated that 6 out of 20 indicators were categorized as sensitive indicators affecting the sustainability of mangrove management. These sensitive indicators should be given priority in increasing the sustainability index in the future.
Species density and shell morphology of gold ring cowry (Monetaria annulus, Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) in the coastal waters of Ambon Island, Indonesia
Authors: LOUVENSKA N. LATUPEIRISSA  , FREDY LEIWAKABESSY  , Rumahlatu Dominggus -
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Latupeirissa LN, Leiwakabessy F, Rumahlatu D. 2020. Species density and shell morphology of gold ring cowry (Monetaria annulus, Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) in the coastal waters of Ambon Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1391-1400. The purpose of this research was to examine environmental factors, species density, and the shell morphology of Monetaria annulus. The samples were collected by using the line transect method at 6 research stations. The data of the environmental factors (temperature, salinity, and pH of seawater) as well as species density of M. annulus were collected with in-situ technique, while the shell morphology of M. annulus was measured at Laboratory of the Deep-Sea Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Ambon. The results of the measurements of the environmental factors in the coastal waters of Ambon Island showed some fluctuations in the measurement values. The seawater temperature ranged between 29.78-30.05 ºC, the salinity of seawater ranged from 32.12-32.33‰, and the pH of the seawater ranged from 8.34-8.49. The density of M. annulus at the research stations from the highest to the lowest was at Tanjung Tiram station, Suli station, Seri station, Hutumuri station, Halong station, and Latuhalat station (0.27 > 0.24 > 0.23 > 0.19 > 0.14 > 0.12 ind/m2). The results of the measurement of the shell morphology showed many variations in the size and shape of the shell of M. annulus with a total number (N) of 294 individuals. The length, the width, and the height of the shell, the length of the blotches, the width of the blotches, and the total weight of M. annulus from each research station were significantly different (p<0.005). These results indicate that the differences in the shell morphology of M. annulus at each research station were influenced by waves, the strength of the currents sea waves, and the different substrate of water. In addition, the variation of shell morphology can be a reason for characterization in the taxonomy of the Cypraeidae family.
Short Communication: Species diversity, habitat and abundance of Culicid mosquitoes in Bushehr Province, South of Iran
Authors: KHOOBDEL MAHDI , KESHAVARZI DVOUD , HOSSEIN SOBATI  , MORTEZA AKBARI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Khoobdel M, Keshavarzi D, Sobat H, Akbari M. 2020. Short Communication: Species diversity, habitat and abundance of Culicid mosquitoes in Bushehr Province, South of Iran. Biodiversitas 21: 1401-1406. Culicid-borne diseases are causes of substantial illness worldwide. Effective culicid control depends on up-to-date knowledge of ecology and dispersal of species. Hence, this entomological study was conducted from January - December 2017 to provide baseline data on the distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in the Southwest of Iran. In total, 2530 specimens belonging to 14 different species were collected and identified, as follows: Culex hortensis, Cx. laticinctus, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. modestus, Cx. sinaiticus, Cx. theileri, Cx. torrentium, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles stephensi, An. superpictus, An.dthali, and An.subpictus. Diversity analysis indicated higher species richness for uninhabited areas (Margalef 1/86). The average of Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.98 to 2.10. Differences between urban and uninhabited areas were significant according to the diversity t-test (P = 0.024, t = 2.26). The analysis of beta biodiversity showed that rural and uninhabited areas were the closest environments in their specific composition (Whittaker index = 0.130). These findings could be useful in vector control program.
Comparison of several methods of stands inventory prior to logging towards the yield volume of mangrove forest in Bintuni Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dr. Istomo  , Kusmana Cecep , Dwiyanti Fifi Gus , Malik Zulfikar
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Istomo, Kusmana C, Dwiyanti FG, Malik D. 2020. Comparison of several methods of stands inventory prior to logging towards the yield volume of mangrove forest in Bintuni Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1438-1447. The difference between the estimated volume and the actual harvested volume is the reason that mangrove forest management is unsustainable. To overcome this discrepancy, it is important to do what so called Inventarisasi Tegakan Sebelum Penebangan (ITSP) or stands inventory prior to logging for logging concession. However, the study on suitable ITSP methods for mangrove forests has been limited. This study aims to assess three ITSP methods (namely Line Strip Sampling Method, Line Systematic Sampling Method, and CIFOR’s Modified Method) using two allometric equations (i.e., equation developed specifically by a logging concession and equation developed that has specific formula for each species), and to select the combination of method and allometric equation that produce the highest accuracy for logging concession in mangrove forest, especially in Bintuni Bay, West Papua. The results showed that CIFOR’s Modified Method produces the lowest discrepancy between the estimated volume and the actual harvested volume, followed by Line Strip Sampling Method. In addition, regardless the ITSP methods employed, the allometric equation by Cole et al. (1999) outperforms the equation developed specifically by a logging concession. While producing the lowest discrepancy with plot size is the smallest than other methods, CIFOR’s Modified Method has a disadvantage when applied in the field due to difficulties in making a circular plot. As such, we recommend ITSP method to be used is the Line Strip Sampling method with allometric equation.
Population dynamics of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla harpax and Oratosquillina sp. in the waters south of Madura Island, Indonesia
Authors: Arista Yenni , ZAIRION  , YUSLI WARDIATNO
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ekalaturrahmah YAC, Zairon, Wardiatno Y. 2020. Population dynamics of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla harpax and Oratosquillina sp. in the waters south of Madura Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1458-1466. Mantis shrimps are a potential fishery resource in Indonesia, but information about their population dynamics in the southern waters of Madura is limited. This study aimed to determine the population structure, growth, life span, and rate of exploitation for two taxa of mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla harpax and Oratosquillina sp.). The research was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019 in the southern waters of Madura. The results showed that for H. harpax the majority of males caught ranged in length between 132.50 and 139.37 mm while the majority of females were between 153.45 and 160.22 mm. For Oratosquillina sp., the majority of males caught ranged from 84.70 and 89.60 mm while the majority of females were between 89.85 and 95.30 mm. The Growth Coefficient (K) for H. harpax was estimated to be 0.65 per year for males and 0.60 per year for females; while for Oratosquillina sp. the estimates were 0.81 and 0.78 per year, respectively. The L∞ value for H. harpax males was 183.00 mm and for females 250.55 mm, while the L∞ values for Oratosquillina sp. were 112.64 mm for males and 137.02 for females. The life span of H. harpax was estimated at 5 years, while for Oratosquillina sp. it was 4 years. The exploitation rate (E) for H. harpax males and females was 0.65 and 0.67 respectively, while for Oratosquillina sp. it was 0.54 and 0.58. These estimations indicated overexploitation of the resource, particularly in the case of H. harpax.
Characterization of soil properties in relation to Shorea macrophylla growth performance under sandy soils at Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Che Adanan Izwaida , Wasli Mohd Effendi , Perumal Mugunthan , Ho Soo Ying
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Adanan IC, Wasli ME, Perumal M, Ying HS. 2020. Characterization of soil properties in relation to Shorea macrophylla growth performance under sandy soils at Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 1467-1475. A study was conducted in the Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak, to characterize soil properties in terms of soil morphological and physicochemical properties under sandy soil at the reforestation site in comparison with High Conservation Forest soil as well as to assess growth performance of planted S. macrophylla under the sandy soil. Study sites with the size of 25 m x 25 m were established under reforestation sites (Early Establishment of Reforestation Site (ER) and Late Establishment of Reforestation Site (LR)) as well as the High Conservation Forests (HCF-1 and HCF-2). The results from soil morphological properties showed that the soils in ER and HCF-2 plots resemble Saratok series while soils in LR and HCF-1 plot were classified into Buso series. As for soil physicochemical properties, soil in all study sites were strongly acidic in nature with pH (H2O) value less than 5.00 with sandy (more than 55%) at both surface and subsurface soil. The survival percentage of planted S. macrophylla in ER and LR plot was 65 % and 56%, respectively. Long term monitoring on soil properties and growth performance of planted S.marophylla tree are essential in order to continuously provide information on the status of reforestation activity.
Chemotypes and antibacterial activities of Inula viscosa essential oils from Algeria
Authors: Ounoughi Abdelkader , Ramdani Messaoud , Lograda Takia , Chalard Pierre , Figueredo Gilles
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ounoughi A, Ramdani M, Lograda  T, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2020. Chemotypes and antibacterial activities of Inula viscosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 1504-1517. The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial activities of the essential oils from Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton. Samples were collected in the flowering stage, from different localities in Algeria. The aerial parts of I. viscosa were submitted to a hydro distillation. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against fifteen bacterial species. Fifty-eight compounds representing 98.93 ± 2.03% of the total oil was identified in I. viscosa. It was found that the chemical composition was dominated by the presence of the following major products: polygodial (19.8 ± 16.97%), phytol (12.3 ± 9.77%), fokienol (6.01 ± 3.43%), intermedeol neo (5.09 ± 2.38%), caryophyllene oxide (4.91 ± 3.03%), nerolidol-Z (4.46 ± 5.46%), nerolidol-E (4.24 ± 8.07%) and α-ionone iso methyl-E (3.72 ± 2.26%). The essential oil of I. viscosa has moderate activity against the bacteria tested. In contrast, the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonon syringae ATCC 53543 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49452 strains are resistant to I. viscosa essential oils. The phytochemical study of I. viscosa showed that it is rich in terpene compounds, with polygodial and phytol as major components. Three distinct chemotypes are highlighted. The (Polygodial-Intermedeol-neo-Phytol) chemotype of Salah Bey population and two chemotypes with Fokinol-polygodial and Fokinol-phytol. Moderate antibacterial activities of essential oils against the bacteria tested were found.
Length-weight, maturity, and condition factor of torpedo scads (Megalaspis cordyla Linnaeus, 1758) in the Java Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Oktaviani Dian , Eko Prianto  , Duto Nugroho
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Oktaviani D, Priyanto E, Nugroho D. 2020. Length-weight, maturity, and condition factor of torpedo scads (Megalaspis cordyla Linnaeus, 1758) in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1527-1534. The Java Sea comprises the most extensive ecosystem with high pressure on the biodiversity of marine fish species in Indonesia. Small pelagic fish is the main target among marine fish species in this area for decades to fulfill the need for animal protein for human consumption. Torpedo scads (Megalaspis cordyla Linnaeus, 1758) locally called as tetengkek is one of the common species caught in small pelagic seiners fisheries in the area. The significant increasing trend of annual fish landing could lead to unsustainable long-term harvesting. This study was performed to support baseline information on the biological characteristics of Torpedo scads. Measurements on length, weight, sex, maturity, and gonad weight are the main database that collected from February to December 2017 in the Tegal fishing port, north coast of central Java. A total of 2139 specimens were available for monthly length-frequency measurements, and 601 specimens among them specifically observed for length-weight, sex, maturity stage, and their gonad weight. The result showed that fish caught within a range of 16.0-35.4 cmFL and weight of 40-570 g. The length-weight relationship tends to be isometric with the equation of L = 7.e-03 W3.1511. The male and female ratio at 1.07: 1.0 with most of the fish caught at an immature stage (77% of males and 63% of females). Average Fulton condition factor (Kn) of 1.15­+0.09 (0.86-1.64). A wide range of GSI indicates that torpedo scads partially spawn at each month of the year.
Population structure of Gyrinops versteegii within floristic community in Nggalak Protection Forest, Flores Island, Indonesia
Authors: Fiqa Abban Putri , SUGENG BUDIHARTA  , FEBRINA ARTAULI SIAHAAN  , RIDESTI RINDYASTUTI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Fiqa AP, Budiharta S, Siahaan FA, Rindyastuti R. 2020. Population structure of Gyrinops versteegii within floristic community in Nggalak Protection Forest, Flores Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1561-1568.  Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is one of the agarwood-producing plants native to eastern Indonesia with high level of exploitation in its natural habitat. Despite being protected by listing it in the CITES Appendix II, anecdotal evidence suggests that G. versteegii population continues to decline. Yet, there is limited empirical data to support such premise. This study was conducted to evaluate the abundance, population structure and floristic importance position of G.versteegii within vegetation community in its natural habitat in Nggalak Forest, Flores. Vegetation analysis was carried out at four growth stages: mature, immature, saplings, and seedlings stage. The results showed that G. versteegii was abundant in its natural habitat in Nggalak Forest in juvenile stages (i.e. seedlings to immature), but not in mature stage. Population densities for seedlings, saplings and immature stage were 313, 150 and 22 individuals per hectare respectively. G. versteegii also hold important position in the community structure, ranks 28th, 6th, and 14th for seedlings, saplings and immature stages respectively in term of importance value index. The high abundance and floristic importance of G. versteegii at the juvenile stages, but not at mature stages, indicates that rampant and over-exploitation of mature plants is likely the major threat to its population. We recommend to replicate similar study in other G. versteegii distribution areas. If similar pattern is found, conservation intervention in the form of protection of its natural population to sustain the juveniles to grow until mature stage may be required along with encouraging cultivation and reintroduction to enhance the population.
Alstonia scholaris in the ethnomedicinal and religious tradition of Coastal Karnataka, India
Authors: Bhandary M Jayakara
Published: April 2020

Abstract. MJ Bhandary. 2020. Alstonia scholaris in the ethnomedicinal and religious tradition of Coastal Karnataka, India. Biodiversitas 21: 1569-1577. The tribal and non-tribal indigenous communities of coastal districts of Karnataka use Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. for the treatment of various ailments such as fever, asthma, leucorrhea, eczema, indigestion and also to heal spider bites. An annual health-related ritual of mass drinking of a bitter juice or decoction of the stem bark of this tree on the new moon (amavasya) day of ‘aati’ month of the traditional ‘tulu’ calendar coinciding with the rainy monsoon season is popularly followed in the study area, especially by the rural families. The underlying belief is that this drink keeps away all ailments and ensures wellbeing. The recorded ethnomedicinal uses and the traditional practice of mass drinking of the bitter juice appear to be scientifically meaningful when interpreted on the background of the ayurvedic uses and the wide range of curative properties ascribed to this plant, many of which have been confirmed by reported pharmaco-chemical studies. Studies have also indicated that the toxicity of the bark extract was minimum during monsoon season and the concentration of active principle was maximum in the bark juice collected on the particular new moon day. This further justifies the timing of the described annual medicine drinking event. In addition, some Tulu language-speaking indigenous communities consider this tree as the reincarnation of a mythological demon called Bali and worship its branch during the festival days of Deepavali, in honor of him. Thus, A. scholaris emerges as a plant of great ethnobotanical significance in the study area.
Comparative leaf and wood anatomical characteristics of Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae) relate to taxonomy of the species in Thailand
Authors: SAMOESAK PRASAWANG  , Srinual Anitthan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Prasawang S, Srinual A. 2020. Comparative leaf and wood anatomical characteristics of Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae) relate to taxonomy of the species in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 1578-1587. Anatomical attributes are important tools for taxonomic studies of plants. The present study compared anatomical characteristics (i.e. lamina, petiole and wood) of two species of Chrysophyllum (namely Chrysophyllum cainito L. and C. roxburghii G.Don) belonging to family Sapotaceae in Thailand to develop taxonomic identification keys for two species of Chrysophyllum. Peeling and clearing methods were used for epidermal study, paraffin method for lamina and petiole transverse sections and standard microtome sectioning for anatomical analyses of wood. The findings of this study demonstrated the leaf and wood anatomical features presenting in C. cainito differs from those in the species of C. roxburghii including 1) shape and outline of epidermal cell wall 2) presence or absence of T-shaped trichome 3) presence or absence of inclusions 4) shape of vascular bundle and accessory bundle in midrib 5) shape of petiole and vascular bundle 6) grouping type of vessel 7) type of axial parenchyma 8) presence or absence of inclusions in rays and 9) thickness of fiber walls. Therefore, these characteristics can be used valuably as additional data in case of taxonomic studies of Thai Chrysophyllum.
Ethnoornithological study in selected villages of Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: ELFIS  , Titisari Prima Wahyu , NUNUT SUHARNI  , KHAIRANI  , NADIATUL JANNA  , TIKA PERMATASARI  , INDRY CHAHYANA
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Elfis, Titisari PW, Suharni N, Khairani, Janna N, Permatasari T, Chahyana I. 2020. Ethnoornithological study in selected villages of Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1645-1652. Riau Province, along the central-eastern coast of Sumatra, is an area of high bird diversity. The purpose of this study is to document and analyze the ethnoornithological local wisdom of some selected villages and use it to develop a strategy for biodiversity conservation in Riau. The method used in this research involved direct observation of some areas that have local accumulated natural history knowledge and interviews with selected informants of the local community. Some bird species were found to be central to the local culture, and these included the Punai Saluang/Sumatran Green-pigeon (Treron oxyura Temminck), Serindit Melayu/Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot (Loriculus galgulus Linnaeus), Bubut/Greater Coucal (Centropus Sinensis Stephens), and Rangkong Gading/Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil Forster). These bird species are used in traditional medicine, rituals and symbols in Riau Province. Serindit Melayu/Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot is a symbol of the Malay community in Riau and averts evil in the village of Gema. Rangkong Gading/Helmeted Hornbill body parts are used in ritual treatment to cure various diseases by the TalangMamak Tribe in Rantau Langsat. Punai Saluang/Sumatran Green-pigeon is used as a metaphor in folk literature of the Malays in the Pelalawan area, and Bubut/Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis Stephens) body parts are used as traditional medicine by the Malays in Kuok Village. There are several aspects that need to be studied further to conserve these birds, including the ecology, reproduction, and behavior aspects. Through preservation of these ethnoornithological rituals and education of the younger generation, these and other species of birds can be better sustained in and around the culture of Riau society.
Identification and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Puji , ADRIYANA BUDIARTI  , Fitriana Yuyun , FX. SUSILO  , I GEDE SWIBAWA  , HAMIM SUDARSONO  , RADIX SUHARJO  , AGUS M. HARIRI  , PURNOMO  , NURYASIN  , SOLIKHIN  , LESTARI WIBOWO  , JUMARI  , MAMAN HARTAMAN
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Lestari P, Budiarti A, Fitriana Y, Susilo FX, Swibawa IG, Sudarsono H, Suharjo R, Hariri AM, Purnomo, Nuryasin, Solikhin, Wibowo L, Jumari, Hartaman M. 2020. Identification and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1670-1677. Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most recent invasive and destructive insect pest in Indonesia. Recently, it has been reported that this pest was found in some cornfield areas in Sumatera, including Lampung. This research was performed to confirm the presence of S. frugiperda in Lampung Province by collecting and identifying larvae of Spodoptera found in the field as well as investigation on the genetic diversity of the established populations and to observe the damage caused by this pest on cornfields in the Lampung Province. The observation was conducted from February-April 2019 at four locations (districts) representing corn-producing areas in Lampung, namely Lampung Selatan, Lampung Timur, Pesawaran and Pringsewu, each location comprising five plots. The plot is a cornfield with plants aged 14-40 days after planting. Twenty plants were randomly chosen in every plot as plant samples to collect the Spodoptera larvae and to calculate the absolute plant damage caused by the larvae. The absolute plant damage was analyzed by dividing the attacked plants with total plants observed and multiply by 100%. Identification of the Spodoptera larvae was performed based on morphological characters and molecular techniques using sequence analysis of Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The result confirmed that the larvae found in the cornfield in Lampung were S. frugiperda. There was no nucleotides variation in the sequence of COI gene among S. frugiperda found in Lampung Province (Lampung Selatan, Lampung Timur, Pesawaran and Pringsewu) as well as S. frugiperda that was found in corn from foreign countries. The absolute plant damage caused by this pest in the four districts of Lampung was in the range of 26.50-70%.
Isolation and selection of cellulolytic bacteria from rice straw for consortium of microbial fuel cell
Authors: Khoirunnisa Nur Syafira , SYAIFUL ANWAR  , DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Khoirunnisa NS, Anwar S, Santosa DA. 2020. Isolation and selection of cellulolytic bacteria from rice straw for consortium of microbial fuel cell. Biodiversitas 21: 1686-1696. Cellulose such as in rice straw can be utilized as an organic substrate in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to generate electricity by microorganisms as a biocatalyst. This research aimed to get cellulose-degrading bacteria with high capability to degrade rice straw and able to be used as consortium with exoelectrogen bacteria in Microbial Fuel Cell. The stages of research included: (i) isolation of the bacteria using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar medium, (ii) selection of the isolates for that purpose, (iii) enzyme assay and MFC performance test, and (iv) identification of selected isolate. There were 125 isolates that were obtained. Selection based on the ability to degrade cellulose as indicated by clear zone on CMC medium resulted in 23 isolates. Ten isolates belong to anaerobic facultative bacteria were selected. Three of them were synergistic with exoelectrogen bacteria. The three isolates were tested for exoglucanase (Avicel) and total enzyme activity (Filter Paper) with the highest results were 6.21 U/mL (isolate J404) and 5.88 U/mL (isolate J401), respectively. The optimum MFC performance was achieved by one isolate, J401, which produced highest voltage of 40.8 mV and a power density of 0.33 mW/m2. The best isolate, J401, was identified as Xanthomonas translucens based on 16S rRNA method.
Short Communication: Landscape composition alters parasitoid wasps but not their host diversity in tropical agricultural landscapes
Authors: Syahidah Tazkiyatul , AKHMAD RIZALI  , LILIK B. PRASETYO  , PUDJIANTO  , DAMAYANTI BUCHORI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Syahidah T, Rizali A, Prasetyo LB, Pudjianto, Buchori D. 2020. Short Communication: Landscape composition alters parasitoid wasps but not their host diversity in tropical agricultural landscapes. Biodiversitas 21: 1702-1706. The diversity of parasitoid wasps and their hosts in an agricultural landscape is affected by crop management and habitat conditions around crop fields. The composition of agricultural landscapes that are dominated by non-crop or natural habitats are assumed to be able to support the presence of parasitoid wasps as biological control of pests. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of landscape composition on the diversity of parasitoid wasps and their hosts in agricultural landscapes. The research observations were conducted on six fields of long-bean cultivation located in Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Parasitoid wasps were collected by hand-collecting of their hosts (lepidopteran larvae) within 60 m distance transect to each long-bean field. In total, 17 species of parasitoid wasps and 12 species of lepidopteran larvae were found from all agricultural landscapes. A parasitoid wasp, Microplitis manilae was found in all long-bean fields (except Bantarjaya) and only parasitized the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura). The tomato looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites had the highest associated parasitoids and was also parasitized by Braconidae sp5 which was also a parasitoid of S. litura. Based on the analysis results, the patch numbers of natural habitats had a positive effect on the diversity of parasitoid wasps and had no effect on the diversity of lepidopteran larvae. In conclusion, landscape compositions with patchy natural habitats have an important role to preserve beneficial insects and maintain ecosystem services in tropical agricultural landscapes.
Elevation influence the macrofungi diversity and composition of Gunung Korbu, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Bakray Aqilah , S. NURJANNAH  , S. SALLEH  , Z. AHMAD FITRI  , M. MOHD KHAIRUL FAIZI  , K.M. HAJA MAIDEEN  , M.S. NIZAM
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Nur ‘Aqilah MB, NurJannah S, Salleh S, Thi BK, Ahmad Fitri Z, Mohd Khairul Faizi M, Haja Maideen KM, Nizam MS. 2020. Title. Biodiversitas 21: 1707-1713. Fructification of macrofungi depends on two main factors, abiotic and biotic. In this study, the main focus is to determine the macrofungi composition and diversity as the effect of elevation and substrate. Macrofungi collection was conducted at three different elevations along the trails (Trail A, B, and C) of Gunung Korbu in July 2019. The sampling area was divided by ascent elevation from the Seroja Camp to the Rimba Gate (Trail A, 796 m above sea level[a.s.l]), the Seroja Camp to the Kijang Camp (Trail B, 1092 m a.s.l) and the Kijang Camp to the summit of Gunung Korbu (Trail C, 2183 m a.s.l). The collected macrofungi were photographed, described based on their macroscopic characters and any colour changes when bruising or chemicals reactions were recorded. In total 90 macrofungi specimens were in good condition belonging to 6 families from 13 genera, including the unidentified. About 93.33% (84 specimens) of the collections are saprotrophic fungi and six parasitic fungi. Trail B recorded the highest diversity index of 2.20 and 0.87 for Shannon Index and Simpson index, respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations showed a clear separation pattern of macrofungi community found in three different trails, with most of the specimens found in Trail B.
Soil physicochemical and ethnobiological studies on the peat swamp forests of Southern Papua, Indonesia
Authors: AKHMAD KADIR  , ROSYE H.R. TANJUNG  , SUHARNO SUHARNO , BASA T. RUMAHORBO  , MUHAMMAD A. REZA
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Kadir A, Tanjung RHR, Suharno, Rumahorbo BT, Reza MA. 2020. Soil physicochemical and ethnobiological studies on the peat swamp forests of Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx.  Peatlands play an important role in human life, particularly its direct impact for the locals. People in peatlands depend on the availability of natural resources, including in Papua. The purpose of this research was to determine the important role of peatland areas in the lives of locals in southern Papua. The survey was conducted using the purposive sampling method. Peat soil samples were analyzed at the Balai Penelitian dan Teknologi Pertanian (Agricultural Research and Technology Center) (BPTP) Yogyakarta. The results showed that peatlands in the southern part of Papua, specifically Mappi District, belong to the fibric peats category. Soil analysis results showed that the average pH is 4.04 (acidic), organic C is 16.39% (high), total N is 1.12% (very high), and C/N ratio is 14.69(moderate). In general, the local’s knowledge about peat swamp is still low (26.98%), most of them (73.02%) do not know the existence of peat swamp forest. So far, people only know the forest as swamp forest. The locals still depend on forest areas to fulfill their daily needs, therefore peat areas land-use must be followed by wise management so that they can be made sustainable.
Short Communication: Plant species richness and diversity in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark, Indonesia
Authors: Yudaputra Angga , Puguh Rahardjo
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Yudaputra A, Rahardjo P. 2020. Short Communication: Plant species richness and diversity in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1735-1742. The information on plant species richness and diversity in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark, Central Java is very limited. This study aimed: (1) to investigate plant species richness and abundance as well as floristic composition in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark; (2) to reveal the potential uses of plant species recorded in the area. Square sampling plots were applied for nine sampling locations. Square plot of 10 x 10 m was applied to record tree, while nested plots of 5 x 5 m and 2 x 2 m were applied to record sapling and understorey plants including shrubs and herbs, respectively. The highest plant species richness was found in the location with higher elevation and mountainous topography. The species abundance reaches its maximum values at low to moderate elevation. Shannon Diversity Index (H) showed that tree and sapling have moderate diversity, whereas understorey plant has high diversity. Melastoma malabathricum, Clidemia hirta, Zingiber zerumbet, and Ageratum conyzoides are the most abundant plants in this Geopark. Most of plants recorded have potential benefit as medicinal uses.
Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dian Takarina Noverita
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Takarina ND. 2020. Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1743-1748. The biodiversity of mangrove and associated species have contribution to remove contaminants from aquatic environment, for example, river. This work aims to study the effects of mangrove and associated species in absorbing zinc (Zn) from water and sediment and remobilizing it into stems. The work was conducted by sampling mangroves, associated species, sediment and water along 9 stations in riparian of Blanakan River, West Java. The stems of mangrove and associated species, water and sediments were analyzed for Zn content using AAS. The biodiversity was evaluated using Shannon-Wiener index (H’). The bioremobilization potential was calculated using Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). There were 3 true mangrove species (i.e. Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia caseolaris) and 3 mangrove associate species (i.e. Colocasia esculenta, Ipomoea aquatica, and Wedelia biflora). The H’ was ranging from 0.5 to 0.7. We found that the riparian with high species richness and biodiversity has less Zn contents both in water and sediments, while the riparian that has low species diversity has high Zn in water and sediments. All the mangrove and associated species have stored Zn in their stems with the most effective species in remobilizing Zn from water and sediment were C. esculenta, S. caseolaris, and R. mucronata. The contamination of Zn in aquatic ecosystem can be managed and reduced by increasing mangrove and associated species diversity and planting species that effective in remobilization of contaminants from environment.
Above-ground carbon stock at Kamojang Regions, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: DWIKI DANANG KUNCORO  , TEGUH HUSODO  , JOKO KUSMORO  , RANDI HENDRAWAN  , SUROSO  , FEMI AFRIYANTI  , ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Kuncoro DD, Husodo T, Kusmoro J, Hendrawan R, Suroso, Afriyanti F, Megantara EN. 2020. Above-ground carbon stock at Kamojang Regions, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1749-1754. Kamojang is one of the regions that have the potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and carbon storage for the southern side of West Java Province, Indonesia. The existence of vegetation as a provider of ecological services in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and carbon storage certainly has a very important role, either in living conditions (biomass) or dead conditions (necromass). The aims of this study are to determine the total amount of above-ground carbon stock and determine the type of land-use that has the greatest carbon storage potential in the Kamojang region. Data collection in this research combines destructive and non-destructive methods. The measurement of biomass was carried out by the non-destructive sampling method for the category of sapling, poles, trees and necromass and the destructive sampling method for the category of undergrowth and litter. The results showed total above-ground carbon stored in Kamojang area is 4,995.75 t C with the largest potential value of carbon stock in the pine production forest of 163.79 t C/ha.
FPGA-based neural network accelerators for millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber systems
Authors: Lee Jeonghun , He Jiayuan , Wang Ke
Published: April 2020

With rapidly developing high-speed wireless communications, the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency range has attracted extensive interests, and radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems have been widely investigated as a promising solution to deliver mm-wave signals. Neural networks have been proposed and studied to improve the mm-wave RoF system performances at the receiver side by suppressing both linear and nonlinear impairments. However, previous studies of neural networks in mm-wave RoF systems all focus on the use of off-line processing with high-end GPUs or CPUs, which are not practical for low power-consumption, low-cost and limited computation platform applications. To solve this issue, in this paper we investigate neural network hardware accelerator implementations for mm-wave RoF systems for the first time using the field programmable gate array (FPGA), taking advantage of the low power consumption, parallel computation, and reconfigurablity features of FPGA. Both the convolutional neural network (CNN) and binary convolutional neural network (BCNN) hardware accelerators are demonstrated. In addition, to satisfy the low-latency requirement in mm-wave RoF systems and to enable the use of low-cost compact FPGA devices, a novel inner parallel computation optimization method for implementing CNN and BCNN on FPGA is proposed. It is shown that compared with the popular embedded processor (ARM Cortex A9) execution latency, the proposed FPGA-based hardware accelerator reduces the processing delay in mm-wave RoF systems by about 99.45% and 92.79% for CNN and BCNN, respectively. Compared with non-optimized FPGA implementations, results show that the proposed inner parallel computation method reduces the processing latency by about 44.93% and 45.85% for CNN and BCNN, respectively. In addition, compared with the GPU implementation, the latency of CNN implementation with the proposed optimization method is reduced by 85.49%, while the power consumption is reduced by 86.91%. Although the latency of BCNN implementation with the proposed optimization method is larger compared with the GPU implementation, the power consumption is reduced by 86.14%. The demonstrated FPGA-based neural network hardware accelerators provide a promising solution for mm-wave RoF systems.
Active citizenship and civic competencies in the Hungarian city of Győr
Authors: Reisinger Adrienn , Kovács Norbert , Róbert Szabó Dániel
Published: April 2020

This article is based on the premise that participatory democracy needs active citizens, and active citizens need civic competencies. The goal of this study is to illustrate previous research into active citizenship and civic competencies and to add the own concept of the authors to the literature. The article also provides empirical results from a survey into active citizenship carried out among citizens in Győr, Hungary, 2017. A total of 254 citizens filled out the online and offline questionnaire. The survey sample methods included random and snowball sampling. The sample does not represent the population of Győr, 64.3 per cent were women and about half of the sample were graduate citizens, so the results can be interpreted only to the respondents. Results offer an insight into what citizens think of the concept of active citizenship and which civic competencies they regard as important active participation in society. The article also demonstrates guidance for practitioners and researchers and it adds to the literature on active citizenship. It is possible to believe that knowing what kind of civic competencies people need could be useful to know how to be more active in the society.
The Rise of Character Education in Britain: Heroes, Dragons and the Myths of Character, Lee Jerome and Ben Kisby (2019)
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: April 2020

Review of: The Rise of Character Education in Britain: Heroes, Dragons and the Myths of Character, Lee Jerome and Ben Kisby (2019)

Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 137 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03027-760-4, h/bk, GBP 32.82
PRACTICES OF CIVIC PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Smoleva Elena O.
Published: April 2020

The article presents a study of the issues of citizens ' participation in the development of urban areas, creating a comfortable environment for life on the example of Vologda. The research is based on the following methods: multiple case study, included observation, unstructured interviews, and content analysis. When studying a separate case, we identified the participants in the interaction, the nature of the interaction (open dialogue, pseudo-communication, conflict), the tools of civil participation, and the results obtained. The main problem of realizing the potential of civil participation in municipal management is the unformed motivation of people to social activity. It is concluded that in the context of a conflict of interests, the participating project looks like a marginal protest movement in the eyes of the local authorities. The fact that the urban environment will be in demand and works better if residents are actively involved in its creation and management, justifies the need for a dialogue between the government and the population. It is possible to avoid a city-protection conflict by involving citizens in participation at the first stages of designing changes to public spaces.
The Opinion procedure under Article 218(11) TFEU: Reflections in the light of Opinion 1/17
Authors: Cremona Marise
Published: April 2020

This paper explores aspects of Opinion 1/17, handed down by the Court of Justice on 30 April 2019, as an example of the specific procedure of Article 218(11) TFEU and the Court’s evolving practice. The prior Opinion procedure serves to prevent the complications that would arise, both internally and externally, if an international treaty were concluded by the EU and then subsequently found to be incompatible with primary EU law. Opinion 1/17 raised issues of institutional and substantive compatibility, in the form of the principle of autonomy and compliance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights. In handling both, the Court’s approach was characterised by its insistence on the reciprocal nature of the CETA relationship, the separation of the CETA system from EU law, the ability of the EU to engage with such independent and reciprocal dispute settlement processes, and its assessment of the way in which the agreement would be implemented. The Opinion represents an example of the explanatory or didactic form of reasoning typical of recent Opinions, as well as breaking new ground in its conception of an ‘envisaged’ agreement.
ТO A QUESTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL BASES OF BILLETS PRODUCTION OF FRICTION DISCS WITH THE BRONZE COATING FOR WORK IN OIL IN KNOTS OF VEHICLES
Authors: Krykhtin Yu. I. , Karlov V. I.
Published: April 2020

Technological bases of production of billets of friction discs with the porous bronze gas-thermal coating with plasma spraying, for work in oil in knots of transmissions of vehicles are developed.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MODE OF FINAL TREATMENT ON THE QUALITY OF THE FLAT SURFACES OF ALUMINIUM MATERIALS
Authors: Galkin M. G. , Smagin A. S. , Poupyreva A. S.
Published: April 2020

In the process of multivariate design of machining technology, one of the important tasks is to select the optimal cutting conditions at the final transitions of the forming process, providing a given quality of the surfaces on the workpiece made of the appropriate material. At the same time, to describe most of the design procedures of the machining process, there are problems associated with the algorithm for choosing the solution method, the response function and the range of acceptable solutions at all stages of processing. In this paper, as an algorithm for solving the problem, we propose the use of the known method of extreme planning of the experiment, which allows to obtain a mathematical model of the investigated multifactorial process with incomplete knowledge of its optimization mechanism. In the process of implementation of this algorithm in real production conditions on the basis of a priori information, the research area was chosen and the main levels of factors and intervals of their variation in this area were established. Then a full factorial experiment was carried out and its results were processed on the basis of a linear polynomial taking into account linear effects and interaction effects. As a result of testing the polynomial confidence intervals were determined for all regression coefficients by four parallel experiments at the same values of factors. In the second phase, were evaluated the adequacy of most mathematical models of the Fisher test. In the end, the transition from the coded values of the factors in the mathematical model to their natural values was carried out. Using the final model with natural values of the factors, a numerical experiment was conducted, which determined the optimum region with the most unfavorable treatment mode. Such a study allows to simplify the procedure for assigning the processing mode of the workpiece at the final stage in the conditions of the current production, while ensuring the specified quality of the machined surfaces and maintaining the productivity of the forming process. This technique is the subject of consideration in this work.
INFLUENCE OF TOOL TILT ANGLE ON THE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS OF FRICTION STIR WELDING
Authors: Shachnev S. Yu. , Larin G. G.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the one of the features of choosing the technical parameters of regime of friction stir welding. The tool tilt angle is the object of research. This parameter underlies the mechanism of the formation of welding joints. The methodology and the experiment’s results of determining the influence of the tool tilt angle from the power and thermal characteristics of the process of friction stir welding are presented in this work. Also there is a presentation of the results of the welded joints’ studies which were done by the non-destructive and destructive methods of control. The dependency of the tool tilt angle from the power and the temperature in the welding zone is defined on the basis of the received results.