bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre- and apnoeic high-flow oxygenation for rapid sequence intubation
in the emergency department (the Pre-AeRATE trial): A multicentre
randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chua Mui Teng , Ng Wei Ming , Lu Qingshu , Low Matthew Jian Wen , Punyadasa Amila , Cove Matthew Edward , Yau Ying Wei , Khan Faheem Ahmed , Kuan Win Sen
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Evidence regarding the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygenation for
preoxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation is conflicting. Our objective is to evaluate whether HFNC
oxygenation for preoxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation maintains higher oxygen saturation (SpO2)
during rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in ED patients compared to usual care.
Methods: This was a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in adult ED patients
requiring RSI. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to either intervention (HFNC oxygenation at
60L/min) group or control (non-rebreather mask for preoxygenation and nasal prongs of at least 15L/
min oxygen flow for apnoeic oxygenation) group. Primary outcome was lowest SpO2 during the first
intubation attempt. Secondary outcomes included incidence of SpO2 falling below 90% and safe
apnoea time.
Results: One hundred and ninety patients were included, with 97 in the intervention and 93 in the
control group. Median lowest SpO2 during the first intubation attempt was 100% in both groups. Incidence
of SpO2 falling below 90% was lower in the intervention group (15.5%) compared to the control group
(22.6%) (adjusted relative risk=0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–1.25). Post hoc quantile
regression analysis showed that the first quartile of lowest SpO2 during the first intubation attempt
was greater by 5.46% (95% CI 1.48–9.45%, P=0.007) in the intervention group.
Conclusions: Use of HFNC for preoxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation, when compared to usual
care, did not improve lowest SpO2 during the first intubation attempt but may prolong safe apnoea time.

Keywords: Airway management, apnoeic oxygenation, high-flow nasal oxygenation, preoxygenation,
rapid sequence intubation
Throughput Analysis for Manufacturing Serial Systems using Discrete-Event Simulation and Analytical Calculation
Authors: Vanasarla Hema , Tang Herman
Published: March 2022

In this paper, throughput analysis is studied by employing different industrial factors like reliability, buffer system, cycle time, and production time in the manufacturing workstation's layout. The research investigates the variations in throughput with both DES simulation and analytical methods by allocating different inputs. The results of analytical calculations and DES model throughputs are close, which explains the framework applying the production line cases that are proved effective to the system reliability challenge of serial manufacturing for increasing performance. The different inputs are selected based upon the real manufacturing layouts.
A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR POST-ACUTE SEQUELAE OF SARS CoV-2 INFECTION
Authors: Jason Leonard A. , Islam Mohammed F.
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to contribute to the development of a research case definition for post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection (PASC) using a PASC data set and experiences from case definitions developed for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).  Our database included patients with PASC who provided self-report symptomology during the onset of infection and the time of survey completion (post-infection).  We found that we could distinguish between those with mild, moderate, and severe PASC.  Regarding the proportion meeting an ME/CFS case definition, we found 0% in the mildly impaired group, 30.6% to 62.6% in the moderately impaired group, and 74.3% to 89.0% in the severely impaired group. Based on these preliminary data, we propose a 5-part classification system for PASC.  Axis 1 involves the variant of the COVID infection and the type of documentation of the infection. Axis 2 involves the time elapsed since infection. Axis 3 involves the type of medical collateral damage to different organs. Axis 4 involves functional impairment classified into three categories: mild, moderate, or severe.  Finally, Axis 5 is the identified symptoms. Finally, if the patient has been sick for 6 or more months, it is important to determine whether the person has met the ME/CFS criteria.  This proposed 5-part classification system for PASC might bring considerable clarity to diagnosing PASC.
HOSPITAL-MEDIA RELATIONSHIP AND PATIENTS’ PRIVACY: CODIFYING THE ETHICAL GUIDELINE
Authors: Salari Pooneh , Noroozi Mahshad , Parsapour Alireza
Published: March 2022

The hospital-media relationship could be mutually beneficial. Appealing to maximum readers and surviving in business are priorities in journalism. Without adherence to an ethical framework and main ethical principles including privacy and confidentiality, some detrimental impacts may occur. Thus, we aimed at codifying an ethical guideline for hospital-media relationship in Iran to maintain a proper and ethical relationship by emphasizing on patients’ privacy and confidentiality. The study was performed using the qualitative approach in two phases. The current policies and relevant reports in the literature were reviewed and their contents were analyzed. Subsequently, the first draft of the guideline was codified which was followed by the second phase in which the draft was finalized by two focus groups. Finally, a draft of an ethical guideline consisting of 79 articles in 6 themes was developed including the general principles, work flow in hospital-media relationship, duties of hospital representative, physicians’ guide, media guide, and patients’ guide. The guideline focuses on patients’ privacy, confidentiality and the privacy of the healthcare system in mutual hospital-media relationships. It is suggested that by implementing the guideline, the patients’ right would be respected and the public trust to the healthcare system will be fostered.
EL MARCO JURÍDICO APLICABLE A LA TELEVISIÓN PÚBLICA EN CANADÁ
Authors: BRAËN ANDRÉ
Published: March 2022

El marco jurídico aplicable a la televisión pública en Canadá así como su financiación han sufrido en los últimos tiempos profundas transformaciones. Este artículo explica el sistema de radiotelevisión pública en Canadá así como sus peculiaridades más significativas fruto de las especificidades del propio país (comunidades con distintas lenguas, la vasta extensión del territorio, la cercanía a los Estados Unidos).

Kanadan telebista publikoari aplikatu dakiokeen esparru juridikoan, baita bere finantzaketan ere, aldaketa sakonak egon dira azken aldi honetan. Artikulu honek Kanadako irrati-telebista publikoaren sistema azaltzen du, eta baita ere herrialdearen berezitasunek (hizkuntza desberdinak dituzten komunitateak egoteak, lurraldearen handitasunak, Estatu Batuetatik gertu egoteak) sistema horri ematen dizkioten ezaugarri esanguratsuen.

The legal framework of public television in Canada and its financing have been suffering deep transformations. This article explains the Canadian public broadcasting system together with its most significant peculiarities which are consequence of the uniquess of the country: communities with different languages, the vast extension of its territory, the proximity to the United States.
LA OBJETIVACIÓN DEL RECURSO DE AMPARO: UNA NECESIDAD INELUDIBLE
Authors: CARRILLO LÓPEZ MARC
Published: March 2022

La reforma del recurso de amparo contemplada en la L. O. 6/2007, de 24 de mayo, de reforma del Tribunal Constitucional, constituye una respuesta al riesgo de que la jurisdicción constitucional devenga un bien escaso, como ya advirtió en el pasado la doctrina alemana respecto del Tribunal de Karsluhe. La configuración del trámite de admisión del recurso como un juicio de admisibilidad en sentido positivo, la objetivación del amparo y la ampliación del ámbito material del incidente de nulidad de actuaciones del art. 241.1 (LOPJ), son elementos que pueden resultar positivos para evitar que la jurisdicción constitucional pierda su identidad. Pero la reforma obliga a un cambio en la lógica del juicio de constitucionalidad de los derechos fundamentales. Además, para que aquélla prospere, se precisa una revisión del sistema de tutela de los derechos por los tribunales ordinarios, al objeto de unificar los diversos procedimientos y una mejora de la justicia cautelar.

Konstituzio Auzitegiaren erreformari buruzko maiatzaren 24ko 6/2007 Lege Organikoak jasotzen duen babes-errekurtsoaren erreformaren helburu da jurisdikzio konstituzionala ondasun urria ez dadin bihur, eta horretaz Alemaniako doktrinak ohartarazi zuen Karsluheko Auzitegiari buruz lehenago ere. Jurisdikzio konstituzionalak bere nortasuna gal ez dezan honako elementu hauek positiboak gerta daitezke: errekurtsoa izapidetzeko onarpena aldeko onargarritasun-iritzitzat jotzea, babesa modu objektiboan hartzea, eta 241. 1 (BJLO) artikuluko jardunen deuseztasunaren intzidentearen gai-eremua zabaltzea Baina erreformak oinarrizko eskubideen konstituzio-epaiketaren logikan aldaketa bat eskatzen du. Gainera, hark aurrera egin dezan, auzitegi arrunten eskubideen tutoretzaren sistema berraztertu behar da, prozedurak bateratze aldera, eta kautelazko justizia hobetzeko.

The reform of the appeal for Constitutional right¿s legal protection (amparo) contemplated in the L. O. 6/2007, of 24 of May, of reform of the Constitutional Court, it constitutes an answer to the risk of the constitutional jurisdiction being entitled to a scarce good, as it already noticed in the past the German doctrine as for the Court of Karsluhe. The configuration of the formality of admission of the appeal as a judgment of admissibility in positive meaning, the objectivation of the protection and the enlargement of the material area of the incident of nullity of performances of the art. 241.1 (LOPJ), are elements that can be positive to avoid that the constitutional jurisdiction loses its identity. But the reform obliges to a change in the logic
of the judgment of constitutionality of the basic rights. Besides, so that prospers, a revision of the system of protection of the laws is needed by the ordinary courts, to the object of unifying the different procedures and an improvement of the precautionary justice.
LOS SUPUESTOS DE EXENCIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD DE LOS TITULARES DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A LA LEGISLACIÓN DEL PAÍS VASCO
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ HERNÁNDEZ MARÍA JOSÉ , PÉREZ DAPENA IGNACIO
Published: March 2022

El artículo analiza diversas cuestiones relativas al régimen jurídico de los suelos contaminados y en particular a los supuestos en los que sus titulares deben asumir las operaciones de limpieza y recuperación y el alcance temporal de esta obligación. Al no ser la regulación legal lo suficientemente clara, son muchas las dudas planteadas en la práctica y las opiniones doctrinales contrapuestas. Sin embargo, existen recientes normas autonómicas, como
las dictadas en el País Vasco, que han suavizado el rigor de la legislación estatal al introducir importantes matizaciones a la obligación de los propietarios de asumir las operaciones de recuperación cuando la contaminación proceda de actividades realizadas en el pasado bajo la preceptiva licencia o conforme al estado de la ciencia entonces existente. Esta tendencia se ha visto confirmada por la Ley de Responsabilidad Medioambiental, cuyo ámbito de aplicación es parcialmente coincidente con el de la regulación de los suelos contaminados.

Lan honek kutsatutako lurzoruen araubide jurudikoaren inguruko zenbait gai aztertzen du, bereziki, kutsatutako lurzoru horien titular diren pertsonek garbiketa eta berreskuraketa lanak bere gain hartu behar dituzten kasuak eta betebehar horren denbora edukia. Legezko araubidea ez denez desiragarria litzatekeen bezain argia, asko dira praktikan sortutako zalantzak eta asko ere bai doktrinaren iritzi kontrajarriak. Halaber, azkenaldian ugari dira erkidego mailako arauak, besteak beste Euskal Herrian emandakoak, arestian lizentzia baten babespean edota orduko zientziaren egoerarekin bat etorriz buruturiko jardueren ondorioz jabeek bere gain hartu behar dituzten berreskuratze lanak egiteko betebeharra ezartzen duen
estatuko araudiaren zorroztasuna leundu dutenak. Kutsatutako lurzoruen araudiarekin partzialki bat datorren Ingurugiroaren arloko Erantzunkizuna ezartzen duen Legea berriak joera hori berretsi du.

The article analyzes several aspects of the regulation of contaminated land and, in particular, the situations in which owners must carry out cleaning and recovery tasks and the temporal scope of these obligations. The lack of clarity in the regulations has raised many questions and opened various debates. However, recently passed regional legislation, such as that of the Basque Country, has reduced the severity of the State legislation by introducing important modifications to owners¿ clean-up obligations when the contamination has been caused by activities that were carried out under license or were «state of the art» at that time. This tendency has been confirmed by the Environmental Liability Law, which also applies to
some of the matters regulated by the legislation on contaminated land.
US Foreign Policy Goals in the Middle East between 2011 and 2021
Authors: Khidhir Zainaddin M.
Published: March 2022

Since the end of World War II, the United States’ interests in the Middle East have intensified rapidly, and this presence continues today in response to a variety of economic and security concerns. Following the 2011 Arab uprisings and the Iraqi regime change, US foreign policy has pursued several transformative agendas against some of its traditional allies, apparently contradicting Washington’s longstanding defence of the regional status quo. This has caused levels of uncertainty among regional players about what to expect from the United States. The present study highlights the US foreign policy goals in the Middle East between 2011 and 2021, which includes upholding US military bases in the Gulf countries, supporting client-states and other friendly states, providing support and protection to Israel’s sovereignty, maintaining strategic access to oil in the Gulf countries, and battling Islamic movements and terrorist groups (such as Hamas, Al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)). In addition, the study also focuses on other crucial aspects that might affect the United States and their regional allies’ interests in the regime. To explore US foreign policy decisions and actions between the years 2011 and 2021, data was collected through structured interviews and online secondary data sources. The data was reviewed and analysed to look at the sociopolitical, historical, and economic factors at work in the Middle East. The theoretical analysis uses a descriptive approach as to how the changes in the period after 2011 have influenced American foreign policy in the Middle East. The findings illustrate that terrorism, civil wars, and instability in the Middle East have had significant influence on the United States’ economic, national security, and diplomatic interests in the region. Maintaining strong ties with allies and comprehending the nature of conflicts is critical to attaining the US foreign policy objectives in the Middle East. This research study serves as a reference guide for scholars, policy analysts, and practitioners by examining to what extent the relationship between the US and the Middle East has changed.
Median arcuate ligament syndrome noticed during pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Usta Sertaç , Karabulut Koray , Artaş Hakan
Published: March 2022

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) occurs as a result of compression of the celiac artery by a fibrous band called the median ligament, which originates from the diaphragmatic crus. The prevalence of MALS has been reported as 10-24% among patients. The etiology is not clear. The components of the clinical triad are a chronic post-prandial pain, epigastric murmur and weight loss. Diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings. MALS has been reported in a small portion of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Most of the patients have been diagnosed prior to surgery.
Mecanismos de auditoria e gerenciamento de resultados contábeis
Authors: Medeiros Jislene Trindade , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho
Published: March 2022

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência dos mecanismos de auditoria no gerenciamento de resultados contábeis. A investigação reúne dados de 142 empresas não financeiras participantes da carteira do Índice de Ações com Governança Corporativa Diferenciada da B3, no período de 2011 a 2017. A estatística descritiva das métricas de gerenciamento de resultados (accruals discricionários, o nível anormal das atividades reais e o resultado contábil anormal) sinaliza que os accruals discricionários é a medida que mais contribui para a redução da qualidade das informações contábeis. A partir de regressões múltiplas com dados em painel e pelo método de regressão quantílica, verificou-se que os mecanismos de auditoria melhoram a qualidade das informações contábeis e que a existência de órgãos de auditoria interna e controle interno, tidos como mecanismos internos de governança corporativa, não são eficientes em inibir a adoção de estratégias de gerenciamento de resultados por mudança de classificação, para a amostra e período investigados.
Como atua um controller business partner? Estudo baseado em práticas do mercado
Authors: Alves Carmen Ferrari Lucas , Parisi Claudio , Oyadomari José Carlos Tiomatsu , Peleias Ivam Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivoconhecer a forma de atuação de controllers considerados Business Partners. A lacuna a preencher vem do debate sobre a transformação do controller tradicional em business partner, e procura evidenciar se as novas atuações reforçam o modelo tradicional, ou se de fato é possível identificar um novo perfil de profissional; caso confirmado, o que o diferencia do primeiro perfil. A contribuição prática traz evidências sobre a forma de atuação dos controllers BP, e a contribuição teórica reforça o estudo de Weber (2011) sobre os estágios da controladoria. Sete profissionais business partners foram entrevistados, tendo como base um roteiro semiestruturado. Identificou-se a participação ativa dos profissionais nos ganhos das organizações, interagindo com as áreas operacionais e de negócios, e atuando como interlocutores para identificar oportunidades e riscos nas decisões. Destacam-se habilidades e competências como comunicação, senso crítico, visão holística, e construção de alianças.
KESELAMATAN SOCIETAL DAN ISU KALIMAH ALLAH DI MALAYSIA
Authors: Pg Alli Rahman Dgku Siti Noraini , Dollah Ramli , Peters Diana
Published: March 2022

Sejak Perang Dingin tamat, kajian keselamatan mengalami perubahan apabila ia tidak lagi menumpukan kajian keselamatan tradisional semata-mata, tetapi turut memasukkan isu-isu keselamatan bukan tradisional. Perubahan ini selari dengan debat dan proses broadening dan deepening yang berlaku dalam kalangan sarjana kajian keselamatan, iaitu fokus keselamatan tidak hanya tertumpu kepada negara semata-mata. Oleh itu, istilah keselamatan sentiasa menjadi isu perdebatan para sarjana keselamatan yang mana melibatkan persoalan bagaimana memahami konsep keselamatan. Dalam hal ini, kemunculan konsep keselamatan societal yang menjelaskan bagaimana identiti sesuatu kumpulan masyarakat menjadi isu keselamatan. Dalam hal ini, kajian ini membincangkan konsep keselamatan societal dengan melihat bagaimana isu kalimah Allah yang merujuk kepada â€˜Tuhanâ€™ telah menjadi perebutan di antara penganut agama Islam dan Kristian di Malaysia dan telah menjadi isu keselamatan. Kedua-dua kumpulan menyatakan bahawa mereka mempunyai hak menggunakan kalimah tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, untuk tujuan perbincangan, artikel hanya memfokuskan perbincangan kepada respons dan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Melayu-Islam dalam mempertahankan hak eksklusif mereka untuk menggunakan kalimah Allah.
 
Since the end of the Cold War, security studies have changed not only focusing on traditional security issue alone but also including non-traditional security issues. This is in line with the debate and the process of broadening and deepening the issues of security it is no longer confined to just security of the state among the scholars in security where the focus of security is not confined to the state. Therefore, the concept of security has increasingly become a frequent debate among scholars. One such instance is the emergence of the concept of societal security, as an explanation of how the identity of a group of people becomes a security issue. This paper discusses the concept of societal security by focusing on how the issue of the word Allah (Kalimah Allah), which is referred to God, has become a competition between Muslims and Christians in Malaysia and therefore has become a security issue. Both groups claim that they are within their rights to use the word of Allah. For the purpose of this discussion, this paper will only focus on the responses and actions taken by the Malay-Muslim community in defending their exclusive right to use the word Allah.
Autobiografi Sebagi Sumber Pensejarahan Moden: Peranan Dan Ketokohan Datoâ€™ Bentara Luar Dalam Sejarah Dan Pensejarahan Johor Moden
Authors: Tang Abdullah A Rahman
Published: March 2022

Makalah ini membincangkan nilai kesejarahan autobiografi Datoâ€™ Bentara Luar Mohammed Salleh bin Perang dalam sejarah dan pensejarahan Johor moden. Secara umumnya, tokoh ini bukan sahaja penting dari aspek sejarah Johor moden itu sendiri, tetapi juga dalam aspek penulisan beliau yang terserlah dalam beberapa penulisan yang bercorak autobiografi. Hasil karya beliau masih boleh digolongkan sebagai karya sastera secara umum walaupun karyanya lebih berbentuk autobiografi. Namun begitu, para sejarawan lebih tertarik oleh nilai sejarahanya kerana mengandungi aspek pensejarahan negeri tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, makalah ini berfokus kepada aspek-aspek perbincangan latar belakang atau riwayat hidup beliau, tinjauan tentang karya-karya penulisan beliau yang telah dikumpulkan dalam satu jilid yang berjudul Tawarikh Datoâ€™ Bentara Luar dan penilaian para sarjana tentang ketokohan beliau sebagai seorang penulis. Bagi tujuan tersebut, makalah ini akan menerapkan aspek filologi dan sejarah secara umum serta memasukkan kajian perbandingan tekstual bagi menguji nilai kesejarahannya.
Impak Aktiviti Pembangunan Terhadap Trend Kekerapan Dan Magnitud Banjir Di Lembangan Sungai Menggatal, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Authors: Jafar Adi , Mapa Mohammad Tahir , Sakke Nordin
Published: March 2022

Punca kejadian banjir di sesebuah lembangan saliran adalah disebabkan oleh ketidakupayaan alur sungai untuk menampung pertambahan input luahan yang berterusan pada satu-satu masa. Kejadian seperti ini terhasil apabila berlaku perubahan guna tanah akibat peningkatan kegiatan pembangunan yang pesat di sesuatu kawasan. Lembangan Sungai Menggatal adalah antara lembangan sungai yang tidak terlepas daripada proses perubahan guna tanah. Aktiviti pembangunan di lembangan tersebut giat dijalankan sejak tahun 2000 hingga kini. Implikasi daripada kegiatan ini boleh mengakibatkan berlakunya peningkatan fenomena banjir kilat. Hal ini disebabkan aktiviti pembangunan telah mengakibatkan perubahan ciri-ciri guna tanah yang secara tidak langsung telah mengganggu sistem hidrologi lembangan tersebut. Oleh itu, dua objektif kajian telah disasarkan, iaitu mengenal pasti kesan aktiviti pembangunan terhadap kejadian banjir di Lembangan Sungai Menggatal dan mengenal pasti langkah mitigasi yang telah dilaksanakan berdasarkan tempoh masa penggunaannya. Bagi mencapai objektif yang telah ditetapkan, beberapa jenis kaedah kajian telah digunakan. Kaedah tersebut merangkumi kerja lapangan, pemerhatian, kaedah tinjauan, analisis GIS dan analisis rational method. Hasil analisis GIS menunjukkan wujudnya perubahan jenis guna tanah hutan kepada jenis guna tanah bukan hutan seperti guna tanah bandar dan kawasan terbuka. Dapatan ini adalah berdasarkan kajian perbandingan dalam tempoh sepuluh tahun (1998 â€“ 2008). Didapati perubahan tersebut telah menyebabkan berlakunya peningkatan pada tepu bina lembangan, penyahutanan, hakisan dan pemendapan. Selain itu, hasil kajian yang diperoleh daripada kaedah tinjauan mendapati terdapat sembilan jenis kaedah mitigasi banjir telah dijalankan. Lima daripadanya adalah pengurusan oleh kerajaan, sementara selebihnya adalah daripada penduduk kampung.
Penilaian Faktor-faktor Kesenjangan Etnik Di Malaysia Sebagai Penghalang Perpaduan Nasional
Authors: Selamat Aszlan , Safarudin Mohamad Iszuan
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini membincangkan tentang sejarah pembentukan masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia dan isu kesenjangan etnik dari segi politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Perbincangan diasaskan kepada ketidakupayaan gerakan kemerdekaan untuk menjadikan masyarakat Malaysia sebagai bangsa Malaysia yang diidamkan di sebalik kejayaan mengambil alih kuasa dan menyingkirkan penjajah. Kupasan menjurus kepada kepelbagaian yang menjadikan Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara unik yang harus dibanggakan. Namun, kepelbagaian ini juga menyebabkan timbulnya pendapat bahawa ia adalah masalah yang menjadi penghalang kepada perpaduan dan pembentukan nasion Malaysia. Pembinaan nasion Malaysia atau bangsa Malaysia memerlukan masa yang agak panjang dengan persekitaran politik, ekonomi dan sosial yang positif mendorong kepada proses pembinaan bangsa tersebut. Kepelbagaian ini harus dilihat sebagai sesuatu yang melambangkan identiti kita sebagai sebuah rakyat Malaysia dan bukannya sebagai masalah. Ia haruslah diakui dan dihormati bagi membentuk sebuah masyarakat Malaysia, iaitu setiap anggota masyarakat merasakan bahawa negara ini adalah untuk semua. Dengan wujudnya perasaan sedemikian, tidak mustahil nasion Malaysia akan dibentuk dengan jayanya suatu hari nanti berasaskan usaha yang berterusan.
PENGLIBATAN PEKERJA KURANG UPAYA DALAM PROGRAM RETURN TO WORK (RTW), PERKESO
Authors: SIMA NUR AZIYAN , JEMON SALMIE
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK

Kembali bekerja bagi pekerja kurang upaya bukanlah mudah disebabkan oleh beberapa perkara. Antaranya ialah pandangan daripada pihak majikan, kemampuan mereka yang terhad dan keinginan mereka untuk bangkit semula selepas mengalami ketidakupayaan disebabkan kemalangan dan masalah kesihatan. Bagi membantu mereka mengatasi halangan tersebut, pihak Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial (PERKESO) telah memperkenalkan Program Return To Work (RTW). Program ini bertujuan untuk membantu menguruskan penempatan pekerjaan bagi pekerja kurang upaya, sama ada kekal dengan majikan lama mahu pun kepada majikan yang baharu mengikut kesesuaian keadaan fizikal dan menguruskan rawatan penyembuhan. Di samping itu, Program RTW ini dapat menyediakan peluang pekerjaan bagi pekerja kurang upaya. Program RTW ini secara tidak langsung dapat membuka peluang baharu untuk mereka terus bekerja. Hasil kajian pengkaji-pengkaji lepas dalam dan luar negara menunjukkan bahawa mereka ini adalah golongan yang hidup dalam kemiskinan disebabkan tidak mempunyai sumber pendapatan yang tetap. Adakah perkara ini merupakan faktor utama untuk mereka kembali bekerja? Berdasarkan dapatan terhadap beberapa organisasi terpilih di Kota Kinabalu, pekerja kurang upaya ingin kembali bekerja adalah disebabkan tujuh faktor utama iaitu pendapatan, penyesuaian kerja dengan keadaan fizikal, sikap, kesihatan, polisi tempat kerja, kemudahan fizikal di tempat kerja dan hubungan di tempat kerja. Artikel ini akan mengupas setiap faktor pekerja kurang upaya mengikuti program RTW untuk kembali bekerja.

 ABSTRACT

Return to work for disabled workers is not an easy thing to do for some reasons. Among them are the views of employers, their limited abilities and their desire to rise again after experiencing disability due to accidents and health problems. To help them cope with the obstacles, the PERKESO has introduced the Return To Work (RTW) program. The RTW program aims to help manage the placement of jobs for disabled people whether they want to stay with the previous employer or to the new employer according to their physical suitability and healing treatment management. Apart from that, through the RTW Program, job opportunities are provided for disabled people. Therefore, this RTW program is perceived to indirectly create new opportunities for them to continue working. The findings of previous researches from local and abroad indicate that these people are living in poverty because they have no fixed source of income. Is this a major factor for them to return to work? Based on the research findings on selected organizations in Kota Kinabalu, the disabled workers are ready to return to work due to seven key factors namely income, work adaptation with physical conditions, attitudes, health, workplace policies, physical facilities at work and workplace relationships. This paper will examine every factor of the disabled worker following the RTW program to return to work.
Gebürstet und fair vergütet
Authors: Vetter Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Bei der Verbrauchermarke „Du bist hier der Chef!“ entscheiden sich Umfrageteilnehmer für hohe Kartoffelqualität zu entsprechenden Preisen. Das endgültige Ergebnis verzögert sich jedoch.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR, CORPO E SAÚDE
Authors: Maldonado Daniel Teixeira
Published: March 2022

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever e analisar como que os docentes de Educação Física estão problematizando temas relacionados com o corpo e a saúde além dos determinantes biológicos. Foram analisados 18 relatos de experiências educativas, publicados entre os anos 2009 e 2019, em um periódico científico e 10 livros. A interpretação dos dados foi realizada por meio da análise cultural. Esses docentes organizaram práticas político-pedagógicas debatendo e refletindo com os estudantes sobre temas como padrão de beleza, conceitos ampliados de saúde e qualidade de vida, a diversidade cultural nos corpos dos sujeitos, as representações que crianças, idosos, adultos, adolescentes e pessoas com deficiência produzem ao vivenciar as práticas corporais e os discursos naturalizados que apenas alguns corpos podem participar de determinadas manifestações da cultura corporal. Concluímos que as Ciências Humanas remodelaram a problematização sobre temas relacionados com o corpo e a saúde nas aulas de Educação Física.
Guerra y deshumanización
Authors: Samayoa Joaquín
Published: March 2022

En algunos casos contados ha prevalecido el principio de humanización en la guerra. Sin embargo, este principio no ha ido más allá de intentar poner límites a las formas más visibles, y grotescas de deshumanización. Lamentablemente, en la guerra han ocurrido también otras formas mucho menos evidentes de deshumanización cuyos efectos sociales serán por mucho tiempo un obstáculo considerable para la convivencia. En este artículo se aborda el problema de la deshumanización como un obstáculo considerable para lograr una paz justa y estable. Es una primera aproximación fundada en observaciones no controladas y en deducciones teóricas. El trabajo sugiere algunas variables relevantes y plantea su interacción a manera de hipótesis explicativa del fenómeno de deshumanización.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 42, No. 461, 1987: 213-225.
Marzo
Authors: El Editor
Published: March 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 42, No. 461, 1987: 255-260.
A field-study of the use and understanding of umqalothi (Strychnos henningsii) by traditional healers in KZN and its relationship to the homoeopathic proving of the substance
Authors:   , Mdima Sihle Velenkosini
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the understanding and utilization of Strychnos henningsii (umqalothi, Red bitterberry) by Zulu traditional healers and the signs and symptoms induced by the thirtieth centesimal potency (30CH) homoeopathic dilution of the crude substance in a previously conducted triple-blind placebo-controlled homoeopathic proving. Methodology The study was carried out in four dispersed areas of KZN (Harding, Durban, Weenen and Melmoth). From each area one isangoma and one inyanga were interviewed, resulting in eight interviews. All visits were conducted by the researcher, who acted as principal communicator and translator, and his supervisor, who assisted him by doing live video recording of all interviews. The methodology employed was that of qualitative interviewing using semi-structured interviews. Each video was transcribed into Zulu text and subsequently translated to English text by the researcher and his supervisor. The data obtained from the interviews was then compared to data obtained from the previously conducted homoeopathic proving of Strychnos henningsii 30CH in order to evaluate the overlap between the traditional and the homoeopathic approach to utilisation of the plant. Results After comparison, it was found that there was an overlap in the gastro-intestinal system, cardio-vascular system, respiratory system and female/male genito-urinary system and in some mental symptoms. v However, there were no overlaps found in traditional usage of the plant as an antisnake venom, and in the proving symptoms related to scalp, hair, eyes, ear, nose, face, mouth, teeth and throat. Conclusion After comparison between the understanding and utilization of Strychnos henningsii by Zulu traditional healers and the signs and symptoms induced by the proving of Strychnos henningssi 30CH, it was concluded that while there are certain overlaps, the homoeopathic proving produced a wider range of symptoms which may either serve to extend the traditional use, or overlap with existing traditional use not exposed within the scope of this study. Interviews with a greater number of traditional healers in a wider geographic area may reveal a closer correlation between homoeopathic proving symptoms and patterns of use by traditional healers.
An epidemiological investigation of low back pain in the white population of the greater eThekwini metropolitan area
Authors:   , Dyer Brinique Ann
Published: March 2022

Background: Previous investigations on the epidemiology of low back pain (LBP) in South Africa where limited to black, indian and coloured populations to the exclusion of whites. Thus the aim of this study was to determine a LBP profile and an overview of risk factors in the white population in the eThekwini metropolitan area. Objectives: These included documenting the point, period and lifetime prevalence of LBP, describing the characteristics of LBP, identifying the risk factors of LBP and assessing the effect on activities of daily living in the white population in the greater eThekwini metropolitan area. Method: The three most densely populated white suburbs in the greater eThekwini metropolitan were chosen and classified according to income potential (high/middle/low income) to ensure a balanced sample. Six hundred white participants were used in the study having 200 white participants in each suburb. Statistical Program for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 was used to analyse the data. Results: The prevalence of LBP was recorded as follows: lifetime prevalence (48%), period prevalence from 0-3 months (21.3%), 6-12 months (18.3%), LBP longer than 12 months (7.8%) and lastly point prevalence was recorded at 34%. All prevalences were notably lower than international and previously published African norms. The majority of the participants who reported current LBP stated that their pain was moderate (54.3%) [only 14.9% had severe pain]. The worst pain occurred in the evening. Non-progression of LBP was reported by most participants (41%), while some participants reported worsening (35.2%) and only (18%) were getting better. Current pain with mild disability was most frequent at 51.8%, often associated with bending and lifting, which were reported as the highest offenders for causing LBP. Only 16.8% of all participants had to stay away from work due to LBP for any period. The demographics of the sample indicated that age had significant difference in predisposing to LBP (the high income (highest age) verse low income (lowest age)). The gender distribution showed higher prevalence of LBP in females (53.3%) and males (46.7%). The factors associated with LBP predisposition in some instances were at odds with the prevailing literature, indicating that further research is required on white population group in Africa.
Tentamen Suicidi as a Neuropsychiatric Syndrome in Severe COVID-19 Intensive Care Patient with Respiratory Failure: Serial Cases
Authors: Santika Suparno Adi , Rehatta Nancy Margarita , Sumartono Christrijogo
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 is pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, that can cause morbidity and mortality in critical patients in the COVID-specific Intensive Care Unit (RICU). Tentamen suicidi is one of the severe neuropsychiatric syndromes which can aggravate the condition of patients with acute respiratory failure. We present 3 cases of patients with suicide trials in severe COVID-19 pneumonia accompanied by acute respiratory failure. Patients with tentamen suicidi experience a gradual worsening of the condition. This complication, especially tentamen suicidi is not well recognized at the beginning of treatment. The conclusion of these serial cases is that tentamen suicidi is one of the severe neuropsychiatric syndromes in a COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. Early recognition and clinical management of neuropsychiatric syndrome symptoms in COVID-19 pneumonia patients with acute respiratory failure who are intensively treated at the RICU can reduce the risk of morbidity, mortality and improve patient outcomes.
ЗАХАР МИКИТОВИЧ СИЗОНЕНКО: БІОГРАФІЯ, ТВОРЧИЙ ШЛЯХ, СПАДЩИНА
Authors: Павленко Руслан
Published: March 2022

в статі представлена стисла характеристика ключових моментів з нарису про життя і творчість єдиного збирача танцювального фольклору Запорізького краю Захара Микитовича Сизоненка. Окреслена цінність навчального видання Віктора Анатольовича Чміля «Танці Запорізького краю в обробці З. Сизоненка».
EFFECTS OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY, ELECTRO PHOTONIC IMAGING TECHNIQUE ON STRESS LEVEL AND MENTAL TOUGHNESS ON LATVIAN TAEKWONDO ATHLETES
Authors: Boobani Behnam , Grants Juris , Boge Iveta
Published: March 2022

Research investigating sources of stress in athletes has identified physical, social, environmental, general life and secondary (emotional/cognitive/goal oriented) events which cumulatively and interactively contribute to allostatic load. The purpose of this study is 1) to compare measurements made with an Electro Photonic Imaging (EPI) technique before and after an outdoor recreation activity on Taekwondo athletes’ stress level, and 2) to find out the effects of outdoor activity on mental toughness in Taekwondo athletes. Forty Taekwondo athletes who will volunteer to participate in the research (15-19 years old, at least for 2 years have participated in national or international competitions) for 5 weeks walking (3 sessions per week /40 minutes) in the nature, in pre-competition phase will be selected. The current athletes’ stress level and mental toughness will be assessed by Bio-Well pro 2.0 camera and the mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ). In the procession and analysis of the results MS. Excel software and methods of descriptive statistics will be used. Methods are based on scientific literature review of outdoor activities, questionnaire, and then using statistical analysis. The results and conclusion of the study will be according to the analysis.
Impacts of condensable particulate matter on atmospheric organic aerosols and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China
Authors: Li Mengying , Yu Shaocai , Chen Xue , Li Zhen , Zhang Yibo , Song Zhe , Liu Weiping , Li Pengfei , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Meigen , Sun Yele , Liu Zirui , Sun Caiping , Jiang Jingkun , Wang Shuxiao , Murphy Benjamin , Alapaty Kiran , Mathur Rohit , Rosenfeld Daniel , Seinfeld John
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Condensable particulate matter (CPM) emitted from stationary combustion and mobile sources exhibits high emissions and a large proportion of organic components. However, CPM is not generally measured when conducting emission surveys of PM in most countries, including China. Consequently, previous emission inventories have not included emission rates for CPM. Here we construct an emission inventory of CPM in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OA) based on collected CPM emission information. Results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold after the inclusion of CPM in a new China inventory for the years 2014 and 2017. Considering organic CPM emissions and model representations of secondary OA (SOA) formation from CPM, here a series of sensitivity cases have been simulated using the three-dimensional Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to estimate the contributions of CPM emissions to atmospheric OA and fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations in China. Compared with observations during a haze episode from October 14 to November 14, 2014, at a Beijing site, estimates of temporal average primary OA (POA) and SOA concentrations are greatly improved after including the CPM effects. These scenarios demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to POA (53 ~ 86 %), SOA (48 ~ 67 %), and total OA concentrations (50 ~ 78 %). Furthermore, contributions of CPM emissions to total OA concentrations were demonstrated over the major 2+26 cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH2+26 cities) in December 2018, with average contributions up to 55 %, 58 %, 60 %, and 57 % for Handan, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Dezhou, respectively. Correspondingly, the inclusion of CPM emissions also narrowed the gap between simulated and observed PM2.5 concentrations over the BTH2+26 cities. These results improve the simulation performance of atmospheric OA and PM2.5, and may provide important implications for the sources of OA.
Modelling atmospheric carbonyl sulfide using gross primary productivity to constrain vegetative uptake
Authors: Cartwright Michael P. , Pope Richard J. , Harrison Jeremy J. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Wilson Chris , Feng Wuhu , Moore David P. , Suntharalingam Parvadha
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We use the TOMCAT 3-D chemical transport model with a balanced flux inventory to simulate the global distribution of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS). This is compared with limb-sounding satellite observations made by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and surface flask measurements made worldwide at 14 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA-ESRL) sites. By scaling gross primary productivity (GPP) output from the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), we provide a new estimation of global OCS vegetative uptake. This is calculated by scaling GPP according to a leaf relative uptake (LRU) term, yielding a global yearly atmospheric uptake of approximately 629 Gg S, which is toward the lower estimates from recent studies. To compensate for this larger vegetative sink, we scale oceanic emissions of OCS up to an annual mean of 689 Gg S, focused over the tropical ocean region. We combine our OCS fluxes to derive a new inventory which was used in a TOMCAT simulation from 2004–2018 to allow and investigate the annual distribution and seasonality of OCS as well as long term comparisons with available measurements. The simulation matches satellite and surface observations to within their uncertainties in most instances. When compared to co-located ACE-FTS OCS profiles between 5 km and 30 km, the simulation remains within 5 % of the measurements throughout the majority of this region and lies within the standard deviation of these measurements. At the surface, the model captures background concentrations at most of the surface sites to within the maximum and minimum of the seasonal measurements. Compared to a control TOMCAT simulation using the existing Kettle et al. (2002) benchmark flux inventory, errors in the surface comparisons are reduced by as much as 57 %. Our new inventory reduces the average difference in the modelled seasonal amplitude compared to the surface measurements from ±40 % to ±34 %. Other key improvements include better representation of OCS seasonality at North Hemisphere continental sites, as well as a better match in background concentration at tropical Hawaiin sites.
Impacts of aerosol–photolysis interaction and aerosol–radiation feedback on surface-layer ozone in North China during multi-pollutant air pollution episodes
Authors: Yang Hao , Chen Lei , Liao Hong , Zhu Jia , Wang Wenjie , Li Xin
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We examined the impacts of aerosol–radiation interactions, including the effects of aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) and aerosol–radiation
feedback (ARF), on surface-layer ozone (O3) concentrations during four multi-pollutant air pollution episodes characterized by high O3 and PM2.5 levels during 28 July to 3 August 2014 (Episode1), 8–13 July 2015 (Episode2), 5–11 June 2016 (Episode3), and 28 June to 3 July 2017 (Episode4) in North China, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model embedded with an integrated process analysis scheme. Our results show that API and ARF reduced the daytime shortwave radiative fluxes at the surface by 92.4–102.9 W m−2 and increased daytime shortwave radiative fluxes in the atmosphere by 72.8–85.2 W m−2, as the values were averaged over the complex air pollution areas (CAPAs) in each of the four episodes. As a result, the stabilized atmosphere decreased the daytime planetary boundary layer height and 10 m wind speed by 129.0–249.0 m and 0.05–0.15 m s−1, respectively, in CAPAs in
the four episodes. Aerosols were simulated to reduce the daytime near-surface photolysis rates of J[NO2] and J[O1D] by 1.8 × 10−3–2.0 × 10−3 and 5.7 × 10−6–6.4 × 10−6 s−1,
respectively, in CAPAs in the four episodes. All of the four episodes show the same conclusion, which is that the reduction in O3 by API is larger than that by ARF. API (ARF) was simulated to change daytime surface-layer O3 concentrations by −8.5 ppb (parts per billion; −2.9 ppb), −10.3 ppb (−1.0 ppb), −9.1 ppb (−0.9 ppb), and −11.4 ppb (+0.7 ppb) in CAPAs of the four episodes, respectively. Process analysis indicated that the weakened O3 chemical production made the greatest contribution to API effect, while the reduced vertical mixing was the key process for ARF effect. Our conclusions suggest that future PM2.5 reductions may lead to
O3 increases due to the weakened aerosol–radiation interactions, which should be considered in air quality planning.