bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICOADS Release 2.5: extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive
Authors: Woodruff Scott D. , Worley Steven J. , Lubker Sandra J. , Ji Zaihua , Eric Freeman J. , Berry David I. , Brohan Philip , Kent Elizabeth C. , Reynolds Richard W. , Smith Shawn R. , Wilkinson Clive
Published: March 2010

Release 2.5 of the International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a major update (covering 1662–2007) of the world's most extensive surface marine meteorological data collection. Building on extensive national and international partnerships, many new and improved contributing datasets have been processed into a uniform format and combined with the previous Release 2.4. The new data range from early non‐instrumental ship observations to measurements initiated in the twentieth century from buoys and other automated platform types. Improvements to existing data include replacing preliminary Global Telecommunication System (GTS) receipts with more reliable, delayed mode reports for post‐1997 data, and in the processing and quality control (QC) of humidity observations. Over the entire period of record, spatial and temporal coverage has been enriched and data and metadata quality has been improved. Along with the observations, now updated monthly in near real time, Release 2.5 includes quality‐controlled monthly summary products for 2° latitude × 2° longitude (since 1800) and 1° × 1° boxes (since 1960), together with multiple options for access to the data and products. The measured and estimated data in Release 2.5 are subject to many technical changes, multiple archive sources, and historical events throughout the more than three‐century record. Some of these data characteristics are highlighted, including known unresolved errors and inhomogeneities, which may impact climate and other research applications. Anticipated future directions for ICOADS aim to continue adding scientific value to the observations, products, and metadata, as well as strengthen the cooperative enterprise through expanded linkages to international initiatives and organisations. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Intercomparison of historical sea surface temperature datasets
Authors: Yasunaka Sayaka , Hanawa Kimio
Published: March 2010

Seven historical sea surface temperature (SST) datasets are compared with each other: the Hadley Center sea ice and SST dataset (HadISST), version 1; the centennial in situ observation‐based estimate of SSTs (COBE); the extended reconstruction of global SST (ERSST), version 3; the optimal smoothing analysis by the Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO); the monthly summaries of the International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set Release 2.1 (ICOADS); the second Hadley Center SST (HadSST); and SSTs by the authors at Tohoku University (TOHOKU). Differences in 30‐year climatologies and standard deviations of anomalies from the climatologies exist, especially in observation‐sparse areas and periods. Correlation among the datasets mainly depends on the number of observational data. Global means from all datasets are consistent with each other except for those from ICOADS. Signals of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) correlate highly with each other after 1880, although the durations and intensities of each event are different. Temporal variations of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) correspond well after 1950, become gradually worse backward in time and are scattered before 1880. These differences are ascribed to the use of different interpolation methods for missing grids, treatments of satellite‐derived data, instrumental bias correction methods and other factors. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in three Greek patients with a common ancestral mutation
Authors: Pons Roser , Serrano Mercedes , Ormazabal Aida , Toma Claudio , Garcia‐Cazorla Angels , Area Estela , Ribasés Marta , Kanavakis Emmanuel , Drakaki Kaliopi , Giannakopoulos Aristotelis , Orfanou Irene , Youroukos Sotiris , Cormand Bru , Artuch Rafael
Published: March 2010

We present the clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings of three Greek patients with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency. All patients presented with a severe clinical phenotype characterized by prominent motor delay, infantile parkinsonism, oculogyric crises, and signs of autonomic dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis disclosed reduced dopamine metabolites and normal pterins. Response to levodopa was favorable though not dramatic. All patients were homozygous for a previously reported mutation (p.L236P). SNP haplotype analysis was consistent with a common ancestral mutation, thus indicating a founder effect in Greek patients with TH deficiency. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Cathepsin B activity is related to the quality of bovine cumulus oocyte complexes and its inhibition can improve their developmental competence
Authors: Balboula A.Z. , Yamanaka K. , Sakatani M. , Hegab A.O. , Zaabel S.M. , Takahashi M.
Published: March 2010

Recently, the quantity of cathepsin transcripts in cumulus cells was found to be associated with low‐developmental competence of bovine oocytes. In the present study, we investigated (1) the relation between cathepsin B activity and the quality of in vitro‐matured cumulus–oocyte complexes (IVM COCs) and denuded oocytes and (2) the effect of a cathepsin B inhibitor (E‐64) on embryo development and quality. The activity of cathepsin B was evaluated in IVM COCs and denuded oocytes. After maturation of COCs with or without E‐64, followed by in vitro fertilization, zygotes were cultured for 8 days. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were evaluated on days 2 and 8, respectively. Quality of embryos was evaluated by differential staining of day 8 blastocysts. TUNEL staining was conducted on IVM COCs and blastocysts. Cathepsin B activity was clearly detected in the low‐quality oocytes, and in the cumulus cells of both high‐ and low‐quality oocytes. This latter activity was diminished by addition of E‐64. The presence of E‐64 during IVM also significantly increased both the blastocyst rate and the total cell number, and improved blastocyst quality associated with a significant increase of trophoectoderm cells. TUNEL staining revealed that inhibition of cathepsin B significantly decreased the number of apoptotic nuclei in both the cumulus cell layer of matured oocytes and blastocysts. These results indicate that cathepsin B activity can be a useful marker of oocyte quality. Furthermore, inhibition of cathepsin B greatly improves the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and increases the number of high‐quality embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 439–448, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CDK5 is present in sea urchin and starfish eggs and embryos and can interact with p35, cyclin E and cyclin B3
Authors: Lozano Jean‐Claude , Schatt Philippe , Vergé Valérie , Gobinet Jérôme , Villey Vincent , Peaucellier Gérard
Published: March 2010

While most cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in cell cycle control, CDK5 is mostly known for crucial functions in neurogenesis. However, we cloned sea urchin CDK5 from a two‐cell stage cDNA library and found that the protein is present in eggs and embryos, up to the pluteus stage, but without associated kinase activity. To investigate the potential for nonneuronal roles, we screened a starfish cDNA library with the yeast two‐hybrid system, for possible CDK5 partners. Interactions with clones expressing part of cyclin B3 and cyclin E proteins were found and the full‐length cyclins were cloned. These interactions were verified in vitro but not in extracts of starfish oocytes and embryos, at any stages, despite the presence of detectable amounts of CDK5, cyclin B3, and cyclin E. We then looked for p35, the CDK5‐specific activator, and cloned the sea urchin ortholog. A sea urchin‐specific anomaly in the amino acid sequence is the absence of N‐terminal myristoylation signal, but nucleotide environment analysis suggests a much higher probability of translation initiation on the second methionine(Met44), that is associated with a conserved myristoylation signal. p35 was found to associate with CDK5 and, when bacterially produced, to confer protein kinase activity to CDK5 immunoprecipitated from sea urchin eggs and embryos. However, p35 mRNA expression was found to begin only at the end of the blastula stage, and the protein was undetectable at any embryonic stage, suggesting a neuronal role beginning in late larval stages. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 449–461, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementation fidelity in community‐based interventions
Authors: Breitenstein Susan M. , Gross Deborah , Garvey Christine A. , Hill Carri , Fogg Louis , Resnick Barbara
Published: March 2010

Implementation fidelity is the degree to which an intervention is delivered as intended and is critical to successful translation of evidence‐based interventions into practice. Diminished fidelity may be why interventions that work well in highly controlled trials may fail to yield the same outcomes when applied in real life contexts. The purpose of this paper is to define implementation fidelity and describe its importance for the larger science of implementation, discuss data collection methods and current efforts in measuring implementation fidelity in community‐based prevention interventions, and present future research directions for measuring implementation fidelity that will advance implementation science.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:164–173, 2010
An introduction to genes, genomes and disease
Authors: Hall Peter A , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Tomlinson Ian PM , Poulsom Richard
Published: March 2010

The human and other genome projects and subsequent resequencing programmes have provided new perspectives on the nature of the gene and how genes function. Understanding the complexity of the eukaryotic nucleus and the diversity of genetic regulatory mechanisms, including the role of non‐coding RNAs, translational control mechanisms and the extraordinary prevalence of splicing, will be central to understanding how genes function, as will the recognition of gene dosage issues. This introduction to the 2010 Annual Review Issue, Genes, Genomes and Disease, provides overviews of these areas and then considers their relevance to a range of human diseases, including cardiovascular and renal disease, neural tube defects and cancer. The p53 gene is considered as an example of a massively regulated gene and the genetic perturbations in cancer are considered in a historical perspective. High‐throughput genomic and transcriptomic methods have led to a paradigm shift in the way cancers are perceived and have changed the way translational research is performed. The progress in our understanding of chromosomal rearrangements in cancer, once believed to be incredibly rare events in epithelial malignancies, is discussed. The identification of low‐penetrance cancer susceptibility genes through genome‐wide association studies and their implications are reviewed. The contribution and limitations of expression profiling are discussed. In the last series of reviews, future challenges are addressed: the promise of synthetic lethality strategies in cancer therapy, a case for ‘systems’ approaches to genetic networks and the potential of single molecule genetic technologies. Finally, the question ‘Does massively parallel DNA resequencing signify the end of histopathology as we know it?’ is posed. Readers should find that the 2010 Annual Review Issue is an invaluable resource on contemporary genetics and its applications to understanding disease. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OVNIp: An open source application facilitating the interpretation, the validation and the edition of proteomics data generated by MS analyses and de novo sequencing
Authors: Tessier Dominique , Yclon Pascal , Jacquemin Ingrid , Larré Colette , Rogniaux Hélène
Published: March 2010

Several academic software are available to help the validation and reporting of proteomics data generated by MS analyses. However, to our knowledge, none of them have been conceived to meet the particular needs generated by the study of organisms whose genomes are not sequenced. In that context, we have developed OVNIp, an open‐source application which facilitates the whole process of proteomics results interpretation. One of its unique attributes is its capacity to compile multiple results (from several search engines and/or several databank searches) with a resolution of conflicting interpretations. Moreover, OVNIp enables automated exploitation of de novo sequences generated from unassigned MS/MS spectra leading to higher sequence coverage and enhancing confidence in the identified proteins. The exploitation of these additional spectra might also identify novel proteins through a MS‐BLAST search, which can be easily ran from the OVNIp interface. Beyond this primary scope, OVNIp can also benefit to users who look for a simple standalone application to both visualize and confirm MS/MS result interpretations through a simple graphical interface and generate reports according to user‐defined forms which may integrate the prerequisites for publication. Sources, documentation and a stable release for Windows are available at http://wwwappli.nantes.inra.fr:8180/OVNIp.
Proteome analysis of fungal and bacterial involvement in leaf litter decomposition
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Gerrits Bertran , Gassmann Regula , Schmid Emanuel , Gessner Mark O. , Richter Andreas , Battin Tom , Eberl Leo , Riedel Kathrin
Published: March 2010

Fungi and bacteria are key players in the decomposition of leaf litter, but their individual contributions to the process and their interactions are still poorly known. We combined semi‐quantitative proteome analyses (1‐D PAGE‐LC‐MS/MS) with qualitative and quantitative analyses of extracellular degradative enzyme activities to unravel the respective roles of a fungus and a bacterium during litter decomposition. Two model organisms, a mesophilic Gram‐negative bacterium (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and an ascomycete (Aspergillus nidulans), were grown in both, pure culture and co‐culture on minimal medium containing either glucose or beech leaf litter as sole carbon source.P. carotovorumgrew best in co‐culture with the fungus, whereas growth ofA. nidulanswas significantly reduced when the bacterium was present. This observation suggests thatP. carotovorumhas only limited capabilities to degrade leaf litter and profits from the degradation products ofA. nidulansat the expense of fungal growth. In accordance with this interpretation, our proteome analysis revealed that most of the extracellular biodegradative enzymes (i.e.proteases, pectinases, and cellulases) in the cultures with beech litter were expressed by the fungus, the bacterium producing only low levels of pectinases.
Pathway Palette: A rich internet application for peptide‐, protein‐ and network‐oriented analysis of MS data
Authors: Askenazi Manor , Li Shaojuan , Singh Saurav , Marto Jarrod A.
Published: March 2010

Recent improvements in proteomic technologies have collectively yielded data sets that far exceed the capabilities of typical low‐throughput interpretation strategies. Unfortunately, tools designed to leverage the “peptide‐centric” content of MS‐based proteomics lag the current rate of data production. Here, we describe Pathway Palette (http://blaispathways.dfci.harvard.edu), a freely accessible internet application that enables researchers to easily transition from peptides to biological pathways, while simultaneously retaining the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the underlying MS data.
Intent‐to‐treat analysis in the presence of off‐treatment or missing data
Authors: Keene Oliver N.
Published: March 2010

Intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis is viewed as the analysis of a clinical trial that provides the least bias, but difficult issues can arise. Common analysis methods such as mixed‐effects and proportional hazards models are usually labeled as ITT analysis, but in practice they can often be inconsistent with a strict interpretation of the ITT principle. In trials where effective medications are available to patients withdrawing from treatment, ITT analysis can mask important therapeutic effects of the intervention studied in the trial. Analysis of on‐treatment data may be subject to bias, but can address efficacy objectives when combined with careful review of the pattern of withdrawals across treatments particularly for those patients withdrawing due to lack of efficacy and adverse events. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of basis set superposition error on the structure of ππ dimers
Authors: Vijay Dolly , Sakurai Hidehiro , Sastry G. Narahari
Published: March 2010

The effect of basis set superposition error (BSSE) on the structure and energy of benzene, naphthalene, corannulene, and sumanene dimer has been analyzed. MP2 method was chosen and the effect is estimated using 6‐31G, 6‐31G(d), 6‐311+G(d), cc‐pVDZ, and cc‐pVTZ basis sets. The model calculations on benzene dimer indicate that the impact of BSSE on the equilibrium geometry of π‐stacked dimers appears to be quite significant. Calculations on larger molecular dimers such as the dimers of naphthalene, corannulene, and sumanene are also studied. The practical implication of the current observation on modeling the macromolecular structure is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Exploring concerted effects of base pairing and stacking on the excited‐state nature of DNA oligonucleotides by DFT and TD‐DFT studies
Authors: Ai Yue‐Jie , Cui Gang‐Long , Fang Qiu , Fang Wei‐Hai , Luo Yi
Published: March 2010

We have taken (dA)5, (dT)5, and (dA)5·(dT)5 as model systems to study concerted effects of base pairing and stacking on excited‐state nature of DNA oligonucleotides using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT methods. The spectroscopic states are determined to be of a partial A → A charge‐transfer nature in the A·T oligonucleotides. The T → T charge‐transfer transitions produce dark states, which are hidden in the energy region of the steady‐state absorption spectra. This is different from the previous assignment that the T → T charge‐transfer transition is responsible for a shoulder at the red side of the first strong absorption band. The A → T charge‐transfer states were predicted to have relatively high energies in the A·T oligonucleotides. The present calculations predict that the T → A charge‐transfer states are not involved in the spectra and excited‐state dynamics of the A·T oligonucleotides. In addition, the influence of base pairing and stacking on the nature of the 1nπ* and 1ππ* states are discussed in detail. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Perturbations produced by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the speciation of aluminium(III)/1,6‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐pyridinecarboxylate aqueous solutions
Authors: Di Marco Valerio B. , Raveane Luca , Dean Annalisa , Traldi Pietro
Published: March 2010

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is very often employed to study metal/ligand equilibria in aqueous solution. However, the ionization process can introduce perturbations which affect the speciation results in an unpredictable way. It is necessary to identify these perturbations in order to correctly interpret the ESI‐MS speciation results.

Aluminium(III)/1,6‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐pyridinecarboxylate (DQ716) aqueous solutions at various pH were analysed by ESI‐MS, and speciation results were compared with those obtained by equilibrium techniques. Differences observed were both qualitative and quantitative. The ESI‐MS spectral changes due to different settings of the following instrumental parameters were analyzed: the solution flow rate (FS), the nebulizer gas flow rate (FG), the potential applied at the entrance capillary (EC), and the temperature of the drying gas (TG). The effects produced by FS and EC on the spectra strongly suggest the key role of surface activity in determining the relative fraction of the ions reaching the detector. The experimental effects of FS and TG were interpreted considering the presence of at least two reactions in the gas phase and a dimerization occurring in the droplets.

These perturbations cannot be generalized because they appear to be chemical system‐related and instrument‐dependent. Therefore, the identification of perturbations is a required task for any metal‐ligand equilibrium study performed by ESI‐MS. Our results indicate that perturbations can be identified by evaluating the effects produced in the spectra by a change of instrumental parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing deamidation in therapeutic immunoglobulin gamma (IgG1) by ‘bottom‐up’ mass spectrometry with electron transfer dissociation
Authors: Mukherjee Raju , Adhikary Laxmi , Khedkar Anand , Iyer Harish
Published: March 2010

Aspartic acid formed by nonenzymatic deamidation of asparagine often isomerizes to isoaspartic acid through a succinimide intermediate. Accumulation of isoaspartic acid initiates aggregation and degradation in proteins. Deamidation at the antigen‐binding region reduces the efficacy and also upregulates immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies. We report an improved ‘bottom‐up’ tandem mass spectrometric method to detect and decipher the position of isoaspartate formation in therapeutic immunoglobulin gamma in a single chromatographic run. Differentiation between aspartate and isoaspartate residues through collision‐induced tandem mass spectrometry is formidable due to their identical mass. Signature backbone cleavage ions, cn + 57 and zl–n − 57, produced upon radical‐mediated fragmentation, were used to delineate the site of isomerization. It is more conclusive than monitoring the relative peak intensity and the decrease in hydrophobicity of the isoaspartate‐containing peptide in a chromatographic elution. Collectively, this methodology provides a useful tool to monitor deamidation and isomerization in biopharmaceuticals during their production, downstream processing and storage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anonymat des dons d’engendrement: le grand malentendu du débat français
Authors: Théry I.
Published: March 2010

Le débat français sur l’anonymat des dons dans l’assistance médicale à la procréation est traversé par un grand malentendu: les partisans du statu quo légal reprochent aux partisans du droit d’accès aux origines de vouloir « biologiser la filiation ». Or, il suffit d’examiner ce qui s’est fait ces dernières années dans les nombreux pays européens qui ont décidé de lever l’anonymat des donneurs, pour voir que cela est un fantasme. Loin de biologiser la filiation, ces pays ont au contraire conforté les receveurs du don comme les seuls parents juridiques de l’enfant, en posant dans la loi un principe de complémentarité entre les places respectives de donneur d’engendrement et de receveur/parent par la filiation.
Building long‐term orientation in buyer–supplier relationships: The moderating role of culture
Authors: Cannon Joseph P. , Doney Patricia M. , Mullen Michael R. , Petersen Kenneth J.
Published: March 2010

This research investigates buyer–supplier relationships in international markets. Research and practice have shown that buyer–supplier relationships benefit when partners to the relationship exhibit a long‐term orientation. The extant literature suggests that a buyer's trust of a supplier and the supplier's performance affect the buyer's long‐term orientation toward the relationship. We propose that the relative effects of trust and performance on long‐term orientation are moderated by culture – specifically the individualism/collectivism dimension. Hypotheses are tested on data from two individualist and two collectivist cultures, using responses from over 600 purchasing professionals in the United States, Anglophone Canada, Francophone Canada and Mexico. Taken together, empirical findings suggest that cultural differences warrant consideration in developing successful purchasing strategies.
The Role of the Lumbar Multifidus in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Review
Authors: Freeman Michael D. , Woodham Mark A. , Woodham Andrew W.
Published: March 2010

Low back pain (LBP), a highly prevalent problem in society, is often a recurrent condition. Recent advances in the understanding of the biomechanics of LBP have highlighted the importance of muscular stabilization of the “neutral zone” range of motion in the low back. The lumbar multifidus muscles (LMM) are important stabilizers of this neutral zone, and dysfunction in these muscles is strongly associated with LBP. The dysfunction is a result of pain inhibition from the spine, and it tends to continue even after the pain has resolved, likely contributing to the high recurrence rate of LBP. Persisting LMM dysfunction is identified by atrophic replacement of multifidus muscle with fat, a condition that is best seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle training directed at teaching patients to activate their LMM is an important feature of any clinical approach to the LBP patient with demonstrated LMM dysfunction or atrophy.
Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis Among Assembly Plant Workers
Authors: Werner Robert A. , Gell Nancy , Hartigan Anne , Wiggerman Neal , Keyserling William M.
Published: March 2010

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of work activity (time spent standing, walking, or sitting), floor surface characteristics, weight, body mass index, age, foot biomechanics, and other demographic and medical history factors to the prevalence of plantar fasciitis.

Design

A cross‐sectional observational study design was used.

Setting

The study site was an automobile engine assembly plant.

Participants

Full‐time employees of the assembly plant who had been working at least 6 months.

Assessment of Risk Factors

The independent variables included baseline demographics, medical history, ergonomic exposures, psychosocial factors, discomfort ratings, shoe characteristics, and foot biomechanics.

Main Outcome Measurements

The dependent variable was the finding of plantar fasciitis on physical examination.

Results

The study demonstrated that forefoot pronation on physical examination, high metatarsal pressure on the gait assessment, increasing time spent standing on hard surfaces, increased time spent walking, medium tenure at the plant, and an increased number of times getting in and out of the vehicle (for the truck/forklift drivers) increased the risk of presenting with plantar fasciitis. Rotation of shoes during the work week was found to reduce the risk of presenting with plantar fasciitis. Increased supervisor support showed a trend toward reducing the prevalence of plantar fasciitis.

Conclusions

Plantar fasciitis is relatively common in the manufacturing setting. These findings suggest several options for primary and secondary prevention strategies. Shoe rotation may be an effective strategy that may be used as either a primary or secondary strategy. The use of shoe orthoses with a medial longitudinal arch and metatarsal pad may be used as a preventive or treatment strategy. Work stations that decrease the percentage of time walking or standing on hard surfaces (eg, allowing workers to alternate between sitting and standing postures or providing cushioning mats for concrete surfaces) may lower the risk for plantar fasciitis.
Models and Interpretations
Authors: Barnes J. A.
Published: March 2010

John Barnes's collection of essays covers a variety of topics in sociology and anthropology, including lineage systems, social networks, colonialism, underlying assumptions of social science, and the significance of time in social analysis. Together they identify the author's particular view of social science: he is primarily interested in 'what really happens'. Rather than revamp articles written with a distinctive set of assumptions to bring them into line with current intellectual fashion, Professor Barnes has chosen to let them stand as they are, products of identifiable theoretical stance and modes of exposition. But introductory notes to each chapter set out the context in which the piece was originally written and draw attention to later publications and events that bear on it. An introduction discusses in detail the author's view of social science as the construction of models rather than a search for social laws, while the final chapter presents a model of the modelling process itself.
Elusive Empires
Authors: Hinderaker Eric
Published: March 2010

This book, first published in 1997, examines the efforts of France, Britain, and the United States to extend imperial dominion over the Ohio Valley, focusing on the relations between Europeans and Indians to tell the story. It treats empires as cross-cultural constructions whose details were negotiated by their participants, not directed from London, Paris, or Philadelphia. Hinderaker argues that three models of empire competed for acceptance in the region: empires of commerce and of land, each of which was attempted by both the French and the British, and an empire of liberty, which grew out of the American Revolution and eventually became the basis for Euro-American occupation of the valley. The result is a fascinating story that carefully considers the wealth of recent scholarship on the West, but simultaneously offers a strikingly new interpretation of the American Revolution and its legacy in the relations between Indians and the new American nation.
Edmund Spenser
Authors: Hume Anthea
Published: March 2010

This book offers a fresh reading of Spenser's poetry in the light of his Protestantism. Previous critics have devoted much space to the poet's debt to the literature of antiquity and the Renaissance, as well as to his knowledge of Neoplatonism, mythograph, and iconography; but less has been written about the imaginative consequences for his poetry of his Protestantism, largely conditioned by the Elizabethan religious milieu. Dr Hume seeks to illuminate Spenser's major poems, The Shepheardes Calender and The Faerie Queene, by placing them in a relevant context of Elizabethan Protestant thought and writings. Her detailed analysis shows how words, images and episodes in both poems come into focus when the reader takes account of sermons, biblical commentaries, devotional treatises and controversial works of the Elizabethan decades.
The Beginning of Christian Philosophy
Authors: Osborn Eric
Published: March 2010

The problems which Christians faced in the second-century world, with its variety of religious beliefs, have a close relation to those which confront them today. The new religion was presented with a range of external threats and criticism which evoked a vigourous, fundamental and imaginative response. The arguments of this most creative period of Christian thought were of a more general and philosophical kind than the discussions of dogmatic issues in the fourth and fifth centuries, and are properly regarded as the beginning of Christian philosophy, though this does not of course imply the emergence of a 'system' or a uniformly philosophical level of writing. Professor Osborn's method in this book, derived from analytic philosophy, is to elucidate specific questions which occupied four major writers from different centres of early Christianity: Justin, Irenaeus, Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria. Is there one God and can one speak of him? Is man free and has he any link with God? Why has a good God made a world in which evil is so evident? Has history a meaning? Who is Jesus Christ?
Religion, Law and the Growth of Constitutional Thought, 1150-1650
Authors: Tierney Brian
Published: March 2010

To understand the growth of Western constitutional thought, we need to consider both ecclesiology and political theory, ideas about the Church as well as ideas about the state. In this book Professor Tierney traces the interplay between ecclesiastical and secular theories of government from the twelfth century to the seventeenth. He shows how ideas revived from the ancient past - Roman law, Aristotelian political philosophy, teachings of Church fathers - interacted with the realities of medieval society to produce distinctively new doctrines of constitutional government in Church and state. The study moves from the Roman and canon lawyers of the twelfth century to various thirteenth-century theories of consent; later sections consider fifteenth-century conciliarism and aspects of seventeenth-century constitutional thought. Fresh approaches are suggested to the work of several figures of central importance in the history of Western political theory. Among the authors considered are Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius of Padua, Jean Gerson, Nicholas of Cues and Althusius, along with many lesser-known authors who contributed significantly to the growth of the Western constitutional tradition.
Pay Up and Play the Game
Authors: Vamplew Wray
Published: March 2010

Based on a vast range of club and association records, Pay Up and Play the Game, first published in 1988, presents a systematic economic analysis of the emergence of mass spectator sport during the years prior to World War I. It explores the tensions behind an increasingly commercialised activity that was nonetheless suffused with 'gentlemanly' values at many levels, and highlights the retreat of the latter as working-class consumption and participation became predominant, symbolised most dramatically by the celebrated victory of proletarian Blackburn Olympic over the Old Etonians in the FA Cup final of 1883. Wray Vamplew examines the linkages between sport, gambling, crime and spectator violence, and concludes that many supposedly 'recent' developments (notably football hooliganism) in fact have their origins in this, the 'Golden Age' of sport in Britain.
Third Way Reforms
Authors: Huo Jingjing
Published: March 2010

This book examines the transformation of contemporary social democracy through the concept of 'third way' reforms. It proposes a set of theories about the possibility for continuing social democratic ideological adaptation, for ideologies to overcome institutional constraints in triggering path-breaking innovations, and for social democracy to bridge the insider-outsider divide. Empirically, the book utilizes these theories to account for social democratic welfare state and labor market reforms in nine OECD countries after the end of the Golden Age. Based on the logic of 'public evils', the book proposes that the ideologically contested nature of institutions provides incentives for institutional innovation. Social democratic ideology shapes the fundamental characteristics and content of the third way policy paradigm, and the paradigm's practical implementation continues to be path-dependent on historical institutional settings.
The Paston Family in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Richmond Colin
Published: March 2010

The Paston family have long been famous for the large collection of letters and papers which bear their name. However, only recently have the 'Paston Letters' been used systematically by historians of fifteenth-century England: they are both attractive to read and fiendishly difficult to use as source material for the historian. This, the second volume in Colin Richmond's individual and compelling study of the Pastons, describes the bitter disputes over the will of Sir John Fastolf (d. 1459) which dogged the family for many years, and which hold a wider significance for the law, English country society, and the complex politics of the fifteenth century. Professor Richmond uses his mastery of the Paston documents to illuminate many obscurities surrounding the will, and at the same time creates an insightful and sympathetic picture of this fascinating, often troubled family.
Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos
Authors: Marchant Linda
Published: March 2010

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), otherwise known as pygmy chimpanzees, are the only two species of the genus Pan. As they are our nearest relatives, there has been much research devoted to investigating the similarities and differences between them. This book offers an extensive review of the most recent observations to come from field studies on the diversity of Pan social behaviour, with contributions from many of the world's leading experts in this field. A wide range of social behaviours is discussed including tool use, hunting, reproductive strategies and conflict management as well as demographic variables and ecological constraints. In addition to interspecies behavioural diversity, this text describes exciting new research into variations between different populations of the same species. Researchers and students working in the fields of primatology, anthropology and zoology will find this a fascinating read.
Biomimetic Robotics
Authors: Vepa Ranjan
Published: March 2010

This book is written as an initial course in robotics. It is ideal for study of unmanned aerial or underwater vehicles, a topic on which few books exist. It presents the fundamentals of robotics, from an aerospace perspective, by considering only the field of robot mechanisms. For an aerospace engineer, three dimensional and parallel mechanisms – flight simulation, unmanned aerial vehicles, and space robotics – take on an added significance. Biomimetic robot mechanisms are fundamental to manipulators, walking, mobile, and flying robots. As a distinguishing feature, this book gives a unified and integrated treatment of biomimetic robot mechanisms. It is ideal preparation for the next robotics module: practical robot control design. While the book focuses on principles, computational procedures are also given due importance. Students are encouraged to use computational tools to solve the examples in the exercises. The author has included some additional topics for the enthusiastic reader to explore.
Language Policy
Authors: Spolsky Bernard
Published: March 2010

Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. In this introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Through looking at the language practices, beliefs and management of social groups from families to supra-national organizations, he develops a theory of modern national language policy and the major forces controlling it, such as the demands for efficient communication, the pressure for national identity, the attractions of (and resistance to) English as a global language, and the growing concern for human and civil rights as they impinge on language. Two central questions asked in this wide-ranging survey are of how to recognize language policies, and whether or not language can be managed at all.
Quantum Physics
Authors: Le Bellac Michel
Published: March 2010

Quantum physics allows us to understand the nature of the physical phenomena which govern the behavior of solids, semi-conductors, lasers, atoms, nuclei, subnuclear particles and light. In Quantum Physics, Le Bellac provides a thoroughly modern approach to this fundamental theory. Throughout the book, Le Bellac teaches the fundamentals of quantum physics using an original approach which relies primarily on an algebraic treatment and on the systematic use of symmetry principles. In addition to the standard topics such as one-dimensional potentials, angular momentum and scattering theory, the reader is introduced to more recent developments at an early stage. These include a detailed account of entangled states and their applications, the optical Bloch equations, the theory of laser cooling and of magneto-optical traps, vacuum Rabi oscillations and an introduction to open quantum systems. This is a textbook for a modern course on quantum physics, written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
Global Capital Markets
Authors: Obstfeld Maurice , Taylor Alan M.
Published: March 2010

This book presents an economic survey of international capital mobility from the late nineteenth century to the present. The authors examine the theory and empirical evidence surrounding the fall and rise of integration in the world market. A discussion of institutional developments focuses on capital controls and the pursuit of macroeconomic policy objectives in shifting monetary regimes. The Great Depression emerges as the key turning point in recent history of international capital markets, and offers important insights for contemporary policy debates. Its principal legacy is that the return to a world of global capital is marked by great unevenness in outcomes regarding both risks and rewards of capital market integration. More than in the past, foreign investment flows largely from rich countries to other rich countries. Yet most financial crises afflict developing countries, with costs for everyone.
The Phonology of Tone and Intonation
Authors: Gussenhoven Carlos
Published: March 2010

Tone and Intonation are two types of pitch variation, which are used by speakers of all languages in order to give shape to utterances. More specifically, tone encodes segments and morphemes, and intonation gives utterances a further discoursal meaning that is independent of the meanings of the words themselves. In this comprehensive survey, Carlos Gussenhoven provides an overview of research into tone and intonation, discussing why speakers vary their pitch, what pitch variations mean, and how they are integrated into our grammars. He also explains why intonation in part appears to be universally understood, while at other times it is language-specific and can lead to misunderstandings. After eight chapters on general topics relating to pitch modulation, the book's central arguments are illustrated with comprehensive phonological descriptions - partly in Optimality Theory - of the tonal and intonational systems of six languages, including Japanese, Dutch, and English.
Weak Scale Supersymmetry
Authors: Baer Howard , Tata Xerxes
Published: March 2010

Supersymmetric models of particle physics predict new superpartner matter states for each particle in the Standard Model. These superpartners will have wide ranging implications, from cosmology to observations at high energy accelerators, such as CERN's LHC. In this 2006 text, the authors develop the basic concepts of supersymmetry and show how it can be incorporated into a theoretical framework for describing unified theories of elementary particles. They develop the technical tools of supersymmetry using four-component spinor notation familiar to high energy experimentalists and phenomenologists. The text takes the reader from an abstract formalism to a straightforward recipe for writing supersymmetric gauge theories of particle physics, and ultimately to the calculations necessary for practical applications at colliders and in cosmology. This is a comprehensive, practical and accessible introduction to supersymmetry for experimental and phenomenological particle physicists and graduate students. Exercises and worked examples that clarify the material are interspersed throughout.
Quantum Finance
Authors: Baaquie Belal E.
Published: March 2010

This book applies the mathematics and concepts of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory to the modelling of interest rates and the theory of options. Particular emphasis is placed on path integrals and Hamiltonians. Financial mathematics is dominated by stochastic calculus. The present book offers a formulation that is completely independent of that approach. As such many results emerge from the ideas developed by the author. This work will be of interest to physicists and mathematicians working in the field of finance, to quantitative analysts in banks and finance firms and to practitioners in the field of fixed income securities and foreign exchange. The book can also be used as a graduate text for courses in financial physics and financial mathematics.
An Introduction to Optical Stellar Interferometry
Authors: Labeyrie A. , Lipson S. G. , Nisenson P.
Published: March 2010

During the last two decades, optical stellar interferometry has become an important tool in astronomical investigations requiring spatial resolution well beyond that of traditional telescopes. This book, first published in 2006, was the first to be written on the subject. The authors provide an extended introduction discussing basic physical and atmospheric optics, which establishes the framework necessary to present the ideas and practice of interferometry as applied to the astronomical scene. They follow with an overview of historical, operational and planned interferometric observatories, and a selection of important astrophysical discoveries made with them. Finally, they present some as-yet untested ideas for instruments both on the ground and in space which may allow us to image details of planetary systems beyond our own.
Finite Elements
Authors: Braess Dietrich
Published: March 2010

This definitive introduction to finite element methods was thoroughly updated for this 2007 third edition, which features important material for both research and application of the finite element method. The discussion of saddle-point problems is a highlight of the book and has been elaborated to include many more nonstandard applications. The chapter on applications in elasticity now contains a complete discussion of locking phenomena. The numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations is an important application of finite elements and the author discusses this subject comprehensively. These equations are treated as variational problems for which the Sobolev spaces are the right framework. Graduate students who do not necessarily have any particular background in differential equations, but require an introduction to finite element methods will find this text invaluable. Specifically, the chapter on finite elements in solid mechanics provides a bridge between mathematics and engineering.
Introductory Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms
Authors: Klingen Helmut
Published: March 2010

From their inception, Siegel modular forms have been studied extensively because of their significance in both automorphic functions in several complex variables and number theory. The comprehensive theory of automorphic forms to subgroups of algebraic groups and the arithmetical theory of modular forms illustrate these two aspects in an illuminating manner. The author's aim is to present a straightforward and easily accessible survey of the main ideas of the theory at an elementary level, providing a sound basis from which the reader can study advanced works and undertake original research. This book is based on lectures given by the author for a number of years and is intended for a one-semester graduate course, though it can also be used profitably for self-study. The only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of algebra, number theory and complex analysis.
Ives: Concord Sonata
Authors: Block Geoffrey
Published: March 2010

Charles Ives's massive Concord Sonata, his second sonata for piano, named after the town of Concord in Massachusetts, is central to his output and clearly reflects his aesthetic perspective. Geoffrey Block's wide-ranging 1996 account of the work thus provides an ideal introduction to this fascinating composer. As well as a discussion of the Sonata's reception history from 1920 to the time of publication, and a chapter on its compositional genesis, this handbook includes a detailed narrative of the motivic content as well as a historical and analytical survey of the work's borrowings, both certifiable and newly proposed. The programmatic element of the Sonata is explored in the context of Ives's personal vision of four literary subjects associated with the town of Concord between 1840 and 1860: Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, and the Alcotts.