bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological targeting of glutamatergic neurons within the brainstem for weight reduction
Authors: Schneeberger Marc , Brice Nicola L. , Pellegrino Kyle , Parolari Luca , Shaked Jordan T. , Page Keith J. , Marchildon François , Barrows Douglas W. , Carroll Thomas S. , Topilko Thomas , Mulligan Victoria M. , Newman Robert , Doyle Kevin , Bürli Roland , Barker Daniel F. , Glen Angela , Ortuño María José , Nectow Alexander R. , Renier Nicolas , Cohen Paul , Carlton Mark , Heintz Nathaniel , Friedman Jeffrey M.
Published: November 2022

Food intake and body weight are tightly regulated by neurons within specific brain regions, including the brainstem, where acute activation of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) glutamatergic neurons expressing the glutamate transporter Vglut3 (DRNVglut3) drive a robust suppression of food intake and enhance locomotion. Activating Vglut3 neurons in DRN suppresses food intake and increases locomotion, suggesting that modulating the activity of these neurons might alter body weight. Here, we show that DRNVglut3 neurons project to the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), a canonical feeding center that also reduces food intake. Moreover, chronic DRNVglut3 activation reduces weight in both leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and leptin-resistant diet-induced obese (DIO) male mice. Molecular profiling revealed that the orexin 1 receptor (Hcrtr1) is highly enriched in DRN Vglut3 neurons, with limited expression elsewhere in the brain. Finally, an orally bioavailable, highly selective Hcrtr1 antagonist (CVN45502) significantly reduces feeding and body weight in DIO. Hcrtr1 is also co-expressed with Vglut3 in the human DRN, suggesting that there might be a similar effect in human. These results identify a potential therapy for obesity by targeting DRNVglut3 neurons while also establishing a general strategy for developing drugs for central nervous system disorders.
Transition-metal-free azide insertion ofN-triftosylhydrazones using a non-metallic azide source
Authors: Li Xueyu , Song Jin-Na , Karmakar Swastik , Lu Ying , Lv Ye , Liao Peiqiu , Liu Zhaohong
Published: November 2022

An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of benzyl azides from carbonyl compounds and commercially available TMSN3was developed. The synthetic advantages are illustrated by gram-scale reaction and the synthesis of drug-like molecules.
Bifunctional bis(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate crystal for high-performance photocatalytic degradation of rose bengal dye and luminescence sensing of PO43−, NO3−, Cl−, Cr2O72− and F− ions
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Ahmad Musheer , Siddiqui Kafeel Ahmad
Published: November 2022

A new crystal of bis(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate (KA@PS) was crystallized and employed to study its adsorption and photocatalytic properties.
Stabilization of the Li metal anode through constructing a LiZn alloy/polymer hybrid protective layer towards uniform Li deposition
Authors: Wang Zihao , Song Zhicui , Liu Yuchi , Xing Jianxiong , Wei Chaohui , Zou Wei , Li Jingze
Published: November 2022

A hybrid film that is constructed using a composite of LiZn–LiCl-PEO on the Li metal surface can achieve a dendrite-free Li deposition morphology and lead to uniform Li deposition under the hybrid layer instead of the top surface.
Tuning low-temperature CO oxidation activities via N-doping on graphene-supported three-coordinated nickle single-atom catalysts
Authors: Chen Tao , Ji Yujin , Ding Yi-Min , Li Youyong
Published: November 2022

Combined with the first-principles calculation and microkinetic modeling, the effects of N-doping on the activities of three-coordinated graphene-supported Ni single-atom catalysts are disclosed for low-temperature CO oxidation.
Regulating the electronic and spin structure of endohedral metallofullerenes: a case investigation of Sc3N@C80 and Sc3C2@C80
Authors: Feng Yongqiang , Hu Yuzhu , Luo Tianmi , Yuan Chengke , Zhu Wenjie , Gao Mengting , Huo Xuemeng
Published: November 2022

The electronic and spin structure of Sc3N@C80 and Sc3C2@C80 was finely regulated via a Prato reaction.
Metal-directed self-assembly of constitutionally dynamic systems: control of the nuclearity of Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) metallacycles
Authors: Neira Iago , Domarco Olaya , Rama Tamara , Blanco Victor , Peinador Carlos , García Marcos D. , Quintela José M.
Published: November 2022

4,4′-Bipyridinium-based ditopic ligands assemble with Pd(ii) centers generating constitutionally dynamic systems in which concentration is a suitable stimulus to influence the speciation between mononuclear [PdL]5+ and dinuclear [Pd2L2]10+ species.
Copper(ii) complexes of cyclams withN-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-aminoalkyl pendant arms as potential probes for19F magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kotková Zuzana , Koucký Filip , Kotek Jan , Císařová Ivana , Parker David , Hermann Petr
Published: November 2022

Complexes of Cu(ii) with studied ligands show very short NMR longitudinal relaxation timesT1of19F nuclei and goodT2*/T1ratio. Thus, Cu(ii) can be considered as a suitable metal ion for the design of efficient19F MRI/NMR relaxation agents.
Synthesis of methane hydrate at ambient temperature with ultra-rapid formation and high gas storage capacity
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhao Jie , Bhattacharjee Gaurav , Xu Huanzhi , Yang Mingjun , Kumar Rajnish , Linga Praveen
Published: November 2022

CH4 storage capacity in sII hydrate may be tuned to exceed the acknowledged limit of about 115.36 v/v, thus enhancing the commercialization potential of the Solidified Natural Gas (SNG) technology for non-explosive, long-term natural gas storage.
Dynamic single microparticle manipulation in the far-field region using plasmonic vortex lens multiple arms with a circular groove
Authors: Oktafiani Fitri , Chen Jun-Quan , Lee Po-Tsung
Published: November 2022

PVL multiple arms with a circular groove can be used to rotate a microparticle in the far-field region.
On the role of graphene oxide in bifunctional Ni/MOF/rGO composites in electrochemical nitrate detection and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Pasarakonda Satya Lakshmi , Ponnada Srikanth , Gorle Demudu Babu , Chandra Bose Rapaka S. , Palariya Anjali , Kiai Maryam Sadat , Gandham Hima Bindu , Kathiresan Murugavel , Sharma Rakesh K , Nowduri Annapurna
Published: November 2022

Bi-functional metal organic frameworks as promising porous framework hybrid materials for electrochemical nitrate sensing and oxygen evolution reaction.
Construction of CoS/Cd0.5Zn0.5S ohmic heterojunctions for improving photocatalytic hydrogen production activity
Authors: Jiang Shuhan , Shen Luping , Liu Yanan , Qi Shuaikang , Lu Zhufeng , Li Lei , Ma Hongxia , Wang Hongmei
Published: November 2022

The optimized CoS/Cd0.5Zn0.5S ohmic heterojunction showed excellent stability over four cycles and its hydrogen evolution rate reached 6916.7 μmol g−1 h−1.
A multifunctional [CdI4]2−·[H2Bimb]2+complex to probe high performance photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet and fluorescent detection of Cr2O72−and Hg2+ions
Authors: Somnath  , Ahmad Musheer , Siddiqui Kafeel Ahmad
Published: November 2022

[CdI4]2−·[H2Bimb]2+(KA@S) exhibits promising photocatalytic degradation of dyes and is an excellent luminescent sensor for hazardous anions/metal ions in aqueous solution.
Improved electrochemical detection of harmful 1-NAA molecules by a MWNTs/Ca–ZnO nanocomposite-modified paste electrode
Authors: Prabhu Keerthi , Malode Shweta J. , Kulkarni Raviraj M. , Shetti Nagaraj P.
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical degradation of 1-NAA using MWCNTs/Ca-ZnO modified CPE.
Spin-crossover in the Fe(4X-pyridine)2[Fe(CN)5NO] series with X = Cl, Br, and I. Role of the distortion for the iron atom coordination environment
Authors: Avila Y. , Mojica R. , Vázquez M. C. , Sánchez L. , González M. , Rodríguez-Hernández J. , Reguera E.
Published: November 2022

Effect of the distortion for the iron atom coordination environment on the possibility of observing the spin-crossover in Fe(2+)-containing 2D nitroprussides.
Design, synthesis and membrane anchoring strength of lipidated polyaza crown ether DNA-conjugates (LiNAs) studied by DNA-controlled assembly of liposomes
Authors: Jakobsen Ulla , Rosholm Kadla Røskva , Vogel Stefan
Published: November 2022

Membrane anchoring strength of lipidated oligonucleotides (LiNAs) evaluated by assembly of liposomes. “Design of lipidated oligonucleotides” – efficient liposome assembly encoded by LiNAs.
Biocatalytic approach to chiral fluoroaromatic scaffolds
Authors: Dokli Irena , Brkljača Zlatko , Švaco Petra , Tang Lixia , Stepanić Višnja , Majerić Elenkov Maja
Published: November 2022

New insights into the general efficacy of halohydrin dehalogenase for the synthesis of fluorinated chiral building blocks using biocatalytic and computational approaches.
Cationic AIE-active photosensitizers for highly efficient photodynamic eradication of drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Yu Yuewen , Liu Yubo , Chen Yitao , Chen Jinke , Feng Guangxue , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2022

A cationization and cyano introduction molecular engineering strategy is reported to develop AIE-active photosensitizers for high-efficiency PDT eradication of drug-resistant bacteria.
Complementary effects of functionalization, vacancy defects and strain engineering in activating the basal plane of monolayer FePS3 for HER
Authors: Das Tisita , Chakraborty Sudip , Sen Prasenjit
Published: November 2022

In the quest for inexpensive electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), transition metal based ternary layered tri-chalcogenides are one of the most promising candidates.
A strong H− opacity signal in the near-infrared emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b
Authors: Jacobs B. , Désert J.-M. , Pino L. , Line M. R. , Bean J. L. , Khorshid N. , Schlawin E. , Arcangeli J. , Barat S. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Komacek T. D. , Mansfield M. , Parmentier V. , Thorngren D.
Published: November 2022

We present the analysis of a spectroscopic secondary eclipse of the hottest transiting exoplanet detected to date, KELT-9b, obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We complement these data with literature information on stellar pulsations and Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite eclipse depths of this target to obtain a broadband thermal emission spectrum. Our extracted spectrum exhibits a clear turnoff at 1.4 μm. This points to H− bound-free opacities shaping the spectrum. To interpret the spectrum, we perform grid retrievals of self-consistent 1D equilibrium chemistry forward models, varying the composition and energy budget. The model with solar metallicity and C/O ratio provides a poor fit because the H− signal is stronger than expected, requiring an excess of electrons. This pushes our retrievals toward high atmospheric metallicities ([M/H] = 1.98−0.21+0.19) and a C/O ratio that is subsolar by 2.4σ. We question the viability of forming such a high-metallicity planet, and therefore provide other scenarios to increase the electron density in this atmosphere. We also look at an alternative model in which we quench TiO and VO. This fit results in an atmosphere with a slightly subsolar metallicity and subsolar C/O ratio ([M/H] = −0.22−0.13+0.17, log (C/O) = −0.34−0.34+0.19). However, the required TiO abundances are disputed by recent high-resolution measurements of the same planet.
A comparative study of source-finding techniques in H I emission line cubes using SoFiA, MTObjects, and supervised deep learning
Authors: Barkai J. A. , Verheijen M. A. W. , Talavera E. , Wilkinson M. H. F.
Published: November 2022

Context. The 21 cm spectral line emission of atomic neutral hydrogen (H I) is one of the primary wavelengths observed in radio astronomy. However, the signal is intrinsically faint and the H Icontent of galaxies depends on the cosmic environment, requiring large survey volumes and survey depth to investigate the H IUniverse. As the amount of data coming from these surveys continues to increase with technological improvements, so does the need for automatic techniques for identifying and characterising H Isources while considering the tradeoff between completeness and purity.

Aims. This study aimed to find the optimal pipeline for finding and masking the most sources with the best mask quality and the fewest artefacts in 3D neutral hydrogen cubes. Various existing methods were explored, including the traditional statistical approaches and machine learning techniques, in an attempt to create a pipeline to optimally identify and mask the sources in 3D neutral hydrogen (H I) 21 cm spectral line data cubes.

Methods. Two traditional source-finding methods were tested first: the well-established H Isource-finding software SoFiA and one of the most recent, best performing optical source-finding pieces of software, MTObjects. A new supervised deep learning approach was also tested, in which a 3D convolutional neural network architecture, known as V-Net, which was originally designed for medical imaging, was used. These three source-finding methods were further improved by adding a classical machine learning classifier as a post-processing step to remove false positive detections. The pipelines were tested on H Idata cubes from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope with additional inserted mock galaxies.

Results. Following what has been learned from work in other fields, such as medical imaging, it was expected that the best pipeline would involve the V-Net network combined with a random forest classifier. This, however, was not the case: SoFiA combined with a random forest classifier provided the best results, with the V-Net–random forest combination a close second. We suspect this is due to the fact that there are many more mock sources in the training set than real sources. There is, therefore, room to improve the quality of the V-Net network with better-labelled data such that it can potentially outperform SoFiA.
Stabilization of the wave equation through nonlinear Dirichlet actuation
Authors: Vanspranghe Nicolas , Ferrante Francesco , Prieur Christophe
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of nonlinear (in particular, saturated) stabilization of the high-dimensional wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The wave dynamics are subject to a dissipative nonlinear velocity feedback and generate a strongly continuous semigroup of contractions on the optimal energy space L2(Ω) × H−1(Ω). It is first proved that any solution to the closed-loop equations converges to zero in the aforementioned topology. Secondly, under the condition that the feedback nonlinearity has linear growth around zero, polynomial energy decay rates are established for solutions with smooth initial data. This constitutes new Dirichlet counterparts to well-known results pertaining to nonlinear stabilization in H1(Ω) × L2(Ω) of the wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions.
Transition from inhomogeneous limit cycles to oscillation death in nonlinear oscillators with similarity-dependent coupling
Authors: Bhuyan Gogoi Pragjyotish , Kumarasamy Suresh , Prasad Awadhesh , Ramaswamy Ram
Published: November 2022

We consider a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators in which the interaction is modulated by a measure of the similarity between the oscillators. Such a coupling is common in treating spatially mobile dynamical systems where the interaction is distance dependent or in resonance-enhanced interactions, for instance. For a system of Stuart–Landau oscillators coupled in this manner, we observe a novel route to oscillation death via a Hopf bifurcation. The individual oscillators are confined to inhomogeneous limit cycles initially and are damped to different fixed points after the bifurcation. Analytical and numerical results are presented for this case, while numerical results are presented for coupled Rössler and Sprott oscillators.
Assessing transition rates as functions of environmental variables
Authors: Donati Luca , Weber Marcus
Published: November 2022

We present a method to estimate the transition rates of molecular systems under different environmental conditions that cause the formation or the breaking of bonds and require the sampling of the Grand Canonical Ensemble. For this purpose, we model the molecular system in terms of probable “scenarios,” governed by different potential energy functions, which are separately sampled by classical MD simulations. Reweighting the canonical distribution of each scenario according to specific environmental variables, we estimate the grand canonical distribution, then use the Square Root Approximation method to discretize the Fokker-Planck operator into a rate matrix and the robust Perron Cluster Cluster Analysis method to coarse-grain the kinetic model. This permits efficiently estimating the transition rates of conformational states as functions of environmental variables, for example, the local pH at a cell membrane. In this work, we formalize the theoretical framework of the procedure, and we present a numerical experiment comparing the results with those provided by a constant-pH method based on non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Monte Carlo simulations. The method is relevant for the development of new drug design strategies that take into account how the cellular environment influences biochemical processes.
Magneto-thermal transport indicating enhanced Nernst response in FeCo/IrMn exchange coupled stacks
Authors: Martini Mickey , Reichlova Helena , Lee Yejin , Dusíková Dominika , Zemen Jan , Nielsch Kornelius , Thomas Andy
Published: November 2022

We present an analysis of magneto-thermal transport data in IrMn/FeCo bilayers based on the Mott relation and report an enhancement of the Nernst response in the vicinity of the blocking temperature. We measure all four transport coefficients of the longitudinal resistivity, anomalous Hall resistivity, Seebeck effect, and anomalous Nernst effect, and we show a deviation arising around the blocking temperature between the measured Nernst coefficient and the one calculated using the Mott rule. We attribute this discrepancy to spin fluctuations at the antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interface near the blocking temperature. The latter is estimated by magnetometry and magneto-transport measurements.
A data-driven approach for discovering the most probable transition pathway for a stochastic carbon cycle system
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Hu Jianyu , Wei Wei , Duan Jinqiao
Published: November 2022

Many natural systems exhibit tipping points where changing environmental conditions spark a sudden shift to a new and sometimes quite different state. Global climate change is often associated with the stability of marine carbon stocks. We consider a stochastic carbonate system of the upper ocean to capture such transition phenomena. Based on the Onsager–Machlup action functional theory, we calculate the most probable transition pathway between the metastable and oscillatory states via a neural shooting method. Furthermore, we explore the effects of external random carbon input rates on the most probable transition pathway, which provides a basis to recognize naturally occurring tipping points. Particularly, we investigate the transition pathway’s dependence on the transition time and further compute the optimal transition time using a physics-informed neural network, toward the maximum carbonate concentration state in the oscillatory regimes. This work may offer some insights into the effects of noise-affected carbon input rates on transition phenomena in stochastic models.
Microscopic formation mechanism of Si/Tl5Al1/TiN ohmic contact on non-recessed i-InAlN/GaN heterostructures with ultra-low resistance
Authors: Jiang Yang , Du FangZhou , He JiaQi , Qiao ZePeng , Tang ChuYing , Tang XinYi , Wang ZhongRui , Wang Qing , Yu HongYu
Published: November 2022

In this work, we use Si/Tl5Al1/TiN for a source/drain ohmic contact to demonstrate an ultra-low contact resistance of 0.11 Ω mm (ρc = 2.62 × 10−7 Ω cm2) on non-recessed i-InAlN/GaN heterostructures. The Ti5Al1 alloy was used to suppress the out-diffusion of Al and extract N from the InAlN layer, which aided the formation of ohmic contact by improving the tunneling efficiency of electrons, as we have reported in the past work. A thin Si inter-layer combined with the Ti5Al1 alloy is proposed to further reduce contact resistance. A heavy n-type InAlN layer was obtained through doping with Si atoms to improve the tunneling transport of electrons. Furthermore, the TiN inclusions penetrated into the GaN channel because the in-diffused Si promoted the decomposition of GaN at a high annealing temperature and the in-diffused Ti reacted with GaN. These TiN inclusions provided direct contact with two-dimensional electron gas, offering an additional path for the injection of electrons into the channel. The tunneling and spike mechanism worked alternately to lower the contact resistance at different annealing temperatures (dividing at 900 °C), implying that the joint effect of tunneling and the spike mechanism was initially promoted in the formation of ohmic contact. The mechanism of this Si/Ti5Al1/TiN ohmic contact was fully understood through microscopic and thermodynamic analyses. These results shed light on the mechanism for the formation of ohmic contact in a gold-free metal stack for GaN-based HEMTs.
Polarized neutron reflectometry study on the modulation of resistance and magnetism in resistive switching cobalt ferrite thin films
Authors: Cheng Sheng , Shen Lvkang , Cheng Shaodong , Ma Chunrui , Liu Ming , Zhu Tao
Published: November 2022

In this work, the resistive switching and electrical-control of magnetization in Pt/CoFe2O4/Nb:SrTiO3 heterostructures have been investigated. The films exhibit a classic bipolar resistive switching effect with a maximum switch ratio of about 5 × 103 and good anti-fatigue performance. Associated with resistive switching, the saturated magnetization of the thin film at high resistance state is found to be larger than that at low resistance state. Meanwhile, polarized neutron reflectivity of the thin film under different resistance states was in situ measured. The results reveal that the interfacial migration of oxygen vacancies driven by an applied electric field plays an important role in the modulation of resistive and magnetism of CoFe2O4 resistive switching devices.
Smart windows passively driven by greenhouse effect
Authors: Boudan Guillaume , Eustache Etienne , Garabedian Patrick , Messina Riccardo , Ben-Abdallah Philippe
Published: November 2022

The rational thermal management of buildings is of major importance for the reduction in the overall primary energy consumption. Smart windows are promising systems which could save a significant part of this energy. Here, we introduce a double-glazing system made with a thermochromic metal–insulator transition material and a glass layer separated by an air gap which is able to switch from its insulating to its conducting phase thanks to the greenhouse effect occurring in the separation gap. We also show that this passive system can reduce the incoming heat flux by 30% in comparison with a traditional double glazing while maintaining the transmittance around 0.35 over 75% of visible spectrum.
Fully quantum calculations of the line shape parameters for 1-0 P(22) and P(31) lines of CO perturbed by He or Ar
Authors: Chai Shijie , Chen Qixin , Yang Dongzheng , Zhou Yanzi , Xie Daiqian
Published: November 2022

This work reports the full quantum calculations of the spectral line shape parameters for the P(22) line of 13CO and the P(31) line of 12CO in the fundamental band perturbed by He or Ar from 20 to 1000 K for the first time. The generalized spectroscopic cross sections of CO–He/Ar indicate that the Dicke narrowing effect competes with the pressure broadening effect. The pressure broadening can be explained by the dynamic behaviors of intermolecular collisions. The intermolecular inelastic collisions contribute more than 95% to the pressure broadening in both CO–He and CO–Ar systems at high temperatures. Regarding the state-to-state inelastic contributions to pressure broadening, the maximum contribution out of the final state of a given line is close to that out of the initial state. The Dicke narrowing effect influences the line shape profile significantly at high temperatures, which suggests that it is indispensable for reproducing the spectral line profile. With the Dicke narrowing effect, the calculated pressure-broadening coefficients and spectral intensity distribution are in good agreement with the available experimental observations.
Quasi three-dimensional deformable blade element and unsteady vortex lattice reduced-order modeling of fluid–structure interaction in flapping wings
Authors: Schwab R. , Reade J. , Jankauski M.
Published: November 2022

Flapping, flexible insect wings deform under inertial and fluid loading. Deformation influences aerodynamic force generation and sensorimotor control, and is thus important to insect flight mechanics. Conventional flapping wing fluid–structure interaction models provide detailed information about wing deformation and the surrounding flow structure, but are impractical in parameter studies due to their considerable computational demands. Here, we develop two quasi three-dimensional reduced-order models (ROMs) capable of describing the propulsive forces/moments and deformation profiles of flexible wings. The first is based on deformable blade element theory (DBET) and the second is based on the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM). Both rely on a modal-truncation based structural solver. We apply each model to estimate the aeromechanics of a thin, flapping flat plate with a rigid leading edge, and compare ROM findings to those produced by a coupled fluid dynamics/finite element computational solver. The ROMs predict wing deformation with good accuracy even for relatively large deformations of 25% of the chord length. Aerodynamic loading normal to the wing's rotation plane is well captured by the ROMs, though model errors are larger for in-plane loading. We then perform a parameter sweep to understand how wing flexibility and mass affect peak deflection, mean lift and average power. All models indicate that flexible wings produce less lift but require lower average power to flap. Importantly, these studies highlight the computational efficiency of the ROMs—compared to the convention modeling approach, the UVLM and DBET ROMs solve 4 and 6 orders of magnitude faster, respectively.
A programmable multi-state logic-in-memory in a single unit based on spin–orbit torque
Authors: Zhu Libai , Xu Xiaoguang , Li Meiling , Meng Kangkang , Wu Yong , Chen Jikun , Jiang Yong
Published: November 2022

Spintronic device based on spin–orbit torque (SOT) is a potential candidate for the next-generation memory and logic devices. Here, we report a SOT-based programmable multi-state logic-in-memory in a single unit. Multi-step magnetization switching behaviors can be achieved in the device with a stacking structure based on Pt/Co bilayers and an Al2O3 spacer layer by varying the thickness of Co and Pt layers. Moreover, five logic gates (NOR, OR, AND, NAND, and NOT) have also been realized by controlling the current and magnetic field. This multi-state logic-in-memory opens a simple and effective way for designing single-unit spintronic devices and extends the potential application of the SOT-based devices in brain-like computations.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: November 2022

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials, which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
A framework for conducting policy-relevant primary care research: a COVID-19 case study in Australia
Authors: Thomas Judith , Imai Chisato , Sezgin Gorkem , Hardie Rae-Anne , Weeding Stephen , Pearce Christopher , McLeod Adam , McGuire Precious , Datta Shirmilla , Li Julie , Wabe Nasir , Franco Guilherme S. , Dai Zhaoli , de Mel Gihan , Gault Emma , Sheikh Muhammad Kashif , Georgiou Andrew
Published: November 2022

The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing implementation of response measures directly impacted the delivery of Australian primary care services. Understanding how these measures affected practice activity is important for gauging both their effectiveness and implications for future service planning. During the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a research project was undertaken to determine the impact of the pandemic on Australian general practice activity as a collaborative undertaking between researchers, general practitioners, data custodians, and five primary health networks from New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. The project methodology was based on an established research approach called action research, which involves participatory involvement from key stakeholders throughout the research process. The strength and success of the project’s methodological approach stemmed from the synergistic interrelationship between the four key elements of: collaboration, repeated action research cycles (utilising electronic general practice data), engaged governance, and the production and dissemination of apposite knowledge outcomes. The project approach, knowledge outputs and lessons learned can be adapted to future research undertakings across any primary care setting and highlight the utility of action research and interdisciplinary research collaboration to produce knowledge directly relevant to clinical practice.
Synthetic engineering and biological containment of bacteriophages
Authors: Mitsunaka Shoichi , Yamazaki Kohei , Pramono Ajeng K. , Ikeuchi Megumi , Kitao Tomoe , Ohara Naoya , Kubori Tomoko , Nagai Hiroki , Ando Hiroki
Published: November 2022

The serious threats posed by drug-resistant bacterial infections and recent developments in synthetic biology have fueled a growing interest in genetically engineered phages with therapeutic potential. To date, many investigations on engineered phages have been limited to proof of concept or fundamental studies using phages with relatively small genomes or commercially available “phage display kits”. Moreover, safeguards supporting efficient translation for practical use have not been implemented. Here, we developed a cell-free phage engineering and rebooting platform. We successfully assembled natural, designer, and chemically synthesized genomes and rebooted functional phages infecting gram-negative bacteria and acid-fast mycobacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrated the creation of biologically contained phages for the treatment of bacterial infections. These synthetic biocontained phages exhibited similar properties to those of a parent phage against lethal sepsis in vivo. This efficient, flexible, and rational approach will serve to accelerate phage biology studies and can be used for many practical applications, including phage therapy.
Keratocytes migrate against flow with a roly-poly-like mechanism
Authors: Seveau de Noray Valentine , Manca Fabio , Mainil Inès , Remson Alexandre , Biarnes-Pelicot Martine , Gabriele Sylvain , Valignat Marie-Pierre , Theodoly Olivier
Published: November 2022

While cell migration can be directed by various mechanical cues such as force, deformation, stiffness, or flow, the associated mechanisms and functions may remain elusive. Single cell migration against flow, repeatedly reported with leukocytes, is arguably considered as active and mediated by integrin mechanotransduction, or passive and determined by a mechanical bias. Here, we reveal a phenotype of flow mechanotaxis with fish epithelial keratocytes that orient upstream or downstream at shear stresses around tens of dyn cm
−2
. We show that each cell has an intrinsic orientation that results from the mechanical interaction of flow with its morphology. The bulbous trailing edge of a keratocyte generates a hydrodynamical torque under flow that stabilizes an upstream orientation, just as the heavy lower edge of a roly-poly toy generates a gravitational torque that stabilizes an upright position. In turn, the wide and flat leading edge of keratocytes destabilizes upstream orientation, allowing the existence of two distinct phenotypes. To formalize these observations, we propose a simple mechanical model that considers keratocyte morphology as a hemisphere preceded by a wide thin sheet. Our findings show that this model can recapitulate the phase diagram of single cell orientation under flow without adjustable parameters. From a larger perspective, this passive mechanism of keratocytes flow mechanotaxis implies a potential absence of physiological function and evolution-driven process.
Global gradients in the distribution of animal polyploids
Authors: David Kyle T.
Published: November 2022

Whole genome duplications (WGDs) are one of the most dramatic mutations that can be found in nature. The effects of WGD vary dramatically but can have profound impacts on an organism’s expression, cytotype, and phenotype, altering their evolutionary trajectory as a result. Despite the growing appreciation for the contribution of WGDs in animal evolution, the significant factors influencing how polyploid animal lineages are established and maintained are still not well understood. Many hypotheses have been proposed which predict how climate and environment may influence polyploid incidence and evolution. To test and distinguish between these hypotheses, I assembled a global dataset of polyploid occurrences in three animal clades (Amphibia, Actinopterygii, and Insecta). The dataset encompasses chromosomal, phylogenetic, environmental, and climatic data across 57,905 species in 2,223 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecoregions. My analysis reveals a strong latitudinal gradient in all three clades, with the tendency for polyploid taxa to occur more frequently at higher latitudes. Many variables were significant (phylogenetic ANOVA
P
< 0.05 after Bonferroni correction) between polyploids and diploids across taxa, notably those pertaining to temperature dynamics and glaciation. Glaciation in particular appears to be the most significant driver of polyploidy in animals, as these models had the highest relative likelihoods consistently across clades. These results contribute to a model of evolution wherein the broader genomic toolkit of polyploids facilitates adaptation and ecological resilience, enabling polyploids to colonize new or rapidly changing environments.
Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin induces mesothelioma eradication, anti-tumor immunity, and the development of tertiary lymphoid structures
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Tai Chin-Hsien , Liu Xiufen , Pastan Ira
Published: November 2022

LMB-100 is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of a Fab linked to a toxin. It kills cells expressing human mesothelin (hMSLN), which is highly expressed on the surface of mesothelioma and many other cancer cells. Clinically, we observed some patients had delayed responses to an anti-hMSLN immunotoxin treatment, suggesting the induction of anti-tumor immunity. We aimed to develop a mouse model to investigate whether immunotoxin alone can induce anti-tumor immunity and to study the mechanism of this immunity. An immunocompetent transgenic mouse was used to grow mouse mesothelioma AB1 cells expressing hMSLN in the peritoneal cavity. Mice were treated with LMB-100, and mice with complete responses (CRs) were rechallenged with tumor cells to determine whether anti-tumor immunity developed. Changes in gene expression profiles were evaluated by Nanostring, and changes in cytokines and chemokines were checked by protein arrays. The distribution of various immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the mice with tumor reached CRs and developed anti-tumor immunity after LMB-100 treatment alone. The primary response requires CD8
+
T cells, CD4
+
T cells, and B cells. Transcriptional profiling shows that LMB-100 treatment reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment by upregulating chemotaxis signals. LMB-100 treatment upregulates genes associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) development and induces TLS formation in tumors. In sum, immunotoxin-mediated cell death induces anti-tumor immunity and the development of TLS, which provides insights into how immunotoxins cause tumor regressions.
Enhanced production of acetyl-CoA-based products via peroxisomal surface display in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yocum Hannah C. , Bassett Shane , Da Silva Nancy A.
Published: November 2022

Colocalization of enzymes is a proven approach to increase pathway flux and the synthesis of nonnative products. Here, we develop a method for enzyme colocalization using the yeast peroxisomal membrane as an anchor point. Pathway enzymes were fused to the native Pex15 anchoring motif to enable display on the surface of the peroxisome facing the cytosol. The peroxisome is the sole location of β-oxidation in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
and acetyl-CoA is a by-product that is exported in the form of acetyl-carnitine. To access this untapped acetyl-CoA pool, we surface-anchored the native peroxisomal/mitochondrial enzyme Cat2 to convert acetyl-carnitine to acetyl-CoA directly upon export across the peroxisomal membrane; this increased acetyl-CoA levels 3.7-fold. Subsequent surface attachment of three pathway enzymes – Cat2, a high stability Acc1 (for conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA), and the type III PKS 2-pyrone synthase – demonstrated the success of peroxisomal surface display for both enzyme colocalization and access to acetyl-CoA from exported acetyl-carnitine. Synthesis of the polyketide triacetic acid lactone increased by 21% over cytosolic expression at low gene copy number, and an additional 11-fold (to 766 mg/L) after further optimization. Finally, we explored increasing peroxisomal membrane area through overexpression of the peroxisomal biogenesis protein Pex11. Our findings establish peroxisomal surface display as an efficient strategy for enzyme colocalization and for accessing the peroxisomal acetyl-CoA pool to increase synthesis of acetyl-CoA-based products.
Tourism Development and Environmental Commitment in Hurghada and El Gouna on Egypt’s Red Sea coast
Authors: Ibrahim Zainub
Published: November 2022

Egypt’s Red Sea coast underwent extensive tourism development throughout the 1980s and 90s. It is believed that these have been the cause of extensive environmental damage, particularly to the ecologically sensitive coral reefs that extend across much of the coast. This case study looks at the neighboring towns of Hurghada and El Gouna. Although Hurghada and El Gouna are identical destinations in terms of weather, water clarity, corals, watersports, and many other characteristics, they differ drastically in terms of environmental commitment.

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© The Author 2022
Sachihiro Matsunaga: FISHing the nuclear architecture of plant cells
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia
Published: November 2022

Sachihiro Matsunaga studies the nuclear structure and chromatin dynamics of plants.
Huntingtin regulates calcium fluxes in skeletal muscle
Authors: Chivet Mathilde , McCluskey Maximilian , Nicot Anne Sophie , Brocard Julie , Beaufils Mathilde , Giovannini Diane , Giannesini Benoit , Poreau Brice , Brocard Jacques , Humbert Sandrine , Saudou Frédéric , Fauré Julien , Marty Isabelle
Published: November 2022

The expression of the Huntingtin protein, well known for its involvement in the neurodegenerative Huntington’s disease, has been confirmed in skeletal muscle. The impact of HTT deficiency was studied in human skeletal muscle cell lines and in a mouse model with inducible and muscle-specific HTT deletion. Characterization of calcium fluxes in the knock-out cell lines demonstrated a reduction in excitation–contraction (EC) coupling, related to an alteration in the coupling between the dihydropyridine receptor and the ryanodine receptor, and an increase in the amount of calcium stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum, linked to the hyperactivity of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an association of HTT with junctophilin 1 (JPH1) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), both providing clues on the functional effects of HTT deletion on calcium fluxes. Characterization of muscle strength and muscle anatomy of the muscle-specific HTT-KO mice demonstrated that HTT deletion induced moderate muscle weakness and mild muscle atrophy associated with histological abnormalities, similar to the phenotype observed in tubular aggregate myopathy. Altogether, this study points toward the hypotheses of the involvement of HTT in EC coupling via its interaction with JPH1, and on SOCE via its interaction with JPH1 and/or STIM1.
Inverse potential problem for a semilinear generalized fractional diffusion equation with spatio-temporal dependent coefficients
Authors: Ma Wenjun , Sun Liangliang
Published: November 2022

In this work, we are interested in an inverse potential problem for a semilinear generalized fractional diffusion equation with a time-dependent principal part. The missing time-dependent potential is reconstructed from an additional integral measured data over the domain. Due to the nonlinearity of the equation and arising of a space-time dependent principal part operator in the model, such a nonlinear inverse problem is novel and significant. The well-posedness of the forward problem is firstly investigated by using the well known Rothe’s method. Then the existence and uniqueness of the inverse problem are obtained by employing the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem, a coerciveness of the fractional derivative and Gronwall’s inequality, as well as the regularities of the direct problem. Also, the ill-posedness of the inverse problem is proved by analyzing the properties of the forward operator. Finally a modified non-stationary iterative Tikhonov regularization method is used to find a stable approximate solution for the potential term. Numerical examples in one- and two-dimensional cases are provided to illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Universal characteristics of one-dimensional non-Hermitian superconductors
Authors: Li Yang , Cao Yang , Chen Yuanping , Yang Xiaosen
Published: November 2022

We establish a non-Bloch band theory for one-dimensional(1D) non-Hermitian topological superconductors. The universal physical properties of non-Hermitian topological superconductors are revealed based on the theory. According to the particle-hole symmetry, there exist reciprocal particle and hole loops of generalized Brillouin zone. The critical point of quantum phase transition, where the energy gap closes, appears when the particle and hole loops intersect at Bloch points. If the non-Hermitian system has non-Hermitian skin effects, the non-Hermitian skin effect should be the Z
2 skin effect: the corresponding eigenstates of particle and hole localize at opposite ends of an open chain, respectively. The non-Bloch band theory is applied to two examples, non-Hermitian p- and s-wave topological superconductors. In terms of Majorana Pfaffian, a Z
2 non-Bloch topological invariant is defined to establish the non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence for the non-Hermitian topological superconductors.
A deep generative model based on CNN-CVAE for wind turbine condition monitoring
Authors: Liu Jiarui , Yang Guotian , Li Xinli , Hao Shumin , Guan Yingming , Li Yaqi
Published: November 2022

Auto-encoder (AE)-based condition monitoring (CM) methods for fault detection of wind turbines have received considerable attention due to their powerful feature extraction ability. However, traditional AE-based monitoring methods can only learn point-to-point features by minimizing reconstruction errors, which leads to a low sensitivity to anomaly data and weak robustness to noise data. To this end, we introduce a novel deep generative method based on the convolutional neural network (CNN)-conditional variational auto-encoder (CVAE). The key idea of CNN-CVAE is to unify the representation learning capacity of the CVAE and CNN. Specifically, CVAE can learn a probability distribution model by being trained on an anomaly-free supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) dataset; CNN and deconvolution operations are adopted for better time-series feature extraction and reconstruction performance. A statistical process control chart is applied to determine the alarm threshold. The effectiveness of the CNN-CVAE-based method is validated by datasets collected by SCADA installed in a commercial wind farm in China for impending blade breakage and gearbox failure. Abundant experiments with state-of-the-art deep learning-based CM methods are conducted, which indicate that our proposed method outperforms other methods in robustness, fault detection data sensitivity, fault warning time, and model parameters.
High-performance dual-sensitive flexible sensors based on conductive alginate sponge electrode/polyvinylidene fluoride microporous composite film
Authors: Fu Yu , Wan Zhenshuai , Zhao Shijie , Tian Ye , Zhao Zhihua , Wei Zunghang
Published: November 2022

This work reported a novel dual-sensitive flexible sandwich sensor based on conductive natural biopolymers sponge electrode and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film with superiorities of high sensitivity, long lifespan and low density. The unique natural biopolymers sponge electrode, consisting of bidisperse magnetic particles and sodium alginate/chitosan (SA/CHI) with physically-crosslinked double-network structure, showed a high response capability to external magnetic fields. Besides, by combining the advantages of SA/CHI sponge electrode (high elasticity and flexibility) and PVDF film (exceptional stiffness and piezoelectricity), the SA/CHI/PVDF composite film also exhibited preferable mechanical strength and strain-dependent electrical property, which can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of high sensitivity detection to external magnetic fields and strains. Specifically, the relative resistance variation of SA/CHI/PVDF-1.00 sensor reached as high as 60.4% under a cycling loading of 240 mT magnetic field. Meanwhile, their electrical responses could also display a significant variation and relatively stable recoverability under periodic stretching, bending or compressing excitations. Afterwards, a potential working mechanism and equivalent circuit model were provided to study the magnetic/mechanic sensitivity of SA/CHI/PVDF sensors. Furthermore, a 4 × 4 SA/CHI/PVDF sensor array was developed to perceive and distinguish both magnetic field and compressive force, which indicated its favorable potential in wearable electronics and soft robotics.
New method for fitting complex resonance curve to study nonlinear superconducting resonators
Authors: Dai X , Liu X , He Q , Chen Y , Mai Z , Shi Z , Guo W , Wang Y , Wei L F , Vissers M R , Gao J
Published: November 2022

We present a new fitting method that can robustly and accurately fit the complex transmission curve of a superconducting resonator in the nonlinear regime. This method takes into account the varying internal current in the resonator at different frequencies and the nonlinear dependence of the inductance on the internal current

L
=

L

0

(
1
+

I
2

/

I

∗

2

)

, where

I

∗

is a characteristic current. We demonstrate using this method to retrieve important resonator parameters, such as the quality factor and the resonance frequency, from resonators driven below, near, and above bifurcation. We further use this method to retrieve

I

∗

for lumped-element TiN resonators with various inductor designs. By fitting the resonance frequency shift at different readout powers of each resonator, we can determine the characteristic current

I

∗

, which is found to be linearly related to the cross-sectional area of the narrow inductor strip. Our method has wide applications in superconducting detector, superconducting qubit and parametric amplifier data analysis where the resonator is driven in the nonlinear regime.