bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 Infection Across Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mansur Aldossari* Hamad
Published: February 2024

Saudi Arabia, a large country in terms of population size and geographical area, administrative areas, and governorates, has metropolises, cities (large, medium-sized, and small), towns, and rural neighborhoods. COVID-19 epidemic of the millennium spread all over the country with differentials regarding infection (rates, percentages, and affected areas), besides day-to-day increases. This analysis of data compiled from COVID-19 daily reports published by the Saudi Ministry of Health considers administrative areas and localities (neighborhoods) to demonstrate the distribution of spread, increase of infection, and proportion of population infected over a period between 21 March 2020 and 4 May 2023. Many of the infected cases were reported in three major administrative areas, i.e., Riyadh, Makkah, and the Eastern Region; other regions had a smaller number of infected cases. On the other hand, some locations, especially medium-sized upcoming towns, and neighborhoods, had a greater number of persons seriously affected at a rapid pace with seasonal differentials. In addition, a varying number of infections and a wider geographical spread were observed. Such details of COVID-19 infection would be useful not only to develop combating strategies but also to create epidemic and emergency preparedness..
Disaster Rights: Public and Private Responsibility in Safeguarding Human Rights during Environmental Disasters
Authors: Ferrari Flávia Jeane , Séllos-Knoerr Viviane Coêlho de , Souza Netto Antonio Evangelista de
Published: February 2024

Objective: This research aims to examine the construction of Disaster Law, focusing on the allocation of responsibility to private entities and its correlation with Human Rights, Business Law, and Environmental Law spheres. The study intends to clarify the emerging inclusion of human rights, business law, and environmental law as indispensable aspects within the realm of Disaster Law. Method: The research adopts a dialectical method, employing bibliographic and normative analysis to elucidate the integration of human rights, business law, and environmental law as essential components in Disaster Law. Existing documents from international agencies and programs that encompass the legal aspects of environmental disasters will be examined and analyzed to achieve the research objectives. Results: The analysis will shed light on the premises of Disaster Law in alignment with environmental rights and human rights. The research seeks to initiate discussions on the development of a comprehensive legal framework for disasters, encompassing responsibilities of both public and private entities, with the aim of safeguarding inherent human rights. Conclusions: The urgent need for discussions on the establishment of Disaster Law, holding both public and private entities accountable, and ensuring the protection of human rights justifies the significance of this research. By exploring the interconnections between Disaster Law, Human Rights, Business Law, and Environmental Law, this study contributes to the construction of a comprehensive legal framework that addresses the challenges posed by environmental disasters.
Havacılıkta Dijital Hizmet Sunumunun Turistik Deneyim Üzerindeki Etkisinde Teknolojik Hazıroluşluğun Düzenleyici Rolü
Authors: ÇIKMAZ Gül , BALTACI Furkan , KANUŞAĞI İlhan
Published: February 2024

Dijitalleşme, farklı iş kollarında farklı şekillerde gerçekleşebilen bir dönüşümü ifade eder ve somut bir çerçevesi eksiktir. İşletmeler için bu dönüşüm, işleyişlerini değiştirme ihtiyacını yaratırken, havacılık sektörü de dahil olmak üzere birçok süreci etkileyen bir faktördür. Teknolojik hazıroluşluk ise bir bireyin genel olarak teknolojiye yönelik zihinsel durumunu ifade eder. Bu çalışma havacılıkta dijital hizmet sunumunun turistik deneyim üzerindeki etkisinde teknolojik hazıroluşluğun düzenleyici rolünü ortaya koymak amacıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 1328 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Kullanılan ölçeklerle elde edilen verilerin yapısal geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ortaya koyulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında oluşturulan hipotezler yapısal model aracılığıyla test edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, havayollarının sunduğu dijital hizmetlerin turist deneyimini olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Söz konusu dijital hizmetlerin hem hedonik hem de tanıma deneyimini olumlu yönde etkilemesi havayolu işletmelerinin karlılığı açısından önemli görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, katılımcıların dijital hazır oluşuk düzeyleri, sunulan dijital hizmetlerin deneyim üzerindeki etkisini düzenleyici rol oynamaktadır.
Greenstone
Authors: Fushimi Marcela , Pichinini Mariana , Sanllorenti Ana María Sanllorenti , Williman Martín
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta as características e a história do software para criar e gerenciar bibliotecas digitais Greenstone, desenvolvidas inicialmente pela Universidade de Waikato, Nova Zelândia, em 1997. Primeiro, a comunidade de usuários é descrita a nível global, com foco no uso atual que o software conseguiu na Argentina: o número de implementações disponíveis, sua evolução, o tipo, tamanho e variedade dos desenvolvimentos existentes, bem como a sua aplicação à gestão de repositórios digitais de ciência e tecnologia no campo das instituições científicas, tecnológicas e de ensino superior na Argentina. Em segundo lugar, são detalhadas as ações realizadas após a criação do Centro Nacional para a Promoção da Greenstone na Argentina em 2009. Os dados coletados das pesquisas permitiram observar que os motivos predominantes para a escolha desta plataforma foram, entre outros, a facilidade de instalação e configuração, seu baixo nível de requisitos tecnológicos, a escassez geral de recursos humanos dedicados a essa atividade e a complexidade do software alternativo existente naquele momento. Ao longo destes 8 anos, tanto os repositórios digitais quanto os sistemas que os suportam evoluíram drasticamente, modificando o cenário atual. Paralelamente, em 2016, a nova versão principal da Greenstone implementou uma reengenharia completa do software para adaptá-la às tecnologias em uso: XML, XSLT, serviços Web e Java. Como consequência disso, a comunidade de desenvolvimento local apresenta novos desafios para a migração de bibliotecas digitais e repositórios implementados com versões anteriores.
Targeting vascular senescence in cardiovascular disease with aging
Authors: Hall Shelby A. , Lesniewski Lisa A.
Published: February 2024

Aging is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two major age-associated arterial phenotypes, endothelial dysfunction and large elastic arterial stiffness, are autonomous predictors of future CVD diagnosis and contribute to the progression of CVD in older adults. Senescent cells lose the capacity to proliferate but remain metabolically active and secrete inflammatory factors termed senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), leading to an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress. Accumulation of senescent cells is linked with the progression of age-related diseases and has been known to play a role in cardiovascular disease. In this brief review, we describe the characteristics and mechanisms of senescent cell accumulation and how senescent cells promote endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. We focus on a range of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the burden of endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis through targeting senescent cells. Studies have begun to investigate a specific class of drugs that are able to selectively eliminate senescent cells, termed senolytics, which have shown great promise in reversing the aging phenotype and ameliorating pathologies in age-related disorders, creating a new opportunity for aging research. Generating therapies targeting the elimination of senescent cells would improve health span and increase longevity, making senolytics a promising therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
Blockade of CD300A enhances the ability of human NK cells to lyse hematologic malignancies
Authors: Li Shuangcheng , Wang Tianci , Xiao Xinghui , Zheng Xiaodong , Sun Haoyu , Sun Rui , Ma Hongdi , Tian Zhigang , Zheng Xiaohu
Published: February 2024

Objective: The human cluster of differentiation (CD)300A, a type-I transmembrane protein with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, was investigated as a potential immune checkpoint for human natural killer (NK) cells targeting hematologic malignancies (HMs). Methods: We implemented a stimulation system involving the CD300A ligand, phosphatidylserine (PS), exposed to the outer surface of malignant cells. Additionally, we utilized CD300A overexpression, a CD300A blocking system, and a xenotransplantation model to evaluate the impact of CD300A on NK cell efficacy against HMs in in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we explored the association between CD300A and HM progression in patients. Results: Our findings indicated that PS hampers the function of NK cells. Increased CD300A expression inhibited HM lysis by NK cells. CD300A overexpression shortened the survival of HM-xenografted mice by impairing transplanted NK cells. Blocking PS–CD300A signals with antibodies significantly amplified the expression of lysis function-related proteins and effector cytokines in NK cells, thereby augmenting the ability to lyse HMs. Clinically, heightened CD300A expression correlated with shorter survival and an “exhausted” phenotype of intratumoral NK cells in patients with HMs or solid tumors. Conclusions: These results propose CD300A as a potential target for invigorating NK cell-based treatments against HMs.
Analysis Analysis of the ability to understand junior high school mathematics concepts in the material of quadrilaterals
Authors: Lailiyatul Amanda , Qowiyuddin Agus , Huda Khoirul
Published: February 2024

Build a flat quadrangle It is a certain line segment which is joined by four points where the points are not in a line, which in pairs meet at the ends and each line segment must meet with two corners which are formed called the corners in a quadrilateral with the corner points being the four points the. Quadrilateral shapes include squares, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses, kites and trapezoids. (Nadjib, 2014) The aim of this research is to determine and describe the ability to understand mathematical concepts of rectangular flat shapes at Al-Hidayah Sukorejo Middle School Class VII. The research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The data collection technique is a sampling technique. From 37 students we take 4 students from the highest score to the lowest score. The results will show their respective understanding abilities towards the mathematical concept of flat shapes.
Corrective Osteotomy and Ligamentous Reconstruction in a Neglected Elbow Dislocation with Radial Neck Malunion
Authors: Negi Deepak Kumar , Aduri Tharun Teja , Thami Tarkik , Bhayana Himanshu
Published: February 2024

Case:

Neglected elbow dislocation and radial neck malunion frequently result in chronic pain, instability, and early arthrosis. These complications are best prevented by early treatment with open reduction, corrective osteotomy, and ligament reconstruction, followed by early supervised physiotherapy. We present a peculiar case with neglected complex elbow dislocation and radial head malunion. In this case, we performed an open reduction of the elbow joint and radial neck corrective osteotomy, medial collateral ligament, annular ligament reconstruction, and lateral collateral ligament repair.

Conclusion:

Neglected complex elbow dislocations require reconstruction of both ligamentous and osseous structures to achieve a good functional outcome.
Study of Physicochemical Properties of Beeswax Addition to Chocolate Candy Products
Authors: Arziyah Dewi , Putri Aprilia
Published: February 2024

The development of the cocoa agro-industry in West Sumatra cannot be separated from the variety of products produced including chocolate candy which is the most popular processed cocoa product but this product has the disadvantage of melting easily at room temperature. Beeswax is one of the materials that can be a hardness base that can be applied to food. The use of beeswax in chocolate candy is expected to provide a solution for the cocoa agro-industry. This study aims to determine the effect of different percentages of beeswax on the characteristics of chocolate candy. The design used in this study is a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments with 3 replications. Observational data were analyzed with variance analysis (ANOVA) if significantly different, DNMRT (Duncan's New Multiple Range Test) was conducted at a real level of 5%. The treatments used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% addition of beeswax percentage to chocolate candy. The results showed that the addition of beeswax percentage had a significant effect on fat, hardness, and organoleptic properties but did not significantly affect the water content of chocolate candy. The physical and chemical values are hardness 209.92 N/cm2, moisture content 1.01%, fat content 44.11%. Meanwhile, the organoleptic test results showed that treatment E was the most desirable product.
Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Pembunuhan Brigadir J di Media Online CNNIndonesia.com
Authors: Amrin Amrin
Published: February 2024

This research aims to find out how the framing was carried out by CNNIndonesia.com in reporting on the murder case of Brigadier J, July 11-12 2022 edition. This research uses a qualitative description approach with Robert N Entman's framing analysis method, where Entman's framing analysis includes four stages: Define problem , Diagnose cause, Make moral Judgment, and Treatment recommendation. The results of the research show that, Define problem, disclosure of the murder case of Brigadier J. Diagnose cause is that the police believe that Brigadier J's death was motivated by sexual harassment towards the wife of the Head of the National Police Propam Division, Inspector General Ferdy Sambo. Make a moral judgment where the police emphasize Brigadier J's immoral behavior and temperament which has sexually harassed Ferdy Sambo's wife. Treatment recommendation, CNNIndonesia.com emphasizes two solutions, namely: first, the Police through the South Jakarta Metro Police and the Police Propam Division to continue to investigate the case of Brigadier J's death. Second, encourage the formation of a joint fact-finding team (TGPF) to uncover the case of his death. Brigadier J..
Explicit and Implicit Numerical Investigationof One-Dimensional Heat Equation Based on Spline Collocation and Thomas Algorithm
Authors: Jena Saumya Ranjan , Senapati Archana
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the explicit and implicit techniques are adopted to obtain the numerical solution of one-dimensional heat equation (parabolic linear partial differential equation) with the help of cubic spline technique. Spline provides continuous solution and the set of simultaneous equations obtained in explicit as well as implicit scheme can be solved by Thomas algorithm form tridiagonal dominant matrix. The efficiency and accuracy of the present scheme is justified through five numerical examples and the results are also compared with the analytical results and others in terms of error and error norms and . Stability analysis is performed using Von-Neuman approach and truncation error of both the schemes are performed and found to be convergence of order.
A 41-year_old female with unilateral isolated fallopian tube torsion: A rare Case Report from Syria.
Authors: Alsmoudi Hasan , Sleiay Mouhammed , Buz Ahmad , Alajami Lojain , alokla Abdulrahim Hamad , Alajami Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Isolated fallopian tube torsion (IFTT) in the absence of ovarian abnormalities represents an uncommon gynecological etiology for acute pelvic pain, with an estimated incidence of around 1 in 1,500,000, as documented since the initial reported case by Bland-Sutton in 1890.A 41-year-old woman presented at the emergency department reporting symptoms indicative of intestinal obstruction, including nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and persistent abdominal discomfort over the preceding four-day period. Subsequent diagnosis revealed that she was experiencing isolated fallopian tube torsion.Healthcare providers should contemplate the possibility of isolated fallopian tube torsion when assessing women with sudden onset of abdominal pain, particularly those with a prior history of tubal ligation. The consideration of isolated fallopian tube torsion is also warranted in instances where acute abdominal pain accompanies an adnexal mass.
Dual-nutrient induced stress tolerance in wheat is regulated by nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, assimilation, reutilization, and differential expression of candidate genes
Authors: Pandey Renu , Sharma Sandeep , Mishra Ankita , Sakhare Akshay Sureshrao , Meena Surendra Kumar , Vengavasi Krishnapriya
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims
We investigated genetic variability in wheat for dual-nutrient stress (DNS) tolerance in field conditions due to soil deficiencies in essential nutrients like nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Most studies focus on model plants in controlled environments, but our research addresses DNS tolerance at the whole-plant level in real-world field conditions.
Methods
Seventy wheat genotypes were evaluated in field under low nutrient conditions (two years each for N and P). Data were subjected to principal component analysis and genotypes clustering by Ward’s method. In selected genotypes, the DNS tolerance mechanisms at physiological and molecular level were studied under different N and P treatment combinations.
Results
Field evaluation under low N and P demonstrated decreased total biomass and grain yield while nutrient use efficiency increased in comparison to their respective controls. The PCA (PC1+PC2) accounted for 54.1% (low N) and 56.1% (low P) genetic variability. Among genotypes, the physiological traits (biomass, N and P uptake, root morphology, N assimilation, extracellular acid phosphatase activity) were superior in HD2781, while inferior in C306 thereby, confirming the pattern obtained in the field. The expression of candidate genes involved in N and P transport, N assimilation, internal P remobilization, and transcription factors was significantly higher in HD2781 in comparison to C306.
Conclusion
Differential gene expression in wheat, particularly in genotype HD2781, enhances nutrient uptake, assimilation, and internal reutilization, contributing to dual-nutrient stress (DNS) tolerance. Recognizing resilient genotypes like HD2781 is crucial for sustaining wheat productivity in low-fertility soils.
Study on the correlation of chemical weathering indicators with paleoclimate recovery and major chemical constituents in sediments from Chaohu Lake, China
Authors: Huang Ming , Liu Ya-nan , Chen Fu-rong , Tao Yong , Sun Ya-min
Published: February 2024

Usually, the study of inland lake sediments is mostly limited to sedimentary features, isotopes, grain size, magnetization rate, etc., while the study of material composition and weathering characteristics of inland lake sediments can deepen the understanding of chemical weathering of inland lakes. In this thesis, four positive chemical weathering indicators and one negative chemical weathering indicator were selected to study the surface and deep sediments of Chaohu Lake, China, and to analyze the chemical composition of Chaohu Lake sediments and the chemical compositional characteristics of source rocks in the Chaohu Lake basin. The mean CIA of Chaohu Lake sediments is <65, indicating that the Chaohu Lake Basin has a weak chemical weathering intensity, and the paleoclimate belongs to a cold, dry environment. The characteristics of Th/U, Sc/Th, Rb/Sr, Na2O/K2O, CaO/MgO and OC/N of the Chaohu sediments reflect the paleoclimate characteristics and the chemical composition of the source rocks in the Chaohu basin. The CIA, CIW, PIA, and CIX of Chaohu Lake sediments and the related chemical compositions as well as the ratios, showed significant positive or negative correlation or no correlation, which can correspond to the paleoclimate information of Chaohu Lake sediments and the distribution characteristics of the acquired chemical compositions, whereas WIP, a negative indicator of chemical weathering, did not show consistent correlation with the related chemical compositions as well as the ratios, which is not of significant research significance. To study the chemical weathering characteristics of Chaohu Lake sediments, it is necessary to combine with the geological characteristics of the lake basin, especially to analyze the chemical composition of rocks in the lake basin, and also to study the inlet rivers of inland lakes in order to analyze the chemical weathering characteristics of the sediments.
Unraveling Jasmonate-Mediated Plant Immunity Against Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae) in Peach: An Integrated Transcriptomic and RNA Sequencing Approach
Authors: Wang Xianyou , Guo Longlong , Zeng Yi , Zhou Ruijin , Fan Rongyao , Yan Yujun , Li Li
Published: February 2024

The green peach aphid (GPA) is considered one of the most destructive pests posing a significant threat to the growth and fruit quality of peach trees (Prunus persica). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent an essential group of endogenous RNAs that play gene regulatory roles in plants. In this study, we identified 1776 lncRNAs from healthy and GPA-infested P. persica tissues, employing high-throughput strand-specific RNA sequencing. Our rigorous analysis of differential gene expression yielded 2871 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), with 1803 genes exhibiting upregulation and 1068 genes exhibiting downregulation in response to the presence of GPA in peach trees. Our findings reveal the potential of lncRNAs to serve as crucial microRNA (miRNA) targets, thereby exerting a significant influence on miRNA activity. We further predicted two differentially expressed lncRNA–DEG pairs (circ16–miR482a and circ116–miR319a) associated with jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Notably, endogenous JA levels in peach trees were continuously induced, primarily as a resistance mechanism against GPA infestation. Furthermore, spray application of JA significantly curtailed the GPA population.
Integrating Observational and Modelled Data to Advance the Understanding of Heat Stress Effects on Pregnant Subsistence Farmers in The Gambia
Authors: Bouverat Carole , Badjie Jainaba , Samateh Tida , Saidy Tida , Murray Kris A , Prentice Andrew M , Maxwell Neil , Haines Andy , Cabrera Ana Maria Vicedo , Bonell Ana
Published: February 2024

Studies on the effect of heat stress on pregnant women are scarce, particularly in highly vulnerable populations. To support the risk assessment of pregnant subsistence farmers in The Gambia, we conducted a study on the pathophysiological effects of extreme heat stress and assessed the applicability of heat stress indices. We added location-specific modelled solar radiation from ERA5 climate reanalysis to datasets from a previous observational cohort study involving on-site measurements of 92 women working in the heat. Associations between physiological and environmental variables were assessed through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, mixed effect linear models with random intercepts per participant and confirmatory composite analysis. We found low to moderate associations (0 < r < 0.54) and robust estimates for independent effects of environmental variables on skin- and tympanic temperature, but not on heart rate and core temperature. Skin temperature increased more significantly in conditions above a 50% relative humidity threshold, demonstrating interactive effects between air temperature and relative humidity. Pregnant women experienced stronger pathophysiological effects of heat stress in their third than in their second trimester. In conclusion, environmental heat stress significantly altered maternal heat strain, particularly under humid conditions. Based on our results, we recommend including UTCI or WBGT in local heat-health warning systems.
Evaluation of Cu-toxicity in agricultural topsoil contaminated by different sources in central Chile
Authors: Schoffer J. Tomás , Aponte Humberto , Neaman Alexander , Fuente Luz María de la , Ginocchio Rosanna
Published: February 2024

The primary fruit production zone in Chile lies in the lowland areas of the central region, which has a history of soil copper pollution due to both copper mining (in the highlands) and the use of copper-based pesticides in agriculture. This study assessed the phytotoxic effect of copper in agricultural topsoil contaminated by different sources in the region. A total of 13 agricultural sites, including polluted soils and a background unpolluted soil, were sampled, and a toxicity bioassay was conducted using Lolium perenne. Multiple linear regression models revealed that copper has a significant negative impact on plant growth, whereas soluble zinc, organic matter, available nitrogen, and clay have positive effects and mitigate copper toxicity (p < 0.001). The effective concentration at 50% (EC50) of the total soil copper was 1030 mg kg− 1 for shoot length and 1084 mg kg− 1 for shoot dry mass. These results correspond with the EC50 values reported in previous studies that also used real-world contaminated soils. Moreover, the findings are noteworthy as only six studies have estimated copper toxicity thresholds for plants grown in contaminated soils. Overall, the results highlight the complex nature of copper toxicity in plants grown in soils contaminated by different sources and underscore the importance of considering multiple factors when assessing the impact of contaminants on plant growth in soils contaminated by various metals besides copper.
Electricity consumption and adaptation to climate change: heterogeneity across regions and economic sectors in China
Authors: Chen Hanyi , Li Qingran , Wang Xuebin
Published: February 2024

There is growing empirical evidence that a warming climate will induce adaptation of the electricity system. Less understood is the extent to which climate change could exert on electricity demand given heterogeneity in consumption patterns and the latent mechanisms driving these patterns. We statistically estimate an asymmetric U-shaped temperature response function of city-level daily electricity consumptions using data in years 2018–2019 and examine heterogeneous responses across regions and economic sectors. Benefiting from the high-frequency electricity consumption data that covers 92 Chinese cities and multiple economic sectors, our findings speak to both the intensive margin as well as the extensive margin adaptation to climate change. We find that access to district heating can explain the asymmetry slopes in temperature-load responses. We also find that although the marginal load responses are statistically significant for all sectors in both high (> 25.6°C) and low (< 6.6°C) temperature ranges, the tertiary (service) sector load is more sensitive to temperature changes. Taking account of the tertiarization trend, we predict about 66% of the cities will experience more than 3% increase in their summer daily electricity consumption before year 2040. This will likely require substantial investments to expand power grid capacity and to build up energy storage.
Understanding Parkinson's Disease Conversations on Chinese Social Media: Themes, Trends, and Connections
Authors: Zhang Huihe , Wu Yue , Lin Bangyan , Tan Jiale , Xie Xinhao , Liang Zhenlin , Luo Peng , Feng Zeying
Published: February 2024

Parkinson's disease profoundly impacts patients' quality of life, yet public awareness is limited. As social networks reach broad audiences, they are vital platforms for health communication. This study analyzed Parkinson's disease (PD) topics on China's major social network, Weibo, to reveal public awareness and concerns. We found Parkinson's became a popular keyword due to its association with hand tremors, though this trend may impede public comprehensive understanding of this disease. Through time series analysis, marketing accounts were found to publish misinformation through concentrated posts during specific periods, but this false information had limited impact. Further analysis of communication network structures showed people focused more on mutual aid than acquiring Parkinson's disease knowledge. This indicates advanced technique should be develop to promote accurate Parkinson's knowledge through social media. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic over the past three years led people to pay more attention to Parkinson's, demonstrating social media's role in responding to health crises. Overall, this study details how people discuss diseases on social media, providing a basis for developing communication strategies to promote Parkinson's and other diseases, while also informing patient mutual aid systems. To our best knowledge, this is the first study revealing the communications characteristics of PD related contents on social network. The findings may also empower more effective health promotion and patient support worldwide through social networks.
Commelina benghalensis attenuates cyclophosphamide induced hepatotoxicity by preserving hepatic mitochondrial activity through upregulating pro-mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Allakonda Lingesh , Potnuri Ajay Godwin , Ranjan Rakshit , Danaboina Gnana Bhaskar , Kurra Subramanyam , Kumar Sudheer
Published: February 2024

Background
Anticancer therapy is largely impeded by its non-specificity and toxicity. They induce cell death by triggering oxidative stress. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used as antineoplastic agent against solid tumours, lymphomas and leukaemias. Metabolites of CP will potentially damage the glutathione reserves and thereby induces cell death. Strategies that can attenuate this off-target effect of CP could be helpful in successful treatment of cancers with fewer side effects. Commelina benghalensis (Linn) belongs to apocynaceae family and is widely used in oriental traditional medicine. Despite of its medicinal value, its potential against drug induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective effect of hydroethanolic extract of Commelina benghalensis (HECB) in rat model of CP induced hepatotoxicity.
Methods
Chemical characterization of HECB was carried out followed by DPPH assay. Liver weight, serum hepatic enzyme activity and hepatic antioxidant reserves were estimated after treatments at 50 and 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks. Inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNFα were analysed in the tissue lysates. Mitochondrial integrity was performed by analysing Complex I activity followed by estimating the NRF2 and Mitochondrial Transcriptional Factor A (TFAM) levels. Histopathological analysis of liver was carried out and phenobarbitone induced sleeping time was performed to confirm the hepatoprotective effect.
Results
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds were found at higher concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml with a significant free radical scavenging activity as displayed by DPPH assay. Administration of CP has resulted in increased liver weight, elevated serum hepatic enzyme activity along with Inflammatory markers, decreased hepatic antioxidant reserves, profound oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial activity. Correspondingly, daily oral administration of HECB reduced actual and relative liver weights, normalized circulating hepatic enzyme activity as well as inflammatory markers, hepatic oxidative stress and restored antioxidant reserves. Further hepatic mitochondrial activity, NRF2 and TFAM levels were also improved. Hepatoprotective effect pronounced by HECB was further confirmed by histopathological analysis and phenobarbitone induced sleeping time. Nonetheless, the hepatoprotective effect was more prominently observed at 100 mg/kg dose.
Conclusion
Conclusively, the study provides preliminary evidence regarding hepatoprotective activity of HECB and the contribution of its antioxidant potential towards this pharmacological effect.
Development and Validation of MRI-based Brain Volumetry Model Predicting Poor Psychomotor Outcomes in Preterm Neonate
Authors: Park Joonsik , Han Jungho , Song In Gyu , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min Soo , Sohn Beomseok , Shin Jeong Eun
Published: February 2024

Background
Infant FreeSurfer was introduced to address robust quantification and segmentation in the infant brain. The purpose of this study is to develop a new model for predicting the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight preterm infants using automated volumetry extracted from term-equivalent age (TEA) brain MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and clinical information.
Methods
Preterm neonates hospitalized at Severance Children’s Hospital, born between January 2012 and December 2019, were consecutively collected. Inclusion criteria included infants with birth weights under 1500 g who underwent both TEA MRI and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 2nd Edition (BSID-II) assessments at 18–24 months of corrected age (CA). Brain volumetric information was derived from Infant FreeSurfer using 3D T1WI of TEA MRI. Mean and standard deviation of fractional anisotropy of posterior limb of internal capsules were measured. Demographic information and comorbidities were used as clinical information. Study cohorts were split in training and test set with 7:3 ratio. Random forest and logistic regression models were developed to predict low Psychomotor Development Index (PDI < 85) and low Mental Development Index (MDI < 85), respectively. Performance metrics, including the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F1 score, were evaluated in test set.
Results
A total of 150 patient data were analyzed. For predicting low PDI, the random forest classifier was employed. The AUROC values for models using clinical variables, MR volumetry, and both clinical variables and MR volumetry were 0.8435, 0.7281, and 0.9297, respectively. To predict low MDI, a logistic regression model was chosen. The AUROC values for models using clinical variables, MR volumetry, and both clinical variables and MR volumetry were 0.7483, 0.7052, and 0.7755, respectively. The model incorporating both clinical variables and MR volumetry exhibited the highest AUROC values for both PDI and MDI prediction.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a new prediction model utilizing an automated volumetry algorithm significantly distinguishes the long-term psychomotor developmental outcomes of preterm infants. This model can provide additional information in clinical settings without requiring specialized expertise.
Determinants and Outcomes of the Decentralised Management of Patients With Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in the O.r Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa, a Cohort Study
Authors: JO Iruedo , PATHER MICHAEL
Published: February 2024

Background
Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to plague the global community, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, with South Africa bearing a high burden of the disease. Several strategies have been developed and recommended for implementation to improve the outlook of DR-TB management. In 2018, the O.R. Tambo District Municipality implemented a decentralised community-based DR-TB care model. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, with the specific objective of identifying the determinants of successful community-based DR-TB management in the district.
Methods
A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted, enrolling all patients diagnosed with DR-TB in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality, with most managed at five decentralised sites in the district and some managed at the centralised Nkqubela Chest Hospital in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.
Results
A total of 454 patients from six facilities (five decentralised and one centralised) from 2018 to 2020 participated in the study. Their average age was 37.54 years (SD=14.94). There was a preponderance of males in the cohort, at 56.2%, and 62.9% were HIV positive. The combined treatment success was 62.4%, with 34.3% of patients being cured of DR-TB and 28.1% completing their treatment. In total, 11.1% of the cohort died during the study period, and 9.6% were reported as loss to follow-up (LTFU). There were no statistically significant differences between outcomes among patients seen at the decentralised district level and those managed at the centralised specialist hospital.
Conclusion
The decentralised community DR-TB care model was effective, as revealed in the treatment success rate of 62.4% and low reported deaths and patient LTFU. In addition, the decentralised care model was not inferior in any respect to the centralised management of DR-TB.
Contribution: This study furthered our understanding of the impact and effectiveness (improved treatment success and low loss to follow up) of the decentralised community management of DR-TB in the OR Tambo district.
Biosynthesis of Gelatin-coated Zinc oxide nanocomposite from Coccinia indica extract and its antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and wound-healing properties
Authors: Senthikumar Kottaisamy , Rajkumar Manickam , Vimala Karuppaiya , Thangaraj Ramasundaram , Kannan Soundarapandian
Published: February 2024

This present study deals with the synthesis of gelatin-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposites (GN/ZnONCs) using Coccinia indica seed extract using the green preparative method. Synthesized GN/ZnONCs were confirmed by using various characterization techniques for chemical and physical properties. The results of the UV-Vis spectral absorption peak showed 182 nm, and the FTIR study has confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The XRD study illustrated the crystalline structure of GN/ZnONCs. The DLS measurement indicated a stable size of 189.18 nm, with a zeta potential value demonstrating high stability at −30 mV. SEM images displayed the morphology of cauliflower-like spherical shapes and revealed their average particle size, respectively. The 100 µg/mL concentration of GN/ZnONCs exhibited higher antibacterial efficiencies against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Subsequently, the GN/ZnONCs also exhibited excellent antioxidant properties in the DPPH assay (92.61 ± 2.45%), the ABTS assay (76.35 ± 1.54%), and the hydroxyl scavenging assay (88.42 ± 1.73%) at 100 μg/ml concentration. In addition, GN/ZnONCs treatment on the cancer cell line HT-29 showed good anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 45.4 μg/mL. Furthermore, wound healing experiments with enriched GN/ZnONCs with the highest contraction of 98.37 ± 1.45 confirmed faster wound healing and a greater role in the formation of new tissues and cells. The study indicates that green synthesized GN/ZnONCs had anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and wound healing properties that were also eco-friendly and cost-effective, and the possible mechanisms were illustrated for biomedical applications.
An Efficient System for Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Elite Cultivars in Brassica juncea
Authors: Fu Wenyuan , Zhang Xixi , Dong Sihan , Guo liping , Cheng Qiqi , Yu Changchun , Wan Zhengjie
Published: February 2024

Efficient genetic transformation approaches play pivotal roles in both gene function research and crop breeding. However, stable transformation in mustard, particularly for different horticultural types, has not been systematically studied and well-established so far. In this study, we optimized the key factors in the genetic transformation of mustard, including the optical density value of Agrobacteria suspension, the age of explants, and the combination of phytohormones at different concentrations. As a result, the optimal conditions for the genetic transformation of leaf and stem mustard included explants derived from 4-day-old seedlings, infection by 0.8 OD600nm Agrobacteria suspension, and then re-differentiation on the medium containing 2 mg/L trans-Zeatin (TZ) and 0.4 mg/Lauxin (IAA); while those for root mustard were explants derived from 8-day-old seedlings, infection by 0.2 OD600nm Agrobacteria suspension, and the medium containing 2 mg/L TZ and 0.1 mg/L IAA. Overall, this work provides an effective tool for both theoretical study and genetic improvement of Brassica juncea.
Bacillus anthracis in South Africa, 1975-2013: are some lineages vanishing?
Authors: Lekota Kgaugelo , Hassim Ayesha , Ledwaba Maphuti Betty , Glover Barbra A , Dekker Edgar. H. , Schalkwyk Louis Ockert , Rossouw Jennifer , Beyer Wolfgang , Heerder Henritte van
Published: February 2024

The anthrax-causing bacterium Bacillus anthracis comprises the genetic clades A, B, and C. In the northernmost part (Pafuri) of Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, both the common A and rare B strains clades occur. The B clade strains were reported to be dominant in Pafuri before 1991, while A clade strains occurred towards the central parts of KNP. The prevalence of B clade strains is currently much lower as only A clade strains have been isolated from 1992 onwards in KNP. In this study 319 B. anthracis strains were characterized with 31-loci multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-31). B clade strains from soil (n = 9) and a Tragelaphus strepsiceros carcass (n = 1) were further characterised by whole genome sequencing and compared to publicly available genomes. The KNP strains clustered in the B clade before 1991 into two dominant genotypes. South African strains cluster into a dominant genotype A.Br.005/006 consisting of KNP as well as the other anthrax endemic region, Northern Cape Province (NCP), South Africa. A few A.Br.001/002 strains from both endemic areas were also identified. Subclade A.Br.101 belonging to the A.Br.Aust94 lineage were reported in the NCP. The B-clade strains seems to be vanishing, while outbreaks in South Africa are caused mainly by the A.Br.005/006 genotypes as well as a few minor clades such as A.Br.001/002 and A.Br.101 present in NCP. This work confirmed the existence of the rare and vanishing B-clade strains that groups in B.Br.001 branch with KrugerB and A0991 KNP strains.
An unsupervised online Tai Chi program for people with knee osteoarthritis (“My Joint Tai Chi”): protocol for the RETREAT randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Shiyi Julia , Nelligan Rachel K , Hinman Rana S , Kimp Alexander J , De Silva Anurika , Li Peixuan , Harrison Jenny , Bennell Kim L
Published: February 2024

Background
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading contributor to global disability, with exercise proven to be an effective treatment. Tai Chi is a recommended type of exercise, but it is primarily done in person which imposes an accessibility issue, especially in regional/rural areas. To improve access, we rigorously developed an online unsupervised Tai Chi program for people with lower limb OA. This study aims to evaluate the effects of this unsupervised program, when provided with online educational information and exercise adherence support, on changes in knee pain during walking and patient-reported physical function at 12-weeks, when compared to online education control for people with knee OA.
Methods
A two-arm, superiority parallel-design, pragmatic randomised controlled trial will be conducted involving 178 people with a clinical diagnosis of knee OA. After completing baseline assessment, participants will be randomly assigned to either: i) “My Joint Education”, an education control website containing OA information only; or ii) “My Joint Tai Chi”, an intervention website containing the same information as the control, a 12-week unsupervised online Tai Chi program to be undertaken at home 3 times a week, and information about an exercise adherence support app. All participants will be reassessed at 12 weeks after randomisation. Primary outcomes are overall knee pain during walking using an 11-point numeric rating scale and physical function using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index subscale. Secondary outcomes are other self-reported measure of pain, function in sport and recreation and knee-related quality of life; physical and mental well-being; global change in knee condition; fear of movement; pain self-efficacy; balance confidence; positive activated affect; sleep quality and use of oral pain medications.
Discussion
This randomised controlled trial will provide evidence about the effectiveness of the “My Joint Tai Chi” website that contains an unsupervised Tai Chi program and information about OA and an exercise adherence support app compared to online OA educational information alone on self-reported knee pain and physical function for people with knee OA at 12 weeks.
Trial Registration
Prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ID: ACTRN12623000780651) on 18th July 2023.
Date/version: 28th Feb 2024, Version 1
Heterogeneous catalyst of pure and Sr doped cobalt chromite styrene selective oxidation to benzaldehyde
Authors: Geetha V. T. , Selvakumar C. , Kumar S. Shravan , Gopinath S. , Ragupathi C.
Published: February 2024

Doped metal oxide and mixed metal oxide nanoparticles are currently being considered in all relevant domains for their noteworthy chemical and physical features. Through the use of chemical co-precipitation, both undoped and strontium (Sr) doped CoCr2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectra, and photoluminescence studies have all been used to examine the morphological properties of the prepared material system and to discover the precise structure of synthetic materials. Decolorization of 4-Nitrophenol's yellow color is another area of interest in the catalytic characteristics of CoCr2O4 crystals doped with Sr. The catalysts employed were discovered to be readily recyclable and effective catalysts for the oxidation of styrene, with benzaldehyde as the end product.
A novel Clark distance measure method for intuitionistic fuzzy sets with pattern classification applications
Authors: WU Yuchen , Wang Ziwen
Published: February 2024

Fuzzy sets possess remarkable abilities in expressing and handling information uncertainty, which has resulted in their widespread application in various fields. Nevertheless, distance measurement between IFSs for quantitating their differences and levels of differentiation has remained an open problem that deserves attention. Despite the development of various metrics, they either lack intuitive insight or do not satisfy the axioms of distance measurement, leading to counterintuitive results. To address these issues, this paper proposed a distance measurement method based on Clark divergence, which satisfies the distance measurement axioms and exhibits nonlinearity. Numerical examples demonstrate that our method effectively distinguishes different indicators, yielding more reasonable results. Moreover, when comparing relative differences of the results, our method demonstrated superior adaptability to complex environmental decision-making, providing decision-makers with more accurate and confidential judgments. The pattern classification algorithm designed in this paper will offer a promising solution to inference problems.