bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Koroner Bypass Operasyonlarında Safen Ven Grefti Hazırlama Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Şen Onur , Kadiroğulları Ersin
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada koroner bypass cerrahisi (CABG) sırasında safen ven grefti
hazırlanırken tek ya da iki bacaktan safen ven grefti çıkartmanın bacak ağrısı,
sellülit ve ödem açılarından aralarında
fark olup olmadığı araştırıldı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: CABG yapılacak ardışık 80 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Kırkar
hastadan oluşan iki grup oluşturuldu. Gurup-1 de safen ven grefti tek bir bacaktan ve diz eklemini
geçecek bir insizyonla hazırlandı. Gurup-2 de ise safen ven grefti hazırlanırken her iki
bacaktan birer tane greft alınacak şekilde, diz eklemini geçmeyen insizyonlar
yapıldı. Olguların insizyon yapılan bacak çevreleri,
preoperatif evrede, postoperatif 1. hafta ve 1. aylarda, insizyonun 15. cm’den
ölçüldü. Hastalar postoperatif üçüncü
günde, mobilize olduklarında, bacak ağrısı sorgulandı.  Bulgular: Her iki grupta da bacak çevresi ölçüm değerleri ve
sellülit tablosu görülmesi benzer bulundu ve istatistiksel fark saptanmadı (p > 0.05). Ancak bacak ağrısı yönünden birinci
gruptaki hastaların şikayetlerinin diğer gruba göre daha fazla olduğu saptandı
(p < 0.05).

Sonuç: Koroner bypass operasyonu için safen ven grefti hazırlanırken cerrahi
insizyon seviyesinin diz eklem seviyesi üzerine çıkmaması, hastaların olası bacak
ağrısı şikayetinin daha az olmasını sağlayacaktır.
Microsurgical lymphaticovenous anastomosis for the treatment of obstructive lymphedema
Authors: Babaroğlu Seyhan , ÖZIŞIK Kanat , Günaydın Serdar , Tekeli Kunt Atike
Published: May 2018

Treatment of lymphedema is challenging. The application of microsurgical techniques to the drainage of lymph in to the venous system offers new possibilities in this field. Herein we aimed to report the results of our cases treated with microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantation.
Yokel: Extensible, Large-Scale Methodologies
Authors: Perindans Edgard
Published: May 2018

The implications of perfect modalities have been far-reaching and pervasive [1,2]. Here, we prove the analysis of replication, which embodies the structured principles of programming languages. Our focus in this paper is not on whether information retrieval systems can be made adaptive, secure, and reliable, but rather on constructing new Bayesian configurations (Yokel) [3].
I nforme a la Asablea Universitaria. Transferencia de cargos de Rector y Vicerrectores de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredi
Authors: Varela Pinedo Luis Fernando
Published: May 2018

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Comentarios y visión personal a raíz de haberse cumplido 50 años del egreso de la promoción “René Gastelumendi” en el 2016
Authors: Graña Aramburú Alejandro
Published: May 2018

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Los cien años del Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera
Authors: Stucchi-Portocarrero Santiago
Published: May 2018

El actual Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera fue inaugurado el 1 de enero de 1918, como Asilo Colonia de la Magdalena, en un contexto de transición entre el alienismo del siglo XIX y una psiquiatría que reclamaba su lugar entre las especialidades médicas, a la vez que el liderazgo en la conducción de los hospitales, como representante de la ciencia positiva. La fundación del nuevo establecimiento fue considerada “la segunda revolución psiquiátrica” en el Perú, y generó muchas expectativas, inspirándose en la terapia por el trabajo y en los principios de no restricción y puertas abiertas.
Los que murieron en la fortaleza del Real Felipe (1825-1826)
Authors: Zanutelli Rosas Manuel
Published: May 2018

Después de la batalla de Ayacucho, el general español Rodil se negó a aceptar la rendición española y se parapetó en la fortaleza del Real Felipe en el Callao. Junto a la guarnición realista se refugiaron las familias nobles todo aquel identificado con la monarquía española. La fortaleza fue sitiada por las tropas independentistas. El sitio acarreó muchas muertes entre los sitiados, bien sea por las escaramuzas, las enfermedades y el hambre. Rodil se rindió después de 9 meses y 17 días de sitio.
Entre lechuzas y lirones: descifrando nuestro reloj biológico
Authors: Aldo Vivar Mendoza Aldo
Published: May 2018

Todos los seres vivos del planeta, de procariontes a humanos, han desarrollado su metabolismo en función a la rotación de la Tierra; es decir, a la alternancia del día y la noche. Un complejo sistema de genes y proteínas reguladoras ha evolucionado en millones de años. Este mecanismo de relojería ha sido descifrado por Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash y Michael Young, un sistema molecular de estímulo e inhibición que nos sincroniza con el ritmo circadiano de la naturaleza.
New Advances in the Inspection of Flare Stacks
Authors: Martín Díaz de Espada Carlos , Rubio Cintas María Dolores
Published: May 2018

Flare stacks are a key element in the safety of petrochemical and refinery industries; the correct operating conditions thereof must be ensured through a schedule for the periodic reviewing of all parts thereof. Advances in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in recent years and the application thereof to this field allow reliable, objective information to be obtained. This article describes and groups together the main applicable NDT techniques, analysing their advantages and disadvantages, updated with the new possibilities offered by unmanned aircraft or drones. 
Big Lessons from Tiny Flies: Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model to Explore Dysfunction of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurotransmitter Systems
Authors: Kasture Ameya , Hummel Thomas , Sucic Sonja , Freissmuth Michael
Published: May 2018

The brain of Drosophila melanogaster is comprised of some 100,00 neurons, 127 and 80 of which are dopaminergic and serotonergic, respectively. Their activity regulates behavioral functions equivalent to those in mammals, e.g. motor activity, reward and aversion, memory formation, feeding, sexual appetite etc. Mammalian dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons are known to be heterogeneous. They differ in their projections and in their gene expression profile. A sophisticated genetic tool box is available, which allows for targeting virtually any gene with amazing precision in Drosophila melanogaster. Similarly, Drosophila genes can be replaced by their human orthologs including disease-associated alleles. Finally, genetic manipulation can be restricted to single fly neurons. This has allowed for addressing the role of individual neurons in circuits, which determine attraction and aversion, sleep and arousal, odor preference etc. Flies harboring mutated human orthologs provide models, which can be interrogated to understand the effect of the mutant protein on cell fate and neuronal connectivity. These models are also useful for proof-of-concept studies to examine the corrective action of therapeutic strategies. Finally, experiments in Drosophila can be readily scaled up to an extent, which allows for drug screening with reasonably high throughput.
Phytochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contents of Commonly Consumed Alcoholic Beverages Flavoured with Herbal Extract in Nigeria
Authors: Okareh Oladapo T. , Oyelakin Tosin M. , Ariyo Oluwaseun
Published: May 2018

There is proliferation of alcoholic beverages flavoured with herbal-extracts perceived to have medicinal values. Information on the phytochemical and heavy metal contents of these products is scarce. This study assessed the phytochemical properties and heavy metal contents of herbal-extract flavoured alcoholic beverages in major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. The phytochemical properties of the beverages were determined in triplicate using standard methods while the heavy metal contents were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and means were compared using ANOVA at p<0.05. The pH range of the beverages was 3.28-6.57 and the alcohol content was 34.0-51.5%. Detected major phytochemicals and concentration ranges were phytic acid (0.72-2.37 mg/g), alkaloids (0.42-4.11 mg/g), flavonoids (0.22-3.64 mg rutin equivalents/g), total phenols (1.13-3.66 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), anthraquinones ((0.74-1.93 mg/g) and triterpenoids (0.74-1.93 mg/g). The phytochemical contents were within the acceptable limits while the heavy metals were: Pb (2.13-4.70 mg/L), Cd (0.06-0.07 mg/L), Co (0.12-0.23 mg/L), Zn (0.14-0.40 mg/L) and Fe (0.72-4.22 mg/L); all except Pb and Cd were within permissible limits. The herbal-extract flavoured alcoholic beverages contain beneficial phytochemicals and traces of heavy metals. Safety awareness of these products for improved consumers’ health would be of public health importance.
Who and Where: A Socio-Spatial integrated Approach for Community-Based Health Research
Authors: Stacciarini Jeanne-Marie R. , Vacca Raffaele , Mao Liang
Published: May 2018

Social and spatial characteristics of a population often interact to influence health outcomes, suggesting a need to jointly analyze both to offer useful insights in community health. However, researchers have used either social or spatial analyses to examine community-based health issues and inform intervention programs. We propose a combined socio-spatial analytic approach to develop a social network with spatial weights and a spatial statistic with social weights, and apply them to an ongoing study of mental and physical well-being of rural Latino immigrants in North Florida, USA. We demonstrate how this approach can be used to calculate measures, such as social network centrality, support contact dyads, and spatial kernel density based on a health survey data. Findings reveal that the integrated approach accurately reflected interactions between social and spatial elements, and identified community members (who) and locations (where) that should be prioritized for community-based health interventions.
Solid-State Highly Efficient DR Mono and Poly-Dicyano-Phenylenevinylene Fluorophores
Authors: Panunzi Barbara , Diana Rosita , Concilio Simona , Sessa Lucia , Shikler Rafi , Nabha Shiran , Tuzi Angela , Caruso Ugo , Piotto Stefano
Published: May 2018

A highly efficient deep red (DR) emitting organic solid based on a dicyano-phenylenevinylene derivative was reported. The structural and spectroscopic properties of the solid have been described in terms of crystallographic data and time dependent DFT analysis. A noteworthy fluorescence quantum yield of 53% was observed for the brightest emitter cast into solid films. This result can be explained in terms of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect.
Microencapsulation and Characterization of Natural Polyphenols from PHF Extract
Authors: Hussain Syed Ammar , Hameed Ahsan , Nazir Yusuf , Naz Tahira , Wu Yang , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul , Song Yuanda
Published: May 2018

Microencapsulation of polyherbal formulation (PHF) extract was carried out by freeze drying method, by employing gum arabic (GA), gelatin (GE), and maltodextrin (MD) with their designated different combinations as encapsulating wall materials. Antioxidant components (i.e total phenolic contents (TPC),Total flavonoids contents (TFC), and total condensed contents (TCT)), antioxidant activity (i.e. DPPH, β-carotene & ABTS+ assays), moisture contents, water activity (aw), solubility, hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature (Tg), particle size, morphology, in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition and bioavailability ratios of the powders were investigated. Amongst all encapsulated products, TB (5% GA and 5% MD) and TC (10% GA) has proven to be the best treatments with respect to the highest preservation of antioxidant components and their antioxidant potential by DPPH and β-carotene assays and noteworthy for an ABTS+ assays, in addition, the aforesaid treatments also demonstrated lower moisture content, aw, particle size and higher solubility, hygroscopicity and glass transition temperature (Tg). All freeze dried samples showed irregular (asymmetrical) microcrystalline structures. Furthermore, TB and TC also illustrated the highest in vitro anti-diabetic potential due to great potency for inhibiting alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities. In the perspective of bioavailability, TA, TB and TC demonstrated the excellent bioavailability ratios (%).Futhermore, the phytochemo-profiling of ethanolic extract of PHF was also revealed to find out the bioactive compounds.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the Fibrillin Family Genes Reveal Their Involvement in the Photoprotection in Cucumber
Authors: Kim Inyoung , Lee Sang-Choon , Kim Eun-Ha , Song Kiwhan , Yang Tae-Jin , Kim Hyun Uk
Published: May 2018

Fibrillin (FBN) is a plastid lipid-associated protein found in photosynthetic organisms from cyanobacteria to plants. In this study, 10 CsaFBN genes were identified in genomic DNA sequences of cucumber (Chinese long and Gy14) through database searches using the conserved domain of FBN and the 14 FBN genes of Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of CsaFBN protein sequences showed that there was no counterpart of Arabidopsis and rice FBN5 in the cucumber genome. FBN5 is essential for growth in Arabidopsis and rice; its absence in cucumber may be because of incomplete genome sequences or that another FBN carries out its functions. Among the 10 CsaFBN genes, CsaFBN1 and CsaFBN9 were the most divergent in terms of nucleotide sequences. Most of the CsaFBN genes were expressed in the leaf, stem, and fruit. CsaFBN4 showed the highest mRNA expression levels in various tissues, followed by CsaFBN6, CsaFBN1, and CsaFBN9. High-light stress combined with low temperature decreased photosynthetic efficiency and highly induced transcript levels of CsaFBN1, CsaFBN6, and CsaFBN11, which decreased after 24 h treatment. Transcript levels of the other seven genes were changed only slightly. This result suggests that CsaFBN1, CsaFBN6, and CsaFBN11 may be involved in photoprotection under high-light conditions at low temperature.
Microdrop Deposition Technique: Preparation and Characterization of Diluted Suspended Particulate Samples
Authors: Macis Salvatore , Cibin Giannantonio , Maggi Valter , Baccolo Giovanni , Hampai Dariush , Delmonte Barbara , D'Elia Alessandro , Marcelli Augusto
Published: May 2018

The analysis of particulate matter (PM) in dilute solutions is an important target for environmental, geochemical and biochemical researches. Here we show how the microdrop technology may allow to control, through the evaporation of small droplets, the deposition of insoluble materials dispersed in a solution on a well-defined area with a specific spatial pattern. Using this technology the superficial density of the deposited solute can be accurately controlled. In particular, it becomes possible to deposit an extremely reduced amount of insoluble material -in the order of few μg- on a confined area, thus allowing a relatively high superficial density to be reached within a limited time. In this work we quantitatively compare the microdrop technique for the preparation of particulate matter samples with the classical filtering technique. After having been optimized, the microdrop technique allows to obtain a more homogeneous deposition and limit sample consumption of a factor ~25. This method is potentially suitable for many novel applications in different scientific fields.
Metabolic and Hormonal Contributors to Neuronal Necrosis in Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Overholt Michael
Published: May 2018

Research into the causes of neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) has focused on neurofibrillary tangles and beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques. This paper proposes the heterodox theory that these hallmarks of AD are the visible effects, not direct causes of neuronal necrosis. Rather AD results from a combination of age-induced, disproportional decline in physiological support for aerobic metabolism, and dysregulation of the sleep cycle processes.  The hypothesis is that the decimation of neurons in AD results from a combination of neurotoxicity and increased apoptosis caused by: 1. direct damage from toxic waste products of anaerobic glycolysis due to a progressive decline in the capacity of neurons to perform oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and an increased reliance on anaerobic glycolysis to meet metabolic needs; 2. impaired cellular repair and effluent release due to dysregulation of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep allowing damage to cell membranes and synaptic junctions to accumulate inducing a chronic inflammatory response; 3. indirect damage from products produced by inflammatory reaction to toxic metabolites; 4. neuronal apoptosis from the AβPP-mediated pathway due to the age-induced decline of growth hormone (GH), GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF).
In Vitro Osteogenesis Stimulation via Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Carbon Nanotube Thin Films on Biomedical Stainless Steel
Authors: Martinelli Natalia M. , Ribeiro Maria Julia G. , Ricci Ritchelli , Marques Miller A. , Lobo Anderson Oliveira , Marciano Fernanda Roberta
Published: May 2018

Herein, we evaluated the electrophoretic deposition of nanohydroxyapatite/superhydrophilic multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (nHAp/MWCNT) onto stainless steel biomedical alloys for applications in bone tissue engineering. First, nHAp/MWCNT composites were dispersed into 0.042 mol L−1 of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O + 0.025 mol L−1 NH4H2PO4 electrolytes (pH = 4.8) at two different concentrations. Next, a voltage of −2 V was applied using 316L stainless steel as a working electrode and (0.27 cm2), a high-purity platinum coil wire as the auxiliary electrode, and an Ag/AgCl(3 M) electrode was used as the reference electrode.   The nHAp/MWCNT composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The deposited nHAp and nHAp/MWCNT films were characterized by profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. Human osteoblast cells were cultivated with the different materials, and in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The osteogenesis process was evaluated by mRNA levels of the three genes that are directly related to bone repair: Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin. We showed that rough, crystalline apatite thin films containing phases of nHAp were successfully deposited onto 316L stainless steel alloys. Also, we noticed that nHAp/MWCNT thin films deposited onto 316L stainless steel alloys upregulated the expression of important genes related to bone mineralization and maturation. Our results strongly support the possibility of this new alternative to modify the surface of metallic biomedical alloys to promote bone tissue regeneration.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Computational Study of Hemoglobin (Hb) in Human Blood Detection
Authors: Yanti Wida , Abraha Kamsul , Bambang Agung
Published: May 2018

A theoretical analysis of haemoglobin (Hb) concentration detection is presented in this work with the objective of achieving more sensitive detection and monitoring low concentrations. Surface-enhanced SPR spectroscopy on silver nanoparticles was employed for recording Hb concentrations less than 10 g/L. In this paper, Fe3O4@Au core-shell, nanocomposite spherical nanoparticle consisting of a spherical Fe3O4 core covered by Au shell, was used as an active material for biomolecules detection in the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based biosensor in the wavelength 632.8 nm. We present the simulation of detection amplification technique through Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) spectrum in the Kretschmann configuration. The system consists of a four-layer material i.e., prism/Ag/Fe3O4@Au+Hb/air. Dielectric function determination of the core-shell nanoparticle (Fe3O4@Au) and the composite (Fe3O4@Au+Hb) was done by applying the Effective Medium Theory approximation and the calculation of the reflectivity is carried out by varying the size of core-shell (r0). In this simulation, the refractive index of the BK7 prism is 1.51; the refractive index of Ag thin film is 0.13455 + 3.98651i with the thickness of 40 nm, and the refractive index of the composite is varied depending on the size of nanoparticle core-shell. Our results show that by varying the radius of the core and the shell thickness, the dip of the reflectivity (ATR) spectrum is shifted to the larger angle of incident light and the addition of core-shell in the conventional SPR-based biosensor leads to enhancement of the SPR biosensor sensitivity, for the core-shell radius 10 nm, the sensitivity increased by 1.35% for F = 0.1, and by 4.89% for F = 0.8 compared to the sensitivity of the conventional SPR-based biosensor without core-shell addition.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Computational Study of Hemoglobin (Hb) in Human Blood Detection
Authors: Yanti Wida , Abraha Kamsul , Bambang S.U. Agung
Published: May 2018

A theoretical analysis of haemoglobin (Hb) concentration detection is presented in this work with the objective of achieving more sensitive detection and monitoring low concentrations. Surface-enhanced SPR spectroscopy on silver nanoparticles was employed for recording Hb concentrations less than 10 g/L. In this paper, Fe3O4@Au core-shell, nanocomposite spherical nanoparticle consisting of a spherical Fe3O4 core covered by Au shell, was used as an active material for biomolecules detection in the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based biosensor in the wavelength 632.8 nm. We present the simulation of detection amplification technique through Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) spectrum in the Kretschmann configuration. The system consists of a four-layer material i.e prism/Ag/Fe3O4@Au+Hb/air. Dielectric function determination of the core-shell nanoparticle (Fe3O4@Au) and the composite (Fe3O4@Au+Hb) was done by applying the Effective Medium Theory approximation and the calculation of the reflectivity is carried out by varying the size of core-shell (r0). In this simulation, the refractive index of the BK7 prism is 1.51; the refractive index of Ag thin film is 0.13455+3.98651i with the thickness of 40 nm, and the refractive index of the composite is varied depending on the size of nanoparticle core-shell. Our results show that by varying the radius of the core and the shell thickness, the dip of the reflectivity (ATR) spectrum is shifted to the larger angle of incident light and the addition of core-shell in the conventional SPR-based biosensor leads to enhancement of the SPR biosensor sensitivity, for the core-shell radius 10 nm, the sensitivity increased by 1.35% for F = 0.1, and by 4.89% for F =0.8 compared to the sensitivity of the conventional SPR-based biosensor without core-shell addition.
Vitamin D Content of Australian Native Food Plants and Australian-Grown Edible Seaweed
Authors: Hughes Laura J. , Black Lucinda J. , Sherriff Jill L. , Dunlop Eleanor , Strobel Norbert , Lucas Robyn M. , Bornman Janet F.
Published: May 2018

Vitamin D has previously been quantified in some plants and algae, particularly in leaves of the Solanaceae family. We measured the vitamin D content of Australian native food plants and Australian-grown edible seaweed. Using liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, 13 samples (including leaf, fruit and seed) were analysed in duplicate for vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Five samples contained vitamin D2: raw wattleseed (Acacia victoriae) (0.03 µg/100 g dry weight (DW)); fresh and dried lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves (0.03 and 0.24 µg/100 g DW, respectively); dried leaves and berries of Tasmanian mountain pepper (Tasmannia lanceolata) (0.67 and 0.05 µg/100 g DW, respectively). Fresh kombu (Lessonia corrugata) contained vitamin D3 (0.01 µg/100 g DW). Detected amounts were low; however, it is possible that exposure to ultraviolet radiation may increase the vitamin D content of plants and algae if vitamin D precursors are present.
Emergence of Life in Pure Water
Authors: Sepehri Alireza
Published: May 2018

Recently, some authors have shown that life can be emerged in pure water. Weconrm this claim and propose a mechanism for extracting DNA from pure water.In this model, water has two structures which are the same in four dimensions anddierent in extra dimensions. These structure are similar to the structures of DNAsof men and women in extra dimensions. This helps the water to store two dierentinformations of DNAs. Some special waves can interact with water and extract it'sstructure from extra dimension. These waves act like topoisomerases in biology on11-dimensional manifold.
Analysis of Failure Criteria in Laminas Reinforced with Unidirectional Curauá Fiber Fabric
Authors: Cöuras Ford Elmo Thiago Lins , Freire Junior Raimundo Carlos Silverio , Ferreira Lucemaide Batista Miranda
Published: May 2018

Natural fibers are being increasingly used in different areas of engineering, including as composite reinforcement. Among these fibers, carauá stands out for its good mechanical properties and adherence to resin. Nevertheless, little is known about the behavior of this material in the manufacture of a composite or whether classic failure theory can be used in this case. In this context, the present study assesses the mechanical properties of two laminas made of unidirectional curauá fiber with volumetric fiber percentages of 30 % and 22 %, and compares the results with the values obtained for four failure criteria reported in the literature, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). To that end, tensile tests were conducted in the direction of the fiber and at other loading angles, in addition to iosipescu shear tests. The results show that the maximum stress criterion does not represent the failure behavior of these materials and that the best was the Hashin criterion.
Combining Decision Support Approaches for Optimizing the Selection of Bundles of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Marto Marco , Reynolds Keith M. , Borges José G. , Bushenkov Vladimir , Marques Susete
Published: May 2018

This study examines the potential of combining decision support approaches to identify optimal bundles of ecosystem services. A forested landscape, Zona de Intervenção Florestal of Paiva and Entre-Douro and Sousa (Portugal), is used to test and demonstrate this potential. The landscape extends over 14,000 ha, representing 1,976 stands. The property is fragmented into 376 holdings. The overall analysis was performed in three steps. First, we selected six alternative solutions (A to F) in a Pareto frontier generated by a multiple criteria method within a decision support system (SADfLOR) for subsequent analysis. Next, an aspatial strategic multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) analysis was performed with the Criterium DecisionPlus (CDP) component of another decision support system (EMDS) to assess the aggregate performance of solutions A to F for the entire forested landscape with respect to their utility for delivery of ecosystem services. For the CDP analysis, SADfLOR data inputs were grouped into two sets of primary criteria: Wood Harvested and Other Ecosystem Services. Finally, a spatial logic-based assessment of solutions A to F for individual stands of the study area was performed with the NetWeaver component of EMDS. The NetWeaver model was structurally and computationally equivalent to the CDP model, but the key NetWeaver metric is a measure of the strength of evidence that solutions for specific land stands were optimal for the unit. Solutions D and B performed best in the aspatial strategic MCDA analysis, and a composite of the maps generated by NetWeaver demonstrated the spatial basis for the performance of solutions D and B in individual land stands. We conclude with a discussion of how the combination of decision support approaches encapsulated in the two systems could be further automated.
nrDNA-ITS Variation, Structure, and Molecular Phylogeny of Abies beshanzuensis (Pinaceae), a Critically Endangered Species
Authors: Ma Zengling , Sun Yuping , Chen Deliang , Zhao Changfeng , Jiang Qimeng , Ke Qin , Pan Songjie , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: May 2018

Abies beshanzuensis, an extremely endangered species, attracts serious concerns on genetic diversity recovery and population protection. However, little genetic information was known about it till now. In this study, intra-/intergenomic ITS variation, secondary structure, and molecular phylogeny of A.beshanzuensis were determined by nrDNA-ITS marker, and results indicated that, ITS region featured rich polymorphism in ITS1 and highly conservative in 5.8S/ITS2 among intra-/inter-genome, implying rich genetic diversities and the occurrence of non-concerted evolution in ITS region. Predicated 5.8S structure possessed Helices-Loops with 3 motifs (M1/M2/M3) and 5 helices B4-B8, and ITS2 could form conservative Clover-like structure with 5 ribotypes, manifesting genetically structural generalities and individualities. Thirteen ITS pseudogenes were also identified from 76 samples (or clones). Molecular phylogeny revealed that, A.beshanzuensis shared genetically closer relationships with A.fanjingshanensis, A.chensiensis, A.yuanbaoshanensis among genus Abies. The available original data provided rich genetic information on ITS sequence, structure and molecular phylogeny of A.beshanzuensis, which not only updated the databases of ITS sequences as well as secondary structures essential for phylogenetic reference and DNA barcoding analyses, but also contributed to deep exploration of population diversities, origin and evolution as well theoretical direction for population recovery and protection of A.beshanzuensis.
The Dynamics of Online Activities and Its Impact on Well-Being in Urban China
Authors: Huang Yinxuan
Published: May 2018

Using data from the China Family Panel Studies, this study examines the socioeconomic characteristics of Internet users, as well as the relationships between the dynamics of different forms of online activities and the subjective well-being of urbanites and rural migrants in urban China. The study finds that online behaviour may clearly reflect differences in individuals’ personal traits and socioeconomic positions. Patterns of the association between online activities and subjective well-being tend to differ among rural migrants and urbanites, especially in terms of depression. A difference-in-differences model is employed to estimate the impact of intensified engagement in online activities on depression and life satisfaction from 2010 to 2016. The results show that increased frequency of online entertainment exhibits a comparatively positive effect on depression and life satisfaction. Spending more time on online social networking has a similar impact on rural migrants, but not on urbanites. These findings suggest that the rapid development of urban China’s online community has important implications for residents’ subjective well-being.
Pathogenicity of Endocrine Dysregulation in Autism
Authors: Swierczynski Adam J.
Published: May 2018

The voluminous daily output of autism research has become increasingly disconnected, existing largely within highly specific subspecialty areas, and lacking cross-disciplinary linkages of context, theory, and findings to inform a unified body of knowledge. Robust syntheses of published research across the fields of psychiatry, cellular and molecular biology, neurology, endocrinology, immunology, behavioral and social sciences, and pedagogy may help clarify and extend current knowledge by guiding more efficient future research efforts investigating underlying causes, developmental divergences, novel treatments, and specific, sensitive biological markers in autism. This synthesis of interdisciplinary research indicates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis may be at the center of an interaction among sex steroids, immune function, signaling protein transcriptions, neurogenesis, and dysregulation of brain structures sending or receiving projections from the HPA stress axis. These interaction manifest observably as a range of sexually dimorphic behaviors and functional limitations often falling within the current diagnostic features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The pathogenicity of endocrine dysregulation may serve as a valuable model for developing a cohesive theory of ASD by explaining how the HPA and connected brain areas respond to extreme conditions of dysregulated endocrine signaling to cause symptoms associated with autism.
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Use and Adoption of Family-Sized Bio-digesters as Renewable Energy Sources in Ngoma District, Rwanda
Authors: Musinguzi Danson , Kayinamura Emmanuel , Tumushabe Anne , Omuna Daniel , Eniru Emmaniel Innocent , Akiyode Oluwole Olusegun , Katongole Hadijjah , Mwebesa Edson , Basamba Twaha Ali , Byarugaba Dominic
Published: May 2018

1) Background: The environmental, financial and social questions in Africa remain unanswered up-to-date, with the rapid increase in human population and the demand for fuel energy, trigger the need to generate data on the socio-economic factors influencing the knowledge of use and adoption of family-sized bio-digesters. The increasing prices of fossil fuels and taxes on energy sources require finding the alternative, clean and economical sources of energy for households in developing countries. Moreover, in Africa, the consumption of firewood and charcoal continues to increase, with wood fuel consumption predicted to increase by 2030 to over 140%. The study objectives were 1) to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the people in Ngoma district, 2) to assess socio-economic factors influencing people to use and adopt family-sized bio-digesters. 2) Methods: Quantitative data collected with semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 3) Results: The results show that many households had not realized the potential benefits of biogas use and adoption in Rwanda. The study further found that a number of factors such as household income levels, socio-economic, technological, and institutional influence the household use and adoption of biogas energy. 4) Conclusions: At the end, the study suggests the need for all players such as Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) and local communities to work together to provide incentives and favorable environment that can attract individual households to invest in biogas energy production and utilization.
Wind Turbine Control Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Its Economic Effects
Authors: Uchida Takanori
Published: May 2018

At the Atsumi Wind Farm in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, damage to wind turbines occurred frequently due to terrain-induced turbulence. In the present study, numerical analyses of terrain-induced turbulence were conducted by reproducing the topography in the vicinity of the wind turbine sites in high resolution and using RIAM-COMPACT natural terrain version, which is based on large eddy simulation (LES). The results of the diagnoses indicated that, in the case of south-easterly wind, terrain-induced turbulence is generated at a small terrain feature located upstream of Wind Turbine (WT) #2, which serves as the origin of the turbulence. At the Atsumi Wind Farm, a combination of the series of wind diagnoses and on-site operation experience led to a decision to adopt an "automatic shutdown program" for WTs #1 and #2. Here, "automatic shutdown program" refers to the automatic suspension of wind turbine operation upon the wind speed and direction meeting the conditions associated with significant effects of terrain-induced turbulence at a wind turbine site. The adoption of the "automatic shutdown program" has successfully resulted in a large reduction in the number of occurrences of wind turbine damage, thus, creating major positive economic effects. 1) a reduction in the repair costs by 9.322 million yen per year per wind turbine, 2) an increase in the availability factor by 8.05%, and 3) an increase in the capacity factor by 1.7%.
Fuel Treatments and Potential Fire Behavior in Peri-Urban Forests, N. Greece
Authors: Samara Theano , Raptis Dimitrios , Spanos Ioannis
Published: May 2018

The peri-urban and urban forests in Greece occupy a total area of 105.353 ha. In these vulnerable ecosystems, fire constitutes a natural disaster presenting particular challenges and specific difficulties. These include the high number of visitors as well as forests characteristics - such as the presence of particularly flammable tree species and high accumulation of combustible biomass – that make the on-start of fires more likely. The main purpose of the current research is to identify the optimum combination of silvicultural treatments to efficiently reduce potential forest fire severity and to facilitate their successful suppression by firefighting crews. In order to simulate the basic fire environment of urban forests, two main experimental plots were established and several tree and topographical characteristics were measured. Additionally, the NEXUS wildfire system was used to simulate forest fire potential behavior before and after the adoption of the silvicultural treatments that altered critical characteristics of the forest fire environment. The results clearly show that specific silvicultural prescriptions altered the type of forest fire spreading potential, revealing the overall efficiency of preventing actions during forest management.
Crystallographic Features of Microstructure in Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Takata Naoki , Nishida Ryoya , Suzuki Asuka , Kobashi Makoto , Kato Masaki
Published: May 2018

This study characterizes the microstructure and its associated crystallographic features of bulk maraging steels fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) combined with a powder bed technique. The fabricated sample exhibited characteristic melt pools in which the regions had locally melted and rapidly solidified. A major part of these melt pools corresponded with the ferrite (alpha) matrix, which exhibited a lath martensite structure with a high density of dislocations. A number of fine retained austenite (gamma) with a <001> orientation along the build direction was often localized around the melt pool boundaries. The orientation relationship of these fine gamma grains with respect to the adjacent alpha grains in the martensite structure was (111) gamma // (011) alpha and [-101] gamma // [-1-11] apha (Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship). Using the obtained results, we inferred the microstructure development of maraging steels during the SLM process. The results depict that new and diverse high-strength materials can be used to develop industrial molds and dies.
Complexity and Anisotropy of Plastic Flow of α-Ti Probed by Acoustic Emission and Local Extensometry
Authors: Lebyodkin Mikhail , Amouzou Kékéli , Lebedkina Tatiana , Richeton Thiebaud , Roth Amandine
Published: May 2018

Current progress in the prediction of mechanical behavior of solids requires understanding of spatiotemporal complexity of plastic flow caused by self-organization of crystal defects. It may be particularly important in hexagonal materials because of their strong anisotropy and combination of different mechanisms of plasticity, such as dislocation glide and twinning. These materials often display complex behavior even on the macroscopic scale of deformation curves, e.g., a peculiar three-stage elastoplastic transition, the origin of which is a matter of debates. The present work is devoted to a multiscale study of plastic flow in α-Ti, based on simultaneous recording of deformation curves, 1D local strain field, and acoustic emission (AE). It is found that the average AE activity also reveals three-stage behavior, but in a qualitatively different way depending on the crystallographic orientation of the sample axis. On the finer scale, the statistical analysis of AE events and local strain rates testifies to an avalanche-like character of dislocation processes, reflected in power-law probability distribution functions. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of collective dislocation dynamics and are confronted to predictions of a recent micromechanical model of Ti strain hardening.
KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR MANDIRI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
Authors: Suprayekti Suprayekti
Published: May 2018

This research was intended to find out what and how the independent learning competency of the students of State University of Jakarta. Data were collected by using questionnaires. The scope of study was limited to the students of School of Education, State University of Jakarta. Samples were chosen by using purposive sampling technique. Research findings show that: (1) based on independent learning method, all students of State University of Jakarta can implement independent learning, (2) based on the goals of independent learning the students are expected to have responsibility to themselves and the implementation of independent learning. Further, this research gives some suggestions such as: (1) university, especially School of Education should provide infrastructure, trainings, and compatible components; (2) the lectures should have appropriate knowledge and concept in independent learning; and (3) the students should practice constructivism and active learning as well as to learn without depending on other people.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS MELALUI METODE QUANTUM LEARNING DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this research is to gain the empirical data about learning of writing skill at third class elementary school (SDN Bedahan 01 Sawangan Depok) through quantum learning method, This class action research is hold by using cycle model from Stephen Kemmis and Mc Taggart. This research is done through the following phases: planning, acting, observation, reflecting, and evaluating as the basic of re-planning for the next cycles. The result for every cycle is as follows: the first cycle average of writing composition skills equals to 58.54%, whereas the second cycle raising to 69.37%, and at the third cycle increasing more and more with the average score 76.77%. The implication result of this research shows that quantum learning method motivates the student of the third class of elementary school to learn composition. This method can make the student become self-confidence and proactive in building their imagination and creativity to write in a joyful situation.
WAJIB BELAJAR (WAJAR) SEMBILAN TAHUN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DASAR
Authors: Herwanto Herwanto
Published: May 2018

Education for all has been stipulated in the Preamble of 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia. As from the proclamation of Independence Day, the Indonesian government has been developing national education to give the Indonesians equal and broad opportunity to have access for education. This article discusses the implementation of nine years’ compulsory education program to provide the citizens with equal access for education and simultanously to improve basic education quality. The discussion is focused in planning, implementation, and outcomes of the program, as it is assumed that the three aspects are inter-related each others in achieving the target. The discussion concludes, the nine years’ compulsory education program in Indonesia is implemented through improving the opportunity to have basic education for all school age children and simultaneously to accelerate the quality of education. However, to reach the target of quality some recommendations are provided.
An Experimental Configuration to Probe for Lorentz Symmetry Violation in Electrons Using Trapped Yb+ Ions
Authors: Schlossberger Noah Kurt , Richerme Phil
Published: May 2018

Since extensions of the standard model have been developed that predict violations of local Lorentz invariance (LLI), precision measurement groups have been working to reduce experimental bounds of the associated matrix element. Using an analogue of the Michelson-Morley test with trapped Ca+ ions, the current bound has been set at one part in 1018. However, by instead using Yb+ ions, which have highly stable electronic states for storing quantum information compared to their counterparts and exhibit enhanced effects of LLI breaking asymmetries, we can push the bounds to one part in 1023. In this article, we outline a configuration for such an experiment and offer solutions to experimental concerns. We develop an algorithm for state creation, manipulation, and measurement that minimizes measurement time and transition uncertainty.  We also discuss necessary hardware for trapping and manipulating ions including a vacuum system, a Paul trap and the associated electrode voltage supplies, and an optics system for generating and applying transition pulses. The experiment is specifically designed to utilize the existing ion trap hardware in place at the Richerme lab at Indiana University Bloomington.
Endocrine Disruption: Why Is It So Complicated?
Authors: Lister Andrea L. , Van Der Kraak Glen J.
Published: May 2018

The intricate nature of the vertebrate endocrine system creates several challenges that impede the understanding of the threats that endocrine disrupting substances (EDS) may pose to both humans and wildlife. While there are many similarities in the organization of endocrine communication across vertebrate classes, there are differences in hormonal activities and regulated events which makes generalizing EDS effects across species difficult. Aspects of endocrine functioning that may be affected by EDS include the biosynthesis, transport or availability, and metabolism of hormones. Also, EDS may interact with hormone receptors, which is a feature exploited by researchers as a screening method to identify potential EDS. There are many factors to consider in regards to the effects of potential EDS on endocrine functioning, including the timing of exposure, species-specific differences, and a multitude of other factors, which may impinge directly on the physiological endpoints used to determine if endocrine disruption has occurred. It is important to understand the status of the endocrine system before attempting to interpret reproductive status or the general health of the population. This paper provides an overview of the endocrine physiology of vertebrates and a description of the mechanisms by which EDS may affect endocrine function. As well, some of the factors that complicate our understanding of the relationship between exposure to EDS and compromised health in different vertebrate species are included.
Endocrine Disrupting Substances and Ecological Risk Assessment of Commercial Chemicals in Canada
Authors: Sutcliffe Roger
Published: May 2018

The ecological risk assessment of commercial chemicals in Canada by the regulatory programs of the Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch, Environment Canada, are based on results from traditional toxicity data (e.g., lethality, effects to growth or reproduction). Some of the chemicals under consideration are known to alter endocrine systems in exposed organisms; however, effects to the endocrine system are used only as additional supporting information. Presently, there are no internationally accepted methodologies or tests for endocrine disrupting substances that can be used by these regulatory programs. The need for research with respect to hormone disrupting substances has been recognized in the revised Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999). This paper describes the framework for the ecological risk assessment of new and existing substances and identifies issues and research needs in both screening level and in-depth ecological risk assessments with respect to the identification and assessment of potentially endocrine disrupting substances.