bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study to Assess the Effectiveness of Lumbar Massage on Backache among Patients Underwent Spinal Anesthesia in Selected Hospitals
Authors: K Monisha. , Padmavathi P , S Rufeena.
Published: July 2024

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used type of regional anesthesia in many surgeries, including genit ourinary surgery, cesarean section and lumbar surgery.P ost dural puncture pain is common complication after spinal anesthesia and is characterized by persistent pain around the spinal cord in the absence of radicular pain.Therapeutic massage involves manipulating the body’s tissues with certain techniques.The goal of massage therapy is to affect cellular changes in tissues to promote healing and reduce pain and increase overall wellbeing.  Aim: To determine the effect of lumbar massage on back pain in patients underwent general anesthesia in selected hospitals.  Design: Quasi-experimental design, Pretest Post-test non- equivalent group design.  Participants: Thirty patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected to receive spinal anesthesia through convenience sampling.  Methods: A study was done with 30 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia, 15 of which were interventional and 15 of which were observational group. The pain scale was used for the assessment tools.  Results: According to the research results, it can be concluded that the average percentage of the difference after the experiment and control is 47% for the pain index numbers in the total area comparison. There was a full size distinction between the pre and post test scores of the patients in the interventional group who received spinal anesthesia there has been a big distinction in the sufferer’s post test rankings. The t test score is 12.43 and is significant (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in post patient scores. No significant relationship was found between patients receiving spinal anesthesia and demographic difference.  Conclusion: The effects showed that the average score of the patient in the control group receiving spinal anesthesia after the back pain examination was 7.33 ± 1.06,while the average score of the experimental group after the backache examination was 3.07 ±0.54.It shows that lumbar massage is beneficial for patients underwent spinal anesthesia.
Partnership Building in Public Policing: Communities’ Perceptions towards the Role of Community Policing Forums in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mlomo Patricia Noma
Published: July 2024

The study sought to explain whether the Community Policing Forum initiative is an ideal partnership-building technique for crime prevention in Fortgale and Southernwood in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study further shed light on the nature and extent of community participation in the Community Policing Forum meetings. Lastly, the study identified the nature and extent of the most salient problems or barriers between the communities and the police regarding Community Policing Forum and crime prevention. This study employed a quantitative approach, comprising the pre-experimental design (one short case study) and non-probability, judgmental sampling. The sample size comprised 150 respondents recruited from each one of the two areas of study. The findings showed that the Community Policing Forum is working for both areas of study. Police and the public are working hand in hand in fighting barriers that may hamper its effectiveness. The public from both areas is well-educated about community policing. State the conclusions and the recommendations. The outcome of the study will improve the relationship between the police and the public since they cannot work in isolation.

Keywords: Community Policing Forums, Police, Crime, Community, SAPS
CHIME/FRB Outriggers: KKO Station System and Commissioning Results
Authors: Lanman Adam E. , Andrew Shion , Lazda Mattias , Shah Vishwangi , Amiri Mandana , Balasubramanian Arvind , Bandura Kevin , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Carlson Mark , Cliche Jean-François , Gusinskaia Nina , Hendricksen Ian T. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Landecker Tom , Leung Calvin , Mckinven Ryan , Mena-Parra Juan , Milutinovic Nikola , Nimmo Kenzie , Pearlman Aaron B. , Renard Andre , Rahman Mubdi , Shaw J. Richard , Siegel Seth R. , Smegal Rick J. , Cassanelli Tomas , Chatterjee Shami , Curtin Alice P. , Dobbs Matt , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Halpern Mark , Hopkins Hans , Kaspi Victoria M. , Khairy Kholoud , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Meyers Bradley W. , Michilli Daniele , Petroff Emily , Pinsonneault-Marotte Tristan , Pleunis Ziggy , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Shin Kaitlyn , Smith Kendrick , Vanderlinde Keith , Zegmott Tarik J.
Published: July 2024

Localizing fast radio bursts (FRBs) to their host galaxies is an essential step to better understanding their origins and using them as cosmic probes. The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)/FRB Outriggers program aims to add very long baseline interferometry localization capabilities to CHIME, such that FRBs may be localized to tens of milliarcsecond precision at the time of their discovery, more than sufficient for host galaxy identification. The first-built outrigger telescope is the
Outrigger (KKO), located 66 km west of CHIME. Cross-correlating KKO with CHIME can achieve arcsecond precision along the baseline axis while avoiding the worst effects of the ionosphere. Since the CHIME–KKO baseline is mostly east/west, this improvement is mostly in right ascension. This paper presents measurements of KKO’s performance throughout its commissioning phase, as well as a summary of its design and function. We demonstrate KKO’s capabilities as a standalone instrument by producing full-sky images, mapping the angular and frequency structure of the primary beam, and measuring feed positions. To demonstrate the localization capabilities of the CHIME–KKO baseline, we collected five separate observations each, for a set of 20 bright pulsars, and aimed to measure their positions to within 5″. All of these pulses were successfully localized to within this specification. The next two outriggers are expected to be commissioned in 2024 and will enable subarcsecond localizations for approximately hundreds of FRBs each year.
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER). VI. The High-mass Stellar Initial Mass Function of M33
Authors: Wainer Tobin M. , Williams Benjamin F. , Johnson L. Clifton , Weisz Daniel R. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Seth Anil C. , Dolphin Andrew , Durbin Meredith J. , Bell Eric F. , Chen Zhuo , Guhathakurta Puragra , Koch Eric W. , Lindberg Christina W. , Rosolowsky Erik , Sandstrom Karin M. , Skillman Evan D. , Smercina Adam , TorresVillanueva Estephani E.
Published: July 2024

We measure the high-mass stellar initial mass function (IMF) from resolved stars in M33 young stellar clusters. Leveraging the Hubble Space Telescope’s high resolving power, we fully model the IMF probabilistically. We first model the optical color–magnitude diagram of each cluster to constrain its power-law slope Γ, marginalized over other cluster parameters in the fit (e.g., cluster age, mass, and radius). We then probabilistically model the distribution of mass function (MF) slopes for a highly strict cluster sample of nine clusters more massive than log(Mass/M
⊙) = 3.6; above this mass, all clusters have well-populated main sequences of massive stars and should have accurate recovery of their MF slopes, based on extensive tests with artificial clusters. We find that the ensemble IMF is best described by a mean high-mass slope of

Γ

¯

=
1.49
±
0.18

, with an intrinsic scatter of

σ

Γ

2

=

0.02

0.00

+
0.16

, consistent with a universal IMF. We find no dependence of the IMF on environmental impacts such as the local star formation rate (SFR) or galactocentric radius within M33, which serves as a proxy for metallicity. This

Γ

¯

measurement is consistent with similar measurements in M31, despite M33 having a much higher SFR intensity. While this measurement is formally consistent with the canonical Kroupa (Γ = 1.30) IMF, as well as the Salpeter (Γ = 1.35) value, it is the second Local Group cluster sample to show evidence for a somewhat steeper high-mass IMF slope. We explore the impacts a steeper IMF slope has on a number of astronomical subfields.
Mapping the Milky Way in 5D with 170 Million Stars
Authors: Speagle 沈 Joshua S. 佳士 , Zucker Catherine , Bonaca Ana , Cargile Phillip A. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Beane Angus , Conroy Charlie , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Green Gregory M. , Kamdar Harshil M. , Naidu Rohan , Rix Hans-Walter , Schlafly Edward F. , Dotter Aaron , Eadie Gwendolyn , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Han Jiwon Jesse , Saydjari Andrew K. , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Zelko Ioana A.
Published: July 2024

We present Augustus, a catalog of distance, extinction, and stellar parameter estimates for 170 million stars from 14 mag < r < 20 mag and with ∣b∣ > 10° drawing on a combination of optical to near-infrared photometry from Pan-STARRS, 2MASS, UKIDSS, and unWISE along with parallax measurements from Gaia DR2 and 3D dust extinction maps. After applying quality cuts, we find 125 million objects have “high-quality” posteriors with statistical distance uncertainties of ≲10% for objects with well-constrained stellar types. This is a substantial improvement over the distance estimates derived from Gaia parallaxes alone and in line with the recent results from Anders et al. We find the fits are able to reproduce the dereddened Gaia color–magnitude diagram accurately, which serves as a useful consistency check of our results. We show that we are able to detect large, kinematically coherent substructures in our data clearly relative to the input priors, including the Monoceros Ring and the Sagittarius Stream, attesting to the quality of the catalog. Our results are publicly available at doi:10.7910/DVN/WYMSXV. An accompanying interactive visualization can be found at http://allsky.s3-website.us-east-2.amazonaws.com.
Extraction of Sunspots from Chinese Sunspot Drawings Based on Semisupervised Learning
Authors: Dong Qianqian , Yang Yunfei , Feng Song , Dai Wei , Liang Bo , Xiong Jianping
Published: July 2024

China has six observing stations, providing over 52,000 handwritten sunspot drawings from 1947–2016. The observing stations are the Purple Mountain Astronomical Observatory (PMO), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory (YNAO), Qingdao Observatory Station (QDOS), Sheshan Observatory Station (SSOS), Beijing Planetarium (BJP), and Nanjing University (NJU). In this paper, we propose a new cotraining semisupervised learning method combining a semantic segmentation method named dynamic mutual training (DMT) boundary-guided semantic segmentation (BGSeg), i.e., DMT_BGSeg, which makes full use of the labeled data from PMO and the unlabeled data from the other five stations to detect and segment sunspot components in all sunspot drawings of the six Chinese stations. The sunspot is detected and segmented. Additionally, each sunspot is split into four types of components: pore, spot, umbra, and hole. The testing results show the mIoU values of PMO, YNAO, BJP, NJU, QDOS and SSOS are 85.29, 72.65, 73.82, 64.28, 62.26, and 60.07, respectively. The results of the comparison also show that DMT_BGSeg is effective in detecting and segmenting sunspots in Chinese sunspot drawings. The numbers and areas of sunspot components are measured separately. All of the detailed data are publicly shared on China-VO, which will advance the comprehensive augmentation of the global historical sunspot database and further the understanding of the long-term solar activity cycle and solar dynamo.
SpectAcLE: An Improved Method for Modeling Light Echo Spectra
Authors: Partoush Roee , Rest Armin , Jencson Jacob E. , Poznanski Dovi , Foley Ryan J. , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Andrews Jennifer E. , Angulo Rodrigo , Badenes Carles , Bianco Federica B. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Ridden-Harper Ryan , Li Xiaolong , Margheim Steve , Matheson Thomas , Olsen Knut A. G. , Siebert Matthew R. , Smith Nathan , Welch Douglas L. , Zenteno A.
Published: July 2024

Light echoes give us a unique perspective on the nature of supernovae and nonterminal stellar explosions. Spectroscopy of light echoes can reveal details on the kinematics of the ejecta, probe asymmetry, and reveal details of ejecta interaction with circumstellar matter, thus expanding our understanding of these transient events. However, the spectral features arise from a complex interplay between the source photons, the reflecting dust geometry, and the instrumental setup and observing conditions. In this work, we present an improved method for modeling these effects in light echo spectra, one that relaxes the simplifying assumption of a light-curve-weighted sum, and instead estimates the true relative contribution of each phase of a transient event to the observed spectrum. We discuss our logic, the gains we obtain over light echo analysis methods used in the past, and prospects for further improvements. Lastly, we show how the new method improves our analysis of echoes from Tycho’s supernova (SN 1572) as an example.
On the Origin of Fast-rotating Stars. I. Photometric Calibration and Results of AO-assisted BVRI+Hα Imaging of NGC 330 with SAMI/SOAR
Authors: Navarete Felipe , Ticiani dos Santos Pedro , Carciofi Alex Cavaliéri , Figueiredo André Luiz
Published: July 2024

Hα emission is a clear indicator of circumstellar activity in Be stars, historically employed to assess the classical Be star (CBe) population in young open clusters (YOCs). The YOC NGC 330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud exhibits a large known fraction of CBe stars and was selected for a pilot study to establish a comprehensive methodology for identifying Hα emitters in the Magellanic Clouds, encompassing the entire B-type spectral range. Using the SOAR Adaptive Module Imager (SAMI), we investigated the stellar population of NGC 330 using multiband BVRI+Hα imaging. We identified Hα emitters within the entire V-band range covered by SAMI/SOAR observations (V ≲ 22), comprising the complete B-type stellar population and offering a unique opportunity to explore the Be phenomenon across all spectral subclasses. The stellar radial distribution shows a clear bimodal pattern between the most massive (B5 or earlier) and the lower mass main-sequence objects (later than B6) within the cluster. The former is concentrated toward the cluster center (showing a dispersion of σ = 4.26 ± 0.20 pc), whereas the latter extends across larger radii (σ = 10.83 ± 0.65 pc), indicating mass stratification within NGC 330. The total fraction of emitters is 4.4% ± 0.5%, notably smaller than previous estimates from flux- or seeing-limited observations. However, a higher fraction of Hα emitters is observed among higher mass stars (32.8% ± 3.4%) than within lower mass (4.4% ± 0.9%). Consequently, the putative CBe population exhibits distinct dynamical characteristics compared to the bulk of the stellar population in NGC 330. These findings highlight the significance of the current observations in providing a complete picture of the CBe population in NGC 330.
Formation and Evolution of Transient Prominence Bubbles Driven by Erupting Minifilaments
Authors: Guo Yilin , Hou Yijun , Li Ting , Shen Yuandeng , Wang Jincheng , Zhang Jun , Zheng Jianchuan , Wang Dong , Mei Lin
Published: July 2024

Prominence bubbles, the dark arch-shaped voids below quiescent prominences, are generally believed to be caused by the interaction between the prominences and the slowly emerging or quasi-stable underlying magnetic loops. However, this scenario could not explain some short-lived bubbles with extremely dynamic properties of evolution. Based on high-resolution Hα observations, here we propose that bubbles should be classified into two categories according to their dynamic properties: quasi-steady Type-I bubbles and transient Type-II bubbles. Type-I bubbles could remain relatively stable and last for several hours, indicating the existence of a quasi-stable magnetic topology, while Type-II bubbles grow and collapse quickly within 1 hr without stability duration, which are usually associated with erupting minifilaments. Analysis of several typical Type-II bubbles from different views, especially including an on-disk event, reveals that Type-II bubbles quickly appear and expand at a velocity of ∼5–25 km s−1 accompanied by an erupting minifilament below. The minifilament’s rising velocity is slightly larger than that of the Type-II bubbles’ boundary, which will lead to the collision with each other in a short time, subsequent collapse of Type-II bubbles, and formation of a large plume into the above prominence. We also speculate that only if the angle between the axis of the erupting minifilament and the line of sight is large enough, the interaction between the erupting minifilament and the overlying prominence could trigger a Type-II bubble with a typical arch-shaped but quickly expanding bright boundary.
Subaru Suprime-Cam Wide-field BVI Stellar Photometry of the M33 Galaxy
Authors: Stonkutė Rima , Vansevičius Vladas
Published: July 2024

We have surveyed the complete extent of the disk of M33—a gas-rich low-mass dwarf spiral galaxy in the Local Group. The B-, V-, and I-passband (the Johnson–Cousins system) CCD images (typical seeing ∼0.″8) were obtained with the Subaru Telescope equipped with the Suprime-Cam mosaic camera. The wide-field (∼1.°0 × 1.°5) catalog of 803,095 (15 ≤ V ≤ 25) starlike objects, measured using the point-spread function and aperture photometry techniques, is presented. We determined the distance modulus of M33 using the tip of the red giant branch (I
TRGB = 20.64 ± 0.02) as a reference point of (m − M)0 = 24.63 ± 0.02stat ± 0.06syst (843 kpc). We found young (≲100 Myr) stellar populations residing up to the deprojected radius of ∼10 kpc. The scale length of the young main-sequence (MS) star surface-number density in the range of radial distances from 7 to 9 kpc is 0.53 ± 0.03 kpc. The youngest MS stars (≲15 Myr) reside up to the radius of ∼8 kpc. This distribution of stellar populations may suggest an outside-in scenario of recent star formation in the disk of M33.
OH and H2O Maser Activities Among Long-period Variables
Authors: Wu Tian , Smith Graeme H.
Published: July 2024

The distribution within an infrared color–magnitude diagram of variable red giants known to have circumstellar masers is reported. Stars with H2O-maser sources occur within a color and period domain of (J − K

s
) > 1.15 and P > 199 days, respectively, often in the absence of OH masers. By contrast, OH masers are mostly detected among cooler red giants with (J − K

s
) > 1.35 and P > 316 days, and can coexist with H2O-maser sources. The results suggest that red giants must evolve to absolute magnitudes brighter than

M

K

s

=
−
6.8

prior to enabling H2O-maser emission, and possibly expand beyond a certain size before triggering OH masers.
Optimising species detection probability and sampling effort in lake fish eDNA surveys
Authors: Sellers Graham S. , Jerde Christopher L. , Harper Lynsey R. , Benucci Marco , Di Muri Cristina , Li Jianlong , Peirson Graeme , Walsh Kerry , Hatton-Ellis Tristan , Duncan Willie , Duguid Alistair , Ottewell Dave , Willby Nigel , Law Alan , Bean Colin W. , Winfield Ian J. , Read Daniel S. , Handley Lori Lawson , Hänfling Bernd
Published: July 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is transforming biodiversity monitoring in aquatic environments. Such an approach has been developed and deployed for monitoring lake fish communities in Great Britain, where the method has repeatedly shown a comparable or better performance than conventional approaches. Previous analyses indicated that 20 water samples per lake are sufficient to reliably estimate fish species richness, but it is unclear how reduced eDNA sampling effort affects richness, or other biodiversity estimates and metrics. As the number of samples strongly influences the cost of monitoring programmes, it is essential that sampling effort is optimised for a specific monitoring objective. The aim of this project was to explore the effect of reduced eDNA sampling effort on biodiversity metrics (namely species richness and community composition) using algorithmic and statistical resampling techniques of a data set from 101 lakes, covering a wide spectrum of lake types and ecological quality. The results showed that reliable estimation of lake fish species richness could, in fact, usually be achieved with a much lower number of samples. For example, in almost 90% of lakes, 95% of complete fish richness could be detected with only 10 water samples, regardless of lake area. Similarly, other measures of alpha and beta-diversity were not greatly affected by a reduction in sample size from 20 to 10 samples. We also found that there is no significant difference in detected species richness between shoreline and offshore sampling transects, allowing for simplified field logistics. This could potentially allow the effective sampling of a larger number of lakes within a given monitoring budget. However, rare species were more often missed with fewer samples, with potential implications for monitoring of invasive or endangered species. These results should inform the design of eDNA sampling strategies, so that these can be optimised to achieve specific monitoring goals.
Report of coloration anomalies in mammals from Panama
Authors: Fuentes Rogemif , Castillo Melquiades , Moreno Ricardo , Quintero-Arrieta Helio , Pérez Edgar , Araúz Jacobo , Añino Yostin , Murcia-Moreno Daniel , Valdés Roderick , Bonilla Braulio , Gálvez Dumas
Published: July 2024

Coloration anomalies are widespread across the animal kingdom; however, they pass underreported for some taxa or are extremely rare, like in the case of mammals. Three of those anomalies are albinism, leucism, and erythrism, each of which generates atypical colorations in white with white spots and reddish-brown, respectively. Here, we report five cases of coloration anomalies in mammals from Panama: 1) albinism in the Derby’s woolly opossum (Caluromys derbianus Waterhouse, 1841), the lowland Paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766), and the variegated squirrel (Echinosciuris variegatoides Ogilby, 1839). 2) leucism in the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata J. E. Gray, 1842), and 3) erythrism in the northern Tamandua (Tamandua mexicana Saussure, 1860). We discuss some implications of these observations and the importance of gathering this type of data for developing more complex studies in the future.
Mobilisation scolaire des familles : travail parental invisible et exigences de résultats
Authors: Bénit Stéphane
Published: July 2024

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier au travers d’entretiens la mobilisation scolaire parentale. Il s’agit d’interroger une partie de la transmission par osmose du capital culturel à l’intérieur de l’espace domestique au travers de la description des pratiques éducatives concrètes plus principalement centrées sur les évaluations scolaires. Fondé sur des entretiens semi directifs réalisés au domicile des parents, parents et enfants ont été interrogés à propos des modalités concrètes de travail, d’aides aux apprentissages. Notre travail articule pratiques parentales et expériences vécues par les enfants autour notamment des questions liées aux exigences de résultats des évaluations scolaires. Nous tentons de montrer que la réussite des enfants issus de familles favorisées résulte d’un travail éducatif méticuleux articulé le plus souvent aux évaluations scolaires.
L’autorité enseignante à l’épreuve de l’espace et du matériel : le cas singulier de l’EPS
Authors: Mayeko Teddy
Published: July 2024

L’autorité d’un enseignant se bâtit dans l’exercice quotidien du métier. Relativement instable, elle s’éprouve et se construit dans la classe, au contact des élèves. À ce titre, l’EPS apparaît comme une discipline singulière, car elle propose aux acteurs (enseignant et élèves) des conditions de travail et d’apprentissage globalement éloignées des spatialités scolaires habituelles. Les repères matériels « classiques » (tables, chaises, tableau, etc.) disparaissent au profit d’autres artefacts (ballons, plots, chasubles, etc.) qui deviennent des objets incontournables du travail scolaire. Ainsi, cette contribution cherche à comprendre les fondements de l’autorité du professeur d’EPS. À travers une analyse comparative, elle met en avant l’importance des dimensions spatiales et matérielles. Le cas échéant, il semble que la proximité instaurée avec les élèves et l’usage que l’enseignant fait des objets pendant la leçon, déterminent des registres d’interaction plus ou moins compatibles avec la conduite de l’autorité.
Triple solutions for a Leray-Lions $ p(x) $-biharmonic operator involving Hardy potential and indefinite weight
Authors: Kefi K. , Liu Jian
Published: July 2024

Existence and multiplicity of three weak solutions for a Leray-Lions $ p(x) $-biharmonic problem involving Hardy potential and indefinite weight were proved. Our main tools combined variational methods and some critical theorems.
Sturm-Liouville problem in multiplicative fractional calculus
Authors: Gulsen Tuba , Goktas Sertac , Abdeljawad Thabet , Gurefe Yusuf
Published: July 2024

Multiplicative calculus, or geometric calculus, is an alternative to classical calculus that relies on division and multiplication as opposed to addition and subtraction, which are the basic operations of classical calculus. It offers a geometric interpretation that is especially helpful for simulating systems that degrade or expand exponentially. Multiplicative calculus may be extended to fractional orders, much as classical calculus, which enables the analysis of systems having fractional scaling properties. So, in this paper, the well-known Sturm-Liouville problem in fractional calculus is reformulated in multiplicative fractional calculus. The considered problem consists of the Sturm-Liouville operator using multiplicative conformable derivatives on the equation and on boundary conditions. This research aimed to explore some of the problem's spectral aspects, like being self-adjointness of the operator, orthogonality of different eigenfunctions, and reality of all eigenvalues. In this specific situation, Green's function is also recreated.
An Analysis of the Efficiency of a Selection of Mobile Language Learning Apps
Authors: Gimeno-Sanz Ana María , Gutiérrez-Colón Mar , Manegre Marni
Published: July 2024

This chapter aims to pinpoint the features characterizing a mobile app that make it effective to learn a foreign language. To reach this aim, the authors used two types of instruments: publicly available efficacy reports on four popular language learning apps and a framework for evaluating language learning apps. A correlation study was conducted between the two instruments by depicting several parameters from the efficacy reports: the number of hours needed to cover the requirements of one semester, the number of participants who did and did not improve their language skills using the app, the efficacy or improvement per hour, and app user perception. Subsequently, the apps were analyzed according to the evaluation framework. The study concludes that learner improvement is closely related to the underlying pedagogy implemented within the app, that there is a strong correlation between language uptake and overall user satisfaction, and that the more interaction, interactivity, and better technological traits an app has, the higher quantity of study hours the user spends on the app.
Student and Teacher Views on the Use of Online Language Support Tools in EFL Exam Preparation
Authors: Soltyska Anna
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the use of selected digital language support tools in a cross-level English course preparing students for various international standardised examinations. It hopes to offer a better understanding of how digital technologies can be incorporated into language classrooms and what learners and teachers need to know in order to benefit from their use. The study addresses two questions: How familiar are learners with various online tools and what do they use them for? What do learners and teachers think about the tools in the context of foreign language learning, especially for exam preparation? To investigate these issues quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. The findings confirm that regardless of their language proficiency level students should be familiarised with the tools available to them and made aware of the advantages and disadvantages of using them for learning purposes.
Augmented Reality Mobile Games in Japanese Language Classrooms
Authors: Shintaku Kayo
Published: July 2024

This study examined how augmented reality (AR) mobile games can be utilized to teach and learn Japanese-as-a-foreign-language (JFL) in the classroom. JFL students (n = 16) played a GPS-based AR game created using a map of the campus. Each student was given pre- and post-gaming worksheets and a vocabulary reference sheet. The findings revealed that progress through and completion of the AR game's story provided students with a sense of achievement and using the learners' familiar campus resulted in situated learning that connected their physical experience and text interactions in a multimodal setting. However, though the AR game seemed to deliver a successful learning experience overall, the challenges of the app highlight the need for improvements in areas such as the use of furigana and the proportion of unfamiliar vocabulary and kanji. These findings also raised the question of whether students need additional preparation for unfamiliar items, suggesting that these items should be introduced more effectively and used within more extensive learning experiences.
The Mental Well-Being of Digital Natives in the Age of AI
Authors: Fei Wang
Published: July 2024

Digital natives, surrounded by technology since birth, face a unique landscape shaped by artificial intelligence (AI). While AI unlocks a world of connection, information, and personalization, it can also present challenges for their mental well-being. This chapter explores this intricate relationship. The authors will delve into potential sources of anxiety, stress, and isolation linked to AI, like social media algorithms and constant connectivity. But it won't all be concerns. They will also explore solutions, like critical thinking skills, mindfulness practices, and fostering positive online communities. This chapter aims to equip readers with insights and strategies to navigate the digital world in the AI age, promoting a healthy mental landscape for young people.
AI-Enhanced Youth Career Guidance by Mapping Future Employment Paths With Theory and Practical Application
Authors: Ahrari Seyedali , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Abdullah Rusli
Published: July 2024

In today's world of continuous learning, there are challenges in providing accessible career guidance to young people that connect education and employment. However, there has been limited research into using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve guidance in professional life. This chapter discusses the progress made in leveraging AI to enhance and advance youth career guidance. One innovative solution to this challenge lies in the use of AI technology. AI can revolutionize the way career guidance is delivered by offering personalized and data-driven recommendations tailored to each individual's unique skills, interests, and goals. Despite the immense potential of AI in transforming the way career guidance is provided, there has been limited research on how this technology can be effectively utilized in higher education and professional life. This lack of exploration is a missed opportunity to leverage AI to its fullest potential in empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their education and career paths.
Enhancing AI-Enabled Education Through Mobile Learning and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Integration
Authors: Shafik Wasswa
Published: July 2024

Recent technological developments influence different daily human activities, including education and lifestyle. This chapter explores the significance of mobile learning and bringing your own device to enhance education in the digital age. It highlights the growing use of mobile devices in educational settings and their advantages and drawbacks. The literature review analyses existing research, frameworks, and best practices for utilizing mobile devices and smartphones in educational settings. The study examines pedagogical approaches, mobile resources, and educational applications that utilize mobile technology for personalized and engaging learning. It also discusses related policies, implementation difficulties, and successful case studies of technology adoption. The chapter offers best practices for maximizing the benefits, such as management strategies, and a safe learning environment. The chapter also speculates on the future developments and effects of mobile learning in the classroom, exploring new technologies and innovations that may influence education.
A Survey on Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Among Youth in the Digital Age in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Nawi Nur Raihan Che , Arshad Mohd Mursyid , Ismail Ismi Arif , Wahat Nor Wahiza Abd , D'Silva Jeffrey Lawrence , Abd Aziz Mohd Faiq , Shaffril Hayrol Azril Mohammed , Dahalan Dzulhailmi
Published: July 2024

This survey study reports findings on information technology and artificial intelligence among two types of youth: youth aged 15–30 and youth aged 31–40 in Selangor, Malaysia. Data were collected from 1000 youth from 9 districts of Selangor (Gombak, Petaling, Kuala Langat, Hulu Langat, Kuala Selangor, Hulu Selangor, Sabak Bernam, Klang, and Sepang). The study findings for information technology and artificial intelligence show eleven items. As expected, overall respondents from youth categories recorded the highest mean score of 4.04, and the youth adult mean score is 3.99. In conclusion, the digital age presents both opportunities and challenges for youth in Selangor, Malaysia. Understanding the implications of information technology and artificial intelligence on youth is crucial for promoting their well-being and harnessing the benefits of digital advancements in education, health, and social interactions
Screen Time and Identity Formation
Authors: Baydili Ismail
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence, one of the significant developments of our era, has a profound impact on many areas. These new companions frequently encountered in our daily lives facilitate many aspects of our lives. However, beyond the conveniences they provide, they also affect our identity and personality. The impact of digital tools is particularly significant for 'digital natives,' who were born in the digital age and have grown up using them. It is more inevitable and crucial for them than for other individuals. Young people who lack sufficient life experience and have not had enough human-to-human interaction may develop a communication pattern devoid of emotions and empathy by transitioning to human-machine experiences. This could have a profound impact on both individuals and society. Rather than creating machines that think and feel like humans, we may end up with humans who think and live like machines. This study examines the effects of artificial intelligence on human interaction, identity, and personality.
Tool Design and Material Selection Trends
Authors: Sharma Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Friction stir welding (FSW) represents a solid-state welding technique wherein joining occurs through the frictional heat generated between a non-consumable tool and the parent material. This process offers several advantages over fusion welding methods due to its lower processing temperatures. The quality of FSWed joints significantly relies on the characteristics of the tool and various process parameters involved. The tool geometry in FSW comprises a tool shoulder and a probe, with the latter being a crucial element susceptible to wear. Tool wear is particularly concerning, especially when welding high-temperature strength materials like Ni superalloys. Hence, this chapter delves into discussions regarding tool geometries and materials aimed at enhancing the weld strength of FSWed joints.
Study on Joining Challenges in Friction Stir Welding of Composite Materials
Authors: Tirlangi Satyanarayana , Paul Alias , Shanmugam A. , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Suresh R.
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the joining challenges of friction stir welding (FSW) are covered, with a focus on the integration of hybrid composite materials such as MMCs (metal matrix composites) and PMCs (polymer matrix composites). It describes the difficulties in welding various composites due to the usage of different material characteristics with exact control over the welding parameters and tool design, and FSW factors on the quality of the weld. It also covers how material choice and tool shape affect fault mitigation. It illustrates current developments in FSW tool design and materials, highlighting creativity to meet obstacles. Effective techniques for producing FSW joints with a long lifespan are demonstrated by best practices in the automobile industry. In order to optimize FSW procedures for hybrid composite structures, the chapter intends to serve as a reference for engineers and researchers.
Legal Tender in the Age of Central Bank Digital Currencies
Authors: Balogun Adekunle Alexander
Published: July 2024

This chapter explored the traditional concept of legal tender and the role of the central banks in the issuance and promotion of a country's currency in relation to the monetary policy obligations in the era of digital currencies. The chapter examines the jurisdictional opportunities and limitations inherent in the CBDC in view of the legal tender concept as a default means of settlement of financial obligations in a country. The chapter demonstrated that the benefits of CBDC becoming an acceptable legal tender are contingent upon a robust financial architecture and acceptance of the token by the population. It is recommended that central monetary authorities should leverage current digital technology and innovations in collaboration with the private financial institutions for an efficient transition to the digital financial system.
Mediating Role of Central Bank Digital Currency on the Effect of Monetary Policy on Banking System Stability in Nigeria.
Authors: Adewumi Pelumi A. , Oyamendan Anthony , Ogunsanwo Odunayo F.
Published: July 2024

This study examined the mediating role of central bank digital currency on the effect of monetary policy on banking system stability in Nigeria. The study drew its data from an online questionnaire targeted at professionals and experts, which was analysed with a structural equation model (SEM). The study is limited to 150 respondents. The findings show that monetary policy has a positive impact on central bank digital currency and a negative impact on banking system stability. The central bank digital currency has a positive mediating role on the effect of monetary policy on the banking stability system. The research came to the conclusion that digital money issued by central banks in Nigeria has a beneficial mediating role in enhancing the impact of monetary policy on the stability of the banking system. It is advised that the monetary authority work to advance the use of digital money issued by central banks in the economy and make policies that will support the stability of the banking system.
Exploring the Integration of Virtual Laboratories in Science Education
Authors: Shambare Brian , Simuja Clement
Published: July 2024

The advantage of VLs lies in their capacity for simulating real-world lab experiences within a fully immersive digital environment, yet the uptake in rural schools in developing countries remains low. To understand this paradox, this study explores the perceptions of seven secondary school science teachers in a rural district in South Africa. Through a qualitative case-study methodology guided by the interpretive paradigm, this research adopts a phenomenological approach to gain insights into teachers' attitudes, understandings, and the factors influencing their acceptance or rejection of this technology. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology is employed as a theoretical framework. The study finds that despite potential educational benefits, the actual use of VLs is largely influenced by teacher perceptions and experiences, rooted in context-specific challenges. The findings reveal that teachers perceive VL as a beneficial and practical tool providing access to high-quality lab equipment necessary for student experiments, which could otherwise be cost-prohibitive.
Integration of Traditional Cultural Elements Into Civics Teaching Practice in Colleges and Universities Based on Internet Distance Education
Authors: Li Mao
Published: July 2024

This study uses questionnaire surveys to examine the real impact of incorporating traditional cultural elements into the practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. The integration of traditional cultural elements into these practices is the research object of this paper. It realizes the sharing of teaching resources for the integration of traditional culture into the practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and examines the impact of network distance education on students' learning interests using SQLServer development tools and network distance education technology. The study's conclusions demonstrate that students can enjoy the allure of traditional culture virtually by setting up a network distance education platform and implementing resource sharing. The study's findings offer theoretical evidence in favor of using network distant education to incorporate traditional cultural components into the practice of teaching politics and ideologies in higher education institutions.
Advanced Moored Data Buoys for Catching Typhoons in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Yang Yiing Jang , Yang Chien-Yi , Jan Sen , Chang Ming-Huei , Wei Ching-Ling , Her Wen-Hwa
Published: July 2024

Abstract With the western North Pacific being one of the most active typhoon hotspots, a reliable buoy system is essential for in situ observations during typhoon passages. This study details the development and implementation of two improved buoys designed by National Taiwan
University based on the Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System. It aims to establish a buoy network for near real-time, high-resolution meteorological and oceanic data collection during typhoon periods in the western North Pacific. The buoy system was distinguished by its reliable
design, low power-consumption system, dual satellite and radio communication system, and inductive modem-based data acquisition system. Moreover, the system was proven robust to extreme weather conditions and fishing challenges. From 2015 to 2022, we conducted sea trials in typhoon hotspot
regions every summer (normally June to October), demonstrating the buoys' durability and capability to withstand 21 typhoons while collecting valuable scientific data.
The problem of the terminally ill in today's society
Authors: Scarcella Paola , Calamo-Specchia Francesco Paolo
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Clinical bioethics
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Continuing care unit: new therapeutic and care solution in terminal illness
Authors: Turriziani Adriana , Nardone Luigia , Spedicato Maria Rosaria , Scopa Anna Maria , Marmiroli Luca
Published: July 2024

Continuing Care Unit (C.C.U.) is a program of care that integrates inpatient care (outpatient, inpatient and day hospital) with home care, when the latter due to the severity or complexity of the disease cannot be implemented by the family physician alone.
The new Italian Code of Medical Ethics
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2024

The presentation of the new Italian Code of Medical Deontology would require a broad and comparative consideration with the previous text issued by the National Federation of Medical Boards in 1978, to note the points of development in these ten years, in which new problems and new demands have emerged in the world of medical culture and science.
Current updates on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and development of small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of Ebola virus infections
Authors: Khan Shah Alam , Shrivastava Neelima , Akhtar Md. Jawaid , Ahmad Aftab , Husain Asif
Published: July 2024

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare, highly contagious and a deadly disease with a variable fatality rate ranging from 30% to 90%. Over the past two decades, Ebola pandemic has severely affected the sub-Sahara region including Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Uganda. The causative agents of the most EVD cases are three distinct species out of six Ebolaviruses namely Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan Ebolavirus (SUDV) and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus (BDBV). In recent years, significant strides have been made in therapeutic interventions. Notably, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved two monoclonal antibodies: InmazebTM (REGN-EB3) and Ansuvimab or Ebanga™. Additionally, many small molecules are currently in the developmental stage, promising further progress in medical treatment. Addressing the critical need for preventive measures, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the licensed Ebola vaccines-Ervebo and the combination of Zabdeno (Ad26.ZEBOV) and Mvabea (MVA-BN-Filo) as well as the vaccines which are currently being tested for their efficacy and safety in clinical studies. These vaccines might play an important role in curbing the spread and mitigating the impact of this lethal disease. The current treatment landscape for EVD encompasses both nutritional (supportive) and drug therapies. The review comprehensively details the origin, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of EVD, shedding light on the ongoing efforts to combat this devastating disease. It explores small molecules in various stages of the development, discusses patents filed or granted, and delves into the clinical and supportive therapies that form the cornerstone of EVD management. This review aims to provide the recent developments made in the design and synthesis of small molecules for scientific community to facilitate a deeper understanding of the disease and fostering the development of effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and control of EVD.
Results of quadruple elastic nailing for length unstable fracture femur in pediatrics
Authors: Gaarour Osama S. , Abulsaad Mazen S. , Elkhouli Eslam H. , Abouelnas Bassam A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Length-unstable shaft femur fractures including spiral, long oblique, and comminuted fractures are mechanically unstable under axial, bending, and rotational forces. The risk of shortening, rotation, and malalignment increases substantially with the standard technique using only two nails. Our study was the first to report the results of quadruple elastic nailing for length-unstable femoral fractures on a prospective basis. Moreover, our study was the first to correlate this technique to the operative time and to the radiation exposure time.

Patients and methods

In all, 26 patients with simple length-unstable pediatric shaft fracture femur were included from October 2020 to October 2022. We used four elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESINs) for fracture fixation. Operative time and radiation exposure time were calculated for each patient. Follow-up of union was judged by radiograph at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The Flynn score was used for evaluation at the 6th month postoperatively.

Results

Most of the studied cases were associated with excellent outcomes (84.6%) with four cases being associated with satisfactory outcomes (15.4%). Entire cases were associated with full ROM with no recorded angular deformity or rotational deformity. The mean operative time, radiation exposure time, and full union duration were 1.23 ± 0.31 h, 1.26 ± 0.27 min, and 9.08 ± 2.78 weeks, respectively.

Conclusion

Our case series supports the use of ESIN in length-unstable diaphyseal femur fractures with 26 patients treated with a quartet of ESINs.