bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Delay in Detonation of a Sandwiched Explosive Impacted by a Shaped Charge Jet
Authors: Yadav H. S.
Published: July 2020

A simple analytical model has been developed to determine delay in detonation of an explosive sandwiched between two metal plates and impacted by a shaped charge jet. The analytical model consists of a relation between detonation delay and depth of jet penetration in a target kept in contact across the explosive sandwich. This relation is derived by expressing depth of jet penetration P as a function of detonation delay Tdx and duration Tw of free passage of the jet through the hole in the top plate of the sandwich. One more relation between Tdx and Tw has been obtained from the theory of expansion of hole produced in a metal plate by jet impact. These two relations have been solved simultaneously to get values of both these parameters as a function of jet penetration. It is proposed that this analytical model can be used in two ways. First, this model can be used to calculate detonation delay by experimental measurement of jet penetration in a target. The detonation delay thus determined can be used to calculate insensitivity constant Aj of an explosive. Second, this model can be used to theoretically calculate jet penetrations obtained by different shaped charge warheads when using a sandwich of explosive with a given insensitivity. Both uses of this analytical model are illustrated using numerical examples.
Shooting Control Application from a Quadruped Robot with a Weapon System via Sliding mode Control Method
Authors: Tatar Ahmet Burak , Tanyıldızı Alper Kadir , Yakut Oğuz
Published: July 2020

With the developing technological process, it is expected that the usage of robots will increase in defense systems as in every field. One of the main objectives of the robotic studies for the defense industry is to capture the targeted success under all kinds of disruptive effects with robotic systems and to present this technology to the service of the army. A weapon system with a single degree of freedom was placed on a quadruped robot. System’s dynamic behavior, which has 12 degrees of freedom and planar movements, is modeled mathematically. Simulations of the shots made to the fixed targets were carried out during the walking of the quadruped robot. The gun barrel stabilization was realized to achieve accurate shots under disruptive effects. The sliding-mode control method was used to perform the barrel stabilisation. In this study, it is shown that a quadruped robot with a weapon system can perform successful shots against fixed targets. MATLAB is used for simulations and the results are shown with figures, graphics, and tables.
Modelling and Analysis of Emitter Geolocation using Satellite Tool Kit
Authors: Agrawal Suman , Sharma Anupam , Bhatnagar Charul , Chauhan D.S.
Published: July 2020

This paper considers geolocation of a stationary radio frequency emitter which is being steered by multiple antennas installed on a geostationary satellite using received signal strength metric. The difference in the signal strengths is measured by the antennas and subsequently plotted as lines of position on the surface of the earth. Intersection of these two or more lines of position indicates the location of the terrestrial radio frequency transmitters. This problem is appropriately modelled using a satellite tool kit that simulates the space environment involving satellites, antennas, emitters, etc in a realistic and integrated manner. Accuracy and size of the geolocation area depend on the distance between emitters and the receiver and also on the contour widths geometry. Results of geolocation accuracy are compared by installing the radio frequency emitter at increasing latitudes and at varying contour widths. It is observed that the emitters placed at lower latitudes and having smaller contour widths provided higher accuracy in geolocation that validates the proposed formulation.
Relationship between teacher's work engagement and effectiveness of school
Authors: Koçak Serdar , Nartgün Şenay Sezgin
Published: July 2020

In this study, it is aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between the perceptions of teachers about engagement to work and their perceptions about the effectiveness of the schools. In addition, according to the personal characteristics of teachers, it is important to determine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between teachers' perceptions about engagement of work and school effectiveness. Quantitative research was conducted in correlatıonal resarch type. The study population consisted of teachers working in high schools in the central district of Bolu in the academic year 2018-2019. The scale of engagement to work and the effective school scale were used in the study. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Rho correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, I agree with the level of attitudes of teachers regarding their engagement to work, and the effectiveness of schools, I agree with the dimensions of manager, teacher and school environment education process but they are undecided about the effectiveness of students and parents. Significant differences were found between personal variables in terms of gender, age, seniority, type of school, and there was a positive and moderate significant relationship between teachers' engagement with the job and their opinions about the effectiveness of schools.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 
Özet
Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin işe angaje olma durumlarına ilişkin algıları ile okulların etkililiğine yönelik algıları arasında ilişki olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin kişisel özelliklerine göre öğretmenlerin okulların etkililiğine ve işe angaje olmalarına yönelik algıları arasında istatistik olarak anlamlı ilişkiler olup olmadığı da saptanmıştır. Çalışma nicel bir araştırma olup ilişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma çalışma evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bolu ili Merkez ilçede bulunan ortaöğretim kurumlarında çalışan 276 öğretmenler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ölçme aracı olarak işe angaje olma (Köse, 2015) ve etkili okul ölçeği (Uğurlu ve Abdurrezzak, 2015) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis ve Spearman Rho korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğretmenlerin işe angaje olma durumlarına ilişkin görüşleri katılıyorum düzeyinde, okulların etkililiğine ilişkin görüşleri ise yönetici, öğretmen ile okul ortamı ve eğitim-öğretim süreci boyutlarında katılıyorum fakat öğrenci ile okul çevresi ve veliler boyutlarına yönelik kararsızım düzeyindedir. Kişisel değişkenlerden cinsiyet, yaş, kıdem, okul türü açısından anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuş olup, öğretmenlerin işe angaje olma ile okulların etkililiğine yönelik görüşleri arasında pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.
Struktura wizerunku elektoratów partii politycznych
Authors: Gorbaniuk Oleg , Śniadach Justyna , Piwowarczyk Damian , Bendyk Monika , Majewska Małgorzata , Ostrowska Anna
Published: July 2020

Celem serii czterech badań eksploracyjnych i konfirmacyjnych przeprowadzonych w latach 2009, 2011, 2015 i 2017 była identyfikacja struktury postrzegania elektoratów partii politycznych i opracowanie narzędzia do pomiaru tej struktury. Ustalono, że elektoraty partii politycznych są postrzegane przez pryzmat trzech wymiarów osobowości (Uczciwość, Konfliktowość i Podatność na manipulację), światopoglądu i ideologii (Konserwatyzm, Lewicowość vs. Prawicowość) oraz wymiaru oceniającego (Zacofanie vs. Nowoczesność). W badaniach potwierdzono równoważność konfiguracyjną i metryczną struktury postrzegania elektoratów różnych partii oraz ich wartość w wyjaśnianiu preferencji wyborczych. Opracowany model strukturalny oraz walory psychometryczne kwestionariusza otwierają nowe możliwości systematycznych badań empirycznych uwarunkowań zachowań wyborczych.
МОВНА КАРТИНА СВІТУ — КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНА КАРТИНА СВІТУ — ХУДОЖНЯ КАРТИНА СВІТУ: ПАРАМЕТРИЧНІ ОЗНАКИ Й ХАРАКТЕР СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ
Authors: YAREMCHUK ANASTASIIA
Published: July 2020

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest zbadaniu zagadnienia cech parametrycznych takich pojęć jak: językowy obraz świata, konceptualny obraz świata oraz artystyczny obraz świata. Prześledzono proces kształtowania się lingwokonceptologii jako nauki niezależnej, wyznaczono znaczenie terminu lingwokonceptologia, jej obiekt oraz przedmiot, a także cel i zadania wskazanej dziedziny nauki. Wnioskujemy, że lingwokonceptologia opiera się na identyfikacji i badaniu konceptów, a także na środkach, które je reprezentują. Obraz świata to zbiór ludzkich wyobrażeń na jego temat. Konceptualne i językowe obrazy świata są ze sobą skorelowane: pierwszy obiektywizuje wiedzę w ludzkim umyśle realizowaną poprzez językowy obraz świata, przy czym jest znacznie szerszy; drugi to sposób badania pewnych indywidualnych lub narodowych osobliwości zachowań ludzkich poprzez modelowanie pojęć. Artystyczny obraz świata różni się tym, że zbudowany jest na podstawie aktualizacji obiektywnej, ale jednocześnie subiektywnej idei świata, a także ludzkiej świadomości, która graniczy z czynnikiem nieświadomym oraz iluzjami.
ПУБЛІЧНИЙ ВИСТУП ЯК МОВЛЕННЄВИЙ ЖАНР РИТУАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ: ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ НОВОРІЧНОГО ЗВЕРНЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ПРЕЗИДЕНТСЬКІЙ РИТОРИЦІ (на матеріалі новорічних привітань Петра Порошенка)
Authors: КОНДРАТЕНКО НАТАЛІЯ
Published: July 2020

W artykule zbadano jeden z gatunków dyskursu politycznego - orędzie noworoczne stanowiące rytuał werbalnej komunikacji politycznej. Określono strukturalno-kompozycyjne, semantyczne i lingwopragmatyczne cechy orędzia noworocznego, prześledzono dynamikę przemówień świątecznych prezydenta Petra Poroszenki. Celem artykułu jest określenie głównych tendencji i zmian w obrębie gatunku orędzia noworocznego odzwierciedlonych w przemówieniach świątecznych obecnego prezydenta Ukrainy P. Poroszenki. Szczegółowe kwestie poruszane w artykule to: zdefiniowanie strukturalnych i semantycznych cech przemówień noworocznych, a także przeanalizowanie głównych zmian w ich formie i treści. Materiał opracowania stanowiły teksty wystąpień noworocznych P. Poroszenki w latach 2015-2018. Udowodniono, że struktura orędzi noworocznych składa się z trzech następujących po sobie części: retrospektywnej, prospektywnej oraz życzeń. Rytualne sformułowania zawierają nazwy adresatów w odniesieniu do przynależności narodowej, państwowej, więzów rodzinnych. Pod względem semantycznym przemówienia noworoczne koncentrują się wokół aktualnej sytuacji w kraju oraz obietnic pozytywnych zmian w kolejnym roku. Koncepcyjne markery leksykalne to „ukraiński”,, jedność”, „naród” i „rozwój”. Można zaobserwować tendencje do wydłużania części retrospektywnej i skracania części prospektywnej (zarówno pod względem objętności, jak i treści), preferowania nazewnictwa związanego z narodowością i państwem, domi­nowania rytualnych sformułowań i treści patriotycznych, nasilania się semantyki religijnej, w szcze­gólności chrześcijańskiej, redukcji elementów międzynarodowych i orientacji na politykę europej ską, pozytywnego oceniania, wzmacniania egocentryzmu mówiącego (nadawcy). Poruszono problemy konceptualizacji, semantyki i lingwopragmatyki orędzi noworocznych, zareprezentowano wyniki badań nad dynamiką przemówień noworocznych w dyskursie politycznym.
КОНЦЕПТ “ДУША” В АРЕАЛЬНІЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЇ
Authors: МАЦЮК ЗОРЯНА , ФЕНКО МАРІЯ
Published: July 2020

Jedną z najbardziej charakterystycznych cech współczesnej lingwistyki jest geneza i intensywny rozwój nowych obszarów językowych. Do szczególnie aktualnych kwestii należą te, które obejmują badanie konceptów. Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu refleksji w języku konceptosfery narodu i jej głównych konceptów. To warunkuje potrzebę dalszych badań nad szczegółami strukturyzacji konceptów reprezentowanych przez jednostki frazeologiczne oraz ustalenia ich wzajemnego oddziaływania. Ujawniono potencjał tworzenia treści konceptu „dusza” podczas frazeologizacji jednostek, zidentyfikowano stosunek mentalny do konceptu, zarówno w kulturze materialnej, jak i duchowej. Koncept „dusza” określa znaczną ilość informacji kulturowych i jest podstawą duchowego kodu kultury. We współczesnych koncepcjach lingwistyczno- kulturowych człowiek postrzegany jest jednocześnie jako nosiciel języka i kultury. Właśnie dlatego znaki językowe mają zdolność pełnienia funkcji znaków kultury, służąc jako środek przedstawienia podstawowych jej zasad. To potwierdza zdolność języka do reprezentowania kulturowej i narodowej tożsamości jego nosicieli.
Homogenization of quadratic convolution energies in periodically perforated domains
Authors: Braides Andrea , Piatnitski Andrey
Published: July 2020

We prove a homogenization theorem for quadratic convolution energies defined in perforated domains. The corresponding limit is a Dirichlet-type quadratic energy, whose integrand is defined by a non-local cell-problem formula. The proof relies on an extension theorem from perforated domains belonging to a wide class containing compact periodic perforations.
Two optical sensing elements for H2O and NO2 gas sensing based on the single plasmonic – photonic crystal slab
Authors: Ignatov Anton I. , Merzlikin Alexander M.
Published: July 2020

Two optical sensing elements based on the surface plasmon waves at the plasmonic-photonic-crystal/air interface, excited in the Kretschmann configuration, are proposed. The sensing elements are designed to detect air humidity and NO2 concentration in air. The angular reflectance spectra of the sensing elements are theoretically analyzed as the function of the analyte concentration. The proposed NO2-sensing element has no cross-sensitivity to humidity. The two sensing elements are based on the same multilayer metal-dielectric structure with the only exception on different gas-sensitive material layers. When combined, the sensing elements can be used to measure humidity and NO2 concentration in humid air.
Potential drug-drug interactions in ICU patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Ali Iyad , Bazzar Alaa , Hussein Nadine , Sahhar Emile
Published: July 2020

Objectives

A “potential drug-drug interaction” (pDDI) is the possibility one drug has to alter the effects of another when both are administered simultaneously. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are especially prone to these pDDIs. This study aimed to determine the frequency and severity of pDDIs during the hospitalization of patients in the ICU.

Methods

This study was conducted retrospectively in three hospitals, including both governmental and non-governmental hospitals in Nablus, Palestine, over the course of six months; starting in January 2018 and ending in June 2018. The sample size included 232 ICU patients, and medications prescribed during the hospitalization of these patients were evaluated for pDDIs using the drugs.com application.

Results

A total of 167 patients (72%) were found to have at least one pDDI, while the total number of pDDIs in the study was 422, resulting in an average of 1.82 pDDIs per patient. Out of the total identified pDDIs, 41 interactions (9.7%) were major interactions, 281 (66.6%) were moderate interactions and 100 (23.7%) were minor interactions. The past medical history of these patients showed that many had hypertension (29%), diabetes mellitus (25%) and ischemic heart disease (10%). A serious combination, enoxaparin and aspirin, was found in six patients. Furthermore, as the number of administered drugs increased, the number of interactions increased as well.

Conclusions

The pDDIs are common in ICU patients. The most common and clinically most important pDDIs require special attention. Polypharmacy significantly increases the number and level of pDDIs, especially in patients with multiple chronic illnesses. Adequate knowledge regarding the most common pDDIs is necessary to enable healthcare professionals to implement ICU strategies that ensure patient safety.
Towards better metainterpretation: improving the clinician’s interpretation of the radiology report
Authors: Johnson Kevin M.
Published: July 2020

How the clinician interprets the radiology report has a major impact on the patient’s care. It is a crucial cognitive task, and can also be a significant source of error. Because the clinician must secondarily interpret the radiologist’s interpretation of the images, this step can be referred to as a “metainterpretation”. Some considerations for that task are offered from the perspective of a radiologist. A revival of the tradition of discussing cases with the radiologist is encouraged.
m-potent commutators involving skew derivations and multilinear polynomials
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Pary Sajad Ahmad , Raza Mohd Arif
Published: July 2020

Let

ℛ

{\mathscr{R}}

be a prime ring,

𝒬
r

{\mathscr{Q}_{r}}

the right Martindale quotient ring of

ℛ

{\mathscr{R}}

and

𝒞

{\mathscr{C}}

the extended centroid of

ℛ

{\mathscr{R}}

.
In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the structure of prime rings and the behavior of skew derivations on multilinear polynomials. More precisely, we investigate the m-potent commutators of skew derivations involving multilinear polynomials, i.e.,

(

[

δ
⁢

(

f
⁢

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

)

,

f
⁢

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

]

)

m

=

[

δ
⁢

(

f
⁢

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

)

,

f
⁢

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

]

,

\big{(}[\delta(f(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})),f(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})]\big{)}^{m}=[%
\delta(f(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})),f(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})],

where

1
<
m
∈

ℤ
+

{1<m\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}}

,

f
⁢

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
,

x
n

)

{f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n})}

is a non-central multilinear polynomial over

𝒞

{\mathscr{C}}

and δ is a skew derivation of

ℛ

{\mathscr{R}}

.
Continuous abstract wavelet transform on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Kumar Ajay
Published: July 2020

The support of a wavelet transform associated with a square integrable irreducible representation of a homogeneous space is shown to have infinite measure. Assumptions are illustrated and supported by examples. The pointwise homogeneous approximation property for a wavelet transform has been investigated. An analogue of Heisenberg type inequality is also obtained for a wavelet transform on a wavelet group.
Potential Roles of Churches and Ecclesiology for Disability Inclusion
Authors: Tamminga Koos Sieger , Schaeffer Hans , Swinton John
Published: July 2020

This article describes which possible roles that (theological reflections on) the church can play in societal debates around disability and inclusion. A turn to inclusion is sketched out and a number of different ecclesiological responses are mapped out. We argue that an ecclesiology which is informed by church practices can contribute to reflection on the concept of inclusion, which, in turn, helps the church in its quest for inclusive practices. It also reflects on the implications of such a quest. Additionally, church practices and reflections on them may serve society at large in its quest for inclusion.
Listening for the Cries of the Earth: Practical Theology in the Anthropocene
Authors: McCarroll Pamela R.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the gap in practical theological research in relation to the devastating effects of the environmental crisis. The paper argues that, because of its silence, the field of practical theology is complicit unwittingly in perpetuating the environmental crisis. The paper identifies three potential causes that predispose the field to fall silent before the enormity of the crisis: 1. The human-centricity of its methodology, telos and theological anthropology; 2. The anthropocentricism of its theology based on dominant Western formulations, and; 3. The power of eco-anxiety to trigger defense mechanisms that foreclose acknowledgement of the crisis. Importantly, the paper also identifies interdisciplinary resources and conversation partners with whom the field of practical theology may re-construct creation-centered pathways forward.
Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 before labor admission during Covid-19 pandemic in Madrid
Authors: Herraiz Ignacio , Folgueira Dolores , Villalaín Cecilia , Forcén Laura , Delgado Rafael , Galindo Alberto
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Asymptomatic women admitted to labor may act as silent spreaders of COVID-19. Therefore, universal screening at admission has been proposed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) tests in women admitted to labor.

Methods

Observational retrospective study of a cohort of pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery between April 8 and May 2, 2020 in a large maternity in Madrid. SARS-CoV-2 screening with qRT-PCR from combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs was carried out systematically. Screening performance was described.

Results

We attended 212 deliveries. Nine cases with COVID-19 diagnosis before admission were excluded. In the remaining 203 women, seven referred COVID-19-related symptoms but only one had a positive qRT-PCR. Among the 194 asymptomatic women, only one case (0.5%) was positive.

Conclusions

The percentage of positive tests in asymptomatic women admitted to delivery was only 0.5% during the post-peak period.
Rate of convergence of uniform transport processes to a Brownian sheet
Authors: Rovira Carles
Published: July 2020

We give the rate of convergence to a Brownian sheet from a family of processes constructed starting from a set of independent standard Poisson processes. These processes have realizations that converge almost surely to the Brownian sheet, uniformly in the unit square.
Levinson-type inequalities via new Green functions and Montgomery identity
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Khan Khuram Ali , Pečarić Ðilda , Pečarić Josip
Published: July 2020

In this study, Levinson-type inequalities are generalized by using new Green functions and Montgomery identity for the class of k-convex functions (k ≥ 3). Čebyšev-, Grüss- and Ostrowski-type new bounds are found for the functionals involving data points of two types. Moreover, a new functional is introduced based on

f

{\mathfrak{f}}

divergence and then some estimates for new functional are obtained. Some inequalities for Shannon entropies are obtained too.
Statistical modeling of three-dimensional fractal point sets with a given spatial probability distribution
Authors: Kolyukhin Dmitriy
Published: July 2020

The work is devoted to three-dimensional modeling of fractal sets of points.
Additional constraints in the form of probability density caused by the frequency of the generated points’ spatial distribution are considered.
The suggested method for statistical simulation allows reproducing both the given probability distribution defining the spatial position of the generated points and the required fractal dimension.
Performed numerical computations confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for the considered test models.
QMC integration errors and quasi-asymptotics
Authors: Sobol Ilya M. , Shukhman Boris V.
Published: July 2020

A crude Monte Carlo (MC) method allows to calculate integrals over a d-dimensional cube.
As the number N of integration nodes becomes large, the rate of probable error of the MC method decreases as

O
⁢

(

1
/

N

)

{O(1/\sqrt{N})}

.
The use of quasi-random points instead of random points in the MC algorithm converts it to the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method.
The asymptotic error estimate of QMC integration of d-dimensional functions contains a multiplier

1
/
N

{1/N}

.
However, the multiplier

(

ln
⁡
N

)

d

{(\ln N)^{d}}

is also a part of the error estimate, which makes it virtually useless.
We have proved that, in the general case, the QMC error estimate is not limited to the factor

1
/
N

{1/N}

.
However, our numerical experiments show that using quasi-random points of Sobol sequences with

N
=

2
m

{N=2^{m}}

with natural m makes the integration error approximately proportional to

1
/
N

{1/N}

.
In our numerical experiments,

d
≤
15

{d\leq 15}

, and we used

N
≤

2
40

{N\leq 2^{40}}

points generated by the SOBOLSEQ16384 code published in 2011.
In this code,

d
≤

2
14

{d\leq 2^{14}}

and

N
≤

2
63

{N\leq 2^{63}}

.
Temporal plasmonics: Fano and Rabi regimes in the time domain in metal nanostructures
Authors: Ávalos-Ovando Oscar , Besteiro Lucas V. , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander O.
Published: July 2020

The Fano and Rabi models represent remarkably common effects in optics. Here we study the coherent time dynamics of plasmonic systems exhibiting Fano and Rabi spectral responses. We demonstrate that these systems show fundamentally different dynamics. A plasmonic system with a Fano resonance displays at most one temporal beat under pulsed excitation, whereas a plasmonic system in the Rabi-like regime may have any number of beats. Remarkably, the Fano-like systems show time dynamics with very characteristic coherent tails despite the strong decoherence that is intrinsic for such systems. The coherent Fano and Rabi dynamics that we predicted can be observed in plasmonic nanocrystal dimers in time-resolved experiments. Our study demonstrates that such coherent temporal plasmonics includes non-trivial and characteristic relaxation behaviors and presents an interesting direction to develop with further research.
Crystal structure of catena{di-aqua-sodium-[N-(hydroxyethyl), N-isopropyl-dithiocarbamato]}n, [C6H16NNaO2S2]n
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: July 2020

C6H16NNaO2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.2126(4) Å, b = 5.9418(1) Å, c = 14.6038(3) Å, β = 100.395(3)°, V = 1127.68(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0287, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0788, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis[μ2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioato-κS:κS,κS′)]-bis(triethylphosphine-κP)disilver(I), C22H46Ag2N2P2S4
Authors: Tan Yi Jiun , Yeo Chien Ing , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: July 2020

C22H46Ag2N2P2S4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.2008(3) Å, b = 12.2058(3) Å, c = 13.2466(4) Å, α = 88.155(2)°, β = 87.256(2)°, γ = 69.324(2)°, V = 1541.12(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0237, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0621, T = 100(2) K.
Environmental and ecological factors of stomach cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review study on ecological studies
Authors: Khazaei Salman , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Asgarian Azadeh , Heidari Hamidreza , Saghafipour Abedin , Arsang-Jang Shahram , Ansari Hossein
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Stomach cancer (SC) is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The effect of environmental and ecological factors in SC have been assessed in some studies. Thus, we aimed to synthesize the environmental and ecological factors of SC incidence and mortality.

Content

In this systematic review study, the scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, were searched from inception to November 2019 for all primary articles written in English by using relevant Medical Subject Heading (Mesh) terms. Two independent authors conducted the screening process to decide on the eligibility and inclusion of the articles in the study. The third author acted as an arbiter to resolve any disagreements.

Summary and Outlook

A total of 157 potentially relevant articles were identified from the initial search 38 of which met the eligibility criteria; finally, 34 articles were included in the systematic review. The results revealed that soil arsenic exposure, coal and other opencast mining installations, living near incinerators and installations for the recovery or disposal of hazardous waste, installations for the production of cement, lime, plaster, and magnesium oxide, proximity to a metal industry sources, dietary iron, ingested asbestos, farming, arsenic in soil, altitude, organochlorines and environmental exposure to cadmium and lead have positive associations with SC incidence or death. Most of the ecological and environmental factors such as living near the mineral industries, the disposal of hazardous waste, metal industry sources and environmental exposure to cadmium and lead are positively related to SC mortality and incidence. However, solar UV-B, heat index and dietary zinc can be taken into account as protective factors against SC mortality and incidence.
A link between nanoparticles and Parkinson’s disease. Which nanoparticles are most harmful?
Authors: Mohammadipour Abbas , Haghir Hossein , Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan Alireza
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, different kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) are produced around the world and used in many fields and products. NPs can enter the body and aggregate in the various organs including brain. They can damage neurons, in particular dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatal neurons which their lesion is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). So, NPs can have a role in PD induction along with other agents and factors. PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, and in patients, its symptoms progressively worsen day by day through different pathways including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein increasing and aggregation, apoptosis and reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for PD. So, prevention of this disease is very important. On the other hand, without having sufficient information about PD inducers, prevention of this disease would not be possible. Therefore, we need to have sufficient information about things we contact with them in daily life. Since, NPs are widely used in different products especially in consumer products, and they can enter to the brain easily, in this review the toxicity effects of metal and metal oxide NPs have been evaluated in molecular and cellular levels to determine potential of different kinds of NPs in development of PD.
A research and training center model – the Weizmann Institute of Science
Authors: Pecht Israel
Published: July 2020

The Weizmann Institute of Science is one of the world’s leading multidisciplinary basic research institutions in the natural sciences and mathematics. It is located in Rehovot, some 40 km west of Jerusalem, Israel. The Weizmann Institute has already a considerable history of fundamental research and discovery achievements, all driven by curiosity and creativity that led to remarkable appreciation. Inherent to its being an active research center, the Weizmann Institute has, already from its inception, been playing a major role in educating a substantial proportion of Israel’s scientific leadership.
Explore the activation efficiency of different ligand carriers on synNotch-based contact-dependent activation system
Authors: Niu Zhiyuan , Chen Guanxu , Chen Han , Yin Meichen , Zhi Lingtong , Zhu Wuling
Published: July 2020

Objectives

synNotch receptors can get different inputs about the outside environment into cells; however, synNotch system doesn’t work for soluble ligands. This study aims to explore the activation efficiency of different ligand carriers on synNotch system.

Methods

SynNotch-based contact-dependent activation system was constructed in 293T cells (293T-synNotch), then the synNotch receptor ligands eGFP proteins were provided by three different carriers: 400 nm Ni magnetic beads (Mag Ni-eGFP), 300 nm carboxyl modified Fe3O4 magnetic beads (Mag COOH-deGFP), and 4T1 cell (4T1-mGFP). Three eGFP carriers were incubated with 293T-synNotch, the activation efficiencies of these three eGFP carriers were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy.

Results

The 293T-synNotch cell activated by Mag Ni-eGFP shows no observable red fluorescence; when Mag COOH-deGFP are incubated with 293T-synNotch, about 50‰ cells with red fluorescence appeared, also eGFP proteins have not dropped off from the Mag COOH-deGFP beads; 4T1-mGFP cells show the highest activation efficiency, about 21% synNotch cells are activated, when 4T1-mGFP and 293T-synNotch are incubated at high cell density.

Conclusion

The 4T1-mGFP cells are the most effective ligands for synNotch receptor activation.
Effect of Soil Moisture and Granulometry on Soil Conditioning for EPB-TBM Tunneling: Case Study
Authors: Baghali Hamed , Chakeri Hamid , Sharghi Mohammad , Dias Daniel
Published: July 2020

Earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines are commonly used to excavate tunnels in soft soils. These types of machines use conditioning agents that permit changing the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of the soil and help to form a plastic paste. Conditioning is therefore the key point to explain the increasing number of applications of this technology in many different types of soils. The aim of this study is to investigate soil parameters (foam injection ratio (FIR), foam expansion ratio (FER), soil moisture content, and the percentage of fine-grained soil) to reach an optimum slump test in the range between 15 and 20 cm. In general, it was found that by increasing the soil moisture content, the FIR decreased to achieve the optimum slump, and also by increasing the percentage of fine-grained at a constant moisture content, the FIR increased to reach the optimal slump. This study has also permitted a comparison with field data from the Tabriz urban railway line 2 project.
COMPARATIVO ENTRE LÂMPADAS FLUORESCENTES E LÂMPADAS DE LED SOB A VISÃO DO SUPERDIMENSIONAMENTO EM SUA SUBSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Reis Pinto Tárcis , Motta Azevedo Júnior Geraldo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo aborda como o avanço da tecnologia e incentivos para a redução deconsumo de energia elétrica são questões que têm crescido no mercado nacional e internacional. Atualmente as lâmpadas fluorescentes convencionais têm sido substituídas por lâmpadas de LED visando à redução de consumo de energia elétrica apresentando uma melhor eficiência. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre asduas tecnologias de modo a demonstrar a eficiência luminosa entre as tecnologias paraque durante o processo de retrofit não ocorra superdimensionamento no quesito deluminosidade necessária para o ambiente em relação às normas vigentes quedeterminam os valores de luminosidade para o desenvolvimento de atividades.O trabalho foi realizado com o auxílio de um software de cálculos luminotécnicoschamado DIALux, em que é possível utilizar dados fornecidos diretamente dediferentes fabricantes de lâmpadas e luminárias. O estudo apresenta resultados paradiferentes ambientes onde foi possível demonstrar a superioridade das lâmpadas deLED em comparação com as lâmpadas fluorescentes convencionais, representandoassim a possível redução dos quantitativos permanecendo com a eficiêncialuminosa de acordo com as normas vigentes. O estudo conclui que de acordocom as atividades realizadas torna-se viável a redução do quantitativo de lâmpadas ou luminárias, permitindo assim a redução de potência instalada e, consequentemente, o consumo de energia elétrica, com a vantagem adicional da redução de manutenção nos sistemas de iluminação.
Whole-Body Imaging of Neural and Muscle Activity during Behavior inHydra vulgaris: Effect of Osmolarity on Contraction Bursts
Authors: Yamamoto Wataru , Yuste Rafael
Published: July 2020

The neural code relates the activity of the nervous system to the activity of the muscles to the generation of behavior. To decipher it, it would be ideal to comprehensively measure the activity of the entire nervous system and musculature in a behaving animal. As a step in this direction, we used the cnidarianHydra vulgaristo explore how physiological and environmental conditions alter simple contractile behavior and its accompanying neural and muscle activity. We used whole-body calcium imaging of neurons and muscle cells and studied the effect of temperature, media osmolarity, nutritional state, and body size on contractile behavior. In mountedHydrapreparations, changes in temperature, nutrition state, or body size did not have a major effect on neural or muscle activity, or on contractile behavior. But changes in media osmolarity systematically altered contractile behavior and foot detachments, increasing their frequency in hypo-osmolar media solutions and decreasing it in hyperosmolar media. Similar effects were seen in ectodermal, but not in endodermal muscle. Osmolarity also bidirectionally changed the activity of contraction burst (CB) neurons, but did not affect the network of rhythmic potential (RP) neurons in the ectoderm. These findings show osmolarity-dependent changes in the activity of CB neurons and ectodermal muscle, consistent with the hypothesis that CB neurons respond to media hypo-osmolarity, activating ectodermal muscle to generate CBs. This dedicated reflex could serve as an excretory system to prevent osmotic injury. This work demonstrates the feasibility of studying an entire neuronal and muscle activity in a behaving animal.
Critical appraisal of MGMT in digestive NET treated with alkylating agents
Authors: de Mestier Louis , Couvelard Anne , Blazevic Anela , Hentic Olivia , de Herder Wouter W , Rebours Vinciane , Paradis Valérie , Ruszniewski Philippe , Hofland Leo J , Cros Jérôme
Published: July 2020

The efficacy of alkylating agents (temozolomide, dacarbazine, streptozotocin) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has been well documented, especially in pancreatic NETs. Alkylating agents transfer methyl adducts on DNA bases. Among them, O6-methylguanine accounts for many of their cytotoxic effects and can be repaired by the O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT). However, whether the tumor MGMT status could be a reliable biomarker of efficacy of alkylating agents in NETs is still a matter of debate. Herein, we sought to provide a critical appraisal of the role of the MGMT status in NETs. After reviewing the molecular mechanisms of repair of DNA damage induced by alkylating agents, we aimed to comprehensively review the methods of determination of the MGMT status and its impact on prognosis, prediction of objective response and progression-free survival in patients with advanced digestive NETs treated by alkylating agents. About half of pancreatic NETs are MGMT-deficient, as determined by impaired tumor MGMT expression or by MGMT promoter methylation. Overall, while published studies are heterogeneous and mostly limited in size, they advocate that MGMT deficiency may be a relevant biomarker for increased objective response rate, prolonged progression-fee survival and overall survival in patients with advanced NETs treated by alkylating agents. While these data require confirmation in prospective controlled studies, future research should focus on the standardization of MGMT status assessment. Additional mechanisms of repair of DNA damages induced by alkylating agents should be explored in order to identify biomarkers complementary to MGMT and targets for potential antitumor synergy, such as PARP.
Reference Genome for the Highly TransformableSetaria viridisME034V
Authors: Thielen Peter M , Pendleton Amanda L , Player Robert A , Bowden Kenneth V , Lawton Thomas J , Wisecaver Jennifer H
Published: July 2020

Setaria viridis (green foxtail) is an important model system for improving cereal crops due to its diploid genome, ease of cultivation, and use of C4 photosynthesis. The S. viridis accession ME034V is exceptionally transformable, but the lack of a sequenced genome for this accession has limited its utility. We present a 397 Mb highly contiguous de novo assembly of ME034V using ultra-long nanopore sequencing technology (read N50 = 41kb). We estimate that this genome is largely complete based on our updated k-mer based genome size estimate of 401 Mb for S. viridis. Genome annotation identified 37,908 protein-coding genes and >300k repetitive elements comprising 46% of the genome. We compared the ME034V assembly with two other previously sequenced Setaria genomes as well as to a diversity panel of 235 S. viridis accessions. We found the genome assemblies to be largely syntenic, but numerous unique polymorphic structural variants were discovered. Several ME034V deletions may be associated with recent retrotransposition of copia and gypsy LTR repeat families, as evidenced by their low genotype frequencies in the sampled population. Lastly, we performed a phylogenomic analysis to identify gene families that have expanded in Setaria, including those involved in specialized metabolism and plant defense response. The high continuity of the ME034V genome assembly validates the utility of ultra-long DNA sequencing to improve genetic resources for emerging model organisms. Structural variation present in Setaria illustrates the importance of obtaining the proper genome reference for genetic experiments. Thus, we anticipate that the ME034V genome will be of significant utility for the Setaria research community.
Identificación molecular morfológica de las especies de Fusarium spp., asociadas al cultivo de pimienta negra (Piper nigrum) en Sarapiquí y Guatuso en Costa Rica
Authors: Chinchilla Salazar Gabriela , Blanco Meneses Mónica , Castro Zúñiga Óscar
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La pimienta es una especie de la familia de la Piperaceae, originaria de la Costa de Malabar, situada en Kerala al sur de la India. En Costa Rica, las principales plantaciones de pimienta se localizan desde Upala hasta Talamanca, e incluye toda la franja costera y la parte baja de Sarapiquí. Según estudios de factibilidad, el país cuenta con el potencial para producir pimienta con altos parámetros de calidad. Sin embargo, las enfermedades vasculares son una de las principales limitantes del cultivo.Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el aislamiento e identificación molecular y morfológica de las especies de Fusarium asociadas al cultivo de la pimienta (Piper nigrum L.) en2 de las principales zonas productoras del país. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron treinta muestras de plantas enfermas de distintas fincas en las zonas de Sarapiquí y Guatuso, se describieron detalladamente los síntomas observados en el sistema radical y/o la base del tallo para  cada una de las plantas recolectadas. Los veintiún aislamientos de Fusarium spp. obtenidos se identificaron molecularmente con la secuenciaparcial del gen Factor de Elongación 1α (EF-1α)y para la identificación morfológica se utilizaron los medios de cultivo PDA y Carnation Leaf-piece Agar (CLA). Resultados y conclusiones. Se confirmó la presencia de Fusarium oxysporum en las muestras provenientes de Sarapiquí, así como la presencia de Fusarium solani en ambas zonas muestreadas. Se reporta por primera vez, la presencia de las especies Fusarium concentricum y Fusarium proliferatum asociadas a la marchitez vascular.
Correlaciones genéticas en arveja (Pisum sativum L.) ti´po afila
Authors: Riascos Delgado Marcela Elizabeth , Checa Coral Oscar Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La arveja es un cultivorentable en el departamento de Nariño el cualrepresenta el 43% de la producción de arveja en
Colombia involucrando alrededor de 8000 personas agricultoras dedicadas a su producción en
vaina verde. Los agricultores utilizan variedadescon altos costos de producción, lo que requierebuscar una mejor rentabilidad del cultivo. Elgrupo de investigación en Cultivos Andinos de
la Universidad de Nariño obtuvo 21 líneas avanzadas de arveja con gen afila (af). Estas líneas
presentan características fenotípicas apropiadas
para mejorar la eficiencia de los actuales sistemas de tutorado. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos directos e indirectos que están presentes en
las correlaciones genéticas entre el rendimientoy sus componentes, para aportar a la selecciónpor rendimiento en genotipos de arveja con gen
afila. Materiales y métodos. Las 21 líneas fueron evaluadas en un diseño de bloques al azar
con arreglo en parcelas divididas, la parcelaprincipal fueron las densidades y la subparcelalos genotipos. Los resultados se sometierona análisis de varianza y se determinaron las 
correlaciones genéticas entre los componentes derendimiento. Para establecer los efectos directose indirectos de los diferentes componentes sobre
el rendimiento, se efectuó un análisis de Sendero. Resultados. El 73% de las correlaciones
genéticas entre los componentes de rendimientofueron significativas. Peso de cien granos verdes(PCGV) y número de vainas por planta (NVP)correspondieron a las variables con mayor efecto
directo. Conclusión. El análisis de correlaciones genéticas indicó que es posible seleccionar
genotipos con mayor peso de vaina a partir de lalongitud de sus vainas. Los efectos directos NVPY PCGV fueron los de mayor aporte y confirmansu utilidad en la selección por rendimiento.
Análisis comparativo de precios y costos de producción de hortalizas cultivadas de manera orgánica y convencional
Authors: Arce Quesada Silvia Elena
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La presente investigaciónes el primer esfuerzo identificado en Costa Rica,
que concreta una comparación de costos de producción entre hortalizas orgánicas y convencionales. El proyecto permitió visibilizar los precios
de venta, costos unitarios y márgenes de ganancia de los productos seleccionados y los comparó
entre ambos esquemas de producción. Objetivo.Esclarecer las causas asignables a la diferenciaen precios de venta y costos de producción entre
6 hortalizas orgánicas y su homólogo convencional. Materiales y métodos. Se formuló un cues-tionario para consultar a 2 grupos de productores,
uno conformado por 10 productores de hortalizas orgánicas y otro por 10 productores dedicados a la producción convencional. Se formularon
19 preguntas cerradas sobre costos de inversión, costos de producción, ingresos, relación
costo-beneficio. Las hortalizas seleccionadasfueron culantro (Coriandrum sativum), lechuga(Lactuca sativa), papa (Solanum tuberosum),
zanahoria (Daucus carota), apio (Apium graveolens) y brócoli (Brassica oleracea). Los datos 
registrados fueron agrupados por costos de producción y precio de venta en ferias del agricultor.
Resultados. El precio de venta de los productos
orgánicos por unidad comercializada fue superior al de prácticas convencionales en todos los
casos. Se logró determinar que la diferenciaporcentual en precios para zanahoria fue de28,57%, apio 40%, 25% para culantro, 53,33%para papa, 33,33% para lechuga y 66,67% parabroccoli. Además, se evidenció que los productosconvencionales presentaron mayor costo total de
producción con respecto a los productos orgánicos, esto es un 41,70% superior para zanahoria,
65,18% para apio, 29,03% para culantro, 34,78%para papa, 16,65% para lechuga y 44,91% para
brócoli. Conclusiones. Las actividades con prác-ticas convencionales expusieron costos superiores, debido a la demanda y compra de insumos
externos y a la utilización de métodos de tránsito
y rodaje de maquinaria, mientras que la producción orgánica propone baja dependencia de compra de insumos externos, ya que los requeridos
son generados fundamentalmente en la propiafinca y los productores llevan a cabo prácticasque promueven la salud del agroecosistema, labiodiversidad y los ciclos biológicos.