bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Experiences, Patterns, and Practices of American Indian Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Ethnonursing Study
Authors: Carron Rebecca , Kooienga Sarah , Gilman-Kehrer Esther , Alvero Ruben
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Knowledge is needed about the cultural experiences, patterns, and practices of American Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), so nurses can provide culturally congruent care. Method: A qualitative, ethnonursing study based on Leininger’s theory of culture care diversity and universality. Data were collected from 13 key informants living on a reservation in the Western United States. Data were analyzed with Leininger’s four phases of qualitative analysis. Results: Three universal themes were identified: (1) control of PCOS symptoms is important for the cultural well-being of tribal women, (2) culturally congruent PCOS education and health care are important with variations in approaches to treatment, and (3) tribal culture is important with variations in use of tribal practices. Discussion: Tribal culture affects the health care beliefs and practices of American Indian women with PCOS. The findings can be used to improve culturally congruent care for women with this chronic condition.
Seclusion and Restraint of Students With Disabilities: A 1-Year Legal Review
Authors: Prince Angela M.T. , Gothberg June
Published: June 2019

News of teenager’s death in California shocked the special education community in early December 2018. Despite the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act’s provision for positive behavior supports for students with disabilities, these inidividuals continue to be secluded and restrained at disproportionately higher rates than their nondisabled peers. Using the Special Ed Connection® database, the authors identified 11 court cases from 2018 and analyzed their contents based on individualized education program (IEP) behavior components, type of restraints used, and prevalence of seclusion. Within these cases, all 12 included students were boys, four IEPs included behavior components, nine students were physically or mechanically restrained, and two were secluded. A review of the four cases that included the use of positive behavior supports is included.
Experiences of a Recovery-Oriented Caring Approach to Suicidal Behavior: A Single-Case Study
Authors: Sellin Linda , Kumlin Tomas , Wallsten Tuula , Wiklund Gustin Lena
Published: June 2019

Research considering the basis for mental health nurses wanting to enable recovery among people who suffer from suicidal behavior is sparse. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate how a new recovery-oriented caring approach (ROCA) was experienced by a suicidal patient in a context of close relatives and nurses. A single-case study with a qual-quan mixed-method design was chosen. Participants were recruited from a psychiatric clinic in Sweden and consisted of one patient, one close relative to the patient, and three nurses. The results reveal that the ROCA enabled the patient to narrate, bear experiences of hopelessness, and ask for support, rather than view suicide as the only possible solution. ROCA has the potential to support patients, relatives, and nurses to develop a common language, considering the patient’s life situation and struggles and to use this as a source for the patient’s individual care planning.
Struggling With Reciprocity and Compassion: Mentoring Pregnant and Parenting Mothers Experiencing Vulnerability
Authors: Ginn Carla , Benzies Karen M.
Published: June 2019

Transitioning from pregnancy to parenthood is particularly challenging for women living with low income and experiencing social isolation, mental illness, addiction, and/or family violence. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate one component of Welcome to Parenthood, a two-generation multiple intervention program including neuroscience-based parenting education, kin and non-kin mentorship, and an engagement tool (baby kit). From late pregnancy to 2 months postpartum, mentors kept a journal regarding their experiences of mentoring mothers experiencing vulnerability. We engaged in a modified constructivist grounded theory to explore hand-written text from the journals. The core category, Struggling with Reciprocity and Compassion, influenced processes of Becoming a Mentor. Mentoring mothers experiencing vulnerability was both challenging and rewarding, requiring an inordinate amount of physical, social, emotional, and economic resources. To foster maternal mental health and infant development, pregnant and parenting women experiencing vulnerability could benefit from long-term reciprocal and compassionate mentoring.
The Effect of News Peril-type on Social Inclinations: A Social Group Comparison
Authors: Riles Julius Matthew , Behm-Morawitz Elizabeth , Shin Haejung , Funk Michelle
Published: June 2019

One of the most potent ways to communicate stigma is associating a group with peril. In this study, we examine how different forms of peril representations influence specific patterns of interpersonal inclinations. We explore how key social perceptions of group warmth and competence may serve as explanatory mediating mechanisms. Although African Americans and Arab-Muslims similarly share close mediated associations with threat, an empirical examination of how interaction intentions toward both groups differ under congruent conditions is warranted. Results demonstrate support for expectations pertaining to Arab-Muslims, though not African Americans, revealing the complicated nature of threat-influenced antipathy toward these groups.
A commented translation of Hans Richter’s early work “The isotropic law of elasticity”
Authors: Graban Kai , Schweickert Eva , Martin Robert J. , Neff Patrizio
Published: June 2019

We provide a faithful translation of Hans Richter’s important 1948 paper “Das isotrope Elastizitätsgesetz” from its original German version into English. Our introduction summarizes Richter’s achievements.
Creep deformation and stress analysis in a transversely material disk subjected to rigid shaft
Authors: Thakur Pankaj , Sethi Monika
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present a study of creep deformation and stress analysis in a transversely material disk subjected to the rigid shaft by using Seth’s transition theory. It has been observed that radial stress has the maximum value at the inner surface of the rotating disk made of isotropic material as compared to the hoop stress and this value of radial stress further increases with the increase in the value of angular speed. Strain rates have maximum values at the inner surface for the disk made of transversely material.
The Views of Health Care Professionals and Laypersons Concerning the Relevance of Health-Related Behaviors in Prioritizing Patients
Authors: Pinho Micaela , Pinto Borges Ana
Published: June 2019

This article aims to investigate to what extent health care professionals in Portugal find health-related behaviors relevant as a criterion to priority setting, to study what type of risk behavior they consider relevant in such decisions and to compare their views with those of laypersons. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 178 health care professionals and 295 laypersons. The statistical analysis was performed through the application of generalized linear models and logistic regressions. Health professionals consider more than laypersons that information about health-related behaviors is relevant in prioritization between individuals. Both groups regard information about illegal drug abuse, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking more important to priority setting decisions than information about overweight or lack of physical exercise. The findings are important for the definition of rationing policies as the professionals’ decisions are those that, ultimately, influence health expenditure.
Systemic activation of the complement system in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Lynch Anne M , Mandava Naresh , Patnaik Jennifer L , Frazer-Abel Ashley A , Wagner Brandie D , Palestine Alan G , Mathias Marc T , Siringo Frank S , Cathcart Jennifer N , Holers V Michael
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To examine the role of systemic activation of the complement system (assessed by levels of circulating C3a, Ba, and sC5b-9) in patients (n = 122) with advanced age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, compared with cataract controls (n = 27).

Methods:

Plasma complement factors were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression (p < 0.05).

Results:

Adjusted for age, the odds ratios of C3a and sC5b-9 for any advanced age-related macular degeneration were 1.78 (95% confidence interval = 1.16–2.73, p < 0.01) and 1.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.39, p = 0.01), respectively. We found a significantly elevated adjusted odds ratio of C3a (adjusted odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–2.60, p = 0.01) and sC5b-9 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.43, p = 0.01) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Adjusted for age, neither C3a, sC5b-9, nor Ba were associated with geographic atrophy.

Conclusion:

We suggest a role for elevated plasma levels of C3a and sC5b-9 in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The study’s results reinforce the need for more investigation to assess the impact of therapeutic interventions targeted at the complement signaling pathways in age-related macular degeneration.
Dynamic variation of the axillary veins due to intrathoracic pressure changes: A prospective sonographic study
Authors: Tufegdzic Boris , Khozenko Andrey , Lee St John Terrence , Spencer Timothy R , Lamperti Massimo
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

The ultrasound-guided axillary vein is becoming a compulsory alternative vessel for central venous catheterization and the anatomical position offers several potential advantages over blind, subclavian vein techniques.

Objective:

To determine the degree of dynamic variation of the axillary vein size measured by ultrasound prior to the induction of general anesthesia and after starting controlled mechanical ventilation.

Design:

Prospective, observational study.

Methods:

One hundred ten patients undergoing elective surgery were enrolled and classified according to sex, age, and body mass index. Two-dimensional cross-sectional vein diameter, area, and mean flow velocity were performed using ultrasound on both the left and right axillary veins of each subject before and after induction of anesthesia.

Results:

There was statistically significant evidence showing that the axillary vein area increases when patients are mechanically ventilated. When considering venous flow velocity as a primary outcome, velocity decreased after patients moved from spontaneous to mechanical ventilation (coefficient = −0.267), but this relationship failed to achieve statistical significance ( t = –1.355, p = 0.179).

Conclusions:

Anatomical variations in depth and diameter as well as the collapsibility due to intrathoracic pressures changes represent common challenges that face clinicians during central venous catheterization of the axillary vein. A noteworthy increase in vessel size as patients transition from spontaneous to mechanical ventilation may theoretically improve first-pass cannulation success with practitioners skilled in both ultrasound and procedure. As a result, placing a centrally inserted central catheter after the induction of anesthesia may be beneficial.
“We are not privileged enough to have that foundation of language”: Pasifika young adults share their deep concerns about the decline of their ancestral/heritage languages in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Samu Lina-Jodi Vaine , Moewaka Barnes Helen , Asiasiga Lanuola , McCreanor Tim
Published: June 2019

Focus group interviews conducted with Aotearoa New Zealand–born Pasifika young adults aged 18–25 years highlighted their intense apprehension about the diminishing abilities of New Zealand–born Pasifika people to speak their ancestral/heritage Pasifika languages in Aotearoa. Some Pasifika languages are also declining at their homeland wellsprings. There has been no comprehensive strategic national language policy developed in New Zealand where Pasifika heritage and other community languages can flourish. New Zealand appears to default to a monocultural given where English prevails without critique. Minority languages are battling it out with each other for legitimacy of existence. Resulting from New Zealand’s failure to create a comprehensive languages strategy for all, younger generations of Pasifika neither have fluency in their ancestral languages which impact negatively on their identity security and their ability to attain critical fluency in English to thrive as their migrant parents and grandparents envisioned they would in Aotearoa New Zealand.
What does Ainu cultural revitalisation mean to Ainu and Wajin youth in the 21st century? Case study of Urespa as a place to learn Ainu culture in the city of Sapporo, Japan
Authors: Uzawa Kanako
Published: June 2019

This article illustrates living experiences of Ainu cultural practices by the students of Urespa. Urespa is a self-motivated, non-profit social initiative or association founded in 2010 by Professor Honda Yuko at Sapporo University with the aim of bringing Ainu and Wajin students together in a curriculum-based environment to co-learn the Ainu language and Ainu cultural practices. In the Ainu language, urespa means “growing together”. The article draws on the author’s fieldwork with Urespa in Sapporo, Hokkaido, in 2016 in focusing on a new way of practising Ainu culture in an urban setting in the 21st century. The article, therefore, focuses on Ainu cultural revitalisation, everyday cultural practices, and on how it plays out within Urespa in a context of decolonisation and self-determination in Japan.
Colchicine-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Clinical, Biochemical, and Neurophysiological Features and Review of the Literature
Authors: Fernández-Cuadros Marcos Edgar , Goizueta-San-Martin Gabriela , Varas-de-Dios Blanca , Casique-Bocanegra Luz Otilia , Manrique-de-Lara-Cadiñanos Pablo , Albaladejo-Florin María Jesus , Algarra-López Ruben , Pérez-Moro Olga Susana
Published: June 2019

We report the case of a 46-years-old man with long-term asymptomatic hyperuricemia who started taking colchicine (0.5 mg/day) and allopurinol (100 mg/d) for normalization of biochemical values. After the third week of starting treatment, acute weakness was present; and by the fifth week, profound weakness in lower extremities and tenderness and cramps on thighs and calves with inability to climb stairs were also observed. Biochemical evaluation showed elevated muscle enzymes (creatinine kinase [CK] raised to five-folds its normal value) and electromyographic features were consistent with myopathy (at rest, fibrillations, positive sharp waves, high-frequency myotonic discharges; motor unit action potentials [MUAPs] of small amplitude, small duration, increased polyphasic Index and occasional satellite potentials; at maximal effort, interferential recruitment pattern with reduced amplitudes were observed). Normal motor and sensitive nerve conduction studies and normal late F-responses and H-reflex discarded neuropathy. Rapid improvement in muscle strength and prompt resolution of abnormal elevated muscle enzymes was observed after withdrawal of both medications. Colchicine is associated with some cases of myotoxicity but very small cases of colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis are reported on the literature. Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis is related to the concomitant use of drugs (statins, steroids, erythromycin, and cyclosporine), renal, and/or hepatic impairment. To the best of our knowledge, this is an uncommon presentation of a case of colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis reported in a patient without renal or hepatic dysfunction. Therefore, patients receiving colchicine even in the absence of renal insufficiency should be monitored for the development of myopathy and more rarely to rhabdomyolysis.
Nutcracker Syndrome Accompanying With Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Al-Zoubi Nabil A
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

The duodenum and the left renal vein (LRV) occupy the vascular angle made by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. When the angle becomes too acute, compression of either structure can occur. Although superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) and renal Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) share the same pathogenesis, concurrent development has rarely been reported.

Case report:

A 38-year-old female patient with a past history of gastrojejunostomy operated 6 years ago due to SMAS. She referred to vascular clinic with sever intermittent left-sided loin pain during the last 6 years. Computed tomography (CT)-angiogram and selective LRV angiogram with pressure gradient confirmed the diagnosis of NCS. She was treated by LRV transposition with uneventful recovery and considerable relief of symptoms.

Conclusions:

NCS accompanying with SMAS is quite unusual. A patient, who first presents with clinical evidence of SMAS, could also simultaneously or sometime thereafter present with NCS and vice versa.
Considering Matthew Shepard: normative and anti-normative queer spatial narratives and the politics of performance in choral music
Authors: Cockayne Daniel
Published: June 2019

I present a cultural geographical analysis of the recent choral composition Considering Matthew Shepard. I explore the cultural, musical, and emotional geographies of this piece of music, in terms of its content and my experience of rehearsing and then performing the piece as a member of the choir. Drawing on cultural geography, musical geography, and queer theory, I argue that the memorializing of Matthew Shepard’s killing through this musical setting both repeats and challenges the normative popular and academic framings of Shepard’s murder and, more generally, queer critiques of the memorialization and historicization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer pasts. I explore this by examining three spatial themes in Considering Matthew Shepard: its representations of (1) Wyoming, (2) the fence (where Shepard was left by his assailants), and (3) universality. I also point to what musical geographies might gain in looking more closely at choral music performance.
Refuting Mental Health Misconceptions: A Quasi-Experiment with Abnormal Psychology Courses
Authors: LaCaille Rick A. , LaCaille Lara J. , Damsgard Erika , Maslowski Amy K.
Published: June 2019

Misconceptions about psychological phenomena are prevalent among students completing college-level psychology courses. Although these myths are often difficult to eliminate, efforts incorporating a refutational focus have demonstrated some initial promise in dispelling these beliefs. In the current quasi-experimental study, four sections of an online undergraduate Abnormal Psychology course ( n = 113 total students) were randomly assigned to receive either a myth-debunking poster assignment or class as usual. Students in the myth-debunking sections were assigned one of five mental health-focused myths and corresponding refutational readings to guide their development of posters aimed at informing their classmates about the misconception, disputing the misconception, and citing relevant evidence as support. Beliefs about common misconceptions (five directly addressed in the assignment and five filler myths) were measured at the beginning and end of the semester. Results indicated that students in the myth-debunking condition were significantly ( p < .001, d = 1.09) more likely to know the truth, at the conclusion of the course, compared to the control group. Overall, the myth-debunking intervention appears to have been effective at reducing students’ misconceptions about popular psychological myths, perhaps even some non-targeted psychological misconceptions.
IN.PACT SFA Clinical Study Using the IN.PACT Admiral Drug-Coated Balloon in a Chinese Patient Population
Authors: Chen Zhong , Guo Wei , Jiang Weiliang , Wang Feng , Fu Weiguo , Zou Yinghua , Deckers Stefanie , Li Pei , Popma Jeffrey J. , Jaff Michael R.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To confirm the safety and effectiveness of the IN.PACT Admiral drug-coated balloon (DCB) as a treatment for de novo and native artery restenotic lesions in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and/or proximal popliteal artery in Chinese subjects. Materials and Methods: IN.PACT SFA China ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02118532) was a single-arm, independently adjudicated, prospective, premarket study that enrolled 143 subjects (mean age 66.8±7.7 years; 107 men) at 15 centers. The predominant risk factors were hypertension (104, 72.7%) and diabetes mellitus (66, 46.2%). The majority of subjects were classified as Rutherford category 2 or 3 [69 (48.3%) and 55 (38.5%), respectively]; 19 (13.3%) subjects had critical limb ischemia (Rutherford category 4). The mean lesion length was 10.4±6.51 cm; more than half of the lesions (75, 52.4%) were chronic total occlusions. Calcification was found in 66 (46.2%) lesions. Outcomes at 12 months were compared with DCB safety and effectiveness performance goals derived from the literature. The 30-day primary safety outcome was a composite of freedom from device- and procedure-related mortality, major target limb amputation, and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). Results: The primary safety outcome was 99.3% at 30 days. Follow-up compliance at 12 months was 92.6%. Estimated 1-year primary patency using Kaplan-Meier analysis was 90.9% and freedom from CD-TLR was 97.1%. The rate of CD-TLR at 12 months was 2.9%. The Rutherford category status improved significantly (p<0.001) between baseline and 12 months. Conclusion: Results from IN.PACT SFA China demonstrated high rates of patency and low rates of CD-TLR in Chinese subjects through 12 months despite patient and lesion complexity. These data are consistent with the results of other IN.PACT DCB trials.
A Pretreatment CT Model Predicts Survival Following Chemolipiodolization in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Qu Shuping , Yi Wanwan , Zhai Jian , Zhang Xiaobing , Wei Lixin , Lau Wan Yee , Wu Mengchao , Shen Feng , Fan Hengwei , Wu Dong
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To establish a computed tomography–based prognostic model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization.

Materials and Methods:

Using prospectively collected data from 195 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent chemolipiodolization at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital between 2013 and 2016, we established a prognostic model based on hepatocellular carcinoma enhancement patterns on computed tomography scans to predict the outcome of transarterial chemoembolization. Furthermore, a histopathology analysis was performed on 108 different patients undergoing resection between 2014 and 2016 to identify whether there was a correlation between enhancement pattern and microvessel density.

Results:

The prognostic model classified hepatocellular carcinoma into 3 types: type I, which reached peak enhancement during the arterial phase and had a high mean microvessel density (101.5 vessels/0.74 mm2); type II, which reached peak enhancement during the portal venous or delayed phase and had an intermediate microvessel density (53.6 vessels/0.74 mm2); and type III, in which the tumor was insignificantly enhanced and had a low microvessel density (21.1 vessels/0.74 mm2). For type I, II, and III hepatocellular carcinoma, the post-transarterial chemoembolization 1-year tumor complete necrosis rates were 13.7%, 36.5%, and 0%, respectively ( P < .001), and the 3-year overall survival rates were 14.1%, 38.6%, and 0%, respectively ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that hepatocellular carcinoma type is an independent predictor of complete necrosis and overall survival
Design, assessment, and the causal imperative in complex operations and campaigns
Authors: Hickey Christopher J , Bradford Robert , Perez Celestino
Published: June 2019

Military planners and commanders participate in two activities, design and assessment, that are currently separate and distinct processes. Military design aims at environmental understanding and crafting well-justified interventions. Assessment requires the discernment of whether these interventions are working. However, the logical and practical connections between design and assessment are under-theorized. We argue that the exercise of military design and assessment must become indistinguishable in practice. Assessment must be a continuous action as commanders and staff officers understand the environment, craft an array of interventions, and determine if these interventions are working.
EBT3 Films in Low Solar Ultraviolet and X-Ray Dose Measurement: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Alsaee Saleh K. , Omar Ahmad Fairuz , Ahmed Naser M. , Alsadig Ahmed , Sulieman A. , Alzimami Khalid
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potentiality of Gafchromic external beam therapy 3 (EBT3) film to measure low dosage of solar ultraviolet (SUV; 0-10 600 mJ/cm2) and x-ray (0–750 mGy) radiation. In this experiment, 2 groups of EBT3 films were prepared with size 2 cm × 1 cm. The first group of films was exposed by incremental SUV dose in the middle of the day. The other group was irradiated by x-ray at 100 kVp, 100 mA, and 2 S of tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time, respectively. The measured SUV consists of 90% ultraviolet A (UVA) and 10% ultraviolet B. The film discoloration was represented by visible absorbance spectroscopy technique using Jaz spectrometer from Ocean Optics Inc. Simple linear regression produced high accuracy with coefficients of determination, r 2 of 0.9804 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 434.88 mJ/cm2 for the measurement of SUV dose. On the other hand, r 2 of 0.98 and RMSE of 31 mGy was produced for the measurement of x-ray dose. The application of multiple linear regression enhanced the measurement accuracy with R 2 of 99% and 99.7% and RMSE of 327.06 mJ/cm2 and 15.045 mGy for SUV and x-ray dose, respectively. The spectral analysis shows a promising measurement at selected wavelengths for SUV and x-ray dose.
Study on the fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative direct torque control strategy without flux linkage observation for brushless direct current motors
Authors: Peicheng Shi , Suo Wang , Rongyun Zhang , Ping Xiao
Published: June 2019

Considering the difficulty in setting and observing the flux linkage in the existing direct torque control for the brushless direct current motor, which is the cumbersome torque calculation method in direct torque control systems without flux linkage observation, the torque observation, voltage vector selection, and speed loop were studied further in such systems. The fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative direct torque control strategy is presented without flux linkage observation. In terms of torque observation, the cumbersome counter electromotive force calculation method was abandoned, and observation was made combining the three-phase current and Hall signal. In terms of optimal choice of voltage vector, the voltage vector selection table was built using the voltage hysteresis output and Hall signal. In terms of rotation speed control, the adaptive fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative was used to replace the traditional proportional–integral–derivative for the proportional–integral–derivative parameter self-adjustment. A control system simulation model was set up in MATLAB/Simulink for simulation verification. A hardware experimental platform was set up using DSP2812 as the main control board for experimental verification. The research results show that the fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative direct torque control without flux linkage observation further increased the dynamic response rate of the motor speed and reduced the electromagnetic torque ripple amplitude; thus, it is more suitable for application in high-precision and high-stability systems.
Pathophysiology and management of diabetic gastroenteropathy
Authors: Meldgaard Theresa , Keller Jutta , Olesen Anne Estrup , Olesen Søren Schou , Krogh Klaus , Borre Mette , Farmer Adam , Brock Birgitte , Brock Christina , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr
Published: June 2019

Polyneuropathy is a common complication to diabetes. Neuropathies within the enteric nervous system are associated with gastroenteropathy and marked symptoms that severely reduce quality of life. Symptoms are pleomorphic but include nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, dyspepsia, pain, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and faecal incontinence. The aims of this review are fourfold. First, to provide a summary of the pathophysiology underlying diabetic gastroenteropathy. Secondly to give an overview of the diagnostic methods. Thirdly, to provide clinicians with a focussed overview of current and future methods for pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment modalities. Pharmacological management is categorised according to symptoms arising from the upper or lower gut as well as sensory dysfunctions. Dietary management is central to improvement of symptoms and is discussed in detail, and neuromodulatory treatment modalities and other emerging management strategies for diabetic gastroenteropathy are discussed. Finally, we propose a diagnostic/investigation algorithm that can be used to support multidisciplinary management.
Children's Services: A Vision for the Future
Authors: Fraser Denise
Published: June 2019

How do we change community perceptions and promote the importance of the early childhood years? Advocacy by the early childhood sector would appear to be a good starting point, but how well equipped are members of the profession to take on this role? This paper explores these questions by analysing the direction of policy decisions in relation to children's services and comparing them with overseas directions. It further reports the findings of a study of key stakeholders in the children's services sector and their perceptions of who are the main influencers of children's services policy. The findings point to the limited nature of advocacy leadership amongst those involved in the children's services sector in New South Wales. Discussion of the findings focuses on developing strategies to inform and support early childhood professionals to help them to advocate on behalf of children and to build the profile of children within the community.
A Postmodernist Approach to Culturally Grounded Training in Early Childhood Care and Development
Authors: Ball Jessica , Pence Alan
Published: June 2019

This article describes a unique approach to involving cultural communities in elaborating curricula for training early childhood educators. This ‘Generative Curriculum Model (GCM) has been demonstrated in partnership programs between the authors and seven Canadian aboriginal communities. Indigenous experiences and culturally-valued knowledge are articulated by tribal Elders and considered alongside mainstream research and theory about child development and care. Ongoing evaluation research has documented the success of this model in facilitating completion of post-secondary training and career development among aboriginal students. The training resonates with the students’ own culture, and community members are involved throughout the training in dialogue and planned actions for delivering services for children and their families based on their own cultural constructions of childhood and effective care. The process and impacts of this training model in seven aboriginal communities in Canada are discussed in postmodernist terms. The legitimacy and potential utility of indigenous knowledge are acknowledged and multiple perspectives are brought to bear in elaborating effective praxis in community-driven early childhood care and education.
Changing Images of Mother/Mothering
Authors: Keary Anne
Published: June 2019

This paper examines how representations of the mother and mothering practices have altered between a generation of mothers and daughters. It also discusses the varied configurations of mother/mothering which occur at different times in women's lives, in other racial and ethnic situations, and which have been opened up by medical science through reproductive technology. Taking a broad definition of mothering, the paper points to the hierarchical divisions that have been created between women who pay, and are being paid, for the care and education of children in their early years. It argues that the difficult and complex task for early childhood education and care is to keep pace and to grapple with the ever-changing circumstances of those who nurture and care for the young.
Reconceptualising the Role of Parents in Observation
Authors: Smith Kylie
Published: June 2019

This article will explore the current role of parents in observation within early childhood settings and the relationships between parents and professionals. The article argues that the role of parents in observation needs to be reconceptualised, but in doing so the theoretical framework of early childhood observation must be challenged to open up multiple views of the child.
‘But Three-Year-Olds Can't…’ Glass Ceilings in Early Childhood—Implications for Gifted Children
Authors: Harrison Cathie
Published: June 2019

Although a diverse group, young children who are gifted frequently demonstrate developmental precocity and particular learning styles which may differentiate them from same-aged peers. The strong developmental focus and strict adherence to developmental norms within many early childhood programs can result in exclusion for some young gifted children. When development is interpreted within strict age parameters, the behaviour and development of the young gifted child may be misinterpreted by early childhood educators. Analysis of the drawings of young gifted children provides a useful means of illustrating the differences in the nature and rate of development for such children and a basis for considering the implications of educational experiences mismatched to individual development.
Literacy Contexts in Family Day Care
Authors: Ingram Helen Boyd
Published: June 2019

Literacy within the family day care home is a topic seldom addressed. Care providers are daily involving themselves and the children in literate events, yet are they aware of the vital contribution to be made in these early childhood years? This study is based on the notion that literacy is conceptualised as a socially constructed phenomenon. Therefore the contextual conditions that are provided are paramount in the formation of literate individuals. A curriculum, or set course of study for literacy and literacy learning, has been instigated within a family day home, involving seven children, their parents, and a care provider. The program has been designed by the care provider with encouragement and resource assistance from myself as coordinator. These differing roles have raised a new dimension in the planning of the curriculum in that ultimately the ownership and expertise needs to come directly from the participants.
Evaluating Early Intervention Programs: One Model's Process and Products
Authors: Fallon Moira A.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to present one model's approach to program evaluation of early intervention programs. The model presented requires implementation by a trained program evaluator and utilises clear and simple data collection methods. The model is based on measures of parental and staff satisfaction resulting in qualitative and quantitative information. Such flexible and accurate measures are necessary for stakeholders to use in making practical policy decisions for program improvement.
Policies and Practices that Create Multicultural Contexts in Child Care
Authors: Prasad Rekha , Ebbeck Marjory
Published: June 2019

This paper reports on a research study that examined service providers perspectives of multicultural child care and sought to develop a model that could be used to increase the participation of families from non-English speaking backgrounds in children's services. Only 5.92 per cent of children in child care in South Australia in 1996 were from non-English speaking backgrounds, and questions have been raised about the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the service. This study sought to identify some policies and practices that create multicultural contexts in child care. Reported here are service providers’ opinions about how to make child care services more inclusive of the additional needs of children from non-English speaking backgrounds. Service providers recommended strategies based on categories of funding, policies, staff, environment, multicultural programs, staff interactions, nutrition, health and safety matters, and supportive relationships between services and communities. Finally the paper addresses implications of the study for multicultural child care practice.
A Developmentally Appropriate Test of Kinder/School Readiness
Authors: Clift Susan , Stagnitti Karen , DeMello Lesley
Published: June 2019

This study compared the accuracy of the Test of Pretend Play, or ToPP (Lewis & Boucher, 1997) as a screening test for kinder/school ‘readiness’ with a traditional screening test, the FirstSTEP (Miller, 1993). The ToPP and FirstSTEP (cognitive and language sub-tests) were administered to 58 preschoolers (aged 42–67 months) who were recruited from regional kindergartens in Victoria. A classificational analysis of the results found that the ToPP was a relatively ‘sensitive’ screening device for developmental problems, detecting 80 per cent of those children who had been identified by their teachers as having such problems. This result compared favourably with the FirstSTEP, and suggests that preschoolers pretend play, as assessed by the ToPP, may provide a useful alternative to traditional screening tests for kinder/school ‘readiness’.
Delayed Children's Social Interactions Focus for Intervention
Authors: Brown Lorraine J. , Crossley Stella A.
Published: June 2019

Developmentally delayed (DD) children have been found to differ from non-delayed (ND) children in the nature of their social interactions. This interaction deficit in DD children appears to be beyond that expected on the basis of assessed cognitive levels and requires further investigation. The current study utilised the ethological method to observe and record the pattern of social interactions in DD and ND preschoolers. The results confirmed previous findings of a peer interaction deficit in DD children. However, contrary to previous research, the DD children were not found to initiate more interactions with teachers than did the ND children. Teachers were observed to initiate a higher frequency of interactions with the DD children, relative to the ND children. This increased teacher direction of DD children is discussed along with other factors that may possibly contribute to DD children's peer interaction deficit. Areas requiring intervention and potential intervention strategies are highlighted.
Best Practice in Diagnosis and Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Research and Guidelines
Authors: Hazell P. , Talay-Ongan A. , Hutchins P. , Foreman P. , Keatinge D. , Dunne A. , Bannerman N. , Sly K.
Published: June 2019

In 1999, Australian Early Intervention Network (AusEinet) identified a need to develop published guidelines for early intervention for young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and commissioned a panel for the task. The multidisciplinary panel was chaired by Professor Philip Hazell and comprised members 1 who represented child psychiatry, developmental paediatrics, early childhood development, early childhood special education, early childhood nursing, child and youth mental health, and consumers (parents/carers).

This report summarises the guidelines developed by this panel, which are expected to serve to inform professionals, including early childhood practitioners, about current evidence for the safety and efficacy of early intervention in ADHD. Early intervention was defined as interventions targeting infants, toddlers, preschool, and kindergarten aged children who were diagnosed as having, or were at risk of developing, ADHD.
Transient Times and Nurturing the Pride of the Profession
Authors: Waniganayake Manjula
Published: June 2019

Production of a scholarly journal is a characteristic of a profession. The Australian Journal of Early Childhood (AJEC) and its predecessor, the Australian Pre-School Quarterly (APQ) share a remarkable tradition of scholarship in education. Based on the minutes of the AJEC editorial committee's meetings and the contents of the journals, this paper reflects on the important place occupied by APQ and AJEC within the early childhood profession.
A Review of Political Coverage and Multiculturalism in the Journal from 1960 to 1999
Authors: Gibson Helen
Published: June 2019

This overview of 40 years of political coverage and multiculturalism provides a brief summary of the content and themes of approximately 60 articles. There is a genuine sense of improvement and a widening of views in most instances, particularly with regard to preschool education for Aboriginal children. There is also a sense of some opportunities lost and an implicit realisation that quality children's services are achieved by vigilance and effort and held tenuously.
Silences, Sex-roles and Subjectivities 40 Years of Gender in the Australian Journal of Early Childhood
Authors: MacNaughton Glenda
Published: June 2019

This article explores the gender themes and issues that have concerned contributors to Australian Pre-School Quarterly (APQ) and the Australian Journal of Early Childhood (AJEC) in the past 40 years. It details those themes and issues and links them to changing views of how gender is learned and practised, and to differing traditions within feminism and changing theoretical fames for making sense of gender in our lives. These links are used to raise questions about how practitioners can and should think about gender in their programs in the early parts of the 21st century and to possible research agendas for the future.
Depictions of Disability a Way with Words
Authors: Kilham Chris
Published: June 2019

This paper examines 69 articles with a disability theme which were published in the Australian Pre-School Quarterly and the Australian Journal of Early Childhood between 1960 and 2000. The evolving language of the authors reveals the changing cultural mores of the time. First, the vocabulary and tone of the text is analysed to highlight some of the assumptions about the place of people with disabilities in society. Practices associated with notions of deficit, pity, abnormality and expertise show how some of these assumptions have been played out in the early childhood arena. The paper concludes with a reminder that reflecting on our own language is important, not simply because language can inform and determine attitudes, but because attitudes, in turn, can be enabling or disabling for children with additional needs.
Learning Dispositions: Picking up the Threads
Authors: Bone Jane
Published: June 2019

The concept ‘disposition’ is discussed in relation to its philosophical background. It is found to be a different ‘thread’ from the main theories of cognitive development. From this perspective some questions arise about the appropriate use of a dispositional view of cognition, especially in relation to proposals for dispositions to form the basis of assessment procedures in early childhood (Carr, 1998). An argument is advanced in favour of consistency in cognitive matters and three questions are raised as a result of this inquiry. The title of the paper links the search for the origins of the term ‘disposition’ with the need to have a clear meaning of the concept in order to see where it fits in the context of early childhood and cognition.
Learning, Progression and Development Principles for Pedagogy and Curriculum Design
Authors: Raban Bridie
Published: June 2019

The active role of early childhood educators is supported and confirmed in this review of recent research. Diversity of individual developmental pathways, the significance of life experiences, and the relationships between what is already known and new knowledge are highlighted. The role of ‘critical periods’ during development is considered and evaluated in the light of concepts such as ‘dynamic development, and the notion of a gradul unfolding of skills and abilities as children grow older is challenged. The significance of planned interventions is illuminated within this wider context. Curriculum for early childhood settings is addressed in the light of community values.
Wise Practice: The Need to Move beyond Best Practice in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Goodfellow Joy
Published: June 2019

‘Best practice’ implies that there is a readily identifiable set of standards that act as performance indicators and set a benchmark when determining quality. Given recent interest in work being undertaken with young children in the programs at Reggio Emilia and Stockholm (Dahlberg, Moss & Pence, 1999) it is timely that early childhood educators move beyond ‘best’ practice and explore the concept of ‘wise’ practice. The basic premise for a move is that ‘wise’ practices are always contextually located and enacted by knowledgeable, thoughtful, and sensitive professionals who are attuned to each child's emotional wellbeing.
Transition to Child Care for Children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds
Authors: Sims Margaret , Hutchins Teresa
Published: June 2019

Children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are particularly vulnerable to stress when beginning child care. High stress levels not only impact on children's transition into child care, but can have undesirable long-term consequences if not handled appropriately. In Australia, there is provision for specialist personnel (called bicultural support workers in this study) to facilitate the transition into care of children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. This paper reports data from interviews with parents from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds whose children attended child care, caregivers in centres who worked with children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and bicultural support workers. Recommendations are made for quality practice during the transition phase into child care services for children and families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Indigenous Early Childhood Educators’ Narratives: Some Methodological Considerations
Authors: Ford Margot , Fasoli Lyn
Published: June 2019

This article will discuss some methodological issues in a cross-cultural, participative research project, using a narrative approach. Our research focus was to engage Aboriginal early childhood educators in conversations about what they considered to be important practices for working effectively with young Aboriginal children with a view to broadcasting the results to wider Indigenous and non-Indigenous audiences.

Our research design included elements intended to disrupt the power disparity characteristic of past inter-cultural research, without claiming political or cultural neutrality. It outlines structures we put in place throughout the research process for promoting Aboriginal control over the knowledge generated by the research. Although as non-Indigenous researchers we set out to position ourselves on the periphery of the research process, we were embedded in the process at every level. This paper describes that process.