bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of "Zha Tiao" electroacupuncture for patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Da Weiwei , Liu Shuang , Xue Chunchun , Chen Lin , Qian Qing , Ding Chao , Sun Pan , Xue Fan , Xue Yongpeng , Aibar Nalayev , Qi Shi , Li Xiaofeng
Published: July 2024

Background: Both Acupuncture and electroacupuncture have demonstrated effectiveness in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Variations in acupuncturists' manipulations may lead to differing therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this trial is to determine the efficacy and safety of an acupuncture technique (Zha Tiao) which is characterized by eliciting muscle twitching as an objective manifestation, combine with electroacupuncture for KOA.
Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind trial, 78 patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) classified as K-L grade II or III were randomly assigned to receive either 'Zha Tiao' electroacupuncture (ZT-EA) or regular electroacupuncture (R-EA) three times weekly for four weeks in a 1:1 ratio. Participants, outcome assessors, and statisticians keep unware of treatment group assignment. Primary outcome assessments, including the visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), range of motion (ROM), Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) of quadriceps, fastest walking time over 15 meters, Short Form 12 (SF-12), axial alignment of the lower extremity and lower limb strength, were measured at baseline, during the treatment phase (at 2 and 4 weeks), and at follow-up visits (at 8 and 12 weeks). Adverse events occurring during the trial will be recorded and analyzed. In the event of subject withdrawal from the trial, intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) will be conducted.
Expected Results and Conclusion: We expect this randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Zha Tiao on relieving pain and increasing ability in KOA patients. The proposed acupuncture treatment might provide an alternative option for both doctor and patient.
Trial registration: China Registered Clinical Trial Registration Center (ChiCTR2400085328). Registered on Jun. 05. 2024.
Optimizing Model Performance and Interpretability: an application to biological data classification
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Cao Yangkun , Chen Qiufen , Shi Bocheng , Li Yuqing , Xiao Gangyi , Mu Xuechen , Xu Ying
Published: July 2024

In biological data classification, both performance accuracy and result interpretability are desired and yet difficult to achieve simultaneously. We present a framework for transcriptomic data-based classification that can accomplish both. The key idea is as follows: 1) to identify metabolic pathways whose expressions have strong discerning power in separating samples having distinct labels, hence providing a basis for providing interpretability of the classification results; 2) to select pathways from the afore-identified whose expression variance for each can be largely captured by its first principal component of the gene-expression matrix for the pathway, hence allowing to select a minimal number of discerning pathways; 3) to select a minimal set of genes whose collective discerning power covers 95% of the discerning power for each selected pathway, giving rise to a set of features (genes) for classification; and 4) to select a model among the available ones and model parameters that give the optimal classification results. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of this framework on two cancer biology problems. We anticipate that this framework will be used for the selection of features, model, and model parameters for a wide range of biological data classification problems.
Enhancing Lithium-Ion Battery Performance: Nano Al2O3 Film Deposition on High Mass Loading LiFePO4 Cathode Electrode Using Atomic Layer Deposition Technique
Authors: Salimi Pejman , Gottardi Gloria , De Morais William Gomes , Bartali Ruben , Laidani Nadhira , Macchi Edoardo Gino
Published: July 2024

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4or LFP) is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but side reactions between the electrolyte and LFP electrode can degrade battery performance. This study introduces an innovative coating strategy using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to apply a thin (5nm and 10nm) Al2O3layer on high mass loading LFP electrodes. Galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used to assess the electrochemical performance of coated and uncoated LFP electrodes. The results show that Al2O3coatings enhance cycling performance at room temperature (RT) and 40°C by suppressing side reactions and stabilizing the cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI). The coated LFP retained 67% of its capacity after 100 cycles at 1C and RT, compared to 57% for the uncoated sample. Post-mortem analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were conducted to investigate the mechanisms behind the improved performance. These analyses reveal that the Al2O3coatings are highly effective in reducing LFP electrode degradation during cycling, demonstrating the potential of ALD Al2O3coatings to enhance the durability and performance of LFP electrodes in LIBs.
Exosomes secreted from human-derived adipose stem cells prevent progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Ikezaki Tatsuhito , Kuroda Yutaka , Kawai Toshiyuki , Okuzu Yaichiro , Morita Yugo , Goto Koji , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: July 2024

Background
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) primarily affects young individuals and is a leading cause of total hip arthroplasty in this population. Joint-preserving regenerative therapies involving core decompression (CD), enhanced with cells, growth factors, and bone substitutes, have been developed but lack extensive validation. Exosomes are emerging as a promising regenerative therapy. Human adipose stem cell (hADSC)-derived exosomes exhibit angiogenic and wound-healing effects on damaged and diseased tissues, suggesting their potential efficacy in treating early-stage ONFH. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of hADSC-derived exosomes based on CD in a medium-sized animal model (rabbit).
Methods
Exosomes were extracted using the ultrafiltration filter technique from the culture supernatants of two types of hADSCs. Characterization of exosomes was performed through nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and the detection of specific biomarkers (CD9, CD63, and CD81) by western blotting. Eighteen rabbits underwent surgical vascular occlusion and intramuscular corticosteroid injections to induce ONFH. Concurrently, CD treatment with local administration of hADSC-derived exosomes (exosome group) or saline (control group) was performed. Femoral heads were harvested at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively and evaluated using micro-computed tomography and tissue staining to assess the protective effects on osteonecrosis, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.
Results
Exosomes had average particle concentrations of 1.8×1012 or 1.8×109 particles/mL, with particle size distributions averaging 61.2 ± 14.7 or 123.1 ± 46.3 nm, and were confirmed by specific biomarkers. The exosome group exhibited a significant reduction in the severe progression of ONFH to stages 3 or 4 of the modified Ficat and Arlet classification, compared to the control group, which had four cases of stages 3 or 4. The exosome group showed significantly fewer empty lacunae in the subchondral bone area (p < 0.05) and significantly less articular cartilage injury (p < 0.05) compared to the corresponding in the control group. There were no significant differences in the microvessel number, bone trabecular structure, or volume of new bone in the medial region of the CD.
Conclusions
hADSC-derived exosomes can prevent the progression of ONFH by inhibiting osteonecrosis and cartilage damage. The ultrafiltration filter technique is effective for exosome extraction, indicating that exosomes hold potential as a therapeutic agent for ONFH.
WASPE Sleep Adjustment for Children Aged 0-4 Years Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Jiang Wenheng , Liu Pei , Xu Zheng , Zhang Xiang , Xu Lei , Zhu Kunli , Cui Zhen , Wang Jingfu , Shi Pengyue , Yue Jinbo
Published: July 2024

Background
Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in pediatric cancer treatment, but challenges exist in achieving precise positioning and irradiation, particularly in young patients. Anesthetics like propofol and chloral hydrate are commonly used, but their associated health risks necessitate exploration of alternative approaches. This study investigates the effectiveness of a novel sleep adjustment method in reducing sedative reliance during radiotherapy for children aged 0–4, aiming to enhance treatment safety and efficacy in this vulnerable population.
Methods
A randomized controlled Phase II clinical trial will enroll 140 pediatric patients who will be stratified 2:1 into the sleep adjustment group or the sedation group. The WASPE method, which includes watching videos, outdoor activities, stimulation to keep the child awake, playing with toys and eating snacks, will be used to induce deep sleep during radiotherapy in the sleep adjustment group, and the traditional sedation method will be used to deliver radiotherapy in the sedation group. The primary endpoint of the study is radiotherapy completion rate, with secondary endpoints including radiotherapy efficiency and accuracy metrics, quality of life assessments, biological markers of immune function and growth hormone levels, and safety assessments.
Discussion
This research aims to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the sleep adjustment approach versus standard sedation in radiotherapy completion rates for pediatric cancer patients. Detailed analyses focusing on radiotherapy completion rates, efficiency and accuracy metrics, quality of life assessments using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, immune function indicators, growth hormone levels, and safety outcomes will provide valuable insights into the benefits of reducing sedative use in this context. By investigating innovative strategies to enhance the radiotherapy experience for young patients, this study contributes to advancing pediatric cancer care practices.
Trial registration:
The trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier: NCT06443632 (registered May 30, 2024).
Effect of replacing Bis-GMA by a biobased trimethacrylate on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of experimental resin composites
Authors: Moreira Madiana Magalhães , Silva Ana Larissa da , Pereira Rita de Cássia Sousa , Silva Lucas Renan Rocha da , Feitosa Victor Pinheiro , Lomonaco Diego
Published: July 2024

Objectives
To analyze the incorporation of cardanol trimethacrylate monomer (CTMA), derived from the cashew nut shell liquid, as a substitute for Bis-GMA on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of experimental resin composites.
Materials and Methods
The intermediary cardanol epoxy was synthesized via cardanol epoxidation, followed by synthesis of CTMA through methacrylic anhydride solvent-free esterification. Experimental resin composites were formulated with an organic matrix composed of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50 wt %) (control). CTMA was gradually added to replace different proportions of Bis-GMA: 10 wt % (CTMA-10), 20 wt % (CTMA-20), 40 wt % (CTMA-40), and 50 wt % (CTMA-50). The composites were characterized in terms of degree of conversion, water sorption and solubility, viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, flexural strength and elastic modulus. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05), except for water sorption data, which were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn’s method.
Results
CTMA-based and control composites did not show statistically significant differences regarding degree of conversion, flexural strength and elastic modulus. CTMA reduced the viscosity and solubility compared to Bis-GMA-based composite. The CTMA-40 and CTMA-50 exhibited significantly lower water sorption compared to the control. Also, acceptable thermal stability and viscoelastic properties were obtained for safe use in the oral cavity.
Conclusions
The incorporation of CTMA into composites resulted in similar chemical and mechanical properties when compared to Bis-GMA-based material, while reducing viscosity, water sorption and solubility.
Clinical Relevance
CTMA could be used as a trimethacrylate monomer replacing Bis-GMA in resin composites, thereby minimizing BPA exposure.
Major Stoma Complications in Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in a Low Middle-income Country: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tan Alexa Ynez , Deogracias Jan Miguel
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Intestinal stomas are one of the most common parts of pediatric surgical care and complications arising from it have significant impact on over-all patient outcomes. However, data on major complications in low-middle income countries remain limited. This pilot retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the prevalence, types, and management of major stoma complications in pediatric patients at a tertiary government hospital in the Philippines.Methods: Medical records of pediatric patients with major stoma complications classified as Clavien-Dindo III-V from June 2018 to June 2023 were reviewed. Patient-related factors (age, sex, diagnosis) and surgery-related factors (stoma type and location, surgeon expertise) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics characterized demographic profiles, while chi-square and t-tests analyzed categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated independent associations with major stoma complications.Results: Out of 1,041 pediatric patients with stomas, 102 cases had major complications, representing a prevalence rate of 9.8%. Mortality directly attributed to stoma complications accounted for 1.3% of the total cases, or 14 deaths in 5 years. Neonates comprised a significant portion, primarily diagnosed with congenital conditions like anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung's disease. Ileostomies exhibited a higher incidence of major complications compared to other stoma types. Stomal prolapse and adhesive bowel obstruction are the most common reported stoma complications requiring surgical intervention while stoma revision is the most frequent corrective procedure. The median time from stoma creation to presentation of major complication was 14 months, with nearly half of the complications occurring within the first year. Only the presence of ileostomy had significant association with the development of major complications among the risk factors analyzed.Conclusion: This study provides useful insights into stoma complications in pediatric patients in a low-middle income country. Despite the lack of significant associations between the patient-related and surgeon-related factors, and major stoma complications, further investigation into other contributing factors is warranted. Improvements in data collection methods and prospective studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to enhance understanding and optimize care of major stoma complications. Addressing the challenges identified in this study could lead to a comprehensive and tailored approach to pediatric stoma care and their complications.
The relationship between Self-Stigma with Medication Adherence and Quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: momeni seyede fateme , shirinkam fatemeh , mohamadi sepideh , karimi hengameh
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Self-stigma (SS) in patients with diabetes can lead to negative feelings about themselves, which can lead to negative effects on quality of life (QOL) and reduced medication adherence (MA) in patients. The aim of the study was determining the relationship between SS with MA and QOL in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 232 patients with type 2 diabetes, who had a record in the urban comprehensive health service centers at Babol-Iran University of Medical Sciences, were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using demographic and clinical questionnaires, Self-Stigma Scale (SSS), Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and Quality Of Life Questionnaires (QOLQ).
Results: The mean scores of SS, MA and Quality Of Life were 31.07±21.45, 4.97±1.62, 82.32±10.48 respectively. The results showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between SS with MA (P=0.001, r=0.07) and also QOL (P= 0.001, r=0.0036).
Conclusion: Planning to reduce SS can be used to improve MA and QOL in people with type 2 diabetes.
Reduction in maximum ciliary body thickness could be a pre-existing predictor for pseudophakic malignant glaucoma
Authors: Qin Yong Jie , Luo Fu Long , Zeng Jin , Zhang Yu Lin , Xie Wen Juan , Chen Yan Lei , Chan Sun On , Zhang Hong Yang
Published: July 2024

Objective: Malignant glaucoma is a rare and vision threatening form of glaucoma occurring in certain postoperative patients. It presents difficult diagnostic challenge. Dentification of morphometric indicators enables to predict the development of pseudophakic malignant glaucoma (PMG).
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to May 2023. Patients who originally diagnosed with primary angle closure glaucoma and developed PMG after phacoemulsification were recruited, while those without PMG were matched eyes. The parameters such as central anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular-ciliary process angle (TCA), ciliary body thickness (CBTmax, CBT0 and CBT1000), and anterior placement of ciliary body (APCB) were measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) at pre-onset, onset and 6-month after settlement of PMG.
Results: A total of 60 eyes from 60 patients were recruited. No significant difference was found in the baseline characteristics such as age, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, degrees of angle closure and axial length. Lens extraction markedly increased the CBTmax (0.95 ± 0.09 mm vs. 1.05 ± 0.11 mm), CBT0 (0.85 ± 0.11 mm vs.0.92 ± 0.13 mm) and TCA (62.61 ± 13.17 mm vs. 70.92 ± 10.65 mm) in matched eyes, but no such increases were observed in those developed PMG. Notably, among these parameters at pre-onset of PMG, a significant reduction of CBTmax (0.87 ± 0.09 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.09 mm, P = 0.001) was only detected in the eyes that developed PMG, when compared to the matched eyes. These findings suggest an early predictor of CBTmax for PMG occurrence. Subsequently, zonulo-hyaloido-vitrectomy was performed to resolve the PMG, which was accompanied with a significant increase in the ACD, CBTmax, CBT0 and TCA, but not CBT1000 and APCB. Moreover, at pre-onset of PMG, CBTmax was the only factor producing significant prognostic value (0.74 [95% CI, 0.61-0.87], P = 0.001), which almost reaches the predictive ability at PMG attack (0.86 ([95% CI, 0.76-0.96], P < 0.001).
Conclusion: A reduction in thickness of the ciliary body is pre-existed in the eyes with PMG, of which a reduced CBTmax may serve as an early predictor.
Longitudinal latent class analysis to understand trajectory of breast density and breast cancer risk
Authors: Jiang Shu , Bennett Debbie , Wang Yueyao , Colditz Graham
Published: July 2024

Purpose
It is clinically important to refine strategies to manage women with dense breasts. We aim to identify changes in density patterns related to breast cancer risk.
Methods
This case-control study was sampled from the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort of 10,481 women cancer free at entry and followed from November 3, 2008 to October 31, 2020. Routine screening mammograms were performed every 1 to 2 years, providing a measure of breast density. 289 pathology-confirmed breast cancer cases were identified and approximately 2 controls were sampled for each case based on age at entry and year of enrollment, resulting in 658 controls. Screening mammograms were used to measure volumetric changes in breast density over time. We analyzed 8,710 craniocaudal view mammograms using longitudinal latent class to cluster women and estimate density change over time.
Results
The latent class and density trajectory were observed separately for dense and non-dense groups of women. The data defines 2 classes among both groups of women: those with decreasing density and those with increasing density over time. The odds ratio for cancer comparing decrease vs. increase is 4.85 (95% CI 1.66, 14.19) for women with dense breasts (BI-RADS C, D) and 6.17 (95% CI 2.89, 13.17) for women with non-dense breasts (BI-RADS A, B).
Conclusion and Relevance:
Latent class analysis confirms that change in density over time is important for risk classification for women with dense or non-dense breasts. Thus, a one-time measure of density is insufficient to define the level of breast cancer risk.
Elevated plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with coronary slow flow: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Xianjin , Zhu Xianguan , Zhang Liling , Chen Jing , Qian Biyun , Cheng Jingfang , Xiang Xuejun , Qiao Rui , Zheng Yuanxi , Chen Liangchuan
Published: July 2024

Background: Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by reduced coronary circulation and delayed contrast media opacity during angiography. Inflammatory responses have been observed in CSF. The correlation between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) as a vascular inflammatory factor and the prognosis of CSF patients remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between plasma LpPLA2 levels and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in CSF patients.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 285 patients with CSF who were admitted to Anqing Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to March 2023. LpPLA2 plasma levels and baseline data were collected from hospital records, mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (mTFC) was calculated for each patient. Follow-up was conducted by telephone call or cardiology clinic data, and the occurrence and timing of MACE were recorded.
Results: The median follow-up duration was 25 (95%CI: 23-27) months. During follow-up, MACE occurred in 54 patients (18.9%), including 4 individuals had non-fatal myocardial infarction, 6 had arrhythmias (4 of atrial fibrillation, 2 of frequent ventricular premature beats), and 44 had rehospitalizations due to unstable angina pectoris. No cardiac death or cerebrovascular events occurred during follow-up. We categorized LpPLA2 into quartiles, and multivariable adjusted Cox models showed an association between LpPLA2 levels and MACE incidence among CSF patients. Compared to the lowest quartiles, the hazard ratios (HR) for the highest quartiles of LpPLA2 levels was 3.34(95%CI: 1.09-10.22) (p-trend < 0.01). Though the restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve indicates a linear relationship between LpPLA2 and MACE incidence in patients with CSF (p for non-linearity = 0.212), the risk of MACE was relatively flat until 247.7 ng/ml of predicted LpPLA2 levels and increased afterwards, with a HR of 1.78 (95%CI: 1.17 to 2.71) per standard deviation. Kaplan-Meier survival assessments revealed that patients in the highest LpPLA2 quartile exhibited a worse prognosis for MACE compared to those in the lower quartiles of LpPLA2 levels (log-rank p = 0.002). Additionally, multivariable Cox regression analyses identified mTFC, LDL-C, and diabetes as other factors associated with occurrence of MACE in patients with CSF.
Conclusion: Elevated plasma LpPLA2 levels may serve as an independent predictor of MACE in patients with CSF. In addition to LpPLA2, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and mTFC may also be correlated with the prognosis of CSF.
Intraoperative Aberrometer Plus Image-Guided System for Astigmatism Correction Compared to Standard Image-Guided System for Significant Lens Opacity
Authors: Chou Michael Chia-Yen , Lee Chia-Yi , Yang Shun-Fa , Lin Hung-Yu , Chen Yu-Shu
Published: July 2024

Background
To evaluate the astigmatism after cataract surgery between the use of intraoperative aberrometer plus image-guided system (VLynk) and image-guided system alone (Verion) in patients with significant lens opacity.
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study performed at First-Brightness Eye Clinic, Taichung, Taiwan. Patients with significant lens opacity whom received cataract surgery with VLynk were compared to the control group receiving surgery with Verion. Main outcomes included the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), astigmatism, spherical equivalent (SE) status and the predicting factor for less astigmatism in the two groups. The generalized estimated equation (GEE) was used to produce the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
73 patients were enrolled in the study group (VLynk); 76 individuals constituted the control group (Verion). Preoperative and postoperative CDVA between both groups were similar (all P > 0.05). The preoperative cylinder power, preoperative SE and estimated SE were statistically insignificant between the VLynk and Verion groups (all P > 0.05). The postoperative cylinder power (P = 0.002), postoperative SE (P = 0.004) and difference between real SE and estimated SE (P = 0.001) were significantly lower in the VLynk group. Implantation of toric IOL was associated with less astigmatism in the both groups (both P < 0.05). Longer axial length (P = 0.013) and higher central corneal power (P = 0.023) were correlated to higher astigmatism in the Verion group.
Conclusion
VLynk is correlated with better postoperative astigmatism control and predictability compared to Verion in patients with significant lens opacity.
Enhancing Control Strategies for Mini High Bay Warehouse: Evaluating Methods for Voltage Conversion and Encoder Pulse Detection
Authors: Al-Hiaja'a Anas Abu , Szekeres Béla , Andó Mátyás
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates five control methods for the Fischertechnik Training Factory Industry 4.0–24 V system, focusing on accuracy, efficiency, and performance in managing voltage differences and encoder pulse detection. The proposed method, which relies on a dedicated pulse-counting Arduino to enhance precision and reliability, albeit with additional hardware requirements, demonstrated exceptional control and dependable operation. This showcases the efficacy of integrated circuits, such as the TBD62783APG chip, in industrial automation applications. This evaluation refines control strategies for industrial automation, emphasizing efficient voltage conversion and precise encoder pulse detection to enhance system performance and reliability, laying groundwork for future advancements in remote control capabilities and control strategies in complex manufacturing systems.
The effects of agroforestry and conventional banana plantations on multiple dimensions of butterfly diversity in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Rossato Dirleane O. , Iserhard Cristiano A. , Nakamura Gabriel , Duarte Leandro , Nadeau Nicola
Published: July 2024

Environmental changes, particularly in agriculture, contribute significantly to biodiversity loss, with habitat fragmentation hindering dispersal and reducing biological diversity. Specific land uses can confine evolutionary groups to certain areas, decreasing local genetic and phylogenetic diversity but potentially increasing them regionally. Utilising genetic information at the population level, along with richness, phylogenetic and composition data at the community level, offers a comprehensive understanding of agriculture's impact on biodiversity. In this study, we compared the effects of conventional and agroforestry banana plantations on butterflies’ dispersal and diversity relative to native forests. Analysing ddRAD genomic data from Heliconius ethilla narcaea at the population level and assessing richness, phylogenetic and species diversity of the Nymphalidae family at the community level, we found that agroforestry plantations exhibited the highest butterfly abundance and preserved the rarest genetic groups from H. ethilla narcaea. While these genetic groups were prevalent in native forest areas, they were absent in conventional plantation areas despite evidence for extensive genetic dispersal. Regarding species composition, both banana plantations shared similar species but differed from the native forest, which contained a distinct and phylogenetically clustered group of species, possibly due to its unique microhabitat conditions and more complex structure. The presence of the rarest genetic groups in the population and the occurrence of distinct biological species emphasise the critical role of native forests within an anthropogenic landscape. Agroforestry demonstrates the potential to sustain biodiversity alongside food production.
Evaluation of intravenous chlorothiazide dosing and efficacy in pediatric heart failure
Authors: Yao Ashley , Crandall Bronwyn , Puente Bao
Published: July 2024

In pediatric heart failure (HF) patients, intravenous (IV) chlorothiazide is commonly utilized to overcome diuretic resistance induced by chronic loop diuretic usage. Despite lack of efficacy and safety data, high doses of IV chlorothiazide up 40 mg/kg/day are often incorporated as adjunctive therapy to maximize diuretic regimens as a means to reduce cardiac preload and enhance cardiac output. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of higher than recommended IV chlorothiazide dosing in 62 pediatric HF patients on concurrent loop diuretic therapy. Patients were analyzed in three groups: standard chlorothiazide dosing (≤20 mg/kg/day), moderate chlorothiazide dosing (>20 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day), and high chlorothiazide dosing (>30 mg/kg/day). The primary objective compared the 48-hour change in fluid balance and urine output (UOP) following chlorothiazide administration, and secondary objectives included the corresponding 48-hour change in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum electrolytes. Standard dosing of IV chlorothiazide less than 20 mg/kg/day was associated with increased urine output and reduction in daily fluid balance. High dose IV chlorothiazide dosing regimens exceeding 20 mg/kg/day were associated with no additional benefit, but had similar marginal effects on serum blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum electrolytes.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Pre-Hypertension Among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Olawumi Abdulgafar Lekan , Mbaseege Kabona Anna , Oyeleke Oyeronke Adekemi , Kapitene Michaël Kamuanga , Itua Blessing , Ibraheem Abdulrauf Segun , Oseni Tijani Idris Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Background: Hypertension is increasingly prevalent globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where prehypertension, often overlooked, is associated with cardiovascular mortality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index and prehypertension among adults in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Patients aged 18 or older with prehypertension were recruited. Dietary habits were assessed using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.
Results: Of 279 respondents, 56.3% had prehypertension. Prevalence varied across age groups, ethnicities, and study sites. Higher body mass index (BMI) and older age were associated with increased prehypertension risk. However, the Dietary Inflammatory Index did not significantly predict prehypertension.
Conclusion:Prehypertension is common among adults in sub-Saharan Africa, with significant associations observed with BMI and age. However, dietary inflammation, as measured by the DII, did not independently predict prehypertension in this study. These findings underscore the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and age-related health management, to mitigate the burden of prehypertension and prevent its progression to hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa.
A social network analysis model approach to understand continuing care retirement community policies in China
Authors: Wang Xuechun , Xia Bo , Chen Qing , Skitmore Martin , Jiaxuan E
Published: July 2024

Background
China experiences rapid population aging. Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) are an emerging institutional living arrangement in China for providing older residents with care services. Although the authorities have issued a multitude of supportive policies, it lacks a comprehensive overview nor in-depth analysis of these policies. This study aims to investigate the dynamical trends of policy hotspots and the progression of coordination between departments.
Methods
We conducted a thorough content analysis of 186 central-level policies from 2000 to 2022. The temporal distribution and features of CCRCs policies over time were examined, followed by co-word analysis and Social Network Analysis (SNA) to identify policy hotspots and cooperation among promulgating departments in each phase. Gephi-supported visualization was used to create graphical maps, highlighting policy focuses and the relationships among government departments.
Results
China’s CCRCs policy has transitioned from an exploratory phase (2000-2013) to an industrialization phase (2014-present). SNA analysis reveals that during the initial phase, policy themes focused on market-based elder care, support measures, supervision, government-market cooperation, and talent introduction. In contrast, the industrialization phase emphasized health, technical innovation, senior care industry growth, and pilot projects and reform. Of the eleven departments initially involved, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) was the most active, with participation eventually growing to 36 departments, resulting in 191 interdepartmental collaborations and forming three departmental cooperation clusters.
Conclusions
CCRCs are moving towards increased commercialization, with the market increasingly sharing the responsibility for providing services for older adults. Moreover, the participatory governments proceed to increase, but there is still a lack of coordination amongst them.
Face ethnicity influences which features drive social judgments
Authors: Gosetti Valentina , Hensel Laura B. , Ince Robin A. A. , Garrod Oliver G. B. , Schyns Philippe G. , Jack Rachael E.
Published: July 2024

Humans regularly judge others’ character, including how trustworthy or dominant they are, based on facial appearance. Current models propose that specific facial features drive these judgments, but they are based predominantly on White faces. Here, we show that face ethnicity alters the features that drive trustworthiness and dominance judgments, highlighting the limited generalizability of current models. Using ethnically diverse faces and a powerful data-driven method, we modelled the 3D facial features that drive these key social trait judgments from Black African, East Asian, and White European faces in 60 individual White Western observers. Trustworthiness judgments are driven by a shared set of features plus those that exaggerate or diminish ethno-phenotypic features. Dominance judgments also rely on shared features plus those that exaggerate or diminish signal strength. Our results have direct implications for current theories of social perception and emphasize and the importance of representing ethnic diversity in psychological models.
Canadian Physics Counts:
An Exploration of the Diverse Identities of Physics Students and Professionals in Canada
Authors: Hennessey Eden , Smolina Anastasia , Hennessey Skye , Tassone Adrianna , Jay Alex , Hewitt Kevin , Ghose Shohini
Published: July 2024

The lack of diversity in physics remains a persistent worldwide problem. Despite being a quantitative discipline which relies on measurements to construct and validate hypotheses, there remains a paucity of data on both demographics and experiences of marginalized groups. In Canada, there has never been a nationwide assessment of those studying or working in physics. Here, we present findings from Canadian Physics Counts: the first national survey of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the Canadian physics community. Our intersectional approach allowed us to gather a wealth of information on gender identity, sexual orientation, race, disability, and more. Analyses revealed key findings, including the first data on physicists who identify as non-binary or gender diverse, as well as the first data on Black and Indigenous scholars. Black physicists (1.2%) and Indigenous physicists (.3%) were found to be the most underrepresented, while White men were overrepresented across all sectors. Among respondents with a disability, only 5% reported receiving full accommodations for their required needs at their place of work or study. One in four respondents from Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC) gender diverse backgrounds identified as being disabled, and the proportion of sexually diverse students who reported having a disability was more than three times higher than the proportion of heterosexual students with a disability. The data also revealed that students represented more demographic diversity than working professionals, highlighting the importance of acting today in order to retain the diverse physicists of tomorrow. Our analysis identifies areas for intervention and offers recommendations for building a diverse and inclusive physics community in Canada that can be a global exemplar.
Targeted proteomic analysis of dry blood spot samples collected during long-term spaceflights
Authors: Larina Irina , Kononikhin Alexey , Brzhozovskiy Alexander , Semenov Savva , Kashirina Daria , Indeykina Maria , Bugrova Anna , Pastushkova Lyudmila , Orlov Oleg , Nikolaev Evgeny
Published: July 2024

The molecular mechanisms of organismal adaptation to spaceflight (SF) conditions are not fully investigated and remain relevant for study. Newly emerging multi-omics technologies may provide information at the molecular level regarding physiological changes caused by SF factors. The aim of the study was to apply blood proteome analysis using dried blood spots (DBS) micro-sampling technique to study at the molecular level the physiological response to SF conditions for 7 cosmonauts during 169–199 days long-duration missions (one of the cosmonauts participated in a year-long mission). The level of 119 blood proteins was quantified in DBS samples by targeted mass spectrometry based proteomics with a validated MRM assay using stable isotope-labeled peptide standards (SIS). To identify proteins whose concentrations are sensitive to the high physiological stress of landing and takeoff the Mann-Whitney and Cohen's d-size effect tests were used. As a result, 10 proteins (p-value < 0.05 and Cohen's d size > 0.8) were found to be significant. In order to determine additional stress marker proteins, the dynamic changes in protein concentration during SF were analyzed to find proteins whose concentrations change monotonously after stress exposure (takeoff or landing). A simple exponential decay model for protein concentration relaxation was proposed which allows to reveal additional 14 proteins. Intersections of both protein panels mentioned above resulted in a final list of 19 blood proteins that are related to SF factors such as takeoff and landing. The panel includes 2 plasma proteins (Lumican and Insulin-like protein binding growth factor 3) that were previously mentioned in other studies to be related with SF. As far as we know this is the first DBS proteomic study for monitoring adaptive reactions of the organism to long-term SF.
Genetic variants in IRF2, STAT6, and TSLP are associated with eczema herpeticum in a European cohort of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zeitvogel Jana , Klug Ilona , Traidl Stephan , Rösner Lennart , Mommert Susanne , Döhner Katinka , Werfel Thomas
Published: July 2024

Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a disseminated severe herpes simplex virus infection that occurs in a subset of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). EH is a complex multifactorial disease caused by immunological changes, environmental influences, and genetic aberrations. The latter is becoming increasingly apparent, and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been associated with triggering EH, including genes related to interferon signaling, the epidermal barrier, and Th2-mediated immunity. So far, genetic studies have not considered the severity of AD, which may have led to associations related to AD severity rather than EH. To investigate genetic risk factors for EH in a European cohort, we analyzed several SNPs of the genes STAT6, IFNG, IFNGR1, IRF2, and TSLP in AD patients with (ADEH+) versus a carefully matched control group of AD patients consisting of 44 patients matched for age, sex, and severity of AD (SCORAD) without a history of eczema herpeticum (ADEH-) by pyrosequencing. We confirmed an association of rs2416259 (TSLP), rs167769 (STAT6), and rs11132242 (IRF2) with ADEH + in our European cohort. However, the risk alleles for rs167769 and rs11132242 were contrary to previous reports that did not take age, sex, and disease severity into account. We could not confirm an association for several loci (rs3024975 (STAT6); rs2069705, rs2069718, rs2069727, and rs2430561 (IFNG); rs3799488 and rs9376269 (IFNGR1); rs1342852 (IRF2)) previously described in other cohorts. Moreover, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed gametic LD and epistatic effects between STAT6, IFNGR, and IFNG genes. Better knowledge of genetic factors predisposing to eczema herpeticum may allow the early identification of patients at increased risk and disease prevention. Our study provides important clues to possible key factors in the antiviral immunity in herpes simplex virus infection and thus to potential therapeutic interventions.
Single-cell analysis reveals immune cell abnormalities underlying the clinical heterogeneity of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Nishide Masayuki , Shimagami Hiroshi , Nishimura Kei , Matsushita Hiroaki , Metsugi Shoichi , Kato Yasuhiro , Kawasaki Takahiro , Tsujimoto Kohei , Edahiro Ryuya , Itotagawa Eri , Naito Maiko , Kawada Shoji , Nakatsubo Daisuke , Matsukawa Kazuki , Namba-Hamano Tomoko , Inoue Kazunori , Takahashi Atsushi , Mizui Masayuki , Omiya Ryusuke , Isaka Yoshitaka , Okada Yukinori , Hattori Kunihiro , Narazaki Masashi , Kumanogoh Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases present with diverse clinical manifestations that often complicate management strategies. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a representative disease with multiple organ manifestations affecting patients worldwide, and exploring the variation of immune abnormalities in this disease is of great interest. However, previous studies have focused on diseased tissues, and it remains largely unknown how cellular diversity links to clinical heterogeneity. Here, we perform single-cell transcriptome and surface proteome analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 SSc patients who are not receiving immunomodulatory therapy and show that different clinical manifestations are associated with distinct immune abnormalities. Enrichment of a specific CD14+ monocyte subset characterized by EGR1 expression is observed in patients with scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). Integrated analysis of PBMCs and kidney biopsy cells indicates that this monocyte subset directly differentiates into tissue-damaging macrophages under activation of NF-κB signaling. Clinically, EGR1 expression in monocytes is significantly upregulated at the onset of SRC and decreases after treatment, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for SRC. In patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), a CD8+ T cell subset with type II interferon signature is highly enriched in both peripheral blood and lung tissue of patients with progressive disease, suggesting that chemokine-driven migration of these cells is involved in ILD progression. Thus, distinct immune cell profiles at the single cell level reveal different directions of immune dysregulation between organ manifestations and provide insights for tailored treatment strategies.
UVR Prediction Over Lagos, Ibadan and New Richmond for Public Health and Renewable Energy
Authors: OYEDOKUN Sherifdeen M. , OLATONA Gbadebo I. , ADISA Shuaib A.
Published: July 2024

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a significant environmental factor influencing various biological and chemical processes, including photosynthesis in plants, vitamin D synthesis in humans, and microbial sterilization. However, excessive UVR exposure can lead to adverse effects such as skin cancer and DNA damage. This study applies the ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) model to predict UVR levels over Lagos and Ibadan in Nigeria, and New Richmond in the United States, utilizing a 21-year dataset spanning from 2000 to 2020. By analysing the autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) with a significance level of 0.25, the stationarity and appropriate parameters for the ARIMA model were identified. The model is then used to predict daily UVR values for the last day of each month from January 2021 to December 2022. Results indicate that the ARIMA model effectively captures the temporal patterns in UVR data, with validation metrics such as RMSE, MAE, and MAPE confirming its predictive accuracy. This predictive capability can inform public health advisories, agricultural practices, and environmental management, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and prediction of UVR levels to mitigate potential health risks.
KARL MARX’IN FELSEFESİNDE “YAŞAM”
Authors: Güngör İrmak
Published: July 2024

Marx’ın düşüncesinde “yaşam” kavramının izini sürmek, bu meseleler hakkında doğrudan sayfalarca yazan diğer düşünürlere nazaran belirli bir güçlüğü taşır. Çünkü Marx ne özellikle “yaşam” ne de “ölüm” hakkında doğrudan yazmıştır. Başlı başına tartışmalı fakat bir o kadar etkin bir düşünce olan “Marx’ın felsefesi”nde bu kavramların ne anlama geldiklerini ve bazen iyi bazen kötü anılsa da günümüzde hâlâ etkin olan bu düşünce sisteminde söz konusu kavramların işlevlerinin neler olduğunu ortaya koymak, Marx’ın eserlerine bütünlüklü bir yaklaşımı zorunlu kılar. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada yapılmaya çalışılacak olan şey Marx’ın düşüncesini bütünlüklü bir yaklaşımla ele alarak, bu teorinin altında yatan -varsa- insan, özne anlayışlarının, “yaşam”ın anlamının ortaya konması olacaktır. Bu bağlamda “Kendini gerçekleştirme kavramı hesaba katıldığında Marx’ın felsefesinin hümanist bir yanı olduğu söylenebilir mi?” sorusu önemli bir sorudur. İlerleyen satırlarda ayrıntılandırmaya çalışacağımız üzere Marx’ın felsefesinin bir yaşam felsefesi, yaşamı olumlayan bir felsefe olarak okunup okunmayacağı sorusu da elinizdeki çalışmanın yanıt vermeyi denediği sorulardan bir tanesidir.
Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(acrylic acid-b-acrylamide) via RAFT: Effect of Composition on Ni2+ Binding Capacity
Authors: de Castro Rafael , Florenzano Fabio
Published: July 2024

Two poly(acrylic acid-b-acrylamide) copolymers, and a poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for nickel removal from aqueous media. RAFT was used for better interchain composition homogeneity and to facilitate the synthesis of the block copolymers. Liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR) was used to compare the nickel binding capacity. Uptake tests were carried out at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. Nickel adsorption isotherms in the range of 1 to 7 mmol L-1 were achieved and the Langmuir adsorption model was applied. Maximum binding capacity (Qm) of Ni2+ at 298 K depended on the composition of the copolymers and pH. The polyacid block (PAA) was the major structural feature responsible for high values of nickel binding. All materials presented better uptake at higher pH, probably due to polyacid deprotonation and the increase in the electrostatic interactions. Up to approximately 100 mg of nickel per gram of homopolymer could be retained at pH = 5.0. Even though the presence of a poly(acrylamide) block decreases the binding capacity compared to PAA, that block has a specific contribution to nickel binding and can also provide better features to the material as better solubilization, and others.