bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olivine alteration and the loss of Mars’ early atmospheric carbon
Authors: Murray Joshua , Jagoutz Oliver
Published: September 2024

The early Martian atmosphere had 0.25 to 4 bar of CO
2
but thinned rapidly around 3.5 billion years ago. The fate of that carbon remains poorly constrained. The hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks, rich in Fe(II) and Mg, forms both abiotic methane, serpentine, and high-surface-area smectite clays. Given the abundance of ultramafic rocks and smectite in the Martian upper crust and the growing evidence of organic carbon in Martian sedimentary rocks, we quantify the effects of ultramafic alteration on the carbon cycle of early Mars. We calculate the capacity of Noachian-age clays to store organic carbon. Up to 1.7 bar of CO
2
can plausibly be adsorbed on clay surfaces. Coupling abiotic methanogenesis with best estimates of Mars’ δ
13
C history predicts a reservoir of 0.6 to 1.3 bar of CO
2
equivalent. Such a reservoir could be used as an energy source for long-term missions. Our results further illustrate the control of water-rock reactions on the atmospheric evolution of planets.
Skewed epithelial cell differentiation and premature aging of the thymus in the absence of vitamin D signaling
Authors: Artusa Patricio , Nguyen Yamamoto Loan , Barbier Camille , Valbon Stefanie F. , Aghazadeh Habashi Yashar , Djambazian Haig , Ismailova Aiten , Lebel Marie-Ève , Salehi-Tabar Reyhaneh , Sarmadi Fatemeh , Ragoussis Jiannis , Goltzman David , Melichar Heather J. , White John H.
Published: September 2024

Central tolerance of thymocytes to self-antigen depends on the medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire), which drives tissue-restricted antigen (TRA) gene expression. Vitamin D signaling regulates Aire and TRA expression in mTECs, providing a basis for links between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmunity. We find that mice lacking Cyp27b1, which cannot produce hormonally active vitamin D, display profoundly reduced thymic cellularity, with a reduced proportion of Aire
+
mTECs, attenuated TRA expression, and poorly defined cortical-medullary boundaries. Markers of T cell negative selection are diminished, and organ-specific autoantibodies are present in knockout (KO) mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that loss of Cyp27b1 skews mTEC differentiation toward Ccl21
+
intertypical TECs and generates a gene expression profile consistent with premature aging. KO thymi display accelerated involution and reduced expression of thymic longevity factors. Thus, loss of thymic vitamin D signaling disrupts normal mTEC differentiation and function and accelerates thymic aging.
Kappa opioids inhibit spinal output neurons to suppress itch
Authors: Sheahan Tayler D. , Warwick Charles A. , Cui Abby Y. , Baranger David A. A. , Perry Vijay J. , Smith Kelly M. , Manalo Allison P. , Nguyen Eileen K. , Koerber H. Richard , Ross Sarah E.
Published: September 2024

Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon Ca
2+
imaging of the dorsal horn to visualize neuronal populations that are activated by itch-inducing agents. We identify a convergent population of spinal interneurons recruited by diverse itch-causing stimuli that represents a subset of neurons that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Moreover, we find that itch is conveyed to the brain via GRPR-expressing spinal output neurons that target the lateral parabrachial nuclei. We then show that the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine relieves itch by selectively inhibiting GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons. These experiments provide a population-level view of the spinal neurons that respond to pruritic stimuli, pinpoint the output neurons that convey itch to the brain, and identify the cellular target of kappa opioid receptor agonists for the inhibition of itch.
Taking control: Steering the future of biohybrid robots
Authors: Bawa Maheera , Raman Ritu
Published: September 2024

Innovations in control mechanisms for muscle-powered robots are advancing the sophistication of biohybrid machines.
Machine learning, robots, and abuse of power
Authors: Murphy Robin R.
Published: September 2024

The novel
Annie Bot
by Sierra Greer is a machine learning take on the domestic noir genre.
Spermidine metabolism regulates leukemia stem and progenitor cell function through KAT7 expression in patient-derived mouse models
Authors: Rondeau Vincent , Berman Jacob M. , Ling Tianyi , O’Brien Cristiana , Culp-Hill Rachel , Reisz Julie A. , Wunderlich Mark , Chueh Yun , Jiménez-Camacho Karina E. , Sexton Christina , Carter Katharine M. , Stillwell Cody , St-Germain Jonathan , Yendi Duhan , Gupta Aarushi , Shi Mary , Bourdine Aleksandra , Paralkar Vikram R. , Jahangiri Soheil , Hope Kristin J. , Tikhonova Anastasia N. , Arruda Andrea , Minden Mark D. , Raught Brian , D’Alessandro Angelo , Jones Courtney L.
Published: September 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating disease initiated and maintained by a rare subset of cells called leukemia stem cells (LSCs). LSCs are responsible for driving disease relapse, making the development of new therapeutic strategies to target LSCs urgently needed. The use of mass spectrometry–based metabolomics profiling has enabled the discovery of unique and targetable metabolic properties in LSCs. However, we do not have a comprehensive understanding of metabolite differences between LSCs and their normal counterparts, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In this study, we used an unbiased mass spectrometry–based metabolomics analysis to define differences in metabolites between primary human LSCs and HSPCs, which revealed that LSCs have a distinct metabolome. Spermidine was the most enriched metabolite in LSCs compared with HSPCs. Pharmacological reduction of spermidine concentrations decreased LSC function but spared normal HSPCs. Polyamine depletion also decreased leukemic burden in patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, spermidine depletion induced LSC myeloid differentiation by decreasing eIF5A-dependent protein synthesis, resulting in reduced expression of a select subset of proteins. KAT7, a histone acetyltransferase, was one of the top candidates identified to be down-regulated by spermidine depletion. Overexpression of KAT7 partially rescued polyamine depletion–induced decreased colony-forming ability, demonstrating that loss of KAT7 is an essential part of the mechanism by which spermidine depletion targets AML clonogenic potential. Together, we identified and mechanistically dissected a metabolic vulnerability of LSCs that has the potential to be rapidly translated into clinical trials to improve outcomes for patients with AML.
Reduction of prolonged excitatory neuron swelling after spinal cord injury improves locomotor recovery in mice
Authors: Li Qiang , Sandoval Alfredo , Moth John , Shang Junkui , Liew Jia Yi , Dunn Tiffany , Yang Zhiyun , Su Junfeng , Henwood Melissa , Williams Philip , Chen Bo
Published: September 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in acute damage and triggers secondary injury responses with sustained neuronal loss and dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms for these delayed neuronal pathologies are not entirely understood. SCI results in the swelling of spinal neurons, but the contribution of cell swelling to neuronal loss and functional deficits after SCI has not been systematically characterized. In this study, we devised a three-dimensional image analysis pipeline to evaluate spinal neurons, examining their types, quantities, volumes, and spatial distribution in a double-lateral hemisection SCI mouse model. We found that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons swell and are lost, albeit with distinct temporal patterns. Inhibitory neurons demonstrated marked swelling and decline in number on day 2 after SCI, which resolved by day 14. In contrast, excitatory neurons maintained persistent swelling and continued cell loss for at least 35 days after SCI in mice. Excitatory neurons exhibited sustained expression of the Na
+
-K
+
-Cl
−
cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), whereas inhibitory neurons down-regulated the protein by day 14 after SCI. Treatment with a Food and Drug Administration–approved NKCC1 inhibitor, bumetanide, mitigated swelling of excitatory neurons and reduced their loss in the secondary injury phase after SCI. The administration of bumetanide after SCI in mouse improved locomotor recovery, with functional benefits persisting for at least 4 weeks after treatment cessation. This study advances our understanding of SCI-related pathology and introduces bumetanide as a potential treatment to mitigate sustained neuronal swelling and enhance recovery after SCI.
Fetal haemoglobin and oxygen requirement in preterm infants: an observational study
Authors: Ulinder Tommy , Hellström William , Gadsbøll Christian , Nilsson Linda , Gebka Margareta , Robertz Gustav , Bruschettini Matteo , Hellstrom Ann , Ley David
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the relationship between the fraction of fetal haemoglobin (HbF(%)) and oxygen requirement as determined by the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and alveolar–arterial gradient (A–a gradient). Increased alveolar exposure to oxygen may explain the association between decreased HbF(%) and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Design

Longitudinal, retrospective, observational study.

Setting

Tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit, referral centre for southern Sweden.

Patients

Four hundred forty very preterm infants born before gestational week 30, 2009–2015.

Intervention

Regular clinical practice.

Main outcome measures

The FiO2and A–a gradient were determined at the time-point of 10 015 arterial blood gas analyses obtained during postnatal days 1–7. The relationship between HbF(%) and FiO2and A–a gradient and the modifying influence of other factors affecting haemoglobin oxygen affinity were evaluated.

Results

We found a significant relationship between a low fraction of HbF and an increase in FiO2and A–a gradient, respectively. These relationships remained significant after adjusting for pH, pCO2, postnatal age, gestational age and sex.

Conclusion

These high-resolution data show that decreased HbF(%) during the first postnatal week is associated with increased FiO2and A–a gradient in very preterm infants. Increased alveolar exposure to oxygen and resulting oxidative stress may, at least partly, explain the previously reported associations between decreased HbF, blood transfusions and the development of BPD in preterm infants.
Body size- and temperature-related metabolic traits of juvenile chum salmon during northward migration
Authors: Iino Yuki , Abe Takaaki K. , Shimizu Yuichi , Nagasaka Tsuyoshi , Kitagawa Takashi
Published: September 2024

Due to rapid ocean warming at higher latitudes, northward habitat shifts of the dominant anadromous fish in the Northern Hemisphere, chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta), have recently been reported. Physiological development is considered to be a trigger for habitat shifts during early life. However, the possibility of physiological adaptations to future ocean warming is not fully understood, because data on the physiological traits of juveniles, such as metabolic rate and swimming performance, are limited. Using swim tunnel respirometers, we identified the metabolic traits of different-sized chum salmon juveniles originating from the Sanriku coastal river, Japan, which is far from the northern feeding grounds. The weight gain of >2 g steeply increased the prolonged swimming performance, and the metabolic cost of swimming against the southward current in the Sanriku coast decreased with weight gain under the sea water temperature range of 8–12 °C. These findings indicate weight gain and inhabiting areas with temperatures < 13 °C might provide potential benefits for northward migration. These results will be valuable when assessing the increased costs associated with changing ocean conditions.
Significance of spatial variability in heat generation on nonlinear mixed convective Jeffrey nanofluid flows nearby an impermeable plate
Authors: Srinivas Reddy C. , Narsimha Raju Ch. , Zaydan M. , Prashanth M. , Muhammad Taseer , Wakif A.
Published: September 2024

The dynamics of Jeffrey nanofluids over an elongated surface heated by convection are addressed adequately under the nonlinear Boussinesq’s sense. Novel attributes of exponential heat source and thermal radiation are included. Buongiorno’s revised nanoliquid model is implemented to study the uneven dispersion and thermophoresis of nanoparticles subjected to passive control of nanoparticles on the surface. Wall suction or injection effects are also considered. Mathematical modeling is developed and treated numerically using the similarity approach. The results are presented considering numerous values of the physical parameters. Stimulus variables that regulate the resulting dimensionless physical quantities are examined graphically. Nonlinear convection has occurred to reinforce the nanofluid motion and reduce the thermal boundary layer thickness. The results of this study are useful in polymer industries.
AECA: An ambiguous-entropy clustering algorithm for the analysis of resting-state fMRISs of human brain and their functional connections
Authors: Singh Pritpal , Saini Bhavna , Huang Yo-Ping
Published: September 2024

The ambiguous set theory has recently been introduced to characterize ambiguities inherent in information. Based on ambiguous set and ambiguous entropy (AE), this study presents a clustering algorithm called ambiguous-entropy clustering algorithm (AECA). The proposed AECA applies to analyze the resting-state fMRI signals (RSfMRISs). For the experimental purpose, this study considers RSfMRISs data obtained from resting-state of human brain. Three different data clusters related to RSfMRIS are identified and their statistical significance is analyzed using AECA. We perform the autocorrelation analysis for the clustered RSfMRISs. We test the statistical significance of the results using the Ljung-Box test. The results show that AECA is able to identify the activation of RSfMRISs despite the resting state of the brain. To discover the activation patterns of neurons in the resting state, functional connections in RSfMRISs are investigated. For this purpose, an algorithm called ambiguous-entropy functional connection algorithm (AEFCA) is presented in this study. Using this algorithm, a weighted graph is constructed to show the functional connections. Such a graph is called functional connection network graph (FCNG).
A Real-Time Tracking Approach for Moving Objects Based on an Integrated Algorithm of YOLOv7 and SORT
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Tongtong
Published: September 2024

Mobile target tracking remains a significant issue in smart cities. Due to complex changes in time and space of targets, real-time tracking remains a challenging problem. As a result, this paper proposes a real-time tracking approach for moving objects by combining the advantages of YOLOv7 and SORT algorithms. First, we use the YOLOv7 algorithm for object detection, which has the characteristics of high accuracy and efficiency. Then, we apply the SORT algorithm to the target tracking stage, which estimates and updates the target state through Kalman filtering. The collaborative function of the two parts is expected to achieve high-quality tracking of moving targets. Besides, this paper also demonstrates experiments and analysis on image datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has achieved good performance in real-time tracking of moving targets. Compared with traditional methods, it can more accurately predict the position and trajectory of targets and has better real-time performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm is equally effective for target tracking in complex scenes, such as multi-target tracking and target occlusion. Future research can further optimize the performance of algorithms to cope with more complex scenarios and problems.
Complex Network Dynamics Model-Based Financial Risk Assessment Method for Supply Chains Systems
Authors: Wen Yanyan , Huo Yulong , Wang Baoqi , Wang Ruoxi , Li Haifeng
Published: September 2024

As a critical financing method, supply chain finance (SCF) plays a vital role in addressing the financing challenges faced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and in promoting collaborative development within supply chains. However, SCF systems inevitably encounter complex risks of default contagion. Effectively detecting and assessing these risks, along with formulating reasonable financing strategies, are issues of common concern to both the academic and business communities. This study utilizes complex network theory to investigate the guaranteed warehouse financing model in supply chain finance. First, a complex network model of supply chain finance is constructed to analyze the transmission mechanisms of default contagion risk. This model effectively measures the ways and mechanisms of risk propagation. Second, a default probability model is developed to assess the risk magnitude for enterprises following default contagion. This model facilitates risk assessment and control, providing a scientific basis for financing decisions. Third, by constructing an SCF financing model, this study examines the financing decision-making behaviors of banks, manufacturers and retailers under various conditions. It reveals the interactions and interest trade-offs among participants in the guaranteed warehouse financing model. Finally, through simulation analysis, the study investigates the impact of different parameters on supply chain finance strategies. The results offer quantitative guidance for banks in setting loan quotas and provide a theoretical foundation for enterprises to formulate reasonable financing strategies in the guaranteed warehouse financing model.
EFFECT OF SILANE GRAFTED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FOAM, ARECA FRUIT FIBER AND MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE TOUGHENED VINYL ESTER COMPOSITE ON THERMAL AND WATER ACCELERATED AGING
Authors: RAJESHKANNAN S. , ANNAMALAI SIVAKUMAR , SARAVANAN S. , KARTHIKEYAN L.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the performance of vinyl ester composites reinforced with areca fruit fiber, microcrystalline cellulose, and silane coupling-grafted recycled PET bottle waste foam under conditions of water and heat-accelerated aging. The reinforcement, areca fiber and recycled PET foam were surface-modified using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) to enhance interfacial bonding. The composites were fabricated using a manual hand layup process and subjected to aging tests. According to results the APS2 composite had enhanced heat conductivity at 0.17[Formula: see text]W/mk and decreased flame propagation speed at 10.99[Formula: see text]mm/min after being exposed to saltwater. Similarly, after being exposed to rainwater, the ARP2 composite developed a temperature conductivity of 0.16[Formula: see text]W/mk, a flexural strength of 80.3[Formula: see text]MPa, a tensile strength of 37.4[Formula: see text]MPa, and a flame propagation speed of 10.97[Formula: see text]mm/min. SEM analysis of silane-treated vinyl ester composites reinforced with areca fibers and microcrystalline cellulose reveals improved interfacial bonding and filler dispersion, enhancing the composite’s mechanical integrity. These findings confirm that the application of silane coupling agents significantly enhances the thermal stability, water resistance, and overall durability of the composites, making them suitable for demanding applications requiring high mechanical strength, effective thermal management, and robust fire resistance, particularly under challenging environmental conditions.
The relationship between mechanical properties and mineralogical composition of some sedimentary rocks
Authors: Heydarian Pouria , Asef Mohammad Reza , Hamidi Jafar Khademi , Talkhablo Mehdi
Published: September 2024

The physical and mechanical properties of rock material are remarkably associated with the comprising mineralogical composition and textural characteristics. Therefore, a meticulous understanding of the role of mineralogical composition in the engineering behaviour of sedimentary rocks is essential. For this purpose, both the matrix and aggregates of rocks must be thoroughly analysed to obtain comprehensive insight into this aspect. The main objective of this study is to investigate the extent of the complexity of the relationship between mineralogical and mechanical properties of some sedimentary rocks. Several sedimentary rock samples from different regions of Iran were analysed in this study. The same samples were then tested to determine uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, Schmidt hammer hardness and the Cerchar abrasivity index. The relationship between these properties and the mineralogical composition is described by linear and multivariate regression analyses. The research unequivocally establishes a significant correlation between specific mechanical parameters and mineralogical composition. Moreover, the findings highlight the relative importance of each parameter, with some being more crucial than others.
Occupancy Map Guided Attributes Artifacts Removal for Video-Based Point Cloud Compression
Authors: Chen Peilin , Wang Shiqi , Li Zhu
Published: September 2024

Point clouds offer realistic 3D representations of objects and scenes at the expense of large data volumes. To represent such data compactly in real-world applications, Video-Based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) converts their texture into 2D attributes and occupancy maps before applying lossy video compression. Unfortunately, the coding artifacts introduced in the decoded attribute maps eventually degrade the quality of the reconstructed point cloud, thereby influencing its immersive experience. This article proposes a deep learning-based attribute map enhancement method that fully leverages the occupancy map's guidance. The design philosophy is that the cross-modality guidance from occupancy can be leveraged as critical information to enhance the attribute. Therefore, instead of treating attribute and occupancy as two separate sources of signals, occupancy serves as an indispensable auxiliary, such that the proposed framework explicitly provides the model with abundant clues by conducting local feature modification and global dependencies aggregation. In particular, the proposed framework is compatible with existing V-PCC bitstreams and can be feasibly incorporated into the standardized decoder pipeline. Extensive evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in attribute enhancement, with equivalently 6.0% Bjontegaard Delta-rate (BD-rate) savings obtained.
Anticorrosive Properties of Different ZnFeNi Alloys Synthesized on Carbon Steel Surface
Authors: Akdag Abdurrahman
Published: September 2024

ZnFeNi alloys were synthesized galvanostatically in a sulfate bath at constant current values of 1, 1.5, and 2 mA on the carbon steel surface. The synthesized alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and linear sweep voltammetry methods. The corrosion performances of the alloys were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, anodic polarization curves, and open-circuit potential-time techniques. Based on the anodic polarization curves, it was determined that the alloy with the lowest corrosion current was the ZnFeNi-1.5 alloy synthesized at a constant current value of 1.5 mA. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the alloy with the highest polarization resistance during long exposure to a corrosive environment was ZnFeNi-1.5. By examining the anticorrosive properties, it was understood that the alloy that showed the best protective properties against the corrosion of carbon steel was ZnFeNi-1.5.
Pairing tones with vagus nerve stimulation improves brain stem responses to speech in the valproic acid model of autism
Authors: Tamaoki Yuko , Pasapula Varun , Danaphongse Tanya T. , Reyes Alfonso R. , Chandler Collin R. , Borland Michael S. , Riley Jonathan R. , Carroll Alan M. , Engineer Crystal T.
Published: September 2024

Pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with sounds has improved auditory processing in the auditory cortex of normal-hearing rats and autism models of rats. This study tests the ability of VNS-sound pairing to restore auditory processing in the inferior colliculus (IC) of valproic acid (VPA)-exposed rats. Pairing VNS with tones significantly reversed the degraded sound processing in the IC in VPA-exposed rats. The findings provide evidence that auditory processing in autism rat models can be improved through VNS.
Effects of Drug‐Coated Balloons on Inflammatory Cytokines After Interventional Therapy for Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Yu Jiaming , Zhu Feng , Yang Aqiang , Wang Zhi , Yuan Chi , Xia Guohua , Wang Wei , Song Xuanwei , Chen Zhengzheng , Wu Yinji , Sun Yihang , Pan Lingxiao , Ke Yongsheng , Wang Hegui
Published: September 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of a drug‐coated balloon (DCB) on inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery calcification (CAC) after interventional therapy.

Methods: This study included 58 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) from October 2020 to September 2021. Patients were divided into CAC and non‐CAC groups, and a DCB was used to intervene in the target lesions. Ten‐milliliter preoperative and postoperative blood samples were drawn from the coronary lesions in both groups to detect the expression of serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). All patients were subjected to a 6‐month follow‐up to observe the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).

Results: No significant differences in baseline clinical data were found between the groups. Serum IL‐6, TNF‐α, and ICAM‐1 expressions in coronary blood samples immediately before DCB were not significantly different from those after DCB in all patients. After DCB, serum TNF‐α expression in the CAC group was significantly lower than that in the non‐CAC group (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant difference in serum IL‐6 and ICAM‐1 expression was found between the groups. During the 6‐month follow‐up, no significant difference in the incidence of MACE was found between both groups.

Conclusions: DCB reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α in CAC, which may be one of the key mechanisms underlying the treatment of CAC by DCB.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Reaction to Permanent Tattoo Containing Paraphenylenediamine: A Case Report
Authors: Parascandolo Eliot , Puglisi Samuel , Marenco Miguel , Puglisi Gregory
Published: September 2024

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a well‐known culprit allergen in the literature and clinical practice. Although this has been described in temporary tattoos, the definite implication of PPD in permanent tattoos has not been described. We report a patient who developed severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) requiring skin grafting after receiving a permanent tattoo with ink containing PPD. A 30‐year‐old female with a past history of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis presented with a 2‐week history of cutaneous reaction to a recent tattoo. The patient noticed inflammation and irritation of the tattoo site the day after administration. The patient was previously identified on patch testing to have a PPD allergy after evaluation for dermatitis after hair dye application. Following the tattoo placement, she applied soap and bacitracin cream which she had used several years prior on a similar tattoo. On presentation 2 weeks later, she was found to have a deep ulcerated plaque with an indurated border encompassing the area of the tattoo. She was referred to the emergency department and admitted for treatment, ultimately requiring debridement and skin grafting. The patient obtained the safety data sheets for the tattoo inks which revealed PPD as an ingredient in every color. We believe this is the first confirmed case of PPD being implicated as the causative agent for ACD to a permanent tattoo. Tattoo ink is unregulated, and formulas are proprietary which makes safe practice difficult for patients with sensitivities. We advocate for consistent ingredient labeling, regulation, and transparency within the tattoo ink industry.
Prediction Method of Maximum Propagation Angle in Parabolic Equation Model over Irregular Terrain
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Hongguang , Wu Zhensen , Lin Leke , Zhao Zhenwei
Published: September 2024

The parabolic equation (PE) model is effective for predicting signal propagation over irregular terrains. The shift map method of the PE model is highly accurate and widely used for terrain propagation predictions. The maximum propagation angle is a crucial parameter of the shift map model. Here, unreasonable values may result in incorrect results or further computations. However, the prediction formula used in existing literature is limited, thereby leading to inaccurate results. In this study, a maximum propagation angle prediction method was developed. The maximum propagation angle with terrain should be calculated as the sum of the maximum propagation angle without terrain and twice the maximum terrain slope angle. Hence, the selection criteria for the different models in the hybrid terrain model were reanalyzed. An accurate maximum propagation angle is key for the PE model over irregular terrains, as it ensures prediction accuracy and improves calculation speed.
Contemporary Algebraic Attributes of the q‐Rung Orthopair Complex Fuzzy Subgroups
Authors: Ali Arshad , Hmissi Mohamed , Alsuraiheed Turki , Akter Dilruba
Published: September 2024

A more advanced form of complex fuzzy sets is q‐rung orthopair complex fuzzy (q -ROCF) sets, which offer an additional and broad visualization of the uncertainty present in the unit disk. In comparison to complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets and complex bipolar fuzzy sets, the q -ROCF set is more appropriate and versatile. Their ability to describe a broader range of unclear information makes them distinguishable because the real part of a complex‐valued membership degree and the real part of a complex‐valued nonmembership degree have a sum of qth powers that is equal to or less than one (similarly for the imaginary part of a complex‐valued). In terms of the characteristics of the q -ROCF set, we propose the concept of q -ROCF subgroups and investigate some fundamental features under the q -ROCF set. Moreover, we show that every intuitionistic complex fuzzy subgroup is a q -ROCF subgroup. Also, we use this approach to define q -ROCF level subgroups, q -ROCF cosets, and q -ROCF normal subgroups of a certain group as well as to investigate some of their algebraic characteristics. Furthermore, we develop the concept of group homomorphism, images, and preimages under the influence of the q -ROCF subgroup.
Effectiveness and Safety of the Coadministration of Rifampin and Warfarin versus Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wung Ju-Chieh , Hsu Chia-Chen , Wang Chi-En , Dong Yaa-Hui , Lin Chia-Chieh , Wang Szu-Yu , Chang Shih-Lin , Chang Yuh-Lih
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that rifampin reduces the levels of oral anticoagulants during the initiation of coadministration, raising concerns about an increased thrombotic risk, but there are limited comparative clinical outcomes between rifampin and warfarin compared with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of concurrent use of rifampin and warfarin versus DOACs, with assessments of outcome‐associated factors and oral anticoagulant (OAC) management quality. Methods. A total of 142 patients given rifampin plus warfarin (n = 56) or DOACs (n = 86) for over 7 days were included, and their clinical data and outcomes were compared. Results. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index and HAS‐BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantly) score of the two groups were 2 and 3, respectively. The incidence rate of composite ischemic or thromboembolic events was 2.16 and 1.44 per 10,000 patient‐days in the warfarin and DOAC groups, respectively, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–7.34). The incidence rate of composite major bleeding or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events was 1.58 and 1.52 per 10,000 patient‐days in the warfarin and DOAC groups, respectively, with an adjusted HR of 1.12 (95% CI 0.32–4.45). The risk of composite bleeding events increased with a higher HAS‐BLED score (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02–2.63). Moreover, 34.3% of warfarin users maintained a percent time in therapeutic range of above 50%. Furthermore, 77.9% of DOAC users received appropriate dosing. Conclusion. No significant differences were observed in terms of the incidence of thrombotic or bleeding events between the two groups during coadministration. In addition, a higher HAS‐BLED score was associated with a greater risk of bleeding events regardless of the class of OACs used. Finally, close monitoring of bleeding events should be considered.
Synthetic Lethal Targeting of CDK12-Deficient Prostate Cancer with PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Chou Jonathan , Robinson Troy M. , Egusa Emily A. , Lodha Roshan , Zhang Meng , Badura Michelle , Mikayelyan Mane , Delavan Henry M. , Swinderman Jason , Wilson Chris , Zhu Jun , Das Rajdeep , Nguyen Minh , Loehr Andrea , Golsorkhi Tony , Simmons Andrew , Abida Wassim , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Arkin Michelle R. , Small Eric J. , Quigley David A. , Yang Lixing , Kim Minkyu , Ashworth Alan , Feng Felix Y.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), CDK12, is mutated or amplified in multiple cancers. We previously described a subtype of prostate cancer characterized predominantly by frameshift, loss-of-function mutations in CDK12. This subtype exhibits aggressive clinical features.

Experimental Design:

Using isogenic prostate cancer models generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of CDK12, we conducted a chemical library screen of ∼1,800 FDA-approved drugs. We inhibited cyclin K and CDK13 and evaluated the effects on PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity. CDK12 truncation and kinase domain mutations were expressed in cell lines to determine the effects on PARPi sensitivity. Mice bearing control and CDK12-mutant prostate tumors were treated with rucaparib. Finally, we evaluated PSA responses in patients with CDK12 mutations treated with rucaparib on the TRITON2 trial.

Results:

Cancer cells lacking CDK12 are more sensitive to PARPi than isogenic wild-type cells, and sensitivity depends on the degree of CDK12 inhibition. Inhibiting cyclin K, but not CDK13, also led to PARPi sensitivity and suppressed homologous recombination. CDK12 truncation mutants remained sensitive to PARPi, whereas kinase domain mutants exhibited intermediate sensitivity. The PARPi rucaparib suppressed tumor growth in mice bearing CDK12-mutated tumors. Finally, 6 of 11 (55%) patients with prostate cancer with biallelic CDK12 mutations had reductions in serum PSA levels when treated with rucaparib on the TRITON2 clinical trial.

Conclusions:

In prostate cancer, sensitivity to PARPi is dependent on the specific type and zygosity of the CDK12 mutation. PARPi monotherapy may have some activity in patients with prostate cancer with biallelic inactivating CDK12 alterations.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Differential Distribution of the DNA-PKcs Inhibitor Peposertib Selectively Radiosensitizes Patient-derived Melanoma Brain Metastasis Xenografts
Authors: Ji Jianxiong , Dragojevic Sonja , Callaghan Cameron M. , Smith Emily J. , Talele Surabhi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Mladek Ann C. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Sarkaria Paige P. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Jang Mi-hyeon , Gupta Shiv K. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Materials and Data show the cell culture and western blot data
Supplementary Figure 2 from Differential Distribution of the DNA-PKcs Inhibitor Peposertib Selectively Radiosensitizes Patient-derived Melanoma Brain Metastasis Xenografts
Authors: Ji Jianxiong , Dragojevic Sonja , Callaghan Cameron M. , Smith Emily J. , Talele Surabhi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Mladek Ann C. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Sarkaria Paige P. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Jang Mi-hyeon , Gupta Shiv K. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N.
Published: September 2024

Supplemental Figure 2 shows bar graph of quantification of cells that have >25 gH2Ax foci per cell in M27 cell line, after treatment with peposertib and radiation
Supplementary Figure 1 from Differential Distribution of the DNA-PKcs Inhibitor Peposertib Selectively Radiosensitizes Patient-derived Melanoma Brain Metastasis Xenografts
Authors: Ji Jianxiong , Dragojevic Sonja , Callaghan Cameron M. , Smith Emily J. , Talele Surabhi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Mladek Ann C. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Sarkaria Paige P. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Jang Mi-hyeon , Gupta Shiv K. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N.
Published: September 2024

Supplemental Figure 1 shows bar graph of quantification of cells that have >25 gH2AX foci per cell in M15 cell line, after treatment with peposertib and radiation
T Cell–Redirecting Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Optimal Dosing Schedule and Duration of Treatment
Authors: van de Donk Niels W.C.J. , Rasche Leo , Sidana Surbhi , Zweegman Sonja , Garfall Alfred L.
Published: September 2024

T cell–redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) induce significant responses in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma. BsAbs are currently administered in a dose-dense manner until disease progression. However, continuous therapy is associated with safety concerns, including a high risk of infections and high costs. In addition, chronic exposure to BsAbs, and thus long-term T-cell stimulation, induces T-cell exhaustion, which may contribute to relapse. There is increasing evidence that the strategy of induction treatment followed by maintenance with longer intervals between BsAb doses, or limited treatment duration with cessation of therapy in patients who achieve deep remission, improves the balance between toxicity and efficacy.

Significance: There is increasing evidence that after initial debulking, less-frequent BsAb administration mitigates T-cell exhaustion and minimizes the potential for chronic or cumulative toxicity while maintaining durable clinical responses. In addition, specific patient subsets may experience an extended treatment-free period following fixed-duration treatment. Fixed-duration treatment may, therefore, decrease cumulative toxicities and the burden on patients and healthcare systems.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Therapeutic Efficacy of IL7/CCL19-Expressing CAR-T Cells in Intractable Solid Tumor Models of Glioblastoma and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ohta Keisuke , Sakoda Yukimi , Adachi Keishi , Shinozaki Taro , Nakajima Masao , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Nagano Hiroaki , Tamada Koji
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure 1. Generation and characterization of anti-EGFRvⅢ CAR-T cells expressing IL-7 and CCL19.
Supplementary Table 5 from Role of Forkhead Box P3 in IFNγ-Mediated PD-L1 Expression and Bladder Cancer Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zhang Hanwei , Ly Ann , Chou Emily , Wang Liang , Zhang Paul , Prado Kris , Gu Yiqian , Pellegrini Matteo , Chin Arnold I.
Published: September 2024

Normalized gene expression of RNA sequencing
Supplementary Figure 4 from Role of Forkhead Box P3 in IFNγ-Mediated PD-L1 Expression and Bladder Cancer Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zhang Hanwei , Ly Ann , Chou Emily , Wang Liang , Zhang Paul , Prado Kris , Gu Yiqian , Pellegrini Matteo , Chin Arnold I.
Published: September 2024

FOXP3 antibodies not sufficient for ChIP Sequencing
Table S9 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Table S9 shows FACT-P Total Scores: Baseline, Cycles 4, 6, and 8
Table S6 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Table S6 shows AEs with Attribution Possible, Probable or Definite to Docetaxel listed by types and grades
Table S3 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Table S3 shows Adverse Events Included in the Co-Primary Endpoint: All Occurrences
Table S16 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Table S16 shows Comparison of F2-Isoprostanes Control and Intervention Changes 60 minutes after Cycle 4
Supplemental Table S1 from Secondary Endpoint Utilization and Publication Rate among Phase III Oncology Trials
Authors: Beck Esther J. , Sherry Alexander D. , Florez Marcus A. , Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Timothy A. , Miller Avital M. , Passy Adina H. , Kupferman Gabrielle S. , Patel Roshal R. , Chino Fumiko , Higbie Victoria Serpas , Parseghian Christine M. , Overman Michael J. , Minsky Bruce D. , Thomas Charles R. , Tang Chad , Msaouel Pavlos , Ludmir Ethan B.
Published: September 2024

Comparison of publication rates by SEP detection method.
Table S14 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Table S14 shows Comparison of F2-Isoprostanes Control and Intervention Changes (post - pre) Immediately after Cycle 4
Supplemental Figure S1 from Secondary Endpoint Utilization and Publication Rate among Phase III Oncology Trials
Authors: Beck Esther J. , Sherry Alexander D. , Florez Marcus A. , Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Timothy A. , Miller Avital M. , Passy Adina H. , Kupferman Gabrielle S. , Patel Roshal R. , Chino Fumiko , Higbie Victoria Serpas , Parseghian Christine M. , Overman Michael J. , Minsky Bruce D. , Thomas Charles R. , Tang Chad , Msaouel Pavlos , Ludmir Ethan B.
Published: September 2024

Structural casual model of the relationship between the number of SEPs, confounding variables, and the percent of SEPs published. Orange represents the exposure of interest (number of SEPs), yellow represents the outcome of interest (percent of SEPs published), and the red arrow indicates the causal path. Green circles indicate confounders, blue circles indicate non-confounding ancestors of the exposure and outcome. Black arrows represent biasing pathway.
Table S12 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Table S12 shows Comparison of FACT-P Change Scores Between Study Arms: Mean Difference Docetaxel + HDVIC Minus Docetaxel + Placebo
Supplementary: Trial Protocol from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Trial Protocol shows the details of the study
Supplementary Methods from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: September 2024

Supplementary methods include study design and participants, outcomes and statistical analysis, FACT-P questionnaire, pharmacokinetics, and F2-Isoprostanes