bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascade classifier for face detection
Authors: Yang Huachun , Wang Xu An
Published: May 2016

Detecting faces in images is a key step in numerous computer vision applications, such as face recognition or facial expression analysis. Automatic face detection is a difficult binary classification problem because of the large face intra-class variability which is due to the important influence of the environmental conditions on the face appearance. We propose a cascade face detection method based on histograms of oriented gradients (HOG), using different kinds of features and classifier to exclude non-face step by step. The candidate feature set was constructed by HOG feature of different grain size; at different stages the support vector machine (SVM) was used as the weak classifier with different parameters. Experimental results showed a better performance compared to the state-of-the-art on Carnegie Mellon University/ Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CMU/MIT) datasets.
Oxidative stress in pregnancy and reproduction
Authors: Duhig Kate , Chappell Lucy C , Shennan Andrew H
Published: May 2016

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of many reproductive complications including infertility, miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and preterm labour. The presence of excess reactive oxygen species can lead to cellular damage of deoxyribonucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Antioxidants protect cells from peroxidation reactions, limiting cellular damage and helping to maintain cellular membrane integrity. There is overwhelming evidence for oxidative stress causing harm in reproduction. However, there is sparse evidence that supplementation with commonly used antioxidants (mostly vitamins C and E) makes any difference in overcoming oxidative stress or reversing disease processes. There may be potential for antioxidant therapy to ameliorate or prevent disease, but this requires a thorough understanding of the mechanism of action and specificity of currently used antioxidants.
Coincidental cerebral venous thrombosis and subarachnoid haemorrhage related to ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm
Authors: Neubauer Claudia , Baumgartner Annette , Mader Irina , Rijntjes Michel , Meckel Stephan
Published: May 2016

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) are rare cerebrovascular pathologies. Here, we report the extremely rare coincidental presentation of both entities and discuss the likely relationship in aetiology and their optimal management. A female patient presented with headache and progressive neurological deficits. Cranial computed tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed dural venous sinus thrombosis, left-sided frontal and parietal infarcts, and left middle and anterior cerebral artery stenosis. In addition, left hemispheric subarachnoid haemosiderosis was seen on MRI. Following standard anticoagulation therapy for CVT, she represented with acute SAH. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm and left middle cerebral artery/anterior cerebral artery vasospasms that were responsive to intra-arterial nimodipine. The latter were already present on the previous MRI, and had most likely prevented the detection of the aneurysm initially. The aneurysm was successfully coil embolised, and the patient improved clinically. Despite this case being an extremely rare coincidence, a ruptured aneurysm should be excluded in the presence of CVT and non-sulcal SAH. A careful consideration of treatment of both pathologies is required, since anticoagulation may have a potentially negative impact on aneurysmal bleeding.
Sterilization techniques for biodegradable scaffolds in tissue engineering applications
Authors: Dai Zheng , Ronholm Jennifer , Tian Yiping , Sethi Benu , Cao Xudong
Published: May 2016

Biodegradable scaffolds have been extensively studied due to their wide applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. However, infections associated with in vivo use of these scaffolds by different microbiological contaminants remain to be a significant challenge. This review focuses on different sterilization techniques including heat, chemical, irradiation, and other novel sterilization techniques for various biodegradable scaffolds. Comparisons of these techniques, including their sterilization mechanisms, post-sterilization effects, and sterilization efficiencies, are discussed.
The ‘radiation vacation’: Parents’ experiences of travelling to have their children’s brain tumours treated with proton beam therapy
Authors: Cockle Sam G , Ogden Jane
Published: May 2016

Proton beam therapy is a new form of radiotherapy. Little is known about patients’ experiences of proton beam therapy and less about parents’ experiences of children receiving treatment. Semi-structured interviews explored 10 parents’ experiences of travelling from the United Kingdom to the United States to have their children’s brain tumours treated with proton beam therapy. Thematic analysis uncovered themes of ‘adjusting to the PBT routine’, ‘finding benefit in the situation’ and ‘readjusting upon returning home’. Parents’ initial worries were elevated by travel, but they found benefit in their experiences, describing them positively. The periods before and after treatment were most difficult, illustrating a cycle from upset to calm, back to upset upon their return home.
Low Levels of Hemoglobin at Admission Are Associated With Increased 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Hip Fracture
Authors: Praetorius Katrine , Madsen Christian M. , Abrahamsen Bo , Jørgensen Henrik L. , Lauritzen Jes B. , Laulund Anne Sofie B.
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

Previous smaller studies suggest that anemia is a risk factor for mortality in patients with hip fracture. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the correlation between hemoglobin at admission with 30-day mortality following a hip fracture in a large-scale study.

Patients and Methods:

From January 1996 to December 2012, all patients with hip fracture (>60 years of age) admitted to Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, were identified from a local hip fracture database. We excluded conservatively treated patients and patients who died preoperatively.

Results:

Seven thousand four hundred twenty-one consecutive patients with hip fracture were identified. Of those 7319 had a hemoglobin measurement on admission and were thus eligible for further analysis. Mean hemoglobin for patients alive at 30 days was 7.6 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.0) and for deceased patients 7.4 (SD: 1.1), P < .0001. Mean age was 82.6 years (SD: 8.5), and 76.5% of the population were female (Nfemales = 5600). The 30-day mortality decreases for every increase in hemoglobin of 1.0 mmol/L in a univariate analysis ( P < .0001). The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for 30-day mortality in patients with anemia (<7.3 mmol/L for females and <8.3 mmol/L for males; Nanemic = 3235) was 1.66 (CI: 1.43-1.91, P < .0001). Adjusting for age, type of fracture, gender, and comorbidities (Charlson score) slightly attenuated the risk estimate (HR: 1.21, CI: 1.03-1.41, P = .02).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates increased 30-day mortality in patients with low hemoglobin at admission, even after adjusting for comorbidities.
Pre- and in-Service Teachers Reading and Discussing Informational Texts
Authors: Deeney Theresa A.
Published: May 2016

This study investigates U.S. elementary (kindergarten-Grade 6, ages 5-12) pre- and in-service teachers’ discussions of informational texts to understand current practices and identify needs with respect to how teachers support students in building knowledge from complex informational text as specified in the grade-level expectations of the Common Core State Standards adopted in many U.S. states. Transcripts and reflections from 17 in-service and 31 pre-service teachers’ informational text discussions were analyzed for teachers’ focus on the text, background knowledge, and text/background knowledge. In addition, transcripts were analyzed for the types of text ideas teachers targeted (details/main ideas), the comprehension demands placed on students, how teachers used follow-up moves to encourage higher level thinking, and how teachers use transcripts of their discussions to analyze and critique their own practice. Findings suggest that both pre- and in-service teachers draw heavily on students’ background knowledge and text details in their questioning; but differences exist in how pre- and in-service teachers use follow-up responses to promote knowledge building. Findings also suggest that both pre- and in-service teachers can use their transcripts to recognize areas of need, and offer themselves suggestions to better support students’ understanding. Implications are offered for teacher education and professional development.
A Documentation of Some Traditional Aspects of Wood Consumption in Anaocha, Nigeria
Authors: Okonkwo Emeka E. , Ukaegbu Maureen O. , Eyisi Afamefuna P.
Published: May 2016

The usefulness of wood to mankind varies from place to place, community to community, state to state, and nation to nation. Wood is a natural product, which is one of the components of biodiversity and a bio-product that serves numerous purposes to mankind. Such multifunctional purposes include those of sociopolitical, economic, religious, and cultural aspects of man. This article examines some traditional aspects of wood consumption in Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria, with a view to ascertaining the uses to which the people put wood as a by-product of the trees around them. In-depth interview, on-the-site observation, and focused group discussion were used to elicit information from knowledgeable elders, artisans, and wood vendors in different towns that make up the local government area. This research brings to limelight aspects of wood consumption in Anaocha and lends credence to the belief that wood is still the major source of revenue and energy in rural areas, probably because it is a free gift of nature. The research findings show that modernization has not completely eroded the value of wood in the study area.
Pedagogy in Slovenia at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Vidmar Tadej
Published: May 2016

Pedagogy in Slovenia gradually won its recognition as an academic science, and therefore obtained improved possibilities for its conceptualization, when the university in Ljubljana was established in 1919. The time between the two world wars was marked with three principal pedagogical concepts: Herbartianism, geisteswissenschaftliche pedagogy, and reform pedagogy. The first of these to be theoretically conceptualized in Slovenia was the geisteswissenschaftliche, or cultural pedagogy. Ideas of reform pedagogy, especially its social-critical movement, interpreted, represented, and defended primarily left-oriented pedagogues and teachers, who were convinced that actual school reform would be possible only after (revolutionary) changes of social conditions. In the first decades of the 20th century, numerous conflicts and disagreements occurred in the process of establishing individual pedagogical currents and orientations in Slovenia. The strongest and most productive polemics were held between geisteswissenschaftliche, or cultural pedagogy, and some currents, or just individual representatives, of reform pedagogy (e.g., theory vs. praxis, old vs. new school). Unfortunately, the postwar Marxist pedagogical concept was highly unfavorable to the prewar orientations and prevented their further development.
Corporate Citizenship Consideration at IMCL: A Case Study
Authors: Mustaghis-ur-Rahman  , Mati-ur-Rahman
Published: May 2016

Indus Motor Company Limited (IMCL)1 was playing a role in helping the underprivileged communities living in the surroundings of it to help them meet health and education challenges since the inception of the company in 1989. It is from the year 2006 that corporate social responsibility (CSR) got a central place among the IMCL’s activities with the provision of 1 per cent of profit before tax (PBT) annually. In the last 5 years, IMCL has contributed ₹ 200 million in CSR activities. Besides, IMCL has been at the forefront on the call of the nation in need. It has been actively engaged in the relief efforts of rehabilitating the sufferers, of the earth quake in 2005, those effected of the war on terror in 2007/2008 and to the survivors of the 2010/2011’s devastating floods in the country. IMCL’s has set unique examples of CSR in the sense that it has planned community development, environment protection measures and research on the road safety, and traffic congestion under its ‘Concern Beyond Cars’ programme in the light of United Nations Global Compact Pakistan Local Network’s (UNGC)2 10 principles. This case study was sponsored by the UNGC. The case deals with the IMCL leader’s concerns which were beyond making cars. The leader of the company chalked out a path for discharging the company’s CSR in non-traditional way by having programmes for Road Traffic Injury Research Project in collaboration with the specialized health and engineering institutions along with other social development projects.
Media Frames and Crisis Events: Understanding the Impact on Corporate Reputations, Responsibility Attributions, and Negative Affect
Authors: Mason Alicia
Published: May 2016

This study aims to grow our current understanding of situational crisis communication theory by expanding on the conceptualization of causal responsibility as the primary mechanism contributing to the cognitive formulation of blame by stakeholder groups. By doing so, this research sought to assess the differential impact of common media frames of crisis events in order to inform organizational crisis communication efforts. A total of 186 students participated in an experimental study from a Midwest university. A series of multivariate analyses of variances were computed to assess the hypotheses advanced in the study. Results indicated that crisis frames can negatively affect organizational reputations. Episodic frames were found to amplify the reputational threat levels in both the victim and accidental clusters. Findings also indicated that when stakeholders perceive the source of the media report as being highly credible, more negative perceptions toward the organizations involved in the crisis were generated. The results help inform the corporate communication response process designed to address the “image” of a crisis as an attribute of consideration, in relation to the framing of the crisis event. Limitations and future directions are offered.
A novel microfluidic assay reveals a key role for protein kinase C δ in regulating human neutrophil–endothelium interaction
Authors: Soroush Fariborz , Zhang Ting , King Devon J , Tang Yuan , Deosarkar Sudhir , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Kilpatrick Laurie E , Kiani Mohammad F
Published: May 2016

A key step in neutrophil-mediated tissue damage is the migration of activated neutrophils across the vascular endothelium. Previously, we identified protein kinase C δ as a critical regulator of neutrophil migration in sepsis but did not identify specific steps in migration. In this study, we used our novel biomimetic microfluidic assay to delineate systematically the mechanism by which protein kinase C δ regulates individual steps in human neutrophil–endothelial interaction during inflammation. The biomimetic microfluidic assay includes a network of vascular channels, produced from in vivo images connected to a tissue compartment through a porous barrier. HUVECs cultured in vascular channels formed a complete lumen under physiologic shear flow. HUVECs were pretreated with TNF-α ± a protein kinase C δ inhibitor, and the tissue compartment was filled with a chemoattractant (fMLP or IL-8). Under physiologic shear flow, the role of protein kinase C δ on spatial and temporal neutrophil adherence/migration was quantified. Protein kinase C δ inhibition significantly reduced neutrophil adhesion in response to fMLP and IL-8 only under low shear rate and near bifurcations. Protein kinase C δ inhibition also decreased adherence to nonactivated HUVECs in response to fMLP or IL-8. Protein kinase C δ inhibition reduced neutrophil migration into the tissue compartment in response to fMLP and to a lesser degree, to IL-8. Antibody-coated microparticles demonstrated that protein kinase C δ inhibition down-regulated E-selectin and ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 expression. With the use of a physiologically relevant in vitro model system, we demonstrate that protein kinase C δ plays an important role in the regulation of neutrophil adherence/migration during inflammation and identifies key steps regulated by protein kinase C δ in neutrophil–endothelial interactions.
Circulating T helper and T regulatory subsets in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis and healthy control subjects
Authors: Pandya Jayesh M , Lundell Anna-Carin , Hallström Magnus , Andersson Kerstin , Nordström Inger , Rudin Anna
Published: May 2016

The pathogenic role and frequency of T cell subtypes in early rheumatoid arthritis are still unclear. We therefore performed a comprehensive analysis of the circulating T cell subtype pattern in patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 26 patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis and from with 18 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. T helper cell types Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th1/17 and nonclassic T helper subsets were defined by flow cytometry based on the expression of chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR6, and CXCR3. Regulatory T cells were defined by expression of CD25+ CD127low and also FOXP3. CXCR5+ cells among regulatory and nonregulatory T cells were defined as T follicular regulatory and T follicular helper cells, respectively. The phenotype of T cell subsets was confirmed by transcription factor and cytokine secretion analyses. Multivariate discriminant analysis showed that patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis were segregated from healthy control subjects based on the circulating T cell subset profile. Among the discriminator subsets, CCR4+CXCR3− (Th2 and Th17), CTLA4+ and FOXP3+ subsets were present in significantly higher frequencies, whereas CCR4− (Th1/Th17, CCR6+CCR4−CXCR3−, and Th1) subsets were present in lower frequencies in patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy control subjects. The proportions of Th2 and Th17 subsets associated positively with each other and negatively with the CXCR3+/interferon γ-secreting subsets (Th1 and Th1/Th17) in patients with untreated rheumatoid arthritis. The proportions of Th2 cells increased with age in patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis and healthy control subjects. The dominance of circulating CCR4+CXCR3– T helper subsets (Th2 and Th17) in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis point toward a pathogenic role of these cells in early stages of the disease.
The protease inhibitor cystatin C down-regulates the release of IL-β and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide activated monocytes
Authors: Gren Susanne Thiesen , Janciauskiene Sabina , Sandeep Salipalli , Jonigk Danny , Kvist Peter Helding , Gerwien Jens Gammeltoft , Håkansson Katarina , Grip Olof
Published: May 2016

Human cystatin C, a member of the cysteine proteinase-inhibitory family, is produced by all nucleated cells and has important roles in regulating natural immunity. Nematode homologs to human cystatin C have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes and to reduce colitis in mice. In Crohn’s disease, pathogenic activated monocytes help drive inflammatory processes via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In particular, tumor necrosis factor-α–producing inflammatory monocytes have a central role in the intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease. We investigated the potential of human cystatin C to regulate pathogenic activated monocytes and its potential as an Immunomodulator in Crohn’s disease. We found that cystatin C significantly decreased the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release and expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in monocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from healthy donors, whereas interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels were unchanged. A similar reduction of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α was also seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with Crohn’s disease, and in particular, tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced in supernatants from lamina propria cell cultures from patients with Crohn’s disease. Further investigation revealed that cystatin C was internalized by monocytes via an active endocytic process, decreased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, and altered surface marker expression. The ability of cystatin C to modulate the cytokine expression of monocytes, together with its protease-inhibitory function, indicates that modulation of the local cystatin C expression could be an option in future Crohn’s disease therapy.
OPA1 processing in cell death and disease – the long and short of it
Authors: MacVicar Thomas , Langer Thomas
Published: May 2016

The regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by the GTPase OPA1, which is located at the inner mitochondrial membrane, is crucial for adapting mitochondrial function and preserving cellular health. OPA1 governs the delicate balance between fusion and fission in the dynamic mitochondrial network. A disturbance of this balance, often observed under stress and pathologic conditions, causes mitochondrial fragmentation and can ultimately result in cell death. As discussed in this Commentary, these morphological changes are regulated by proteolytic processing of OPA1 by the inner-membrane peptidases YME1L (also known as YME1L1) and OMA1. Long, membrane-bound forms of OPA1 are required for mitochondrial fusion, but their processing to short, soluble forms limits fusion and can facilitate mitochondrial fission. Excessive OPA1 processing by the stress-activated protease OMA1 promotes mitochondrial fragmentation and, if persistent, triggers cell death and tissue degeneration in vivo. The prevention of OMA1-mediated OPA1 processing and mitochondrial fragmentation might thus offer exciting therapeutic potential for human diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Kinematics of mouthbrooding inOreochromis niloticus(Cichlidae)
Authors: Van Wassenbergh Sam , Joris Iris , Desclée Mathieu , Liew Hon Jung , De Boeck Gudrun , Adriaens Dominique , Aerts Peter
Published: May 2016

Many species from several different families of fishes perform mouthbrooding, where one of the sexes protects and ventilates the eggs inside the mouth cavity. This ventilation behaviour differs from gill ventilation outside the brooding period, as the normal, small-amplitude suction-pump respiration cycles are alternated with actions including near-simultaneous closed-mouth protrusions and high-amplitude depressions of the hyoid. The latter is called churning, referring to its hypothetical function in moving around and repositioning the eggs by a presumed hydrodynamic effect of the marked shifts in volume along the mouth cavity. We tested the hypothesis that churning causes the eggs located posteriorly in the mouth cavity to move anteriorly away from the gill entrance. This would prevent or clear accumulations of brood at the branchial basket, which would otherwise hinder breathing by the parent. Dual-view videos of female Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) during mouthbrooding showed that churning involves a posterior-to-anterior wave of expansion and compression of the head volume. Flow visualisation with polyethylene microspheres revealed a significant inflow of water entering the gill slits at the zone above the pectoral fin base, followed by a predominantly ventral outflow passing the ventrolaterally flapping branchiostegal membranes. X-ray videos indicated that particularly the brood located close to the gills is moved anteriorly during churning. These data suggest that, in addition to mixing of the brood to aid its oxygenation, an important function of the anterior flow through the gills and buccal cavity during churning is to prevent clogging of the eggs near the gills.
Theoretical Study of the Mechanism for Direct Addition of Hydride to CO2 on Ruthenium Complexes: Nature of Ru–H Bond and Effect of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Sha , Lu Xiaohua
Published: May 2016

In this work, we study the hydrogenation of CO2 via the direct addition of hydride to CO2 on Ru(II) complexes to make clear the influences of two key factors, the nature of Ru–H bond and the effect of hydrogen bonding, on CO2 insertion into the Ru–H bond. The density functional theory calculation results show that: (1) There exist two types of Ru–H bonds. If the Ru–H bond is formed from the mixing of the sd3 hybrid orbital of Ru with the 1s orbital of H, the hydride cannot be directly added to CO2 even with the help of hydrogen bonding. The direct hydride addition to CO2 only can occur for the hydride involved in a Ru–H bond formed from the mixing of the sd2 hybrid orbital of Ru with the 1s orbital of H. (2) For active hydride, hydrogen bonding can facilitate the migration of hydride to CO2. (3) If less d orbital component is involved in the formation of the Ru–H bond on similar complexes, the hydride will be more active. In the light of these laws, the activity of the hydride on a Ru(II) complex might be adjusted by the change of the ligand trans to the hydride.
Strong SOCP Relaxations for the Optimal Power Flow Problem
Authors: Kocuk Burak , Dey Santanu S. , Sun X. Andy
Published: May 2016

This paper proposes three strong second order cone programming (SOCP) relaxations for the AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem. These three relaxations are incomparable to each other and two of them are incomparable to the standard SDP relaxation of OPF. Extensive computational experiments show that these relaxations have numerous advantages over existing convex relaxations in the literature: (i) their solution quality is extremely close to that of the standard SDP relaxation (the best one is within 99.96% of the SDP relaxation on average for all the IEEE test cases) and consistently outperforms previously proposed convex quadratic relaxations of the OPF problem, (ii) the solutions from the strong SOCP relaxations can be directly used as a warm start in a local solver such as IPOPT to obtain a high quality feasible OPF solution, and (iii) in terms of computation times, the strong SOCP relaxations can be solved an order of magnitude faster than the standard SDP relaxation. For example, one of the proposed SOCP relaxations together with IPOPT produces a feasible solution for the largest instance in the IEEE test cases (the 3375-bus system) and also certifies that this solution is within 0.13% of global optimality, all this computed within 157.20 seconds on a modest personal computer. Overall, the proposed strong SOCP relaxations provide a practical approach to obtain feasible OPF solutions with extremely good quality within a time framework that is compatible with the real-time operation in the current industry practice.
On the Convergence Rates of Expected Improvement Methods
Authors: Ryzhov Ilya O.
Published: May 2016

We consider a ranking and selection problem with independent normal observations, and we analyze the asymptotic sampling rates of expected improvement (EI) methods in this setting. Such methods often perform well in practice, but a tractable analysis of their convergence rates is difficult because of the nonlinearity and nonconvexity of the EI calculations. We present new results indicating that, for known sampling noise, variants of EI produce asymptotic simulation allocations that are essentially identical to those chosen by the optimal computing budget allocation (OCBA) methodology, which is known to yield near-optimal asymptotic performance in ranking and selection. This is the first general equivalence result between EI and OCBA, and it provides insight into the good practical performance of EI. We also derive the limiting allocation for EI under unknown sampling variance.
New Formulations for the Conflict Resolution Problem in the Scheduling of Television Commercials
Authors: Giallombardo Giovanni , Jiang Houyuan , Miglionico Giovanna
Published: May 2016

We consider the conflict-resolution problem arising in the allocation of commercial advertisements to television program breaks. Because of the competition-avoidance requirements issued by advertisers, broadcasters aim to allocate any pairs of commercials promoting highly conflicting products to different breaks. Hence, the problem consists of assigning commercials to breaks, subject to time capacity constraints, with the aim of maximizing a total measure of the conflicts among commercials assigned to different breaks.

Since the existing formulation can hardly be solved via exact methods, we introduce three new and efficient (mixed-)integer programming formulations of the problem. Our computational study is based on two sets of test problems, one from the literature and another more challenging data set that we generate. Numerical results show the excellent performance of the proposed formulations in terms of solution quality and computation times, when compared against an existing formulation and an effective heuristic approach. In particular, for the existing data set, all three formulations significantly outperform the existing formulation and heuristic, and moreover, for the new data set, our best formulation outperforms the heuristic on 76% of the test examples in terms of solution quality. We also provide theoretical evidence to demonstrate why some of our new formulations should outperform the existing formulation.
OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS SOCIAIS À LUZ DO PRINCÍPIO DA VEDAÇÃO AO RETROCESSO SOCIAL
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Júlio Thalles
Published: May 2016

O artigo discute o papel dos princípios no ordenamento jurídico nacional, em especial tratando acerca do princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social. Para isto, adota-se o entendimento de que os direitos sociais são direitos fundamentais, incitando a discussão dos fundamentos utilizados para se vedar a alteração ou exclusão de uma legislação infraconstitucional que implemente um direito social já consagrado. A ausência de critérios concretos e justificadores para limitar a efetivação dos direitos sociais pode levar a uma afronta ao princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social, desrespeitando-se, assim, o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Para a elaboração do presente estudo, buscou-se subsídio na pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo adotado, para tanto, o método hipotético-dedutivo.
EL TAEDIUM VITAE DE NORBERTO BOBBIO Y LA ÉTICA MÉDICA
Authors: Pasold Cesar Luiz
Published: May 2016

En los últimos meses de su vida Norberto Bobbio, por entonces viudo hacía 3 años, limitado físicamente, deprimido y solitario, a menudo repetía a los familiares la expresión latina Taedium Vitae, indicando su cansancio de la vida. Al final de 2003, a los 94 años que había cumplido en octubre, fue atacado por una neumonía y sometido a una internación hospitalaria en virtud de su dificultad para respirar, pero luego mejoró y retornó a su hogar. El 7 de enero de 2004 su estado se agravó mucho, y por decisión de su hijo Marco Bobbio, médico cardiólogo, fue deliberadamente dispensado cualquier tratamiento para el prolongamiento de su vida o para abreviar la llegada de su muerte, que ocurrió el 9 de enero de 2004. En el presente artículo se presenta un relato, resumido en ciertos momentos, pero siempre detallado cuando se trata del retrato de la riqueza intelectual que comprueba la fructífera vida intelectual y científica de Norberto Bobbio, cultivando su memoria cuando pasaron ya once años de su fallecimiento. A seguir se abordan aspectos destacados de la Ética en general y de cinco Códigos de Ética en lo que concierne al caso concreto de la decisión de su hijo médico. En las Consideraciones Finales hay una síntesis y estímulos a la continuidad de estudios y reflexión sobre el tema, siempre desde el punto de vista del respeto a la Vida, a la Muerte y a la Dignidad Humana.
Activities for 1030/1090 MHz Spectrum Saturation Alleviation
Authors: Pleninger Stanislav , Strouhal Miloš
Published: May 2016

The paper describes the danger of continuing inevitable growing of transmissions on 1030/1090 MHz RF band and actual efforts for alleviation of RF pollution in the light of development of new technologies.
Practical training for WALTER M601 engine
Authors: Novák Martin , Šlofar Jan
Published: May 2016

This article provides an overview of practical work exercises for the WALTER M601B engine. The work exercises are divided into several sections, each being with description and it is accompanied by diagrams and images. This article explains each section in brief and refers to the thesis titled Practice training for WALTER M601 engine.
Contaminated Runway Operations - Adverse weather
Authors: Procházka Jaromír , Kameník Milan
Published: May 2016

Guidance for operations on contaminated runways requires continual improvement. The aim of this article is to provide such clarity and direction, keeping in mind that contaminated runway operations still requires judgment and decision-making since no procedures will cover all situations.
The Use of Wireless Sensor Network for Increasing Airport Safety
Authors: Kraus Jakub , Němec Vladimír , Fajčík Petr
Published: May 2016

This article deals with the use of wireless sensor networks for increasing safety at airports, respectively for replacing the current monitoring system to ensure safety. The article describes sensor networks and their applications to the identified processes and consideration of financial and safety benefits.
Flight planning and flexible use of airspace in Free route airspace area
Authors: Kodera Martin , Hospodka Jakub , Chleboun Martin
Published: May 2016

The paper summarizes changes in the flight planning caused by the introduction of Free Route Airspace Project and suggests possible measures needed to be adopted across the whole system in order to ensure military and civilian aircraft remain segregated in a way that is today ensured by the system of conditional routes. The paper suggests a possible solution in flight planning using existing flight planning tools provided by the CFMU.
The Testing of MLAT Method Application by means of Usage low-cost ADS-B Receivers
Authors: Pleninger Stanislav
Published: May 2016

The paper describes the process and results achieved during the measurement which was realized with the aim of identify an applicability of MLAT (Multilateration) method by means of using so-called “low-cost” ADS-B receivers. In terms of measurement, ADS-B receivers without GPS time synchronization module was utilized thus specific time synchronization method was required to implement.
The Methodology for Evaluating the Safety of Operations at the Uncontrolled Aerodromes
Authors: Plos Vladimír , Kraus Jakub , Vittek Peter , Duša Tomáš
Published: May 2016

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;" lang="EN-GB">The objective of this methodology is to determine the general procedure for the evaluation of safety indicators for operation at uncontrolled aerodromes. The basis of this assessment is to determine the processes that take place at the aerodrome and finding critical points in these processes. They are determined on the basis of observations at aerodromes and are based on current legislation. The result of applying this methodology to aerodrome operations is the identification of several indicators, which monitoring and the adoption of safety measures can enhance safety at these uncontrolled aerodromes in the Czech Republic.
State Safety Programme and State Safety Plan - Part one – State Safety Programme structure
Authors: Vittek Peter , Stojić Slobodan , Lališ Andrej , Plos Vladimír
Published: May 2016

State Safety Programme and plan are considered the main instruments in safety management. In that matter, this paper focuses on their description and simultaneously tries to clarify a need and significance of their establishment and implementation within respective state. All elements, defined in ICAO doc. 9859 as State Safety Programme (SSP) fundamentals, are separately described. These elements are divided into four groups, further detailed in individual chapters – State Safety Policy and objectives, State Safety Risk management, State safety assurance, State Safety Promotion.
Tracking Unmanned Aerial Vehicle CTU FTS - Application of equipment
Authors: Hůlek David
Published: May 2016

Article which is about the Tracking Unmanned Aerial Vehicle continues in the description of the project development dealing with the utilization of the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). Documentation of the project progresses builds on the previous article. In that article the selection of observation and transmission equipment was summarized. In the article, the reader learns about an installation of the equipment on the UAV (helicopter), about an interconnection of the equipment to create complete and functional system, about testing of the UAV, about the solutions of the problems which came into being during testing and about protection of the equipment against unfavourable effects. The location of equipment on the unmanned vehicle was chosen after a considering of several parameters. These parameters are preservation of the functionality or an influence to the balance. To find out how the added equipment affect the centre of gravity of the UAV the tabular method of the centre of gravity calculation was used. The results of the existing work on the project are location and attaching of the equipment to the unmanned vehicle, balance of the unmanned vehicle, solutions of the problems coming into being during the testing and design of the equipment protection against unfavourable effects.
Runway Inspection by RPAS
Authors: Absolon Stanislav , Hůlek David , Trešlová Hana , Skálová Martina
Published: May 2016

This article discusses the use of the RPAS for the inspection of the airport operating areas. The paper compares the current process of the inspection of the airport operating areas by the airport staff with the possibilities which are offered by the use of the modern technology RPAS. The following text also describes how to inspect airport operating areas by the RPAS, specific technical possibilities and the applicable technical solutions. Furthermore there are variants of piloting the RPAS, comparing usable equipment, equipment for video recording and the possibility of using thermal imaging camera in the article.
Flight Recorders - Alternative Concept for Commercial Aircraft
Authors: Turiak Marek , Novák Sedláčková Alena , Novák Andrej
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with the issue of deployable flight data recorders. It gives an insight into pros and cons of this solution based on experience gained in military application. Advantages of such solution are at least worth considering as they may help reduce the number of accidents and save lives in the first place. And should the accident happen the location and extraction of evidence is much easier.
Modern Communication Devices in the General Aviation Aircraft Maintenance
Authors: Novák Martin , Kameníková Iveta , Podhadský Jan
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to design a software that enables an integration of modern communication devices in the process of general aviation aircraft maintenance. The theoretical part deals with the legislative requirements of both maintenance and management processes for continuing airworthiness. The practical part focusses on software design and automation of the processes. An important part of the article is a chapter about economic evaluation based on the proposal of the solution.
French Approach to IFR Aerodromes
Authors: Kraus Jakub , Burjánková Petra
Published: May 2016

This article focuses on the comparison of equipment requirements for IFR aerodromes across Europe. The aim is to show to the reader that despite the single European, respectively global regulations it is still possible to find significant differences in the rules of individual states. The article describes an analysis executed at the Department of Air Transport.
Collocation method with quintic b-spline method for solving hirota-satsuma coupled KDV equation
Authors: Raslan K. R. , El-Danaf Talaat S. , Ali Khalid K.
Published: May 2016

In the present paper, a numerical method is proposed for the numerical solution of a coupled system of KdV (CKdV) equation with appropriate initial and boundary conditions by using collocation method with quintic B-spline on the uniform mesh points. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable using von-Neumann technique. To test accuracy the error norms, are computed. Three invariants of motion are predestined to determine the preservation properties of the problem, and the numerical scheme leads to careful and active results. Furthermore, interaction of two and three solitary waves is shown. These results show that the technique introduced here is easy to apply. We make linearization for the nonlinear term.
Preparation, characterization of a ceria loaded carbon nanotubes nanocomposites photocatalyst and degradation of azo dye Acid Orange 7
Authors: Wen Tao , Tang Yu-bin , Chen Fang-yan , Mo Bing-yu
Published: May 2016

A ceria loaded carbon nanotubes (CeO2/CNTs) nanocomposites photocatalyst was prepared by chemical precipitation, and the preparation conditions were optimized using an orthogonal experiment method. HR-TEM, XRD, UV-Vis/DRS, TGA and XPS were used to characterize the photocatalyst. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption was employed to determine the BET specific surface area. The results indicated that the photocatalyst has no obvious impurities. CeO2 was dispersed on the carbon nanotubes with a good loading effect and high loading efficiency without agglomeration. The catalyst exhibits a strong ability to absorb light in the ultraviolet region and some ability to absorb light in the visible light region. The CeO2/CNTs nanocomposites photocatalyst was used to degrade azo dye Acid Orange 7 (40 mg/L). The optical decolorization rate was 66.58% after xenon lamp irradiation for 4 h, which is better than that of commercial CeO2 (43.13%). The results suggested that CeO2 loading on CNTs not only enhanced the optical decolorization rate but also accelerated the separation of CeO2/CNTs and water.
Response surface methodology (RSM) and its application for optimization of ammonium ions removal from aqueous solutions by pumice as a natural and low cost adsorbent
Authors: Moradi Masoud , Fazlzadehdavil Mehdi , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Mansouri Yadollah , Khosravi Touba , Sharafi Kiomars
Published: May 2016

This research was conducted to study the adsorption of ammonium ions onto pumice as a natural and low-cost adsorbent. The physico-chemical properties of the pumice granular were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modeling and optimization of a NH4+ sorption process was accomplished by varying four independent parameters (pumice dosage, initial ammonium ion concentration, mixing rate and contact time) using a central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions for maximum removal of NH4+ (70.3%) were found to be 100 g, 20 mg/l, 300 rpm and 180 min, for pumice dosage, initial NH4+ ion concentration, mixing rate and contact time. It was found that the NH4+ adsorption on the pumice granular was dependent on adsorbent dosage and initial ammonium ion concentration. NH4+ was increased due to decrease the initial concentration of NH4 and increase the contact time, mixing rate and amount of adsorbent.
Statistical approach for the estimation of watershed scale nitrate export: a case study from Melen watershed of Turkey
Authors: Akiner Muhammed Ernur , Akkoyunlu Atilla
Published: May 2016

Nutrient pollution such as nitrate (NO3−) can cause water quality degradation in rivers used as a source of drinking water. This situation raises the question of how the nutrients have moved depending on many factors such as land use and anthropogenic sources. Researchers developed several nutrient export coefficient models depending on the aforementioned factors. To this purpose, statistical data including a number of factors such as historical water quality and land use data for the Melen Watershed were used. Nitrate export coefficients are estimates of the total load or mass of nitrate (NO3−) exported from a watershed standardized to unit area and unit time (e.g. kg/km2/day). In this study, nitrate export coefficients for the Melen Watershed were determined using the model that covers the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches. River retention coefficient was determined and introduced into the model as an important variable.
Communication Strategies Used by Physical Education Teachers and Coaches in Residential Schools for the Deaf in the U.S.
Authors: Kurková Petra , Scheetz Nanci A.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine what communication and instructional techniques including coaching strategies were being implemented by coaches and physical education (PE) teachers working in residential or day schools for the deaf throughout the U. S. Further, to share this information with coaches and PE teachers in general education classrooms. Questionnaire was answered electronically from 32 coaches and PE teachers (38 % return rate). Topics in the survey included: a) types of sports/PE classes; b) mode of communication used; c) coaching and teaching techniques; d) coaching and teaching strategies; e) breakdowns in communication; f) advice to new coaches a teachers starting out in the field. Advice for new coaches, who had not previously worked with the individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH), six themes emerged: become fluent in ASL, remember to get the student’s attention before you start signing, use a lot of modelling, role playing, and videos (when needed), keep it simple, stress the fundamentals and insist on repetition until skills are mastered, and be flexible, each player will learn differently. Our results suggest that targeted and adapted communication strategies in PE and physical activities play important role for individuals who are D/HH.
Analysis of Horizontal Displacements Measured over the Mining Operations in Longwall No. 537 at the Girondelle 5 Seam of the Bw Friedrich Heinrich-Rheinland Coal Mine
Authors: Tajduś Krzysztof
Published: May 2016

The article presents an analysis of the horizontal land surface displacements taking place as an effect of coal exploitation on the Girondelle 5 seam in the Friedrich Heinrich-Rheinland mine in Germany. The paper presents changes in displacement vectors measured on the surface following the progress of the exploitation face and an analysis of horizontal displacement measurements assuming that their magnitude is proportional to the profile of subsidence trough slope. Then, the values of horizontal displacement coefficient B are assessed for selected longitudinal and transversal calculation cross-sections of longwall No. 537.