bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfer matrix analysis of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians: asymptotic spectra and topological eigenvalues
Authors: Koekenbier Lars , Schulz-Baldes Hermann
Published: September 2024

Transfer matrix techniques are used to provide a new proof of Widom’s results on the asymptotic spectral theory of finite block Toeplitz matrices. Furthermore, a rigorous treatment of the skin effect, spectral outliers, the generalized Brillouin zone and the bulk-boundary correspondence in such systems is given. This covers chiral Hamiltonians with topological eigenvalues close to zero, but no line-gap.
Queerując (we) flamenco
Authors: Romanowska Jadwiga
Published: September 2024

“A man is supposed to dance manly”, announces the first point of the flamenco ‘decalogue proclaimed in 1951 by one of the most important avant-garde flamenco dancers of the 20th century, Vincente Escudero. These words illustrate the relationship between flamenco and the traditional division of gender roles. Despite being considered the fruit of transcultural hybridisation, flamenco is characterised by a strong conservatism. In this context, flamenco dance is a field of struggle for kinetic identity in which two flamenco visions clash. The first is the traditional one, in which one of the determinants is the division into male and female dance, and the second is the queered one, in which the categories in question are blurred and transformed, ultimately leading to the inclusion of queered flamenco in the space of popular culture. The purpose of this text is to present the problem of redefining gender in contemporary flamenco dance and how its queering practices affect the aforementioned categories, opening up flamenco to the space of popular culture. The author focuses on the choreographer and dancer Manuel Liñan, as well as the pop culture project Queer Flamenco by Ruben Heras and Jero Férec. These artists continue to discuss the binary divisions within flamenco at the level of both gender and sexuality. In doing so, they perform acts of transgression by entering into a dialogue with the aesthetic and kinetic canons of masculinity and femininity that are strongly rooted in flamenco. Queer becomes for them not only a form of constructing their own kinetic identity, but also a sphere for creating inclusive spaces. At the same time, artists such as Heras and Férec incorporate flamenco into the context of popular culture.
Polska literatura young adult z reprezentacją LGBTQ+ w kontekście neoliberalnej asymilacji podmiotów queerowych
Authors: Herman Anouk
Published: September 2024

This article delves into the assimilation of queer subjects within the framework of neoliberalism, focusing on Polish queer young adult literature. Drawing on the theoretical insights of Lisa Duggan, Joanna Bednarek, Derrit Mason and Tyna Fritschy, the study explores the intersection of fanfiction, queer narratives, and the assimilationist strategies prevalent in neoliberal societies. The primary analysis centers around Natalia Osińska’s novel Fanfik, examining how fanfiction serves as a potent source for queer young adult narratives. The article assesses the phenomenon of “coming out” within a neoliberal context, framing it as a tool for assimilating queer subjects into prevailing societal norms.

A crucial aspect of the discussion revolves around the concept of homonormativity, exploring how the neoliberal landscape shapes and reinforces certain normative expectations within the LGBTQ+ community. The study sheds light on the commodification of queer identities through publisher’s predatory marketing practices, scrutinizing the impact on the authenticity and diversity of queer narratives.

The article aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the assimilation processes faced by queer subjects in contemporary Polish society with a specific focus on the role of young adult literature, fanfiction, and the overarching influence of neoliberal ideologies.
Queerowanie romansu, queerowanie romansem. Jak powieści m/m zmienią ramy gatunkowe romansu
Authors: Tuszyńska Justyna
Published: September 2024

The article is an attempt to discuss a new, rapidly evolving literary phenomenon, namely the m/m (male/male) novel. The author poses questions: What traditional genre categories can describe this phenomenon? What narrative tools does this literature apply? How does this novel relate to traditional patriarchal romance? And how does it refer to gay literature and the theory and practice of the LGBTQ+ movement? To answer these questions, the researcher analyzes m/m novels from two perspectives. Firstly, in relation to the “traditional” popular romance, and secondly, in relation to gay literature. In her analysis, the author uses concepts from literary genre studies, memory studies, and queer theory. The article reconstructs the brief history of the genre’s emergence and highlights the change it introduces in popular culture.
Soniczne maszynerie: Window Katharine Norman i Earjobs Johannesa Kreidlera
Authors: Lniak Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

The context of this article is the term sonosphere, which, according to Tomasz Misiak, is one of the three sonic spheres and one that relates directly to the achievements of the musical avant-garde. The article opens with a polemic against the claim that the sonosphere refers exclusively to avant-garde and experimental music (i.e. music that has been institutionalized) but admits that art can conceptually problematise the sonosphere. The author therefore undertakes an interpretation of two works that are themselves reinterpretations of John Cage's concept of silence. The former is Katharine Norman's “Window” piece from the digital literature genre, which uses interface interaction and various sensory stimuli (sound, image, text) to rethink the sonosphere of the home and the relationship between the private and public sonosphere. The latter is Johannes Kreidler's “Earjobs”, in which the composer combines the act of listening to experimental music (such as John Cage’s 4’33”) with hired labor. In doing so, he stimulates a discussion on the meaning of the avant-garde, the act of listening, and the status of the listening subject in the capitalist system, especially when we talk about silence.
Carbon emission prediction and reduction analysis of wastewater treatment plants based on hybrid machine learning models
Authors: Liu Fangqin , Ding Ning , Zheng Guanghua , Xu Jiangrong
Published: September 2024

Accurate accounting and prediction of carbon emissions from sewage treatment plants is the basis for exploring low-carbon sewage treatment plants and measures to reduce pollution and carbon emissions. This study proposes a hybrid prediction framework based on machine learning, which integrates multiple algorithms and has strong adaptability and generalization ability. The prediction framework uses Pearson correlation coefficient to select feature values, constructs a combined prediction model based on the selected features using support vector machine (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN), and optimizes the SVR model parameters and structure using Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The results show that the model has stronger prediction performance compared with other prediction models, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.49% and an R2 of 0.9926. In addition, this study establishes six future development scenarios based on historical data trends and policy outlines, which provide recommendations for the development of carbon emission reduction measures for wastewater treatment plants. This study can provide a reference for exploring efficient carbon management and achieving carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment plants.
Assessment of immune status markers during occupational lead exposure
Authors: Kuzmina L. P. , Khotuleva A. G. , Tsidilkovskaya E. S. , Kolyaskina M. M.
Published: September 2024

The immune system is sensitive to the effects of environmental factors, and according to numerous studies, lead has an immunotoxic effect. At the same time, there is evidence of the multidirectional nature of the impact of lead on the immune system, determined by the degree of exposure to this heavy metal, which makes it current to study changes in immunological markers in workers of a modern lead recycling plant, taking into account levels and complexity of exposure. In the era of personalized medicine, monitoring the potential influence of occupational factors exposure on the immune system can facilitate a personalized approach to the prevention of work-related health conditions. The aim of the study: to evaluate changes in immune status markers among employees of lead recycling plant. The main group – 62 men working at a lead recycling plant, the control group – 47 men not exposed to occupational factors. Laboratory examination included a determination of the lead blood level, a clinical blood test, the serum levels of IL- 1â, IL- 10, IL- 8, MCP-1, C3 and C4 complement components, IgA, IgM, IgG. In the main group, compared to the control group, a higher number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, higher levels of IL-8, C3 and C4 components of the complement system, and lower levels of IgM were detected. In the main group, the following changes in markers were significantly more often detected in comparison with reference values: an increase in the C3 component of complement (51.6% in the main group compared to 12.5% in the control group), decreased IgG (24.2% compared to 6.2%) and increased IgA (22.6% compared to 6.2%). Associations were identified between the lead blood level and the number of lymphocytes, the level of IgG, between work experience in contact with lead and the level of MCP-1 and C3 complement components. The results of the studies revealed the presence of changes in the immune status markers of workers at a lead recycling plant, which demonstrate a proinflammatory effect of lead and an influence on the humoral immune status. The identified changes in immunological parameters may underlie the mechanisms of formation of pathological conditions associated with lead exposure, which determines the relevance of continuing research to assess dynamic changes in immunological parameters and develop a system for monitoring the immune status of workers exposed to lead and its compounds to optimize preventive measures.
Severity of traumatic brain injury governs alterations in type 17 T helper cell subset composition
Authors: Norka A. O. , Vorobyev S. V. , Kuznetsova R. N. , Serebriakova M. K. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Kovalenko S. N. , Monashenko D. N.
Published: September 2024

Immune cell hyperactivation along with cytokines they overproduce plays an important role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). A central place in the immunopathogenesis of TBI is held by diverse cell-mediated reactions governed by T helper (Th) cell populations including Th17 subset. We studied peripheral blood plasma samples of the patients with sarcoidosis (n = 123): group 1 – patients with concussion; group 2 – mild TBI; group 3 – moderate TBI; and group 4 – severe TBI. The control group was samples from healthy volunteers (n = 48). T cell subset composition was assessed by flow cytometry. Within Th central memory cells (Th CM): the level of “double-negative” Th17 (DN Th17) was significantly increased in patients with mild TBI (p = 0.014) and moderate TBI (p = 0.003); the level of “classical” Th17 (p = 0.010) also was significantly increased, but only with severe TBI; the level of “non-classical” Th 17 (Th17.1) were shown to have significantly reduced level only patients with severe TBI (p = 0.008); the level of “double-positive” Th17 (DP Th17) was significantly increased in patients with mild TBI (p = 0.006) and moderate TBI (p = 0.012). Within Th effector memory cells, an increased level of DN Th17 turned out to be significantly increased in all groups (p 0.05) and “classical” Th17 in patients with mild TBI and moderate TBI (р 0,05); the level of Th17.1 was significantly reduced in patients with severe TBI (p = 0.015). The results indicate the active generation of a subpopulation of Th17 cells of both central (Th CM) and effector memory (ThEM), which indicates directed migration of cells in response to TBI. This probably occurs due to the high plasticity of Th17 (changes in phenotype) and functional properties that change depending on the microenvironment into which a particular cell finds itself, which causes the occurrence of reciprocal changes as a response to damage in nervous tissue of different severity.
Experimental model of systemic inflammation during acetaminophen toxicity
Authors: Zudova A. I. , Mukhlynina E. A. , Solomatina L. V.
Published: September 2024

Acetaminophen is one of the most toxic drugs that can cause liver damage. At the same time, acetaminophen-induced liver failure is closely associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. However, there is no drug aimed at suppressing the systemic inflammatory response. That is, this issue needs to be studied experimentally, but a model of systemic inflammation during acetaminophen overdose has not yet been obtained. Therefore, it was decided to develop an experimental model of systemic inflammation during acetaminophen overdose. The purpose of this study was to experimentally substantiate the semi-lethal dose for acetaminophen overdose in C57Bl/6 mice and to evaluate the readings of blood tests after administration of the drug. To determine the semi-lethal dose, male C57Bl/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with “Ifimol” (Unique Pharmaceutical Laboratories, India) or acetaminophen solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) with a concentration of 14 mg/ml in different doses. When introducing “Ifimol”, it was not possible to achieve a semi-lethal dose. When administering a solution of acetaminophen, 50% mortality was recorded at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight. After establishing a semi-lethal dose, the experimental group was administered an acetaminophen solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) with a concentration of 14 mg/ml at a dose of 600 mg/kg. The control group was injected with saline in an equivalent volume. On the second day, liver and peripheral blood samples were taken. Subsequently, hematological and biochemical blood tests and histological analysis were performed. Histological examination revealed centrilobular necrosis and disorganization of the liver structure. According to the biochemical blood test, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine concentration, and the de Ritis coefficient differed statistically significantly (p 0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Among the hematological blood test parameters, there were statistically significant differences in the number of leukocytes, platelets, as well as the absolute and relative content of granulocytes and lymphocytes. Thus, 48 hours after administration of a semi-lethal dose of acetaminophen, there were signs of damage to internal organs (liver, kidneys) and changes in immune system parameters, which are similar to components of systemic inflammation in humans.
The influence of a composition based on exometabolites of Saccharomyces boulardii in relation to the pathogenic and persistent properties of fungi of the genus Candida
Authors: Baryshnikova N. V. , Vaseva E. M. , Sivkova D. S. , Borisenok A. I. , Malishevskaya O. I. , Prikhodko Yu. S. , Nikolenko M. V.
Published: September 2024

Clinical manifestations of mycoses vary widely from mild mucosal damage to severe invasive forms. Currently, the pharmaceutical market offers a wide range of antimycotic drugs, including oral and injectable drugs for systemic and external and local use. Varying degrees of effectiveness are due to the chemical structure and pharmacokinetics. A significant problem is the recurrence of mucosal candidiasis. One of the possible solutions to this problem can be considered the use of exometabolites of bacterial or fungal origin, affecting the morphofunctional structures of fungi of the genus Candida spp. The purpose of the study was to obtain cell-free supernatant of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) and herbal extracts, which are the basis of a composition with a preventive effect against fungi of the genus Candida. The authors proposed a composition based on the exometabolite of S. boulardii and herbal extracts for the prevention of candidiasis. Propylene glycol served as a control. The effectiveness of the composition was assessed on clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei isolated from the vaginal biotope at a dilution of 103-106 CFU/mL. At the first stage, we studied the effect of S. boulardii metabolites on the biological properties of fungi. Next, the fungicidal activity of metabolites and extracts was determined by serial dilution against micromycete isolates. At the final stage, the effect of the composition with the most effective extracts was studied. Under the influence of the supernatant of S. boulardii, micromycetes lost the ability to form growth tubes, and a decrease in the catalase activity of Candida spp. was observed both during carriage and disease. Exometabolites significantly reduced the ability to form film in cultures isolated from patients with vaginal candidiasis. The most effective among the extracts were the extracts of St. John’s wort and coriander. The fungicidal properties of the composition were maintained for 12 hours after co-incubation with all isolates of Candida spp. Thus, the composition is effective against both C. albicans and C. non-albicans carriage and disease.
Protective role of hypoxia-induced factor-1α and HIF-1A gene polymorphism in the development of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Pivovarova L. P. , Ariskina O. B. , Osipova I. V. , Demko A. E. , Ryseva A. A. , Malkova V. M.
Published: September 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute surgical disease of the abdominal cavity that becomes severe in 20-30% of patients and has a mortality rate reaching 25%. Hypoxia that occurs during AP may be associated with the activation of a regulatory protein, hypoxia-inducible factor-1á (HIF-1á), which plays an important role in the body’s response to hypoxia. The HIF-1 transcription factor induces the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, erythropoiesis and cellular metabolism, and maintenance of intracellular pH. The purpose of the work is to study the relationship between HIF-1á blood levels and polymorphism of the HIF-1A gene with the criteria of hypoxia, tissue damage and severity of AP. We examined 93 patients with AP of varying severity on days 1 and 3 of the disease, age 48 (39-67) years. We identified 3 groups of patients: with mild AP – 32 people, moderate – 26 people, or severe – 35 people. The comparison group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers, average age 47 (39-56) years. The HIF-1á levels, the presence of HIF-1A gene polymorphism, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer, S100 protein, clinical blood test, and blood gas composition were assessed. In patients with AP, clinical and laboratory signs of acute inflammation, microcirculation disorders, hypoxia and organ dysfunction were observed. With mild severity of AP on days 1-3 of observation, the HIF-1á level exceeded its content in the comparison group. With moderate and severe AP, the production of HIF-1á as a factor of adaptation to hypoxia decreased. A relationship was found between the HIF-1á level and the severity of AP. In the same patients, the HIF-1A gene polymorphism (1772CT, rs11549465) was studied to identify carriage of the C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes. It was determined that among the patients, patients with С/С predominated, in whom the concentration of HIF-1á was lower than in the group with С/T. Mortality among patients with the C/C genotype and severe AP was 47%. In the group with the C/T genotype, all patients were discharged, including those with severe AP. A relationship was found between HIF-1á blood levels and the marker of tissue damage S100, mixed hypoxia – lactate, and acid-base state – pHt. The results allow us to consider HIF-1A genotypes as potential predictors of the severity of AP.
Effect of tetrapeptides KK1 and KK5 on the immunological parameters of rat spleen during passive smoking
Authors: Smolyagin A. I. , Kolobov A. А. , Kuzmicheva N. A. , Polyakova V. S. , Mikhailova I. V. , Filippova Yu. V. , Miroshnichenko I. V.
Published: September 2024

One of the trends in experimental and clinical immunology is the creation of new immunomodulators aimed at correcting various variants of the pathology of the immune system. Of interest are non-toxic, hormone-free and protease-resistant tetrapeptides, homologue of the of adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment (15- 18). There is little data in the literature on the effect of the above immunomodulators on the immunological parameters of the rat spleen on xenobiotic exposure models, which makes research relevant in this aspect. For the first time, the effect of tetrapeptides with laboratory ciphers KK1 and KK5 on the immunological parameters of the spleen of 36 female Wistar rats with passive smoking was evaluated. The experimental rats were fumigated with tobacco smoke for 8 hours daily for 20 days. Synthetic tetrapeptides were administered intranasally at a dose of 40 micrograms per kg/day, starting from the 10th day of the experiment. It was found that the studied tetrapeptides had a unidirectional positive effect on the immunological parameters of the spleen of experimental animals with passive tobacco smoking. This was expressed in a tendency to restore the pool of cells with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 markers to the level of the control group, as well as spontaneous and induced cytokine production by splenocytes. The shifts in the parameters of the spleen identified in this work may be based on a number of possible causes. Firstly, passive smoke causes a stress response in rats, which is confirmed by previous studies on a similar model, on an increase in the level of stress hormones in the blood serum of Wistar rats. Secondly, the literature data indicate the activation of lipid peroxidation during smoking. Thirdly, it is known that under the action of tobacco smoke toxicants, the lymphoid cell line suffers the most, since their polyhydrooxidized metabolites accumulate in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs, causing hypoplasia of the central and peripheral organs of immunity. A visible sign of this phenomenon is a decrease in the cellularity in the spleen, which is established in this work. Considering that active and passive smoking causes hypoxia and increases lipid peroxidation, the use of tetrapeptides KK1 and KK5 as agents that improve the body’s adaptation to hypoxia and increase resistance to stress damage is justified. Thus, the tetrapeptides KK1 and KK5 have a positive immunomodulatory effect, reducing the toxic stress effects of passive smoking.
Clinical and immunological efficacy of complex therapy for bronchial asthma in children with the inclusion of components of far eastern brown algae
Authors: Suprun S. V. , Suprun E. N. , Telepneva R. S. , Nagovitcina E. B. , Lebedko O. A.
Published: September 2024

Classical basic therapy for asthma is aimed at stopping inflammation, primarily atopic, and has achieved significant positive results in the treatment of the disease, which has led to a decrease in the severity of asthma. The proportion of patients in whom asthma control is achieved does not exceed 30%; complete control is achieved in 5%, that is associated with the influence non-atopic factors on the pathogenesis of BA, leading to the search for additional methods of correction. Despite the identified biological, immunomodulatory properties of the components of brown algae, the mechanisms of their action, in asthma, are not sufficiently illuminated, which became the purpose of this study: to determine the possible immunomodulatory effect of a functional food product in children with asthma based on brown algae (Far Eastern kelp) and its use in addition to standard therapy to improve control of the course of this disease. Children with asthma (n = 56) aged from 5 to 17 years were comprehensively examined and divided into 2 groups: those who received a functional food product in addition to standard therapy (n = 20) and those who received only standard therapy (n = 36). Laboratory tests included CBC, immunogram, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL- 10, IL-18, TNFá), blood ICC MPM, and herpesvirus DNA. Against the background of complex treatment, changes in the interleukin profile (IL-6, IL-10, IL-18) were noted, characteristic of a decrease in the intensity of inflammatory processes, including nonspecific ones, expressed in a tendency towards a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes, an increase in the immunoregulatory index both due to an increase in the number of T helper cells and and reduction of killer T cells. This was confirmed by a decrease in monocytes and ESR. Improved energy supply of immunocompetent blood cells (granulocytes and monocytes), a decrease in the number of patients with active replication of EBV and herpes virus type 6 indicate its immunomodulatory effect. The result of these changes was the positive clinical dynamics of asthma control indicators, which allows us to recommend the inclusion of a functional food product based on Far Eastern brown algae in addition to standard therapy for children with asthma aged 5-17 years.
Leukocyte indices in dogs with acquired primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Kozitsyna A. I. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Bakhta A. A.
Published: September 2024

According to global statistics, hypothyroidism in dogs is a widespread disease. However, due to certain difficulties in conducting laboratory diagnostics, as well as the cross-species specificity of such indicators as thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin autoantibodies, prompt diagnosis and differentiation of hypothyroidism in dogs in the practice of a veterinarian is difficult. Thus, it is relevant to search for secondary auxiliary methods of diagnosis and detection of hypothyroidism in dogs based on a set of indicators and diagnostic coefficients-indices. Since hypothyroidism causes an immune system malfunction, such indicators may be leukocyte indices characterizing indicators of nonspecific cellular immunity and the organism reactivity.
The purpose of the presented study was to evaluate the leukocyte indices of dogs with primary acquired hypothyroidism for further use in order to facilitate the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in dogs, as well as to study the formation of an immune response in different animal species, followed by its possible use in experimental studies of the influence of various factors on the nonspecific cellular immunity of animals and humans.
The blood leukogram parameters of 15 dogs with established primary hypothyroidism were evaluated before the start of replacement therapy and compared with similar leukogram parameters of clinically healthy dogs (n = 19).
There was a significant increase in the leukocyte intoxication index (p ≤ 0.05), the leukocyte shift index (p ≤ 0.1), the nuclear index of G. D. Dashtayants (p ≤ 0.05) in the group of hypothyroid dogs compared with the group of healthy dogs (n = 19).
An increase in the leukocyte intoxication index may indicate the development of inflammatory processes and an increase in the degree of endogenous intoxication of the body. An increase in shift index in the blood of sick dogs may indicate active inflammatory processes, as well as a decrease in the degree of immunological reactivity in hypothyroidism. The increase of nuclear index of G. D. Dashtayants characterizes an elevation in the rate of regeneration of neutrophils and monocytes and an increase in the duration of circulation of these types of leukocytes in the bloodstream. This, in turn, indicates a chronic process. Thus, when detecting a simultaneous increase in the blood of a dog of such leukocyte indices as mentioned above, attention should be paid and included in the list of possible differential or concomitant diagnoses of hypothyroidism. In the future, the study is planned to expand with an increase in the sample of animals, record and analysis of individual physiological conditions and breed characteristics, as well as dietary characteristics, correlation with the severity of the condition, analysis of life expectancy and survival.
Allergy mapping in children with allergic rhinitis in different subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pugoeva Kh. B. , Maksimova A. V. , Migacheva N. B. , Uskova T. R. , Tataurschikova N. S.
Published: September 2024

Given the climatic and geographical location and differences in the change of seasons in the Russian Federation, there is a marked heterogeneity in the representation of respiratory allergens. Obviously, in the case of double or triple sensitization, the diagnosis of its true picture is a difficult task. In such cases, allergy-component analysis is an extremely necessary stage of allergological examination. Purpose of the study: to assess the sensitization spectrum of AR patients in the age group from 3 to 17 years inclusive, living in different regions of the Russian Federation. Comparative analysis of differences in the sensitization spectrum of AR patients in the Republic of Ingushetia in different age groups.
The study involved 47 patients, 36 of them were children under 18 years of age: Moscow n = 9 (Central Federal District), Samara n = 8 (Volga Federal District), Magas n = 19 (North Caucasus Federal District, Republic of Ingushetia). Also, 11 patients aged 18 years and older from Magas city took part in the study. The results obtained by ImmunoCAP ISAC and ALEX2 immune solid-phase allergy test were analyzed. The numerical values of the main respiratory allergens were evaluated, in patients with clinical signs of AR in the period from 01.01.2023 to 27.01.2024. The diagnosis of AR was made according to generally accepted criteria for diagnosis.
The main causative factor of AR formation is the major allergen of birch pollen (Bet v1). However, for the Central Federal District, heterogeneity of representation in the group of buciferous trees was noted, which should be taken into account when planning allergen-specific immunotherapy. The spectrum of sensitization of children with AR in the North Caucasian Federal District (Magas) differs significantly from the Central and Volga Federal Districts, where the main major allergen of Amb a 1 ragweed pollen forms the etiological basis of AR formation. When comparing patients with AR of different age groups from Magas city, no differences in the sensitization spectrum were found.
The results indicate a high degree of importance of allergy-component diagnostics to improve the effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Phenotypic heterogeneity of the B lymphocyte population in the context of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans of modern wars
Authors: Pashnin S. L. , Davydova E. V,
Published: September 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder in combat veterans has certain characteristics common to combatants. B lymphocytes may aggravate neurocognitive impairment by demonstrating a significant proinflammatory tendency through the production of immunoglobulins and a number of proinflammatory factors. Objective: to study the phenotypic heterogeneity of B lymphocyte subpopulations in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Studies were conducted in a cohort of veterans of the special military operation in Ukraine (SVO), including 26 combatants with clinically verified PTSD who made up the main (1) group, and 30 veterans were included in the comparison group (2). The diagnosis was verified on the basis of neuropsychological and pathopsychological examination. Determination of IL-10 levels (pg/mL) using a multiplex analysis on a Luminex Magpix 100 immunoanalyzer (USA) using the Bio-Plex multiplex analysis test system (MERZ, Germany) was performed. Gating of the B lymphocyte population was performed on a Navios flow cytofluorimeter (Beckman Coulter, USA) using a standardized technology for assessing the lymphocyte component of immunity.
In the group of SVO veterans with PTSD, we showed an increase in blood cells with the CD45+CD3-CD19+CD5+ phenotype in comparison with the indicators of groups 2 and 3. B lymphocytes expressing the CD5+ marker are found in various human tissues and can also produce autoantibodies. Analysis of subpopulations of B lymphocytes with markers of memory cells showed a significant decrease in the blood of SVO veterans in the total number of memory B lymphocytes (CD45+CD3-CD19+CD27+), against the background of an increase in the concentration of cells positive for CD5 and CD27 with the phenotype CD45+CD3-CD19 +CD5+CD27+CD27+. B cells play a critical role in the mechanisms of intercellular interaction.
The phenotypic diversity of B lymphocyte subpopulations that we have established in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by an increase in the circulation of B lymphocytes with CD5 and CD27 molecules, against the background of a general decrease in memory B cells. This indicates a possible autoimmune orientation of neuroinflammatory processes in the brain, associated both with a stress-induced increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and with the need to control excessive activation of immunocompetent cells.
Features of diagnostics and therapy of familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Kalyagin A. N. , Stelmakh Yu. L. , Antipova O. V. , Menshikova L. V. , Orlova G. M. , Sinkova G. M. , Sinkov A. V. , Ryzhkova O. V. , Kozlova N. M. , Balabina N. M.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this work is to attempt to provide an overview of current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever, as well as to present our own clinical observation of this pathology.
A selective analysis of the literature over the past 5 years (2020-2024) was carried out in the scientometric databases PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and the Russian Science Citation Index (www.elibrary.ru).
Current data on the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever are reviewed. It is important to understand the fact that this pathological condition can be combined with a wide range of autoimmune diseases. The lack of therapy is dangerous for the development of serious complications (systemic amyloidosis). Attention is drawn to the use of colchicine, as well as in the case of colchicine resistance and insufficient effectiveness of colchicine – IL-1 inhibitors. We present our own clinical observation of this disease with an emphasis on the features of the course and stages of therapy for this pathology. A young man, Armenian, was treated for 3 years due to acute conditions with an increase in body temperature to febrile levels, severe abdominal pain and moderate arthralgia. The conditions were accompanied by leukocytosis and increased CRP, but no signs of acute surgical disease were detected. After a molecular genetic study, the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever was verified. Colchicine was prescribed, which helped stop many manifestations of the disease; she has been taking it regularly for 5 years. Currently, episodes of exacerbations have become significantly less frequent, laboratory markers of acute inflammation have normalized, but the use of colchicine in the maximum daily dose causes abdominal discomfort. Rare episodes of exacerbations during treatment suggest insufficient effectiveness of this drug. An option to achieve results in such a situation is to use a class of genetically engineered biological drugs such as IL-1 inhibitors.
Familial Mediterranean fever is a rare pathological condition, but doctors of various clinical specialties should be wary of its detection. Achieving treatment success requires constant monitoring of the patient’s condition, prescribing therapy with colchicine or IL-1 inhibitors from the moment of diagnosis.
Immunogram dynamics of students under the influence of dosed physical activity
Authors: Kolupaev V. А. , Zurochka V. A. , Sashenkov S. L. , Kotova N. V.
Published: September 2024

Analysis of the dynamics of the state of blood leukocytes in muscular activity is relevant due to the development of methods of differentiation and assessment of the state of these cells. The purpose of the study is to study the dynamics of the phagocytic and NBT activity of neutrophils, as well as the content of CD lymphocytes of peripheral blood in students when moving on a treadmill. For students 18-20 years old involved in athletics (3 boys and 4 girls), blood was taken from the ulnar vein before and after a 15-minute jog, as well as after a 15-minute run of moderate intensity. The average level of physical performance of the examined PWC170 was 16.25±2.21 kGm/min/kg. Assessment of phagocytosis and NBT activity of neutrophils and determination of blood CD lymphocytes by immunophenotyping were performed using flow cytometry. It was found that in girls at rest, the relative content of lymphocytes and NK cells was significantly lower, and the level of induced NBT activity of neutrophils and the relative content of CD4-CD8- and CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher than in boys. At the same time, the dynamics of the leukogram parameters examined during the dosed physical activity fully corresponded to the development of the lymphocytic phase of myogenic leukocytosis. With an increase in the power of repeated exercise against the background of a general increase in the number of phagocytic neutrophils, the balance of spontaneous NBT-positive and reserve potentially active neutrophils significantly increased relative to the content of NBT-negative cells in the induced test. At the same time, the level of neutrocytes in girls was significantly higher, causing a higher level of phagocyte count and absolute content of NBT-positive neutrophils in a spontaneous and induced test. At the same time, against the background of an increase in the absolute content of CD4-CD8- and TNK lymphocytes, a statistically significant increase in the relative and absolute content of NK cells was observed. In contrast to the boys after the 2nd physical exercise, the relative and absolute content of NK cells, as well as the increase in the percentage of HBT-positive cells in the induced test, were significantly higher.
Immune status of students with different levels of physical activity
Authors: Zaitseva I. P. , Zaitsev O. N. , Romanov V. A. , Semechkin N. V.
Published: September 2024

The nature of changes in the immune system during physical work is a complex process involving many different mechanisms. Research in this direction is an urgent problem. The purpose of the research was to study the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in students with different levels of physical activity. A total of 77 male students were examined, consisting of 3 groups: 1) with a low level of physical activity (n = 32) – students who were not involved in sports activities on a regular basis; 2) students with an average level of physical activity (n = 22) – beginner sambo wrestlers without sports categories; and 3) students with a high level of physical activity (n = 23) – highly qualified sambo wrestlers – first-class athletes, candidates for masters and masters of sports. In students of all groups, the quantitative content of various phenotypes of lymphocytes in the blood was studied by flow cytometry; serum immunoglobulin levels by laser nephelometry; phagocytic parameters by traditional methods; and oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils by chemiluminescence. In students with a high level of physical activity, the content of T and B lymphocytes in the blood was significantly increased compared to similar indicators of the group with a low level of physical activity and the group of students who did not participate in sports. The concentration of class G immunoglobulin in the blood serum of students with a high level of physical activity significantly exceeded the corresponding values in students with an average level and students not engaged in sports. The highest concentration of class M immunoglobulin was observed in students with high levels of physical activity. Phagocytic activity and phagocytic count in individuals with high levels of physical activity and neutrophils were significantly higher than those of students with medium and low levels of physical activity. The rates of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence in the groups with high and medium levels of physical activity were significantly higher than in students with low levels. The studies carried out indicate the positive effect of regular training physical activity on the factors of humoral and cellular links of immunity in students in the conditions of the educational environment of a higher educational institution.
The role of immune factors in the development of preterm birth
Authors: Levkovich M. A. , Krukier I. I. , Avrutskaya V. V. , Ermolova N. V. , Kravchenko L. V.
Published: September 2024

Preterm birth (PB) carries a high risk of developing neuropsychological development disorders, cognitive and somatic problems in the child. The maternal immune system plays a critical role in maintaining a physiological pregnancy. However, specific mechanisms and disorders of pregnancy development have been little studied. There is a lack of research on the role of immune competent cell (ICC) activation in preterm labor leading to uterine contractility. Understanding the importance of immune system factors in the formation of preterm birth may allow the development of strategies to prolong pregnancy and, thus, lead to improved perinatal outcomes. The purpose of the work is to study the role of immune factors in the development of preterm birth. Seventy pregnant women in the third trimester with recurrent miscarriage (RPL) and 25 healthy pregnant women (control group) were examined. Observed pregnant women with RPL were divided into two groups: Group I – patients who gave birth prematurely (n = 30); and Group II – patients who gave birth at term (n = 40). The population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied by cytofluorimetry using monoclonal antibodies to: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19 (JSC "Sorbent", Russia) (FITC), CD11b (Beckman Coulter, USA); CD14, CD25, CD69, CD71, CD28, CD107a, HLA-DR (Beckman Coulter, USA) (PE). To create a database and conduct statistical research, the capabilities of an Excel spreadsheet and application packages (Megastat and Statistica 6.0) were used. When determining statistical significance between the study groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used for independent groups and the Wilcoxon test for dependent groups.
Modulation of the number and functional activity of ICC in patients with RPL had a significant correlation with pregnancy outcome. Inadequate activation of the immune system is a factor that can lead to miscarriage. Termination of pregnancy before term is associated with subpopulation shifts, increased activation potencies of immunocompetent cells compared to full-term birth, which is an important feature of the inflammatory response. The identified immune changes will allow the development of early prevention methods and new approaches to the treatment of this pregnancy complication.
WNT signaling pathway and its connection with metabolic disorders: The role of DVL-1 and WIF-1
Authors: Snimshchikova I. A. , Plotnikova M. O. , Kulakova A. S. , Yakushkina N. Yu.
Published: September 2024

Obesity has been a global health problem over the past decades. The search for new ways in the fight against overweight and obesity leads to a deeper understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this condition, and with each new study, the understanding of the problem expands first of all from the immunological approach. Despite the active study of the WNT signaling system in recent years, the available literature contains a small number of studies devoted to determining the components of this signaling pathway in the blood serum of obese people, and virtually no studies on WIF-1 and DVL-1. Purpose of the work: to study DVL-1 and WIF-1 in the blood serum of overweight and obese individuals. Patients (n = 210, aged 19 to 65) were examined, divided into 4 groups: I – people with normal body weight, II – patients with excess body weight; III – patients with metabolically healthy obesity, and IV – patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity using general clinical and immunological research methods. The study obtained data on the concentrations of DVL-1 and WIF-1 in the blood serum of patients with overweight, metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity, and described the correlation between these proteins of the WNT-signaling pathway and clinical and laboratory parameters. In obese patients, statistically significant changes in the values of the components of the WNT signaling system in the blood serum were detected: an increase in the level of DVL-1, as well as an increase in the level of WIF-1 with an increase in the degree of obesity in metabolically healthy individuals. Correlations between DVL-1 and lipid spectrum indicators; between WIF- 1 with cholesterol profile, leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were revealed. The pathogenesis of obesity is a complex process in which various immunopathological mechanisms, where the WNT signaling pathway plays one of the leading roles. Although some of the effects mediated by DVL-1 and WIF-1 have recently been elucidated, the details of their integration are a missing link that must be further explored for better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of metainflammation in obesity.
Urban Eyes: Deutschsprachige Fotograf*innen im New Yorker Exil in den 1930er- und 1940er-Jahren
Authors: Roth Helene
Published: September 2024

The Place to Be? Mit der Kamera in der Exilmetropole New York Mit dem Machtantritt der Nationalsozialisten etablierte sich New York als Ankunftsstadt für deutschsprachige Fotograf*innen, denen die Flucht aus Europa gelang. Die Fotografie als Medium befand sich zu dieser Zeit in einem Umbruch, unter anderem durch das Bemühen, sie als Kunstform zu etablieren. Die Exilant*innen wiederum brachten unterschiedliche Ausbildungen, Kameratypen und Emigrationsverläufe mit. Manche waren schon professionell tätig gewesen, andere mussten ihre erlernten Berufe aufgeben und erwarben sich autodidaktisch fotografische Kompetenzen. So unterschieden sich auch ihre künstlerischen Strategien im New Yorker Exil. Die Kamera diente als Medium, sich mit der Metropole auseinanderzusetzen, die Emigrationserfahrung zu reflektieren, Netzwerke aufzubauen und schlicht ökonomisch zu überleben. Um die komplexen Zusammenhänge von Fotografie und Exil im Kontext der Metropole New York umfassend zu analysieren, nimmt Helene Roth die kreativen Leistungen und heterogenen Perspektiven, aber auch die Niederlagen und Rückschläge emigrierter Fotograf*innen näher in den Blick. Aus einer transnationalen Sicht betrachtet sie die soziokulturellen, politischen sowie künstlerischen Entwicklungen während der 1930er- und 1940er-Jahre.