bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oscillatory Briggs‐Rauscher Reaction as “Fingerprint” for Bentonite Identification: The Fine‐Tuning of Oscillatory Dynamics with Addition of Clay
Authors: Pagnacco Maja , Maksimović Jelena , Mudrinić Tihana , Banković Predrag , Nedić‐Vasiljević Bojana , Milutinović‐Nikolić Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

The oscillatory Briggs‐Rauscher (BR) reaction was applied on solid insoluble materials i. e. bentonite clays. Under the same BR experimental conditions, the addition of identical masses of bentonite of different origin resulted in different effects on oscillatory time duration (τ): no influence, quenching, or prolongation. It was found that the following bentonite properties: montmorillonite/beidellite ratio; cation exchange capacity; principal exchange cation; extent of iron leaching in acidic environment of BR reaction; and specific surface area of clay were not exclusively responsible for observed behavior. On the other hand, the influence of added mass, for all investigated clays, resulted in the same behavior pattern. The increase of the mass of added clay increased τ up to the certain maximal value (τmax, mmax) characteristic for each clay. Further increase of mass resulted in quenching. Therefore, (τmax, mmax) pair can be regarded as the “fingerprint” characteristic of bentonite useful for identification of its origin. Furthermore, the addition of naturally occurring and non‐toxic clay in an oscillatory reaction can offer a versatile approach to tune the oscillation dynamics of nonlinear chemical systems.
Polymer Coatings to Minimize Protein Adsorption in Solid‐State Nanopores
Authors: Awasthi Saurabh , Sriboonpeng Pongsatorn , Ying Cuifeng , Houghtaling Jared , Shorubalko Ivan , Marion Sanjin , Davis Sebastian James , Sola Laura , Chiari Marcella , Radenovic Aleksandra , Mayer Michael
Published: July 2020

Nanopore‐based resistive‐pulse recordings represent a promising approach for single‐molecule biophysics with applications ranging from rapid DNA and RNA sequencing to “fingerprinting” proteins. Based on advances in fabrication methods, solid‐state nanopores are increasingly providing an alternative to proteinaceous nanopores from living organisms; their widespread adoption is, however, slowed by nonspecific interactions between biomolecules and pore walls, which can cause artifacts and pore clogging. Although efforts to minimize these interactions by tailoring surface chemistry using various physisorbed or chemisorbed coatings have made progress, a straightforward, robust, and effective coating method is needed to improve the robustness of nanopore recordings. Here, covalently attached nanopore surface coatings are prepared from three different polymers using a straightforward “dip and rinse” approach and compared to each other regarding their ability to minimize nonspecific interactions with proteins. It is demonstrated that polymer coatings approach the performance of fluid lipid coatings with respect to minimizing these interactions. Moreover, these polymer coatings enable accurate estimates of the volumes and spheroidal shapes of freely translocating proteins; uncoated or inadequately coated solid‐state pores do not have this capability. In addition, these polymer coatings impart physical and chemical stability and enable efficient and label‐free characterization of single proteins without requiring harsh cleaning protocols between experiments.
Organo Phosphorus‐Sulfur‐Nitrogen Heterocycles from Thionation of Schiff Bases
Authors: Hua Guoxiong , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: July 2020

A series of heteroatom derivatives were prepared from the reactions of amido‐Schiff bases as well as simpler imine with 2,4‐diferrocenyl‐1,3,2,4‐diathiadiphosphetane 2,4‐disulfide (FcLR). Six related structures were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Langzeitkonsequenzen aversiver Kindheitserfahrungen: Auswirkungen auf die Schmerzverarbeitung
Authors: Pfister Susan , Bürgy Vanessa , Wagner En-Young , Schwegler Kyrill , Egloff Niklaus
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Kindliche Stresserfahrungen durch Vernachlässigung, körperliche, psychische oder sexuelle Misshandlung führen oftmals zu nachhaltigen Veränderungen der Schmerzverarbeitung. Klinisch zeigt sich dies unter anderem in einer erhöhten Schmerzempfindlichkeit, einer verstärkten negativ-affektiven Konnotation von Schmerz und letztlich einem erhöhten Risiko für Schmerzerkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter. Dass kindliche Stresserfahrung sich auf das spätere Schmerzverhalten auswirken kann, hat George L. Engel bereits in den 1960er Jahren postuliert. Diese narrative Übersichtsarbeit möchte den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zusammenfassen.
Konsequenzen aversiver Kindheitserfahrungen: Auswirkungen auf das neuroendokrine System
Authors: Bürgy Vanessa , Pfister Susan , Egloff Niklaus , Schwegler Kyrill , Wagner En-Young
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Kindliche Stresserfahrungen durch Vernachlässigung, körperliche, psychische oder sexuelle Misshandlung führen oftmals zu dauerhaften Veränderungen der stressregulatorischen neuroendokrinen Prozessabläufe. Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zeigten bereits vor 20 Jahren, dass das Ausmass der kindlichen Stressoren mit dem Auftreten von diversen somatischen, funktionellen und psychischen Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter korreliert und sich kumulierte Stressoren auch in einer deutlich erniedrigten durchschnittlichen Lebenserwartung widerspiegeln. Dem veränderten stressendokrinen System kommt eine massgebliche Bedeutung hinsichtlich Pathogenese der erwähnten somatischen, funktionellen und psychischen Folgestörungen zu.
Influence of preoperative statins and aspirin administration on biological and magnetic resonance imaging properties in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Sladojevic Milos , Zlatanovic Petar , Stanojevic Zeljka , Koncar Igor , Vidicevic Sasenka , Tasic Jelena , Isakovic Aleksandra , Tomic Ivan , Mutavdzic Perica , Stevanovic Ksenija , Trailovic Ranko , Davidovic Lazar
Published: July 2020

Summary: Background: Main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of statins and/or acetylsalicylic acid on biochemical characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall and intraluminal thrombus (ILT). Patients and methods: Fifty patients with asymptomatic infrarenal AAA were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging on T1w sequence. Relative ILT signal intensity (SI) was determined as a ratio between ILT and psoas muscle SI. Samples containing the full ILT thickness and aneurysm wall were harvested from the anterior surface at the level of the maximal diameter. The concentration of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, MMP2 and neutrophil elastase (NE/ELA) were analyzed in ILT and AAA wall; while collagen type III, elastin and proteoglycan 4 were analyzed in harvested AAA wall. Oxidative stress in the AAA wall was assessed by catalase and malondialdehyde activity in tissue samples. Results: Relative ILT signal intensity (1.09 ± 0.41 vs 0.89 ± 0.21, p = 0.013) were higher in non-statin than in statin group. Patients who were taking aspirin had lower relative ILT area (0.89 ± 0.19 vs 1.13. ± 0.44, p = 0.016), and lower relative ILT signal intensity (0.85 [0.73–1.07] vs 1.01 [0.84–1.19], p = 0.021) compared to non-aspirin group. There were higher concentrations of elastin in AAA wall among patients taking both of aspirin and statins (1.21 [0.77–3.02] vs 0.78 (0.49–1.05) ng/ml, p = 0.044) than in patients who did not take both of these drugs. Conclusions: Relative ILT SI was lower in patients taking statin and aspirin. Combination of antiplatelet therapy and statins was associated with higher elastin concentrations in AAA wall.
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote scarless healing of cutaneous wounds via the AKT-signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Junyao , Zhang Mei , Gao Yang , Qin Xin , Zhang Tianxu , Cui Weitong , Mao Chenchen , Xiao Dexuan , Lin Yunfeng
Published: July 2020

While the skin is considered the first line of defense in the human body, there are some vulnerabilities that render it susceptible to certain threats, which is an issue that is recognized by both patients and doctors. Cutaneous wound healing is a series of complex processes that involve many types of cells, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes. This study showed that tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a type of self-assembled nucleic-acid material, have the ability to promote keratinocyte(HaCaT cell line) and fibroblast(HSF cell line) proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, tFNAs increased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HSF cells and reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in HaCaT cells by activating the AKT-signaling pathway. During in vivo experiments, tFNA treatments accelerated the healing process in skin wounds and decreased the development of scars, compared with the control treatment that did not use tFNAs. This is the first study to demonstrate that nanophase materials with the biological features of nucleic acids accelerate the healing of cutaneous wounds and reduce scarring, which indicates the potential application of tFNAs in skin tissue regeneration.
Efficient electron extraction of SnO2 electron transport layer for lead halide perovskite solar cell
Authors: Kim Junu , Kim Kwang S. , Myung Chang Woo
Published: July 2020

SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) has been spotlighted with its excellent electron extraction and stability over TiO2 ETL for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), rapidly approaching the highest power conversion efficiency. Thus, how to boost the performance of ETL is of utmost importance and of urgent need in developing more efficient PSCs. Here we elucidate the atomistic origin of efficient electron extraction and long stability of SnO2-based PSCs through the analysis of band alignment, carrier injection, and interfacial defects in the SnO2/MAPbI3(MA = CH3NH3+) interface using unprecedentedly high level of first-principles calculations at the PBE0 + spin-orbit-coupling + dispersion-correction level for all possible terminations and MA directions. We find that Sn-s orbital plays a crucial role in carrier injection and defect tolerance. SnO2/MAPbI3 shows favorable conduction band alignments at both MAI- and PbI2-terminations, which makes the solar cell performance of SnO2/MAPbI3 excel that of TiO2/MAPbI3. Different electron transfer mechanisms of dipole interaction and orbital hybridization at the MAI- and PbI2-terminations indicate that post-transition metal (sp valence) oxide ETLs would outperform transition metal (d valence) oxide ETLs for PSCs.
Spatial data of Ixodes ricinus instar abundance and nymph pathogen prevalence, Scandinavia, 2016–2017
Authors: Kjær Lene Jung , Klitgaard Kirstine , Soleng Arnulf , Edgar Kristin Skarsfjord , Lindstedt Heidi Elisabeth H. , Paulsen Katrine M. , Andreassen Åshild Kristine , Korslund Lars , Kjelland Vivian , Slettan Audun , Stuen Snorre , Kjellander Petter , Christensson Madeleine , Teräväinen Malin , Baum Andreas , Jensen Laura Mark , Bødker René
Published: July 2020

Ticks carry pathogens that can cause disease in both animals and humans, and there is a need to monitor the distribution and abundance of ticks and the pathogens they carry to pinpoint potential high risk areas for tick-borne disease transmission. In a joint Scandinavian study, we measured Ixodes ricinus instar abundance at 159 sites in southern Scandinavia in August-September, 2016, and collected 29,440 tick nymphs at 50 of these sites. We additionally measured abundance at 30 sites in August-September, 2017. We tested the 29,440 tick nymphs in pools of 10 in a Fluidigm real-time PCR chip to screen for 17 different tick-associated pathogens, 2 pathogen groups and 3 tick species. We present data on the geolocation, habitat type and instar abundance of the surveyed sites, as well as presence/absence of each pathogen in all analysed pools from the 50 collection sites and individual prevalence for each site. These data can be used alone or in combination with other data for predictive modelling and mapping of high-risk areas.
Degradome, small RNAs and transcriptome sequencing of a high-nicotine cultivated tobacco uncovers miRNA’s function in nicotine biosynthesis
Authors: Jin Jingjing , Xu Yalong , Lu Peng , Chen Qiansi , Liu Pingping , Wang Jinbang , Zhang Jianfeng , Li Zefeng , Yang Aiguo , Li Fengxia , Cao Peijian
Published: July 2020

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is considered as the model plant for alkaloid research, of which nicotine accounts for 90%. Many nicotine biosynthetic genes have been identified and were known to be regulated by jasmonate-responsive transcription factors. As an important regulator in plant physiological processes, whether small RNAs are involved in nicotine biosynthesis is largely unknown. Here, we combine transcriptome, small RNAs and degradome analysis of two native tobacco germplasms YJ1 and ZY100 to investigate small RNA’s function. YJ1 leaves accumulate twofold higher nicotine than ZY100. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3,865 genes which were differently expressed in leaf and root of two germplasms, including some known nicotine and jasmonate pathway genes. By small RNA sequencing, 193 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between YJ1 and ZY100. Using in silico and degradome sequencing approaches, six nicotine biosynthetic genes and seven jasmonate pathway genes were predicted to be targeted by 77 miRNA loci. Three pairs among them were validated by transient expression in vivo. Combined analysis of degradome and transcriptome datasets revealed 51 novel miRNA-mRNA interactions that may regulate nicotine biosynthesis. The comprehensive analysis of our study may provide new insights into the regulatory network of nicotine biosynthesis.
The physical significance of acoustic parameters and its clinical significance of dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Shu , Wang Fengbo , Yang Liqiong , Xu Fan , Luo Man , Chen Xiaqing , Feng Xixi , Zou Xianwei
Published: July 2020

Dysarthria is universal in Parkinson’s disease (PD) during disease progression; however, the quality of vocalization changes is often ignored. Furthermore, the role of changes in the acoustic parameters of phonation in PD patients remains unclear. We recruited 35 PD patients and 26 healthy controls to perform single, double, and multiple syllable tests. A logistic regression was performed to differentiate between protective and risk factors among the acoustic parameters. The results indicated that the mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration of speech and median intensity of speaking for the PD patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls. These results reveal some promising indicators of dysarthric symptoms consisting of acoustic parameters, and they strengthen our understanding about the significance of changes in phonation by PD patients, which may accelerate the discovery of novel PD biomarkers.
Two-dimensional square lattice polonium stabilized by the spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Ono Shota
Published: July 2020

Polonium is known as the only simple metal that has the simple cubic (SC) lattice in three dimension. There is a debate about whether the stabilized SC structure is attributed to the scalar relativistic effect or the spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Here, we study another phase, two-dimensional (2D) polonium (poloniumene), by performing density-functional theory calculations. We show that the 2D polonium has the square lattice structure as its ground state and demonstrate that the SOC (beyond the scalar relativistic approximation) suppresses the Peierls instability and is necessary to obtain no imaginary phonon frequencies over the Brillouin zone.
Publisher Correction: The Effects of Extreme Weather on Apple Quality
Authors: Dalhaus Tobias , Schlenker Wolfram , Blanke Michael M. , Bravin Esther , Finger Robert
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Genome-wide diversity and global migration patterns in dromedaries follow ancient caravan routes
Authors: Lado Sara , Elbers Jean Pierre , Doskocil Angela , Scaglione Davide , Trucchi Emiliano , Banabazi Mohammad Hossein , Almathen Faisal , Saitou Naruya , Ciani Elena , Burger Pamela Anna
Published: July 2020

Dromedaries have been essential for the prosperity of civilizations in arid environments and the dispersal of humans, goods and cultures along ancient, cross-continental trading routes. With increasing desertification their importance as livestock species is rising rapidly, but little is known about their genome-wide diversity and demographic history. As previous studies using few nuclear markers found weak phylogeographic structure, here we detected fine-scale population differentiation in dromedaries across Asia and Africa by adopting a genome-wide approach. Global patterns of effective migration rates revealed pathways of dispersal after domestication, following historic caravan routes like the Silk and Incense Roads. Our results show that a Pleistocene bottleneck and Medieval expansions during the rise of the Ottoman empire have shaped genome-wide diversity in modern dromedaries. By understanding subtle population structure we recognize the value of small, locally adapted populations and appeal for securing genomic diversity for a sustainable utilization of this key desert species.
Antibacterial activity of a dual peptide targeting the Escherichia coli sliding clamp and the ribosome
Authors: André Christophe , Veillard Florian , Wolff Philippe , Lobstein Anne-Marie , Compain Guillaume , Monsarrat Clément , Reichhart Jean-Marc , Noûs Camille , Burnouf Dominique Y. , Guichard Gilles , Wagner Jérôme E.
Published: July 2020

Bifunctional peptides targeting both the translation and the replication machineries have been developed and shown to act as new antimicrobials.
Triggered micropore-forming bioprinting of porous viscoelastic hydrogels
Authors: Bao Guangyu , Jiang Tao , Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Reyes Alicia , Ma Zhenwei , Strong Mitchell , Wang Huijie , Kinsella Joseph M. , Li Jianyu , Mongeau Luc
Published: July 2020

This work reports a novel approach to 3D-bioprint hierarchical cell-laden scaffolds with an unprecedented combination of porous and viscoelastic properties.
Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks as theranostic platforms for oncotherapy: synthesis, functionalization, and applications
Authors: Guan Qun , Wang Guang-Bo , Zhou Le-Le , Li Wen-Yan , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: July 2020

We outline the latest developments in COF-based nanomedicines for use in oncotherapy, including material synthesis, nanocrystallization, and functionalization strategies, as well as their therapeutics applications.
Reinforcing the surface conductivity and stability of primary particles for high-performance Li-rich layered Li1.18Mn0.52Co0.15Ni0.15O2via an integrated strategy
Authors: Liu Xianghuan , Wang Zhenyao , Zhuang Weidong , Li Zhao , Li Wenjin , Ban Liqing , Gao Min , Lu Shigang
Published: July 2020

A novel integrated Li3PO4 and spinel layer on primary particles surface was constructed by a facile synchronous route. It acts as a protective layer and a 3D Li+ diffusion network, leading to a superior structural stability and rate capability.
Synthesis of an unusual hexasaccharide repeating unit from the cell wall polysaccharide of Eubacterium saburreum strain T19
Authors: Pan Xing-Ling , Huang Lei , Zeng Yan , Xu Chun-Yun , Liu Dong-Mei , Chu Yue , Qin Yong , Yang Jin-Song
Published: July 2020

Eubacterium saburreum is one of the human oral pathogens and has been proved to play a significant role in the development of periodontal diseases.
Correction: A novel biocompatible, simvastatin-loaded, bone-targeting lipid nanocarrier for treating osteoporosis more effectively
Authors: Tao Shan , Chen Shao-qing , Zhou Wen-tao , Yu Fang-ying , Bao Lu , Qiu Guo-xi , Qiao Qing , Hu Fu-qiang , Wang Jian-wei , Yuan Hong
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘A novel biocompatible, simvastatin-loaded, bone-targeting lipid nanocarrier for treating osteoporosis more effectively’ by Shan Tao et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 20445–20459, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA00685H.
48-jähriger Triathlet mit schwerer COVID-19-Pneumonie: erfolgreiche und sichere Behandlung mit Sauerstoff und CPAP
Authors: Stais P. , Salloum O. , Kühle D. , Fisteag S. , Kambartel K. , Veelken D. , Ewig S. , Voshaar T.
Published: July 2020

Wir präsentieren den Fall eines 48-jährigen Patienten und Triathleten mit einer schweren COVID-19- und beidseitiger ausgedehnter Pneumonie. Der Patient präsentierte sich an Tag 7 seit Symptombeginn mit Fieber, Husten, Gliederschmerzen, progredienter Dyspnoe sowie einer schweren hypoxämischen Insuffizienz (PaO2 49,9 mmHg, PaCO2 35,7 mmHg, Horovitz-Index 130). In der CT des Thorax zeigten sich ausgedehnte beidseitige Milchglasinfiltrate. Formal waren die Kriterien eines ARDS nach Berlin-Definition erfüllt.

Es erfolgte entlang eines vorbestehenden definierten Behandlungskonzeptes zunächst eine Therapie mit Sauerstoff und nach zwischenzeitlicher Verschlechterung eine CPAP-Behandlung. Der Patient stabilisierte sich und konnte nach 12 Tagen stationärer Behandlung mit einer Normoxämie unter Raumluft entlassen werden. Belastbarkeit, Lungenfunktion und die CT des Thorax waren bei einer Nachuntersuchung 6 Wochen nach der Entlassung wieder normal.

Dieser Fall zeigt, dass auch bei einer schweren Hypoxämie infolge einer beidseitigen COVID-19 Pneumonie eine invasive Beatmung erfolgreich vermieden werden kann.
Effects of the Electron-Deficient Third Components in n-Type Terpolymers on Morphology and Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Bin , Sun Huiliang , Koh Chang Woo , Su Mengyao , Tu Bao , Tang Yumin , Liao Qiaogan , Wang Junwei , Yang Wanli , Meng Hong , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang
Published: July 2020

Compared with p-type terpolymers, less effort has been devoted to n-type analogs. Herein, we synthesized a series of n-type terpolymers via incorporating three electron-deficient third components including thienopyrroledione (TPD), phthalimide, and benzothiadiazole into an imide-functionalized parent n-type copolymer to tune optoelectronic properties without sacrificing the n-type characteristics. Due to effects of the third components with different electron-accepting ability and solubility, the resulting three polymers feature distinct energy levels and crystallinity. In addition, heteroatoms (S, O, and N) attached on the third components trigger intramolecular noncovalent interactions, which can increase molecule planarity and have a significant effect on the packing structures of the polymer films. As a result, the best power conversion efficiency of 8.28% was achieved from all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on n-type terpolymer containing TPD. This is contributed by promoted electron mobility and face-on polymer packing, showing the pronounced advantages of the TPD used as a third component for thriving efficient n-type terpolymers. The generality is also successfully validated in a benchmark polymer donor/acceptor system by introducing TPD into the benchmark n-type polymer N2200. The results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing suitable electron-deficient building blocks as the third components for high-performance n-type terpolymers toward efficient all-PSCs.
Left Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis after Left Lower Lobectomy in a Case of Adulthood Type 2 Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation Presenting with Left Hemiparesis
Authors: Sharma Raghava , Hussain Syed Mohammed , Gopalkrishnan Mundayat
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a known complication after lung transplantation but has rarely been reported after lower lobectomy or bilobectomy. We report a case of a left PVT extending into left atrium along with left hemiparesis following an uneventful left lower lobectomy in a case of adult congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation type 2 (CCAM). CCAM being rare in adults further its association with PVT following lower lobectomy makes this case an unusual interesting case.
Klinikbau: „Keine Änderungen während der Bauphase“
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2020

Nicht selten gerät ein Krankenhausbau ins Stocken. Für solche Fälle gibt es Experten, die die Baustelle wieder in Gang bringen sollen. Im Gespräch mit kma spricht der Baurevisor Gregor Kindermann über seine Erfahrungen und verrät, wie sich solche Verzögerungen bereits im Vorfeld vermeiden lassen.
Patientenentertainment: Kinofilm statt Vollnarkose
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2020

Um Patienten von ihren Ängsten zu befreien, greifen Kliniken vor MRT-Untersuchungen oder anstehenden Operationen gern zur Vollnarkose. Einige Krankenhäuser zeigen mittlerweile, dass es auch anders geht. Das spart nicht nur Beruhigungsmittel, sondern ist auch ein Wettbewerbsfaktor.
Lernen aus historischen pandemien: Der Blick zurück führt nach vorn
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: July 2020

Die letzten Monate haben uns alle bewegt.
Weisungsfrei, aber nicht selbstständig
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: July 2020

Auch ein Vertretungsarzt in einem MVZ unterliegt der Versicherungspflicht, beschloss das Landesozialgericht Berlin-Brandenburg (Beschluss vom 7. Februar 2020 – L 9 BA 92/18) in einer aktuellen Entscheidung. Danach ist auch bei kurzfristigen Vertretungen in MVZ eine Gesamtabwägung aller Merkmale vorzunehmen, die für oder gegen ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis sprechen.
Innovative Küchenkonzepte: Kochen für das Klima
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: July 2020

In der Küche lässt sich viel für das Klima tun. Zahlreiche Kliniken entdecken die Speisenversorgung als interessanten Motor für mehr Nachhaltigkeit – der zudem auch noch Sparpotenzial bietet.
Digitalisierung und E-Rezept: Tschüss Wartezimmer, hallo Online-Arzt
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Mit dem Digitale-Versorgungs-Gesetz (DVG) wollte Jens Spahn Ende vergangenen Jahres die Digitalisierung vorantreiben. Mit dem Gesetz für mehr Sicherheit in der Arzneimittelversorgung hat er Mitte 2019 den Weg für das E-Rezept geebnet. 2020 ist nun das Jahr, in dem die Digitalisierungsoffensive die Patienten erreichen soll: Apps, Rezepte und Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigungen digital – auch über Corona hinaus.
Mitarbeitergesundheit: Helden ohne Schutzschild
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Bei der Covid-19-Pandemie ist das klinische Notfallpersonal sowie das intensivmedizinische Personal vor besondere physische und psychische Herausforderungen gestellt. Die Belastungen sind komplex, die Fürsorgepflicht des Arbeitgebers ist – gerade in solchen Zeiten – hoch. Dennoch gibt es in den meisten deutschen Krankenhäusern keine psychologischen Versorgungsstrukturen für das eigene Personal.
Notstromversorgung im Krankenhaus: Lebensretter aus dem Generator
Authors: Glöckner Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Fällt in Krankenhäusern der Strom aus, stehen Menschenleben auf dem Spiel. Schließlich können selbst die erfahrensten Chirurgen nicht arbeiten, wenn im OP das Licht ausgeht. Um für solche Notfälle gewappnet zu sein, bedarf es einer umsichtigen Planung.
Schmerz-Apps: Das Smartphone als Schmerztherapeut
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2020

Laut der Deutschen Schmerzliga leiden über 22 Prozent der 40- bis 60-Jährigen unter chronischen Schmerzen, ab dem 75. Lebensjahr steigt der Anteil sogar auf 47 Prozent. Statt Schmerzpatienten zu operieren oder mit Medikamenten und klassischen Therapien zu behandeln, setzen Schmerz-Apps auf die Selbsthilfetherapie – mit wachsendem Erfolg.
Understanding the interplay of surface structure and work function in oxides: A case study on SrTiO3
Authors: Ma Tianyu , Jacobs Ryan , Booske John , Morgan Dane
Published: July 2020

The work function is one of the most fundamental surface properties of a material, and understanding and controlling its value is of central importance for manipulating electron flow in applications ranging from high power vacuum electronics to oxide electronics and solar cells. Recent computational studies using Density Functional Theory (DFT) have demonstrated that DFT-calculated work function values for metals tend to agree well (within about 0.3 eV on average) with experimental values. However, a detailed validation of DFT-calculated work functions for oxide materials has not been conducted and is challenging due to the complex dipole structures that can occur on oxide surfaces. In this work, we have focused our investigation on the widely studied perovskite SrTiO3 as a case study example. We find that DFT can accurately predict the work function values of clean and reconstructed SrTiO3 surfaces vs experiment at about the same level of accuracy as metals when direct comparisons can be made. Furthermore, to aid in understanding the factors governing the work function of oxides, we have performed systematic studies on the influence of common surface features, including surface point defects, doping, adsorbates, reconstructions, and surface steps, on the work function. The relationships between the surface structure and work function for SrTiO3 identified here may be qualitatively applicable to other complex oxide materials.
In situ thermal preparation of oxide surfaces
Authors: Braun Wolfgang , Jäger Maren , Laskin Gennadii , Ngabonziza Prosper , Voesch Wolfgang , Wittlich Pascal , Mannhart Jochen
Published: July 2020

Substrate surfaces terminated with a specific surface reconstruction are a prerequisite for the controlled epitaxial growth of most materials. Focusing on SrTiO3 (001) substrates, it has recently been shown that in situ substrate termination by thermal annealing has decisive advantages over standard termination methods. We report here that in situ substrate termination is a generally applicable method not restricted to SrTiO3 crystals. We specifically demonstrate the successful surface preparation of doped SrTiO3 (001), LaAlO3 (001), NdGaO3 (001), DyScO3 (110), TbScO3 (110), MgO (001), and Al2O3 (0001) surfaces.
Oxygen-vacancy-induced atomic and electronic reconstructions in magnetic Sr(Ti0.875Fe0.125)O3-δ thin films
Authors: Liang Yi , Luo Zhongshen , Wu Sihui , Yang Yang , Qin Yi , Wu Shuyang , Ji Yanda , Lu Hao , Liu Guozhen , Jiang Yucheng , Wang Jun , Yang Hao , Zhao Run , Ma Chunlan , Gao Ju
Published: July 2020

The atomic and electronic structures have been investigated for the multiferroic behavior in the perovskite oxides, which also can be tuned by oxygen vacancy for enhancing properties. Here epitaxial Sr(Ti0.875Fe0.125)O3-δ
thin films were deposited on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition and were post-annealed in an oxygen atmosphere. We found that the oxygen vacancies formed in high vacuum are the source of the macroscopic crystal distortion as the growth strain along out-of-plane. Moreover, it was determined that the full-filled Fe 3d states induced by oxygen vacancy effect are responsible for the decreased magnetization. This work demonstrates that the oxygen vacancy can both lead to atomic and electronic reconstructions in the perovskite films for manipulating ferroic properties.
Differential Gene Set Enrichment Analysis: a statistical approach to quantify the relative enrichment of two gene sets
Authors: Joly James H , Lowry William E , Graham Nicholas A
Published: July 2020

Motivation

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is an algorithm widely used to identify statistically enriched gene sets in transcriptomic data. However, GSEA cannot examine the enrichment of two gene sets or pathways relative to one another. Here we present Differential Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (DGSEA), an adaptation of GSEA that quantifies the relative enrichment of two gene sets.

Results

After validating the method using synthetic data, we demonstrate that DGSEA accurately captures the hypoxia-induced coordinated upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation. We also show that DGSEA is more predictive than GSEA of the metabolic state of cancer cell lines, including lactate secretion and intracellular concentrations of lactate and AMP. Finally, we demonstrate the application of DGSEA to generate hypotheses about differential metabolic pathway activity in cellular senescence. Together, these data demonstrate that DGSEA is a novel tool to examine the relative enrichment of gene sets in transcriptomic data.

Availability and implementation

DGSEA software and tutorials are available at https://jamesjoly.github.io/DGSEA/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring theadjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds
Authors: Magallanes Sergio , Møller Anders Pape , Luján-Vega Charlene , Fong Esteban , Vecco Daniel , Flores-Saavedra Wendy , García-Longoriaa Luz , de Lope Florentino , Iannacone José A , Marzal Alfonso
Published: July 2020

Parasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms, which impose important selective forces upon their hosts. Thus, in accordance with the Adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis, it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by parasites. According to the latitudinal gradient in diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the equator. The uropygial gland is an important defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in birds. Size of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their hosts. Therefore, we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher latitudes. However, this hypothesis has not yet been explored. Here, we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical (Peru) and 3 temperate areas (Spain). Relative uropygial gland volume was 12.52% larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate areas. This finding is consistent with the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by parasites. We also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection, showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection, regardless of their geographical origin. This result provides additional support for the assumption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.
Patient-derived cells from recurrent tumors that model the evolution of IDH-mutant glioma
Authors: Jones Lindsey E , Hilz Stephanie , Grimmer Matthew R , Mazor Tali , Najac Chloé , Mukherjee Joydeep , McKinney Andrew , Chow Tracy , Pieper Russell O , Ronen Sabrina M , Chang Susan M , Phillips Joanna J , Costello Joseph F
Published: July 2020

Background

IDH-mutant lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) evolve under the selective pressure of therapy, but well-characterized patient-derived cells (PDCs) modeling evolutionary stages are lacking. IDH-mutant LGGs may develop therapeutic resistance associated with chemotherapy-driven hypermutation and malignant progression. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize PDCs, single-cell-derived PDCs (scPDCs), and xenografts (PDX) of IDH1-mutant recurrences representing distinct stages of tumor evolution.

Methods

We derived and validated cell cultures from IDH1-mutant recurrences of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. We used exome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction to examine the evolutionary stage represented by PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX relative to corresponding spatiotemporal tumor tissue and germline DNA. PDCs were also characterized for growth and tumor immortality phenotypes, and PDX were examined histologically.

Results

The integrated astrocytoma phylogeny revealed 2 independent founder clonal expansions of hypermutated (HM) cells in tumor tissue that are faithfully represented by independent PDCs. The oligodendroglioma phylogeny showed more than 4000 temozolomide-associated mutations shared among tumor samples, PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX, suggesting a shared monoclonal origin. The PDCs from both subtypes exhibited hallmarks of tumorigenesis, retention of subtype-defining genomic features, production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, and subtype-specific telomere maintenance mechanisms that confer tumor cell immortality. The oligodendroglioma PDCs formed infiltrative intracranial tumors with characteristic histology.

Conclusions

These PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX are unique and versatile community resources that model the heterogeneous clonal origins and functions of recurrent IDH1-mutant LGGs. The integrated phylogenies advance our knowledge of the complex evolution and immense mutational load of IDH1-mutant HM glioma.
Determining medical decision-making capacity in brain tumor patients: why and how?
Authors: Pace Andrea , Koekkoek Johan A F , van den Bent Martin J , Bulbeck Helen J , Fleming Jane , Grant Robin , Golla Heidrun , Henriksson Roger , Kerrigan Simon , Marosi Christine , Oberg Ingela , Oberndorfer Stefan , Oliver Kathy , Pasman H Roeline W , Le Rhun Emilie , Rooney Alasdair G , Rudà Roberta , Veronese Simone , Walbert Tobias , Weller Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Taphoorn Martin J B , Dirven Linda
Published: July 2020

Background

Brain tumor patients are at high risk of impaired medical decision-making capacity (MDC), which can be ethically challenging because it limits their ability to give informed consent to medical treatments or participation in research. The European Association of Neuro-Oncology Palliative Care Multidisciplinary Task Force performed a systematic review to identify relevant evidence with respect to MDC that could be used to give recommendations on how to cope with reduced MDC in brain tumor patients.

Methods

A literature search in several electronic databases was conducted up to September 2019, including studies with brain tumor and other neurological patients. Information related to the following topics was extracted: tools to measure MDC, consent to treatment or research, predictive patient- and treatment-related factors, surrogate decision making, and interventions to improve MDC.

Results

A total of 138 articles were deemed eligible. Several structured capacity-assessment instruments are available to aid clinical decision making. These instruments revealed a high incidence of impaired MDC both in brain tumors and other neurological diseases for treatment- and research-related decisions. Incapacity appeared to be mostly determined by the level of cognitive impairment. Surrogate decision making should be considered in case a patient lacks capacity, ensuring that the patient’s “best interests” and wishes are guaranteed. Several methods are available that may help to enhance patients’ consent capacity.

Conclusions

Clinical recommendations on how to detect and manage reduced MDC in brain tumor patients were formulated, reflecting among others the timing of MDC assessments, methods to enhance patients’ consent capacity, and alternative procedures, including surrogate consent.
Future directions for screening and treatment in congenital hearing loss
Authors: Thorpe Ryan K , Smith Richard J H
Published: July 2020

Hearing loss is the most common neurosensory deficit. It results from a variety of heritable and acquired causes and is linked to multiple deleterious effects on a child's development that can be ameliorated by prompt identification and individualized therapies. Diagnosing hearing loss in newborns is challenging, especially in mild or progressive cases, and its management requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers comprising audiologists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and genetic counselors. While physiologic newborn hearing screening has resulted in earlier diagnosis of hearing loss than ever before, a growing body of knowledge supports the concurrent implementation of genetic and cytomegalovirus testing to offset the limitations inherent to a singular screening modality. In this review, we discuss the contemporary role of screening for hearing loss in newborns as well as future directions in its diagnosis and treatment.
In ovo feeding of nicotinamide riboside affects broiler pectoralis major muscle development1,2
Authors: Gonzalez John M , Jackson Ashunti R
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on pectoralis major muscle (PM) development and growth. Fertilized Cobb 500 broiler eggs (N = 156; average weight of 70.3 g) were ordered by weight, and within each four egg strata, eggs were randomly assigned to treatments within a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factor 1 consisted of NR treatment with eggs receiving 0 or 250 mM NR. Factor 2 consisted of injection location, with treatments injected into either the yolk sac or albumen. Eggs were incubated at a temperature of 37 °C and a relative humidity of 40 ± 2% for the first 18 d of incubation and humidity was increased to 60 ± 2 °C for the final 3 d. On day 10 of incubation, eggs were injected in their designated location with 100 µL of 0.9% sterile saline containing the assigned NR dose. Chicks were hatched, euthanized, and morphometric measurements of the body and left PM were collected. The left PM was also analyzed for muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and density. There were no treatment × location or main effects for all body morphometric measurements (P > 0.07), except chest width of chicks from eggs injected in the yolk were wider (P = 0.01) than chicks from eggs injected in the albumen. There were only treatment × location interactions for PM weight and length (P < 0.01). When NR was injected into the albumen, PM weight did not differ (P = 0.09); however, when NR was injected into the yolk sac, PM weight increased (P < 0.01). When NR was injected into both locations, PM length increased (P < 0.01), but increased to a greater extent when NR was injected into the yolk sac. There were treatment main effects for PM width and depth (P < 0.01), with NR injected chicks having PM with greater width and depth. There were no treatment × location or main effects for PM fiber CSA (P > 0.06). There was a treatment × location interaction (P < 0.01) for fiber density. When NR was injected into the albumen, fiber density did not differ (P = 0.09); however, when NR was injected into the yolk sac, fiber density increased (P < 0.01). Injecting NR into the yolk sac of the developing embryo at day 10 of incubation increased PM development which was due to an increase in muscle density.
The Role of Power in Health Care Conflict: Recommendations for Shifting Toward Constructive Approaches
Authors: Bochatay Naike , Kuna Ágnes , Csupor Éva , Pintér Judit Nora , Muller-Juge Virginie , Hudelson Patricia , Nendaz Mathieu R. , Csabai Marta , Bajwa Nadia M. , Kim Sara
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The combination of power and conflict is frequently reported to have a detrimental impact on communication and on patient care, and it is avoided and perceived negatively by health care professionals. In view of recent recommendations to explicitly address power and conflict in health professions education, adopting more constructive approaches toward power and conflict may be helpful. This study examined the role of power in conflicts between health care professionals in different cultural contexts to make recommendations for promoting more constructive approaches.

Method

The authors used social bases of power (positional, expert, informational, reward, coercive, referent) identified in the literature to examine the role of power in conflicts between health care professionals in different cultural settings. They drew upon semistructured interviews conducted from 2013 to 2016 with 249 health care professionals working at health centers in the United States, Switzerland, and Hungary, in which participants shared stories of conflict they had experienced with coworkers. The authors used a directed approach to content analysis to analyze the data.

Results

The social bases of power tended to be comparable across sites and included positional, expert, and coercive power. The rigid hierarchies that divide health care professionals, their professions, and their specialties contributed to negative experiences in conflicts. In addition, the presence of an audience, such as supervisors, coworkers, patients, and patients’ families, prevented health care professionals from addressing conflicts when they occurred, resulting in conflict escalation.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that fostering more positive approaches toward power and conflict could be achieved by using social bases of power such as referent power and by addressing conflicts in a more private, backstage, manner.
Medical-Grade Honey for the Treatment of Extravasation-Induced Injuries in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Smaropoulos Eleftherios , Cremers Niels A. J.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Preterm neonates often depend on peripheral intravenous administration of nutrition and medication. Since their skin is not fully developed and very vulnerable, extravasation injury is a risk. Medical-grade honey (MGH) possesses antimicrobial activity and stimulates wound healing; although its use in neonatal patients is limited.

Clinical Findings:

We present a case series of 7 preterm neonates (28-36 weeks of gestation) with extravasation injuries secondary to peripheral intravenous administration of total parental nutrition and medication.

Primary Diagnosis:

Extravasation injury following the unintentional leakage of total parenteral nutrition, and medication into the surrounding tissue. Signs of extravasation include local pain, erythema, burning, pruritus, and/or swelling.

Interventions:

All extravasation injuries were treated with daily cleaning and application of MGH. Some of the cases needed additional surgical intervention or assisted debridement.

Outcomes:

After treatment, all extravasation injury wounds presented with granulation tissue formation progressed to normal epithelialization and closed in 7 to 67 days (median: 32 days). Upon initial application, peripheral edema and inflammation decreased. When present, necrotic tissue was effectively debrided, slough was removed, and no signs of infection were detected, irrespective of initial wound presentations. Cicatrization was minimal, and the full range of motion was preserved in all cases.

Practice Recommendations:

Continuous and thorough assessment of peripheral intravenous line placement for malposition, leaking, and signs of extravasation is needed for fast discovery and prevention of further damage.

Conclusion:

Medical-grade honey possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activity, enhancing wound healing. Medical-grade honey was safe and effective for treating extravasation-induced injuries, independent of location and severity. We recommend MGH for treating extravasation wounds and consideration for other types of wounds.