bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salt Plug Formation Caused by Decreased River Discharge in a Multi-channel Estuary
Authors: Shaha Dinesh Chandra , Cho Yang-Ki
Published: June 2016

Freshwater input to estuaries may be greatly altered by the river barrages required to meet human needs for drinking water and irrigation and prevent salt water intrusion. Prior studies have examined the salt plugs associated with evaporation and salt outwelling from tidal salt flats in single-channel estuaries. In this work, we discovered a new type of salt plug formation in the multi-channel Pasur River Estuary (PRE) caused by decreasing river discharges resulting from an upstream barrage. The formation of a salt plug in response to changes in river discharge was investigated using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) recorder during spring and neap tides in the dry and wet seasons in 2014. An exportation of saline water from the Shibsa River Estuary (SRE) to the PRE through the Chunkhuri Channel occurred during the dry season, and a salt plug was created and persisted from December to June near Chalna in the PRE. A discharge-induced, relatively high water level in the PRE during the wet season exerted hydrostatic pressure towards the SRE from the PRE and thereby prevented the intrusion of salt water from the SRE to the PRE.
The ABA receptor PYL9 together with PYL8 plays an important role in regulating lateral root growth
Authors: Xing Lu , Zhao Yang , Gao Jinghui , Xiang Chengbin , Zhu Jian-Kang
Published: June 2016

Abscisic acid is a phytohormone regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. PYR1/PYL/RCAR proteins are ABA receptors that function by inhibiting PP2Cs to activate SnRK2s, resulting in phosphorylation of ABFs and other effectors of ABA response pathways. Exogenous ABA induces growth quiescence of lateral roots, which is prolonged by knockout of the ABA receptor PYL8. Among the 14 members of PYR1/PYL/RCAR protein family, PYL9 is a close relative of PYL8. Here we show that knockout of both PYL9 and PYL8 resulted in a longer ABA-induced quiescence on lateral root growth and a reduced sensitivity to ABA on primary root growth and lateral root formation compared to knockout of PYL8 alone. Induced overexpression of PYL9 promoted the lateral root elongation in the presence of ABA. The prolonged quiescent phase of the pyl8-1pyl9 double mutant was reversed by exogenous IAA. PYL9 may regulate auxin-responsive genes in vivo through direct interaction with MYB77 and MYB44. Thus, PYL9 and PYL8 are both responsible for recovery of lateral root from ABA inhibition via MYB transcription factors.
Reconfigurable Liquid Whispering Gallery Mode Microlasers
Authors: Yang Shancheng , Ta Van Duong , Wang Yue , Chen Rui , He Tingchao , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Sun Handong
Published: June 2016

Engineering photonic devices from liquid has been emerging as a fascinating research avenue. Reconfigurably tuning liquid optical micro-devices are highly desirable but remain extremely challenging because of the fluidic nature. In this article we demonstrate an all-liquid tunable whispering gallery mode microlaser floating on a liquid surface fabricated by using inkjet print technique. We show that the cavity resonance of such liquid lasers could be reconfigurably manipulated by surface tension alteration originated from the tiny concentration change of the surfactant in the supporting liquid. As such, remarkable sensing of water-soluble organic compounds with a sensitivity of free spectral range as high as 19.85 THz / (mol · mL−1) and the detectivity limit around 5.56 × 10−3 mol · mL−1 is achieved. Our work provides not only a novel approach to effectively tuning a laser resonator but also new insight into potential applications in biological, chemical and environmental sensing.
Disturbed flow mediated modulation of shear forces on endothelial plane: A proposed model for studying endothelium around atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Balaguru Uma Maheswari , Sundaresan Lakshmikirupa , Manivannan Jeganathan , Majunathan Reji , Mani Krishnapriya , Swaminathan Akila , Venkatesan Saravanakumar , Kasiviswanathan Dharanibalan , Chatterjee Suvro
Published: June 2016

Disturbed fluid flow or modulated shear stress is associated with vascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and aneurysm. In vitro simulation of the fluid flow around the plaque micro-environment remains a challenging approach. Currently available models have limitations such as complications in protocols, high cost, incompetence of co-culture and not being suitable for massive expression studies. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a simple, versatile model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Current observations of CFD have shown the regions of modulated shear stress by the disturbed fluid flow. To execute and validate the model in real sense, cell morphology, cytoskeletal arrangement, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) profile, nitric oxide production and disturbed flow markers under the above condition were assessed. Endothelium at disturbed flow region which had been exposed to low shear stress and swirling flow pattern showed morphological and expression similarities with the pathological disturbed flow environment reported previously. Altogether, the proposed model can serve as a platform to simulate the real time micro-environment of disturbed flow associated with eccentric plaque shapes and the possibilities of studying its downstream events.
Detection of RNA-DNA association by a proximity ligation-based method
Authors: Petruk Svetlana , Fenstermaker Tyler K. , Black Kathryn L. , Brock Hugh W. , Mazo Alexander
Published: June 2016

We describe a proximity ligation assay (PLA)-based method of assessing association of DNA and RNA in single cells during the cell cycle. Pulse-labeling of DNA with EdU and RNA with BrU and testing their close proximity by PLA demonstrates that RNA synthesis in individual cells resumes about 30–45 min after DNA replication. Consistent with this conclusion, RNA Pol II phosphorylated at Ser2 of its CTD is detected at the same time as RNA transcripts on nascent DNA. Our results also show that RNA is associated with DNA foci during all stages of mitosis.
Divergence and Conservation of the Major UPR Branch IRE1-bZIP Signaling Pathway across Eukaryotes
Authors: Zhang Lingrui , Zhang Changwei , Wang Aiming
Published: June 2016

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is crucial to life by regulating the cellular response to the stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) imposed by abiotic and biotic cues such as heat shock and viral infection. The inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) signaling pathway activated by the IRE1-mediated unconventional splicing of HAC1 in yeast, bZIP60 in plants and XBP1 in metazoans, is the most ancient branch of the UPR. In this study, we systematically examined yeast IRE1p-HAC1, plant IRE1A/IRE1B-bZIP60 and human hIRE1-XBP1 pairs. We found that, unlike bZIP60, XBP1 is unable to functionally swap HAC1p in yeast and that the inter-species heterotypic interactions among HAC1p, bZIP60 and XBP1 are not permitted. These data demonstrate evolutionary divergence of the downstream signaling of IRE1-bZIP. We also discovered that the dual cytosolic domains of plant IRE1s act in vivo in a mechanism consistent with IRE1p and hIRE1 and that plant IRE1B not only interacts with IRE1p but also forms typical IRE1 dynamic foci in yeast. Thus, the upstream components of the IRE1 signaling branch including IRE1 activation and action mechanisms are highly conserved. Taken together these data advance the molecular understanding of evolutionary divergence and conservation of the IRE1 signaling pathway across kingdoms.
Gigapixel surface imaging of radical prostatectomy specimens for comprehensive detection of cancer-positive surgical margins using structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Wang Mei , Tulman David B. , Sholl Andrew B. , Kimbrell Hillary Z. , Mandava Sree H. , Elfer Katherine N. , Luethy Samuel , Maddox Michael M. , Lai Weil , Lee Benjamin R. , Brown J. Quincy
Published: June 2016

Achieving cancer-free surgical margins in oncologic surgery is critical to reduce the need for additional adjuvant treatments and minimize tumor recurrence; however, there is a delicate balance between completeness of tumor removal and preservation of adjacent tissues critical for normal post-operative function. We sought to establish the feasibility of video-rate structured illumination microscopy (VR-SIM) of the intact removed tumor surface as a practical and non-destructive alternative to intra-operative frozen section pathology, using prostate cancer as an initial target. We present the first images of the intact human prostate surface obtained with pathologically-relevant contrast and subcellular detail, obtained in 24 radical prostatectomy specimens immediately after excision. We demonstrate that it is feasible to routinely image the full prostate circumference, generating gigapixel panorama images of the surface that are readily interpreted by pathologists. VR-SIM confirmed detection of positive surgical margins in 3 out of 4 prostates with pathology-confirmed adenocarcinoma at the circumferential surgical margin, and furthermore detected extensive residual cancer at the circumferential margin in a case post-operatively classified by histopathology as having negative surgical margins. Our results suggest that the increased surface coverage of VR-SIM could also provide added value for detection and characterization of positive surgical margins over traditional histopathology.
CXCL3 contributes to CD133+ CSCs maintenance and forms a positive feedback regulation loop with CD133 in HCC via Erk1/2 phosphorylation
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Lixing , Li Hong , Ge Chao , Zhao Fangyu , Tian Hua , Chen Taoyang , Jiang Guoping , Xie Haiyang , Cui Ying , Yao Ming , Li Jinjun
Published: June 2016

Although the chemotactic cytokine CXCL3 is thought to play an important role in tumor initiation and invasion, little is known about its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our previous study, we found that Ikaros inhibited CD133 expression via the MAPK pathway in HCC. Here, we showed that Ikaros may indirectly down-regulate CXCL3 expression in HCC cells, which leads to better outcomes in patients with CD133+ cancer stem cell (CSC) populations. CD133 overexpression induced CXCL3 expression, and silencing of CD133 down-regulated CXCL3 in HCC cells. Knockdown of CXCL3 inhibited CD133+ HCC CSCs’ self-renewal and tumorigenesis. The serum CXCL3 level was higher in HCC patients’ samples than that in healthy individual. HCC patients with higher CXCL3 expression displayed a poor prognosis, and a high level of CXCL3 was significantly associated with vascular invasion and tumor capsule formation. Exogenous CXCL3 induced Erk1/2 and ETS1 phosphorylation and promoted CD133 expression, indicating a positive feedback loop between CXCL3 and CD133 gene expression in HCC cells via Erk1/2 activation. Together, our findings indicated that CXCL3 might be a potent therapeutic target for HCC.
Uncovering the composition of microbial community structure and metagenomics among three gut locations in pigs with distinct fatness
Authors: Yang Hui , Huang Xiaochang , Fang Shaoming , Xin Wenshui , Huang Lusheng , Chen Congying
Published: June 2016

Uncovering the phylogenetic composition of microbial community and the potential functional capacity of microbiome in different gut locations is of great importance to pig production. Here we performed a comparative analysis of gut microbiota and metagenomics among jejunum, ileum and cecum in pigs with distinct fatness. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed dramatic differences of microbial composition, diversity and species abundance between small intestine and cecum.ClostridiumandSMB53were enriched in the small intestine, whilePrevotella,Treponema,RuminococcusandFaecalibacteriumshowed a higher abundance in the cecum. Functional capacity analysis of gut microbiome revealed that the microbiome of small intestine plays important roles in the metabolism of small molecule nutrients, while the microbiome of cecum has the stronger ability to degrade xylan, pectin and cellulose. We identified tens of fatness associated-bacterial species includingEscherichiaspp. that showed a notable increase of relative abundance in all three gut locations of high fatness pigs. We further suggested that the potential pathogens, inflammation process and microbial metabolism and nutrient sensing are involved in the high fatness of pigs. These results improve our knowledge about microbiota compositions in different gut locations and give an insight into the effect of gut microbiota on porcine fatness.
Methodologies for bladder cancer detection with Raman based urine cytology
Authors: Kerr Laura T. , Lynn Thérése M. , Cullen Ivor M. , Daly Padraig J. , Shah Nigam , O'Dea Shirley , Malkin Alison , Hennelly Bryan M.
Published: June 2016

Translation of Raman micro-spectroscopy into the clinic for bladder cancer diagnosticsviaurine cytology.
Photoelectrochemical detection of metal ions
Authors: Zhao Wei-Wei , Xu Jing-Juan , Chen Hong-Yuan
Published: June 2016

This review summarizes the fundamentals and recent progress in the photoelectrochemical detection of metal ions for the first time.
Correction: Mesoporous titania thin films as efficient enzyme carriers for paraoxon determination/detoxification: effects of enzyme binding and pore hierarchy on the biocatalyst activity and reusability
Authors: Frančič N. , Bellino M. G. , Soler-Illia G. J. A. A. , Lobnik A.
Published: June 2016

Correction for ‘Mesoporous titania thin films as efficient enzyme carriers for paraoxon determination/detoxification: effects of enzyme binding and pore hierarchy on the biocatalyst activity and reusability’ by N. Frančič et al., Analyst, 2014, 139, 3127–3136.
FRET spectroscopy—towards effective biomolecular probing
Authors: Obeng Eugene M. , Dullah Elvina C. , Danquah Michael K. , Budiman Cahyo , Ongkudon Clarence M.
Published: June 2016

The advent of super-resolution microscopy has been a major breakthrough in bioscience research, allowing accurate molecular signaling analysis of cellular and biological materials.
Dual signal-amplification electrochemical detection of DNA sequence based on molybdenum selenide nanorod and hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Yanfu
Published: June 2016

A new electrochemical biosensor based on the hybridization chain reaction and layered molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) stacked nanorod for dual-signal amplification is developed for the highly sensitive detection of the DNA sequences of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Simple and rapid screening of the thiocyanate level in saliva for the identification of smokers and non-smokers by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Phonchai Apichai , Srisukpan Thapanat , Riengrojpitak Suda , Wilairat Prapin , Chantiwas Rattikan
Published: June 2016

Identification of smokers and non-smokers is achieved with a proposed cut-off limit of 1.0 mM by a rapid and simple method for the determination of thiocyanate in human saliva.
Passivation of surface states by ALD-grown TiO2 overlayers on Ta3N5 anodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong
Published: June 2016

This paper describes the fabrication of TiO2 overlayers by atomic layer deposition to passivate the surface states on Ta3N5 thin film anodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Facile synthesis of ultrathin SnNb2O6 nanosheets towards improved visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity
Authors: Zhou Chao , Zhao Yufei , Shang Lu , Shi Run , Wu Li-Zhu , Tung Chen-Ho , Zhang Tierui
Published: June 2016

Ultrathin SnNb2O6 nanosheets with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity were prepared for the first time via a facile hydrothermal route using ultrathin K4Nb6O17 nanosheets as the precursor.
Co(ii)-induced giant vibrational CD provides a new design of methods for rapid and sensitive chirality recognition
Authors: Berardozzi Roberto , Badetti Elena , Carmo dos Santos Nadia Alessandra , Wurst Klaus , Licini Giulia , Pescitelli Gennaro , Zonta Cristiano , Di Bari Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

Enhanced VCD signals correlate easily with the absolute configuration of the α-aminoacid used in our new self assembly and paving the way to easy and sensitive VCD methods.
Exploring substrate scope and stereoselectivity of P450 peroxygenase OleTJEin olefin-forming oxidative decarboxylation
Authors: Wang Jian-bo , Lonsdale Richard , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: June 2016

The substrate scope of the mild olefin-forming oxidative decarboxylation of straight-chain C4–C22carboxylic acids catalyzed by P450 peroxygenase OleTJEhas been extended to include structurally diverse carboxylic acids.
Infrared and Raman spectroscopic features of the self-interstitial defect in diamond from exact-exchange hybrid DFT calculations
Authors: Salustro Simone , Erba Alessandro , Zicovich-Wilson Claudio M. , Nöel Yves , Maschio Lorenzo , Dovesi Roberto
Published: June 2016

Raman and infrared spectroscopic features of the self-interstitial defect in diamond are investigated with ab initio simulations by using a hybrid functional.
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines using iron pincer complexes
Authors: Lange S. , Elangovan S. , Cordes C. , Spannenberg A. , Jiao H. , Junge H. , Bachmann S. , Scalone M. , Topf C. , Junge K. , Beller M.
Published: June 2016

The selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines with the well-defined Fe(PNPCy) pincer complex 2 is reported.
Prussian blue type nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Long J. , Guari Y. , Guérin C. , Larionova J.
Published: June 2016

Recent developments in the field of Prussian blue-type nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Versatile bonding and coordination modes of ditriazolylidene ligands in rhodium(iii) and iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Farrell Kevin , Müller-Bunz Helge , Albrecht Martin
Published: June 2016

Metalation of novel ditriazolium salts containing a trimethylene (–CH2CH2CH2–) or dimethylether linker (–CH2OCH2–) was probed with different rhodium(iii) and iridium(iii) precursors.
Structural modifications of the neomycin class of aminoglycosides
Authors: Bera Smritilekha , Mondal Dhananjoy , Palit Subhadeep , Schweizer Frank
Published: June 2016

This review encompasses comprehensive literature on synthetic modification and biological activities of clinically used neomycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotics to alleviate dose-related toxicity and pathogenic resistance.
Carbazole–benzimidazole based dyes for acid responsive ratiometric emissive switches
Authors: Aich Krishnendu , Das Sangita , Goswami Shyamaprosad , Quah Ching Kheng , Sarkar Deblina , Mondal Tapan Kumar , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: June 2016

Three carbazole conjugated benzimidazole dyes have been synthesized and their acid/base induced photophysical properties have been studied.
Bio-reducible polycations from ring-opening polymerization as potential gene delivery vehicles
Authors: Yu Qing-Ying , Liu Yan-Hong , Huang Zheng , Zhang Ji , Luan Chao-Ran , Zhang Qin-Fang , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: June 2016

Bio-reducible polycations were prepared via ring-opening polymerization. These materials have relatively low molecular weights and cytotoxicity but have good DNA condensation ability, transfection efficiency and excellent serum tolerance.
Pd-catalyzed one-pot sequential unsymmetrical cross-coupling reactions of aryl/heteroaryl 1,2-dihalides
Authors: Danodia Abhinandan K. , Saunthwal Rakesh K. , Patel Monika , Tiwari Rakesh K. , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: June 2016

The present methodology allows the conversion of easily available aryl/heteroaryl 1,2-dihalides into synthetically useful unsymmetrically substituted arenes/heteroarenes in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Unraveling the real structures of solution-based and surface-bound poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) oligomers: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Khlaifia Dalila , Ewels Christopher P. , Massuyeau Florian , Chemek Mourad , Faulques Eric , Duvail Jean-Luc , Alimi Kamel
Published: June 2016

While the crystalline structure for regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in thin films is well established, the conformation of P3HT chains in solution has received less attention.
Three-dimensional porous carbon nanosheet networks anchored with Cu6Sn5@carbon as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Luo Shaohua , Chen Fang , Wang Dan , Liu Yanguo , Qi Xiwei , Shi Chunsheng , Zhao Naiqin
Published: June 2016

A three-dimensional porous carbon nanosheet networks anchored with Cu6Sn5@carbon nanoparticles as a high-performance anode of lithium ion batteries are synthesized.
A facile access to cis-dihydrofurobenzofuran from 2-(2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yl)-phenol
Authors: Hu Xiao-Hui , Pu Xiao-Qiu , Liu Rui , Cui Chun-Xiao , Yang Jun , Yang Xian-Jin
Published: June 2016

An access to cis-dihydrofurobenzofuran from the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular oxidation of 2-(2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yl)-phenol with moderate to good yields is reported.
Research on charge-transport properties of TTF–TTP derivatives and organic interfaces
Authors: Ya-Rui Shi , hui-ling Wei , Yu-Fang Liu
Published: June 2016

The electronic and charge transport properties of four derivative groups containing nineteen different derivative compounds were theoretically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) based on the Marcus–Hush theory.
First-principles investigations of vanadium disulfide for lithium and sodium ion battery applications
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Sun Zhongti , Zhang Wenshuai , Fan Quanping , Sun Qi , Cui Xudong , Xiang Bin
Published: June 2016

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (LTMDs) have attracted great scientific interest for ion battery applications.
IDC golf-ball structured thin films: preparation, characterization and photodiode properties
Authors: Suresh R. , Ponnuswamy V. , Sankar C. , Manickam M. , Mariappan R.
Published: June 2016

Uniform and well-dispersed IDC (indium doped cerium oxide) films are successfully deposited by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis (NSP) technique.
Dramatic efficiency improvement in single-layer orange phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with suppressed efficiency roll-off
Authors: Zuo Liangmei , Han Guangguang , Sheng Ren , Xue Kaiwen , Duan Yu , Chen Ping , Zhao Yi
Published: June 2016

We have successfully demonstrated efficient single-layer organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with a current efficiency of 31.38 cd A−1.
Voltage-controlled current loops with nanofluidic diodes electrically coupled to solid state capacitors
Authors: Ramirez P. , Gomez V. , Cervera J. , Nasir S. , Ali M. , Ensinger W. , Siwy Z. , Mafe S.
Published: June 2016

Nanofluidic diodes electrically coupled to solid state capacitors show electrical properties reminiscent of a resistor with memory.
Plasmonic photocatalyst Au/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4nanocomposites for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zeng Jian , Song Ting , Lv Meixiang , Wang Tingting , Qin Jiayi , Zeng Heping
Published: June 2016

A Au/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4nanocomposite was successfully prepared and characterized, and it exhibited a significant visible-light-driven photoactivity for hydrogen production.
Synthesis, photophysical properties and application in organic light emitting devices of rhenium(i) carbonyls incorporating functionalized 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridines
Authors: Klemens Tomasz , Świtlicka-Olszewska Anna , Machura Barbara , Grucela Marzena , Janeczek Henryk , Schab-Balcerzak Ewa , Szlapa Agata , Kula Slawomir , Krompiec Stanisław , Smolarek Karolina , Kowalska Dorota , Mackowski Sebastian , Erfurt Karol , Lodowski Piotr
Published: June 2016

Photophysics of [ReCl(CO)3(4′-R-terpy-κ2N)].
Investigation of the promotion effect of WO3 on the decomposition and reactivity of NH4HSO4 with NO on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts
Authors: Ye Dong , Qu Ruiyang , Song Hao , Zheng Chenghang , Gao Xiang , Luo Zhongyang , Ni Mingjiang , Cen Kefa
Published: June 2016

Electron deviation from catalyst atoms to SO42− is the key factor in the behavior of NH4HSO4 decomposition on the catalysts.
LiMn2O4/graphene composites as cathodes with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Xia , Peng Rufang , Huang Yeju , Guo Lei , Qi Yongcheng
Published: June 2016

The LiMn2O4microspheres (LMO-MSs)/graphene nanosheets (GNSs) composites have been synthesized using γ-MnO2microspheres as precursor.
Mechanical and physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibers fabricated by a microfluidic approach
Authors: Sharifi Farrokh , Bai Zhenhua , Montazami Reza , Hashemi Nastaran
Published: June 2016

A microfluidic platform was used to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol microfibers with various morphology and mechanical properties.
Europium doped transparent glass ceramics containing CaF2 micron-sized crystals: structural and optical characterization
Authors: Jiang Yiguang , Zhang Pande , Wei Tao , Fan Jintai , Jiang Benxue , Mao Xiaojian , Zhang Long
Published: June 2016

Transparent glass ceramics containing CaF2 micron-sized crystals were prepared using a modified liquid-phase sintering route.
Surface and interface design in cocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2reduction
Authors: Bai Song , Yin Wenjie , Wang Lili , Li Zhengquan , Xiong Yujie
Published: June 2016

This review outlines the recent progress on designing the surface and interface of cocatalysts to create highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting and CO2reduction.
Atom-economic dehydrogenative amide synthesis via ruthenium catalysis
Authors: Chen Cheng , Verpoort Francis , Wu Qiongyou
Published: June 2016

Recent developments of ruthenium-catalyzed atom-economic transformations for dehydrogenative amide synthesis are reviewed.
Three cyclic pentapeptides and a cyclic lipopeptide produced by endophytic Fusarium decemcellulare LG53
Authors: Li Gang , Kusari Souvik , Golz Christopher , Strohmann Carsten , Spiteller Michael
Published: June 2016

Endophytic Fusarium decemcellulare LG53 harbored in Mahonia fortunei produces three cyclic pentapeptides (1–3) and the cyclic lipopeptide, fusaristatin A (4).
Random nanocrack, assisted metal nanowire-bundled network fabrication for a highly flexible and transparent conductor
Authors: Suh Young D. , Hong Sukjoon , Lee Jinhwan , Lee Habeom , Jung Seongmin , Kwon Jinhyeong , Moon Hyunjin , Won Phillip , Shin Jaeho , Yeo Junyeob , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: June 2016

Bundled metal nanowire network transparent conductor with enhanced mechanical characteristics was fabricated from random crack patterns.
Metabolic labelling of cholesteryl glucosides in Helicobacter pylori reveals how the uptake of human lipids enhances bacterial virulence
Authors: Jan Hau-Ming , Chen Yi-Chi , Shih Yu-Yin , Huang Yu-Chen , Tu Zhijay , Ingle Arun B. , Liu Sheng-Wen , Wu Ming-Shiang , Gervay-Hague Jacquelyn , Mong Kwok-Kong Tony , Chen Yet-Ran , Lin Chun-Hung
Published: June 2016

Helicobacter pyloriinfects approximately half of the human population and is the main cause of various gastric diseases.
Polyimide complexes with high dielectric performance: toward polymer film capacitor applications
Authors: Peng Xinwen , Xu Wenhui , Chen Linlin , Ding Yichun , Chen Shuiliang , Wang Xiaoyan , Hou Haoqing
Published: June 2016

Novel polyimide–copper complexes (PICuCs) were prepared by polymerization, complexation and imidization of a newly synthesized bipyridine-containing diamine monomer. They showed high dielectric performance, and excellent mechanical and thermal properties.
Controllable synthesis of elliptical Fe3O4@C and Fe3O4/Fe@C nanorings for plasmon resonance-enhanced microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Yun , Li Yana , Jiang Kedan , Tong Guoxiu , Lv Tianxi , Wu Wenhua
Published: June 2016

Fe3O4@C and Fe3O4/Fe@C core–shell nanorings (NRs) with enhanced microwave absorption properties were synthesized by a simple and controllable two-step process.
Wireless digital data transmission from a 300 GHz CMOS transmitter
Authors: Takano K. , Katayama K. , Amakawa S. , Yoshida T. , Fujishima M.
Published: June 2016

Wireless performance of a 300 GHz CMOS transmitter reported recently is presented. Wireless digital data transmission at 28 Gbit/s over 5 cm with 16‐QAM and 1 Gbit/s over 1 m with quaternary phase‐shift keying was achieved. A figure of merit (FoM) for transmit–receive systems that allows comparison of diverse configurations (with different modulation formats, antenna gains, distances, etc.) is introduced. The CMOS transmitter turns out to be comparable in performance to other 0.3 THz or higher systems involving compound‐semiconductor or photo‐mixing technologies. Analysis based on the FoM reveals how best use could be made of frequencies around 300 GHz with a CMOS technology.
Initial frequency refining algorithm for pull‐in process with an auxiliary DLL in pseudolite receiver
Authors: Shen Jiannan , Cui Xiaowei , Lu Mingquan
Published: June 2016

Pulsed time division multiple access is recommended for psedudolite satellite signal to eliminate the near‐far effect, which is different from global navigation satellite system signal design. However, in this case, the initial frequency bias obtained from acquisition is not precise enough for the carrier tracking loop to converge due to the signal's pulse modulation, as the rolling‐off of auto‐correlation function is insensitive to slight frequency changes. This Letter proposes an approach to narrowing the initial frequency error by mapping from code Doppler to carrier Doppler, in which the former one can be obtained from a delay lock loop (DLL). Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method in the initialisation of frequency pull‐in process owing to the fixed proportion existed in the code and carrier Doppler.
Surveillance video synopsis generation method via keeping important relationship among objects
Authors: Tian Yumin , Zheng Haihong , Chen Qichao , Wang Dan , Lin Risan
Published: June 2016

To reduce the efforts of human in browsing long surveillance videos, synopsis videos are proposed. Traditional synopsis video generation methods condense most of the activities in the video by simultaneously showing several actions, even when they originally occurred at different times. This inevitably causes ignorance of temporal relationship among objects. For example, two persons walk shoulder to shoulder and they are detected and tracked separately, but in the synopsis they never ‘met’. In this study, a trajectory mapping model is defined, whose energy function includes not only the cost caused by the synopsis video, but that of the original video. In this way, it tries to make the relationship between objects of the original video consistent with that of the synopsis. Finally, the video synopsis is generated by an energy minimisation method. Experiments show that the proposed video synopsis can reduce the spatiotemporal redundancies of the input video as much as possible. Moreover, it can keep the important relationship between objects and maintain the time consistency of important activities.
Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in power systems using Symbiotic Organism Search Optimisation technique
Authors: Saha Debasree , Datta Asim , Das Priyanath
Published: June 2016

The modern power system networks are very complex and often consist of multiloop structures with increased penetration of renewable energy sources‐based distributed generations. Directional overcurrent relays (DORs) are the key protection devices in such networks and their coordination has a profound impact on the overall protection of networks. Optimisation of DOR settings is an important concern in protection coordination in power systems. In this study, optimisation of DOR settings, namely time dial setting and pickup current (Ip) setting is achieved by adopting symbiotic organism search technique which is a recently proposed proficient optimiser imitating biological give and take policy while searching for an optimum. Computational ability of the technique to coordinate DORs is validated in IEEE 6‐bus and WSCC 9‐bus test systems. Results show that the new technique causes for notable reduction in relays’ operating time, with maintaining reliable coordination margin for each primary/backup relay pair, in comparison with other techniques. Also, computation time to find optimum solution is less using the new method.
Implementation of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) based on current source converters for distribution grid and performance monitoring through LabVIEW Simulation Interface Toolkit server: a cyber physical model
Authors: Senthilnathan Karthikrajan , Annapoorani Iyswarya
Published: June 2016

This study describes a new configuration of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) based on current source converters (CSC) topology with left shunt configuration. It consists of photo voltaic (PV) source and ultra‐capacitor with a buck–boost converter which is utilised for maintaining the constant DC‐link current. The compensation of sag, swell, unbalance, fault conditions is done by proposed UPQC‐CSC model. The control algorithm for UPQC is based on synchronous reference frame theory and hysteresis loop for the pulse generation. The performance analysis of the proposed work is done by interfacing the SIT server of host computer to LabVIEW and MATLAB/Simulink using transmission control protocol/Internet protocol communication network. Results proved that the proposed system is able to compensate voltage at sag, swell, unbalance and fault conditions in distribution network.
Analytical FRTU deployment approach for reliability improvement of integrated cyber‐physical distribution systems
Authors: Wang Shouxiang , Liang Dong , Ge Leijiao , Wang Xudong
Published: June 2016

The increasing of distributed generators and high demand of customer service quality of recent years keep challenging the design and operation of electric power distribution systems. The future smart distribution grid is envisioned to be a large complex cyber‐physical distribution system (CPDS), where physical grid components are monitored and controlled based on the interactions on the cyber space. As sensors and controllers, smart feeder remote terminal units (FRTUs) transfer necessary data to the control centre for situational awareness, and receive orders from the control centre for dynamic controlling. This study introduces an analytical FRTU deployment approach for the reliability improvement of integrated CPDSs. The FRTU deployment problem is modelled as a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming problem, which aims to minimise the total cost with the reliability index of average service available index as the constraint. Two kinds of distribution feeders (overhead and underground) are considered. The total cost includes the life cycle cost of FRTUs in addition to customer interruption cost. The proposed model can be solved by large‐scale commercial solvers in an efficient manner. Test results of the RBTS‐BUS4 distribution system and a China Southern Power Grid 62‐bus distribution system validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the approach. Comparison with the genetic algorithm also shows its great efficiency.
Probabilistic assessment of state estimation capabilities for grid observation
Authors: Augusto Andre Abel , Do Coutto Filho Milton Brown , Stacchini de Souza Julio Cesar , Miranda Vladimiro
Published: June 2016

State estimation (SE) has been considered the fulcrum of advanced computer‐aided tools used to monitor, control, and optimise the performance of power grids. It is destined for the provision of a consistent real‐time dataset, free of compromising errors. To the SE eye, observability is the faculty of seeing the actual system operating state. As such, it is vital to evaluate this faculty, especially in quantitative terms. Drawing a parallel between the financial market (in which investment grades – intended to signal the suitability of an investment – are assigned by credit rating agencies) and SE arena, this study proposes the establishment of observation grades. With a view to performing a reliable SE, these are defined as ratings capable of indicating that a measurement system (devoted to observing the state of a power grid under many different conditions), has a seal of approval, i.e. relatively low risk of being unsuccessful. The methodology proposed to express observation grades is based on the Monte Carlo simulation approach. The availability of measurement units and grid branches are adequately considered. Numerical results of a proof of concept study performed on the 24‐ and 118‐bus benchmark systems illustrate the application and expected benefits of the proposed methodology.
Influence of third harmonic injection on modular multilevel converter ‐based high‐voltage direct current transmission systems
Authors: Li Rui , Fletcher John E. , Williams Barry W.
Published: June 2016

Whilst third harmonic injection is extensively used in modular multilevel converter (MMC) control, its significant advantages over sinusoidal modulation have not been fully explored. This study evaluates the influence of third harmonic injection on system power losses, submodule (SM) capacitance, circulating current, and fault current and mathematical models are derived. Station conduction losses are reduced by 11%, yielding higher efficiency and lowering cooling system capacity. The SM capacitance is reduced by 24%, which significantly lowers the capital cost, weight, and volume of the station converter. Additionally, the phase energy variation is reduced by around 18%, which benefits circulating current control. Due to the lower AC currents, the semiconductor current stresses are correspondingly reduced. In addition to the performance improvement in normal operation, the third harmonic injection reduces the DC fault currents by 13.4% and thus the fault current stresses on semiconductors and DC circuit breakers are lowered. Simulation of a point‐to‐point high‐voltage direct current system demonstrates the effectiveness of the above analysis.
Optimal PMU placement for full observability of the power network with maximum redundancy using modified binary cuckoo optimisation algorithm
Authors: Dalali Milad , Kazemi Karegar Hossein
Published: June 2016

In this study, a new evolutionary algorithm named as modified binary cuckoo optimisation algorithm (MBCOA) is presented to solve optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement (OPP) problem. The proposed method is classified as topological approaches. The basis of the method is in the lifestyle of the brood parasite bird named cuckoo that immigrates to the best habitat to obtain sufficient food and suitable nests for egg laying. The proposed binary structure is not introduced and applied to OPP problem up to now. OPP is tested on different networks consist of IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems during normal operation and single event contingencies, i.e. single PMU failure and single line outage. The proposed MBCOA is also applied to 2383 and 2746 bus test systems to show its ability to handle large scale power networks. It is shown that MBCOA can obtain the best result from the search region with a minimum number of iterations.
Fuzzy supervised online coactive neuro‐fuzzy inference system‐based rotor position control of brushless DC motor
Authors: John Prabu M. , Poongodi P. , Premkumar K.
Published: June 2016

In this study, fuzzy supervised online coactive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (CANFIS)‐based rotor position controller is presented for brushless DC (BLDC) motor. An online learning algorithm is employed for updating premises and consequent parameters of the CANFIS controller. The rotor position control of BLDC motor is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink Toolbox. The dynamic response of the BLDC motor with proposed controller is measured for standard sinusoidal reference input. The effectiveness of the proposed controller performance is compared with fuzzy proportional–integral derivative controller, adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system controller and supervised recurrent fuzzy neural network controller. The proposed controller is able to solve the problem of non‐linearities and uncertainty due to reference input changes of BLDC motor and guarantees fast and accurate dynamic response to a remarkable steady‐state performance. Also, experimental hardware results are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme using field programmable gate array chip. Experimental results show that the proposed control scheme can achieve a more favourable tracking performance without the chattering phenomena in the control effort.
Research on visible light and infrared vision real‐time detection system for conveyor belt longitudinal tear
Authors: Qiao Tiezhu , Liu Weili , Pang Yusong , Yan Gaowei
Published: June 2016

Conveyor belt longitudinal tear is one of the most serious problems in coal mining. It is very important to detect it in real‐time before the length of the tear is too long. In this study, a method of longitudinal tear detection based on visible light charge coupled device (CCD) and infrared CCD is proposed. A visible light and infrared vision real‐time detection system for conveyor belt longitudinal tear is designed based on this method. In this method, the infrared CCD uses adaptive histogram equalisation coordinating with Hough transform line detection. The visible light CCD, coordinating with a laser line source, uses the Hough transform algorithm and the features from accelerated segment test algorithm. These two kinds of CCDs work together to make detection results reliable. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and adaptive, and meets the requirements for reliable, real‐time and online longitudinal tear detection. Compared to several current methods, the proposed method has a better performance on efficiency of detection.
Adaptive dynamic surface control of a two‐axis gimbal system
Authors: Khayatian Mohammad , Arefi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: June 2016

In this study, adaptive control of a two‐axis gimbal system with actuator dynamics in the presence of parametric uncertainties is addressed. The considered gimbal system is a pointing antenna which can rotate over y and z axes and covers all line of sights. Adaptive dynamic surface control technique is used to overcome the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem which appears in adaptive backstepping control design. By using the Lyapunov stability analysis, the convergence of the tracking error to origin and boundedness of all closed‐loop signals are guaranteed. Finally, excellent performance of the proposed method for tracking the desired trajectories and also the effectiveness of this technique for controlling a two‐axis pointing antenna are shown for a real antenna model in ADAMS.
Electromagnetic interference at power frequencies: shielding factor related to an urban environment
Authors: Lucca Giovanni
Published: June 2016

In the frame of power frequency electromagnetic interference problems on telecommunication cables and pipelines, the study presents a method to evaluate the shielding factor related to an urban environment. The calculation method is based on a Monte Carlo algorithm and the results are in agreement with the few ones present in literature. The novelty of the study consists in the approach to the problem which is based, for the first time, on modelling.
AFAKF for manoeuvring target tracking based on current statistical model
Authors: Yang Yongjian , Fan Xiaoguang , Zhuo Zhenfu , Wang Shengda , Nan Jianguo , Huang Jinke
Published: June 2016

The fixed maximum acceleration of current statistical model (CSM) will lead to the deterioration of Kalman filter. To improve the performance of CSM in target tracking, a new modified CSM (MCSM) and a new Kalman filter (KF) are proposed. The new model, which employs innovation dominated subjection function to adaptively adjust maximum acceleration, has a better performance in target tracking, but it is very sensitive to innovation and will lead to a fluctuant phenomenon when target manoeuvres occur. The new adaptive fading Kalman filter which is formed by amendatory KF (AKF) and adaptive fading KF can weaken the fluctuant phenomenon caused by MCSM. The principle and deducing of AKF are specifically elaborated based on probability theory. Three simulations results indicate the high performance and robustness of MCSM and MCSM‐adaptive fading amendatory Kalman filter in target tracking.
Synthesis of core–shell Cu@BaTiO3 conductive powders modified by gaseous rare‐earth penetration
Authors: Wang Fangwei , Hao Sue , Fang Siyu , Zhang Jiajing
Published: June 2016

The Cu@BaTiO3 powders were synthesised by a simple low‐cost hydrothermal method for the very first time. The effects of copper (Cu) contents on the formation of core(Cu)@shell(BaTiO3) powders have been investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. Notably, the existence of Cu@BaTiO3 powders can only be obtained when Cu content happened to be 20%. A novel modification method, gaseous rare‐earth penetration, has been adopted to reduce the resistivity and prepare Cu@BaTiO3 conductive powders. The results indicated that rare‐earth penetration turned out an effective way to lower the resistivity of Cu@BaTiO3 powders significantly. Surprisingly, the core–shell structure of Cu@BaTiO3 powders has not perished after rare‐earth penetration. Furthermore, the resistivity of Cu@BaTiO3 conductive powders turned out to be 8.30 × 10−4 Ω m, which can be a promising candidate for novel and environmental‐friendly conductive powders.
Treatment Challenges of Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngo-Tonsillitis
Authors: Brook Itzhak
Published: June 2016

Introduction Despite its in vitro efficacy, penicillin often fails to eradicate Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) from patients with acute and relapsing pharyngo-tonsillitis (PT).

Objective This review of the literature details the causes of penicillin failure to eradicate GABHS PT and the therapeutic modalities to reduce and overcome antimicrobial failure.

Data Synthesis The causes of penicillin failure in eradicating GABHS PT include the presence of β lactamase producing bacteria (BLPB) that “protect” GABHS from any penicillin; the absence of bacteria that interfere with the growth of GABHS; co-aggregation between GABHS and Moraxella catarrhalis; and the poor penetration of penicillin into the tonsillar tissues and the tonsillo-pharyngeal cells, which allows intracellular GABHS and Staphylococcus aureus to survive. The inadequate intracellular penetration of penicillin can allow intracellular GABHS and S. aureus to persist. In the treatment of acute tonsillitis, the use of cephalosporin can overcome these interactions by eradicating aerobic BLPB (including M. catarrhalis), while preserving the potentially interfering organisms and eliminating GABHS.

Conclusion In treatment of recurrent and chronic PT, the administration of clindamycin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, can eradicate both aerobic and anaerobic BLPB, as well as GABHS. The superior intracellular penetration of cephalosporin and clindamycin also enhances their efficacy against intracellular GABHS and S. aureus.