bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospects of East Coast Sedimentary Basins of India with Special Reference to Krishna Godavari Basin
Authors: Rao G. N.
Published: November 2024

The Eastern continental margin of the Indian Peninsula has a complex geoiogical history. Due to fragmentation of Gondwanaland the Peninsula was separated and became the mobile Indian plate. The ' Godavari bend ' of the East coast coincides with triple junction of the diverging plates. Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic sedimentation in the East coast basins is of continental nature and is restricted to rift grabens. The easterly tilt of the Peninsula during its movemtnt gave rise to peri-cratonic sedimentary basins since the Cretaceous. These basins are extended oceanic basins with subsided pull-apart basins. Since Miocene, the cooling of the oceanic crust has facilitated more sedimentation in these basins. Basin configuration, tectonics and status of hydrocarbon exploration are discussed basinwise giving more emphasis to Krishna- Godavari Basin.
Stratigraphie Position of the Tirodi Gneiss in the Precalnbrian Terrane of Central India: Evidence from the Mansar Area, Nagpur District, Maharashtra
Authors: Mohanty S.
Published: November 2024

In the Precambrian terrane of central India the question of the relation between different gneiss and schist belts has not been solved. Eventhough the Tirodi gneiss is generally considered to be the basement of the Sausar Group, unequivocal sedimentological criteria are not supplemented to confirm this view. A conglomerate which belongs to the Sausar Group has been mapped at the contact of a gneissic roc in the Mansar area of Nagpur district, Maharashtra, during the present investigation. Occurrence of gneiss pebbles in this conglomerate suggests that the gneissic unit was the source of the pebbles and acted as the basement to the Sausar Group.
Electro-Facies Analysis of Reservior Rocks of Krishna-Godavari Basin
Authors: Rao G. N.
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in electric logs make it possible to record the logs at very thin sampling interval. The natural radiation of rocks (gamma rays) can be analysed while recording itself into three basic components like K40, Th232, and U238. The electro-facies analysis can be used to interpret the nature of sedimentary environments. The interpretation techniques for identifying the nature of different sedimentary environents arc discussed with suitable examples of electric logs from Krishna-Godavari basin. Fracture identification procedure in case of basalts and extension direction of Paleogene reservoir sands are discussed. NGS ratio log can be used in identifying the debalable age boundaries.
Tectonic Evolution of the Almora Crystalline Zone, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: A Reinterpretation
Authors: Agarwal K. K.
Published: November 2024

The Almora Crystalline zone (ACZ) is one of the largest and better studied crystalline outcrop of the Lesser Himalaya. The paper presents a reinterpretation of its tectonic evolution in the light of new data generated in the course of the present study. Presence of mylonite zones (of variable thickness), bordering, as well as within the crystallines, indicate the possibility of branched-up small duplexes, from a common 'sole thrust'. Analysis of small folds and other minor structures. especially the stretching lineations and small scale shear zones indicilte a N-NNE to S-SSW direction of tectonic transport. The very synformal nature of the ACZ has been doubted here in the light of our recent understanding on rock deformation and thrust sheet movement with reference to the Himalaya. A new model has thus been presented here, according to which the ACZ represents only a small portion of a large thrust sheet which was once covering,the whole of the Lesser Himalaya. The synformal nature of the ACZ is probably due to back-thrusting in the later phases of its tectonic development.
Joint Analysis Around Nauti, District Chamoli, U.P.
Authors: Singh R. A. , Gairola Y. K.
Published: November 2024

The orientation of joints were measured in the massive quartzites and metabasites of Garhwal Group around Nauti, District Chamoli, U.P. The area has been divided into six sub-areas for the dynamic analysis. Three joint sets have been inferred in the area on the basis of 10 å-sector rose diagrams. These joint sets exhibit a mean strike of NW-SE, NNE-SSW and N80°E-S80°W respectively, with a variation of 5° to 10° in different subareas. Of these only the first set of joints is common in all the subareas, whereas other two sets occur in different subareas. This difference in the orientation of joints in different subareas has been attributed to the rotation of rocks and development of new joints during subseguent deformations. The analysis of joints reveals that they were mainly developed during the second phase of deformation, whereas in the third and Fourth phases of deformations during the Himalayan orogenic movements earlier joints were reactivated and reoriented, as well as new joints were also developed.
Elemental Composition and Particulate Metal Fluxes from Netravati and Gurpur Rivers to the Coastal Arabian Sea
Authors: Shankar R. , Manjunatha B. R.
Published: November 2024

Physico-chemical parameters of water (pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and suspended Particulate concentration) and geochemistry (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, Ca and organic matter) and magnetic susceptibility of suspended particulates have been measured, incidentally for the first rime. in two west-flowing rivers - Netravati and Gurpur - of southwestern India in order to understand weathering processes, to determine gross particulate metal fluxes to the coastal Arabian Sea and to decipher anthropogenic influences, if any. Physico-chemical parameters do not show significant variations because of the heavy fresh water discharge during southwest monsoon. The composition of Netravati and Gurpur rivers SPM (suspended particulate matter) are similar and characterized by enrichment of Al, Fe, Ni and Co but strong depletion of Ca in comparison with temperate and major rivers of the world. This is an imprint of the intense chemical weathering in the study area. Copper, Pb, Zn and Mn contents in Netravati and Gurpur R. SPM are lower than world river SPM, implying that there may not be significant anthropogenic input of these metals.

The gross particulate metal fluxes from the Netravati R. are considerably higher than those in Gurpur R, because of the former's high sediment discharge. However, the fluxes are significantly lower than those of Narbada and Tapti rivers.

Magnetic susceptibility of Netravati and Gurpur SPM is nearly the same, but substantially low (by a factor of three) when compared to the silt+clay fraction of river-bed sediments, indicating that dense magnetic minerals are not transported in suspension but as bed-load.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Chigicherla Kimberlite and its Xenoliths, Anantapur District, South India
Authors: Murthy D. S. N. , Dayal A. M. , Natarajan R.
Published: November 2024

Petrography and chemistry of newly discovered Chigicherla Kimberlite pipe of Andhra Pradesh, South India are presented. The textural characteristics of the rock suggest it to be more close to the hypabyssal type of kimberlite. Presence of melilite classifies these rocks as extreme variety of kimberlite. Mineralogy of the spinel harzburgite xenoliths that occur within these IGmberlite reveals two types of xenoliths:

Harzburgite xenoliths having spinel which is Cr rich (61.6%) and Al (10.29%) poor. Harzburgite xenolith having spinel which is A1 rich (4358%) and Cr (25.90%) poor.

Temperature estimates reveal that the Cr-rich type xenolith has equilibrated at 972°C while the Cr-poor ones were equilibrated at 839°C ± 31°C. The maximum pressure estimated for these xenoliths is 25 kb. Presence of chrome spinel and absence of magnesium aluminium spinel in the xenoliths, indicate that the uppermost 45 or 50 km of the mantle section has highly "depleted" peridotite composition. The study supports the contention of the steady state of thermal condition in the mantle lithosphere beneath the continental shield and has not changed appreciably through the last one billion years.
Radiometric, Magnetic Susceptibility and Mineralogical Studies in Some Beach Placers of Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India
Authors: Nagamalleswara Rao B.
Published: November 2024

Radiometric, magnetic susceptibility and mineralogical studies were carried out on the beach placer deposits in three different coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh: Hamsaladivi-Manginipudi (Region I), Vasishta Godavari-Upputeru (Region II) and Visakhapatnam-Bheemunipatnam (Region III). Radioactivity is highest in Region III and Iowestin Region I. Zircon being non-radioactive and other radioactive minerals being rare or absent; monazite is the only source of radioactivity in the three regions. Ilmenite is predominant in Region III and magnetite in Region I. Higher concentration of monazite is associated with ilmenite and not with magnetite. The Eastern Ghats provenance is the major source of ilmenite and monazite. It is suggested that pospecting for monazite and ilmenite in East Coast of India beaches is best done by a combination of radiometric and magnetic susceptibility techniques.
Occurrence of Spodumene in the Rare Metal-Bearing Pegmatites of Mariagalla-Allapatna Area, Mandya Dist., Karnataka
Authors: Banerjee D. C. , Krishna K. V. G. , Murthy G. V. G. K. , Srivastava S. K. , Sinha R. P.
Published: November 2024

Spodumene bearing rare metal pegmatites are reported mostly from Karnataka in contrast to lepidolite and amblygonite bearing pegmatites described from major mica-fields of India. Tantalite (Ta2O5 50-70%) rich pegmatites intruding the Sargur metasediments of Nagamangala schist belt near Marlagalla- Allapatna are also rich in spodumene (10-15% by vol.) as well as beryl (10.6-11.4% BeO). Light green spodumene (Li2O 6.55-7.35%) occurs randomly as prismatic crystals a few cm to 30 cm in length. Under the microscope, symplectic intergrowth between spodumene and quartz along the contact with albite and replacement of spodumene by quartz and muscovite are noticed. The 'd' spacings and intensities obtained from the X-ray diffraction patterns match well with the published values for Alphaspodumene from Pala San Diego County, California, U.S.A. Some variations observed in the intensities ofinterplanar spacings could be due to preferred orientations exhibited by the mineral. When heated to 1000° C for 3 hours, the Alpha-spodumene transformed to Beta- spodumene.

Chemically these spodumenes are "high iron non-chromian" types (FeO+Fe2O3 1.17 to 1.29%, Cr47- 87 ppm). While Mn content is high (1237-1826 ppm), other trace elements such as V, Cu, Co, Pb and Be are less than 10 ppm, Cs 39-98 ppm and Sn 19-28 ppm. Sn values are considerably low as compared to specimens reported from elsewhere, possibly because these pagmatites are devoid of cassiterite. Mineralogical assemeblage ofspodumene-tnntalite-pollucite in these pegmatites places them in "LCT (Lithium-Caesium-Tantalum) family" of rare element pegmatites as per classification of Cerny. Petromineralogical and geochronological studies of Allapatna granites have been undertaken which will throw furthur light on the geochemistry and paragenesis of these pagmatites. Few hundred tonnes of spodumene are expected to be recovered commercially from shallow depths alone along with tantalites and beryl.
Pellatispira crassicolumnata from Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Ray Anis Kumar , Chaki Tapasri
Published: November 2024

Late Eocene foraminifera genus and species Pellatispira crassicolumnata Umbgrove is documented from Kachchh (Kutch) as an unequivocal evidence of the presence of rocks of that age in the basin. The same species has earlier been reported from Surat-Broach, Gujarat and its Kachchh occurrence suggests the then existence of a trail of similar environments in this part of land.
Metamorphic-Metasomatic Fluids and Al, Si Order/Disorder of K-Rich Alkali Feldspars from Southern Indian High Grade Terrain
Authors: Swamy V. , Anantha Iyer G. V. , Menon A. G.
Published: November 2024

The structural state of K-feldspars in the quartzofeldspathic gneisses, charnockites, metapelites and pegmatites from the southern Karnataka, northern Tamil Nadu and southern Kerala high-grade regions of southern India has been characterized using petrographic and powder X-ray diffraction methods. The observed distribution pattern of structural state with a preponderance of disordered K-feldspar polymorphs in granulites compared to the ordered microclines in the amphibolite facies rocks is interpreted to reflect principally the varying H2O contents in the metamorphic-metasomatic fluids across metamorphic grade. The K-feldspars in the pegmatites of granitic derivation and in a pegmatite of inferred metamorphic origin also point to the important role of aqueous fluids in their structural state.
Late Quaternary Movements and Landscape Rejuvenation in Southeastern Karnataka and Adjoining Tamil Nadu in Southern Indian Shield
Authors: Valdiya K. S.
Published: November 2024

Late Quaternary movements on N-S trending segmented faults in the Southern Indian Shield have given rise to en echelon linear hills and isolated hillocks that abruptly rise 300 to 400m above the 900 m Bangalore peneplain covered thickly with red soil, and are made up of remarkably fresh Precambrian rocks devoid of soil capping. Tilting of soil-covered regolith on the fault-delimited hill flanks together with extraordinarily severe gully erosion in the confines of narrow fault zones bear testimony to continuing movements on these active faults, which also gave rise to many tectonic lakes following stream ponding. Further south, > 1800 m high Biligirirangan-Mahadeswaramalai Hills represent fault-lined horsts, drained by meandering streams that fall and cascade down their steep scarps. Folding of Recent fluvial gravel, development of spectacular knee bend in an otherwise very straight fault valley, and abrupt pronounced northward shift of the Kaveri River from its original southeasterly course indicate Holocene movements on the faults delimiting the horsts.

The >2500 m high Nilgiri massif amidst the 300-150 m Tirupattur-Coimbatore plain is characterized by gently undulating top with very thick soil cover and lazily flowing streams that drop down precipitous scarps (of 1800 to 2000 m sheer fall) through chasms and gorges. Ponding of streams due to reactivation of faults gave rise to lakes comprising 20,000 to 5000 year-old peat within black clays. Thrusting up of the Nilgiri block on the E-W oriented Moyar Shear Zone (which separates the Southern Granulite Terrane from the Dharwar Craton) is a continuing phenomenon, as evident from spectacular rejuvenation of meandering streams, development of multitudes of deep defiles and waterfalls, presence of unfurrowed straight planar valley slopes, and recurrent seismicity in the Moyar Shear Zone.

The thrust movements on the E-W shear zones have been, and are being transmitted northwards as strike-slip and oblique-slip movements on the N-S trending faults in the Dharwar Craton. Close association of epicentres with the fault zones implies that the strain accumulated in the Peninsular Shield is being relaxed through reactivation of these active faults of Precambrian antiquity.
The 24th March, 1995 Chamba Earthquake (NW Himalaya), Field Observations and Seismotectonics
Authors: Mahajan A. K.
Published: November 2024

On 24th March, 1995 at 17:22 hr. IST (11:52 UTC) an earthquake of magnitude 4.9 mb (USGS) struck the Chamba region in northwest Himalaya. The epicentral zone lies 8-10 km northeast of Chamba township. Based on the isoseist characteristics, the source mechanism of this earthquake has been evaluated. The longest axis of the isoseismal is aligned in NW-SE direction, which is parallel to the trend of strike of rocks in the area. The pattern of isoseismals suggest that the causative fault for the 1995 Chamba earthquake is parallel to the local Himalayan trends and the strain has been released at a very shallow depth.
Isotopic Evidence of a Rapid Cooling and Continuous Sedimentation across the Eocene Oligocene Boundary of Wagapadhar and Waior, Kutch
Authors: Sarangi S. , Sarkar A. , Bhattacharya S. K. , Ray A. K.
Published: November 2024

High resolution oxygen isotope analysis of samples from two different Eocene Oligocene Boundary (EOB) sections of Wagapadhar and Waior of Kutch area and their correlation with DSDP sites indicate continuity of sedimentation at these sites. A rapid cooling of -6°C across the EOB, synchronous with extinction of Eocene larger benthic foraminifera, is also observed.
Albitite-Trondhjemite-A-Type Granite Association in the Prakasam Alkaline Province, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sarvothaman H. , Srinivasan K. N. , Suresh G.
Published: November 2024

Two dykes of albitite intruding a trondhjemite-A-type granite suite in the Prakasam alkaline province in Andhra Pradesh contain >90% modal plagioclase (albite), and accessory quantities of hornblende, apatite, sphene, anatase and opaque ores. The normative 100 Ab/(Ab + An) is 96 to 100, indicating pure albitic nature of the plagioclase. A two-stage 'branching' differentiation is suggested for this petrological association.
Seismically Induced Deformational Structures (Seismites) from the Mid-Late Holocene Terraces, Lower Mahi Valley, Gujarat
Authors: Maurya D. M. , Rachna R. , Chamyal L. S.
Published: November 2024

Seismically induced deformational structures from the lower Mahi valley are reported. These include injected liquefied sand, contorted laminations, load structures, overturned small-scale folds and convolutions. syn-sedimentary microfaults and pseudonodules. The structures are similar to the seismically-induced deformation structures reported elsewhere and conform to the criteria for reiating them to seismic events. Radiocarbon dating of the two organic rich clay layers suggest the deformation is related to a Late Holocene seismic event that took place between 3320±90 and 2850±90 yrs. B.P.
Evolution and Resetting of the Fluids in Manikaran Quartzite, Himachal Pradesh: Application to Burial and Recrystallization
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Misra D. K.
Published: November 2024

Primary aqueous fluid inclusions trapped in Manikaran Quartzite suggest a depth of burial about 4 to 7 km and entrapment temperature from 67 to 146°C. The later thrust-related recrystallization occurred in H2O-CO2 fluid regime under greenschist facies conditions. This event also resulted in thermal resetting of some aqueous inclusions trapped in original grains.
Ammonite Biozonation of the Middle-Late Jurassic Sediments with Special Reference to Keera and Jara Dome, Kachchh District, Gujarat
Authors: Prasad Surendra
Published: November 2024

A more refined ammonite biostratigraphy than hitherto proposed for the Middle to Late Jurassic sediments of Keera and Jara domes, Kachchh district, Gujarat is presented in this paper. Ammonite based six biozones (Triangularis, Formosus, Anceps, Athleta, Maya and Helenae) and thirteen subzones (Madagascariensis, Diadematus, Semilaevis, Anceps, Eucyclum, Singulare, Kleidos, Athleta, Lalandeanum, Semirugosus, Maya, Helenae and Kranaus) are distinguished in ascending oder for Pre-Callovian-Oxfordian rocks of Kachchh. The Triangularis Biozone is assigned to Pre-Callovian/Late Bathonian, the Formosus to Early Callovian, the Anceps to Middle Callovian, the Athleta to Late Callovian, the Maya to Early Oxfordian and the Helenae to Middle Oxfordian.
Occurrence of Beudantite from the Son Valley Gold Belt, Uttar Pradesh - A Preliminary X-Ray Study
Authors: Prasad R. , Rai S. , Kumar Alok , Dwiyedi G. N. , Tripathi A. K. , Yadav M. L.
Published: November 2024

A rare mineral Beudantite PbFe3 (AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6had been identified by X-ray diffraction technique in a weathered mineralised quartz vein, emplaced in phyllitic sequence. Its cell parameters are a=7.32Å. and c=17.13Å that are comparable to those of JCPDS-ASTM standard. Its association with corkite suggests that the area may have potential for silver and gold.
Preliminary Thermal Modelling of the Massif Anorthosite-Charnockitic Gneiss Interface from Gruber Mountains, Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Ravikant V.
Published: November 2024

The Gruber massif-type anorthosite, with marginal noritic anorthosite, represents a lopolithic magmatic intrusion within the orogen exposed in the central Dronning Maud Land (cDML). The meta anorthosite, emplaced during the Dlb deformation event into the adjacent charnockitic gneiss (which had undergone an initial deformation event (Dla) equilibrated along with the charnockitic gneiss during granulite facies conditions (M1 = 787 ± 50°C, 7.4 ± 1kbar) followed by near isobaric cooling, M2 event The gneiss and anorthosite were then deformed and partly retrogressed during a M3 metamorphism (hydration during amphibolite facies conditions) accompanied by weak to moderate D2deformation.

Cooling of the anorthosite pluton (using a parameterized model with high initial crystallinity, a lower crustal contact temperature of ~800°C with an average radius of 17 km) from 1200 to 840°C would require c. 45 Ma, following which the cooling rate would fall to <1 °C Ma-1. An initial transient elevated geotherm of interest which fits the extracted P,T conditions during the M1metamorphism was calculated, simulating the equilibration of the interface. Next, cooling and uplift of this interface with realistic combinations of thermal properties of the crust, heat generation, low uplift rates and boundary conditions was made. Calculation of the cooling and uplift of the equilibrated anorthosite and chamockitic gneiss interface produces an initial near isobaric cooling path for c. 30 Ma at or near the depth of equlibration.

Using available geophysical data from the cDML orogen, the causes for the thermal perturbation during the granulite facies metamorphism are discussed and it is proposed that the granulite facies metamorphism was caused by a combination of crustal thickening and magmatic underplating during the collision (i.e. crustal thickening followed by extension) of the Kalahari (equivalent) Craton and a proposed East Antarctica Craton during the Grenvillian/Kibaran event.
Dissolved and Sediment Load Characteristics of Kafni Glacier Meltwater, Pindar Valley, Kumaon Himalaya
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Pandey Shiv Kumar , Panda Subrat
Published: November 2024

An analytical study on major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and anions (HCO3, SO4, Cl) in the meltwaters draining from Kafni glacier, Pindar valley, were carried out in the present study. The analysis was directed towards the deciphering, of the major ion chemistry, the diurnal variation in solute and suspended sediment concentrations and to trace the source and mechanism controlling water chemistry of Kafni meltwaters. Distinct diurnal variation has been observed by major ionic species and suspended sediment concentration in the meltwater, reflecting varying proportions of meltwater transferred to the channel through different routes. Among cations Ca is the most dominant ion (69%) followed by Mg (19%), Na (8%) and K (4%). Bicarbonate is the dominant anion, constituting 85% of the total anions and 61% of TDS. The hjgh concentration of bicarbonate and its good correlation with Ca indicates their common source, from the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The high (Ca+Mg)/(Na+K) ratio i.e. 8, the high contribution of (Ca+Mg) to the total cations (Ca+Mg/TZ+ = 0.9) and low ratio of (Na+K)TZ+ = 0.11 also suggests that the carbonate weathering could be the primary source of major ions in these waters. The suspended sediment concentration negatively correlated with IDS and the increasing TSM/TDS ratio with the discharge indicate prominence of physical weathering over chemical weathering in the afternoon time.
Status and Age of the Red Beds in Krishna - Godavari Basin (India) and their Relationship with Hydrocarbon Occurrences
Authors: Prasad Bijai
Published: November 2024

Palynological studies carried out on the "red beds" encountered in the subsurface sections of Krishna-Godavari Basin establish the occurrence of two distinct red beds; the older of Triassic age, deposited in fluvial intracratonic Pranhita-Godavari Graben and equated with the Maleri rocks of Central India and an younger one of Early Cretaceous (Neocomian - Barremian) age, deposited during synrift stage of the Krishna-Godavari Basin in marginal to shallow marine environment, corresponding to the red claystones of Gollapali Formation. A major hiatus of about 80 Ma is present between the two red beds involving the absence of latest Triassic and major part of Jurassic sediments.

The gaseous pay-sand zones in Mandapeta and Ramchandrapuram structures which lie just below the Cretaceous red beds, belong to the Gollapali Sandstone and indicate Early Cretaceous (Neocomian-Barremian) age. The Cretacous red beds are considered to serve as caprocks for hydrocarbon accumulation in these pay-sands.
Comparative Study of Lamprophyres from the Cuddapah Intrusive Province (CIP) of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Madhavan V. , David K. , Mallikharjuna Rao J. , Chalapathi Rao N. V. , Srinivas M.
Published: November 2024

The mid-Proterozoic lamprophyric rocks broadly represented by kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres (sensu stricto) are emplaced in and adjacent to the intracratonic Cuddapah basin in the eastern Dharwar craton of India which was recently recognized as the Cuddapah (intrusive) province (CIP). While the kimberlite pipes and lamprophyre dykes are located outside but close to the western and eastern margins of the Cuddapah basin respectively, the lamproites are hosted within the basin. Lamprophyres occur in seven locations of the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. EIchuru, where more than one hundred lamprophyre dykes are found, represents a prominent centre of lamprophyre magmatism. Purimetla comes next to Elchuru with a tally of twenty lamprophyre dykes. At other places lamprophyres are numerically insignificant. The CIP lamprophyres encompass different varieties and they cut across an equally wide-ranging variety of host rocks; these lamprophyres come under 1) feldspathoidal or non- feldspathoidal and 2) plagioclase- or orthoclase-bearing categories. With a single exception, all the lamprophyres are micaceous and distinctly alkaline. The genesis of CIP lamprophyres as a manifestation of alkaline magmatism is discussed.
Metamorphic History of Calc-Silicate Lithologies from the Kambam Valley, Tamil Nadu and its bearing on the Evolution of the Southern Granulite Terrain
Authors: Francis Anto K. , Janardhan A. S. , Basavalingu B.
Published: November 2024

Kambam valley forms an integral part of the Southern Granulite Terrain. The valley represents a deep crustal break hosting high temperature alkaline intrusives and also a carbonatite body. Common rock types encounterd are charnockite and granulite grade calc-silicate and metapelite. Calc-silicate lithologies are interbanded with mafic granulites on cm scale. Wolfastonite-scapolite-grandite garnet-clinopyroxene indicate high temperature (900°C). Corroborative high temperatures are recorded from associated rnetapelites. Textural features such as the formation of coronal garnet and garnet-quartz double rinds at the expense of calcite, scapolite, wollastonite, clinopyroxene suggest a late isobaric cooling at shallower depths. The cooling event was associated with domainal variation in fluid species. Fluid inclusion studies confirm a late carbonic fluid flux consistent with the carbonation reactions that followed.

The associated metapelitic lithologies in the area preserve textural evidence for a rapid high temperature decompression event. The Kambam valley granulites, thus witnessed high temperature metamorphism, rapid decompression and late isobaric cooling. The above metamorphic history is consistent with those reported from other parts of the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). Thermal perturbation associated with extensional thinning and alkaline magmatism explain the high temperature metamorphism, decompression and subsequent cooling.
Regional Relief and Structural Pattern Identification Over the Indian Subcontinent using INSAT-VHRR Data
Authors: Majumdar T. J. , Mohanty K. K.
Published: November 2024

INSAT (Indian National Satellite) VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer) night time thermal IR (infrared) data have been used for extraction of regional tectonic/structural features over Indian peninsula using Sobel operators. The enhanced pseudo-three dimensional image has shown the major tectonic features over the Indian subcontinent. The boundary of the Himalayan thrust belt and other major structural features could be demarcated. A number of regional tectonic/structural patterns could be identified in the INSAT VHRR enhanced night time thermal IR imagery. Himalayan frontal thrust belt could be delineated distinctively in the processed image. Relief patterns in the Aravalli and Sri Lanka could be visualized. Relief patterns of the Western and Eastern Ghats are also discernible. Enhancement of INSAT night time thermal infrared imagery thus found to be useful in discerning the major tectonic patterns over the Indian subcontinent and its surroundings.
International Proficiency Tests for Analytical Geochemistry Laboratories: An Assessment of Accuracy and Precision in Routine Geochemical Analysis
Authors: Balaram V. , Gnaneshwara Rao T. , Anjaiah K. V.
Published: November 2024

The results of Second International Proficiency Test (GeoPT2) obtained at the Geochemical Laboratory of National Geophysical Research Institute are presented. Estimation of 33 trace elements including all the fourteen rare earths obtained by ICP-MS in Bardon Volcanic Tuff Samples (OU-1) are compared with the assigned values. Sample decomposition method and other relevant details of the analytical procedures adopted are presented. Depending upon the 'Z-scores' calculated, the fitness of the data for either "pure geochemistry" or "applied geochemistry" was assessed. An overview of 'Z-score' results indicates that about 2/3rds of the data contributed from our laboratory fell within the -2<z<2 range which included majority of the trace and rare earth elements used normally in several pure geochemical investigations. These results allowed us to further investigate the analytical discrepancies observed in the data and optimize necessary aspects such as sample preparation by the use of more effective dissolution methods like microwave digestion and minimise the interference effects by the use of matrix matching calibrations.
Textural Characters of Some Economic Minerals from Teknaf Beach, Bangladesh
Authors: Anwarul Islam M.
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with textural studies of economic minerals like rutile, zircon, monazite, magnetite and ilmenite of Teknaf beach, Bangladesh. The study reveals that the degree of sphericity and roundness bear distinct relationship with relative abundance of the different size grades. The relative abundance of the different minerals is highly variable with either increase or decrease of sphericity values from 0.3 to 0.7 and roundness values from 0. 1 to 0.9; rutile and zircon are most abundant in 0.088 mm size grade and monazite is maximum (50%) in 0. 125 mm size grade, while both magnetite and ilmenite are present in a single size grade of 0.088 mm in proportions of 54% and 60% respectively.
Red Sanders (Pterocarpus Santalinus): A Biogeochemical Study from Southeastern Part of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Raju K. K. , Raju A. N. , Sudheer A. S.
Published: November 2024

Trace element analysis of red sanders tree species (Pterocarpus santalinus) and their associated soils from deciduous forests of Chittoor, Cuddapah and Nellore districts in the southeastern part of Andhra Pradesh has been studied. The study shows that the heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus is capable of accumulating large amounts of Sr, Zn and Cu.
Use and Limitations of Short and Medium Duration Pumping Tests in Understanding Hard Rock Fracture Aquifers - An Example from Kerala
Authors: Kukillaya J. P. , Padmanabhan K. , Krishnan E.
Published: November 2024

Short and medium duration pumping test data from a well-field, in conjunction with outcrop fracture pattern studies, are used to understand the nature of a system of fracture aquifers in a metamorphic terrain in Kerala State. Satellite imagery shows a minor E - W lineament intersecting a major regional NNW - SSE lineament in the area. Drawdown and time lag data indicate greater connectivity along the minor lineament compared to the major one. The E - W elongation of the drawdown contours correlates with dominant E - W fracture sets seen on outcrops. The NNW - SSE fracture zone probably forms a regional conduit for groundwater flow, with the degree of hydraulic. connectivity modified locally by other intersecting fracture zones. A large-scale heterogenity in the form of an E-W fracture zone is indicated in this area. The pumping tests give responses similar to double-porosity and semi-confined models. Some data suggest localised linear flow near pumped well. Heterogeneity in fracture distribution results in a complex response to pumping. Celtain broadly-defined zones and groundwater flow conditions are discernible within this heterogeneity.
First Report of Dasycladacean Alga - Cyclocrinites from the Ordovician of Takche Formation, Spiti, India
Authors: Maithy P. K. , Ghosh Amit K. , Kumar Gopendra
Published: November 2024

Paper deals with the first occurrence of cyclocrinitids, belonging to an extinct tribe of dasycladacean algae from the Ordovician of Takche Formation Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. Cyclocrinites favus and Cyclocrinites pyriformis are described here for the first time from the Ordovician of India and their stratigraphic significance and palaeoecological implications discussed.
Features and Genesis of Vein-Type Magnesite Deposit in the Doddakanya Area of Karnataka, India
Authors: Krishna Rao B. , Sethumadhav M. S. , Hanuma Prasad M. , Mahabaleshwar T. D. , Rao Ashok V. , Albert Gilg H.
Published: November 2024

Vein-type magnesite deposit of Doddakanya area is situated in the southern part of the Archaean Dharwar craton. Magnesite is confined to a c.3.3 Ga old ultramafic body which constitutes a tectonically dismembered part of a layered ultramafic-mafic complex emplaced into supracrustal rocks of the Sargur Group. The magnesite-bearing ultramafic body is composed of dunite with minor harzburgite and exhibits varying degrees of serpentinization and weathering. About 50 vol.% of the ultramafic body is serpentinized and the intensity of serpentinization decreases with depth. The serpentine minerals are represented essentially by lizardite/chrysotile exhibiting pseudomorphic mesh-texture. Serpentinization of the ultramafic body took place within 6 km of the Earth's surface at low temperatures (<200°C) and essentially involved volume expansion (isochemical) process. During weathering, the relict olivine of the serpentinized ultramafic body was pseudomorphously replaced by a mixture of amorphous material (with variable amounts of Fe, Mg, Si and volatiles) and minor ferric oxyhydroxides and secondary silica. The Mg mobilized during weathering participated in the formation of magnesite in tensional fractures developed during the late- to post-serpentinization event. Oxygen isotope data  (d18O = av. 30.6‰ SMOW) indicate the precipitation of magnesite at ambient temperatures and carbon isotope values (d13C = av. -2.6‰ PDB) suggest the derivation of carbon from a biogenic soil source dominated by C4 plants. The latter constrains the timing of the magnesite formation to a period not older than 8 - 7 Ma.
Effects of Variations in Specimen Thickness on Illite "Crystallinity" Measurements
Authors: Mazumdar Aninda
Published: November 2024

The 'Kubler index' (?°2?) has been extensively used to document degree of metamorphism in very low grade pelitic rocks and to mark the diagenetic-anchizonal and anchizonal-epizonal boundaries. However, variations in sample preparation procedures significantly affect the ?°2? measurements. The effect of variation in thickness (mg/cm2) of the clay layer on ?°2? measurements has been studied here. The ?°2? values drops rapidly for slides with clay loading less than ~2-3 mg/cm2 and achieve more or less a plateau beyond this thickness. Owing to the rapid change in slope, even minor variation in thickness (which is difficult to constrain) can significantly affect the ?°2? measurements. Low X-ray intensities recorded for thin slides also add uncertainty to the ?°2? measurements.
Thermal Structure of the Lithosphere Beneath the Deccan Trap along the Western Indian Continental Margin: Evidence from Xenolith Data
Authors: Dessai A. G. , Knight K. , Vaselli O.
Published: November 2024

Late alkaline lamprophyre-intrusives from the Deccan Trap along the western Indian continental margin entrain rare granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths some of which contain kaersutite ± phlogopite ± apatite ± scapolite ± sulphides providing evidence orfluid induced metasomatism.

P-Testimates on carefully selected mafic granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths define a palaeogeotherm from 550°C, 5 kb to -830°C, 8.5 kb for the Mumbai region along the western continental margin. This elevated geotherm suggests advective heat transfer from magmas ponded near the crust mantle boundary.

Xenolith petrology coupled with seismic data suggests that the lower crust beneath Mumbai consists of mafic granulites under- and intra-plated by pyroxenites. Spinel peridotites interlayered with pyroxenites predominate below -20 km. The seismic Moho is located within the layered pile.
Conversion of a Voron FDM printer to a MEWron melt electrowriting printer v1
Authors: Menke Sönke , Tandon Biranche , Brugger Juergen
Published: November 2024

This protocol aims to help researchers and enthusiasts in building a melt electrowriting printer (MEWron) from a Voron printer. The modification of a FDM printer can potentially be done with many different types but is shown here on a Voron Trident.
Factores asociados al nivel de ocupación en un servicio de urgencias de alta complejidad en Medellín
Authors:   Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Estrada-Atehortúa Andrés Felipe , Arroyave-Peña Tatiana ,   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Quiroz-Álvarez Juan Esteban ,   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Giraldo-Hoyos Jaime Andrés ,   Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Bareño-Silva José ,   Universidad CES
Published: November 2024

Introducción: la ocupación de urgencias depende de múltiples factores y cada vez es más frecuente la sobreocupación, un problema difícil de medir y que impacta de forma negativa en el proceso de atención de los pacientes. Objetivos: determinar el nivel de ocupación del servicio de urgencias del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, mediante la aplicación de la escala NEDOCS (National Emergency Department Overcrowding study) según los factores hospitalarios de servicio, procesos, capacidad física y recurso humano. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se midió nivel de ocupación de urgencias durante dos semanas continuas. Análisis univariado, bivariado (c2 y correlación de Spearman) y multivariado (regresión lineal múltiple). Resultados: nivel peligrosamente congestionado por NEDOCS el 98,2% del tiempo. Asociando el nivel de ocupación según la percepción del urgentólogo con NEDOCS se obtuvo p 0,526. Modelo multivariado: total pacientes en urgencias (p=0,427), total pacientes en el área de reanimación (p=0,436) y total pacientes hospitalizados en urgencias (p 0,01) y R2 ajustado de 23 %. Conclusiones: el nivel de ocupación estuvo en peligrosamente congestionado la mayor parte del tiempo. No fue posible determinar los factores asociados al nivel de ocupación de urgencias mediante un modelo explicativo por el comportamiento constante de la variable desenlace.
Alfabetización en privacidad: enfoques y contenidos en las universidades y sus bibliotecas alrededor del mundo
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Johann Andréia Letícia , Muriel-Torrado Enrique ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Published: November 2024

En un contexto marcado por la vigilancia digital y el tratamiento de los datos personales como un bien, es fundamental abordar los temas relacionados con la privacidad de los individuos. En este sentido, los bibliotecarios tienen la responsabilidad de desarrollar la alfabetización en privacidad en los entornos académicos. El objetivo general de la investigación fue presentar un panorama del contenido sobre alfabetización en privacidad desarrollado a partir de una muestra de universidades de todo el mundo, utilizando los métodos bibliográfico y documental. La investigación bibliográfica reveló la discusión y la orientación de las instituciones bibliotecarias con respecto a la alfabetización en privacidad. En la investigación documental, con una muestra de las 10 mejores universidades de cada continente, se identificaron 66 contenidos relacionados con la alfabetización en privacidad, presentando al continente africano como el más representativo en la oferta de contenidos. En la categorización de los contenidos, se identificó que el pensamiento crítico está más presente en los enfoques, mientras que solo cinco de los contenidos totales incluían las tres categorías: pensamiento crítico, tecnosolucionista y legislativo en sus enfoques. Se sugiere para futuros trabajos el desarrollo de prácticas en alfabetización en privacidad aplicadas en bibliotecas universitarias, abordando los tres temas mencionados, y la búsqueda de alianzas con áreas que abordan el tema en las propias instituciones.
INDEPENDENT VERTEX NEIGHBORHOOD POLYNOMIALS: BEHAVIOR OF GRAPHS AND SOME APPLICATIONS
Authors: Bara Zuraida J. , Rasid Regimar A. , Artes Jr. Rosalio G.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we established the independent vertex neighborhood polynomials of complete graphs, paths, cycles, and complete bipartite graphs. In addition, we investigated these polynomials in terms of intersection points in the plane. Visual representations of graphs are presented to have closer properties of the polynomials comparing for different values of the order of the graph. Moreover, we model a social network activity as an application of this polynomial representation.
Experiences with One-to-One Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Sessions: Consensual Qualitative Research
Authors: Dietrich Kelsey M. , Strumbel Nicole M. , Baumann Ashley M. , Nguyen-Feng Viann N.
Published: November 2024

Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) is an evidence-based yoga intervention that has been used as an effective adjunct treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focused on TCTSY offered in group settings. The present study examined experiences of individuals practicing TCTSY one-to-one (i.e., one client, one TCTSY facilitator). Study aims were to: (1) learn about participants’ experiences with and reasons for attending one-to-one TCTSY; (2) describe and compare participants’ experiences between group and one-to-one yoga settings; (3) explore participants’ perceptions of the impacts of TCTSY on their trauma healing; and (4) document participants’ intentions for continued one-to-one TCTSY use. Semistructured interviews were offered to participants at completion of a longitudinal observational study of one-to-one TCTSY; 4 of the 10 participants agreed to be interviewed. Interviewees were located in the United States and self-reported experiencing childhood trauma and a current PTSD diagnosis. Following the consensual qualitative research method, domains were initially created deductively by the team. Adjustments, as well as categories and core ideas, were created inductively. Results indicated that participants: (1) preferred one-to-one over groups because of perceived safety and comfort; (2) had positive experiences with TCTSY; (3) perceived biopsychosocial benefits from the practice and described using TCTSY principles outside of sessions; and (4) intended to practice indefinitely. This study provided insight to the lived experiences of participants who use TCTSY as complementary care. Yoga facilitators and clinical trauma care providers are recommended to collaborate to offer one-to-one somatic-based approaches to create more access options for trauma healing.
Risk of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament injury due to kinesiophobia: A narrative review
Authors: Julio Zago  , G. Santos Eros , S. Silva Hugnaton , Rondinel Tatiana , Queiroz Rogério , Pivetta Renan , Nascimento Leonardo , Amatuzzi Fellipe , Drummond Adriano , Chiappa Gaspar
Published: November 2024

Background: Fear of movement after a primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture has been a risk factor for the emergence of a contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (CACL) injury. Objective: Investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia and CACL. Methods: This is a narrative review that investigated the relationship between kinesiophobia and CACL injury. The search for articles was performed in the digital databases Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Pedro and Web of Science, published in any language over a ten-year period. Articles that evaluated and followed athletes with kinesiophobia who returned to sport were included. Results: A total of three articles were eligible for analysis, with two showing a relationship between high kinesiophobia in patients who ruptured the ACL, while one study showed no differences between kinesiophobia in patients who ruptured the ACL compared to athletes without injury. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that athletes who have a high level of kinesiophobia during ACL reconstruction surgical recovery have a moderate risk of rupture of the CACL.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Machine Learning Techniques for Silver Price Prediction: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ergin Erhan , Eren Binali Selman
Published: November 2024

Silver is considered an important asset in terms of economic indicators and a valuable investment asset in terms of the markets. Therefore, determining silver prices is critically important for both national economies and investors. However, the non-stationary and non-linear nature of silver prices makes predicting price movements challenging. The methods used for predicting silver prices must be suitable for capturing these volatile and complex behavioral characteristics. The silver market can be influenced by other commodities and investment assets. Factors affecting silver prices, such as gold prices, Brent crude oil prices, the US Dollar index, the VIX index, and the S&P 500 index, can play a significant role. In this context, these variables have been used as inputs for predicting silver prices in the study. Three different models have been developed to predict the prices one, two, and three days ahead. These models have been predicted using four different machine learning methods: linear regression, support vector regression (SMOReg), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and random forest (RF). The results show that the random forest and k-NN methods exhibit the highest performance. The random forest achieves the highest accuracy in the first two models, while k-NN excels in the third model. Linear regression and SMOReg methods are less successful compared to the others. Consequently, it can be concluded that random forest and k-NN methods can be preferred for long-term predictions, and that these results may provide valuable insights, especially for investors and decision-makers.