bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la efectividad de las micorrizas vesículo-arbusculares nativas sobre el desarrollo vegetativo y la producción de maíz chococito cultivado en suelos de vocación minera, en la cuenca alta del río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Vega Hurtado Viky Yency , Mosquera Blandón Moisés
Published: January 2021

Con el propósito de evaluar la efectividad de las micorrizas V. A. nativas sobre el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo de maíz chococito cultivado en zonas del municipio de Tadó, el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP) determinó que la inoculación de diferentes dosis (0, 100,150 y 250 g/ plántula) del genero Glomus sp. producida por el IIAP, a plántulas de dicha especie en fase de vivero, produjo una efectiva y eficaz inoculación. Se aplicó el procedimiento del Manual de Métodos para la investigación de las micorrizas V. A. y otros simbiontes en el laboratorio, propuesto por Sieverding (1983) y se desarrollaron cuatro fases en campo. Los resultados demuestran que bajo las condiciones agroambientales de la zona de estudio, la efectiva relación simbiótica establecida entre el inóculo aplicado y planta de maíz chococito, mejoró su desarrollo foliar, desarrollo longitudinal, grosor del tallo, número y tamaño de mazorcas y producción. Los tratamientos 150 y 250 g/plántula generaron la mejor efectividad y mayores diferencias significativas respecto al testigo, pero no entre ellos.
Valores culturales: una opción para el desarrollo de productos ecoturísticos en el Pacífico chocoano
Authors: Guerra Gutiérrez Jairo Miguel
Published: January 2021

Mitos, leyendas, prácticas productivas, medicina tradicional, conocimiento tradicional asociado con la vivienda, el manejo y aprovechamiento de bosques y fauna, son algunos de los valores que tienen a disposición los operadores turísticos para enriquecer la oferta natural y desarrollar productos ecoturísticos con alta probabilidad de obtener diversas certificaciones que les garantizarían acceso al mercado y mayor competitividad. El turismo ofertado actualmente en el Chocó biogeográfico se caracteriza por aprovechar el disfrute de la belleza escénica natural y algunos elementos de las costumbres de las comunidades afro e indígenas asentadas ancestralmente en la zona, y sobre todo por su gastronomía y artesanías; pero el desarrollo de productos con las caracterís- ticas del ecoturismo, son precarios. El Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP) (2010), realizó una investigación en las comunidades aledañas al Parque Nacional Natural (PNN) Utría, cuyos resultados son parte del soporte de este artículo. Se utilizó la metodología etnográfica para describir los valores culturales en las comunidades afro de Jurubirá y El Valle y en las indígenas de El Brazo y Boroboro.
Physical and chemical properties of urban aerosols in São Paulo,
Brazil: Links between composition and size distribution of
submicron particles
Authors: Monteiro dos Santos Djacinto , Rizzo Luciana Varanda , Carbone Samara , Schlag Patrick , Artaxo Paulo
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this work, the relationships between size and composition of submicron particles (PM1) were analyzed at an urban site in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), a megacity with about 21 million inhabitants. The measurements were carried out from 20th December 2016 to 15th March 2017. The chemical composition was measured with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor and size distribution with a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 3082. PM1 mass concentrations in the MASP had an average mass concentration of 11.4 μg m−3. Organic aerosol (OA) dominated the PM1 composition (56 %), followed by sulfate (15 %) and equivalent black carbon (eBC, 13 %). Four OA classes were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization: oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, 40 % of OA), biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA, 13 %), and two hydrocarbon-like OA components (a typical HOA related to vehicular emissions (16 %), and a second HOA (21 %) representing a mix of anthropogenic sources). Particle number concentrations averaged 12100 ± 6900 cm−3, dominated by the Aitken mode. Accumulation mode increased under relatively high PM1 concentrations, suggesting an enhancement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. Conversely, the contribution of nucleation mode particles was less dependent on PM1 levels, coherent with vehicular emissions. The relationship between aerosol size modes and PM1 composition was assessed by multilinear regression models. Mass loading in the nucleation mode was associated mostly with eBC, HOA and OOA, suggesting the contribution of primary and secondary particles from traffic sources. Secondary inorganic aerosols were partitioned between Aitken and accumulation modes, related to condensation particle growth processes. Submicron mass loading in accumulation mode was mostly associated with highly oxidized OOA and also traffic-related emissions. To the author's knowledge, this is the first work that use the MLR methodology to estimate the chemical composition of the different aerosol size modes. The results emphasize the relevance of vehicular emissions to the air quality at MASP and highlight the key role of secondary processes on the PM1 ambient concentrations in the region since 56 % of PM1 mass loading was attributed to SOA and secondary inorganic aerosol.
Performance of offline passive tracer advection in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS; v3.6, revision 904)
Authors: Thyng Kristen M. , Kobashi Daijiro , Ruiz-Xomchuk Veronica , Qu Lixin , Chen Xu , Hetland Robert D.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Offline advection schemes allow for low-computational-cost simulations using existing model output. This study presents the approach and assessment for passive offline tracer advection within the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). An advantage of running the code within ROMS itself is consistency in the numerics on- and offline. We find that the offline tracer model is robust: after about 14 d of simulation (almost 60 units of time normalized by the advection timescale), the skill score comparing offline output to the online simulation using the TS_U3HADVECTION and TS_C4VADVECTION (third-order upstream horizontal advection and fourth-order centered vertical advection) tracer advection schemes is 99.6 % accurate for an offline time step 20 times larger than the online time step as well as online output saved with a period below the advection timescale. For the MPDATA tracer advection scheme, accuracy is more variable with the offline time step and forcing input frequency choices, but it is still over 99 % for many reasonable choices. Both schemes are conservative. Important factors for maintaining high offline accuracy are outputting from the online simulation often enough to resolve the advection timescale, forcing offline using realistic vertical salinity diffusivity values from the online simulation, and using double precision to save results.
On the comparison of strain measurements from fibre optics with dense seismometer array at Etna volcano (Italy)
Authors: Currenti Gilda , Jousset Philippe , Napoli Rosalba , Krawczyk Charlotte , Weber Michael
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We demonstrate the capability of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) in recording volcano related dynamic strain at Etna (Italy). In summer 2019, we gathered DAS measurements from a 1.5 km long fibre in a shallow trench and seismic records from a conventional dense array comprising 26 broadband sensors deployed in Piano delle Concazze close to the summit area. The multifaceted style of Etna activity during the acquisition period gives the extraordinary opportunity to record and detect tiny strain changes (few 10−8 strain) in correspondence with volcanic events. To validate the DAS strain measures, we explored array-derived methods to estimate strain changes from the seismic signals and to compare with strain DAS signals. A general good agreement was found between array-derived strain and DAS measures along the fibre optic cable. Short wavelength discrepancies correspond with fault zones, showing the potential of DAS in mapping local perturbations of the strain field, and thus site effect, due to small-scale heterogeneities in volcanic settings.
The Moderating Effect of Non-audit Services Fee on Aggressive Tax Planning: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian Listed Companies
Authors: Jaffar Rosmaria , Derashid Chek , Taha Roshaiza
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of non-audit services fees on the relationship between size, profitability, leverage, capital intensity, inventory intensity, financial distress and ethnicity with aggressive tax planning. This study uses a sample from companies listed on the Malaysian (Access, Certainty, Efficiency (ACE) Market from 2014 to 2018, comprising of 105 firm year-observations. The finding shows that the non-audit services fee moderate the relationship between size, profitability, leverage, inventory intensity, financial distress and ethnicity with aggressive tax planning except for capital intensity. It is hoped that the finding can assist readers in understanding the nature of companies listed on the ACE Market, particularly their behaviour towards tax planning. This study contributes to knowledge in the areas of financial accounting and taxation specifically on aggressive tax planning, by introducing the moderating variable of non-audit services fee. The uniqueness of the use of companies listed on the Malaysian ACE market will provide new avenue on the discussion on an aggressive tax planning issue, which usually more focus on big firms. The framework used in the present study could serve as a basis for research in other developing countries or regions.
The presence of humanistic caring before enrolling in nursing undergraduate programs: Perceptions of nursing students and nurses
Authors: Létourneau Dimitri , Goudreau Johanne , Cara Chantal
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Learning to become a humanistic and caring practitioner is expected by nursing regulatory bodies. Previous investigations revealed that several pedagogical activities used in nursing education programs could facilitate this learning process. There are also studies that underscored the contributions of non-academical experiences to humanistic caring practices. This paper describes nursing students’ and nurses’ lived experiences prior to nursing that contribute to the development of humanistic caring.Methods: The study drew on interpretive phenomenology and 26 participants were individually interviewed. Benner’s (1994) method was adapted and concretized into five iterative phases of phenomenological analysis that cooccurred with data collection.Results: Six themes emerged from the interpretation process, describing how humanistic caring is developed before enrolling in nursing. First, there are natural humanistic and caring dispositions. Second, there are experiences 1) involving family members, 2) related to the public sector, 3) associated with a friend, 4) featuring an encounter with a nurse, and 5) related to spirituality. Overall, relationships that participants had previously developed appeared to be at the core of the development of their humanistic caring.Conclusions: The findings strongly suggest that nursing students hold a variable degree of natural dispositions. These inclinations are enhanced through experiences inextricable to human life that will most likely generate learning. Nursing students thus start their education with a definite potential to humanize care. To facilitate the development of humanistic caring, educators may encourage students to reflect on and become aware of their past experiences and learning.
A study of selected features of Shan Tong variety of plantation paulownia and its wood properties
Authors: Kozakiewicz Paweł , Laskowska Agnieszka , Ciołek Sylwia
Published: January 2021

A study of selected features of Shan Tong variety of plantation paulownia and its wood properties. The study was conducted on three-year-old and representative paulownia tree of the Shan Tong variety, from a plantation in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland. The three-year-old paulownia tree was 4.2 m high and its diameter at butt level was of 11 cm. The tree provided material for the study from its three-year-old shoot, which was divided into three parts: leaves, branches and the main trunk. According to calculations, this typical paulownia tree (a three-year-old shoot) from a plantation accumulated 4.664 kg of carbon in the part above the ground level, which corresponds to the absorption of 17.101 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere. Taking into account the underground part of this plant, it can be estimated that it absorbed over 30 kg of CO2 (on average, ca. 10 kg CO2 per year). The density of paulownia wood in absolute dry state was ca. 250 kg/m3. The width of annual growth rings was ca. 1.5 cm. This kind of wood is highly porous, with porosity of about 85% (good thermal insulation), and at the same time it has favourable resistance properties characterized by the modulus of elasticity of 4.05 GPa.
Forekomst av villet egenskade estimert ved data fra Norsk pasientregister
Authors: Qin Ping , Burrell Lisa V. , Bøe Anne S. , Mehlum Lars
Published: January 2021

Pasientregistre er verdifulle kilder til å identifisere villet egenskade på befolkningsnivå, men vi mangler innsikt i hvordan vi best benytter denne komplekse datakilden. I denne studien har vi benyttet data fra Norsk pasientregister for å identifisere tilfeller og estimere forekomsten av medisinsk behandlet villet egenskade ved hjelp av kombinasjoner av diagnostiske koder. Dataene av alle akutt behandlingskontakter grunnet ytre årsaker ved somatiske sykehus 2008–2013 ble satt sammen og videre prosessert gjennom en flertrinns analytisk strategi. Gjennom en grundig undersøkelse av 13533 registrerte tilfellene av villet egenskade utarbeidet vi et system av diagnosekodekombinasjoner for å identifisere alle sannsynlige tilfeller av villet egenskade. Denne prosessen resulterte i totalt 38433 tilfeller (justerte tilfeller) – et tall som er 2,84 ganger høyere enn det registrerte antallet tilfeller av villet egenskade i studieperioden. Disse justerte tilfellene tilsvarer rundt 6400 tilfeller hos 5100 personer per år, hvilket svarer til en årlig kumulativ insidensrate på 121,0 per 100000 personer eldre enn 10 år. Studien viser at villet egenskade behandlet ved norske sykehus sannsynligvis er et vesentlig mer omfattende problem enn antatt og at data fra Norsk pasientregister er en viktig kilde for innhenting av kunnskap om karakteristikker av slike skader og om utviklingen av forekomst over tid.
Stabile tal for sjølvmord i Noreg
Authors: Pileberg Silje
Published: January 2021

Tala for sjølvmord i Noreg er nokså stabile for 2019 i forhold til tidlegare år, ifølgje Ping Qin, professor i medisin ved NSSF
Youth Suicide Research: Some Current Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Robinson Joe , Teh Zoe
Published: January 2021

Rates of youth suicide are increasing. Frameworks for suicide prevention activities exist and span universal,selective and indicated interventions, but how do they apply to young people? In order to answer this question,we conducted i) a systematic review and meta-analysis of almost 100 studies that examined the full spectrum ofyouth suicide interventions, and ii) a consultation with young people from across Australia. These activities ledto a program of work that was specifically developed by and for young people and that has young people as activepartners in the research. In this paper we describe some of the gaps in current youth suicide prevention researchefforts and discuss some of the challenges and opportunities that including young people as active partnersin suicide research presents.
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars
Published: January 2021

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Development and Experimentation of an Articulated Mechanical System using Internet
Authors: ZENDAOUI F. Z. , MAHMOUDI M. O. , ZAATRI A.
Published: January 2021

Hostile environments such as nuclear sites are difficult for men to perform tasks safely. The objective of our work is to construct and test an experimental system of teleoperation oriented to the pick-and-place tasks, using Internet. Two PCs are used, one at the local site and the second at the remote site. The interconnection between these sites is based on the TCP/IP sockets. In the remote site; a webcam sends images manipulator arm through Internet to the control site where a human operator remotely monitors this robot in order to achieve pick-and-place tasks. The camera is horizontally and vertically adjustable. The robot and camera are both controlled remotely via the Internet. A human-centered design has been used to build up the graphical user interface. The task supervision is performed from a local site through an Internet interconnection TCP/IP protocol. The software is mainly written in Java while some low level functions are written with C. Some experiments were successfully realized in local area network, and remotely at a large distance via Internet. The obtained results encouraged us to test other control modes with our system as, mouse-click command, Image-Based Commands and Gesture commands. Therefore, the system can then be used and adapted for various industrial and medical applications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.19386
Is Experiential Learning Possible with Active Music Education?
Authors: Aycan Kivanc
Published: January 2021

This study was designed to understand the effects of experiential learning style test on elementary music and movement education experiences of students. Despite the general music education in Turkey elementary music and movement, education was used. The students were expected to gain experience, by the way, perceiving the rhythm of the words, singing, dancing, and playing free and regular games. The rhythm studies similar to the prosody written according to the rules of classical Ottoman poetry were developed with the participants. And also the students interpreted the test results according to these experiences. At the end of the study, the rhythm studies similar to the prosody written according to the rules of classical Ottoman poetry were developed with the participants. While the rhythm of the syllables and words were studied by the applications and also the letters were provided with the correct accent and intonation during the syllables. The experiential learning style test was used to understand how the students affected their elementary music and movement education experiences. And also the students interpreted the test results according to these experiences.
Orthoses Development Using Modern Technologies
Authors: Štefanovič Branko , Danko Mária , Michalíková Monika , Bednarčíková Lucia , Rajťúková Viktória , Tóth Teodor , Trebuňová Marianna , Hudák Radovan , Živčák Jozef
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to design, manufacture and verify orthoses using innovative methods. 3D scanning, additive manufacturing and CAD/CAM software are applied during the development process. Target group of the study are subjects with insufficient gripping and manipulating functions of the arm and forearm. Positives are obtained using a hand-held 3D scanner Artec Eva. Specific 3D scanning methodology is applied during this process. Individual orthoses are designed in an open-source CAD software Meshmixer and manufactured by FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) additive technology from a biocompatible plastic material. All models are inspected and verified in an analysis software VGStudio MAX. Given methodology can be used not only for this specific purpose, but also for orthosis development in general.
On the Generalized Simplest Equations: Toward the Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Nugroho Gunawan , Agus Darwito Purwadi , Agung Wahyuono Ruri , Raditya Murry
Published: January 2021

The simplest equations with variable coefficients are considered in this research. The purpose of this study is to extend the procedure for solving the nonlinear differential equation with variable coefficients. In this case, the generalized Riccati equation is solved and becomes a basis to tackle the nonlinear differential equations with variable coefficients. The method shows that Jacobi and Weierstrass equations can be rearranged to become Riccati equation. It is also important to highlight that the solving procedure also involves the reduction of higher order polynomials with examples of Korteweg de Vries and elliptic-like equations. The generalization of the method is also explained for the case of first order polynomial differential equation.
Land Use Change Affects Soil Organic Carbon: An Indicator of Soil Health
Authors: W. Ngatia Lucy , Moriasi Daniel , M. Grace III Johnny , Fu Riqiang , S. Gardner Cassel , W. Taylor Robert
Published: January 2021

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major indicator of soil health. Globally, soil contains approximately 2344 Gt of organic carbon (OC), which is the largest terrestrial pool of OC. Through plant growth, soil health is connected with the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. Provides ecosystem services which include climate regulation, water supplies and regulation, nutrient cycling, erosion protection and enhancement of biodiversity. Global increase in land use change from natural vegetation to agricultural land has been documented as a result of intensification of agricultural practices in response to an increasing human population. Consequently, these changes have resulted in depletion of SOC stock, thereby negatively affecting agricultural productivity and provision of ecosystem services. This necessitates the need to consider technological options that promote retention of SOC stocks. Options to enhance SOC include; no-tillage/conservation agriculture, irrigation, increasing below-ground inputs, organic amendments, and integrated, and diverse cropping/farming systems. In addition, land use conversion from cropland to its natural vegetation improves soil C stocks, highlighting the importance of increasing agricultural production per unit land instead of expanding agricultural land to natural areas.
A Pediatric Parathyroid Carcinoma: An Unusual Clinical Presentation and Mini-review
Authors: Rahimi Abbas , Shahbazi Roghayeh , Nikuei Pooneh , Soleimani Sanaz , Moradkhani Azadeh , Atashabparvar Ali , Khajehrahimi Farnaz , Zoghi Ghazal , Kheirandish Masoumeh
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare condition in the pediatric population. Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a very uncommon cause of PHPT, accounting for < 1% of pediatric PHPT cases. It is challenging to distinguish between parathyroid adenoma (PA), the most common cause of PHPT, and PC. In this report, we described a young female who presented with a history of progressive limping and was finally diagnosed with PC. Case Presentation: A 15-year-old girl presented with progressive limping and bone pain for 8 years. She was referred by an orthopedic surgeon because of elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for further evaluation. Physical examination revealed a large, firm, and non-tender neck mass, left hip tenderness, and limited range of motion. The initial biochemistry tests showed a borderline high calcium level of 10.8 mg/dl, an elevated iPTH level of 2876 pg/mL, and a decreased phosphorus level of 2.4 mg/dL. The 99mTechnetium (Tc) sestamibi scan displayed early intense activity in the right thyroid lobe persisting in the three-hour repeat scan, compatible with a parathyroid lesion. The patient underwent right-sided neck exploration and parathyroidectomy. Intraoperative and pathology findings confirmed the diagnosis of PC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining revealed creatine kinase (CK) and CD31 in endothelial cells of the tumor. Ki67 staining was also positive in 2% - 3% of tumor cells. The whole exome sequencing (WES) study was negative for cell division cycle 73 (CDC73) and multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) genes. Conclusions: PC should be considered as a differential diagnosis of PHPT in the pediatric population, even in the presence of mild hypercalcemia.
Rozvoj řečové dovednosti mluvení s využitím asynchronních ICT nástrojů: přehledová studie
Authors: Nerušilová Terezie
Published: January 2021

This review aims to map the research connected with the use of ICT tools for the development of speaking skill in foreign language learning. It is based on nine international studies showing in which ways the asynchronous online environment can be used for the development of the speaking skill, emphasising the positive influence of ICT on students’ motivation, and some of them pointing out the importance of feedback.
Latour a sémiotika: Teorie znaku jako součást a kritika ANT
Authors: Švantner Martin
Published: January 2021

The study’s focus is to identify the conceptual conditions of Latourian ANT as conditions that can be formulated as a specific theory of sign (so-called “material-semiotics”). Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to analyse selected semiotic aspects of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), namely Latour’s definition of an “actor” as an “actant” and his notion of the “semiotic fabrication” of agency. The interpretation strategy of this essay is a critical comparison of different understandings of the theory of the sign, namely (Saussurean) semiology, (Greimasian) semiotics and (Peircean) semeiotic. Interpretations of these semiotic paradigms comprise the main part of the text along with the evaluation of the Kohn-Latour debate, which can be understood as a more specific development of the Peircean semeiotic. The study points out the controversial aspects of Latour’s acceptance of certain semiotic concepts and their subsequent transposition into the ANT area.
La formación de los médicos especialistas en España
Authors: Aguayo-Albasini José Luis
Published: January 2021

Se presenta un bosquejo histórico del proceso de formación de médicos especialistas en España: el llamado sistema MIR, un sistema supervisado y remunerado de adquisición de las competencias. No fue hasta finales de los años 70 del pasado siglo cuando se inició un desarrollo extraordinario del sistema de residencia en todo el país, que llega a ser exclusivo. Hasta entonces la consecución y el ejercicio de una especialidad médica carecían, por lo general, de garantías. Hoy hay una estructura hospitalaria acreditada y sólida para la formación de especialistas médicos (que se ha ampliado a otras profesiones sanitarias) y una normativa reguladora de los órganos docentes que garantiza estrictamente el proceso. El sistema mantiene aspectos mejorables.

A historical sketch of the training process for specialist doctors in Spain is presented: the socalled MIR system, a supervised and paid system for the acquisition of competencies. It was not until the end of the 70s of the last century when an extraordinary development of the residence system began throughout the country, which became exclusive. Until then, the achievement and practice of a medical specialty generally lacked guarantees. Today there is an accredited and solid hospital structure for the training of medical specialists (which has been extended to other health professions) and a regulation of the teaching bodies that strictly guarantees the process. The system maintains aspects that could be improved

Key words: Medical education, medical specialization, posgratuate training
Un marco jurídico para la empresa social en la Unión Europea
Authors: Uliondo Igone Altzelai
Published: January 2021

Las instituciones europeas siguen avanzando en la iniciativa legislativa del Parlamento Europeo para la aprobación de un Estatuto para las empresas sociales y solidarias así como en la implantación de una Etiqueta de Empresa Social Europea. Reconocen la diversidad de acepciones del término “empresa social” (ya sea desde el punto de vista sociológico, jurídico, etc.) y las notables diferencias entre los ordenamientos jurídicos de los Estados miembros. Por ello, insisten en la necesidad de adoptar una definición y crear un marco jurídico a escala de la Unión Europea que pueda conjugar con los ordenamientos nacionales y con la diversidad de formas jurídicas que de ellos se derivan. Al estudio de ese marco jurídico está dedicado el presente trabajo.
Voces y transformaciones del monólogo y apreciaciones sobre Divino Pastor Góngora de Jaime Chabaud
Authors: Vincent Nidia M.
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito acercarse al monólogo, forma teatral poco atendida por la crítica y cuya presencia e importancia en la escena actual va en ascenso. Para ello, se revisarán algunos presupuestos y rasgos del monólogo teatral y se hará un rápido recorrido por su desarrollo en el teatro occidental; se pondrá énfasis en el monólogo como obra autónoma a partir del monodrama realista de Strindberg u O’Neill y los aportes del teatro del Absurdo. Asimismo, se revisará resumidamente su evolución en México, desde el teatro novohispano hasta la actualidad para, finalmente, enfocarse en la obra Divino Pastor Góngora (2001) del dramaturgo mexicano Jaime Chabaud (n. 1966), uno de los autores de la llamada “Generación de los sesenta”. Divino Pastor Góngora es un monólogo ambientado en el siglo XVIII en la Nueva España, que trata sobre el desafortunado destino de un actor que ha caído en manos de la justicia y desde su encierro da a conocer su historia y escenifica un sainete. La obra se analizará por su estructura, sus múltiples personajes y estrategias monologales, además de comentar elementos de metateatralidad, humor y e intertextualidad.
Roles of the ClC chloride channel CLH-1 in food-associated salt chemotaxis behavior of C. elegans
Authors: Park Chanhyun , Sakurai Yuki , Sato Hirofumi , Kanda Shinji , Iino Yuichi , Kunitomo Hirofumi
Published: January 2021

The ability of animals to process dynamic sensory information facilitates foraging in an ever-changing environment. However, molecular and neural mechanisms underlying such ability remain elusive. The ClC anion channels/transporters play a pivotal role in cellular ion homeostasis across all phyla. Here, we find a ClC chloride channel is involved in salt concentration chemotaxis ofCaenorhabditis elegans. Genetic screening identified two altered-function mutations ofclh-1that disrupt experience-dependent salt chemotaxis. Using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, we demonstrate that CLH-1 contributes to regulation of intracellular anion and calcium dynamics of salt-sensing neuron, ASER. The mutant CLH-1 reduced responsiveness of ASER to salt stimuli in terms of both temporal resolution and intensity, which disrupted navigation strategies for approaching preferred salt concentrations. Furthermore, other ClC genes appeared to act redundantly in salt chemotaxis. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of neuronal responsivity by ClCs that contribute to modulation of navigation behavior.
Supervised mutational signatures for obesity and other tissue-specific etiological factors in cancer
Authors: Afsari Bahman , Kuo Albert , Zhang YiFan , Li Lu , Lahouel Kamel , Danilova Ludmila , Favorov Alexander , Rosenquist Thomas A , Grollman Arthur P , Kinzler Ken W , Cope Leslie , Vogelstein Bert , Tomasetti Cristian
Published: January 2021

Determining the etiologic basis of the mutations that are responsible for cancer is one of the fundamental challenges in modern cancer research. Different mutational processes induce different types of DNA mutations, providing ‘mutational signatures’ that have led to key insights into cancer etiology. The most widely used signatures for assessing genomic data are based on unsupervised patterns that are then retrospectively correlated with certain features of cancer. We show here that supervised machine-learning techniques can identify signatures, called SuperSigs, that are more predictive than those currently available. Surprisingly, we found that aging yields different SuperSigs in different tissues, and the same is true for environmental exposures. We were able to discover SuperSigs associated with obesity, the most important lifestyle factor contributing to cancer in Western populations.
Epigenetic reprogramming rewires transcription during the alternation of generations in Arabidopsis
Authors: Borg Michael , Papareddy Ranjith K , Dombey Rodolphe , Axelsson Elin , Nodine Michael D , Twell David , Berger Frédéric
Published: January 2021

Alternation between morphologically distinct haploid and diploid life forms is a defining feature of most plant and algal life cycles, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern these transitions remain unclear. Here, we explore the dynamic relationship between chromatin accessibility and epigenetic modifications during life form transitions in Arabidopsis. The diploid-to-haploid life form transition is governed by the loss of H3K9me2 and DNA demethylation of transposon-associated cis-regulatory elements. This event is associated with dramatic changes in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional reprogramming. In contrast, the global loss of H3K27me3 in the haploid form shapes a chromatin accessibility landscape that is poised to re-initiate the transition back to diploid life after fertilisation. Hence, distinct epigenetic reprogramming events rewire transcription through major reorganisation of the regulatory epigenome to guide the alternation of generations in flowering plants.
Principles of dengue virus evolvability derived from genotype-fitness maps in human and mosquito cells
Authors: Dolan Patrick T , Taguwa Shuhei , Rangel Mauricio Aguilar , Acevedo Ashley , Hagai Tzachi , Andino Raul , Frydman Judith
Published: January 2021

Dengue virus (DENV) cycles between mosquito and mammalian hosts. To examine how DENV populations adapt to these different host environments, we used serial passage in human and mosquito cell lines and estimated fitness effects for all single-nucleotide variants in these populations using ultra-deep sequencing. This allowed us to determine the contributions of beneficial and deleterious mutations to the collective fitness of the population. Our analysis revealed that the continuous influx of a large burden of deleterious mutations counterbalances the effect of rare, host-specific beneficial mutations to shape the path of adaptation. Beneficial mutations preferentially map to intrinsically disordered domains in the viral proteome and cluster to defined regions in the genome. These phenotypically redundant adaptive alleles may facilitate host-specific DENV adaptation. Importantly, the evolutionary constraints described in our simple system mirror trends observed across DENV and Zika strains, indicating it recapitulates key biophysical and biological constraints shaping long-term viral evolution.
TRIM37 prevents formation of centriolar protein assemblies by regulating Centrobin
Authors: Balestra Fernando R , Domínguez-Calvo Andrés , Wolf Benita , Busso Coralie , Buff Alizée , Averink Tessa , Lipsanen-Nyman Marita , Huertas Pablo , Ríos Rosa M , Gönczy Pierre
Published: January 2021

TRIM37 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mutated in Mulibrey nanism, a disease with impaired organ growth and increased tumor formation. TRIM37 depletion from tissue culture cells results in supernumerary foci bearing the centriolar protein Centrin. Here, we characterize these centriolar protein assemblies (Cenpas) to uncover the mechanism of action of TRIM37. We find that an atypical de novo assembly pathway can generate Cenpas that act as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), including in Mulibrey patient cells. Correlative light electron microscopy reveals that Cenpas are centriole-related or electron-dense structures with stripes. TRIM37 regulates the stability and solubility of Centrobin, which accumulates in elongated entities resembling the striped electron dense structures upon TRIM37 depletion. Furthermore, Cenpas formation upon TRIM37 depletion requires PLK4, as well as two parallel pathways relying respectively on Centrobin and PLK1. Overall, our work uncovers how TRIM37 prevents Cenpas formation, which would otherwise threaten genome integrity.
Asymmetric random walks reveal that the chemotaxis network modulates flagellar rotational bias in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Antani Jyot D , Sumali Anita X , Lele Tanmay P , Lele Pushkar P
Published: January 2021

The canonical chemotaxis network modulates the bias for a particular direction of rotation in the bacterial flagellar motor to help the cell migrate toward favorable chemical environments. How the chemotaxis network in Helicobacter pylori modulates flagellar functions is unknown, which limits our understanding of chemotaxis in this species. Here, we determined that H. pylori swim faster (slower) whenever their flagella rotate counterclockwise (clockwise) by analyzing their hydrodynamic interactions with bounding surfaces. This asymmetry in swimming helped quantify the rotational bias. Upon exposure to a chemo-attractant, the bias decreased and the cells tended to swim exclusively in the faster mode. In the absence of a key chemotaxis protein, CheY, the bias was zero. The relationship between the reversal frequency and the rotational bias was unimodal. Thus, H. pylori’s chemotaxis network appears to modulate the probability of clockwise rotation in otherwise counterclockwise-rotating flagella, similar to the canonical network.
Assessment Beliefs and Practices of Libyan Secondary School English Language Teachers
Authors: Nimehchisalem Vahid , Abdalla Marwa M.
Published: January 2021

Despite the increasing concerns about the importance of assessment, the studies that directly address the assessment beliefs and practices among Libyan secondary school English language teachers are scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the Libyan teachers’ classroom-based assessment beliefs and practices and the relationship between them. For this purpose, a total of 90 Libyan English teachers participated in a survey by responding to a questionnaire which explored their beliefs and practices in the four stages of assessment; namely, planning, implementing, monitoring and recording. Based on their perceptions, other than their confusion over ethical matters in assessment, the teachers’ beliefs and practices generally seemed to be at an acceptable level. The results also demonstrated that the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and practices is positively moderate and significant in all stages of assessment. The findings are expected to provide insights into the difficulties encountered by the language teachers and learners in the assessment processes, and therefore, enhance assessment practice and learning conditions.
Classification of botnet attacks in IoT smart factory using honeypot combined with machine learning
Authors: Lee Seungjin , Abdullah Azween , Jhanjhi Nz , Kok Sh
Published: January 2021

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 began with the breakthrough technological advances in 5G, and artificial intelligence has innovatively transformed the manufacturing industry from digitalization and automation to the new era of smart factories. A smart factory can do not only more than just produce products in a digital and automatic system, but also is able to optimize the production on its own by integrating production with process management, service distribution, and customized product requirement. A big challenge to the smart factory is to ensure that its network security can counteract with any cyber attacks such as botnet and Distributed Denial of Service, They are recognized to cause serious interruption in production, and consequently economic losses for company producers. Among many security solutions, botnet detection using honeypot has shown to be effective in some investigation studies. It is a method of detecting botnet attackers by intentionally creating a resource within the network with the purpose of closely monitoring and acquiring botnet attacking behaviors. For the first time, a proposed model of botnet detection was experimented by combing honeypot with machine learning to classify botnet attacks. A mimicking smart factory environment was created on IoT device hardware configuration. Experimental results showed that the model performance gave a high accuracy of above 96%, with very fast time taken of just 0.1 ms and false positive rate at 0.24127 using random forest algorithm with Weka machine learning program. Hence, the honeypot combined machine learning model in this study was proved to be highly feasible to apply in the security network of smart factory to detect botnet attacks.
El impacto del Correo de la Exposición en arte, ciencia, prensa y modernización
Authors:   Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Alvarado Cornejo Manuel , Alvarado Cornejo Marina ,   Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del trabajo es demostrar que el periódico Correo de la Exposición (1875), surgido como suplemento de la Exhibición Internacional de Chile de 1875, fue un “aparato estético” (Déotte), superando su carácter complementario. La novedad de este trabajo radica en que se descubre el discurso cientificista y artístico que profundiza los avances obtenidos en am-bas materias hacia 1875. Las conclusiones del trabajo señalan que Correo de la Exposición impuso sus propias reglas exhibitivas y mecanismos de aparición especialmente de las Bellas Artes, por lo cual es un periódico relevante para la historia de la crítica artística chilena.
Unidad, paisaje y lugar en la fotografía colombiana, alrededor de 1900
Authors:   Universidad EAN, Rojas Cocoma Carlos
Published: January 2021

A finales del siglo XIX, la fotografía de paisaje en Colombia contribuyó a crear las primeras imágenes de la región. La manera de representar el espacio, comparado con técnicas pictó-ricas, implicó la creación de una imagen que reconociera una unidad visual. En la presente investigación se analizaron cerca de 800 fotografías de diversos acopios documentales que permitieron interpretar cómo, mediante el desarrollo de estas imágenes y de su popula-rización a través de medios como la tarjeta postal, se impulsó el desarrollo de emblemas simbólicos del paisaje. Siguiendo de cerca la idea de unidad desde el pensamiento de Georg Simmel, profundizando a través de la noción de cliché de Gilles Deleuze en su seminario sobre pintura, y tomando el mismo concepto desde la obra de la lingüista Ruth Amossy, analizaremos cómo en Colombia, por medio de las adaptaciones visuales de la fotografía, el paisaje adquirió la forma visual que le permitió transformar un lugar en un ícono.
Moradas, viajes, lecciones: cronotopo e intensidad en el "novísimo" cine chileno
Authors:   Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Albornoz Fariña Ignacio Nicolás
Published: January 2021

Este artículo expone algunas actualizaciones del cronotopo bajtiniano del camino en tres filmes del “novísimo cine chileno”. En primer lugar, se estudiarán las modalidades viajeras que las tres obras proponen, gracias a nociones de la filosofía y la teoría del turismo.2 Se identificará, luego, una serie de submotivos cronotópicos, verdaderos momentos afectivos, que desembocarán en nuestra hipótesis de trabajo; a saber, que las protagonistas de cada filme recorren un “espacio liso”, genérico, hecho de intensidades, un “medio” donde lo que prima es la “experiencia”, el aprendizaje y el encuentro con sí mismas.
La narrativa chilena y el riesgo de la insignificancia
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Espinosa H. Patricia
Published: January 2021

El mayor capital de nuestra narrativa, enclaustrada bajo un techo de acero, es el yo, que ha dejado a oscuras a la otredad, el colectivo. Esta narrativa se adscribe rigurosamente al realismo capitalista, centrada en un yo, esencialista, deshistorizada, emotiva, privatizada en cuanto a la preocupación por él/la sujeto/a protagonista y su entorno afectivo; además, sin expectativas de futuro, en constante trayecto hacia el pasado infantil o adolescencial. La definición del momento histórico por el que actualmente atraviesa la literatura chilena, es el de un lento pero decidido declive hacia la insignificancia. No está a punto de desaparecer, por el contrario, se está publicando mucho, incluso en pandemia. Tampoco quiero decir que en este siglo no se hayan publicado obras valiosas. Las hay y en buen número. Más bien se trata del corrimiento de lo literario en su conjunto hacia una zona de insignificancia cultural. Camino a convertirse en un nicho de consumo definido por un rango decidida-mente decreciente, la literatura parece estar rebelándose poco frente a este dramático hecho.
Literatura, violencia y crisis. Pareceres sobre el gesto político y proléptico en la literatura
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Navarrete Barría Sandra
Published: January 2021

En este ensayo propongo una lectura estética y política de la reciente narrativa chilena de ficción, con el objetivo de rastrear las distintas formas en las que esta construye vínculos con sus lectorxs, proponiendo como postulado general que es posible rastrear un trabajo por interpelar al lector, en función de que la violencia emerja como un vector de análisis válido para interpretar nuestra realidad. Me concentraré en el arco que comprende desde la posdictadura hasta nuestros días, para delimitar ciertas líneas discursivas que fracturen la normalidad impuesta por los regímenes de transición y que acerquen a lxs lectorxs al abismo de la crisis y a los distintos trayectos que recorre la violencia en nuestra cotidianeidad. ¿Cuánto de la crisis que estamos viviendo estaba ya inscrita en la narrativa reciente? ¿Cómo fue evolucionando esta inscripción?, ¿qué matices podemos distinguir?
Imagen Pública: espectros estético-políticos de la imagen
Authors:   Escuela de Periodismo. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Arancibia Carrizo Juan Pablo
Published: January 2021

Diversos análisis contemporáneos postulan un cambio del régimen representacional de “lo público” —destitución del lógos por medio de la irrupción de la imagen—. Ante dicho diagnóstico, sugerimos atender a la prematura existencia de un campo visual constitutivo de “lo público”. Se compone allí un régimen de imágenes que expresa las condiciones de visibilidad y las gramáticas del orden cívico que diagraman el nacimiento de la ciudad y la “comunidad política”. Postulamos aquí la necesidad de emprender una “arqueología visual de lo público” que advierta la densidad histórica, figurativa y performativa de una incipiente configuración de la “imagen pública” y del orden visual de “lo público”.