bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional tests to guide management in an adult with loss of function of type-1 angiotensin II receptor
Authors: Viering Daan H. H. M. , Bech Anneke P. , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. , Steenbergen Eric J. , Danser A. H. Jan , Wetzels Jack F. M. , Bindels René J. M. , Deinum Jaap
Published: March 2021

Background

Genetic loss of function of AGT (angiotensinogen), REN (renin), ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), or AGTR1 (type-1 angiotensin II receptor) leads to renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD). This syndrome is almost invariably lethal. Most surviving patients reach stage 5 chronic kidney disease at a young age.

Methods

Here, we report a 28-year-old male with a homozygous truncating mutation in AGTR1 (p.Arg216*), who survived the perinatal period with a mildly impaired kidney function. In contrast to classic RTD, kidney biopsy showed proximal tubules that were mostly normal. During the subsequent three decades, we observed evidence of both tubular dysfunction (hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, salt-wasting and a urinary concentrating defect) and glomerular dysfunction (reduced glomerular filtration rate, currently ~30 mL/min/1.73 m2, accompanied by proteinuria). To investigate the recurrent and severe hyperkalemia, we performed a patient-tailored functional test and showed that high doses of fludrocortisone induced renal potassium excretion by 155%. Furthermore, fludrocortisone lowered renal sodium excretion by 39%, which would have a mitigating effect on salt-wasting. In addition, urinary pH decreased in response to fludrocortisone. Opposite effects on urinary potassium and pH occurred with administration of amiloride, further supporting the notion that a collecting duct is present and able to react to fludrocortisone.

Conclusions

This report provides living proof that even truncating loss-of-function mutations in AGTR1 are compatible with life and relatively good GFR and provides evidence for the prescription of fludrocortisone to treat hyperkalemia and salt-wasting in such patients.
Clay mineral formation in Permian rocks of a geothermal borehole at Northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany
Authors: Nguyen-Thanh Lan , Mählmann Rafael Ferreiro , Hoang-Minh Thao , Petschick Rainer , Reischmann Thomas , Nesbor Heinz-Dieter , Ruttmann Myriam , Fritsche Johann-Gerhard
Published: March 2021

Hydrothermally altered rhyolite rocks in the Permian Donnersberg Formation of a geothermal borehole in the Northern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany) were investigated to find out answers for the low hydraulic conductivity of the rocks. The composition of clay minerals and the temperature of smectite–illite transformation were carried out using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and polarized-light microscopy analyses. Clay mineral (CM) composition includes illite/muscovite (1Mand 2M1polytypes), illite–smectite interstratifications (IS-ml), smectite, and chlorite; and non-clay minerals such as quartz, feldspars, epidote, calcite, dolomite, and hematite were detected. The 2M1-polytype mica might be the only primary sheet silicates from the parent rocks, while the others occur as authigenic neo-formed CMs under heat flow and geothermal gradient. The development of CMs indicates different mechanisms of illitization and smectitization. Based on the texture, morphology, structure/polytype, and chemistry of rocks and minerals, in particular CMs, the study grouped the CM formation into three transformation processes: smectitization during magma cooling and possible contact metamorphisms with decreasing and low temperature, smectite illitization controlled by burial diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration, and illite smectitization followed exhumation and Cenozoic subsidence with decreasing temperature. The rhyolites were altered to all of the orders IS-R0, IS-R1, and IS-R3 by the dissolution-precipitation and layer-to-layer mechanisms. The first one supported small xenomorphic plates and flakes of 1Md, elongated particles of 1M, and pseudo-hexagonal forms of 2M1. The second one could lead to the platy particles of 1Mdand 2M1polytypes. The dominant temperature range for the transformation in the area has been 140–170 °C– ~ 230 °C.
Verification of Coupled Hydraulic Fracturing Simulators Using Laboratory-Scale Experiments
Authors: Deb Paromita , Salimzadeh Saeed , Vogler Daniel , Düber Stephan , Clauser Christoph , Settgast Randolph R.
Published: March 2021

In this work, we aim to verify the predictions of the numerical simulators, which are used for designing field-scale hydraulic stimulation experiments. Although a strong theoretical understanding of this process has been gained over the past few decades, numerical predictions of fracture propagation in low-permeability rocks still remains a challenge. Against this background, we performed controlled laboratory-scale hydraulic fracturing experiments in granite samples, which not only provides high-quality experimental data but also a well-characterized experimental set-up. Using the experimental pressure responses and the final fracture sizes as benchmark, we compared the numerical predictions of two coupled hydraulic fracturing simulators—CSMP and GEOS. Both the simulators reproduced the experimental pressure behavior by implementing the physics of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and lubrication theory within a reasonable degree of accuracy. The simulation results indicate that even in the very low-porosity (1–2 %) and low-permeability ($${10}^{-18}\ {\mathrm{m}}^{2}- {10}^{-19}\ {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$$

10

-
18

m

2

-

10

-
19

m

2

) crystalline rocks, which are usually the target of EGS, fluid-loss into the matrix and unsaturated flow impacts the formation breakdown pressure and the post-breakdown pressure trends. Therefore, underestimation of such parameters in numerical modeling can lead to significant underestimation of breakdown pressure. The simulation results also indicate the importance of implementing wellbore solvers for considering the effect of system compressibility and pressure drop due to friction in the injection line. The varying injection rate as a result of decompression at the instant of fracture initiation affects the fracture size, while the entry friction at the connection between the well and the initial notch may cause an increase in the measured breakdown pressure.
Some results of Fekete–Szegö type for Bavrin’s families of holomorphic functions in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$
Authors: Długosz Renata , Liczberski Piotr
Published: March 2021

In the paper there is considered a generalization of the well-known Fekete–Szegö type problem onto some Bavrin’s families of complex valued holomorphic functions of several variables. The definitions of Bavrin’s families correspond to geometric properties of univalent functions of a complex variable, like as starlikeness and convexity. First of all, there are investigated such Bavrin’s families which elements satisfy also a (j, k)-symmetry condition. As application of these results there is given the solution of a Fekete–Szegö type problem for a family of normalized biholomorphic starlike mappings in$${\mathbb {C}}^{n}.$$Cn.
The action of Young subgroups on the partition complex
Authors: Arone Gregory Z. , Brantner D. Lukas B.
Published: March 2021

We study the restrictions, the strict fixed points, and the strict quotients of the partition complex$|\Pi_{n}|$|Πn|, which is the$\Sigma_{n}$Σn-space attached to the poset of proper nontrivial partitions of the set$\{1,\ldots,n\}${1,…,n}.

We express the space of fixed points$|\Pi_{n}|^{G}$|Πn|Gin terms of subgroup posets for general$G\subset \Sigma_{n}$G⊂Σnand prove a formula for the restriction of$|\Pi_{n}|$|Πn|to Young subgroups$\Sigma_{n_{1}}\times \cdots\times \Sigma_{n_{k}}$Σn1×⋯×Σnk. Both results follow by applying a general method, proven with discrete Morse theory, for producing equivariant branching rules on lattices with group actions.

We uncover surprising links between strict Young quotients of$|\Pi_{n}|$|Πn|, commutative monoid spaces, and the cotangent fibre in derived algebraic geometry. These connections allow us to construct a cofibre sequence relating various strict quotients$|\Pi_{n}|^{\diamond} \mathbin {\operatorname* {\wedge }_{\Sigma_{n}}^{}} (S^{\ell})^{\wedge n}$|Πn|⋄∧Σn(Sℓ)∧nand give a combinatorial proof of a splitting in derived algebraic geometry.

Combining all our results, we decompose strict Young quotients of$|\Pi_{n}|$|Πn|in terms of “atoms”$|\Pi_{d}|^{\diamond} \mathbin {\operatorname* {\wedge }_{\Sigma_{d}}^{}} (S^{\ell})^{\wedge d}$|Πd|⋄∧Σd(Sℓ)∧dfor$\ell$ℓodd and compute their homology. We thereby also generalise Goerss’ computation of the algebraic André-Quillen homology of trivial square-zero extensions from$\mathbf {F}_{2}$F2to$\mathbf {F}_{p}$Fpfor$p$pan odd prime.
Strafzumessung bei Tierschutzdelikten
Authors: Hahn Johanna
Published: March 2021

Gewerbliche Tierhalter stehen in Deutschland selten vor Gericht – jedenfalls vor Strafgerichten.
Der Beitrag beleuchtet das Urteil des LG Ulm in einem Fall der Tierquälerei in der kommerziellen Tierhaltung
und unterzieht dieses einer kritischen Würdigung. Besonderes Augenmerk ist dabei auf Fragen gerichtet,
die auch in künftigen ähnlichen Strafverfahren von Bedeutung sein werden: Wann greift §17
Nr. 2 lit. a) TierSchG (rohe Tiermisshandlung) im Umfeld der gewerblichen Tierhaltung? Welchen Einfluss
hat die Empörung der Öffentlichkeit über Tierschutzverstöße auf die Strafzumessung?
Welche Wechselwirkung besteht zwischen Tierhaltungsverbot und unbedingter Freiheitsstrafe?
Probing the Processes: Longitudinal Qualitative Research on Social Determinants of HIV
Authors: Barrington Clare , Rosenberg Alana , Kerrigan Deanna , Blankenship Kim M.
Published: March 2021

Longitudinal qualitative research can provide rich understanding of the life circumstances of vulnerable groups who experience health inequities, of whether, how and why these circumstances change, and of how these circumstances and processes of change impact health. But, this rich understanding is not automatic and requires systematic and thoughtful approaches to data collection and analysis. The purpose of this paper is to describe two longitudinal qualitative studies embedded in mixed-methods studies of social determinants of HIV in the United States and the Dominican Republic. We compare these two studies to critically reflect on specific techniques that facilitate longitudinal and iterative data collection, management, and analysis, in particular the use of participant-specific matrices and analytic summaries across the distinct phases of the research. We conclude that combining cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis that engages with both themes and processes of change can contribute to improved contextualization and understanding of social determinants of HIV.
A comprehensive study of bloated dependencies in the Maven ecosystem
Authors: Soto-Valero César , Harrand Nicolas , Monperrus Martin , Baudry Benoit
Published: March 2021

Build automation tools and package managers have a profound influence on software development. They facilitate the reuse of third-party libraries, support a clear separation between the application’s code and its external dependencies, and automate several software development tasks. However, the wide adoption of these tools introduces new challenges related to dependency management. In this paper, we propose an original study of one such challenge: the emergence of bloated dependencies. Bloated dependencies are libraries that are packaged with the application’s compiled code but that are actually not necessary to build and run the application. They artificially grow the size of the built binary and increase maintenance effort. We propose DepClean, a tool to determine the presence of bloated dependencies in Maven artifacts. We analyze 9,639 Java artifacts hosted on Maven Central, which include a total of 723,444 dependency relationships. Our key result is as follows: 2.7% of the dependencies directly declared are bloated, 15.4% of the inherited dependencies are bloated, and 57% of the transitive dependencies of the studied artifacts are bloated. In other words, it is feasible to reduce the number of dependencies of Maven artifacts to 1/4 of its current count. Our qualitative assessment with 30 notable open-source projects indicates that developers pay attention to their dependencies when they are notified of the problem. They are willing to remove bloated dependencies: 21/26 answered pull requests were accepted and merged by developers, removing 140 dependencies in total: 75 direct and 65 transitive.
Thermogravimetric analysis of cancellous bone of humerus head in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Bata András , Nöt László G. , Szabó Hajnalka , Cifra János , Lőrinczy Dénes
Published: March 2021

Prior to shoulder replacement, the quality of cancellous bone stock of humerus head should be evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has already been utilized to assess thermal stability of cancellous bone mineral, collected from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Our workgroup has recently examined the thermal parameters of rotator cuff of patients undergoing reversed shoulder replacement. We hypothesized that TGA of humerus head would indicate difference in the bone quality of orthopedic and trauma patients. We also hypothesized that the calorimetric data could correlate with the grade of degenerative changes. Cylindrical subchondral humeral head samples were collected from patients subjected to reversed shoulder replacement due to orthopedic or trauma indications. Then, calorimetric parameters were measured using DTA/TG analysis. Radiological evaluation was also performed to classify the grade of osteoarthritis. In case of orthopedic samples, the calorimetric parameters indicated a moderate to severe degree of bone damage and loss of mineralization, because of the progressed osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, the trauma samples exhibited only moderate or minimal subchondral bone degeneration. DTA curves showed different patterns and indicated shifts in transition temperatures, comparing control and pathologic samples. In addition, correlation was found between the degree of osteoarthritis and calorimetric enthalpy. DTA/TG analysis of humerus head samples indicated marked differences in bone quality of orthopedic and trauma patients. Further investigation is needed to differentiate the calorimetric parameters of different layers of subchondral bone.
A political ontology for Europe: Roberto Esposito’s instituent paradigm
Authors: Fulco Rita
Published: March 2021

The aim of my article is to relate Roberto Esposito’s reflections on Europe to his more recent proposal ofinstituent thought. I will try to do so by focusing on three theoretical cornerstones of Esposito’s thought: the first concerns the evidence of a link between Europe, philosophy and politics. The second is deconstructive: it highlights the inadequacy of the answers of the most important contemporary ontological-political paradigms to the European crisis, as well as the impossibility of interpreting this crisis through theoretical-political categories such assovereignty. The third relates more directly to the proposal of a new political ontology, which Esposito defines asinstituent thought. Esposito’s discussion of political theology is the central theoretical nucleus of this study. This discussion will focus, in particular, on the category ofnegation, from which any political ontology that is based onpure affirmativenessorabsolute negationis criticized. In his opinion, philosophical theories developed on the basis of these assumptions have proved to be incomplete or ineffective in relation to the current European and global philosophical and political crisis. Esposito therefore perceives the urgent need to propose a line of thought that is neither negatively destituent (post-Heideggerian), nor affirmatively constituent (post-Deleuzian, post-Spinozian), but instituent (neo-Machiavellian), capable of thinking aboutorderthroughconflict(the affirmative through the negative). Provided that we do not think of the institutionstatically–in a conservative sense–butdynamically, as constantinstitutingin which conflict can become an instrument of a politics increasingly inspired by justice.
Implementation of High and Intensive Care (HIC) in the Netherlands: a Process Evaluation
Authors: van Melle A. Laura , van der Ham Alida J. , Widdershoven Guy A. M. , Voskes Yolande
Published: March 2021

The High and Intensive Care model (HIC) was developed to reduce coercion and improve the quality of acute mental health care in the Netherlands. This study aimed to identify drivers of change which motivate professionals and management to implement HIC, and to identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation process. 41 interviews were conducted with multiple disciplines on 29 closed acute admission wards for adult psychiatric patients of 21 mental healthcare institutions in the Netherlands. The interviews were analysed by means of thematic analysis, consisting of the steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Findings reveal three major drivers of change: the combination of existing interventions in one overall approach to reduce coercion, the focus on contact and cooperation and the alignment with recovery oriented care. Facilitators to implementation of HIC were leadership, involving staff, making choices about what to implement first, using positive feedback and celebrating successes, training and reflection, and providing operationalizable goals. Barriers included the lack of formal organizational support, resistance to change, shortage of staff and use of flex workers, time restraints and costs, lack of knowledge, lack of facilities, and envisaged shortcomings of the HIC standards. Drivers of change motivate staff to implement HIC. In the process of implementation, attention to facilitators and barriers on the level of culture, structure and practice is needed.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Aphanomycopsis bacillariacearum, a holocarpic oomycete parasitoid of the freshwater diatom genus Pinnularia
Authors: Buaya Anthony T. , Scholz Bettina , Thines Marco
Published: March 2021

Investigations into simple holocarpic oomycetes are challenging, because of the obligate biotrophic nature of many lineages and the periodic presence in their hosts. Thus, despite recent efforts, still, the majority of species described remains to be investigated for their phylogenetic relationships. One of these species is Aphanomycopsis bacillariacearum, the type species of the genus Aphanomycopsis. Species of Aphanomycopsis are endobiotic holocarpic parasites of diverse hosts (e.g., diatoms, desmids, dinoflagellates). All species classified in this genus were assigned to it based on the presence of branching hyphae and the formation of two generations of zoospores, of which the first one is not motile. Originally, Aphanomycopsis with its type species, A. bacillariacearum, had been classified in the Saprolegniaceae. However, the genus has undergone multiple taxonomic reassignments (to Ectrogellaceae, Lagenidiaceae, and Leptolegniellaceae) in the past. To settle the taxonomy and investigate the phylogenetic placement of Aphanomycopsis, efforts were undertaken to isolate A. bacillariacearum from its original host, Pinnularia viridis and infer its phylogenetic placement based on nrSSU (18S) sequences. By targeted isolation, the diatom parasitoid was rediscovered from Heiðarvatn lake, Höskuldsstaðir, Iceland. Phylogenetic reconstruction shows that A. bacillariacearum from Pinnularia viridis is embedded within the Saprolegniales, and largely unrelated to both diatom-infecting oomycetes in the Leptomitales (Ectrogella, Lagenisma) and those placed within the early-diverging lineages (Miracula, Diatomophthora) of the Oomycota.
Synthesis and characterization of herbicidal ionic liquids based on (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate and phenoxyethylammonium
Authors: Ciarka Kamil , Olszewski Radoslaw , Praczyk Tadeusz , Pernak Juliusz
Published: March 2021

Ten ionic liquids containing the (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate (MCPA) anion and domiphen derived phenoxyethylammonium cation were synthesized. The obtained compounds differed in terms of the substitution of the phenoxyethylammonium group in the ring (the presence of a methyl group in the meta or para positions and the presence of chlorine in the para position) as well as the length of the alkyl chain (from hexyl to tetradecyl). The basic physicochemical properties of the obtained ionic liquids (solubility and thermal stability) were characterized and their structures were confirmed. The herbicidal activity of the compounds was tested under greenhouse conditions using cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) as the test plant.
Surface Energy of Food Contact Materials and Its Relation to Wheat Dough Adhesion
Authors: Laukemper Rita , Becker Thomas , Jekle Mario
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the influence of the surface free energy (SFE) on the adhesion behaviour between wheat dough and bakery-relevant food processing surfaces. In doing so, the contact time and production-related changes of the adhesive and the adherend were taken into account. The adhesion measurements were conducted by means of previously developed methods (modified Chen/Hoseney, contact time measuring cell), whereby the force required for separating the dough from the surface after processing-relevant contact times was determined applying a texture analyzer. The SFE was determined by contact angle measurements. The SFE values for the examined materials are ranged between 5.5 ± 0.81 and 42.7 ± 0.88 mN/m. A strong linear correlation between the SFE of the bakery surfaces and their adhesion to dough could be determined after a certain contact time (≥ 1 min) (r = + 0.96 for surfaces with Sa > 20 μm; r = + 0.94 for surfaces with Sa < 20 μm). Bakery surfaces with energy values σsolid surface, total > 30 mN/m including a polar content indicated a strong interaction with wheat dough, which was confirmed by high adhesion values. Production-related changes to the processing surfaces showed a great impact on the adhesion behaviour: e.g. the abrasion of proofing cloths caused a higher amount of protruding fibres, which operate as a separating layer, resulting in a decrease of dough adhesion even after long contact times. The results in this study emphasize the importance of the SFE in the development of processing surfaces for the baking industry.
Go to Bed and You MIGHT Feel Better in the Morning—the Effect of Sleep on Affective Tone and Intrusiveness of Emotional Memories
Authors: Davidson Per , Pace-Schott Edward
Published: March 2021

Purpose of Review

It is important to examine what effect sleep has after an emotional experience. More knowledge about this topic could help inform us whether there are any potential sleep interventions that could help make sure that memories of negative emotional experiences are processed in the most adaptive manner possible.

Recent Findings

Findings on the role of sleep in altering reactivity to emotional stimuli have been highly varied, with significant findings in opposite directions. A new exciting development in the field is several studies finding that sleep seems to make memories of negative experiences less intrusive.

This review has mainly aimed to give an overview of the field, and of which issues need to be resolved. We argue for there being a strong need for standardization of how data are analyzed and presented, as well as for better methods for determining to what extent the effects of sleep are specific for a particular memory, or represent general changes in emotional reactivity.
Correction to: Human–AI collaborative decision-making as an organization design problem
Authors: Puranam Phanish
Published: March 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41469-021-00097-0
Antifouling Technology Trends in Marine Environmental Protection
Authors: Tian Limei , Yin Yue , Bing Wei , Jin E.
Published: March 2021

Marine fouling is a worldwide problem, which is harmful to the global marine ecological environment and economic benefits. The traditional antifouling strategy usually uses toxic antifouling agents, which gradually exposes a serious environmental problem. Therefore, green, long-term, broad-spectrum and eco-friendly antifouling technologies have been the main target of engineers and researchers. In recent years, many eco-friendly antifouling technologies with broad application prospects have been developed based on the low toxicity and non-toxicity antifouling agents and materials. In this review, contemporary eco-friendly antifouling technologies and materials are summarized into bionic antifouling and non-bionic antifouling strategies (2000–2020). Non-bionic antifouling technologies mainly include protein resistant polymers, antifoulant releasing coatings, foul release coatings, conductive antifouling coatings and photodynamic antifouling technology. Bionic antifouling technologies mainly include the simulated shark skin, whale skin, dolphin skin, coral tentacles, lotus leaves and other biology structures. Brief future research directions and challenges are also discussed in the end, and we expect that this review would boost the development of marine antifouling technologies.
Screening the Optimal Patterned Surfaces Consisting of Cell Morphology Mimicking Micro-pillars and Nanotube Arrays for the Design of Titanium Implants
Authors: Zhou Ping , Li Hongjiao , Mao Feifei , Huang Hongxin , Long Siqi , He Fei , Chen Jing , Wei Shicheng
Published: March 2021

Micron/nano scale topographic modification has been a significant focus of interest in current titanium (Ti) surface design. However, the influence of micron/nano structured surface on cell or bacterium behavior on the Ti implant has rarely been systematically evaluated. Moreover, except for popular microgrooves, little work has been carried out on the reaction of cells to the bionic structure. In this study, several micro-pillars mimicking cell morphology were prepared on Ti surfaces by lithography and contact printing (ICP) method, and they were further decorated with nanotube arrays by anodization technology. These surface modifications remarkablly increased the surface roughness of pristine Ti surface from 91.17 nm ± 5.57 nm to be more than 1000 nm, and reduced their water contact angles from 68.3° ± 0.7° to be 16.9° ± 2.4°. Then, the effects of these hierarchical micron/nano scale patterns on the behaviors of MG63 osteoblasts, L929 fibroblasts, SCC epithelial cells andP. gingivaliswere studied, aiming to evaluate their performance in osseointegration, gingival epithelial sealing and antibacterial ability. Through an innovative scoring strategy, our findings showed that square micro-pillars with 6 µm width and 2 µm height combined with 85 nm diameter nanotubes was suitable for implant neck design, while square micro-pillars with 3 µm width and 3.6 µm height combined with 55 nm diameter nanotubes was the best for implant body design. Our study reveals the synergistic effect of the hierarchical micron/nano scale patterns on MG63 osteoblasts, L929 fibroblasts, SCC epithelial cells andP. gingivalisfunctions. It provides insight into the design of biomedical implant surfaces.
Kounis Syndrome Following Hypnale zara (Hump-Nosed Pit Viper) Bite in Sri Lanka
Authors: Namal Rathnayaka R.M.M.K. , Nishanthi Ranathunga P.E. Anusha , Kularatne S.A.M.
Published: March 2021

A 47-y-old man was bitten by a hump-nosed viper (Hypnale zara) and gradually developed retrosternal chest pain associated with ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram. He had normal troponin I levels and no evidence of coagulopathy. Initially, he was managed as having anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction with thrombolysis. Later, because troponin levels were normal, he was suggested to have the type I variant of Kounis syndrome (allergic coronary artery spasm). This was supported by high eosinophil counts in peripheral blood. He was successfully managed with supportive treatment and discharged 6 d after the snakebite. Cardiac complications are rarely reported after hump-nosed viper bites, and clinical reports of coronary vasospasm after snakebites are extremely rare in the literature. This is the first known report of Kounis syndrome after a hump-nosed viper bite.
British Art and the East India Company
Authors: Quilley Geoff
Published: March 2021

Examines the role of the East India Company in the production and development of British art, demonstrating how art and related forms of culture were closely tied to commerce and the rise of the commercial state.
Gender norm conflict and marital outcomes
Authors: Antman Francisca M. , Kalsi Priti , Lee Soohyung
Published: March 2021

We investigate the impact of male–female conflict over gender norms on marital outcomes. As marriage requires mutual agreement regarding the role of husband and wife, we hypothesize that a person who is less likely to encounter a potential mate with similar gender norms will face a lower chance of marrying. Even if two parties marry despite a difference in gender norms, their marriage may be more vulnerable to external shocks, making divorce more likely relative to their counterparts without gender norm conflict. Finally, we predict that in the presence of gender norm conflict, high-skilled individuals may be less likely to get or stay married relative to low-skilled individuals, as the former group faces better outside options. Estimates from an analysis of U.S. marriage markets differentiated by birth cohort, state, race, and skill level support our theoretical predictions. Additional extensions explore heterogeneous effects and additional outcomes such as the presence of children in the household.
Correlates of In-Hospital COVID-19 Deaths: A Competing Risks Survival Time Analysis of Retrospective Mortality Data
Authors: Goel Ashish , Raizada Alpana , Agrawal Ananya , Bansal Kamakshi , Uniyal Saurabh , Prasad Pratima , Yadav Anil , Tyagi Asha , Rautela RS
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Several aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remain ambiguous, including its transmission, severity, geographic, and racial differences in mortality. These variations merit elaboration of local patterns to inform wider national policies.

Methods:

In a retrospective analysis, data of patients treated at a dedicated COVID hospital with moderate and severe illness during 8 wk of the pandemic were reviewed with attention to mortality in a competing risks framework.

Results:

A total of 1147 patients were hospitalized, and 312 (27.2%) died in hospital. Those who died were older (56.5 vs 47.6 y;P< 0.0001). Of these, 885 (77.2%) had tested positive on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with 219 (24.2%) deaths (incidence rate, 1.9 per 100 person-days). Median time from onset of symptoms to death was 11 days. A competing risks analysis forin-hospital deathrevealed an adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio of 1.4 for each decade increase in age.

Conclusions:

This retrospective analysis provides broad patterns of disease presentation and mortality. Even COVID test-negative patients will receive treatment at dedicated facilities, and 33% presenting cases may die within the first 72 h, most with comorbid illness. This should be considered while planning distribution of services for effective health-care delivery
Biological bases of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Gonzales Carazas Maryanne M. , Pinto Joseph A. , Casado Fanny L.
Published: March 2021

Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of cancer treatment and has significantly improved the outcome of several cancer types including breast, lung, colorectal and prostate. Neoantigen recognition and immune checkpoint inhibitors are nowadays the milestones of different immunotherapeutic regimes; however, high cost, primary and acquired resistance and the high variability of responses make their extensive use difficult. The development of better predictive biomarkers that represent tumour diversity shows promise because there is a significant body of clinical data showing a spectrum of immunotherapeutic responses that might be related back to their specific characteristics. This article makes a conceptual and historical review to summarise the main advances in our understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer, while describing the methodological details that have been successfully implemented on cancer treatments and that may hold the key to improved therapeutic approaches.
Looking at both sides of high-performance work systems and individual performance: a job demands−resources model
Authors: Chen Yuan-Ling , Chen Shyh-Jer
Published: March 2021

In this study, we show how high-performance work systems (HPWS) in an organization can significantly affect employees' creative performance and burnout. To do this, we propose and test a dual-process framework that is based on HR attribution theory, ability−motivation−opportunity theory, micro- and macro-theoretical perspectives, and the job demands−resources (JD-R) model. Using data from a multisource field study with a sample of 311 participants, we found that HPWS benefited employee creative performance and did not lead to employee burnout. However, HPWS affected both job demands and job resources when employees adopted self-protection and self-enhancement strategies. Also, we found that HPWS had unique indirect effects on employee creative performance via job resources whereas job demands fully mediated the relationship between HPWS and employee burnout. The findings shed light on key aspects of HR attribution theory. We discuss accompanying theoretical and practical implications.
Efficiency of artificial neural networks for glacier ice-thickness estimation: a case study in western Himalaya, India
Authors: Haq Mohd Anul , Azam Mohd Farooq , Vincent Christian
Published: March 2021

Knowledge of glacier volume is crucial for ice flow modelling and predicting the impacts of climate change on glaciers. Rugged terrain, harsh weather conditions and logistic costs limit field-based ice thickness observations in the Himalaya. Remote-sensing applications, together with mathematical models, provide alternative techniques for glacier ice thickness and volume estimation. The objective of the present research is to assess the application of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling coupled with remote-sensing techniques to estimate ice thickness on individual glaciers with direct field measurements. We have developed two ANN models and estimated the ice thickness of Chhota Shigri Glacier (western Himalaya) on ten transverse cross sections and two longitudinal sections. The ANN model estimates agree well with ice thickness measurements from a ground-penetrating radar, available for five transverse cross sections on Chhota Shigri Glacier. The overall root mean square errors of the two ANN models are 24 and 13 m and the mean bias errors are ±13 and ±6 m, respectively, which are significantly lower than for other available models. The estimated mean ice thickness and volume for Chhota Shigri Glacier are 109 ± 17 m and 1.69 ± 0.26 km3, respectively.
The Very Grounds Underlying Twentieth-Century Authoritarian Regimes: Building Soil Fertility in Italian Libya and the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Biasillo Roberta , da Silva Claiton Marcio
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the role of soil in the making of authoritarian regimes and illustrates twentieth-century practices and discourses related to fertility across the globe. It compares two different approaches to and understandings of soil fertility: the first emerged in North Libya under Italian Fascist rule (1922–1943), the second in Central Brazil during the civil-military dictatorship (1964–1985). We compare two soil-forming processes that changed physical and chemical properties of the original matter and were embedded within specific ideologies of modernization. In both cases, state agendas of agrarian production played a paramount role not only in socioeconomic projects but also as an instrument to suppress opposition. Technocratic and political aspects of building and maintaining fertility were interwoven, although in different patterns in the two countries. We show how the rejuvenation of land bled into the regeneration of communities through processes that anchored the self-definition and development of these authoritarian regimes, and argue that attempts at landscape transformations through agricultural activity and strategies of fertilization are inescapable features of dictatorships. In so doing, we elaborate the concept of “authoritarian soil.” The juxtaposition of these non-synchronous cases reveals how agricultural modernization developed throughout the twentieth century. Our study is rooted in environmental history and contributes to the ongoing dialogue between that field and science and technology studies. Its cross-temporal, comparative methodology draws upon sources and historiographical debates in English, Italian, and Portuguese.
Daily Encounters That Make History: History from Below and Archival Collaboration
Authors: Hammad Hanan
Published: March 2021

What does a casual confrontation in a rundown shack between a landlady and her factory-worker tenant tell us about the history of gender and class relations in modern Egypt? Could a lost watch in a red-light district in the middle of the Nile Delta complicate our understanding of the history of sexuality and urbanization? Can an unexpectedly intimate embrace on a sleeping mat illuminate a link in the history of class, gender, and urbanization in modern Egypt?
Diaries of a Surveilled Citizen after a Failed Revolution in Egypt
Authors: Abul-Magd Zeinab
Published: March 2021

Under a pseudonym in December 2011, I published an article titled “al-Jaysh wa-l-Iqtisad fi Barr Misr” (The Army and the Economy in Egypt) in Jadaliyya. I wrote it after months of participating in numerous protests in Cairo against the government of the Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF), which took power upon President Hosni Mubarak's abdication in February 2011, and of searching fervidly for the political sources that had allowed the military to prevail over civilian forces. In addition to the tanks and fighter jets, I found some of these sources hidden in a gigantic business empire that the military had clandestinely developed for years. In early 2012 the editor of an online edition of a widely read Egyptian newspaper, a revolutionary female journalist who would later be arrested and detained, invited me to write a series of articles on this business empire, this time using my real name. The first work in decades to be published on this taboo topic, this became the foundation for my later book-length study. As a scholar, this was my humble contribution to an ongoing revolution.
Asyut in Modern Times: The Problem of Invisibility
Authors: Gran Peter
Published: March 2021

If a major city, the major administrative capital of the south and an integral part of how the system reproduces itself, is invisible beyond an occasional passing reference in the familiar narrative of the history of a country, something has gone amiss. Such is the situation of Asyut, a city so invisible that even the English spelling of its name is elusive—variably Asyut, Assuit, Assiut, Siout, or even Essiout—sometimes appearing to be a deliberate attempt to retain an ancient pharaonic or biblical rendering. So why is there this invisibility and how can it be overcome?
Addressing challenging behaviors in challenging environments: Findings from Ohio's early childhood mental health consultation system
Authors: Reyes Chin R. , Gilliam Walter S.
Published: March 2021

Early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) has been promoted by the federal government as a promising model for reducing early childhood expulsions and suspensions and is now implemented by numerous states. Despite growing ECMHC proliferation, this study is only the second randomized controlled trial of ECMHC, extending the methodologies of the first to include assessment of effects on random peers. Classrooms were assigned randomly to treatment or waitlist-control condition (n= 51 classrooms, 57 preschool teachers, and 190 preschoolers). Evaluation measures were collected at both pretreatment and posttreatment, following approximately six consultation visits. Classroom and teacher outcomes were evaluated with ordinary least squares regressions, while hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate child-level outcomes, accounting for the nested study design. Treatment children (both the target children who prompted the referral for ECMHC and random peers) evidenced significant improvements in social and emotional skills. Promising trend findings were noted for child behavior problem reduction and teacher pedagogical approach and locus of control. No significant effects were found on likelihood of expulsion and classroom mental health climate. This is the first ECMHC to demonstrate effects on nontarget peers in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. Programmatic and methodologic limitations and implications are discussed.
On the origins of the god Ruḍaw and some remarks on the pre-Islamic North Arabian pantheon
Authors: AL JALLAD AHMAD
Published: March 2021

This contribution proposes an interpretation of a newly attested divine title of the ancient Arabian deity Ruḍaw, mkśd ‘(the one) from Chaldea’. It explores what sense this title could have had and its implications on our understanding of Ruḍaw's position in the ancient Arabian pantheon, especially in relation to Allāt. It also examines mentions of Ruḍaw in Islamic-period narrative sources and concludes that his cult likely disappeared by Islamic times; tales of the destruction of his cult site reflect the use of the ‘smashing idols’ topos to narrativize the passage from pre-Islam to Islam.
Examining the Consequences of Welfare Conditionality: A Case Study of Compulsory Income Management in the Regional Community of Ceduna, Australia
Authors: Roche Steven , Mendes Philip , Marston Greg , Bielefeld Shelley , Peterie Michelle , Staines Zoe , Humpage Louise
Published: March 2021

Welfare conditionality, whereby eligibility for income support payments is linked to prescribed forms of behaviour or values, is intended to encourage responsible behaviour in marginalised populations. However in practice, it may have consequences that worsen rather than improve their life chances. One of the most invasive forms of conditional welfare is income management (IM), involving the quarantining of up to 90 per cent of income that cannot be spent on excluded items in order to reduce substance abuse and gambling and enhance financial management and parenting capacity. This qualitative study examines the views of IM participants and community stakeholders in the regional community of Ceduna, Australia. Its findings are presented – pertaining to practical experiences of IM, the impact of IM on participant wellbeing, and community divisions around IM – and the study discusses whether or not it has advanced key program objectives. It is concluded that the negative effects of IM exceed any perceived benefits.
Miteinander schweigen
Authors: Staudacher Diana
Published: March 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Patient_innen sind oft der Ansicht: „Für mich ist es nicht nur wichtig, was Pflegende machen, sondern wie sie für mich da sind“.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Das „Nursing Presence“-Konzept beruht auf „absoluter“ Aufmerksamkeit für Patient_innen. Sprache und Handlung stehen nicht mehr im Vordergrund der Begegnung. Dadurch entsteht ein gewaltfreies Mit-Sein. Der „peripersonale“ Schutzraum der Patient_innen bleibt weitgehend unangetastet.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

„Nursing Presence“ kann „Verletzungsverhältnisse“ unterbrechen, die durch Sprache und Handlung entstehen. Dadurch ist es möglich, „pflegebezogenes Leiden“ („suffering related to care“) vozubeugen.
Narrationen ermöglichen
Authors: Soom Ammann Eva , Laimbacher Sabrina
Published: March 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Narrationen sind ein wichtiges Instrument im klinischen und pflegerischen Alltag. Sie schaffen für Patient_innen Raum zum Erzählen und Einordnen ihrer subjektiven Erfahrungen.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Im Laufe von Professionalisierung und Fokussierung auf Evidenzbasiertheit ist das Narrative in den Hintergrund geraten – auch in der psychiatrischen Pflege. Die Forderung nach einer bewussten ‚Narrative Health Care‘ ist eine Ergänzung zur ‚Evidence-based Health Care‘ und bezieht sich auf etablierte Erkenntnisse aus der Narrationsforschung.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Mehr Raum für Erzählungen im pflegerischen Alltag zu schaffen, braucht nicht viel Aufwand und kann dazu beitragen, Menschen gezielter in ihrem Genesungsprozess zu unterstützen und die Reflexion der eigenen Praxis anzuregen.
Hotspots of Diffusive CO2 and CH4 Emission From Tropical Reservoirs Shift Through Time
Authors: Paranaíba José R. , Barros Nathan , Almeida Rafael M. , Linkhorst Annika , Mendonça Raquel , Vale Roseilson do , Roland Fábio , Sobek Sebastian
Published: March 2021

The patterns of spatial and temporal variability in CO2 and CH4 emission from reservoirs are still poorly studied, especially in tropical regions where hydropower is growing. We performed spatially resolved measurements of dissolved CO2 and CH4 surface water concentrations and their gas‐exchange coefficients (k) to compute diffusive carbon flux from four contrasting tropical reservoirs across Brazil during different hydrological seasons. We used an online equilibration system to measure dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations; we estimated k from floating chamber deployments in conjunction with discrete CO2 and CH4 water concentration measurements. Diffusive CO2 emissions were higher during dry season than during rainy season, whereas there were no consistent seasonal patterns for diffusive CH4 emissions. Our results reveal that the magnitude and the spatial within‐reservoir patterns of diffusive CO2 and CH4 flux varied strongly among hydrological seasons. River inflow areas were often characterized by high seasonality in diffusive flux. Areas close to the dam generally showed low seasonal variability in diffusive CH4 flux but high variability in CO2 flux. Overall, we found that reservoir areas exhibiting highest emission rates (“hotspots”) shifted substantially across hydrological seasons. Estimates of total diffusive carbon emission from the reservoir surfaces differed between hydrological seasons by a factor up to 7 in Chapéu D'Úvas, up to 13 in Curuá‐Una, up to 4 in Furnas, and up to 1.8 in Funil, indicating that spatially resolved measurements of CO2 and CH4 concentrations and k need to be performed at different hydrological seasons in order to constrain annual diffusive carbon emission.
Release of CO2 in Cold Subduction Zones by Hydrous Carbonatitic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Xu Qijin , Wang Chao , Jin Zhenmin
Published: March 2021

The release of CO2 from subducted slabs is an important process of the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have demonstrated that metamorphic reactions, carbonatitic melts, carbonate dissolutions, and hydrous carbonatitic liquids are effective CO2 recycling mechanisms in hot and warm thermal regimes, whereas the fate of subducted carbonates in cold subduction zones remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the phase relations of subducted ophicarbonate at pressures beyond sub‐arc depths. The presence of complex quench textures indicates that hydrous carbonatitic liquids formed at temperatures as low as ∼850°C at depths of ∼300–440 km, which corresponds to cold thermal regimes. Water released by the decomposition of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases can substantially affect the stability of subducted carbonates, which facilitates the formation of hydrous carbonatitic liquids. This provides a mechanism for scavenging CO2 from cold slabs and may promote the formation of metasomatized domains in the deep mantle.