bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential Oil Biochemistry
Authors: Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Srivastava Rahul M. , Hasan Muzaffar , Maheshwari Chirag , Jadam Rajpal S.
Published: April 2024

Essential oils which are complex blends of volatile compounds particularly
present in a copious amount in aromatic plants, and are mainly composed of terpenes
biochemically generated through the mevalonate pathway. In natural conditions,
essential oils play a significant role in the defense mechanism of plants as antibacterial,
antiviral, antifungal, insecticides and protect from herbivores by reducing their taste for
such plants. Because of their chemical constituents, essential oil holds various
biological activities such as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, etc. which
finds important applications in food, cosmetic, agriculture, industrial, and medical
fields. This chapter covers the chemical constituents and chemistry of essential oils on
the one hand and their biological activities on the other hand.
Genome Editing Against Bacterial Plant Pathogens
Authors: Warghane Ashish , Paserkar Neha G. , Bhose Sumit
Published: April 2024

Meeting the crucial demand for sustainable agriculture is an upcoming
challenge worldwide, leading to global food security concerns. Approximately 50% of
agricultural loss is caused by both biotic and abiotic stresses. As per the estimation of
Agrios, 42% of crop loss is characterized by biotic stress alone. Bacteria are the second
largest contributor in terms of economic losses caused by various plant diseases.
Hence, there is a need to develop elite cultivars in amalgamation with readily available
sequenced plant database and progressive genome editing. This has proved to be a
groundbreaking/milestone in the field of plant breeding for any desired trait. Until now,
many new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have been introduced for crop
improvement. These techniques include site-specific mutagenesis, cisgenesis,
intragenesis, breeding with transgenic inducer lines, etc. This book chapter provides a
comparative understanding of enrichment in plant genome editing approach about
bacterial pathogens aiming for sustainable agriculture development. This chapter also
brings a broad aspect of the application, advantages, unsighted aspects of genome
editing, and future challenges.
Genome Editing in Streptomyces
Authors: Saji Johns , James Jibin , Saini Ramesh Kumar , Mohanan Shibin
Published: April 2024

Streptomyces are Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria belonging to the group
actinomycetes. This bacterium is important to the modern industrial world because of
the presence of 20-50 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). BGCs contain the genes for
the production of industrially important natural products (NP), which includes
antibiotics, anti-tumor drugs, anti-depressants, etc., naturally originated from this
microorganism. Strain improvement is required to enhance the production of these NP
in Streptomyces. Different methods have been used to enhance NP production and
strain improvement. In this chapter, we will be discussing strain improvement of
Streptomyces species by different genome editing tools. The information, which is put
together, includes the basic techniques used for genome editing to the most advanced
CRISPR/Cas system associated genome editing in Streptomyces (PCR targeting
system, Cre-loxP recombination system, I SceI meganuclease promoted recombination
system and CRISPR/Cas system). The authors have discussed about multiplex
automated genome editing (MAGE) tool associated with CRISPR/Cas system.
Stability and control of a plant epidemic model with pesticide intervention
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India, Syrti Balajied Me , Devi Anuradha ,   Department of Mathematics, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a model for studying plant epidemics that applies pesticides to control disease spread among two types of plant populations: those that are susceptible and those that are already infected. The model uses non-linear ordinary differential equations and the Holling type II response function to depict how disease spreads based on the number of susceptible plants available. The model is carefully checked for biological accuracy, ensuring characteristics such as positivity and boundedness. It defines points of equilibrium where the numbers of susceptible and infected plants stabilize. The study looks at scenarios with no infected plants (disease-free equilibrium) and scenarios where the disease continues to exist within the plant population (endemic equilibrium). The basic reproduction number, R0, is calculated to assess the system's stability. If R0 is less than 1, the disease is unlikely to spread widely, and the system is likely to return to being disease-free, both locally and globally, over time. However, if R0 is greater than 1, it indicates that the disease will persist in the population. This endemic state has also been shown to be stable both locally and globally. A sensitivity analysis helps identify key factors that affect disease spread and assists in forming strategies to manage the disease. Finally, numerical simulations are used to support the findings of the analysis.
Adaptation and Reach of a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Social Marketing Campaign for Latino, Latina, and Latinx Populations: Development Study
Authors: Shah Harita S , Serrano Pedro Alonso , Phillips II Gregory
Published: April 2024

Background

Latino, Latina, and Latinx (Latino/a/x) individuals remain disproportionately impacted by HIV, particularly sexual minority men and transgender women. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective means of biomedical HIV prevention, but awareness and uptake remain low among marginalized Latino/a/x populations. Social marketing campaigns have demonstrated promise in promoting PrEP in other populations but are poorly studied in Latino/a/x sexual minority men and transgender women.

Objective

This study aims to (1) adapt and pilot a PrEP social marketing campaign tailored to Latino/a/x populations with a focus on sexual minority men and transgender women through community-based participatory research (CBPR) and (2) evaluate the reach and ad performance of the adapted PrEP social marketing campaign.

Methods

We used the ADAPT-ITT (assessment, decision, adaptation, production, topical experts-integration, training, and testing) framework for adapting evidence-based interventions for new settings or populations. This paper presents how each phase of the ADAPT-ITT framework was applied via CBPR to create the PrEPárate (“Be PrEPared”) campaign. Key community engagement strategies included shared ownership with community partners, focus groups to guide content, crowdsourcing to name the campaign, design by local Latino/a/x artists, and featuring local influencers as the faces of PrEPárate. We evaluated campaign reach and advertisement performance using social media platform metrics (paid and organic reach, impressions, unique clicks, and click-through rates [CTR]) and website use statistics from Google Analytics.

Results

The PrEPárate campaign ran in Cook County, Illinois, from April to September 2022. The campaign reached over 118,750 people on social media (55,750 on Facebook and Instagram [Meta Platforms Inc] and 63,000 on TikTok [ByteDance Ltd]). The Meta ads performed over the industry benchmark with ads featuring local transgender women (2% CTR) and cisgender sexual minority men (1.4% CTR). Of the different Grindr (Grindr Inc) ad formats piloted, the interstitial Grindr ads were the highest performing (1183/55,479, 2.13% CTR). YouTube (Google) ads were low performing at 0.11% (153/138,337) CTR and were stopped prematurely, given limits on sexual education–related content. In the first year, there were 5006 visitors to the website.

Conclusions

Adaptation of an existing evidence-based intervention served as an effective method for developing a PrEP social marketing campaign for Latino/a/x audiences. CBPR and strong community partnerships were essential to tailor materials and provide avenues to systematically address barriers to PrEP access. Social marketing is a promising strategy to promote PrEP among underserved Latino/a/x populations.
An Introduction to the OutSMART Cancer Serious Game: Current and Future Directions
Authors: Abraham Olufunmilola , McCarthy Tyler J
Published: April 2024

Given that cancer is a challenging disease that plagues millions of individuals of all age groups and socioeconomic statuses globally, developmentally appropriate education is often lacking for young people, particularly adolescents. Increasing cancer awareness and prevention education among adolescents using innovative strategies, such as game-based learning, is critical in reducing the burden of this disease. Adolescents are understudied in the field of cancer prevention and control, yet vulnerable as they tackle creating life-long health behavior patterns. Targeting cancer prevention education for adolescents has the potential to support long-term healthy behavior and reduce their risk of cancer. This paper provides an overview of the Collaborative Research on MEdication use and family health (CRoME) Lab’s novel game-based cancer prevention education tool. OutSMART Cancer is an innovative, novel educational intervention in the form of a serious game. Serious games are educational tools that seek to impart knowledge and improve behaviors in their players. This game covers information related to breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. This viewpoint is a summary of the developmental process for the OutSMART Cancer game. We describe in detail the work preceding initial game development, the current version of the game, future directions for the game, and its educational potential. The long-term goal of OutSMART Cancer is to improve cancer awareness and knowledge regarding prevention behaviors in adolescents and support a lifetime of health and wellness.
Machine Learning–Based Hyperglycemia Prediction: Enhancing Risk Assessment in a Cohort of Undiagnosed Individuals
Authors: Oyebola Kolapo , Ligali Funmilayo , Owoloye Afolabi , Erinwusi Blessing , Alo Yetunde , Musa Adesola Z , Aina Oluwagbemiga , Salako Babatunde
Published: April 2024

Background

Noncommunicable diseases continue to pose a substantial health challenge globally, with hyperglycemia serving as a prominent indicator of diabetes.

Objective

This study employed machine learning algorithms to predict hyperglycemia in a cohort of individuals who were asymptomatic and unraveled crucial predictors contributing to early risk identification.

Methods

This dataset included an extensive array of clinical and demographic data obtained from 195 adults who were asymptomatic and residing in a suburban community in Nigeria. The study conducted a thorough comparison of multiple machine learning algorithms to ascertain the most effective model for predicting hyperglycemia. Moreover, we explored feature importance to pinpoint correlates of high blood glucose levels within the cohort.

Results

Elevated blood pressure and prehypertension were recorded in 8 (4.1%) and 18 (9.2%) of the 195 participants, respectively. A total of 41 (21%) participants presented with hypertension, of which 34 (83%) were female. However, sex adjustment showed that 34 of 118 (28.8%) female participants and 7 of 77 (9%) male participants had hypertension. Age-based analysis revealed an inverse relationship between normotension and age (r=−0.88; P=.02). Conversely, hypertension increased with age (r=0.53; P=.27), peaking between 50‐59 years. Of the 195 participants, isolated systolic hypertension and isolated diastolic hypertension were recorded in 16 (8.2%) and 15 (7.7%) participants, respectively, with female participants recording a higher prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (11/16, 69%) and male participants reporting a higher prevalence of isolated diastolic hypertension (11/15, 73%). Following class rebalancing, the random forest classifier gave the best performance (accuracy score 0.89; receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve score 0.89; F1-score 0.89) of the 26 model classifiers. The feature selection model identified uric acid and age as important variables associated with hyperglycemia.

Conclusions

The random forest classifier identified significant clinical correlates associated with hyperglycemia, offering valuable insights for the early detection of diabetes and informing the design and deployment of therapeutic interventions. However, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of each feature’s contribution to blood glucose levels, modeling additional relevant clinical features in larger datasets could be beneficial.
Assessing Intraspecific Genetic Variability in Cannabis sativa Populations of Punjab Pakistan Using RAPD and DNA Barcode Markers
Authors: Ullah Muti , Akram Babar Hafiz Mohsin , Malik Muhammad Faizan
Published: April 2024

Cannabis sativa possess substantial amount of omega-3 fatty acids and several medicinal benefits with potential secondary metabolites. This study employed rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA barcode markers and RAPD marker to explore genetic diversity in C. sativa populations in Punjab, Pakistan. In population genetic study using DNA barcode markers, cladogram showed investigated samples were genetically similar; however, demonstrated significant genetic diversity with the available DNA sequences of this plant from other regions and countries. The nucleotide sequence variation (% divergence) indicated high intraspecific variation in plants of different geographical zones. However, the RAPD marker analysis displayed genetic diversity among collected Cannabis sativa samples. The principal component analysis reinforced these findings by providing a spatial representation of genetic distances among the samples that revealed a considerable genetic diversity among the collected material and significant intraspecific variation was observed, indicating diverse genetic profiles across geographical regions. This research highlights the potential of molecular markers in germplasm selection for breeding programs.
Estimation of mean performance of parents and their hybrids for yield related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad Nouman , Sabir Waseem
Published: April 2024

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important fiber crop and plays an important role in Pakistan's economy as a cash crop. Cotton crop is cultivated primarily for fiber. The main objective of all cotton breeders is the production of a new variety with high yield and fiber quality. The current experiment was be conducted in the research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Crosses were made of four varieties AGC-999, IR-3701, VH-37 and AS-01 by full Diallel mating design in the greenhouse during winter season. Evaluation of 12 crosses and 4 parental varieties were proceeded in the field during Kharif season of 2019 under RCBD (Randomized completely blocked Design) design with three replications. The data for agronomic characters and yield related traits as plant height, number of branches, number of bolls, number of nodes, seed cotton yield, ginning out turn, seed index and lint index was recorded. Mean data of seed cotton yield for all the genotypes indicated that the parent AS-01 provided the maximum yield (93.73 grams) among the parents while AGC-999 × IR-3701 had the maximum yield (82 grams) among the crosses. While VH-37, VH-37 × AS-01 and AS—01 × AGC-999 had the minimum value among parents and crosses respectively. These genotypes
La industria mundial del cobre: cambios territoriales y desafíos socioambientales en el siglo XXI
Authors: Téllez Ramírez Isidro
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: analizar los cambios territoriales y los principales desafíos socioambientales de la industria mundial del cobre en el siglo XXI, con énfasis en América Latina. Metodología: con base en indicadores de fuentes oficiales, se representaron las propiedades estadísticas y los cambios espaciotemporales de la industria cuprífera mediante mapas temáticos, gráficos y tablas. Resultados: se muestra que América Latina es una región extractiva y proveedora de cobre bruto y que la fundición y refinación de dicho metal dio un giro geográfico desde los países occidentales hacia China. Limitaciones: el estudio no revisa las alternativas a las problemáticas detectadas. Valor: se presenta un panorama actual, integral y prospectivo de la producción, el consumo y las reservas mundiales de cobre. Conclusiones: la expansión territorial y los conflictos socioambientales son dos problemas de la industria del cobre que se verán agravados por la transición energética que, entre otros efectos negativos, aumenta el perfil extractivo y dependiente de América Latina.
An IoT- based Measure Guage for Surveil of Water Quality by Parametric Quantity
Authors: Nutipalli Preeti , Sai Gella Chaitanya Venkata , Abhinaya Gundu , Manozna Kota Chandini , Sai Lodagala Hema , Setamraju Raghavendra Anurag
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The document highlights the pressing need to address water-related challenges through innovative approaches, particularly by integrating IoT technology for water quality monitoring. Emphasizing the critical importance of safe drinking water, it proposes an IoT-based framework for continuous water quality assessment. This framework utilizes specific sensors to measure key parameters like turbidity, pH, and temperature, with microcontrollers processing the data for transmission to an Arduino Uno board. Real-time communication enables timely sharing of crucial information with stakeholders, facilitating proactive water resource management. The system determines water drinkability based on compiled data and provides a visual representation for easy interpretation by non-experts. Overall, the integration of IoT offers a comprehensive solution, ensuring safe water consumption and community engagement in water quality management, essential for securing sustainable water resources.
Enhancing Website Visibility: Implementing SEO Techniques for Improved Search Engine Ranking
Authors: Elsayed Mariam Hafez , Mansour Mohamed Fakhry , Aly Dr. Tarek , Gheith Prof. Mervat
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Internet is a very important tool in today's technological age for a variety of purposes, especially when it comes to business promotion. Building a website that offers its users useful content is a crucial step in any online business promotion campaign. But simply having a website is not enough to increase traffic; you also need to ensure that it appears high on search engine results pages (SERPs). A very successful way to accomplish this is by using search engine optimization (SEO) strategies. These approaches use strategies including content refinement, link building, and keyword research to increase a website's exposure on search engine results pages. However, it's critical to recognize that SEO is a continuous process rather than a onetime event. Maintaining good search engine rankings and sustaining the profitability of your online business requires consistent attention and work. By optimizing your website carefully, you may increase its visibility in search results, draw in more visitors, and eventually promote business growth. Thus, it's critical to stick to your SEO tactics to maintain good search engine results and guarantee ongoing success for your online business.
Iot Based Electric Meter Tampering Detector
Authors: Dekate Sahil , Wankhede Palkhi , Ghosh Megha , Gotephode Mansi , Gajimwar Bhoomi
Published: April 2024

Abstract: IoT based smart and multifunctional energy meter reading of automatic meter using ATmegha kit. It has the ability to connect to the public database maintained by the energy supplier through computing and energy meter tamper detection. It can prevent theft detection for unregistered users and save losses as a result. A unique feature of this meter is its Internet of Things based functionality. Metmegha. In this case, the system will use the wireless system communication protocol. Wireless is used because the application requires high data rate, low power consumption and low cost. This article shows the ATmegha remote meter reading system. This is to solve the shortcomings of traditional ATmega Meter Reading technology by combining the features of wireless technology with Microcontroller ATMega16. The hardware design was implemented and then the usage of the ATmegha meter was analyzed. There are many opportunities for errors, processing delays, meter confusion, and misuse of electricity and other resources. More than one worker is needed; One group of workers must record the readings, and others must reduce electricity if payment is not made on time.
The Octagon: Transforming Education Through Coding
Authors: Bisweswar Mr Thakur , Vishwakarma Ankur
Published: April 2024

Abstract: ”The Octagon” is a pioneering EdTech platform designed to teach coding from scratch. This paper examines its design, implementation, and impact on learners’ proficiency and engagement. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, The Octagon’s efficacy in fostering digital literacy and inclusivity is assessed. By offering dynamic learning experiences and personalized pathways, The Octagon transforms coding education, empowering learners worldwide to thrive in the digital age
Do humble leaders build more flexible teams?
Authors: Lu Fangmei , Li Zhi
Published: April 2024

Researchers have suggested that humility is an adaptive strength at the individual level, but the questions of whether, and how, leader humility influences team adaptation are yet to be addressed. In this study we explored the relationship between leader humility and team flexibility.
Drawing on social information processing theory, we theorized that humble leaders would promote team flexibility directly and indirectly by fostering team reflexivity. Analysis of survey data collected from 625 employees of a company in China provided empirical evidence for the proposed relationship
of leader humility with team reflexivity and team flexibility. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is a Challenging Problem in Women
Authors: Hassan Arifa , Muzaffar Muzamil , Reshi Afshana Bashir , . Arooj , Rafi Reshi Mohd , Naqvi Maaz
Published: April 2024

A diverse endocrine condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome is characterised by ovarian cysts, anovulation, and endocrine variance in women. As from the World Health Organisation, PCOS affects more than 116 million women globally. Patients with irregular periods and clinical indications of hyperandrogenism, such as acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, irregular menses, infertility, and alopecia, are suspected of having polycystic ovarian syndrome, a "multispeciality" illness. It is now widely acknowledged that oxidative stress plays a crucial part in the pathogenesis of numerous illnesses, including PCOS. OS is thought to have close interactions with PCOS characteristics, including insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenemia, and chronic inflammation. Although highly complicated antioxidant enzyme and non-enzymatic systems regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and propagation, knowing the mechanisms that underlie oxidative stress is crucial to the development of PCOS prevention and treatment options. Management should prioritise encouraging employees, educating the public, resolving psychological issues, and highlighting a healthy lifestyle with appropriate medical treatment. Long-term metabolic problems need to be monitored and managed as part of standard therapeutic care. To help with early diagnosis, appropriate investigation, routine screening, and treatment of this common illness, comprehensive evidence-based guidelines are required. The research suggests that phytoestrogen rich herbal extracts reduce hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and ovarian weight while increasing ovulation. As a result, these plants may have some effect on the levels of various hormones in the serum as well as ovarian weight and morphology, which presents a chance to research and find novel bioactive compounds.
Design, Development and Evaluation of Tetracycline Controlled Release Microspheres
Authors: Das Sudipta , Ghosh Baishali , Basu Surita , Ghosh Biswajit , Nag Sanjoy
Published: April 2024

Microsphere drug delivery methods have been used to boost efficacy, reduce toxicity, and improve patient compliance. Additional benefits of using microspheres to deliver medications include controlled drug release, improved bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery to the desired location. In order to achieve the required therapeutic effect, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K4M and sodium alginate are used as a polymer in microsphere delivery system and different concentration of aluminium chloride is used as cross linking agent. The advantage of microsphere formulations over traditional tablet or capsule formulations is that they increase the surface area exposed to the absorption site, boosting medication absorption and reducing drug dose frequency. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is frequently used to treat illnesses like pneumonia and respiratory tract infections. The encapsulation effectiveness, particle size, in -vitro release analysis and release kinetics of the microsphere formulations was assessed.
A Descriptive Analysis of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring In India
Authors: Khan Sarah , Uz Zaman Dr.Tabrez
Published: April 2024

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has evolved into therapeutic drug management throughout the past three to four decades, becoming a crucial facet of precision medicine. Even though India has one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, TDM is not widely used there. At the moment, it is restricted to a small number of teaching hospitals and academic medical institutes. Other therapeutic domains, such anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and antitubercular medications, have shown considerable promise to enhance patient outcomes in Indian settings, aside from immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals. The population of this subcontinent is unique in terms of the importance of TDM due to factors like the higher prevalence of nutritional deficiencies, tropical diseases, the widespread adoption of alternative medicines, unlike pharmacogenomics, and the scarcity of population-specific data on the therapeutic ranges of multiple drugs.TDM has not gotten the interest it merits in India, despite its vast applicability and influence on clinical science. This study aims to present a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats) analysis of TDM in India so that suitable measures for promoting TDM growth can be envisaged. Forming a collaborative group with all the stakeholders—including TDM experts, physicians, and the government—and coming up with a National Action Plan to support TDM are urgent needs. To determine the country's TDM focus areas, nodal TDM facilities should be formed, and pilot programmes should be launched. Capacity development and awareness rising are also important steps towards integrating TDM into traditional clinical practice.
Spectroscopic Study of Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method
Authors: N. Padole Nandkishor , Majgavali Nilesh V. , Meshram Monali A. , Padole Nitin N.
Published: April 2024

Well-dispersed and uniform-size preparation of Copper nanoparticles and its X-ray diffraction studies are reported in this paper. A simple and cheapest chemical reduction method with copper sulfate pentahydrate as a main precursor is used for the synthesis of Copper nanoparticles. A wide range of experimental conditions has been adopted in this process and its X-Ray diffraction characterizations have been studied. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the maximum absorption at 295 nm.  Transmission electron microscopy reveals the spherical morphology of the synthesized particles.  The results confirm copper nanopowder with an average particle size in the range of 30-60 nm.
A Comprehensive Review on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: A.Subodh Urkunde , Sandeep Atram C. , Rupali Sable P. , Vrunda Rajput J. , Anuja Gawai G.
Published: April 2024

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as promising drug delivery systems. SLNs have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and improved stability. The abstract explores the key aspects of SLN formulation, emphasizing the influence of lipid composition, surfactants, and production methods on particle size, drug loading, and release kinetics. The impact of these parameters on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of SLN-incorporated drugs is discussed. Furthermore, the review delves into the various methods employed for characterizing SLNs, such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, highlighting their roles in ensuring product quality. The abstract also touches upon recent advancements in SLN research, including surface modification strategies and their implications for targeted drug delivery.In conclusion, this review consolidates current knowledge on SLNs, offering valuable insights into their formulation, characterization, and potential applications in pharmaceutical research. The synthesis of relevant literature provides a foundation for researchers and practitioners to navigate the evolving landscape of SLN-based drug delivery systems.
Impact of nutrition intervention on the nutritional status and cognitive function among children (6-12 years) – An Interventional Study from South India
Authors: Sah Chandan , Battu Dr. Sowjanya , Prasad Yadav Deepak , Das Ajay Kumar , Vishwanath B. A.
Published: April 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to prepare Methotrexate and triherbal loaded topical emulgels for anti-arthritic activity.
Methods: The above sources are subjected to soxhlation and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the above three will be prepared. The extracts will be prepared by proper maceration in suitable solvents in required proportions. The resultant extract will be converted into emulgel as follows: The gel portion of the emulgel will be made by dissolving carbopol-934 in cold water with constant stirring at a moderate speed until uniform mixture is obtained. The pH was then adjusted to 6–6.5 using triethanolamine (TEA). Tween 80 was dissolved in distilled water to prepare the aqueous phase of the emulsion while for the preparation of the oil phase of the emulsion; span 80 was dissolved in liquid paraffin. To preserve the emulsion, benzalkonium chloride was dissolved in water and the suitable amounts of extracts and methotrexate is dissolved in ethanol then both solutions are mixed with the aqueous phase. Both the aqueous and the oil phase were heated in a water bath at 70 °C separately. Then the oil phase was added drop wise to the aqueous phase with continuous stirring using homogenizer at speed of 3000 rpm for 10 min then cold to room temperature. At the end the gel and emulsion portions were mixed in 1:1 ratio with moderately stirring to prepare emulgel. The preparation is made viscous to be spreadable on the skin sufficiently without friction by trial-and-error way of mixing different proportions of gelling polymers. The formulation thus prepared is subjected to suitable characterization and evaluation studies and the optimized formulation is reported after obtaining results.
Results: Drug-polymer compatibility studies (FT-IR and DSC) showed no incompatibility between the drug and polymer. In- vitro permeation studies though egg membrane showed good drug release in the range of 78.91 to 98.92% over a period of 2 hours. The best formulation was found to be F3 showing in-vitro drug release of 98.92%. The correlation and coefficient (R2) values obtained from the kinetic equation shows the drug release from all the formulation (F1-F9) follow zero order drug release mechanism.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that Methotrexate and Triherbal loaded Topical emulgels could be a better formulation approach for Anti-arthritic activity.
To Study the Regulatory Guidelines for API of Ibuprofen: A Review
Authors: Jadhav Shraddha V. , A.S. Nikam , S.B. Gunjal
Published: April 2024

The registration structure of pharmaceutical outcomes is governed by pharmaceutical medication regulatory affairs. It has a broad scope that encompasses all aspects of documentation and marketing in a legitimate format. In our country, the pharmaceutical business is one of the most coordinated industries. Regulatory affairs experts require a current market overview in order to connect pharmaceutical companies with international regulatory bodies. Regulatory issues RA is a career that overlaps a number of industries, including  pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and biotechnology. Within the pharmaceutical sector, RA has a specific connotation. DRA is a dynamic field that encompasses both scientific and legal aspects of drug development. DRA professionals are dedicated individuals who take pride in their contribution to improving humanity’s health and quality of life. The scope of RA as a profession is much more than the registration of outcomes. They provide strategic and practical advice to businesses at a high level. Their small continues through preparation, marketing, and post-marketing. Professionals from RA help the organisation avoid problems caused by sloppy records, incorrect scientific reasoning, or poor data presentation. The claims that can be made for the product on labelling or in advertising are usually restricted in most outcomes areas where regulatory limitations are imposed.
Antitumor Activity and Synthesis of 1, 2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles in One-Pot Diverse Using Bismuth (III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate as Catalyst
Authors: Venkateswarlu A , Harikrishna M , Thriveni P.
Published: April 2024

Various 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles were synthesized in a facile method using Bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate. It is suggested that formation of an intermediate between the substrate, amine and solvent gives the N-arylation process. This developed protocol is demonstrated by the efficient reactions involving various substituents ranging from electron-withdrawing groups to electron-donating groups.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE FOR KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND SELF-EFFICACY ON ADULT CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AMONG HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
Authors: Junli Amiruddin , Ismalina Isa Siti Nor , Shafeera Ibrahim Farrah , Abd Razak Siti Nor Rahimi , Gartika Nina
Published: April 2024

Cardiac arrest was Malaysia's highest cause of death for over two decades. All healthcare providers should be prepared to perform resuscitation, especially in an out-of-hospital setting. This research aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy on adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), known as the KAECPR questionnaire among healthcare providers, focusing on Assistant Medical Officers (AMOs), nurses, and midwives in an out-of-hospital setting. Sixty-one items were initially developed according to the latest Basic Life Support (BLS) guidelines and experts' consensus involving four sections: demographic data and three domains on knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy towards adult CPR. This questionnaire was assessed regarding content validity, face validity, and internal consistency reliability. The average of content validity index at scale level (S-CVI/Ave) and universal agreement of content validity index at scale level (S-CVI/UA) showed over 0.80 for all domains. For average index of face validity (S-FVI/Ave) and universal agreement index of face validity at scale level (S-FVI/UA) also showed more than 0.80, indicating that the items scale was clear, relevant, and understandable. All three domains showed Cronbach's alpha values of over 0.70, indicating it was a reliable instrument. This study demonstrated that the newly developed questionnaire had achieved acceptable content validity, face validity, and internal consistency reliability. Therefore, this instrument can be used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of AMOs, nurses, and midwives in Malaysia regarding out-of-hospital adult CPR. The questionnaire is recommended to be used with existing life support courses in Malaysia to enhance learning and concept-grasping among healthcare providers.
PERCEIVED STRESS AND ALARM FATIGUE AMONG NURSES DEALING WITH CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Abdul Aziz Najat Nadirah , Isa Rosalinda , NorIsmalina Isa Siti , Wan Mansor Wan Arifin , Priyantini Dwi
Published: April 2024

Nurses are exposed to many clinical monitoring alarms in managing critically ill patients, gradually leading to emotional exhaustion and burnout. This situation is called alarm fatigue, where nurses tend to do inappropriate actions to silence the alarms or adjust them outside the appropriate limits. Thus, this study aims to explore stress and alarm fatigue among staff nurses dealing with critically ill patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 114 nurses dealing with critically ill patients (ICU/CCU/HDU/NICU, and A&E) in a private hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Using purposive sampling, participants who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were asked to fill up a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data, a nursing stress scale, and an alarm fatigue questionnaire. After 30 minutes, the questionnaire was collected. Most nurses dealing with critically ill patients reported a low level of stress (65.8%) and alarm fatigue (69.3%). Based on study findings, subscale workload was identified as the primary source of stress (Mean = 2.516, SD = 0.484). Meanwhile, education level and working shift are the only sociodemographic characteristics associated with stress and alarm fatigue (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was seen between stress and alarm fatigue, and this revealed a weak correlation between these two variables (r = 0.078, p = 0.411). Stress and alarm fatigue was found statistically not significant towards each other. Future studies should explore different risk factors associated with alarm fatigue among nurses dealing with critically ill patients.
DEFINITION AND ATTRIBUTES OF OCCUPATIONAL BALANCE FOLLOWING RETIREMENT
Authors: Mohamad Sabri Mohamad Qayum , Dahlan Akehsan , Thurasamy Ramayah , Tomori Kounosuke , Che Daud Ahmad Zamir
Published: April 2024

After retirement, the activities and roles of retirees change as their previously dominant activity and productivity is no longer a part of their routine. This transition can affect each retiree differently, and the risk of non-communicable diseases among retirees becomes more apparent due to lifestyle changes. Achieving occupational balance is crucial for successful ageing, life satisfaction, and subjective well-being in healthcare settings. However, occupational balance is defined and described differently across diverse populations. This study conducted a two-round Delphi study among 18 occupational therapy experts to identify the definition and attributes of occupational balance following retirement in Malaysia. The first round involved open-ended interviews exploring the definition and attributes of occupational balance, followed by a second round using close-ended questions to achieve experts' consensus. The study concluded that occupational balance is defined as an optimal engagement in meaningful and desired occupations, including self-care, productivity, and relaxing activities, according to the retirees' routines and contexts. The attributes were divided into four main groups, and 16 out of 21 statements achieved more than 80 per cent agreement among Malaysian OT experts. The study pioneers fundamental occupational therapy research central to Malaysian perspectives and contributes to healthcare research by exploring possible constructs associated with occupational balance following retirement. Future studies are necessary to explore the influence of each attribute on occupational balance.
HOSPITAL FOOD SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE (HFSQIQ): DEVELOPMENT, TRANSLATION AND VALIDATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Osman Noor Suzana , Md Nor Norazmir , Mustafa Norashikin , Rusali Roszanadia , Ishak Ruzaina
Published: April 2024

The hospital food service department provides meals to staff, patients, and their caregivers while adhering to dietary therapy guidelines and promoting nutritional wellness. High-quality food service plays a pivotal role in offering inpatients nourishing meals that promote physical and mental well-being, aiding their recovery and overall health during their hospitalisation. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool for measuring and evaluating hospital food operations using the Total Quality Management approach. A literature review, in-depth interviews with food service employees, and a peer-review process were conducted to identify the domains and items for the questionnaire. A “Hospital Food Service Quality Improvement Questionnaire” (HFSQIQ) with 61 items in six domains was developed and the content validation was performed by seven experts. The questionnaire was translated into Malay, and the internal consistency of the HFSQIQ was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Resultantly, the HFSQIQ depicted high validity and reliability, with a high I-CVI and Kappa index rating for most items and a Cronbach alpha value of 0.97 and 0.98 for the importance and performance scales, respectively. In conclusion, the HFSQIQ is a useful tool for evaluating and improving the quality of hospital food service operations.
UTILISATION OF HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AMONG DIETITIANS IN THE WORKPLACE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan , Abg Amar Dayang Rohana , Awang Basry Nur Afifah Syahirah , Radzuan Nuri Naqieyah , Aulia Dewi Agil Dhiemitra
Published: April 2024

Dietitians play an important role in advocating lifestyle changes, such as dietary modifications and physical activity, to effectively prevent chronic diseases and avoid complications. The use of information technologies (IT) helps dietitians to engage with their patients. This paper explores the use health information technology among dietitians in the workplace. Four focus group sessions involving fifteen dietitians from hospitals and universities were conducted using an online platform. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to facilitate the interview to understand better dietitians' health IT practices. Interviews were videotaped, verbatim transcribed, and emerging themes and subthemes were thematically analysed. Inductive and deductive content analysis were used. Four themes emerged from the data: 1. utility of health IT tools, 2. factors that influence the use of health IT, 3. frequency of use, and 4. perceived barriers to adoption of health IT. Participants used health IT through health-related mobile applications, web-based platforms, and social media applications. Participants cited self-motivation, advertisement, training, peers, patients, content, ease of use, developers, quality, and functionality as factors in their use of health IT. Some barriers to utilising health IT included not disease-specific tools, inappropriate for all age groups, inaccurate information, inconvenient, required a paid version, and being overloaded with information. This study demonstrates how dietitians make use of health information technology in their practice. Support is required to overcome information technology barriers to be applied successfully in practice. It is important for dietitians to stay current with technological advancements. Dietitians will be able to stay relevant and continue to support evidence-based practice if they do so now and in the future.
Welfare considerations for management of horses on prolonged periods of box rest
Authors: Pearson Gemma
Published: April 2024

** Other clinical commentaries don’t have an abstract, so I have assumed
one is not expected?
Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Severe Hemorrhagic Fever Caused by Coinfection of Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Authors: Jiang Feng , Han Xiaohu , Zhao Yongxiang , Peng Ruihao , Chen Qijun , Wen Ya , Bi Yudan , Zhou Yichen , Chen Yao , Deng Hua , Chen Zeliang
Published: April 2024

Objective: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)
and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) usually have different
infection routes, and coinfection is relatively rare. The clinical and
etiological characteristics of coinfection by the two pathogens will
provide important references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Methods: Blood samples and epidemiological data on HFRS
patients were collected and classified into severe and non-severe groups
according to clinical severity. The differences in clinical
characteristics and levels of pathogens were evaluated and compared.
Results: A total of 22 HFRS patient cases were collected from
December 2021 to October 2022. Of these patients, 16 were non-severe and
6 severe. Patients with rodent exposure history, muscle and joint pain,
weight loss, pharyngeal and conjunctival hyperemia, and positive urine
protein and antibody IGM had a high severe rate (P< 0.05).
Molecular tests on blood samples showed that 3 of the 6 severe patients
were positive for hantavirus, 2 of the 3 hantavirus positives were
positive for bunyavirus. Conclusion: Severe HFRS patients have
different epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. The
coinfection of hantavirus and bunyavirus leads to severe HFRS. These
findings have implications and references for diagnosis and treatment of
coinfected severe cases.
Early-Onset Hypertension and Sex-Specific Residual Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ji Hongwei , E. Ebinger Joseph , C. Kwan Alan , Reue Karen , C. Sullivan Jennifer , Shyy John , Cheng Susan
Published: April 2024

Objective. To investigate whether the sex disparities in type 2 diabetes associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks may be related to early-onset hypertension that could benefit from intensive blood pressure (BP) control.

Research Design and Methods. We analyzed intensive versus standard BP control in relation to incident CVD events in women and men with type 2 diabetes, based on their age of hypertension diagnosis.

Results. Among 3792 adults with type 2 diabetes (49% women), multivariable-adjusted CVD risk was increased per decade earlier age at hypertension diagnosis (HR 1.11 [1.03-1.21], P=0.006). Excess risk associated with early-diagnosed hypertension was attenuated in the presence of intensive versus standard antihypertensive therapy in women (P=0.036) but not men (P=0.76).

Conclusions. Women with type 2 diabetes and early-onset hypertension may represent a higher-risk subpopulation that not only contributes to the female excess in diabetes-related CVD risk but that may benefit from intensive BP control.
A Gepárd nagy űrméretű puska fejlesztésének története 5. rész
Authors: Földi Ferenc
Published: April 2024

1988-ban készült el a 12,7 mm-es Gepárd egylövetű mesterlövészpuska kísérleti mintapéldánya, amelynek a rendszeresítés után Gepárd M1 néven sorozatgyártott változata, mintegy 90 példányban azóta is szolgálja a Magyar Honvédséget. A szerző bemutatja a fejlesztés körülményeit és folyamatát az igény felmerülésétől a mintapéldány elkészítéséig, majd az ellenőrző méréseket szolgáló tesztlövészetek végrehajtásáig.