bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signal Processing from the First Exploration of Big Data Horizon
Authors: Shi Jin
Published: August 2020

Under the background of the popularization and application of computers in various fields, the amount of diversified data has been greatly increased, which also means that the era of big data is gradually coming. At the same time, various signal equipment and sensor equipment are widely used in various fields. People from the perspective of big data expect to collect, analyze and process the signal data by means of big data. However, due to the diversity of signal data and the huge and complex amount of data, the future development trend of signal from the perspective of big data is the information fusion of signal data. Therefore, it is necessary to explore signal processing from the perspective of big data. With the application of signal processing technology, the efficiency and quality of information processing can be improved gradually.
La justicia de la tortura. Variaciones sobre el tema
Authors: La Torre Massimo
Published: August 2020

En fechas recientes, varios filósofos y juristas se han replanteado la posible justificación de la tortura, reabriendo la “Caja de Pandora” que se estimaba absolutamente sellada tras el consenso jurídico internacional de la segunda posguerra. En este trabajo se analizan la filosofía de la tortura, sus variantes consecuencialistas, así como algunas de las estrategias argumentativas utilizadas para reclamarle un espacio de legitimidad en nuestras modernas democracias. Comienza revisando dos de las obras más importantes contra la quaestio escritas durante el siglo xviii para enfatizar su incompatibilidad fenomenológica con el derecho. A continuación, se introduce en algunas discusiones suscitadas tras las conclusiones de la Comisión Landau de Israel en 1989, donde el debate sobre la tortura fue reabierto. Luego de recordarnos la posición de Jeremy Bentham al respecto, el autor critica cuidadosamente sendas estrategias desarrolladas con la finalidad de legitimarla en la actualidad. Su conclusión, sin embargo, es tajante: la tortura, si es una imposición deliberada de sufrimiento contra un sujeto indefenso, sigue siendo tortura, sea cual sea su motivo o los fines que se persigan, y no puede justificarse.
¿Administraciones públicas “genderizadas”?
Authors: Ruiloba Núñez Juana María , Navarro González Rocío
Published: August 2020

Dotarse de instrumentos normativos y de políticas de género con el objeto de derrotar las desigualdades estructurales es el objetivo de las acciones para la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres diseñadas por los Estados. En este trabajo, centrado en el estudio de caso de la Administración Pública española, se repasan las medidas adoptadas en el ámbito del acceso al empleo público y la política de personal en el periodo democrático, para responder a las preguntas: ¿cuándo y cómo han sido diseñadas?, ¿qué actores políticos las han impulsado?, ¿en qué momento estamos? El propósito último es identificar los avances y las medidas específicas, trayendo al debate los elementos generales y contextuales que obstaculizan la consecución efectiva de la igualdad. El estudio de la Administración Pública española puede ejemplificar un recorrido, particular pero muy ilustrativo, de las dificultades, retos y estrategias en favor de la igualdad y las políticas públicas con perspectiva de género.
Identification of Poinsettia mosaic virus (Tymovirus) in commercial varieties of Euphorbia pulcherrima
Authors: Jacobo-Villegas Omar , Colinas-León María Teresa , Lozoya-Saldaña Héctor , Alia-Tejacal Irán , Camacho-Tapia Moisés , Leyva-Mir Santos Gerardo , Tovar-Pedraza Juan Manuel , Pérez-Nicolás Mónica
Published: August 2020

En México, el Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV) infecta dos variedades comerciales de nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima); sin embargo, se desconoce la presencia del virus en otras variedades comercializadas en el país. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron la identificación del PnMV en 20 variedades comerciales de nochebuena y evaluación de dos soluciones amortiguadoras en la transmisión mecánica del PnMV a especies diferenciales. La identificación del virus se realizó con pruebas serológicas y moleculares. Se inocularon cuatro especies diferenciales (Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. clevelandii y Chenopodium amaranticolor) con PnMV. Se identificó a PnMV mediante DAS-ELISA en las 20 variedades comerciales, en 13 de ellas se corroboró la presencia por RT-PCR. En N. benthamiana se observaron verrugas y clorosis sistémica (solución de fosfatos + DIECA, pH 8.6). Se detectó el PnMV en 100% de las variedades comerciales de nochebuena evaluadas con la técnica serológica DAS-ELISA, aunque solo el 35% mostró síntomas característicos de la infección viral. N. benthamiana presentó síntomas putativos a la infección por el virus, pero no se corroboró molecularmente.
MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN RAMAH ANAK DALAM KELUARGA DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Fitriani Laily , Gelang Sri Bintang
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan tentang pentingnya pendidikan ramah anak dalam keluarga. Maraknya kekerasan dalam keluarga pada anak membuat perlu adanya penguatan-penguatan dalam keluarga untuk membangun pendidikan ramah anak dan menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama pada era pandemi Covid-19 saat ini. Era pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam pertumbuhan berbagai sektor kehidupan, baik dari segi ekonomi, kesehatan, sosial, politik, dan tak terkecuali pendidikan. Berdasarkan ketentuan pemerintah yang mengalihkan pendidikan dari sekolah ke rumah ternyata banyak memunculkan berbagai problemantika bagi anak dan keluarga. Orang tua yang pada awalnya kurang perhatian dalam pendidikan anak, selama masa pandemi Covid-19 wajib memberikan pengasuhan sekaligus pendidikan yang optimal kepada anak. Memberikan pendidikan ramah anak sejak dini secara terus menerus dapat menanamkan perilaku positif anak dalam hidupnya. Sehingga akan lahir generasi ramah anak dalam pribadi anak sekaligus memutus mata rantai kekerasan pada anak, sebab pendidikan dengan kekerasan akan memberikan dampak pada fase tumbuh kembang anak dan fase kehidupan anak dari remaja dan dewasanya. Pendidikan ramah anak di keluarga dapat dilakukan dengan: 1) Penerapan komunikasi yang berimbang antara orang tua dan anak; 2) Penerapan disiplin anti kekerasan; dan 3) Penerapan pembentukan karakter positif pada anak.
Aplicativo em Realidade Aumentada para o ensino de Desenho Técnico na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica
Authors: Beck Thiago Moreira , Costa Aline Couto da
Published: August 2020

Technical Drawing is an important content in several courses in Vocational and Technological Education. However, in the pedagogical process related to the theme, students' difficulties are observed in the representation of three-dimensional objects due to the limited development of spatial vision. Thus, it is considered that Augmented Reality contributes to educational actions related to spatial perception and that the use of applications aids to teaching and learning. Therefore, the objective of this work is to describe how the authors developed an Augmented Reality mobile application that aims at facilitating students' understanding of Technical Drawing, as it is a tool that helps the pedagogical process.
A utilização de fotografias e mapas conceituais no processo de aprendizagem significativa dos recursos hídricos
Authors: Rocha Renata Ezequiél da , França Marizângela Faustino , Azevedo Breno Fabrício Terra
Published: August 2020

This article presents the application of a didactic sequence with 9th grade students from two Junior High Schools in the municipalities of Itaperuna and Porciúncula, both in the state of Rio de Janeiro. We addressed the classroom theme “water resources”, using the Problem-Based Active Learning methodology as well as the integration of Art and Science, based on Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Learning. The work aimed at raising student awareness about the importance of water resources using photographic language. To identify the subsumers, a brainstorming survey was carried out followed by activities with texts, videos and debates. After this, photographs were taken and concept maps were drawn up, culminating in an exhibition for the school community.
TÜRK GRAMERCİLİĞİNDE CÜMLE TASNİFLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ERTÜRK Halil İbrahim
Published: August 2020

Türk gramerciliğinin Anadolu sahasındaki seyri, Müyessiretü’l-Ulûm ile başlar. Bergamalı Kadri’nin eserini telif ettiği 1530’dan bu yana, farklı dönemlerde ve birbirinden farklı yaklaşımlarla Türk dilinin grameri üzerine birçok eser telif edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte çeşitli sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel gelişmeler sebebiyle değişiklik gösteren Doğu’yu ve Batı’yı örnek alma eğilimi, Türk gramerciliğinde de etkisini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, Anadolu sahasında Türk dili grameri üzerine kaleme alınan kaynaklarda benimsenen yöntemler, kullanılan terimler ve tasnifler bakımından birtakım ayrışmalar ve düzensizlikler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sorun ve düzensizliklerin tespit edilebildiği konu başlıklarından biri de cümlelerin sınıflandırılmasıdır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, Müyessiretü’l-Ulûm’dan itibaren Anadolu sahasında yazılan başlıca Türkçe gramer kitaplarında yer alan cümle tasnifleri incelenmiş ve bu kaynaklarda cümlelerin sınıflandırılması hususunda görülen sorun ve düzensizlikler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, mevcut konuda görülen sorun ve düzensizlikleri tespit etmenin yanında, cümlelerin tasnifi konusunda dikkat edilmesi gereken noktaları vurgulamaktır.
Community-Based Stunting Intervention Strategies: Literature Review
Authors: Kusumawardani Lita Heni , Rasdiyanah Rasdiyanah , Rachmawati Utami , Jauhar Muhamad , Desy Rohana I Gusti Ayu Putu
Published: August 2020

Stunting is a growth disorder in children caused by malnutrition for a long time. The child's condition becomes shorter than normal children his age and has a delay in thinking. The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is quite high sostunting is becoming a priority health problem now. An effective strategy is needed to control stunting in Indonesia. The aim of this review was to explore the stunting management strategies to potentially implement in Indonesia.A literature review design was used to explore the stunting management strategies. Literature study of 15 articles retrieved from the journal database of Science Direct, Proquest, Scopus, and EBSCO in the last 5 years using keywords stunting, management, rural areas, and community based. Data were analyzed in tables consist of title, author, year, sample, methodology, and result. Control and preventionstunting could done through integrated nutrition interventions.Strategy Specific nutritional interventions such as providing supplementation and supplementary food plus nutritional interventions including non-health interventions, improving the family's economy, access and utilization of clean water, sanitation (especially latrines and safe septic tanks), which are urgently needed to support personal hygiene behavior and the environment . Interventions can use mother's counseling and support methods regularly by health workers by involving health cadres.Specific and sensitive intervention strategies are effective strategies within stunting control and prevention. Monitoring and evaluation of nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices coupled with an assessment of the nutritional status and morbidity of mothers and children is also very necessary in controlling and preventing stunting in Indonesia
The effect of education on the demographic dividend: an analysis of the Brazilian case
Authors: Guimarães de Melo Bruno , Rios-Neto Eduardo
Published: August 2020

The demographic dividend has aroused interest among demographers and economists because it is seen as a window of oportunity for the economic development of countries that have experienced a demographic transition. There are reasons to question the sole virtuosity of the pure demographic dividend in economic growth. Crespo-Cuaresma et al. (2014) found that educational expansion has an important role in economic gains during the demographic dividend. To verify these results for the Brazilian case, we performed a decomposition exercise of economic support ratio (ESR), an alternative to demographic dependency ratio, to analyze the first demographic dividend. A simulation, applied for the period from 1970 to 2100 considering three scenarios of educational expansion, shows that educational expansion was and will be responsible for a big share of the economic gains of the Brazilian demographic dividend period, outperforming the change in age structure effect. In addition, an increase in a work-age population with post-secondary education appears to potentialize these results.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP PEREMPUAN PULAU DI DESA GEDUGAN, PULAU GILIGENTING, KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Wardani Ismi Aulil
Published: August 2020

Pendapatan adalah salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perempuan Pulau untuk melakukan strategi bertahan hidup. Tidak hanya itu, masih ada faktor lainnya yang mempengaruhi. Faktor-faktor tersebut terkumpul dalam modal aset rumah tangga, dimana masing-masing saling terkait dan ada pula faktor yang paling  mendominasi diantara lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi strategi bertahan hidup yang ada di Desa Gedugan Pulau Giligenting dan menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dengan strategi bertahan hidup perempuan pulau . Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuisioner (skala likert), observasi dan wawancara. Metode pengambilan sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling dengan slovin. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modal finansial, modal sosial, modal alam, modal fisik dan modal manusia, sedangkan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling mendominasi dan paling berpengaruh tehadap strategi bertahan hidup Perempuan Pulau adalah modal finansial.

 

Income is one of the factors that influence Island women to carry out a survival strategy. Not only that, there are still other factors that influence. These factors are collected in household asset capital, each of which is interrelated and there is also a factor that is most dominating among others. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence the survival strategy in Gedugan Village, Giligenting Island and analyze the relationship between the factors that influence the survival strategy of island women. The method used is quantitative analysis by distributing questionnaires (Likert scale), observation and interviews. The sampling method used was random sampling with Slovin. The variables used in this study are financial capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and human capital, while the analytical method used is factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the most dominant and most influential factor on the survival strategy of Pulau Perempuan was financial capital.
INOVASI MODEL BIOINDUSTRI BERBASIS SAGU SPESIFIK LOKASI DI PAPUA
Authors: Beding Petrus Alexander , Lewaherilla Niki
Published: August 2020

Abstrack : The Sago Bioindustry Agriculture Model produces food raw materials in the form of flour, and sago sugar food ingredients and the use of sago waste into organic fertilizer. The results of the business analysis show that sago starch, sago sugar and fertilizer products provide benefits for increasing farmers' income and are feasible to be developed each with a business feasibility level of R / C sago flour R / C (2.44) efficiency level for venture capital 40 , 8%; sago sugar R / C value of 2.81 with an efficiency level of 22.6% and sago waste organic fertilizer value of R / C 1.3 with a level of business capital efficiency of 76%. The purpose of this research is to disseminate location-specific sago bioindustry technology innovation models in accordance with the SOP of quality sago flour production, sago-based food processing, and utilization of waste for fertilizer.

 

Abstrak: Model Pertanian Bioindustri sagu menghasilkan produk bahan baku pangan berupa tepung, dan bahan pangan gula sagu serta pemanfaatan limbah sagu menjadi pupuk organik. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiseminasikan model  inovasi teknologi bioindustri sagu spesifik lokasi sesuai dengan SOP produksi tepung sagu bermutu, pengolahan pangan berbasis sagu, dan pemanfaatan limbah untuk pupuk. Hasil analisis usaha menunjukan bahwa produk tepung sagu, gula sagu dan pupuk  memberikan nilai manfaat bagi peningkatan pendapatan petani dan layak untuk dikembangkan masing-masing dengan tingkat kelayakan usaha R/C tepung sagu R/C (2,44) tingkat efisensi terhadap modal usaha 40,8%; gula sagu nilai R/C 2,81 dengan tingkat efisiensi 22,6% dan pupuk organik limbah sagu  nilai R/C 1,3 dengan tingkat efisiensi modal usaha sebesar 76%.    
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KECAMATAN TEMPULING KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Wibowo Dhany , Maharani Evy , Eliza Eliza
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Indragiri Hilir districtis is one of the main coconut-producer districts with a total production of up to 359,397 tons in Riau Province. This study aims to analyze the profit of coconut sugar agro-industry producer. The study was conducted in Karya Tunas Jaya village, Tempuling sub-district, Indragiri Hilir district. This location was chosen due to this village has a lot of hybrid coconut plantations and which are still active in processing downstream coconut sugar industry. This research was conducted for 6 months. To answer the research objectives used income analysis and return to cost ratio. The results showed that to produce a coconut sugar had to go through a long process, starting from collecting raw materials to molding and cooling coconut sugar. The average total processing cost of coconut sugar producer was Rp. 3,960,040.86/month and coconut sugar agro-industry producer profit was Rp. 4,845,866.67. Furthermore, the R/C ratio index of palm sugar agro-industry producer was 1.23 with an average profit of Rp. 885,825.80.

 

Abstrak: Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir termasuk kabupaten penghasil kelapa peringkat pertama dengan jumlah produksi mencapai 359.397 ton di Provinsi Riau (BPS Provinsi Riau, 2018). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keuntungan pengrajin agroindustri gula kelapa. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Tempuling Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir dan dipilih Desa Karya Tunas Jaya. Pemilihan lokasi ini dilakukan dengan sengaja dengan pertimbangan bahwa di lokasi ini merupakan desa yang banyak terdapat perkebunan kelapa hibrida dan yang masih aktif dalam pengolahan industri hilir gula kelapa. Penlitian ini dilakukan selama 6 bulan. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian digunakan analisis keuntungan dan efisiensis usaha agroindustri gula kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan untuk menghasilkan gula kelapa harus melalui proses yang panjang, proses tersebut mulai dari pengumpulan bahan baku sampai pencetakan dan pendinginan gula kelapa. Rata-rata total biaya pengolahan pengrajin gula kelapa sebesar Rp. 3.960.040,86/bulan dan diperoleh keuntungan pengrajin agroindustri gula kelapa Rp. 4.845.866,67. Selanjutnya indeks rasio R/C pelaku usaha agroindustri gula kelapa  sebesar 1,23 dengan rata rata keuntungan sebesar Rp  885.825,80. 
TEKNOLOGI EKSISTING USAHA TERNAK SAPI KELOMPOK TANI KARYA BERSAMA PADA PENDAMPINGAN PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PETERNAKAN KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Beding Petrus Alexander , Tiro Batseba M.W. , Dominanto Ghalih P
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Jayapura is one of regencies in Papua which is designated as development of breeding area of beef cattle commodities. This study aims to present data and information about the profile of beef cattle farms in the Karya Bersama Farmer Group, Namblong district, Jayapura regency as the location for assisting the development of breeding area of beef cattle commodities. Data collection were conducted by survey and interview to 24 farmers at Kelompok Tani Karya Bersama that strengthened by Focus Group Discussion. The demonstration plot was carried out by introducing forage processing technology into silage and fermented straw as well as additional feed (bran) and observing the level of livestock reproduction. The results showed that the level of productivity of cattle is still relatively low, where calving interval is long (18-24 months), high S/C value (2 - 4), low birth weight (15-18 kg) and changes in body weight 0.1-0.2 kg/head/day. However, the assistance of technology can improve the productivity of cattle. 

 

Abstrak: Kabupaten Jayapura merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Papua yang ditetapkan sebagai pengembangan kawasan peternakan komoditas sapi potong. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan data dan informasi mengenai profil usaha ternak sapi sapi potong pada kelompok tani Karya Bersama, Distrik Namblong, Kabupaten Jayapura sebagai lokasi pendampingan pengembangan kawasan peternakan komoditas sapi potong. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei dan wawancara langsung menggunakan kuisioner semi-struktur terhadap 24 responden peternak pada kelompok tani Karya Bersama dan dipertajam dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Kegiatan demplot dilakukan dengan mengintroduksi teknologi pengolahan hijauan menjadi silase dan jerami fermentasi serta pakan tambahan (dedak) dan dilakukan pengamatan terhadap tingkat reproduksi ternak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tingkat produktivitas ternak sapi masih tergolong rendah, dimana calving interval cukup panjang (18 – 24 bulan), nilai S/C tinggi (2 - 4), bobot lahir rendah (15 – 18 kg) serta perubahan bobot badan induk 0,1-0,2 kg/ekor/hari. Namun dengan adanya pendampingan teknologi dapat memperbaiki kinerja produktivitas ternak sapi. 
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭТИОЛОГИИ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗА И КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ (обзор литературы)
Authors: Ермакова Лариса , Суладзе Александр , Долгова Нина , Думбадзе Олег , Твердохлебова Татьяна
Published: August 2020

Резюме. В настоящей работе представлен обзор данных литературы, посвященных новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Цель данного обзора – анализ и обобщение результатов некоторых опубликованных исследований по вопросам этиологии, патогенеза и клинических проявлений различных форм COVID-19, а также изменений, регистрирующихся при лабораторном и инструментальном обследовании больных различными формами течения данной инфекции. Благодаря способности к стремительной мутации, которой отличаются все микст – вирусы, SARS-CoV-2 стал высококонтагиозным антропонозом, способным вызывать заболевание человека. Высокая восприимчивость организма человека к новому коронавирусу, разнообразие механизмов и путей передачи, полиморфность клинической симптоматики от признаков поражения дыхательных путей, общетоксического синдрома до диспептических явлений, в сочетании со значительной долей больных с легкими и бессимптомными формами COVID-19, являющимися при этом эффективными источниками заражения населения, привели к развитию текущей пандемии. В настоящее время во всем мире для борьбы с текущей пандемией международные органы общественного здравоохранения и научное сообщество практически ежедневно актуализируют информацию об особенностях клинического течения, повышают достоверность существующих методов диагностики и эффективность способов лечения COVID-19, а также выявляют предикторы его неблагоприятного прогноза. Информированность специалистов практического здравоохранения об особенностях эпидемиологии и клинических проявлениях новой коронавирусной инфекции имеет решающее значение в снижении заболеваемости населения и прогнозировании развития тяжелых форм COVID-19 и, соответственно в уменьшении количества летальных исходов.
Carbonate-shelf evolution during the Oligocene to early Miocene: insights from shelf architecture, lithofacies, and depositional models of the Kujung Formation, offshore East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fifariz Reynaldy , Janson Xavier , Kerans Charles , Sapiie Benyamin
Published: August 2020

Oligocene–Miocene carbonates are prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs in Southeast Asia. Extensive subsurface data for this stratigraphic section has become available through exploration and production activities. A carbonate shelf in the study area showed an evolution in shelf architecture and lithofacies during this period. Despite the economic importance, complexity, and data availability, there have been few published studies on a comprehensive description and interpretation of carbonate-shelf evolution in the region.

We utilized data from nineteen wells and 1,300 km2 of 3D seismic data from offshore East Java to study the Oligocene–Miocene Kujung Formation. An average of 700 m stratigraphic sections from this formation were analyzed. This interval spans 13.5 million years (My) from the Rupelian, Chattian, through Aquitanian constrained by numerical ages from 87Sr/86Sr. The Kujung Formation is subdivided into the Rupelian–Chattian mixed-siliciclastic–carbonate shelf (MSCS) and the Aquitanian carbonate-buildups shelf (CBS) based on shelf architecture and lithofacies. The boundary between the MSCS and CBS is interpreted to be near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary at 23 Ma. Accumulation rates in the CBS are up to three times greater than that of the MSCS. We propose new depositional models for the Kujung Formation, which was used to discuss the dominant controls on shelf evolution.

This study suggests that although climate played a role in dictating environmental conditions during the Oligocene–Miocene, the dominant factors controlling carbonate-shelf evolution in the study area appear to have been antecedent topography, routing of siliciclastic sediment, and patterns of sea-level fluctuation.
TB or not TB: banding in turbidite sandstones
Authors: Stevenson Christopher J. , Peakall Jeff , Hodgson David M. , Bell Daniel , Privat Aurélia
Published: August 2020

Recognition and interpretation of sedimentary structures is fundamental to understanding sedimentary processes. Banded sandstones are an enigmatic sedimentary facies comprising alternating mud-rich (as matrix and/or mud clasts) and cleaner sand layers. The juxtaposition of hydrodynamically different grain sizes contradicts established models of cleaner-sand bedform development. Here, outcrop, subsurface core, and petrographic data from three deep-water systems, with well-constrained paleogeographic contexts, are used to describe the range of sedimentary textures, bedform morphologies, and facies associations, and to quantify the mud content of banding. Banding can occur in any part of a bed (base, middle, or top), but it typically overlies a structureless basal sandstone or mud-clast conglomerate lag, and is overlain by clean parallel-laminated sandstone and/or ripple cross-lamination. Banding morphology ranges from sub-parallel to bedforms that comprise low-angle laminae with discontinuous lenses of mudstone, or asymmetric bedforms comprising steeply dipping foresets that transition downstream into low-amplitude bedwaves, or steeply dipping ripple-like bedforms with heterolithic foresets. This style of banding is interpreted as a range of bedforms that form progressively in the upper-stage plane-bed flow regime via tractional reworking beneath mud-laden transitional plug flows. The balance of cohesive and turbulent forces, and the rate of flow deceleration (aggradation rate), govern the style of deposit. Banded sandstones and linked debrites are rarely found juxtaposed together in the same bed because they are distributed preferentially in proximal and distal settings, respectively. Understanding the origins of banding in turbidite sandstones, the conditions under which it forms, and its distribution across deep-water systems and relationship to linked debrites, is important for it to be used effectively as a tool to interpret the geological record.
Innovation Through Collaboration
Authors: Powell Lynne , Lim HanShe , Brown Iain , Huang Tao , Munksgaard Niels C. , Randall Mark , Holdsworth Jason , Cook Helen
Published: August 2020

With little data available on the quality of stormwater discharging from urban catchments to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the driver for the Smart Catchments: Saltwater Creek project was “If we don’t monitor, we can’t manage”. To do this, near real-time high-frequency discharge and water quality data are needed. A second driver was to make available, for the first time in a GBR catchment, near real-time water quality data for Council’s management actions but also for the community from an education perspective to engage them in water quality issues. Working collaboratively with industry, community, educators and scientists, the project, led by Cairns Regional Council, fulfils a commitment to the Reef 2050 Long-Term Sustainability Plan. This paper presents a more holistic and effective approach to monitor and manage water quality runoff from urban catchments.
Diagnosing Multistage Fracture Treatments with Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors
Authors: Pakhotina Iuliia , Sakaida Shohei , Zhu Ding , Hill A. Daniel
Published: August 2020

Distributed acoustic-sensing technology is a diagnostic method that has been implemented in the oil and gas industry for flow monitoring during injection or production. One of the applications is to estimate fluid distribution during hydraulic fracturing treatment. This is an invaluable diagnostic tool for multistage fracture treatments because of the large number of parameters and high uncertainty involved in these fracture treatments. Distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) measurements are based on data extracted from a fiber-optic cable installed in a wellbore. Fiber-optic cable strain is sensitive to temperature and acoustic variations induced by fluid flow with different fluid properties and fracture geometries. These parameters are evaluated from the backscattered laser pulse through the fiber using coherent Rayleigh backscattering for DAS and Raman backscattering for distributed temperature sensing (DTS). The DAS interrogation system acquires strain response to acoustic variations along the measured depth of the wellbore for all periods of time.

This study presents a method of interpretation of flow-rate distribution from acoustic signals from DAS measurements. Raw acoustic measurements are transformed into energy-attribute distribution for all necessary depth locations and time frame. It allows calculating energy for each perforation cluster location. This calculation demands proper depth-interval consideration for each perforation cluster. A depth-windowing procedure allowing location of intervals where DAS channel measurements must be integrated for each timestep is applied to all stages. Based on previous experimental and computational fluid-dynamic investigations, the correlation between acoustic signal and flow rate is applied to interpret the measured DAS data to flow distribution.

In this paper, the system of equations that connects acoustic energy response with clusters flow-rate distribution during the injection period using these correlations is introduced. The solution of this system allows calculating cumulative volume for each perforation cluster on each timestep and at the end of fracture treatment. As additional verification of flow-rate distribution, the results of DAS interpretation were compared with the interpretation results of DTS. A field example is used to illustrate the interpretation procedure.

From this work, it is concluded that, besides qualitative analysis, the DAS interpretation method provides a quantitative estimation of flow distribution. Based on current assumptions, the interpretation results from DAS and DTS are comparable with a satisfactory agreement. The combined DAS and DTS interpretations help in understanding cluster efficiency in multistage fracture treatments.
Motivations, experiences and aspirations of Trainee Nursing Associates in England. A qualitative study
Authors: King Rachel Louise , Ryan Tony , Wood Emily , Tod Angela , Robertson Steve
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe nursing associate role was developed in England in response to the ‘Shape of Caring’ review. It has been implemented to fulfil two aims; to bridge the gap between registered nurses and healthcare assistants, and to provide an alternative route into registered nursing in light of workforce shortages.Other high income countries deploy second level nurses within their healthcare systems, however the UK has a turbulent history with such roles. The previous state enrolled nurse was phased out in the 1990s, and more recently the assistant practitioner (AP) role has faced wide variation in titles, scope and pay. Little is known about those who have embarked on the new nursing associate training course and their experiences of the role.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was undertaken using focus groups of trainee nursing associates to generate in-depth discussion about their motivations, experiences of training, and career aspirations.Three focus groups (n=15) took place in December 2018 using a purposive sample of trainee nursing associates registered at a University in the North of England. Two researchers facilitated each group discussion at a time and place convenient for participants. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and data was analysed thematically.ResultsThis study found that trainee nursing associates are motivated by affordable, local, career development. During training they face challenges relating to clinical support, academic workload and uncertainty about future career opportunities. They experience role ambiguity both individually and across the wider organisation. Trainee nursing associates rely on broad support networks to build their occupational identity.ConclusionsThe barriers and facilitators of trainee nursing associate personal development have implications for policy and practice relating to recruitment and retention. The results increase our understanding of this emerging role, and have informed the development of a larger longitudinal cohort study. Further research is required to evaluate the impact of this new role.
Assessment of choriocapillary blood flow changes in response to half-dose PDT in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using OCTA
Authors: Liu Juejun , Chen Changzheng , Li Lu , Xu Yishuang , Yi Zuohuizi , He Lu , Zheng Hongmei
Published: August 2020

Background: To quantify blood flow changes in choriocapillaris (CC) of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) patients receiving half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: A total of 28 affected eyes and 24 unaffected eyes of 26 CCSC patients receiving half-dose PDT, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy gender- and age-matched subjects were retrospectively enrolled. The proportion of total areas of flow signal voids (FSV, %) in CC level of OCTA was assessed in both eyes of the CCSC patients at baseline and repeated in multiple sections at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month intervals after PDT. In addition, CC patterns in response to PDT at early stage and their subsequent morphologic changes were qualitatively documented using OCTA.Results: For affected eyes, significant decrease in FSV was found at 6-m follow-up when compared with that at 1-m follow-up (p=0.036). When compared to normal control eyes, FSV in affected eyes was significantly higher at 1-m, 3-m and 6-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all), while FSV in unaffected eyes was significantly higher at baseline, 1-w, 1-m and 3-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all). Three CC patterns of early response to PDT were identified, including signs of recovery with more even flow signals, transient appearance of worse ischemia and secondary neovascularization within CC level.Conclusion: Abnormal CC flow attenuation remains in completely resolved eyes of CCSC patients treated with half-dose PDT.
Young Medical Doctors’ Perspectives on Professionalism: A Qualitative Study Conducted in Public Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Jalil Aisha , Mahmood Qaisar Khalid , Fischer Florian
Published: August 2020

Background: Professionalism is amongst the major dimensions determining the competence of medical doctors. Poor professionalism affects the overall outcome of healthcare services. This study explores the perspectives of young medical doctors on professionalism in Pakistan.Methods: A qualitative study based on in-depth interviews was conducted with 60 young medical doctors, aged less than 40 years, who had studied medicine in Pakistani universities, were Pakistani nationals, and were employed at various hierarchical levels, from house officer to consultant specialist, in public tertiary hospitals in Pakistan. The respondents were identified through a multistage maximum heterogeneity sampling strategy. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on a previous extensive literature review. Written consent was obtained from the hospitals and study participants. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to analyse the data.Results: The data analysis revealed that rigidity of opinions, unacceptability of contrasting perspectives, false pride, and perceived superiority over other professions and patients were major components of poor medical professionalism. Most of the young doctors believed that there is no need to include professionalism and humanity course modules in the medical curriculum, because topics related to social sciences are deemed irrelevant to medicine and judged to be common sense. The doctors recognised good professionalism in themselves, while reporting unprofessional behaviour demonstrated by their colleagues and paramedics. Other factors contributing to poor medical professionalism included the use of social media applications during duty hours, ridiculing patients, substance use such as smoking cigarettes in the office, referrals of complicated cases to other hospitals, freeing up beds before holidays, lack of cooperation from paramedical staff, and inadequate role models.Conclusions: Poor medical professionalism among young doctors needs to be addressed by policymakers. There is a need to revisit the medical curriculum to strengthen professionalism. It is essential to develop the qualities of tolerance, teachability, and acceptance in doctors in order to facilitate interprofessional collaborations and avoid medical errors.
Expression of mitochondrial protein genes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes correlate with energy metabolism in dairy cattle
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Jagt Christy J. Vander , Garner Josie B. , Marett Leah C. , Mason Brett , Reich Coralie M. , Xiang Ruidong , Clark Emily L. , Cocks Benjamin G. , Chamberlain Amanda J. , MacLeod Iona M. , Daetwyler Hans D.
Published: August 2020

Background Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been implicated in mitochondrial disease, often characterized by impaired cellular energy metabolism. Cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria involves mitochondrial proteins (MP) from both the nuclear (NuMP) and mitochondrial (MtMP) genomes. The expression of MP genes in tissues may be tissue specific to meet varying specific energy demands across the tissues. Currently, the characteristics of MP gene expression in tissues of dairy cattle are not well understood. In this study, we profile the expression of MP genes in 29 adult and six foetal tissues in dairy cattle using RNA sequencing and gene expression analyses: particularly differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses.Results MP genes were differentially expressed (DE; over-expressed or under-expressed) across tissues in cattle. All 29 tissues showed DE NuMP genes in varying proportions of over-expression and under-expression. On the other hand, DE of MtMP genes was observed in <50% of tissues and notably MtMP genes within a tissue was either all over-expressed or all under-expressed. A high proportion of NuMP (up to 60%) and MtMP ( up to 100%) genes were over-expressed in tissues with expected high metabolic demand; heart, skeletal muscles and tongue, and under-expressed (up to 45% of NuMP, 77% of MtMP genes) in tissues with expected low metabolic rates; leukocytes, thymus, and lymph nodes. These tissues also invariably had the expression of all MtMP genes in the direction of dominant NuMP genes expression. The NuMP and MtMP genes were highly co-expressed across tissues and co-expression of genes in a cluster were non-random and functionally enriched for energy generation pathway. The differential gene expression and co-expression patterns were validated in independent cow and sheep datasets.Conclusions The results of this study support the concept that there are biological interaction of MP genes from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes given their over-expression in tissues with high energy demand and co-expression in tissues. This highlights the importance of considering MP genes from both genomes in future studies related to mitochondrial functions and traits related to energy metabolism.
Downregulation of Long Noncoding RNA TUG1 Attenuate MTDH /NF-κB/IL-1β mediated inflammatory damage via Targeting miR-29b-1-5p After Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion in rats
Authors: Jia Hui , Li Zhe , Fang Bo , Chang Yi , Zhou Yongjian , Ma Hong
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Hamann Cara , Peek-Asa Corinne , Butcher Brandon
Published: August 2020

Background. Racial/ethnic disparity has been documented in a wide variety of health outcomes, and environmental components are contributors. For example, food deserts have been tied to obesity rates. Pedestrian injuries are strongly tied to environmental factors, yet no studies have examined racial disparity in pedestrian injury rates. We examine a nationally-representative sample of pedestrian-related hospitalizations in the United States to identify differences in incidence, severity, and cost by race/ethnicity.Methods. Patients with ICD diagnosis E-codes for pedestrian injuries were drawn from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009-2016). Rates were calculated using the United States Census. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression were used to examine characteristics (age, sex, severity of illness, mortality rates, hospital admissions, length of stay, total costs) associated with hospitalizations for pedestrian injuries.Results. The annual average of pedestrian-related deaths exceeded 5,000 per year and hospitalizations exceeded 47,000 admissions per year. The burden of injury from pedestrian-related hospitalizations was higher among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other groups in terms of admission rates, costs per capita, proportion of children injured, and length of stay compared to Whites and Asian or Pacific Islander race/ethnicities. Compared to Whites, hospital admission rates were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89-1.94) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.19-1.21) times higher for Multiracial/Other and Blacks, respectively. Costs per capita ($USD) were $6.30, $4.14, and $3.22 for Multiracial/Others, Blacks, and Hispanics, compared to $2.88 and $2.32 for Whites and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Proportion of lengths of stay exceeding one week were larger for Blacks (26.4%), Hispanics (22.6%), Asian or Pacific Islanders (23.1%), and Multiracial/Other (24.1%), compared to Whites (18.6%). Extreme and major loss of function proportions were also highest among Black (34.5%) and lowest among Whites (30.2%).Discussion. Results from this study show racial disparities in pedestrian injury hospitalization rates and outcomes, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other race/ethnicity groups and support population and system-level approaches to prevention. Access to transportation is an indicator for health disparity, and these results indicate that access to safe transportation also shows inequity by race/ethnicity.
Identification of potential biomarkers and candidate small molecule drugs in glioblastoma
Authors: Lu Wei-cheng , Xie Hui , Yuan Ce , Li Jin-jiang , Li Zhao-yang , Wu An-hua
Published: August 2020

Background and aims:Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and aggressive primary brain tumor, and the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. This study aimed to identify the key genes associated with the development of GBM and provide new diagnostic and therapies for GBM. Methods:Three microarray datasets (GSE111260, GSE103227, and GSE104267) were selected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for integrated analysis. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) between GBM and normal tissues were identified. Then, prognosis-related DEGs were screened by survival analysis, followed by functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to explore the hub genes associated with GBM. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hub genes were respectively validated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Subsequently, the small molecule drugs of GBM were predicted by using Connectivity Map (CMAP) database. Results:A total of 78 prognosis-related DEGs were identified, of which10 hub genes with higher degree were obtained by PPI analysis. The mRNA expression and protein expression levels of CETN2, MKI67, ARL13B, and SETDB1 were overexpressed in GBM tissues, while the expression levels of CALN1, ELAVL3, ADCY3, SYN2, SLC12A5, and SOD1 were down-regulated in GBM tissues. Additionally, these genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of GBM. We eventually predicted the 10 most vital small molecule drugs, which potentially imitate or reverse GBM carcinogenic status. Cycloserine and 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 might be considered as potential therapeutic drugs of GBM. Conclusions:Our study provided 10 key genes for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for GBM. These findings might contribute to a better comprehension of molecular mechanisms of GBM development, and provide new perspective for further GBM research. However, specific regulatory mechanism of these genes needed further elaboration.
Association between serum progesterone levels on the day of frozen-thawed embryo transfer and pregnancy outcomes after artificial endometrial preparation
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhu Qianqian , Huang Jialyu , Qiu Meiting , Zhu Yanwen , Cai Renfei , Kuang Yanping
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.