bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants
Authors: Kumar Manu , Le Dung Thi , Hwang Seongbin , Seo Pil Joon , Kim Hyun Uk
Published: May 2019

The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) genes comprise a conserved transcription factor family that regulates a variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Many recent studies have focused on the genetic characterization of IDD family members and revealed various biological functions, including modulation of sugar metabolism and floral transition, cold stress response, seed development, plant architecture, regulation of hormone signaling, and ammonium metabolism. In this review, we summarize the functions and working mechanisms of the IDD gene family in the regulatory network of metabolism and developmental processes.
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Changes in Cytoskeleton
Authors: Malacrida Alessio , Meregalli Cristina , Rodriguez-Menendez Virginia , Nicolini Gabriella
Published: May 2019

Despite the different antineoplastic mechanisms of action, peripheral neurotoxicity induced by all chemotherapy drugs (anti-tubulin agents, platinum compounds, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide) is associated with neuron morphological changes ascribable to cytoskeleton modifications. The “dying back” degeneration of distal terminals (sensory nerves) of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons, observed in animal models, in in vitro cultures and biopsies of patients is the most evident hallmark of the perturbation of the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, in highly polarized cells like neurons, the cytoskeleton carries out its role not only in axons but also has a fundamental role in dendrite plasticity and in the organization of soma. In the literature, there are many studies focused on the antineoplastic-induced alteration of microtubule organization (and consequently, fast axonal transport defects) while very few studies have investigated the effect of the different classes of drugs on microfilaments, intermediate filaments and associated proteins. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on: (1) Highlighting the fundamental role of the crosstalk among the three filamentous subsystems and (2) investigating pivotal cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
STIM Proteins and Glutamate Receptors in Neurons: Role in Neuronal Physiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Serwach Karolina , Gruszczynska-Biegala Joanna
Published: May 2019

Neuronal calcium (Ca2+) influx has long been ascribed mainly to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and glutamate receptor channels. Recent research has shown that it is also complemented by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) protein-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is described as Ca2+ flow into cells in response to the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. The present review summarizes recent studies that indicate a relationship between neuronal SOCE that is mediated by STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and glutamate receptors under both physiological and pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders. We present evidence that the dysregulation of neuronal SOCE and glutamate receptor activity are hallmarks of acute neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease). Emerging evidence indicates a role for STIM proteins and glutamate receptors in neuronal physiology and pathology, making them potential therapeutic targets.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 is Associated with a Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype in COPD: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Gulati Swati , Wells J. Michael , Urdaneta Gisel P. , Balestrini Kira , Vital Isabel , Tovar Katherine , Barnes Jarrod W. , Bhatt Surya P. , Campos Michael , Krick Stefanie
Published: May 2019

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease punctuated by exacerbations (AECOPD). Subjects with frequent AECOPD, defined by having at least two exacerbations per year, experience accelerated loss of lung function, deterioration in quality of life and increase in mortality. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23, a hormone associated with systemic inflammation and altered metabolism is elevated in COPD. However, associations between FGF23 and AECOPD are unknown. In this cross-sectional study, individuals with COPD were enrolled between June 2016 and December 2016. Plasma samples were analyzed for intact FGF23 levels. Logistic regression analyses were used to measure associations between clinical variables, FGF23, and the frequent exacerbator phenotype. Our results showed that FGF23 levels were higher in frequent exacerbators as compared to patients without frequent exacerbations. FGF23 was also independently associated with frequent exacerbations (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.004–1.04; p = 0.017), after adjusting for age, lung function, smoking, and oxygen use. In summary, FGF23 was associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype and correlated with number of exacerbations recorded retrospectively and prospectively. Further studies are needed to explore the role of FGF 23 as a possible biomarker for AECOPD to better understand the pathobiology of COPD and to help develop therapeutic targets.
Targeting Protein Kinases to Enhance the Response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy
Authors: García-Aranda Marilina , Redondo Maximino
Published: May 2019

The interaction between programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is one of the main pathways used by some tumors to escape the immune response. In recent years, immunotherapies based on the use of antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 have been postulated as a great promise for cancer treatment, increasing total survival compared to standard therapy in different tumors. Despite the hopefulness of these results, a significant percentage of patients do not respond to such therapy or will end up evolving toward a progressive disease. Besides their role in PD-L1 expression, altered protein kinases in tumor cells can limit the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies at different levels. In this review, we describe the role of kinases that appear most frequently altered in tumor cells and that can be an impediment for the success of immunotherapies as well as the potential utility of protein kinase inhibitors to enhance the response to such treatments.
In-Cell Synthesis of Bioorthogonal Alkene Tag S-Allyl-Homocysteine and Its Coupling with Reprogrammed Translation
Authors: Nojoumi Saba , Ma Ying , Schwagerus Sergej , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Budisa Nediljko
Published: May 2019

In this study, we report our initial results on in situ biosynthesis of S-allyl-l-homocysteine (Sahc) by simple metabolic conversion of allyl mercaptan in Escherichia coli, which served as the host organism endowed with a direct sulfhydration pathway. The intracellular synthesis we describe in this study is coupled with the direct incorporation of Sahc into proteins in response to methionine codons. Together with O-acetyl-homoserine, allyl mercaptan was added to the growth medium, followed by uptake and intracellular reaction to give Sahc. Our protocol efficiently combined the in vivo synthesis of Sahc via metabolic engineering with reprogrammed translation, without the need for a major change in the protein biosynthesis machinery. Although the system needs further optimisation to achieve greater intracellular Sahc production for complete protein labelling, we demonstrated its functional versatility for photo-induced thiol-ene coupling and the recently developed phosphonamidate conjugation reaction. Importantly, deprotection of Sahc leads to homocysteine-containing proteins—a potentially useful approach for the selective labelling of thiols with high relevance in various medical settings.
Honokiol Improves Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice
Authors: Kim Young-Je , Jung Un Ju
Published: May 2019

This study focuses on the effect of honokiol (HON) on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed a normal diet with or without HON (0.02%, w/w) or pioglitazone (PIO, anti-diabetic agent, 0.01%, w/w) for 5 weeks. Blood biomarker, tissue morphology and enzymatic and genetic parameters were determined. PIO significantly decreased food intake, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, but markedly increased body weight, adipose tissue weight, and plasma leptin levels. HON did not significantly affect food intake, body weight, or levels of plasma leptin and blood glucose. However, HON led to significant decreases in adipose tissue weight, plasma insulin, blood HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels and improved glucose tolerance. The anti-diabetic and anti-adiposity effects of HON were partially related to the inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes and their mRNA expression in the liver; and the inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue, respectively. Unlike PIO, HON did not affect dyslipidemia, but ameliorated hepatic steatosis by inhibiting hepatic lipogenic enzymes activity. Moreover, HON exhibited anti-inflammatory effects similar to PIO. These results suggest that HON can protect against type 2 diabetes by improving insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation.
Control Mechanisms of the Tumor Suppressor PDCD4: Expression and Functions
Authors: Matsuhashi Sachiko , Manirujjaman M. , Hamajima Hiroshi , Ozaki Iwata
Published: May 2019

PDCD4 is a novel tumor suppressor to show multi-functions inhibiting cell growth, tumor invasion, metastasis, and inducing apoptosis. PDCD4 protein binds to the translation initiation factor eIF4A, some transcription factors, and many other factors and modulates the function of the binding partners. PDCD4 downregulation stimulates and PDCD4 upregulation inhibits the TPA-induced transformation of cells. However, PDCD4 gene mutations have not been found in tumor cells but gene expression was post transcriptionally downregulated by micro environmental factors such as growth factors and interleukins. In this review, we focus on the suppression mechanisms of PDCD4 protein that is induced by the tumor promotors EGF and TPA, and in the inflammatory conditions. PDCD4-protein is phosphorylated at 2 serines in the SCFβTRCP ubiquitin ligase binding sequences via EGF and/or TPA induced signaling pathway, ubiquitinated, by the ubiquitin ligase and degraded in the proteasome system. The PDCD4 protein synthesis is inhibited by microRNAs including miR21.
Sickle Cell Disease—Genetics, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Authors: Inusa Baba , Hsu Lewis , Kohli Neeraj , Patel Anissa , Ominu-Evbota Kilali , Anie Kofi , Atoyebi Wale
Published: May 2019

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenetic disorder due to a single base-pair point mutation in the β-globin gene resulting in the substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the β-globin chain. Phenotypic variation in the clinical presentation and disease outcome is a characteristic feature of the disorder. Understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disorder is central to the choice of therapeutic development and intervention. In this special edition for newborn screening for haemoglobin disorders, it is pertinent to describe the genetic, pathologic and clinical presentation of sickle cell disease as a prelude to the justification for screening. Through a systematic review of the literature using search terms relating to SCD up till 2019, we identified relevant descriptive publications for inclusion. The scope of this review is mainly an overview of the clinical features of pain, the cardinal symptom in SCD, which present following the drop in foetal haemoglobin as young as five to six months after birth. The relative impact of haemolysis and small-vessel occlusive pathology remains controversial, a combination of features probably contribute to the different pathologies. We also provide an overview of emerging therapies in SCD.
How Much Do Emotional, Behavioral, and Cognitive Factors Actually Impact College Student Attitudes towards English Language Learning? A Quantitative and Qualitative Study
Authors: Zuo Xin , Weaver Regina , MacRae Julia , Wang Limin
Published: May 2019

Researchers have proposed many multidimensional frameworks to identify significant and potential factors, e.g., educational background, positive feelings and career aspirations, that impact English learning attitude in second language acquisition. Yet, there is still very little research to graphically describe the interactions between these factors and how these factors directly or indirectly impact learning attitude. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Changchun University of Technology. Statistical measures and Bayesian network analysis were introduced to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the collected data. Furthermore, the significant attitudinal differences between students majoring in the Liberal Arts or Sciences were investigated for the case study. Studying the interaction between these factors can help explain how they positively affect students’ attitudes toward English language learning. To stimulate interest, teachers may take targeted pedagogical approaches or strategies.
A Novel Fractional-Order Grey Prediction Model and Its Modeling Error Analysis
Authors: Meng Wei , Zeng Bo , Li Shuliang
Published: May 2019

Based on the grey prediction model GM(1,1), a novel fractional-order grey prediction model is proposed and its modeling error is systematically studied. In this paper, exponential data sequences are generated for numerical simulation. Via the numerical simulation method, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the fractional-order GM(1,1) with different values of order and development coefficient is compared to the GM(1,1) and the discrete GM(1,1). The error distribution of the sequences of exponential data is given. The GM(1,1) and the direct modeling GM(1,1) are both special cases of the fractional-order GM(1,1). The conclusion is helpful to further optimize the grey model using fractional-order operators and to expand the applicable bound of GM(1,1).
Link Prediction Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Wentao , Wu Lintao , Huang Ye , Wang Hao , Zhu Rongbo
Published: May 2019

In recent years, endless link prediction algorithms based on network representation learning have emerged. Network representation learning mainly constructs feature vectors by capturing the neighborhood structure information of network nodes for link prediction. However, this type of algorithm only focuses on learning topology information from the simple neighbor network node. For example, DeepWalk takes a random walk path as the neighborhood of nodes. In addition, such algorithms only take advantage of the potential features of nodes, but the explicit features of nodes play a good role in link prediction. In this paper, a link prediction method based on deep convolutional neural network is proposed. It constructs a model of the residual attention network to capture the link structure features from the sub-graph. Further study finds that the information flow transmission efficiency of the residual attention mechanism was not high, so a densely convolutional neural network model was proposed for link prediction. We evaluate our proposed method on four published data sets. The results show that our method is better than several other benchmark algorithms on link prediction.
Modeling the Catalyst Activation Step in a Metal–Ligand Radical Mechanism Based Water Oxidation System
Authors: Govindarajan Nitish , Meijer Evert Jan
Published: May 2019

Designing catalysts for water oxidation (WOCs) that operate at low overpotentials plays an important role in developing sustainable energy conversion schemes. Recently, a mononuclear ruthenium WOC that operates via metal–ligand radical coupling pathway was reported, with a very low barrier for O–O bond formation, that is usually the rate-determining step in most WOCs. A detailed mechanistic understanding of this mechanism is crucial to design highly active oxygen evolution catalysts. Here, we use density functional theory based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) with an explicit description of the solvent to investigate the catalyst activation step for the [Ru(bpy) 2 (bpy–NO)] 2 + complex, that is considered to be the rate-limiting step in the metal–ligand radical coupling pathway. We find that a realistic description of the solvent environment, including explicit solvent molecules and thermal motion, is crucial for an accurate description of the catalyst activation step, and for the estimation of the activation barriers.
Abundance and Population Decline Factors of Chrysopid Juveniles in Olive Groves and Adjacent Trees
Authors: Alcalá Herrera Rafael , Campos Mercedes , González-Salvadó Marina , Ruano Francisca
Published: May 2019

Numerous species of the family Chrysopidae, commonly found in agroecosystems, whose larvae predate on several pests of economic importance, are regarded as biological control agents. Their abundance and diversity are influenced by vegetation cover, although little is known about the effects of semi-natural habitats on their populations. The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the trees in semi-natural habitats adjacent to olive groves, juvenile stages of the family Chrysopidae and factors influencing their population decline, which is crucial for an effective habitat management program aimed at conserving these important predators. Using cardboard band traps (eight per tree), the juvenile stages were collected from 25 almond, oak, olive and pine trees over a one-year sampling period. The population decline was caused by parasitoids (26.5%), predators (5.1%) and unknown factors (13.2%). In addition, chrysopids established in olive trees showed the lowest rate of parasitism. We identified ten chrysopid species that emerged from the juveniles collected from almond, oak, olive and pine trees, with a predominance of Pseudomallada prasinus. The chrysopid–parasitoid complex was composed of five species; Baryscapus impeditus (Eulophidae), which was the most abundant, was preferentially associated with Chrysopa pallens, Chrysoperla lucasina and Chrysoperla mediterranea.
Mean Platelet Volume Predicts Vascular Access Events in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Lano Guillaume , Sallée Marion , Pelletier Marion , Bataille Stanislas , Fraisse Megan , Berda-Haddad Yaël , Brunet Philippe , Burtey Stéphane
Published: May 2019

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) is the vascular access (VA) of 78% of hemodialysis patients (HD) in France. VA dysfunction corresponding to either stenosis requiring angioplasty or acute thrombosis is responsible for 30% of hospitalizations. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a biological marker of cardiovascular events. We studied MPV in a cohort of HD patients as a predictive marker of VA dysfunction. We conducted a prospective monocentric cohort study that included patients with AVF or AVG on chronic HD (n = 153). The primary outcome was the incidence of VA dysfunction regarding MPV value. The median MPV was 10.8 fL (7.8–13.5), and four groups were designed according to MPV quartiles. Fifty-four patients experienced the first event of VA dysfunction. The incidence of VA dysfunction was higher in patients with the highest MPV: 59% (23 events), 34% (14 events), 27% (11 events), and 18% (6 events), respectively, for the fourth, third, second, and first quartiles (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent association between MPV and VA dysfunction—OR 1.52 (1.13–2.07), p < 0.001. VA dysfunction is predicted by MPV level. Patients with the highest MPV have the highest risk of VA events.
Cardiovascular Health Metrics in the Development and Regression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: Jang Eun-Hee , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Kim Seolhye , Kim Young Hwan , Sung Ki-Chul , Cho Yong Kyun , Lee Soo-Jin , Shin Hocheol , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D.
Published: May 2019

Cardiovascular Health (CVH) metrics scores are associated with cardiovascular disease but whether CVH scores are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is uncertain. Our aim was to investigate associations between CVH scores and development or regression of NAFLD. A cohort study was performed in Korean adults who underwent a comprehensive health examination. The CVH metrics were defined according to the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 metrics, ranging from 0 (all metrics considered unhealthy) to 7 (all metrics considered healthy). Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound, and liver fibrosis assessed using NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Among 93,500 participants without NAFLD or fibrosis at baseline, 15,899 developed NAFLD, and 998 developed NAFLD plus intermediate/high NFS. Healthy CVH metrics were inversely associated with NAFLD and also NAFLD with fibrosis. In time-dependent models after updating the CVH score and confounders as time-varying covariate, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) for incident NAFLD plus intermediate/high NFS participants with CVH metrics score 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6–7 to those with score 0–1 were 0.86 (0.59–1.25), 0.51 (0.36–0.73), 0.44 (0.31–0.62), 0.20 (0.14–0.29) and 0.09 (0.05–0.14), respectively. Regression of NAFLD occurred in 9742/37,517 participants who had NAFLD at baseline with positive association with CVH metrics. Higher CVH scores were significantly associated with both (a) decreased incidence of NAFLD, and (b) regression of existing NAFLD. Promoting adherence to ideal CVH metrics can be expected to reduce the burden of NAFLD as well as cardiovascular disease.
Disulfiram (Antabuse) Activates ROS-Dependent ER Stress and Apoptosis in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shah O’Brien Priyanka , Xi Yue , Miller Justin R. , Brownell Amy L. , Zeng Qinghua , Yoo George H. , Garshott Danielle M. , O’Brien Matthew B. , Galinato Anthony E. , Cai Peter , Narula Neha , Callaghan Michael U. , Kaufman Randal J. , Fribley Andrew M.
Published: May 2019

A paucity of advances in the development of novel therapeutic agents for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, oral cavity (OSCC) and oropharynx, has stagnated disease free survival rates over the past two decades. Although immunotherapies targeted against checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 are just now entering the clinic for late stage disease with regularity the median improvement in overall survival is only about three months. There is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify new therapies that can be used alone or in combination with current approaches to increase survival by more than a few months. Activation of the apoptotic arm of the unfolded response (UPR) with small molecules and natural products has recently been demonstrated to be a productive approach in pre-clinical models of OSCC and several other cancers. The aim of current study was to perform a high throughput screen (HTS) with a diverse chemical library to identify compounds that could induce CHOP, a component of the apoptotic arm of the UPR. Disulfiram (DSF, also known as Antabuse) the well-known aversion therapy used to treat chronic alcoholism emerged as a hit that could generate reactive oxygen species, activate the UPR and apoptosis and reduce proliferation in OSCC cell cultures and xenografts. A panel of murine embryonic fibroblasts null for key UPR intermediates (e.g., Chop and Atf4) was resistant to DSF suggesting that an intact UPR is a key element of the mechanism regulating the antiproliferative effects of DSF.
Stem Cells Inhibition by Bevacizumab in Combination with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Sabatier Renaud , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Pierga Jean-Yves , Curé Hervé , Lambaudie Eric , Genre Dominique , Houvenaeghel Gilles , Viens Patrice , Ginestier Christophe , Bertucci François , Sfumato Patrick , Extra Jean-Marc , Gonçalves Anthony
Published: May 2019

Preclinical works have suggested cytotoxic chemotherapies may increase the number of cancer stem cells (CSC) whereas angiogenesis inhibition may decrease CSC proliferation. We developed a proof of concept clinical trial to explore bevacizumab activity on breast CSC. Breast cancer patients requiring preoperative chemotherapy were included in this open-label, randomized, prospective, multicenter phase II trial. All received FEC-docetaxel combination, and patients randomized in the experimental arm received concomitant bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was to describe ALDH1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) positive tumor cells rate before treatment and after the fourth cycle. Secondary objectives included safety, pathological complete response (pCR) rate, disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Seventy-five patients were included. ALDH1+ cells rate increase was below the predefined 5% threshold in both arms for the 32 patients with two time points available. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events rates were similar in both arms. A non-significant increase in pCR was observed in the bevacizumab arm (42.6% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.06), but survival was not improved (OS: p = 0.89; DFS: p = 0.45; and RFS: p = 0.68). The increase of ALDH1+ tumor cells rate after bevacizumab-based chemotherapy was less than 5%. However, as similar results were observed with chemotherapy alone, bevacizumab impact on breast CSC cells cannot be confirmed.
Impact of Cumulative Corticosteroid Dosage on Preventable Hospitalization among Taiwanese Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wallace Beth I. , Harris Chelsea A. , Wang Lu , Liu Mochuan , Chen Jung-Sheng , Kuo Chang-Fu , Chung Kevin C.
Published: May 2019

Background: Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for autoimmune conditions, but their impact on preventable hospitalization rates is unclear. This study sought to investigate the effect of corticosteroid use on hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions among Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using adults in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research database receiving a new diagnosis of AS (n = 40,747) or IBD (n = 4290) between January 2002 and June 2013. Our main outcome measure was odds of preventable hospitalization for eight ambulatory care-sensitive conditions defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Results: In the first quarter (three months) following diagnosis, corticosteroid usage was common among patients with AS and IBD (18.5% and 30%, respectively). For every 100 mg increase in corticosteroid dose per quarter, adjusted odds of preventable hospitalization in the following quarter increased by 5.5% for patients with AS (aOR = 1.055, 95% CI 1.037–1.074) and 6.4% for those with IBD (aOR = 1.064, 95% CI 1.046–1.082). Conclusions: Relatively low doses of corticosteroids significantly increase AS and IBD patients’ short-term odds of hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions. As recommended by current clinical guidelines, physicians should use corticosteroids sparingly in these populations, and prioritize initiation/escalation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for long-term management. If corticosteroids cannot be avoided, patients may require monitoring and/or prophylaxis for corticosteroid-associated comorbidities (e.g., diabetes) which can result in preventable hospitalizations.
Patient Eligibility for Standardized Treatment of the Edentulous Mandible: A Retrospective CBCT-Based Assessment of Mandibular Morphology
Authors: Aouini Walid , Lambert France , Vrielinck Luc , Vandenberghe Bart
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the proportion of patients recommended for full-arch mandibular restoration that would be eligible for treatment with a recently developed premanufactured full-arch prosthesis (Trefoil™, Nobel Biocare) based on the morphology of their lower jaw. Anonymized cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from 100 partially and fully edentulous patients referred for full-arch mandibular restoration were retrospectively collected from an imaging center database. Using custom-built software, CBCTs of mandibles were registered to a reference CBCT of a patient treated previously with a premanufactured full-arch prosthesis to determine if patients had adequate horizontal width and vertical height for implant placement. Bone height and thickness around simulated implants and distances to the incisive canal were evaluated. Mandibular arch width and semi-automated volume calculations were also performed. Using the system-specific 5.0 mm diameter implants with lengths of 13 and 11.5 mm, 85% and 86% of patients, respectively, were eligible for treatment with the standardized prosthesis. Eligibility was higher for men than women (odds ratio = 3.9, p = 0.045) due to increased bone volume. Based on mandibular morphology, our results suggest that the standardized treatment concept could serve a large percentage of patients with edentulous mandibles or failing dentition in the mandible.
Can the Macrogeometry of Dental Implants Influence Guided Bone Regeneration in Buccal Bone Defects? Histomorphometric and Biomechanical Analysis in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Fernández-Domínguez Manuel , Ortega-Asensio Victor , Fuentes Numancia Elena , Aragoneses Juan , Barbu Horia , Ramírez-Fernández María , Delgado-Ruiz Rafael , Calvo-Guirado José , Samet Nahum , Gehrke Sergio
Published: May 2019

The aim of this experimental animal study was to assess guided bone regeneration (GBR) and implant stability (ISQ) around two dental implants with different macrogeometries. Forty eight dental implants were placed within six Beagle dogs. The implants were divided into two groups (n = 24 per group): G1 group implants presented semi-conical macrogeometry, a low apical self-tapping portion, and an external hexagonal connection (whereby the cervical portion was bigger than the implant body). G2 group implants presented parallel walls macrogeometry, a strong apical self-tapping portion, and an external hexagonal connection (with the cervical portion parallel to the implant body). Buccal (mouth-related) defects of 2 mm (c2 condition) and 5 mm (c3 condition) were created. For the control condition with no defect (c1), implants were installed at crestal bone level. Eight implants in each group were installed under each condition. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured immediately after implant placement, and on the day of sacrifice (3 months after the implant placement). Histological and histomorphometric procedures and analysis were performed to assess all samples, measuring crestal bone loss (CBL) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). The data obtained were compared with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The ISQ results showed a similar evolution between the groups at the two evaluation times, although higher values were found in the G1 group under all conditions. Within the limitations of this animal study, it may be concluded that implant macrogeometry is an important factor influencing guided bone regeneration in buccal defects. Group G1 showed better buccal bone regeneration (CBL) and BIC % at 3 months follow up, also parallel collar design can stimulate bone regeneration more than divergent collar design implants. The apical portion of the implant, with a stronger self-tapping feature, may provide better initial stability, even in the presence of a bone defect in the buccal area.
Critical Evaluation of Sinonasal Disease in 64 Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Bequignon Emilie , Dupuy Laurence , Zerah-Lancner Francoise , Bassinet Laurence , Honoré Isabelle , Legendre Marie , Devars du Mayne Marie , Escabasse Virginie , Crestani Bruno , Maître Bernard , Escudier Estelle , Coste André , Papon Jean-François
Published: May 2019

To date, no study precisely described ear, nose and throat (ENT) disease in adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and its relationship with ciliary function/ultrastructure. A retrospective study of standardized ENT data (exam, audiogram, sinus Computed tomography (CT), and bacteriology) was conducted in 64 adults with confirmed PCD who were followed in two ENT reference centers. Rhinorrhoea and hearing loss were the main symptoms. Symptom scores were higher in older patients. Nasal endoscopy was abnormal in all patients except one, showing nasal polyps in one-third of the patients and stagnant nasal mucus secretions in 87.5% of the patients. Sinus CT opacities were mainly incomplete and showed one-third of the patients with sinus hypoplasia and/or agenesis. Middle meatus mainly grew Haemophilus influenzae, Streptoccocus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Otitis media with effusion (OME), which is constant in childhood, was diagnosed in less than one-quarter of the patients. In two-thirds of the patients, audiogram showed hearing loss that was sensorineural in half of the patients. ENT disease severity was not correlated with ciliary function and ultrastructure, but the presence of OME was significantly associated with a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) < 70%. Rhinosinusitis is the most common clinical feature of PCD in adults, while OME is less frequent. The presence of active OME in adults with PCD could be a severity marker of lung function and lead to closer monitoring.
Virtual Enactment Effect on Memory in Young and Aged Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tuena Cosimo , Serino Silvia , Dutriaux Léo , Riva Giuseppe , Piolino Pascale
Published: May 2019

Background: Spatial cognition is a critical aspect of episodic memory, as it provides the scaffold for events and enables successful retrieval. Virtual enactment (sensorimotor and cognitive interaction) by means of input devices within virtual environments provides an excellent opportunity to enhance encoding and to support memory retrieval with useful traces in the brain compared to passive observation. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines concerning the virtual enactment effect on spatial and episodic memory in young and aged populations. We aim at giving guidelines for virtual enactment studies, especially in the context of aging, where spatial and episodic memory decline. Results: Our findings reveal a positive effect on spatial and episodic memory in the young population and promising outcomes in aging. Several cognitive factors (e.g., executive function, decision-making, and visual components) mediate memory performances. Findings should be taken into account for future interventions in aging. Conclusions: The present review sheds light on the key role of the sensorimotor and cognitive systems for memory rehabilitation by means of a more ecological tool such as virtual reality and stresses the importance of the body for cognition, endorsing the view of an embodied mind.
Lysosomal Acid Lipase as a Molecular Target of the Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet in Morbidly Obese Patients: The Potential Effects on Liver Steatosis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Ministrini Stefano , Calzini Lucia , Nulli Migliola Elisa , Ricci Maria Anastasia , Roscini Anna Rita , Siepi Donatella , Tozzi Giulia , Daviddi Giulia , Martorelli Eva-Edvige , Paganelli Maria Teresa , Lupattelli Graziana
Published: May 2019

A very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is an emerging technique to induce a significant, well-tolerated, and rapid loss of body weight in morbidly obese patients. The low activity of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) could be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a common feature in morbidly obese patients. Fifty-two obese patients suitable for a bariatric surgery intervention underwent a 25-day-long VLCKD. The biochemical markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery were measured before and after VLCKD. LAL activity was measured using the dried blood spot technique in 20 obese patients and in a control group of 20 healthy, normal-weight subjects. After VLCKD, we observed a significant reduction in body mass index, fasting glucose, insulinemia, and lipid profile parameters. No significant variation in FMD was observed. The number of patients with severe liver steatosis significantly decreased. LAL activity significantly increased, although the levels were not significantly different as compared to the control group. In conclusion, VLCKD induces the activity of LAL in morbidly obese subjects and reduces the secretion of all circulating lipoproteins. These effects could be attributed to the peculiar composition of the diet, which is particularly poor in carbohydrates and relatively rich in proteins.
UPR: An Upstream Signal to EMT Induction in Cancer
Authors: Santamaría Patricia G. , Mazón María J. , Eraso Pilar , Portillo Francisco
Published: May 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle where newly synthesized proteins enter the secretory pathway. Different physiological and pathological conditions may perturb the secretory capacity of cells and lead to the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins. To relieve the produced stress, cells evoke an adaptive signalling network, the unfolded protein response (UPR), aimed at recovering protein homeostasis. Tumour cells must confront intrinsic and extrinsic pressures during cancer progression that produce a proteostasis imbalance and ER stress. To overcome this situation, tumour cells activate the UPR as a pro-survival mechanism. UPR activation has been documented in most types of human tumours and accumulating evidence supports a crucial role for UPR in the establishment, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance of tumours as well as its involvement in the acquisition of other hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we will analyse the role of UPR in cancer development highlighting the ability of tumours to exploit UPR signalling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Cytometric Characterization of Main Immunocompetent Cells in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Relationship with Disease Activity and Type of Immunosuppressive Treatment
Authors: Gumkowska-Sroka Olga , Jagoda Krystyna , Owczarek Aleksander , Helbig Grzegorz , Giemza-Stokłosa Joanna , Kotyla Przemysław J.
Published: May 2019

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease that is characterized by widespread skin and internal organ fibrosis vasculopathy and immune response abnormalities, including T, B, natural killer (NK), and natural killer T (NKT) cell involvement. The aim of the study was to investigate the immune cell profile in patients with systemic sclerosis in relation to the disease activity, severity, and antibody presence and their relation to the type of immunosuppressive treatment. Cytometric examination identified following cell lines: B cells (Breg, B memory, B mature) and plasmablasts, T cell, T double positive—Tdp, T double negative—Tdn, NK, and NKT cell and monocytes. The disease severity and activity were assessed based on the Medsger and the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research Group (EUSTAR) 2017 scales respectively. In the study, SSc patients were characterized by higher total lymphocyte count parallel to increased frequency of Ts and Th cells. In SSc patients, increment of Tdp and reduction of Tdn as well as NK and NKT cells were observed. Additionally in SSc patients the reduction of B memory was noted. Head to head comparison between cyclophosphamide (CYC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment showed a reduction of CD19+ cells, but increment of plasmablasts in CYC treated patients.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy: New Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Najar Mehdi , Bouhtit Fatima , Melki Rahma , Afif Hassan , Hamal Abdellah , Fahmi Hassan , Merimi Makram , Lagneaux Laurence
Published: May 2019

Stem cells have been the focus of intense research opening up new possibilities for the treatment of various diseases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with relevant immunomodulatory properties and are thus considered as a promising new strategy for immune disease management. To enhance their efficiency, several issues related to both MSC biology and functions are needed to be identified and, most importantly, well clarified. The sources from which MSCs are isolated are diverse and might affect their properties. Both clinicians and scientists need to handle a phenotypic-characterized population of MSCs, particularly regarding their immunological profile. Moreover, it is now recognized that the tissue-reparative effects of MSCs are based on their immunomodulatory functions that are activated following a priming/licensing step. Thus, finding the best ways to pre-conditionate MSCs before their injection will strengthen their activity potential. Finally, soluble elements derived from MSC-secretome, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been proposed as a cell-free alternative tool for therapeutic medicine. Collectively, these features have to be considered and developed to ensure the efficiency and safety of MSC-based therapy. By participating to this Special Issue “Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Immunity and Disease”, your valuable contribution will certainly enrich the content and discussion related to the thematic of MSCs.
Origanum majorana L. Essential Oil-Associated Polymeric Nano Dendrimer for Antifungal Activity against Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Thanh Vu Minh , Bui Le Minh , Bach Long Giang , Nguyen Ngoc Tung , Thi Hoa Le , Hoang Thi Thai Thanh
Published: May 2019

In this study, the introduction of Origanum majorana L. essential oil into a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G4.0 dendrimer was performed for creation of a potential nanocide against Phytophthora infestans. The characteristics of marjoram oil and PAMAM G4.0 was analyzed using transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The success of combining marjoram oil with PAMAM G4.0 was evaluated by FT-IR, TGA analysis, and the antifungal activity of this system was also investigated. The results showed that the antifungal activity of oil/PAMAM G4.0 was high and significantly higher than only PAMAM G4.0 or marjoram essential oil. These results indicated that the nanocide oil/PAMAM G4.0 helped strengthen and prolong the antifungal properties of the oil.
The Effect of Various Plasma Gases on the Shear Bond Strength between Unfilled Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Veneering Composite Following Artificial Aging
Authors: Younis Mohamed , Unkovskiy Alexey , ElAyouti Ashraf , Geis-Gerstorfer Jürgen , Spintzyk Sebastian
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the effect of different gaseous plasma surface treatments on the shear bond strength between unfilled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and veneering composite resin. The study followed ISO 10477 guidelines in preparing, bonding, and testing the samples. Specimens of unfilled PEEK were distributed to one of the following six surface treatment groups: reference, adhesive, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air plasmas. After milling, the specimens were wet polished using (P320) polishing discs. Bonding procedures were done according to the manufacturer’s instructions using (Opaquer + Dentine), except in the adhesive group (Visio.link + Opaquer + Dentine). Afterwards, thermal cycling for 5000 cycles between 5 and 55 °C in distilled water was conducted. Finally, the shear bond strengths of all groups were calculated, and mode of fracture was determined. Nitrogen surface treatment had the highest mean shear bond strength of 10.04 (±1.84) MPa, while the reference group showed the lowest value of 5.38 (±2.90) MPa. Regarding mode of fracture, all the specimens showed a 100% adhesive failure mode. Plasma surface treatment can be a reliable alternative method to the traditional protocol of bonding veneering composite resin to unfilled PEEK material.
Effect of Granite Residue Incorporation on the Behavior of Mortars
Authors: de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , Marvila Markssuel Teixeira , da Silva Barroso Laimara , Zanelato Euzébio Bernabé , Alexandre Jonas , de Castro Xavier Gustavo , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: May 2019

Civil construction is one of the most resource-consuming sectors in the world. For this reason, the last years have witnessed the study of reusing industrial residues in building materials. The ornamental stone processing industry has a considerable environmental liability related to residue generation during the cutting stages of granite blocks. The objective of this work is to analyze the viability of incorporating granite residues, up to 100%, to substitute sand in coating mortars for building construction. Mortars without residue, as control, and incorporated with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of granite residue were subjected to consistency tests, incorporated air and water retention together with the rheological characterization using the squeeze-flow and the dropping-ball methods. The results show that mortars with 40% granite residues presented greater plastic deformation, helping their applicability by also presenting improved technological properties in the fresh state.
Influence of Nanoclay Content on Cement Matrix for Oil Wells Subjected to Cyclic Steam Injection
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Ahmed Abdulmalek , Gajbhiye Rahul
Published: May 2019

High-temperature conditions drastically compromise the physical properties of cement, especially, its strengths. In this work, the influence of adding nanoclay (NC) particles to Saudi class G oil well cement (OWC) strength retrogression resistance under high-temperature condition (300 °C) is evaluated. Six cement slurries with different concentrations of silica flour (SF) and NC were prepared and tested under conditions of 38 °C and 300 °C for different time periods (7 and 28 days) of curing. The changes in the cement matrix compressive and tensile strengths, permeability, loss in the absorbed water, and the cement slurry rheology were evaluated as a function of NC content and temperature, the changes in the structure of the cement surfaces were investigated through the optical microscope. The results revealed that the use of NC (up to 3% by weight of cement (BWOC)) can prevent the OWC deterioration under extremely high-temperature conditions. Incorporating more than 3% of NC severely damaged the cement matrix microstructure due to the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Incorporation of NC particles increased all the cement slurry rheological properties.
Effect of Hot Deformation Process Parameters on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of 35CrMoV Steel
Authors: Yang Qiumei , Zhou Yajun , Li Zheng , Mao Daheng
Published: May 2019

Hot deformation experiments of as-cast 35CrMoV steel, with strain rates of 0.01 s−1 and 10 s−1, deformation temperatures of 850, 950, and 1050 °C, and an extreme deformation reaching 50%, were carried out using a Gleeble-3810 thermal simulator. Electrochemical corrosion experiments were conducted on the deformed specimens. The microstructure was observed by optical microscope (OM), and the corrosion morphology and corrosion products of the specimens were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results show that the grain size increased gradually with an increase in the deformation temperature at the same strain rate, whereas the corrosion resistance deteriorated. At the same deformation temperature, the grain size becomes smaller as the strain rate increases, which enhances the corrosion resistance. This is mainly attributed to the fine grains, which can form more grain boundaries, increase the grain boundary area, and accelerate the formation of the inner rust layer at the beginning of corrosion. Moreover, fine grains can also refine the rust particles and enhance the bonding strength between the inner rust layer and the matrix. The denseness and stability of the inner rust layer increases as the corrosion process progresses, thereby improving corrosion resistance.