bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Notions of Agreement, Collusion and Concerted Practice in Competition Act 2010
Authors: Fatima Sayyeda
Published: January 2024

Cooperative activities among undertakings have the potential to disrupt fair competition, making it essential to delineate which agreements, practices, or arrangements fall under the purview of competition laws. This article aims to evaluate the existing provisions governing agreements and practices within the framework of the Competition Act 2010 while drawing relevant comparisons with the provisions outlined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It endeavors to address specific questions and considerations. Firstly, it delves into the fundamental elements and definitions of agreements and practices as specified by the Competition Act 2010. It then explores whether these provisions in CA 2010 align with or deviate from the corresponding articles within the TFEU, shedding light on potential convergences or divergences. Furthermore, this article examines whether there are notable resemblances or disparities between CA 2010 and TFEU in their definitions of agreements and practices related to competition. It scrutinizes the implications, if any, that arise from these disparities or similarities between CA 2010 and TFEU for undertakings operating within their respective jurisdictions. Finally, it highlights specific cases or instances, if any, where the interpretation of agreements and practices under CA 2010 significantly diverges from TFEU, potentially leading to legal challenges or uncertainties. Through this comprehensive analysis, the article aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of competition laws in both Pakistan and the European Union contexts.
Dynamics of Regional Integration in Central Asia: A Case Study of Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Saqib Najam Us , Naazer Manzoor Ahmad
Published: January 2024

In today’s globalized world, it has become a necessary norm to be part of a regional integration process for neighbouring countries in any region of the world. Central Asia is a good example to understand with its rich past and unexplored perspective. This phenomenon can be better understood by examining the quest of Central Asian republics (CARs) for regional integration and the role of BRI in this process. ‎For that, this paper explores the historical dynamics and drivers of regional integration in Central Asia with a special focus on the role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which aims to improve regional infrastructure, commerce, and investment, has the potential to redefine the direction of regional integration in Central Asia in the face of shifting global power dynamics. Furthermore, Liberal Intergovernmental theory helps explain the Central Asian   Republics’ core actions and the impact of their domestic policies providing a details view of what drives regional integration in Central Asia. The study explores the historical dynamics and drivers of regional integration in Central Asia, focusing on the role of the BRI in reshaping these dynamics at domestic and external levels, using qualitative and thematic analysis of secondary sources.
Proceso pedagógico de investigación acción para la educación superior en carreras técnicas y tecnológicas: estudio de caso
Authors: Cabascango Camuendo Christian , Berrios Rivas Ana Teresa
Published: January 2024

La presente investigación tiene como propósito desarrollar un proceso pedagógico que combina la metodología de investigación acción con la metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos aplicados a la educación superior en carreras técnicas y tecnológicas, para ello se realizó un proyecto de construcción de la estructura de un gokart, utilizando equipos especializados, la metodología utilizada para el análisis de los datos es de carácter cualitativo, ya que se enfoca en medir la percepción que tienen los estudiantes en cada fase del proyecto, para la medición de las percepciones se utilizó el programa NVIVO, con el cual, luego de realizar la recolección de los datos se definieron los nodos en cada fase del proyecto, dando como resultado que el porcentaje más alto de complicaciones se presentó en la fase 3 que es la fase de construcción del gokart, además presentaron un 73,53% de dificultad en el proceso de escaneado de la geometría del artefacto, de la misma manera se presentó un 85% de estudiantes que prefieren realizar las consultas sobre los temas teóricos en libros, en lugar de tutoriales, con lo cual podemos concluir que el IAP y el ABP, son metodologías por su carácter flexible, permiten que los estudiantes puedan interactuar entre ellos y puedan resolver los problemas que se les presenta de una manera colaborativa.
Maleta de emergencias para la atención prehospitalaria del paciente pediátrico con el uso de distractores
Authors: Valencia Berrezueta Angela Gabriela , Coellar Cando Viviana Graciela , Vivanco Toledo Johanna Alexandra
Published: January 2024

La maleta de atención prehospitalaria pediátrica es una herramienta esencial en la atención de emergencias médicas en niños. Este recurso está especialmente diseñado para contener todos los elementos necesarios para estabilizar y tratar a los niños en situaciones de urgencia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la incorporación de la maleta de emergencia para la atención prehospitalaria (APH) del paciente pediátrico con el uso de distractores para disminuir la ansiedad. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, se trabajó con un total de 19 bomberos que brindan el servicio de APH, los resultados se evidencian en tablas de frecuencia y porcentaje. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la incorporación de un maletín de atención pediátrica genera beneficios en la atención de este paciente, logrando disminuir la ansiedad del mismos en un 89,5% de las veces con la implementación de distractores en el mismo, así como facilita el trabajo del personal de APH, el personal encuestado manifiesta en un 73,7% que el maletín actual si cuenta con lo necesario para realizar atención del paciente pediátrico crítico, sin embargo el 84,2% afirmo estar de acuerdo con la implementación de un maletín exclusivo para atención de estos pacientes.
La Calidad educativa y su relación con la gestión pedagógica, la innovación y los ambientes de aprendizaje
Authors: Fonseca Montoya Somaris , Lolín Cabrera Sugey , Ruano Fernández Yaima
Published: January 2024

La calidad de la educación es un tema que ha cobrado mucha relevancia en los últimos tiempos; ha sido tanto así, que en muchos países se ha definido como política de estado; lo que ha llevado a los sistemas educativos a redefinir conceptos y modelos, rediseñar procesos, y procedimientos y establecer nuevos indicadores de evaluación; acorde con las nuevas tendencias que impone el desarrollo social, científico y tecnológico, alcanzado por la humanidad. Sin embargo, la calidad educativa para muchos sigue siendo un tema polémico y complejo, porque está determinado conceptualmente por el momento histórico concreto que vive la sociedad, y por otro lado, está el criterio de que la calidad de la educación no puede ser evaluada por medio de una serie de estándares y criterios como un simple producto o servicio.  En esta investigación se abordaron los elementos que sostienen las tendencias de la calidad en la educación, desde la gestión pedagógica; y fue resultado del proyecto de investigación desarrollado por estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de Educación Básica del Instituto Superior Universitario Espíritu Santos de la ciudad de Guayaquil, que tiene como objeto de estudio precisamente la calidad del proceso educativo, a través de la gestión pedagógica, la innovación educativa y los ambientes de aprendizaje. En el estudio se siguió una metodología cualitativa y se desarrolla a través de una investigación de revisión bibliográfica de tipo descriptiva. Con el objetivo de recopilar información relevante sobre la calidad educativa, la gestión pedagógica, la innovación educativa y los ambientes de aprendizaje, y el engranaje que existe entre estos términos, a través de una búsqueda cuidadosa de la literatura, para asumir una posición crítica y reflexiva al respecto.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS IN THE XVI-XVIII CENTURIES
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Orehowskyi Wadym
Published: January 2024

The article describes the main directions of economic development of the Netherlands in the XVI-XVIII centuries. The author draws attention to the peculiarities of the geographical location of the country (much of the territory was below sea level), which largely determined the nature of agricultural development. Talking about the level of manufacturing, the author notes that his most developed industries were the textile industry and shipbuilding. Shipbuilding cost the Dutch several times cheaper than residents of other European countries due to the use of modern technology. At the same time, it is noted that agriculture and industry did not provide the main income to the people of the country. The Netherlands owed its economic power to an active trade policy. The local government strongly defended the principle of free trade. Trade relations with Western Europe played a significant role. The Dutch are actively penetrating the territory of the Moscow Empire. In the XVI century. formed three districts in Russia, through which trade with the Netherlands. The dominant place was occupied by the Baltic region; the second place belonged to the Murmansk district and the third place - the mouth of the Northern Dvina, where the main role was played by the port city of Arkhangelsk. The second part of the article covers the colonial policy of the Netherlands. The author notes that as a result of the conquest of new lands, the Dutch became trade intermediaries not only between China and Japan, but also between China, the Moluccas and the islands of Indonesia, on the one hand, and Persia, Arabia and East Africa, on the other. The whole East became their tribute. The second part of the article covers the colonial policy of the Netherlands. The author notes that as a result of the conquest of new lands, the Dutch became trade intermediaries not only between China and Japan, but also between China, the Moluccas and the islands of Indonesia, on the one hand, and Persia, Arabia and East Africa, on the other. The whole East became their tribute. Colonial trade gave impetus to the development of powerful trade associations. An example of this is the Dutch East India Company, which became the first corporation in history to be financed by issuing shares. As a result, the author emphasizes that trade, which was the main "breadwinner" of the Netherlands in the XVII century. became one of the reasons for the decline of local industry and the country's loss of economic leadership. Instead of investing in the development of domestic manufacturing, colossal capital was invested in trade and usury. All this, of course, had a negative impact on the development of the Dutch economy.
INVESTMENT PECULARITIES UNDER THE TERMS OF PANDEMIC
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Vdovichen Anatoliy , Vdovichenа Olga , Bodnarash Iustyna ,   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi,   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi
Published: January 2024

The epidemic of COVID-19 has affected the economic situation in Ukraine, which has also affected the business activity of international investors, creating an opportunity to apply to international arbitration for compensation. It is important to consolidate all forces during the pandemic, resources from the state and from citizens, entrepreneurs, investors, aimed at quickly overcoming the viral and financial crisis, this is what determines the relevance of this study. Peculiarities of investing in a pandemic are defined in the article, it is realized by analyzing the state of the investment climate, identifying features and trends of investment activity in Ukraine. Determining the directions of increasing the investment attractiveness of the country, identifying ways to intensify the attraction of foreign investment required this. ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY Issue IV (80), 2020 23 Thanks to the study of the dynamics and structure of foreign direct investment inflows to Ukraine and capital investments, it was established that the main reasons for the decline in investment inflows are the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, there is a need to introduce measures that would minimize the risks of spreading the virus with less economic losses. If government restrictions are not justified, proportionate to the stated goal, or if they are imposed on discriminatory grounds in the absence of transparent communication, it will be difficult for the Ukrainian state to avoid lawsuits from foreign investors. As a result of the formation of effective quarantine measures and their rational implementation, in our opinion, there will be an increase in foreign investment. World experts are working on an alternative to quarantine restrictions that would minimize the risk of spreading the virus with less economic loss. Therefore, the Ukrainian government will be able to use the proposed restrictions and implement them rationally, which will significantly improve the investment climate and reduce the number of lawsuits by foreign investors. Further research is needed to overcome the contradictions between quarantine restrictions and the economic activity of economic entities. Resolving conflicts of the tax burden, making constant payments and shortfall in a pandemic.
SOCIAL TOURISM AS A COMPONENT OF TOURIST ACTIVITY
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Dolha Halyna
Published: January 2024

The essence, functions and social components of tourism are defined in the article. The strategic goals of the state social policy, which can be solved by social tourism, are determined . ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY Issue IV (80), 2020 35 The analysis of foreign experience taking into account social tourism in the formation of social policy, determining the degree of readiness of Ukraine to introduce social tourism is carried out. The relevance of this article is that recreation and leisure are important factors in the lives of most people, but may be inaccessible and limited to certain categories of people. Therefore, in our opinion, the decision on the issue of inaccessibility and organization of recreation should be partially taken over by the state. This is due to one of its most important functions, namely social, where the center of security is the person, his life and health. Since most of the functions of the state can be realized through politics, we believe that social tourism can become one of the effective elements of social policy. For tourism to become social, it must be accessible to society and create the opportunity to restore human resources for different categories of people, especially those with disabilities. The article is to reveal the essence of social tourism, to identify the main social components that can become an element of social policy of the state. The proposed results indicate that social tourism can be included in the list of social services, and foreign experience in the use of holiday checks can be used by private enterprises to restore the workforce and improve the health of the team. Prospects for further research requires issues of financial and economic nature, filling the state budget for the allocation of subsidies for the development of social tourism and creating conditions for its accessibility for the poor
FORMATION OF ENERGY SERVICES MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Putsenteilo Petro , Liahovych Halyna ,   Ivano-Frankivsk Educational and Scientific Institute of Management WUNU
Published: January 2024

Improving the energy efficiency of the residential sector is associated with energy saving, which is impossible without the introduction of their energy modernization, taking into account the latest technologies aimed at improving the efficiency of energy resources in order to save money on their payment. All this is possible due to the operation of energy service companies, which are actively implementing energy modernization of residential buildings to ensure rational energy conservation. The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the formation of energy services market in Ukraine, to identify their impact on improving the energy efficiency of the residential sector and to develop a set of measures aimed at their development and implementation. The interpretation of terminological units referring to energy efficiency measures is considered and carried out: "energy service activity", "energy service market", "energy service company", "energy service contract". The understanding of energy saving as an activity that is to ensure reliable and uninterrupted operation of the energy system, in the implementation of a set of energy-saving measures aimed at improving energy efficiency. ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY Issue IV (80), 2020 85 The authors highlighted the relationship between energy service as a special form of energy saving, in which the costs of measures are borne by the energy service company and the energy service contract, which regulates the list of implemented energy-saving measures, the payback period of the project, the amount of energy savings resources and income sharing from energy savings between service company and customers.
CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND WAYS TO MINIMIZE THEM
Authors:   National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Faizov Anatolii
Published: January 2024

The article describes current aspects of the functioning of national public procurement system after the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union and the introduction of new tender legislation. It is identified and desribed the impact of public procurement on socio-economic processes in the country through the implementation of their special functions. The negative effect of corruption in tender processes, which lead to financial, quantitative, qualitative and political losses for the country, is generalized. The problem of further existence of corruption in the field of public procurement is highlighted and its current level after the introduction of new approaches and tools is assessed. The main types of corruption offenses in the tender area, which are associated with the receipt of illegal benefits, bribery, using of financial resources intended for public procurement for personal gain or enrichment are identified. Based on the assessment of functional component of public procurement and analysis of the organizational mechanism of their conduct, identified corruption risks that arise at the stage of preparation of tenders, qualifications of their participants, execution of the order; singled out and detailed іndicators of corruption risks. They are determined by motivated lobbying to intensify of using of public procurement in a certain economic activity, manipulation of procurement volumes and necessary financial resources, secret agreements, using hidden elements of discrimination, unreasonable preferences for individual participants, and unsystematic selection of the tender winner. The ways of minimizing corruption risks, which provide a combination of psychological, technical, regulatory and repressive methods are generalized. Potential of novelties of modern tender legislation from the position of counteraction to corruption manifestations and strengthening of influence of regulatory and repressive means of their minimization is estimated. The need to further intensify the activities of regulatory and law enforcement agencies as institutions that are formed to implement the repressive component of combating corruption in the field of public procurement is identified.
GROUPING COSTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LOYALTY PROGRAM
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Chaplinskyі Yurii , Niculcha Valentyn ,   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE,Chernivtsi
Published: January 2024

In the process of marketing activities of the enterprise there are questions of expediency of development and implementation in their practical activity of loyalty programs which are an effective tool of communication influence on the consumer and in the long run lead to growth of indicators of efficiency of enterprise activity. Loyalty programs are aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise, building a strategy of long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with actual and potential consumers of goods because of their attraction, retention and multiplication. An important issue in terms of assessing the effectiveness of the loyalty program is the formation of its financial concept, which is to forecast and assess the future costs of implementing a loyalty program and opportunities to cover them. That is why the issues of systematization of the costs of the loyalty program become relevant, taking into account all the planned activities and the marketing tools necessary for their promotion. The purpose of the article is to systematize individual items of expenditure for the development and implementation of a loyalty program in accordance with its key components. The article systematizes the main costs for the development and implementation of a loyalty program in the marketing activities of the enterprise. It is determined that the costs should be grouped into five main groups: the cost of forming a customer database; costs for a set of communications with customers; the cost of financing the tangible and intangible benefits of loyalty programs; the cost of operating the analytical core of the loyalty program; costs associated with staffing the management of the loyalty program. In each of the identified groups, specific cost items for the development and implementation of a loyalty program are identified. The introduction of the proposed systematization of the costs of the loyalty program will optimize them and maximize their effectiveness, which in the future will bring to a new level of quality management of marketing activities in general, and marketing communications in particular.
FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION PROCESS MANAGEMENT AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Shuprudko Natalia
Published: January 2024

In the era of global informatization, the development of the technological process, information has become an important element for the enterprise. It is a special and most important aspect of the organization of the management system, which is a set of quantified data on the actual and desired state of systems and subsystems of the enterprise. Therefore, the study of the essence, characteristics, analysis of the current state of information support, the formation of proposals for effective management of information processes in enterprises of various industries is a topical issue today. The article studies the approaches and highlights the essence and characteristics of information support. Analysis of tendencies of modern development of information support of activity of the enterprises of Ukraine. Therefore, to improve the distribution of information, Ukrainian enterprises need to increase the volume and improve the quality of information resources; improvement of technical means of processing, accumulation and transmission of information used by enterprises, development of management strategy (long-term goals and objectives), regulation of the ratio of "necessary and sufficient". Therefore, information support should be formed and improved taking into account the implementation of a number of requirements, namely compliance with such principles as ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES Issue IV (80), 2020 165 analytical, objectivity, efficiency, rationality, usefulness, which is a necessary condition for obtaining a reliable assessment of business analysis. In modern conditions, great importance must be attached to the expansion and openness, accessibility and publicity of information. This will help ensure the completeness and accuracy of data accounting; achieving an inseparable link between operational, statistical and accounting; minimization of information noise; ensuring an inextricable link between comprehensive primary accounting and decision-making at all levels of the management hierarchy; rationalization of the system of evaluation indicators; simplification of mass data processing. Offered areas of effective management of information activities can be used by unions, businesses in order to improve the management of information processes in enterprises. Adaptation of the proposed proposals to the needs of enterprises of different activities, taking into account the specifics and needs, forms of ownership, state of development requires further research.
ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION OF PROFESSIONAL ECONOMIC TEXTS
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Hnatyshena Iryna , Khariuk Inna ,   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE,Chernivtsi
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to analyze semantic level of German language economic texts. The topicality of the study is due to the need for linguistic research of complex specialized economic texts. The novelty is covered in the study of hidden aspects of discourses, functionally conditioned coherence and typical macrostructures of German professional texts. That makes the special text be considered as a structured and functional whole. It is used both general scientific methods of analysis and linguistic one (structural, descriptive, method of component analysis) in the article. Conclusion. Due to the concept of a text template, the proposed method of analysis helps to prepare a professional text for translation: processing references to text in information discourses makes it possible to use an appropriate conceptual model to highlight text-specific conditions, actions and processes.
PECULIARITIES OF INNOVATIVE FOOD PRODUCTS SALE
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Bozulenko Olena
Published: January 2024

The article studies peculiarities of innovative food products sale. It is estimated that every year tens of thousands of new consumer goods are introduced into production in the world. However, the current over-competitive market leaves only a small share of these products. The emergence of a new product is often associated with innovation. It is noted that any innovative product must be critically analyzed, because not every new change leads to development. The economic essence of an innovative product and an innovative food product in particular is revealed. It defines product as such which was developed with the help of technological innovations application, which is characterized by the presence of new, different from the traditional consumer properties of food, when the degree of those properties expression is characterized by radical novelty, improvement, modification. It is manifested in the change of qualitative features of food, production technology, recipe composition, functional purpose, and packaging. Peculiarities of marketing the innovation in the innovative goods market and possible problems that may arise when selling an innovative product are identified. It is noted that the innovative product promotion is made up of a set of measures aimed at stimulating consumer demand and maintaining a favorable attitude to the company, providing information about the innovation benefits to potential consumers and stimulating their desire to acquire innovation through information products, promotions, and sales promotion tools. It is proved that the peculiarities of innovative food products sale are associated with the consumer demand activation and maintaining a favorable attitude towards the enterprise. Meanwhile promotion allows solving the following tasks: informing consumers about the ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES Issue II (82), 2021 29 innovative product and its properties; forming the innovative food product image; changing stereotypes of product perception; stimulating participants in the sales system. It is proposed to consider the organization of innovative food products selling process as a combination of elements of the enterprise sales, pricing and communication policies.
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE ACCOUNTANTS
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE, Chernivtsi, Stupak Maryna
Published: January 2024

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is one of the basic subjects having a great potential for developing students’ foreign language professional competence. The present-day labor market suffers from an acute shortage of highly qualified specialists, who are able to operate in terms of integration and globalization processes as well as to implement international performance standards and latest technologies in order to successfully solve various professional problems under market economy conditions, having a high level of English language proficiency being the major requirement. In this respect, well-trained accountants are in great demand since accounting in Ukraine is going through the stage of reorientation and adaptation to International Financial Reporting Standards. Consequently, ESP is essential in professional training of future accountants since they must possess foreign language professional competence to be able to operate within International Accounting Standards. The main purpose of the article is to study the theoretical framework for defining the notion ‘foreign language professional competence’ for specialists majoring in accounting and taxation, and to substantiate how it can be achieved in practice by using appropriate teaching materials in ESP. In the course of research we used the following general scientific theoretical methods: systems analysis – to clarify the main categories of research; analysis and synthesis – to present separate assignments and to combine them according to the competencies they should develop; induction and deduction – to give the general definition to the notion ‘foreign language professional competence’ and to determine its meaning with regard to future accountants; abstract-logical method – to implement theoretical generalizations and conclusions as for the content of ESP for professional training of future accountants; graphical method – to visually present the correlation between general and special competencies, and the assignments for their development. The conducted research shows that the assignments elaborated by the author are characterized by the following: they are based on learners’ needs; they are related to the PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION AND METHODS OF TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION Issue II (82), 2021 177 subject area; they consider the collaborative work between teachers and students; they provide for students’ individual work; they reflect real life situations connected with professional activities. The proposed assignments in ESP aim at developing future accountants’ general and special competencies as well as at acquiring their foreign language professional competence. All these qualities will allow such specialists to be competitive in the modern labor market. Further research will be appropriate to investigate the issues referring to results of ESP study and efficient teaching methods to be used for professional training of future accountants.
Crocin Protects Against Atrazine-induced Toxicity in Primary Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Eghbal Mohammad Ali , Mahmoodpoor Fariba , Ahmadian Elham , Aghdasi Sara
Published: January 2024

Background: Atrazine is a typical herbicide that has domestic and agricultural uses all over the world. A review of the literature, however, revealed evidence of its destructive effects on many human tissues and signaling networks. As such, this study explored the impact of crocin, a natural pigment, on reducing the liver damage caused by atrazine in primary rat hepatocytes. Methods: As biochemical cytotoxicity indicators, cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed. Results: In the first step, LD50 concentration of atrazine was evaluated using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test in rat hepatocytes. The findings indicated that cellular function declines at LC50 concentration (400 M). On the contrary, crocin (50 µM) substantially boosted hepatocyte viability, decreased ROS production and LPO, replenished cellular GSH pools, and improved mitochondrial function. Conclusion: Overall, the data suggest that crocin may play a protective function in atrazine-induced liver injury in which the main mechanisms of toxicity appear to be the generation of ROS and mitochondrial damage.
Efficacy and Safety of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) in Achalasia: An Updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Khaiser Afshin , Baig Muhammad , Forcione David , Bechtold Matthew , Puli Srinivas R.
Published: January 2024

Background: Heller myotomy has been considered the standard surgical treatment for patients with achalasia. Since the initiation of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), it has represented an alternative for treating patients with achalasia. Over the years, numerous prospective and retrospective studies with POEM use for achalasia have been published. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of POEM in patients with achalasia. Methods: Publications investigating the safety and efficacy of POEM in patients with achalasia were searched in Medline, Ovid Journals, Medline non-indexed citations, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews. Pooling was conducted by both fixed and random effects models. Results: The initial search identified 328 reference articles; of these, 34 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Data was extracted from 20 studies (n=1753) which met the inclusion criteria. In pooled analysis, the clinical success of POEM at 3 months was 94% (95% CI=93–95). The pooled clinical success of POEM at 12 months was 91% (95% CI=90–92). The pooled rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was 21% (95% CI=19–23), esophagitis was reported in 16% (95% CI=15–18), pneumomediastinum in 4% (95% CI=3–6), cervical emphysema in 12% (95% CI=10–13), pneumoperitoneum in 8% (95% CI=7–10), pneumothorax in 5% (95% CI=4 – 6), pleural effusion in 3% (95% CI=2–3), post-operative bleeding in 4.29% (95% CI=1.91 –7.61) and aspiration pneumonia in 3.08% (95% CI=1.13–5.97) of the patients after POEM. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that POEM is a highly effective and safe endoscopic treatment for patients with achalasia and a reasonable alternative to Heller myotomy.
Predictors of Pathological Gastroesophageal Reflux among Emirati Patients with Reflux Symptoms Who Undergo Wireless pH Monitoring
Authors: Shehata Mostafa Ahmed , Malik Talaha Aziz , Alzaabi Mona Hassan Jasem , Ali Ameirah Bader Abdullah Al , Tenaiji Khalifa Saleh Ahmed Al , Singh Yashbir , Wallace Michael Bradley
Published: January 2024

Background: Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) relies on recognizing symptoms of reflux and mucosal changes during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The desired response to acid suppression therapy is reliable resolution of GERD symptoms; however, these are not always reliable, hence the need for pH testing in unclear cases. Our objective was to identify potential predictors of a high DeMeester score among patients with potential GERD symptoms to identify patients most likely to have pathological GERD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study on patients who underwent wireless pH monitoring from January 2020 to April 2022. Cases were patients with a high DeMeester score (more than 14.7), indicating pathological reflux, and controls were those without. We collected clinical and demographic data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, and presence of atypical symptoms. Results: 86 patients were enrolled in the study. 46 patients with high DeMeester scores were considered cases, and 40 patients with DeMeester scores less than 14.7 were considered controls. Esophagitis (grade A) was found in 41.1% of the cases and in 22.5% of the control group. In our study, age of more than 50 years compared with age of 20-29 years and being overweight appeared to be predictors of true pathological reflux among patients with reflux symptoms who underwent wireless pH monitoring. Conclusion: Age above 50 years compared with age between 20-29 years and being overweight appeared to be predictors of true pathological reflux among patients with reflux symptoms who underwent wireless oesophageal pH monitoring. The presence of oesophagitis was approximately four times more likely to be associated with true pathological reflux.
Do Serological Tests Eliminate the Need for Endoscopic Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Symptomatic Patients with Celiac Disease? A Retrospective Study with Review of Literature
Authors: Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Soleimani Neda , Torabi Dashtaki Ehsan , Honar Naser , Zahmatkeshan Mozhgan , Mohammadzadeh Sahand
Published: January 2024

Background: Celiac disease is one of the most common genetic allergies worldwide. The prevalence of celiac disease in Iran is similar to or even higher than the global prevalence. Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small intestine. Affected patients are allergic to gluten protein that exists in some grains, such as wheat and barley. Methods: Serological endomysial IgA antibody (EMA-AB) and tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (TTG-IgA) tests were performed on 114 patients aged the ages of 0–18 years with histopathological findings of celiac disease. The results of these tests were compared to the results of the histopathological study of the duodenal biopsy. Results: Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a calculation of the TTG-IgA test’s sensitivity and specificity, the best diagnostic limit for the TTG-IgA test is 144, which has the best sensitivity and specificity. At this value (cut-off), the test’s sensitivity was 62%, and the specificity was 93.7%. For the endomysial test, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 80%, 93%, 90%, and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of the endomysial test is better than that of the TTG-IgA test in general for diagnosing patients with celiac disease. In the TTG-IgA test, false-positive cases are high due to a cut-off of 20, reducing the test’s specificity. In these false-positive cases, the endomysial test helps in better diagnosis.
A Rare Case of Cystic Artery Pseudoaneurysm because of Cholecystitis Managed with Non-invasive Technique
Authors: Shrivastava Amit , Jindal Gunjan , Khan Lukman , Chaube Rohan
Published: January 2024

Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm due to acute on chronic cholecystitis is very rare in spite of the high incidence of cholecystitis, and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Most of the pseudoaneurysms are symptomatic at the time of diagnosis due to rupture. Very few cases of unruptured cystic artery pseudoaneurysm caused by cholecystitis have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 41-year-old man who presented in the Intervention Radiology Department with the diagnosis of cholecystitis and cystic artery pseudoaneurysm. Three treatment options are available for such cases. The first approach is surgical clipping of the pseudoaneurysm and cholecystectomy. The second approach is endovascular management of pseudoaneurysm and cholecystectomy. We chose the third approach, endovascular management of the pseudoaneurysm, percutaneous cholecystostomy, and elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Caroli’s Disease Associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease with Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Rathi Karishma M , Pingat Priyanka , Bansode Prachi , Dongare Shaili
Published: January 2024

A rare congenital hepatobiliary disorder called Caroli’s disease is characterized by multifocal segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts that can affect the entire liver or only specific areas of it. Coexisting conditions with Caroli’s disease include autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). ADPKD results in the development of cysts, which are tiny fluid-filled sacs, in the kidneys. Caroli’s disease is considered a rare disorder, affecting a small number of individuals worldwide. The symptoms of Caroli’s disease can vary from person to person and it also may overlap with other liver and biliary disorders. As a result, it may be challenging to diagnose and manage the condition due to limited awareness and expertise. Increased awareness, research, and specialized medical care are crucial in improving outcomes for individuals affected by this rare disorder. This study involves the case of a 60- year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, and jaundice. Her imaging test endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) signifies Caroli’s disease with pancreatic duct (PD) calculi and management involves supportive care with antibiotics. Antibiotics were prescribed to prevent or treat infections such as cholangitis and nutritional supplement was recommended in managing Caroli’s disease. The patient underwent pancreatic stent placement and was discharged with regular follow-up. So, this case highlights the clinical and diagnostic aspects to improve disease understanding and the progression of Caroli’s illness along with ADPKD.
Peran Harapan sebagai Mediator Antara Partisipasi dalam Mengambil Keputusan dan Kepuasan Kerja pada Karyawan
Authors: Alissa Shavira , Martina Dwi Mustika
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 caused economic deflation in Indonesia because of the limitation of physical interaction between humans, so that the organization could not operate optimally. In this case, companies in Indonesia have to prepare strategies aimed at restoring the economy, one of which is by maximizing the potential of employees in achieving organizational goals. Employees in a company have a crucial role, so it is necessary to optimize employees to achieve organizational success. Maintaining job satisfaction is the best way to optimize potential employees. Employee job satisfaction is predicted by the participation in decision making, including with the hope. This study aims to determine the role of mediation between variables. The participants amounted to 447 represented by approximately 100 employees from four industrial sectors (modern retail, automotive, life insurance, and property). The study was conducted with a quantitative approach using the Employee PDM, Hope, and Job Satisfaction measurements. The results show that participation in decision making to job satisfaction mediated by hope through mediation tests (p <0.005). To increase job satisfaction, employees need to increase their involvement in organizational decision making which also increases their expectations. This study proves that the level of participation can have a positive impact on the organization, which has an impact on job satisfaction in the form of more effective performance. In addition, this also affects the employee's encouragement to complete his work. Furthermore, hope can have a significant indirect effect in the relationship between participation in making decisions and job satisfaction.
The use of hydrogen on board ships
Authors: Maimon Aurel Dan
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen, the carbon-free energy of tomorrow, is being explored as a potential fuel for ship propulsion. It is considered a clean and sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels, as it produces zero emissions when used in fuel cells or burned in engines. Hydrogenpowered ships have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to decarbonizing the maritime industry. However, it is important to note that the adoption of hydrogen as a mainstream fuel for ships is still in the early stages, and there are various technical and infrastructure challenges that need to be addressed for its widespread implementation.
Analysis of stress and deformations in the transverse walls of a 50100 tdw tanker
Authors: Ilie Nicușor Dănuț , Cristea Anișoara Gabriela
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the stress and strain analysis study in the transverse walls of a 50100 tdw tanker is to assess the structural integrity of the vessel and identify potential problems or vulnerabilities as well as methods to improve the strength of the structure.
Comparative analysis of the maneuverability performance of a chemical tanker with the power of the propulsion installation PB=6480kw
Authors: Epure Aura , Bosoancă Radu
Published: January 2024

This article investigates ship maneuverability by conducting and comparing calculations using two distinct computational platforms. The results obtained from these calculations are subsequently compared with real data from the sea trials. A detailed analysis of the discrepancies between theoretical and empirical results provides insights regarding the reliability and precision of each computational platform in assessing ship maneuverability in the naval domain. This research contributes to improving methods for evaluating ship performance and validating computational platforms used in the industry.
Design of a submarine main ballast blowing systems
Authors: Ivanov Emilian Octavian , Ungureanu Costel
Published: January 2024

A submarine ballast system represents a combination of dedicated equipment and piping in which the main circulating fluid is either sea water straight from the submarine exterior or air which is compressed at high pressures and then it is stored in pressure vessels onboard. These fluids are, then, introduced in or extracted from various tanks located strategically onboard the submerged vehicle. Because water cannot be compressed and because of it’s density, it will require large amounts of energy and pumps to be able to move all the water within the system in a short period of time that is required for surfacing a submerged vehicle. Therefore, compressed air is favoured for the main deballasting because of the air’s capability of being stored at high pressures and displacing water in a fast manner once it is fed into the ballast tanks, thanks to it’s ability to expand as the submarine emerges and the surrounding water pressure drops. In addition, the compressed air systems must operate for at least a normal surfacing from periscopie depth, but also for surfacing from the maximum depth in the case of an emergency. From an engineering standpoint, ballast tank blowing systems are complex, but nevertheless are vital, for allowing the maneuvering of the submarine and it’s bouyancy within the water it navigates, regardless if it’s in a surfaced or submerged condition and must be done in the smoothest and with as little noise as possible. The requirements of designing and calculation of such systems are covered by the Class and Administration rules and regulations.
Design of a submarine main ballast tank flood and vent openings mechanisms
Authors: Ivanov Emilian Octavian , Ungureanu Costel
Published: January 2024

Besides the piping systems used for blowing the main ballast tanks of a submarine by feeding compressed air, a great importance must be given to the flood and vent openings and the mechanisms that operate the covers. From an engineering standpoint, the flood openings must be as small as possible to minimize the noise generated by the water flow.Their number and cumulated area must be determied as to avoid over pressure when feeding compressed air into the ballast tanks that may lead to structural damage. The requirements for designing of such systems are covered by the Class and Administration rules and regulations.