bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coopérative agricole : un intermédiaire possible de projets de développement territorial ?
Authors: Milou Catherine , Del Corso Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2024

L’étude porte sur le cas d’une transition agroécologique axée sur le développement de légumes secs et pilotée par une coopérative agricole. Ce cas sert à examiner dans quelle mesure une telle organisation économique a le pouvoir d’assurer une fonction d’intermédiation entre les acteurs locaux pour activer une ressource territoriale. L’étude s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès d’acteurs jugés clés dans ce projet. Une analyse lexicométrique révèle les attentes et les conceptions plurielles des acteurs en présence vis-à-vis de la transition agroécologique initiée. Celles-ci varient selon le statut occupé (agriculteurs et techniciens en conventionnels ou en bio, élus locaux) et les caractéristiques du lieu des activités quotidiennes (territoire de vie). L’analyse met en évidence que ces variables déterminent plusieurs fonctions d’intermédiation assurées par la coopérative via ses techniciens. Il est alors examiné comment l’exercice de chacune de ces fonctions concourt à la réussite du projet territorial.
Hanna contre Goliath
Authors: Lindner Kolja
Published: May 2024

Cette publication s’inscrit dans la rubrique « En lutte », consacrée aux mutations de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur. Elle n’est pas soumise à la procédure habituelle d’évaluation des articles de la revue. Le système allemand d’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche se caractérise par une importante instabilité de l’emploi de son personnel académique. Sur le fond d’une actuelle controverse et mobilisation autour d’une loi encadrant l’emploi scientifique précaire ( Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetz ), cet article revient sur les différentes propositions de réforme actuellement discutées outre-Rhin. De plus, l’analyse présente les grandes lignes de la politique allemande d’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche des dernières décennies : une précarisation délibérée, une augmentation des financements à durée déterminée et une institutionnalisation de l’idéologie de « l’excellence ». En guise de conclusion, quelques pistes pour comprendre la mobilisation actuelle et les défis auxquels elle fait face sont présentées.
Predictors and Prevalence of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-use Among Filipino Adolescents: Evidence From a School-based Student Health Survey
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo , Ogaya Jerico B. , Cañezo Victor C. , Niez Roland A. , Delos Santos Florante E. , Magramo Melchor M. , Yap-Tan Ann Rosanie , Sy Francis Ann R. , Kasimieh Omar
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study explored the prevalence and predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents, using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS).Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the GSHS, targeting adolescents aged 13-17 years and excluding cases with incomplete data on alcohol and cannabis use. Our analysis employed the bivariate chi-square test of independence and multivariable logistic regression using Stata version 18 to identify significant predictors of co-use, with a p-value threshold set at 0.05.Results: The weighted prevalence of co-users was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.3). Significant predictors included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.50; 95% CI, 3.31 to 6.10; p<0.001) and being in a lower academic year, specifically grade 7 (aOR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.39 to 6.99; p<0.001) and grade 8 (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.72; p=0.003). Poor sleep quality was also a significant predictor (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.44; p<0.001), as was a history of attempted suicide (aOR, 5.31; 95% CI, 4.00 to 7.06; p<0.001). Physical inactivity was associated with lower odds of co-use (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.62; p<0.001). Additionally, non-attendance of physical education classes (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.05; p=0.021), infrequent unapproved parental checks (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.80; p=0.024), and lower parental awareness of free-time activities (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.87; p=0.005) were associated with higher odds of co-use. Factors not significantly linked to co-use included age group, being in grade 9, always feeling lonely, having no close friends, being bullied outside school, and whether a parent or guardian understood the adolescent’s worries.Conclusions: The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive interventions in the Philippines, addressing not only physical inactivity and parental monitoring but also focusing on sex, academic grade, participation in physical education classes, sleep quality, and suicide attempt history, to effectively reduce alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents.
Quo Vadis, Paleontology?
Authors: Erwin Douglas
Published: May 2024

Studies of the history of life provide an interesting case study of how the questions scientists can ask, and from which they expect reliable answers, change over time. Some of these changes reflect the introduction of new technology or methodological advances in other fields that open new opportunities; other changes reflect an evolving perspective on what constitutes important research questions or the integration of multiple streams of information. In this contribution, I consider the changing nature of questions in paleontology, largely focusing on English-speaking paleontologists since the mid-twentieth century. Rather than bemoaning the field’s limitations, paleontologists have pioneered techniques to identify and often correct preservation and collecting biases in the fossil record. Rigorous methods to infer and test phylogenies have been integrated with molecular clock studies to infer branch-points in phylogeny, and with insights from comparative developmental studies, which together inform our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, particularly novelty. Together, these advances have changed the questions paleontologists can address about the history of life, eliminating some questions (particularly in paleoecology), but greatly expanding research programs in other areas as well as collaborations with biologists and other Earth scientists. I suggest that the questions driving paleontologists have evolved from primarily descriptive and explanatory to increasingly analytical and integrative. These trends are briefly illustrated with examples from studies of the Ediacaran-Cambrian diversification of animals, and from studies of mass extinctions.
Embracing Flexibility and Efficiency
Authors: Gupta Subir , Sarkar Dipika , Roy Dipankar , Kundu Sukanta , Dutta Pushan K.
Published: May 2024

Agile project management is a pivotal approach in the dynamic realm of project execution, offering flexibility, responsiveness, and a focus on value delivery. This chapter delves into the practical aspects of Agile methodologies, exploring their theoretical foundations, diverse frameworks, and real-world applications. The insights provided aim to guide practitioners in adopting and optimising agile methods within their projects, ensuring adaptability and success in today's fast-paced business environments.
Mastering User Stories
Authors: Bhattacharya Saurabh , Singla Babita
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic realm of Agile development, the creation of effective user stories stands as a linchpin for project success. This research article delves into the foundational principles that underpin the craft of user story creation in Agile environments. Recognizing user stories as the nexus between technical teams and end-users, the narrative unfolds through an exploration of key principles, methodologies, and best practices. From empathetic understanding to strategic innovation, the principles outlined serve as a compass for crafting user-centric stories that resonate throughout the Agile development lifecycle. User stories are essential for bridging the gap between technical teams and end users in agile software development. ChatGPT can help Agile teams create user stories by offering preliminary recommendations thanks to its language creation capabilities. The results of software development projects may be greatly improved by using AI, underscoring the need to adopt technical innovations in Agile approaches
The Agile Scrum Ceremony Most Talked About but Least Paid Attention To
Authors: Kumar Samant
Published: May 2024

Among all scrum ceremonies, the Sprint retrospective is one of the most important and most talked about ceremonies but the least paid attention to. This presentation will talk about problems and impacts of routine format sprint retrospective; as well as recommendations/ various techniques for efficient and interesting sprint retrospective. The goal is to understand challenges in capturing valuable feedback from scrum team; learn various techniques to conduct sprint retrospective; and learn from practical experience in using these techniques and improving efficiency of the scrum team.
Agile Adaptations in Media and Communication Projects
Authors: Jain Vishal , Mitra Archan
Published: May 2024

Media and communication are continually changing, therefore adapting to audience tastes, technology, and market dynamics is crucial. This chapter explores Agile project management in the media and communication sector to find and develop methods that improve efficiency, inventiveness, and responsiveness. Traditional Agile approaches, successful in software development, struggle in media projects' creative and collaborative atmosphere. After a thorough literature search, this study compares Agile approaches to media and communication projects to demonstrate the need for adaptation. To understand how Agile practices are applied and adapted in this setting, the research uses case studies and interviews with industry specialists. The findings show that tailored Agile frameworks can improve project outcomes by improving collaboration, adaptability, and stakeholder engagement. The study finishes with specialized agile implementation ideas for media businesses, adding to the discussion on Agile techniques' adaptability and applicability across industries.
Integrating IoT for Enhancing Supply Chain Agility
Authors: Kulkarni Praveen M , Pote Saurabh , Gokhale Prayag , K. Lakshminarayana , Tigadi Basavaraj
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of variables such as “IoT training,” “IoT deployment,” “performance metrics,” and “data quality” on supply chain agility in the foundry industry of North Karnataka, India. The study unravels the complex interplay between these elements through a multifaceted approach, incorporating these critical variables and utilizing various tools and techniques, including surveys, data analysis, and statistical modeling. The findings underscore the strategic importance of investing in IoT training and skill development, revealing their significant influence in augmenting supply chain agility. These collective insights offer a valuable roadmap for decision-makers in the foundry industry, guiding them towards more agile, data-driven, and efficient supply chains, well-prepared to thrive in the dynamic landscape of Industry 4.0
Implementing Agile Strategies for Seamless Transition
Authors: Sharma Seema , Verma Dev , Chandravanshi Vishal Kumar , Singh Krishna , Whig Pawan
Published: May 2024

In today's dynamic business landscape, organizations are increasingly turning to agile methodologies to adapt to rapid changes, enhance collaboration, and deliver value to customers more effectively. However, transitioning to Agile practices can present various challenges, from cultural shifts to process realignment. This chapter explores practical strategies for implementing agile methodologies seamlessly within organizations. It delves into key considerations such as stakeholder engagement, team empowerment, and iterative planning. Drawing from real-world examples and best practices, the chapter provides insights into overcoming common hurdles and fostering a culture of agility. By emphasizing proactive communication, continuous improvement, and adaptability, organizations can navigate the transition to Agile with confidence and achieve sustainable success in today's competitive marketplace.
The Role of the Integral Driven Architect in Agile Project Management
Authors: Bhardwaj Arvind Kumar , Chintale Pradeep
Published: May 2024

Agile project management, as a game-changing concept, provides a new dimension in the software engineering framework engendering an unprecedented method of managing complex projects in an environment where things are constantly changing. It provides organizations with a totally new way of thinking that moves from the “plan-do-check-act” techniques to an agile methodology that favors working within shorter sprints and emphasizes collaboration, responsiveness, and flexibility. At the core of an agile project management lays the integral driven architect (IDA), a professional, who, unlike others in their field, can offer skills with multiple focuses, not exclusively from one area IDA embodies the tech savvy perspective and figures out the dynamics of all the projects undertaken, acting as a statistical catalyst for innovation and ultimately driving the project.
The Importance of Strategic Agility and Resilience in Work-Life Balance
Authors: Chatterjee Das Rupa , Basavaraj Santosh
Published: May 2024

This chapter's objective is to analyze agility and resilience which are essential qualities of work-life balance. Similarly, both enable individuals to play the important role of both professional and personal responsibilities effectively. In this chapter, the author has mentioned the importance and the role of strategic agility which describes the ability to predict and respond quickly to changes and challenges in the work environment. Also, all these involve being acceptable, adaptable, flexible, and open to new ideas and approaches. In the work-life balance framework, strategic agility supports individuals to be proactive, positive, and efficient enough to manage their time and energy. It helps individuals prioritize their tasks, allocate resources properly, and enhance their understanding of where to invest their efforts.
To Survive in a Fast-Changing Business Landscape in the Age of Digital Transformation Organizations Must Be Flexible and Adaptive
Authors: Joel M. Robinson , K. Rajakumari , D. Hemalatha
Published: May 2024

Agile approach has acquired tremendous appeal in the digital transformation age owing to its versatility, adaptability, and capacity to respond to quick modifications to technology and client demands. Continual enhancement is a key component of Agile, guaranteeing that teams are always improving their methods, goods, and offerings. Here are some critical aspects about Agile continuous improvement in the larger picture of digital transformation. An iterative approach in Agile methodology refers to the practice of breaking down an endeavour into shorter phases or iterations to allow for incremental creation, testing, and improvement. The iterative method is a core Agile idea that is widely utilised in frameworks such as the principles of Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP). Sprints or iterations are fixed time intervals in which projects are divided.
Introduction to AI in Biomedical and Biotechnology
Authors: Chaurasia R. K. , Maheswari Vaibhav , Saini A. K.
Published: May 2024

The infusion of biomedical and bio-technology is gaining high visibility as an asset for estimating various health problems at a fast pace as well as making it less expensive than the earlier methodologies. Despite the challenges, AI is very helpful in the near future in many ways such as early detection and diagnoses of a disease, providing more effective and personalized treatment options, reducing the healthcare cost, and improving the resource allocation. AI algorithms are also being used to analyze x-rays, CT scans, and other images to detect disease earlier with a great accuracy which leads to improved health outcomes of the patient. AI also analyzes massive genomic data to recognize infected genes, predict infection risk, and develop personalised therapies. By this, it can be concluded that the infusion of AI in biomedical and biotechnical has pushed healthcare into a transformative era.
Introduction to Predictive Analysis in Healthcare
Authors: Sayed Marwana , Shahane Smita , Mane Nikhil , Gilotra Manavi
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses how machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing the field of healthcare disease prediction. It describes how to employ public information and machine learning algorithms to forecast conditions including osteoarthritis, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's. Case studies from real-life scenarios show how predictive models work effectively for early diagnosis and customized responses. Critical analysis is done on ethical issues such as model interpretability and patient privacy. The chapter places a strong emphasis on the necessity of ethical frameworks and competent data handling to direct the incorporation of ML into healthcare. This chapter adds to the continuing discussion on AI's role in healthcare by providing a thorough analysis of disease prediction in osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's, and breast cancer, promoting better patient care and public health outcomes.
The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Bovine Reproductive Biology
Authors: Kilic Kubilay Dogan , Gökhan Aylin , Çavuşoğlu Türker
Published: May 2024

The integration of deep learning technologies into bovine reproductive biology heralds a significant paradigm shift that improves our approach to cattle breeding and reproductive health management. This chapter examines the versatile applications of deep learning, including image analysis, genomic information, and behavioral predictions, to advance the understanding and optimization of cattle reproduction. Adoption of these technologies facilitates a more detailed understanding of the genetic and physiological determinants of fertility and disease, contributing to the development of targeted breeding programs and improved herd health strategies. Despite the promise of deep learning to revolutionize greater efficiency and sustainability in livestock production, challenges around data privacy, security, and model interpretability remain. These issues require a concerted effort to develop ethical frameworks and transparent algorithms to ensure the responsible deployment of deep learning tools. This review highlights the transformative potential of deep learning in bovine reproductive biology and advocates for continued interdisciplinary collaboration to address the complexities of applying advanced computational techniques in agriculture. From this perspective, the future of livestock production is envisioned as a place where technological innovations and animal welfare converge, marking a new era in precision agriculture.
IoT-Enabled Assistive Technologies Approach for Personalized Geriatric Health Monitoring and Safety
Authors: Ponnuviji N. P. , Elangovan G. , Sujatha K. , Jambulingam Umamageswaran , Ganesan Indumathi , Lalitha S. D.
Published: May 2024

IoT is revolutionizing healthcare, especially for geriatric individuals in smart homes, prioritizing personalized, preventive, and comprehensive treatment. This research aims to create an intelligent environment for adaptable living, incorporating cutting-edge assistive technologies. The system includes features like medicine prompts, schedulers, fitness monitors, and improved fall detection, operating efficiently for up to seven days without battery replacement. To safeguard patient information, an ECDH module reduces latency by 77.78% compared to alternatives, ensuring security and efficiency. With user-friendly interfaces and adaptive functionalities, seamless user experience and accessibility are prioritized.
Enhancing Healthcare Integration With IoT for Seamless and Responsive Patient Care
Authors: Kalpana A. V. , Chandrasekar T. , Ramalingam Renugadevi , Tamizhselvi S. P. , Ramesh T. , Chitra M.
Published: May 2024

In addressing healthcare challenges, especially in nations like India, the authors propose integrating cutting-edge machine learning algorithms for multi-disease prediction. The approach, incorporating the monarch butterfly optimization algorithm, optimizes healthcare system coordination. This includes an integrated IoT solution for speed and accuracy, demonstrated through a full-stack website development. By prioritizing multi-disease prediction and leveraging state-of-the-art algorithms, the authors aim to redefine healthcare delivery, particularly in regions with diverse needs like India.
Detection of Heart Disease Using ANN
Authors: Dehankar Pooja , Das Susanta
Published: May 2024

Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment and prevention of cardiac complications. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as powerful tools for heart disease detection, leveraging their ability to learn complex patterns from data. This chapter comprehensively reviews recent studies and developments in the application of ANNs for heart disease detection, highlighting their strengths, challenges, and future directions. The chapter also explores opportunities for the field, imagining the use of federated learning for collaborative model development, the integration of AI-driven decision support systems into standard clinical workflows, and the use of explainable AI techniques to improve model interpretability. It investigates a number of methods, such as the integration of multimodal data sources, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image-based diagnosis, risk prediction models, and ECG analysis.
Artificial Intelligence's Integration in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Agrawal Yashvi , Nath Basab
Published: May 2024

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have ignited a new era of possibilities in healthcare and biomedical engineering. When combined with advancements in biotechnology, AI unlocks unprecedented solutions for diagnostics, treatment, and patient management. This chapter examines the burgeoning role of AI in biomedical applications, focusing on key areas like medical imaging, diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient surveillance. It investigates how AI tackles tasks like abnormality detection in scans and physiological signals, vocal biomarker analysis, and long-term health monitoring. The emergence of efficient, non-invasive AI-powered tools, including high-precision image scanners and machine learning-driven vocal detectors, underscores the critical role AI will likely play in the future of healthcare. By analyzing the current state and trajectory of AI in biomedical engineering, this chapter explores the promise of this increasingly integrated partnership, paving the way for a more precise, personalized, and efficient healthcare landscape.
AI-Driven Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Afrose Naureen , Chakraborty Rideb , Hazra Ahana , Bhowmick Pratibha , Bhowmick Mithun
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the discovery and development of new drugs in biomedicine. By using advanced algorithms and computational methods, AI optimizes treatment plans, accelerates the drug development process, and improves patient outcomes. AI algorithms integrate multi-omics data sets, decipher molecular connections, and identify therapeutic targets and biomarkers. High-throughput screening, predictive modeling, and AI-powered virtual screening platforms are revolutionizing the drug development pipeline. Machine learning and deep learning models enable drug-target interactions prediction, pharmacological evaluation, and experimental validation. Structure-based drug design methodologies accelerate the discovery of new therapies. AI-driven technologies enable personalized treatment plans for patients, taking into account their unique traits and disease profiles. Pharmacogenomics, when combined with predictive analytics, improves drug selection, dosage adjustment, and treatment response prediction, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects.
The Photography-Immersion-Value Nexus
Authors: Khondabi Hadiseh Naeemi , Dias Alvaro Lopes , Pereira Leandro F.
Published: May 2024

Tourist photography is common, yet its impact on experience remains unclear. This research explores how photography fosters immersion, enhancing enjoyment, memory, and perceived authenticity. A quantitative model tested via online survey reveals photography's positive influence on tourist value (functional, emotional, memorial, social). It recommends destination managers leverage photography while preserving attractions' natural essence and authenticity. The majority of the hypotheses grounded on the literature review were supported, and the achieved results showed that tourism photography contributes to tourists' immersion and such occurrence impacts their involvement, memorability, and authenticity of their visiting experience. Moreover, each of the experience components enhance the value perception dimensions, which are functional, emotional, memorial, and social values.
Trajectory of Innovation and Transformation on Yum Cha Culture (Dim Sum)
Authors: Lee Wing Han Helen , Chong Ka Po Ben , De Silva Jaliya , Song Zhiwen Evan
Published: May 2024

This book chapter attempts to scrutinize the impacts of innovation and transformation on sustainability of yum cha culture from industry perspective. The book chapter serves as an exploratory study to explore insights from industry on magic of innovation and transformation on yum cha culture. Representatives of two selected restaurants in Hong Kong are invited to share their insights on yum cha culture and innovation. The chapter envisions the practical and theoretical realm. For the practical implication, the study provides insights to senior management and policy makers on formulation of appropriate strategy on culture sustainability. It provides directions to tourism service providers on tourist engagement, For the theoretical implication, the book chapter facilitates the latitude and longitude of the academic paradigm. The chapter ends with limitation, future research directions, and conclusion.
Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism
Authors: Popp Jetta , Lochhead Britt , Martinez Ella
Published: May 2024

The tourism industry's growing GDP contribution highlights the need to assess its environmental impacts. Sustainable tourism, including ecotourism, regenerative tourism, and volunteer tourism, aims to mitigate negative effects. In Tamil Nadu, India, Sadhana Forest engages tourists in reforestation projects, emphasizing water conservation and community development. Sustainable tourism's economic, social, and environmental impacts are evident in initiatives like Sadhana Forest, where since 2003, over 5000 participants have engaged in hands-on learning and reforestation efforts. Through the philosophy of the “Gift Economy,” Sadhana Forest empowers volunteer tourists globally, fostering environmental education and stewardship. These practices not only enhance tourists' understanding of global environmental issues but also foster a sense of contribution to Sadhana Forest's revitalization.
Cesarine
Authors: Guedes Beatriz , Sá Débora , Verri Emma , Smirnova Valeriia
Published: May 2024

Cesarine.com is a community of Italian home cooks. Having originated in Bologna, the network has expanded far beyond its place of origin and nowadays exists in more than 120 Italian cities. The purpose of this case study is to explore why Cesarine.com is a successful example of regenerative and community-based tourism that helps enliven and preserve the local heritage. An interview with a Cesarino was held in order to analyze their experience of being a host in the community. This interview highlights the significant role of the community in the existence of the network, the long-lasting positive impact that experiences with Cesarine have on tourists, as well as the crucial part that the network plays in fostering and preserving the local traditions and values. Furthermore, an analysis of online secondary data (Cesarine.com website, online reviews, etc.) was conducted. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of visitors are satisfied with their Cesarine experience.
Balancing Urban Tourism With Sustainability and City Development
Authors: Dsouza Dominic G. , Pina Francisco D. R. , Quaye Lawrencia Naa Amerley
Published: May 2024

This research dives into the complex relationship of urban tourism, sustainability, and city development, using Lisbon and Jaipur as focal points. With urban tourism significantly influencing global urban landscapes, finding a delicate balance between its economic advantages and sustainable urban growth has become essential. Employing a combination of quantitative data analysis and qualitative perspectives from stakeholders, the study aims to evaluate how tourism impacts the sustainability of these distinct cities. The research seeks to uncover challenges, opportunities, and effective strategies, presenting actionable recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders to encourage sustainable urban tourism. Through a comparative analysis of Lisbon and Jaipur, this study contributes valuable insights to the global conversation on aligning tourism expansion with conscientious city development.
Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Tourism Development in Singapore
Authors: Langevin Edouard Opale
Published: May 2024

The aim of this thesis is to critically analyze the link between sustainable development, tourism, and related innovation for Singapore. This aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing strategies, examine the role of technological advances and sustainable practices, assess the implications for local communities and identify opportunities and challenges. This topic is relevant in today's global arena, and can generate practical ideas to contribute to ongoing efforts to promote innovation within sustainable development and innovation for tourism. On the other hand, from a personal point of view, this subject allows me to combine my personal and academic interests with concrete and current challenges.
The role of immunotherapy in urological cancers
Authors: Bosnali Efe , Akdas Enes Malik , Telli Engin , Teke Kerem , Kara Onder
Published: May 2024

Immunotherapy is defined as a therapeutic approach that targets or manipulates the immune system. A deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of the tumour environment, as well as the mechanisms controlling the immune system, has made possible the development and clinical investigation of many innovative cancer therapies. Historically, immunotherapy has played an essential role in treating urologic malignancies, while in the modern era, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been critical to urology. Urothelial carcinoma is a common type of cancer in the genitourinary system, and treatment strategies in this area are constantly evolving. Intravesical and systemic immunotherapeutic agents have begun to be used increasingly frequently in treating urothelial carcinoma. These agents increase the anti-tumour response by affecting the body's defence mechanisms. Immunotherapeutic agents used in urothelial carcinoma include various options such as BCG, interferon, anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) and anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been known for many years as a tumour with unique sensitivity to immunotherapies. The recent emergence of ICIs that block PD-1/PD-L1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab) or CTLA4 (ipilimumab) signalling pathways has reestablished systemic immunotherapy as central to the treatment of advanced RCC. In light of randomized clinical trials conducted with increasing interest in the application of immunotherapies in the adjuvant setting, combination therapies (nivolumab/ipilimumab, nivolumab/cabozantinib, pembrolizumab/ axitinib, pembrolizumab/lenvantinib) have become the standard first-line treatment of metastatic RCC. Prostate cancer is in the immunologically "cold" tumour category; on the contrary, in recent years, immunotherapeutic agents have come to the fore as an essential area in the treatment of this disease. Especially in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer, immunotherapeutic agents constitute an alternative treatment method besides androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy. Ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and Sipuleucel T (Vaccine-based) are promising alternative treatment options. Considering ongoing randomized clinical trials, immunotherapeutic agents promise to transform the uro-oncology field significantly. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of immunotherapy in urothelial, renal and prostate cancer in the light of randomized clinical trials.
Effects of Acupuncture at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) on the Intestinal Mucosa and Metabolites of Local Skin Tissues at Tianshu (ST25) in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid and Ethanol-Induced Rats
Authors: Zhou Jing-Ying , Lai Yi-Tian , Ren Ling , Lan Lei , Zhang Guo-Shan , Liu Mi
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To observe the effect of acupuncture on local skin tissue metabolites of Tianshu (ST25) in rats with Crohn's disease (CD) using metabolomics and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture treatment metabolites and pathway on local skin tissue of Tianshu (ST25).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-eight Sprague − Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a normal group (n = 14) and a CD modeling group (n = 24). Rats in the CD modeling group were administered with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol enema, in addition to the normal group. Four normal rats and four CD modeling rats were selected at random after model identification was established. Furthermore, CD modeling group rats were randomly assigned to two groups of 10 rats: the model group and acupuncture group. Rats in the acupuncture group underwent acupuncture of Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) for 7 days. After the intervention, the colon tissue was collected from each group of rats and the pathological changes were observed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The local skin tissues at Tianshu (ST25) of the rats in each group were taken, and the proton nuclear magnetic resonance technique was used to detect the metabonomics of the local skin tissues of Tianshu (ST25) in rats.

Results:

Compared with the normal group, the following were observed in the model group after HE staining: irregular colon morphology and other pathological changes such as intestinal mucosal hyperemia, edema, ulcers, polyps, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the acupuncture group, colon tissue structure was relatively complete and layered, the colon gland structure was restored, and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly improved. The choline, glycerin, glycine, guanidoacetic acid, and proline levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the acupuncture group had significantly increased contents of alanine, leucine, L-phenylalanine, and tyrosine in the skin (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Valine, leucine, and L-isoleucine biosynthesis and L-phenylalanine metabolism were the main metabolic pathways involved in the changes in the local skin tissues of the rats in each group, biosynthesis of tyrosine, and tryptophan.

Conclusion:

The change in the metabolites in the local area of Tianshu (ST25) may be related to intestinal disease. The acupuncture of Tianshu (ST25) can improve intestinal inflammatory reaction in rats with CD, and this finding may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolites and their pathways in the local acupoint tissues of Tianshu (ST25) by acupuncture.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Synonymous Term Conversion
Authors: Zhou Lu , Wu Chao-Yong , Wang Xi-Ting , Liu Shuang-Qiao , Zhang Yi-Zhuo , Sun Yue-Meng , Cui Jian , Li Cai-Yan , Yuan Hui-Min , Sun Yan , Zheng Feng-Jie , Xu Feng-Qin , Li Yu-Hang
Published: May 2024

Background:

The medical records of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contain numerous synonymous terms with different descriptions, which is not conducive to computer-aided data mining of TCM. However, there is a lack of models available to normalize synonymous TCM terms. Therefore, construction of a synonymous term conversion (STC) model for normalizing synonymous TCM terms is necessary.

Methods:

Based on the neural networks of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), four types of TCM STC models were designed: Models based on BERT and text classification, text sequence generation, named entity recognition, and text matching. The superior STC model was selected on the basis of its performance in converting synonymous terms. Moreover, three misjudgment inspection methods for the conversion results of the STC model based on inconsistency were proposed to find incorrect term conversion: Neuron random deactivation, output comparison of multiple isomorphic models, and output comparison of multiple heterogeneous models (OCMH).

Results:

The classification-based STC model outperformed the other STC task models. It achieved F1 scores of 0.91, 0.91, and 0.83 for performing symptoms, patterns, and treatments STC tasks, respectively. The OCMH method showed the best performance in misjudgment inspection, with wrong detection rates of 0.80, 0.84, and 0.90 in the term conversion results for symptoms, patterns, and treatments, respectively.

Conclusion:

The TCM STC model based on classification achieved superior performance in converting synonymous terms for symptoms, patterns, and treatments. The misjudgment inspection method based on OCMH showed superior performance in identifying incorrect outputs.
Discussion on Relationship between Meridians and Viscera of Decreased Ovarian Reserve from the Perspective of “Preventive Treatment of Disease” by Acupuncture
Authors: Pan Si-An , Murong Zhi-Miao , Zhu Yi-Lin , Song Jia-Wei , Chang Xiao-Rong , Liu Yu , Yue Zeng-Hui
Published: May 2024

Based on extensive historical data, clinical experience, and modern scientific research, we discuss the relationship between meridians and viscera of decreased ovarian reserve (OR) from the perspective of “preventive treatment of disease” by acupuncture. It is believed that the endogenous protection mechanism of acupuncture in “preventive treatment of disease” lies in harmonizing Yin and Yang and dredging meridians; stimulating righteousness and rejecting the evil outside; preventing disease; co-cultivating body and spirit, and regulating emotions. The incidence of OR dysfunction is closely related to the uterus-related meridians and viscera. The mechanism of acupuncture treatment of OR dysfunction may be related to reproductive endocrine hormone levels, ovarian tissue morphology, immune system, granulosa cell apoptosis, and related signal transduction pathways. The clinical effect of acupuncture treatment of diminished OR is reflected in improving menstruation and ovulation; improving OR function, promoting pregnancy; improving local ovarian microenvironment; improving negative emotions, improving quality of life, and thus affecting pregnancy outcomes. This article summarizes the mechanism of action and clinical effect of acupuncture in the treatment of decreased OR function based on recent findings, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of acupuncture in the treatment of disease, and provides the rationale for the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of decreased OR function.
Safety and efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with acute venous thromboembolism postthrombolytic therapy as compared to unfractionated heparin: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mansory Eman M. , Al-Kathiry Maha S. , Alzahrani Abdulelah
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a proven treatment for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) with a lower risk of VTE recurrence and lower rates of major hemorrhage compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH) and have largely replaced its use in many indications, but its use around thrombolysis remains controversial.

AIM:

This study aims to evaluate the currently available evidence on LMWH use in postthrombolysis as compared to UFH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Embase and MEDLINE were searched between 1992 and 2022, in addition to other sources. We included experimental and observational studies that assessed the use of LMWH as compared to UFH in patients with massive and submissive pulmonary embolism (PE) in the acute postthrombolysis phase. Data were pooled to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals for VTE recurrence, bleeding complications and 30-day mortality.

RESULTS:

Three studies were included in this systematic review: one randomized controlled trial, one prospective, and one retrospective study. A total of 299 patients were treated with UFH, and 227 patients were treated with LMWH. Patients treated with LMWH had a statistically significant lower risk of major bleeding with OR 0.41 (0.17, 0.97) P = 0.04 and 30-day mortality with OR 0.44 (0.23, 0.85) P = 0.01. On the other hand, though the risk of VTE recurrence and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB) were lower, this was not statistically significant with OR of 0.18 (0.03, 1.07) P = 0.06 for VTE recurrence, and OR of 0.75 (0.39, 1.42) P = 0.38 for CRNMB.

CONCLUSION:

In patients with massive and submissive PE postthrombolysis, LMWH is a reasonable option for anticoagulation with lower risk of VTE recurrence, bleeding complications and 30-day mortality when compared to UFH. However, this conclusion is largely influenced by observational data and the very limited evidence available. Certainly, more studies are needed to evaluate this clinical question.
Mixed endocervical adenocarcinoma and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Teoman Gizem , Ersoz Safak
Published: May 2024

Adenocarcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. In the literature, there are few reported cases. Herein, we report a case of a 56-year-old Turkish woman with cervical adenocarcinoma admixed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Histological examination of endocervical curettage specimens revealed a tumor composed of almost equal areas of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Neuroendocrine differentiation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for chromogranin-A, synaptophysin, and CD 56. After the adenocarcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma association was detected in the curettage material, both cervicovaginal smear and then total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resection material of the patient were submitted to our pathology department. Histological features of both curettage and resection material were determined by immunohistochemical studies.
Tanycytic ependymoma
Authors: Jain Pragya , Saran Ravindra K. , Singh Daljit , Jagetia Anita , Srivastava A. K. , Singh Hukum
Published: May 2024

Background:

Tanycytic ependymoma (TE) (WHO grade II) is a rare and morphologically distinct variant of ependymoma with only 77 cases reported worldwide so far. Variable clinical and radio-pathological features lead to misdiagnosis as WHO grade 1 tumors. On imaging, differentials of either schwannoma, meningioma, low-grade glial (like angiocentric glioma), or myxopapillary ependymoma are considered. In this study, we aim to discuss clinical, radiological, and pathological features of TE from our archives.

Method:

We report clinicopathological aspects of six cases of TE from archives of tertiary care center between 2016 and 2018. Detailed histological assessment in terms of adequate tissue sampling and immunohistochemistry was done for each case.

Result:

The patient's age ranged between 10 and 53 years with a slight male predilection. Intraspinal location was seen in two cases (intramedullary and extramedullary), three cases were cervicomedullary (intramedullary), and one was intracranial. One case was associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. Four cases mimicked as either schwannoma or low-grade glial tumor on squash smears. On imaging, ependymoma as differential was kept in only two cases and misclassified remaining either as low-grade glial or schwannoma.

Discussion:

In initial published reports, the spine is the most common site (50.4%) followed by intracranial (36.4%) and cervicomedullary (3.9%). They have also highlighted the challenges in diagnosing them intraoperatively and radiologically. Treatment is similar to conventional ependymoma if diagnosed accurately. A multidisciplinary approach with the integration of neurosurgeon, neuroradiologist, and neuropathologist is required for accurate diagnosis and better treatment of patients.
Evaluation of hematological, coagulation and inflammatory biomarker's role in predicting the severity of disease in patients with COVID-19, admitted in designated COVID-19 hospital of central India
Authors: Lokwani D.P. , Yadav Bhagwan S. , Bharti Sanjay , Gupta Vivek , Toppo Neelam
Published: May 2024

Background:

COVID-19 is a pandemic viral disease that has affected the Indian population very badly with more than 8.46 million cases and > 0.125 million deaths.

Aim:

Primary objective of the study is to establish the role of hematological, coagulation and inflammatory biomarkers in early identification of clinically severe covid-19 cases.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020 at a dedicated COVID-19 referral hospital in central India. Only RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 positive 300 cases admitted in the hospital were included in this study. Based on the clinical assessment, patients were categorised as mild, moderate, and severe groups as per ICMR guidelines. Blood samples of all cases were tested for haematological, coagulation and inflammatory biomarkers and mean values were compared among the three groups of patients.

Results:

46% patients belonged to >60 years of age group. Hematological parameters like total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, Neutrophil: Lymphocyte ratio, Platelet: Lymphocyte ratio significantly increased with lymphocytopenia (P =0.001). Coagulation profile(D-dimer and PT) and inflammatory biomarkers like CRP, LDH, ferritin, procalcitonin and NT- Pro BNP, all were significantly increased with severity of patients(p=0.001). ROC plotted for all the parameters between severe v/s non-severe cases showed that CRP, LDH and D-dimer had a good discriminative precision with AUC >0.8.

Conclusion:

We suggest that biochemical markers like CRP, LDH and D-dimer can be used as a screening tool to differentiate severe patients from non-severe patients of Covid-19 disease in order to identify severe disease at early stage for optimal utilization of resources & reducing further morbidity & mortality.