bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O genoma jurídico-político dos novos direitos
Authors: Pasold Cesar
Published: September 2021

A partir de uma opção conceitual para a categoria Novos Direitos, busca-se a sua caracterização genético-jurídico-política e, em especial, o seu genoma, este identificado no Estado Contemporâneo que tenha compromisso com a Função Social. Nesta perspectiva são considerados, de forma indispensável e em interação, a legitimidade das ações de Estado e de Governo e o Pacto Ético entre Estado e Sociedade.
Guerreiros ramos e a autopoiese: um anúncio do paradigma sistêmico
Authors: Gaglietti Mauro
Published: September 2021

A teoria da autopoiese compartilha com a biocibernética os seguintes princípios: a) pensar sobre o pensar; b) aprender como se aprende; c) conhecer como se conhece. Apresentando traços desse novo paradigma, surgiu no Brasil, em 1981, a obra intitulada A nova ciência das organizações, de autoria de Guerreiro Ramos, negro, sociólogo e um dos expoentes da denominada inteligência brasileira. O livro propõe uma "reconceituação da riqueza das nações" - o que, por certo, consiste em uma crítica da teoria econômica de Adam Smith - por intermédio dos pressupostos organizacionais que postula. Guerreiro Ramos assinala, assim, que a ciência é compreendida como uma atividade que exige, sobretudo, equilíbrio entre razão e intuição. Nesses termos, ao propor um paradigma sistêmico, o sociólogo se integra a um movimento intelectual que contesta os fundamentos da ciência moderna e que, no campo jurídico, tem na obra de Luhmann e Teubner um referencial acerca da visão sistêmica no direito.
A tradição e a linguagem como condição de possibilidade à perspectiva universal e multicultural dos direitos humanos
Authors: Engelmann Wilson
Published: September 2021

É objetivo deste trabalho investigar a importância do tempo, especialmente a partir dos diversos estágios propostos por François Ost. A sua análise é enriquecida mediante as contribuições da hermenêutica de Martin Heidegger e Hans-Georg Gadamer. No contexto assim delineado, pretende-se mostrar que a linguagem é condição de possibilidade para absorver essa tradição para projetar a universalidade e o multiculturalismo próprios dos Direitos Humanos, notadamente na sua projeção no Século XXI.
Uma política pública de tratamento do conflito como fortalecimento da cidadania
Authors: Oliveira Luthyana Demarchi de , Spengler Fabiana Marion
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo científico tem como objetivo delinear alguns pontos da crise no sistema estatal e de jurisdição, em especial, o brasileiro, bem como apresentar ante a situação de crise, a definição de políticas públicas. Nesse sentido, a implementação das políticas públicas estabelece ações e metas que vão nortear o tratamento de muitos problemas sociais. Desse modo, a política pública de tratamento do conflito, instituída pela Resolução nº. 125 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, consolida-se apresentando mecanismos consensuais como a mediação e a conciliação que vem contribuindo para a construção de um novo paradigma de sistema voltado para a pacificação social. Frente a esse contexto, analisa-se, ainda, a participação entre sociedade e Estado, de modo conjunto e cooperativo, transformando os contornos da crise do mundo globalizado de modo a promover a cidadania e a democracia participativa.
Os limites da autodeterminação da gestante em face dos direitos do nascituro
Authors: Lando Giorge Andre , Carvalho Filha Francidalma Soares Sousa
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar a literatura acerca dos limites da autodeterminação da gestante diante dos direitos do nascituro. Métodos: revisão de literatura, incluindo a Constituição Federal, os Códigos Civil e Penal e a Lei do Planejamento Familiar, padronização e sistematização de informações essenciais ao objeto de estudo. Resultados: a mulher tem autodeterminação corporal, garantida por lei e pelas políticas de Saúde vigentes, que inclui os direitos reprodutivos e de planejamento familiar. Contudo, a autodeterminação sofre limitações, especialmente no período da gestação em virtude do direito à vida e saúde do nascituro. Logo, a mulher não deve se utilizar de métodos contraceptivos ilícitos como o abortamento, a histerectomia e a ooforectomia. Considerações Finais: o nascituro tem personalidade jurídica. Isto significa que desde a concepção, lhe são assegurados os mesmos direitos fundamentais também garantidos a uma pessoa nascida - direito à vida e à saúde. Quanto à gestante, sua autonomia não representa um poder absoluto e ilimitado, pois sua liberdade de escolha tem extensão até o início dos direitos do nascituro.
A negociação coletiva como ferramenta regulamentadora de norma aberta: o teletrabalho e a lei 12.551/2011
Authors: Fincato Denise Pires , Dias Bublitz Michelle
Published: September 2021

A sociedade não é e nunca foi estática, muito ao contrário, está em constante mutação, e como tal, sofre o impacto, nesses processos de mudança, das chamadas novas tecnologias. Identifica-se um novo paradigma de sociedade: a sociedade da informação, que baseia suas trocas e a métrica do poder no domínio de num bem precioso, o conhecimento. O espaço virtual, cada vez mais, vai se tornando a grande biblioteca da humanidade, no qual estão inseridos a vida social, política e econômica, e, porque não, também a vida laboral da pessoa humana. Todas essas transformações foram inseridas nas relações de trabalho que não mais apresentam as características de tempo, espaço e organização que antes apresentavam, onde a energia e o esforço físico do trabalho humano eram os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da economia. A tradicional relação de trabalho e de emprego, aos poucos cede espaço a novas relações contratuais que não exigem a presença física do trabalhador. O teletrabalho revela uma mudança de paradigma manifestada em uma nova modalidade laboral, novos métodos de trabalho e também em um novo ambiente de trabalho, descentralizado dos centros de produção e centrado na produção, armazenamento e transformação do conhecimento e da informação com o uso maciço das novas tecnologias como ferramenta de trabalho. Assim sendo, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o teletrabalho como nova modalidade de trabalho, notoriamente no contexto brasileiro, apreciando se a novel legislação possui o condão de evitar ou resolver os conflitos resultantes e apresentando, caso necessárias, alternativas, principalmente à luz do direito comparado europeu e da experiência negocial coletiva brasileira.
A implementação do banco de perfis criminais pela lei 12.654/2012 e o limite da diversidade genética
Authors: Mazetto Corazza Thais Aline , Mendes de Carvalho Gisele
Published: September 2021

a finalidade do presente artigo é analisar a diversidade genética, pela sua importância atual em decorrência dos avanços tecnológicos da bioética e biotecnologia. Para tanto, faz-se um estudo do conceito e alguma considerações, com o fim de estabelecer a aproximação imprescindível à posterior análise crítica de tais institutos. É sabido que os indivíduos de uma mesma espécie não são geneticamente idênticos entre si, possuindo uma combinação única de genes que formam suas características físicas e psíquicas. Embora os genes tragam alguns materiais hereditários, cada pessoa tem genes diferentes, não podendo servir de discriminação genética. Em estudos anteriores César Lombroso comparou criminosos pelas suas características anatômicas, fisiológicas e psicológicas, apontando similaridades para explicar a origem da violência, mas não conseguiu explicar satisfatoriamente as causas da criminalidade. A criação do Banco de Perfis Criminais no Brasil (Lei 12. 654/2012) acaba traçando um perfil criminológico do indivíduo segundo características biológicas das pessoas, surgindo críticas de haveria ressurgido a Escola Lombrosiana. Seria como estabelecer um banco de criminosos natos. Portanto, insurge-se que as pessoas não nascem com "genes criminais", e ainda que se considere que tragam alguma carga de determinismo criminal em si mesmas, isso não pode autorizar a intervenção penal antes que cometam o primeiro crime ou ao menos, antes que o sujeito seja condenado, uma vez que a Lei 12. 654/12 permite o acesso ao banco de dados de identificação de perfil genético enquanto o sujeito ainda está sendo investigado, supondo uma mitigação e afronta ao princípio da presunção de inocência.
Monitoramento e avaliação em perspectiva democrática
Authors: Satie Luis
Published: September 2021

Após a Constituição de 1988, a metodologia de monitoramento e avaliação das políticas públicas deve incorporar a participação da sociedade civil. Este artigo sugere um modelo dialógico para o controle democrático das ações do Estado.
Transformações do direito e desenvolvimento agrário na sociedade de risco
Authors: Tayer Neto Pedro Felippe , Gonçalves Neto João Da Cruz
Published: September 2021

O direito e o modelo de desenvolvimento agrário moderno passaram por profundas transformações desde o seu surgimento, nas sociedades industriais, até os dias de hoje. Novas tecnologias como os fertilizantes e pesticidas industriais e a manipulação genética trouxeram um grande aumento da produtividade no século XX, mas também a intensificação dos debates a respeito dos riscos da atividade agrária contemporânea. A proposta deste artigo é analisar algumas dessas transformações à luz das teorias a respeito da sociedade de risco, formuladas por Ulrich Beck e Anthony Giddens. No primeiro capítulo, serão expostos os traços fundamentais das sociedades de risco. No segundo, procurar-se-á expor como o direito e o desenvolvimento agrário se comportam nos cenários de risco. Para tanto, propõe-se uma abordagem qualitativa da bibliografia disponível a respeito do tema.
Zorunlu Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışının Örgütsel Sinizm Üzerindeki Etkisinde Sosyal Sermayenin Rolü
Authors: ÇOBAN Cengiz
Published: September 2021

Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı (ÖVD), normalde gönüllü olarak çalışanlarca sergilenen ekstra rol davranışlarıdır. Fakat bu davranışların örgüt içinde sergilenmesi yöneticilerin bu davranışları normal rol davranışları olarak algılamaya başlamasına ve örgüt içindeki bütün çalışanlardan bu davranışları sergilemesini istemelerine yani Zorunlu Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışına (ZÖVD) neden olabilmektedir. Bu ise çalışanların üzerinde olumsuz bir etki yaparak onların örgüt ile ilgili hoşnutsuzluğa kapılmalarına, bilişsel, duyuşsal ve nihayetinde davranışsal sinizme neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum örgütsel bir problem olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve giderilmesine yardımcı olabilecek örgütsel değişkenlerin neler olabileceği örgütün amacına ulaşabilmesinde önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ZÖVD’nin çalışanları sinik bir tutama ve davranışa itmesini azaltmada ve engellemede Sosyal Sermayenin (SS) olumlu bir katkısı olup olmayacağının ortaya konulmasıdır. Başka bir deyişle, bu çalışmada yüksek ve düşük seviyedeki SS’nin ZÖVD ile Örgütsel Sinizm (ÖS) arasında nasıl bir role sahip olacağı incelenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan araştırma için 2019 yılı İSO 500 listesinde yer alan ve Gaziantep ilinde bulunan bir temel gıda üreticisi işletme seçilmiştir. Araştırma için gerekli veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmış olup 305 kişilik veri setti SPSS 22 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. ZÖVD’nin ÖS etkisinde SS’nin negatif yöndeki aracılık rolü çoklu regresyon analizi ile test edilmiş ve analizin sonucunda SS’nin ZÖVD’yi azalttığı, azalan ZÖVD’nin göreceli olarak ÖS’yi daha az artırdığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde bulgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak SS’nin ZÖVD’nin ÖS’ye etkisindeki aracılık rolünü değerlendirilerek SS’nin yükseltilmesi ile ZÖVD ve ÖS’nin düşürülmesi için alınacak önlemlerin aynı anda uygulanmasının sinerjik etkisinin olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Guerra privatizada, capitalismo lumpen y racismo en la frontera Ecuador-Colombia
Authors: Figueroa Pérez Jose Antonio
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la privatización de la guerra de Colombia en la frontera binacional con Ecuador y su relación con la desposesión de la población afrodescendiente. Se muestra cómo la guerra responde cada vez más a los intereses de las transnacionales armamentistas y a los crecientes ejércitos privados. A partir de la respuesta del Estado colombiano a las demandas de la población afrodescendiente en el contexto de la privatización de la guerra, se muestra cómo el discurso culturalista que se impuso desde los años 90 ha servido para afianzar la exclusión y la desposesión que sufren los afrodescendientes.

Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of the privatization of the Colombian war in the Ecuador-Colombia border and how this privatized war is related to the dispossession of the Afro-descendant population. Through the analysis of Plan Colombia and the appearance of private armies in the Colombian war, the article shows how the war responds to the interests of the transnational arms businesses. The responses that the Colombian state has given to the demands of the Afro-descendant population of the Nariño coast reveal how the culturalist discourse that has been imposed since the 1990s has served to consolidate the exclusion and dispossession produced by the privatized war.
Brain circuity: The case of South Africa as a hub for doctoral education
Authors: Van Schalkwyk François B. , Van Lill Milandré H. , Cloete Nico
Published: September 2021

The production and reproduction of knowledge are important components of national development. As student mobility increases, globally and within Africa, so does the national diversity of students as they seek to further their postgraduate studies at the limited number of research universities in Africa. Knowledge migration is inevitably a relationship between nation states because migration is driven by push factors (such as the socio-economic conditions and opportunities) in the country of origin as well as by pull factors (such as the rules and incentives for entry, participation in postgraduate education and post-study residency), which are prerogatives of the host nation. In other words, migration and development must be understood in comparative terms. The brain drain perspective on migration and development takes mainly the perspective of the origin country into consideration. Migration and the loss of high-level skills are seen as detrimental to the development prospects of the country of origin. The brain circulation perspective moves the discussion forward by suggesting that there are residual returns to the country of origin. However, relatively little attention has been given to the impact of knowledge migrants on the host nation when the host is facing its own post-colonial development challenges. This is the dilemma facing South Africa as a hub for doctoral students from the rest of Africa: attracting top doctoral students from the rest of the continent to contribute to the country’s knowledge capacity but at the expense of developing local talent, thereby setting up a complex tension between underdevelopment and development. Here we establish whether South Africa is maintaining its position as a PhD hub on the African continent and explore the extent to which the brain circulation argument holds up in the African context. We suggest that, given the current policy environment in South Africa, brain circuity is a more likely outcome, where brain circuity describes the flow of knowledge characterised by indirection and undesirable intricacy.Significance:

In the case of South Africa as a destination for doctoral students from the rest of Africa, neither the brain drain nor the brain circulation theories of student mobility hold; rather, students are confronted with an overly complex set of conditions resulting in brain circuity.
Despite the continued attractiveness of South Africa as a destination for doctoral students, the tension between equity and development remains unresolved at the policy level, potentially undermining the circulation of knowledge for the benefit of all African countries.
Education in Figures
Authors: Gokhberg Leonid , Ozerova Olga , Sautina Elena , Sutyrina Tatiana , Sсhugal Nikolay
Published: September 2021

This pocket data book contains the main indicators describing the development trends of general, secondary vocational, higher education, vocational training, and additional education in the Russian Federation. The publication also covers key education indicators for the OECD countries. The data book includes information of the Federal State Statistics Service, Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Federal Treasury, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as results of methodological and analytical studies of the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.
AZERBAYCAN ŞİİR DİLİNDE ZAMAN KONSEPTİNİN SANATSAL FELSEFİ VE BİLİMSEL TEORİK MESELELERİ
Authors: İBRAHİMLİ Fərid
Published: September 2021

Azerbaycan şiir dilinde zaman konseptinin stilistik özellikleri, sanatsal felsefi düşüncenin ifadesinde zamanın metin konstrüksiyonlarındaki ifade imkȃnları, sanatsal yaratıcılık sürecinde zamanın kognitif kategori gibi kavranılması meseleleri incelenmiştir. Bedii düşünce tarihinin tüm aşamalarında – eski folklor örneklerinden çağdaş bedii örneklere kadar bedii (sanatsal) fikrin estetik, emosyonel ekspresif, poetik dil katmanında zamanın stilistik semantik imkânlarına rastlayabiliriz. Somut sanatsal örnekler üzerinde zaman bedii konseptinin ifade araçlarının gözlemlenmesi, zamanın ifade araçlarının fonksiyonel (işlevsel) stilistik imkânlarının incelenmesi zamanın kognitif kategori olarak görünümlerini belirlemekle yanı sıra Azerbaycan şiir dilinin gelişim eğilimlerini, etno-psikolojik faktörleri, duyguların ifadesinde bireyin kognitif psikolojik doğrultularını araştırmaya olanak sağlıyor. Araştırma istikameti çok yönlü olduğu gibi elde olunan sonuçların uygulama doğrultuları da çeşitli oluyor ve bu yönler hayatın, doğanın, toplumun çizgisinden kenarda değil. Zaman, mekân və hareket gibi kategoriler (ulamlar) kavram ve düşünceye ait tüm bilgi yükünü semantik içeriğinde taşımaktadır. Algının bir kavrama dönüştürülmesi sürecinde, zamanın kavramsal olarak anlaşılması, bilimsel yaratıcılıkta ayrı bir yöndür. Bilimsel yaratıcılık sürecinde, zamanın dilsel içeriğinden ziyade zamanın felsefi içeriğinin anlaşılması öncü bir rol oynamaktadır. Aslında zamanın bilişsel bir kategori olarak algılanması, zamanın felsefi algısı ile başlar. Zamanın dil katmanındaki ifade araçları, dilbilimsel araştırması için koşullar yaratır. Bundan şu sonucu çıkarabiliriz, bilişsel bir kategori olarak zamanın incelenmesinin, zamanın felsefi ve dilsel bir yönde incelenmesini içeren daha genel bir konu olduğu sonucuna varabiliriz.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF PREVENTING CORRUPTION OFFENSES IN THE MILITARY ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Pryimak V.
Published: September 2021

The article contains the rationale for the thesis that the prevention of corruption is now one of the priorities in the activities of military command and control bodies. Obtaining objective, reliable and reliable conclusions, proposals and recommendations on this problem largely depends on the correct choice of methods of scientific research. Despite a large number of scientific studies related to the legal principles of combating corruption in all areas of public administration, the article identifies certain patterns of the methods of scientific knowledge used in them. The article proves that the methodology of scientific research of the legal aspects of preventing corruption offenses in military command and control bodies is a set of techniques and methods produced by legal and other sciences, the application of which allows a comprehensive study of the subject of research. An element of the system of research methodology for the prevention of corruption offenses is a method – a special way of carrying out scientific activities, allows you to obtain information and data on certain legal phenomena or processes. The article proves that the study of the legal aspects of preventing corruption offenses in the military command and control bodies requires the use of two groups of methods: general, which are used in all branches of scientific knowledge, and special, inherent exclusively in legal science. The general methods, the use of which would be advisable in the study of the phenomenon of corruption in the aspect of the problems we are considering, include the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction borrowed from logic, the system-structural method produced in systems theory, the modeling method, and a number of others. These methods represent the methods of scientific knowledge of the phenomenon of preventing corruption, classic for modern legal research. Certain features of the subject of the study of expediency determine the use of synergetic, praxeological, axiological and other methods. The special methods of scientific knowledge of the laws of preventing corruption offenses in the military command and control bodies include historical-legal and comparative-legal methods, as well as formal dogmatic, technical-legal, legal-semantic and other methods inherent in legal sciences.
PECULIARITIES OF SETTING THE VALUE OF THE METRIC APPLICABLE TO IDENTIFY THE SIMILARITY OF VESSEL ROUTES IN THE LIGHTING SYSTEM
Authors: Borovyk O.V. , Borovyk D.О.
Published: September 2021

The information component of the modern model of border protection in the maritime area is implemented using the integrated information and telecommunication system of the Marine Guard "Gart-12". The use of this system allows to obtain information about the current position of ships, port of departure and port of destination, type of cargo and other additional data. When choosing a vessel in the surface lighting system, it is possible to view the previous points of its route, obtained at certain discrete moments of time. The latter is necessary to establish possible signs of violation of the rules of the border regime by violators of border legislation. In this case, the visualization of the route is carried out using a linear approximation, and a possible violation of the rules of the border regime is established by comparing the route of an individual vessel and a cluster of routes connecting the departure and destination of the vessel. However, the use of linear approximation in the formation of a continuous approximation route of the vessel is questionable and unconfirmed. The influence of the type of approximation in the construction of a continuous route of the vessel through a set of discrete points of the vessel's location at fixed moments of time on the value of the metric used to establish the similarity of the route of two different vessels is investigated. The study involved: the formalization of the studied problem; analysis of the possibility of using linear, piecewise-square approximation, approximation using Lagrange interpolation polynomial and Newton's interpolation polynomial, as well as spline interpolation for its solution; calculation of metrics to establish the degree of similarity of ship routes; testing the hypothesis about the feasibility of applying a linear approximation based on a comparison of the results using different approximation methods. Software-algorithmic implementation of the solution of the researched problem, carried out by the authors, allows to automate the process of hypothesis testing and is the basis for further study of the influence of the type of approximation on the shape of the ship route cluster.
A new conceptual approach to the pathogenesis and membranopathology of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Skupchenko V. V. , Vlasov Y. V.
Published: September 2021

In patients with MS indices of hyper--lipidemia and hypercholesterinemia were shown, which were progressing by aging. They allow to judge of the observed (as an example erythrocytes) cell membranopathy, connected with autoimmune conflict and of compensation mechanisms, which are being considered by the authors from the point of view of phasotonic neurodynamics.
Diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis
Authors: Nau R.
Published: September 2021

In Germany, cases of meningitis and encephalitis are registered by the epidemiological service. In 1988, the Republican Ministry of Health received 4301 reports of these diseases: 488 cases of meningococcal meningitis, 1192 of bacterial meningitis of a different etiology, 962 of viral meningoencephalitis, and 1659 of meningitis and encephalitis of a different etiology (Phn, 1990).
Dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries
Authors: Salaschek М.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, dissection of the external cranial sections of the carotid and vertebral arteries has been of great importance in studies of the causes of stroke. Initially, after the appearance of the first description (Jentzer, 1954) of dissection, it was mentioned only in connection with the characteristics of severe neurological deficits.
Clinical variants and etiopathogenesis of cerebral circulation impairment in women of reproductive period
Authors: Belopasov V. V. , Kahovsky Е. A.
Published: September 2021

In women of reproductive period all variants of cerebral circulation impairment can be seen, but more often initial manifestations of cerebral circulation impairment and transient manifestations have place. It was found a direct relationship between estradiol concentration decrease, sexual glands functions disturbance and increase of lipid contents in blood and lipoprotein atherogenic fractions.
Role of phosphoinositide metabolism in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis
Authors: Gerasimova М. М. , Menshikova Т. V.
Published: September 2021

Phosphoinositides in lymphocytes and machrophages in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis have been studied with the help of highly effective liquid and thin-layer chromatography. In all patients phosphoinositide metabolism inpairment was revealed, which can be caused both by impairment of phosphoinositide response of immunocompetent cells, and by connecting myelin with consequent demyelinization. The revealed fact may serve one of criteria of demyelinizathion process activity, and also evidences the certain role of the revealed impairment in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
Correlation of medico-biological and psychosocial factors of disadaptation in patients with neurologic manifestations of osteochondrosis of spine lumbar department
Authors: Grigorjeva V. N.
Published: September 2021

Reliable dependence between factors of medicobiological, psychoemotional and social disadaptation in patients with neurologic manifestations of osteochondrosis of spine lumbar department was revealed. A model of correlation of different personal disadaptation factors of disease progressing has been developed. The obtained data can be used when planning and carrying out rehabilitation measures.
Paroxysmal conditions in the practice of a pediatric neuropathologist
Authors: Marulina V. I. , Safiullina F. K.
Published: September 2021

Paroxysmal states are interpreted ambiguously by different authors. A different assessment of their character creates additional difficulties for a practitioner, primarily a pediatric neuropathologist. One of the most difficult tasks that a specialist has to solve in everyday work is the differentiation of epilepsy and conditions of a non-epileptic nature that are similar in some features.
METAPHOtogRaphy: Reflections on the Connections of Thoughts and Photos
Authors: Budzik Justyna Hanna
Published: September 2021

The article is an attempt to collect and comment on discourse on the relationship between photography and metaphor, which is dispersed in different theoretical works on photography. The author finds these connections crucial in the educational perspective, because they help to inscribe pedagogical activities on photography in a broader humanistic education that aims at cultivating the ability to think. The main theoretical contexts are writings by Bernd Stiegler and Hannah Arendt. The author gives an exemplary analytical study of photographs by Krzysztof Szlapa and Kamil Myszkowski as well as a suggestion of a practical photographic task whose objective is to inspire metaphorical thinking.
Knowledge of Selected Rules Concerning Religious Vocabulary Spelling Represented by Pastoral Theology Students and Polish Philology Students
Authors: Krzyżyk Danuta
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of author’s empirical studies on orthographic skills represented by pastoral theology students and the Polish philology students. The former were the students of six clerical seminaries in Bialystok, Olsztyn, Opole, Katowice, Krakow and Wroclaw, and the latter belonged to Polish teacher training section. The subject of the study was the spelling of religious vocabulary (the use of block and lower capitals). There were indicated the rules that appear to be the most difficult for the respondents, and the level of their orthographic skills was determined. In conclusion, the postulates that resulted from the analysis of the language material collected during the studies, were formulated.
Constructs of Freedom in Children’s Literature Based on Tina Oziewicz’s Works
Authors: Kuczaba-Flisak Magdalena
Published: September 2021

The article is an attempt to outline the ways of relating to the issue of freedom in contemporary literary texts addressed to children, based on Tina Oziewicz’s works. The author draws attention to the theoretical framework on the basis of which the contemporary understanding of freedom in children’s literature has been shaped and recalls the context of treating children’s literature (and therefore the subjects it undertakes) as a social construct of adults.
Children of “Toxic Parents”: An Attempt of Interpretation of “The Unconsoled” by Kazuo Ishiguro
Authors: Myrdzik Barbara
Published: September 2021

The article constitutes an attempt to interpret the novel by Kazuo Ishiguro The Unconsoled – a work with a complex plot and a multi-threaded structure, typical for a composition stretched on the frame of the rhizome-like labyrinth and the motif of memory imperfections. The labyrinth is a space of strangeness, of being lost. It is a journey of the main character who wanders around various spaces of the city and hotel (which performs a variety of functions), meets many random people and listens to their accounts. The life problems of the city’s inhabitants indicate the eternal truth, according to which a man cannot live without understanding, without talking to someone kind who has the ability to listen. They were looking for someone who would listen and understand them, someone who would kindly respond to their problems. It may also be assumed that living in a world without the feeling of a lack of transcendence, the inhabitants were looking for an authority like a messiah who would indicate the direction of renewal in the world of chaos and who would answer the question: How to live? The novel describes a cultural crisis triggered by the feeling of a fundamental contradiction between the world of scientific truths and the inner world of every human being. Values such as faith, friendship, selflessness, truthfulness or family, to which Ishiguro pays a lot of attention, have been lost. “Toxic parents” are shown in multiple configurations: on the example of Ryder’s parents, or Ryder himself as the father of Boris and Stephan Hoffman. The author shows one of the major causes of the paternity crisis, namely the cult of professional success. Professional success and rivalry connected with it completely absorb Ryder’s life and activities. As a result of the pursuit of professional fulfillment, the role of emotional ties in his life becomes less significant, they almost disappear. It may be assumed that, using the example of the crisis in the described city, Ishiguro presents the contemporary world, which lost the sense of life; however, he did not limit it to the lost past. The world in which all attempts to search for a new form of expression and valorization end in failure. It is a labyrinthine, objectified world which is only given outside, a world of showing off and a “game” of pretending, without honesty and simplicity. It is a place dominated by a pose and culture of narcissism, full of inauthenticity, artificiality and appearance. In addition, The Unconsoled is a poignant novel about human loneliness.
Therapeutic Possibilities of Literature for Children and Adolescents in Work with a Student with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Karkut Dorota
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to broaden the knowledge of the selection and the use of literature applied in the education and therapy of children and young people. The text is addressed to teachers, educators, librarians, pedagogues and psychologists who want to develop skills of independent conducting classes with elements of bibliotherapy and to learn the value of reading (not only school) in work with students with special educational and reading needs. The author, referring to the statements of candidates for the teaching profession, draws attention to the therapeutic value of literature. She also encourages independent search and selection of various texts for students who are reluctant to read, students with dyslexia, ADHD and for people with disabilities, chronically ill and struggling with various problems and fears.
La guerra fría desde la frontera México-Estados Unidos: entre codependencias y relaciones asimétricas, 1945-1975
Authors: Samaniego López Marco Antonio
Published: September 2021

El trabajo aborda el tema de cómo se constituye la frontera México-Estados Unidos durante la guerra fría. Se demuestra cómo inicia América Latina con la idea de plantear la pregunta de la simultaneidad o la diferenciación de los procesos ante la condición generada en la posguerra. Se demuestra que la construcción de esta no responde a los supuestos más difundidos por el gobierno de México, dado que las necesidades de coordinación llevaron a acuerdos y negociaciones que le dieron funcionalidad y base para la vida cotidiana de los habitantes en ambos países. Paradójicamente, en esa misma zona, los procesos migratorios de mano de obra mexicana marcaron una situación de exclusión y represión. Por otra parte, Estados Unidos consideraba a su frontera sur como un posible acceso de agentes comunistas, por lo que crear obstáculos fue parte de sus políticas. Al mismo tiempo, la excepción fiscal dio pie a que el establecimiento de industria maquiladora se convirtiera en base de la economía fronteriza, producto de la expansión de las carreteras que tenían, como uno de sus objetivos, permitir el desalojo de las grandes ciudades.
Development of National Broadband Plans in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Garcia-Zaballos Antonio , Garnett Paul , Johnson David , Urrea Ayala Hector , Puig Pau , Iglesias Rodriguez Enrique
Published: September 2021

All governments in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region should have a national broadband plan (NBP) as a key pillar for any digital agenda. Most countries have adopted them; however, most plans are outdated and, in general, lack clear, ambitious, and achievable policy-related commitments and quantifiable targets. Many also lack effective monitoring and evaluation programs. This publication details the benefits of and proposes a framework for NBPs in the region. As the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development has pointed out, a well-formed national broadband plan is a countrys blueprint for addressing and reducing digital inequality. In addition, in its latest Affordability Report, the Alliance for Affordable Internet details the linkage between high-quality national broadband plans and progress toward affordability.
Terapia miofuncional: tratamiento alternativo para corregir mordida cruzada anterior en 15 días en un paciente de 8 años de edad. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: Vinueza Jarrín Samy Samay
Published: September 2021

La mordida cruzada anterior es una maloclusión cada vez más observable en pacientes pediátricos en desarrollo. Su comprensión y análisis de factores etiológicos es esencial para la búsqueda de un tratamiento apropiado, cómodo y eficaz para redirigir el patrón de crecimiento anormal. Es así que, el presente artículo reporta un caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino de 8 años 10 meses de edad. La misma, posterior a la evaluación clínica y realización de exámenes complementarios, recibe el diagnóstico de mordida cruzada anterior asociada a deglución atípica. Frente a esta situación, se propone como tratamiento el establecimiento de terapia miofuncional oral, la cual se manifiesta como una alternativa terapéutica única y efectiva para devolver la estética, funcionalidad y autoestima.
Consumo de benzodiazepinas y fármacos Z en una organización de la seguridad social nacional argentina: ¿uso racional o excesivo?
Authors: Marin Gustavo , Del Mauro Julieta , Marin Lupe , Urtasun Martin A. , Marin Gina , Nucher Daniel , Dacher Carlos , Diaz Perez Dario , Cañás Martín
Published: September 2021

Las benzodiazepinas y los “fármacos Z” (BZD-Z) se prescriben en exceso en muchos países. Este estudio evaluó su consumo en una organización de la seguridad social (obra social) de Argentina de alcance nacional. A partir de un diseño observacional descriptivo se analizó la dispensa ambulatoria de BZD-Z, entre abril 2020 y marzo 2021, a mayores de 18 años; desagregada por sexo, edad, principio activo y vida media. Se encontró una prevalencia anual de uso del 11,6% entre los 431.445 afiliados adultos, con valores más elevados en las mujeres y mayores de 60 años. El consumo global de BZD-Z fue de 77,6 dosis diarias definidas (DDD) cada 1.000 afiliados-día. El usuario promedio recibió 5,1 dispensas anuales y el equivalente a 1,4 DDD por cada día del año. Las BZD-Z más usadas fueron las de vida media larga. El consumo de BZD-Z resultó elevado y más prolongado que lo recomendado. Es necesario mejorar la calidad en el consumo y reducir el impacto negativo del uso inapropiado de estos fármacos entre los individuos tratados.
Left Ventricular Function Assessment by Strain Analysis in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis with Preserved Ejection Fraction Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement – A Prospective Longitudinal Study at a Tertiary Health Care Centre of South India
Authors: Pasha Syed Waleem , Pai Narasimha D. , Kamath Padmanabha , Kamath Ramanatha L. , Monteiro Francis N.P.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common, single, native valvular heart disease in adult population. The purpose of this study was to detect abnormalities in global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate using 2D - STI in patients with severe AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The effect of aortic valve replacement (AVR) on changes in strain parameters 30 days after surgery was also analysed. METHODS A total number of 60 patients aged more than 18 years with aortic valve disease scheduled for surgical aortic valve replacement admitted in Department of Cardiology, KMC hospital Mangalore, were included over a period of 18 months from January 2017 to June 2018. RESULTS A total of 60 patients with severe AS, defined by an aortic valve area of < 1 cm², mean transaortic pressure gradient ( P) of > 40 mmHg and maximum aortic velocity (Vmax) of > 4 m/sec were studied. Mean age of the study population was 63.5 years. 60 % of the population were males and 40 % being females. Most common risk factor present in the study population was diabetes mellitus (DM). 83% of the patients in the study population had at least one symptom. Most common symptom with which the patients presented was exertional dyspnoea. All patients had normal left ventricle (LV) cavity dimensions and LVEF prior to surgery with diastolic dysfunction being present in all patients. The LV ejection fraction is not significantly altered. The aortic valve area calculated by continuity equation has significantly increased post AVR with a significant reduction in transaortic peak and means pressure gradients. Mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) improved from -15.1 % to - 16.9 % (P < 0.001) and longitudinal strain rate improved from -0.8 to -0.9/s (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Global longitudinal strain and strain rate can be adequately measured by 2D speckle-tracking imaging and can be used to detect subtle changes of myocardial function in patients with severe AS with preserved LVEF. KEYWORDS Aortic Stenosis, Exertional Dyspnoea, Global Longitudinal Strain, Transaortic Pressure Gradient, Ventricular Hypertrophy
Expression of Ki67 in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Variables – A Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Thrissur, Kerala
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Reshma , Rose Freena , Thodiyil Jisha Kalathil , Jose Lovely
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC), one of the molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma, are not sensitive to hormonal therapy and are reported to have aggressive behaviour. The present study was done to evaluate the expression of Ki67 in triple negative breast cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlate the Ki67 expression with other clinicopathological variables. METHODS Based on the IHC status (ER, PR, HER neu), 50 triple negative breast carcinoma cases were selected from January 2019 to June 2020 for a cross-sectional study in Department of Pathology, Government medical college Thrissur. Ki67 immunohistochemical staining was done on the tissue sections and the Ki67 score was correlated with clinicopathological variables. RESULTS Of the 50 cases, majority (74 % cases) had high Ki67 expression (score of more than 50 %). High Ki67 score was strongly associated with presence of lymphovascular emboli (LVE) (P value < 0.05). Even though most of the patients were above 50 years (72 %), no significant correlation was seen between age and Ki67 score. The association with tumour size, histopathological type, tumour grade and lymph node status were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Ki67 expression was high in triple negative breast cancer with mean score of 62 %. High Ki67 score correlated with presence of LVE. High Ki67 would predict increased proliferation of breast cancer cells and could be considered as a prognostic marker. KEYWORDS TNBC- Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Ki 67 Score, Clinicopathological Variables
Limb Salvage in Malignant Bone Tumours - A Prospective Follow-Up Study Conducted at Government Medical College, Thrissur from 2017 to 20
Authors: Kavungal Jyothish , Vaidyanathan Subramanian , Mohammed Sameer Khateeb , Baby Ashwin , Rasheed Afsal
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Limb salvage surgeries - Are they useful compared to amputation in bone tumours (malignant/recurrent). Starting from 1980s, bone tumour treatment has seen a revolution with the advent of limb salvage surgeries. From an era where amputation was the only option to the current day function preserving resections and complex reconstructions has been a major advance. The surgeon must ensure adequate resection of the involved bone and soft tissue so as to minimize chance of local recurrence. At no stage must adequate disease clearance be compromised in an attempt to achieve limb salvage. We analyzed its relevance among our rural population at a tertiary level care centre. Limb salvage surgery basically involves resection and reconstruction. Reconstruction can be either biological or endo prosthetic. Biological can be autograft or allograft. Endoprosthesis can be fixed (custom-made) or modular. Expendable bones like fibula or ulna may not require reconstruction after resection. Prosthesis provide an immediate return to function and unlike bone they are not affected by ongoing adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS We conducted an 18-month prospective follow-up study on 10 patients (6 males and 4 females) who had undergone limb salvage surgeries during 2017 - 20 at Government Medical College, Thrissur. Wide excision, wide excision & biological autograft reconstruction, wide excision & modular endoprosthesis reconstruction are the different surgical modalities used. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically in the orthopaedic out-patient department (OPD) at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and up to 1 ½ years at every 3 months. Functional scoring has been done using musculoskeletal tumour society (MSTS) - 87 scoring system. Study duration: 2017 October to 2020 October (3 years). RESULTS The average score is 64.6 % using the MSTS - 87 system. Maximum score was 83 % and the minimum was 62 %. Most of our patients are doing well and pursuing near-normal life with limb salvage surgeries with very minimal complications. One of our patients succumbed to the disease during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Limb salvage is a better alternative to amputation in malignant and recurrent bone tumours in carefully selected and thoroughly evaluated patients. KEYWORDS Limb Salvage, Malignant & Recurrent Bone Tumours, MSTS - 87 Score, Wide Excision, Biological Autograft, Modular Endoprosthesis Reconstruction
Association of Inflammatory Markers with the Severity of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bagalkot, India - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Baragi Sunil , Dyavannavar Pavani Mallikarjun
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus was identified as being responsible for a cluster of pneumonia cases worldwide. With an upward trajectory of (corona virus disease-19) COVID-19 cases and its numerous presentations, there is an urgent requirement of identifying initial signs of decline of quality and an adequate response in order to shift a patient to specialized intensive care units (ICU) for those who progress morbidly to severe or critical categories. It has been reported that various acute phase reactants like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and D-dimer are raised much more in severe and critical patients than in the mild cases. These markers might have a role to predict mortality. The present study was done to assess the relationship of serum ferritin, and CRP levels at admission with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 infection and to determine cut-off values of the best prediction of mortality. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 109 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in our hospital was done. The outcome of cases was categorized into mild, moderate and severe grades. RESULTS Out of 109, 80(73.4 %) were males and 29 (26.6 %) were females. Majority patients of both genders were having severe disease with 30 males and females 10 (P - value = 0.066). Among 109 patients, mild cases (33), moderate case (36), severe case (40). Serum ferritin value severe group (n = 49) 422.45 ng/mL, moderate group (n = 33) 563.64 ng/mL, mild group (n = 27) 529.63 ng/mL. Mean ESR value in severe group 98.37, moderate group 100, mild group 100. Mean CRP in severe group 242.86 mg/L, moderate group 248.48 mg/L, mild group 307.41 mg/L. Mean d-dimer in severe group 971.43 ng/mL, moderate group 803.03 ng/mL, mild group 811.11 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed higher levels of markers like ferritin, D-dimer, CRP and ESR in severe patients as compared to mild and helped in forecasting the advancement of mild cases to severe. Also, the blood levels of CRP and ferritin and the duration to complete symptomatic relief all demonstrated a substantial statistical link thus aiding for monitoring of patients at home and in hospitals. KEYWORDS Covid-19, Inflammatory Markers