bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologie voor mensen met afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt
Authors: de Looze Michiel , Kranenborg Kim , Wilschut Ellen
Published: March 2022

Technology for vulnerable people on the labour market. A human-centric approach

New ict and robots in the workplace may raise productivity but can have negative effects on people. A human-centered approach and human-centered technology may prevent negative outcomes. In the present article, this is outlined for the diverse and vulnerable group of ‘people with distance to the labour market’.

These people face difficulties in getting a job and holding a job for a long period of time. For getting a job, they may need support in getting motivated and acquiring the necessary skills. For holding a job, support may be needed for adequate task performance, for staying healthy and vital, for personal development and for being able to switch from one job to another.

Various technologies may provide one or more of these types of support. In particular, cognitive support technology has a great potential to make difficult work easier and therefore more accessible to more people. In three case descriptions we illustrate the application of a human-centered approach and the potential of operator support technology for cognitively impaired people.

The case description shows the surplus value of the human centered approach, analyzing first the barriers and needs of the people involved, before iteratively testing and developing the technology with an active involvement of end-users. The described cases as well as other small-scale pilots contribute to our insight in the potential of operator support technology in increasing the accessibility of jobs for cognitively impaired people. The quantification of effects on work participation requires application of this type of technology on a much larger scale.
Oproep tot verzet tegen uitbuiting en uitputting door betaald werk
Authors: van Echtelt Patricia
Published: March 2022

Boekensignalement

In this feature authors review recently published books on subjects of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Multifactorial Effect of Covid-19 in Cancer Patients
Authors: TRAJKOVSKA-ANCHEVSKA Zhaklina
Published: March 2022

The new coronavirus pandemic has spread rapidly globally and has been identified as an emergency that implies international concern. The World Health Organization declared the condition a pandemic, which began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This zoonotic coronavirus has prompted many scientists to study it in order to accurately define the mechanisms of infectivity and the rate of human-to-human transmission. Covid- 19 is a deadly virus, manifesting in atypical pneumonia and resulting in a variety of unusual survival outcomes. Cancer patients may be immune-compromised due to the underlying malignancy and are considered to be twice as likely to be infected with Covid-19. Malignant pathology is complex and results in multisystem symptomatology. Hence the challenge of considering the multifactorial impact of coronavirus in cancer patients, causing consequences for their psychological, social, emotional, and cognitive status, as well as a different allocation of resources and a new approach to monitoring them.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM MELALUI KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP UMKM PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Magnus Loogman Palit Silvester
Published: March 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mempengaruhi perekonomian nasional dampaknya juga dirasakansampai ke daerah, yang menyebabkan lesunya kegiatan usaha UMKM. Berbagai kebijakanpemerintah pusat dan daerah dikeluarkan demi mempertahankan eksistensi UMKM pada masapandemi ini. Perlu diperhatikan yaitu aturan manakah yang benar-benar mendukungkeberlangsungan UMKM dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya di masa pandemi covid-19ini. Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode Yuridis normatifmenggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif analisis. Penelitian ini adalah mencobamenganalisis perlindungan hukum pada pelaku usaha UMKM pada masa pandemi Covid 19dengan memperhatikan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalamupaya pencegahan dan penyebaran penularan Covid-19. Kebijakan yang ada dimasapandemic covid-19 membuat pelaku UMKM bisa kembali bangkit dan berkembang lagi.Inovasi digital di masa pandemic ini diperlukan sangat memberikan pengaruh padaperkembangan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan daerah secara khusus. Pelaku UMKMyang memanfaatkan dan beradaptasi dengan sarana teknologi informasi dan komunikasidigital dapat bertahan di masa pandemic covid 19 yang belum tahu kapan berakhirnya.Dengan mengurangi transaksi menggunakan uang tunai, dan beralih menjadi transaksi nonTunai bisa membentuk sistem pasar (market) digital, dengan dukungan dari pemerintah.
Kebijakan Formulasi Hukum Pidana Tentang Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Siber (Cyber Terorism) Di Indonesia
Authors: Boby Iskandar
Published: March 2022

Di indonesia cyber terorisme di atur dalam Undang-Undang Terorisme Nomor 1 Tahun 2002 , Undang-Undang ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 dan peraturan Presiden RepublikIndonesia Nomor 53 tahun 2017. Namun pokok perkara hukum yang sebenarnyabertumpu pada UU ITE No.19 tahun 2016 menurut hemat penulis masih banyakterdapat kelemahan yuridis dan dari formulasinya belum sistemik, karena memuat halhal

yang bersifat umum dan belum mampu maksimal dalam menanggulangi jeniscyber terorism melalui sarana sistem hukum pidana dengan spesifik dan jelas,sehingga UU ITE No.19 tahun 2016 ini seringkali digunakan untuk menjerat pelakuyang semata-mata menggunakan sarana elektronik saja sehingga menimbulkankesan ambigu dalam penerapannya karena menurut hemat penulis, seharusnyakeberadaan UU ITE ini seharusnya lebih difokuskan kepada penanganan kejahatandalam dunia siber yang didalamnya juga termasuk terorisme siber (cyber terorism).
DESIGN OF ON – LINE FAULT TOLERANT CONTROLLER
Authors: AL – Naimi Khalid
Published: March 2022

A new control strategy is implemented on a heat exchanger model using fault tolerant control (FTC) based on fault detection and isolation (FDI) techniques. The approach is used in implementing this strategy, namely on-line fault tolerant control. This approach is based on using state feedback technique in the design of the gain matrix. A heat exchanger, which represents a subsystem of many industrial systems is used to verify the ability of the proposed fault tolerant methods to compensate for all faults that may take place. The proposed FTC indicates that once FDI is applied, then effect of the fault on the system is reduced, thus preventing the need for any sudden stoppage of the system. The FDI unit is usually contained within the Fault tolerant control, hence enabling the continuous operation of the system close to nominal operating conditions.
تقدير لامعلمي لدالة كثافة احتمالية متعددة المتغيرات
Authors: حمود مناف
Published: March 2022

في هذا البحث تم استعراض بعض الطرائق الخاصة بتقدير دالة كثافة احتمالية متعددة المتغيرات.اذ تم التركيز على توزيع طبيعي ثنائي المتغيرات وكذلك توزيع ملوث ثنائي المتغيرات.وقد تم مقارنة ثلاث مقدرات ( تمثل المقدر الاول بمقدر معلمي وهو مقدر الامكان الاعظم مع مقدرين لامعلميين هما مقدر لامعلمي ذو مصفوفة كاملة للمعالم التمهيدية مع مقدر لامعلمي ذو مصفوفة قطرية للمعالم التمهيدية)،وذلك باستخدام اسلوب المحاكاة.
Feedback adjustment using exponentially weighted moving average schemes
Authors: Naser Jinan
Published: March 2022

In this study, we discuss the use of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) schemes in feedback adjustment for process improvement. By application the different measures of dispersion yield different optimal values. In particular it is suggested that a robust statistic based on the median is more appropriate than the usual mean of square error (MSE).We also consider an autoregressive time series model for modeling the deviations from target and this model is compared with the usual EWMA model. The problem of applying feedback adjustment to a controllable process is discussed and it is shown via a simulation that correlation structure of the data of interest play a critical role on whether the MSE after adjustment is lower than the MSE before adjustment.
كيفية التعامل مع البيانات الملوثة غير تامة الرتبة ضمن بيانات متعدد المتغيرات
Authors: محمد لقاء
Published: March 2022

عندما نواجه بيانات بأبعاد عالية غالبا" ما نستخدم تحليل المركبات الرئيسية Principal Components Analysis (PCA) لتقليص تلك الابعاد. تحليل المركبات الرئيسية العادي (PCA) يكون مجموعة من المتغيرات غير المرتبطة التي تعود الى المتجهات الذاتية المشتقة في مصفوفة التباين المشترك او مصفوفة الارتباط. على كل حال من الجيد معرفة ان مصفوفة التباين المشترك هذه تتأثر بقوة بالمشاهدات المتطرفة لذلك من الضروري ان نضع طريقة حصينة تقاوم الشواذ المحتمل.Li & Chen (1985) قدموا حل يعتمد على ملاحقة البروز Projection Pursuit (PP) الفكرة هي البحث عن الاتجاه الذي فيه تكون المشاهدات البارزة Projected Observations تمتلك اكبر تباين حصين. في خطوات لاحقة كل اتجاه جديد سوف يهيكل كي يكون متعامد مع كل الاتجاهات السابقة. الطريقة وضعت جيدا" كل تتعامل مع بيانات الابعاد العالية حتى عندما يكون عدد المتغيرات (P) اكبر من عدد المشاهدات (n) او مايسمى بالبيانات غير تامة الرتبة او البيانات الناقصة. لهذا فان هذا البحث ينصب على دراسة البيانات الناقصة وخاصة عندما تحتوي مجموعة البيانات تلك على الملوثات او المشاهدات الشاذة ضمن مجموعة البيانات والوصول بعدها الى صورة معتدلة عن تلك البيانات نستطيع من خلالها تطبيق الخوارزميات الحصينة عليها مثل (R,M,S, …) وايجاد المقدرات الحصينة لها والمفاضلة فيما بينها ضمن مجموعة من المعايير.
دراسة مقارنة بين استخدام نظام الخزانات العالية في تجهيز المياه مع استخدام المضخات المنزلية في مدينة بغداد
Authors: عبد الرزاق عبد الكريم
Published: March 2022

البحث الحالي يخص الآلية المتبعة في تزويد الدور والعمارات ومؤسسات الدولة بالمياه الصالحة للشرب في الوقت الحاضر وهو المعمول به بعد حرب الخليج الأولى حيث شهدت محافظة بغداد شحه واضحة من المياه تسببت في لجوء المستهلك العراقي إلى استخدام المضخات الصغيرة في سحب المياه لانخفاض الضغوط في الشبكات وهذا أمر مرفوض هندسياً لأسباب ذكرت في باطن البحث وعليه أجريت مقارنة بين كلف استيراد هذه المضخات منذ عام (1995 الى 2006) مع كلف إنشاء خزانات عالية تعيد حيوية ونشاط تزويد المياه الأمثل إلى الأحياء السكنية إلى ما كانت عليه في ثمانينيات القرن الماضي حيث تصل المياه إلى أعلى نقاط الدور وبضغوط تصميمية جيدة، وبالفعل توصل الباحث إلى فروق كبيرة في الأسعار يمكن فيها إنشاء خزانات عالية مقارنة مع الاستيراد العشوائي للكميات الهائلة للمضخات الصغيرة ولمجرد البدء بالأخذ بهذا البحث في مجال التطبيق فأن مبالغ هائلة سيتم توفيرها للبلد والتي تهدر بسبب سوء التخطيط للمراحل المستقبلية.
بناء مقياس للقدرات الأبداعية في البيئة العراقية ((دراسة تطبيقية في أحدى منظمات البحث العلمي ))
Authors: خوين سندس
Published: March 2022

يهدف البحث لبناء مقياس لقياس القدرة الإبداعية نابع من ظروف البيئة المحلية، بهدف الحصول على نتائج تكون اكثر واقعية وقبولا في مجال قياس قدرات الافراد والاستفادة من هذه القدرات.وقد تم استخدام استمارة الاستبانة والموزعة على (40) منتسب من حملة الشهادات الاكاديمية العليا، ولغرض اختبار الفرضيات المعتمدة في البحث طبق المقياس الاصلي والمقياس المصمم (المقترح) على نفس العينة وتم احتساب النتائج والمقارنة بينهما.واختتم البحث بجملة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات، ومن أهم الاستنتاجات أن نتائج المقياس الجديد (المقترح) غير متفقة مع نتائج المقياس الاصلي (Ettlie & O'Keefe, 1992)، وهذا يعني ان لدى كل فرد بذرة إبداعية ترويها الظروف المحيطة بالفرد، فكلما كانت هذه الظروف صحية ساعدت في ظهور القدرة الإبداعية بعمر مبكر وبشكل واضح ومفيد.
Word Sense Disambiguation and Semantics techniques
Authors: Hasan Amaal
Published: March 2022

Of the many kinds of ambiguity in language is word sense. This problem had received the most attention in computational linguistics, and the reasons for this are clear: their resolution is seemingly essential for any practical application, and they seem to require a wide variety of methods and knowledge-sources with no pattern apparent in what any particular instance requires.Since the beginning of NLP field and the researchers trying to bypass the bottleneck of word sense disambiguation (WSD). The lack of high-performing methods for sense disambiguation may be considered the major obstacle that prevented an extensive use of natural language processing techniques in many areas of information technology, such as information classification and retrieval, query processing, advanced Web search, document warehousing, etc.This obstacle inspired many researchers to come up with new methods, approaches, and to exploit whatever knowledge resources exist to develop a solution. Previously most of the techniques used were based on a huge amount of knowledge sources, which suffers from the problems of incomplete, inadequate, and expensive resources.After that a trained techniques and the statistical approaches dominant over the field for a while were at the beginning good results obtained with limited and small domains. But with the expanding of the domains, the luck of good trained knowledge sources besides the neglecting of the semantic roles did not lay good results at the end.Now a day’s the research had been directed towards a hybrid approach that depends on the available and more reliable knowledge sources besides the semantic techniques, and training methods which consider the role of the words in its context.In this research we will take a case study of WSD. Then we will display the semantic techniques used in it and display the effect of implementing consistence concept evaluation method to produce more reliable results based on semantic similarity, besides that we will show how more conceptualization of the semantic relations can be implemented through semantic information.
Automatic Determining Of Candidate Keys Sets Depending On Functional Dependency
Authors: Adnan Nada
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a step in automatic database design, re-engineering and schema modification, design weak points detection, and normalization. This step represents determining the candidate keys of the tables automatically via proposing and implementing an algorithm which depends on the functional dependency and attribute set closure. Also, some techniques of Apriori algorithm of association rule mining are used to generate keys and minimize the keys space. The implementation is done by using Oracle PL/SQL to utilize the facilities provided by ORACLE DBMS and to give the features of embedded system to the proposed one.
Design and Implement of Key Management System for Public Key Algorithms
Authors: Alwan Mohammed , Saed Diyar
Published: March 2022

Design cryptographic system requires some properties like security, speed and other. One of the most important design criteria is the key management system it is considered as another part of the cryptographic system. Good cryptographic systems must have a strong key management systems responsible for generate the key, store and exchange it. Since the security of the system depends on the secrecy of the key not on the algorithm. It becomes important to study and design this part of cryptographic system. In this paper a new key management system was proposed. This system is capable of generating pair of private / public key, store, exchange and revoke it. The proposed system works between two parties and does not need the third parity.It can countermeasure man in the middle attack, replay attack and clogging attack. The proposed system is based on the PEM (Privacy Enhanced Email) since it’s a simple electronic mail security service program but its key management process suffers from some difficulties which will be discussed in this paper. The proposed system can work with any security system requires key exchange process.
Factors affecting the job satisfaction for those holding higher degrees in the Organization.(An exploration study in the Ministry of Siences and Technology)
Authors: Fawzi Ali
Published: March 2022

The case study of the job satisfaction for individuals and to identify the factors affecting it and the reasons that may prevent achieved is necessary to be concerned by each Organization seeking to improve their performance, develop their activities, and achieve competitive advantage in the work environment. Research aims at determining the factors affecting the job satisfaction for an important category of employees in the organization (Higher degrees workers) and try to rank in the hierarchy of priority according to the degree of their importance and their impact on the level of satisfaction achieved. Questionnaire was distributed to (80) employees holding higher degrees in the Ministry of Science and Technology. The method of (Factor analysis) was adopted in the processing of data obtained from the Questionnaire after sorting and tabulating them, which aims at getting the most simple images that show the relationship between the variables through common factors between them, and then arranged in the degree of influence. The study has concluded to an umber of conclusions and recommendations. The most important conclusions that the satisfaction achieved in the outcome of the interaction of arrange of factors considered but not the result of the impact of each of them separately. The factors has also ranked in priority according to their importance and influence on the theoretical, Moreland scientific features for the researched group .then the moral factors have the superiority on the physical factors in the level of job satisfaction achieved .
g post-extraction dry socket
Authors: Hamad Taha , Kumail Ihsan
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the efficiency of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) in preventing post-extraction dry socket.Materials and Method: We present a single blind, randomised study on 30 patients to evaluate the efficacy of the ORC, placed only once within the alveolus, on the reduction of the incidence of impacted third molar post-extraction dry socket alveolitis and its post-operative effects on patients.Results. A reduction of 42.65% in the occurrence of alveolitis and a more favourable post-operative period in the experimental group was observed. In the control group, the appearance of alveolitis was 30.76% opposite to 5.88 % in the experimental group.Conclusions: The oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC), applied only once after the extraction of impacted third molars, seems to be an appropriate option for the reduction of alveolitis. It improves the buccal aperture and oedema in the post-operative period, although further double blind studies with larger samples are necessary.
الإبداع وأثره في أداء القيادات الإدارية : دراسة استطلاعية في كليتي الآداب والتربية في الجامعة المستنصرية
Authors: النعيمي رائد
Published: March 2022

هذا البحث يهتم بدراسة ارتباط مفاهيم الإبداع والتي تتضح من خلال دراسة تعاريف معينة لبعض كتاب الإدارة متمثلة بـ (عملية فكرية ، تقديم الجديد ، قرار شكل استجابة غير مألوفة ، نشاط إنساني مُتَجه ، قدرات متميزة ، الهام "سماوي") مع مفاهيم الأداء والتي تتضح من خلال دراسة تعاريف معينة أيضا ً متمثلة بـ (تعبير عن أنشطة المنظمة ، تحقيق أهداف معينة ، نوعية الإدارة ، دراسة البيئة و اختيار الإستراتيجية الأفضل) . يقدم البحث دراسة موضوعية لآراء البعض من كتاب الإدارة لموضوعي الإبداع والأداء . ويتضمن محاولة الإجابة عن أية علاقات بين كل من المتغيرين المستقل والتابع وذلك في خلال العينة المبحوثة وبالتالي وضع عدد من التصورات كتوصيات مبنية على استنتاجات استقيت من الجانب العملي للدراسة.
جرائم تقنية المعلومات وإثباتها
Authors: عباس طالب , عواد عبدالجبار
Published: March 2022

عمت تقنيات ونظم المعلومات جميع المجتمعات في الدول المتقدمة والنامية، وباتت تؤثر على حركتها. تنظم المعلوماتية اليوم وسائل النقل والاتصال، حركة الاقتصاد والتجارة، مدخلات الصناعة والزراعة، أدوات التعليم والصحة وآلات الحرب والسلام. ونتيجة لهذا التطور العلمي الذي شهده العصر الحديث، تطورت الجريمة وظهرت نوعية من المجرمين الذين انتقلوا بالجريمة من شكلها التقليدي وأبعادها المحدودة إلى آفاق جديدة تعتمد على التقنية الحديثة. موضوع هذا البحث هو جرائم تقنية المعلومات وكيفية إثباتها، أي الجرائم التي تقع بطريق الحاسوب والإنترنت. ويعتبر هذا الموضوع من الموضوعات المهمة التي تثير جوانب جديدة ترجع إلى اتصالها بتطور وسائل التعاملات بسبب انتشار استخدام الحاسوب وخاصة استعمال شبكة الإنترنت. وانطلاقاً من الأهمية البالغة لهذا الموضوع على نحو ما أوضحنا فيما تقدم، تبين أن هناك حاجة للبحث المعمق في المسائل العملية المتصلة بتحقيق وإثبات جرائم تقنية المعلومات، لذا فأن هذا البحث ينصب على سبر غور المسائل الفنية والقانونية ذات الصلة بالتحقيق والإثبات. إن تناول موضوع البحث الرئيس يتطلب ابتداء التمهيد له باستعراض موجز بالتعريف بتقنية المعلومات، وهذا ما سيكون محلاً للمبحث التمهيدي باعتباره مدخلاً موضوعياً يحتاجه القارئ الكريم غير المحيط بالأبعاد الفنية. وليتحقق بحث جرائم تقنية المعلومات لابد من تحديد أركان جريمة تقنية المعلومات وأنواعها، وهو ما سيكون محلاً للمبحث الأول. وفي المبحث الثاني، فأننا نتناول موضوع الإثبات والتحقيق الابتدائي والنهائي.
الحصانة البرلمانية_دراسة مقارنة
Authors: عجمي بشار
Published: March 2022

ان الحصانة البرلمانية تعتبر من موضوعات القانون العام على العموم ومن موضوعات القانون الدستوري على وجه الخصوص لارتباطه الوثيق بموضوع الدستور وما يمنحه من ضمانات مباشرة منه للأعضاء المنتمين إلى البرلمان بوصفهم ممثلي الشعب كما ان له صلة بالقانون الجنائي باعتبار ان واحدة من معانيه هو منع اتخاذ الإجراءات بحق النائب جنائيا وهي ما تسمى ب(الحصانة الاجرائية)والتي ثار الخلاف بشأنها فأعتبرها البعض إحدى موانع العقاب وعارض آخرون ذلك واعتبروها سببا لجعل النائب فاقدا للأهلية القانونية للعقاب وبالتالي غير خاضع لأحكام القانون الجنائي.إن الحصانة البرلمانية التي تمنحها الدساتير للأعضاء في المجالس التشريعية المنتخبة(لبرلمان)هي استثناء من القاعدة العامة التي تقضي بأن الكل يخضع للقانون والكل تسري عليه المسؤولية القانونية, بيد ان لهذه الحصانة ما يبررها من الناحية القانونية فهي تعد ضمانة تمنحها الدساتير لأعضاء السلطة التشريعية في مواجهة السلطة التنفيذية خاصة أذا علمنا ان الأخيرة تملك الكثير من السلطات التي تمكنها من ان تقوم بالضغط على أعضاء السلطة التشريعية, منحها إياها الدستور لأجل ان تقوم بعملها الذي حدده الدستور لها بالأصل.الدستور العراقي واحد من الدساتير الذي منح أعضاء البرلمان (السلطة التشريعية) الحصانة البرلمانية من أجل ان يقوموا بأداء أعمالهم دون وجل من إبداء آراءهم ما دامت الأخيرة لا تخرج عن نطاق الأعمال الموكلة أليهم أساسا ,فقرر في الماد(60)من دستور عام 2005 منح أعضاء البرلمان الحصانة البرلمانية بنوعيها الموضوعي والإجرائي .
تعديل الدستور في ظل الدستور العراقي لعام 2005
Authors: هاني ايمان
Published: March 2022

يمثل موضوع تعديل الدستور أهمية كبيرة في ميدان الفقه الدستوري، لانه يجسد ضرورة قانونية وسياسية في جميع الانظمة الدستورية. فمن الناحية القانونية يعد الدستور هو القانون الاساسي في الدولة بوصفه ظاهرة اجتماعية يقبل التعديل في كل وقت، اما من الناحية السياسية فان الدستور يقوم بوضع القواعد الاساسية للدولة وفقاً لأوضاعها السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية وقت صدوره.ان الحرص على استقرار القواعد الدستورية وضمانها في وثائق مكتوبة من جانب، والتطور المستمر والمتنوع والمتسارع في جميع مجالات الحياة البشرية والحضارية من جانب آخر، جعل من التعديل الدستوري ضرورة لابد منها لاقامة التوازن بين هذين العاملين الاساسيين وضماناً منطقياً وعملياً للحفاظ على الشرعية الدستورية.
Bhutanese Refugee Cultural Complex: An Outsider-Insider’s Perspective
Authors: Banki Susan
Published: March 2022

The Bhutanese Refugee Cultural Complex (BRCC), housed in Jhapa in eastern Nepal, is a centre devoted to the memory and study of Bhutanese refugees. As the BRCC develops into a fully functioning centre, it is worth asking about its purpose(s). Building on research conducted on other memorialisation initiatives, in this article I suggest five possible purposes for what I called commemorative structures: documenting history; preventing future problem events; reconciliation; individual healing; and tourism. I analyse the potential for the BRCC to fulfill these roles, and suggest the questions that might need to be answered to make this a reality.
Editorial
Authors: Watch Bhutan
Published: March 2022

Democratic days of Bhutan heralded with the transfer of power from fourth to fifth kings with new king accepting the fact that governance should be through the peoples’ elected representatives. In the past the monarchy used to face pressure to relinquish power; the transition to democracy witnessed appreciation and approval.
Study of Convex Corners' Effect on the Displacements Induced by Soil-Nailed Excavations
Authors: Rezamand Abbas , Afrazi Mohammad , Shahidikhah Mahdi
Published: March 2022

In deep excavations, because of time, budget, and computational tools limitation, two-dimensional analyses (plane strain analyses) rather than three-dimensional ones are often used for controlling factors of safety and displacements. In most excavation projects, the excavation plan includes convex and concave corners. Unlike concave corners, the use of two-dimensional analysis for convex corners is non-conservative. In the present study, by using three-dimensional numerical modeling and comparing 3D and 2D results, the effects of convex corners on the displacements induced by soil-nailed excavations are studied for two types of soil: sand (granular soil) and clay (cohesive soil). The results of the study indicate that the length of the zone affected by the convex corner (the zone along the wall and around the convex corner where the values of the displacements are greater than the corresponding two-dimensional values) is about 0.75 to 1 times the excavation's depth. The results also show that although the horizontal soil nails are executed easier and prevent interference of nails that cross, but applying an appropriate angle over the horizon (about 10 degrees) to the soil nails can reduce the wall displacements. Furthermore, it was found that applying azimuth to the soil nails in the area affected by the convex corner, significantly increased the displacements of this area. Lastly, it has been suggested that to reduce the displacements in the zone affected by the convex corner, increasing the length of the soil nails is more effective than decreasing their horizontal spacing.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Iranian People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection
Authors: Garshasbi Saba , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Khanaliha Khadijeh , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Kalantari Saeed , Jamshidi Makiani Mahin , Marjani Arezoo , Dehghani-Dehej Farzaneh , Babaei Roghayeh , Sadeghi Mohsen , Abbasi-Kolli Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background: A novel Coronavirus first emerging in Wuhan, China, was named severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). HIV-1 infected individuals may be at risk of COVID-19. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and COVID-19 prevalence among Iranian HIV-1-infected people. Methods: The study was conducted on 155 HIV-1-infected patients from June 2020 to October 2020. COVID-19 Ab (IgG) was detected using an enzyme immunoassay in serum specimens. Furthermore, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected. Then, the genomic RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical symptoms of the studied participants with and without COVID-19 were examined. Results: Of 155 HIV-1-infected individuals, 12 (7.7%) had positive real-time PCR results for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 12 (7.7%) patients with COVID‐19, four (33.3%) were males. Anti-COVID Ab (IgG) was detected in 10 (6.5%) participants, of whom eight (80.0%) were males. The most common COVID-19 clinical symptoms, including dry cough, fever, runny nose, anosmia, and hypogeusia, were observed in seven (58.3%), five (41.7%), five (41.7%), five (41.7%), and five (41.7%) patients with COVID-19, respectively. Conclusions: A recent study has shown that the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in HIV-infected individuals is similar to that in the general population.
Effect of Couple Education on Spouses' Anxiety and Treatment Adherence in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted to Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rafeie Rouhallah , Pishkar Mofrad Zahra , Momeni Mohammad Kazem , Ebrahimi Tabas Ebrahim
Published: March 2022

Background: Reducing the anxiety in spouses suffering from cardiovascular diseases is essential for themselves and improving treatment outcomes by increasing adherence to treatment and medication. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of couple education on spouses' anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 couples, including the spouses and patients with ACS admitted to the cardiac intensive care units of Khatam al-Anbia and Ali Ibn Abitaleb hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The participants in the intervention group attended three training sessions for three consecutive days based on their clinical diagnosis and treatment following the educational table of content. The instructions in the training sessions were provided to the patients and their spouses for 40 to 60 minutes in the clinic. In contrast, the patients in the control group received only routine ward care. Twelve weeks after the intervention, data were collected using two self-report instruments, including the Medication Adherence Scale and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using paired-samples t-test, independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The ANCOVA showed that after the couple education intervention, the mean anxiety score of the spouses of ACS patients in the intervention group was significantly lower than the score of the participants in the control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of patients' treatment adherence in the intervention group (58.54 ± 5.00) was significantly higher than that of the control group (39.05 ± 9.11) (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The present study indicated that couple education reduces anxiety in the spouses of ACS patients and increases treatment adherence in the patients. Thus, integrating interventions such as couple education in the rehabilitation programs for ACS patients can improve treatment adherence in patients and reduce anxiety in spouses.
Valuing the Lives of People with Profound Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Brison Susan J. ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: March 2022

Some prominent contemporary ethicists, including Peter Singer and Jeff McMahan, do not consider human beings with profound intellectual disabilities to have the same moral status as “normal” people. They hold that individuals who lack sufficiently sophisticated cognitive abilities have the same moral value as nonhuman animals with similar cognitive capacities, such as pigs or dogs. Their goal—to elevate the moral standing of sentient nonhuman animals—is an admirable one which I share. I argue, however, that their strategy does not, in fact, achieve this goal and that there are better ways to advance it than to attach lesser value to the lives of profoundly intellectually disabled persons.
The ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of bulbuls (Aves: Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), with descriptions of 18 new species
Authors: Gustafsson Daniel R. , Najer Tomas , Zou Fasheng , Bush Sarah E.
Published: March 2022

The ischnoceran chewing lice known from bulbuls are discussed and revised, and 18 new species are described. These are: Brueelia celer sp. nov. from Pycnonotus cafer bengalensis Blyth, 1845 and Pycnonotus cafer primrosei Deignan, 1949; Brueelia colindalei sp. nov. from Hemixos castanonotus canipennis Seebohm, 1890; Brueelia doisuthepensis sp. nov. from Alophoixus ochraceus ochraceus (Moore, 1858); Brueelia galeata sp. nov. from Alophoixus pallidus henrici (Oustalet, 1896); Brueelia hermetica sp. nov. from Pycnonotus barbatus layardi Gurney, 1879; Brueelia leiae sp. nov. from Alophoixus flaveolus burmanicus (Oates, 1899); Brueelia robertrankini sp. nov. from Pycnonotus jocosus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pycnonotus jocosus pattani Deignan, 1948; Brueelia yunnanensis sp. nov. from Ixos mcclellandii similis (Rothschild, 1921); Guimaraesiella brunneomarginata sp. nov. from Pycnonotus goiaver samarensis Rand & Rabor, 1960 and Pycnonotus goiaver personatus Hume, 1873; Guimaraesiella caligogularis sp. nov. from Pycnonotus plumosus plumosus Blyth, 1845 and Alophoixus bres tephrogenys (Jardine & Selby, 1833); Guimaraesiella cinnamomea sp. nov. from Iole propinqua propinqua (Oustalet, 1903) and Iole viridescens cinnamomeoventris Baker, 1917; Guimaraesiella ixi sp. nov. from Ixos mcclellandii peracensis (Hartert & Butler, 1898); Guimaraesiella lorica sp. nov. from Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus Gould, 1863; Guimaraesiella mayoensis sp. nov. from Hypsipetes everetti everetti (Tweeddale, 1877); Guimaraesiella phlaoalopha sp. nov. from Alophoixus pallidus henrici (Oustalet, 1896); Philopteroides holosternus sp. nov. from Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli, 1786); Philopteroides longiclypeatus sp. nov. from Hypsipetes everretti samarensis Rand & Rabor, 1959; Philopteroides haerixos sp. nov. from Ixos mcclellandii holtii (Swinhoe, 1861) and Alophoixus pallidus henrici (Oustalet, 1896). The following new host records are provided: Hemixos castanonotus canipennis Seebohm, 1890, for Guimaraesiella flavala (Najer & Sychra in Najer et al., 2012); Pycnonotus blanfordi conradi (Finsch in Finsch & Conrad, 1873) for Philopteroides cucphuongensis Mey, 2004. Philopterus cucphuongensis is tentatively redescribed and illustrated based on specimens from a non-type host species. The species descriptions of the following species are amended slightly, based on re-examinations of type specimens: Brueelia alophoixi Sychra in Sychra et al., 2009; Guimaraesiella cucphuongensis (Najer & Sychra in Najer et al., 2012); Guimaraesiella flavala (Najer & Sychra in Najer et al., 2012). We propose to move Philopterus hiyodori Uchida, 1949, to the genus Craspedorrhynchus Kéler, 1938. The species Sturnidoecus acutifrons (Uchida, 1949) and Penenirmus guldum (Ansari, 1955) are considered species inquirenda. An updated checklist of ischnoceran lice known from bulbuls is provided, as well as a key to all ischnoceran species known from bulbuls.
Una infancia sin futuro: El personaje del menor migrante en el teatro español actual
Authors: Kumor Karolina , Seruga Kamil
Published: March 2022

The paper investigates the dramatic figure of a minor migrant, and aims, specifically, to examine their role as a protagonist in the contemporary Spanish theater stage plays that deal with the problem of migration. The presence of the minor migrant in contemporary Spanish theater is disproportionately scarce considering their massive participation in the migratory process. Among the works published in two theater anthologies on migration that we established as the corpus for the paper (Los mares de Caronte, 2016, and Sillas en la frontera, 2018), minor migrant figures appear only in four texts: En un lugar de nadie and El viaje de Adou, by Diana de Paco; El camión al paraíso, by Antonia Bueno and Babel, by Juana Escabias. The playwrights not only manage to address some pressing topics related to migration, but also reclaim the voice of minor migrants. The paper analyzes plays both thematically and formally: we apply the concept of ontological security (Anthony Giddens) to the dramatization of migration experience and analyze dramaturgical techniques that are employed to elicit social denunciation.

El presente artículo estudia la figura dramática del menor migrante y, en concreto, el papel que este desarrolla en el teatro español actual en su función de protagonista. A pesar de que los niños participan masivamente en el proceso migratorio, su presencia en las tablas es más bien escasa. De entre las obras publicadas en dos antologías teatrales sobre la migración que constituyen el corpus del presente estudio (Los mares de Caronte, 2016; Sillas en la frontera, 2018), solamente cuatro textos cuentan con la figura del niño: En un lugar de nadie y El viaje de Adou, de Diana de Paco; El camión al paraíso, de Antonia Bueno y Babel, de Juana Escabias. Las dramaturgas destacan por ubicar al personaje infantil en el centro del universo dramático consiguiendo con ello abordar, desde su perspectiva, algunos de los tópicos relacionados con la migración y recuperar la voz, tantas veces olvidada, de los menores migrantes. En nuestro estudio analizaremos la dramatización de la experiencia migratoria desde la perspectiva de la seguridad ontológicade Anthony Giddens, así como también nos centraremos en todos aquellos aspectos dramatúrgicos que se orientan a la denuncia social.
César Vallejo y la revista Perú
Authors: Fernández Carlos , Gianuzzi José Valentino
Published: March 2022

The journalistic context in which the early printed versions of Trilce were published has not been studied in detail. This work aims at pointing out this gap and at opening a path for future research on the critical reception of Trilce. These investigations should highlight how, even among the members of the Bohemia de Trujillo, the book triggered different reactions. The detailed recreation of the diverse impact of the work, even among his friends and old poetic comrades, is essential for apprehending Vallejo’s aesthetic deed in all its magnitude and complexity.

El contexto hemerográfico en que se publicaron las primeras versiones de Trilce no se ha estudiado todavía en detalle. Este trabajo pretende señalar esa laguna y abrir una vía de investigación para futuros estudios en los que se ponga de relieve la compleja recepción de una obra que, incluso entre los miembros de la Bohemia de Trujillo, suscitó distintas reacciones. La recreación del impacto dispar de Trilce entre los antiguos compañeros de armas del poeta es esencial para captar la hazaña estética de Vallejo en toda su magnitud y complejidad.
Keyphrase Extraction for Technical Language Processing
Authors: Dima Alden , Massey Aaron
Published: March 2022

Keyphrase extraction is an important facet of annotation tools that offer the
provision of the metadata necessary for technical language processing (TLP). Because TLP
imposes additional requirements on typical natural language processing (NLP) methods, we
examined TLP keyphrase extraction through the lens of a hypothetical toolkit which
consists of a combination of text features and classifiers suitable for use in
low-resource TLP applications. We compared two approaches for keyphrase extraction: The
first which applied our toolkit-based methods that used only distributional features of
words and phrases, and the second was the Maui automatic topic indexer, a well-known
academic method. Performance was measured against two collections of technical
literature: 1153 articles from Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics (JCT) curated by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) and
244 articles from Task 5 of the Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval). Both
collections have author-provided keyphrases available; the SemEval articles also have
reader-provided keyphrases. Our findings indicate that our toolkit approach was
competitive with Maui when author-provided keyphrases were first removed from the text.
For the TRC-JCT articles, the Maui automatic topic indexer reported an F -measure of
29.4 % while our toolkit approach obtained an F -measure of 28.2 %. For the SemEval
articles, our toolkit approach using a Naïve Bayes classifier resulted in an F -measure
of 20.8 %, which outperformed Maui’s F -measure of 18.8 %.
Diagnostics of internal affairs officers’ motivation during the assimilation period
Authors: Nezhkina Larisa Yur'evna , Novolodskaya Natal'ya Sergeevna
Published: March 2022

The authors represent a research material describing the specificity of motivation of young specialists during the assimilation period at internal affairs agencies as an important factor in the field of HR management, which is the research subject of this article. According to the research subject, the authors formulate the goal to conduct a psycho-diagnostic research of 150 young employees studying at a subordinate education institution. To detect the peculiarities of motivation, the authors use the following methods: interview, test, and association experiment. For the interview, the authors prepared a set of questions about the reasons for enrolling at law-enforcement agencies. For testing, the authors use the questionnaires «Labor activity motivation structure» and «Diagnostics of motivational structure of a personality». The authors use the method of association experiment to study self-motivation. In the result of the research, the authors arrive at the following conclusions:   Young employees don’t have enough motivation, particularly self-motivation as self-actualization, at the same time they declare external positive motivation as a need for a paid job allowing them to supply their capital needs. It is necessary to form motivation, especially self-motivation, of young employees during their assimilation period as internal affairs officers using such methods as assimilation and motivation training, business simulation, psycho-diagnostics, conversation, discussion, and many others. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the study of external and internal motivation of young officers of internal affairs agencies during their assimilation period, the analysis of peculiarities of manifestation of their external and internal motivation, and the formulation of the ways to form their motivation, particularly self-motivation, promoting the development of their professional skills.  
Ecdysone coordinates plastic growth with robust pattern in the developing wing
Authors: Nogueira Alves André , Oliveira Marisa Mateus , Koyama Takashi , Shingleton Alexander , Mirth Christen Kerry
Published: March 2022

Animals develop in unpredictable, variable environments. In response to environmental change, some aspects of development adjust to generate plastic phenotypes. Other aspects of development, however, are buffered against environmental change to produce robust phenotypes. How organ development is coordinated to accommodate both plastic and robust developmental responses is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the steroid hormone ecdysone coordinates both plasticity of organ size and robustness of organ pattern in the developing wings of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Using fed and starved larvae that lack prothoracic glands, which synthesize ecdysone, we show that nutrition regulates growth both via ecdysone and via an ecdysone-independent mechanism, while nutrition regulates patterning only via ecdysone. We then demonstrate that growth shows a graded response to ecdysone concentration, while patterning shows a threshold response. Collectively, these data support a model where nutritionally regulated ecdysone fluctuations confer plasticity by regulating disc growth in response to basal ecdysone levels and confer robustness by initiating patterning only once ecdysone peaks exceed a threshold concentration. This could represent a generalizable mechanism through which hormones coordinate plastic growth with robust patterning in the face of environmental change.
Tanks, Chauffeurs and Backseat Drivers: Competence in MMORPGs
Authors: Carr Diane , Oliver Martin
Published: March 2022

In this paper learning and competence in the MMORPG World of Warcraft are explored. In order to facilitate movement between in-game and the real-world contexts of play, data was collected from couples who play the game together while sharing real space. Through the collection and analysis of interview data the authors develop a framework for the examination of learning practices. The ways in which players acquire and assess skills, balance different skill levels, and accommodate different play preferences, are discussed. It is argued that competence in MMORPGs is complex, variously constituted and assessed by players in diverse ways.
Video Game Genre, Evolution and Innovation
Authors: Arsenault Dominic
Published: March 2022

This paper provides a critical overview of the notion of genre in game studies and in the video game industry. Using the concept of genre requires one to acknowledge the recent developments of genre theory in other fields of research; one such development is the contestation of the idea of generic evolution. After a comparative analysis, video game genres are found to differ from literary and film genres precisely on the basis of evolution. The technological imperatives that characterize video game production are also pinpointed as relevant to the establishment and development of video game genres. Evolution is linked to the processes of innovation, and so a model of innovation is laid out from a compare-and-contrast approach to literary and film genre innovation. This model is tested through the history and analysis of the First-Person Shooter genre. This results in new insights for the question of genre in video games, as it is established that genre is rooted not in game mechanics, but in game aesthetics; that is, play-experiences that share a phenomenological and pragmatic quality, regardless of their technical implementation.
An Analysis of Persistent Non-Player Characters in the First-Person Gaming genre 1998-2007: a case for the fusion of mechanics and diegetics
Authors: Pinchbeck Dan
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the results of an analysis of persistent non-player characters (PNPCs) in the first-person gaming genre 1998-2007. Assessing the role, function, gameplay significance and representational characteristics of these critical important gameplay objects from over 34 major releases provides an important set of baseline data within which to situate further research. This kind of extensive, genre-wide analysis is under-represented in game studies, yet it represents a hugely important process in forming clear and robust illustrations of the medium to support understanding. Thus, I offer a fragment of this illustration, demonstrating that many of the cultural and diegetic qualities of PNPCs are a product of a self-assembling set of archetypes formed from gameplay requirements.
Really Fake: The Magic Circle, the Mundane Circle, and the Everyday
Authors: Zimmerman Joshua
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on how the “everyday" has colonized and complicated the virtual world. Using examples drawn primarily from Sony Online Entertainment's Everquest 2, I explore the way that both the institutional force of the everyday and mundane objects such as tables and chairs have come to be a major part of play in MMORPGs. In exploring these topics, I consider the possibility of a "mundane circle" in which mundane objects and activities exist in a fantasy setting. I also examine how the presence of these mundane objects refreshes the fantasy world. In the end, I question whether play can truly be called so when the virtual world is so reminiscent of the real world.
Why so serious? On the relation of serious games and learning
Authors: Breuer Johannes S. , Bente Gary
Published: March 2022

Serious games have become a key segment in the games market as well as in academic research. Although the number of games that identify themselves as belonging to this category as well as the research done on their effects has been rapidly growing, there has thus far been no attempt to define all of the various opportunities that digital games provide for learning. To address this issue we look at existing definitions of serious games and their potential for learning. We identify the shortcomings of existing definitions and typologies. We discuss opportunities for an educational use of serious games which have been marginalized so far and develop a more flexible classification system for serious games in order to include commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) games for learning purposes and description options for future developments of gaming technology. This classification system for digital and serious games uses labels and tags as a preferable solution instead of fixed genre categories. The aim of this paper is to move the focus from what serious games and their uses for learning currently are to what they can be.