bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The optimal triangulation method is not really optimal
Authors: Nasiri Seyed‐Mahdi , Hosseini Reshad , Moradi Hadi
Published: May 2023

Triangulation refers to the problem of finding a 3D point from its 2D projections on multiple images taken at different camera poses. For solving this problem, it is a common practice to use the so‐called optimal triangulation method. But, the method can be optimal only if we assume no uncertainty in the camera parameters. In this paper, an extensive comparison between various existing methods for the calibrated cameras is performed, in which different poses are considered. Furthermore, uncertainty sensitivity analysis is conducted for extrinsic parameters of cameras. The results show that the optimal triangulation method is actually not the best choice when there is uncertainty in extrinsic parameters. Interestingly, it can be observed that the simple midpoint method works equally well or outperforms the optimal triangulation and many other methods. Apart from its high performance, the midpoint method has a simple closed form solution for multiple views while the optimal triangulation method is hard to be used for more than two views. Therefore, in contrast to the common practice, we argue that the simple midpoint method can be a good choice in the structure‐from‐motion process where there is uncertainty in extrinsic camera parameters.
Deep learning-based deconvolution for interferometric radio transient reconstruction
Authors: Chiche Benjamin Naoto , Girard Julien N. , Frontera-Pons Joana , Woiselle Arnaud , Starck Jean-Luc
Published: May 2023

Context. Radio astronomy is currently thriving with new large ground-based radio telescopes coming online in preparation for the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Facilities like LOFAR, MeerKAT/SKA, ASKAP/SKA, and the future SKA-LOW bring tremendous sensitivity in time and frequency, improved angular resolution, and also high-rate data streams that need to be processed. They enable advanced studies of radio transients, volatile by nature, that can be detected or missed in the data. These transients are markers of high-energy accelerations of electrons and manifest in a wide range of temporal scales (e.g., from milliseconds for pulsars or fast radio bursts to several hours or days for accreting systems). Usually studied with dynamic spectroscopy of time series analysis, there is a motivation to search for such sources in large interferometric datasets. This requires efficient and robust signal reconstruction algorithms.

Aims. To correctly account for the temporal dependency of the data, we improve the classical image deconvolution inverse problem by adding the temporal dependency in the reconstruction problem, and we propose a solution based on deep learning.

Methods. We introduce two novel neural network architectures that can do both spatial and temporal modeling of the data and the instrumental response. Then, we simulate representative time-dependent image cubes of point source distributions and realistic telescope pointings of MeerKAT to generate toy models to build the training, validation, and test datasets. Finally, based on the test data, we evaluate the source profile reconstruction performance of the proposed methods and classical image deconvolution algorithm CLEAN applied frame-by-frame.

Results. In the presence of increasing noise level in data frame, the proposed methods display a high level of robustness compared to frame-by-frame imaging with CLEAN. The deconvolved image cubes bring a factor of 3 improvement in fidelity of the recovered temporal profiles and a factor of 2 improvement in background denoising.

Conclusions. The proposed neural networks are not iterative and can benefit from efficient GPU-based architectures. Consequently, they could unlock the development of real-time data processing at the initial cost of learning the behavior of the telescope. Radio observatories are performing sky surveys to produce deep images in ever larger fields of view, increasing the transient source access window both spatially and temporally. Our method can effectively capture the temporal structures that are present in such survey data.
WHIM-hunting through cross-correlations between optical and SZ effect data in the Virgo cluster filaments
Authors: Erciyes Cagri , Basu Kaustuv , Kim Suk , Rey Soo-Chang
Published: May 2023

Context. The physical state of most of the baryonic matter in the local universe is unknown, commonly referred to as the “missing baryon problem”. It has been theorized that at least half of these missing baryons are in a warm-hot, low-density phase, outside of the virialized dark-matter halos.

Aims. We attempted to find the signature of this warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) phase in the filaments of the nearby Virgo cluster by using optical and Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect data.

Methods. Specifically, we used a filament-galaxy catalog created from the HyperLeda database and an all-sky Compton-y map extracted from the Planck satellite data for two-dimensional cross-correlation analysis by applying a spherical harmonics transform. The significance test is based on the null-test simulations, which exploits advanced cut-sky analysis tools for a proper map reconstruction. To place upper limits on the WHIM density in the Virgo filaments, realistic baryonic density modeling within the cosmic filaments was done based on state-of-the-art hydro-simulations, within the signal-boosting routine.

Results. The cross-correlation signal is found to be too dim compared to the noise level in the Plancky-map. At a 3 σ confidence level, the upper limit on volume-average WHIM density turns out to be ⟨ ne ⟩< 4 × 10−4 cm−3, which is indeed consistent with the WHIM parameter space, as predicted from simulations.
Progéniteurs luminaux prostatiques
Authors: Dariane Charles , Baures Manon , Anract Julien , Delongchamps Nicolas Barry , Guidotti Jacques-Emmanuel , Goffin Vincent
Published: May 2023

Les traitements médicaux de l’hyperplasie bénigne et du cancer de la prostate reposent essentiellement sur l’inhibition de la signalisation androgénique. Bien qu’initialement efficaces, ces traitements sont tôt ou tard confrontés à une résistance thérapeutique. Des données récentes de séquençage d’ARN sur cellules uniques montrent que les cellules luminales survivant à la déprivation androgénique dans ces contextes pathologiques présentent un profil moléculaire semblable à celui de cellules luminales progénitrices, présentes en faible quantité dans un contexte physiologique. Ce profil moléculaire pourrait constituer un hub de résistance à la castration et résulter, en partie, de la reprogrammation des cellules luminales tumorales. L’inhibition thérapeutique de cette plasticité cellulaire constitue une piste prometteuse pour limiter la progression du cancer prostatique.
Toxicité des immunothérapies anti-cancéreuses
Authors: Rouvet Guillaume , Lambotte Olivier
Published: May 2023

Le développement des inhibiteurs des points de contrôle immunitaires représente aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur en cancérologie en termes de gestion des toxicités induites par ces molécules qui ciblent des mécanismes moléculaires clés de la tolérance immunitaire, que les tumeurs détournent pour échapper à la surveillance immunitaire. Les effets secondaires de ces molécules peuvent affecter, avec des fréquences variées - et parfois très à distance de l’administration - l’ensemble des organes. Dans cette revue, nous présentons les différents effets secondaires de ces traitements et les grands principes de leur prise en charge actuelle.
Relevanz der Arbeitsgedächtnisfähigkeit während der CI-Rehabilitation
Authors: Fengler Anja , Fuchs Michael , Tretbar Kathleen
Published: May 2023

Sprachverstehen unter erschwerten Bedingungen erfordert die Integration multimodaler Informationen. Das Arbeitsgedächtnis stellt die dafür notwendigen Ressourcen zur Verfügung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dargestellt, welchen Benefit postlingual ertaubte Erwachsene nach CI-Versorgung durch Implementierung eines auditorisch-kognitiven Trainings in den Rehabilitationsprozess erhalten können.
Prüfungsthema: Gefäße
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2023

Liebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Ödeme
Authors: Spajic Emilia , Blume Ralf , Stern Cornelia , Dichtl Karoline
Published: May 2023

Experten stellen Behandlungsstrategien aus der TCM, der Homöopathie, Spagyrik und Schüßlertherapie vor.
Arterielle Gefäßerkrankungen
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2023

Arterielle Gefäßerkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten Todesursachen. Je nachdem, welche Teile der arteriellen Strukturen betroffen sind, lassen sich verschiedene Unterformen der Arteriosklerose unterscheiden. Die wichtigste Unterform ist die Atherosklerose, deren Entstehung komplex und bis heute nicht komplett geklärt ist. Zwei Hypothesen stehen hierbei im Fokus. Abhängig von verschiedenen Risikofaktoren kann die Arteriosklerose zu verschiedenen akuten Komplikationen führen und eine Reihe chronischer Folgekrankheiten bedingen.
Von Kopf bis Fuß
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2023

Gefäßerkrankungen können chronisch verlaufen, aber auch akute Ausprägungen haben, die lebensbedrohlich sind. Alle Bereiche des Körpers – vom Gehirn bis zu den unteren Extremitäten – können von diesen Notfällen betroffen sein. Es ist wichtig, die Symptome zu erkennen und umgehend zu handeln.
Differenzialdiagnosen des Lymphsystems
Authors: Niemeyer Maria
Published: May 2023

Das Lymphsystem durchzieht als „sekundäres Einbahnstraßen-Gefäßsystem“ den Körper und übernimmt zentrale Aufgaben im Bereich Immunsystem, Nährstofftransport und Entsorgung. Zu den wichtigen Differenzialdiagnosen zählen Lymphangitis, (Non-)Hodgkin-Lymphome und Multiple Myelome. Viel häufiger weisen Auffälligkeiten im Lymphbereich – insbesondere Lymphknotenschwellungen und Lymphödeme – jedoch auf Erkrankungen außerhalb des Lymphsystems hin. Generalisierte oder lokale Veränderungen von Lymphknoten hinsichtlich Druckdolenz, Verschieblichkeit, Schwellung und Konsistenz lassen auf verschiedene Pathologien schließen, darunter Infektionen, Malignome und Autoimmunerkrankungen.
QS ENDO Pilot – A Study by the Stiftung Endometrioseforschung (SEF) on the Quality of Care Provided to Patients with Endometriosis in Certified Endometriosis Centers
in the DACH Region
Authors: Meinhold-Heerlein Ivo , Zeppernick Magdalena , Wölfler Monika Martina , Janschek Elisabeth , Bornemann Sebastian , Holtmann Laura , Oehmke Frank , Salehin Darius , Scheible Chi Mi , Brandes Iris , Vingerhagen-Pethick Sigrid , Cornelius Claus-Peter , Boosz Alexander , Krämer Bernhard , Sillem Martin , Bühler Klaus , Keckstein Jörg , Schweppe Karl-Werner , Zeppernick Felix ,   for the AG QS Endo of the Stiftung Endometrioseforschung (SEF)
Published: May 2023

Introduction Endometriosis significantly reduces patientsʼ quality of life and is additionally a burden on healthcare and social security systems. There are currently no quality
indicators for the treatment of endometriosis. The care of patients with endometriosis must be considered inadequate. QS ENDO aims to record the quality of care available in the DACH region
and to introduce quality indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis as part of providing quality assurance in endometriosis care. The first phase, QS ENDO Real, recorded the
reality of current care using a questionnaire. The second phase, QS ENDO Pilot, investigated the treatment of 435 patients who underwent surgical treatment within a defined one month period
in certified endometriosis centers.

Material and Methods An online tool was used to gather information about 9 points which covered both prior patient history and the process of clinical diagnosis. Surgery reports were
reviewed to obtain information about the surgical approach, the investigated sites, findings of any histological examinations, the use of classification systems, and information about
resection status.

Results 85.3% of patients were asked all 4 questions about their prior medical history. All 5 diagnostic steps were carried out in 34.5% of patients. The 3 areas needed to describe
potential sites of disease were recorded in 67.1% of patients. Samples for histological examination were taken in 84.1% of patients. The endometriosis stage was classified in 94.7% of
surgeries. A combination of the rASRM and the ENZIAN classifications, which is needed for complex cases, was used in 46.1% of patients. Complete resection was achieved in 81.6% of surgical
procedures.

Conclusion For the first time, the quality of care in certified endometriosis centers has been recorded using QS ENDO Pilot. Despite the high certification standards, a substantial
number of required indicators were omitted.
Initialing Circularly Polarized Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Purely Organic Luminophore Aggregate
Authors: He Zikai , Huang Wenbin
Published: May 2023

The newly emerging field of circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence (CP-RTP) has experienced rapid growth due to the intriguing photophysical properties and wide-ranging potential applications of such materials. Of particular interest are the purely organic CP-RTPs, as they offer excellent biocompatibility, versatile tunability, and cost-effectiveness. These materials show promising applications in fields including biological imaging, photodiodes, intelligent sensing, information storage, and three-dimensional displays. To deepen our understanding of the luminescence mechanism and broaden the envisioned scope, herein, we summarize them based on chirality character, including point, axial, planar, and other chiral systems. This review aims to scrutinize missing clues and envision future development in the area.

1 Introduction

2 Photophysics of CP-RTP

3 Purely Organic CP-RTP Materials

3.1 CP-RTP Systems based on Point Chirality

3.2 CP-RTP Systems based on Axial Chirality

3.3 CP-RTP Systems based on Planar Chirality and Others

4 Conclusion
Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Combination Therapy Consisting of Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Corticosteroids versus Respective Monotherapies in the Treatment of Relapsed ITP in Adults
Authors: Fang Lijun , Sun Jing , Zhao Yongqiang , Hou Ming , Wu Depei , Chen Yunfei , Yang Renchi , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2023

Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy, consisting of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and corticosteroids, in comparison to respective monotherapies in the treatment of relapsed immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults.

Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted on 205 adult patients with relapsed ITP who received first-line combination therapy or monotherapy in multiple centers across China from January 2010 to December 2022. The study evaluated the patients' clinical characteristics, efficacy, and safety.

Results We found that the proportion of patients with platelet counts in complete response was significantly higher in the combination group (71.83%) compared with the IVIg group (43.48%) and the corticosteroids group (23.08%). The mean PLTmax in the combination group (178 × 109/L) was significantly higher than that in the IVIg group (109 × 109/L) and the corticosteroids group (76 × 109/L). Additionally, the average time for platelet counts to reach 30 × 109/L, 50 × 109/L, and 100 × 109/L in the combination group was significantly shorter than in the monotherapy groups. The proportion curves for reaching these platelet counts during treatment were also significantly different from those in the monotherapy groups. However, there were no significant differences in the effective rate, clinical characteristics, and adverse events among the three groups.

Conclusion We concluded that combining IVIg and corticosteroids was a more effective and faster treatment for relapsed ITP in adults than using either therapy alone. The findings of this study provided clinical evidence and reference for the use of first-line combination therapy in the treatment of relapsed ITP in adults.
Rapid quench piston cylinder apparatus: An improved design for the recovery of volatile-rich geological glasses from experiments at 0.5–2.5 GPa
Authors: Ezad Isra S. , Shcheka Svyatoslav S. , Buhre Stephan , Buhre Andreas , Gorojovsky Lauren R. , Shea Joshua J. , Förster Michael W. , Foley Stephen F.
Published: May 2023

The accurate and precise determination of the compositions of silicate glasses formed from melts containing volatile components H2O and CO2 recovered from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments is essential to our understanding of geodynamic processes taking place within the planet. Silicate melts are often difficult to analyze chemically because the formation of quench crystals and overgrowths on silicate phases is rapid and widespread upon quenching of experiments, preventing the formation of glasses in low-SiO2 and volatile-rich compositions. Here, we present experiments conducted in a novel rapid quench piston cylinder apparatus on a series of partially molten low-silica alkaline rock compositions (lamproite, basanite, and calk-alkaline basalt) with a range of water contents between 3.5 and 10 wt %. Quench modification of the volatile-bearing silicate glasses is significantly reduced compared to those produced in older piston cylinder apparatuses. The recovered glasses are almost completely free of quench modification and facilitate the determination of precise chemical compositions. We illustrate significantly improved quench textures and provide an analytical protocol that recovers accurate chemical compositions from both poorly quenched and well-quenched silicate glasses.
Trace class operators and states in p-adic quantum mechanics
Authors: Aniello Paolo , Mancini Stefano , Parisi Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

Within the framework of quantum mechanics over a quadratic extension of the non-Archimedean field of p-adic numbers, we provide a definition of a quantum state relying on a general algebraic approach and on a p-adic model of probability theory. As in the standard complex case, a distinguished set of physical states are related to a notion of trace for a certain class of bounded operators, and in fact, we show that one can define a suitable space of trace class operators in the non-Archimedean setting, as well. The analogies—but also the several (highly non-trivial) differences—with respect to the case of standard quantum mechanics in a complex Hilbert space are analyzed.
Quantum diamond microscopy with optimized magnetic field sensitivity and sub-ms temporal resolution
Authors: Oh Sangwon , Lee Seong-Joo , Shim Jeong Hyun , Song Nam Woong , Hien Truong Thi
Published: May 2023

Quantum diamond magnetometers using lock-in detection have successfully detected weak bio-magnetic fields from neurons, a live mammalian muscle, and a live mouse heart. This opens up the possibility of quantum diamond magnetometers visualizing microscopic distributions of the bio-magnetic fields. Here, we demonstrate a lock-in-based widefield quantum diamond microscopy, achieving a mean volume-normalized per-pixel sensitivity of 43.9 nTμm1.5/Hz0.5. We optimize the sensitivity by implementing a double resonance with hyperfine driving and magnetic field alignment along the ⟨001⟩ orientation of the diamond. Additionally, we show that sub-ms temporal resolution (∼0.4 ms) can be achieved while keeping the per-pixel sensitivity at a few tens of nanotesla per second using quantum diamond microscopy. This lock-in-based diamond quantum microscopy could be a step forward in mapping functional activity in neuronal networks in micrometer spatial resolution.
Simulation study on the influence of metal contact and MOS interface trap states on the electrical characteristics of SiC IGBT
Authors: Huang Lingqin , Liu Xinchao , Zhu Jing , Wang Yaohua
Published: May 2023

A 13 kV class n-channel 4H–SiC trench gate insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) structure is designed based on Silvaco TCAD device simulator tool. The influence of metal/SiC and SiC MOS interface trap states on the static and dynamic characteristics of SiC IGBT devices are systematically studied. It is found that the electrical properties of SiC IGBTs are insensitive to the donor or acceptor traps at the interface of metal/SiC and the donor traps at the SiC/SiO2 interface. However, the acceptor traps at the SiC/SiO2 interface affect the electrical properties of SiC IGBTs greatly. When the acceptor trap density at the SiC/SiO2 interface (Dita) is up to the level of 1012 cm−2·eV−1, the turn-on voltage drop (VCEON) is increased gradually with the augmentation of Dita. The breakdown voltage (VBR) of the device is increased slightly. Further study of the device’s turn-off characteristics shows that the turn-off loss (EOFF) is decreased with the increase in Dita but a large tail current is formed. The mechanism may be that when the electrons are injected from the N+ source region into the N− drift region, the SiC/SiO2 interfacial acceptor traps at the side wall of trench gate capture a large number of electrons. As a result, the minority carrier concentration is decreased, and the conductance modulation effect on the N− drift region is weakened.
An overview of pyroelectric photodetector: Photoresponse mechanisms and applications
Authors: Tian Junlong
Published: May 2023

Recently, pyroelectric materials have gained significant interest for energy harvesting, sensing and detection, and so on. For photodetection, pyroelectric photodetectors show great advantages due to high-performance photo-sensing without an external bias voltage. In this review, the pyroelectric coefficients and three types of important figure of merits are introduced. Moreover, the work mechanisms of pyroelectric photodetectors, including light-induced pyroelectric effect, pyroelectric-photoelectric coupled effect, photovoltaic-pyroelectric coupled effect, pyro-phototronic effect, ferro-pyro-phototronic effect, pyro-phototronic and piezo-phototronic coupling effects, and photo-pyroelectric-thermoelectric effect, are systematically summarized. Finally, the survey of the pyroelectric applications for photoresponse is presented, which divided the pyroelectric photoresponse into four major categories consisting ultraviolet detecting, visible detecting, infrared detection, and broadband detection. This review provides a detailed analysis and summarization of the work mechanisms of pyroelectric photodetectors and the photoresponse applications, which will provide significant guidance and inspiration toward designing the improved pyroelectric photodetectors.
Investigations of point defect and interface in cg-N under high-pressure
Authors: Zhai Zhenyang , Chen Guo , Zhang Jie , Wang Xianlong , Zeng Zhi
Published: May 2023

The properties of cg-N with point defects and an interface are investigated based on the first-principles method. Our results show that at 0 GPa, the stability of cavities depends on their size. A smaller cavity has higher stability than the larger case. The decomposition of N2 molecules mainly occurs on the (110) surface of the cavity. However, the decomposition process will be suppressed by applying high-pressure. For the interface constructed by (110) surfaces, N2 molecules will be released at low pressure, and polymerization of N2 molecules with surfaces is triggered by loading pressures of 80–100 Gpa, giving rise to a stable polymerized interface, which is also stable after decreasing the pressure to 0 GPa. The results indicate that the existence of polymeric nitrogen networks can enhance the polymerization of N2 molecules at low-temperature.
A fully quantum-mechanical treatment for kaolinite
Authors: Shepherd Sam , Tribello Gareth A. , Wilkins David M.
Published: May 2023

Neural network potentials for kaolinite minerals have been fitted to data extracted from density functional theory calculations that were performed using the revPBE + D3 and revPBE + vdW functionals. These potentials have then been used to calculate the static and dynamic properties of the mineral. We show that revPBE + vdW is better at reproducing the static properties. However, revPBE + D3 does a better job of reproducing the experimental IR spectrum. We also consider what happens to these properties when a fully quantum treatment of the nuclei is employed. We find that nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) do not make a substantial difference to the static properties. However, when NQEs are included, the dynamic properties of the material change substantially.
Elevating the energy efficiency for the power-to-ammonia conversion: Role of oxygen evolution reaction kinetics
Authors: Biswas Ashmita , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: May 2023

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is imperatively countered with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on a conventional Pt counter electrode. Upon focusing on the development of suitable cathode catalysts, it is usually overseen that OER on Pt seeks a significant energy input to overcome the slow reaction kinetics, regardless of the efficiency of the NRR catalyst. Here, we unveil an out-of-the-box concept with state-of-the-art catalysts that, on pursuing OER with RuO2 in KOH, the NRR process reinforces thermodynamically. In this work, it has been shown how both the electrode and electrolyte simultaneously help to elevate a reaction mechanism in terms of Gibbs’ energy and equilibrium constant. As a proof of concept, we assembled RuO2 with an NRR catalyst, iron phthalocyanine (FePc), in an electrolyzer, preferably in a two-electrode setup, where the catholyte consisted of 0.5M NaBF4. This system achieved selective cathodic conversion of N2 to NH3 with 67.6% Faradaic efficiency at 0.0 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and simultaneous anodic water oxidation to O2 with a high electricity-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 46.7%. The electrolyzer forecasted a full cell voltage of 2.04 V, which demands only 603 mV overpotential to attain 0.5 mA current to drive forward the chemical equilibrium of the overall cell reaction. This study not only emphasized the importance of electrode–electrolyte improvisation but also provided a wider outlook in terms of different thermodynamic parameters to be considered to determine the efficiency of the overall NRR coupled OER process.
A method for calculating the discovery time of ballistic missiles detected by an infrared early warning satellite
Authors: Zhang Taotao , Chen Weiyi , Fang Dengjian
Published: May 2023

To determine the high dynamic change characteristics of the relative space position between a ballistic missile and an early warning satellite during detection, a centric motion model of the ballistic missile and the early warning satellite are established first. Then, the space geometric relationship is presented. Based on the gray body radiation characteristics, the calculation model of the infrared radiation characteristics of the ballistic missile in the boost phase is established. Then, a method of early warning satellite detection and discrimination considering geometric visibility and infrared visibility is proposed. Finally, the simulation and key factor comparison analysis are carried out with a typical early warning satellite, infrared detector, and ballistic missile data. Validation results show that this method can quickly and accurately calculate the discovery time and flight height of ballistic missiles detected by early warning satellites. The validation results reveal that the missile trajectory and detection bands have a significant effect on the discovery time, and the discovery time in the 2.7 µm band is earlier than that in the 4.3 µm band for the same missile trajectory. It is also found that the change in SNRth between 4.24 and 7.58 has limited influence (less than 2 s) on the discovery time. The research conclusions have important significance for improving the detection strategy of ballistic missile defense. It can also provide support for optimizing missile trajectories.
Identification and prediction of functions for drought-responsive microRNAs in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)
Authors: Zou Chunlei , Guo Zhiqiang , Zhao Shanshan , Chen Jishuai
Published: May 2023

Context Drought is a common abiotic stress affecting crop yield and quality worldwide. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a temperate crop that contributes greatly to world sucrose production and is affected by frequent drought. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in plant abiotic stress responses. Protein-coding genes associated with drought resistance have been identified in sugar beet; however, studies on miRNAs involved in drought stress response are lacking. Aims The present study focused on analysing miRNAs in sugar beet and their roles in drought stress response. Method Small-RNA libraries were constructed from leaves of plants subjected to drought stress and well-watered conditions. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the genome-wide quantity of miRNAs and identify possible drought response regulatory effects. Key results Deep sequencing identified 49 known miRNAs and 59 new miRNAs. According to the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the sulfur relay system was significantly enriched under drought stress. Co-regulated pairs between miR156a-5p, novel_18 and novel_41, and their target genes BVRB_6g136190, BVRB_009610 and BVRB_6g136680 were observed, suggesting a negative feedback modulation involved in the miRNA pathways. Conclusions Our results indicate that certain metabolic pathways such as the sulfur relay system are activated under drought conditions. Implications The results aid understanding of the mechanisms of drought response at the molecular level and may enable tools to be devised that enhance drought resistance in sugar beet.
Drivers of California’s changing wildfires: a state-of-the-knowledge synthesis
Authors: MacDonald Glen , Wall Tamara , Enquist Carolyn A. F. , LeRoy Sarah R. , Bradford John B. , Breshears David D. , Brown Timothy , Cayan Daniel , Dong Chunyu , Falk Donald A. , Fleishman Erica , Gershunov Alexander , Hunter Molly , Loehman Rachel A. , van Mantgem Phillip J. , Middleton Beth Rose , Safford Hugh D. , Schwartz Mark W. , Trouet Valerie
Published: May 2023

Over the past four decades, annual area burned has increased significantly in California and across the western USA. This trend reflects a confluence of intersecting factors that affect wildfire regimes. It is correlated with increasing temperatures and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit. Anthropogenic climate change is the driver behind much of this change, in addition to influencing other climate-related factors, such as compression of the winter wet season. These climatic trends and associated increases in fire activity are projected to continue into the future. Additionally, factors related to the suppression of the Indigenous use of fire, aggressive fire suppression and, in some cases, changes in logging practices or fuel management intensity, collectively have produced large build-ups of vegetative fuels in some ecosystems. Human activities provide the most common ignition source for California’s wildfires. Despite its human toll, fire provides a range of ecological benefits to many California ecosystems. Given the diversity of vegetation types and fire regimes found in the state, addressing California’s wildfire challenges will require multi-faceted and locally targeted responses in terms of fuel management, human-caused ignitions, building regulations and restrictions, integrative urban and ecosystem planning, and collaboration with Tribes to support the reinvigoration of traditional burning regimes.
Understanding and appraising ‘hate speech’
Authors: Vilar-Lluch Sara
Published: May 2023

Hate speech has become a matter of international concern, permeating institutional and lay discussions alike. Yet,
exactly what it means to refer to a linguistic act as ‘hate speech’ remains unclear. This paper examines the lay understanding of
hate speech, focusing on (1) the relationship between hate speech and hate, and (2) the relationship between hate speech and
offensive speech. As part of the second question, the paper considers how hate speech is defined as a legal matter in the UK
Public Order Act 1986. The study adopts a corpus-based discourse analysis approach and examines 255 hate speech-related news
articles and the general English Web 2020 corpus. Hate speech is a complex multifaceted phenomenon; while ‘hate’
is one of its core characteristics, it is not sufficient to assess a certain behaviour as hate speech. Threats, denigration of the
targets based on a protected characteristic (age, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, disability), the potential to cause
harm and the intent to stir up hatred are also essential in distinguishing hate speech and offense.
Perceiving the organisation through a coding scheme
Authors: Nissi Riikka , Lehtinen Esa
Published: May 2023

In contemporary organisations, managerial expertise is increasingly viewed as an ability to reflect on activities, processes and human relations within organisational life in order to gain a systemic understanding of the workings of the organisation. This article examines the interactional practices of a consultant-led management training where steering groups of an organisation have a task of gaining such expertise. The article investigates how managerial expertise is constructed and negotiated in training interaction as the groups categorise their managerial actions through a specific coding scheme. The analysis shows that the use of the coding scheme is contingent on being able to display access to organisational processes and activities, connecting general managerial knowledge to specific, local knowledge of the organisation and moving from ‘knowing-that’ to ‘knowing-how’ type of knowledge.
Bilingual subtitling in streaming media
Authors: Gouleti Katerina
Published: May 2023

This article explores bilingual subtitling, a relatively under-researched mode of audiovisual translation, and its role in the ever-evolving landscape of global media streaming. Originally used for cinema productions in officially bilingual countries and international film festivals, bilingual subtitling has now resurfaced as a response to the growing affordances of streaming media. This article investigates the proliferation of bilingual subtitling tools and practices in different contexts, from PC-based tools and Chrome extensions that add bilingual subtitle features to streaming platforms (Netflix, YouTube) to amateur (optionally bilingual) subtitling streaming services (Viki Rakuten), video sharing websites (Bilibili), and online channels with open bilingual subtitles embedded in their videos (Easy Languages). Bilingual subtitling is further promoted as a pedagogical tool for foreign-language learning that matches the expectations of contemporary learners, especially ‘digital natives’ who have grown up with new online modalities. The conventional ways in which audiences used to engage with audiovisual content have, arguably, been superseded as streaming platforms that offer an abundance of options in terms of language and content are gradually reshaping viewing patterns. Shifting away from long-established patterns of passive TV consumption, this article also sets out to present online collaborations and initiatives that seek to incorporate bilingual subtitles in language learning while promoting the active participation of the audience within the emerging media streaming landscape.
An accurate many-body expansion potential energy surface for HO2 (X
2A″) by extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and quantum dynamics of the related reaction O(3P) + OH(2Π)
Authors: Lü Yanling , Zhang Chengyuan , Guo Qiang , Li Yongqing
Published: May 2023

A new global many-body expansion potential energy surface (PES) for the ground electronic state of HO2 is constructed. All ab initio energy points are employed using aug-cc-pV(Q+ d)Z and aug-cc-pV(5+ d)Z basis sets at the multi-reference conformational interaction level and then extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The topographic characteristics of the global PES for HO2 (X
2A″) are discussed in detail and compared with experimental results, showing good agreement. We subsequently consider the O(3P) + OH(2Π) → O2(3

Σ

g

−

) + H(2S) reaction using the time-dependent wave packet method and calculate dynamics behaviors, including the vibration–rotation distribution and reaction probabilities. The results indicate that the new PES is suitable for dynamics investigations of O(3P) + OH(2Π) → O2(3

Σ

g

−

) + H(2S) and can be used as a component for PESs to construct larger oxygen/hydrogen containing systems.
Tuning aggregation state in PTMA/PVP blends for high energy storage
Authors: Feng Yang , Li Mingru , Shang Kai , Niu Huan , Lu Guanghao , Li Shengtao
Published: May 2023

Dielectric capacitors supported by all-organic materials show great potentials in advanced electronic and electric devices. However, the contradiction between increases in dielectric constant and breakdown strength severely prevents the development of high-performance all-organic materials. Here, simultaneous increases in dielectric constant and breakdown strength are achieved in the blend of poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) (PTMA) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) by tuning the aggregation state. Given the film formability and polarity, PVP is blended into the high-dielectric constant PTMA as a binder to further improve the dielectric properties. An energy density of 8.6 J cm−3 is eventually obtained in the blend with 10% PVP loading owing to its excellent dielectric properties. Combination of the enhanced dipole polarization from the discontinuous PVP aggregations and space charge polarization resulting from the charge transfer between nitroxide radicals (–NO·) leads to high dielectric constant of 14.6 for the blend. The maximum optical direct energy band gap derived from the discontinuous PVP aggregation in the blend also allows for the highest breakdown strength of 365 MV m−1. These results demonstrate that high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength of the blend are attributed to the discontinuous PVP aggregations. It opens a new avenue for exploring all-organic blends with excellent energy storage performance.
Implementation strategies in phonopy and phono3py
Authors: Togo Atsushi , Chaput Laurent , Tadano Terumasa , Tanaka Isao
Published: May 2023

Scientific simulation codes are public property sustained by the community. Modern technology allows anyone to join scientific software projects, from anywhere, remotely via the internet. The phonopy and phono3py codes are widely used open-source phonon calculation codes. This review describes a collection of computational methods and techniques implemented in these codes and shows their implementation strategies as a whole, aiming to be useful for the community. Some of the techniques presented here are not limited to phonon calculations and may therefore be useful in other areas of condensed matter physics.
Theoretical modeling and optimization of the plateau force of tubular anti-tetrachiral structures
Authors: Zhang Chuanbiao , Lu Fucong , Wu Jie , Liu Xiaohong , Zhu Yilin
Published: May 2023

Modern engineering has an increasing demand for engineering structures with various desired properties. Metamaterials are endowed with multiple functions by changing the type of structural unit cell or geometric parameters, and show many advantages over traditional materials. However, there exists a gap in the research of the compressive theory of tubular anti-tetrachiral structure. In this study, we investigated the deformation theory of tubular anti-tetrachiral structure subjected to quasi-static compression. We derived the expressions for the plateau stress and plateau length of the structure, and analyzed the impact of geometric parameters on the safety parameters (i.e. plateau stress and plateau length). We performed multi-objective optimization within a limited range of geometric parameters and obtained a set of parameters that increased the plateau stress and plateau length by 244.24% and 3.25%, respectively, when compared to the initial parameters. Our findings provide a foundation for the application of tubular anti-tetrachiral structure.
A multifunctional hybrid extrinsic–intrinsic self-healing laminated composites
Authors: Konlan John , Feng Xiaming , Li Guoqiang
Published: May 2023

Damage healing in fiber reinforced thermoset polymer composites has been generally divided into intrinsic healing by the polymer itself and extrinsic healing by incorporation of external healing agent. In this study, we propose to use a hybrid extrinsic-intrinsic self-healing strategy to heal delamination in laminated composite induced by low velocity impact. Especially, we propose to use an intrinsic self-healing thermoset vitrimer as an external healing agent, to heal delamination in laminated thermoset polymer composites. To this purpose, we designed and synthesized a new vitrimer, machined it into powders, and strategically sprayed a layer of vitrimer powders at the interface between the laminas during manufacturing. Also, a thermoset shape memory polymer with fire-proof property was used as the matrix. As a result, incorporation of about 3% by volume of vitrimer powders made the laminate exhibit multifunctionalities such as repeated delamination healing, excellent shape memory effect, improved toughness and impact tolerance, and decent fire-proof properties. In particular, the novel vitrimer powder imparted the laminate with first cycle and second cycle delamination healing efficiencies of 98.06% and 85.93%, respectively. The laminate also exhibited high recovery stress of 65.6 MPa. This multifunctional composite laminate has a great potential in various engineering applications, for example, actuators, robotics, deployable structures, and smart fire-proof structures.
Phase transitions in transition-metal dichalcogenides with strain: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Rui-Qi , Mi Jiu-Long , Wang Bo-Jing , Hou Yi-Na , Liu Lin , Shi Yan-Nan , Song Yu-Shan , Jin Chen-Dong , Zhang Hu , Gong Peng-Lai , Lian Ru-Qian , Wang Jiang-Long , Shi Xing-Qiang , Wang Rui-Ning
Published: May 2023

It is well known that monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (MX2, M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) could exist in three common structures, i.e. 1T,1T′, and 1Hphases. In order to reveal their possible phase transitions driven by biaxial strain, we use first-principles calculations to determine the energy landscapes associated with these three phases. Due to its intrinsic dynamical instability, the centrosymmetric 1Tphase is known to be metastable and will transform into the1T′phase where pairs of metal atoms pull together toward each other. Moreover, controlling the metallic1T′and semiconducting 1Hphases is of particular interest as this can introduce novel opportunities in a series of applications. When a biaxial strain is simultaneously compressed along the zigzag direction and stretched along the armchair direction, phase transitions from 1Hto1T′have occurred in MSe2and MoTe2, but for MSe2the biaxial strain is much difficult to realize in experiments. For WTe2, the1T′structure will transform into the 1Hform when a biaxial strain is just compressed along the armchair direction. The transitions between 1Hand1T′phases could be attributed to the changes of metal-chalcogen bonds along the armchair direction by analyzing the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population. Only half M-X bonds along the armchair direction is the main factor, because their lengths are robust in1T′phase and decrease in 1Hform with the tensile strain applied along the armchair direction. Our findings provide a guideline for the phase engineering of transition-metal dichalcogenides with biaxial strain.
A review of mechanical and tribological properties of Ni3Al-based coatings-synthesis and high-temperature behavior
Authors: Tiwari Sunil Kumar , Rao Akula Umamaheswara , Kharb Archana Singh , Chawla Amit Kumar , Avasthi Devesh Kumar
Published: May 2023

Ni-based superalloys and thin films have drawn the attention of researchers because of their extraordinary properties. In particular, Nickel Aluminides like Ni3Al thin films show excellent mechanical and tribological properties. They are good candidates for high-temperature applications as they show excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance properties. Several researchers have synthesized Ni3Al thin films via Chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD) and physical vapor deposition methods (PVD). Most of them have synthesized Ni3Al thin film via magnetron sputtering because of microstructural homogeneity and less contamination achieved by this process. To achieve better properties of these films, many alterations in terms of deposition parameters and doping have been experimented by researchers. This work reflects the review of work done in the area of depositing Ni3Al-based thin films via different techniques for high-temperature applications.
Asymmetric modulation instability in nonlinear metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Asma Mir , Shafeeque Ali A K
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we explore the formation of asymmetric modulation instability spectrum in the metamaterials as a result of the joined effect of self-steepening and intra-pulse Raman scattering. In general, the modulation instability gain spectrum is symmetric about the zero perturbation frequency. Here we observe asymmetric modulation instability gain spectrum and the asymmetry depends on the sign of the refractive index of the medium. When the refractive index of the medium is negative the band with high modulation instability gain is observed at positive detuning frequency regime in contrast to the case of positive refractive index regime where the band with high modulation instability gain is present at a negative detuning frequency regime. This preponderance is attributed to the opposite directionality of phase velocity and energy flow in a negative index material. Our study provides additional ways to tune soliton and ultrashort pulses utilizing engineering freedom of metamaterials.
Imaging microwave field of chip surfaces based on scanning microwave microscopy
Authors: Cheng Fan , Zhang Zhenrong , Pei Tao , Jia Xudong , Xue Yifan , Wen Huan Fei , Li Zhonghao , Guo Hao , Ma Zongmin , Tang Jun , Liu Jun
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of semiconductor chip circuit integration and miniaturization, especially the high integration of microwave chips, it has become critical to realize the surface microwave field imaging for such chips. In this paper, a new method of microwave field imaging for chip surface is proposed based on scanning probe microscopy. We analyse the echo signal and extract the peak-to-peak values to characterize the microwave field intensity on the chip surface by building a theoretical model of the microwave signal coupling. Using a high-precision scanning stage based on a piezoelectric ceramic tube, we realize the imaging of microwave field. The experimental results show that the imaging method can complete the chip surface microwave field imaging, which is important to support the optimization of semiconductor chip manufacturing process, fault analysis and new material research, and promote the development and progress of the semiconductor industry.