bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Follicular Lymphoma Reveals T-Cell Inflamed Phenotype and Response to Lenalidomide
Authors: Wang Nan , Qin Wei , Zheng Zhong , Zhao Ming , Xiong Jie , Fang Hai , Sun Rui , Wang Yichao , Li Chen , Dong Lei , Sun Xiaojian , Wang Li , Xu Pengpeng , Cheng Shu , Xu Haimin , Zhang Fan , Zhao Weili
Published: May 2021

Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a malignancy of lymphocytes derived from germinal center (GC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may increase the incidence of FL. Here, we performed an integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis to identify molecular characteristics and therapeutic targets for HBV-associated FL.Methods: A total of 253 patients with newly diagnosed FL were enrolled. Whole-genome sequencing (n=13) and whole-exome sequencing (n=87) were performed on tumor samples of 100 patients. Among them, 84 patients were available for transcriptomic sequencing data. Moreover, biological function of immune modulator TNFAIP3 mutation was investigated in vitro using FL cell line SC-1 and in vivo using zebrafish xenograft model.Results: By characterizing altogether 253 FL patients, we showed that patients with HBV infection (surface antigen positive, HBsAg+) were significantly associated with younger age, more frequent spleen involvement, advanced histological grade, higher proliferation index, and poorer progression-free survival. By whole-genome/exome and targeted sequencing, we observed increased mutations in immune modulators (TNFAIP3, CD70, CXCR4, PIM1, KLF2, FAS, CD58, and CD83), decreased mutations in epigenetic modifiers (KMT2D and CREBBP), and low incidence of BCL2 translocation as the core oncogenic program of HBsAg+ FL. By transcriptomic sequencing, we further showed that HBsAg+ FL was enriched by immune-related pathways, antigen processing and presentation and IFN signatures, as well as inflamed signatures and infiltration of CD8+T and Th1 cells, with malignant lymphocytes transiting to post-GC phenotype. In the co-culture system of FL cell line SC-1 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells mimicking in vivo situation, TNFAIP3 mutations induced overexpression of TIGIT on CD8+T cells and VISTA on Th1 cells, both of which were downregulated by lenalidomide, resulting in sensitivity of TNFAIP3-mutant cells to lenalidomide treatment in co-culture system and in zebrafish xenograft model. Of note, negative prognostic impact of HBV infection on patients treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy could be overcome by rituximab and lenalidomide.Conclusions: HBV-associated FL may be considered as a specific subtype, based on distinct immune modulator mutations, and CD8+T- and Th1-enriched post-GC phenotype. Moreover, these findings provided new insights into the pathogenetic role of HBV in FL and the potential benefit of immunomodulatory agents in treating HBV-associated FL.
Circulating mRNA Expression of astrocyte-Elevated Gene-1 Associated with Treatment Response and Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Pemetrexed
Authors: Chang You-Lung , Chen Yen-Fu , Chen Ying-Yin , Chang Shih-Chieh , Chang Cheng-Yu , Wei Yu-Feng , Chen Chung-Yu
Published: May 2021

Backgrounds: Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) functions as an oncogene and regulates angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this prospective study, we assessed the values of plasma AEG-1 mRNA expression by liquid biopsy associated with tumor response and survival in NSCLC patients treated with pemetrexed. Methods: Patients diagnosed advanced NSCLC were enrolled to be treated with pemetrexed combined platinum as first-line chemotherapy. All patients underwent blood sampling before any cancer treatment (C0) and at first response evaluation after two cycles (C2) treatments. Response to chemotherapy and survival were assessed. Plasma mRNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and quantification of RNA was performed by real-time PCR.Results: A total of 50 patients with advanced NSCLC were included and 13 of 50 patients combined with bevacizumab. In patient groups of SD (n = 13) and PD (n = 10), the plasma mRNA of AEG-1, thymidylate synthase (TS) and CK19 were elevated significantly at C2 compared to patients in treatment response group (PR, n = 27) (PR v.s. SD or PD, AEG-1: 1.22 ± 0.80 v.s. 4.51 ± 15.45, p = 0.043). NSCLC patients had elevated AEG-1 (AEG-1 ≥ 2) after 2-cycle chemotherapy had shorter PFS and OS (high AEG-1 v.s. low AEG-1, median, PFS: 5.5 v.s. 11.9 months, p = 0.021; OS: 25.9 v.s. 40.8 months, p = 0.019, respectively). In Cox regression analysis, increased plasma mRNA expression of AEG-1indicated poor prognosis in survival.Conclusion: Circulating mRNA concentration of AEG-1 could be a predictive and prognostic biomarker in NSCLC patients treated with pemetrexed. Increased expression of AEG-1 contributed to the chemoresistance and caused lung cancer progression.
Basic Reliable Intraperitoneal Extravesical Flexible (BRIEF) Technique in Robotic-Assisted Radical Nephroureterectomy With Excision of Bladder Cuff for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Step by Step
Authors: fengze sun , Yao Huibao , Wu Gang , Zhang Dongxu , Wang Di , Zhao Hongwei , Lu Youyi , Wu Jitao
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo describe a technique of robotic-assisted radical nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff.MethodIn our institution, a total of 64 patients were enrolled in which 29 patients underwent robotic technique and 35 patients underwent laparoscopic technique. We compared perioperative data and tumor recurrence rates in two groups to confirm the advantages of robotic technique.ResultAll 64 patients finished their operation without converting operation. As the general conditions were no differences, the robotic group had less intraoperative blood loss (36.38±15.86ml verse 50.57±27.94ml, P<0.05), earlier ambulation (7.24±1.37h verse 9.14±2.03h, P<0.05), and shorter hospitalization time (3.55±0.69days verse 6.32±1.68days, P<0.05). And the visual analogue scale scores of the robotic group in 1h, 12h and 24h was lower than traditional laparoscopic group (P<0.05). And tumor recurrence and positive surgical margin were not difference between two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with laparoscopic method, the robotic technique has the advantages in postoperative recovery.
Comparison of Two Rating Scales With the Orofacial Esthetic Scale and Practical Recommendations for Its Application.
Authors: Pattanaik Swaha , John Mike , Chung Seungwon , Keller San
Published: May 2021

PurposeWe compared measurement properties of 5-point and 11-point response formats for Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) items to determine whether collapsing the format would degrade OES score precision.MethodsData were collected from a consecutive sample of adult dental patients from HealthPartners dental clinics in Minnesota (N=2,078). We fitted an Item Response Theory (IRT) model to the 11-point scale and six, derived 5-point scales. We compared all response formats using test (or scale) information, correlation between the IRT scores, Cronbach’s alpha estimates for each scaling format, correlations based on the observed scores for the seven OES items and the eighth global item, and the relationship of observed and IRT scores to an external criterion using orofacial appearance (OA) indicators from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP).ResultsThe correlations among scores based on the different response formats were uniformly high for observed (0.97-0.99) and IRT scores (0.96-0.99); as were correlations of both observed and IRT scores and the OHIP measure of OA (0.65-0.69). Cronbach’s alpha based on any of the 5-point formats (α = 0.95) was nearly the same as that based on the 11-point format (α = 0.96). The weighted total information area for five of six, 5-point derived formats was 98% of that for the 11-point scale Conclusions﻿Our results support the use of scores based on a 5-point response format for OES items. The measurement properties of scores based on a 5-point response format are comparable to those of scores based on the 11-point format.
Embryo Morphokinetic Parameters Evaluated Using a Time-Lapse Embryo Monitoring System Can Predict the Embryo Developmental Potential in ICSI Cycles
Authors: He Qina , Yao Guidong , He Jiahuan , Yang Guang , Xu Ziwen , Fan Huiying , Bai Yucheng , Zhang Junya , Zhang Tongwei , Song Ning , Jin Haixia , Song Wenyan , Shi Senlin , Sun Yingpu
Published: May 2021

At present, embryo morphology assessment based on the observation of the embryonic morphological characteristics at several specific time points has been mainly used for selecting the high-quality embryo. However, we all know that embryo development is a dynamic process. Many research results on the correlation between the embryo morphokinetic parameters and embryo quality and development potential were inconsistent. With the help of time-lapse imaging, the development processes and outcomes of a total of 365 embryos were cultured and analyzed in this study. The results showed that the mean tPNf and t2 of the high-quality embryo were significantly shorter than the low-quality embryo; the mean t2PBe and tPNa of the high-quality embryo from the implantation group were significantly shorter than those from the non-implantation group. In addition, based on the quartile grouping of each morphokinetic parameter, the embryos that had 21.15≤tPNf≤25.30 value were significantly higher in embryo quality when compared with the embryos that had the tPNf values outside the range on Days 3. Similarly, the embryos that had values of t2≤25.60 were significantly higher in embryo quality than those with outside the range values on Days 3. Thus, we demonstrated that the morphokinetic parameter evaluated using a time-lapse embryo monitoring system can predict the embryo quality, and be benefit for the selection of the high-quality embryos and improvement for the implantation success of the patient in assisted reproductive technologies.
Barriers and Facilitators to Kangaroo Mother Care Implementation in Côte D’Ivoire: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kourouma Kadidiatou Raissa , Yacé Marie Laurette Agbré , Doukouré Daouda , Cissé Lassina , Somé-Meazieu Chantière , Ouattara Joseph , Tano-Kamelan Akoua , Kouakou Virginie Konan
Published: May 2021

BackgroundKangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a key high impact intervention, low technology and cost-effective for the care of preterm and low birth weight newborn. Côte d’Ivoire has adopted the intervention and opened the first KMC unit in 2019. After one year of functioning, we aimed to assess barriers and facilitators of KMC implementation as well as proposed solutions to improve KMC implementation in Côte d’Ivoire.MethodThis was a qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, carried out in September 2020 in the first KMC unit opened at the Teaching Hospital of Treichville. The study involved healthcare providers providing KMC and mothers of newborn who were receiving or received KMC at the unit. A thematic analysis was performed using Nvivo 12.ResultsA total of 44 semi-structured interviews were conducted, 12 with healthcare providers and 32 with mothers. The barriers identified were lack of supplies, insufficiency of human resources, lack of space for admission, lack of home visits, lack of food for mothers, lack of collaboration between health services involved in newborn care, increased workload, the beliefs of carrying the baby on the chest, partner resistance, low rate of exclusive breastfeeding, lack of community awareness. Facilitators identified were training of healthcare providers, leadership, the cost of the intervention, the value of the intervention for healthcare providers, mothers −healthcare providers relationship, mothers’ adherence to KMC.The proposed solution to improve KMC implementation were volunteer staff motivation, intensifying mothers and families education and counselling, the recruitment of a psychologist and the involvement of all stakeholders.ConclusionsOur study highlighted the challenges to implement KMC in Côte d’Ivoire with unique and specific barriers to implementation. We recommend to researchers and decision makers to respectively design strategies and adopt intervention that specifically address these barriers and facilitators to a better uptake of KMC. Decision makers should also take into account the proposed solution for a better implementation and scaling up of KMC intervention.
The Transformation of the Balloon Shape in Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Sun Chenglong , Yu Wenhua , Zhu Qiang , Du Quan
Published: May 2021

Background: The pear shape of an inflated balloon is thought to be a gold standard of a successful percutaneous balloon compression (PBC). However, neither how the balloon shape changes nor why it changes in that way (the anatomic basis) has not yet been fully described. Methods: Radiographs from over 150 percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) cases were thoroughly evaluated. We proposed a model of changing balloon shape in Meckel's cave (MC) and 70 cases were followed up over 2 years, in which therapeutic effect was measured.Results: We found that the balloon changed stereotypically in MC. The model that we proposed is consistent with the description of the structures of MC and its surroundings in the literature. The distinct pear (pear in MC) brought about a far better surgical result than other shapes (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Our study showed how and why the balloon shape changed during PBC surgery. The model provides favorable guidance for PBC surgery.
Pre-doped oxygenated defects activate nitrogen-doped graphene for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Jiang Lin , Dijk Bas van , Wu Longfei , Maheu Clement , Hofmann Jan , Tudor Viorica , Koper Marc , Hetterscheid Dennis , Schneider Gregory
Published: May 2021

The presence of defects and chemical dopants in metal-free carbon materials plays important roles in the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The precise control and design of defects and dopants in carbon electrodes will allow the fundamental understanding of activity-structure correlations for tailoring catalytic performance of carbon-based, most particularly graphene-based electrode materials. Herein, we adopted monolayer graphene – a model carbon-based electrode – for systematical introduction of nitrogen and oxygen dopants, together with vacancy defects, and studied their roles in catalyzing ORR. Compared to pristine graphene, nitrogen doping exhibited a limited effect on ORR activity. In contrast, nitrogen doping in graphene pre-doped with vacancy defects or oxygen enhanced the activities by 3.7 and 6.8 times, respectively. The optimal activity was achieved for nitrogen doping in graphene functionalized with oxygenated defects – 4.6 times more than nitrogen-doped and 7.3 times more than pristine graphene. More importantly, oxygenated defects is highly related to the 4e− pathway instead of nitrogen dopants. This work indicates a non-negligible contribution of oxygen and especially oxygenated vacancy defects for the catalytic activity of nitrogen doped graphene.
Understanding of Optimum Antibiotic Prophylaxis is Inconsistent Among Orthopaedic Surgery and Anesthesia Teams
Authors: Ailaney Nikhil , Zielinski Elizabeth , Doll Michelle , Bearman Gonzalo M. , Kates Stephen L. , Golladay Gregory J.
Published: May 2021

Background Antibiotic surgical prophylaxis is a core strategy for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI). Despite best practice guidelines and known efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in decreasing SSI risk, there is often wide variation in its use. We performed this study to assess antibiotic prophylaxis perspectives of orthopaedic surgery and anesthesiology teams at our institution regarding preoperative antibiotic choice, dosing, and timing.Methods An IRB approved questionnaire was distributed amongst orthopaedic surgery and anesthesia team members involved in preoperative antibiotic decision making from August 2017 to June 2019. The questionnaire addressed ten key practices relating to preoperative antibiotic use, including antibiotic choice, timing, rate of infusion, and dosing. Provider and service type responses were also compared using Chi-square tests. Results Two nurse practitioner (NP), 22 resident, and 23 attending orthopaedic surgery providers completed the survey. Twelve nurse anesthetist (CRNA), 6 resident, and 8 attending anesthesiology providers completed the survey. Only 30% of all providers agreed that both vancomycin and cefazolin are equally effective for the purpose of antibiotic prophylaxis. As for the antibiotic choice in patients with penicillin allergies, 50% agreed with vancomycin, 28% agreed with clindamycin, and 22% disagreed with both alternatives. Furthermore, resident physicians more frequently agreed with vancomycin (71%) compared to NPs (29%), and attendings physicians (35%) (p=0.014). A majority of providers agreed with the necessity of weight-based dosing and timely infusion of vancomycin.Conclusions There is no clear consensus amongst providers for which antibiotic to administer for antibiotic prophylaxis despite existing guidelines. Discrepancy exists between orthopaedic and anesthesia providers for which antibiotic to administer in patients with penicillin allergies. Institutions should evaluate antibiotic prophylaxis perspectives amongst their perioperative staff in order to identify any inconsistencies that could result in inappropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for patients. A multifactorial quality improvement strategy that includes development of a protocol, displaying prophylaxis guidelines in perioperative areas, educational training, a preoperative checklist, and optimizing the electronic medical record should be implemented to standardize prophylaxis practices. It is also integral to involve both the orthopaedic and the anesthesia staff in the quality improvement process otherwise discrepancies may continue to persist.
WITHDRAWN: Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination from Survey Responses in Bangladesh.
Authors: Chowdhury Anjir Ahmed , Das Argho , Saha Suben Kumer , Rahman Mahfujur , Hasan Khandaker Tabin
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is among the most serious global threats, and it is still a significant concern. The people of Bangladesh are undergoing one of the world's largest vaccination drive. With the recent launch and introduction of the COVID-19 vaccines, many of us are curious about the general opinion or view of the vaccine. While the vaccine has ignited new hope in the battle against COVID-19, it has also sparked militant anti-vaccine campaigns, so the need to analyze public opinion on the COVID-19 vaccine has emerged. Methods: Traditional machine learning methods were used to obtain a benchmark result for the experiment. The recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm was used next. Several different types of recurrent neural networks were used, including simple RNNs, Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and LSTMs. Finally, to achieve a more optimal result, small BERT models (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) were used. Results: Upon study and testing on several models and methods, it can be seen that BERT model was the most accurate of the bunch, which was 84%. On the other hand, Naive Bayes was able to obtain an accuracy of 81%. Naive Bayes and BERT produced similar results in F1- Score, but the performance of Naive Bayes can improve as the dataset size grows. Conclusion: Knowing about public opinions on the COVID-19 vaccine is critical, and action must be taken to ensure that everybody understands the value of vaccination and that everybody receives the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccination may help to develop immunity, which lowers the likelihood of contracting the disease and its consequences.
The Semantics of Natural Objects and Tools in the Brain: A Combined Behavioural and MEG Study
Authors: Visani Elisa , Sebastiano Davide Rossi , Duran Dunja , Garofalo Gioacchino , Magliocco Fabio , Silipo Francesco , Buccino Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Current literature supports the notion that the recognition of objects, when visually presented, is sub-served by neural structures different from those responsible for the semantic processing of their nouns. However, embodiment foresees that processing observed objects and their verbal labels should share similar neural mechanisms. In a combined behavioural and MEG study, we compared the modulation of motor responses and cortical rhythms during the processing of graspable natural objects and tools, either verbally or pictorially presented. Our findings demonstrate that conveying meaning to an observed object or processing its noun similarly modulates both motor responses and cortical rhythms; moreover, natural graspable objects and tools affect in a different manner both behavioural and MEG results, independent of presentation modality. These findings provide experimental evidence that neural substrates responsible for conveying meaning to object overlap with those where the object is represented, thus supporting an embodied view of semantic processing.
Concentration, distribution and probabilistic health risk assessment of exposure to fluoride in drinking water of Hormozgan Province, Iran
Authors: Mohammadpour Amin , Samaei Mohammad Reza , Dehbandi Reza , Khaksefidi Razieh , Golaki Mohammad , Gharechahi Ehsan , Tabatabaee Zeynab , Mohammadpour Reza , Sheibani Amin , Badeenezhad Ahmad
Published: May 2021

In the present study, the health risk assessment of exposure to fluoride in drinking water of southern Iran province was performed with a definite and probabilistic approach. Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis were used for uncertainty in risk estimation. The results showed that fluoride concentration ranged between 0.1–0.9 mg/l with an average of 0.454 ± 0.205 mg/l. The distribution function followed the normal distribution. The highest fluoride concentration was observed in the central and northern regions of the province. Also, the lowest concentration was obtained 0.01 mg/l. In the definitive method, the non-carcinogenic risks associated with fluoride in drinking water were in acceptable range (HQ < 1). Conducting Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the potential non-carcinogenic risk for children in the 95th percentile exceeded the safe limit of 1, which showed that there were a potential non-carcinogenic in this group. Sensitivity analysis showed that fluoride concentration and water consumption had the most considerable effect in the model. Therefore, consumption of water and foods containing fluoride along with excessive consumption of tea may increase human's health risks. Therefore, continuous monitoring of water sources in terms of fluoride concentration along with proper diet training for residents of this province should be done.
Construction of a Risk Score Prognosis Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma based on Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis Related Genes
Authors: Li Xin-yu , Zhang Lu-yu , Li Xue-yuan , Yang xi-tao
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aimed to build a prognostic score model based on ferroptosis- and pyroptosis-related genes to predict overall survival (OS) and optimize the treatment of the hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patient.Methods: The gene expression data and clinical information of HCC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using data mining approach, this predictive signature was constructed and validated. The performance of predictive signature was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).Results: A total of 4 genes (ABCC1, G6PD, GSDME, HMOX1) were utilized to construct a prognosis model. The prognosis model exhibited good performance based on the AUC (AUC: 0.826 at 1 years, 0.796 at 3 years, 0.867 at 5 years). The calibration plots showed excellent calibration. Functional analysis revealed that significant enrichment of immune related processes.Conclusion: A prognostic risk model was developed from ferroptosis- and pyroptosis-related genes for HCC. The model could help clinicians more accurately and convenient predict the OS of individual HCC patients.
Regulation of Brain Primary Cilia Length By MCH Signaling: Evidence From Pharmacological, Genetic, Optogenetic And Chemogenic Manipulations
Authors: Alhassen Wedad , Kobayashi Yuki , Su Jessica , Robbins Brianna , Nguyen Henry , Myint Thant , Yu Micah , Nauli Surya , Saito Yumiko , Alachkar Amal
Published: May 2021

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system is involved in numerous functions, including energy homeostasis, food intake, sleep, stress, mood, aggression, reward, maternal behavior, social behavior, and cognition. MCH acts on a G protein-coupled receptor MCHR1, which expresses ubiquitously in the brain and localizes to neuronal primary cilia. Cilia act as cells' antennas and play crucial roles in cell signaling to detect and transduce external stimuli to regulate cell differentiation and migration. Cilia are highly dynamic in terms of their length and morphology; however, it is not known if cilia length is causally regulated by MCH system activation in-vivo. In the current work, we examined the effects of activation and inactivation of MCH system on cilia lengths by using different methodologies, including pharmacological (MCHR1 agonist and antagonist GW803430), germline and conditional genetic deletion of MCHR1 and MCH, optogenetic, and chemogenetic (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD)) approaches. We found that stimulation of MCH system either directly through MCHR1 activation, or indirectly through optogenetic and chemogenetic-mediated excitation of MCH neurons, causes cilia shortening. In contrast, inactivation of MCH signaling through pharmacological MCHR1 blockade or through genetic manipulations - germline deletion of MCHR1 and conditional ablation of MCH neurons - induces cilia lengthening. Our study is the first to uncover the causal effects of the MCH system in the regulation of the length of brain neuronal primary cilia. These findings place MCH system at a unique position in the ciliary signaling in physiological and pathological conditions, and implicate cilia MCHR1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pathological conditions characterized by impaired cilia function.
Microcosmic Mechanism of Die-sinking Mixed-gas Atomization Discharge Ablation Process on Titanium Alloy
Authors: Kong Linglei , Wang Xiangzhi , He Qing , Han Jinjin , Zhang Suorong , Ding Kai , Liu Zhidong
Published: May 2021

In order to reveal the microscopic mechanism of the titanium alloy die-sinking mixed-gas atomization discharge ablation process (MA-DAP), a single-pulse-discharge test was performed using a needle electrode discharge device. According to the step-like characteristic of the single discharge waveform, the micro-erosion process could be divided into four stages: preparation for oxidation ablation; oxidation occurrence and oxide layer generation; oxidation-ablation dynamic balance and oxide layer prototype formation; oxidation-ablation termination and integral oxide layer formation. Theoretical analysis showed that the violent exothermic oxidation reaction between the oxygen medium and the high-temperature melting material introduced a large quantity of external chemical energy into the sparking region. Fast vaporization and explosion of the atomized medium after heating gave MA-DAP high particle removal power. The technological experimental results showed MA-DAP provides high material removal efficiency and strong deep-hole machining ability. The depth-to-diameter ratio of the specially shaped titanium alloy MA-DAF blind hole was 11 times that from traditional electrical discharge machining, while the cross-sectional hardness can be reduced by 45%.
Orchiectomy and Hysterectomy for Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome Associated-Seminoma in a 35-Year-Old Father: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Fattal Abdullah , Ouerdane Yassamine , Alsuliman Tamim , Kanjawi Omar
Published: May 2021

Background

A persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare disorder of sexual differentiation characterized by the presence of the female reproductive system in a normal male.
Case presentation

Herein, we report a case of a 35-year-old father with the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and seminoma in the right undescended testis. The exploratory laparotomy was performed and revealed a mass in the right undescended testis and Müllerian duct structures.
Conclusions

For patients with cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia, the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome should be considered, and radiological evaluation of the genitourinary system is recommended for early diagnosis of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. The persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is usually detected during surgical operation, and it is considered a risk factor for developing testicular malignancies.
Genotoxic Hazard and Oxidative Stress Induced by Wastewater Irrigated Soil With Special Reference to Pesticides and Heavy Metal Pollution
Authors: Zeyad Mohammad Tarique , Malik Abdul
Published: May 2021

Enhancement of industrial growth and urbanization, soil contamination is increasingly prominent. Therefore, it’s important to examine possible adverse effects of industrial waste. Samples were found to be polluted with several heavy-metals and pesticides. Gas chromatographic results showed occurrence of high-level of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides. Genotoxicity of soil extracts was assessed using environmental-risk assessment models. Soil samples were extracted in hexane and dichloromethane solvents and were evaluated for genotoxic potential by prokaryotic (Ames test, plasmid nicking assay and E. coli K-12 DNA repair defective mutants) and eukaryotic (Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration and Vigna radiata seed-germination test) bioassays. Strain TA98 was found most susceptible among soil extracts. Hexane soil extract of wastewater irrigation was determined more mutagenic than DCM samples in terms of mutagenic index, mutagenic potential and induction factor for Ames strains. The damage in DNA repair defective mutants of hexane extracts were found higher compared to DCM extracts at dose of 20 μl/ml of culture. Survival in polA, lexA and recA mutants were 39%, 47% and 55% while treated with hexane extract. Allium cepa test, mitotic index was decreased in dose-dependent way and various kinds of chromosomal aberrations were found. Vigna radiata seeds germination and other parameters were also affected when treated with contaminated soil. Oxidative stress in V. radiata roots were also showed under CLS microscope. Genotoxicity of contaminated soil extract was also confirmed by plasmid nicking test. Our study provides possible explanation for the assessment of potential health and environmental hazards of the industrial region.
Disease Course Following High Disease Activity Status Revealed Patterns in SLE
Authors: Hoi Alberta , Koelmeyer Rachel , Bonin Julie , Sun Ying , Kao Amy , Gunther Oliver , Nim Hieu T. , Morand Eric
Published: May 2021

Background: We sought to examine the disease course of High Disease Activity Status (HDAS) patients and their different disease patterns in a real-world longitudinal cohort. Disease resolution till Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) has been a general treatment goal, but there is limited information on this subset of patients who achieve this.Methods: All consenting patients of the Monash Lupus Cohort who had at least 12 months of observation were included. HDAS was defined as SLEDAI-2K³10 ever, and HDAS episode as the period from the first HDAS clinic visit until attainment of LLDAS. We examined the associations of different HDAS patterns with the likelihood of damage accrual. Results: Of 342 SLE patients, 151 experienced HDAS at least once, accounting for 298 HDAS episodes. The majority of HDAS patients (76∙2%) experienced Recurrent HDAS (>1 HDAS visit), and a smaller subset (47∙7%) had Persistent HDAS (consecutive HDAS visits for longer than 2 months. Recurrent or Persistent HDAS patients were younger at diagnosis and more likely to experience renal or serositis manifestations; persistent HDAS patients were also more likely to experience neurological manifestations. Baseline SLEDAI greater than 10 was associated with longer HDAS episodes. Recurrent or Persistent HDAS were both associated with an increased likelihood of damage accrual. Total duration of HDAS episode greater than 2 years and experiencing multiple HDAS episodes (>4) were also associated with an increased likelihood of damage accrual (OR 1∙80, 95%CI 1∙08 - 2∙97, p=0∙02, and OR 3∙31, 95% CI 1∙66-13∙26, p=0∙01 respectively).Conclusion: HDAS episodes have a highly variable course. Recurrent and Persistent HDAS, and longer duration of HDAS episodes, increased risk of damage accrual. In addition to a major signifier of severity in SLE, its resolution to LLDAS can determine subsequent outcome in SLE patients.
Anti-Liver and Anti-Breast Cancer Activities of Novel 2-Thioxo-4-Imidazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: AbdulJabar Layla Adnan , AlShawi Ali , Mutlaq Dakhil Zughayir
Published: May 2021

MTT assay and flowcytometry analysis were used to examine the anti-liver (HepG2) and anti-breast cancer (MCF-7) activities of twelve compounds derived from 2-thioxo-4-imidazolidine. The compounds 5a-h and 7f demonstrated significant anticancer activity against breast cancer cells, while the compounds 5a, ab, and 5d-h demonstrated significant anticancer activity against liver cancer cells, with varying IC50 values as compared to Cisplatin as the positive control. Among these compounds, we chose 5a, 5d, and 5h to detect cell cycle phases and late apoptosis. Compound 5a arrested MCF-7 cells in the S phase, while compound 5d arrested cells in the G1 phase. Compound 5a arrested S phase HepG2 cells, compound 5d arrested S phase cells, and compound 5h arrested G2 phase HepG2 cells. Compound 5a had a higher ratio of late apoptosis than compounds 5d and 5h on both cancer cells. Finally, the development of these compounds as new anti-breast and anti-liver agents warrants further research to understand the mechanism of action, especially against breast cancer.
Effects of an on-table Reconstruction Technique Combined With Miniplate Internal Fixation and Prosthesis for the Treatment of Isolated Mason III Radial Head Fractures
Authors: HAN Lei , Wang feng Can , Hu geng Yun , Fang li Wei , Zhou-feng Song
Published: May 2021

Background: In this retrospective study we analyzed a consecutive series of patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated with an on-table reconstruction technique combined with miniplate internal fixation or prosthesis.Methods: This study included 42 patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated between Jan 2012 and Jan 2019. Twenty-four patients (average age 45.6 years) were treated with an on-table reconstruction technique combined with miniplate internal fixation. The remaining 18 (average age 44.5 years) were treated with prosthesis. From a clinical point of view, we evaluated the patients according to the Broberg–Morrey scoring system and the (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) DASH questionnaire for parameters.Results: We found similar results in both the groups according to Broberg–Morrey score system and the DASH questionnaire at the last follow-up. The scores of the prosthesis group were better than those of the internal fixation group at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month follow-up post-operation.Conclusion: Both the on-table reconstruction technique combined with the miniplate internal fixation and prosthesis can be effective in treating patients with isolated Mason III radial head fractures. There was no difference in elbow function between the two groups at the last follow-up; however, a prosthesis favors early functional recovery of the elbow.
Clinical Features, Strain Distribution, Antifungal Resistance and Prognosis of Patients with Candida Non-Albicans Candidemia：A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Liu Fengqi , Zhong Li , Zhou Feifei , Zheng Cheng , Zhang Kai , Cai Jiachang , Zhou Hongwei , Tang Kankai , Dong Zhaohui , Cui Wei , Zhang Gensheng
Published: May 2021

Background

Candida albicans (C. albicans) candidemia were well reported in previous studies, while researches on Candida non-albicans (C. non-albicans) candidemia remain poorly explored. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, and outcomes of C. non-albicans candidemia.
Methods

We recruited inpatients with candidemia from January 2013 to June 2020 in a tertiary hospital for this retrospective observational study.
Results

Total 301 patients with candidemia were recruited in current study, including 161 (53.5%) patients with C. non-albicans candidemia. The main pathogens in C. non-albicans candidemia were Candida tropicalis (23.9%), Candida parapsilosis (15.6%) and Candida glabrata (10.3%). Patients with C. non-albicans candidemia had more medical admissions (P = 0.034), more percentage of hematological malignancies (P = 0.007), more frequency of antifungal exposure (P = 0.012), and more indwelling peripherally inserted central catheter (P = 0.002) in comparison with C. albicans candidemia. In multivariable analysis, prior antifungal exposure was independently related to C. non-albicans candidemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.312; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.113–0.859). Additionally, C. non-albicans was obviously resistant to azoles, especially for C. tropicalis with a high cross-resistance to azoles. However, no significant differences were noted about the mortalities of 14 days, 28 days and 60 days between these two groups.
Conclusions

C. non-albicans are dominant in candidemia, and prior antifungal exposure is an independent risk factor. Of note, although outcomes between C. non-albicans and C. albicans candidemia are similar, the drug-resistance to specific azoles as well as cross-resistance frequently occurs in patients with C. non-albicans candidemia, which deserves attentions in clinical practice and further in-depth investigation.
REDbox: a comprehensive semantic framework for data collection, management and sharing in tuberculosis research
Authors: Lima Vinícius Costa , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Pellison Felipe Carvalho , Júnior Francisco Barbosa , Filho Márcio Eloi Colombo , Alves Domingos , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Galliez Rafael Mello , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes
Published: May 2021

Background: The outcomes of a clinical research directly depend on the correct definition of the research protocol, the data collection strategy and the data management plan. Furthermore, researchers often need to work within challenging contexts, such as in Tuberculosis services, where human and technological resources for research may be rare. The use of Electronic Data Capture systems can help to mitigate such risks and to enable a democratic environment to conduct health research and promote results dissemination and data reusability. Methods: The proposed solution was based on needs pinpointed by researchers, considering the lack of an embracing solution to conduct research in low resources environments. REDCap was used for research data storing and its management. KoBoToolbox enables forms building and online and offline data collection. Semantic annotation is applied for promoting data integration and availability. Results: The REDbox framework was built to enhance data collection, management and sharing in tuberculosis research, while providing a better user experience. Metadata was defined to enable the integration of both systems. A converter module enables compatibility of forms in both systems. Data collected in KoBoToolbox forms are instantly submitted to an ETL processor, which extracts and transforms the data to be loaded into REDCap. A data quality module facilitates the management of data by reducing the workload of time-consuming and delicate tasks. A service provides practical tools to enhance the use of ontologies and support the continuous integration of different data sources.Conclusions: The relevance of this article lies in the innovative approach to support TB research during collection, management and dissemination phases, which is often carried out in contexts with few human and technological resources. REDCap presents a better approach to the whole research life cycle, but has some usability concerns. On the other hand, KoBoToolbox natively works online or offline, without any additional software. Therefore, when focusing on positive aspects of each tool, it is possible to underpin tuberculosis research by improving data collection, management capability and security. Furthermore, the aggregation of meaning in raw data helps to promote the quality and the availability of research data.
A Novel Technique Using Ultrasonography in Upper Airway Management After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Murata Shizumasa , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yukawa Yasutsugu , Minamide Akihito , Tsutsui Shunji , Takami Masanari , Nagata Keiji , Taiji Ryo , Kozaki Takuhei , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

The aim is to describe an ultrasound procedure that evaluates the prevertebral soft tissue (PST) and upper airway and investigate the compatibility between X-ray and ultrasonography in PST evaluation. We included 11 radiculopathy/myelopathy patients who underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion involving C5/6, C6/7, or both segments. The condition of the PST and upper airway was evaluated over 14 days. The Bland–Altman method was used to evaluate the degree of agreement between the PST values obtained using radiography versus ultrasonography. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the PST measurement methods. Single-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) was performed in 8 cases and double-level ACDF, in 3 cases. PST and upper airway thickness peaked on postoperative day 3, with no airway complications. The Bland–Altman bias was within the prespecified clinically nonsignificant range—0.13 ± 0.36 mm (95%CI 0.04–0.22 mm). Ultrasonography effectively captured post-ACDF changes in PST and upper airway thickness and detected airway edema. Ultrasonography can help continuously assess the PST and upper airway as it is simple and has no radiation exposure risk. Therefore, radiography alone is insufficient for post-ACDF detection of airway complications and including ultrasonography may be beneficial.
Application of Mechanistic Force Models to Features of Arbitrary Geometry at Low Material Removal Rate
Authors: Miller Grael Sebastian Stevenson , Irani Rishad A. , Ahmadi Mojtaba
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a workpiece discretization method to apply existing cutting force models to predict the forces generated during low material removal rate robotic machining operations of features with arbitrary geometry. Two machining operations along a straight edge are modelled using this feature discretization method are shown, a chamfer pass on a sharp corner and the removal of a trapezoidal cross section. The workpiece features are measured using a high resolution laser profile scanner to obtain the volume of the features to be removed. The identified features are discretized into rectangular sections such that the cutting force models can be applied to predict the cutting forces. A linear and an exponential mechanistic model which relate tool immersion and feed rate to the cutting force are applied to the scanned workpiece features. The linear and nonlinear models show good agreement with the measured data, with the exception that the linear model occasionally over predicts the forces depending on the radial depth of cut.
Geometrical characteristics of the knee are associated with the injury of the meniscus
Authors: Wang Peixu , Gao Fuqiang , Sun Wei , Li Zirong , Wu Xinjie , Shi Lijun , Xu Xin , Li Tengqi , Fan Xiaoyu , Li Chengxin , Li Zhizhuo
Published: May 2021

Background

To assess the geometrical risk factors for meniscal injuries. Our hypothesis was that the narrowness of the intercondylar notch and the smaller tibial spine could increase the risk of meniscal injuries.
Methods

We retrospectively studied two hundred and seven patients examined for knee magnetic resonance images. The severity of meniscal injuries was evaluated by two experienced orthopedists. The notch width, bicondylar notch width, notch width index, condyle width of the femur, tibial spine height, and intercondylar angle were measured in magnetic resonance image slides by two blinded orthopedists.
Results

In all two hundred and seven patients, 112 patients with a meniscus injury and 95 patients were as healthy control. The NWI (P = 0.027) in patients with meniscus injuries was significantly different from the control group. A 1 SD (0.04 mm) increase in NWI was associated with a 0.4-fold increase in the risk of meniscal injury. A 1 SD (0.04 mm) increase in NWI was associated with a 0.64-fold increase in the risk of grade 3 meniscal injury. Furthermore, NWI and medial spine height are decreased significantly in grade 2 (P < 0.05) meniscal injury than in other grades. The medial spine height was significantly decreased in the meniscal injury group (P = 0.025), and the decrease of medial spine height would increase the risk of meniscal injury (OR = 0.77) and grade 3 meniscal injury (OR = 0.8).
Conclusions

The stenosis of the femoral intercondylar notch and small medial tibial spine are risk factors of meniscal injury. The decreased NWI and the decreased medial tibial spine height were also associated with the severity of the meniscal injury.
Assessment of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Imaging Modalities Efficiency for Detecting Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Suspected of Having Stable Angina
Authors: Iwata Kunihiro , Ogasawara Katsuhiko
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to assess and compare the detection efficiency of non-invasive diagnostic imaging modalities as easy-to-understand indices for patients with myocardial ischemia. Methods: We included 1,000 patients with chest pain and possible coronary artery disease (CAD), based on their clinical condition. The modalities to be assessed were as follows: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission computed tomography (PET), stress echocardiography (SE), and fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (FFRCT). We used the decision tree simulation analysis to assess and compare the following: (1) the number of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), false negative (FN), and true negative (TN) test results per 1,000 patients, (2) positive predictive value (PPV), (3) negative predictive value (NPV), (4) post-test probability (post-TP), (5) diagnostic accuracy (DA), and (6) the number needed to diagnose (NND). Results: In the basic settings (pre-test probability: 50%), PET generated the highest TP (450), NPV (89%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 86%-92%), DA (87%, 95% CI: 85%-89%), and NND (1.35, 95% CI: 1.26-1.48). In contrast, CMRI produced the highest TN (435), PPV (87%, 95% CI: 84%-90%), DA (87%, 95% CI: 85%-89%), and NND (1.35, 95% CI: 1.26-1.48). In addition, FFRCT generated the highest FP (120). SE produced the highest FN (155) and post-TP (29%, 95% CI: 25%-33%). Conclusion: PET and CMRI were considered more efficient than other modalities. The results of our study will be useful for both physicians who order the examination and patients who undergo it.