bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conditions and tools for ensuring effective financial control of achieving national goals and implementing national projects
Authors:   Main Control Directorate of the City of Moscow, DANCHIKOV EVGENY A.
Published: November 2020

The effective implementation of national projects and the achievement of national goals requires both the coherence and synchronization of actions of government bodies and organizations at all levels, as well as ensuring close monitoring of the efficient use of budget funds. In this case, the main emphasis should be placed on risk assessment and preliminary control, i.e. prophylaxis and prevention of possible violations. The article discusses the issues of increasing the effectiveness of financial control while achieving the national development goals of the Russian Federation through the use of modern methods and tools of control, as well as the features of the organization and implementation of this process at the regional level. The author analyzes the conditions created in the city of Moscow for the effective implementation of control and supervision activities. The high importance of digitalization and automation of control processes is noted to ensure constant and comprehensive monitoring of budget expenditures. It is concluded that the main task of control and supervision bodies is to assist the executive in implementing state programs and national goals, and their achievement should become a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the control and oversight bodies.
The model of export support of Russian education
Authors:   International Union of non-governmental organizations ‘Assembly of the peoples of Eurasia’ (, KRASNOVA GULNARA A.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the development of educational export, which is one of the priorities of state policy. In 2018, the Federal project ‘Export of education’ of the national project ‘Education’ was launched, which set the task of doubling the number of international students in Russia by 2024. The tasks set are impossible without state support, which is to create favorable conditions for its development at the national (system of support and development of export of Russian education) and interstate (in the framework of cooperation with foreign countries, participation in regional integration associations, international organizations and forums) levels. Taking into account the analysis of international and Russian experience of export support, the author of the article developed and described a model of export support for Russian education, which has its own specific industry characteristics. The model for supporting the export of Russian education includes organizational, legal, informational, financial, and content blocks.
Thorny way of strategic planning in modern Russia
Authors:   Business Partnership ‘New Economic Growth’, DMITRIEV MIKHAIL E. , KRAPIL VALERY B. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: November 2020

The article considers strategic planning practices in Russia since the transition to market economy. The authors assess the outcomes of federal strategies and the possible causes of their incomplete implementation. The study reviews the development of legislation on strategic planning and the problems and contradictions associated with the implementation of the laws, including the subfederal level. The course of development of the project format of strategic documents (national projects, etc.) and the reasons that led to the strengthening of its role, despite the lack of legislative registration, are also presented. Based on the results of the review, a characteristic is given of the current state of the strategic planning system, which is assessed as unstable and transitional, and possible directions for its further development are noted. The interest in strategic planning over the past three decades has been generated by objective long-term challenges. They are largely due to the need to take into account long-term trends in demographic, technological, environmental, climatic, spatial, infrastructural, geopolitical and other areas where there are problems and tasks that can only be solved by coordinated planning of actions for many years to come.
Coronavirus in the regions of Russian: features and consequences of the spread
Authors:   Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, ZEMTSOV STEPAN P. , BABURIN VYACHESLAV L. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: November 2020

Russia and the world are experiencing a pandemic that is unprecedented in modern history in terms of the number of cases and socio-economic consequences. The article discusses the features of the statistical accounting of morbidity and mortality and how much they could affect the available estimates. The authors believe that the fixed incidence of the population obeys the laws of the distribution of innovations and depends on the structure and interaction within regional communities. According to the above calculations, if current conditions remain, the maximum number of infections can exceed 160 thousand people, and the end of the epidemic should be expected no earlier than mid-June. We are now at a stage of exponential growth and diffusion across the country. In general, in Russia, the closure and bankruptcy of 50-60% of firms in 2020, according to the most pessimistic scenario, is fraught with a fall in GDP by 3-10% for the year.
A Perception-Based Curricular Review on the K to 12 HUMSS Strand Curriculum
Authors: Estrera Edwin B.
Published: November 2020

This study examines the perception of Humanities and Social Science teachers among public Senior High Schools in the Department of Education’s Humanities and Social Sciences strand in the Philippines. It uses Erden’s element-based model of evaluation by considering the alignment to the goals of the Humanities and Social Sciences disciplines, the purpose, and core courses of the program, and the teaching-learning process. It also uses Tyler’s Rationale as frameworks in assessing the curriculum. Likewise, the study examines the problems and difficulties in curricular implementation. Upon administering a survey to 25 Humanities and Social Science teachers among four public senior high schools, data revealed that the respondents perceived the curriculum goals, and the purpose of the program as highly observed, while the core courses of the program and teaching-learning process were satisfactorily observed in the curriculum. Also, sex and age were not factors in their level of assessment of Humanities and Social Science goals. The problems and difficulties encountered by teachers included unbalanced time allocation of learning competencies, lack of available learning materials, and lack of specialized teachers. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the government provide stronger teacher support programs to address the gap in curriculum implementation. The K to 12 program also needs a full review, as the study only provides a presurvey to more significant institutional issues. While the Humanities and Social Science curriculum appears aligned with the goals of their disciplines, and to the country’s educational goals, its realization still depends upon the teachers’ implementation in the classroom level.
Empowering Adult Immigrant Learners Through Systematic Motivation Work in the Classroom
Authors: Horverak May Olaug , Langeland Gerd Martina , Diary Kedir
Published: November 2020

This is an action research study investigating how one can work systematically in adult learning centres to support adult immigrant learners to increase their intrinsic motivation and develop strategies to take responsibility for their own development and learning. We have applied what we call a five-step motivation method, where the adult students define and write down what is important to them, their success factors and their obstacles, and choose focus areas and strategies to apply to achieve what is important to them. As part of the process, the students also reflect on these elements in class discussions led by the teacher, which means that the students support each other to find solutions to their obstacles and to find strategies to work towards their goals. The student reflections from the sessions are part of the data collected in this study, and these are complemented by students’ self-reports on the usefulness of the approach. The project was carried out in several groups at three adult learning centres, and the findings show that the majority of the participants were satisfied with the approach. They report that they became better at planning and more motivated to work towards their goals. An element that was emphasised by the teachers was the importance of letting the students use their native language when needed. We conclude that the method we present here may be a useful tool to assist adult immigrant learners to experience intrinsic motivation and develop strategies for mastering learning and life.
Fracture risk assessment in the Greek population via the algorithm ‘FRAX’, and nursing intervention in patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Bucuku Marina
Published: November 2020

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disorder accompanied with a variety of socio-economic adverse outcomes. Trademark of this particular ‘silent disease’, is the occurrence of low-impact fractures, which is the result of the decreased strength of the bone tissue. It is estimated, that hip fracture incidences in the Greek population, will demonstrate a significant increase until the year 2050. It is an urgent need, to have a better-designed and executed clinical evaluation program for osteoporotic patients, in connection with the ten-year fracture risk assessment tool, FRAX, that is currently implemented all over the world, and has been incorporated in the Greek Guidelines as well. The role of the nurse is also considered important when implementing osteoporosis-related strategies both for identification and for treatment of patients at risk
Radio-morphometric evaluation of clinical and sub-clinical forms of scoliosis in postmenopausal women
Authors: Itounas Ioannis P. , Nikolaou Dimitris A.
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the age-dependent changes of the spine in postmenopausal women with adult scoliosis. Methods: We screened 180 postmenopausal women who presented within a year for an X-ray evaluation in our Radiology Department. Only postmenopausal women without previous surgery of the spine and with a Cobb’s angle of more than 10o were included in the analysis. The acquired X-rays were assessed with the ‘SCODIAC’ software - evaluating the Cobb’s angle, Ferguson’s angle, the vertebrae’s rotation and the overall torsion of the spinal cord. Results: 60/180 women met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis, in four age-groups (per decade of age) of equal number of subjects (N=15). Their mean age was 70,5 years and mean age of menopause was 50 years. 23% were classified as ‘obese’, 52% ‘overweight’ and 25% ‘normal’. Mean BMI was 27.45 Kgr/m2. 28% were not screened for osteoporosis. 22% of the evaluated subjects had osteoporosis, 38% osteopenia and 12% were normal. The percentage of individuals suffering from degenerative scoliosis, was 27% , 67%, 87% and 73% for each age group respectively. The average of the overall torsion was 23.9o, 19.5o,23.7o and 32,1o. Percentage of subjects without any participation in ‘exercise’ was 47%, 40%, 87% and 67% respectively. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women presenting primary or secondary osteoporosis alongside high ‘BMI’ index and/or low levels of physical activity, are prone to cumulative degeneration of the spine resulting in clinical and sub-clinical scoliosis.
The role of bisphosphonates in success and survival of dental implants - effects in osseointegration
Authors: Tsikouris Theodoros P.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to research published studies concerning the effect of bisphosphonates in the success and survival of dental implants. An electronic PubMed search was conducted and we have included clinical trials as well as reviews which include human and animal studies. The most common complication in the published literature for bisphosphonates and dental implants was found to be osteonecrosis of the jaw. As a result, we focused in non-osteonecrosis studies. The results of our review are mixed and there is lack of consensus concerning potential beneficial or detrimental effects of bisphosphonates and osseo-integration of dental implants.
BEST DRUG INTERACTION FOR COVID-19 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT: A METANALYSIS
Authors: Farias Maria Gabriela , Conceição Wesley , Gutiérrez María , Pereira Mariana , Daltro Carla , Silva Roberto
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose: The Covid-19 is a viral infection classified as
a pandemic by the World Health Organization. There is not currently
therapy against the Sars-cov-2. We aimed to assess the best drug therapy
approach for the management of Covid-19. Experimental Approach: We did a
systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of
drugs used in patients with Covid-19. We performed research in the
PubMed and the Medrxiv. The trials were included if the patients were
over 12 years old, diagnosed through the rt-PCR test and who assessed as
primary outcomes or decreased mortality, or time to clinical
improvement, or hospitalization time. Random-effects meta-analysis was
used to pool individual studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using I².
The review has been registered on PROSPERO, number 179879. Key Results:
Nine trials were included for analysis. Remdesivir, mainly early after
the onset of symptoms, led to a reduction in mortality (OR, 0·85; 95%
CI, 0·05 to 0·98; P=0·045). Although this meta-analysis did not observe
a reduction using dexamethasone, the Recovery Trial indicates that it
can be an option for a patient that needs oxygen support. Our study did
not demonstrate the efficacy of any treatment to minimize the effects of
Covid-19 related to large hospital stay or time to clinical improvement.
Conclusion and Implications: Remdesivir is the only drug that can change
the course of Covid-19, reducing mortality rates. Despite this result,
other studies must evaluate the effectiveness of this and other drugs in
the management of Covid-19 mainly studies with robust methods.
Risk factors for unplanned removal of central venous catheters in hospitalized children with hematological and oncological disorders
Authors: Miyagishima Moe , Motoharu Hamada , Hirayama Yuji , Muramatsu Hideki , Tainaka Takahisa , Shirota Chiyoe , Hinoki Akinari , Imaizumi Takahiro , Nakatochi Masahiro , Nishikawa Eri , Kawashima Nozomu , Narita Atsushi , Nishio Nobuhiro , Kojima Seiji , Takahashi Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2020

Background: Central venous catheters (CVCs) have been essential devices
for the treatment of children with hematological and oncological
disorders. Only few studies investigated the complications and
selections of different types of CVCs in these pediatric patients. This
study aimed to compare risk factors for unplanned removal of two
commonly used CVCs, i.e., peripherally inserted central catheters
(PICCs) and tunneled CVCs, and propose better device selection for the
patient. Procedure: This retrospective, single center cohort analysis
was conducted on pediatric patients with hematological and oncological
disorders inserted with either a PICC or a tunneled CVC. Results:
Between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015, 89 patients inserted
with tunneled CVCs (total 21,395 catheter-days) and 84 with PICCs (total
9,177 catheter-days) were followed up until the catheter removal. The
median duration of catheterization was 88 days in PICCs and 186 days in
tunneled CVCs (p = 1.24×10-9). PICCs at the 3-month cumulative incidence
of catheter occlusion (5.2% vs. 0%, p = 4.08×10-3) and total unplanned
removal (29.0% vs 7.0%, p = 0.0316) were significantly higher, whereas
no significant difference was observed in the cumulative incidence of
central line-associated bloodstream infection (11.8% vs. 2.3%, p =
0.664). Multivariable analysis identified younger age (<2
years) (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 2.29; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 1.27–4.14) and PICCs (SHR, 2.73; 95% CI,
1.48–5.02) were independent risk factors for unplanned removal.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that tunnel CVCs would be a preferred
device for children with hematological and oncological disorders
requiring long-term, intensive treatment.
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19; a Fiction, Hope or Hype? An Updated Review
Authors: Saghir Sultan , AlGabri Naif , Alagawany Mahmoud , Attia Youssef , Alailay Salem , Elnesr Shaaban , Shafi Manal , Al-shargi Omar , Al-balagi Nader , Alwajeeh Abdullah , Alsalahi Omar , Patra Amlan , Khafaga, Asmaa , Negida Ahmed , Noreldin Ahmed , Al-Amarat Wesam , Almaiman Amer , El-Tarabily Khaled , El-Hack, Mohamed Abd
Published: November 2020

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that
began in China had infected more than 56 million individuals worldwide
and accounted for more than 1.344.000 fatalities. With the dawn of this
novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), there was a requirement to select
potential therapies that might effectively kill the virus, accelerate
the recovery, or decrease the case fatality rate. Besides the currently
available antiviral medications for HIV and HCV, the
chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) regimen with or without
azithromycin has been repurposed in China and was recommended by the
National Health Commission, China in mid-February 2020. By this time,
the selection of this regimen was based on its efficacy against the
previous SARS-CoV-1 virus and its potential to inhibit viral replication
of the SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. There was a shortage of robust clinical
proof about the effectiveness of this regimen against the novel
SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, extensive research effort has been made by
several researchers worldwide to investigate whether this regimen is
safe and effective for the management of COVID-19. This review article
provides a comprehensive overview of the CQ/HCQ regimen. It summarizes
the evaluating data from in vitro studies and clinical studies either
for the protection or the treatment against SARS-CoV-2. There is a sharp
difference of opinion about the role of CQ/HCQ regimen in treatment of
COVID-19. The literature data are controversial and contradictory due to
the diverse study design, population selection, dosage, regimen, and
outcome measures. Current evidence from the two largest
randomized-controlled trials (recovery and solidarity) suggests that the
HCQ regimen does not decrease COVID-19 patients’ mortality. However,
conflicting data were published from observational studies showing that
the drug might be sufficient. Therefore, more investigations are needed
to emphasize these findings.
Deep Groundwater Recharge Mechanism in the Sedimentary and Crystalline Terrains of Sri Lanka: A Study Based on Environmental Isotopic and Chemical Signatures of Spring Water
Authors: Priyadarshanee Sakhila , Pang Zhonghe , Edirisinghe Viraj , Dharmagunawardhane H.A. , Pitawala H.M.T.G.A. , Gunasekara J.D.C. , Tilakarathne I.A.N.P.D.
Published: November 2020

In many instances, dynamic, potential status and geochemical
characteristics of groundwater discharging through natural springs are
not well known. Present study has assessed the deep groundwater in the
form of thermal and non-thermal spring in artesian condition in the
selected zones in Sri Lanka, using isotope and geochemical
characteristics. The results revealed that evaporation-fractional
crystallization and cation-exchange in the sedimentary aquifers while
rock-water interaction in crystalline deep aquifers, are the significant
mechanism that control the groundwater chemistry. All the deep
groundwater recharged from meteoric water at different elevations and
further influenced by either evaporation or rock-water interaction
during the subsurface flow. Artesian aquifers in the sedimentary terrain
in the north-western coastal zones showed the recharging elevation as
from 100 to 200 m amsl. They are not mixed with sea water and slightly
impacted by the locally evaporated surface waters. Almost all these
waters are comparatively old; indicating slow movement along the
regional flow paths. Considering the recharge and discharge conditions
of artesian non-thermal waters in the Southern lowlands of crystalline
terrain can be classified as non-mixed, non-evaporated and young
groundwater with higher elevation recharge. The artesian non-thermal
waters in the East North Central lowlands, have shown the same
characteristics but with evaporated conditions. All artesian thermal
waters are tritium free, hence they are older and deep percolated.
Intensive rock-water interaction and higher altitude origin were
observed in some thermal springs. Some spring clusters in the weathered
overburden have shown significant mixing with recent local rains.
Non-mixed, non-evaporated and less rock-water interacted nature is a
significant in two thermal springs that emerges through (chemically
inert) quartzite bed rock. Both thermal and non-thermal water with
artesian condition have clearly indicated that they are originated from
a common recharge source but with different flow paths in different
penetration depths and travel distances, resulting different chemical
characteristics. Fresh water springs are mostly young and recharged from
local rains followed with shallow percolation.
Mushroom thrombus” A unique post transcatheter mitral valve replacement (Valve in valve) early complication
Authors: Chaturvedi Hemant , Rao Ravinder
Published: November 2020

The incidence of prosthetic valve thrombosis post transcatheter mitral
valve replacement remains largely unknown. Although it may occur more
frequently than after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, only
isolated cases have been reported up to now. This unique large mushroom
thrombus post TMVR case is first of its kind reported ever. 3D
transesophageal as well as transthoracic echocardiography play very
important role in early diagnosis and for treatment decision
Chromosome genome assembly and annotation of Artocarpus Nanchuanensis with Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing data
Authors: He Jiaoyu , bao Shanfei , Deng Junhang , Li Qiufu , song zhilin , cui yanru , liu yiran , wei xia , Ding Xianping , ke kehui , Chen Chaojie
Published: November 2020

The A.nanchuanensis (Artocarpus Nanchuanensis, Moraceae) is an evergreen
Artocarpus genus representative tree species in the northernmost natural
distribution and one of the extremely endangered tree species in China.
In this study, we obtained a high-quality chromosome-scale genome
assembly and annotation for A.nanchuanensis using inter-grated
approaches, including Illumina, Nanopore sequencing platform as well as
Hi-C. A total of 128.71 gigabases (Gb) raw Nanopore Sequel reads were
generated from 20 kb libraries. After filtering, 123.38 Gb clean reads
were obtained, giving 160.34x coverage depth. The final assembled
A.nanchuanensis genome was 769.44 Mb with a contig N50 of 2.09 Mb, and
99.62% (766.50 Mb) of the assembly data was assigned to 28
pseudochromosomes. Gene modelling predicted 41,636 protein-coding genes,
of which 95.10% were annotated. The gene annotation completeness was
evaluated by BUSCO, and 94.44% conserved genes could be found in the
assembly data. The disclosure of A.nanchuanensis genome sequence
information provides an important resource to expand our understanding
of the molecular mechanism in its unique biological processes and
nutritional, medicinal benefits.
Captivating color: evidence for optimal stimulus design in a polymorphic prey lure
Authors: Kemp Darrell , Edwards Will , White Thomas
Published: November 2020

Araneid spiders use abstract color patterns to attract prey. The
chromatic properties of these displays vary extensively, both within and
across species, and they are frequently polymorphic. Variation is often
expressed in terms of signal hue (color per se), but it is unclear
precisely how attractiveness scales with this property. We assessed
captures among color-manipulated females of the dimorphic jeweled spider
Gasteracantha fornicata in their natural webs. The manipulation
magnified the natural variation in stimulus hue independently of chroma
(saturation) across a range spanning most of the color spectrum. Catch
rate varied across treatments in simple accordance with how greatly
stimulus hue deviated from either of the two extant phenotypes.
Predictions based upon fly-perceived background contrast were
unsupported despite dipterans constituting ~60 % of
prey. This study isolates the importance of stimulus hue and supports
the premise that extant phenotypes reside in an optimal spectral range
for prey attraction.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF FRESHWATER SNAILS AROUND AN EARTH DAM IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Dogara Musa , Alhaji Goni , Balogun Joshua , Abubakar Muhammmad , Barde Auwal , Surajo Abubakar , Muhammad Sulaiman , Shehu Salwa , Mohammed Usman
Published: November 2020

Following a preliminary investigation a study was carried from April to
October, 2019 to establish more information on the abundance and
distribution of freshwater snails in relation to physiochemical factors
of Warwade dam. Four sampling sites; human activity, vegetation cover,
lentic and lotic were selected for the study along the bank of the dam.
Freshwater snails were collected in each of the four sampling sites
using long handled scoop net with mesh 0.2mm and hand picking methods.
Water samples from the sampling sites were analyzed in the laboratory
using standard procedures. A total of 2,027 of fresh water snails
belonging to ten species were identified with Bulinus globosus 12(0.6%)
and Lymnaea natalensis 12(0.6%) having the lowest abundance while
Melanoides tuberculata 1553(76.6%) had the highest. Snail abundance was
highest in site characterized by human activities (670) followed by
vegetation (482), lotic (442) and lentic (433) waters. Most of the
physico-chemical factors measured appeared to favour the growth and
survival of fresh water snails. pH (p = 0.01), water current (p =
<0.01) and magnesium ion concentration (p = < 0.01)
varied significantly across the four sites. Only calcium ion
concentration was significantly associated with snail abundance (p =
0.04). Snail abundance showed weak positive relationship with water
temperature, color, turbidity and concentration of magnesium ion. The
dominance of M. tuberculata over all species particularly those of
medical and veterinary importance could have positive implication for
their control in the dam.
Platelet mass index as a novel inflammatory marker for tinnitus
Authors: Doblan Ahmet , müderris togay
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Although there is plenty of research on the etiology and
treatment of tinnitus, a definitive conclusion has not been reached in
most studies. Among etiological factors, vascular and hematological
abnormalities can be defined as an important cause in the evaluation of
tinnitus cases, and these factors may underly many structural and
functional problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether
there was a correlation between platelet mass index (PMI) and tinnitus.
To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the effect of
platelet mass on tinnitus. After reviewing the detailed medical records
of 1,079 tinnitus patients that presented to our clinic between January
2019 and May 2020, the hemogram values of 177 cases meeting the study
criteria were evaluated. There was no statistically significant
difference between the patient and control groups in terms of mean age,
gender distribution, and RBC (Red Blood Cell) neutrophil, lymphocyte,
PLR and NLR levels (p>0.05). Compared to the control group,
the hemoglobin and MPV levels of the patient group were statistically
significantly higher (p<0.001), and the platelet level was
statistically significantly lower (p=0.033). In addition, the PMI level
of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the control
group (p<0.001). In conclusion, the NLR, PLR and MPV values
were found to be higher in the tinnitus group compared to the control
group, as expected. Furthermore, the additional data for tinnitus cases
showed that PMI was also observed to be significantly higher compared to
the control group, indicating that the study objective was reached. PMI
seems to be a predictive value for tinnitus, even in patients with MPV
values lower than the normal range. Therefore, we consider that PMI is
more sensitive than other markers, especially MPV in inflammatory
events.
Why we should be looking for ear lobe creases. A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagonal ear lobe crease and coronary artery disease.
Authors: Curtis Jonathan , Walford Sophie
Published: November 2020

Objectives The association between diagonal ear lobe crease (DELC) and
cardiovascular disease was first suggested in 1973 although some studies
have attributed this to confounding cardiovascular factors. This review
looked to see if there is a significant association between DELC and
angiography-confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of other
risk factors. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of selected
studies using the PRISMA checklist. Setting 12 different hospitals with
angiography in eight countries. Participants 4960 adult patients
undergoing coronary angiography. Main Outcome Measures •
Presence/absence of diagonal ear lobe crease • Diagnostic Odds Ratio •
Sensitivity/Specificity Results 12 studies were included in the
meta-analysis. Findings from our study suggest: • Patients with DELC
have a 4x increased likelihood of having CAD (OR 4.61
P<0.00001). • The relationship between DELC and CAD was
independent of age and all other conventional cardiovascular risk
factors. • Bilateral DELC has a stronger association with CAD than
unilateral DELC. • Presence of DELC has insufficient sensitivity /
specificity to be used as a diagnostic test for cardiovascular disease
but instead should be used as a risk marker. Conclusions We found that
DELC is associated with CAD independently of other known cardiovascular
risk factors including age. Histology studies indicate that
atherosclerosis is causing DELC and patients with DELC appear to have an
increased risk of CAD. It has insufficient sensitivity or specificity to
be used as a diagnostic test but should be used as a valuable risk
marker to be aware of whilst examining ears.
Сhallenge of COVID-19 and Priorities of Economic Development of the Republic of Korea
Authors: Fedorovsky A. N.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the South Korean experience of dealing with the crisis phenomena that most countries faced at the national and global levels in 2020. The fact that the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the previously negative internal and external trends has made the problems of socio-economic development of the Republic of Korea more acute. Among them – the chronic difficulties of South Korean small and medium-sized businesses, the pressure by the president Trump’s protectionist measures in the US-South Korean and international trade in general, the consequences of the aggravation of the USChina standoff. The key challenges associated with the imposition of negative external factors on existing internal imbalances are evaluated. The analysis of the state policy to counteract the spread of the COVID-19 virus is carried out. The article examines the prerequisites for the stability of the national economy and the anti-crisis measures taken to resist internal and external challenges in the context of the pandemic, and assesses the prospects for correcting the development course that has developed in the Republic of Korea in recent years. The role of the created complex of innovative industries and modern medical support system is emphasized. The importance of public confidence in the government’s preventive health measures is noted. It shows, on the one hand, the importance of international value chains as a possible source of instability risk in the context of a pandemic, and, on the other hand, the potential of medical-related industries to maintain the dynamics of foreign economic relations. The importance of coordinating anti-crisis measures with China for the Republic of Korea in creating conditions that limit the spread of COVID-19 while maintaining the stable operation of major industries is noted. The prospects for Seoul’s participation in regional projects are evaluated, as an example, the activation of exports to ASEAN member countries of medical equipment and technologies aimed at combating the pandemic is given.
The Corona Virus Pandemic and Global Transformations: Making or Breaking International Orders?
Authors: Simons G.
Published: November 2020

In the period of the 21st century leading up to the Corona Virus pandemic, there was increasing consensus that the global order that had existed since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union where the unipolar hegemony of the United States was in relative decline, weakening and transforming. It was transforming from a unipolar to multipolar order, of course, the US was not going to leave the transformation uncontested in order to retain its privileged global position. The Corona Virus outbreak was a black swan event, it is also being used by various international actors to leverage opportunities caused by the weaknesses exposed in this extraordinary time. The US has been acting in an aggressive manner during the pandemic in an effort to try and weaken opponents and coerce friends in order to ‘cancel’ the pre-Corona Virus global transformations and retain its global hegemony.
Revisión de la Literatura sobre Pruebas Diagnósticas para COVID-19
Authors: Zambrano-Achig Paula , Montesinos-Guevara Camila , Guerra Verónica , Hidalgo-Ottolenghi Ricardo , Simancas-Racines Daniel
Published: November 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 causada por la transmisión del virus SARS-CoV-2 ha generado un gran impacto sanitario y socioeconómico de difícil solución ya que hasta el momento no existe un tratamiento o vacuna aprobado para combatirla. De esta manera, las medidas para controlar la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 se han limitado al distanciamiento social, uso de tapa bocas y a la vigilancia epidemiológica a través de la implementación de pruebas diagnósticas en la población. Estas pruebas son útiles para conocer sobre la transmisión del virus, para poder aislar a los infectados, rastrear a los sospechosos, y de esta manera, obtener datos precisos sobre el número de casos de COVID-19. El uso de distintas pruebas influye en la toma de decisiones clínicas y de políticas públicas, por lo que el objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre las pruebas de diagnóstico para SARS-CoV-2, considerando, además, las recomendaciones otorgadas por diversas guías de práctica clínica que han sido desarrolladas durante el tiempo de pandemia.
Nalbuphine Use for Postoperative Pain in Bariatric Surgery: Case Series and Rationale
Authors: De Oliveira A. R. , Conter F. S. , Martinelli E. S. , Weston A. C.
Published: November 2020

Obesity became an epidemic condition worldwide with a significant impact in healthcare and surgical interventions emerged as a treatment for it. Due to their health conditions, obese population are at higher risk of presenting opioids adverse effects. The goal of this study is to assess the potential use of nalbuphine on bariatric surgery according to its beneficial effect as an agonist-antagonist opioid.

A total of 93 medical records of consecutive patients were selected retrospectively at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. Patients were overall women, middle-aged, with obesity grade 3 and with stable comorbidities. Sleeve gastrectomy was the main surgery technique by laparoscopic approach. Anesthesia used was essentially TIVA, with Dipyrone and NSAIDS as the main adjuvants associated. The time to the first requirement of nalbuphine (TFRN) and total dose of nalbuphine in 24h (TDN24) had medians of 80 minutes and 20mg, respectively. Respiratory depression, urinary retention and pruritus were not found in any patients. The only data statistically significant was sex related TDN24, with men using almost twice larger median doses than women.

The analgesic properties and adverse effects profile look encouraging in this setting. The female prevalence is a relevant information considering the influence of gender in nalbuphine efficacy. We can see the agreement with this concept observing that the only statistically significant difference in all study was the total dose of nalbuphine in the first 24h postoperative, favoring females.
Association of Acute Otitis Media with Breast Feeding Position Among Infants in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Samia Tul , Mansoor Sana , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Alamgir Ashar , Meer Maida , Masood Fakeha , Khan Shahrukh , Mumtaz Madeeha , Akram Jehanzeb , Mansoor Hina
Published: November 2020

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the commonest disease of childhood. High incidence of AOM might be due to immature Eustachian Tube and immaturity of immune system. Exclusive breast feeding is protective against acute otitis media, however, improper breastfeeding  position can increase AOM occurrence in infants. This study aims to assess the association of improper breastfeeding position with occurrence of Acute otitis media in infants and to assess association of Maternal educational levels with feeding positions. 220 breastfed infants satisfying inclusion criteria with diagnosed AOM were enrolled. Study was conducted over a period of 6 months from August 2019 to January 2020. Demographic details and Detailed history regarding feeding positions and maternal educational levels were obtained through a Self-structured proforma from parents. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and chi square test and p value less than 0.5 was set significant. Out of 220 infants, 123(55.90%) were male and 97(44.10%) were females. AOM was more common in male infants than female infants, however it was not statistically significant(p=0.169). The mean age for enrolled infants(1-12months) was 6.90(±3.413). Statistically significant association between increase incidence of AOM and breastfeeding position was found(p=0.032). We also found a statistically significant association between maternal educational levels and breastfeeding position (p= 0.000). In this study, we have noted that Breastfeeding in supine position is associated significantly with increase in incidence of AOM. Feeding positions are statistically associated with Maternal Educational levels.
Defects in the Existing Theory of Skeletal Muscle Contraction and Postulation of a New Theory
Authors: Sasikumari O.
Published: November 2020

In 1954 , two independent research teams, one consisting of Andrew F. Huxley and Rolf Niedergerke from the University of Cambridge, and the other consisting of Hugh Huxley and Jean Hanson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed the theory of skeletal muscle contraction [1]. They used electron microscopy to study the details of muscle filaments. The structure was studied in detail by then, but the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction was not defined. Based on various assumptions about the actin and myosin filaments of muscle, later they postulated a theory called “sliding filament theory”. When this theory is scrutinized in detail, I find that there are a lot of defects in this theory, which I have pointed out and I have made an attempt to postulate a different mechanism for the skeletal muscle contraction.
Nilai-Nilai Sosial dalam Novel Bidadari Untuk Dewa karya Asma Nadia
Authors: Sari Eka Karina Kurnia , Nofita Misra , Ningsih Asih Ria
Published: November 2020

Popular novels are often underestimated because they are considered dry with valuable life values for their readers. This study aims to describe the social values contained in Asma Nadia’s novel Bidadari untuk Dewa. This type of research is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. The social values that were used as references in this study are those stated by Zubaedi (2012). The results showed that the three social values such as love, responsibility and life harmony were exist in the novel. The most dominant social value found is the value of caring for others which is included in the value of affection (Love). This is in line with the main message in the novel, which is to help others.
NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AS TRIGGER FACTOR FOR MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL DATA
Authors:   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Rodionovskaya S.R. ,   Academy of Postgraduate Education with the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia, Mazankova L.N. ,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Osmanov I.M. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Samitova E.R. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Antsupova M.A. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Koroid V.V. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kaurova E.P. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The article presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations and diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with a new coronavirus infection. Objective of the research: to identify clinical manifestations and results of laboratory and instrumental examination of pediatric patients with confirmed MIS-C caused by a new coronavirus infection, the most characteristic features of this pathology and to analyze the amount of therapy based on the assessment of epidemiological data. Results: median age – 8 years (6; 9,5), median duration of the disease at the time of hospitalization – 6 days (3; 6). A positive result of SARS-CoV-2 analysis in rhinopharyngeal swabs by PCR was in 3 patients, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA were detected in 10. Clinical manifestations included prolonged febrile fever in 11 patients, gastrointestinal symptoms of varying severity – in 10, polymorphic rash was noted in 7 cases, conjunctivitis/scleritis – in 7, edema of the eyelids, face, extremities – in 4. CNS lesion manifested itself with general cerebral and meningeal symptoms. All patients had an increase in the level of inflammation laboratory markers. In 2 children chest MSCT revealed characteristic changes for SARS-CoV-2, interpreted as CT 3–4. Therapy included intravenous immunoglobulin infusions, systemic glucocorticoids, antiviral and antibacterial drugs, anticoagulants; two patients received tocilizumab infusions.
PECULIARITIES OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Krasnova E.I. , Karpovich G.S. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia,   Novosibirsk City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 3, Novosibirsk, Russia, Komissarova T.V. ,   Novosibirsk City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 3, Novosibirsk, Russia, Izvekova I.I. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Mihajlenko M.A. ,   Novosibirsk City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 3, Novosibirsk, Russia, Serova Yu.S. ,   Novosibirsk City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 3, Novosibirsk, Russia, Shestakov A.E. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: November 2020

Materials and methods: a pilot open observational prospective study of 218 pediatric patients with laboratory-verified COVID-19 diagnosis was performed. The main epidemiological data were analyzed, including the age structure, as well as the features of the clinical course of this disease. The development of COVID-19 pneumonia was recorded in 11,5% of cases (25 patients), while more often pneumonia was recorded in children of the first year of life, as well as over 12 years of age (23,5% and 20% of cases, respectively) than in children of other age groups (p<0,05). CT-1 stage was recorded in 13 patients (52% of cases), CT-2 stage in 10 patients (40% of cases), CT-3 stage in 2 patients (8% of cases). The leading clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in children were: hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the pharynx – 100% of cases (218 patients); increased body temperature – 95,9% of cases (209 patients), while the average figures were 37,6 (36,6; 38,2)0 С; cough – 19,7% of cases (43 patients, of which 21 with pneumonia); diarrhea – 17,9% of cases (39 patients); vomiting – 6,4% of cases (14 patients); change in the auscultatory picture – 3,7% of cases (8 patients with pneumonia). In infants with COVID-19, diarrhea was more often recorded in comparison with patients in the age group over 13 years old (35% and 4% of cases, respectively; p=0,001). The development of cough was less often recorded in children of the first year of life, in Compared with patients over 13 years of age (9% and 40% of cases, respectively; p=0,004), the same trend was observed in COVID-19 pneumonia (25% and 89% of cases, respectively, p=0,02). Thus, the clinical picture of COVID-19 in pediatric patients is characterized by non-specific symptoms. There is a definite trend towards more frequent development of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients in the first year of life, as well as in puberty. Infants with COVID-19 pneumonia are characterized by a high incidence of atypical course of the disease, while adolescents are more likely to show a manifest clinical picture of COVID-19.
MICROBES INSIDE OUR BODIES: CASUAL COMPANIONS, OR PREREQUISITE FOR OUR SURVIVAL? OR WHY PROBIOTICS ARE NEEDED IN INFANT FORMULAE
Authors:   Nestlé Rossiya, Moscow, Russia, Ukraintsev S.E. , Kornienko E.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kafarskaya L.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Dubrovskaya M.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

This literature review describes evolutionary aspects of the formation of relationships between microorganisms and the human body. The formation of symbiotic relationships, which resulted in the formation of a holobiont, is discussed. Separate chapter of the article is dedicated to describing positive effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 strain for human health, including effective prevention and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PEOPLE VACCINATED AGAINST S. PNEUMONIAE TO SARS-COV-2 – MECHANISMS OF NON-SPECIFIC ACTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, Kostinov A.M. , Kostinov M.P. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The review provides data showing the nonspecific effect of preventive vaccines, such as pneumococcus, tuberculosis, and influenza, on the parameters of innate and adaptive immunity, which is reflected in a reduction of susceptibility not only to vaccine antigens, but also to other infectious pathogens. It is also discussed possible variants of immune mechanisms activation after the receiving a pneumococcal vaccine, especially conjugated polysaccharide vaccine, and their role in the interaction between the organism and the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Three variants of the nonspecific action of the vaccine are considered as the most probable: antigen mimicry, nonspecific activation and trained immunity.