bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATED QUALIFICATIONS SYSTEM – A TOOL LINKING EDUCATION SYSTEM WITH THE LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Trawińska-Konador Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The article presents the solutions of the Integrated Qualifications System, introduced by the Act on Integrated Qualifications System from 2015. Modernization of the national qualifications system by implementing the Polish Qualification Framework and the Integrated Qualifications Register allows for the gradual integration of various subsectors of the education system in which qualifications are obtained. The Polish Qualifications Framework, as the basis of the Integrated Qualifications System, is a common reference framework for qualifications granted in Poland. The second new instrument of IQS is the Integrated Register of Qualifications containing detailed information about the qualifications included in the IQS, with information on the certification bodies or quality assurance and validation procedures. System solutions introduced by the Act on Integrated Qualifications System make the education system in Poland more coherent and support citizens in lifelong learning and acquiring high-quality qualifications required by the modern labour market.
THE DISABILITY POLICY MAKING PROCESS
Authors: Kubicki Paweł , Mica Adriana , Pawlak Mikołaj
Published: October 2020

Our goal is to analyze the disability policy making process in Poland on the example of implementing the assumptions of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The key tool we use is the model of the five streams of the public policy process: problem, solutions, politics, process and program. In particular, we look at the role played by the movement of people with disabilities in this process. We claim that the weakness of the movements and the origins of activism of people with disabilities other than in Western countries makes the implementation of the Convention in Poland difficult and often ends in failure.
Pelmeg®, a biosimilar pegfilgrastim developed in the context of evolving regulatory guidelines
Authors: Roth Karsten , Wessels Hendrik , Hoefler Josef , Scholz Ulrike , Lehnick Dirk
Published: October 2020

Pelmeg® is a biosimilar pegfilgrastim, which obtained European Union (EU) regulatory approval in September 2018, with marketing beginning in January 2019. A comprehensive analytical, functional and preclinical comparability programme demonstrated a high degree of similarity between Pelmeg® and its reference product Neulasta®. A targeted clinical development programme was conducted with Pelmeg®, consisting of two comparative pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) studies in healthy subjects. Since a surrogate endpoint for efficacy (absolute neutrophil count [ANC]) was available, efficacy and safety studies in patients were waived by the regulatory authorities. Clinical studies with Pelmeg® were designed in close dialogue with regulatory authorities in Europe. During the development process for Pelmeg®, the EU biosimilar guidelines, in particular relating to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), were modified. The development of Pelmeg® demonstrates that regular discussions with regulators, in the form of scientific advice or other interactions, are valuable opportunities for dialogue regarding scientific progress related to the comparability of biosimilars. Regulators – at least in the area of biosimilar development – were found to be open to improvements and to deviate from existing guidelines if there was agreement that the scientific state-of-the-art has superseded some aspect of the guidelines. Overall, we suggest that abridged development programmes waiving the need for phase III studies, as described for Pelmeg®, are possible, in particular if good surrogate endpoints are available. In line with this, the number of waivers for phase III studies in biosimilar development has increased in recent years.
Dynamic Capabilities: Closing the Competence Gap in Order to Assure Exploitation of New Opportunities
Authors: Giniuniene Jurgita , Pundziene Asta
Published: October 2020

Current dynamics of business environment and challenges that businesses are facing force firms to reorganize resources for becoming more effective at opportunity identification and exploitation. However, exploitation of new opportunities is often challenged by competency gap at the firm level. Often current level of competence of the firm does not meet the requirements coming with the new opportunities. In the literature on management science, learning is perceived as one of the greatest contributors in smooth and directed resource reconfiguration process. The outcome of learning is often linked to new knowledge and competencies that allow successful exploitation of identified opportunities within an external and internal business environment. Therefore, this paper aims to propose hypothetical model on how the successful implementation of new business opportunities is linked to multiple-loop organizational learning and closing of the competence gap of the firm. The aim is achieved by synergizing extant literature in the fields of dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurship and organizational learning. Critical analysis of relevant research leads to the development of a conceptual model explaining the process of how the firm is able to close the competence gap and assure successful opportunity exploitation within the firm. This results in the formation of the research questions for future empirical research. The study adds value to the existing literature by identifying the learning process that stimulates successful opportunity exploitation, drawing on the multiple-loop learning perspective, and applying dynamic capabilities framework.
Gaps in Embryo Model Ethics
Authors: Wilger Kevin ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: October 2020

Embryo models are aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that exhibit aspects of embryonic development. Investigators use embryo models to study mammalian development and prevent adverse outcomes in pregnancy. However, researchers have called for debate on ethical guidelines for the use of embryo models. In addition, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) has announced that it will update its research guidelines to more fully address embryo models. If embryo models are equivalent to human embryos, then they deserve the respect afforded to all humans. The definition of the organismic potential of an embryo model should not require complete mature development or the presence of all of the typical organism’s parts. There are explanatory gaps in the ISSCR’s published recommended guidelines. The research needed to determine the nature of the human embryo model places the model in danger; thus, principled caution is needed in moving forward.
Qualidade de água para consumo humano em Riacho Frio, Piauí
Authors: Lustosa Rômulo Vargas , Iwata Bruna de Freitas , Bembem Anaian Antunes , Lima Temístocles Pacheco , Souza Ítalo Rômulo Mendes de , Salomão Leandro Caixeta
Published: October 2020

O Brasil é um país privilegiado pelo manancial que dispõe. As águas subterrâneas são fundamentais para o abastecimento público no Brasil, muitas regiões dependem dos mananciais subterrâneos, no entanto, a distribuição natural desse recurso não é equilibrada. O estado do Piauí está inserido nesta realidade: as fontes subterrâneas de abastecimentos os recursos naturais utilizados tradicionalmente para abastecer essas regiões. As águas subsuperficiais também estão susceptíveis a contaminação. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a qualidade da água subsuperficial utilizada no sistema de abastecimento humano da cidade de Riacho Frio, Estado do Piauí. O sistema de captação e distribuição de água do município é composto por dois poços tubulares e uma estação elevatória de onde prossegue a distribuição da água pelo sistema de abastecimento da cidade. Foram realizadas campanhas de coleta de amostras em períodos secos e chuvosos. Para cada amostra coletada foram analisados parâmetros físico-químicos, bioquímicos e microbiológicos da água e prosseguiu-se com o enquadramento ao padrão definido pelas resoluções do CONAMA 357/2005 e 396/2008 e portaria do MS 05/2017, bem como construção do Índice de Qualidade de Água (IQA). Em todos os pontos, em ambos os períodos de coleta, o IQA foi enquadrado como nível 'bom' ou 'ótimo', sendo a qualidade da água considerada satisfatória. Nos dados do período seco, todas as amostras de OD, 75% das amostras de coliformes termotolerantes, não estão adequadas conforme o padrão, já no período chuvoso, em 75% das amostras de nitrogênio total e 100% das amostras de fósforo total estão em desconformidade com o padrão determinado em legislação.
Postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables in different microregions of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Lusiane de Sousa , Ferreira Antonio Gabriel da Costa , Amorim Deucleiton Jardim , Silva Marcelo de Sousa da , Silva Luana Ribeiro , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Freitas José Roberto Brito , Sousa Washington da Silva , Araújo Ricardo Alves de , Oliveira Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de
Published: October 2020

The fruits and vegetables sector is one of the most relevant activities in the Brazilian economy, but it is frequently affected by barriers, such as the expressive rates of postharvest losses. In Maranhão, studies about these indicators are scarce, although they could assist in the identification of risk factors, food distribution, and improvement in socioeconomic and environmentals aspects. This study aimed to carry out a socioeconomic survey of the marketing and post-harvest losses of fruit and vegetables in the main retail markets of seven cities in Maranhão. For six months, direct interviews in 107 commercial establishments, were performed. The results indicated that more than 96% of fruits and vegetables come from Piauí, Bahia, and Ceará, transported in open trucks, without refrigeration, and on paved roads. Among fruits, papaya (17.90%), avocado (16.55%), and guava (13.82%) stand out as those which commonly present a higher loss rate, while for vegetables were eggplant (24.70%), potatoes (15.98%), and cucumber (15.69%). Furthermore, Physiological disorders and mechanical damage were considered as the major causes leading to the losses. Comparing among the cities, Santa Quitéria and São Bernardo are the ones that showed elevated losses rates. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the production of fruits and vegetables in Maranhão, as well as to provide better training in commercial management and good postharvest practices to increase the profitability of this activity and reduce environmental impacts.
Pages of the life of M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky in the material historical sources
Authors: Blume Ya. B. , Barshteyn Yu. V.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To investigate and to enter into scientific circulation material historical sources related to the biography of M.V. Timofeev-ResSovsky. Methods. The paper used both general scientific (historical, logical) and special (subject-chronological, retrospective) methods. Results and discussion. The role of Kyiv in shaping the future scientific vocation of M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky, the work of a scientist in Germany and the reasons why he did not return to the USSR in the late 1930s, outlines the facts of Timofeev-Ressovsky life after the Second World War. The scientific activity of scientist has been briefly analyzed. Conclusions. The analysis of material historical sources made it possible to investigate and bring into scientific circulation the objects of phaleristics, numismatics (medallic art), philately and a rather rare object of collecting – telephone cards of the Russian Empire, the USSR, Russia, the former GDR and Germany, to tell about some pages of the biography of M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky.

Keywords: M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky, history of biology, phaleristics, numismatics, philately, telephone card.
Evaluation of genetic diversity of honey bee in Ukraine analyzed by the SSR-markers
Authors: Hryhorchuk D. I. , Rabokon A. M. , PostovoitovA A. S. , Pirko N. M. , Pirko Ya. V. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: October 2020

Aim. The aim of the work was to analyze current genetic structure of honey bee populations in Ukraine that belong to different subspecies: A. meliffera meliffera, A. meliffera carnica, A. meliffera macedonica using microsatellite markers. Methods. SSR-analysis was used for evaluation of the honey bee polymorphism. Amplified fragments were fractionated by electrophoresis in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. DNA bands were detected using silver nitrate staining. Results. The analysis of the sample of honey bees (workers and male-bees) collected from different regions of Ukraine was performed by using two SSR-markers (Ac011 and A007). In this sample reasonably high polymorphism was observed, especially for the SSR-marker A007. Conclusions. It was estimated that SSR-analysis method can be applied in molecular-genetic analysis of honey bees for evaluation of genetic diversity and cross-subspecies hybridization.

Keywords: microsatellite markers, Apis meliffera, PIC (Polymorphism Information Content).
Analysis of the role of kynurenine metabolism in drosophila viability control at the high sugar diet influence
Authors: Navrotskaya V. V. , Sapota Yu. Yu.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To analyze viability and life span of drosophila at genetic and pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, when cultivating on the standard nutritive medium and at a high sugar diet. Methods. Wild type stock and the stock with vermilion mutation have been used. Viability (number of individuals, mortality at the pupal stage) and median life span of imagoes have been determined. Results. High sugar diet has been found to negatively affect the viability of drosophila, leading to increased mortality at the pupal stage and decrease of males’ life span; wild-type stock is less resistant to the influence of such diet as compared with mutant stock. Berberine (an inhibitor of tryptophan dioxygenase) when added to the high sugar nutritive medium reduces the negative effect of a high sugar diet on life span of the wild-type stock: males’ life span reaches control values and in females life span is even more than in the control. Conclusions. Decrease of kynurenines content in the flies organisms (both at the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism) may attenuate negative influence of the high sugar diet.

Keywords: drosophila, viability, life span, kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, high sugar diet.
Genetic background for moderate resistance against fusarium head blight among winter wheat developed in the Forrest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Karelov A. V. , Kozub N. A. , Kucheriavy I. I. , Sozinova O. I. , Sozinov I. O. , Riabchun V. K. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: October 2020

Aim. The aim of the work was to evaluate the genetic background of resistance to Fusarium head blight in common winter wheat cultivars based on the allelic state of the TDF_076_2D gene conferring tolerance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. fungi. Methods. We studied 91 winter common wheat cultivars developed in the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine. A silica-based commercial kit was used for DNA extraction. For the allelic state detection, the INDEL1 marker co-segregating with the TDF_076_2D gene was used. Results. The frequency of the resistance allele according to the marker for the gene conferring moderate resistance to the Fusarium fungi made up 0.802. Conclusions. The majority of the common wheat cultivars from the studied sample carry the resistance allele of the gene of interest. The data obtained are consistent with the results of previous research for the wider sample of the winter and spring common wheat cultivars. The cultivars with confirmed resistance allele might show lower infection level in the field and serve as a source of the gene in marker assisted selection.

Keywords: common wheat, disease resistance genes, Fusarium head blight, molecular markers.
Radiation-induced modification of secondary metabolites contents in plants of Salvia officinalis L. and Silybum marianum L.
Authors: Pchelovska S. A. , Litvinov S. V. , Shylina Yu. V. , Zhuk V. V. , Lystvan K. V. , Salivon A. G. , Tonkal L. V.
Published: October 2020

Aim. Long-term studies of the effect of sublethal doses of pre-sowing low-LET ionizing radiation on seeds have demonstrated the effectiveness of radiation biotechnology to stimulate the accumulation of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites in medicinal raw materials of a number of common medicinal plants in Ukraine. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation technology in the case of seeds of Salvia officinalis L. and Silybum marianum L. Methods. X-ray irradiation of seeds at doses up to 50 Gy, spectrophotometric analysis of water-ethanol extracts, fluorescence microscopy of leaf epidermis were used. Results. Doses of pre-sowing X-ray irradiation were selected which maximally stimulate both the increase of biomass of medicinal raw materials and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In particular for Salvia officinalis L. doses are 5 Gy and 20 Gy, for Silybum marianum L. are 10 Gy and 20 Gy. Conclusions. It is recommended to use two stimulating doses at the same time, as the result of exposure depends essentially on the physiological status of the seeds, growing conditions, varietal characteristics. Increasing the content of flavonoids and phenols in medicinal raw materials has been shown to be a reliable and reproducible marker of stimulating of rosemary acid accumulation in Salvia officinalis leaves.

Keywords: radiation-induced stimulation, Salvia officinalis, Silybum marianum, rosemary acid, silibinin.
Creation of a genetic vector carrying a synthesis bacterial protein gene CAS9 for plant genome editing
Authors: Hnatiuk I. S. , Varchenko O. I. , Parii M. F. , Symonenko Yu. V.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To create a genetic construct carrying the bacterial protein Cas9 gene, the reporter β-glucuronidase gus gene, as well as the marker phosphinotricin-N-acetyltransferase bar gene for plant genome editing. Methods. Molecular-biological, biotechnological, microbiological and bioinformatic methods were used in the study; Golden Gate molecular cloning method was used to create genetic constructs. Results. The genetic construct pSPE2053 which carries the Cas9 endonuclease gene, the gus and bar genes was created; the assembly correctness of all vector elements was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction; the construct was transferred to Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells; β-glucuronidase gene expression was verified by histochemical analysis after Nicotiana rustica L transient genetic transformation. Conclusions. The created genetic construct can be used to edit the plant genome for both stable and transient genetic transformation to accumulate recombinant Cas9 protein. The guide RNA sequences may be subsequently transferred into such plants using either stable or transient genetic transformation or traditional crossing methods.

Keywords: cloning, genetic construction, gus and bar genes, Cas9 endonuclease protein, transient expression.
Morphological features of recovery in model rats liver cirrhosis induced by CCl4 after transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbillical cord
Authors: Pikus P. O. , Rymar S. Yu. , Shuvalova N. S. , Butschek P. V.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the process of recovery of rat liver in a model of cirrhosis, which was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4, after transplantation human umbilical cord MSCs. Today in the world as an alternative to liver transplantation is offered cell therapy, which leads to the recovery of organ’s functions through the injection of MSCs. The key role of MSCs in the development of fibrosis and its final stage - liver cirrhosis is the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the extracellular matrix. Methods. The methods of histology and morphometry were used in the work. Results. It was found, that 13 weeks after CCl4 induction, the amount of collagen increased 7 times, atrophic, sclerotic changes in the architectonics of rat liver and functional disorders of hepatocytes were observed. After transplantation of human umbilical cord MSCs - 6-7x106 cells / kg body weight of the animal, was shown that after 3 weeks the rate of collagen accumulation decreased and after 13 weeks the amount of ECMs and other morphometric indexes almost corresponded to the negative control. Conclusions. Studies have shown that transplantation MSCs from human umbilical cord leads to almost complete regeneration of the rat liver which was caused by experimental liver cirrhosis with intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Keywords: human umbilical cord MSCs, extracellular matrix, hepatocytes.
Protein status of winter wheat cell lines with combined tolerace to abiotic stresses
Authors: Sergeeva L. E. , Dykun M. O. , Bronnikova L. I.
Published: October 2020

Aim. Winter wheat cell lines were selected on medium with the addition of lethal doses of Cd2+ cations. Those variants demonstrated stable growth under osmotic stress pressure. The aim of the investigation was the estimation of cell protein status during cultivation under various conditions. Methods. Cd-resistant cell lines of winter wheat (cv. Favoritka) were cultivated under normal conditions and on cultural media with addition of lethal doses of manitol or Cd2+ (stresses I, II). From calli tissues crude protein matter was obtained and detected by Laemmli system electrophoresis. Results. Cd-resistant winter cell lines showed stable growth under any abiotic stress pressure. Electrophoregrams demonstrated peculiar features of some protein fraction accumulation that correlated with the age of cultures and type of stress agent. Conclusions. There were no decrease of total protein pools in calli tissues during cell cultivation under any (manitol, Cd2+) lethal stress pressure. The quantitative accumulation of some protein fractions were correlated with the type of stress agent. This event was especially manifested in variants, cultivated on media with manitol addition. Protein status of Cd-resistant cell lines of winter wheat is the reflection of their combined stress tolerance.

Keywords: winter wheat, cell selection, cadmium ions, osmotic stress, tolerant cell line, protein.
Modern technologies of increasing the tolerance of in vitro cultured plants to ex vitro conditions
Authors: Hrytsak L. R. , Drobyk N. M.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To analyze the experience of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technologies to increase the adaptive potential of cultivated in vitro plants to ex vitro conditions. Results. Modern acclimatization technologies are mainly aimed at improving the methods of adaptation of planting material of in vitro collections to ex vitro conditions. Much less attention is paid to technologies to increase plant resilience at the stage of their multiplication and growth in vitro. Integration and systematization of research results of a large number of scientists is allowed to describe the main strategies and methodological techniques, which implementation can significantly increase the adaptive potential of in vitro plants. Conclusions. Optimization of physical and chemical conditions of plant cultivation in vitro can induce changes in their phenotype, intensity of photosynthetic reactions, water balance, which increases the adaptive potential of plants and facilitates the process of their acclimatization to ex vitro conditions.

Key words: in vitro plants, acclimatization to ex vitro conditions, adaptive potential, technology.
Elevopgaver og elevproduktioner i matematik
Authors: Hansen Rune , Jepsen Kaj Nedergaard , Jørgensen Lars Henrik
Published: October 2020

Artiklen beskriver en kvantitativ undersøgelse af tre skolers opgavedidaktiske praksis i matematik. Undersøgelsen udgør et selvstændigt projekt under en ramme kaldet Universitetsskoleprojektet, som er et samarbejde mellem de tre skoler og læreruddannelsen på Professionshøjskolen UC Syd. I projektet er der udarbejdet et analyseredskab til analyse af de indsamlede elevopgaver og elevprodukter. Undersøgelsen viser en praksis, som overvejende er baseret på læremidler, hvor færdighedsopgaver inden for tal og algebra samt geometri udgør størsteparten af elevopgaverne. Elevprodukterne fra de undersøgte opgaver viser, at eleverne gør, som de bliver bedt om, og at svaret på opgaverne ofte er et tal (facit).
Elevernes trivsel og mentale sundhed
Authors: Wistoft Karen
Published: October 2020

På basis af et survey for elever og forældre vedrørende nødundervisningen under coronakrisen sætter denne artikel fokus på, hvordan coronakrisen påvirkede elevernes trivsel og mentale sundhed, hvilke bekymringer de selv og forældrene havde, og hvordan begge parter håndterede skolelukningerne.

Næsten alle børnene savnede vennerne, skolen og fritiden, og knap en femtedel følte sig ensomme. Dels blev den fysiske kontakt med vennerne stærkt reduceret, dels var mange af børnene usikre på deres egen læring, hvilket kan hænge sammen med, at de arbejdede alene og ikke havde samme grad af kontakt til lærerne som normalt. Samtidig udtrykte også en del af forældrene bekymring for deres børns læring og trivsel og for deres helbred og mentale trivsel.

Herudover kan der identificeres en sammenhæng mellem elevernes vurdering af deres mentale sundhed og graden af kontakt med lærere og kammerater samt forældrenes vurdering af hverdagen. Der er ligeledes en sammenhæng mellem børns ensomhedsfølelse og forældrenes grad af bekymring; de børn, der føler sig mest ensomme, er også de børn, som har de mest bekymrede forældre.

Endelig spiller både alder, køn og socioøkonomisk baggrund ind: Således vurderer elever, hvis forældre har lav socioøkonomisk status, i undersøgelsen deres egen mentale sundhed lavere end øvrige elever.
Studieaktivitetsmodellen redesignet
Authors: Gundersen Peter , Gynther Karsten , Nortvig Anne-Mette
Published: October 2020

Denne artikel giver et bud på et redesign af professionshøjskolernes fælles model for relevante studieaktiviteter, den såkaldte Studieaktivitetsmodel (SAM). Gennem de seneste år er modellen blevet kritiseret fra forskelligt hold, idet særligt de kvadranter, der ikke inkluderer underviserdeltagelse, volder forståelsesmæssige problemer og prioriteres lavt af studerende. For at løse en række af disse udfordringer er alle kvadranter i den nedenfor redesignede studieaktivitetsmodel didaktisk designede af undervisere, ligesom begrebet om underviserdeltagelse nytænkes og udfoldes. Den redesignede model udfordrer således deltagelsesbegrebet, idet underviseren ses som deltager både gennem fysisk/synkront tilstedevær med studerende men også asynkront og medieret til stede i en studieaktivitet fxgennem video. I artiklen eksemplificeres den redesignede model gennem inddragelse af digitale læremidler som MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), idet netop MOOCs i højeste grad inddrager undervisningsformater, hvori underviseren som udgangspunkt er fysisk fraværende.
Zirgvilkmes ratu ražošana Latvijā 20. gadsimtā
Authors: Zvirgzdiņš Indulis
Published: October 2020

Pagājušā gadsimta pirmajā pusē ratu izgatavošanā sadarbojās kokamatnieki un kalēji, kas vairumā gadījumu strādāja individuāli. Darbojās arī lielāki uzņēmumi, galvenokārt pilsētās. Galvenā uzmanība pievērsta Madonas apkārtnei. Kā piemērs izmantota Augusta Mazura (1885–1975) ratu un ragavu darbnīca, kas bija apvidū ievērojamākā. Tā tika izveidota 1924. gadā un darbu turpināja arī padomju laikā. Zirgvilkmes rati vietējos pārvadājumos bija galvenais transporta līdzekļu veids Latvijas Republikā un tās teritorijā arī desmitgadē pēc Otrā pasaules kara. Vēlāk pakāpeniski pieauga autotransporta loma. Ratus un ragavas gatavoja uz vietas, vairums automašīnu tika ievestas.In the first half of the last century, wood craftsmen and blacksmiths collaborated in the manufacture of carriages, but in most cases, they worked individually. There were also larger companies operating mainly in cities. The author’s main focus is on the Madona area. The carriage and sled workshop of Augusts Mazurs (1885–1975), which was the most significant in the area, is used as an example. It was established in 1924 and continued its work during the Soviet era. Horse-drawn carriages were the main mode of local transport in the Republic of Latvia and its territory also in the decade after World War II. Later, the role of road transport gradually increased. Carriages and sleds were made on site, most cars were imported.
Izgudrotājdarbības attīstība Latvijā: izgudrotāju biedrības, izstādes, patenti un racionalizatoru kustība
Authors: Griņevičs Ivans
Published: October 2020

Raksts iepazīstina ar izgudrotājdarbību un izgudrotāju biedrībām Latvijā no cariskās Krievijas laika 18. gadsimtā līdz 2019. gadam. Par izgudrotājdarbību līdz šim apkopojoša pētījuma nav, ir pētījums tikai par starpkaru laiku. Izgudrotāju vidū ir daudz inženieru, un šajā pētījumā atspoguļota Rīgas Politehnikuma (RP), Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) un Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) studentu, absolventu un mācībspēku līdzdalība izgudrotājdarbībā. Pētījumā sniegts ieskats izgudrojumu aizsardzības vēsturē, izgudrotājdarbībā, starptautiskajās izgudrojumu un inovāciju izstādēs, izgudrotāju biedrību darbā.The article introduces inventors’ activities and inventors’ societies in Latvia in the 18th century, when it was part of tsarist Russia, until 2019. There is only one study on inventors’ activities, which includes the interwar period. There are many engineers among inventors, and this study reflects the participation of students, graduates and lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP), Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Riga Technical University (RTU) in inventors’ activities. The research provides an insight into the history of protection of inventions, inventors’ activities, international exhibitions of inventions and innovations, activities of inventors’ societies.
Intervención Social como forma de Investigación Social: Abuso Sexual Infantil y Terapia Narrativa
Authors: Bustos Villarroel Alexis
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo pretende abordar y problematizar los métodos clásicos de investigación social. Para tales efectos, se realizará un análisis de caso en la temática de abuso sexual infantil, abordaje que se enmarca desde la terapia narrativa, resaltando la dimensión ético-política de la intervención/investigación social. Para estos efectos, se tomará como referencia un abordaje particular, denominado ceremonia de definición, la cual recopila información sumamente significativa, toda vez que esta emerge desde la vivencia misma de las víctimas de abuso, y como ello, puede sedimentar un elemento recopilación de información, para generar nuevas formas de abordaje en temáticas tan sensibles como lo es el abuso sexual infantil. De esta forma, la novedad que se pretende mostrar en el presente artículo, es el hecho que son las propias víctimas las que asesoran a otras, en la temática que las vincula: el abuso sexual infantil
El Arribo a Liceos Públicos de Excelencia. La figura materna como recurso para el cambio en el contexto escolar
Authors: Santana López Alejandra , Mejías Meneses Evelyn
Published: October 2020

El artículo presenta un diseño de intervención titulado “Transición a la Enseñanza Media. El arribo a Liceos Públicos de Excelencia” que apunta a facilitar los procesos de transición de niños/as que se mueven desde escuelas básicas locales (Enseñanza Básica) a Liceos Públicos de Excelencia (Enseñanza Media) a través del fortalecimiento de la figura materna. Las madres resultan ser el principal apoyo para los niños/as y quienes ejercen activamente estrategias de involucramiento familiar en relación a los establecimientos en contextos de vulnerabilidad sociocultural. La intervención busca fortalecer a las madres propiciando el desarrollo de habilidades en el área personal y social que faciliten su participación en los Liceos mediante estrategias de acompañamiento individual y grupal. La apuesta se centra en considerar que madres fortalecidas en su rol social en un sentido amplio generarán un impacto positivo y virtuoso de carácter ecosistémico en los niños/as, la familia y su comunidad educativa
Treatment of Poultry Wastewater Using Shells from African Cherry Seeds, Egg and Crab
Authors: Aleshinloye Abimbola O. , Ngangsso Kemayou , Adaramola Feyisara B. , Onigbinde Adebayo
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the potential of some agricultural wastes viz; African Star apple seed shell (ASS, plant source), crab shell (CS, animal source) and chicken egg shell (ES, animal source) as eco-friendly and low-cost biological materials for the removal of heavy metals from poultry wastewater. TS, TSS and TDS of the wastewater sample were assayed by filtration methods, chloride content by previously reported method and heavy metal contents (Zn, V, Cd, Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr and Mn); were analyzed using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. The results of the solids and chloride contents of the poultry wastewater were TDS (3100 mg/L), TS (3700 mg/L), TSS (6000 mg/L) and chloride (4.7 g/L); all above the EPA permissible limits. Results of the FTIR analysis showed that ASS is an amide polymer while the CS and ES shells are mixtures of amide and carbonate polymers. Also, results of heavy metal analysis before and after adsorption showed that ASS caused removal of Zn, V, Fe, Cu, Co/ Pb and Mn by 48.27, 32.22, 49.64, 91.44, 100 and 82.39% respectively while Cd, Ni and Cr contents increased by 31, 61 and 48.3% respectively. CS showed removal of Fe, Ni/ Co/ Cr, Pb and Mn by 89.64, 100, 3.51 and 95.96% respectively while Zn, V, Cd and Cu contents increased by 1.7, 61.2, 76.1 and 68.1% respectively. Meanwhile, with ES, the contents of Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn increased by 31.56, 86.36, 100, 55.5, 45.80 and 90.33% respectively while the contents of V, Cd, Co and Pb decreased by 78.9, 86.7, 42.5 and 46.2% respectively. This study demonstrated the use of ASS, CS and ES as low- cost and eco-friendly agricultural wastes with significant potential for removal of heavy metals from wastewaters.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Yogurts from Composites of Powdered Cow Milk, Soy Milk and Cornstarch
Authors: Obiora C. U. , Igwe E. C. , Udeagha E. C. , Orjiakor S. N. , Anarado C. S.
Published: October 2020

This research was carried out to evaluate the appropriate levels of substitution of powdered cow milk with soy milk and cornstarch needed to produce yoghurt, evaluating its quality and potential for acceptance. Powdered cow milk was substituted with soymilk and cornstarch up to 30% to produce yogurt and market sample yogurt was used as control. Each composite blend milk samples was homogenized, pasteurized at 75°C for 5 min, cooled and inoculated with a mixed freeze-dried starter culture containing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus at 45°C, fermented for 6 h and cooled to 4˚C. The proximate, chemical, microbial, functional and sensory evaluation of the composite yogurt samples was determined. The yogurt samples were coded ACS-1 to ACS-13 where ACS-13 represent control. The result of the proximate analysis showed that moisture content ranged from 82.04 – 88.71%, protein ranged 2.05 – 6.48%,  fat ranged from 2.14 – 3.62%,  carbohydrate ranged from 4.30 – 9.91% and ash content ranged from 0.53 – 1.48%. The pH ranged from 3.73 – 4.82. For microbial evaluation, the total viable bacteria count ranged from 1.90x107 – 11.60x107, total coliform count ranged from 0.50x107 – 3.90x107. For chemical and functional evaluation, the total solids ranged from 11.28 – 16.96%, titratable acidity ranged from 0.30 – 1.80%, syneresis ranged from 0.00 – 28.33%, water absorption capacity ranged from 0.00 – 75.53% and apparent viscosity ranged from 1337- 4863 cP. For sensory evaluation, yogurt produced with 100% powdered milk (ACS-1) was the most preferred while yogurt sample produced with 50% powdered milk, 30% cornstarch and 20% soy milk (ACS-10) was the least preferred among other yogurt samples. This study revealed the mix ratios of powdered cow milk, soy milk and cornstarch that were acceptable in accordance with yogurt standard and the extent the quality of yogurt was generally accepted with the use of processing adjuncts (soymilk and cornstarch).
Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Steel H-Shaped Beam-to-Column Connections
Authors: Seo Seongyeon
Published: October 2020

In terms of the moment frame system of steel structures, early brittle fractures developed in the H-shaped beam-to-column connection during the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes, thereby indicating insufficient seismic performance of these components. In this study, experiments were conducted on two-side shear connections of web and rib plate reinforcements of the flanges on an H-shaped beam-to-column connection. According to the test results, the H-shaped beam-to-column connections with two-side shear connections of beam web and rib plate reinforcements of the flanges were superior to the existing connections in terms of initial stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, and plastic rotational capacity. The test values exceeded 4.2%, 0.027 rad, and 125% in terms of story drift ratio, total plastic rotation capacity, and full plastic moment of the beam, respectively. Accordingly, the proposed H-shaped beam-to-column connection showed better performance than that of the intermediate moment frame regarding seismic design.
Development of System for Responding to Fire in Space Outside Traditional Market
Authors: So Yoonbeom , Kim Yonghan , Min Sehong
Published: October 2020

As severe fire occurs and spreads successively in a traditional market, the need for the prompt response to the fire in the space outside the traditional market becomes more urgent. The fire-detection system used for the Daegu S-traditional market has the problems of having no adaptability to outside space, achieving fire detection reliability for the inside space owing to false alarms, and for operating the critical fire-detection signal delivered from the fire detector through the fire command center to the fire station in the independent state without interconnectedness. Hence, in this study, a reliable image-based fire-detection system prepared for reducing the fire risks of the traditional market, including the problems of the occurrence of unwanted alarms and adaptability to fire detection in the outside space, is developed. A demonstration-based real-time-situation notice system was connected from the fire detector to the fire command center, fire stations, merchants, and residents.
Experimental Study on Measurement of Time to Reach Ignition Point Based on Installation of Addressable Detector in Traditional Market
Authors: Lee Jiman , Lee Semyeoung
Published: October 2020

Because fire in a traditional market spreads very fast, it is necessary to install an alarm system that can detect the fire early and identify the exact ignition point. The addressable detector can be used to identify the ignition point quickly using the address function. In this study, an existing general-type detector installed in a traditional market was replaced with an addressable detector, and firefighters measured the time taken to reach the initial ignition point. From the experimental results, the average time taken from DaeSin 119 Safety Center to reach the virtual ignition point on the 2nd floor of the 2nd district of Seomun Market was 3 min 12 s when the ＜general-type detector-P-type receiver＞ system was applied. However, the time was 2 min 8 s when the ＜addressable-type detector-R-type receiver＞system was applied. Based on the experimental investigation, it was confirmed that the time required for firefighters to reach the initial ignition point decreased when the existing general-type detector was replaced with the addressable detector.
Tensile Performance Analysis of Ultra-Rapid-Hardening Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Based on Cement Kiln Dust Content
Authors: Chun Booki , Shin Wonsik , Jang Yun Sik , Yoo Doo-Yeol
Published: October 2020

In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust and silica fume on the tensile performance of fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures comprising special materials and polyethylene fiber for the reinforcement of facilities were analyzed. For the purpose of repair, ultra-rapid-hardening cement with high C3A content was employed, and the cement was replaced with supplementary cementitious materials such as granulated ground blast furnace slag, limestone powder, cement kiln dust, and silica fume. Cement kiln dust was incorporated at 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% weight of cement, and silica fume was incorporated at 20% and 40% weight of cement. Four hours after specimen fabrication, a direct tensile test was conducted. The obtained experimental results indicate that the tensile performance (including tensile strength, strain capacity, and energy dissipation capacity) is found to be significantly high when the content of silica fume is 20% and that of cement kiln dust is 15%.
Seismic Design and Performance Evaluation of Fusion-Type Polyethylene Pipeline
Authors: Park DongSoon
Published: October 2020

It is known that buried polyethylene (PE) pipes exhibit good seismic performance owing to their flexibility and ductility. The use of PE pipes as buried pipelines is gradually increasing, but currently, there are no seismic design or seismic performance evaluation procedures for domestic PE pipes in Korea. In this study, a seismic design and performance evaluation procedure for a domestic fusion-type PE pipe was developed based on the response displacement method, which is relatively easy to apply. The procedure was based on a method of examining whether the sum of the axial strain induced by both normal and seismic loading was within the allowable strain of the PE pipe. While calculating the axial strain of the ground, a coefficient was introduced to account for the heterogeneity of the ground. A seismic review method for ground deformation, i.e., ground liquefaction, was also introduced. The proposed procedure will provide a useful technical basis for evaluating the seismic design and performance of buried PE pipes in future studies.
Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions around the Korean Peninsula: A Long-term Simulation Study for Hypothetical Eruption Scenarios
Authors: Park Kihyun , Min Byung-Il , Kim Sora , Kim Jiyoon , Suh Kyung-Suk
Published: October 2020

To build a response against potential volcanic risks around Korea, we developed a three-dimensional Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model (VATDM), known as the Lagrangian Atmospheric Dose Assessment System-Volcanic Ash (LADAS-VA) model. Using the LADAS-VA model, we performed numerous simulations for multiple year-round hypothetical eruptions of several representative volcanoes around the Korean peninsula. We analyzed the simulation results and revealed the impacts of hypothetical volcanic eruptions on the Korean peninsula as counting the number of days influenced by the season. Overall simulations for hypothetical volcanic eruptions around the Korean peninsula revealed that the most impactful eruptions would potentially occur during the summer season. Long-term simulations examining hypothetical eruption scenarios at least over a decade must be conducted to enable the analysis of deviations on a year-on-year basis, in comparison with the climatological normals.
Fire Resistance of Steel Composite Beams without Fire Protection
Authors: Ahn Jaekwon , Yeo Inhwan , Cho Gyuhwan , Hwang Kyujae
Published: October 2020

In this study, the fire resistance of steel composite beams typically used in building structures was investigated through standard fire and loading tests. For the tests, fire-exposure conditions depending on the steel section shape and load ratio applied to the beams were considered as the test parameters. Based on the test results, the applicability of fire design methods for composite beams recommended in current domestic and overseas fire design codes was analyzed. The results indicate that the current temperature-based design method and reduced flexural capacity method specified by the American Institute of Steel Construction may lead to the conservative fire design of steel composite beams owing to the underestimation of the effects of the fire-exposure conditions and load ratios.
Sexuality Education; Needed but Disputable?
Authors: Wahba Mamdouh M
Published: October 2020

As they grow up, adolescents need and require age‐appropriate and culturally sensitive sexuality education in order to provide them with the knowledge and skills to navigate safely through the critical phase of adolescence. However, many young people in many parts of the world are inadequately prepared to make proper decisions and choices. A large number of them lack the accurate knowledge and proper skills to adopt a safe and healthy lifestyle, including sexual practices.

Findings from a review of literature concerning sexuality education programs across the globe indicate that there has been persistent and wide debate around this issue in many communities. The controversy is mainly due to the sociocultural sensitivity of issues of sexuality and a lack of political will to address this subject.

Certain actions are suggested to be taken during the design and implementation of the sexual education programs that could soften the sensitivities around the issue and make them more appealing to all stakeholders, to ensure that no one is left behind.

Key Concepts

Young people need and have the right to be provided with adequate and accurate sexual and reproductive health information and skills.

Providing young people with information and skills has been proved to have substantial positive impact on their health, development and well‐being.

Most of the abiding concepts for sexuality education stemmed from the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo 1994 which was endorsed by 178 countries.

People are not the same. They share many characteristics but differ widely in many others; particularly the cultural beliefs, trends and practices.

In many parts of the world, sexuality remains a taboo, a shameful and indecent issue not to be discussed in public or with young people. Therefore, the term sexuality education is not tolerated by policymakers, parents, teachers and the whole community in many societies.

School‐based sexuality education is the most cost‐effective approach to reach a large number of young people and provide them with age‐appropriate information and skills in a safe and trusted environment.

There are major differences among the various school‐based sexuality education programs in the diverse global community; these are advanced in some countries and altogether nonexistent in others.

All international declarations and recommendations emphasise that sexuality education should be culturally appropriate, respecting diversity and addressing the real needs of young people.

Currently, many young people around the world are unable to access the sexual and reproductive health information they need to know or to acquire the skills they have the right to obtain. This should emphasise the need to develop a different strategy and new procedures for the design, promotion and implementation of school‐based sexuality and reproductive health education programs.