bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial performance of phenolic‐sized continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin composites with different impregnation nozzle diameters via 3D printing
Authors: Dong Wencai , Bao Chonggao , Liu Rongzhen , Li Shijia
Published: October 2023

The interfacial bonding strength of the 3D‐printed composites was poor due to the inadequate impregnation. To improve the interfacial performance and mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed composites, carbon fiber (Original‐CF) was modified by oxidation combined with sizing, to obtain Sized‐CF, and continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin (Original‐CF/PF and Sized‐CF/PF) composites were fabricated via in situ‐curing 3D printing. The impregnation nozzle diameter influences the resin content and the impregnation effect of the resin into the fiber bundles. Mechanical properties with different impregnation nozzle diameters of Sized‐CF/PF composites all increased compared to that of Original‐CF/PF composites. The flexural strength of Sized‐CF/PF composites increased by 15.3% and interlaminar shear strength increased by 28.6%, compared to that of Original‐CF/PF composites, when the impregnation nozzle diameter was 0.40 mm. The fiber‐resin interface and the effect of interfacial performance on fracture mode of the composites were investigated systematically. The interfacial performance was improved, owing to the decrease of void defect volume and the increase of impregnation uniformity between the fiber and resin interface; the fracture mode was transferred from longer fiber pulling‐out for Original‐CF/PF composites to shorter fiber pulling‐out for Sized‐CF/PF composites, owing to the improvement of interfacial performance.

Highlights

Carbon fiber was modified to improve interfacial and mechanical properties.

Nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm obtains adequate resin content and extrusion force.

Defect volume reduced and impregnation uniformity improved after modification.

Flexural strength of the composite increased by 15.3% after CF modification.
Conductive polyacrylate coatings filled with bimetal Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni powders and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Kobets Anna , Vorobyova Tatiana , Galuza Maria , Kudaka Anton , Novikau Uladzimir
Published: October 2023

Conductive coatings on a glass substrate are widely used in electronics and automotive, ship, aircraft, and optical industries. The method for obtaining electroconductive polyacrylate coatings filled with bimetal Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni particles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is developed in this work. At the ratio GNPs:bimetal powder:polymer of (33–35):(17–35):(30–50) (wt%) and the coating thickness 50 μm specific volume resistance is 0.12–0.26 Ω·cm owing to the percolation effect. Bimetal particles are synthesized by nickel or copper ions reduction from aqueous solutions on copper or zinc particles. Their composition is regulated by the duration of metal ions reduction. Bimetal particles have a structure of copper or zinc core with a loose shell of nickel or copper nanoparticles, they ensure the contact between GNPs forming a continuous network in polymer matrix. GNPs are obtained by thermal exfoliation of natural flake graphite treated in liquid ammonia containing metal sodium. Polymer composite is prepared using the solution of methyl‐ and n‐butylmethacrylate copolymer. Coatings have adequate adhesion to the glass, and owing to their high conductivity, absence of noble metals, simplicity and cheapness of fabrication can be used for production of conductive elements on glass and other substrates.

Highlights

Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni powder and GNPs filled conductive polyacrylate coatings

Bimetal core‐shell particles are obtained by Ni(II) or Cu(II) reduction in solutions

Bimetal particles and GNPs form a network in polymer with percolation effect

Specific volume resistance of coatings 50 μm thick on glass is 0.12–0.26 Ω·cm

Coatings conductivity and adhesion to glass open great prospects for application
Correlates of posttraumatic stress in cancer patients and their family caregivers across two years following diagnosis
Authors: Mitchell Hannah‐Rose , Antoni Michael H. , Shaffer Kelly M. , Kim Youngmee
Published: October 2023

Objective

To examine risk‐factors of cancer‐related PTSS in the 2‐years post‐diagnosis in adult colorectal cancer patients and caregivers.

Methods

Patients with colorectal cancer and their caregivers (N = 130 dyads) self‐reported sociodemographic, psychosocial, and medical factors at diagnosis/treatment initiation (T1), at 1‐ (T2), and 2‐year (T3) post‐diagnosis. Cancer‐related PTSS were assessed, and path analysis examined associations between proposed correlates and PTSS.

Results

Among patients, higher neuroticism and greater physical symptom distress were concurrently associated with higher PTSS (Bs ≥ 0.10, ps ≤ 0.02); greater physical symptom distress at T1 and greater social support at T2 were associated with higher PTSS at T3 (Bs ≥ 0.37, ps ≤ 0.04). Among caregivers, female gender, higher neuroticism (Bs ≥ 0.12, ps < 0.01), and lower social support (Bs  ≤ −0.24, ps ≤ 0.02) were associated with higher concurrent PTSS; lower patient physical symptom distress and social support at T1 (Bs  ≤ −0.27, ps ≤ 0.03) and longer hours spent caregiving at T2 (B = 0.03, p = 0.05) were associated with higher PTSS at T3.

Conclusions

Findings identify cancer‐specific risk factors (physical symptoms, hours caregiving), in addition to established risk factors (female, neuroticism, social support) in non‐medical populations. The identified subgroups should receive ongoing screening and psychosocial referral for cancer‐related PTSS.
Short‐term effects of air pollution on hospitalization of children with acute upper respiratory infections: A time series analysis in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Wancheng , Ling Jianglong , Zhang Runping , Ruan Ye
Published: October 2023

Objective

Short‐term air pollution exposure is correlated with childhood acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) hospitalizations. We surveyed the relationship between AURI hospitalizations and air pollutant concentrations in children aged 0–14 years from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019 in Lanzhou City.

Methods

We collected both data on air pollutant concentrations and children's AURI hospitalizations during the study period. Distributional lagged nonlinear models were adopted to assess the short‐term effects of air pollutants on children's AURI hospitalizations. We also performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis.

Results

A total of 15,881 children were hospitalized for AURI during the study period. The results showed that for each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations at lag0‐6, the relative risk (RR) values for children hospitalized for AURI were RR = 1.0247 (95% CI: 1.0092,1.0405), RR = 1.0928 (95% CI: 1.0562, 1.1308), and RR = 1.0715 (95% CI: 1.0495, 1.0940), respectively. PM10 was significantly associated with AURI hospitalization in children only at lag0, RR = 1.0028 (95% CI: 1.0000, 1.0056).

Conclusion

Short‐term exposures to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 all increase the risk of AURI hospitalization in children variously.
Analyzing the cation‐aromatic interactions in proteins: Cation‐aromatic database V2.0
Authors: Kumar Y. Bhargav , Kumar Nandan , John Lijo , Mahanta Hridoy Jyoti , Vaikundamani S. , Nagamani Selvaraman , Sastry G. Madhavi , Sastry G. Narahari
Published: October 2023

The cation‐aromatic database (CAD) is a comprehensive repository of cation‐aromatic motifs found in experimentally determined protein structures, first reported in 2007 [Proteins, 2007, 67, 1179]. The present article is an update of CAD that contains information of approximately 27.26 million cation‐aromatic motifs. CAD uses three distance parameters (r, d1, and d2) to determine the position of the cation relative to the centroid of the aromatic residue and classifies the motifs as cation‐π or cation‐σ interactions. As of June 2023, about 193 936 protein structures were retrieved from Protein Data Bank, and this resulted in the identification of an impressive number of 27 255 817 cation‐aromatic motifs. Among these motifs, spherical motifs constituted 94.09%, while cylindrical motifs made up the remaining 5.91%. When considering the interaction of metal ions with aromatic residues, 965 564 motifs are identified. Remarkably, 82.08% of these motifs involved the binding of metal ions to the amino acid HIS. Moreover, the analysis of binding preferences between cations and aromatic residues revealed that the HIS‐HIS, PHE‐ARG, and TRP‐ARG pairs exhibited a preferential geometry. The motif pair HIS‐HIS was the most prevalent, accounting for 19.87% of the total, closely followed by TYR‐LYS at 10.17%. Conversely, the motif pair TRP‐HIS had the lowest occurrence, representing only 4.20% of the total. The data generated help in revealing the characteristics and biological functions of cation‐aromatic interactions in biological molecules. The updated version of CAD (Cation‐Aromatic Database V2.0) can be accessed at https://acds.neist.res.in/cadv2.
Who stays in their birthplace? The role of multigenerational local ties in young adults' staying behaviour
Authors: Thomassen Jonne A. K. , Lundholm Emma , Malmberg Gunnar
Published: October 2023

We explore staying and migration behaviour using a multigenerational perspective on local ties. Based on Swedish register data, we take a shared birthplace between young adults and one or more of their parents and grandparents as a proxy for multigenerational local ties in the young adult's birthplace. Our aim is to investigate whether the presence of this type of longstanding, multigenerational local ties in the birthplace increases one's propensity to stay or return there during young adulthood. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we model the residential trajectories between ages 18 and 30 of individuals born in 1981, 1982, and 1983 who lived in their birthplace at age 18 (i.e., stayed in, moved from, or returned to the birthplace by age 30;N = 185,897). We find that the propensity for staying in one's birthplace increases with each additional parent or grandparent with whom the birthplace is shared. Overall, differences between ties shared with parent(s) and grandparent(s) are surprisingly similar, except ties that are shared withbothparents. These have a particularly strong and positive effect. Although men seem to be tied more strongly than women to their fathers and paternal grandparents, we found no differences between men and women in their ties to mothers and maternal grandparents.
Investigating the Photocatalytic Degradation of Amaranth Dye in Water Environment using Visible Light‐Activated Fe‐Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Warangule Amol , Balgude Sagar , Nehare Ganesh , Waghmode Shobha , Jagtap Rohidas
Published: October 2023

These days, the removal of dissolved organics from industrial waste water is a foremost challenge to the scientific community to attain the conservation of the aqueous ecosystem. The present work emphasizes the photocatalytic degradation of industrial dye, that is, Amaranth using Fe‐doped ZnO (Fe‐ZnO) nanoparticles. The formation of wurtzite phase bare ZnO and Fe‐ZnO materials fabricated by the solvothermal route is confirmed by XRD and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas the scanning electron microscopy morphological investigations reveal the formation of coral‐like to granular particles. The bandgap energies of the synthesized materials are observed to be shifted to the blue region on gradual Fe doping, indicating the suitability of the material for photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐synthesized ZnO and Fe‐ZnO materials is evaluated under sunlight and mercury lamp light, wherein the 6% Fe‐ZnO material shows more than 98% degradation of Amaranth dye within 80 min in sunlight. The kinetic studies shows pseudo‐first‐order degradation reaction with a rate constant of 0.0114 min−1 in sunlight. The effects of catalyst loading, light source, and stability of the photocatalyst are also explored along with a proposed photogenerated free radical‐based dye degradation mechanism.
Large Spontaneous Emission Enhancement with Silver Nanocube Dimers on Silver Substrates
Authors: Kan Yinhui , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Kumar Shailesh
Published: October 2023

Nanoantennas and nanocavities are widely used for at‐source manipulation of quantum emission based on the well‐known Purcell effect. Here, the configuration is explored consisting of silver (Ag) nanocube dimers positioned on Ag substrates to realize large Purcell enhancement of molecular spontaneous emission. The relationship is investigated between the cube sizes and separation gap of a nanocube dimer and the resulting Purcell enhancement, and shows the possibility of achieving the enhancement of up to 6.4 × 106. Furthermore, to experimentally demonstrate large Purcell enhancements, atomic force microscopy is used to assemble Ag nanocube dimers in the corner‐to‐corner configuration with the help of prefabricated corner‐to‐corner dielectric bricks. The decrease of the lifetime of Ru dye molecules from 91.7 ns (on a glass substrate) to the instrument response function limit (1.5 ns) after coupling with nanocube dimers is observed. This work provides a promising design and realization method for advanced photon sources, e.g., atom‐like single‐photon emitters with extremely large decay rates.
Test method for vapor collection and ion mobility detection of explosives with low vapor pressure
Authors: Son Chae Eun , Choi He‐Ryun , Choi Sung‐Seen
Published: October 2023

Rationale

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been widely used for on‐site detection of explosives. Air sampling method is applicable only when the concentration of explosive vapor is considerably high in the air, but vapor pressures of common explosives such as 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are very low. A test method for analyzing the vapor detection efficiency of explosives with low vapor pressure via IMS was developed using artificial vapor and collection matrices.

Methods

Artificial explosive vapor was produced by spraying an explosive solution in acetone. Fifteen collection matrices of various materials with woven or nonwoven structures were tested. Two arrangements of horizontal and vertical positions of the collection matrices were employed. Explosive vapor collected in the matrix was analyzed using IMS.

Results

Only three collection matrices of stainless steel mesh (SSM), polytetrafluoroethylene sheet (PFS), and lens cleansing paper (LCP) showed the TNT and/or RDX ion peaks at an explosive vapor concentration of 49 ng/L. There was no collection matrix to detect PETN vapor at or lower than 49 ng/L. For the PFS, TNT and RDX were detected at a vapor concentration of 49 ng/L. For the LCP, TNT and RDX were detected at vapor concentrations of 14 and 49 ng/L, irrespectively.

Conclusions

The difference in the explosive vapor detection efficiencies could be explained by the adsorption and desorption capabilities of the collection matrices. The proposed method can be used for evaluating the vapor detection efficiency of hazardous materials with low vapor pressure.
Emergent learning about measurement and uncertainty in an inquiry context: A case from an elementary classroom
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Shu Gang , Wei Bing , Levin Daniel
Published: October 2023

Students often learn about measurement uncertainty as an isolated topic, with a focus on generalizable strategies to manage uncertainty in scientific investigation. In this study, we report and analyze a case of emergent learning about measurement and uncertainty, in which students in a Chinese elementary school science class explored and reconciled discrepancies in hypotheses by constructing and using measures and making inferences. Adopting a model‐based view of measurement, we show that when allowed to take on emergent measurement uncertainty while inquiring into causes for phenomena, late elementary students with no prior experience can engage in sophisticated reasoning characterized by a variety of theoretical modeling practices. Developing and aligning models of the phenomenon, the measure and the measurement data supported students in constructing an intuitive solution to their discrepancies. Our analysis also identified (1) a pattern of thinking and some common assumptions students adopted in their modeling practice that were productive, and (2) contextual elements affording and constraining emergent learning on measurement and uncertainty. In our discussion, we reflect on the educational potential of adopting a model‐based account of measurement and of treating measurement and uncertainty as integrated into investigative practice. We also discuss the necessary contexts for realizing the potential of the model‐based account.
Putting ‘Good Society’ Ahead of Growth and/or ‘Development’: Overcoming Neoliberalism's Growth Trap and its Costly Consequences
Authors: Khan M. Adil
Published: October 2023

With the rise of neoliberalism, a corporate‐dominated state‐assisted deregulated growth strategy, which has caught most countries in the throes of what can be termed a ‘growth trap’, has indeed yielded significant economic gains for many but has also entailed inexorable social, moral and environmental adversities.

This paper argues that the reason we experience the incongruities between economic growth and social nourishing is the fact that we treat economy over society as our end goal. We regard economic growth as the end‐all sum. Given the social and other costs this obsession with growth has inflicted upon societies, it is important that we escape the neoliberal growth trap and recalibrate our focus from the economy to society, to ensure that neither growth nor ‘development’, but rather formation of what this paper terms ‘good societies’, those that nurture and thrive on values of equity, empathy, social justice and environmental sustainability, should be the end goal.

By drawing lessons from several philosophical and practical ideas, the paper offers policy options relevant to the implementation of the ‘good society’ concept both within and across nations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Introducing an Inquiry into the Social Economies of Greed and Excess
Authors: Oka Rahul , Kuijt Ian
Published: October 2023

In March 2011, the Society of Economic Anthropology held its Annual Meeting Conference, hosted at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, to discuss the topic: Social Economies of Greed and Excess: Lessons from Recessions Past and Present. Specifically time during the social, economic, and political aftermath of the Great Recession (2007–2009), the articles were chosen to understand “greed” and “excess” as behaviors, ideas, and accusations that have shaped and in turn, been shaped by social processes, across different societies and at different periods in human history. This article (a) contextualizes the conference and the subsequent discussion of greed and excess within the broader narratives of causation and accusation between various actors and groups involved in and affected by the outcomes of differential accumulation and consumption of resources, (b) introduces the various articles raging from archaeology to ethnography and commentaries by noted anthropologists that may potentially inform the larger debate on greed and excess within anthropology, and even generate new directions for collaborative anthropological inquiry into “greed and excess” and the human condition.
Land, Labor, and Things: Surplus in a New West Indian Colony (1763–1807)
Authors: Hauser Mark W.
Published: October 2023

Surplus becomes a very interesting word when one considers slavery in the Caribbean. By asking the question how did people on the ground make surplus, we get a lot clearer picture of how slavery actually worked. Famous for the wealth of the planting class, the high mortality rates and low fertility rates of enslaved laborers, the complicated system of provisioning put in place to meet crises in population subsistence, plantation society in the British West Indies was anything but sustainable. Yet it did for nearly a century. Space plays a large role in that. The distance between cane field and teapot was large enough to ensure the person drinking the sweetened tea never thought about the enslaved African who cut the cane. I expand upon these issues by focusing on the colonial economies of the Eastern Caribbean. To map the intersecting interests born out of putative surplus, I look specifically at the commercial networks that emerged in relation to one island's intensification of export‐oriented crop production. I then consider the material record of plantation life as one index of relational surplus and its uneven distribution across the island. Together these observations suggest that an institutional arrangement of people and things inverts traditional understandings of surplus in studies of slavery.
Greed in a “Tribal” Economy? Acquisitiveness and Reciprocity in Lisu Society
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul , Gillogly Kathleen
Published: October 2023

Comparing the Lisu economy of the late 1960s to that of the early 1990s highlights not only the transformations in village economic adaptations, but also the cultural politics of incorporation into the Thai state. The earlier Lisu economy relied on income from opium to make up for shortfalls in rice production and household acquisitiveness made reciprocity with other households possible. In the 1990s, villagers scrambled to find economic strategies to adapt to life in the post‐opium economy. In the previous economy, there were checks on overproduction to ensure relatively equal wealth among households in an egalitarian political system. The post‐opium economy included new forms of commodified agriculture such as cattle herding, contractual planting of cash crops, buying of land, and investment in trucks and motorbikes to transport produce to market, as well as participation in wage labor in urban lowland markets. Survival required capital accumulation. Is acquisitiveness greed? Not in a reciprocity economy with inherent limits to accumulation of wealth, where the standards were set by the poor families in the village. But in today's economy, acquisitiveness for accumulation and investment rather than reciprocity has given rise to accusations of stinginess among villagers and greed by Thai officials.
Joint clustering multiple longitudinal features: A comparison of methods and software packages with practical guidance
Authors: Lu Zihang , Ahmadiankalati Mojtaba , Tan Zhiwen
Published: October 2023

Clustering longitudinal features is a common goal in medical studies to identify distinct disease developmental trajectories. Compared to clustering a single longitudinal feature, integrating multiple longitudinal features allows additional information to be incorporated into the clustering process, which may reveal co‐existing longitudinal patterns and generate deeper biological insight. Despite its increasing importance and popularity, there is limited practical guidance for implementing cluster analysis approaches for multiple longitudinal features and evaluating their comparative performance in medical datasets. In this paper, we provide an overview of several commonly used approaches to clustering multiple longitudinal features, with an emphasis on application and implementation through R software. These methods can be broadly categorized into two categories, namely model‐based (including frequentist and Bayesian) approaches and algorithm‐based approaches. To evaluate their performance, we compare these approaches using real‐life and simulated datasets. These results provide practical guidance to applied researchers who are interested in applying these approaches for clustering multiple longitudinal features. Recommendations for applied researchers and suggestions for future research in this area are also discussed.
A Versatile Strategy for Concurrent Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Sustainable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wang Si , Wu Yingjie , Pu Mingbo , Xu Mingfeng , Zhang Renyan , Yu Tao , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Su Yuanjie , Tai Huiling , Guo Yongcai , Luo Xiangang
Published: October 2023

Developing versatile systems that can concurrently achieve energy saving and energy generation is critical to accelerate carbon neutrality. However, challenges on designing highly effective, large scale, and multifunctional photonic film hinder the concurrent combination of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and utilization of sustainable clean energies. Herein, a versatile scalable photonic film (Ecoflex@h‐BN) with washable property and excellent mechanical stability is developed by combining the excellent scattering efficiency of the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanoplates with the high infrared emissivity and ideal triboelectric negative property of the Ecoflex matrix. Strikingly, sufficiently high solar reflectance (0.92) and ideal emissivity (0.97) endow the Ecoflex@h‐BN film with subambient cooling effect of ≈9.5 °C at midday during the continuous outdoor measurements. In addition, the PDRC Ecoflex@h‐BN film‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (PDRC‐TENG) exhibits a maximum peak power density of 0.5 W m−2. By reasonable structure design, the PDRC‐TENG accomplishes effective wind energy harvesting and can successfully drive the electronic device. Meanwhile, an on‐skin PDRC‐TENG is fabricated to harvest human motion energy and monitor moving states. This research provides a novel design of a multifunctional PDRC photonic film, and offers a versatile strategy to realize concurrent PDRC and sustainable energies harvesting.
High‐Index Faceted Cu2O@CuO Mesocrystals Act as Efficient Catalyst for Si Hydrochlorination to Trichlorosilane
Authors: Ji Yongjun , Liu Shaomian , Song Shaojia , Xing Liwen , Kang Ting , Zhang Bin , Li Huifang , Chen Wenxing , Li Zhenxing , Zhong Ziyi , Xu Guangwen , Su Fabing
Published: October 2023

Mesocrystals (MCs) with high‐index facets may have superior catalytic properties to those with low‐index facets and their nanocrystal counterparts. However, synthesizing such mesocrystal materials is still very challenging because of the metastability of MCs and energetic high‐index crystal facets. This work reports a successful solvothermal method followed by calcination for synthesizing copper oxide‐based MCs possessing a core–shell structure (denoted as Cu2O@CuO HIMCs). Furthermore, these MCs are predominantly bounded by the high‐index facets such as {311} or {312} with a high‐density of stepped atoms. When used as catalysts in Si hydrochlorination to produce trichlorosilane (TCS, the primary feedstock of high‐purity crystalline Si), Cu2O@CuO HIMCs exhibit significantly enhanced Si conversion and TCS selectivity compared to those with flat surfaces and their nanostructured counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that both the core–shell structure and the high‐index surface contribute to the increased electron density of Cu sites in Cu2O@CuO HIMCs, promoting the adsorption and dissociation of HCl and stabilizing the dissociated Cl* intermediate. This work provides a simple method for synthesizing high‐index faceted MCs and offers a feasible strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of MCs.
Trilobites of Thailand's Cambrian–Ordovician Tarutao Group and their geological setting
Authors: Wernette Shelly J. , Hughes Nigel C. , Myrow Paul M. , Sardsud Apsorn
Published: October 2023

Tuff‐bearing upper Cambrian to lowermost Ordovician strata on Ko Tarutao island, Satun province, southernmost peninsular Thailand, contain a rich trilobite fauna relevant to global biostratigraphy, peri‐Gondwanan palaeogeography and shifting evolutionary mode. This area of Sibumasu, a lower Palaeozoic marginal Gondwanan terrane, is shown to have been closely associated with Australia, North China (Sino‐Korea) and other continental fragments from the supercontinent's northern equatorial sector, including South China at that time. Shared faunas also suggest a Kazakhstani and Laurentian association. Collections from eight sections yielded 10 newly discovered species and one new genus from ancient shoreface and inner shelf siliciclastic deposits. With the new taxa and revision of taxa known previously, we refine the age of the upper two formations of the Tarutao Group to the middle of Cambrian Stage 10, and lower–middle Tremadocian. Two biozones are erected for Sibumasu: theEosaukia buravasiZone, encompassing all Cambrian sections from Ko Tarutao, and theAsaphellus charoenmitiZone, encompassing the Tremadocian fauna discussed herein. The new genus isTarutaoiaand new species areTsinania sirindhornae,Pseudokoldinioidia maneekuti,Pagodia?uhleini,Asaphellus charoenmiti,Tarutaoia techawani,Jiia talowaois,Caznaia imsamuti,Anderssonella undulata,Lophosaukia nuchanongiandCorbinia perforata. Other taxa reported for the first time from Tarutao areMansuyia? sp.,Parakoldinioidia callosaQian,Pseudagnostussp.,Homagnostussp.,Haniwa mucronataShergold,Haniwa sosanensis? Kobayashi,Lichengia simplexShergold,Pacootasaukiasp.,Wuhuia? sp.,Plethopeltellasp.,Apatokephalussp.,Akoldinioidiasp. 1 andKoldinioidiasp.
Experimental investigation on the seismic behavior of TRAC frame column with RCA treated by the silica fume cement paste
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Wang Yixuan , Li Tong , Wang Haonan , Zhang Fengjian
Published: October 2023

The physical properties of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) can be strengthened by pre‐soaking them in silica fume cement paste, thereby improving the mechanical properties of recycled concrete. To evaluate whether treated recycled coarse aggregate (TRCA), which is obtained by pre‐soaking in silica fume cement paste, can be applied to structural elements, considering the axial compression ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio, TRCA concrete (TRAC) frame column specimens and natural aggregate concrete (NAC) column specimens were prepared. Subsequently, a cyclic loading test was conducted on the specimens. The failure mode, hysteresis loop, skeleton curve, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens were analyzed and compared. The results showed that compared with NAC specimens, the bearing capacities of the TRAC specimens were slightly higher. The seismic behavior of the TRAC frame columns achieved performance level similar to that of the NAC structural members at low axial compression ratios. This indicates that the RCA treatment of pre‐soaking in silica fume cement paste is effective, and TRAC can be used as loading‐bearing structural concrete.
Energy Storage‐Reactive Power Optimal Configuration for High Proportion New Energy Distribution Network Considering Voltage Quality and Flexibility
Authors: Jiang Youhua , Liu Hongyi , Qu Jingjie , Chang Jian
Published: October 2023

The increasing penetration rate of distributed energy brings more complex problems of voltage quality, safety and stability to the distribution network. A single optimal configuration of reactive power or energy storage is difficult to meet the increasingly diversified needs of modern power grids. This paper proposes a configuration strategy combining energy storage and reactive power to meet the needs of new energy distribution networks in terms of active power regulation and reactive power compensation, and to achieve tradeoff optimization in flexibility, voltage quality and economy, so as to adapt to the influence of new energy with different permeability. Firstly, the safety and stability evaluation system of distribution network is established with the target of flexibility demand and reactive power demand. Secondly, considering the coupling of planning layer and operation layer, a two‐layer model of energy‐reactive power optimization is established. After that, the gray wolf algorithm is used to solve the model, which enhances the global space exploration ability and reduces the possibility of falling into the local optimal. Finally, the improved IEEE33 node power distribution system is used for simulation test to verify the rationality and effectiveness of this scheme. The simulation results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively improve the economy, security and stability of the distribution network, and can obtain an optimal configuration scheme with multi‐objective considerations under different new energy penetration rates. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Toward a more precise prognostic stratification in acute decompensation of cirrhosis: The Padua model 2.0
Authors: Zanetto Alberto , Pelizzaro Filippo , Mion Monica Maria , Bucci Marco , Ferrarese Alberto , Simioni Paolo , Basso Daniela , Burra Patrizia , Senzolo Marco
Published: October 2023

Background

The clinical course of acutely decompensated cirrhosis (AD) is heterogeneous. Presepsin (PSP) is a plasmatic biomarker that reflects Toll‐like receptor activity and systemic inflammation. We conducted a prospective study to: (1) measure PSP in AD and (2) assess whether PSP in AD can predict the development of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).

Methods

Patients with AD were prospectively recruited at admission and underwent determination of PSP. In study part 1, we compared PSP in AD versus controls (stable decompensated and compensated cirrhosis). In study part 2, we prospectively followed patients with AD for 1 year and evaluated predictors of ACLF.

Results

One hundred and seventy three patients with AD were included (median MELD: 18; CLIF‐C AD score: 54). Compared with controls, patients with AD had higher levels of PSP (674 ng/L vs. 310 ng/L vs. 157 ng/L; p < 0.001). In patients with AD, Child–Pugh C and acute kidney injury were associated with higher levels of PSP. During the follow‐up, 52 patients developed ACLF (median time from recruitment: 66 days). PSP, CLIF‐C AD score, and Child–Pugh stage were independently associated with ACLF. A predictive model combining these variables (Padua model 2.0) accurately identified patients at higher risk of ACLF (AUROC 0.864; 95% CI 0.780–0.947; sensitivity 82.9%, specificity 76.7%). In patients at lower risk of ACLF based on a CLIF‐C AD <50, a PSP >674 ng/L could discriminate between two groups at significantly different risk of ACLF. Finally, in patients who did not develop ACLF, baseline PSP was significantly higher in those who progressed toward unstable versus stable decompensated cirrhosis.

Conclusion

The Padua model 2.0 can be used to identify patients with AD at high risk of ACLF. If these results are validated by external cohorts, PSP could become a new biomarker to improve risk stratification in AD.
Evaluation of livestock farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the use of veterinary vaccines in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Robi Dereje Tulu , Bogale Ararsa , Temteme Shiferaw , Aleme Melkam , Urge Beksisa
Published: October 2023

Background

The utilization of veterinary vaccines plays a vital role in preventing and managing animal diseases. However, the success of vaccination programmes relies on livestock farmers’ understanding, perspectives and behaviours regarding their application. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of livestock farmers in Southwest Ethiopia regarding the use of veterinary vaccines.

Methods

The study followed a cross‐sectional design conducted between October 2021 and October 2022. A sample of 476 livestock‐owning farmers, including those who raise dairy cattle, beef cattle and poultry, were interviewed from the districts of Shei Bench, Semen Bench, Sheko and Yeki.

Results

The findings revealed that participants from Sheko, who had a poultry farm, were college graduates and resided in an urban area, were more likely to have good knowledge of veterinary vaccines. Similarly, participants who were male, from Semen Bench, had a poultry farm and had a high school education, exhibited a positive attitude towards veterinary vaccines. Furthermore, being male, from Semen Bench, having a poultry farm, and having a high school education were associated with increased veterinary vaccine use.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of addressing gender differences and tailoring interventions based on geography and farming conditions in the area. These measures are crucial to improve practices related to veterinary vaccines for enhanced animal health and productivity. Prioritizing education, veterinary services and information dissemination is vital. However, further research and targeted interventions are needed to better comprehend underlying factors and implement effective strategies for diverse communities in different areas.
A review of the analytical techniques for the detection of anabolic–androgenic steroids within biological matrices
Authors: Harries Richard L. , De Paoli Giorgia , Hall Sarah , Nisbet Lorna A.
Published: October 2023

Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) and other image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) are controlled by governments and sport institutions such as the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA). Although elite athletes and professional bodybuilders are the most visible AAS abusers, the introduction of the internet has increased the accessibility of AASs, with use being observed among recreational gym goers at increasing prevalence. Despite reported increase in use, routine analysis for these substances is uncommon, with many forensic laboratories opting to outsource AAS analysis. This review collates information regarding the extraction and analysis of AASs from various biological matrices with the considered purpose of providing a reference for the development of AAS methods to allow for routine detection by forensic laboratories.

This article is categorized under:

Toxicology > in Sport

Toxicology > Analytical
Working conditions of key workers
Authors: Ananian Sévane , Berg Janine , Cooney Sean , Duman Anil , Liepmann Hannah , Mieres Fabiola
Published: October 2023

How key workers are valued is reflected in their pay and other working conditions. This chapter draws on labour force data from 90 countries to assess deficiencies in the following working conditions: OSH, contractual arrangements, working hours, pay, union representation, social protection and training, comparing outcome for key v non‐key workers.
Specific challenges faced by the eight key occupational groups
Authors: Ananian Sévane , Berg Janine , Duman Anil , Liepmann Hannah , Mieres Fabiola
Published: October 2023

This chapters uses labour force data and qualitative studies to document the hazards or insecurities experienced by specific groups of key workers. An analysis of the major deficiencies is carried out for each of the eight key occupational groups.
Policies to build resilience
Authors: Berg Janine , Duman Anil
Published: October 2023

Labour markets do not account for the social and economic contribution of key work. Addressing this undervaluation is necessary for ensuring resilient economies and societies. To do this, governments and employers’ and workers’ organizations should come together to develop an actionable road map for identifying and addressing specific obstacles to the delivery of key goods and services, both in good times and bad. Such a strategy would more than pay for itself when the next crisis hits. This is one of the most important policy lessons to be drawn from the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Exploring Vectors
Authors: Purdy A. J. , Brock Ellen , Saah David
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, you will learn about features and feature collections and how to use them in conjunction with images and image collections in Earth Engine. Maps are useful for understanding spatial patterns, but scientists often need to extract statistics to answer a question. For example, you may make a false-color composite showing which areas of San Francisco are more “green”—i.e., have more healthy vegetation—than others, but you will likely not be able to directly determine which block in a neighborhood is the most green. This tutorial will demonstrate how to do just that by utilizing vectors.
Advanced Raster Visualization
Authors: Donchyts Gennadii , Baart Fedor
Published: October 2023

This chapter should help users of Earth Engine to better understand raster data by applying visualization algorithms such as hillshading, hill shadows, and custom colormaps. We will also learn how image collection datasets can be explored by animating them as well as by annotating with text labels, using, e.g., attributes of images or values queried from images.
Urban Environments
Authors: Stuhlmacher Michelle , Goldblatt Ran
Published: October 2023

Urbanization has dramatically changed Earth’s surface. This chapter starts with a qualitative look at the impact urban expansion has on the landscape, covering three existing urban classification schemes that have been created by other remote sensing scientists. We look at how these classifications can be used to quantify urban areas, and close with instructions on how to perform per-pixel supervised image classification to map built-up land cover at any location on Earth and at any point in time using Landsat 7 imagery.
Benthic Habitats
Authors: Poursanidis Dimitris , Shapiro Aurélie C. , Christofilakos Spyridon
Published: October 2023

Shallow-water coastal benthic habitats, which can comprise seagrasses, sandy soft bottoms, and coral reefs are essential ecosystems, supporting fisheries, providing coastal protection, and sequestering ‘blue’ carbon. Multispectral satellite imagery, particularly with blue and green spectral bands, can penetrate clear, shallow water, allowing us to identify what lies on the seafloor.
Conservation I—Assessing the Spatial Relationship Between Burned Area and Precipitation
Authors: Branson Harriet , Smith Chelsea
Published: October 2023

Practical conservation requires an understanding of key environmental factors such as fire and rainfall, which impact the amount of forage and habitat available for a variety of species. This chapter will guide you through how to create fire and rainfall time series and visualize this data. At the end of this chapter, you will be able to present this information in an accessible way on a graph to help inform conservation management practices such as early burning and supplementary feeding.
The Challenge of Overproduction and Overconsumption
Authors: Wulff Gabriella
Published: October 2023

A challenge facing our future society is how to address the excess volumes being produced and consumed, as our current lifestyles are threatening planetary boundaries. The fashion industry is one that has a major impact on the environment. While previous research on the industry has focused on either unsustainable production or consumption, this study demonstrates how overproduction and overconsumption are linked by conceptualising discounting as the missing link. The study clarifies how discounting, on the one hand, is a sign of overproduction and, on the other, how discounting sustains a high degree of consumption inside and outside firms. Using an ethnographic study of the Swedish fashion industry, three types of discounting practices were identified: pre-season, in-season, and end-of-season sales. The reasons for discounting were grouped into four categories: procurement, financial and spatial, market, and design. Most retailers reported discounting as problematic, but difficult to eliminate. Hence, companies have developed strategies for reducing end-of-season sales, for example, optimising the supply chain and stimulating the market, as well as alternative solutions with a more sustainable future consumption at their core. The final discussion revolves around alternative solutions for how to address the issues of overproduction and overconsumption in the future.
The Intersection of Sustainability and Technology in the Context of the Digital Marketplace
Authors: Hassen Hela , Akponah Precious
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, we look at individuals’ sharing practices and focus on their experiences concerning food waste and thrifting online via social platforms. We discuss their orientations, desires, and motivations for participating in the circular economy, and in doing so, we explain how consumption choices and lifestyles are powered by consumer commitment to ecological thinking, awareness, and responsibility. We identify what these practices are, explain what fuels them, and discuss how these will be meaningful for the future. This chapter comprises two sections: We first look at sustainable consumption practices today, situating this within the context of three case studies. We cover the interplay between technology and the value of goods, particularly during the pandemic; for example, by looking at the transformation of food ‘waste’, (what should in principle end up in the dumpster, enabling the practice of dumpster diving) and its commodification and exchange in the Too Good To Go market. We also offer some discussion on the qualitative methods employed in collecting the data. Finally, we conclude this chapter with a discussion on the implications of our study findings for future sustainable practices and policies in the digital marketplace of tomorrow’s consumers.
Re-examining the Place of the Physical Store During the Digital Retail Era
Authors: Nilsson Elin
Published: October 2023

The fundamental role and purpose of retail stores is changing. The growth of e-commerce is forcing physical stores to evolve in order to stay relevant and meet shifting consumer demands. This chapter re-examines the role of physical fashion stores during the digital retail era by outlining these stores’ traditional role, by discussing the role of online stores and by providing a comparison between physical and online stores’ roles vis-à-vis consumers. At the end of the chapter, the consumer view of stores of the future is demonstrated in the results of an exploratory study. The chapter shows that physical stores need to be inspirational, to have knowledgeable staff, and to make sure that consumers get personal service and care when visiting stores. The study has also shown that consumers today value stores of the future having other attributes (e.g. local connections and inspiration) than those previously recognized in research.
Musical Metropolis: Janelle Monáe’s Scalar Agility
Authors: Dodds Phil
Published: October 2023

Janelle Monáe—whose output spans the genres of R&B, psychedelic soul, hip-hop and Afrofuturist funk—is a prime example of a musician with scalar agility. Through a range of simple and complex musical techniques in a series of ‘Metropolis’ concept records, she has produced a multi-scalar ‘sonic fiction’. The scalar qualities and relations of this musical world—and her ability to musically subvert, split and reimagine the relationships between scales such as the body, the metropolitan, the global and the universal in tracks such as ‘Dance or Die’ and ‘Cold War’—make her work politically transgressive and capable of unsettling the present scaled reality.
A Postcode-Scale Genre: Grime’s Scale as ‘Level of Resolution’
Authors: Dodds Phil
Published: October 2023

The popular electronic music genre known as grime is often referred to as intensely ‘local’, even ‘hyperlocal’. Its ‘postcode scale’ is an example of the political deployment of scale, understood as level of resolution. Examples from Wiley, Roll Deep and Dizzee Rascal demonstrate how the genre’s distinctive repetition, rhythmic intensification and staccato rapping style contribute to a modernist, fine-grained, high-resolution postcode scale. Analysis of Nadia Rose’s 2017 track ‘Skwod’ shows that grime tracks also use musical techniques to build a selective, by-no-means-all-inclusive audience, drawing attention to the boundaries of belonging. Grime has also been involved in struggles over definitions of the local, such as when ‘Skwod’ was used by intersectional feminists in place-specific antifascist protests. Overall, the intensely local or postcode-scale aesthetics of grime music are part of a socio-political strategy that draws attention to mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion, potentially remaking the borders of ‘the local’ when the genre’s political potential is heard by particular listeners.