bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulse Spray Drying for Bovine Skimmed Milk Powder Production
Authors: Romo María , Chutani Doll , Fartdinov Dinar , Panthi Ram Raj , Vahedikia Nooshin , Castellari Massimo , Felipe Xavier , Murphy Eoin G.
Published: March 2024

Pulse Spray Drying (PSD) has potential as a sustainable means of skimmed milk powder (SMP) production. In this study, powders were obtained from PSD using different drying outlet temperatures (70, 80, 90 and 100 °C), and their characteristics were compared to those of traditional Spray Drying (SD). Native whey proteins were well preserved and Solubility Indexes were over 98% in all cases, despite powders obtained by PSD displaying lower solubility than the SD ones. No visual difference was observable in the powders (ΔE < 2); however, PSD powders were found to be yellower with a higher Browning Index. The drying technology did not have a significant effect on powder moisture content and bulk density. Particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of fine particles (<10 μm) in all samples that might have provided poor flowability and wetting behavior (overall Carr Index and Hausner ratio were 33.86 ± 3.25% and 1.52 ± 0.07, respectively). Higher amounts of agglomerated particles were found at low temperatures in the products processed with both technologies, but PSD samples showed a narrower particle size distribution and hollow particles with more wrinkles on the surface (probably due to the fast evaporation rate in PSD). Overall, PSD provided SMP with comparable physicochemical characteristics to SD and, once optimized at the industrial level, could offer significant advantages in terms of thermal efficiency without significant modification of the final product quality.
How to Counteract Driver Fatigue during Conditional Automated Driving—A Systematic Review
Authors: Loew Alexandra , Kurpiers Christina , Götze Martin , Nitsche Sven , Bengler Klaus
Published: March 2024

This paper summarizes the research on countermeasures against driver fatigue based on a comprehensive systematic literature review. Driver fatigue, induced by task monotony during conditional automated driving (CAD, SAE Level 3), can increase the risk of road accidents. There are several measures that counteract driver fatigue and aim to reduce the risk caused by a fatigued driver in the context of CAD. Twelve selected articles focusing on driver fatigue countermeasures in CAD were analyzed. The findings and conclusions are presented, focusing on the countermeasures themselves and their implementation. The countermeasures were critically discussed, especially regarding effectiveness and applicability. They seem to be effective in counteracting driver fatigue. However, the measures are not easily compared because they were studied in various experimental settings and various driver fatigue measurements were used. Different countermeasures have proven to be effective in reducing fatigue during CAD. For this reason, further investigation is needed to gain further insights into their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Further studies will be conducted to verify the best solution regarding their effectiveness and applicability.
Experiences of Enslaved Children in Luanda, 1850–1869
Authors: S. Oliveira Vanessa
Published: March 2024

About half of Luanda’s population comprised enslaved people in the mid-nineteenth century. Although scholars have examined the expansion of slavery in Angola after the end of the transatlantic slave trade and the use of slavery to underpin the trade in tropical commodities, the labor performed by enslaved children has been neglected. This study explores the experiences of enslaved children working in Luanda during the era of the so-called “legitimate” commerce in tropical commodities, particularly between 1850 and 1869. It draws upon slave registers, official reports, and the local gazette, the Boletim Oficial de Angola, to analyze the means through which children were enslaved, the tasks they performed, their background, family connections, and daily experiences under enslavement. This paper argues that masters expected enslaved children to perform the same work attributed to enslaved men and women. After all, they saw captives as a productive unit irrespective of their age.
The Prevalence of Dysphagia in Individuals Living in Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roberts Hollie , Lambert Kelly , Walton Karen
Published: March 2024

Dysphagia commonly affects older adults, making them nutritionally vulnerable. There is significant variation in the reported prevalence of dysphagia in aged care. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in individuals living in residential aged care facilities using appropriate assessment methods, and in four subgroups at higher risk: individuals with nervous system diseases, dementia, malnutrition, and poor dentition. Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and CINAHL Plus were searched, and study selection was conducted in Covidence. Meta-analysis using a random effects model was used to obtain the pooled prevalence of dysphagia. Seven studies were eligible for inclusion. Dysphagia prevalence ranged from 16 to 69.6%. The pooled prevalence of dysphagia was 56.11% (95% CI 39.363–72.172, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98.61%). Sensitivity analysis examining the prevalence of dysphagia using only the CSE indicated a pooled prevalence of 60.90% (95% CI 57.557–64.211, p = 0.9994, I2 = 0%). Only one study each reported on dysphagia prevalence in individuals with nervous system diseases (31%), poor dentition (92%), and dementia (68.4%), meaning that meta-analysis could not be completed. No studies reported on the prevalence of dysphagia in individuals with malnutrition. The prevalence of dysphagia is high amongst residents of aged care facilities. This evidence should be used to guide improvements in the health outcomes and quality of life of aged care residents. Future research should explore the prevalence in the subgroups at higher risk.
The Utility of Data Collected as Part of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework
Authors: Potts Boyd , Doran Christopher M. , Begg Stephen
Published: March 2024

Since 2006, the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework (HPF) reports have provided information about Indigenous Australians’ health outcomes. The HPF was designed, in consultation with Indigenous stakeholder groups, to promote accountability and inform policy and research. This paper explores bridging the HPF as a theoretical construct and the publicly available data provided against its measures. A whole-of-framework, whole-of-system monitoring perspective was taken to summarise 289 eligible indicators at the state/territory level, organised by the HPF’s tier and group hierarchy. Data accompanying the 2017 and 2020 reports were used to compute improvement over time. Unit change and confidence indicators were developed to create an abstract but interpretable improvement score suitable for aggregation and visualisation at scale. The result is an exploratory methodology that summarises changes over time. An example dashboard visualisation is presented. The use of secondary data inevitably invites acknowledgments of what analysis cannot say, owing to methods of collection, sampling bias, or unobserved variables and the standard mantra regarding correlation not being causation (though no attempt has been made here to infer relationships between indicators, groups, or tiers). The analysis presented questions the utility of the HPF to inform healthcare reform.
Multilayer Electrospun Scaffolds of Opposite-Charged Chitosans
Authors: Balducci Cristian , Roso Martina , Zamuner Annj , Falcigno Lucia , D’Auria Gabriella , Brun Paola , Dettin Monica
Published: March 2024

Chitosan (CS) is a polysaccharide obtainable by the deacetylation of chitin, which is highly available in nature and is consequently low-cost. Chitosan is already used in the biomedical field (e.g., guides for nerve reconstruction) and has been proposed as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration in different body districts, including bone tissue. The interest in chitosan as a biomaterial stems from its ease of functionalization due to the presence of reactive groups, its antibacterial properties, its ease of processing to obtain porous matrices, and its inherent similarity to polysaccharides that constitute the human extracellular matrix, such as hyaluronic acid (HA). Here, chitosan was made to react with succinic anhydride to develop a negatively charged chitosan (SCS) that better mimics HA. FT-IR and NMR analyses confirmed the presence of the carboxylic groups in the modified polymer. Four different electrospun matrices were prepared: CS, SCS, a layer-by-layer matrix (LBL), and a matrix with both CS and SCS simultaneously electrospun (HYB). All the matrices containing SCS showed increased human osteoblast proliferation, mineralization, and gene expression, with the best results obtained with HYB compared to the control (CS). Moreover, the antibacterial potential of CS was preserved in all the SCS-containing matrices, and the pure SCS matrix demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial proliferation of both S. aureus and E. coli.
Probing Liver Injuries Induced by Thioacetamide in Human In Vitro Pooled Hepatocyte Experiments
Authors: Goel Himanshu , Printz Richard L. , Pannala Venkat R. , AbdulHameed Mohamed Diwan M. , Wallqvist Anders
Published: March 2024

Animal studies are typically utilized to understand the complex mechanisms associated with toxicant-induced hepatotoxicity. Among the alternative approaches to animal studies, in vitro pooled human hepatocytes have the potential to capture population variability. Here, we examined the effect of the hepatotoxicant thioacetamide on pooled human hepatocytes, divided into five lots, obtained from forty diverse donors. For 24 h, pooled human hepatocytes were exposed to vehicle, 1.33 mM (low dose), and 12 mM (high dose) thioacetamide, followed by RNA-seq analysis. We assessed gene expression variability using heat maps, correlation plots, and statistical variance. We used KEGG pathways and co-expression modules to identify underlying physiological processes/pathways. The co-expression module analysis showed that the majority of the lots exhibited activation for the bile duct proliferation module. Despite lot-to-lot variability, we identified a set of common differentially expressed genes across the lots with similarities in their response to amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. We also examined efflux transporters and found larger lot-to-lot variability in their expression patterns, indicating a potential for alteration in toxicant bioavailability within the cells, which could in turn affect the gene expression patterns between the lots. Overall, our analysis highlights the challenges in using pooled hepatocytes to understand mechanisms of toxicity.
Comparison of the Capacity of Several Machine Learning Tools to Assist Immunofluorescence-Based Detection of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Authors: Bertin Daniel , Bongrand Pierre , Bardin Nathalie
Published: March 2024

The success of artificial intelligence and machine learning is an incentive to develop new algorithms to increase the rapidity and reliability of medical diagnosis. Here we compared different strategies aimed at processing microscope images used to detect anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, an important vasculitis marker: (i) basic classifier methods (logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors and decision tree) were used to process custom-made indices derived from immunofluorescence images yielded by 137 sera. (ii) These methods were combined with dimensional reduction to analyze 1733 individual cell images. (iii) More complex models based on neural networks were used to analyze the same dataset. The efficiency of discriminating between positive and negative samples and different fluorescence patterns was quantified with Rand-type accuracy index, kappa index and ROC curve. It is concluded that basic models trained on a limited dataset allowed for positive/negative discrimination with an efficiency comparable to that obtained by conventional analysis performed by humans (0.84 kappa score). More extensive datasets and more sophisticated models may be required for efficient discrimination between fluorescence patterns generated by different auto-antibody species.
Retrospective Review of Positive Newborn Screening Results for Isovaleric Acidemia and Development of a Strategy to Improve the Efficacy of Newborn Screening in the UK
Authors: Carling Rachel S. , Hedgethorne Katy , Chakrapani Anupam , Hall Patricia L. , Flynn Nick , Greenfield Toby , Moat Stuart J. , Ssali Joshua , Shakespeare Lynette , Taj Nazia , Wu Teresa H. Y. , Anderson Mark , Ghosh Arunabha , Lemonde Hugh , Pierre Germaine , Sharrard Mark , Sreekantam Sreevidya , Bonham James R.
Published: March 2024

Since the UK commenced newborn screening for isovaleric acidemia in 2015, changes in prescribing have increased the incidence of false positive (FP) results due to pivaloylcarnitine. A review of screening results between 2015 and 2022 identified 24 true positive (TP) and 84 FP cases, with pivalate interference confirmed in 76/84. Initial C5 carnitine (C5C) did not discriminate between FP and TP with median (range) C5C of 2.9 (2.0–9.6) and 4.0 (1.8–>70) µmol/L, respectively, and neither did Precision Newborn Screening via Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports (CLIR), which identified only 1/47 FP cases. However, among the TP cases, disease severity showed a correlation with initial C5C in ‘asymptomatic’ individuals (n = 17), demonstrating a median (range) C5C of 3.0 (1.8–7.1) whilst ‘clinically affected’ patients (n = 7), showed a median (range) C5C of 13.9 (7.7–70) µmol/L. These findings allowed the introduction of dual cut-off values into the screening algorithm to reduce the incidence of FPs, with initial C5C results ≥ 5 µmol/L triggering urgent referral, and those >2.0 and <5.0 µmol/L prompting second-tier C5-isobar testing. This will avoid delayed referral in babies at particular risk whilst reducing the FP rate for the remainder.
Calcium-Mediated Modulation of GC Switch Regulates Peroxisomal H2O2 Levels in Response to Wounding in Plants
Authors: Ishu  , Shekhawat Jyoti , Upadhyay Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2024

Ca2+ and H2O2 interact with each other to regulate plant systemic responses. However, their precise mechanism is not fully understood. A recent study revealed that the Ca2+ regulates the glycolate oxidase-catalase (GC) switch-mediated photorespiratory H2O2 during wounding. Glutamate-receptor-like (GLR) Ca2+ channels (GLR 3.3 and GLR3.6) are responsible for Ca2+ influx during injury for regulation of the GC switch. Mechanical injury quickly shifts the GC switch to a highly interactive state in the systemic leaves that ultimately results in the reduced peroxisomal H2O2. However, the mechanism of H2O2 reduction in peroxisome remains elusive.
Research Progress in Dielectric-Layer Material Systems of Memristors
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Li Xuemei , Sun Zhendong , Liu Yang , Yang Ying , Chen Lijia
Published: March 2024

With the rapid growth of data storage, traditional von Neumann architectures and silicon-based storage computing technologies will reach their limits and fail to meet the storage requirements of ultra-small size, ultra-high density, and memory computing. Memristors have become a strong competitor in next generation memory technology because of their advantages such as simple device structure, fast erase speed, low power consumption, compatibility with CMOS technology, and easy 3D integration. The resistive medium layer is the key to achieving resistive performance; hence, research on memristors mainly focuses on the resistive medium layer. This paper begins by elucidating the fundamental concepts, structures, and resistive-switching mechanisms of memristors, followed by a comprehensive review of how different resistive storage materials impact memristor performance. The categories of memristors, the effects of different resistive materials on memristors, and the issues are described in detail. Finally, a summary of this article is provided, along with future prospects for memristors and the remaining issues in the large-scale industrialization of memristors.
Production and Processing of the Radionuclide 76Br
Authors: Franke Karsten , Schöngart Jann , Mansel Alexander
Published: March 2024

Four-dimensional visualization, i.e., three-dimensional space plus time, of fluid flow and its interactions in geological materials using positron emission tomography (PET) requires suitable radiotracers that exhibit the desired physicochemical interactions. 76Br is a likely candidate as a conservative tracer in these studies. [76Se]CoSe was produced and used as the target material for the production of 76Br via the (p,n) reaction at a Cyclone 18/9 cyclotron. 76Br was separated from the target by thermochromatographic distillation using a semi-automated system, combining a quartz glass apparatus with a synthesis module. 76Br was successfully produced at the cyclotron with a physical yield of 72 MBq/µAh (EOB). The total radiochemical yield of 76Br from the irradiated [76Se]CoSe target (EOS) was 68.6%. A total of 40 MBq–100 MBq n.c.a. 76Br were routinely prepared for PET experiments in 3 mL 20 mM Cl− solution. The spatial resolution of a PET scan with 76Br in geological materials was determined to be about 5 mm. The established procedure enables the routine investigation of hydrodynamics by PET techniques in geological materials that strongly sorb commonly used PET tracers such as 18F.
A Benefit/Risk Assessment of Intrathecal Ziconotide in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rubiu Emanuele , Restelli Francesco , Nazzi Vittoria , Mazzapicchi Elio , Bonomo Giulio , Veiceschi Pierlorenzo , Alfiero Tommaso , Agresta Gianluca , Locatelli Davide , Dario Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Background: Ziconotide is an intrathecal drug administered for the treatment of chronic pain. The current literature lacks an exhaustive benefit/risk assessment on this drug. We herein focus on Ziconotide’s pharmacology and clinical applications. Methods: Literature research was conducted to identify studies on Ziconotide administration for the treatment of chronic pain, published between January 1990 and March 2023 and located via PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cinahl, and Web of Science, using the following keywords: Ziconotide, Omega conotoxin, Prialt, SNX-111, intrathecal therapy, and neuropathic pain. Only publications written in English were selected. Results: Among the 86 selected studies, we found 4 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and 3 prospective long-term studies concerning the intrathecal use of Ziconotide as a monotherapy in chronic pain. Other studies described the intrathecal infusion of Ziconotide combined with other drugs. Overall, Ziconotide has been proved to have strong efficacy for relieving chronic pain, although patients with co-morbid psychiatric disorders require a careful monitoring when treated with Ziconotide. Conclusions: Overall, the use of Ziconotide, as a monotherapy or in conjunction with other therapies for the treatment of chronic pain, was reported to be efficacious. Overall, its use in patients with chronic pain refractory to other pharmacologic agents outweighs the possible adverse consequences, thus resulting in a favorable benefit/risk assessment.
Towards a Real-Life Understanding of the Altered Functional Behaviour of the Default Mode and Salience Network in Chronic Pain: Are People with Chronic Pain Overthinking the Meaning of Their Pain?
Authors: Johansson Elin , Xiong Huan-Yu , Polli Andrea , Coppieters Iris , Nijs Jo
Published: March 2024

Chronic pain is a source of substantial physical and psychological suffering, yet a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pain is lacking. Repeated studies have reported an altered behaviour of the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) in people with chronic pain, and a majority of these studies report an altered behaviour of the dorsal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) within the anterior DMN. In this topical review, we therefore focus specifically on the role of the dorsal vmPFC in chronic pain to provide an updated perspective on the cortical mechanisms of chronic pain. We suggest that increased activity in the dorsal vmPFC may reflect maladaptive overthinking about the meaning of pain for oneself and one’s actions. We also suggest that such overthinking, if negative, may increase the personal “threat” of a given context, as possibly reflected by increased activity in, and functional connectivity to, the anterior insular cortex within the SN.
Neurocutaneous Diseases: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment
Authors: Kioutchoukova Ivelina , Foster Devon , Thakkar Rajvi , Ciesla Christopher , Cabassa Jake Salvatore , Strouse Jacob , Kurz Hayley , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: March 2024

Neurocutaneous disorders, also known as phakomatoses, are congenital and acquired syndromes resulting in simultaneous neurologic and cutaneous involvement. In several of these conditions, the genetic phenomenon is understood, providing a pivotal role in the development of therapeutic options. This review encompasses the discussion of the genetic and clinical involvement of neurocutaneous disorders, and examines clinical management and treatment options. With the current advances in genetics, the role of precision medicine and targeted therapy play a substantial role in addressing the management of these conditions. The interconnectedness between therapeutic options highlights the importance of precision medicine in treating each disorder’s unique molecular pathway. This review provides an extensive synthesis of ongoing and current therapeutics in the management of such clinically unique and challenging conditions.
Promotive Effect of Non-Woven Polylactide/Natural Rubber Composites on Growth and Biochemical Constituents of Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Tertyshnaya Yulia V. , Skorokhodova Anastasia N. , Anpilova Anastasia Yu. , Olkhov Anatoliy A.
Published: March 2024

Presently, modern trends focused on eco-friendly “green” technologies are increasing the widespread use of biodegradable polymers and polymer composites in agricultural production. In this work, non-woven materials, polylactide/natural rubber (PLA/NR) composites with a different natural rubber content, were used as substrates for growing purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the multisoil compound in a phytochamber. It was shown that non-woven PLA/NR fabrics stimulate the growth and development of purple basil plants during the growing season. Compared to the control sample, the germination and biometric indicators of basil were higher when using PLA/NR substrates. The production of basil’s photosynthetic pigments also increased. While using PLA/NR fabrics with a rubber content of 10 and 15 wt.%, the number of chlorophyll a was enhanced by 1.8–2.2 times and chlorophyll b by 2.5–3.2 times. In the process of the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of the polymer matrix, organic compounds are formed that provide additional nutrition for basil plants. Non-woven PLA/NR composites became brittle after the experiment. The PLA/NR morphology, structure, and rheological properties changed, which indicates the course of biodegradation processes in the polymer matrix.
Effects of Instability Neuromuscular Training Using an Inertial Load of Water on the Balance Ability of Healthy Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kang Shuho , Park Ilbong
Published: March 2024

The reflexive responses to resist external forces and maintain posture result from the coordination between the vestibular system, muscle, tendon, and joint proprioceptors, and vision. Aging deteriorates these crucial functions, increasing the risk of falls. This study aimed to verify whether a training program with water bags, an Instability Neuromuscular training (INT) using the inertial load of water, could positively impact balance ability and dynamic stability. This study was conducted with twenty-two healthy older women aged ≥ 65 (mean age: 74.82 ± 7.00 years, height: 154.20 ± 5.49 cm, weight: 55.84 ± 7.46 kg, BMI: 23.55 ± 3.58 kg/m2). The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: a group that used water bags and a control group performing bodyweight exercises. The intervention training lasted 12 weeks, with 2 sessions per week totaling 24 sessions, each lasting 60 min. The pre- and post-tests were compared using t-tests to examine within- and-between-group differences. The effect size was examined based on the interaction between group and time using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The Modified Timed Up and Go manual (TUG manual), Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT), and Y-balance test (YBT) were conducted to assess dynamic stability, including gait function, static stability, and reactive ability. In comparison between groups, the waterbag training group showed a decrease in task completion time associated with an increase in walking speed in the TUG manual test (p < 0.05), and an increase in static stability and reaction time in the Sharpened Romberg test with eyes closed (p < 0.05), and an increase in single-leg stance ability in both legs in the Y-balance test (p < 0.05). All statistical confidence interval levels were set 95%. INT using the inertial load of water enhanced the somatosensory system and gait related to dynamic stability in older women. Therefore, the clinical application of this training program is expected to reduce the risk of falls in healthy older women, improving dynamic stability related to gait.
Linguistic Analysis of News Title Strategies in Media Frame—A Case Study of “The Mueller Investigation” in the News Titles of The New York Times and Fox News
Authors: Wang Hairuo
Published: March 2024

The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation had been investigating the relationship between Russian agents and members of Trump’s presidential campaign since July 2016 out of suspicions that the President-elect worked with Russia to interfere in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, which became a major news event in American media. The headlines from news media outlets illustrate the strategic use of language to shape opinions and frames. Conducted with the tools of System Functional Linguistics, in particular, the appraisal and ideation resources, based on the framing theory of Journalism Studies, this research aims to answer the two research questions: (1) What frames did The New York Times and Fox News construct in their coverage of the Mueller investigation? (2) What linguistic strategies did The New York Times and Fox News use respectively to construct their frames? It was found that The New York Times uses fewer evaluative tools than Fox News, but the expression of attitudes draws on the context in which they are presented and evaluation is expressed in a more sophisticated and refined manner. Fox News is more straightforward without hiding its own opinion and biases. This research is important in further understanding of the American media and their linguistic strategies in forming manipulative frames.
Modulation of the Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) by Xenobiotic Compounds and Its Relevance to Human Diseases
Authors: Dziadowiec Alicja , Popiolek Iwona , Kwitniewski Mateusz , Porebski Grzegorz
Published: March 2024

Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that reside in tissues; particularly in the skin, and in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), which is present on the surface of MCs and can be targeted by multiple exogenous and endogenous ligands. It is potentially implicated in non-IgE-mediated pseudoallergic reactions and inflammatory conditions such as asthma or atopic dermatitis. In this paper, we review natural products and herbal medicines that may potentially interact with MRGPRX2. They mainly belong to the classes of polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids. Representative compounds include rosmarinic acid, liquiritin from licorice extract, osthole, and sinomenine, respectively. While evidence-based medicine studies are still required, these compounds have shown diverse effects, such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or neuroprotective. However, despite potential beneficial effects, their use is also burdened with risks of fatal reactions such as anaphylaxis. The role of MRGPRX2 in these reactions is a subject of debate. This review explores the literature on xenobiotic compounds from herbal medicines that have been shown to act as MRGPRX2 ligands, and their potential clinical significance.
Assessment of Coastal Cultural Ecosystem Services and Well-Being for Integrating Stakeholder Values into Coastal Planning
Authors: Veidemane Kristina , Reke Agnese , Ruskule Anda , Vinogradovs Ivo
Published: March 2024

Coastal areas provide ecosystem services (ES), including a wide range of cultural ecosystem services (CES). This study aims to operationalize the ES approach for integrated assessment and mapping of coastal CES through the case of the eastern Baltic Sea coast in Latvia. It explores an interdisciplinary approach to enhance coastal planning, leveraging the strengths of plural disciplines to ensure a more holistic representation of coastal CES. A set of methods and techniques from landscape ecology (e.g., landscape characterization, quality assessment, biophysical mapping) and social sciences (participatory GIS, stakeholder engagement events, nationwide survey) are developed and tested, particularly demonstrating links and correlations between landscape character and CES values and well-being dimensions. The results illuminate the main perceived well-being benefits that people gain from the coastal areas, highlighting the different perspectives of stakeholders. Finally, the integrated assessment results helped to construct proposals for sustainable tourism development in the area. The outcomes of the study are intended to assist planners and decision-makers in evaluating the potential for development and trade-offs in coastal regions. This research contributes to the advancement of coastal spatial planning methodologies, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement and ES assessment for informed decision-making.
Structure, Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Study of Light Lanthanide Complexes with p-Coumaric Acid
Authors: Świderski Grzegorz , Gołębiewska Ewelina , Kowalczyk Natalia , Kalinowska Monika , Świsłocka Renata , Wołejko Elżbieta , Wydro Urszula , Malinowski Piotr , Pietryczuk Anna , Cudowski Adam , Priebe Waldemar , Lewandowski Włodzimierz
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the results of a study of the effects of the lanthanide ions Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+ and Sm3+ on the electronic structure and antioxidant and biological (antimicrobial and cytotoxic) properties of p-coumaric acid (p-CAH2). Structural studies were conducted via spectroscopic methods (FTIR, ATR, UV). Thermal degradation studies of the complexes were performed. The results are presented in the form of TG, DTG and DSC curves. Antioxidant properties were determined via activity tests against DPPH, ABTS and OH radicals. The reducing ability was tested via CUPRAC assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the ligand and lanthanide complexes were determined on E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was also determined using the MTT assay. The results were presented as the relative cell viability of C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus compared to controls and expressed as percentages. In the obtained complexes in the solid phase, lanthanide ions coordinate three ligands in a bidentate chelating coordination mode through the carboxyl group of the acid. Spectroscopic analysis showed that lanthanide ions increase the aromaticity of the pi electron system of the ligand. Thermal analysis showed that the complexes are hydrated and have a higher thermal stability than the ligand. The products of thermal decomposition of the complexes are lanthanide oxides. In the aqueous phase, the metal combines with the ligand in a 1:1 molar ratio. Antioxidant activity tests showed that the complexes have a similar ability to remove free radicals. ABTS and DPPH tests showed that the complexes have twice the ability to neutralise radicals than the ligand, and a much higher ability to remove the hydroxyl radical. The abilities of the complexes and the free ligand to reduce Cu2+ ions in the CUPRAC test are at a similar level. Lanthanide complexes of p-coumaric acid are characterised by a higher antimicrobial capacity than the free ligand against Escherichia coli bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans fungi.
Optimal Design of Quadcopter Chassis Using Generative Design and Lightweight Materials to Advance Precision Agriculture
Authors: Balayan Anurag , Mallick Rajnish , Dwivedi Stuti , Saxena Sahaj , Haorongbam Bisheshwar , Sharma Anshul
Published: March 2024

This research addresses the imperative challenge of a lightweight design for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) chassis to enhance the thrust-to-weight and power-to-weight ratios, crucial for optimal flight performance, focused on developing an intriguing lightweight yet robust quadcopter chassis. Advanced generative design techniques, integrated with topology optimization, using Autodesk Fusion 360 software (v. 16.5. 0.2083), 3D-printing methods and lightweight materials like Polylactic Acid (P.L.A.), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (A.B.S.), and Nylon 6/6 play a significant role in achieving the desired balance between structural integrity and weight reduction. The study showcases successful outcomes, presenting quadcopter chassis designs that significantly improve structural efficiency and overall performance metrics. The findings contribute to aerial robotics and hold promise for precision agriculture applications with relevant performed simulations, emphasizing the importance of tailored design methodologies for other engineering domains. In conclusion, this research provides a foundational step toward advancing drone technology, with weight reductions of almost 50%, P/W and T/W ratios increment of 6.08% and 6.75%, respectively, at least an 11.8% increment in Factor of Safety, at least a 70% reduction in stress values and reduced manufacturing time from its comparative DJI F450 drone, demonstrating the critical role of innovative design approaches in optimizing operational efficiency for targeted applications.
Hyperstability for a Generalized Class of Pexiderized Functional Equations on Monoids via Páles’ Approach
Authors: Asharabi Rashad M. , Almahalebi Muaadh
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we deduce some hyperstability results for a generalized class of homogeneous Pexiderized functional equations, expressed as ∑ρ∈Γfxρ.y=ℓf(x)+ℓg(y), x,y∈M, which is inspired by the concept of Ulam stability. Indeed, we prove that function f that approximately satisfies an equation can, under certain conditions, be considered an exact solution. Domain M is a monoid (semigroup with a neutral element), Γ is a finite subgroup of the automorphisms group of M, ℓ is the cardinality of Γ, and f,g:M→G such that (G,+) denotes an ℓ-cancellative commutative group. We also examine the hyperstability of the given equation in its inhomogeneous version ∑ρ∈Γfxρ.y=ℓf(x)+ℓg(y)+ψ(x,y),x,y∈M, where ψ:M×M→G. Additionally, we apply the main results to elucidate the hyperstability of various functional equations with involutions.
On the Dynamics of Immune-Tumor Conjugates in a Four-Dimensional Tumor Model
Authors: Starkov Konstantin E. , Krishchenko Alexander P.
Published: March 2024

We examine the ultimate dynamics of the four-dimensional model describing interactions between host cells, immune cells, tumor cells, and immune-tumor conjugate cells proposed by Abernethy and Gooding in 2018. In our paper, the ultimate upper bounds for all variables of this model are obtained. Formulas for positively invariant sets are deduced. Using these results, we establish conditions for the existence of the global attractor, derive formulas for its location, and present conditions under which immune and immune-tumor conjugate cells asymptotically die out. Next, we study equilibrium points, including the stability property for most of the equilibrium points. We discuss the existence of very low cancer-burden equilibrium points. Next, parametric conditions are derived under which the derivative of the density of the immune-tumor conjugate cell population eventually tends to zero; this mathematically rigorously confirms the correctness of the application of model reduction for this model in studies of its ultimate dynamics. In the final section, we summarize the results of this work and outline how to continue this study.
The Effect of Thyroid Surgery on the Accuracy of Palpation-Based Cricothyroid Membrane Identification in Female Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Park Jaesik , Yang A Rim , Lee Hyunji , Kim Kwangsoon , Chae Min Suk
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: This study examined how a history of thyroid surgery impacts the precision of cricothyroid membrane (CTM) identification through palpation (validated by ultrasound) in female patients visiting the operating room for surgeries unrelated to neck procedures. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled adult female patients undergoing elective non-neck surgery, dividing them into control (no thyroid surgery history; n = 40) and experimental (with thyroid surgery history; n = 40) groups. CTM identification was performed by palpation and confirmed via ultrasound. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in the demographic characteristics of the patients. The success rate and accuracy of CTM identification through palpation were significantly higher in the control group compared to the experimental group (90% vs. 42.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). For female patients with a history of thyroid surgery, the sensitivity of successful CTM palpation was 42.5%, and the specificity was 10%. These figures are based on the calculated true positives (17), false positives (36), true negatives (4), and false negatives (23). Conclusions: Thyroid surgery history in female patients may hinder the accurate palpation-based identification of the CTM, suggesting a need for enhanced clinical practices and considerations during airway management training.
Sex Differences in Insomnia and Circadian Rhythm Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pajėdienė Evelina , Urbonavičiūtė Viltė , Ramanauskaitė Vita , Strazdauskas Lukas , Stefani Ambra
Published: March 2024

Insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders are increasingly common in modern society and lead to significant challenges for people’s health and well-being. Some studies suggests that men and women differ in neurohormonal secretion, biological processes, and brain morphology. Thus, such differences may affect the etiology, manifestation, and course of sleep disorders, including insomnia and circadian rhythm. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature on sex differences in insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders. PubMed, MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published from inception until 5 September 2023, not older than five years. We performed a systematic search using MESH and non-MESH queries: (sex differences) or (male and female differences) or (men and women differences) or (men and women) AND (insomnia) or (sleep wake disorder*) or (sleep wake rhythm disorder*) or (circadian rhythm disorder*) or (sleep cycle disruption) or (sleep cycle disorder*). Out off 2833 articles screened, 11 studies were included. The prevalence of insomnia is higher among women, and their sleep is more regular and stable compared to men. Studies evaluating the impact of the stressful situation associated with the lockdown on women’s and men’s insomnia present discordant results concerning sex differences. Women’s circadian rhythm was found to be more stable and less fragmented than men’s. However, the progression of peak activity time with age was more pronounced in men. The current literature suggests that risk factors for insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders affect men and women differently. These include cerebrovascular and cardiometabolic factors, shift work, and infections. The long-term effects of insomnia seem to be more relevant for the male sex, shortening lifespan more than in women. By summarizing and analyzing existing studies, we highlight the need for further research to improve understanding of the interaction between sex and sleep.
Microbial Symphony: Navigating the Intricacies of the Human Oral Microbiome and Its Impact on Health
Authors: Bhandary Rahul , Venugopalan Geethu , Ramesh Amitha , Tartaglia Guilia , Singhal Ishita , Khijmatgar Shahnawaz
Published: March 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of research on the human oral microbiome, exploring recent advancements that span microbial colonization, state-of-the-art detection methodologies, and the complex interplay involved in disease progression. Through an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary literature, we illuminate the dynamic orchestration of microbial communities within the oral cavity, underscoring their pivotal role in health and disease. Cutting-edge detection techniques, including metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing, are discussed regarding their transformative impact on understanding the intricacies of oral microbial ecosystems. As we stand on the cusp of a new decade, this review anticipates a paradigm shift in the field, emphasizing the potential for rapid identification and targeted management of detrimental oral microorganisms. Insights gained from this exploration not only contribute to our fundamental understanding of the oral microbiome but also hold promise for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to maintain oral health. This article aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals engaged in unraveling the mysteries of the microbial symphony within the human oral cavity.
Gut Microbiome and Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Hammerhøj Alexander , Gubatan John Mark , Nielsen Ole Haagen
Published: March 2024

The protective intestinal epithelial barrier is constantly exposed to more than 100 trillion commensal microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi), i [...]
Correction: Dong et al. Identification of the Trace Components in BopuzongJian and Macleaya cordata Extract Using LC-MS Combined with a Screening Method. Molecules 2021, 26, 3851
Authors: Dong Zhuang , Liu Mengting , Zhong Xiaohong , Ou Xiaoyong , Yun Xuan , Wang Mingcan , Ren Shurui , Qing Zhixing , Zeng Jianguo
Published: March 2024

The article in question [...]
Study on the Relationship between Particulate Methane Monooxygenase and Methanobactin on Gold-Nanoparticles-Modified Electrodes
Authors: Dou Boxin , Li Mingyu , Sun Lirui , Xin Jiaying , Xia Chungu
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) has a strong dependence on the natural electron transfer path and is prone to denaturation, which results in its redox activity centers being unable to transfer electrons with bare electrodes directly and making it challenging to observe an electrochemical response; (2) Methods: Using methanobactin (Mb) as the electron transporter between gold electrodes and pMMO, a bionic interface with high biocompatibility and stability was created. The Mb-AuNPs-modified functionalized gold net electrode as a working electrode, the kinetic behaviors of pMMO bioelectrocatalysis, and the effect of Mb on pMMO were analyzed. The CV tests were performed at different scanning rates to obtain electrochemical kinetics parameters. (3) Results: The values of the electron transfer coefficient (α) and electron transfer rate constant (ks) are relatively large in test environments containing only CH4 or O2. In contrast, in the test environment containing both CH4 and O2, the bioelectrocatalysis of pMMO is a two-electron transfer process with a relatively small α and ks; (4) Conclusions: It was inferred that Mb formed the complex with pMMO. More importantly, Mb not only played a role in electron transfer but also in stabilizing the enzyme structure of pMMO and maintaining a specific redox state. Furthermore, the continuous catalytic oxidation of natural substrate methane was realized.
Investigation of the Influence of Anti-Solvent Precipitation Parameters on the Physical Stability of Amorphous Solids
Authors: Li Zunhua , Gong Zicheng , Zhang Bowen , Nawaz Asad
Published: March 2024

Amorphous solids exhibit enhanced solubility and dissolution rates relative to their crystalline counterparts. However, attaining optimal bioavailability presents a challenge, primarily due to the need to maintain the physical stability of amorphous solids. Moreover, the precise manner in which precipitation parameters, including the feeding rate of the anti-solvent, agitation speed, and aging time, influence the physical stability of amorphous solids remains incompletely understood. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate these three parameters during the precipitation process of the anticancer drug, nilotinib free base. The physical stability of the resultant samples was evaluated by employing characterization techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), and data analysis methods such as pair distribution function (PDF), reduced crystallization temperature (Rc), and principal component analysis (PCA). This study’s findings indicated that amorphous solids exhibited the greatest physical stability under particular conditions, namely a feeding rate of 5 mL/min, an agitation speed of 500 rpm, and an aging time of 10 min. Furthermore, the physical stability of the amorphous solids was primarily influenced by particle size and distribution, molecular interactions, microstructure, surface area, and interfacial energy. Notably, the parameters involved in the anti-solvent precipitation process, including the feeding rate of the anti-solvent, agitation speed, and aging time, exerted a significant impact on these factors. Consequently, they directly affected the physical stability of amorphous solids. Hence, this study comprehensively elucidated the mechanistic influence of these operational parameters on the physical stability of amorphous solids during the anti-solvent precipitation process.
Stripping Mechanism of Surfactant System Based on Residual Oil on the Surface of Sand-Conglomerate Rocks with Different Grain Size Mineral Compositions
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Daigang , Ding Chao , Li Jing , Jiang Shengdong
Published: March 2024

During the development of a sand-conglomerate reservoir, there is a huge variation in rock grain size and different åmineral compositions of different-sized sand grains. The mineral composition and microstructure of the rock both have an impact on the characteristics of the remaining oil in the reservoir. The stripping mechanism of a surfactant system on sand-conglomerate surface crude oil with varied grain size minerals was explored in this paper. Sand-conglomerate was classified and analyzed to determine their wettability and stripping oil effects. The optimization of the surfactant solution system and molecular dynamics simulation revealed the surfactant stripping mechanism on crude oil on distinct sandstone minerals. The results of the study showed that montmorillonite minerals are more readily adsorbed by surfactants. The crude oil within them is more likely to compete for adsorption and to be stripped off, and then extracted with the recovery fluid. The surfactant solution system can increase the hydrophilicity of the rock surface, make the crude oil on the rock surface shrink and gather, and enhance the transportation ability of the displacement fluid. And the emulsification seals part of the pore in the reservoir, increases the displacement pressure, and improves the overall wave volume. The results of this paper are of great significance for the efficient development of sand-conglomerate reservoirs.