bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic expert determination of the value of works of art in Russian legal proceedings
Authors: Sheremeteva Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: April 2022

The relevance of the research of the Institute for the examination of works of art lies in the fact that it is the correct and accurate determination of the value of a work of art that makes it possible to make a legitimate and reasonable decision in criminal cases. In expert institutions, there are no problems in determining the value of mass-produced items, but problems arise when evaluating individual cultural values. We are talking about cultural values that have been withdrawn from free civil circulation and are in demand among collectors and other art lovers. The article discusses the methodological basis for determining the value of works of fine and applied art. The evidence of the urgent need for the introduction of a professional forensic expert determination of the value of cultural property into criminal proceedings is presented. To determine the value of a work of art, it is necessary to establish the authorship, authenticity of the work, the time and circumstances of its creation.As a result of the research, the article identifies the necessary types of forensic research to determine the value of unique cultural values, namely tracological, documentary, materials science, historical, art history and a number of other examinations. Currently, in the field of expert determination of the value of works of art, there are a large number of problems that need to be solved. Firstly, the development of a new examination, which would be called judicial value examination of works of art. Secondly, it is necessary to consolidate the norm that the value of a work of art should be determined only within the framework of a comprehensive forensic examination. Thirdly, we need a methodology acceptable for determining the value of any work of art. To do this, experienced specialists should be involved, who would develop standard requirements for the expert study of each type of works of art and for the preparation of an expert opinion.
Strategic planning in the mechanism of public administration: innovations in legal regulation
Authors: Ishchenko Alexander Alekseevich
Published: April 2022

The subject of this article is the study of a new stage in the development of state policy in the field of strategic planning. The object of the study was the social relations developing in the sphere of strategic planning implementation in Russia and its regulatory and legal regulation.Methods of synthesis and analysis of literary and documentary sources, classification, generalization, formal legal method were used to write the article. Particular attention is paid to the innovations of regulatory regulation caused by the publication of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 633 "Fundamentals of state policy in the field of strategic planning in the Russian Federation". The relevance of the study is due to the fact that despite the adoption of Federal Law No. 172-FZ on strategic planning 7 years ago, it is not necessary to say that such planning has reached the necessary qualitative level that ensures the effective functioning of the public administration system in the country - it is no coincidence that the issues of the formation of the practice of strategic planning are constantly in the focus of management states. The article provides a comparative analysis of new initiatives and their impact on the practice of public administration. The trends and patterns of strategic planning are analyzed. The approaches of specialists in relation to the legal aspects of planning are presented. The shortcomings of the legal framework of Russian legislation in the field of strategic planning are noted. The system of documents forming the basis for the application of this method is considered, and an opinion is expressed on the prospect of developing a mechanism for coordinating and controlling strategic planning documents. It is concluded that "The fundamentals of state policy in the field of strategic planning ..." They should be supplemented with a Plan for their implementation with a list of necessary regulatory legal and methodological documents that disclose specific aspects and procedures for their impact on the strategic planning system across the country and its regions. It is advisable to approve a number of provisions of the Decree as additions to Federal Law No. 172-FZ.
"From the citizens of the first-class, kind, prosperous and intelligent people": mechanisms for the nomination and approval of elected Moscow magistrates in 1720 and 1740.
Authors: Gushchina Dina Vadimovna
Published: April 2022

The object of the study is the personal composition of the Moscow Magistrate in 1722 and 1744, as well as various aspects of the formation and functioning of city magistrates in Russia of the XVIII century. The choice of the Moscow Posad, in addition to the importance of its place among the urban settlements of Russia, is due to the fact that both stages of the formation of the composition of magistrate officers in Moscow are provided with sources that fairly fully and in detail reflect the election procedure. In contrast to the available studies, the emphasis is not on the policy of the state authorities in relation to the village population, but on the motives and strategies of the village taxmen themselves, who elected magistrate ministers. An analysis of the composition of the Moscow Magistrate in the 1720s and 1740s demonstrates that the townspeople sought, formally following the letter of the law, with the help of elections to draw the attention of the central government to certain difficulties faced by the townspeople community. In addition to the general village interests, the interests of individual groups that clashed in the struggle were reflected in the election process and the composition of the electors. A comparative analysis of two episodes of the elections to the Moscow Magistrate reveals a complex combination of both conflict and consolidation within the posad at different stages of the formation and functioning of this important structure of city self-government.
"The scenario of confederation is unlikely": the consequences of the August 1991 crisis in the USSR in secret CIA reviews (on the 30th anniversary of the collapse of the Soviet Union)
Authors: Yakupova Dar'ya Viktorovna , Yakupov Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the presented work is the assessment of the US national intelligence regarding the events in the period after the August 1991 crisis in the USSR and the prospects for its development within the framework of the model of the new Union Treaty against the background of centrifugal trends. The key theses included in the approved version of the report of the US intelligence community are characterized as the object of the work. The main attention is paid to the issue of inter-republican relations inside and outside the USSR during the search for consensus when concluding a confederate treaty. The methodology of the work consists of the basic principles of scientific cognition (historicism and objectivity) and special historical research methods: descriptive, comparative, historical-systemic, statistical and problem-chronological. The novelty of the research is determined by the approach in which the causal links between the analytical efforts of the CIA and their true goals are searched, as well as historical sources, many of which are involved in scientific circulation for the first time. The article emphasizes that, according to the CIA's erroneous assessment, the scenario of "confederation" as a result of the collapse of the USSR was less likely due to the unwillingness of many ex-Soviet republics to cede part of their political sovereignty and power to the government of the confederation. It turns out that, according to American analysts, Ukraine was a key player in the domestic political arena outside the RSFSR, which had a huge nuclear potential on its territory. This, in turn, predetermined the fate of this country for decades to come and laid the foundation for the emergence of interstate contradictions with Russia. It is noted that the intelligence community of the United States proposed, in cooperation with other Western countries, to influence the development of events in the territory of the former USSR either according to the scenario of "confederation" or according to the scenario of "free association" with the transfer of issues on defense and arms control to the Russian government.
"Crime and punishment": Sakhalin penal servitude in the perception of criminal offenders (mid-XIXвЂ“early XX Century)
Authors: Levandovskii Andrei Nikitich
Published: April 2022

The subject of this article is the life of criminal criminals in the Sakhalin penal servitude and their view of the island's penitentiary system. This issue is very important, as it will allow us to take a fresh look at the dispute about the expediency of developing Sakhalin by exiled convicts. Special attention will be paid to the desire of criminal criminals to change their lives by means of labor in a new place, which is what government officials expected from them when planning the Sakhalin colonization project. As a source base, we will use a variety of interviews with prisoners, as well as the memories of the recidivist criminal Fyodor Shirokolobov, who tells, among other things, about his life on the island. In the historiography devoted to the Sakhalin penal servitude, works considering the views of a particular social group on the local penitentiary system are increasingly published. Writers, travelers, officials and even political criminals have already become the subject of various articles and monographs, which cannot be said about criminals. The novelty of our work will consist precisely in showing the attitude of the prisoners to the Sakhalin penal servitude. In the course of the study, we will come to the conclusion that in many respects it was formed under the influence of "Ivanov" - local authorities who were alien to physical work and honest work. This, in turn, became one of the reasons for the failure of the colonization of the island, since without the interest of the bulk of the population in the results of their work, there was nothing to dream of turning the "cursed island" into the "pearl of the Far East".
Mythologization and rationalization of the image of the famous Queen of Macedonia
Authors: Sivkina Nataliya Yurievna
Published: April 2022

One of the famous women of ancient history вЂ“ Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great вЂ“ is represented in the sources as a cruel, vindictive and domineering woman. Traditionally, it is believed that the formation of such an image was influenced by the peculiarities of the sources: the non-Greek origin of the authors, the writing of works in later times, misunderstanding of Macedonian customs and mores. The purpose of this work is to consider some well-known facts from the life of the Olympiad in a mythological context. Highlighting the characteristic features that influenced the image of this famous queen that has developed in historiography will allow us to change modern ideas about her. The study used traditional methods and approaches for ancient history. The principle of historicism is necessary for understanding cause-and-effect relationships, the principle of consistency is important for systematization of preserved data about this queen. The general philosophical methods of analysis and synthesis are supplemented by special ones: comparative historical, the method of retrospection. The novelty of this research lies in the author's attempt to show the influence of mythological images and symbols on Hellenistic historiography and highlight the rationalistic constructions of ancient authors. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the image of the Olympiad, which has become entrenched in historiography, was influenced not only by the negative attitude of ancient historians towards it, but also by their attempts to rationally explain events based on knowledge of the consequences. However, the mythological consciousness also left its mark on their work. The life of Alexander the Great was overgrown with myths, and all the people close to him also fell into the sphere of mythological representations. Therefore, in the sources, the image of the queen is not just greatly distorted, but is endowed with symbolic characteristics characteristic of myths.
The Personality of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the historical concept of V. O. Klyuchevsky
Authors: Tokmurzayev Bakyt , Meirbekov Myrzabay
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the identification of the content of the representation of the personality of the Moscow tsar Ivan IV in the concept of "sociological history" by V.O. Klyuchevsky. The object of the work is the historiographical discourse of the personality of Ivan the Terrible in the works of professional historians of the nineteenth century. The subject of the study is the representation of the personality of the Moscow autocrat in the historical concept of V.O. Klyuchevsky. The purpose of the work is to reveal the content of V.O. Klyuchevsky's historical ideas about the personality of Ivan the Terrible in the context of the concept of tsarist power in the Moscow centralized state of the XVI century. The methodological basis of the article is the approaches of the new cultural and intellectual history as the history of ideas functioning in a certain socio-cultural context, covering discursive practices and historiographical creativity. The socio-cultural approach allows us to objectively reflect on the historical circumstances that influenced the formation of views and evaluative judgments of the researcher. The author's conclusions are based on the analysis of a fragment of a lecture course devoted to the characteristics of the personality of Ivan the Terrible, positioned as a historiographical source вЂ“ the work of a historian who implements the function of presenting historical knowledge as scientific and socially oriented. The article concludes that the autocratic model of the state structure of the Moscow centralized state, in many respects, became a product of the patrimonial system that developed in the era preceding the reign of Ivan the Terrible and, from the point of view of V.O. Klyuchevsky, contained a distinct tendency of the predominance of the state over society. Ivan IV, in the concept of V.O. Klyuchevsky, acted as a kind of hostage of a situation when systemic problems were combined with the peculiarities of his upbringing and attitude to the future sovereign during his childhood.
The Book of the Prophet Isaiah and the struggle against heretics and apostates in Russia in the second half of the XVвЂ“early XVI century.
Authors: Sdirkov Aleksei Vital'evich
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the problem of the use of allusions to the text of the Book of the Prophet Isaiah by Moscow scribes of the time of Ivan III in the fight against heretics and apostates in the second half of the XVвЂ“early XVI century. The study was conducted using comparative and cultural-anthropological methods, which allows us to find out the spiritual state of Russian society during this period, as well as the attitude of the population to key historical processes. The article raised the question of the essence of the concepts of heresy and apostasy at the specified time. Special attention is paid to the political reasons for the actualization of these concepts and the development of the official ideology of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. First of all, it allowed us to draw a conclusion about the importance of the semantic aspect of punishment for religious crimes in the conditions of increasing expectations of the end of the world in 1492. The development of the idea of apostasy as a religious and political crime in the official Moscow ideology of that time was also shown. A special role in the development of this idea was played by the confrontation between Moscow and Novgorod in 1470-1471 . The possible influence of the Book of Isaiah on the semantics of the punishment of representatives of the heresy of "Jews" is noted not only as heretics, but also as apostates. The influence of the Book of Isaiah can be traced in the writings of Joseph Volotsky, one of the initiators of the brutal executions of heretics.
Modern animation technologies in web design
Authors: Dadianova Irina
Published: April 2022

The subject of this research is animation technologies in modern visual culture, their role and importance in web design and development trends. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of animation in modern visual culture, in general, and in web design, in particular. The main tasks include, firstly, the analysis of trends in the development of the sphere of animation used in web design; secondly, the identification of key characteristics of web animation and the classification of the main animation forms; thirdly, the analysis of the technological aspect of the development of web animation with specific examples of tools that implement this or that a different technology. In the course of the study, both general logical research methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, generalization) and methods of systematization of scientific knowledge вЂ“ typologization and classification were used. The novelty of the research lies in rethinking the importance of animation technologies in modern visual culture. As a result of the research, the specific features of web animation, its role in modern web design, the main areas of application, forms, methods and techniques were highlighted. The technological aspect of web animation creation was also analyzed, the classification of modern web technologies that allow solving various tasks facing web animation was presented.
Bogotaso and "Critical Art" 1948 in Colombia: paintings by Enrique Grau and Alejandro Obregona
Authors: Cruz Fajardo Yulli Marley
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the reaction of Colombian artists to the events that took place in the country on April 9, 1948 and were one of the most important milestones in the modern history of Colombia and the history of art of this country. On that day, peaceful Bogota was involved in an unprecedented civil uprising in Colombian history, the consequences of which affected all spheres of life of Colombian society. For art, this uprising also became a turning point in its development. Changes have taken place in all areas of fine art: there has been a pronounced social problem, there has been a break with academism and, of course, since the events of Bogotaso, the critical position of artists in relation to the phenomena of socio-political life in Colombia has received its vivid expression. This paper analyzes the paintings of key artists of the history of Colombian art: Enrique Grau and Alejandro Obregona. The works in question reflect the events of the fateful day for the country on April 9, 1948, interpreting the facts of this tragedy in their own way, and affirm the importance of the artist's socially critical position in society. Methodologically, this is a work with a comprehensive approach, including cultural-historical, iconographic, artistic-stylistic analysis of works. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the reaction of artists to political and social repression in Colombia, as well as in the study of the dizzying political and social changes that occurred after the events of Bogotaso in 1948 and influenced the development of the "critical art" of Colombia up to the present day.
Metaphor as a means of constructing artistic reality (by the example of the analysis of the metaphor "centaur" in Meir Shalev's novel "Esav")
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: April 2022

The article introduces a new interpretation of the concept of metaphor. The author examines the traditional concept of metaphor, which comes from Aristotle, the semiotic concept, which introduces metaphorical meaning along with the usual one, and the rather complex construction of metaphor proposed by K.I. Alekseev in the "Sketch of the Theory of Metaphor" (it is based on the methodology of L.S. Vygotsky, the concept of social relays by Mikhail Rozov, the theory of classification and the logical theory of definitions). The author suggests analyzing the metaphor, including it not in the psyche and relay races of Rozov, but in artistic reality; the latter is created in the space of artistic communication and creativity of the artist and the viewer. В  Within the framework of this approach, a metaphor is characterized as a special scheme, a technique and an expressive means that allow, on the basis of two artistic contents (potential events), to create a new content (a new objectivity) in which they are fused ("removed") both of the original artistic contents and due to a kind of emergent effect, a fundamentally new content (objectivity) is for our consciousness. In order to make these general statements more understandable and to concretize them, the metaphor "centaur" in Meir Shalev's novel "Esav" is analyzed. In fact, this is a humanitarian reconstruction based on the author's theory of artistic reality. In the last part of the article, latent and revealed metaphors, metaphor and metaphorical discourse, metaphors and schemes are distinguished.
Assessment of the effectiveness of tax expenditures of municipalities for ensuring economic security and development of the territories of St. Petersburg
Authors: Orlovskaya Tamara Nikolaevna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the expenditures of local budgets of municipalities of St. Petersburg on economic security and development of territories. Goal. Analysis of the effectiveness of spending budget funds to create safe and favorable living conditions for the population in various administrative districts of St. Petersburg. The scope of the results. The results of the work. Based on the correlation analysis, it was found that there is a close direct correlation between income from tax revenues and expenditures on national security and law enforcement, housing and communal services, education, culture, cinematography, physical culture and sports, social policy: correlation coefficient r = 0.81. The results obtained can be used in assessing and forecasting the effectiveness of tax expenditures in the development of the territory and ensuring the economic security of the metropolis. Methodology. The methods of economic and mathematical modeling, correlation analysis, normalization of indicators by reducing the dimensional scale to a dimensionless one, expert evaluation, comparative studies, and the results of sociological surveys were used. Novelty. An approach is proposed to assess the effectiveness of tax expenditures based on statistical data on the main indicators of the local budget and the results of sociological surveys of the population on the level of security in the territory of the metropolis. The proposed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of tax expenditures allows us to take into account objective and subjective indicators of the direction of the city's tax policy and can be used to assess the tax aspect of the city's economic security. Conclusions. On the basis of the developed methodological apparatus, practical studies of the sufficiency of tax revenues for security expenses, social services, housing and communal services in the districts of St. Petersburg were carried out. The conclusions are specified for each of the territories of the city.
Approach to reporting on transfer pricing in the CIS countries
Authors: Iugina Anastasiia Andreevna
Published: April 2022

The article examines the main obligations of taxpayers in various CIS countries and their differences in comparison with the approach adopted by the OECD countries, in particular, the widespread obligation to file notifications of controlled transactions, the specifics of the requirements for filing three-level reporting, etc. The object of the study is the provisions of the legislation of the analyzed countries in the field of transfer pricing, by-laws and regulations issued by individual public authorities, and the subject of the study is the main regularities of regulation, as well as differences in the requirements for the preparation and submission of reports on transfer pricing. The main conclusions of the study are the high degree of specificity of taxpayers' obligations in the field of transfer pricing in the CIS countries, as well as the general unity of approach among the analyzed countries. As part of the work, it was also found that, taking into account the trends towards convergence of legal norms among the CIS countries, there is a high probability of further increase in the administrative burden on taxpayers, in particular, the adoption of TP rules by those countries that have not yet adopted them, and the introduction of three-level reporting in those countries in which such a requirement is not yet available. The novelty of the research lies in the formation of an up-to-date comparative characteristic of legislative norms, as well as the identification of possible trends in the development of legislation based on the history of the development of TP rules in the CIS countries.
Assessment of the use of tax potential in the context of socio-economic development of the region
Authors: Tsepelev Oleg Anatol'evich , Chuprakova Kseniya Evgen'evna
Published: April 2022

The object of the study is the tax potential of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (Far Eastern Federal District). The subject of the study is a set of relations and processes arising within the framework of the development and use of the tax potential of the Far Eastern Federal District regions. Particular attention is paid to the construction of models to assess the impact of the tax gap on regional economic growth. In the current conditions, against the background of an unstable economic situation, the issue of developing the tax potential of the regions is particularly acute, since the resources of the federal center are extremely limited. In this regard, the main purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assess the use of the tax potential of the region, to test it on the example of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and to determine its impact on the regional economy. This paper presents the author's definition of the category "tax potential of the region" and its author's classification. The main conclusions of the study are related to the determination of the difference between the nominal and realized tax potential, which makes up the tax gap. Regional authorities purposefully create this gap by providing tax preferences. To assess the impact of the tax gap on the main socio-economic parameters of the region's development, the authors have developed a methodological approach based on regression analysis, the elements of scientific novelty of which are the constructed models for the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, allowing to assess the impact of changes in the tax gap on the regional economy over the past 10 years. This approach can be applied in practice and used by the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in developing the main directions of tax policy related to the effective use of the tax potential of territories from the perspective of economic growth.
Mass media in the Information Security management system of Russia
Authors: Shvets Yana Valer'evna , Dorozhkova Polina Mikhailovna
Published: April 2022

The object of the study is the official position of the authorities regarding the information security of the country and the official view of what role the mass media should play in this complex system. The authors pay special attention to recent changes in this area and the analysis of what measures have been taken by the state to regulate the issue of information security. Particular attention is focused on regulatory legal acts, which are legislative initiatives of strategic planning in the field of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. When working on the article, the authors emphasized the use of sociological, systemic and institutional research methods. The main conclusion of the studied problem is the awareness of the understanding that the mass media have a strong influence on public consciousness. In this case, it is important to understand who exactly uses the media as a tool of manipulation, since an adequate analysis of these processes will ensure national and information security. In particular, the author substantiates the special role of the institute of television as the main means of social control through the appropriate representation and interpretation of social reality.
Models based on "estimation bias" as a tool for predicting potential threats
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: April 2022

In statistics, there is a phenomenon called "estimation bias". It is determined by the fact that with the spontaneous formation of the studied samples in social research, a kind of "shift" occurs, determined by the motivation of respondents. The analysis shows that a similar phenomenon occurs in many areas of evaluation related to a person: writing reviews about products and services, conducting surveys, forming applications. This principle can manifest itself in the formation of public opinion on socially significant issues: during elections, referendums, and the like. Moreover, knowledge of the principle of "displacement" can be used to organize a deliberate "shift" of the results of socially significant surveys. Examples of such use are the technologies of "color" revolutions carried out by relatively small groups of people or the wellвЂ“known method of so-called "smart voting". Using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the article shows possible approaches to the formation of such "shifts", analyzes the possible consequences of the implementation of such technologies and formulates proposals to counteract them. It is concluded that the purposeful use of "bias" assessment technologies can lead to conflicts of interests between different groups of society and the authorities, but it could not be corrected until now due to the lack of appropriate counteraction mechanisms. The development of mechanisms for assessing the consequences of the "shift" and countering it, theoretically, can provide counteraction to the use of external influences to destabilize the state in the case of intentional use of the "shift". In case of accidental formation of a "bias", forecasting methods will ensure the detection of an error. Conclusions are drawn that the proposed methodology for assessing the "bias" is not just a theory, its implementation will have a practical effect, which is to increase the stability of the system of state and municipal management.
Modeling of terrorist activity in RSO-A
Authors: Basaeva Elena Kazbekovna , Kamenetsky Evgeny Samoilovich , Khosayeva Zarina Khetagovna , Baranov Oleg Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the modeling and forecasting of terrorist and extremist activity of RSO-A. This task is urgent, since terrorist activity around the world has remained very high in recent years and even a rough forecast allows us to take preventive measures in case of a possible aggravation of the situation. Usually, an analysis of the mechanisms of radicalization and the formation of extremist groups is used for forecasting. At the same time, the methods of game theory and machine learning and models of the spread of epidemic diseases are used. In all cases, the verification of models requires a large amount of initial information, which, as a rule, is missing. In addition, these models are applicable only for regions with a sufficiently high level of extremist and terrorist activity.The paper proposes a method for predicting terrorist and extremist activity for regions where its level is low. The method is based on the assumption that people who are not satisfied with their social status and do not see prospects for its improvement are involved in various radical groups and/or are inclined to extremism and terrorism. Since it is much easier to get into a radical group whose activities are not prohibited by law, the increase in the intensity of involvement in them outstrips the growth of extremist and terrorist activity and is its harbinger. The method is tested on the example of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, in which adherents of radical Islam are a typical radical group. It is shown that for RSO-A, terrorist activity in the region can be predicted by the intensity of involvement in radical groups with a lag of two years. The proposed model allows us to satisfactorily assess the change in terrorist activity in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania for the period 2015-2019.
Forecasting the risk of terrorist attacks based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Novikov Andrey Vadimovich
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis and prediction of the risk of terrorist acts based on a comparison of various machine learning algorithms. In order to determine the most important indicators, more than thirty external and internal risk factors are comprehensively considered by quantifying them and an initial set of initial data is built. The study analyzes multidimensional socio-economic and political data for 136 countries for the period from 1992 to 2020. Four indicators are also predicted, reflecting the expected success of terrorist attacks, the likelihood of socio-economic consequences and general damage from terrorism. In addition to the classical analysis models, the effectiveness of the other four machine learning algorithms that can be used to analyze multidimensional data is compared. To predict the risk of terrorist attacks, a random forest model is created, and the effectiveness and accuracy of the model are evaluated based on statistical criteria. To determine the most important initial indicators, the method of recursive elimination of features in a random forest was used. The main result of this study is to identify the most important indicators for predicting the risk of terrorism and to reduce redundant indicators, which makes it possible to improve understanding of the main characteristics of attacks. Meanwhile, the results show that it is necessary to take appropriate proactive measures not only in the form of forceful detention, intelligence and response operations, but also to improve the stability of the state, achieve social balance and improve the quality of life of citizens.
Ensuring the security of the Internet space through the "new multipolarity"
Authors: Kosinova Sofiia
Published: April 2022

In the article, the author addresses the topic of Internet governance as one of the urgent problems of international relations. Internet regulation in this context is considered as a new area of world politics, the role of which, in view of its economic, political and cultural potential, will increase in the near future. The study examines the approaches of different countries and international organizations to ensuring the security of the Internet space through its management. The author analyzes the evolution of approaches to Internet governance and the specifics of the growth of actors' involvement in this process. Various actors affecting information security are considered. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the consideration of a historical retrospective of interstate interactions that directly affects the development of technologies around the world. Various methods of communication are analyzed, as well as the key principles and values that should guide the subjects of the Internet governance process. The study mentions the need for developing countries to participate in existing Internet governance mechanisms. The author identifies various scientific approaches to the regulation of the Internet space used to prevent threats to global security. This article concludes about the predominant role of the approach to regulating the Internet space through the "new multipolarity".
Conditions for designing effective professional educational programs at a modern university
Authors: Aldoshina Marina Ivanovna
Published: April 2022

The author examines the aspects of the formation of professional and key personal competencies and their features in the modern digital society and university education, reflected in the design of professional educational programs. The author actualizes the need to update educational professional programs, examines the essence and features of the formation of professional competencies in universities of modern Russia at the digital stage of the development of civilization, features of the individualization of the educational process in the era of digitalization and the spread of distance technologies. The article prioritizes the impact of personnel, logistical and substantive problems. The subject of this article is the conditions for the development of effective professional educational programs in university education. The object is the design of professional educational programs. В В  In the situation of the current stage of the digital development of society and the stage of the development of vocational education, the problem of the formation of professional competencies in university education is particularly relevant.The methodological basis of the article is a competence-based approach that considers the results of students' educational actions through competencies. The main problem of the article is the consideration of the conditions for designing effective professional educational programs and technologies for their practical implementation at the university for the formation of a complex of professional and personal competencies of students in the conditions of digitalization of university education and the spread of distance education. The need to update educational professional programs is determined by the peculiarities of modern vocational education, the level of competence and preparedness of subjects in it, taking into account the personnel, material, technical and content-technological conditions of the modern personality-oriented professional educational route of each student, which allows to coordinate and harmonize the disparate personal and axiological determinants of the digital stage of the development of university education in society.
Development of non-formal and informal teaching of foreign languages in the 2010s
Authors: Flerov Oleg Vladislavovich
Published: April 2022

The object of research in the proposed article is informal and informative learning as educational practices alternative to the development of basic educational programs implemented in institutional pedagogical conditions. The subject is the process of learning and mastering a foreign language accordingly. Special attention is paid to the information and communication conditions of the digital environment formed in the 2010s and the mechanism of their influence on the non-institutional development of languages. Such language education is considered as a process that is actively developing not only on the basis of a purely pedagogical understanding of the importance of building educational routes throughout life, but also due to objective information realities that affect the specifics of the existence of knowledge around us as a "product" of information development. Interdisciplinary information-communicative and pedagogical analysis is used as a research methodology, demonstrating a natural change in the process of teaching foreign languages in the conditions of transformation of the information-language environment. The study is deductive in nature, in which the author proceeds from substantiating the general role of non-formal and informal education in the life of a modern person to specific conditions affecting the development of foreign languages in a similar way. On the basis of the received material, the final part analyzes specific trends and contradictions in the development of informal and informal teaching of foreign languages and its interaction with institutional pedagogical practice. It is concluded that the potential of non-institutional learning of foreign languages is clearly higher today than even a decade ago, and due to its active disclosure, it is possible to achieve complementarity with formal education in order to achieve a synergetic effect in the process of continuous education of the individual. The novelty of the work consists in deepening general ideas about the role of non-institutional educational practices in the development of personality through the prism of one discipline with the identification of specific trends in their development at a certain time interval, taking into account the conditions of transformation of the information and communication environment.
Development of cooperation in vocational education
Authors: Avdeeva Natalia Aleksandrovna , Aravina Tatiana Ivanovna
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific and applied research of the practice of improving vocational education in higher education institutions in cooperation of participants in relations in the field of education. The methods of interdisciplinary analysis of literature and normative legal documents, the method of analysis of pedagogical experience, general scientific methods of systematization, generalization, comparison, classification were applied. New programs of higher professional education have been developed and are being implemented to prepare bachelors and masters in the field of Linguistics at the Department of Foreign Languages of Professional Communication of Vladimir State University in cooperation with partner organizations based on the provisions of domestic pedagogy of cooperation enshrined in modern legislation. The current professional competencies of bachelors of the direction 45.03.02 - Linguistics, developed in accordance with the labor functions of the professional standard 04.015 "Specialist in translation", are presented. Indicators of their achievement are structured according to the skill levels indicated by the professional community. Particular importance is attached to the relevance of designing individual educational routes of students. A route model is proposed, which is based on various forms of development of cooperation in the field of vocational education in higher education. The results of the study show the need to develop cooperation that takes into account the interests and needs of all subjects of educational activity. In the practice of the department, it is implemented through joint training of bachelors with employers, obtaining additional qualifications by them, continuing their studies in a master's degree with the prospect of pedagogical activity.
The state of hemodynamics of trainees of vocational training during a fire training class
Authors: Arkhipov Sergei Nikolaevich , Sinitsyn Evgeniy Igorevich
Published: April 2022

The activities of employees of internal affairs bodies associated with the performance of official duties in extreme conditions dangerous to life and health, leads to the emergence of negative emotional states. Such conditions have an impact on the entire physiological system of the body. This often leads to affective or aggressive-chaotic actions, or to the refusal to perform those actions that, if necessary, will allow you to successfully complete the official task. This often leads to injuries and deaths of law enforcement officers. Problem statement: the study of the functioning of the body systems of employees of the internal affairs bodies, their behavior in situations of risk to life and health shows that employees often have poor self-regulation techniques to overcome negative conditions and are not able to quickly bring their body to a normal functional state. The purpose of the study: to establish the relationship between hemodynamic and respiratory indicators of trainees of vocational training in a fire training class.Research methods: the authors have applied both theoretical research methods (analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization). Empirical data were systematized on the basis of mathematical statistics methods and presented using the graphical method. Results and key conclusions: based on the developed private methodology of functional diagnostics, the indicators of hemodynamics and external respiration of employees of internal affairs bodies during fire training classes were studied. In addition, the results of the study can be used when conducting fire training classes for the development and implementation of individually differentiated technologies for self-regulation of employees during professional training.
International treaties on legal assistance in law enforcement activities of the Customs authorities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ovchinnikov Sergei Nikolaevich , Atamanchuk Vadim Valentinovich
Published: April 2022

The most important task of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation is to protect national security, prevent, detect and suppress crimes and administrative offenses, cooperate with customs and other competent authorities of foreign states, international organizations dealing with customs issues. One of the means of solving this problem is international treaties on mutual assistance in customs matters. The article considers the state of international legal regulation of law enforcement activities of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation by international treaties on legal assistance. Using formal legal and comparative legal methods, the relevant international treaties in which the Russian Federation participates are analyzed. В В  The forms of legal assistance used in international cooperation in law enforcement activities of the Federal Customs Service are highlighted. The system of legal aid treaties under study is heterogeneous in its structure and does not cover relations with all States with which this cooperation may be necessary. As a solution to the problem, the systematization of international acts regulating issues of international cooperation of customs authorities in the law enforcement sphere is presented and proposals are presented to the legislator: to conclude agreements with those states with which an agreement on mutual legal assistance in criminal and administrative matters has already been concluded, but no agreement on mutual assistance in customs matters has been concluded.