bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syiar Islam dalam Upacara Adat Hanta Ua Pua di Tanah Bima Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Malingi Alan
Published: May 2018

This article was written to preserve and promote one of the most important ceremonies in Bima NTB known as the Hanta Ua Pua. As a cultural heritage of Islam, the ceremony was held to coincide with the commemoration of the birthday of the Prophet or the Maulid Nabi Muhammad so in Bima it is also called the Hanta Ua Pua Ade Wura Molu or Molu (the delivery of Ua Pua in the birthday month). In the historical development of Bima, Hanta Ua Pua ceremony was first held during the reign of Sultan Abdul Khair Sirajuddin, the second sultan of Bima (16401682 AD). Since then, Hanta Ua Pua was recognized as a a routine celebration of the Bima sultanate known as Na'e Rawi Kali Ma Tolu Samba'a, considered one of the grand ceremonies held three times a year: the Ndiha Aru King Na'e (the celebration of Eid al-Adha), the Ndiha Aru King To'i (Eid celebrations), and the Ndiha Ua Pua (celebration Hanta Ua Pua). This study outlines the history of Islam in the Land of Bima for Hanta Ua Pua is related to the process of Islamic religious missions in Bima, the meaning and purpose Pua Ua, its ceremonies, its ritual supplies, as well as the arts ceremony of Hanta Ua Pua.

Artikel ini ditulis untuk melestarikan dan mempromosikan salah satu upacara adat di tanah Bima NTB yang dikenal dengan Hanta Ua Pua yang merupakan warisan budaya islam. Upacara ini dilaksanakan bertepatan dengan peringatan Maulid Nabi Muhammmad SAW. sehingga dalam bahasa Bima juga sering disebut dengan Hanta Ua Pua Ade Wura Molu atau MOLU ( Pengantaran Ua Pua di dalam bulan maulid). Dalam Perkembangan sejarah Bima, upacara Hanta Ua Pua dilaksanakan pertama kali pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Abdul Khair Sirajuddin, sultan Bima kedua (1640-1682 M). Sejak saat itu, Hanta Ua Pua ditetaptakan sebagai perayaan rutin kesultanan Bima yang dikenal dengan Rawi Na’e Ma Tolu Kali Samba’a, termasukl upacara besar yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga kali setahun. Perayaan tersebut yaitu Ndiha Aru Raja Na’e (Perayaan Idul Adha), Ndiha Aru Raja To’i (Perayaan Idul Fitri), dan Ndiha Ua Pua (Perayaan Hanta Ua Pua). Studi ini menguraikan sejarah Islam di Tanah Bima karena Hanta Ua Pua berkaitan dengan proses penyiaran agama Islam di Bima, makna dan tujuan Ua Pua, rangkaian upacara Ua Pua, perlengkapan ritual Ua Pua, serta kesenian pengiring upacara Hanta Ua Pua.
K.H. Misbah Ibn Zainul Musthafa (1916-1994 M): Pemikir dan Penulis Teks Keagamaan dari Pesantren
Authors: Gusmian Islah
Published: May 2018

This article describes the literary tradition of pesantren in writing religious texts produced by the kiais. The case examined in this article is KH. Misbah ibn Zainul Mustafa Bangilan, the leader of Pesantren AlBalagh, Bangilan, Tuban, East Java. He has written some religious texts, both translation and original work, with a variety of approaches in defining topics, language and script, as well as writing techniques. His works show that pesantren is not only as a space for the transfer of knowledge and education of character building under the guidance of kiyais. Also, they – as shown in the figure KH. Misbah ibn Zainul Mustafa also represent sufficiently rich and comprehensive literary work in various fields of Islamic studies. In the hands of kiais, pesantren has become a scriptorium and at the same place where the kiais write Islamic religious texts and publish them, so that they can be read by the public.

Keywords: Pesantren, Kiai, Manuscript, Religious Text, Islam, Java.

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang tradisi penulisan teks-teks keagama-an yang terjadi di dunia pesantren yang dilakukan oleh para kiai pesantren. Kasus yang diangkat dalam artikel ini adalah KH. Misbah ibn Zainul Mustafa Bangilan, pengasuh Pesantren Al-Balagh, Bangilan, Tuban, Jawa Timur. Dari tangannya telah lahir teks-teks keagamaan, baik terjemahan maupun asli, dengan beragam topik bahasan, bahasa dan aksara yang digunakan, serta teknik penulisan. Dari karya-karya yang dihasilkan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pesantren bukan hanya sebagai ruang di mana transfer ilmu pengetahuan dan pendidikan karakter dilakukan oleh para kiai. Lebih dari itu, mereka—seperti tampak pada sosok KH. Misbah ibn Zainul Mustafa—juga merepresentasikan anggitan dalam berbagai bidang keilmuan Islam yang cukup kaya dan komprehensif. Di tangan kiai, pesantren menjadi skriptorium dan sekaligus tempat di mana kiai menulis teks-teks keagamaan Islam dan mempublikasikannya di tengah masyarakat, sehingga bisa dibaca oleh masyarakat luas.

Kata Kunci: Pesantren, Kiai, Manuskrip, Teks Keagamaan, Islam, Jawa.
“Duduk Dekat di Bawah Guru” dan Transformasinya: Kajian atas Kitab Upanisad dalam Ajaran Hindu
Authors: Segara I Nyoman Yoga
Published: May 2018

This article is the result of the study of literature on the scripture of the Upanisad, one of the most important in the Hindu scriptures. Upanisad becomes an integral part of the Vedas, even being sakha to describe the contents of Catur Veda Samhita. This position reinforces the belief of Hindus that the Upanisad is Vedanta, which on further development inspires other scriptures, especially Darsana, and also Bhagawadgita. The contents of the principal Upanisads primarily discuss the concept of God (Brahman), the human and the atman, the beginning and end of the universe, death, karma and reincarnation, and also dreams. But in general, the main content of Upanisad reflects about the sraddha, and Hindu philosophy. Actually, the content of the Upanisad is very heavy, but this scripture is relatively easy to read because it is served with a dialogue style and the narrative is rich in analogies. In addition Upanisad literally translated as “to sit down near the teacher”, as well as imagination on indepth dialogue between teacher and student, although the main content of the Upanisad has exceeded its basic meaning.

Keywords: Upanisad, Catur Veda Samhita, Vedanta, Sraddha, Hindu Philosophy, Scriptures

Artikel ini adalah hasil kajian kepustakaan terhadap kitab Upanisad, salah satu kitab suci terpenting dalam Hindu. Upanisad menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari Weda, bahkan menjadi sakha untuk menjabarkan isi Catur Weda Samhita. Posisi ini memperkuat keyakinan umat Hindu bahwa Upanisad adalah Wedanta, yang pada perkembangan selanjutnya mengin-spirasi kitab-kitab suci lainnya, terutama Darsana, dan juga Bhagawadgita. Adapun isi pokok Upanisad membahas banyak konsep tentang Tuhan (Brahman), manusia dan atman, awal dan akhir semesta, kematian, karma dan reinkarnasi, juga mimpi. Namun secara umum, isi pokok Upanisad merefleksikan tentang sraddha, dan filsafat Hindu. Sebenarnya, isi Upanisad sangatlah berat, namun kitab ini relatif mudah dibaca karena disajikan dengan gaya dialog dan narasinya kaya analogi. Selain secara harafiah Upanisad diartikan sebagai “duduk dekat di bawah guru”, juga karena imajinasi atas dialog mendalam antara guru dan murid, meskipun isi pokok Upanisad telah melampui pengertian dasarnya ini.

Kata Kunci: Upanisad, Catur Weda Samhita, Wedanta, Sraddha, Filsafat Hindu, Kitab Suci.
Vihara Avalokitesvara Serang: Arsitektur dan Peranannya dalam Relasi Buddhis-Tionghoa dengan Muslim di Banten
Authors: Kholis Nurman
Published: May 2018

The Vihara Avalokitesvara (a Buddhist place of worship) is located in Pama¬rican, Customs, Serang. This vihara is the oldest vihara in Banten and was built in the 16th century. Nuances of Chinese and Buddhist architecture may be seen in the dragon decoration among other things and in the menyeruapi burning paper of the pagoda and in the painting and sculpture of Kwan lm Pouw Sat, and the sculpture of Wie Tho Pou Sat. There is a large statue of the Buddha and a picture of the lotus flower. And yet there are Islamic nuances also. There is a relief depicting the wedding of Princess Ong Tin with Syarif Hidayatullah. This vihara is visited by many Muslims as well as by Buddhists.

Keywords: Vihara, Buddha, Chinese, Islam, Banten

Vihara Avalokitesvara berlokasi di Pamarican, Pabean, Serang. Vihara ini merupakan vihara yang tertua di Banten dan diperkirakan dibangun sekitar abad ke-16. Untuk mengungkapkan unsur-unsur etnis dan agama pada arsitektur vihara ini dianalisis secara semiotik. Berdasarkan analisis ini maka diketahui unsur-unsur bernuansa Tionghoa yaitu antara lain hiasan naga, tempat pembakaran kertas yang menyeruapi pagoda, lukisan dan patung Dewi Kwan Im, patung Kwan lm Pouw Sat, dan patung Wie Tho Pou Sat. Adapun unsur-unsur agama Buddha dalam vihara ini antara lain patung besar Buddha Gautama dan gambar bunga teratai. Selain itu juga terdapat unsur bernuansa Islam yaitu pada relief yang menggam¬barkan pernikahan Putri Ong Tin dengan Syarif Hidayatullah. Karena itu, vihara ini juga dikunjungi oleh banyak umat Islam.

Kata Kunci: vihara, Buddha, Tionghoa, Islam, Banten
Karya Ulama Sumatera Barat: Krisis Basis dan Generasi Penerus
Authors: Bustamam Ridwan
Published: May 2018

These days, while many a book is being written, on the one hand publishing houses find less to appreciate while, on the other, really scholarly books on religion are becoming still more scarce. In spite of some difficulties, this study has managed to uncover 104 scholarly works in West Sumatra alone: 22 karya tulis di PPMTI Batang Kabung, Padang; 1 karya tulis di Perguruan Diniyah Putri Padang Panjang; 5 karya tulis di PPMTI Pasir, Agam; 45 karya tulis koleksi perpustakaan ahli waris Abdul Latif Syakur di Balai Gurah, IV Angkat, Agam; dan 30 karya tulis koleksi pribadi Buya Apria Putra di Payakumbuh. Research shows that many original scholarly works are to be found on the premises of boarding schools. The works of such devoted scholars as these are perhaps more evident today in the physical presence of madrassah, pesentran, mosques and so on, than they are in the field of writing. In fact, it is to these scholars that government and publishing houses should go for more specifically religious books. The work of these scholars would thus reach a larger public.

Keywords: inventory, writing, ulama, West Sumatra.

Saat ini, masih banyak karya ulama yang belum terpublikasi secara luas, di satu sisi para pengambil kebijakan maupun usaha penerbitan kurang mengapresiasi mereka, di sisi lain ulama yang mampu menulis buku juga semakin langka. Meskipun bersifat lanjutan, penelitian inventarisasi berperspektif kualitatif ini berhasil mengungkap 104 karya ulama di Sumatera Barat, yaitu 22 karya tulis di PPMTI Batang Kabung, Padang; 1 karya tulis di Perguruan Diniyah Putri Padang Panjang; 5 karya tulis di PPMTI Pasir, Agam; 45 karya tulis koleksi perpustakaan ahli waris Abdul Latif Syakur di Balai Gurah, IV Angkat, Agam; dan 30 karya tulis koleksi pribadi Buya Apria Putra di Payakumbuh. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa makin langkanya ulama yang menulis buku, terutama di lingkungan pesantren. Karya para ulama yang lebih menonjol saat ini hanya berbentuk karya fisik seperti bangunan madrasah, pesantren, masjid, dan sejenisnya. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah dan penerbit buku perlu merangsang mereka untuk menulis buku keagamaan. Tujuannya, agar karya tulis para ulama dapat dibaca masyarakat secara lebih luas.

Kata Kunci: inventarisasi, karya tulis, ulama, Sumatera Barat.
Situs Menanga Solor Flores Timur: Jejak Islam di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)
Authors: Murtadlo Muhamad
Published: May 2018

Solor Island, East Flores considered as one gate of the presence of three major religions (Islam, Catholicism, Christianity) in East Nusa Tenggara. The existence of Lohayong fort built by Portuguese (1566) became the beginning discussionabout history of religion in that area. This study was formulated to answer the question: whether Islam first present on the Solor Island? What kinds of evidencesthat prove of existence Islam on this island? Using archaeological and literature studies, the study concluded that there is some evidence like the presence of ulama Joe Pattiduri in Menanga at 13th century, the Fort of Menanga and the alliance of the five royal beach (Solor Watanlema). This facts also shows that Islam has been present before the Portuguese presence in the island.

Keywords: Sites, Menanga, Watanlema

Pulau Solor, Flores Timur menjadi saksi penting masuknya tiga agama besar (Islam, Katholik, Kristen) di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Keberadaan Benteng Lohayong yang dibangun Portugis (1566) menjadi awal diskusi masuknya agama di NTT. Penelitian ini dirumuskan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: apakah Islam lebih dahulu hadir di Pulau Solor? bukti apa saja yang bisa kita saksikan tentang Islam di Pulau Solor ini? Pendekatan kajian menggunakan studi arkeologi dan pustaka. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada beberapa bukti seperti hadirnya ulama Joe Pattiduri di Menanga abad 13, keberadaan Benteng Menanga dan Aliansi 5 kerajaan pantai Solor Watanlema. Fakta ini juga menunjukkan bahwa bahwa Agama Islam telah hadir sebelum Portugis hadir di Pulau Solor.

Kata-kata Kunci: Situs, Menanga, Watan Lema
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND TREATMENT COMPLIANCE IN CARDIOVASCULAR REHABILITATION
Authors: Martino Pablo Luis , Mora Penagos Juan Pablo , Audisio Eduardo Oscar , Kerbage Soraya , Barrios Cristina , Lirio Carlos , Bonet José Luis
Published: May 2018

Aim: Psychosocial factors have an impact in cardiovascular disease. It is postulated that psychosocial alterations might reduce treatment compliance among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, which leads to a worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and treatment compliance in CAD patients attending cardiovascular rehabilitation programs.

Method:  A descriptive (correlational) and cross-sectional study was designed. The sample included 70 adult patients, both males and females, attending the cardiovascular rehabilitation program at Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Four psychosocial instruments were administered for the assessment of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck II depression inventory), anger (STAXI-II) and functional capacity (Duke Activity Scale). Treatment compliance was defined in terms of attendance to cardiovascular rehabilitation sessions.

Results: Bivariate correlations revealed a positive association between the scores for anger control and treatment compliance, as well as a positive relationship between the scores for functional capacity and treatment compliance.

Conclusions: Psychosocial alterations correspond to a worse treatment compliance in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. It is advisable for health care professionals to consider the psychosocial status of CAD patients on admission to rehabilitation programs.
The Elusive Concept of Expertise: Who Counts as an Expert?
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail
Published: May 2018

There is an ongoing debate in the philosophy and psychology of skill as to the nature of expertise. On the one side of this debate are those who maintain that although novices need to think about, deliberate over, and pay attention to their developing skills, experts perform optimally in the absence of conscious skill-directed attention, while on the other side, are those who maintain that experts generally are consciously engaged in their execution of their skills. What, exactly, do the various proponents of each side of this debate mean by “expert” when they claim that experts either do or do not consciously attend to their movements in action? The aim of this paper is to describe and critically analyze some of the uses of the term “expert” in the expertise literature, along with the criteria that have been employed to identify experts and, ultimately, to suggest a conceptualization of expertise that may facilitate a more productive debate over the question of whether experts think in action.
G. T. Fechner (1801-1887) In and For Psychology
Authors: Woodward William R
Published: May 2018

I have presented a broader review of Fechner “in and for psychology” than that with which psychologists are generally familiar. Fechner wrote in a time before the emergence of psychology as a discipline and a profession. (1) He offered a quantitative theory of pleasure as a computational principle in action, directed toward the goal of stability or equilibrium. (2) Bodies and minds are collections of phenomena in Fechner’s phenomenalism. Mental changes are a function of bodily changes, but not vice versa, an asymmetric relationship. Double-aspect theory can be seen as relating clusters of body phenomena and mental phenomena. Is their relation functional or causal? (3) Fechner’s psychological parallelism contributed a widely-accepted meme to nineteenth-century philosophical and psychological thought. (4) Scholars have anchored his psychophysics in sensitivity, expanded it to a psychophysical worldview, and drawn lessons for memory from the inner psychophysics. (5) Fechner’s experimental aesthetics drew on judgments of beautiful objects by naïve subjects, taking into consideration the proportions of the object as well as the feelings of the subject. Part II will address Fechner “beyond psychology”: his physics and chemistry, indeterminism, atomism, non-reductive materialism, satirical writings, and philosophy of religion.
Fire in the Forests? Exploring the Human-Ecological History of Australia's First Frontier
Authors: Karskens Grace
Published: May 2018

In his landmark book
The Biggest Estate on Earth
, historian Bill Gammage argues that before the arrival of white settlers, the whole Australian continent was a manicured cultural landscape, shaped and maintained by precise, deliberate and repeated fires. In Aboriginal hands, fire made the entire country 'beautiful and comfortable', and so Australia was one vast 'estate', a giant 'park', a series of 'farms without fences'. These words imply that Aboriginal rights to land are closely tied to universal fire regimes. Gammage's book has been well-received and celebrated. But it has also polarised debates on fire regimes, especially the extent to which fire really did shape every corner of the continent, and the related assertion that contemporary ecologies are the result of the cessation of fire since 1788.

This paper integrates ethnographic history and archaeology with geography, soil science and ecology in order to set Gammage's model against a particular ecological zone - the dense River-flat Forests that once lined Dyarubbin, the Hawkesbury-Nepean River in New South Wales, Australia. Dyarubbin was occupied by Aboriginal people for perhaps 50,000 years, and from 1794 it became the site of the first major settler farming frontier. Paying attention to the local and the particular, this paper asks: was this fiercely contested country a tidy mosaic of open forests, water and grasslands created by cultural fire? Was Aboriginal burning here extensive or limited? What aspects of human and ecological history might be obscured by the universalising model in which cultural fire dominates above all other factors? Did the Aboriginal landscape in turn shape the settler one, and what were the consequences for land and people?
IXRF Optimization for Harmful Element Detection in Iranian Dust
Authors: Mansourbahmani H.R. , Negarestani A. , Rezaie M.R.
Published: May 2018

Detection of hazardous and radioactive (HR) elements in dust is very important for environment and human health. About 70 percent of Iran’s climate is arid and semi-arid, and one of the environmental challenges that it faces includes approaching dust storms from the southern and the western countries that neighbour Iran. Therefore, to solve this problem, it seems necessary to make a portable device to detect the HR elements of dust to eliminate social anxiety. In the present study, an isotopic X-ray fluorescence (IXRF) device was optimized to identify HR elements in dust, which arrive as environmental pollutants from neighbouring countries situated to the west and the south of Iran. Simulation results have indicated that the elements could be recognized by an IXRF device after the combination of 241Am (26.4 and 59.6 keV) and 57Co (122 keV) as the source. In this device, a scintillation detector was used for the X-ray spectroscopy of elements. If the CsI(TI) detector that shielded with 1 mm copper, aluminum and tungsten, then the IXRF device with 1.64 mci 241Am and 57Co mixed source is able to measure the HR elements with low of detection (LOD) about 10 ppm. Therefore, the optimized IXRF device can be introduced to detect the HR elements in dust.
Zoning of Forest Fire Risk Based on Environment, Human and Land Factors (Case Study: Golestan Province, Iran)
Authors: Kaboosi Kami , Majidi Osman
Published: May 2018

Several factors are involved in forest fire occurrence and these parameters are divided into environment, human and land. Research showed that forest fires had significant correlation with meteorological and topographical variables. So, one way to prevent and control forest fire is its prediction based on effective factors including climatic ones (precipitation, air temperature and wind speed and direction), land use, elevation, slope and its direction and human activities (distance from roads and residential and agricultural land). In this study, risk zoning map of forest fires in Golestan province, Iran, was prepared considering all above factors. Zoning maps of these parameters were overlaid by classification weighted method. In order to risk zoning map verification, this map was matched with the fire events map in recent years in province.

Results showed that safe, low, moderate, high and very high fire risk zones covered 66, 14.5, 15.3, 4.1 and 0.1 percent of province land, respectively. Also, Bandar Torkeman, Gomishan and Agh-ghalla counties had no risky zone while other counties have risky zone with various degrees of fire. In aspect of county distribution, most percent of very risk zone belonged to Kalaleh (550 ha) and Maraveh Tappeh (360 ha) and risk zone to Kalaleh (36,110 ha), Galikesh (15,269 ha), Maraveh Tappeh (14,398 ha), Minoodasht (13,293 ha) and Azadshahr (2839 ha). Acceptable accuracy of the fire risk zoning map was found because a relative good compliance between the fire risk zoning map and fire distribution map in recent years.
Assessing Potential of Physical Development with an Emphasis on Geomorphological Indicators Using AHP-FUZZY (Case Study: Estahban City)
Authors: Teimouri Hossein , Ansari Maryam , Teimouri Hassan , Hashemi Nasab Hafez , Ghavagh Alireza Rahmati
Published: May 2018

Today, in urban societies, planning plays a crucial role in analyzing land suitability for urban development and identification of suitable and preferred lands for their physical development. Hence, the aim of this study is determining suitable lands for future development of Estahban and emphasizing the capabilities of GIS in presenting optimum patterns of physical development of Estahban. For this purpose, eight indicators were taken into consideration including slope, slope direction, height, land use, geology, distance to the faults, river and lake beds. Then, using AHP model, each of these indicators was weighted and their fuzzy map prepared in Arc GIS software. Finally, using fuzzy Gamma operator, zoning map for the development of the city was used. The results indicated that suitable areas for development of the city are scattered with small spaces that are located in the city centre and these lands have better position than the other areas. On the other hand, very weak class owned the largest percentage compared to the other classes which due to reasons such as inappropriate land use and inappropriate geological formations, small distance of rivers and lakes and faults which are not-suitable lands for physical development of the city.
Evaluating the Water Quality of Olive Orchards and Negative Effects of Agriculture on Environment
Authors: Lahiji Ali Ajili
Published: May 2018

Loshan is a city in the Central District of Rudbar county, Gilan Province and has dry climate. Due to the low rate of precipitation (average 250 mm per year), irrigation of olive orchards depends on the quality of water obtained from different wells. On the other hand, water and soil management of agriculture pay great attention to Rudbar city because its water quality is affected by bedrock. Therefore, based on the different position and geological structure of that region the quality of water is of central importance. In the present study, in order to assess the water quality, 40 samples were collected from wells of olive gardens. The results showed that the salinity of 62.16%, and 27% of waters ranged from 700 to 3000 and more than 3000 microsiemens per centimetre, respectively. Based on Wilcox classification 13%, 60% and 27% of waters were located in c2s1, c3s1 and c4s1 class. Accordingly, it was distinguished that salinity in irrigation water of some wells was higher than normal, which caused salt accumulation and degradation of soil. Therefore, ignoring this subject will be a threat for the garden of the region and surrounding ecosystem.
Three new supramolecular polymers as fluorescence probes for detecting Fe (III): Synthesis, structures, and properties
Authors: Qiao Xiu-Ying , Li Zi-Yan , Lu Ya-Bin , Xiao Min , Yan Zhen-Ning , Niu Yun-Yin
Published: May 2018

Three new supramolecular polymers based on Cu(X) (X = Br, I, SCN) and BPMB·2Br (BLMB = 1, 4-bis [(4-picoline)-N-methylene] benzene) have been synthesized via the self-assembly reaction in solution. 1–3 were characterized by X-ray crystal structure, TG, IR, elemental analysis UV-Vis, and XRD. These compounds exhibit mononuclear, tetranuclear cubane-like clusteric oligomer and 1D chain structure, respectively. We investigated the photocatalytic degradation properties and the optical band gap of them. Moreover, fluorescence spectrum indicates that they are probe for sensing Fe3+, resulting in Fe (III)-selective fluorescence quenching in water even in the presence of other metal ions.
Effect of alkali metal cations interactions on the intramolecular proton transfers in [cytosine-X]+ adduct ions, X = H, Li, Na, K
Authors: Valadbeigi Younes
Published: May 2018

Interactions of H+, Li+, Na+, and K+ cations with five isomers of cytosine were studied employing B3LYP and MP2 methods using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The cation-cytosine interactions affected the relative stability of the isomers, however, in the all complexes, the keto structure was the most stable isomer. Cation-cytosine interactions influenced the energy barriers of intramolecular proton transfers so that in some cases the cations catalyze the proton transfer and in others they increase the activation energies. The observed difference was attributed to the change in the acidity and basicities of the proton donor and acceptor sites and a linear correlation was obtained between acidity and activation energy.
An efficient and simple ultrasound-assisted approach to synthesis of Baclofen
Authors: Kakaei Saeed , Khameneh Elham Sattarzadeh
Published: May 2018

Herein, a significantly improved synthesis and purification of synthesis of Baclofen via dissolving β-(para-chlorophenyl)-glutaric acid imide into basic solution and further amount of bromine to access Baclofen with high purity is reported. pH of the reaction solution was adjusted with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Finally, the 4-amino-3-(4- chlorophenyl) butanoic acid was filtered and recrystallized. It is demonstrated that the present synthetic protocol doesnot need any hazardous or harmful solvents, has operational simplicity, and shows high yields and short synthetic route with simple work-up. As an advantage, this method includes a convenient approach for synthesis of Baclofen with ultrasound irradiation as the convenient energy source at the first step of reaction Followed by leading to good production yeilds. The product was characterized by M.p, IR, and NMR.
Chelation therapy: Assessing the impact of deferasirox size on lead(II) release from biological systems
Authors: Ranjbar Zohreh Rashidi , Khatamifar Marzieh , Fatemi Seyed Jamilaldine
Published: May 2018

The present research investigates the size effect of Deferasirox, “4-[3,5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1yl]-benzoicacid”, to reduce lead(II) poisoning in rat bodies. The lead(II) ions as PbCl2 was given orally to the rats in 40 mg/kg dose for 100 days. Deferasirox in nano scale was prepared by sonochemistry method. The effects of initial substance (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 g) and reaction time (15, 30 and 45 min) on deferasirox size were investigated. Chemotherapy by deferasirox in two scales, nano (16 nm) and bulk (6 μm), was done during 15 days. The lead(II) concentration in various tissues such as heart, liver, spleen and kidneys was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). The results show by decreasing in deferasirox particle size; more lead(II) amount were removed from rat’s organs.
Travel Time Estimation Modelling under Heterogeneous Traffic: A Case Study of Urban Traffic Corridor in Surat, India
Authors: Saw Krishna , Das Aathira K. , Katti Bhimaji K. , Joshi Gaurang J.
Published: May 2018

Achievement of fast and reliable travel time on urban road network is one of the major objectives for a transport planner against the enormous growth in vehicle population and urban traffic in most of the metropolitan cities in India. Urban arterials or main city corridors are subjected to heavy traffic flow resulting in degradation of traffic quality in terms of vehicular delays and increase in travel time. Since the Indian roadway traffic is characterized by heterogeneity with dominance of 2Ws (Two wheelers) and 3Ws (Auto rickshaw), travel times are varying significantly. With this in background, the present paper focuses on identification of travel time attributes such as heterogeneous traffic, road side friction and corridor intersections for recurrent traffic condition and to develop an appropriate Corridor Travel Time Estimation Model using Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) approach. The model is further subjected to sensitivity analysis with reference to identified attributes to realize the impact of the identified attributes on travel time so as to suggest certain measures for improvement.
The Spanish Reception of Le Sacre du Printemps (1913–1936)
Authors: Murga Castro Idoia
Published: May 2018

Centenary celebrations are being held between 2016 and 2018 to mark the first consecutive tours of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Spain. This study analyses the Spanish reception of Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) (1913), one of its most avant-garde pieces. Although the original work was never performed in Spain as a complete ballet, its influence was felt deeply in the work of certain Spanish choreographers, composers, painters and intellectuals during the so-called Silver Age, the period of modernisation and cultural expansion which extended from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
Parisian Music-Hall Ballet through the Eyes of its Critics
Authors: Gutsche-Miller Sarah
Published: May 2018

In the 1890s, Paris's three pre-eminent music halls – the Folies-Bergère, the Olympia, and the Casino de Paris – staged ballets on a nightly basis alongside circus acts and song-and-dance routines. As music-hall ballet librettos and scores show, these productions were closely related to ballets staged by the Paris Opéra, with similar large-scale structures, scene and dance types, and dramatic, choreographic, and musical conventions. What music-hall ballets looked like, however, is less clear: they have left few visual traces, and virtually no prose descriptions of choreography or staging. The one plentiful source of information is press reviews, but relying on reviews poses many problems for the historian. Critics’ various culturally situated viewpoints and interpretations may be used to create a composite picture of what might have been happening on stage, but they can also leave us with a hazy understanding of the genre. This paper examines the multiple and sometimes contradictory critical responses to 1890s music-hall ballets both to highlight what effect such contradictions might have on our perception of music-hall ballet (in particular as art or salacious spectacle) and to call attention to the problems inherent in using the press as a documentary source.
Irish chronicles as sources for the history of northern Britain, A.D. 660–800
Authors: Evans Nicholas
Published: May 2018

This article studies the subject matter, details, and vocabulary of the Irish chronicle record relating to northern Britain from A.D. 660 to 800 in order to establish its sources. It rejects theories that the record from 660 to 740 preserves Applecross, Northern British or Pictish chronicles, arguing that an ‘Iona Chronicle’ accounts for nearly all items for northern Britain, and some, but not all, for Ireland. ‘The Iona Chronicle’ was a contemporary text whose style and interests gradually evolved over the period. After 740 the more limited evidence indicates that Iona and somewhere in southern Pictland probably provided written notices of events, but that the record's final form was produced in Ireland. The combination of common features and regional variation reflects the existence of more multiple ‘centres of recording’ which provided written notices of events to the ‘centres of chronicling’ at Iona and later Ireland, where the surviving chronicle text was produced.
Kate O'Brien in the Theatre
Authors: Moran James
Published: May 2018

Kate O'Brien initially made her literary reputation as a dramatist rather than a novelist. Her debut play Distinguished Villa (1926) won acclaim in London when first produced onstage, and critics compared her with Seán O'Casey. However, O'Brien's dramatic work manifests some key differences to O'Casey, not least O'Brien's recurring concern with the behavioural norms and sexual predilections of the English middle-classes, and her early awareness of the requirements of the British censor. Although O'Brien is remembered as a figure who transgressed the censorship rules of the Irish government, it was the British system of censorship she first had to navigate.
The Banning and Unbanning of Kate O'Brien's The Land of Spices
Authors: Fischerova Jana
Published: May 2018

This essay examines the circumstances of the prohibition of Kate O'Brien's novel The Land of Spices in 1941. It focuses on demonstrating how banning the novel as indecent was a way for the Irish censors to remove a work from circulation that they found objectionable for its critique of the standards of Irish Catholicism and the direction of the Irish state. The essay shows how the official evaluations of the novel revealed not only certain sensitivities in the new state, but also the ambiguity of the concept of indecency, as it was embedded in the Censorship of Publications Act.
Conversing with Caribbean and Northern Scottish Landscapes and Lifescapes
Authors: Salt Karen , Mains Susan P.
Published: May 2018

This conversation–and the 2015 Landscapes and Lifescapes Symposium (in Inverness) out of which it grew—offers a starting point for us to collaboratively explore transatlantic histories and geographies and to open up other interdisciplinary conversations addressing how we understand our relationships to identity, history and place. The discussion addresses five key questions that provide a broad scope for thinking about how the relationships between the Anglo-Caribbean and Northern Scotland have been depicted historically, and how the idea of landscapes and lifescapes may help us to diversify this dialogue further. These questions are: 1) what can we learn from investigating the entangled histories and geographies of Scotland and the Anglophone Caribbean; 2) how are these two places—and the islands that surround them—linked; 3) how do we shift depictions of Scottish history to include Caribbean people, movements, systems and perspectives; 4) what is lost in representations of the Caribbean and Scotland as ‘peripheral’ British territories; and, 5) what role can community-based collaborative research projects play in our societal understanding of landscapes and lifescapes (in all forms) in both regions
Research on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Tractor-Trailers with a Parametric Cab Design
Authors: Peng Jing , Wang Tie , Yang Tiantian , Sun Xiuquan , Li Guoxing
Published: May 2018

As tractor-trailer ownership has increased year-by-year, corresponding energy consumption and environmental issues have gradually become a heated issue. Approximately 45 percent of the total aerodynamic drag of tractor-trailers is attributed to the flow at the front surface of the cab, and the gap between the cab and trailer. Therefore, this study has taken a new approach to designing the shape of the cab inspired by the external forebody of the cheetah. A parametric design protruding cab was devised in this study; the length of the protruding part and the angle between this protruding part and the A pillar were two design variables. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was conducted to investigate the drag reduction effects of these new cab styling designs, and the proposed cab reduced the drag by a maximum of 8.49%. The flow characteristics around the whole body of the tractor-trailer baseline model and the parametric cab design vehicle model were analyzed using the velocity streamline graph to illuminate the change of the flow field and the drag-reduction mechanism of the proposed design. A vortex formed above the protruding part of the cab and it acted as a ‘vortex cushion’ to accelerate the speed of the air flow; accordingly, the positive and negative pressure distribution on the front surface of the cab and trailer also changed. The new parametric design has provided the possibility to adjust the forebody of the cab to an aerodynamically optimized shape, and these findings have offered useful information for the development of a new design method of the tractor-trailer to reduce aerodynamic drag and improve fuel economy.
Projected Changes in Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature under Alternative Climate Scenarios
Authors: Newth David , Gunasekera Don
Published: May 2018

The increased levels of Greenhouse Gasses (GHGs) in the atmosphere will result in increased near-surface air temperature and absolute humidity. These two factors increasingly pose a risk of heat stress to humans. The Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is a widely used and validated index for assessing the environmental heat stress. Using the output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations of the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), we calculated the global and regional changes in WBGT. Globally, the WBGT is projected to increase by 0.6–1.7 °C for RCP 2.6 and 2.37–4.4 °C for RCP 8.5. At the regional scale, our analysis suggests a disproportionate increase in the WBGT over northern India, China, northern Australia, Africa, Central America and Southeast Asia. An increase in WBGT has consequences not only on human health but also on social and economic factors. These consequences may be exacerbated in developing economies, which are less able to adapt to the changing environmental conditions.
Synthesis, Characterization of Nanosized ZnCr2O4 and Its Photocatalytic Performance in the Degradation of Humic Acid from Drinking Water
Authors: Dumitru Raluca , Manea Florica , Păcurariu Cornelia , Lupa Lavinia , Pop Aniela , Cioablă Adrian , Surdu Adrian , Ianculescu Adelina
Published: May 2018

Zinc chromite (ZnCr2O4) has been synthesized by the thermolysis of a new Zn(II)-Cr(III) oxalate coordination compound, namely [Cr2Zn(C2O4)4(OH2)6]·4H2O. The coordination compound has been characterized by chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermal analysis. The zinc chromite obtained after a heating treatment of the coordination compound at 450 °C for 1 h has been investigated by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM/HR-TEM coupled with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) measurements. The photocatalytic performance of nanosized zinc chromite was assessed for the degradation and mineralization of humic acid (HA) from a drinking water source, envisaging the development of the advanced oxidation process for drinking water treatment technology. A mineralization efficiency of 60% was achieved after 180 min of 50 mg L−1 HA photocatalysis using zinc chromite under UV irradiation, in comparison with 7% efficiency reached by photolysis.
Improvement of Aluminium Film Adhesion on PMMA Using Pre-Layer and Specific Annealing
Authors: Fu Xiuhua , Zhang Gong , Zhang Jing , Guo Kai , Pan Yonggang
Published: May 2018

During the electron beam evaporation for deposition of an aluminium film, high-speed electrons decelerate when they bombard the material and part of the electron energy contributes to radiation. Due to the high sensitivity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to such radiation (in UV), the PMMA surface is degraded. This results in a weak surface of PMMA layer and decreases film adhesion. Based on the film interface adhesion mechanism and the relationship between film structure and stress, this research proposed and investigated a method for producing high quality Al reflective thin film on a PMMA surface with good adhesion. This was done by depositing a pre-layer of 20 nm Al using resistant evaporation to protect the PMMA surface from radiation damage, followed by the deposition of 80 nm Al using e-beam evaporation with ion assisted deposition. Using this method, an average reflectance of 88.6% was achieved in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. The elastic modulus and hardness were tested by nanoindentation for the calculation of the thermal stress of the film. Adhesion was tested using the pressure strip peeling test and meets the military national standard.
New Polymorphs of the Phase-Change Material Sodium Acetate
Authors: Dittrich Birger , Bergmann Justin , Roloff Peter , Reiss Guido
Published: May 2018

Two new polymorphs of the phase-change material sodium acetate were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A tetragonal form was found first. It converted to a orthorhombic form after measurement of a single crystal of the tetragonal form at 100 K and subsequent warming to ambient temperature. Hirshfeld surface fingerprint plots show the different packing environments of the two new compared to the two known orthorhombic polymorphs Forms I and II. The accuracy and precision of the structures were improved compared to conventional independent atom model refinement through the use of aspherical scattering factors of the invariom database. We think that the layered nature of all sodium acetate forms, and the thereby limited (“quantized”) availability of vibrational modes, is related to the phenomenon of supersaturation, which is connected to its phase-change properties.
Polaron-Mediated Luminescence in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate and Its Domain Contrast
Authors: Reichenbach Philipp , Kämpfe Thomas , Haußmann Alexander , Thiessen Andreas , Woike Theo , Steudtner Robin , Kocsor Laura , Szaller Zsuzsanna , Kovács László , Eng Lukas
Published: May 2018

In this review article, we discuss photoluminescence phenomena mediated by polarons in lithium niobate (LNO). At first we present the fundamentals on polaron states in LNO and their energy levels, i.e., on free and bound electron polarons, on hole polarons as well as on bipolarons. We discuss the absorption measurements on reduced as well as on doped LNO that made the characterization of the formed polaron states possible by their absorption bands. Next, we proceed by reporting on the two polaron-mediated photoluminescence bands that have been observed in LNO: (1) A near-infrared luminescence band in the range of 1.5 eV shows a mono-exponential decay and a strong dependence on iron doping. This luminescence is emitted by bound polarons returning from an excited state to the ground state. (2) A luminescence band at visible wavelengths with a maximum at 2.6 eV shows a stretched-exponential decay and is strongly enhanced by optical damage resistant doping around the doping threshold. This luminescence stems from the recombination of free electron and hole polarons. The next major topic of this review are domain contrasts of the visible photoluminescence that have been observed after electrical poling of the substrate, as singly inverted domains show a slightly reduced and faster decaying luminescence. Subsequent annealing results in an exponential decrease of that domain contrast. We show that this contrast decay is strongly related to the mobility of lithium ions, thus confirming the role of polar defect complexes, including lithium vacancies, for these domain contrasts. Finally we discuss the extension of our investigations to lithium tantalate (LTO) samples. While the results on the domain contrast and its decay are similar to LNO, there are remarkable differences in their luminescence spectra.
Analysis of Chaotic Behavior in a Novel Extended Love Model Considering Positive and Negative External Environment
Authors: Huang Linyun , Bae Youngchul
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to describe a novel extended dynamical love model with the external environments of the love story of Romeo and Juliet. We used the sinusoidal function as external environments as it could represent the positive and negative characteristics of humans. We considered positive and negative advice from a third person. First, we applied the same amount of positive and negative advice. Second, the amount of positive advice was greater than that of negative advice. Third, the amount of positive advice was smaller than that of negative advice in an external environment. To verify the chaotic phenomena in the proposed extended dynamic love affair with external environments, we used time series, phase portraits, power spectrum, Poincare map, bifurcation diagram, and the maximal Lyapunov exponent. With a variation of parameter “a”, we recognized that the novel extended dynamic love affairs with different three situations of external environments had chaotic behaviors. We showed 1, 2, 4 periodic motion, Rössler type attractor, and chaotic attractor when parameter “a” varied under the following conditions: the amount of positive advice = the amount of negative advice, the amount of positive advice > the amount of negative advice, and the amount of positive advice < the amount of negative advice.
Writing, Proofreading and Editing in Information Theory
Authors: Arias-Gonzalez J.  Ricardo
Published: May 2018

Information is a physical entity amenable to be described by an abstract theory. The concepts associated with the creation and post-processing of the information have not, however, been mathematically established, despite being broadly used in many fields of knowledge. Here, inspired by how information is managed in biomolecular systems, we introduce writing, entailing any bit string generation, and revision, as comprising proofreading and editing, in information chains. Our formalism expands the thermodynamic analysis of stochastic chains made up of material subunits to abstract strings of symbols. We introduce a non-Markovian treatment of operational rules over the symbols of the chain that parallels the physical interactions responsible for memory effects in material chains. Our theory underlies any communication system, ranging from human languages and computer science to gene evolution.