bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Frailty Screening At‐Scale for Pre‐Operative Risk Stratification Using the Electronic Frailty Index
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Clark Clancy J. , Edwards Angela F. , Harwood Timothy N. , Williamson Jeff D. , Moses Adam W. , Willard James J. , Cristiano Joseph A. , Meadows Kellice , Hurie Justin , High Kevin P. , Meredith J. Wayne , Pajewski Nicholas M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Frailty is associated with numerous post‐operative adverse outcomes in older adults. Current pre‐operative frailty screening tools require additional data collection or objective assessments, adding expense and limiting large‐scale implementation.

Objective

To evaluate the association of an automated measure of frailty integrated within the Electronic Health Record (EHR) with post‐operative outcomes for nonemergency surgeries.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic Medical Center.

Participants

Patients 65 years or older that underwent nonemergency surgery with an inpatient stay 24 hours or more between October 8th, 2017 and June 1st, 2019.

Exposures

Frailty as measured by a 54‐item electronic frailty index (eFI).

Outcomes and Measurements

Inpatient length of stay, requirements for post‐acute care, 30‐day readmission, and 6‐month all‐cause mortality.

Results

Of 4,831 unique patients (2,281 females (47.3%); mean (SD) age, 73.2 (5.9) years), 4,143 (85.7%) had sufficient EHR data to calculate the eFI, with 15.1% categorized as frail (eFI > 0.21) and 50.9% pre‐frail (0.10 < eFI ≤ 0.21). For all outcomes, there was a generally a gradation of risk with higher eFI scores. For example, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and accounting for variability by service line, patients identified as frail based on the eFI, compared to fit patients, had greater needs for post‐acute care (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36–2.08), higher rates of 30‐day readmission (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.46; 95%CI = 1.72–3.52) and higher all‐cause mortality (HR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.84–4.44) over 6 months' follow‐up.

Conclusions

The eFI, an automated digital marker for frailty integrated within the EHR, can facilitate pre‐operative frailty screening at scale.
Implementing Health Care Quality Measures in Electronic Health Records: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Campbell Claire M. , Murphy Daniel R. , Taffet George E. , Major Anita B. , Ritchie Christine S. , Leff Bruce , Naik Aanand D.
Published: January 2021

Background/Objectives

There is significant literature on the development and validation of quality measures, but comparably less on their implementation into learning health systems. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have made vast amounts of data available for quality improvement purposes. In this paper we describe a conceptual model for EHR implementation of quality measures.

Design

The model involves five steps: (1) select a measure; (2) define measure criteria; (3) validate criteria and measurement process; (4) improve recording of measure‐related activity; and (5) engage quality improvement processes. The model was used to develop and implement a quality measure in the Home‐Based Medical Care (HBMC) setting.

Setting

Harris Health House Call Program (HHHC) provides primary medical and palliative care for homebound patients in Houston.

Participants

Four‐hundred twenty‐four primary care patients followed in the HHHC.

Measurement

Completion rate of the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) within the Electronic Health Record of newly enrolled HHHC patients.

Results

Use of the conceptual model to guide implementation of a quality measure of depression screening in a HMBC practice was successful. Additional components of early leadership and clinician buy‐in were required, as well as strong relationships with IT to ease implementation and limit disruptions in clinicians' work‐flow.

Conclusion

This conceptual model was feasible for guiding implementation of a quality measure for depression care of HBMC patients, and it can guide broader implementation of EHR‐based quality measures in the future.
Promoting Healthy Aging During COVID‐19
Authors: Batsis John A. , Daniel Kathryn , Eckstrom Elizabeth , Goldlist Kady , Kusz Halina , Lane Douglas , Loewenthal Julia , Coll Patrick P. , Friedman Susan M.
Published: January 2021

Older adults have been markedly impacted by the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The American Geriatrics Society previously published a White Paper on Healthy Aging in 2018 that focused on a number of domains that are core to healthy aging in older adults: health promotion, injury prevention, and managing chronic conditions; cognitive health; physical health; mental health; and social health. The potentially devastating consequences of COVID‐19 on health promotion are recognized. The purpose of this article is multifold. First, members of the Healthy Aging Special Interest Group will present the significant difficulties and obstacles faced by older adults during this unprecedented time. Second, we provide guidance to practicing geriatrics healthcare professionals overseeing the care of older adults. We provide a framework for clinical evaluation and screening related to the five aforementioned domains that uniquely impact older adults. Last, we provide strategies that could enhance healthy aging in the era of COVID‐19.
MYB106 is a negative regulator and a substrate for CRL3BPM E3 ligase in regulating flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hong Liu , Niu Fangfang , Lin Youshun , Wang Shuang , Chen Liyuan , Jiang Liwen
Published: January 2021

Flowering time is crucial for successful reproduction in plants, the onset and progression of which are strictly controlled. However, flowering time is a complex and environmentally responsive history trait and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. Post‐translational regulation of the activities of transcription factors (TFs) is a dynamic and essential mechanism for plant growth and development. CRL3BPM E3 ligase is a CULLIN3‐based E3 ligase involved in orchestrating protein stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Our study shows that the mutation of MYB106 induced early flowering phenotype while over‐expression of MYB106 delayed Arabidopsis flowering. Transcriptome analysis of myb106 mutants reveals 257 differentially expressed genes between wild type and myb106‐1 mutants, including Flowering Locus T (FT) which is related to flowering time. Moreover, in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR) assays and dual luciferase assays demonstrate that MYB106 directly binds to the promoter of FT to suppress its expression. Furthermore, we confirm that MYB106 interacts with BPM proteins which are further identified by CRL3BPM E3 ligases as the substrate. Taken together, we have identified MYB106 as a negative regulator in the control of flowering time and a new substrate for CRL3BPM E3 ligases in Arabidopsis.
Quality of life assessment of cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy during initial treatment for advanced ovarian cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Kasumi , Nagao Shoji , Tsu Tomoharu , Matsushima Taeko , Ishido Yoshimi , Narita Moyu , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Nakazawa Hiroshi , Shibutani Takashi , Jimi Tomoatsu , Yano Hiroko , Kitai Miho , Shiozaki Takaya , Matsuoka Kazuko , Yamaguchi Satoshi
Published: January 2021

Aim

Cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is applied to relieve symptoms in patients with malignant ascites. We performed a prospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CART performed on patients with advanced ovarian and peritoneal cancers with massive ascites during the initial treatment.

Methods

From April 2018 to July 2020, CART was performed during the initial treatment of 31 patients with advanced ovarian and peritoneal cancers with cancerous ascites. Patient characteristics and clinical information before and after CART were collected. We performed quality of life assessment using the Japanese version of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI‐J) 24 h before and after CART.

Results

CART was performed 38 times in 24 patients before or during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11 times in 11 patients prior to surgery. Four patients underwent CART before primary surgery and before and/or during chemotherapy. Grade 1–2 fever was observed in 18 of 31 cases (58%), and all were controllable by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. CART did not adversely affect the main treatment, chemotherapy, or surgery. CART significantly improved the MDASI‐J symptom and interference scores within 24 h after the procedure. The symptom and interference scores decreased from 2.4 to 1.8 and from 4.8 to 3.0, respectively.

Conclusions

CART can be safely performed and is useful for symptom relief and improvement of general condition prior to initial surgery and during initial chemotherapy in ovarian and peritoneal cancers. Performing CART at the time of initial treatment may facilitate initiation of the main treatment.
Mathematical Modeling of Thermal Damage Estimate Volumes in MR‐guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy
Authors: Liang Allison S. , Munier Sean M. , Danish Shabbar F.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a minimally invasive procedure that produces real‐time thermal damage estimates (TDEs) of ablation. Currently, MRgLITT software provides limited quantitative parameters for intraoperative monitoring, but orthogonal TDE‐MRI slices can be utilized to mathematically estimate ablation volume. The objective of this study was to model TDE volumes and validate using post‐24 hours MRI ablative volumes.

METHODS

Ablations were performed with the Visualase Laser Ablation System (Medtronic). Using ellipsoidal parameters determined for dual‐TDEs from orthogonal MRI planes, TDE volumes were calculated by two definite integral methods (A and B) implemented in Matlab (MathWorks). Post‐24 hours MRI ablative volumes were measured in OsiriX (Pixmeo) by two‐blinded raters and compared to TDE volumes via paired t‐test and Pearson's correlations.

RESULTS

Twenty‐two ablations for 20 patients with various intracranial pathologies were included. Average TDE volume calculated with method A was 3.44 ± 1.96 cm3 and with method B was 4.83 ± 1.53 cm3. Method A TDE volumes were significantly different than post‐24 hours volumes (P < .001). Method B TDE volumes were not significantly different than post‐24 hours volumes (P = .39) and strongly correlated with each other (r = .85, R2 = .72, P < .0001). A total of eight of 22 (36%) method A versus 17 of 22 (77%) method B TDE volumes were within 25% of the post‐24 hours ablative volume.

CONCLUSION

We present a viable mathematical method integrating dual‐plane TDEs to calculate volumes. Future algorithmic iterations will incorporate additional calculated variables that improve ablative volume estimations.
What Constitutes Good Quality End‐of‐Life Care? Perspectives of People With Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families
Authors: Cithambarm Kumaresan , Duffy Mel , Courtney Eileen
Published: January 2021

Background

Due to increased life expectancy, just as with the general population, people with intellectual disabilities are experiencing, and dying from, chronic and life‐limiting conditions. This has led to an increase in the need for end‐of‐life care for people with intellectual disabilities. However, there is limited evidence as to what constitutes good end‐of‐life care from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities and their family members.

Methods

The study reported here aimed to find out the care needs of people with intellectual disabilities at the end of life in Ireland. A grounded theory approach was employed to explore the perspectives of the participants. After obtaining appropriate ethical approval, 19 semi‐structured individual interviews were carried out with 11 people with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities and eight family members to collect data which was subsequently analyzed through constant comparative analysis.

Results

The views of the participants suggested that providing personal care while vulnerable and dying, being with and communicating with the dying person, and meeting their spiritual needs, were considered as being essential at the end of life for people with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusion

The findings from this study have shown that people with intellectual disabilities can engage with those around them and demonstrate how they would like to be cared for, and discuss what would be considered as being good care at the end of life.
Language‐Focused Interventions on Math Performance for English Learners: A Selective Meta‐Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Arizmendi Genesis D. , Li Jui‐Teng , Van Horn M. Lee , Petcu Stefania D. , Swanson H. Lee
Published: January 2021

This meta‐analysis synthesized research on math performance outcomes for English learners (EL) as a function of language‐focused (math vocabulary) interventions. We included group and single‐subject design studies with children from kindergarten to 8th grade (3,766 students for group, 30 for single‐subject). Group studies yielded a mean Hedges’ g of 0.26 in favor of the interventions relative to the control conditions, whereas single‐subject studies yielded a mean Percentage of Non‐Overlapping Data of 81.01% and Phi coefficient of .66 relative to baseline. Although group studies yielded small effect sizes (ESs), we found significant moderators for grade level, intervention focus, and length of intervention. Single‐subject studies yielded higher ESs than group studies, and were considered generally effective, with a high ES. This finding was attributed to a direct focus on children with math difficulties and one‐to‐one instruction. The implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Study of Bursa L6 ordinary chondrite by X‐ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Maksimova Alevtina A. , Petrova Evgeniya V. , Chukin Andrey V. , Unsalan Ozan , Szabó Ábel , Dankházi Zoltán , Felner Israel , Zamyatin Dmitry A. , Kuzmann Ernő , Homonnay Zoltán , Oshtrakh Michael I.
Published: January 2021

We report the results of the complex study of the bulk interior of Bursa L6 ordinary chondrite using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The main and minor iron‐bearing phases and their chemical compositions were determined by these techniques. The detected iron‐bearing phases in the bulk interior of Bursa L6 are the following: olivine; orthopyroxene; Ca‐rich clinopyroxene; troilite; chromite; hercynite; ilmenite; the α2‐Fe(Ni, Co), α‐Fe(Ni, Co), and γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phases; and ferrihydrite resulting from meteorite terrestrial weathering. Using the EMPA, the values of fayalite and ferrosilite were obtained as ~25.2% and ~21.4%, respectively. The unit cell parameters for silicate crystals were determined from XRD, then the Fe2+ and Mg2+ occupations of the M1 and M2 sites in these crystals were estimated. Further calculations of the ratios of the Fe2+ occupancies in the M1 and M2 sites in olivine and orthopyroxene based on XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy appeared to be in a good agreement. The temperatures of equilibrium cation distributions for olivine and orthopyroxene obtained from these techniques are consistent: 623 K (XRD) and 625 K (Mössbauer spectroscopy) for olivine and 1138 K (XRD) and 1122 K (Mössbauer spectroscopy) for orthopyroxene.
A Francisella tularensis L,D‐carboxypeptidase plays important roles in cell morphology, envelope integrity, and virulence
Authors: Zellner Briana , Mengin‐Lecreulx Dominique , Tully Brenden , Gunning William T. , Booth Robert , Huntley Jason F.
Published: January 2021

Francisella tularensis is a Gram‐negative, intracellular bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. Intracellular pathogens, including F. tularensis, have evolved mechanisms to survive in the harsh environment of macrophages and neutrophils, where they are exposed to cell envelope‐damaging molecules. The bacterial cell wall, primarily composed of peptidoglycan (PG), maintains cell morphology, structure, and membrane integrity. Intracellular Gram‐negative bacteria protect themselves from macrophage and neutrophil killing by recycling and repairing damaged PG––a process that involves over 50 different PG synthesis and recycling enzymes. Here, we identified a PG recycling enzyme, L,D‐carboxypeptidase A (LdcA), of F. tularensis that is responsible for converting PG tetrapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Unlike E. coli LdcA and most other orthologs, F. tularensis LdcA does not localize to the cytoplasm and also exhibits L,D‐endopeptidase activity, converting PG pentapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Loss of F. tularensis LdcA led to altered cell morphology and membrane integrity, as well as attenuation in a mouse pulmonary infection model and in primary and immortalized macrophages. Finally, an F. tularensis ldcA mutant protected mice against virulent Type A F. tularensis SchuS4 pulmonary challenge.
NIN is essential for development of symbiosomes, suppression of defence and premature senescence in Medicago truncatula nodules
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Rasing Menno , Zeng Tian , Klein Joël , Kulikova Olga , Bisseling Ton
Published: January 2021

NIN (NODULE INCEPTION) is a transcription factor that plays a key role during root nodule initiation. However, its role in later nodule developmental stages is unclear.

Both NIN mRNA and protein accumulated at the highest level in the proximal part of the infection zone in Medicago truncatula nodules. Two nin weak allele mutants, nin‐13/16, form a rather normal nodule infection zone, whereas a fixation zone is not formed. Instead, a zone with defence responses and premature senescence occurred and symbiosome development gets arrested.

Mutations in nin‐13/16 resulted in a truncated NIN lacking the conserved PB1 domain. However, this did not cause the nodule phenotype as nin mutants expressing NINΔPB1 formed wild‐type‐like nodule. The phenotype is likely to be caused by reduced NIN mRNA levels in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome analyses of nin‐16 nodules showed that expression levels of defence/senescence‐related genes are markedly increased, whereas the levels of defence suppressing genes are reduced. Although defence/senescence seems well suppressed in the infection zone, the transcriptome is already markedly changed in the proximal part of infection zone.

In addition to its function in infection and nodule organogenesis, NIN also plays a major role at the transition from infection to fixation zone in establishing a functional symbiosis.
A mis‐regulated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel mediates cytosolic calcium elevation and activates immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Tang Yinhua , Wang Junli , Zeng Yanhong , Sun Hequan , Zheng Zichao , Su Rong , Schneeberger Korbinian , Parker Jane E. , Cui Haitao
Published: January 2021

Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger for plant cell surface and intracellular receptors mediating pattern‐triggered and effector‐triggered immunity (respectively, PTI and ETI). Several CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE‐GATED CHANNELS (CNGCs) were shown to control transient cytosolic Ca2+ influx upon PTI activation. The contributions of specific CNGC members to PTI and ETI remain unclear.

ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBLITY1 (EDS1) regulates ETI signaling. In an Arabidopsis genetic screen for suppressors of eds1, we identify a recessive gain‐of‐function mutation in CNGC20, denoted cngc20‐4, which partially restores disease resistance in eds1.

cngc20‐4 enhances PTI responses and ETI hypersensitive cell death. A cngc20‐4 single mutant exhibits autoimmunity, which is dependent on genetically parallel EDS1 and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. CNGC20 self‐associates, forms heteromeric complexes with CNGC19, and is phosphorylated and stabilized by BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1). The cngc20‐4 L371F exchange on a predicted transmembrane channel inward surface does not disrupt these interactions but leads to increased cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, consistent with mis‐regulation of CNGC20 Ca2+‐permeable channel activity.

Our data show that ectopic Ca2+ influx caused by a mutant form of CNGC20 in cngc20‐4 affects both PTI and ETI responses. We conclude that tight control of the CNGC20 Ca2+ ion channel is important for regulated immunity.
Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update
Authors: Kayser Bengt , Verges Samuel
Published: January 2021

Because of the enduring rise in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, there is continued interest in hypoxia as a mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities and as a potential therapeutic adjunct for the management of the disease. Lifelong exposure to altitude is accompanied by a lower risk for obesity, whereas altitude sojourns are generally associated with a loss of body mass. A negative energy balance upon exposure to hypoxia can be due to a combination of changes in determinants of energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate and physical activity energy expenditure) and energy intake (appetite). Over the past 15 years, the potential therapeutic interest of hypobaric or normobaric hypoxic exposure in individuals with obesity—to lower body mass and improve health status—has become an active field of research. Various protocols have been implemented, using actual altitude sojourns or intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposures, at rest or in association with physical activity. Although several studies suggest benefits on body mass and cardiovascular and metabolic variables, further investigations are required before recommending hypoxic exposure in obesity management programs. Future studies should also better clarify the effects of hypoxia on appetite, the intestinal microbiota, and finally on overall energy balance.
Registered nurses’ reflections on their educational preparation to work with older people
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Kalogirou Maya R. , Swoboda Nicholas L.
Published: January 2021

Background

Negative perceptions about working with older people within nursing contribute to the deficit of educators with expertise to teach student nurses, and nurses graduating ill‐equipped to work with the ageing population. The perceptions of nurses who have recently graduated from a nursing programme can provide insights into what they wished they knew about working with older people before they graduated.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study design examined recently graduated registered nurses’ reflections on their education preparation to work with older people. Content and thematic analysis was used to develop the themes of first impressions and preparation to work with older people.

Results

Key findings were that nurses did not recognise the importance of learning about older people until they had graduated. Only then did they realise that the ageing population was so complex and prevalent. They perceived a lack of education particularly related to working with older people with dementia and their behaviours, as well as learning how to communicate to an older population. Participants perceived that as students, it was up to them to fit in learning about working with older people without the support of faculty.

Conclusions

Faculty need to be supported in learning how to best incorporate content about older people into their curriculum. This could include the development of learning activities that dispel negative stereotypes about ageing and facilitates interest in older people, as this is the population, students are most likely to work with when they graduate.

Implications for practice

Nurses in practice may require education on working with people with dementia as it is a deficit in nursing programmes.
Extreme Exposure to Filtered Far‐UVC: A Case Study†
Authors: Eadie Ewan , Barnard Isla M. R. , Ibbotson Sally H. , Wood Kenneth
Published: January 2021

Far‐UVC devices are being commercially sold as “safe for humans” for the inactivation of SARS‐CoV‐2, without supporting human safety data. We felt there was a need for rapid proof‐of‐concept human self‐exposure, to inform future controlled research and promote informed discussion. A Fitzpatrick Skin Type II individual exposed their inner forearms to large radiant exposures from a filtered Krypton‐Chloride (KrCl) far‐UVC system (SafeZoneUVC, Ushio Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with peak emission at 222 nm. No visible skin changes were observed at 1500 mJ cm−2; whereas, skin yellowing that appeared immediately and resolved within 24 h occurred with a 6000 mJ cm−2 exposure. No erythema was observed at any time point with exposures up to 18 000 mJ cm−2. These results combined with Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer computer modeling suggest that filtering longer ultraviolet wavelengths is critical for the human skin safety of far‐UVC devices. This work also contributes to growing arguments for the exploration of exposure limit expansion, which would subsequently enable faster inactivation of viruses.
Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid‐induced pellagra
Authors: Prabhu Dhanashree , Dawe Robert S. , Mponda Kelvin
Published: January 2021

Pellagra is a clinical syndrome caused by a deficiency of niacin (nicotinic acid) and/or its precursor tryptophan. The cardinal manifestations are 4 D’s: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and in worst case death. Increased use of isoniazid prophylaxis along with antiretroviral therapy in countries where latent tuberculosis is common has been associated with increased presentations with pellagra.
Floral and pollination characteristics of Eriocaulon heleocharioides, an extinct species in the wild, for evidence‐based conservation management
Authors: Horiuchi Y. , Kamijo T. , Tanaka N.
Published: January 2021

Generally, floral characteristics and pollination are important factors enhancing the quality and quantity of reproductive output for regeneration in plant conservation. However, lack of evidence‐based management could decrease fitness under ex‐situ conservation. We investigated the capitulum and pollination characteristics of Eriocaulon heleocharioides Satake (Eriocaulaceae), which is extinct in the wild, to develop an evidence‐based conservation management plan incorporating previously ignored reproductive characteristics.

To evaluate the functional characteristics of capitula, pollen–ovule ratio, and reproductive status (maximum pollination success/florivory damage) were investigated along six flowering sequences of capitulum. To evaluate the effect of plant density on pollen transfer, high‐ and low‐density plots were established. Total deposited pollen on stigma, insect visitation, and visit duration per capitulum were observed.

A significantly lower pollen–ovule ratio was observed in the first of six capitula, reflecting higher female functionality. The highest pollination success was found in the second–fourth capitula, whereas florivory increased along the terminal capitula position. High plant density affected the pollen deposited on stigmas via insect visitation and low pollinator visit duration.

Different capitula in E. heleocharioides could have different effects: different sexual functionality, enhancement of reproductive output both in quality and quantity through active pollen transfer, and escaping from florivores. High plant density could facilitate outcross‐pollen transfer in E. heleocharioides. Multiple perspectives are important for determining potential reproductive success in ex‐situ conservation. Thus, density management reflecting capitulum characteristics could improve the efficiency of conservation efforts for E. heleocharioides.
A 12‐point checklist for surveillance of diseases of aquatic organisms: a novel approach to assist multidisciplinary teams in developing countries
Authors: Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Fejzic Nihad , MacKinnon Brett , Huchzermeyer David , Seric‐Haracic Sabina , Mardones Fernando O. , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Taylor Nick , Jansen Mona Dverdal , Tavornpanich Saraya , Hao Bin , Huang Jie , Leaño Eduardo M. , Li Qing , Liang Yan , Dall’occo Andrea
Published: January 2021

A 12‐point checklist in the design and practical application of active surveillance of diseases in aquatic organisms (farmed and wild) has been developed to serve as a methodological approach and guidance for a multidisciplinary team particularly in countries where surveillance expertise is limited. The checklist is based on a review of available main aquatic surveillance references and scientific literature and was further developed based on the outcomes of several aquaculture biosecurity project‐related workshops hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The checklist includes the following: (1) scenario setting; (2) defining surveillance objective; (3) defining the populations; (4) disease clustering; (5) case definition; (6) diagnostic testing; (7) study design and sampling; (8) data collection and management; (9) data analysis; (10) validation and quality assurance; (11) human and financial resources and logistics requirements; and (12) surveillance in the bigger picture. For a multidisciplinary approach to disease control, knowledge of fish biology, aquaculture systems and many aspects of aquaculture health management are required. Surveillance needs significant financial investment and must be supported by adequate diagnostic capability, information system management, legal framework and communication networks, with transparent reporting mechanisms to allow rapid disease response for serious diseases of aquatic organisms. It is a stepwise and pragmatic approach that offers a good starting point for addressing disease issues especially in developing countries. It can be used as a model to build targeted surveillance competency and a basic reference when implementing a surveillance programme or improving existing programmes.
An Automated Edge Computing-Based Condition Health Monitoring System: With an Application on Rolling Element Bearings
Authors: Tritschler Niklas , Dugenske Andrew , Kurfess Thomas
Published: January 2021

A failure of rolling element bearings is a frequent cause of machine breakdowns and results in a production loss due to the sudden failure. A regular condition health monitoring and an associated detection of bearing defects in the early stages can be used to predict such sudden failures. To monitor the bearing's condition, the generated vibration signature can be analyzed, since rotating machines have, in most instances, a unique vibration signature that relates to their health status. Presently, bearing analysis of many machines results in significant cost and complexity due to a large amount of vibration data that must be analyzed. A condition health monitoring system (CMS) was developed to automate and simplify the whole process from the vibration measurement to the analysis results. Additionally, the CMS is embedded into an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. Thereby, a location-independent control of the CMS, the vibration data, and the analysis results is possible. The embedding of sensors can cause communication problems from the sensor to the cloud due to the low bandwidth of sensors and the amount of data that must be transmitted. To overcome this issue, an edge device that acts as a gateway between the vibration sensor and the cloud is the core of the CMS. It measures the vibration signal locally, analyzes it automatically, and publishes a feedback as to the bearing condition to the cloud.
“A Really Strong Bond”: Coaches in Women Athletes’ Experiences of Inclusion in Parasport
Authors: Ferguson Jessica J. , Spencer Nancy L.I.
Published: January 2021

Women within parasport experience discrimination due to marginalization associated with gender and disability. In this study, the authors gain the insights of women parasport athletes about the affordances and constraints to inclusion with an emphasis on the role of coaches, using an ecological approach. Guided by qualitative description, the authors conducted individual and focus group interviews with ten women experiencing disability to explore their experiences and perspectives of inclusion in parasport. Two primary themes were identified: (a) within parasport and (b) beyond parasport, emphasizing the critical role of relationships with coaches and athletes to experiences of inclusion. The discussion highlights the multilevel influences and specific barriers that challenge inclusion, such as few numbers of women athletes, the need for coach expertise, and co-ed playing environments. In doing so, the authors also offer specific recommendations for coaching in women’s parasport.
Translation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to Maltese and Reliability Testing
Authors: Spiteri Karl , Grafton Kate , Xerri de Caro John , Broom David
Published: January 2021

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a widely used self-reported physical activity (PA) measure developed to allow for international cross-country comparisons. Due to its unavailability, the aim of this study was to translate the IPAQ-long to Maltese and undertake reliability testing. The IPAQ-long English version was translated into Maltese following the IPAQ guidelines, which included backwards translation. Maltese-speaking participants, aged between 18 and 69 years, were recruited through convenience sampling (n = 170). Participants completed the IPAQ-long twice within an 8- to 48-hr period. PA was calculated in MET minutes per week, and reliability was calculated using the Spearman correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, concordance correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots. A total of 155 participants completed the questionnaire at two time points. Spearman correlation was .83 (.76–.88) for total PA and .84 (.77–.89) for total sitting time. The intraclass correlation coefficient was .83 (.76–.88) and the concordance correlation coefficient was .75–.87 for total PA. The lowest reliability was for total transport, with a concordance correlation coefficient of .21−.45. Bland–Altman plots highlight that 95% of the differences fell within 2 SDs from the mean. Since the Maltese IPAQ-long has similar reliability to the English version, the authors recommend that health care professionals and PA practitioners use this tool when examining population-level PA among Maltese-speaking individuals.
Diamond formation in an electric field under deep Earth conditions
Authors: Palyanov Yuri N. , Borzdov Yuri M. , Sokol Alexander G. , Bataleva Yuliya V. , Kupriyanov Igor N. , Reutsky Vadim N. , Wiedenbeck Michael , Sobolev Nikolay V.
Published: January 2021

Localized electric fields induce diamond crystallization from carbonates underP-Tconditions of Earth’s mantle.
A deep sleep stage in
Drosophila
with a functional role in waste clearance
Authors: van Alphen Bart , Semenza Evan R. , Yap Melvyn , van Swinderen Bruno , Allada Ravi
Published: January 2021

Proboscis extension–mediated waste clearance during deep sleep in Drosophila reveals a conserved primordial function of sleep.
Safe harbor-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 homology-independent targeted integration for multimodality reporter gene-based cell tracking
Authors: Kelly John J. , Saee-Marand Moe , Nyström Nivin N. , Evans Melissa M. , Chen Yuanxin , Martinez Francisco M. , Hamilton Amanda M. , Ronald John A.
Published: January 2021

A CRISPR-based system enables safer multimodal in vivo reporter gene cell tracking.
Ultralow magnetic damping of a common metallic ferromagnetic film
Authors: Wei Yanping , Zhang Wenjing , Lv Bing , Xu Xia , Xi Shibo , Ma Zijun
Published: January 2021

FeAl will offer a wide range of materials for spintronics applications that demand low-loss, low-damping ferromagnets.
Laser vibrational excitation of radicals to prevent crystallinity degradation caused by boron doping in diamond
Authors: Fan L. , Constantin L. , Wu Z. P. , McElveen K. A. , Chen X. G. , He T. , Wang F. , Debiemme-Chouvy C. , Cui B. , Lai R. Y. , Li X. , Silvain J. F. , Lu Y. F.
Published: January 2021

An active, “microscopic,” laser-enabled control of energy coupling channel produces highly conductive and crystalline diamond.
Trabecular bone organoid model for studying the regulation of localized bone remodeling
Authors: Park Yongkuk , Cheong Eugene , Kwak Jun-Goo , Carpenter Ryan , Shim Jae-Hyuck , Lee Jungwoo
Published: January 2021

A tissue-engineered model of the trabecular bone microenvironment elucidates spatiotemporal aspects of bone remodeling processes.
Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain
Authors: Saag Lehti , Vasilyev Sergey V. , Varul Liivi , Kosorukova Natalia V. , Gerasimov Dmitri V. , Oshibkina Svetlana V. , Griffith Samuel J. , Solnik Anu , Saag Lauri , D’Atanasio Eugenia , Metspalu Ene , Reidla Maere , Rootsi Siiri , Kivisild Toomas , Scheib Christiana Lyn , Tambets Kristiina , Kriiska Aivar , Metspalu Mait
Published: January 2021

aDNA reveals Eastern hunter-gatherers in NW Russia after Ice Age, Steppe and farmer ancestries in first forest pastoralists.
Axodendritic versus axosomatic cochlear efferent termination is determined by afferent type in a hierarchical logic of circuit formation
Authors: Webber Jemma L. , Clancy John C. , Zhou Yingjie , Yraola Natalia , Homma Kazuaki , García-Añoveros Jaime
Published: January 2021

A hierarchical sequence reveals how four types of neuron connecting ear and brain assemble into a circuit for hearing.
Haploid induction by a maize
cenh3
null mutant
Authors: Wang Na , Gent Jonathan I. , Dawe R. Kelly
Published: January 2021

Maize plants heterozygous for a mutation in a key centromere protein induce haploid progeny when crossed.
Discovery of multivalley Fermi surface responsible for the high thermoelectric performance in Yb
14
MnSb
11
and Yb
14
MgSb
11
Authors: Perez Christopher J. , Wood Maxwell , Ricci Francesco , Yu Guodong , Vo Trinh , Bux Sabah K. , Hautier Geoffroy , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: January 2021

A multivalley Fermi surface in a multiband electronic structure leads to unconventional trends in electronic properties.
A controllable dual-catapult system inspired by the biomechanics of the dragonfly larvae’s predatory strike
Authors: Büsse Sebastian , Koehnsen Alexander , Rajabi Hamed , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: January 2021

The independently loaded synchronized dual-catapult system of dragonfly larvae can serve as a model for bioinspired robotics.
How could robotics help establish a new norm after COVID-19?
Authors: Yang Guang-Zhong
Published: January 2021

In a time of upheaval, robotics has an opportunity to offer long-term solutions and radical change.
Does protein aggregation drive postmitotic tissue degeneration?
Authors: Kelly Jeffery W.
Published: January 2021

Pharmacological evidence from clinical trials demonstrates that protein aggregation drives tissue degeneration in systemic amyloid diseases.
Small-molecule screen reveals synergy of cell cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors with DNA-damaging chemotherapies in medulloblastoma
Authors: Endersby Raelene , Whitehouse Jacqueline , Pribnow Allison , Kuchibhotla Mani , Hii Hilary , Carline Brooke , Gande Suresh , Stripay Jennifer , Ancliffe Mathew , Howlett Meegan , Schoep Tobias , George Courtney , Andradas Clara , Dyer Patrick , Schluck Marjolein , Patterson Brett , Tacheva-Gigorova Silvia K. , Cooper Matthew N. , Robinson Giles , Stewart Clinton , Pfister Stefan M. , Kool Marcel , Milde Till , Gajjar Amar , Johns Terrance , Wechsler-Reya Robert J. , Roussel Martine F. , Gottardo Nicholas G.
Published: January 2021

The CHK1/2 inhibitor LY2606368 (prexasertib) sensitizes high-risk medulloblastoma to chemotherapy and improves survival in multiple in vivo models.
Diet-induced obesity promotes infection by impairment of the innate antimicrobial defense function of dermal adipocyte progenitors
Authors: Zhang Ling-juan , Guerrero-Juarez Christian F. , Chen Stella X. , Zhang Xiaowei , Yin Meimei , Li Fengwu , Wu Shuai , Chen Joyce , Li Min , Liu Yingzi , Jiang Shang I. B. , Hata Tissa , Plikus Maksim V. , Gallo Richard L.
Published: January 2021

Mature adipocytes that accumulate during obesity inhibit host defense against infection by feedback suppression of dermal adipocyte progenitors.
ACE2 abrogates tumor resistance to VEGFR inhibitors suggesting angiotensin-(1-7) as a therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Khanna Prateek , Soh Hong Jie , Chen Chun-Hau , Saxena Ruchi , Amin Seema , Naughton Maura , Joslin Patrick Neset , Moore Andrew , Bakouny Ziad , O’Callaghan Carol , Catalano Paul , Signoretti Sabina , McKay Rana , Choueiri Toni K. , Bhasin Manoj , Walther Thomas , Bhatt Rupal S.
Published: January 2021

ACE2 is protective against renal cancer, and its down-modulation by inhibitors of VEGF receptor signaling may mediate resistance to such inhibitors.
Unconventional interleukin-1β release suppresses antitumor immunity
Authors: Van den Bossche Jan
Published: January 2021

Inflammasome-independent release of IL-1β in the tumor microenvironment recruits T cell–suppressive neutrophils that support cancer progression.
Semimechanistic Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Piperaquine in a Volunteer Infection Study with Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Malaria
Authors: Wattanakul Thanaporn , Baker Mark , Mohrle Joerg , McWhinney Brett , Hoglund Richard M. , McCarthy James S. , Tarning Joel
Published: January 2021

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is a recommended first-line artemisinin combination therapy for
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria. Piperaquine is also under consideration for other antimalarial combination therapies.
Deletion of
pknG
Abates Reactivation of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice
Authors: Khan Mehak Zahoor , Nandicoori Vinay Kumar
Published: January 2021

Eradication of tuberculosis (TB), caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
), has been a challenge due to its uncanny ability to survive in a dormant state inside host granulomas for decades.
Mtb
rewires its metabolic and redox regulatory networks to survive in the hostile hypoxic and nutrient-limiting environment, facilitating the formation of drug-tolerant persisters. Previously, we showed that protein kinase G (PknG), a virulence factor required for lysosomal escape, aids in metabolic adaptation, thereby promoting the survival of nonreplicating mycobacteria.
Synergistic Rifabutin and Colistin Reduce Emergence of Resistance When Treating Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Cheng Jiaqi , Yan Jun , Reyna Zeferino , Slarve Matt , Lu Peggy , Spellberg Brad , Luna Brian
Published: January 2021

Recently, we reported rifabutin hyperactivity against
Acinetobacter baumannii
. We sought to characterize potential interactions between rifabutin and colistin, the last-resort drug for carbapenem-resistant infections. Rifabutin and colistin were synergistic
in vitro
and
in vivo
, and low-dose colistin significantly suppressed emergence of resistance to rifabutin. Thus, this combination is a promising therapeutic option for highly resistant
A. baumannii
infections.
Dose Fractionation of Moxifloxacin for Treatment of Tuberculosis: Impact of Dosing Interval and Elimination Half-Life on Microbial Kill and Resistance Suppression
Authors: Drusano G. L. , Rogers Stephanie , Brown David , Peloquin C. A. , Neely Michael , Yamada Walter , Kim Sarah , Almoslem Mohammed , Schmidt Stephan , Louie Arnold
Published: January 2021

The repurposed agent moxifloxacin has become an important addition to the physician’s armamentarium for the therapy of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. When a drug is administered, we need to have metrics for success. As for most antimicrobial chemotherapy, we contend that for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
therapy, these metrics should be a decline in the susceptible bacterial burden and the suppression of amplification of less-susceptible populations.
The Impact of Quorum Sensing on the Modulation of Phage-Host Interactions
Authors: León-Félix Josefina , Villicaña Claudia
Published: January 2021

Bacteriophages are the most diverse and abundant biological entities on the Earth and require host bacteria to replicate. Because of this obligate relationship, in addition to the challenging conditions of surrounding environments, phages must integrate information about extrinsic and intrinsic factors when infecting their hosts.
Evaluating the Rapid Emergence of Daptomycin Resistance in
Corynebacterium
: a Multicenter Study
Authors: Mitchell Kaitlin F. , McElvania Erin , Wallace Meghan A. , Droske Lauren E. , Robertson Amy E. , Westblade Lars F. , Burnham Carey-Ann D.
Published: January 2021

Members of the genus
Corynebacterium
are increasingly recognized as pathobionts and can be very resistant to antimicrobial agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that
Corynebacterium striatum
can rapidly develop high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) (MIC, ≥256 μg/ml).
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis HX7, a Psychrotolerant Soil-Derived Oil Degrader
Authors: Novikov Andrey D. , Lavrov Konstantin V. , Kasianov Artem S. , Korzhenkov Aleksei A. , Gubanova Tatyana A. , Yanenko Alexander S.
Published: January 2021

We describe here a 6.6-Mb draft genome sequence of
Rhodococcus erythropolis
strain HX7, which was obtained from soil samples collected from the northern Arkhangelsk region in the Russian Federation. This genomic resource will support further study of mechanisms of cold-resistant oil degradation in soil and potentially aid in soil bioremediation in cold oil-producing regions.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Microbacterium
Bacteriophage Erla
Authors: Milhaven Mark , Hastings Erin , Brister Danielle , Cevallos Leo , Chilukuri Sriya , Diyya Arshia , Garg Aman , Hernandez Rosaura , Kelly Daniel , Lazo Karina , Le Jennifer , Maag Garett , Marfatia Palak D. , Mehta Rithik , Nejad Aram , Porche Jade , Queiroz Alexander , Sackett Daniel , Santos Molina Pablo , Slade Taylor , So Minerva , Thakur Karan , Urquidez Negrete Angelica , Wackett Sage , Weiss Sarah , McCarthy Liam , Wheaton Keith , Rudner Adam D. , McCutcheon John P. , Pfeifer Susanne P.
Published: January 2021

We characterized the complete genome sequence of
Siphoviridae
bacteriophage Erla, an obligatory lytic subcluster EA1 bacteriophage infecting
Microbacterium foliorum
NRRL B-24224, with a capsid width of 65 nm and a tail length of 112 nm. The 41.5-kb genome, encompassing 62 predicted protein-coding genes, is highly similar (99.52% identity) to that of bacteriophage Calix.