bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O DISCURSO DO “PROTAGONISMO JUVENIL” NA BNCCEM: DESLOCAMENTOS E MOVIMENTO DE SENTIDOS
Authors: Seba Adilson Vilasboas , Bressanin Joelma Aparecida
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como o discurso do protagonismo juvenil inserido nos textos da BNCCEM se correlaciona com os discursos de viés empresarial direcionado aos jovens pela ONU/UNESCO desde 1965, atribuindo ao jovem o papel de ser o principal agente de uma ação, um ator social. Nesse sentido, queremos refletir como essa proposta aparece em nossa Política Educacional de Ensino, não historicamente, mas constitutivamente consubstanciada de termos como, proatividade, sujeito autônomo e líder, pois tais expressões coadunam diretamente com o mercado de trabalho. Assim, vamos descrever sob a ótica da Análise de Discurso Pecheutiana os deslocamentos e movimentos de sentidos que mobilizam o Sujeito, a Ideologia e o Simbólico.
REFLEXÕES DE ORDEM SOCIOLINGUÍSTICA: RELAÇÕES ENTRE A ALFABETIZAÇÃO E O SISTEMA FONOLÓGICO E O SISTEMA ORTOGRÁFICO. VARIAÇÃO E MUDANÇA
Authors: Vitorino César Costa , Souza Constância Maria Borges de , Silva Cristina Barreto Santos da
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho, pretende-se, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, apresentar algumas considerações sobre o processo de Alfabetização, seus principais representantes e propostas para alfabetizar tanto crianças quanto adultos. Destaca-se a relação entre Sociolinguística e Alfabetização, observando a necessidade de mostrar a diferença da língua falada para língua escrita, do sistema fonológico para sistema ortográfico, objetivando sucesso na aplicação das estratégias selecionadas, uma vez que o objetivo principal é habilitar os falantes no uso das variedades linguísticas e usá-las adequadamente tanto na modalidade oral quanto na escrita. Reforça-se a ideia de que as línguas só existem através de seus usuários (o povo) e a história desse povo determina a história dessa língua, na identidade dessa comunidade linguística. À luz da Sociolinguística Variacionista são apresentados e comentados os resultados de pesquisa com trinta informantes (F I - 7 a 14 anos; F II -  15 a 25 anos; F III -  26 a 35 anos) em  uma comunidade rural baiana para evidenciar a ocorrência dos fenômenos linguísticos: semivocalização da consoante lateral palatal /ʎ/; rotacismo nos grupos consonantais; monotongação de /ey/ e /ow/; síncope nas palavras proparoxítonas e semivocalização do /l/ em posição final de sílaba que podem ajudar no entendimento das relações entre o sistema fonológico e o sistema ortográfico de alfabetização inicial. Apresentam-se principais características dos comportamentos da fala relacionados aos níveis: sintático-semântico, lexical e sintático. Ressalta-se que a proposta de isomorfia parcial entre a fala e a escrita traz implicações pedagógicas para a alfabetização. Esclarece a respeito das principais características da escrita ideográfica, escrita fonográfica, escrita silábica, escrita consonantal, escrita fonética e escrita alfabética ortográfica. Por fim, enfatiza-se que, à medida que se faz o estudo sincrônico da língua, o pesquisador constata que as variações são permitidas pelas regras subjacentes à estrutura/sistema linguístico, que funciona como salvaguarda da manutenção da língua.
REFLEXÕES DO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Rodrigues Samuel Lukas Dias
Published: July 2021

Introdução: No dia 11 de março de 2020, foi declarado pela O.M.S. ( Organização Mundial de Saúde ) a pandemia de Covid-19.Tal medida, significou implementação do distanciamento social, que em síntese determina evitar circulação de pessoas em espaços púbicos ou privados. Portanto, a SEDUC (Secretaria de Estado de Educação Desporto) do estado do Amazonas, suspendeu as aulas presenciais no dia 17 de março de 2020. Diante desse contexto, a realização de estudos remotos tornou-se inevitável. Entender como ocorreu tal mudança é de fundamental interesse para o desenvolvimento da educação. Objetivo: O principal objetivo do presente texto, constitui-se em apresentar os desafios e as potencialidades do ensino de Geografia em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Materiais e Métodos: A realização deste resumo aconteceu através das observações ocorridas no Estágio Supervisionado II de Geografia, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas em parceria com a Seduc-AM. O estabelecimento de ensino foi o Centro Educacional de Tempo Integral Gilberto Mestrinho na cidade de Manaus-AM. Foi organizado em duas etapas: na primeira, descreve-se as metodologias e os recursos tecnológicos utilizados nas aulas; na segunda, refletimos sobre os desafios e as potencialidades que se apresentaram no período. Resultados: Durante o período observado entre 28 de setembro até 30 de novembro de 2020, foram observadas diversas atividades, desde atividades a distância via televisão ou encontros via WhatsApp, até encontros presenciais em salas de aulas. A falta de conhecimento em informática básica dificultou muito o processo de aprendizagem, portanto, uma lição a ser debatida futuramente é o desenvolvimento dessas habilidades a estudantes. O acesso à internet e a televisão demonstraram ser de difícil alcance pelos estudantes. Embora inúmeros esforços de agentes públicos, professores e pais muitos alunos abandonaram a escola. Conclusão: A aprendizagem envolve diversos fatores, entre eles familiar e econômico, fatores econômicos influenciaram de forma significativa o acompanhamento escolar por parte dos alunos. Portanto, se havia um receio da educação a distância no Brasil, a pandemia de Covid-19 confirmou a complexidade da sua utilização em um país tão desigual.
Information processing for Similar Source code using LSH Algorithm
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India., Vani Dave Mrs. , Kumar shukla Mr Sanjeev ,   Department of Computer Applications, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
Published: July 2021

In this study, we propose a method to quickly search for similar source files for a given source file as a method to examine the origin of reused code. By outputting not only the same contents but also similar contents, it corresponds to the source file that has been changed during reuse. In addition, locality-sensitive hashing is used to search from a large number of source files, enabling fast search. By this method, it is possible to know the origin of the reused code. A case study was conducted on a library that is being reused written in C language. Some of the changes were unique to the project, and some were no longer consistent with the source files. As a result, it was possible to detect the source files that were reused from among the 200 projects with 92% accuracy. In addition, when we measured the execution time of the search using 4 files, the search was completed within 1 second for each file.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR E JUVENTUDES: uma relação a partir do Grafite
Authors: BOTLER Alice Happ , MOURA Renata Paula dos Santos
Published: July 2021

Este estudo apresenta recorte de pesquisa[1] em que se analisou como a gestão escolar dialoga com as ações de um jovem grafiteiro. A pesquisa qualitativa e de inspiração etnográfica realizou um estudo de caso em uma escola pública que introduziu oficinas de grafite, utilizando este espaço como relação de produção e de transmissão de saberes. Apresenta-se a possibilidade de “outras” relações construídas entre as juventudes e a gestão escolar, o que contribui para um melhor entrosamento entre escola e sociedade. [1] Pesquisa financiada pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) no âmbito do mestrado acadêmico em Educação na UFPE.
BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC): implicações da municipalização e descentralização nos municípios
Authors: Nascimento Jessica Santos do
Published: July 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi tecer os limites e possibilidades acerca da BNCC pelo viés da municipalização e descentralização, em quanto texto da lei. Nossa inquietação partiu nessa conjuntura atual de entender o viés possível à municipalização e descentralização da BNCC, sabendo-se de sua congruência com os princípios de mercado. Utilizamos análises dos estudos de pesquisadores da área da política educacional. Os resultados mostraram que a concepção, passando pela avaliação até a construção dos conteúdos, os municípios não tiveram espaço, os restou apenas o direito a execução, sob auspícios do exercício da autonomia e de melhorar a qualidade da educação.
As organizações não governamentais nas pesquisas em educação: os emblemas conceituais
Authors: Silva Grazielle Miranda , Silva Antonia Almeida
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho problematiza as visões e interpretações sobre as Organizações não Governamentais (ONGs) na produção acadêmica em educação voltada para o enfoque das políticas educacionais. O corpus foi constituído por 5 teses e 15 dissertações produzidas nos programas de pós-graduação em educação que tiveram conceito igual ou superior a cinco na avaliação trienal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal (CAPES), concluída em 2010. Trata-se de uma incursão inspirada nos estudos do tipo estado da arte, os quais estão voltadas para vasculhar a produção acadêmica em temas específicos, seus diferentes enfoques e prioridades, bem como, levantar o debate sobre as suas contribuições para o campo de conhecimento em que se insere. Os principais conceitos analíticos que nortearam a pesquisa foram Público, Privado e Terceiro Setor. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram interpretações conflitantes sobre a atuação das ONGs, com predominância das visões contrárias ao esvaziamento das responsabilidades do Setor Público, indicando, assim, movimentos de resistência às interpretações de que o Terceiro Setor seria a “salvação” para os problemas sociais.
Devoção e yoga nas camadas médias do Rio de Janeiro: análise do campo nos estudos da Bhagavad Gita
Authors: Bastos Cecilia Dos Guimaraes
Published: July 2021

Este artigo retrata o trabalho de campo de aproximadamente dez anos de convívio com um grupo de estudantes de Vedanta do Rio de Janeiro. Ao participar das aulas do curso da Bhagavad Gita, principal texto estudado em Vedanta, verifiquei como os alunos entendem a prática da meditação, o “Eu” consciência, seu papel (dharma) no mundo, a “ordem” cósmica, o sentido de devoção e as mudanças decorrentes de seus projetos de busca da “liberação” do samsara – um ciclo contínuo e sem fim marcado pela ignorância, ilusão e confusão. Acima de tudo, procurei analisar o sentido de suas buscas espirituais entendidas como “objetivo último” ou projeto de vida, o que envolveu a investigação do que querem dizer quando se denominam “buscadores” e do que entendem como “vida de yoga”.
De l’Amazonie Brésilienne aux Musées Français: parcours de collections et processus de légitimation
Authors: Delaître Anouk , Robert Pascale de
Published: July 2021

Para preparar uma pesquisa colaborativa sobre coleções museais amazónicas conservadas na França, foi realizado um inventário no Musée do Quai Branly e no Muséum de Toulouse. Foram identificadas 15 coleções com objetos associados ao povo Mebêngôkre-Kayapó que podiam interessar os pesquisadores indígenas o apresentar itens com documentação incompleta1. A análise da documentação das coleções, juntamente com a história das coleções, é uma oportunidade para um estudo comparativo e cronológico das políticas de aquisições referentes aos dois museus. Desde o século XIX, destacam-se pessoas-chaves, colecionadores e outros, suscetíveis de influenciar os processos de constituição, legitimação e documentação das coleções museais. Com que objetivos se manifestam em cada época? O caso amazônico ilustra os processos de legitimação operados pela instituição do museu, e a importância de contextualizar as condições de aquisição do ponto de vista institucional, político e jurídico. As iniciativas mais recentes tentam valorizar narrativas múltiplas para associar aos objetos das coleções.
Infraestrutura, Temporalidades e Vigilância: Um Estudo Etnográfico na Monitoração Eletrônica do Estado do Paraná.
Authors: Lancellotti Helena Patini
Published: July 2021

O artigo apresenta parte da minha pesquisa de doutorado sobre as tornozeleiras eletrônicas, tendo como fio condutor os estudos de infraestrutura, objetos e vigilância. O estudo debruça-se sobre o uso das tornozeleiras eletrônicas como um objeto fluído e parte de uma infraestrutura do monitoramento eletrônico, composta por uma rede de elementos humanos e não humanos atuando de forma conjunta, tendo como finalidade o acompanhamento e vigilância de pessoas presas. Os dados são provenientes de observações realizadas no cotidiano de trabalho dos agentes penitenciários em funções administrativas na Central de Monitoração do Paraná e no espaço de manutenção desses aparelhos. Ao longo da pesquisa foi possível apreender como múltiplas temporalidades coexistem nesse trabalho de bastidores – distante de uma noção de infraestrutura como um projeto acabado – além de que seguir esses sistemas formados por materiais é também pensar em formas de governar pessoas e seus efeitos nas vidas cotidianas. Infrastructure, Temporalities and Surveillance: A Study of Ankle Bracelets in State of Paraná.Abstract: This article presents part of my doctoral research on electronic ankle bracelets. The reflections are guided by infrastructure, objects, and surveillance studies. This study focuses on the use of electronic ankle bracelets as a fluid object and part of an electronic monitoring infrastructure, composed of a network of heterogeneous elements - human and non-human - that act together in order to monitor people arrested. The data comes from observing the work of prison officers in administrative functions in the Electronic Monitoring Center of Paraná and in the space of maintenance of these devices. Throughout the research it was possible to apprehend the way in which multiple temporalities coexist in this work - far from a notion of infrastructure as a finished project - in addition to following this network formed by materials is to think of ways to govern people and their effects on daily lives.Keywords: Electronic Ankle Bracelets, Anthropology of Infrastructure, Surveillance Studies, Electronic Monitoring.
(Toxi)Cidade do Aço: Infraestrutura Siderúrgica e Contestação Social em um Caso de Contaminação por Resíduos Industriais
Authors: Lima Maria Raquel Passos
Published: July 2021

O artigo analisa o caso de contaminação do “condomínio Volta Grande IV” por resíduos industriais da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), em Volta Redonda no Sul Fluminense (RJ). A noção de “infraestrutura siderúrgica” é desenvolvida como chave de análise capaz de restituir conceitual e etnograficamente a dimensão invisível da produção siderúrgica, ao enfocar o lado residual da infraestrutura, caracterizado pela toxicidade. O objetivo do artigo é compreender as relações de poder e dinâmicas políticas engendradas pelas substâncias tóxicas na configuração de arenas de disputa em torno de seus potenciais usos e efeitos. A partir da apresentação de quatro cenários a contaminação, a controvérsia científica, o processo judicial e a arena ambiental a narrativa etnográfica adota o tempo como objeto privilegiado, discutindo as formas como temporalidades divergentes atravessam diferencialmente a infraestrutura e seus efeitos políticos na construção de estratégias corporativas e processos de contestação social, que terminam por conformar uma “política resiliente”.(Toxi)City of steel: steelmaking infrastructure and social contestation in a case of contamination by industrial wasteAbstract: The article analyzes the case of contamination of the “Volta Grande IV” neighborhood by industrial waste from Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN), in the city of Volta Redonda, South of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The notion of “steelmaking infrastructure” is developed as a key concept that enables to integrate conceptually and ethnographically the invisible dimension of steel production, by focusing on the residual side of the infrastructure, characterized by toxicity. The focus is to understand power relations and political dynamics engendered by toxic substances in the configuration of contentious arenas around their potential uses and effects. The ethnographic narrative proceeds by presenting four scenarios - contamination, scientific controversy, the legal process and the environmental arena - and adopts time as a privileged object, discussing the ways in which divergent temporalities differentially traverse infrastructure and its political effects in the construction of corporate strategies and social contestation processes, that shape a "resilient politics”.Keywords: Environmental justice; Toxic waste; Steel industry; Infrastructure; Time.
Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Pengenalan Bahasa Arab Terhadab Anak-Anak Masyarakat Yang tinggal di Lingkungan Transmigrasi di Desa Sikerabang
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal
Published: July 2021

الإنسان مخلوق اجتماعي الذي يحتاج إلى إنسان آخر لقضاء حاجتهم في الحياة. وهذا يسمى بالمجتمع الذي تقع فيه حياة اجتماعية بين الناس. لو رأينا بعض الناس, ينتقلون إلى مكان آخر و يتركون قريتهم لأشياء معينة منها العمل, بسبب عدم العمل و قلة المال الذين وجدوها في مسكنهم القديم يسبب انتقالتهم. ليس بسبب ذلك فقط, لكن بسبب النظام من الحكومة التي تنظم النظام "التناسخ". اختلاف المجتمع والإخلاط بينهم في مكان جديد, تحدث المشكلة في اللغة خاصة العربية هم لا يعرفون اللغة العربية,  لا يستطيعون نطق حرف الهجئية الصحيحة ومع قراءة القرآن, هذا وجدنا بعد أن رأينا وتأملنا في القرية "سيكارابنك" مدينة سبل السلام حينما نقوم بتعليم اللغة العربية  مع الأطفال و الطلاب والمجتمع, كثير منهم لا يعرفون العربية. ولو كذلك هم يشعرون بالسرور عند تعلم العربية يستطيعون بعد ذلك ولو كان قليلا. للناطقين غير العربية يحتاجون إلى طريقة مناسبة  لتحقيق الأهداف في تعلم اللغة العربية. وهذا البحث يقوم بدراسة الوصفي
DIGITAL OIL FIELD FROM DATA TO REAL - TIME DECISION MAKING -SMART WORKING FOR OPERATIONS EFFICIENCY
Authors: Dehka Mohammad Rostami , Nistor Iulian
Published: July 2021

Digital Oil Field (DOF) project in OMV Petrom aims to remotely monitor, troubleshoot and optimize operations and maintenance data and activities in a modern manner, and to foster value creation through increased integrated and reliable performance data availability to skilled professionals in order to facilitate the right decisions. DOF Project started as a pilot in an oil field, covering a large area of automated wells and facilities. The pilot field is operating around 400 wells equipped with PCP (progressive cavity pump) and more than 70% automated facilities consisting of: 14 MPSs (Meter Point Skids), 2 PMANs (Production Manifolds) and 1 OMS (Oil Metering Station), all connected to SCADA systems.
DEMULSIFIER SELECTION FOR WATER SEPARATION FROM HEAVY CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS OF IRANIAN OIL FIELD
Authors: Yazdanmehr Fatemeh , Nistor Iulian
Published: July 2021

"In this study, various demulsifiers have been chosen for emulsion separation from heavy Iranian oil. The 16 types of water and oil based demulsifiers were tested using the selection procedure. Further, the current study assessed the effect of parameters like concentration, water cut and residence time on demulsification. Water emulsion separation has been found to be improved with selected oil-based demulsifiers. The results show that the oil based demulsifiers with a pH between 7-8 and dosage more than 100 ppm have more dehydration efficiency.
The efficiency of water-based demulsifiers is lower than that of oil-based demulsifiers. Using the Qualitec-4 software, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the former was investigated. The results show that the selection of water-based demulsifiers, with pH = 7.76, dose = 100, time = 600, had the best performance.
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O CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL E SEUS PRINCIPAIS EFEITOS DELETÉRIOS NO CORPO HUMANO: UMA REVISÃO DESCRITIVA
Authors: Lanza Ana Tereza de Freitas , Handeri Alycia Madureira , Cecconello Ana Beatriz Pinto , Sarmento Caio de Vasconcelos , Rocha Laura Cadaval , Pongeluppi Ana Clara Aguiar , Coury Marayra Inês França
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: O consumo do álcool para fins recreativos acompanha a sociedade desde a pré-história. Entretanto, o abuso dessa substância e seu uso crônico podem resultar em danos ao organismo. O presente trabalho objetiva discutir seus efeitos no metabolismo e suas ações sistêmicas e específicas, além das possíveis consequências decorrentes da sua utilização. Assim, foi realizada revisão descritiva através de pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Pubmed e BIREME, por meio dos descritores “Álcool”, “Alcoolismo”, “Efeitos Adversos”, “Etanol”, “Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico”, “Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal”, e “Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool”, de artigos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Nessa conjectura, os principais relatos das ações do álcool no organismo foram sobre seu metabolismo, efeitos hepáticos, efeitos na gestação e efeitos nervosos. Pode-se constatar os possíveis danos que essa substância gera ao organismo humano, potencializados se consumida em quantidades exacerbadas ou durante a gestação, a lactação e concomitante ao uso de fármacos e/ou drogas. Conclui-se que o uso do etanol deve ser controlado para evitar seus efeitos tóxicos no metabolismo. Existe bastante literatura sobre este assunto, mas ainda há lacunas a serem preenchidas nessa temática, e, portanto, faz-se necessário mais estudos e pesquisas científicas na área.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO LABORATÓRIO DE MATEMÁTICA NOS DIAS ATUAIS
Authors: Silva Lauriberto Araújo da , Araújo Jessica da Silva de
Published: July 2021

O artigo propõe a criação de um LEM (Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática) nas Instituições Públicas Municipais e Estaduais bem como nas Instituições Particulares. O trabalho descreve alguns recursos didáticos e tecnológicos importantes no processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem da matemática principalmente, quanto á forma de ensinar nos dias atuais. Tais recursos como os jogos matemáticos educativos e as TIC’s (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação) aqui relacionados, mesmo sendo em quantidade mínima servem como parâmetro, para demonstrar o quanto são importantes para o ensino da matemática e, que só podem ser armazenados, em um local apropriado como o LEM. A escola, porém, diz ser desnecessária a criação de um Laboratório por já possuir uma sala de Informática. A verdade é que a escola, não tem o interesse na melhoria do processo de ensino e aprendizagem em matemática pelos alunos e sim, desenvolver projetos, que nunca são elaborados por professores de matemática, para que sejam aplicados nas aulas, mesmo sem trazer ganhos na aprendizagem dos alunos.
ANALFABETISMO FUNCIONAL: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO EDUCACIONAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Matos Euzene Mendonça Barbosa , Matos Benedito de Sousa , Alves Francisco Regis Vieira
Published: July 2021

analfabetismo funcional, é caracterizado, quando os alunos escolarizados ainda apresentam dificuldades em buscar, avaliar e organizar informações de modo a aprender, resolver problemas e tomar decisões para a vida. As resultantes desse fator tem gerado a limitação social e intelectual de grande parte da população, e gerado sérios problemas para o desenvolvimento educacional no Brasil. Este artigo busca refletir alguns fatores que implicam no analfabetismo funcional, com a revisão de literatura sobre a conceituação, as políticas educacionais, e os dados estatísticos a respeito do índice de analfabetos funcionais e suas características de identificação no meio social educacional.
الاسس المنهجية لكتاب التقييد لمعرفة رواة السنن السنن والمسانيد للمؤرخ ابن نقطة (629هـ/1231م)
Authors:   الاسس المنهجية لكتاب التقييد لمعرفة رواة السنن السنن والمسانيد للمؤرخ ابن نقطة (629هـ/1231م), زاجي بثينة جبار , فار س رشا عيسى ,   جامعة بغداد/مركز احياء التراث العلمي العربي
Published: July 2021

ان كتاب (التقييد لمعرفة رواة السنن والمسانيد) للحافظ ابن نقطة: محمد بن عبد الغني بن أبي بكر ، البغدادي، الحنبلي، المتوفى سنة (629هـ / 1231م) يختص بإفراد تراجم رواة السنن والمسانيد وغيرها بالتصنيف ، وبيان احوالهم جرحا وتعديلا ، وتعيين ما تحملوه بالسماع مما تحملوه بغيره من وجوه التحمل الاخرى ، وبيان ما صح لهم مما لم يصح ، فضلاً عن تعيين الاجزاء التي أتفق لهم سمعها مما لم يتفق لهم ذلك ، وغيرها من الفوائد الاخرى التي يدرك أهميتها وفوائدها المختصون في هذا العلم . وهو يعد اول كتاب في بابه على طريقة مصنفه ، ونقصد به أن بعض من اعتنى بذكر رواة الكتب وأسانيدهم فانهم غالبا لم يعتنوا بما اعتنى به ابن نقطة في كتابه ، اذ سار فيه على طريقة المصنفين في تراجم الرواة ؛ من ذكر الاسم كاملا ، وبعض من سمع منه ، وبعض من روى عنه .
التعارض بين الرواية والفتوى وأثره في اختلاف الفقهاء في الأحوال الشخصية، والمعاملات والزينة
Authors:   جامعة بغداد، كلية العلوم الإسلامية، قسم الشريعة, العبيدي غازي خالد رحال
Published: July 2021

The issue of inconsistency between the narration and the fatwa is one of the well-known issues among the fundamentalists and the jurists, and it is one of the investigations of the Sunnah according to the fundamentalists, and on which several issues are built, and it is one of the reasons for the differences of the jurists. This is a disagreement, based on the fact that the lesson is based on his narration, as he performed what he narrated, or transmitted what he memorized, then after that he may know that this hadith that he narrated has been abrogated, or he does not have to act, or perhaps he may forget what he narrated, so he issued a fatwa with his diligence, on Contrary to what he narrated, or that his fatwas may have been before his narration, and all these matters are a matter of disagreement among the fundamentalists. Therefore, the well-known dispute arose, which is: the lesson is what he narrated, or what he did, and it seems to me: The issues that the people of the origins mention represent this issue, They may be few, but the one who follows the opinions of the jurists, their words, and the explanations of the hadith, and the guidance they gave to this issue, will find more than that, and I was able, by the grace of God Almighty, to collect twelve practical issues of this venerable fundamentalist rule, then I discussed the jurisprudential issues. , a comparative, non-lengthy study, because the goal is to highlight the extent of interrelationship between the fundamentalist rule and its jurisprudential applications.
Tidal mixing of estuarine and coastal waters in the Western English Channel controls spatial and temporal variability in seawater CO2
Authors: Sims Richard Peter , Bedington Michael , Schuster Ute , Watson Andrew , Kitidis Vassilis , Torres Ricardo , Findlay Helen , Fishwick James , Brown Ian , Bell Thomas
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Surface ocean CO2 measurements are used to compute the oceanic air–sea CO2 flux. The CO2 flux component from rivers and estuaries is uncertain. Estuarine and coastal water carbon dioxide (CO2) observations are relatively few compared to observations in the open ocean. The contribution of these regions to the global air–sea CO2 flux remains uncertain due to systematic under-sampling. Existing high-quality CO2 instrumentation predominantly utilise showerhead and percolating style equilibrators optimised for open ocean observations. The intervals between measurements made with such instrumentation make it difficult to resolve the fine-scale spatial variability of surface water CO2 at timescales relevant to the high frequency variability in estuarine and coastal environments. Here we present a novel dataset with unprecedented frequency and spatial resolution transects made at the Western Channel Observatory in the south west of the UK from June to September 2016, using a fast response seawater CO2 system. Novel observations were made along the estuarine–coastal continuum at different stages of the tide and reveal distinct spatial patterns in the surface water CO2 fugacity (fCO2) at different stages of the tidal cycle. Changes in salinity and fCO2 were closely correlated at all stages of the tidal cycle and suggest that the mixing of oceanic and riverine end members determines the variations in fCO2. The observations demonstrate the complex dynamics determining spatial and temporal patterns of salinity and fCO2 in the region. Spatial variations in observed surface salinity were used to validate the output of a regional high resolution hydrodynamic model. The model enables a novel estimate of the air–sea CO2 flux in the estuarine–coastal zone. Air–sea CO2 flux variability in the estuarine–coastal boundary region is dominated by the state of the tide because of strong CO2 outgassing from the river plume. The observations and model output demonstrate that undersampling the complex tidal and mixing processes characteristic of estuarine and coastal environment bias quantification of air-sea CO2 fluxes in coastal waters. The results provide a mechanism to support critical national and regional policy implementation by reducing uncertainty in carbon budgets.
Quantifying memory and persistence in the atmosphere–land/ocean carbon system
Authors: Jonas Matthias , Bun Rostyslav , Ryzha Iryna , Żebrowski Piotr
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Here we interpret carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel burning and land use as a global stress-strain experiment. We use the idea of a Maxwell body consisting of elastic and damping (viscous) elements to reflect the overall behaviour of the atmosphere–land/ocean system in response to the continued increase of CO2 emissions between 1850 and 2015. From the standpoint of a global observer, we see that as a consequence of the increase, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increases (rather quickly). Concomitantly, the atmosphere warms and expands, while part of the carbon is locked away (rather slowly) in land and oceans, likewise under the influence of global warming. It is not known how reversible and how much out of sync the latter process is in relation to the former. All we know is that the slower process remembers the influence of the faster one which runs ahead. Here we ask three (nontrivial) questions: (1) Can this global-scale memory–Earth’s memory–be quantified? (2) Is Earth’s memory a buffer which is negligently exploited; and in the case that it is even a limited buffer, what is the degree of exploitation? And (3) does Earth’s memory allow its persistence (path dependency) to be quantified? To the best of our knowledge, the answers to these questions are pending. We go beyond textbook knowledge by introducing three parameters that characterise the system: delay time, memory, and persistence. The three parameters depend, ceteris paribus, solely on the system’s characteristic viscoelastic behaviour and allow deeper insights into that system. We find that since 1850, the atmosphere–land/ocean system has been trapped progressively in terms of persistence (i.e., it will become progressively more difficult to strain-relax the system), while its ability to build up memory has been reduced. The ability of a system to build up memory effectively can be understood as its ability to respond still within its natural regime; or, if the build-up of memory is limited, as a measure for system failures globally in the future. Approximately 60 % of Earth’s memory had already been exploited by humankind prior to 1959. We expect system failures globally well before 2050 if the current trend in emissions is not reversed immediately and sustainably.
The NIEER AVHRR snow cover extent product over China – A long-term daily snow record for regional climate research
Authors: Hao Xiaohua , Huang Guanghui , Che Tao , Ji Wenzheng , Sun Xingliang , Zhao Qin , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Jian , Li Hongyi , Yang Qian
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, a long-term AVHRR snow cover extent (SCE) product from 1981 until 2019 over China has been generated by the snow research team in the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The new NIEER product has the spatial resolution of 5-km and the daily temporal resolution, and is a completely gap-free product, which is produced through a series of processes such as the quality control, cloud detection, snow discrimination and gap-filling. A comprehensive validation with reference to ground snow-depth measurements during snow seasons in China revealed the overall accuracy is 87.4 %, the producer’s accuracy was 81.0 % the user’s accuracy was 81.3 %, and the Cohen’s kappa value was 0.717. Another validation with reference to higher-resolution snow maps derived from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images demonstrates an overall accuracy of 89.4 %, a producer’s accuracy of 90.2 %, a user’s accuracy of 96.1 %, and a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.713. These accuracies were significantly higher than those of currently existing AVHRR products. For example, compared with the well-known JASMES AVHRR product, the overall accuracy increased approximately 15 percent, the omission error dropped from nearly 40 % to 19.7 %, the commission error dropped from 31.9 % to 21.3 %, and the CK value increased by more than 114 %. The new AVHRR product is now already available at https://dx.doi.org/10.11888/Snow.tpdc.271381 (Hao et al. 2021).
A global CO2 flux dataset (2015–2019) inferred from OCO-2 retrievals using the Tan-Tracker inversion system
Authors: Jin Zhe , Tian Xiangjun , Han Rui , Fu Yu , Li Xin , Mao Huiqin , Chen Cuihong
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Accurate assessment of the various sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2), especially terrestrial ecosystem and ocean fluxes with high uncertainties, is important for understanding of the global carbon cycle, supporting the formulation of climate policies, and projecting future climate change. Satellite retrievals of the column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) are being widely used to improve carbon flux estimation due to their broad spatial coverage. However, there is no consensus on the robust estimates of regional fluxes. In this study, we present a global and regional resolved terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux (NEE) and ocean carbon flux dataset for 2015–2019. The dataset was generated using the Tan-Tracker inversion system by assimilating Observing Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) column CO2 retrievals. The posterior NEE and ocean carbon fluxes were comprehensively validated by comparing posterior simulated CO2 concentrations with OCO-2 independent retrievals and Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements. The validation showed that posterior carbon fluxes significantly improved the modelling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with global mean biases of 0.33 ppm against OCO-2 retrievals and 0.12 ppm against TCCON measurements. We described the characteristics of the dataset at global, regional, and Tibetan Plateau scales in terms of the carbon budget, annual and seasonal variations, and spatial distribution. The posterior 5-year annual mean global atmospheric CO2 growth rate was 5.35 PgC yr−1, which was within the uncertainty of the Global Carbon Budget 2020 estimate (5.49 PgC yr−1). The posterior annual mean NEE and ocean carbon fluxes were −4.07 and −3.33 PgC yr−1, respectively. Regional fluxes were analysed based on TransCom partitioning. All 11 land regions acted as carbon sinks, except for Tropical South America, which was almost neutral. The strongest carbon sinks were located in Boreal Asia, followed by Temperate Asia and North Africa. The entire Tibetan Plateau ecosystem was estimated as a carbon sink, taking up −49.52 TgC yr−1 on average, with the strongest sink occurring in eastern alpine meadows. These results indicate that our dataset captures surface carbon fluxes well and provides insight into the global carbon cycle. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.271317 (Jin et al., 2021).
CM2Mc-LPJmL v1.0: biophysical coupling of a process-based dynamic vegetation model with managed land to a general circulation model
Authors: Drüke Markus , von Bloh Werner , Petri Stefan , Sakschewski Boris , Schaphoff Sibyll , Forkel Matthias , Huiskamp Willem , Feulner Georg , Thonicke Kirsten
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The terrestrial biosphere is exposed to land-use and climate change, which not only affects vegetation dynamics but also changes land–atmosphere feedbacks. Specifically, changes in land cover affect biophysical feedbacks of water and energy, thereby contributing to climate change.
In this study, we couple the well-established and comprehensively validated dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL5 (Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land) to the coupled climate model CM2Mc, the latter of which is based on the atmosphere model AM2 and the ocean model MOM5 (Modular Ocean Model 5), and name it CM2Mc-LPJmL. In CM2Mc, we replace the simple land-surface model LaD (Land Dynamics; where vegetation is static and
prescribed) with LPJmL5, and we fully couple the water and energy cycles using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modeling System (FMS). Several improvements to LPJmL5 were implemented to allow a fully functional biophysical coupling. These include a sub-daily cycle for calculating energy and water fluxes, conductance of the soil evaporation and plant interception, canopy-layer humidity, and the surface energy balance in order to calculate the surface and canopy-layer temperature within LPJmL5.
Exchanging LaD with LPJmL5 and, therefore, switching from a static and prescribed vegetation to a dynamic vegetation allows us to model important biospheric processes, including fire, mortality, permafrost, hydrological cycling and the impacts of managed land (crop growth and irrigation).
Our results show that CM2Mc-LPJmL has similar temperature and precipitation biases to the original CM2Mc model with LaD. The performance of LPJmL5 in the coupled system compared to Earth observation data and to LPJmL offline simulation results is within acceptable error margins. The historical global mean temperature evolution of our model setup is within the range of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models. The comparison of model runs with and without land-use change shows a partially warmer and drier climate state across the global land surface.
CM2Mc-LPJmL opens new opportunities to investigate important biophysical vegetation–climate feedbacks with a state-of-the-art and process-based dynamic vegetation model.
Easy-to-use spatial Random Forest-based downscaling-calibration method for producing high resolution and accurate precipitation data
Authors: Chen Chuanfa , Hu Baojian , Li Yanyan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. High resolution and accurate precipitation data is significantly important for numerous hydrological applications. To enhance the spatial resolution and accuracy of satellite-based precipitation products, an easy-to-use downscaling-calibration method based on spatial Random Forest (SRF) is proposed in this paper, where the spatial autocorrelation between precipitation measurements is taken into account. The proposed method consists of two main stages. Firstly, the satellite-based precipitation was downscaled by SRF with the incorporation of some high-resolution covariates including latitude, longitude, DEM, NDVI, terrain slope, aspect, relief, and land surface temperatures. Then, the downscaled precipitation was calibrated by SRF with rain gauge observations and the aforementioned high-resolution variables. The monthly Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) located in Sichuan province, China from 2015 to 2019 was processed using our method and its results were compared with those of some classical methods including geographically weighted regression (GWR), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), kriging interpolation only on gauge measurements, bilinear interpolation-based downscaling and then SRF-based calibration (Bi-SRF), and SRF-based downscaling and then geographical difference analysis (GDA)-based calibration (SRF-GDA). Results show that: (1) the proposed method outperforms the other methods as well as the original IMERG; (2) the monthly-based SRF estimation is slightly more accurate than the annual-based SRF fraction disaggregation method; (3) SRF-based downscaling and calibration preforms better than bilinear downscaling (Bi-SRF) and GDA-based calibration (SRF-GDA); (4) kriging seems more accurate than GWR and ANN in terms of quantitative accuracy measures, whereas its precipitation map cannot capture the detailed spatial precipitation patterns; and (5) among the predictors for calibration, the precipitation interpolated by kriging on the gauge measurements is the most important variable, indicating the significance for the inclusion of spatial autocorrelation information in gauge measurements.
Quantifying floodwater impacts on a lake water budget via volume-dependent transient stable isotope mass balance
Authors: Masse-Dufresne Janie , Barbecot Florent , Baudron Paul , Gibson John
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Isotope mass balance models have undergone significant developments in the last decade, demonstrating their utility for assessing the spatial and temporal variability in hydrological processes and revealing significant value for baseline assessment in remote and/or flood-affected settings where direct measurement of surface water fluxes to lakes (i.e. stream gauging) are difficult to perform. In this study, we demonstrate that isotopic mass balance modelling can be used to provide evidence of the relative importance of direct floodwater inputs and temporary subsurface storage of floodwater at ungauged lake systems. A volume-dependent transient isotopic mass balance model was developed for an artificial lake (named lake A) in southern Quebec (Canada). This lake typically receives substantial floodwater inputs during the spring freshet period as an ephemeral hydraulic connection with a 150 000 km2 large watershed is established. First-order water flux estimates to lake A allow for impacts of floodwater inputs to be highlighted within the annual water budget. The isotopic mass balance model has revealed that groundwater and surface water inputs account for 60 %–71 % and 39 %–28 % of the total annual water inputs to lake A, respectively, which demonstrates an inherent dependence of the lake on groundwater. However, when considering the
potential temporary subsurface storage of floodwater, the partitioning between groundwater and surface water inputs tends to equalize, and the lake A
water budget is found to be more resilient to groundwater quantity and
quality changes. Our findings suggest not only that floodwater fluxes to
lake A have an impact on its dynamics during springtime but also significantly
influence its long-term water balance and help to inform, understand, and
predict future water quality variations. From a global perspective, this
knowledge is useful for establishing regional-scale management strategies
for maintaining water quality at flood-affected lakes, for predicting the
response of artificial recharge systems in such settings, and for mitigating impacts due to land use and climate changes.
QUALITY ASPECTS OF HIGH-DEFINITION MAPS
Authors: Lógó J. M. , Krausz N. , Potó V. , Barsi A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A self-driving vehicle is one of the most expected inventions in the near future. These vehicles are enabled by several technological developments, like artificial intelligence, robust control, vehicular sensors, and high-speed communication. But beyond all these elements, the essential component is the knowledge about reality. Our profession has answered that question with the development of high-definition (abbreviated as HD) maps. Fully automated driving (also called driverless transportation) must be reliable enough to entrust our lives to the car. This fact indicates that the applied technology and the used map must be of high quality. But how can the quality of such a map be expressed? We are looking for the answer in the current paper.Following Carlo Batini’s idea, the general approach is based on the triumvirate of data sources – quality dimensions – life cycle phases. Data sources cover aerial, terrestrial and mobile mapping products with the available highest technological care; furthermore, onboard vehicular sensing extends the corresponding data sets. Lifecycle phases focus on the production (data collection and processing technologies) expanded by conceptualization (pre-production) and data delivery and use (post-production). Quality dimensions are strongly related to the dimensionality of the data; they can be measured by dimension metrics.The first part of the paper summarizes the applied data collection methodologies, emphasizing the output data. This description contains a summary of the processing mechanism – inevitably characterized by quality indicators. The paper aims to give a complete outline for the quality dimensions; we do not limit the resolution and accuracy dimensions, but other significant clusters like completeness or consistency are also discussed. Because the reality changes are enormous in transportation (vehicles, pedestrians, etc., are moving – even at higher speed) and the newly developing HD maps are expected to be live, actuality is a cardinal quality dimension as well. Vehicular technologies like SENSORIS give an excellent option to the equipped vehicles to download and use maps from the cloud and upload their field observations, opening a new way to maintain the map database. The so established crowd-sourced data collection intensely influences the map quality; therefore, this method generates quality-related issues that are also to be analyzed.The second part of the paper is a case study, where a pilot site close to the university campus was selected. In this area, thousands of images were captured and uploaded into the Mapillary database. Artificial intelligence processes were applied for segmenting, classifying, and evaluating the content of the georeferenced imagery. The map database stores various object categories in the area, for example, pedestrian crossings, traffic signs, or trash cans. All extracted objects are available in georeferenced format, enabling spatial analyses to derive numeric quality indicators. The paper presents the complete results of this study.
THE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT DEMIX, A COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH AT GLOBAL DEM BENCHMARKING
Authors: Strobl P. A. , Bielski C. , Guth P. L. , Grohmann C. H. , Muller J.-P. , López-Vázquez C. , Gesch D. B. , Amatulli G. , Riazanoff S. , Carabajal C.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper presents an initiative recently launched under the auspices of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) aiming at providing harmonised terminology and methods, as well as practical guidelines and results allowing the intercomparison of continental or global Digital Elevation Models (DEM). As the work is still ongoing the main purpose of this article is not the dissemination of the outcome but rather to inform the wider community about the initiative, communicate the chosen approach to raise awareness, and attract possible further participants. Nevertheless, some preliminary results are included and an outlook on planned next steps is provided.