bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing Multiple Mothering: A Case Study of Childrearing in a U.S. Lesbian‐Led Family
Authors: Pelka Suzanne
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Previous research on lesbian‐led families rarely comments on specific mothering moments observed first hand by researchers. This article presents observations made with one such family in February of 2007, which followed up research I conducted throughout 2001–04 with this family and 29 other lesbian‐led families. The vast majority of these informants are middle‐class Euro‐American lesbians living in the New York metropolitan area. In this article I detail particular mothering moments pertaining to the ways in which one couple educates and disciplines their children. Observations reveal an intentional rule‐based parenting guided by expert opinion and focused on producing “highly intelligent,”“polite” children. I argue that raising “good children” is meaningful to lesbian couples in the United States as it indexes their own value as “good parents.” I suggest that my informants are nontraditional traditionalists as they parent and socialize their children in ways that cull components from cultural models from their own families of origin. These data offer a corrective to popular views of alternative family formations and practices as strictly countercultural. The family presented in the following microethnography consciously incorporates and reappropriates many traditional cultural values and models from the dominant heterosexual, middle‐class, Euro‐American culture. [lesbian‐led families, U.S. parenting, childrearing, discipline, comothering, lesbian IVF]
Commentary: Good Ethnographies Make Good Theories
Authors: Quinn Naomi
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The extremely high quality of the ethnography in this collection of articles is attested by the various challenges the authors pose to my own previously published ideas about universals of child rearing. In a 2005 article, I posited that child rearers everywhere (1) engineer the environment to insure that the child's experience of the lessons to be learned is constant, so as not to dilute their impact; (2) use emotionally arousing techniques such as beating, frightening, shaming, teasing, and praising to make these lessons motivating and memorable; (3) enlist the further motivational force of approval for good behavior and disapproval for bad; and (4) predispose or prime the young child with foundational components or simpler versions of the lessons to be learned, readying the child for these later, more complex lessons. I find it necessary and helpful to qualify each of the four claims in light of the case studies presented in this issue. [mothering, child rearing; universals; ethnography and theory; case studies]
Democratic Technologies of Speech: From WWII America to Postcolonial Delhi
Authors: Hull Matthew
Published: November 2010

This article traces putatively democratic speech and interactional techniques from their development during WWII to their translation into postindependence Delhi community development projects led by Ford Foundation consultants. Moving beyond a focus on high‐level development discourse, this article describes the techniques of speech through which development was brought to ground and the ways of speaking that community development promoted in its target populations. The deployment of these techniques in Delhi shows how the promotion of democracy aggressively attacked existing forms of sociality within the city. [speech genres, democracy, technology, development, India]
Ideologies in Fact: Still and Moving‐Image Documentary in the Soviet Union, 1927–1932
Authors: Malitsky Joshua
Published: November 2010

This article is a comparative analysis of moving and still‐image documentary produced as part of the factography movement in the USSR. Factography was an interdisciplinary movement (driven in part by contemporary linguistic work) that sought to align with the First Five‐Year Plan by eliminating the opposition between signification and production, transforming the relationship between language and work. I examine Esfir Shub's The Great Way alongside a photo‐essay on “a day in the life” of a Soviet working family in light of the critical responses to them in order to highlight the set of beliefs these practitioners, critics, and audiences held about the meanings these mediums convey. Because these ideas revolved so centrally around concerns about the rootedness and mobility of photographic signs, I turn to models of entextualization and develop a notion of cinematic indexicality as both trace and deixis in order to explicate the media ideologies subtending these positions.[factography, cinema, photography, entextualization, indexicality]
Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Media Switching and Media Ideologies
Authors: Gershon Ilana
Published: November 2010

When U.S. college students tell breakup stories, they often indicate what medium was used for each exchange. In this article, I explore what this practice reveals about people's media ideologies. By extending previous scholarship on language ideologies to media, I trace how switching media or refusing to switch media contributes to the labor of disconnecting the relationship, determining whether phrases such as “it's over” are effective or not.[breaking up, genre, media ideologies, media switching, new media]
Enemies, Parasites, and Noise:How to Take Up Residence in a System Without Becoming a Term in It
Authors: Kockelman Paul
Published: November 2010

This essay outlines some common properties of channels, infrastructure, and institutions. It analyzes the tense relation between channels and codes, on the one hand, and circulation and interpretation, on the other. It compares the assumptions and interventions of three traditions: cybernetics (via Claude Shannon), linguistic anthropology (via Roman Jakobson), and actor‐network theory (via Michel Serres). By developing the relation between Serres's notion of the parasite and Peirce's notion of thirdness, it theorizes the epi‐function served by the menagerie of entities who live in and off infrastructure: enemies and noise, meters and sieves, pirates and exploits, catalysts and assassins. By extending Jakobson's duplex categories (shifters, reported speech, proper names, metalanguage) from code‐sign relations to channel‐signer relations, it describes four reflexive modes of circulation that any network may involve: source‐dependent channels, signer‐directed signers, self‐channeling channels, and channel‐directed signers. And it relates the commensuration of value to the enclosure of disclosure.
[media, infrastructure, circulation, translation, enclosure.]
Animation: The New Performance?
Authors: Silvio Teri
Published: November 2010

From the 1950s through the 1990s, the trope of performance was elaborated across a range of academic disciplines, providing a platform for comparing the construction of identities through mimetic embodiment in ritual, work, and everyday life. Today, as animation is being remediated through digital media, both scholars and participants in various types of online communities are beginning to use animation as a trope for human action on/in the world. This essay attempts to bring together the insights of recent scholarship in various disciplines in order to outline a general animation model, first presenting some of the characteristics of animation that allow it to draw connections between social, technological, and psychic structures, and then examining some of the ways that the models of animation and performance interact in contemporary subcultural practices. [animation, performance, remediation, media ideologies, techno‐cultures]
Giants in the Fields: Agribusiness and Farm Labor Politics in the United States
Authors: Benson Peter
Published: November 2010

This article examines the cultural politics of farm labor organizing in North Carolina's tobacco‐producing region. Exploring the form and content of a theatrical performance staged in a labor camp by union affiliates, I show how the play builds on strategic cultural stereotypes about growers and workers. The play focuses on the theme of farmworker squalor and questions of who is responsible and who is to blame. While the play clearly has immediate pedagogical and political value for workers and participants, a narrative of good actors and bad actors occludes a full appreciation of the role of multinational capital and government neglect in inducing harm endured by farm labor and constraints faced by growers. This case study permits insights into the relevance of cultural performance in contemporary efforts to invoke ethical concerns and make policy improvements in agriculture and to develop constructive criticism about farm labor organizing and outreach strategies.
Liver iron overloading in captive muriquis (Brachytelesspp.)
Authors: Santos Stéfanie V. , Strefezzi Ricardo De F. , Pissinatti Alcides , Catão‐Dias José L.
Published: November 2010

Background Iron accumulation was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in the liver of 15 captiveBrachytelesspp.

Methods Hepatic hemosiderosis index (HHI) was determined as the area percentage of the liver parenchyma occupied by hemosiderin and ferritin deposits, through computerized histomorphometric analysis of Prussian blue–stained histologic sections.

Results All studied animals presented liver hemosiderosis, and HHI ranged from 0.2% to 41.7%. There were no significant differences in HHI between muriqui species or genders, and no correlations were detected among HHI and age, time in captivity or body mass. Iron deposits were accompanied by other hepatic disorders.

Conclusions This is the first study addressing the occurrence and consequences of iron overloading in the liver of muriquis. We propose that hemosiderosis may act as a contribute factor for the development of hepatic injuries. Further studies are advised to clarify the role of diet in the pathogenesis of hemosiderosis in these atelids.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Regression Approach to Clustered and Longitudinal Data in Empirical Legal Studies
Authors: Anderson William , Wells Martin T.
Published: November 2010

The various forms of regression are a dominant feature of modern data analysis. This is hardly surprising since the basic premises of regression are well understood in many different areas of research, and basic regression analysis is a standard component in many statistical software packages. However, researchers do not have to venture very far in their applications of regression analysis to run into trouble from a computational and modeling point of view. This is especially apparent when modeling longitudinal or repeated measures data using classical regression. We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to clustered and longitudinal data. These hierarchical models overcome many of the limitations of classical regression and are well suited to handle longitudinal data. The intuitive concepts of hierarchical models are introduced via the Donohue and Levitt (DL) abortion‐crime data set, using the statistical software package R. We show that when properly modeled, there is no empirical relationship between abortion and crime using the DL data set.
Punishment Despite Reasonable Doubt—A Public Goods Experiment with Sanctions Under Uncertainty
Authors: Grechenig Kristoffel , Nicklisch Andreas , Thöni Christian
Published: November 2010

Under a great variety of legally relevant circumstances, people have to decide whether or not to cooperate when they face an incentive to defect. The law sometimes provides people with sanctioning mechanisms to enforce pro‐social behavior. Experimental evidence on voluntary public goods provision shows that the option to punish others substantially improves cooperation, even if punishment is costly. However, these studies focus on situations where there is no uncertainty about the behavior of others. We investigate sanctions in a world with “reasonable doubt” about the contributions of others. Interestingly, people reveal a high willingness to punish even if their information about cooperation rates is highly inaccurate. If there is some nontrivial degree of noise, punishment (1) cannot establish cooperation high and (2) reduces welfare even below the level of a setting without punishment. Our findings suggest that sufficient information accuracy about others' behavior is crucial for the efficiency of sanction mechanisms. If a situation is characterized by low information accuracy, precluding sanctions, for example, through high standards of proof, is likely to be optimal.
Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL play important roles in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Zhou Feifan , Yang Ying , Xing Da
Published: November 2010

Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in the development, cellular homeostasis and, especially, oncogenesis of mammals. They may be triggered by common upstream signals, resulting in combined autophagy and apoptosis. In other instances, they may be mutually exclusive. Recent studies have suggested possible molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL, the well‐characterized apoptosis guards, appear to be important factors in autophagy, inhibiting Beclin 1‐mediated autophagy by binding to Beclin 1. In addition, Beclin 1, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL can cooperate with Atg5 or Ca2+ to regulate both autophagy and apoptosis. Thus, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL represent a molecular link between autophagy and apoptosis. Here, we discuss the possible roles of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL in apoptosis and autophagy, and the crosstalk between them.
COMPARING OLDER AND YOUNGER USERS' PERCEPTIONS OF MOBILE PHONES AND WATCHES USING CATA QUESTIONS AND PREFERENCE MAPPING ON THE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: PIQUERAS‐FISZMAN BETINA , ARES GASTÓN , ALCAIDE‐MARZAL JORGE , DIEGO‐MÁS JOSÉ A.
Published: November 2010

Knowledge of how older users perceive products and how this perception affects acceptance is important since they are a consumer sector with real growth potential. Within this context, the aim of the present study was to analyze how two age cohorts of users perceive products of different familiarity grade (mobile phones and watches), using check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions and preference mapping, techniques not commonly used in the industrial design field. Two studies were carried out in which young and older users assessed a series of product images by answering a CATA question and rating their overall liking using a 9‐point hedonic scale. Results demonstrated how certain terms apply only to a specific age group, how these correlated to particular design features and how these data constructed different preference patterns. Furthermore, the maps also revealed perception and preference differences not only among age groups, but also within age groups.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Results highlighted the importance of analyzing different groups of users at an individual level and gave insights into the underlying reasons behind their judgments when assigning liking scores to products. The differences found in liking and perception among the two age groups, overall in the mobile phone study, manifest the need to focus further research on older users. This is important to designers and market researchers because often consumer and market researchers consider mainly the younger cohort of users when dealing with aesthetics, and older users when dealing with usability.
The relative efficacy of trivalent live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children and adults
Authors: Ambrose Christopher S. , Levin Myron J. , Belshe Robert B.
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Ambrose CS et al. (2011) The relative efficacy of trivalent live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children and adults. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 67–75.

In the United States, two types of vaccines are recommended for the prevention of influenza: an intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for eligible individuals aged 2–49 years and unadjuvanted injectable trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIV) for eligible individuals aged ≥6 months. Several recent studies have compared the efficacy of the 2 vaccines in children and adults. In children 6 months to 18 years of age, each of the four comparative studies of LAIV and TIV demonstrated that LAIV was more protective. In individuals 17–49 years of age, most comparative studies have demonstrated that LAIV and TIV were similarly efficacious or that TIV was more efficacious. However, LAIV was shown to be more protective than TIV in new military recruits of all ages, and placebo‐controlled studies in adults in 1997–1998 suggested that LAIV was more protective against the mismatched A/H3N2 strain. The relative efficacy of LAIV and TIV among young adults may vary depending on the specific population and the antigenic match between the vaccines and circulating strains. In adults 60 years of age and older, limited data suggest that the two vaccines are similarly effective. In children and adults, studies also suggest that the relative efficacy of LAIV versus TIV may increase when measured against more severe illness. Additional research comparing LAIV and TIV is needed in adults and would also be valuable in older children and adolescents. Studies should examine the role of pre‐existing immunity as well as vaccine impact on influenza illness of varying severity.
Functionalization of whole‐cell bacterial reporters with magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Dayi , Fakhrullin Rawil F. , Özmen Mustafa , Wang Hui , Wang Jian , Paunov Vesselin N. , Li Guanghe , Huang Wei E.
Published: November 2010

We developed a biocompatible and highly efficient approach for functionalization of bacterial cell wall with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Three Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 chromosomally based bioreporters, which were genetically engineered to express bioluminescence in response to salicylate, toluene/xylene and alkanes, were functionalized with 18 ± 3 nm iron oxide MNPs to acquire magnetic function. The efficiency of MNPs functionalization of Acinetobacter bioreporters was 99.96 ± 0.01%. The MNPs‐functionalized bioreporters (MFBs) can be remotely controlled and collected by an external magnetic field. The MFBs were all viable and functional as good as the native cells in terms of sensitivity, specificity and quantitative response. More importantly, we demonstrated that salicylate sensing MFBs can be applied to sediments and garden soils, and semi‐quantitatively detect salicylate in those samples by discriminably recovering MFBs with a permanent magnet. The magnetically functionalized cells are especially useful to complex environments in which the indigenous cells, particles and impurities may interfere with direct measurement of bioreporter cells and conventional filtration is not applicable to distinguish and harvest bioreporters. The approach described here provides a powerful tool to remotely control and selectively manipulate MNPs‐functionalized cells in water and soils. It would have a potential in the application of environmental microbiology, such as bioremediation enhancement and environment monitoring and assessment.
Comprehensive Chemical and Isotopic Analyses of Basalt and Sediment Reference Materials
Authors: Chauvel Catherine , Bureau Sarah , Poggi Christèle
Published: November 2010

Geochemical studies of geological samples require the precise determination of their major and trace element contents and, when measured, of their isotopic compositions. It is now commonly accepted that the accuracy and precision of geochemical analyses are best estimated by the concomitant analysis of international reference materials run as unknown samples. Although the composition of a wide selection of basalts is relatively well constrained, this is far from being the case for sedimentary materials. We present here a comprehensive set of major and trace element data as well as Nd, Hf, Sr and Pb isotopic compositions for thirteen commonly used international reference materials – eight magmatic rocks (BHVO‐2, BR, BE‐N, BR 24, AGV‐1, BIR‐1, UB‐N, RGM‐1) and five sediments (JLk‐1, JSd‐1, JSd‐2, JSd‐3, LKSD‐1). We determined the concentrations of over forty elements in the magmatic rocks together with Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotopic compositions. Our trace element results were both accurate (difference ≤ 3%) and precise (reproducibility at 1s ≤ 3%) and the isotopic results were very similar to other published values. In contrast, we observed a significant chemical and isotopic variability in the sedimentary materials, which we attribute to mineral heterogeneities in the powders. Despite the limitation imposed by this heterogeneity, our work presents a complete set of data determined with a precision not yet achieved in the literature for sedimentary material. We also provide the first Nd, Hf and Pb isotopic measurements for the five sediments, which are commonly used by the geochemical community. Our study of both basalt and sediment reference materials represents a comprehensive and self‐consistent set of geochemical data and can therefore be considered as a reference database for the community.
Rotordynamic Force Prediction of Centrifugal Compressor Impellers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Moore J. Jeffrey , Ransom David L. , Viana Flavia
Published: November 2010

The energy industry depends on centrifugal compressors to produce, process, reinject, and transport many different gases. Centrifugal compressors use one or more impellers to impart momentum to the flowing gas and, thereby, produce an increase in pressure through diffusion. As the operating pressure in a compressor increases, the fluid-rotor interaction at the seals and impellers become more important. Also, the new generation of megascale liquefied natural gas compressors is dependent on accurate assessment of these forces. The aerodynamic forces and cross-coupled stiffness from the impellers cannot be accurately predicted with traditional methods and must be estimated with semiempirical formulations. The result of these inaccuracies is a potential for compressor designs that can experience unexpected, dangerous, and damaging instabilities and subsynchronous vibrations. The current investigation is intended to advance the state of the art to achieve an improved, physics-based method of predicted aerodynamic destabilizing cross-coupling forces on centrifugal compressor impellers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD was employed in this study to predict the impeller-fluid interaction forces, which gives rise to the aerodynamic cross coupling. The procedure utilized in this study was developed by Moore and Palazzolo (2002, “Rotordynamic Force Prediction of Centrifugal Impeller Shroud Passages Using Computational Fluid Dynamic Techniques With Combined Primary Secondary Flow Model,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 123, pp. 910–918), which applied the method to liquid pump impellers. Their results showed good correlation to test data. Unfortunately, no such data exist for centrifugal compressors. Therefore, in order to validate the present model, comparisons will be made to predict the instability of an industrial centrifugal compressor. A parametric CFD study is then presented leading to a new analytical expression for predicting the cross-coupled stiffness for centrifugal impellers.
LES Predictions of Noise Emissions From a Low-Bypass Ratio Military Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Sinha N. , Erwin J. , Kannepalli C.
Published: November 2010

A practical framework for predicting jet structure and noise from military aircraft is described, which is developmental and has been examined for some fundamental jet flow problems. The framework currently utilizes Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) methodology for geometrically complex internal propulsive flowpaths and large eddy simulation (LES) methodology for the jet structure downstream of the nozzle exit. Temporal data from the LES solution is stored on a flared-cylindrical surface surrounding the jet, to be used for noise propagation to the farfield. Earlier applications of RANS methodology combined with the use of analogy-based jet noise codes proved inadequate due to the inability of the noise codes to treat complex 3D flows, such as those associated with multiple nozzles and/or with varied jet noise reduction concepts. Restricting the use of LES (or RANS/LES), methodology to free shear flows remedies the severe grid resolution issues that would be encountered with utilization of LES for modeling internal propulsive flows. The issue of “adequately” initiating the LES solution from a RANS solution profile just downstream of the nozzle exit has been the focus of our exploratory studies and is clearly more complex than standard procedures, such as recycling and rescaling techniques used for simple wall bounded flows. Approaches examined are discussed and unified RANS/LES solutions for several flows are described. The application of this framework to more complex flows requires no fundamental modifications as will also be discussed.
On-Line Quality Detection of Ultrasonic Wire Bonding via Refining Analysis of Electrical Signal From Ultrasonic Generator
Authors: Feng Wuwei , Meng Qingfeng , Xie Youbo , Fan Hong
Published: November 2010

A technique for on-line quality detection of ultrasonic wire bonding is developed. The electrical signals from the ultrasonic generator supply, namely, voltage and current, are picked up by a measuring circuit and transformed into digital signals by a data acquisition system. A new feature extraction method is presented to characterize the transient property of the electrical signals and further evaluate the bond quality. The method includes three steps. First, the captured voltage and current are filtered by digital bandpass filter banks to obtain the corresponding subband signals such as fundamental signal, second harmonic, and third harmonic. Second, each subband envelope is obtained using the Hilbert transform for further feature extraction. Third, the subband envelopes are, respectively, separated into three phases, namely, envelope rising, stable, and damping phases, to extract the tiny waveform changes. The different waveform features are extracted from each phase of these subband envelopes. The principal components analysis method is used for the feature selection in order to remove the relevant information and reduce the dimension of original feature variables. Using the selected features as inputs, an artificial neural network is constructed to identify the complex bond fault pattern. By analyzing experimental data with the proposed feature extraction method and neural network, the results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed feature extraction method and the constructed artificial neural network in detecting and identifying bond quality.
Economic evaluation of the removal of tobacco promotional displays in Ireland
Authors: Quinn Casey , Lewis Sarah , Edwards Richard , McNeill Ann
Published: November 2010

Aim

To evaluate the short-term economic impact of legislation removing point of sale tobacco promotional displays (ie, tobacco displays and other point of sale tobacco advertising) in Ireland, implemented July 2009, on cigarette sales across a range of categories of retail outlets.

Methods

Cigarette sales were evaluated using scanning (weekly data since January 2006) and audit data (bimonthly since November 2007) within different retail categories using data sourced from AC Nielsen, Ireland. Visual inspection and time-series regression techniques were used where appropriate to assess changes in sales over time and in relation to the legislation.

Results

No change was observed in sales data in any retail category over and above seasonal patterns and an underlying downward trend over time. Similarly, where available data enabled statistical analysis, there was no significant effect in the short term (up to 12 months after implementation) on retail sales of tobacco products, over and above seasonal and long-term trends.

Conclusions

Recent claims of substantial revenue losses and closures of small retailers as a direct result of the removal of point of sale tobacco promotional displays in Ireland are not borne out by these data. The removal of point of sale displays is aimed at reducing the pernicious effects of tobacco advertising on children and is therefore likely to have an impact on sales over a much more protracted time period. This should enable retailers to adapt over time, perhaps using such regulations as an opportunity to play a role in promoting healthier products in the local community.
Évolution estuarienne d'une rivière régularisée en climat sub-boréal : la rivière aux Outardes (côte nord du golfe du St-Laurent, Québec)
Authors: Cataliotti-Valdina D. , Long B. F.
Published: November 2010

The sedimentological evolution of the Rivière aux Outardes estuary was modified considerably during and after the construction of the hydroelectric dams on the river. Prior to 1965, the dominant river discharge was 1350 m3/s and the flood peak reached 2700 m3/s. Between 1965 and 1975, during the building activities, it fell to 430 m3/s and since 1955 it remained steady at 555 m3/s. Now, the variations range from 1300 m3/s during discharge periods to 0 m3/s during some filling periods. The most significant variations in the river discharge related to the creation of the reservoirs have modified the sedimentary equilibria and it is the aim of the present study to improve our understanding of the flow of the non-cohesive materials in the estuary.Before regulation, the sedimentary processes were dominated by seasonal variations of the river regime: the floods flushed out the fine material from the estuary. Between 1965 and 1975, the river discharge decreased, and the tidal wedge moved upstream. The erosion rate of the cliff edges decreased during working periods of regulation and the entry of marine material was increased particularly at the mouth of the river. The influence of the swell and the tide is more important than the effect of the river discharge.In the present estuarine system, the sedimentary budget is positive and the source of non-cohesive materials has been changed since the regulation of the river. The principal hydrodynamic processes in the estuarine environment of the Rivière aux Outardes are compared with those of non-regulated rivers in a subboreal climate, such as the Rivière St-Jean and the Rivière La Grande rivers. [Journal Translation]
Stratiform sulfide and barite–fluorite mineralization of the Vulcan prospect, Northwest Territories: exhalation of basinal brines along a faulted continental margin
Authors: Mako David A. , Shanks III Wayne C.
Published: November 2010

Laminated and massive sulfide (pyrite, sphalerite, galena) mineralization and massive barite – fluorite–galena lenses occur in Upper Silurian – Lower Devonian Road River Formation shales of the Vulcan property along the eastern flank of the Selwyn Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada. The 5 km thick stratigraphic section, ranging in age from Hadrynian through Mississippian, offers insight into the nature of the Mackenzie Platform – Selwyn Basin transition. Abrupt facies changes, synsedimentary faults, debris flows, local unconformities, and the presence of high-potassium mafic flows indicate extensional tectonics during deposition of the Road River Formation. Mineralization resulted from heated, metal-rich basinal brines that vented on the sea floor up normal faults.Sulfur-isotope studies indicate that both sulfate and sulfide were derived from the exhaling metalliferous brine. Sulfur-isotope data also suggest that reduction of sulfate in the brine occurred as a result of organic decomposition, possibly during thermal maturation of hydrocarbons at temperatures greater than 80 °C. Fluid inclusion observations indicate that the brine salinity reached 26 wt.% NaCl for at least a portion of the evolution of the hydrothermal system.Cooling of the brine during venting into bottom waters caused initial rapid precipitation of fine-grained barite, resulting in a baritic buildup above vent areas. Continued percolation of the brine through the baritic mound caused recrystallization of the barite and then the deposition of interstitial fluorite and galena. In other areas the dense ore fluid collected in topographic depressions, or brine pools, in which sulfide minerals accumulated under anoxic conditions. Location of hydrothermal vents, paleotopography, and intensity of hydrothermal activity were the main controls on the thickness, distribution, and grade of Vulcan mineralization.
Basalt geochemistry of the Explorer Ridge area, northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Cousens Brian L. , Chase R. L. , Schilling J. -G.
Published: November 2010

Forty-two fragments of young, fresh basalts, dredged from the Explorer Ridge, Paul Revere Ridge (Fracture Zone), and Dellwood Knolls, have been analysed for 34 major, minor, and trace elements, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios have been determined in seven of the fragments.The Explorer Ridge basalts have major element compositions similar to most mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), particularly to the iron-rich basalts of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. The basalts exhibit variability in trace element content, largely attributable to crystal fractionation at low pressure. With respect to MORB the incompatible minor and trace elements are weakly to strongly enriched in the Explorer samples, and are most strongly enriched in basalts from Explorer Deep. Adjacent ridge segments erupt basalts with variable incompatible element concentrations and ratios. This could be an indicator of a chemically heterogeneous mantle source, or may be the result of intermittent injection of enriched magmas from a hotspot beneath Explorer Deep. 87Sr/86Sr ratios are similar for both basalt types, and values are typical of most MORB.Based on their very different rare earth element patterns and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, the two Dellwood Knolls appear to have different mantle sources, one typically depleted and one chemically and radiogenically enriched.
Paleoclimatic significance of subpolar foraminifera in high-latitude marine sediments
Authors: Kellogg Thomas B.
Published: November 2010

Census data of subpolar planktonic foraminifera in high-latitude sediment cores obtained using a 149 μm mesh can be directly related to past surface water conditions. In contrast, analyses performed using material sieved with a 62 μm mesh produce results that must be interpreted with regard to past dissolution conditions of the local deep or bottom waters. This conclusion bears directly on the validity of several recent papers purporting to relate Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea paleo-oceanography with Wisconsinan glacial events in northeastern Canada.
Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Clearwater – Wells Gray area, British Columbia
Authors: Hickson Catherine J. , Souther J. G.
Published: November 2010

The Clearwater – Wells Gray area of east-central British Columbia includes a succession of late Cenozoic, alkali olivine basalt flows that lie east of the extensive Chilcotin lavas and define the eastern end of the Anahim Volcanic Belt. The rocks are petrographically similar to but less altered than the Chilcotin basalts. The volcanic activity spanned at least two episodes of glacial advance and produced both subaerial flows and a subaqueous facies comprising pillow lava, pillow breccia, and tuff breccia, locally intercalated with fluvial gravels and sand. Four morphological assemblages have been recognized. An early glacial assemblage, characterized by tuyalike forms, gives K – Ar dates of 0.27 – 3.5 Ma. These circular features are surrounded by a deeply dissected valley-filling assemblage of subaerial and minor subaqueous flows and tuff breccia that rest locally on lag gravel and till. Subaerial flows in this assemblage give K – Ar dates of 0.15 – 0.56 Ma. Whitehorse Bluffs, a volcanic centre composed of crudely laminated tuff cut by high-level dykes, may be a source of some of these valley-filling flows. A late interglacial assemblage is composed of subaerial pyroclastic material, transitional deposits, and deposits that are clearly subaqueous. Volcanic activity in the area culminated with the formation of pyroclastic cones, blocky lava flows, and pit craters that postdate the last Cordilleran glaciation.
Some magnetic properties of Athabasca Oil Sand samples, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Ellwood Brooks B. , Pemberton S. George
Published: November 2010

A number of induced and remanent magnetic measurements have been performed on 55 cubic samples, each 8 cm3, from a single segment of Athabasca Oil Sand core. Samples are representative of four major lithofacies types, which have been classified in the following manner: facies A—laminated, bitumen-free sediments; facies B—bioturbated (laminae are biologically disrupted to some degree), bitumen-free sediments; facies C—bioturbated sediments with moderate bitumen content; and facies D—massive sand, bitumen-rich sediments. Samples of facies D are divided into subfacies D1 and D2, based upon extremely high percentage values of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) observed for D2 samples. Magnetic fabric ranges progressively from undisturbed in samples of facies A to anomalous, considered highly disturbed, for samples of facies D2. Only samples of facies D record a stable remanent magnetization and, since the magnetic fabric is anomalous, it is inferred that the remanent magnetism may also be anomalous. It is concluded that zone D2 may result from locally high concentrations of authigenic magnetic minerals such as maghemite or siderite. Such D2 zones may prove to be useful stratigraphic markers in bitumen-saturated samples in which sedimentary structures are usually obscure.
Oxygen isotopic and chemical compositions of rocks of the Sudbury Basin, Ontario
Authors: Ding T. P. , Schwarcz H. P.
Published: November 2010

The whole-rock oxygen isotopic composition of the main units of the Sudbury Irruptive and surrounding rocks has been studied, using samples from two traverses of the North Range and one of the South Range. Norite has an average δ18O of 6.7‰, about 1‰ greater than that of fresh oceanic basalts, and similar to that of some continental basalts. Granophyre is slightly richer in 18O (δ18O = 7.3‰). In neither unit is there significant correlation between δ18O and SiO2 content or degree of alteration as estimated by water content or microscopic appearance. The pervasive hydrous alteration of norite and granophyre apparently occurred in the presence of a small volume of water whose isotopic composition was buffered by the igneous rocks. Inclusion-free devitrified glass ("melt rock") and matrix from the Onaping Formation have δ18O values in the range 6.2 – 12.1‰. Its average δ18O is 8.2‰, comparable to that of Archean gneiss [Formula: see text], as required by the model for the origin of the formation as a fallback breccia from a meteoritic impact. However, the chemical composition of the Onaping rocks requires an admixture of rocks much more mafic than typical Archean gneiss (e.g., greywackes or gabbros of the Southern Province). Norites of the South Range are 1‰ heavier than those of the North Range, possibly due to assimilation of 18O-rich rocks of the McKim Formation. It has been suggested that the granophyre was produced through assimilation of Onaping rocks by the norite; this is consistent with the oxygen isotopic composition of the three rock types but not with their chemical compositions, which show the granophyre to be more depleted in MgO than the Onaping Formation. The granophyre's chemical composition is consistent with an origin by differentiation from a magma with a composition equivalent to that of the transition (oxide-rich) gabbro.
Unusual ocellar textures in diabases from the Sarmiento ophiolite complex, Chile
Authors: Elthon D. , Hanson R. , Allen R. , Vergara H.
Published: November 2010

Unusual ocellar textures from the base of the sheeted dikes unit in the Sarmiento ophiolite are described. There are significant chemical differences between these ocelli and the surrounding diabasic matrix. The mesoscopic textural evidence and the chemical evidence suggest an origin of these ocelli by liquid immiscibility or magma mixing.
Paleozoic volcanic assemblages and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits near Tulsequah, British Columbia
Authors: Nelson Joanne , Payne John G.
Published: November 2010

New fossil, structural, and lithological evidence shows that the dominantly andesitic terrane near the junction of the Taku and Tulsequah rivers, northwestern British Columbia, is a proximal facies, roughly age equivalent to late Paleozoic tuffaceous and argillaceous sedimentary rocks exposed near Tatsamenie Lake, rather than of Late Triassic age as previously mapped. Fusulinids from the Tulsequah sequence are Middle Pennsylvanian, whereas the limestones at the top of the Paleozoic section near Tatsamenie Lake are of Permian age. The Tulsequah sequence hosts the Tulsequah Chief, Big Bull, and Ericksen – Ashby massive sulfide deposits, which arc associated with small bodies of rhyolite.
Evolution of a high-level, high-silica magma chamber: the Pattison pluton, Nisling Range alaskites, Yukon
Authors: Lynch G. V. , Pride C.
Published: November 2010

The Pattison pluton is a high-level, high-silica Tertiary alaskite intruding rocks of the Yukon Crystalline Terrane. The pluton is roughly circular in form with a diameter of about 18 km. The intrusion is cut by a series of shallowly dipping aplite dikes. Mineralogically, the alaskite body and the aplite dikes are very similar, but the pluton is divided into a series of phases based on texture and "stratigraphic" position: a fine-grained upper border phase, a medium-grained, graphic, strongly miarolitic, porphyritic phase, and a lower, coarser grained phase, contacts being gradational.No strong major element trends are found within the pluton (including the aplite dikes) because of eutectic crystallization. The trace elements, particularly Ba, Sr, Rb, Zr, and the REE, however, do show a liquid line of descent, with the upper border phase as the least differentiated and the aplite dikes as the most differentiated phases. Rayleigh fractional crystallization of quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase (and accessory allanite) in eutectic proportions readily accounts for the observed trends.The parental magma was water undersaturated (< 1.2% H2O). Crystallization of anhydrous phases led to water-saturated conditions late in the pluton's history. Volatiles migrated to and concentrated in the upper parts of the chamber where the melting temperature was depressed, causing the pluton to crystallize from the bottom up. The volatile pressure eventually exceeded the confining pressure, resulting in failure of the surrounding rocks, retrograde boiling, vertical extension, and lateral injection of residual magma caused by filter pressing to form the aplite dikes. The escaping volatile phase resulted in quartz veining and Mo mineralization.
The Mealy dykes, Labrador: petrology, age, and tectonic significance
Authors: Emslie R. F. , Loveridge W. D. , Stevens R. D.
Published: November 2010

The Mealy dykes constitute a major olivine diabase swarm in the Mealy Mountains, Grenville Province, Labrador. The dykes intrude anorthosites and monzonites of the Mealy Mountains complex and outcrop over an area of at least 4000 km2. The swarm strikes east-northeast and may constitute the largest group of unmetamorphosed diabase dykes in the Grenville Province.The Mealy dykes are moderately iron-rich olivine tholeiites, typically nonporphyritic. Thick dykes have coarse-grained interiors that show some fractionation but variations in bulk chemical composition are relatively modest. Olivine (Fo47–Fo27), plagioclase (cores An63–An47, rims An47–An30), and low-Ca augite are the principal silicate minerals. Coexisting magnetite and ilmenite suggest that solidus temperatures were about 980 °C and that subsolidus oxide re-equilibration continued to near 530 °C or perhaps lower.A whole-rock Rb–Sr (errorchron) age for the Mealy dykes yielded 1380 ± 54 Ma, Sr1 = 0.7028 ± 0.0002, which, within precision estimates, is the same as published ages for other basic rocks in the region including Shabogamo gabbros, Seal Lake basalts and diabases, Harp dykes, and Michael gabbros. Together, these rocks signify a major episode of crustal dilation in central and southern Labrador that succeeded widespread anorthosite–monzonite–quartz monzonite intrusion. K–Ar ages on hornblendes, biotites, and whole rocks imply that if prograde heating of the Mealy Mountains terrane occurred at all during the Grenvillian event it was restricted to greenschist grade or lower.
Stratigraphic position of Carboniferous Macgowanella and Sinopora? pascuali, Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Mamet Bernard L. , Nelson Samuel J.
Published: November 2010

Microfossils associated with Carboniferous Macgowanella and Sinopora? pascuali allow more precise age determinations than previously determined. Macgowanella, a possible bryozoan holdfast, is represented by two species, M. tenuiradiata (Warren) and M. stellata (Warren), both from the Viséan (Upper Mississippian, Meramecian) Mount Head Formation of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Microfossils indicate a correlation with upper Viséan Zone 14, equivalent to the lower upper Meramecian Marston/lower Opal members of the Mount Head Formation.The syringoporid coral Sinopora? pascuali is from near Kamloops, British Columbia. Microfossils support the Early Pennsylvanian date earlier assigned, correlating it with Zones 20 or 21, Bashkirian = Morrowan to basal Atokan.
Snowmelt infiltration to frozen Prairie soils
Authors: Granger R. J. , Gray D. M. , Dyck G. E.
Published: November 2010

The paper summarizes the results of 5 years of study of the interaction between snowmelt infiltration (INF), snow-cover water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture content at the time of melt (θp) for soils in the Brown and Dark Brown zones of the Canadian Prairies. It is shown that in uncracked soils the depth infiltrating water percolates into the soil during the melt sequence is, on the average, approximately 30 cm and that θp of the frozen layer at the soil surface (0–30 cm) is the dominant factor governing the amount of snowmelt infiltration, independent of soil texture and vegetative cover. Empirical expressions, in the form of power equations and graphs, are presented describing the relationship between the variables. Because of their simplicity they have direct practical application to a number of water management problems of the region. A conceptual model for describing the snowmelt infiltration phenomenon in operational water management schemes is presented. It divides the infiltration potential of Prairie soils into three broad categories: unlimited, limited, and restricted, based on the water entry, transmission, and storage properties of the frozen ground.
Quartz deformation in the Marquette and Republic troughs, Upper Peninsula of Michigan
Authors: Kappmeyer Janet , Wiltschko David V.
Published: November 2010

Quartz fabrics and microstructures in quartzites of the Mesnard and Goodrich formations were examined to better define the deformation and metamorphic history of the Marquette Synclinorium, northern Michigan. Fabric development is very weak in the whole-rock samples and indicates that mica contamination, extensive annealing, and (or) low imposed strains prevented the formation of distinct c-axis fabrics. However, well defined fabrics are preserved in five quartzite pebbles from the Goodrich conglomerate. Double maxima of varying intensities among these pebbles suggest that the northwest section of the district experienced inhomogeneous shear strain. Measured grain sizes yielded differential stresses ranging from 44 to 548 bar (4.4 to 54.8 MPa). Subgrain size data indicate stresses ranging from 151 to 248 bar (15.1 to 24.8 MPa). Dislocation densities determined by observed etch-pit densities using scanning electron microscopy indicate a range of stresses from 330 to 730 bar (33 to 73 MPa). Stress values from dislocation density measurements vary inversely with metamorphic intensity. Cumulatively, these microstructural data indicate that a low-stress regime of deformation preceded a cooler, higher stress pulse. The data also imply that deformation of the Marquette Synclinorium continued after peak metamorphism, contrary to early hypotheses.