bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynein light chain 1 induces assembly of large Bim complexes on mitochondria that stabilize Mcl-1 and regulate apoptosis
Authors: Singh Prafull Kumar , Roukounakis Aristomenis , Frank Daniel O. , Kirschnek Susanne , Das Kushal Kumar , Neumann Simon , Madl Josef , Römer Winfried , Zorzin Carina , Borner Christoph , Haimovici Aladin , Garcia-Saez Ana , Weber Arnim , Häcker Georg
Published: October 2017

The Bcl-2 family protein Bim triggers mitochondrial apoptosis. Bim is expressed in nonapoptotic cells at the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it is activated by largely unknown mechanisms. We found that Bim is regulated by formation of large protein complexes containing dynein light chain 1 (DLC1). Bim rapidly inserted into cardiolipin-containing membranes in vitro and recruited DLC1 to the membrane. Bim binding to DLC1 induced the formation of large Bim complexes on lipid vesicles, on isolated mitochondria, and in intact cells. Native gel electrophoresis and gel filtration showed Bim-containing mitochondrial complexes of several hundred kilodaltons in all cells tested. Bim unable to form complexes was consistently more active than complexed Bim, which correlated with its substantially reduced binding to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. At endogenous levels, Bim surprisingly bound only anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 but not Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL, recruiting only Mcl-1 into large complexes. Targeting of DLC1 by RNAi in human cell lines induced disassembly of Bim–Mcl-1 complexes and the proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 and sensitized the cells to the Bcl-2/Bcl-XL inhibitor ABT-737. Regulation of apoptosis at mitochondria thus extends beyond the interaction of monomers of proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members but involves more complex structures of proteins at the mitochondrial outer membrane, and targeting complexes may be a novel therapeutic strategy.
Dense Bicoid hubs accentuate binding along the morphogen gradient
Authors: Mir Mustafa , Reimer Armando , Haines Jenna E. , Li Xiao-Yong , Stadler Michael , Garcia Hernan , Eisen Michael B. , Darzacq Xavier
Published: October 2017

Morphogen gradients direct the spatial patterning of developing embryos; however, the mechanisms by which these gradients are interpreted remain elusive. Here we used lattice light-sheet microscopy to perform in vivo single-molecule imaging in early Drosophila melanogaster embryos of the transcription factor Bicoid that forms a gradient and initiates patterning along the anteroposterior axis. In contrast to canonical models, we observed that Bicoid binds to DNA with a rapid off rate throughout the embryo such that its average occupancy at target loci is on-rate-dependent. We further observed Bicoid forming transient “hubs” of locally high density that facilitate binding as factor levels drop, including in the posterior, where we observed Bicoid binding despite vanishingly low protein levels. We propose that localized modulation of transcription factor on rates via clustering provides a general mechanism to facilitate binding to low-affinity targets and that this may be a prevalent feature of other developmental transcription factors.
Simulations of Co-GISAXS during kinetic roughening of growth surfaces
Authors: Mokhtarzadeh Mahsa , Ludwig Karl F.
Published: October 2017

The recent development of surface growth studies using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy in a grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (Co-GISAXS) geometry enables the investigation of dynamical processes during kinetic roughening in greater detail than was previously possible. In order to investigate the Co-GISAXS behavior expected from existing growth models, calculations and (2+1)-dimension simulations of linear Kuramoto–Sivashinsky and non-linear Kardar–Parisi–Zhang surface growth equations are presented which analyze the temporal correlation functions of the height–height structure factor. Calculations of the GISAXS intensity auto-correlation functions are also performed within the Born/distorted-wave Born approximation for comparison with the scaling behavior of the height–height structure factor and its correlation functions.
No value-in-itself in About and on Behalf of Scriptum Est
Authors: Suominen Vesa
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to comment on Steven Laporte’s review of About and on Behalf of Scriptum Est by Suominen with the aim of clarifying conceptual confusions related to the notion of constitutive and the notion of value-in-itself in the review.

Design/methodology/approach

The notion of constitutive as it appears in the reviewed monograph and Laporte’s reasoning around the notion of value-in-itself as challenges to are discussed and their differences are analyzed.

Findings

The notion of value-in-itself appears problematic as the reviewed monograph already claims. The notion of constitutive provides us with a more plausible foundation for challenging the exclusively instrumentality-based views of the rationality of the practice of the library and librarianship. Compared to the notion of constitutive as used here, the notions used by Laporte remain abstract.

Originality/value

The notion of constitutive could be a key notion opening a perspective for conceiving of the historical, cultural, social, and political conditions of being of the humans as the foundation of the rationality of the library and librarianship.
On designing an oral history search system
Authors: Walker Iain , Halvey Martin
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a UK-based assessment of oral history technology and to identify the most important features that should be available in any oral history search system.

Design/methodology/approach

A co-design approach involving interviews and focus groups was adopted. The framework approach with elements of grounded theory was used to analyse transcripts to identify themes.

Findings

The analysis found that “ethics, consent and control”, “accessibility and engagement”, “publicity and awareness”, and “innovative technologies” were the four major themes identified. It was also established that there is limited understanding of oral history in the digital age, numerous interests, ethical concerns, lack of publicity and several key attributes that those designing an oral history search system or archive should strive for. The findings also identified that further exploration into sampling selected technologies on different user groups is required in order to develop software that would benefit the field.

Research limitations/implications

Participants were all recruited from one geographic region. The qualitative methodology utilised could be deemed to have elements of subjectivity.

Practical implications

This study has identified important features of any oral history search system and offered design recommendations for any developer of an oral history search systems.

Originality/value

This research has validated some previous findings for oral history search systems from more limited user studies. New issues for consideration including usability, software development and marketing have also been identified.
Multi-level analysis of institutional formation and change
Authors: Gérard Simon , Legg David , Zintz Thierry
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the multi-level mechanisms of institutional formation and change and, in particular, how this occurs through the interplay of multi-level mechanisms? This is answered with a processual analysis of the International Paralympic Committee which is the international governing body of sports for people with an impairment.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a case-study approach based upon archival records, collected in relevant national and international sport organizations. More than 2,700 pages of archives were gathered, some of them being accessible to researchers for the first time. Embargo was also successfully lifted on recent and sensitive documents.

Findings

This study highlights multi-level mechanisms involved in institutional change processes triggered by a shifting institutional logic at the organizational field level. This paper also shows how field logic shifted at the moment of alignment between the societal, field and organizational levels. Moreover, it underlines how societal discourses influenced processes of institutional change by shaping the range of organizational actions available at the organizational and field levels.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a rare account of institutional change processes in which interplay between the societal, field, and organizational levels is analyzed. Furthermore, this paper provides a longitudinal investigation of an under-researched empirical setting, the Paralympic movement. Finally, this study integrates insights from the disability studies’ research field, which significantly deepens this analysis.
Retracted: Metabolic parameters in psoriatic patients treated with interleukin‐12/23 blockade (ustekinumab)
Authors: Ng Chau Yee , Tzeng I‐Shiang , Liu Su‐Hsun , Chang Ya‐Ching , Huang Yu‐Huei
Published: October 2017

The associations between psoriasis, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events are increasingly recognized. Studies have shown decreased cardiovascular events with the treatment of methotrexate and anti‐tumor necrosis factor, however, effects of interleukin (IL)‐12/23 blockade remain debatable. Our study investigated the effect of IL‐12/23 blockade on the metabolic parameters in patients with psoriasis. We performed a retrospective cohort study to assess 93 consecutive patients with moderate to severe plaque type psoriasis who received IL‐12/23 blockade (ustekinumab) for 24 weeks between January 2012 and May 2016. Metabolic parameters and disease activity (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI] score) at baseline and 24 weeks of treatment were collected. At week 24, the disease activity improved significantly (P < 0.0001), with a significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conversely, body mass index was significantly elevated in PASI‐75 responders at week 24 of treatment and was independent of disease severity. Fasting sugar and triglyceride levels were also elevated at week 24 in both PASI‐75 responders and PASI‐75 non‐responders. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) remained unchanged. These metabolic parameters were not correlated with the improvement in disease severity after ustekinumab treatment. Nonetheless, the atherogenic index, LDL/HDL ratio and cholesterol/HDL ratio remained unchanged. Male sex and cigarette smoking are predictors of elevated plasma triglyceride levels. Our results suggest that despite tremendous improvement in disease activity after ustekinumab treatment, obesity, fasting sugar and hypertriglyceridemia still present in these patients. Regular screening of lipid profile, obesity control and smoking cessation are advised during the treatment of ustekinumab especially in male psoriatic patients with predisposing cardiovascular risks.
High tolerance of tropical sapling growth and gas exchange to moderate warming
Authors: Slot Martijn , Winter Klaus
Published: October 2017

The effects of global warming on tropical forest growth and carbon storage are uncertain. While observations on canopy trees indicate negative correlations between temperature and growth, some seedling studies suggest the opposite. These contrasting results may reflect ontogenetic differences in temperature responses, or differences between the performance of potted plants under controlled conditions and plants under more variable conditions in the field.

To try to bridge the gap between highly controlled experiments on small seedlings and field observations on canopy trees we conducted two sets of outdoor experiments on saplings up to 2.5 m tall; one set to study the effects of night warming, and another set on the effects of day warming. To test the hypothesis that night warming would reduce growth in tropical saplings through stimulation of respiration, we grew the early‐successional species Ochroma pyramidale in large 380‐L soil containers under ambient night‐time temperature and ambient +4.5°C. To test the hypothesis that day warming would reduce growth by reducing photosynthesis we compared plants in multi‐species and single‐species mesocosms rooted in the ground under ambient and passively warmed daytime conditions. In all experiments we monitored growth and measured foliar physiology and plant biomass allocation.

Neither night warming nor day warming significantly affected biomass accumulation and allocation. Height growth increased with night warming in O. pyramidale, but decreased with day warming in late‐successional species. Night warming resulted in acclimation of dark respiration. Day warming resulted in acclimation of photosynthesis in early‐successional species, but warming decreased photosynthesis in late‐successional tree species.

The seedling‐to‐sapling transition is a critical stage in the life of trees. We found no evidence that in this juvenile growth phase moderate increases in mean temperature reduce the performance of tropical trees, although increases in peak daytime temperature may negatively impact photosynthesis, especially in late‐successional species.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Polluter pays?: Understanding austerity through debt advice in the UK
Authors: Davey Ryan
Published: October 2017

Taking the case of funding models for free debt advice in the UK, this article argues that the anthropology of austerity has much to gain by asking what survives, or even thrives, under conditions of austerity. Beginning in the 1990s, flows of money from the retail financial industry to free debt advice organizations proliferated, generally upon an identified mutuality of interests between the two. This culminated in the establishment by the UK government of a bank levy in 2012, said to operate on the principle of ‘polluter pays’, replacing general taxation as the main source of funding for public debt advice. Yet as it stands, the bank levy fails as a potential alternative to austerity because it taxes the institutions that issue debt to the poor at high rates of interest in order to provide the poor with advice that increasingly cannot solve their problems.
Frequent immunoglobulin G4 expression in a common variant of primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Sun Jing Ru , Nong Lin , Liu Xiao Qing , Tu Ping , Wang Yang
Published: October 2017

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 expression was recently observed in a proportion of primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (PCMZL) with plasmacytic differentiation. IgG4‐related disease is characterised by polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with IgG4 expression, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis in histopathology. Here we report three cases of common variants of PCMZL with predominant and varied IgG4 expression, suggesting there is an underlying clonal progression between these two entities.
The menstrual cycle and blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Clark Nisse V. , Wang Karen C. , Opoku‐Anane Jessica , Hill‐Lydecker Catherine I. , Vitonis Allison F. , Einarsson Jon I. , Cohen Sarah L.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Operative morbidity of laparoscopic myomectomy largely relates to the potential for intraoperative blood loss. We sought to determine whether blood loss varies according to the menstrual cycle.

Material and methods

A retrospective study of 268 women who underwent a laparoscopic myomectomy from 2007 to 2012. Patients were categorized into five menstrual groups: follicular phase, luteal phase, oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic on hormonal therapy, postmenopausal or other. Patient and procedure characteristics were compared for the follicular phase group, luteal phase group, and hormonal therapy group. The estimated blood loss was compared across the five groups using a regression model.

Results

A total of 268 women underwent a laparoscopic myomectomy: 108 (40.3%) were in the follicular phase, 92 (34.3%) were in the luteal phase, 44 (16.4%) were on hormonal therapy, nine (3.4%) were postmenopausal, and 15 (5.6%) could not be classified. Baseline patient characteristics were similar between the groups with the exception of endometriosis. Geometric mean estimated blood loss was 91.9 mL in the follicular phase group, 108.7 mL in the luteal phase group, 114.1 mL in the hormonal therapy group, and 39.8 mL in the postmenopausal group. There was no significant difference in the geometric mean estimated blood loss when comparing the follilcuar phase, luteal phase, and hormonal phase groups (p = 0.41). Upon adjusted multivariable analysis of all five menstrual groups, there was also no difference in estimated blood loss.

Conclusions

Intraoperative blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy does not vary significantly with the phase of the menstrual cycle.
Antenatal corticosteroid treatment and placental pathology, with a focus on villous maturation
Authors: Um‐Bergström Miranda , Papadogiannakis Nikos , Westgren Magnus , Vinnars Marie‐Therese
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Mothers at risk of preterm birth are treated with antenatal corticosteroids, which have advantageous effects for prematurely born infants. Accelerated villous maturation in the placenta is also associated with improved perinatal outcome. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between antenatal corticosteroids and accelerated villous maturation. The secondary aim was to study associations with other placental pathologies.

Material and methods

A retrospective cohort study including 105 women who had (n = 75) or had not (n = 30) been treated with antenatal corticosteroids. The women gave birth between 22+0 and 26+6 weeks of gestation in Stockholm County between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2007. A pathologist blinded to all clinical data except gestational age examined the placental slides to identify pathology parameters. The outcomes were correlated with antenatal corticosteroid treatment, and confounding factors were adjusted using logistic regression.

Results

Accelerated villous maturation was significantly higher in the group treated with corticosteroids (odds ratio 16, 95% CI 2.4–690, p = 0.0005). After adjustment for gestational age and preeclampsia, the difference remained significant (odds ratio 8.9, 95% CI 1.2–389, p = 0.021). No significant associations were found regarding the secondary outcome variables, after adjusting for possible confounders.

Conclusions

Antenatal corticosteroid treatment before preterm birth is associated with accelerated villous maturation. This could be one of the pathways by which corticosteroids are beneficial for preterm infants.
Brands as labour rights advocates? Potential and limits of brand advocacy in global supply chains
Authors: Oka Chikako
Published: October 2017

There is a growing phenomenon of brand advocacy, where brands pressure a producer country government to take pro‐worker actions such as respecting the rights of activists and raising minimum wages. This article examines the potential and limits of brand advocacy by developing a conceptual framework and analysing three recent cases of brand advocacy in Cambodia's garment industry. The study shows that brands' action and influence are shaped by issue salience, mobilization structures, political opportunities/contexts, and resource dependency. This article makes both empirical and theoretical contributions. This is one of the first studies delving into the advocacy role of brands in promoting labour rights and conditions vis‐à‐vis government. Moreover, the article develops a testable framework specifying the conditions under which brands are likely to respond, act collectively, and influence government for pro‐worker change. It also offers novel insights by applying social movement lenses and casting brands as social movement actors.
Mid‐Holocene frozen ground in China from PMIP3 simulations
Authors: Liu Yeyi , Jiang Dabang
Published: October 2017

Extensive degradation of frozen ground in the mid‐Holocene is widely assumed on the basis of sparse proxy data. Here, the simulated soil temperature from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 is used to address this issue over China. By comparing with the results of a preindustrial (0 ka, baseline) simulation, we show that frozen ground in the mid‐Holocene (6 ka) simulation is degraded mainly in northeast China and on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The change follows closely orbitally induced variations in insolation. Quantitatively, permafrost area reduces by 0.02×106 km2 in northeast China in response to an orbitally induced increase in boreal summer insolation but increases by 0.08×106 km2 on the southern Tibetan Plateau due to local summer cooling. Changing values of active layer thickness vary greatly amongst different locations. On average, they are 3 and 4 cm thicker than the preindustrial values in northeast China and on the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. No degradation in seasonally frozen ground is detected over China as a whole. Regionally, its coverage increases by 0.21×106 km2 near the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley. In addition, the maximum depth of seasonal frost penetration is on average 8.5 cm deeper than preindustrial values due to widespread winter cooling. The changes in frozen ground are consistent amongst models. However, the models disagree with proxy data in terms of not only the changes in frozen ground but also climate. Further modelling improvements and adequate proxy data are both needed to fill in the gaps between models and the data in our knowledge of the mid‐Holocene frozen ground.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 inhibitors block laparotomy‐ and opioid‐induced infarct size reduction in rats
Authors: Heymann Helen M , Wu Yun , Lu Yao , Qvit Nir , Gross Garrett J , Gross Eric R
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose

In light of the opioid epidemic, physicians are increasingly prescribing non‐opioid analgesics to surgical patients. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) inhibitors are potentially alternative pain therapeutics for surgery. Here, we examined in rodents whether the cardioprotection conferred by two common procedures during surgery, a laparotomy or morphine delivery, is mediated by the TRPV1 channel. We further tested whether an experimental analgesic peptide (known as P5) targeted against the TRPV1 C‐terminus region interferes with laparotomy‐ or morphine‐induced cardioprotection.

Experimental Approach

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 30 min coronary occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion. Before ischaemia, a laparotomy with or without capsaicin application (0.1% cream, a TRPV1 activator) was performed. Additional rats were given morphine (0.3 mg·kg−1) with or without capsaicin. In addition, capsazepine (3 mg·kg−1, a classical TRPV1 inhibitor), or P5 (3 mg·kg−1, a peptide analgesic and TRPV1 inhibitor), was given either alone or prior to a laparotomy or morphine administration. Myocardial infarct size was determined.

Key Results

A laparotomy, in addition to combining a laparotomy with capsaicin cream, reduced infarct size versus control. Morphine, in addition to combining morphine administration with capsaicin cream, also reduced infarct size versus control. When TRPV1 inhibitors capsazepine or P5 were given, either TRPV1 inhibitor abolished the infarct size reduction mediated by a laparotomy or morphine.

Conclusions and Implications

Inhibiting the TRPV1 channel blocks laparotomy‐ or morphine‐induced cardioprotection. Impaired organ protection may be a potential pitfall of using TRPV1 inhibitors for pain control.
Preventive and therapeutic potential of ascorbic acid in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Moretti Morgana , Fraga Daiane Bittencourt , Rodrigues Ana Lúcia S.
Published: October 2017

In this review, we summarize the involvement of ascorbic acid in neurodegenerative diseases by presenting available evidence on the behavioral and biochemical effects of this compound in animal models of neurodegeneration as well as the use of ascorbic acid as a therapeutic approach to alleviate neurodegenerative progression in clinical studies. Ascorbate, a reduced form of vitamin C, has gained interest for its multiple functions and mechanisms of action, contributing to the homeostasis of normal tissues and organs as well as to tissue regeneration. In the brain, ascorbate exerts neuromodulatory functions and scavenges reactive oxygen species generated during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism. These are important properties as redox imbalance and abnormal protein aggregation constitute central mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Indeed, several studies have indicated an association between low serum ascorbate concentrations and neurodegeneration. Moreover, ascorbic acid is a suitable candidate for supplying either antioxidant defense or modulation of neuronal and astrocytic metabolism under neurodegenerative conditions. Ascorbic acid acts mainly by decreasing oxidative stress and reducing the formation of protein aggregates, which may contribute to the reduction of cognitive and/or motor impairments observed in neurodegenerative processes. Although several studies support a possible role of ascorbic acid administration against neurodegeneration, more researches are essential to substantiate the existing results and accelerate the knowledge in this field.
A real‐time prediction model for post‐irradiation malignant cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Lo W.‐C. , Cheng P.‐W. , Shueng P.‐W. , Hsieh C.‐H. , Chang Y.‐L. , Liao L.‐J.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To establish a real‐time predictive scoring model based on sonographic characteristics for identifying malignant cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in cancer patients after neck irradiation.

Methods

One‐hundred forty‐four irradiation‐treated patients underwent ultrasonography and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirations (USgFNAs), and the resultant data were used to construct a real‐time and computerised predictive scoring model. This scoring system was further compared with our previously proposed prediction model.

Results

A predictive scoring model, 1.35 × (L axis) + 2.03 × (S axis) + 2.27 × (margin) + 1.48 × (echogenic hilum) + 3.7, was generated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Neck LNs were considered to be malignant when the score was ≥ 7, corresponding to a sensitivity of 85.5%, specificity of 79.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 82.3%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 83.1%, and overall accuracy of 82.6%. When this new model and the original model were compared, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c‐statistic) were 0.89 and 0.81, respectively (P < .05).

Conclusions

A real‐time sonographic predictive scoring model was constructed to provide prompt and reliable guidance for USgFNA biopsies to manage cervical LNs after neck irradiation.
Metastatic small cell carcinoma with psammoma bodies: A diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Chia N. , Pang B. , Nga M. E.
Published: October 2017

Large three‐dimensional neoplastic cell aggregates and psammoma bodies are rare in metastatic small cell carcinoma and could represent a diagnostic pitfall, given their more frequent associations with adenocarcinoma. Careful attention to other classic cytomorphologic features is cardinal to the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma.
Überlegenheit der okzipitalen Entnahmestelle bei Spalthauttransplantationen in der Dermatochirurgie: Ergebnisse einer prospektiven, randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Kovacs Maximilian , Karsai Syrus , Podda Maurizio
Published: October 2017

Hintergrund

Spalthauttransplantationen gehören in den klinischen Alltag der Dermatochirurgie. Für okzipital entnommene Spalthauttransplantate liegen bereits retrospektive Beobachtungsstudien vor, die ein gutes operatives Ergebnis hinsichtlich der Ein‐ und Abheilrate postulieren. Trotzdem werden in der Mehrheit der Fälle in der Dermatochirurgie femorale Entnahmestellen gewählt. Eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie zum Vergleich der Entnahmestelle fehlt bisher.

Patienten und Methodik

108 Patienten wurden nach mikrographisch kontrollierter R0‐Resektion zur Defektdeckung mittels Spalthauttransplantat in zwei Gruppen randomisiert (Entnahmestelle Hinterkopf vs. Oberschenkel). Verlaufskontrollen wurden am Tag 3, 5, 7, 14, sowie nach einem und drei Monaten durchgeführt. Es erfolgte eine Dokumentation bezüglich Einheilrate des Transplantats, Reepithelisierungsrate an der Entnahmestelle, Schmerzhaftigkeit, kosmetisches Ergebnis, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) an der Entnahmestelle und am Transplantat, Patientenzufriedenheit sowie möglicher Komplikationen.

Ergebnisse

Die okzipitale Entnahmestelle zeigte eine signifikant schnellere Reepithelisierungsrate, weniger Schmerzhaftigkeit, weniger Komplikationen, ein besseres kosmetisches Ergebnis und hinterließ nach VSS eine qualitativ hochwertigere Narbe als die Entnahme am Oberschenkel. Hinsichtlich der Einheilrate im Defekt waren okzipital entnommene Transplantate den femoralen an den Tagen drei und fünf signifikant überlegen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Dies ist die erste randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie, die eine signifikante Überlegenheit der okzipitalen gegenüber der femoralen Entnahmestelle hinsichtlich Reepithelisierung, Schmerzen, des optischen Ergebnisses und des VSS zeigt.
S1‐Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Ichthyosen – Aktualisierung
Authors: Oji Vinzenz , Preil Marie‐Luise , Kleinow Barbara , Wehr Geske , Fischer Judith , Hennies Hans Christian , Hausser Ingrid , Breitkreutz Dirk , Aufenvenne Karin , Stieler Karola , Tantcheva‐Poór Illiana , Weidinger Stefan , Emmert Steffen , Hamm Henning , Perusquia‐Ortiz Ana Maria , Zaraeva Irina , Diem Anja , Giehl Kathrin , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kiekbusch Kirstin , Höger Peter , Ott Hagen , Traupe Heiko
Published: October 2017

Ichthyosen sind seltene genetische Hautkrankheiten, die den Kliniker vor mannigfache Herausforderungen stellen, insbesondere in Bezug auf das Stellen einer zutreffenden Diagnose und einer angemessenen therapeutischen Betreuung. Mit dieser Aktualisierung der deutschen Ichthyosis‐Leitlinie berücksichtigen wir jüngste diagnostische Fortschritte, die in die Konsensus‐Klassifikation von Sorèze mündeten und erarbeiten einen aktuellen Diagnose‐Algorithmus, der sowohl das klinische Bild als auch die Molekulargenetik dieser Erkrankungen berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus wird der heutige Wissensstand bezüglich therapeutischer Ansätze wie psychosozialer Unterstützung, Balneotherapie, mechanischer Schuppenlösung, topischer Salbentherapie und Systemtherapie mit Retinoiden erläutert und es werden allgemeine Aspekte wie die Indikation für Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie oder die Notwendigkeit einer umfassenden genetischen Beratung diskutiert. Diese Aktualisierung der deutschen Ichthyosis‐Leitlinie wurde durch eine interdisziplinär besetzte Leitlinienkonferenz verabschiedet, an der Dermatologen, Kinderärzte, Humangenetiker und Naturwissenschaftler teilnahmen und in die die deutsche Patientenorganisation Selbsthilfe Ichthyose e. V. eingebunden war.
Nichtinvasive Diagnostik in der Dermatologie
Authors: Welzel Julia , Schuh Sandra
Published: October 2017

Neben der Auflichtmikroskopie gibt es bildgebende und biophysikalische Methoden, mit denen Hautveränderungen nichtinvasiv diagnostiziert werden können. Die konfokale Lasermikroskopie ermöglicht eine hochauflösende Darstellung der Epidermis bis zur oberen Dermis. Sie eignet sich insbesondere zur Differenzialdiagnostik melanozytärer Läsionen. Die optische Kohärenztomographie hat eine geringere Auflösung bei besserer Eindringtiefe. Ihre Domäne ist die Diagnostik epithelialer Hauttumoren und insbesondere die Verlaufsbeobachtung unter nichtchirurgischen Therapien. Die elektrische Impedanzspektroskopie liefert keine Bilder der Haut, sondern berechnet einen Score, der durch die zelluläre Irregularität der Haut beeinflusst wird. Die Multispektralanalyse beleuchtet die Haut mit unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen und berechnet ebenfalls einen Score. Beide Methoden eignen sich zur Differenzialdiagnose zwischen dysplastischen Nävi und malignen Melanomen. Weitere bildgebende und biophysikalische Diagnosemethoden befinden sich noch in einem experimentellen Entwicklungsstadium.

Die Methoden ermöglichen eine Verbesserung der nichtinvasiven Diagnostik, indem sie die Sensitivität und Spezifität der klinischen und auflichtmikroskopischen Diagnostik erhöhen, Verlaufsbeobachtungen ermöglichen und Therapieeffekte quantifizieren können. Sie unterstützen die Früherkennung maligner Tumoren und helfen auf der anderen Seite, unnötige Exzisionen benigner Veränderungen zu vermeiden.
Cerebral palsy after assisted reproductive technology: a cohort study
Authors: Goldsmith Shona , Mcintyre Sarah , Badawi Nadia , Hansen Michele
Published: October 2017

Aim

To calculate the birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) after assisted reproductive technology (ART) and compare the clinical outcomes of children with CP after ART or natural conception.

Method

This cohort study used linked CP and ART register data from live births in Western Australia (1994–2002). Birth prevalence was calculated and data analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. It was adjusted for confounding variables and stratified by plurality and gestational age.

Results

In total, 211 660 live births were included; prevalence of CP was increased in children born after ART (7.2/1000 live births compared with naturally conceived births, 2.5/1000). Odds of CP were doubled for singletons; when stratified by gestational age odds were only increased in the under 32‐week group. Prevalence of CP was increased in ART (9.9/1000 live births) and naturally conceived twins (8.4/1000 live births). Clinical outcomes were similar between ART and naturally conceived children.

Interpretation

The birth prevalence of CP is increased two‐fold after ART. After stratification for gestational age and plurality, residual risk remains in singletons born very preterm. Birth prevalence of CP will be tracked over time to identify any impact of changes to clinical practice.

What this paper adds

In Western Australia, assisted reproductive technology (ART) increases birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP), mediated mostly by preterm and multiple births.

Preterm birth alone does not account for the doubled odds of CP for ART singletons born very preterm.

Clinical outcomes are similar between ART and naturally conceived children with CP.
The pediatric echocardiography Boot Camp: Four‐year experience and impact on clinical performance
Authors: Maskatia Shiraz A. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Morris Shaine A. , Altman Carolyn A.
Published: October 2017

Background

We previously reported on the short‐term impact of an echocardiography “Boot Camp” on a single class of cardiology fellows (CF). The impact of the Boot Camp on performance throughout fellowship is unknown.

Methods

We enrolled four classes of CFs and two classes of cardiac ICU fellows (CVs) prospectively into the Boot Camp and compared CFs to a historical cohort. Experience with echocardiography was surveyed. Outcome measures included written pre‐ and post‐Camp exams, a performance based test (PBT), self‐efficacy assessments, numbers of echocardiograms performed, and echocardiogram quality during the last 3 months of fellowship.

Results

A total of 25 CFs and 7 CVs participated in the Boot Camp from July 2012‐July 2015. Median experience score was 13/40 (4–23). Median self‐efficacy improved from 22/147 (range 21–45) to 90/147 (range 49–133) (P=<.001), and written scores from 14/29 (8–24) to 24/29 (13–29) (P<.001). CFs who completed the Boot Camp performed more independent echocardiograms compared to controls at the end of the 1st (37.7±12.2 vs 28.2±12.1, P=.15), 2nd (71.3±24.4 vs 47.6±16.0, P=.044), and third year of fellowship (130.4±44.0 vs 100.0±29.3, P=.230), and on average achieved 150 total echocardiograms in the 4.8th quarter compared to the 7.8th quarter in controls, P=.053. 2D quality scores were higher and shortening fraction more often obtained in echocardiograms performed by Boot Camp CFs compared to controls.

Conclusions

The pediatric echocardiography Boot Camp improved self‐efficacy, acquisition, and retention of echocardiography skills and knowledge, and increased echocardiogram performance. Observed differences between Boot Camp and control CFs appear to wane across fellowship.
Host plant and habitat preference of the endangeredEuphydryas maturna(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae): evidence from northernEurope
Authors: LINDMAN LY , REMM JAANUS , MEISTER HENDRIK , TAMMARU TOOMAS
Published: October 2017

1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate host plant and habitat preferences in the Estonian populations ofEuphydryas maturna, a regionally polyphagous but often locally specialised butterfly endangered in most parts of its European range.

2. Laboratory trials suggested thatFraxinus excelsior,Viburnum opulusandMelampyrum pratenseare plants recognised by ovipositing females as potential hosts. These plants also supported development of the larvae, with the poorest growth performance onM. pratense.

3. Both a transect count‐based habitat occupancy analysis and a country‐wide landscape occupancy analysis revealed the abundance ofF. excelsioras the primary determinant of the occurrence ofE. maturna. In contrast, the occurrence ofE. maturnawas not associated with habitats colonised byM. pratense.

4. The results suggest that European ash,F. excelsior, is the main, if not the only, host plant ofE. maturnain Estonia. The use ofV. opuluscannot be excluded, although, due the relative scarcity of this plant, an important role for it as a determinant of the distribution ofE. maturnais unlikely.Melampyrum pratenseis not likely an alternative host ofE. maturnain Estonia, which contrasts with the situation in neighbouring Finland.

5. This study adds to the evidence of geographical differences in host specialisation in melitaeine butterflies. The results imply that conservation actions should focus on securing the favourable status of the locally used host plant; the populations ofF. excelsiorare currently threatened by a fungal disease, ash dieback.
Spatial and temporal variation in host–parasitoid interactions: leafcutter ant hosts and their phorid parasitoids
Authors: ELIZALDE LUCIANA , PATROCK RICHARD J. W. , DISNEY R. HENRY L. , FOLGARAIT PATRICIA J.
Published: October 2017

1. Parasitoid–host interactions are important components of ecological communities. Although parasitoid–host interactions are strongly shaped by evolutionary history, the abundance of both the parasitoid and the host may have a role in determining the nature of the interaction once phylogenetic relationships are considered.

2. Leafcutter ants are hosts of phorid parasitoids and represent a well‐defined and specialised module within a larger network of ant–symbiont interactions. A low specificity host taxa and a positive association between host abundance and parasitoid interaction frequency were expected due to the close phylogenetic relatedness of the hosts.

3. The interactions among all species of leafcutter ants and their parasitoids were quantified in two localities with different species richness. This study also characterised the spatial‐temporal variability of these interactions, determined the patterns of parasitoid specificity and host selection, and tested for an association between host abundance and parasitoid interaction frequency.

4. Contrary to expectation, most parasitoid species were highly specialised and interaction frequency for parasitoid species was not related to host abundance. All host ant species were attacked by more than one phorid species. Some phorid species used more than one host species and showed preference for the same species over space and time, suggesting that there are physiological and/or behavioural restrictions on host use.

5. These results show that there is a tendency for specialisation even when hosts are highly similar in their ecology. From a biological control perspective, these parasitoids may be effective candidates, due to the high specificity of some species and little host‐use variation through time.
Ecological generalism facilitates the evolution of sociality in snapping shrimps
Authors: Brooks Katherine C. , Maia Rafael , Duffy J. Emmett , Hultgren Kristin M. , Rubenstein Dustin R.
Published: October 2017

Evidence from insects and vertebrates suggests that cooperation may have enabled species to expand their niches, becoming ecological generalists and dominating the ecosystems in which they occur. Consistent with this idea, eusocial species of sponge‐dwelling Synalpheus shrimps from Belize are ecological generalists with a broader host breadth and higher abundance than non‐eusocial species. We evaluate whether sociality promotes ecological generalism (social conquest hypothesis) or whether ecological generalism facilitates the transition to sociality (social transition hypothesis) in 38 Synalpheus shrimp species. We find that sociality evolves primarily from host generalists, and almost exclusively so for transitions to eusociality. Additionally, sponge volume is more important for explaining social transitions towards communal breeding than to eusociality, suggesting that different ecological factors may influence the independent evolutionary origins of sociality in Synalpheus shrimps. Ultimately, our results are consistent with the social transition hypothesis and the idea that ecological generalism facilitates the transition to sociality.
Multicenter clinical assessment of improved wearable multimodal convulsive seizure detectors
Authors: Onorati Francesco , Regalia Giulia , Caborni Chiara , Migliorini Matteo , Bender Daniel , Poh Ming‐Zher , Frazier Cherise , Kovitch Thropp Eliana , Mynatt Elizabeth D. , Bidwell Jonathan , Mai Roberto , LaFrance W. Curt , Blum Andrew S. , Friedman Daniel , Loddenkemper Tobias , Mohammadpour‐Touserkani Fatemeh , Reinsberger Claus , Tognetti Simone , Picard Rosalind W.
Published: October 2017

Objective

New devices are needed for monitoring seizures, especially those associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). They must be unobtrusive and automated, and provide false alarm rates (FARs) bearable in everyday life. This study quantifies the performance of new multimodal wrist‐worn convulsive seizure detectors.

Methods

Hand‐annotated video‐electroencephalographic seizure events were collected from 69 patients at six clinical sites. Three different wristbands were used to record electrodermal activity (EDA) and accelerometer (ACM) signals, obtaining 5,928 h of data, including 55 convulsive epileptic seizures (six focal tonic–clonic seizures and 49 focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures) from 22 patients. Recordings were analyzed offline to train and test two new machine learning classifiers and a published classifier based on EDA and ACM. Moreover, wristband data were analyzed to estimate seizure‐motion duration and autonomic responses.

Results

The two novel classifiers consistently outperformed the previous detector. The most efficient (Classifier III) yielded sensitivity of 94.55%, and an FAR of 0.2 events/day. No nocturnal seizures were missed. Most patients had <1 false alarm every 4 days, with an FAR below their seizure frequency. When increasing the sensitivity to 100% (no missed seizures), the FAR is up to 13 times lower than with the previous detector. Furthermore, all detections occurred before the seizure ended, providing reasonable latency (median = 29.3 s, range = 14.8–151 s). Automatically estimated seizure durations were correlated with true durations, enabling reliable annotations. Finally, EDA measurements confirmed the presence of postictal autonomic dysfunction, exhibiting a significant rise in 73% of the convulsive seizures.

Significance

The proposed multimodal wrist‐worn convulsive seizure detectors provide seizure counts that are more accurate than previous automated detectors and typical patient self‐reports, while maintaining a tolerable FAR for ambulatory monitoring. Furthermore, the multimodal system provides an objective description of motor behavior and autonomic dysfunction, aimed at enriching seizure characterization, with potential utility for SUDEP warning.
Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter
Authors: Harden Jennifer W. , Hugelius Gustaf , Ahlström Anders , Blankinship Joseph C. , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Lawrence Corey R. , Loisel Julie , Malhotra Avni , Jackson Robert B. , Ogle Stephen , Phillips Claire , Ryals Rebecca , Todd‐Brown Katherine , Vargas Rodrigo , Vergara Sintana E. , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Keiluweit Marco , Heckman Katherine A. , Crow Susan E. , Silver Whendee L. , DeLonge Marcia , Nave Lucas E.
Published: October 2017

Soil organic matter (SOM) supports the Earth's ability to sustain terrestrial ecosystems, provide food and fiber, and retains the largest pool of actively cycling carbon. Over 75% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top meter of soil is directly affected by human land use. Large land areas have lost SOC as a result of land use practices, yet there are compensatory opportunities to enhance productivity and SOC storage in degraded lands through improved management practices. Large areas with and without intentional management are also being subjected to rapid changes in climate, making many SOC stocks vulnerable to losses by decomposition or disturbance. In order to quantify potential SOC losses or sequestration at field, regional, and global scales, measurements for detecting changes in SOC are needed. Such measurements and soil‐management best practices should be based on well established and emerging scientific understanding of processes of C stabilization and destabilization over various timescales, soil types, and spatial scales. As newly engaged members of the International Soil Carbon Network, we have identified gaps in data, modeling, and communication that underscore the need for an open, shared network to frame and guide the study of SOM and SOC and their management for sustained production and climate regulation.
Hikeshi modulates the proteotoxic stress response in human cells: Implication for the importance of the nuclear function of HSP70s
Authors: Rahman Khondoker Md Zulfiker , Mamada Hiroshi , Takagi Masatoshi , Kose Shingo , Imamoto Naoko
Published: October 2017

Hikeshi mediates the heat stress‐induced nuclear import of heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70s: HSP70/HSC70). Dysfunction of Hikeshi causes some serious effects in humans; however, the cellular function of Hikeshi is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of Hikeshi depletion on the survival of human cells after proteotoxic stress and found opposite effects in HeLa and hTERT‐RPE1 (RPE) cells; depletion of Hikeshi reduced the survival of HeLa cells, but increased the survival of RPE cells in response to proteotoxic stress. Hikeshi depletion sustained heat‐shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) activation in HeLa cells after recovery from stress, but introduction of a nuclear localization signal‐tagged HSC70 in Hikeshi‐depleted HeLa cells down‐regulated HSF1 activity. In RPE cells, the HSF1 was efficiently activated, but the activated HSF1 was not sustained after recovery from stress, as in HeLa cells. Additionally, we found that p53 and subsequent up‐regulation of p21 were higher in the Hikeshi‐depleted RPE cells than in the wild‐type cells. Our results indicate that depletion of Hikeshi renders HeLa cells proteotoxic stress‐sensitive through the abrogation of the nuclear function of HSP70s required for HSF1 regulation. Moreover, Hikeshi depletion up‐regulates p21 in RPE cells, which could be a cause of its proteotoxic stress resistant.