bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splendeurs et misères de l'architecture des Rougon-Macquart
Authors: El Kettani Soundouss
Published: April 2010

With its strong presence in Les Rougon-Macquart , architecture is questioned in all its novelistic potentialities, from its ability to structure the characters' environment to its soothing durability in an incessantly changing world. Indeed, while being firstly destined to openness and verticality, Zola's architectural enterprise is shown to be condemned to a collapsing and a leveling both in terms of the story's events and in terms of the narration and description. In fact, the recurrent visual wasting away of architectural objects liken Zola's writing not only to impressionism, but also to pictorial abstraction, the ultimate manifestation of the fleeting sentiment that haunts the characters of Les Rougon-Macquart .
Mallarmé: Un (dé)placement avantageux dans la sphère symboliste
Authors: de Jesus Cabral Maria
Published: April 2010

Starting from "Déplacement avantageux" (1894) and from the perspective designed there by Mallarmé in the sense of an open approach and possibly somewhat outside of the French literary field, this paper aims to trace a new profile of the well-known "Master" of symbologists, to discover the mobility of his thought and his proactive presence in the literary sphere of the end of the century by shifting images crystallized by tradition: hermetism, obscurity, detachment from the social and historical reality of his time. In conformity with the cosmopolitan effervescence of a time so characteristically Francophile, Mallarmé did not close himself in a universe of signs. At the peak of Symbolism, which is also the peak of his notoriety, the poet spread out into a diversified network of activities and contacts inside and out of the Hexagon assuming his role of mentor of the "poetic (r)evolution," which originated from a challenging crisis situation - "exquise, fondamentale" - in the beginning of modernity.
Rachilde ou la genèse (possible) de Monsieur Vénus
Authors: Sanchez Nelly
Published: April 2010

Loin de prétendre résoudre le mystère qui entoure Monsieur Vénus (1884), notre article se propose de comparer les différentes versions que Rachilde donna pour justifier l'écriture d'un tel roman. Certaines contradictions seront ainsi mises en lumière, comme la présence de ce journaliste, Francis Talman. Nous nous intéresserons également à la jeunesse de Rachilde et à sa relation encore mal connue avec la chroniqueuse Camille Delaville dont certaines lettres, adressées à la romancière Georges de Peyrebrune, fournissent d'intéressants détails sur Monsieur Vénus . A commencer par le fait que Rachilde allait en lire des chapitres au Chat Noir , cabaret où se réunissaient les Hydropathes. Cette étude ne serait pas complète si les raisons qui ont poussé Rachilde à déguiser la véritable genèse de ce titre, à qui elle doit sa sulfureuse renommée, n'étaient examinées.
Haunting the Nouveaux Riches: Bohemia in Mérimée's "La Vénus d'Ille" and "Carmen"
Authors: Cropper Corry L.
Published: April 2010

As Inspector of Historical Monuments, Prosper Mérimée traveled extensively throughout France and became keenly aware of how Orleanist policies transformed the country's social and economic power structure. What seemed to trouble him the most was the rise of a certain bourgeois morality that reinforced this emerging power structure by putting money ahead of love, chastity ahead of freedom, the social dit-on over real charity and virtue. Mérimée's most iconic narratives of the July Monarchy period, "La Vénus d'Ille" and "Carmen," parody and undermine this new dominant morality by fictionally allegorizing the tensions between Parisian bohemia and the new middle class.
La Puissance fantastique de la femme vampire dans "La Morte amoureuse"
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: April 2010

"La Morte amoureuse" (1836), récit fantastique de Théophile Gautier, met en avant les expériences érotiques, ainsi que les fonctions littéraires d'une femme vampire, qui révèlent toutes une forte puissance transgressive, celle de résister violemment à la mort. Basé sur une analyse textuelle, cet essai tend à montrer que c'est la dynamique du monstre féminin qui constitue le motif de l'étrangeté et de l'originalité qui rend cet ouvrage "immortel" dans les trésors de la littérature fantastique. Ce cas unique, en concrétisant le "pacte" de la fonction du surnaturel dans Introduction de la littérature fantastique de Todorov, exemplifi e surtout l'importance du fantôme au féminin dans l'évocation du "phénomène étrange."
The Bed and the Book: J.-K. Huysmans's Crucibles of Suffering
Authors: Ziegler Robert E.
Published: April 2010

In J.-K. Huysmans's later novels, the bed and the book are crucibles in which suffering effects an alchemical transmutation: of bodily degradation into spiritual enlightenment, of existential nonsense into order, style, and beauty. A gendered topos, a woman's bed corresponds to the page on which male intelligence is displayed. As the alchemy of language transforms a man's ideas into poetry, "cette divine Alchimie qu'est la douleur" ( Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam ) gives a purpose to women's torments, refining an abject body into an instrument of redemption. While men sit writing at their desks, "la femme se tord en silence sur un lit" ( Sainte Lydwine ). This essay examines these two symbolic sites: the bed and book as retorts in which the alchemical processes of art and religion take place.
Consciousness of the Exotic and Exotic Consciousness in Chateaubriand
Authors: Porter Laurence M.
Published: April 2010

Chateaubriand's many works set in exotic places speak in several voices: that of l'enchanteur , the spell-binding descriptive prose poet and rhetorician; of the scholar drawing on accounts by travelers and historians; and of the covert autobiographer. Less attention has been paid to Chateaubriand's representations of the voices of the ethnic other, particularly, of Native Americans. This essay examines instances when his depiction of Native American discourse is patently ventriloquized, distorted, or subverted. Nevertheless - if only through psychic projection and fantasized identifi cation - Chateaubriand's apocalyptic vision conveys real affinities between the experience of French aristocrats under the Revolution, and tribes facing colonization, expropriation of their lands, and genocide.
Zola, lecteur de Renan
Authors: Anfray Clélia C.
Published: April 2010

Malgré son aversion pour la rhétorique et les conceptions idéalistes de l'exégète, Zola est fortement influencé par la Vie de Jésus et le Saint Paul de Renan. Le romancier les étudie à travers une vingtaine d'articles et s'en inspire pour ses romans. Le Rêve et le Docteur Pascal prolongent les réflexions de la Vie de Jésus sur le miracle et le messie. Mais c'est surtout saint Paul qui, par son pragmatisme, frappe l'imagination de Zola. Aussi Saint Paul , dont les questions religieuses sont transposées politiquement dans Germinal , inspire-il la métaphore de la mine et la comparaison entre socialisme et christianisme.
Genes, Memes, and the Chinese Concept of Wen : Toward a Nature/Culture Model of Genetics
Authors: Botz-Bornstein Thorsten
Published: April 2010

The Chinese concept of wen is examined here in the context of contemporary gene theory and the "cultural branch" of gene theory called "memetics." The Chinese notion of wen is an untranslatable term meaning "pattern," "structure," "writing," and "literature." Wen hua —generally translated as "culture"—signifies the process through which one adopts wen . However, this process is not simply one of civilizational mimesis or imitation but the "creation" of a new pattern. Within a gene- wen debate we are able to read genes neither in terms of nature or culture but, in a Chinese way, in terms of "nature-culture." "Posthuman" or "transhuman" models that celebrate the creation of techno-bio bodies (cyborgs) as the continuation of the human by nonhuman means are still dependent on a clear distinction between nature and technology (culture) that is rooted in the Greek and Christian traditions. Bioengineering does not do more than gradually replacing the "given" by the "made" until the body is seen as a commodity malleable in the hands of modern technology. A wen -based genetics offers a new perspective on nature-culture continuity because it is not trapped in nature but involved in a concept of wen that a Western mind tends to identify too quickly with natural necessity.
Grounding "Language" in the Senses: What the Eyes and Ears Reveal about Ming 名 (Names) in Early Chinese Texts
Authors: Geaney Jane
Published: April 2010

For understanding early Chinese "theories of language" and views about the relation of speech to a nonalphabetic script, a thorough analysis of early Chinese metalinguistic terminology is necessary. This article analyzes the function of ming 名 (name) in early Chinese texts as a first step in that direction. It argues against the regular treatment of this term in early Chinese texts as the equivalent of "word." It examines ming in light of early Chinese ideas about sense perception, the mythology about the origin or music and writing, and changes occurring in the writing system in the third century b.c.e. This lays the groundwork for a more informed response to Derrida's speculation about Chinese logocentrism. It is explained that, in early Chinese texts, certain concepts associated with logocentrism (e.g., reality/appearance, presence/absence) function in a way that is neither the same as, nor exactly the reverse of, the Western philosophical episteme. Thus, attempts to reconstruct attitudes toward "language" in early China should note the importance of sound in interpreting ming . Moreover, interpretations of apparent denigrations of writing in early Chinese texts should, before diagnosing logocentrism, consider the context of the reliability of the visual.
Confucianizing Socrates and Socratizing Confucius: On Comparing Analects 13:18 and the Euthyphro
Authors: Murphy Tim , Weber Ralph
Published: April 2010

An apparently quite specific question that was addressed by both Confucius and Socrates has attracted much attention in Sino-Hellenistic comparative philosophy. Their respective responses to the question of how a son should respond if his father commits a crime are found in Confucius' Analects 13:18 and in Plato's Euthyphro . This essay assesses three comparative analyses of these responses with particular reference to their underlying assertions of commonality, that is, the assumptions or presuppositions of commonality that serve to justify the comparative exercise in the first instance. The authors suggest that two of the analyses assert commonality between their two responses from a Confucian standpoint, while the third constructs commonality from a Socratic standpoint. The authors argue that the response of Confucius focuses specifically on the issue of xiao (filial piety) in the concrete situation presented to him, whereas Socrates uses the issue to investigate the different question known as the "Euthyphro dilemma." Some brief conclusions are drawn regarding comparative philosophical analysis in general and about comparing the responses of Confucius and Socrates in these passages in particular.
Al-Ghazali and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola on the Question of Human Freedom and the Chain of Being
Authors: Truglia Craig
Published: April 2010

The person most often credited as the first to free humanity from its bonds in the chain of being was the Renaissance humanist Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. Scholars have asserted that Pico's chain-of-being doctrine was either inspired or predated by earlier European thinkers, namely Marsilio Ficino, Nicholas of Cusa, Allan of Lille, and John Scotus Eriugena. By analyzing the works of the previously listed philosophers, this article argues that Pico's philosophical doctrine was in fact predated by no European writer. Instead, as the analysis of his works will show, the Muslim mystic al-Ghazali was the first to elucidate the ideas that are presently att ributed to Pico. Furthermore, after researching Pico's library and scholarly development, the possibility that Pico was inspired by al-Ghazali's writings is assessed. It may be the case that a large part of the philosophical underpinning of Renaissance Humanism has its origins in eleventh-twelfth century Muslim thought.
The Rehabilitation of Spontaneity: A New Approach in Philosophy of Action
Authors: Bruya Brian J.
Published: April 2010

Scholars working in philosophy of action still struggle with the freedom/determinism dichotomy that stretches back to Hellenist philosophy and the metaphysics that gave rise to it. Although that metaphysics has been repudiated in current philosophy of mind and cognitive science, the dichotomy still haunts these fields. As such, action is understood as distinct from movement, or motion. In early China, under a very different metaphysical paradigm, no such distinction is made. Instead, a notion of self-caused movement, or spontaneity, is elaborated. In this article a general conception of spontaneity from early Daoism is explained, detailing its constituent aspects. Similar notions appeared from time to time in Western philosophy, and these instances are pursued, exploring how their instantiations differed from Daoist spontaneity and why. Based on these approximate examples of spontaneity and on early Daoist spontaneity, new criteria are postulated for a plausible theory of action that dispenses with presuppositions that eventuate in a freedom/determinism dichotomy, and instead the possibility is offered of a general model of action that can be applied smoothly across current philosophical and cognitive scientific subdisciplines.
The limits of time and transitions: challenges to theories of sequential image comprehension
Authors: Cohn Neil
Published: April 2010

The juxtaposition of two images often produces the illusory sense of time passing, as found in the visual language used in modern comic books, which creates the sense that this linear sequence presents a succession of moments or temporal units. Author and theorist Scott McCloud took
this view to an extreme, proposing that sequential images are guided by a notion that time space (McCloud 2000), because this temporal passage occurs on a spatial surface. To McCloud, this temporal mapping results in a movement of time with a movement of space. This sense of temporality, then,
is the essence of comics, which is manifested in McCloud's taxonomy of transitions of panel-to-panel relationships (McCloud 1993). While less specific, this same type of essence of connection can be reflected in Groensteen's types of arthrology across a linear sequence or disparate panels
in a broader text (Groensteen 1999).

However, numerous problems arise with McCloud and Groensteen's approaches to graphic narrative. This article will explore how the linearity of reading panels and the iconicity of images create various false assumptions about the conveyance of meaning
across sequential images' depictions of space and time. With numerous examples, it will argue that any linear panel-to-panel analysis (such as McCloud's (1993) panel transitions) or loosely defined principles of connection (such as Groensteen's (1999) arthrology) between sequential images
are inadequate to account for their understanding. The conclusion is that sequential image comprehension must be thought of as the union of conceptual information that is grouped via unconscious hierarchic structures in the mind. As such, the study of the comprehension of the visual language
used in comics must be placed in the cognitive sciences.
Reviews
Authors: Edwards Andrew
Published: April 2010

Reading Comics: How They Work and What They Mean, Douglas Wolk (2008) First Edition, Cambridge, MA, USA: Da Capo Press, 416 pp., 0306815095, Hardback, 13.99, 0306816164, Paperback, 9.99
Discerning pictures: how we look at and understand images in comics
Authors: Medley Stuart
Published: April 2010

Scott McCloud (1993) has used a realism continuum to classify comics characters between the points of realism and iconic abstraction. Before him, other theorists (Gropper 1963; Knowlton 1966; Dwyer 1972; Wileman 1993) have used this continuum as a means to judge the communicative and
instructional potential of pictures as they become more distant from the realistic.

At the same time, all comic artists employ at least some level of distillation or abstraction, some removal of realistic detail. This approach can allow for other design aspects to be emphasized in or imposed
upon the comics' panels: such as line, shape, colour, orientation and composition. These attributes in turn accentuate connections or relationships that are less apparent in realistic images.

But what are the psychological mechanisms by which we understand images abstracted away from realism,
and how might knowledge of these help to build an understanding of comics' formal properties and contribute to the theory of comics? This article explores some important faculties of the human visual system, labelled by psychologists as perceptual constancies. Examples from comics are used
to illustrate these faculties put to work by visually literate artists. The mechanics of caricature are also explained in terms of their importance to how the mind remembers images. Caricature, and not realism, is a mechanism for visual memory.

There is a difference in the way images communicate
depending on their realism quotient and this difference is key to the way that comics communicate, whether their artists are aware of this fact or not. Distillation and exaggeration can actually communicate more powerfully to the psyche than the real thing. This article explains why this knowledge
should be central to an understanding of comics.
Managing Conflicting Stakeholder Interests: An Exploratory Case Analysis of the Formulation of Corporate Social Responsibility Standards in the Netherlands
Authors: Ingenbleek Paul T.M. , Immink Victor M.
Published: April 2010

The formulation of corporate social responsibility standards must deal with conflicting interests among stakeholders. The standards formulation process occurs at the junction between market stakeholders and special interest groups, which implies that it may help increase understanding of the marketing–society relationship. Drawing on the power and urgency dimensions of stakeholder identification theory and decision process analysis, this study examines four case studies pertaining to animal welfare issues in food marketing. The standards formulation processes contain control mechanisms that solve the potential conflicts between stakeholders by constraining commercial and/or special interests. These mechanisms vary in the degree to which discussion centers on the relationship between commercial and special interests, the presence of new parties that may alter the negotiations, the stage at which special interest groups become involved in the process, and the extent to which commercial and special interests constrain each other. The findings have critical implications for how companies and their stakeholders can organize the process of formulating corporate social responsibility standards.
Synaptic Activity Controls Dendritic Spine Morphology by Modulating eEF2-Dependent BDNF Synthesis
Authors: Verpelli Chiara , Piccoli Giovanni , Zibetti Cristina , Zanchi Alice , Gardoni Fabrizio , Huang Kun , Brambilla Dario , Di Luca Monica , Battaglioli Elena , Sala Carlo
Published: April 2010

Activity-dependent changes in synaptic structure and spine morphology are required for learning and memory, and depend on protein translation. We show that the kinase for eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2K) regulates dendritic spine stability and synaptic structure by modulating activity-dependent dendritic BDNF synthesis. Specifically RNAi knockdown of eEF2K reduces dendritic spine stability and inhibits dendritic BDNF protein expression; whereas overexpression of a constitutively activated eEF2K induces spine maturation and increases expression of dendritic BDNF. Furthermore, BDNF overexpression rescues the spine stability reduced by RNAi knockdown of eEF2K. We also show that synaptic activity-dependent spine maturation and dendritic BDNF protein expression depend on mGluR/EF2K-induced eEF2 phosphorylation. We propose that the eEF2K/eEF2 pathway is a key biochemical sensor that couple neuronal activity to spine plasticity, by controlling the dendritic translation of BDNF.
M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Expression Confers Differential Cholinergic Modulation to Neurochemically Distinct Hippocampal Basket Cell Subtypes
Authors: Cea-del Rio Christian A. , Lawrence J. Josh , Tricoire Ludovic , Erdelyi Ferenc , Szabo Gabor , McBain Chris J.
Published: April 2010

Cholinergic neuromodulation of hippocampal circuitry promotes network oscillations and facilitates learning and memory through cellular actions on both excitatory and inhibitory circuits. Despite widespread recognition that neurochemical content discriminates between functionally distinct interneuron populations, there has been no systematic examination of whether neurochemically distinct interneuron classes undergo differential cholinergic neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Using GFP transgenic mice that enable the visualization of perisomatically targeting parvalbumin-positive (PV+) or cholecystokinin-positive (CCK+) basket cells (BCs), we tested the hypothesis that neurochemically distinct interneuron populations are differentially engaged by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation. Cholinergic fiber activation revealed that CCK BCs were more sensitive to synaptic release of ACh than PV BCs. In response to depolarizing current steps, mAChR activation of PV BCs and CCK BCs also elicited distinct cholinergic response profiles, differing in mAChR-induced changes in action potential (AP) waveform, firing frequency, and intrinsic excitability. In contrast to PV BCs, CCK BCs exhibited a mAChR-induced afterdepolarization (mADP) that was frequency and activity-dependent. Pharmacological, molecular, and loss-of-function data converged on the presence of M3 mAChRs in distinguishing CCK BCs from PV BCs. Firing frequency of CCK BCs was controlled through M3 mAChRs but PV BC excitability was altered solely through M1 mAChRs. Finally, upon mAChR activation, glutamatergic transmission enhanced cellular excitability preferentially in CCK BCs but not in PV BCs. Our findings demonstrate that cell type-specific cholinergic specializations are present on neurochemically distinct interneuron subtypes in the hippocampus, revealing an organizing principle that cholinergic neuromodulation depends critically on neurochemical identity.
Cardiovascular risk factors and arterial rigidity are similar in asymptomatic normocalcemic and hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tordjman Karen M , Yaron Marianna , Izkhakov Elena , Osher Etty , Shenkerman Galina , Marcus-Perlman Yonit , Stern Naftali
Published: April 2010

Objective

It is still uncertain whether mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) carries the same risk for increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity as the more severe symptomatic form. In recent years, the even more subtle normocalcemic (NC) variant is being increasingly recognized. We sought to compare the prevalence of CV risk factors in patients with NC- and hypercalcemic (HC)-PHPT, and to examine whether they differ on a battery of non-invasive vascular parameters.

Design/subjects/methods

A retrospective study of two cohorts of patients with PHPT in a referral center: 32 subjects with NC-PHPT and 81 subjects with HC-PHPT, compared for the presence of clinical and biochemical risk factors, and CV morbidity. Non-invasive parameters of arterial stiffness (augmentation index; pulse wave velocity; and vascular compliance indices, C1 and C2) were extracted from the data of gender- and age-matched subsets of these patients, and were related to those of a group of matched control subjects.

Results

Despite a similar prevalence of hypertension (∼62%), hyperlipidemia (∼30%), and impaired glucose metabolism in both PHPT groups, CV or cerebrovascular disease was more common in the HC-PHPT group (24.7 vs 3.1%,P=0.007). Arterial stiffness parameters did not differ in the three groups, and were unrelated to serum calcium or parathyroid hormone concentration.

Conclusions

NC-PHPT and HC-PHPT subjects exhibit similar high rates of traditional CV risk factors, and have comparable indices of arterial stiffness. The lower clinical CV morbidity observed with NC-PHPT remains unexplained, and requires confirmation. Until then, the CV risk associated with NC-PHPT should not be underestimated.
Tracking the rejection and survival of mouse ovarian iso- and allografts in vivo with bioluminescent imaging
Authors: Chen Chi-Huang , Yeh Yu-Chi , Wu Gwo-Jang , Huang Yen-Hua , Lai Wen-Fu Thomas , Liu Jah-Yao , Tzeng Chii-Ruey
Published: April 2010

The applications ofin vivobioluminescent imaging (BLI) with a luciferase reporter gene occur widely across biomedical fields. Luciferase-transgenic mice are highly useful donors for tracking transplanted ovarian tissues. Realizing the full potential of this system may greatly benefit the study of the physiological behaviour and function of transplanted grafts, and the rapid and reliable evaluation of new transplantation protocols. The ovarian tissues of donor FVB/N-Tg(PolII–Luc)Ltc transgenic mice, with a luciferase transgene as the reporter, were transplanted into iso/allogeneic recipients. Rejection, ovarian function and BLI were quantitatively analysedin vivoover time. The BLI of the ovarian isografts revealed longer survival than that of allografts, even with cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. The CD4+/CD8+ratios of peripheral T-cells were significantly reduced in allografts compared with those in isografts (P<0.0001) during rejection, whereas CD19+cell numbers were higher in allografts. The infiltration of CD4+/CD8+cells into the graft was unremarkable in isografts from day 1, but was strong in allografts from day 8 onwards. Hormone activity revealed complete oestrus cycles in the isografts but only the dioestrus stage in the allografts. These results demonstrate that BLIin vivoexpedites the fast throughput and fate maps of ovarian grafts. The use of BLI to longitudinally monitor ovarian grafts for immunorejection demonstrated the short survival of allografts and the much longer survival of isografts. CsA treatment alone is ineffective against the acute rejection of ovarian allografts.
Reconstruction of Severely Atrophic Jaws Using Homografts and Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Viscioni Alessandro , Rigo Leone , Franco Maurizio , Brunelli Giorgio , Avantaggiato Anna , Sollazzo Vincenzo , Carinci Francesco
Published: April 2010

In the past decade, several investigators have reported that implants inserted in autografts in the same operation (ie, simultaneously inserted implants [SIIs]) have achieved excellent results. However, no report regarding SIIs placed in fresh frozen bone (FFB) is available. Thus, the authors planned a retrospective study on a series of SIIs placed in homologue FFB (but not immediately loaded) to evaluate their clinical outcome. In addition, a comparison with implants inserted in FFB in a second stage (ie, delayed inserted implants) was performed. Seventeen patients were grafted with FFB, and 48 implants were inserted in the same operation. Implant diameter and length ranged from 3.25 to 4.0 mm and from 10.0 to 15 mm, respectively. Data were compared with 302 implants inserted in FFB in a second operation during the same period in 64 patients. Analyzing SIIs, it was noted that only 3 implants were lost (ie, survival rate [SVR]  =  93.7%), and no differences were detected among the studied variables by using lost implants as a predictor of clinical outcome. On the contrary, by using crestal bone resorption around the implant's neck and specific cutoff values, it was possible to demonstrate that prosthetic restoration (ie, removable overdentures) correlated with a statistically significant lower delta insertion abutment junction (ie, reduced crestal bone loss) and thus with a better clinical outcome. By comparing SIIs with implants inserted in a second stage in FFB, a better outcome for delayed implants was demonstrated. Implants inserted simultaneously with FFB grafts had a high survival and success rate. SIIs inserted in FFB can be considered reliable devices, although a higher marginal bone loss is to be expected when fixed prosthetic restorations are used. Implants inserted in a second surgical stage have a better SVR and success rate than SIIs.
Qualidade de vida e transtornos alimentares: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Tirico Patrícia Passarelli , Stefano Sérgio Carlos , Blay Sergio Luís
Published: April 2010

O objetivo foi fazer uma revisão sistemática dos estudos que avaliam qualidade de vida em pessoas com transtornos alimentares. Foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas em seis bases de dados e buscas manuais em duas revistas, abrangendo o período de janeiro de 1975 até junho de 2008. As estratégias de busca forneceram um total de 29.537 referências. Quarenta e um estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão desta revisão e 36 foram analisados no presente trabalho. De modo geral, os estudos revelam prejuízos na qualidade de vida de pacientes com transtornos alimentares quando comparados a grupos normais ou outras patologias psiquiátricas. O aspecto mental da qualidade de vida mostra-se mais prejudicado. A avaliação da qualidade de vida em sujeitos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica revela prejuízos nos aspectos físico e mental da qualidade de vida. Há pouca evidência e discussão para indivíduos com bulimia nervosa isoladamente. Em sujeitos com anorexia nervosa, a avaliação requer cautela, já que o aparente menor impacto físico pode ser reflexo da psicopatologia específica deste transtorno e não do funcionamento saudável.
Prevalência de adultos e idosos insuficientemente ativos moradores em áreas de unidades básicas de saúde com e sem Programa Saúde da Família em Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Alves João Guilherme Bezerra , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes , Figueiroa José Natal , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Silveira Denise Silva da , Piccini Roberto Xavier , Tomasi Elaine , Thumé Elaine , Hallal Pedro C.
Published: April 2010

A transição epidemiológica no Brasil, em parte, é explicada pelos baixos níveis de atividade física da população. Entretanto, poucos estudos têm explorado atividade física em populações de baixa renda. Nesta realidade, as unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) ganham importância. Em estudo com delineamento transversal, avaliou-se a prevalência de sedentarismo e fatores associados em 1.018 adultos e 1.010 idosos, residentes em áreas de UBS de dez municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A prevalência de sedentarismo foi de 37,18% (IC95%: 34,0-40,2) para adultos e de 68,3% (IC95%: 65,3-71,3) para idosos. A identificação da prática de atividade física como um dos fatores mais importantes para a manutenção da saúde esteve associado com sedentarismo no grupo dos idosos. Foi verificado um menor percentual de sedentarismo entre adultos associado com uma autopercepção de saúde satisfatória. Conclui-se que a prevalência de sedentarismo em áreas de abrangência das UBS em Pernambuco é mais elevada quando comparada com a Região Sul.
Dor crônica em pacientes esquizofrênicos: prevalência e características
Authors: Almeida Jouce Gabriela de , Kurita Geana Paula , Braga Patricia Emilia , Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos
Published: April 2010

A prevalência de dor crônica entre pacientes com transtornos psiquiátricos é, possivelmente, no mínimo igual à encontrada entre a população geral. Para estimar a prevalência de dor crônica em pacientes com esquizofrenia, comparar os grupos com e sem dor crônica e caracterizar a dor foi realizado um estudo transversal, com uma amostra probabilística de 205 pacientes adultos, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia (idade média 37 anos; 65% homens; média de escolaridade de nove anos; 87% sem companheiro(a); 65% residentes com os pais), atendidos em hospital público do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. A prevalência de dor foi de 36,6%; a dor foi mais presente no abdômen (30,7%), seguida da dor de cabeça, face e boca (24%) e região lombar, sacra e cóccix (14,7%). Com relação à freqüência, 24% dos entrevistados referiram ter dor todos os dias. O tempo médio de dor foi de 41 meses, com intensidade moderada. A prevalência de dor crônica em pacientes esquizofrênicos foi semelhante à encontrada para a população geral, e o quadro álgico foi significativo em termos de duração, intensidade e freqüência dos episódios dolorosos.
Polypharmacy in Older Adults with Cancer
Authors: Maggiore Ronald J. , Gross Cary P. , Hurria Arti
Published: April 2010

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Differentiate the multiple definitions of polypharmacy in order to be able to recognize it in your patient population.Discuss the current data available in evaluating polypharmacy specifically in older adults with cancer and incorporate the data in your evaluation of older patients.Summarize the agents or drug classes that may be deemed inappropriate in older adults to avoid prescribing medications for older patients that may lead to adverse drug events.

CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

The definition of “polypharmacy” ranges from the use of a large number of medications; the use of potentially inappropriate medications, which can increase the risk for adverse drug events; medication underuse despite instructions to the contrary; and medication duplication. Older adults are particularly at risk because they often present with several medical conditions requiring pharmacotherapy. Cancer-related therapy adds to this risk in older adults, but few studies have been conducted in this patient population. In this review, we outline the adverse outcomes associated with polypharmacy and present polypharmacy definitions offered by the geriatrics literature. We also examine the strengths and weaknesses of these definitions and explore the relationships among these definitions and what is known about the prevalence and impact of polypharmacy.
Blending different fineness cements to engineer the properties of cement-based materials
Authors: Bentz D.P.
Published: April 2010

Concretes are designed to fulfil specific engineering requirements, commonly exemplified by slump, unit weight and compressive strength. One source of untapped potential for varying engineering properties of hardened concrete is the variation of the cement particle size distribution. In this study, the performance of cements prepared by blending a coarse ASTM C150 type I/II and a fine type III cement obtained from the same clinker in three different proportions is examined. Evaluated properties for pastes and mortars include compressive strength and a variety of early-age properties that can influence cracking, specifically isothermal and semi-adiabatic calorimetry, chemical shrinkage, setting times (Vicat needle) and autogenous deformation. Addition of a high-range water reducer to the type III cement and the two finest blends is investigated as a secondary variable. The properties of the blends are compared with those of the two pure starting materials using a law of mixtures. Some properties such as heat release (as assessed using isothermal calorimetry) and chemical shrinkage are predicted nearly perfectly by applying this simple law. Others such as peak temperature (as assessed using semi-adiabatic calorimetry) and compressive strength are adequately predicted for engineering purposes by application of the law. Finally, setting times and autogenous deformation, being dependent on both hydration rates and particle spacing, cannot be predicted by the simple law of mixtures. It is concluded that a wide range of performance properties can be achieved by the blending of a fine and a coarse cement in controlled proportions.
Recycling as a construction waste management technique
Authors: Wimalasena B. A. D. S. , Madanayake H. L. S. P. , Weerasinghe I. P. T. R. , Ruwanpura J. Y. , Hettiaratchi J. P. A.
Published: April 2010

As green building concepts and sustainability principles continue to grow within the Canadian construction industry, construction companies are forced to adopt alternative, environmentally friendly waste management methods in order to avoid traditional landfilling. This paper documents the findings of a study carried out to investigate the economic viability of recycling construction waste. The study was carried out based on data collected on waste material collection, sorting and other activities related to waste management processes at two building construction projects in Calgary, Alberta. The results indicate that, under current market conditions, recycling is still not economically favourable compared with landfilling for two categories of waste (clean wood and drywall), while recycling of cardboard is favourable under certain conditions, for instance in situations where the rate of waste generation justifies the allocation of labour for waste collection and sorting. However, economisation of the recycling process is not unachievable if efforts are made. Recommendations towards the optimisation of the recycling of construction waste as a sustainable technique are provided.
Paintcrete leachability in fresh water and marine environments
Authors: Nehdi M. L. , Arif A. S. M.
Published: April 2010

Waste latex paint is considered the largest (by volume) household liquid hazardous waste collected in Canada and the USA. A technology for recycling latex paint in Portland cement concrete with added value was developed at The University of Western Ontario. The present study investigates the leaching of hazardous species from concrete incorporating recycled paint, known as ‘paintcrete’ as a partial replacement for mixing water. Specimens from concrete mixtures with various proportions of paint were subjected to simulated field environments including freezing–thawing and wetting–drying cycles, both in fresh and simulated seawater. The leachates from these specimens were analysed for heavy metals and glycols. It was found that the leaching of heavy metals from concrete specimens incorporating 15–25% paint and subjected to wetting–drying and freezing–thawing cycles, either in fresh water or artificial seawater, was not significant compared with values measured for a reference concrete mixture with no paint. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals were well below the contaminant levels according to the hazardous waste regulatory limits. In addition, glycol concentrations in the leachates at the end of a total of 100 cycles of freezing–thawing were much lower than the concentration of glycols in the original paint. Glycol leachates were also found to be acceptable based on environmental guidelines for glycols in surface water.
Development and evaluation of a phase relationship for MSW
Authors: Zhang B. , Dixon N. , El-Hamalawi A.
Published: April 2010

Compression is one of the most important mechanical aspects of behaviour of municipal solid waste (MSW) which concerns stability, deformation and structural performance in a landfill. Previous studies have shown that compressible particles play a significant role in MSW compression. Definition of the void ratio in classical soil mechanics theory may no longer be applicable for MSW material since high non-linearity between void ratio changes and vertical stress changes have been identified in compression tests. A new phase relationship for MSW has been developed to include the volume loss of compressible particles and this has been evaluated using one-dimensional compression test data. The comparison between analytical and test results has demonstrated that the MSW phase relationship is capable of analysing the volume losses originated from inter- and intra-void ratio changes, in addition to the total volume loss of the MSW sample under different vertical stresses. Since it can isolate the volumetric change of compressible particles from the total volume loss, the MSW phase relationship is important when developing a constitutive model for MSW assuming elasto-plastic material behaviour, which couples the volumetric and shear behaviour.
Underground carbon dioxide storage in saline formations
Authors: Garcia S. , Kaminska S. , Mercedes Maroto-Valer M.
Published: April 2010

This paper reviews key areas of carbon dioxide storage in saline aquifers. Among several potential geological carbon dioxide storage sites, saline aquifers offer the highest storage potential capacity and are relatively common worldwide. Geological storage of carbon dioxide in saline formations is achieved through various physical and chemical trapping mechanisms. When carbon dioxide is injected in the subsurface, it is first trapped by primary trapping mechanisms, which are static and hydrodynamic trapping below the cap rock. The secondary trapping mechanisms, solubility, mineral and residual trapping, are much slower and have a much longer timeframe for operating than primary trapping mechanisms. Knowledge regarding storage capacity in saline formations is highly uncertain due to their poor characterisation, heterogeneity and trapping mechanisms operating at different timeframe scales, which pose a huge challenge to establish a reliable methodology for storage capacity estimates. The potential cost of storage in saline aquifers is reasonably well known. However, the lack of any economic benefits makes this storage option less economically attractive than other geological sequestration strategies.
Creating a climate change risk assessment procedure: Hydropower plant case, Finland
Authors: Molarius Riitta , Keränen Jaana , Schabel Jari , Wessberg Nina
Published: April 2010

This paper examines the risk assessment procedure for a Nordic hydropower production process while taking climate change into account. It is evident that climate change poses new risks and concerns for hydropower companies, especially with regards to the high uncertainty that results from the ignorance of relationships between climate change and hydropower production (descriptive uncertainty). However, climate change may also provide opportunities. This paper focuses on the development of a risk assessment procedure to support the risk identification process as a means of reducing the descriptive uncertainty. The intention of the study was to develop and test a procedure in which climate scenarios and traditional technical risk assessment have been integrated. This allows us to obtain a practical method as well as associated support tools for identifying and evaluating climate change-related risks and opportunities for hydropower plants. This new procedure is intended to help hydropower plants plan their future investments and strategies by identifying and prioritizing the risks caused and opportunities created by climate change. The study was conducted as a part of the Nordic Energy Research funded Climate and Energy Systems (CES) project and was coordinated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
Biological nitrogen removal in a step-feed CAST with real-time control treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Juan Ma , Chengyao Peng , Li Wang , Shuying Wang , Yang Liu , Ningping Ma , Xia Yu , Yongzhen Peng
Published: April 2010

The performance of a 18 L step-feed cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) combined with real-time control treating real municipal wastewater was evaluated. The operation strategies employed pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as on-line control parameters, which can control the durations of oxic and anoxic phases flexibly. The obtained results showed that the studied process had achieved advanced and enhanced nitrogen removal by several phases of consecutive oxic/anoxic periods. Total nitrogen in effluent was lower than 2 mg/L and the average TN removal efficiency was higher than 98%, while only requiring small amount of external carbon source. Unexpected characteristic points in pH and ORP profiles denoting the depletion of nitrate were also observed during the last anoxic phase. Denitrification rate was found to be more dependent on the system temperature compared to nitrification rate. Moreover, a stable and efficient phosphorus removal rate above 90% was achieved by using step-feed strategy which enabled the influent carbon source to be fully used and the favourable condition for phosphorus releasing to be created during the anoxic phases.
Determining water sensitive urban design project benefits using a multi-criteria assessment tool
Authors: Urrutiaguer M. , Lloyd S. , Lamshed S.
Published: April 2010

The integration of urban water cycle management with urban planning and design is referred to as ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design’ or ‘WSUD’ in Australia; one of the key elements of WSUD is the management of urban stormwater. In early 2006, the Victorian Government released the Yarra River Action Plan, which allocated $20 million towards tackling urban stormwater pollution. To help ensure this money is allocated in an equitable and transparent manner across all metropolitan local governments a multi-criteria assessment tool has been developed. This paper presents an overview of the multi-criteria assessment tool developed and adopted for selecting WSUD projects that are eligible for funding through Melbourne Water's Stormwater Program. This tool considers three types of indicators: environmental, engagement (engagement with stakeholders and local government capacity building) and financial. Within each category, a series of indicators of different weightings are applied to score a project. Where initial concept designs do not meet the Program criteria, additional work is undertaken to refine and improve the project. The tool and its use are illustrated with a case study.
Identification of α-β unsaturated aldehydes as sources of toxicity to activated sludge biomass in polyester manufacturing wastewater
Authors: Caffaro-Filho R. A. , Wagner R. , Umbuzeiro G. A. , Grossman M. J. , Durrant L. R.
Published: April 2010

Wastewater generated in industrial production processes are often contaminated by hazardous chemicals. Characterization by means of toxicity-directed analysis is useful for identifying which fractions of a waste stream possess the most toxicity. We applied this approach to evaluate toxic components of a polyester manufacturing wastewater. Using the reduction in oxygen uptake rate of activated sludge as an indicator of toxicity, it was determined that increasing the pH from 3 to 11 followed by air stripping significantly reduced the toxicity of the wastewater. Comparative headspace GC/MS analysis of wastewater at different pHs selected a group of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) associated with the observed effect of air stripping at pH 11. Ten of these compounds were identified as α,β unsaturated aldehydes (acrolein (2-propenal) congeners); these compounds are known to be toxic as well as mutagenic. Confirmation that these compounds were a cause of toxicity was achieved by demonstrating that removal of these compounds by air stripping significantly reduced the wastewater mutagenic potency in a Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Formation of these volatile compounds by base catalyzed aldol condensation at pH 11 may account for the effectiveness of air stripping in reducing toxicity. To date there is no record in the literature about the toxicity and presence of acrolein congeners in polyester manufacturing wastewater.