bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indenofluorene congeners: Biradicaloids and beyond
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Nobusue Shunpei , Miyoshi Hirokazu , Tobe Yoshito
Published: March 2014

Singlet biradicaloids are certainly one of the most frequently discussed topics at ISNA-15. In this review our own work on the synthesis, molecular structures, and physical properties relevant to biradical character of indenofluorene isomers are described. These include indeno[2,1-a]fluorene with an o-quinodimethane substructure, benz[c]indeno[2,1-a]fluorene which is the first 2,3-naphthoquinodimethane derivative isolated, and indeno[2,1-b]fluorene with an m-quinodimethane (m-xylylene) subunit. The observed physical properties are explained in terms of the theoretically derived biradical factors (y), HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, and singlet-triplet energy gaps in the ground state electronic configurations. In addition, we discuss here two perspectives in the biradicaloid chemistry, (i) two- and three-dimensional indenofluorene congeners arranged in a macrocyclic form and (ii) macrocyclic indenofluorenes having multiple radical characters.
Experience of suicidal thoughts: A discourse analytic study.
Authors: Galasiński Dariusz , Ziółkowska Justyna
Published: March 2014

In the paper we explore the relationship between current psychiatric thinking on suicide and service users’ accounts of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The data comes from recordings of psychiatric interviews collected in three psychiatric hospitals in Poland. Assuming a constructionist view of discourse we argue that the literature on suicide ignores and simplifies the experience of those who think about suicide and attempt to commit it and constructs their experiences as a homogeneous group of ‘thoughts’ only with content (without form). We also offer a preliminary insight into the complexity of ‘suicide thoughts, as narrated by those reporting them. We demonstrate that they are marginalised and made relatively irrelevant in the accounts of attempted suicide. Additionally, we demonstrate that while women construct suicide attempts (whether actually attempted in the end or not) as at least potentially beyond their control, men's narratives very show them in control of the attempt, as if choosing an available option. We conclude by exploring possibilities of further qualitative discourse analytic research which builds on the findings we present here.
Assumptions about culture in discourse on ethnic minority health
Authors: Jaeger Kirsten
Published: March 2014

This paper is interested in the way the concept of culture is deployed in documents aimed at investigating, informing on and promoting aspects of ethnic minority health. Within a health-political discourse focusing increasingly on individual lifestyles, ethnic minority health became subject to increased political and professional interest in the last decades of the twentieth and the first decade of the twenty-first century. Analysis of the discourse on ethnic minority health emerging in five texts addressing health professionals shows that the culture of ethnic minority citizens is primarily seen as contributing to low levels of knowledge about health and to adverse health behavior. Thus, the texts present cultural beliefs and practices as contributing to the high prevalence of lifestyle diseases among ethnic minority population groups. The analysis, however, demonstrates that a more nuanced discourse is evolving, taking the complexity of the culture concept into account. In accordance with Danish health-political priorities, the most recent text analyzed in this study promotes an individualistic approach to both ethnic minority and Danish ethnic majority citizens.
Misunderstandings, communicative expectations and resources in illness narratives: Insights from beyond interview transcripts
Authors: Murdoch Jamie , Salter Charlotte , Cross Jane , Poland Fiona
Published: March 2014

Interactional misunderstandings in interviews are often glossed over in analysing narratives, so overlooking important clues about how interactants frame the interview discussion. Such misunderstandings will influence ongoing talk, shaping knowledge researchers produce about participants. We discuss whether interpretations of illness narratives may be enhanced if we analyse misunderstandings in conjunction with other contextually-available data not visible within interview transcripts. Using research interviews with people with asthma, we adopted linguistic ethnographic methods to analyse the manifestation and specific consequences of interactional tensions and misunderstandings between interviewer and interviewee. Misunderstandings can indicate inequalities in communicative expectations and discursive resources available to interactants, which may lead to participants’ talk being inappropriately identified as indicating a particular narrative. Incorporating ethnographic contextual features may make visible pertinent discourses not overtly evident within interviews. This may help theorise interview talk, like health and illness narratives, as manifesting within cycles of discourse that will intersect differently in each interaction.
Understanding the potential in elementary classrooms through Dynamic Assessment
Authors: DaSilva Iddings Ana Christina
Published: March 2014

This paper reports on a research project aiming to investigate a Dynamic Assessment (DA) approach to the development of academic writing for 7-year-old new immigrant English language learners in elementary classrooms. The research design entailed a case study methodology focusing on the application of iterative cycles of DAs aimed at improving students’ writing abilities in relationship with the development of metalinguistic awareness in the native (Spanish) and target (English) languages. Two third-grade ELLs and their teacher participated in the case study presented in this article. Findings indicate that unlike more traditional types of assessment, the DA approach more readily enabled the teacher to recognize and access the ELLs’ zone of proximal development and thus to create instructional means to support their learning. Both students demonstrated significant gains in their ability to write in English at the end of the DA cycle. Findings suggest that the DA interactions were helpful in increasing metalinguistic awareness, especially as it allowed for the explicit use of the students’ native language as a kind of parameter and therefore as a tool for thinking and for mediating the development of academic English in textual form. Also, DA emerged as a more accurate diagnostic tool to understand recent-immigrant students’ potential abilities in communicating in the target language than more traditional forms of assessment.
Autobiographic episodes as languaging
Authors: Motobayashi Kyoko , Swain Merrill , Lapkin Sharon
Published: March 2014

The purpose of our program of research is to explore the role of languaging on the part of older adults residing in long-term care facilities. We suggest that languaging-based activities can enhance the quality of life of such older adults including aspects of their cognition and affect. Languaging is the use of language to mediate cognitive and affective processes (Swain, 2006, 2010). In this case study, Mary (a resident) engages in the effortful re-construction of autobiographic episodes. Through microgenetic analysis we document changes in Mary’s emotional response to recreating aspects of her life history, and a change in her cognition involving a shift from other- to self-regulation in her ability to remember past events. We argue that Mary’s narration of past events (a type of languaging) is related to her positive affective and cognitive changes; this is consistent with Vygotsky’s view that cognition and affect are inextricably intertwined.
A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study of Speech in Five-Year-Olds with Cleft Palate ± Lip to Support Development of National Audit Standards
Authors: Britton Lorraine , Albery Liz , Bowden Melanie , Harding-Bell Anne , Phippen Ginette , Sell Debbie
Published: March 2014

Objective

To develop national standards for speech outcomes and processes of care for children with cleft palate ± lip and to test the standards using national data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this large, multicenter, prospective cohort study, speech recordings of 1110 five-year-olds with cleft palate involvement (born 2001 to 2003) were collected by 12 cleft centers in Great Britain and Ireland. Recordings were analyzed by consensus by specialist speech and language therapists using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented. Results were benchmarked against evidence-based process and speech outcome standards and statistical analysis undertaken.

Results

From the 1110 children audited, 48% (530) had speech within the normal range. This was not significantly different from the agreed standard of 50% ( P = .20, CI = 45–50%). Sixty-six percent (734) had speech with no evidence of structurally related speech problems or history of speech-related secondary surgery. This was significantly below the standard of 70% ( P =.007, CI = 62–69%). Sixty percent (666) had no serious cleft-related articulation errors. This was significantly better than the agreed standard of 50% ( P < .001, CI = 67–73%). More than 80% of 2-year-olds received a specialist speech and language assessment against a benchmark of 100%.

Conclusions

Developing standards has facilitated more meaningful reporting of speech outcomes and treatment processes. Evidence-based standards were defined and extensively tested, enabling centers to compare their performance with national trends. One 5-year outcome standard was achievable; the other two standards will require modification through the mandatory annual national audit program.
Plant and small‐mammal responses to large‐herbivore exclusion in an African savanna: five years of the UHURU experiment
Authors: Kartzinel Tyler R. , Goheen Jacob R. , Charles Grace K. , DeFranco Elyse , Maclean Janet E. , Otieno Tobias O. , Palmer Todd M. , Pringle Robert M.
Published: March 2014

Assessing the direct and indirect consequences of nonrandom species removal within guilds of strongly interacting species, such as large mammalian herbivores, is an important goal in basic and applied ecology. The ecological impacts of such perturbations are often contingent on abiotic conditions, which have hindered efforts to generalize the results of field experiments. Thus, there is a need for experiments that selectively remove different species from ecologically important guilds and that are replicated across environmental gradients. In 2008, we constructed a series of size‐selective large‐herbivore exclosures across a natural rainfall gradient in semi‐arid Kenyan savanna. This experiment (“UHURU”, for ungulate herbivory under rainfall uncertainty) aims to (a) characterize the effects of successively removing the largest size classes of herbivores from the system and (b) evaluate how the direction and magnitude of these effects are shaped by variation in precipitation regimes. UHURU consists of three electrically fenced herbivore‐exclusion treatments and an unfenced control, applied to blocks of contiguous 1‐ha plots. The three fenced treatments are: “Mega” (exclusion of elephants and giraffes only); “Meso” (exclusion of both megaherbivores and mesoherbivores, ∼40 kg and larger); and “Total” (exclusion of all herbivores ≥5 kg). Each block of treatments is replicated three times at each of three sites along the 20‐km rainfall gradient (increasing from 439 mm/yr in the north to 639 mm/yr in the south, with little background variation in soil attributes and species composition). We present data, spanning 2008–2013, from (a) biannual surveys of understory plants at 49 staked grid points within each of the 36 1‐ha plots (1764 total stakes); (b) annual woody‐plant censuses within the central 0.36 ha of each plot; (c) annual and semi‐annual monitoring of individually marked woody plants; (d) small‐mammal capture–mark–recapture sessions conducted every other month in total‐exclusion and open plots; (e) daily rainfall monitoring throughout the course of the experiment; and (f) quarterly large‐mammal dung surveys.
Pathogens, herbivores, and phenotypic plasticity of boreal Vaccinium vitis‐idaea experiencing climate change
Authors: Roy Bitty A. , Mulder Christa P. H.
Published: March 2014

Climate warming is occurring at a rapid rate in the boreal forest; mean winter temperature has increased about 4°C in Alaska over the last 40 years and about the same increase is predicted over the next 40 years. Warming temperatures tend to increase the number and kinds of herbivores and pathogens. How will boreal plants to respond to these abiotic and biotic changes? To address these questions we used common gardens and reciprocal transplants of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea at sites with contrasting abiotic conditions near Fairbanks, Alaska. Plant morphology, chemistry, resistance to pathogens and herbivores, and survival were all strongly influenced by the destination environment (planting site and block within site), and less by the site of origin for the seed. Overall, seedlings survived significantly better at the summer cold site, which was buffered from drought as a result of its northern aspect, presence of sphagnum moss and permafrost (86.4% survival versus 48.5%). However, this cool damp site had more stem‐killing consumers, the pathogens Phomopsis columnaris and Exobasidium vaccinii and mammalian browse, all of which became more common over the three years of the study as the plants became larger. Taken together, these results suggest that the seedling stage is likely to be vulnerable to droughts, except at sites with thick moss cover, which results in greater duration of summer moisture. Thus, as the climate warms, seedling growth will be restricted to those sites where the adult stages will later suffer from more stem‐killing pathogen attack and mammalian browse.
Analysis of YKL‐40 Acute‐Phase Protein and Interleukin‐6 Levels in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Keles Zeynep Pinar , Keles Gonca Cayir , Avci Bahattin , Cetinkaya Burcu Ozkan , Emingil Gulnur
Published: March 2014

Background: YKL‐40, a new acute‐phase protein, is shown to be elevated in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery diseases. However, there is no data indicating a relationship between YKL‐40 and periodontal disease. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is the major regulator of acute‐phase protein synthesis and one of the most studied inflammatory markers in periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate YKL‐40 and IL‐6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of patients with periodontal disease and healthy individuals.

Methods: Periodontally healthy individuals (n = 15), patients with gingivitis (n = 15), and patients with severe chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 15) without any systemic disease were included in the study. Clinical measurements were recorded; GCF and blood samples were obtained from each participant. GCF and serum YKL‐40 and IL‐6 levels were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed by parametric and non‐parametric tests.

Results: Total amounts of YKL‐40 and IL‐6 in GCF as well as serum YKL‐40 and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in patients with gingivitis and CP compared with healthy controls (P <0.01). YKL‐40 levels in GCF and serum as well as serum IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in patients with CP compared with patients with gingivitis (P <0.01).

Conclusions: YKL‐40 levels in GCF as well as serum YKL‐40 and IL‐6 levels increased from gingivitis to periodontitis. Within the limits of the present study, the YKL‐40 molecule might be a potential novel inflammatory marker of periodontal disease.
Emil Theodor Kocher (1841-1917): Orthopaedic surgeon and the first surgeon Nobel Prize winner
Authors: Bumbasirevic Marko , Zagorac Slavisa , Lesic Aleksandar
Published: March 2014

Theodor Emil Kocher (1841-1917) was born in Bern and educated in several
universities in Europe. Like many surgeons of that time, Kocher performed
orthopaedic surgery, general surgery, neurosurgery and endocrine surgery and
became famous in many fields. He is remembered for his description of a new
approach to the hip joint and elbow joint, as well as a maneuver for
reduction of dislocated shoulder joints. He introduced many instruments and
some of them, such as the Kocher clamp are still in use. His most important
contribution was thyroid gland surgery, and he received the Nobel Prize for
Medicine in 1909, for this advancement. He was a scientific, hard working
meticulous surgeon, dedicated to his patients and students, which found him
a place in the history of medicine.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Djuric-Stefanovic A. , Vasin D. , Jovanovic S. , Lazic Lj. , Kovac J. , Popovic I. , Bajec Dj. , Saranovic Dj.
Published: March 2014

Visceral fat is considered a key factor in the development of metabolic
syndrome and other pathological conditions and diseases associated with
obesity. Therefore, analysis of the dynamics of reducing the amount of
abdominal visceral fat is important for evaluating the therapeutic effects of
different modalities of obesity treatment, including bariatric surgery. In 53
obese patients visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was
measured by ultrasonography (US) before and after bariatric surgery, in the
period of 1, 3, 6 months. At the same time, standard anthropometric
parameters were assessed: body mass (m), BMI, waist circumference (WC), and
hip circumference (HC). Five diameters of the visceral abdominal fat (VAF)
were measured: IAFT (Intraabdominal Fat Thickness), LV (Lienal Vein), VF
(Visceral Fat), MES sum (Mesenterial leafs) and Max PFT (Maximal
Preperitoneal Fat Thickness), and three diameters of the subcutaneous
abdominal adipose tissue (SCAF): Min SFT (Minimal Subcutaneous Fat), and
MaxSFTa and MaxSFTb (Maximal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness a and b).
Statistically significant decrease in all anthropometric parameters, except
HC was registered 1, 3 and 6 months after the surgery. We registered the
decline of almost all US diameters of abdominal adipose tissue in the
follow-up period, but statistically significant decrease were found only in
the diameters of visceral adipose tissue: IAFT after 1 and 3 months (p=0.031
and p=0.027); VF after 1 month (p=0.031), LV after 6 months (p=0.011), and
MESsum after 3 and 6 months (p=0.001 and p=0.028), as well as MaxSFTb, at 1
month follow-up (p=0.015). In the short- term follow-up period after the
bariatric surgery, there was a significant decrease in body mass, BMI and WC,
and ultrasonography revealed a significant reduction in the diameters of the
visceral abdominal fat.
Routine chest radiographs in the surgical intensive care unit: Can we change clinical habits with no proven benefit?
Authors: Velickovic Jelena , Hajdarevic Sanela , Palibrk Ivan , Janic Natasa , Djukanovic Marija , Miljkovic Bojana , Velickovic Dejan , Bumbasirevic Vesna
Published: March 2014

Daily routine chest radiographs (CR) are commonly performed in surgical ICU.
Unnecessary CR increase costs and expose the staff and the patients to
radiation risk. The goal of our study was to estimate the value of daily
routine CR in the ICU and to determine the correlation between CR and
physical findings in surgical ICU patients. Prospective observational study
was conducted during period of two months at the ICU department at the Clinic
for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade. It included 97
consecutive patients who underwent digestive surgery and stayed at the ICU
for at least two days. During their ICU stay, CRs were obtained as a clinical
routine or to monitor lung pathology. Patients were followed daily, and CRs
(as the proportion of positive findings) were compared with physical
examination and clinical presentation. A total of 717 CRs were obtained,
median number per patient was 4.0 (2.0-7.0). Proportion of positive findings
was significantly higher comparing to auscultation until the sixth day of ICU
stay. There was no difference in CR findings from day to day after the sixth
day. Therapeutic efficacy of CRs was low as only 56 (7.8%) resulted in a
change of patient management. We conclude that daily routine CRs are
justified in the first six days of ICU stay, and after that time they show no
advantages over clinical examination.
Soret and Dufour effects on mixed convection from a vertical plate in power-law fluid saturated porous medium
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Reddy Swamy
Published: March 2014

Mixed convection heat and mass transfer along a vertical plate embedded in a
power-law fluid saturated Darcy porous medium with Soret and Dufour effects
is studied. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into
ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then
solved numerically using shooting method. The effect of Soret and Dufour
parameters, power law index and mixed convection parameter on non-dimensional
velocity, temperature and concentration fields are discussed. The variation
of different parameters on heat and mass transfer rates is presented in
tabular form.
On the justification of use of the term "social capital"
Authors: Golubovic Natasa , Golubovic Srdjan
Published: March 2014

Social relationships which are at the base of social capital enable access to
different resources. As a set of resources available through social
relationships, social capital is in fact social and political phenomenon;
resultant, in the sociological science, from institutions and activities of
social groups. At the same time, social capital has its economic dimension
reflected in the additional productivity which results from the synergy of
social relationships. However, there are disputes among authors about whether
we could those aspects of social structures which are usually labelled as
social capital really regard as a form of capital. The aim of this paper is
to investigate justification of use of the term ?social capital? to indicate
resources available through social ties, which could enhance welfare of
individuals and of the entitire society.
The grounds for refusing trademarks registration
Authors: Miladinovic Zoran , Varga Sinisa
Published: March 2014

A trademark is a sign used for distinguishing goods or services of a company
from those of another one. These signs may be registered. If so, they are
known as trademarks. Trademarks are the subject matters of the exclusive
rights. It means that no one can obtain right on the subject matter nor
commercially exploit the subject matter of previously obtained right. If a
trademark is identical to an earlier trademark and used for marking identical
goods and services, its registration will be refused. However, the
registration of identical trademarks for similar goods or services or similar
trademarks for the same or similar goods or services is only prohibited where
confusion on the part of the public is likely to arise. Comparison can be
done due to visual, phonetic and conceptual criteria, as applied to
distinctive and dominant components of comparing signs. Similarity exists if
any of the mentioned criteria is matched, but it is not enough for refusing
trade?mark registration. Trademark registration will be refused if relevant
part of the public can be so confused to consider the signs the same or
modifications of the same sign or different signs of legally connected
companies. Should there be any disagreements involving reputable trademarks,
these are dealt with irrespective of goods and services.
Akademik aile hekimliği bölümlerinin 20 yılı: Geliflimsel süreç üzerine bir de¤erlendirme
Authors: Başak Okay , Güldal Dilek
Published: March 2014

Amaç: Türkiye’de aile hekimliği alanındaki akademik gelişmeler son 20 yılda tıp eğitimine ve tıp fakültelerine damgasını vurmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkemizde 20 yıllık geçmişe sahip akademik aile hekimliğinin bugünkü durumunu tanımlamak ve gelişim sürecini değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışma aile hekimliği anabilim dalı başkanları ya da öğretim üyeleriyle yüz yüze ya da telefonla yapılan görüşmelerden ya da e-posta iletişimiyle (elektronik ortamda) elde edilen bilgilere dayanmaktadır. Tıp fakültelerinde bulunan 63 aile hekimlği anabilim dalından 60’ına ulaşılmış ve 58’inden bilgi elde edilmifltir. Çalışma verileri 2013 yılı Haziran ve Aralık ayları arasında toplanmıştır.Bulgular: Elli sekiz anabilim dalında 27 profesör, 56 doçent, 54 yardımcı doçent ve 40 öğretim görevlisi ya da uzman olmak üzere toplam 177 öğretim elemanı bulunmaktaydı. Kırk beş anabilim dalının başkanı aile hekimliği uzmanı idi. Anabilim dallarının 12’si aile hekimliği profesörü, dokuzu ise diğer disiplinlerden profesörler tarafından yönetilmekteydi. Aile hekimliği 45 üniversitede mezuniyet öncesi tıp eğitimine katkı vermekteydi. Otuz anabilim dalı mezuniyet öncesi tıp eğitimine klinik stajla katılırken 44 anabilim dalının kuramsal dersi bulunmaktaydı. Uzmanlık eğitimi programına sahip 43 anabilim dalında 340 asistan uzmanlık eğitimi almaktaydı. Hiçbir anabilim dalının mevcut birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri örgütlenmesi kapsamında aile hekimliği uygulama birimleri bulunmamaktaydı. Kırk bir anabilim dalının 64’ü üniversite ortamında ve 13’ü toplum içinde olmak üzere toplam77 polikliniği vardı.Sonuç: Aile hekimliği ülkemizde 25 yılı aşan bir süredir bir tıp disiplini ve uzmanlık alanı olarak tanınmaktadır. Üniversitelerde aile hekimliğinin öğretilmesi oldukça iyi bir düzeydedir. ilk anabilim dallarının üzerinden geçen 20 yıl içinde üniversitelerdeki akademik aile hekimliği bölümlerinin nicel ve nitel gelişimi, Avrupa’da birçok ülkeyle kıyaslanabilir düzeydedir. Anabilim dallarının gelecek on yılda en önemli önceliği, akademik aile hekimliği uygulama merkezleri oluşturmak ve sahadaki aile hekimleriyle bağlarını güçlendirmek olacak gibi görünmektedir.
Şişli Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne başvuran 65 yaş üstü hastalarda polifarmasi ve tamamlayıcı tedavi kullanımlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Şayir Çiğdem Taşkın , Karaoğlu Sinem Aslan , Toprak Dilek Evcik
Published: March 2014

Amaç: Kronik hastalıkların prevalansının artması nedeniyle yaşlı bireyler günümüzde daha fazla sayıda ilaç kullanmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı polikliniğimize başvuran 65 yaş ve üzeri hastalarda polifarmasi ve tamamlayıcı tedavi kullanım sıklığı ve bunların sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı özellikteki bu çalışlmaya, Eylül-Ekim 2012 tarihlerinde şişlli Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği polikliniklerine başvuran 65 yaş ve üzeri hastalar dahil edildi. Sosyodemografik özellikleri, ilaç ve tamamlayıcı tedavi kullanım durumlarını sorgulayan bir anket formu yüzyüze uygulandı.Bulgular: Çalışlmamıza katılan toplam 100 kişinin 73’ü (%73) kadın, 27’si (%27) erkek olup yaş ortalaması 73.4±6.8 ve çoğu (%43) ilkokul mezunu idi. Kronik hastalıklardan en fazla hipertansiyon (%80), hiperlipidemi (%47), diyabet (%46), mide-barsak hastalığı (%41) mevcuttu. Yaşlıların %91’i en az bir aydır üç ve daha fazla sayıda ilaç kullanmaktaydı. Yüzde 88’i ilaçlarını kendisi içiyor, %12’si yardım alı- yordu. Yüzde 39’unun, kullandığı ilaçların yan etkisini hiç bilmediği görüldü. Katılımcıların %24’ü bazen ilaç almayı unuturken, %62.5’i ilaçlarını evde görebileceği bir yere koyuyordu. Doktor önerisi olmadan ilaç kullananlar (%33) arasında en fazla ağrı kesici içildiği (%60.6) belirlendi. Yüzde 59’u bitkisel ürünler ve karışımlar kullanıyordu ve %66,1 ile ıhlamur ilk tercihti. Katılımcıların %43’ü ek vitamin veya mineral takviyesi alıyordu. Bunların %32.6’sı (n=14) multivitamin, %30’u (n=13) kalsiyum ve D vitamini, %18.6’s› (n=8) B12 vitamini kullanmaktaydı. Öğrenim düzeyi arttıkça vitamin ve mineral takviyesi kullanımının arttığı belirlendi (p=0.003).Sonuç: Çalışmamıza katılan yaşlılarda polifarması oldukça yaygın olduğu belirlendi. Bitkisel ürünler, vitamin ve mineral desteği kullanımı özellikle eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanlarda daha fazlaydı. Destekleyici tedaviler ilaç karmaşasını artırmaktadır. Altmış beş yaş üzeri bireylerin ve yakınlarının polifarmasi konusunda doğru bilgilendirilip yönlendirilmesi uygun olacaktır.
Ankara ili Yenimahalle ilçesinde birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşuna başvuran bireylerde tütün bağımlılığı ve ilişkili risk faktörleri
Authors: Şengezer Tijen , Sivri Fazilet , Dilbaz Nesrin , Sunay Didem
Published: March 2014

Amaç: Birinci basamakta tütün bağımlılığı sıklığının değerlendirilmesi, bağımlılıkla ilişkili sosyo-demografik özelliklerin ve risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki çalışma Ankara ili Yenimahalle ilçesinde bulunan iki birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşunda yürütüldü ve 01/01 /2009-10/03/2010 tarihleri arasında herhangi bir nedenle başvuran bireyler rasgele örneklem metodu ile çalışmaya dahil edildi. Katılımcıların yaş, eğitim, meslek, medeni durum, yaşadığı yer, kiminle yaşadığı, aile yapısı, geçim kaynağı, sağlık kuruluşuna başvuru nedeni, eşlik eden fiziksel ve psikiyatrik hastalık varlığı ve ailede sigara içme durumu ile ilgili bilgileri önceden hazırlanan anket formu ile elde edildi. Sigara içtiğini belirten katılımcıların bağımlılık düzeyini saptamak üzere Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Testi (FNBT) yapıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaşları 12-86 yıl arasıda değişen 451 (%45.1) erkek, 549 (%54.9) kadın olmak üzere 1000 hasta dâhil edildi. Katılımcıların sigara içme oran› %29 olup, 36-44 yaş arasında ve erkeklerde daha yüksekti (sırasıyla, p=0.001 ve p=0.001). 18 yaş altındaki katılımcılar arasında cinsiyete göre sigara içme durumunda anlamlı bir fark görülmezken (p=0.72 ), 18 yafl üstünde kadınlara göre erkeklerde daha yüksekti (p=0.001). Sigara içme oranları, yalnız yaşayanlarda (p=0.027), serbest çalışanlarda (p=0.001), geçimini geçici/gündelik işlerden sağlayanlarda (p=0.001), annesi (p=0.001), babası (p=0.001), erkek ve kız kardeşleri (sırasıyla, p=0.012 ve p=0.001), ikinci derece kadın akrabaları sigara içenlerde (p=0.04) ve herhangi bir fiziksel hastalı ğı olmayanlarda (p=0.003) daha yüksekti. Fagerström puanları karşılaştırıldığında kadınlarda bağımlılık düzeyinin daha düşük olduğu gözlendi (p=0.014). Anne, baba, kız kardeşin sigara içmesi durumunda sigara içme olasılığının sırasıyla 2.12, 1.51 ve 2.87 kat arttığı saptandı. Ayrıca sigara içme olasılığı erkek cinsiyette ve parçalanmış aile üyelerinde sırasıyla 2.16 ve 1.92 kat artmaktaydı.Sonuç: Sigara içme olasılığı ailede sigara içen olduğunda artmaktadır. Gelecek nesilleri tütün tüketimi ve tütün dumanına maruz kalmanın yıkıcı sağlık, sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik sonuçlarından korumak için ebeveynlere ve bireyi sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, ruhsal ve biyolojik çevresiyle birlikte ele alan aile hekimlerine ciddi görevler düşmektedir.
Kadınların hayatındaki başka bir dönem: Menopoz ve menopozun yaşam kalitesine etkisi
Authors: Uludağ Ayşegül , Çakır Güngör Ayşe Nur , Gencer Meryem , Şahin Erkan Melih , Coşar Emine
Published: March 2014

Amaç: Çalışmada menopoz öncesi ve menopoz dönemindeki kadınlarda menopozla ilişkili ortaya çıkan semptomların şiddeti ve yaşam kalitesine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Yöntem: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı desendeki bu çalışmaya Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum ve Aile Hekimliği polikliniklerine başvuran 40-65 yaş arasındaki 300 kadın alındı. Katılımcılara sosyo-demografik bilgileri içeren bir anket formunun yanı sıra, Menopoz ilişkili Semptom Ölçeği (MRS) ve SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği uygulandı. Kadınlar, STRAW sınıflamasına göre menopoz öncesi ve menopoz dönemi olarak iki grup halinde değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya menopoz öncesi dönemde 57 (%19.0) ve menopozda 243 (%81.0) kadın katıldı. Yaş ortalaması 53.7±6.1 olan katılımcıların menopoza girme yaşı ortalaması 47.7± 4.5 idi. Menopoz öncesi dönemdeki katılımcılar (17.7±10.0) ile menopoz dönemindekilerin (16.0±8.7) MRS toplam puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p>0.05). Menopoz öncesi ve menopoz dönemindeki kadınların SF-36 yaşam kalitesi skorları arasında da anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). Katılımcıların MRS skorlarıyla yaşam kalitesi rol güçlüğü fiziksel (rho=-0.407; p
Stress Appraisal, Coping, and Work Engagement among Police Recruits: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kaiseler Mariana , Passos Fernando , Queirós Cristina , Sousa Pedro
Published: March 2014

This study investigated the influence of stress appraisal and coping on work engagement levels (Absorption, Vigour, and Dedication) of police recruits. Participants were 387 men, ages 20 to 33 yr. ( M = 24.1, SD = 2.4), in their last month of academy training before becoming police officers. Partially in support of predictions, work engagement was associated with Stressor control perceived, but not Stress intensity experienced over a self-selected stressor. Although the three dimensions of work engagement were explained by Stressor control and coping, Absorption was the dimension better explained by these variables. Police recruits reporting higher Absorption, Vigour, and Dedication reported using more Active coping and less Behavioural disengagement. Results showed that stress appraisal and coping are important variables influencing work engagement among police recruits. Findings suggested that future applied interventions fostering work engagement among police recruits should reinforce perceptions of control over a stressor as well as Active coping strategies.
Prevalence and Correlates of Insomnia and Excessive Sleepiness in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Symptoms
Authors: Bjorvatn Bjørn , Pallesen Ståle , Grønli Janne , Sivertsen Børge , Lehmann Sverre
Published: March 2014

This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of insomnia and excessive sleepiness in adults presenting symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population. Randomly selected participants ( N = 1,502; 50.7% men, 49.3% women), ages 40 to 70 yr. ( M = 53.6, SD = 8.5) were interviewed over the telephone. Insomnia and excessive sleepiness (hypersomnia) were assessed with the Bergen Insomnia Scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, respectively. OSA symptoms were identified by self- or spouse reports on snoring, breathing cessations during sleep, and being tired or sleepy. The prevalence of OSA was 6.2%. Among these participants with OSA, 57.6% reported insomnia and 30.1% reported excessive sleepiness. Furthermore, OSA symptoms were associated with self-reported obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and depression, but only in participants with comorbid insomnia or excessive sleepiness.
Representation of Haptic Objects during Mental Rotation in Congenital Blindness
Authors: Güçlü Burak , Çelik Serkan , Ilci Civan
Published: March 2014

The representation of haptic objects by three groups of participants (sighted, blindfolded, and congenitally blind) was studied in a mental-rotation task. Three models were tested. The participants explored a standard object continuously with the left hand and tried to find the mirror object among two alternatives explored sequentially with the right hand. Sighted participants were tested in the visual version of the task. The accuracy of judgments was very high (>95%) for all groups, and the blind group had the highest identification times. Correlation analyses were performed between (both single-trial and average) identification times and angular differences. The identification times of the sighted and blindfolded groups increased as linear functions of the angular difference between the mirror and the standard stimuli, supporting the classical model. The identification times of the blind group changed non-monotonically and were consistent with an antiparallel image (180° rotation superimposed) in the mental representation. The dual code model did not fit the data well for any participant group. The performance differences between the blindfolded and blind groups may be attributed to a modified mapping function from the object-properties-processing sub-system to the visual buffer, which was conjectured to be available also to the blind group while processing haptic objects.
Measuring the Differences in Pairs' Marital Forgiveness Scores: Construct Validity and Links with Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Bugay Asli
Published: March 2014

This study examined the reliability and validity of a Turkish version for the Marital Dispositional Forgiveness Scale (MDFS). 104 married couples ( M age = 36.6 yr., SD = 9.4) living in Turkey completed the Turkish versions of the MDFS and the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). Cronbach's coefficients α for negative dimension (wives =. 82, husbands =. 80) and positive dimension (wives =. 80, husbands = .79) were adequate. A correlation between the MDFS and RAS scores indicated significant associations, stronger for the positive dimension than the negative dimension, supporting the external validity of the MDFS.
Cognitive and Emotional Reactions to Questions in the Comparison Question Test
Authors: MacNeill A. Luke , Bradley M. T. , Cullen M. C. , Arsenault Andrea M.
Published: March 2014

The effect of situational factors on perceptions of items on the polygraph Comparison Question Test (CQT) was assessed. In an initial experiment, 86 students (30 men, 56 women; M age = 20.3 yr., SD = 4.0) imagined one of eight scenarios that varied by guilt or innocence, the commission of a real crime or mock crime, and interrogation by a police officer or a professor. They then rated generic CQT questions for importance and emotional concern. All participants rated crime-relevant questions as being more important than past-crime comparison questions. “Guilty” participants also rated these questions as being more emotionally concerning, but “innocent” participants showed no differences in their ratings of concern for the two question types. Interrogator or crime type did not affect the general pattern of responding. A second experiment involving 80 students (21 men, 58 women, 1 non-specified; M age = 22.5 yr., SD = 7.3) replaced the generic CQT questions with content-specific questions developed by the participant. Those imagining guilt showed no differences in their ratings of relevant and comparison questions, whereas those imagining innocence rated comparison questions as more concerning. Again, interrogator type and crime type had little effect on results. Overall, these findings indicated distinctions in cognitive and emotional appraisal for CQT questions, with the nature of emotional concern dependent on guilt/innocence status and the personal relevance of comparison questions. Evidence suggests that the CQT is robust to other situational factors, such as crime type and interrogator type.
Sensitivity of Goce Gradients on Greenland Mass Variation And Changes in Ice Topography
Authors: Herceg M. , Tscherning C. C. , Levinsen J. F.
Published: March 2014

The Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) maps variations in the gravity field by observing second order derivatives (gradients) of the Earth gravitational potential. Flying in the low altitude of 255 km and having a spatially dense data distribution of short wavelengths of the gravity field, GOCE may be used to enhance the time varying gravity signal coming fromthe GRACE satellites.

The GOCE gradients may potentially be used for the determination of residual masses in local regions. This can be done using Least-Squares Collocation (LSC) or the Reduced Point Mass (RPM) method. In this study, different gravity field solutions are calculated by the use of RPM, LSC and GOCE gradients, respectively. Gravity field time series are created and presented for the six consecutive months of GOCE gradient observations, data being acquired between November 2009 and June 2010. Corresponding gravity anomaly results are used for the calculation of ice mass changes by the use of theRPMmethod. The results are then compared with the computed topographic effect of the ice by the use of a modified topographic correction and the Gravsoft TC program.

The maximal gravity changes at the ground predicted from GOCE gradients are between 2 and 4 mGal for the period considered. The gravity anomaly estimation error arising from the GOCE gradient data using only Tzz with an associated error of 20 mE is 11 mGal. This analysis shows the potential of using GOCE data for observations of ice mass changes although the GOCE dataset is limited to only six months. We expect four years of GOCE gradient observations to be available by mid-2014. This will increase the accuracy and spatial resolution of the GOCE measurements, which may lead to an accuracy necessary for observing ice mass changes.
On The Errors-In-Variables Model With Singular Dispersion Matrices
Authors: Schaffrin B. , Snow K. , Neitzel F.
Published: March 2014

While the Errors-In-Variables (EIV) Model has been treated as a special case of the nonlinear Gauss- Helmert Model (GHM) for more than a century, it was only in 1980 that Golub and Van Loan showed how the Total Least-Squares (TLS) solution can be obtained from a certain minimum eigenvalue problem, assuming a particular relationship between the diagonal dispersion matrices for the observations involved in both the data vector and the data matrix. More general, but always nonsingular, dispersion matrices to generate the “properly weighted” TLS solution were only recently introduced by Schaffrin and Wieser, Fang, and Mahboub, among others. Here, the case of singular dispersion matrices is investigated, and algorithms are presented under a rank condition that indicates the existence of a unique TLS solution, thereby adding a new method to the existing literature on TLS adjustment. In contrast to more general “measurement error models,” the restriction to the EIV-Model still allows the derivation of (nonlinear) closed formulas for the weighted TLS solution. The practicality will be evidenced by an example from geodetic science, namely the over-determined similarity transformation between different coordinate estimates for a set of identical points.
Symmetric Jacobians
Authors: Bondt Michiel
Published: March 2014

This article is about polynomial maps with a certain symmetry and/or antisymmetry in their Jacobians, and whether the Jacobian Conjecture is satisfied for such maps, or whether it is sufficient to prove the Jacobian Conjecture for such maps. For instance, we show that it suffices to prove the Jacobian conjecture for polynomial maps x + H over ℂ such that satisfies all symmetries of the square, where H is homogeneous of arbitrary degree d ≥ 3.
Evaluation of Role of Ultra Sound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions with Particular References to Diagnostic Pitfalls
Authors: Sengupta Sanjay , Mondal Rajib Kumar , Bose Kingshuk , Ray Rudranarayan , Jana Sritanu , Deoghoria Debasish
Published: March 2014

Background: Ovarian lesions are quite common among females of all age groups. Ovarian cancers account for 6% of female malignancy. Ultrasonography (USG) can help in proper identification and categorization of these lesions. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) under USG guidance can be an effective modality for early diagnosis of ovarian masses. Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the role of USG guided FNAC over ovarian space occupying lesions (SOLs) for proper categorization into non-neoplastic, benign & malignant variants and to identify possible underlying causes of cytological misdiagnosis, if any, in comparison to histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: FNAC under USG guidance were performed over one hundred and sixteen cases with radiologically proved ovarian SOLs during a period of five years. Aspirated materials were interpreted as non- neoplastic, benign or malignant lesions. Histopathological study was possible in 47 of these cases. Results: Out of 116 aspirations, non-neoplastic, benign and malignant diagnosis were given in 51, 42 & 23 cases, respectively. During histopathological correlation 41 out of 47 cases (87.2%) show exact cytohistological parity. Rest six cases with cytological misdiagnosis were discussed in detail. Conclusion: USG guided FNAC can effectively diagnose ovarian lesions in more than 87% cases. Scrutiny about failed diagnosis will help to improve accuracy in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.14520 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.158-162
Trace Minerals and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Kumari Suchitra , Pradhan Tapaswini , Panda Tarun Kumar
Published: March 2014

There is accumulating evidence showing relationship between trace elements and Diabetes mellitus (DM). This study evaluated the role of magnesium, Zinc and other indices of peroxidative status ie MDA, Vitamin C and Vitamin E in pathogenesis of Retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Seventy two type 2 diabetes cases were enrolled in the study, of which 42 were with retinopathy and 30 without. Patients with nephropathy were excluded. Forty age and sex matched subjects were served as health controls. The results showed that the mean values of Mg and Zn were significantly lower reduced in diabetes more so in diabetic retinopathy cases as compared to control subjects (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation marker MDA was a significantly higher in both the diabetes groups whereas serum Vitamin C and vitamin E levels were significantly low (p<0.05) as compared to controls. Our correlation study revealed that MDA was negatively associated with serum Mg (r=-0.73, p<0.01) as well as serum Zn (r= -0.82, p<0.01), pointing towards the role of these trace elements in retarding the oxidative process prevailing in diabetic retinopathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.14963 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.175-179
Evidence Based Medicine; are we on the same page?
Authors: Rashid Abdul Rahman Abdul
Published: March 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18293 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.124-127
Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Heroin Addiction
Authors: Salman Saad , Idrees Muhammad , Anees Muhammad , Idrees Jawaria , Idrees Fariha , Badshah Sareer
Published: March 2014

Objectives: To study the association of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with heroin addiction. Study design: A cross-sectional, hospital based study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Lady Reading Hospital and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 4th April 2012 to 13th September 2012. Subjects and Methods: A sample of 137 adult heroin addicts were analyzed that whether they were ADHD and that childhood problem continues to manifest symptoms in adults. For retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) symptom checklist for ADHD was used. The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) was used to assess the persisting symptoms of ADHD in adults. Inclusion criteria: Patient diagnosed with heroin addiction according to ICD-9 and DSM-IV. Exclusion criteria: Patient has co-morbid with any other mental illnesses. Results: The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater than the normal patients. Heroin addicts showed 41.6% (WURS) and 38.6% (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) that indicated evidence of retrospective ADHD affliction in childhood. 22.6% were IV users. CAARS was presented in 37.9% heroin addicts who exhibited a substantiation of ADHD persistent in adulthood. The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater (P = 0.003), than the normal patients. Conclusions: These results revealed that addiction is associated with co-morbidity with ADHD, expressed in the form of heroin addiction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18294 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.128-134