bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology of beef production systems according to bioeconomic efficiency in the south of Brazil
Authors: Canozzi Maria Eugênia Andrighetto , Marques Pedro Rocha , Teixeira Odilene de Souza , Pimentel Concepta Margaret McManus , Dill Matheus Dhein , Barcellos Júlio Otávio Jardim
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioeconomic efficiency of beef cattle production systems in the south of Brazil. A survey was conducted with 33 beef cattle farmers operating with complete cycle production systems in areas larger or equal to 900 ha. Answers were classified in two drivers, technology (TEC) and management (MAN), which were separated into subfactors with their respective components. Multiple correspondence analysis, Tukey test, cluster analysis, and Pearson correlation were the statistics procedures. The TEC components were above normal for Brazilian farmers, but the gross margin is still lower than that needed to generate financial resources for a proper remuneration of cattle farmer. Farmers were classified into three clusters according to bioeconomic efficiency: low (LEL), intermediate (IEL), or high-efficiency level (HEL). The TEC driver differentiated the LEL x HEL clusters and the MAN, mainly expressed in costs, the IEL x HEL. Positive correlation between age at first mating and age at slaughter in the HEL cluster explains the higher costs when compared to IEL because of the use of differentiated feed resources. Investments in technologies related to herd feeding in HEL cluster improved the productivity by only 20% and the cost per hectare by 95 USD ha-1 in comparison to IEL cluster. The main differences between farmers are because of the use of technologies related to feeding and cost management. Therefore, before implementing a new technology, an economic evaluation is necessary.
Entre a moral e a política: a “habitação econômica” no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cortado Thomas Jacques
Published: September 2019

Resumo Diante da falta de moradias higiênicas e estéticas para hospedar as classes populares no Rio de Janeiro, as elites, no final do século XIX, imaginaram a solução da “habitação econômica”: um padrão de casa barata, individual e isolada no meio do lote. Com base nas ações e nos discursos daqueles preocupados com a questão da habitação popular, proponho uma “genealogia” desta categoria. A minha hipótese é que a “habitação econômica” fica na confluência de duas “estratégias políticas”, que também articulam dois significados diferentes, embora complementares, da economia: uma, que visa racionalizar a produção de moradia, submetida a um princípio de otimização, e outra, dedicada a moralizar o proletariado, modelando seus comportamentos de acordo com os ideais cristãos das elites, ou seja, a genealogia da “habitação econômica” obriga a pensar igualmente a centralidade da economia na elaboração das “tecnologias políticas” modernas e a economia enquanto “grandeza moral”, modalidade de ordenamento moral do mundo.
Del sacrificio impuesto al sacrificio voluntario. Una contribución para el análisis de la violencia y la muerte en la Guerra de Malvinas
Authors: Panizo Laura Marina
Published: September 2019

Resumen Es muy común encontrar en los testimonios de ex-combatientes o familiares de caídos de la Guerra de Malvinas (1982) la referencia explícita o implícita al sacrificio en el campo de batalla. Sin embargo, lo que se entiende por sacrificio o los sentidos dados al hecho no son los mismos en todos los casos. En este texto voy a proponer una tipología de sacrifico para entender el sentido que se la da a la muerte en la Guerra de Malvinas por diferentes actores sociales. Para ello, en una primera instancia, retomaré los aportes que se hicieron desde las ciencias sociales acerca del sacrificio. Luego, desde una perspectiva antropológica trataré los casos aquí analizados a partir del trabajo de campo realizado durante más de 10 años de investigación, y estableceré una vinculación entre sacrificio y violencia. En este sentido, vamos a analizar los diferentes sentidos otorgados a los muertos a partir de la interpretación dada al sacrifico y su específica relación con los significados acerca de la violencia en la guerra en el marco de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina.
Escalando vulcões: a releitura da dor no parto humanizado
Authors: Russo Jane , Nucci Marina , Silva Fernanda Loureiro , Chazan Lilian K.
Published: September 2019

Resumo Recentemente, o chamado “parto humanizado” tem sido objeto de inúmeros estudos, configurando um movimento social que se expressa publicamente contra o parto hospitalar tradicional, incentivando o uso de práticas “humanizadas” que seriam mais adequadas à fisiologia do parto. Neste trabalho discutimos a forma como esta proposta de um novo modo de parir se articula com uma interpretação renovada da dor do parto. Para nossa análise, utilizamos entrevistas, aulas de capacitação para doulas, blogs, sites, vídeos, filmes e um e-book. Nosso foco prioritário foi o material acessado através da internet, já que boa parte das informações e reivindicações associadas ao movimento circula em redes virtuais. Observamos como o ideário do parto humanizado caracteriza-se por fazer determinadas bricolagens: entre ciência e concepções alternativas do mundo; entre tradição e modernidade. Procuramos mostrar como a dor, ressignificada nesse ideário, torna-se uma componente intrínseca da experiência de dar à luz, e é um valor fundante da nova identidade da mulher-mãe.
Os Huni Kuin na política dos Brancos: eleições, missão e chefia
Authors: Zoppi Miranda
Published: September 2019

Resumo A participação indígena na política partidária brasileira tem aumentado nos últimos anos, como comprovam o número de candidaturas e os atuais resultados eleitorais. Partindo deste contexto, o artigo trata da participação do povo Huni Kuin (família linguística pano), também conhecido como Kaxinawá, na política partidária do município de Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre/Brasil. Desde 1992, os indígenas estão candidatando-se aos cargos de vereador, prefeito e vice-prefeito. A presença nas eleições e o aumento das relações com a “sociedade dos Brancos” produziram transformações no grupo e na vida das lideranças huni kuin. A partir de conceitos nativos, o texto descreve como essas novas relações tiveram como consequência uma reflexão e problematização da noção de política e também mudanças no modo como a representação e a chefia operam. Assim, os Huni Kuin definem a política partidária como a “política dos Brancos”, cuja principal característica é produzir “divisão entre os parentes”; em contraposição, a política huni kuin seria marcada pela “união”. Outra consequência importante é a transição da aldeia para a cidade, onde as lideranças passam a viver para o exercício dos mandatos e a ocupação de cargos no Estado. Os períodos fora da aldeia podem se prolongar por anos e são encarados como uma espécie de “missão” a ser cumprida em benefício do povo, ainda que a estadia na cidade traga dificuldades e perigos.
Efeito da temperatura na cinética de secagem em leito de espuma e na degradação de antocianina em morango
Authors: Vimercati Wallaf Costa , Macedo Leandro Levate , Araújo Cintia da Silva , Teixeira Luciano José Quintão , Saraiva Sérgio Henriques
Published: September 2019

Resumo O morango é uma fruta de grande consumo no mundo e de grande riqueza nutricional, sendo utilizada como ingrediente na elaboração de diversos produtos. No entanto, trata-se de uma fruta de alta perecibilidade, exigindo tecnologias para o aumento da vida útil. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a cinética de secagem e o efeito da temperatura sobre o teor de antocianinas totais do morango. Para isso, a polpa do morango foi obtida e destinada à análise de antocianinas totais e umidade. A albumina a 1% foi adicionada à polpa e submetida à bateção para a elaboração da espuma. A espuma foi disposta em bandejas em secador convectivo nas temperaturas 55, 60, 65, 70 e 75 °C, até peso constante. Os modelos de Henderson e Pabis, Lewis e Page foram ajustados aos dados de razão de umidade. O modelo generalizado da razão de umidade em função da temperatura e tempo de secagem foi construído. O teor de antocianinas totais e a umidade dos pós foram determinados. O modelo de Page foi escolhido para representar a cinética de secagem da polpa de morango, uma vez que apresentou o maior valor do coeficiente de determinação ajustado e o menor erro padrão da regressão. O modelo generalizado obtido foi satisfatório para prever a razão de umidade da polpa de morango, apresentando R2 de 0.98. O teor de antocianinas totais da polpa in natura foi de 235,03 mg / 100 g, reduzindo aproximadamente 50% do conteúdo inicial para todas as temperaturas avaliadas.
Os tempos no Paraguaçu: juventude, mediações culturais e Youtube
Authors: Matos Daniela Abreu , Maia Jussara Peixoto , Vilas-Bôas Valéria Maria
Published: September 2019

Resumo O presente texto analisa as produções audiovisuais da Equipe Iskálifá, coletivo formado por jovens moradores de São Félix-BA, sob a ótica das mediações sociais e mutações culturais, nos termos de Jesus Martin-Barbero. O percurso analítico identifica como a contradição da luta cultural opera em diferentes temporalidades na configuração dos produtos. O objetivo é evidenciar o duplo esforço implicado, de produção de material audiovisual e de sujeitos produtores que revelam movimentos do tempo transpassados por valores, sentidos e práticas hegemônicas, alternativas e oposicionais.
Repensar a comunicação com Raymond Williams: estrutura de sentimento, tecnocultura e paisagens afetivas
Authors: Gomes Itania Maria Mota , Antunes Elton
Published: September 2019

Resumo Neste texto, indicamos a importância da hipótese cultural de estrutura de sentimento, de Raymond Williams, para as discussões e análises que tomam a noção de historicidade como decisiva para as reflexões em torno das práticas comunicativas e culturais. Partimos do reconhecimento de que tal noção permite levar em consideração distintas temporalidades que marcam todo processo social e oferece elementos para pensar metodologicamente o trabalho com textos/textualidades e formas da comunicação, em articulação com a dimensãopolítica que deve marcar essa iniciativa. Elegemos, em nosso percurso, três entradas temáticas para refletirmos a partir, com e para além de Williams: 1) o gesto epistemológico em torno da noção de estrutura de sentimento; 2) a apreensão das determinações e determinismos tecnológicos; 3) sua contribuição para compreendermos os engajamentos identitários, em articulação com paisagens afetivas, aspectos decisivos para se pensar o contemporâneo
Formulation and characterization of antibacterial orthodontic adhesive
Authors: Twomley Jefferson , Wang Yapin , Wen Zezhang , Yu Qingzhao , Ballard Richard , Armbruster Paul , Xu Xiaoming
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate experimental orthodontic bracket adhesives and test their mechanical properties, fluoride release and antibacterial activity. Methods: Four experimental antibacterial orthodontic bracket adhesives were prepared with different compositions of synthesized antibacterial monomers replacing total 5% of dental monomers in the control Transbond XT (3M): 5%C11, 3.5%C11+1.5%C2, 5%C16, and 3.5%C16+1.5%C2. Transbond XT alone was used as control. These groups were used to bond premolar brackets to extracted premolars. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using an Instron machine. For antibacterial test, disk specimens (10mm diameter, 1mm thick, n=4) were fabricated and incubated with cultures of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans for 48h, and following gentle sonication, S. mutans biofilms in colony-forming-units (CFU) on the disks were enumerated by plating on agar medium. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: All experimental groups had similar shear bond strength (no significant difference) to the control. All experimental groups showed significant inhibitory effect against S. mutans biofilm formation, when compared to the control, but there was no significant difference between experimental groups. Conclusion: Antibacterial orthodontic adhesive can be fabricated to have similar mechanical properties but better caries-inhibitory effect than current adhesive.
Orthodontic treatment as an adjunct to periodontal therapy
Authors: Tondelli Pedro Marcelo
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT This study discusses the role of orthodontic treatment as an adjunct to the control and treatment of periodontal disease conditions, and describes a clinical case of severe anterior mandibular crowding and periodontal disease followed up for nine years and three months after orthodontic treatment completion. Malocclusion impaired proper dental hygiene, which led to bone loss and development of a periodontal abscess between mandibular canines and lateral incisors. After scaling and root planing, orthodontic treatment was initiated with extraction of the four second premolars, to correct the deficiency detected in cephalometric and model analysis. Treatment objectives were met, and facial and dental esthetics was satisfactory. Adequate periodontal management, hygiene control and tooth movement ensured ideal occlusion and facilitated the control of biofilm.
Thermo-physical-hydraulic variables in a no-tillage system related to wheeled traffic and furrow-opening mechanisms
Authors: Zulpo Lucas , Kerpen Hyran Stefanowski , Fink Jefferson Antonio , Mazurana Michael , Levien Renato
Published: September 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of different furrow-opening mechanisms on soil physical characteristics, such as mobilization, porosity, bulk density, and the dynamics of water content and temperature in the sowing groove, as well as the influence of wheeled traffic and of these variables on corn (Zea mays) productivity. The experiment was conducted at the agronomic experimental station of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul on a Argissolo Vermelho (red Ultisol). Treatments consisted of three winter cover crops and of two types of furrow-opening mechanisms for fertilization (shank and disk), with or without tractor traffic. Corn was planted as the summer crop, and soil mobilization in the sowing groove, soil temperature and moisture content during the crop cycle, and soil physical conditions, such as bulk density and porosity, were evaluated. Tractor traffic and the type of furrow-opening mechanism used did not affect significantly soil temperature and moisture content during the development of the corn crop; however, significant differences were observed in grain productivity and soil mobilization, bulk density, and porosity.
Meloidogyne javanica parasitism and its impacts on the vegetative parameters, physicochemical composition, and antioxidant potential of beet
Authors: Débia Paula Juliana Grotto , Bolanho Beatriz Cervejeira , Puerari Heriksen Higashi , Dias-Arieira Claudia Regina
Published: September 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of infestation by Meloidogyne javanica on the vegetative development, nutritional characteristics, and antioxidant potential of beet (Beta vulgaris). Inoculation in beet seedlings was performed with 0, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 eggs and with possible second-stage juveniles (J2) of nematodes. Plants were collected 60 days after inoculation for the evaluation of the nematological and vegetative parameters, the physicochemical composition, and the content and activity of antioxidant compounds. The population levels of M. javanica reduced the mass and diameter of the tuber, comparing inoculum levels of 0 and 10,000 eggs + J2 of nematodes. There was a significant difference for the number of galls and nematodes per root system, with a proportional increase of population density according to the inoculation level. The reproduction factor in all infected treatments was above 1. Although the infection by M. javanica reduced the plant protein content, other compounds, such as betalains, sugars, and phenolics, were not affected. The inoculation by M. javanica negatively affects tuber development, but does not alter the antioxidant potential of beet.
CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS, DIPLOMACIA E COLONIALISMO TARDIO: A PARTICIPAÇÃO PORTUGUESA NA COMISSÃO DE COOPERAÇÃO TÉCNICA NA ÁFRICA AO SUL DO SAARA (CCTA)
Authors: ÁGOAS FREDERICO , CASTELO CLÁUDIA
Published: September 2019

RESUMO Instituída no segundo pós-guerra, num contexto de crescente contestação ao colonialismo e como resposta das potências coloniais europeias ao interesse científico das Nações Unidas e de círculos académicos norte-americanos pela África, a Comissão de Cooperação Técnica na África ao Sul do Saara (CCTA) revelou uma atenção particular aos estudos sociais, estabelecendo uma agenda de pesquisas paralela à da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco). Com base nos arquivos diplomático e científico colonial, o artigo analisa a atividade da CCTA naquele domínio e, sobretudo, a participação portuguesa nessas dinâmicas, determinando a importância relativa do país na sua promoção e seus reflexos no campo das ciências sociais em Portugal.
QUANDO NOVOS CONCEITOS ENTRARAM EM CENA: HISTÓRIA INTELECTUAL DO “POPULISMO” E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA GÊNESE DO DEBATE BRASILEIRO SOBRE MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Szwako José , Araujo Ramon
Published: September 2019

RESUMO O texto segue a trajetória da produção de F. Weffort sobre o chamado “populismo” e mostra seus efeitos no debate dos “movimentos sociais urbanos” e também dos “novos personagens em cena” , defendendo uma história intelectual centrada em ideias e nas tensões entre intelectualidade e expectativas políticas. A observação de inflexões e continuidades na tese populista permite chegar a dois resultados. A miríade de conceitos que marcou, em parte, a gênese da discussão brasileira sobre movimentos sociais nasce como crítica e adesão à herança weffortiana. Além disso, o artigo mostra que os novos conceitos não se gestam em algo como um “campo acadêmico”, e sim nascem de inspirações e influências daquele conjunto de intelectuais e das apostas por eles forjadas em seus núcleos na sociedade civil (o Cedec, no caso) ou nas relações com outros atores civis e partidários.
Learning Anytime Predictions in Neural Networks via Adaptive Loss Balancing
Authors: Hu Hanzhang , Dey Debadeepta , Hebert Martial , Bagnell J. Andrew
Published: September 2019

This work considers the trade-off between accuracy and testtime computational cost of deep neural networks (DNNs) via anytime predictions from auxiliary predictions. Specifically, we optimize auxiliary losses jointly in an adaptive weighted sum, where the weights are inversely proportional to average of each loss. Intuitively, this balances the losses to have the same scale. We demonstrate theoretical considerations that motivate this approach from multiple viewpoints, including connecting it to optimizing the geometric mean of the expectation of each loss, an objective that ignores the scale of losses. Experimentally, the adaptive weights induce more competitive anytime predictions on multiple recognition data-sets and models than non-adaptive approaches including weighing all losses equally. In particular, anytime neural networks (ANNs) can achieve the same accuracy faster using adaptive weights on a small network than using static constant weights on a large one. For problems with high performance saturation, we also show a sequence of exponentially deepening ANNs can achieve near-optimal anytime results at any budget, at the cost of a const fraction of extra computation.
Multi-Fidelity Automatic Hyper-Parameter Tuning via Transfer Series Expansion
Authors: Hu Yi-Qi , Yu Yang , Tu Wei-Wei , Yang Qiang , Chen Yuqiang , Dai Wenyuan
Published: September 2019

Automatic machine learning (AutoML) aims at automatically choosing the best configuration for machine learning tasks. However, a configuration evaluation can be very time consuming particularly on learning tasks with large datasets. This limitation usually restrains derivative-free optimization from releasing its full power for a fine configuration search using many evaluations. To alleviate this limitation, in this paper, we propose a derivative-free optimization framework for AutoML using multi-fidelity evaluations. It uses many lowfidelity evaluations on small data subsets and very few highfidelity evaluations on the full dataset. However, the lowfidelity evaluations can be badly biased, and need to be corrected with only a very low cost. We thus propose the Transfer Series Expansion (TSE) that learns the low-fidelity correction predictor efficiently by linearly combining a set of base predictors. The base predictors can be obtained cheaply from down-scaled and experienced tasks. Experimental results on real-world AutoML problems verify that the proposed framework can accelerate derivative-free configuration search significantly by making use of the multi-fidelity evaluations.
Bootstrap Estimated Uncertainty of the Environment Model for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Huang Wenzhen , Zhang Junge , Huang Kaiqi
Published: September 2019

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods attempt to learn a dynamics model to simulate the real environment and utilize the model to make better decisions. However, the learned environment simulator often has more or less model error which would disturb making decision and reduce performance. We propose a bootstrapped model-based RL method which bootstraps the modules in each depth of the planning tree. This method can quantify the uncertainty of environment model on different state-action pairs and lead the agent to explore the pairs with higher uncertainty to reduce the potential model errors. Moreover, we sample target values from their bootstrap distribution to connect the uncertainties at current and subsequent time-steps and introduce the prior mechanism to improve the exploration efficiency. Experiment results demonstrate that our method efficiently decreases model error and outperforms TreeQN and other stateof-the-art methods on multiple Atari games.
Inter-Class Angular Loss for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hui Le , Li Xiang , Gong Chen , Fang Meng , Zhou Joey Tianyi , Yang Jian
Published: September 2019

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown great power in various classification tasks and have achieved remarkable results in practical applications. However, the distinct learning difficulties in discriminating different pairs of classes are largely ignored by the existing networks. For instance, in CIFAR-10 dataset, distinguishing cats from dogs is usually harder than distinguishing horses from ships. By carefully studying the behavior of CNN models in the training process, we observe that the confusion level of two classes is strongly correlated with their angular separability in the feature space. That is, the larger the inter-class angle is, the lower the confusion will be. Based on this observation, we propose a novel loss function dubbed “Inter-Class Angular Loss” (ICAL), which explicitly models the class correlation and can be directly applied to many existing deep networks. By minimizing the proposed ICAL, the networks can effectively discriminate the examples in similar classes by enlarging the angle between their corresponding class vectors. Thorough experimental results on a series of vision and nonvision datasets confirm that ICAL critically improves the discriminative ability of various representative deep neural networks and generates superior performance to the original networks with conventional softmax loss.
Complex Moment-Based Supervised Eigenmap for Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Imakura Akira , Matsuda Momo , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya
Published: September 2019

Dimensionality reduction methods that project highdimensional data to a low-dimensional space by matrix trace optimization are widely used for clustering and classification. The matrix trace optimization problem leads to an eigenvalue problem for a low-dimensional subspace construction, preserving certain properties of the original data. However, most of the existing methods use only a few eigenvectors to construct the low-dimensional space, which may lead to a loss of useful information for achieving successful classification. Herein, to overcome the deficiency of the information loss, we propose a novel complex moment-based supervised eigenmap including multiple eigenvectors for dimensionality reduction. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a general formulation for matrix trace optimization methods to incorporate with ridge regression, which models the linear dependency between covariate variables and univariate labels. To reduce the computational complexity, we also propose an efficient and parallel implementation of the proposed method. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed method is competitive compared with the existing dimensionality reduction methods for the recognition performance. Additionally, the proposed method exhibits high parallel efficiency.
Neural Collective Graphical Models for Estimating Spatio-Temporal Population Flow from Aggregated Data
Authors: Iwata Tomoharu , Shimizu Hitoshi
Published: September 2019

We propose a probabilistic model for estimating population flow, which is defined as populations of the transition between areas over time, given aggregated spatio-temporal population data. Since there is no information about individual trajectories in the aggregated data, it is not straightforward to estimate population flow. With the proposed method, we utilize a collective graphical model with which we can learn individual transition models from the aggregated data by analytically marginalizing the individual locations. Learning a spatio-temporal collective graphical model only from the aggregated data is an ill-posed problem since the number of parameters to be estimated exceeds the number of observations. The proposed method reduces the effective number of parameters by modeling the transition probabilities with a neural network that takes the locations of the origin and the destination areas and the time of day as inputs. By this modeling, we can automatically learn nonlinear spatio-temporal relationships flexibly among transitions, locations, and times. With four real-world population data sets in Japan and China, we demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate the transition population more accurately than existing methods.
Meta-Descent for Online, Continual Prediction
Authors: Jacobsen Andrew , Schlegel Matthew , Linke Cameron , Degris Thomas , White Adam , White Martha
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates different vector step-size adaptation approaches for non-stationary online, continual prediction problems. Vanilla stochastic gradient descent can be considerably improved by scaling the update with a vector of appropriately chosen step-sizes. Many methods, including AdaGrad, RMSProp, and AMSGrad, keep statistics about the learning process to approximate a second order update—a vector approximation of the inverse Hessian. Another family of approaches use meta-gradient descent to adapt the stepsize parameters to minimize prediction error. These metadescent strategies are promising for non-stationary problems, but have not been as extensively explored as quasi-second order methods. We first derive a general, incremental metadescent algorithm, called AdaGain, designed to be applicable to a much broader range of algorithms, including those with semi-gradient updates or even those with accelerations, such as RMSProp. We provide an empirical comparison of methods from both families. We conclude that methods from both families can perform well, but in non-stationary prediction problems the meta-descent methods exhibit advantages. Our method is particularly robust across several prediction problems, and is competitive with the state-of-the-art method on a large-scale, time-series prediction problem on real data from a mobile robot.
Classification with Costly Features Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Janisch Jaromír , Pevný Tomáš , Lisý Viliam
Published: September 2019

We study a classification problem where each feature can be acquired for a cost and the goal is to optimize a trade-off between the expected classification error and the feature cost. We revisit a former approach that has framed the problem as a sequential decision-making problem and solved it by Q-learning with a linear approximation, where individual actions are either requests for feature values or terminate the episode by providing a classification decision. On a set of eight problems, we demonstrate that by replacing the linear approximation with neural networks the approach becomes comparable to the state-of-the-art algorithms developed specifically for this problem. The approach is flexible, as it can be improved with any new reinforcement learning enhancement, it allows inclusion of pre-trained high-performance classifier, and unlike prior art, its performance is robust across all evaluated datasets.
Tile2Vec: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Spatially Distributed Data
Authors: Jean Neal , Wang Sherrie , Samar Anshul , Azzari George , Lobell David , Ermon Stefano
Published: September 2019

Geospatial analysis lacks methods like the word vector representations and pre-trained networks that significantly boost performance across a wide range of natural language and computer vision tasks. To fill this gap, we introduce Tile2Vec, an unsupervised representation learning algorithm that extends the distributional hypothesis from natural language — words appearing in similar contexts tend to have similar meanings — to spatially distributed data. We demonstrate empirically that Tile2Vec learns semantically meaningful representations for both image and non-image datasets. Our learned representations significantly improve performance in downstream classification tasks and, similarly to word vectors, allow visual analogies to be obtained via simple arithmetic in the latent space.
U.S. Corporations' Repatriation of Offshore Profits: Evidence from 2018
Authors: Smolyansky Michael , Suarez Gustavo , Tabova Alexandra
Published: September 2019

We investigate how companies with large holdings of cash abroad have used those funds following the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), which eliminated prior tax disincentives on the repatriation of foreign earnings.
The Distributional Financial Accounts
Authors: Pence Karen , Batty Michael , Briggs Joseph , Smith Paul , Volz Alice
Published: September 2019

This Note describes briefly how the Distributional Financial Accounts (DFAs) are constructed and highlights some of their key features.
Использование исключений по соображениям национальной безопасности как аргумента в торговых спорах в ГАТТ‑47 и ВТО
Authors: Петренко Алексей Владимирович
Published: September 2019

Представлен обзор разных подходов к толкованию наиболее часто применяемого положения соглашений ВТО, содержащего исключения по соображениям национальной безопасности, а именно ст. XXI(b)(iii) ГАТТ. Отдельное внимание уделено предшественникам ВТО для объяснения более широкого контекста правовых вопросов, вызываемых включением ст. XXI в ГАТТ‑94. Приведена аргументация и тактика членов ГАТТ‑47 и ВТО в отдельных случаях, когда они ссылались на исключения по соображениям национальной безопасности. На основе обобщения этой практики дано объяснение, можно ли говорить об эволюции отношения государств к такого рода аргументам, и если да, то в какой мере, а также почему это отношение изменилось.
Liver development v1
Authors: Xu Liqin
Published: September 2019

Investigate the development of embryo liver using single cell RNA-seq.
test DOI v1
Authors: Frolov Vladimir
Published: September 2019

asdasdasdasd
test DOI #2 v1
Authors: Frolov Vladimir
Published: September 2019

asdasd
asdadsasd v1
Authors: Frolov Vladimir
Published: September 2019

asdadasd
Test 1 v1
Authors: Broellochs Anita
Published: September 2019

This is a test. This is a test. This is a test.
Preparing water samples for analysis using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry v1
Authors: Longnecker Krista
Published: September 2019

Solid phase extraction using PPL modified from Dittmar et al. (2008): Dittmar, T.; Koch, B.; Hertkorn, N.; Kattner, G., A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 2008, 6, 230-235
The New Way of Beauty Experience from Korean Wave as Vocational Guidance in Indonesia
Authors: Nurbayani Siti , Annuraini A.
Published: September 2019

Korean Wave called Hallyu is the most phenomenal global culture that spread around the world as well as Indonesia. Along with Hallyu syndrome, plastic surgery began to be known by the Korean fans in Indonesia. Participation of the media, in particular, information technology became an important key by the Korean wave invasion. Korean idol who is so pretty and charming make Korean fans want to emulate his idol. This study aims to discuss how the views of Indonesian young women within decision making undergo plastic surgery in beauty experience as the effect of the Korean wave invasion. Data were collected using a qualitative method by face-to-face interviews. Purposive sampling will be used for election respondent to Indonesian young women as Korean fans. The findings from this study show that Indonesian young women wish to have a face and body like a Korean idol. However, they did not even think to undergo plastic surgery. Culture, religious, and social expectations are the reason they do not undergo plastic surgery. They prefer to empower themselves through cosmetic skills in make-up and exercising. And it is used as a vocational guidance especially in beauty experience.
Effect of Competency, Work Motivation, Industrial Work Experience and Facilities on the Readiness of Work for Senior High School Graduates in Electro Expertise Programs
Authors: Mustikawanto A.
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of competency on vocational readiness readiness, the effect of work motivation on vocational graduates' readiness, the influence of the internship experience on the work readiness, the influence of learning facilities on the work readiness, and the effect of competency, work motivation, internship experience and learning tools together on job readiness. The research method used in this study is by using descriptive research methods with quantitative approaches. The population of this study were all students of the Vocational Electrical Skills Program in West Java Province with sample of 604 students. Data collection uses the questionnaire method or questionnaire. The trial of the research instrument was carried out on students of SMK 1 Katapang as many as 60 students of class XII Industrial Electronics Expertise Program. The results of this study are competence, work motivation, the internship experience, and work practice experience has a positive and significant effect on the work readiness, and competency, work motivation, experience of internship and learning facilities together have a positive and significant effect on work readiness of vocational graduates these four variables together affect work readiness.
Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Prenatal Yoga Among Women with High-Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Deshmukh Shilpa , Seely Ellen W. , Brickley Tess , Zera Chloe
Published: September 2019

This study sought to evaluate attitudes and knowledge about prenatal yoga and to investigate barriers and facilitators to yoga participation in high-risk pregnant women receiving prenatal care in an academic tertiary care center. We surveyed a convenience sample of women receiving prenatal care through the Maternal-Fetal Medicine practice at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. We classified participants as yoga-experienced or yoga-naive depending on self-report. We compared differences between the two groups using the appropriate nonparametric tests and compared bivariate odds ratios for survey results using logistic regression. Of the 100 respondents, 53% had practiced yoga previously. Women with yoga experience were older (age 34.9 ± 5.6 vs. 31.0 ± 6.0 years, p = 0.004), more likely to be college graduates (94% vs. 68%, p = 0.002), and more likely to be White (77% vs. 47%, p = 0.002) than women without previous yoga experience. Previous yoga experience was associated with participant agreement that yoga was safe during their current pregnancy (odds ratio 5.9, 95% confidence interval 1.9–17.7). Of the women surveyed, 56% agreed that they would like to attend a prenatal yoga class. In a multivariate model including age, race, and education, previous yoga experience was the only significant predictor associated with willingness to participate in prenatal yoga classes during current pregnancy (odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1–8.6). Prior yoga experience was the strongest predictor of willingness to attend a prenatal yoga class in our population. Our results suggest that women with high-risk pregnancies who may benefit from prenatal yoga interventions but lack prior yoga experience may need additional education to facilitate participation.
In vitro Analysis of Nine MicroRNAs in CD8+ T Cells of Asthmatic Patients and the Effects of Two FDA-approved Drugs
Authors: Badalzadeh Mohsen , Mazinani Marzieh , Pourpak Zahra , Heidarnazhad Hassan , Mortaz Esmaeil , Moin Mostafa , Farazmand Ali
Published: September 2019

In this study, we first tried to determine whether the expression level of 9 miRNAs in the peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of asthmatic patients varies from that of controls, and secondly, we investigated the effects of fluticasone furoate and vilanterol on the expression level of these miRNAs.
Fifteen subjects including 8 healthy individuals and 7 asthmatic patients were included in this study. CD8+T cells were isolated from participants' peripheral blood by a negative selection method using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The expression of 9 miRNAs was examined between the healthy individuals and asthmatic patients. Then the expression level of 9 miRNAs before and after treatment with the drugs was examined by quantitative real-time PCR.
No significant changes in the expression level of 9 miRNAs were observed in asthmatic patients compared to the healthy controls. Fluticasone and vilanterol, in combination, had the greatest effect on miRNA expression. MiR-150 and miR-106a were the most and the least miRNAs, respectively, present in CD8+ T cells of patients and controls. MiR-106a and miR-126 had a positive correlation in CD8+ cells of asthmatic patients.
Although no significant difference in the expression level of studies miRNAs was observed, the correlations among miRNAs were significant. Therefore, we suggest that the correlation between miRNAs would be a very important factor in physiological and pathological conditions in healthy individuals and asthmatic patients. Such a miRNA-miRNA correlation network can be even more critical than any changes in the variation of their expression in the CD8+ T cells.
Knowledge and attitude toward genetic diseases and genetic tests among pre-marriage individuals: A cross-sectional study in northern Iran
Authors: Bagher Hashemi-Soteh Mohammad , Vali Nejad Ali , Ataei Golamreza , Ghasemi Dariush , Siamy Rita
Published: September 2019

Background: Genetic testing has been widely introduced for many hereditary disorders. While the attitudes towards these facilities have been evaluated in many countries, there are only a few reports on the knowledge of and the orientation among Iranians.
Objective: The current study assesses the attitudes and knowledge of pre-marriage individuals toward the availability and use of genetic tests.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed among 408 marrying individuals. The questions addressed the demographic characteristics along the registration of participant’s knowledge, education, and attitude toward genetic testing. The individuals were divided into three groups based on their knowledge: 1) Scored above 80 to 100 were defined as “good” 2) 60 to 80 as “average” 3) less than 60 as “poor” knowledge.
Result: Most participants (86%) believed consanguineous marriages increase the risk of genetic diseases; 82.3% knew that thalassemia is a type of genetic disease, only 33.3% could distinguish prenatal diagnosis (PND) from other laboratory tests. The relationship between the participants’ knowledge and their level of education was significant (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), age (r =–0.16, p < 0.01), and urbanity (p < 0.01). A prominent relationship was observed between the knowledge (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) or education (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and people’s desire to use the genetic tests before the wedding ceremony. No significant correlations were found between the participant’s attitude and their ages/urbanity. Most of the individuals agreed to arrange a genetic counseling before marriage (0.94%).
Conclusion: This study revealed that most individuals were interested in using genetic counseling services and genetic tests before marriage.
Expression of testicular phosphorylated proteins in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus in mice: An experimental study
Authors: Sampannang Apichakan , Arun Supatcharee , Burawat Jaturon , Sukhorum Wannisa , Iamsaard Sitthichai
Published: September 2019

Background: Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to be the cause of sub/infertility. However, the comparisons of potential markers in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in DM males have never been elucidated.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the expressions of tyrosine-phosphorylated and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) proteins in testis of DM mice.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-six male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 14/ each): control of MLD-STZ (multiple low doses of streptozotocin), MLD-STZ, control of HFD-STZ (high-fat diet with STZ), and HFD-STZ. MLD-STZ mice (type 1 DM) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with STZ at 40 mg/kg BW for five days. HFD-STZ mice (type 2 DM) received an HFD for 14 days and i.p.-induced by STZ at 85 mg/kg BW and fed with HFD. At the end of the experiment (days 36 and 72), the expressions of phosphorylated proteins and StAR were examined.
Results: Tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were localized in late spermatids, luminal fluid, and Leydig cells. The intensities of phosphorylated 110, 85, 72, 60, and 55 kDas were lower in the 36 day-DM mice. Although such intensities were present in both groups, only 85 kDa in the MLD-STZ mice was higher in HFD mice at 72 days. StAR expressions in both groups were decreased than that of the controls.
Conclusion: Decreased expressions of StAR and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins may be directly involved in low testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis. These findings support the notion that both DM types play a role in male infertility.
Breast density in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients: A case-control study
Authors: Eslami Bita , Alipour Sadaf , Hosseini Reihaneh , Fattah Bentolhoda , Moini Ashraf
Published: September 2019

Background: Epidemiological studies suggested a positive relationship between breast density and risk of breast cancer. One of the common hormonal disorders in women’s reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and the results from the studies about the risk of breast cancer among PCOS patients are equivocal.
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the breast density in PCOS patients compared with the control group.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the PCOS patients who were older than 40 years and were referred to infertility or gynecology outpatient clinic of Arash women’s hospital between 2015 and 2017 were selected as the case group. Control group was selected from healthy women who attended the same hospital and were older than 40 years. By digital mammography, breast density was classified according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) of the American College of Radiology and it was graded by one expert radiologist.
Results: Final analysis in 68 cases and controls showed statistically significant differences between breast densities in PCOS patients compared to the control (p = 0.03), and when the analysis was conducted by considering the category of age, the control group who were younger than 45 years had higher breast density compared with PCOS patient. Multivariate logistic regression analyses manifested a statistically significant adverse association between body mass index (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95), vitamin D intake (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.81), and breast density.
Conclusion: Our data suggested that the PCOS patients had lower breast density compared with normal population. However, in multivariate analysis, considering other confounders, this association was not confirmed.
The Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Productivity of Health Information Management Staff in Educational Hospitals of Isfahan
Authors: Sadeqi Jabali Monireh , Jahanbakhsh Maryam , Torki Sedigheh , Peykani Qarneh Fatemeh , Safari Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: September 2019

Background: Hospital, as one of the most important organizations for health promotion, requires efficient and effective human resources. Health information management staffs are responsible for storing, processing, and distributing information used to improve the quality of healthcare services. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quality of work-life and productivity of health information management staff.
Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 staffs of health information management department in an educational hospital of Isfahan in 2017.  The data were collected using Walton Work Quality life Questionnaire and Gold Smith's Manpower Productivity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and linear regression analysis by SPSS 18.
Results: Average scores for the quality of work life and productivity were 2.65 ± 0.51 and 2.64 ± 0.42, respectively. According to one-sample t-test, these scores had a significant difference with the moderate level (p < 0.05). Based on the Pearson correlation test, the quality of work life had a direct and significant relationship with the productivity of staff (r = 0.73 and p < 0.05). Independent t-test showed that the average score of productivity in men was significantly higher than women (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the direct and significant relationship between the quality of work life and productivity in the staff of health information management department as well as the low level of these two components, the relevant authorities should take appropriate measures. These approaches include safe physical design of workspace and establishment of a fair payment system in accordance with the working conditions of this department. The quality of work life should be improved since it affects the quality of service delivery and staff productivity.