bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE ISSUE OF FORMATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNDERGROUND ORGANS IN ONTOGENY
Authors: Alekseeva Elena Valentinovna , Alekseev Petr Veniaminovich
Published: December 2020

Ecological and biological assessment and research at the population level securities flora are most relevant. From this point of view, of great scientific and practical interest Astragalus propinquus Schischk. This paper presents a synthesis to identify the characteristics of development in ontogenesis and formation of the morphological structure in perennial herbaceous polycarpic A.propinquus and his vicar species A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus. Is closely related species cemeystva Fabaceae genus Astragalus. These species are among the 50 basic medicinal plant resources of traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine. We have studied the structure and age structure of populations of Astragalus propinguus, A. membranaceus, state of populations and features of morphogenesis A.mongholicus in Northern Mongolia. By life form species belong to many-headed longrod grassy polycarpic with monocarpic shoots elongated type, consistently developing and replacing each other; hemicryptophytes. In the ontogeny of the species studied clearly distinguished 4 periods: latent, pregenerativny, generative and postgenerativny. The ten states of age: seeds (se), the seedlings (p), juvenile (j), immature (im), virginal (v), the young generative (g1), srednegenerativnye (g2), the old generative (g3), subsenilnye (ss ) and senile (s). Ontogeny complete simple. Thus, the morphological structure of the underground organs A.propinquus, A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus formed sequentially, there are four stages of formation: predkaudeksnogo development, formation obratnokonusovidnoy forms caudex, forming razvalistoy forms caudex and particulation with incomplete separation caudex, which corresponds to four periods ontogeny.
GENETIC BASE FOR SYMPATRY OF YELLOW WAGTAIL MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758 AND YELLOW-HEADED WAGTAIL MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS , 1776 (MOTACILLIDAE, PASSERIFORMES) IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Artemyeva Elena Alexandrovna , Mishchenko Andrei Vladimirovich , Makarov Denis Konstantinovich
Published: December 2020

We investigated the genetic basis between sympatric breeding population yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellow-headed wagtail Motacilla citreola in the Middle Volga region. We lead the phylogeographic analysis of the nucleotide sequences in the mitochondrial gene of oxidase I cytochromes in yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellow headed wagtail M. citreola populations of Middle Volga. As part of the traditionally recognized species M. flava and M. citreola revealed the existence of separate lines, common in the European part of Russia and neighboring countries and associated with the presence of Middle Volga populations of subspecies of M. f. flava, M. f. thunbergi and M. c. citreola, M. c. werae respectively. The forms of M. c. citreola and M. c. werae due to significant genetic distances deserve assigning them the status of the species. These results suggest that, despite the broad sympatry in nesting places, there is a selective mating between males and females of each species studied, which prevents from the free crossing and supports the insulating mechanisms in populations
QUALITY ASSESSMENT TERRITORY ADJACENT TO THE «DRILLING EQUIPMENT PLANT»
Authors: Garitskaya Marina Yuryevna , Baitelova Alina Ivanovna , Pikus Ludmila Andreevna , Kosacheva Kristina Andreevna
Published: December 2020

Soil, performing a number of important functions is the geomembrane and affects the flow of most processes in the biosphere. Wherein geochemical processes occurring in the soil play an important role in the fate of contaminants as organic matter while controlling their redistribution in the ecosystem between its various components are generally leads to the formation of stable areas of contamination. The soil not only geochemically components accumulates contaminants, but also acts as a natural buffer that controls the transfer of chemical elements and compounds in the atmosphere. Around industrial enterprises formed geochemical anomalies with high content of pollutants, which can reach a radius of 10-50 km, and the impact of large industrial centers can be traced to a distance of 100 km. All known processes of metal accompanied by the formation of large amounts of waste that pollutes air, water and land surface. Mechanical engineering is an important industry of the Orenburg region and is represented by enterprises of the military-industrial complex, agricultural machinery, machine tools, equipment for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, vehicles, electric household appliances. In the machine-building complex of the Orenburg region includes more than 70 large enterprises. The share of engineering products in the volume of industrial production is about 8%. In this case, the natural environment of the city of Orenburg slabozaschischena from most adverse geo-environmental factors. Based on this, we carried out a study on the quality of soil and environmental situation prevailing in the city of Orenburg, in the zone of influence of the enterprise Plant drilling equipment.
THE DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OXYTROPIS SPICATA (PALL.) O. ET B. FEDTSCH. (FABACEAE) IN SAMARA REGION
Authors: Ilina Valentina Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

This article presents the main results of years of research demographic characteristics of natural coenopopulations of rare species in Samara flora Oxytropis spicata (Pall.) O. et B. Fedtsch. (Fabaceae). This representative of the local steppe flora included in lists of protected region with the status of rarity (3/A) - an extremely rare species, drastically reducing their numbers. Studies of species population conducted by us in the years 2000-2013 on the territory of Samara High Zavolzhje in seven points. In the surveyed habitats there are small clusters of individuals. In ontogenetic specter populations lead generative individuals, have a long existence in this period of ontogenesis. The largest share of the population is characterized by a generative individuals to Sernovodsk Sheehan and Vysokaja gora (Sergievsk area of Samara region). Until-generative individuals in the populations studied are mainly represented by virginal instances. Duration stages Until-generative period ranges from a few days to a few weeks, the number of surviving seedlings small. Indices restoration and replacement of individuals in populations have high values. Population dynamics ща Oxytropis is fluctuating character. Often, however, there is a gradual decline in the proportion of mature generative individuals during their transition to a later state of ontogeny, which leads to aging populations and causes loss of species phytocenoses. It is noted that the features of ontogenesis and the demographic structure of populations of O. spicata indicate the need for further protection of the species in the region and changes conservation status in the Red Book of Samara region (3/B - a very rare species, gradually reducing the number).
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF ISCHEMIC-HYPOXIC LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS
Authors: Ledyaikina Lyudmila Viktorovna , Balykova Larisa Alexandrovna , Garina Svetlana Vasilyevna , Soldatova Olga Nikolaevna , Tolkunova A A , Stradina A A , Gerasimenko Alexey Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

The problem of perinatal morbidity in case of insufficiently high fertility in Russia is one of the most relevant at the monent. The leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality continue to remain hypoxic-ischemic brain damage the fetus and newborn. Ischemic-hypoxic damage of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most dangerous and prognostic significance. They often fatal and takes a leading role in the future of children and maladjustment of severe disabling diseases. Introduction of innovative medical technologies in health care practice greatly enhances the study of the causes of many diseases and abnormalities in newborns and helps to clarify the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical and morphological structure, as well as typical for different gestational age localization of brain damage. It is shown that the generalized disorder of lipid metabolism with the development membranodestruktive processes is closely correlated with the severity of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system. It was found that infants who underwent antenatal and / or intranatal hypoxia, there are significant transformation of lipid metabolism lead to changes in the composition of lipids of blood plasma and red blood cells (with the accumulation level of chaotropic fractions phospholipid bilayer membranes of red blood cells - Lizoform phospholipids and free fatty acids). The necessity inclusion complex therapy consequences of perinatal hypoxia drugs, which have antioxidant, antihypoxic activity and the ability to regulate lipid metabolism.
SAMARA EXPEDITION TO EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANCIENT POTTERY (SEEIDG): 25 YEARS
Authors: Vasil'yeva Irina Nikolaevna , Salugina Natalya Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to presenting a brief history of the organization and carrying out for 25 years Samara expedition to the experimental study of ancient pottery. Organization of this expedition was due to the need to solve problems related to the study of ancient pottery techniques. The authors examined the concept of cultural tradition in the pottery and is designed structure of the experiment in the field of pottery technology. The main task of technological research in the framework of historical and cultural areas developed A.A.Bobrinskim, is the study of traces of in fractures and on the surface of archaeological vessels arising from the use of certain methods of the ancient potters work. The result of technological research is the reconstruction of the cultural traditions that have existed among the study population. Methods of studying pottery technology is based on a binocular microscope, trasologii and experiment in the form of physical modeling and assumes the reference series. The objectives of the expedition was to create a basic reference collections for all the stages of pottery production, as well as experiments on the problems arising in the analysis of particular archaeological ceramics. The article analyzes the realized expedition general and individual programs in two areas: research and education, and provides a list of reference collections of feedstock, molding compositions and methods for treating surfaces that are available for study.
RECONSTITUTION DES CHAINES OPERATOIRES DE FABRICATION DES CERAMIQUES NEOLITHIQUES DANS LE BASSIN PARISIEN RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROCESS TECHNIQUES OF THE NEOLITHIC POTTERY IN PARIS BASIN: A RESEARCH ASSESSMENT
Authors: Giligny François
Published: December 2020

Depuis une quinzaine d'annes, les travaux de reconstitution des chanes opratoires de faonnage de la cramique ont t raliss sur des corpus nolithiques du Bassin parisien et du nord de la France. Ces travaux sont mens par le biais de mmoires universitaires ou de programmes de recherches et sont encore largement indits. Ils sont bass sur les principes noncs ds les annes 1950 par les archologues et ethnologues des techniques sous l'gide en France d'A. Leroi-Gourhan et d'Hlne Balfet (1953) et ont t connu un regain d'intrt dans les annes 1990 2000 (Astruc et al. 2004, Giligny and Mry 2010). Ils sont galement fonds sur une tradition des tudes de matriaux cramiques mens en parallle ds les annes 1980 (Constantin and Courtois1980). Le principe de ces travaux est bas sur une approche double : une analyse et description des stigmates et macrotraces de faonnage ainsi que des reconstitutions exprimentales afin de tester les chanes opratoires. Les premires donnes nous permettront une approche trans-culturelle et une reconstitution de l'histoire des mthodes de production des premires cramiques dans le nord de la France. Ils permettent aussi d'apprhender de manires anthropologique les relations entre technique et socit. Abstract : Since about fifteen years, works of reconstruction of the pottery operational sequence of manufacturing were realized on corpuses of the Neolithic of Paris Basin and the North of France. These works were led within the framework of university memoirs or of research programs and are still widely unpublished. They are based on the principles expressed from the 1950s by archaeologists and ethnologists of techniques trained in France by A. Leroi-Gourhan as Hlne Balfet (1953) [1] renewed in the 1990s to 2000 [2; 3]. They also lean on a tradition of the ceramic materials studies led in parallel since the 1980s [4]. The principle of these works bases on a two-pronged approach: an analysis and a description of stigmas and shaping fabric marks and the experimental reconstructions to test the hypotheses of operational sequences. The first data repository will have to allow later a cross-cultural approach and a reconstruction of the history of the production methods of the first potteries in northern France. They also allow to work on the anthropological analysis of the relationship between technique and society.
PETROGRAPHY FOR ASSESSMENT OF MOULDING COMPOUND OF ANCIENT POTTERY
Authors: Kulkova Marianna Altkseevna
Published: December 2020

Ancient ceramics are the valuable artifacts which saves the information about ancient people and their traditions. The process of making pottery is begun with the choosing and preparation of raw clay and temper material and further applying of different techniques (moulding of vessel, decoration etc.) and finally firing. Petrographical analysis of ancient pottery allows to determine the mineralogical composition of ceramic matrix, the features of their technology and to identify the raw mineral sources (Feliu et al. 2004, Papadopoulou et al. 2006, Bastie et al. 2006). Such kind investigations expand the frames of our knowledge about ancient technological traditions in pottery making. The following characteristics could be determined in thin-sections of ceramic shards: nature and features of plastic and aplastic inclusions; textural and optical characteristics of clay matrix; shape, amount and orientation of pores; features of surface treatment, decoration. This information is animportant for understanding of principles of ancient technologies. The different temper materials inside clay matrix such as sand, crushed rocks, organic materials, shells, grog can be identified accurately using petrography. The ceramic structure and characteristics of mineral changes during the firing are indicators of firing temperatures and atmosphere. A distribution of clay particles and porous inside of ceramic matrix is useful for reconstruction of moulding methods. The study of ceramic collection of the same cultural tradition and from the same region using petrography gives the possibility for differentiation of the natural and cultural factors influenced on the choose of raw materials, variations in the ceramic composition and techniques. This method is one the most precise for identification of an import pottery.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RESEARCH ANCIENT CERAMICS: TRADITIONAL AND THE LATEST METHODS
Authors: Molodin Vyacheslav Ivanovich , Mylnikova Ludmila Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

Presents traditional and new methods of studying ancient pottery. Stressed that in the world literature there is practically no standard (or at least consistent) approach to the study of ancient ceramics samples using the methods of the natural sciences. Was marked severities and shortcomings and the main is: lack of access for archaeologists to use physical and chemical methods; unsystematic and randomness of the results; the inability to compare results. Lack of specialists among archaeologists and weak interest natural scientists led to the fact that have not yet been generalized instructional techniques of individual tests. The methods used for the study of ceramics, do not become the subject of training in higher educational institutions. That's why many archaeologists who study the technology of ancient pottery do not accept these methods because of considering them formal. Noted that the instrumental analysis using the methods of the natural sciences is aimed primarily at identifying those features that allow you to identify the technical and technological traditions and techniques of ancient pottery: raw materials strategy formulation and molding compounds. We propose a set of analytical methods that can be used for the reconstruction of pottery technology. On the example of the ceramic collections of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, the transition time from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age shows the possibility of some of the methods of the natural sciences: petrography, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis. It is concluded that the use of physical and chemical methods for the study of ancient ceramics can significantly enhance the ability of research material compared to traditional methods and increase the level of evidence and the objectivity for the historical and cultural situation.
PRIVOLZHSKY DISTRICT MILITARY-BUILDING MANAGEMENTS DURING THE PREMILITARY PERIOD OF 1941
Authors: Bogdanov Evgeny Gennadevich
Published: December 2020

In article activity of Privolzhsky district military-building management during the premilitary period of 1941 the given time in organisation activity is analyzed characterised by revision of volumes and kinds of carried out works. Building of the major objects of rear and defensive value for such customers as the national commissariat of defence, the national commissariat of arms, Management of the state mobilisation reserves became the primary goal of Privolzhsky district military-building management. civil objects, repair work appeared in plans, measures on expansion of own building were taken. new problems have demanded from a management of the organisation of wide introduction and a mechanisation effective utilisation. Work on increase of labour productivity of workers by training of new workers and improvement of professional skill was spent. the basic method of stimulation was the wages increase which size depended on an overall performance that promoted development movements and shock work. importance of the premilitary period is characterised by actions for maintenance of building sites with new engineering specifications which promoted economy of working hours and materials, at preservation of necessary qualitative level of erected objects. the major contribution to development of Privolzhsky district military-building management was brought by the working organisations which have developed hundreds of efficiency proposals, proved in invention and design activity.
TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EARLY-LATE NEOLITHIC POTTERY IN DNEPR-DVINA REGION, TECHNOLOGICAL TRACES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION
Authors: Dolbunova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Mazurkevich Andrey Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

Different approaches of pottery making analysis are represented in this article. Major role is devoted to the description of technological traces, which can be observed on pottery of early-late neolithic in dnepr-dvina region, as well as to variety of methods that can be used in the analysis of ceramics manufacture techniques. different ethnographic evidences are discussed here, which allow interpreting changes occurred in technological sphere, that might not always be connected with cultural factors. description of operational sequences used for pottery making dated to early-late neolithic of this region, is represented in this article. characteristic features of these techniques, existed at different periods are analyzed, as well as changes occurred in different parts ofexisted operational sequences. it is supposed that similarity of decor, technology of pottery making, and vessels forms, typical for synchronous sites located in different parts of dnepr-dvina region, might be a marker of one society lived on this territory. Whereas local features in vessels form, decor, and technology of pottery assemblages located on definite sites within small microregions, might reflect cultural identity of society/societies lived there.
CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN SELECTION OF FEEDSTOCK AND MINERAL ADMIXTURESIN CERAMICS PRODUCTION (ON THE GROUND OF MATERIALS FROM THE MOUNTAINOUS, FOOTHILL, STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE AREAS OF ALTAI)
Authors: Stepanova Nadejda Fedorovna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to generalization of results of the technical and technological analysis of the ceramics from settlement and funeral complexes of altai dated from the neolithic era to the Middle ages. cultural traditions in selection of feedstock and preparation of moulding masses, depending on landscape characteristics of territories where monuments are found, are analyzed in the article. it is established that for steppe, forest-steppe and foothill areas the use of ferruginous (iron-rich) flexible clays is characteristic, and as for mountain areas, the use of low ferruginous and medium ferruginous claylike material is typical. differences of cultural traditions and differences in use of mineral admixtures, coinciding with landscape characteristics of areas where monuments are located, are revealed. the addition of chamotte is typical for forest-steppe and steppe altai (69% and 65%), and the addition of gruss - for foothill altai (69%). in Mountain altai production of ceramics without artificially entered mineral admixtures was the main tradition: chamotte and gruss are recorded in 13% and 17% of vessels, respectively, that in total makes 30%. the mixed recipes (gruss + chamotte) prevail in peripheral regions of the foothill zone. such observations allowed drawing a conclusion that in areas with stone outcrop gruss had been added to moulding masses, and chamotte had been added in places with no stone outcrop. the mixed recipes (gruss+ chamotte) reflect not only the merging of cultural traditions, but also the mixing of population from the areas with different landscape characteristics.
On the identification of ecological optimum of bryophytes
Authors: Bogdanova Yana Andreevna , Korchikov Evgeny Sergeyevich , Prokhorova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

This article describes a method for detecting synecological optima of bryophytes and the possibility of their use in phytoindication of ecological conditions of the biotope. Bryophytes may take a significant part in plant communities, they have the ability to accumulate heavy metals, they can be used to determine the degree of the anthropogenic load and of the formation of forest communities. All this makes them excellent bioindicators, which can give an almost complete description of the plant community. But to do this it is necessary to know the environmental optima of mosses. At the moment, there are sparse data on the environmental characteristics of the bryophytes, it is not always clear how these characteristics were obtained. Currently, there are several ways to determine the environmental optima of the bryophytes based on the occurrence data and the projective cover of mosses. These methods use L.G. Ramenskiy's scales for vascular plants, these scales are extrapolated to bryophytes. Using our experience in defining synecological optima of lichen, we offer a graphical method for identifying ecological optimum of the bryophytes in which A.L. Bellegard's ecomorph scales are applied in the modification of N.M. Matveev (for the forest-steppe zone) and D.N. Tsyganov (for the coniferous-deciduous forest subzone). The essence of this method is the plotting of a graph of the quantitative characteristics of a particular moss depending on the environmental factors. For this you need to carry out phytoindication of the biotope community by using vascular plants and determine the average cover of moss or vitality of this moss.
The Crustcea and Rotifera in the pond near «Piramida» shopping mall (Samara) in 2013
Authors: Gerasimov Yuri Leonidovich , Shabanova Anna Vsevolodovna
Published: December 2020

The composition and population sizez of the Crustacea and Rorifera species were studied in an urban pond after its melioration. 30 Rotifera species (52 species before melioration) and 20 Crustacea species (33 species before melioration) were found in 2013. Brachionidae, Synchaetidae и Asplanchnidae remain dominant in the Rotifera community. Cyclopoidae were dominant in the Crustacea community (Daphniidae dominated before melioration). The quantity of Bosminidae и Chydoridae considerably increased. On the whole the quantity of animal plankton decreased by 15% in 2013. In 2010 rises of the quantity were observed twice, in June and in August; in 2013 there was only one rise of the quantity of the plankton in July. The number of female individuals with eggs increased. The pond refers to the -mesosaprobic zone, the level of contamination in terms of saprobity indicators decreased. The Shannon index of species diversity was calculated. Removal of macrophytes caused decrease of littoral species and growth of plankton invertebrates. The hydrochemical analysis revealed the excess of the maximum permissible concentration of BOC₅, АSАS, Cu, Fe and Zn.
Synanthropic plants as indicators of the ecological state of city of Samara
Authors: Ivanova Natalya Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the analysis of synanthropic flora of Samara. It surveys the history of the research of the flora of the city of Samara, and states that it is possible to base the estimation of the ecological condition of the city of Samara on the process and degree of synanthropy. When studying urbanoflorae different authors define the concept of synanthropic flora differently. O.P. Vinkovskaya, E.P. Gnatyuk, and G.S. Antipina, K.V. Kachkin, I.G. Sokolova, T.V. Astakhova, T.A.Terekhina dealt with issues of terminology. The author believes that the synantropic flora consists of adventitious cultivated plants, adventitious ruderal weeds and apofyte types. In the conditions of the increasing anthropogenous change the process of synanthropization of the vegetable cover becomesquite urgent. The article describes the structure of the synanthropic fraction of the urban flora of Samara. The author notes that in the synanthropic fraction the share of monocotyledonous plants has considerably decreased, and that the adventitious species prevail, the flora being made up by forest-steppe boreal, nemoral and multizone plants. In the analysis of the synanthropic component of the flora such indicators as the flora synanthropy index, the adventivity index, index of the apofyteness and the index of cultivation have been calculated. The author comes to the the conclusion that synanthropy causes reduction of the flora variety.
To the problem of classification of ecosystems of south-east Ukraine
Authors: Ostapko Vladimir Mikhailovich , Shevchuk Oksana Mikhailovna , Prikhodko Svetlana Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

This work addresses modern approaches to the classification of ecosystems as a tool for understanding of their diversity and relation to geographical and environmental systemic factors, as well as for solving practical problems of conservation and rational management. A classification of ecosystems of south east Ukraine is given based on the dominant vegetation classification. The basis of classification is the division of ecosystems according to the type of macroecotope (watershed, gully, above flood-plain terrace, floodplain) and edaphotope (developed black soil, washed away black soil on rocky sandstone outcrops, shale, granite, marl, limestone, chalk, sandy and meadow soils). The basis for the division of ecosystems of the same level of each class is based on different features: topical, physionomic, edaphic, dynamic. Classification is based on hierarchical principle. The class of natural ecosystems with dominance of phanerophytes includes ecosystems of coniferous forests and deciduous forest ecosystems of nemoral type, represented mainly by lowland-watershed, gully (ravine) oakeries. The class of natural grass and shrub ecosystems is represented by wetland, grassland and extremely diverse steppe ecosystems. Both classes include ecosystems with different moistening, soil erosion and confinement to edafotopes, developed at the outcrops of different rock types. Class of anthropogenic ecosystems is outlined in general and needs more detailed study. We compiled a lists of formations and subformations of vegetation, belonging to of the lower hierarchy level ecosystems.
Daily activity time budgets of leaf-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) at different stages of their generation cycle
Authors: Pavlov Sergey Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

Native (natural) motor responses in the active life phases (adult and larvae) of 4 species of leaf-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of a one-year generation were studied in natural and laboratory conditions in the Samara region during 19742010. Depending on the dominant biological program at each stage of ontogenesis, type of motor activity (specific movements) and time budgets for the implementation of these movements, the entire generation (reproductive) cycle was divided into 4 stages the functional unit of behavioral reactions. These powers include precopulatory period (puberty adult), stage of copulation (mating adults), the stage of ovulation (the maturation and oviposition) and the stage of embryogenesis (hatching and larvae development). The dynamics of the duration of the light period of the day (when the beetles are active) is considered throughout the observation period. The duration of useful time of the light period of the day (for this latitude) is calculated, i.e. the astronomical day length minus the length of morning and evening twilight (when it is relatively cold, the dew falls, and the insects are inactive), exactly the period when the beetles are most mobile. Real time budgets of motor activity in the period of daylight hours at different stages of the lasting cycle are estimated. The main types of motor responses of leaf beetles are recorded and examined. It is established that all in all there are 13 such reactions, of them 5 are common for all stages, 8 are specific.
Microbiological monitoring of anthropogenically transformed soils
Authors: Simonova Elena Vasil'evna , Maksimova Evgenija Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The article presents results of microbiological monitoring of artificial soils. These soils were formed in the process of reclaiming technical lignin in special drives of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill (Irkutsk region). The test drives are in Solzanskom landfill, which is located between the vil. Solzan and the r. Bol'shaja Osinovka south of Irkutsk Ulan-Ude highway. Investigations were carried out in drives № 1, № 4, № 5, № 6. Soil samples were homogenized in a selected point on three levels. Evaluation of sludge lignin was conducted in accordance with generally accepted sanitary and microbiological methods of investigation of soils, using the integral index of general contamination of the soil. The research shows the role of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in microbiocenosis. The degree of contamination of the soil is strong. The ratio of prokaryotic to eukaryotic microorganisms is 3:1 on the average. This suggests a significant role of bacterial forms in lignin biodegradation. The prevalence of the aerobic microorganisms over anaerobic ones shows that in the lower layers of sludge lignin biodegradation process is slow. The materials demonstrate that the methods of microbiological monitoring are proximate and provide a comprehensive assessment of the ecological status of the soil.
Some results of technical and technological analysis of late bronze age ceramics of the Southern Urals tribes exemplified by the materials of Kazburun archaeological microdistrict (Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Shcherbakov Nikolai Borisovich , Quinn Sean Patrick , Shuteleva Iia Alexandrovna , Leonova Tatiana Alexeevna , Lunkova Ulia Vladimirovna , Lunkov Vladimir Yurievich , Golyeva Alexandra Amurievna
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the use of traditional methods within the A.A. Bobrinsky historical-cultural approach to pottery analysis that allow us to consider each vessel as a source of information of the design and starting of the hollow body of the vessel. Thus, a more or less whole vessel may render information about a particular container design pattern or the skills of a particular potter group. This approach to ceramics allows you to study the cultural traditions in the manufacture of ceramics and, accordingly, closed family groups which have produced, and on the basis of radiocarbon dating to determine the time of its manufacture: Usmanovo I III settlements (1930 1750 BC Beta Analytic) and Kazburun I barrows (AMS 1820 1795 BC Beta Analytic). However, ceramic archaeological complex Kazburun neighborhood has become one of the important factors in identifying cultural transformations and cultural interactions in the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals. Experimental methods of historical-cultural approach A.A. Bobrinsky to reconstruct the pottery of the late Bronze Age, the Southern Urals. Methods of technical and technological analysis of pottery made it possible to reconstruct not only the pottery tradition of the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals, but also allowed a glimpse into the past of the studied population. As a new method of ceramic petrographic study research method was applied, which revealed the inclusion of various minerals in the blood vessels dough, to determine the temperature and the intensity of the burning, and to prove the presence of sludge in ceramic test. Further application of this method will allow in the future to determine the locations of ancient Clay and ceramic technology to reconstruct the Late Bronze Age of the Bashkir Transurals.
Dromos burials of the saka time in the Nazar site (Central Kazakhstan)
Authors: Beisenov Arman Ziyadenovich
Published: December 2020

In recent years, numerous new sites of Tasmola culture have been studied. New materials significantly supplement the existing ideas about the culture of the population of Central Kazakhstan of Saka era. The present article focuses on three monuments of the early Saka time studied by the author in the Nazar site in Central Kazakhstan. This kurgan with stone ridges Nazar and two other kurgans compose the burial ground Nazar-2. The monument is located in the Karaganda region, which is geographically an eastern part of the Kazakh hills. In addition to the studied objects on the coast of the river Nazar, there are three unexplored burial grounds of the Saka era. All structures of these burial grounds, including those which have not been excavated yet, can be combined by common external features. As a result of excavations graves with dromos oriented to the east were discovered in all three mounds. The diameters of the kurgans are 2023 m, their height is 1,51,7 m. A bronze arrowhead of the early Saka type was found in kurgan 1 of the burial ground Nazar-2. Such monuments, which are characterized by a large size and complex structure, belong to the early stage of Tasmola culture VIII-VI cc. BC. Three radiocarbon dates obtained on bone samples from mounds № 1 and № 2 of burial ground Nazar-2 in the laboratories of the Royal University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom and the University of Miami, USA do not contradict that. According to the author, such detail of the funeral rite as dromos oriented to the east, can be genetically traced back to the cultural traditions of the people of the late Bronze Age in Central Kazakhstan. Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan was opened in 1960. New materials largely complement the existing ideas about this culture.
Administrative and management systems in territories of tatars living at the end of XVIII - the beginning of the XX centuries
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the administrative and management systems which were used in the territory where Tatars lived (Ural-Volga region) in the Russian Empire. It is established that the living of the Tatar people wasn't considered as the main feature of the region. Thus, until 1917 there was no plan to set up a separate administrative unit covering the area of the prevailing Tatar population (unlike, for example, the Bashkir and Kazakhs). The then administrative system reflected the imperial character of the Russian state. It manifested itself in the formation of a vertical power structure supported by the local elite and taking into account local management traditions, but controlling all key institutes and positions. The hypothesis is proved that evolution of the Russian government in the territory of the Ural-Volga region was based on the process of gradually pulling up suburban territories to the standards of local management in central Russia. These standards didn't consider national traditions of management, were based on the unified principles of rationalization and bureaucratization of management with the priority of state interests in administrative practice.
Erosion work ethic of the soviet peasantry in the postwar decades (on materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)
Authors: Khasyanov Oleg Renatovich , Galimova Lilia Nadipovna
Published: December 2020

Modern problems in the agricultural sector are rooted in the fact that for decades the state agricultural policy was characterized by neglect of the interests of the main producer, non-economic coercion to labour, alienation from the land and produced goods, infringement of social rights of the peasantry which inevitably led to urbanization, population migration from villages. On the basis of the study of the scientific literature and archival documents which have been analysed for the first time, the complex process of destruction of the collective farmerss attitude to work in the public sector is explored. According to the author, the material difficulties of rural society in the war years led to the recovery in the agricultural society of previous forms of economic activity, namely the one-man operation in its stead. The victorious conclusion of the war led to the restoration of the pre-war state policy in the field of agriculture, but farmers continued to ignore social work. The author believes that public campaigns aimed at the restoration of collective farmerss labor discipline were unsuccessful because in the absence of material incentives the collective farmers were not ready for selfless labor in social production.
Comparative analysis of the views of Saint Petersburg teachers on the role and essential characteristics of pedagogical diagnostics
Authors: Gutnik Irina Yurievna
Published: December 2020

Тhe article presents a comparative analysis of the perceptions of St. Petersburg teachers from a representative sampling and analysis of opinions of teachers one of the schools of St. Petersburg that has a lot of experience in pedagogical diagnostics aimed at the students self-determination. As a result of the comparative analysis it was ascertained that the teachers are aware of the necessity of pedagogical diagnostics in modern educational process. Our research confirmed the teachers awareness of the importance of daily, close to the intuitive knowledge of their students and that the existing experience of student support based on educational diagnostics, makes it necessary for the teacher to know the students problems and difficulties. Teachers lack knowledge and skills as far as the use of different sources for information about the student is concerned. Teachers do not quite understand the importance of applying qualitative and authentic methods of diagnosis, as well as the importance of taking into account the opinions of the colleagues and need to interact with them, the significance of collectively, jointly developing a mechanism and diagnostic support for all school staff. It is shown that the training in the theory and practice of pedagogical diagnosis allows teachers to eliminate many problems of pedagogical diagnostics, namely, its being labor- and time-consuming.
Improvements in the formation of econometric knowledge at training of bachelors - teachers of economic profile
Authors: Zelepukhin Yuri Valentinovich , Tsybina Olga Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The concept of modernization of Russian education raises the question about necessity of introduction of profile training to improve and develop the school system of education. It is important that the implementation of ideas to improve education a priority is the presence of expert teachers to work in specialized classes. One of the most difficult is to educate students to work in classrooms socio-economic profile. Future teachers enrolled in the profile "Economics", must use economic, mathematical and econometric methods in solving socio-economic issues, to know the achievements of world economic thought, have a General mathematical culture. To achieve these goals in higher education is taught econometrics. It is an interdisciplinary science, it is based on mathematical and economic knowledge. Over the past 40 years there has been a rapid development of econometrics as a scientific discipline. As evidence of international recognition and importance was the awarding of the Nobel prize in Economics for outstanding research in the field of econometrics scholars such as Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen, James Heckman and Daniel McFadden. It should be noted that all econometric methods are used more in different publications and studies. To econometrics deeply penetrate the latest information technologies and mathematical methods. Econometrics students, teachers of economic profile has a positive effect on the cognition of the world and the absorption of various knowledge, since the mathematical language is universal and the one who knows how to use it successfully will be able to apply their knowledge in various fields of science and industry. The article is devoted to the improvement of the formation of econometric knowledge at training of bachelors-teachers of economic profile.
Model of labour safety and health protection of college students from a special medical group
Authors: Il'mushkin Georgy Maximovich , Parhaeva Olga Valeryevna , Sudakova Julia Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an overview of the state of health of students at the present stage of development of education in the Russian Federation, factors are justified which determine the progress of a number of resistant diseases associated with conditions of mental work at the university. On the basis of the facts available and analysis of medical and educational documentation of Dimitrovgrad Engineering-Technical Institute branch of National Nuclear Research University MEPhI (Diti MEPhI) the paper shows the dynamics of the number of students assigned to a special medical group (SMG), as well as morbidity structure of the nosological status. This group of students have special needs as far as their physical training is concerned. In this regard, the authors suggest the optimal structuring of the content of physical education for the SMG students which is based on their physical health, psycho-emotional characteristics, motivation and attitude to physical self-improvement, as well as the introduction of competence-based approach in physical training class. At the same time physical education is considered in the context of labour safety and health protection. Thus, the authors propose a model of health protection of SMG students. In the model developed, considerable attention is given to improving the students physical education by introducing innovative pedagogical tools of communication in the educational process.
Structure of the analytical activity of the head of school
Authors: Koval Natalia Nicolaevna
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the current pedagogical approaches to the components, structure and description of analytical activity. Different models of analytical activity are reviewed: activity approach (E.V. Naznachilo, N.A. Zinchuk, V.V. Yagupov, N.P. Pichugova), systematic approach (L.P. Polovenko, O.N. Yarygin, and A.A. Korostelev), structural-activity approach (L.M. Plakhova). Within each approach the main components and stages of the analytical activity are described. The emphasis is laid on the three-dimensional model of analytical practice of the school principal: the technology of the analysis of the results of educational system operation (A.A. Korostelev), the element of that is a heuristic algorithm of unmathematical character, consisting of five stages. This technology combined a motivational sense, target, technological levels. The structural components of the analytical activity of the schools head are highlighted and described: value-motivation (personality attitude of leader toward analytical activity, value of parties and her meaningfulness in administrative activity, necessity of personality to improve and develop in this type of activity), goal-oriented (intentional aspect), cognitive-operational (complex of knowledge, abilities, practical skills, necessary for realization of effective and effective analytical activity) and reflective (self-esteem, self-awareness, self-management, self-design their own analytical activities).
The content and development of biochemical concepts in the school course of biology
Authors: Nalivayko Irina Vyacheslavovna , Bobrova Natalya Gennadevna
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the content of biochemical concepts constituting school biology course, shows their development during the study of all the units of the subject mentioned above: from the vegetable organism to the general laws of nature. Biology as a school subject is a system of biological concepts, developing in a logical sequence. The handling of the relevant concepts shows the degree of assimilation of biological knowledge. That is why the teachers work on assimilation and development of biological concepts is so important. The study of biochemical concepts is included in the school course of biology. They can be classified according to the nature of the content, along with morphological, anatomical concepts etc. Some biochemical concepts belong to the group of basic biological concepts, i.e. concepts about the biological regularities concerning with the whole wildlife. They are: metabolism and interchange of energy, nutrition, breathing, selection, photosynthesis. A number of biochemical concepts such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and some others are special, as they are studied within a specific section. The article analyzes school curricula and textbooks on biology; it allows making a conclusion that biochemical concepts are formed and developed throughout the biology course from 6 to 11 grades. There is a succession in formation and development of these notions: at first they are special and are studied as processes characterizing the functioning of a plant; considering the processes occurring in animal organism, biochemical concepts become general. In the General Biology unit they become special again. Such regularity is substantiated by the logic of construction of biological material. The formation of biochemical concepts is contributed to by all kinds of verbal, visual and practical methods of teaching biology, the role of the latter is particularly important. It requires the use of activity approach during the formation of biochemical concepts, because one of the conditions for their proper formation is the application of knowledge in practice. Skills acquired by students are the indicators of the effectiveness of education, together with the amount of subject knowledge.