bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHAT A DIFFERENCE ONE PROBABILITY MAKES IN THE CONVERGENCE OF BINOMIAL TREES
Authors: LEDUC GUILLAUME , PALMER KENNETH
Published: August 2020

In the [Formula: see text]-period Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (CRR) model, we achieve smooth convergence of European vanilla options to their Black–Scholes limits simply by altering the probability at one node, in fact, at the preterminal node between the closest neighbors of the strike in the terminal layer. For barrier options, we do even better, obtaining order [Formula: see text] convergence by altering the probability just at the node nearest the barrier, but only the first time it is hit. First-order smooth convergence for vanilla options was already achieved in Tian’s flexible model but here we show how second order smooth convergence can be achieved by changing one probability, leading to convergence of order [Formula: see text] with Richardson extrapolation. We illustrate our results with examples and provide numerical evidence of our results.
Pythagorean m-polar fuzzy topology with TOPSIS approach in exploring most effectual method for curing from COVID-19
Authors: Naeem Khalid , Riaz Muhammad , Peng Xindong , Afzal Deeba
Published: August 2020

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a fatal virus. This deadly virus has taken the whole world into clutches and many people have embraced death due to this invincible bug. The death toll is rising with every tick of time. The aspiration behind this article is to discover the preventive measure that should be taken to cope with this intangible enemy. We study the prime notions of novel sort of topology accredited Pythagorean [Formula: see text]-polar fuzzy topology along with its prime attributes. We slightly amend the well-acknowledged multi-criteria decision analysis tool TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to befit the proposed multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problem of exploring the most effective method for curing from COVID-19 employing the proposed model.
Improvement of Thermal Conductivity and Energy Stored by Paraffin with Different Metallic Additives
Authors: Missoum Khaoula , Guellil Hocine , Korti Abdel Illah Nabil
Published: August 2020

Phase change thermal storage is an innovative and promising technology for saving energy. It is one of the new areas of research because it provides the solution to problems related between the provided and the required energies. Paraffin is a common phase change material (PCM) that used in many applications in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. However, the main disadvantage is their low thermal conductivities. However, using metallic additives to improve effective thermal conductivity of PCM can lead to decreasing effective heat capacity and the thermal energy stored. An experimental study is carried out to analyze the thermal behavior of the paraffin melting in a thermal cavity integrating different metals (zamak, aluminum and copper) with different configuration. The originality of study is to try to predict the best duo that respects both the improvement of thermal conductivity and energy stored. The experiments show that adding aluminum perforated plate in paraffin accelerates the melting process by about 19% and increases the energy stored by 5.18%.
Rate-Dependent Aging Resulting from Fast Charging of Li-Ion Cells
Authors: Raj Abhi , Rodrigues Marco-Tulio F. , Abraham Daniel P.
Published: August 2020

The mass electrification of personal and service vehicles is reliant on the ability of battery packs to undergo extreme fast recharging. A central challenge is that the repeated exposure to high currents can trigger and/or accelerate mechanisms of performance degradation, such as lithium deposition, mechanical damage of active material particles, and impedance rise. Here, we investigate whether constraining high-rate charging to limited state-of-charge (SOC) ranges can mitigate these aging processes. Our experiments map the boundaries of lithium plating conditions, and also indicate that permanent losses of electrode capacity appear to be a function of cycle number, but not charging rate. Interestingly, we show that impedance rise appears to depend on charging rate alone, and not on the amount of charge passed at each cycle. This observation suggests that limiting fast charging to a narrow SOC range would only delay cell aging, but not fully prevent it from happening. We identify oxide-particle cracking as the likely mechanism for this impedance rise, suggesting that particle and electrode design are essential to enable fast charging. The findings of this work can inform the development of fast-charging protocols that are less damaging to cell health.
Boron-Doped TiO2 from Anodization of TiB2 for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Ni Chengsheng , Tang Yu , Abdellatif Hassan R. S. , Huang Xiubing , Xie Deti , Ni Jiupai
Published: August 2020

Anodization of TiB2 monolith rather than Ti0 was employed to prepare boron-doped TiO2 photoelectrochemical (PEC) anode and nanocrystals. The anodization behavior of TiB2 was found to be dependent on the orientation of the crystals and F− ions in the electrolyte. TiB2 orientating in [100] direction after anodization in the presence of F− formed a porous TiO2 layer that can be used as a PEC anode, while TiB2 with exposed (001) facets produced a gel containing Ti species in the electrolyte. The PEC anode or nanocrystals from the gel after hydrothermal treatment was boron-doped TiO2 showing superior photocatalytic performance over the counterpart from Ti0 foil for water splitting or Degussa P25 catalyst for dye degradation, respectively. The anodization of conductive ceramic monolith was demonstrated to be a way of preparing doped semiconductors for enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Using Video Photometry to Measure the 3 MeV Proton Half Brightness Fluence for Tetrakis (Dibenzoylmethide) Europium (III) Triethylammonium
Authors: Hollerman William , Miller John , Williams Stephen
Published: August 2020

Tetrakis (Dibenzoylmethide) Europium (III) Triethylammonium, commonly known as europium tetrakis, is one of the brightest known luminescent materials and is a potential candidate to detect space radiation. The half brightness fluence (HBF) is a material figure of merit and is defined as the fluence required to reduce the luminescent light intensity to half of its original value. In 2016, the HBF for europium tetrakis irradiated with 3 MeV protons was measured to be about 28 billion particles per square millimeter, which is similar to what a spacecraft close to the Earth will receive from a large solar event. An old 30 Hz video taken from this research with an iPhone 6s was recently re-analyzed using photometric techniques. The resulting photometric HBF for europium tetrakis was found to be 33 billion particles per square millimeter, which is statistically the same as was measured using the traditional method.
Effect of Mesopores of Marimo Nano Carbon Anode Material on Power Generation Performance of Direct Glucose Fuel Cell
Authors: Shingo Akiyama , Nakagawa Kiyoharu
Published: August 2020

In this study, the effect of the mesopores of Marimo nano carbon (MNC) on power generation performance for anode material of direct glucose fuel cell was investigated. Three types of MNC with different mesopore distributions were used for the catalyst support material, Pt was used as loaded metal. In the glucose fuel cell performance test, MNC having many pores of about 35 nm showed the highest maximum output density of 0.72 mW cm-2 at 5 wt% metal loading and 0.3 M Glucose aqueous solution. The pores of about 30 nm may promote ion diffusion and rapid mass transport of reactants and products. These results indicated that MNC was an effective material as anode material for direct glucose fuel cell.
Application of Nanocarbons Modified with Anthraquinone Polycondensation Polymer to Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitance
Authors: Nishiyama Katsuhiko
Published: August 2020

By one-pot polymerization of anthraquinone derivative having twohydroxy groups and aliphatic amine, four kinds of carbon blackswere successfully modified. Although the modified CBs wereunstable in the alkaline media, the electrodes show stable cyclicvoltammograms in neutral and acidic media. All the modified CBsshows the function as the electrochemical double layer capacitance.Especially, the largest capacitance was obtained in 3 M H2SO4
Knowledge and Practices towards Prevention and Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Asmelash Daniel , Chane Elias , Desalegn Getahun , Assefa Sewmalet , Aynalem Getie lake , Fasil Alebachew
Published: August 2020

Background. Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem with serious adverse effects, including kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Improving awareness and practice on the impact, prevention, and early detection of chronic kidney disease will reduce the significant economic and public health burden. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine knowledge and practice towards prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among hypertensive patients in Gondar town in 2019. The study included hypertensive patients visiting health institutions from February to March 2019. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire and individuals who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were selected using a systemic random sampling technique. Epi Info software version 7 was used for data entry, and SPSS version 20 was used for descriptive and logistic regression analysis. Result. Out of a total of 442 participants, 434 completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total, 298 (68.7%) had good knowledge of chronic kidney disease with a mean knowledge score of 8.78 ± 2.80 and 210 (48.4%) had good practice with mean practice score of 6.58 ± 1.61. Educational status, residence, and duration of hypertension were significantly associated with the knowledge and practice scores of the participants in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion. More than half of the participants had good knowledge about chronic kidney disease and its risk factors. However, the level of preventive practice among participants was low. The educational status, residence, and duration of hypertension were significantly associated variables with knowledge and practice scores in multivariate logistic regression.
Reversibility of Frailty after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Montgomery Elyn , Macdonald Peter S. , Newton Phillip J. , Chang Sungwon , Wilhelm Kay , Jha Sunita R. , Malouf Monique
Published: August 2020

Background. Frailty contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in patients referred for and undergoing lung transplantation (LTX). The study aim was to determine if frailty is reversible after LTX in those classified as frail at LTX evaluation. Methods. Consecutive LTX recipients were included. All patients underwent modified physical frailty assessment during LTX evaluation. For patients assessed as frail, frailty was reassessed on completion of the post-LTX rehabilitation program. Frailty was defined by the presence of ≥ 3 domains of the modified Fried Frailty Phenotype (mFFP). Results. We performed 166 lung transplants (frail patients, n = 27, 16%). Eighteen of the 27 frail patients have undergone frailty reassessment. Eight frail patients died, and one interstate recipient did not return for reassessment. In the 18 (66%) patients reassessed, there was an overall reduction in their frailty score post-LTX ((3.4 ± 0.6 to 1.0 ± 0.7), p<0.001) with 17/18 (94%) no longer classified as frail. Improvements were seen in the following frailty domains: exhaustion, mobility, appetite, and activity. Handgrip strength did not improve posttransplant. Conclusions. Physical frailty was largely reversible following LTX, underscoring the importance of considering frailty a dynamic, not a fixed, entity. Further work is needed to identify those patients whose frailty is modifiable and establish specific interventions to improve frailty.
The Rapid Discrimination and Quality Assessment of Three Zanthoxylum Species Using 1H NMR Spectrometry
Authors: Jang Hyeon Seok , Jeong Birang , Choi Seong Yeon , Lee Jiho , Kwon Yong Soo , Yang Heejung
Published: August 2020

The husks and fruits of Zanthoxylum species (Rutaceae) are the popular pungent and spicy ingredients of foods and the traditional medicines in many countries. Three Zanthoxylum species, Z. bungeanum, Z. schinifolium, and Z. piperitum, are distributed and intermixed with each other as “Zanthoxyli Pericarpium” in Korean markets. In the present study, we analyzed the ethyl acetate-soluble and nonpolar fractions of Zanthoxylum samples by 1H NMR spectrometry and performed a multivariate analysis for finding the discriminant markers between three species. Xanthoxylin was identified as the metabolic marker for the discrimination of Zanthoxylum species and quantified by the qNMR approach.
Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Reveals the Mechanism of Anisodamine Hydrobromide Injection against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
Authors: Su Jinsong , Liu Zixuan , Liu Chuan , Li Xuanhao , Wang Yi , Zhao Jing , Wu Qingjiang , Zheng Shichao , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2020

Background. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Anisodamine hydrobromide injection (AHI), the main ingredient of which is anisodamine, is a listed drug for improving microcirculation in China. Anisodamine can improve the condition of patients with COVID‐19. Materials and Methods. Protein‐protein interactions obtained from the String databases were used to construct the protein interaction network (PIN) of AHI using Cytoscape. The crucial targets of AHI PIN were screened by calculating three topological parameters. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The intersection between the AHI component proteins and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) coexpression proteins was analyzed. We further investigated our predictions of crucial targets by performing molecular docking studies with anisodamine. Results. The PIN of AHI, including 172 nodes and 1454 interactions, was constructed. A total of 54 crucial targets were obtained based on topological feature calculations. The results of Gene Ontology showed that AHI could regulate cell death, cytokine‐mediated signaling pathways, and immune system processes. KEGG disease pathways were mainly enriched in viral infections, cancer, and immune system diseases. Between AHI targets and ACE2 coexpression proteins, 26 common proteins were obtained. The results of molecular docking showed that anisodamine bound well to all the crucial targets. Conclusion. The network pharmacological strategy integrated molecular docking to explore the mechanism of action of AHI against COVID‐19. It provides protein targets associated with COVID‐19 that may be further tested as therapeutic targets of anisodamine.
Robotic Setup Promises Consistent Effects of Multilocular Gastrointestinal Electrical Stimulation: First Results of a Porcine Study
Authors: Schiemer Jonas F. , Stumm Karen , Somerlik-Fuchs Karin H. , Hoffmann Klaus-Peter , Baumgart Jan , Kneist Werner
Published: August 2020

Background: Electrical stimulation (ES) of several gastrointestinal (GI) segments is a promising therapeutic option for multilocular GI dysmotility, but conventional surgical access by laparotomy involves a high degree of tissue trauma. We evaluated a minimally invasive surgical approach using a robotic surgical system to perform electromyographic (EMG) recordings and ES of several porcine GI segments, comparing these data to an open surgical approach by laparotomy. Materials and Methods: In 5 acute porcine experiments, we placed multiple electrodes on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. Three experiments were performed with a median laparotomy and 2 others using a robotic platform. Multichannel EMGs were recorded, and ES was sequentially delivered with 4 ES parameters to the 5 target segments. We calculated pre- and poststimulatory spikes per minute (Spm) and performed a statistical Poisson analysis. Results: Electrode placement was achieved in all cases without complications. Increased technical and implantation time were required to achieve the robotic electrode placement, but invasiveness was markedly reduced in comparison to the conventional approach. The highest calculated (c)Spm values were found in the poststimulatory period of the small bowel with both the conventional and robotic approaches. Six of the 20 Poisson test results in the open setup reached statistical significance and 12 were significant in the robotic experiments. Conclusions: The robotic setup was less invasive, revealed more consistent effects of multilocular ES in several GI segments, and is a promising option for future preclinical and clinical studies of GI motility disorders.
As diferentes atuações psicopedagógicas em uma escola municipal especial para alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Montenegro Amanda Da Paixão
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo tem como meta central relatar e refletir sobre as variadas atuações psicopedagógicas em um ambiente escolar, tendo em vista as significativas experiências vividas no município de São João de Meriti, em uma Escola Pública Especial que atende somente alunos que apresentem o diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O fato de essa instituição ter em seu quadro três psicopedagogas despertou grande interesse. Desta forma, este relato analisa as diferentes funções desempenhadas por elas perante a comunidade escolar. Os instrumentos metodológicos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram observações, fotografias e entrevistas realizadas com todos os profissionais da escola. A pesquisa se fundamentou em estudos de autores como Laura Barbosa, Nádia Bossa, Renata Ferreira e Lev Vygotsky. Por fim, destaca-se a importância de um psicopedagogo no ambiente escolar, pois este busca constantemente a melhoria no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como a prevenção, o acompanhamento e a solução dos problemas de aprendizagem, sendo um mediador e incentivando o estudante a desenvolver as suas potencialidades.
The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence
Authors: Heckner Marisa K. , Cieslik Edna C. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Camilleri Julia A. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Langner Robert
Published: August 2020

Healthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance, including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction and left anterior cuneus/precuneus were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions' whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although our results largely point toward a domain-general role of left inferior frontal junction in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that the left anterior cuneus/precuneus is recruited differently by older (compared with younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multimodal imaging.
Nomenclatural changes and two new species in the leafhopper genus Usanus DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with notes on conservation status
Authors: PINEDO-ESCATEL J. ADILSON , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: August 2020

The Mexican leafhopper genus and species Devolana hemicycla DeLong, 1967 syn. nov., is recognized as a junior synonym of Usanus stonei DeLong, 1947. Three previously described species, U. tuxcacuensis (Pinedo-Escatel & Aguilar-Pérez, 2019) comb. nov., U. youajla (Pinedo-Escatel, 2019) comb. nov., and U. xajxayakamej (Pinedo-Escatel, 2019) comb. nov. are transferred to Usanus. Two new species, U. xochipalensis sp. nov. and U. igualaensis sp. nov. from Guerrero, are described and illustrated. An updated key to all known species of Usanus is provided.
A new deep-water species of snake eel, Xyrias anjaalai sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), from the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: AUGUSTINA TREASA A.X , SREERAM MIRIAM PAUL , SUKUMARAN SANDHYA , JOSE ANJALY , SREEKUMAR K.M.
Published: August 2020

A new species of snake eel Xyrias anjaalai sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) is described from morphological analysis of 12 specimens and molecular analysis of four specimens, caught off Kollam, Kerala, southwestern India, by deep-sea trawling. X. anjaalai is distinguished from its congeners by having a large eye diameter, a short snout, a different dentition pattern as in the 3rd row of maxillary teeth beginning at the level of the 4th vomerine tooth between the two existing rows in the inner series of maxillary teeth, an irregular tooth patch for approximately 1/10th of the lateral side of the dental arch in the distal portion and a vertebral count of predorsal vertebrae 18–21, preanal vertebrae 73–76 and total vertebrae 147–149. Phylogenetic relationships of X. anjaalai with other species in Ophichthidae were examined using partial nucleotide sequences of the COI gene (617 bp). The genetic analyses suggest that the new species is closest to X. revulsus followed by Apterichtus klazingai with Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) values of 0.6 and 2.8% respectively. In the phylogenetic reconstruction, sequences of X. anjaalai formed a distinct clade demonstrating their uniqueness as a separate species.
New records of the giant planarian Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845 (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) with notes on its conservation biology
Authors: BARAHONA-SEGOVIA RODRIGO M. , ARAYA JUAN FRANCISCO , PAÑINAO-MONSÁLVEZ LAURA
Published: August 2020

Land planarians (Tricladida:Geoplanidae) comprise about 910 species distributed in four subfamilies and can be found on all continents except Antarctica (Sluys & Riutort 2018; Sluys 2019). The Neotropical region possesses nearly 31% of all the described terrestrial planarian species, most of them belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae (Sluys 1999; Grau & Carbayo 2010). Land planarians are mostly habitat-specialists, living in the humid soils of native forest, and predating on invertebrates like earthworms, isopods, mollusks and harvestmen, among others (Ogren 1995; Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet 2003; Boll & Leal-Zanchet 2016). Although most planarian species seem to be physiologically sensitive, for example to environmental moisture, a few land planarian genera like Bipalium Stimpson and Obama Carbayo et al., have successfully invaded many habitats, even in highly perturbed areas (Kawaguti 1932; Sluys 2019). Therefore, some of these invertebrate species appear to be good candidates as habitat quality bioindicators according to some authors (Sluys 1998; Gerlach et al., 2013; Negrete et al., 2014).
Adult blood stem cell localization reflects the abundance of reported bone marrow niche cell types and their combinations
Authors: Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Kunz Leo , Cabezas-Wallscheid Nina , Christodoulou Constantina , Renders Simon , Camargo Fernando , Trumpp Andreas , Scadden David T. , Schroeder Timm
Published: August 2020

The exact localization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in their native bone marrow (BM) microenvironment remains controversial, because multiple cell types have been reported to physically associate with HSCs. In this study, we comprehensively quantified HSC localization with up to 4 simultaneous (9 total) BM components in 152 full-bone sections from different bone types and 3 HSC reporter lines. We found adult femoral α-catulin-GFP+ or Mds1GFP/+Flt3Cre HSCs proximal to sinusoids, Cxcl12 stroma, megakaryocytes, and different combinations of those populations, but not proximal to bone, adipocyte, periarteriolar, or Schwann cells. Despite microanatomical differences in femurs and sterna, their adult α-catulin-GFP+ HSCs had similar distributions. Importantly, their microenvironmental localizations were not different from those of random dots, reflecting the relative abundance of imaged BM populations rather than active enrichment. Despite their functional heterogeneity, dormant label-retaining (LR) and non-LR hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells both had indistinguishable localization from α-catulin-GFP+ HSCs. In contrast, cycling juvenile BM HSCs preferentially located close to Cxcl12 stroma and farther from sinusoids/megakaryocytes. We expect our study to help resolve existing confusion regarding the exact localization of different HSC types, their physical association with described BM populations, and their tissue-wide combinations.
The effectiveness of a simple antimicrobial stewardship intervention in general practice in Australia: a pilot study
Authors: Neels Alicia J. , Bloch Aaron E. , Gwini Stella M. , Athan Eugene
Published: August 2020

Background

Inappropriate and excessive antimicrobial prescribing can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) principles are not well established in general practice in Australia despite the relatively high rate of community antimicrobial prescribing. Few interventions have been implemented that have resulted in a significant reduction or improvement in antimicrobial prescribing by General Practitioners (GPs). This study was therefore conducted to assess the impact of a novel GP educational intervention on the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions as well as GP compliance with antimicrobial prescription guidelines.

Methods

In 2018, a simple GP educational intervention was rolled out in a large clinic with the aim of improving antimicrobial prescribing. It included face-to-face education sessions with GPs on AMS principles, antimicrobial resistance, current prescribing guidelines and microbiological testing. An antibiotic appropriateness audit on prescribing practice before and after the educational intervention was conducted. Data were summarised using percentages and compared across time points using Chi-squared tests and Poisson regression (results reported as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)).

Results

Data from 376 and 369 prescriptions in July 2016 and July 2018, respectively, were extracted. There were significant improvements in appropriate antimicrobial selection (73.9% vs 92.8%, RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.18–1.34), appropriate duration (53.1% vs 87.7%, RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.49–1.83) and compliance with guidelines (42.2% vs 58.5%, RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.19–1.61) post- intervention. Documentation of antimicrobial duration directions, patient follow-up as well as patient weight significantly increased after the intervention (p < 0.001). There was significant reduction in; prescriptions without a listed indication for antimicrobial therapy, prescriptions without appropriate accompanying microbiological tests and the provision of unnecessary repeat prescriptions (p < 0.001). Inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions observed pre-intervention for medical termination of pregnancy ceased post-intervention.

Conclusions

Auditing GP antimicrobial prescriptions identified prescribing practices inconsistent with Australian guidelines. However, implementation of a simple education program led to significantly improved antimicrobial prescribing by GPs. These findings indicate the important role of AMS and continued antimicrobial education within general practice.
The relationship between personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rezapour-Mirsaleh Yasser , Aghabagheri Mahdi
Published: August 2020

Background

The clinical clerkship is a crucial stage in nursing training, yet a dissatisfaction at this stage may cause a nurse to quit in future. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students.

Methods

This was a correlational, cross-sectional study. A total of 293 Iranian nursing students, who were fulfilling their clinical clerkship at university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, were selected using cluster random sampling. All participants were provided with standard questionnaires including personality dimensions (NEO_FFI), spirituality, coping strategies (WoCQ), and satisfaction with clinical clerkship. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression.

Results

The results showed that spirituality (β = 0.32, p < 0.001), problem-focused coping (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and extraversion (of personality dimensions, β = 0.22, p < 0.001) played significant roles in predicting clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Regression analysis showed openness (β = 0.14, p < 0.01), extraversion (β = 0.16, p < 0.01), and spirituality (β = 0.23, p < 0.001) could significantly predict problem-focused coping style among intern nursing students. However, personality dimensions and spirituality were not good predictors for emotion-focused coping among these students (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Personality dimensions, coping strategies and, in particular, spirituality are good predictors of clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Therefore, paying attention to spiritual needs in nursing students, improving their problem solving skills in dealing with clinical stress and training extraversion characteristics can be effective in enhancing their satisfaction with clinical clerkship.
Extended use of receiver groups: Theory, synthetic example, and noise considerations
Authors: Haavik Kjetil E.
Published: August 2020

Receiver grouping is commonly used in marine towed-streamer seismic acquisition. Measurements from several receivers in a group are stacked to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting data and form an analog spatial antialiasing filter. I propose a method for extracting inline derivatives of the wavefield as additional measurements from the groups. This is achieved by multiplying the signal from the individual receivers in a group with predefined weights that corresponds to a finite-difference (FD) operator. The inline derivative(s) makes it possible to use multichannel sampling theorems to reconstruct the signal on a denser grid. Extraction of FD data from clusters of receivers is not a new concept, but I find that, by using the geometry of conventional streamer groups, it is possible to obtain FD data which are well suited for multichannel interpolation. The key to finding suitable FD operators is to recognize that it is not the ideal differentiation response we seek, but the impulse response of the group multiplied with the ideal differentiation response. Furthermore, under a Gaussian noise assumption, I derive formulas for the resulting noise level from sinc and higher order sinc interpolations. I find that the random noise level in the reconstructed data, when using higher order sinc interpolation, is expected to be higher than when using conventional sinc interpolation and will vary with respect to the distance from the original sampling points. The statistical analysis shows that it is beneficial to find FD operators with as small an [Formula: see text] norm as possible. A synthetic example shows that the proposed method of extracting FD operators and subsequent interpolation works very well. I foresee that the proposed method can be used to reduce the density of receivers (hydrophones or geophones) when designing new streamers or with existing equipment to improve the inline sampling.
On the electromagnetic response of complex pipeline infrastructure
Authors: Orujov Gurban , Anderson Ethan , Streich Rita , Swidinsky Andrei
Published: August 2020

Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) can be used to image subsurface resistivity and add value in petroleum exploration. However, the application of CSEM methods can be particularly challenging in mature oil and gas fields, where the presence of steel casings and complex seabed infrastructure may influence electromagnetic (EM) fields. The effect of this metal infrastructure can be modeled using the method of moments (MoM), which has previously been demonstrated to be effective in simple situations. We have now developed a methodology for modeling the EM response of complex pipeline geometry using MoM, and we validate our approach numerically and experimentally; the difference between finite-element and MoM modeling is less than 3%, whereas the difference between experimental data and MoM results is less than 30%. We further develop a fast and efficient approach to model the EM response of horizontal pipeline infrastructure. First, we create individual pipe sections of custom shape; when assembled, these sections are used to construct the entire pipeline system. We then identify “precise” and “approximate” zones based on how accurately we need to perform the calculations. We find that the electric field values in the approximate zone can be calculated accurately and quickly using previously saved table values, and therefore achieve a considerable reduction in computational requirements. Finally, we apply our methodology to a real situation of a 60 km horizontal seabed pipeline and find that the electric field distortion can be calculated rapidly and efficiently with our custom-built algorithm.
Fourier-domain modeling of gravity effects caused by a vertical polyhedral prism, with application to a water reservoir storage process
Authors: Zhou Yin , Wu Leyuan , Wu Bin , Cheng Bing , Wang Helin , Chen Longwei , Gao Shiteng , Lin Qiang
Published: August 2020

We have developed a new Fourier-domain algorithm for the modeling of gravity effects caused by a vertical polyhedral prism. Simplified and more compact Fourier-domain expressions are derived for the vertical gravity anomaly on a 2D plane either above, in the middle of, or below the vertical polyhedral prism. A new Fourier-domain algorithm, which combines a low-order Gauss fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and a low-order nonuniform FFT algorithm, to permit polar sampling near the zero wave vector, is introduced. To validate the numerical efficiency of the new algorithm, we carry out a series of synthetic tests. Numerical results show that the new algorithm is superior in numerical accuracy and efficiency compared to a pure Gauss-FFT algorithm, and both Fourier methods run much faster than traditional space-domain analytical solutions. We then apply the Fourier forward algorithms to the prediction of vertical component of gravity at many survey points, as a function of the water level of a reservoir located in Xianlin, Hangzhou, China. The reservoir geometry is approximated by a single vertical polyhedral prism. Water storage corresponds to increased heights of the polyhedral prism. Detailed maps of vertical gravity value changes corresponding to a water level rise of 5 and 10 m, with spatial resolution [Formula: see text], on the local topography covering a study area of approximately [Formula: see text] around the water reservoir, are calculated using the new algorithm. Then, the gravity values are classified according to the accuracy of the gravimeter, providing a reference of optimal site selection for a proposed cold-atom gravimetry survey to be carried out in the near future.
Do High-Frequency Traders Anticipate Buying and Selling Pressure?
Authors: Hirschey Nicholas
Published: August 2020

This study provides evidence that high-frequency traders (HFTs) identify patterns in past trades and orders that allow them to anticipate and trade ahead of other investors’ order flow. Specifically, HFTs’ aggressive purchases and sales lead those of other investors, and this effect is stronger at times when it is more difficult for non-HFTs to disguise their order flow. Consistent with some HFTs being more skilled or more focused on anticipatory strategies, I show that trades from a subset of HFTs consistently predict non-HFT order flow the best. The results are not explained by HFTs reacting faster to news or past returns, by contrarian or trend-chasing behavior by non-HFTs, or by trader misclassification. These findings support the existence of an anticipatory trading channel through which HFTs increase non-HFT trading costs.

This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Physical therapy in the emergency department: surveying primary care practitioners' perceptions and recommendations
Authors: Fisher Stacy J
Published: August 2020

Background/aims

Little is known regarding the impact that physiotherapists can have on patients in the emergency department. A study was carried out to explore attitudes of physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners in emergency departments about physiotherapists being staffed full-time to assist with patient care. It also aimed to investigate whether physiotherapists should be staffed in emergency departments, what they are capable of doing in an emergency department and identify areas where physiotherapists are most useful in emergency departments in the USA.

Methods

This sequential mixed method study examined the perceptions and recommendations of emergency medicine practitioners regarding physiotherapists' services in the emergency department. Phase one analysed geographical data. Phase two analysed qualitative components of the survey. Frequencies were analysed and either Fisher's exact or Chi-square tests used to analyse the findings. Participants included physician assistants, nurse practitioners and physicians in emergency departments in the USA.

Results

A statistically significant association was shown between the geographic region and whether or not physiotherapists were staffed within the emergency departments in states outside the western region. Additionally, 97% of qualified participants reported positive experiences working with physiotherapists regularly.

Conclusions

Physiotherapists should be used for the specialisation and knowledge they have. More education is needed in emergency departments around the USA to understand what a physiotherapist can offer and how this reduces unnecessary hospital admission. Physiotherapists working in the emergency department can ultimately reduce costs for hospitals.
IES/NSF Pipeline-of-Evidence Protocol as Explanation for Successes and Failures of Gates Foundation Funded Initiatives
Authors: Schirmer Barbara R. , Lockman Alison S. , Schirmer Todd N.
Published: August 2020

This study was designed to investigate the applicability of the IES/NSF pipeline-of-evidence protocol in ascertaining why two notable educational initiatives spearheaded and financially supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation achieved or not the goal of improved academic outcomes for K-12 public school students. Our interest was not whether there is a sufficient body of high quality research evidence to support the two initiatives but whether the research considered by the Gates Foundation established the likelihood that the initiatives would be successful and worth the decision to dedicate substantial funding, time, and effort required for each versus the many competing programs seeking sponsorship. We found that in the case of Intensive Partnerships for Effective Teaching, efficacy and effectiveness research were absent and the Gates foundation discontinued grant support because the initiative had not achieved the goal of improved high school graduation and college attendance among low-income minority students. In the case of Early College High School, we found empirical evidence was manifest at all but the effectiveness stage of the pipeline and the initiative continued to receive funding. Our findings support the importance of widening the net of methodologies that constitute a framework for elements needed to make predictions of effectiveness for any given intervention before investing in scale-up initiatives and the need for private foundations to be transparent in their decision-making process to enable others to scrutinize the research that informs the design of initiatives.
Baseline quality of life in people with hip fracture: results from the multicentre WHiTE cohort study
Authors: Parsons Nick R , Costa Matthew L , Achten Juul , Griffin Xavier L
Published: August 2020

Aims

To assess the variation in pre-fracture quality of life (QoL) within the UK hip fracture population, and quantify the nature and strength of associations between QoL and other routinely collected patient characteristics and treatment choices.

Methods

The World Hip Trauma Evaluation (WHiTE) study, an observational cohort study of UK hip fracture patients, collects a range of routine data and a health-related QoL score (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D)). Pre-fracture QoL data are summarized and statistical models fitted to understand associations between QoL, patient characteristics, fracture types, and operations.

Results

Fitting a multiple linear regression model indicated that 36.5% of the variance in pre-fracture EQ-5D scores was explained by routinely collected patient characteristics: sex (0.14%), age (0.17%), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (0.73%), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS; 1.3%), pre-fracture mobility (11.2%), and EQ-5D respondent (participant, relative, or carer; 23.0%). There was considerable variation in pre-fracture EQ-5D scores between operations within fracture types. Participants with trochanteric fractures reported statistically significant but not clinically relevant lower pre-fracture QoL than those with intracapsular fractures. Participants with intracapsular fractures treated with internal fixation or total hip arthroplasty (THA) reported better QoL than those treated with hemiarthroplasty with the overall fittest group receiving THA.

Conclusion

Pre-fracture QoL varies considerably between hip fracture patients; it is generally higher in younger than older patients, patients with better mobility, and those patients who live more independently. Pre-fracture QoL is significantly associated with a range of patient characteristics (e.g. age, mobility, residency). These data explain ~35% of the variation in QoL. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):468–476.
‘Record of my journeyings in the Coral Sea’: Randolph Bedford’s 1906 album of the Solomon Islands
Authors: Quanchi Max
Published: August 2020

Albums and scrapbooks are rarely the focus of research. This article examines the motivation and context for a unique and rare album compiled by a ‘special correspondent’ – George Randolph Bedford, an aspiring Federal politician, journalist and writer – who visited the Solomon Islands in 1906 on a personal fact-finding mission. His scrapbook contains 212 photographs and a series of articles on the Solomon Islands that he had published in illustrated weekend newspapers in Australia in 1906 and early 1907. The Australian colonies had just federated, Britain had just passed control of Papua to Australia and, in the New Hebrides, Britain and France were about to announce a condominium had been formed. Tonga, Niue and the Cook Islands were also the subject of imperial manoeuvring. In Queensland, Kanakas were being sent home as the labour trade was abolished. The scrapbook is therefore a window on to imperial diplomacy, colonial expansion and Australian visions of a relationship with the Pacific, the boom in illustrated newspapers, early photography and personal ambition to become an expert on the islands.
Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Pacific Island Countries, Jenny Bryant-Tokalau (2018)
Authors: Smith Roy
Published: August 2020

Review of: Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Pacific Island Countries, Jenny Bryant-Tokalau (2018)

Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 111 pp.,

ISBN 978 3 319 78398 7 (hbk), £44.99

 

Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Aotearoa/New Zealand, Lyn Carter (2019)

Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 106 pp.,

ISBN 978 3 319 96438 6 (hbk), £49.99

 

Combatting Climate Change in the Pacific: The Role of Regional Organizations, Marc Williams and Duncan McDuie-Ra (2018)

London: Palgrave Macmillan, 136 pp.,

ISBN 978 3 319 88816 3 (pbk), £44.99
New Zealand Jazz Life, Norman Meehan and Tony Whincup (photographs) (2016)
Authors: Lodge Martin
Published: August 2020

Review of: New Zealand Jazz Life, Norman Meehan and Tony Whincup (photographs) (2016)

Wellington: Victoria University Press, 240 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 77656 092 9 (pbk), NZ$40.00
Sobre status científico e o significado de uma teoria psicológica
Authors: Podolskij Andrei I.
Published: August 2020

Desde o final da década de 1950, um número significativo de autores tentou usar a abordagem de Galperin (conhecida como a " Teoria da formação planejada por etapas das ações mentais " ou a Teoria PSFMA) para melhorar os processos e os resultados da escola. Olhando para os mais de cinquenta anos de história da sua abordagem, pode-se notar que, nos anos 1960 e no início dos anos 1970, houve um grande otimismo em relação à eficácia e eficiência da aplicação prática dessa teoria. Parecia possível transformar radicalmente o caminho e os resultados tradicionais do processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Ao comparar as publicações dos anos 60-70 e 80-90, foi possível descobrir facilmente a diminuição significativa de uma onda de otimismo em relação à aplicação da PSFMA. Além das óbvias razões socioeconômicas e sociopsicológicas, há uma razão metodológica relativa às formas e aos meios de uso da abordagem de Galperin. Historicamente, os resultados pedagógicos substanciais dessa teoria já tinham sido constatados, no entanto o entusiasmo dos proponentes por resultados realmente incomuns e esperançosos teve um lado oposto: levou a um sério mal-entendido sobre o status da abordagem de Galperin e a transformou em algum conhecimento absoluto, como uma espécie de "pedra filosofal". A aplicação bem-sucedida das declarações da PSFMA não significa uma reprodução literal de algum procedimento geral abstrato, mas um planejamento criativo de um sistema de condições psicológicas necessárias e suficientes, adaptadas a uma situação escolar concreta. A elaboração de tal procedimento ocupa uma posição intermediária entre o conhecimento psicológico fundamental e o processo real da escolarização. Considera-se que o sistema de três modelos preenche uma lacuna entre o conhecimento fundamental introduzido por Galperin e as circunstâncias reais da situação de ensino/aprendizagem.