bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomic correlates of poststroke hyperglycemia
Authors: Winder Klemens , Seifert Frank , Ohnemus Tessa , Sauer Eva‐Maria , Kloska Stephan , Dörfler Arnd , Hilz Max J. , Schwab Stefan , Köhrmann Martin
Published: December 2014

Objective

A study was undertaken to determine associations between ischemic stroke sites and poststroke hyperglycemia (PSH).

Methods

Nondiabetic patients with first ever ischemic stroke confirmed by imaging were prospectively included. Blood glucose level (BGL), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and clinical parameters were assessed on admission. BGL was dichotomized for elevated versus normal levels using a cutoff value of >7.0 mmol/l. Clinical parameters were correlated with BGL and were compared between patient groups with elevated versus normal glucose values. A voxel‐based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis adjusted for confounding variables was performed correlating sites of ischemic lesions with PSH.

Results

Of 1,281 stroke patients screened, 229 (mean age = 66.3 ± 15.9 years) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with elevated BGL were older, had higher NIHSS scores, and had larger infarcts compared to those without elevated glucose levels. Spearman rank analysis showed correlations between BGL and age, infarct size, heart rate (HR), and NIHSS scores (p ≤ 0.05). The VLSM analysis adjusted for these confounding factors demonstrated associations between PSH and damaged voxels in right hemispheric insular and opercular areas.

Interpretation

The data indicate that damage in the right insulo‐opercular areas contributes to PSH. The association between sympathetically mediated increase of HR and BGL suggests disinhibition of sympathetic outflow as a possible mechanism for PSH. Ann Neurol 2015;77:262–268.
Promoter or enhancer, what's the difference? Deconstruction of established distinctions and presentation of a unifying model
Authors: Andersson Robin
Published: December 2014

Gene transcription is strictly controlled by the interplay of regulatory events at gene promoters and gene‐distal regulatory elements called enhancers. Despite extensive studies of enhancers, we still have a very limited understanding of their mechanisms of action and their restricted spatio‐temporal activities. A better understanding would ultimately lead to fundamental insights into the control of gene transcription and the action of regulatory genetic variants involved in disease. Here, I review and discuss pros and cons of state‐of‐the‐art genomics methods to localize and infer the activity of enhancers. Among the different approaches, profiling of enhancer RNAs yields the highest specificity and may be superior in detecting in vivo activity. I discuss their apparent similarities to promoters, which challenge the established view of enhancers and promoters as distinct entities, and present a unifying model of regulatory elements in transcriptional regulation, in which activity, transcriptional output and regulatory function is context specific.
Electrospinning preparation and photoluminescence properties of Y3Al5O12:Tb3+ nanostructures
Authors: Bi Fei , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia
Published: November 2014

Novel nanostructures of Y3Al5O12:Tb3+ (denoted as YAG:Tb3+ for short) nanobelts and nanofibers were fabricated by calcination of the respective electrospun PVP/[Y(NO3)3 + Tb(NO3)3 + Al(NO3)3] composite nanobelts and nanofibers. YAG:Tb3+ nanostructures are cubic in structure with a space group of Ia3d. The thickness and width of the YAG:7%Tb3+ nanobelts are respectively ca. 125 nm and 5.9 ± 0.3 µm, and the diameter of YAG:7%Tb3+ nanofibers is 166.0 ± 20 nm (95% confidence level). The YAG:Tb3+ nanostructures emit predominantly at 544 nm from the energy levels transition of 5D4 → 7 F5 of Tb3+ ions under the excitation of 274‐nm ultraviolet light. It was found that the optimum doping molar concentration of Tb3+ ions for YAG:Tb3+ nanostructures was 7%. Compared with YAG:7%Tb3+ nanofibers, YAG:7%Tb3+ nanobelts exhibit a stronger photoluminescence (PL) intensity under the same doping concentration. Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) analysis demonstrates that the emitting colors of YAG:Tb3+ nanostructures are located in the green region and color‐tuned luminescence can be obtained by changing the doping concentration of Tb3+ and morphologies of the nanostructures, which could be applied in the field of optical telecommunication and optoelectronic devices. The possible formation mechanisms of YAG:Tb3+ nanobelts and nanofibers are also proposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing proteome coverage for gel‐based human tear proteome maps: towards a more comprehensive profiling
Authors: Saraygord‐Afshari Neda , Naderi‐Manesh Hossein , Naderi Mostafa
Published: December 2014

In situations where the molecular mechanism of many ocular disorders is unknown, owing to the difficulties associated with sampling from ocular tissues, human tear film can be a promising medium in ophthalmic research. The present study demonstrates an in‐depth gel‐based proteome optimization survey to approach more appropriate and efficient systems in various situations such as normal and dry‐eye syndromes. Therefore, systematic and statistical evaluations were performed on different preparation methods, including acetone, acetone–methanol, chloroform–methanol–water, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)–acetone, tri‐n‐butylphosphate–acetone–methanol precipitations and ammonium sulfate fractionation at three different percentages of saturations (50, 70 and 90%). Methods were compared quantitatively on both one‐ and two‐dimensional patterns. Some important parameters such as total protein recovery yield, densitometric analysis of some protein contaminants, banding patterns and total spot numbers along with statistical models for proper clustering were considered. Findings revealed noticeable impacts of preparation methods on all aspects of gel‐based separations as well as recovery yield (ranging from 5.29 ± 0.96 to 22.56 ± 1.77 µg/mm) and banding and pattern resolution. In addition to all these, the most important point is that the total protein spot number on the final two‐dimensional patterns (varied from 528.00 ± 19.00 to 657.00 ± 21.52 for different methods) were also noticeably increased in comparison with previously published reports (maximum of 250 spots), which is essential for a more comprehensive analysis. Increasing the proteome coverage in the present study is supposed to originate from improved solubility and effective rehydration during the sample application and isoelectric focusing (IEF) procedure along with proper sample preparation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral blood hemophagocytosis in an unusual lymphoma
Authors: Fragasso Alberto , Mannarella Clara , Ciancio Angela , Scarciolla Oronzo
Published: December 2014

Key Clinical Message

We describe a patient with fever, pancytopenia, and hepato‐splenomegaly associated with the finding of neoplastic lymphoid cells and histiocytes with hemophagocytosis in the peripheral smear; the diagnostic features were suggestive for a biological overlap between a large B‐cell lymphoma with intravascular involvement and the Asian variant of intravascular B‐cell lymphoma.
Pediatric ovarian torsion: an uncommon clinical entity
Authors: Rajwani Kapil M. , Mahomed Anies
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical Message

Pediatric ovarian torsion is an infrequent diagnosis and it often mimics acute appendicitis. Most cases are due to underlying ovarian pathology and if left untreated, ovarian torsion may eventually cause peritonitis. Emergency exploratory laparoscopy represents a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool in suspected ovarian torsion.
Catalytic Performance of Coal Char for the Methane Reforming Process
Authors: He Tao , Sun Zhiqiang , Wu Jinhu , Xu Zexi , Zhang Dongke , Han Dezhi
Published: November 2014

A new concept of combined coal gasification and methane reforming in a single reactor was proposed as an alternative path for syngas production using coal and coalbed methane. Here, the results of this process are summarized. The experimental work was carried out in a fixed‐bed reactor. Methane cracking, CO2/steam reforming of methane over coal char, and the effects of chars made from different types of parent coal on methane conversion were examined. The catalytic effect of coal char on methane cracking and reforming increased with decreasing coalification degree. A synergistic effect was observed in that, while the coal char catalyzed the methane reforming reactions, gasification of the coal char took place simultaneously, which counter‐balanced the deposition of carbon especially for the methane‐steam‐char system.
Improved Density Correlation for Supercritical CO2
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Sun Baojiang , Yan Linlin
Published: November 2014

An experimental apparatus was designed to measure accurately the density of supercritical CO2 in wide temperature and pressure ranges. Based on experimental results, the curves for CO2 density as function of pressure at certain temperatures were divided into linear‐growth, rapid‐growth, and slow‐growth intervals. The relative error between the experimental and calculated density values for a number of frequently used equations of state was evaluated. These equations were corrected after analyzing the accuracy of each equation in the different intervals. A new method for calculating the density of supercritical CO2 that includes 28 constant parameters is proposed to determine the density at a known temperature and pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: (MMgBO3)n (n = 1, M: Li, Na, K, Rb and n = 4, M: Cs): An Investigation on the Structure Transition and Optical Properties.
Authors: Wang Zheng , Jing Qun , Zhang Min , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2014

A force‐equilibrium model is established to discuss the size effects of alkali metal cations on structural transitions in the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited LiFePO4 as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Liu Jian , Banis Mohammad N. , Sun Qian , Lushington Andrew , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2014

LiFePO4 is deposited on CNTs (CNT: carbon nanotube) by atomic layer deposition at 300 °C to form LiFePO4/CNT nanocomposite using ferrocene, ozone, trimethylphosphate, water, and LiO‐tBu as precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Crystal Growth and Structure Determination of Double Hydroxides LiSb(OH)6, BaSn(OH)6, and SrSn(OH)6.
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Kim Young‐Il , Ohara Satoshi , Woodward Patrick M.
Published: November 2014

Colorless single crystals of (III) and (VI) are grown hydrothermally and the crystal structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bulk Kesterite — A Prospective Photovoltaic Material.
Authors: Podisiadlo Slawomir , Bialoglowski Maciej , Matyszczak Grzegorz , Marek Paulina , Gebicki Wojciech , Bacewicz Rajmund , Stachowicz Marcin , Dluzewski Piotr , Wozniak Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

Bulk single crystals of Cu2ZnSnS4 of kesterite structure with dimensions up to 1 x 1 x 0.5 mm are prepared from naturally abundant CuS, ZnS, and SnS in a molar ratio of 2:1:1 (evacuated quartz ampule, 700 °C, 24—240 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Selective Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals Through Cation Exchange for Photovoltaic Devices.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Xiu , Wei Ming , Fan Feng‐Jia , Zhuang Tao‐Tao , Wu Liang , Yu Shu‐Hong , Zhu Chang‐Fei
Published: November 2014

Precursor Cu2SnS3 (CTS) nanoparticles with zinc blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) derived structure are prepared by dissolving CuCl2 and SnCl2 in oleylamine (180 °C, 30 min) followed by addition of different S sources (ZB‐type: elemental S, 280 °C; WZ‐type: 1‐dodecanethiol, 230 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrans via Organocatalytic Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Niu Zhiqiang , He Xinwei , Shang Yongjia
Published: November 2014

Michael addition of α‐cyanoketones to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of a L‐proline derivative affords 3,4‐dihydropyrans with moderate diastereoselectivity, high yields, and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes Catalyzed by a Two‐Component Organic Photoredox System: Direct Access to Phenethylamine Derivatives.
Authors: Nguyen Tien M. , Manohar Namita , Nicewicz David A.
Published: November 2014

Aliphatic alkenes as well as α‐ and β‐substituted styrenes undergo anti‐Markovnikov hydroamination with triflamide or heterocyclic amines in the presence of a novel photoredox catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Enol Ethers via Zn(OTf)2‐Mediated Formal Alkyne Hydration‐Smiles Rearrangement.
Authors: Chew Xinying , Lin Yuhan , Lim Yee Hwee
Published: November 2014

Terminal alkynes are transformed into enol ethers in a chemoselective manner via a formal tandem Markovnikov hydration‐Smiles rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: gem‐Difluoroolefination of Diaryl Ketones and Enolizable Aldehydes with Difluoromethyl 2‐Pyridyl Sulfone: New Insights into the Julia—Kocienski Reaction.
Authors: Gao Bing , Zhao Yanchuan , Hu Mingyou , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: November 2014

Efficient reaction conditions are developed for using difluoromethyl‐2‐pyridyl sulfone as reagent to convert diarylketones (II) as well as aliphatic aldehydes (IV) into the corresponding difluoroolefins (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Partial Hydrogenation of Trichloromethyl to gem‐Dichloromethyl Groups in Platinum on Carbon‐Catalyzed System.
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Imanishi Takahiro , Nakatani Ryosuke , Fujiwara Yuta , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: November 2014

The catalyst can be recycled and reused at least 4 times without a significant loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Cyclic N‐Sulfamidate Alkylketimines: A New Access to Chiral β‐Alkyl‐β‐aryl Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Chen Ya‐Jing , Chen Ya‐Heng , Feng Chen‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: November 2014

The method allows an efficient installation of a chiral quaternary center.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triarylmethanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H/C—O Coupling of Oxazoles and Diarylmethanol Derivatives.
Authors: Tabuchi Sho , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: November 2014

Preliminary investigations [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,9‐Diethynylanthracene Derivatives.
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Kawakami Takahiro , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: November 2014

Sequential reaction of substrate (I) with ethynyllithium reagents (II) and Grignard reagents (IV) provides silylated 2,9‐diethynylanthracenes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Promoted Heterocyclization of Internal Alkynes: A Comparative Study of Direct Metallate 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization versus a Stepwise Cyclization.
Authors: French Jonathan M. , Diver Steven T.
Published: November 2014

The title reaction affords five‐ and six‐membered ring nitrogen heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Perfluoroalkylated meso‐Aryl‐Substituted Subporphyrins: Synthesis and Properties.
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Liu Chao , Guo Yong , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: November 2014

Subporphyrin (I) shows a red‐shifted UV/Vis absorption band that arises from macrocycle nonplanar distortion induced by the trifluoromethyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Cross‐Aza‐Benzoin Reaction of Enals with Isatin‐Derived Ketimines: Access to Chiral Quaternary Aminooxindoles.
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Mou Chengli , Zhu Tingshun , Song Bao‐An , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: November 2014

Introduction of halogen substituents onto the isatin phenyl ring suppresses the formation of the corresponding cross‐aza benzoin products almost completely.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclization of Isocyanides with Alkenoyl Bis(ketene Dithioacetals): Access to 6,7‐Dihydro‐1H‐indol‐4(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Li Yifei , Xu Xianxiu , Shi Hui , Pan Ling , Liu Qun
Published: November 2014

The tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition/intramolecular imidoyl anion trapping strategy is successfully applied for the synthesis of the title compounds from alkenoyl bis(ketene dithioacetals) and tosylmethyl isocyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Access to Yne‐Functionalized Benzoisoindolines from Triynes.
Authors: Li Lidong , Hu Qiong , Zhou Pingping , Xie Haifeng , Zhang Xiaorong , Zhang Hao , Wang Hua , Hu Yimin
Published: November 2014

A Cu(I)‐catalyzed regioselective [4 + 2]‐type cycloaddition reaction leading to yne‐functionalized benzoisoindoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Warfarin and Its Analogues on Water.
Authors: Rogozinska‐Szymczak Maria , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: November 2014

(S,S)‐Diphenylethylenediamine is demonstrated to be an excellent organocatalyst for the enantioselective Michael addition of 4‐hydroxycoumarins to α,β‐unsaturated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Chemoselective Synthesis of 2,4,6,8‐Tetrasubstituted Quinazolines via Microwave‐Assisted Consecutive Bis‐SNAr/Bis‐Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kabri Youssef , Crozet Maxime D. , Redon Sebastien , Vanelle Patrice
Published: November 2014

The practical and efficient title two‐step procedure tolerates a wide range of functional groups in both reaction partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected TFA‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Benzo[d]oxazoles with 2‐Oxo‐2‐arylacetic Acids: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐2‐ones and Cephalandole A.
Authors: Yan Shaoxi , Ye Leping , Liu Miaochang , Chen Jiuxi , Ding Jinchang , Gao Wenxia , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue
Published: November 2014

The synthetic value of this reaction is demonstrated by preparation of the natural product cephalandole A (IIIg).
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenoids from Gynocardia odorata and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ghosh Pranab , Ghosh Ashim , Chakraborty Prasanta , Saha Bittu
Published: November 2014

isolation, structure determination, and antimicrobial activity of two new friedelane‐type triterpenoids (I) and (II) along with five known triterpenoids
ChemInform Abstract: Dammarane‐Type Triterpenoids as 11β‐HSD1 Inhibitors from Homonoia riparia.
Authors: Yu Jin‐Hai , Shen Yu , Liu Hong‐Bing , Leng Ying , Zhang Hua , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: November 2014

Horipenoids A (Ia), B (Ib), C (IIa), D (IIb), E (III), F (IV), G (V), and H (VI) are isolated and their structures are elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal—Thermal Conversion Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous MgO Microrods as Efficient Adsorbents for Lead(II) and Chromium(VI) Removal.
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Zhu Wancheng , Zhang Heng , Bi Siwei , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2014

MgO microrods with hierarchical porous structure (ranging from micropores to meso‐ and macropores) and well‐defined rod‐like morphology are prepared via a flux (NaCl) and surfactant (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, NP‐9) directed thermal decomposition (porcelain boat, 650, 2 h) of hydrothermally grown MgC2O4·2H2O microrods (autoclave, 180 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Elucidation of Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms in Ionic Liquids: The Important Role of Solvent Donor and Acceptor Properties
Authors: Schmeisser Matthias , van Eldik Rudi
Published: November 2014

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysts Workable in Water
Authors: Hara Michikazu
Published: November 2014

Review: [24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Paris
Authors: Wei Jin‐Chao , Gao Wen‐Yuan , Yan Xiao‐Dan , Wang Ying , Jing Song‐Song , Xiao Pei‐Gen
Published: November 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinugasa Reaction: An ′Ugly Duckling′ of β‐Lactam Chemistry
Authors: Stecko Sebastian , Furman Bartlomiej , Chmielewski Marek
Published: November 2014

Review: [100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing New 5‐Nitroimidazoles: Towards Safer Anti‐infectious Agents
Authors: Crozet Maxime D. , Terme Thierry , Vanelle Patrice
Published: November 2014

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Valuable Insight into the Synthesis and Biological Activities of Fused Heterocyclic Nucleus Using Microwave
Authors: Chawla Anshul , Kaur Harmanjit
Published: November 2014

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on Ultrafast X‐Ray Spectroscopy in the Chemical Sciences
Authors: Chen L. X. , Zhang X. , Shelby M. L.
Published: November 2014

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Low‐Voltage Cathodoluminescent Materials: Synthesis, Improvement and Emission Properties
Authors: Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: November 2014

Review: 277 refs.
The challenge of collaborative telerehabilitation: conception and evaluation of a telehealth system enhancement for home‐therapy follow‐up
Authors: Pani Danilo , Barabino Gianluca , Dessì Alessia , Uras Selene , Raffo Luigi
Published: November 2014

Telerehabilitation aims to solve problems like equitable access to the rehabilitation and cost reduction by providing rehabilitation services at a distance. The largest part of telerehabilitation systems implement a real‐time one‐to‐one process involving patient and therapist. Even though they can be successfully exploited in conditions such as post‐traumatic recovery, in complex scenarios, this simple model should be replaced by a more structured collaborative one envisioning a multidisciplinary team.

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a patient‐centric collaborative telerehabilitation framework aimed at supporting a multidisciplinary team in the follow‐up of domiciliary patients. The proposed framework follows the experience of a clinical trial that exploited a novel telerehabilitation device not conceived to support collaborative scenarios. Compared with the original system, the proposed extension allows the hierarchical division of the responsibility within the medical team, promoting a collaborative management of the rehabilitation. Proactive and decisional behaviors, as well as consulting practices on shared data within the medical team, are fostered by the system. Semi‐structured interviews have been administered to a panel of experts to evaluate the proposed approach. The collected feedback can be exploited to finely tune the system in view of a new clinical trial including new functionalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the System Temperature on Dust Cluster Formation in Plasma
Authors: Song Y. L. , Huang F. , Chen Z. Y. , Liu Y. H. , Yu M. Y. , Chen K. F. , Wang L.
Published: November 2014

Effects of the system temperature on dust aggregation in plasmas are investigated using two‐dimensional molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that as the system temperature increases, the boundary of the clusters becomes gradually irregular (i.e., deviating from sphere‐like), and the cluster system gradually changes from solid to liquid and finally to gas state. The mean square displacement, mean nearest‐neighbor distance in the clusters, cluster size and coupling parameter of the system are obtained and the properties of the system structure and dynamics are investigated. The time τ needed for reaching equilibrium for different temperatures is obtained. It is shown that τ firstly decreases and then increases with the temperature, indicating that there is an optimum temperature allowing a dust aggregation to reach an equilibrium state most rapidly. The simulation results agree qualitatively with the experimental observations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐Organization in Dense Plasmas: The Gamma‐Plateau
Authors: Clérouin J. , Arnault Ph. , Robert G. , Ticknor C. , Kress J. D. , Collins L. A.
Published: November 2014

When heated at constant volume (isochoric heating) a hot and dense plasma (10‐5000 eV, 1‐50 g/cm3) exhibits the same persistent microscopic structure over a wide range of temperatures as intuited long time ago by Laughlin [1]. In this steady‐state regime, which depends on the chosen density and on the atomic number, the static structure is essentially independent of the temperature and results in the subtle balance between ionization and temperature leading to a constant coupling between ions. This behavior, suggested by simulations, is confirmed by an analysis in the framework of the Thomas‐Fermi scaling laws and is driven by the ionization dynamics which regulates the coupling between ions and electrons. A simple fit is derived allowing for predicting the occurrence of this self‐organized regime: the Γ‐plateau. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantification of six cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Desrosiers Nathalie A. , Scheidweiler Karl B. , Huestis Marilyn A.
Published: November 2014

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most commonly analyzed cannabinoid in oral fluid (OF); however, its metabolite 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THC (THCCOOH) offers the advantage of documenting active consumption, as it is not detected in cannabis smoke. Analytical challenges such as low (ng/L) THCCOOH OF concentrations hampered routine OF THCCOOH monitoring. Presence of minor cannabinoids like cannabidiol and cannabinol offer the advantage of identifying recent cannabis intake. Published OF cannabinoids methods have limitations, including few analytes and lengthy derivatization. We developed and validated a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for THC, its metabolites, 11‐hydroxy‐THC and THCCOOH quantification, and other natural cannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol (CBG) in 1 mL OF collected with the Quantisal device. After solid‐phase extraction, chromatography was performed on a Selectra PFPP column with a 0.15% formic acid in water and acetonitrile gradient with a 0.5 mL/min flow rate. All analytes were monitored in positive mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with multiple reaction monitoring. Limits of quantification were 15 ng/L THCCOOH and 0.2 µg/L for all other analytes. Linear ranges extended to 3750 ng/L THCCOOH, 100 µg/L THC, and 50 µg/L for all other analytes. Inter‐day analytical recoveries (bias) and imprecision at low, mid, and high quality control (QC) concentrations were 88.7‐107.3% and 2.3‐6.7%, respectively (n = 20). Mean extraction efficiencies and matrix effects evaluated at low and high QC were 75.9–86.1% and 8.4–99.4%, respectively. This method will be highly useful for workplace, criminal justice, drug treatment and driving under the influence of cannabis OF testing. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
High intraspecific variability in the functional niche of a predator is associated with ontogenetic shift and individual specialization
Authors: Zhao Tian , Villéger Sébastien , Lek Sovan , Cucherousset Julien
Published: December 2014

Investigations on the functional niche of organisms have primarily focused on differences among species and tended to neglect the potential effects of intraspecific variability despite the fact that its potential ecological and evolutionary importance is now widely recognized. In this study, we measured the distribution of functional traits in an entire population of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to quantify the magnitude of intraspecific variability in functional traits and niche (size, position, and overlap) between age classes. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) were also used to determine the association between individual trophic ecology and intraspecific functional trait variability. We observed that functional traits were highly variable within the population (mean coefficient variation: 15.62% ± 1.78% SE) and predominantly different between age classes. In addition, functional and trophic niche overlap between age classes was extremely low. Differences in functional niche between age classes were associated with strong changes in trophic niche occurring during ontogeny while, within age classes, differences among individuals were likely driven by trophic specialization. Each age class filled only a small portion of the total functional niche of the population and age classes occupied distinct portions in the functional space, indicating the existence of ontogenetic specialists with different functional roles within the population. The high amplitude of intraspecific variability in functional traits and differences in functional niche position among individuals reported here supports the recent claims for an individual‐based approach in functional ecology.
Extensive population admixture on drone congregation areas of the giant honeybee, Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793)
Authors: Beaurepaire Alexis L. , Kraus Bernard F. , Koeniger Gudrun , Koeniger Nikolaus , Lim Herbert , Moritz Robin F. A.
Published: December 2014

The giant honeybee Apis dorsata often forms dense colony aggregations which can include up to 200 often closely related nests in the same location, setting the stage for inbred matings. Yet, like in all other Apis species, A. dorsata queens mate in mid‐air on lek like drone congregation areas (DCAs) where large numbers of males gather in flight. We here report how the drone composition of A. dorsata DCAs facilitates outbreeding, taking into the account both spatial (three DCAs) and temporal (subsequent sampling days) dynamics. We compared the drones’ genotypes at ten microsatellite DNA markers with those of the queen genotypes of six drone‐producing colonies located close to the DCAs (Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia). None of 430 sampled drones originated from any of these nearby colonies. Moreover, we estimated that 141 unidentified colonies were contributing to the three DCAs. Most of these colonies were participating multiple times in the different locations and/or during the consecutive days of sampling. The drones sampled in the DCAs could be attributed to six subpopulations. These were all admixed in all DCA samples, increasing the effective population size an order of magnitude and preventing matings between potentially related queens and drones.
Habitat heterogeneities versus spatial type frequency variances as driving forces of dispersal evolution
Authors: Novak Sebastian
Published: November 2014

Understanding the evolution of dispersal is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of natural populations. Two main factors are known to influence dispersal evolution: spatio‐temporal variation in the environment and relatedness between individuals. However, the relation between these factors is still poorly understood, and they are usually treated separately. In this article, I present a theoretical framework that contains and connects effects of both environmental variation and relatedness, and reproduces and extends their known features. Spatial habitat variation selects for balanced dispersal strategies, whereby the population is kept at an ideal free distribution. Within this class of dispersal strategies, I explain how increased dispersal is promoted by perturbations to the dispersal type frequencies. An explicit formula shows the magnitude of the selective advantage of increased dispersal in terms of the spatial variability in the frequencies of the different dispersal strategies present. These variances are capable of capturing various sources of stochasticity and hence establish a common scale for their effects on the evolution of dispersal. The results furthermore indicate an alternative approach to identifying effects of relatedness on dispersal evolution.
Acute heart failure in elderly patients: worse outcomes and differential utility of standard prognostic variables. Insights from the PROTECT trial
Authors: Metra Marco , Mentz Robert J. , Chiswell Karen , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Cleland John G.F. , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth A. , Dittrich Howard C. , Fiuzat Mona , Givertz Michael M. , Lazzarini Valentina , Mansoor George A. , Massie Barry M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. , O'Connor Christopher M.
Published: November 2014

Aims

Previous heart failure (HF) trials suggested that age influences patient characteristics and outcome; however, under‐representation of elderly patients has limited characterization of this cohort. Whether standard prognostic variables have differential utility in various age groups is unclear.

Methods and results

The PROTECT trial investigated 2033 patients (median age 72 years) with acute HF randomized to rolofylline or placebo. Patients were divided into five groups based on the quintiles of age: ≤59, 60–68, 69–74, 75–79, and ≥80 years. Baseline characteristics, medications, and outcomes (30‐day death or cardiovascular/renal hospitalization, and death at 30 and 180 days) were explored. The prognostic utility of baseline characteristics for outcomes was investigated in the different groups and in those aged <80 years vs. ≥80 years. With increasing age, patients were more likely to be women with hypertension, AF, and higher EF. Increased age was associated with increased risk of 30‐ and 180‐day outcomes, which persisted after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for 180‐day death = 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.24 for each 5‐year increase). The prognostic utility of baseline characteristics such as previous HF hospitalization and serum sodium, systolic blood pressure, and NYHA class was attenuated in the elderly for the endpoint of 180‐day mortality. An increase in albumin was associated with a greater reduction in risk in patients aged ≥80 years vs. <80 years.

Conclusions

In a large trial of acute HF, there were differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes amongst patients of different ages. Standard prognostic variables exhibit different utility in elderly patients.
Rapid CD4+ T‐cell responses to bacterial flagellin require dendritic cell expression of Syk and CARD9
Authors: Atif Shaikh M. , Lee Seung‐Joo , Li Lin‐Xi , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , Gorjestani Sara , Lin Xin , Schweighoffer Edina , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. , McSorley Stephen J.
Published: November 2014

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) can recognize microbial patterns and utilize adaptor molecules, such as‐MyD88 or (TRIF TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β), to initiate downstream signaling that ultimately affects the initiation of adaptive immunity. In addition to this inflammatory role, TLR5 expression on dendritic cells can favor antigen presentation of flagellin peptides and thus increase the sensitivity of flagellin‐specific T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Here, we examined the role of alternative signaling pathways that might regulate flagellin antigen presentation in addition to MyD88. These studies suggest a requirement for spleen tyrosine kinase, a noncanonical TLR‐signaling adaptor molecule, and its downstream molecule CARD9 in regulating the sensitivity of flagellin‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a previously unappreciated signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the dominance of flagellin‐specific T‐cell responses.
Synthesis and Conformational Study of Bioconjugates Derived from 1‐Acetyl‐1′‐aminoferrocene and α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Semenčić Mojca Čakić , Kovač Veronika , Kodrin Ivan , Barišić Lidija , Rapić Vladimir
Published: November 2014

1,1′‐Disubstituted ferrocene conjugates present useful and efficient bioorganometallic constraint design to reduce the conformational flexibility of small peptides. In this study we present the first systematic conformational analysis of nonsymmetric ferrocene peptidomimetics (Boc‐AA‐NH‐Fn‐COMe; Boc = tert‐butoxycarbonyl; AA = Gly, L‐Ala, L‐Val; Fn = 1,1′‐ferrocenylene) and their monosubstituted analogues (Boc‐AA‐NH‐Fc; Fc = ferrocenyl; AA = Gly, L‐Ala, L‐Val). The spectroscopic data (IR, NMR and CD) were corroborated by DFT calculations and indicated the engagement of the NH group closest to the ferrocene unit in intrachain hydrogen bonds. This medium‐strength bond is not disrupted by the introduction of a hydrogen‐bonding acceptor on the other ferrocene ring, but rather is accompanied by an additional interchain hydrogen bond, which causes the restricted rotation of ferrocene rings and gives rise to a chiral arrangement of the ferrocene core in a P helical manner.
Cyclizations of 1,2‐Bis(pinacolylboryl)acetylene at Zirconocene
Authors: Altenburger Kai , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: November 2014

In the reaction of Cp2Zr(py)(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (1Zr) (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl) with the bis‐BPin‐substituted alkyne (2) (BPin = pinacolylboryl = 4′,4′,5′,5′‐tetramethyl‐[1′,3′,2′]dioxaborolan‐2′‐yl) via the zirconacyclopropene Cp2Zr(py)(η2‐PinBC2BPin) (3), or alternatively by the reduction of Cp2ZrCl2 with magnesium in the presence of two equivalents of 2, the zirconacyclopentadiene Cp2Zr[C4(BPin)4] (4) was obtained. It was of interest to see how substituents influence the special side reactions of metallacyclopentadienes and if those would limit their synthetic application. Complex 4 reacts with (Ph3P)2NiCl2 and 3‐hexyne to give the hexasubstituted benzene 1,2‐ethyl‐3,4,5,6‐pinacolylboryl‐benzene (6). During this procedure the heterometallic ferrol‐type complex CpZr[CpNiC4(BPin)4]Cl2 (7) is observed as a side product. In this complex, one Cp ligand moves from Zr to Ni, from which the Ph3P ligands are eliminated. The nickelacyclopentadiene is η4‐bonded to the vacant site of the former zirconocendichloride. The formation of 7 is connected with the inhibition for the formation of 6. Compounds 7 and 6 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Ozone inhalation leads to a dose‐dependent increase of cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes
Authors: Holland Nina , Davé Veronica , Venkat Subha , Wong Hofer , Donde Aneesh , Balmes John R. , Arjomandi Mehrdad
Published: December 2014

Ozone is an important constituent of ambient air pollution and represents a major public health concern. Oxidative injury due to ozone inhalation causes the generation of reactive oxygen species and can be genotoxic. To determine whether ozone exposure causes genetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes, we used a well‐validated cytokinesis‐block micronucleus Cytome assay. Frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NB) were used as indicators of cytogenetic damage. Samples were obtained from 22 non‐smoking healthy subjects immediately before and 24‐hr after controlled 4‐hr exposures to filtered air, 100 ppb, and 200 ppb ozone while exercising in a repeated‐measure study design. Inhalation of ozone at different exposure levels was associated with a significant dose‐dependent increase in MN frequency (P < 0.0001) and in the number of cells with more than one MN per cell (P < 0.0005). Inhalation of ozone also caused an increase in the number of apoptotic cells (P = 0.002). Airway neutrophilia was associated with an increase in MN frequency (P = 0.033) independent of the direct effects of ozone exposure (P < 0.0001). We also observed significant increases in both MN and NB frequencies after exercise in filtered air, suggesting that physical activity is also an important inducer of oxidative stress. These results corroborate our previous findings that cytogenetic damage is associated with ozone exposure, and show that damage is dose‐dependent. Further study of ozone‐induced cytogenetic damage in airway epithelial cells could provide evidence for the role of oxidative injury in lung carcinogenesis, and help to address the potential public health implications of exposures to oxidant environments. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:378–387, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic variants of adiponectin and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Song Mingyang , Gong Jian , Giovannucci Edward L. , Berndt Sonja I. , Brenner Hermann , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Curtis Keith R. , Harrison Tabitha A. , Hoffmeister Michael , Hsu Li , Jiao Shuo , Le Marchand Loic , Potter John D. , Schoen Robert E. , Seminara Daniela , Slattery Martha L. , White Emily , Wu Kana , Ogino Shuji , Fuchs Charles S. , Hunter David J. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Hu Frank B. , Rimm Eric , Jensen Majken , Peters Ulrike , Chan Andrew T.
Published: November 2014

Circulating adiponectin has been associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Genome‐wide association studies have identified several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adiponectin levels. However, it is unclear whether these SNPs are associated with CRC risk. In addition, previous data on SNPs in the adiponectin pathway and their associations with CRC are inconsistent. Therefore, we examined 19 SNPs in genes related to adiponectin or its receptors and their associations with CRC using logistic regression among 7,020 cases and 7,631 controls drawn from ten studies included in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium. Using data from a subset of two large cohort studies, we also assessed the contribution of individual SNPs and an adiponectin genetic score to plasma adiponectin after accounting for lifestyle factors among 2,217 women and 619 men. We did not find any statistically significant association between the 19 adiponectin‐associated SNPs and CRC risk (multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.89 to 1.05, all p > 0.05). Each SNP explained less than 2.50% of the variance of plasma adiponectin, and the genetic score collectively accounted for 2.95 and 1.42% of the variability of adiponectin in women and men, respectively, after adjustment for age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and postmenopausal hormone use. In conclusion, our findings do not support an association between known adiponectin‐related common SNPs and CRC incidence. However, known common SNPs account for only a limited proportion of the interindividual variance in circulating adiponectin. Further work is warranted to investigate the relationship between adiponectin and CRC while accounting for other components in the pathway.
The effects of population‐based mammography screening starting between age 40 and 50 in the presence of adjuvant systemic therapy
Authors: de Gelder Rianne , Heijnsdijk Eveline A.M. , Fracheboud Jacques , Draisma Gerrit , de Koning Harry J.
Published: November 2014

Adjuvant systemic therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing breast cancer mortality. The additional effect of mammography screening remains uncertain, in particular for women aged 40–49 years. We therefore assessed the effects of screening starting between age 40 and 50, as compared to the effects of adjuvant systemic therapy. The use of adjuvant endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and the combination of endocrine‐ and chemotherapy, as well as the uptake of mammography screening in the Netherlands was modeled using micro‐simulation. The effects of screening and treatment were modeled based on randomized controlled trials. The effects of adjuvant therapy, biennial screening between age 50 and 74 in the presence of adjuvant therapy, and extending the screening programme by starting at age 40 were assessed by comparing breast cancer mortality in women aged 0–100 years in scenarios with and without these interventions. In 2008, adjuvant treatment was estimated to have reduced the breast cancer mortality rate in the simulated population by 13.9%, compared to a situation without treatment. Biennial screening between age 50 and 74 further reduced the mortality rate by 15.7%. Extending screening to age 48 would lower the mortality rate by 1.0% compared to screening from age 50; 10 additional screening rounds between age 40 and 49 would reduce this rate by 5.1%. Adjuvant systemic therapy and screening reduced breast cancer mortality in similar amounts. Expanding the lower age limit of screening would further reduce breast cancer mortality.
Nitrate and nitrite ingestion and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa
Authors: Inoue‐Choi Maki , Jones Rena R. , Anderson Kristin E. , Cantor Kenneth P. , Cerhan James R. , Krasner Stuart , Robien Kim , Weyer Peter J. , Ward Mary H.
Published: November 2014

Nitrate and nitrite are precursors in the endogenous formation of N‐nitroso compounds (NOC), potential human carcinogens. We evaluated the association of nitrate and nitrite ingestion with postmenopausal ovarian cancer risk in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Among 28,555 postmenopausal women, we identified 315 incident epithelial ovarian cancers from 1986 to 2010. Dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes were assessed at baseline using food frequency questionnaire data. Drinking water source at home was obtained in a 1989 follow‐up survey. Nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) and total trihalomethane (TTHM) levels for Iowa public water utilities were linked to residences and average levels were computed based on each woman's duration at the residence. We computed multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We tested interactions of nitrate with TTHMs and dietary factors known to influence NOC formation. Ovarian cancer risk was 2.03 times higher (CI = 1.22–3.38, ptrend = 0.003) in the highest quartile (≥2.98 mg/L) compared with the lowest quartile (≤0.47 mg/L; reference) of NO3‐N in public water, regardless of TTHM levels. Risk among private well users was also elevated (HR = 1.53, CI = 0.93–2.54) compared with the same reference group. Associations were stronger when vitamin C intake was <median (pinteraction = 0.01 and 0.33 for private well and public supplies, respectively). Dietary nitrate was inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk (ptrend = 0.02); whereas, dietary nitrite from processed meats was positively associated with the risk (ptrend = 0.04). Our findings indicate that high nitrate levels in public drinking water and private well use may increase ovarian cancer risk among postmenopausal women.
Early recognition of lung cancer by integrin targeted imaging in K‐ras mouse model
Authors: Ermolayev Vladimir , Mohajerani Pouyan , Ale Angelique , Sarantopoulos Athanasios , Aichler Michaela , Kayser Gian , Walch Axel , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: December 2014

Non‐small cell lung cancer is characterized by slow progression and high heterogeneity of tumors. Integrins play an important role in lung cancer development and metastasis and were suggested as a tumor marker; however their role in anticancer therapy remains controversial. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of integrin‐targeted imaging to recognize early lesions in transgenic mouse model of lung cancer based on spontaneous introduction of mutated human gene bearing K‐ras mutation. We conducted ex vivo and fluorescence molecular tomography‐X‐ray computed tomography (FMT‐XCT) in vivo imaging and analysis for specific targeting of early lung lesions and tumors in rodent preclinical model for lung cancer. The lesions and tumors were characterized by histology, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry using a panel of cancer markers. Ex vivo, the integrin‐targeted fluorescent signal significantly differed between wild type lung tissue and K‐ras pulmonary lesions (PL) at all ages studied. The panel of immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that PL, which only partially show cancer cell features were detected by αvβ3‐integrin targeted imaging. Human patient material analysis confirmed the specificity of target localization in different lung cancer types. Most importantly, small tumors in the lungs of 4‐week‐old animals could be noninvasively detected in vivo on the fluorescence channel of FMT‐XCT. Our findings demonstrated αvβ3‐integrin targeted fluorescent imaging to specifically detect premalignant pleural lesions in K‐ras mice. Integrin targeted imaging may find application areas in preclinical research and clinical practice, such as early lung cancer diagnostics, intraoperative assistance or therapy monitoring.