bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Novel Topical Formulations of Vitamins
Authors: Desai Juhi , Mallya Rashmi
Published: December 2021

Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active ingredients purporting to have drug-like benefits. Cosmeceuticals are one of the fastest-growing segments of the personal care industry as their use has drastically increased over the years. Vitamins being one of the popular ingredients in cosmeceuticals have numerous skin benefits. Vitamins are organic micronutrients essential for the proper functioning of the body. The popular vitamins used in cosmetics are vitamin A, vitamin B3, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin K. These vitamins play an important role in treating skin conditions like acne, hyperpigmentation, and photoaging, protecting from UV, deactivating free radicals, and improving skin moisture retention levels of the skin. This review article emphasizes on the novel formulation of the vitamins-based cosmeceuticals. The novel carriers system has gained importance in cosmetic delivery due to its advantages such as enhanced skin penetration, sustained and controlled drug release profile, maintenance of the concentration within the therapeutic range, with greater safety and targeted delivery of active to the desired tissues.
The Randomized Clinical Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Oral Tramadol in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy
Authors: Zobeiri Mehdi , Kamari Teimour , Rezaei Mansour , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aims:

Colonoscopy is a wide-spreading procedure with pain as a habitual challenge for the therapeutic team. The aim of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of oral tramadol in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Patients and Methods:

This randomized controlled trial was performed in 124 consecutive patients who completed total colonoscopy, which is randomly divided into two groups, receiving either 100 mg single dose oral tramadol or placebo. Pain intensity during colonoscopy is evaluated by numerical rating scale (NRS) criteria in four levels: no pain, mild, moderate, and severe pain. This study was registered in http://www.IRCT.ir, number: IRCT2015010820610N1.

Results:

Two groups were matched in age, sex, and colonoscopy indication. The pain intensity in patients receiving tramadol was significantly lower than that in patients receiving placebo (P <0.05). Nausea, sweating, moaning, and palpitation during colonoscopy were significantly lower, and desire to do a colonoscopy without sedation was significantly higher in the tramadol group.

Conclusion:

Oral tramadol in patients undergoing colonoscopy is effective in reducing pain and symptoms.
Minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults
Authors: Elramady Sarah Z. , Rashed Khaled H. , Mohamed Rania E.E. , Nassar Hasan G.E.
Published: December 2021

Background

Minor stroke and transient ischemic attack are markers of reduced cerebral blood flow; they rarely occur in the young but may have a long-lasting impact and also lifelong cognitive impairment.

Aim

The objective of our work was to estimate the possible etiologies and early functional and disability outcome in young adults.

Patients and methods

This study was carried out on 52 patients aged from 18 to 50 years submitted to history taking, general medical examination, neurological evaluation, cardiologic assessment including (ECG, transthoracic echo, and transesophageal echo if needed), laboratory investigation, and radiological imaging including [computed tomography (CT) brain, MRI brain with diffusion, carotid duplex, transcranial duplex (TCD), and/or CT angiography when needed]. Modified Rankin scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale were done at admission and 3 months after onset to assess physical dependence and cognitive impairment.

Results

The main risk factors for the development of minor stroke and transient ischemic attack were smoking (40.38%), hypertension (38.46%), diabetes mellitus (25%), cardiac disease (25%), and addiction (11.54%). The leading causes were small-artery disease (26.92%) and cardioembolic subtype (25%). The radiological finding of acute ischemic lesion was more common on diffusion-weighed imaging MRI than CT.

Conclusions

Smoking and hypertension were the most common risk factors. The most common causes are small-artery and cardioembolic diseases. Cognitive functions showed improvement within 3 months.
Outcome of Intensive Therapy for Children with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Single Institution Korean Study
Authors: Lee Jae Wook , Yoo Jae Won , Kim Seongkoo , Jang Pil-Sang , Chung Nack-Gyun , Cho Bin
Published: December 2021

Purpose Approximately 30%-40% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients relapse. In this study, we analyzed the outcome and prognostic factors of relapsed AML patients who had previously received first-line therapy at our institution.Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 50 patients who had been diagnosed with AML from April 2009 to December 2018, and then showed first relapse. Thirty-two of the patients (64%) had previously received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first complete remission (CR).Results Forty-five of the patients (90%) received intensive chemotherapy upon diagnosis of relapse, and 76% (34/45) of these patients achieved a second CR. Estimated 5-year overall survival for these 45 patients was 44.9%±7.6%. Time from diagnosis to relapse, extramedullary involvement (EMI) at diagnosis, core binding factor AML, and complex karyotype were significant prognostic factors; in multivariate study, both time from diagnosis to relapse and EMI at diagnosis proved significant. There was no difference in 5-year disease-free survival between patients previously treated with chemotherapy only and those who received HSCT in first CR (52.4%±14.9% vs. 52.6%±11.5%). Of the 19 patients who achieved second CR after previous allogeneic HSCT in first CR and subsequent relapse, 11 were treated with chemotherapy only, and seven survive disease-free.Conclusion Intensive therapy allowed for long-term survival in 40%-50% of patients, and 50% of patients who achieved second CR, regardless of prior treatment modalities in first CR. Intensive treatment may allow for salvage of a significant portion of patients with relapsed pediatric AML.
Effects of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study in Korea using extended landmark time analysis
Authors: Seo Hwa Jeong , Oh Hyun Sook
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effectiveness of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in type 2 diabetes patients.METHODS: Population-based cohort data were used from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database (KNHIS-NSC) for 2002-2013. Patient-specific medication prescription status was defined by the landmark time (LMT; a fixed time after cohort entry), considering both pre- and post-LMT prescriptions to control methodological biases in observational research. The LMT was set to 2 years. Logistic regression analysis with multivariable adjustment was conducted to analyze cancer incidence by patient-specific medication prescription status.RESULTS: Only 33.4% of the subjects were prescribed medication early (before the LMT) with compliance. Cancer incidence in individuals with early prescription and compliance was 25% lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.84) than in those without. As early-prescribed medications, metformin monotherapy and metformin combination therapy were associated with 34% (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83) and 25% (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88) lower cancer risk than non-use, respectively. Patients who were prescribed late (post-LMT) but did not comply with the prescription had a 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.58) higher cancer incidence than non-users. Among patients who started monotherapy early without changes throughout the entire follow-up period, those who started on metformin had a 37% (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.99) lower risk of cancer than non-metformin users.CONCLUSIONS: Doctors must prescribe antidiabetic medication early, and patient compliance is required, regardless of the prescription time, to prevent cancer. Metformin monotherapy or combination therapy is recommended as an early prescription.
Cytokine profiles in highly active antiretroviral treatment non-adherent, adherent and naive HIV-1 infected patients in Western Kenya
Authors: Musa Fauzia , Shaviya Nathan , Mambo Fidelis , Abonyo Collins , Barasa Erick , Wafula Philemon , Sowayi George , Barasa Mustafa , Were Tom
Published: December 2021

Background: Cytokines play an important role in signaling the immune system to build an adequate immune responseagainst HIV. HIV distorts the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines causing viral replication. Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) acts by trying to restore pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. It is not clear how HAART non-adherence influences circulating cytokine levels. This study therefore determined cytokine levels in HAART non-adherent individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 163 participants (51 controls, 23 HIV-1+ HAART naive, 28 HAART-adherent6 months, 19 HAART-adherent 12 months and 42 HAART non-adherent). Cytokines were analyzed by ELISA while CD4 T cells determined in 3.0 μl of whole blood using BD FACSCaliburTM and viral load in 0.2ml plasma sample using Abbott Molecular m2000sp sample preparation and m2000rt real-time amplification and detection systems (Abbott MolecularInc., Illinois, USA) according to the manufacturer’s methods.

Results: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β were significantly elevated in HIV-1 HAART non-adherent compared withHIV-1 HAART adherent and healthy controls P<0.01. IFN- γ was significantly decreased in HIV-1 HAART non-adherentcompared with HIV-1 HAART adherent and healthy controls P<0.01. TNF-α and TGF-β were significantly reduced in HIV-1 HAART adherent patients at 12 months compared to those at 6 months P<0.01. IL-4 and IL-10 correlated positively withviral load. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF- β associated inversely with CD4 T cell counts and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion: This study established that HAART adherence is immunologically beneficial to the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance milieu while non-adherence appears to cause alterations in pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines warping the balance in this dichotomy.

Keywords: Cytokines; non-adherence; HAART.
Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from patients attended with urinary infections to Tertiary Hospitals, in Iran
Authors: Tabatabaei Azardokht , Ahmadi Khadijeh , Namazi Shabestari Alireza , Khosravi Nastaran , Badamchi Ali
Published: December 2021

Background: Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in P. mirabilis strains isolated from patients whoattended a tertiary hospital in Iran.

Methods: In this study, 100 P. mirabilis strains from urine samples were isolated. These isolated strains were identified by biochemical and PCR-based tests, and their antibiotic resistance was profiled through a standard procedure using 14 antibiotics.PCR assays were used to detect virulence-related genes in P. mirabilis strains. The biofilm formation of each P. mirabilis strain was examined.

Results: Of the 100 P. mirabilis isolates, 16 (16%) were multidrug-resistant. High resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole (97%), nalidixic acid (93%), cefotaxime (77%), and amoxicillin (62%). Sixty of the 100 isolates showed resistance against extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The prevalence rates of the genes related to the virulence factors in this study were mrpH (100%), ucaA (91%), hpmA (94%), zapA (95%), ptaA (100%), ureG (100%), pmfA (100%), fliC (97%), and mrpA (90%) using PCR method. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 20% (5/25) of the strains isolated fromnon-catheterized samples and 80% (20/25) of strains isolated from catheterized samples.

Conclusions: Resistance to antibiotics and the prevalence of pathogenicity genes are high in Proteus mirabilis strains iolated from UTIs.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Proteus mirabilis; biofilm; virulence factors.
Falls and potential therapeutic interventions among elderly and older adult patients with cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Kamal Abdelbasset Walid , Nambi Gopal , H Elsayed Shereen , M Osailan Ahmad , M Eid Marwa
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review for previous publications that have assessed the incidence, risk factors, and favorable procedures to prevent and manage falls among cancer survivors of elderly and older adults.

Materials: This systematic review was undertook using PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane Database of clinical studies and systematic reviews to determine the incidence, risk factors, favorable inpatient and outpatient management, and non-pharmacological interventions for falls among elderly and older adult patients with cancer from 2010 to October, 2020.

Results: After the comprehensive screening, clinical studies, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and established guidelines were included in this review. Only 5 clinical studies (3 randomized and 2 single-arm studies), 5 systematic reviews, and 6 established guidelines were considered eligible. The five systematic reviews provide risk factors of falls and the 6 guidelines provide assessment & prevention modalities of falls, however, the 6 clinical studies provide the non-pharmacological intervention for falling among cancer survivors. Many factors associated are demonstrated among wide range of elderly individuals.Earlier falls were reliably listed as an important risk factor of falls in the two inpatient and outpatient environments including both general older people and geriatric cancer populations.

Conclusions: This review concludes that the assessment of falls among older individuals with cancer is the most important way for determining who could need additional observation and treatment program. Health professions involving physical therapy and occupational therapy have an important function for promoting health well-being in elderly and older adults with cancer.

Keywords: Cancer; falls; elderly; older adults, risk factors, intervention.
Model for Teaching the Helping Babies Survive Course Series and Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics Workshops to Rural Skilled Birth Attendants in Uganda
Authors: Kinnevey Christina , Douglas David , Larsen Ann , Wilson Molly , Sams Sarah , Kawooya Michael , Kirumira Fred , Douglas Robert
Published: December 2021

Background: Uganda, like much of Sub-Saharan Africa and other underserved regions continues to face the challenge of high neonatal and maternal mortality. The Helping Babies Survive (HBS) course and the Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) provide hands on education to train providers in key life-saving interventions. A uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) procedure can be life-saving in the event of uterine bleeding. The purpose of this implementation research is to gain more insight into the effectiveness of a tailored down 5-day combined HBS-ALSO-UBT course. In this study, we found that a tailored down 5-day combined HBS-ALSO-UBT could be performed with significantly improved self-assessment in diagnosing and managing a wide range of peripartum conditions.Keywords: Neonatal; Perinatal Care; Maternal Morbidity.
Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Woldia Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Yimer Desale , Seid Adem Omer , Arefayene Mastewal , Chanie Tefera , Linger Endalifer Melese
Published: December 2021

Background: Inappropriate practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is still a major problem worldwide.Objective: To identify exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Woldia Town.Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was carried out.Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. The questionnaire was adapted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Hosmer-Lemeshowmodel was fitted at a P-value of 0.91. Finally, Variables having P-Value <0.05 with 95% CI was considered as significant factors.Result: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 46.2% (95% CI: 42.0, 49.8). Being employed mothers (AOR=0.62,95% CI:0.44,0.87), being head of a household (AOR=0.52,95% CI:0.32,0.83),not g getting husband support (AOR:0.5,95%CI:0.34,0.74),not fed colostrum’s (AOR:0.36,95%CI:0.23,0.57),not affected by traditional belief (AOR:3.59,95% CI:2.09-6.17) shows significant association with Exclusive breast feeding practice.Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding practice was relatively lower than the National prevalence. Some demographic variable and traditional beliefs were significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding. Designing model policies that empower the role of women and eradicating bad traditional beliefs in the community is fundamental step.

Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding; Breastfeeding practice; Breastfeeding Promotion.
Phytochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant activity of Emelia M (EMB), Mshikazi and Delosma H herbal medicines as demonstrated in THP-1 and Jurkat leukaemia cell lines
Authors: Nkechinyere Adeniyi Joy , Nlooto Manimbulu , Ngcobo Mlungisi , Moodley Roshila , Gomo Exnevia
Published: December 2021

Background: Three decoctions, namely Emelia M (EMB), Mshikazi and Delosma H are used by traditional health practitioners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to treat and manage leukaemia and related conditionsObjectives: This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile of the aqueous extracts of Emelia M (EMB), Mshikazi and Delosma H decoctions.Methods: Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), glutathione (GSH), phosphomolybdate and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assays. Phytochemical screening was used to determinethe presence of compounds.Results: The DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar to ascorbic acid for EMB and Delosma H, but not for Mshikazi. At 24 h, EMB increased GSH in both THP-1 and Jurkat cells similar to Delosma H while Mshikazi demonstrated the lowest activity. At 48 h, EMB and Delosma H revealed increased GSH in THP-1 cells with no significant decrease in GSH levels in Jurkat cells. However, EMB showed the lowest lipid peroxidation activity compared to Delosma H and Mshikazi after 24 h treatment of both cells. Phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins were present in all extracts.Conclusion: Extracts of the three decoctions possess both antioxidant and prooxidant properties through high scavenging activity and increased in lipid peroxidation.

Keywords: Antioxidants; herbal medicines; Emelia M; Mshikazi; Delosma H.
Comparative assessment of Moringa oleifera seed and pod extracts for turbidity removal from surface water
Authors: Ahmed A.M. , Mohammed K.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
(Pod)wodne słuchanie i dryfująca antropologia hydrodźwięku
Authors: Stanisz Agata
Published: December 2021

(Under)water Listening and a Drifting Anthropology of Hydrosound The aim of the article is to show the methodological and practical potential of combining anthropology of sound, wet ontology, and the oceanic ecology of the soundscape. I refer to this combination as the drifting anthropology of hydrosound. Taking advantage of the transdisciplinary nature of an anthropology of sound and presenting the specificity of underwater techno-mediated listening, I point to a shift towards less anthropocentric and inclusive understanding of human and environmental interactions. This inclusiveness is exceptionally clear in the practices of underwater listening. The article is divided into three parts. The first is an outline of the process of the emergence of anthropology of water and an introduction to the anthropology of sound. In the second part, I focus on the underwater listening processes. In the third, final one, I try to formulate the anthropology of hydrosound by referring to the wet ontology as well as multi- and interspecies approaches.
Myśleć przez morze. Sztrandowanie i inne metafory, w poszukiwaniu poznawczych alternatyw
Authors: Owczarska Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Thinking Through the Sea. Stranding and Other Metaphors, in Search of Cognitive Alternatives In this article, I would like to consider the comparison of stranding to landcentric cognitive processes that translate into the creation of an impossible world – devoid of water and its potentials, rhythms and cycles immersed in it. I will illustrate this with examples of fresh water and sea hydro-policies (including nuclear trials in the Pacific) and will explore cognitive and activist alternatives proposed by the Polynesian sailors and navigators. I will also use two ambiguous metaphors of a ship and a Polynesian voyaging canoe as an opening for different narrations of the planets’ future in the climate crisis.
Whales, Water, and Disability. Towards a Blue Cultural Disability Studies
Authors: Ojrzyńska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The article explores possible intersections between cultural disability studies and the blue humanities. It opens with a discussion of cultural representations of atypical aquatic mammals and fish. Yet, the main focus is placed on various contemporary literary texts (Mateusz Pakuła’s Wieloryb: The Globe, John Wilson’s From the Depths, and Kaite O’Reilly’s In Water I’m Weightless), which were written either by or for artists with disabilities. As will be shown, all of them allude to water or/and marine environment in order to comment on disability, its social constructedness and context dependence, and the conservation of biological and cultural diversity. In doing so, these texts challenge the fixedness of the disabled/non-disabled binary and subtly hint at a possibility of transgressing the traditional opposition between the human and the animal. This in turn points to the potential of applying the oceanic perspective, or what Philip Steinberg and Kimberley Peters call ‘wet’ and ‘more-than-wet’ ontologies, in disability studies.
Will the Future Be Aquatic? Underwater Cartography, Verticality and Leonardo’s Submarine by Hito Steyerl
Authors: Kolenda Karolina
Published: December 2021

This text explores the uses of water metaphors in the discourse of digital media on the example of Leonardo’s Submarine, a three-channel AI-generated video work by the artist and writer Hito Steyerl, presented at the Venice Biennale in 2019, as well as its subsequent installation in a purposefully built virtual reality underwater gallery in winter 2020/2021. The two venues for staging the work are discussed in the context of Steyerl’s writings on the change of the European geographical imagination from the Renaissance up to the present day and the role played in this change by digital technologies. Steyerl’s ideas about the shift from the horizontal to vertical perspective and the present condition of groundlessness are “submerged” in a watery context of the ocean to test how verticality and groundlessness behave in an underwater environment. Drawing on selected concepts developed in the field of blue humanities, this text seeks to investigate Steyerl’s practice as an artist and new media theorist to show how it employs water metaphors to challenge rather than perpetuate our habitual thinking about the ocean and the media used to represent it.
Fellow Citizens or Aliens? Galician Refugees during the First World War in Hungary
Authors: Ruszała Kamil
Published: December 2021

The outbreak of the First World War (1914–1918) forced the countless civilians to leave their homes and to become war refugees. This topic has remained largely unexplored by the historians. The number of refugees from the multinational Galicia in the years 1914–1918 was large in many parts of the former Austria-Hungary, which finds its reflection in archival materials scattered over various archives and over an extensive territory. This paper presents the issue of the Galician war refugees who found themselves in the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. It also outlines the general problem of emigration as well as describes relations between the refugees and the local people. It was not only due to antagonisms but also due to the administrative decisions of the Hungarian authorities that the Galician refugees remained alien to the locals, despite the fact they all were citizens of the same Habsburg Monarchy.
Polish Contributors to the Modern Turkish State
Authors: Olszowska Karolina Wanda
Published: December 2021

Poles have found a place of refuge in Turkey (the Ottoman Empire) for centuries. For example, there is a village near Istanbul, Polonezköy (former Adampol), which was especially created with the Poles on the search for a second home in mind. When one considers the Polish community in Turkey during and after the Second World War, the contributions made by the Polish engineers to the development and expansion of the Turkish aviation and industry are often forgotten. The assistance that Turkey provided Poles with during the war as a ‘friendly’ neutral country has also been overlooked. Although, there were relatively few Poles living in Turkey during this period, they played a vital role in the development of the country. Nowadays they barely receive a mention. For the most part, their accomplishments have been overlooked. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the shared past and to the period when these two countries came to each other’s assistance once more.
Anatomia deizmu
Authors: Klemczak Stefan
Published: December 2021

An Anatomy of Deism
This article surveys a seemingly straightforward topic: seventeenth- and eighteenth-century deism. It is approached from a historical and philosophical standpoint, chiefly via the analyses of Wayne Hudson. An in-depth study of Hudson’s work indicates that we are dealing with an unexpected diversity of views, as outlined in works such as The English Deists. His remarks concerning various concepts which pass for deist would seem to spoil the fun of those who would seek to create simple visions of history and of a range of analytical philosophers. These investigations into deism also take a broader perspective, showing it as a characteristically modern rendition of non-religious divinity, expressed by the term “the god of philosophers”. The history of the travails of the separation of philosophical concepts of divinity from religious beliefs is important for at least two reasons. For one, it highlights a philosophical tendency to present a structure of reality independent of traditional religious imaginings, and for another it allows us to consider human historically-conditioned expectations and claims through the variety of ways of portraying “the divine”.
Lojalność wobec Boga i cnót rycerskich w Le livre de chevalerie Godfryda de Charny
Authors: Niewiński Łukasz
Published: December 2021

[Loyalty towards God and chivalric virtues in Le livre de chevalerie of Godfryd de Charny]

Godfryd de Charny is the author of the Book of Chivalry (Livre de chevalerie). The direct context of this work creation were multiple French defeats and the advantage of the Englishmen in the Hundred Years’ War, as well as the foundation of the Order of the Knights with the Red Star in 1352 and positive changes that this foundation triggered. The French knight, seeing multiple abuses, noticed the urgent need of the chivalric state reformation. Undoubtedly, his work is one of the most precious sources of knowledge for the medieval thought and customs.

In the present article, based on the abovementioned work of Godfryd de Charny, the chivalric models have been presented. Those models are vocation and service, and they put on the first place honour, courage and bravery. All knights’ actions are subordinated to the superior principle of honourable conduct. A knight should be of noble birth and godly. He can earn the most considerable glory by the armed acts, heroism on the battlefield and loyalty.
Lojalni portugalskim monarchom – militarne oddziały czarnoskórych w kolonialnej Brazylii
Authors: Błoch Agata
Published: December 2021

[Being loyal to the Portuguese monarchs – the black regiments in colonial Brazil]

The present paper discusses the “racial” loyalty and “class” solidarity of black soldiers towards other fugitive black slaves during colonial Brazil. Having sworn loyalty and allegiance to the Portuguese monarchs, those soldiers joined the war against the quilombos located far from major urban centers. This study examines black soldiers’ petitions and official correspondence regarding their military careers. The documents are part of the collection of the Historical Overseas Archive in Lisbon.
Twierdze na straży lojalności. Brytyjskie fortyfikacje na terenie północnej Szkocji w pierwszej połowie XVIII w.
Authors: Trąbski Maciej
Published: December 2021

[Fortresses as a guarantee of loyalty. British fortifications in the area of northern Scotland in the first half of the 18th century]

In the first half of the 18th century, the Scottish Highlands were a “wild and inaccessible” area, and from London’s perspective, they were at least uncertain as far as local inhabitants’ loyalty was concerned. The Highlands were controlled by clans, who cultivated social and economic traditions dating back to the mediaeval times. Despite it being anachronistic, this system made it possible to gather significant forces, not so well armed, but usually strongly motivated. Although some clan leaders quickly backed William of Orange, and what follows the Hanoverian dynasty, state forces were not able to control the whole area of the Highlands. What is more, strategic territories on the western coast and in Great Glen were occupied by pro‑Jacobean clans. Due to that fact, the authorities were forced to introduce military garrisons into the Highlands that were supposed to force all the inhabitants to be loyal to the government. However, soldiers had to stay in safe conditions so that they could defend themselves in case Scottish Jacobites attacked them, especially if the latter were backed by the regular French military forces. That is why the first fortress started to be built already during the uprising of 1689. Finally, up to 1745, 3 fortress and 4 fortified barrack complexes were erected in the area of the Highlands.
Otto Hermann von der Howen. Od kurlandzkiego patrioty do bezwzględnego poplecznika interesów rosyjskich w Księstwie Kurlandii i Semigalii
Authors: Janicki Arkadiusz
Published: December 2021

[Otto Hermann von der Howen. From Courland Patriot to Merciless Henchman of Russian Interests in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]

The article describes the evolution of political activities of Otto Hermann von der Howen (1740–1806). He was one of the most influential politicians in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia in the last decades of the state’s existence. When beginning his political activity he followed values instilled in him by his father and acted in the well‑understood interests of the duchy. He opposed Russian influences in Courland. He was not afraid of taking risks or sacrificing himself for the causes of his homeland and paid for his uncompromising attitude with three years of imprisonment in a Russian citadel. After his release he once more began to participate in the political life of the duchy, yet he discarded the ideals of youth and made politics his source of income. Witnessing the increasing influences of the Russian Empire in Courland he became their greatest advocate and stood at the head of the “Russian party” in the country. He did not follow any moral principles anymore. Not only did he deprive the Duke of Courland of considerable amounts of money, without any scruples, but also denied him his authority in the state. Otto Hermann von der Howen decisively contributed to the unconditional and direct incorporation of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia to the Russian Empire, after 234 years of its existence. He was hated by his contemporaries and considered an anti‑hero by later generations. The article is the first such comprehensive (although certainly non‑exhaustive) a presentation of political activities of Otto Hermann von der Howen in Polish historiography.
Polscy imigranci w Stanach Zjednoczonych wobec konfliktu zbrojnego na Kubie w 1898 r. w świetle prasy polonijnej
Authors: Kiper Daniel
Published: December 2021

[Polish immigrants in the United States and the armed conflict in Cuba in 1898 based on the Polish press in America]

This article focuses on the conduct of the soldiers of Polish descent participating in the military action during the American‑Spanish War. The paper begins with the presentation of views on the war expressed in the Polish press published in America and the Polish lands.
The main part of the work analyses soldiers’ accounts published in the Polish press released in America and compare them with the media’s depiction of the war presented in the pages of the Polish newspapers and magazines in America. Additionally, the article attempts to establish the motives behind Polish volunteers’ decision to join the American army. It was possible to find the answers to several important research questions such as how the participants of those events perceived themselves as those who fought for the interests of the United States, h
Ludność cywilna polskiego Lwowa wobec walk polsko‑ukraińskich w listopadzie 1918 r.
Authors: Rydz Romuald
Published: December 2021

[The civilian population of Polish Lviv in the face of Polish‑Ukrainian fights in November 1918]

The Battle of Lwów in November 1918 is considered one of the most important events of the Polish‑Ukrainian War, which subject was the possession of the Eastern Galicia. In contrast to most of the existing studies devoted to the conflict, the article attempts to scrutinize the attitudes of the Polish population of Lwów towards street fights. Although in such circumstances, the boundary between civilians and soldiers were often smooth, many sources indicate that a significant part of the city’s Polish community were passive. Such behaviors, though should not be identified with the acceptance of the Ukrainian governments in Lwów, contributed to the extension of the fights and made their result uncertain. It seems that, contrary to the common assessment, the Polish reactions were diverse and subject to the influence of many occurrences. In particular, they were shaped by earlier Polish‑Ukrainian relations, the involvement in the independence movement, the fatigue of the experience of the Great War, the intensity of street skirmishes, the actions of the Ukrainian and the Polish military and political management, the material poverty, the plague of crime and the prolonged expectations for a relief. As a result, it can be considered that the Polish success was a work of, diverse in a social origin, the groups of insurgents and the Polish units, which arrived from the Western Galicia, supported only by the part of the civilian inhabitants of Lwów.
„Wbrew przysiędze” – dezercje w Wojsku Polskim w latach 1944–1947
Authors: Jarno Witold
Published: December 2021

[„Against the oath” – desertions in the Polish Army in 1944–1947]

This article discusses the phenomenon of desertions in the Polish Army in the years 1944–1947. At that time it was a serious problem among soldiers, as the number of deserters can be estimated at around 30,000 people during this period. Of course, many factors influenced on the discipline and morale of the army, including political, economic, social or family conditions. The article describes the causes of desertion, its scale and trend of the phenomenon in the discussed period. The text also presents examples of so‑called collective desertions and actions taken by the communist authorities to limit this phenomenon in the army. With time, discipline began to improve and the number of desertions decreased. However, it was a process lasting several years.
Postać Romana Hrobelskiego „Brodycza”, dowódcy oddziału Postać Romana Hrobelskiego „Brodycza”, dowódcy oddziału UPA w latach 1946–1947, w świetle jego zeznań złożonych w Czechosłowacjiw latach 1946–1947, w świetle jego zeznań złożonych w Czechosłowacji
Authors: Halczak Bohdan
Published: December 2021

[The figure of Roman Hrobelski “Brodycz”, commanders of the detachment of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in 1946–1947, in the light of his testimony in Czechoslovakia]

The article describes the activities of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army unit, which was commanded by second lieutenant Roman Hrobelski (nickname “Brodych”). This unit operated in the years 1945–1947 in the Carpathians and was the westernmost fighter unit of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. In 1947, the unit attempted to escape Czechoslovakia to the American occupation zone in Germany. During the march through Czechoslovakia many partisans were captured by the Czechoslovak army. Roman Hrobelski was also caught. Later, it was issued to the Polish authorities, condemned to death and executed.
Lojalność społeczeństwa polskiego a konsolidacja władzy państwowej w latach 1956–1980
Authors: Koprowski Piotr
Published: December 2021

[The loyalty of Polish society and the consolidation of state power in 1956–1980]

The article introduces several comments and reflections on the tensions between the state power and society in People’s Poland in 1956–1980, in the context of the consolidation of power and loyalty of society. During this period, the party and state authorities, wishing to maximally consolidate their power, did everything to achieve the ability and readiness to use all means necessary to control social behavior, to maintain the loyalty of society. It required total ideological unity of the party political elite and iron discipline in the functioning of its institutions. Such a strategy did not prevent social outbreaks. The emerging protests meant above all a real loss of control over society, social disorganization. Wishing to enjoy the loyalty of a society devoid of political alternatives, in other words its tacit consent, it would have to provide it with a certain level of living conditions. However, this task was very difficult, if at all possible, to be implemented in the realities of the centrally planned economy.
„Nam strzelać nie kazano…”? Siły Zbrojne Ukrainy na Krymie w obliczu rosyjskiej operacji hybrydowej w lutym i marcu 2014 r. Przebieg i uwarunkowania kryzysu lojalności
Authors: Skrukwa Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

[„We were not allowed to shoot…”? The Ukrainian Armed Forces in Crimea in the face of the Russian hybrid operation in February and March 2014. The course and conditions of the loyalty crisis]

Russia’s annexation of Crimea was carried out as a result of a hybrid operation, combining elements of external aggression and internal rebellion, which was taking place between February 20 and March 26, 2014. The article examines the course and conditions of loyalty crisis in the units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine stationed when in Crimea. The Ukrainian troops did not put up active military reaction to the aggression, although there were many moving acts of moral and symbolic resistance. After the annexation, 70.01% of the military personnel turned over to the occupant or left the service, and only 29.99% remained faithful to Ukraine. The failure of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Crimea to perform its constitutional duty to defend the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state was primarily due to the fact that most of the personnel were mentally unprepared for a confrontation with Russia. Most of the soldiers were Crimean locals and shared the pro‑Russian political and cultural orientation of the majority of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea’s population. At the time of the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych in 2010–2014, the Ukrainian defence sector was dismantled and exposed to Russian influence. In February and March 2014, Russia used a whole spectrum of pressure measures against Ukrainian officers: from friendly persuasion, through demonstration of technological and organizational superiority of Russian forces, to the bribes and intimidation. The post‑Maidan Ukrainian authorities realized that most of the Ukrainian soldiers in Crimea were demoralized, and the climate in the Navy Command was almost „treacherous”. Most likely because of what was mentioned above, but also considering the general international situation, the order to defend Crimea was not being issued. The Ukrainian soldiers in Crimea were simply to follow by a „hold on” directive.
Funkcjonowanie dominikańskiego folwarku w Uzinie koło Jezupola na przełomie XIX i XX w. w świetle zachowanych dokumentów ze zbiorów Archiwum Polskiej Prowincji Dominikanów
Authors: Cieślik Adrian
Published: December 2021

[The functioning of the Dominican farm in Uzin near Yezupil at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the light of preserved documents from the Archives of the Polish Dominican Province]
One of the conditions for the maintenance of monasteries in the past centuries, especially on the eastern borders of the Republic of Poland, was the possession of land and a well-functioning farm. The income from the farm was used by the monks to maintain the monastery buildings. That was the case of Yezupil (Jezupol), now in Ukraine, where not only the Dominican convent was located but a local farm as well. It was situated a few kilometers from the monastery – in the village of Uzin. This article describes its history and functioning at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Information on the farm in Uzin was compiled on the basis of documents preserved in the Archives of the Polish Dominican Province in Kraków.
Szkoła na krańcu Galicji. Gimnazjum prywatne w Borszczowie 1909–1914
Authors: Stinia Maria
Published: December 2021

[A school on the outskirts of Galicia. The private gimnazjum in Borshchiv 1909–1914]

The secondary school (gimnazjum) in the town of Borshchiv (Borszczów) was established in 1909. An important figure who took part in its creation was Count Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski. Though the school had existed for a short period before the First World War, it utilized interesting educational solutions based on student autonomy, relationship with the parents and combining intellectual and physical effort. In the local community the school gave the incentive to develop regionalism. Due to a large number of auditors taking part in the lessons, and evening courses for girls, elements of co-education were introduced in the provinces. Co-operation with branches of the “Falcon” Polish Gymnastic Society as well as involvement of local medical community made it possible to popularize physical education and provide medical and hygienic supervision to a large group of young people. The pedagogical offer of the school was above all directed to Polish people from the town and its vicinity, which was evident in the changing ethnic and religious structures.
Ksiądz doktor Jan Kwolek i jego zasługi dla archiwistyki kościelnej
Authors: Kapłon Marcin
Published: December 2021

[Reverend Doctor Jan Kwolek and his services to church archival studies]

The paper shows the life of Rev. Jan Kwolek, an outstanding priest from the Przemyśl Diocese and a man of broad intellectual horizons, with regard to his work at the Archdiocesan Archive in Przemyśl. The article consists of three parts showing Reverend Kwolek’s life, an outline of the history of Polish archive resources, finally – the enormous effort the priest had put into proper organizing and functioning of this institution.
Multicultural Galicia in American Popular Memory: Reflections on the Film Three Stories of Galicia
Authors: Wise Andrew Kier
Published: December 2021

This article deals with 21st-century American perceptions of the multicultural history of Galicia, especially during the interwar period, World War II and the Holocaust. The author primarily examines select books, articles and films that target a broad American audience. In particular, the film Three Stories of Galicia (2010) is analyzed, with a focus on the ways in which American audiences helped shape the directors’ creative process. The Galician stories in the film thus became “Americanized” and “universalized” models for efforts at reconciliation in other troubled multicultural societies. The author also concludes that the “myth of Galicia” featuring the peaceful coexistence of peoples resonates especially with readers and viewers who envision a “post-racial America.”

[Wielokulturowa Galicja w amerykańskiej pamięci popularnej: Refleksje nad filmem „Trzy historie Galicji”]
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy amerykańskiego postrzegania wielokulturowej historii Galicji w XXI wieku, zwłaszcza okresu międzywojennego, czasu II wojny światowej i Holokaustu. Autor analizuje przede wszystkim wybrane książki, artykuły i filmy skierowane do szerokiego amerykańskiego odbiorcy. W sposób szczególny analizie został poddany film Trzy historie Galicji (2010), z naciskiem na sposób, w jaki amerykańska publiczność pomogła ukształtować proces twórczy reżyserów. Historie galicyjskie w filmie stały się w ten sposób „zamerykanizowanymi” i „uniwersalizowanymi” modelami wysiłków na rzecz pojednania w innych nękanych konfliktami społeczeństwach wielokulturowych. Autor konkluduje również, że „mit Galicji” o pokojowym współistnieniu narodów trafia zwłaszcza do czytelników i widzów, którzy pragnęliby Ameryki „postrasowej”.
„Quo vadis?” Dwa kazania Sebastiana Piskorskiego z okazji święceń kapłańskich, obłóczyn i profesji zakonnej potomków Franciszka Szembeka – struktura i problematyka
Authors: Kuran Michał
Published: December 2021

[“Quo vadis?” Two sermons by Rev. Sebastian Piskorski on the occasion of ordination, vesture and taking vows of Franciszek Szembek’s children – the structure and main issues]
This study is devoted to two sermons by Rev. Sebastian Piskorski delivered during the ceremonies of the first mass of Michał Szembek and taking the veil and religious vows by Teresa Franciszka Szembekówna, Nun of the Visitation – both children of Franciszek Szembek. The paper analyzes the roles of particular elements of the sermons in creating a persuasive message whose aim is to accompany the young in their rites of passage. The preacher shows them what the way they have chosen will look like. He makes them realize the significance of the mission they undertake as well as possible difficulties; he introduces them into the special nature of the clergy, showing them what they give up and what they let themselves in for. Those deliberations, referring to the motifs of mystical meal and mystical way, are supposed to assist them in making a free and conscious decision. What is remarkable is the exceptional skill of the preacher, who has based his discussion on Gospel pericopes devoted to certain days of the liturgical calendar. The invention base for the sermons is the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers. What is also important is estate-related factors: the significance and consequences of the vows taken and the mission Michał and Teresa Franciszka are to undertake once they become part of the clergy. Time showed that it was particularly Teresa Szembekówna that fulfilled her task, as a promoter of the worship of the Heart of Jesus in Poland; her zeal contributed to Pope Clement XIII sanctioning the worship.
Sędzia ziemski przemyski Walenty Orzechowski – zapomniany bohater sejmu lubelskiego 1569 roku
Authors: Gałuszka Justyna
Published: December 2021

[The land court judge from Przemyśl, Walenty Orzechowski – a forgotten hero of the Sejm in Lublin of 1569]
The article remembers a judge from Przemyśl, Walenty Orzechowski (ca. 1527–1588), a highly regarded representative of the nobility of the Ruthenian Province at general assemblies. He repeatedly acted on behalf of the nobility, as exponent of their interests. Yet he remained in the shadow of his better known and controversial cousin Stanisław (1513–1566), a historian, author of political writings, orator and opponent of celibacy.