bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Nano‐γ‐Al2O3: A New, Efficient, and Reusable Catalyst for Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐2H‐1,4‐Benzothiazines
Authors: Li Wei Lin , Tian Shuan Bao , Zhu Feng
Published: July 2013

A simple and efficient synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐substituted‐2H‐1,4‐benzothiazines by using a novel sulfonic acid functionalized nano‐γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, devoid of corrosive acidic, and basic reagents. The developed method has the advantages of good to excellent yields, short reaction times, operational simplicity, and a recyclable catalyst. The catalyst can be prepared by a simple procedure from inexpensive and readily available nano‐γ‐Al2O3 and has been shown to be recoverable and reusable up to six cycles without any loss of activity.
High-Throughput Peptide Epitope Mapping Using Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Stefansson Steingrimur , Knight Martha , Kwon Hena H. , Stefansson Lára A. , Ahn Saeyoung Nate
Published: July 2013

Label-free and real-time detection technologies can dramatically reduce the time and cost of pharmaceutical testing and development. However, to reach their full promise, these technologies need to be adaptable to high-throughput automation. To demonstrate the potential of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWCNT-FETs) for high-throughput peptide-based assays, we have designed circuits arranged in an 8 × 12 (96-well) format that are accessible to standard multichannel pipettors. We performed epitope mapping of two HIV-1 gp160 antibodies using an overlapping gp160 15-mer peptide library coated onto nonfunctionalized SWCNTs. The 15-mer peptides did not require a linker to adhere to the non-functionalized SWCNTs, and binding data was obtained in real time for all 96 circuits. Despite some sequence differences in the HIV strains used to generate these antibodies and the overlapping peptide library, respectively, our results using these antibodies are in good agreement with known data, indicating that peptides immobilized onto SWCNT are accessible and that linear epitope mapping can be performed in minutes using SWCNT-FET.
Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Pure and Metal‐Doped Titania Nanoparticles Coated on Glass Beads: Adsorption and Column Studies
Authors: Danish M. Ihsan , Qazi Ishtiaq A. , Zeb Akif , Habib Amir , Awan M. Ali , Khan Zahiruddin
Published: July 2013

Nanosized metal oxide, Titania, provides high surface area and specific affinity for the adsorption of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), which is posing a great threat to the world population due to its carcinogenic nature. In this study, As(III) adsorption was studied on pure and metal‐ (Ag‐ and Fe‐) doped Titania nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid impregnation method with some modifications, with crystallite size in the range of 30 to 40 nm. Band gap analysis, using Kubelka‐Munk function showed a shift of absorption band from UV to visible region for the metal‐doped Titania. Effect of operational parameters like dose of nanoparticles, initial As(III) concentration, and pH was evaluated at 25°C. The data obtained gave a good fit with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the adsorption was found to conform to pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. In batch studies, over 90% of arsenic removal was observed for both types of metal‐doped Titania nanoparticles from a solution containing up to 2 ppm of the heavy metal. Fixed bed columns of nanoparticles, coated on glass beads, were used for As(III) removal under different operating conditions. Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curves and to find the characteristic column parameters useful for process design. The columns were regenerated using 10% NaOH solution.
LPS-Induced Inflammation Potentiates the IL-1-Mediated Reduction of LH Secretion from the Anterior Pituitary Explants
Authors: Herman Andrzej Przemysław , Krawczyńska Agata , Bochenek Joanna , Dobek Elżbieta , Herman Anna , Tomaszewska-Zaremba Dorota
Published: July 2013

Acting at the level of the brain, interleukin- (IL-)1βis considered to be one of the most potent downregulators of reproduction processes during immune/inflammatory challenge. IL-1βsuppresses gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus resulting in the inhibition of the luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the anterior pituitary (AP). However, the presence of IL-1βreceptors in the AP suggests the possible direct action of this cytokine on LH secretion. The study was designed to determine the effect of IL-1βon the LH secretion from the AP explants collected from saline and LPS-treated ewes in the follicular phase. It was found that IL-1βsuppressed () GnRH-stimulated LH release and LHβgene expression in AP explants in both groups. However, IL-1βaction was more potent in the explants collected from LPS-treated animals. Pituitaries from LPS-treated animals were characterized by increased () IL-1 type I receptor and decreased () GnRH receptor gene expression level compared to the saline-treated group. IL-1βalso affected the GnRH-R gene expression in explants collected from LPS-treated animals. Our results show that direct action of IL-1βon the pituitary gonadotropes could be one of the reasons of the reproductive processes disorders accompanying an inflammatory state.
Sliding Mode Control Design for a Class of SISO Systems with Uncertain Sliding Surface
Authors: Wang Guofeng , Zheng Kai , Wang Xingcheng , Yu Shuanghe
Published: July 2013

The problem of designing a sliding mode controller with uncertain sliding surface for a class of uncertain single-input-single-output systems is studied. The design case is handled by using the invariant transformation first in order to separate the sliding mode and the reaching mode of the sliding mode control system. It is shown that the sliding mode design needs not to consider the uncertainties of the sliding surface, which can be handled in the reaching phase design. The results generalize the robust design of the reaching phase such that one specific reaching phase design may agree with several sliding surfaces.
Finite-Time Second-Order Sliding Mode Controllers for Spacecraft Attitude Tracking
Authors: Pukdeboon Chutiphon
Published: July 2013

The attitude tracking control problem of a spacecraft nonlinear system with external disturbances and inertia uncertainties is studied. Two robust attitude tracking controllers based on finite-time second-order sliding mode control schemes are proposed to solve this problem. For the first controller, smooth super twisting control is applied to quaternion-based spacecraft-attitude-tracking maneuvers. The second controller is developed by adding linear correction terms to the first super twisting control algorithm in order to improve the dynamic performance of the closed-loop system. Both controllers are continuous and, therefore, chattering free. The concepts of a strong Lyapunov function are employed to ensure a finite-time convergence property of the proposed controllers. Theoretical analysis shows that the resulting control laws have strong robustness and disturbance attenuation ability. Numerical simulations are also given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.
Performance of the Biocompatible Surfactant Tween 80, for the Formation of Microemulsions Suitable for New Pharmaceutical Processing
Authors: Prieto Cristina , Calvo Lourdes
Published: July 2013

The aim of this work was to investigate the phase behaviour and the structure of the n-hexane/water emulsions based on a nonionic, nontoxic and biocompatible surfactant, Tween 80. This system is of interest for new pharmaceutical techniques based on supercritical fluids to form nano- and encapsulated particles. However, it showed a lack of stability denoted by large areas of macroemulsion. For this reason, the effect of additives (alcohols and brine) and external variables (temperature) were explored. The replacement of water by brine caused negligible impact due to the nonionic character of Tween 80. On the contrary, the presence of an alcohol (ethanol or 1-butanol) enhanced the solubility of the surfactant in the oil phase and decreased the mixture viscosity, resulting in improved surface activity. Similar results were obtained by raising the temperature until the cloud point was reached (60°C). With these modifications, microemulsions at relatively low concentrations of surfactant (around 30%) and within a broad interval of compositions could be obtained, widening their possible use in pharmaceuticals manufacturing (such as controlled drug delivery, enzymatic reactions, or excipient processing). The understanding of the surfactant performance could be further used to substitute the n-hexane by a greener solvent, such as supercritical CO2.
Atherosclerosis Induced byChlamydophila pneumoniae: A Controversial Theory
Authors: Honarmand Hamidreza
Published: July 2013

More than a century ago, inflammation and infection were considered to have atherogenic effects. The old idea that coronary heart disease (CHD) possibly has an infectious etiology has only reemerged in recent years. Atherosclerosis is the main pathological process involved in CHD and is, logically, the first place to look for infectious etiology. The process of atherosclerosis itself provides the first hints of potential infectious cause. Smooth muscle proliferation, with subsequent intimal thickening, luminal narrowing, and endothelial degeneration, constitutes the natural history of atherosclerosis, being with the severity and speed of these changes. Both viral and bacterial pathogens have been proposed to be associated with the inflammatory changes found in atherosclerosis. Recently,Chlamydophila pneumoniae(C. pneumoniae) has been implicated as a possible etiologic agent of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. New evidence which supports a role forC. pneumoniaein the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has emerged.C. pneumoniaehas been detected in atherosclerotic arteries by several techniques, and the organism has been isolated from both coronary and carotid atheromas. Recent animal models have suggested thatC. pneumoniaeis capable of inducing atherosclerosis in both rabbit and mouse models of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, human clinical treatment studies which examined the use of antichlamydial macrolide antibiotics in patients with coronary atherosclerosis have been carried out. The causal relationship has not yet been proven, but ongoing large intervention trials and research on pathogenetic mechanisms may lead to the use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of CHD in the future.
Investigating Apoptotic Effects of Methanolic Extract ofDorema glabrumSeed on WEHI-164 Cells
Authors: Bannazadeh Amirkhiz Maryam , Rashtchizadeh Nadereh , Nazemiyeh Hossein , Abdolalizadeh Jalal , Mohammadnejad Leila , Baradaran Behzad
Published: July 2013

We aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of the methanolic extract ofDorema glabrumseed on WEHI-164, cancerous cells in comparison with L929, normal cells and compared them with the cytotoxic effects of Taxol. So, MTT test and DNA fragmentation assay were performed on cultured and treated cells. Also electrophoresis which was followed by immunoblotting was done to survey the production of Caspase-3 and Bcl2proteins, and to inquire into their relative genes expression, RT-PCR was used. According to our findings, the methanolic extract ofDorema glabrumseed can alter cells morphology as they shrink and take a spherical shape and lose their attachment too. So, the plant extract inhibits cell growth albeit in a time- and dose-dependent manner and results in degradation of chromosomal DNA. Induction of apoptosis by the plant extract was proved by the reduction of pro-Caspase-3 and Bcl2proteins and increase in Caspase-3 gene expression and decrease in that of bcl2too. Our data well established the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract ofDorema glabrumseed and clearly showed that the plant extract can induce apoptosis and not necrosis in vitro. These results demonstrated thatDorema glabrumseed might be a novel and attractive therapeutic candidate for tumor treatment.
Sexual Function in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence Treated with the SPARC Sling System
Authors: Mohamad Al-Ali Badereddin , Shamloul Rany , Hutterer Georg C. , Puchwein Erika , Pummer Karl , Avian Alexander , Primus Günter
Published: July 2013

Aim. To evaluate the impact of SPARC on female sexual function.Methods. 151 women with a mean age of60±11.90and SUI had a complete urodynamic investigation and underwent SPARC operation. 98 women completed the validated female sexual function index questionnaire (FSFI) at baseline and 94 women at follow-up. A minimum follow-up of 12 months was required for study inclusion.Results. 52/98 women were sexually active at baseline. Postoperatively only 33 patients were sexually active. The FSFI score of all 33 pre- and postoperative sexually active women increased from25.3±5.7at baseline to27.4±4.8at follow-up (P=0.1). Scores of women with reduced sexual function at baseline increased significantly in the domains desire, arousal, and lubrication as well as orgasm and satisfaction and total FSFI-score (P=0.002) postoperatively.Conclusions. Our results suggest that the SPARC-sling procedure for SUI did not negatively interfere with female sexual function.
Influence of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Therapy on Bone Density and Geometry in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients
Authors: Werkstetter Katharina Julia , Schatz Stephanie Barbara , Alberer Martin , Filipiak-Pittroff Birgit , Koletzko Sibylle
Published: July 2013

Background and Aims: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) induces remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the short-term impact of EEN on bone quality and muscle mass in children with CD. Methods: Ten newly diagnosed CD patients (7 male, 10.6-17.7 years of age) were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the forearm before starting an 8-weeks treatment with EEN, and after 12 and 52 weeks. No steroids or biologicals were applied. Trabecular and cortical bone mineral density, total bone, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured by pQCT and expressed as age- and sex-specific z-scores; size-dependent CSAs were corrected for low height for age. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied. Results: Remission at week 12 was achieved in 8 patients; 2 still had mild disease. Initially low trabecular density z-scores improved (+0.3; p = 0.006) at week 12; simultaneously, the increased cortical density z-scores normalized (-0.4; p = 0.027). The low z-score for muscle CSA corrected for height (median -2.5, range -3.49 to -0.97) increased within 12 weeks (+1.0; p = 0.002) with no further improvement thereafter. Conclusions: The results indicate disturbed bone remodeling and severely impaired muscle mass in newly diagnosed CD children. Bone metabolism and muscle mass improved within 3 months after starting EEN with no further normalization thereafter.
Angiotensin II–Converting Enzyme Inhibition Improves Survival, Ventricular Remodeling, and Myocardial Energetics in Experimental Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Arsenault Marie , Zendaoui Adnane , Roussel Élise , Drolet Marie-Claude , Dhahri Wahiba , Grenier Audrey , Gascon Suzanne , Sarrhini Otman , Rousseau Jacques A. , Lecomte Roger , Couet Jacques
Published: July 2013

Background—

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) is a volume-overload disease causing severe eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. There is currently no approved drug to treat patients with AR. Many vasodilators including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials, but although some results were promising, others were inconclusive. Overall, no drug has yet been able to improve clinical outcome in AR and the controversy remains. We have previously shown in an animal model that captopril (Cpt) reduced LV hypertrophy and protected LV systolic function, but we had not evaluated the clinical outcome. This protocol was designed to evaluate the effects of a long-term Cpt treatment on survival in the same animal model of severe aortic valve regurgitation.

Methods and Results—

Forty Wistar rats with AR were treated or untreated with Cpt (1 g/L in drinking water) for a period of 7 months to evaluate survival, myocardial remodeling, and function by echocardiography as well as myocardial metabolism by µ positron emission tomography scan. Survival was significantly improved in Cpt-treated animals with a survival benefit visible as soon as after 4 months of treatment. Cpt reduced LV dilatation and LV hypertrophy. It also significantly improved the myocardial metabolic profile by restoring the level of fatty acids metabolic enzymes and use.

Conclusions—

In a controlled animal model of pure severe aortic valve regurgitation, Cpt treatment reduced LV remodeling and LV hypertrophy and improved myocardial metabolic profile and survival. These results support the need to reevaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in humans with AR in a large, carefully designed prospective clinical trial.
Overlap of Diseases Underlying Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sirimarco Gaia , Lavallée Philippa C. , Labreuche Julien , Meseguer Elena , Cabrejo Lucie , Guidoux Céline , Klein Isabelle F. , Olivot Jean-Marc , Abboud Halim , Adraï Valérie , Kusmierek Jérôme , Ratani Samina , Touboul Pierre-Jean , Mazighi Mikael , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Amarenco Pierre
Published: July 2013

Background and Purpose—

ASCOD phenotyping (A, atherosclerosis; S, small vessel disease; C, cardiac pathology; O, other causes; and D, dissection) assigns a degree of likelihood to every potential cause (1 for potentially causal, 2 for causality is uncertain, 3 for unlikely causal but disease is present, 0 for absence of disease, and 9 for insufficient workup to rule out the disease) commonly encountered in ischemic stroke. We used ASCOD to investigate the overlap of underlying vascular diseases and their prognostic implication.

Methods—

A single rater applied ASCOD in 405 patients enrolled in the Asymptomatic Myocardial Ischemia in Stroke and Atherosclerotic Disease study.

Results—

A was present in 90% of patients (A1=43% and A2=15%), C in 52% (C1=23% and C2=14%), and S in 66% (S1=11% and S2=2%). On the basis of grades 1 and 2, 25% of patients had multiple underlying diseases, and 80% when all 3 grades were considered. The main overlap was found between A and C; among C1 patients, A was present in 92% of cases (A1=28%, A2=20%, and A3=44%). Conversely, among A1 patients, C was present in 47% of cases (C1=15%, C2=15%, and C3=17%). Grades for C were associated with gradual increase in the 3-year risk of vascular events, whereas risks were similar across A grades, meaning that the mere presence of atherosclerotic disease qualifies for high risk, regardless the degree of likelihood for A.

Conclusions—

ASCOD phenotyping shows that the large overlap among the 3 main diseases, and the high prevalence of any form of atherosclerotic disease, reinforces the need to systematically control atherosclerotic risk factors in all ischemic strokes.
Places for Self-Selling in Ulpian, Plautus and Horace: The Role of Vertumnus
Authors: Silver Morris
Published: July 2013

Ulpian refers to “places” frequented by those who “declare themselves for sale.” Plautus places persons who “sell themselves” in Rome’s Tuscan Quarter and arguably links this activity with the statue of Vertumnus. This article argues that Vertumnus presided over a place where individuals sold themselves into slavery and/or, less likely, sponsored a kind of labor-exchange.
Increased group size promotes task specialization in a normally solitary halictine bee
Authors: Holbrook C. Tate , Kukuk Penelope F. , Fewell Jennifer H.
Published: July 2013

Division of labour is a fundamental property of animal groups; how it is generated and evolves is, therefore, of central importance to sociobiology. Self-organizational models suggest (1) that division of labour can emerge spontaneously at the origin of group living and (2) that increased group size further promotes task specialization. We examined the emergence and scaling of division of labour in an evolutionarily incipient social system: forced associations of the normally solitary halictine bee Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) NDA-1. A division of labour between nest excavation and guarding arose in pairs and in groups of four bees, with individuals in larger groups exhibiting higher degrees of task specialization. Task differentiation may be facilitated by intrinsic behavioral variability and/or spatial organization. Our results support the hypotheses that division of labour can self-organize at early stages of social evolution and that greater individual specialization is an emergent consequence of increased group size.
Differential allocation in relation to mate song quality in the Bengalese finch
Authors: Soma M. , Okanoya K.
Published: July 2013

Postmating sexual selection plays an important part in the evolution of secondary sexual characters. Based on differential allocation theory that predicts biased reproductive investment of females depending on the attractiveness of mates, a number of previous studies have shown that egg production is related in various ways to ornamental sexual traits of males, but evidence for behavioural sexual traits is less abundant. In this study we examine such maternal effects in relation to birdsong. Because the Bengalese finch is a monomorphic songbird, courtship song serves a key role in mate choice. To take into account individual female differences in egg production performance, we sequentially paired naïve, captive, female Bengalese finches to two different males, and investigated if their reproductive investment (clutch size, egg mass and hatchling sex ratio) was related to the song traits of their mates. We found that clutch size and egg mass were highly repeatable within individual females while sex ratio was not. Despite the inflexibility of egg mass within each female, egg mass increased when females were mated to males with longer songs. In addition, we found a non-significant weak tendency toward male-biased sex ratio in relation to longer song duration of mates. Our findings suggest that females mated to better mates adjusted their reproductive investment by producing heavier eggs and possibly offspring of the more costly sex.
Sex- and state-dependent attraction of round gobies, Neogobius melanostomus, to conspecific calls
Authors: Isabella-Valenzi Lisa , Higgs Dennis M.
Published: July 2013

Acoustic communication is of fundamental importance in many fish species but it is often unclear what information is present in different calls and how responsiveness varies with reproductive state and the sex of the receiver. The current study investigates reproductive flexibility in acoustic responsiveness through differential attraction between reproductive morphs of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) to conspecific calls. Parental male (PM) round gobies emit calls and females respond to these calls with high specificity. We used playback experiments to determine the response of gobies to recordings of two conspecific calls, a grunt and a drum. For the grunt, reproductive females (RF) displayed a significantly higher response for first approach than non-reproductive males (NRM), but RFs never responded to the drum call. Upon examining within-morph responses for time spent at a playing speaker, RFs were found to spend the longest time at the grunt call compared to other sound types. In contrast to the female responses, NRMs and sneaker males (SM) displayed a strong preference to the drum call. Overall these results support that the grunt could be for mate attraction while NRMs and SMs may be eavesdropping on the drum call. By determining the relationship between reproductive state and responses to conspecific calls, we show that reproductive state is a critical factor in understanding behavioural responses in fish.
Nest intrusions in relation to breeding status in the spotless starling
Authors: Veiga José P. , Polo Vicente , Arenas Marta , Sánchez Sara
Published: July 2013

Nest intruders are common in many avian species. In the spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor), a passerine closely related to the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), it has been recently shown that visits to alien nests were in most cases related to get familiarity and personal information about prospected nest boxes and that collecting public information seems also to be involved in the intruding behaviour. In the present study we investigate whether nest intrusions are related to breeding status in both males and females. Individuals that had bred previously in the colony were detected as frequently as those without previous breeding experience intruding nests and the proportion of intruders that were owners and those that had not a nesting site during the current year was balanced. Males that were actively breeding and those that were not breeding intruded with similar frequencies in alien nests, while most females were not actively breeding when they were observed intruding a nest box. The nests more frequented by male intruders were those showing the highest female nestling feeding rates, but the frequency of female intrusions was not similarly affected by female owner feeding rates. The results suggest that some of the intrusions by males are related to nest acquisition although in general males seem to intrude to obtain other breeding resources, presumably extra-pair matings. Female intruders with a nesting territory but not currently breeding could be sampling alternative nesting sites while female floaters that intruded nests could be searching for nesting sites or attempting to lay parasitic eggs. Birds behaving as intruders at some moment of their stay in the breeding colony raised more fledglings that birds never observed performing this behaviour.
Dominance and geographic information contained within black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) song
Authors: Hahn Allison H. , Guillette Lauren M. , Hoeschele Marisa , Mennill Daniel J. , Otter Ken A. , Grava Thibault , Ratcliffe Laurene M. , Sturdy Christopher B.
Published: July 2013

In songbirds, male song is an acoustic signal used to attract mates and defend territories. Typically, song is an acoustically complex signal; however, the fee-bee song of the black-capped chickadee is relatively simple. Despite this relative simplicity, two previous studies (Christie et al., 2004b; Hoeschele et al., 2010) found acoustic features within the fee-bee song that contain information regarding an individual’s dominance rank; however each of these studies reported a different dominance-related acoustic cue. Specifically, the relative amplitude of the two notes differed between the songs of dominant and subordinate males from northern British Columbia, while the interval pitch ratio differed between the songs of dominant and subordinate males from eastern Ontario. In the current study, we examined six acoustic features within songs from both of the chickadee populations (northern British Columbia and eastern Ontario) examined in these previous studies and used bioacoustic analyses and discriminant function analyses to determine whether there is a consistent dominance-related acoustic cue across both, or in each of these populations. Consistent with the previous findings, the current results indicate that relative amplitude differs based on dominance status in the songs from British Columbia; however, our results failed to reach significance with songs from Ontario. These results suggest that acoustic cues that signal a male’s dominance in this species vary with geographic location. Furthermore, examining songs from these two locations and one additional location in northern British Columbia, we found that discriminant function analyses could correctly classify songs based on geographic location. Considering the broad extent of the species’ range, black-capped chickadee song is considered relatively invariant; however, our results suggest that there is geographic variation in songs, although the differences are subtle compared to geographic song variation in other species.
From Perception to Paint: the Practical Use of the Camera Obscura in the Time of Vermeer
Authors: Jelley Jane
Published: July 2013

This is a report of a studio experiment to explore how images from the camera obscura could have been used directly by artists of Vermeer’s era. It has a pragmatic and practical approach, bringing a painter’s eye and experience to the problems of transferring images from the lens to a canvas, using the primitive technology and unrefined materials available then. It addresses how an artist could use the condensed, flattened images from camera obscura projections in his painting process, when the subject could appear reversed and inverted on the screen or on the wall. It considers how the limitations of the materials that make transfers possible might affect studio practice, and ultimately the stylistic qualities of the work produced.

This paper outlines a simple printing method that would enable the seventeenth-century painter to transfer monochrome images, corrected in orientation, from the lens to a canvas with relative ease, for use as the painting progressed in the stages prescribed at the time. Prints made on the ground layer could form the basis of underpainting, while those on top layers could transfer highlights and optical effects, not seen with the naked eye. This technique would allow the painter to be in the light of his studio, facing his motif, when working in colour. Reference is made to art historical literature and contemporary workshop treatises, and all materials used are authentic. The results obtained using this process are consistent with the visual evidence of the way in which Vermeer applied his paint, and with recent scientific examination of his work. The findings suggest possible causes for some of the unusual qualities of Vermeer’s work, in particular the strong tonal polarity in the underpainting with no evidence of drawing, his choice of material in the ground layers, and the qualities of variable focus.
Assemblage and Icon in Perception and Art
Authors: Koenderink Jan , van Doorn Andrea
Published: July 2013

In The Problem of Form (1893), the German sculptor Adolf Hildebrand distinguishes categorically between perception obtained from multiple fixations or vantage points (G.: Bewegungsvorstellungen; we call these ‘assemblages’), and from purely ‘iconic’ imagery (G.: Fernbilder). Only the latter he considers properly ‘artistic’. Hildebrand finds the reason for this ontological distinction in the microgenesis of visual awareness. What to make of this? We analyze the various ‘modes of seeing’ in some detail. The conceptual issues involved are fundamental, and relevant to both vision science and the visual arts.
Garcinia pushpangadaniana (Clusiaceae), a new species from the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: SABU THYGARAJAN , MOHANAN NARAYANAN NAIR , KRISHNARAJ MOOTHEDATHU VENUGOPALAN NAIR , SHAREEF SAINUDEEN MUHAMMED , SHAMEER PEERUMUHAMMED SUBAIDA , ROY PONNUS EZABELRAJAM
Published: July 2013

Garcinia pushpangadaniana, a new species of Garcinia from the southern part of the Western Ghats, India, is described, discussed and illustrated. This species is allied to Garcinia xanthochyma.
A new species of Poecilanthe (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Brongniartieae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: MEIRELES JOSE EDUARDO , DE LIMA HAROLDO CAVALCANTE
Published: July 2013

A new legume species from Southeastern Brazil, Poecilanthe fluminensis, is described and illustrated. It is readily distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by a combination of exclusively unifoliolate leaves with very short petioles (5–9 mm long), red calyx, and strongly dimorphic anthers (short anthers less than ¾ of the length of the longer ones). The new species, P. fluminensis, appears to be endemic to Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil.
Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: BRCKO ISABELA CARVALHO , HOOGMOED MARINUS STEVEN , NECKEL-OLIVEIRA SELVINO
Published: July 2013

For nearly 40 years Bolitoglossa paraensis has been synonymized with Bolitoglossa altamazonica. This fact has been mainly related to taxonomic ambiguities arising from the morphological similarities between these species and the scarcity of material deposited in collections. However, during the past 30 years new material of Bolitoglossa has been collected in many places throughout the Brazilian Amazonia, including the type locality of B. paraensis, Santa Isabel do Pará. In this article we designate the neotype of B. paraensis based on new material from the type locality, correct misinterpretations about this name. We determined how many species of the genus Bolitoglossa occur in Brazilian Amazonia, described three new species, B. caldwellae sp. nov., B. madeira sp. nov., and B. tapajonica sp. nov., provide a key for identifying Brazil-ian salamanders. Were analyzed two hundred and seventy eight specimens of Bolitoglossa from the Brazilian states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia; morphological data of B. altamazonica from Colombia were used for com-parison purposes. We confirm the presence of B. altamazonica in extreme western Brazil, and expand the number of spe-cies occurring in Brazilian Amazonia to five.
A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phu Yen Province, southern Vietnam
Authors: ZIEGLER THOMAS , PHUNG TRUNG MY , LE MINH DUC , Nguyen Truong QUang
Published: July 2013

We describe a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus based on five adult specimens from Dai Lanh Cape, Tuy Hoa District, Phu Yen Province, southern Vietnam. Cyrtodactylus kingsadai sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining Indochinese bent-toed geckos by a combination of the following characters: maximum SVL of 94 mm; dorsal pattern consisting of a dark nuchal loop, continuous or partly interrupted neck band and four in part irregular transverse body bands between limbs; internasal single; dorsal tubercles in 17–23 irregular transverse rows; ventrals in 39–46 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds present, without interspersed tubercles; precloacal pores 7–9 plus in total 3–7 femoral pores in males (1-4 femoral pores on each side) with precloacal and femoral pore series separated from each other by 7–9 poreless scales; enlarged femoral scales and precloacal scales present; postcloacal spurs three; subcaudal scales transversely enlarged. This is the 29th species of Cyrtodactylus known from Vietnam.
Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of treefrog of the Dendropsophus leucophyllatus group (Anura: Hylidae) from the Amazon basin of Colombia and with an exceptional color pattern
Authors: RIVERA-CORREA MAURICIO , ORRICO VICTOR G. D.
Published: July 2013

We describe Dendropsophus manonegra sp. nov. from the upper Amazon basin in the eastern foothills of the Andes in Colombia (1° 47' 42.2'' N, 75° 38' 48.7'' W; 1040 m a.s.l.). Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of 2582 aligned base pairs of the 12S and 16S rRNA genes recovered the new species as a member of the D. leucophyllatus species group and sister to D. bifurcus. Morphological traits, such as the presence of pectoral glands in males and females, support this hypothesis. The new species is readily distinguished from all other members of the species group by having bluish-black coloration on fingers, toes, webbing, axillary membranes, groin and hidden surfaces of arms and legs. Some aspects on the composition and systematics of the D. leucophyllatus group are discussed.
Two new species of Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from the Mediterranean region, with key to species groups
Authors: MORGULIS E. , FREIDBERG A. , KAMENEVA E. P.
Published: July 2013

Herina dimorphica n. sp. (type locality Israel) and H. sicula n. sp. (type locality Sicily, Italy) are described and illustrated, and a new species group (the Herina dimorphica species group) is established for both species. H. dimorphica is characterized by a sexually-dimorphic wing pattern and venation. H. sicula is similar albeit not sexually-dimorphic. Almost all known Herina species are assigned to one of nine species groups, which are keyed.
Rediscovery of Biswamoyopterus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae: Pteromyini) in Asia, with the description of a new species from Lao PDR
Authors: SANAMXAY DAOSAVANH , DOUANGBOUBPHA BOUNSAVANE , BUMRUNGSRI SARA , XAYAVONG SYSOUPHANH , XAYAPHET VILAKHAN , SATASOOK CHUTAMAS , BATES PAUL J.J.
Published: July 2013

A new species of the flying squirrel genus Biswamoyopterus is described from Lao PDR. It is based on a single specimen collected from a local food market at Ban Thongnami, Pak Kading District, Bolikhamxai Province. The new taxon shows close affinities to Biswamoyopterus biswasi, which is only known from the holotype collected in 1981, 1250 km from the current locality, in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. However, it differs substantially in pelage colour, most particularly on the ventral surfaces of the body, patagia, tail membrane, and tail. The single specimen was found in an area of central Lao PDR, which is characterised by its extensive limestone karst formations and which is home to other rare endemic rodents, including the Kha-nyou (Laonastes aenigmamus) and the Lao limestone rat (Saxatilomys paulinae).
Discovery of a new blind ground beetle in western French Pyrenees, and its relevance to the phylogeny of Pyrenean hypogean Trechini
Authors: FAILLE ARNAUD , FRESNEDA JAVIER , BOURDEAU CHARLES
Published: July 2013

Geotrechus sarpedon sp. n., a new species of blind Trechini is described from Arbailles Massif, western Pyrenees, France. The generic attribution of the new species was challenging as it shares morphological features of both genera Geotrechus Jeannel, 1919 and Aphaenops subgenus Hydraphaenops Jeannel, 1926, confirming their polyphyly, which has been highlighted by previous molecular studies on the group. Molecular data suggests unambiguously strong affinities between the new species and the clade Aphaenops vasconicus Jeannel, 1913-A. galani Español, 1968 occurring in the same geographic area, and not related with Aphaenops ehlersi (Abeille de Perrin, 1872), type species of the subgenus Hydraphaenops. The species is included in the paraphyletic genus Geotrechus until its affinities with the other species of Geotrechus and A. (Hydraphaenops) are clarified.
First cave records for Palearctic burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Tajikistan, with a checklist of the World Cydnidae associated with caves
Authors: KŁYS GRZEGORZ , LIS JERZY A.
Published: July 2013

Species of the family Cydnidae (known as the “burrower bugs”) live usually on or in the ground; sometimes they even burrow deep into the soil (e.g., Froeschner 1960; Schaefer 2003; Linnavuori 1993; Lis 1994, Lis et al. 2000). However, data on burrower bugs associated with caves and their environment are very rare; only ten species of three Cydnidae subfamilies were hitherto recorded from this type of habitat (see the checklist at the end of this paper).
The tadpole of Scinax strigilatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: CAMURUGI FELIPE , MERCÊS EDNEI DE ALMEIDA , NUNES IVAN , JUNCÁ FLORA ACUÑA
Published: July 2013

Scinax strigilatus belongs to the Scinax catharinae species group (sensu Faivovich et al. 2005). It is one of three species [including S. agilis (Cruz & Peixoto) and S. argyreornatus (Miranda-Ribeiro)] of this species group occurring in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Bahia in Brazil (Peixoto & Pimenta 2004; Pimenta et al. 2007; Pimenta & Carvalho-e-Silva 2010). Moreover, the only tadpoles in these three species that have been described are those of S. argyreornatus (Carvalho-e-Silva & Carvalho-e-Silva 1998). We describe herein the tadpole of S. strigilatus.
The spiders of the genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from China (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)
Authors: WAN JIN-LONG , PENG XIAN-JIN
Published: July 2013

Seven new species of spiders of the genus Wolongia, all from China, are described. This genus previously included only three species, also only known from China. The new species are: Wolongia bicruris n. sp., Wolongia bimacroseta n. sp., Wolongia erromera n. sp., Wolongia foliacea n. sp., Wolongia mutica n. sp., Wolongia renaria n. sp., and Wolongia tetramacroseta n. sp. Descriptions of the seven new species and diagnoses for all ten species in the genus are given. In addition, we provide distributional data and an identification key to the species.
Time Made Strange: Preaching In Ordinary Time
Authors: Willimon William H.
Published: July 2013

The Sundays in Ordinary Time represent a challenge for the biblical preacher. Powerful forces at work delude God’s people into thinking that we ought to be at home in the world’s time. Yet, by the grace of God, we are given the time to enjoy proclaiming the truth of God with us in our time. Faithful preaching in Ordinary Time maintains the eschatological sense that our time has been permanently disrupted and commandeered by the risen Christ. In the Sundays of Ordinary Time, biblical preachers are privileged to proclaim that surprising, wondrous intrusions by a living God have become the new “ordinary.”
Everyday Spirituality for Ordinary Time
Authors: Hinson E. Glenn
Published: July 2013

This essay seeks to demonstrate how ministers and others can enhance attentiveness to God in a culture that does much to distract us. Through such practices as fasting from technological distractions and retreating, we can open ourselves to God’s transforming love and allow that love to flow through us in our everyday lives and ministries.
Cavernous hemangioma arising from the diaphragm
Authors: Ueno Katsuhito , Takeuchi Eriho , Hino Haruaki , Kawashima Mitsuaki
Published: July 2013

A 51-year-old man was referred to our hospital with an abnormal nodule in the right lung field. Computed tomography revealed a homogeneous nodule adjacent to the diaphragm, which appeared to be an extrapulmonary lesion. No hilar or mediastinal lymph node swelling was detected, and positron-emission tomography showed no significant uptake. At surgery, 2 red papillary tumors were found, originating from the right diaphragm, and tumor extirpation was performed. The pathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma.
Right upper lobe torsion following middle lobectomy: a rare complication
Authors: Khalil Mohammed W , de Hoest Matthew , Loubani Mahmoud
Published: July 2013

Middle lobe torsion is a known complication of right upper or lower lobectomy, whereas torsion of the upper or lower lobe is extremely rare. We report our experience with torsion of the right upper lobe following a middle lobectomy in a 74-year-old man with non-small-cell lung cancer.
Ruptured thymoma managed via thoracotomy
Authors: Iyer Anand , Malik Paras , Krishnan Ramya , Kugathasan Gana , Ayobami Opeyemi , Edwards Mark
Published: July 2013

Thymomas rarely present with chest pain due to hemorrhage. This could cause shortness of breath if it ruptures into the pleural space, and is best managed surgically. We describe the case of an 83-year-old woman who presented with such symptoms. Computed tomography showed a ruptured mediastinal mass with pleural effusion. She was managed successfully by thoracotomy with excision of the mass and drainage of the effusion. Histopathology revealed a ruptured thymoma with infarction and necrosis.
Pulmonary synovial sarcoma
Authors: Aydoğdu Koray , Sahin Furkan , Fındık Göktürk , Kaya Sadi
Published: July 2013

We describe the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with chest pain and a mass lesion occupying 2/3rds of the left hemithorax on a chest radiograph. A malignant pulmonary tumor was suspected, and after all diagnostic procedures, spindle-cell carcinoma was considered. Because of the proximity of the lesion to vascular structures, chemoradiotherapy was given before surgery. A left pneumonectomy was performed. Pathology identified a pulmonary synovial sarcoma which rarely occurs in the thorax.
Glomus tumor of the mediastinum
Authors: Rychlik Igor J , O’Donnell Mark E , Davey Philip , Merard Reena , McGuigan Jim
Published: July 2013

Glomus tumors are rare benign myoepithelial neoplasms that can present with intractable pain. We report the case of a 59-year-old gentleman who presented with upper abdominal and chest pain caused by a posterior mediastinal glomus tumor arising from the spinal column, which required surgical resection. As glomus tumors usually develop in the limbs, this case highlights the complexity of diagnosis and treatment of glomus tumors when they present in rare locations.
Mediastinal drainage in descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Authors: Dajer-Fadel Walid Leonardo , Ibarra-Pérez Carlos , Argüero-Sánchez Rubén
Published: July 2013

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis has been thoroughly described in the past, but we could not find a detailed description of the technique to perform adequate drainage and lavage of all the mediastinal and thoracic spaces. We describe the procedure as we perform it, emphasizing the sites for incision and proper drainage of all the mediastinal compartments and the contralateral thoracic cavity.
The Leading Role of the Party: Catalan Communism and the Franco Regime, 1939–1975
Authors: Dowling Andrew
Published: July 2013

Prior to the Spanish Civil War, the Catalan national movement had been regarded with deep suspicion by organized labour, and society had been torn by social and political conflict. The rise to dominance of Catalan communism and the impact this movement had on the Catalan opposition to the Franco regime enabled the over-coming of pre-war divisions. Furthermore, the defence of Catalan national identity became a key component in the left’s strategy of opposition to the dictatorship. Thus a new correlation of forces, as well as demographic change, ensured that the opposition in Catalonia was unified before any other territory in Spain. This article concerns itself with the structural changes in Catalan left political culture that determined a distinctive outcome to late Francoism.
Models and Strategies in the Development of Antiobesity Drugs
Authors: Agahi A. , Murphy K. G.
Published: July 2013

Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is still a wide disparity between the necessity and availability of safe and effective antiobesity pharmacotherapies. Current drugs are associated with adverse effects and are limited in their efficacy. There is thus an urgent need for new antiobesity agents. Animal models are critical to the study of the biological mechanisms underpinning energy homeostasis and obesity and provide useful tools for the development of novel antiobesity agents. Our understanding of the complex neuronal and hormonal systems that regulate appetite and body weight has largely been based on studies in animals. This review describes the physiological basis of appetite, rodent models used in the development of antiobesity drugs, and potential future targets for novel antiobesity agents.