bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Bilateral Mandibular Angle Fractures: An Extensive Literature Review of the Rare Clinical Phenomenon with Presentation of a Classical Clinical Model
Authors: Elavenil P. , Mohanavalli S. , Sasikala B. , Prasanna R. Ashok , Krishnakumar Raja V. B.
Published: November 2014

Bilateral angle fractures are a rare clinical phenomenon in contrast to the incidence of unilateral angle fractures. However, the rarity has garnered less attention in spite of the uniqueness of fracture pattern and distinctive biomechanics. This article is a detailed review on the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of bilateral angle fractures with the presentation of an interesting case. The bilateral angle fracture reported is a untreated, malunited fracture representing an ideal clinical model to study its biomechanics. The clinical features were anterior open bite, increased facial height, and temporomandibular joint tenderness. The management included osteotomy at the malunion and miniplate osteosynthesis. Bilateral angle fracture presents mandible in three independent fragments (left angle, right angle, and intermediate corpus), each with strong muscles acting in different vectors. This makes the fracture vulnerable to severe displacing forces and unfavorable to achieve the optimal reduction, stability, and healing. This necessitates comprehension of the biomechanical forces involved to avoid malunion following fixation. The article details the complex biomechanics of mandibular angle and its clinical implications in the rare event of bilateral angle fractures. It describes the necessity for a systematic approach and ideal osteosynthesis principles to achieve maximal treatment outcomes and minimal complications.
Lower Face Asymmetry: Can We Distract the Mandibular Lower Border?
Authors: Rao Santhosh , Rao Sruthi
Published: November 2014

Orthognathic surgery and alloplastic grafting are the main stay in management in hemifacial microsomia. Distraction osteogenesis is used to increase the ramus and corpus length in the management, but here we have described a technique to increase the height of the body of the mandible using the principles of basal osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis.
Acute Intraorbital Hemorrhage following Reduction of a Displaced Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture
Authors: Susarla SrinivasMurthy , Bojovic Branko
Published: November 2014

Orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC) fractures are commonly encountered by the craniomaxillofacial trauma surgeon and may, in fact, be the most common type of orbital fracture. Disruption of articulation with the frontal and sphenoid bones causes disruption of the internal orbital skeleton, which can result in diplopia from extraocular muscle swelling or entrapment, or enophthalmos from increased orbital volume. Although there is significant energy transferred to the orbit in these injuries, blindness and intraorbital hematoma are, fortunately, relatively rare complications, typically seen pre- or postoperatively. In this report, we describe the development of acute intraorbital hemorrhage following reduction of a displaced OZMC fracture.
Evidence-Based Medicine of Traumatic Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures: A Systematic Review of Operative Management across 20 Years
Authors: Scheer Justin K. , Bakhsheshian Joshua , Fakurnejad Shayan , Oh Taemin , Dahdaleh Nader S. , Smith Zachary A.
Published: November 2014

Study Design

Systematic literature review.

Objective

The management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBF) remains challenging, and analyzing the levels of evidence (LOEs) for treatment practices can reform the decision-making process. However, no review has yet evaluated the operative management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures with particular attention placed on LOE from an established methodology. The objective of the present study was to characterize the literature evidence for TLBF, specifically for operative management.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the English literature over the past 20 years was conducted using PubMed (MEDLINE). The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) traumatic burst fractures (2) in the thoracic or lumbar spine. Exclusion criteria included (1) osteoporotic burst fractures, (2) pathologic burst fractures, (3) cervical fractures, (4) biomechanical studies or those involving cadavers, and (5) computer-based studies. Studies were assigned an LOE and those meeting level 1 or 2 were included.

Results

From 1,138 abstracts, 272 studies met the criteria. Twenty-three studies (8.5%) met level 1 ( n = 4, 1.5%) or 2 ( n = 19, 7.0%) criteria. All 23 studies were reported.

Conclusions

The literature contains a high LOE to support the operative management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures. For patients who are neurologically intact, a high LOE demonstrated similar functional outcomes, lower complication rates, and less costs with conservative management when compared with surgical management. There is a high LOE for short- or long-segment pedicle instrumentation without fusion and less invasive (percutaneous and paraspinal) approaches. Furthermore, the posterior approaches are associated with lower complications as opposed to the anterior or combined approaches.
Auditory Perception of a Human Walker
Authors: Cottrell David , Campbell Megan E J
Published: November 2014

When one hears footsteps in the hall, one is able to instantly recognise it as a person: this is an everyday example of auditory biological motion perception. Despite the familiarity of this experience, research into this phenomenon is in its infancy compared with visual biological motion perception. Here, two experiments explored sensitivity to, and recognition of, auditory stimuli of biological and nonbiological origin. We hypothesised that the cadence of a walker gives rise to a temporal pattern of impact sounds that facilitates the recognition of human motion from auditory stimuli alone. First a series of detection tasks compared sensitivity with three carefully matched impact sounds: footsteps, a ball bouncing, and drumbeats. Unexpectedly, participants were no more sensitive to footsteps than to impact sounds of nonbiological origin. In the second experiment participants made discriminations between pairs of the same stimuli, in a series of recognition tasks in which the temporal pattern of impact sounds was manipulated to be either that of a walker or the pattern more typical of the source event (a ball bouncing or a drumbeat). Under these conditions, there was evidence that both temporal and nontemporal cues were important in recognising theses stimuli. It is proposed that the interval between footsteps, which reflects a walker's cadence, is a cue for the recognition of the sounds of a human walking.
Six-Month-Old Infants' Perception of the Hollow Face Illusion: Evidence for a General Convexity Bias
Authors: Corrow Sherryse L , Mathison Jordan , Granrud Carl E , Yonas Albert
Published: November 2014

Corrow, Granrud, Mathison, and Yonas (2011, Perception, 40, 1376–1383) found evidence that 6-month-old infants perceive the hollow face illusion. In the present study we asked whether 6-month-old infants perceive illusory depth reversal for a nonface object and whether infants' perception of the hollow face illusion is affected by mask orientation inversion. In experiment 1 infants viewed a concave bowl, and their reaches were recorded under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. Infants reached to the bowl as if it were convex significantly more often in the monocular than in the binocular viewing condition. These results suggest that infants perceive illusory depth reversal with a nonface stimulus and that the infant visual system has a bias to perceive objects as convex. Infants in experiment 2 viewed a concave face-like mask in upright and inverted orientations. Infants reached to the display as if it were convex more in the monocular than in the binocular condition; however, mask orientation had no effect on reaching. Previous findings that adults' perception of the hollow face illusion is affected by mask orientation inversion have been interpreted as evidence of stored-knowledge influences on perception. However, we found no evidence of such influences in infants, suggesting that their perception of this illusion may not be affected by stored knowledge, and that perceived depth reversal is not face-specific in infants.
The development of an error typology to assess translation from English into Korean in class
Authors: Lee Young Ouk , Ronowicz Eddie
Published: November 2014

One of the urgent issues in translation studies is how to identify a good translation, which is inevitably related to its assessment. Various approaches have been introduced to deal with these issues, and while all of them should be considered as important variables, it would be impossible to use all of them in developing an assessment method, which can be applied to all types of translation.
Under these circumstances, this paper is designed to show the procedure of the development of an error typology to assess translations from English into Korean for students in translation programs. To do this, studies done in translation assessment and error typologies until now have been presented, and an error typology consisting of four categories: (a) causes of errors, (b) types of errors; (c) results of errors; (d) significance of errors has been developed. Since it is an on-going project, the next step will be to apply it to data to verify its effectiveness.
Community interpreting and translation in the Arab World
Authors: Taibi Mustapha
Published: November 2014

Community interpreting and translation enable public service providers and users to communicate in situations where they do not share the same language. These professions are essential for social equity and egalitarian access to legal, health, education and other services. Many countries with significant numbers of migrants or autochthonous language minorities have developed more or less satisfactory services and standards in this burgeoning subfield of translation and interpreting. Instances can be identified of countries that have made significant progress (e.g., Australia, Canada and Sweden) as well as of those which started only recently (e.g., Spain and Italy). In Arab countries, however, one can hardly find a reference to this subfield of translation studies, although situations requiring such interpreting and translation services are numerous.

This paper describes and raises awareness of the status quo of community interpreting and translation in the Arab World. Three examples are focused on: Morocco as a country with a national language minority, the United Arab Emirates, as an affluent country hosting migrants, and Saudi Arabia, a country with a special religious position which hosts millions of pilgrims every year. The paper also includes recommendations based on migration and pilgrimage statistics and the experiences of the pioneering countries above.
La traducción de letras de canciones en la web de aficionados Lyrics Translate.com
Authors: Guerrero María José Hernández
Published: November 2014

This paper aims to describe a sample of community translation: the web site Lyrics Translate.com, which offers translation for lyrics. Community translation consists of the translation of a large volume of content due to the collaboration of a group of amateur translators in Internet and it is characterized by the lack of a professional who guarantees the quality of the final product. The power and reach of amateur translation is surprising. The willingness of translators to work on a project without direct financial compensation is a widespread reality. Translators are motivated by recognition from the community, a sense of accomplishment that comes from improving as a translator and from enjoyment of the material they’re translating. Using French translations into Spanish language from the web site Lyrics Translate.com, we analyze their performance and the way in which users accomplish the task of translation. With this purpose, we will address some questions such as who are the translators, why they do that, the working languages and, specially, the quality of the translated material. Little attention has been paid to this newborn phenomenon of web sites offering translations carried out by amateur translators. However, these virtual communities around translation are widely spread in the cyberspace and, what is more, these new translating practices have already become a challenge for the future of translation professional work.
The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Feller Sebastian
Published: November 2014

In this paper, I will present a dialogic view of identity. I argue that identity is not a static description of who or what a person or thing is rather than the outcome of, what I call, a dialog of cultures. In a broad sense, identities are negotiated or, co-constructed, against the background of different perspectives between the dialog partners. From this point of view, identity construction is a joint activity with no one having full control over its outcome. In contrast, identities rather “happen” in dialog. The analysis of selected dialogs from a German talk show will illustrate how the co-construction of different identities works, giving rise to a re-definition of identity in genuinely dialogic terms.
Bodies in action
Authors: Mondada Lorenza
Published: November 2014

Studies of gesture and language, multimodality, and embodied talk constitute a blooming domain that revisits our conceptions of language as well as of human action. However, research until now has focused on the upper part of the body — mainly on gesture, gaze, head movements and facial expressions. This paper contributes to and expands this line of research by looking at the lower part of the body — in practices of walking and talking — and by demonstrating how theentirebody is crucially involved in the organisation of social interaction. Adopting a conversation analytic perspective, the paper is based on video recordings of people talking and walking in a garden. The study shows how the entire body moves in significant and systematic ways, within complexmultimodal Gestalts. In particular it shows how walking both reflexively shapes and is shaped by emergent turn formatting, ongoing sequence organization and the dynamic organization of participant frameworks.
Developing a method for cross-cultural dialogue with Chinese
Authors: Wyse Marion
Published: November 2014

China is inviting foreigners into what was a closed society. Few are prepared for what they meet. This article hopes to help with an updated method of dialogue produced by Xiamen University’s doctoral class in Cultural Linguistics, using the “Dialogue Decalogue” of Dr. Leonard Swidler and the Harvard Negotiation Project as models developed in Mediterranean-based cultures.

After re-defining ‘negotiate’ and ‘dialogue’, the group examined the five preconditions and found little that matched Chinese assumptions. They then restated Swidler’s ten steps to include Chinese assumptions using linguistics and historical precedent.

The language barrier is formidable, and the habit of closing out ‘outsiders’ runs deep. The hermeneutic of suspicion must be applied to anything learned due to the tendency of a Chinese to say what s/he thinks the conversation partner wants to hear. This is viewed as non-productive by Mediterranean-based cultures.
“What happened when you came to Sweden?”
Authors: Lindholm Johanna , Börjesson Mats , Cederborg Ann-Christin
Published: November 2014

Depicted as someone without agency, with no free will and completely in the hands of the trafficker, the ideal trafficking victim can be seen as diametrically different from the guilty prostitute. By analysing how responsibility and victimhood are negotiated in forensic interviews with alleged adolescent trafficking victims, this article scrutinises this image by asking how victim-status is handled when questions turn to sex and prostitution and which interactive and narrative conditions, related to agency, stake and interest, apply for talk in this specific institutional setting. Our findings suggest that in order to sort out the “real” victims, the interviewer need to pull apart the two categories victim and prostitute even if there may be substantive problems with this clear-cut distinction since the categories tend to blend together. Further, talk about sex can be problematic for the interactants as it may undermine the victim narrative instead creating a subject with interests.
Atrocity stories and triumph stories
Authors: Thomas Mike
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates conflicting narratives available to lesbian and gay couples as a result of marriage and civil partnership. Whereas marginalisation may have made stories of exclusion particularly resonant for same-sex couples, marriage and civil partnership offer scope for new stories around inclusion and equality. Drawing on empirical research with married and civil partner same-sex couples in the UK, US and Canada, the paper contrasts couples’ atrocity stories with new stories about acceptance and inclusion. The paper argues that these new stories should be seen as triumph stories that point towards a tangible impact arising from marriage equality and civil partnership. However, the presence of atrocity stories alongside these triumph stories provides evidence of a more limited policy impact. In conclusion, the paper highlights the relevance of atrocity stories in an emerging area of public policy, as well as the likelihood of triumph stories being relevant in other contexts.
“The self-murderer from Orminge”
Authors: Hagström Anneli Silvén
Published: November 2014

Moral discourses, which operate to create difference among people, construct and reconstruct a “suicide stigma” whereby the suicide-bereaved are stigmatized in their social contexts and thus prevented from communicating their experience of loss. Departing from a performance-based pragmatic approach, this article uses Bamberg’s (1997) positioning theory to analyze a young woman’s performed memoir as her way of resisting this stigmatizing position. Following her mother’s suicide, the daughter-narrator breaks the silence, renegotiates meaning and claims her normalcy — and that of people like her. The audience members, who partake in the emotional and relational aspects of her grief, are positioned as witnesses. They represent society and “the moral court of law”, and are endowed with the power to liberate the narrator from her guilt. This article showcases how the narrative format of a performative memoir can enable a process of de-stigmatization and in addition work to empower and help normalize the stigmatized experiences of others.
Telling the moment
Authors: Woods Catherine , Wooffitt Robin
Published: November 2014

In this paper we examine how the features of an on-going experience are identified as having subsequently reportable properties. Using transcripts of the audio track of a video posted on YouTube purporting to capture the movements of a UFO (or at least, ostensibly anomalous lights in the sky), the analysis examines how the participants exhibit and negotiate their understanding of the object/lights, how they evaluate the evidence provided by the video in comparison to what they can see, and the way that another’s failure to see the same phenomenon is managed to ensure that the absence of corroboration does not undermine implicit claims about its objectivity and potentially anomalous features.
Visual narrative and trauma recovery
Authors: Hoecker Robin
Published: November 2014

Visual representations are powerful vehicles for the transmission of collective memory and the processing of traumatic events (Zelizer, 1998). But how do images create narrative, particularly in context of a traumatic past? This paper analyzes two visual narratives created by national truth commissions in Guatemala and Peru. Drawing from various theories of visual narrative and visual grammar, mainly Eisner (1985), McCloud (1993), Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), and Cohn (2013), this paper analyzes how each project used visuals — photography and illustrations — to create the building blocks of narrative: characters, setting, and plot. It compares and contrasts the two projects in terms of how they depict the main actors in the conflicts, as well as the main events and the overall visual narrative structure. Finally, this paper discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks of each medium as a post-traumatic tool.
Storytelling in guided tours
Authors: Burdelski Matthew , Kawashima Michie , Yamazaki Keiichi
Published: November 2014

This article examines storytelling (narratives) in interaction at a Japanese American museum. The analysis draws upon audiovisual recordings of tours led by older, male Japanese American docents. It examines ways docents tell stories — primarily of vicarious experience — in educating visitors on Japanese-American history, and ways they use a range of verbal and non-verbal communicative practices that invite visitors’ engagement in the telling as a social and sense-making activity. We categorize two types of communicative practices: elicited and non-elicited. Elicited practices include (1) interrogative and polar questions, which are further divided into (a) known and (b) unknown information questions, and (2) other-repetition + list intonation. Non-elicited practices include affective talk and gestures in recounting past events. We show ways that visitor engagement varies in relation to elicited and non-elicited practices. Finally, we discuss storytelling as a vehicle for displaying and positioning the self and others in relation to stance and identity, and in working towards the goals of the museum.
Emotion prosody and viewer engagement in film narrative
Authors: Feng Dezheng , QI Yujie
Published: November 2014

This study adopts a social semiotic approach to model the dynamics of character emotion and the discursive mechanisms of viewer engagement in film narrative. Drawing upon the systemic functional semiotics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004), this paper proposes a metafunctional framework to elucidate how film characters’ emotions are ideationally construed, interpersonally enacted, and textually organized as a “prosody”. The explication of emotion prosody provides an explicit framework to explain the multi-dimensional, dynamic construction of narrative discourse. With the metafunctional model of emotion prosody, the fundamental mechanisms of viewer engagement, namely, allegiance, empathy and expectancy, are elucidated in a coherent discourse-based framework. Compared to schema-based cognitive film studies that focus on viewers’ emotional reactions, the social semiotic discourse analysis provides a more explicit and analytically reliable framework to explain the multi-dimensional construction of film narrative and the discursive mechanisms of viewer engagement.
Phonological and morphological faces
Authors: Elliott Eeva A. , Jacobs Arthur M.
Published: November 2014

In this study, we verify the observation that signs for emotion related concepts are articulated with the congruent facial movements in German Sign Language using a corpus. We propose an account for the function of these facial movements in the language that also explains the function of mouthings and other facial movements at the lexical level. Our data, taken from 20 signers in three different conditions, show that for the disgust related signs, a disgust related facial movement with temporal scope only over the individual sign occurred in most cases. These movements often occurred in addition to disgust related facial movements that had temporal scope over the entire clause. Using the Facial Action Coding System, we found some variability in how exactly the facial movement was instantiated, but most commonly, it consisted of tongue protrusion and an open mouth. We propose that these lexically related facial movements be regarded as an additional layer of communication with both phonological and morphological properties, and we extend this proposal to mouthings as well. The relationship between this layer and manual lexical items is analogous in some ways to the gesture-word relationship, and the intonation-word relationship.
Prosody in a communication system developed without a language model
Authors: Applebaum Lauren , Coppola Marie , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: November 2014

Prosody, the “music” of language, is an important aspect of all natural languages, spoken and signed. We ask here whether prosody is also robust across learning conditions. If a child were not exposed to a conventional language and had to construct his own communication system, would that system contain prosodic structure? We address this question by observing a deaf child who received no sign language input and whose hearing loss prevented him from acquiring spoken language. Despite his lack of a conventional language model, this child developed his own gestural system. In this system, features known to mark phrase and utterance boundaries in established sign languages were used to consistently mark the ends of utterances, but not to mark phrase or utterance internal boundaries. A single child can thus develop the seeds of a prosodic system, but full elaboration may require more time, more users, or even more generations to blossom.
Hydrocellular foam dressings promote wound healing associated with decrease in inflammation in rat periwound skin and granulation tissue, compared with hydrocolloid dressings
Authors: Yamane Takumi , Nakagami Gojiro , Yoshino Sawako , Shimura Mari , Kitamura Aya , Kobayashi-Hattori Kazuo , Oishi Yuichi , Nishijima Yoshimi , Minematsu Takeo , Sanada Hiromi
Published: November 2014

The effects of modern dressings on inflammation, which represent the earliest phase of wound healing, are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of modern hydrocellular foam dressings (HCFs) on wound healing and on the gene expression levels of the inflammatory markers—interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10—in rat periwound skin and granulation tissue by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. HCF absorbed significantly higher volume of water than hydrocolloid dressing (HCD) and increased the contraction of wounds. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were massively infiltrated to the wound edge and boarded between granulation and dermis in the HCD group. IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the periwound skin around the wounds and granulation tissue covered with HCF. These findings suggest that HCF may promote wound healing along with decrease in inflammation by reducing gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10.
Dynein light intermediate chains maintain spindle bipolarity by functioning in centriole cohesion
Authors: Jones Laura A. , Villemant Cécile , Starborg Toby , Salter Anna , Goddard Georgina , Ruane Peter , Woodman Philip G. , Papalopulu Nancy , Woolner Sarah , Allan Victoria J.
Published: November 2014

Cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein) is a minus end–directed microtubule motor protein with many cellular functions, including during cell division. The role of the light intermediate chains (LICs; DYNC1LI1 and 2) within the complex is poorly understood. In this paper, we have used small interfering RNAs or morpholino oligonucleotides to deplete the LICs in human cell lines and Xenopus laevis early embryos to dissect the LICs’ role in cell division. We show that although dynein lacking LICs drives microtubule gliding at normal rates, the LICs are required for the formation and maintenance of a bipolar spindle. Multipolar spindles with poles that contain single centrioles were formed in cells lacking LICs, indicating that they are needed for maintaining centrosome integrity. The formation of multipolar spindles via centrosome splitting after LIC depletion could be rescued by inhibiting Eg5. This suggests a novel role for the dynein complex, counteracted by Eg5, in the maintenance of centriole cohesion during mitosis.
Guidance for the Knowledge and Skills Required for Antimicrobial Stewardship Leaders
Authors: Cosgrove Sara E. , Hermsen Elizabeth D. , Rybak Michael J. , File Thomas M. , Parker Sarah K. , Barlam Tamar F.
Published: November 2014

Antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly recognized as critical in optimizing the use of antimicrobials. Consequently, more physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare providers are developing and implementing such programs in a variety of healthcare settings. The purpose of this guidance document is to outline the knowledge and skills that are needed to lead an antimicrobial stewardship program. It was developed by antimicrobial stewardship experts from organizations that are engaged in advancing the field of antimicrobial stewardship.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1444–1451
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Precursor Organisms in Southeastern Michigan
Authors: Albrecht Valerie S. , Zervos Marcus J. , Kaye Keith S. , Tosh Pritish K. , Arshad Samia , Hayakawa Kayoko , Kallen Alexander J. , McDougal Linda K. , Limbago Brandi M. , Guh Alice Y.
Published: November 2014

We assessed for vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) precursor organisms in southeastern Michigan, an area known to have VRSA. The prevalence was 2.5% (pSK41-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 2009–2011) and 1.5% (Inc18-positive vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, 2006–2013); Inc18 prevalence significantly decreased after 2009 (3.7% to 0.82%). Risk factors for pSK41 included intravenous vancomycin exposure.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1531–1534
The stability of self-shrinkers of mean curvature flow in higher co-dimension
Authors: Lee Yng-Ing , Lue Yang-Kai
Published: November 2014

We generalize Colding and Minicozzi’s work (2012) on the stability of hypersurface self-shrinkers to higher co-dimension. The first and second variation formulae of the

F
F

-functional are derived and an equivalent condition to the stability in general co-dimension is found. We also prove that

R

n

\mathbb R^n

is the only stable product self-shrinker and show that the closed embedded Lagrangian self-shrinkers constructed by Anciaux are unstable.
Minimal immersions of compact bordered Riemann surfaces with free boundary
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Fraser Ailana , Pang Chao
Published: November 2014

Let

N
N

be a complete, homogeneously regular Riemannian manifold of dim

N
≥
3

N \geq 3

and let

M
M

be a compact submanifold of

N
N

. Let

Σ
\Sigma

be a compact orientable surface with boundary. We show that for any continuous

f
:

(
Σ
,
∂
Σ
)

→

(
N
,
M
)

f: \left ( \Sigma , \partial \Sigma \right ) \rightarrow \left ( N, M \right )

for which the induced homomorphism

f

∗

f_{*}

on certain fundamental groups is injective, there exists a branched minimal immersion of

Σ
\Sigma

solving the free boundary problem

(
Σ
,
∂
Σ
)

→

(
N
,
M
)

\left ( \Sigma , \partial \Sigma \right ) \rightarrow \left ( N, M \right )

, and minimizing area among all maps which induce the same action on the fundamental groups as

f
f

. Furthermore, under certain nonnegativity assumptions on the curvature of a

3
3

-manifold

N
N

and convexity assumptions on the boundary

M
=
∂
N

M=\partial N

, we derive bounds on the genus, number of boundary components and area of any compact two-sided minimal surface solving the free boundary problem with low index.
Dynamics and Zeta functions on conformally compact manifolds
Authors: Rowlett Julie , Suárez-Serrato Pablo , Tapie Samuel
Published: November 2014

In this note, we study the dynamics and associated Zeta functions of conformally compact manifolds with variable negative sectional curvatures. We begin with a discussion of a larger class of manifolds known as convex co-compact manifolds with variable negative curvature. Applying results from dynamics on these spaces, we obtain optimal meromorphic extensions of weighted dynamical Zeta functions and asymptotic counting estimates for the number of weighted closed geodesics. A meromorphic extension of the standard dynamical Zeta function and the prime orbit theorem follow as corollaries. Finally, we investigate interactions between the dynamics and spectral theory of these spaces.
The space of almost complex 2-spheres in the 6-sphere
Authors: Fernández Luis
Published: November 2014

The complex dimension of the space of linearly full almost complex 2-spheres of area

4
π
d

4\pi d

in the round 6-sphere is calculated to be

d
+
8

d+8

. Explicit examples of these objects are constructed for every integer value of the degree,

d
≥
6

d\ge 6

,

d
≠
7

d\ne 7

. Furthermore, it is shown that when

d
=
6

d=6

this space is isomorphic to the group

G
2

(

C

)

G_2({\mathbb C})

, and when

d
=
7

d=7

this space is empty. We also show that the dimension of the space of nonlinearly full almost complex 2-spheres of area

4
π
d

4\pi d

in the round 6-sphere is

2
d
+
5

2d+5

.
Galois groups of Schubert problems of lines are at least alternating
Authors: Brooks Christopher , Martín del Campo Abraham , Sottile Frank
Published: November 2014

We show that the Galois group of any Schubert problem involving lines in projective space contains the alternating group. This constitutes the largest family of enumerative problems whose Galois groups have been largely determined. Using a criterion of Vakil and a special position argument due to Schubert, our result follows from a particular inequality among Kostka numbers of two-rowed tableaux. In most cases, a combinatorial injection proves the inequality. For the remaining cases, we use the Weyl integral formulas to obtain an integral formula for these Kostka numbers. This rewrites the inequality as an integral, which we estimate to establish the inequality.
To use or not to use? SDM utilisation in the development of LMS in South Africa
Authors: van Aswegen Kobus , Huisman Magda , Taylor Estelle
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study was to determine if Systems Development Methodologies (SDMs) are being utilised effectively in the development of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in South Africa. With e-learning being a critical component of modern educational systems, it has become essential to ensure that LMSs of a high standard are being developed. In the field of SDMs, much research has been done and the value of SDMs is proven and documented. To enhance the chances of developing LMSs of outstanding quality, it is crucial that SDMs are applied efficiently, as they can have a significant impact on the development process.

Design/methodology/approach

– A positivistic research approach was followed. By utilising a survey as the main research method, quantitative data were generated. By statistically analysing the dataset, meaningful results were obtained.

Findings

– This study shed some light on how LMS procurement and development is being done in South Africa and revealed that the use of open-source systems currently exceeds the use of proprietary systems. The results of the research showed that SDMs (e.g. Rapid Application Development) are being used effectively in the development of e-learning systems. Strong relationships exist between many of the SDM factors identified (e.g. performance expectancy and the perceived support of the methodology) and the quality and productivity of the development process. This, in turn, has a strong influence on the impact SDMs have on the quality of LMSs.

Originality/value

– The study made a contribution to the discipline of information systems and, more specifically, LMSs, by providing insights with regard to the factors affecting the use and effectiveness of SDMs in developing LMSs. As far as could be ascertained, this study generated the first empirical data on the procurement and development of LMSs in South Africa.
An active e-book to foster self-regulation in music education
Authors: Andrea Ludovico Luca , Rita Mangione Giuseppina
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this work is to analyze the concept of self-regulated learning and applying it to a web-based interface for music teaching.

Design/methodology/approach

– This work starts from a systematic review about music education and self-regulation during learning processes. Then, the paper identifies those meta-cognitive strategies that music students should adopt during their instrumental practice. The goal is applying such concepts to rethink the structure of a didactic e-book for instrumental music education. Thanks to the adoption of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1599 standard, the paper outlines a model of active e-book able to improve learners’ performances through proper cognitive and multi-modal scaffolds. In the last section, the design principles for an implementation will be proposed.

Findings

– This work applies theoretical research on self-regulated learning to the design and implementation of a working prototype.

Research limitations/implications

– A limitation is the lack of experimentation data, required to test the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed e-book model and its impact on self-regulated music abilities. A validation strategy – e.g. based on scenarios – will be proposed in our future works, thanks to the support of music learning centres and focus groups composed by young Italian students.

Originality/value

– This work has been invited as an extension of the paper presented by the authors at EL2014 International Conference held in Lisbon. The previous work has been awarded as the best paper of the conference. In this extension, the authors provide further details about the proposed framework, highlighting in particular the implementation of scaffolds in the interface.
An investigation of secondary school students’ attitudes toward pedagogical use of ICT in learning in Ghana
Authors: Buabeng-Andoh Charles , Yidana Issifu
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to investigate secondary school students’ pedagogical use of information communication and technologies (ICT), their attitudes toward integration of ICT and the differences in their attitudes based on gender, school type and location.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis.

Findings

– The study revealed that students’ use of ICT to support their learning was low. Students mostly used ICT to communicate with peers. Students’ methods of assimilating knowledge were through teacher-centred teaching, even though they somewhat used ICT for collaborative and inquiry learning. Students in public schools perceived the use of ICT more valuable than students in private schools. Also, the study provided evidence that students in urban and rural schools differed in their attitudes in terms of perceived value and cost of ICT use, but no differences in attitude in terms of expectancy of success were found to exist among students in all locations.

Originality/value

– The study provided further evidence that the value of ICT positively related to students’ pedagogical use of ICT, but the effect was very limited. This implies that although students have positive attitudes toward the benefits of ICT in learning; many do not integrate the technology into their learning. Lastly, the study was able to provide additional evidence that perceived cost negatively related to students’ pedagogical use of technology, but the result was very small. This indicates that since many students do not utilize ICT in their learning they rarely encounter barriers or challenges when it comes to the integration of the technology into their studies.
Conservation of passively dispersed organisms in the context of habitat degradation and destruction
Authors: Teller Brittany J. , Miller Adam D. , Shea Katriona
Published: November 2014

Passively dispersed species, such as many plant species, rely on abiotic forces to achieve movement. Despite the fact that such species form the base of many terrestrial and oceanic food webs, these species are often overlooked by conservation management plans because it is assumed that they are dispersed easily and widely, and therefore are relatively unthreatened by anthropogenic influences in comparison with poorly dispersing species.

To quantify the threat presented by habitat degradation and destruction to passively dispersed species, we present a theoretical population model of passively dispersed organisms that incorporates the effects of increased dispersal‐associated mortality. We examine how the effects of habitat degradation and destruction depend on species’ dispersal tactics, specifically: highly dispersive, highly retentive or spatially biased.

Contrary to prevailing intuition, highly dispersive species may suffer the strongest absolute negative demographic effects in the face of changes in human‐modified landscapes. These results suggest that passively dispersed organisms may be more threatened by landscape modification than previously thought, and should be more carefully considered in plans for conservation and management.

Synthesis and applications. Since passively dispersed species cannot choose their ultimate settling location, they are therefore less likely to arrive at suitable habitat in landscapes that are degraded or destroyed. If we do not understand the implications for population dynamics of demographic costs of dispersal in fragmented landscapes, we may fail to predict declines of apparently widespread species, including many wind‐dispersed plants and insects, benthic invertebrates and airborne microbes. Conservation and management plans should consider loss of propagules to unsuitable habitat for highly dispersive as well as poorly dispersive species, to avoid potential errors.
Ethics, Politics and Migration: Public Debates on the Free Movement of Romanians and Bulgarians in the UK, 2006–2013
Authors: Balch Alex , Balabanova Ekaterina
Published: November 2014

Public debates on immigration have become the subject of much concern, particularly in the UK. This article applies an ethical lens to assess changes in public debates over intra-EU migration in six UK national newspapers during 2006 and 2013. It finds an almost complete dominance of communitarian justifications, mainly based on welfare chauvinism, but a notable increase in security-related arguments and a decrease in economic nationalist ideas. Alternative cosmopolitan arguments about immigration go from rare to virtually absent. The discussion links these shifts to a failure of the UK centre-left to overcome historic difficulties in presenting a coherent narrative on immigration policy.
Unsophisticated Arbitrageurs and Market Efficiency: Overreacting to a History of Underreaction?
Authors: MILIAN JONATHAN A.
Published: November 2014

Prior research has documented that arbitrage activity significantly reduces or eliminates stock market anomalies. However, if anomalies arise due to unsophisticated investors’ behavioral biases, then these same biases can also apply to unsophisticated arbitrageurs and thereby disrupt the arbitrage process. Consistent with a disruption in the arbitrage process for the post‐earnings announcement drift anomaly, I document that the historically positive autocorrelation in firms’ earnings announcement news has become significantly negative for firms with active exchange‐traded options. For these easy‐to‐arbitrage firms, the firms in the highest decile of prior earnings announcement abnormal return (prior earnings surprise), on average, underperform the firms in the lowest decile by 1.59% (1.43%) at their next earnings announcement. Additional analyses are consistent with investors learning about the post‐earnings announcement drift anomaly and overcompensating. This study suggests that unsophisticated attempts to profit from a well‐known anomaly can significantly reverse a previously documented stock return pattern.
Dynamic Characteristics of Signatures: Effects of Writer Style on Genuine and Simulated Signatures
Authors: Mohammed Linton , Found Bryan , Caligiuri Michael , Rogers Doug
Published: November 2014

The aims of this study were to determine if computer‐measured dynamic features (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differ between genuine and simulated signatures. Sixty subjects (3 equal groups of 3 signature styles) each provided 10 naturally written (genuine) signatures. Each of these subjects then provided 15 simulations of each of three model signatures. The genuine (N = 600) and simulated (N = 2700) signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet. MovAlyzeR® software was used to estimate kinematic parameters for each pen stroke. Stroke duration, velocity, and pen pressure were found to discriminate between genuine and simulated signatures regardless of the simulator's own style of signature or the style of signature being simulated. However, there was a significant interaction between style and condition for size and jerk (a measure of smoothness). The results of this study, based on quantitative analysis and dynamic handwriting features, indicate that the style of the simulator's own signature and the style of signature being simulated can impact the characteristics of handwriting movements for simulations. Writer style characteristics might therefore need to be taken into consideration as potentially significant when evaluating signature features with a view to forming opinions regarding authenticity.
Comparison of the Columnar‐Thin‐Film and Vacuum‐Metal‐Deposition Techniques to Develop Sebaceous Fingermarks on Nonporous Substrates,
Authors: Williams Stephanie F. , Pulsifer Drew P. , Shaler Robert C. , Ramotowski Robert S. , Brazelle Shelly , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: November 2014

Both the columnar‐thin‐film (CTF) and the vacuum‐metal‐deposition (VMD) techniques for visualizing sebaceous fingermarks require the deposition of a material thereon in a vacuum chamber. Despite that similarity, there are many differences between the two techniques. The film deposited with the CTF technique has a columnar morphology, but the film deposited with the VMD technique comprises discrete islands. A split‐print methodology on a variety of fingermarked substrates was used to determine that the CTF technique is superior for developing fingermarks on clear sandwich bags and partial bloody fingermarks on stainless steel. Both techniques are similar in their ability to develop fingermarks on glass but the CTF technique yields higher contrast. The VMD technique is superior for developing fingermarks on white grocery bags and the smooth side of Gloss Finish Scotch Multitask™ tape. Neither technique worked well for fingermarks on black garbage bags.
The Accuracy of Handheld Pre‐Arrest Breath Test Instruments as a Predictor of the Evidential Breath Alcohol Test Results
Authors: Polissar Nayak L. , Suwanvijit Wassana , Gullberg Rod G.
Published: November 2014

Drunk driving is a serious threat to public safety. All available and appropriate tools for curbing this threat should be employed to their full extent. The handheld pre‐arrest breath test instrument (PBT) is one tool for identifying the alcohol‐impaired driver and enforcing drunk driving legislation. A set of data was evaluated (n = 1779) where the PBT instrument was employed in drunk driving arrests to develop a multivariate predictive model. When maintained and operated by trained personnel, the PBT provides a reasonable estimate of the evidential test result within the relevant forensic range (95% prediction interval:  ± 0.003 g/210 L). ROC analysis shows that a multivariate model for PBT prediction of the evidentiary alcohol concentration above versus below the legal limit of 0.08 g/210 L has excellent performance with an AUC of 0.96. These results would be of value in evidential hearings seeking to admit the PBT results in drunk driving trials.