bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Campi Universitários e repercussões morfológicas em cidades de pequeno porte
Authors: Lermen Bruna Cristina , Zampieri Fábio Lúcio Lopes , Maraschin Clarice
Published: December 2023

A descentralização de instituições de ensino superior e suas implantações em cidades de pequeno porte tendem a ocasionar impactos de diversas ordens. Campi universitários atuam como polos geradores de tráfego, modificando a dinâmica socioespacial das cidades a partir de tais empreendimentos e, sobretudo, pelas ações comandadas pelo mercado imobiliário. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as transformações na configuração espacial de cidades de pequeno porte a partir da implantação desses equipamentos de ensino. Questiona-se: quais as possíveis consequências da implantação dos campiuniversitários na evolução da configuração espacial de cidades de pequeno porte? A metodologia adota a modelagem espacial através da teoria da Sintaxe Espacial. A análise sintática constitui um modo de leitura sistemático da estrutura das cidades esuas dinâmicas, permitindo a compreensão das propriedades configuracionais da cidade objeto de estudo e suas alterações ao longo dos anos. O estudo empírico do trabalho é o município de Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, analisado em quatro períodos de seu crescimento urbano. As medidas sintáticas de Integração Global, Local e Choice são utilizadas como indicadores de acessibilidade e centralidade configuracional. Os resultados evidenciam um impacto de crescimento da malha urbana nas regiões próximas dos campi analisados, com características de descontinuidade e fragmentação.
El mundo en 2024: diez temas que marcarán la agenda internacional
Authors:   Investigadora sénior, CIDOB (coordinadora y editora), Colomina Carme
Published: December 2023

2024 será un año de urnas y armas. Las elecciones celebradas en más de 70 países, que actuarán como un test de estrés para el sistema democrático, y el impacto de la multiplicidad de conflictos que alimenta la inestabilidad global definirán un mundo en plena transición de poder y en claro retroceso humanitario y de derechos fundamentales. Se acentúa la erosión de las normas internacionales vigentes y aumenta la imprevisibilidad. 2024 empieza totalmente abierto, marcado por un mundo cada vez más diverso y (des)ordenado, definido por alianzas e intereses cambiantes en cuestiones como la competición geopolítica, las transiciones verde y digital o la seguridad internacional. Las consecuencias económicas de las sucesivas crisis serán más visibles que en años anteriores: el crecimiento económico será débil y el frenazo chino reverberará en las economías emergentes, cada vez más tensionadas por el endurecimiento de las condiciones financieras y la fortaleza del dólar.
CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVE WRITING
Authors: Tsatsou-Nikolouli Sofia
Published: December 2023

Creative intelligence is the ability to find solutions to small or large problems and requires a kind of abstract thinking in unusual ways at an individual or group level. Through it, the individual acquires new skills and knowledge, devises solutions to problems and increases his or her imagination. Creative intelligence can be expressed and enhanced through creative writing, i.e. through writing novels, short stories, poems and other textual genres. Writers, using language, seek the most appropriate words to express their thoughts and describe all the images in their mind, while experimenting with forms and structures in order to find innovative ways to reach their readers.
Epistemologías de vanguardia para la semiótica: diálogos recursivos entre procesos cognitivos y emocionales
Authors: Haidar Julieta
Published: December 2023

Las epistemologías críticas de vanguardia, que vamos a exponer, introducen ejes teóricos, rutas analíticas, categorías que enriquecen mucho los distintos campos cognitivos, como el de la semiótica, del análisis del discurso, y todos los demás. De la Complejidad, retomamos la lógica compleja de la contradicción, en la cual todo es complementario y antagónico al mismo tiempo, entre otras premisas. De la Transdisciplinariedad, retomamos los niveles de Realidad que aportan muchos elementos para analizar la complejidad del mundo actual. De la Decolonialidad, destacamos la lucha por descolonizar el ser, el conocer, el hacer, el poder. De las epistemologías ancestrales, que revisitamos porque adquieren mucha importancia frente al Antropoceno destructivo, encontramos principios de ética con la naturaleza, con la Madre Tierra, que abren caminos de esperanza para la humanidad. Del Materialismo revisitado, retomamos premisas pertinentes para analizar los profundos conflictos del mundo, con los horizontes todavía muy oscurecidos. Con estos planteamientos, introducimos un panorama epistemológico novedoso para el Siglo XXI, ya que no hay trabajos que aborden estas 6 epistemologías para colocarlas en un diálogo recursivo, fundante que reoriente los procesos cognitivos necesarios para que la humanidad y el planeta logren salvarse de la destrucción de un proceso complicado de la crisis civilizatoria que vivimos.
El meme en internet como un discurso particular. Esbozos de una conceptualización
Authors: González Pérez Carlos
Published: December 2023

Este texto presenta una serie de reflexiones teóricas en torno al meme que permiten identificarlo como un discurso particular. Los procesos recorridos y las reflexiones vertidas tuvieron lugar a lo largo del desarrollo de dos proyectos de investigación acreditados por la Secretaría de Ciencia, Técnica y Estudios Regionales de la Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, y se radicaron en la Unidad de Investigación en Comunicación, Educación y Discursos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de esa misma universidad. Estos proyectos fueron, en primer lugar, Los memes jujeños en la plataforma virtual Facebook: uso, apropiación y transformación interpretativa entre agosto de 2017 y diciembre de 2019. Hacia una valoración de su producción como espacios de discurso político y de resistencia, desarrollado entre 2018 y 2019. El segundo se inició en 2020 bajo el título Memes, política y Big Data. Producción, circulación y transformación de significación de memes políticos en redes sociales mediáticas. El proyecto se extendió hasta diciembre de 2022 (prorrogado un año por la Pandemia por COVID-19). Este artículo recupera y focaliza las últimas reflexiones realizadas en estos espacios y sus recorridos.
Vida de un muerto. Entre nuestro universo y el otro
Authors: Amoroso Boelcke Nicolás
Published: December 2023

Se analiza el film Raymond & Ray, desde la construcción de la vida de Harris, personaje muerto desde el principio del film, y esto se hace mediante las palabras, no con escenas de la infancia que mencionan Raymond y Ray ni tampoco en las acciones que participa con los otros personajes que hablan de él. Harris habita el filme desde las palabras.
Underlining factors of women and youths’ immersion in digital entrepreneurship and innovation for the growth of the economy in Nigeria
Authors: Amuda Yusuff Jelili , Alabdulrahman Sarah
Published: December 2023

Nigeria plays important roles in the overall socio-economic development of the entire African continent, including entrepreneurial activities. There is a less focus on the immersion of women and youths in playing participatory roles in digital entrepreneurship and digital technology innovation in order to boost the economic growth of the country. The primary objective of this study is to explore women and youths’ immersion, specifically in connection with digital entrepreneurship and digital technology innovation, for the purpose of fostering the growth of the economy. The methodology employed in this study is Critical Content Analysis (CCA) of cursory literature as an integral part of the qualitative method. The literature was sourced through different databases, such as library sources, journals, and the core collection of Web of Science (WOS), and the collections of studies used for analysis were between 2018 and 2023. The results demonstrated that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play significant roles in digital entrepreneurship activities in the country. In addition, there are various entrepreneurship programmes in the country, such as the Youth Entrepreneurship Development Programme (YEDP), and there is awareness of the effectiveness and efficiency of digital entrepreneurship. In addition, the result further established that the use of digital technology is an important innovation for the success of digital entrepreneurship in the country. The study further indicated that five factors of women and youths’ immersion in entrepreneurship (perception and opportunities, business performance, digital adoption, skill acquisition, and enabling environment) can boost the growth of the economy in the country. In conclusion, the knowledge and skills of entrepreneurs are major drivers of wealth and job creations, with women and youths playing an active role in the overall entrepreneurship programmes. It is suggested that the stakeholders and actors in entrepreneurship should collaborate to foster the participation of women and youths in entrepreneurship programmes in the country.
New hybrid foundation solutions for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Trojnar Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

This paper reviews latest developments of substructures for offshore wind turbines focusing on investigations and applications of hybrid foundations. Model tests and numerical analyses were used to simulate the loading of hybrid piles in sand. The results of pile-soil interaction were investigated to confirm the changes in soil stiffness around the hybrid monopile head. The mechanism and factors affecting the change in lateral stiffness of the hybrid foundation were explained by analysing p–y curves for M+H loading conditions in sand. Based on this research, a new shape of p–y curves for hybrid monopiles was established and a method for determining key parameters was proposed. The effectiveness of new p–y curves was verified by comparing back-calculated results with those from numerical simulations. The conducted tests confirmed that the hybrid monopile displacement is 30–50% smaller when compared to a standard monopile with similar dimensions. The gained experiences can be useful for designers and researchers to enhance the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Forging of a Bimetallic Crosshead
Authors: Rosiak André , Santos Thomas Gomes dos , Alba Diego Rafael , Schaeffer Lirio
Published: December 2023

The automobile sector has been making increasing efforts to reduce the weight of automobiles, aiming at mitigating pollutant gas emissions. The use of innovative concepts, such as bimetallic components, has become attractive because it makes it possible to increase the strength-to-weight ratio of the components. In this study, the hot forging of a bimetallic crosshead is investigated. In the process, a billet with a cylindrical core of the magnesium alloy AZ61 is enclosed with a hollow cylinder of the aluminum alloy AA 6351 and forged at 400°C. The objective is to reconcile the low density of Mg alloys with the high corrosion resistance of Al alloys. In parallel, a finite element analysis of the process was carried out.
The Effects of ArC Voltage and Shielding Gas Type on the Microstructure of Wire ArC Additively Manufactured 2209 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Kemény Dávid Miklós , Sándor Bence , Varbai Balázs , Katula Levente Tamás
Published: December 2023

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used due to their corrosion resistance. Austenite and ferrite determine the excellent properties. Ferrite provides strength and good corrosion resistance, while austenite provides toughness and weldability. During our research, samples were produced with ER 2209 duplex steel wire using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two different 17 V and 19 V arc voltages were used during the production. Two shielding gases were used for each voltage: M12-ArC-2.5 and M12-ArHeC-20/2. The research aimed to determine the ferrite ratio as a function of the welding parameters. The ferrite (or austenite) content must be between 30% and 70% for duplex stainless steel welds, according to the ISO 17781 standard. Based on our research, it can be stated that the austenite ratio increases as the voltage increases, thus failing to fulfill the standard's requirements. The helium content reduced the ferrite ratio even when the 17 V voltage was used due to the gas's higher ionization potential. During the metallographic examination, our welded samples met the standard requirements for the austenite content for 17 V arc voltage and M12-ArC-2.5 shielding gas. The ferrite content in the entire sample cross-section fell between 30-42% during feritscope and image analysis measurements. These welding parameters can be recommended for industrial applications.
Dental changes and space gained as a result of early treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion
Authors: Gu Yan , Rabie A. Bakr M.
Published: December 2023

This study was designed to investigate the dental changes and the space gained following early treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion, using a simple fixed appliance. Twenty-one consecutively treated patients who had a pseudo-Class III malocclusion comprised the treated group. Fifteen untreated control subjects were used as matched controls for the three-year follow-up after completion of treatment. Lateral cephalograms and study models were analysed for the treated, the control and the follow-up group. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable, and paired t-tests were performed to assess the effects of treatment on the treated group. The Mann-Whitney test was performed to evaluate the difference between the follow-up group and the control group. Anterior crossbites and mandibular displacements were eliminated after the treatment. On average, the space gained as a result of the treatment was 4.7mm in the upper arch (p<0.001°). Comparison of the space available as a result of early treatment with the space required for alignment of posterior segments in the upper arch of the untreated control group indicated that there was enough space for the eruption of the canines and premolars as a result of early treatment; whereas, lock of space was evident in the untreated controls. In conclusion, a pseudo-Class III malocclusion, proclination of the upper incisors and/ or retroclination of the lower incisors contributed to the correction of anterior crossbite and the elimination of mandibular displacement. Proclination of the upper incisors, utilisation of leeway space, and arch-width increase provided the space required for eruption of the premolars and canines.
Verification of the Design Parameters Based on the Control Diagnostic of the Deformation Resistance of the Sub-Ballast Upper Surface
Authors: Ižvolt Libor , Dobeš Peter , Mečár Martin , Pultznerová Alžbeta
Published: December 2023

Based on the quality control diagnostics of the used base layers on the interstation railway section Palárikovo - Nové Zámky, the article analyzes the achieved results of static load tests that were carried out on the plane of the sub-ballast upper surface. The verification of the values is based on the project documentation, in which, on the basis of a previously performed geotechnical survey, the designer proposed a suitable type of structural sub-ballast layers. The design of the structural sub-ballast layers reflects the expected deformation resistance of the subgrade surface, its water regime, the railway line characteristic (speed zone), the type of construction work (reconstruction) and also takes into account the principle of conservation of natural resources (recycling of recovered ballast bed material).
Statistical Analysis of Wastewater at Panjapur, Trichy
Authors: Pratheba Sukumar , Balasundaram Natarajan , Krishna Prasanna P. , Lingeshwaran Nagarathinam
Published: December 2023

This study is carried out to find wastewater quality index in treated wastewater, and Statistical analysis was done in various collected samples in sewage treatment plant, Panjappur, Trichy. This study presents a Statistical analysis of the physicochemical parameters of sewage wastewater. Nearly twenty parameters of two different months were analysed using data from physico -chemical analyses. A Continuous Waste Water Quality Index (CWWQI) was established to gauge the overall state of treated wastewater quality. By taking into account previously set quality limitation norms, the index condenses a substantial number of measured quality characteristics into a single water quality term. To identify treatment process performance, the interdependencies between the variables were determined by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This study presents Factor analysis to identify the pollution and its type. The methods and approaches discussed in this study offer a framework for evaluating the monitoring programme for wastewater treatment.
Managing the Utilization of Preventive Measures for Fire Resistance in the Hospitals
Authors: Altaie Meervat R. , Muhsin Ibrahim Fadhil , Dishar Marwa M.
Published: December 2023

The study analyzed the current situation of public hospitals in the capital of Baghdad exclusively and diagnosed the resources available; especially after the high demand for these hospitals as a result of the citizen’s need to review the hospital to take care of them, especially after the Corona pandemic. Eight major hospitals in Baghdad were selected to determine the current reality of providing fire safety tools or equipment and what are the preventive measures needed to reduce it. The results after practical study showed many defects and weaknesses in the current situation due to their reliance on the traditional management to manage and provide all preventive measures and safety tools, which was also confirmed by the results of the field survey that indicated a large gap and absence of an internal protection system against fire accidents. The study concludes by suggesting basic alternatives to improve the safety of hospital buildings, including improving system evaluation, establishing a management system for firefighting equipment, periodic monitoring and accident analysis, and establishing a reliability management system for safety training. The study recommends to activating a new management system to improve the current utilization in Iraqi public hospitals.
Suction Variation of Natural and Treated Unsaturated Gypseous Soils During Wetting
Authors: Hussein Israa S. , Jassam Mahmood G.
Published: December 2023

The current work is directed to study the variation of suction with time and soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) for natural and treated gypseous soil treated with two types of additive (lime and silica fume) compacted at different initial degrees of saturation S0 = 20 and 50 %. Soil subjected to wetting in an upward direction. Three types of gypsum soils were experimented with different gypsum content 15, 35, and 60 % taken from various sites in Salah Al-dean government, Iraq. The main results show that the air-entry value, residual values, and the time required for the entire saturation stage increases with increasing gypsum content and treatment with lime and silica fume and they for soil treated with silica fume are greater than for soil treated with lime. The rate of flow for soil treated with silica fume is less than that of soil treated with lime. The treated soil is more effective in increasing the time required for the entire saturation stage and decreasing the rate of flow when compacted at an effective degree of saturation S0 = 50 %.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Textile-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Abd-Al-Naser Marwa , HARBA Ibrahim S. I.
Published: December 2023

Numerous problems that can occur during regular building use may necessitate the need for reinforced concrete RC members to be strengthened. An increase in live loads or structural damage is two examples. Various techniques can be used to increase load-carrying capability. Concrete reinforcement with textile-carbon fiber (TCF) is a more recent option. For almost all active forces, this strengthening procedure is appropriate. For bending, shear, torsion, or axial forces, strengthening is an option. The experimental work for this study examined the impact of textile carbon mesh in reinforced concrete with various numbers of layers and sikadure-330 as the bonding material with different damage ratio (0%, 45%, 55% and 70%). As well as the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with TCF, by casting and testing 13 beams under the monotonic load, one of them represented the control beam, they designed according to ACI 318-14 to ensure flexural failure. From the results obtained in this study it was shown that the flexural capacity of all strengthened beams increased as a consequence of TCF strengthening. Therefore, TCF jacketing is a very promising technique for increasing reinforced concrete flexural capability, which is necessary for retrofitting and strengthening.
Investigation of Using Waste Glass Powder (WGP) as a Partial Natural Sand Replacement in Concrete for a Potential Use in Iraqi Construction Field
Authors: Esam Shareef Mohammad , Ghanim Abdulrazzaq Dheyaa , Alshijlawi Murtatha
Published: December 2023

Glass waste contributes about 5% of the total solid waste generated worldwide that ends up in landfills without recycling resulting in considerable environmental harm. In this research, Waste Glass Powder (WGP) was studied to be used as a supplementary material substituted with sand in the concrete mix. The concrete mixes were prepared by replacing the natural sand with WGP in weight proportions of 10% to 50%, with a 10% increment to examine the mechanical effect of WGP addition on concrete performance in the fresh and hardened status. The concrete mixes were tested to evaluate the compressive strength for curing ages 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 90 days. Splitting tensile strength was also tested for curing at ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The obtained results showed a notable decrease in workability value for all concrete mixes with WGP addition. Also, the addition of WGP decreases the compressive strengths of all concrete mixes. However, the WGP enhanced the splitting tensile strength by about 12%. It has been concluded that the WGP can be used as a substituted material replaced with sand up to 30%, which was the optimum replacement ratio based on the Iraqi required specifications. By using this ratio, the compressive strength was decreased by 18% at 28 days of concrete curing age.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of distance learning using ICT in geographical education. From the experiences of teachers in Poland
Authors: Hibszer Adam , Tracz Mariola
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of a survey conducted among Polish geography teachers. The purpose of the research was to examine use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in geographical education, carried out remotely after the end of the Lockdown. The collected opinions show that the vast majority of teachers now use information obtained from the Internet and free applications in lessons much more often than before the Covid-19 pandemic. The forced abandonment of traditional classroom learning and its replacement with distance learning has contributed to the development of new skills among teachers and students. Despite the initial reluctance caused by the lack of preparation for the use of new information technologies, geography teachers see many advantages to remote teaching using ICT. In the opinion of those surveyed, the acquired practical digital and communication skills have a positive impact on the teaching of geography. Respondents emphasized that distance learning should only be a supplement to traditional education and used in exceptional situations.
Promotion of biosphere reserves: How to build awareness of their importance for sustainable development?
Authors: Vaňová Anna , Vitálišová Katarína , Rojíková Darina , Škvareninová Dagmar
Published: December 2023

The biosphere reserves are hybrid territories united protected and non-protected areas with the soft economic and social activities. They bring unique opportunities for local people, businesses and other relevant stakeholders. However, because of low public awareness the potential of some biosphere reserves, is not adequately utilized. This article addresses the research gap related to the identification of the importance of promoting the sustainable development of biosphere reserves and the possibilities of exploiting and enhancing their spatial development. The aim of the research was to clarify the role and importance of promotion for the sustainable development of biosphere reserves. It was focused on investigating the importance of promotion tools in terms of creating awareness of biosphere reserves. The research took place in two Slovak biosphere reserves – Poľana and the Tatras. This article identifies and analyzes the use of promotional tools in these two selected biosphere reserves through secondary sources (websites, profiles on social networks) and in-depth interviews with the managers of these biosphere reserves. The awareness of biosphere reserves was researched with the use of a questionnaire survey in both biosphere reserves. This article defines the problem areas and opportunities, which may contribute to the development of awareness about biosphere reserves which is inevitable for their further sustainable development. The research results confirmed that their promotion influenced the sustainable development of the biosphere reserves. Thanks to their accurate promotion, entrepreneurs and residents can better evaluate the impact of their activities on the sustainability of a biosphere reserve. This contributes to reducing the conflicts that arise between nature protection and economic and social profit.
Record of aeolian processes in Pleistocene deposits in the foreland of the European sand belt
Authors: Dulias Renata
Published: December 2023

This article presents the degree of aeolization of Pleistocene deposits in the foreground of the European sand belt in southern Poland. Ten of the 13 sites were established in the Oświęcim Basin and three in the south part of the Silesian Upland. Attention was focused on four types of deposits formed during three glaciations (Sanian, Odranian, Vistulian): boulder clay, fluvioglacial sands and gravels, end moraine deposits, and aeolian sands. Quartz grain abrasion (for the 0.8–1.0 mm fraction) was examined by mechanical graniformametry and the morphoscopic method. The record of aeolian processes in analyzed deposits is the presence of quartz grains RM (very well-rounded and mat) and EM/RM (moderately rounded and mat). They were found in deposits of various origins and ages but in variable proportions. Considering only the average percentage of grains RM, it should be regarded that abrasion of deposits is low in the case of fluvioglacial deposits, moderate in the case of glacial deposits, and good in the case of aeolian deposits. However, the key factor in determining the degree of abrasion is the share of EM/RM grains, which in the abovementioned deposits are seven, three, and twice as many as RM grains. Therefore, the most noteworthy research result is the very high total share of grains with aeolian abrasion (RM + EM/RM), amounting on average to 84.1% for Odranian fluvioglacial deposits, 86.7% for Sanian glacial deposits and 92.6% for Late Glacial aeolian deposits. It means that in the study area, glacial and fluvioglacial transport included deposits with good aeolian abrasion obtained in the periglacial environment before the transgression of the ice sheets. Probably due to the longer persistence of periglacial conditions in southern Poland, compared to its central and northern parts, the degree of aeolization of fluvioglacial and glacial deposits is better. At the same time, there is a significant differentiation in the aeolization of fluvioglacial deposits within the outwash plain in the foreland of the maximum extent of the Odranian ice sheet. In its proximal part, near the front of the ice sheet, fluvioglacial deposits are characterized by much worse abrasion of quartz grains than in the distal part.
Bacterial Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Approach. A Review
Authors: Aasegg Frida L. , Kostičák Maroš , Ondrejková Anna , Korytár Ľuboš , Drážovská Monika , Vojtek Boris , Pelegrinová Andrea , Prokeš Marián
Published: December 2023

One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environments. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the significance of the One Health concept in relation to the large group of diseases that transmits through arthropods and their worldwide distribution, with a closer look at the zoonoses. The importance of knowledge increases as the globalization and climate changes increases the likelihood of transmission, as both cause favourable conditions for transmission of bacteria and viruses. The increase in reservoir abundance, climate change, changing habitat structure, socio-political changes, and import of animals for welfare reasons, trade and traveling are considered to be potential factors for the pathogen and vector introductions to new areas. This article highlights the selected agents of bacterial zoonoses as sources of human and animal diseases and shows the number of cases of Lyme disease, which is the most common bacterial tick-borne disease in humans in Slovakia and Norway, and the trend in incidence over the past twelve years.
Monitoring of Reproduction Activity on Algerian Dairy Cattle Farms
Authors: Ferag Aziza , Gherissi Djalel Eddine , Bordja Nadjat , Boughanem Amel , Moussa Hafida Hadj , Khenenou Tarek
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive monitoring activity in Algerian dairy cattle herds. A participatory survey was conducted with 75 veterinarians and inseminators affiliated with the National Centre for Artificial Insemination and Genetic Improvement (CNIAAG). Reproduction monitoring represents a primary activity for 12 % of the veterinarians. Only 10.8 % of veterinarians earn more than 50 % of the yearly global revenue from reproductive activities. 85.3 % of the veterinarians fix the herd monitoring objectives, 64 % use a paper notebook to manage breeding data, and only 22 % establish a reproduction statute inventory. The most requested information before the visit is the last mating (80 %), oestrus (80 %), and calving (90.7 %) dates. Monthly routine fertility visits were practiced by 32 % of the interviewed veterinarians, and only about half of them (52 %) checked the cows systematically at post-partum. The pregnancy diagnosis is practiced by 72 % of veterinarians at 56.71 ± 22.82 days postpartum and confirmed at 91.85 ± 26.94 days postpartum. Furthermore, 73 % of the respondents systematically examined non-pregnant cows after 3 matings; however, only 48 % simultaneously recorded the cows’ body condition score. Regarding postpartum genital pathology control 38.7 %, 22.7 %, and 26.7 % of veterinarians always perform manual transrectal exploration of the genital tract, vaginoscopy, and ultrasonography, respectively. While, 73 % of them examine the cows’ cyclicity when evaluating uterine involution. A substantial proportion of veterinarians included monitoring feed, milk quality/mammary disease, and livestock diseases, in their regular visits. The dairy farmers must be advised of the economic benefits of routine fertility monitoring to achieve good herd reproductive traits.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived septum swing index detects pulmonary hypertension: A diagnostic study
Authors: He Miao , Jiang Rong , Fei-Sun  , Cao Jing-Xue , Wang Lan , Shi Jing-Yun
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

Because of pressure differences between the pulmonary artery and aorta, the ventricular septum moves in a swinging motion that is commonly observed on cardiac MR (CMR) cine sequences in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to assess the use of septum swing index (SSI) derived by CMR for detecting PH.

Methods

We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with suspected PH who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and CMR at a PH referral center between July 2019 and December 2020. The diagnostic accuracy of SSI for identifying PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP] ≥ 25 mmHg) was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Results

A total of 105 patients (mean age: 47.8 ± 15.0 years; 68 females) were included in the final analysis. SSI and mPAP were negatively correlated in the total study population and patients with PH, but not in patients without PH. SSI was an independent predictor of PH (adjusted odds ratio: 12.9, 95% confidence interval: 3.6 to 45.5, P = 0.003). The area under the curve for SSI was 0.91, with a cut-off value of 0.9673 yielding the best balance of sensitivity (86.4%), specificity (88.2%), positive predictive value (97.4%), negative predictive value (55.6%), and accuracy (86.7%) for detecting PH.

Conclusions

Septum swing index was lower in patients with PH and is a simple, reliable method for detecting PH.
Development, in-house validation and application of a method using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the quantification of 12 ergot alkaloids in compound feeds
Authors: Kowalczyk Ewelina , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are toxic substances naturally produced by Claviceps fungi. These fungi infest a wide range of cereals and grasses. When domestic animals are exposed to EAs through contaminated feeds, it is detrimental to them and leads to significant economic losses. For that reason, it is important to monitor feed for the presence of EAs, especially with methods enabling their determination in processed materials.

Material and Methods

Ergot alkaloids were extracted with acetonitrile, and dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) was used for clean-up of the extracts. After evaporation, the extracts were reconstituted in ammonium carbonate and acetonitrile and subjected to instrumental analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, robustness, matrix effect, limits of quantification and detection and uncertainty. The EA content of 40 compound feeds was determined.

Results

All the assessed validation parameters fulfilled the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2021/808. At least one of the monitored alkaloids was determined in 40% of the samples. The EAs with the highest incidence rate were ergocryptine, ergometrinine and ergocornine. The total concentrations of EAs ranged from under the limit of quantification to 62.3 μg kg−1.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that the developed method was suitable for simultaneously determining twelve EAs in compound feed and could be used for routine analysis.
Industrial Solid Waste Management in a Metallurgical Plant: Effects of Environmental Rearrangement and Feedback
Authors: Maia Natalia Novais , Haydu Verônica Bender , Sampaio Angelo Augusto Silva
Published: December 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a contingency arrangement (environmental rearrangement and feedback presentation) in a metallurgical company to increase the likelihood of proper disposal and separation of industrial solid waste.
 
Theoretical Framework: The incorrect disposal of solid waste in companies produces a series of environmental damages and significantly hampers the effectiveness of reverse logistics.
 
Method: Two owners and all employees of a metallurgical company in Paraná, Brazil, participated. The procedure consisted of three stages: (1) analysis and detailed description of the current disposal conditions before the intervention; (2) strategic rearrangement of containers for waste disposal location, accompanied by a weekly record of the types of waste discarded during the intervention; and (3) installation of informative signs providing monthly feedback on the quantity of waste discarded.
 
Results and Conclusion: The structural rearrangement of the environment, with the strategic placement of containers in easily accessible locations and the inclusion of signs identifying the types of waste in each of them, coupled with regular feedback on the quantity of waste disposal from the metallurgical plant, resulted in a highly effective management of solid waste in the company. We concluded that the intervention improved the company’s industrial solid waste management and expanded the reverse logistics practice.
 
Implications of the Research: The intervention contributed to local-level management, which could inspire similar changes in the socio-environmental management practices of other organizations.
 
Originality/value: The study contributes to scientific advancement by proposing the contingency arrangement based on Behavior Analysis principles.
Assessing Resident Satisfaction: A Study of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery Training Program in the Riyadh Region, Saudi Board
Authors: Alenezi Mazyad , Alanazi Hessa , Alzahrani Yara , Alhajri Samar , Alarifi Nasser , Alotaibi Lamya , Hussamuldin Abdulrahman , Althamin Maryam
Published: December 2023

Background: Residents of Saudi broad Otorhinolaryngology experience some level of anxiety and concern about their future in the program. We aim to determine the level of satisfaction of Saudi otolaryngology residents with the training program.
Methods
This cross-sectional study focused on Otorhinolaryngology surgery residents in Riyadh. Data collection involved administering paper questionnaires to 41 residents during July and August 2023 to gauge overall satisfaction. Subsequently, collected data underwent meticulous clearance, coding, and entry utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Prior to participation, explicit permission was sought and obtained from the residents, assuring them that their information would solely be utilized for scientific purposes. This ethical approach emphasizes the study\'s commitment to respecting participants\' privacy and maintaining the integrity of the collected data
Result: Among the studied subjects, 41 residents completed the questionnaire; the majority of participants were males (61%), and the ages were above 27 years old (63.4%). The majority of the residents (58.54%) were satisfied with their training in the Saudi Board of Otorhinolaryngology program; 24.39% were neutral; however, 17.7% were dissatisfied with the program. Most of the residents (43.9%) found the educational curriculum in their Otorhinolaryngology surgery program satisfactory, with a significant p-value (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Our results indicate that the majority of the residents were satisfied; there was only a minor degree of dissatisfaction with the local otorhinolaryngology training. They would benefit from stress-management programs to deal with the stress related to the workload.
Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Academic Performance Among Saudi Medical Students at ''KSAU-HS'' and KSU Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Tarig , Masaudi Emad , Kambal Marawa , Alsubaii Abdullah , Sharahili Ahmed , Alharbi Abdulmajeed , Alzaid Naif , Alnutaifi Faisal
Published: December 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the sleep patterns and frequency of nighttime sleep among male and female medical students in KSAU-HS and KSU and to assess the association between sleep duration and academic performance (final GPA).
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire targeting medical students from KSAU-HS and KSU, Riyadh. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) survey was used to assess sleep deprivation.
Results:
A total of 243 participants were included in the study. Most participants 187 (77%) were males, 171 (70.4%) were from KSAU-HS, 95 (39.1%) were 6th year students. The most frequently reported grade was B (27.6%) participants. Almost 87 (35.8%) had a GPA of 4-4.5. In regards to the components of PSQI; the mean global PSQI score was found to be 9.30±3.64. The vast majority (95.1%) had poor sleep quality. Sleep efficiency was found to be less than 65% for the vast majority (98.4%) of the participants. Academic performance was found to be significantly associated with sleep duration. University and academic year were found to be significantly associated with sleep quality (p-value= 0.02 and 0.003 respectively). Participants from KSAU-HS University and 6th year students had better sleep quality.
Conclusion:
Poor PSQI scores and sleep quality among study participants were found. The sleep duration score was low as compared to that in parallel studies. Poor academic performance was significantly associated with poor sleep quality according to PSQI scores.
Paracetamol versus Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Acute Pain in Trauma Management: Systemic Review
Authors: Alenazi Abdulmajeed , Alanazi Abdulaziz , Alshammari Dhari , Alanazi Abdulaziz , Alanazi Sulaiman , Alenezi Abdulhamid , Alanazi Abdullah , Alenzi Rakan , Alanezi Haneen , Alanazi Fahad , Alanazi Abdulelah
Published: December 2023

Background: Effective pain management is essential for patient recovery and quality of life. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used analgesics, but their comparative efficacy remains debated. Objective: To systematically review and compare the efficacy of paracetamol and NSAIDs in various pain scenarios. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases, primarily using PubMed. The search yielded studies that compared paracetamol to any NSAID in human trials. Following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies with 3,038 participants were finally included in the review. Results:
Paracetamol demonstrated comparable efficacy to NSAIDs in multiple scenarios such as post-trauma, post-partial Mastectomy Pain, and migraine in children. While, in certain situations like postoperative pain after Day-Case Operative Hysteroscopy, Pain Post-Total Hip Arthroplasty, and Pain during Rapid Maxillary Expansion, NSAIDs showcased superior efficacy. In some cases, however, such as renal colic, conflicting study evidence was presented. Moreover, in acute settings when administered I.V., paracetamol was slightly more effective. Finally, the combination of NSAIDs with paracetamol did not always offer enhanced analgesic effects. Conclusion: The choice between paracetamol and NSAIDs should be based on the specific clinical scenario and patient needs. While paracetamol is often seen as a safer option, NSAIDs play a vital role in pain management in certain conditions. Generally, due to its safety profile and less GIT and CVS complications, paracetamol should be preferred in pain management as first-line agent, especially in mild cases before moving to NSAIDS in more moderate to severe cases. The route of administration can also affect the analgesic\'s efficacy with the IV route showing higher efficacy. The findings highlight the potential for reducing opioid use by optimizing the use of non-opioids.
Public knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Helicobacter pylori infection in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhawajah Amnah , Buali Hadeel , Alzahrani Mohammed , Almubarak Zahra , Alzahrani Yahya , Alzahrani Abdullah , Alnami Ibrahim , Elsheikh Eman
Published: December 2023

Objective:
This study assessed Saudi Arabia\'s general public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours about H. pylori infection.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August' 2023 and included 1,164 participants of the Saudi population. Data for the study were gathered through the utilization of a well-structured questionnaire.
Results:
Almost 703 participants (60.4%) had good knowledge of H. Pylori, while 461 (39.6%) had poor knowledge. Two factors were found to be significantly associated with knowledge including age (P=0.001) and regional differences (P=0.001). Around 66.7% participants aged 46-50 years and 75% from the Northern region demonstrated a good knowledge. Family and friends were the participants\' most common source of information (34.4%), while mass media was the least used source (3.9%).
Conclusion:
Most participants had a reasonable understanding of the H. pylori infection. Nonetheless, there were some knowledge gaps among certain regions. The study findings highlighted the importance of implementing targeted education programs to address the identified knowledge gaps.
Pediatric career decision: A literature review of motivational factors
Authors: Alqanatish Jubran , Alfadhel Abdulmajeed , Albelali Areej , Alqahtani Dhafer
Published: December 2023

PUnless decision-makers for the future pediatric workforce are aware of different factors that influence career choices of candidates, they may not be able to meet the needs of this major specialty. Pediatricians should be perceptive, effective communicators, and endlessly patient with the children. In this article, we conducted a thorough literature search to explore factors affecting career choices among undergraduate and postgraduate students who choose pediatrics or pediatric subspecialties. We assessed the similarities and differences in decision-making in pediatric, medicine, surgery, and orthopedic career contexts to help the candidates in ranking their career options. Authors found that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the career choices of those seeking to work in pediatrics or pediatric subspecialties. A well-structured career development curriculum and clinical experience are considered the most important extrinsic factors, whereas personal characteristics of the candidate and career needs are considered the most important intrinsic factors. These factors may vary across specialties, and even between different subspecialties within the same major specialty. Some factors are considered very important, while others are deemed less so in comparison. The role of mentoring in career selection is crucial. It has been documented in a sizable body of literature that residents are inspired to pursue the careers of their mentors. Pediatrics is no exception. The decision to pursue a subspecialty training is complex and is affected by multiple factors. Those engaged in managing the workforce of the future in the field of pediatrics must familiarize themselves with the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the candidates' career choices.
Garlic: a potential food allergen?
Authors: Hellu Tasha S. , Schuldt Meredith M. , Gomez Robert A. , Adams Karla E.
Published: December 2023

Background: Garlic, Allium sateevum, is one of the most commonly used spices worldwide but a rare cause of immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergy. Six garlic proteins have been associated with sensitization. Alliin lyase has been classified as the major garlic allergen
and demonstrated to be heat labile. Thus, some patients with garlic allergy have reported the ability to ingest cooked garlic without symptoms. Methods: We report two cases of patients with reaction to garlic, the first to both raw and cooked garlic, and the second to only
raw but not cooked garlic. We further examined the proteins found in raw, cooked, and powdered garlic by Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), then assessed the patients’ sera for IgE to these proteins with immunoblot. Results: We confirmed
that most garlic proteins, to include alliin lyase are degraded with heat and discovered that garlic powder is most consistent with raw garlic on SDS-PAGE. In addition, we corroborated the potential for binding of serum IgE to a rare garlic allergen at ∼70 kDa and demonstrated its heat
lability for the first time with immunoblot. Conclusion: These findings would suggest that patients with garlic allergy could ingest cooked garlic without symptoms but not raw or powdered forms. However, our patient with garlic sensitization reported symptoms with both
raw and cooked garlic, which further illustrated the need for further studies.