bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELEMEN FISIK PEMBENTUK PUSAT KOTA JEPARA BERDASARKAN PETA MENTAL MASYARAKAT
Authors: Ramadan Muhammad Bagas , Sari Suzana Ratih , Pandelaki Edward E.
Published: August 2019

Abstract: City’s imagery formation consist of physical elements that can be seen in terms of function, location, shape, magnitude, uniqueness, character. The exploratory of image forming elements is one of the important keys to get a positive image of the city. By using the community mental map method based on Lynch's theory, this study is expected to be able to purify the elements that make up the image of Jepara city that are built through people's perceptions, experiences, imagination and feelings. This study used qualitative research with exploration method, in order to understand the physical elements forming the city center, since the informant must freely provide an understanding of the meaning of the object that would represent the physical element forming the center of Jepara. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the physical elements forming the central image of the city of Jepara are physical elements formed through the of the objects that make up the physical elements forming the image of the city of Jepara which are are arranged through physical objects Alun - Alun, Pendopo, SCJ (Jepara Culinary Place), Kaliwiso Bridge, Kaliwiso River, Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Wolter Monginsidi, Chinatown.Keywords: Physical elements, mental maps, Jepara Abstrak: Pembentukan citra dari kota dibangun elemen fisik yang dapat dilihat dari segi fungsi, lokasi, bentuk, besaran, keunikan, karakter. Penggalian elemen pembentuk citra merupakan salah satu kunci penting untuk mendapat citra yang positif dari kota. Jepara merupakan kota dalam proses berkembang menguatkan citra dalam kotanya. Dengan menggunakan metode peta mental masyarakat berdasarkan teori Lynch, penelitian ini diharapkan akan dapat mengerucutkan elemen yang menjadi pembentuk citra kota Jepara yang dibangun melalui persepsi, pengalaman, imajinasi dan perasaan masyarakatnya. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara eksplorasi,karena untuk memahami elemen fisik pembentuk pusat kota informan harus secara bebas memberikan pemahaman makna terhadap obyek yang akan mewakili elemen fisik pembentuk pusat kota Jepara. Berdasarkan pada hasil analisis maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa elemen fisik pembentuk citra pusat kota jepara adalah Elemen fisik dibentuk melalui fungsi atau cara kerja dari obyek – obyek yang menyusun elemen fisik pembentuk citra kota jepara. Elemen fisik pembentuk citra pusat kota jepara disusun melalui obyek – obyek fisik  Alun - Alun, Pendopo, SCJ(Tempat Kuliner Jepara), Jembatan Kaliwiso, Sungai Kaliwiso, Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Wolter Monginsidi, Pecinan.Kata Kunci: Elemen fisik, peta mental,  Jepara.
AKTIVITAS WISATA RELIGI DALAM PERUBAHAN PERMUKIMAN DI KAWASAN BERSEJARAH MENARA KUDUS
Authors: Adiyati Arlina , Sardjono Agung Budi , Murtini Titin Woro
Published: August 2019

Abstract: Menara Kudus area is a settlement of urban villages that has own characteristics and urban embryo of Kudus city. Many traditional houses and ancient buildings can be found in there as a historical area. But, Menara Kudus area continues to develop into a religious tourism area that makes the process changes physically and non-physically. The purpose of this study is to find out what changes occur in Menara Kudus area and the underlying factors. A research method is qualitative explorative with informants as the main resource and uses purposive observation to sample selection. The results of this study indicate a public response to new activities by utilizing residential houses and their residential environment as business space in supporting religious tourism activities. The factors behind the change are increasing the number of visitors, the needs of tourist facilities, type of business space, and orientation of buildings following tourist routes. These changes have an impact on changes in the economy of society, lifestyle, and social society in the Menara Kudus area. But tourism activities are able to maintain the culture and traditions community because it is an interest in tourist visits.Keyword: changes, settlement, houses, religious tourism, historical area, Menara Kudus area.Abstrak: Kawasan Menara Kudus merupakan sebuah permukiman masyarakat kampung kota yang memiliki ciri khas tersendiri dan cikal bakal berdirinya kota Kudus. Banyak rumah-rumah tradisional dan bangunan kuno masih dapat ditemukan disana sehingga ditetapkan sebagai kawasan bersejarah. Namun sebagai kawasan permukiman kawasan Menara Kudus terus berkembang menjadi kawasan wisata religi sehingga mengalami proses perubahan secara fisik maupun non fisik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan apa saja yang terjadi di kawasan Menara Kudus dan faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang digali secara eksploratif dengan informan sebagai narasumber utama dan menggunakan pemilihan sampel amatan secara purposive. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya respon masyarakat terhadap aktivitas baru dengan memanfaatkan ruang rumah tinggal dan lingkungan permukiman mereka sebagai ruang usaha dalam mendukung aktivitas wisata religi. Faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan tersebut adalah adanya faktor peningkatan jumlah pengunjung, kebutuhan fasilitas wisata, perubahan jenis usaha yang dimiliki, dan perubahan arah orientasi bangunan mengikuti akses jalur wisata. Perubahan tersebut berdampak pada perubahan perekonomian masyarakat, gaya hidup, dan sosial kemasyarakatan di kawasan Menara Kudus. Namun aktivitas wisata religi mampu mempertahankan budaya dan tradisi adat istiadat leluhur karena menjadi minat bagi kunjungan wisatawan.Kata Kunci: perubahan, permukiman, rumah tinggal, wisata religi, kawasan bersejarah, kawasan Menara Kudus.
The Implementation of Teaching English (Case Study at Islamic Boarding School)
Authors: Rofi'i Agus
Published: August 2019

Introducing English earlier starts from elementary school is a bright idea, because Learning at young age will be more quickly and effectively than at adult because the child brain is particularly adaptable to language acquisition up to puberty. The writer has objectives concerning the teaching learning process, among other things are: the instructional material, the instructional media, method and technique used, and the students’ achievement. This research is qualitative research design, and the subjects of the research are the headmaster, the English teacher, and students. The result of the research has been shown in the research finding and has been discussed that (1) the instructional materials (2) the instructional media is important instrument to be used and interesting for students in teaching learning process; (3) the method used are direct method, total physical respond and grammar translation method, while the technique are songs, and dialogue; (4) the students’ achievement score is taken from the first semester examination. Finally, the conclusion of this research is that in holding the English as local content, while the material given, teaching media, method and technique used have been suitable with the theory although those should be improved again.
Trussmorphometric and meristic characters of kelabau fish (Osteochilus melanopleurus Bleeker, 1852) from three populations in Kampar, Siak, and Rokan Rivers, Riau Province
Authors: Asiah Nur , Sukendi Sukendi , Junianto Junianto , Yustiati Ayi , Windarti Windarti
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the morphometric and the meristic characters of the kelabau fish from the Siak, Kampar, and Rokan river populations that could be used as an initial step forconservation. A total of 113 kelabau from Kampar River, 58 fish from the Siak River and84 fishfrom the Rokan River was used in this study. Measurement of 21 morphological characters was conducted using a morphometric truss method. The analysis was carried out using a one-way ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis ( SPSS software). Meristiccharacteristics were analyzed descriptively for 30 fish per population. Results indicates that among 21 morphometrical characteristics, 19 characters shown a significant different (P <0.05) and 2 characters were not significantly different (P> 0.05). This result indicates that fish population from all sampling areas shown similar characteristics. The discriminant analysis results show that the specific characters of the O. melanopleurus were A5, A2, A6, B1and D4. Scatterplot results indicate that the Rokan River population was separate from the Siak and Kampar River populations, and the morphology of the fish from the Rokan River population was slightly different from those of the Siak and Kampar River population. The meristic characteristics of fish obtained from all sampling areas were relatively similar.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK DOSEN AKUNTANSI DAN PROFESIONALISME DOSEN AKUNTANSI TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI (Studi Tentang Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi di Universitas Pamulang Tahun Akademik 2015/2016)
Authors: Yulyanah Yulyanah
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine how to student's perception about the pedagogical competence of accounting lecturer in the learning process, whether there is significant influence between the pedagogic competence of accounting  lecturer and professioalism of accounting lecturer with learning motivation accounting student at the Pamulang University in academic year 2015/2016. This research uses descriptive method that involved 169 respondent by using questionnaires. Analyzed using a statistical simple regression analysis  (SPSS V.23). Result showed that the variables (pedagogical competence of accounting lecturer and professioalism of accounting lecturer) simultaneously positive effect on learning motivation. Keywords: pedagogical competence, professionalism, learning motivation
ANALISIS PENGARUH NET PROFIT MARGIN (NPM) RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) DAN EARNING PER SHARE (EPS) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Jusmansyah Muhamad
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the effect of Net Profit Margin, Return on Equity and Earning Per Share on Stock Price of manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in observation year 2012 - 2016.Using a linear regression analysis method is assisted with the use of the SPSS program version 23 which utilizes secondary data from a sample of 15 (fifteen) chemical industry sector group manufacturing companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012 to year period 2016. While the sampling method used is purposive sampling method. This study obtained the following results: (1) Net Profit Margin influential on Stock Price, (2) Return On Equity effect on Stock Price, (3) Earning Per Share effect on Stock Price, (4) ) The results of regression analysis simultaneously influenced the result that Earning Per Share effect on Stock Price. As for Net Profit Margin and Return on Equity does not affect the stock price. Keywords: NPM, ROE, EPS, on Stock Price.
ANALISIS ELEMEN-ELEMEN FRAUD PENTAGON SEBAGAI DETERMINAN FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING
Authors: Zulfa Khusnatul , Bayagub Amira
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims to examine the influence of externalxpressure, institutionalownership, xfinancial stability, xquality of external auditor, xchange inxauditor, change in director and frequentxnumber of CEO’s picture on the fraudulent financial reporting among the property and real estate firms listed in Indonesia stock exchange during 2014-2016. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the firms’ annual report which was accessed through www.idx.co.id. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. SPSS ver 2.0 was used to analyze the data. The samples were selected using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 41 property and real estate companies during 2014-2016. The results of variable test indicates that external pressure and change in director partially influences fraudulent financial reporting, while institutional ownership, financial stability, quality of external auditor, change in auditor, and frequent number of CEO’s picture partially does not influence fraudulent financial reporting. The Simultaneous test shows that external pressure, institutional ownership, financial stability, quality of external auditor, change in auditor, change in director and frequent number of CEO’s picture Keywords: External Pressure, Institutional Ownership, Financial Stability, Quality of External Auditor, Change in Auditor, Change in Director, Frequent Number of CEO’s Picture, Fraudulent Financial Reporting.
ANALISIS KOMPETENSI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PERHOTELAN
Authors: Kanah Kanah , Sumawidari Ida Ayu Ketut , Oka I Made Darma
Published: August 2019

AbstractHospitality Study Program of Bali State Polytechnic as vocational education institution always strives for the quality to fulfill the desired competence of the user (tourism industry). This study aims to analyze the student’s competence of Hospitality Studies Program in the user. Through this analysis it is expected the management able to take the solution in order to improve the competence of the graduates. The study was conducted on student’s semester VI who have been training in tourism industry. The sample was determined 107 people, using confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the three factors are attitude, knowledge, and skill had a significant influence to the achievement of the students' competency. The most dominant factor determining student competence is skill factor, followed by knowledge factor, and then an attitude factor. Thus, it is suggested to the management to emphasize the attitude factor in providing education and training at the campus in order to win an increasingly competitive competition. To the lecturers, especially the lecturers of professional ethics subjects, it is expected to further improve the discipline and attitude of the students so that they can fulfill the competence according to the expectations of the user.Keywords: Analysis, competence, student, userAbstrakProgram Studi Perhotelan Politeknik Negeri Bali sebagai lembaga pendidikan vokasi selalu berusaha agar mutu lulusannya mampu memenuhi kompetensi yang diinginkan pihak pengguna (industri pariwisata). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kompetensi mahasiswa Program Studi Perhotelan di industri pariwisata. Melalui analisis ini diharapkan pihak manajemen Program Studi Perhotelan mampu mengambil solusi guna dapat meningkatkan kompetensi lulusan. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa semester VI Program Studi Perhotelan yang telah dan sedang melaksanakan on the job training di industri pariwisata. Sampel penelitian ditetapkan sebanyak 107 orang, dengan menggunakan confirmatory factor analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga faktor baik faktor attitude, knowledge, maupun skill memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pencapaian kompetensi mahasiswa Program Studi Perhotelan. Faktor yang paling dominan menentukan kompetensi mahasiswa adalah faktor skill, disusul faktor knowledge, dan selanjutnya adalah faktor attitude. Dengan demikian disarankan kepada manajemen Program Studi Perhotelan Politeknik Negeri Bali untuk lebih menekankan pada faktor attitude dalam memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan di kampus Politeknik Negeri Bali guna mampu memenangi persaingan yang semakin kompetitif. Kepada para dosen Program Studi Perhotelan terutama dosen pengampu mata kuliah etika profesi, diharapkan lebih meningkatkan disiplin serta sikap/attitude mahasiswa sehingga mampu memenuhi kompetensi sesuai harapan dari pihak pengguna (industri pariwisata)..Kata kunci: Analisis, kompetensi, mahasiswa, industri pariwisata
Dexmedetomidine infusions and phenobarbital in the treatment of an unusual presentation of benzodiazepine-resistant alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Shah Neil
Published: August 2019

Background: Alcohol withdrawal is a life-threatening condition characterized by a myriad of physiologic changes including tachycardia, hypertension, lowered seizure threshold, hallucinations, and potential for delirium tremens. Benzodiazepines remain the gold standard for treatment of alcohol withdrawal, although few studies have compared barbiturates to benzodiazepines as first-line treatment.
Methods: This study is a single patient chart review.
Results: Over the course of his hospital stay, in addition to receiving a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, the patient received a total of 389 mg lorazepam, 650 mg phenobarbital, 40 mg haloperidol, 25 mg quetiapine, 5 mg midazolam, and 75 mg diphenhydramine.
Conclusion: Phenobarbital is an effective first line agent for management of alcohol withdrawal and may be a safer and more effective treatment with lower rates of intubation and shorter hospital stays than benzodiazepines. It is particularly successful in patients who require high doses of benzodiazepines or ICU admission. Furthermore, the role of dexmedetomidine infusions in alcohol withdrawal remains unclear but may play a critical role in mitigating tachycardia and hypertension though it poses a risk of bradycardia and hypotension.
Keywords: Alcohol withdrawal, Dexmedetomidine, Precedex, Phenobarbital, Ativan, Lorazepam, CIWA, GABA channel.
Social Media, External Prestige and Students’ Attitude towards Postgraduate Enrollment
Authors: Simiyu Gabriel , Komen Joyce , Bonuke Ronald
Published: August 2019

Purpose- This paper aimed to determine the conditional effect of University reputation on the indirect process of external prestige on the relationship between social media and students’ attitude towards postgraduate enrollment.
Design/Methodology- The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, multistage random sampling in collecting data using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample size was 504 students from four universities in Kenya.
Findings- Outcome indicates a partial indirect effect of social media and students’ attitude via external prestige. It further reveals a conditional effect of university reputation on the link between; social media and external prestige, and, external prestige and students' attitude. Finally, a test of the conditional indirect process is also confirmed.
Practical Implications- Results of the study might help university managers and policymakers in developing effective strategies, policies, and techniques to attract potential students through social media platforms and also develop and strengthen university prestige and reputation through proper management of resources, social responsibility, and employment of qualified academic staff.
Originality/value- The study findings bring new understanding concerning the indirect effect, the conditional process and highlight new insights on identifying mechanisms that exert a conditional effect on the indirect paths of the study variables.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMP MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Alisa Yulia , Yennita Yennita , Irawati Sri
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran, serta hasil belajar siswa dengan penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini di lakukan selama dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah peneliti yang berperan sebagai guru dan seluruh siswa kelas VII1 SMPN 14 Kota Bengkulu. Instrumen penelitian yang di gunakan adalah lembar observasi yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas guru dan siswa, serta lembar tes yang di gunakan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar IPA siswa. Hasil analisis data observasi aktivitas guru siklus I diperoleh skor rata-rata 30,6 (Baik) dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 31,6 (Baik). Untuk hasil analisis data observasi aktivitas siswa juga mengalami peningkatan, dimana pada siklus I diperoleh skor rata-rata 30,6 (Baik), sedangkan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 31 (Baik). Untuk persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal yang diperoleh siswa pada siklus I yaitu 70,6% (Tidak tuntas) meningkat menjadi 88,2% (Tuntas) disiklus II.Kata kunci :  Problem Based Learning (PBL), Aktivitas Guru, Aktivitas Siswa, Hasil Belajar
Kontseptsiya allostaza i adaptatsiiya cheloveka na Severe
Authors: Krivoshchekov S G , Belisheva N K , Nikolaeva E I , Vergunov E G , Martynova A A , Elnikova O E , Prjanichnikov S V , Anufriev G N , Balioz N V
Published: August 2019

The age dynamic of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity of autonomous nervous system (ANS) in the heart rate (HR) regulation is considered in the article from the perspective of allostasis theory. Two groups of people are compared: working residents of Arctic region (aged from 20 till 75 years old, divided in 10-years age cohorts, total 267 people) and working residents of the Central Part of Russia (116 people). The model of allostatic influence on the organism's regulatory systems in the process of adaptation to the conditions of high latitudes is studied compared to clustered data of HR analysis recorded in the background. The model of allostasis implies to support an organism's inner stability not from the perspective of body balance control but through changes preservation according to external conditions. «The adaptation cost» as a result of allostaric load is described by means of peculiarities of HR regulation in indifferent groups of surveyed. A method of human adaptation potential assessment by means of the analysis of ANS parasympathetic parts contribution to HR regulation is rested and discussed in the article. This approach allows to reveal risk group candidates for adaptation process breakdown.
SISTEM MONITORING DAN CONTROLLING PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS (TB) BERBASIS WEB INTERAKTIF
Authors: Hayurani Herika , Hartanti Fenny Desri
Published: August 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The aims of this research are to develop a web-based application that can facilitate TB Care personnel to manage and visualize the data of patients and cadres. TB care is a community-based organization to prevent TB in Indonesia. The prevention and treatment of TB can be achieved with the cooperation of society. In order to ensure the achievement of the objectives, so the participation of cadre is expected. Cadre is a member of the community who volunteered to assist the TB control program and have been trained to look into an environment that has symptoms of TB. This research is a participation that takes a part in dealing with TB disease control. This research was conducted using methodology that consists of literature study, identification of needs, system design, system implementation, and system testing. This research produces a system that tested to user using User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) analysis. UEQ is a testing method using a questionnaire that has six categories: attractiveness, efficiency, perspicuity, dependability, stimulation, and novelty. The UEQ analysis shows that the system achieves an excellent average of these six categories.Keywords: Tuberculosis, monitoring and controlling TB system, User Experience QuestionnaireAbstrakTuberkulosis (TB) adalah suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi berbasis web yang dapat memudahkan petugas TB Care dalam mengelola serta memvisualisasikan data pasien dan kader. TB Care merupakan suatu lembaga berbasis komunitas dalam penanggulangan TB di Indonesia. Pencegahan dan pengobatan TB bisa tercapai dengan kerjasama berbagai pihak dalam masyarakat. Untuk memastikan tercapainya tujuan tersebut, maka diharapkan adanya kader kesehatan. Kader merupakan anggota masyarakat yang bekerja sukarela dalam membantu program penanggulangan TB dan sudah dilatih untuk mencari suspek TB. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu bentuk partisipasi turut serta dalam menangani pengendalian penyakit TB. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak, yang terdiri dari tahap studi literatur, identifikasi kebutuhan, desain sistem, implementasi sistem, dan pengujian sistem. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem yang kemudian diuji menggunakan analisis User Experience Questionaire (UEQ). UEQ merupakan sebuah metode pengujian dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang memiliki enam kategori yaitu daya tarik, efisiensi, kejelasan, ketepatan, stimulasi, dan kebaruan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem ini mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sangat baik dari setiap kategori dalam analisis UEQ.Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis, sistem monitoring dan controlling TB, User Experience Questionnaire
Fast Tonotopy Mapping of the Rat Auditory Cortex With a Custom-Made Electrode Array
Authors: LINDOVSKÝ J. , PYSANENKO K. , POPELÁŘ J. , SYKA J.
Published: August 2019

We present a custom-made multielectrode array for the recording of evoked potentials during acute experiments in rats, which offers a quick and reliable estimation of the cortical tonotopy. The array consists of electrodes represented by insulated copper wires of 0.09 mm diameter fixed in epoxy resin in a 3 x 5 arrangement, with final impedances of 410-800 kOhm. The array was placed on the brain surface of anesthetized rats approximately at the location of the auditory cortex (AC) and the cortical evoked potentials (middle-latency responses, MLR) were elicited by a series of tone pips of different frequencies at 50 dB of sound pressure level (SPL) intensity. The frequency that evoked the highest MLR amplitude (best frequency, BF) was identified for each electrode. The obtained distribution of the BFs characterized the cortical tonotopy, and it correlated with the frequency selectivity of neurons recorded at the same positions by an extracellular microelectrode. Although the space resolution of the array did not allow for the identification of AC sub regions, the array proved to be a reliable tool for a quick estimation and prediction of areas of interest for the subsequent measurements of neurons by more precise techniques.
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diagnosis on the Corneal Cell Densities and Nerve Fibers
Authors: ČESKÁ BURDOVÁ M. , KULICH M. , DOTŘELOVÁ D. , MAHELKOVÁ G.
Published: August 2019

Relation of diabetes mellitus (DM) to the various stages of corneal nerve fiber damage is well accepted. A possible association between changes in the cornea of diabetic patients and diabetic retinopathy (DR), DM duration, and age at the time of DM diagnosis were evaluated. The study included 60 patients with DM type 1 (DM1) and 20 healthy control subjects. The density of basal epithelial cells, keratocytes and endothelial cells, and the status of the subbasal nerve fibers were evaluated using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Basal epithelial cell density increased with age (p=0.026), while stromal and endothelial cell density decreased with age (p=0.003, p=0.0005, p<0.0001). After the DM1 diagnosis was established, this association with age weaken. We showed nerve fiber damage in DM1 patients (p˂0.0001). The damage correlated with the degree of DR. DM1 patients with higher age at DM1 diagnosis had a higher nerve fiber density (p=0.0021). These results indicated that age at DM1 diagnosis potentially has an important effect on final nerve fiber and corneal cell density.
Deformasi Permanen dan Modulus Resilien Campuran AC-BC Modified Menggunakan Aspal Multigrade
Authors: Yofianti Desy
Published: August 2019

Multigrade asphalt use is an alternative method for handling road deterioration problem, e.g. a rutting, due to the repetitive traffic load and high pressure from vehicle wheels. In addition, the multigrade asphalt has been widely used to reduce temperature sensitivity of the asphalt mixture in flexible pavement due to an unpredictable climate change. Rutting is also caused by the accumulation of permanent deformations from all layers in the pavement structure. This study aims to analyze the permanent deformation value and the resilient modulus of an Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) modified mixture through the use of multigrade asphalt. The Wheel Tracking Test and UMATTA Test were used to test the specimens. The Tests on samples were carried out at temperatures of 35oC and 50oC. The results showed that the permanent deformation value of the AC-BC with multigrade asphalt had a better deformation resistance than the 60/70 pen bitumen mixture at 35oC. At the temperature of 50oC, the multigrade asphalt mixture had a smaller permanent deformation value (0.92 mm) compared to the 60/70 pen bitumen mixture. At the temperature of 35oC, multigrade asphalt mixture had a resilient modulus value of 1.04 times greater than the 60/70 pen bitumen mixture and at the temperature of 50oC, this mixture had a resilient modulus value of 1.16 times greater than the 60/70 pen bitumen mixture. Therefore, this study concluded that the increase/decrease of value of permanent deformation and resilient modulus were influenced by the temperature and types of asphalt in the mixture.
Intense Breeding within Lentil Landraces for High-Yielding Pure Lines Sustained the Seed Quality Characteristics
Authors: Ninou Elissavet , Papathanasiou Fokion , Vlachostergios Dimitrios N. , Mylonas Ioannis , Kargiotidou Anastasia , Pankou Chrysanthi , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Sinapidou Evangelia , Tokatlidis Ioannis
Published: August 2019

Landraces are a valuable source of genetic variability for breeders to develop high-yielding lentil varieties. Apart from productivity, simultaneous breeding for lentil seed nutritional quality is of paramount importance for wider lentil consumption. This work examined the indirect effect of single plant selection for high yield on important seed quality traits within three Greek lentil landraces (“Elassona” (EL), “Lefkada” (L), and “Evros” (EV)). The breeding methodology applied was proved to help either maintain or improve such characteristics in the high-yielding second-cycle lines (SLs) selected. Compared to the parental landrace “Elassona”, the high-yielding lines showed increased crude fiber by 30–110%; the line 2-SL-EL-6 had higher starch content by 3.9% and reduced cooking time by 6.67 min, while the 2-SL-EL-10 line had higher crude fiber by 73%. In the case of “Lefkada”, the high-yielding lines selected maintained the protein content present in the parental landrace, apart from the 2-SL-L-1 where a decrease by 5% was recorded; however, most of them showed increased crude fiber (5.59–7.52%) in comparison with the parental landrace (4.65%). Finally, in relation to the “Evros” parental landrace, the 2-SL-EV-3 and 2-SL-EV-4 showed higher crude fiber and reduced cooking time. This study provides evidence that proper management of genetic variability could improve productivity without compromising or sometimes improving some seed quality traits.
A Precision Agriculture Approach for Durum Wheat Yield Assessment Using Remote Sensing Data and Yield Mapping
Authors: Toscano Piero , Castrignanò Annamaria , Di Gennaro Salvatore Filippo , Vonella Alessandro Vittorio , Ventrella Domenico , Matese Alessandro
Published: August 2019

The availability of big data in agriculture, enhanced by free remote sensing data and on-board sensor-based data, provides an opportunity to understand within-field and year-to-year variability and promote precision farming practices for site-specific management. This paper explores the performance in durum wheat yield estimation using different technologies and data processing methods. A state-of-the-art data cleaning technique has been applied to data from a yield monitoring system, giving a good agreement between yield monitoring data and hand sampled data. The potential use of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images in precision agriculture for within-field production variability is then assessed, and the optimal time for remote sensing to relate to durum wheat yield is also explored. Comparison of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) with yield monitoring data reveals significant and highly positive linear relationships (r ranging from 0.54 to 0.74) explaining most within-field variability for all the images acquired between March and April. Remote sensing data analyzed with these methods could be used to assess durum wheat yield and above all to depict spatial variability in order to adopt site-specific management and improve productivity, save time and provide a potential alternative to traditional farming practices.
Using Hyperspectral and Multispectral Indices to Detect Water Stress for an Urban Turfgrass System
Authors: Badzmierowski Mike J. , McCall David S. , Evanylo Gregory
Published: August 2019

Spectral reflectance measurements collected from hyperspectral and multispectral radiometers have the potential to be a management tool for detecting water and nutrient stress in turfgrass. Hyperspectral radiometers collect hundreds of narrowband reflectance data compared to multispectral radiometers that collect three to ten broadband reflectance data for a cheaper cost. Spectral reflectance data have been used to create vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the simple ratio vegetation index (RVI) to assess crop growth, density, and fertility. Other indices such as the water band index (WBI) (narrowband index) and green-to-red ratio index (GRI) (both broadband and narrowband index) have been proposed to predict soil moisture status in turfgrass systems. The objective of this study was to compare the value of multispectral and hyperspectral radiometers to assess soil volumetric water content (VWC) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) responses. The multispectral radiometer VI had the strongest relationships to turfgrass quality, biomass, and tissue N accumulation during the trial period (April 2017–August 2018). Soil VWC had the strongest relationship to WBI (r = 0.60), followed by GRI and NDVI (both r = 0.54) for the 0% evapotranspiration (ET). Nonlinear regression showed strong relationships at high water stress periods in each year for WBI (r = 0.69–0.79), GRI (r = 0.64–0.75), and NDVI (r = 0.58–0.79). Broadband index data collected using a mobile multispectral sensor is a cheaper alternative to hyperspectral radiometry and can provide better spatial coverage.
The Effect of Sows’ and Piglets’ Behaviour on Piglet Crushing Patterns in Two Different Farrowing Pen Systems
Authors: Nicolaisen Thies , Lühken Eyke , Volkmann Nina , Rohn Karl , Kemper Nicole , Fels Michaela
Published: August 2019

Pens with farrowing crate (FC) and two differently designed free-farrowing pens (LH-pens: 7.3 m², plastic flooring; GH-pens: 5 m², cast-iron and concrete flooring) were compared regarding piglet losses and postpartum sow behaviour (all treatments) and reasons for piglet crushing and postpartum litter behaviour (LH and GH). One-hundred-and-three crushing events were analysed in eight batches concerning sows’ posture changes that crushed piglets and age of crushed piglets. Posture change frequency, amounts of single posture changes and total time spent in different body postures were evaluated for 41 sows (14 FC-sows, 13 LH-sows and 14 GH-sows) in six batches. Litter behaviour (location, active/inactive scoring, resting behaviour next to the sow) was analysed during sows’ posture changes and piglet crushing. Piglet mortality was higher in LH (25.6%) and GH (19.9%) compared to FC (12.3%) due to higher levels of piglet crushing. Most crushing occurred during the three days postpartum in LH (92.7%) and GH (83.9%). However, crushing patterns differed between LH (rolling: 68.2%; sit-to-lie: 18.2%; stand-to-lie: 11.4%) and GH (rolling: 38.2%; sit-to-lie: 30.9%; stand-to-lie: 16.4%) and varying piglet behaviour may be the cause for this. The postpartum period was characterized by inactivity of the sow and behavioural differences were rarely seen between systems.
Coagulation Traits of Sheep and Goat Milk
Authors: Pazzola Michele
Published: August 2019

Milk production from sheep and goat species is continuously growing worldwide, and its main use is for cheesemaking. Given that the final quality of cheese is linked to the traits of raw milk cheese yield at dairy plants, it is often calculated by using predictive formulas based on fat and protein content. Predictive formulas have been studied for bovine milk and are very effective but not appropriate for sheep and goat milk. Several methods, which simulate the actual coagulation processes, are available at the laboratories. This article reviews the available literature about rennet coagulation and cheese yield traits from sheep and goat milk and the methods used at the laboratory level. In general, if compared to cow milk, sheep and goat milk are characterized by shorter rennet coagulation times and a very limited amount of non-coagulating samples. Curd firmness of sheep milk is almost independent from the rennet coagulation time, and some coagulation traits can be predicted by infrared spectra. In addition, coagulation traits are characterized by appropriate values of heritability to be considered in selective breeding plans. With regard to goat milk, rennet coagulation time and cheese yield are strongly influenced by the breed effect.
Effects of Enriched Charcoal as Permanent 0.2% Feed-Additive in Standard and Low-Protein Diets of Male Fattening Turkeys: An On-Farm Study
Authors: Hinz Katharina , Stracke Jenny , Schättler Jule Katrin , Kemper Nicole , Spindler Birgit
Published: August 2019

Wet litter is the most important cause of footpad dermatitis in poultry, this in turn being a highly relevant animal-related welfare indicator. This field study was subdivided into two experiments. In Experiment 1, the standard diet was supplemented by 0.2% enriched charcoal, being a non-specific absorber and therefore might be promising in reducing faecal moisture. In Experiment 2, the experimental group received a reduced crude protein diet during weeks 6–13, combined with a 0.2% enriched charcoal supplementation. The trials were each conducted with two batches on three farms under on-farm conditions. The animals were observed at 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks of age to collect data on body weight and different health parameters. The mortality and litter samples were analysed after slaughtering. In Experiment 1, performance and health were not affected despite higher dry matter content of the litter. In Experiment 2, the weight of birds receiving the protein-reduced diet was decreased significantly throughout the experiment. However, the slaughter weight did not differ. The mortality was reduced by 0.5% in the experimental group. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.2% of enriched charcoal is not a valuable feed-additive regarding animal health, while temporary protein reduction might have positive effects.
Water Stress, Irrigation and Concentrations of Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Phenols in Olea europaea L. cv. Picual Olive Trees
Authors: Jiménez-Herrera Raquel , Pacheco-López Beatriz , Peragón Juan
Published: August 2019

Pentacyclic triterpenes and phenols are two types of bioactive molecules found in olive trees that have important activities related to health and disease prevention. Triterpenes, including oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, erythrodiol and uvaol, show antitumoral activities, and phenols such as oleuropein, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol are natural antioxidants. The concentration of these metabolites is considered a marker of the quality of olives and olive oil. In recent years, a lack of rain water has caused important economic losses relating to olive trees grown in Jaén, Spain. In this work, we investigated the effect of water stress by drought on the concentration of pentacyclic triterpenes and phenols in the fruits, leaves, stems and roots of cv. Picual olive trees, by comparing the concentration found in water-stressed versus irrigated plants. We used HPLC-UV/Vis and HPLC-MS to identify and determine the concentration of each individual compound. Our results showed that important changes in the concentration of these compounds are produced in response to water stress in different organs. The total content of most of these compounds in the fruits was significantly reduced, affecting their quality and production.
Experimental Study on Rock-Like Specimens with Single Flaw under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
Authors: Xing Jinquan , Zhao Cheng , Yu Songbo , Matsuda Hiroshi , Ma Chuangchuang
Published: August 2019

In order to study the mechanical characteristics and cracking behavior of jointed rock mass under hydro-mechanical coupling, a series of uniaxial compression tests and triaxial compression tests were carried out on cylinder gypsum specimens with a single pre-existing flaw. Under different confining pressures, water pressure was injected on the pre-existing flaw surface through a water injection channel. The geometrical morphology and tensile or shear properties of the cracks were determined by X-ray computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the macro and micro observation, nine types of cracks that caused the specimen failure are summarized. The results of mechanical properties and crack behavior showed that the confining pressure inhibited the tensile cracks, and shear failure occurred under high confining pressure. The water pressure facilitated the initiation and extension of tensile crack, which made the specimens prone to tensile failure. However, under the condition of high confining pressure and low water pressure, the lubrication effect had a significant effect on the failure pattern, under which the specimens were prone to shear failure. This experimental research on mechanical properties and cracking behavior under hydro-mechanical coupling is expected to increase its fundamental understanding.
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Using Aspect Map
Authors: Noh Yunseok , Park Seyoung , Park Seong-Bae
Published: August 2019

Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is the task of classifying the sentiment of a specific aspect in a text. Because a single text usually has multiple aspects which are expressed independently, ABSA is a crucial task for in-depth opinion mining. A key point of solving ABSA is to align sentiment expressions with their proper target aspect in a text. Thus, many recent neural models have applied attention mechanisms to learning the alignment. However, it is problematic to depend solely on attention mechanisms to achieve this, because most sentiment expressions such as “nice” and “bad” are too general to be aligned with a proper aspect even through an attention mechanism. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)-based aspect-level sentiment classification model, which consists of two CNNs. Because sentiment expressions relevant to an aspect usually appear near the aspect expressions of the aspect, the proposed model first finds the aspect expressions for a given aspect and then focuses on the sentiment expressions around the aspect expressions to determine the final sentiment of an aspect. Thus, the first CNN extracts the positional information of aspect expressions for a target aspect and expresses the information as an aspect map. Even if there exist no data with annotations on direct relation between aspects and their expressions, the aspect map can be obtained effectively by learning it in a weakly supervised manner. Then, the second CNN classifies the sentiment of the target aspect in a text using the aspect map. The proposed model is evaluated on SemEval 2016 Task 5 dataset and is compared with several baseline models. According to the experimental results, the proposed model does not only outperform the baseline models but also shows state-of-the-art performance for the dataset.
Contribution of Smart Cities to the Energy Sustainability of the Binomial between City and Country
Authors: Villa-Arrieta Manuel , Sumper Andreas
Published: August 2019

Cities are at the center of the transition to a decarbonized economy. The high consumption of electricity in these urban areas causes them to be the main focus of greenhouse gas emissions. However, they have a high margin of capacity to increase energy efficiency and local energy generation. Along these lines, the smart urban management model has been proposed as a solution to the unsustainability of cities. Due to the global trend of population concentration in urban areas, cities tend to be representative of the population, energy consumption, and energy sustainability of their countries. Based on this hypothesis, this paper studied the relationship between the smart city model and the concept of energy sustainability. First, the research analyzed the relationship between urban population growth and energy sustainability; and then the self-consumption capacity of photovoltaic electricity of the main cities of the countries classified in the energy sustainability indicator (Energy Trilemma Index 2017) of the World Energy Council was analyzed. According to the results, the scope of action for self-consumption of photovoltaic electricity is broad and cities have the capacity to contribute significantly to the energy sustainability of their countries. Following the approach of other authors, the development of energy sustainability objectives and the installation of smart systems in distribution grids must be aligned with national objectives.
E6 Oncoproteins from High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Induce Mitochondrial Metabolism in a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model
Authors: Cruz-Gregorio Alfredo , Aranda-Rivera Ana Karina , Aparicio-Trejo Omar Emiliano , Coronado-Martínez Iris , Pedraza-Chaverri José , Lizano Marcela
Published: August 2019

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells that are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV+) favor mitochondrial metabolism rather than glucose metabolism. However, the involvement of mitochondrial metabolism in HNSCC HPV+ cells is still unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of E6 oncoproteins from HPV16 and HPV18 in the mitochondrial metabolism in an HNSCC model. We found that E6 from both viral types abates the phosphorylation of protein kinase B-serine 473 (pAkt), which is associated with a shift in mitochondrial metabolism. E6 oncoproteins increased the levels of protein subunits of mitochondrial complexes (I to IV), as well as the ATP synthase and the protein levels of the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC). Although E6 proteins increased the basal and leak respiration, the ATP-linked respiration was not affected, which resulted in mitochondrial decoupling. This increase in leak respiration was associated to the induction of oxidative stress (OS) in cells expressing E6, as it was observed by the fall in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) rate and the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylated proteins, and DNA damage. Taken together, our results suggest that E6 oncoproteins from HPV16 and HPV18 are inducers of mitochondrial metabolism.
Event-Related Potential Evidence of Implicit Metric Structure during Silent Reading
Authors: Breen Mara , Fitzroy Ahren B. , Oraa Ali Michelle
Published: August 2019

Under the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis, readers generate prosodic structures during silent reading that can direct their real-time interpretations of the text. In the current study, we investigated the processing of implicit meter by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants read a series of 160 rhyming couplets, where the rhyme target was always a stress-alternating noun–verb homograph (e.g., permit, which is pronounced PERmit as a noun and perMIT as a verb). The target had a strong–weak or weak–strong stress pattern, which was either consistent or inconsistent with the stress expectation generated by the couplet. Inconsistent strong–weak targets elicited negativities between 80–155 ms and 325–375 ms relative to consistent strong–weak targets; inconsistent weak–strong targets elicited a positivity between 365–435 ms relative to consistent weak–strong targets. These results are largely consistent with effects of metric violations during listening, demonstrating that implicit prosodic representations are similar to explicit prosodic representations.