bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İslâm İktisat Teorisi
Authors: Önalan Gökhan Oruç
Published: February 2023

Şûrâ Suresi’nin 27. ayeti dünya hayatındaki nimet ve imkânların kullar arasında hangi ölçüte nisbet edilerek paylaştırıldığına açıklık getirmekte böylece 26. ayetin içeriğinde vurgulanan mesajın, Allah Teâlâ’nın iman ederek iyi işler yapan kullarına lütfundan fazlasını vermesine ilişkin ifadenin, zihinlerde doğru şekilde kavranmasına vesile olmaktadır. Şayet Allah Teâlâ, dünya hayatında bütün insanlara zekâ, sağlık, yetenek vb. nimet ve kaynakları bol ve eşit bir şekilde vermiş olsaydı yeryüzünde birlik, dirlik ve düzenden söz edilemezdi. İnsanlar beceri geliştirmek için kaygı taşımaz, düzenli bir çalışma hayatı, istihdam ve maddî imkânların pay edimesi adına bir denge ve sistem arayışı (mesela iktisat ilmi) olmaz sonuçta medeniyet ve devletler kurulmazdı. Rûm Suresi’nin 41. ayetinde genel bir çerçevede dikkat çekilen mesajı, günümüz dünyasının iktisadi problemleri çerçevesinde yorumladığımız zaman, ekonomik problemin (fesadın) sebebinin, elde edilen nimetlerin bölüşümü konusunda olması lazım geleni (bölüşümde adaleti) değil, kendisine lazım geleni düşünen insan ve insanoğluna bunu düşündürten kapitalist iktisadi düzen olduğu gerçeğine erişiriz. O halde, refahı ve felâhı merkeze alan bir iktisadî anlayış yani İslâm’ın iktisadî esasları, insanların yaşamında yerini alırsa bu problemlerden hiçbir eser kalmayacaktır.
Garantismo penal em contraposição ao abolicionismo penal
Authors: Lima Jairo
Published: February 2023

O Estado Democrático de Direito se caracteriza pela necessidade de intervenção do Estado na vida social dos indivíduos, objetivando assegurar uma sociedade justa e solidária. Nessa toada, um dos fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil é a dignidade da pessoa humana. Conquista histórica, a dignidade da pessoa humana representa os valores mínimos que devem ser conservados a todos os seres humanos. Nesse viés, muito embora alguns direitos possam ser relativizados diante de determinada situação, a proporcionalidade se afigura como um princípio eficaz no controle a arbitrariedade da autoridade pública. No âmbito penal, a proporcionalidade age possui duas vertentes: a primeira diz respeito a proibição do excesso, vedando a restrição excessiva aos direitos dos acusados; de outra sorte, a proibição da insuficiência busca estabelecer a correlação entre o direito à justiça das vítimas e bem estar comum causado pela tutela penal. Para alguns doutrinadores, são justamente essas duas características do principio da proporcionalidade no âmbito penal que servem de ponto de partida para o garantismo.
Cidadania também se aprende na escola: um relato de experiência no IFPI/Campus Floriano
Authors: Nascimento Lana Cristina Rodrigues do , Borges Eryka Aparecida De Araújo
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo levanta questionamentos sobre cidadania na atualidade especificamente na escola, um relato de vivencia das estagiárias de Serviço Social nos cursos técnicos integrados ao médio de Edificações, Eletromecânica, Informática e Meio ambiente do Programa de Acolhimento ao Estudante Ingressante (PRAEI) no Instituto Federal do Piauí (IFPI) Campus Floriano. As atividades realizadas foram ações socioeducativas enfatizando discussões sobre o tema: “cidadania também se aprende na escola”, no qual foi feito um resgate histórico sobre a trajetória dos direitos sociais no Brasil e suas contradições dentro do sistema capitalista.
Análise das propriedades mecânicas do concreto através da substituição dos agregados por poliestireno a partir de copos descartáveis
Authors: Sousa Giovanna Tainara de Morais , Feitosa Karolainy Farias de Miranda , Araújo Francisca Itaynara de Souza
Published: February 2023

O concreto é um dos materiais mais utilizados na construção civil, encontrados desde obras residenciais, comerciais, rodoviárias e de saneamento. Este por sua vez é composto cimento, areia, britas ou seixos, e pode ter a adição de substâncias químicas. O presente artigo se justificou pela existência da necessidade de se reutilizar materiais que são descartados de forma inadequada no meio ambiente, como os copos descartáveis e utilizá-lo como substituto dos agregados para a alteração das propriedades do concreto. Visando dessa forma, trazer melhorias ao concreto e agregando a preservação do meio ambiente. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi o de analisar a influência da substituição no que tange a resistência à compressão do concreto. A pesquisa teve caráter experimental, e foi realizada por meio do ensaio de resistência a compressão. Dessa forma, foi observado que a partir da substituição do volume da areia por poliestireno, provocou nas propriedades de estado endurecido, uma diminuição significativa na resistência mecânica do concreto, sendo que os corpos de prova de 5% tiveram melhor desempenho que os de 10% de substituição. E com relação as propriedades do estado fresco, também foram reduzidas sua trabalhabilidade e consistência, sendo necessário o aumento da quantidade de água.
Serviço social e ética profissional
Authors: Pereira Joanny Alves , Silva Marijany Costa de Miranda
Published: February 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: A pesquisa com a temática Serviço Social e a Ética Profissional traz a importância da ética dentro do serviço social, seja o conceito de ética e também da ética profissional ao atender os usuários, nas intervenções da realidade em que o indivíduo ou a família se encontra, nas instituições privadas, públicas ou sem fins lucrativo. OBJETIVO: Verificar se os profissionais de Serviço Social seguem os princípios fundamentais do Código de ética Profissional. JUSTIFICATIVA. O motivo que levou para a escolha do tema do projeto Serviço Social e Ética Profissional é saber como o profissional deve agir diante das demandas apresentadas e quais suas ações no seu cotidiano do trabalho. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de natureza qualitativa e coleta de dados bibliográficos. CONCLUSÃO: É no cotidiano tenso e antagonista da sociedade capitalista que este profissional precisa decifrar as demandas que a ele se apresentam e a partir daí com base no seu conhecimento teórico, capacidade crítica e aporte técnico-operativo adotar uma postura ética, conjugada aos valores expressos no projeto ético-político da categoria para responder de forma comprometida com as necessidades dos usuários mesmo tendo clareza que irá encontrar dificuldades, as quais irão requerer uma postura.
Análise preliminar microbiológica, física e química da eficiência de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Sousa José Victor Barbosa de , Santos Yara Duarte , Brandão Rondenelly Da Silva
Published: February 2023

As Estações de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETEs) possuem um papel fundamental para a melhoria das condições de saúde da população e do meio ambiente. São responsáveis por receber os efluentes, tratá-los e devolvê-los a natureza em padrões aceitáveis pelos órgãos fiscalizadores. O tratamento dos efluentes divide-se basicamente em três fases: física, biológica e química. O objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma análise preliminar microbiológica, física e química da eficiência da ETE localizada na Faculdade de Floriano – FAESF/PI. Foram coletadas amostras do efluente na entrada da estação, bem como na descarga final, nos períodos de início-dia e fim-dia. Uma alíquota de 0,5 mL de cada amostra foi adicionada a placas contendo meio Cetrimide agar para isolamento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e MacConkey agar para isolamento de outras bactérias gram-negativas. Após 48 horas de incubação, o crescimento celular foi analisado através da contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Houve redução de 18,2% para P. aeruginosa e 37,8% para gram-negativos no início-dia e, respectivamente, de 41,7% e 38,5% de microrganismos no fim-dia. O valor médio do ρH do esgoto “in natura” foi de 6,7 e de 5,8 no lançado ao corpo receptor. Quanto à turbidez, observou-se uma redução no início e no fim-dia de respectivamente 99,23% e 88,41%. Estando assim o ρH e a turbidez dentro dos padrões aceitáveis. No que tange a aspectos físicos observou-se a presença de odor pós-tratamento do efluente. Com base nos resultados preliminares notou-se que deve haver um melhoramento nos procedimentos utilizados na ETE.
A importância do serviço social nas organizações não governamentais para inclusão da pessoa com deficiência: relato de experiência da Fundação Pavel
Authors: Sudário Gessika Da Silva , Silva Marijany Costa de Miranda
Published: February 2023

As ONG’s têm sua origem no período da ditadura militar e mais recente, especificamente, quando houve abertura para processos democráticos, onde a sociedade civil começou a se organizar através de lutas, multiplicando sua participação, e deixando de centralizar e passou a universalizar os direitos sociais. Daí a importância das relações entre o Estado e a sociedade civil para que haja a consolidação de redes de proteção a setores marginalizados é necessário esse elo que fortalece a identidade social e mantem o exercício da cidadania e garante direitos que são fundamentais para a igualdade de oportunidades e consequentemente o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade. A pesquisa é de cunho Bibliográfica, exploratória e qualitativa. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal, analisar como acontece o exercício profissional do assistente social na política de Assistência, no Centro Terapêutico, projeto “Tecendo Amor” de responsabilidade da Fundação Pavel da cidade de Barão de Grajaú. E os específicos são: caracterizar a instituição Fundação Pavel e seu projeto “Tecendo Amor” (Centro Terapêutico); entender como a Política de Assistência Social dentro do Centro Terapêutico, projeto “Tecendo Amor” da Fundação Pavel tem organizado serviços, programas e projetos para atender a pessoa com deficiência; apresentar as demandas, limitações e desafios desses profissionais presentes em seu dia a dia na instituição; descrever as práticas do profissional de assistência social em sua atuação relacionada a educação e atendimento especial; entender como a instituição se mantem financeiramente e qual a relação que ela mantém com o Estado e/ou Município. Este artigo buscou trazer algumas contribuições para o debate sobre o Serviço Social e o trabalho desenvolvido nas ONGs na área da saúde. Como relatado não há uma boa relação entre instituição e conforme foi relatado pela assistente social o projeto requer dois tipos de demandas, uma demanda espontânea e a busca ativa, nos dois casos o assistente social usa seus instrumentos (as entrevistas, visitas domiciliares), para a veracidade das informações repassadas. Verificações de domicílio, saúde e acessibilidade. E as famílias serão beneficiadas de acordo com as necessidades de cada família.
Misturas asfálticas quentes modificadas por adição de borracha de pneu
Authors: Lima Hortência Araújo Arruda de , Teixeira Bárbara Ribeiro dos Reis , Aires Ruth Maria Da Silva
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo o estudo bibliográfico da utilização da borracha triturada resultante do processo de recauchutagem de pneus para produção de misturas asfálticas quentes usadas na pavimentação. A metodologia foi baseada em literaturas especificas, teses e livros visando a síntese literária de artigos sobre misturas asfálticas modificadas por adição de borracha de pneus nos seus processos seco e úmido. Através do embasamento teórico demonstram-se a viabilidade e o intuito da utilização do asfalto modificado por borracha, observando as suas vantagens e desvantagens. Considerando os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que é viável usar o asfalto modificado, pois apesar do maior custo ele possui maior vida útil e melhor desempenho necessitando de menos manutenções além de colaborar com a diminuição de resíduos de pneus possibilitando seu uso em substituição ao asfalto convencional.
Reflexões sobre práticas pedagógicas inclusivas com estudantes com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Monteiro Janete Lopes , Marchi Rita de Cassia
Published: February 2023

A inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência se tornou uma questão central no campo educacional, pois envolve a inserção do público-alvo da educação especial em escolas regulares de ensino. Este artigo é um recorte de uma dissertação de Mestrado em Educação e tem por objetivo propor reflexões sobre práticas pedagógicas inclusivas realizadas com estudantes com deficiência intelectual (DI). A metodologia envolveu técnicas da etnografia (observação participante, elaboração de diário de campo, realização de entrevistas ), análise de documentos da escola campo da investigação e de dispositivos legais nacionais e municipais que garantem os direitos das crianças com deficiência de frequentar e ter acesso ao conhecimento em escolas regulares de ensino.  A geração de dados foi realizada em 2018 numa escola pública da rede municipal de Florianópolis – Santa Catarina (SC), que trabalha na perspectiva inclusiva. Os sujeitos alvo da pesquisa foram três estudantes com DI, matriculadas no 6º e no 8º ano. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que, se a inclusão escolar dos estudantes com DI na escola pesquisada está garantida do ponto de vista legal, observações e entrevistas demonstraram que existem desafios e barreiras (pedagógicas e atitudinais) que comprometem a acessibilidade simbólica desses estudantes. Ademais, que eles conseguem aprender no seu ritmo e em condições adequadas, mas, o ideal de aluno, presente no conceito de ofício de aluno (MARCHI, 2010; PERRENOUD,1995), pode contribuir tanto para o fracasso escolar quanto para a instauração de práticas de exclusão branda (BOURDIEU & CHAMPAGNE, 2008).
Trends of Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia and Patterns of Repeated General Anesthesia in Children and Adolescents with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Lee Ahreum , Kim Hyuntae , Song Ji-Soo , Shin Teo Jeon , Hyun Hong-Keun , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Kim Young-Jae
Published: February 2023

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics of pediatric dental patients who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia (DTGA) at the Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2011 through December 2020 and compare the patterns of repeated DTGA between dental patients with severe disabilities (DSD) and non-DSD (healthy or medically compromised patients without DSD). There were 1,857 DTGAs among 1,719 patients (mean age = 5.1 years; males = 59.3%; ASA 2 or above = 52.9%; DSD = 26.8%). Overall, 6.6% of patients underwent repeated DTGA, and the rate of repeated DTGA over a 10-year period was 7.4%. ASA 2 or above (p < 0.0001) and DSD (p < 0.0001) were more likely to undergo repeated DRGA compared to ASA 1 and non-DSD. At both GA1 and GA2, DSD received significantly more restorative treatment on permanent teeth than non-DSD (p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, respectively). There has been an increasing demand for DTGA in pediatric dentistry over the last 10 years. Regular check-ups and preventive oral health care are necessary for pediatric dental patients with severe disabilities to reduce the possibility of repeated DTGA.
State Machine Replication and Consensus with Byzantine Adversaries
Authors: Davidson Michael
Published: February 2023

The objective of state machine replication (SMR) is to emulate a centralized
service in a distributed, fault-tolerant fashion. To this end, a set of mutually
distrusting processes must agree on the execution of client-submitted commands.
Since the advent of Bitcoin, the idea of SMR has received significant attention.
This document surveys both classical and more modern research on SMR and details
many of the most significant permissioned and permissionless algorithms, their
performance, and security considerations.
Er der en whole school derude?
Authors: Rathje Nadia R.
Published: February 2023

[DK]På trods af at whole school-tilgangen i en årrække har været promoveret i både policy og forskning som en produktiv tilgang til at arbejde med og udvikle uddannelse for bæredygtig udvikling, peger et igangværende casestudie på, at tilgangen tilsyneladende ikke er hverken særlig kendt eller brugt i den danske skole. Denne artikel præsenterer indledningsvis whole school-tilgangen og diskuterer dens sammenhæng med bæredygtig udvikling og med nogle af de udfordringer, casestudiet finder. Desuden undersøges forholdet mellem begrundelser, fagligt indhold og didaktik, når caseskolerne arbejder med bæredygtig udvikling. Studiet finder, at didaktikken står svagere end begrundelser og indhold, og argumenterer for, hvorfor den pædagogiske, didaktiske dimension er væsentlig i arbejdet med bæredygtig udvikling i et whole school-perspektiv. Afslutningsvis diskuteres forholdet mellem whole school-tilgangen som et policy, best practice-begreb og som en refleksiv ramme til at udvikle skole, der arbejder med, for og som bæredygtighed fra et systemisk perspektiv.

[UK]Is there a Whole School out there?– Potentials and barriers in a whole school approach to education for sustainable developmentDespite the fact that the whole school approach has for a number of years been promoted in both policy and research as a productive approach to working with and developing education for sustainable development, an ongoing case study indicates that the approach is apparently neither well known nor used in the Danish school. This article initially presents the whole school approach and discusses its connection with sustainable development and with some of the challenges that the case study has going. In addition, the relationship between justifications, professional content and didactics is examined when the case schools work with sustainable development. The study finds that didactics are weaker than reasons and content and argues that the pedagogical, didactic dimension is essential in the work with sustainable development in a whole school perspective. In conclusion, the relationship between the whole school approach as a policy, best practice concept and as a reflexive framework for developing schools that work with, for and as sustainability from a systemic perspective is discussed.
L’intubation chez l’adulte à l’urgence : une séquence à respecter (partie 1)
Authors: Paquette Lysane , Peguero-Rodriguez Gabriela , Lemieux Marie-Lyne , Lebel Valérie , Ait Si M’hamed Mohamed
Published: February 2023

L’intubation à séquence rapide (ISR) est utilisée lorsqu’un contrôle rapide des voies respiratoires (VR) est nécessaire. Cette procédure systématique permet d’obtenir rapidement des conditions optimales pour faciliter l’intubation, assurer sa réussite et minimiser les complications associées. Cet article présente une révision des éléments qui constituent l’ISR, communément appelé les 7 P : Préparation, Préoxygénation, Prétraitement, Paralysie et induction, Protection et positionnement et Post-intubation. Chaque étape sera présentée et approfondie pour en offrir une meilleure compréhension. Les meilleures pratiques et la contribution du personnel infirmier au sein de l’équipe interprofessionnelle durant l’ISR seront également abordées. Veuillez noter que cet article aura une suite dans le prochain numéro de la revueSoins d’urgenceet abordera plus spécifiquement le rôle infirmier auprès des personnes ventilées mécaniquement en contexte d’urgence.
PORTRAIT DES ENJEUX ORGANISATIONNELS EN ÉCOLE DE SITE : L’IMPORTANCE DE VALORISER LA SCOLARISATION DES JEUNES PLACÉ.E.S EN CENTRE DE RÉADAPTATION
Authors: Ziani Melissa , Goyette Martin
Published: February 2023

Au Québec, sur le terrain des centres de réadaptation pour jeunes en difficulté d’adaptation, des « écoles de site » sont dédiées à la scolarisation des jeunes qui y sont hébergé.e.s. Ces derniers, placé.e.s sous la Loi de la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ) ou de la Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents (LSJPA), ont moins tendance à avoir terminé ou d’être en voie de terminer leurs études secondaires avant l’âge de 18 ans. Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier les facteurs organisationnels qui peuvent avoir une incidence sur les parcours scolaires de ces jeunes. Pour ce faire, 25 professionnel.le.s responsables de la scolarisation de ces jeunes ont été interrogé.e.s sur leur expérience de collaboration intersectorielle et les répercussions de celle-ci sur le parcours des jeunes. Les résultats de cette collecte de données qualitatives offrent un nouvel éclairage sur le rôle potentiel des écoles de site dans le processus de réadaptation des jeunes qui fréquentent ces établissements.
COVID-19 AS A SPRINGBOARD TO A JUST AND GREEN FUTURE? THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Mulvale James P.
Published: February 2023

The devastation of the COVID-19 pandemic taught us vital public policy lessons in Canada about the necessity of public healthcare, the feasibility of universal and unconditional income support, and the urgency of moving towards a new post-growth economy that is in harmony with the environment and allows people to control their time and life choices. Social work has a key role to play in helping us to navigate our way past the pandemic emergency and towards such a radical new vision of an economically just and ecologically sustainable Canadian society.
La reconstrucción del pasado del Acolhuacan en los inicios del siglo XVII: Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl y su uso del "Códice Xolotl"
Authors: Ruz Barrio Miguel Ángel , Bosque Cantón Cristina
Published: February 2023

Tanto el "Códice Xolotl" (c. 1540) como los textos escritos por el historiador Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl (primera mitad del siglo XVII) constituyen dos fuentes fundamentales para acercarnos al pasado de la Cuenca de México y, en concreto, del Acolhuacan. Son muchos los trabajos que han señalado que Alva Ixtlilxochitl tuvo en sus manos el códice y lo empleó para su obra, pero pocos han profundizado en la posible relación entre los añadidos en el códice y los textos del historiador. A partir de un análisis codicológico previo, el cual nos ha permitido seleccionar dos de los elementos añadidos al contenido original del códice, estudiamos la vinculación entre esas adiciones y la labor de Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl. Para ello, además, ha sido importante comprobar que el historiador presenta dos lecturas diferentes de las secciones donde hay pinturas añadidas al contenido original. Una vez analizadas las dos escenas, donde coinciden adiciones en el códice y dos versiones diferentes de lo allí representado en los textos de Alva Ixtlilxochitl, reflexionamos sobre las posibles implicaciones de dicha concurrencia.
Weed Smothering in Mustard (Brassica spp) by its High-Density Uniform Broadcast Sowing
Authors: Ghorai Asesh Kumar , Ghorai Ankit Kumar
Published: February 2023

Manual weed control in mustard is very expensive because of its high labour requirement i.e., 150-250 labourers/ha. Chemical weed control again imposes environmental hazards. Mechanical weed control in mustard is not still that popular till date. Due to severe weed competition, the yield reduction in Indian mustard may go as high as 70 per cent. Thus weed control in zero till mustard using its high-density sowing (HDS) was studied in different farmers’ field, at ICAR-CRIJAF, in North 24 PGS and Purulia, from 2018-2022. Fast growing and high- density uniform mustard canopy (100-200 m2) developed at early stages hinders sunlight penetration (up to 99.98 per cent) below its canopy (at 35- 40 days), leading to scanty and under developed growth of different composite weed species at harvest, those germinate or grow below mustard canopy. Weed population below mustard canopy was reduced by 92 to 97 per cent at mustard harvest. It was only 10-80/m2 at harvest over 350-1000/m2 in weedy situation at initial germination. The reduction of dicot weed biomass below matured mustard at harvest was 81-99 percent (5-150g/ m2) percent over weedy plots (500-800/ m2). Reduction of effective flowers/pods of different weeds under matured mustard canopy were up to 99.5 percent. Proper agronomic management practices of HDS mustard e.g., seed rate, date of sowing, uniformity of sowing, irrigation and fertiliser application will eliminate the herbicide application or manual weeding in mustard. Nearly 80 percent mustard plants remain active at harvest. It saves 150-250 labours /ha depending on weed species and its density of germination. Mustard grain yield ranged from 15-30 q/ha depending on management and varieties used. This weed smothering merit of mustard can be used for eco friendly weed control in other wide spaced field/horticultural crops using its dwarf variety (Toria).
Trends in Hydroponics Practice/Technology in Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Kumar Vikanksha, Arun , Singh Jatinder
Published: February 2023

Currently, hydroponics, a soilless production method, promises to deliver high quality, nutritious, fresh, residue-free crops, overcoming the problems of climate change, freshwater shortage, necessity of fertile land, and the overwhelming requirement of the expanding food demand. Hydroponics production is now garnering prominence across the world because of its effective resource management and cultivation of high value crops. Developed nations like Netherlands, Australia, France, England, Israel, Canada, and the United States are among the world leaders in hydroponic innovation/cultivation. Certain advantages of this technology include shorter crop growth times than traditional crop soil-based, year-round output, low disease, and insect attack, and removal of several labour-intensive intercultural procedures such as weeding, spraying and watering. Nutrient film technique has been successfully employed in the large-scale cultivation of leafy and other vegetables across the world with water savings of 70 to 90%. Commercial hydroponic technology must be successfully implemented, thus it's essential to devise low-cost methods that seem to be simple to use and sustain, need less manpower altogether, and have reduced installation and function costs. Therefore, hydroponics could represent a superior approach to grow various fruits, vegetables, and livestock feed in addition to fulfil the upcoming need for world nutrition.
Moisture Conservations Options for Boosting System Productivity under Pearl Millet: Cluster Bean Strip Intercropping
Authors: Dadarwal R. S. , Ahlawat Vishal , Chaudhary Kautilya , Jat M. K. , . Kavita
Published: February 2023

The present investigation was carried out to study the Moisture conservations options for boosting system productivity under Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip intercropping under aberrant weather situations of south-western Haryana. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising nine treatments replicated thrice. Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip cropping (6:3) under deep summer ploughing recorded maximum land equivalent ratio (1.37) and pearl millet equivalent yield (29.30 q/ha) over conventional and straw mulching practices. While, the highest gross return Rs. 50134, net return Rs. 21749 and B:C (1.77) also recorded under Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip cropping (6:3) under deep summer ploughing (30 cm depth) over other treatments. Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip cropping (with raw ratio 6:3) under deep summer ploughing (30 cm depth) moisture conservation practice significantly improvement of system productivity, land equivalent ratio and pearl millet equivalent yield of pearl millet + Cluster bean strip cropping system.
Native Bypass of the Left Coronary Artery in a Male Patient Aged 63 Years
Authors: Narang Vishal K. , Budoff Matthew
Published: February 2023

This case report describes a 63-year-old male patient with a native bypass of the left coronary artery found incidentally while undergoing computed tomography angiography of the coronary arteries for clinical research purposes.
Surgical Procedural Definitions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Developed by Expert Delphi Consensus
Authors: Bui Helen , Bechara Falk G. , George Ralph , Goldberg Stephanie , Hamzavi Iltefat , Kirby Joslyn S. , Saylor Drew , Sayed Christopher J.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Various surgical approaches for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have been described in the literature, but the nomenclature is inconsistent. Excisions have been described as wide, local, radical, and regional with variable descriptions of margins. Deroofing procedures have been described with various approaches though descriptions of the approach are generally more uniform. No international consensus has been formed to globally standardize terminology for HS surgical procedures. Lack of such agreement may contribute to misunderstanding or misclassification in HS procedural research studies and impair clear communication among clinicians or between clinicians and patients.

Objective

To create a set of standard definitions for HS surgical procedures.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This consensus agreement study was conducted from January to May 2021 using the modified Delphi consensus method to reach agreement among a group of international HS experts regarding standardized definitions for an initial set of HS surgical terms, including “incision and drainage,” “deroofing/unroofing,” “excision,” “lesional excision,” and “regional excision,” ultimately expanded to 10 terms. Provisional definitions were drafted based on existing literature and discussion among an expert 8-member steering committee. Online surveys were disseminated to members of the HS Foundation, direct contacts of the expert panel, and the HSPlace listserv to reach physicians with considerable experience with HS surgery. Consensus was defined as greater than 70% agreement to accept a definition.

Results

In the first and second modified Delphi round, 50 and 33 experts participated, respectively. Ten surgical procedural terms and definitions reached consensus with greater than 80% agreement. Overall, the term “local” excision was abandoned and replaced with the descriptors “lesional” or “regional” excision. Of note, “regional” replaced the terms “wide” and “radical” excision. Furthermore, modifiers such as “partial” vs “complete” should also be included when describing surgical procedures. A combination of these terms helped formulate the final glossary of HS surgical procedural definitions.

Conclusion and Relevance

An international group of HS experts agreed on a set of definitions describing surgical procedures frequently used by clinicians and in the literature. The standardization and application of such definitions are vital to allow for accurate communication, reporting consistency, and uniform data collection and study design in the future.
Numerous Ulcerated Plaques of the Trunk and Extremities in a Patient Receiving Long-term Hydroxyurea Therapy
Authors: Wirth Paul , Cartee Todd V. , Lam Charlene
Published: February 2023

A woman in her 80s initially presented with numerous, primarily photodistributed, crusted, and ulcerated plaques of the trunk and extremities and a medical history of essential thrombocytosis treated with hydroxyurea for 14 years. What is your diagnosis?
Use of Bayesian Statistics to Reanalyze Data From the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios Trial
Authors: Lammers Daniel , Richman Joshua , Holcomb John B. , Jansen Jan O.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Frequentist statistical approaches are the most common strategies for clinical trial design; however, bayesian trial design may provide a more optimal study technique for trauma-related studies.

Objective

To describe the outcomes of bayesian statistical approaches using data from the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) Trial.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This quality improvement study performed a post hoc bayesian analysis of the PROPPR Trial using multiple hierarchical models to assess the association of resuscitation strategy with mortality. The PROPPR Trial took place at 12 US level I trauma centers from August 2012 to December 2013. A total of 680 severely injured trauma patients who were anticipated to require large volume transfusions were included in the study. Data analysis for this quality improvement study was conducted from December 2021 and June 2022.

Interventions

In the PROPPR Trial, patients were randomized to receive a balanced transfusion (equal portions of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells [1:1:1]) vs a red blood cell–heavy strategy (1:1:2) during their initial resuscitation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes from the PROPPR trial included 24-hour and 30-day all-cause mortality using frequentist statistical methods. Bayesian methods were used to define the posterior probabilities associated with the resuscitation strategies at each of the original primary end points.

Results

Overall, 680 patients (546 [80.3%] male; median [IQR] age, 34 [24-51] years, 330 [48.5%] with penetrating injury; median [IQR] Injury Severity Score, 26 [17-41]; 591 [87.0%] with severe hemorrhage) were included in the original PROPPR Trial. Between the groups, no significant differences in mortality were originally detected at 24 hours (12.7% vs 17.0%; adjusted risk ratio [RR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.52-1.08]; P = .12) or 30 days (22.4% vs 26.1%; adjusted RR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.65-1.12]; P = .26). Using bayesian approaches, a 1:1:1 resuscitation was found to have a 93% (Bayes factor, 13.7; RR, 0.75 [95% credible interval, 0.45-1.11]) and 87% (Bayes factor, 6.56; RR, 0.82 [95% credible interval, 0.57-1.16]) probability of being superior to a 1:1:2 resuscitation with regards to 24-hour and 30-day mortality, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this quality improvement study, a post hoc bayesian analysis of the PROPPR Trial found evidence in support of mortality reduction with a balanced resuscitation strategy for patients in hemorrhagic shock. Bayesian statistical methods offer probability-based results capable of direct comparison between various interventions and should be considered for future studies assessing trauma-related outcomes.
Ball Milling Treatment of Nb and B Nanoparticles Modified TiAl4822 Composite Powder and Its Effect on Powder Bed Quality and Powder Spreadability in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Luo Weihang , Fang Ziyu , Ma Chenglong , Wu Meiping , Zhuo Zhuo
Published: February 2023

Ball milling treatment is a low‐cost and achievable large‐scale production method for preparing the composite powder used for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. For the ball‐milled composite powder, good powder spreadability and composition homogeneity are essential for obtaining the LPBF‐fabricated part with good forming quality. In this article, the Nb and B nanoparticles modified TiAl4822 composite powder with a nominal composition of Ti‐47.53Al‐1.98Cr‐2.81Nb‐0.15B are prepared via ball milling. It is found that the physical properties of the composite powder are more sensitive to the milling time than the milling speed and ball‐to‐powder ratio. Long‐time milling is inclined to cause the formation of broken particles, poor powder flowability, and high oxygen contamination. Besides, the process maps between the ball milling energy E
t and particle size distribution width, the static angle of repose, composition inhomogeneity, and oxygen content are established, respectively. Results show that when the applied E
t is insufficient or excessive, the degree of sphericity or composition homogeneity always worsens. In these cases, deposition defects such as line or area defects are more prone to occur, due to the enhanced particle rearrangement resistance induced by the addition of nanoparticles.
Effect of Interface Friction on Surface Integrity and Microstructure during Extrusion of Pure Nickel
Authors: Wang Yanjiang , Jia Zhi , Ji Jinjin , Heng Yabo , Liu Dexue
Published: February 2023

The friction behavior of the billet–die interface during the pure nickel N6 extrusion process has an important decisive effect on the surface wear, microstructure control of the workpiece. Herein, field extrusion and finite element simulation are used. The influence of different interface states on the wear behavior, microstructure, and texture of pure nickel surface is realized by changing the lubrication effect between the billet and the die. The results show that the interface state has a great influence on the interface temperature and stress, which leads to different wear behaviors, microstructures, and textures of the workpiece surface. The use of lubricant reduces the shearing force of the billet–die interface, resulting in lower heat generation at the interface, and reduced uneven deformation of the billet. As a result, the surface quality of the workpiece is relatively good, but uneven lubrication is the main cause of tearing damage on the surface of the billet. The grain morphology and grain boundary distribution on the surface of the lubricating extruded bar are uniform, the microtexture strength is weak, and the Schmidt factor is large. In contrast, the opposite is true in the absence of lubrication.
Evaluating the Predictability of Surface Roughness of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy from Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Maitra Varad , Shi Jing
Published: February 2023

Herein, it is aimed in this study to assess a long‐standing question, “whether reliable predictive models can be developed for surface roughness of laser additively manufactured alloys, with aggregated knowledge learned but little new experimentation?” A most comprehensive dataset is obtained from mining the literature on as‐built Ti–6Al–4V alloy via selective laser melting (SLM), which includes the major SLM process parameters, average and variance of powder particle size, and resultant surface roughness. Five supervised machine‐learning models and one traditional regression model are proposed to evaluate the predictability of average surface roughness Ra of SLM‐produced Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Using tenfold cross validation on dependable literature data, the six models are trained and compared. To ultimately test the developed models, cubic Ti–6Al–4V samples are fabricated and the models are employed to predict their surface roughness. It is discovered that while all six models show overall satisfactory performance, the traditional regression model possesses the lowest prediction accuracy. Two of the best models, that is, Gaussian process regression and neural network models, exhibit root‐mean‐squared error of 0.51 and 0.58 μm, respectively, and are championed as industry ready. Herein, an alternative path for predicting SLM contingencies is proved by this research, where resources are limited but historical experience can be mined.
Steering Electron Density of Zr Sites Using Ligand Effect in Bio‐Beads for Efficient Defluoridation
Authors: Zhang Yizhong , Wang Liuchang , Zhang Ruichi , He Chao , Jia Lixia , Wang Xunliang , Feng Xuemin , Jiang Tianxiang , Xie Baolong , Ma Xiaolei , Cao Junrui , Ma Yuhui , Tan Xin , Yu Tao
Published: February 2023

Because of spontaneous agglomeration effect and undesirable electronic state of Zr sites on the surface, zirconium (hydro)oxides generally exhibit suboptimal defluoridation capacity. Herein, a template confinement‐ligand anchoring strategy is developed by utilizing confined growth of zirconium hydroxide (ZH) inside chitosan hydrogel beads (CHB) and subsequent anchoring of fumaric acid (fm) on its surface Zr sites in a monodentate mononuclear coordination mode. This technique leads to uniform dispersion of ultrafine fmZH (≈3.4 nm) and tunable electron density at the Zr sites. Due to the electron‐withdrawing ability of fm, electron‐delocalized Zr sites increase the orbital energy level matching and vacate Zr 4d orbitals to promote hybridization with the F 2p orbitals. Ultimately, robust ZrF bond can be formed as a result of reduced the adsorption energy toward fluoride ions. The defluoridation capacity shows positive linear relationship with the electron extraction ability of ligands. The saturation adsorption capacity and dynamic treatment capacity of CHB@fmZH are 10.8 and 45.9 times higher than that of CHB@ZH, respectively, owing to high electron extraction (0.098 e−) of fm. This study offers a novel insight into the design and synthesis of high‐efficiency metal oxide adsorbents by steering its surface metal sites’ electronic state through ligand effect.
Reusable Dual‐Photopolymerized Holographic Glucose Sensors
Authors: Davies Samuel , Hu Yubing , Blyth Jeff , Jiang Nan , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: February 2023

Diabetes is well established as a widespread, incurable, and fatal disease with glucose monitoring and tight glycaemic control vital for effective illness prevention and management. Hydrogel‐based holographic sensors serve as a low‐cost and label‐free colorimetric sensing platform, directly identifiable by the naked eye and spectroscopy for quantitative monitoring. Herein, a cost‐effective and reusable holographic glucose sensor is developed via single pulse UV‐induced dual‐photopolymerization of boronic acid functionalized hydrogels for point‐of‐care (POC) diagnosis. Computational modeling of holographic sensors response is conducted following Braggs law alongside the study of fabrication parameter optimization and sensor swelling dynamics. Fabrication conditions, responsive and interference hydrogel compositions of holographic sensors are investigated to improve response time, sensitivity in urine (13.03 nm mmol−1 L−1), limit of detection (0.06 mmol L−1), and reusability. Photolithographic patterning of hydrogel‐based holographic sensors permits the inscription of additional information into the sensors for qualitative measurement. Selectivity, reversibility, and continuous monitoring of urine samples are conducted over a physiological glucose concentration range (0.0–9.4 mmol L−1) to demonstrate the viability for diabetic risk identification. The simple incorporation of glucose sensors in a reusable urinary analysis prototype is validated in human urine, showing potential for POC to reduce patient dependency on invasive diabetic monitoring procedures.
Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Maximizing Transconductance of Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor at Zero Gate Bias and Biological Interfacing Application
Authors: Gao Ge , Chen Jia‐Hao , Jing Ming‐Jian , Hu Jin , Xu Qin , Wang Cheng‐Shuang , Zhou Hong , Lin Peng , Chen Guangxu , Zhao Wei‐Wei
Published: February 2023

Organic electrochemical transistors showing maximum transconductance (gm) at zero gate bias (VG) is desired but has long been a challenge. To date, few solutions to this issue are available. Light‐matter interplay is shown as rich sources for optogenetics, photodynamic therapy, and advanced electronics, but its potential in gm modulation are largely untapped. Herein, the challenge is addressed by unique light‐matter interplay in the newly emerged technique of organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT), which is exemplified by dual‐ligand photosensitive metal–organic frameworks (DL‐PS‐MOFs)/TiO2 nanorods (NRs) gated poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) OPECT under 425 nm light irradiation. Interestingly, the light stimulation on the DL‐PS‐MOFs can de‐dope PEDOT:PSS with altered transistor physics, achieving device showing maximum gm at zero VG and the simultaneous superior output of channel current. In connection to a cascade catalytic hairpin assembly‐rolling circle amplification strategy, such a device is then biologically interfaced with a miRNA‐triggered growth of DNA spheres for the sensitive detection of miRNA‐21 down to 0.12 fm. This work features a proof‐of‐concept study using light‐matter interplay to enable organic transistors showing maximum gm at zero VG and its sensitive biological interfacing application.
Nanomedicine‐Enabled Sonomechanical, Sonopiezoelectric, Sonodynamic, and Sonothermal Therapy
Authors: Song Xinran , Zhang Qin , Chang Meiqi , Ding Li , Huang Hui , Feng Wei , Xu Tianming , Chen Yu
Published: February 2023

Nanomedicine‐enabled/augmented ultrasound (US) medicine is a unique area of interdisciplinary research that focuses on designing and engineering functional nanosystems to address the challenging issues in US‐based biomedicine, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional microbubbles and optimizing the design of contrast and sonosensitive agents. The single‐faceted summary of available US‐related therapies is still a significant drawback. Here, The proposal of a comprehensive review on the recent advances of sonosensitive nanomaterials in advancing four US‐related biological applications and disease theranostics is aimed. In addition to the mostly explored nanomedicine‐enabled/augmented sonodynamic therapy (SDT), the summary and discussion of other sono‐therapies and progresses/achievements are relatively lacking, including sonomechanical therapy (SMT), sonopiezoelectric therapy (SPT), and sonothermal therapy (STT). The design concepts of the specific sono‐therapies based on nanomedicines are initially introduced. Furthermore, the representative paradigms for nanomedicine‐enabled/enhanced US therapies are elaborated according to therapeutic principles and diversity. This review provides an updated and comprehensive review of the field of nanoultrasonic biomedicine, and comprehensively discusses the progress of versatile ultrasonic disease treatments. Finally, the deep discussion on the facing challenges and prospects is expected to promote the emergence and establishment of a new branch of US biomedicine through the rational combination of nanomedicine and US clinical biomedicine.
A Whole‐Course‐Repair System Based on Neurogenesis‐Angiogenesis Crosstalk and Macrophage Reprogramming Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Lin Ze , Bu Pengzhen , Yu Tao , Endo Yori , Zhou Wu , Sun Yun , Cao Faqi , Dai Guandong , Hu Yiqiang , Lu Li , Chen Lang , Cheng Peng , Zha Kangkang , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Feng Qian , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui
Published: February 2023

Diabetic wound (DW) therapy is currently a big challenge in medicine and strategies to enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis have appeared to be a promising direction. However, the current treatments have failed to coordinate neurogenesis and angiogenesis simultaneously, leading to an increased disability rate caused by DWs. Herein, a whole‐course‐repair system is introduced by a hydrogel to concurrently achieve a mutually supportive cycle of neurogenesis‐angiogenesis under a favorable immune‐microenvironment. This hydrogel can first be one‐step packaged in a syringe for later in situ local injections to cover wounds long‐termly for accelerated wound healing via the synergistic effect of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and engineered small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). The self‐healing and bio‐adhesive properties of the hydrogel make it an ideal physical barrier for DWs. At the inflammation stage, the formulation can recruit bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to the wound sites and stimulate them toward neurogenic differentiation, while providing a favorable immune microenvironment via macrophage reprogramming. At the proliferation stage of wound repair, robust angiogenesis occurs by the synergistic effect of the newly differentiated neural cells and the released Mg2+, allowing a regenerative neurogenesis‐angiogenesis cycle to take place at the wound site. This whole‐course‐repair system provides a novel platform for combined DW therapy.