bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular revascularization of challenging anatomical lesions: Revascularization in TASC-II C and D classes: A single-centre retrospective report
Authors:   Eskişehir City Health Practice and Research Centers, University of Health Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Eskişehir, Türkiye, Kaya Ibrahim Cagri , Bulut Halil Ibrahim ,   İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul,Türkiye, Kocaoglu Alper Selim ,   Eskisehir City Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Eskisehir, Türkiye, Aksoy Nihal ,   Marmara University, School of Medicine 4th year, İstanbul, Türkiye
Published: November 2023

Aim: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts quality of life and that can lead to limb amputation and thromboembolic events. Treatment options for PAD include endovascular and open surgical interventions, with the choice depending on the Trans-Atlantic inter-society consensus II (TASC II) classification. Recent evidence suggests that endovascular therapy may be feasible for complex PAD lesions, but further research is needed. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 50 patients with TASC II class C and D lesions. The procedures were conducted using a state-of-the-art angiography system, and patients received appropriate antiplatelet therapy and heparin during the intervention. Data collection was performed following ethical considerations and standardization protocols. Results: This study involved 50 patients with peripheral arterial disease, characterized by an average age of 65.0 years and a prevalence of comorbidities such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use. The majority of patients presented with claudication and had lesions primarily in the femoropopliteal region. The procedures performed, primarily using drug-coated balloons, resulted in high technical success rates and favorable outcomes at 30 days, with a slight decline in primary patency rates at 6 months. Some patients required readmission due to cardiac reasons, and a small portion necessitated open surgical revascularization. Conclusion: Our findings support the use of endovascular revascularization as a safe and effective option for patients with complex lesions. Further research is needed to address challenges related to dissection and optimize outcomes in this patient population. This study contributes to the growing understanding of treatment approaches for peripheral artery disease and highlights the potential benefits of endovascular therapy.
Right subclavian artery true aneurysm: A rare cause of dyspnea
Authors:   Private Egekent Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Denizli, Türkiye, Alur Ihsan , Emrecan Bilgin ,   Private Egekent Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Denizli, Türkiye
Published: November 2023

Subclavian artery aneurysm (SAA) is a rare condition seen in less than 1% of peripheral artery aneurysms. It is usually asymptomatic. However, it may become symptomatic as a result of pressure on the surrounding organs due to the progressive growth of the aneurysm. The standard treatment for SAA is surgery. In this article, we wanted to present a 63-year-old male patient who presented with the complaint of shortness of breath and was operated on with the diagnosis of Right Subclavian artery true aneurysm on thoracic CT angiography.
autodeterminação do valor e a autonomização do mais-valor
Authors: Lacerda Morais José Micaelson
Published: November 2023

Em 1867, ano da publicação de O Capital, Marx, já havia constatado que a autodeterminação do capital era uma tendência inexorável da produção capitalista. Todavia, àquela época era impossível a ele vislumbrar que pouco mais de um século depois haveria uma revolução tecnológica de natureza inaudita, da qual resultaria um novo conjunto de negócios, máquinas e processos, capaz de: 1) ampliar de forma inédita na história econômica a exploração do trabalho social; 2) alterar estruturalmente a composição orgânica do capital; e 3) fornecer ao capital a potência de uma verdadeira força destruidora de mundos. Neste artigo discutimos as implicações dessa revolução sob o prisma da autodeterminação do valor, que se refere à capacidade do valor econômico de se determinar e se estabelecer dentro do sistema capitalista de forma autônoma e, da autonomização do mais-valor, que ocorre quando o trabalho não pago extraído do trabalhador assalariado é separado do processo de produção do valor.
Notas para um estudo marxista dos valores adicionados na economia brasileira contemporânea (2010-2021)
Authors: Segura Moraes Leonardo , De Azevedo Raquel
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas observações sobre a economia brasileira contemporânea entre 2010 e 2021, traduzindo para a teoria econômica marxista rubricas da Demonstração de Valor Adicionado (DVA) e do Balanço Patrimonial de uma amostra de 24 empresas que compõem a carteira do Ibovespa. As informações foram obtidas através das bases de dados InvestSite (https://www.investsite.com.br/) e Economatica (https://economatica.com/). Nesse sentido, observamos algumas tendências e contratendências gerais da concorrência real na economia brasileira a partir da formulação empírica dos conceitos de capital constante, capital variável, mais-valia, rotação do capital, preço de custo, preço de produção, taxa de lucro, taxa de mais-valia. Desse modo, esperamos contribuir para uma agenda de pesquisa e mapeamento dos critérios de produção e apropriação da mais-valia no Brasil.
Mercadoria, dialética e o caráter a-histórico do trabalho abstrato e do valor
Authors: Milanez de Lima Almeida Lucas , Carneiro de Almeida Júnior Antonio , Rosas Ribeiro Nelson
Published: November 2023

O presente ensaio buscou trazer novos elementos que contribuíssem para o debate em torno do caráter histórico, ou não, do valor e do trabalho abstrato. Para isso, apresentamos uma formulação geral da categoria “unidade de contrários dialéticos”, a qual serviu para definir a mercadoria como uma unidade de contrários formada pelo par valor e valor de uso. A partir disto e das três propriedades da forma equivalente do valor, defendemos o caráter a-histórico do valor e do trabalho abstrato, admitindo que o valor é resultado do trabalho incorporado. Por fim, discutimos criticamente alguns dos argumentos que sustentam a concepção que interpreta o valor como uma relação social.
caráter histórico do trabalho na sociedade produtora de valor: o trabalho abstrato como mediador social do capitalismo
Authors: Ferreira Lins Vinícius
Published: November 2023

Objetiva-se apresentar uma interpretação marxiana da teoria do valor-trabalho baseada no caráter especificamente capitalista do trabalho abstrato, compreendendo-o como mediador da interdependência social e elemento estruturante da sociedade orientada para a produção do valor. A título de aplicação da teoria, analisam-se as chamadas “novas” formas de trabalho, como a “uberização” e sua relação com formas “pretéritas” e, em seguida, a relação entre tecnologia, produtividade e valor. Mostrase como o aumento da produtividade não gera, por si mesmo, economia de trabalho vivo bem como porque o desenvolvimento da tecnologia não apenas não elimina o trabalho vivo como pode deteriorar as condições de trabalho. Como corolário, tem-se não a perda, mas o recrudescimento da centralidade do trabalho.
Interfacial Energy Level Alignment and Defect Passivation by Using a Multifunctional Molecular for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Yong‐Chun , Chen Li , Chen Xian‐Min , Ma Chun‐Ying , Lv Bing‐Hao , Wang Jiang‐Ying , Dou Wei‐Dong , Zhang Chu , Ma Ting‐Li , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: November 2023

Tin oxide (SnO2) is currently the dominating electron transport material (ETL) used in state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, there are amounts of defects distributed at the interface between ETL and perovskite to deteriorate PSC performance. Herein, a molecule bridging layer is built by incorporating 2,5‐dichloroterephthalic acid (DCTPA) into the interface between the SnO2 and perovskites to achieve better energy level alignment and superior interfacial contact. The multifunctional molecular bridging layer not only can passivate the trap states of Sn dangling bonds and oxygen vacancies resulting in improved conductivity and the electron extraction of SnO2 but also can regulate the perovskite crystal growth and reduce defect‐assisted nonradiative recombination due to its strong interaction with undercoordinated lead ions. As a result, the DCTPA‐modified PSCs achieve champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.25% and 20.23% for an active area of 0.15 cm2 device and 17.52 cm2 mini‐module, respectively. Moreover, the perovskite films and PSCs based on DCTPA modification show excellent long‐term stability. The unencapsulated target device can maintain over 90% of the initial PCE after 1000 h under ambient air. This strategy guides design methods of molecule bridging layer at the interface between SnO2 and perovskite to improve the performance of PSCs .
Fast‐Photocurable, Mechanically Robust, and Malleable Cellulosic Bio‐Thermosets Based on Hindered Urea Bond for Multifunctional Electronics
Authors: Shen Yi , Jia Qianqian , Xu Shijian , Yu Juan , Huang Caoxing , Wang Chunpeng , Lu Chuanwei , Yong Qiang , Wang Jifu , Chu Fuxiang
Published: November 2023

Malleable thermosets as dynamic covalent cross‐linked polymers, simultaneously possessing the advantages of thermosets and thermoplastics, have attracted considerable attention. Although several reprocessing concepts have been demonstrated, the fabrication of fast‐curing bio‐based strong and tough malleable thermosets for advanced applications in electronics remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel construction strategy of combining hindered urea bonds (HUB) and radical polymerization is developed to prepare fast‐photocurable and mechanically robust cellulose‐based malleable bio‐thermosets (CMTs). In this strategy, the functional cellulose macromonomer simultaneously has acrylate groups and HUB is first synthesized and employed as a macro‐crosslinker to react with plant oil‐based monomer to construct the malleable bio‐thermosets with “soft (plant oil‐based polymer)” and “hard (rigid cellulose)” phase architecture through the fast photocuring. The CMTs exhibit excellent flexibility and high toughness (2.89 MJ m−3), and the introduction of dynamic HUB endows the CMTs with excellent malleability and reprocessability by heating compression molding or solvent regeneration, the recovery efficiency reached 94.7%. More impressively, the CMTs can be used as substrates to fabricate CMTs/silver composite for anti‐icing or de‐icing devices, and CMTs‐based capacitive sensors for monitoring environmental humidity or human health. This work paves a new strategy to develop new‐generation fast‐photocurable mechanically robust, malleable bio‐thermosets for multifunctional electronic devices.
Exploring the Surface Oxidation and Environmental Instability of 2H‐/1T’‐MoTe2 Using Field Emission‐Based Scanning Probe Lithography
Authors: Reuter Christoph , Ecke Gernot , Strehle Steffen
Published: November 2023

An unconventional approach for the resistless nanopatterning 2H‐ and 1T’‐MoTe2 by means of scanning probe lithography is presented. A Fowler–Nordheim tunneling current of low energetic electrons (E = 30–60 eV) emitted from the tip of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever is utilized to induce a nanoscale oxidation on a MoTe2 nanosheet surface under ambient conditions. Due to the water solubility of the generated oxide, a direct pattern transfer into the MoTe2 surface can be achieved by a simple immersion of the sample in deionized water. The tip‐grown oxide is characterized using Auger electron and Raman spectroscopy, revealing it consists of amorphous MoO3/MoOx as well as TeO2/TeOx. With the presented technology in combination with subsequent AFM imaging it is possible to demonstrate a strong anisotropic sensitivity of 1T’‐/(Td)‐MoTe2 to aqueous environments. Finally the discussed approach is used to structure a nanoribbon field effect transistor out of a few‐layer 2H‐MoTe2 nanosheet.
Ni‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Homoallylic Coupling: Synthesis of Chiral Branched 1,5‐Dienes Featuring a Quaternary Stereogenic Center and Mechanistic Analysis
Authors: Ghorai Debasish , Garcia‐Roca Aleria , Tóth Balázs L. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: November 2023

Asymmetric synthesis of small molecules comprising quaternary stereogenic carbon centers represents a challenging objective. Here regio‐ and enantioselective synthesis of chiral 1,5‐dienes featuring quaternary stereocenters is reported via nickel‐promoted by reductive homoallylic coupling. The developed methodology features an atypical preference for the formation of unusual branched regioisomers (rr >20 : 1) in a sterically challenging allylic substitution event and furnishes the products with enantiomeric ratios of up to 98 : 2 and with high chemo‐ and E‐selectivity. A range of experimental evidences suggest that zinc plays a dual role to generate electrophilic and nucleophilic Ni(II)‐allyl intermediates empowering a unique formal bimetallic cross‐electrophile manifold in two separate kinetic regimes.
Preferential Binding of a Red Emissive Julolidine Derivative to a Promoter G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Metangle Sachin , Ranjan Nihar
Published: November 2023

The therapeutic potential of G‐quadruplexes has increased significantly with the growing understanding of their functional roles in pathogens apart from human diseases such as cancer. Here, we report the synthesis of three julolidine‐based molecules and their binding to nucleic acids. Among the synthesized molecules, compound 1 exhibited red emissive fluorescence with a distinct preference for Pu22 G‐quadruplex. The binding of compound 1 to Pu22 G‐quadruplex, initially identified through a fluorescence‐based screening, was further confirmed by UV‐vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism‐based experiments. Thermal denaturation of compound 1 in the presence of Pu22 G‐quadruplex revealed a concentration‐dependent stabilization (~10.0 °C at 1 : 3 stoichiometry). Fluorescence‐based experiments revealed 1 : 1 stoichiometry of the interaction and an association constant (Ka) of 5.67×106 M−1. CD experiments displayed that the parallel conformation of the G‐quadruplex was retained on compound 1’s binding and signs of higher order binding/complex formation were observed at high compound 1 to DNA ratio. Molecular docking studies revealed the dominance of stacking and van der Waals interactions in the molecular recognition which was aided by some close‐distance interactions involving the quinolinium nitrogen atom.
Pyrrole: A Decisive Scaffold for the Development of Therapeutic Agents and Structure‐Activity Relationship
Authors: Ganesh Bharathi Hassan , Raj Anirudh G. , Aruchamy Baladhandapani , Nanjan Pandurangan , Drago Carmelo , Ramani Prasanna
Published: November 2023

An overview of pyrroles as distinct scaffolds with therapeutic potential and the significance of pyrrole derivatives for drug development are provided in this article. It lists instances of naturally occurring pyrrole‐containing compounds and describes the sources of pyrroles in nature, including plants and microbes. It also explains the many conventional and modern synthetic methods used to produce pyrroles. The key topics are the biological characteristics, pharmacological behavior, and functional alterations displayed by pyrrole derivatives. It also details how pyrroles are used to treat infectious diseases. It describes infectious disorders resistant to standard treatments and discusses the function of compounds containing pyrroles in combating infectious diseases. Furthermore, the review covers the uses of pyrrole derivatives in treating non‐infectious diseases and resistance mechanisms in non‐infectious illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The important discoveries and probable avenues for pyrrole research are finally summarized, along with their significance for medicinal chemists and drug development. A reference from the last two decades is included in this review.
Vitamin D Oral Replacement in Children With Obesity Related Asthma: VDORA1 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: O'Sullivan Brian , Ounpraseuth Song , James Laura , Majure Marc , Lang Jason , Hu Zhuopei , Simon Alan , Bickel Scott , Ely Brian , Faricy L.E. , Garza Maryam , Greer Melody , Hsia Daniel , Jefferson Akilah , Knight Lisa , Lee Jeannette , Liptzin Deborah , Haktanir Abul Mehtap , Perry Tamara T. , Prior Fred , SanGiovanni Christine , Tam‐Williams Jade , Wu Brian , Snowden Jessica ,   ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trial Network
Published: November 2023

Children with asthma and obesity are more likely to have lower vitamin D levels, but the optimal replacement dose is unknown in this population. The objective of this study is identifying a vitamin D dose in children with obesity‐related asthma that safely achieves serum vitamin D levels of ≥ 40 ng/mL. This prospective multisite randomized controlled trial recruited children/adolescents with asthma and body mass index ≥ 85% for age/sex. Part 1 (dose finding), evaluated 4 oral vitamin D regimens for 16 weeks to identify a replacement dose that achieved serum vitamin D levels ≥ 40 ng/mL. Part 2 compared the replacement dose calculated from part 1 (50,000 IU loading dose with 8,000 IU daily) to standard of care (SOC) for 16 weeks to identify the proportion of children achieving target serum 25(OH)D level. Part 1 included 48 randomized participants. Part 2 included 64 participants. In Part 1, no SOC participants achieved target serum level, but 50–72.7% of participants in cohorts A‐C achieved the target serum level. In part 2, 78.6% of replacement dose participants achieved target serum level compared with none in the SOC arm. No related serious adverse events were reported. This trial confirmed a 50,000 IU loading dose plus 8,000 IU daily oral vitamin D as safe and effective in increasing serum 25(OH)D levels in children/adolescents with overweight/obesity to levels ≥ 40 ng/mL. Given the critical role of vitamin D in many conditions complicating childhood obesity, these data close a critical gap in our understanding of vitamin D dosing in children.
Lygus Bug and Alfalfa Weevil Insecticide Resistance in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Walsh Doug , Waters Tim , Adesanya Adekunle
Published: November 2023

In Washington State, east of the Cascade Mountains, alfalfa is grown for seed and forage. Alfalfa weevils are the primary defoliators of alfalfa grown for forage and seed, and Lygus bugs are the key direct pest in alfalfa seed production in the Pacific Northwest. Both alfalfa weevil and Lygus bugs are controlled by insecticide applications. Some levels of insecticide resistance have been observed in recent years. This article reports on a series of experiments that were conducted to quantify the resistance status of Lygus bugs and alfalfa weevils to several insecticides in Washington State. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Ergot in Pacific Northwest Grass Seed Crops
Authors: Dung Jeremiah K.S.
Published: November 2023

Ergot is a floral disease of grasses and a persistent problem in many cool‐season grass seed production systems. The disease is particularly important and challenging in irrigated perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass seed production systems in Oregon and Washington. This article will discuss ergot biology, epidemiology, and management in grass seed crops as well as current and future research efforts. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Evaluation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Isoquinol‐Based BODIPY Dyes and Their Properties as Molecular Rotors
Authors: Swavey Shawn , Heidary David , Boyd Emma , Erb Jeremy
Published: November 2023

A series of six new isoquinol‐based BODIPY dyes have been synthesized by a two‐step method. Unlike traditional synthetic methods, synthesis did not require the use of oxidizing agents or solvent. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and DFT calculations indicate that the properties associated with the six dyes are very similar with little influence of the meso‐substituents. Viscosity studies identified three of the new dyes having properties of molecular rotors for applications in the detection of changes in cellular viscosity. Incubation of the dyes with the HEK cell line show no toxicity up to 10 μM over a 72 h. period. The dyes show the ability to localize within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells. With two of the dyes showing favorable comparisons to commercially available ER dyes.
Hybrid Steroid‐[60]Fullerene as n‐Type Material for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Lemos Reinier , Perez‐Badell Yoana , Ortiz Orlando , Almagro Luis , Rodríguez Hortensia , Herranz María Ángeles , Suarez Margarita , Martín Nazario
Published: November 2023

Fullerene derivatives have been used as electron acceptor and transport materials in organic photovoltaics as well as in perovskite solar cells. Among them, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been one of the most widely used, in combination with poly‐3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT) as an electron donor semiconducting polymer, for the fabrication of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJ‐OSC). In this work, a steroid‐fullerene hybrid was synthesized through the Bingel–Hirsch reaction to compare its properties with PC61BM as the reference structure. Different spectroscopic techniques were employed to characterize the new fullerene derivative, namely 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cyclic voltammetry were also performed. The characterization was completed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which explore the hybrid‘s morphology, where the presence of the steroid moiety increases the solubility of the fullerene material. DFT/PBE−D3(BJ)/6‐311G(d,p) calculations for both the steroid‐fullerene hybrid and PC61BM allowed to obtain geometry optimizations and electronic structure data. A comparative study to analyze the nature of the electronic properties of the synthesized steroid‐[60]fullerene hybrid and PC61BM with an oligomer of ten thiophene units, used in the active layer of organic solar cells, was carried out. Electron density maps using the [CIS|CNDOL/21] approach illustrate the photoexcitation of the donor followed by an electron‐charge transfer to the acceptor fullerene.
Abortion as healthcare: The adaptability of medicalization and legalization in post‐repeal anti‐abortion politics
Authors: Waltz Charlotte
Published: November 2023

After a 35‐year‐long constitutional ban on abortion, the Eighth Amendment was repealed in May 2018 and the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 was introduced in the Republic of Ireland. Although “Repeal” and the legalization of abortion marked a significant transformation in reproductive governance, many aspects of the new abortion policy continue to complicate abortion care access and provision. In this article, I explore the mobilizations of health and rights in political discourses on abortion after legalization. In doing so, I identify how moral governance operates in post‐Repeal abortion politics. I critically consider restrictive strategies in abortion politics in Ireland and compare these to a number of recent key anti‐abortion tactics in the United States. As such, I situate post‐Repeal and post‐Roe abortion debates within parallel temporalities of abortion governance and highlight the adaptability of discourses on health and rights in shifting legal contexts.
Establishment of a tissue‐engineered colon cancer model for comparative analysis of cancer cell lines
Authors: Hassani Iman , Anbiah Benjamin , Moore Andrew L. , Abraham Peter T. , Odeniyi Ifeoluwa A. , Habbit Nicole L. , Greene Michael W. , Lipke Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2023

To overcome the limitations of in vitro two‐dimensional (2D) cancer models in mimicking the complexities of the native tumor milieu, three‐dimensional (3D) engineered cancer models using biomimetic materials have been introduced to more closely recapitulate the key attributes of the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, for colorectal cancer (CRC), a few studies have developed 3D engineered tumor models to investigate cell–cell interactions or efficacy of anti‐cancer drugs. However, recapitulation of CRC cell line phenotypic differences within a 3D engineered matrix has not been systematically investigated. Here, we developed an in vitro 3D engineered CRC (3D‐eCRC) tissue model using the natural‐synthetic hybrid biomaterial PEG‐fibrinogen and three CRC cell lines, HCT 116, HT‐29, and SW480. To better recapitulate native tumor conditions, our 3D‐eCRC model supported higher cell density encapsulation (20 × 106 cells/mL) and enabled longer term maintenance (29 days) as compared to previously reported in vitro CRC models. The 3D‐eCRCs formed using each cell line demonstrated line‐dependent differences in cellular and tissue properties, including cellular growth and morphology, cell subpopulations, cell size, cell granularity, migration patterns, tissue growth, gene expression, and tissue stiffness. Importantly, these differences were found to be most prominent from Day 22 to Day 29, thereby indicating the importance of long‐term culture of engineered CRC tissues for recapitulation and investigation of mechanistic differences and drug response. Our 3D‐eCRC tissue model showed high potential for supporting future in vitro comparative studies of disease progression, metastatic mechanisms, and anti‐cancer drug candidate response in a CRC cell line‐dependent manner.
Mechanical response of shield tunnel lining under nonlinear wave and current action in sloping seabed
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Han Yangyang , Lv Xilin , Chen Jinpeng , Pan Yutao , Ni Yin
Published: November 2023

With the increasing demand for transportation construction in coastal areas, tunnel safety research is becoming increasingly important. Previous studies take less account of the nonlinear wave and current action under the sloping seabed terrain. Furthermore, there are few researches on the additional deformation of shield tunnel lining caused by wave‐current dynamic pressure. In this paper, according to the interaction theory of Stokes third‐order nonlinear wave and uniform current and Biot's dynamic consolidation equation, the excess pore pressure response of sloping pure seabed under the wave‐current action is obtained. The excess pore pressure reflected by the tunnel is acquired using the seepage continuity condition on the permeable lining surface. Considering the residual excess pore pressure caused by the cumulative effect under the cyclic action of seepage force. Then the distribution law of seepage pore pressure around the shield tunnel in the sloping seabed under the wave‐current action is obtained based on the superposition principle. The displacement response of tunnel lining during the long‐term service period is obtained by combining the exponential decay model. Moreover, the accuracy of theoretical analysis is verified by experimental monitoring data and numerical simulation, and the hydraulic parameters, seabed parameters and tunnel parameters are analyzed.
Leaping fishbot by combustion and propulsion hybrid actuation
Authors: He Zhiguo , Lin Guanzheng , Yang Yang , Jiao Pengcheng
Published: November 2023

Autonomous underwater vehicles have been extensively developed in the past decades and deployed for various ocean research activities. While the leaping‐out motions of underwater creatures have motivated the development of underwater robots with the motion ability to jump out of water, the dynamics of such jumping robots have not been fully described. In this study, we developed a leaping fishbot, a flying fish‐inspired underwater soft robot that can leap out of the water and further sail on the surface using the combustion and propulsion hybrid actuation. Specifically, the fishbot uses the transient driving method, in which a premixed oxygen–propane gas generates an instant pushing impulse to launch the robot out of the water at a transiently high speed while the attached jetting propellers provide a sustained thrust as it swims on the water surface at a stable velocity. A series of flume experiments and solid–fluid hybrid computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations were conducted to study the kinematic performance of the robot. Experimental results established a quantitative relationship between the kinematic performance, gas amount, and launch angle. The numerical results accurately predicted the water–air multiphase jumping motions, the numerical result of kinematic was significantly agreeing with the experimental results, the error in the horizontal direction is less than 15%, and that in the vertical direction is less than 10%. We further analyzed the flow field generated by the leaping fishbot to gain a better understanding of the velocity and vortex distribution around it. Our research findings provide valuable insights into bionic application of underwater robots in the future.
Feature selection under budget constraint in medical applications: analysis of penalized empirical risk minimization methods
Authors: Klonecki Tomasz , Teisseyre Paweł
Published: November 2023

Feature selection is a crucial step when building supervised predictive models. In many medical applications, features are associated with costs. For example, the diagnostic value extracted by a clinical test is associated with its own cost. Costs can also refer to a non-financial aspects, such as a decision between an invasive exploratory surgery and a simple blood test. Traditional feature selection methods, which ignore costs, aim to choose a subset of features that maximize the accuracy of the corresponding model. However, such a model can be impractical as the total cost of making a prediction may exceed the assumed user-specified budget. In cost-constrained methods, it is necessary to take into account both the relevance of the feature and its cost. We focus on embedded feature selection methods based on a very general penalized empirical risk minimization framework that includes various loss functions. The most natural$$\ell _0$$ℓ0-type penalty is computationally intractable and therefore we analyze other penalties such as: the cost-sensitive lasso and adaptive lasso, non-convex penalties and the method based on knockoffs. The experiments performed on real medical datasets, including large database MIMIC, indicate that non-convex penalties give promising results, in particular they allow to achieve high accuracy, especially when the assumed budget is low. Our model achieved AUC 0.88 for the MIMIC-II dataset in which we predict the occurrence of liver diseases based on clinical features with a budget equal to (5%) of the cost of all available features, which is significantly better than the AUC for the traditional method. Moreover, the fraction of feature cost wasted for noisy features in our method is usually lower than for cost-sensitive lasso.
Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands
Authors: Anthony Tyler L. , Silver Whendee L.
Published: November 2023

Drained agricultural peatlands occupy only 1% of agricultural land but are estimated to be responsible for approximately one third of global cropland greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent studies show that greenhouse gases fluxes from agricultural peatlands can vary by orders of magnitude over time. The relationship between these hot moments (individual fluxes with disproportionate impact on annual budgets) of greenhouse gas emissions and individual chamber locations (i.e. hot spots with disproportionate observations of hot moments) is poorly understood, but may help elucidate patterns and drivers of high greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatland soils. We used continuous chamber-based flux measurements across three land uses (corn, alfalfa, and pasture) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of soil greenhouse gas emissions from temperate agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. We found that the location of hot spots of emissions varied over time and were not consistent across annual timescales. Hot moments of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were more evenly distributed across space than methane (CH4). In the corn system, hot moments of CH4 flux were often isolated to a single location but locations were not consistent across years. Spatiotemporal variability in soil moisture, soil oxygen, and temperature helped explain patterns in N2O fluxes in the annual corn agroecosystem but were less informative for perennial alfalfa N2O fluxes or CH4 fluxes across ecosystems, potentially due to insufficient spatiotemporal resolution of the associated drivers. Overall, our results do not support the concept of persistent hot spots of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in these drained agricultural peatlands. Hot moments of high flux events generally varied in space and time and thus required high sample densities. Our results highlight the importance of constraining hot moments and their controls to better quantify ecosystem greenhouse gas budgets.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced learning analytics (LA) for supporting Career decisions: advantages and challenges from user perspective
Authors: Gedrimiene Egle , Celik Ismail , Kaasila Antti , Mäkitalo Kati , Muukkonen Hanni
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and learning analytics (LA) tools are increasingly implemented as decision support for learners and professionals. However, their affordances for guidance purposes have yet to be examined. In this paper, we investigated advantages and challenges of AI-enhanced LA tool for supporting career decisions from the user perspective. Participants (N = 106) interacted with the AI-enhanced LA tool and responded to open-ended questionnaire questions. Content analysis was utilized for the data analysis applying two distinct and robust frameworks: technology acceptance model (TAM) and career decision-making model (CDM) as well as looking into user needs. Results indicate that the AI-enhanced LA tool provided five main benefits to the users: provision of career information, research and analysis of the information, diversification of ideas on possible career paths, providing direction and decision support, and self-reflection. The participants perceived the AI-enhanced LA tool as a supportive asset to be used in transitional life situations characterized with uncertainty. Considerable use difficulties were reported as well as need for further diversification of ideas on possible career paths, need for personalization and self-reflection support, and need for further information. Results regarding perceived support for making career decisions showed that CDM elements were unequally supported by the AI-enhanced LA tool. Most support was focused to investigate smaller number of provided options and make decisions, while contextual information was lacking. Implications for career decision making are discussed.
Response of streamflow and nutrient loads in a small temperate catchment subject to land use change
Authors: Ayele Gebiaw T. , Yu Bofu , Bruere Andy , Hamilton David P.
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of land use change (LUC) implemented to meet nutrient load targets for a freshwater lake in New Zealand. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in combination with a non-parametric statistical test to determine whether afforestation of 15% of a subcatchment area was adequate to meet assigned nutrient load targets. A regional management authority set nutrient load targets of reduction in total nitrogen (TN) by 0.9 t yr−1 and reduction in total phosphorus (TP) by 0.05 t yr−1 to avoid eutrophication in the receiving waters of a freshwater lake. The load reduction was designed to be achieved through 200 ha of LUC from pasture to trees. Analysis of nutrient loads before, during, and following LUC shows that a 15% increase in forest cover decreased the annual flow (7.2%), TP load (33.3%), and TN load (13.1%). As flow and water quality observations were discrete and at irregular intervals, we used a parametric test and the SWAT model as different lines of evidence to demonstrate the effect of afforestation on flow and water quality. Policymakers concerned with decisions about LUC to improve the quality of receiving waters can benefit from applying our findings and using a statistical and numerical modelling framework to evaluate the adequacy of land use change to support improvements in water quality.
Systematic Search and Scoping Review of Physicians’ Intolerance of Uncertainty and Medical Decision-Making Uncertainties During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Summary of the Literature and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Appel Helmut , Sanatkar Samineh
Published: November 2023

Pandemic-related uncertainties and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) could negatively affect physicians’ well-being and functioning, being associated with experiences of distress and problematic decision-making processes. To summarize the available quantitative and qualitative evidence of physicians’ IU and decisional uncertainty during COVID-19 and problems associated with it, a systematic search was conducted to identify all relevant articles describing physician uncertainty with regard to medical decision making and well-being in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Medical, psychological, and preprint databases were searched. Ten articles met all eligibility criteria, with eight describing quantitative and two describing qualitative research outcomes, assessed primarily in European regions and via online surveys. Associations between IU and symptoms of poor mental health and mental health risk factors were widespread, but inconsistencies emerged. Qualitative studies emphasized decisional uncertainty as a stressor for physicians, and quantitative studies suggest it may have fostered more unproven treatment choices. While the prevalence and impact of physician uncertainty under COVID-19 conditions requires further investigation, sighting available literature indicates that IU coincided with experiences of poor mental health and, at least towards the beginning of the pandemic, with willingness to endorse unproven treatments. Efforts to reduce uncertainty-related problems for physicians seem warranted, for example, through normalizing experiences of uncertainty or reducing avoidable uncertainty through maintaining open and timely communication channels.
Spectrofluorimetric Protocol for Estimation of Commonly Used Antispasmodic Drotaverine. Fluorescence Quenching Study
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Mahmoud Nihad A. , Noureldeen Deena A. M. , Attia Tamer Z.
Published: November 2023

A fast, simple, accurate, precise, and cheap fluorimetric protocol has been proposed for analysis of a phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitor, namely drotaverine hydrochloride. Fluorimetric protocol is based on estimating the decrease in the eosin Y fluorescence intensity by quantitative addition of drotaverine at pH 3.1 (acetate buffer). An ion pair complex is formed, which leads to quenching in the fluorescence intensity of the dye without need of prior extraction at 534 nm (λex. 339 nm). Different reaction perimeters which influence the production of complex (ion pair between drotaverine and eosin) were deeply investigated and optimized. The developed fluorimetric protocol is capable for quantitative estimation of drotaverine in linear range of 0.4 to 2.5 µg mL−1. After method validation in respect to ICH guidelines, it was applied to determine drotaverine in its commercial preparation. By comparing with other reported method, the developed and validated fluorimetric protocol is capable for estimation of drotaverine in commercial preparation with good accuracy and excellent precision.
Legal Survivals and the Resilience of Juridical Form
Authors: Mańko Rafał
Published: November 2023

Legal institutions are created at a certain point in time, intended to be applied to ‘life’ as it is perceived at the specific moment when they are elaborated and cast into legal form. As a result, legal institutions always already refer, in their original design, to a certain normality, but between the moment of creation of a legal institution and its application to future situations there is always a certain time lag. Some legal institutions—referred to in the paper as “legal survivals” –outlive the epoch in which they were created and continue their legal life long after the conditions which lead to their creation had, in the meantime, disappeared. The aim of this paper is to put forward an archaeologico–genealogical perspective on legal survivals not only as a method of studying continuity of law and the resilience of juridical form, but also as a line of enquiry capable of enriching our understanding of the juridical in its relation to the changing circumstances of life. The study of legal survivals allows to combine three aspects of legal continuity: firstly, the continued use of the same legal forms in different circumstances and for different purposes, whereby the same juridical form is filled with different socio-economic substance; secondly, the gradual adaptation of legal forms to new circumstances; thirdly, the emergence of new legal forms in close reference to old ones. The study of legal survivals allows to address the foundations of law’s claims to authority, based on stability and predictability of juridical forms. It also reveals the complex and multilayered nature of legal form which effectively has the structure of a palimpsest.
QuickAware: a virtual reality tool for quick clay landslide hazard awareness
Authors: Alene Gebray H. , Depina Ivan , Thakur Vikas , Perkis Andrew , Bruland Oddbjørn
Published: November 2023

Disaster emergency management is crucial for safeguarding lives and the environment in the face of natural and human-caused calamities, such as quick clay landslides. Disaster emergency management encompasses hazard identification, prevention, response, and recovery, most of which require knowledge and information acquired through training initiatives. Quick clay landslides pose a substantial hazard in regions like Scandinavia, Canada, Alaska, and Russia. With numerous historical incidents, knowledge-based awareness of quick clay landslide hazards is of paramount importance. In recent years, the area of application of virtual reality (VR) has grown tremendously from the entertainment industry to the military, to mental health, to hazard identification training and our daily lives. VR has been widely employed in hazard identification and prevention, safety training, evacuation, search and rescue, and damage identification of hazards. This study outlines the design, development, and implementation of QuickAware, a VR tool designed to create awareness of quick clay hazards. The development process of the tool started with a co-design approach where stakeholder experts were brought to collaborate in setting up VR scenarios and defining the VR environment contents. The contents were then conceptualized and translated into a VR experience. The novelty of the tool is that it immerses users in a realistic experience, allowing them to engage directly with the causes and consequences of quick clay landslide disasters which would be dangerous in real-life. The usability of the VR tool was examined by surveying 16 participants. The preliminary results of the survey indicated that the tool has a promising value in improving awareness creation for quick clay landslide hazards.
Adaptive step-size control for global approximation of SDEs driven by countably dimensional Wiener process
Authors: Stępień Łukasz
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we deal with the global approximation of solutions of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by countably dimensional Wiener process. Under certain regularity conditions imposed on the coefficients, we show lower bounds for exact asymptotic error behaviour. For that reason, we analyse separately two classes of admissible algorithms: based on equidistant, and possibly not equidistant meshes. Our results indicate that in both cases, decrease of any method error requires significant increase of the cost term, which is illustrated by the product of cost and error diverging to infinity. This is, however, not visible in the finite-dimensional case. In addition, we propose an implementable, path-independent Euler algorithm with adaptive step-size control, which is asymptotically optimal among algorithms using specified truncation levels of the underlying Wiener process. Our theoretical findings are supported by numerical simulation in Python language.
Finding, distinguishing, and understanding overlooked policy entrepreneurs
Authors: Arnold Gwen , Klasic Meghan , Wu Changtong , Schomburg Madeline , York Abigail
Published: November 2023

Scholars have spent decades arguing that policy entrepreneurs, change agents who work individually and in groups to influence the policy process, can be crucial in introducing policy innovation and spurring policy change. How to identify policy entrepreneurs empirically has received less attention. This oversight is consequential because scholars trying to understand when policy entrepreneurs emerge, and why, and what makes them more or less successful, need to be able to identify these change agents reliably and accurately. This paper explores the ways policy entrepreneurs are currently identified and highlights issues with current approaches. We introduce a new technique for eliciting and distinguishing policy entrepreneurs, coupling automated and manual analysis of local news media and a survey of policy entrepreneur candidates. We apply this technique to the empirical case of unconventional oil and gas drilling in Pennsylvania and derive some tentative results concerning factors which increase entrepreneurial efficacy.
Differences in health-related quality of life between native and foreign-born gynaecological cancer patients in Sweden: a five-year cross-sectional study
Authors: Karlsson Rosenblad Andreas , Westman Bodil , Bergkvist Karin , Segersvärd Ralf , Roos Nathalie , Bergenmar Mia , Sharp Lena
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To examine differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between native and foreign-born gynaecological cancer patients in Sweden, taking into account clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors.

Methods

The 30-item European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and a study-specific questionnaire covering demographic and socioeconomic factors were answered by 684 women aged ≥ 18 years old, diagnosed in 2014, 2016, or 2018 with gynaecological cancer in the Stockholm-Gotland health care region, Sweden. Clinical data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Register. Data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and linear regression.

Results

The women had a mean age of 65.4 years, with 555 (81.1%) born in Sweden, 54 (7.9%) in other Nordic countries (ONC), 43 (6.3%) in other European countries (OEC), and 32 (4.7%) in non-European countries (NEC). HRQoL differed significantly between the four groups for 14 of the 15 QLQ-C30 scales/items. On average, Swedish-born women scored 2.0, 15.2, and 16.7 points higher for QoL/functioning scales/items and 2.2, 14.1, and 18.7 points lower for symptom scales/items, compared with ONC-, OEC-, and NEC-born women, respectively. In adjusted analyses, none of the differences between Swedish-born and ONC-born women were significant, while for OEC- and NEC-born women the differences were significant for most QLQ-C30 scales/items.

Conclusion

HRQoL differs between native and foreign-born gynaecological cancer patients in Sweden, with lower HRQoL the further from Sweden the women are born. A more individualised cancer care, with tailored support to optimize HRQoL is needed for this vulnerable group of patients.