bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a novel computer‐aided diagnosis system in the characterization of colorectal polyps, and its role in meeting Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations standards set by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Hossain Ejaz , Abdelrahim Mohamed , Tanasescu Andrea , Yamada Masayoshi , Kondo Hiroko , Yamada Shijemi , Hamamoto Ryuji , Marugame Atsushi , Saito Yutaka , Bhandari Pradeep
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

There has been an increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the characterization of colorectal polyps. Recently, a novel AI algorithm for the characterization of polyps was developed by NEC Corporation (Japan). The aim of our study is to perform an external validation of this algorithm.

Methods

The study was a video‐based evaluation of the computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx) system. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were recruited to record videos of colonic polyps. The frozen polyp images extracted from these videos were used for real‐time histological prediction by the endoscopists and by the CADx system, and the results were compared.

Results

A total of 115 polyp images were extracted from 66 patients. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy for diminutive polyps on white light imaging (WLI) and image‐enhanced endoscopy (IEE) when assessed by CADx was 90.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 77.3–100] and 95.8% [95% CI 87.5–100], 80% [95% CI 44.4–97.5] and 90.9% [95% CI 58.7–99.8], 84.8% [95% CI 72.7‐97] and 84.6% [95%CI 71.8‐94.9], respectively, compared to 48.1% [95%CI 37.7–59.1] and 72% [95% CI 62.5–81], 37.5% [95% CI 28.8–46.8] and 55% [95% CI 44.7–65.0], 53.7% [95% CI 44.2–63.2] and 66.7% [95% CI 59.7–73.3] when assessed by endoscopists. Concordance between histology and CADx‐based post‐polypectomy surveillance intervals was 93.02% on WLI and 96% on IEE.

Conclusion

AI‐based optical diagnosis is promising and has the potential to be better than the performance of general endoscopists. We believe that AI can help make real‐time optical diagnoses of polyps meeting the Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations standards set by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
Altered brain spontaneous and synchronization activity in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Miao Yingwen , Wang Jin , Zhang Bing , Zhang Wen , Xu Xiang , Hou Yingjiao , Ding Qun , Yu Congcong , Zhang Zhou , Bi Yan , Zhu Dalong
Published: October 2022

Aims

This study aimed to explore the clinical features and spontaneous brain activity among patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and to investigate the relationship among these characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study using cognitive assessments and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to evaluate the cognitive function and brain activities of healthy controls (HCs) and patients with LADA. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed on the brain regions that showed significantly different activation in regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis between the two groups. Furthermore, a linear regression model was conducted for the association between metabolism and cognition.

Results

This study enrolled patients with LADA (and age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched HCs). Patients with LADA had worse cognitive status at the general level and poorer memory than controls. Rs‐fMRI analysis among patients with LADA showed decreased ReHo values in the right occipital lobe and temporal lobe and decreased seed‐based FC in the right parietal lobe compared to those of controls. The seed‐based FC values in the right parietal lobe were positively associated with word fluency and processing speed in patients with LADA. Furthermore, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in patients with LADA.

Conclusions

Patients with LADA had worse cognitive function and decreased spontaneous brain activity in the temporal lobe and occipital lobe compared to controls. Moreover, glycolipid metabolism was closely related to brain structure and function in patients with LADA.
Direct actions of dapagliflozin and interactions with LCZ696 and spironolactone on cardiac fibroblasts of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Ortega‐Paz Luis , Cristóbal Helena , Ortiz‐Perez José Tomás , García de Frutos Pablo , Mendieta Guiomar , Sandoval Elena , Rodriguez Juan José , Ortega Emilio , García‐Álvarez Ana , Brugaletta Salvatore , Sabaté Manel , Dantas Ana Paula
Published: October 2022

Aims

Inhibitors of SGLT2 (SGLT2i) have shown a positive impact in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nonetheless, the direct effects of SGLT2i on cardiac cells and how their association with main drugs used for HFrEF affect the behaviour and signalling pathways of myocardial fibroblasts are still unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of dapagliflozin alone and in combination with sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) or spironolactone on the function of myocardial fibroblasts of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

Myocardial fibroblasts isolated from HFrEF patients (n = 5) were treated with dapagliflozin alone (1 nM–1 μM) or combined with LCZ696 (100 nM) or spironolactone (100 nM). The migratory rate was determined by wound‐healing scratch assay. Expression of heart failure (HF) markers and signalling pathways activation were analysed with multiplexed protein array. Commercially available cardiac fibroblasts from healthy donors were used as Control (n = 4). Fibroblasts from HFrEF show higher migratory rate compared with control (P = 0.0036), and increased expression of HF markers [fold‐change (Log2): COL1A1–1.3; IL‐1b–1.9; IL‐6–1.7; FN1–2.9 (P < 0.05)]. Dapagliflozin slowed the migration rate of HFrEF fibroblasts in a dose‐dependent manner and markedly decreased the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, MMP3, MMP9, GAL3, and FN1. SGLT2i had no effect on control fibroblasts. These effects were associated with decreased phosphorylation of AKT/GSK3 and PYK2 kinases and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). A combination of dapagliflozin + LCZ696 further decreased fibroblast migration, although it did not have a significant effect on the regulation of signalling pathways and the expression of biomarkers induced by SGLT2 inhibition alone. In contrast, the combination of dapagliflozin + spironolactone did not change the migration rate of fibroblast but significantly altered SGLT2i responses on MMP9, GAL3, and IL‐1b expression, in association with increased phosphorylation of the kinases AKT/GSK3 and ERK1/2.

Conclusions

SGLT2i, LCZ696, and spironolactone modulate the function of isolated myocardial fibroblasts from HFrEF patients through the activation of different signalling pathways. The combination of SGLT2i + LCZ696 shows an additive effect on migration, while spironolactone modifies the signalling pathways activated by SGLT2i and its beneficial effects of biomarkers of heart failure.
To hit a home run as a heterotopic heart recipient—living with two hearts for over three decades: a case report
Authors: Alyaydin Emyal , Pogoda Christian , Welp Henryk , Dell'Aquila Angelo , Martens Sven , Yilmaz Ali , Reinecke Holger , Sindermann Juergen R.
Published: October 2022

Heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) is an alternative to the orthotopic technique in selected patients with terminal heart failure. We report the case of the longest survival after HHT, with an uneventful follow‐up for over three decades after transplantation. At the age of 25 years, endomyocardial fibrosis following myocarditis rendered the patient's native heart unable to maintain the body's needs. An allograft provided a second chance at life. The HHT technique was favoured due to severe pulmonary hypertension. The patient had an uneventful follow‐up since then. The scarcity of donors and the revolutionary advances in the mechanical circulatory device field restricted the utilization of the HHT technique, but it has the potential to provide an excellent prognosis with a good quality of life.
Efforts and Strategies for the Syntheses of Clavine‐Type Ergot Alkaloid Aurantioclavine
Authors: Ji Cong‐Bin , Hu Xin , Jiang Shi‐Zhi , Yang Jin‐Hui
Published: October 2022

Aurantioclavine, isolated by Kozlovskii from Penicillium aurantiovirens, is a unique member of the 3,4‐disubstituted indole alkaloids distinguished by an azepino[5,4,3‐cd]indole. As an essential intermediate in the biosynthesis of the complex polycyclic alkaloids of the fungal communesin, it has attracted considerable attention as a synthetic target. The development of various synthetic strategies for their application in total synthesis has been described. An overview focused on the synthesis of aurantioclavine from its first synthesis to the most recent one is present.
Comparison of [18F]F‐CNBI and [18F]F‐CNPIFE as Positron Emission Tomography Probes for Noninvasive Imaging of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 in Normal Mice
Authors: Stein Heather M. , Gundam Surendra R. , Bansal Aditya , Nelson Nicholas R. , Curran Geoffry L. , DeGrado Timothy R. , Frye Mark A. , Port John D. , Lowe Val J. , Murray Melissa E. , Pandey Mukesh K.
Published: October 2022

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 α/β is involved in dysregulation of neuronal tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is an unmet clinical need for a blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeable positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging of GSK‐3α/β in the brain to understand the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we synthesized two PET probes, [18F]F‐CNBI and [18F]F‐CNPIFE, and evaluated their BBB permeability and affinity towards GSK‐3α/β. [19F]F‐CNPIFE showed higher in‐vitro binding towards GSK‐3α/β (IC50=19.4±2.5 nM; n=3, for GSK‐3α, IC50=19.4±3.8 nM; n=3, for GSK‐3β) compared to [19F]F‐CNBI (IC50=107.6±26.0 nM; n=4, for GSK‐3α, IC50=105.3±18.2 nM; n=3, for GSK‐3β). [18F]F‐CNPIFE showed 9.5‐fold higher brain uptake than [18F]F‐CNBI, in normal FVB/NJ mice, which was increased by additional 1.5‐fold on co‐administration of [19F]F‐CNPIFE with respect to [18F]F‐CNBI. Overall, [18F]F‐CNPIFE is a promising PET probe for GSK‐3α/β imaging and warrants further evaluation in an AD mouse model.
Cascade Zinc‐ and Silver Catalyzed Stereospecific C−O and C−N Bond Formations
Authors: Ketan Das Bijay , Sarkar Tanumay , Kumar Maharana Prabhat , Kar Subhradeep , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: October 2022

Stereospecific cascade C−N and C−O bonds formation of oxiranes with N‐propargylamines is achieved to furnish functionalized dihydrooxazines by employing Zn/Ag relay catalysis. The reaction shows great functional group tolerance, and is practically scalable.
Existing state and solidification characteristics of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics from Mn‐bearing blast furnace slag
Authors: Guangyu Wang , Yongsheng Du , Yuhang Guo , Hongxia Zhang , Leibo Deng , Hua Chen , Ming Zhao
Published: October 2022

In this article, the high performance glass‐ceramics were prepared with Mn‐bearing blast furnace slag as the main raw material, Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 as composite nucleating agents. The existence state of Mn and Cr in glass‐ceramics and the mechanisms of solidification of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics were studied. The results showed that the high electric field characteristics of Cr ions contributed to the generation of spinel phase, while Mn ions can enter the spinel crystal by replacement method and exist stably in spinel crystal. The Mn ions were mainly distributed in the main crystalline phase of augite, the spinel phase and the glass phase. The depolymerization effect of the Mn ions in glass phase improved the crystallization characteristics of the glass‐ceramics, and promoted the transformation of the crystal morphology from dendrites to spherulites. Correspondingly, the density and Vickers hardness of glass‐ceramics showed an increasing trend with the increase of MnO2 additions, while the acid resistance and bending strength generally showed a decreasing trend. The result of leaching characteristics of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics suggested that the leaching concentration of heavy metals Cr and Mn were much lower than the standard value of leaching toxicity of hazardous waste, which indicated that the glass‐ceramics has a good stabilizing effect on heavy metals Cr and Mn. The results showed that the conversion of Mn‐bearing blast furnace slag into environmentally friendly glass‐ceramics can realize solid waste resource utilization.
Improving C3 photosynthesis by exploiting natural genetic variation: Hirschfeldia incana as a model species
Authors: Taylor Graham , Garassino Francesco , Aarts Mark G. M. , Harbinson Jeremy
Published: October 2022

Despite research efforts toward improving crop photosynthetic energy conversion efficiencies over the past 40 years, photosynthetic efficiencies remain far from their theoretical maxima. A major challenge has been that plant photosynthesis is a complex process, controlled by many underlying genetic factors and highly dynamic in response to short‐term environmental changes. Recent approaches to improving photosynthesis involved model‐based identification of the bottlenecks in photosynthesis followed by their genetic modification (GM). While these approaches were successful and inspirational, their dependency on the use of GM techniques may restrict their implementation in some jurisdictions. We therefore suggest greater research focus on a different, yet complementary, approach to improving photosynthetic efficiency: the exploration and exploitation of natural genetic variation in photosynthesis. A substantial improvement in phenotyping and genotyping technology over the past decade has highlighted natural variation in photosynthetic sub‐traits for crop and model species. However, a comprehensive understanding of all the factors responsible for photosynthetic limitations is still lacking. We therefore propose the use of high photosynthetic capacity species as models for the exploration of the physiological and genetic basis of high photosynthetic efficiency. While most high photosynthetic capacity species are not suitable as models due to complex genetics and evolutionary distance from crops, we have identified Brassicaceae species Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.‐Foss as a promising candidate. In this perspective paper, we describe and advocate the use of H. incana as a model for the exploration of high maximum CO2 assimilation rates (Pmax) found in some C3 species. We describe the basic biology and evolutionary history of the species and report preliminary data on its photosynthetic characteristics. Our findings suggest H. incana is an excellent model species for studies aiming at understanding natural genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency.
Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous alkaline basalts in the West Qinling: Constraints from olivine chemistry
Authors: Yang Zhen , Lai Shao‐Cong , Qin Jiang‐Feng , Zhu Ren‐Zhi , Liu Min , Zhang Fang‐Yi , Yang Hang , Zhu Yu
Published: October 2022

Olivine crystals in alkaline basalts preserve important information about the Oxygen fugacity and thermal condition of the mantle‐derived magma. This paper presents new olivine mineral chemistry and whole‐rock geochemistry for Early‐Cretaceous alkali basalts in the Ganjia area, northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The olivine phenocrysts of Ganjia basalts have low Ni (74–2261 ppm) and high Ca contents (1217–4443 ppm), similar to the olivines in MORB, suggesting that they were crystallized from peridotite‐derived basaltic magma. Al‐in‐olivine/spinel thermometer results indicate crystallization temperatures of olivine around 1202 ± 46°C, corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of 1279 ± 47°C, with low oxygen fugacity of FMQ −1 to FMQ 0, suggesting a reduced mantle source. Whole‐rock geochemical compositions of the Ganjia basalts were characterized by low SiO2 contents (45.39%–48.70 wt%), high alkali contents (3.88–5.11 wt%), positive Nb and Ta anomalies, and enrichment in LREEs, HFSEs and LILEs, similar to those of OIB rocks, with high ratios of (Dy/Yb)N (1.38–1.54) and (La/Yb)N (5.37–7.42) ratios, indicating garnet residue. The above results suggest that the Early Cretaceous intraplate alkaline basalts in West Qinling were formed by a low degree of partial melting of peridotite and that no high‐temperature mantle plume existed. The Qinling Orogenic Belt may have been affected by the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific. We propose that the Ganjia basalts originated from the interaction between the upwelling asthenosphere and a lithospheric source.
Metabolic syndrome and risk of death in older adults with major psychiatric disorders: Results from a 5‐year prospective multicenter study
Authors: Abou Kassm Sandra , Sánchez Rico Marina , Naja Wadih , Alvarado Jesús M. , Halaby Athar , Limosin Frédéric , Hoertel Nicolas ,   CSA Study group
Published: October 2022

Objectives

No study has explored the association of individual components of metabolic syndrome with mortality in older patients with psychiatric disorders. In this report, we examined whether metabolic syndrome or any of its components predicted mortality in a cohort of older adults with psychiatric disorders.

Methods

We used data from a multicenter 5‐year prospective cohort, including 634 in‐ and out‐patients with schizophrenia, bipolar or major depressive disorder. Metabolic syndrome was assessed at baseline following NCEP‐ATPIII criteria. Cause of death was categorized as cardiovascular disorder (CVD) mortality, non‐CVD disease‐related mortality (e.g., infections), suicide and accident.

Results

122 participants (44.0%) were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome at baseline. In the full sample, there was no significant association between metabolic syndrome or any of its components with all‐cause, CVD and non‐CVD mortality. However, for the subpopulation of older adults with major depressive disorder, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with increased all‐cause and disease‐related mortality after adjustment for age, sex and smoking status (p = 0.032 and p = 0.036, respectively). There was a significant interaction between metabolic syndrome and psychiatric diagnoses indicating that in participants with major depressive disorder, metabolic syndrome had a significantly greater effect on all‐cause mortality (p = 0.025) and on disease‐related mortality (p = 0.008) than in participants with either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Conclusions

Our findings do not support an association between metabolic syndrome and increased mortality in older patients with major psychiatric disorders. Several explanations are discussed, including a survival bias, a lack of sensitivity of the used cut‐offs and a ceiling effect of metabolic syndrome on mortality in this very high‐risk population. The latter hypothesis could also explain the significant association between metabolic syndrome and mortality in the depressive subgroup, where a ceiling effect is yet to be reached, given the less marked premature mortality in depressive patients compared to those with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
Efficacy of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosing of oral cancerous lesion: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: October 2022

Non‐invasive diagnostic tools that facilitate visualization of potentially malignant oral lesions and cancers have been introduced. Oral lesions detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compared to reference results based on histological findings. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), along with summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC), area under SROC, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values, were the outcomes. The DOR of OCT was 86.9190 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.7435, 194.9985), and the area under SROC was 0.951. OCT showed good sensitivity (0.9138; 95% CI: 0.8758, 0.9409) and specificity (0.9110; 95% CI: 0.8568, 0.9460), and a high negative predictive value (0.9225; 95% CI: 0.8863, 0.9478). Diagnostic sensitivity was higher when using artificial intelligence and automated algorithms compared to diagnoses made by clinicians. OCT is non‐invasive, provides rapid results without radiation exposure, and can aid in the diagnosis and follow‐up of oral cancer and oral precancerous lesions.
New insights into glioma frequency maps: From genetic and transcriptomic correlate to survival prediction
Authors: Bao Hongbo , Ren Peng , Yi Liye , Lv Zhonghua , Ding Wencai , Li Chenlong , Li Siyang , Li Zhipeng , Yang Xue , Liang Xia , Liang Peng
Published: October 2022

Increasing evidence indicates that glioma topographic location is linked to the cellular origin, molecular alterations and genetic profile. This research aims to (a) reveal the underlying mechanisms of tumor location predilection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and lower‐grade glioma (LGG) and (b) leverage glioma location features to predict prognosis. MRI images from 396 GBM and 190 LGG (115 astrocytoma and 75 oligodendroglioma) patients were standardized to construct frequency maps and analyzed by voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping. We then investigated the spatial correlation between glioma distribution with gene expression in healthy brains. We also evaluated transcriptomic differences in tumor tissue from predilection and nonpredilection sites. Furthermore, we quantitively characterized tumor anatomical localization and explored whether it was significantly related to overall survival. Finally, we employed a support vector machine to build a survival prediction model for GBM patients. GBMs exhibited a distinct location predilection from LGGs. GBMs were nearer to the subventricular zone and more likely to be localized to regions enriched with synaptic signaling, whereas astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma tended to occur in areas associated with the immune response. Synapse, neurotransmitters and calcium ion channel‐related genes were all activated in GBM tissues coming from predilection regions. Furthermore, we characterized tumor location features in terms of a series of tumor‐to‐predilection distance metrics, which were able to predict GBM 1‐year survival status with an accuracy of 0.71. These findings provide new perspectives on our understanding of tumor anatomic localization. The spatial features of glioma are of great value in individual therapy and prognosis prediction.
Adropin and MOTS‐c as new peptides: Do levels change in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke?
Authors: Saçmacı Hikmet , Çakır Murat , Özcan Seda S.
Published: October 2022

Background

Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (AD, PD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are thought to be deeply affected by changes in the pathophysiological processes of neurons. As new peptides, it was aimed to evaluate the level of adropin and MOTS‐c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA‐c) and its possible relationship with NSE (neuron‐specific enolase) and NF‐L (neurofilament light chain) in terms of neuronal interaction.

Methods

This study was conducted with 32 patients from each subgroup and group‐appropriate controls. Disease identifiers and hemogram/biochemical parameters specific to the groups of participants were obtained. Additionally, plasma adropin, MOTS‐c, NSE, and NF‐L levels were evaluated by the ELISA method.

Results

Plasma adropin levels were decreased in the AD group and decreased in MOTS‐c, AIS, and AD groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Similar values were found in the MS group compared to its control (p > 0.05). In correlation analysis of these markers with laboratory parameters, while platelet and cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with adropin levels; platelet, lymphocyte, and triglyceride levels were positively correlated with MOTS‐c (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study provides new information about adropin may be potentially important markers in AD and MOTS‐C in AIS and AD. Future studies are needed to examine the relationship between changes in metabolic profiles and these peptides.
Acid and alkali pretreatment of corn stalk for fractal‐like kinetic analysis of enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lu Jianping , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Qian , Chen Xiaoyan , Yu Qiang
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The conversion of lignocellulose to sugar is part of the process of lignocellulose biorefining and, therefore, is crucial for effective lignocellulose utilization.

RESULTS

In this study, alkali and acidic pretreatments were carried out to deconstruct corn stalk (CS) material for efficient subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Most xylan and lignin can be removed from CS material by acid and alkali pretreatments, respectively, as verified by XRD (X‐ray diffractometer) and FT‐IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analyses. Fractal‐like kinetics were assessed to analyze the effect of enzyme loading on the glucose and xylose sugar yields from the two pretreated CS materials, with fractal dimension considered as a dominant factor in rate constant decrease. Fractal dimension analysis demonstrated that the alkali pretreated CS was more easily hydrolyzed that the acid pretreated CS. For glucan hydrolysis, the effect of enzyme loading on the rate constant of the alkali pretreated CS was marginally higher than that of the acid pretreated CS. For xylan hydrolysis, enzyme loading was shown to significantly improve the rate constant of the alkali pretreated CS compared to the acid pretreated CS. Furthermore, the developed fractal‐like model exhibits high prediction accuracy for sugar yield at high enzyme loadings.

CONCLUSION

The application of the fractal‐like theory was quite successful for studying enzymatic kinetics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Biomimetic Robust All‐Polymer Porous Coatings for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Zou Weizhi , Luo Heng , Yang Meng , Xu Jian , Zhao Ning
Published: October 2022

Passive daytime radiation cooling (PDRC) has gained considerable attention as an emerging and promising cooling technology. Polymer‐based porous materials are one of the important candidates for PDRC application due to their easy processing, free of inorganic particle doping, and multifunctionality. However, the mechanical properties of these porous materials, which are critical in outdoor services, have been overlooked in previous studies. Herein, a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method combined with ambient pressure drying to prepare polyethylene‐polysilicate all‐polymer porous coatings is developed. The coatings possess a Cyphochilus beetle‐like skeleton structure with optimal skeleton size, laminated anisotropy, and high volume fraction (64 ± 1%). These structure features ensure a maximum skeleton density without optical crowding, thus enhancing light scattering and stress dispersion, and balancing optical and mechanical properties. The coatings exhibit significant mechanical robustness (only ≈70 µm thickness reduction after 1000 Taber abrasion cycles at a 750 g load without influencing optical performance), durability, optical properties (a solar reflectance of ≈95% and an average near‐normal thermal emittance of ≈96%), and PDRC performance (realizing sub‐ambient cooling of ≈3–6 °C at midday with different weather conditions). The work provides a new solution to improve the practicability of polymer‐based porous coatings in PDRC outdoor services and other fields.
Documentation of pressure ulcers in medical records at an internal medicine ward in university hospital in western Sweden
Authors: Andersson Julia , Imberg Sara , Rosengren Kristina
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Pressure ulcers cause suffering, prolong care periods, and increase mortality. The aim was to describe and analyze the documentation of pressure ulcers and focused on the medical records from an internal medicine ward in a university hospital in western Sweden.

Methods

A quantitative, retrospective review of medical records was conducted for all care events (n = 1,458) with descriptive statistics.

Results

Documentation of the pressure ulcers in care plans was 2.1% (n = 31) compared to 6.7 % (n = 46) within final notes written by registered nurses (RN), a lower result compared to PPM (n = 3/14, 21.4%). Risk assessments were carried out in 68 (4.7%) care events, and 31 care plans included pressure ulcers. Moreover, 198 cases of tissue damage were documented, 43 (21.7%) defined as pressure ulcers, the other 147 (74.2%) lacked definition.

Conclusions

Differences (2.1%–21.4%) highlight improvements; knowledge and communication of pressure ulcers ensure reliable documentation in medical records.
Two‐dimensional joint inversion of electromagnetic soundings at low induction numbers and direct current resistivity
Authors: Huitzil Eliana Vargas , Flores Marco Antonio Pérez , Hernández Francisco J. Esparza , Delgado Sóstenes Méndez
Published: October 2022

Direct current resistivity and electromagnetic methods at low induction numbers are commonly used to characterize near‐surface structures. Although both methods are related to the same property, resistivity or conductivity, they have different sensitivities. The electromagnetic method at low induction numbers is more sensitive to conductive structures, but faces problems resolving resistive bodies, whereas the direct current method can image conductive and resistive variations. Additionally, the electromagnetic method at low induction numbers is less expensive and faster to collect the data, which seems a promising way to provide information at a low cost to enhance the model robustness. Aside from that, the exploration depth in both methods is not the same, but they can complement each other. In this work, a joint inversion algorithm based on a linear approximation was developed to incorporate both data. To achieve the goal, we rewrite the linear integral equations of electromagnetic data at low induction numbers in terms of resistivity logarithm to overcome the differences in magnitude and incorporate both data sets. We explore the potential of the joint inversion testing the algorithm with two synthetic models. In our tests, the joint model improvements are mainly in the conductive geometry and show favourable influence compared to the individual models. Finally, we tested the algorithm with field data collected in the coastal aquifer at Maneadero Valley. Despite the high anthropogenic electromagnetic noise in the area, the joint inversion results are coherent with the individual inversions of electromagnetic soundings at low induction numbers and direct current resistivity along with the geological setting.
Towards more effective identification keys: A study of people identifying plant species characters
Authors: Wäldchen Jana , Wittich Hans Christian , Rzanny Michael , Fritz Alice , Mäder Patrick
Published: October 2022

Accurate species identification is essential for ecological monitoring and biodiversity conservation. Interactive plant identification keys have been considerably improved in recent years, mainly by providing iconic symbols, illustrations, or images for the users, as these keys are also commonly used by people with relatively little plant knowledge. Only a few studies have investigated how well morphological characteristics can be recognized and correctly identified by people, which is ultimately the basis of an identification key's success.

This study consists of a systematic evaluation of people's abilities in identifying plant‐specific morphological characters. We conducted an online survey where 484 participants were asked to identify 25 different plant character states on six images showing a plant from different perspectives.

We found that survey participants correctly identified 79% of the plant characters, with botanical novices with little or no previous experience in plant identification performing slightly worse than experienced botanists. We also found that flower characters are more often correctly identified than leaf characteristics and that characters with more states resulted in higher identification errors. Additionally, the longer the time a participant needed for answering, the higher the probability of a wrong answer.

Understanding what influences users' plant character identification abilities can improve the development of interactive identification keys, for example, by designing keys that adapt to novices as well as experts. Furthermore, our study can act as a blueprint for the empirical evaluation of identifications keys.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Detection of drug safety signal of drug‐induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis in all‐aged patients using electronic medical records
Authors: Sun Cuicui , Zhao Lixia , Yuan Yujie , Xiang Yanxiao , Liu Anchang
Published: October 2022

Purpose

We explored the adverse drug reaction signals of drug‐induced neutropenia (DIN) and drug‐induced agranulocytosis (DIA) in hospitalized patients and evaluated the novelty of these correlations.

Method

A two‐step method was established to identify the relationship between drugs and DIN or DIA using 5‐year electronic medical records (EMRs) obtained from 242 000 patients at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. First, the drugs suspected to induce DIN or DIA were selected. The associations between suspected drugs and DIN or DIA were evaluated by a retrospective cohort study using unconditional logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression model.

Results

Twelve suspected drugs (vancomycin, meropenem, voriconazole, acyclovir, ganciclovir, fluconazole, oseltamivir, linezolid, compound borax solution, palonosetron, polyene phosphatidylcholine, and sulfamethoxazole) were associated with DIN, and six suspected drugs (vancomycin, voriconazole, acyclovir, ganciclovir, fluconazole, and oseltamivir) were associated with DIA. The multivariate linear regression model revealed that nine drugs (vancomycin, meropenem, voriconazole, ganciclovir, fluconazole, oseltamivir, compound borax solution, palonosetron, and polyene phosphatidylcholine) and four drugs (vancomycin, voriconazole, ganciclovir, and fluconazole) were found to be associated with DIN and DIA, respectively. While logistic regression analysis revealed that palonosetron and ganciclovir were associated with DIN and DIA, respectively.

Conclusion

Palonosetron and ganciclovir were found to be correlated with drug‐induced granulocytopenia. The results of this study provide an early warning of drug safety signals for drug‐induced granulocytopenia, facilitating a quick and appropriate response for clinicians.
A sequence‐based foldability score combined with AlphaFold2 predictions to disentangle the protein order/disorder continuum
Authors: Bruley Apolline , Bitard‐Feildel Tristan , Callebaut Isabelle , Duprat Elodie
Published: October 2022

Order and disorder govern protein functions, but there is a great diversity in disorder, from regions that are—and stay—fully disordered to conditional order. This diversity is still difficult to decipher even though it is encoded in the amino acid sequences. Here, we developed an analytic Python package, named pyHCA, to estimate the foldability of a protein segment from the only information of its amino acid sequence and based on a measure of its density in regular secondary structures associated with hydrophobic clusters, as defined by the hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA) approach. The tool was designed by optimizing the separation between foldable segments from databases of disorder (DisProt) and order (SCOPe [soluble domains] and OPM [transmembrane domains]). It allows to specify the ratio between order, embodied by regular secondary structures (either participating in the hydrophobic core of well‐folded 3D structures or conditionally formed in intrinsically disordered regions) and disorder. We illustrated the relevance of pyHCA with several examples and applied it to the sequences of the proteomes of 21 species ranging from prokaryotes and archaea to unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, for which structure models are provided in the AlphaFold protein structure database. Cases of low‐confidence scores related to disorder were distinguished from those of sequences that we identified as foldable but are still excluded from accurate modeling by AlphaFold2 due to a lack of sequence homologs or to compositional biases. Overall, our approach is complementary to AlphaFold2, providing guides to map structural innovations through evolutionary processes, at proteome and gene scales.
Impact of volatility reduction agents on dicamba and glyphosate spray solutionpH, droplet dynamics, and weed control
Authors: Kouame Koffi Badou‐Jeremie , Butts Thomas R. , Werle Rodrigo , Johnson William G.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Regulations in 2021 required the addition of a volatility reduction agent (VRA) to dicamba spray mixtures for postemergence weed control. Understanding the impact of VRAs on weed control, droplet dynamics, and spray pH is essential.

RESULTS

Adding glyphosate to dicamba decreased the solution pH by 0.63 to 1.85 units. Across locations, potassium carbonate increased the tank‐mixture pH by 0.85 to 1.65 units while potassium acetate raised the pH by 0.46 to 0.53 units. Glyphosate and dicamba in tank‐mixture reduced Palmer amaranth control by 14 percentage points compared to dicamba alone and decreased barnyardgrass control by 12 percentage points compared to glyphosate alone 4 weeks after application (WAA). VRAs resulted in a 5‐percentage point reduction in barnyardgrass control 4 WAA. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and giant ragweed control were unaffected by herbicide solution 4 WAA. Dicamba alone produced a larger average droplet size and had the fewest driftable fines (% volume < 200 μm). Potassium acetate produced a larger droplet size than potassium carbonate for Dv0.1and Dv0.5. The addition of glyphosate to dicamba decreased droplet size from the entire spray droplet spectrum (Dv0.1, Dv0.5, Dv0.9).

CONCLUSION

A reduction in spray pH, droplet size, and weed control was observed from mixing dicamba and glyphosate. It may be advisable to avoid tank‐mixtures of these herbicides and instead, apply them sequentially to maximize effectiveness. VRAs differed in their impacts on spray solution pH and droplet dynamics, but resulted in a minimal negative to no impact on weed control. © 2022 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Time temperature indicators made with sublimating azulene derivatives as the functional dye for use of fast reaction rate
Authors: Shi Xiaoju , Ying Xiaofang , Deng Zongwu
Published: October 2022

Time temperature indicators (TTIs) based on a dye sublimation process have been developed for full time monitoring of heat sensitive vaccines with shorter shelf‐life during cold chain transportation and storage. The structure of TTI and the methods to make the TTI are introduced. TTI 1 and TTI 2 introduced in the article were made with methyl azulene‐1‐carboxylate and methyl 3‐methylazulene‐1‐carboxylate as the functional dyes, respectively. The kinetic parameters of TTI 1 and TTI 2 were studied. To achieve a change of 30 in ∆E*ab, it takes 9.1 h at 37°C, 39.7 h at 25°C, 5.61 days at 15°C and 23.3 days at 5°C for TTI 1 and 37.2 h at 37°C, 128.8 h at 25°C, 37.5 days at 15°C and 102.5 days at 5°C for TTI 2. The activation energies (Ea) are calculated to be 91.87 kJ mol−1 and 97.99 kJ mol−1 for TTI 1 and TTI 2, respectively. A field simulation study was conducted on TTI 2 associated with bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV), yielding excellent correlation between the reaction rate of TTI 2 and the titre change of bOPV.
Bmpr2 mutant mice are an inadequate model for studying iron deficiency in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhang Vida , Ganz Tomas , Nemeth Elizabeta , Umar Soban , Kim Airie
Published: October 2022

As bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (Bmpr2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and iron deficiency (ID) is associated with worse clinical outcomes in PAH patients, we proposed to use Bmpr2 ± mice to induce a model of ID in pulmonary vascular disease. Our study shows that these transgenic mice are not a good model for this clinical phenomenon.
Bipartite Byzantine‐resilient event‐triggered consensus control of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems
Authors: Lu Xuhui , Jia Yingmin
Published: October 2022

This article studies the bipartite resilient event‐triggered consensus control for a class of the heterogeneous multi‐agent systems. Due to the external cyberattacks, some agents may become the Byzantine agents and will affect the behavior of the other agents. To improve the security of the multi‐agent systems against the Byzantine agents, a novel bipartite event‐triggered heterogeneous mean‐subsequence‐reduced algorithm is designed. First, to handle the heterogeneous multi‐agent systems, a state transformation is carefully designed, to facilitate the design and analysis of the bipartite resilient consensus algorithm. Based upon the designed state transformation, the bipartite resilient control inputs are constructed, where the structural balance analysis shows that the resulting effective signed graph and the equivalent signed graph are both structurally balanced, if the signed graph of the multi‐agent systems is structurally balanced. In addition, a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is proposed, where a set of dynamic factors are introduced into the event‐triggered functions to prevent the usage of the global topology information. By virtue of the designed algorithm, it is guaranteed that the heterogeneous multi‐agent systems can achieve the bipartite consensus in the presence of the Byzantine agents, and the communication burden among the agents can be reduced. The numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Research on robotic manipulator fault detection and diagnosis technology based on machine vision in complex environments
Authors: Pan Jinghui , Qu Lili , Peng Kaixiang
Published: October 2022

Currently, machine vision‐based fault detection and diagnosis technology for robotic manipulators is widely used. However, traditional machine vision has difficulty identifying manipulator failure in complex environments with dim lighting and large texture differences and the influence of such factors as image motion blur caused by robotic manipulator movement. This article discusses the failure factors of mechanical manipulators and systematically analyzes various links leading to failure and the current technology limitations. First, a gradient‐based semantic segmentation method is proposed to extract targets quickly and accurately for the grasped object and complex surrounding environment. Second, when the vision and grasped object have relative movement in dim environment, a multiframe image registration and fusion method are proposed to obtain high‐quality, clear image data. Then, a machine‐based method is adopted to learn the fault detection and diagnosis methods that fuse internal and external sensors. Finally, a physical system is built to verify the three aspects of the target extraction effect: image clarity, fault detection speed, and diagnosis accuracy, reflecting the superiority of this algorithm.
Efficient Isolation and In Situ Identification of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells Using Dual‐Responsive Fluorescent‐Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Yuwei , Wang Xiaoshan , Luo Zhouying , Liu Xia , Hou Jianwen , Zhou Shaobing
Published: October 2022

Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the peripheral blood of cancer patients is a promising approach for diagnosing early‐stage cancers, monitoring disease progression, and prescribing personalized anticancer therapy. However, it is still challenging to achieve effective and cell‐friendly isolation of CTCs due to their scarcity, heterogeneity, and vulnerability. Herein, a novel multifunctional platform based on fluorescent‐magnetic Fe3O4/Rhm B@ZIF‐8‐pTA nanoparticles (FR@Z‐pTA NPs) is developed for efficient CTCs isolation. FR@Z‐pTA NPs not only capture more than 88% of rare cancer cells for both EpCAM‐positive cells (MCF‐7, HepG2) and EpCAM‐negative cells (MDA‐MB‐231, HeLa) but also effectively release the captured cells with high efficiency (>80%) and viabilities (>90%) under cell‐friendly pH/ATP stimuli. More importantly, FR@Z‐pTA NPs exhibit excellent resistance to nonspecific adhesion of white blood cells (WBCs) and high detection sensitivity toward cancer cells in the patients’ blood. The present multifunctional CTCs detection platform integrating high sensitivity, broad‐spectrum capture, in situ fluorescent identification and cell‐friendly release offers a good solution to address current challenges of CTCs isolation from clinical blood samples.
Recent Advances on Single‐Atom Catalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Li Mingtao , Chen Fang , Huang Hongwei
Published: October 2022

Continuous consumption of fossil energy and excessive CO2 emission severely restrict human society. Sustainable carbon cycle is a promising technology to simultaneously relieve greenhouse effect and energy crisis based on electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. However, the energy conversion efficiency is confined by the poor carriers utilization and insufficient reactive sites. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) display outstanding performance in effectively overcoming the aforementioned problems. Herein, recent advances of SACs for enhancing the efficiency, selectivity, and long‐range stability of CO2 reduction are provided. First, the characteristics of SACs have been introduced in detail to provide rational design for SACs based on the relationship between structure and performance, including type, structure, and synthesis of SACs. Then, the high performance of SACs in electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and thermocatalytic CO2 reduction has been discussed for disclosing reaction mechanism, such as charge transfer, activation barriers, and reaction pathway. In particular, the strategies of enhancing CO2 reduction performance have been summarized to provide deep insight into designing and developing more efficient SACs. Finally, an outlook on the current challenges and perspectives of SACs for electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and thermocatalytic CO2 reduction is proposed. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for developing SACs in advanced CO2 catalytic conversion.
Moving toward equity literacy in adult ESL teaching through problematizing curriculum and centering student voices
Authors: Shufflebarger Amanda
Published: October 2022

Inspired by Gorski's (2016, 2019) framework of equity literacy and Gulliver and Thurrell's (2016, p. 57) call for more adult English as a second language (ESL) materials that feature the “uninterrupted voices” of immigrant/refugee students, this article proposes considerations for equity‐minded adult ESL teachers. Specifically, the article explores opportunities to move toward equity literacy in adult ESL classes by problematizing survival ESL curriculum and centering voices of immigrant and refugee adult ESL learners. Written by a full‐time high school teacher and volunteer adult ESL teacher, the author offers other teachers frameworks for promoting equity literacy by critically examining curricular materials and critically centering student experiences.