bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jak zkoumat českou krajskou paradiplomacii? Koncepty, modely a aplikace na případ Jihomoravského kraje
Authors: Dostál Vít , Hloušek Vít
Published: February 2015

The article centres on research into paradiplomacy, the international involvement of sub-national units. It aims at finding appropriate concepts for use in research into the paradiplomacy of Czech regions. The main international scholarship on paradiplomacy is reviewed and the most popular concepts and typologies are introduced. Subsequently, several contradictions and deficiencies are revealed. Then, contemporary research into paradiplomacy in the Czech Republic is summarized. The article argues that Czech research has already identified genuine regional paradiplomacy, but lacks definition with respect to its specifics. The main argument is that, although it was appropriate to apply some concepts from research into federal states for the identification of paradiplomacy, extensive use of these concepts and typologies cannot bring results in research into the content of Czech paradiplomacy. Thus, a step back is suggested. Brian Hocking’s approach, which perceives non-central governments as genuine actors of international politics, is suggested. Keating’s typology seems the most appropriate for empirical research. In addition, it is argued that further research should focus mainly on the content of the paradiplomacy of Czech regions. The final part of the article proposes the application of such a research strategy on the example of the South Moravian Region. Its expected merits and benefits are then summed up in the conclusion.
Percepção das mães em relação ao aleitamento materno no período do pós parto
Authors: Aparecida Karina Rodrigues Mendes da , Chaves Loide Corina , Filipini Rosangela , Fernandes Isabel Cristine
Published: February 2015

Introdução: Para eficácia do aleitamento materno, a Organização Mundial de Saúde propõe a educação das mães durante o momento da gestação pelos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Observar as percepções das mães com relação ao aleitamento materno. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de caráter quantitativo utilizando técnica exploratória. esquisa realizada no Centro de Saúde Escola Capuava em Santo André, São Paulo. A população foi constituída por 29 mães submetidas à primeira consulta puerperal. Resultados: As médias de idade e de número de filhos das mães foram 26 anos e 1,8 filhos. Em sua maioria são casadas ou encontra-se em união estável (93,1%) e apresentam ensino médio completo (62,1%). Possuem vínculo empregatício 51,7%. Teve parto cesárea 58,6%. Foram amamentados na sala de parto 69,0% dos recém-nascidos. Possuem mamilos protusos 79,3% das mães, sendo que 55,2% não apresentaram fissuras. Não apresentaram nenhum cuidado em relação à limpeza dos mamilos 37,9% das mães, as demais usaram várias formas, sendo mais comum somente limpeza com leite materno (17,2%) e somente utilização de pomada (13,8%). A frequência de amamentação foi bastante variável. Dos recémnascidos, 89,3% apresentaram pegas corretas. Relataram que tiveram todas as informações necessárias no pré-natal e puerpério 96,6% das mães. Pretendem introduzir precocemente o uso de chupetas para seu recém-nascido 44,8% das mães. Conclusão: As orientações realizadas durante a gestação e puerpério se tornam importantes e aos poucos produzem resultados positivos. Vale enfatizar que o enfermeiro se torna uma peça chave na realização das orientações durante os períodos de gestação e puerpério.
Use of psychoactive substances in students at a public university
Authors: Silva Meire Luci da , Rego Franciele Santos , Roque Nathalia Fagundes , Valenti Vitor Engrácia
Published: February 2015

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances by the student population has been the object of various studies in Brazil. Objective: To determine the prevalence of substance use among students. Methods: Quantitative study with a closed questionnaire based on standardized assessment instruments was developed. It consists of questions related to types of psychoactive substance use, abuse, frequency and duration of use, self-criticism regarding the use, consequences of use in relation to health, and misdemeanors committed under the influence of psychoactive substances. The sample included the participation of 268 students. A total of 183 (68.3%) questionnaires were analyzed, and only those with positive result for substance abuse at some point in life, the remainder, 85 (31%) questionnaires, had negative responses to psychoactive substances. Results: Students’ responses to the two years surveyed indicated that the first psychoactive substance used was alcohol (77.9%), followed by tobacco use (10.9%), and marijuana (7.6%). Of the students surveyed, 145 (79.2%) answered that still make use of psychoactive substances, and the current frequency of use varies from one or more times per week. When asked about the possibility of being or becoming drug addicts, 169 (92.3%) responded that they are not or will not become dependent. Conclusion: The results indicate the high rate of substance use among college students surveyed, and point to their contradiction to consider such psychoactive substances harmful to their health.
Fatores de risco para hipoglicemia em pacientes que usam infusão contínua de insulina endovenosa na unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Paixão Carina Teixeira , Silva Lolita Dopico da , Doerzapff Paula Borba , Granadeiro Raquel Magalhães de Azeredo , Farias Renata Lemos de Aragão , Santos Sheyla Silva
Published: February 2015

Trata-se de revisão descritiva dos fatores de risco para hipoglicemia em pacientes com infusão contínua de insulina na terapia intensiva. Buscaram-se publicações entre 2006 e 2012, em livros e artigos de bases indexadas em bibliotecas virtuais. Selecionadas oito publicações ordenadas em categorias que tratavam da hipoglicemia, terapia nutricional e protocolos glicêmicos associados à insulinoterapia venosa. Conclui-se que há fatores de risco comuns à equipe multiprofissional e  o conhecimento desses fatores permitirá a segurança dos pacientes na utilização dessa terapêutica.
Auditory selective attention is enhanced by a task-irrelevant temporally coherent visual stimulus in human listeners
Authors: Maddox Ross K , Atilgan Huriye , Bizley Jennifer K , Lee Adrian KC
Published: February 2015

In noisy settings, listening is aided by correlated dynamic visual cues gleaned from a talker's face—an improvement often attributed to visually reinforced linguistic information. In this study, we aimed to test the effect of audio–visual temporal coherence alone on selective listening, free of linguistic confounds. We presented listeners with competing auditory streams whose amplitude varied independently and a visual stimulus with varying radius, while manipulating the cross-modal temporal relationships. Performance improved when the auditory target's timecourse matched that of the visual stimulus. The fact that the coherence was between task-irrelevant stimulus features suggests that the observed improvement stemmed from the integration of auditory and visual streams into cross-modal objects, enabling listeners to better attend the target. These findings suggest that in everyday conditions, where listeners can often see the source of a sound, temporal cues provided by vision can help listeners to select one sound source from a mixture.
Emergency Department Use by Youths Before and After Self-Inflicted Intentional Injury
Authors: Kemal Samaa , Cash Rebecca E. , Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Michelson Kenneth A. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E.
Published: August 2024

This cohort study describes the rate of emergency department (ED) encounters, reasons for these visits, and characteristics of the children and adolescents who seek this care.
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Cancer—The Waiting Is the Hardest Part
Authors: Haggstrom David A. , Braafladt Signe M. , Han Paul K. J.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint describes the benefits and challenges of active surveillance as a clinical approach to monitor low-risk cancers with favorable prognoses.
Sudden Hearing Loss and Vertigo After Sinus Occlusion
Authors: Müller Sebastian Johannes , Durisin Martin , Behme Daniel
Published: August 2024

A 67-year-old patient presented with persistent vertigo and pulsatile tinnitus in the left ear for the past 3 months, and 5 days after treatment he experienced acute hearing loss of the left ear and vertigo. What is your diagnosis?
Salivary CD44 and Total Protein Levels to Detect Risk for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Franzmann Elizabeth J. , Qi Yuchen , Peifer Sophia , Messer Karen , Messing Barbara , Blanco Ray Gervacio , Khan Zubair , Fahkry Carole , Coffey Charles , Califano Joseph
Published: August 2024

Importance

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer have low survival rates, and incidence continues to increase.

Objective

To determine whether soluble CD44 and total protein (TP) are useful for monitoring head and neck cancer recurrence, either used in a point-of-care (POC) test or as individual laboratory-based biomarkers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multi-institutional nonrandomized clinical trial testing a novel diagnostic/screening assay took place across the University of California, San Diego; Johns Hopkins University; the Greater Baltimore Medical Center; New York University; and the San Diego Veterans Affairs Hospital. Patients with newly biopsy-proven, untreated oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer were enrolled. Patients were enrolled April 2017 to April 2019, and data were analyzed December 2022 to June 2023.

Exposure

POC salivary oral rinse test.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Oral rinses were collected at pretreatment baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after completion of therapy; participants were then followed up for 3 years to define disease status. Associations of baseline characteristics with a positive test were evaluated by Fisher exact test. The association of a positive value on the CD44 or TP test with progression-free survival was evaluated in an adjusted multivariable proportional hazards model.

Results

Of 172 patients enrolled, the mean (SD) age was 62.5 (10.2) years, and 122 (70.9%) identified as male. Additionally, 92 patients (53.3%) had never smoked, 99 (57.6%) formerly or currently drank alcohol, and 113 (65.7%) presented with oropharyngeal cancers, which were positive for human papillomavirus in 95 (84.1%). Tumor site was associated with test results at baseline; patients with oral cavity cancer had a higher baseline positive POC test rate (47 of 51 [92.2%]) compared to patients with oropharyngeal cancer (85 of 110 [77.3%]). Using Cox regression models with CD44 or TP level as a time-varying covariate, a higher CD44 level showed a statistically significant association with a higher hazard of recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12), though the TP level was not statistically significant. In multivariate adjusted analysis, higher CD44 and TP levels were associated with increased hazard ratios of recurrence of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.04-1.22) and 3.51 (95% CI, 1.24-9.98), respectively.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this multi-institutional nonrandomized clinical trial of an assay, posttreatment longitudinal monitoring for elevated salivary CD44 and TP levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–based laboratory test identified patients at increased risk of future cancer recurrence. The CD44 and TP rapid POC test holds some promise, but further development is needed for this indication.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03148665
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazoles via P(OMe)3‐Promoted Intramolecular Transannulation of 4‐Diazenylisoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Sakharov Pavel A. , Koronatov Alexander N. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Petrovskii Stanislav K. , Luginin Maksim E. , Grachova Elena V. , Novikov Mikhail S.
Published: August 2024

Trimethyl phosphite promotes the synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted 2H‐1,2,3‐triazoles. The protocol developed affords a two‐step method towards triazoles from available reagents. 3,4‐Disubstituted isoxazolones are initially coupled with diazonium tetrafluoroborates. The subsequent reaction is triggered by a single electron transfer from the phosphite to the diazenylisoxazolone under heating or blue LED irradiation at room temperature. The radical anion cascade proceeds via a ring opening/decarboxylation/cyclization sequence. The synthesized triazoles show promising fluorescence in the region from 340 nm to 450 nm with a quantum yield up to 81.6%. The emission energy depends slightly on the substituent nature at the triazole carbon atoms. If an electron‐donor group is introduced into the N2 substituent of the triazole ring, it results in a bathochromic shift of the luminescence energy.
Bifunctional Role of High‐Entropy Selenides in Accelerating Redox Conversion and Modulating Lithium Plating towards Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Yujie , Shen Nan , Chen Sixu , Wang Peicheng , Li Min , Zhang Chunling , Li Jingfa
Published: August 2024

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries, recognized as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems, are still limited by the “shuttle effect” of soluble polysulfides (LiPSs) on the cathode and the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. These issues are critical obstacles to their practical application. Currently, many researchers have addressed these challenges from a unilateral perspective. Herein, we propose bifunctional hosts based on high‐entropy selenides (HE−Se) to simultaneously tackle the persistent problems on both the positive and negative electrodes of Li−S batteries. On the one hand, HE−Se interacts with polysulfides to promote their conversion, effectively mitigating the shuttle effect. On the other hand, HE−Se provides multiple lithophilic sites during the initial nucleation of Li+, which reduces overpotential and exhibits excellent lithophilicity and cyclic stability. As a result, Li−S batteries incorporating the HE−Se hosts demonstrate outstanding performance in terms of rate capability and cycling stability. Additionally, the porous lithophilic HE−Se structure offers sufficient nucleation sites, inhibits the growth of dendritic lithium, and accommodates volume changes during charging and discharging cycles. This study highlights the potential of sulphophilic/lithophilic high‐entropy materials in designing advanced Li−S batteries and encourages further exploration in this area.
Accuracy of daily extreme air temperatures under natural variations in thermometer screen ventilation
Authors: Harrison R. Giles , Burt Stephen D.
Published: August 2024

Accurate air temperatures underpin environmental research. Most professional meteorological air temperature measurements still expose thermometers within traditional, naturally ventilated screens. Their representation of true air temperature depends on screen airflow, and therefore local winds. Accuracies of daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures are assessed by comparison between a naturally ventilated large conventional screen and a co‐located aspirated reference screen. In over 1200 days' data, the naturally ventilated Tmin and Tmax both showed small (median < 0.06°C) cold bias, but, in 1% of cases, warm Tmax bias and cold Tmin bias >|1°C|. The Tmin cold bias is associated with calm clear nights, and the Tmax warm bias events with calm winter days at low sun angles, allowing solar heating of the screen. The prevalence of poor natural ventilation, potentially affecting Tmin and Tmax, is estimated across European sites. Poor ventilation occurred at Tmin for 12% of values, and at Tmax for 4%. Climatological averaging will reduce these effects, but, without corroborating wind data, statistical changes in Tmin or Tmax, including identifying “Tropical Nights” (Tmin > 20°C) or occurrences of winter extremes, may have limited value. Wider adoption of aspirated thermometer screens, with an initial overlap period, will largely eliminate these effects.
Lewis Acid Regulation Strategy for Constructing D‐A‐A Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photocatalytic Organic Conversion
Authors: Ma Baiwei , Lin Xuanyu , Xuan Damin , Xu Jiayin , Jia Zhan , Lin Chunlei , Li Yuanyuan , Zhai Lipeng
Published: August 2024

Owing to their excellent photoelectric properties, donor‐acceptor (D−A) type photocatalytic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted significant research interest in recent years. However, the limited D−A structural units of existing COFs restrict the development of novel and efficient photocatalytic COF materials. To solve this problem, we developed a series of D−A‐A‐type COFs utilizing a Lewis acid regulation strategy, in which Lewis acids act as the coordination centers, and pyridine and cyano groups act as ligands. Lewis acid sites in COFs serve as electron acceptors, facilitating the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. This process is crucial for photocatalysis because it significantly increases the efficiency of the catalytic reaction by reducing the recombination rate of charge carriers. The developed Lewis acid‐activated D−A‐A COFs efficiently catalyzed the hydroxylation of various phenylboronic acid compounds under visible light. The developed catalysts are expected to contribute to increasing the fabrication efficiency of industrially important organic materials.
Analysis and experimental verification of two types of three‐coil MCR‐WPT system with constant current and constant voltage characteristics
Authors: Chen Haichao , Zhang Pengfei , Gong Lijiao , Yang Tong , Ma Xin Xin , Huang Bo
Published: August 2024

In order to achieve an optimized design of a three‐coil wireless power transfer (WPT) system with constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) output characteristics, meeting the power supply demands of rechargeable loads for CV/CC, this paper conducts an in‐depth research on the three‐coil magnetically coupled resonance (MCR) WPT system. A novel method for CV/CC output switching under the MCR‐WPT system is proposed. Firstly, a coupled inductance model is established, and the compensation parameter expressions of both single‐transmitter single‐receiver (STSR) three‐coil WPT system with relay coil and double‐transmitter single‐receiver (DTSR) three‐coil WPT system are derived. A compensation network parameter design method to achieve zero phase angle (ZPA) condition is proposed. This proposed three‐coil WPT system can achieve CV/CC output switching by a single alternating current (AC) switch. The transmission characteristics of these two MCR‐WPT systems are analyzed, and the transmission efficiency and lateral offset capability of the systems are compared. Experimental results demonstrate stable energy transfer of the system, validating the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed system's CV/CC output characteristics and parameter design methods. The results indicate that the proposed system can achieve stable CV/CC output.
Are institutions addressing accessibility in generative AI policy development?
Authors: Aquino Katherine C. , Lalor Adam R. , Parnther Ceceilia
Published: August 2024

At this point, you have heard about generative AI and, most likely, dabbled with it. You may have tried out a prompt with Chat GPT or created an image using Microsoft Copilot. At first, you were a bit cautious, but it was less intimidating with practice. You felt these practice sessions were necessary — everyone is talking about generative AI — and, with yet another lecture or webinar scheduled on your campus to discuss generative AI, these “exercises” allow you to participate in the current higher education environment with some working knowledge.
HHS amends Section 504 regulations; ED to follow
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: August 2024

For the first time in 40 years, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services substantially amended its Section 504 regulations, while the U.S. Department of Education announced in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that it planned to do so in November 2024. This should be welcome news for students with disabilities and both public and private colleges and universities, as these amendments are long overdue.
What students need to navigate academic standing and SAP policies
Authors: Taylor Z.W. , Pauter Sarah
Published: August 2024

As enrollment in higher education continues to decrease in U.S. institutions, enrollment managers need to explore every opportunity to retain the students they have. One process embedded within the academic and financial units of every institution of higher education are academic standing and satisfactory academic progress (SAP) policies that dictate how students need to maintain certain grade point averages (GPA) and paces of completion to maintain both academic standing and financial aid eligibility.
Failure to accommodate
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Synthesis of Various Dihydro–Thiazole and Selenazole Heterocycles
Authors: Pilipecz Mihály Viktor , Varga Tamás Róbert , Vincze Zoltán , Schlosser Gitta , Papp Dávid , Simon András , Mucsi Zoltán , Nemes Péter
Published: August 2024

We prepared numerous thiazole derivatives from push‐pull alkenes such as nitroenamines, enaminoester, and enaminonitrils in a two‐step reaction with thiocyanate ion. The first step was the formation of the thiocyanate‐substituted push‐pull alkene from an iodine‐containing intermediary. We demonstrated this sequence through the preparation and identification of the iodine‐substituted enamines. In the second step, thiazole ring closure took place in methanol, at room temperature. The imino group of the condensed thiazole ring systems was successfully acylated. The same reaction sequence with potassium selenocyanate resulted in two selenocyanate and a selenazole heterocyclic derivatives. The mechanism of the reaction with thiocyanate ion and the heterocycle formation was investigated by computational methods. We performed quantum chemical calculations, involving both the thermodynamic and the kinetic aspects of the ring closure reaction.
Chiral Electrokinetic Phenomena in Single Nanopores
Authors: Alanis Kristen , Silva Savannah A. , Singh Siddharth , Lin Kabin , Schäffer Tilman E. , Omadoko Ovuokenye , Fourkas John T. , Baker Lane A. , Siwy Zuzanna S.
Published: August 2024

The arrangement of solvent molecules and ions at solid–liquid interfaces determines electrochemical properties that are important in separations platforms, sensing technologies, and energy‐storage systems. Here we show that single glass and polymer pores in contact with propylene carbonate (PC) solutions of LiClO4 exhibit an effective surface potential that is modulated by the enantiomeric excess of the solvent. In particular, electrochemical and electrokinetic measurements of ionic transport through glass pipettes and polymer pores reveal that the effective surface potential is significantly lower in solutions prepared using enantiomerically pure PC than in solutions prepared using racemic PC. Both pore systems became positively charged in all racemic solutions examined in the range of LiClO4 concentrations between 1 mM and 100 mM, whereas solutions in (R)‐(+)‐PC induced a positive surface potential only at concentrations above ~5 mM. The effective surface potential is quantified through asymmetry in current–voltage curves and zeta‐potential measurements. Vibrational sum‐frequency‐generation experiments on LiClO4 solutions in racemic and enantiomerically pure PC indicate that the surface lipid‐bilayer‐like region in the former is more strongly organized than in the latter, dictating the favorable positions for lithium and perchlorate ions in each case. The more ordered molecular packing in the racemic liquid leads to accumulation of lithium ions on the outside of the bilayer, creating a higher effective positive charge. Our results highlight the extreme sensitivity of the interfacial potential on molecular organization of the solvent, and the relatively unexplored role that chirality can play in electrokinetic phenomena.
Forecasting Markov switching vector autoregressions: Evidence from simulation and application
Authors: Cavicchioli Maddalena
Published: August 2024

We derive the optimal forecasts for multivariate autoregressive time series processes subject to Markov switching in regime. Optimality means that the trace of the mean square forecast error matrix is minimized by using suitable weighting observations. Then we provide neat analytic expressions for the optimal weights in terms of the matrices involved in a state space representation of the considered process. Our matrix expressions in closed form improve computational performance since they are readily programmable. Numerical simulations and an empirical application illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. We provide evidence that the forecasts using optimal weights increase forecast precision and are more accurate than the traditional Markov switching alternatives.
A new probability forecasting model for cotton yarn futures price volatility with explainable AI and big data
Authors: Xia Huosong , Hou Xiaoyu , Zhang Justin Zuopeng , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul
Published: August 2024

Cotton, cotton yarn, and other cotton products have frequent price volatility, increasing the difficulty for industry participants to develop rational business decision plans. To support cotton textile industry decision‐makers, we apply data mining methods to extract the main influencing factors affecting cotton yarn futures prices from big data and build a probabilistic forecasting model for cotton yarn price volatility with uncertainty assessment. Based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and data‐driven perspectives, we use the LassoNet algorithm to extract 18 features most relevant to the target variable from the massive data and visualize the importance values of the selected features to improve the reliability. Moreover, by combining conformal forecasting (CP) with quantile regression (QR), the uncertainty measure of the point estimation results of the long and short‐term memory (LSTM) model is applied to improve the application value of the model. Finally, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) is introduced to analyze the SHAP values of the input features on the output results and to explore in depth the interaction and mechanism of action between the input features and the target variables to improve the explainability of the model. Our model provides a “big data‐forecasting model‐decision support” decision paradigm for real‐world problems.
Improving the root yield, quality, water productivity and economics of sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth.) through irrigation and nitrogen management
Authors: Patra Sanmay Kumar , Sengupta Sudip , Banik Madhurima , Poddar Ratneswar
Published: August 2024

Sarpagandha is a well‐known ayurvedic herb valued for its therapeutic properties. Effective irrigation and nitrogen management are crucial for its sustainable cultivation. To investigate the optimal irrigation and nitrogen requirements and economic advantages, a field study was conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2017–2019 and 2019–2021). This study employed a split‐plot design, evaluating 12 treatment combinations, including three levels of irrigation (irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation ratios [IW/CPE] of 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) and four nitrogen management strategies (100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen [RDN] applied as vermicompost, 50–50 and 25–75 split between vermicompost and fertilizer, and 100% RDN applied as fertilizer). The results revealed that the highest root yield (1437 kg ha−1); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake (134, 44.78 and 142 kg ha−1, respectively); fresh and dry weights (67 and 28 g, respectively); total alkaloid content (2%); and economic returns, including a benefit to cost ratio (BCR) of 2.95, were achieved with irrigation at an IW/CPE of 0.9 combined with 100% RDN from vermicompost. However, when vermicompost was limited, IW/CPE 0.9 with either a 50–50 or 25–75 split of RDN between vermicompost and fertilizer emerged as a viable alternative with a BCR of 2.62 and 2.58, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing sarpagandha yield and economic performance under conditions of limited input resources.
Azadirachta indica assisted green synthesis of magnetic Ag/GO‐Fe3O4 nanocomposites for the solid‐phase extraction of tetracyclines from milk
Authors: Anjum Jawaria , Shehzadi Syeda Aaliya , Sajid Muhammad , Arshad Ifzan , Sajjad Muhammad , Siddique Ayesha , Abdul Jabbar Khizra
Published: August 2024

Antibiotics are frequently used as growth boosters in animal husbandry. Tetracyclines (TCNs) are among the most widely used antibiotics compared to others, leaving traces in animal‐based foodstuffs like milk and meat. Thus, monitoring of TCNs is paramount, especially in the feedstuff. In the present study, a green method is developed to synthesize magnetic Ag/GO‐Fe3O4 nanocomposites using Azadirachta indica leaf extract. The synthesized adsorbent (Ag/GO‐Fe3O4) was analyzed for the residual extraction of oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) from the fresh milk samples through the magnetic solid‐phase extraction principle. The extraction procedure involved the deproteinization of milk, spiking with antibiotics, followed by magnetic solid‐phase extraction and quantification of TCNs by HPLC with a UV detector. Different factors that affected the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for the TCNs like pH, temperature, amount of nanocomposite, and time were studied. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision were calculated for OTC (4% and 6%) and CTC (3% and 4%), respectively. The limit of detection and quantification for OTC was 0.5 and 1.5 μgL−1 and for CTC was 0.2 and 0.6 μgL−1 respectively while the percentage extraction was 94%–96%.
RNF43 in cancer: Molecular understanding and clinical significance in immunotherapy
Authors: Huo Xingfa , Han Weizhong , Yang Zhen , Lu Yongzhi , Liu Ning , Hou Helei
Published: August 2024

Identifying biomarkers to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy is warranted. Considering that somatic mutation‐derived neoantigens induce strong immune responses, patients with a high tumor mutational burden reportedly tend to respond to ICIs. Therefore, the original function of neoantigenic mutations and their impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) require attention. RNF43 is a type of RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, and long‐term survivors in most cancers had conserved patterns of mutations of RNF43. Also, high microsatellite instability patients had a higher RNF43 mutation rate compared with microsatellite stability tumor patients, who were more sensitive to ICI treatment. Therefore, RNF43 has become a promising biomarker of immunotherapy in a wide range of cancers. This review focuses on the up‐to‐date knowledge of RNF43 mutation in cancer. We summarize the cancer hallmarks involving activities regulated by RNF43 and highlight its extremely sophisticated regulation of WNT signaling and tumor microenvironment. The key genes interacting with RNF43 have also been summarized and discussed. Additionally, we highlight and propose new strategies of targeting RNF43 and RNF43‐based combinations with established immunotherapy and combination therapy. These efforts may provide new perspectives for RNF43‐based target therapy in cancer.
Health and well‐being of maturing adults with classic galactosemia
Authors: Garrett Olivia S. , Druss Jared J. , Vos E. Naomi , Fu Yu‐Ting Debbie , Lucia Stephanie , Greenstein Patricia E. , Bauer Anna , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Stepien Karolina M. , Arbuckle Cameron , Grafakou Olga , Meyer Uta , Vanhoutvin Nele , Pané Adriana , Bosch Annet M. , Rubio‐Gozalbo Estela , Berry Gerard T. , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L.
Published: August 2024

Long‐term outcomes in classic galactosemia (CG) have been studied previously, but all prior studies have relied on cohorts of patients that were small in number, or heavily skewed toward children and young adults, or both. Here, we extend what is known about the health and well‐being of maturing adults with CG by analyzing the results of anonymous custom surveys completed by 92 affected individuals, ages 30–78, and 38 unaffected sibling controls, ages 30–79. The median age for patients was 38.5 years and for controls was 41 years. These study participants hailed from 12 different countries predominantly representing Europe and North America. Participants reported on their general life experiences and outcomes in seven different domains including: speech/voice/language, cognition, motor function, cataracts, bone health, psychosocial well‐being, and gastrointestinal health. We also queried women about ovarian function. Our results indicated a prevalence of long‐term complications across all outcome domains that aligned with levels previously reported in younger cohorts. Given the sample size and age range of participants in this study, these findings strongly suggest that the adverse developmental outcomes commonly linked to CG are not progressive with age for most patients. We also tested four candidate modifiers for possible association with each of the outcomes followed, including: days of neonatal milk exposure, rigor of dietary galactose restriction in early childhood, current age, and home continent. We observed no associations that reached even nominal significance, except for the following: cataracts with neonatal milk exposure (p = 2.347e−04), cataracts with age (p = 0.018), and bone health with home continent (p = 0.03).
The use of vehicle‐based observations in weather prediction and decision support
Authors: Siems‐Anderson Amanda R.
Published: August 2024

Vehicle‐based mobile observations are taken across the world every day by operational and research meteorological organizations, public transportation agencies, and private car manufacturers. Whether directly weather‐related (e.g., air temperature) or not (e.g., wiper speed), the coverage and frequency of these observations holds the promise of filling in gaps between fixed observing stations and greatly improving situational awareness and weather forecasting, from road surface condition‐specific applications and winter road maintenance to urban and street‐level numerical weather prediction and beyond. However, in order to take advantage of these observations, the weather, water, and climate enterprise must work together with the transportation enterprise across academic, public, and private sectors to provide a mechanism for obtaining these data, so that the benefits of using these unconventional observations may be realized.
Evolution of microstructure and thermo‐mechanical attributes of fiber reinforced polyamide during fused deposition modeling 3D printing: A comprehensive characterization study
Authors: Shah Adarsh Kumar , Vora Yash Anup , Palit Arnab , Williams Mark A. , Wilson Paul F. , Jain Atul
Published: August 2024

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), a type of additive manufacturing is widely used for complex mold design, single‐part tool manufacturing, and prototyping. The FDM process, especially with fiber‐reinforced filament, induces intricate changes that influence microstructure and properties, highlighting the necessity for a thorough understanding to maximize FDM utilization. This study comprehensively examines microstructural changes and mechanical attributes in polyamide (PA) and carbon fiber‐reinforced polyamide (CF‐PA) before and after FDM printing. Through various characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, micro‐Computed Tomography (μ‐CT), and fractography, insightful perspectives were obtained. Results reveal substantial fiber breakage, resulting in a 33.03% decrease in the average fiber length from filament to printed parts. X‐ray μ‐CT scans illustrated a more pronounced fiber alignment in CF‐PA filament than in the CF‐PA printed sample. TG analysis confirms approximately 20 wt.% CF content in the filament, with negligible residue in pure PA filament and samples. DSC shows enhanced thermal stability with CF reinforcement, while XRD confirms amorphous behavior in filament and printed parts. Tensile tests reveal anisotropic properties in FDM samples. The addition of short CFs increases Young's modulus but decreases strength. Examination of fractured surfaces reveals different failure modes for filament and printed coupons.
The devolution of federal reserve monetary policy strategy, 2012–24
Authors: Ireland Peter N.
Published: August 2024

The Federal Open Market Committee's 2012 Statement on Longer‐Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy interprets the Federal Reserve's dual mandate in light of the natural rate hypothesis and the New Keynesian “divine coincidence.” It sets a quantitative objective for inflation but not unemployment and acknowledges that the goals of price stability and maximum employment are generally complementary. The FOMC began deviating from these principles in December 2012, however, and the Committee's 2020 amended Strategy Statement appears to reflect, instead, the older view that the Phillips curve describes an exploitable trade‐off between inflation and unemployment. To bring its strategy back in line with the lessons of contemporary macroeconomic theory, the FOMC could simply abandon the 2020 amendments and return to its original 2012 framework. Alternatively, the Committee could eliminate the asymmetries and ambiguities that prevent its new strategy from having the desirable properties of a true price level targeting scheme.
The impact of AI recommendation for homogeneous products on product demand
Authors: Zhang Wei , Kong Hao
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of science and technology and the widespread application of the Internet, there is a wide range of online goods. At the same time, the continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) has made online shopping more convenient, fast and cost‐effective and has become one of the popular shopping methods. Online shopping gives consumers more freedom of choice, and the homogenization of online products increases the cost of choice for consumers, while AI recommendation systems can also reduce costs. Based on this, the focus of this article is on the impact of AI recommendations for homogeneous online products on consumer demand. This article starts from the perspective of network homogenization products, and through relevant literature, sorts out the impact of online evaluation and AI recommendation link information of network homogenization products under AI technology screening on consumer product demand. Combining with the characteristics of the current experience economy era introduces consumer experience value, and based on stimulus–organism–response (S‐O‐R) theory, constructs a conceptual model of this study and proposes corresponding hypotheses, analysing the relationship between AI recommendation, experiential value, and product demand for homogeneous products. The empirical research mainly adopts the method of questionnaire survey, and the variable measurement draws on previous mature scales to redesign the measurement scale suitable for the actual research in this article. This survey ultimately distributed and collected 207 valid questionnaires and used SPSS software to conduct reliability and validity tests, factor analysis and regression analysis on the collected data. Through empirical analysis, it is found that online evaluation, AI recommendation information and experiential value of homogeneous products have a significant positive impact on product demand. Experience value plays a partial mediating role in the impact of online evaluation of homogeneous products on product demand and a complete mediating role in the impact of AI recommendation information of homogeneous products on product demand. Based on the above conclusions, this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the three main entities of e‐commerce platforms, merchants and consumers. This study theoretically enriches and improves marketing theory, expanding the research perspective of S‐O‐R theory. In practice, providing suggestions for different entities is conducive to achieving mutual benefit and win–win situation among the platform, merchants and consumers and assisting in building a harmonious consumption environment.
Probabilistic evaluation of failure time of reinforced concrete frame in post‐earthquake fire scenario
Authors: Moradi Majid , Tavakoli HamidReza , Abdollahzade GholamReza
Published: August 2024

This paper aims at assessing the failure time of a 7‐story reinforced concrete (RC) frame in a post‐earthquake fire (PEF) event probabilistically. Cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the studied frame's failure time in various seismic load intensities have been calculated and presented with the aid of Monte Carlo analysis. Seismic load intensity, failure time, and failure probability are three parameters that are correlated through probabilistic analysis. The effects of cracking, spalling, and residual deformations resulted from the seismic load are considered in the strength of structure against the fire load. Seismic load intensity, materials properties, gravity load, and geometry are considered as random variables and one probabilistic analysis has been carried out for each seismic load intensity. The results have illustrated that in low seismic load intensities, probabilistic values of failure time in a structure subjected to pure fire load are equal to the one exposed to PEF. With the increase of seismic load intensity, the effects of cracking, spalling, and residual deformations would lead to a decline in the strength of structural elements against PEF scenario. The failure time in 50% failure probability for Sa = 0.2 g, Sa = 1 g, and Sa = 2 g intensities has been calculated as 14,300, 12,200, and 5100 s, respectively. The analysis results have shown that in an unspecified seismic load intensity, the failure time of the 7‐story RC frame for the 50% occurrence probability is equal to 9750 s.
Simplified method for predicting the internal forces in strut‐and‐tie model of cable pylon anchorage zone in a cable‐stayed bridge
Authors: Li Shengyu , Lim Erwin , Chen Zhengqing , Hong Yu , Pu Qianhui
Published: August 2024

The mechanical behavior of cable pylon anchorage zone in a cable‐stayed bridge is complex due to high localized stresses. A strut‐and‐tie model (STM) has been introduced in this paper, which is recommended as an efficient way to analyze the disturbed region. However, predicting the internal forces in the tie members in the STM by integrating stresses was time‐consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, the principle of minimum strain energy was used to analyze the STM of the cable pylon anchorage zone. A simplified method was presented to assess the internal forces in the cable pylon anchorage zone. Moreover, an actual bridge (Cao'e River Bridge) was employed to be analyzed, and the prestressed steel strands in the bridge were obtained by the simplified method. A full‐scale test model of the bridge was fabricated to validate the accuracy of the simplified method. Furthermore, based on the simplified method, the effect of the thickness of front wall, the length of inner opening straight section, the thickness of side wall, the thickness of inner wall and the width of inner opening straight section on the internal force in the tie members in the STM was studied. The results show that the length of inner opening straight section has negligible effect on the internal forces in all tie members. Compared with the thickness of the side wall, the thickness of inner wall and the width of inner opening straight section have limited effect on the internal force of tie members. This study was expected to promote the design of cable pylon anchorage zone.
Age-related alterations in vortex veins on indocyanine green angiography
Authors: Cai Chen-Xi , Yu Shan-Shan , Xiong Xiao-Mei , Liu Bing-Qian , Lin Zhen-Qiang , Wang Qiang , Cui Jin-Li , Liu Ze-Hao , Li Tao , Lu Lin , Lin Ying
Published: August 2024

To determine age-related alterations in vortex veins in healthy subjects. A total of 228 healthy subjects (aged 4 to 86 years) were recruited and divided into four groups (G1, <21 years; G2, 21–40 years; G3, 41–60 years; and G4, 61–86 years). The clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded, and parameters including the number of vortex vein roots (NVVR), the central vortex vein diameter (CVVD), the mean root area of the vortex vein (MRAVV), and the weighted mean of the thickest branch diameter (WMTBD) were obtained by marking the vortex veins on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). The NVVR in the age group over 60 years old was significantly lower than that in other age groups (P < 0.05). The CVVD, MRAVV, and WMTBD of all age groups increased with increasing age (P < 0.05). The NVVR was unevenly distributed among the quadrants (P < 0.001). The proportions of type four vortex veins (complete systems including ampulla) and anastomotic branches of the vortex veins were significantly increased in elderly participants over 50 years of age (P < 0.05). Subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with age, NVVR, CVVD and MRAVV (P < 0.05). This is the first study to reveal age-related alterations in vortex veins on ICGA in a healthy population. Aging may lead to partial vortex occlusion and residual vortex dilation. As age increases, anastomotic branches increasingly appear between the originally independent vortex veins. Translational relevance: Aging may lead to partial vortex occlusion and residual vortex dilation.
Revitalizing Golshan and Sharifieh caravanserais: a study in adaptive reuse and urban preservation
Authors: Hoursan Faezeh , Mofidi Mehranoosh
Published: August 2024

The inefficient urban textures often turn into hotspots of social anomalies, leading to depressed, insecure, and non-participatory spaces. The issue of preserving historic urban textures and their dynamic evolution is essential for sustainable urban development. This research delves into the potential for adaptive reuse of the Golshan and Sharifiye caravanserais in the Hamadan city in Iran. These historically valuable structures previously helped in the facilitation of trade and travel; now, they need regeneration. The research, therefore, aims to harness the tourism and functional capacity of the abandoned Sharifiye caravanserai by linking it with the more popular Golshan caravanserai. This link will prevent abandonment and the deterioration of the Sharifiye caravanserai through the creation of an in-between space since it revitalizes both sites. The study emphasizes preserving cultural heritage while at the same time accommodating modern amenities to meet present needs. Therefore, the proposed adaptive reuse method would focus on preserving historical integrity while enabling the building to have a contemporary use. The method then proposes the creation of a transitional zone that transits the historic fabric to modern interventions. The revitalization and reuse of these caravanserais should be able to attract traders, generate hospitable conditions for residents, and increase local income through the tourism generated and the commerce of handicrafts and traditional arts. Effective principles of adaptive reuse are needed to maintain stability in the structure and function of these buildings. The study concludes that a balanced and thoughtful adaptive reuse approach with in-between space can bring transformation in the abandoned space into a lively cultural hub that would contribute both towards economic and cultural development in Hamadan.