bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of denitrification and decomposition from three biogeochemical models using laboratory measurements of N2, N2O and CO2
Authors: Grosz Balázs , Well Reinhard , Dechow Rene , Köster Jan Reent , Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim , Merl Simone , Rode Andreas , Ziehmer Bianca , Matson Amanda , He Hongxing
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Biogeochemical models are essential for the prediction and management of nitrogen (N) cycling in agroecosystems, but the accuracy of the
denitrification and decomposition sub-modules is critical. Current models were developed before suitable soil N2 flux data were available,
which may have led to inaccuracies in how denitrification was described. New measurement techniques, using gas chromatography and isotope-ratio mass
spectrometry (IRMS), have enabled the collection of more robust N2, N2O and CO2 data. We incubated two arable soils –
a silt-loam and a sand soil – for 34 and 58 d, respectively, with small field-relevant changes made to control factors during this period. For
the silt-loam soil, seven treatments varying in moisture, bulk density and NO3- contents were included, with temperature changing during
the incubation. The sandy soil was incubated with and without incorporation of litter (ryegrass), with temperature, water content and
NO3- content changing during the incubation. The denitrification and decomposition sub-modules of DeNi, Coup and DNDC were tested using
the data. No systematic calibration of the model parameters was conducted since our intention was to evaluate the general model structure or
“default” model runs. Measured fluxes generally responded as expected to control factors. We assessed the direction of modeled responses to
control factors using three categories: no response, a response in the same direction as measurements or a response in the opposite direction to
measurements. DNDC responses were 14 %, 52 % and 34 %, respectively. Coup responses were 47 %, 19 % and 34 %,
respectively. DeNi responses were 0 %, 67 % and 33 %, respectively. The magnitudes of the modeled fluxes were underestimated by Coup and
DNDC and overestimated by DeNi for the sandy soil, while there was no general trend for the silt-loam soil. None of the models was able to determine
litter-induced decomposition correctly. To conclude, the currently used sub-modules are not able to consistently simulate the denitrification and
decomposition processes. For better model evaluation and development, we need to design better experiments, take more frequent measurements, use new
or updated measurement techniques, address model complexity, add missing processes to the models, calibrate denitrifier microbial dynamics, and
evaluate the anaerobic soil volume concept.
The 1921 European drought: impacts, reconstruction and drivers
Authors: van der Schrier Gerard , Allan Richard P. , Ossó Albert , Sousa Pedro M. , Van de Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Coscarelli Roberto , Pasqua Angela A. , Petrucci Olga , Curley Mary , Mietus Mirosław , Filipiak Janusz , Štěpánek Petr , Zahradníček Pavel , Brázdil Rudolf , Řezníčková Ladislava , van den Besselaar Else J. M. , Trigo Ricardo , Aguilar Enric
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The European drought of 1921 is assessed in terms of its impacts on society and in terms of its physical characteristics.
The development of impacts of the drought are categorized by a systematic survey of newspaper reports
from five European newspapers covering the area from England to the
Czech Republic and other parts of Europe. This is coupled to a reconstruction of daily temperature and precipitation based on meteorological
measurements to quantify the drought severity and extent, and reanalysis data are used to identify its drivers.
This analysis shows that the first impacts of the drought started to appear in early spring and lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting
water supply and agriculture and livestock farming. The dominant impact in western Europe is on agriculture and livestock farming while in central Europe
the effects of wildfires were reported on most often. The peak in the number of reports is in late summer.
Preceding the first impacts was the dry autumn of 1920 and winter 1920–1921.
The area hardest hit by the drought in the following spring and summer was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon, but a vast stretch of the continent,
from Ireland to the Ukraine, was affected. The reported impacts on water supply and water-borne transport in that region were matched by an analysis
of the hydrological situation over the Seine catchment.
On average, the 1921 summer was not particularly hot, but the heatwave which was observed at the end of July saw temperatures matching those of the heatwaves in
modern summers.
Similar to modern droughts, an anticyclone was present roughly over the British Isles, maintaining sunny and dry
weather in Europe and steering away cyclones to the north. Its persistence makes it exceptional in comparison to modern droughts. The 1921 drought stands out as the most severe and most widespread drought in Europe since the start of the 20th century. The precipitation deficit in
all seasons was large, but in none of the seasons in
1920 and 1921 was the precipitation deficit the largest on record. The severity of the 1921 drought relates to the conservative
nature of drought which amplifies the lack of precipitation in autumn and winter into the following spring and summer.
FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site
Authors: Wei Dandan , Alwe Hariprasad D. , Millet Dylan B. , Bottorff Brandon , Lew Michelle , Stevens Philip S. , Shutter Joshua D. , Cox Joshua L. , Keutsch Frank N. , Shi Qianwen , Kavassalis Sarah C. , Murphy Jennifer G. , Vasquez Krystal T. , Allen Hannah M. , Praske Eric , Crounse John D. , Wennberg Paul O. , Shepson Paul B. , Bui Alexander A. T. , Wallace Henry W. , Griffin Robert J. , May Nathaniel W. , Connor Megan , Slade Jonathan H. , Pratt Kerri A. , Wood Ezra C. , Rollings Mathew , Deming Benjamin L. , Anderson Daniel C. , Steiner Allison L.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer) model version 1.0 is updated to FORCAsT 2.0 by implementing five major changes, including (1) a change to the operator splitting, separating chemistry from emission and dry deposition, which reduces the run time of the gas-phase chemistry by 70 % and produces a more realistic in-canopy profile for isoprene; (2) a modification of the eddy diffusivity parameterization to produce greater and more realistic vertical mixing in the boundary layer, which ameliorates the unrealistic simulated end-of-day peaks in isoprene under well-mixed conditions and improves daytime air temperature; (3) updates to dry deposition velocities with available measurements; (4) implementation of the Reduced Caltech Isoprene Mechanism (RCIM) to reflect the current knowledge of isoprene oxidation; and (5) extension of the aerosol module to include isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) formation. Along with the operator splitting, modified vertical mixing, and dry deposition, RCIM improves the estimation of first-generation isoprene oxidation products (methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein) and some second-generation products (such as isoprene epoxydiols). Inclusion of isoprene in the aerosol module in FORCAsT 2.0 leads to a 7 % mass yield of iSOA. The most important iSOA precursors are IEPOX and tetrafunctionals, which together account for >86 % of total iSOA. The iSOA formed from organic nitrates is more important in the canopy, accounting for 11 % of the total iSOA. The tetrafunctionals compose up to 23 % of the total iSOA formation, highlighting the importance of the fate (i.e., dry deposition and gas-phase chemistry) of later-generation isoprene oxidation products in estimating iSOA formation.
Impacts of snow data and processing methods on the interpretation of long-term changes in Baffin Bay early spring sea ice thickness
Authors: Glissenaar Isolde A. , Landy Jack C. , Petty Alek A. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Stroeve Julienne C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In the Arctic, multi-year sea ice is being rapidly replaced by seasonal sea ice. Baffin Bay, situated between Greenland and Canada, is part of the
seasonal ice zone. In this study, we present a long-term multi-mission assessment (2003–2020) of spring sea ice thickness in Baffin Bay from
satellite altimetry and sea ice charts. Sea ice thickness within Baffin Bay is calculated from Envisat, ICESat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 freeboard
estimates, alongside a proxy from the ice chart stage of development that closely matches the altimetry data. We study the sensitivity of sea ice
thickness results estimated from an array of different snow depth and snow density products and methods for redistributing low-resolution snow data
onto along-track altimetry freeboards. The snow depth products that are applied include a reference estimated from the Warren climatology, a passive
microwave snow depth product, and the dynamic snow scheme SnowModel-LG. We find that applying snow depth redistribution to represent small-scale
snow variability has a considerable impact on ice thickness calculations from laser freeboards but was unnecessary for radar freeboards. Decisions
on which snow loading product to use and whether to apply snow redistribution can lead to different conclusions on trends and physical
mechanisms. For instance, we find an uncertainty envelope around the March mean sea ice thickness of 13 % for different snow depth/density
products and redistribution methods. Consequently, trends in March sea ice thickness from 2003–2020 range from −23 to 17 cm per decade,
depending on which snow depth/density product and redistribution method is applied. Over a longer timescale, since 1996, the proxy ice chart
thickness product has demonstrated statistically significant thinning within Baffin Bay of 7 cm per decade. Our study provides further evidence
for long-term asymmetrical trends in Baffin Bay sea ice thickness (with −17.6 cm per decade thinning in the west and
10.8 cm per decade thickening in the east of the bay) since 2003. This asymmetrical thinning is consistent for all combinations of snow
product and processing method, but it is unclear what may have driven these changes.
Comparison of Core Endurance and Hamstring Flexibility of Adults with and without Low Back Pain
Authors: Baxi Heta D , Sheth Megha S
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Reduced endurance of trunk muscles as well as poor hamstring flexibility have been found in subjects with backache. Few studies have explored the variations in core endurance and hamstring flexibility in non-athlete subjects with low back pain and normal individuals in Indian community at large. This study aims at comparing the core endurance and hamstring flexibility of the healthy individuals and subjects with low back pain.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in physiotherapy department and community of Ahmedabad. Males and females of 18-65 years with low back pain of any duration and cause were included in Group: A. Subjects with acute/severe back pain where core endurance tests would flare up the pain, diagnosed psychiatric illness, neurological conditions, rheumatic diseases were excluded. Group B had subjects with no back pain. Exclusion criteria was the same for Group: B. Core endurance was assessed with McGill’s core endurance test. Hamstring flexibility was assessed using Sit and reach test. Comparison between the two groups was done using Mann Whitney test and t-test respectively.
Results: Total 101 subjects were approached for the study out of which 96 participated in the study. Statistically significant difference was found between the core endurance [U=563.5, p<0.001 for trunk flexor endurance; U=294.5, p<0.001 for trunk extensor endurance U=573.0, p<0.001; U=522.0, p<0.001 for trunk side bridge test (right and left respectively)] and hamstring flexibility (t= -3.063, df=94; p=0.003) in persons with and without low back pain.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in core endurance time and hamstring flexibility in subjects with and without LBP.

Key words: Low back pain; Core endurance; sit and reach test; muscle tightness; flexibility.
A Case Study of Audiological Test Battery in a Paediatric Patient with Klippel Feil Syndrome
Authors: C Pachaiappan. , Ramya Sri Cherukuri , Menon Hariram Rajeev
Published: October 2021

The Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital anatomical defect which occurs due to the failure of fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae at the neck region. Features include a short neck, low hairline at the back of the head, and restricted movement of the upper spine. This case study includes audiological test battery of a 3 years old with Klippel-Feil syndrome with features of hearing impairment, severely dysplastic internal acoustic meatus [IAM] along with delayed speech and language development. A detailed audiological evaluation was done and the management options were been further discussed.

Key words: Klippel-Feil syndrome, hearing loss, CI, ABI.
Assessment of Post COVID-19 Rehabilitation Programme using Post-Acute Lung Injury Functional Scale
Authors: Gosavi Nayana , Karande Bhagyashri , Godse Ajay
Published: October 2021

Background: Since its outbreak in China in January 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide and then, the World Health Organization declared that outbreak as a pandemic. The predominant pathological change is diffuse lung injury, most of the patients suffered from intra-alveolar fibrinous exudate and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, resulting in hypoxia, dyspnoea, and functional disabilities. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients is a nonpharmacological intervention which is still in evolving phase. Due to insufficient availability of data on functional assessment of any patient who has suffered a lung injury, this study has formulated a grading system for them. Also, we studied our patient data retrospectively to study the impact of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in recovery of these patients.
Methods: This retrospective study was taken to do Functional assessment of patients with COVID-19 using PALIFS (Post-Acute Lung Injury Functional Scale). Along with formulating and executing individually tailored cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programme this study also focused on change in hemodynamic parameters, exercise tolerance and musculoskeletal strength before and after cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
Results: A statistically significant difference (p value <0.0001) was found in oxygen saturation level, heart rate at resting as well as post activity. Also, statistically significant difference in exercise tolerance and musculoskeletal strength post cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Significantly slower recovery with advanced age but not with gender change and presence or absence of comorbidities.
Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation had a positive effect in recovery of COVID-19 patients. Also, the PALIFS was found to be an easy, effective, and appropriate tool for the functional assessment of COVID-19 patients.

Key words: COVID-19, Rehabilitation, Pulmonary, Functional scale, Lung injury.
Prevalence of Impostor Phenomenon in Physiotherapy Professionals: A Pan India Survey
Authors: Kansara Vaishvi. P. , Kumar Neeraj , Pabla Sukhpreet
Published: October 2021

Background: Impostor Phenomenon is described as the psychological experience in which there is the individual does not have the ability to believe that the accomplishments achieved by him/her are deserved or are achieved because of one’s own skills and talents, but because of one being fortunate. Impostor Phenomenon is seen in many professional setting and is also prominent in highly successful individuals. Impostor phenomenon is increasing among the health care professionals. The following study determines the prevalence of Impostor Phenomenon in Physiotherapy professionals.
Method: The study was conducted through online survey method. Simple random sampling was done and forms were sent to the physiotherapists. 200 participants responded to the questionnaire. Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale was used to measure Impostor Phenomenon. Demographic data was collected and questionnaire was filled by the participants. Total scoring was done and the participants were classified according to categories of Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale.
Result: 7.5% of physiotherapists had few impostor characteristics, 58% experienced moderate impostor characteristics, 32% having often impostor characteristics and 2.5% of had intense Impostor Phenomenon. The scoring of male and female physiotherapists was similar and the scores of clinicians were more than academicians.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Impostor Phenomenon affected the Physiotherapists. Many of physiotherapists scored between 40-60 and indicated having the characteristics of Impostor Phenomenon at a moderate level. No significant difference was seen between males and females. The prevalence of Impostor Phenomenon in clinicians was higher than in academicians.

Key words: Impostor Phenomenon, Health care professionals, Physiotherapists.
The Application of Mix Delphi-AHP Method in Identification and Prioritization Competencies Needed by National Tax Collector
Authors: Nasution Ikhwan Muslim , Absah Yeni , Sadalia Isfenti
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to identify and prioritize competencies needed by the national tax collector. This study was conducted in two regional offices of the Directorate General of Taxes that consists of sixteen tax offices. Fourteen former national tax collector’s top performers from the 2017 to 2020 periods participated as the expert panel in two online Delphi surveys on different rating scales (five-point and nine-point) to clarify the list of competencies identified by the researcher from literature reviews and documentation studies. The Delphi panel reached a consensus for sixteen competencies in both surveys representing three categories: managerial, technical, and sociocultural competencies. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyze the priority of competencies. Forty-six respondents, which consists of the National Tax Collector and the Head of the Audit, Appraisal, and Tax Collector Section, were participated in the AHP survey. The result shows that technical competency was the top priority among the category of competencies followed by sociocultural and managerial competencies. Based on the overall scores, the competencies' priority rankings from the top to the lowest, respectively, are sociocultural adaptation, soft collection, adhesive and unifying the nation, hard collection, tax knowledge, identification and profiling of tax bearer, integrity, compliance risk management, ICT literacy, communication, result orientation, decision-making, teamwork, public service, managing change, and developing self and others.

Keywords: Competency, Delphi, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Tax Collector.
A Review on Heteroaryl Substituted Pyrazolines with their Pharmacological Activity and SAR Studies
Authors: Mathew Anatt Treesa , Chandran Meena , Elias Geetha
Published: October 2021

In step with the development of organic chemistry, heterocyclic compounds play an important part. Electron-rich nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives play key role in diverse biological activities. The wide-ranging functionality and stereochemical complexity in a five-member ring structure is shown by the pyrazole nucleus, which has two nitrogen atoms and exhibit aromatic character. The medicinal chemists have been using the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of a molecule in drug discovery as the driving force to guide synthetic efforts, to design new chemical derivatives. It has been reported that pyrazoline derivatives possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifungal, antitubercular, antidepressant, anticonvulsant and analgesic activities. They also possess some potent receptor selective biological activities like monoamine oxidases (MAOs) inhibitor, Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, cholecystokinin-1 receptor antagonist and estrogen receptor (ER) ligand activity. Hence in this article, we focus on the pyrazole derivatives having heteroaryl substituents and their pharmacological activities along with their structure–activity relationships in order to create opportunities to explore the full potential of these compounds.

Keywords: Heterocyclic compounds, Pyrazolines, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, Chalcone.
Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction with the Bus Service Quality of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative
Authors: Linh Luong My , Quoc Nghi Nguyen , Anh Tuan Dinh Hoang
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the factors influencing customer satisfaction with the bus service quality of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative. Research data are collected from 290 customers who regularly use bus services of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative. Applying the exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression, the research results indicate factors positively affecting customer satisfaction with bus service quality are trust, assurance, empathy, traffic culture, perceived value, quality of the station, and tangible facilities. In which, the perceived value puts the most impact on customer satisfaction with the bus service quality of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative.

Keywords: satisfaction, bus service, customer.
Design a Mobile Learning Application to Learn Hijaiyah Letters Based on Android
Authors: . Suheri
Published: October 2021

Mobile learning is a learning process that utilizes technological developments through electronic devices in the form of smartphones or mobile phones. Currently learning hijaiyah is still widely done by meeting directly with the teaching staff, through Iqra or other print media. With this is considered less effective and ineffective and causes boredom for children. Therefore, an efficient, effective and interactive hijaiyah letter learning media is needed that can improve children's reasoning power to learn anywhere and anytime. The application will be designed with a system design tool that is UML (Unified Modeling language) that is easy to describe so that it can help in the compounding of the system. The application will be implemented on android-based mobile devices.

Keywords: Android, Hijaiyah, M-Learning, UML.
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis as Complications of Cellulitis Orbital: Case Report
Authors: Cendani Goller Astari Arum , Tini Kumara
Published: October 2021

Background: Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a complication of infection around the face or paranasal sinuses with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally caused by septic infection, such as orbital cellulitis.
Case Illustrations: A 35-year-old male who came to the neurology polyclinic complained of swelling in the left eyelid, red, watery eyes, blurred vision, difficulty opening the left eye, and the movement of the left eyeball felt normal. The patient had a history of left orbital cellulitis. Laboratory investigations showed an increase in inflammatory markers. The CT scan with contrast showed a hyperdense lesion in the left orbit, suggesting orbital cellulitis. The patient was diagnosed with a cavernous sinus thrombosis due to orbital cellulitis. He was treated with an antibiotic, anticoagulant, and corticosteroid. Three months after treatment, the visual complaints improved, the headache decreased drastically, and we did not find any extraocular muscles weakness.
Conclusions: The administration of antibiotics and anticoagulant therapy in patients with cavernous sinus thrombosis has been proven clinically. The use of corticosteroids has not been proven but is strongly suspected to reduce edema caused by compression of the cavernous sinus.

Keywords: Cavernous sinus thrombosis, orbital cellulitis. infections.
CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES
Authors: Danilova E.V. , Gorodnova O.N.
Published: October 2021

The article presents an analysis of international and national legislation that defines the concept of «corruption» in a differentiated way by listing the signs and types of corruption manifestations, or by clearly differentiating corruption. The authors draw attention to the fact that the Federal Law «On Combating Corruption» specifies the list of criminal offenses rather truncated, which actualizes the problem of the lack of theoretical and legal tools to combat corruption. Neither intersectoral nor sectoral criminal laws describe the complex of all illegal acts that fall under the signs of corruption. The correct classification of corruption crimes has great socio-legal, criminological and moral significance. It will eliminate possible judicial errors, and the introduction of the academic discipline «Legal foundations of anti-corruption» will contribute to the formation of a solid foundation of knowledge in combating and intolerance of corruption. At the end of the article, the authors define the term «corruption».
THE IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL CULTURE IN THE FORMATION OF THE LE- GAL STATE
Authors: Ivanov S.A.
Published: October 2021

The issues of legal culture in the formation of legal consciousness, society and the state are the most developed and studied. However, the problem of interaction of legal culture in the formation of the rule of law remains unresolved, which determines the relevance of further study of this issue. The article analyzes such categories of law as the concept, signs, types, levels and significance of legal culture in the process of forming a legal state. The author draws attention to such objects of research as the principles of the formation of the rule of law, its interaction with civil society institutions, which act as indicators of the legal consciousness of both individuals and their collectives, and society as a whole. The author draws conclusions about the influence of the legal culture of individual groups of citizens, the individual and society in the formation of the legal state. The key problems of the formation of a high level of legal culture of the individual and society are identified, proposals aimed at increasing the importance of the legal culture that affects the formation of the rule of law are made.
METHODS AND SEQUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS CONDUCTING OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF AN ECONOMIC ENTITY
Authors: Levanova E.Yu. , Danilova N.L. , Khusainova A.S.
Published: October 2021

Financial stability, on the one hand, is a criterion of the financial position of the organization at the moment, and on the other hand, it allows you to assess the prospects for business development, its stability in the future. It is also the main indicator of the effectiveness of financial and economic activities, the implementation of management decisions. The sequence of economic and statistical analysis of financial stability should be built in such a way that users can get an objective impression of the prospects for the development of the organization, take measures to strengthen financial stability, adjust its level, assess the risks of investing in the enterprise and its lending.

The article considers and summarizes the methods and approaches used in the process of conducting an economic and statistical analysis of the stability of the financial situation of an economic entity. The sequence of the analysis of financial stability indicators is given, their interrelation and the effectiveness of economic and statistical analysis are revealed.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS TECH- NIQUE INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Serebryakova T.Yu. , Gordeeva O.G. , Khmelev S.A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the essential content of economic security as a type of activity of special services. The practical tasks of service in agricultural enterprises are considered against the background of the analysis of economic security definitions. The attention is paid to the continuity of threat and risk assessment in order to prevent unsafe events. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop safety indicators for continuous monitoring of the safety status of an agricultural organization based on data from a comprehensive economic analysis. The authors have developed the stages of economic analysis of safety indicators, identified the main classification features of agricultural enterprises economic security and the tasks of these services based on the economic analysis of safety indicators.
Acordarea unor sporuri diferite personalului medical și impactul asupra eticii profesionale
Authors: DINU Cătălina-Georgeta
Published: October 2021

Acordarea unor sporuri salariale diferite personalului medical, în funcție de specializarea medicală, conduce la inechități care se răsfrâng asupra actului medical, cu impact asupra eticii profesionale medicale. Aceste diferențieri au fost create prin reglementarea și aplicarea Regulamentului-cadru privind stabilirea locurilor de muncă, a categoriilor de personal, a mărimii concrete a sporului pentru condiţii de muncă prevăzut în anexa nr. II la Legea-cadru nr. 153/2017 privind salarizarea personalului plătit din fonduri publice, precum şi a condiţiilor de acordare a acestuia, pentru familia ocupaţională de funcţii bugetare ''Sănătate şi asistenţă socială'' – aprobat prin Hotărârea de Guvern nr.153/2018 - potrivit căruia sporurile acordate personalului medical creează diferențe mari de venituri între specialitățile medicale, aceste sporuri având cuantum între 5% și 85%. Acordarea diferențiată a sporurilor salariale, în funcție de specialitatea medicală, este lipsită de o justificare obiectivă și rezonabilă, iar amplitudinea diferențelor procentuale dintre sporuri nu se regăsește în alte state europene. Studiul analizează aceste aspecte legislative și are ca obiectiv propunerea unor modificări care să elimine inechitățile identificate.
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing of Biosynthetic Gold Nanoparticles Using Mangosteen (G. Mangostona)
Authors: Jassim Abdulkadir Mohammed Noori , Shafy Gufran Mohammed , Mohammed Mustafa Taha , Farhan Safana Ahmed , Mohammed Noori Omar
Published: October 2021

In current research, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles was achieved via reducing of gold ions in aqueous solution with Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana) peel extract. The optimum concentration of gold (Au) solution, concentration ratio of Au solution and extract, temperature, time and pH, the synthesized AuNPs (G. mangostana-gold nanoparticles) were studied by using UV-Vis, FT-IR, AAS, AFM, SEM and Zitasizer. The absorbance peak is noticed between 535-550 nm via UV-Vis spectroscopic method. The SEM, AFM analysis were proofed the particle as spherical in structure and their size between 15-100nm. Therefore, mechanism of AuNPs synthesis had been suggested. Also, the antibacterial activity was examined using different bacteria as well as free radical scavenging activity was tested using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The AuNPs produced through biosynthesized method indicated a much elevated antioxidant activity as compared to peel extract of G. mangostana. Toxicity of the NPs and extract were tested via giving orally dose 50 mg/b.w. to mice. Diagnosis of the data (pathological changes) indicated that the AuNPs was non-toxic. The G. mangostana peel extract and AuNPs synthesized by this extract were converted to a cream and used as a wound healing cream. As a results, the AuNPs exhibited important role in wound healing progression compared to control, which may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this research confirms its important use of AuNPs and can be utilized as promising agents for in the development of new drugs.
Palabras del Director
Authors: Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo
Published: October 2021

El desarrollo de nuevos conocimientos requiere la implementación de acciones y planes articulados, donde participan diversos grupos de interés. Si bien las universidades se caracterizan por ser los princi- pales centros de investigación y desarrollo de conocimientos, existen otros actores que juegan un papel importante, como son la empresa y el Estado, quienes, mediante un trabajo conjunto, deben contribuir con el logro de los objetivos de generación y transferencia de cono- cimientos para el desarrollo de la sociedad.
Daño por deficiente aplicación de normas sobre intereses en el mandato judicial y/o en su ejecución
Authors: Pariguana Moncca Alejandro L.
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo se propone demostrar que la actualización de liquidación de intereses no se ajusta al ordenamiento jurídico de Perú. Asimismo, se analiza si su inobservancia afecta a los demandados. Para tal efecto, se utiliza el método descriptivo y analítico de los hechos, el cual se realiza en el desarrollo de pericia contable, que corresponde a intereses generados por los créditos otorgados por el sistema financiero. En relación a este punto, se atiende especialmente a los casos de demanda de ejecución de garantía, en los que se dispone del pago de la deuda más los intereses compensatorios y moratorio pactados, dado que no guarda relación con lo que establece la Circular N° 021-2007-BCR, es decir, que el cobro de ambas tasas de intereses por causa de mora solo está permitido para operaciones de crédito ajenas al sistema financiero. De otra parte, también se enfatiza cómo, al actualizar la liquidación de intereses, cuando la deuda excede los 360 días de mora, los peritos proceden a capitalizar los intereses en forma anual, sin que esté pactado en el contrato o en el título valor pagaré. En consecuencia, para actualizar la liquidación de los intereses, se aplica tan solo la tasa de interés moratorio y sin capitalización anual.
Investimentos em TI: os bancos brasileiros divulgam estes investimentos?
Authors: Aranda da Rocha Branco Acantara Alves Aline Thatyana , Verardi Galegale Napoleão , Almeida Santos Fernando
Published: October 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo, identificar se os bancos têm efetuado disclosure de seus investimentos em TI aos investidores. Para isso foram analisadas as Notas Explicativas dos 25 bancos listados na bolsa de valores oficial do Brasil (B3) entre os anos de 2013 e 2017 para verificar se os bancos divulgaram seus investimentos em TI como ativos imobilizados e ativos intangíveis. O resultado obtido foi que 76% realizaram disclosure dos seus investimentos em TI em todas as Notas Explicativas dos anos analisados, como ativos imobilizados e ativos intangíveis e que não utilizaram uma nomenclatura padrão para estas divulgações. Este trabalho contribui para que o mercado identifique o quanto é destacado os investimentos em TI e melhorar as suas práticas, pois estas informações são relevantes para a análise de analistas e investidores. Também contribui com os investidores pois demonstra que 76% das instituições financeiras listadas na B3 estão realizando as divulgações destes investimentos além de contribuir para o preenchimento de uma lacuna existente pela falta de artigos acadêmicos sobre este tema.
Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad NTP-ISO 9001:2015 y su relación con la Política Nacional de Modernización de la Gestión Pública en el Perú al 2021
Authors: Torres Huamaní José , Retamozo Rojasa Noelia
Published: October 2021

Con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de la gestión pública en el Perú, el presente artículo pretende encontrar una relación entre el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad bajo la NTP-ISO 9001:2015 y la Política Nacional de Modernización de la Gestión Pública en el Perú al 2021 (PNMGP). Para ello, se realiza una revisión de la evolución de la gestión de la calidad hasta la actualidad y de su relación con la administración gubernamental. Asimismo, se analizan los principios, requisitos, pilares y ejes de ambos modelos de gestión con la finalidad de que las autoridades políticas, directivos y funcionarios públicos del Perú consideren la importancia de poseer un sistema de gestión de la calidad en el sector público con requisitos y exigencias a nivel internacional, que pueda certificar la calidad de gestión de sus instituciones y en las que deben de asumir el liderazgo.
Sales and Use Taxes: Investigating the Administrative and Compliance Costs for U.S. Small Businesses
Authors: Cardillo Amy , Holt Andrew , Schlaufman Scott
Published: October 2021

Since the 2018 ruling from the Supreme Court on South Dakota v. Wayfair, the issue of sales tax collection and its impact on small and micro-sized businesses has become increasingly debated. Investigating how small business owners currently deal with their sales and use tax collection burden is beneficial for aspiring entrepreneurs wishing to learn best practices and state regulators desiring to help ease the compliance burden. This study explores the accounting and administrative burdens that the collection of Colorado sales and use taxes place on small and micro-sized entities, how small business owners attempt to efficiently and inexpensively navigate the requirements, and the role regulatory agencies play in helping navigate this regulatory burden. The project utilizes an interpretivist perspective using data obtained from 50 semi-structured interviews with small and micro-sized business owners and managers in Colorado. In addition, 6 interviews were conducted with representatives from various Colorado tax-regulatory agencies to investigate the levels of sales tax support and guidance currently being provided, and 2 interviews were conducted with tax and accounting professionals to provide a better understanding of the compliance issues. Despite some assistance from tax regulatory agencies, small and micro-sized entities in Colorado face sizeable accounting and administrative regulatory burdens from the sales tax process that consume valuable management time. In the end, the most common way small businesses manage their cost and regulatory compliance burdens is through the use of an accountant or bookkeeper.
Character Based Lending: A Practical Model to Enhance Access to Capital
Authors: Melnick Adam
Published: October 2021

Most financial institutions use a potential borrower’s credit score as a proxy for the borrower’s character. For many potential borrowers, especially those representing underserved communities, a credit score may not be an accurate measure of character and often has little to do with whether a borrower will repay a loan. This emphasis on credit score excludes many worthy borrowers from having access to the capital they need. Colorado Lending Source, an economic development organization in Colorado, developed a successful “character-based” loan program through which they provide startup and growth funding to borrowers that would not be able to obtain affordable capital elsewhere.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF HERBAL IMMUNOMODULATORY PREPARATIONS NCV I AND AC II – AND THEIR USEFULNESS IN HIV INFECTION
Authors:   Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala-680 555, India., Tharakan S. T , Binitha P. P. , Kuttan R. , Kuttan G.
Published: October 2021

NCV I and AC II are the two herbal immunomodulatory preparations being used in our centre for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for the past 20 years. The objective of this study is to check whether these drugs possess any antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro antiviral activity was determined using Vero cells against Poliovirus. In vivo antiviral activity was determined in chick and duck embryonated eggs using New Castle Disease Virus (NDV), Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) virus and also in NDV vaccinated chicks. NCV I and AC II decreased growth of poliovirus in culture. When the virus-inoculated Vero cells were treated with NCV I, the viral growth was inhibited by 59.87% and with AC II it was inhibited by 70.06%. When the chick embryos were treated with these viruses, there was no immediate lethality for 5 days but the haemagglutination titre (HA) was found to be significantly increased indicating an increase in viral load. The haemagglutination titre for NDV alone was found to be 1024 against normal untreated value of 128. In EDS treated duck eggs HA titre was found to be 4096. These titres were reduced to 4 in NCV I and 8 in AC II treated duck embryos. NCV I and AC II were also found to decrease the HA titre in chicks treated with NDV. These studies indicated the effectiveness of NCV I and AC II in HIV could be partially due to its antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus.
BEHAVIOURAL STUDY OF CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX ON ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF ACECLOFENAC
Authors:   Anuradha College of Pharmacy, Chikhli. Dist-Buldana 443 201, Maharashtra, India., Shaikh J , Deshmane S. V. , Purohit R. N , Biyani K. R.
Published: October 2021

The main objective of the present study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble aceclofenac using its solid dispersion with β-cyclodextrin. FTIR and DSC study was carried out to find out any incompatibility. The phase solubility of drug was carried out in 1, 2, 5, and 10% of β-cyclodextrin in distilled water. Kneading method and solvent evaporation method was use to prepared solid dispersion of aceclofenac and β-cyclodextrin. Different evaluation tests like solubility study in different solvents, PXRD and in vitro dissolution study of aceclofenac- β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were carried out. The overall finding indicated that β-cyclodextrin is a desirable water soluble carrier, that helps in increasing solubility of drug. Due to its structural feature, β-cyclodextrin forms a good inclusion complex that decreases contact angle of drug with water molecules by increasing wetting properties. Hence, it can be concluded that, β-cyclodextrin is better water soluble carrier molecule in terms of its compatibility and increasing solubility behavior of poorly water soluble drug aceclofenac.
DETERMINATION OF BIMATOPROST IN BULK AND OPHTHALMIC DOSAGE FORMS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, KLEU’s College of Pharmacy, Belagavi - 590 010, Karnataka, India., Ambhore N. P , Dandagi P. M. , Gadad A. P. , Reddy N. H. S.
Published: October 2021

The main objective of the current study was to develop a simple, accurate, precise and rapid RPHPLC method and subsequent validation using ICH suggested approach for the determination of bimatoprost in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic separation of bimatoprost was achieved on a phenomenex C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) using PDA detector at 194 nm. The compound was separated with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.2% triethylamine (pH 7.0 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) in the ratio of 50:50 v/v as the optimized mobile phase at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. Chromatogram showed peak of bimatoprost at retention time of 3.8 min. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, system suitability and robustness. Calibrations were linear over the concentration range of 6.25-100 μg/mL as indicated by correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999. Developed method can be applicable for routine quantitative determination of bimatoprost in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
DRUG TARGETS IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S. N. D. T. Women's University, Santacruz (West), Mumbai - 400 049, Maharashtra, India., Saharan V. D. , Vijayaraghavan S. , Mahajan S. S.
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all infectious diseases. The emergence of resistant forms of tuberculosis, strong epidemiological coexistence of HIV, poor patient compliance due to extended chemotherapy and the associated side effects of the existing drugs highlight the fundamental need for new and more effective drugs to treat the disease. In this regard, the structural genomics of Mtb provides key information to identify potential targets for the design of newer antitubercular agents. In addition, the genome of Mtb encodes a series of targets that are unique in Mtb but are absent in mammalian cells. These targets can selectively inhibit the growth of Mtb, help to reduce side effects, prevent resistance development and eliminate latent disease. In this review, novel targets, particularly those widely cited in literature, with structures containing potential inhibitors or substrates for structure-based design of drugs, which can be explored in the development of antitubercular agents, are discussed.
ԼՐԻՎ ՄԵԽԱՆԻԿԱԿԱՆ ԷՆԵՐԳԻԱՅԻ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՄԱՆ ՕՐԵՆՔԻ ՍՏՈՒԳՄԱՆ ՄԻ ԼԱԲՈՐԱՏՈՐ ՓՈՐՁԻ ՄԱՍԻՆ / ABOUT A LABORATORY EXPERIMENT TO TEST THE CONSERVATION LAW OF FULL MECHANICAL ENERGY
Authors: Drmeyan H. , Manukyan V. , Nikoghosyan G.
Published: October 2021

Հոդվածում ներկայացվում է ֆիզիկայի դպրոցական դասընթացի շրջանակում ինքնաշեն սարքի օգտագործմամբ լրիվ մեխանիկական էներգիայի պահպանման օրենքի ստուգման մի լաբորատոր փորձ: Տրվում է սարքի կառուցվածքն ու փորձի ընթացքը: Աշխատանքում քննարկված է նաև այդ օրենքի ստուգման համար ֆիզիկայի 10-րդ դասարանի դասագրքում [1] բերված N 7 լաբորատոր աշխատանքըֈ Համապատասխան փորձերի կատարման արդյունքում վերլուծվել են ստացված թվային արդյունքներըֈ: / The article presents a laboratory experiment to test the law of conservation of full mechanical energy using a homemade device in the framework of a school physics course. The structure of the device and the course of the experiment are given. The work also discusses laboratory work No. 7, proposed in the physics textbook [1] of the 10th grade, to test this law. As a result of the corresponding experiments, the obtained numerical results were analyzed.
Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits
Authors: Abd El-Ghany Wafaa A.
Published: October 2021

Rabbits are considered an important and healthy source of animal protein all over the world. They are susceptible to important diseases that can reduce their productivity, causing severe economic losses. Coccidiosis is one of the important protozoon diseases caused by Eimeria species. Rabbits are highly susceptible to coccidiosis, especially after weaning time. Coccidiosis in rabbits has two forms, namely hepatic and intestinal. Affected animals indicated the symptoms of diarrhea, reduced appetite, dehydration, and weight loss as well as liver and intestinal lesions. Diagnosis is based on the detection of the infective stages of the protozoon in feces or affected tissues. Prevention and control are achieved by adopting hygienic measures and using different anticoccidial drugs. The use of natural alternatives for the prophylaxis of coccidiosis in rabbits indicated promising results. Vaccine production trials are still under investigation. Accordingly, this review article aims to shed light on coccidiosis in rabbits considering pathology, diagnosis, and control.