bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capillary Pressure, Fluid Distribution, and Oil Recovery in Preserved Middle Bakken Cores
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Kazemi Hossein , Simpson Gary A.
Published: March 2017

Understanding reservoir rock characteristics and the forces that mobilize oil in unconventional reservoirs are critical in designing oil recovery schemes. Thus, we conducted laboratory experiments in three preserved Middle Bakken cores using centrifuge and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument to understand oil recovery mechanisms in the Bakken. Specifically, we measured capillary pressure, pore size distribution, and oil and brine distributions.

A series of oil and brine replacement experiments (drainage and imbibition) were conducted in the preserved cores using a high-speed centrifuge. T2 time distribution and one-dimensional saturation profile measurements were obtained using a 2-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance instrument before and after centrifuge experiments. Moreover, pore size distribution was determined from Mercury Intrusion Capillary Pressure (MICP) and Nitrogen Gas Adsorption experiments. We conducted scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging on polished core slabs to determine pore shapes and mineralogy of pore walls using a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).

Our measurements show that, contrary to the common notion, the preserved Middle Bakken cores are not oil-wet—but show mixed-wet characteristics. Water resides in smaller pores and oil resides in larger pores in all experiments. Using a low-salinity synthetic brine of 50,000-ppm to surround Bakken cores of much higher salinity, we produced up to 6.33 % (of pore volume) oil from two higher porosity (~8%) cores, and 10.72% (of pore volume) oil from one lower porosity (~2%) core in spontaneous imbibition experiment. Moreover, up to 6.62 % (pore volume) oil from the two higher porosity cores and 11.23% (of pore volume) oil from the lower porosity core was produced in forced imbibition experiment. These experiments indicate that chemical osmosis overrides the wettability effects in tight Middle Bakken cores. The new observations regarding osmosis have altered our classical notion of capillary imbibition in shale reservoirs.
Gas Lift Production Benchmarking Using IPR Risked Inflow Modeling: Case Study
Authors: Bagci Suat
Published: March 2017

Ensuring effective production benchmarking studies and field management requires a through and continuing understanding of the reservoir performance. Deviations from anticipated performance must be recognized and, if necessary, corrected before they impact the expected life cycle performance and value of the project.

This study was performed to establish (Inflow Performance Relationship) IPR risked modeling for a variety of completion options and to assess the likely well performance under gas lift production benchmarking of a field. The IPR risked inflow modeling used the Monte Carlo simulation method to define the range of potential outcomes associated with uncertainties in key reservoir and completion input data. Skin data for the completion options being considered, i.e., Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP), Cased Hole Frac-Pack (CHFP) and Cased Hole Gravel Pack/Internal Gravel Pack (CHGP/IGP) were then used to establish the probabilistic distribution, which could then be used in combination with reservoir uncertainty data to perform the risk-based inflow modeling.

The results of the risk-based IPR modeling showed that the completion options for the CHFP proved to be the best overall performer. The CHGP/IGP completion proved to be the least effective, primarily because of the high skin associated with this type of completion. The OHGP completion compared closely to the CHFP, but the greater probability of higher skin resulted in poorer performance compared to the CHFP.

Tornado analysis was carried out to highlight the parameter leading to the greatest uncertainty in well performance. This analysis proved that permeability, in most cases, had greater negative impact on well performance than skin when there was a higher permeability layer in the reservoir. It should be noted that this can reverse; skin can be the most significant negative factor for lower permeability ranges. In all cases, skin had the greatest positive impact on well performance due to negative values of skin for all completion types. To validate the model, well test data was used to validate the probabilistic skin model results for CHFP completion.

The gas lift modeling was carried out based on IPR Risked inflow modeling to reduce the gas lift design uncertainties for vertical and deviated wells. Gas lift was extremely beneficial in the lower productivity index (PI) or higher water cut (WC) wells. Impact of gas injection depth on oil production was assessed for each reservoir layer at various stages of the field life.
OCTG Advancements in Casing Drilling: Where We Have Been and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Grijalva O. , Holzmann J. , Oppelt J. , Perozo N. , Paz C. , Asgharzadeh A.
Published: March 2017

The technique of drilling a well using the casing string has earned itself a well deserved place as one of the most effective and cost-saving ways to drill and complete a hydrocarbon well; the cornerstone of this is the casing pipe, composed by the pipe body itself and the threaded connection. Normally an API-Buttress type connector is used; nevertheless, it has been proven in both controlled and field conditions that this connector is not completely adequate for Casing Drilling per se, as high torque capacities are demanded. Apart from that, and due to this condition, the constant need for using torque enhancers represents a high limitation to the Drilling with Casing technique itself. For this, Premium-type connectors address this point in a more proper way in form of improved geometries in thread and shoulder profiles and enhanced sealing capabilities.

Despite of this, Premium Connections are seldom used in Casing Drilling applications, being them almost relegated to very special, seldom drilling deployments. However, successful use of Premium Connections in Casing Drilling projects offshore Australia, Norway and onshore Mexico are paving the road for an intensive inclusion of Premium Connections in the field; this has also come as the result of the current diversification of the OCTG market for this connectors coming after a better understanding of load distribution and torque "control" by means of improved geometric design combined with the successful integration of axial-symmetric modeling (Finite Element Method) and Full Scale Testing for design and validation of new couplings. In this work, a holistic approach will address the technological highlights making up the past and current market offer and future tendencies in OCTG specialty connectors for casing drilling, understanding this as the direct result of the evolution of this drilling technique and the recent improvements in Full Scale Testing and computer-assisted design.

It was observed that the drilling of horizontal sections with a casing string in some field developments worldwide was only possible between 1990-2010 due to important modifications made to Full Scale Testing procedures employed to validate newly designed Premium Connections. In this case, the inclusion of a testing stage with bending broadened the usage spectrum in which some Premium Connection geometries were able to perform well; this serves as a concise, yet significative example of the constant evolution the OCTG sector underwent in the last decades, and also a great example of the superb applicability of Premium Connections in high demanding oilfield operations like drilling a well with casing pipe.

This work brings new light into the understanding of the potential of Premium Connections as a standard selection parameter for OCTG used in Casing Drilling, understanding the combined usage both technologies as a clear warrant towards well integrity.
Lateral Wellbore Rock Characterization and Hydraulic Fracture Optimization Utilizing Drilling Cuttings and Mud Log in Cleveland Sand: A Case Study
Authors: Stolyarov Sergey , Gadzhimirzaev David , Sadykhov Said , Ackley Benjamin , Lipp Casey
Published: March 2017

Optimizing a hydraulic fracture stimulation in a horizontal well requires an understanding of the petrophysical properties, and the near-wellbore and far-field stresses along the entire lateral. Such reservoir characterization is normally developed from a geomechanical and petrophysical analysis using wireline or logging-while-drilling services that include acoustic and borehole-image logs. Unfortunately, economic considerations often inhibit or preclude complete characterization, especially in the current economic climate.

An affordable and convenient alternative for reservoir characterization is to use commonly recorded data, such as drilling mechanics and steering information, to provide a gross characterization. Adding a comprehensive drill cuttings analysis provides insight into rock texture, mineralogy, and rock properties along the entire length of the lateral that is not available from the nominal real-time services. When performed in real time, such studies help ensure that the well stays on-target and within in the pay zone. Such information can later augment the reduced data sets to improve the completion strategy and hydraulic fracture design.

This paper describes a case study of a 4-well fracturing campaign in the lower Cleveland sand in Ellis County, Oklahoma. The objective of this project was to compare the completion and production from geometrically stimulated wells against an equal number of wells with an engineered optimization plan. The basic information included drilling data, steering information, and a basic mud and gas log. The optimization on the two engineered wells included an advanced drill cuttings analysis that provided rock texture, mineralogy, and rock properties along the entire length of the lateral. In addition, the drill cuttings were evaluated by a rock laboratory for fluid sensitivity.

The results of this study show a significant improvement in the hydraulic fracturing treatment results. The engineered fractured completions were 70% faster— in particular eliminating screenouts that affected operations in one of the geometrically designed wells. The design process is described and has been extended to include the results of the drill cuttings analysis, and incremental results from fracture operations. These are correlated with the plan wells, and a comparison of the available production data is included in the final evaluation of the technique. The lower Cleveland sand was amenable to using this reduced data set for fracture optimization, and this method may be applicable to similar formations.
Self-Removing Fracturing Plugs: A Study of Initial Adoption in the Williston Basin
Authors: Nichols Matthew , Eis Andrew
Published: March 2017

Research and development of hydraulic fracturing plug materials has shifted to materials that degrade upon exposure to wellbore fluids, thus eliminating the typically necessary post-fracturing millout operations. This paper provides an overview of the field trials and initial commercialization of a dissolvable metal alloy fracturing plug in the Williston Basin. The paper also discusses the alloy’s reaction with wellbore fluids and degradation prediction based on wellbore fluid constituents.

During several months of degradable fracturing plug field trials, performance metrics were established, monitored, and analyzed for each stage of the completion process. Tests were conducted using samples of the alloy submerged in actual wellbore fluids from a given field trial to predict wellbore degradation. The test results were correlated to the field trial results, which helped enable prediction of degradation in future field trials.

The conventional design and mechanics of the degradable alloy fracturing plug allow it to be set similar to the industry-standard composite plugs because no special tools or processes are necessary. More than 1,500 successful runs have been completed in the Williston Basin alone. Installation performance has been predictable since the field trials began; however, estimating degradation time has been more challenging because fluid-related variables are difficult to control. Degradation can vary significantly, even in similar fluids, because of specific fluid constituents’ effects on the reaction that occurs at the plug-fluid interface. The approach of relating test results to field results helps correlate many of these variables and helps identify specific constituents that affect degradation. Strong production figures allowed an operator to skip post-fracturing treatment millout operations in a few cases, thus saving more than USD 200,000 and several days of millout operations in one particular case. Additional field results and tests should help predict with a higher degree of certainty whether a well can be put on production after the fracturing treatment.

This paper summarizes an approach for establishing performance standards, implementing testing methods, and predicting degradation of a degradable alloy fracturing plug designed to help eliminate post-fracturing treatment interventions altogether.
Study and Application of Novel Low Damage Stimulation Technology in Sulige Tight Gas Field
Authors: Yaoyao Duan , Baoshan Guan , Yun Xu , Zhanwei Yang , Yongjun Lu , Zhuhong Tian , Xueliang Yu
Published: March 2017

The Sulige tight gas reservoir is characterized by poor physical properties, tiny pore throats, low fracturing coefficients, high contents of clay minerals and high sensitivity to damages induced by external fluids. To minimize the damages of reservoir induced by fracturing fluids and thereby enhance the well performance, researches were performed on low damage fracturing fluids. By adopting the cellulose modification technology and special crosslinker, a residue-free cellulose fracturing fluid system was developed. This system involves fewer kinds of additives. It can realize crosslinking under acidic conditions without addition of clay stabilizer, and enables the gelatinizer to dissolve fast. Lab tests show that the cellulose thickener may swell and reach 97.2% of its maximum viscosity within 2 min. When shearing at 90°C and 170 s-1 for 90 min, the apparent viscosity of fracturing fluid is 390.2 mPa·s, the surface tension and interface tension of gel-breaking fluid are 24.35 mN/m and 1.05 mN/m respectively, the residue content of fracturing fluid is zero, and the core damage rate is 12.3%. Thus, this cellulose fracturing fluid demonstrates rapid viscosity enhancing ability, high temperature-resistance, high shear resistance, fast and thorough gel breaking and residue-free., making it more suitable for tight gas reservoir. The new system can be prepared easily and conveniently on site. It was applied in 5 wells in East-2 Area of the Sulige Gasfield, with success rate of 100% and with open-flow capacity of 9.5×104 m3/d in production test. Compared with neighboring wells with identical geologic conditions, the average post-fracturing flow-back time for broken glue was reduced by 55%, and the average open-flow capacity was enhanced by 180%. With outstanding performance in productivity enhancement, the new system is worthy of extensive promotion.
In-Situ Poisson's Ratio Determination under Different Deformational Conditions
Authors: Baldino S. , Rafieepour S. , Miska S. Z.
Published: March 2017

Knowledge of in-situ mechanical rock properties is of critical importance for well design and prediction of formation fracturing, including human-induced seismicity. Shahri and Miska (2013) proposed an innovative technique for the estimation of in situ Poisson's ratio. Under the assumption of plane strain, the interference well test was generalized to also find the average in-situ Poisson's ratio. An extension and comparison of this model to several different boundary conditions such as generalized plane stress and uniaxial strain is proposed.

Firstly, the three-dimensional theory of consolidation is applied to formulate the generalized diffusivity equation for a deformable porous medium. This provides us with the coupling between deformation and flow response needed to determine Poisson's ratio from an interference well test. Generalized plane stress, simplified generalized plane stress, uniaxial strain, generalized uniaxial strain, and plane strain with constant horizontal stress assumptions are then applied, resulting in several different values of the estimated Poisson's ratio. The same field data originally analyzed are used to show the main steps of the proposed technique, and to compare its results with that derived in the earlier work.

Estimation of average in situ Poisson's ratio, using different assumptions, provides a means to select the most appropriate model for accurate reservoir deformational behavior. In-situ Poisson's ratio and specific storage capacity, depending on flow-induced stress changes, can also enhance the accuracy of the estimated stress distribution resulting from production/injection. This leads to optimization of well design and formation fracturing.
Evaluating Multiple Methods to Determine Porosity from Drilling Data
Authors: Cedola A. E. , Atashnezhad A. , Hareland G.
Published: March 2017

Porosity can be obtained from drilling data by using different correlations that relate the porosity to the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), which is obtained from drill bit inverted rate of penetration (ROP) models. Knowing the porosity at a given depth can benefit in helping to define the formations being penetrated and to characterize variations in a reservoir, thereby benefitting in selective stimulation. In this paper, previous studies that present methods for calculating porosity from UCS values will be compared and evaluated with sections of porosity that have been calculated from log data taken from three wells in Alberta, Canada. The correlations that will be compared include: Onyia, Sarda, Erfourth, and the UCS-gamma ray methods. The Onyia, Sarda, and Erfourth correlations are previously published while the UCS-gamma ray method correlates UCS in conjunction with the gamma ray at the bit. The porosity values that are found through these correlations are then plotted and their trends compared to each other as well as to the porosity obtained from log data in different sections from the well in Alberta, Canada. This process will help to determine what formation types are best correlated to the individual correlation. Typical drilling data is used in an inverted ROP model to obtain UCS. The UCS and gamma ray values are then taken and related to the porosity through the correlations presented in this paper and compared to the porosity determined from log data. Examining the different correlations that have been analyzed in various types of formations yield information indicating which correlation is best correlated to a specific formation type. The comparison's show that the predictability for some correlations are reasonable for limited datasets and sections of the well. To reasonably predict porosity values for mixed lithologies or shale formations, the integration of gamma log data is necessary. The trends exhibited from the correlations show that the comparison between porosity in shale is better seen when using the integrated UCS-gamma ray correlation. Utilizing the new UCS-gamma ray model seemingly indicates that this useful new method can more accurately predict porosity variations in mixed lithologies and in shale reservoir sections. Bettering stimulation placement as well as minimizing logging in the reservoir can greatly reduce the overall cost of the operation. The improved selective stimulation process could also allow for higher production rates and/or potential reduced stimulation cost, thus increasing overall profit.
Quantification of the Microstructure Heterogeneities of Bakken Shale Reservoirs from Multi-Fractal Analysis
Authors: Liu Kouqi , Ostadhassan Mehdi
Published: March 2017

Unlike the more homogeneous pores in sandstones, the pores structures in the shale formations are heterogeneous and complicated due to the diagenesis and geological processes. The heterogeneous rock pore structures can influence not only the flow properties of the oil and gas but also the mechanical properties. Thus, it is important for us to quantify the heterogeneities of the pore structures in this kind of rocks. In this paper, we used the multifractal theory to analyze the microstructure heterogeneity properties of the samples from Bakken Formation which is a typical unconventional shale reservoir in North America. Based on the study of the scale impact on the multifractal parameters, we proposed the necessity of using the representative elementary area to analyze the pore structures. Finally, we derived the representative elementary area of several samples and compared their heterogeneities.
A Practical Guide to Modern Diversion Technology
Authors: Van Domelen Mary S.
Published: March 2017

Success of a matrix acidizing or fracture stimulation treatment depends upon complete coverage of all zones. The diversion process is used to help ensure that stimulation fluids are distributed across the entire interval to be treated. The diversion method best suited for a particular situation depends on many factors, including the type of well completion, perforation pattern, zonal isolation method, and stimulation technique. Selection of the most appropriate diversion method is also influenced by variations in formation permeability or stress contrasts along the interval to be treated. The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical review of diversion technologies applied in matrix acidizing and hydraulic fracturing treatments and to build upon past experiences to allow optimization of modern diversion practices with self-degrading particulates. Diverter design guidelines will be provided guiding the reader toward the best practices for a) choosing the appropriate base material, b) selecting the correct particle size distribution, c) deploying the diverting agent properly, and d) monitoring the execution of the diverter stages. Laboratory and field data will be provided to supplement the design process.
Enhancing MPD Functionality: Successful Application of Adaptive Intelligent Drilling Software in Deepwater, Offshore and Onshore Operations
Authors: Rostami S.Ameen. Ameen
Published: March 2017

Because of the inherent safety and time-saving capability of managed pressure drilling (MPD), its use is becoming progressively more common in drilling operations. More importantly, MPD is increasingly being considered for any other operations requiring precise pressure control to maintain wellbore integrity in constricted drilling boundaries. The essential need of such a comprehensive system led to the design of innovative MPD software in which integrated smart control logics and intelligent engineering modules manage downhole pressure accurately.

The continuing development of adaptive advanced MPD software, including user interface, integrated models, control algorithm, connection optimization, and detection modules, enable critical decision making for more efficient execution. This MPD software supports pre-engineering operation, post-job analysis, automation of real-time and pressure-sensitive tasks, multiple software engines evaluating limits, and multiple components being controlled in one place.

This paper will discuss the operational details of implementing the new adaptive MPD drilling software in different complex geological reservoirs. The integrated MPD drilling software platform is used in combination with interactive models and surface and downhole data measurement in a unified computing system to enhance real-time analysis of drilling performance. Additional software platform applications deliver the common integration baseline that enables pre-drilling, while-drilling, and post-drilling analyses. The integrated, automated MPD software has been successfully used in several onshore high-temperature/high-pressure (HPHT) wells, deepwater offshore wells (naturally fractured formation), and North Sea wells with narrow drilling windows (where both HPHT and wellbore stability were challenges). This paper discusses the applications and the newest developments in the MPD integrated software to automatically and precisely manage wellbore pressure. The results to be presented include the summary of the planning, while-drilling analysis, and post-drilling analysis of several case studies.
Gas in Riser - The Elephant in the Room
Authors: Vavik D. , Sevillano L. C. , Sangesland S. , Røed B. K.
Published: March 2017

Gas hydrates forming during well control events in deep water plugging kill and choke lines is a risk previously documented (Lage et al. 2002). In this paper a deep water well's temperature profile has been calculated to investigate the forming of hydrates in the wellbore casing and the riser annulus. The calculations show that water-based mud (WBM) has a large potential for cooling down the wellbore during circulation. The cold seawater surrounding the long riser act as a heat exchanger that gradually removes energy or heat from the drilling fluid. The relatively low thermal conductivity for cement will also result in the cement acting as an insulating layer against the formation, leaving the casing wall at a relative low temperature. The study shows that the temperature conditions for forming [BR1]hydrates are likely[BR2] present deep down inside the wellbore casing as well as in the wellhead, the BOP and the drilling riser.

The volume reduction when hydrates are forming may mistakenly be interpreted as loss of mud to the formation and not a result of gas influx to the wellbore. This may have safety implications. [BR3]Gas hydrates forming in the casing wellbore may also change the properties of the WBM since gas hydrates are formed using water from the mud.

The calculations also show that gas hydrates may stay stable in large part of the wellbore casing and the riser annulus and may be transported a long distance to the upper part of the riser and without any significant change in volume. If gas hydrates are transported up the riser, the released gas will expand rapidly upon the melting of the hydrates, resulting in a very limited time for the drill crew to perform the required actions.

Based on the findings in the study the authors recommend that the human factors implications of hydrates in drilling and well control should be further investigated in order to improve overall system safety.
Operational Efficiencies Realized by Integrating Managed Pressure Drilling and Rig Control Systems
Authors: Smith Michael
Published: March 2017

As managed pressure drilling (MPD) has come of age, it is becoming clear that a new approach of integrating MPD into the drilling rig control system is needed. The typical strategy of installing a MPD monitor in the driller's cabin and labeling that "integrated" is not sufficient for achieving the full potential of MPD. Instead, this approach leads to operational inefficiencies and higher potential for making simple mistakes that have significant impact on the operational success of a MPD deployment. This paper will review the factors that need to be considered and study the impact on personnel performance that is critical to a successful integration of MPD and rig control systems.
Assessing Heave-Induced Pressure Oscillations in Offshore MPD
Authors: Strecker Timm , Aamo Ole Morten , Manum Henrik
Published: March 2017

The focus of this paper is to illustrate how a first-principles model of the well hydraulics can be utilised to assess the magnitude of heave-induced pressure oscillations while drilling offshore from floating rigs. Such pressure oscillations are important to consider, as they can violate tight pressure margins.

Based on numerical simulations, we identify situations in which significant downhole pressure oscillations must be expected. We discuss parameters that affect the pressure amplitudes, and illustrate how the simulator is set up to predict the to-be expected pressure oscillations. Such predictions are essential for making an educated decision on whether drilling is possible under given wave conditions and drilling parameters, both when planning a well and in real-time while drilling. We also illustrate how uncertain downhole parameters affect the pressure oscillations, and propose ways to handle the uncertainty in the predictions.

Finally, practical issues such as the estimation of downhole pressure oscillations from on-site measurements, calibration of model parameters, ways to reduce the pressure oscillations via the choke, and the limitations thereof, are discussed.
Releasing the Potential of MPD through True Rig Integration
Authors: Hovland Svein , Tapar Shantur , Stridsklev Christian , Jackson Thomas A.
Published: March 2017

For years, the MPD community has predicted that MPD will be the next convention in drilling, and many rigs have been retrofitted to enable MPD on a temporary basis. However, advanced MPD technologies remain a service that operators call out when they cannot achieve their drilling targets without it.

MPD is perceived as complicated, requiring specialist knowledge in both the planning and execution phase. Lack of standardized equipment and procedures fuels this perception. Because of the limited and temporary use, few companies develop or retain in-house expertise, which again limits promotion and use of the technology.

The cost of an MPD project is prohibitively high to many. Mobilizing a temporary MPD service involves extensive rig modifications, installation, commissioning and third party certifications. In addition, comes MPD service rates and cost for personnel.

Although many case histories have demonstrated the value of MPD by greatly reducing nonproductive time and allowing access to challenging reservoirs, the cost and complexity of MPD deployment remain obstacles that leaves MPD as a niche technology that many decision-makers resist.

The solution to these challenges is simple: To finally release the full potential of MPD, permanent installation and true integration with existing rig infrastructure is required, combined with a more sustainable and favorable business model. This paper discusses the steps to the next generation managed pressure drilling platform.
Realizing Rig Integration: Implementing Deepwater MPD Technology in 6th Generation Ultra-Deepwater Drillships
Authors: Gouldin David , Lancaster Jay , Boutalbi Said , Dietrich Earl , Toralde Julmar Shaun
Published: March 2017

Technology integration is not complete without ownership. In light of the numerous challenges associated with deepwater plays all over the world, the most recent generation of ultra-deepwater drillships have more thoroughly considered the integration of managed pressure drilling (MPD) technology into the rigs. In the interest of accelerating technology integration of MPD in deepwater environments, essential equipment that enables the technique and its associated methodologies was recently offered for ownership by service companies to drilling contractors. Two (2) state-of-the-art dynamically positioned (DP3) drillships have successfully integrated MPD via ownership into their rig systems. This paper focuses on the process that was undertaken to realize rig integration for these drilling rigs, as well as on the challenges that were faced and the solutions developed to surmount them. More importantly, it discusses the outcome of the pioneering MPD rig integration projects and the lessons that were learned along the way, so that future projects are able to build on them. Lastly, it covers the substantial advantages and benefits that MPD equipment ownership, instead of traditional equipment rental, brings to the service companies, drilling contractors and operators.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrate in Waters of a Forested Catchment Using Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Weigand Susanne , Bol Roland , Reichert Barbara , Graf Alexander , Wiekenkamp Inge , Stockinger Michael , Luecke Andreas , Tappe Wolfgang , Bogena Heye , Puetz Thomas , Amelung Wulf , Vereecken Harry
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

WTC analysis was used to elucidate the non‐stationary C/N relationship at different time scales.

Water transit times (≈groundwater contribution) were key drivers for the C/N relationship.

Phase shifts between the C/N time series increased with rising groundwater influence.

WTC analysis can help to identify spatiotemporally dependent relationships in cachtments.

Understanding natural controls on N and C biogeochemical cycles is important to estimate human impacts on these cycles. This study examined the spatiotemporal relationships between time series of weekly monitored stream and groundwater N and C (assessed by NO3− and dissolved organic C [DOC]) in the forested Wüstebach catchment (Germany). In addition to traditional correlation analysis, we applied wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis to study variations in the correlation and lag time between the N and C time series for different time scales. Median transit times were used to connect hydrologic and water chemistry data. We defined three stream‐water groups: (i) subsurface runoff dominated locations with strong seasonal fluctuations in concentrations, short transit times, and strong negative C/N correlations with short time lags, (ii) groundwater dominated locations, with weaker seasonal fluctuations, longer transit times, and weaker C/N correlations with lags of several months, and (iii) intermediate locations, with moderate seasonal fluctuations, moderate transit times, and strong C/N correlations with short time lags. Water transit times could be identified as key drivers for the C/N relationship and we conclude that C and N transport in stream water can be explained by mixing of groundwater and subsurface runoff. Complemented by transit times and the hydrochemical time series, WTC analysis allowed us to discriminate between different water sources (groundwater vs. subsurface runoff). In conclusion, we found that in time series studies of hydrochemical data, e.g., DOC and NO3−, WTC analysis can be a viable tool to identify spatiotemporally dependent relationships in catchments.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AXIOLOGICAL ATTITUDE TO THEMSELVES AND THEIR PEERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN FROM THE ORPHANAGE AND COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
Authors: Kholodkova O. G. , Panfilova S. D.
Published: March 2017

The article features current problems of development of the axiological attitude to themselves and their peers in orphanage and comprehensive school pupils of primary school age. The possibilities of the development of the axiological attitude to themselves and their peers among orphans in specially-organized conditions are studied. The article summarizes the results of an experimental study of the dynamics of the valuable relation to themselves and their peers in the implementation of correctional and development program "Live in peace with each other and friends". Valuable relation to themselves and their peers was measured by the test method Rene Gilles and "incomplete sentences", which used a modified processing of the results. The paper draws conclusions about a low level of development of the axiological attitude to peers in orphans, as well as about the effectiveness of the implementation of correctional and development programs in orphanages in terms of the development of value-semantic sphere of the person. The results of experimental studies can be useful to teachers, psychologists, social workers, primary school teachers
THE USE OF «THE NAMING DICTIONARY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE» IN STUDYING SYNONYMS
Authors: Dudareva Ya. A.
Published: March 2017

Based on the material of "The Naming Dictionary of the Russian language", the article shows the result of comparing pairs of lexical items recognized in the traditional linguistics classic example of absolute synonyms: the word "behemoth" and " hippopotamus". Comparison of associative fields called tokens, whose parts are their naming fields, allows them to be considered absolute synonymous, but only roughly. While the associative field of the word-stimulus “behemoth” contains numerous reactions, characterizations, references to precedent texts, in the field of associative wordstimulus “hippopotamus” major part of the reaction is the association related to the large size of the animal. Comparison of the naming fields of the analyzed synonyms brings out their differences. According to Russian speakers, the words “behemoth” and “hippopotamus” have great naming potential, but it is the word “behemoth” that has achieved its naming implementation capacity. The word “hippopotamus” is hardly ever used as a name of an organization. As a results of the experiments, in addition to general naming potential (both words can be used for product names, food, shoe stores, pet stores, shops for children), lexical words “behemoth” and “hippopotamus” have differences in the composition of their naming fields. According to Russian speakers, the word “behemoth” is more suitable as the name of a grocery store, while the word “hippopotamus” can primarily be used as the name of a large-sized clothing shop. Thus, from the perspective of ordinary native speakers of Russian, lexical units "behemoth" and "hippopotamus" are not absolute synonyms.
THE STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL COMPOSITION OF SOVIET POETRY DEVOTED TO THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Shelestyuk E. V.
Published: March 2017

The article describes the conceptual structure of the body of Soviet poetry, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, identified by the automatic semantic analysis, cluster analysis and contextual interpretation of semantic core. We specify the central lexis (the semantic weight ≥20), the near peripheral lexis (19-6) and the far peripheral lexis (5-2) and hence the nuclear, auxiliary and peripheral concepts. We also determine the ratio of generalized or abstract concepts and concrete, basic-level concepts; the former somewhat prevail over the latter. The abstract concepts include "intellective" (war, waiting, return, death, memory, hope, glory, grand, terrible, Motherland, victory, come to life, soul, etc.) and "emotive" (grief, sadness, guilt, love, fear, fatigue, courage, duty, power, pain, conscience, etc.). The concrete concepts provide detailed profiling of the ground against which particular figures are represented, here we find the realities of the front (soldiers, trench, track, wet, drag, move, attack, run, boom, etc.), and the realities of the civilian life (yard, childhood, garden, village, hut, etc.); the realities of military and civilian life are closely intertwined. Based on R. Langacker’s tenet that the greater the attention upon the ground, the greater the objectivity of construal, we conclude on the objective representation of the wartime by the Soviet poets.
TEXTILE HORSECLOTH AS AN ATTRIBUTES OF ROYAL POWER
Authors: Shapiro B. L.
Published: March 2017

The article discusses the importance of the textile equipment as oneof the components in the system of organization of power in Russia. Items selected for examination are related to the participation of the horse, as one of the most mythologized of animals in Russian culture, in the sacred environment. In this context, we considered textile horse trappings in general, with an accent on the most important items of the tsar's ritual sphere, filled with allegorical symbolism. These are authentic objects of applied art from the collections of Russian museums, which are interpreted by the inventory and historical narrative. Special attention is given to the equipment belonging to personal horses of Russian monarchs from Ivan the Terrible to Paul I. We investigate in detail all textile components of the ceremonial furnishings of the royal horse. We partially studied heraldic and funeral horsecloth. Summing up the results, textile horsecloth, with all its diversity in different historical periods, serves the formation of the image of a powerful monarch in the first place.
ON EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ACTIVATION IN LYMPHOID AND EPITHELIAL CANCER CELLS
Authors: Astakhova Lidiya , Astakhova Lidiya , Matskova Lyudmila , Matskova Lyudmila , Ernberg Ingemar , Ernberg Ingemar
Published: March 2017

Symbiotic microbiota system functions in homeostasis maintenance of organism are performed through production of multiple microbial low-molecular-weight compounds. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have a special and multifunctional role among similar compounds. The most important SCFA is a butyric acid which provides barrier and metabolic functions mainly in large intestine. Hyperacetylasion of histones due to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition is one of the key mechanisms, by dint of which the butyric acid influences biologically the large intestine atypical cells. Butyric acid influence at the molecular level is studied insufficiently, in particular, even taking into account all positive effects, there is a danger of reactivation of latent infections which are in cells in their latent form and which may enter acute lytic phase when the transcriptional apparatus is activated. This article presents the study results of butyric acid mechanisms of influence on replication process of Epstein-Barr virus in cancer cells of different origin. It is demonstrated that under the butyric acid influence in epithelial and lymphoid cells transition from latent virus phase to lytic one takes place by means of BZLF-1 and BRLF-1 genes activation. Besides, the butyric acid inhibiting effect on epithelial nasopharynx cancer cells migration in vitro is demonstrated. Based on the obtained data, conclusions were made concerning practicability of butyric acid studying for further use as a functional product in the fight against cancer.
DE-IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR IOT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK PRIVACY PROTECTION
Authors: Huang Yennun , Li Szu-Chuang , Tai Bo-Chen , Chang Chieh-Ming , I. Kaplun Dmitrii , N. Butusov Denis
Published: March 2017

As the IoT ecosystem becoming more and more mature, hardware and software vendors are trying create new value by connecting all kinds of devices together via IoT. IoT devices are usually equipped with sensors to collect data, and the data collected are transmitted over the air via different kinds of wireless connection. To extract the value of the data collected, the data owner may choose to seek for third-party help on data analysis, or even of the data to the public for more insight. In this scenario it is important to protect the released data from privacy leakage. Here we propose that differential privacy, as a de-identification technique, can be a useful approach to add privacy protection to the data released, as well as to prevent the collected from intercepted and decoded during over-the-air transmission. A way to increase the accuracy of the count queries performed on the edge cases in a synthetic database is also presented in this research.
Solid Waste management from Steel Melting Shop
Authors: Baba Srinivas Adhikarla , Kumar Sar Santosh , Singh Shweta , Yadav Santosh
Published: March 2017

- Production of steel in steel Industry is accomplice for the generation of solid waste materials like sludge, slag, dust etc. In recent days most part of wastes are generated from steelmaking process which is a focus point now-a-days. The solid waste generation, presently in Indian steel industry is in the range of 400 - 500 kg/t of crude steel and recycling rate varies between 40 - 70 % which lead to higher production costs, lower productivity and further environmental degradation. It is very essential not only for recycling of the waste valuable metals and mineral resources but also to protect the environment. I Solid waste management in steel industry is broadly classified in “4 R” i.e. reduce, reuse, recycle and restore the materials. The aim of the paper is to explore the various developments for total recycling of solid waste generated from steel industry, so that the vision for making “clean & green steel with zero waste” can be achieved for survival and growth of steel business in future. Keywords—Steel, Reuse, recycle, solid waste, sustainable development.
Educar los alfabetismos relacionales.
Authors: Burguet Arfells Marta
Published: March 2017

This article is based on the detection of new illiterates in the XXI century, following the will to develop the fourth pillar of education for this century presented in the Delors report, learning to live together. Whereas the construction of relational learning can be based on strengthening the link and is configured in the educational environment, it aims to strengthen existencial literacy, developing the learning of the being and a being open to alterity in its different forms.
El establecimiento de los Te Deum Ecuménicos en Chile.
Authors: Muñoz Condell David
Published: March 2017

Chile is one of the few countries in the world that celebrates a Te Deum to celebrate its national holiday. In our continent, similar celebrations are held in Argentina and Peru. The Te Deum is a thanksgiving hymn to God, whose origins date back to the IV century. The expression Te Deum means "To you, Oh God", which are the first words of this song of praise.
El análisis trascendental Marechaliano como antecedente del método trascendental de Karl Rahner.
Authors: Araya Gómez Gwendolyn
Published: March 2017

This article examines the connection between Joseph Maréchal's transcendental analysis and Karl Rahner's transcendental anthropological method, determining the similarities and differences of their theories regarding the Kantian transcendental approach. Furthermore, we hypothesize that Joseph Maréchal's influence on Karl Rahner is crucial to understand E. Kant's contribution. This understanding becomes a paradigm for the type of relationship that Rahner sees between philosophy and theology, which characterizes his theology and distinguishes him as the most important contemporary Catholicism theologist.
[R]ompe la tela deste dulce encuentro!.
Authors: Díaz Lazcano María de la Paz
Published: March 2017

This paper intends to unravel St. John's anthropology through the analysis of the term "Fabric" appearing in Song 1 in St. John of the Cross's work "living Flame of Love", It gradually involves us in the anthropological tension proper 01 the mystic when approaching the mystery of man in his relationship with God. This is the point in analyzing the term Fabric and its correspondence to tear the fabric. This reveals the mixture characteristic of a Carmelite who, in his symbolic proposal, discovers the ultimate meaning of what is breaking and binding in man's relationship with God.
La regla de verdad en la teología de San Ireneo (primera parte).
Authors: Astudillo Godoy Ibar Manuel
Published: March 2017

This paper aims at creating an approach to the Rule of Truth in Saint Irenaeous's Thelogy. The first part is intended to respond to the question: What is the Rule of Truth and íts characteristics? For example, its relation to the Sacred Writings.
LA GESTIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HUMANOS EN LAS FUERZAS DE VENTAS, UN ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO A TRAVÉS DEL MÉTODO DELPHI APLICADO A LAS EMPRESAS CHILENAS
Authors: Bullemore Campbell Jorge , Cristóbal Fransi Eduard
Published: March 2017

En el mundo académico la investigación endirección de ventas ha sido escasa, másescasa aun en ámbitos específicos como lagestión de los recursos humanos yparticularmente en Chile. El objetivo principalde este estudio es el de diagnosticar aquellasvariables de productividad comercialrelacionadas con la gestión de los recursoshumanos tales como el reclutamiento yselección de comerciales, los roles quedesempeñan los supervisores de ventas,sobre cómo las empresas desarrollan lascompetencias específicas para ventas, y lasdiferencias con que estos aspectos sonabordados entre las grandes empresasrespecto de las medianas y pequeñas firmas,para así proponer acciones estratégicas paragestores, consultores y académicos engeneral. Se desarrolló un estudio exploratoriocon expertos a través del método Delphi,donde se evaluaron diversas variablesrelacionadas con esta temática. Al final deeste estudio se presentan una serie deimplicaciones gerenciales centradas en eldesarrollo de habilidades de liderazgocomercial.