bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Script concordance testing to understand the hypothesis processes of undergraduate nursing students - Multiple case study
Authors: Deschênes Marie-France , Goudreau Johanne
Published: March 2021

Background: Albeit essential to clinical reasoning (CR), strategies for generating student nursing clinical hypotheses at the time of transition to professional practice are underdeveloped. While script concordance testing (SCT) has been shown to be a valid and reliable assessment tool for CR in nursing education, the thought processes including the hypothesis processes involved in choosing an answer is not examined.Methods: A multiple case study was used to understand the complex phenomenon of students’ hypothesis activation and confrontation with the combined use of SCT questions and the think-aloud method. Structured individual interviews were conducted.Results: A total of 18 students, nine first-year and nine third-year students participated in the study. The results show that the students demonstrate certain CR cognitive processes, including early representation of a clinical situation, semantic transformation of data, and hypothesis comparison.Conclusions: Results suggest promoting knowledge articulation aloud and the frequent use of micro-judgments to compare and differentiate hypotheses involving the uncertainty of clinical practice, which underpin learning in successive layers.
Comorbidity Burden Contributing to Racial Disparities in Outpatient Versus Inpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wu Mark , Belay Elshaday , Cochrane Niall , O'Donnell Jeffrey , Seyler Thorsten
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Outpatient total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasingly common in the setting of early-recovery protocols, value-based care, and removal from the inpatient-only list by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Given the established racial disparities that exist in different aspects of total joint arthroplasty, we aimed to investigate whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in outpatient compared with inpatient TKA.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. We queried TKAs done in 2018. Demographics, inpatient (≥2 midnights) versus outpatient (≤1 midnight) status, comorbidities, and perioperative events/complications were recorded. We analyzed differences between racial/ethnic groups and predictors of inpatient versus outpatient surgery, and outcomes.

Results:

A total of 54,582 patients were included (83.2% Caucasian, 9.2% African American [AA], 4.5% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 0.6% Native American). AA had the highest mean body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and comorbidity burden. AA had the lowest rate of outpatient TKA (18.3%) and Asians the highest rate of outpatient TKA (31.4%, P < 0.0001). AA had the highest postoperative transfusion rate (1.8%, P < 0.0001) and highest rate of discharge to acute rehab (8.4%). Asians had the highest rate of postoperative cardiac arrest and urinary tract infection. AA had the highest rate of acute kidney injury within 30 days. Regression analyses revealed that AAs were more likely to undergo inpatient surgery (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; confidence interval [CI], 1.57-4.23; P = 0.001) and discharge to rehab/skilled nursing facility [SNF] (OR, 2.86; CI, 1.66-4.92; P = 0.001). Asian patients were more likely to undergo outpatient surgery (OR, 2.48, CI, 1.47-4.18, P = 0.001) and discharged to rehab/SNF (OR, 2.41, CI, 1.36-4.25, P = 0.001). Caucasians were more likely to undergo outpatient surgery (OR, 1.62, CI, 1.34-1.97, P = 0.001) and less likely discharged to rehab/SNF (OR, 0.73, CI, 0.60-0.88, P = 0.001). When controlling for comorbidities, race was not an independent risk factor for 30-day complications or inpatient versus outpatient surgery.

Discussion:

Differences in indications for outpatient TKA between races/ethnicities seem to be highly associated with comorbidity burden and preoperative baseline differences, not race alone. Appropriate patient optimization for either outpatient or inpatient TKA may reduce disparities between groups in either care setting.
Impact of Conventional and Open Access Publications in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Zhang Dafang , Blazar Philip , Kilgallen Elliott E. , Earp Brandon E.
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The academic impact of open access publications compared with conventional publications in orthopaedic surgery is not well described. The primary objective of this study was to compare the number of academic citations and social media posts between recent conventional and open access publications in orthopaedic surgery. Secondary objectives of this study were (1) to determine the correlation between academic citations and social media posts and (2) to study the trend of academic citations and social media posts over time.

Methods:

An internet-based study was performed on 3,720 articles from five high-impact orthopaedic journals and their associated open access journals from March 2017 to February 2019, including 2,929 conventional and 791 open access journal publications. Academic citations were quantified using Google Scholar and Web of Science, and social media mentions using Twitter. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of nonparametric data, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated for correlations.

Results:

The average number of academic citations per article was 10.1 on Google Scholar and 6.0 on Web of Science. The average number of Twitter posts per article was 1.6. Conventional publications had markedly more citations than open access publications on Google Scholar and Web of Science. Open access publications had markedly more Twitter posts, but the effect size was small and unimportant. Academic citations were weakly correlated with social media posts. On average, orthopaedic publications accrue 7.4 citations per year on Google Scholar and 4.6 citations per year on Web of Science.

Discussion:

Our findings support a citation advantage to conventional publication. Publications in open access journals are cited less frequently and less rapidly compared with those in conventional journals. The use of social media for orthopaedic research is effectively equivalent between conventional and open access journals and continues to grow.

Level of Evidence:

N/A
Merits of Surgical Comanagement of Patients With Hip Fracture by Dedicated Orthopaedic Hospitalists
Authors: Rohatgi Nidhi , Weng Yingjie , Kittle Jessie , Ahuja Neera
Published: March 2021

Background:

Rotating medical consultants, hospitalists or geriatricians, are involved in the care of patients with hip fracture, often after medical complications have already occurred. In August 2012, we implemented a unique surgical comanagement (SCM) model in which the same Internal Medicine hospitalists are dedicated year-round to the orthopaedic surgery service. We examine whether this SCM model was associated with a decrease in medical complications, length of stay, and inpatient mortality in patients with hip fracture admitted at our institution, compared with the previous model.

Methods:

We included 2,252 admissions to the orthopaedic surgery service with a hip fracture between 2009 and 2018 (757 pre-SCM and 1495 post-SCM). We adjusted for age, Charlson comorbidity score, and operating time in all regression analyses.

Results:

Mean Charlson comorbidity score (1.6 versus 1.2) and median case mix index (2.1 versus 1.9) were higher in the post-SCM group. A 32% decrease was observed in the odds of having ≥1 medical complication(s) (odds ratio, 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.91], P = 0.009) post-SCM. No change was observed in length of stay or inpatient mortality despite an increase in medical complexity post-SCM.

Conclusion:

Having dedicated orthopaedic hospitalists may contribute to fewer medical complications in patients with hip fracture.
A Prospected Scenario for Developing the Teaching of Islamic Education Courses in Colleges of Education in the Light of the Requirements of Distance Education
Authors: Al-Johani Awad Zuraiban
Published: March 2021

The current study aimed to uncover the views of faculty members on teaching Islamic education courses in colleges of education in light of the requirements of distance education, and to build a proposed conception for the development of teaching these courses. The study sample consisted of (92) members of the faculty of the Faculties of Education in Saudi universities who were chosen by the random cluster method, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher constructed a questionnaire consisting of (66) paragraphs within (4) axes and the validity and stability of the questionnaire was verified. Then the research data were collected and analyzed, and the results showed: that the opinions of faculty members about teaching Islamic education courses in light of the requirements of distance education came first within the focus of the course objectives, then the axis of evaluation and its tools came in the second rank, then the axis of educational activities and teaching methods and finally Course content focus. The results also showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the opinions of faculty members "attributed to the variable of gender and experience in university teaching." And in light of these results, the researcher presented a proposed scenario for the development of teaching Islamic education courses in the light of distance education.
Social Work as a Supplementary Treatment Option for Narcissistic Personality Disorders
Authors: Löbert Conny , Giebe Carsten
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses selected scientific aspects of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The main purpose of this research paper is to examine the extent to which patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder can be supported and treated within the framework of social work-based community psychiatry. To this end, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders will be used to address the problem of invisible distress and the difficulties of differential diagnosis. Furthermore, psychodynamic and behavioural treatment calculations are outlined. Based on this, differentiated and systematised considerations on concrete possibilities for social work-community psychiatric activities are made. In doing so, a model was developed which can guarantee a solid and goal-oriented orientation on the basis of the lifeworld of patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Finally, possible problems in the effectiveness of social work in the context of Narcissistic Personality Disorder are discussed. The article is presented in the following order: Introduction and problem statement, Theoretical classification and research question, Methodological approach and model, Discussion and conclusions, and Limitations and directions for further research. The findings of this article may be useful for psychologists and social workers to identify and harness the potential of social work as a supplementary treatment option for Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
Lesson Study: A Proposed Intervention for Professional Development of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Instruction in a Multicultural Classroom
Authors: Hixon Michael L
Published: March 2021

This paper responds to the proposed implementation of lesson study as a professional development intervention for multicultural instruction in the United States. It includes an investigation of the literature in relation to the use of higher-order thinking skills, Banks’s four approaches for integrating multicultural instruction, and lesson study as a proposed professional development intervention in multicultural instruction. The conclusion provides a discussion of insights into K–12 educators’ needs for professional development opportunities to ensure that they provide diverse, equitable, and inclusive learning environments for all of their students. Creating diverse, equitable, and inclusive learning opportunities for students would be meaningful social change.
Drinking Behavior Among College Students: Interventions to Increase Mindfulness and Social Capital
Authors: Anderson Jenna C , Gardner Antonio J. , Hunt Barry
Published: March 2021

The impacts of drinking behaviors are far-reaching, with college student drinking contributing to over 1,500 deaths and an estimated 696,000 assaults on college campuses each year (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 2019). There are a variety of explanations to explain why college students engage in risky drinking behaviors. However, there is evidence to suggest that drinking and other substance use may be a result of complex psychological origins, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This paper reviews the literature available on ACEs among college students, how these experiences impact alcohol use among this population, and potential areas for intervention, including those with a focus on mindfulness and social capital.
Reducing Hygiene-Related Disease and Malnutrition in Rwanda
Authors: Ntakarutimana Amans , Kagwiza Jeanne , Bushaija Emmy , Tumusiime David , Schuller Kristin
Published: March 2021

Water sanitation and hygiene-related disease and malnutrition are a high priority in developing countries, including Rwanda. Interventions that can trigger and sustain household-level behavioral change and practice are needed. A case-control study was conducted to assess the potential of the Community Health Club (CHC) intervention, which consisted of village-based health education on water sanitation, hygiene, nutrition, and monitoring of households’ practices to reduce water sanitation and hygiene-related disease and malnutrition. The study targeted one village which had been exposed to the CHC. As a control, one village was picked from among villages that had not been exposed to CHC intervention. The two villages were in the catchment area of the Nyabitimbo Health Center and shared the same water sources for domestic use in the Rusizi district in Rwanda. The study examined the prevalence of intestinal worms, diarrhea, and malnutrition among children under 5 years old as recorded in the registries of Nyabitimbo Health Center for the period of the study, 2013–2015. The study results revealed that the CHC intervention was associated with a reduction of intestinal worms, diarrhea, and malnutrition, but the results were only statistically significant for intestinal worms and malnutrition. The present study, being exploratory, can serve for planning and practice purposes at the specific study area.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE PRACTICE OF POLISH ENTERPRISES
Authors: Dudzik-Lewicka Irena
Published: March 2021

Ethics in business is a commonly acknowledged business concept playing a key role in the organization of many world enterprises. Nevertheless, in this particular aspect, Polish companies, especially small and medium ones, seem to lag behind in comparison with world leaders. Undoubtedly, the importance of ethics in business will be gradually growing, which means that business ethical programs are bound to become an integral part, rather than an option. Therefore, this article is aimed at verifying the contemporary practical approach to the issue of ethics in Polish enterprises, by confronting the existing theoretical sources of knowledge with the results of empirical studies.
MANAGING COMPETITIVENESS IN HEALTHCARE ENTITIES
Authors: Krzemińska Ewa
Published: March 2021

The article provides for a comprehensive review of employees with an impact on building the competitiveness of health protection conditions. The whole article is a presentation of the upper part of employees and a display of a model containing the most important elements of the warehouse, representing the relations between them. To this end, the linking of strategic management to the competitiveness of the unit has also been demonstrated. In connection with the competition considerations in the first step, the analysis of the concept of “competitiveness” was carried out, and the identification of key employees with a view to building a competitive position was set up in the future. The article is therefore of a transparent nature, and its content was based on an analysis of the literature concerning
the descriptive point of view which made it possible to systematise the relevant knowledge on the management of competition.
THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES OF POLISH COMPANIES
Authors: Czapla Alina
Published: March 2021

Globalization and regionalization are inherent aspects of the contemporary economy. They bring many benefits, but also many threats, especially for less developed national economies. These phenomena had a significant impact on the strategies of Polish enterprises, starting with the systemic transformation in the early 1990s, which ended the period of the non-market economy. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of globalization and regionalization on international strategies of Polish companies. The thesis was confirmed that Polish companies are getting better at coping with the challenges of globalization and regionalization.
GENERAL ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANGEMENT IN THE AREA OF COMPANY’S LOGISTICS
Authors: Komańda Marcin , Klosa Edyta
Published: March 2021

Participation in the supply chain by an enterprise increases the demand not only for information and competences of employees in relation to logistics activities but also in a broader management context. The aim of the study is therefore to determine, in the opinion of the respondents, the degree of care taken by their companies for the general organizational aspects of knowledge management in the sphere of logistics. For this purpose, two research questions were formulated. The first question is about how these opinions are presented in the perspective of individual aspects of knowledge management, and the second is about the possible relationship between them and the control variables, which are the size of the enterprise and the annual value of turnover. Appropriate hypotheses were formulated to answer the second question by the use of statistical analysis tool. The above-mentioned general-organizational aspects of knowledge management are formulated in the context of the processes of internalization and combinations originating from the Japanese knowledge management model. This allows the use of a well-established conceptual framework for knowledge management in the new cognitive perspective. The survey was conducted in the PSAQ formula. Respondents were purposely acquired by the use of convenient sampling. They were the so-called logistics professionals (n = 197), each time coming from a different company. At the same time, these companies remained part of the supply chains. The obtained result show, first of all, that the size of the enterprise and the annual turnover value significantly differentiate the opinions of respondents related to the variables expressing aspects of knowledge combination process.
Painkillers available without a prescription – convenience
and safety or risk and abuse?
Authors: Jabłońska Jagoda , Krzyżanowski Kamil , Ślęzak Daniel , Buca Paulina , Żuratyński Przemysław , Piotrowski Grzegorz , Krefta Robert
Published: March 2021

Over the last few years, a significant increase in the production, sales, and consumption of painkillers
available without prescription has been observed in Poland. The amounts spent annually by pharmaceutical
companies on the promotion and advertising of this type of preparations place Poland among the top European
countries. The aim of this work is to indicate the level of awareness and knowledge of the society about the safety
of using painkillers available without prescription. The material analyzed was obtained based on the interpretation of
the answers from the questionnaire created by means of an application that allows to indicate questions and archive
the answers of the respondents using the Internet.
Risk Mitigation in Energy Efficiency Retrofit Projects Using Automated Performance Control
Authors: Taminiau Job , Byrne John , Sanchez Carretero Daniel , Shin Soojin , Xu Jing
Published: March 2021

Performance gap concerns limit investment in the building energy efficiency retrofit market. In particular, the ability of projects to deliver on promised energy savings is commonly drawn into question. Performance risk mitigation mainly occurs through energy saving performance guarantees. Contractual stipulations arrange the conditions of the guarantee, and ceteris paribus, a higher energy saving guarantee should reduce project performance risk. Therefore, methods that yield a higher energy saving guarantee could help accelerate the market. We review the ability of “smart,” automated, and connected technologies to: (a) intelligently monitor and control the performance of energy-consuming devices to reduce performance variations, (b) provide additional degrees of control over the project’s performance, and, by doing so, (c) motivate the energy services company (ESCO) to raise the energy saving guarantee. Our analysis finds that use of such automated performance control could significantly raise the energy saving guarantee, making projects more likely to succeed.
Remotely Sensed Data for Assessment of Land Degradation Aspects, Emphases on Egyptian Case Studies
Authors: Gad Abd-alla
Published: March 2021

Remote sensing and thematic data were used to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions related to land degradation and desertification, considered environmental extremes in arid and semi-arid regions. The current work applies techniques, starting with simple visual analyses up to a parametric methodology, adopted from the FAO/UNEP and UNESCO provisional methodology for assessment and mapping of soil degradation. Egyptian case studies are highlighted to insinuate on studied aspects. Variable satellite imageries (MSS, TM, and ETM) and aerial photographs were utilized to provide data on soil conditions, land cover, and land use. IDRISI and ArcGIS software were used to manage thematic data, while ERDAS IMAGIN was used to process satellite data and to derive the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. A GIS model was established to modify the universal soil loss equation (USLE) calculating the present state and risk of soil degradation. The study area is found exposed to slight hazard of water erosion, however, and to high risk of wind erosion. It is also threatened by a slight to high salinization and slight to moderate physical degradation. It is recommended to use a GIS in detailed and very detailed studies for evaluating soil potentiality in agricultural expansion areas.
Scaling Up Sustainable Biofuels for a Low-Carbon Future
Authors: Shafique Tahira , Shafique Javeria
Published: March 2021

Fossil fuels oil, coal, and gas are valuable resources that are depleting day by day around the world and also imparting a negative impact on the environment. Biofuel because of its dynamic properties; its market values; and being sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, economic, non-pollutant, and abundant is an alternate source of energy. Each country can produce it independently, and because of these valuable properties biofuels have become superior over fossil fuels. This chapter gives a concise preface to biofuels and its impact on the environment. It includes definitions; classifications; impact on environment; implications; types of production techniques like chemical, biochemical, physical, and thermochemical techniques; types of resources like lignocellulosic-biomass, feedstock energy crops, algae, micro-algae, all kinds of solid wastes; and biofuels of prime importance like solid biofuels (biochar, solid biomass), gaseous biofuels (biogas, bio-syngas, and bio-hydrogen), and the most important liquid biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, and bio-oil). Due to increasing global warming and climate-changing conditions, in the near future biofuel being an environment-friendly resource of energy will be a substantial part of the world’s energy demand, with no or zero polluting agents.
The Association Between ABO-Rh Blood Groups and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Sedighinejad Abbas , Khoshrang Hossein , Haghighi Mohammad , Ashraf Ali , Saeedinia Mostafa , Biazar Gelareh , Atrkarroushan Zahra , Ajdadi Mahdi
Published: March 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an alarming attack broke out in China and spread rapidly worldwide. Objectives: Based on a theory indicating the correlation between some viral diseases and blood types, we investigated the relationship between blood groups and coronavirus infection risk in Guilan Province, Iran. Methods: Retrospectively, all the files of the admitted patients with suspected COVID-19, in peak conditions of the disease between March 1 and May 30, 2020, were reviewed using the Census method. The required data, including epidemiological and clinical information and outcomes, were obtained from electronic records. Results: A total of 249 cases were analyzed, of whom 109 were collected from governmental centers, and the rest were collected from private hospitals. The most common co-morbidity was diabetes with 71 (37.6%) cases and the main symptom at the admission time was dyspnea with 170 (24.5%) cases. Of the total patients, 155 (62.2%) were discharged, and the rest died. The most common blood group among our patients was O Rh-positive with 91 (36.5%) cases. No meaningful correlation was found between outcomes and blood groups in terms of ABO types (P = 0.89) or Rh factor (P = 0.456). The Rh-positive proportion was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cases than in the general population (P = 0.038). Conclusions: We found that the Rh-positive proportion was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cases than in the healthy individuals. However, no correlation was observed between the groups regarding ABO typing.
Challenges of Irradiation on Extrathoracic and Non-thoracic Organs in Portable Neonatal Chest Radiography: Do We Need Mandatory Protective Rules?
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Alireza , Keshtkar Mohammad , Sadeghi Moghadam Majid
Published: March 2021

Background: Chest X-ray (CXR) is known as the most common radiography used for adult and pediatric patients worldwide. Improper X-ray field collimation can result in excessive radiation dose on non-thoracic organs in chest radiographs. Objectives: This study was to investigate X-ray field collimation quality in neonatal chest radiography. Methods: A total of 213 chest radiographs of neonates from three hospitals were analyzed for collimation quality assessment in a retrospective study. Accordingly, ideal imaging field (IIF) and current imaging field (CIF) were initially defined. The margins of the IIF included acromioclavicular (AC) level to lower costal margin (i.e. top to bottom) and one centimeter beyond the broadest area of the chest on each side (that is, right to left). The CIF size was also defined as the square borders of collimators. Results: The findings revealed that the area of the CIF was 1.65 ± 0.39 times to the ideal imaging firlddd (IIF) for three hospitals, suggesting that collimation quality in neonatal chest radiographs was not accurate and it had defects. According to the results, acceptable collimation percentage (36.6%) in Hospital A was more than that in two other centers, and the given center also provided the lowest radiation due to the exposure of non-thoracic structures to primary beams. Conclusions: It was concluded that training radiographers and using patient immobilization devices and stabilizers were important points that could reduce radiation exposure to non-thoracic organs in pediatric CXR.
The Mediating Role of Sexual Self-esteem in the Relationship Between Marital Quality and Psychological Adaptation to Illness in Women with Chronic Pain Illness
Authors: Sadri Damirchi Esmaeil , Ayadi Nader , Dargahi Shahriar , Ahmadboukani Soleiman , Pireinaladin Saeed
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic pain is recognized as an important public health concern that leads to significant economic and social problems. Thus, identifying variables affecting the psychological adaptation of patients with chronic pain is necessary to prepare an effective intervention and treatment program. Objectives: This study investigated the mediating role of sexual self-esteem in the relationship between marital quality and psychological adaptation to disease in women with chronic pain. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study of correlation type was conducted on 200 women with chronic pain admitted to orthopedic centers in Ardabil City, Iran. The participants were selected using the available sampling method. The Psychological Adaptation questionnaire, the Sexual Self-Esteem scale, and the Marital Relationship Quality questionnaire were used to collect data. The standard mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed significant positive relationships between marital quality (r = 0.49) (P < 0.01) and sexual self-esteem (r = 0.60) (P < 0.01) with psychological adaptation. Moreover, significant positive relationships were found between marital quality and sexual self-esteem (r = 0.48) (P < 0.01). Sexual self-esteem also mediated the relationship between marital quality and psychological adaptation (β = 0.23) (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The study revealed that sexual self-esteem served a fully mediating role between marital quality and psychological adaptation in women with chronic pain. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to pay attention to sexual self-esteem’s role in therapeutic interventions related to these women.
Acute Pancreatitis with Normal Amylase: A Case Report
Authors: Manouchehri Jinous , Rashidi Yadollah
Published: March 2021

: Rapid diagnosis in patients with acute pancreatitis is essential to optimal therapeutic outcomes. Upon clinical suspicion, various methods could be used to confirm the diagnosis based on the symptoms and examinations. Laboratory tests are an important diagnostic method in this regard based on the increased serum amylase/lipase. In this study, we described the case of a 31-year-old male patient presenting with the clinical signs of pancreatitis with normal amylase and elevated triglyceride in the follow-up. In case of strong clinical suspicion, other tests and diagnostic methods are recommended to confirm acute pancreatitis.
The Incidence and Significance of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposits in Histologic Examinations of Total Hip, Knee, and Shoulder Joint Arthroplasties
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Goldblum Andrew , Reith John D. , Kilpatrick Scott E.
Published: March 2021

Context.—

The incidence, distribution, and significance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease have not been extensively compared among various total joint resections.

Objective.—

To investigate and define the clinical and pathologic features of CPPD in hip, shoulder, and knee arthroplasties.

Design.—

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty cases (N = 3195) confirmed pathologically between January 1, 2017, and October 10, 2018, comparing clinical and pathologic data.

Results.—

Among 2004 hip arthroplasties, 61 (3%) had CPPD on pathologic examination; the majority had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis, followed by fracture and avascular necrosis. Of 1113 knee arthroplasties, 98 (9%) had CPPD; all had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Among 78 shoulder arthroplasties, 10 (13%) had CPPD; all but one had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Patients with hip and knee CPPD were significantly older than those without CPPD. Of the 169 pathologically detected CPPD cases, only 35 (21%) were documented on preoperative radiologic images or by other clinical means; radiology reports were significantly more likely to document chondrocalcinosis in the knees than in the hips. Histologically, CPPD was noted almost exclusively in the separately submitted soft tissues/joint capsule, concomitantly involving the articular cartilage surface in only 3.0% (5 of 169) of cases.

Conclusions.—

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition is more than twice as likely to occur in the knees and shoulders compared with the hips. Patients with CPPD in the knees or hips are usually not recognized preoperatively/radiologically and constitute a significantly older population. Reliably establishing the diagnosis of CPPD requires pathologic examination of the submitted soft tissue/joint capsule.
Presentation
Authors: Moreira Teixeira António , Zapata-Ros Miguel
Published: March 2021

Presentación del número especial de RED “Transición de la educación convencional a la educación y al aprendizaje en línea, como consecuencia del COVID19”

Presentation of the special issue Transition from conventional education to online education and learning, as a consequence of COVID19.
Programs to estimate UV dosage and damage
Authors: Dickens Brian
Published: March 2021

The system of programs described in this paper is concerned with estimating the damage ensuing from exposure of specimens in dry and humid atmospheres to UV and visible radiation covering the solar range. Damage is monitored quantitatively by changes in IR spectra. The dose is estimated from UV spectra of the lamps and the interference filters (used to isolate a particular wavelength range). The dosage is estimated from the dose and the UV absorption of the specimens themselves. These programs allow rapid estimation of dosage and damage from regions of data, and manipulation and processing of the massive amounts of data required to carry out such comprehensive tests in a complete yet user-friendly manner.
Les sources américaines de la formation psychiatrique à l’Université de Montréal : à propos d’une enquête inédite de Camille Laurin sur l’enseignement de la psychiatrie aux États-Unis (1962-1964)
Authors: Klein Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Si la psychiatrie québécoise francophone s’est longtemps inspirée des théories et des pratiques développées en France, c’est pourtant du côté des États-Unis que Camille Laurin, alors directeur du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal, alla chercher au début des années 1960 des éléments pour réformer son programme de formation. C’est en tout cas ce que nous révèle un document d’archives récemment découvert dans le Fonds du Secrétariat général de l’Université de Montréal. Ce dossier inédit, contenant les résultats d’une enquête menée en 1962-1963 par le psychiatre québécois auprès de ses homologues états-uniens, témoigne de l’importance du modèle américain pour l’affirmation de la psychiatrie de langue française à Montréal et, notamment, pour la mise en place de la première formation psychiatrique complète en français de la province. Il nous rappelle ainsi qu’en pleine Révolution tranquille, les psychiatres francophones du Québec vivaient encore, et de manière nouvelle, leur moment américain.
Marcel Trudel à Harvard : trajectoire d’un « retour d’Amérique »
Authors: Dorais François-Olivier
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose d’aborder la problématique du « moment américain » sous l’angle privilégié du parcours intellectuel de Marcel Trudel, historien majeur du renouveau historiographique québécois d’après-guerre. À partir d’une recherche menée dans son fonds d’archives privé, l’article met en perspective le séjour d’études qu'il a fait à l’Université Harvard de l’automne 1945 au printemps 1947. Ce voyage présente un intérêt historiographique à double titre. Dans un premier temps, il permet de mieux comprendre l’itinéraire intellectuel et savant de Trudel, qui officialisera par ce séjour américain son passage de la littérature à l’histoire. Dans un second temps, il offre une prise sur l’expérience états-unienne des universitaires québécois de l’immédiat après-guerre afin d’en mieux saisir les ressorts, le vécu et les effets. Notre analyse montre notamment en quoi ce séjour a provoqué chez l’historien lavallois un certain dépaysement et un choc culturel, qui canalisent l’expression d’un rapport changeant entre le Québec et les États-Unis au milieu du xxe siècle.
Un Moyen Âge sans noms ? Statuts d’auteur et anonymat dans les textes vernaculaires des xiie et xiiie siècles
Authors: Collet Olivier
Published: March 2021

Dans ce qui nous est parvenu de notre plus ancienne littérature, la proportion de textes dont l’auteur reste inconnu est telle qu’elle tend à ériger ce constat en une véritable norme. Il convient toutefois de s’interroger sur la pertinence de la notion d’anonymat pour cette période de notre histoire culturelle. Cet article propose de faire le tour de la question au moyen d’une variété d’exemples, avec une attention spéciale aux traductions d’oeuvres pieuses. Pour cela, il tient compte de la diversité des situations, des statuts et des postures que ces variantes révèlent face aux auteurs et aux autres intervenants de la scène littéraire.
LES ÉPREUVES QUI DONNENT SENS AU RÔLE D’ACCOMPAGNEMENT DES ENSEIGNANTS ASSOCIÉS
Authors: Gagné Andréanne
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution porte sur l’expérience professionnelle des enseignants associés qui interviennent auprès des stagiaires en formation à l’enseignement professionnel. En s’appuyant sur les notions d’épreuve et d’expérience, cet article porte un regard original sur le parcours professionnel des enseignants associés étudié à travers d’une recherche doctorale. Principalement dégagés à partir d’entretiens biographiques et d’une démarche d’analyse structurale, les résultats rapportent trois principaux évènements constituant des épreuves partagées par les enseignants associés. Ils décrivent l’influence de ces évènements dans l’appropriation de ce rôle professionnel. Les conclusions appuient, entre autres, l’importance du soutien reçu pendant l’insertion dans la profession, ainsi que la formation universitaire associée, non pas par rapport au rôle d’enseignant, mais pour celui d’enseignant associé.
UNE ANALYSE SOCIOLOGIQUE DE L’ACCOMPAGNEMENT À PARTIR DES CONCEPTS DE PIERRE BOURDIEU
Authors: Deschenaux Frédéric
Published: March 2021

Cet article présente une analyse sociologique du processus d’accompagnement mentoral à l’université. La première partie aborde la complexité de la tâche professorale et la difficulté à recruter des mentors. Après avoir esquissé une définition des concepts utilisés, la réflexion s’articule autour de la définition de Gagnon (2017) et propose quatre étapes au processus : 1) la socialisation à un nouveau champ, 2) l’ajustement de l’habitus, 3) l’atteinte d’une maitrise pratique de la pratique et 4) la transformation de l’agent vers le sujet. L’analyse suggère que l’adoption en collégialité des critères à rencontrer pour devenir un mentor et une reconnaissance institutionnelle du travail des mentors constituent des adjuvants à un processus réussi.
TROIS REPRÉSENTATIONS RACIALISÉES À PROPOS DES ENSEIGNANTS ISSUS DE L’IMMIGRATION EN INSERTION PROFESSIONNELLE
Authors: Duchesne Claire
Published: March 2021

De plus en plus d’enseignants issus de l’immigration ont trouvé leur place dans les écoles élémentaires et secondaires canadiennes, notamment en Ontario français. Certains d’entre eux rencontrent des difficultés à s’insérer dans la profession, alors que ceux à qui on a offert un contrat d’enseignement à long terme déploient des efforts considérables afin de voir cette opportunité se transformer en position permanente. En nous appuyant sur les résultats de deux recherches qualitatives conduites auprès d’étudiants issus de l’immigration dans un programme de formation à l’enseignement et d’enseignants issus de l’immigration en insertion professionnelle, cet article fera état des représentations racialisées de victime, d’étranger et d’incompétent dont ils sont l’objet. Des pistes d’explication et de solution à ce phénomène seront également discutées.
L’ACCOMPAGNEMENT SOUS TENSIONS : LA MÉDIATION DES POLITIQUES CURRICULAIRES PAR LES CONSEILLERS PÉDAGOGIQUES
Authors: Mathou Cécile
Published: March 2021

Cet article porte sur le rôle des conseillers pédagogiques dans la mise en œuvre des politiques curriculaires (enseignement secondaire) au Québec. À partir d’une enquête réalisée dans deux commissions scolaires (11 entrevues semi-dirigées), nous montrons que ces acteurs, négligés par la recherche, ne sont pas les relais neutres des textes officiels mais qu’ils opèrent un travail de médiation tributaire de leurs croyances et valeurs mais également d’ajustements stratégiques et pragmatiques. Cette médiation vise notamment à amortir les effets de « teaching to the test » induits par les évaluations ministérielles. Cependant leur marge de manœuvre reste limitée et les tensions inhérentes à leur travail d’accompagnement sont exacerbées par les évolutions curriculaires de la dernière décennie.
THE USE OF GROUP TESTS TO PROMOTE COLLABORATION AND LEARNING: DO THEY WORK?
Authors: Gilbride Kimberley Ann
Published: March 2021

The research was carried out to determine whether the use of group tests for undergraduate science students to augment lecture material in a second-year core course in microbiology would improve the retention of material on a subsequent regular mid-term/final exam. On three separate occasions, the students were asked to complete short multiple-choice tests individually and then were asked to get together in groups of 4 to re-answer the same questions. The discussions they had in the groups improved their individual marks by 10.9% in the first test, 14.5% in the second test and 20.9% in the third test. Overall, the class average was 2.5% better than the previous year. The majority of the students indicated that the group tests improved their understanding and helped them to learn the lecture material.
Verdades, mentiras y 'product placement'
Authors: Vilajoana Alejandre Sandra
Published: March 2021

La polémica ha rodeado, desde sus inicios, al emplazamiento de producto en obras audiovisuales, sobre todo cuando su difusión se realiza a través de la televisión. ¿Qué límites establece la legislación actual para este tipo de publicidad? ¿Contempla la ley las nuevas formas de product placement como, por ejemplo, el virtual?
'Smart researchers' o datocracia?
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Existen dos riesgos en el mundo académico que a veces vale la pena correr. El primero es la elección de títulos osados. El segundo es aventurar tendencias. Cuando esto último se hace en una conversación informal, en medio de un congreso o bien en una comida entre profesores, puede resultar hablar para hablar. Cuando se hace en un artículo de opinión y divulgación cómo es este, todo toma un color más arriesgado, pues queda escrito para que todo el mundo pueda comprobar, si es el caso, que una tendencia que se anunció no fue realidad. Manos a la obra, pues; para eso estamos, también.
iSchools: información e interdisciplinariedad
Authors: Cobarsí-Morales josep
Published: March 2021

Las iSchools (Information Schools) constituyen una potente red internacional de facultades con una actividad académica relevante sobre información y temas relacionados. Los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación de la UOC han sido admitidos recientemente en ella. En este sentido, ahora es un buen momento para apuntar los rasgos distintivos y tendencias de las iSchools.
¿Quimera o realidad? La inteligencia competitiva en la gestión de las universidades
Authors: Ortoll Eva
Published: March 2021

En un artículo anterior hablamos del concepto de inteligencia competitiva (IC), idea que no es nueva pero que todavía está poco explotada en las organizaciones de nuestro entorno. Lo que es más nuevo en nuestro país es que esta herramienta se utilice en distintos sectores y organizaciones, ya sean de carácter público o privado y que, además, las organizaciones colaboren entre ellas para capturar, analizar y dar valor a la información, todo ello para impulsar la competitividad y la innovación en un sentido amplio.
El documental se transforma
Authors: Domínguez Eva
Published: March 2021

El documental ha encontrado en Internet una vía para llegar a una audiencia que, tal vez, no conocería nunca.

Sorprende la cantidad de producción documental audiovisual que existe en todo el mundo y el poco espacio que éste ocupa en las parrillas televisivas (pese a haber crecido en los últimos tiempos). Los festivales como escaparate principal son interesantes pero exigen estar allí. Por eso, la extensión online de cualquier actividad relacionada con el documental se presenta como la mejor manera de captar la atención, difundir y vincular a la mucha gente interesada por el mundo.
El ciberacoso
Authors: Viladot i Presas Maria Àngels
Published: March 2021

No parece nada exagerado afirmar que en el siglo XXI todo gira en torno a Internet. Tanto es así que los niños y niñas, los adolescentes y jóvenes de este siglo actual se llaman la generación digital por la cantidad de tiempo que invierten en el uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación electrónica, como la mensajería, las redes sociales y los correos electrónicos. Las ventajas de Internet son múltiples, y aquellos que, en general, mejor las conocen y más se benefician de ellas son los adolescentes y los jóvenes, pero esta herramienta también implica toda una serie de riesgos y peligros que se deben conocer para poder actuar en consecuencia.
Problems associated with usage of “gray” electoral techniques and prevention of abuse of subjective electoral rights: thoughts in the lead-up to the State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation deputies
Authors: Kuryachaya Marina Mikhailovna , Gromyko Sergey Valer'evich
Published: March 2021

The object of this research is the legal relations in the area of exercising rights by parties and individuals, while the subject consists in the legal norms establishing the legal position of citizens and parties in the sphere of electoral law, as well as norms regulating the order of organization and electoral process in the Russian Federation. The goal of this article is to use a comprehensive interdisciplinary political-legal approach to determine problems in legal regulation of organization and process of elections in the Russian Federation, determine defective positions and gaps in the legislation, as well as make proposals on improving participation of parties in elections. The authors believe that in modern Russia the time for political transformation has already been lost, and we will see a drastic change of economic and then political elites. The only way to prevent forceful usurpation of power among other manifestations of extremism is to create environment and mechanisms for indiscriminant access to elections for a broad scope of sociopolitical powers through corresponding changes in electoral legislation. The proposed measures on improving legislation on deputy elections to the representative branches of government and local self-governance are aimed at prevention of abuse of subjective electoral rights (electoral mechanisms). Among them are countermeasures for usage of “gray” electoral techniques and creation of new legal regulation of participation in elections of collective political subjects (political actors) as parties, as well as increasing the role of non-parliamentary political parties in electoral process and revision of particular provisions of the right of party preferences.