bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Drug-Related Criminal Acts as Extraordinary Crimes in Indonesia
Authors: Husni  , Muhammad Nur
Published: October 2024

Indonesia is a nation that has unfortunately become a target for drug trafficking, resulting in a growing number of drug-related crimes each year. To address drug crime in Indonesia, the government has issued Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics and Law No. 5 of 1997 on Psychotropic. The Indonesian government's efforts to eradicate drugs crime have not been successful. This study employs a qualitative research design with a normative approach. Our study revealed that law enforcement has been considereed optimal due to the government's establishment of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) as a specialized, independent institution with broader authority than other law enforcement agencies. The 2009 Narcotics Law, specifically Law No. 35, establishes strict penalties for drug abuse, which can include imprisonment, additional punishment, or even the death penalty
Contribution of Online Referral Systems to Health Services: Systematic Review
Authors: Sohadi  , Ruwiah  , Wa Ode Salma
Published: October 2024

The online referral system (eReferral) is designed to improve waiting times and efficiency by standardizing information and online communication in the referral process. Online referral is the automation of the referral process in which appointments and other information regarding the outcome of a consultation are transferred between two or more healthcare providers. This study was designed to identify the implementation of online referrals at various levels of health care. This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Of the 10 articles included in this review, 6 studies were conducted in the USA, 2 studies in Canada, and one each in the UK, and Saudi Arabia. The studies used a variety of designs, including Quasi-experimental (n=5), longitudinal (n=2), qualitative (n=1), and Research and Development (n=2). This study provides a clear picture of the use of an online referral system, starting from the work process, effectiveness, barriers, and development possibilities for a wider reach. This system is very helpful in easing the workload of specialist doctors and for patients who are referred users get the benefit of shorter waiting times/queues, making it possible to reduce medical costs further.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Hipertensi di Lingkungan Grand Depok City
Authors: Farmasita Rizky , Diana Uva
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang hipertensi dan karakteristik sosio-demografi terhadap pengendalian kadar tekanan darah tinggi. Metode yang digunakan dengan melakukan pengisian data responden, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, dan kosultasi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi di lingkungan Grand Depok City. Pengabdian masyarakat ini melibatkan tenaga Dokter, Apoteker, dan mahasiswa jurusan farmasi Universitas Jakarta Global sebagai penyelenggara dan 47 orang sebagai responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dari data kuisioner yang telah diisi oleh responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat di lingkungan Grand Depok City dalam kategori baik. Kegiatan ini mendapatkan respon baik dan meminta lebih di tingkatkan frekuensi kegiatannya.
Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees and T. Nees) Blume): Review tentang Botani, Penggunaan Tradisional, Kandungan Senyawa Kimia, dan Farmakologi
Authors: Yuwanda Alhara , Budipratama Adina Anugrah , Farmasita Budiastuti Rizky
Published: October 2024

Kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat di Indonesia. Daerah ini telah menjadi pusat ekspor kayu manis sejak abad ke-18, dengan pusat produksi utamanya berada di Kabupaten Agam dan Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Proses budidaya yang telah berlangsung dalam waktu yang cukup lama telah menghasilkan variasi yang tinggi dalam adaptasi kayu manis terhadap lingkungan di wilayah budidaya tersebut. Kayu manis telah memberikan kontribusi penting dalam dunia kuliner sebagai rempah-rempah yang memberikan cita rasa khas dan aroma dalam berbagai hidangan makanan. Bidang fitokimia mempelajari senyawa-senyawa kimia dalam tanaman, dan kayu manis memiliki kandungan senyawa-senyawa fitokimia yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Senyawa seperti kumarin, eugenol, dan katekin memiliki efek farmakologis seperti antiinflamasi, antidiabetik, dan antimikroba, serta berperan sebagai antioksidan untuk melawan radikal bebas. Dalam bidang farmakologi, kayu manis telah menjadi subjek penelitian yang menarik. Senyawa-senyawa fitokimia dalam kayu manis, terutama kumarin dan eugenol, telah menarik perhatian dalam pengembangan obat-obatan untuk berbagai kondisi kesehatan, termasuk penyakit diabetes tipe 2 dan infeksi bakteri. Sementara kayu manis memberikan berbagai manfaat, perlu diperhatikan juga nilai toksikologi dari penggunaannya. Beberapa senyawa dalam kayu manis, seperti kumarin dalam jumlah besar, dapat menjadi beracun bagi kesehatan jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan. Kesimpulannya, kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume) adalah tanaman botani yang memiliki berbagai kegunaan dalam pengobatan tradisional, kuliner, fitokimia, dan farmakologi. Senyawa-senyawa fitokimia dalam kayu manis memberikan beragam manfaat bagi kesehatan, tetapi perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami potensi efek toksik dan dosis yang aman untuk penggunaan yang optimal.
Review Artikel: Sintesis dan Isomerisasi Senyawa Kimia pada Obat
Authors: Yuwanda Alhara
Published: October 2024

Isomerisme pada senyawa obat merupakan salah satu parameter yang mempengaruhi farmakologi klinis dan farmakoterapi. Diperlukan tinjauan literatur dilakukan untuk beberapa obat kiral yang melibatkan parameter farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik dari perbedaan senyawa isomer serta penggunaannya dalam kondisi penyakit tertentu. Saat ini, pengetahuan tentang isomerisme telah membantu kita dalam memperkenalkan alternatif obat yang lebih aman dan lebih efektif baik untuk obat-obatan baru maupun yang sudah ada. Banyak obat yang sudah dilakukan modifikasi, seperti dalam bentuk kiral seperti beralih dari campuran rasematik menjadi salah satu isomernya. Resolusi berkaitan dengan pemisahan senyawa rasematik yang menunjukkan keandalan untuk memperoleh sifat-sifat enantiomer yang diinginkan. Dalam artikel ini, kami telah mencoba untuk mengulas konsep dasar dari stereokimia dan kiralitas serta signifikansinya dalam farmakoterapi.
Les violences sexuelles en milieu collégial : portrait comparatif entre les étudiant.es des minorités sexuelles et de genre et les personnes hétérosexuelles cisgenres
Authors: Carignan-Allard Matthieu , Bergeron Manon
Published: October 2024

Les violences sexuelles constituent un problème important dans les milieux d’enseignement supérieur, et des études antérieures ont documenté la prévalence élevée de ces violences sexuelles chez les personnes des minorités sexuelles et de genre. Toutefois, il existe peu de données disponibles spécifiquement pour cette population en milieu collégial. Pour remédier à ce manque, le présent article documente les expériences de violences sexuelles subies par la communauté étudiante de cinq cégeps au Québec (n = 4 652), en distinguant les personnes des minorités sexuelles et de genre des individus hétérosexuels cisgenres. Les résultats indiquent que les personnes des minorités sexuelles et de genre sont plus nombreuses à subir des violences sexuelles ainsi qu’à rapporter des conséquences de ces gestes affectant leur fonctionnement, à se sentir moins en sécurité sur les campus et à manifester davantage de détresse psychologique.
Influence of the seeding rate, row spacing, and cultivar on alfalfa forage yield in the first production year
Authors: Ristakjovska Shirgovska Biljana , Prentovikj Tatjana , Dimov Zoran , Katanski Snežana , Vujić Svetlana
Published: October 2024

The cultivated lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is the most widely grown forage legume, mainly due to its high nutritive quality and yield. The objective of this study was to provide information about the optimal seeding rate and row spacing for alfalfa cultivation under rainfed conditions in the Republic of North Macedonia. Alfalfa was sown in the fall of 2020 using randomized complete block design in a split-split plot arrangement with three replications. The effects of two seeding rates (8 and 16 kg ha-1) and two row spaces (20 and 40 cm) were examined on the fresh forage yield (FFY) and dry matter yield (DMY) of four alfalfa cultivars. Based on the evaluation, the sowing method (row spacing) and cultivar choice have shown a significant impact on the obtained forage yield. Higher average yield of fresh (73.7 t ha-1) and dry (20.3 t ha-1) forage was achieved at a sowing distance of 20 cm. Since the seeding rate did not significantly impact the FFY and DMY, in regions with a temperate climate, it is recommended that lower seeding rates than 16 kg ha-1 should be used in order to have sufficient and cost-effective alfalfa production. The inevitable issues for increasing alfalfa production are the selection of an appropriate cultivar with good adaptability to recent climate change within compatible establishment methods.
Nociceptor Neurons Control Pollution-Mediated Neutrophilic Asthma
Authors: Wang Jo-Chiao , Crosson Theo , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Gupta Surbhi , Rafei Moutih , Talbot Sebastien
Published: October 2024

The immune and sensory nervous systems, having evolved together, use a shared language of receptors and transmitters to maintain homeostasis by responding to external and internal disruptions. Although beneficial in many cases, neurons can exacerbate inflammation during allergic reactions, such as asthma. Our research modeled asthma aggravated by pollution, exposing mice to ambient PM
2.5
particles and ovalbumin. This exposure significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils and γδ T cells compared to exposure to ovalbumin alone. We normalized airway inflammation and lung neutrophil levels by silencing nociceptor neurons at inflammation’s peak using intranasal QX-314 or ablating TRPV1-expressing neurons. Additionally, we observed heightened sensitivity in chemical-sensing TRPA1 channels in neurons from pollution-exacerbated asthmatic mice. Elevated levels of artemin were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pollution-exposed mice, with artemin levels normalizing in mice with ablated nociceptor neurons. Upon exposure PM
2.5
particles, alveolar macrophages expressing pollution-sensing aryl hydrocarbon receptors, were identified as the source of artemin. This molecule enhanced TRPA1 responsiveness and increased neutrophil influx, providing a novel mechanism by which lung-innervating neurons respond to air pollution and suggesting a potential therapeutic target for controlling neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma, a clinically intractable condition.
Nuclear Argonaute protein NRDE-3 switches small RNA partners during embryogenesis to mediate temporal-specific gene regulatory activity
Authors: Chen Shihui , Phillips Carolyn M
Published: October 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene regulation mechanism that utilizes the Argonaute protein and their associated small RNAs to exert regulatory function on complementary transcripts. While the majority of germline-expressed RNAi pathway components reside in perinuclear germ granules, it is unknown whether and how RNAi pathways are spatially organized in other cell types. Here we find that the small RNA biogenesis machinery is spatially and temporally organized during embryogenesis. Specifically, the RNAi factor, SIMR-1, forms visible concentrates during mid-embryogenesis that contain an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a poly-UG polymerase, and the unloaded nuclear Argonaute protein, NRDE-3. We also observe that many other RNAi factors form foci in embryonic cells distinct from “SIMR granules”, including the Argonaute protein CSR-1, underscoring a potential role for cytoplasmic concentrates of RNAi factors to promote gene regulation in embryos. Curiously, coincident with the appearance of the SIMR granules, the small RNAs bound to NRDE-3 switch from predominantly CSR-class 22G-RNAs to ERGO-dependent 22G-RNAs. Prior work has shown that NRDE-3 binds ERGO-dependent 22G-RNAs in the somatic cells of larvae and adults to silence ERGO-target genes; here we demonstrate that NRDE-3-bound, CSR-class 22G-RNAs repress transcription in oocytes. Thus, our study defines two separable roles for NRDE-3, targeting germline-expressed genes during oogenesis to promote global transcriptional repression, and switching during embryogenesis to repress recently duplicated genes and retrotransposons in somatic cells, highlighting the plasticity of Argonaute proteins and the need for more precise temporal characterization of Argonaute-small RNA interactions.
Nuclear Argonaute protein NRDE-3 switches small RNA binding partners during embryogenesis coincident with the formation of SIMR granules
Authors: Chen Shihui , Phillips Carolyn M
Published: October 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene regulation mechanism that utilizes the Argonaute protein and their associated small RNAs to exert regulatory function on complementary transcripts. While the majority of germline-expressed RNAi pathway components reside in perinuclear germ granules, it is unknown whether and how RNAi pathways are spatially organized in other cell types. Here we find that the small RNA biogenesis machinery is spatially and temporally organized during embryogenesis. Specifically, the RNAi factor, SIMR-1, forms visible concentrates during mid-embryogenesis that contain an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a poly-UG polymerase, and the unloaded nuclear Argonaute protein, NRDE-3. Further, we observe that many other RNAi factors form foci in embryonic cells distinct from SIMR granules, including the Argonaute protein CSR-1, underscoring a potential role for cytoplasmic concentrates of RNAi factors to promote gene regulation in embryos. Curiously, coincident with the appearance of the “SIMR granules”, the small RNAs bound to NRDE-3 switch from predominantly CSR-class 22G-RNAs to ERGO-dependent 22G-RNAs. Thus, our study defines two separable roles for NRDE-3, targeting germline-expressed genes during early embryogenesis and switching later in embryogenesis to repress recently duplicated genes and retrotransposons in somatic cells, highlighting the plasticity of Argonaute proteins and the need for more precise temporal characterization of Argonaute-small RNA interactions.
Tracking the evolution of a single choice
Authors: Talluri Bharath Chandra , Nienborg Hendrikje
Published: October 2024

Measuring the activity of hundreds of neurons in macaque brains simultaneously provides further evidence that drift-diffusion dynamics underlie how decisions are made in the brain.
Brain state and cortical layer-specific mechanisms underlying perception at threshold
Authors: Morton Mitchell P , Denagamage Sachira , Blume Isabel J , Reynolds John H , Jadi Monika P , Nandy Anirvan S
Published: October 2024

Identical stimuli can be perceived or go unnoticed across successive presentations, producing divergent behavioral outcomes despite similarities in sensory input. We sought to understand how fluctuations in behavioral state and cortical layer and cell-class specific neural activity underlie this perceptual variability. We analyzed physiological measurements of state and laminar electrophysiological activity in visual area V4 while monkeys were rewarded for correctly reporting a stimulus change at perceptual threshold. Hit trials were characterized by a behavioral state with heightened arousal, greater eye position stability, and enhanced decoding performance of stimulus identity from neural activity. Target stimuli evoked stronger responses in V4 in hit trials, and excitatory neurons in the superficial layers, the primary feed-forward output of the cortical column, exhibited lower variability. Feed-forward interlaminar population correlations were stronger in hits. Hit trials were further characterized by greater synchrony between the output layers of the cortex during spontaneous activity, while the stimulus-evoked period showed elevated synchrony in the feed-forward pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that a state of elevated arousal and stable retinal images allow enhanced processing of sensory stimuli, which contributes to hits at perceptual threshold.
PKA regulation of neuronal function requires the dissociation of catalytic subunits from regulatory subunits
Authors: Xiong Wei-Hong , Qin Maozhen , Zhong Haining
Published: October 2024

Protein kinase A (PKA) plays essential roles in diverse cellular functions. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous PKA upon activation remain debated. The classical model predicts that PKA catalytic subunits dissociate from regulatory subunits in the presence of cAMP, whereas a second model proposes that catalytic subunits remain associated with regulatory subunits following physiological activation. Here we report that different PKA subtypes, as defined by the regulatory subunit, exhibit distinct subcellular localization at rest in CA1 neurons of cultured hippocampal slices. Nevertheless, when all tested PKA subtypes are activated by norepinephrine, presumably via the β-adrenergic receptor, catalytic subunits translocate to dendritic spines but regulatory subunits remain unmoved. These differential spatial dynamics between the subunits indicate that at least a significant fraction of PKA dissociates. Furthermore, PKA-dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity and transmission can be supported only by wildtype, dissociable PKA, but not by inseparable PKA. These results indicate that endogenous PKA regulatory and catalytic subunits dissociate to achieve PKA function in neurons.
RT-Cabi: an Internet of Things based framework for anomaly behavior detection with data correction through edge collaboration and dynamic feature fusion
Authors: Li Xiaoshan , Chen Mingming
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies brings forth new security challenges, particularly in anomaly behavior detection in traffic flow. To address these challenges, this study introduces RT-Cabi (Real-Time Cyber-Intelligence Behavioral Anomaly Identifier), an innovative framework for IoT traffic anomaly detection that leverages edge computing to enhance the data processing and analysis capabilities, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection. RT-Cabi incorporates an adaptive edge collaboration mechanism, dynamic feature fusion and selection techniques, and optimized lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) frameworks to address the limitations of traditional models in resource-constrained edge devices. Experiments conducted on two public datasets, Edge-IIoT and UNSW_NB15, demonstrate that RT-Cabi achieves a detection accuracy of 98.45% and 90.94%, respectively, significantly outperforming existing methods. These contributions not only validate the effectiveness of the RT-Cabi model in identifying anomalous behaviors in IoT traffic but also offer new perspectives and technological pathways for future research in IoT security.
State monitoring and fault prediction of centrifugal compressors based on long short–term memory and principal component analysis (LSTM-PCA)
Authors: Wang Yuan , Hu Shaolin
Published: October 2024

Centrifugal compressors are widely used in the petroleum and natural gas industry for gas compression, reinjection, and transportation. Early fault identification and fault evolution prediction for centrifugal compressors can improve equipment safety and reduce maintenance and operating costs. This article proposes a dynamic process monitoring method for centrifugal compressors based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and principal component analysis (PCA). This method constructs a sliding window for monitoring at each sampling point, which contains 100 data from the past and current time points, and uses LSTM to predict 30 future data points. At the same time, this method is also combined with the PCA threshold process monitoring method to construct a new LSTM-PCA monitoring algorithm. And the method was validated using centrifugal compressor process data. The results show that this method can effectively detect process anomalies, The improvements significantly reduced the false positive rate of detected anomalies, and can make multi-step advance predictions of system behavior after faults occur.
Exploring reported population differences in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in the Pomo Pits region of the Adriatic Sea using genome-wide markers
Authors: Jenkins Tom L. , Martinelli Michela , Ellis Charlie D. , Stevens Jamie R.
Published: October 2024

The Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) is one of the most important decapod crustacean seafood species in the Adriatic Sea. Previous research has identified significant differences in growth rates and maturation timing of Nephrops in the Pomo/Jabuka Pits area compared to other subpopulations in Adriatic fishing grounds. Here, we use 1,623 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate whether the Pomo Pits subpopulation is genetically different from other sites in the Adriatic and neighbouring seas. We found no genetic differentiation among all sampled Adriatic sites, suggesting high gene flow between Pomo Pits Nephrops and those of surrounding areas. We also found genetic homogeneity between the Adriatic sites and single-site samples from the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Seas. However, we detected distinct genetic differentiation between all Mediterranean sites and an Atlantic site in western Scotland, which provides evidence for a phylogenetic break between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Our results indicate that Pomo Pits Nephrops are not genetically different from others sampled in the Adriatic and that key biological parameters in Pomo Pits Nephrops could be driven by spatial variation in fishing pressure and/or environmental factors rather than geographic isolation.
Foot darkening with age in Spheniscus penguins: applications and functions
Authors: Rebstock Ginger A. , Wellington K. Pearl , Boersma P. Dee
Published: October 2024

The proportions of individuals in various age classes in a population of wild animals affect population trends, behaviors, learning, and social structures. Knowledge of age structure is needed for effective conservation and management of populations. However, it is not always possible to determine the age or age class of individual animals, and hence the age structure of the population. Penguins, like most birds, cannot be aged once they molt into adult plumage. Spheniscus penguins attain adult plumage at 6 to 24 months of age, and individuals can live more than 30 years. We studied foot darkening in the four species of Spheniscus penguins to determine if age class can be determined from foot color. We compared how foot color changes with age among the four species to investigate potential functions of the darkening. We found that Spheniscus penguins have pale feet at hatching and the feet become darker with age throughout the lives of individuals. We showed that we can accurately predict the age structure of a colony of Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus, but not the ages of individual penguins, based on a sample of foot colors. The timing of foot darkening within species was consistent with foot color functioning in protection from UV radiation, and not with foot color functioning in thermoregulation. The species that breeds at the lowest latitudes and experiences the highest UV radiation (Galápagos penguins Spheniscus mendiculus) had feet that darkened at the earliest ages, and the species that breed at higher latitudes and experience less intense insolation (African S. demersus and Magellanic penguins) had feet that darkened latest. Humboldt penguins S. humboldti breed mostly at low latitudes and foot darkening was intermediate between Galápagos and Magellanic penguins. We also found that males’ feet darken somewhat earlier than females’ feet, likely because females spend more time in their nests (burrows or under vegetation) than males and have less sun exposure. We found that feet darkened in an individual over years, but not within a breeding season. The color change is a life-long process, likely an evolutionary adaptation within species, not a seasonal, temporary response to UV radiation. We propose foot darkening as a way to assess age structure in Spheniscus penguins. Foot color in a colony of Magellanic penguins can provide a rapid, noninvasive method to estimate the age structure of the colony.
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed the stemness of a specific cluster of B cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression
Authors: Wang Guifang , Zhang Ensheng , Chen An , Meng Dachuan
Published: October 2024

Background

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common pediatric cancer. The heterogeneous characterization of B cells in ALL progression poses new challenges to researchers. We used single-cell sequencing to explore the critical role of B cells in regulating the ALL immune microenvironment.

Method

We collected the single cell (sc) RNA-seq data of ALL and health sample from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, the “Seurat” and “harmony” R package was used for quality control and scRNA-seq analysis, in which the CellMarker2.0 database was used for cell type annotation. Subsequently, the FindAllMarkers function was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among various cell types and the DAVID database was applied for the biological process of DEGs. Then, the “inferCNV” package was used for copy number variation, regulons and cell communication were performed by SCENIC tool and CellChat package. The role of the target gene in regulating ALL progression was assessed using RT-qPCR, Transwell and scratch healing assays.

Results

We identified nine mainly cell clusters after scRNA-seq analysis, in which the B cells had higher infiltration proportion in the ALL samples and were sub-clustered into five cell sub-groups. The B cells 1 is closely associated with cell proliferation and stemness (TNFAIP3 and KDM5B), and the significant CNV of amplification occurred on chr6 and chr21 that supported stemness of B cells1. RXRB is a key transcription factor mediated the proliferation of B cells 1, which in turn suppressed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) proliferation and promoted cytotoxic NK/T cells activation through diverse cell communication ways. One of the key regulators of B cells is MYC, which promotes the migration and invasive ability of cell line leukemia cell lines.

Conclusion

This study reveals the stemness characteristics of B cells and their critical role in ALL progression, a finding that provides new potential directions for the development of targeted therapies against ALL.
Assessing acute effects of two motor-cognitive training modalities on cognitive functions, postural control, and gait stability in older adults: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Li Ran , Qu Ping , Hu Xue , Li Xiaojing , Zeng Haiqing , Gao Binghong , Sun Zhiyuan
Published: October 2024

Background

The process of aging often accompanies a decline in cognitive function, postural control, and gait stability, consequently increasing the susceptibility to falls among older individuals. In response to these challenges, motor-cognitive training has emerged as a potential intervention to mitigate age-related declines.

Objective

This study aims to assess the acute effects of two distinct motor-cognitive training modalities, treadmill dual-task training (TMDT) and interactive motor-cognitive training (IMCT), on cognitive function, postural control, walking ability, and dual-task performance in the elderly population.

Method

In this randomized crossover study, 35 healthy elderly individuals (aged 60–75) participated in three acute training sessions involving TMDT, IMCT, and a control reading condition. Assessments of executive function, postural control, gait performance, and cognitive accuracy were conducted both before and after each session.

Results

Both TMDT and IMCT improved executive functions. Notably, IMCT resulted in a significant enhancement in correct response rates and a reduction in reaction times in the Stroop task (p < 0.05) compared to TMDT and the control condition. IMCT also led to an increase in dual-task gait speed (p < 0.001) and showed a trend towards improved cognitive accuracy (p = 0.07). Conversely, TMDT increased postural sway with eyes open (p = 0.013), indicating a potential detriment to postural control.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that IMCT holds greater immediate efficacy in enhancing cognitive function and gait stability among older adults compared to TMDT, with a lesser adverse impact on postural control. This underscores the potential of IMCT as a preferred approach for mitigating fall risk and enhancing both cognitive and physical functions in the elderly population.
Indigo alleviates psoriasis through the AhR/NF-κB signaling pathway: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Lin Yu , Yang Lihong , Wang Dongxiang , Lei Haiqing , Zhang Yuelin , Sun Wen , Liu Jing
Published: October 2024

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. A strong association between the AhR/ NFκB axis and the inflammatory response in psoriasis. Indigo (IDG) has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-psoriatic efficacy of IDG while investigating the underlying mechanisms involved.

Methods

In the in vitro experiments, cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8. qRT-PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, AhR, and CYP1A1. Western blotting was conducted to examine alterations in cytoplasmic and nuclear AhR protein levels. Additionally, an IDG nanoemulsion (NE) cream was prepared for the in vivo experiments. A psoriasis-like skin lesion mice model was induced using IMQ (62.5 mg/day for 7 days). The severity of psoriasis was evaluated using PASI, and skin lesions were scored while epidermal thickness was assessed via HE staining. The expression of inflammatory markers, including IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A, MCP-1, and TNF-α, was detected in skin lesions using Luminex. The levels of CYP1A1, p65, and p-p65 proteins were determined by Western blotting.

Results

LPS stimulation significantly elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB mRNA levels, which were notably reduced by IDG treatment. Additionally, IDG significantly enhanced the expression of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA. Further investigation revealed that IDG facilitated AhR translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, IDG NE substantially ameliorated the severity of skin lesions. Moreover, IDG NE treatment reduced the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17A, MCP-1, and TNF-α in IMQ-induced skin lesions. It was also observed that IDG NE treatment increased CYP1A1 protein expression while inhibiting p65 and p-p65 protein expression.

Conclusion

IDG emerges as a promising treatment for psoriasis, demonstrating effective therapeutic outcomes. Its mechanism of action is likely linked to the modulation of the AhR/NFκB signaling pathway.
Entre la Conservación y Regeneración del Centro Histórico
Authors:   , Guerra Sáez Catalina
Published: October 2024

Los centros históricos son áreas urbanas con valor histórico y material,albergando inmuebles y zonas de protección patrimonial.Al ser un lugar fundacional, experimentan una serie de transformacionesa lo largo de su historia, adaptándose a las necesidadesy dinámicas de su contexto urbano. En la actualidad, la crecienteimportancia de la protección y valorización patrimonial haplanteado el desafío de llevar a cabo estas transformaciones enzonas que son cada vez más restrictivas a su intervención, pese ala necesidad de la transformación de ésta para un correcto desarrollourbano.El Centro Fundacional de Santiago, que concentra un gran númerode zonas protegidas, ha consolidado en sus áreas patrimonialesuna lógica programática ligada al consumo tanto comercial comoturístico. Esta característica se ha mantenido incluso después delos planes de repoblamiento, dejando un centro histórico que polarizay fragmenta el sector de vivienda del sector patrimonial.Hoy en día, las zonas consolidadas enfrentan un fenómeno de desplazamientofuncional, donde algunos de los usos establecidostienden a abandonar el centro, lo que abre la discusión sobre lanecesidad de intervenir para evitar una posible obsolescencia. Eneste sentido, la intervención, necesaria para el desarrollo urbanosostenible, deberá hacer frente a todas las restricciones propias deuna zona consolidada, tensionando la conservación de lo existentecon la necesidad de cambio en sus lógicas de habitar.En respuesta a esta situación urbana, la tesis se enfoca en el casodel Barrio Nueva York, investigando conceptual y proyectualmentelos mecanismos de intervención en zonas consolidadas.Se diagnostican las restricciones y oportunidades de una intervenciónen un sitio disponible del centro de Santiago, explorandoformas de mantener la vitalidad y relevancia del Centro Históricoa través de un modelo que equilibre la protección patrimonial conla integración de nuevos usos y programas urbanos.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation in Jhagadia, Netrang and Valia Taluka of Bharuch District in South Gujarat, India
Authors: L. M. Patil, , K. G. Patel, , V. R. Naik, , V. I. Valvi,
Published: October 2024

Bharuch, a heavily industrialized district on the west coast, faces challenges like over-extraction and contamination, which threaten its groundwater quality. In response, a post-monsoon 2023 assessment was conducted in the Jhagadia, Netrang, and Valia talukas, where water samples from 78 locations were collected and analyzed. These locations were identified using landforms developed through GIS. The study found that around 40% of the TGA in these blocks is used for agriculture, with 52,106 hectares for single crops and 7,843 hectares for double crops, making up 15.05% of the total cultivated area. Eastern part of Jhagadia and Netrang recorded deep water levels (10–20 m), while other areas had moderately shallow levels (5–10 m). Tube wells were mainly found in Valia, northern Jhagadia, and western Netrang, whereas dug wells dominated eastern Netrang and southeastern Jhagadia. Irrigation water pH ranged from 6.31 to 8.82, averaging 6.97, with higher pH in Jhagadia. Electrical conductivity (EC) was highest in Valia (0.66–2.94 dSm⁻¹), and medium salinity was noted in Jhagadia (1.03 dSm⁻¹) and Netrang (0.71 dSm⁻¹), affecting irrigation suitability. All samples had a SAR classification of S1 (<10). Most water samples were "Suitable" based on RSC, except some in Valia with RSC >1.25 meL⁻¹. Chloride levels varied from 0.50 mg/L-1 to 25.48 mg/L-1. The specific soil management practices, such as gypsum application, improving drainage and the growing of salt-tolerant crop varieties can help mitigate potential negative impacts on crop productivity.
Effect of Level of Sorghum and WPC-80 on Quality of Sorghum Incorporated Chhana Cake
Authors: M. Barot Amitkumar , V. Pinto Suneeta , N Dharaiya, Chetan , M. Patel Sunil
Published: October 2024

The objective of the present investigation was to develop a technology for manufacture of a millet based chhana cake. Sorghum incorporated chhana cake (SCC) was prepared using chhana as base material. Sorghum flour was added @ 20 % (w/w of chhana). Four batches of chhana were prepared from milk using different levels of milk fat, viz. 4.5, 5.0. 5.5 and 6.0%. It was found that chhana prepared from milk containing 6.0% milk fat was most suitable for preparation of SCC. The proportion of sorghum flour, blend of white butter and cottonseed oil (1.5:1.0 w/w) and WPC-80 in the formulation was optimized using Response Surface Method. The suggested solution was 25.31% sorghum flour, 25.52% blend of white butter and cottonseed oil (1.5:1.0 w/w) and 9.78% WPC-80 (w/w of chhana) and the desirability of the model was found to be 0.837. The Hardness (N), Cohesiveness, Springiness (mm), Guminess (N) and Chewiness (Nmm) of SCC was found to be 17.48, 0.26, 8.13, 4.28 and 35.02 respectively. The proximate composition of the developed product was: moisture 25.0 %, protein 13.8 %, fat 18.90 %, total carbohydrate 40.60 % and ash 1.68 %. The protein content of SCC was 14.5 % which was 2.9 times higher than commercial cakes.
Analysis, Quantification and Identification of Pesticides from Lettuce in Ouagadougou City (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Djinda Saratou , Sanou Yacouba , Paré Samuel
Published: October 2024

In Burkina Faso, chemical inputs are used massively in market gardening to increase the yields. The misuse of these chemicals is responsible of contamination of market garden products, leading to the rapid rotting of vegetables. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticides in chemical inputs applied on vegetables produced in Ouagadougou City. To do this, lettuce has been sampled from producers in three sites (Tanghin, Boulmiougou and Kossodo) and pesticides amounts have been analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
Chemical analyses have carried out on three lettuce samples and the extraction of chemical input residues was done according to QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe) method. Results revealed the presence of six (06) pesticide molecules (chlordimeform, quintozene, lindane, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, δ-deltamethrin) in Boulmiougou sample, four (04) molecules (methomyl, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, δ-deltamethrin) in Kossodo sample and three (03) molecules (cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, δ-deltamethrin) in Tanghin sample. In this regard, analysis of pesticide amount revealed that the quantity of molecules was acceptable for the consumer, but these pesticides could contribute to the rapid rotting of our vegetables which generates economic and social losses for the country.
Coconut Cultivation in South Konkan Region of Maharashtra: A Study of Economic Well-being
Authors: Jachak R. S. , Gawas O. M. , Koli A. K. , Phadte P. V. , Torane S. R.
Published: October 2024

A study on economic well-being was conducted in the South Konkan region with 144 sample coconut growers. The objective behind this study was to estimate cost, returns, profitability and financial feasibility of coconut production. The study was conducted by means of adoption index, standard cost concept and financial feasibility measures. Numerous technologies have been suggested by the Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, to enhance the quality of coconut production after extensive research in the field. The extent up to which the technologies were adopted was 45.51 per cent overall. This suggested a wide scope for raising the adoption rate. The economic analysis of coconut production in the research area showed that growing coconuts through the use of recommended technology was profitable. It was observed that farmers are saving more on each expense due to the high adoption rate. In coconut cultivation, the net present value was positive (Rs. 230665). The B: C ratio is greater than one (1.41) and the internal rate of return (IRR) is higher than the going interest rate (23.01%). This demonstrated the economic viability of coconut production. The policy should be made to spread the recommendations to the farmers and training should be provided to farmers on larger scale for more profitable production.
Hepatoprotective Investigation of Ficus lyrataand Ficus elastic Leaves Extract
Authors: Aryan Mrinal , Manigauha Ashish , Gupta Vishal
Published: October 2024

In hepatotoxic Albino rats caused by isoniazid and paracetamol, the hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus lyrata and Ficus elastic leaves was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity. The degree of protection was measured by estimating biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate Oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), ALP and the level of total serum bilirubin. In rats that had been toxicated with isoniazid and paracetamol. Hydroalcoholic extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) demonstrated a noteworthy hepatoprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner. The extract's hepatoprotective benefits were on par with those of the prescribed medication silymarin 2.5 mg/kg body weight.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels and Plant Growth Regulators on Stomatal Resistance, Leaf Temperature and Transpiration Rate and Yield of Banana cv Ney Poovan
Authors: Tamilselvi C. , Arulselvi S. , Sathish G. , Punitha A. , Vijayashanthi V. A. , Yogameenakshi P. , Sivagamy K. , Preehi T. L. , Banumathy S.
Published: October 2024

The present Study was carried out to understand the effects of certain plant growth regulators under different nitrogen levels on different gas exchanging parameters viz., stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, transpiration rate and yield of banana cv. neypoovan.  Different levels of nitrogen viz.,150 g Nplant-1 (45g + 75g +30g N plant-1 at 3,5 and 7 MAP, respectively), M1 + Urea 2% foliar spray, 200 g N plant-1 (60g + 100g + 40g N plant-1 at 3,5 and 7 MAP respectively), M3 + Urea 2% foliar spray and foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm, mepiquat chloride 500 ppm, chlormequat chloride 1000 ppm, nitrobenzene 50 ppm, benzyl adenine 20 ppm and 25 ppm of 2, 4-D at 3rd , 5th and 7th month after planting were given and compared with untreated control.Salicylic acid treated leaves showed high stomatal resistance with low transpiration.
The yield components were favourably influenced by higher level of N application. Soil application of 200 g N plant-1 and giving two per cent urea spray on 3rd, 5th,and 7th month after planting distinctly enhanced all the yield components. Salicylic acid spray at 100 ppm improved the number of hands, fingers and finger size. Benzyl adenine at 20 ppm spray also was found beneficial in increasing yield components. More number of fingers per bunch were observed in benzyl adenine treatment. With maximum fruit weight, salicylic acid spray surpassed benzyl adenine by recording maximum bunch weight of 12.58 kg (13.9 % increase over control), while benzyl adenine recorded 12.52 kg (13.4 % increase).
Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence in Agricultural Sector: Trends and Transformations
Authors: Ritambara  , Kaushal Shilpa , Shubham
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture is transforming the sector by improving resources efficiency, sustainability and productivity. Our study examined a number of AI-related applications such as pest control, crop monitoring, precision farming and soil health evaluation. AI powered devices enables automated fertilization, harvesting and irrigation, and therefore, cutting down the labor expenses and resource waste. Predictive analytics in AI helps with crop yield and weather forecasts which ultimately improves the planning and risk management. The paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of AI adoption in agriculture, such as the need for reliable data, technical expertise and infrastructure investment. Ultimately, the findings highlights the AI can have positive transformative potential in creating resilient agricultural practices that can meet the demands of a growing global population while minimizing environmental impact. However, one of the biggest uses of AI is precision farming, which uses the technology to optimize inputs like water, fertilizer and pesticides by adjusting them to the unique requirements of the crop and the field. AI techniques also make it possible to detect the pests and diseases through picture recognition and predictive analytics, which ultimately minimizes the crop loss and allows for prompt interventions. Widespread use may be hampered by issues with data quality, model interpretability, expensive prices and system integration. Furthermore, issues with labor impact, regulatory frameworks and scalability complicate its adoption. In order to fully utilize AI in agriculture, researchers, farmers and policymakers must work together to overcome these challenges and develop workable and accessible solutions that are suited to a variety of agricultural environments. Present review also highlighted how AI involvement has the ability to revolutionize agricultural sector by developing resilient methods that can both minimize environmental effects and meet the needs of an expanding global population. The agriculture industry can set the path for a sustainable future by adopting AI advances and guaranteeing the environmental stewardship and goals of food safety and security.
Investigating the Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour of Steel Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium-Base Composites
Authors: Alawode Adeolu J. , Ademokoya Shade O. , Bakare Ademola , Aina Olanrewaju
Published: October 2024

Base metals are often reinforced with fibres to improve their mechanical behaviour; however, it is imperative to decide the range of fibres orientation that would yield favourable strength. In this work, using sand casting method, aluminium is reinforced with galvanized steel fibres at different orientations with the aim of investigating the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of the composites. The fibre orientations considered are 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°; while the mechanical properties evaluated are impact energy, tensile, compressive and fatigue properties. Unreinforced aluminium exhibits impact energy, elongation-at-fracture, ultimate tensile strength, and maximum compressive strength of 5.15 J, 15.88%, 72.56 MN/m2, and 231.13 MN/m2, respectively. With deviation of composite fibre orientation from 0° to 30°, 60° and 90°, impact energy decreases from 8.68 to 5.56, 4.75 and 4.61 J; elongation-at-fracture decreases from 24.58 to 17.91, 12.20 and 11.87%; ultimate tensile strength decreases from 132.70 to 89.17, 63.67 and 60.34 MN/m2; and maximum compressive strength decreases from 310.66 to 251.06, 226.91 and 209.93 MN/m2. At fatigue stress amplitude of 850 MN/m2, the fatigue life of unreinforced specimen is 26 numbers of cycles-to-failure; while the deviation of composite fibre orientation from 0° to 30°, 60° and 90° yielded reduction in fatigue life from 64 to 36, 20 and 14 numbers of cycles-to-failure. Also, reduction in fatigue stress amplitude was found to increase the fatigue life of the specimens. The fatigue limit (or endurance limit) of unreinforeced specimen, and composite specimen having 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° fibre orientations are found to be 40, 70, 45, 35 and 25 MN/m2, respectively; and the corresponding fatigue life are observed to be 35480, 199518, 112195, 10021 and 5297 numbers of cycles-to-failure, respectively. The findings in this work show that specimens with 0° fibre orientation have the highest endurance of deformation before fracture, followed by specimens with 30° fibre orientation, unreinforced specimens, specimens with 60° fibre orientation and specimens with 90° fibre orientation. This could be attributed to the fact that 0° fibre orientation offers continuous reinforcement spanning the longitudinal axis of the specimens, while fibre orientation from 30° to 90° offer areas of different degrees of shear stress concentration at fibre-matrix contacts aiding fibre-matrix debonding and crack propagation. In conclusion, this work shows that orientation of steel fibre reinforcement in aluminium matrix could be varied to achieve ranges of mechanical properties and performance needed for different practical applications.