bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation fuels cutaneous wound re-epithelialization by enhancing PELI2 mRNA stability
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhao Yixuan , Liu Daiming , Gu Shuchen , Liu Yunhan , Khoong Yimin , Luo Shenying , Zhang Zewei , Xia Wenzheng , Wang Meng , Liang Hsin , Li Minxiong , Li Qingfeng , Zan Tao
Published: July 2023

Background

Impaired wound re-epithelialization contributes to cutaneous barrier reconstruction dysfunction. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has been shown to participate in the determination of RNA fate, and its aberration triggers the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Howbeit, the function of m6A in wound re-epithelialization remains enigmatic.

Methods

Alkbh5‒/‒ mouse was constructed to study the rate of wound re-epithelialization after ALKBH5 ablation. Integrated high-throughput analysis combining methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA-seq was used to identify the downstream target of ALKBH5. In vitro and in vivo rescue experiments were conducted to verify the role of the downstream target on the functional phenotype of ALKBH5-deficient cells or animals. Furthermore, the interacting reader protein and regulatory mechanisms were determined through RIP-qPCR, RNA pull–down, and RNA stability assays.

Results

ALKBH5 was specifically upregulated in the wound edge epidermis. Ablation of ALKBH5 suppressed keratinocyte migration and resulted in delayed wound re-epithelialization in Alkbh5‒/‒ mouse. Integrated high-throughput analysis revealed that PELI2, an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, serves as the downstream target of ALKBH5. Concordantly, exogenous PELI2 supplementation partially rescued keratinocyte migration and accelerated re-epithelialization in ALKBH5-deficient cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In terms of its mechanism, ALKBH5 promoted PELI2 expression by removing the m6A modification from PELI2 mRNA and enhancing its stability in a YTHDF2-dependent manner.

Conclusions

This study identifies ALKBH5 as an endogenous accelerator of wound re-epithelialization, thereby benefiting the development of a reprogrammed m6A targeted therapy for refractory wounds.

Graphical Abstract
Implementing shared decision making for early-stage breast cancer treatment using a coproduction learning collaborative: the SHAIR Collaborative protocol
Authors: Schubbe Danielle , Yen Renata W. , Leavitt Hannah , Forcino Rachel C. , Jacobs Christopher , Friedman Erica B. , McEvoy Maureen , Rosenkranz Kari M. , Rojas Kristin E. , Bradley Ann , Crayton Eloise , Jackson Sherrill , Mitchell Myrtle , O’Malley A. James , Politi Mary , Tosteson Anna N. A. , Wong Sandra L. , Margenthaler Julie , Durand Marie-Anne , Elwyn Glyn
Published: July 2023

Background

Shared decision making (SDM) in breast cancer care improves outcomes, but it is not routinely implemented. Results from the What Matters Most trial demonstrated that early-stage breast cancer surgery conversation aids, when used by surgeons after brief training, improved SDM and patient-reported outcomes. Trial surgeons and patients both encouraged using the conversation aids in routine care. We will develop and evaluate an online learning collaborative, called the SHared decision making Adoption Implementation Resource (SHAIR) Collaborative, to promote early-stage breast cancer surgery SDM by implementing the conversation aids into routine preoperative care. Learning collaboratives are known to be effective for quality improvement in clinical care, but no breast cancer learning collaborative currently exists.

Our specific aims are to (1) provide the SHAIR Collaborative resources to clinical sites to use with eligible patients, (2) examine the relationship between the use of the SHAIR Collaborative resources and patient reach, and (3) promote the emergence of a sustained learning collaborative in this clinical field, building on a partnership with the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS).

Methods

We will conduct a two-phased implementation project: phase 1 pilot at five sites and phase 2 scale up at up to an additional 32 clinical sites across North America. The SHAIR Collaborative online platform will offer free access to conversation aids, training videos, electronic health record and patient portal integration guidance, a feedback dashboard, webinars, support center, and forum. We will use RE-AIM for data collection and evaluation. Our primary outcome is patient reach. Secondary data will include (1) patient-reported data from an optional, anonymous online survey, (2) number of active sites and interviews with site champions, (3) Normalization MeAsure Development questionnaire data from phase 1 sites, adaptations data utilizing the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Extended/-Implementation Strategies, and tracking implementation facilitating factors, and (4) progress on sustainability strategy and plans with ASBrS.

Discussion

The SHAIR Collaborative will reach early-stage breast cancer patients across North America, evaluate patient-reported outcomes, engage up to 37 active sites, and potentially inform engagement factors affecting implementation success and may be sustained by ASBrS.
The Rapid interaction: a qualitative study of provider approaches to implementing Rapid ART
Authors: Moran Lissa , Koester Kimberly A. , Le Tourneau Noelle , Coffey Susa , Moore Kelvin , Broussard Janessa , Crouch Pierre-Cedric , VanderZanden Lyndon , Schneider John , Lynch Elizabeth , Roman Jorge , Christopoulos Katerina A.
Published: July 2023

Background

Offering antiretroviral therapy (ART) to patients directly following an HIV diagnosis (“Rapid ART”) improves clinical outcomes and is feasible and acceptable for patients and providers. Despite this, implementation of Rapid ART is not yet standard practice in the USA. Structural-level implementation guidance is available, but research at the individual provider level that explores the patient-provider interaction itself remains scarce. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) provides a nuanced guide to investigating the less visible, more social elements of implementation like the knowledge and feelings of people, and the influences of culture and resources on individual approaches.

Methods

We conducted a multi-site qualitative study, exploring intervention commonalities across three HIV clinic environments: an HIV primary care clinic; an HIV/STI testing, treatment, and prevention clinic; and a large federally qualified health center (FQHC). Qualitative data were gathered from 27 provider informants—Rapid ART program staff and clinicians—using an interview guide developed using the CFIR. An experienced qualitative team conducted a comprehensive thematic analysis and identified cross-cutting themes in how providers approach and engage in the Rapid interaction, as well as longer-form narratives from providers that describe more fully what this interaction looks like for them.

Results

Three main themes represent the range and content of individual provider approaches to the Rapid interaction: (1) patient-centeredness; (2) emotional support and partnership; and (3) correcting misperceptions about HIV. Each theme encompassed both conceptual approaches to offering Rapid ART and concrete examples of messaging to the patient that providers used in the Rapid interaction. We describe and show examples of these themes, offer key take-aways for implementation, and provide expanded narratives of providers’ personal approaches to the Rapid interaction.

Conclusions

Exploration of provider-level approaches to Rapid ART implementation, as carried out in the patient-provider Rapid interaction, contributes a critical layer of evidence for wider implementation. It is our hope that, together with existing research showing positive outcomes and core components of systems-level implementation, these findings add to an instructive body of findings that facilitates the implementation of Rapid ART as an enhanced model of HIV care.
A novel cuproptosis-related diagnostic gene signature and differential expression validation in atherosclerosis
Authors: Cui Yuting , Chen Yanyu , Gan Ni , Li Man , Liao Wei , Zhou Yating , Xiang Qiong , Gong Xi , Guo Qianqian , Hu Pengwei , Zheng Xi-Long , Shang Desi , Peng Juan , Tang Zhihan
Published: July 2023

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and mediator molecules involved remain largely unknown. Copper, which plays an essential role in cardiovascular disease, has been suggested as a potential risk factor. Copper homeostasis is closely related to the occurrence and development of AS. Recently, a new cell death pathway called cuproptosis has been discovered, which is driven by intracellular copper excess. However, no previous studies have reported a relationship between cuproptosis and AS. In this study, we integrated bulk and single-cell sequencing data to screen and identify key cuproptosis-related genes in AS. We used correlation analysis, enrichment analysis, random forest, and other bioinformatics methods to reveal their relationships. Our findings report, for the first time, the involvement of cuproptosis-related genes FDX1, SLC31A1, and GLS in atherogenesis. FDX1 and SLC31A1 were upregulated, while GLS was downregulated in atherosclerotic plaque. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrate their potential diagnostic value for AS. Additionally, we confirm that GLS is mainly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, and SLC31A1 is mainly localized in macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions in experiments. These findings shed light on the cuproptosis landscape and potential diagnostic biomarkers for AS, providing further evidence about the vital role of cuproptosis in atherosclerosis progression.
Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial
Authors: Loo Colleen , Glozier Nick , Barton David , Baune Bernhard T. , Mills Natalie T. , Fitzgerald Paul , Glue Paul , Sarma Shanthi , Galvez-Ortiz Veronica , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Alonzo Angelo , Dong Vanessa , Martin Donel , Nikolin Stevan , Mitchell Philip B. , Berk Michael , Carter Gregory , Hackett Maree , Leyden John , Hood Sean , Somogyi Andrew A. , Lapidus Kyle , Stratton Elizabeth , Gainsford Kirsten , Garg Deepak , Thornton Nicollette L. R. , Fourrier Célia , Richardson Karyn , Rozakis Demi , Scaria Anish , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Chatterton Mary Lou , McDonald William M. , Boyce Philip , Holtzheimer Paul E. , Kozel F. Andrew , Riva-Posse Patricio , Rodgers Anthony
Published: July 2023

Background

Prior trials suggest that intravenous racemic ketamine is a highly effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but phase 3 trials of racemic ketamine are needed.

Aims

To assess the acute efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of subcutaneous racemic ketamine in participants with TRD. Trial registration: ACTRN12616001096448 at www.anzctr.org.au.

Method

This phase 3, double-blind, randomised, active-controlled multicentre trial was conducted at seven mood disorders centres in Australia and New Zealand. Participants received twice-weekly subcutaneous racemic ketamine or midazolam for 4 weeks. Initially, the trial tested fixed-dose ketamine 0.5 mg/kg versus midazolam 0.025 mg/kg (cohort 1). Dosing was revised, after a Data Safety Monitoring Board recommendation, to flexible-dose ketamine 0.5–0.9 mg/kg or midazolam 0.025–0.045 mg/kg, with response-guided dosing increments (cohort 2). The primary outcome was remission (Montgomery-Åsberg Rating Scale for Depression score ≤10) at the end of week 4.

Results

The final analysis (those who received at least one treatment) comprised 68 in cohort 1 (fixed-dose), 106 in cohort 2 (flexible-dose). Ketamine was more efficacious than midazolam in cohort 2 (remission rate 19.6% v. 2.0%; OR = 12.1, 95% CI 2.1–69.2, P = 0.005), but not different in cohort 1 (remission rate 6.3% v. 8.8%; OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.2–8.2, P = 0.76). Ketamine was well tolerated. Acute adverse effects (psychotomimetic, blood pressure increases) resolved within 2 h.

Conclusions

Adequately dosed subcutaneous racemic ketamine was efficacious and safe in treating TRD over a 4-week treatment period. The subcutaneous route is practical and feasible.
Cancer Statistics in Pakistan From 1994 to 2021: Data From Cancer Registry
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Wu Changxin
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE

Pakistan has been systematically collecting cancer data since 1994 through cancer registries.

METHODS

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer statistics in Pakistan from 1994 to 2021, including incidence and patterns.

RESULTS

The total number of patients with malignant neoplasm was 111,941, and the number of patients registered was 109,863. Most patients were from Punjab (67.6%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (20.2%). Breast cancer (22.2%), colorectum cancer (5.6%), leukemia (5.3%), lip and oral cavity cancer (5.3%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.1%) were the top five prevalent cancers in all age groups and sexes. Breast (24.6%), colorectum (6.2%), lip and oral cavity (5.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.4%), and prostate cancers (4.0%) were most common in adults in both sexes. In both sexes, the most common cancers among children were Hodgkin lymphoma (20.1%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (19.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11.6%), osteosarcoma (7.0%), and retinoblastoma (6.2%). Breast (45.9%), ovary and uterine adnexa (4.9%), lip and oral cavity (4.2%), cervix uteri (4.0%), and colorectum cancers (3.9%) were most common in adult females. In adult males, colorectum cancer (8.7%), prostate cancer (8.5%), lip and oral cavity cancer (7.6%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.4%), and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers (6%) were the top five most common malignancies.

CONCLUSION

It has been found that breast cancer, colorectum cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and bone cancer rates are among the highest in Pakistan. This information may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of future intervention strategies.
Longitudinal Course of Sex Steroids From Pregnancy to Postpartum
Authors: Dukic Jelena , Ehlert Ulrike
Published: July 2023

Context

Sex steroids (SS) typically rise during pregnancy and decline after birth, but no consistent reference values exist for these hormonal courses. We aimed to establish an overview of SS secretion patterns during the peripartum and to better understand how SS contribute to maternal and fetal pathologies.

Evidence acquisition

A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. Additionally, we conducted a supplementary manual search of references. Observational studies published in English and assessing estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone over the course of the peripartum in physically healthy female subjects were included, without restrictions on year of publication. Extracted data were analyzed descriptively and visually.

Evidence synthesis

SS increase progressively during pregnancy, with an extremely wide range of reported concentrations, especially in the third trimester. In fact, reported concentrations varied up to 5000-fold at comparable measurement time points.

Conclusions

A comprehensive understanding of the influence of SS levels on associated maternal and fetal pathologies is currently hindered by 2 main factors. First, reported SS levels vary widely during the peripartum period. Second, the current state of knowledge on how SS are associated with pathologies in mothers and babies is largely based on correlational studies, and causality thus remains unclear. Consequently, we recommend the development of a systematic reference framework that follows the suggestions presented in this review. This would enable the establishment of SS reference values for a healthy population, resulting in the possibility to draw conclusions about deviations and related pathologies.
Vitamin D Hydroxylation-deficient Rickets Type 1A Misdiagnosed as Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Rivero-García Pamela , Aguilar-Lugo-Gerez Juan José , Kimball Tamara N , Reza-Albarrán Alfredo Adolfo
Published: July 2023

Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets type 1A is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in CYP27B1 gene, which encodes for 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 25-OH vitamin D into its active form 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. We report the case of a 3-year-old female Mexican patient with growth retardation and progressive bone deformity, whose laboratory studies showed 25-OH vitamin D deficiency, a normal serum calcium and an elevated intact parathyroid hormone level that remained high despite calcitriol, cholecalciferol, and calcium supplementation. 99mTc sestamibi gammagram showed findings suggestive of parathyroid hyperplasia. Bone histomorphometry showed an image consistent with hyperparathyroidism without findings of osteomalacia, so normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism was suspected and a subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed, with the patient developing postoperative hypoparathyroidism. When she arrived at our clinic at age 18 years, she showed calcium- and calcitriol-dependent hypocalcemia, with secondary hyperparathyroidism and low levels of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D in the absence of a 25-OH vitamin D deficiency, reflecting a defect in 1α-hydroxylation. Molecular testing revealed compound heterozygous variants in CYP27B1 gene. This is the first reported case of an inherited disorder of vitamin D metabolism that was diagnosed and surgically treated as primary hyperparathyroidism.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Caused by Functional Gonadotroph Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Tsukaguchi Ryo , Hasebe Masashi , Honjo Sachiko , Hamasaki Akihiro
Published: July 2023

Functional gonadotroph adenomas (FGAs) are rare, manifesting symptoms like menstrual irregularities or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). We present a case of OHSS caused by an FGA during the follow-up of a pituitary tumor initially considered nonfunctioning. The patient presented with lower abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, and dyspnea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed 15 cm enlarged ovarian cysts and pleural effusion. Laboratory examination showed an elevated serum estradiol (E2) level (5741.4 pmol/L [1564.0 pg/mL]), suppressed luteinizing hormone, and nonsuppressed follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH). However, no pituitary hormone disorders were observed when a 19 mm pituitary tumor was discovered 11 months prior. Given the absence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, OHSS due to the FGA was suspected. Cabergoline, known for alleviating the severity of OHSS, was administered, but the ovarian cysts continued to enlarge. Subsequently, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was performed, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of the FSH-producing adenoma. Follow-up MRI scans showed reduced ovarian cysts and successful pituitary tumor resection with a reduced E2 level. This case highlights the importance of considering FGAs when encountering OHSS without hCG administration or following up on pituitary tumors in premenopausal female patients to take appropriate measures for accurate diagnosis and management.
Pro-Con Debate: Judicious Benzodiazepine Administration for Preoperative Anxiolysis in Older Patients
Authors: Mahanna-Gabrielli Elizabeth , Schenning Katie J. , Deiner Stacie G. , Whittington Robert A.
Published: July 2023

In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss the risks and benefits of administering preoperative benzodiazepines to older patients to decrease preoperative anxiety. The Pro side first focuses on the critical importance of treating preoperative anxiety and that benzodiazepines are the best tool to achieve that goal. The competing argument presented by the Con side is that myriad options exist to treat preoperative anxiety without simultaneously increasing the risk for devastating complications such as postoperative delirium. Both sides call for more high-quality investigations to determine the most effective strategies for decreasing preoperative anxiety in older adults while improving outcomes and reducing morbidity.
Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: History and Perioperative Considerations From the Society for Pediatric Pain Medicine
Authors: Kitzman Jamie M. , Mesheriakova Veronika V. , Borucki Amber N. , Agarwal Rita
Published: July 2023

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are on the rise in children and young adults in the United States. According to reports, over 40 million people aged 12 and older had a diagnosed SUD in 2020.
1
A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that overdose death in children aged 10 to 19 years old increased 109% from 2019 to 2021.
2
Given the rapidly increasing prevalence of SUD, anesthesiologists will almost certainly encounter children, adolescents, and young adults with a history of recreational drug use or nonmedical use of prescription opioids in the perioperative period. Since the perioperative period can be a particularly challenging time for patients with SUD, anesthesiologists can tailor their perioperative care to reduce rates of relapse and can serve as both advocates and educators for this vulnerable patient population.

This article examines the history of SUD and physiology of substance use in children, adolescents, and young adults, including reasons why young people are more susceptible to the addictive effects of many substances. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted many aspects of life, including increased social isolation and shifted dynamics at home, both thought to impact substance use.
3
Substance use patterns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic are explored. Although current literature is mostly on adults, the evidence-based medical treatments for patients with SUD are reviewed, and recommendations for perioperative considerations are suggested.

The emphasis of this review is on opioid use disorder, cannabis, and vaping particularly because these have disproportionately affected the younger population. The article provides recommendations and resources for recognizing and treating adolescents and young adults at risk for SUD in the perioperative period. It also provides suggestions to reduce new persistent postoperative opioid use.
Understanding the Effect of Prescription Isodose in Single-Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery on Plan Quality and Clinical Outcomes for Solid Brain Metastases
Authors: Brown Matthew H. , Marcrom Samuel R. , Patel Mayank P. , Popple Richard A. , Travis Roman L. , McDonald Andrew M. , Riley Kristen O. , Markert James M. , Willey Christopher D. , Bredel Markus , Fiveash John B. , Thomas Evan M.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

There is wide variation in treatment planning strategy for central nervous system (CNS) stereotactic radiosurgery. We sought to understand what relationships exist between intratumor maximum dose and local control (LC) or CNS toxicity, and dosimetric effects of constraining hotspots on plan quality of multiple metastases volumetric modulated arc therapy radiosurgery plans.

METHODS:

We captured brain metastases from 2015 to 2017 treated with single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy radiosurgery. Included tumors received single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery, had no previous surgery or radiation, and available follow-up imaging. Our criterion for local failure was 25% increase in tumor diameter on follow-up MRI or pathologic confirmation of tumor recurrence. We defined significant CNS toxicity as Radiation Therapy Oncology Group irreversible Grade 3 or higher. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating factors affecting LC. We examined 10 stereotactic radiosurgery plans with prescriptions of 18 Gy to all targets originally planned without constraints on the maximum dose within the tumor. We replanned each with a constraint of Dmax 120%. We compared V50%, mean brain dose, and Dmax between plans.

RESULTS:

Five hundred and thirty tumors in 116 patients were available for analysis. Median prescription dose was 18 Gy, and median prescription isodose line (IDL) was 73%. Kaplan-Meier estimate of 12-month LC only tumor volume (HR 1.43 [1.22-1.68] P < .001) was predictive of local failure on univariate analysis; prescription IDL and histology were not. In multivariate analysis, tumor volume impacted local failure (HR 1.43 [1.22-1.69] P < .001) but prescription IDL did not (HR 0.95 [0.86-1.05] P = .288). Only a single grade 3 and 2 grade 4 toxicities were observed; tumor volume was predictive of CNS toxicity (HR 1.58 [1.25-2.00]; P < .001), whereas prescription IDL was not (HR 1.01 [0.87-1.17] P = .940).

CONCLUSION:

The prescription isodose line had no impact on local tumor control or CNS toxicity. Penalizing radiosurgery hotspots resulted in worse radiosurgery plans with poorer gradient. Limiting maximum dose in gross tumor causes increased collateral exposure to surrounding tissue and should be avoided.
Pre-TAVI aortic annulus sizing: comparison between manual and semi-automated new generation software measurements in operators with different experience
Authors: Annoni Andrea Daniele , Mancini Maria Elisabetta , Carlicchi Eleonora , Belmonte Marta , Formenti Alberto , Mushtaq Saima , Marchetti Francesca , Cilia Francesco , Baggiano Andrea , Fusini Laura , Bonomi Alice , Gennari Marco , Montorsi Piero , Pepi Mauro , Pontone Gianluca
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

Aim of the study is to compare manual and semi-automatic measurements for aortic annulus assessment among different operators.

Methods:

Eighty patients who underwent TAVI were retrospectively enrolled. The measurements manually performed by an experienced reader for aortic annulus (minimum and maximum diameters, perimeter, area), annulus-to-coronary ostia distance and time needed for the whole evaluation, were collected. The same operator (observer 1) and two less experienced readers (observer 2 and 3, with >5 years and 1 year of experience, respectively) assessed the same measurements using a semi-automatic software. Differences between manual and semi-automatic measurements, reading time and suggested valves size derived by CT were compared.

Results:

Very good correlations were found between manual and software-aided measurements for aortic annulus area and perimeter in comparison with standard measurements for the three readers (ICC range 0.81–0.98). Good correlations were found for the distance with coronary ostia(0.75–0.79). The same area-derived prosthesis size for manual and semi-automatic measurements was selected in 96% of cases for observer 1; very good correlations were also found for observer 2 and 3 (ICC = 0.89 and 0.88, respectively). Using semi-automatic measurements, the mean time needed for CT images was significantly lower for observers 1 and 2 (1.50 and 1.72versus 3.14 min), respectively.

Conclusions:

Pre-TAVI CT using semi-automatic software allows accurate and reproducible measurements, reducing reconstruction time up to 50% and is reliable even for operators with different experience.

Advances in knowledge:

The use of semi-automatic dedicated software for CT in TAVI planning is reliable even for operators without long time experience and allows accurate and reproducible measurements improving pre-TAVI workflow.
Autorecoding A-to-I RNA editing sites in theAdargene underwent compensatory gains and losses in major insect clades
Authors: Duan Yuange , Ma Ling , Song Fan , Tian Li , Cai Wanzhi , Li Hu
Published: July 2023

As one of the most prevalent RNA modifications in animals, adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing facilitates the environmental adaptation of organisms by diversifying the proteome in a temporal–spatial manner. In flies and bees, the editing enzyme Adar has independently gained two different autorecoding sites that form an autofeedback loop, stabilizing the overall editing efficiency. This ensures cellular homeostasis by keeping the normal function of target genes. However, in a broader range of insects, the evolutionary dynamics and significance of thisAdarautoregulatory mechanism are unclear. We retrieved the genomes of 377 arthropod species covering the five major insect orders (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera) and aligned theAdarautorecoding sites across all genomes. We found that the two autorecoding sites underwent compensatory gains and losses during the evolution of two orders with the most sequenced species (Diptera and Hymenoptera), and that the two editing sites were mutually exclusive among them: One editable site is significantly linked to another uneditable site. This autorecoding mechanism ofAdarcould flexibly diversify the proteome and stabilize global editing activity. Many insects independently selected different autorecoding sites to achieve a feedback loop and regulate the global RNA editome, revealing an interesting phenomenon during evolution. Our study reveals the evolutionary force acting on accurate regulation of RNA editing activity in insects and thus deepens our understanding of the functional importance of RNA editing in environmental adaptation and evolution.
Relationships Between Childhood Bullying/Domestic Violence Experience and Insomnia among Employees in Japan
Authors: Muroi Kei , Ishitsuka Mami , Hori Daisuke , Doki Shotaro , Takahashi Tsukasa , Ikeda Tomohiko , Saito Tamaki , Shinichiro Sasahara , Matsuzaki Ichiyo
Published: July 2023

Objective: Traumatic childhood experiences such as domestic violence and bullying have been reported to be associated with insomnia in adulthood. However, little evidence is available for the long-term effects of childhood adversity on workers’ insomnia worldwide. Our objective was to examine whether childhood experiences of bullying and domestic violence are associated with insomnia in workers in adulthood.

Methods: We used survey data from a cross-sectional study of the Tsukuba Science City Network in Tsukuba City, Japan. Workers aged 20 to 65 years (4509 men and 2666 women) were targeted. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed with the Athens Insomnia Scale as the objective variable.

Results: Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that childhood bullying and domestic violence experience of childhood bullying and domestic violence were associated with insomnia. As for the experience of domestic violence, the higher the time of experience, the higher the odds ratio of insomnia.

Conclusions: It may be useful to focus on childhood traumatic experiences regarding insomnia in workers. In the future, objective sleep time and sleep efficiency should be evaluated using an activity meter and other methods to verify the effects of bullying and domestic violence experiences.
Association between dental caries experience and salivary profile among autoimmune thyroid disease subjects - a cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: K S Aparna , P Puranik Manjunath , S R Uma
Published: July 2023

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects women between the ages of 30 and 50. It has been hypothesised that AITD causes salivary glands to produce less saliva due to its endocrine effects. Studies showing the effect of AITD on salivary glands are very scarce. The aim of this study was to compare AITD patients with controls who were of a similar age and gender in terms of salivary metrics and the prevalence of dental caries.

Methods: 200 subjects in Bangalore city (100 AITD subjects and 100 healthy subjects as controls) participated in a cross-sectional study. Subjective oral dryness was assessed using Farsi’s criteria. Salivary parameters and caries were assessed using GC Saliva-Check BUFFER kit and WHO caries criteria respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were done. Significant data was defined as a p value of <0.05.

Results: When compared to controls, the AITD group had substantially more subjective mouth dryness and dental caries. Unstimulated (USFR) and stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR), pH and buffering capacity were reduced in AITD group whereas viscosity was high. There was a significant negative correlation between USFR, SFR, subjective oral dryness and dental caries. In a linear regression, there was no association between age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), salivary viscosity, pH, buffering capacity and dental caries. Dental caries, USFR and SFR demonstrated a substantial relationship.

Conclusions: The present research may indicate an underlying association between thyroid and salivary gland dysfunction resulting in oral dryness and high dental caries experience.
Manual cervical therapy and vestibular migraine: A case series
Authors: O'Toole Roger , Watson Dean
Published: July 2023

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is a relatively new diagnostic entity with incomplete knowledge regarding pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic guidelines. By reporting the effect of manual cervical therapy (MCT) on people with VM, we suggest a possible role for upper cervical afferents in VM treatment and/or pathogenesis. The objective was to describe the change in clinical presentation and self-reported symptoms of VM corresponding to MCT and followed up to six months.

Methods: A nonrandomised *ABA design was utilised to consecutively and prospectively evaluate selected patients with diagnosed VM. Symptom characteristics (frequency and intensity) were recorded along with standardised patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to document the response to MCT.

Results: Three patients were recruited who met the diagnostic criteria for VM. All three patients demonstrated improvement in both migraine attack and interictal symptom frequency. These improvements mirrored changes in PROs and were sustained over a six-month follow-up period.

Conclusions: The improvement that coincided with the intervention including MCT was rapid, observable and sustained. This suggests that the upper cervical spine could be a therapeutic target in VM and may have implications for future research into the pathogenesis of VM.
The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial: Protocol for school-age follow-up
Authors: Piper Joseph D. , Mazhanga Clever , Mwapaura Marian , Mapako Gloria , Mapurisa Idah , Mashedze Tsitsi , Munyama Eunice , Kuona Maria , Mashiri Thombizodwa , Sibanda Kundai , Matemavi Dzidzai , Tichagwa Monica , Nyoni Soneni , Saidi Asinje , Mangwende Manasa , Chidhanguro Dzivaidzo , Mpofu Eddington , Tome Joice , Mutasa Batsirai , Chasekwa Bernard , Smuk Melanie , Smith Laura E. , Njovo Handrea , Nyachowe Chandiwana , Muchekeza Mary , Mutasa Kuda , Sauramba Virginia , Langhaug Lisa F. , Tavengwa Naume V. , Gladstone Melissa J. , Wells Jonathan C. , Allen Elizabeth , Humphrey Jean H. , Ntozini Robert ,   SHINE Follow-up team, Prendergast Andrew J.
Published: July 2023

Background: There is a need for follow-up of early-life stunting intervention trials into childhood to determine their long-term impact. A holistic school-age assessment of health, growth, physical and cognitive function will help to comprehensively characterise the sustained effects of early-life interventions.

Methods: The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial in rural Zimbabwe assessed the effects of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and/or improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) on stunting and anaemia at 18 months. Among children enrolled to SHINE, 1,275 have been followed up at 7-8 years of age (1,000 children who have not been exposed to HIV, 268 exposed to HIV antenatally who remain HIV negative and 7 HIV positive children). Children were assessed using the School-Age Health, Activity, Resilience, Anthropometry and Neurocognitive (SAHARAN) toolbox, to measure their growth, body composition, cognitive and physical function. In parallel, a caregiver questionnaire assessed household demographics, socioeconomic status, adversity, nurturing, caregiver support, food and water insecurity. A monthly morbidity questionnaire is currently being administered by community health workers to evaluate school-age rates of infection and healthcare-seeking. The impact of the SHINE IYCF and WASH interventions, the early-life ‘exposome’, maternal HIV, and contemporary exposures on each school-age outcome will be assessed. We will also undertake an exploratory factor analysis to generate new, simpler metrics for assessment of cognition (COG-SAHARAN), growth (GROW-SAHARAN) and combined growth, cognitive and physical function (SUB-SAHARAN). The SUB-SAHARAN toolbox will be used to conduct annual assessments within the SHINE cohort from ages 8-12 years.

Ethics and dissemination: Approval was obtained from Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (08/02/21) and registered with Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202201828512110, 24/01/22). Primary caregivers provided written informed consent and children written assent. Findings will be disseminated through community sensitisation, peer-reviewed journals and stakeholders including the Zimbabwean Ministry of Health and Child Care.
Reconstruction of extreme post-burn scar contracture of the ankle using a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap: a case report
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Chang Lan Sook , Kim Hyo Seong , Park Seong Oh , Kim Youn Hwan
Published: July 2023

Post-burn scar contracture associated with deep second-degree or higher burns in the joint area can lead to joint immobility and may cause chronic ulcers, substantially impacting patients’ quality of life. Surgical intervention is necessary, with local flaps or skin grafts being the first option. In extreme cases, free flap transfer may be required to address large defects that occur after contracture release. This study presents a successful case of reconstruction using free flap transfer in a patient with severe post-burn scar contracture, which resulted in a club-like deformed ankle with a nonfunctional joint. Despite the extreme deformity and nonfunctioning joint, we utilized a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap to stably cover the newly fused joint in a neutral position. After reconstruction, the patient was able to wear shoes and ambulate. This case highlights the potential of free flap transfer even in the most challenging situations where joint function is severely compromised.
Ocalone z kipiszu: 13 grudnia 1981 – 24 lipca 1982
Authors: Szaciłowski Stefan
Published: July 2023

W latach 1975-1983 w ramach Teatru Akademickiego KUL prowadził zespół Sceny Słowa i wystawił 11 premier. Po 1989 r. wycofał się z działalności politycznej i zajął się reżyserią w polskich teatrach (Poznań, Szczecin, Częstochowa, Olsztyn, Kalisz, Białystok, Toruń, Bielsko-Biała, Jelenia Góra, Płock, Rzeszów i in.). Publikował teksty literackie i publicystyczne w „Akcencie”, „Dialogu”, „Tygodniku Powszechnym” (w latach 70. XX w.) oraz w „Spotkaniach. Niezależnym Piśmie Młodych Katolików” (m.in. jako Jan Grabiecki, J.G., Konstanty Goniewski). Wyróżniony m.in. Krzyżem Kawalerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski oraz Krzyżem Wolności i Solidarności.
A Surrogate-Based Asynchronous Decomposition Technique for Realistic Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow Problems
Authors: Petra Cosmin G. , Aravena Ignacio
Published: July 2023

Solving realistic security-constrained optimal power flow problems

In “A surrogate-based asynchronous decomposition technique for realistic security-constrained optimal power flow problems,” we propose a new algorithm for solving a classical problem in power grid operations: the security-constrained optimal power flow, considering its nonlinearities and realistic transitions between nominal and emergency post-contingency operations. Solving security-constrained optimal power flow problems accurately is a critical function, upon which depends the reliability, security, and efficiency of power systems as well as the correct functioning of other critical infrastructure dependent on electricity. The proposed algorithm was extensively tested against many state-of-the-art approaches using realistic and real instances in the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition Challenge 1, where it found the best-known solution for 58% of the instances, attained an average gap of less than 0.2%, and obtained the best overall scores, thereby winning all divisions of Challenge 1 with a very strong first place.
Do Lower-Power Individuals Really Compete Less? An Investigation of Covert Competition
Authors: Zhong Yufei , Li Huisi (Jessica)
Published: July 2023

Competition is one of the defining features of organizational life. In this research, we identify a prevalent but overlooked type of competition—covert competition, which we define as behaviors with the intention to win (i.e., advancing one’s interest/position while disregarding or hurting the other party’s interest/position) that are unclear to or hidden from the other party. We argue that one’s relative power in dyadic social relationships influences covert competition. Based on the theory of power dependence, we expect that lower-power individuals are more likely than higher-power individuals to compete covertly. This is because lower-power individuals fear the potential negative repercussions of revealing their competitiveness, which motivates them to engage in more covert competition. Lower-power individuals’ ability to escape from the current relationship mitigates the effects of having lower power on such fear and on their subsequent covert competition. With five experiments and a three-wave longitudinal survey study, we find support for our hypotheses. This research calls attention to the understudied covert form of competition and emphasizes the nuanced relationships between power and competitive behaviors.

Supplemental Material: The online supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1684 .
Equine Kinematic Gait Analysis Using Stereo Videography and Deep Learning: Stride Length and Stance Duration Estimation
Authors: Niknejad Nariman , Caro Jessica L. , Bidese-Puhl Rafael , Bao Yin , Staiger Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2023

Highlights

Stereo machine vision and deep learning techniques were investigated for infield equine kinematic gait analysis.

The proposed pipeline tracks equine body landmarks in 3D space and estimates stride length and stance duration.

The system can serve as a cost-effective, rapid, and easy-to-use tool for equine locomotion research.

Abstract. Equine kinematic gait analysis (EKGA) currently requires a complicated, expensive, and labor-intensive procedure for equine locomotion research. An automated stereo video processing pipeline was developed and evaluated for measuring equine biomechanical parameters. Using stereo videos of 40 different walking horses, a DeepLabCut (DLC) model was trained to detect body landmarks in individual frames. With an autoregressive integrated moving average filter, the landmark detection had a root mean square error of 5.14 pixels and a mean absolute error of 4.87 pixels. As a case study, methods were developed to extract stride length (SL) and stance duration (SD). Individual hoof gait phase detection was achieved using a fine-tuned Faster R-CNN model and a mode filter, yielding precision and recall values of 0.83 and 0.95, respectively. The semi-global block matching (SGBM) algorithm was used to estimate depth maps, and the accuracy was assessed by comparing head length estimation with infield measurements. A Bland-Altman analysis for DLC-detected head length in combination with SGBM-based 3D reconstruction yielded a bias of -0.014 m with upper and lower limits of agreement (LoAs) of 0.03 m and -0.061 m, respectively. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses on SD and SL when compared to image-level manual measurements showed biases of -0.02 sec and -0.042 m, respectively. The corresponding LoAs were (0.01907 sec, -0.24 sec) for SD and (0.04 m, -0.12 m) for SL. The proposed method showed promising potential in performing EKGA in an automated, cost-effective, and rapid manner under field conditions. Keywords: 3D Reconstruction, Animal Pose Estimation, Deep Learning, Equine Kinematic Gait Analysis, Stereo Matching.
A CSM-Based Procedure for Identifying Segments of Agricultural Drainage Ditches to Be Prioritized in Maintenance Work
Authors: Aviles Ribera Daniel Bernardo , Wesstrom Ingrid , Joel Abraham
Published: July 2023

Highlights

Maintenance of agricultural ditches is important to secure food production.

To reduce costs, ditch segments in most need of maintenance should be prioritized.

CSM measurements can help prioritize maintenance of agricultural ditch segments.

Abstract. Productive agricultural land is vital for food production. To help secure the productivity of drained agricultural soils, diches need to be intermittently maintained. Maintenance work is costly, however, so ditch segments in most need of maintenance should be prioritized. Here, we present a procedure for identifying drainage ditch segments likely to need maintenance based on susceptibility to soil erosion by water flowing in the ditch, evaluated using a cohesive strength meter (CSM). An important part of the procedure is to relate the pressure of the CSM jets to pressures acting on the soil. The relationship between CSM jet pressure and pressures at the soil surface was established based on measurements made with a pressure sensor plate and was applied to obtain several values for pressure at the surface, which were used in turn to estimate critical shear stress for erosion. The results showed that the CSM-based method was able to identify differences in critical shear stress for erosion for different field soils. This information can be useful in identifying drainage ditch segments that should be prioritized for maintenance work. Keywords: Drainage data acquisition, Drainage maintenance, Drainage performance evaluation, Soil erosion.
Stoking Ecumenical Embers of Holiness: The Asceticism of Exchanging Saints
Authors: Guidero Kirsten L.
Published: July 2023

precis: This essay explores how the legacy of asceticism from patristic spirituality may be retrieved alongside constructive ecclesiology and studies in embodied cognition to enliven modern ecumenical method. Asceticism concerns the transformation of humanity into divine likeness by learning how to encounter God in the world. The essay discerns the major determining features of asceticism in individuals before showing how these characteristics can be pursued on communal levels. An ascetic ecumenism works from the ground up to facilitate sharing models of holiness across ecclesial communities.
Le Marronage et la révolte de 1791 : Le Cas de la plantation Bréda du Haut-du-Cap
Authors: Girard Philippe
Published: July 2023

Abstract: By analyzing plantation documents, the article argues that marronage was ten times more prevalent on the Bréda plantation of Haut-du-Cap than maroon notices in the colonial press would suggest. That is especially true of the group flights often dismissed as mere “strikes,” which are unmentioned in the press and accounting documents even though they are the most numerous and most successful forms of marronage on the plantation. If confirmed by other plantation studies, these findings could help reframe the classic Debien-Fouchard debate on the links between marronage and the 1791 slave revolt by encouraging scholars to go beyond the small/large marronage dichotomy and shift their focus to group marronage (a.k.a strikes), whose revolutionary potential has been underestimated. Résumé: Sur la base de documents de la plantation Bréda du Haut-du-Cap, l’article conclut que le marronage était dix fois plus fréquent que ne l’indiquent les annonces de marronage dans la presse coloniale. C’est particulièrement vrai pour les cas de marronage en groupe souvent qualifiés de simples « grèves », qui n’apparaissent pas dans la presse et la comptabilité de la plantation alors qu’ils représentent la forme la plus nombreuse et la plus efficace de marronage. Ces conclusions, si elles sont confirmées par d’autres études du même type, pourraient redéfinir le débat classique Fouchard-Debien sur les liens entre le marronage et la révolte de 1791 en encourageant les historiens à dépasser la dichotomie petit/grand marronage et se focaliser sur le marronage en groupe (ou marronage-grève) dont le potentiel révolutionnaire a été sous-estimé.