bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound assessment of injury to the posterior ligamentous complex in patients with mild thoracolumbar fractures
Authors: Zhao Jian-Wu , Liu Yan , Yin Ruo-Feng , Wang Jin-Cheng , Yang Yu-Hui , Liu Peng
Published: June 2013

Objective

To assess the value of ultrasonographic imaging of the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) to diagnose ligamentous injuries, in patients with mild thoracolumbar fractures.

Methods

Patients with thoracolumbar fractures were included in this prospective study. Patients underwent palpation of the midline of the back, and ultrasonography was performed over the entire thoracolumbar region by an experienced sonographer. A team that included a musculoskeletal radiologist, an orthopaedic surgeon and a sonographer assessed the ultrasound results. Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were jointly evaluated in a subgroup of patients who were able to fund MRI analysis. Conflicts regarding the results were resolved by a majority vote.

Results

A total of 21 patients participated in the study, all of whom exhibited abnormal ultrasonographic echogenicity on the supraspinous or interspinous ligaments. Three patients were diagnosed with a rupture of the supraspinous ligament. In 15/17 (88.2%) patients, interspinous ligament injuries were detected caudally to the injured vertebrae.

Conclusions

Ultrasound examination is a reliable complementary diagnostic tool to identify PLC injuries in patients with mild thoracolumbar fractures.
Investigations on the clinical significance of FOXP3 protein expression in cervical oesophageal cancer and the number of FOXP3+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Xia Ming , Zhao Miao-qing , Wu Kai , Lin Xiao-yan , Liu Ying , Qin Ye-jun
Published: June 2013

Objectives

Investigations of FOXP3 protein expression in cervical oesophageal cancer cells and the number of FOXP3 + lymphocytes infiltrating tumour tissue were undertaken.

Methods

FOXP3 protein expression and FOXP3 + tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were studied immunohistochemically, in cervical oesophageal cancer tissue samples from 42 cases and paracancerous tissue samples from 30 of these cases.

Results

The percentage of parenchymal cells expressing FOXP3 protein was significantly higher in cancer tissue (42.9%, 18/42) than in paracancerous tissue 6.67% (two of 30). FOXP3 + lymphocyte infiltration was significantly more frequent in cancer (38.1%, 16/42) than in paracancerous (13.33%, four of 30) tissue. FOXP3 protein expression in cancer parenchymal cells in patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly greater than expression in those without lymph node metastasis. FOXP3 protein expression was significantly higher in cancer tissue samples from clinical stage III or IV than those from stage I or II disease. FOXP3 + lymphocyte infiltration of tumours was significantly greater in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis.

Conclusions

Abnormal FOXP3 expression in cervical oesophageal cancer parenchyma and FOXP3 + lymphocyte infiltration might be closely related to metastasis of this cancer by promoting immune escape of the tumour. FOXP3 might be a potential marker for the assessment of postoperative metastasis in cervical oesophageal cancer.
Implementing and Sustaining Evidence-Based Practice in Juvenile Justice
Authors: Rocque Michael , Welsh Brandon C. , Greenwood Peter W. , King Erica
Published: June 2013

US juvenile justice is at the forefront of experimentation with the evidence-based paradigm, whereby the best available research is utilized to help inform more rational and effective practice. Increasingly, state governments are playing a major role in this endeavor. Maine is one of these states and is the focus of this article. Using a case-study design, we set out to develop a fuller understanding of the events and processes that have contributed to the development, implementation, and sustainment of evidence-based practice in juvenile justice in the state. Four major themes emerged. First, Maine has benefited from strong and lasting leadership within its corrections department. These leaders paved the way for the implementation and sustainment of programs, including finding innovative ways to use existing resources. Second, the adoption of the Risk–Need–Responsivity model was important in laying the groundwork for the use of evidence-based programming. Third, collaborations within and among state agencies and public and private groups were essential. Finally, buy-in and support from multiple stakeholders was and continues to be essential to Maine’s work. Ongoing problems remain with respect to ensuring agencies prioritize fidelity to the model and locating increasingly scarce funding. Implications for other states are discussed.
Power, Luck and Ideology – Technological and Institutional Parameters of the Agency Problem for CEOs
Authors: Skott Peter , Guy Frederick
Published: June 2013

We propose an explanation for the growth of executive pay since the 1980s. New information and communication technologies (ICTs) appear to favor winner-take-all markets and to accentuate firm-level volatility of profits. We show, using an efficiency wage model, that these changes lead to higher executive pay. This is an example of what we have called, in other contexts, power-biased technological change (PBTC). The changes in market structure and the power of CEOs, however, are not only technologically but also institutionally contingent.

JEL Classification: D31, J41, O33
Alienation and the Self-Managed Firm System
Authors: Jossa Bruno
Published: June 2013

An analysis of Marx’s alienation theory is the starting point for establishing if alienation would actually be cancelled in a system of self-managed firms. As Marx held that alienation comes at various degrees and is strongest in capitalistic systems with hired labor, the author argues that democratic firm management would doubtless reduce alienation in general, but not eliminate those forms that are specifically related to the division of labor, to scarcity, and the resulting need to work for one’s daily bread. The author closes his paper with a criticism of Bigo’s approach to alienation in centrally planned economic systems and an analysis of capitalism as an inversed world.
Property and the Right to Water
Authors: Schmidt Jeremy J. , Mitchell Kyle R.
Published: June 2013

This paper examines the turn to considerations of property in arguments regarding the commons and the human right to water. It identifies commitments to liberalism in political economy approaches to property and human rights and develops a matrix for identifying non-liberal conceptions of the commons. The latter holds potential for an agonistic politics in which human rights are compatible with ecological sensibilities regarding the dynamics of conflict and cooperation in complex systems.
The Invisible Foot
Authors: Hahnel Robin
Published: June 2013

This article pays homage to E. K. Hunt who was a founding member of URPE who helped build chapters on several campuses in western states. Much of the author’s own research work over the past forty years was an attempt to strengthen criticisms Hunt voiced long ago about markets and blind spots in mainstream economic theory. The article reviews work inspired by Hunt regarding externalities, endogenous preferences, the Coase theorem, and an alternative to the market system known as participatory planning.
Financialization and Marx
Authors: Sotiropoulos Dimitris P. , Lapatsioras Spyros
Published: June 2013

The recent theoretical works of the authors mentioned in the title of the paper provide thorough insights into the workings of contemporary capitalism. Derivatives are the key issue involved here. They comprehend financialization as a development within, rather than a distortion of, capitalist production. They nevertheless underestimate the ability of Marx’s analytical categories to capture the essence of contemporary organization of capitalism. A return to Marx is not only helpful but is also indispensable for clarification of some unformed aspects in their analysis. What is actually involved in financialization is not just the emergence of a structure enabling more effective valuation of financial assets; it is also the development of a technology of power that is superimposed on existing power relations for the purpose of organizing their functioning.
Correlates of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Korean Immigrant Elders
Authors: Lee Jong-Eun , Kim Miyong T. , Han Hae-Ra
Published: June 2013

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a key clinical outcome, particularly for individuals with chronic conditions such as hypertension (HTN). While no previous research has examined contributors to HRQOL among Asian Americans in the United States, this study was conducted to identify correlates of HRQOL in hypertensive Korean immigrant elders (≥ 60 years of age) to address the gap. A total of 440 Korean elders with HTN participated in the study. The hierarchical regression model for HRQOL explained 32.8% of the variance. Female gender (β = .109, p = .036), a greater number of comorbid conditions (β = .183, p = .000), lower social support (β = −.240, p = .000), and greater depressive symptoms (β = .402, p = .000) were associated with poorer HRQOL. Depression was the most potent correlate of HRQOL among elderly Korean Americans (KA) with HTN. Future intervention should consider managing depression as an essential component of comprehensive HTN care for this minority population.
Constructing and Performing Sexualities in the Penitentiaries
Authors: Sit Victoria , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: June 2013

Prison sex research has primarily focused on overt sexual behaviors, while prisoner attitudes regarding sexuality have received considerably less attention. Moreover, little is known about the implications of such attitudes for prisoner behaviors. Applying a social constructionist framework, the present study explores how sexuality is negotiated and performed during incarceration, and situates these behaviors within the context of dominant attitudes in all-male prison environments. To this end, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with male parolees from Canadian federal penitentiaries. The results suggest that heteronormativity and homophobia are pervasive in prisoner cultures and are reflected in how sexuality is discursively constructed and acted out by incarcerated men. Implications of the current findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Effects of nanoclays on the flammability of polystyrene with triphenyl phosphate–based flame retardants
Authors: Kaynak Cevdet , Sipahioglu B. Melike
Published: June 2013

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of nanoclays on the flammability behavior of neat polystyrene and polystyrene compounded with traditional flame retardants triphenyl phosphate and its synergist melamine cyanurate. Nanocomposites were prepared via ultrasound-assisted solution intercalation technique. Dispersion and nanomorphology of nanoclays were investigated through X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Thermal stability and flammability behaviors were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, and mass loss calorimeter tests. These analyses indicated that addition of only 5% nanoclays resulted in significant improvements in many flame retardancy parameters of polystyrene. These improvements were more pronounced in the specimens with triphenyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate–melamine cyanurate due to the synergistic combination of “condensed phase” action of nanoclays and “gas phase” actions of triphenyl phosphate and melamine cyanurate.
Silver sulfadiazine–immobilized celluloses as biocompatible polymeric biocides
Authors: Cao Zhengbing , Sun Xinbo , Yao Jinrong , Sun Yuyu
Published: June 2013

Sulfadiazine was immobilized onto cotton cellulose using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a binder. Upon treatment with diluted silver nitrate aqueous solution, the sulfadiazine moieties in the immobilized celluloses were transformed into silver–sulfadiazine coordination complexes. The resulting silver sulfadiazine–immobilized celluloses provided a 6-log reduction of 108 CFU mL−1 of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (drug-resistant bacteria), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (drug-resistant bacteria), and Candida albicans (fungi) in 30–60 minutes, and a 5-log reduction of 107 PFU mL−1 of MS2 virus in 120 minutes. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities were both durable and rechargeable. Additionally, trypan blue assay suggested that the new silver sulfadiazine–immobilized celluloses sustained excellent mammal cell viability, pointing to great potentials of the new materials for a broad range of health care–related applications.
Comparison between exfoliated graphite, graphene oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes as reinforcing agents of a polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Fernández-d’Arlas Borja , Corcuera Maria A , Eceiza Arantxa
Published: June 2013

A highly crystalline aliphatic segmented polyurethane (PU) elastomer with 40 wt% hard segment (HS) content, based on 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol as the HS, and a block copolymer of hexamethylene carbonate and polycaprolactone as the soft segment (SS), has been used as the matrix to prepare carbon nanofiller/PU composites by solution casting. Composite films with different loadings of solvent-exfoliated graphene (G)/nanographite, graphene oxide (GO) obtained by the so-called modified Hummers method, and acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were obtained and characterised. Tensile test results show that the effectiveness of increasing PU strength follows the trend MWCNT > GO > G. The ductility reduction in all the cases is related to the large sizes of nanofillers in relation to PU hard domains and the hindrance to allow plastic flow of PU SSs by larger fillers.
Introduction to the Special Issue - An Invitation to Debate: Envisioning an Africa-Centered Perspective, Engaging Sociological Endeavor
Authors: Imani Nikitah Okembe-RA
Published: June 2013

This article frames the focus of this special Africana studies issue of Critical Sociology, discussing its theoretical and epistemological necessity for the discipline, its potential for critically informing inquiry within the discipline with respect to Africana social phenomena and human experience, the challenges it poses for the traditional conduct of sociological inquiry, and what the particular pieces selected for this issue contribute to each of these.
A peace treaty for the rationality wars? External validity and its relation to normative and descriptive theories of rationality
Authors: Wallin Annika
Published: June 2013

If we know that certain ways of making decisions are associated with real-life success, is this then how we should decide? In this paper the relationship between normative and descriptive theories of decision-making is examined. First, it is shown that the history of the decision sciences ensures that it is impossible to separate descriptive theories from normative ones. Second, recent psychological research implies new ways of arguing from the descriptive to the normative. The paper ends with an evaluation of how this might affect normative theories of decision-making.
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a rare first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Khairullah S , Jasmin R , Yahya F , Cheah TE , Ng CT , Sockalingam S
Published: June 2013

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome of ineffective intestinal motility characterised by clinical and radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction with no identifiable mechanical lesion. CIPO can either be idiopathic or secondary to a systemic disease, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fewer than 30 cases of CIPO secondary to SLE have been reported so far. Here we describe a case of SLE with the initial presentation of CIPO. In SLE-related CIPO, treatment includes a combination of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and supportive care. With awareness of this condition, unnecessary surgical intervention and repeated invasive procedures could be avoided. Early initiation of treatment would avoid complications and bring about resolution of symptoms.
How much could primary human papillomavirus testing reduce cervical cancer incidence and morbidity?
Authors: Castanon Alejandra , Landy Rebecca , Sasieni Peter
Published: June 2013

Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is being considered as the primary screening test for cervical cancer in England, rather than the currently used cytology test. We aimed to estimate the impact of primary HPV testing on incidence and morbidity of cervical cancer in England by estimating the proportion of cervical cancer diagnosed within 6 years of a negative cytology. We used a population-based case-control study of prospectively recorded data on cervical screening in England between 1988 and 2012, including 8774 women with invasive cervical cancer aged 25 to 64 and 17,341 controls. We used incidence rates in 2010 to estimate absolute risks. We found that 38.8% of all women with cervical cancer had a negative test within 6 years of diagnosis. Assuming HPV testing is 95% sensitive for cancers that would develop over the next 6 years but were missed by cytology, and that 4.3% of those diagnosed by cytology would be missed by HPV testing, we estimate that a maximum of 32.6% of current cases in women invited for screening aged 25 to 64 could be prevented. This translates to a reduction in the rate of cervical cancer in this age group of 4.2 per 100,000 women per year in England, equivalent to 587 cancers.
The Concept of Dharma: Classical Meaning, Common Misconceptions and Implications for Psychology
Authors: Paranjpe Anand C.
Published: June 2013

It is common in India as well as elsewhere today to use the word dharma as implied in the idea of the ‘Hindu dharma’, especially when it is understood as a ‘religion’ in the league of other ‘world religions’ such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam. To help clarify the misunderstandings implicit in this usage, I shall first explain the classical definitions as well as relevant features of dharma in the Indian tradition, and then point out the differences between Indian dharmic traditions on the one hand, and features of the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) on the other. Finally, I would point out important implications for psychology that follow from the concept of dharma understood in the Indian tradition.
Kartavya: Understanding Selfless Acts
Authors: Pande Namita
Published: June 2013

Kartavya is an important Indian cultural concept which governs social relationships in India. Kartavya expresses itself as a selfless act in the service of attainment of larger societal good. This article, at first, attempts to locate the concept of kartavya in the Indian religio-philosophical text and follows it up by examining how it is understood by lay people through three life narratives. Finally, an attempt is made to understand its nuanced meaning in relationship with the concepts of anāsakti and duty.
Moksha and the Hindu Worldview
Authors: Mishra R.C.
Published: June 2013

The Hindu worldview presents artha, kama, dharma and moksha as the four major goals of human life. While artha and kama represent physical and psychological goals, dharma and moksha represent moral and spiritual goals, respectively. This article examines the relevance of the concept of moksha in the life of Indians and its potential for addressing the problem of individual and group relationships. It describes the way in which the concept of moksha and other similar concepts are discussed in traditional Hindu scriptures and other religious traditions. Finally, it tries to capture the way in which moksha is defined and understood by people at the present time. The article also examines some of the widely held misconceptions and dilemmas associated with moksha. It is argued that instead of being an ‘otherworldly’ reality, moksha is concerned with the present world, that it incorporates everything related to human life, and that the pursuit of this goal is helpful not only in achieving success in personal and professional domains of life, but also in developing positive interpersonal and inter-group relationships. Problems associated with transmission of moksha as a valued goal in the present-day society are discussed.
Selfhood in Search of Godhood
Authors: Tripathi R.C. , Ghildyal Prachi
Published: June 2013

The article seeks to create a space for the concept of ‘self as God’ in the discourse on self-psychology. It attempts to understand how the central concept of spiritual or divine self finds expression in the lives of ordinary Hindus and in their cultural practices. It is argued that Hindus seek an intimate relationship with their God and, in the process, attempt to realise divinity in self. The relationship with others, including children, teachers (Guru), nature and God is derived from this overriding idea of oneness of self and God. Some narratives of experiences of this oneness with God are given to anchor the later elaboration and analysis of this idea. Hindu rituals, the worship process, the status accorded to the Guru and to the young child (girl or boy) and even certain cases of healing and communication with family deities, as well as other deities reflect this intimacy with God. It is emphasised that the spiritual self should be seen only as one facet of self which acts in tandem with its other facets. The facet of self that assumes salience is a function of context, person’s needs and life stage.
The Hindu Concept of Self-refinement: Implicit yet Meaningful
Authors: Menon Usha
Published: June 2013

The article suggests that self-refinement is a significant meta-concept in the Hindu world because it undergirds so much of Hindu thought and behaviour. Unlike purity/pollution or auspiciousness/inauspiciousness, self-refinement has not garnered the same degree of scholarly attention—perhaps because it has not been explicitly lexicalised in Sanskrit. However, this article contends that together with the concepts mentioned above, a focus on self-refinement is essential for understanding and appreciating Hindu cultural reality in all its complexity. The ethnographic foundations for this essay derive from fieldwork done among Odia Hindus living in the temple town of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, eastern India. The article explores the process of maturing in this community, describing it as a cultural process in which rituals of refinement and of daily life refine and polish the raw human being to create the person, a cultural artifact. It also examines the ways in which Odia Hindu women refine themselves through cultivating self-control and exercising self-discipline, thereby transforming their ‘natural’ sakti into a kind of dharmik sakti (moral authority). Finally, the article looks at aging and the cultural practices that old people are encouraged to adopt in order to successfully disengage from the world in preparation for the final disengagement of death—and again, these practices emphasise the significance of self-discipline and self-refinement within the Hindu worldview.
Modeling Unintentional Drowning Mortality Rates in Thailand, 2000-2009
Authors: Prameprart Monsikarn , Lim Apiradee , Tongkumchum Phattrawan
Published: June 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate the pattern of unintentional drowning deaths and to identify the factors associated with drowning deaths in Thailand from 2000 to 2009. Reported death data were obtained from the Bureau of Health Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Public Health. During the period from 2000 to 2009, 41 620 deaths were reported and 1016 deaths were excluded from this study because of unknown place of death. The overall drowning death rate per 100 000 population was 6.3 (9.6 in males and 3.0 in females). The highest death rate was in males aged 0 to 4 years and in year 2006. Males in all age-groups (except in those aged 15-29 years) and females aged 0 to 4 years had higher drowning death rates than the average rate. Death rates in some public health areas in the central, the northeast, and the northern regions and in year 2005 and 2006 were higher than the average rate.
Rate of Decline of Kidney Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Associated Factors
Authors: Foon Tan Siow , Yook Chin Chia , Chinna Karuthan
Published: June 2013

This study examines the rate of decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over a 10-year period and the associated risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Medical records of T2DM patients were randomly selected. The rate of fall in eGFR (simplified modification of diet in renal disease formula) was used as a measure of decline. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the factors associated with decline of kidney function. A total of 504 patients were selected. Mean age was 57.8 ± 9 years; 65.3% were females. The mean decline rate of eGFR was 0.89 ± 2.16 mL/min/1.73 m2/y. Baseline proteinuria, glycosylated hemoglobin level, duration of T2DM, and Malay race were associated with faster decline in eGFR. The expected greater deterioration in kidney function in this cohort was not seen. Treatment of proteinuria and glycemia should be optimized early to retard the decline in kidney function in patients with T2DM.
Silent music reading: Amateur musicians’ visual processing and descriptive skill
Authors: Penttinen Marjaana , Huovinen Erkki , Ylitalo Anna-Kaisa
Published: June 2013

This article addresses the silent reading of music notation, combining eye-movement measures with a semantic analysis of readers’ verbal descriptions of the notated music. A group of musical novices ( n = 16) and two groups of musical amateurs (less experienced n = 11 and more experienced n = 10) participated in three separate measurement sessions during a nine-month-long university music course designed for future primary-school teachers. In each session they viewed a notated folk song for 30 s and then described what they had seen. Greater musical experience was found to be connected with shorter fixation durations, more linear scanning of the notated music, and more accurate and integrative verbal descriptions. Repeated measurements during the course were connected to more accurate and integrative descriptions as well as the use of longer saccades for all participants. A cluster analysis of the results revealed three separate silent-reading styles: elementary processors, lacking in both accuracy and integration in their verbal reports; accurate analyzers, producing accurate but non-integrative descriptions; and accurate integrators who, besides accurate and integrative descriptions, showed a tendency of using shorter fixation times than the two other groups. The results are discussed with a view to visual processes in other domains. In addition, a question is raised whether educational programs tend to unduly neglect considering music notation as a source of information beyond its role as a performance aid.
When the first impression counts: Music performers, audience and the evaluation of stage entrance behaviour
Authors: Platz Friedrich , Kopiez Reinhard
Published: June 2013

In this study, we suggest a typology of stage entrance behaviour of performers, based on audience members’ first impression of selected video recordings of an international violin competition. For the first time in performance research, we have focused on the stage entrance, which commences with the performers’ first appearance and lasts until the first tone is played. Against the theoretical background of the social interaction theory by Goffman, with its emphasis on the role of impression management, we assume that performance evaluation can only be understood as an interaction between expectations from audience sub-classes and behaviour groups (types) of performers. We conducted an analysis of performer behaviour in three steps: (a) Using methods of classical test theory and item response theory, we presented a selection of six items that describe performer’s impression management with regard to the audience’s impression formation ( nodding, direction of gaze, touching one’s self, stance width, step size, resolute impression); (b) by means of a multi-level latent class analysis, we came up with three latent classes of the audience’s first impression judgments (appropriate, acceptable and inappropriate stage entrance behaviour) resulting in two latent groups (types) of performers’ stage entrance behaviour evaluation (match or mismatch to the audience’s expectations); (c) the association between audience first impression classes and the audience’s motivation for performance continuation was used as an indicator for a more in-depth engagement with a particular performance. Our finding of a statistical model-based typology allows the integration of a performer behaviour that had previously only been marginalized as irrelevant. We argue that the evaluation of audio-visual music performance remains within the framework of general rules of social interaction. Consequently, for an adequate understanding of music performance, we suggest a model of performance elaboration as an alternative to models of musical communication.
Control and Constraint for Low-Income Women Choosing Outpatient Sterilization
Authors: Leyser-Whalen Ophra , Berenson Abbey B.
Published: June 2013

Little is known about Hispanics and their contraceptive choices in general, with some past studies detailing nonconsensual sterilization. This article is based on interviews with a mostly Hispanic sample of 44 women being sterilized at a public clinic in southeast Texas with the Essure device, which entails a new outpatient sterilization procedure. The women cited relationship factors, wanting to better their and their children’s lives, and past reproductive histories as reasons for deciding on sterilization. They specifically chose Essure as a result of an apprehension of surgery and potential side effects from tubal ligation. Their choices, however, were limited by larger structural factors of work, family, the political economy, and the health care system. We concluded that this new sterilization technique provided more contraceptive choices for these women, yet more contraceptive decision-making autonomy and more equitable social structures are still needed.
Organizational and Individual Attributes Influencing Patient Risk Detection
Authors: Despins Laurel A.
Published: June 2013

This study examined organizational and individual variables impacting patient risk detection by Intensive Care Unit nurses and their decision to reduce the risk of failure to rescue. Thirty-four nurses were randomly assigned to two groups. A video of a manager and staff nurse patient safety discussion was used to prime one group to prioritize patient safety. Participants provided demographic information, received end-of-shift report on two fictional patients, experienced 52 alarm trials during a medication preparation scenario, and completed the Safety Attitude Questionnaire. No difference existed in risk detection; however, nurses who perceived their work environment quality to be good correctly ignored a clinically irrelevant alarm more often and were more apt to classify an alarm as irrelevant. They chose to reduce the risk of medication error rather than that of failure to rescue. This information can assist nurses to balance disregarding distractions with responding to potential patient risk signals.
Job Crafting at the Team and Individual Level
Authors: Tims Maria , Bakker Arnold B. , Derks Daantje , van Rhenen Willem
Published: June 2013

Previous research suggests that employee job crafting is positively related to job performance through employee work engagement. The present study expands this individual-level perspective to the team level by hypothesizing that team job crafting relates positively to team performance through team work engagement. In addition, on the basis of social psychological theories about norms, modeling, and emotional contagion in groups, we hypothesize that team job crafting relates to individual performance through (a) individual job crafting and individual work engagement; and (b) team work engagement and individual work engagement. Data was collected among 525 individuals working in 54 teams that provided occupational health services. The results largely supported the hypotheses. Specifically, team job crafting was associated with individual performance via the hypothesized sequential mediation paths. The practical implications of the study are discussed and we conclude that job crafting can be simultaneously used at the team and individual level to improve job performance.
Self-Criticism, Anxious Attachment, and Avoidant Attachment as Predictors of Career Decision Making
Authors: Braunstein-Bercovitz Hedva
Published: June 2013

This study examined a model in which the anxious and the avoidant forms of insecure attachment were related to career indecision through the mediation of self-criticism. One hundred seventy-three college students completed questionnaires measuring anxious and avoidant dimensions of insecure attachment, self-criticism, and career indecision. Path analysis indicated that avoidant attachment was indirectly related to career indecision through the full mediation of self-criticism and that the linkage between anxious attachment and career indecision was partially mediated by self-criticism. These findings advance the understanding of how internalized relationships with significant others may impact career planning and development, suggesting distinct mechanisms by which the anxious and the avoidant forms of insecure attachment may exacerbate career decision making. In addition, the findings highlight the centrality of self-criticism in the process of career decision making. Implications for the career decision-making process and career planning are suggested, and recommendations for career counseling interventions are presented.
Sexual Victimization and Associated Risks Among Lesbian and Bisexual Women
Authors: Hequembourg Amy L. , Livingston Jennifer A. , Parks Kathleen A.
Published: June 2013

This study examines relationships among childhood sexual abuse (CSA), risky alcohol use, and adult sexual victimization among bisexual and lesbian women. Half (51.2%) of women reported CSA and 71.2% reported adult sexual victimization. Perpetrators were generally male, and 56.4% of women’s most recent adult sexual victimization incidents occurred after coming out. Regression results indicated that adult sexual victimization severity was associated with a bisexual identity, more severe CSA history, more lifetime sexual partners, and higher alcohol severity scores. Compared to lesbians, bisexual women reported more severe adult sexual victimization experiences, greater revictimization, riskier drinking patterns, and more lifetime male sexual partners.
Politics, Economics, and Urban Policing
Authors: Sharp Elaine B.
Published: June 2013

This paper sets forth the hypothesis that the more that a city’s economy reflects the creative class and cultural tourism elements that characterize “new economy”-style postindustrial cities, the more that the police will emphasize heightened order maintenance. Such a thesis is evident in case studies on innovations in urban social control and on cities aspiring to global city status. But the thesis needs empirical test across a large sample of cities that vary on “new economy” status, with alternative explanations for variation in order maintenance policing simultaneously taken into account. This paper provides that test for cities above 100,000 in population, controlling for variables representing the racial threat thesis, governing institutions, community policing, and policing demands and constraints. The results provide robust support for the postindustrial policing hypothesis.
Economic Evaluation of Home Care Versus Hospital Care for Patients With Terminal-Stage Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Kouli Eugenia , Patiraki Elsa , Kalokerinou Athena , Liaropoulos Lycourgos , Galanis Petros , Kaitelidou Daphne
Published: June 2013

Home care is implemented internationally on a large scale. However, in Greece, home care services are underdeveloped, especially in public sector. The economic evaluation of home care for patients with terminal-stage malignant neoplasms and the comparison with the cost of hospital care. A socioeconomic evaluation was conducted comparing the cost of home care with the cost of hospital care for patients with terminal-stage malignant neoplasms. The study population included 66 patients in home care group and 64 patients in hospital care group. Both medical cost of care and carers’ lost productivity were evaluated. The 3-month medical cost of home care was estimated at €2424.3 per patient, while the corresponding cost in hospital care group was €6665.4. The monthly carers’ lost productivity in home care group was estimated at €523.9 per patient (6.7 days out of work), while in hospital care group it was €1071.3 (13.7 days out of work). Home care provides services at lower cost compared to hospital care and contributes in cost containment of public health expenditure.
The canon or the kids: Teachers and the recontextualisation of classical and popular music in the secondary school curriculum
Authors: McPhail Graham
Published: June 2013

This article reports on some of the findings from case studies conducted with six secondary school music teachers in New Zealand. The purpose of the study was to investigate and explain the ways in which teachers manage the relationship between classical and popular music in their elective classroom programs, utilizing a theoretical framework drawn from the work of educational sociologist Basil Bernstein and more recent social realist theory. In each case, the focus of the research was the teacher and the influences on their curriculum decision-making. Students in each music department were interviewed to triangulate teacher interviews and observations. The findings indicate that a significant tension is present between the affirmation and validation of students’ musical interests and pre-existing skills, and the development of the knowledge considered fundamental within the discipline. It is teachers’ ability to ‘find a balance’ between these central concerns of their educational work that is significant in maintaining the epistemic integrity of a subject which has become strongly influenced by socio-cultural influences.
Leading together, learning together: Music education and music therapy students’ perceptions of a shared practicum
Authors: Ballantyne Julie , Baker Felicity A.
Published: June 2013

The health benefits of musical engagement extend across the lifespan, with research documenting developmental and quality of life outcomes in senior adulthood. Whilst the psychological functions of music include three broad domains: cognitive, emotional and social, the social factors of music consumption have been, for the most part, ignored. This project is predicated on the understanding that students “construct” their own knowledge through engagement with others. It also reflects the belief that it is possible to link the world of learning with a world of action through a reflective process with small cooperative learning groups.

This article reports on a collaborative creativity leadership project implemented by music therapy and music education students. In particular, it explores the perceptions of the students as they employed a teaching/therapeutic intervention with ageing participants from a local private retirement village. The project involved lyric rewriting and singing performance. Drawing on the students’ reflective journals and interview transcripts, four themes emerged relating to students’ perceptions of the learning experience. These themes were: learning about facilitating, learning about self, learning about the musical process, and learning about the context/ageing. Each of these themes is explored before conclusions about the process of leading a creative collaboration are drawn. The implications of this analysis extend beyond the context of a retirement village, and into various educational and therapeutic contexts where creative collaboration is facilitated.
Developing and evaluating cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A feasibility study
Authors: Dahlgren Camilla Lindvall , Lask Bryan , Landrø Nils-Inge , Rø Øyvind
Published: June 2013

Background:

Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) aims at improving neuropsychological weaknesses and associated thinking styles in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). It has only recently been developed for adolescents with AN, and evidence of its applicability for this particular patient group is limited. This study aimed to test the feasibility of individually tailored and delivered CRT for young females with AN.

Methods:

A sample of 20 in- and outpatients (13–18 years) with AN participated in once- or twice weekly individual CRT sessions. The CRT materials used were available in a “CRT Resource Pack.” Feasibility was assessed with regards to the recruitment process, the delivery of the intervention, the materials used and clinical experiences.

Results:

Overall results indicate that the intervention was feasible with regards to (a) the recruitment of both in- and outpatients, (b) individual tailoring and delivery, (c) the CRT materials adapted to suit young females with AN, and (d) the acceptability for clinicians involved in the study. There were no voluntary dropouts, with 19 of 20 patients completing the entire course of treatment.

Conclusions:

The findings have implications for the refinement of CRT for the youngest AN population, and strengthens our understanding of the core components in the development and evaluation of novel interventions targeting AN. This study will help inform the design of a subsequent randomized controlled trial.
The history of Ilizarov
Authors: Battaloglu Emir , Bose Deepa
Published: June 2013

This review describes the life and works of Gavril Abramovich Ilizarov. The authors attempt to explain Ilizarov’s motivation and the key stages of his career which brought him to international acclaim. The article also discusses the key principles of Ilizarov’s methods and how these can be clinically applied.
‘Seriously, get out’: Feminists on the forums and the War(craft) on women
Authors: Braithwaite Andrea
Published: June 2013

Everyday gendered experiences provide an affective framework for understanding participation in massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) and their community forums. Debates on the World of Warcraft online forums about changes to an upcoming in-game character named Ji Firepaw, who initially greeted characters with gendered and sexist dialogue, demonstrates how games and game communities are embedded in larger cultural contexts. Themes like the feminist as killjoy, anxious masculinity and player agency recur across official and unofficial WoW forums regarding Ji Firepaw. These concerns rely upon and aim to reinforce gendered power dynamics, illustrating how the digital and the virtual are not independent spaces. Rather, MMOGs and their associated online environments are experienced as part of the everyday, such that feminists and feminism are treated as threats to these virtual spaces and, by extension, to the enjoyment and sociability of an implicitly broader set of shared values about gender and sex roles.
Euroscepticism and education: A longitudinal study of 12 EU member states, 1973–2010
Authors: Hakhverdian Armen , van Elsas Erika , van der Brug Wouter , Kuhn Theresa
Published: June 2013

This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and euroscepticism from 1973 to 2010. Existing research has shown that, driven by utilitarian considerations, political cues and questions of collective identity, education and euroscepticism are negatively related. However, as the process of European unification has progressed, all three factors have become more salient, so we expect an increasing effect of education on euroscepticism over time. Using 81 waves of the Eurobarometer survey in 12 European Union (EU) member states, our results show that the impact of education on euroscepticism has indeed increased, particularly after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty.
Religious practice and the phenomenology of everyday violence in contemporary India
Authors: Singh Vikash
Published: June 2013

This article focuses on ‘dread’ in religious practice in contemporary India. It argues that the dread of everyday existence, which is as salient in a biographical temporality as it pervades the phenomenal environment, connects and transfers between religious practices and everyday life in India for the marginalized masses. For such dread, dominant liberal discourses, such as those of the nation, economy, or ego-centric performance, have neither the patience nor the forms to represent, perform, and abreact. Formulated in dialogue with critical theory, phenomenology, and psychoanalytic theory, this article conceives of religious practices in continuum with the economic, social, ethical, and political realms, and the repressions thereof. Focused on a rapidly expanding religious movement in India, it challenges normative discourses of religious practitioners as fundamentalists or reactionaries, and strives to extend the imperatives of recent critical urban ethnography into the domain of religious practice.
Receptive English vocabulary in a foreign language context: A case study of preschoolers in Mauritius
Authors: Owodally Ambarin Mooznah Auleear
Published: June 2013

In Mauritius, English, the least socially used language, is the main language of literacy and the main written medium of instruction throughout the education system, starting from the first year of compulsory primary education. The importance of English as a school language is reflected in the 2003 Preschool Curriculum Guidelines, which mention the need for preschools to introduce children to English in preparation for compulsory primary schooling in English. The development of oral English proficiency as a basis for literacy instruction and education in English is in line with the extant evidence-based reading research which shows that oral language proficiency, often investigated and tested through receptive vocabulary, is a stepping stone to early literacy development. The aim of this study is to test the receptive English vocabulary of a group of preschoolers at the beginning and end of their final preschool year, in order to assess their developing English language proficiency. To do so, a contextually relevant test was designed and administered to a group of 4-year-olds using a pre-test/post-test design. The results indicate that during their final preschool year, preschoolers develop minimal English receptive vocabulary skills, characterized mainly by their knowledge of English number names and related number concepts, body parts and marginal familiarity with general English vocabulary items. This negligible and slow progress in English receptive vocabulary development is discussed in relation to the quantity and quality of comprehensible input being provided in the preschool classroom, as revealed by the data collected from a longitudinal study using ethnographic data collection tools. The paper ends with pedagogical implications for preschool education in Mauritius and other similar contexts.