bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver fibrosis automatic diagnosis utilizing dense‐fusion attention contrastive learning network
Authors: Guo Yuhui , Li Tongtong , Zhao Ziyang , Sun Qi , Chen Miao , Jiang Yanli , Yao Zhijun , Hu Bin
Published: May 2024

Background

Liver fibrosis poses a significant public health challenge given its elevated incidence and associated mortality rates. Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging (DWI) serves as a non‐invasive diagnostic tool for supporting the identification of liver fibrosis. Deep learning, as a computer‐aided diagnostic technology, can assist in recognizing the stage of liver fibrosis by extracting abstract features from DWI images. However, gathering samples is often challenging, posing a common dilemma in previous research. Moreover, previous studies frequently overlooked the cross‐comparison information and latent connections among different DWI parameters. Thus, it is becoming a challenge to identify effective DWI parameters and dig potential features from multiple categories in a dataset with limited samples.

Purpose

A self‐defined Multi‐view Contrastive Learning Network is developed to automatically classify multi‐parameter DWI images and explore synergies between different DWI parameters.

Methods

A Dense‐fusion Attention Contrastive Learning Network (DACLN) is designed and used to recognize DWI images. Concretely, a multi‐view contrastive learning framework is constructed to train and extract features from raw multi‐parameter DWI. Besides, a Dense‐fusion module is designed to integrate feature and output predicted labels.

Results

We evaluated the performance of the proposed model on a set of real clinical data and analyzed the interpretability by Grad‐CAM and annotation analysis, achieving average scores of 0.8825, 0.8702, 0.8933, 0.8727, and 0.8779 for accuracy, precision, recall, specificity and F‐1 score. Of note, the experimental results revealed that IVIM‐f, CTRW‐β, and MONO‐ADC exhibited significant recognition ability and complementarity.

Conclusion

Our method achieves competitive accuracy in liver fibrosis diagnosis using the limited multi‐parameter DWI dataset and finds three types of DWI parameters with high sensitivity for diagnosing liver fibrosis, which suggests potential directions for future research.
A novel predictive optimal control strategy for renewable penetrated interconnected power system
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Sharma Veena , Naresh Ram , Arya Yogendra
Published: May 2024

The stable and efficient regulation of voltage and frequency is a critical issue associated with the functioning of modern power system network having renewable integration. This manuscript focuses on the concurrent regulation of voltage and frequency in a power network comprising multiple generating sources. Herein, along with conventional thermal and diesel plants, renewable generations from different sources have been considered such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) resources. Further, in a fresh attempt, the authors have modeled wind and solar PV generation using two different stochastic modeling methods concerning combined voltage and frequency loops in the regulated power system model. Furthermore, the novel Leader Harris Hawks Optimized Model Predictive Controller (MPC‐LHHO) has been applied to concurrently minimize the voltage and frequency deviations in the given power network. To address the intermittent nature of load and renewable generations, various auxiliary frequency controllers, such as the unified power flow controller (UPFC) and electric vehicle (EV) integration with the grid, have been implemented. The robustness of the proposed control method has been successfully validated through diverse scenarios of random loadings.
Celebrating the Shared Evolution of the Safe Drinking Water Act and Partnership Programs
Authors: Martin Barb
Published: May 2024

While water professionals celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 2024, this year also marks the Partnership for Safe Water's 29‐year milestone of supporting advances in water utility optimization. Although the Partnership was established 21 years after SDWA, their histories are inextricably linked. A program originally formed as a voluntary way to encourage utilities to go beyond the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) requirements of the time has evolved to keep pace with an increasingly complex regulatory environment and an ever‐increasing body of water science knowledge.
Effects of fiber characteristics on tensile and impact properties of long fiber reinforced High‐Density Polyethylene
Authors: Jiang Lijuan , Wang Xin , Zhou Yinzhi
Published: May 2024

Due to the requirements of high stiffness and impact strength of HDPE pipes, in this article, long fiber reinforced HDPE were developed and the effects of fiber length, volume fraction, types, and matrix/fiber interface on the mechanical properties were investigated. Tensile properties, notched impact strength, as well as microstructures were tested. The results showed that fibers increased the tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength, but decreased their plastic deformation. Larger fiber fraction indicates more fibers are involved in load bearing, but easy agglomeration. With ascending fiber length, tensile, and impact strength first increased and then decreased, whereas tensile modulus first increased and then maintained an almost constant value. Carbon fibers showed no advantages over glass fibers and basalt fibers in reinforcing HDPE due to the relatively poor interface bonding strength. Interface modification with KH550 improved the mechanical performance of composites, but the enhancement was limited. More effective methods should be developed for better performance.

Highlights

Fiber increases strength and modulus, but decreases plastic deformation.

Critical fiber length for basalt LFT is 2.6 mm obtained from SEM.

Larger fiber volume and length lead to agglomerations.

Difference in BF, CF, and GF reinforced HDPE is determined by interface.

Interface modification enhances mechanical properties of LFT but limited.
Fetal cardiac teratoma and pericardiocentesis: A case report
Authors: Gupta Neha , Dash Pratima , Marwah Ashutosh
Published: May 2024

Fetal pericardial teratomas are rare. They present with pericardial effusion and hydrops. The definitive management is postnatal resection of the tumor. The exact antenatal management is not known due to its rarity. We present a case of fetal pericardial teratoma with pericardial tamponade. Pericardiocentesis performed at 31 weeks significantly relieved the venous compression, leading to resolution of hydrops and prolonging the gestational age for the definitive management.
First Demonstration of High‐Frequency InAlN/GaN High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistor Using GaN‐on‐Insulator Technology via 200 mm Wafer Bonding
Authors: Li Hanchao , Xie Hanlin , Wang Yue , Yulia Lekina , Ranjan Kumud , Singh Navab , Chung Surasit , Lee Kenneth E. , Arulkumaran Subramaniam , Ing Ng Geok
Published: May 2024

In0.17Al0.83N/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) using GaN‐on‐Insulator (GaNOI) technology via 200 mm wafer bonding technique is developed with good DC and RF performance and high fT/fmax. Measurements obtained from X‐Ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy have demonstrated a 5% reduction in “a lattice strain,” which results in the improvement of the sheet resistance (Rsh) from 301 to 284 Ω □−1. A 120 nm gate‐length device achieves a peak fT up to 96 GHz which yields a fT × Lg value of 11.5 GHz μm, which compares favorably with reported GaN‐based HEMTs on Si. These results demonstrate that GaNOI HEMT on Si is an attractive candidate for future mm‐wave applications. The implementation of GaNOI technology facilitates the integration of GaN devices into a chip alongside complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology that opens up the potential for integrated high‐power and RF applications, enabling more compact and efficient systems.
Non‐Markovian Cost Function for Quantum Error Mitigation
Authors: Ahn Doyeol , Park Byeongyong
Published: May 2024

In near‐term quantum computers like noisy intermediate‐scale quantum (NISQ) devices, reducing the impact of errors and decoherence is critical for practical implementation. Existing studies have primarily focused on Markovian noise sources; however, understanding the relationship between quantum error mitigation (QEM) and non‐Markovian noise sources is essential, as these effects are practically unavoidable in most solid‐state devices used for quantum computing. Here, a non‐Markovian model of quantum state evolution and a QEM cost function of controlled‐NOT (CNOT) gate operation are presented for NISQ devices interacting with an environment characterized by simple harmonic oscillators as a noise source. Using the projection operator formalism and both advanced and retarded propagators in time, the reduced‐density operator is derived for output quantum states in a time‐convolutionless form by solving the quantum Liouville equation. Output quantum state fluctuations are analyzed for identity and CNOT gate operations in two‐qubit operations across various input states and compare these results with experimental data from ion‐trap and superconducting quantum computing systems to estimate the key parameters of the QEM cost functions. These findings demonstrate that the QEM cost function increases as the coupling strength between the quantum system and its environment intensifies. This study highlights the significance of non‐Markovian models for understanding quantum state evolution and the practical implications of the QEM cost function in assessing experimental results from NISQ devices.
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided cryobiopsy for diagnosing a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Calari Teresa , Petrarulo Simone , Dubini Alessandra , Piciucchi Sara , Ravaglia Claudia , Poletti Venerino
Published: May 2024

EBUS‐TBNA has represented a revolution in the diagnosis of intrathoracic pathologies, particularly in lung cancer staging, replacing more invasive methods such as mediastinoscopy. However, its role in diagnosing rare benign or malignant mediastinal disorders is still a matter of debate. Over the past few years, the role of EBUS‐guided cryobiopsy has been increasingly emerging as an innovative and minimally invasive technique in diagnosing these disorders, with an excellent safety profile. In this case report, we present the case of a young man brought to our attention after already undergoing a non‐diagnostic trans thoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) procedure for lung consolidations. In our department, he underwent an initial EBUS‐TBNA procedure with inconclusive rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE), leading to the decision to perform an EBUS‐guided cryobiopsy, which yielded a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis without complications. This clinical case demonstrates that in specific contexts, EBUS‐cryobiopsy represents an excellent diagnostic tool.
Developing model‐based storytelling to share systemic insights to the public during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gordon Daniel , Mashayekhi Ali N. , Tomoaia‐Cotisel Andrada , Kim Hyunjung , Bahaddin Babak , Luna‐Reyes Luis F. , Andersen David F.
Published: May 2024

Communicating dynamic insights to a wide audience constitutes a long‐standing challenge among system dynamics modelers. We propose that telling stories is a compelling way of introducing feedback insights, as well as an understanding of how our individual decisions are linked to social behaviors in our day‐to‐day living. These decisions often involve moral and ethical trade‐offs. In this article, we use examples and heuristics to illustrate how the process of building a system dynamics model can drive a storytelling project. In a complimentary manner, the process of storytelling supports and enriches a model building project by exploring new dynamic hypotheses. © 2024 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
A Novel Fluorescent Probe containing dihydropyrimidinone Analogue for Highly Sensitive, Selective Detection of Al(III) Ions with its Molecular Docking, ADME/T and Anticancer Impact
Authors: El‐Nahass Marwa N. , Bakr Eman A. , Hamada Wafaa M. , Fayed Tarek A. , El‐Kemary Maged , Salem Maha M. , Noser Ahmed A.
Published: May 2024

In this investigation, a novel and promising chemosensor incorporating a dihydropyrimidinone moiety, namely; (E)‐4‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐5‐(3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl)‐6‐methyl‐3,4 dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one (DPDAD), has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The DPDAD chemosensor‘s response was evaluated in diverse solvents with varying polarities, shedding light on its solvatochromic behavior. The assessment of colorimetric and optical sensing attributes toward a range of metal ions such as Al(III), Cr(III), Mn II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) was undertaken. Notably, DPDAD displayed discernible color alterations upon interaction with all the examined metal ions, with a significant bathochromic shift observed in the absorption spectra in the presence of Al(III), distinguishing it from the other metal ions. Furthermore, through detailed absorption and emission spectral analyses, DPDAD exhibited remarkable selectivity, sensitivity, and an on‐off‐on switchable behavior specifically with Al(III) ions, over the other metal ions. The binding constant was determined as 0.39×105 M−1, accompanied by a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.03×10−5 M. Notably, the DPDAD′s potential extends beyond metal ion sensing; it was computationally assessed for its capability to inhibit the γ‐secretase enzyme. Moreover, DPDAD′s antioxidant attributes were probed, and its inhibitory effect against a range of cancer cell lines was verified in‐vitro.
Critical Effects of Insoluble Additives in Liquid Electrolytes for Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Zhu , Wang Kexuan , Li Heng , Wang Huibo , Ge Mingzheng , Zhang Yanyan , Tang Yuxin , Chen Shi
Published: May 2024

Rechargeable metal batteries have received widespread attention due to their high energy density by using pure metal as the anode. However, there are still many fundamental problems that need to be solved before approaching practical applications. The critical ones are low charge/discharge current due to slow ion transport, short cycle lifetime due to poor anode/cathode stability, and unsatisfied battery safety. To tackle these problems, various strategies have been suggested. Among them, electrolyte additive is one of the most widely used strategies. Most of the additives currently studied are soluble, but their reliability is questionable, and they can easily affect the electrochemical process, causing unwanted battery performance decline. On the contrary, insoluble additives with excellent chemical stability, high mechanical strength, and dimensional tunability have attracted considerable research exploration recently. However, there is no timely review on insoluble additives in metal batteries yet. This review summarizes various functions of insoluble additives: ion transport modulation, metal anode protection, cathode amelioration, as well as battery safety enhancement. Future research directions and challenges for insoluble solid additives are also proposed. It is expected this review will stimulate inspiration and arouse extensive studies on further improvement in the overall performance of metal batteries.
Stimulus of Work Function on Electron Transfer Process of Intermetallic Nickel–Antimonide Toward Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Mariappan Vimal Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Pazhamalai Parthiban , Swaminathan Rajavarman , Kim Sang‐Jae
Published: May 2024

Engineering the intermetallic nanostructures as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is of great interest in green hydrogen production. However, a few non‐noble metals act as bifunctional electrocatalysts, exhibiting terrific HER and OER processes reported to date. Herein the intermetallic nickel–antimonide (Ni─Sb) dendritic nanostructure via cost‐effective electro‐co‐deposition method is designed and their bifunctional electrocatalytic property toward HER and OER is unrevealed. The designed Ni─Sb delivers a superior bifunctional activity in 1 m KOH electrolyte, with a shallow overpotential of ≈119 mV at ‐10 mA for HER and ≈200 mV at 50 mA for OER. The mechanism behind the excellent bifunctional property of Ni─Sb is discussed via “interfacial descriptor” with the aid of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). This study reveals the rate of electrocatalytic reaction depends on the energy required for electron and proton transfer from the catalyst's surface. It is noteworthy that the assembled Ni─Sb‐90 electrolyzer requires only a minuscule cell voltage of ≈1.46 V for water splitting, which is far superior to the art of commercial catalysts.
Gamifying software engineering subject to enhance the quality of knowledge
Authors: Aldalur Iñigo
Published: May 2024

Gamification has been widely used in education in recent years. Gamification has been proven to be a useful tool for students, as it motivates them and helps them to learn. The lack of motivation on the part of the students and their poor perception of the importance of software engineering has led to the definition of SESGA. This game has been designed and carried out on third year students of the computer science degree. SESGA has been designed for students to improve their knowledge of static code analysis, unit testing and Git. A software engineering project was carried out in groups, in which each of the students had to perform common software development tasks. The evaluation has measured the accomplishment, challenge, competence, guidance, immersion, playfulness and social involvement of SESGA obtaining remarkable results. It has also shown that SESGA has allowed students to have better academic results and the number of failures has decreased.
The Effect of Assam Silk Fibroin on the Bacterial Cellulose Cytocompatibility as the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Mahendra I. Putu , Astuti Yayuk
Published: May 2024

The growing interest in natural polymers for biomedical and tissue engineering has fueled the search for materials with superior mechanical and biological properties. Bacterial cellulose (BC) and silk fibroin (SF) emerge as promising candidates meeting these criteria. This study focuses on enhancing BC through high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) and subsequent functionalization with Assam silk fibroin (ASF) using an ex‐situ approach. Analysis via attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy confirms the successful integration of ASF into the HPH‐treated BC scaffold. The diffractogram of HPH‐BC/ASF indicates the prevalence of type I cellulose crystalline structures, with variations in lamellar and porous architecture based on component ratios. Mechanical testing, particularly the compressive test, reveals that the HPH‐BC/ASF formulation exhibits the highest compressive stress and modulus compared to other samples. Supplementary analyses, including swelling ratio and porosity measurements, support the superior compressive properties of HPH‐BC/ASF. Moreover, the cell viability of chondrocytes demonstrates compatibility with the BC‐based scaffold material. These findings underscore the potential applications of HPH‐BC and ASF in areas such as scaffolding for the development of extracellular matrix.
Exploring the potential of fly ash cenosphere—capric acid composite phase change material in concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Sivasubramani P. A. , Srisanthi V. G.
Published: May 2024

Increasing demand for energy globally, with the building sector being a significant contributor to energy consumption, is a major issue. To address this, efforts are being made to make buildings more energy efficient, including lowering the demand for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning to decrease energy demand. Phase change material (PCM) functions as a latent heat energy storage material that absorbs heat energy while transforming its phase from solid to liquid and then releases the heat energy when it transforms from liquid to solid state. Integrating PCM into building materials can considerably enhance their energy storage density. In this study, the potential of using fly ash cenosphere—capric acid (CeCA) composite PCM in concrete is evaluated. The mechanical, durability and thermal properties of the CeCA blended concrete were investigated. Furthermore, the CeCA‐concrete is enhanced with auxiliary cementitious substance, namely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The optimal proportion of CeCA was determined to ensure a balance of compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the CeCA blended concrete lowered with an increase in the percentage of CeCA. The thermal conductivity of the concrete specimen was lowered by 33.14% at a 25% incorporation of CeCA, resulting in improved thermal performance. The incorporation of GGBS has enhanced the mechanical and durability performance of CeCA‐Concrete. The optimal concrete specimen was found to be 25% CeCA +40% GGBS, which had greater thermal efficiency than the control specimen with similar strength performance. The findings were validated by field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of the concrete specimen.
The Different Ways in Which Subnational Political Authorities Engage with International Human Rights Treaties
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino
Published: May 2024

Engagement with human rights treaties occurs when the political authorities of a subnational unit try to understand an international treaty and intend to take policy measures to deal with it with a view to its (further) implementation. Our results indicate that there are three different ways in which political authorities engage with treaties: implementation-centred engagement, initiating engagement and embedded engagement. We base this typology on examples from our two case studies on the Istanbul Convention (IC) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), providing a granular understanding of what happens when subnational authorities commit to deal with a human rights treaty. At the end of this chapter, we discuss the conditions favouring and limiting the chances that the uses of treaties succeed in stimulating the engagement of political authorities and we offer a comparative outlook to distil similarities and differences in the patterns of engagement of subnational political authorities with the Istanbul Convention and the CRPD.
Towards a Contextualised Understanding of Human Rights Treaty Implementation
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers a synthesis of the arguments outlined in this book and discusses the main findings from the empirical study of the Swiss case. It appears that international law obligations do not impact the national level following a descending trajectory. Rather, they provide opportunities and constraints to a core group of subnational actors who use them to achieve their goals. These actors make the most of their agency and they can contribute to the engagement of political authorities with the treaties, ultimately enhancing local human rights protection. However, their contribution is specific and necessarily selective, and whether and how subnational political actors engage with human rights treaties is strongly shaped by favourable political conditions and institutional resources, whose absence is likely to undermine or at least strongly limit the process. Furthermore, in the last section of this chapter we sketch a new agenda for this area of research.
Empirical Approach
Authors: Klingebiel Stephan , Hartmann Flora L. , Madani Elisa , Paintner Jonas , Rohe Rebekka A. , Trebs Lisa , Wolk Teodor
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, we elaborate on our empirical focus. This requires an introduction to the debates around the impact and effectiveness of development cooperation. Additionally, we present what we call our sensitising concept, which offers a starting point for the design of our methods, and sets a direction for our explorative research process. In the last section of this chapter, we elaborate on our collaborative case study approach.
Superselection-resolved entanglement in lattice gauge theories: a tensor network approach
Authors: Feldman Noa , Knaute Johannes , Zohar Erez , Goldstein Moshe
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Lattice gauge theories (LGT) play a central role in modern physics, providing insights into high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum computation. Due to the nontrivial structure of the Hilbert space of LGT systems, entanglement in such systems is tricky to define. However, when one limits themselves to superselection-resolved entanglement, that is, entanglement corresponding to specific gauge symmetry sectors (commonly denoted as superselection sectors), this problem disappears, and the entanglement becomes well-defined. The study of superselection-resolved entanglement is interesting in LGT for an additional reason: when the gauge symmetry is strictly obeyed, superselection-resolved entanglement becomes the only distillable contribution to the entanglement. In our work, we study the behavior of superselection-resolved entanglement in LGT systems. We employ a tensor network construction for gauge-invariant systems as defined by Zohar and Burrello [1] and find that, in a vast range of cases, the leading term in superselection-resolved entanglement depends on the number of corners in the partition — corner-law entanglement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such a corner-law being observed in any lattice system.
ALPs, the on-shell way
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Grojean Christophe , Salla Gabriel M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study how the coupling between axion-like particles (ALPs) and matter can be obtained at the level of on-shell scattering amplitudes. We identify three conditions that allow us to compute amplitudes that correspond to shift-symmetric Lagrangians, at the level of operators with dimension 5 or higher, and we discuss how they relate and extend the Adler’s zero condition. These conditions are necessary to reduce the number of coefficients consistent with the little-group scaling to the one expected from the Lagrangian approach. We also show how our formalism easily explains that the dimension-5 interaction involving one ALP and two massless spin-1 bosons receive corrections from higher order operators only when the ALP has a non-vanishing mass. As a direct application of our results, we perform a phenomenological study of the inelastic scattering ℓ+ℓ− → ϕh (with ℓ± two charged leptons, ϕ the ALP and h the Higgs boson) for which, as a result of the structure of the 3-point and 4-point amplitudes, dimension-7 operators can dominate over the dimension-5 ones well before the energy reaches the cutoff of the theory.
Internal symmetries in Kaluza-Klein models
Authors: Baptista João
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The usual approach to Kaluza-Klein considers a spacetime of the form M4 × K and identifies the isometry group of $$ {g}_K^0 $$

g
K
0

, the internal vacuum metric, with the gauge group in four dimensions. In these notes we discuss a variant approach where part of the gauge group does not come from full isometries of $$ {g}_K^0 $$

g
K
0

, but instead comes from weaker internal symmetries that only preserve the Einstein-Hilbert action on K. Then the weaker symmetries are spontaneously broken by the choice of vacuum metric and generate massive gauge bosons within the Kaluza-Klein framework, with no need to introduce ad hoc Higgs fields. Using the language of Riemannian submersions, the classical mass of a gauge boson is calculated in terms of the Lie derivatives of $$ {g}_K^0 $$

g
K
0

. These massive bosons can be arbitrarily light and seem able to evade the standard no-go arguments against chiral fermionic interactions in Kaluza-Klein. As a second main theme, we also question the traditional assumption of a Kaluza-Klein vacuum represented by a product Einstein metric. This should not be true when that metric is unstable. In fact, we argue that the unravelling of the Einstein metric along certain instabilities is a desirable feature of the model, since it generates inflation and allows some metric components to change length scale. In the case of the Lie group K = SU(3), the unravelling of the bi-invariant metric along an unstable perturbation also breaks the isometry group from (SU(3) × SU(3))/ℤ3 down to (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6, the gauge group of the Standard Model. We briefly discuss possible ways to stabilize the internal metric after that first symmetry breaking and produce an electroweak symmetry breaking at a different mass scale.
Double winding condensate CFT
Authors: Halder Indranil , Jafferis Daniel L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We conjecture a two-dimensional conformal field theory built out of a linear dilaton and a compact βγ system deformed by winding condensates on each of the compact cycles. In particular, explicit expressions of the residues of the correlation functions are provided. As a worldsheet theory, it describes a stringy black hole in AdS3 (supported by the Kalb-Ramond flux) at the Hawking-Page temperature. It is expected to be connected to the Horowitz-Polchinski-like solution near the Hagedorn temperature of thermal AdS3 and Euclidean BTZ blackhole as we vary the temperature.
Non-invasive biomarkers prognostic of decompensation events in NASH cirrhosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Amoroso Mattia , Augustin Salvador , Moosmang Sven , Gashaw Isabella
Published: May 2024

Liver cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a life-threatening condition with increasing incidence world-wide. Although its symptoms are unspecific, it can lead to decompensation events such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal hemorrhage, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, an increased risk for cardiovascular events has been demonstrated in patients with NASH. Pharmacological treatments for NASH cirrhosis are not yet available, one of the reasons being the lack in surrogate endpoints available in clinical trials of NASH cirrhosis. The feasibility of non-invasive prognostic biomarkers makes them interesting candidates as possible surrogate endpoints if their change following treatment would result in better outcomes for patients in future clinical trials of NASH cirrhosis. In this systematic literature review, a summary of the available literature on the prognostic performance of non-invasive biomarkers in terms of cardiovascular events, liver-related events, and mortality is outlined. Due to the scarcity of data specific for NASH cirrhosis, this review includes studies on NAFLD whose evaluation focuses on cirrhosis. Our search strategy identified the following non-invasive biomarkers with prognostic value in studies of NASH patients: NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF™), BARD (BMI, AST/ALT (alanine aminotransferase) ratio, diabetes), Hepamet Fibrosis Score (HFS), liver enzymes (AST + ALT), alpha-fetoprotein, platelet count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) 2, miR-122, liver stiffness, MEFIB (liver stiffness measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) + FIB-4), and PNPLA3 GG genotype. The aim of the present systematic literature review is to provide the reader with a summary of the non-invasive biomarkers with prognostic value in NASH cirrhosis and give an evaluation of their utility as treatment monitoring biomarkers in future clinical trials.
Selection of questionnaires for clinical studies in orthopedics and trauma surgery
Authors: Wafaisade Arasch ,   the AGA Research Committee
Published: May 2024

In orthopedics the importance of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has increased enormously, not only clinically and academically but also with respect to health policy. Many such measurement instruments are available for several areas and joints, so that a uniform application of suitable PROMs is recommended for comparisons under scientific and clinical aspects. A PROM must fulfil certain scientific criteria (e.g., reliability, validity, and responsiveness), should be validated for the pathology of interest, and a validated translated version should be available for the respective language. Furthermore, data should be available to interpret results not only with respect to the statistical significance but also regarding their clinical relevance, e.g., the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).
Uncovering the impact of cultural heritage on economic growth: empirical evidence from Greek regions, 2000–2019
Authors: Kostakis Ioannis , Lolos Sarantis
Published: May 2024

This paper brings empirical evidence on the role of cultural heritage assets in promoting economic growth. The case of Greece at regional level over the period 2000–2019 is taken as an example, owing to important cultural heritage endowment. Economic growth is approached by formulating a neoclassical growth model augmented with a dynamic cultural heritage index. The relationship between economic growth and cultural heritage is examined through a heterogeneous and cross-correlated panel data analysis. The empirical results reveal a positive impact of cultural heritage endowment on economic growth. Also, a significant positive influence of physical capital and a negative impact of unemployment on the economy are evidenced. The conclusions drawn could be useful to regions and countries to upgrade their cultural heritage endowment to accelerate economic growth.
Unconventional approaches for chiral resolution
Authors: Malacarne Filippo , Grecchi Sara , Niamlaem Malinee , Bonczak Bartlomiej , Salinas Gerardo , Arnaboldi Serena
Published: May 2024

Chirality is a fundamental and ubiquitous property of nature involved in multiple fields of science. In particular, the possible resolution of the enantiomeric forms of a molecule is crucial in the pharmaceutical, food, and agrochemical industries. The search for efficient, broad-spectrum, and yet simple methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances is a current challenge. Enantioselective resolution methods rely on an asymmetric environment that allows the two antipodes of a chiral molecule to be distinguished. In addition to enantiomeric separation techniques, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, new promising approaches involving out-of-the-scheme synergistic effects between chiral selectors (CS) and external stimuli are emerging. This Trends article discusses different enantioselective mechanisms triggered by unconventional physicochemical stimuli for the design of avant-garde approaches that could offer novel perspectives in the field of chiral resolution.

Graphical abstract
The Effects of Aspirin dose in Children with Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease. Results from the Paediatric Study of Aspirin Efficacy using Diagnostic and Monitoring Tools (PAED-M)
Authors: Regan Irene E. , Cox Dermot , Kelleher Sean T. , McMahon Colin J.
Published: May 2024

The optimal dose of aspirin required in children with congenital and acquired heart disease is not known. The primary aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effects of aspirin dose on platelet inhibition. The secondary aim was to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of aspirin non-responsiveness. Measurements were by Thromboelastography with Platelet Mapping (TEGPM) only in children less than 2 years (y) of age with particular emphasis on the parameter known as maximum amplitude with arachidonic acid (MAAA) and using both TEGPM, and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) in children greater than 2 y. We prospectively studied 101 patients with congenital and acquired cardiac disease who were receiving empirical doses of aspirin for a minimum of 4 weeks but no other antiplatelet agents. Patients were stratified according to dose concentration and age. There was a trend toward lower age in patients with no response or semi-response to aspirin. All patients were considered responsive to aspirin in the higher-dose quartile (Q4) with a median dose of 4.72 (4.18–6.05) mg/kg/day suggesting that patients in this age group may require 5 mg/kg/day as an empirical dose. In children > 2 y, there was no significant difference in inhibition found in patients dosed at higher doses in Q3 versus Q4 suggesting that patients in this cohort are responsive with 3 mg/kg/day dose. The current practices may lead to reduced platelet inhibition in some children due to under-dosing or overdosing in others. In conclusion, younger children require higher doses of aspirin. Laboratory assessment is warranted in this population to mitigate against under and overdosing.
Das Menschenbild in der modernen Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Gatterer Gerald , Kogler Liselotte
Published: May 2024

Die moderne Verhaltenstherapie hat nun bereits ihre dritte oder auch vierte Welle, wobei das klassische „Lernmodell“ durch kognitive Prozesse und die Einbeziehung emotionaler und achtsamkeitsbasierter Modelle sowie die Integration (neuro‑)biologischer Prozesse und auch des Körpers (Körpergedächtnis) erweitert wurde. Insofern ist es wichtig, das „Menschenbild“ der modernen Verhaltenstherapie diesen Entwicklungen anzupassen. Das Verhalten und Erleben eines Menschen kann in der modernen Verhaltenstherapie als Zusammenspiel und Resultat von biologischen, psychologischen, (inklusive kognitiven, emotionalen, religiösen und ethisch moralischen) Prozessen, sowie sozialen und kontextuellen (Umweltbedingungen, Rahmenbedingungen des Verhaltens) Faktoren gesehen werden. Grundlage hierfür sind Lernprozesse auf allen Ebenen seit der Kindheit oder möglicherweise auch schon davor (Epigenetik), durch die eine Grundpersönlichkeit mit verschiedenen Kompetenzen entwickelt wird. Im Rahmen des weiteren Lebens erfolgen darauf aufbauende Entwicklungs‑, Anpassungs- und Adaptationsprozesse bzw. die Auseinandersetzung mit und die Verarbeitung von Lebenskrisen und Veränderungen. Psychische Probleme entstehen nach diesem Modell, wie andere Verhaltensweisen, aufgrund von Lernprozessen. Therapie baut deshalb auf der Analyse dieser Faktoren und deren Veränderung durch neue multifaktorielle Lernprozesse auf.
The use of telehealth in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a survey of parents and caregivers
Authors: Galvin Emer , Gavin Blánaid , Kilbride Ken , Desselle Shane , McNicholas Fiona , Cullinan Shane , Hayden John
Published: May 2024

The use of telehealth became widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in child and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) services. Telehealth is defined as live, synchronous phone and video appointments between a healthcare provider and a parent and/or child with ADHD. There is a dearth of research on the use of telehealth within this population. The aim of this study was to examine parents’ and caregivers’ perceptions of telehealth for children and adolescents with ADHD. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Recruitment of parents and caregivers of children and adolescents with ADHD was conducted online. The survey asked participants about their views of telehealth, previous experience, and willingness to use telehealth. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. One hundred and twelve respondents participated in the survey. Participants were mostly female (n = 97, 86.6%) and aged between 45 and 54 (n = 64, 57.1%). Of the 61 (54.5%) participants with experience of telehealth, the majority reported that that they were at least satisfied with telehealth visits (n = 36, 59%), whilst approximately half rated their quality more poorly than in-person visits (n = 31, 50.8%). The majority of respondents (n = 91, 81.3%) reported that they would be willing to use telehealth for their child’s future appointments. Most common reasons selected for wanting to use telehealth included saving time, improvements to the family routine, and reducing costs. Reasons selected for not wanting to use telehealth included not being able to receive hands-on care, belief that the quality of care is poorer than in-person consultations, and distraction of the child during telehealth visits. The study demonstrates that parents recognise deficits and benefits of telehealth, suggesting a need to build their trust and confidence in remote ADHD care.
2023 Japan Society of clinical oncology clinical practice guidelines update for antiemesis
Authors: Iihara Hirotoshi , Abe Masakazu , Wada Makoto , Iino Keiko , Akechi Tatsuo , Imamura Chiyo K. , Okuyama Ayako , Ozawa Keiko , Kim Yong-Il , Sasaki Hidenori , Satomi Eriko , Takeda Masayuki , Tanaka Ryuhei , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Nakamura Naoki , Nishimura Junichi , Noda Mayumi , Hayashi Kazumi , Higashi Takahiro , Boku Narikazu , Matsumoto Koji , Matsumoto Yoko , Okita Kenji , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Aogi Kenjiro
Published: May 2024

Background

The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 was extensively revised to reflect the latest advances in antineoplastic agents, antiemetics, and antineoplastic regimens. This update provides new evidence on the efficacy of antiemetic regimens.

Methods

Guided by the Minds Clinical Practice Guideline Development Manual of 2017, a rigorous approach was used to update the guidelines; a thorough literature search was conducted from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2020.

Results

Comprehensive process resulted in the creation of 13 background questions (BQs), 12 clinical questions (CQs), and three future research questions (FQs). Moreover, the emetic risk classification was also updated.

Conclusions

The primary goal of the present guidelines is to provide comprehensive information and facilitate informed decision-making, regarding antiemetic therapy, for both patients and healthcare providers.
A reduced order model formulation for left atrium flow: an atrial fibrillation case
Authors: Balzotti Caterina , Siena Pierfrancesco , Girfoglio Michele , Stabile Giovanni , Dueñas-Pamplona Jorge , Sierra-Pallares José , Amat-Santos Ignacio , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: May 2024

A data-driven reduced order model (ROM) based on a proper orthogonal decomposition-radial basis function (POD-RBF) approach is adopted in this paper for the analysis of blood flow dynamics in a patient-specific case of atrial fibrillation (AF). The full order model (FOM) is represented by incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, discretized with a finite volume (FV) approach. Both the Newtonian and the Casson’s constitutive laws are employed. The aim is to build a computational tool able to efficiently and accurately reconstruct the patterns of relevant hemodynamics indices related to the stasis of the blood in a physical parametrization framework including the cardiac output in the Newtonian case and also the plasma viscosity and the hematocrit in the non-Newtonian one. Many FOM-ROM comparisons are shown to analyze the performance of our approach as regards errors and computational speed-up.
Preliminary assessment of river ecosystem services in the volcanic area of Mount Merapi, Indonesia
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Dede Moh. , Wibowo Sandy Budi , Prasetyo Yudo , Astari Annisa Joviani , Lukman Lukman , Lavigne Franck , Gomez Christopher , Nurani Idea Wening , Sakai Yuichi , Kamarudin Mohd Khairul Amri
Published: May 2024

River ecosystem services (RES) are vulnerable to landscape changes mainly by volcanic eruptions. Therefore, this study aims to assess RES in the volcanic area which was affected by the major and minor eruptions of Mount Merapi, Indonesia. The RES referred to the regulating and supporting services of the Krasak River in Jogjakarta. The research involved collecting water and biodiversity samples from two distinct Merapi’s hazard zones (KRB I and KRB II) along the river. Parameters related to regulating services, such as particulate, organic, and nutrient purification, biological control, as well as supporting services like primary productivity, were quantified. We conducted an analysis to understand how landscape conditions interacted with these parameters and employed the t-test to assess differences in RES between the two KRBs. Our findings revealed that the Krasak River exhibited a range of values, including 2.40–5.95 mg/l for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), 0.61–3.41 mg/l for nitrate, 0.02–0.11 mg/l for phosphate, 160–60,000 MPN/100 ml for coliform, and 156.3–937 µg/l for chlorophyll-A. These values demonstrated the river’s capacity to perform both regulation and support services. However, certain segments showed variations in ecosystem services, possibly due to the presence of autochthonous matter from aquatic organisms and decomposing organic matters. This showed that volcanic eruption and landscape are closely linked with the water quality and aquatic biodiversity, which affect the ecosystem services.
Basic science knowledge underlies clinical science knowledge and clinical problem solving: evidence from veterinary medicine
Authors: Danielson Jared A. , Burzette Rebecca G. , Bailey Misty R. , Berent Linda M. , Case Heather , Casey-Reed Anita , Dascanio John , Feinberg Richard A. , Hancock Tamara S. , Kirk Claudia A.
Published: May 2024

Medical sciences education emphasizes basic science learning as a prerequisite to clinical learning. Studies exploring relationships between achievement in the basic sciences and subsequent achievement in the clinical sciences generally suggest a significant positive relationship. Basic science knowledge and clinical experience are theorized to combine to form encapsulated knowledge– a dynamic mix of information that is useful for solving clinical problems. This study explores the relationship between basic science knowledge (BSK), clinical science knowledge (CSK), and clinical problem-solving ability, as measured within the context of four veterinary colleges using both college-specific measures and professionally validated, standardized measures of basic and clinical science knowledge and problem-solving ability. Significant correlations existed among all variables. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to produce models showing that newly acquired BSK directly and significantly predicted BSK retained over time and newly acquired CSK, as well as indirectly predicted clinical problem-solving ability (mediated by newly acquired CSK and BSK retained over time). These findings likely suggest a gradual development of schema (encapsulated knowledge) and not an isolated development of biomedical versus clinical knowledge over time. A broader implication of these results is that explicitly teaching basic science knowledge positively and durably affects subsequent clinical knowledge and problem-solving ability independent of instructional strategy or curricular approach. Furthermore, for veterinary colleges specifically, student performance as measured by both course-level and standardized tests are likely to prove useful for predicting subsequent academic achievement in classroom and clinical settings, licensing examination performance, and/or for identifying students likely in need of remediation in clinical knowledge.