bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МЕТОД РОБАСТНО УСТОЙЧИВОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ГРУППЫ МОБИЛЬНЫХ РОБОТОВ С «ЛИДЕРОМ» ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ МОНИТОРИНГА И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ОПАСНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И БЕРЕГОВОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Капустян С.Г. , Орда-Жигулина М.В. , Орда-Жигулина Д.В.
Published: July 2021

В настоящее время актуальным является вопрос разработки научных основ применения технологий цифровой экономики для систем мониторинга и прогнозирования опасных процессов и обеспечения безопасности населения и береговой инфраструктуры и воплощение теоретических принципов мониторинга для водных экосистем, которые бы включали как классические натурные наблюдения, так и новые технологии бесконтактного мониторинга. Для решения указанного вопроса в части улучшения характеристик надежности и «открытости» систем разработана структура децентрализованной распределенной системы без иерархической подчиненности, а также методы и алгоритмы функционирования распределенной сети датчиков и мобильного робототехнического комплекса (МРК), которые являются частью данной системы. МРК позволяет осуществлять сбор данных о состоянии окружающей среды средствами бортовых сенсорных подсистем и сбор данных, накопленных телекоммуникационно изолированными фрагментами распределенной сети интеллектуальных датчиков в удаленных и труднодоступных местах, использующих распределенные вычисления и элементы концепции туманных вычислений. Эффективность предложенной модели МРК, методов и алгоритмов достигается за счет применения системы управления, многомерное цифровое устройство управления которой имеет достаточно высокий порядок. Алгоритмы вычисления значений управляющих воздействий получены с применением декомпозирующего управления и метода аналитического синтеза систем с управлением по выходу и воздействиям. Свойство робастности к отклонениям неопределенных запаздываний в каналах связи каждого МРК с «лидером» достигается за счет использования свойства предложенных полиномиальных уравнений управления. Предложенные методы и алгоритмы могут применяться при создании цифровых систем управления как одномерными, так и многомерными объектами, в частности мультиробототехническими комплексами, которые могут применяться для размещения датчиков систем мониторинга и диагностики.
ROLE OF MUDGA AND KWATHITA SHEETA JALA (BOILED AND COOLED WATER) AS A PATHYA AAHAR WITH YOGA MODALITIES IN AMLAPITTA
Authors: Chandrakar Yashwant Kumar , Sharma Anita , Ojha Aruna , Suryavanshi Pradeep , Chandravanshi Lowkesh
Published: July 2021

The key intends of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of healthy persons and make well the ill health of the diseased person. In Swasthavritta it has been clearly mentioned about Hitakara ahara-vihara and Yoga for healthy life. Amlapitta is a very common disease of Annavaha srotas. In present time a huge population is highly affected from Amlapitta due to unhealthy food habits, mental stress, and inactive life style. This paper investigates the effect of Mudga and Kwathita Sheeta Jala (Boiled and cooled water) as a Pathya- ahara and Yoga modalities in Amlapitta. Furthermore, the combined effect of Mudga, Kwathita Sheeta Jala and Yoga modalities in Amlapitta has also studied. In this present study, 60 patients were assigned into three Group A, B and C (20 patients in each group). All the general observations and results with statistical data of 20 patients of each group were illustrated in the form of tables and graphs. In this study, the therapy of Group C shows better result than Group A and Group B. Hence, Mudga Yusha and Kwathita Sheeta Jala (boiled and cooled water) along with Yoga modalities is more effective to control Amlapitta disease.
ROLE OF GUDUCHI TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA (WILLD) MIERS. IN COUNTERACTING THE ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS INDUCED BY ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS
Authors: Sri Mamatha S , Jayashree K S
Published: July 2021

In the present scenario psychosomatic stressful situation is been increasing which has resulted in increased incidence in Psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of all mental disorders was observed to be 65.4 per 1000 population. In 2017, 197.3 million people had mental disorders in India, including 45.7 million with depressive disorders and 44.9 million with anxiety disorders. Depression and other mood disorders need long term treatment. Among antidepressants SSRI group of drugs are more frequently advocated followed by Tricyclics. Due to long term medications, patients often complaints of adverse drug reactions which many times leads to discontinuation of treatment. In this study Guduchi was chosen to address the ADRs induced by antidepressant drugs at GI level. It was a randomized single blind comparative clinical study, where 40 volunteers undergoing antidepressant treatment and have developed ADRs were selected. Subjects were randomly assigned into two group A and B with 20 patients each. Guduchi Rasakriya 1 gram in divided dose was given to group A and symptomatic conventional treatment to group B. It was observed that Guduchi was effective in major number of problems raised in GIT like Dryness of mouth, Gastric irritation, Nausea, Anorexia, Loose stools. In this clinical study Guduchi ghanasara (rasakriya) exhibited significant response in adverse drug reactions at the level of GIT induced by Antidepressant drugs (SSRI and Tricyclics) when compared to conventional symptomatic treatment.
INCIDENCE OF CONSANGUINITY IN INDIAN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: A SURVEY STUDY
Authors: HA Rashmi , U Shailaja , Rao Prasanna N
Published: July 2021

Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder. Cerebral palsy is 2.5 times higher in consanguineous marriage due to autosomal recessive transmission. In India, the estimated incidence is 3 per 1000 live births. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of consanguinity in children with cerebral palsy and measures taken to create awareness. A survey study in the form of semi structured interview was conducted by eliciting the history from the parents of 50 cerebral palsy children in Hassan, Bangalore and Udupi within the period of 3 months using pretested questionnaires, where cerebral palsy patient’s cases were taken and symptoms, age of their parents, presence of consanguinity and its degree were noted and compared with other neurological and genetic conditions to exclude them. Thus obtained results were tabulated and analysis is done by statistical method. It was found that, the incidence rate of consanguinity in children with Cerebral palsy is 18%. And 22% of cases presented with dysmorphism, which suggests multiple genetic factors in the form of autosomal recessive gene mutation contributing for Cerebral palsy. Findings suggests that the incidence rate of consanguinity in children with Cerebral palsy is 18% those children also presented with dysmorphism, so when these two are taken into consideration we can conclude that consanguinity as a risk factor for cerebral palsy.
A REVIEW ON PLANT PROFILE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS FRUIT
Authors: Salomi Purilla , Prasanna Sabella Venkata , Naveen Rayadurgam , Ramya Durgesam , Haritha Challa
Published: July 2021

The dragon fruit is a relatively new super fruit on the Indian market. Because of its appealing fruit colour and mouth-watering pulp with edible black seed imbedded within the pulp, nutraceutical value, excellent export potential, and highly remunerative in nature, it is gaining tremendous popularity among growers. It produces yield from 14-16 months after stem cutting and yield up to 20 years. This review summarizes the phytochemicals which are present in Hylocereus undatus are: Proteins, Steroids, Carbohydrates, alkaloids, Phenolic Compounds, Tannins, Flavonoid’s and Saponins, and pharmacological aspects of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) are: Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Cancer Activity, Anti- Microbial Activity, Cardio Protective Activity, Pre-biotic Activity.
A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON PHASEOLUS VULGARIS
Authors: Padmavathi Bolisetty , Babu A Narendra , Naveen R , Kiranmai K , Prameel V Naga Sai
Published: July 2021

Natural medicine plays a significant role in pharmaceutical industry. Phaseolus vulgaris L is a naturally available plant which is very frequently used in our daily life. Phaseolus vulgaris L is commonly known as bean; is an annual leguminous plant, belonging to family Fabaceae. Phaseolus vulgaris L is highly nutritious, easily and cheaply available. It is indigenous to central and South America. Phaseolus vulgaris L has wide number of uses due to its high content of phytochemical constituents. Flavonoids are responsible for its wide range of uses like antioxidant and neuroprotection. Phaseolus vulgaris L is most commonly taken by mouth for weight loss and obesity. It is also commonly taken for treatment of diabetes. The seed is diuretic, hypotensive and also used in the treatment of cancer of the blood. The present review reveals nutritional values, geographical conditions, propagation, collection and cultivation, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Phaseolus vulgaris L.
KSHARAKARMA IN SHALAKYA TANTRA: A REVIEW
Authors: Sahu Shifali , Hiremath V R , K Shashikala , N Gururaj
Published: July 2021

Kshara is one of the Ayurvedic modalities used from the ancient period for the treatment of various diseases. Acharya Sushruta who is worshipped as the "Father of Surgery" is the pioneer of Kshara Kalpana. Kshara karma is important among all the "Anushastra karma". It is multifunctional hence advised in several urdhwajatrugata vikaras according to stage and predominance of Doshas. Kshara application is the best one, taking into consideration of its convenience, easy adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and curative. It also has mild postoperative pain, no bleeding, minimum hospitalization and fewer chances of recurrence. The correct way of adopting the procedure has been considered as wealth and a strong weapon in the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. There is a need of adopting such Para surgical procedures, doing research works, and popularize it in Shalakya practice for effective management and cure of the urdhawavikaras.
CRITICAL INSIGHT IN CONCEPT OF TRIGUNA: A REVIEW
Authors: Sandhya M R , Vinodkumar M V
Published: July 2021

Theory of Triguna, originally explained in Sankhya Darshana and accepted in Ayurveda, says that the whole universe is composed of three major attributes namely Satwa, Raja and Tama. The living being, with its physique and psyche, represents the universe, hence, is made up of these three major attributes. The relationship of triguna with Panchamahabhuta, Tridosha and Shadchakra are already studied. Transactional analysis and triguna are inter-related. Basic emotions of human beings are love, hatred and fear. They generate need, action and confusion. These three qualities are interdependent, complementary and antagonistic at the same time. Wellness of human beings incorporates eight mutually interdependent dimensions. All these dimensions cannot be satisfied by a personality with a single guna, but a combination of Satwa, Raja and Tamo guna play here. Similarly multiple intelligences in a person depend on the predominant guna present in them. By understanding and promoting the multiple intelligences in a person helps to shine them in their own world. This paper is a prime attempt to put light on the concept of triguna.
A Nexus between Capital Adequacy and Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks
Authors: Abubakar Aminu
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the impact of capital adequacy on corporate profitability of selected Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) listed on the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX Limited) from 2005 – 2014. The paper is carried out based on the historical panel data analysis. To achieve this objective; an ex-post factor research design was employed. Descriptive statistics as well as fixed-effect and random-effect Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression techniques were used as tools of data analysis. The paper made a modest contribution to the existing body of knowledge as most of the studies done in Nigeria and at international arena were not looking at the regulatory standards or benchmark to assess the capital adequacy and its impact on the profitability performance of banks. However, the bases used to evaluate the impact of capital adequacy on the profitability at times vary with the regulatory rating standards. The findings established that capital adequacy has insignificant positive effect on the DMBs’ profitability proxies represented by ROA and ROE. It was concluded that capital adequacy does not have significant impact on the profitability of the listed DMBs in Nigeria. The paper recommends that DMBs should ensure strict compliance with the benchmark for capital adequacy set by both the CBN and the Basel since they go a long way in improving their performance.
Stock Market Prediction on High-Frequency Data Using ANN
Authors: Nova Arafat Jahan , Mim Zahada Qurashi , Rowshan Sanjida , Islam Md. Riad Ul , Nurullah Md , Biswas Milon
Published: July 2021

A stock market is a place where company shares are traded to the stockbrokers. Stock price prediction is one of the most challenging problems as a high level of accuracy is the key factor in predicting a stock market. Many methods are used to predict the price in the stock market but none of those methods are proved as a consistently acceptable prediction tool due to its volatile nature. In this paper, we proposed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique because ANN can generalize and predict data after learning and analyzing from the initial inputs and their relationships. We used feed forward network and backward propagation algorithm to predict stock prices. In this paper, we introduced a method that can find out the future value of stock prices in a particular day based on some input using ANN back propagation algorithm.
Cost Implications of Equipment Failures Using Life Cost Based Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) on 365KVA Caterpillar Generator
Authors: Emughedi Oghu
Published: July 2021

Equipment failures have implication on financial sustainability of the organization. This showcase the fact that equipment failures have cost implications and there is need to convert failures using Failure Modes and Effect Analysis, FMEA numerical analysis of 3parameters of severity, occurrence and detection that resulted to Risk Priority Number (RPN). The formula used in analyzing the results includes labour cost, material cost and opportunity cost. The labour cost is equals to the occurrence {[Delay Time.Labor rate.no of Operators]} plus [Fixing Time. Labor rate.no of Maintenance of personnel. Quantity] + [Detection Time. Labor rate no of Operators]}. Material Cost is equals to the occurrence x Quantity of parts to replace x Cost of Part. Opportunity Cost is equals to the Loss Time x Hourly Opportunity Cost. Loss Time is equals to the {Detection Time + Fixing Time + Delay Time}. This researched have proven that since installation of 365kva caterpillar generator in NNPC Lokoja that every time the generator failed to run, we can easily calculate the cost of labour, material to replace failed parts and opportunity cost of those idle times of failed production. Using the concept of FMEA, Failure Modes, Effects Analysis which produces Risk Priority Number (RPN) that is being computed by multiplying severity, occurrence and detection in which occurrence was gotten from equipment history card and logbooks since year 2005 when the installation of 365kva caterpillar generator was made till date. Likert questionnaires from industry experts were collated and Delphi method used to arrive accepted severity and detection to aid in the analysis. Millions of naira are being lost whenever equipment failures occurs and engineers from all fields, should always carry out root cause analysis whenever equipment failure occurs in order to prevent further occurrence.
Voice User Interface-Based Artificial Intelligence enables Child Daycare Assistance System Framework
Authors: Vartak Vaidehi , Ranade Pranita , Goswami Tanmoy
Published: July 2021

Daycare is a child-care alternative that permits guardians to drop off their kids during the day for care, management, and learning. Significantly, kids who participate in early child-care programs will be more beneficial and more fruitful in school. Child-care educators can share assets, thoughts and even get together in a nearby play area. Each parent has an alternate thought of what they need for their kids. There are various sorts of child-care offerings, Private child-care chains: An organization normally runs these as establishments, Private or independent nurseries: These are controlled by people or a group of people, home-based child-care: In India, this is a typical type of child-care, most of the time run by homemakers, Daycares connected to schools: Certain schools may decide to set up child-care appended to their school, Workplace childcares: Companies now and again have nearby child-care for youngsters. Several companies offer onsite child care support for their employees. Few organizations are Google, Johnson and Johnson, Boeing, Nike, Procter, Gamble, etc. Parents have the main concern that they want to know how their child is doing while they are away. Are their child's needs being met? Are they being heard when sharing important details about their child's care? Can they reach the facility at any time, and can staff reach parents regardless of where they are during the day? A central communication hub can help parents communicate important information such as dietary restrictions or special drop-off or pick-up instructions to address all these above concerns. Also, touch-free devices that would allow teachers to communicate hands-free, leaving them to focus on their most important task caring for children, require the hour. In this paper, a framework of voice user interface-based AI enables child daycare assistance system has been proposed that reviewed by baby sitters and parents.
Addressing the Burden of Non-communicable Diseases: Saudi Arabia’s Challenges in Achieving Vision 2030
Authors: Albejaidi Fahad , Nair Kesavan Sreekantan
Published: July 2021

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose critical challenges in achieving Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. This paper provides an overview of NCDs in Saudi Arabia and identifies various critical issues and challenges in reducing the burden of NCDs. All relevant data for this paper was extracted from existing published literature in various database including Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. Google Scholar search engine was used to identify papers and reports on relevant literature published after the year 2000. NCDs account for about 73% of all deaths in Saudi Arabia. Deaths due to cardiovascular diseases account for 37% of all deaths, cancers 10%, diabetes mellitus 3% and other NCDs cause 20% of all deaths. Economic costs of NCDs likely to increase with the undesirable life style of youths and increasing share of old population. Further, the shortage of local health workforce, lack of primary health care focus and covid-19 pandemic are likely to affect the government efforts to prevent and control NCDs. Ministry of Health (MOH) needs to play a catalyst role in raising awareness of population through multi-sectoral linkages and policies to reduce the exposure to NCD risk factors. There is a need to review all relevant policy documents to ensure consistency of these policies with prevention and control measures of NCDs.
Study of Effect of Nitrosamine Stress in Progression of Leprosy
Authors: Kadam Anita D. , Khopade Dipali M.
Published: July 2021

Objective: In several countries, including India, leprosy is an older disease & till now continues to be an important health issue. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease, the contributing agent for this is mycobacterium leprae. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in immunity to fight against bacteria. But increased NO can harm host tissue by causing altered structure of thiol-containing compounds, which is a significant event that influences the pathogenesis of leprosy. Considering this, the study was planned to determine the type of relationship between NO, nitrothiols, and thiols as disease advances.

Methods: 50 newly diagnosed leprosy patients & 50 healthy controls were included in the study. In the leprosy group,16 were Paucibacillary (PB), and 34 were Multibacillary (MB) type, leprosy patients.

Results: Serum NO and serum nitrothiol significantly increased (p<0.01) in leprosy patients than controls. Further, Serum NO and serum nitrothiol significantly increased (p<0.01) in MB leprosy patients than PB leprosy patients. On the other hand, we found a significantly decreased (p<0.01) level of total thiols in leprosy patients compared with controls. Serum thiols  significantly decreased (p<0.01) in MB leprosy patients than PB leprosy patients. Among Both leprosy patients, the negative correlation of NO with thiol and nitrothiol with thiols was observed.

Conclusion: Thus, in leprosy, increased nitric oxide causes modification of thiol groups of proteins and impaired their activity which may be responsible for the severity of disease; hence therapy aimed to reduce nitrosative modification of proteins leprosy.
Acute Polyhydromnios: A Rare Entity
Authors: Chaurasia Tanvi , Shrivastava Deepti , Agarwal Himanshi , Chaurasia Geeta
Published: July 2021

Acute Polyhydramnios is defined as accumulation of amniotic fluid rapidly complicating approximately 0.2 TO 1.6% of all pregnancies, whereas gestational diabetes (GD) is glucose intolerance in pregnant women, a major health issue in pregnant women. The prevalence rate of glucose intolerance in pregnant women is between 4.6%–14% in well developed areas and 1.7%–13.2% in rural areas. Pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) have been associated with higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (11.7%), gestational hypertension (9.3%), preeclampsia (4.0%), ICP (11.8%), placenta previa (7.1%), placental abruption (1.6%), PROM (9.9%), placental adherence (7.7%), postpartum haemorrhage (7.3%), and polyhydramnios (2.2%), as compared to spontaneously conceived pregnancies.

Case Description: A 35 years primigravida, 33 weeks gestational age with IVF conception with preeclampsia with breech came with pain in abdomen since 2-3days.On clinical examination, polyhydramnios was diagnosed. On admission she presented with deranged sugar level which was abnormal and sudden rise in Glycosylated hemoglobin seen. Patient was managed conservatively by termination of pregnancy and successful outcome of pregnancy was obtained despite of liquor more than adequate and deranged sugar levels.

Objectives: We examined the routine antenatal profile, radiological changes as well as doppler changes in IVF conceived pregnancies and further management on the basis of clinical, haematological and radiological investigations will be planned accordingly.

Conclusion: Acute polyhydramnios and Gestational diabetes is common in patients conceived through in vitro fertilisation and is associated with poor foe to maternal outcome. Regular antenatal investigations and radiological investigations done to keep her pregnancy in check and reduce the long term effects by modifying treatment modality and by following healthy lifestyles in such patients.
Vesicle capture by membrane‐bound Munc13‐1 requires self‐assembly into discrete clusters
Authors: Li Feng , Kalyana Sundaram Ramalingam Venkat , Gatta Alberto T. , Coleman Jeff , Ramakrishnan Sathish , Krishnakumar Shyam S. , Pincet Frederic , Rothman James E.
Published: July 2021

Munc13‐1 is a large banana‐shaped soluble protein that is involved in the regulation of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. Recent studies suggest that multiple copies of Munc13‐1 form nano‐assemblies in active zones of neurons. However, it is not known whether such clustering of Munc13‐1 is correlated with multivalent binding to synaptic vesicles or specific plasma membrane domains at docking sites in the active zone. The functional significance of putative Munc13‐1 clustering is also unknown. Here, we report that nano‐clustering is an inherent property of Munc13‐1 and is indeed required for vesicle binding to bilayers containing Munc13‐1. Purified Munc13‐1 protein reconstituted onto supported lipid bilayers assembled into clusters containing from 2 to ˜ 20 copies as revealed by a combination of quantitative TIRF microscopy and step‐wise photobleaching. Surprisingly, only clusters containing a minimum of 6 copies of Munc13‐1 were capable of efficiently capturing and retaining small unilamellar vesicles. The C‐terminal C2C domain of Munc13‐1 is not required for Munc13‐1 clustering, but is required for efficient vesicle capture. This capture is largely due to a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the C2C domain and the vesicle membrane.
Filtering‐based recursive least squares estimation approaches for multivariate equation‐error systems by using the multiinnovation theory
Authors: Ma Ping , Wang Lei
Published: July 2021

This article researches the filtering‐based parameter estimation issues for a class of multivariate control systems with colored noise. A filtering‐based recursive generalized extended least squares algorithm is derived, in which the data filtering technique is used for transforming the original system into two subidentification systems and the least squares principle is used for estimating parameters of these two subsystems. Furthermore, in order to improve the parameter estimation accuracy, the multiinnovation theory is added for deducing a filtering‐based multiinnovation recursive generalized extended least squares algorithm. The numerical example confirms that these two proposed algorithms are effective.
Phenomenon of Whiskers Formation in Al2O3−C Refractories
Authors: Wei Xingwen , Yehorov Anton , Storti Enrico , Dudczig Steffen , Fabrichnaya Olga , Aneziris Christos G. , Volkova Olena
Published: July 2021

Pure alumina (Al2O3) and carbon‐bonded alumina (Al2O3−C) are used to investigate their interaction with iron (Armco) at 1625 °C, applying the sessile drop method. The investigations are conducted inside a heating microscope for 1 h under argon atmosphere with low oxygen partial pressure. No whiskers formation is observed from the experiments with pure Al2O3 and molten iron. In the case of Al2O3−C/Fe system, several phenomena including the decarburization of Al2O3−C, Al2O3−C dissolution in molten iron, Al2O3 layer formation on the iron droplet, and Al2O3 whiskers formation are observed. To clarify the possible influence of iron on Al2O3 whiskers formation, blank Al2O3−C samples without the presence of iron are heated and held in a half‐sealed platinum crucible at 1550 °C for 2 h. Thereby, the Al2O3 whiskers formation is detected. Finally, the experimental investigations are supported with thermodynamic simulations.
Substance P/Heparin‐Conjugated PLCL Mitigate Acute Gliosis on Neural Implants and Improve Neuronal Regeneration via Recruitment of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Donghak , Park DoYeun , Kim Tae Hee , Chung Justin J. , Jung Youngmee , Kim Soo Hyun
Published: July 2021

The inflammatory host tissue response, characterized by gliosis and neuronal death at the neural interface, limits signal transmission and longevity of the neural probe. Substance P induces an anti‐inflammatory response and neuronal regeneration and recruits endogenous stem cells. Heparin prevents nonspecific protein adsorption, suppresses the inflammatory response, and is beneficial to neuronal behavior. Poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) is a soft and flexible polymer, and PLCL covalently conjugated with biomolecules has been widely used in tissue engineering. Coatings of heparin‐conjugated PLCL (Hep‐PLCL), substance P‐conjugated PLCL (SP‐PLCL), and heparin/substance P‐conjugated PLCL (Hep/SP‐PLCL) reduced the adhesion of astrocytes and fibroblasts and improved neuronal adhesion and neurite development compared to bare glass. The effects of these coatings are evaluated using immunohistochemistry analysis after implantation of coated stainless steel probes in rat brain for 1 week. In particular, Hep/SP‐PLCL coating reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes, the neuronal degeneration caused by inflammation, and indicated a potential for neuronal regeneration at the tissue–device interface. Suppression of the acute host tissue response by coating Hep/SP‐PLCL could lead to improved functionality of the neural prosthesis.
Highly Efficient Far‐Red/NIR‐Absorbing Neutral Ir(III) Complex Micelles for Potent Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Bingqing , Jiao Jian , Xu Wan , Zhang Miya , Cui Peng , Guo Zhengqing , Deng Yibin , Chen Huabing , Sun Wenfang
Published: July 2021

A critical issue in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumors, causing inevitable survival of tumor cells that usually results in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Existing photosensitizers frequently suffer from relatively low light‐to‐ROS conversion efficiency with far‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) light excitation due to low‐lying excited states that lead to rapid non‐radiative decays. Here, a neutral Ir(III) complex bearing distyryl boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY‐Ir) is reported to efficiently produce both ROS and hyperthermia upon far‐red light activation for potentiating in vivo tumor suppression through micellization of BODIPY‐Ir to form “Micelle‐Ir”. BODIPY‐Ir absorbs strongly at 550–750 nm with a band maximum at 685 nm, and possesses a long‐lived triplet excited state with sufficient non‐radiative decays. Upon micellization, BODIPY‐Ir forms J‐type aggregates within Micelle‐Ir, which boosts both singlet oxygen generation and the photothermal effect through the high molar extinction coefficient and amplification of light‐to‐ROS/heat conversion, causing severe cell apoptosis. Bifunctional Micelle‐Ir that accumulates in tumors completely destroys orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors via synergistic PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) damage under light irradiation, and enables remarkable suppression of metastatic nodules in the lungs, together without significant dark cytotoxicity. The present study offers an emerging approach to develop far‐red/NIR photosensitizers toward potent cancer therapy.
Cholesteric Soft Matter Molded Helical Photonic Architecture toward Volatility Monitoring of Organic Solvent
Authors: Shen Ning , Hu Mengting , Wang Xiao-Qian , Sun Pei-Zhi , Yuan Cong-Long , Liu Binghui , Shen Dong , Zheng Zhi-Gang , Li Quan
Published: July 2021

Volatility monitoring of a tiny amount of organic solvent, which reflects the profound understanding of the micro‐environmental chemical physics effect, plays a significant role in chemical reactions. Common approaches, such as microfluidic technology, undeniably encounter the issue of complicated fabrication or high cost, impeding their large‐scale application for monitoring the processes of chemical physics in micro‐reactions. Herein, a helical polymer film (HPF) molded by a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is reported to record the helical arrangement. By infiltrating less than 1.0 μL volatile solvent into the HPF and monitoring the corresponding reflection spectral behaviors, an intrinsic dynamic chemical physics process, solvent properties, and molecular interactions between the solvent and the polymer network are quantitatively evaluated. Furthermore, to further explore the underlying interaction mechanism that results in spectral band shift, a dynamical model is established and elucidated, providing remarkable information and understanding of the dynamic chemical physics processes and interfacial molecular interactions between the solvent and the polymer. This work has tied a close bond among chemical engineering, photonics, and soft condensed physics, which can provide an avenue for the new field of application of LC photonics beyond display and optics.
Revealing the Correlation of OER with Magnetism: A New Descriptor of Curie/Neel Temperature for Magnetic Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Bai Ying , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: July 2021

Developing accurate descriptors for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance yet challenging, which roots in and also boosts the understanding of its intrinsic mechanisms. Despite various descriptors are reported, it still has limitations in the facile prediction, given that complicated analytical techniques as well as time‐consuming modeling and calculations are indispensable. In the present work, strong correlation of magnetic property with OER performance is revealed by in‐depth investigations on the crystal and electronic structures. A facile descriptor of Curie/Neel temperature (TC/N) is developed for La2−xSrxCo2O6−δ perovskite oxides, based on the inference that both magnetism and OER are rooted in the electron exchange interaction. Specifically, both the TC/N and OER activity are proportional to the degree of p‐d orbital hybridization, which increases with enlarged bond angle of Co─O─Co and/or increased oxidation of Co. This finding reveals that TC/N from magnetic characterizations is an effective descriptor in designing novel OER electrocatalysts, and interdisciplinary researches are advantageous for revealing the controversial mechanisms of OER process.
Value of integrating perennial forage seed crops in annual cropping sequences
Authors: Khanal Nityananda , Azooz Rahman , Rahman Noabur , Klein‐Gebbinck Henry , Otani Jennifer K. , Yoder Calvin L. , Gauthier Talon M.
Published: July 2021

Cropping sequences integrating perennial forages and annual crops can generate multidimensional agroeconomic and environmental benefits. A 4‐yr cropping sequence study was conducted from 2013 to 2016 to evaluate the relative merits of various cropping sequences. Three forage seed crops (creeping red fescue [Festuca rubra L.], alsike clover [Trifolium hybridum L.], and red clover [Trifolium pratense L.]) and four annual food crops (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], canola [Brassica napus L.], barley [Hordeum vulgare L.], and pea [Pisum sativum L.]) were used to generate eight different cropping sequence treatments, which were split into three levels of nitrogen (N): 0, 45, and 90 kg ha−1. The seed yields of different crops were expressed as canola equivalent yield (CEY) and summed for 4‐yr cropping sequences. Economic benefits for 4‐yr cropping sequences were calculated using the input–output price scenarios of individual years. The highest CEY, gross return, and gross margin over partial variable costs were obtained from creeping red fescue‐based cropping sequences, irrespective of N application rates. Based on CEY and gross margins, the merit order is ranked as creeping red fescue‐based sequences > high diversity annual crop sequences ≈ alsike clover‐based sequence ≈ wheat–canola alternating sequence > continuous canola sequence. The clover‐based sequences had positive effects on the performance of succeeding crops of wheat and canola. Among the annual crop‐based sequences, economic profitability increased with the diversification from continuous canola through wheat–canola alternation to pea–barley–wheat–canola in the sequence. Further study investigating soil health and greenhouse gas emissions parameters is warranted to elucidate multidimensional agroecosystem services of diversified perennial forage seed crop‐based cropping sequences compared with annual crops‐based sequences.
Hardware‐Friendly Stochastic and Adaptive Learning in Memristor Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Pan Lunshuai , Yan Xuelong , Zhao Guangchao , Chen Hong , Wang Xingli , Tay Beng Kang , Zhong Gaokuo , Li Jiangyu , Huang Mingqiang
Published: July 2021

Memristors offer great advantages as a new hardware solution for neuromorphic computing due to their fast and energy‐efficient matrix vector multiplication. However, the nonlinear weight updating property of memristors makes it difficult to be trained in a neural network learning process. Several compensation schemes have been proposed to mitigate the updating error caused by nonlinearity; nevertheless, they usually involve complex peripheral circuits design. Herein, stochastic and adaptive learning methods for weight updating are developed, in which the inaccuracy caused by the memristor nonlinearity can be effectively suppressed. In addition, compared with the traditional nonlinear stochastic gradient descent (SGD) updating algorithm or the piecewise linear (PL) method, which are most often used in memristor neural network, the design is more hardware friendly and energy efficient without the consideration of pulse numbers, duration, and directions. Effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated on the training of LeNet‐5 convolutional neural network. High accuracy, about 93.88%, on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwriting digits datasets is achieved (with typical memristor nonlinearity as ±1), which is close to the network with complex PL method (94.7%) and is higher than the original nonlinear SGD method (90.14%).
Direct Gradient Calculation: Simple and Variation‐Tolerant On‐Chip Training Method for Neural Networks
Authors: Kim Hyungyo , Hwang Joon , Kwon Dongseok , Kim Jangsaeng , Park Min-Kyu , Im Jiseong , Park Byung-Gook , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: July 2021

On‐chip training of neural networks (NNs) is regarded as a promising training method for neuromorphic systems with analog synaptic devices. Herein, a novel on‐chip training method called direct gradient calculation (DGC) is proposed to substitute conventional backpropagation (BP). In this method, the gradients of a cost function with respect to the weights are calculated directly by sequentially applying a small temporal change to each weight and then measuring the change in cost value. DGC achieves a similar accuracy to that of BP while performing a handwritten digit classification task, validating its training feasibility. In particular, DGC can be applied to analog hardware‐based convolutional NNs (CNNs), which is considered to be a challenging task, enabling appropriate on‐chip training. A hybrid method is also proposed that efficiently combines DGC and BP for training CNNs, and the method achieves a similar accuracy to that of BP and DGC while enhancing the training speed. Furthermore, networks utilizing DGC maintain a higher level of accuracy than those using BP in the presence of variations in hardware (such as synaptic device conductance and neuron circuit component variations) while requiring fewer circuit components.
The nature of hereditary influences on insanity from research on asylum records in Western Europe in the mid‐19th century
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S.
Published: July 2021

This article explores the nature of psychiatric genetics research conducted in asylums in Western Europe in the mid‐19th century through an examination of four studies published 1841 to 1864 from Great Britain, France, and Germany. They all utilize asylum records to determine if patients had a hereditary predisposition (HP) to mental illness. A diverse range of topics were investigated, with most attention on whether men or women are more likely to transmit, or are more sensitive to the receipt of, an HP. When significant sex effects were seen, they consistently found women to be more likely to transmit and/or more sensitive to the receipt of an HP. Other questions explored included: (a) the relationship between an HP and recurrence rates; (b) the degree of homogeneity versus heterogeneity of transmission of specific mental illnesses in families; (c) the level of HP among different forms of mental illness; and (d) differences in the proportion of psychiatric patients with an HP as a function of their religion. While the method of assessment of familial/genetic risk was relatively crude, even at this early stage in the history of psychiatric genetics, investigators were asking thoughtful questions about the nature and clinical impact of that risk.
Group structure, but not dominance rank, predicts fecal androgen metabolite concentrations of wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Authors: Rosenbaum Stacy , Eckardt Winnie , Stoinski Tara S. , Umuhoza Rose , Kuzawa Christopher W. , Santymire Rachel M.
Published: July 2021

Androgens are important mediators of male‐male competition in many primate species. Male gorillas' morphology is consistent with a reproductive strategy that relies heavily on androgen‐dependent traits (e.g., extreme size and muscle mass). Despite possessing characteristics typical of species with an exclusively single‐male group structure, multimale groups with strong dominance hierarchies are common in mountain gorillas. Theory predicts that androgens should mediate their dominance hierarchies, and potentially vary with the type of group males live in. We validated the use of a testosterone enzyme immunoassay (T‐EIA R156/7, CJ Munro, UC‐Davis) for use with mountain gorilla fecal material by (1) examining individual‐level androgen responses to competitive events, and (2) isolating assay‐specific hormone metabolites via high‐performance liquid chromatography. Males had large (2.6‐ and 6.5‐fold), temporary increases in fecal androgen metabolite (FAM) after competitive events, and most captured metabolites were testosterone or 5α‐dihydrotestosterone‐like androgens. We then examined the relationship between males' dominance ranks, group type, and FAM concentrations. Males in single‐male groups had higher FAM concentrations than males in multimale groups, and a small pool of samples from solitary males suggested they may have lower FAM than group‐living peers. However, data from two different time periods (n = 1610 samples) indicated there was no clear relationship between rank and FAM concentrations, confirming results from the larger of two prior studies that measured urinary androgens. These findings highlight the need for additional research to clarify the surprising lack of a dominance hierarchy/androgen relationship in mountain gorillas.
Evolutionary history of orangutan plasmodia revealed by phylogenetic analysis of complete mtDNA genomes and new biogeographical divergence dating calibration models
Authors: Reid Michael J. C. , Switzer William M. , Alonso Sabrina K. , Lowenberger Carl A. , Schillaci Michael A.
Published: July 2021

During the past 15 years, researchers have shown a renewed interest in the study of the Plasmodium parasites that infect orangutans. Most recently, studies examined the phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates of these parasites in orangutans using complete mitochondrial DNA genomes. Questions regarding the dating of these parasites, however, remain. In the present study, we provide a new calibration model for dating the origins of Plasmodium parasites in orangutans using a modified date range for the origin of macaques in Asia. Our Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of complete Plasmodium sp. mitochondrial DNA genomes inferred two clades of plasmodia in orangutans (Pongo 1 and Pongo 2), and that these clades likely represent the previously identified species Plasmodium pitheci and Plasmodium silvaticum. However, we cannot identify which Pongo clade is representative of the morphologically described species. The most recent common ancestor of both Pongo sp. plasmodia, Plasmodium. hylobati, and Plasmodium. inui dates to 3–3.16 million years ago (mya) (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 2.09–4.08 mya). The Pongo 1 parasite diversified 0.33–0.36 mya (95% HPD: 0.12–0.63), while the Pongo 2 parasite diversified 1.15–1.22 mya (95% HPD: 0.63–1.82 mya). It now seems likely that the monkey Plasmodium (P. inui) is the result of a host switch event from the Pongo 2 parasite to sympatric monkeys, or P. hylobati. Our new estimates for the divergence of orangutan malaria parasites, and subsequent diversification, are all several hundred thousand years later than previous Bayesian estimates.
Quantifying Quantum Correlation of Quasi‐Werner State and Probing Its Suitability for Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Chatterjee Arpita , Thapliyal Kishore , Pathak Anirban
Published: July 2021

The significance of photon addition in engineering the single‐ and two‐mode (bipartite correlations) nonclassical properties of a quantum state is investigated. Specifically, the behavior of the Wigner function of two quasi‐Werner states constructed by superposing two normalized bipartite m‐photon added coherent states are analyzed. This allows the authors' to quantify the nonclassicality present in the quantum states using Wigner logarithmic negativity (WLN), while quantum correlations are measured using concurrence, entanglement of formation, and quantum discord. The WLN for a two‐mode state corresponds to the sum of the single‐mode nonclassicality and quantum correlations, and both of these are observed to enhance with photon addition manifesting the efficacy of photon addition in the entanglement distillation. Usefulness of photon addition is further established by showing that the performance of the quasi‐Werner states as quantum channel for the teleportation of single‐mode coherent and squeezed states, as quantified via teleportation fidelity, improves with the photon addition. The non‐Gaussian operation is shown effective in stalling the detrimental effects of transmission through noisy channel and/or inefficient detection under realistic scenario. Further, in contrast to a set of existing results, it is established that the negative values of two‐mode Wigner function is not a witness of quantum correlation.
Formation and Cycloaddition Reactions of a Reactive Boraalkene Stabilized Internally by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Chen Chaohuang , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: July 2021

The synthesis of element−carbon double bonds is of great importance for the development and understanding of reactive π‐bonded systems in chemistry. The seven‐membered heterocyclic system 4 b is readily made by internal C−H activation at a pendent isopropyl methyl group of the respective [(IPr)C6F5BH]+ borenium ion. Subsequent deprotonation with the IMes carbene gives the neutral cyclic boraalkene system 5 b. The B=C double bond in compound 5 b adds carbon dioxide, CS2, sulfur dioxide, phenyl isocyanate, an acetylenic ester or two NO molecules to give the corresponding four‐membered ring annulated heterocycles. With sulfur or selenium 5 b gives the respective three‐membered ring systems. N2O reacts with 5 b to give a mixture of the related oxaborirane 18 and a unique [B]OH containing diazoalkane product 19.
Resistance‐Chiral Anisotropy of Chiral Mesostructured Half‐metallic Fe3O4 Films
Authors: Bai Te , Ai Jing , Ma Jie , Duan Yingying , Han Lu , Jiang Jingang , Che Shunai
Published: July 2021

Half‐metallic materials are theoretically predicted to be metallic and insulating, which have not been confirmed experimentally, and the predictions are still in doubt. We report the resistance‐chiral anisotropy (R‐ChA), i.e., chirality‐dependent electrical conductivity, in chiral mesostructured Fe3O4 films (CMFFs) grown on the substrates via a hydrothermal method using amino acids as symmetry‐breaking agents. Two levels of chirality exist in the CMFFs: primary distortion of the crystal lattice forms twisted nanoflakes, and secondary helical stacking of nanoflakes forms fan‐shaped nanoplates. At temperatures below 30 K, the CMFFs exhibited metallic conductivity and insulation for one handedness and the other, respectively. The chirality‐dependent effective magnetic fields were speculated to stabilize the opposite spin in the antipodal chiral frame, which led to the free transport of electrons in one handedness of the chiral structure and immobility for the other handedness.