bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pushing for a Greener Europe: The European Parliament and Environmental Policy in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: MEYER Jan-Henrik
Published: June 2021

The European Parliament (EP) has long been derided as a powerless talking shop, notably before the 1979 elections and the granting of new co-legislative powers with the Single European Act. This article argues instead that already in the 1970s and early 1980s, the EP was a decisive player not only in initiating, but also in defining - and refining - European policy. Drawing on the case of the nascent environmental policy, the analysis demonstrates how the EP, its committees and members (MEPs), skilfully utilised the limited range of instruments available to them. In the early 1970s, the EP pushed for the inclusion of environmental policy into the EC policy portfolio and tried to influence its contents. In the early 1980s, after a decade of environmental legislation, the EP was an important advocate of making the already existing environmental law work and of adding new European laws. Their arguments and practices illustrate that MEPs were clearly aware of the limits but also of the opportunities the EC institutional system provided. Before as well as after direct elections, the EP exploited environmental scandals in the European public sphere - Rhine pollution, Seveso - to push for a greener, more environmentally friendly Europe. In a federalist spirit, the EP pursued institutional objectives at the same time: the strengthening of EC-level policy making and legal instruments, along with its own self-strengthening.
Romská identita
Authors: Shivairová Olga , Kajanová Alena , Mrhálek Tomáš
Published: June 2021

Cílem tohoto článku je představit čtenáři problematiku romské identity a sebeidentifikace v romské etnické komunitě, a dále představit nesoulad mezi sebeidentifikací (romské pojetí “já”, také nazývané jako “romipen”) a zřejmou obecně předpokládanou identitou romských osob. Mnoho výzkumníků je toho názoru a statistiky dokládají, že dochází k pomalému vytrácení sebeidentifikace s romskou etnickou komunitou. Dále bude stručně představena důležitost jazyka jako jednoho z hlavních faktorů přispívajících k utváření identity společně se sníženou ochotou romských rodičů učit své děti romský jazyk. Tato skutečnost je dokládána výroky romských rodičů a pracovníků, kteří pracují s Romy. Nakonec budou vzneseny pro metodologii plynoucí důsledky nesouladu mezi sebeidentifikací a zjevně předpokládanou identitou.
A MOVE STRUCTURE MODEL FOR DENTISTRY RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS: A GENRE-BASED STUDY OF VARIATIONS AND SIMILARITIES IN EIGHT DENTISTRY SUBDISCIPLINES
Authors: Alyousef Hesham Suleiman
Published: June 2021

The abstract is one of the most important sections in a research article (RA) because it is the first section researchers read to determine whether it is relevant to their research. The abstract provides an overview or summary of the entire article. In the dentistry discipline, the RA abstract can either be structured using headings or written as a summary. However, subdisciplinary investigations of intradisciplinary (within the same discipline) variations of move structures in dentistry RA abstracts are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prototypical rhetorical move structure realizations of 119 English RA abstracts in eight dentistry disciplines: Oral Sciences, Periodontics, Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics, Operative Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Orthodontics. It also aimed to investigate whether there are any intradisciplinary variations and/or similarities between the eight dentistry subdisciplines in terms of move sequence and length. The findings showed a lack of intradisciplinary variations in the rhetorical four-move structure (Purpose-Method-Result-Conclusion) across the eight dentistry subdisciplines. The Introduction/Background move was not present in all the dentistry subdisciplines; therefore, it is optional in five subdisciplines but conventional in the Oral Sciences, Endodontics, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery subdisciplines since its occurrence exceeded 60 per cent of investigated RA abstracts of those subdisciplines. The analysis of the move lengths indicated the importance of the Methods and the Results moves in dental research discourse because each move constituted over 25 per cent of text space. The findings revealed the importance of drawing learners’ attention to the research gap when establishing the context for a study. Future studies may employ the proposed move-analysis model for RA abstract analyses in other academic disciplines.
Varadia, a new helicarionoidean semi-slug genus from India’s Western Ghats (Stylommatophora: Helicarionoidea)
Authors: Bhosale Amrut R. , Saadi Ahmed J. , Wade Christopher M. , Thackeray Tejas U. , Tamboli Asif S. , Kadam Suhas K. , Muley Dipak V. , Raheem Dinarzarde C.
Published: June 2021

We here describe a new Indian helicarionoidean genus, Varadia Bhosale & Raheem gen. nov., containing the single species Varadia amboliensis Bhosale, Thackeray, Muley & Raheem gen. et sp. nov. This new semi-slug is endemic to the northern and central Western Ghats and is primarily a forest-living species. We describe and figure the shell, reproductive system, radula, spermatophore and external morphology of this new species, and detail its known distribution. We explore its relationships to other helicarionoideans using phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data for part of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and discuss the morphology of the new genus in relation to other, primarily South Indian, helicarionoidean taxa. Based on characters of the reproductive system, particularly the male genitalia and the gametolytic sac, we provisionally place Varadia gen. nov. in the Macrochlamydinae (Ariophantidae). This is consistent with the results of our molecular phylogenetic analyses. The combination of large size, broad, densely tuberculated shell lobes and a shell with ca 4 whorls and a disproportionately large body whorl makes V. amboliensis gen. et sp. nov. unique among the helicarionoidean taxa of the Western Ghats. The new semi-slug is also highly distinctive in the morphology of its male genitalia.
Particle swarm optimization for inverse kinematics solution and trajectory planning of 7-DOF and 8-DOF robot manipulators based on unit quaternion representation
Authors: Abdor-Sierra Javier , Merchán-Cruz Emmanuel , Sánchez-Garfias Flavio , Rodríguez-Cañizo Ricardo , Portilla-Flores Edgar , Vázquez-Castillo Valentin
Published: June 2021

Finding the inverse kinematic solution of a serial manipulator has always attracted the attention of optimization enthusiasts, as the solution space is highly nonlinear and, depending on the number of degrees of freedom, has multiple solutions. In the literature, one can find several proposed solutions using heuristic techniques; however, for highly redundant manipulators, e.g., seven or more, the discussions focused on minimizing the positional error. In this paper, a metaheuristic approach is presented to solve not only the inverse kinematics of a 7 and 8 DOF manipulators but the proposed algorithm is used to find the robot's poses for trajectory planning where the robot is required to meet the desired position and orientation based on quaternion representation of each point along the path. The metaheuristic approach used in this paper is particle swarm optimization (PSO), where the unit quaternion is used in the objective function to find the orientation error. The results prove that the use of the unit quaternion representation improved the performance of the algorithm and that our approach can be used not only for individual poses but for trajectory planning.
The influence of internal service quality and employee satisfaction on organizational commitment in travel agencies: The case of Serbia
Authors: Perić Goran , Dramićanin Sandra , Pavlović Nebojša
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research is to observe the influence of internal service quality and employee satisfaction on organizational commitment of employees in travel agencies. A sample of 150 respondents employed in travel agencies in Serbia was surveyed in April 2020, using the questionnaire technique and validated instruments: a modified SERVQAL model, Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). The influence of internal service quality and employee satisfaction on organizational commitment in travel agencies was tested using multiple regression. Research findings have indicated that the increase in internal service quality and employee satisfaction is accompanied by an increase in organizational commitment of employees in travel agencies. Finally, the results, implications and limitations are presented, and future research recommendations are specified.
Reduction the mechanical properties of oakwood under the influence of epyxilous fungus
Authors: Marković Miroslava , Rajković Snežana , Rakonjac Ljubinko
Published: June 2021

Within the scope of field research on diagnostics of harmful organisms in Serbia in the year 2015, in the area of Forest Estate Boljevac, the presence of epixylous fungus Coniophora puteana (Schumm. ex Fr.) Karst was found on dead oak trees following the ice break. In order to give a more accurate forecast of prospective spread of the pathogen, i.e. determine the speed of the process, the laboratory of the Institute for Forestry conducted the testing of the rate of reduction of the oak tree modulus of elasticity after 2, 4 and 6 months of exposure to the fungus. Testing samples were collected from the medulla of healthy oak trees, from the association of Quercetum montanum. Over the periods of 2, 4 and 6 months the wood samples were exposed to influence of the mycelia of the fungus Coniophora puteana (Schumm. ex Fr.) Karst. After 2, 4 and 6 months under the effect of the fungus, the static modulus of elasticity of oak wood substantially decreased compared to the initial value (100%) and amounted to 61.07%, 60.61% and 51.38% respectively. The regression line obtained through data processing opened the possibility to prognosticate the changes of wood properties in certain time periods of the effect of the fungus under the unchanged external conditions, which is significant for practical purposes in terms of taking protective measures and wood usability.
Demand for Meat in Indonesia: Censored AIDS Model
Authors: Widarjono Agus , Ruchba Sarastri Mumpuni
Published: June 2021

This study estimates the demand for meat in Indonesian urban households encompassing beef, goat, broiler chicken, and native chicken. We estimate the demand for meat using cross-sectional data from the 2013 Indonesian Socio-Economic Household Survey data, which records food expenditure for a week before the survey. Because of some zero expenditure, the Censored Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) using the consistent two-step estimation is applied. The estimated own-price elasticities indicate that all meat products are price-inelastic. Nonetheless, broiler chicken is the most responsive meat product while goat is the least responsive meat product to price changes. All meat products are normal good referring to the estimated income elasticities. However, Native chicken is the most responsive and goat is the most unresponsive to the income change. The estimated cross-price elasticities conclude that broiler chicken and beef are substitute goods. The policy simulation indicates that beef is a meat product that is unresponsive to price and income changes. Native chicken is the most responsive meat product to price and income change, followed by broiler chicken.
Paul Gauguin's Paintings, 1886-91 Cloisonism, Synthetism and Symbolism
Authors: Jirat-Wasiutyński Vojtěch
Published: June 2021

La Vision après le sermon : lutte de Jacob avec l’Ange est une oeuvre charnière dans l’oeuvre de Paul Gauguin. Dans ce chef-d’oeuvre de septembre 1888, l’artiste adopte un langage anti-naturaliste et produit un manifeste du symbolisme en peinture. Des études récentes ont à nouveau soulevé le problème du rôle de Gauguin dans la genèse du symbolisme en peinture et en particulier de ses rapports avec Émile Bernard et le Cloisonnisme. La Vision témoigne d’une connaissance des expériences cloisonnistes de Bernard et de Louis Anquetin. Gauguin était déjà familier avec ces expériences dès l’hiver de 1887-1888. Dans les cinq ou six mois qui précèdent l’arrivée de Bernard à Pont-Aven (mi-août 1888), Gauguin chercha à synthétiser les leçons de Degas, Puvis de Chavannes, Millet. Cézanne et des gravures japonaises, pour créer des images poétiques de la vie rustique des paysans bretons. Déjà au début de juillet, son art évoluait, systématiquement dans le sens de la Vision. Mais Gauguin avait besoin d’une perspective nouvelle de son sujet et d’audace pour être aussi radical que l’étaient scs sources, les gravures japonaises. Dans la Vision après le Sermon, il franchit cette étape, sans doute sous l’influence directe d’Émile Bernard. Néanmoins, le Cloisonnisme comme tel s’est, avéré de courte durée, dégénérant vite en un maniérisme décoratif. Dans sa grande oeuvre symboliste, Vendanges à Arles : misères humaines, Gauguin a cherché à employer un langage fait de signes conventionnels pour rendre son sujet. Comme van Gogh, il croyait que les harmonies de couleurs pouvaient constituer un langage pour exprimer des émotions. Son approche symboliste a atteint son sommet dans Le Christ jaune et Le Calvaire breton. Cette étude définit en conclusion, en les distinguant clairement, le Cloisonnisme, le Synthétisme et le Symbolisme.
The Walker Journals: Reminiscences of John Lavery and William Holman Hunt
Authors: Lochnan Katharine A.
Published: June 2021

Sir Edmund Walker (1846-1924) fut un humaniste réputé comme il y en eut peu au Canada. À Toronto, il prit part à la fondation du Royal Ontario Museum et de l’Art Gallery of Ontario ; il s’occupa aussi activement du développement de la Galerie nationale à Ottawa. Au début du siècle il faisait figure de leader parmi le groupe très restreint de Canadiens qui, par leur connaissance avertie des milieux internationaux de l’art, purent jouer un rôle déterminant dans le monde des beaux-arts. Ses fonctions de président de la Banque de commerce l’amenant à voyager, il eut l’occasion en 1909 de séjourner en Angleterre. Il y rencontra John Lavery (1856-1941) à qui il commanda un portrait, et il fut reçu par le peintre pré-raphaélite William Holman Hunt (1827-1910). Walker tint un journal personnel de 1899 à 1924. Les trois grands livres comptables dans lesquels il inscrivait ses souvenirs sont aujourd’hui à la bibliothèque Thomas Fisher de l’Université de Toronto. Nous présentons ici toutes les notes rédigées à la suite des séances de pose chez Lavery et des visites chez les Hunt. Walker y commente les méthodes de travail de Lavery et rapporte l’essentiel de leurs entretiens à l’atelier du peintre. À la suite de la quatrième séance, il fut reçu chez Holman Hunt, grâce à un jeune Canadien, Charles Trick Currelly (1876-1957) qui deviendra un des premiers directeurs du Royal Ontario Museum. Le témoignage de Walker sur Hunt, qui était presque aveugle et qui n’avait plus qu’une année à vivre, présente beaucoup d’intérêt. Hunt étant dans sa vieillesse un homme isolé de sa famille, comme en fait état une de ses descendantes, Evelyn Waugh, l’amitié de Walker et de Currelly fut donc en ce temps assez marquante. Après la mort de Hunt, Walker fut consulté sur l’établissement de la succession. Il acquit le portrait d’un moine canadien, Henry Wentworth, datant de 1858, au nom de la Galerie nationale du Canada.
Picabia's ‘Caoutchouc’ and the Threshold of Abstraction
Authors: Belton Robert J.
Published: June 2021

Des recherches récentes concernant la vie et les oeuvres de Francis Picabia ont suscité bien des interprétations sur le sens des titres énigmatiques que l’artiste a donnés aux tableaux de sa période abstraite. Si l’on se penche en particulier sur une oeuvre antérieure à cette période, le tout petit Caoutchouc, qui ne fut cependant titré que quelques années plus tard, on découvre que l’artiste se préoccupait beaucoup des rapports entre le titre et l’oeuvre, en tenant compte que sa démarche comportait de moins en moins de références aux réalités autres que picturales. Plus tard, dans sa réflexion sur l’abstraction, Picabia reconnut que son petit Caoutchouc appartenait encore au monde de la figuration auquel il avait maintenant renoncé. Empruntant un concept aux Impressions d’Afrique de Raymond Roussel, il donna alors à ce tableau le titre Caoutchouc, révélant ainsi à la fois la place de cette oeuvre dans son évolution vers l’abstraction et son attitude à l’égard du public quant à la manière de recevoir ses futures oeuvres abstraites.
The Society of Artists & Amateurs, 1834: Toronto’s First Art Exhibition and Its Antecedents
Authors: Lowrey Carol D.
Published: June 2021

La formation de la « Society of Artists and Amateurs », la première association artistique « officielle » au Canada, témoigne de la croissance rapide de l’activité artistique à Toronto à la fin des années 1820 et au début des années 1830. Une initiative semblable ne se répétera pas avant 1846, avec l’inauguration des « Upper Canada Provincial Exhibitions ». À l’occasion de la première et de la seule exposition, présentée en juillet 1834 dans la salle d’assemblée du troisième Parlement, les membres de la Société ainsi que des personnes de l’extérieur exposèrent des paysages pittoresques, des portraits de personnalités locales, des natures mortes, des scènes historiques et des rendus architecturaux. Le catalogue est typique des premiers catalogues d’exposition par l’absence de matériel descriptif. Par contre, les comptes rendus parus dans le Patriot et le Canadian Correspondent compensent largement cette pauvreté d’information. Non seulement nous procurent-ils une description des oeuvres, mais aussi ils démontrent l’importance des journaux locaux comme instruments de recherche. Malgré l’encouragement et l’appui fournis par le Patriot, la première société artistique de Toronto ne parvint pas à survivre comme institution permanente pour organiser des expositions d’oeuvres d’art. Les frais d’admission et les ventes du catalogue rapportèrent peu d’argent, entraînant des pertes substantielles. Parmi les professionnels qui faisaient partie de la Société, plusieurs quittèrent la ville peu de temps après, en quête d’un milieu plus favorable. En 1847, la « Society of Artists and Amateurs » renaissait sous le nom de « Toronto Society of Arts ». Son Comité d’administration se composait uniquement d’architectes et d’artistes professionnels qui établirent un ensemble détaillé de règles pour assurer le fonctionnement de la nouvelle société, puisque l’ancienne association de professionnels et d’amateurs n’avait tout simplement pas fonctionné.
“It Feels Like a Life’s Work”
Authors: Douglas Jennifer , Alisauskas Alexandra
Published: June 2021

By considering a set of in-depth interviews with eight bereaved mothers, this article seeks to explore ideas about what records are and what they do. Working to centre the voices and experiences of the bereaved mothers, the article first discusses some of the objects, events, places, and bodily traces they identified that function as records. It next considers the roles records and recordkeeping played for the parents interviewed, identifying four types of records work: proving life and love, parenting, continuing a relationship, and imagining. Records and recordkeeping are shown to be instrumental in the ongoing processing of traumatic loss as well as in the significant work of ensuring a life has meaning and is acknowledged. Finally, the interviews with parents also showed how deeply imbricated are love and grief as emotions and as motivations for recordkeeping, and the article ends by articulating a call for archivists to learn to “look with love.”
Safety, Collaboration, and Empowerment
Authors: Wright Kirsten , Laurent Nicola
Published: June 2021

In order to undertake liberatory memory work, engage effectively with communities and individuals, and centre people rather than records in their work, archival organizations must be aware of trauma and its effects. This article introduces the concept of trauma-informed practice to archives and other memory organizations. Trauma-informed practice is a strengths-based approach for organizations that acknowledges the pervasiveness of trauma and the risk and potential for people to be retraumatized through engagement with organizations such as archives and seeks to minimize triggers and negative interactions. It provides a framework of safety and offers a model of collaboration and empowerment that recognizes and centres the expertise of the individuals and communities documented within the records held in archives. Traumainformed practice also provides a way for archivists to practically implement many of the ideas discussed in the literature, including liberatory memory work, radical empathy, and participatory co-design. This article proposes several areas where a trauma-informed approach may be useful in archives and may lead to trauma-informed archival practice that provides better outcomes for all: users, staff, and memory organizations in general. Applying trauma-informed archival practice is multidimensional. It requires the comprehensive review of archival practice, theory, and processes and the consideration of the specific needs of individual memory organizations and the people who interact with them. Each organization should implement trauma-informed practice in the way that will achieve outcomes appropriate for its own context. These out comes can include recognizing and acknowledging past wrongs, ensuring safety for archives users and staff, empowering communities documented in archives, and using archives for justice and healing.
Les mutations « monstrueuses » du genre. La formation de soi dans l’œuvre d’Édouard Louis
Authors: Delodder Maxim
Published: June 2021

L’analyse s’intéresse aux textes d’Édouard Louis à travers le prisme de deux approches de « genre ». D’abord, on introduit le roman d’apprentissage, ou le Bildungsroman, qui raconte l’histoire d’un héros en quête de sa place dans le monde. Ensuite, la problématique du genre littéraire se joint à celle du genre dans le sens de gender. Partant de la théorie de la performativité de Judith Butler, nous envisageons le parcours d’un personnage de fiction comme une recherche de la performance de genre non-problématique. Édouard échappe à la masculinité ouvrière et bourgeoise, en passant par un stade d’homonormativité. Nous suggérons que la performance la plus efficace est celle qui va à l’encontre de la normativité hétérosexuelle, autrement dit, celle du « monstre ».
Le processus scriptural nothombien : une identité hybride
Authors: Verstichel-Boulanger Eolia
Published: June 2021

Cet article vise à montrer les raisons pour lesquelles l’œuvre d’Amélie Nothomb échappe à la classification. L’œuvre d’Amélie Nothomb ne correspond pas à l’expérience esthétique antérieure car sa production littéraire montre une évolution de celle-ci par le croisement de plusieurs concepts et de plusieurs registres. Son œuvre n’est donc que mutation et hybridation tant dans sa forme que dans son contenu. De plus, sa production littéraire remodèle des concepts comme celui de la transfictionnalité, ce qui crée des caractéristiques et une identité qui sont propres à Amélie Nothomb.
Transgression et hybridité dans l’œuvre de l’écrivain franco-arménien Denis Donikian
Authors: Kefalidou Charikleia Magdalini
Published: June 2021

L’article traite des transgressions et des hybridations formelles mais aussi thématiques dans l’œuvre de l’écrivain franco-arménien Denis Donikian. Son identité franco-arménienne et son héritage du génocide et de l’exil ont profondément influencé son œuvre qui est vouée à pallier le malaise provoqué par une histoire fracturée, à travers une activité artistique et littéraire plurielle et expérimentale qui explicite l’existence d’un dialogue permanent entre textes et entre cultures qui anime l’existence et la créativité humaines.
The principles of planning educational process in the conditions of self-organization of students: synergetic approach
Authors: Rakhinsky Dmitry Vladimirovich , Lunev Vladimir Viktorovich , Luneva Tatyana Anatolevna , Shcheblyakov Evgenii Stepanovich
Published: June 2021

  The object of this research is the process of self-organization of students of the higher school. The subject is the principles of planning the educational process in the higher school in the conditions of self-organization of students on the basis of synergetic approach. The goal consists in theoretical substantiation of the model of educational process in the higher school in accordance with pedagogical synergetics. Research methodology is the pedagogical synergetics. Synergetic approach allows integrating the experience accumulated in pedagogical science and creating the model of educational process in the conditions of information society and the self-organizing learning environment. The authors examine the two approaches towards self-organization of students: personal and collective. The principles of planning the educational process in the conditions of self-study of students and rich information environment based on synergetic approach are proposed. The conclusion is made that synergetics can serve as a methodological framework for studying the phenomena of self-organization in the learning process of students in the higher school. The two forms of self-organization are determined: coherent (from homogeneous elements) and continual (from heterogeneous elements). It is demonstrated that progressive self-organization in pedagogical systems can be only of continual type. The article offers the following principles of planning the educational process by the type of continual self-organization: the principle of diversity at the entry to system, the principle of continuous interaction and openness of the system, the principle of nonlinearity of development, and the principle of system memory. The novelty of this work consists in formulation of the principles of pedagogical synergetics on the methodological level for planning the educational process of the students of higher school. The authors' special contribution lies in substantiation of the role of diversity and memory in the context pf self-organization in open pedagogical systems.  
Readiness of public school pedagogues for implementation of inclusive education
Authors: Rostovtseva Marina Viktorovna , Pomazan Valerii Aleksandrovich , Rutts Maksim Leonidovich , Anan'ev Vyacheslav Nikolaevich , Bobrik Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: June 2021

This article touches upon the problem of readiness of the modern public school pedagogues for implementation of inclusive education. The author carries out an empirical research, the results of which demonstrate unwillingness of the pedagogues to teach children with health limitations. This is manifests in poor organization of correctional and developmental environment for inclusive education, as well as insufficient pedagogical interaction between all actors of the inclusive process pedagogical interaction between all subjects of the inclusive process; inability to select optimal means to arrange inclusive education and use various resources for the development of all children, etc. The author offers the key strategic directions for administration of public schools aimed at working with the indicated flaws, which for the most part are related to the arrangement of comprehensive interdepartmental interaction of all parties to the educational process. The author obtained the data on the main shortages of public school pedagogies in working with impaired children. Based on the method of self-analysis of pedagogical difficulties, the respondents indicated the reluctance to solve professional tasks in lesson planning, difficulties in communicating with children with health limitations, no methodological support or competence to develop it themselves. The author suggests arranging joint activity between the specialists in the field of correctional work (psychologists, speech-language pathologist, defectologists, tutors) and teachers, organizing methodological support in the educational institution to select techniques for working with children in the conditions of inclusion, tracking the dynamics of their development.
The development of Japanese anthroponymic formula
Authors: Rabtsevich Irina
Published: June 2021

This article is analyzes the development stages of anthroponymic formula in the Japanese language, considers the factors that prompted change in its structure and conceptual framework of the anthroponyms, mostly family names. The subject of this research is the nominations included in the anthroponymic formula at certain stages of its formation. On the example of Japanese language, the author aims to establish correlation between social development and changes in the composition of anthroponymic formula, as  well as determine the conceptual framework of structural components of this formula. The article delineates the terms used to nominate a person in the Japanese linguoculture, namely: 氏 /uji/, 姓 /kabane/, 名字/ meji/. For achieving the set goal, the article employs conceptual, descriptive, and analytical methods of research. The novelty of this work consists in the fact that the Japanese anthroponymic formula has not previously become the object of research among the Russian linguists; therefore, the acquired results are published for the first time. The author determines the four stages of the development of Japanese anthroponymic formula, as well as cognitive processes that underlie the conceptual framework of these nominations. The theoretical and practical relevance of this topic is defined by the fact that the processes of nomination in any language resemble the unique national psychology of certain representatives of linguocultural community; following these processes is essential to describe their conceptual and linguistic worldview, as well as substantiate complex interaction between them.
Types of verbs most commonly used in language of the “Daimohk” newspaper
Authors: Musaeva Aset Alievna
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the language of the republican newspaper “Daimohk”, the first and only newspaper in the world that is published solely in the Chechen language. Despite the status and age of the publisher (this year the newspaper celebrated the 98th anniversary), its language has not yet been subjected to scientific examination. The goals of this research consists in determination of the verbs most commonly used in the national republican newspaper “Daimohk”. The article analyzes the morphological component of the newspaper language using a special software for parsing and detecting the frequency of words DoshStat, developed by the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic. The scientific novelty of lies in the source analysis of the language of the “Daimohk” newspaper as the language of the primary national periodical. Through automatic analysis with application of special software to detect frequency of words and subsequent manual search, the author determines the frequency of use of various verbs in the newspaper language. Emphasis is placed on the study of verbs, as the Chechen language features a wide variety of tenses and types. The acquired results would serve as the foundation for further research of the Chechen newspaper language, as well as a good asset for the Special Commission for Literacy of the Chechen language in mass media.
SMEs’s potentials of Research and Development and the European Union Prospective. A Literature Review
Authors: Isaraj Loreta
Published: June 2021

SME-s role in the economic development and economic structure is changing drastically, as it is gaining new dimensions the role they have as social agents. This becomes particularly present in the paradigm shift of the EU funding schema and priorities, for member and candidate states, indicating that from catalysts of development they are now considered as important and active agents of Innovation by their R&D potential. The article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of R&D processes in SMEs under the support of the funding programs of European Union collected from the reputed publications. The purpose is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D in SMEs to highlight its role in the performance of these businesses in particular and in national and regional economies at the macro level. This paper aims to contribute to current discussions within the field of innovation by further exploring how EU R&D funding policies work in practice.
From the concept of Environmental Reason to a Global Ethics project
Authors: dos Santos Queirós António
Published: June 2021

The contribution of the environmental philosophy to the XX and XXI centuries philosophy renovation and their capacity to be applied to all aspects of social life is the core of this essay. The history of philosophy on the West is focused on the human condition, the environmental philosophy drive its thought to a global view of biodiversity and geodiversity, enlarged by the concept of biosphere. The dominant perspective of the modern philosophy set the morale in the order of the rules and social conventions and leave the ethics on the field of personal experience. Analyzing the concept of Kantian reason, and its ethic’s corollaries, this essay propose develop them to a new concept, “Environmental Reason”. Conceptualized as a new categorical imperative to the men’s action, beyond the principle that prescribe that we must conform individual acts with a universal law, configuring the human conduct within the limits that safeguard the continuity of life, but also the intrinsic values of earth and its biodiversity and geodiversity. A new perspective ethics founded in the principles of the critique of anthropocentrism and the critique of ethnocentrism represent a new ontology, and a new epistemology, that could lead to a new ethics universal theory.
L’Euripo sulla rotta di Troia, secondo Euripide. Correnti alterne del destino o venti d’opposte doxai?
Authors: Castrucci Greta
Published: June 2021

In his Iphigenia at Aulis, Euripides places his characters on the stage of Euripus, a sea strait which – since ancient times – had had a strong symbolic value: it was crossed by opposing currents and so represented the place of change, also in the metaphorical sense of changes of mind. As J. Morwood remarked in A Note on the Euripus in Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis, in this tragedy Euripides appropriates this metaphorical interpretation and uses the geographical and mythical context of the Euripus to emphasize the mental changes his characters go through. This article aims to go more deeply into Morwood’s brief note, showing how mention of the Euripus is never casual or accidental in Iphigenia at Aulis, but always substantial: Euripides wants to stage the changeability not only in his characters’ psychology and ethics, but also in their destinies and in the Gods’ actions, and takes advantage of the geographical setting for this specific aim. Thus, every reference to the Euripus in this drama (from Agamemnon’s words in the Prologue to Iphigenia’s lament in the fourth episode), assumes an allusive value, even if it seems apparently banal, and maybe also refers, implicitly, to sophist attitudes.
Effects on neuropsychological performance and sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Staub Cristina , Tschopp Kurt
Published: June 2021

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may have impaired neuropsychological performance. The aim of the study is to assess neuropsychological function in OSAS patients before and on continous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy to assess different neuropsychological tests – especially of sensomotor memory – in OSAS patients, and to relate neuropsychological test results to polysomnographic findings. Therefore, 36 normal controls and 18 OSAS patients performed tests of attention capacity and memory with retrieval in the evening and the following morning. Six weeks later, the tests were repeated (patients on CPAP). Controls performed significantly better than patients in the tests of attention and of memory of facts without and on CPAP therapy. Moreover, good compliance of CPAP therapy was not associated with better performance. However, there was no significant difference between controls and patients in the tests of sensomotor memory. The neuropsychological results depended on oxygen values, the arousal index, and sleep stages. There is no group difference in overnight improvement in the neuropsychological tests, which could indicate that sleep has an important function in homeostatic regulation rather than in consolidation.
State of consciousness and ERP (event-related potential) measures. Diagnostic and prognostic value of electrophysiology for disorders of consciousness
Authors: Balconi Michela
Published: June 2021

Disorders of consciousness were amply studied in the recent years. At this regards new methodologies and technologies were applied to explore the diagnostic and prognostic criteria that may be applied to the patients. Specifically electrophysiological measures were used to verify the degree of awareness and responsiveness in coma, vegetative states (VS), minimal consciousness state (MC), and locked-in syndrome (LI). Recently, ERPs (event-related potentials) were adopted to integrate the classical neuroimaging measures. Between the others, MMN (mismatch negativity) and P300 deflections were found to represent a consistent index of the present state of consciousness and to be predictive of successive modifications of this state. Also frequency-based EEG measures, such as brain oscillations, were revealed to be relevant marker of consciousness and awareness, able to predict the future evolution of pathology.
Mapping online peer exchanges on diabetes
Authors: Libreri Chiara , Graffigna Guendalina
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is a serious chronic condition affects the 10% of the world population; in order to avoid consequences, patients need to be able to self-manage their care and cure. Peer support groups help diabetic patients to improve their self-care; today they are simplified by the use of the Internet and Web 2.0. Even if the role of this medium into facilitate peer exchanges is well established, less attention is given to the way in which Web 2.0 contexts (e.g.: different Web 2.0 applications) could facilitate or inhibit the exchanges. The aim of this study is to understand the role of Web 2.0 contexts into shape online exchanges about diabetes in Italy. According to an ethnographic perspective, a systematic exploration of sites hosting exchanges about diabetes was developed. Findings show a map of different Web contexts and different online exchanges about diabetes, highlighting their main features and underlining relevant insights for the health expert field.
Bisection and visual exploration strategy in hemineglect: eye-movement measures for rehabilitation treatment
Authors: Sozzi Matteo , Balconi Michela , Pisani Luigi , Mariani Claudio
Published: June 2021

Aim of this study is to explore behavioral responses and eye movements of unilateral neglect patients in a virtual bisection task. Space to be bisected was included between two endpoint, segment length together with segment spatial dislocation were varied in order to test the presence of a gradient effect in both bisection behavior and visual exploration. Ten right neglect patients took part to the study, all data were then matched with those obtained from ten healthy participants. Behavioral measures (bisection and RTs) and eye-movements (fixation count and duration; first fixation count) were analyzed. Consistent spatial biases were found for bisection responses, RTs, fixation count and duration, as well as for the first fixation count. We then find a significant rightward bias in patients, i.e. increasing rightside bisection and rightward fixations when the stimuli were in the extreme left-position. Concerning merely segment length, we observed significant differences between-groups only for eye movement behavior, with increased rightward fixation count and duration in response to longer segments. In conclusion, left-to-right and longer-to-shorter continuous-gradient effects were not totally supported by our results, whereas an extreme-left gradient effect was suggested and discussed.
Developing a multivariate prediction model of antibody features associated with protection of malaria-infected pregnant women from placental malaria
Authors: Aitken Elizabeth H , Damelang Timon , Ortega-Pajares Amaya , Alemu Agersew , Hasang Wina , Dini Saber , Unger Holger W , Ome-Kaius Maria , Nielsen Morten A , Salanti Ali , Smith Joe , Kent Stephen , Hogarth P Mark , Wines Bruce D , Simpson Julie A , Chung Amy W , Rogerson Stephen J
Published: June 2021

Background:

Plasmodium falciparum causes placental malaria, which results in adverse outcomes for mother and child. P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes that express the parasite protein VAR2CSA on their surface can bind to placental chondroitin sulfate A. It has been hypothesized that naturally acquired antibodies towards VAR2CSA protect against placental infection, but it has proven difficult to identify robust antibody correlates of protection from disease. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model using antibody features that could identify women protected from placental malaria.

Methods:

We used a systems serology approach with elastic net-regularized logistic regression, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and a case-control study design to identify naturally acquired antibody features mid-pregnancy that were associated with protection from placental malaria at delivery in a cohort of 77 pregnant women from Madang, Papua New Guinea.

Results:

The machine learning techniques selected 6 out of 169 measured antibody features towards VAR2CSA that could predict (with 86% accuracy) whether a woman would subsequently have active placental malaria infection at delivery. Selected features included previously described associations with inhibition of placental binding and/or opsonic phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes, and network analysis indicated that there are not one but multiple pathways to protection from placental malaria.

Conclusions:

We have identified candidate antibody features that could accurately identify malaria-infected women as protected from placental infection. It is likely that there are multiple pathways to protection against placental malaria.

Funding:

This study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Nos. APP1143946, GNT1145303, APP1092789, APP1140509, and APP1104975).
A phase transition enhances the catalytic activity of SARM1, an NAD+ glycohydrolase involved in neurodegeneration
Authors: Loring Heather S , Czech Victoria L , Icso Janneke D , O'Connor Lauren , Parelkar Sangram S , Byrne Alexandra B , Thompson Paul R
Published: June 2021

Sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor (TIR) motif–containing protein 1 (SARM1) is a neuronally expressed NAD+ glycohydrolase whose activity is increased in response to stress. NAD+ depletion triggers axonal degeneration, which is a characteristic feature of neurological diseases. Notably, loss of SARM1 is protective in murine models of peripheral neuropathy and traumatic brain injury. Herein, we report that citrate induces a phase transition that enhances SARM1 activity by ~2000-fold. This phase transition can be disrupted by mutating a residue involved in multimerization, G601P. This mutation also disrupts puncta formation in cells. We further show that citrate induces axonal degeneration in C. elegans that is dependent on the C. elegans orthologue of SARM1 (TIR–1). Notably, citrate induces the formation of larger puncta indicating that TIR–1/SARM1 multimerization is essential for degeneration in vivo. These findings provide critical insights into SARM1 biology with important implications for the discovery of novel SARM1-targeted therapeutics.
Space-filling and benthic competition on coral reefs
Authors: George Emma E. , Mullinix James A. , Meng Fanwei , Bailey Barbara A. , Edwards Clinton , Felts Ben , Haas Andreas F. , Hartmann Aaron C. , Mueller Benjamin , Roach Ty N.F. , Salamon Peter , Silveira Cynthia , Vermeij Mark J.A. , Rohwer Forest , Luque Antoni
Published: June 2021

Reef-building corals are ecosystem engineers that compete with other benthic organisms for space and resources. Corals harvest energy through their surface by photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding, and they divert part of this energy to defend their outer colony perimeter against competitors. Here, we hypothesized that corals with a larger space-filling surface and smaller perimeters increase energy gain while reducing the exposure to competitors. This predicted an association between these two geometric properties of corals and the competitive outcome against other benthic organisms. To test the prediction, fifty coral colonies from the Caribbean island of Curaçao were rendered using digital 3D and 2D reconstructions. The surface areas, perimeters, box-counting dimensions (as a proxy of surface and perimeter space-filling), and other geometric properties were extracted and analyzed with respect to the percentage of the perimeter losing or winning against competitors based on the coral tissue apparent growth or damage. The increase in surface space-filling dimension was the only significant single indicator of coral winning outcomes, but the combination of surface space-filling dimension with perimeter length increased the statistical prediction of coral competition outcomes. Corals with larger surface space-filling dimensions (Ds > 2) and smaller perimeters displayed more winning outcomes, confirming the initial hypothesis. We propose that the space-filling property of coral surfaces complemented with other proxies of coral competitiveness, such as life history traits, will provide a more accurate quantitative characterization of coral competition outcomes on coral reefs. This framework also applies to other organisms or ecological systems that rely on complex surfaces to obtain energy for competition.
What do alexithymia items measure? A discriminant content validity study of the Toronto-alexithymia-scale–20
Authors: Veirman Elke , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L. , Verleysen Gregory , De Paepe Annick L. , Crombez Geert
Published: June 2021

Background

Questions have been raised about whether items of alexithymia scales assess the construct alexithymia and its key features, and no other related constructs. This study assessed the (discriminant) content validity of the most widely used alexithymia scale, i.e., the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).

Methods

Participants (n= 81) rated to what extent TAS-20 items and items of related constructs were relevant for assessing the constructs ‘alexithymia’, ‘difficulty identifying feelings’, ‘difficulty describing feelings’, ‘externally-oriented thinking’, ‘limited imaginal capacity’, ‘anxiety’, ‘depression’, and ‘health anxiety’.

Results

Results revealed that, overall, the TAS-20 did only partly measure ‘alexithymia’. Only the subscales ‘difficulty identifying feelings’ and ‘difficulty describing feelings’ represented ‘alexithymia’ and their intended construct, although some content overlap between these subscales was found. In addition, some items assessed (health) anxiety equally well or even better.

Conclusions

Revision of the TAS-20 is recommended to adequately assess all key features of alexithymia. Findings with the TAS-20 need to be interpreted with caution in people suffering from medical conditions.