bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological adjustments to the tetrazolium test in coriander seeds
Authors: Silva Raimunda Nonata Oliveira da , Gadotti Gizele Ingrid , Carvalho Ireni Leitzke , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Cavalcante Jerffeson Araujo , Silva Joseano Graciliano da
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The reduction in the time to perform the tetrazolium test is critical in decision making at pre and post-harvest of seeds. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution, temperatures, and staining times, to reduce the time for assessing the viability of coriander seeds by the tetrazolium test. The study was divided into two experiments conducted independently but sequentially. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination, and viability in both experiments by the tetrazolium test. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications. For the tetrazolium test, the seeds were preconditioned by direct immersion in water for sixteen hours at 20 °C. In experiment I, the seeds were exposed to different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; and 1.0%). In experiment II, different combinations of temperatures (35; 40; and 45 °C) and staining times (three, four, five, and six hours) were tested. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the best staining pattern of coriander seeds for performing the tetrazolium test is achieved by using the concentration of 0.5% tetrazolium salt solution for five hours at 40 °C.
INCURSIONS ABOUT OPEN EVALUATION
Authors: Garcia Joana Coeli Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

It focuses on the creation of the scientific journal and the 16th century when knowledge was discussed in the public arena (open review) and by decision of the inquisitors (evaluators) the authors were imprisoned until they changed (or not) their minds. The periodical was first handed over to book publishers who accepted the intent as it approached its socialization, the expansion in economically profitable quantity until it was sponsored by commercial and university publishers. In this journey, the idea of blind review arises and consolidates. Although open science has from the 20th and 21st centuries onwards technologies can be able to help science solve problems: making communication between individuals faster; knowledge available for scientific records; transformations of scientific records stored and consulted, and open access, the open review that would offer more qualification, has not yet conquered space in scientific review that would offer more qualification, has not yet conquered space in scientific communication, despite editors, authors and reviewers defending it. Evaluation in an open system suits science in this condition, although there is no unanimity in scientific communication about the possibility of widespread use of open peer review (OPR). This article encourages and supports arguments, not necessarily providing all the answers, reaching the objective in favor of open evaluation, in modern times.
INTERAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE-EMPRESA PARA O ENSINO BASEADO EM CASOS REAIS EM ENGENHARIA
Authors: Borrás Miguel Ángel Aires , Lourenção Guilherme Jorge Martins , Mergulhão Ricardo Coser
Published: September 2021

O conteúdo de uma disciplina de Gestão da Qualidade nos cursos de Engenharia de Produção tende a ser desenvolvido majoritariamente sem relacionar a teoria com atividades práticas. Para demonstrar que o uso de casos reais pode potencializar o ensino desse conteúdo curricular, desenvolveu-se e experiência relatada neste trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação desenvolvida a partir de um projeto de parceria entre uma empresa da indústria automotiva e uma universidade pública com o propósito de trazer casos de problemas reais relacionados direta ou indiretamente à ementa da disciplina de gestão da qualidade de um bacharelado em Engenharia de Produção. Elaboraram-se casos e treinamentos para serem aplicados em sala de aula, um projeto final que exigiu o trabalho em grupo e constante contato com a empresa para avaliação do avanço do projeto conforme relatórios e cronograma, aulas expositivas com o uso da literatura da subárea de Gestão da Qualidade como base teórica. Com base nesta experiência, cabe-se afirmar que é possível estabelecer com sucesso parcerias universidade-empresa para o desenvolvimento de ações conjuntas no âmbito do ensino de graduação de Engenharia. A empresa mostrou-se disposta à referida parceria com foco na formação de egressos em Engenharia de Produção, sendo que aspectos relacionados a possíveis barreiras quanto ao tempo de execução e resultados esperados foram aspectos de incentivo ao processo. Também os alunos se interessaram mais pelo conteúdo da disciplina mostrando autonomia e responsabilidade crescente enquanto corresponsáveis pela criação e construção de conhecimento.
MATHLIBRAS NO PARQUE DE DIVERSÕES: UMA ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA, MATEMÁTICA E DOS RECURSOS AUDIOVISUAIS
Authors: Grutzmann Thais Philipsen , Lebedeff Tatiana Bolivar , Campos Mayummi Aragão , Luz Helena Pinto da
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a análise realizada do vídeo Adição em Libras – Soma 5, do projeto MathLibras, a partir de eventos críticos selecionados pelos autores, acerca da narrativa construída, considerando a utilização de ao menos um dos três parâmetros: linguístico, matemático ou recursos audiovisuais. O projeto MathLibras é desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Pelotas e tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de videoaulas de Matemática em Libras. Salienta-se que o vídeo Soma 5 é uma produção original em Língua de Sinais e não uma tradução. Para a análise do vídeo, foram selecionadas algumas cenas, consideradas como eventos críticos pela equipe: (a) saco de pipoca, (b) carrossel, (c) trem-fantasma e (d) roda-gigante. Como conclusões, destaca-se o padrão na estratégia narrativa utilizada pelo ator/surdo, que é o uso consecutivo de classificadores e descrições imagéticas e, também, a compreensão de que os parâmetros que constroem a narrativa estão indissociados, evidenciando o trabalho conjunto feito pela equipe desde a produção inicial do vídeo, gravação, até a edição final.
Inclined loading of horizontal plate anchors in sand
Authors: Roy Anamitra , O'Loughlin Conleth D. , Chow Shiao Huey , Randolph Mark F.
Published: September 2021

The performance of plate anchors in sand, relative to clay, is not well understood, particularly for the more realistic case of an inclined load. This paper investigates the effect of load inclination on horizontal plate anchors in sand through centrifuge tests and numerical finite-element simulations. The centrifuge tests were performed on rectangular plate anchors in loose and dense sand, at shallow embedment depths with four different load inclinations. The experiments showed that the anchor capacity of horizontal plates increased progressively as the load inclination became progressively more horizontal, with anchor capacity under pure horizontal loading being approximately 1·8 times higher than that under pure vertical loading. These experimental observations were also replicated in finite-element simulations using a bounding surface plasticity model. Investigation of the underlying failure mechanisms and stress paths showed that the slip planes become longer and the mobilised lateral stresses increase as the load inclination becomes increasingly horizontal, which leads to higher anchor capacities. Finally, the anchor resistance factors from the numerical analyses were decoupled into vertical and horizontal components and represented as interaction diagrams, providing a basis for performing hand calculations of anchor capacity for a given embedment depth, load inclination and relative density.
Relation of Crossbite Malocclusions in Children with Breathing Illnesses and Environmental Pollution
Authors: HL Menchaca-Torre , R Carrillo-González , A Arias-Cruz , F Yépez-Rincón , HHH Torre-Martínez
Published: September 2021

Respiration requires the free passage of air through the nasopharyngeal duct. The obstruction of the respiratory canal may cause growth and development anomalies in young patients. Atmospheric pollution in urban areas increases respiratory allergies such as allergic rhinitis in the population. This research analyzed the relation between the variation in atmospheric pollution and allergic rhinitis with the incidence of posterior and anterior crossbite in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey. Patients between 5 to 16 years old were diagnosed with chronic allergic rhinitis. Patients were given dental exams to identify the presence of crossbite in the patients. The geographical location of their homes and concentration variation of ozone, PM2.5, PM10 and sulphur dioxide in three-year periods from 2004-2014 was analyzed using mapping techniques to establish if the increasing pollution concentrations are related to the presence of crossbite in patients with allergic rhinitis. In general, an increase in pollutant concentrations resulted in a significant increase of crossbite in patients. In conclusion, the increasing concentrations of air pollution and respiratory diseases are related to craniofacial growth and development anomalies.
El nuevo empirismo: musicología sistemática en una era postmodernista
Authors: Huron David
Published: September 2021

Se ofrece una panorámica de las corrientes intelectuales en la Filosofía del conocimiento y en la metodología de la investigación, con una retrospectiva que da cuenta de las diferencias que han surgido entre las disciplinas, tales como los métodos comúnmente usados en ciencia, historia o teoría literaria. El postmodernismo y el empirismo científico son descritos y presentados como dos lados de la misma moneda que llamamos escepticismo. Se propone que la elección metodológica para cualquier programa de investigación sea guiada (también) por consideraciones morales y estéticas. Un cuidadoso examen de estos riesgos puede sugerir el uso de un método no ortodoxo, como el cuantitativo en historia o el deconstructivo en ciencia. Se arguye que las herramientas metodológicas (como, por ejemplo, la navaja de Occam) no deberían ser confundidas como puntos de vista filosóficos universales. El artículo aboga por una ampliación de la educación en Metodología, tanto en las artes como en las disciplinas científicas y, en particular, favorece y defiende el uso de metodologías cuantitativas empíricas en varias áreas académicas de la música.
FindingNemo Library 2: Modified RAD004 v1
Authors: Cahyani Inswasti , Tyson John , Holmes Nadine , Quick Josh , Loman Nicholas , Loose Matthew
Published: September 2021

This sub-protocol is designed to prepare library from extracted ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) DNA to obtain ultra-long (UL) reads on Nanopore sequencers. The UL library protocol we tested here is based on ONT's rapid kit, i.e., SQK-RAD004, a transposase based adapter ligation kit. This Modified RAD004 protocol consistently produced N50 > 100 kb from a good input quality of UHMW DNA, for when ULK001 is not accessible/available. Transposase-based reaction is done in a large volume of up to 1 ml. The working principle of the RAD004 kit is shown in the diagram below:
DETECTOR SIMULATION FOR RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
Authors: Banzak O.V. , Maslov O.V. , Mokritsky V.A. , Leschenko O.I.
Published: September 2021

In the work, a model of primary transducer - gamma radiation sensor has been created. It is based on the following properties of a semiconductor crystal: maximum quantum efficiency; maximum mobility of charge carriers; minimum density of structural defects; maximum values of resistivity and density. The combination of these properties provides significant sensor sensitivity with a minimum crystal size. The inconsistency of this combination must be eliminated both in the process of crystal fabrication (for example, a high-resistance crystal is obtained by the simultaneous use of purification, components, and compensating doping) and subsequent processing by the methods proposed in this work (thermal field method, ionization annealing).

To register small signals, it is necessary to have minimal loss currents at sufficiently high voltages applied to the sensor. This means that the semiconductor material must be highly resistive.

Among the known materials for gamma radiation sensors, single crystals of CdxZn1-xTe solid solutions have an optimal combination of the properties listed above and the possibilities of their production.

The creation of a model gamma-radiation detector as a single system of primary and secondary converters is considered. It contains physical analysis and analytical presentation of processes occurring in CdZnTe-sensor and electronic preamplifier. It is shown that the charge collection in the sensor differs in time, which leads to a spread of signal pulses in duration and amplitude. In this regard, the model shows need to use a charge-sensitive preamplifier.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR DIGITAL WATERMARKS EMBEDDING INTO IMAGES BASED ON DCT-LWT-SVD
Authors: Akhmametieva A.V. , Baraniuk A.A.
Published: September 2021

Copyright protection of digital content is a rather actual problem of humanity in the 21st century. Misuses of multimedia content is very common, and their number is growing with each passing day. One type of copyright protection is the embedding of digital watermark (DW) in the content.

In this paper a new method of embedding digital watermark into image using discrete cosine transform, lifting wavelet transform (LWT) with maternal wavelet "Dobeshi-8" and singular coefficients decomposition is proposed. Embedding is performed into the first singular number of the low frequency wavelet transform region. As a digital watermark, we will use a grayscale image normalized to a range from zero to ten to provide a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).

The research analyzed the developed method: the method of embedding and detecting information was tested for its resistance to various types of attacks, namely: application of noise overlay (Gauss and pulse noise, "salt and pepper"), "unsharp" filter and median filter, and compression attack (with quality coefficients for a complete container from 60 to 100). As a result of the conducted testing, it was established that the method is quite resistant to all the attacks, except for the "unsharp" filtering (the resulting performance is not satisfactory).

The method showed good results in peak signal-to-noise ratio - the average PSNR value is 50.5 dB, as well as high rates of similarity between the embedded DW and the extracted one - from 77% to 97.6% while saving the full container in a lossless format, and up to 53, 05 dB and 91.96% while saving the image in a lossless format (JPEG).
SECURITY MODEL DISSEMINATION OF FORBIDDEN INFORMATION IN INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Authors: Lienkov S.V. , Dzhulij V.M. , Selyukov A.V. , Orlenko V.S. , Atamaniuk A.V.
Published: September 2021

The article proposes an approach to defining a security model for the dissemination of prohibited information in information and telecommunication networks.

The most effective prediction of the spread of the prohibited information threat is carried out by modeling this process. Information and telecommunication networks are large-scale networks with an ever-growing number of subscribers. With the rapid growth in the number of ITKS users, there are problems of information security and information protection in them.

The analysis of information security problems proved that apart from the problems associated with the use of the global Internet as a distributed information and telecommunication system, it is well known and can be solved, there is a poorly studied problem of prohibited content.

Creation of models and algorithms for the spread of the threat of prohibited information is one of the key approaches to solving this problem. The analysis of publications on this topic shows that existing solutions are ineffective. Usually, when modeling the propagation of a threat of prohibited information, the ITKS topology (the network model is a fully connected graph) is not taken into account. When modeling the threat of the spread of prohibited information, it is important to have a topology that reflects the structure of connections in a real network, as well as to use an adequate model of information interaction between nodes. Another important problem is the large-scale ITCS, which makes it difficult to obtain data from the simulation model in a reasonable time. The solution to this problem is to create an analytical model of the threat of the spread of prohibited information in the ITCS.

An algorithm has been developed for the implementation of TSPI (threat of the spread of prohibited information) in the ITKS, based on the nature of the processes occurring in real conditions.

The simulation model of TSPI in ITKS has been proposed, which takes into account the topological characteristics of the network, as well as the features of information interaction of subscribers as man-machine systems. With its help, experiments have been carried out, the results of which have shown the dependence of the implementation of the RFID on the topological vulnerability of the network.

An analytical model of the TSPI has been developed, taking into account the topological vulnerability of the network. The relevance of the results of the analytical solution was confirmed by a series of experiments on the topology of a real network using simulation modeling. In this case, the error for the protection process was no more than 10%, for the attack process - no more than 15%.
On the Problem of Creating a Model of the “School of the Future”
Authors: Lazarev V.S.
Published: September 2021

How would we like to see the school of the future? The answer to this question is searched in many countries, including Russia. The proposed conceptual solutions are based on different theoretical foundations, and this determines the key differences between them. The scientific school of developmental education has produced a model of the school of the future for primary school age, known as the “Elkonin-Davydov system”. The adolescent school model is still under development. Having based on the key provisions of the developmental education’s theory, the article proposes a vision of what the goals, content and forms of education in a adolescent school should be. The formation of the ability to be the subject of various types of socially significant activities is defined аs the central line of adolescent development. Thus the principal new psychological formation shaped by adolescent school is practical consciousness and the corresponding reasonable (meaningful) practical thinking. It is argued that in adolescent school, socially significant activity is implemented though project activity (designing). Project activity can become a form of development for students if, in the process of its implementation, they master this very activity. It means that the content of education should include both subject and meta-subject elements. Accordingly, the structures of action in learning activity should unfold in two dimensions: subject and meta-subject.
Uma análise da operação de hedge no etanol hidratado em uma usina do Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Moraes Alexandra Kelly , Sobral Marcos Felipe Falcão , Melo André de Souza
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo comparar as operações à vista e de hedge na comercialização do Etanol Hidratado em uma usina. Os preços futuros foram extraídos de séries históricas da BM&FBOVESPA enquanto que os valores à vista foram fornecidos por uma usina sucroalcooleira do Estado da Paraíba. Em seguida, foi avaliado o Teste Aumentado de Dickey-Fuller para verificar a estacionaridade do etanol e o Teste de Cointegração para descrever a relação do etanol a longo prazo. Por fim, mensurou-se a operação de hedge e a razão ótima e efetividade de hedge. Os resultados indicaram que o etanol hidratado apresenta um comportamento com movimentos oscilatórios com tendência para baixa e alta nos preços no mercado para ambas as variáveis: à vista e futuro. Identificou-se que o risco para o preço à vista foi de 21% enquanto que em operações futuras ficou em 9%. Esses resultados apontaram que, para minimizar o risco do preço à vista e futuro do etanol hidratado no Estado da Paraíba, os investidores devem se proteger mediante as operações do hedge.
Desempenho agronômico e qualidade dos grãos de genótipos de feijão-preto
Authors: Marconato Marcela Bonafin , Mingotte Fábio Luíz Checchio , Coelho Anderson Prates , Lemos Leandro Borges
Published: September 2021

A avaliação de genótipos de feijão-preto nos diversos ambientes de produção e anos agrícolas é essencial para a indicação dos materiais mais promissores aos produtores e programas de melhoramento. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade de grãos de cultivares comerciais e linhagens de feijão-preto cultivadas na safra de inverno e indicar os genótipos mais promissores dentro de cada grupo. O experimento foi realizado em dois anos agrícolas, no município de Jaboticabal (SP), Brasil. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por genótipos de feijão-preto, sendo quatro cultivares comerciais (BRS Esplendor, BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru, BRS 7762 Supremo) e dez linhagens (CNFP 11973, CNFP 11976, CNFP 11978, CNFP 11979, CNFP 11983, CNFP 11984, CNFP 11985, CNFP 11991, CNFP 11994 e CNFP 11995). As variáveis avaliadas foram os componentes de produção, produtividade e a qualidade dos grãos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e, quando significativo (p < 0,05), as médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott e Knott. Os genótipos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade genética para a qualidade dos grãos, sendo ainda influenciados pelo ano agrícola. A cultivar BRS 7762 Supremo apresenta desempenho agronômico e qualidade dos grãos superior às demais cultivares comerciais. A linhagem CNFP 11983 destaca-se das demais, apresentando produtividade e tempo de cozimento dos grãos semelhantes a cultivar comercial BRS 7762 Supremo, sendo recomendada para maiores estudos nos programas de melhoramento.
Percepção do consumidor do Estado de São Paulo sobre a carne bovina produzida na Amazônia
Authors: Raimundo Livia Maria Borges , Batalha Mario Otavio , Deliberador Lucas Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

A cadeia da carne bovina é uma das mais relevantes do agronegócio do Brasil. Esta relevância vai da sua importância econômica ao papel que ela ocupa na cultura e na dieta dos brasileiros. Nos últimos anos têm-se assistido uma expansão da pecuária bovina na região amazônica, suscitando intenso debate entre pecuaristas, frigoríficos, ambientalistas, governantes, entre outros. Aspectos ligados à sustentabilidade desta produção estão no centro destas controvérsias. Entretanto, de certa forma, este debate tem negligenciado o papel do consumidor. Visando contribuir com esta discussão, este artigo investigou a percepção do consumidor paulista sobre a carne bovina produzida na Amazônia. Desse modo, o artigo objetivou, através de uma pesquisa com 632 consumidores paulistas, entender como esta produção é percebida. Dentre os atributos do produto que foram considerados de maior importância na hora da compra destacaram-se a aparência, a data de validade e o teor de gordura da carne. Em contrapartida, o local de origem, selos de bem-estar animal e produção sustentável mostraram importância reduzida como fator determinante de compra para os entrevistados. Através de um modelo de equações estruturais verificou-se que preocupações com problemas socioambientais e bem-estar dos animais conferem uma percepção negativa à produção da carne na região Amazônica. Assim, parece claro que as estratégias concorrenciais dos agentes da cadeia de produção de carne da Amazônia devem considerar estes aspectos negativos da percepção do consumidor em suas políticas de valorização do produto nos mercados nacionais e internacionais.
Modelo híbrido de emissões de CO2 em Mato Grosso do Sul: aplicação na cadeia de frango de corte
Authors: Rodrigues Wesley Osvaldo Pradella , Frainer Daniel Massen , Eduardo Antonio Sérgio
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa quantificou o consumo energético e emissões de CO2 da cadeia de frango de corte, considerando a matriz híbrida de insumo-produto de Mato Grosso do Sul, utilizando dados de 2015. É calculada a intensidade de emissões de dióxido de carbono para sete setores da economia estadual, além de calcular os setores-chave por meio dos índices de ligação Rasmussen-Hirschman. A cadeia de frango de corte possui efeitos totais de emissão de 32,50 t CO2 a cada R$ 1 milhão, acrescidos nas atividades econômicas relacionadas à cadeia produtiva, e os índices de ligação apresentaram impactos no aumento das emissões de CO2 nos elos anteriores da cadeia produtiva. Os resultados fornecem informações sobre impactos econômicos e ambientais decorrentes de investimentos na cadeia produtiva.
Prevalência da hiperidrose primária e seu impacto no trabalho de profissionais de saúde
Authors: Jesus Carla Viviane Freitas de , Bastos Aline de Carvalho , Ferrari Yasmim Anayr Costa , Trindade Ana Luiza Rodrigues da , Dias Edna Santos , Carvalho Felipe Mendes de Andrade de , Lima Sonia Oliveira
Published: September 2021

Avaliar a prevalência e o impacto da Hiperidrose Primária (HP) nas atividades laborais de profissionais de saúde de um hospital público referência em urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada com profissionais de saúde de um hospital público referência em urgência e emergência do Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário critérios de diagnósticos, de qualidade de vida e sobre impacto da HP nas atividades laborais. Empregaram-se os testes Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Participaram do estudo 658 profissionais; a prevalência de HP encontrada foi 11%. Dos portadores de HP, 43% relataram apresentar dificuldades durante as atividades laborativas. Todas as atividades laborais no âmbito da saúde foram referidas com limitações na sua execução pelos profissionais avaliados, sendo a mais referida a escrita (88%), seguida da utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual (81%). A HP teve prevalência relevante nos profissionais de saúde com comprometimento negativo importante na sua qualidade de vida e laboral.
Concordância entre o Índice de Massa Corporal e a Mini Avaliação Nutricional em idosos
Authors: Pereira Débora dos Santos , Oliveira Mariane Helen de , Souza Andressa Moura , Pereira Marlus Henrique Queiroz , Teles Bruno Klecius Andrade , Souza Adna Luciana de , Pereira Maria Luiza Amorim Sena
Published: September 2021

Avaliar a concordância entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) para avaliação do estado nutricional de idosos. Estudo transversal, analítico descritivo, com idosos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional pelo IMC e pela MAN, e foi descrito o perfil sociodemográfico, de comorbidades e estilo de vida. A correlação entre os indicadores foi calculada pelo teste de Spearman e a concordância avaliada através do estimador de Bland-Altman. Segundo o IMC, 29% dos idosos apresentaram baixo peso, enquanto a MAN demonstrou que 35% estavam desnutridos ou risco de desnutrição. A MAN apresentou diferença de média de -0,29 para o IMC e correlação positiva (rho = 0,35; p = 0,01). Houve concordância entre os métodos utilizados para avaliação do estado nutricional de idosos, sendo observada elevada prevalência de baixo peso, assim como de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição.
Comparison of Fracture Strengths among different Commonly Placed Anterior Esthetic Restorations for Primary Dentition: An in vitro study
Authors: Lin Brent , Khatri Amit , Hong Michael
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the shear force (N) required to fracture or dislodge an all-ceramic zirconia-based crown using different luting cement with those of polycarbonate crown and strip crown for the primary anterior teeth in vitro. Study design: Four groups of esthetic restoration for primary anterior teeth were tested for fracture strength: 1) Fifteen all-ceramic zirconia-based crowns cemented with glass ionomer cement, 2) Fifteen all-ceramic zirconia-based crowns bonded with a self-adhesive resin cement, 3) Fifteen polycarbonate crowns cemented with a polymer reinforced zinc-oxide eugenol and 4) Fifteen resin strip crowns. All restorations were placed and cemented on reproductions of dies in an independent laboratory at Delhi, India. All samples underwent loading until fracture or dislodgement with the Universal Testing Machine. The force in Newton (N) required to produce failure was recorded for each sample and the type of failures was also noted and characterized. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the Tukey and Scheffe’s post hoc comparisons were used for statistical analyses. Results: In this invitro study, results were measured in Newtons (N). Group 1 (410.9±79.5 N) and Group 2 (420.5±57.8 N) had higher fracture strength than Group 3 (330.3±85.6 N) and Group 4 (268.4±28.2 N). These differences were statistically significant at P≤.05 among the sample groups. No significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.984) nor between groups 3 and 4 (P =0.104). Among type of failures, majority of restoration fractures for zirconia-based crowns and resin strip crowns were due to cohesive failures and polycarbonate crowns had predominantly mixed failures. Conclusions: Under the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that all-ceramic zirconia-based crowns attained the highest fracture strength among all restorative samples tested regardless of the type of luting agent employed (P<.01). Cohesive failures were commonly observed in the zirconia crowns and resin strip crowns, whereas polycarbonate crowns revealed predominately mixed failures.
Effect of Fixing Earthquake Depth in ShakeAlert Algorithms on Performance for Intraslab Earthquakes
Authors: Thompson Mika , Hartog J. Renate , Wirth Erin A.
Published: September 2021

We investigate whether assuming a fixed shallow depth in the ShakeAlert network-based earthquake early warning system is sufficient to produce accurate ground-motion based alerts for intraslab earthquakes. ShakeAlert currently uses a fixed focal depth of 8 km to estimate earthquake location and magnitude. This is an appropriate way to reduce computational costs without compromising alert accuracy in California, where earthquakes typically occur on shallow crustal faults. In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), however, the most common moderate-magnitude events occur within the subducting Juan de Fuca slab at depths between ∼35 and 65 km. Using a dataset of seismic recordings from 37 Mw 4.5+ intraslab earthquakes from the PNW and Chile, we replay events through the Earthquake Point-Source Integrated Code and eqInfo2GM algorithms to estimate source parameters and compute modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) alert threshold contours. Each event is replayed twice—once using a fixed 8 km depth and a second time using the actual catalog earthquake depth. For each depth scenario, we analyze MMI III and IV contours using various performance metrics to determine the number of correctly alerted sites and measure warning times. We determine that shallow depth replays are more likely to produce errors in location estimates of greater than 50 km if the event is located outside of a seismic network. When located within a seismic network, shallow and catalog depth replays have similar epicenter estimates. Results show that applying catalog earthquake depth does not improve the accuracy of magnitude estimates or MMI alert threshold contours, or increase warning times. We conclude that using a fixed shallow earthquake depth for intraslab earthquakes will not significantly impact alert accuracy in the PNW.
Iconografía musical y musicografía dinámica
Authors: Calatayud Patricio F.
Published: September 2021

La lectura e interpretación musicales son el objeto del texto. No es sorpresa que los intérpretes que se acercan a la música escrita después de la segunda mitad del siglo XX mencionen problemas de legibilidad al abordar sus escrituras. La expansión de las formas tradicionales de notación musical —manuscrita— y su escritura en computadoras —mecanografiada— propone retos que, de no ser resueltos, pueden seguir dañando la relación entre compositores e intérpretes musicales.
Aunque los modos de ver pictóricos parecen lejanos al habitus musical, dentro de ellos se encuentran indicios o elementos que permiten diseñar algo como un boceto de ortografía musical para partituras complejas, tal como las dinámicas —aquellas que se mueven mientras dura la interpretación de la obra. Así pues, nuestro objeto de estudio será la notación musical que, aunque destinada a la interpretación prosódica y lírica, tiene numerosos usos, entre los que se encuentran aquellos que le da el arte plástico. De esta manera, observamos primero un indicio remoto, para concentrarnos en el movimiento Fluxus, la instalación sonora y terminar con la sinestesia; esta observación será explícita mediante las metodologías que utilizan los artistas plásticos de la notación musical. Finalmente, concluimos con una liga hacia la visualización de la notación realizada por las Partituras Digitales Dinámicas y, entre estas dos líneas, emitimos hipótesis para el diseño de la lectura del movimiento en las partituras que utilizan notación musical dinámica.
Effectiveness of first trimester ultrasound screening in reduction of postdated labor induction rate
Authors: Koirala Saugat , Thakur Achala , Rai Rubina , Thapa Baburam Dixit , Pant Ashok Raj
Published: September 2021

Background: The gestational age calculation by ultrasonography (USG) at first trimester is based on crown-rump length is more accurate, less erratic than last menstrual period based dating. Utilization of first trimester based scanning in dating the pregnancy will reduce the labor induction rate and consequently reduce the morbidity related to induction of labor.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was done among 314 booked antenatal women visiting department of obstetrics and gynecology, BPKIHS for regular check-up between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation. Expected date of delivery was calculated from crown rump length (CRL) of the first trimester scan for USG group while last menstrual period was taken to calculate expected date of delivery for LMP group and were called for induction at 41 weeks of gestation. The rates of labor induction, emergency cesarean section (CS) among induced group, indication of CS and mode of delivery were compared in both the groups.Results: There was 14% labor induction rate in USG group and 24.2% in LMP (last menstrual period) group and differed significantly (p=0.022). There was no difference in the mode of delivery among participants in either groups. The rate of emergency CS among women undergoing induction of labor was 54.5% and 39.5% respectively for USG and LMP groups (p=0.258). Overall, non-reassuring fetal heart rate was the most common indication for CS in both the groups.Conclusions: The finding suggests first trimester scan among all pregnancies will reduce the post-dated inductions, as well as need of CS.
Mini craniotomy for chronic subdural haematoma: surgical outcome from a single institution experience and predictors of success
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Nazrul , Rashid Mohammad HUmayun , Eva Israt Zerin , Bhuiyan M. Sharif , Al Mamun Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an increasingly common neurological disease in daily neurosurgical practice. Despite the wide prevalence of CSDH, there remains a lack of consensus regarding numerous aspects of its surgical management. The diagnosis and treatment are well established but there are different surgical procedures and outcome related to these procedures are not completely understood.Methods: The study conducted was conducted in department of neurosurgery at Ibrahim cardiac hospital and research institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2019 to July 2020, 105 patients were treated for chronic subdural haematoma This study evaluated the clinical features, radiological findings and surgical outcome by mini craniotomy assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS) score and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score in a large series of patients treated at single institution.Results: At 6 months follow up, only one patient died (0.95%) because of co-morbidities and not directly related to the chronic subdural haematoma, 15 patients (14.3%) improved to mRS 0, 33.33% showed only mild symptoms without any significant disability-mRS 1, slight disability was observed in 28.5% patients, moderate disability was observed in 17.14% patients-mRS 3, moderately severe disability was observed in 5.7%-mRS 4.Conclusions: GOS score at 6 months follow up which shows majority of the patient improved to GOS score 4 (45.71%) and 5 (38.09%). Based on these results, among various method of surgical management, mini craniotomy provides better outcome.
Effectiveness of topical sunscreen use to prevent skin cancers: systematic review
Authors: Sari Luh Putu Venny Cempaka
Published: September 2021

Topical sunscreen is a potential modality to prevent skin cancer development in vulnerable people although few study has evaluated its effectiveness in clinical setting. This study is aimed to review most recently available evidence on the clinical effectiveness of topical sunscreen in preventing skin cancers. We identified literature from online databases including Pubmed and Google Scholar and included population-based study evaluating the effect of sunscreen usage and risk of skin cancers, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) either as primary objective or as a confounder in multivariate analysis. Data form included articles was harvested and analyzed with thematic analysis. Final analysis included 11 articles. Of these, 6 reported results on melanoma, 4 reported on BCC, and 3 on SCC. Overall, there was conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of topical sunscreen in preventing skin cancer. Available evidence found that topical sunscreen was most effective in preventing melanoma and SCC. However, there was considerable heterogenicity in study design and definition of sunscreen treatment between included articles that may affect the results. There are no consensus among included articles, including among RCTs, on the ideal topical sunscreen regiment to prevent skin cancer. There are conflicting evidence on the clinical effectiveness of topical sunscreen to prevent skin cancer although evidence suggest that it would be effective in preventing melanoma and SCC. More clinical studies should be conducted with special emphasis on ensuring subject apply the sunscreen correctly and consistently.
Role of counseling in the prevention of childhood obesity
Authors: Alradha Abdulaziz Habib , Aljumaie Maha Aid , Alanzi Reem Basher , Alqurashi Bushra Haider , Aldhawi Faris Saleh , Alqayawi Nura Saleh , Alahmadi Mariah Omar , Farran Raneem Ibrahim , Alayyafi Wed Ahmed , Niyazi Razan Abdulshakur , Alsadq Sumih Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Children tend to gain weight and develop obesity by the age of 9 months old. Therefore, it is essential to apply early interventions as early as this period because childhood obesity does not usually spontaneously resolve by age. Medical counseling with obese children and their caregivers is an essential interventional approach that can enhance the quality of care and the related outcomes. In this literature review, we have discussed the role of professional counseling in the management of pediatric obesity. Healthcare professionals can help caregivers to establish proper dietary intake with specific amounts of calories based on the administered food items per day to maintain healthy dietary habits. Taking care of any associated morbidities should also be considered. For instance, adequate care should be provided for obese children with DM to help them maintain optimal blood glucose levels by using healthy diets, exercising, and taking blood glucose-lowering medications. However, precautions should be considered as these patients might be subjected to hypoglycemic attacks as a result, which might increase their morbidity and mortality. Children and caregivers' education is a critical approach to enhance compliance and increase awareness of the management and interventions. Finally, further efforts should also be directed to the healthcare givers to make them more aware of the benefits of sticking to the guidelines and the importance of counseling in prevention and management.
Multicranial neuropathy secondary to endolymphatic sac tumor
Authors: Hussain Tanvir , Crotty Thomas J. , Cleere Eoin F. , Corbett Mel , Patil Aishan , Choo Marcus
Published: September 2021

Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST) are rare neuroectodermal neoplasms arising from the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac or duct. Despite their benign histopathological features, ELSTs frequently demonstrate a locally destructive growth pattern with involvement of the skull base and cranial nerves. While ELSTs may arise sporadically, the majority of cases occur in association with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. ELSTs are commonly diagnosed late due to their slow growing nature and non-specific symptomatology. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. However, due to the location of these tumors in the lateral skull base surgical intervention carries a high risk of injury to critical neurovascular structures in close proximity. We presented the case of a 51 years old gentleman with a three-months history of hearing loss and otalgia. He subsequently developed multiple cranial neuropathies and was diagnosed with a sporadic ELST. He underwent a complete surgical resection and received adjuvant radiotherapy.  
Mecanismos que fortalecen la integración: redes de migrantes y permisos de permanencia en los procesos migratorios
Authors: Romero Nicolás , Uribe Laura
Published: September 2021

La crisis social desatada por la pandemia del Covid-19 ha agravado la condición de vulnerabilidad de los migrantes venezolanos. Lo anterior genera la necesidad de identificar mecanismos que favorezcan el bienestar de esta población. En este sentido, este documento destaca que las redes de migrantes y la posibilidad de acceder a un permiso de permanencia (caso de estudio PEP-RAMV) son mecanismos que facilitan distintas instancias del proceso migratorio en Colombia. En el caso de las redes, los resultados identifican que estas son indispensables para resolver diferentes necesidades, pero cobran especial relevancia en momentos críticos (llegada a Colombia, enfrentando los estragos de la pandemia, entre otros). Mientras que el permiso de permanencia PEP-RAMV otorgó la posibilidad de acceder a mercados formales, salud y educación, lo cual generó una sensación de respaldo por parte del gobierno a una población que de otra forma tendría profundas dificultades para integrarse a la sociedad colombiana. Para explorar el potencial de estos mecanismos, el siguiente documento describe, de forma general, la importancia de las redes de migrantes y el PEP-RAMV durante los procesos migratorios, luego se señala que ambos son mecanismos diferentes, pero tienen puntos de encuentro y finalmente se describe la situación de ambos en torno a distintas afectaciones en los hogares generados por el Covid-19.
La violencia intrafamiliar y su transmisión intergeneracional: el caso de México
Authors: Flores Iván , Székely Miguel , Vélez-Grajales Viviana
Published: September 2021

La violencia es un obstáculo para el desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe y una de las principales preocupaciones de su población. Los jóvenes son las principales víctimas y victimarios. Este estudio contribuye a expandir el conocimiento sobre la transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia intrafamiliar, considerada como una de las posibles causas del crimen y la violencia juvenil. En el estudio se establece la importancia de la transmisión de violencia intrafamiliar de padres/madres a hijos/as e incluso de abuelos/as a nietos/as como un factor de riesgo del desarrollo de comportamientos violentos a futuro. El análisis parte de los datos de la Encuesta de Movilidad Social de los Jóvenes en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México 2017. La violencia intrafamiliar se midió construyendo tres variables: violencia observada, sufrida y ejercida, cuantificándolas de las respuestas de encuestas a padres e hijos para medir la violencia a la que estuvieron expuestas ambas generaciones. Los resultados revelan que las asociaciones de la transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia intrafamiliar sobreviven a controles por violencia geográfica; existe una relación positiva entre la violencia juvenil y haber crecido en un hogar donde había violencia intrafamiliar reflejada en violencia de pareja, maltrato infantil y actitudes que favorecen la violencia; y la probabilidad de ejercer violencia contra la pareja es mayor de mujer a hombre. El estudio concluye que las políticas públicas para prevenir y atender la violencia intrafamiliar deben considerar servicios de prevención social de la violencia atendiendo a todos integrantes de la familia con antecedentes criminales y conductas de violencia intrafamiliar con programas específicos y adecuados según su perfil de riesgo.
Onboarding digital
Authors: Nabalón Iván , Herrera Diego , Vadillo Sonia
Published: September 2021

Este documento describe los retos para la apertura remota de cuentas que impiden el acceso a servicios financieros digitales, y recomendaciones para superarlos. El proceso de digitalización de los servicios financieros se ha consolidado inesperadamente con la evolución de la pandemia global provocada por el Covid-19. Los cambios en las preferencias de los consumidores, la emergencia de plataformas Fintech, la adopción de tecnologías por parte de instituciones financieras tradicionales, entre otros factores, han llevado al sector financiero a ofrecer más servicios y productos digitales. Pese a esta rápida evolución, la inclusión financiera digital no se ha aumentado tanto como se hubiera supuesto por las dificultades con el “onboarding” digital, definido como el proceso electrónico que permite la identificación de un consumidor financiero frente a una institución financiera y cuyo resultado genera una confianza equivalente a un proceso presencial. Para que sea efectivo, requiere de una confianza equivalente a la que ofrecen los canales presenciales. Es decir, a la identificación realizada históricamente por parte de las instituciones financieras en las oficinas comerciales. Este texto identifica los retos para poder llevar a cabo el proceso, incluyendo aquellos relacionados con la identidad digital, los procesos para la prevención del lavado de activos y financiación del terrorismo, las tecnologías existentes, entre otros. También ofrece alternativas para la puesta en marcha de procesos de onboarding digital, y ofrece recomendaciones a reguladores y hacedores de política en la región.