bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The song in the booth
Authors: Henriksen Line
Published: May 2013

This article applies the notion of formulaic language production, crucial to studies of oral cultures and specifically to the composition
of the Homeric poems, to simultaneous interpreting. The definition of the Homeric formula presented by Milman Parry is adjusted to fit the
SI context. It is argued that formulaic language production enhances the homogeneity of the SI output and, in an EU context, also that of
individual booths, as interpreters tend to borrow formulaic phrases from colleagues. This process, which is seen as part of the overall
creation of EU discourse, is connected to the concept of oral textualisation, also borrowed from Homeric studies. The study specifically
discusses the Danish booth in the Joint Interpretation Service of the European Commission, and demonstrates the existence of formulas in an
experiment in which ten Danish colleagues interpreted the same English and German speeches. The aesthetic and normative definitions of the
formula as stereotype in, among others, Seleskovitch is discussed.
When apes point the finger
Authors: Tempelmann Sebastian , Kaminski Juliane , Liebal Katja
Published: May 2013

In contrast to apes’ seemingly sophisticated skill at producing pointing gestures referentially, the comprehension of other individual’s pointing gestures as a source of indexical information seems to be less pronounced.One reason for apes’ difficulty at comprehending pointing gestures might be that in former studies they were mainly confronted with human declarative pointing gestures, whereas apes have largely been shown to point imperatively and towards humans. In the present study bonobos, chimpanzees and orangutans were confronted with a conspecific’s imperative pointing gesture in a competitive context, therefore mirroring former studies that have investigated apes’ skills at producing these gestures.However, apes in the present study did not use their conspecific’s pointing gestures. Apes have been shown to use indexical information when provided noncommunicatively and to interpret other individuals’ actions in terms of motives. Thus, it is discussed whether apes treat a pointing gesture as intentional act of indexical reference.
Pursuing multiple goals in European Parliamentary Debates
Authors: Mohammed Dima
Published: May 2013

In this paper I shed light on the multi-purposive nature of debates in the European Parliament. As a case in point, I examine a debate on immigration in the wake of a migratory crisis in the Italian island of Lampedusa in early 2011. I analyze the points of view argued for by MEPs, aiming at identifying the different institutional goals that are typically pursued and characterizing the ways in which these goals shape the argumentative exchanges. The link between the multiple goals communicators have and the discourse choices they make can be assumed on the basis of previous research (see Craig 1990; Jacobs et al. 1991; Tracy 1984; Tracy and Coupland 1990). In line with the pragma-dialectical view of argumentative discourse taking place in the context of more or less institutionalized argumentative activity types (van Eemeren 2010), institutional goals are understood as those goals that can be attributed to arguers on the basis of the type of activity in which they are engaged. In identifying the institutional goals, I follow Craig (1986, 1990) and consider not only goals which are intentional, formal, and directly responsible for a certain discourse choice, but also goals which are functional, strategic, and only indirectly responsible for discourse choices. The analysis shows that the MEPs pursued three kinds of goals: goals that are 1) assigned to them by the occasion of the debate; 2) related to the powers of Parliament; and 3) associated with the different identities they assume in Parliament. While the pursuit of the occasion-related and powers-related goals gave rise to multiple simultaneous discussions, the pursuit of the identity-related goals guided the MEPs’ choices and formulations in these discussions.
Deliberation digitized
Authors: Aakhus Mark
Published: May 2013

A specific issue for argumentation theory is whether information and communication technologies (ICTs) play any role in governing argument — that is, as parties engage in practical activities across space and time via ICTs, does technology matter for the interplay of argumentative content and process in managing disagreement? The case made here is that technologies do matter because they are not merely conduits of communication but have a role in the pragmatics of communication and argumentation. In particular, ICTs should be recognized as communication-information services that are delegated degrees of responsibility for managing disagreements arising from practical activities. These services are organized around practical theories for designing disagreement space. However, recognizing this relationship between argument and technology requires accounting for procedures, techniques, or rules (i.e., such as found in technology) and speech acts that are not argumentative propositions in any strict sense but that are consequential for what becomes argumentation in any setting. An account about designing disagreement space, grounded in Jackson and Jacobs’s theory of Disagreement Management, is put forward to address these issues while more generally contributing to understanding argument in context.
(How) do participants in online discussion forums create ‘echo chambers’?
Authors: Edwards Arthur
Published: May 2013

This paper examines the proposition advanced by Sunstein (2001) and other scholars that political online forums tend to be characterized by in-group homogeneity and group polarization. The paper adopts a process view of online forums and examines discussions within a time perspective. Five discussion lines on Climategate.nl (a skeptical Dutch online forum on climate change) are investigated. The research focuses on how participants react to the participation of dissidents and on the resulting processes of inclusion and exclusion. Climategate.nl moved in the direction of an ‘echo chamber’ gradually over time. Nevertheless, the forum was never completely homogeneous. The editors played an active role in the inclusion and exclusion of dissidents. A counter-steering moderation policy is needed to keep group polarization and homogenization within certain limits.
A political-semiotic introduction to the Estonian “bronze-night” discourse
Authors: Selg Peeter
Published: May 2013

On April 26–27, 2007 Estonia witnessed its largest civil unrest since the country’s regaining of independence in 1991. The mass riots related to government’s displacement of a memorial (containing a bronze statue) from the centre of Estonia’s capital to a military cemetery a couple of kilometers away came to be referred to as “bronze-night” in Estonian public discourse. Using a framework based on Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, Jakobson’s model of communication and concepts from semiotics and political analysis it provides an initial chart of the discourse unified around this empty signifier “bronze-night”
Strategies of reframing language policy in the liberal state
Authors: Petrovic John E. , Kuntz Aaron M.
Published: May 2013

Political liberalism is frequently invoked in policy debates in the Western world even as Interpretation and application of the individual tenets vary. Drawing upon recent invocations of liberalism among policy leaders and groups, this article seeks to tease out some of the interpretational differences of liberalism, noting how liberalism is invoked to support radically different language policy agendas. The authors discuss the importance of understanding liberalism as a cognitive frame that shapes relations of meaning with both productive and reductive consequences especially vis-a-vis what they term “language-positive liberalism.” The authors argue that three specific strategies of political engagement emerge from such understanding. Building on the work of Stroud (2010), the authors offer a model that highlights the recursive nature of political and sociolinguistic discourses.
Order-distance and other metric-like functions on jointly distributed random variables
Authors: Dzhafarov Ehtibar , Kujala Janne
Published: May 2013

We construct a class of real-valued nonnegative binary functions on a set of jointly distributed random variables. These functions satisfy the triangle inequality and vanish at identical arguments (pseudo-quasi-metrics). We apply these functions to the problem of selective probabilistic causality encountered in behavioral sciences and in quantum physics. The problem reduces to that of ascertaining the existence of a joint distribution for a set of variables with known distributions of certain subsets of this set. Any violation of the triangle inequality by one of our functions when applied to such a set rules out the existence of the joint distribution. We focus on an especially versatile and widely applicable class of pseudo-quasi-metrics called order-distances. We show, in particular, that the Bell-CHSH-Fine inequalities of quantum physics follow from the triangle inequalities for appropriately defined order-distances.
Metamorphosis revealed: time-lapse three-dimensional imaging inside a living chrysalis
Authors: Lowe Tristan , Garwood Russell J. , Simonsen Thomas J. , Bradley Robert S. , Withers Philip J.
Published: May 2013

Studies of model insects have greatly increased our understanding of animal development. Yet, they are limited in scope to this small pool of model species: a small number of representatives for a hyperdiverse group with highly varied developmental processes. One factor behind this narrow scope is the challenging nature of traditional methods of study, such as histology and dissection, which can preclude quantitative analysis and do not allow the development of a single individual to be followed. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) to overcome these issues, and three-dimensionally image numerous lepidopteran pupae throughout their development. The resulting models are presented in the electronic supplementary material, as are figures and videos, documenting a single individual throughout development. They provide new insight and details of lepidopteran metamorphosis, and allow the measurement of tracheal and gut volume. Furthermore, this study demonstrates early and rapid development of the tracheae, which become visible in scans just 12 h after pupation. This suggests that there is less remodelling of the tracheal system than previously expected, and is methodologically important because the tracheal system is an often-understudied character system in development. In the future, this form of time-lapse CT-scanning could allow faster and more detailed developmental studies on a wider range of taxa than is presently possible.
Structures in the microwave background radiation
Authors: Meissner Krzysztof A. , Nurowski Paweł , Ruszczycki Błażej
Published: May 2013

We compare the actual Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe maps with artificial, purely statistical maps of the same harmonic content to argue that there are, with confidence level 99.7 per cent, ring-type structures in the observed cosmic microwave background.
Discrete flow mapping: transport of phase space densities on triangulated surfaces
Authors: Chappell David J. , Tanner Gregor , Löchel Dominik , Søndergaard Niels
Published: May 2013

Energy distributions of high-frequency linear wave fields are often modelled in terms of flow or transport equations with ray dynamics given by a Hamiltonian vector field in phase space. Applications arise in underwater and room acoustics, vibroacoustics, seismology, electromagnetics and quantum mechanics. Related flow problems based on general conservation laws are used, for example, in weather forecasting or in molecular dynamics simulations. Solutions to these flow equations are often large-scale, complex and high-dimensional, leading to formidable challenges for numerical approximation methods. This paper presents an efficient and widely applicable method, called
discrete flow mapping
, for solving such problems on triangulated surfaces. An application in structural dynamics, determining the vibroacoustic response of a cast aluminium car body component, is presented.
Stability of within-host–parasite communities in a wild mammal system
Authors: Knowles Sarah C. L. , Fenton Andy , Petchey Owen L. , Jones Trevor R. , Barber Rebecca , Pedersen Amy B.
Published: May 2013

Simultaneous infection by multiple parasite species is ubiquitous in nature. Interactions among co-infecting parasites may have important consequences for disease severity, transmission and community-level responses to perturbations. However, our current view of parasite interactions in nature comes primarily from observational studies, which may be unreliable at detecting interactions. We performed a perturbation experiment in wild mice, by using an anthelminthic to suppress nematodes, and monitored the consequences for other parasite species. Overall, these parasite communities were remarkably stable to perturbation. Only one non-target parasite species responded to deworming, and this response was temporary: we found strong, but short-lived, increases in the abundance of
Eimeria
protozoa, which share an infection site with the dominant nematode species, suggesting local, dynamic competition. These results, providing a rare and clear experimental demonstration of interactions between helminths and co-infecting parasites in wild vertebrates, constitute an important step towards understanding the wider consequences of similar drug treatments in humans and animals.
Cooperation creates selection for tactical deception
Authors: McNally Luke , Jackson Andrew L.
Published: May 2013

Conditional social behaviours such as partner choice and reciprocity are held to be key mechanisms facilitating the evolution of cooperation, particularly in humans. Although how these mechanisms select for cooperation has been explored extensively, their potential to select simultaneously for complex cheating strategies has been largely overlooked. Tactical deception, the misrepresentation of the state of the world to another individual, may allow cheaters to exploit conditional cooperation by tactically misrepresenting their past actions and/or current intentions. Here we first use a simple game-theoretic model to show that the evolution of cooperation can create selection pressures favouring the evolution of tactical deception. This effect is driven by deception weakening cheater detection in conditional cooperators, allowing tactical deceivers to elicit cooperation at lower costs, while simple cheats are recognized and discriminated against. We then provide support for our theoretical predictions using a comparative analysis of deception across primate species. Our results suggest that the evolution of conditional strategies may, in addition to promoting cooperation, select for astute cheating and associated psychological abilities. Ultimately, our ability to convincingly lie to each other may have evolved as a direct result of our cooperative nature.
Divergent allele advantage at MHC-DRB through direct and maternal genotypic effects and its consequences for allele pool composition and mating
Authors: Lenz Tobias L. , Mueller Birte , Trillmich Fritz , Wolf Jochen B. W.
Published: May 2013

It is still debated whether main individual fitness differences in natural populations can be attributed to genome-wide effects or to particular loci of outstanding functional importance such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In a long-term monitoring project on Galápagos sea lions (
Zalophus wollebaeki
), we collected comprehensive fitness and mating data for a total of 506 individuals. Controlling for genome-wide inbreeding, we find strong associations between the MHC locus and nearly all fitness traits. The effect was mainly attributable to MHC sequence divergence and could be decomposed into contributions of own and maternal genotypes. In consequence, the population seems to have evolved a pool of highly divergent alleles conveying near-optimal MHC divergence even by random mating. Our results demonstrate that a single locus can significantly contribute to fitness in the wild and provide conclusive evidence for the ‘
divergent allele advantage
’ hypothesis, a special form of balancing selection with interesting evolutionary implications.
Costly reproductive competition between females in a monogamous cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Nelson-Flower Martha J. , Hockey Philip A. R. , O'Ryan Colleen , English Sinead , Thompson Alex M. , Bradley Katharine , Rose Rebecca , Ridley Amanda R.
Published: May 2013

In many cooperatively breeding societies, only a few socially dominant individuals in a group breed, reproductive skew is high, and reproductive conflict is common. Surprisingly, the effects of this conflict on dominant reproductive success in vertebrate societies have rarely been investigated, especially in high-skew societies. We examine how subordinate female competition for breeding opportunities affects the reproductive success of dominant females in a monogamous cooperatively breeding bird, the Southern pied babbler (
Turdoides bicolor
). In this species, successful subordinate reproduction is very rare, despite the fact that groups commonly contain sexually mature female subordinates that could mate with unrelated group males. However, we show that subordinate females compete with dominant females to breed, and do so far more often than expected, based on the infrequency of their success. Attempts by subordinates to obtain a share of breeding impose significant costs on dominant females: chicks fledge from fewer nests, more nests are abandoned before incubation begins, and more eggs are lost. Dominant females appear to attempt to reduce these costs by aggressively suppressing potentially competitive subordinate females. This empirical evidence provides rare insight into the nature of the conflicts between females and the resultant costs to reproductive success in cooperatively breeding societies.
Phototropins Function in High-Intensity Blue Light-Induced Hypocotyl Phototropism in Arabidopsis by Altering Cytosolic Calcium
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Wang Yan-Liang , Qiao Xin-Rong , Wang Jin , Wang Lin-Dan , Xu Chang-Shui , Zhang Xiao
Published: May 2013

Phototropins (phot1 and phot2), the blue light receptors in plants, regulate hypocotyl phototropism in a fluence-dependent manner. Especially under high fluence rates of blue light (HBL), the redundant function mediated by both phot1 and phot2 drastically restricts the understanding of the roles of phot2. Here, systematic analysis of phototropin-related mutants and overexpression transgenic lines revealed that HBL specifically induced a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls and that the increase in [Ca2+]cyt was primarily attributed to phot2. Pharmacological and genetic experiments illustrated that HBL-induced Ca2+ increases were modulated differently by phot1 and phot2. Phot2 mediated the HBL-induced increase in [Ca2+]cyt mainly by an inner store-dependent Ca2+-release pathway, not by activating plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Further analysis showed that the increase in [Ca2+]cyt was possibly responsible for HBL-induced hypocotyl phototropism. An inhibitor of auxin efflux carrier exhibited significant inhibitions of both phototropism and increases in [Ca2+]cyt, which indicates that polar auxin transport is possibly involved in HBL-induced responses. Moreover, PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE1 (PKS1), the phototropin-related signaling element identified, interacted physically with phototropins, auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 and calcium-binding protein CALMODULIN4, in vitro and in vivo, respectively, and HBL-induced phototropism was impaired in pks multiple mutants, indicating the role of the PKS family in HBL-induced phototropism. Together, these results provide new insights into the functions of phototropins and highlight a potential integration point through which Ca2+ signaling-related HBL modulates hypocotyl phototropic responses.
Golgi Traffic and Integrity Depend on N-Myristoyl Transferase-1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Renna Luciana , Stefano Giovanni , Majeran Wojciech , Micalella Chiara , Meinnel Thierry , Giglione Carmela , Brandizzi Federica
Published: May 2013

N-myristoylation is a crucial irreversible eukaryotic lipid modification allowing a key subset of proteins to be targeted at the periphery of specific membrane compartments. Eukaryotes have conserved N-myristoylation enzymes, involving one or two N-myristoyltransferases (NMT1 and NMT2), among which NMT1 is the major enzyme. In the postembryonic developmental stages, defects in NMT1 lead to aberrant cell polarity, flower differentiation, fruit maturation, and innate immunity; however, no specific NMT1 target responsible for such deficiencies has hitherto been identified. Using a confocal microscopy forward genetics screen for the identification of Arabidopsis thaliana secretory mutants, we isolated STINGY, a recessive mutant with defective Golgi traffic and integrity. We mapped STINGY to a substitution at position 160 of Arabidopsis NMT1 (NMT1A160T). In vitro kinetic studies with purified NMT1A160T enzyme revealed a significant reduction in its activity due to a remarkable decrease in affinity for both myristoyl-CoA and peptide substrates. We show here that this recessive mutation is responsible for the alteration of Golgi traffic and integrity by predominantly affecting the Golgi membrane/cytosol partitioning of ADP-ribosylation factor proteins. Our results provide important functional insight into N-myristoylation in plants by ascribing postembryonic functions of Arabidopsis NMT1 that involve regulation of the functional and morphological integrity of the plant endomembranes.
Cathodic protection design of the 220 kV substation grounding grids
Authors: Dong Xinlu , Yang Daowu , Guan Xiaoxiao , Du Min , Liu Di
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Reliable grounding is an important condition for the stable operation of substations and cathodic protection is one of the electrochemical protection technologies for substation grounding grids. The purpose of this paper is to consider the design proposal, installation, construction requirements and monitoring methods for Hunan 220 kV substation grounding grid.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper treated Hunan 220 kV substation grounding grid as a research object. The physical and chemical data of three soil samples were measured, German DIN50929 evaluation criteria were used to assess its corrosion and a sacrificial anode cathodic protection design was selected, based on advanced concepts.

Findings

The design proposal, installation, construction requirements and monitoring methods for the 220 kV substation grounding grid were clearly explained and recommended for implementation.

Originality/value

This paper has some guidance on design ideas and the selection method for substation sacrificial anode cathodic protection.
Detection of the corrosion degree of beverage cans using a novel electrochemical sensor
Authors: Zheng Xin , Xia Dahai , Wang Huihui , Fu Congwei
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report a novel electrochemical sensor designed to detect the corrosion of metal cans used for beverage packaging.

Design/methodology/approach

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (EN) were performed to detect the corrosion degree of beverage cans that had been stored for 1 month (named s1), 3 months (named s2), 27 months (named s3) and 43 months (named s4).

Findings

The EIS results showed that the EIS plot of s1 samples had not developed to a characteristic of two time‐constants, indicating that the coating showed good protective performance. The EIS plots of s2, s3 and s4 showed characteristics of two time‐constants, indicating that the organic coatings of s2, s3, and s4 had lost their protective performance. EN results showed that quantities and amplitudes of transient peaks increased with the increasing storage time, indicating that an increasing degree of local corrosion occurred within the cans. A corrosion process for beverage cans is discussed and can be considered in three stages.

Originality/value

The designed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect the performance of beverage cans and, further, provided scientific proof to evaluate the shelf life of metal cans for packaging.
Exploring meat substitutes: consumer experiences and contextual factors
Authors: Elzerman Johanna E. , van Boekel Martinus A.J.S. , Luning Pieternel A.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Meat substitutes can be environmentally more sustainable alternatives to meat. However, the image of these products in The Netherlands is still low. The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' experiences and sensory expectations of meat substitutes and the appropriateness of the use of meat substitutes in meals.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 46 consumers took part in seven focus group discussions. These discussions consisted of three steps, starting with a general discussion on meat substitutes, followed by a discussion on the appropriateness of the use of meat substitutes as ingredients (minced, in pieces or slices) by using photographs of six different dishes (soup, pasta, rice, wrap, meal salad, and pizza). The discussions were concluded with a taste session of two dishes with meat substitutes.

Findings

Consumers in this study regarded health aspects and easy preparation as positive aspects of meat substitutes. Lack of information on the package, and high price were reported as negative. Sensory aspects such as neutral taste or tastiness, crispiness, chicken‐like texture, or granular texture were seen as positive attributes. Negative sensory aspects that were mentioned were uniform taste, compactness, dryness and softness. Most consumers found the use of meat substitutes appropriate in the dishes we presented.

Originality/value

The paper's findings can, together with quantitative consumer and sensory research, be a start towards consumer‐oriented product development of environmentally more sustainable meat substitutes. The central role of meal context and appropriateness is an aspect that has not yet received much attention in food science.
Psychological well‐being and the role of food in healthy middle‐aged and older women who have experienced acute gastrointestinal disturbances
Authors: Gamble Jo , Skinner Margot , Jaeger Sara
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of self reported gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances in middle aged and older women and the role of food in alleviating these disturbances, so that the effect of food on overall psychological state when experiencing the disturbances and their alleviation can be explored.

Design/methodology/approach

One‐on‐one interviews with general questions and laddering/means‐end chain (MEC) elicitation were used to reveal both physical and psychological impacts of GI disturbances and alleviation of the disturbances in women aged between 45 and 70 years old.

Findings

In terms of the laddering procedure and cognitive mapping, the number of linkages apparent between concrete and abstract levels demonstrated a complex map of cognitions regarding GI disturbances that involved both physical and psychological impacts. Positive or negative framing of context altered the cognitions revealed in the laddering, with the role of food highlighting these differences.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, MEC theory has not been applied to explore the impact of acute GI disturbances in healthy participants on their quality of life. The exploratory research demonstrates that mild and/or acute experiences of GI dysfunction have negative impacts on psychological well‐being, similar in type to those suffering from chronic conditions and deepens our understanding of the complexity of inter‐relationships between components of well‐being in the context of gut health.
Remembered eating experiences described by the self, place, food, context and time
Authors: Kauppinen‐Räisänen Hannele , Gummerus Johanna , Lehtola Katariina
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore remembered positive eating and food experiences, aiming to gain an understanding of the nature of these past experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

Positive food‐related experiences were gathered through focus group interviews. These experiences were inductively categorised into recurring themes and dimensions within the themes.

Findings

An analysis of the qualitative data led to the recognition of several themes involving eating that were related to childhood memories, eating related to tourist experiences, as well as memories of commensal eating and homemade food. The experiences were drawn together into dimensions to provide deeper comprehension of the observed themes. As a result, the study suggests that remembered eating and food experiences are characterised by the self, place, food, context and time.

Practical implications

The study provides knowledge on what constitutes memorable positive and pleasurable food‐related experiences, which the consumer may even want to relive. Hence, the study helps managers understand the significance of providing food‐related experiences that become memorable.

Originality/value

The context was not predetermined to a particular eating setting, which resulted in a multidimensional framework of remembered experiences with several implications. The approach provided new insights into understanding the effects of positive and pleasurable food‐related experiences.
Role of classification schemes in organization of Islamic knowledge in libraries
Authors: Idrees Haroon
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Classification systems play a fundamental role in the organization, display, retrieval and access to the knowledge materials in libraries. These systems have served the purpose adequately in most of knowledge areas; nevertheless, some grey areas lack proper place and enumeration in these systems. Islamic knowledge is among the areas that have not been properly addressed. The purpose of this paper is to examine this problem and indicate a potential solution.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper expands on the author's earlier research which focused on Pakistan library collections. Empirical data have been collected from 16 LIS scholars who have interest in or expertise on this issue through interviews. Scholars are from Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UK, the USA and Canada. A review of the literature is also presented.

Findings

A number of approaches have been taken to work around the deficiencies of the standard classification systems when it comes to Islamic knowledge and publications, including indigenous systems and expansions. Details of some of these are presented. A range of possible improvements to existing classification systems was suggested by scholars, and an outline of what is required in a new, independent system is discussed, along with ideas about the best way for this system to be developed.

Originality/value

The paper discusses an area of professional concern that has been discussed widely in Islamic countries, but only in a limited fashion outside of Islamic countries. Thus, the paper should be of interest to researchers and practitioners interested in cataloguing and classification theory.
Social and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Bahraini community
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Al‐Mannai Mariam , Al‐Roomi Khaldoon
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Hypertension is one of important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which represents 30 per cent of annual total deaths in Bahrain. Studies on factors associated with hypertension in Bahrain are very limited. The present paper aimed to highlight some social and lifestyle factors that may be associated with hypertension in Bahraini community.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross‐sectional household survey was carried out using a multistage sampling technique to select 514 Bahraini adults aged 30‐79 years. A pretested validated questionnaire was used. History of hypertension and diabetes was determined by positive response to previous diagnosis of these diseases.

Findings

The risk of occurrence of hypertension was greater in older people, women, illiterate people, non‐smokers, those who did not walk regularly, those who watched television daily, obese people, those who had a history of diabetes and those who consumed vegetables more than four times a week. However, age, gender, education, obesity and diabetes were the main risk factors statistically associated with hypertension using bivariate analysis (p<0.01). When multiple logistic regression was used, only age (p<0.01) and obesity (p<0.05) were found to be statistically significant.

Originality/value

Social, lifestyle and dietary factors should be considered in any intervention programme to prevent and control hypertension in Bahraini community.
The continuous adjoint method as a guide for the design of flow control systems based on jets
Authors: Zymaris A.S. , Papadimitriou D.I. , Papoutsis‐Kiachagias E.M. , Giannakoglou K.C. , Othmer C.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of the continuous adjoint method as a tool to identify the appropriate location and “type” (suction or blowing) of steady jets used in active flow control systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The method is based on continuous adjoint and covers both internal and external aerodynamics. The adjoint equations, including the adjoint to the SpalartAllmaras turbulence model and their boundary conditions are formulated. At the cost of solving the flow and adjoint equations just once, the sensitivity derivatives of the objective function with respect to hypothetical (normal) jet velocities at all wall nodes are computed. Comparisons of the computed sensitivities with finite differences and parametric studies to assess the present method are included.

Findings

Though the sensitivities are computed for zero jet velocities, they adequately support decision making on: the recommended location of jet(s), at boundary nodes with high absolute valued sensitivities; and the selection between suction or blowing jets, based on the sign of the computed sensitivities. Regarding adjoint methods, two important findings of this work are: the role of the adjoint pressure which proves to be an excellent sensor in flow control problems; and the prediction accuracy of the proposed adjoint method compared to the commonly made assumption of “frozen turbulence”.

Originality/value

First use of the continuous adjoint method using full differentiation of the turbulence model, in flow control optimization. A low‐cost design tool for recommending some of the most important jet characteristics.
Adaptive sampling strategies for non‐intrusive POD‐based surrogates
Authors: Guénot Marc , Lepot Ingrid , Sainvitu Caroline , Goblet Jordan , Filomeno Coelho Rajan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel contribution to adaptive sampling strategies for non‐intrusive reduced order models based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). These strategies aim at reducing the cost of optimization by improving the efficiency and accuracy of POD data‐fitting surrogate models to be used in an online surrogate‐assisted optimization framework for industrial design.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of the strategies on the model accuracy is investigated considering the snapshot scaling, the design of experiment size and the truncation level of the POD basis and compared to a state‐of‐the‐art radial basis function network surrogate model on objectives and constraints. The selected test case is a Mach number and angle of attack domain exploration of the well‐known RAE2822 airfoil. Preliminary airfoil shape optimization results are also shown.

Findings

The numerical results demonstrate the potential of the capture/recapture schemes proposed for adequately filling the parametric space and maximizing the surrogates relevance at minimum computational cost.

Originality/value

The proposed approaches help in building POD‐based surrogate models more efficiently.
A dynamic systems approach to weight related health problems
Authors: Zare Mehrjerdi Yahia
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present a system dynamic model for studying the interconnections between human weight and health problems which cause various problems throughout life.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews key points about system thinking, its theories, and system dynamics. Models in the form of causal loops presenting the interconnections between weight factor and health problems are developed and discussed. Thereafter, a flow model of the problem is constructed and deaths caused by heart attack are studied under two situations of regular and taught cases. The paper identifies key health problems related to weight by using causal loops that demonstrate the whole picture of the situation.

Findings

With the aid of systems thinking and dynamic modeling researchers can study the impacts of weight on the generation of various health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, blood sugar, knee problems and more. This study shows that teaching people about their health will have a significant impact on the number of deaths related to heart attack.

Practical implications

With the model proposed here various studies can be carried out that relates weight to health issues. A sample situation is presented where deaths related to heart attack are simulated.

Originality/value

This article makes a significant contribution to the health study issues due to the fact that it shows how a factor such as weight can impact on hearth attacks, blood pressure, and blood sugar, to mention a few. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study that relates weight to health problems using systems thinking concepts and system dynamic and it therefore make a significant contribution to the health literature.
The role of causal links in performance measurement models
Authors: Kasperskaya Yulia , Tayles Michael
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Several well‐known managerial accounting performance measurement models rely on causal assumptions. Whilst users of the models express satisfaction and link them with improved organizational performance, academic research, of the real‐world applications, shows few reliable statistical associations. This paper seeks to provide a discussion on the “problematic” of causality in a performance measurement setting.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual study based on an analysis and synthesis of the literature from managerial accounting, organizational theory, strategic management and social scientific causal modelling.

Findings

The analysis indicates that dynamic, complex and uncertain environments may challenge any reliance upon valid causal models. Due to cognitive limitations and judgmental biases, managers may fail to trace correct cause‐and‐effect understanding of the value creation in their organizations. However, even lacking this validity, causal models can support strategic learning and perform as organizational guides if they are able to mobilize managerial action.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should highlight the characteristics necessary for elaboration of convincing and appealing causal models and the social process of their construction.

Practical implications

Managers of organizations using causal models should be clear on the purposes of their particular models and their limitations. In particular, difficulties are observed in specifying detailed cause and effect relations and their potential for communicating and directing attention. They should therefore construct their models to suit the particular purpose envisaged.

Originality/value

This paper provides an interdisciplinary and holistic view on the issue of causality in managerial accounting models.
The National Year of Reading
Authors: Rankin Carolynn
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the government sponsored National Year of Reading (NYR) campaign in the UK in 2008 which provided an opportunity for public libraries to be in the political limelight as key partners.

Design/methodology/approach

Nationally the NYR was promoted as a social marketing campaign with specific target audiences. Reports on a MLA funded research project in Yorkshire which used the generic social outcomes (GSO) framework to look at the impact of NYR in two public library authorities.

Findings

The article discusses the positive interventions by librarians in facilitating and leading change during the NYR campaign and beyond. However there are challenges in working in partnership activities. The findings using the GSO framework show considerable evidence of NYR related activities in supporting the three first‐tier social outcomes: “stronger and safer communities”, “health and well‐being”, and “strengthening public life.”

Research limitations/implications

Using the NYR activities, the GSO framework helped show how libraries can contribute to diverse agendas and demonstrate their value in the community. Public library authorities could use this evidence for planning and for advocacy with a range of audiences including local and central government.

Originality/value

This study provides an account of how the NYR had an impact on the visibility of reading in communities and the analysis of the evidence gives an indication of the enthusiasm and professionalism involved in delivering the campaign.
Future directions for Indonesian academic library education
Authors: Maesaroh Imas , Genoni Paul
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to provide 13 recommendations relating to the future of Indonesian library education based on the results of an extensive research study. The objective of the research was to investigate the desired level of educational qualifications and continued professional development of Indonesian academic librarians.

Design/methodology/approach

The research included surveys of Indonesian academic librarians and their managers, plus extensive interviewing of stakeholders. The recommendations have been developed on the basis of data gathered in this research.

Findings

There is an immediate need to raise the standards of Indonesian library education in order to enhance skills required of the contemporary library workforce. The Indonesian Librarian Association has an important role to play in raising the quality of library education and the status of librarians.

Practical implications

The recommendations have far‐reaching implications for Indonesian library education. There are also implications for the wider Indonesia library profession, and for the professional associations, in particular the Indonesian Librarian Association.

Originality/value

The recommendations are based on the first comprehensive analysis of the educational and continuing professional development needs of Indonesian academic librarians.
CIS Libraries Forum: integration, innovation and access for all
Authors: Bukhtoyarova Darya
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This report aims to provide an overview of the CIS Libraries: Integration, Innovation and Access for All Forum held in Astana, Kazakhstan, on September 26‐28, 2012.

Design/methodology/approach

The report provides general information about the CIS Libraries Forum, and lists its main topics and outcomes.

Findings

The report reveals that topics such as challenges of libraries in the digital era, library and information science education, and work of library associations were discussed. Memorandum on Collaboration and Cooperation of Library Associations was signed by representatives of nine CIS countries.

Originality/value

The report updates librarians and researchers on the state of library development and collaboration in CIS countries.
Dynamic model of Ibn Khaldun theory on poverty
Authors: Affandi Akhmad , Puji Astuti Dewi
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the poverty rates of Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan, representing majority Muslim populations, and of India as a minority Muslim population, according to Ibn Khaldun's dynamic model on poverty.

Design/methodology/approach

According to Ibn Khaldun, poverty is not merely influenced by economic dimension. He initiated fundamental factors as mentioned in his formula P=f(W,G,N,S,g,J ) where P is a function of Wealth of the Nation (W ), Government (G ), Human Resource (N ), Sharia (S ), Growth ( g) and Justice ( J ). This study generates secondary data covering from 2000‐2010 or after financial crisis of 1997. These data employed using Panel method.

Findings

The study's findings reveal that the variable of Dynamic model of Ibn Khaldun influenced significantly the level of poverty in Indonesia as a Muslim majority population, whereas in Pakistan only the HDI variable has significant influence. Meanwhile (like Malaysia) in India, the variable of Dynamic model of Ibn Khaldun does not influence significantly.

Research limitations/implications

Each country has certain characteristics and background with respect to economic growth, government policy and population that might influence poverty. As a result, the application of Ibn Khaldun model varies accordingly.

Practical implications

The findings reveal that quite a few challenges lie ahead in applying Ibn Khaldun model in these countries. This needs to be taken on promptly by each country, especially Muslim countries.

Originality/value

This paper is one of few studies which employ Ibn Khaldun theory on poverty, using panel data to investigate the appropriateness of the model.
Constructing a research network: accounting knowledge in production
Authors: Joannidès Vassili , Berland Nicolas
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the sociology‐of‐science type of accounting literature, addressing how accounting knowledge is established, advanced and extended.

Design/methodology/approach

The research question is answered through the example of research into linkages between accounting and religion. Adopting an actor‐network theory (ANT) approach, the paper follows the actors involved in the construction of accounting as an academic discipline through the controversies in which they engage to develop knowledge.

Findings

The paper reveals that accounting knowledge is established, advanced and developed through the ongoing mobilisation of nonhumans (journals) who can enrol other humans and nonhumans. It shows that knowledge advancement, establishment and development is more contingent on network breadth than on research paradigms, which appear as side‐effects of positioningvis‐à‐visa community.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is twofold. First, ANT is applied to accounting knowledge, whereas the accounting literature applies it to the spread of management accounting ideas, methods and practices. Second, an original methodology for data collection is developed by inviting authors from the network to give a reflexive account of their writings at the time they joined the network. Well diffused in sociology and philosophy, such an approach is, albeit, original in accounting research.