bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Pulp Cavity Dentin in Dogs
Authors: Hernández Sabás Z. , Negro Viviana B. , Paulero Rodrigo H. , Toriggia Paula G. , Saccomanno Daniela M.
Published: April 2016

Dentin morphology and tubule diameter and density of peripulpal dentin were evaluated in 36 teeth from 12 adult dogs, aged between 2.5 and 13-years. The right maxillary canine and third premolar, and right mandibular first molar teeth were extracted from euthanized dogs. The teeth were prepared and photomicrographs (n=108) were taken of the radicular and coronal dentin. Dentinal tubule density (tubules/mm2) was determined and tubular diameter and luminal area were measured in 3240 randomly chosen tubules using measurement software. Results from group 1 dogs (< 7-years-old) were compared with group 2 dogs (> 7-years-old). The majority of dentinal tubules were round or oval in shape and had uniform distribution at the radicular coronal third, and coronal levels. Dentin surfaces showed morphological differences at different levels of the tooth. Group 1 dentinal tubule diameter (1.87 ± 0.44 μm) and area (1.91 ± 0.83 μm2) were significantly different compared with Group 2 dentinal tubule diameter (1.53 ± 0.39 μm) and area (1.22 ± 0.50 μm2). There was no significant difference in tubular density between groups 1 (74,692 ± 25,991 tubules/mm2) and 2 (72,938 ± 24,646 tubules/mm2). Site-specific differences were observed in the pulp cavity dentin in the same tooth. These results provide a reference for future research in dogs or where dogs are used as a model for investigations in human dentistry.
Modified Distal Wedge Excision for Access and Treatment of an Infrabony Pocket in a Dog
Authors: Klima Larry J. , Goldstein Gary S.
Published: April 2016

A six-year-old male neutered Dachshund dog presented with generalized moderate gingivitis and calculus formation. A comprehensive oral examination performed under general anesthesia revealed infrabony pockets and horizontal bone loss associated with the left mandibular first and second molar teeth. The left mandibular second molar tooth was extracted, while the left mandibular first molar tooth was treated by staged periodontal therapy, including a modified distal wedge excision for open root planning and bone augmentation. Preoperative probing depths of 9-mm associated with the distal root of the left mandibular first molar tooth were reduced to 2-mm following treatment. The patient continued to maintain normal periodontal probing depths, with no gingival recession at 3, 6, 16, and 33-months following periodontal treatment.
Mandibular Periostitis Ossificans in Immature Large Breed Dogs: 5 Cases (1999–2006)
Authors: Blazejewski Stanley W. , Lewis John R. , Gracis Margherita , Woodward Tony M. , LeVan Laura M. , Ross Donald L. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: April 2016

This case series describes clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of mandibular swellings in 5 immature, large breed dogs. The dogs originated from different regions of the United States. In each case, intraoral dental radiography of the jaw swelling revealed a two-layered (double) ventral mandibular cortex. Biopsy was performed in 4 of the 5 puppies, revealing periosteal new bone formation. Resolution of the mandibular swelling was spontaneous in the 4 dogs available for follow-up examination. The authors postulate that the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological presentation of mandibular swelling in these 5 dogs is a distinct pathological entity consistent with an inflammatory condition of the maturing human mandible known as periostitis ossificans.
Multilobular Tumor of Bone in the Mandible of a Dog
Authors: Eubanks Diana L. , Ray Joel D. , Bushby Philip A. , Anderson Clay
Published: April 2016

An 8-year-old Siberian husky dog was presented for a mass involving the rostral mandible. Intraoral radiographs demonstrated diffusely irregular bone and displacement of all mandibular incisor teeth. The mass was diagnosed as a grade I multilobular tumor of bone based on incisional biopsy. A bilateral rostral mandibulectomy was performed with tumor negative margins. Oral examination at 14-months following surgery indicated normal healing with minimal side effects and no evidence of tumor recurrence.
Tooth Resorption in the Swedish Eurasion Lynx (Lynx Lynx)
Authors: Pettersson Ann
Published: April 2016

The etiology of tooth resorption in the domestic cat remains unknown. The high prevalence and progressive nature of the disease complicates defining healthy control groups. In order to evaluate the possible influence of various life style changes on the prevalence of tooth resorption, healthy control groups are a prerequisite. This paper presents a prevalence study for tooth resorption in a free-ranging wild felidae population. Skulls from 46 free-ranging Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were examined. The age of the animals had previously been estimated based on cementum annuli in the maxillary right canine tooth. The dental examination included both dental probing and radiographic imaging. Complicated fractures of the canine teeth were found in 9/46 (19.5 %) skulls. In one fractured canine, apical root resorption and periapical lucency was detected. The root resorption was attributed to inflammatory resorption as a consequence of the initial dental trauma and necrotic pulp. No signs of tooth resorption were found in the remaining teeth. Supernumerary roots were detected in 18/46 skulls (39.1 %). Supernumerary “peg” teeth caudal to the mandibular first molar tooth were detected in 6/46 (13.0 %) skulls. Although further studies on dental ultra-structure are needed, the Swedish Eurasian lynx may, in the future, be useful as a healthy comparative model for studies on the etiopathogenesis of tooth resorption in the domestic cat.
Retention of Antimicrobial Activity after Reconstitution of Doxycycline Gel
Authors: Dennis Michael , Wilson Teresa , Woodward Tony
Published: April 2016

Doxycycline gel is licensed for the treatment of periodontal disease in dogs. Package labeling indicates the product is stable after reconstitution of antibiotic with polymer gel for up to 3-days when stored at room temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine if reconstituted doxycycline gel retained antimicrobial activity for greater than 3-days. The antibiotic activity of reconstituted doxycycline gel was evaluated against antimicrobial testing strains of bacteria and bacteria collected from throat swabs of 2 dogs using a standard disc diffusion assay. Our results showed that reconstituted doxycycline gel retained undiminished antimicrobial activity for a minimum of 8-weeks.
Examination of the Depth of the Equine Hard Palate
Authors: Evans Rebecca Gay , Lowder Michael
Published: April 2016

Equine behavioral problems and loss of optimum performance have been associated with musculoskeletal injury and, more recently, dental disease. Injuries to a horse's tongue and bars of the mandible due to bitting have been documented. However, another point of contact of the bit, the hard palate, has thus far been virtually ignored. The objective of the study was to determine if there was a significant range associated with the depth of the equine hard palate and if this range was associated with a certain breed, age, or sex of the horse. Oral examinations were performed on 52 horses and a measurement of the hard palate was taken. The study group was comprised of: 27 mares, 24 geldings and 1 stallion. They were further divided into the age groups: 3–5 years (3), > 5–10 years (18), > 10–15 years (19), and > 15 years (12). Lastly, the groups were divided into the following breed categories: Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, and Other. Analyses revealed that palate depth has a broad range that is not associated with any breed, age, or sex. Normal reference ranges were established for the data and suggests that the hard palate should be considered and measured when choosing a bit. Further research is necessary to determine which bits are best suited for each palate depth.
Efficacy of Cyclosporine for Chronic, Refractory Stomatitis in Cats: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Study
Authors: Lommer Milinda J.
Published: April 2016

Sixteen cats with chronic stomatitis, that had previously undergone premolar-molar or full-mouth extractions, were randomly assigned a group to receive 2.5 mg/kg cyclosporine or placebo orally twice daily. Neither the clinician nor the clients were aware of the group assignments. Cats were evaluated prior to treatment and every 2 weeks for 6 weeks using a 30 point Stomatitis Disease Activity Index (SDAI) score. Mean improvement in SDAI scores among cats in the treatment group after 6 weeks was 52.7 %. This was significantly different from the mean improvement (12.2 %) of cats in the placebo group. During the 6 week study period, 7 of the 9 cats in the treatment group (77.8 %) showed a > 40 % improvement in SDAI score, while 1 of 7 cats in placebo group (14.3 %) showed a > 40 % improvement in SDAI score. This difference was statistically significant. Individual variability in the absorption of orally-administered cyclosporine was high. Trough whole-blood cyclosporine levels ranged from 32.1 ng/ml to 1,576.2 ng/ml. At the end of the 6 week observation period, there was a statistically significant difference among cats with trough whole-blood cyclosporine levels > 300 ng/ml (72.3 % improvement) compared with cats with cyclosporine levels < 300 ng/ml (28.2 % improvement). Whole-blood cyclosporine levels > 300 ng/ml were associated with significant improvement in oral inflammation in cats with chronic stomatitis that had previously undergone premolar-molar or full-mouth extraction.
Morphometric Assessment of Periodontal Tissues in Relation to Periodontal Disease in Dogs
Authors: Kyllar Michal , Doskarova Barbora , Paral Vaclav
Published: April 2016

Dimensions of periodontal tissues are thought to predispose to the development of periodontal disease in man and dogs. Several studies have suggested that thin gingiva correlates with an increased incidence of periodontal disease. In this study, we hypothesized that the dimensions of periodontal tissues will vary in different breeds of dogs and could possibly correlate with the incidence of periodontal disease. Forty-two jaws of dogs aged up to 5-years were examined post-mortem and gingival and alveolar bone thickness were measured using methods of transgingival probing and digital calipers, respectively. Dogs were divided into three groups based on their body weight. Group I (< 5.0 kg; n =21), group II (5 to 10 kg; n =11), and group III (10 to 15 kg; n =10). Thickness of gingiva ranged from 0.30-mm to 3.2-mm and was relatively thinner in group I than in group II and III based on the means of ratios comparison. Alveolar bone thickness ranged from 0.27-mm to 4.1-mm and was relatively thinner in group I compared with groups II and III. Our study showed significantly thinner gingiva and alveolar bone in toy breed dogs compared with small and medium-sized breed dogs. Both gingival and alveolar bone dimensions may be predictors for severity of periodontal disease and influence clinical outcome in certain periodontal surgical procedures.
Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs
Authors: Volker Mary Krakowski , Luskin Ira R.
Published: April 2016

Medical records of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of oral osteoma were reviewed for information on signalment, body weight, history, clinical signs, physical examination and diagnostic imaging findings, surgical procedure performed, and histopathologic characteristics. Clinical signs related to the mass were noted in 2 dogs. One mass was documented to have been present for > 3-years, 3 of the masses were noted on physical examination, and 2 masses were noted during professional scaling and survey intraoral radiographs. All six masses had radiographic signs of bone proliferation without bone lysis. One case had radiographic root resorption of adjacent dentition. Four of the masses were classified as central osteoma and 2 were classified as peripheral osteoma based on clinical and radiographic findings. Four masses were treated with excisional biopsy that consisted of wide excision (rostral maxillectomy) [n=1] and 3 had marginal excisions (en bloc resection) [n=3]. Two of the masses were debulked with subsequent biopsy. There was no indication of recurrence in the cases with excisional biopsy and minimal progression in the cases that had lesions debulked > 5.5-months following surgery.
Ocular Trauma Originating from within the Oral Cavity: Clinical Relevance and Histologic Findings in 10 Cases (2003–2013)
Authors: Duke Felicia D. , Snyder Christopher J. , Bentley Ellison , Dubielzig Richard R.
Published: April 2016

A variety of procedures involving the caudal oral cavity risk iatrogenic introduction of an instrument into the globe. The clinical and histologic features of 10 cases of ocular disease after dental procedures are reviewed. Eight dogs and 2 cats presented with clinical panophthalmitis 3-days to 6-weeks following dental procedures for which each animal underwent palliative and diagnostic enucleation. Histologic findings were consistent with contaminated, traumatic perforation and panophthalmitis. Traumatic panophthalmitis and its sequelae are painful conditions with poor prognoses. Suspected or confirmed cases of ocular injury at the time of dental procedures warrant immediate evaluation and aggressive intervention. This series emphasizes how profound damage can occur to the eye when instruments are not carefully and safely handled in the oral cavity.
Lingual Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Chinese Pug Dog
Authors: Baratt Robert M. , Rawlinson Jennifer , Roth-Johnson Lois , Jones Carroll J.
Published: April 2016

A 9-year-old spayed/female Chinese Pug dog presented for evaluation of a mass located on the rostral aspect of the tongue. An incisional biopsy was acquired, submitted, and interpreted as a possible granular cell tumor based on hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid Schiff histopathologic staining characteristics. The diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemical evaluation that was positive for S-100, vimentin, and neuron-specific enolase. Based on the absence of mitotic figures in the incisional biopsy, a partial glossectomy was performed with gross margins of at least 1-cm. The excisional biopsy revealed significant features of malignancy, with neoplastic cells in close association with peripheral nerves, consistent with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Tumor-free margins were obtained, and the glossectomy had expected healing with no recurrence apparent 6-months following surgery.
Evaluation of an Accelerated Chemoradiotherapy Protocol for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 5 Cats and 3 Dogs
Authors: Rejec Ana , Benoit Jerome , Tutt Cedric , Crossley David , Butinar Janos , Hren Natasa Ihan
Published: April 2016

Accelerated radiation therapy protocols address the specific biology of aggressive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and this approach was applied in 5 feline and 3 canine oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients where surgery was not possible (4/5 feline and 2/3 canine cases) or was declined (1/5 feline and 1/3 canine cases). A protocol using 14 fractions of 3.5 Gy over 9-days, combined with carboplatin chemotherapy as a radiosensitiser (total dose 180 mg/m2 in feline and 300 mg/m2 in canine cases) resulted in a complete tumor response in most cases (4/5 feline and 3/3 canine cases) with acceptable acute and long-term side effects. Results achieved in feline cases correspond with published data where these specific radiotherapy protocols were employed. A complete response and long-term survival (> 2-years) was achieved in all canine patients. Although no standardized chemoradiotherapy protocols currently exist, this therapeutic approach can be a useful addition for the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of cats and dogs when the goals of treatment include maximizing tumor control while maintaining function and quality of life.
Dental Health Status and Endodontic Treatment of Captive Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos ssp.) Living in the Bernese Bear Pit
Authors: Wenker Christian J. , Müller M. , Berger Marianne , Heiniger Stefanie , Neiger-Aeschbacher Gina , Schawalder Peter , Lussi Adrian
Published: April 2016

The teeth of five adult captive brown bears (Ursus arctos ssp.) were examined and radiographed for occlusion, loss of teeth, dental plaque and calculus, and attrition under general anesthesia. Deposits of dental calculus were found in various locations with an overall prevalence of 8% to 15% of all tooth surfaces. In all five animals, severe enamel and dentinal attrition defects were observed in canine teeth with exposed pulp. Cage-chewing behavior is probably the main cause for the dental attrition. The composition of the food and feeding management are most likely responsible for the lack of natural cleaning and the resulting plaque and calculus formation.

All affected canine teeth were treated with endodontic procedures using several materials and techniques, and evaluated one- to two-and-a-half years later by clinical examination, radiography, and scanning electron microscopy of silicone casts of the treated teeth. All coronal fillings were tight. The apices were not completely sealed in two teeth. We conclude that the use of adequate and specialized instrumentation and techniques for the treatment of these long, curved, large diameter root canals is more important than the particular endodontic and restorative materials used.

The dental health status of zoo animals is an indicator of their general well-being. Preventive measures should be taken in their environment and management to minimize the risk of dental conditions.
Radiographic Study of the Maxillary Canine Tooth in Mesaticephalic Dogs
Authors: Gracis Margherita , Harvey Colin E.
Published: April 2016

Radiology is the most important diagnostic technique for evaluation of the radicular structure of the tooth and adjacent areas. However, superimposition of other oral or nasal structures often creates difficulties when interpreting radiographic images. The purpose of this study was to identify and locate any anatomical structures that may be superimposed over the root of the maxillary canine tooth in radiographs of dogs. Results showed that the nasal conchae minimally interfere with the visualization of the tooth. The vomer bone and maxillary structures (the conchal crest, the line of conjunction between the maxillary body and the palatine process, and the palatine sulcus) are visible as linear radiopacities, and were found to be responsible for most of the radiographic features in this area. The incisivomaxillary canal and the palatine fissure caused radiolucent images. The incisivomaxillary suture and the nasoincisive suture may appear as radiolucent images in young skulls and linear radiopacities in older skulls. It appears from this study that a compromise between minimal superimposition of dental and non-dental structures and small image distortion is needed to obtain diagnostic radiographic views of the maxillary canine tooth in mesaticephalic dogs. The relative positions of the conchal crest, the line of conjunction between the vertical body of the maxilla and its palatine process, the incisivomaxillary canal, and the tooth, cannot be changed radiographically because of the close anatomic position of these structures.
Dental Caries in the Dog
Authors: Hale Fraser A.
Published: April 2016

The dental records of 435 dogs seen in a dental referral practice were reviewed. Twenty-three dogs (5.3%) had one or more caries lesions. Of the 47 caries lesions, 19 (40%) were pit and fissure caries, 17 (36%) were smooth surface caries, and 11 (23%) were root caries. Twelve dogs had symmetrical lesions. The teeth most commonly involved were the fourth premolar and first and second molar teeth. Twenty affected teeth were extracted and 17 were treated by cavity preparation and restoration with composite or glass ionomer materials. Ten restorations in four dogs were examined one year or more following treatment; all of the restorations were intact and there was no progression of the caries.
Timing of Apical Closure of the Maxillary Canine and Mandibular First Molar Teeth of Cats
Authors: Wilson Gary
Published: April 2016

Stage of apical closure was determined by radiographing the jaws of 15 cats at intervals from 5–11 months of age. The apices of the left mandibular first molar tooth were closed in all 15 cats by seven months of age and the apices of the left maxillary canine teeth were all closed by 11 months of age. The implications of the age of closure on endodontic pathology and treatment are discussed.
Experimental study into the grinding force in surface grinding of steel CrV12 utilizing a zonal centrifugal coolant provision system
Authors: Sieniawski Jarosław , Nadolny Krzysztof
Published: April 2016

In order to efficiently remove heat from the machining zone, grinding fluids are used in the majority of grinding processes. Intensive cooling periods make it possible to efficiently influence the machining heat conditions, and through lubricating fluid components, limit the friction of active cutting vertices of unspecified geometry and a frequently negative rake angle. The obtained grinding results are considerably influenced by the amount of grinding fluid and the way it is delivered, which directly influences its effectiveness in reaching the zone of contact between the grinding wheel and the machined surface. The following article presents a new solution, as far as centrifugal grinding fluid delivery is concerned, through a special grinding wheel grip and the channels formed in it. Moreover, the system recommended here is also characterized by zonal grinding fluid delivery into the grinding wheel, which is aimed at additionally increasing the efficiency of grinding fluid delivery into the grinding zone. The results of tests evaluating the effect this system has upon grinding force values are presented. The reference methods employed in these tests were centrifugal grinding fluid delivery without zonal limitation, delivering grinding fluid using the flood method, as well as dry grinding. The results of the experiment showed that using the method recommended here enables the creation of conditions in the grinding zone similar to, or even more advantageous in certain conditions, than when delivering grinding fluid using the flood method. It also leads to a general reduction in grinding fluid expenditure by as much as 10 times.
Minimum-time trajectory planning for an inchworm-like climbing robot based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization
Authors: Yao Jianjun , Huang Yuxuan , Wan Zhenshuai , Zhang Le , Sun Cheng , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: April 2016

Since inchworm-like robots can exhibit excellent mobility in unstructured environments, it will be widely applied in agriculture, forestry, and high-altitude operations. Trajectory planning is an important issue for a climbing robot. This paper focuses on an inchworm-like climbing robot to plan its trajectory. The climbing process of the robot, especially the transitional gait when the robot is planned to climb over tree branches, is analyzed. Based on the gait analysis, the robot’s geometrical path is determined, and its waypoints are described by joint angles. 3-5-3 type polynomial interpolation function is adopted to fit the robot’s motion trajectory. To save the climbing time for the robot, its climbing transitional gaits for climbing over tree branches are optimized by using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm to minimize the climbing time. Simulations are carried out to verify the developed trajectory planning, and the optimal results obtained from quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization are compared with the optimal solutions obtained by particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm to further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bronze Age human–landscape interactions in the southern Transural steppe, Russia – Evidence from high-resolution palaeobotanical studies
Authors: Stobbe Astrid , Gumnior Maren , Rühl Lisa , Schneider Heike
Published: April 2016

The Transural steppe is a cultural contact zone between areas east and west of the Ural Mountains. Mobile pastoralism is the traditional way of life in the steppe, while sedentary cultures constitute an exception, probably as a result of climatic variations. A change of lifestyle together with other innovations is documented at the turn of the 3rd to the 2nd millennia BC and often believed to have been accompanied by a shift to agro-pastoralism. To examine the ecology and economy in the Bronze Age steppe, we employed a combination of methods. As proxy-data, plant macro-remains from archaeological excavations of Sintashta fortified settlements and pollen from off-site archives were used for a high-resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Statistical comparisons of past and present pollen spectra show no significant differences in vegetation distribution. This allowed us to map the recent vegetation units by multispectral satellite imagery and to use them for modelling. Models further incorporate steppe productivity, carrying capacity and population figures to estimate herd sizes. Even if the climate was suitable for agriculture, evidence is missing from all botanical records. The economic mainstay was animal husbandry. Models consider autonomous activity zones of at least 4 km radius surrounding each Sintashta settlement where grazing resources could easily sustain the estimated population and their livestock. The river is seen as the determining factor to settle in this region as it provided constant access to water and valuable natural grazing areas. During dry years and winter, the productive meadow steppes functioned as reserve pastures.
Family Planning Practice Among Rural Reproductive-Age Married Women in Myanmar
Authors: Jirapongsuwan Ann , Latt Kyaw Thu , Siri Sukhontha , Munsawaengsub Chokchai
Published: April 2016

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate family planning (FP) practices and associated factors among reproductive-age married women. Data were collected by interviewing the 300 married women living in a rural area of Myanmar. The questionnaire had reliability coefficients ranging from .8 to .9. Results indicated that 73.3% of women performed FP, and contraceptive injection was the most common method. Significant associations were found with age 21 to 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR] = 3.748, 95% CI = 2.179-6.445), adequacy of income (adj OR = 2.520, 95% CI = 1.477-4.290), good attitude toward FP (adj OR = 0.386, 95% CI = 0.228-0.656), good support from health care providers (adj OR = 0.129, 95% CI = 0.054-0.313), good support from family (adj OR = 0.304, 95% CI = 0.163-0.565), good support from friends (adj OR = 0.344, 95% CI = 0.193-0.613), and FP practice. It is recommended that designing FP programs with peers and family involvement could increase the practice of FP among rural Myanmar women.
Evaluating Hospice and Palliative Medicine Education in Pediatric Training Programs
Authors: Singh Arun L. , Klick Jeffrey C. , McCracken Courtney E. , Hebbar Kiran B.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM) competencies are of growing importance in training general pediatricians and pediatric sub-specialists. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) emphasized pediatric trainees should understand the “impact of chronic disease, terminal conditions and death on patients and their families.” Currently, very little is known regarding pediatric trainee education in HPM.

Methods:

We surveyed all 486 ACGME-accredited pediatric training program directors (PDs) - 200 in general pediatrics (GP), 57 in cardiology (CARD), 64 in critical care medicine (CCM), 69 in hematology-oncology (ONC) and 96 in neonatology (NICU). We collected training program’s demographics, PD’s attitudes and educational practices regarding HPM.

Results:

The complete response rate was 30% (148/486). Overall, 45% offer formal HPM curriculum and 39% offer a rotation in HPM for trainees. HPM teaching modalities commonly reported included conferences, consultations and bedside teaching. Eighty-one percent of all respondents felt that HPM curriculum would improve trainees’ ability to care for patients. While most groups felt that a HPM rotation would enhance trainees’ education [GP (96%), CARD (77%), CCM (82%) and ONC (95%)], NICU PDs were more divided (55%; p < 0.05 for all comparisons vs. NICU).

Conclusion:

While most programs report perceived benefit from HPM training, there remains a paucity of opportunities for pediatric trainees. Passive teaching methods are frequently utilized in HPM curricula with minimal diversity in methods utilized to teach HPM. Opportunities to further emphasize HPM in general pediatric and pediatric sub-specialty training remains.
Developing a Critical Consciousness for Diversity and Equity Among Preservice Music Teachers
Authors: Robinson Nicole R.
Published: April 2016

For approximately 50 years, music education scholars have purported the need for more diversity training among preservice music teachers. This call has become increasingly urgent as contemporary preservice music teachers encounter the most ethnically and culturally diverse classrooms in public school history. Although preservice music teachers may enter the profession with adequate skills to teach music content and concepts, a majority of preservice music teachers are not equipped with the skills and teaching dispositions required to navigate the social and cultural facets they will encounter in their music classrooms. This narrative details a three-part diversity training series designed specifically to develop some degree of critical consciousness for diversity and equity among preservice music teachers.
5-fluorouracil toxicity in the treatment of colon cancer associated with the genetic polymorphism 2846 A>G (rs67376798)
Authors: González-Perera Itamar , Gutiérrez-Nicolás Fernando , Nazco-Casariego Gloria J , Ramos-Díaz Ruth , Hernández-San Gil Raquel , Pérez-Pérez José A , González García Jonathan , González De La Fuente Guillermo A
Published: April 2016

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Europe. Most antineoplastic regimens in first-line treatment involve 5-fluorouracil or oral prodrug capecitabine, combined with other antineoplastic agents such as oxaliplatin or irinotecan. It is well known that 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine are agents that can be toxic in cases of decreased dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity because this enzyme is the main limiting factor in the metabolism of both agents. In this paper, we describe the case of a patient who developed severe toxicity to 5-fluouracil and who had a mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.
Blended Lives
Authors: Granholm Camilla
Published: April 2016

This article presents a qualitative study of ICT use among Finnish young people attending training programmes for youth outside employment and education. The data come from six focus group interviews and three individual interviews, as well as a single focus group interview with involved supervisors. The data was analyzed using McQuail’s (1983) theory regarding the motives for individual media use. The results show that the young people use ICT primarily for entertainment, but their use is diverse. Young people choose the tools and dimensions for interaction that best fulfill their needs, blending together ingredients from both online and offline sources. Unlike previous research, young people in this study stated that they prefer talking to someone face-to-face about severe (health-related or emotional) problems. If social and youth services want to meet young people on their own terms, both online and offline services are needed.
Taking on choice and control in personal care and support: The experiences of physically disabled young adults
Authors: Mitchell Wendy , Beresford Bryony , Brooks Jenni , Moran Nicola , Glendinning Caroline
Published: April 2016

Research on self-directed care has focused on older people and adults with learning or mental health difficulties. This article reports physically disabled young adults’ experiences of self-directed care. Such work is important because young adults are a ‘minority’ group within adult social care. This, and their still developing life-skills and lack of life experience, may have a bearing on their experiences of self-directed care and associated support needs. An exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews investigated this issue. Participants were 19–29 years with a range of congenital and acquired impairments.

Findings

Many aspects of interviewees’ experiences of self-directed care appeared to be influenced by their limited life experience, the fact they are still developing life-skills and are a minority group within adult social care. Interviewees identified their lack of life experience and self-confidence as making them cautious in assuming responsibility for their care arrangements and, typically, their desire for on-going parental support. They also believed their age and life stage contributed to difficulties managing carers and PAs. Preferences around characteristics of carers/PAs were influenced by their age and desire to integrate into mainstream activities. Information provided by statutory services did not (fully) acknowledge that some users were young adults.

Applications

Compared to other physically disabled users of adult social care, young adults’ under-developed life-skills and lack of life experience influences their experiences as users, and the support they needed to assume control of their care arrangements. Tailored information and support for this ‘minority group’ is required.
A sociologist looks at crowds: Innovation or invention?
Authors: Powell Walter W
Published: April 2016

Crowd-based organizational models are purported to be more open and participatory than traditional organizational forms. But are they novel inventions or permutations of forms that have existed previously? This essay examines the wide array of innovations pursued under the umbrella label of crowd phenomena and asks whether they have altered traditional ways of organizing. The ramifications of crowds for both workers and consumers are also discussed. Central features of crowd organizing include spot transactions, short-term relations, demand-based pricing, heterogeneous demand, and reputations established through feedback mechanisms. Security and formality appear to have been replaced by openness and precariousness. The essay concludes with a call for further study of the contents of crowd-generated products and services.
Learning to Lead
Authors: Yeager Katherine L. , Callahan Jamie L.
Published: April 2016

The Problem

Organizations face several challenges that stand poised to place a significant strain on the availability of qualified leaders. Flatter organization structures, the use of more teams, and impending retirements of the Baby Boomer generation mean that the field of human resource development (HRD) must be prepared to help organizations develop the next generation of leaders. Scholars and practitioners must ensure that leader development initiatives will effectively prepare the forthcoming leaders from among young adults.

The Solution

The focus of this study was to develop an understanding of how leadership experiences shape leader identity development. We offer a model that explains the dynamic, interactive process of leader identity development. Specifically, this model identifies the importance of relationships, leading by example, authenticity, and the motivation to lead for young adults.

The Stakeholders

HRD scholars and practitioners may use the findings in this study to target developmental initiatives for future leaders.
Measures and Meanings: Exploring the Ego-Net of Helen Kirkpatrick Watts, Militant Suffragette
Authors: Edwards Gemma , Crossley Nick
Published: April 2016

In this paper we discuss the personal network or ‘ego-net’ of Helen Kirkpatrick Watts, a militant suffragette and one of the founder members of the Nottingham Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). Our aims are fourfold. Firstly, we want to make a contribution to the growing literature, briefly reviewed, on the significance of social networks in relation to social movements. Secondly, we want to make a contribution to the academic literature on the suffragettes. Thirdly, at a methodological level, we want to contribute to ongoing efforts, briefly reviewed, to bring qualitative concerns and issues back into social network analysis, generating a dialogue between quantitative and qualitative approaches. Finally, we conceive of this paper as a pilot for a much larger study of suffragette networks. Specifically, it allows us to experiment with ways of drawing network data from an archive and, relating to our third aim, to dry run an approach to network analysis which integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Formalizing Symbolic Interactionism
Authors: de Nooy Wouter
Published: April 2016

Symbolic interactionism is generally known as a theory typically linked with a qualitative methodology. Recent developments in quantitative social network analysis, however, can analyze processes theorized within this theoretical tradition. Thick description can be complemented with statistical analyses of network structure and dynamics, expanding the scope and detail of results. This paper argues that social network analysis can bridge the divide between qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results from a long-term project on literary criticism substantiate the argument and illustrate a major development in social network analysis.
Machiavelli Meets Michelangelo
Authors: Freeman Bradley C. , Duffy Andrew J. , Xu Xiaoge
Published: April 2016

This article examines newspaper coverage of the arts in Singapore to consider the role of the island state’s newspapers in the development and documentation of Singapore’s growing arts scene. Sampling two constructed weeks for each of 10 years, 1999 to 2008, content analysis is used to examine arts coverage in the Straits Times and Lianhe Zaobao. The study benefits from groundwork laid by Janssen’s 1999 study of arts coverage in Dutch newspapers, in which not only quantity of content was reported but also hierarchical attention was paid to art forms over decades. Singapore is of interest as it represents a country where neither the arts nor newspapers are declining, and both enjoy significant overseeing by the government.
Renew Your Wardrobe: ‘Climbing the Cordillera’
Authors: Kuschel Katherina , Cotapos Francisco , Hercovich Sebastián
Published: April 2016

Cecilia Membrado is the founder of a marketplace platform for buying and selling second-hand fashionable clothes, that was established in Argentina in 2014. Cecilia needs to take her business to a global scale, starting with opening operations in Chile. The case details all the initiatives taken by the entrepreneur in her start-up and to resolve the issues on her journey to achieve success to the case is largely developed from primary sources.
Reforming retirement age in DB and DC pension systems in an aging OLG economy with heterogenous agents
Authors: Tyrowicz Joanna , Makarski Krzysztof , Bielecki Marcin
Published: April 2016

We analyze the effects of increasing the retirement age in two economies with overlapping generations and within cohort ex ante heterogeneity. The first economy has a defined benefit system, and the second economy is in transition from a defined benefit to a defined contribution. We find that if increase in the retirement age is phased in a way that allows agents to adjust, welfare is not reduced and welfare effects have a similar magnitude and between-cohort distribution in both types of the pension systems.
Photography Consists of Collaboration: Susan Meiselas, Wendy Ewald, and Ariella Azoulay
Authors: Azoulay Ariella
Published: April 2016

The growing literature and catalogs on photographic collaboration, participation, and collectivity, which are part of the proliferation of artistic projects that assert collaboration as their goal, still mainly focus on photographers who initiate collaborative projects. The repertoire of photographic works by Wendy Ewald, Susan Meiselas, and myself includes many such projects, but we put them side by side with projects in which, for example, the relationship between the different protagonists is less clear, the intentions behind the acts of photography are less favorable for the photographed person, or the motivation to initiate certain projects is troubling or even coercive. This article, written with the collaborative input of Ewald and Meiselas, focuses on our work's basis in the assumption that collaboration always already lies at the basis of the event of photography; collaboration is its degree zero, as photography always involves an encounter between several protagonists in which the photographer cannot claim an a priori monopoly on knowledge, authorship, ownership, and rights. With this in mind, this article addresses the ways we have gleaned our projects from different sources, including police archives, documentation of political movements like the suffragist movement, communal activism, art projects, and so on.
Bmp signaling mediates endoderm pouch morphogenesis by regulating Fgf signaling in zebrafish
Authors: Lovely C. Ben , Swartz Mary E. , McCarthy Neil , Norrie Jacqueline L. , Eberhart Johann K.
Published: April 2016

The endodermal pouches are a series of reiterated structures that segment the pharyngeal arches and help pattern the vertebrate face. Multiple pathways regulate the complex process of endodermal development including the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (Bmp) pathway. However, the role of Bmp signaling in pouch morphogenesis is poorly understood. Using genetic and chemical inhibitor approaches, we show that pouch morphogenesis requires Bmp signaling from 10–18 hours post-fertilization, immediately following gastrulation. Blocking Bmp signaling during this window results in morphological defects to the pouches and craniofacial skeleton. Using genetic chimeras we show that Bmp signals directly to the endoderm for proper morphogenesis. Time-lapse imaging and analysis of reporter transgenics show that Bmp signaling is necessary for pouch outpocketing via the Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) pathway. Double loss-of-function analyses demonstrate that Bmp and Fgf signaling interact synergistically in craniofacial development. Collectively, our analyses shed light on the tissue and signaling interactions regulating development of the vertebrate face.
Xenopus oocyte prophase I meiotic arrest is released independently from a decrease in cAMP levels or PKA activity
Authors: Nader Nancy , Courjaret Raphael , Dib Maya , Kulkarni Rashmi P. , Machaca Khaled
Published: April 2016

Vertebrate oocytes arrest at prophase of meiosis I due to high levels of cAMP and PKA activity. In Xenopus progesterone is believed to release meiotic arrest by inhibiting adenylate cyclase, lowering cAMP levels, and repressing protein kinase A (PKA). However the exact timing and extent of cAMP decrease is unclear with conflicting reports in the literature. Using various in vivo reporters for cAMP and PKA at the single cell level in real time, we fail to detect any significant changes in cAMP or PKA in response to progesterone. More interestingly, there was no correlation between the levels of PKA inhibition and the release of meiotic arrest. Furthermore, we devised condition where meiotic arrest could be released in the presence of sustained high levels of cAMP. Consistently, lowering endogenous cAMP levels by over 65% for prolonged time periods failed to induce spontaneous maturation. These results argue that the release of oocyte meiotic arrest in Xenopus occurs independently from lowering either cAMP levels or PKA activity, but rather through a parallel cAMP-PKA-independent pathway.
Capacity and Utilization in Health Care: The Effect of Empty Beds on Neonatal Intensive Care Admission
Authors: Freedman Seth
Published: April 2016

Because geographic variation in medical care utilization is jointly determined by both supply and demand, it is difficult to empirically estimate whether capacity itself has a causal impact on utilization in health care. In this paper, I exploit short-term variation in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) capacity that is unlikely to be correlated with unobserved demand determinants. I find that available NICU beds have little to no effect on NICU utilization for the sickest infants, but do increase utilization for those in the range of birth weights where admission decisions are likely to be more discretionary. (JEL I11, I12, I18, J13)
The Impact of Insurance Provision on Household Production and Financial Decisions
Authors: Cai Jing
Published: April 2016

This paper uses a natural experiment to study the impact of an agricultural insurance program on household production, borrowing, and saving behavior. The empirical strategy includes difference-in-differences and triple difference estimations. The results show that insurance provision increases the insured crop production by 16 percent and raises borrowing by 29 percent. Interestingly, it does not affect total household savings; however, it does affect the relative proportion of flexible-term savings. Furthermore, effects on production and savings persist in the long run, while effects on borrowing are significant in only the medium run. Lastly, calibration results suggest that the policy is both welfare improving and cost-effective. (JEL D13, D14, G22, O16, P32, P36, Q12)
Communication Barriers in the Russian Market of Musicals
Authors: Мукманова  , Mukmanova A.
Published: April 2016

The article addresses the problem of adaptation of musical as a genre in the context of Russian musical theatre market. The study investigates the obstacles the genre faces, and focuses on finding efficient communication solutions for making musicals more accepted by the Russian audience. The author uses literature review combined with historical analysis and quantitative research in form of a poll to conceptualize Russian market of commercial musical theatre and understand how the audience perceives the genre and what expectations it has about it.
Road Transport System in Southeast Asia; Problems and Economic Solutions
Authors: Kaffashi Sara , Shamsudin Mad , S. Clark Maynard , Sidique Shaufique , Radam Alias
Published: April 2016

In Southeast Asian countries (SEA), road transport accounts for the main energy consumption and CO2 emission. Air pollution is a major concern in densely populated cities such as Bangkok, Manila, and Kuala Lumpur. The main objective of this paper is to give insights on trends of transport development, car ownership, and CO2 emissions in Southeast Asia. This study also attempts to review the successful transportation policies around the globe and to introduce the possible instruments that can help reduce air pollution in Southeast Asian countries. Economic instruments to estimate the benefits of a cleaner environment due to new policies are introduced as well. The results of this research could help policy makers consider approaches that could internalize external costs of transportation and maximize the societal welfare.