bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Influencing Factors at Student and Teacher/School levels on Science Self-efficacy Using Machine Learning and Multilevel Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Kim JiYoon , Yoon Sojin , Hong Sehee
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this study was to explore major factors at student and teacher/school levels affecting middle-school students’ science self-efficacy among countries with high science academic performance levels in PISA 2015 data by using various regression algorithms of machine learning and multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA). Out of total of 195 (110 at the student-level and 75 at the teacher/school-level), 88 at the student-level and 38 at the teacher/school-level explanatory variables were finally selected after data pre-processing. Through over 20 regression analysis algorithms of machine learning, 10 variables at the student-level and five variables at the teacher/school-level were found to be significant predictors, consistent with previous studies. Next, MLPA was applied to classify underlying science self-efficacy sub-groups at each level and verify the statistical significance of variables affecting science self-efficacy, chosen from the machine learning. Three classes at the student-level (low, moderate, high) and two at the teacher/school-level (mid-low, mid-high) were selected as the optimal number of latent profiles. At the student-level, students with higher environmental awareness, science activities, interest in broad science topics, instrumental motivation, test anxiety, and achieving motivation were more likely to belong to the moderate or high groups than the low group. At the teacher/school-level, the mid-high group had more considerable science-specific resources, higher instructional leadership, a larger student-teacher ratio, and more science teachers than mid-low group. Finally, the significance of the study was presented, and implications for increasing science self-efficacy in middle school students were suggested.
Subsidized Versus Unsubsidized Senior Housing Communities in PA: A Window on Variation in Health, Function, and Access to Services in Old Age
Authors: Christensen Janelle J. , Albert Steven M. , Perera Subashan , Brach Jennifer S. , Nace David A. , Resnick Neil M. , Greenspan Susan L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Independent Living residences for older adults can be divided into two categories and require better definitions for research purposes; the purpose of this manuscript is to provide those definitions and explore variation in provided services and resident characteristics: (a) Subsidized age-based housing (55+) (Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) housing units for low-income adults), and (b) non-subsidized age-based housing. Methods: Residents in the two settings were compared: 37 subsidized locations ( p = 289 residents) and 19 non-subsidized ( p = 208). Aging support services in each housing type were quantified. Results: Subsidized residents are more likely to be female (84.6% vs. 70.2%, p = .0002) and have fair-poor health (36.5% vs. 12.5%, p < .0001), frequent pain (28.4% vs. 12.8%, p < .0001), and fair-poor mobility (37.5% vs. 23.5%, p = .0298). Non-subsidized locations are more likely to offer support services; on average, residents are older (mean age 83vs. 75; p < .0001) and white (97.6% vs. 69.2%, p < .0001). Conclusion: Significant differences exist between populations living in subsidized and non-subsidized housing, suggesting the effect of cumulative disadvantage over the lifespan; populations in poorer health have access to fewer services. Research is needed to explore generalizability on a national level.
Clinical Characteristics, Pathological Features and Treatment Outcomes of Children With Nephrotic Syndrome at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana
Authors: Mosalakatane Thembisile Dintle , Gottlich Errol , Mazhani Loeto , Joel Dipesalema , Mogotsi Thabiso Vivien , Arscott-Mills Tonya
Published: October 2024

Objective. Despite the remarkable progress made in the understanding and treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS), a lot is still unknown about its epidemiology in many African countries. This study sought to determine the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of children with NS at the largest tertiary hospital in Botswana. Methods. A retrospective study of 26 children with NS treated from 2009 to 2014 was conducted. Results. Mean age at presentation was 5.96 ± 3.06. Hematuria was found in 92.3%, low C3 in 26.7%, high creatinine in 19.2% and hypertension in 46.2% of the patients. 92.3% had primary NS out of which 23.1% had familial NS. HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis B infections were diagnosed in 3.85%, 9.09% and 4.16% respectively. 69.2% had steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (SRNS-FSGS). Conclusion. The frequency of primary SRNS-FSGS and familial SRNS appears to be much higher in Botswana highlighting the possibility of genetic causes.
Developing an Understanding of Values Shaping Business Executives’ Happiness in a Futuristic Society 5.0: An Exploratory Study in Singapore
Authors: Ashta Ashok , Momaya Kirankumar S.
Published: October 2024

In the emerging digital age, futuristic visions such as human-centred Society 5.0 are becoming very relevant for many countries. In these early stages, what would lead to business executives’ happiness in such a future Society 5.0 remains under-researched. Therefore, this article aims to surface the values of business executives which could inform value creation ideation for developing Society 5.0. The study considered Singapore as a benchmark case of innovation-based competitiveness, it being one of the most progressed smart cities as per advances in the digital age. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with business executives of different national cultures in Singapore. Drawing on Maslow’s needs theory, the current research used interpretivism for thematic analysis of their lived experience narratives. The findings initiate an innovative understanding of business executives’ expectations by considering a variety of national cultures in a common location. The article offers in-depth original insights into individual business executives’ values for value creation in society. It addresses the paucity of lived experience accounts of happiness in smart cities, specifically the leader, Singapore. Thus, this research provides foundations for further study of the expectations of the individual business executive and other stakeholders.
Influence of relative distance between fault and tunnel on dynamic response of tunnel: An experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Dai Lun , Zhu Zhende , Zhang Cong , Zhu Duan , Chen Huiguan , Zhang Yonggang
Published: October 2024

The effect of earthquakes on deep tunnels near faults has always been a significant issue in underground engineering research. The presence of fault fracture zones tends to intensify the seismic response of tunnels. On the basis of the Xianglushan tunnel project, the influence of relative distance between fault and tunnel on the dynamic response of tunnel was investigated utilizing laboratory test, shaking table test, and numerical simulation. The results indicated that as the relative distance between the fault and the tunnel increased, the peak acceleration and peak strain of the tunnel first increased and then decreased. The results of numerical simulations and experimental tests demonstrated that changes in relative distance had a significant influence on the dynamic response of the tunnel. Since the Xianglushan tunnel is located near the fault, the superposition of seismic load and the residual tensile and compressive stress led to the appearance of through-type cracks, which eventually resulted in large deformation or even failure. The left arch springing and left spandrel of the tunnel closer to the fault were prone to failure first. This study provides a reference for the seismic dynamic response and failure mechanism of near-fault tunnels.
Outcomes of haploidentical transplants with PT-CY vs 10/10 MUD transplants with ATG in Germany
Authors: Arslan Aysenur , Labuhn Svenja , Sala Elisa , Ringhoffer Mark , Schetelig Johannes , Schröder Thomas , Bug Gesine , Franke Georg-Nikolaus , Stelljes Matthias , Dreger Peter , Zeiser Robert , Teschner Daniel , Bethge Wolfgang , Eder Matthias , Edinger Matthias , Amann Elisa Maria , Neuchel Christine , Schmid-Möglich Amelie , Schmeller Sandra , Beyersmann Jan , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Mytilineos Joannis , Kröger Nicolaus , Fürst Daniel
Published: October 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the best curative treatment modality for many malignant hematologic disorders. In the absence of a matched related donor, matched unrelated donors (MUDs) and haploidentical donors are the most important stem cell sources. In this registry-based retrospective study, we compared the outcomes of allo-HSCTs from 10/10 MUDs with antithymocyte globulin (ATG)–based regimens (n = 7050) vs haploidentical transplants (Haplo-Tx) using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-CY Haplo; n = 487) in adult patients with hematologic malignancies between 2010 and 2020. Cox proportional hazard-and competing risks regression models were formed to compare the outcomes. Overall survival (OS), Disease-free survival (DFS), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)–free and relapse-free survival (GRFS) were superior for 10/10 MUDs (OS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.47; P = .001]; DFS [HR, 1.17; CI, 1.02-1.34; P = .022]; GRFS [HR, 1.34; CI, 1.19-1.50; P < .001]). The risk of acute GVHD (aGVHD) grade 2 to 4, aGVHD grade 3 to 4, and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was higher in the PT-CY Haplo group than the 10/10 MUD group (aGVHD grade 2-4 [HR, 1.46; CI, 1.25-1.71; P < .001]; aGVHD grade 3-4 [HR, 1.74; CI, 1.37- 2.20; P < .001]; cGVHD [HR, 1.30; CI, 1.11-1.51; P = .001]). A lower incidence of relapse was observed in the PT-CY Haplo group (relapse: HR, 0.83; CI, 0.69-0.99; P = .038). Unrelated 10/10 matched transplantation with ATG leads to lower GVHD rates and improved survival rates compared with PT-CY Haplo transplantation in Germany.
Identification of factors predicting low-risk febrile neutropenia admissions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pal Khushboo V. , Othus Megan , Ali Zahra , Russell Katherine , Shaw Carole , Percival Mary-Elizabeth M. , Hendrie Paul C. , Appelbaum Jacob S. , Walter Roland B. , Halpern Anna B.
Published: October 2024

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the most common reason for hospital readmission after chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is a major driver of health care resource utilization. Although FN risk models exist, they have largely been developed and validated for solid tumors. We therefore examined whether baseline characteristics could predict which patients with AML and FN have a lower risk of progression to severe illness. We identified adults with high-grade myeloid neoplasms (≥10% blasts in the blood/marrow) who received intensive chemotherapy and who were admitted for FN between 2016 and 2023. We collected baseline clinical and disease variables. Outcomes were: infections identified, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and survival. A lower-risk (LR) outcome was defined as LOS <72 hours without ICU admission or inpatient death. Univariate and multivariable (MV) logistic regression models were used to assess covariate associations with outcomes. We identified 397 FN admissions in 248 patients (median age, 61; [range, 29-77] years). The median hospital LOS was 6 days (range, 1-56) days; 10% required ICU admission, and 3.5% died inpatient. Only 15% of admissions were LR. Infection was identified in 59% of admissions. Physiologic parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, and fever height, were the best predictors of LR admission and infection. We developed MV models to predict LR admission and infection with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 and 0.72, respectively. Established FN and critical illness models were not predictive of outcomes in AML, and we could not identify a LR group; thus, an AML-specific FN risk model requires further development and validation.
Recruitment of emergency department patients to a prospective observational study
Authors: Shubeck Claire , Reyes Garay Hans , Nelson Bret P. , Wilder Marcee , Degtyar Aleksandra , Lukas Megan , Gordon Lauren , Loo George T. , Coleman Bernice , Richardson Lynne D. , Souffront Kimberly
Published: October 2024

Background

The dynamic environment of the emergency department (ED) poses unique challenges to the execution of well-designed research. There is limited investigation into the viability of studies conducted in the ED. This paper offers a systematic evaluation of our recruitment of emergency patients for a prospective observational research study, shedding light on the intricate landscape of research feasibility within the ED setting.

Results

Research coordinators dedicated 2816.83 h to screening, recruiting, and enrolling patients between June 2018 and September 2023, having to stop recruitment twice due to financial constraints and the COVID-19 pandemic. 485 patients were approached and 84 of them were enrolled, resulting in a 31.94% enrollment rate, with approximately 2.8 participants recruited per month. Of those enrolled, 77 completed all study endpoints. Most participants were Hispanic (n = 44; 52.3%) and/or Black (n = 37; 44%), middle-aged (µ = 51.7 years), and female (n = 48; 57.1%). Participant recruitment was challenged by competing mindsets, the COVID-19 pandemic, and high staff turnover.

Conclusions

Recruiting emergency patients for a prospective observational study is feasible given adequate staffing and financial resources. Standardizing feasibility assessments for the recruitment of patients in the emergency department is important to the success of future study.
Prognostic factors and risk-stratification model of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with cetuximab containing regimen
Authors: Yang Muh-Hwa , Chen Tien-Hua , Wang Hung-Ming , Hsieh Jason Chia-Hsun , Huang Huai-Cheng , Hsieh Meng-Che , Yen Chia-Jui , Wu Shang-Yin , Hua Chun-Hung , Lien Ming-Yu , Chang Yi-Fang , Wang Hui-Ching , Chien Chih-Yen , Huang Tai-Lin , Lu Hsueh-Ju , Lin Jin-Ching , Wang Chen-Chi , Liu Yi-Chun , Chen Jo-Pai , Lu Wei-Chen , Yiu Ching-Yi , Lin Chien-Liang , Lou Pei-Jen , Chu Pen-Yuan
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent years, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy has improved treatment outcomes for patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). In this study, we present the real-world survival data of R/M HNSCC patients who received cetuximab-containing regimens from thirteen medical centers in Taiwan, as well as a three-level risk stratification model for this patient population.

Methods

This study enrolled R/M HNSCC patients from thirteen medical centers in Taiwan who received cetuximab-containing regimens from January 1, 2017 to June 6, 2022. The cases were divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort based on the start of treatment. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated in both cohorts and exploratory analysis was performed to identify associated adverse clinical and laboratory factors. The results of the exploratory analysis were used to construct a three-level risk stratification prediction model for OS.

Results

A total of 1434 patients with R/M HNSCC were enrolled in this study and received cetuximab-containing regimens. The overall population had a median OS of 8.57 months (95% CI: 8.07 – 9.08). Multivariate analysis of the training cohort identified poor ECOG performance status, heavy alcohol consumption, and prior adjuvant CCRT or lack of prior RT as adverse prognostic factors. Comparison of laboratory data between patients with OS≦6 and OS > 6 also revealed unfavorable factors, including increased white blood cell count, decreased hemoglobin level, increased platelet count, increased absolute neutrophil count, decreased absolute lymphocyte count, and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Using forward prediction, a three-level risk stratification prediction model was constructed using the variables of ECOG performance status, alcohol consumption, skin metastasis, modality of radiation therapy, hemoglobin level, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The median OS in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 12.02 months (95% CI 10.44–13.61), 7.5 months (95% CI 7.33–8.17), and 4.01 months (95% CI 3.94–4.08), respectively, with a log-rank test p-value < 0.001.

Conclusion

This study presents a three-level risk stratification model with strong prediction ability for OS in R/M HNSCC patients who received cetuximab-containing regimens. The results are based on real-world data and may provide valuable information for clinicians in treatment planning and future drug development.
How likely are Eastern European and central Asian countries to achieve global NCD targets: multi-country analysis
Authors: Dumcheva Anastasiya , Nevalainen Jaakko , Laatikainen Tiina , Nuorti Pekka
Published: October 2024

Background

In Europe, mortality rates from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among persons 30–69 years of age (“NCD premature mortality rates”) have declined significantly, except in twelve countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Data on long-term trends in NCD mortality in these countries are limited. We analyzed NCD premature mortality rates, identified change points in NCD mortality trends and forecasted how likely countries are to achieve the global NCD targets, stratified by gender and NCD type.

Methods

We used the 1990–2019 Global Burden of Disease database to analyze NCD trends and identified country-specific change points by using piecewise linear regression. We assessed the likelihood of achieving the global targets for reducing NCD premature mortality rates among persons 30–69 years of age from four NCDs: cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. The global NCD targets are 25% reduction in mortality from 2010 to 2025 (WHO 25X25 target) and 33%—from 2015 to 2030 (SDG 3.4.1). We applied the analysis to both genders and four NCDs.

Results

Only Kazakhstan and Russia are likely to achieve the global NCD targets. For Kazakhstan, WHO 25X25 and SDG 3.4.1 global targets for mortality rates were 494.3 and 374.8 per 100,000 population respectively; the corresponding predicted values (PVs) were 360.6 [CI 260.1–461.1] and 245.1 [CI 113.4–376.8]. For Russia, WHO 25X25 and SDG 3.4.1 global targets were 560.5 and 442.8 per 100,000 population respectively; the corresponding PVs were 427.7 [CI 270.3–585.1] and 311.0 [CI 102.8–519.1]. Achieving NCD global targets is less likely for Kyrgyzstan, while it is unlikely for the rest of countries. Most countries had higher mortality rates and slower progress among men compared with women. The likelihood of achieving overall global NCD targets was mainly explained by reduction in cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions

In most Eastern Europe and Central Asia countries, progress towards achieving NCD global targets is slow, or there’s a reverse trend. Further quantitative and qualitative research is needed to understand the underlying reasons. Separate indicators are needed to monitor trends for cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases.
Chitosan-glucose derivative membrane obtained by Maillard reaction improves cartilage repair in a rabbit model
Authors: Chuang Po-Yao , Chang Shun-Fu , Lu Ying-Chen , Huang Kuo-Chin
Published: October 2024

Background

Treatment of articular cartilage injury remains a challenging clinical problem in orthopedics. Chitosan-derived biomaterial could be a potential adjuvant treatment to improve cartilage repair. In the current study, we examined the effects of two potential chitosan-derived materials on cartilage regeneration of osteochondral defects in rabbits.

Methods

An osteochondral defect was created over the rabbit knee and treated using three approaches: group A received no material (n = 24), group B received chitosan membranes with glucose absorption (CGA; n = 25), and group C received chitosan-glucose derivative membranes obtained via the Maillard reaction (CGMR; n = 25). Cartilage repair over the osteochondral defect was analyzed 12 weeks post-surgery via histological analysis, immunostaining, and reverse transcription-qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for type-I and type-II collagen mRNA.

Results

According to histological analysis, CGMR-treated defects showed significantly improved modified O’Driscoll scoring when compared with no material- and CGA-treated defects (20.9 ± 4.3 vs. 13.00 ± 2.5 and 17.7 ± 4.6, p < 0.001). Moreover, group C exhibited higher intensity of type-II collagen immunohistochemical staining over the regenerated cartilage than groups A and B, along with increased expression of type-II collagen mRNA by RT-qPCR.

Conclusions

CGMR might improve cartilage regeneration in osteochondral defects.
Heterogeneous impact of Sighs on mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: insights from the PROTECTION study
Authors: Rezoagli Emanuele , Fornari Carla , Fumagalli Roberto , Grasselli Giacomo , Volta Carlo Alberto , Navalesi Paolo , Knafelj Rihard , Brochard Laurent , Pesenti Antonio , Mauri Tommaso , Foti Giuseppe ,   for the Pleural Pressure Working Group (PLUG), Colombo Riccardo , Cortegiani Andrea , Zhou Jian-Xin , D’Andrea Rocco , Calamai Italo , González Ánxela Vidal , Roca Oriol , Grieco Domenico Luca , Jovaisa Tomas , Bampalis Dimitrios , Becher Tobias , Battaglini Denise , Ge Huiqing , Luz Mariana , Santos Edgard , Constantin Jean-Michel , Ranieri Marco , Guerin Claude , Mancebo Jordi , Pelosi Paolo
Published: October 2024

Background

Sigh breaths may impact outcomes in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) during assisted mechanical ventilation. We investigated whether sigh breaths may impact mortality in predefined subgroups of patients enrolled in the PROTECTION multicenter clinical trial according to: 1.the physiological response in oxygenation to Sigh (responders versus non-responders) and 2.the set levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (High vs. Low-PEEP). If mortality differed between Sigh and No Sigh, we explored physiological daily differences at 7-days.

Results

Patients were randomized to pressure support ventilation (PSV) with Sigh (Sigh group) versus PSV with no sigh (No Sigh group). (1) Sighs were not associated with differences in 28-day mortality in responders to baseline sigh-test. Contrarily-in non-responders-56 patients were randomized to Sigh (55%) and 28-day mortality was lower with sighs (17%vs.36%, log-rank p = 0.031). (2) In patients with PEEP > 8cmH2O no difference in mortality was observed with sighs. With Low-PEEP, 54 patients were randomized to Sigh (48%). Mortality at 28-day was reduced in patients randomised to sighs (13%vs.31%, log-rank p = 0.021). These findings were robust to multivariable adjustments. Tidal volume, respiratory rate and ventilatory ratio decreased with Sigh as compared with No Sigh at 7-days. Ventilatory ratio was associated with mortality and successful extubation in both non-responders and Low-PEEP.

Conclusions

Addition of Sigh to PSV could reduce mortality in AHRF non-responder to Sigh and exposed to Low-PEEP. Results in non-responders were not expected. Findings in the low PEEP group may indicate that insufficient PEEP was used or that Low PEEP may be used with Sigh. Sigh may reduce mortality by decreasing physiologic dead space and ventilation intensity and/or optimizing ventilation/perfusion mismatch.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT03201263.
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a subtype of FN1 + tumor-associated macrophages associated with glioma recurrence and as a biomarker for immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Houshi , Chai Huihui , Chen Ming , Zhu Ruize , Jiang Shan , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Yue , Chen Jiawen , Wei Junji , Mao Ying , Shi Zhifeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain, and even with standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the long-term survival rate of patients remains unsatisfactory. Recurrence is one of the leading causes of death in glioma patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying glioma recurrence remain unclear.

Methods

Our study utilized single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and RNA-seq data to identify a subtype of FN1 + tumor-associated macrophages (FN1 + TAMs) associated with glioma recurrence.

Results

This study revealed an increased abundance of FN1 + TAMs in recurrent gliomas, indicating their potential involvement as a critical factor in glioma recurrence. A negative correlation was observed between the abundance of FN1 + TAMs in primary gliomas and the interval time to recurrence, suggesting poor prognosis for glioma patients with high levels of FN1 + TAMs. Further investigation showed that FN1 + TAMs were enriched in hypoxic tumor regions, implying that metabolic changes in tumors drive the production and recruitment of FN1 + TAMs. Additionally, FN1 + TAMs were found to contribute to the regulation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in gliomas, and their abundance might serve as an indicator of patients’ sensitivity to immunotherapy. Finally, we developed a user-friendly website, PRIMEG (http://www.szflab.site/PRIMEG/), for exploring the immune microenvironment of primary and recurrent gliomas.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight a subtype of FN1 + TAMs associated with glioma recurrence, providing new insights into potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the abundance of FN1 + TAMs hold promise for predicting immune therapy response and aiding in more precise risk stratification of recurrent glioma patients.
Adaptive superpixel segmentation and pigment identification of colored relics based on visible spectral images
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wei Chun-ao , Li Miaoxin , Cui Xinyu , Li Junfeng
Published: October 2024

This work explores the extraction of the spatial distribution and chemical composition information of pigments in colored relics through visible spectral images. An adaptive superpixel segmentation method is proposed to extract the spatial distribution information of pigments. Quadtree decomposition is applied to generate nonuniform initial seed points based on the image homogeneity. These seed points are used as the initial cluster centers in an extended simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm for visible spectral images to create superpixels of varying sizes that reflect the homogeneity. Each superpixel is subsequently treated as an individual area in the colored relics, and a pigment identification method based on the visible spectral reflectance is proposed to identify the pigments in these areas. A standard reference database is constructed using samples that simulate the painting process of ancient wall paintings in the Mogao Grottoes. Geometric features, which are characterized by the linear combination of the normalized visible spectral reflectance, its slope and its curvature, are designed to represent the chemical composition of pigments. The geometric features of the superpixels are compared with those of the pigments in the database using the Euclidean distance to determine the pigments in each area of the colored relics. This work is expected to provide scientific guidance for pigment selection in the color restoration of colored relics.
Breaking a dogma: orthodontic tooth movement alters systemic immunity
Authors: Klein Yehuda , David Eilon , Pinto Noy , Khoury Yasmin , Barenholz Yechezkel , Chaushu Stella
Published: October 2024

Background

The prevailing paradigm posits orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) as primarily a localized inflammatory process. In this study, we endeavor to elucidate the potential ramifications of mechanical force on systemic immunity, employing a time-dependent approach.

Materials and methods

A previously described mouse orthodontic model was used. Ni-Ti. springs were set to move the upper 1st-molar in C57BL/6 mice and the amount of OTM was. measured by µCT. Mice were allocated randomly into four experimental groups, each. corresponding to clinical phases of OTM, relative to force application. Terminal blood. samples were collected and a comprehensive blood count test for 7 cell types as well as. proteome profiling of 111 pivotal cytokines and chemokines were conducted. Two controls. groups were included: one comprised non-treated mice and the other mice with inactivated springs.

Results

Serum immuno-profiling unveiled alterations in cellular immunity, manifesting as. changes in percentages of leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and. lymphocytes, alongside key signaling factors in comparison to both control groups. The systemic cellular and molecular alterations triggered by OTM mirrored the dynamics previously described in the local immune response.

Conclusions

Although the exact interplay between local and systemic immune responses to orthodontic forces require further elucidation, our findings demonstrate a tangible link between the two. Future investigations should aim to correlate these results with human subjects, and strive to delve deeper into the specific mechanisms by which mechanical force modulates the systemic immune response.
Application of the MELTS program to the fractional crystallization of low-alumina alkaline magma on Jeju Volcanic Island, Korea
Authors: Le Hoang Yen , Chang Cheolwoo , Yun Sung-Hyo
Published: October 2024

Jeju Volcanic Island is the largest island in South Korea and is considered a continental shelf intraplate volcanic island. In this study, MELTS, a powerful program for modeling magmatic evolution processes, was applied to simulate the fractional crystallization process of the low-alumina alkaline volcanic rock suite on Jeju Island. MELTS modeling was conducted at many isobaric pressures ranging from 2.0 GPa to 0.1 GPa, different oxygen fugacities (fO2) from FMQ-3 to FMQ + 3, and different H2O contents. The results demonstrate that the most suitable fractionation model for the Jeju low-alumina alkaline magma involves a pressure of 0.2 GPa to 0.1 GPa and an oxygen fugacity close to the FMQ buffer. Additionally, an H2O content of 0.5 wt.% is the most consistent with the evolution trend and mineral composition of the natural rock suite on Jeju Island. Although MELTS possesses several limitations in terms of the stability of calibration, such as spinel overestimation and a lack of experiments on hydrous minerals (which should be improved), MELTS performs well in terms of temperature and pressure prediction and in terms of the assessment of other factors of the fractional crystallization process on Jeju Island. Consequently, to evaluate a magmatic process in a particular region, MELTS should be combined with other analyses and not relied upon independently.
Vision-sharing system for android avatars to enable remote eye contact
Authors: Shinkawa Kaoruko , Nakajima Mizuki , Nakata Yoshihiro
Published: October 2024

Maintaining eye contact is a fundamental aspect of non-verbal communication, yet current remote communication tools, such as video calls, struggle to replicate the natural eye contact experienced in face-to-face interactions. This study presents a cutting-edge vision-sharing system for android avatars that enables remote eye contact by synchronizing the eye movements of the operator and the avatar. Our innovative system features an eyeball integrated with a wide-angle lens camera, meticulously designed to mimic human eyes in both appearance and functionality. This technology is seamlessly integrated into android avatars, enabling operators to perceive the avatar’s surroundings as if physically present. It provides a stable and immersive visual experience through a head-mounted display synchronized with the avatar’s gaze direction. Through rigorous experimental evaluations, we demonstrated the system’s ability to faithfully replicate the operator’s perspective through the avatar, making eye contact more intuitive and effortless compared with conventional methods. Subjective assessments further validated the system’s capacity to reduce operational workload and enhance user experience. These compelling findings underscore the potential of our vision-sharing system to elevate the realism and efficacy of remote communication using android avatars.
Characterizing best practices for tonsil-oral-scrubbing (TOSc) collection for PRRSV RNA detection in sows
Authors: Li Peng , Silva Ana Paula Poeta , Tong Hao , Yeske Paul , Dalquist Laura , Kelly Jason , Finch Matt , Reever Amanda V. Anderson , Reicks Darwin L. , Connor Joseph F. , Gauger Phillip C. , Holtkamp Derald J. , Silva Gustavo S. , Trevisan Giovani , Linhares Daniel C. L.
Published: October 2024

Background

A Tonsil-Oral-Scrubbing (TOSc) method was developed to sample the sow’s oropharyngeal and tonsillar area without snaring and has shown comparable porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA detection rates with tonsil scraping in infected sows. This study investigated the effect of specific TOSc collection factors on the PRRSV RT-rtPCR results (detection rates and Ct values). Those factors include whether the sow was snared or not snared at TOSc collection (“snared” vs. “not snared”); whether the sow was laying down or standing at collection (“laying down” vs. “standing”); and type of collectors used for TOSc collection (“TOSc prototype” vs. “Spiral-headed AI catheter (SHAC)”). Volume of fluid was compared between “snared” and “not snared” groups, and collection time was compared between “laying down” and “standing” groups as well.

Results

The effect for each factor was assessed in three independent studies following the same design: TOSc was collected twice from each studied sow, once with the baseline level for a factor (“not snared”, or “standing”, or “TOSc prototype”), and another time followed by the other level of the paired factor (“snared”, “laying down”, or “SHAC”, correspondingly). Results showed that “not snared” TOSc had numerically higher PRRSV RNA detection rate (60.7% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.11), significantly lower median Ct values (31.9 vs. 32.3, p < 0.01), and significantly higher volume of fluid than “snared” samples (1.8 mL vs. 1.2 mL, p < 0.01); “laying down” TOSc samples did not differ statistically (60.7% vs. 60.7%) in the PRRSV RNA detection rate, obtained numerically lower median Ct values (30.9 vs. 31.3, p = 0.19), but took 40% less collection time compared to “standing” TOSc samples; samples collected using the “TOSc prototype” had numerically higher PRRSV RNA detection rate (91.7% vs. 88.3%, p = 0.27) and significantly lower median Ct values (32.8 vs. 34.5, p < 0.01) than that from “SHAC”.

Conclusions

Under the conditions of this study best practices for TOSc collection aiming higher detection rate of PRRSV RNA while minimizing time for collection were suggested to be sampling TOSc without snaring, when sows are laying down, and using a prototype TOSc collector.
A novel bailout technique using myocardial biopsy forceps to grasp a dislodged angio-seal collagen with footplate
Authors: Miwa Hiromi , Hayakawa Naoki , Tsuchida Yasuyuki , Ichihara Shinya , Hirano Satoshi , Maruta Shunsuke , Miyaji Kotaro , Kushida Shunichi
Published: October 2024

Background

Hemostatic devices are now frequently used in femoral artery punctures, and the Angio-Seal (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) is one of the most commonly used devices for closure of the femoral artery because it provides rapid hemostasis. Although device failure rarely occurs, if the collagen falls into the femoral artery, it may lead to severe limb ischemia. Herein, we describe a case of a novel endovascular technique for the treatment of Angio-Seal arterial closure device failure.

Case presentation

The patient in Case 1 was a 75-year-old man with severe left limb claudication. We used a contralateral antegrade approach and used the Angio-Seal for hemostasis. However, the Angio-Seal collagen and footplate dropped and stopped at the bifurcation of the superficial femoral artery and deep femoral artery. The collagen with the footplate was caught with myocardial biotome forceps (MBF) and pulled into the external iliac artery (EIA). The distal common femoral artery (CFA) was punctured, and we delivered a 10.0- × 80-mm stent (SMART®; Cordis, USA) to the EIA from the ipsilateral sheath. The stent was deployed at the EIA and crushed the collagen. The patient in Case 2 was an 88-year-old man with rest pain in the right limb. The right CFA was punctured using an ipsilateral approach and the Angio-Seal was used for hemostasis. The Angio-Seal collagen with the footplate dropped into the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery. The collagen and footplate were caught with MBF and pulled up to the EIA. The right CFA was punctured and a 10.0- × 60-mm stent (SMART®; Cordis) was delivered from the ipsilateral sheath. The stent was deployed at the EIA and crushed the collagen with the footplate.

Conclusions

MBF were used to grasp the dislodged collagen with the anchor and cover it with a stent at the iliac artery. This may be a useful bailout technique for Angio-Seal dislodgement.
Enhancing microgrid energy management through solar power uncertainty mitigation using supervised machine learning
Authors: Elazab Rasha , Dahab Ahmed Abo , Adma Maged Abo , Hassan Hany Abdo
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the inherent challenges associated with the limited flexibility of power systems, specifically emphasizing uncertainties in solar power due to dynamic regional and seasonal fluctuations in photovoltaic (PV) potential. The research introduces a novel supervised machine learning model that focuses on regression methods specifically tailored for advanced microgrid energy management within a 100% PV microgrid, i.e. a microgrid system that is powered entirely by solar energy, with no reliance on other energy sources such as fossil fuels or grid electricity. In this context, “PV” specifically denotes photovoltaic solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity. A distinctive feature of the model is its exclusive reliance on current solar radiation as an input parameter to minimize prediction errors, justified by the unique advantages of supervised learning. The performance of four well-established supervised machine learning models—Neural Networks (NN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Linear Regression (LR)—known for effectively addressing short-term uncertainty in solar radiation, is thoroughly evaluated. Results underscore the superiority of the NN approach in accurately predicting solar irradiance across diverse geographical sites, including Cairo, Egypt; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; and Berlin, Germany. The comprehensive analysis covers both Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), demonstrating the model’s efficacy in various solar environments. Additionally, the study emphasizes the practical implementation of the model within an Energy Management System (EMS) using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) software, showcasing high accuracy in microgrid energy management. This validation attests to the economic efficiency and reliability of the proposed model. The calculated range of error, as the median error for cost analysis, varies from 2 to 6%, affirming the high accuracy of the proposed model.
Improving mental health response in earthquake-prone regions: recommendations following the recent earthquake in Türkiye
Authors: Ramalho Rodrigo , Ersönmez Rojda , Kına İdil , Keçeci İrem , Apparao Ramin , Koh Eugene B. Y. , Coskun Bülent
Published: October 2024

We are members of Students’ Education, Empowerment and Development in Mental Health, a group of medical students and psychiatrists from around the globe under the Psychiatry, Medicine and Primary Care Section of the World Psychiatric Association. In this article, we put forward recommendations to help improve the mental health response in disaster-prone regions such as Türkiye. We recommend a three-step multi-tiered mental health response system that could significantly help to address the immediate, short-term and long-term mental health needs of communities directly affected by a disaster. The recommendation draws from the relevant literature and, most importantly, from our lived experiences of living in earthquake-prone countries.
12608 Preserving Lean Body Mass During Weight Loss In Elderly Obese Patients With Glp-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Chaudhuri Ajay , Hejna Jeanne , Dandona Paresh
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: H. Ghanim: None. A. Chaudhuri: None. J. Hejna: None. P. Dandona: None.

Preserving Lean Body Mass During Weight Loss in Elderly Obese Patients with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Background and Rational: Since aging process is associated with loss of muscle (lean body) mass which increases risk of sarcopenia and since weight loss programs routinely induce loss in both fat and lean masses, weight loss intervention that targets fat mass reduction while preserving lean body mass is clearly needed in older patients. We have previously shown that liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), treatment in obese type 1 diabetes patients caused a significant weight loss which was mostly attributable to the loss of body fat while preserving lean body mass. Therefore, we are testing if semaglutide, a weekly GLP-1 RA, will achieve the same preservation in elderly obese subjects. Methods: Design: The is a single-center, prospective, open label, randomized (in pairs matched by age, BMI and by gender) and controlled pilot study to investigate the effects of semaglutide (up to 1mg/week) addition to a standard of care (SOC) weight loss dietary and exercise intervention for 16 weeks on body weight and composition compered to SOC in elderly obese patients. Patients: Sixteen (16) able elderly obese (age: ≥65 years, BMI ≥30 Kg/m2 and waist circumference for women >80 cm and for men >90 cm) were enrolled in the study. DEXA scans and blood samples were collected at 0 and 16 weeks. Total mass, fat mass, lean mass and fat/lean mass ratio was calculated. Results: At 16 weeks following interventions, patients in the semaglutide plus SOC group lost an average of 8.1±1.4Kg compared to 2.8±0.7Kg in the SOC group (p<0.05). Weight loss from non-lean (fat) and lean compartments were 5.6±0.9kg and 1.6±0.4kg, respectively, in the semaglutide group compared to 1.5±0.6kg and 0.9±0.3Kg, respectively, in the control group (p<0.05 for fat compartment). Fat mass to lean mass ratio change was -0.08±0.02 in semaglutide group compared to no change in the SOC group (p<0.05). Generally, there was no major side effects or adverse events including no hypoglycemia. Patients in the semaglutide group reported mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusions and Implications: Addition of semaglutide, to a SOC weight loss program resulted in significantly more weight loss, more fat mass loss lower fat/lean mass ratio and no significant difference in lean mass loss compared to SOC. Our preliminary data supports the hypothesis that GLP-1 RA induced weight loss in elderly obese patients may preserve lean (muscle) mass in elderly obese patients which needs further investigations in larger and longer clinical trials.

Presentation: 6/1/2024
12211 Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass And Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Showed Similar Efficacy In Achieving Cardiometabolic Composite Target In Subject With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Tuccinardi D , Monte L , Manfrini S
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: D. Tuccinardi: None. L. Monte: None. S. Manfrini: None.

Introduction: The ADA produced a triple composite outcome that summarizes the therapeutic targets of the three most prevalent complications of obesity: type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and dyslipidemia (HbA1c <7.0%; LDL cholesterol<100 mg/dL and systolic blood pressure <130 mmHg). The present study primarily investigates the difference between Vertical Sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in achieving the composite target one year after the surgery. The secondary outcome assessed the success rate in achieving the separate components' target at months 6, 12 and 24 post-surgery. Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated 103 patients with obesity and T2D. At each visit, anthropometric measurements were recorded, and the metabolic and lipid profile was evaluated before surgery and subsequently during the follow-up visits at 6, 12 and 24 months post-surgery. Results: Twelve months after surgery, patients undergoing RYGB did not show a significant difference compared to those undergoing VSG in achieving the composite target (P =.57). Patients undergoing RYGB showed greater LDL target achievement at 6 months post-surgery than the VSG(P=.005). Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced over time in the RYGB compared to the VSG (P=.023 and P=.010 respectively). Conclusion: RYGB and VSG showed similar efficacy in reaching the cardiometabolic ADA composite target in subjects with T2D undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients undergoing RYGB showed a significant reduction over time in LDL and total cholesterol compared to the VSG group. More extended randomized studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the two surgical procedures in the improvement and remission of cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity.

Presentation: 6/1/2024
7680 Targeting HIF1α Enhances Exercise Benefits in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Authors: Yu J , Cheung C , Gunton J E
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: J. Yu: None. C. Cheung: None. J.E. Gunton: None.

Exercise is well-established to be beneficial for obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular health. Exercise induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in muscle. HIF1α is well-known for its role in cell survival and adaptation, particularly in states of hypoxia. Interestingly, in obesity and diabetes, HIF1α can exert either beneficial or harmful effects (1). We hypothesised that these differing outcomes may relate to different hydroxylation of HIF1α. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we created a novel mouse model removing the asparagine hydroxylation site: HIF1α-N813Q mice. We explored the effects of exercise and high fat diet (HFD) feeding in N813Q mice. The hypothesis is that N813Q mice will be protected from adverse consequences of HFD, and experience greater benefits with exercise. Male HIF1α-N813Q mutant mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates underwent glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT), fore-limb grip strength and endurance testing. They were then fed HFD (Diet 6B; 45% digestible energy from lipids) and given access to a running wheel in their home cages, with the wheels being locked for controls. Metabolic and muscle function tests were repeated during the experiment. Baseline data did not show any significant differences between genotypes in glucose and insulin tolerance, endurance or grip strength. On HFD, weight gain and fat mass were significantly reduced in mutant mice given access to a wheel but not any of the other groups. After 3 weeks of wheel access, N813Q-exercise mice had significantly enhanced grip strength (p<0.05) and increased endurance which further increased by 6 weeks. Strikingly, the 3-week improvement in mutant-exercise mice was comparable to the improvement observed at 10 weeks in WT-exercise mice. WT mice exhibited a higher percentage of lipid between myofibers whereas, mutant mice had a significantly elevated proportion of myocellular lipid depots in small droplets. Overall, the novel HIF1α mice have enhanced improvements in muscle functionality and metabolism with exercise. This suggests that targeting HIF1α is a potential mechanism to substantially augment the beneficial effects of exercise. Reference: (1). Gunton JE. J Clin Invest. 2020 Oct 1;130(10):5063-5073.

Presentation: 6/3/2024