bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ressignificação dos saberes e prática- O ensino da Saúde Mental na graduação de Enfermagem
Authors: Silva Jaksiana Batista da , Fortes Fabíola Lisboa da Silveira , Paiva Andyara do Carmo Pinto Coelho , Tormen Darla
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a forma de atuação do profissional enfermeiro no campo da saúde mental no período pós Reforma Psiquiátrica, tendo como subsídio a sua formação durante a graduação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com características descritiva e exploratória, baseada em uma pesquisa de campo, onde foram entrevistados 8 profissionais enfermeiros atuantes nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do município de Juiz de Fora - MG e administrados exclusivamente pela prefeitura da cidade. Resultados: surgiram dois tópicos: Reflexo da formação no campo de atuação e Necessidade de atualização dos atos profissionais na saúde mental, onde podemos constatar que a formação durante a graduação no que tange a saúde mental foi incipiente, com conteúdo teórico-prático desarticulado e descontextualizado do cotidiano dos serviços substitutivos. Todos confirmaram que exploraram outros materiais e fontes para se aperfeiçoar e compreender melhor os assuntos pertinentes ao cuidado em saúde mental ao decorrer da sua atuação no CAPS. Conclusão: Evidenciado na pesquisa que mesmo após 20 anos da Lei 10.216, os enfermeiros continuam com dificuldades para reconhecer sua práxis dentro dos CAPS e reconhecem que os conteúdos adquiridos durante a sua formação não foram suficientes para um trabalho adequado dentro dos moldes da nova ideologia da saúde mental.
Żelazna Nowa, stanowisko 2. Cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej z Zapilcza na południowym Mazowszu
Authors: Cieślak-Kopyt Małgorzata , Pogodzińska Dorota
Published: February 2021

The subject of the monograph, published as the 10th volume of the Saved Archaeological Heritage series, are the results of rescue excavations on a cemetery from the period of Roman influence on the Vistula River near Magnuszew in southern Mazovia (Poland), carried out several years ago at the initiative of the Museum in Radom. This necropolis, like many similar ones throughout the country, was systematically destroyed as a result of agricultural activities, and in recent years also through illegal prospection with the use of metal detectors. Archaeologists, with the cooperation of numerous volunteers, managed to protect against further destruction about 60 graves (urned and urnless) from the period between the 1st century BC and the 3rd century CE. These are an evidence of the settlement of the region by people whose material traces are referred to in the archaeological nomenclature as the Przeworsk culture (associated mainly with the Germanic tribes). The cinerary graves were equipped with ceramics, metal parts of clothing, tools, less often weapons, glass beads, imported vessels or dice. Among the forms of graves, the so-called groove object stands out: a kind of rectangular grave feature tied with survival to the beginnings of our era of Celtic traditions, arriving here from northern Małopolska. In addition to the standard catalogue with the description of graves, pottery and small finds, and very detailed illustration plates, the monograph includes an analysis of material culture and forms of burial, photographs of selected finds and very extensive specialist reports. The latter include both osteological materials (anatomo-anthropological analysis, analysis of animal bones placed in the graves), as well as other ecofacts and individual categories of furnishings (glass, faience, iron and bronze objects). The whole is complemented by clear plans with the location of graves and artifacts in the necropolises, as well as with the results of non-invasive research going far beyond the excavated area and of key importance for further in situ protection of this extremely valuable monument.
Katalog obiektów i znalezisk luźnych
Authors: Pogodzińska Dorota
Published: February 2021

The catalogue comprises of the detailed description of a total of 65 Przeworsk culture features that were discovered in the Żelazna Nowa cemetery, along with the typology and the state of preservation of their furnishings. An additional list regards a characteristics of 379 small finds from the site.
Chronologia i planigrafia cmentarzyska
Authors: Cieślak-Kopyt Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

The excavations (which encompassed 6.2 ares) and surface surveys carried out to date allow the chronology of the cemetery to be determined as spanning from phases A3 of the Younger Pre-Roman period to phase C1b/C2 of the Roman period. The cemetery in Żelazna Nowa was established in phase A3 and remained in uninterrupted use until phase C1b (C2?). Due to significant damage and the small number of artefacts being good chronological indicators, only some of the graves could be dated. The earliest phase is represented by a small group of graves discovered in the north-western part of the site and dated to phase A3. Their chronology was determined based on ceramic vessels, three N brooches. Phase B1 is well-discernible in the materials, especially in the north-western part of the necropolis. A concentration of interesting artefacts, including imports, was found in this area during surface surveys: two brass brooches of the A.67a type, two decorative figure-of-eight fittings made from lead brass, and a brass bracelet of the Kamieńczyk type. Phase B2 is the most well-represented phase in the site. Burials from that phase occupy the central part of the explored area, and they include the quadrangular groove feature with three graves and a number of other graves, mainly urned cremations, discovered over a small area. The late phase of the necropolis is only discernible in uncontexted finds: fragments of wheel-made vessels and two bows of tendril brooches.
Wyroby ze szkła i fajansu egipskiego
Authors: Wajda Sylwia , Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata
Published: February 2021

During archaeological research in the cremation cemetery in Żelazna Nowa, 106 glass and four faience artefacts were uncovered. Most of them were found in eleven cremation burials (1, 2, 19A, 33, 34, vicinity of 36, 37, 39, 44, 47, 54) dated between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. The glass pieces are highly fragmented, melted, or fused with other elements of the pyre, with only one glass bead completely preserved (type 218c acc. to Tempelmann-Mączyńska). The faience objects have survived in better shape: these are two complete beads and two fragments, all representing type 171 (acc. to Tempelmann-Mączyńska). Chemical compositions of 12 glass pieces and one fragment of a faience bead were determined using EPMA analysis. All the analysed artefacts turned out to be sodium glasses, made using both mineral sodium (natron) and sodium from the ash of halophytic plants (one sample). Natron glasses represent three groups distinguished by varying contents of MgO and K2O. The differences in concentrations of these components indicate that sands from different deposits were added in the glass-making process. This corroborates a hypothesis positing multiple centres of glass production during the Roman Period.
Badania nad technologią wybranych zabytków żelaznych
Authors: Biborski Mateusz , Biborski Marcin , Stępiński Janusz
Published: February 2021

The extensive programme of research on artefacts recovered from the Przeworsk culture cemetery in Żelazna Nowa, Comm. Magnuszew, included performing a series of metallographic analyses. Only three objects were subjected to the analyses due to their good preservation: two knives and a shield grip fragment. The aim was to determine the technology of manufacture of particular objects and to identify the raw materials from which they were forged. Microstructure was examined using a Leica DMLM metallurgical microscope, and the observed metal structures were photographed. In addition, metal hardness was measured using the Vickers method, with a load of 10 kG (98N). Carbon content of steel was determined based on microscopic observation. As demonstrated by the analyses, the artefacts were made from metal obtained through the bloomery process from bog iron with a significant admixture of phosphorus. The technology used for manufacture of the analysed artefacts was not particularly sophisticated. They were forged from single pieces of bloomery iron. The only exception is a knife (inv. no. CCLII/15), which was forged from two different pieces of metal welded together, namely from a piece of high phosphorus iron and a piece of soft steel. This made the knife more flexible, while rendering its blade sufficiently hard and more resistant to abrasion. One cannot rule out that the blades of both knives were originally hardened by local carburisation, in connection with later thermal processing (quenching). The results of metallographic research seem to support our assumptions. The two knives and the shield grip were manufactured in local Przeworsk culture workshops, perhaps from iron originating from the centre of metallurgy in the Mazowsze (Mazovia) region.
Nieinwazyjne badania archeologiczne na stanowisku 2 w Żelaznej Nowej
Authors: Piotrowski Marcin , Piotrowska Patrycja
Published: February 2021

Non-invasive archaeological research was carried within the complex of sites 2–3 in Żelazna Nowa, and the analysis of the results. The basic goal of the research was to determine the range of the necropolis in site 2, to reveal its topography, and to assess the state of its preservation. The research was performed using a non-invasive geophysical survey with the magnetic method. An additional objective was to map sites 2 and 3 and present them against a broader geographic background. The maps were created using numeric altitude data from laser scanning (LIDAR) and aerial photography. Site 2, the focus of the research, occupies a well-defined lentoid elevation stretching along the E-W axis, and it encompasses at least three distinct zones. The first zone is the necropolis in the western part of the site, confirmed by archaeological excavations. Geophysical research allows for concluding that the necropolis extended over an area larger than 1 ha. Its southern and eastern boundaries are discernible on the map of magnetic anomalies (Figs. 13.2–7). The second zone is a stretch of land to the east of the necropolis, distinguished by a distinct concentration of archaeological features. The third zone is an area where settlement features also occur, but in much lesser concentrations than in zone 2. Zones 2 and 3 (the eastern one) are distinguished by considerable numbers of artefacts, potsherds in particular, occurring on the surface. In addition, traces of hearths damaged by ploughing were recorded in zone 3 in the form of black spots of various sizes discernible from the level of the ground, and especially from the air (Fig. 13.8). A distinct concentration of features in zone 2 may stem from its transitional nature between the cemetery and the settlement, perhaps with the two partly overlapping at some stages of their development. However, the relatively clear results of the magnetic research only allow for preliminary interpretation of the identified features. The data need to be verified by archaeological excavations. The non-invasive research, especially the magnetic survey, should undoubtedly be extended. It is also worth taking aerial photographs again, in different weather conditions and especially at the time of year when the crops start to grow. This can be expected to reveal previously undetected features, in particular those of settlement nature.
Vagus nerve stimulation suppresses generalized seizure activity and seizure-triggered postictal cardiac rhythm changes in rats
Authors: Sahin D , Ilbay G , Imal M , Bozdogan O , Ates N
Published: February 2021

In the present study, we investigated the effects of vagus nerve
stimulation (VNS), a proposed treatment for patients with
intractable epilepsy, on cardiac rhythm following seizures induced
by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in Wistar rats. After a baseline
recording of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram
(ECG) and blood pressure (BP), rats in the first group received a
single convulsive dose of PTZ (70 mg/kg) (Group 1). In the other
two groups, the Wistar rats were implanted with a cuff electrode
on the left cervical vagus nerve. One day after surgery, rats in
the second group were treated with VNS (Group 2), whereas rats
in the third group were connected to the stimulator but did not
receive VNS (Group 3). Ten minutes after VNS onset, 70 mg/kg
dose of PTZ was injected. EEG, ECG and BP were continuously
recorded during post-injection period. Seizure severity was
scored behaviorally. Then, baseline, ictal and postictal periods
were analyzed for cardiac rhythms, seizure severity and blood
pressure variability. PTZ treatment induced tonic-clonic seizure
activity in all animals of Group 1 and Group 3. In these groups a
marked increase of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) but a
significant decrease in heart rate and PP interval fluctuations was
observed at postictal period. However, in the VNS-treated group
the seizure scores and cardiac parameter returned to the
baseline level. Present results emphasize that VNS effectively
reduces seizure severity and suppress the seizure-induced
cardiac rhythm changes.
Alterations in the expression of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/ref-1) and DNA damage in the caudal region of acute and chronic spinal cord injured rats treated by embryonic neural stem cells
Authors: Dagci T , Armagan G , Konyalioglu S , Yalcin A
Published: February 2021

The oxidative mechanisms of injury-induced damage of neurons
within the spinal cord are not very well understood. We used a
model of T8-T9 spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat to induce
neuronal degeneration. In this spinal cord injury model, unilateral
avulsion of the spinal cord causes oxidative stress of neurons. We
tested the hypothesis that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (or
redox effector factor-1, APE/Ref-1) regulates this neuronal
oxidation mechanism in the spinal cord region caudal to the
lesion, and that DNA damage is an early upstream signal. The
embryonic neural stem cell therapy significantly decreased DNAdamage levels in both study groups – acutely (followed up to
7 days after SCI), and chronically (followed up to 28 days after
SCI) injured animals. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of APE/Ref-1
significantly increased after embryonic neural stem cell therapy in
acutely and chronically injured animals when compared to acute
and chronic sham groups. Our data has demonstrated that an
increase of APE/Ref-1 mRNA levels in the caudal region of spinal
cord strongly correlated with DNA damage after traumatic spinal
cord injury. We suggest that DNA damage can be observed both
in lesional and caudal regions of the acutely and chronically
injured groups, but DNA damage is reduced with embryonic
neural stem cell therapy.
Prevalence of tidal expiratory flow limitation in preschool children with and without respiratory symptoms: application of the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method
Authors: Jiřičková A , Šulc J , Pohunek P , Kittnar O , Dohnalová A , Kofránek J
Published: February 2021

Negative expiratory pressure (NEP) applied at the mouth during
tidal expiration provides a non-invasive method for detecting
expiratory flow limitation. Forty-two children were studied, i.e.
25 children with different respiratory symptoms (R) and
17 without any respiratory symptoms (NR). Children were
examined without any sedation. A preset NEP of -5 cm H2O was
applied; its duration did not exceed duration of tidal expiration. A
significance of FL was judged by determining of a flow-limited
range (in % of tidal volume). FL was found in 48 % children of R
group. No patient of the NR group elicited FL (P<0.001 R vs.
NR). The frequency of upper airway collapses was higher in R
group (12 children) than in NR group (5 children). In conclusion,
a high frequency of tidal FL in the R group was found, while it
was not present in NR group. A relatively high frequency of
expiratory upper airway collapses was found in both groups, but
it did not differ significantly. NEP method represents a reasonable
approach for tidal flow limitation testing in non-sedated preschool
children.
Effects of ectopic pacing on repolarization of the chicken left ventricle
Authors: Kharin SN , Shmakov DN , Antonova NA
Published: February 2021

Effects of ectopic pacing on left ventricular repolarization were
studied in six anesthetized open-chest chickens. In each animal,
unipolar electrograms were acquired from as many as 98 sites
with 14 plunge needles (seven transmural locations between
epicardium and endocardium in each needle). Activation-recovery
intervals (ARIs), corrected to the cycle length, were used for
estimating repolarization. At baseline, the nonuniform ARI
distribution in the left ventricle resulted in the apicobasal
differences being greater than the transmural gradient.
Nonuniform ARI prolongation caused by ectopic pacing resulted
in decreasing the transmural repolarization gradient and
increasing the differences in the apex-to-base direction. The
basal, but not apical transmural differences contributed to the
total left ventricular transmural gradient. The total left ventricular
apicobasal gradient was contributed by the apicobasal differences
in mid-myocardial and subendocardial layers more than in
subepicardial ones. Thus, in in situ chicken hearts, the transmural
and apicobasal ARI gradients exist within the left ventricle with
the shortest ARIs in the basal subepicardium and the longest
ARIs in the subendocardium of the apical and middle parts of the
left ventricle. Apicobasal compared to transmural heterogeneity
of local repolarization properties contributes more to the total left
ventricular repolarization gradient.
Long-term effect of losartan administration on blood pressure, heart and structure of coronary artery of young spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Koprdová R , Cebová M , Kristek F
Published: February 2021

Alterations in geometry and structure of coronary arteries have
marked consequences on blood flow to the respective area. We
evaluated long-term effect of losartan on blood pressure (BP),
heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), geometry and structure of
septal branch of coronary artery (RS) of young SHR and Wistar
rats. Four-week-old Wistar rats and SHR were used. Losartan
was administered (20 mg/kg/day) in drinking water by gavage
for 5 weeks. BP was measured by plethysmographic method.
Cardiovascular system was perfused with a fixative (120 mm Hg).
RS was processed for electron microscopy. Wall thickness of
intima + media (WT), inner diameter (ID), cross-sectional area of
intima + media (CSA), volume densities (VD) of endothelial cells
(EC), extracellular matrix (ECM) of intima, smooth muscle cells
(SMC) and ECM of media were evaluated. BP of 4-week-old SHR
did not differ from that of Wistar rats. BP, HW/BW, WT, CSA,
WT/ID, CSAs of SMC, ECM of media were increased in 9-weekold SHR, whereas their VD and CSA of EC were decreased.
Losartan administration decreased BP and HW/BW in both
groups. Geometry of RS was affected only in SHR (reduction of
WT, CSA, WT/ID and increased of ID, circumferential tension, VD
and CSA of EC). Losartan administration reduced BP and
myocardial mass in both groups and beneficially affected
geometry and structure of coronary artery in SHR.
The Bible's Viewpoint On Wedding Of The Kind
Authors: Nainggolan Jisman
Published: February 2021

This research aims to explain and understand or understand what same sex marriage is, which is against the Bible's principles, and what factors cause such marriage, and what impact it has on society and the church. So this Biblical study discusses Christian marriage and its implications for God's children in order to understand true Christian marriage. For this reason, the research method used is a qualitative method, namely through documentation and literature research. So this research is to contain the Biblical understanding of Christian marriage, as a basis for providing answers to the rise of same-sex marriage in this era of globalization, and to have a better understanding of Christian marriage based on the Bible for Christians, so that Christians will be able and courageous. bringing in the LGBT community, who in fact are the vast majority of perpetrators of same-sex marriage. Often referred to as gender identity disorder, also known as transsexualism is the mental awareness a person has about their gender, about whether they are male or female in which the gender identity of a transsexual is opposite to the gender that is "imposed" on them based on his physical genitals. Male to female transsexual or what is known as homo and lesbi, namely transsexual male to female, has a male body and a female soul. Until now, the presence of LGBT people around us is still not fully accepted. Not infrequently they are treated like miracles who deserve ridicule, ridicule, or other forms of rejection. In fact, it is the resistance and anti-patience of the community that has been able to trigger the aggressive behavior of LGBT people.
Estimating the Relative Concentration of Superparamagnetic and Stable Single Domain Particles in Geological, Biological, and Synthetic Materials
Authors: Hirt Ann M. , Liu Pengfei
Published: February 2021

Obtaining an estimate of the relative proportion of superparamagnetic (SP) to stable single-domain (SSD) particle sizes in a material can be useful in evaluating environmental conditions in natural materials, or in understanding the homogeneity of particle size and the degree of agglomeration in synthesized particles. Frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility is one of the most common methods used to identify SP particles in a material. The ability to detect SP particles, however, will be dependent on the field frequencies that can be applied. This study is concerned with evaluating three methods to estimate the SP content in a mixture of SSD and SP magnetite. We examine the use of the Day-Dunlop plot, first-order reversal curves (FORC) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the relationship between the reversible and irreversible magnetization as methods to evaluate qualitatively the relative contributions of SSD and SP magnetite in a material. Two series of mixtures of coated nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 and 11 nm are used as the SP end member and magnetosomes or intact magnetotactic bacterium of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense as the SSD end member. The Day-Dunlop plot tracks the progressive change in hysteresis properties with growing SP concentration. PCA of FORC data is sensitive in detecting differences in the SP component, when the SP particle size are not too small; otherwise the ratio between the reversible and irreversible magnetization can better assess differences. The results from the series are used to evaluate the relative SP content in three further sets of samples: biological tissue, synthetic nanoparticles, and samples from natural environments, to assess the strengths and weaknesses in each approach.
Natural Polyphenols as Targeted Modulators in Colon Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Long Jing , Guan Peng , Hu Xian , Yang Lingyuan , He Liuqin , Lin Qinlu , Luo Feijun , Li Jianzhong , He Xingguo , Du Zhiliang , Li Tiejun
Published: February 2021

Colon cancer commonly develops from long-term chronic inflammation in the intestine and seriously threatens human health. Natural polyphenols have been valued as a crucial regulator of nutrient metabolism and metabolic diseases, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions and the ability to maintain a balance between gut microbes and their hosts. Notably, experimental and clinical evidence has shown that natural polyphenols could act as a targeted modulator to play a key role in the prevention or treatment of colon cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarized recent advances in the possible regulatory mechanism and the potential application of natural polyphenols in colon cancer, which might be regarded as a novel platform for the colon cancer management.
Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Enters Into PK15 Cells Through Clathrin- and Dynamin-2-Mediated Endocytosis in a Rab5/Rab7 and pH-Dependent Fashion
Authors: Shi Ruihan , Hou Lei , Wei Li , Quan Rong , Zhou Bin , Jiang Haijun , Wang Jing , Zhu Shanshan , Song Jiangwei , Wang Dan , Liu Jue
Published: February 2021

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) invades multiple tissues and organs of pigs of different ages and are widely spread throughout pig farms, emerging as an important viral pathogen that can potentially damage the pig industry worldwide. Since PCV3 is a newly discovered virus, many aspects of its life cycle remain unknown. Porcine kidney epithelial cells are important host targets for PCV3. Here, we used systematic approaches to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell entry and intracellular trafficking of PCV3 in PK15 cells, a cell line of porcine kidney epithelial origin. A large number of PCV3 viral particles were found to colocalize with clathrin but not caveolin-1 after entry, and PCV3 infection was significantly decreased when treated with chlorpromazine, dynasore, knockdown of clathrin heavy chain expression via RNA interference, or overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of EPS15 in PCV3-infected cells. After internalization, the viral particles were further observed to colocalize with Rab5 and Rab7, and knockdown of both expression by RNA interference significantly inhibited PCV3 replication. We also found that PCV3 infection was impeded by ammonium chloride treatment, which indicated the requirement of an acidic environment for viral entry. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PCV3 enters PK15 cells through a clathrin- and dynamin-2-mediated endocytic pathway, which requires early and late endosomal trafficking, as well as an acidic environment, providing an insightful theoretical basis for further understanding the PCV3 life cycle and its pathogenesis.
Identification of Tumor Mutation Burden and Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Yin Lu , Zhou Liuzhi , Xu Rujun
Published: February 2021

We aimed to explore the tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune infiltration in HCC and investigate new biomarkers for immunotherapy. Transcriptome and gene mutation data were downloaded from the GDC portal, including 374 HCC samples and 50 matched normal samples. Furthermore, we divided the samples into high and low TMB groups, and analyzed the differential genes between them with GO, KEGG, and GSEA. Cibersort was used to assess the immune cell infiltration in the samples. Finally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify differential genes related to TMB and immune infiltration, and a risk prediction model was constructed. We found 10 frequently mutated genes, including TP53, TTN, CTNNB1, MUC16, ALB, PCLO, MUC, APOB, RYR2, and ABCA. Pathway analysis indicated that these TMB-related differential genes were mainly enriched in PI3K-AKT. Cibersort analysis showed that memory B cells (p = 0.02), CD8+ T cells (p = 0.09), CD4+ memory activated T cells (p = 0.07), and neutrophils (p = 0.06) demonstrated a difference in immune infiltration between high and low TMB groups. On multivariate analysis, GABRA3 (p = 0.05), CECR7 (p < 0.001), TRIM16 (p = 0.003), and IL7R (p = 0.04) were associated with TMB and immune infiltration. The risk prediction model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69, suggesting that patients with low risk had better survival outcomes. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CECR7, GABRA3, IL7R, and TRIM16L were associated with TMB and promoted antitumor immunity in HCC.
Therapeutic Strategies Against Cancer Stem Cells in Esophageal Carcinomas
Authors: Das Plabon Kumar , Islam Farhadul , Smith Robert A. , Lam Alfred K.
Published: February 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in esophageal cancer have a key role in tumor initiation, progression and therapy resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies to target CSCs are being tested, however, more in-depth research is necessary. Eradication of CSCs can result in successful therapeutic approaches against esophageal cancer. Recent evidence suggests that targeting signaling pathways, miRNA expression profiles and other properties of CSCs are important strategies for cancer therapy. Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo and other pathways play crucial roles in proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells as well as of CSCs. All of these pathways have been implicated in the regulation of esophageal CSCs and are potential therapeutic targets. Interference with these pathways or their components using small molecules could have therapeutic benefits. Similarly, miRNAs are able to regulate gene expression in esophageal CSCs, so targeting self-renewal pathways with miRNA could be utilized to as a potential therapeutic option. Moreover, hypoxia plays critical roles in esophageal cancer metabolism, stem cell proliferation, maintaining aggressiveness and in regulating the metastatic potential of cancer cells, therefore, targeting hypoxia factors could also provide effective therapeutic modalities against esophageal CSCs. To conclude, additional study of CSCs in esophageal carcinoma could open promising therapeutic options in esophageal carcinomas by targeting hyper-activated signaling pathways, manipulating miRNA expression and hypoxia mechanisms in esophageal CSCs.
Genomic Assays in Node Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Review
Authors: Bou Zerdan Maroun , Ibrahim Maryam , El Nakib Clara , Hajjar Rayan , Assi Hazem I.
Published: February 2021

In recent years, developments in breast cancer have allowed yet another realization of individualized medicine in the field of oncology. One of these advances is genomic assays, which are considered elements of standard clinical practice in the management of breast cancer. These assays are widely used today not only to measure recurrence risk in breast cancer patients at an early stage but also to tailor treatment as well and minimize avoidable treatment side effects. At present, genomic tests are applied extensively in node negative disease. In this article, we review the use of these tests in node positive disease, explore their ramifications on neoadjuvant chemotherapy decisions, highlight sufficiently powered recent studies emphasizing their use and review the most recent guidelines.
Case Report: Neonatal Unexplained HUS Treated With Complement Inhibitor Eculizumab
Authors: Kelen Dorottya , Chiodini Benedetta , Godart Valérie , Adams Brigitte , Stordeur Patrick , Ismaili Khalid
Published: February 2021

Background: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is rare in neonates. It is probably an under-recognized condition in the early postnatal period as it presents similarly to the most common perinatal asphyxia and to differentiate the two conditions is challenging. We describe the clinical presentation of a potential new subtype of neonatal HUS triggered by hypoxic-ischemic event. Our patient was successfully treated by a single dose of Eculizumab as early as at 9 days of life.

Case Report: A 35-weeks infant was born with low hemoglobin and subsequently developed respiratory distress, hypotension, and acidosis. Blood transfusion was administered, acidosis corrected, neurological examination remained reassuring. Few hours later he developed renal failure, macroscopic hematuria, hemobilia, thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy refractory to platelet and fresh frozen plasma transfusions. No infection was found. Haptoglobin was non-measurable, and schistocytes present, complement factors C3, C4 and B were low, FBb increased. HUS was suspected. A single dose of Eculizumab™ was administered on day 9 of life. No genetic mutation of atypical HUS was found. He was discharged with improving renal function and developing cholestasis.

Conclusion: In neonates with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hematuria and renal failure, HUS should be suspected. In neonatal HUS Eculizumab should be considered as first-line therapy and discontinuation can be considered if no genetic mutation is found and clinical condition improves. In very young patients, cholestasis could appear as potential side effect of Eculizumab™.
Worry, Perceived Threat and Media Communication as Predictors of Self-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe
Authors: Vacondio Martina , Priolo Giulia , Dickert Stephan , Bonini Nicolao
Published: February 2021

Efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus emphasize the central role of citizens’ compliance with self-protective behaviors. Understanding the processes underlying the decision to self-protect is, therefore, essential for effective risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, we investigate the determinants of perceived threat and engagement in self-protective measures in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Austria during the first wave of the pandemic. The type of disease (coronavirus vs. seasonal flu) and the type of numerical information regarding the disease (number of recovered vs. number of dead) were manipulated. Participants’ cognitive and emotional risk assessment as well as self-reported engagement in protective behaviors were measured. Results show that worry was the best predictor of perceived threat in all countries. Moreover, a path analysis revealed that worry and perceived threat serially mediated the effect of type of disease on engagement in self-protective behaviors. The numerical framing manipulation did not significantly impact behavior but had a direct effect on worry and an indirect effect on perceived threat. These results are in line with theoretical accounts that identify emotions as a central determinant for risk perception. Moreover, our findings also suggest that effective risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic should not stress comparisons to other, well-known viral diseases, as this can ultimately reduce self-protective behaviors.
Exploration of Social Benefits for Tourism Performing Arts Industrialization in Culture–Tourism Integration Based on Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi
Published: February 2021

As a product of the tourism performing arts industry in culture–tourism integration development, to develop a featured culture–tourism town is a new trend for tourism development in the new era. To analyze the social benefit of the culture–tourism industry, in this study, an artificial intelligence model for social benefit evaluation is constructed based on backpropagation (BP) neural network and fuzzy comprehensive analysis, with Yiyang Town taken as an example. The criterion layer in the model includes three indexes (life benefit G1, environmental benefit G2, and economic benefit G3), and the index layer contains 11 indexes (H1–H11). The weight values of cultural inheritance and protection, ecological environment improvement, and commercial economy development to the social benefit of the town are 0.522, 0.570, and 0.424, respectively. For G1, 41.20% is excellent; for G2, 39.5% is excellent; and for G3, 40.5% is good. In general, 30.76% of the total social benefit is excellent, with 37.69% being good, 21.48% being qualified, and 10.07% being unqualified. It is inferred that the total social benefit level of Yiyang Town is good according to the constructed model. Therefore, the culture inheritance and protection, the ecological environment improvement, and the commercial economy development are the key evaluation factors of social benefit.
The Development of a Coding Scheme for Intergenerational Learning and Its Application to the Patterns of Intergenerational Collaborative Communication
Authors: Wang Ya-Ling
Published: February 2021

Much research has focused on intergenerational learning. However, its patterns and processes have rarely been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a coding scheme for intergenerational learning, and to explore the patterns of collaborative communication emerging in the context of intergenerational learning. A total of 16 individuals (seven older adults and nine University students) participated in the study. Participants were invited to design digital games with their intergenerational team members. Of all the interactions, two sets of collaborative interactions were coded and analyzed. The findings revealed that the coding scheme for intergenerational learning was developed with high inter-rater reliability for three sub-systems: power process, communication skills, and responses to bids. Additionally, although the patterns of collaborative communication showed a balance of power during the task involving the collection of game elements, younger learners dominated during the task of completing the game prototype.
Mortality of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Sweden in Relation to Previous Severe Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Ledberg Anders
Published: February 2021

Influenza viruses have caused disease outbreaks in human societies for a long time. Influenza often has rapid onset and relatively short duration, both in the individual and in the population. The case fatality rate varies for different strains of the virus, as do the effects on total mortality. Outbreaks related to coronavirus infections have recently become a global concern but much less is known about the dynamics of these outbreaks and their effects on mortality. In this work, disease outbreaks in Sweden, in the time period of 1860–2020, are characterized and compared to the currently ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. The focus is on outbreaks with a sharp increase in all-cause mortality. Outbreak onset is defined as the time point when death counts start to increase consistently for a period of at least 10 days. The duration of the outbreak is defined as the time period in which mortality rates are elevated. Excess mortality is estimated by standard methods. In total there were 15 outbreaks detected in the time period, the first 14 were likely caused by influenza virus infections, the last by SARS-CoV-2. The mortality dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is shown to be similar to outbreaks due to influenza virus, and in terms of the number of excess deaths, it is the worst outbreak in Sweden since the “Spanish flu” of 1918–1919.
RNAScope in situ Hybridization as a Novel Technique for the Assessment of c-KIT mRNA Expression in Canine Mast Cell Tumor
Authors: De Biase Davide , Prisco Francesco , Piegari Giuseppe , Ilsami Arianna , d'Aquino Ilaria , Baldassarre Valeria , Zito Marino Federica , Franco Renato , Papparella Serenella , Paciello Orlando
Published: February 2021

RNA is considered as an indicator of the dynamic genetic expression changes in a cell. RNAScope is a commercially available in situ hybridization assay for the detection of RNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. In this work, we describe the use of RNAScope as a sensitive and specific method for the evaluation of c-KIT messenger RNA (mRNA) in canine mast cell tumor. We investigated the expression of c-KIT mRNA with RNAscope in 60 canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), comparing it with the histological grade and KIT immunohistochemical expression patterns. Our results showed an overall good expression of c-KIT mRNA in neoplastic cells if compared with control probes. We also observed a statistically significant correlation between histological grade and c-KIT mRNA expression. No correlations were found between KIT protein immunohistochemical distribution pattern and c-KIT mRNA expression or histological grade. Our results provide a reference basis to better understand c-KIT mRNA expression in canine MCTs and strongly encourage further studies that may provide useful information about its potential and significant role as a prognostic and predictive biological marker for canine MCTs clinical outcome.
Why do we need a multi-level approach to the analysis of Russian foreign policy? Role theory and the Ukraine crisis?
Authors: Strycharz Damian
Published: February 2021

This article presents the main theoretical approaches to the analysis of Russian foreign policy and assesses their contributions. I argue that although Russia’s international behaviour has been broadly analysed, realism, liberalism, and constructivism leave much unexplained and do not pay enough attention to the understanding of Russia’s perceptions and interactions between domestic and foreign factors. As such, the application of multi- level frameworks is advocated and role theory is proposed as an alternative approach which unites individual and state levels through a focus on state’s top leadership. Furthermore, it is uniquely positioned to examine the interplay between foreign policy makers and the constraints imposed by domestic and international environment. In second part of the article role theory is applied to the Russian annexation of Crimea. The analysis shows that the leadership mainly saw Russia as an advocate of states’ sovereignty and defender of compatriots living abroad. The close examination of sources of these national role conceptions demonstrates that the combination of various external and internal as well as ideational and material factors influenced leaders’ perceptions of Russia’s duties and responsibilities and determined Russian foreign policy decisions during the Ukraine crisis.
The evolution of India-Central Europe relations after the Cold War
Authors: Łukaszuk Tomasz
Published: February 2021

The primary purpose of the article is to present the long term ties between India and Central Europe, and examine the transformation of their relationship after the end of the Cold War. Using J.A. Braveboy-Wagner’s liberal approach to diplomacy and foreign policy-making of developing countries as a tool of analysis, the article shows how the executive preferences of political leaders, historical narratives, and the strength of local values such as soft power, have influenced the political and economic cooperation between India and the Visegrad Group of countries that constitute the core of Central Europe – the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. This method helps to show that contrary to the widely held opinion1 that the bonds between the Indian subcontinent and Central Europe were an artificial creation of the Soviet Union, they were instead created much earlier by contacts of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Rabindranath Tagore in the first half of the 20th century. Indeed, a mutual interest and fascination between the two parties, combined with the complementary of needs of both sides after the end of WWII resulted in the development of a promising relationship in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Unfortunately, despite a lot of effort this promising partnership has failed to deliver since the end of the Cold War, and this paper is an attempt to find an explanation for this situation. The European’s focus on integrating with European institutions on one hand, and India’s new foreign policy priorities that were driven by modernization and regional, and then global power aspirations, on the other hand, weakened the intensity of this cooperation for two decades. The completing of the European Union enlargement process in 2004, and the increasing influence of China in Central Europe since 2012, has triggered a reaction by India in the form of the creation of India-Central Europe Business Forum in 2014, which until now has not yet met expectations. The article points to the potential of the Visegrad Group+ (V4+) formula of cooperation, which still possesses many untapped opportunities.
MIKHAIL SAVCHIN, Current trends in constitutionalism in the context of globalization and legal pluralism
Authors: Килюшик Иванна
Published: February 2021

The author of the book examines the problems of trends in the development of modern constitutionalism and their impact on the national constitutional tradition of Ukraine.
Third Ukrainian Republic: between presidentialism and semipresidentialism
Authors: Савчин Михаил
Published: February 2021

The experience of the functioning of power in Ukraine since proclamation of the independence proves the tendency of a decrease in the concentration of power in the hands of the head of state. This tendency manifests itself behind the principle of the pendulum, starting with a hybrid of the elements of presidentialism and the hierarchy of the system of councils (soviet’s), ending with the system of premier-presidentialism. The article reveals the sources of Ukrainian statehood, the influence of the Russian factor on the state of the Ukrainian republic as a manifestation of postcolonialism and the fluctuations in the development of the Ukrainian republic from semi-presidentialism to parliamentarism. The methodological basis of the study is organic constitutionalism, based on institutions of limiting power and ensuring human rights, as well as an interdisciplinary approach.
Axiological approach in reporting polish political issues in 1989–2005
Authors: Павлюх Мария Васильевна
Published: February 2021

The article explores the “post-communist syndrome” in the functioning of the Polish state. The analysis is carried out on the example of certain specific features of the political culture of Polish society: axiological, that is, the predominance of traditional moral values in public opinion. Axiologicality is a general area of Polish political journalism. The values and political problems in the context of morality are put first. The article analyzes the axiological aspects of the problem of coverage of the functioning of the Polish state 1989–2005 years. The analysis is carried out on the example of publications: “Tygodnik Powszechny” and “Niedziela”. Socio-political communication of Polish journalism in problem-thematic content is investigated in thematic blocks ‒ several articles of Polish publications, united in one topic. The general analysis of the articles is carried out in such thematic blocks, which express the main problems of the Polish editions: “Solidarnost’” ‒ publications on the liberation movement in Poland, the organization Solidarnost’; “Postcommunist consciousness” is a thematic block whose main focus is on the critical rethinking of the communist past; “Contemporary Polish politics” is a discussion of the modern formation of the Polish state, structure, regime, modern politics, as well as the thematic block “Ecumenical combination” ‒ articles “Niedzieli”, which promote the religious and national association of churches.
The Czech Republic in the European Defence Agency: the question of effectiveness
Authors: Kočí Kateřina
Published: February 2021

At a general level, the article focuses on the relation between states and international organizations. In current era, states and international organizations coexist in international system. Their relation has been researched many times, but the question which is still rather unanswered relates to the management of membership of states in international organizations. The states nowadays participate in hundreds of different organizations. The tricky part that remains to be examined more in details is how to analyse the effectiveness of the engagement of a country in a concrete international organization. The article investigates further the case of the Czech Republic and it analyses its performance and relevance in the European Defence Agency (EDA) applying the research design which was proposed in 20122. The team of researchers proposed four criteria: objective pursued, personal representation, cost/performance ratio and activities implemented. The analysis is based on the examination of the Czech policy goals and priorities in the EDA. It also explor es the area in more details conducting semi-structured interviews with the representatives of different Czech state bodies and employees of the Agency.