bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA COMUNIDAD ANDINA, MERCADO ESTRATEGICO PARA LOS PRODUCTOS AGROINDUSTRIALES	PERUANOS
Authors: Barrón Aráoz Ricardo Ampelio
Published: September 2017

La Comunidad Andina, integrada por los países: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela, nació con el nombre de Grupo Andino o Acuerdo de Cartagena, o Acuerdo Subregional de Integración. Su partida de nacimiento fue firmada el 26 de mayo de 1969 por representantes plenipotenciarios de cada uno de los cinco países, a fin de conseguir un desarrollo equilibrado y armónico de los países miembros. Hasta la fecha, la Comunidad ha logrado la gran parte de sus propósitos; cabe destacar, su entrada a la etapa de unión aduanera, al ponerse en vigencia desde el 1° de febrero de 1995 el arancel externo común, que significa, que en su territorio aduanero las mercaderías de origen andino circulan libremente sin aranceles ni restricciones de ningún tipo (arancel cero) y los bienes importados de terceros países son gravados con un arancel externo común. Actualmente, avanza hacia un mercado común, donde circulará libremente no sólo las mercaderías y servicios, sino también el capital y los trabajadores. Se ha iniciado el proceso de liberación de servicios mediante la adopción de políticas en el campo de transporte aéreo, transporte de pasajeros y mercancías por carretera y transporte marítimo. También se ha aprobado y puesto en vigencia u n conjunto de normas y regímenes comunes en materia de sanidad, competencia comercial, inversión extranjera y otros. Desde sus orígenes se establecieron una serie de normas relacionadas con las obligaciones de todos los países miembros de la Comunidad; principalmente, el Programa que concierne con la liberalización y el arancel externo común, la que el Perú incumplió, motivándose su separación temporal de sus derechos, mediante la Decisión Nº 321; y luego superado dicho impase, mediante la Decisión Nº 414 del 30 de julio de 1997, se aprueba su reincorporación plena cumpliendo un cronograma de desgravamen arancelario que inició el 1°de agosto de 1997 y, culminará en diciembre de 2005. De acuerdo al Artículo Nº l de la mencionada Decisión, el Programa de desgravamen está comprendido en las subpartidas llamadas NANDINA, que figuran en los Anexos de I al VII. Hasta la fecha, ya van quedando libres de gravámenes los productos comprendidos entre los Anexos I y IV; entre éstos, se encuentra la relación de productos de agroindustria, con pleno derecho de ingresar al mercado comunitario con arancel cero, sin ninguna restricción, tan igual que los productos de los demás países miembros que gozan de estos beneficios.
ENFOQUES Y OBJETIVOS HACIA UNA AUDITORÍA INTEGRADA
Authors: Egúsquiza Pereda Carlos Alfonso
Published: September 2017

El resultado de esta investigación nos permite señalar que los enfoques y objetivos hacia una auditoría integrada, debe efectuarse bajo la visión filosófica amplia y globalizada, así como teniendo en cuenta a los factores condicionantes incluyendo los riesgos de las empresas e instituciones, en sus distintas etapas de su vida económica. Es necesario que en el ámbito académico, las universidades del país incluyan en el currículo de estudios, las características y la naturaleza de la auditoría integrada. Específicamente la implantación de la enseñanza y aplicación de la auditoría integrada, que evalúa en forma integral a los negocios que operan en un contexto cambiante y global. Asimismo, se asegura la relevancia, confiabilidad y oportunidad de la información, así como las eficiencia de las operaciones, bien sea alargando la vida económica de los negocios, implementando la reorganización parcial o integral; o puedan también los usuarios del informe decidir vender la empresa, etc.
Building World-Class Universities in Developing Systems: The Success Case of the Indian Institutes of Technology
Authors:   Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, Ryu Jung Hyun
Published: September 2017

With a global shift towards knowledge-based economy,universities are required to produce knowledge and cutting-edge technologies to support their respective country’s economy. In response, many countries around the world seek to build their own world-class universities. Altbach (2010, p.1) argues that world-class universities‘demonstrate world class thinking and policy development in the sense that they employ state of the art solutions to pressing challenges of the twenty first century’.However, world-class universities are found only in a few wealthy Western countries. For instance, if one takes a quick glance at Global University Rankings (GUR), nearly every top university is situated in a high-income country. There are exceptions, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT), which are known to produce the world’s most creative engineers. The GUR of IIT steadily rose over the past few years, drawing much attention from the industry for its unprecedented success. This research aims to trace the successful path of IIT to identify its success factors which may serve as reference points for other developing systems that aim to build world-class universities of their own. The study takes the two most prominent IIT, namely IIT Delhi and IIT Bombay.It also hypothesises and investigates whether the considerable amount of international co-operation activities IIT engaged in at the establishments have played a significant role in its success. The findings of the study showed that IIT’s limited financial resources were complemented by a highly concentrated pool of talented and motivated students,as well as professors who have abundant experiences in top-tier research and technical firms aboard. Another major factor was the government’s dedication. The government focused on creating a favourable environment for the institution and also prioritised IIT in its allocation of financial resources. Meanwhile, the study was unsuccessful in illustrating the role of international cooperation as the two sets of the collected data were contradictive.
Alojamiento individual o en parejas: Su efecto sobre el consumo de alimento balanceado y el crecimiento en terneras Jersey.
Authors: Monge-Rojas Cinthya Rebeca , Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: September 2017

Este experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental Alfredo Volio Mata de la Universidad de Costa Rica con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto que tiene el alojamiento individual o en parejas sobre el consumo de alimento balanceado y los parámetros de crecimiento en terneras de la raza Jersey desde el nacimiento hasta las doce semanas de edad. Se utilizaron 20 terneras que se separaron de sus madres desde el nacimiento y se alojaron en cuadras, 10 de ellas permanecieron individualmente y las otras 10 se alojaron en parejas (5 parejas). Las terneras consumieron 4 litros de leche diarios (2 L a.m. y 2 L p.m.) y tuvieron libre acceso al alimento balanceado durante todo el período experimental. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0,05) en el consumo de alimento durante el periodo experimental. El consumo promedio de alimento para la semana uno fue 0,132 y 0,052 kg para el tratamiento uno y dos respectivamente. En la semana cuatro el consumo fue de 0,841 kg para los animales alojados individualmente y de 0,540 kg para las alojadas en parejas, en la semana ocho el consumo había aumentado gradualmente a 3,796 y 3,688 kg para el tratamiento uno y dos, y al final del experimento los animales estaban consumiendo 7,453 y 7,378 kg, respectivamente. Con referencia al peso de los animales, se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) entre los tratamientos a partir de la semana 5 y hasta el final del experimento, donde los animales alojados individualmente presentaron pesos superiores a los animales alojados en parejas. El peso promedio de los animales en la semana 12 fue 78,20 y 72,50 kg para el tratamiento uno y dos, respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos con respecto a parámetros de crecimiento como altura a la cruz, altura a la cadera o circunferencia torácica. Los resultados de este estudio indican que el alojamiento en parejas no influyó sobre el consumo de alimento; sin embargo, los animales alojados individualmente obtuvieron mayores pesos en la etapa pre destete.
Inzidenz und Letalität häufiger neonataler Erkrankungen beim Fohlen während der ersten 10 Tage post natum in einer Veterinärklinik
Authors: Graßl Martin , Ulrich Tina , Wehrend Axel
Published: September 2017

Ziel der Studie war, durch Auswertung von Patientendaten die Häufigkeit und Letalität von Fohlenerkrankungen in den ersten 10 Tagen nach der Geburt darzustellen. Material und Methode: Über einen Zeitraum von 6 Jahren wurden die Patientendaten von 393 Fohlen ausgewertet, die innerhalb der ersten 10 Tage post natum in einer Klinik vorgestellt wurden. Ermittelt wurden Art und Anzahl der Erkrankungen, das Geschlecht der betroffenen Fohlen und die Letalitätsrate. Ergebnisse: Unter den insgesamt 28 Krankheitsbildern waren Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Mekoniumobstipation und Bronchopneumonie am häufigsten diagnostiziert worden. Die Letalität für SIRS lag bei 41,8 %, für Mekoniumobstipation bei 29,7 % und für Bronchopneumonie bei 37,9 %. Der durchschnittliche Todeszeitpunkt betrug bei SIRS 4,2 ± 2,9 Tage, bei Mekoniumobstipation 4,6 ± 3,2 Tage und bei Bronchopneumonie 5,2 ± 3,5 Tage post natum. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Anhand der Datenerhebung kann die Häufigkeit und damit die Bedeutung einzelner Krankheitsbilder abgeleitet werden. Die Angaben zur Letalität helfen, Aussagen zur Prognose der häufigsten neonatalen Fohlenerkrankungen nach Erstuntersuchung zu treffen.
Cutaneous alternariosis in an immunocompromised dog successfully treated with cold plasma and cessation of immunosuppressive medication
Authors: Dengler Berrett , Klinger Christoph , Bettenay Sonya , Rickerts Volker , Mueller Ralf , Classen Janine
Published: September 2017

A cutaneous infection with Alternaria spp. was diagnosed in a 2-yearold male intact Irish setter dog, presenting with multifocal papules, plaques and ulcerations involving all four distal limbs, shoulder blades, scrotum, pinnae and nasal mucous membranes. The dog had been treated for inflammatory bowel disease and lymphangiectasia with immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine and prednisolone for approximately 3 months. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs, the demonstration of fungal elements within skin biopsies, deep fungal culture and fungal PCR from a formalin-fixed tissue specimen. Complete clinical remission was achieved by tapering and cessation of the immunosuppressive medication, treatment with cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAPP) and topical enilconazole within 8 weeks.
Heterogenität der kaninen Immunantworten gegen Borrelia burgdorferi in einem Line-Immunoassay mit rekombinantem VlsE und C6-Peptid
Authors: Müller Elisabeth , Breu Doris
Published: September 2017

Gegenstand: In einem Line-Immunoassay mit sieben Antigenen sowie rekombinantem VlsE (variable major protein like sequence, expressed) und synthetischem C6-Peptid wurde die Präsenz Borreliaburgdorferi-spezifischer Antikörper (IgG) in kaninen Seren erfasst. Ziel der Studie war, die Antikörperantworten gegen das C6-Peptid und das VlsE-Protein zu vergleichen und zu evaluieren, ob diese divergieren, da Antikörper gegen die jeweiligen Antigene als spezifisch für eine stattgefundene Infektion mit Borrelien gelten. Material und Methoden: Es wurden 1355 Blutproben von Hunden analysiert, bei denen Verdacht auf eine Infektion mit Borrelien bestand. Die Testung erfolgte mittels eines Line-Immunoassays (IgG) mit neun Antigenen. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt 64,4% der Proben wurden als negativ bewertet, 16,4% als infiziert und 17,4% zeigten ein für eine Impfung spezifisches Bandenmuster. Bei 1,2% der Hunde lag sowohl eine Impfung als auch eine Infektion vor. Die am häufigsten positiv getesteten Banden waren p100 (24,3%), p31/OspA (18,5%), C6 (16,3%) und VlsE (13,9%). Bei 236 Hunden wurden Antikörper gegen das VlsE-Protein und/oder das C6-Peptid nachgewiesen. Während 73,3% dieser Hunde übereinstimmende Ergebnisse zwischen VlsE und C6 aufwiesen, unterschieden sich bei 26,7% die Resultate. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Testung mittels Line-Immunoassay erlaubt eine qualitative Analyse der unterschiedlichen IgG-Immunantworten gegen verschiedene Antigene. Die Resultate der Immunantworten gegen die als infektionsspezifisch geltenden Antigene VlsE und C6 divergierten bei mehr als 26% der positiv getesteten Hunde unserer Population, sodass zum Ausschluss oder der Bestätigung einer Infektion mit Borrelia burgdorferi möglichst unterschiedliche infektionsspezifische Banden berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Vorkommen von Ehrlichia canis bei in Deutschland lebenden Hunden sowie Vergleich direkter und indirekter Diagnostikmethoden
Authors: Klas Eva Maria , Heusinger Anton , Müller Elisabeth , Csokai Jacqueline
Published: September 2017

Gegenstand und Ziel: Untersuchung über das Vorkommen von Ehrlichia (E.) canis bei in Deutschland lebenden Hunden sowie Evaluierung der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von indirekten und direkten Diagnostikmethoden. Material und Methode: Im ersten Teil der Studie wurden retrospektiv Ergebnisse von Proben aus der Routinediagnostik ausgewertet, bei denen auf Einsenderwunsch (als Einzeluntersuchung oder als Teil eines Laborprofils zur Abklärung von Reisekrankheiten) E.-canis-Antikörper mithilfe eines indirekten Immunfluoreszenztests (IFAT) bestimmt worden waren. Im zweiten Teil wurde bei Proben, bei denen im Rahmen eines Reisekrankheitenprofils ein IFAT zum Nachweis von E.-canis-Antikörpern erfolgte, zusätzlich eine Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) auf E.canis-DNA durchgeführt. Bei den E.-canis-positiven Hunden (Tiere, die in IFAT und/oder PCR positiv waren) und bei einem Teil der negativ getesteten Hunde wurde eine Anamnese erhoben. Ergebnisse: Im Jahr 2015 ließen sich bei 11,8% von 12220 untersuchten Proben E.-canis-Antikörper nachweisen. Von 1172 Hunden, bei denen ein Reisekrankheitenprofil bestimmt wurde, wiesen 5,6% Antikörper gegen E. canis auf (Untersuchungszeitraum Februar bis März 2016). Dabei waren unter den E.-canis-positiven Hunden (n = 67) 91% nur im IFAT positiv, 7,5% im IFAT und in der PCR und 1,5% hatten nur einen positiven PCR-Befund. Der anamnestischen Auswertung zufolge wurden vor allem klinisch gesunde Importhunde mit dem Reisekrankheitenprofil innerhalb ihres ersten Jahres in Deutschland gescreent. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Wenngleich endemische E.-canis-Infektionen in Deutschland eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen, hat der Erreger hierzulande Bedeutung, insbesondere durch den Import von Hunden. Daher ist eine Anamnese bezüglich Auslandsaufenthalt oder Import besonders wichtig, um eine Ehrlichiose frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren und adäquat behandeln zu können. Bei importierten E.-canis-seropositiven Hunden, die in dieser Studie häufig keine klinischen Symptome zeigten, war der Erregernachweis aus dem Blut mittels PCR meist negativ. Die Diagnostikmethode sollte daher abhängig von der Krankheitsphase und der zugrundeliegenden Fragestellung (Symptomatik oder Vorsorgescreening) gewählt werden.
Perspectiva do enfermeiro frente à assistência no tratamento de feridas em ambiente hospitalar.
Authors: Machado Fernanda Sabrina , Costa Arlete Eli Kunz da , Pissaia Luis Felipe , Beschorner Carmem Elisa , Moreschi Claudete
Published: September 2017

Justificativa e Objetivo: Percebe-se a importância do profissional enfermeiro sobre os cuidados de enfermagem que deve ter com pacientes portadores de feridas, para tanto, o objetivo principal é conhecer a perspectiva do enfermeiro frente aos cuidados de enfermagem no tratamento de feridas em ambiente hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com enfermeiros integrantes da Comissão de Feridas de um hospital de médio porte no Vale do Taquari - RS. Resultados: Existe um consenso sobre a importância do trabalho do enfermeiro, principalmente inserido em equipe multidisciplinar para efetividade no tratamento das feridas, sendo este, figura chave no processo de prevenção ou tratamento de lesões, bem como na construção de protocolos científicos e treinamentos, para qualificação da assistência, sem esquecer a importância dos registros, como importante ferramenta de comunicação. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há necessidade de programas de educação continuada que enfoque a discussão e avaliação de caso, bem como se observa a importância dessa comissão no tratamento dos pacientes, devido a sua estruturação multidisciplinar.
PEMBUATAN DAN ANALISIS FISIKO-KIMIA RADIOISOTOP SKANDIUM-47 (47Sc) DARI BAHAN SASARAN TITANIUM OKSIDA ALAM
Authors: Setiawan Duyeh , Mulyati Titin Sri
Published: September 2017

Radioisotop skandium-47 (47Sc) memiliki waktu paruh 3,35 hari, pemancar energi beta, Eβmax 0,441 MeV (68 %) dan 0,601 MeV (32 %), serta pemancar energi gamma, Eγ 159 keV (68 %). Radioisotop 47Sc dihasilkan oleh iradiasi neutron cepat dari target titanium berdasarkan reaksi inti 47Ti (n, p) 47Sc. Metode pemisahan 47Sc menggunakan cara kromatografi kolom dengan matriks Dowex AG 50W-x4 dalam bentuk kation (H+), selanjutnya 47Sc dielusi dengan HCl 4 M. Radioisotop 47Sc digunakan dalam bidang kedokteran nuklir untuk radioterapi dengan metode pencitraan. Karakteristik fisiko-kimia suatu sediaan radioisotop mempunyai peranan penting dalam penyebaran dan penimbunan di dalam tubuh. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjamin keberhasilan penggunaan sediaan radioisotop 47Sc perlu dilakukan analisis fisiko-kimia yang meliputi kejernihan, pH, kemurnian radionuklida dan radiokimia serta stabilitasnya pada penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa radio-isotop 47Sc berupa larutan jernih dengan rumus kimia 47Sccl3, memiliki pH 2, konsentrasi radioaktivitas 1,086 ± 0,0314 mCi/mL, aktivitas jenis 2,60 mCi/mg Ti (End of Irradiation = EOI), kemurnian radionuklida lebih dari 98,5 %, kemurnian radiokimia 95,22 ± 0,83 % dan masih stabil selama 5 hari disimpan di temperatur kamar. Radioisotop 47Sc yang diperoleh memiliki karakteristik fisiko-kimia untuk digunakan dalam pengembangan radiofarmaka sebagai sediaan radioterapi. PREPARATION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RADIOISOTOPE SCANDIUM-47 (47Sc) FROM NATURAL TITANIUM OXIDE MATERIAL TARGET. Radioisotopes scandium-47 (47Sc) has a half-life of 3.35 day, the energy beta transmitter Eβmax of 0.441 MeV (68 %) and 0.601 MeV (32 %), as well as gamma energy transmitter, Eγ 159 keV (68 %). Radioisotope 47Sc is produced by fast neutron irradiation of the titanium targets based on nuclear reaction 47Ti (n,p) 47Sc. Separation methods of 47Sc was done using chromatography column with a matrix of Dowex AG 50W-x4 in a cation (H+) form, and 47Sc was eluted with 4 M HCl. Radioisotope 47Sc is used in nuclear medicine for radiotherapy with imaging methods. The physico-chemical characteristics of a radioisotope has an important role in the biodistribution and bioaccumulation in the body. Therefore, in order to assure the success of usage of radioisotope 47Sc, of physico-chemical characteristic is need to be analyzed which includes clarity of solution, pH, purity of radionuclide and radiochemical, stability in the storage. The results showed that the radioisotope 47Sc was a clear solution with a chemical formula of 47ScCl3, has pH of 2 with the concentration of radioactivity 1,086 ± 0,0314 mCi/mL, specific activity of 2.60 mCi/mg Ti (End of Irradiation = EOI), the radionuclide purity more than 98.50 %, radiochemical purity 95,22 ± 0,83 % and  stable after 5 days storage in room temperature. Radioisotope 47Sc that was produced has the ideal physico-chemical characteristics and can be used for the radiopharmaceutical development especially for radiotherapy.
Introducing Location and Dislocation: Global Geographies of Digital Data
Authors: Johnson Alix , Hogan Mél
Published: September 2017

---
Technologies of Imagination: Locating the Cloud in Sweden’s North
Authors: Vonderau Asta
Published: September 2017

Abstract | When in 2011 a world-leading IT company expressed the intention to locate its infrastructure in the Swedish city of Luleå, this announcement immediately triggered future scenarios and visions of a new industrial era, economic prosperity, and changing urban life. Such anticipation was supported and shaped by municipal planning and business-management activities that soon materialized in the form of building sites, regional development strategies, and new markets. Since the actual name and operations of the IT company were kept entirely secret, the planning and implementation of “Project Gold”—as the data centre project was called locally—was as much driven by collective imaginaries as by hard facts or past experiences. This article is based on an ethnographic study that followed the implementation of Facebook’s first European data centre in Luleå. The paper analyzes different modes of data centre infrastructural (in)visibility and shows how imaginaries became influential both for implementing the cloud in Luleå and for shaping the anticipated time and space of “post-extractive modernity.” More specifically, the paper focuses on socio-technical preconditions as well as concrete practices and styles—technologies of imagination—enabling those imaginaries.
Uncertain Architectures—Performing Shelter and Exposure
Authors: Veel Kristin
Published: September 2017

Abstract | Originally housed in generic industrial buildings, data centres have become sites of architectural feats and playgrounds for starchitects in recent years. These buildings testify to a changed role of how we think of these repositories for data and their position in our society. Through a reading of the Bahnhof data centre Pionen in Stockholm from 2008 and the design schematic for a Data Tower in Iceland, this article examines how the data centre as an architectural and infrastructural edifice facilitates data storage and access, focusing on how security is articulated in the architectural vocabulary through negotiations of visibility. By intermingling images of these sites with textual vignette-like reflections, this article uses the architecture of the data centre to address how the design of dynamic data archives embodies cultural imaginaries of uncertainty through the tropes of shelter and exposure.Résumé | Initialement hébergés dans des bâtiments industriels génériques, les centres de données sont devenus récemment des merveilles d’architecture et des terrains de jeux pour les « starchitects ». Ces bâtiments témoignent d’un changement de rôle dans la façon dont nous pensons à ces entrepôts de données et à leur position dans notre société. Grâce à une lecture du centre de données Bahnhof Pionen à Stockholm à partir de 2008 et au schéma de conception d’une tour de données en Islande, cet article examine comment le centre de données, en tant qu’édifice architectural et infrastructure, facilite le stockage et l’accès aux données, en mettant l’accent sur la façon dont la sécurité est articulée dans le vocabulaire architectural à travers les négociations de visibilité. En entremêlant les images de ces sites avec des réflexions textuelles semblables à des vignettes, cet article utilise l’architecture du centre de données pour aborder comment l’élaboration de centre de données dynamiques incarne des imaginaires culturels d’incertitude à travers les tropes d’abris et d’exposition.
Drones Caught in the Net
Authors: Fish Adam , Garrett Bradley , Case Oliver
Published: September 2017

Abstract | This short experimental essay reflects upon our video Points of Presence. In producing the video we used unmanned aerial drones to visually and vertically examine undersea fibre-optic cables of the North Atlantic. We reflect upon how the drone’s flying technologies allow pilots to creatively engage with the atmospheric element. We argue that the drone’s optical and object-avoidance technologies share similarities with the mammalian senses. In concluding, we examine how drones and information infrastructures reflect each other as complex and imperfect systems designed to extend the human body and senses across geographies.Résumé | Ce court essai expérimental se penche sur notre vidéo Points of Presence. En produisant la vidéo, nous avons utilisé des véhicules aériens sans pilote pour examiner visuellement et verticalement les câbles de fibres optiques sous-marins de l’Atlantique Nord. Nous réfléchissons à la façon dont les technologies de navigation du drone permettent aux pilotes d’interagir de manière créative avec l’aspect atmosphérique. Nous soutenons que les technologies optiques et d’évitement des objets du drone partagent des similitudes avec les sens des mammifères. En conclusion, nous examinons comment les drones et les infrastructures d’information se reflètent comme des systèmes complexes et imparfaits conçus pour prolonger le corps humain et les sens à l’échelle de la planète.
Ten Years of Vildagliptin
Authors: Prato Stefano Del ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Published: September 2017

After many years of limited therapeutic opportunities, the treatment of type 2 diabetes has become more target and pathophysiologically driven. A typical example is represented by the development of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, allowing for more physiological regulation of the endocrine pancreas and leading to a previously unmet risk-to-benefit balance. Vildagliptin, one of the earliest DPP-4 inhibitors, has been tested across the entire spectrum of type 2 diabetes and has been in clinical use for 20 years. This publication critically reviews the main steps in the clinical development of this agent.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Development and Post-authorisation Programme for Vildagliptin – Clinical Evidence for Optimised Management of Chronic Diseases Beyond Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Strain William David ,   Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility and Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK, Paldánius Päivi M ,   Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
Published: September 2017

The last decade has witnessed the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in producing a conceptual change in early management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by shifting emphasis from a gluco-centric approach to holistically treating underlying pathophysiological processes. DPP-4 inhibitors highlighted the importance of acknowledging hypoglycaemia and weight gain as barriers to optimised care in T2DM. These complications were an integral part of diabetes management before the introduction of DPP-4 inhibitors. During the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, regulatory requirements for introducing new agents underwent substantial changes, with increased emphasis on safety. This led to the systematic collection of adjudicated cardiovascular (CV) safety data, and, where 95% confidence of a lack of harm could not be demonstrated, the standardised CV safety studies. Furthermore, the growing awareness of the worldwide extent of T2DM demanded a more diverse approach to recruitment and participation in clinical trials. Finally, the global financial crisis placed a new awareness on the health economics of diabetes, which rapidly became the most expensive disease in the world. This review encompasses unique developments in the global landscape, and the role DPP-4 inhibitors, specifically vildagliptin, have played in research advancement and optimisation of diabetes care in a diverse population with T2DM worldwide.
Clinical Safety and Tolerability of Vildagliptin – Insights from Randomised Trials, Observational Studies and Post-marketing Surveillance
Authors: Mathieu Chantal ,   Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Kozlovski Plamen ,   Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, Paldánius Päivi M ,   Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, Foley James E ,   Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, US, Modgill Vikas ,   Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, Evans Marc ,   Diabetes Resource Centre, Llandough Hospital, Cardiff, UK, Serban Carmen ,   Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
Published: September 2017

Vildagliptin is one of the most extensively studied dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in terms of its clinical utility. Over the last decade, a vast panorama of evidence on the benefit–risk profile of vildagliptin has been generated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this article, we review the cumulative evidence on the safety of vildagliptin from the clinical development programme, as well as reports of rare adverse drug reactions detected during the post-marketing surveillance of the drug. Across clinical studies, the overall safety and tolerability profile of vildagliptin was similar to placebo, and it was supported by real-world data in a broad population of patients with T2DM, making DPP-4 inhibitors, like vildagliptin, a safe option for managing patients with T2DM.
Type 2 Diabetes Decompensation as the Clinical Presentation of Thyroid Storm – Cause or Consequence?
Authors: Monteiro Ana Margarida ,   Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal, Matta-Coelho Cláudia ,   Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal, Fernandes Vera ,   Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal, Marques Olinda ,   Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
Published: September 2017

This case study aims to discuss the unusual forms of hyperthyroidism presentation, the nonspecific symptoms and precipitating events. A 70-year-old male was taken to the emergency department for hyperglycaemia, nausea, vomiting and altered mental status with a week of evolution. He had a past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. He had no history of any recent intercurrent illness or infection. At the emergency room, besides hyperglycaemia, ketonemia and slightly elevated C-reactive protein, the basic laboratory panel workup was normal, as was the head computed tomography. He was admitted for metabolic compensation and to study the altered neurological status. During hospitalisation, despite the good glycemic control, he had no improvements in neurological status. At day four of hospitalisation, thyrotoxicosis with thyroid storm criteria was diagnosed. He started on adequate treatment with complete clinical recovery. The associated morbidity and mortality of thyroid storm requires immediate recognition and treatment. Elderly patients are frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed later due to fewer and less pronounced signs and symptoms.
La Salvaje Esperanza Nadaista, Y Su Aplicación Al Resguardo Indígena En Colombia
Authors: Andrade Otaiza José Vicente
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo presenta la influencia en el arte -poesía nadaísta-, la estructuración de instituciones indígenas durante la conquista y colonización española sobre los territorios colombianos en que hoy se asientan las culturas indígenas, y así como la “desesperanza” generada por su inclusión en la vida “moderna”, a través de su aculturación mediante la inserción de instituciones europeas de estirpe medieval. Dicho fenómeno generó en el inconsciente colectivo autóctono importante grado de desesperanza que se patentiza en una protesta social vanguardista que buscó romper esquemas culturales socialmente establecidos, que desembocó en reconocimiento constitucional de territorios y culturas autóctonas como la Páez.
The Underlying Methodology in Designing a Constructivist Textbook of English for Tertiary Students Majoring in Tourism: The Results of the Textbook Elaboration Project
Authors: Tarnopolsky Oleg
Published: September 2017

This paper analyzes a project devoted to elaborating a new textbook of English for students majoring in “Tourism.” The textbook is designed on the basis of the constructivist approach, i.e. such an organization of the teaching/learning process that ensures students’ involuntary language acquisition through participation in target language communication which is implemented when performing learning tasks modeling the professional activities of the future university graduates. Those tasks are completed in the form of experiential learning activities that provide for modeling the students’ future professional activities and professional target language communication, giving them opportunities of acquiring the language involuntarily through practical experience of participating in such communication. Examples of experiential learning activities are given – those that are used in every unit of the textbook as organized in the separate parts (called “Steps”) of every such unit.
On linear and nonlinear trajectory tracking control for nonholonomic integrator
Authors: Rafikova E. , Kurka P. R. G. , Rafikov M. , Gafurov S. A.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents two different kinds of trajectory tracking control strategies for the nonholonomic integrator known in literature as Brockett system. The first strategy presents a time-varying linear feedback control law and the second strategy is based on State Dependent Ricatti Equation (SDRE) method. Numerical simulation results indicated that both methods can be successfully used for control of the nonholomic integrator.Keywords: Brockett integrator, Hamilton – Jacobi – Bellman equation, SDRE method.
Modeling of electro-hydraulic controlled propulsion system
Authors: Bachurin A. B. , Strelnikov E. V. , Tselischev V. A.
Published: September 2017

Modern rocket propulsion system is a dynamic system with a set of inter- connected links Modern controlled propulsion system, ensuring in the pro- cess of its operation on the aircraft receiving the given basic characteristics. Main propulsion controlled variable serving as controlled object is second mass flow of gases through the nozzle. Regulating influence area is man- aged throttle hydraulic adjusting the surface area of solid fuel combustion by draining the channel charge. Currently achieved level of development of computer technology allows to simulate the behavior of the object and its management systems. This helps improve the design quality and reduce de- bugging time hydroelectric generators.
Comprehensive solution of machine dynamics and vibroacoustics problems
Authors: Shekhmatov E. V.
Published: September 2017

The following items are presented in the work:

Developed with the author's direct participation methods and techniques of comprehensive solution of machine dynamics and vibroacoustics problems. Extensive information on vibration suppression processes in pneumatic- hydraulic systems, suppression of vibrations and noise in systems of aerospace products and ground process units.

Samples of successfully solved tasks on protection of the products against pressure oscillation, vibrations and noise.
Research communication of hydraulic and vibroacoustic characteristics of hydrodevices traffic control systems
Authors: Berestovitsky E. G. , Gladilin Y. A. , Pyalov N. V. , Fwdorov A. E.
Published: September 2017

The influence of fluid flow and pressure drop in the level of vibrations in continuous operation windows opening electrohydraulic amplifier (EHP). It is shown that the vibration level is determined by the speed of its flow in the windows of the EHP. At speeds greater than the critical value, its impact on the level of vibrations is negligible. Changes in the level of vibration signifi- cantly to the differential pressure of 2,94 MPa, with a further increase in its level of vibration is changed slightly. It is also shown that a high air content in the liquid leads to the formation of transonic flow of the working fluid with increased vibroaktivnosti hydraulic devices.
Vibrations of soil and foundation due to railway, blast and impact loading
Authors: Auersch Lutz
Published: September 2017

The vibrations of soil and foundations are demonstrated for different types of loading. Train-induced ground vibrations are studied in a measurement cam­paign where a test train has run with regularly varied speeds. The measured train-induced soil vibration at 2 to 100 m distance from the track is compared with the wave propagation due to hammer excitation and with the theoretical wave field. The strong influence of the soil and the train speed on the amplitudes and frequencies of the vibration has been analysed for passages of the locomotive and the carriages. - The generation of ground vibration by strong explosions has been studied on a large testing area with sandy soil. The propagating waves were measured in a regular grid of measuring points in 10 to 1000 m. Therefore, the dominance of certain waves at certain distances and the changes of compressio­nal waves and Rayleigh waves could clearly be observed. The results are compa­red with impulse hammer measurements in the range of 5 to 50 m. - A drop test facility has been built on the testing area of the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Heavy masses (containers) of up to 200 t can be dropped from 10 m height on a big reinforced concrete foundation. The founda­tion was instrumented by accelerometers, strain gauges and pressure cells to give information about the loading condition and by geophones to measure the vibra­tion of the surrounding soil and building. Both excitation processes, the release of the mass and the impact, produce high vibration amplitudes. On a smaller drop foundation, the influence of the drop height and the target stiffness has been studied more systematically.
STUDY OF THIRD-ORDER SYSTEM STABILITY IN THE SPACE OF CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Prokofev A. B. , Safonov S. V.
Published: September 2017

The problem of building the stability space for third-order control system is solved. The 3D stability space has coefficients of characteristic equation as coordinates. Analytical conditions of system stability are defined. Different variants of crossing of stability border surface by coefficients of characteristic equation are considered. The analysis of changes in location of roots of system characteristic equation and in types of step responses under these variants is fulfilled.
Commitment or Compliance? Institutional Logics of Work Environment Management
Authors: Madsen Christian Uhrenholdt , Hasle Peter
Published: September 2017

Scholars of the work environment have pointed out how management ideas and practices inspired by a human resource approach are influencing the work environment efforts in Nordic organiza tions. In this paper, we use the ‘institutional logics’ perspective to propose heuristic ideal types of two institutional logics of work environment management:The logic of compliance as the ideal type of the ‘traditional’ approach to work environment management and the logic of commitment as the human resource informed approach. Through a side-by-side comparison of key characteristics, we analyze the two ideal types as instantiations of institutional orders on the societal level with the compliance logic being rooted in the orders of the state and the corporation, and the commitment logic as based on the orders of the corporation.The paper ends with a discussion on the how the two logics can influence concrete work environment practices and approaches to management in organizations.
The role of the university in terms of realisation of freedom of teaching and freedom of scientific research – polish case
Authors: Syryt Aleksandra
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The terms "university", "teaching" and "research" are closely related. The reason for the establishment of a community of learners and students were, on the one hand, the formation of man, and on the other the search for the truth about man, life, society and the world. In the face of technological development and access to information, including the development of legislation that allows the individual, without going through formal institutions, data acquisition, the question arises whether the university is needed, and if so, what is its role in realizing the right to education and freedom of scientific research. Implementation of freedom of scientific research and freedom of teaching in times of universal information access and modern technology can do without the university. However, this is university that can benefit from innovative research methods and teaching remains the most important forum for the exchange of ideas and the search for truth and knowledge transfer, vocational skills and social attitudes.Keywords: Right to education. Freedom of scientific research. Constitution. Cultural rights. Freedom of teaching. Resumo: Os termos "universidade", "ensino" e "pesquisa" estão intimamente relacionados. A razão para o estabelecimento de uma comunidade de alunos e estudantes foram, por um lado, a formação do homem, e por outro a busca da verdade sobre o homem, a vida, a sociedade e o mundo. Em face de desenvolvimento tecnológico e do acesso à informação, incluindo o desenvolvimento de uma legislação que permite que o indivíduo, sem passar por instituições formais, tenha acesso a dados e a informações, gera a questão de saber se a universidade é necessária, e em caso afirmativo, qual é o seu papel na realização dos direitos à educação e à liberdade de pesquisa científica. A implementação da liberdade de investigação científica e liberdade de ensino em tempos de acesso à informação universal e tecnologia avançada pode se realizar sem a universidade. No entanto, a universidade pode se beneficiar de métodos inovadores de pesquisa e de ensino e continuar a ser o mais importante fórum para a troca de ideias ea busca da verdade e da transferência de conhecimentos, competências profissionais e as atitudes sociais.Palavras-chave: Direito à Educação. Liberdade de Pesquisa Científica. Constituição. Direitos Culturais. Liberdade de Ensino.
Folha de rosto
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: September 2017

Folha de rosto
Hepatic lipidosis in transition buffaloes in relation to back fat thickness, hemato-biochemical and mineral profile
Authors: Singh Randhir , Randhawa Sarnarinder Singh , Randhawa Charanjit Singh
Published: September 2017

The study invoved 140 buffaloes, 125 (87.41%) with ultrasonography (USG) features of normal liver and 18 (12.58%) with features of hepatic lipidosis (HL). Among the later 7 had grade I, 6 grade II and 5 grade III USG features of HL. The grouping of animals according to transition stage and evaluation of body condition score (BCS) showed that buffaloes with moderate to severe HL lost BCS from Far off dry (FOD) to fresh stage by more than one (1.0) increment whereas, healthy buffaloes lost BCS from FOD to fresh stage by less than 0.5 increment. Significantly low levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count was observed in buffaloes with severe HL. Significantly low levels of total plasma protein, glucose, calcium, potassium, copper and zinc along with increased levels of plasma urea nitrogen, beta hydroxyl butyric acid, non esterified fatty acid, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and Glutamic dehydrogenase were observed in buffaloes with HL. A strong positive association exists between the severity of BCS and back fat thickness (BFT) reduction and occurrence of HL in transition buffaloes.
Ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon of normal Adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India.
Authors: Farooq Uiase Bin , Kumar Adarsh , Chaudhary Rajni
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks for locating and generating sonographic calliper measurements along with dynamic parameters of caecum and colon in 50 native adult healthy unsedated Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of either sex. The wall thickness, contractility, character and echo-architecture of caecum and colon were recorded. Caecum was found from 15th to 17th inter costal space (ICS). Right dorsal colon (RDC), right ventral colon (RVC), left ventral colon (LVC) and left dorsal colon (LDC) were found from 6th to 14th, 9th to 17th, 9th to 14th and 6th to 15th ICS, respectively. Descending colon was found in the left paralumbar fossa upto tuber-coxae in both horses as well as mules. The corresponding values of horses and mules for wall thickness (in mm) was 2.1±0.05 and 1.4±0.05 for the caecum, 2.16±0.05 and 1.32±0.02 for the right dorsal colon, 2.1±0.03 and 1.32 ±0.02 for the right ventral colon, 2.12±0.03 and 1.32±0.02 for the left dorsal colon, 2.1±0.03 and 1.32±0.02 for the right dorsal colon and 2.04±0.02 for the descending colon. Prominent sacculations were observed on ventral colon and absent on dorsal colon. Detailed ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon generated baseline data, which will be useful for management of the affections of caecum and colon.
Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and disposition in biological fluids of minocycline in goats
Authors: Jayachandran C. , Nirala R. K. , Mandal K. G. , Singh M. K.
Published: September 2017

Effect of fever on distribution, kinetic parameters and dosage regimen of minocycline in goats was studied. Concentrations of minocycline (5 mg.kg-1, i.v.) in plasma, milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) were estimated in six afebrile and febrile goats by microbiological assay. Fever was induced by i.m. injection of lipopolysccharide of Eschreichia coli @ 0.20 mg.kg-1 i.m. which induced an in temperature of 1. 5 – 2.00F after 1 h of injection which was maintained for 8 h. Three injections of endotoxin were given during the period of study. Minocycline attained its mean peak concentration in milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) earlier in febrile goats (0.75 h) than in afebrile goats (1 h). Kinetic parameters like absorption rate constant (a), elimination rate constant (b), elimination rate constant from central to peripheral compartment (K12), elimination rate constant from peripheral to central constant (K21) and elimination rate constant from central compartment (Kel) were higher in febrile goats as compared to afebrile goats. Dosage regimen in goat, particularly in febrile condition was calculated so that it may be a guideline for physicians to treat the animals. Loading dose and maintenance doses were dependent on â and hence, for maintaining mean therapeutic level of 0.5ìg/ml in plasma, a loading dose (D*) of 6.9 mg/kg and maintenance dose (D0) of 4.7 mg/kg at dosage interval (g) of 12 h may be used in afebrile goats whereas higher doses of D* of 7.8 mg/kg followed by D0 of 6.1 mg/kg at g of 12 h may be administered in febrile goats.
Histological verification of seminiferous tubule structure injury a cause of asthenozoospermia in chicken
Authors: Xu L. , Bi Y. , Zhang K. , Xu S. , Yuan Q. , Xue Y. , Lu W. , Ren L. , Qiu L. , Zhang Y. , Xu Q. , Chang G. , Chen G.
Published: September 2017

Asthenozoospermia puzzled poultry industry and little known about its characteristics. To explore the histological etiology of asthenozoospermia, we measured the sperm quality index (SQI) and Piwil1 expression in the testes of three types of asthenozoospermia roosters: field, artificial and normal. The SQI of field and artificial roosters was inferior to normal roosters. Further, busulfan could reduce sperm quality. Histological examination showed that the spermatids and spermatocyte of the seminiferous tubule was stripped layer-by-layer in field and artificial roosters. The absolute expression of Piwi11 in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups, and decreased with time. Piwi11 transcript expression rapidly decreased after 7 days post-injection (dpi); the lowest level was 13 dpi and did not change thereafter. Overall, our results indicate that busulfan causes structural damage to the seminiferous tubules, which can lead to asthenozoospermia, and that Piwil1 gene is a marker gene of asthenozoospermia.