bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation HPLC-DAD Method for Quantification of Gallic and Ellagic Acid from Eugenia punicifolia Leaves, Extracts and Fractions
Authors: Silva Liliane , de Oliveira Matheus , Martins Christiane , Borges Leonardo , Fiuza Tatiana , da Conceição Edemilson , de Paula José
Published: September 2022

Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC, known as “pedra ume-caá” or “pitanguinha do cerrado”, is popularly used to treat infectious diseases like inflammation, and diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an analytical method by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the seasonal quantification of gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA), and to co-validate the method for quantification from the ethanol extract and fractions of the E. punicifolia leaves. Chromatographic separations were performed with a mobile phase gradient of acetonitrile/methanol/water acidified with 0.2% formic acid, a flow of 0.8 mL min‑1, detection at 254 nm, and a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Method validation parameters were determined following Brazilian legislation. The HPLC-DAD analytical method developed for the quantification of GA and EA was validated and demonstrated to be selective, linear, precise, accurate, robust, and without matrix effect. Accordingly, it is helpful for the analysis of these tannins in crude ethanol extracts and fractions from E. punicifoila leaves. Thus, our results may be of great help for quality control assessment and standardization of raw materials containing Eugenia punicifolia.
Emerging Water Pollutants, their Toxicities, and Global Legislations
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Ahmed Khan Fahad Saleem , Mujawar Mubarak Nabisab , Hua Tan Yie , Rao Karri Rama , Khalid Mohammad , Walvekar Rashmi , Abdullah Ezzat Chan , Ali Mazari Shaukat , Nizamuddin Sabzoi
Published: September 2022

Emerging pollutants (EPs) in the environment have become a significant
source of pollution and cause of serious concern for the ecosystem and human health.
Although during the recent decades, extensive research has been performed worldwide
for the detection and analysis of EPs, continuous refinement, and development of
specific analytical techniques; a great number of undetected EPs still need to be
investigated in different components of the ecosystem and biological tissues.
Therefore, this chapter provides extensive reviews of several emerging pollutants
reported around the globe along with their physiochemical properties and potential
ecological impacts. Moreover, formulated legislations and policy regulations for the
monitoring of EPs are also discussed in this chapter.
Emerging Water Pollutants from Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
Authors: Barua Pranta , Babu Pranta Joydeb , Hossain Nazia
Published: September 2022

: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs) are chemically modified
products mostly used for beauty, cleaning, or health, such as disinfectants, fragrances,
insect repellents, ultraviolet (UV) filters, and others. Due to the contamination caused
by these chemically amended PCPs, water pollution has appeared as a hazardous
condition for the water treatment and supply sector. A recent concern is that when these
chemical compounds combine with water, they act as water pollutants and harm
aquatic lives and the survival of human lives. Nowadays, the concern of water pollution
by these chemicals is confined to water treatment complexities this contamination is
leaving adverse effects on the environment. Most of these water pollutants borne by
sewage effluents through wastewater plants develop because of the insufficient
removal from treatment plants. Therefore, the emerging water pollutants caused by
PCPs are responsible for environmental pollution. Hence, this chapter emphasized the
state-of-the-art global application of PCPs, the mechanism of water pollution by PCPs,
possible biohazards, and negative impacts on the environment. Besides that, various
types of PCPs, along with the most applied chemical compounds in PCPs, have been
discussed in this chapter. To minimize the contamination, suitable removal methods to
enhance the removal efficacy have been discussed. The chapter also presents a future
perspective for reducing the PCP contamination of surface water with cutting-edge
technologies and wastewater treatment.
Risk Assessment of Emerging Water Pollutants
Authors: Zahra Zahra , Habib Zunaira , Moon Brian
Published: September 2022

A complex mixture of pollutants in wastewater runs down from different
sources into the aquatic environment, with potential hazards to aquatic organisms,
human health, and the environment. Among these water pollutants, F−
, NO3
−
, and heavy
metals (Cd, Pb Hg, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, etc.) are considered conventional pollutants,
whereas nanomaterials, pharmaceutical compounds, personal care products, pesticides,
endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), artificial sweeteners, surfactants, etc. are
known as emerging water pollutants. This cocktail of water pollutants in the aquatic
ecosystem is a real danger, leading to detrimental effects. This chapter discussed the
environmental risk assessment (ERA) of the emerging water pollutants, especially the
nanomaterials. The ERA of emerging pollutants will help indicate potential risks
associated with these substances, highlighting the importance of their hazard
identification, dose-response and exposure assessment, and risk characterization. This
information will give insights into the recent findings related to the pollutants’ effects
and their assessment approach. 
Fate of Emerging Water Pollutants
Authors: Ashar Ayub Muhammad , Zia ur Rehman Muhammad , Umar Wajid , Ali Mujahid , Ahmad Zahoor
Published: September 2022

Emerging pollutants reflect a major global water quality problem. When
these compounds enter the environment, they cause significant environmental threats to
aquatic and human health. Emerging water pollutants (EWPs) include new materials
with no regulatory status butthey can adversely affect the environment and human
health. Emerging water contaminants can be biological or synthetic that remain
unregulated, and pose a potential threat. Major classes of such pollutants are
pharmaceuticals, agro-chemicals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), industrial
wastes, livestock wastes, synthetic nanomaterials, and petroleum products. These
pollutants can enter the environment through numerous sources and pose severe threats
to soil organisms, agriculture, aquatic life, and humans. Pharmaceutical waste,
industrial effluents, cosmetic and cleansing products, household sanitation, discharge,
and synthetic NPs enter water channels, agro-ecosystem, underground water (via
seepage), etc., posing a serious threat. These EWPs have different unknown and known
effects on animals, plants, and human health, which must be viewed positively. This
chapter summarizes the sources and classification of EWPs, their entry into the
environment, and their fate. A major focus will be on the end sink of pollutants with
potential threats and risk evaluation for plants and human health.
Lifecycle Assessment of Emerging Water Pollutants
Authors: Waqar-Un Nisa , Riaz Luqman , Rukya Saleem Aansa , Saleem Rukya , Qadeer Samia , Hayat Malik Tahir , Bangash Nazneen , Ara Talat , Rashid Audil
Published: September 2022

Emerging pollutants (EPs), also known as contaminants of emerging
concern, include pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), surfactants,
plasticizers, pesticides, etc., and the pharmaceuticals and personal care products are
extensively used for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes in health care settings,
livestock industry, and agriculture. Consumption and production of PPCPs have
generated significant quantities of toxic waste in affluent entering the water streams,
which poses a risk to aquatic life, public health, and the ecosystem. Given the potential
toxicity impacts, continuous exposure to PPCPs is of critical concern. However, the
concentrations of PPCPs in the environment are low. Efforts are being made to
synergize efficient and cost-effective PPCPs removal technologies to remediate these
pollutants from the environment. Still, the success rate is low because of their low
concentration (ppb or ppt) and complex chemical structure. Common wastewater
treatment technologies are not found efficient enough to attain their complete
elimination from the aquatic matrix. Concurrently, ecological problems associated with
water quality and aquatic life are aggravated in the prone areas, particularly in the
developing world, owing to inadequate monitoring, data management, and treatment
facilities. The lifecycle assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for efficient monitoring,
quantification, and damage incurred by various stages from production to possible
disposal. This chapter summarizes the LCA process of PPCPs, including the release
and accumulation, to examine the impacts and associated risks to water quality, the
aquatic environment, and ultimately human beings. Furthermore, the deep insight of LCA will help to understand the kinetics of pollutants in environment exchange pools
and help fill the existing knowledge gaps that would be a certain better step for
management and remediation.
Role of Ensemble Conformational Sampling Using Molecular Docking & Dynamics in Drug Discovery
Authors: Dhaval Patel , Rajkishan Thakor , Athar Mohd , Jha Prakash
Published: September 2022

Protein
interactions with various other macromolecules is a key biological phenomenon
for the molecular recognition process leading to various physiological functions.
Throughout decades, researchers have proposed various methods for the investigation
of such binding mechanism, starting from static, rigid docking to flexible docking
approaches. Rational drug designing approaches were improvised by introducing
semi- to full-flexibility in the protein-ligand molecular recognition process, conformational
dynamics, and binding kinetics and thermodynamics of conserved waters in the
binding site. A better understanding of ligand-binding is quintessential to gain
more quantitative and accurate information about molecular recognition for drug
and therapeutic interventions. To address these issues, Ensemble docking
approaches were introduced, which include protein flexibility through a
different set of protein conformations either experimentally or with
computational simulations i.e., molecular dynamics simulations. MD simulations
enable ensemble construction which generates an array of binding site
conformations for multiple docking trials of the same protein, though sometimes
poorly sampled. To overcome the same, enhanced sampling was introduced. In this
chapter, the theoretical background of molecular docking, classical MD simulations,
MD-based enhanced sampling methods and hybrid docking-MD based methods are
highlighted, demonstrating how protein flexibility has been introduced to
optimize and enhance accurate protein-ligand binding predictions. Overall, the
evolution of various computational strategies is discussed, from molecular docking
to molecular dynamics simulations, to improve the overall drug discovery and development
process.
Molecular Dynamics Applied to Discover Antiviral Agents
Authors: Nascimento Igor José dos Santos , Mendonça de Aquino Thiago , Ferreira da Silva-Júnior Edeildo
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the
world has faced several outbreaks caused by viral diseases, resulting in deaths
and comorbidities, harming the health of the population. Due to the “constant”
discovery of new antivirals, vaccines, hygiene habits, and basic sanitation,
society had the false impression of being free from these diseases. However, since
the 1980s, various outbreaks have occurred, such as HIV (Human immunodeficiency
virus) and recently, ZIKV (Zika virus), CHIKV (Chikungunya virus), and EBOV
(Ebola virus) have increased the concern about such pathogens, resulting in
advances in drug discovery. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak responsible
for 27,417,497 cases, and 894,241 deaths (to date, September 9th, 2020), showed
how scientists should advance to end this disease so damaging to the global health
and economy. In this context, researches focused on drug development have been
improved in recent years. Thus, it is essential to use computational approaches
to accelerate drug discovery in laboratories. Based on this, structure-based
drug design (SBDD) techniques constitute the most used computer-aided
approaches for discovering and developing new drugs. Among these techniques,
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been essential steps and their use in
virtual screening studies is considered indispensable. The MD considers the
macromolecule flexibility using Newtonian principles applied to proteins,
enzymes, membranes, nucleic acids, and other systems. Thus, it is possible to
analyze protein-ligand interactions, and also the affinity energy that a
determined ligand exhibits towards its target. Such information is indispensable
for designing and optimizing new active agents. This chapter will be addressed
to concepts and applications of MD simulations, as well as their applications in
the discovery of drugs against Coronaviruses (SARS-, MERS-CoV, and SARSCoV-2);
Influenza (INFV); Chikungunya (CHIKV); Zika (ZIKV); Dengue (DENV); Ebola
(EBOV); and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), constituting a great source of
helpful information that could be utilized for designing new compounds against these
diseases.
Advances in Computational Network Pharmacology for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research
Authors: Huang Yu-Xi , Yue Shi-Jun , Wang Wen-Xiao , Tang Yu-Ping
Published: September 2022

Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a complementary and alternative medicine but
possesses remarkable clinical efficacy in China and surrounding countries.
Hence, systematic analysis and elucidation of the complex chemical basis and
action mechanisms of TCM will be highly beneficial. Nowadays, the widespread application
of network pharmacology has unveiled the mystery of TCM to some extent by
constructing the relationship of “herb-compound-target-disease”. Moreover, it
can promote the development of drug discovery, medical guidance, and the
dissection of the syndrome in TCM. With the integration of computational
techniques into network pharmacology, the efficiency of data mining and the
accuracy of active compounds identification and target fishing have been
improved, and the “herb-compound-targt-disease” network has been more
systematically and comprehensively explained to reflect the holistic mechanisms
of TCM. Therefore, a comprehensive overview of each aspect of the use of
computational techniques in TCM network pharmacology is urgent. This chapter
systematically dissects the core contents involved in TCM computational network
pharmacology and highlights its application on TCM against COVID-19, and severs
the cutting-edge study examples to compare and analyze the advantages and limitations
of different computational techniques.
Progress in Electronic-Structure Based Computational Methods: From Small Molecules to Large Molecular Systems of Biological Significance
Authors: Bytautas Laimutis , J. Klein Douglas , Tzeli Demeter , Ferrer Maxime , Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon , Oliva-Enrich Josep M.
Published: September 2022

A
review of ab initio computational chemistry methods that can be used for accurate
studies of molecules and molecular design and simulation of chemical phenomena
with applications that are relevant in exploring biological activity is presented.
The review includes a discussion of recent computational approaches that account
for the effects of electron correlation to a high degree and computational methods
that seek to describe large molecular systems with reduced computational cost yet
achieving good quality results. Comparison with available experimental data demonstrates
the effectiveness of these computational methods in estimating accuracy, reliability,
and scalability of the computational approaches discussed in this review. In recent
years, the understanding of biological systems using electronic structure
theory based computational methods with applications to biology and medicine
has gained increased interest. We draw special attention to the computational
methods capable of describing phenomena relevant to biological activity and
drug discovery and development, as well as the design of new materials relevant
to understanding complex biological systems. As an application of these
electronic structure methods, we include the case study of perboranation in
aza-derivatives of aromatic five and six-membered rings.
Identifikasi Komponen Oleoresin Kulit Mangga Kuweni Hasil Ekstraksi Berbantu Gelombang Mikro dengan Metode Gas Kromatografi-Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS)
Authors:   Universitas Padjajaran, Widyasanti Asri , Hanif Abdurrahman ,   Universitas Padjajaran
Published: September 2022

Kulit mangga merupakan produk samping yang dibuang saat buahnya diolah menjadi berbagai macam produk olahan. Kulit mangga dapat dimanfaatkan dengan berbagai cara, diantaranya diekstrak menjadi oleoresin. Oleoresin merupakan ekstraktif rempah-rempah yang terdiri dari bahan penyedap yang mudah menguap dan tidak mudah menguap dalam bentuk senyawa yang mudah menguap dan tidak mudah menguap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa kimia dalam oleoresin dalam kulit mangga Kuweni. Metode ekstraksi dengan bantuan gelombang mikro (MAE) digunakan dalam analisis ini. Ekstraksi dilakukan dalam dua tahap, pertama ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pelarut etanol 96% food grade. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 17 senyawa kimia yang ditemukan dalam oleoresin dengan pelarut n-heksana dan 6 senyawa kimia yang bersifat volatil dalam oleoresin kulit mangga kuweni dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Senyawa utama dalam oleoresin berturut-turut adalah asam Dodecanoid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester dengan kandungan relatif 69.27% dalam ekstrak oleoresin dengan pelarut n-heksana dan 51.09% dalam ekstrak oleoresin dengan pelarut etanol 96%.
FAMILIA MONTIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Hernandez-Ledesma Patricia , Ocampo Gilberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes
Published: September 2022

Familia de 13 géneros y alrededor de 200 especies distribuidas en Norte y Sudamérica, en el norte de Europa y Asia, en Australia y Nueva Zelanda. En el área de estudio se registran cuatro géneros y siete especies.
FAMILIA ERICACEAE
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Herbario CIIDIR, González Elizondo M. Socorro , González Elizondo Martha ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Herbario CIIDIR
Published: September 2022

Familia cosmopolita distribuida principalmente en regiones de clima templado y frío, con preferencia por suelos más o menos ácidos, con 120 a 160 géneros y 4100 a 4500 especies. Para la región de estudio se registran 12 géneros y 29 especies. Bejaria aestuans L. (B. mexicana Benth.) se conoce para México de Durango, Nayarit, Jalisco, Guerrero y Chiapas, así como de Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla y Oaxaca pero no se ha localizado en la región de esta flora.
FAMILIA FAGACEAE
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Romero Rangel Silvia , Rojas Zenteno Ezequiel Carlos ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Rubio Licona Liliana Elizabeth ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala
Published: September 2022

La familia comprende nueve géneros con unas mil especies, habitantes principalmente de zonas templadas y subtropicales de ambos hemisferios. El género más numeroso es Quercus.
FAMILIA HYDROCHARITACEAE
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Bonilla-Barbosa Jaime , Santamaría Araúz Betzy ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
Published: September 2022

Familia cosmopolita de aproximadamente 16 géneros y 118 especies, especialmente de ambientes dulceacuícolas o marinos de zonas tropicales o subtropicales, con pocas especies de regiones templadas. Algunas son consideradas plagas acuáticas, mientras que otras son empleadas como plantas ornamentales para acuario. En México existen siete géneros, dos de los cuales están representados en el área de esta región.
FAMILIA BROMELIACEAE
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Espejo-Serna Adolfo , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ramírez-Morillo Ivón ,   Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C.
Published: September 2022

Las Bromeliaceae cuentan con cerca de 56 géneros y aproximadamente 3086 especies restringidos al Nuevo Mundo con excepción de un solo taxon, Pitcairnia feliciana, que habita en África. Para México se han reportado entre 18 y 23 géneros y entre 326 y 342 especies, de los cuales respectivamente 7 y 51 crecen en la región de esta Flora.
FAMILIA CRASSULACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Pérez-Calix Emmanuel
Published: September 2022

Familia de distribución mundial (exceptuando Australia y Polinesia), principalmente en el sur de Asia Central, Sudáfrica, México y la región del Mediterráneo. Se consideran, según el criterio de diferentes autores, entre 25 y 33 géneros con 1200 a 1500 especies, las cuales viven de manera preferente en regiones secas o lugares rocosos, en el área bajo estudio se han registrado nueve géneros. Como respuesta a tales ambientes sus miembros presentan adaptaciones fisiológicas y morfológicas específicas.
FAMILIA GRAMINEAE : SUBFAMILIA EHRHARTOIDEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Steinmann Victor W.
Published: September 2022

La subfamilia está ampliamente distribuida a través del mundo y consta de tres o cuatro tribus con unos 19 géneros con 115 especies. En la zona de estudio se conocen solamente dos géneros y cinco especies (una de ellas con dos variedades), todos miembros de la tribu Oryzeae. Además, se incluye otra especie que probablemente se encuentra en el área de esta Flora.
Palliative care in India: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Devraj Varun
Published: September 2022

The World Health Organization estimates that only 14 per cent of the 40 million people worldwide who require palliative care receive sufficient help. Many of the individuals in need of palliative care reside in developing nations, such as India. Due to opioid restrictions and societal stigma, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, India has had difficulties delivering palliative care to its population. This editorial explores India’s palliative care challenges, especially in the context of the pandemic and lockdown measures. To address these challenges, the author explores possible solutions that take advantage of the flexible nature of palliative care to extend its implementation across India.
Influence of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Type on Rheological Behaviour of Mixtures Proportioned Using the Equivalent Volume Method
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada, Grazia Mayra De , Trottier Cassandra ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada, Dantas Sergio R. A. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada, Nagaraju Yathiraj ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada, Ziapour Rouzbeh ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada, Macedo Hian F. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada, Sanchez Leandro F. M. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Private, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Canada
Published: September 2022

The ever-growing urgency to combat climate change has led the civil construction industry to develop and adopt sustainable construction materials and methods. The so-called recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) emerges as an alternative to decrease the carbon footprint of new concrete construction, the disposal of waste concrete, and the use of non-renewable natural resources such as cement and aggregates. RCA can be produced from crushing waste concrete; yet challenges remain when using RCA in concrete especially its fresh state behaviour due to its distinct multi-phase nature and microstructure (i.e., presence of residual mortar (RM)/residual cement paste (RCP)). In this context, this work presents a comprehensive study of the rheological behaviour of recycled concrete mixtures through the use of a planetary rheometer (IBB). The recycled mixtures were proportioned using the Equivalent Volume (EV) method, a mixture proportioning technique that accounts for the RM and RCP, respectively, and improves the recycled mixture's hardened state properties, incorporating distinct: 1) coarse RCA having various inner qualities (i.e., 25 MPa, 35 MPa and 45 MPa) and mineralogy (i.e., limestone and granite) and 2) fine RCA made from natural or manufactured sand while having different degrees of processing (i.e., crushed once vs continuously crushed). All recycled mixtures produced in this study present shear-thinning profiles, suggesting that these mixtures are suitable for applications under high torque regimes such as vibrated or pumped concrete. Additionally, they were produced with 100% recycled concrete aggregate (either fine or coarse RCA), classifying them as low embodied energy mixtures.
Effect of rice flour ultrafine particle size on β-glucanase inactivation by microwave treatments and pasting properties in treated flours
Authors: Calix-Rivera Caleb S. , Pérez-Quirce Sandra , Ronda Felicidad
Published: September 2022

The main problem in developing gluten-free products enriched with β-glucans (BG) is the hydrolysis they suffer due to the endogenous β-glucanase content of raw materials. The depolymerization causes a decrease in the molecular weight and viscosity, which is the most important parameter related to the health claims of BG. Hence, it is necessary to inactivate the β-glucanase. Therefore, this study aimed to inactivate the β-glucanase activity present in rice flour (Indica variety) with fine particle size using the microwave (MW) hydrothermal treatment method. The rice flour was conditioned at three different humidities 13, 16, 19 and 25%. Samples of 50 g were subjected to different microwave treatments 1, 2, 4 and 8 min, at 900 W power at 20 seconds intervals of treatment and 1-minute rest. The effect of particle size on inactivating the β-glucanase activity and the effect of MW treatment on the flour pasting property were also studied. The inactivation process followed a first-order kinetic response, and the apparent rate constant of thermal inactivation increased exponentially with the moisture content (M) of the flour, according to the equation -0.02t·exp (0.19·M) (R2 = 0.987). Among the treatments employed 4 min treatment at 25% initial M was found effective for complete β-glucanase inactivation. The effect of flour particle size did not show a significant (p> 0.05) difference on the efficiency of β-glucanase inactivation.

Keywords: particle size, β-glucans, rice flour, microwave treatment, β-glucanase activity.
Coffee's carbohydrates. A critical review of scientific literature
Authors: Portillo Ostilio R. , Arévalo Ana C.
Published: September 2022

Only two species have gained economic importance in coffee production: Coffea arabica L. (Arabica coffee) & Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner var. Robusta, with 65 and 35% of world production attributed to C. arabica http://wsx5customurl.comL. & C. canephora P. respectively. In general, it is estimated that 6 mt of fresh and ripe fruits produce approximately 1 mt of raw and dry grains. The grain endosperm is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, proteins, minerals and lipids, but starch and tannins are absent. However, the seed's chemical composition of C. arabica and C. canephora, before roasting, differs concerning their primary and secondary metabolites content, which serve as precursors for the synthesis of volatile compounds during the roasting process. For this reason, there are marked organoleptic differences between both species' roasted and ground grain. However, the evidence suggests that such differences can also be attributed to other factors since coffees grown in cool, highland areas generally have better sensory attributes than their counterparts grown in hot, lowland areas. It has been speculated that environmental conditions in cool, highland areas induce the slow accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites during the endosperm development resulting in sensorial differences after roasting. This essay focuses on the study of coffee beans' carbohydrates (primary metabolites) before and after roasting, their influence on cup quality, biosynthesis and differences linked to the involved species, their metabolism, solubility and extraction, as well as a discussion on the analytical techniques used for its determination.

Keywords: sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate phosphatase, sucrose phosphate synthase, aploplasm, cytoplasm, Manan synthase, Galactosyl transferase.
Predicción bioinformática de proteínas NBS-LRR en el genoma de Coffea arabica
Authors: Moncada Marcela María , Elvir Manuel Antonio , Lopez Juan Rafael , Ortiz Andrés S.
Published: September 2022

Gracias al acceso al genoma completo de Coffea arabica y el Desarrollo de multiples herramientas de bioinformartica que permite la búsqueda de genes de resistencia de plantas (R-genes), ha sido posible implementar estas estrategias en programas de mejora genética. En las plantas, los R-genes codifican proteínas involucradas en mecanismos de defensa contra patógenos. Los genes con dominios tipo Nucleotide-Binding-Site Leucine-Rich-Repeat (NBS-LRR) forman la familia de R-genes de plantas más grande. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar genes de proteínas NBS-LRR en el genoma de C. arabica utilizando un enfoque bioinformático. Identificamos motivos conservados de R-genes de C. arabica relacionados con genes similares encontrados en Coffea canephora y Coffea eugenoides, dos especies evolutivas relacionadas con C. arabica. Los resultados de estos análisis revelaron proteínas con origen evolutivo provenientes de dicotiledóneo ancestrales, así como proteínas de resistencia específicas del género Coffea. Además, todas las secuencias de los R-genes de C. arabica mostraron una gran similitud con proteína CNL de Arabidopsis thaliana. Finalmente, la presencia de motivos altamente conservados, la distribución cromosómica y las relaciones filogenéticas de los R-genes de C. arabica muestran procesos de coevolución con patógenos adaptados, demostrando de esta manera la importancia del estudio de estos genes en la inmunidad del café.

Palabras clave: Café, NBS-LRR, Proteínas de Resistencia, Bioinformática.
Determinación antigénica de Helicobacter pylori en escolares de un centro educativo comunitario en Honduras
Authors: Cuellar-Macías Estefanía , Álvarez-Corrales Nancy
Published: September 2022

Helicobacter pylori es un colonizador ávido de la mucosa gástrica del ser humano. Las infecciones por H. pylori son usualmente asintomáticas y adquiridas en la niñez por lo cual tienden a progresar hacia cronicidad generando un daño tisular severo; por ello es relevante caracterizar diversos grupos poblacionales y vigilar epidemiológicamente la distribución de casos. Se realizó un proceso educativo de prevención de enfermedades gastrointestinales enlistando 60 niños entre 8 y 12 años en una escuela de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Previo asentimiento informado, 45 escolares respondieron una encuesta para obtener datos demográficos, clínicos, ambientales y sociales. Asimismo, accedieron a colectar y entregar una muestra fecal. Se realizó un método inmunocromatográfico para determinar coproantígenos de H. pylori y se analizó estadísticamente la asociación entre infección por H. pylori, variables socioeconómicas y clínicas. Se detectaron coproantígenos de H. pylori en 29% de la población escolar estudiada, los cuales no mostraron sintomatología gastrointestinal severa o complicaciones. La prevalencia de infección aumenta con la edad de los escolares. No se encontró ninguna asociación estadística significativa entre la infección y las variables analizadas; no obstante, la prevalencia de portadores asintomáticos entre escolares pone en perspectiva el desarrollo de programas de vigilancia, así como estudios prospectivos con intervalos de seguimiento diagnóstico y clínico para prevenir oportunamente complicaciones tempranas y tardías.

Palabras clave: H. pylori, Diagnostico, Epidemiología, Escolares
Associations of COVID-19 Outcomes with Dialysis Modalities and Settings
Authors: Weinhandl Eric D. , Liu Jiannong , Gilbertson David T. , Wetmore James B. , Johansen Kirsten L.
Published: September 2022

How maintenance dialysis modality, dialysis setting, and residence in a nursing facility have jointly associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related outcomes in the United States is relevant to future viral outbreaks. Using Medicare claims, we determined the incidence of COVID-19–related infection, hospitalization, and death between March 15, 2020 and June 5, 2021. The exposure was one of five combinations of dialysis modality and care setting: in-facility hemodialysis without a recent history of skilled nursing facility care, in-facility hemodialysis with a recent history of skilled nursing facility care, hemodialysis in a skilled nursing facility, home hemodialysis, and (home) peritoneal dialysis. Patient-weeks were pooled to estimate the adjusted associations of event incidence with each dialysis modality/setting during four intervals in 2020–2021. Relative to in-facility hemodialysis without a recent history of skilled nursing facility care, home dialysis was associated with 36%–60% lower odds of all events during weeks 12–23 of 2020; 24%–37% lower odds of all events during weeks 24–37 of 2020; 20%–33% lower odds of infection and hospitalization during the winter of 2020–2021; and similar odds of all events thereafter. In contrast, exposure to skilled nursing facilities was associated with 570%–1140% higher odds of all events during spring of 2020, although excess risk attenuated as the pandemic transpired, especially among patients who received hemodialysis in skilled nursing facilities. In conclusion, home dialysis was associated with lower risks of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and death until vaccines were available, whereas care in skilled nursing facilities was associated with higher risks.
Quality Assurance Requirements Tailoring Approach for Small Satellite Projects
Authors: Zaninotto João Manoel , May Jose Eduardo , Diniz Gledson Hernandes , Ferreira Mauricio Gonçalves Vieira
Published: September 2022

In regulated environments, which have impacts on the society, standards are adopted to determine rules to be followed, since the society expects to receive safe and reliable products and services. Regulatory agencies usually require adherence to requirements established in norms and standards so the product can be approved. In this context, space programs Quality Assurance standards are applicable to satellite projects with a wide responsibility range, from experimental small satellites to manned spaceships. Applying the full contents of these standards may be unfeasible to small missions with low responsibility, considering the cost and schedule constraints inherent to this type of project. Therefore, a customization of the requirements must be conducted in a thoughtful and disciplined manner, considering the project characteristics. The tailoring process presented in this work includes the analysis of the risk to the mission due to the reduction of the set of requirements. Each requirement was evaluated in view of its maintenance, modification, or elimination. This paper presents a process of tailoring mission-specific requirements, using a mission risk rating and the risk analysis tool FMECA. The result was a structured process for tailoring requirements, which provided a subset of Quality Assurance requirements applicable to small satellite projects.
Language as an Arrow and a Shield in the Hands of Harold Pinter’s Characters: A Study of the Play The Birthday Party
Authors: Kumari Dr. Meena
Published: September 2022

One of the most naturally gifted dramatists to have come out of England since the war,”1 Harold Pinter has emerged as the most original theatre talent who gave fresh life to the British theatre in the second half of the twentieth century. He has achieved international recognition and has been hailed as “Britain’s best living playwright”2 of post-World War II period. In 2005, the Nobel Prize was conferred upon him for his contribution to drama. That he occupies the position of a modern classic is illustrated by his name entering the language as an adjective used to describe a particular atmosphere and environment in drama: ‘Pinteresque’. Pinter has been known for his experimentation and innovation in dramatic action and language. The Birthday Party (1957), The Caretaker (1960), The Homecoming (1965), No Man's Land (1975), and Betrayal (1978) are some of his best-known plays. The present paper undertakes to explore the language of only one of his plays – The Birthday Party.
Mecanismos de regulación que controlan la expresión de la flagelina en bacterias
Authors: Benítez Julia M. , Camarena Laura
Published: September 2022

En años recientes se han realizado grandes avances en el estudio de la estructura y regulación del flagelo bacteriano. Aun con su amplia diversidad, todos los sistemas flagelares están compuestos por un cuerpo basal, un gancho y un filamento. El ensamblaje flagelar es escalonado y se encuentra altamente regulado. El último paso en la biogénesis flagelar es el ensamblaje del filamento, estructura compuesta por subunidades de flagelina, el componente flagelar más abundante. La síntesis del filamento representa un alto gasto metabólico, por lo tanto, se encuentra estrictamente regulado. En esta revisión se presentan los avances más relevantes sobre la regulación de la expresión de la flagelina en los niveles transcripcional, postranscripcional y postraduccional a través de los grupos bacterianos más representativos.
Effect of the administration route of gonadotropin releasing hormone on the reproductive performance of multiparous Holstein cows
Authors: Mozaffari Sirous , Goli Mojtaba
Published: September 2022

We investigated the effect of epidural versus intramuscular administration of alarelin acetate (GnRHa; 25 μg) at artificial insemination (AI; day 0) and/or 7 days after AI on the pregnancy rate (PR) of Holstein cows that exhibited estrus spontaneously after their voluntary wait period. Cows (n = 117) were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. In groups IM0, IM7, and IM07 (n = 12 per group), cows received GnRHa intramuscularly (IM) at 0 or 7 days, or both, respectively. In groups EP0 (n = 19), EP7 (n = 13) and EP07 (n = 11), cows received GnRHa at the sacrococcygeal epidural site (EP) at 0 or 7 days, or both, respectively. Animals in the control group (CON) received 5 mL of normal saline at 0 and 7 days. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal palpation of the uterine horns 60 days post AI. Results showed a significant difference in PR/first AI between IM0 and EP7 groups (16.67% vs. 61.54%; P < 0.05). Moreover, the results showed no significant differences in overall PR after two rounds of inseminations among all groups 60 days after the second AI. In conclusion, epidural injection of GnRHa 7 days after AI versus its intramuscular injection at AI improved PR/first AI significantly in Holstein lactating cows.
Crisis permanente. Cinco editoriales del sector independiente de la industria editorial mexicana frente a la crisis del covid-19
Authors: González Tolosa David
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo es una aproximación a las estrategias desarrolladas por cinco editoriales que se identifican como parte del sector independiente de la industria editorial en México para adecuarse a la crisis económica detonada por la contingencia sanitaria de 2020. Se entiende que las editoriales independientes son organizaciones sociales conformadas por un conjunto de personas que orientan su acción, tanto individual como colectiva, hacia la consecución de determinados objetivos comunes y metas compartidas, a partir de las cuales se establecen procesos cuyo objetivo es gestionar y organizar las labores que garanticen la concepción y producción del libro. Es interés del texto identificar las readecuaciones que se aplican para responder a los retos organizacionales que supone el estancamiento económico, admitiendo que este tipo de organismos ya ejecutaban sus labores desde un grado de incertidumbre, que se profundiza ante los efectos de la crisis.
La consolidación de los audiolibros en el mercado editorial
Authors: Cruz Quintana Fernando
Published: September 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar el estado actual del mercado de los audiolibros en el mundo, con algunas miradas a contextos nacionales. Para cumplir con este propósito se hace un seguimiento de las cifras de producción y consumo de audiolibros, y se realiza una comparativa de precios entre diferentes formatos, impresos y digitales. De manera adicional, el artículo rastrea cuál es la historia de los formatos sonoros de libro y de algunas de las tecnologías empleadas en diferentes periodos. Partiendo de estas dos vertientes, el trabajo concluye en el reconocimiento de nuevos modelos de negocio para explotar las producciones sonoras, considerando la relevancia de las variables tecnológicas para el buen destino de los audiolibros.
Corpus bibliográfico de Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras en la Biblioteca Nacional de México
Authors: Cervantes Tovar Isabel
Published: September 2022

Identificación y estudio de 56 trabajos de y sobre el artista celayense Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras (1759-1833) que se encuentran en los acervos de la Biblioteca Nacional de México y que dan origen al mismo número de fichas bibliográficas, relacionadas a partir del tipo de obra: manuscritos, libros, capítulos de libros, artículos y notas periodísticas, entre otras. Cada una de las fichas señala la información que contienen estos escritos respecto a la vida y labor artística de Tresguerras.
Development Design of Amine Sweetening Unit Plant of Natural Gas
Authors: Johnson Nnadikwe , FIdelis Wopara Onuoha , Julius Onyewudiala Ibeawuchi , Chidubem Udechukwu Mathew , Dozie Ewelike Asterius
Published: September 2022

Abstract: In addition to reduced equipment sizes, lower circulation rates, and greater overall amine concentration, selective amines have become more popular for gas sweetening. Selective amines absorb H2S from CO2 through thermodynamic or kinetic processes. Selective amine mixtures may enable a small quantity of CO2 to remain in the treated gas. Plant capacity margins for selective amine units are frequently small. Increasing the acid gas concentration or throughput might result in sweet gas that does not fulfill CO2 specifications. Increasing the amine concentration, employing combinations of amines, and altering the lean amine temperature were explored since adding new equipment may be costly. Compared to increasing reboiler or pumping capacity, these factors need little or no extra capital.
Development and Simulation of Natural Gas Refining Mechanism Based on Exergy Study
Authors: Johnson Nnadikwe , FIdelis Wopara Onuoha , Julius Onyewudiala Ibeawuchi , Kwelle Samuel H. , Dozie Ewelike Asterius
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This study will examine a domestic gas field in Bayelsa, Nigeria, to improve the natural gas purification process. This study's main goals are to reduce energy use and improve purification levels. A complete technical and economic assessment was carried out utilizing Aspen Plus TM software. The absorption parameters reflux ratio and stage number were estimated using single-factor sensitivity analysis. The energy system's energy-saving technique was used to examine the heat transfer mechanism and recommend a change. The optimization results show that the suggested system has better purifying performance, lower total energy consumption, and 9 percent improved energy efficiency.
Dynamic Design Evaluation of Helium Recovery and the Thermodynamics and Economics Utilization of Improved Project Viability from Sales Gas
Authors: Fidelis Wopara Onuoha , Johnson Nnadikwe , Dozie Ewelike Asterius , Chidubem Udechukwu Mathew
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Sales gas generally contains barely 0.05 percent helium, making recovery uneconomical. Currently available commercial helium sources range from 0.3 to 8% helium from natural gas reserves, with 0.3 percent being the economic recovery limit. This article compares the technical and economic viability of manufacturing Grade-A liquefied helium from sales gas with low helium contents utilizing combined NGL/NRU/HRU technology.
A Prognostic Examination for Big Mart Vending
Authors: P A Pragathi
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The sales forecast is primarily based totally on Big Mart income for diverse stores to regulate the commercial enterprise version to predicted consequences. The ensuring records can then be used to prediction capacity income volumes for shops including Big Mart thru diverse gadget studying technique. The ensuing data can then be used to prediction ability income volumes for outlets which includes Big Mart thru diverse gadget getting to know methods. which gives as efficient prevision of Big Mart income XG Boost method which offer higher predictive results in comparison to linear regression model, this method is executed on facts from Big Mart.
Sponsorship
Authors: Richardson Kathleen
Published: September 2022

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Preoperative Incentive Spirometer to Prevent Postoperative Pulmonary Complications following Open Heart Surgeries: A Randomized Single Blinded Multi-Centric Clinical Trial
Authors: Noor Faleh Jadeel , AL-Fayyadh Sadeq
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To determine the effect preoperative use of an Incentive Spirometer (IS) has on preventing postoperative pulmonary complications among patients undergoing open heart surgeries.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled single-blinded parallel-group design. Data were collected from January 9th 2022 to April 1st  2022.  A total of n = 64 eligible patients were equally randomized to either intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group performed preoperative IS training for two days before the scheduled surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of in-hospital PPCs. The secondary endpoints were postoperative Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, Hospital Length of Stay (HLOS).

Results: Patients in the intervention group had a lower incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications compared to the control group (12.5% and 21.8%). There was a statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding postoperative PEFR, HLOS and intensive care unit stay.

Conclusions: Preoperative rehabilitation (involving incentive spirometer is related to a lower incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications for the group that received the intervention. Training with preoperative incentive spirometer resulted in a shortening of hospital length of stay and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay.

Trial registration: The study was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry, this at https://www.irct.ir/ reference number (IRCT20211224053503N1).