bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Flow Pattern, Multi‐Dimensional Vortices, and Junction Momentum Exchange in a Partially Covered Submerged Canopy Flume
Authors: Yan Xu‐Feng , Duan Huan‐Feng , Wai Wing‐Hong Onyx , Li Chi‐Wai , Wang Xie‐Kang
Published: March 2022

This study experimentally investigated the influence of a model‐submerged canopy on three‐dimensional hydrodynamic structures in a partially obstructed flume. Canopy density, water discharge, and water depth were varied to achieve generalized conclusions. With tracer experiments, multi‐dimensional (vertical and horizontal) large‐scale coherent vortices arising from both the top and lateral edges of the canopy were visualized. The results of the mean flow and turbulence field show that the hydrodynamic characteristics are highly three‐dimensional, impacted by canopy density and submergence ratio. Typical shear layers are confirmed by scaled velocity distribution with local characteristic velocity and length scales in both vertical and transverse directions along the canopy edges except for the near‐bed region where horizontal vortices are inhibited. Along the canopy edges, the average effect of the vertical coherent vortices overall outweighs that of the horizontal coherent vortices for dense canopies, the ratio of which can be regressed more precisely with the water‐related Reynolds number. The vertical profiles of the longitudinal velocity in the near‐junction region are characterized by near‐bed velocity deflection, strengthened by the increase in canopy density. The negative velocity gradients are found to be more closely related to the drag length‐related Reynolds number. An in‐depth analysis of secondary flows and near‐junction momentum budget has been conducted to show the mass and momentum exchange processes. The results show that multidimensional coherent vortices and turbulence‐induced secondary flows play different roles in mass and momentum exchange, accounting for near‐bed velocity deflections in the junction region.
Characteristics of Kelvin–Helmholtz Waves as Observed by the MMS From September 2015 to March 2020
Authors: Rice Rachel C. , Nykyri Katariina , Ma Xuanye , Burkholder Brandon L.
Published: March 2022

The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission has presented a new opportunity to study the fine scale structures and phenomena of the Earth’s magnetosphere, including cross scale processes associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI), but such studies of the KHI and its secondary processes will require a database of MMS encounters with Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves. Here, we present an overview of 45 MMS observations of the KHI from September 2015 to March 2020. Growth rates and unstable solid angles for each of the 45 events were calculated using a new technique to automatically detect plasma regions on either side of the magnetopause boundary. There was no apparent correlation between solar wind conditions during the KHI and its growth rate and unstable solid angle, which is not surprising as KH waves were observed downstream of their source region. We note all KHI were observed for solar wind flow speeds between 295 and 610 km/s, possibly due to a filtering effect of the instability onset criteria and plasma compressibility. Two‐dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic (2D MHD) simulations were compared with two of the observed MMS events. Comparison of the observations with the 2D MHD simulations indicates that the new region sorting method is reliable and robust. The ability to automatically detect separate plasma regions on either side of a moving boundary and determine the KHI growth rate may prove useful for future work identifying and studying secondary processes associated with the KHI.
Formation of the Igneous Logi Ridge, NE Atlantic
Authors: Tan Pingchuan , Breivik Asbjørn Johan
Published: March 2022

The igneous Logi Ridge is located in the NE Atlantic north of the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone on oceanic crust. The origin of the ridge may relate to the increased influence of the Iceland plume in the Oligocene though the exact mechanism is uncertain. We estimate the igneous volume and magma production rate of the ridge from 10 transects, comprising a refraction profile, six reflection profiles, and three bathymetric profiles. The refraction profile shows up to 12 km crustal thickness of the ridge, and the forward gravity modeling and/or isostatic balancing shows that this is characteristic for most of the ridges. A 3D volume model was created by interpolating between profiles and subtracted the similarly made regional crustal thickness (5–7 km), which gives an excess magma volume of (1.7 ± 0.6) × 1013 m3. The admittance function between bathymetry and gravity indicates an elastic plate thickness of 3–5 km during the main ridge formation. This is consistent with the ridge being built on oceanic crust from Oligocene to earliest Miocene, indicating a main magmatic phase of ∼5 Ma duration, which gives a magma production rate of 0.07–0.15 m3/s, comparable to the Louisville Seamount Chain (LSC). However, the lower crustal velocities of the refraction profile differ from that of the Louisville Guyot in the LSC, suggesting that the melting event was not mainly caused by high mantle temperature, instead it may have been caused in part by the enriched mantle presently seen at the northern end of the Kolbeinsey Ridge to the south.
Global and Regional Patterns of Soil Nitrous Acid Emissions and Their Acceleration of Rural Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Wu Dianming , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Mengdi , An Junling , Wang Ruhai , Haider Haroon , Xu‐Ri  , Huang Ye , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Feng , Tian Hanqin , Zhang Xiuying , Deng Lingling , Pan Yuepeng , Chen Xi , Yu Yuanchun , Hu Chunsheng , Wang Rui , Song Yaqi , Gao Zhiwei , Wang Yue , Hou Lijun , Liu Min
Published: March 2022

Abiotic and biotic releases of nitrous acid (HONO) from soils contribute substantially to the missing source of tropospheric HONO and hydroxyl radicals (OH). However, global and regional patterns of soil HONO emissions are rarely quantified, and the contributions of such emissions to atmospheric oxidization capacity are unclear. Here, we present that the best estimate of global soil HONO emissions in 2017 was 9.67 with a range of 7.36–11.99 Tg N yr−1, and cropland soils accounting for ∼79%. The analyses also indicate that regional soil HONO emissions enhanced ground OH concentrations by 10%–60% and ozone concentrations by 0.5–1.5 ppb in daytime in the ambient area of Shanghai, China. The impact of soil HONO emissions on OH budgets was more significant in rural than urban areas. These findings suggest that the soil HONO emissions, especially from cropland, could quicken photochemical reactions, and aggravate air pollution in rural areas.
Gamma‐CaSO4 With Abnormally High Stability From a Hyperarid Region on Earth and From Mars
Authors: Shi Erbin , Wang Alian , Li Huafang , Ogliore Ryan , Ling Zongcheng
Published: March 2022

Ordinary γ‐CaSO4 is a metastable calcium sulfate, while γ‐CaSO4 from the hyperarid region on Earth and from Mars has been found with abnormally high stability. In this study, we used multiple microanalyses to characterize the chemical and structural properties of two such γ‐CaSO4: one from Atacama soil (#10‐d30) and the other from Martian meteorite MIL03346,168. Silicon was determined to be quasi‐homogeneously distributed in Atacama γ‐CaSO4, while both silicon and phosphorus were detected in Martian γ‐CaSO4. We found the abnormally high stability of those γ‐CaSO4 from hyperarid environments was due to the chemical impurities which filled their structural tunnels and blocked the entrance of atmospheric H2O, with non‐detectable structural distortion. We propose that the γ‐CaSO4 with Si or Si and P impurities could have igneous origin or evaporative origin. Due to the extreme similarity in the structures of bassanite and γ‐CaSO4, their XRD patterns are almost non‐distinguishable; thus some martian “bassanite” minerals identified by Curiosity's CheMin instrument at Gale crater can actually be γ‐CaSO4. The structural tunnels in γ‐CaSO4 would allow ions and ionic groups to fill, thus providing meaningful insights about the geological and geochemical processes experienced by it during the formation and transformation. The Raman spectrometer carried by the Perseverance and by ExoMars rovers will help the selection of samples enriched in γ‐CaSO4 at Jezero Crater and Oxia Planum, which should be sampled for in‐depth analysis on Mars and back to Earth.
Relationship Between Lateral/Basal Shear Stress Ratio and Structural Vergence of Thrust Wedges: Results From Analogue Modeling and Implications for the Origin of Eastern Sichuan–Xuefeng Fold‐Thrust Belt in South China
Authors: Zhou Chao , Zhou Jianxun
Published: March 2022

Thrust wedges are common in nature, but not all of their origins can be properly explained by the classic Coulomb wedge theory, which considers only a 2D perspective. A few analogue models, however, revealed that lateral shear stress (inherent in both analogue models and nature) may strongly affect the development of thrust wedges and the lateral/basal shear stress (τs/τd) ratio might have controlled the structural vergence of thrust wedge, suggesting that origin of thrust wedges needs to be considered from a 3D perspective. The origin of the Eastern Sichuan–Xuefeng fold‐thrust belt (ESXFTB), which is characterized by two oppositely vergent thrust systems at different crustal levels and may contain another large purely backward‐vergent thrust wedge on the world, is still problematic. Revealing the relationship between τs/τd ratio and structural vergence may prompt a deep understanding of the origin of thrust wedges as well as the ESXFTB. This relationship, however, is still not very clear due to the lack of systematic experiments. For these reasons, we performed systematic experiments of two types of analogue models under different τs/τd ratios. Our model results revealed, for the first time, that structural vergence of thrust wedges lying on a weak décollement may progressively change from frontward (when τs/τd <0.09) to dual (when τs/τd = 0.09–1.15) and then to backward (when τs/τd >1.15) and the two oppositely vergent thrust systems in the ESXFTB can be produced simultaneously by the single northwestward Mesozoic shortening probably due to their apparently different τs/τd ratios.
Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Level in Aquifer Systems of Complex Hydrogeology
Authors: Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Guardiola‐Albert Carolina , Karatzas George P.
Published: March 2022

Direct interpolation of groundwater levels often leads to contour maps which are hydrogeological inconsistent since numerical algorithms do not consider changes in flowline patterns caused by hydrogeological heterogeneities and aquifer boundary conditions. In the present work, this issue is assessed by conducting a geostatistical analysis based on Gaussian process method, using space‐time groundwater level observations, to generate reliable spatial maps of groundwater level variability and to identify groundwater level patterns over the island of Crete, Greece. Besides, two innovative tools are employed in the process: the Manhattan distance metric to obtain spatial correlation where faults are present in the aquifer and the spatiotemporal Spartan covariance function to obtain spatiotemporal interdependence. The results show significant prediction improvement over convectional geostatistical methods. Useful information is obtained from the delivered map notifying areas under high risk of groundwater resources shortage. The developed approach could be applied to other areas with analogous hydrogeological properties. It will be especially valuable in semi‐arid areas prone to droughts, where groundwater represents the main source of water.
Flow and Wake Length Downstream of Live Submerged Vegetation Patches: How Do Different Species and Patch Configurations Create Sheltering in Stressful Habitats?
Authors: Cornacchia Loreta , Riviere Nicolas , Soundar Jerome J. John , Doppler Delphine , Vallier Félix , Puijalon Sara
Published: March 2022

Vegetated canopies modify water conveyance and bed stabilization in aquatic ecosystems, providing shelter for other organisms. The sheltering effect downstream of a canopy is, however, rarely quantified for live vegetation, and it is unknown how this effect is influenced by vegetation patch configuration and characteristics. We measured the sheltering effect of different species and patch configurations by comparing the length of the steady wake region, defined in this study as (a) the zone where streamwise velocity is diminished to more than half of the incoming velocity (Lw1), and (b) the distance downstream of the patch where velocity begins to increase (Lw2). Then, we measured the drag experienced by a plant at different downstream locations as a measure of sheltering for plants growing in the steady wake. We found that Lw1 for channel‐spanning cases was longer than for finite‐width cases and extended to ≥2.5 patch lengths from the patch leading edge, while Lw2 for finite‐width patches was related to the smallest dimension between canopy half‐width and height. Species effects were consistent across definitions: the species with the longest wake lengths was G. densa, followed by C. platycarpa and V. spiralis, which showed similar wake lengths for finite‐width cases. Drag reduction was related to downstream flow modification for finite‐width patches, but not for channel‐spanning ones. The results of this study indicate that patterns of hydrodynamic sheltering behind live patches can be complex and difficult to predict based only on patch dimensions, especially due to covariation between patch characteristics in real vegetation.
A Semi‐Analytical Solution for Slug Test by Considering Near‐Well Formation Damage and Nonlinear Flow
Authors: Lin Ying‐Fan , Yeh Hund‐Der
Published: March 2022

This study proposes a new analytical slug test model describing confined flow considering the effects of the formation damage and non‐Darcy flow near the wellbore. The former, primarily caused by drilling fluid invasion, introduces an extra wellbore head loss near the well screen. The latter, mainly resulting from the relatively high‐velocity flow across the gravel‐pack screen, adopts the Forchheimer equation to consider the joint effects of the laminar flow and non‐Darcy flow. The proposed model is nonlinear due to the quadratic term for non‐Darcy flow in the Forchheimer equation. The new solutions for head responses in the well and formation are derived using the Laplace transform method and integration by parts formula. Furthermore, the present solution is applied to estimate the aquifer parameters via analyzing the water level data from field slug tests conducted in the Minnelusa aquifer near Spearfish, South Dakota. We found that the present solution provides very good fit to the field data from tests in fractured aquifers, notably the data exhibits a rapid decline at late times on the normalized head vs. logarithmic time plots.
Preclinical studies of Flonoltinib Maleate, a novel JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor, in treatment of JAK2V617F-induced myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Hu Mengshi , Yang Tao , Yang Linyu , Niu Lu , Zhu Jinbing , Zhao Ailin , Shi Mingsong , Yuan Xue , Tang Minghai , Yang Jianhong , Pei Heying , Yang Zhuang , Chen Qiang , Ye Haoyu , Niu Ting , Chen Lijuan
Published: March 2022

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) hyperactivation by JAK2V617F mutation leads to myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and targeting JAK2 could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MPNs. Here, we report that Flonoltinib Maleate (FM), a selective JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor, shows high selectivity for JAK2 over the JAK family. Surface plasmon resonance assays verified that FM had a stronger affinity for the pseudokinase domain JH2 than JH1 of JAK2 and had an inhibitory effect on JAK2 JH2V617F. The cocrystal structure confirmed that FM could stably bind to JAK2 JH2, and FM suppressed endogenous colony formation of primary erythroid progenitor cells from patients with MPNs. In several JAK2V617F-induced MPN murine models, FM could dose-dependently reduce hepatosplenomegaly and prolong survival. Similar results were observed in JAK2V617F bone marrow transplantation mice. FM exhibited strong inhibitory effects on fibrosis of the spleen and bone marrow. Long-term FM treatment showed good pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics with high drug exposure in tumor-bearing tissues and low toxicity. Currently, FM has been approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China (CXHL2000628), and this study will guide clinical trials for patients with MPNs.
Hypoxia-induced PVT1 promotes lung cancer chemoresistance to cisplatin by autophagy via PVT1/miR-140-3p/ATG5 axis
Authors: Wang Jiying , Dong Zhiyi , Sheng Zhaoying , Cai Yong
Published: March 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors and the cases increased rapidly. Elevated chemoresistance during chemotherapy resistance remains a challenge. Hypoxia is one of the components that lead to chemoresistance. PVT1 participates in various tumor drug resistance and is associated with hypoxia conditions. The present study aimed to analyze the regulatory relationship of hypoxia and PVT1 and the mechanism of PVT1 in the hypoxia-induced chemoresistance process of lung cancer. The expression of PVT1 in lung cancer and adjacent tissues, and cell lines were analyzed using the TCGA database and qPCR. The regulatory relationship between hypoxia and PVT1 was validated and analyzed with qPCR, luciferase reporter system, and CHIP-qPCR. The role of PVT1 in chemoresistance ability induced by hypoxia was analyzed with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The roles of PVT1, hypoxia, and chemoresistance were also analyzed with LC3-GFP transfection, WB, and IHC. Finally, the results were further validated in xenograft models. PVT1 is highly expressed in lung cancer and cell lines, and the expression of PVT1 is regulated by HIF-1α, and the luciferase reporter assay and CHIP-qPCR analysis indicated that HIF-1α could bind to the promoter region of PVT1 and regulate PVT1 expression. PVT1 participated in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance and induced higher viability and lower apoptosis rate by the autophagy signaling pathway via PVT1/miR-140-3p/ATG5 axis. All the findings were validated in the xenograft models. In conclusion, these results suggest that the expression of PVT1 is regulated by HIF-1α and participates in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance.
LncRNA MEG3 up-regulates SIRT6 by ubiquitinating EZH2 and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zou Dongmei , Liu Liang , Zeng Yinzhen , Wang Huanhuan , Dai Dongling , Xu Mingguo
Published: March 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health threat. Here, we presented the significant role of a novel signaling axis comprising long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in controlling lipid accumulation, inflammation, and the progression of NAFLD. Mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) were established as in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models, respectively. Lipid accumulation was measured by oil red O staining and assays for triglycerides or cholesterol. Inflammation was examined by ELISA for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Gene expressions were examined by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Interactions between key signaling molecules were examined by combining expressional analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, cycloheximide stability assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. MEG3 level was reduced in FFA-challenged hepatocytes or liver from HFD-fed mice, and the reduction paralleled the severity of NAFLD in clinic. Overexpressing MEG3 suppressed FFA-induced lipid accumulation or inflammation in hepatocytes. By promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of EZH2, MEG3 upregulated SIRT6, an EZH2 target. SIRT6 essentially mediated the protective effects of MEG3 in hepatocytes. Consistently, overexpressing MEG3 alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD in vivo. By controlling the expressions of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, the MEG3/EZH2/SIRT6 axis significantly suppressed lipid accumulation and inflammation in vitro, and NAFLD development in vivo. Therefore, boosting MEG3 level may benefit the treatment of NAFLD.
Impact of a randomized weight loss trial on breast tissue markers in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Dieli-Conwright Christina M. , Harrigan Maura , Cartmel Brenda , Chagpar Anees , Bai Yalai , Li Fang-yong , Rimm David L. , Pusztai Lajos , Lu Lingeng , Sanft Tara , Irwin Melinda L.
Published: March 2022

Few trials have examined the effect of lifestyle behavioral interventions on tissue markers in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and impact of a 6-month weight loss intervention on breast tissue and serum biomarkers in women with breast cancer. Fifty-one women who completed breast cancer treatment and had a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 were randomized to a weight loss intervention or usual care. Breast tissue biopsies, fasting blood draw and body composition were collected at baseline and 6 months, with between-group changes examined using analysis of covariance method. Baseline and post-intervention biopsies were conducted in 49 and 42 women, respectively, with pre- and post-epithelial tissue available from 25 tissue samples. Average 6-month weight loss was 6.7% for the weight loss group and 2.0% increase for the usual care group (p < 0.0001). At baseline, body fat and serum insulin levels were inversely associated with breast tissue insulin receptor levels and CD68 (p < 0.05). At 6 months, favorable changes were observed in serum leptin and adiponectin levels and tissue CD163 among women randomized to weight loss vs. adverse change in women randomized to usual care (p < 0.05). Breast tissue biopsies are feasible to collect in a clinical research setting among breast cancer survivors, with weight loss favorably impacting metabolic and inflammatory markers associated with breast cancer.
Probing defect densities at the edges and inside Josephson junctions of superconducting qubits
Authors: Bilmes Alexander , Volosheniuk Serhii , Ustinov Alexey V. , Lisenfeld Jürgen
Published: March 2022

Tunneling defects in disordered materials form spurious two-level systems which are a major source of decoherence for micro-fabricated quantum devices. For superconducting qubits, defects in tunnel barriers of submicrometer-sized Josephson junctions couple strongest to the qubit, which necessitates optimization of the junction fabrication to mitigate defect formation. Here, we investigate whether defects appear predominantly at the edges or deep within the amorphous tunnel barrier of a junction. For this, we compare defect densities in differently shaped Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions that are part of a Transmon qubit. We observe that the number of detectable junction-defects is proportional to the junction area, and does not significantly scale with the junction’s circumference, which proposes that defects are evenly distributed inside the tunnel barrier. Moreover, we find very similar defect densities in thermally grown tunnel barriers that were formed either directly after the base electrode was deposited, or in a separate deposition step after removal of native oxide by Argon ion milling.
Antidepressant-like effects of a chlorogenic acid- and cynarine-enriched fraction from Dittrichia viscosa root extract
Authors: Murlanova Kateryna , Cohen Netanela , Pinkus Anna , Vinnikova Liudmila , Pletnikov Mikhail , Kirby Michael , Gorelick Jonathan , Drori Elyashiv , Pinhasov Albert
Published: March 2022

Dittrichia viscosa is a perennial Mediterranean plant used in traditional medicine for “calming purposes”, pointing at a possible antidepressant activity of the plant. We conducted chromatographic and bioassay-guided fractionation of D. viscosa root extract to isolate a specific fraction (fraction “K”) with antidepressant-like characteristics in vivo and strong antioxidant properties in vitro. A single dose of “K” reduced immobility time in the forced swim test with a mouse model possessing a depressive-like phenotype. Neurochemical profiling for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its primary metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of “K”-treated mice showed reduction in 5-HIAA, indicative of either serotonin uptake transporter or monoamine oxidase-A inhibition, as well as slight increases in 5-HT content. These neurochemical alterations, as well as the behavioral changes observed, were comparable to the effects of paroxetine. “K” also protected PC12 cells in a H2O2 cytotoxicity assay, thus demonstrating antioxidant properties, yet paroxetine augmented oxidative damage and cell death. Identification of the main compounds in “K” by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) indicated that chlorogenic acid and cynarine comprised 87% of the total components. D. viscosa root extract appears to produce antidepressant and cytoprotective effects and may serve as an attractive alternative to standard therapies for depression.
Numerical assessment of heat and mass transportation in $$\upgamma {\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}/{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$ nanofluids influenced by Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Zubair Tamour , Usman Muhammad , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Khan Ilyas , Zahran H. Y. , Almaliki Abdulrazak H.
Published: March 2022

The current flow model is dedicated to capture the role of Dufour and Soret on heat and mass transmission of rotating flow of$$\upgamma {\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}-{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$γAl2O3-C2H6O2and$$\upgamma {\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}-$$γAl2O3-water nanoparticles due to exponential stretching under the action of thermal radiation, magnetic, and Eckert numbers. The problem is modelled in terms if partial differential equations (PDEs) with associated physical conditions. The ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained via suitable transformations. The reduced nonlinear ODEs set is tackled via a new scheme. We suggested significant improvements in the traditional technique and further formulated an extended version of wavelets scheme-based Chebyshev polynomials thoughts. The detailed procedure of the wavelet scheme and flow chart are provided. To validate the numerical outcomes; a comparative study with numerical technique RK (order-4) is also provided. Furthermore; numerical consequences of velocity, concentration and temperature profiles are further examined using several plots. The graphical plots, compared and convergence analyses are endorsing that our proposed modifications are worthy. Velocities profiles in view of$$\gamma {\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}-{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$γAl2O3-C2H6O2nanofluid are lower than the$$\gamma {\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$γAl2O3-H2Onanofluid. Temperature and concentration profiles are dominant when$$\gamma {\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$γAl2O3-H2Onanofluid is considered.
A semantic web technology index
Authors: Lan Gongjin , Liu Ting , Wang Xu , Pan Xueli , Huang Zhisheng
Published: March 2022

Semantic web (SW) technology has been widely applied to many domains such as medicine, health care, finance, geology. At present, researchers mainly rely on their experience and preferences to develop and evaluate the work of SW technology. Although the general architecture (e.g., Tim Berners-Lee’s Semantic Web Layer Cake) of SW technology was proposed many years ago and has been well-known, it still lacks a concrete guideline for standardizing the development of SW technology. In this paper, we propose an SW technology index to standardize the development for ensuring that the work of SW technology is designed well and to quantitatively evaluate the quality of the work in SW technology. This index consists of 10 criteria that quantify the quality as a score of$$0{-}10$$0-10. We address each criterion in detail for a clear explanation from three aspects: (1) what is the criterion? (2) why do we consider this criterion and (3) how do the current studies meet this criterion? Finally, we present the validation of this index by providing some examples of how to apply the index to the validation cases. We conclude that the index is a useful standard to guide and evaluate the work in SW technology.
The impact of treatment of periodic limb movements in sleep on blood pressure in patients with and without sleep apnea
Authors: Toma Daniela , Bertram Sebastian , Racovitan Diana , Seidel Maximilian , Doevelaar Adrian , Seibert Felix S. , Rohn Benjamin , Babel Nina , Mühlberger Dominic , Büchner Nikolaus , Wang Simon , Westhoff Timm H.
Published: March 2022

Improving sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by positive airway pressure therapy is associated with a decrease of blood pressure (BP). It remains elusive, whether treatment of sleep disturbances due to restless legs syndrome with symptomatic periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) affects BP as well. The present study provides first data on this issue. Retrospective study on patients undergoing polysomnography in a German University Hospital. Inclusion criteria were first diagnosis of restless legs syndrome with PLMS (PLM index ≥ 15/h and PLM arousal index ≥ 5/h) with subsequent initiation of levodopa/benserazide or dopamine agonists. Exclusion criterion was an initiation or change of preexisting positive airway pressure therapy between baseline and follow-up. BP and Epworth sleepiness scale were assessed at two consecutive polysomnographies. After screening of 953 PLMS data sets, 114 patients (mean age 62.1 ± 12.1 years) were included. 100 patients (87.7%) were started on levodopa/benserazide, 14 patients (12.2%) on dopamine agonists. Treatment was associated with significant reductions of PLM index (81.2 ± 65.0 vs. 39.8 ± 51.2, p < 0.001) and ESS (6 [interquartile range, IQR, 3–10.5] vs. 5 [IQR 3–10], p = 0.013). Systolic BP decreased from 132.9 ± 17.1 to 128.0 ± 15.8 mmHg (p = 0.006), whereas there was no significant change of diastolic BP (76.7 ± 10.9 vs. 75.1 ± 9.2 mmHg, p = 0.15) and heart rate (71.5 ± 11.9 vs. 71.3 ± 12.7, p = 0.84). The number of antihypertensive drugs remained unchanged with a median of 2 (IQR 1–3, p = 0.27). Dopaminergic treatment of PLMS is associated with an improvement of sleep quality and a decrease of systolic BP comparable to treatment OSA.
Construction and validation of a nomogram for non small cell lung cancer patients with liver metastases based on a population analysis
Authors: Zhao Ruhan , Dai Yunnan , Li Xinyang , Zhu Cuimin
Published: March 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the United States, and the common metastatic sites in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are bone, brain, adrenal gland, and liver, respectively, among which patients with liver metastases have the worst prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed 1963 patients diagnosed with NSCLC combined with liver metastases between 2010 and 2015. Independent prognostic factors for patients with liver metastases from NSCLC were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on this, we developed a nomogram model via R software and evaluated the performance and clinical utility of the model by calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients with liver metastases included age, race, gender, grade, T stage, N stage, brain metastases, bone metastases, surgery, chemotherapy, and tumor size. The area under the curve predicting OS at 6, 9, and 12 months was 0.793, 0.787, and 0.784 in the training cohort, and 0.767, 0.771, and 0.773 in the validation cohort, respectively. Calibration curves of the nomogram showed high agreement between the outcomes predicted by the nomogram and the actual observed outcomes, and the DCA further demonstrated the value of the clinical application of the nomogram. By analyzing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we established and verified a prognostic nomogram for NSCLC patients with liver metastases, to personalize the prognosis of patients. At the same time, the prognostic nomogram has a satisfactory accuracy and the results are a guide for the development of patient treatment plans.
Changes in wrist joint contact area following radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck’s disease
Authors: Shiota Junki , Momma Daisuke , Matsui Yuichiro , Inoue Nozomu , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: March 2022

We hypothesized that the contact area of the articular surface of the wrist joint could be evaluated using a custom-designed analytical program. The aim of the study was to compare the articular contact area of the wrist joint before and after radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck’s disease. Nine wrists of 9 patients underwent radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck’s disease. Computed tomography (CT) images of the wrist joint were reconstructed using a 3D reconstruction software package. Radioscaphoid and radiolunate joint contact areas and translation of the joint contact area from preoperative to postoperative were calculated using customized software. The mean Modified Mayo Wrist Score was significantly improved from 50.6 preoperatively to 83.3 at final follow-up (p < .001). Preoperatively, the pain was reported as severe in five wrists and moderate in four wrists, while at final follow-up, five patients were free from pain and four patients had mild pain with vigorous activity. The preoperative radioscaphoid joint contact area was 133.4 ± 49.5 mm2 and the postoperative radioscaphoid joint contact area was 156.4 ± 73.1 mm2. The preoperative radiolunate joint contact area was 194.8 ± 92.1 mm2 and the postoperative radiolunate joint contact area was 148.3 ± 97.9 mm2. The radial translation distance was 0.4 ± 1.2 mm, the dorsal translation distance was 0.6 ± 1.2 mm, and the proximal translation distance was 0.2 ± 0.4 mm. CT-based analysis revealed that the center of the contact area translated radially following radial shortening.
Destruction of polyelectrolyte microcapsules and release of FITC-dextran from them by the influence of sodium dodecyl sulfonate
Authors: Dubrovskii Alexey V. , Kim Aleksandr L. , Musin Egor V. , Tikhonenko Sergey A.
Published: March 2022

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules can be applied as microcontainers for the delivery of a wide range of substances, and it is important to search for new methods for capsule destruction and releasing substances from them. In this work, we studied the possibility of using sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) for the release of fluorescein isothiocyanate—dextran from six-layer microcapsules composed of PAH and PSS. It was shown that the presence of SDS in the medium, at a concentration of 3000 μg/ml, leads to the destruction of polyelectrolyte microcapsules and the release of the substance from them (54% of the amount of the encapsulated substance), while the main part of the FITC-dextran released during the first hours of incubation. At an SDS concentration of 100 μg/ml, the substance released is uniform and is 44% in 24 h. At SDS concentrations from 50 to 100 μg/ml, the process of destruction of microcapsules proceeds more slowly. At SDS concentrations from 10 to 50 μg/ml, microcapsules are not degraded.
Transgenic expression of Nix converts genetic females into males and allows automated sex sorting in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Lutrat Célia , Olmo Roenick P. , Baldet Thierry , Bouyer Jérémy , Marois Eric
Published: March 2022

Aedes albopictus is a major vector of arboviruses. Better understanding of its sex determination is crucial for developing mosquito control tools, especially genetic sexing strains. In Aedes aegypti, Nix is the primary gene responsible for masculinization and Nix-expressing genetic females develop into fertile, albeit flightless, males. In Ae. albopictus, Nix has also been implicated in masculinization but its role remains to be further characterized. In this work, we establish Ae. albopictus transgenic lines ectopically expressing Nix. Several are composed exclusively of genetic females, with transgenic individuals being phenotypic and functional males due to the expression of the Nix transgene. Their reproductive fitness is marginally impaired, while their flight performance is similar to controls. Overall, our results show that Nix is sufficient for full masculinization in Ae. albopictus. Moreover, the transgene construct contains a fluorescence marker allowing efficient automated sex sorting. Consequently, such strains constitute valuable sexing strains for genetic control.
An anti-PD-1–GITR-L bispecific agonist induces GITR clustering-mediated T cell activation for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chan Sarah , Belmar Nicole , Ho Sun , Rogers Bryan , Stickler Marcia , Graham Michelle , Lee Eileen , Tran Ninian , Zhang Dong , Gupta Priyanka , Sho Mien , MacDonough Tracy , Woolley Andrew , Kim Han , Zhang Hong , Liu Wei , Zheng Pingping , Dezso Zoltan , Halliwill Kyle , Ceccarelli Michele , Rhodes Susan , Thakur Archana , Forsyth Charles M. , Xiong Mengli , Tan Siu Sze , Iyer Ramesh , Lake Marc , Digiammarino Enrico , Zhou Li , Bigelow Lance , Longenecker Kenton , Judge Russell A. , Liu Cassie , Trumble Max , Remis Jonathan P. , Fox Melvin , Cairns Belinda , Akamatsu Yoshiko , Hollenbaugh Diane , Harding Fiona , Alvarez Hamsell M.
Published: March 2022

Costimulatory receptors such as glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein (GITR) play key roles in regulating the effector functions of T cells. In human clinical trials, however, GITR agonist antibodies have shown limited therapeutic effect, which may be due to suboptimal receptor clustering-mediated signaling. To overcome this potential limitation, a rational protein engineering approach is needed to optimize GITR agonist-based immunotherapies. Here we show a bispecific molecule consisting of an anti-PD-1 antibody fused with a multimeric GITR ligand (GITR-L) that induces PD-1-dependent and FcγR-independent GITR clustering, resulting in enhanced activation, proliferation and memory differentiation of primed antigen-specific GITR+PD-1+ T cells. The anti-PD-1–GITR-L bispecific is a PD-1-directed GITR-L construct that demonstrated dose-dependent, immunologically driven tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic, genetically engineered and xenograft humanized mouse tumor models, with a dose-dependent correlation between target saturation and Ki67 and TIGIT upregulation on memory T cells. Anti-PD-1–GITR-L thus represents a bispecific approach to directing GITR agonism for cancer immunotherapy.
Purely electrical SARS-CoV-2 sensing based on single-molecule counting
Authors: van Kooten Xander F. , Rozevsky Yana , Marom Yulia , Ben Sadeh Efrat , Meller Amit
Published: March 2022

Purely electrical SARS-CoV-2 quantification based on single-molecule counting in a solid-state nanopore sensor. RNA from clinical samples is converted to double-stranded DNA without amplification and analyzed using the nanopore device.
The disappearing additive: introducing volatile ethyl acetate into a perovskite precursor for fabricating high efficiency stable devices in open air
Authors: Zhang Pengyun , Gu Ningxia , Song Lixin , Chen Xiang , Du Pingfan , Zha Leying , Chen Wei-Hsiang , Xiong Jie
Published: March 2022

In this contribution, ethyl acetate (EA) is introduced into perovskite precursor to enhance the crystallinity of perovskite for fabricating high efficiency and stable solar cell in an atmospheric environment.
Endothermic catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons for thermal management of high-speed flight vehicles
Authors: Hubesch Roxanne , Mazur Maciej , Selvakannan P. R. , Föger Karl , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen , Bhargava Suresh
Published: March 2022

Regenerative cooling paired with catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons can address thermal management and efficient fuel combustion in supersonic air streams, as a sustainable approach in developing high-speed flight vehicles.
In situ voltammetric analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in environmental water using a boron doped diamond electrode and an adapted unmanned air vehicle sampling platform
Authors: Dantas Neto José Claudiano , Bezerra dos Santos Vagner , Bezerra de Oliveira Severino Carlos , Suarez Willian Toito , Lopes de Oliveira Josiane
Published: March 2022

No displacement of researchers, no transport, less toxic contact, fast, and low-cost analytical method.
A heterogeneous bifunctional silica-supported Ag2O/Im+Cl− catalyst for efficient CO2 conversion
Authors: Karanjit Sangita , Tanaka Emiko , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Nakayama Atsushi , Ariga Katsuhiko , Namba Kosuke
Published: March 2022

Reusable heterogeneous bifunctional silica-supported Ag2O/Im+Cl− catalyst in carboxylative cyclization reaction of propargyl alcohols by the efficient utilization of CO2 under ambient conditions.
The influence of thiocarbonylthio compounds on the B(C6F5)3 catalyzed cationic polymerization of styrene
Authors: Destephen Aurélie , González de San Román Estibaliz , Ballard Nicholas
Published: March 2022

When applied to the cationic polymerization of styrene, thiocarbonylthio compounds can lead to a dual control mechanism, where degenerative chain transfer occurs concurrent with a reversible addition mechanism.
Isolation and structural characterization of stable carbamic–carbonic anhydrides: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Sampaio-Dias Ivo E. , Sousa Carlos A. D. , Silva-Reis Sara C. , Pinto da Sílva Luís , García-Mera Xerardo , Rodríguez-Borges José E.
Published: March 2022

Beyond intermediates: isolation, chemical characterization, and computational studies of the first examples of stable carbamic–carbonic anhydrides.
Correction: Surface modification of intraocular lenses with hyaluronic acid and lysozyme for the prevention of endophthalmitis and posterior capsule opacification
Authors: Wang Bailiang , Lin Quankui , Jin Tingwei , Shen Chenghui , Tang Junmei , Han Yuemei , Chen Hao
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Surface modification of intraocular lenses with hyaluronic acid and lysozyme for the prevention of endophthalmitis and posterior capsule opacification’ by Bailiang Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 3597–3604, DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13499k.
Enantioselective synthesis of α-amino ketones through palladium-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of α-keto imines
Authors: Wen Wei , Ai Zhao-Pin , Yang Chang-Lin , Li Chao-Xing , Wu Zhu-Lian , Cai Tian , Guo Qi-Xiang
Published: March 2022

Chiral α-amino ketones are common structural motifs in natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as important synthons in organic synthesis.
Die degenerative Lumbalskoliose – Lange Versorgung erforderlich
Authors: Obid Peter , Niemeyer Thomas
Published: March 2022

Aufgrund der Alterung der Bevölkerung ist mit einer Zunahme von adulten Wirbelsäulendeformitäten zu rechnen. Deformitäten die mit einer koronaren oder sagittalen Imbalance assoziiert sind, beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität in besonderem Maße. Häufig sind diese Deformitäten zusätzlich rigide und erfordern daher für eine operative Korrektur eine langstreckige Versorgung.
Die degenerative adulte lumbale de novo Skoliose – Evidenz
Authors: Quante Markus
Published: March 2022

Die adulte lumbale degenerative lumbale Skoliose bietet sehr oft eine heterogene strukturelle Befundlage. Foraminale und zentrale Stenosen sowie lokale oder globale Instabilitäten begründen oft massive Beschwerden. Darüber hinaus ist die sagittale und frontale Deformität für Symptome ausschlaggebend. Das selektive oder „kurzstreckige“ Vorgehen erfordert die eindeutige Eingrenzung der strukturellen, Schmerzen auslösenden Ursache sowie die Berücksichtigung der Regeln der Deformitätenkorrektur. Werden die Prinzipien angewandt, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit zum selektiven Vorgehen. Der Artikel fasst die Evidenzlage zusammen.
Operative Korrektur der idiopathischen Adoleszentenskoliose – Pro Bewegungserhalt
Authors: Birkenmaier Christof , Trobisch Per David
Published: March 2022

Die kritische Literaturanalyse zeigt zum Einen, dass die fusionierende Behandlung von Adoleszentenskoliosen (IAS) eindeutig Konsequenzen bez. Funktion, Sport und Degeneration der Anschlußsegmente hat, sowie dass durchaus relevante Reoperationsraten resultieren. Zum Anderen ist klar erkennbar, dass bewegungserhaltende Ansätze, von denen bisher nur die flexible anteriore Skoliosekorrektur (FASK/VBT) gut untersucht ist, noch keine optimal definierten Indikationsgrenzen haben und dass diese Implantatsysteme noch früh in ihrer medizintechnischen Entwicklung stehen, was beides Gründe für die anfangs vergleichsweise hohen technischen Versagerraten waren. Definiert man die Versteifung einer adoleszenten Wirbelsäule jedoch als Schadensbegrenzung bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie, liegt dann die Versagerquote nach Spondylodese nicht bei 100%? Diese Zahl zu reduzieren sollte unser Anspruch sein.
Bewegungserhaltende operative Korrektur der idiopathischen Adoleszentenskoliose – Evidenz
Authors: Heyde Christoph-Eckhard
Published: March 2022

Mit dem Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering (AVBT) steht eine Technik zur Verfügung, welche für die idiopathische Adoleszentenskoliose unter definierten Voraussetzungen eine Wachstumslenkung und damit Korrektur bei weitestgehend Funktionserhalt verspricht. Evidenz liegt im Moment nur für das thorakale AVBT entsprechend den Evidenzgraden III und IV vor. Für lumbale und thorakolumbale Kurven ist auf der Grundlage der zur Verfügung stehenden Literatur in Bezug auf eine mögliche Evidenz keine Aussage möglich. Für einen Einsatz nach Wachstumsabschluss findet sich in der Literatur keine Unterstützung. In Diskussion verbleibt der optimale Operationszeitpunkt in Bezug auf die Skelettreife. Die hohe in der Literatur dokumentierte Zahl an Komplikationen und Nachoperationen erfordert eine weitere Evaluation und Optimierung des Verfahrens.
PET/CT zur Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens bei aggressiven Lymphomen
Authors: Grosse Jirka , Hellwig Dirk
Published: March 2022

Die Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) mit 18F-Fluorodesoxyglukose (FDG) in Kombination mit der Computertomografie (CT) ist integraler Bestandteil der initialen Diagnostik aggressiver Lymphome. Mehrere Studien und Metaanalysen haben gezeigt, dass die FDG-PET/CT die genaueste nicht invasive Methode bei Staging und Restaging von Hodgkin- (HL) und Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen (NHL) darstellt. Die PET-basierte Risikostratifizierung liefert wesentliche prognostische Informationen. Im Laufe der letzten Jahre hat sich diese Hybridbildgebung auch zur frühen Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens und somit als Instrument der Therapiesteuerung etabliert. So kann auf Basis der FDG-Avidität von Restlymphomen das therapeutische Regime personifiziert ggf. eskaliert oder deeskaliert werden, um den Therapieerfolg zu verbessern. Neue PET-bildbasierte Biomarker wie das Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) lassen in naher Zukunft eine weitere Verbesserung dieser Risikostratifizierung erwarten. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die relevanten Anwendungsbereiche der FDG-PET/CT bei der Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens maligner Lymphome dargestellt.