bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of circ-FURIN suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis of granular cells in polycystic ovary syndrome via miR-195-5p/BCL2 axis
Authors: Chen Yongqian , Miao Jintian , Lou Ge
Published: November 2021

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease that increases the risk of infertility. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating the biological processes of PCOS. Our study was designed to explore the function of circ-FURIN in PCOS.

Methods

Circ-FURIN expression was detected using RT-qPCR. The protein expression of AVEN, BCL2, XIAP and AREL1 was measured using western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were applied to clarify the interaction between miR-195-5p and circ-FURIN or BCL2. Functionally, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results

Circ-FURIN was upregulated in PCOS patients and granular cells (GCs). Knockdown of circ-FURIN inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of KGN cells, along with the increased expression of caspase-3 and Bax and the decreased levels of p-PI3K. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated circ-FURIN is associated with apoptotic signaling pathway and cell death. Subsequently, BCL2 expression was elevated in patients with PCOS and positively regulated by circ-FURIN. Furthermore, circ-FURIN was served as a sponge of miR-195-5p to directly target to BCL2. The levels of miR-195-5p were reduced in PCOS and KGN cells. Knockdown of circ-FURIN decreased the expression of BCL2, which was abolished by miR-195-5p inhibitor. At last, rescue experiments revealed that overexpression of BCL2 reversed the effects of circ-FURIN knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis of KGN cells.

Conclusions

Loss of circ-FURIN alleviated the development of PCOS via miR-195-5p/BCL2 axis. Circ-FURIN may be the novel biomarker for PCOS.
Barriers and facilitators to adherence to national drug policies on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in Bangladesh
Authors: Nizame Fosiul Alam , Shoaib Dewan Muhammad , Rousham Emily K. , Akter Salma , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Khan Afsana Alamgir , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne
Published: November 2021

Background

The National Drug Policy in Bangladesh prohibits the sale and distribution of antibiotics without prescription from a registered physician. Compliance with this policy is poor; prescribing antibiotics by unqualified practitioners is common and over-the-counter dispensing widespread. In Bangladesh, unqualified practitioners such as drug shop operators are a major source of healthcare for the poor and disadvantaged. This paper reports on policy awareness among drug shop operators and their customers and identifies current dispensing practices, barriers and facilitators to policy adherence.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study in rural and urban Bangladesh from June 2019 to August 2020. This included co-design workshops (n = 4) and in-depth interviews (n = 24) with drug shop operators and customers/household members, key informant interviews (n = 12) with key personnel involved in aspects of the antibiotic supply chain including pharmaceutical company representatives, and model drug shop operators; and a group discussion with stakeholders representing key actors in informal market systems namely: representatives from the government, private sector, not-for-profit sector and membership organizations.

Results

Barriers to policy compliance among drug shop operators included limited knowledge of government drug policies, or the government-led Bangladesh Pharmacy Model Initiative (BPMI), a national guideline piloted to regulate drug sales. Drug shop operators had no clear knowledge of different antibiotic generations, how and for what diseases antibiotics work contributing to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing. Nonetheless, drug shop operators wanted the right to prescribe antibiotics based on having completed related training. Drug shop customers cited poor healthcare facilities and inadequate numbers of attending physician as a barrier to obtaining prescriptions and they described difficulties differentiating between qualified and unqualified providers.

Conclusion

Awareness of the National Drug Policy and the BPMI was limited among urban and rural drug shop operators. Poor antibiotic prescribing practice is additionally hampered by a shortage of qualified physicians; cultural and economic barriers to accessing qualified physicians, and poor implementation of regulations. Increasing qualified physician access and increasing training and certification of drug shop operators could improve the alignment of practices with national policy.
A case of treatment-resistant depression in an older adult and a discussion of treatment options
Authors: Pope Emma , Muthukrishnan Sabari , Phillips James , Phillips Sarah
Published: November 2021

Treatment-resistant depression is a complex condition often requiring specialist psychiatric care. Many different psychiatric, physical and social factors can lead to a poor response to initial treatment of depression, and a careful assessment is required to determine the most appropriate management option. This can be particularly complex in the older population, who often have multiple physical and social comorbidities. We have used a fictional case to illustrate this, alongside an anonymised vignette of someone with personal experience of this condition. We have also provided an overview of the current evidence for treatment options, as well as a discussion of potential aetiological factors. By the end of this article, readers should understand the ambiguity of this diagnostic term, the aetiological factors that need to be assessed and the rationale for the treatment options available. They should be able to recognise how these ideas apply to the geriatric population.
Συγκριτική μελέτη πρωτότυπων και γενόσημων υπολιπιδαιμικών φαρμάκων στο πάχος και τις επασβεστώσεις αγγείων ασθενών που υποβάλλονται σε αορτοστεφανιαία παράκαμψη
Authors: Καρκάνης Γεώργιος
Published: November 2021

Η μετάθεση των γενόσημων φαρμάκων από το περιθώριο της αμφιβολίας στο επίκεντρο της αποδοχής (και μάλιστα ισότιμης δίπλα στα πρωτότυπα φάρμακα) επιβλήθηκε από τον κρατικό εξορθολογισμό δαπανών που είχε σκοπό την άμβλυνση των στρεβλώσεων της αγοράς του φαρμάκου κατά την τρέχουσα οικονομική συγκαιρία.Η θεσμοθέτηση σωρείας μέτρων και παρεμβάσεων, ως αποτέλεσμα εφαρμογής συμφωνηθέντων όρων οικονομικής και χρηματοπιστωτικής πολιτικής, οδήγησαν στη συρρίκνωση της οικονομικής ευθαλίας της δημόσιας ασφάλισης. Αδήριτη προκύπτει επομένως η σύγκριση που επιχειρείται στην παρούσα μελέτη ανάμεσα στην αποτελεσματικότητα της χρήσης των νεοεμφανιζόμενων γενόσημων υπολιπιδαιμικών σκευασμάτων από τη μία και των αντίστοιχων πρωτότυπων, καταξιωμένων από ετών, από την άλλη.Για τον σκοπό αυτό παρασκευάσθηκαν, αρχικά χειρουργικά και στη συνέχεια ιστολογικά, δείγματα ανιούσης θωρακικής αορτής, αριστερής έσω θωρακικής αρτηρίας και δεξιάς μείζονος σαφηνούς φλέβας από ασθενείς υπό υπολιπιδαιμική αγωγή με στατίνες ή φιβράτες, οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε χειρουργική αντιμετώπιση στεφανιαίας νόσου με αορτοστεφανιαία παράκαμψη (by-pass). Στα ιστολογικά δείγματα διερευνήθηκε η διαφοροποίηση της προ της χειρουργικής επέμβασης χορήγησης πρωτόπτυπων κα γενοσήμων υπολιπιδαιμικών στην πάχυνση του ενδοθηλίου και στις επασβεστώσεις.Τα αποτελέσματα απεκάλυψαν μη στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά τόσο από τις εργαστηριακές τιμές του λιπιδαιμικού profile των ασθενών στους οποίους είχαν χορηγηθεί είτε γενόσημα, είτε πρωτότυπα υπολιπιδαιμικά φάρμακα, όσο και από τα ιστολογικά παρασκευάσματα τα οποία επιβεβαίωσαν τα παραπάνω ευρήματα.Συμπερασματικά: α) η διείσδυση των γενόσημων υπολιπιδαιμικών φαρμάκων είναι σημαντική σε υψηλά ποσοστά πωλήσεων, β) οι μειώσεις που εφαρμόστηκαν στην κοστολόγιση δεν επέφεραν σε κάθε περίπτωση την αναμενόμενη συγκράτηση της δαπάνης η οποία, επειδή ως μέγεθος εξαρτάται τόσο από την τιμή όσο και από την κατανάλωση, ακολούθησε ευθέως ανάλογα την αύξηση της καθορισμένης ημερήσιας δόσης (ΚΗΔ), γ) η υιοθέτηση της συνταγογράφησης με βάση τη δραστική ουσία επέδρασε στον περιορισμό της αξίας των πωλήσεων, δ) η υπολιπιδαιμική δραστικότητα των γενοσήμων αποδείχθηκε ισότιμη της των πρωτοτύπων τόσο όπως αποτυπώνεται στις εργαστηριακές μικροβιολογικές εξετάσεις των ασθενών όσο και όπως απεκάλυψαν τα ιστολογικά παρασκευάσματα των καρδιοχειρουργηθέντων.
Σχεδιασμός πολιτικών Δημόσιας Υγείας
Authors: Μαυρίκου-Γιαννάκου Μαρία
Published: November 2021

Η διατριβή μελετά την εξέλιξη της πολιτικής Δημόσιας Υγείας (ΔΥ) στην Ελλάδα υπό το πρίσμα των σύγχρονων θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων της δημόσιας πολιτικής. Για τους σκοπούς της μελέτης ορίστηκαν δύο ιστορικοί περίοδοι. Αρχικά, κατά την περίοδο 1975 – 2003 μελετάται η σχεδιαστική διαδικασία και διερευνώνται οι παράγοντες που κατέστησαν δυνατή την θέσπιση της πολιτικής ΔΥ το 2003 καθώς και αυτοί που ανέστειλαν την αποδοχή της μέχρι τότε. Στη συνέχεια, μελετάται η εξέλιξη της μεταρρύθμισης και συζητούνται οι σύγχρονες προκλήσεις στην πολιτική Δημόσιας Υγείας στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία και στη χώρα μας. Για την μελέτη της σχεδιαστικής περιόδου εφαρμόστηκε ποιοτική έρευνα καθοδηγούμενη από το Υπόδειγμα των Πολλαπλών Ρευμάτων (ΥΠΡ) του John Kingdon (1984) σύμφωνα με το οποίο η αλλαγή δημόσιας πολιτικής είναι το αποτέλεσμα της σύζευξης τριών ανεξάρτητων ρευμάτων – Πρόβλημα (Problem), Λύση (Policy) και Πολιτική (Politics) – μέσω της στρατηγικής δράσης επιχειρηματιών πολιτικής (policy entrepreneurs) κατά τη διάρκεια παραθύρων ευκαιρίας (windows of opportunity). Διεξήχθησαν 42 δομημένες συνεντεύξεις με δρώντες που είχαν θεσμικό ρόλο στη πολιτική διαδικασία και αξιοποιήθηκαν νομοθετικά κείμενα, πρακτικά συνεδριάσεων, η σχετική βιβλιογραφία, πορίσματα Επιτροπών και Συνεδρίων, δημοσιεύματα τύπου και αδημοσίευτο υλικό. Η ποιοτική έρευνα ανέδειξε σημαντικές αποκλίσεις μεταξύ της διαδικασίας που αποτυπώνεται στα νομοθετικά κείμενα και των πρακτικών που εφαρμόστηκαν κατά τη διαδικασία σχεδιασμού. Συγκεκριμένα, φαίνεται να επικρατεί η πρακτική «δημιουργίας συγκυριακών θεσμικών χώρων» (venue creation) – όπως ονομάστηκε από τη διατριβή - με τη μορφή επιτροπών που έχουν αντικείμενο την προετοιμασία μεταρρυθμιστικών προτάσεων. Η συγκεκριμένη πρακτική ευνοήθηκε από την πολιτικοποίηση της δημόσιας διοίκησης και τη περιθωριοποίηση των επίσημων θεσμικών δομών ενώ επέτρεψε στις κυβερνήσεις να ορίζουν το επιθυμητό εύρος των αλλαγών. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η θέσπιση ενός διακριτού υποσυστήματος υπηρεσιών ΔΥ κατέστη πολιτικά αποδεκτή καθώς δεν μετάβαλε τις δυναμικές μεταξύ των υποσυστημάτων της Πολιτικής Υγείας και μεταξύ των άλλων τομεακών πολιτικών. Η ποσοτική έρευνα αποτύπωσε τη γνώμη σημαντικών Εταίρων σχετικά με την ικανότητα του συστήματος ΔΥ στην εκπλήρωση των αρχών της πολιτικής. Καθώς η έρευνα διεξήχθη κατά την περίοδο της πανδημίας του COVID-19, κρίθηκε σκόπιμη η συμπερίληψη ερωτήσεων που αφορούσαν τα μέτρα αντιμετώπισής της. Την άρρηκτη σύνδεση μεταξύ της σχεδιαστικής τεχνοτροπίας και της διαδικασίας υλοποίησης τεκμαίρουν τα ευρήματα της ποσοτικής έρευνας καθώς αναδεικνύεται μία ιατροκεντρική προσέγγιση της ΔΥ ενώ η διατήρηση καίριων ζητημάτων όπως στελέχωση, χρηματοδότηση και διοίκηση υποδεικνύουν ότι οι καινοτόμες θεσμικές παρεμβάσεις δεν οδηγούν σε μεταβολή των κυρίαρχων αντιλήψεων. Τα ευρήματα συνεισφέρουν στη μελέτη της πολιτικής Δημόσιας Υγείας στην Ελλάδα και στην εφαρμογή του ΥΠΡ σε υποσυστήματα με θεσμική ρευστότητα.
Asymptotics of Reinforcement Learning with Neural Networks
Authors: Sirignano Justin , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos
Published: November 2021

We prove that a single-layer neural network trained with the Q-learning algorithm converges in distribution to a random ordinary differential equation as the size of the model and the number of training steps become large. Analysis of the limit differential equation shows that it has a unique stationary solution that is the solution of the Bellman equation, thus giving the optimal control for the problem. In addition, we study the convergence of the limit differential equation to the stationary solution. As a by-product of our analysis, we obtain the limiting behavior of single-layer neural networks when trained on independent and identically distributed data with stochastic gradient descent under the widely used Xavier initialization.
Metodologias virtuosas e plausíveis: situando Hasok Chang no debate sobre os valores na ciência.
Authors: Pinheiro Félix Flores
Published: November 2021

A constituição axiológica da ciência é um tema clássico na literatura que tem sido enriquecido por praticantes de distintas science studies. Dentre esses praticantes e ao seu modo, Hasok Chang defende um pluralismo epistemológico baseado nas atividades científicas. Tal pluralismo versa sobre as virtudes epistêmicas enquanto finalidades das práticas científicas. Ao fazê-lo, Chang traz insights para as discussões sobre os valores na ciência, ao mesmo tempo em que a complexidade do seu projeto torne difícil compreender exatamente em que sentido ele se posiciona nesses debates. Este artigo esboça alguns sentidos em que a abordagem que Chang tem formulado pode ser situada no campo.
As relações (positivas) entre realismo, construção, valores e ciência
Authors: Videira Antonio Augusto Passos
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo analisa e discute a tese de que a realidade investigada pela ciência é uma construção, decorrente de uma prática a qual se dedicam, de forma apaixonada e teimosa, muitos seres humanos. A defesa de que a ciência é uma construção leva ao abandono de outra e geral, aceita como uma consequência “lógica” daquela e conhecida pela expressão ‘neutralidade científica -, o que não implica a diminuição da sua relevância. Ao contrário. Para a realização da análise e da discussão propostas, eu recorro à história da ciência e à filosofia da ciência a fim de defender que as recentes descrições da prática cientifica, em geral mais ricas, complexas e fidedignas do que as antigas, impossibilitam a manutenção na crença da validade do chamado realismo ingênuo, o qual foi percebido pelos cientistas como a base da crença no valor da ciência.
CIÊNCIA E DOMÍNIO DA NATUREZA: LIÇÕES DE UM LIVRO CLÁSSICO
Authors: Cupani Alberto Oscar
Published: November 2021

A atual pandemia, em que um vírus pôs em xeque a vida humana planetária sem que haja de momento vacina nem remédio seguro, mostrou que a Natureza não está dominada pela ciência e a tecnologia. A nossa situação parece reproduzir, em escala mundial, a catástrofe da Peste Negra, desmentindo a confiança (compartilhada tanto por intelectuais quanto por cidadãos comuns dos países industrializados) em que os recursos da civilização evitariam ou neutralizariam qualquer ameaça proveniente das forças naturais. A existência do homem ficaria à mercê apenas (!) das forças destrutivas de suas próprias criações (como em uma guerra nuclear) ou das consequências da sua atividade produtiva desenfreada (isto é, na alteração nociva do meio ambiente). A Natureza, após trezentos anos de pesquisa e manipulação, estaria completamente sob controle dos animais racionais.[alterar]
ESTABILIDADE HOLÍSTICA, AXIOLÓGICA E ONTOLÓGICA E A ESCOLHA DE TEORIAS
Authors: Da Silva Marcos Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

uma das qualidades atribuídas ao conhecimento científico é a de que esse conhecimento é eliminativo; ou seja: quando se procura explicar um fenômeno, várias alternativas são apresentadas por vários cientistas; a hipótese que explicar o fenômeno de modo superior às hipóteses rivais é considerada tanto a melhor explicação quanto a explicação verdadeira; esta concepção eliminativista possui um pressuposto: as hipóteses rivais compartilham o fenômeno a ser explicado; o objetivo deste artigo é o de questionar esse pressuposto.
Filosofia da química e dos materiais: entrevista com Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
Authors: Bensaude Vincent Bernadette , Mocellin Ronei Clécio
Published: November 2021

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, professora emérita da Universidade de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, é historiadora e filósofa das ciências. Além de mais de uma centena de artigos publicados em periódicos científicos e como capítulos de livros coletivos, suas principais obras são: Histoire de la chimie[1], em colaboração com Isabelle Stengers (La Découverte, 1993), La science populaire dans la presse et l’édition, em colaboração com Anne Rasmussen (CNRS Editions, 1997), Lavoisier. Mémoires d’une révolution (Flammarion, 1998), Eloge du mixte. Matériaux nouveaux et philosophie ancienne (Hachette, 1998), Faut-il avoir peur de la chimie? (Les Empêcheurs de penser en ronde, 2005), Matière à penser. Essais d’histoire et de philosophie de la chimie (Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest, 2008), Chemistry, the impure Science em colaboração com Jonathan Simon (Imperial College Press, 2008), Les vertiges de la technoscience. Façonner le monde atome par atome[2] (La Découverte, 2009), Fabriquer la vie. Où va la biologie de synthèse? em colaboração com Dorothée Benoit-Browaeys (Seuil, 2011), Carbone. Ses vies, ses oeuvres em colaboração com Sacha Loeve (Seuil, 2018), e Philosophie de la chimie, obra coletiva organizada com Richard-Emmanuel Eastes (deBoeck, 2020).[1] História da química. Tradução de Raquel Gouveia. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget, 1996.[2] As vertigens da tecnociência. Tradução de José Luiz Cazarotto. São Paulo: Ideias & Letras, 2013.
Valor da ciência, defesa do conhecimento e Perspectival Realism: Entrevista com Michela Massimi
Authors: Massimi Michela , Da Silva Vinicius Carvallho , Gurgel Ivã , Moraca Ronaldo
Published: November 2021

Michela Massimi é professora de Filosofia da Ciência no Departamento de Filosofia da Universidade de Edimburgo, onde também é afiliada ao  Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics. Membro de importantes sociedades filosóficas e científicas, como a Royal Society of Edinburgh, a Royal Astronomical Society, e a Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences (membro correspondente) é presidente eleita da PSA, Philosophy of Science Association, para o biênio 2023-2024. Massimi, com dupla nacionalidade, italiana e britânica, estudou na Sapienza Università di Roma, na London School of Economics, e lecionou História e Filosofia da Ciência na University College London antes de mudar-se para Edimburgo. Massimi trabalha com Filosofia da Ciência em uma abordagem marcada pelo recurso à pesquisa histórica. Seus interesses amplos abarcam a Filosofia da Cosmologia, o realismo científico, os estudos de ciências, as relações entre ciência e sociedade, entre outros tópicos. Tem se destacado por defender o que chama de Perspectival Realism, se afastando tanto do realismo tradicional, quanto do pragmatismo e do relativismo. Nessa entrevista dialogamos com Massimi sobre temas como o valor da ciência, a defesa da ciência em épocas de negacionismo e obscurantismo e as características de sua posição filosófica.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: IMPACTO NA APRENDIZAGEM DOS PROFESSORES E DOS ALUNOS DA REDE PÚBLICA ESTADUAL DE UBERABA
Authors: Silva Rafaela Mariane Sousa Nunes
Published: November 2021

Resumo: Este artigo é fruto de um recorte de uma dissertação de Mestrado, que buscou identificar o impacto da formação continuada na aprendizagem dos professores e dos alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede pública estadual de Uberaba-MG, por meio da triangulação das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo. A análise dos dados realizou-se com auxílio do software Microsoft Excel, que permitiu uma aproximação do impacto da formação continuada na aprendizagem dos docentes atuantes nos anos iniciais dessa rede de ensino e dos alunos. Constatou-se inúmeras insatisfações dos sujeitos da pesquisa no que tange a suas formações continuadas, assim como, pouco impacto dessas na aprendizagem dos professores e dos alunos. A pesquisa aspira a contribuir com a melhoria das propostas da rede estadual de ensino de Uberaba-MG para a formação continuada dos professores e, em consequência, a melhora da qualidade da educação no município. Os resultados da pesquisa possuem um caráter fundamental para formulação de futuras políticas para formação de professores e podem servir de ponto de partida para a implementação de estratégias e ações nesse importante campo do conhecimento.Palavras-chaves: Educação Básica. Impacto. Aprendizagem. Formação. Continuada.Abstract: This article is the result of an excerpt from a Master's dissertation, which sought to identify the impact of continuing education on the learning of teachers and students in the early years of elementary school in the state public network of Uberaba-MG, through the triangulation of bibliographic research, documentary and field. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of Microsoft Excel software, which allowed us to approximate the impact of continuing education on the learning of teachers working in the early years of this teaching network and students. There were numerous dissatisfactions of the research subjects with regard to their continuing education, as well as little impact on the learning of teachers and students. The research aspires to contribute to the improvement of the proposals of the state education system in Uberaba, MG, for the continuing education of teachers and, as a consequence, to improve the quality of education in the municipality. The research results have a fundamental character for the formulation of future policies for teacher education and can serve as a starting point for the implementation of strategies and actions in this important field of knowledge.Keywords: Basic education. Impact. Learning. Continuing. Formation.
Nísia Floresta e o pioneirismo “invisível” do feminismo brasileiro
Authors: Mendonça Amanda , Martins Luciana
Published: November 2021

Em um Rio de Janeiro oitocentista, sob a égide de uma sociedade patriarcal, os principais papéis desempenhados pelas mulheres eram os de mãe e dona-de-casa. Naquela realidade, no entanto, uma figura chamada Nísia Floresta ousou contrariar esta lógica predominante. Seu trabalho e sua militância em defesa dos direitos das mulheres foram pioneiros no Brasil. Sua luta abriu vias para que hoje nós mulheres possamos estar em sala de aula, pesquisando, publicando em periódicos científicos e debatendo a atualidade de seus pensamentos. Contudo, sua trajetória e toda sua contribuição pioneira intelectualmente e na militância ainda é pouco divulgada. Assim, buscamos com este artigo, através de revisão bibliográfica, resgatar uma parte da história desta pioneira “invisível” do feminismo no Brasil.
Entre trayectorias: para uma historia reciente del profesorado em letras desde um abordaje de género
Authors: Sardi Valeria
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo analizaremos un corpus de autoentrevistas que forman parte del proyecto de investigación “La formación docente en Letras desde una perspectiva de género: ¿una deuda pendiente?” que desarrollamos en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Género del Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Nos interesa indagar en cómo se configuran las trayectorias formativas en el profesorado en Letras universitario en relación con las dimensiones sexo-genéricas, generacionales y biográficas; qué continuidades y rupturas se configuran en términos colectivos para construir una historia reciente de nuestra carrera desde un abordaje de género.
Memórias de Marta de Julia Lopes de Almeida: uma narradora burguesa num contexto de exclusão social
Authors: Pessoa Eurídice Hespanhol Macedo
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como principal interesse apresentar o romance Memórias de Marta de Julia Lopes de Almeida, editado como livro pela primeira vez em 1899. Trata-se de um romance narrado por uma mulher em primeira pessoa, ambientado num típico cortiço, moradia popular dos finais do século XIX na cidade do rio de janeiro, Brasil. Junto a leitura, foram feitas análises da construção dos enunciados que deram origem ao romance, com base na análise do discurso em Bakhtin, vasculhando as entrelinhas interpretativas com auxílio do paradigma indiciário de Ginzburg, busca-se encontrar pistas que nos mostrem na perspectiva do protagonismo feminino as questões de gênero, raça, classe e formação educacional. A pesquisa objetiva colaborar para a história das mulheres e seus possíveis desdobramentos.
Cenas escolares entre a negação da diferença e a disciplinarização dos corpos: uma análise foucaultiana das relações escolares
Authors: Pulcino Rachel , Esteves Pâmela
Published: November 2021

O conflito, a diferença e a disciplinarização dos corpos são temas deste artigo. Percorremos, seguindo uma inspiração foucaultiana, duas cenas escolares que retratam situações de conflitos no espaço escolar. Nossas cenas foram coletadas em duas escolas públicas situadas na zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Na primeira cena, analisamos a reação e a fala da equipe de gestão da escola ao receberem uma proposta de pesquisa. E, na segunda, interpretamos uma situação de conflito que tem como protagonistas principais um aluno identificado como homossexual, e um inspetor. Com essas cenas, nos propomos a pensar as relações e as produções de subjetividades no espaço escolar, a partir do referencial foucaultiano.
Crip Camp e a educação especial e inclusiva sob rasura
Authors: Melo Júnior Antônio Ferreira de , Melo Francisco Ricardo Lins Vieira de
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre três aspectos do filme Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution e a Educação Especial e Inclusiva enquanto produção de rasuras. Partindo da desconstrução derridiana, circunscreve esses dois polos numa cena de escritura para explicitar as dyferenças (différances) entre eles e as rasuras por eles feitas. Discute o novo humanismo, a narrativa fílmica como encontro sexual, a lei como elemento teleológico e como o conceito de deficiência se relaciona com os de inclusão e acessibilidade. Mostra as rasuras como locais de reflexão para a Educação Especial e Inclusiva. Conclui apontando o papel de pesquisas com o viés pós-colonial e a possibilidade de emergência de campos do saber à luz da diversidade de deficiências.
Foucault, neoliberalismo e educação: uma análise das práticas de memorização no ensino de matemática
Authors: Sartori Alice Stephanie Tapia , Duarte Claudia Glavam
Published: November 2021

Este artigo aborda algumas ressonâncias do pensamento do filósofo Michel Foucault no campo educativo, especificamente na Educação Matemática, a partir de um recorte de uma Tese de doutorado que teve como problema de pesquisa a seguinte questão: Como as práticas de memorização na Educação Matemática foram sendo reconfiguradas nos discursos da Revista Nova Escola? As ferramentas metodológicas utilizadas advêm da análise do discurso na perspectiva foucaultiana, lentes com as quais analisamos exemplares desta Revista publicados entre 1986 e 2015. Constatamos que, ao negarem a memorização mecanizada, as reportagens enfatizam a formação de um aluno crítico, criativo, autônomo e empreendedor de si, características necessárias ao sujeito constituído na lógica do neoliberalismo.
O perfume da Rosa Benedita
Authors: Souza Emanuelle Carine da Silva
Published: November 2021

No artigo em questão, o qual eu defino de modo particular como um relato poético de experiência, apresento a história de Benedita Rosa, mulher preta, quilombola, professora, e mestra, que encontrou na educação um caminho para lutar por sua comunidade e oferecer melhores estratégias para vencer o racismo estrutural, que tanto paralisa a população negra e os acessos á condições melhores de vida. Utilizei de informações passadas pela própria Benedita, bem como uma entrevista sua dada a rede social do Museu de Arte Sacra de Mato Grosso.
Incidental curiosity and consumer intention to obtain unknown information: Implications for new product adoption and self-tracking behaviour
Authors: Jin Daoyan , Halvari Hallgeir , Maehle Natalia , Niemiec Christopher P.
Published: November 2021

Curiosity has a powerful influence on consumer behaviour, and previous research has tended to focus on how curiosity affects the desire to obtain curiosity-relevant, unknown information. Yet an interesting question, which was the focus of the present research, concerns the effect of
incidental curiosity on intention to obtain curiosity-irrelevant, unknown information. A set of three experiments provided systematic support for the hypotheses that incidental curiosity will increase the intention to obtain curiosity-irrelevant, unknown information (both product-related and
self-related) in a way that is serially mediated by the perceived value of curiosity-relevant, unknown information and the perceived value of curiosity-irrelevant, unknown information. As such, this research offers important theoretical contributions to the literatures on curiosity and information
ignorance, and it has implications for new product adoption and self-tracking behaviour.
Partially coherent beam smoothing using a microlens array
Authors: Meng Jingjing , He Jianguo , Huang Min , Li Yang , Mo Zeqiang , Dai Shoujun , Liu Yang
Published: November 2021

The main issue in applying a microlens array as a beam homogenizer is the high intensity contrast resulting from the periodic structure. We present a practical solution to eliminate speckle patterns by using a diffuser that can convert a coherent source into a Gaussian Schell source with an adjustable coherence length. Based on numerical simulation and experimental results, the microlens should have the Fresnel number above 15, a large pitch when the target plane is fixed, and an appropriate D/σf ratio to obtain a spot with high uniformity. Moreover, a slight defocus of the observation surface within the range of ±1mm has a negligible effect on the uniformity of shaped spots the homogenized spot. Finally, the applications of the findings are presented.
Inequality of gender, age and disabilities due to leprosy and trends in a hyperendemic metropolis: Evidence from an eleven-year time series study in Central-West Brazil
Authors: Martoreli Júnior José Francisco , Ramos Antônio Carlos Vieira , Alves Josilene Dalia , Crispim Juliane de Almeida , Alves Luana Seles , Berra Thaís Zamboni , Barbosa Tatiana Pestana , Costa Fernanda Bruzadelli Paulino da , Alves Yan Mathias , Santos Márcio Souza dos , Gomes Dulce , Yamamura Mellina , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Fuentealba-Torres Miguel Angel , Nunes Carla , Pieri Flavia Meneguetti , Arcoverde Marcos Augusto Moraes , Santos Felipe Lima dos , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of leprosy (Hansen’s Disease), in a hyperendemic metropolis in the Central-West region of Brazil. We studied trends over eleven years, both in the detection of the disease and in disabilities, analyzing disparities and/or differences regarding gender and age. This is an ecological time series study conducted in Cuiabá, capital of the state of Mato Grosso. The population consisted of patients diagnosed with leprosy between the years 2008 and 2018. The time series of leprosy cases was used, stratifying it according to gender (male and female), disability grade (G0D, G1D, G2D, and not evaluated) and age. The calendar adjustment technique was applied. For modeling the trends, the Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) was used. We identified 9.739 diagnosed cases, in which 58.37% were male and 87.55% aged between 15 and 59 years. Regarding detection according to gender, there was a decrease among women and an increase in men. The study shows an increasing trend in disabilities in both genders, which may be related to the delay in diagnosis. There was also an increasing number of cases that were not assessed for disability at the time of diagnosis, which denotes the quality of the services.
Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces parasitic cardiac load by decreasing inflammation in a murine model of early chronic Chagas disease
Authors: Carrillo Ileana , Rabelo Rayane Aparecida Nonato , Barbosa César , Rates Mariana , Fuentes-Retamal Sebastián , González-Herrera Fabiola , Guzmán-Rivera Daniela , Quintero Helena , Kemmerling Ulrike , Castillo Christian , Machado Fabiana S. , Díaz-Araya Guillermo , Maya Juan D.
Published: November 2021

Background

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoanTrypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and is widely distributed worldwide because of migration. In 30% of cases, after years of infection and in the absence of treatment, the disease progresses from an acute asymptomatic phase to a chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure and death. An inadequate balance in the inflammatory response is involved in the progression of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Current therapeutic strategies cannot prevent or reverse the heart damage caused by the parasite. Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a pro-resolving mediator of inflammation that acts through N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). AT-RvD1 participates in the modification of cytokine production, inhibition of leukocyte recruitment and efferocytosis, macrophage switching to a nonphlogistic phenotype, and the promotion of healing, thus restoring organ function. In the present study, AT-RvD1 is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent to regulate the pro-inflammatory state during the early chronic phase of Chagas disease.

Methodology/Principal findings

C57BL/6 wild-type and FPR2 knock-out mice chronically infected withT.cruziwere treated for 20 days with 5 μg/kg/day AT-RvD1, 30 mg/kg/day benznidazole, or the combination of 5 μg/kg/day AT-RvD1 and 5 mg/kg/day benznidazole. At the end of treatment, changes in immune response, cardiac tissue damage, and parasite load were evaluated. The administration of AT-RvD1 in the early chronic phase ofT.cruziinfection regulated the inflammatory response both at the systemic level and in the cardiac tissue, and it reduced cellular infiltrates, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and the parasite load in the heart tissue.

Conclusions/Significance

AT-RvD1 was shown to be an attractive therapeutic due to its regulatory effect on the inflammatory response at the cardiac level and its ability to reduce the parasite load during early chronicT.cruziinfection, thereby preventing the chronic cardiac damage induced by the parasite.
Context, mechanisms and outcomes of dementia special care units: An initial programme theory based on realist methodology
Authors: Palm Rebecca , Fahsold Anne , Roes Martina , Holle Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Background

Dementia special care units represent a widely implemented care model in nursing homes. Their benefits must be thoroughly evaluated given the risk of exclusion and stigma. The aim of this study is to present an initial programme theory that follows the principles of realist methodology. The theory development was guided by the question of the mechanisms at play in the context of dementia special care units to produce or influence outcomes of interest in people with dementia.

Methods

The initial programme theory is based on qualitative interviews with dementia special care stakeholders in Germany and a realist review of complex interventions in dementia special care units. The interviews were analysed using content analysis techniques. For the realist review, a systematic literature search was conducted in four scientific databases; studies were appraised for quality and relevance. All data were analysed independently by two researchers. A realist informed logic model was developed, and context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations were described.

Results

We reviewed 16 empirical studies and interviewed 16 stakeholders. In the interviews, contextual factors at the system, organisation and individual levels that influence the provision of care in dementia special care units were discussed. The interviewees described the following four interventions typical of dementia special care units: adaptation to the environment, family and public involvement, provision of activities and behaviour management. With exception of family and public involvement, these interventions were the focus of the reviewed studies. The outcomes of interest of stakeholders include responsive behaviour and quality of life, which were also investigated in the empirical studies. By combining data from interviews and a realist review, we framed three CMO configurations relevant to environment, activity, and behaviour management.

Discussion

As important contextual factors of dementia special care units, we discuss the transparency of policies to regulate dementia care, segregation and admission policies, purposeful recruitment and education of staff and a good fit between residents and their environment.
Design of a BIST implemented AES crypto-processor ASIC
Authors: Ali Md. Liakot , Rahman Md. Shazzatur , Hossain Fakir Sharif
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the design of a Built-in-self-Test (BIST) implemented Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptoprocessor Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). AES has been proved as the strongest symmetric encryption algorithm declared by USA Govt. and it outperforms all other existing cryptographic algorithms. Its hardware implementation offers much higher speed and physical security than that of its software implementation. Due to this reason, a number of AES cryptoprocessor ASIC have been presented in the literature, but the problem of testability in the complex AES chip is not addressed yet. This research introduces a solution to the problem for the AES cryptoprocessor ASIC implementing mixed-mode BIST technique, a hybrid of pseudo-random and deterministic techniques. The BIST implemented ASIC is designed using IEEE industry standard Hardware Description Language(HDL). It has been simulated using Electronic Design Automation (EDA)tools for verification and validation using the input-output data from the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) of the USA Govt. The simulation results show that the design is working as per desired functionalities in different modes of operation of the ASIC. The current research is compared with those of other researchers, and it shows that it is unique in terms of BIST implementation into the ASIC chip.
How collective reward structure impedes group decision making: An experimental study using the HoneyComb paradigm
Authors: Ritter Marie , Wang Meng , Pritz Johannes , Menssen Olaf , Boos Margarete
Published: November 2021

This study investigates if and under which conditions humans are able to identify and follow the most advantageous leader who will them provide with the most resources. In an iterated economic game with the aim of earning monetary reward, 150 participants were asked to repeatedly choose one out of four leaders. Unbeknownst to participants, the leaders were computer-controlled and programmed to yield different expected payout values that participants had to infer from repeated interaction over 30 rounds. Additionally, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: single, independent, or cohesion. The conditions were designed to investigate the ideal circumstances that lead to identifying the most advantageous leader: when participants are alone (single condition), in a group that lets individuals sample information about leaders independently (independent condition), or in a group that is rewarded for cohesive behavior (cohesion condition). Our results show that participants are generally able to identify the most advantageous leader. However, participants who were incentivized to act cohesively in a group were more likely to settle on a less advantageous leader. This suggests that cohesion might have a detrimental effect on group decision making. To test the validity of this finding, we explore possible explanations for this pattern, such as the length of exploration and exploitation phases, and present techniques to check for confounding factors in group experiments in order to identify or exclude them as alternative explanations. Finally, we show that the chosen reward structure of the game strongly affects the observed following behavior in the group and possibly occludes other effects. We conclude with a recommendation to carefully choose reward structures and evaluate possible alternative explanations in experimental group research that should further pursue the study of exploration/exploitation phases and the influence of group cohesion on group decision making as promising topics for further research.
Fashion-forward killer: Villanelle, costuming and queer style in Killing Eve
Authors: Gilligan Sarah , Collins Jacky
Published: November 2021

Costuming within the BBC television drama series Killing Eve (2018–) functions as a spectacular dressing-up box to support the representation of Villanelle (Jodie Comer) as the glamorous globe-trotting assassin. This article will argue that Villanelle’s fashion-forward wardrobe offers a multifarious representation of contemporary queer styling. Her costuming is characterized by gender fluidity and a play with the dominant codes and signifiers of lesbian style and identity. Villanelle’s looks move beyond the stereotyped constraints of the butch-femme binary to construct a polymorphous representation of femininity with broad cross-over appeal. In offering a striking silhouette that draws attention away from the material body onto costuming, Villanelle’s representation highlights the fluidity of gendered and sexual identities. Her costuming may appear to reduce Villanelle to a series of surface appearances, yet these iterations result in a significant queer representation on mainstream contemporary television.
From research to practice: The talking frocks1
Authors: Harper Sue
Published: November 2021

This article reviews my academic research on costume design in film, and introduces a number of my short stories on dress and adornment. The article argues that research and creative work are more closely allied than is often thought, and that they can share approaches, methods and discourses.
Libertine Fashion: Sexual Freedom, Rebellion and Style, Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas (2020)
Authors: Gilligan Sarah
Published: November 2021

Review of: Libertine Fashion: Sexual Freedom, Rebellion and Style, Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas (2020)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts (Dress, Body, Culture series), 256 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35005-407-3, p/bk, h/bk, eBook, £24.99
Efficacy of Dipterocarpus alatus oil combination with Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarps against canine demodicosis
Authors: Artchayasawat Atchara , Boueroy Parichart , Boonmars Thidarut , Pumhirunroj Benjamabhorn , Sriraj Pranee , Aukkanimart Ratchadawan , Boonjaraspinyo Sirintip , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Ratanasuwan Panaratana , Suwannatrai Apiporn , Eamudomkarn Chatanun , Laummaunwai Porntip , Zhiliang Wu
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Canine demodicosis is a skin disease that is a major global health problem in dogs. Ivermectin is a drug of choice for treatment, but it may cause toxicity in dogs carrying multidrug resistance mutation-1 gene mutations. Hence, alternative herbal medicines are used instead of the drug, such as Dipterocarpus alatus oil (YN oil), Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf (WC), and Garcinia mangostana pericarps (MG) extracts. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of D. alatus oil, R. nasutus leaf, and G. mangostana pericarp extracts on canine demodicosis in vivo. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five mixed-breed dogs with localized demodicosis were examined. Dogs were diagnosed with demodicosis through deep skin scraping and screened with the inclusion criteria. Five dogs of each group were treated in five treatment groups (ivermectin, YN oil, YN oil+WC, YN oil+MG, and YN oil+WC+MG) for 1 month. The individual dogs were clinically evaluated, and the dermatological lesions were monitored daily for 60 days. Results: Dermatological lesion improvement was predominantly observed in the group of dogs treated with YN oil+WC. This was evidenced by the disappearance of the hyperpigmentation and lichenification on day 28 post-treatment and alopecia on day 56 post-treatment. Moreover, no allergic or clinical signs were observed during treatment. Conclusion: YN oil+WC is an alternative herbal medicine that could be used for the treatment of localized canine demodicosis.
Freedom Seekers: Escaping from Slavery in Restoration London
Authors: Newman Simon
Published: November 2021

'Freedom Seekers: Escaping from Slavery in Restoration London' reveals the hidden stories of enslaved and bound people who attempted to escape from captivity in England’s capital. In 1655 White Londoners began advertising in the English-speaking world’s first newspapers for enslaved people who had escaped. Based on the advertisements placed in these newspapers by masters and enslavers offering rewards for so-called runaways, this book brings to light for the first time the history of slavery in England as revealed in the stories of resistance by enslaved workers. Featuring a series of case-studies of individual "freedom-seekers", this book explores the nature and significance of escape attempts as well as detailing the likely routes and networks they would take to gain their freedom. The book demonstrates that not only were enslaved people present in Restoration London but that White Londoners of this era were intimately involved in the construction of the system of racial slavery, a process that traditionally has been regarded as happening in the colonies rather than the British Isles. An unmissable and important book that seeks to delve into Britain’s colonial past.
The Use of Metabolomic Tool in Assessing Environmental Exposure
Authors: Mendes Michele Polyana Rocha , Andre Leiliane Coelho
Published: November 2021

The impact of the environment on the development of non-communicable chronic diseases has gained prominence in recent years. In this context, a new chemical exposure assessment strategy is needed that is capable of revealing multiple exposures, as well as reflecting the cumulative interaction between such environmental contaminants in the biological system. From this perspective, metabolomics emerges as a promising tool in this field of knowledge, since it is able to identify changes in metabolism and/or gene expression resulting from exposure to environmental factors. The aim of this study was to describe important concepts, as well as the steps that permeate the metabolomics analysis, and also to present some relevant works with the application of metabolomics in the assessment of chemical exposure. A literature review showed a significant increase in the use of metabolomics in environmental toxicology in recent years. This increase is mainly due to advances in analytical techniques and the improvement of data processing tools. However, this field of investigation remains little explored, especially with regard to the study of toxicity associated with chronic exposure to low levels of chemical agents. Thus, it is urgent that omic biomarkers can be used as a tool for decision-making, especially with a view to protecting, diagnosing and recovering human health.
Editorial
Authors: Carlyle Serian
Published: November 2021

Editorial introduction for the Summer 2021 issue of Slovo journal, written by Editor-in-Chief Serian Carlyle.