bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive EC-GPR: a hybrid torque prediction model for mobile robots with unknown terrain disturbances
Authors: Kang Yiting , Xue Biao , Wei Jianshu , Zeng Riya , Yan Mengbo , Li Fei
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The accurate prediction of driving torque demand is essential for the development of motion controllers for mobile robots on complex terrains. This paper aims to propose a hybrid model of torque prediction, adaptive EC-GPR, for mobile robots to address the problem of estimating the required driving torque with unknown terrain disturbances.

Design/methodology/approach

An error compensation (EC) framework is used, and the preliminary prediction driving torque value is achieved using Gaussian process regression (GPR). The error is predicted using a continuous hidden Markov model to generate compensation for the prediction residual caused by terrain disturbances and uncertainties. As the final step, a gain coefficient is used to adaptively tune the significance of the compensation term through parameter resetting. The proposed model is verified on a sample set, including the driving torque of a mobile robot on three different sandy terrains with two driving modes.

Findings

The results show that the adaptive EC-GPR yields the highest prediction accuracy when compared with existing methods.

Originality/value

It is demonstrated that the proposed model can predict the driving torque accurately for mobile robots in an unconstructed environment without terrain identification.
Robustness multi-objective optimization for parallel robot based on subregional meta-heuristic iteration
Authors: Tao Mingzhe , Xu Jinghua , Zhang Shuyou , Tan Jianrong
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This work aims to provide a rapid robust optimization design solution for parallel robots or mechanisms, thereby circumventing inefficiencies and wastage caused by empirical design, as well as numerous physical verifications, which can be employed for creating high-quality prototypes of parallel robots in a variety of applications.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel subregional meta-heuristic iteration (SMI) method is proposed for the optimization of parallel robots. Multiple subregional optimization objectives are established and optimization is achieved through the utilisation of an enhanced meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which roughly employs chaotic mapping in the initialization strategy to augment the diversity of the initial solution. The non-dominated sorting method is utilised for updating strategies, thereby achieving multi-objective optimization.

Findings

The actuator error under the same trajectory is visibly reduced after SMI, with a maximum reduction of 6.81% and an average reduction of 1.46%. Meanwhile, the response speed, maximum bearing capacity and stiffness of the mechanism are enhanced by 63.83, 43.98 and 97.51%, respectively. The optimized mechanism is more robust and the optimization process is efficient.

Originality/value

The proposed robustness multi-objective optimization via SMI is more effective in improving the performance and precision of the parallel mechanisms in various applications. Furthermore, it provides a solution for the rapid and high-quality optimization design of parallel robots.
COVID-19 impacts and mental health of auxiliary police: the moderating role of supervisor procedural justice
Authors: Sun Rui , Han Ziqiang
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and auxiliary police officers’ mental health as well as the moderating role of supervisor procedural justice.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the role theory and a police officer survey from China, this quantitative study investigates the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and mental health status among auxiliary police, a rarely examined police type. We also examine the moderating role of supervisor procedural justice.

Findings

Auxiliary police officers reported both negative and positive impacts from COVID-19, while the negative impacts were mainly in the work domain, but the positive impacts were primarily in the life area. OLS regression results indicate that negative impacts, especially work-related negative impacts, are significantly related to depression and anxiety, and supervisor procedural justice moderates the relationship between positive impacts and depression and anxiety.

Originality/value

Firstly, we adopted the role theory to examine how public health emergencies affect police officers in their work and life domains. Secondly, we advance the organizational justice literature by assessing whether supervisor procedural justice can moderate the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and their mental health. Thirdly, this research extends the literature on depression and anxiety of auxiliary police officers in China, who attracted less attention in current literature and policies.
Asymmetrical predation intensity produces divergent antipredator behaviours in primary and secondary prey
Authors: Kuntze Corbin C. , Peery M. Zachariah , Pauli Jonathan N.
Published: August 2024

It is widely recognized that predators can influence prey through both direct consumption and by inducing costly antipredator behaviours, the latter of which can produce nonconsumptive effects that cascade through trophic systems. Yet, determining how particular prey manage risk in natural settings remains challenging as empirical studies disproportionately focus on single predator–prey dyads.

Here, we contrast foraging strategies within the context of a primary and secondary prey to explore how antipredator behaviours emerge as a product of predation intensity as well as the setting in which an encounter takes place.

We studied the effects of spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) on two species experiencing asymmetrical risk: dusky‐footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes; primary prey) and deer mice (Peromyscus spp.; alternative prey). Woodrats are most abundant within young forests, but predominantly captured by owls foraging within mature forests; in contrast, deer mice occur in high densities across forest types and seral stages and are consumed at lower per‐capita rates overall. We deployed experimental foraging patches within areas of high and low spotted owl activity, created artificial risky and safe refuge treatments, and monitored behaviour throughout the entirety of prey foraging bouts.

Woodrats were more vigilant and foraged less within mature forests and at riskier patches, although the effect of refuge treatment was contingent upon forest type. In contrast, deer mice only demonstrated consistent behavioural responses to riskier refuge treatments; forest type had little effect on perceived risk or the relative importance of refuge treatment. Thus, habitat can interact with predator activity to structure antipredator responses differently for primary versus secondary prey.

Our findings show that asymmetrical predation can modulate both the magnitude of perceived risk and the strategies used to manage it, thus highlighting an important and understudied contingency in risk effects research. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of predation through the paradigm of primary and secondary prey may improve our understanding of how nonconsumptive effects can extend to population‐ and community‐level responses.
Classification of select functional dietary fiber ingredients based on quantitative properties and latent qualitative criteria
Authors: Wagner Caleb E. , Richter Jana K. , Ikuse Marina , Ganjyal Girish M.
Published: August 2024

Functional dietary fiber ingredient (FDFI) functionality can depend on the fibers’ chemistry, composition, size, botanical origin, and microstructure. However, such claims have never been generalized for a broad range of fibers in one study before. To support these claims, 23 FDFI were characterized based on 11 physicochemical, physical, and compositional property measurements: Water‐ and oil‐holding capacity (WHC and OHC), water absorption and solubility indices (WAI and WSI), flour‐swelling potential (FSP), particle size distribution (D10, D50, and D90 values), and soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber content. Multivariate statistical techniques were employed to partition fiber ingredients into functional categories based on these quantitative data, and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the FDFI. Strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found among many of the physicochemical properties measured, and five categories based on quantitative physicochemical functionality, size, and fiber composition were ultimately found. Distinct patterns emerged between these quantitative partitions and the latent microstructure features and botanical origins of the FDFI. These results can be combined into one intuitive summary of FDFI functionality based on the described quantitative and qualitative observations. Such summaries are useful for ingredient suppliers or product developers with limited resources to infer the general functionality, structure, and food applications utility of their materials based on a subset of the information provided here.

Practical Application

The quantitative and qualitative relationships among a range of commercially available functional dietary fiber ingredients are documented. Industry may utilize this information to predict the general functionality of their ingredients based on a subset of the information provided here by assuming that the same relative relationships will exist. This can save time during the ingredient screening process, either for product developers looking to optimize a formulation or for ingredient suppliers doing new ingredient applications testing.
Idiosyncratic risk disclosure of IPO firms and institutional investors' withdrawals
Authors: He Xiqiong , Yang Tonglin , Liu Hao , Wu Xiaowei
Published: August 2024

Using data from 2226 IPO firms over the 2007–2020 period, this study investigates whether and how the idiosyncratic risk disclosure of IPO firms impacts institutional investor behaviour. The findings suggest that institutional investors are more likely to withdraw their share subscriptions when IPO companies disclose less idiosyncratic risk information. The heterogeneous effect of idiosyncratic risk disclosure is explored, revealing that this negative effect is significantly pronounced for non‐SOEs. Additionally, the divergence in bidding among institutions is less pronounced when issuers disclose more idiosyncratic risk information. Furthermore, companies with fewer idiosyncrasies of risk information exhibit poorer long‐term post‐IPO performance.
The Foraminal Indices of the Rat Scapula
Authors: Turker Yavas Firuze , Coskun Umut
Published: August 2024

The nutritive arteries of bones may be injured due to fracture or surgical procedures. Therefore, there are some studies focused on the location of the nutrient foramen (NF) of bones. Rats are the most preferred animals in experimental studies. The purpose of this study is to expose the locational variations of the NF on the rat (Sprague Dawley) scapula. A total of 60 adult rat scapulae (from 16 male and 14 female rats) were used. The diameters of NFs were measured. The length, width, and distances of the NF to the proximal and cranial edges were measured. Foraminal indices were also calculated. It was determined that the average number of NF per scapula was 1.8. The location of the NFs was 52% on the medial aspect and 48% on the lateral aspect. On the medial aspect of the scapula, NFs were frequently found ventrally, on the neck region of the scapula. Laterally, 40 NFs were found in the ventral region of the infraspinatus fossa and only 12 in the ventral region of the supraspinatus fossa. Longitudinal foraminal index 95% confidence intervals were 74.25–79.18 (lateral) and 71.70–75.97 (medial). Transversal foraminal index 95% confidence intervals were 40.98–45.02 (lateral) and 42.91–46.07 (medial). Diameter of the NF 95% confidence interval was 0.21–0.39 mm. The locational knowledge of the NF can be utilized in anatomical or experimental surgery studies. The cranial and proximal edges of the rat scapula may be palpable; surgeons may palpate these regions and easily evaluate the location of the NFs.
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanistic Insights, Pathophysiology, and Outcomes
Authors: Abouzaid Abdulrahman , Ali Khansa , Jatoi Suniya , Ahmed Mansoor , Ahmad Gulfam , Nazim Ahsan , Mehmoodi Amin , Malik Jahanzeb
Published: August 2024

Arrhythmias are increasingly recognized as severe complications of precapillary pulmonary hypertension, encompassing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Despite their significant contribution to symptoms, morbidity, in‐hospital mortality, and potentially sudden death in PAH/CTEPH, there remains a lack of comprehensive data on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes to inform the management of these patients. This review provides an overview of the latest evidence on this subject, spanning from the molecular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias in the hypertrophied or failing right heart to the clinical aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Editorial: Disordered eating and irritable bowel syndrome—Do maladaptive eating and weight control behaviours increase risk of a maladaptive gut?
Authors: Shin Andrea
Published: August 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Yang et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18197
Climate anxiety and its association with health behaviours and generalized anxiety: An intensive longitudinal study
Authors: Williams Marc O. , Buekers Joren , Castaño‐Vinyals Gemma , de Cid Rafael , Delgado‐Ortiz Laura , Espinosa Ana , Garcia‐Aymerich Judith , Koch Sarah , Kogevinas Manolis , Viola Marco , Whitmarsh Lorraine , Chevance Guillaume
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The United Nations recognize the importance of balancing the needs of people and the planetary systems on which human health relies. This paper investigates the role that climate change has on human health via its influence on climate anxiety.

Design

We conducted an intensive longitudinal study.

Methods

Participants reported levels of climate anxiety, generalized anxiety and an array of health behaviours at 20 consecutive time points, 2 weeks apart.

Results

A network analysis shows climate anxiety and generalized anxiety not to covary, and higher levels of climate anxiety not to covary with health behaviours, except for higher levels of alcohol consumption at the within‐participant level. Generalized anxiety showed completely distinct patterns of covariation with health behaviours compared with climate anxiety.

Conclusions

Our findings imply that climate anxiety, as conceptualized and measured in the current study, is not in itself functionally impairing in terms of associations with unhealthy behaviours, and is distinct from generalized anxiety. The results also imply that interventions to induce anxiety about the climate might not always have significant impacts on health and well‐being.
Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the performance of a diet specialized neotropical herbivore and its host plant
Authors: Vencl Fredric V. , Bartram Stefan , Winter Klaus , Boland Wilhelm , Srygley Robert B.
Published: August 2024

Little is known about the potential responses of ecologically specialized tropical species to atmospheric change and global warming. In 2 years of greenhouse experiments simulating climate change impacts, we quantified the effects of mean ambient temperature, elevated temperature (Te), current ambient CO2 concentration ([CO2]a), and doubled CO2 concentration ([CO2]e) on biomass, growth rate, and foliar chemistry of the morning glory vine, Camonea umbellata. In addition, we measured the impacts of climate change simulations on the performance and survival of the tortoise beetle, Acromis sparsa, which feeds exclusively on C. umbellata. Full‐sib A. sparsa larval broods were divided into cohorts. Each cohort was placed in one of four temperature‐CO2 controlled chambers and fed leaves grown in their respective treatments. Vines growing in [CO2]e more than doubled their biomass and their leaves expanded faster. The [CO2]a and Te treatments interacted to yield the greatest foliar [C]. Vines in [CO2]e and Te had the greatest C:N ratios, the lowest availability of nitrogen, and highest larval mortality. Whereas pupae were smaller and suffered lower survival in Te, pupal mass and survival increased in both the [CO2]e and Te treatments. Overall, the simultaneous elevation of both [CO2] and temperature caused declines in host quality, larval survivorship, and pupal mortality that were not observed when only one climate factor was altered. Based on this first tropical experimental study, we predict that C. umbellata will benefit from elevation of temperature and atmospheric [CO2] by altering its foliar chemistry to the detriment of its diet‐specialized herbivore enemy.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
How do birds and ants contribute to the recruitment of a tropical tree?
Authors: Falcon José Eduardo , Schoereder José Henrique , Ribeiro Vanessa Soares , Christianini Alexander Vicente , Camargo Paulo Henrique , Paolucci Lucas Navarro
Published: August 2024

In most tropical ecosystems, birds play a crucial role as primary dispersers (Phase 1) by removing seeds from the plant crown. Following primary dispersal, ground‐dwelling animals, notably ants, often disperse seeds secondarily (Phase 2). However, the relative contributions of each phase to seed dispersal effectiveness until plant establishment remains unclear. We combined observational and manipulative experiments to quantify the contributions of birds and ants to seed dispersal effectiveness of the ornithochoric tree Xylopia sericea in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Birds dispersed 17.2% of diaspores, with a dispersal distance (6.6 m ± 6.7 m) twenty times greater than that of ants (0.3 m ± 0.5 m). Notably, birds often dispersed seeds beyond the parental canopy, where seedling survival is higher. Ants were quantitatively more important to seed dispersal, with relative diaspore removal 221.3% higher than birds. Despite the limited dispersal‐distance by ants, proximity to ant nests increased seedling survival. Phase 1 led to the establishment of 16.26 seedlings per 100 diaspores produced, and Phase 2 increased the number of seedlings established by 28.6% (N = 20.91). Ants enhanced seed recruitment and improved seedling survival both away and near the parental plant, likely due to ant nests providing favorable microsites for establishment. Conversely, plants distant from ant nests performed better when away from the parental plant, underscoring the importance of birds in seed dispersal. Birds promote long‐distance dispersal and ants redistribute diaspores to microsites that increases establishment, so the dispersal of X. sericea is highly dependent on both dispersers.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Impact of peripheral lymphocyte subsets on prognosis for patients after acute ischemic stroke: A potential disease prediction model approach
Authors: Zhou Xin , Xue Song , Si Xiang‐Kun , Du Wen‐Yu , Guo Ya‐Nan , Qu Yang , Guo Zhen‐Ni , Sun Xin
Published: August 2024

Aims

To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

We enrolled 294 patients with AIS and collected peripheral blood samples for analysis of lymphocyte subsets. Prognosis was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Association between lymphocyte count and poor outcomes (mRS score >2) was assessed using logistic regression. Individualized prediction models were developed to predict poor outcomes.

Results

Patients in the mRS score ≤2 group had higher T‐cell percentage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.899–0.998; p = 0.040), CD3+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998–1.000; p = 0.018), and CD4+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997–1.000; p = 0.030) than those in the mRS score >2 group 1–3 days after stroke. The prediction model for poor prognosis based on the CD4+ T‐cell count showed good discrimination (area under the curve of 0.844), calibration (p > 0.05), and clinical utility.

Conclusion

Lower T cell percentage, CD3+, and CD4+ T‐cell counts 1–3 days after stroke were independently associated with increased risk of poor prognosis. Individualized predictive model of poor prognosis based on CD4+ T‐cell count have good accuracy and may predict disease prognosis.
Optimizing physician‐encounter frequency for type 2 diabetes patients in primary care based on cardiovascular risk assessment: A target trial emulation study
Authors: Xu Wanchun , Wang Yuan , Tanuseputro Peter , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen , Wan Eric Yuk Fai
Published: August 2024

Aim

To investigate whether the physician‐encounter interval for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be optimized from 2–3 to 4–6 months among those with a calculated 10‐year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score of less than 20% without compromising their long‐term outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Using territory‐wide public electronic medical records in Hong Kong, we emulated a target trial to compare the effectiveness of the physician‐encounter intervals of 4‐6 versus 2‐3 months for T2D patients without prior CVDs and with a predicted risk for CVDs of less than 20% (i.e. those patients not in the high‐risk category). Propensity score matching was used to emulate the randomization of participants at baseline, where 42 154 matched individuals were included for analysis. The marginal structural model was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for CVD incidence and all‐cause mortality, the incidence rate ratio of secondary and tertiary care utilization, as well as the between‐group differences in HbA1c, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Results

During a follow‐up period of up to 12 (average: 5.1) years, there was no significantly increased risk of CVD in patients with physician‐encounter intervals of 4‐6 months compared with those patients with physician‐encounter intervals of 2‐3 months (HR [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 1.01 [0.90, 1.14]; standardized 10‐year risk difference [95% CI]: −0.1% [−0.7%, 0.6%]), nor for all‐cause mortality (HR: 1.00 [0.84, 1.20]; standardized 10‐year risk difference: −0.1% [−0.5%, 0.3%]). Additionally, there was no observable difference in the utilization of secondary and tertiary care or key clinical parameters between these two follow‐up frequencies.

Conclusions

For T2D patients with a calculated 10‐year CVD risk of less than 20%, the interval of regular physician encounters can be optimized from 2–3 to 4–6 months without compromising patients' long‐term outcomes and saving substantial service resources in primary care.
The determinants of trust: findings from large, representative samples in six OECD countries
Authors: Kovacs Roxanne , Dunaiski Maurice , Galizzi Matteo M. , Grimalda Gianluca , Hortala‐Vallve Rafael , Murtin Fabrice , Putterman Louis
Published: August 2024

Trust is key for economic and social development. But why do we trust others? We study the motives behind trust in strangers using an experimental trust game played by 7236 participants, in six samples representative of the general populations of Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the UK and the USA. We examine the broadest range of potential determinants of trustor sending to date, including risk tolerance, preferences for redistribution, and conformity. We find that even though self‐interest, indicated by expected returns, is relevant for trustor behaviour, the most important correlate of sending is participants' altruism or fairness concerns, as measured by giving in a dictator game. We also find that in our large and representative sample, behaviour in the trust game and responses in a trust survey are significantly correlated, and that similar correlates—altruism in particular—are relevant for both.
Transport of aromatic amino acids l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine, and l‐phenylalanine by the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 3A1
Authors: Surrer Daniela B. , Schüsser Sarah , König Jörg , Fromm Martin F. , Gessner Arne
Published: August 2024

Amino acids are important for cellular metabolism. Their uptake across the plasma membrane is mediated by transport proteins. Despite the fact that the organic anion transporting polypeptide 4C1 (OATP4C1, Uniprot: Q6ZQN7) mediates transport of l‐arginine and l‐arginine derivatives, other members of the OATP family have not been characterized as amino acid transporters. The OATP family member OATP3A1 (gene symbol SLCO3A1, Uniprot: Q9UIG8) is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and highly expressed in many cancer tissues and cell lines. However, only a few substrates are known for OATP3A1. Accordingly, knowledge about its biological relevance is restricted. Our aim was to identify new substrates of OATP3A1 to gain insights into its (patho‐)physiological function. In an LC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics assay using untreated OATP3A1‐overexpressing HEK293 cells and control cells, we identified several amino acids as potential substrates of OATP3A1. Subsequent uptake experiments using exogenously added substrates revealed OATP3A1‐mediated transport of l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine, and l‐phenylalanine with 194.8 ± 28.7% (P < 0.05), 226.2 ± 18.7% (P < 0.001), and 235.2 ± 13.5% (P < 0.001), respectively, in OATP3A1‐overexpressing cells compared to control cells. Furthermore, kinetic transport parameters (Km values) were determined (Trp = 61.5 ± 14.2 μm, Tyr = 220.8 ± 54.5 μm, Phe = 234.7 ± 20.6 μm). In summary, we identified the amino acids l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine, and l‐phenylalanine as new substrates of OATP3A1. These findings could be used for a better understanding of (patho‐)physiological processes involving increased demand of amino acids, where OATP3A1 should be considered as an important uptake transporter of l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine, and l‐phenylalanine.
Structural insights into ternary immunocomplex formation and cross‐reactivity: binding of an anti‐immunocomplex FabB12 to Fab220‐testosterone complex
Authors: Eronen Veikko , Takkinen Kristiina , Torni Annika , Peng Kaichen , Jänis Janne , Parkkinen Tarja , Hakulinen Nina , Rouvinen Juha
Published: August 2024

Anti‐immunocomplex (Anti‐IC) antibodies have been used in developing noncompetitive immunoassays for detecting small molecule analytics (haptens). These antibodies bind specifically to the primary antibody in complex with hapten. Although several anti‐IC antibody–based immunoassays have been developed, structural studies of these systems are very limited. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of anti‐testosterone Fab220 in complex with testosterone and the corresponding anti‐IC antibody FabB12. The structure of the ternary complex of testosterone, Fab220, and FabB12 was predicted using LightDock and AlphaFold. The ternary complex has a large (~ 1100 Å2) interface between antibodies. The A‐ring of the testosterone bound by Fab220 also participates in the binding of the anti‐IC antibody. The structural analysis was complemented by native mass spectrometry. The affinities for testosterone (TES) and three cross‐reactive steroids [dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A4), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S)] were measured, and ternary complex formation was studied. The results clearly show the ternary complex formation in the solution. Although DHT showed significant cross‐reactivity, A4 and DHEA‐S exhibited minor cross‐reactivity.
International education hubs: A comparative study of China's Greater Bay Area and established hubs
Authors: Liu Liu , Coates Hamish
Published: August 2024

This study explores development of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) as it aspires to become a leading international education hub, set against the backdrop of established hubs in Malaysia, Qatar and the San Francisco Bay Area. Through a comparative analysis grounded in an adapted George Keller framework, the research investigates the internal and external dynamics influencing the internationalization strategies of these regions. The findings highlight the critical role of leveraging unique regional identities, navigating global trends alongside local adaptations and prioritizing collaboration over competition. Interviews with experts within the GBA provide formative insights into the necessary steps for advancing its internationalization, including the need for a unified regional strategy, addressing systemic and policy barriers and fostering a unique cultural identity. The study contributes to both theoretical and policy discourses on higher education internationalization by offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and analysing strategic development in emerging education hubs. It underscores the importance of adaptive strategies that are responsive to global educational trends, rooted in local strengths and geared towards fostering collaborative, innovative ecosystems. The GBA's journey towards internationalization exemplifies the challenges and opportunities faced by new entrants in the global education arena, providing valuable lessons for other regions with similar aspirations.
Triglyceride‐glucose index and clinical outcomes in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study of MIMIC‐IV
Authors: Cao Yan , He Liudang , Su Yingjie , Luo Ju , Ding Ning
Published: August 2024

Although accumulating researches were done for investigating the relationship between triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) and different diseases, none of the researches have been made in sepsis yet. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between TyG index and clinical outcomes in sepsis based on a large critical care public database. Sepsis patients in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC‐IV) Database were included. The exposure was TyG index, which was calculated by the equation: ln (TG (mg/dL) × FBG (mg/dL)/2). The outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and 1‐year mortality. The relationship between TyG index and outcomes was performed by Cox regression analysis. Smooth fitting curves were constructed by using generalized additive model. Kaplan–Meier analyses for cumulative hazard of 1‐year mortality in different groups were done. 1103 sepsis patients were included with a median TyG index of 9.78. The mortalities of in‐hospital and 1‐year were 37.53% (n = 414) and 42.25% (n = 466), respectively. After adjusting confounders, there was a significantly negative relationship between TyG index and mortalities of in‐hospital and 1‐year. With the per unit increment in TyG index, the risk of in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality both decreased by 21% (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94, p = 0.0086 and HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94, p = 0.0080, respectively). A negative relationship between TyG index and clinical outcomes in sepsis was found.
Analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap‐related genes in Crohn's disease based on bioinformatics
Authors: Chen Libin , Ai Feiyan , Wu Xing , Yu Wentao , Jin Xintong , Ma Jian , Xiang Bo , Shen Shourong , Li Xiayu
Published: August 2024

Crohn's disease (CD) presents with diverse clinical phenotypes due to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Its global incidence is on the rise. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks released by neutrophils that capture microbicidal proteins and oxidases targeting pathogens. Research has shown that NETs are implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune‐mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease. The goal of this study was to identify a panel of NET‐related genes to construct a diagnostic and therapeutic model for CD. Through analysis of the GEO database, we identified 1950 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with CD. Gene enrichment and immune cell infiltration analyses indicate that neutrophil infiltrates and chemokine‐related pathways are predominantly involved in CD, with other immune cells such as CD4 and M1 macrophages also playing a role in disease progression. Utilizing weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, we identified six hub genes (SPP1, SOCS3, TIMP1, IRF1, CXCL2 and CD274). To validate the accuracy of our model, we performed external validation with statistical differences(p < 0.05). Additionally, immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated higher protein expression of the hub genes in colonic tissues from CD patients compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In summary, we identified six effective hub genes associated with NETs as potential diagnostic markers for CD. These markers not only offer targets for future research but also hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for CD.
Gait performance in older adults across the cognitive spectrum: Results from the GAIT cohort
Authors: Ali Pauline , Renaud Pauline , Montero‐Odasso Manuel , Gautier Jennifer , Dinomais Mickaël , Annweiler Cédric
Published: August 2024

Background

Gait performance can provide valuable insights into cognitive functioning in older adult and may be used to screen for cognitive impairment. However, the optimal test condition and spatiotemporal parameter for accuracy have not yet been determined. This study aims to determine the gait measure with the highest accuracy identifying cognitive decline.

Methods

A total of 711 participants were recruited, including 332 cognitively healthy individuals, 264 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 115 with dementia, with a mean age of 72 years (interquartile range 69–76), and 43% (n = 307) of women. The participants underwent gait assessment in three different conditions, including a single task and dual tasks of counting backward by ones and naming animals.

Results

Gait performance was deteriorated as cognitive impairment progressed. The gait test performed during naming animals condition was the most accurate in differentiating between cognitive groups. Specifically, the naming animals gait speed was more accurate in discriminating control participants from those with cognitive impairment (area under the curve [AUC] = 76.9% for MCI and 99.7% for people with dementia with control group as reference). The coefficient of stride length variability while naming animals was the most effective parameter in discriminating between MCI and dementia groups (AUC = 96.7%).

Conclusions

The naming animals dual‐task gait test can be a valuable assessment for screening cognitive impairment in older adults, regardless of their cognitive abilities. The test is useful in clinical settings for subjects with a range of cognitive profiles.
Characterization of the circulating markers of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in telmisartan‐ or enalapril‐treated dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease
Authors: Murdoch Joanna E. , Lourenço Bianca N. , Berghaus Roy D. , Ames Marisa K. , Hammond Hillary K. , Coleman Amanda E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Effects of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors enalapril and telmisartan on circulating RAAS in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease (pCKD) are undescribed.

Objectives

To characterize the RAAS in untreated dogs with pCKD compared to healthy, life‐stage‐ and sex‐matched controls, and in dogs with pCKD after 30 days of treatment with enalapril or telmisartan.

Animals

Dogs with pCKD (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 20).

Methods

Retrospective study of banked samples and previously collected data. Day 0 serum equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin I, II, III, IV, 1‐5, and 1‐7, and aldosterone, and urinary aldosterone‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) from pCKD dogs were compared to values on day 30 of treatment with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg PO q12) or telmisartan (1 mg/kg PO q24h) and to those of healthy dogs. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results

Compared with healthy dogs, pCKD dogs had significantly higher Ang I, III, 1‐5, and 1‐7 concentrations, and UACR. Relative to pretreatment values, day 30 Ang II concentrations were significantly increased and decreased in telmisartan‐ and enalapril‐treated pCKD dogs, respectively (both P < .001). Mean (95% confidence interval) percentage change from pretreatment value in serum Ang 1‐7 concentration was significantly greater in telmisartan‐ (753% [489%‐1134%]) versus enalapril‐treated (149% [69%‐268%]) dogs (P < .001). Serum aldosterone decreased with treatment (P = .02 for enalapril, P < .001 for telmisartan), with no difference between groups at day 30.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Circulating RAAS activity is higher in dogs with pCKD. Compared with enalapril, treatment with telmisartan caused significantly greater increases in the presumed beneficial peptide Ang 1‐7.
Critical care nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards using ventilator waveform monitoring to detect patient–ventilator asynchrony: A cross‐sectional online survey
Authors: Mohamed Farida Khalil Ibrahim , Ghoneam Mohamed Adel , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Abdelgawad Mohamed Ezzelregal
Published: August 2024

Background

Patient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is a condition that commonly affects patients who are mechanically ventilated. PVA happens when the patient's own breathing effort and the ventilator preset settings are out of sync. Ventilator waveform monitoring is viewed as a difficult undertaking, even for experienced practitioners, despite being a non‐invasive and reliable tool for diagnosing PVA.

Aim

To assess the knowledge levels and attitudes of critical care nurses (CCNs) regarding the use of ventilator waveform monitoring to detect PVA.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted in three intensive care units (ICUs) in Alexandria, Egypt. The questionnaire consisted of four parts to evaluate CCNs’ level of knowledge and attitude regarding ventilator waveform monitoring and assess their ability to detect PVA.

Results

Of the 137 CCNs approached, 101 CCNs completed the survey, resulting in a 73.7% response rate. Most nurses (88.1%) demonstrated poor knowledge levels and negative attitudes (93.1%) towards using waveform monitoring to detect PVA. A significant relationship was found between nurses' knowledge of ventilator waveform monitoring and their participation in previous training programmes on mechanical ventilation (MV; p = .031). Additionally, nurses' attitudes towards ventilator waveform monitoring were significantly associated with their level of education (p = .002) and attendance in previous courses on waveform analysis (p = .020).

Conclusions

A majority of CCNs have poor knowledge and negative attitudes regarding ventilator waveform monitoring. Previous training in MV and attendance courses on ventilator waveform analysis showed a significant correlation between nurses' level of knowledge and attitudes regarding ventilator waveform monitoring.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Assessment of CCNs’ knowledge and attitudes regarding ventilator waveform monitoring for detecting patient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) informs the development of future educational programmes, ultimately aiding in the delivery of prompt and high‐quality care.
The Role of Microvascular Variations in the Process of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration and Its Regulatory Mechanisms: A Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Si‐Ping , Tong Min , Li Shi‐Da , Zhang Bin , Zhang Wenhao , Wang Rong , Dong Zhen‐Yu , Huang Yi‐Fei
Published: August 2024

Microvascular changes are considered key factors in the process of intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). Microvascular invasion and growth into the nucleus pulposus (NP) and cartilaginous endplates are unfavorable factors that trigger IDD. In contrast, the rich distribution of microvessels in the bony endplates and outer layers of the annulus fibrosus is an important safeguard for the nutrient supply and metabolism of the intervertebral disk (IVD). In particular, the adequate supply of microvessels in the bony endplates is the main source of the nutritional supply for the entire IVD. Microvessels can affect the progression of IDD through a variety of pathways. Many studies have explored the effects of microvessel alterations in the NP, annulus fibrosus, cartilaginous endplates, and bony endplates on the local microenvironment through inflammation, apoptosis, and senescence. Studies also elucidated the important roles of microvessel alterations in the process of IDD, as well as conducted in‐depth explorations of cytokines and biologics that can inhibit or promote the ingrowth of microvessels. Therefore, the present manuscript reviews the published literature on the effects of microvascular changes on IVD to summarize the roles of microvessels in IVD and elaborate on the mechanisms of action that promote or inhibit de novo microvessel formation in IVD.
Genomic insights into the modifications of spike morphology traits during wheat breeding
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Yu Rui , Shen Liping , Sun Mengjing , Peng Yanchun , Zeng Qingdong , Shen Kuocheng , Yu Xuchang , Wu He , Ye Botao , Wang Ziying , Sun Zhiweng , Liu Danning , Sun Xiaohui , Zhang Zhiliang , Dong Jiayu , Dong Jing , Han Dejun , He Zhonghu , Hao Yuanfeng , Wu Jianhui , Guo Zifeng
Published: August 2024

Over the past century, environmental changes have significantly impacted wheat spike morphology, crucial for adaptation and grain yield. However, the changes in wheat spike modifications during this period remain largely unknown. This study examines 16 spike morphology traits in 830 accessions released from 1900 to 2020. It finds that spike weight, grain number per spike (GN), and thousand kernel weight have significantly increased, while spike length has no significant change. The increase in fertile spikelets is due to fewer degenerated spikelets, resulting in a higher GN. Genome‐wide association studies identified 49,994 significant SNPs, grouped into 293 genomic regions. The accumulation of favorable alleles in these genomic regions indicates the genetic basis for modification in spike morphology traits. Genetic network analysis of these genomic regions reveals the genetic basis for phenotypic correlations among spike morphology traits. The haplotypes of the identified genomic regions display obvious geographical differentiation in global accessions and environmental adaptation over the past 120 years. In summary, we reveal the genetic basis of adaptive evolution and the interactions of spike morphology, offering valuable resources for the genetic improvement of spike morphology to enhance environmental adaptation.
Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hamamoto Fernando Kazuaki , do Carmo Franco Maria , Jardim Maria Fernanda Silva , de Camargo Maria Fernanda Carvalho , Nogueira Paulo C. Koch
Published: August 2024

Background

The survival of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has improved in recent decades due to advances in dialysis and transplantation. However, cardiovascular disease (CVD) emerges as the main cause of mortality in patients with CKD.

Objectives

To estimate cardiovascular risk in children with CKD at least 1 year after kidney transplantation. In addition, the possible association of cardiovascular risk with classic biochemical markers and potential new markers of this outcome was investigated.

Methods

An observational ambidirectional (retrospective capture of risk factors and prospective study of outcomes) research including 75 patients who underwent renal transplant between 2003 and 2013 with postoperative follow‐up of at least 1 year was conducted. The outcome variables adopted were the LV mass Z‐score and the presence of coronary calcification on computed tomography using calcium Agatston score.

Result

Only one patient had an elevated calcium score, and three children (4%) had an LV mass Z‐score ≥ 2.0. After multivariable analysis, only gender, serum triglyceride, and serum renalase concentration remained significantly associated with LV mass.

Conclusion

The low incidence of cardiovascular changes in the population studied confirms the benefit of transplantation for the cardiovascular health of children. Nevertheless, long‐term follow‐up of these patients is recommended, given the limited duration of kidney function provided by transplantation and the high likelihood of further dialysis and kidney transplants being required in these children.
How collective punishment harm intergroup relations through ingroup homogeneity, perceived fairness, and counter‐collective action: A registered report
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Çoksan Sami , Kessler Thomas
Published: August 2024

In collective punishment, a group as a whole receives negative consequences because of the actions of a few. We argue that collective punishments lead to ingroup cohesiveness and adverse intergroup relations by instigating a punishment‐revenge cycle. In four experimental studies conducted in Turkey and Germany (N = 2059), we demonstrated that collective punishment increased ingroup homogeneity, negative outgroup attitudes, and counter‐collective action intention, while it decreased perceived outgroup fairness. However, the impact on perceived fairness and negative outgroup attitudes was consistent regardless of whether all group members or only perpetrators were punished. This reveals that punishment itself influences the perception towards the punishing outgroup, regardless of the legitimacy and the target of punishment. Overall, willingness for retaliation was boosted by collective punishment; therefore, collective punishment not only fails to silence conflicts but, on the contrary, exacerbates them by fueling the urge for revenge.
Morphometric Evaluation of the Ampullae of the Oviducts in Prepubertal Gilts Treated With Chorionic Gonadotropins
Authors: Brito Camila R. C. , Hoyos‐Marulanda Veronica , Cruz Luis A. X. , Gasperin Bernardo G. , Vieira Arnaldo D. , Mondadori Rafael G. , Lucia Thomaz
Published: August 2024

This study assessed morphometric traits of the ampulla of the oviducts in prepubertal gilts treated with chorionic gonadotropins. With the day of slaughter as D0, gilts were assigned to four treatments (n = 8 each): control (untreated), eCG (200 IU eCG on D3), eCG+hCG (1200 IU eCG on D6 plus 500 IU hCG on D3), and eCG+hCG+AI (the previous treatment plus artificial insemination on D1). Blood and ampullae samples were collected at slaughter. Serum progesterone concentrations were higher for gilts treated with hCG than for those in the eCG and control treatments (p < 0.001), but estradiol concentrations did not differ (p > 0.05). The epithelium, muscle and lumen areas and the inner and larger ampullae diameters did not differ across treatments (p > 0.05). Therefore, treatment with chorionic gonadotropins did not alter the ampullae morphometry of prepubertal gilts.
From light to sound: Ultrasound outshines Light's criteria for pleural effusions classification
Authors: Badiei Arash
Published: August 2024

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