bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Another new species of Ranitomeya (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Amazonian Colombia
Authors: TWOMEY EVAN , BROWN JASON L.
Published: August 2019

We describe a new species of Ranitomeya (family Dendrobatidae) which we discovered on a recent expedition to the Río Apaporis region in southeastern Colombia. This species had previously been referred to as Dendrobates quinquevittatus sensu Silverstone, based on a single specimen collected in the 1950s from the mouth of Río Apaporis. We found additional specimens from two sites in this region; near the town of La Pedrera (Departamento Amazonas), and on the lower Apaporis (Departamento Vaupés). We also found several R. ventrimaculata, and the two species are likely sympatric throughout much of this region. Although the new species and R. ventrimaculata have similar life-history attributes (such as using similar bromeliads for tadpole deposition), the two species clearly differ in color pattern and advertisement call parameters. Ongoing molecular studies indicate that the new species is not closely related to the sympatric R. ventrimaculata, but rather is sister to an apparently undescribed species of Ranitomeya from the upper Brazilian Amazon.
Checklist of Peruvian Ichneumonidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera)
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-BERRÍO ALEXANDER , BORDERA SANTIAGO , SÄÄKSJÄRVI ILARI E.
Published: August 2019

A checklist of the Peruvian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is provided. A total of 391 species, in 134 genera and 20 subfamilies, are reported. Of these, 139 species are only known from Peru, and 48 represent undescribed species. This work reports nearly 53% more taxa than the checklist compiled by Francisco Carrasco (1972), representing a much needed update of that work. The checklist is updated to September 2009.
Mysidae (Mysida) of New Zealand; a checklist, identification key to species and an overview of material in New Zealand collections
Authors: JOCQUE M. , BLOM W.
Published: August 2019

Mysida are small, mostly marine crustaceans that are an important element of food webs, specifically as prey for several commercially important fish species. Taking their ecological and economical importance into account, relatively little attention is attributed to these organisms, and they are often neglected in biodiversity surveys and studies. To draw attention to these animals and stimulate research in New Zealand, we summarize information available for New Zealand Mysidae. We present a checklist of the 17 species recorded in New Zealand waters as well as a preliminary identification key to species based on the existing literature. We also provide an overview of mysid material available in collections in New Zealand.
Re-description of the type series of Nectophrynoides viviparus (Bufonidae), with a taxonomic reassessment
Authors: LOADER SIMON P. , POYNTON JOHN C. , DAVENPORT TIM R. B. , RÖDEL MARK-OLIVER
Published: August 2019

The type series of Nectophrynoides viviparus (Tornier, 1905) from the southern Tanzanian highlands has been rediscovered in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. A re-description is given and a lectotype designated. Available topotypic material is included in our assessment of morphological variation in this population. With clarification of the species’ identity, nomenclatural confusions can be addressed. We reject the designation of an earlier neotype, and also of records attributed to the species north and east of the Southern Highlands.
A review of the taxonomy and distribution of Plagiotaphrus Attems 1914 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
Authors: MWABVU TAROMBERA , HAMER MICHELLE , SLOTOW ROBERT , BARRACLOUGH DAVID
Published: August 2019

Plagiotaphrus is a monophyletic genus which formerly included three species, P. sulcifer Attems 1914 (the type species), P. improvisus (Attems 1934) and P. longius Attems 1928. Plagiotaphrus longius is a nomen dubium and is here excluded from the genus. A key to the species based on gonopod morphology is also presented. The distribution of Plagiotaphrus is disjunct. Given that several localities in Africa have not been surveyed it is likely that Plagiotaphrus species occur in more localities.
The marsh crab, Sartoriana rokitanskyi (Pretzmann, 1971) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae) from southern Iran
Authors: KAMRANI EHSAN , NG PETER K. L. , MIRZADEH MEHRNOUSH , NAKHODAI SAHAR
Published: August 2019

The marsh crab, Sartoriana rokitanskyi (Pretzmann, 1971) (Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae), is recorded from near a hot spring in Geno, southern Iran. The taxonomy of the species, including differences with the allied S. blanfordi (Alcock, 1909), is discussed. Notes on its ecology are also provided.
First report of the sac spider genus Systaria Simon (Araneae: Clubionidae) from China: Systaria hainanensis sp. nov. and Systaria mengla (Song & Zhu, 1994) comb. nov.
Authors: ZHANG FENG , FU JIANYING , ZHU MINGSHENG
Published: August 2019

The cylindrical, non-armoured spider genus Systaria Simon, 1897, belonging to the subfamily Systariinae DeelemanReinhold, 2001 (Clubionidae Wagner, 1887) is reported from China for the first time, its genus characters are reviewed in detail, and its taxonomic position, between the Clubionidae and Miturgidae Simon, 1886, is discussed. A new Systaria species from Hainan Island is diagnosed, described and illustrated under the name of Systaria hainanensis sp. nov. In addition, the species Itatsina mengla Song & Zhu, 1994 is transferred from Itatsina Kishida, 1930 (Liocranidae Simon, 1897) to Systaria, S. mengla (Song & Zhu, 1994) comb. nov.
Species limits in antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae): an evaluation of Frederickena unduligera (Undulated Antshrike) based on vocalizations
Authors: ISLER MORTON L. , ISLER PHYLLIS R. , WHITNEY BRET M. , ZIMMER KEVIN J. , WHITTAKER ANDREW
Published: August 2019

The Undulated Antshrike, Frederickena unduligera, a resident of lowland humid forests of western Amazonia, is somewhat poorly known as a result of its low population density and retiring habits. In recent years, vocalizations of F. unduligera have been recorded sufficiently to permit geographic analysis. Vocalizations supply valuable measures of species limits for antbirds, whose vocalizations are thought not to be learned. Based on vocalizations, we found that populations of the Undulated Antshrike are more appropriately considered as two biological species. Three populations considered subspecies of F. unduligera await further evaluation pending the acquisition of additional vocal recordings, specimens, and tissue for genetic analysis.
Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
Authors: KIRICHENKO NATALIA , TRIBERTI PAOLO , AKULOV EVGENIY , PONOMARENKO MARGARITA , GOROKHOVA SVETLANA , SHEIKO VIKTOR , OHSHIMA ISSEI , LOPEZ-VAAMONDE CARLOS
Published: August 2019

The Russian Far East (RFE) is an important hotspot of biodiversity whose insect fauna remains understudied, particularly its Microlepidoptera. Here we explore the diversity of leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae, their distribution and host plant associations in RFE using a combination of field observations and sampling, DNA barcoding, morphological analysis and literature review.                We collected 91 gracillariid specimens (45 larvae, 9 pupae and 37 adults) in 12 localities across RFE and identified 34 species using a combination of DNA barcoding and morphology. We provide a genetic library of 57 DNA barcodes belonging to 37 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), including four BINs that could potentially represent species new to science. Leaf mines and leaf shelters are described and illustrated for 32 studied species, male or female genitalia as well as forewing patterns of adults are shown, especially for those species identified based on morphology.                Three species, Micrurapteryx caraganella (Hering), Callisto insperatella (Nickerl), and Phyllonorycter junoniella (Zeller) are newly recorded from RFE. Five species previously known from some regions of RFE, were found for the first time in Amurskaya Oblast: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke), Primorskii Krai: Ph. sorbicola Kumata and Sahkalin Island: Caloptilia heringi Kumata, Ph. ermani (Kumata) and Ph. ulmifoliella (Hübner). Eight gracillariid–plant associations are novel to science: Caloptilia gloriosa Kumata on Acer pseudosieboldianum, Cameraria niphonica Kumata on A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, Parornix ermolaevi Kuznetzov on Corylus sieboldiana, Phyllonorycter ermani (Kumata) on Betula platyphylla, Ph. nipponicella (Issiki) on Quercus mongolica, Ph. orientalis (Kumata) and Ph. pseudojezoniella Noreika on Acer saccharum, Ph. sorbicola on Prunus maakii. For the first time we documented the “green island” phenotype on Phyllonorycter cavella (Zeller) mines on Betula platyphylla.                Two pestiferous species have been recorded during our surveys: Micrurapteryx caraganella on ornamental Caragana arborescens in urban plantations in Amurskaya Oblast, and the lime leafminer Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata), a species known to be native to RFE and invasive elsewhere in Russia and in European countries.                A revised checklist of RFE gracillariids has been compiled. It accounts for 135 species among which 17 species (13%) are only known to occur in RFE. The gracillariid fauna of RFE is more similar to the Japanese fauna (49%), than to the fauna of the rest of Russia (i.e European part and Siberia) (32%).
A new fossil Malthodes Kiesenwetter, 1852 from the Eocene Baltic amber (Coleoptera Cantharidae)
Authors: PARISI FRANCESCO , FANTI FABRIZIO
Published: August 2019

A new Malthodes embedded in an amber piece of the Eocene from Kaliningrad region (Russia) is illustrated and described here. Most of the species of this genus, both living and fossil, show short elytra leaving some abdominal segments uncovered, as in the case of Malthodes tognettii sp. nov. The new species is characterized by the absence of the yellow spots on the elytral apex, the last sternite strongly curved and folded backward with weakly forked apex, and by the last tergite elongate, weakly forked apically and slightly bent downwards from half-length. A key of the Malthodes embedded in Baltic amber is also provided.
One new species of the genus Xizicus Gorochov, 1993 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: CHEN LIXUAN , MAO SHAOLI , CHANG YANLIN
Published: August 2019

One new species of the genus Xizicus Gorochov, 1993 is described, namely Xizicus (Eoxizicus) lobicercus sp. nov. from China. In addition, morphological photograph of Xizicus (Eoxizicus) divergrntis (Liu & Zhang, 2000) are provided. All the type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
Ilyocypris (Crustacea: Ostracoda) species in North East Asian rice fields; description of one new species, and redescriptions of Ilyocypris dentifera Sars, 1903 and Ilyocypris japonica Okubo, 1990
Authors: SMITH ROBIN JAMES , ZHAI DAYOU , CHANG CHEON YOUNG
Published: August 2019

Ilyocypris species are abundant and widespread in North East Asian rice fields, but for many species their taxonomy is poorly defined, which negatively impacts ecological studies on rice field ecosystems. Herein, two of these species, Ilyocypris dentifera Sars, 1903 and Ilyocypris japonica Okubo, 1990, are redescribed, and a third species, Ilyocypris incus sp. nov., is described and named. This latter species has previously been reported from Japan and possibly Korea under the names Ilyocypris angulata Sars, 1903 and I. dentifera, but study of the hemipenes demonstrates that it is a separate species. Ilyocypris nipponica Okubo, 2004 nomen nudum previously reported from Japan is herein considered to be a junior synonym of I. dentifera. Tuberculated and non-tuberculated forms of both I. dentifera and I. japonica were recovered during this study and the presence or absence of tubercles is postulated to be related to environmental conditions, such as water chemistry or predation pressures. Although tuberculated forms of I. dentifera do occur, we concur with some previous studies that Ilyocypris angulata Sars, 1903 should be treated as a separate species, based on features of the hemipenes and carapaces. Figures of the carapaces and hemipenes of I. angulata, and Ilyocypris mongolica Martens, 1991, which is morphologically very close to I. japonica, are also presented for comparisons. This study confirms that three species of Ilyocypris inhabit North East Asian rice fields: I. dentifera, I. japonica and Ilyocypris incus sp. nov. Extant Ilyocypris species in North East Asia, including those from habitats other than rice fields, can be divided into two groups based on the Zenker organ, hemipenis, and sixth limb morphologies. These groups are postulated to represent two distinct lineages of Ilyocypris in North East Asia.
The genus Cylloepus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae) new species and combinations
Authors: POLIZEI THIAGO T. S. , BARCLAY MAXWELL V. L.
Published: August 2019

Elmidae is one of the most diverse families of aquatic beetles, with more than 1500 species in 148 genera. Cylloepus is the genus with the most species in Americas, with 52 species and 2 subspecies currently known. The genus is easily recognised by external morphology; body elongate, pronotum with a longitudinal impression on the disc and elytra striate and punctate. In this paper, based on the study of several international reference collections, we propose two new combinations, and describe two new species of Cylloepus (C. bispoi sp. nov. and C. segurae sp. nov.) from Ecuador and Bolivia.
Two new species of Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) associated with stingless bees
Authors: DA-COSTA TAIRIS , RODIGHERO LUANA FABRINA , DA SILVA GUILHERME LIBERATO , FERLA NOELI JUAREZ , BLOCHTEIN BETINA
Published: August 2019

Tydeid mites have a cosmopolitan distribution and are associated with diverse substrates such as soil, plants, stored products, and animals like vertebrates and insects. Here we report two new species of tydeid mites living inside stingless bee colonies in Brazil. Lorryia meliponarum n. sp. and Melissotydeus bipunctata n. sp. are described and illustrated, and in addition a key to the species of Melissotydeus is presented.
Maruina Müller, 1895 (Diptera: Psychodidae): description of four new species from Brazil, with revised diagnoses for the genus and subgenera
Authors: CAMICO JÉSSICA LUNA , CORDEIRO DANILO PACHECO , CHAGAS CÍNTHIA
Published: August 2019

Maruina is an aquatic genus of Psychodidae with larvae and pupae adapted for life in flowing water. The genus is restricted to the Western Hemisphere, with the majority of species distributed in the Neotropical region. 39 Maruina species are described, with 11 currently known to occur in Brazil, all recorded from the eastern Biomes of Atlantic forest and Caatinga. Here we describe four new Maruina species collected from Brazil: Maruina (Aculcina) roraimensis sp. nov., Maruina (Maruina) kallyntrona sp. nov. and M. (M.) mystax sp. nov. constitute the first report of Maruina from Amazonia and M. (A.) pila sp. nov. from the southern portion of the Atlantic forest expands the distribution of the genus to Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Type specimens of some described species were also studied. Redescriptions are completed for M. (M.) garota and M. (M.) namorada, and additional characters and figures are presented for M. (A.) duckhousei, M. (M.) barrettoi and M. (M.) jezeki. M. pilosella and M. spinosa are considered nomina dubia. Diagnostic characters for the genus and both subgenera are revised and distribution maps for Maruina species recorded in Brazil are provided.
Tracking a Long-Lasting Outer Tropical Cyclone Rainband: Origin and Convective Transformation
Authors: Yu Cheng-Ku , Lin Che-Yu , Luo Jhang-Shuo
Published: August 2019

This study used radar and surface observations to track a long-lasting outer tropical cyclone rainband (TCR) of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) over a considerable period of time (~10 h) from its formative to mature stage. Detailed analyses of these unique observations indicate that the TCR was initiated on the eastern side of the typhoon at a radial distance of ~190 km as it detached from the upwind segment of a stratiform rainband located close to the inner-core boundary. The outer rainband, as it propagated cyclonically outward, underwent a prominent convective transformation from generally stratiform precipitation during the earlier period to highly organized, convective precipitation during its mature stage. The transformation was accompanied by a clear trend of surface kinematics and thermodynamics toward squall-line-like features. The observed intensification of the rainband was not simply related to the spatial variation of the ambient CAPE or potential instability; instead, the dynamical interaction between the prerainband vertical shear and cold pools, with progression toward increasingly optimal conditions over time, provides a reasonable explanation for the temporal alternation of the precipitation intensity. The increasing intensity of cold pools was suggested to play an essential role in the convective transformation for the rainband. The propagation characteristics of the studied TCR were distinctly different from those of wave disturbances frequently documented within the cores of tropical cyclones; however, they were consistent with the theoretically predicted propagation of convectively generated cold pools. The convective transformation, as documented in the present case, is anticipated to be one of the fundamental processes determining the evolving and structural nature of outer TCRs.
Recent Strengthening of the Relationship between the Western North Pacific Monsoon and Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity during the Boreal Summer
Authors: Zhao Haikun , Chen Shaohua , Klotzbach Philip J.
Published: August 2019

This study examines the association between the western North Pacific (WNP) summer monsoon (WNPSM) and WNP tropical cyclone (TC) frequency during June–August from 1979 to 2016. The interannual relationship between the WNPSM and the total number of WNP TCs has strengthened since 1998. There has also been a significant reduction in the number of TCs forming within the WNP monsoon trough (WNPMT)—hereafter called ITCs, for internal or inside TCs—since 1998. These two important features are found to be closely associated with the climate regime shift that occurred around 1998. During 1998–2016, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) tended to be in a cold phase, with an increasing occurrence of central Pacific–type El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, whereas the 1979–97 period tended to be characterized by a warm phase of the PDO and east Pacific–type ENSO events. During 1998–2016, the tropical Pacific was characterized by enhanced easterlies, which led to a westward-retreated WNPMT that caused a significant decrease in ITCs over the WNP basin. However, there was little change in TCs outside of the WNPMT region (hereafter called OTCs) compared to that before 1998. A significant in-phase (out-of-phase) relationship between the WNPSM and the number of ITCs (OTCs) is observed before 1998, thus greatly weakening the WNPSM–TC relationship. The recent enhanced relationship between the WNPSM and TCs is mainly due to a strong in-phase relationship between the WNPSM and ITCs. The interannual change in ITCs is mainly controlled by WNPSM changes since 1998, while OTC changes are mainly modulated by changes in the tropical upper-tropospheric trough.
Blasphemy Rewired: Communal Configurations of the Public Domain in Kerala
Authors: Varghese Mathew A.
Published: August 2019

From the punctuated invocations of legal clauses through the 20th and 21st centuries, to the post-2000 vilifications, attacks or murders of/on painters, scholars, students and social activists, allegations of blasphemy have often problematized public spheres across India. In this broad backdrop, nuanced tendencies have emerged (and continue to emerge) in Kerala, a state with a strong history of social reforms and political interventions on institutional networks of religion. The paper will focus on two trajectories: the narrative exclusions and communal vocalizations in select public performances as well as emergent institutional hegemonies that institute parallel orders in contemporary contexts of neoliberal state building.
Writing and Rewriting of Psalm 22
Authors: Rilett Wood Joyce
Published: August 2019

Rewriting has converted a personal lament psalm into a complex literary work with diverse topics and themes, with distinct genres and settings, and with opposite and contradictory meanings. We can discover the original psalm by unravelling the editorial process and by observing the revision techniques of repetition, reversal and cross reference. What characterizes the second edition of the psalm is a gradual shift from individual experience to the concerns of the whole community. The reviser draws on historical tradition to transform the earlier composition into a new story with an entirely different theological perspective.
Vietnam’s Exports to the Chinese Market: Risks and Potential Mitigators
Authors: Binh Ngo Xuan
Published: August 2019

From the characteristics of the Chinese market and the current status of Vietnam’s exports to this market, this article tries to point out the risks that Vietnamese exporters have to identify in order to find ways to overcome those risks, thereby to help increase exports from Vietnam to the Chinese market which is a very important market of Vietnam. In this article, the author does not focus on the opportunities brought about by the Chinese market or the current status of Vietnamese exports of goods to this market. The aim of the article is mainly to identify the risks that come from the Chinese customers or Chinese trade policy, etc. The intention of the author is to evaluate the risks and current policy practices in order to bring about recommendations for policymakers to deal with the risk involved in current Vietnam–China trade. To achieve the above objectives, the article uses analytical, statistical and comparative methods. These are common methods in economic and business analysis. Research data are collected from primary and secondary sources, that is, the data collected from domestic and international authors, from the general department of statistics, general department of customs and Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam. The article argues that the Chinese market is very important for exports from Vietnam and contains many risks; and that it is imperative to identify these risks. It also considers what the government and enterprises of Vietnam have to do to overcome these risks.
Validation of the Vertical Facial Growth Screening Test
Authors: Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Martins-Neves Silvia , Martinez-Capoccioni Gabriel , Neves-Leal Daniela , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Faraldo-García Ana , Lowy-Benoliel Alejandro , Martin-Martin Carlos
Published: August 2019

Background. Vertical facial growth has a high prevalence. Nonspecialized professionals have shown low sensitivity to identify patients at risk. In the face of this difficulty, we designed and validated a screening checklist for vertical facial growth. Methods. A multidisciplinary team of 5 members developed the Vertical Facial Growth Screening Test. A sample of 160 evaluations was obtained. We consider as the gold standard the evaluation of 2 specialists in dentofacial orthopedics. Results. Consistency measured with Cronbach α was .675 for 10 items. Test-retest reliability was .956. The interobserver concordance was .886. The receiver operating characteristic curve has .987 area under the curve. Conclusion. This is the first study to design and validate a screening checklist for vertical facial growth for nonexpert evaluators. We think that given its good performance, ease of use, inexpensiveness, and availability, the test could be useful for nontrained professionals dealing with children.
Living in quiet desperation: The mental health epidemic in Australia’s higher education
Authors: Usher Wayne
Published: August 2019

Objective:

This study sought to investigate the relationship between personal, university, home and community influences on Australia’s university students’ mental health status.

Design:

Positioned within a qualitative, interpretivist paradigm, the study collected data from participants ( n = 934) by means of an online survey requesting lived or witnessed experiences concerning mental health concerns. Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model informed the design of the study.

Setting:

Five major Australian higher educational settings.

Method:

Leximancer software was used for concept development. Data were analysed using thematic coding.

Results:

Findings provide qualitative data of university students’ experiences concerning mental health status, as measured across four domains. Themes identified include personal (stress, anxiety, life skills), university (grades/free physical activity) and home (closer to home, support networks) dimensions. There was no unprompted reference to the community domain. Results reinforce the need to ensure that current and future student mental health policies and initiatives are implemented within each of the domains addressed – to ensure a more holistic approach to students’ well-being and care.

Conclusion:

Findings highlight challenges concerning Australia’s university students’ mental health status. Findings present an opportunity for the university sector, community health services, and sports and fitness organisations to develop and implement future collaborative health promotion in higher education settings.
Drugs to Be Used With a Filter for Preparation and/or Administration—2019
Authors: Ipema Heather J. , Zacher Jessica M. , Galka Eva , Nazari Jonathan , Varabyeva Alina , Yu Michelle , Hartke Patricia
Published: August 2019

This chart is an update to the 2012 article published in Hospital Pharmacy on injectable drugs to be used with a filter. To update the chart, drugs approved from December 2011 to April 2019 were reviewed to determine if they require filtration and drugs included in the 2012 table were reviewed for accuracy. Readers are urged to review national standards of practice for information about clinical situations that warrant the use of a filter for medication preparation or administration, independent of the drug being given, and the reader should consult the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescribing information for the most up-to-date information.
Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness
Authors: Vogelpohl Tobias , Gehlmann Franziska , Vollrath Mark
Published: August 2019

Objective

Our objective was to determine whether there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving after take-over requests (TORs) using the example of office tasks as nondriving-related tasks (NDRTs).

Background

Office tasks are likely NDRTs during automated commutes to/from work. Complex tasks can influence how manual control and visual attention is recovered after TORs.

Method

N = 51 participants in a driving simulator performed either one of two office tasks or no task (between subjects). We recorded reaction times in a high-urgency and low-urgency scenario (within subjects) and analyzed task interruption strategies.

Results

90% of the participants who performed an NDRT deactivated the automation after 7 to 8 s. However, 90% of the same drivers looked at the side mirror for the first time only after 11 to 14 s. Drivers with office tasks either interrupted the tasks sequentially or in parallel. Strategies were not adapted to the take-over situation or the task but appeared to be due to individual preferences.

Conclusion

Drivers engaged in NDRTs may neglect lower priority subtasks after a TOR, such as mirror checking. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving. Using analyses of attentional dynamics during take-over situations may enhance the safety of future car-driver handover assistance systems.

Application

If low driver availability is detected, TORs should only be used as a fallback option if sufficient time and adaptive driver support can be provided.
Effects of Initial Starting Distance and Gap Characteristics on Children’s and Young Adults’ Velocity Regulation When Intercepting Moving Gaps
Authors: Chung Hyun Chae , Choi Gyoojae , Azam Muhammad
Published: August 2019

Objective

This study investigated how children and young adults regulate their velocity when crossing roads under varying traffic conditions.

Background

To cross roads safely, pedestrians must adapt their movements to the moving vehicles around them while tightly coupling their movement to visual information.

Method

Using an Oculus Rift, 16 children and 16 young adults walked on a treadmill and intercepted gaps between two simulated moving vehicles in an immersive virtual environment. We varied the participants’ initial distance from the curb to the interception point, as well as gap characteristics, including gap size and vehicle size.

Results

Varying the initial distance led to systematic adjustments in participants’ approach velocities. The inter-vehicle gap and the vehicle size affected the crossing position induced by the initial distance. However, participants did not systematically scale their positions according to the initial distance in narrow gap. Notably, children did not finely tune their movements when they approached wide gap from a closer distance or when they approached the large vehicle from closer distance.

Conclusion

Children were less precise in coupling their movements to the moving vehicle in complex traffic environments. In particular, large moving vehicles approaching at closer distances can pose risks when children cross roads.

Application

These findings suggest the need for an intervention program to improve children’s skill in perceiving larger vehicles and timing their movements when crossing roads. We suggest using an interactive virtual reality system to practice this skill.
Investigation on micro-residual stress distribution near hole using nanoindentation: Effect of drilling speed
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Amit , Kumar Navin , Prakash Chander
Published: August 2019

Residual stresses are induced in the material during manufacturing operations, which considerably affect the fatigue performance and the lifespan of a mechanical work piece. The nature, magnitude, and distribution of residual stresses decide their beneficial or detrimental effects. Past research efforts concluded that mechanical process parameters influence residual stress nature, distribution, and the magnitude. Nevertheless, how residual stress generation depends on the process parameters, is not well investigated especially in the case of a drilling operation. In fact, the residual stress field is required to be regulated near drilled holes to improve the fatigue strength of structural joints, especially in the aircraft industry. Accordingly, this work attempts to estimate the drilling-induced micro-residual stress distribution near the drilled hole. In addition, the effect of drilling speed on residual stress distribution has also been studied. A nanoindentation technique is used to follow-up precise distribution of micro-residual stresses near the holes drilled at three different drilling speeds of 700, 900, and 1100 r/min. The outcomes indicate the presence of compressive residual stresses near the hole. In addition, an increase in residual stress level is noticed with an increase in the drilling speed up to 900 r/min. A uniform distribution of residual stresses is observed near the hole when drilled at a higher drilling speed of 1100 r/min. These findings may be useful in planning an improved drilling operation to produce beneficial residual stress distribution. This may ultimately improve the fatigue strength and the service life of mechanical components or structures with drilled holes.
A LabVIEW-based online DC servomechanism control experiments incorporating PID controller for students’ laboratory
Authors: Alli Kolapo S
Published: August 2019

This research designed a DC motor control system experiments and developed a platform for on-line implementation of these experiments. This was with a view to contributing to the number of online laboratory experiments while providing a common platform for other on-line users. In this research, three experiments were designed using LabVIEW software. The developed platform is implemented online using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology interactive laboratory architecture. The control system performance was then evaluated by administering questionnaires to users with the aim of eliciting information on the ease of use of the operating system. The successful control of the DC motor and integration of the experiment engines into the iLab Interactive architecture were achieved. In conclusion, the online DC motor control laboratory was deployed and provided ready access to a DC motor control over the Internet with beginner and intermediate-level experiments in the field of control system and engineering
Group differences in social inclusion between young adults aged 18 to 25 with serious mental illness and same-aged peers from the general community
Authors: Gardner Andrew , Cotton Sue , O’Donoghue Brian , Killackey Eóin , Norton Peter , Filia Kate
Published: August 2019

Aims:

Young adults with serious mental illness (SMI) are thought to be socially excluded. However, psychometric measures of social inclusion have not been employed to examine group differences relative to peers from the general community. The aim of this study was to employ such a measure to determine differences in social inclusion between young adults with SMI and peers from the general community.

Methods:

A cross-sectional hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to identify which dimensions and individual indicators from the Filia Social Inclusion Measure (F-SIM) discriminated between n = 152 young adults aged 18–25 from the general community ( M = 21.36, SD = 2.16) and n = 159 young adults aged 18–25 with SMI ( M = 21.13, SD = 2.21).

Results:

Group membership was accounted for by Interpersonal Connections (Nagelkerke R2 = .32), Vocational & Financial Security (Nagelkerke R2 = .32) and Healthy Independent Lifestyle (Nagelkerke R2 = .08) dimensions of the F-SIM. Relative to young adults from the general community, those with SMI were five times less likely to feel they had friends who would call on them in a crisis, odds ratio (OR) = .19 (95%CI = .04, .53), p = .04, almost five times more likely to live with their parents, OR = 4.79 (95%CI = 1.98,11.15), p = .004, almost four times less likely to have worked/studied any time over the past 12 months, OR = .27 (95%CI = .11,.64), p < .001, and three-and-a-half times more likely to report unstable accommodation, OR = 3.58 (95%CI = 1.14, 11.15), p = .03.

Conclusion:

Young adults with SMI are socially excluded relative to peers from the general community in terms of interpersonal connections, vocational engagement, autonomy/independence and housing stability. In addition to the well-established focus on vocational engagement, interventions to improve social inclusion in this population must promote reciprocity within social relationships and healthy autonomy/independence (including stable housing).
Examining Maladaptive Functioning in Physical Education: A Psychometric Analysis of the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale Among Spanish Secondary Students
Authors: Burgueño Rafael , Sánchez-Gallardo Isabel , Macarro-Moreno José , Lirola María-Jesús , Medina-Casaubón Jesús
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to adapt the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale for use in the Spanish physical education (PE) context and to examine its psychometric properties with secondary school students. Participants were 459 secondary school PE students (206 boys and 253 girls, Mage = 15.41, SDage = 1.05). A confirmatory factor analysis supported an 11-item three-factor correlated model that remained invariant across gender and age. Internal consistency analysis showed adequate values for autonomy (α = .79, ρ = .80, average variance extracted [AVE] = .50), competence (α = .85, ρ = .86, AVE = .61), and relatedness (α = .86, ρ = .86, AVE = .68) need frustration. Temporal stability analysis displayed appropriate values for autonomy (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .81), competence (ICC = .89), and relatedness (ICC = .78) need frustration. Structural equation modeling showed that, while psychological need satisfaction positively predicted autonomous motivation (β = .72, p < .001), psychological need frustration positively predicted controlled motivation (β = .43, p < .001) and amotivation (β = .48, p < .001). The adapted Psychological Need Thwarting Scale was shown to be a valid and reliable measure for assessing psychological need frustration in Spanish secondary school students.
Gastric neuroendocrine tumour, atrophic gastritis and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a case report and review
Authors: Papakonstantinou Ilias P , Karakousis Nikolaos D , Andreadis Emmanouel A
Published: August 2019

Gastric neuroendocrine tumours are rare. We describe a unique case of a 66-year-old male patient who presented with shortness of breath and malaise, eventually attributed to severe autoimmune haemolysis in the context of atrophic gastritis and multiple type-1 gastric neuroendocrine tumours. The patient had also positive anti-cardiolipin antibodies. A favourable outcome was attained with corticosteroids plus subtotal gastrectomy for the treatment of the underlying neoplastic disease. This case illustrates that the differential diagnosis of any associated causes of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia can be challenging, and may extend to unexpected conditions.
On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects
Authors: Rosenberger Robert
Published: August 2019

Instances of ‘hostile design’ appear across urban space, aimed at pushing particular behaviour – and, ultimately, particular people – out of public areas. But notions of hostile design and related concepts require theoretical clarification. Empirical study is also urgently needed on how such designs influence attitudes, behaviours and health, with implications for cities’ approaches to everything from homelessness to heatwave relief. This critical commentary reviews the main examples of hostile design, considers what, at minimum, must be addressed by theoretical accounts of this phenomenon, and identifies empirical research projects that are just waiting to be performed.
Parents, Peers, and Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking: A Group-Based Approach
Authors: Bradshaw Matt , Kent Blake Victor , Davidson James Clark , De Leon Stacy
Published: August 2019

This study examines the independent, relative, and additive associations between both parent and peer role models and longitudinal patterns of smoking across adolescence and early adulthood. An analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 10,166) reveals at least four distinct trajectories of smoking across ages 13 to 35 years: (a) nonsmokers, (b) late peak (almost 10 cigarettes per day around age 30), (c) an early peak group that reached roughly 10 cigarettes per day around age 20 and declined, and (d) a high group that increased during adolescence and early adulthood and then remained high. Parent and peer smoking behaviors were associated with trajectory group membership net of controls for sociodemographic characteristics, parental socioeconomic status (SES), parent–child relations, and the availability of cigarettes in the family home. Parents and peers appear to have at least some independent associations net of each other, but their combined effects are powerful.
Real-time nonlinear speed control of an induction motor based on a new advanced integral backstepping approach
Authors: Aichi Bilel , Bourahla Mohamed , Kendouci Khedidja , Mazari Benyounes
Published: August 2019

This work proposes a robust control scheme of a three-phase induction motor using a new Backstepping approach based on variable gains. Because of the saturation blocks that are essential to protect the control system, the use of conventional integral Backstepping could lead to a modest performance represented by overshooting and strong vibrations in transitional regimes that cause overcurrent. To develop an efficient and simple control algorithm, the variable gains propriety is used in the speed controller to offer a quick response without overshooting with good robustness against external disturbances. The same property has been introduced in current regulation by a different mean in order to develop a new solution to solve obstacles related to very low-speed operations. The asymptotic stability of the global control is proven by Lyapunov theory. The improvement of the new version compared with the classical one was verified by a brief comparative study based on simulation results. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in a dSPACE DS 1104 card, to analyze the real-time motor performance, and to test control sensitivity against parametric variations. The obtained results show a remarkable improvement of the new control concerning rapidity and stability of transient regimes, overtaking elimination and reduction of starting current, with a low algorithm sensitivity against parametric variations. We have also been able to confirm that the new current control method can guarantee optimal regulation in order to achieve a high-performance operation at very low-speed zones, in the presence of various internal and external disturbances.
Regulation between daily exhaustion and support in parenting: A dyadic perspective
Authors: Gillis Aurélie , Roskam Isabelle
Published: August 2019

The current article serves a dual purpose: to highlight the overlooked and recent concept of parenting-related exhaustion and to propose a specific methodology to test concurrent variations of the parent’s exhaustion with the partner’s exhaustion and her or his perceived and given support. Questionnaire data were collected from 97 mother–father couples over the course of 5 consecutive days. Results from multilevel model analyses revealed day-to-day dyadic variations as well as day-to-day regulation occurring in parental couples. The dyadic variations were shown by the fact that over the week, on the days when one parent felt more exhausted, the other parent’s exhaustion was also high. Dyadic regulation meant that greater exhaustion felt by one parent was associated with greater support from her or his partner. Partner’s extra support was both perceived by the exhausted parent and reported by the support provider (i.e., the partner).
Fertility Desires of Childless Poles: Which Childbearing Motives Matter for Men and Women?
Authors: Mynarska Monika , Rytel Jolanta
Published: August 2019

In modern societies, a growing number of people choose to remain childless. As childlessness has fundamental consequences for individuals and societies, it is of paramount importance to understand this choice. We investigate which childbearing motives are related to low-fertility desire of Poles, deterring them from wanting to have children? We look at the motivations of 939 nulliparous men and women, aged 25 to 44 years, who completed the Childbearing Questionnaire as a part of the study on reasons for childlessness. Individuals who were concerned about the negative aspects of child care (time, energy, financial costs) had the least desire to have children. Other motives were gender-specific: for women emotional aspects, especially related to pregnancy and infancy were important; for men—satisfactions of child rearing and traditional values of children. The role of fears and worries related to parenthood is discussed in details, as under certain circumstances it may concur with strong childbearing desire.
Maintaining Masculinities in Japan’s Transnational Surfscapes: Space, Place, and Gender
Authors: Doering Adam , Evers Clifton
Published: August 2019

This article examines the local practices, histories, and transnational circulation and exchange of gender ideologies within Japanese surfscapes. A focus on gender in relation to Japanese surf culture is critical as the ways surf spaces in Japan are governed and/or have changed in recent years has as much to do with transnational gender surf ideologies as with its domestic gender norms. More specifically, we examine how gendered ideologies in Japan are mobilized in particular ways depending on the conditions of possibility—the cultural, social, geographical, historical, and networked elements—that comprise any given surfscape. To draw attention to the complexities involved in the relationship between space, place, and gender in Japan, the enquiry is undertaken in a highly localized, territorial, and big-wave surf site in Wakayama Prefecture and surrounding Kansai region. This site has been chosen because of how it localizes a unique mode of trans-Pacific surf culture, thereby offering insight into the nuances, issues, and strategies of social change as surfing continues to evolve in the region. The aim of the analysis is twofold. The first is contextual, highlighting the importance of the culturally and site-specific character of how surf culture and gender relations are assembled in the Japanese context. The second is to offer insight into the specific histories and transnational relationships informing the gendered practices of surfing in Japan today. The intention is to highlight the diversity of surf cultures throughout East Asia and the different ways surfing lifestyles are localized in relation to socio-political-ecological place-making and gender.
Manning Up: Modern Manhood, Rudimentary Pugilistic Capital, and Esquire Network’s White Collar Brawlers
Authors: Berg Adam , Linden Andrew D. , Schultz Jaime
Published: August 2019

Debuting in 2013, Esquire Network’s first season of White Collar Brawlers features professional-class men with workplace conflicts looking to “settle the score in the ring.” In the show, white-collar men are portrayed as using boxing to reclaim ostensibly primal aspects of masculinity, which their professional lives do not provide, making them appear as better men and more productive constituents of a postindustrial service economy. Through this narrative process, White Collar Brawlers romanticizes a unique fusion of postindustrial white-collar employment and the blue-collar labors of the boxing gym. This construction, which Esquire calls “modern manhood,” simultaneously empowers professional-class men while limiting the social mobility of actual blue-collar workers. Based on a critical textual analysis that adopts provisional and rudimentary aspects of Wacquant’s conception of “pugilistic capital,” we contend that Esquire Network has created a show where men are exposed to and sold an image of “modern manhood” that reifies class-based differences and reaffirms the masculine hegemony of white-collar identities.
Concussions and Capital: Tom Brady, CTE, and the NFL’s Crisis of Identity
Authors: Siegel Brett
Published: August 2019

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)–related research has threatened the NFL’s reputation, the prospects of its labor pool, and its most dominant mythologies. To survive this crisis, the league must assuage the concerns of current and aspiring players as well as disillusioned fans. Although the NFL claims to be mitigating its embedded violence, it reflexively clings to its identity as a bastion for militarized and nationalized masculinity. Gisele Bündchen’s comments that her husband Tom Brady suffers regular concussions elicited a momentary rupture for a sports media landscape tasked with suturing the hegemonic, heteronormative, and racialized narratives crucial to the NFL brand. The ensuing project to realign the meanings of a valuable celebrity, commodity, and symbolic text elides and marginalizes those who are most vulnerable in the concussion crisis.