bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CryoPPP: A Large Expert-Labelled Cryo-EM Image Dataset for Machine Learning Protein Particle Picking
Authors: Dhakal Ashwin , Gyawali Rajan , Wang Liguo , Cheng Jianlin
Published: February 2023

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is currently the most powerful technique for determining the structures of large protein complexes and assemblies. Picking single-protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs (images) is a key step in reconstructing protein structures. However, the widely used template-based particle picking process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Though the emerging machine learning-based particle picking can potentially automate the process, its development is severely hindered by lack of large, high-quality, manually labelled training data. Here, we present CryoPPP, a large, diverse, expert-curated cryo-EM image dataset for single protein particle picking and analysis to address this bottleneck. It consists of manually labelled cryo-EM micrographs of 32 non-redundant, representative protein datasets selected from the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive (EMPIAR). It includes 9,089 diverse, high-resolution micrographs (∼300 cryo-EM images per EMPIAR dataset) in which the coordinates of protein particles were labelled by human experts. The protein particle labelling process was rigorously validated by both 2D particle class validation and 3D density map validation with the gold standard. The dataset is expected to greatly facilitate the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence methods for automated cryo-EM protein particle picking. The dataset and data processing scripts are available athttps://github.com/BioinfoMachineLearning/cryoppp
In-vivo subdermal implant in the alpha-Gal knockout mice model for the assessment of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification rate before and after a polyphenols-based treatment
Authors: Naso Filippo , Colli Andrea , Zilla Peter , Calafiore Antonio Maria , Lotan Chaim , Padalino Massimo A , Sturaro Giulio , Gandaglia Alessandro , Spina Michele
Published: February 2023

Rationale

The presence of preformed antibodies against αGal in the human lead to opsonization of the implanted bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV), leading to deterioration and calcification. Murine subcutaneous implantation of BHVs leaflets has been widely used for testing the efficacy of anti-calcification treatments, however, unlike the situation in humans, leaflets implanted into a murine model will not be able to elicit an αGal immune response because both donor and recipient species constitutively express the epitope.

Objective

This study evaluates the calcium deposition on commercial BHV using a new humanized murine αGal knockout (KO) animal model. Furtherly, the anti-calcification efficacy of a polyphenol-based treatment was deeply investigated.

Methods and Results

By using CRISPR/Cas9 approach an αGal KO mouse was created and used for the evaluation of the calcific propensity of original and polyphenols-treated BHV by subcutaneous implantation. The calcium quantification was carried out by plasma analysis; the immune response evaluation was performed by histology and immunological assays. Anti-αGal antibodies level in KO mice increases at least double after 2 months of implantation of original commercial BHV compared to WT mice, conversely, the polyphenols-based treatment seems to effectively mask the antigen to the KO mice’s immune system. Commercial leaflets explanted after 1 month from KO mice showed a four-time increased calcium deposition than what was observed on that explanted from WT. Polyphenol treatment prevents calcium deposition by over 99% in both KO and WT animals.

Conclusions

The implantation of commercial BHV leaflets significantly stimulates the KO mouse immune system resulting in massive production of anti-Gal antibodies and the exacerbation of the αGal-related calcific effect if compared with the WT mouse. The polyphenol-based treatment applied in this investigation showed an unexpected ability to inhibit the recognition of BHV xenoantigens by circulating antibodies completely preventing calcific depositions compared to the untreated counterpart.
Machined silicon traps for capturing novel bacterial communities and strainsin-situ
Authors: Romero Santiveri Clara , Vineis Joseph H. , Martins Sofia , Calaza Carlos , Gaspar João , Bowen Jennifer L. , Goluch Edgar D.
Published: February 2023

We tested the feasibility of a novel machined silicon nanopore enrichment device to recover individual microbial taxa from anaerobic sediments. Unlike other environmental isolation devices that have multiple entry points for bacteria or require the sample to be manually placed inside of a culturing chamber, our silicon device contains 24 precisely sized and spaced nanopores, each of which is connected to one culturing well, thereby providing only one entry point for bacteria. The culturing wells allow nutrient transport, so the bacteria that enter continue to experience their natural chemical environment, allowing collection of microbes without manipulating the environment. The device was deployed in marsh sediment and subsequently returned to the laboratory for bacterial culturing and analysis. 16S rRNA marker gene and metagenomic sequencing was used to quantify the number of different microbial taxa cultured from the device. The 16S rRNA sequencing results indicate that each well of the device contained between 1 and 62 different organisms from several taxonomic groups, including likely novel taxa. We also sequenced the metagenome from 8 of the 24 wells, enabling the reconstruction of 56 metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs), and 44 of these MAGs represented non-redundant genome reconstructions. These results demonstrate that our novel silicon nanofluidic device can be used for isolating and culturing consortia containing a small number of microbial taxa from anaerobic sediments, which can be very valuable in determining their physiological potential.

Importance

There are very few methods that can remove a few bacterial cells from a complex environment and keep the cells alive so that they can propagate sufficiently to be analyzed in a laboratory. Such methods are important to develop because the physiological functions of individual species of bacteria are often unknown, cannot be determined directly in the complex sample, and many bacterial cells cannot be grown outside of their natural environment. A novel bacterial isolation device has been made tested in a salt marsh. The results show that the device successfully isolated small groups of bacterial species from the incredibly diverse surroundings. The communities of bacteria were easily removed from the device in the laboratory and analyzed.
Delta-band neural envelope tracking predicts speech intelligibility in noise in preschoolers
Authors: Van Hirtum Tilde , Somers Ben , Verschueren Eline , Dieudonné Benjamin , Francart Tom
Published: February 2023

Behavioral tests are currently the gold standard in measuring speech intelligibility. However, these tests can be difficult to administer in young children due to factors such as motivation, linguistic knowledge and cognitive skills. It has been shown that measures of neural envelope tracking can be used to predict speech intelligibility and overcome these issues. However, its potential as an objective measure for speech intelligibility in noise remains to be investigated in preschool children. Here, we evaluated neural envelope tracking as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in 14 5-year-old children. We examined EEG responses to natural, continuous speech presented at different SNRs ranging from -8 (very difficult) to 8 dB SNR (very easy). As expected delta band (0.5-4 Hz) tracking increased with increasing stimulus SNR. However, this increase was not strictly monotonic as neural tracking reached a plateau between 0 and 4 dB SNR, similarly to the behavioral speech intelligibility outcomes. These findings indicate that neural tracking in the delta band remains stable, as long as the acoustical degradation of the speech signal does not reflect significant changes in speech intelligibility. Theta band tracking (4-8 Hz), on the other hand, was found to be drastically reduced and more easily affected by noise in children, making it less reliable as a measure of speech intelligibility. By contrast, neural envelope tracking in the delta band was directly associated with behavioral measures of speech intelligibility. This suggests that neural envelope tracking in the delta band is a valuable tool for evaluating speech-in-noise intelligibility in preschoolers, highlighting its potential as an objective measure of speech in difficult-to-test populations.
The Future of the United States Overdose Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: CERDÁ MAGDALENA , KRAWCZYK NOA , KEYES KATHERINE
Published: February 2023

Policy Points

People are dying at record numbers from overdose in the United States.

Concerted action has led to a number of successes, including reduced inappropriate opioid prescribing and increased availability of opioid use disorder treatment and harm‐reduction efforts, yet ongoing challenges include criminalization of drug use and regulatory and stigma barriers to expansion of treatment and harm‐reduction services.

Priorities for action include investing in evidence‐based and compassionate policies and programs that address sources of opioid demand, decriminalizing drug use and drug paraphernalia, enacting policies to make medication for opioid use disorder more accessible, and promoting drug checking and safe drug supply.
Circ_0001667 accelerates breast cancer proliferation and angiogenesis through regulating CXCL10 expression by sponging miR‐6838‐5p
Authors: Zhang Xu , Huang Jiami , Wang Jiayun , Li Yongheng , Hu Guohua , Li He
Published: February 2023

Background

An increasing number of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of circ_0001667 and its potential molecular mechanisms in breast cancer.

Methods

The expression levels of circ_0001667, miR‐6838‐5p and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in breast cancer tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR. Cell counting kit‐8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, colony formation and tube formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The binding relationship between miR‐6838‐5p and circ_0001667 or CXCL10 was predicted using the starBase3.0 database and verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, RIP and RNA pulldown. Animal experiments were performed to assess the function of circ_0001667 knockdown on breast cancer tumor growth.

Results

Circ_0001667 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells, and its knockdown inhibited proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells. Circ_0001667 sponged miR‐6838‐5p, and inhibition of miR‐6838‐5p reversed the inhibitory effect of silencing circ_0001667 on proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells. MiR‐6838‐5p targeted CXCL10, and overexpression of CXCL10 reverses the effect of miR‐6838‐5p overexpression on breast cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In addition, circ_0001667 interference also reduced breast cancer tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion

Circ_0001667 is involved in breast cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis through regulation of the miR‐6838‐5p/CXCL10 axis.
Rate‐dependent effects of narrative interventions in a longitudinal study of individuals who use alcohol
Authors: Craft William H. , Dwyer Candice L. , Tomlinson Devin C. , Yeh Yu‐Hua , Tegge Allison N. , Bickel Warren K.
Published: February 2023

Background

Delay discounting (DD), the decrease in reward valuation as a function of delay to receipt, is a key process undergirding alcohol use. Narrative interventions, including episodic future thinking (EFT), have decreased delay discounting and demand for alcohol. Rate dependence, the relationship between a baseline rate and change in that rate after an intervention, has been evidenced as a marker of efficacious substance use treatment, but whether narrative interventions have rate‐dependent effects needs to be better understood. We investigated the effects of narrative interventions on delay discounting and hypothetical demand for alcohol in this longitudinal, online study.

Methods

Individuals (n = 696) reporting high‐ or low‐risk alcohol use were recruited for a longitudinal 3‐week survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Delay discounting and alcohol demand breakpoint were assessed at baseline. Individuals returned at weeks 2 and 3 and were randomized into the EFT or scarcity narrative interventions and again completed the delay discounting tasks and alcohol breakpoint task. Oldham's correlation was used to explore the rate‐dependent effects of narrative interventions. Study attrition as a function of delay discounting was assessed.

Results

Episodic future thinking significantly decreased, while scarcity significantly increased delay discounting relative to baseline. No effects of EFT or scarcity on the alcohol demand breakpoint were observed. Significant rate‐dependent effects were observed for both narrative intervention types. Higher delay discounting rates were associated with a greater likelihood of attrition from the study.

Conclusion

The evidence of a rate‐dependent effect of EFT on delay discounting rates offers a more nuanced, mechanistic understanding of this novel therapeutic intervention and can allow more precise treatment targeting by demonstrating who is likely to receive the most benefit from it.
Validation of the quantification of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 concentrations in TASSO‐M20 devices
Authors: Jett Julianne D. , Beck Rachael , Tyutyunnyk Diana , Sanchez Jesus , Lopez‐Cruzan Marisa , Ginsburg Brett C. , McPherson Sterling M. , Javors Martin A. , McDonell Michael G. , Hill‐Kapturczak Nathalie
Published: February 2023

Background

Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth), found in whole blood, is a biomarker for alcohol consumption with high sensitivity, specificity, and a long detection window. The TASSO‐M20 device is used to self‐collect capillary blood from the upper arm and has advantages over finger stick methods. The purpose of this study was to (1) validate PEth measurement using the TASSO‐M20 device, (2) describe the TASSO‐M20 for blood self‐collection during a virtual intervention, and (3) characterize PEth, urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) and self‐reported alcohol in a single participant over time.

Methods

PEth levels in blood samples dried on TASSO‐M20 plugs were compared to those in (1) liquid whole blood (N = 14) and (2) dried blood spot cards (DBS; N = 23). Additionally, the self‐reported drinking, positive or negative uEtG results (dip card cutoff ≥300 ng/mL), and observed self‐collection of blood with TASSO‐M20 devices for PEth levels were obtained over time during virtual interviews of a single contingency management participant. High‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection was used to measure PEth levels for both preparations.

Results

PEth concentrations from dried blood on TASSO‐M20 plugs and liquid whole blood were correlated (0 to 1700 ng/mL; N = 14; r2 = 0.988; slope = 0.951) and in a subgroup of samples with lower concentrations (N = 7; 0 to 200 ng/mL; r2 = 0.944, slope = 0.816). PEth concentrations from dried blood on TASSO‐M20 plugs and DBS were correlated (0 to 2200 ng/mL; N = 23; r2 = 0.927; slope = 0.667) and in a subgroup of samples with lower concentrations (N = 16; 0 to 180 ng/mL; r2 = 0.978, slope = 0.749). Results of the contingency management participant indicate that changes in PEth levels (TASSO‐M20) and uEtG concentrations were consistent with each other and with changes in self‐reported alcohol use.

Conclusions

Our data support the utility, accuracy, and feasibility of using the TASSO‐M20 device for blood self‐collection during a virtual study. The TASSO‐M20 device had multiple advantages over the typical finger stick method, including consistent blood collection, participant acceptability, and less discomfort as indicated by acceptability interviews.
A review of JAK and IL‐23 inhibitors to treat vitiligo
Authors: Lee Henry , Cowan Timothy L. , Daniel Benjamin S. , Murrell Dédée F.
Published: February 2023

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder resulting in the depigmentation of skin characterised by patches of varying sizes and shapes. A common disorder of pigmentation that affects 0.5%–2% of the global population. Despite its well‐understood autoimmune pathogenesis, the targets for effective cytokine intervention remain unclear. Current first‐line treatments include oral or topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and phototherapy. These treatments are limited, have varying efficacies, and are associated with significant adverse events or can be time‐consuming. Therefore, biologics should be explored as a potential treatment for vitiligo. There are currently limited data for the use of JAK and IL‐23 inhibitors for vitiligo. A total of 25 studies were identified in the review. There is promising evidence regarding the use of JAK and IL‐23 inhibitors for the treatment of vitiligo.
Accessto dental insurance and oral health inequities in the United States
Authors: Borrell Luisa N. , Reynolds Julie C. , Fleming Eleanor , Shah Parth D.
Published: February 2023

While the oral health status of the United States (U.S.) population has improved over the years, racial/ethnic inequities are pervasive with Black Americans carrying a greater burden of oral diseases in most measured outcomes. Access to dental care is a major structural and societal determinant of oral health inequities rooted in structural racism. From post‐Civil War‐era to present day, this essay presents a series of examples of racist policies that have shaped access to dental insurance for Black Americans both directly and indirectly. Additionally, this essay explains the unique challenges of Medicare and Medicaid highlighting the specific disparities that these public insurance programs face, and proposes policy recommendations aimed to reduce racial/ethnic inequities in dental coverage and access to advance the nation's oral health with comprehensive dental benefits in public insurance programs.
Achieving conservation and restoration outcomes through ecologically beneficial aquaculture
Authors: Overton Kathy , Dempster Tim , Swearer Stephen E. , Morris Rebecca L. , Barrett Luke T.
Published: February 2023

A range of conservation and restoration tools are needed to safeguard the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Aquaculture, the culturing of aquatic organisms, often contributes to the numerous stressors that aquatic ecosystems face, yet some aquaculture activities can also deliver ecological benefits. We reviewed the literature on aquaculture activities that may contribute to conservation and restoration outcomes, either by enhancing the persistence or recovery of one or more target species or by moving aquatic ecosystems toward a target state. We identified 12 ecologically beneficial outcomes achievable via aquaculture: species recovery, habitat restoration, habitat rehabilitation, habitat protection, bioremediation, assisted evolution, climate change mitigation, wild harvest replacement, coastal defense, removal of overabundant species, biological control, and ex situ conservation. This list may be expanded as new applications are discovered. Positive intentions do not guarantee positive ecological outcomes, so it is critical that potentially ecologically beneficial aquaculture activities be evaluated via clear and measurable indicators of success to reduce potential abuse by greenwashing. Unanimity on outcomes, indicators, and related terminology will bring the field of aquaculture–environment interactions into line with consensus standards in conservation and restoration ecology. Broad consensus will also aid the development of future certification schemes for ecologically beneficial aquaculture.
Association between residual islet beta‐cell function and achieving the target of time in range in inpatients with type 2 diabetes undergoing antidiabetic treatment: An observation study
Authors: Xia Zhang , You Wenjun , Li Yuhao , Li Feng , Hao Shuai , Sun Yihan , Li Na , Lin Lu , Dou Jingtao , Su Xin , Zhai Qi , Zuo Yingting , Zhang Yibo , Gaisano Herbert Y. , Zheng Deqiang , He Yan , Jiang Jiajia
Published: February 2023

Aim

To assess whether the beta‐cell function of inpatients undergoing antidiabetic treatment influences achieving time in range (TIR) and time above range (TAR) targets.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 180 inpatients with type 2 diabetes. TIR and TAR were assessed by a continuous glucose monitoring system, with target achievement defined as TIR more than 70% and TAR less than 25%. Beta‐cell function was assessed by the insulin secretion‐sensitivity index‐2 (ISSI2).

Results

Following antidiabetic treatment, logistic regression analysis showed that lower ISSI2 was associated with a decreased number of inpatients achieving TIR (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.19‐8.06) and TAR (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.35‐8.55) targets after adjusting for potential confounders. Similar associations still existed in those participants treated with insulin secretagogues (TIR: OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 0.90‐9.36, P = .07; TAR, OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.01‐9.80) or adequate insulin therapy (TIR: OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 0.91‐8.81, P = .07; TAR, OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.08‐9.67). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the diagnostic value of the ISSI2 for achieving TIR and TAR targets was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.80) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63‐0.79), respectively.

Conclusions

Beta‐cell function was associated with achieving TIR and TAR targets. Stimulating insulin secretion or exogenous insulin treatment could not overcome the disadvantage of lower beta‐cell function on glycaemic control.
Retracted: Urethral diverticula in a 26‐year‐old gelding: A unique case report
Authors: Hermans Lisa‐Marie , Borde‐Doré Laura , Drumond Bianca , Cadoré Jean‐Luc
Published: February 2023

Hermans, L.‐M., Borde‐Doré, L., Drumond, B. & Cadoré, J.‐L. (2023) Urethral diverticula in a 26‐year‐old gelding: A unique case report. Equine Veterinary Education, (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eve.13781). The above article, published online on 22 February 2023 in Wiley Online Library (https://wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Dr Timothy Mair, EVJ Ltd, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to an unintentional misdiagnosis by the authors which invalidates the conclusions of the case report.
Work–family conflict, educational involvement, and adolescent academic engagement duringCOVID‐19: An investigation of developmental differences
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Liu Sihan , Wu Xinchun , Ren Yizhen , Zou Shengqi
Published: February 2023

Objective

In this research, we examine the mediating effect of educational involvement between parental work–family conflict and adolescent academic engagement during COVID‐19, as well as the differences among developmental stages.

Background

Online learning during the COVID‐19 lockdown created challenges for adolescent academic engagement. One of the toughest challenges was that parents experienced increased work–family conflict, making it difficult for them to be involved in adolescent education. In this context, it is essential to understand the impact of parental work–family conflict on adolescent academic engagement.

Method

A total of 886 dual‐income families participated in the study. Mothers and fathers completed the questionnaire, including questions regarding work–family conflict and educational involvement. Adolescents completed an academic engagement scale.

Results

The structural equation model in the total sample showed that parental educational involvement mediated the effect of maternal work–family conflict on adolescent academic engagement. In addition, paternal educational involvement mediated the effect of paternal work–family conflict on adolescent academic engagement. Multigroup analysis indicated the impact of work–family conflict only existed in middle and late adolescence, and mother played a more important role in late adolescence.

Conclusion

The study results confirmed the mediating role of parental educational involvement between the relationship of paternal work–family conflict and adolescent academic engagement. Furthermore, this relationship may vary for families with an adolescent at different developmental stages.
A genome‐wide association study identified new variants associated with mathematical abilities in Chinese children
Authors: Zhang Liming , Wang Zhengjun , Zhu Zijian , Yang Qing , Cheng Chen , Zhao Shunan , Liu Chunyu , Zhao Jingjing
Published: February 2023

Mathematical ability is moderately heritable, and it is a complex trait which can be evaluated in several different categories. A few genetic studies have been published on general mathematical ability. However, no genetic study focused on specific mathematical ability categories. In this study, we separately performed genome‐wide association studies on 11 mathematical ability categories in 1146 students from Chinese elementary schools. We identified seven genome‐wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with strong linkage disequilibrium among each other (all r2 > 0.8) associated with mathematical reasoning ability (top SNP: rs34034296, p = 2.01 × 10−8, nearest gene: CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3, CSMD3). We replicated one SNP (rs133885) from 585 SNPs previously reported to be associated with general mathematical ability associated with division ability in our data (p = 1.053 × 10−5). In the gene‐ and gene‐set enrichment analysis by MAGMA, we found three significant enrichments of associations with three mathematical ability categories for three genes (LINGO2, OAS1 and HECTD1). We also observed four significant enrichments of associations with four mathematical ability categories for three gene sets. Our results suggest new candidate genetic loci for the genetics of mathematical ability.
Connected early‐career experiences of equality in academia during the pandemic and beyond: Our liminal journey
Authors: Scholz Frederike , Szulc Joanna Maria
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we draw on our subjective experiences as two female early‐career academics during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. While we acknowledge that the pandemic had negative implications for many female scholars due to compulsory telework or increased family responsibilities, we also want to shed light on the empowering experiences shaped by collegial support that became an important part of our pandemic story. We build on the theory of liminality to explain how the events triggered by the pandemic allowed us to break out of our uncomfortable occupational limbo (i.e., feeling “locked‐in” to the identity of a foreign‐born PhD graduate) and, through creating a kind of equality, resulted in some unique opportunities and challenges. During these difficult times, shaped by an increasing fear of us or our family catching COVID‐19, we embarked on a betwixt‐and‐between state that allowed us to grow as academics as a part of a collective.
Transvaginal mesh in Australia: An analysis of news media reporting from 1996 to 2021
Authors: Motamedi Mina , Carter Stacy M. , Degeling Chris
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Transvaginal mesh (mesh) surgeries have been used to treat stress urinary incontinence (incontinence) and/or pelvic organ prolapse (prolapse). In Australia, as in many other countries, the harms caused by mesh eventually prompted individual and collective attempts to achieve redress. The rise of mesh surgery as a procedure, the experience of mesh‐affected women and the formal inquiries and legal actions that followed all occurred in social, cultural and discursive contexts. One strategy to understand these contexts is to track how the mesh and key actors in the mesh stories have been portrayed in mass media sources. We conducted a media analysis of the most highly read Australian newspapers and online news media platforms, focusing on how mesh and the interaction of stakeholders in mesh stories were presented to the Australian public.

Method

We searched systematically in the top 10 most‐read print and online media outlets in Australia. We included all articles that mentioned mesh, from the date of first use of mesh in Australia to the date of our final search (1996–2021).

Result

After early scant media reporting focusing on the benefits of mesh procedures, major Australian medicolegal processes created a hook to shift reporting about mesh. The news media then played a significant role in redressing women's experienced epistemic injustice, including by amplifying previously ignored evidence of harm. This created an opportunity for previously unreported suffering to be revealed to powerful actors, in settings beyond the immediate control and epistemic authority of healthcare stakeholders, validating women's testimony and creating new hermeneutic resources for understanding mesh. Over time, media reports show healthcare stakeholders responding sympathetically to these new understandings in public discourse, contrasting with their statements in earlier media coverage.

Conclusion

We argue that mass media reporting, in synergy with medicolegal actions and the Australian Senate Inquiry, appears to have provided women with greater epistemic justice, giving their testimony privileged epistemic status such that it was considered by powerful actors. Although medical reporting is not recognised in the hierarchy of evidence embedded in the medical knowledge system, in this case, media reporting appears to have contributed to shaping medical knowledge in significant ways.

Patient or Public Contribution

We used publicly available data, print and online media outlets, for our analysis. Therefore, this manuscript does not contain the direct contribution of patients, service users, caregivers, people with lived experience or members of the public.
Prescribed fire increases the number of ground‐nesting bee nests in tallgrass prairie remnants
Authors: Brokaw Julia , Portman Zachary M. , Bruninga‐Socolar Bethanne , Cariveau Daniel P.
Published: February 2023

Prescribed burning is a common management technique in tallgrass prairie remnants, but there have been few empirical studies that directly examine burning impacts on the nesting preferences and habitat of ground‐nesting bees.

We used emergence traps in remnant tallgrass prairies in western Minnesota, USA to determine whether ground‐nesting bees prefer to nest in burned or unburned prairies. We estimated the total number of nests made by actively nesting bees in burned and unburned patches by assessing each specimen for wing and mandible wear, sex, and sociality. We also measured characteristics that may influence bee nesting preferences including bare ground, thatch depth, vegetative cover, and the floral community.

We found more nests of actively nesting ground‐nesting bees in burned patches than unburned patches, but no differences in effective number of species of ground‐nesting bees or community composition. Burned patches had higher amounts of percent bare ground and a thinner thatch layer, but no differences in percent vegetative cover, floral abundance, flowering plant species richness, effective number of species of flowers or community composition.

Our results suggest that ground‐nesting bees prefer to nest in burned patches of remnant tallgrass prairies and highlight opportunities for future research to better understand bee nesting ecology in response to prairie management.
Incorporation of patient and family values and preferences for health‐related outcomes in paediatric obesity management: A systematic review
Authors: Zenlea Ian S. , Sebastianski Meghan , Kucera Marsha , Mushquash Aislin R. , Boles Kara , Brogly Jennifer , Delacruz Brownwyn , McGeown Laura , Ball Geoff D. C. , Johnston Bradley C. ,   the Steering Committee for Updating Canada's Clinical Practice Guideline for Managing Pediatric Obesity
Published: February 2023

Objective

A systematic review of value and preference studies conducted in children and their caregivers related to the estimated benefits and harms of interventions for managing paediatric obesity.

Methods

We searched Ovid Medline (1946–2022), Ovid Embase (1974–2022), EBSCO CINAHL (inception to 2022), Elsevier Scopus (inception to 2022), and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (inception to 2022). Reports were eligible if they included: behavioural and psychological, pharmacological, or surgical interventions; participants between (or had a mean age within) 0–18 years old with overweight or obesity; systematic reviews, primary quantitative, qualitative, or mixed/multiple methods studies; and values and preferences as main study outcomes. At least two team members independently screened studies, abstracted data, and appraised study quality.

Results

Our search yielded 11 010 reports; eight met the inclusion criteria. One study directly assessed values and preferences based on hypothetical pharmacological treatment for hyperphagia in individuals with Prader‐Willi Syndrome. Although not having reported on values and preferences using our a priori definitions, the remaining seven qualitative studies (n = 6 surgical; n = 1 pharmacological) explored general beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions about surgical and pharmacological interventions. No studies pertained to behavioural and psychological interventions.

Conclusion

Future research is needed to elicit the values and preferences of children and caregivers using the best available estimates of the benefits and harms for pharmacological, surgical, and behavioural and psychological interventions.
Digital workflow for periodontal splinting with a guided device
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Bai Shizhu , Zhong Sheng , Liu Hengyan , Tian Min , Niu Lina , Fang Ming
Published: February 2023

Objective

To detail a technique for bonding periodontal splint precisely in a digital workflow.

Clinical Considerations

Periodontal splinting can be considered to stabilize the mobile teeth, especially for mandibular anterior teeth. Reliable bonding of periodontal splints is a prerequisite for successful clinical performance. However, when bonding the indirect splint to place or making direct splint intraorally, there is a significant risk of mobile teeth drifting away from the splint. To guide accurate insertion of periodontal splint with no risk of displacement of mobile teeth, a guide device fabricated by digital workflow is introduced in this article.

Conclusions

Periodontal compromised teeth can be provisionally fixed during splinting, with the help of the guided device, and precise bonding of the splint is readily accomplished by using such digital workflow. This technique is not only applicable to the lingual splints, but also suitable for the labial ones.

Clinical Significance

The use of a guided device, after being digitally designed and fabricated, enables to stabilize the mobile teeth, in case of any displacement during splinting. It is straightforward, and beneficial to reduce the risk of complications, such as debonding of the splint, and secondary occlusal trauma.
Genomic variation across Chinook salmon populations reveals effects of a duplication on migration alleles and supports fine scale structure
Authors: Horn Rebekah L. , Narum Shawn R.
Published: February 2023

The distribution of ecotypic variation in natural populations is influenced by neutral and adaptive evolutionary forces that are challenging to disentangle. This study provides a high‐resolution portrait of genomic variation in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with emphasis on a region of major effect for ecotypic variation in migration timing. With a filtered data set of ~13 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from low‐coverage whole genome resequencing of 53 populations (3566 barcoded individuals), we contrasted patterns of genomic structure within and among major lineages and examined the extent of a selective sweep at a major effect region underlying migration timing (GREB1L/ROCK1). Neutral variation provided support for fine‐scale structure of populations, while allele frequency variation in GREB1L/ROCK1 was highly correlated with mean return timing for early and late migrating populations within each of the lineages (r2 = .58–.95; p < .001). However, the extent of selection within the genomic region controlling migration timing was much narrower in one lineage (interior stream‐type) compared to the other two major lineages, which corresponded to the breadth of phenotypic variation in migration timing observed among lineages. Evidence of a duplicated block within GREB1L/ROCK1 may be responsible for reduced recombination in this portion of the genome and contributes to phenotypic variation within and across lineages. Lastly, SNP positions across GREB1L/ROCK1 were assessed for their utility in discriminating migration timing among lineages, and we recommend multiple markers nearest the duplication to provide highest accuracy in conservation applications such as those that aim to protect early migrating Chinook salmon. These results highlight the need to investigate variation throughout the genome and the effects of structural variants on ecologically relevant phenotypic variation in natural species.
Natural variation of FKF1 controls flowering and adaptation during soybean domestication and improvement
Authors: Li Haiyang , Du Haiping , He Milan , Wang Jianhao , Wang Fan , Yuan Wenjie , Huang Zerong , Cheng Qun , Gou Chuanjie , Chen Zheng , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Fang Chao , Zhao Xiaohui , Yu Deyue
Published: February 2023

Soybean (Glycine max) is a major source of protein and edible oil world‐wide and is cultivated in a wide range of latitudes. However, it is extremely sensitive to photoperiod, which influences flowering time, maturity, and yield, and severely limits soybean latitude adaptation.

In this study, a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified a novel locus in accessions harboring the E1 allele, called Time of flowering 8 (Tof8), which promotes flowering and enhances adaptation to high latitude in cultivated soybean. Gene functional analyses showed that Tof8 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis FKF1.

We identified two FKF1 homologs in the soybean genome. Both FKF1 homologs are genetically dependent on E1 by binding to E1 promoter to activate E1 transcription, thus repressing FLOWERING LOCUS T 2a (FT2a) and FT5a transcription, which modulate flowering and maturity through the E1 pathway.

We also demonstrate that the natural allele FKF1bH3 facilitated adaptation of soybean to high‐latitude environments and was selected during domestication and improvement, leading to its rapid expansion in cultivated soybean. These findings provide novel insights into the roles of FKF1 in controlling flowering time and maturity in soybean and offer new means to fine‐tune adaptation to high latitudes and increase grain yield.
Introducing Norwegian parents to the Circle of Security Parenting program during the postpartum period: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Glavin Kari , Solberg Beate , Marie Sæther Kristin
Published: February 2023

Objective

Public health nurses in Norway provide a range of health promotion and primary prevention services to families in the postpartum period. The study objectives were to describe parents' experiences of: 1) being introduced to the Circle of Security Parenting program during a home visit and 2) participating in a parent group meeting.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Sample

A purposeful sample of 24 caregivers (n = 15 mothers, n = 9 fathers) parenting an infant.

Measures

In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to document participants experiences. Content analysis was used to code and categorize the data.

Findings

Three main categories with seven subcategories reflected the parents’ experiences: 1) Confidence‐building home visit, 2) Awareness‐raising parental group, 3) Dissemination of knowledge.

Conclusions

The parents experienced the home visit as being on their family's terms and reassuring. The parental group session started a reflection process which made them aware of the importance of being present for their child, how to modify their communication and have a common understanding of childrearing. The parents thought the group was a great way to introduce the Circle of Security Parenting program and experienced it as a continuation of the information presented at the home visit. The introduction provided them with new knowledge.
“Not a box of nuts and bolts”: Distribution channels for specialty drugs
Authors: Xu Liang , Mani Vidya , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2023

One of the most important trends in the pharmaceutical industry is the rapid growth of specialty drugs. Specialty drugs, mostly bio based, tend to be high risk, high priced, and more regulated than traditional drugs, resulting in unprecedented challenges in distribution. Such challenges lead to the emergence of specialty distributors (SDs), which, compared with traditional wholesalers (WSs), represent a more controlled channel and carry a smaller variety of drugs. Due to the risky nature of specialty drugs, manufacturers must consider the trade‐off between access and control in determining whether to use SDs (partially or exclusively). Using a unique dataset assembled from multiple proprietary and public data sources on the transactions for 419 specialty drugs across 11 manufacturers (including 8 of the top 15 manufacturers), 161 distributors, and 129,911 points of care (POCs) in 2012–2015, we investigate how the competing factors of access and control influence manufacturers’ usage of SDs (vs. WSs), with access indicated by downstream POCs’ required product variety and control indicated by regulations on the network. We find that interestingly, the imposition of the regulations in general on the product is not associated with higher usage of SDs, but the imposition of the regulations with a specific element (restrictive access) is. In addition, downstream POCs’ need for convenient access to the required drug variety is associated with lower SD usage. Our study contributes to the limited supply chain literature on risky products and the limited empirical research on Business‐to‐Business (B2B) distribution decisions, and provides important insights and guidance to manufacturers, downstream POCs, and regulators.
Flagellin and mannitol modulate callose biosynthesis and deposition in soybean seedlings
Authors: Sangi Sara , Olimpio Geovanna Vitória , Coelho Fernanda Silva , Alexandrino Camilla R. , Da Cunha Maura , Grativol Clícia
Published: February 2023

Callose is a polymer deposited on the cell wall and is necessary for plant growth and development. Callose is synthesized by genes from the glucan synthase‐like family (GSL) and dynamically responds to various types of stress. Callose can inhibit pathogenic infection, in the case of biotic stresses, and maintain cell turgor and stiffen the plant cell wall in abiotic stresses. Here, we report the identification of 23 GSL genes (GmGSL) in the soybean genome. We performed phylogenetic analyses, gene structure prediction, duplication patterns, and expression profiles on several RNA‐Seq libraries. Our analyses show that WGD/Segmental duplication contributed to expanding this gene family in soybean. Next, we analyzed the callose responses in soybean under abiotic and biotic stresses. The data show that callose is induced by both osmotic stress and flagellin 22 (flg22) and is related to the activity of β‐1,3‐glucanases. By using RT‐qPCR, we evaluated the expression of GSL genes during the treatment of soybean roots with mannitol and flg22. The GmGSL23 gene was upregulated in seedlings treated with osmotic stress or flg22, showing the essential role of this gene in the soybean defense response to pathogenic organisms and osmotic stress. Our results provide an important understanding of the role of callose deposition and regulation of GSL genes in response to osmotic stress and flg22 infection in soybean seedlings.
Event‐related potentials show that parafoveal vision is insufficient for semantic integration
Authors: Schotter Elizabeth R. , Milligan Sara , Estevez Victoria M.
Published: February 2023

Readers extract information from a word from parafoveal vision prior to looking at it. It has been argued that parafoveal perception allows readers to initiate linguistic processes, but it is unclear which stages of word processing are engaged: the process of extracting letter information to recognize words, or the process of extracting meaning to comprehend them. This study used the event‐related brain potential (ERP) technique to investigate how word recognition (indexed by the N400 effect for unexpected or anomalous compared to expected words) and semantic integration (indexed by the Late‐positive component; LPC effect for anomalous compared to expected words) are or are not elicited when the word is perceived only in parafoveal vision. Participants read a target word following a sentence that made it expected, unexpected, or anomalous, and read the sentences presented three words at a time in the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) with flankers paradigm so that words were perceived in parafoveal and foveal vision. We orthogonally manipulated whether the target word was masked in parafoveal and/or foveal vision to dissociate the processing associated with perception of the target word from either location. We found that the N400 effect was generated from parafoveally perceived words, and was reduced for foveally perceived words if they were previously perceived parafoveally. In contrast, the LPC effect was only elicited if the word was perceived foveally, suggesting that readers must attend to a word directly in foveal vision in order to attempt to integrate its meaning into the sentence context.
Borrowing Spaces: The Geographies of ‘Libraries of Things’ in the Canadian Sharing Economy
Authors: Lynch Nicholas
Published: February 2023

Over the last decade, the sharing economy has resulted in numerous innovative sharing and borrowing practices, many of which have the potential to radically transform communities and societies. One such innovation is the Library of Things (LoT), a non‐profit sharing space modelled on traditional library systems, which enables users to borrow a diverse range of equipment, tools and goods. This paper contributes to the emerging literature and research on the non‐profit sharing economy and the role of LoTs as sharing spaces. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with LoT founders and managers, three main socio‐spatial themes are discussed in the development of Canadian LoTs: sharing cultures, sharing capital and sharing politics. Overall, this work highlights that the success and sustainability of these sharing spaces hinge on the negotiation of these complex social and spatial dynamics, ranging from their capacity to build spaces of collaboration, experimentation and community.
We just gotta do meta! Notes on disciplinary anxieties in Geography in India
Authors: Roy Shamindra Nath , Maringanti Anant
Published: February 2023

A hundred years since its inception in college curriculum in India, geography as a discipline appears to be marked by a lack of self confidence. The persistently unenthusiastic response of Indian departments of geography to the present global health crisis over the past three years suggests that this is not a momentary loss of heart. We suggest that this is rather the result of the discipline's intertwining with post independence development policy in addition to the failure to integrate the sub disciplines of geography well with each other. As a way forward, we argue that the greatest promise in fact lies not in the universities but in networks across departments and independent research centres where geography can truly claim its place in the sun as a discipline that offers the relational approach that few other disciplines offer.