bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol Methods in Avoidance and Downsizing of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food Crops
Authors: Zadravec Manuela , Markov Ksenija , Lešić Tina , Frece Jadranka , Petrović Danijela , Pleadin Jelka
Published: March 2022

By increasing the resistance of seeds against abiotic and biotic stress, the possibility of cereal mold contamination and hence the occurrence of secondary mold metabolites mycotoxins decreases. The use of biological methods of seed treatment represents a complementary strategy, which can be implemented as an environmental-friendlier approach to increase the agricultural sustainability. Whereas the use of resistant cultivars helps to reduce mold growth and mycotoxin contamination at the very beginning of the production chain, biological detoxification of cereals provides additional weapons against fungal pathogens in the later stage. Most efficient techniques can be selected and combined on an industrial scale to reduce losses and boost crop yields and agriculture sustainability, increasing at the same time food and feed safety. This paper strives to emphasize the possibility of implementation of biocontrol methods in the production of resistant seeds and the prevention and reduction in cereal mycotoxin contamination.
Gas Distribution and Its Geological Factors in the No.5 Coal Seam of the Weibei Field, Southeastern Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Qiu Yongkai , Wang Hui , Guo Guangshan , Mo Rujun , Pan Zhejun , Cai Yidong , Abuduerxiti Abulaitijiang
Published: March 2022

The distribution of gas contents in the No.5 coal seams of the Weibei Field of southeastern Ordos Basin, North China, is highly variable and its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, systematic evaluation of the gas content and its geological control factors are conducted based on the field investigation together with 16 coalbed methane (CBM) wells in the Weibei Field, southeastern Ordos Basin, North China. The gas content variability is determined from the perspectives of gas generation, migration, and preservation. The results indicate that the gas generation is largely relevant with the subsidence and fluctuation of the coal seam during the middle-late Yanshanian orogeny, which controls the gas content variability of the Weibei Field. Besides, gas migration and preservation determine the gas content on a regional scale, significantly related to fault types, roof lithology, burial depth, and hydrodynamic conditions, but scarcely affected by the roof thickness. In the Weibei Field, the geological models controlling gas content are identified as (1) hydrodynamic trapping of gas in the deep burial depth and thrust faults, and (2) gas loss by groundwater flushing and normal faults. Basically, the first mechanism causes the high gas content of the east zone, whereas the other one is responsible for the low gas content in the west zone of the study area.
Vertical Distributions and Bioavailabilities of Heavy Metals in Soil in An-Tea Plantations in Qimen County, China
Authors: Xu Jingcheng , Wang Siqiang , Yao Ting , She Xinsong , Gan Zhuoting
Published: March 2022

Heavy metals mainly enter tea from the soil. In this study, stratified soil samples were collected, at a depth of 0–60 cm, using a soil drill in An-tea plantations. Speciation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn was determined using the European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction method, and the heavy metal concentrations in the extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry. Compared with other soil layers, the mean Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were highest in the 0–20 cm layer, the Ni concentrations were highest in the 20–40 cm layer, and the As and Cr concentrations were highest in the 40–60 cm layer. The mean contributions of the non-residual fractions, including the acid-soluble, reducible, and oxidizable fractions, to the total concentrations were higher than those of the residual fraction for Cr, Cu, and Ni at all depths in soil from a flat area, as well as for Cd and Zn at all depths in soil from a sloping area. The contributions of non-residual fractions to the total As and Pb concentrations were higher than those of the residual fraction in soil from a depth of 0–20 cm from the flat area and soil from a depth of 20–60 cm from the sloping area. The total heavy metal concentrations correlated well with the acid-soluble fraction and reducible fraction concentrations in soil from 0–40 cm.
Combined Eccentric-Isokinetic and Isoinertial Training Leads to Large Ring-Specific Strength Gains in Elite Gymnasts
Authors: Schärer Christoph , Bucher Pascal , Lüthy Fabian , Hübner Klaus
Published: March 2022

In male elite gymnastics, lately, eccentric training is often used to improve the maximum specific strength of static elements on rings. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a three-week, gymnastic-specific, eccentric-isokinetic (0.1 m/s) cluster training with a change of stimulus after three of six training sessions (eccentric-isokinetic with additional load) on a computer-controlled training device on the improvement of the elements swallow and support scale on rings. Maximum strength and strength endurance in maintaining the static positions of ten international elite male gymnasts were determined on a weekly basis. After three weeks of training, specific maximum strength and strength endurance increased significantly (strength: swallow: +8.72%, p < 0.001; support scale: 8.32%, p < 0.0001; strength endurance: swallow: +122.36%; p = 0.02; Support Scale: +93.30%; p = 0.03). Consequently, top gymnasts can considerably improve ring-specific strength and strength endurance in only three weeks. The separate analysis of the effects of both eccentric-isokinetic training modalities showed that efficiency might even be increased in future training interventions. We suggest using this type of training in phases in which the technical training load is low and monitoring the adaptations in order to compile an individually optimized training after an intervention.
Sweeping Surfaces in theThree-Dimensional Lie Group
Authors: Nazra Sahar H. , Abdel-Baky Rashad A.
Published: March 2022

This paper investigated the rotation minimizing frames that are related to the space curves and the sweeping surfaces that are traced by these frames in the three-dimensional Lie group. Then, the sufficient and necessary conditions for the sweeping surface to be a developable ruled surface were obtained. In particular, we mostly focused on the study of the resulting developable surface is a cylinder, cone, or tangent surface. Meanwhile, to support the results in the paper, some illustrative examples are presented.
Linear Superposition as a Core Theorem of Quantum Empiricism
Authors: Brezhnev Yurii V.
Published: March 2022

Clarifying the nature of the quantum state |Ψ⟩ is at the root of the problems with insight into counter-intuitive quantum postulates. We provide a direct—and math-axiom free—empirical derivation of this object as an element of a vector space. Establishing the linearity of this structure—quantum superposition—is based on a set-theoretic creation of ensemble formations and invokes the following three principia: (I) quantum statics, (II) doctrine of the number in the physical theory, and (III) mathematization of matching the two observations with each other (quantum covariance). All of the constructs rest upon a formalization of the minimal experimental entity—the registered micro-event, detector click. This is sufficient for producing the ℂ-numbers, axioms of linear vector space (superposition principle), statistical mixtures of states, eigenstates and their spectra, and non-commutativity of observables. No use is required of the spatio-temporal concepts. As a result, the foundations of theory are liberated to a significant extent from the issues associated with physical interpretations, philosophical exegeses, and mathematical reconstruction of the entire quantum edifice.
Radiation of High-Energy Gamma Quanta by Ultrarelativistic Electrons on Nuclei in Strong X-ray Fields
Authors: Roshchupkin Sergei , Dubov Alexander , Starodub Stanislav
Published: March 2022

The possibility of radiation of high-energy gamma quanta with energies of the order of 100 GeV by ultrarelativistic electrons on nuclei in strong X-ray fields with intensities up to ∼1027Wcm−2 was theoretically studied. It is shown that this effect can be realized under special experimental conditions in the process of resonant spontaneous bremsstrahlung radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons on nuclei in an external electromagnetic field. These special experimental conditions determine the characteristic energy of the electrons. This characteristic energy should be significantly less than the energy of the initial electrons. Under these conditions, spontaneous gamma quanta are emitted in a narrow cone with energies close to the energy of the initial electrons. Moreover, the resonant differential cross-sections of such processes can exceed the corresponding differential cross-section without an external field by twenty orders of magnitude. The results obtained can explain the occurrence of high-energy gamma quanta near pulsars and magnetars.
Insights into AGB Nucleosynthesis Thanks to Spectroscopic Abundance Measurements in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stars
Authors: Van Eck Sophie , Shetye Shreeya , Siess Lionel
Published: March 2022

The foundations of stellar nucleosynthesis have been established more than 70 years ago. Since then, much progress has been made, both on the theoretical side, with stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis models of increasing complexity, using more and more accurate nuclear data, and on the observational side, with the number of analyzed stars growing tremendously. In between, the complex machinery of abundance determination has been refined, taking into account model atmospheres of non-solar chemical composition, three-dimensional, non-LTE (non-local thermodynamic equilibrium) effects, and a growing number of atomic and molecular data. Neutron-capture nucleosynthesis processes, and in particular the s-process, have been scrutinized in various types of evolved stars, among which asymptotic giant branch stars, carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars and post-AGB stars. We review here some of the successes of the comparison between models and abundance measurements of heavy elements in stars, including in binaries, and outline some remaining unexplained features.
Restoration of Marine Sponges—What Can We Learn from over a Century of Experimental Cultivation?
Authors: Bierwirth Jan , Mantas Torcuato Pulido , Villechanoux Juliette , Cerrano Carlo
Published: March 2022

Marine sponges are the driver of many critical biological processes throughout various ecosystems. But anthropogenic and environmental pressures are rapidly compromising the diversity and abundance of Porifera worldwide. In our study, we reviewed the main experiences made on their cultivation to provide a roadmap of the best methodologies that could be applied to restore coastal sponge populations. We synthesized the results of experimental trials between 1950 and today to facilitate information on promising methods and materials. We detected a strong geographical imbalance between different ecoregions, as well as a shift of scientific effort from the investigation of “bath sponge” mariculture towards the rearing of bioactive compounds from sponges. Although sponge cultivation is arguably highly species-dependent, we further found that skeletal consistency in combination with taxonomy may be used to decide on appropriate techniques for future restoration initiatives.
Optimal Control Strategy of a Sewer Network
Authors: Vasiliev Iulian , Luca Laurentiu , Barbu Marian , Vilanova Ramon , Caraman Sergiu
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a series of methods to increase the efficiency of the operating of a sewer network that serves a medium-sized city with a population of 250,000 inhabitants. The sewer network serves five areas of the city and consists of seven tanks that communicate with one another and with the treatment plant through pipes. The controls are applied to the process by valves and pumps. The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal controls to minimize two performance criteria: volume of overflow, and overflow quality index. The sewer network was modeled in the BSMSewer environment. The optimization of the operating of the sewer network was carried out in the conditions of an influent computed in relation to the number of inhabitants and to the area served, using genetic algorithms as a method of optimization. Five optimization strategies were analyzed by numerical simulation. The analysis of the five strategies was done by comparison of their results with one another, as well as in relation to the case where all of the controls were set at maximum values of 100%. The simulations showed that the third strategy produced the best results in relation to each of the two criteria.
Human-Dominated Land Use Change in a Phosphate Mining Area and Its Impact on the Water Environment
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Mingliang , Song Yongyu
Published: March 2022

The Peace River is a critical water source in southwest Florida, United States. The watershed contains many phosphate mines that decrease water safety. Whether phosphate mining leads to a reduction in surface runoff and affects water quality in the Peace River Basin has been a highly controversial subject. Thus, the environmental impacts of phosphate mining in the Peace River were assessed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a widely used physical-mechanism-based distributed hydrological model that uses spatial distribution data, such as topography, soil, land use, and weather, to predict water, sediment, nutrient, pesticide, and fecal bacteria production. Based on a SWAT model, runoff, total nitrogen (TN) load, and total phosphorus (TP) load at the outlet of the Peace River Basin from 2001 to 2018 were investigated. The applicability of the four uncertainty methods in the hydrological simulation of the basin was assessed. The runoff at five stations in a specified mining area was simulated to analyze the impact of human-dominated land use changes caused by phosphate mining on the water environment. The results for the pre- and post-mining periods showed that the land use transfer in the study area experienced large fluctuations and that the land use change had a significant impact on the runoff (the outlet site decreased by 44.14%), indicating that phosphate mining has a significant effect on reducing runoff in the basin. An analysis of three scenarios (pre-mining [s1], post-mining [s2], and reclamation [s3]) showed that during s1–s2–s3, the change in mining land area is large (increased by 142.86%) and that TN and TP loads increased, indicating that human activities mainly affect the water environment through phosphate mining. This is mainly because a large amount of wastewater containing high concentrations of inorganic chemicals, which is produced in the process of phosphate mining and processing, overflows directly or from the sedimentation tank into the river. In summary, the simulation results showed that the changes in runoff and pollutants were attributed to phosphate rock mining. Therefore, strengthening the management of phosphate mining and adopting effective protection measures is of substantial significance for the effective protection of water resources. By analyzing the measured data, this study can help people understand more actual situations and further evaluate the impact of phosphate mining activities on the water environment. The simulation results can also be used to predict the future trend of runoff and water quality in the Peace River Basin and provide a decision-making basis for government management departments to issue water resource protection measures.
Bibliometric Analysis of Groundwater’s Life Cycle Assessment Research
Authors: Herrera-Franco Gricelda , Carrión-Mero Paúl , Montalván-Burbano Néstor , Mora-Frank Carlos , Berrezueta Edgar
Published: March 2022

Groundwater is an important water resource that accounts for 30% of the world’s freshwater. 97% of this extracted groundwater is for drinking and human use. Due to anthropogenic activities, this resource is affected and, consequently, its life cycle is modified, changing its natural state. This paper aims to analyse the scientific production that deals with the study of groundwater’s Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), using bibliometric methods. Thus, it contributes to the evolution of knowledge of this resource in terms of its use (environmental, economic and social). The methodological process includes: (i) selection and analysis of search topics in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases; (ii) application of Bibliometrix and Visualisation of Similarity Viewer (VOSviewer) software to the data collected; (iii) scientific structure of the relation of the topics groundwater and life cycle, considering programme lines and relations in their sub-themes; (iv) literature review of Author keywords. A total of 780 papers were selected, 306 being from Scopus, 158 from WoS and 316 published in both databases. The time evolution of the analysed data (publications) indicates that groundwater LCA studies have seen exponential growth (between 1983 and 2021). In addition, it has three development periods: introduction (years between 1983 and 2001), growth (between 2002 and 2011) and maturation (between 2012 and 2021). At the country level (origin of contributions authors), the USA dominates the total scientific production with 24.7%, followed by Denmark with 12.8% and 10.3% for China. Among the main topics of study associated with LCA are those focused on: the proposal of remediation methods, the application and development of technologies and the use of water resources by the urban community. This study allows establishing new trends in agricultural development issues about irrigation efficiency, wastewater reuse, mining and treatment, climate change in a circular economy scheme related to sustainability and life cycle assessment.
FORMATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT PROFESSIONS IN THE PROCESS OF PLAY ACTIVITIES
Authors: KOVALEVSKA N.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the issue of formation of preschoolers’ ideas about professions in the process of play activities. The views of national and foreign scientists on the theoretical and practical aspects of formation of children’s ideas about the world of professions are considered. It is noted that a preschooler’s full personal development depends on the mastery of play activities at a high level, which, in turn, implies the formation of the preschool child’s play competence. One of the necessary conditions for acquaintance with the world of professions is the formation of subject-practical and technological competencies. It is displayed in the expression of interest and respect for professions, demonstration of positive emotional and value attitude to human labor, and adults’ professional activity.

The place of game technologies in the educational activity of a preschool institution is analyzed, in particular, in the organization of preschoolers’ labor education. It is established that the category ‘game pedagogical technologies’ includes a large group of methods and techniques for organizing the pedagogical process in the form of various pedagogical games and ought to meet the following parameters: conceptuality, systematicity, controllability, efficiency, and reproducibility. Modern researchers distinguish three components in the pedagogical technology structure, namely conceptual, semantic and procedural parts. It is established that educational technologies are divided into educational, developmental, and socializing ones.

Three classes of games for preschool children are considered. They are the following: games that take place on the initiative of a child or a group of children (creative games); games that take place at the initiative of an adult, for teaching a child or for entertainment (didactic movements); games that take place on the historical initiative of the ethnos (folk) and their pedagogical potential in the formation of ideas about the profession.

The peculiarities of the organization of different types of games during acquaintance with the world of professions are covered. Particular attention is paid to the following games: role-playing, didactic, constructive, and construction games.

The necessity and importance of cooperation between the preschool institution and children’s families in the process of getting acquainted with the world of professions are emphasized.
Polymorphism M235T of the Angiotensinogen Gene in Belarusian Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Павлова О.С. , Огурцова С.Э. , Ливенцева М.М. , Коробко И.Ю. , Мрочек А.Г.
Published: March 2022

Цель. Определение ассоциативной связи полиморфизма М235Т гена ангиотензиногена (AGT) с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией (АГ) у белорусских пациентов.Материалы и методы. Молекулярно-генетический анализ выполнен у 601 человека, из них 400 пациентов с АГ и 201 нормотензивное лицо группы контроля. Генотипирование проводилось методом полимеразной цепной реакции с анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов.Результаты и обсуждение. В группе пациентов с АГ распределение М- и Т-аллелей полиморфизма М235Т гена AGT составило 52,0 и 48,0%, в группе контроля – 55,7 и 44,3% соответственно. Получены отличия по распределению генотипов в сравниваемых группах женщин в возрасте до 45 лет – немутантный ММ-генотип гена AGT встречался в 5,4 раза реже при АГ – 5,9% в отличие от нормотензивных обследуемых – 32,1% (χ2=6,99; р=0,009). Hосительство МТ- или ТТ-генотипов полиморфизма М235Т гена AGT в сравнении с ММ-генотипом в доминантной модели наследования повышало вероятность развития АГ у женщин в возрасте до 45 лет в 7,6 раза (ОШ=7,58; 95% ДИ 1,63–35,17).Заключение. Полиморфизм М235Т гена AGT ассоциирован с увеличением вероятности раннего развития АГ у женщин в отличие от мужчин.

Purpose. To determine the associative relationship of the M235T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) with essential arterial hypertension (AH) in Belarusian patients.Materials and methods. Molecular genetic analysis was performed in 601 people, of which 400 patients had hypertension and 201 were normotensive individuals. Polymerase chain reaction with analysis of length polymorphism of restriction fragments were used.Results and discussion. The distribution of M and T alleles of the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene was 52.0 and 48.0% in patients with AH, 55.7 and 44.3% in the control group, respectively. Therewere obtained the differences in the distribution of genotypes in the compared groups of women under the age of 45 years – the non-mutant MM genotype of the AGT gene was found 5.4 times less frequently in AH – 5.9% in contrast to normotensive subjects – 32.1% (χ2=6.99; p=0.009). Carrying the MT or TT genotypes of the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene in comparison with the MM genotype in the dominant inheritance model increased the probability of early development of AH by 7.6 times in women before the age of 45 (OR=7.58; 95% CI 1.63–35.17).Conclusion. The obtained results of the study may indicate the associative relationship of the M235T polymorphism of AGT gene with the early development of essential AH in women of Belarusian ethnicity in contrast to men.
Neurological Clinical Manifestations, Associated with COVID-19
Authors: Федин А.И.
Published: March 2022

Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный неврологической патологии у больных новой коронавирусной болезнью COVID-19. Неврологические осложнения COVID-19 полиморфны по своей симптоматике и тяжести клинических проявлений. Описаны случаи церебральных осложнений COVID-19, включавшие инфаркт мозга, острую некротическую геморрагическую энцефалопатию, менингит и энцефалит. Случаи острых заболеваний периферической нервной системы при COVID-19 включали аносмию и агевзию, синдром Гийена – Барре, синдром Миллера Фишера, краниальный полиневрит. Также отмечались проявления со стороны мышечно-скелетной системы, такие как миалгия, утяжеление течения имеющихся у пациента нервно-мышечных заболеваний. Обсуждены возможные механизмы поражения нервной системы, включающие гипоксию и нарушение системной гемодинамики, эндотелиальную дисфункцию с гиперкоагуляцией и тромбозами, прямую инвазию вирусом, иммуноопосредованные реакции.

The article represents a review of literature on neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. Neurological complications of COVID-19 may include different signs and have different severity. Cases of cerebral complications of COVID-19 included ischemic stroke, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy, meningitis and encephalitis. Acute peripheral nerve system manifestations comprised anosmia and ageusia, Guillain – Barre syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, cranial polyneuritis. COVID-19 can cause musculo-skeletal complications, such as myalgia, complicated course of comorbid neuromuscular disease. Possible mechanisms for nerve system involvement are discussed, which include hypoxia, impaired systemic circulation, endothelial dysfunction with hypercoagulation and thromboses, direct viral invasion and immune-mediated reactions.
América Latina a fines de la segunda década del siglo XXI: ¿tiene salida la crisis?
Authors: Cavarozzi Marcelo
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza la doble transición que México y los países de Sudamérica atravesaron durante la coyuntura 1998-2005: la crisis de la “media década perdida”, descripta por José Antonio Ocampo, y los cambios de régimen político. También propone una comparación estilizada de las rutas políticas que dichos países siguieron durante las dos primeras décadas del presente siglo
Evo, no estás solo El populismo del evismo en Bolivia
Authors: Tórrez Yuri F. , Lazcano Emma
Published: March 2022

El presente ensayo estriba en estudiar el despliegue político y el repertorio discursivo del evismo -término que alude al liderazgo de Evo Morales- como sujeto sociopolítico populista desde su emergencia como movimiento social, a fines de la década de los años ochenta, marcado por una acción de resistencia a las políticas neoliberales, luego su incursión en el campo electoral, entre 1987 y 1995, la consolidación del Movimiento Al Socialismo-Instrumento Político para la soberanía de los pueblos (IPSP) como movimiento político (1995-2006), el gobierno de movimientos sociales (2006-2019) y la réplica al golpe de Estado (2019-2020).
Envejecimiento y miopía social en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Ortiz Víctor
Published: March 2022

Los Estados Unidos enfrentan reconfiguracioness complicadas por desbalances generacionales entre sus grupos raciales y étnicos. Estos desbalances fundamentan un individualismo recalcitrante que soslaya la estabilidad de la colectividad, como por ejemplo en el desvalijamiento de redes de apoyo, tales como el sistema de seguridad social. Este trabajo resalta la cotidianidad de ese individualismo como una miopía social en que intereses individuales a corto plazo carcomen el bien social en maneras aparentemente inocentes. Se alerta que una renuencia a compartir privilegios e influencias conforme a los nuevos porcentajes sociales y raciales del país pone en juego el tan pregonado principio democrático de que las mayorías gobiernan.
Extreme-right, democracy and oligarchy
Authors: Domingues José Maurício
Published: March 2022

This article places the Brazilian Bolsonaro government in comparative perspective, particularly in what refers to the surge and strengthening of extreme-right globally. It discusses the emergence of a new sort of political regime (advanced liberal oligarchy) within a more general analysis of modern political regimes (in particular liberal democracy and its crisis, fascism and bureaucratic authoritarianism), the eruption of popular mobilization since 2013 in the country (as part of a global trend), the crisis of the left and how unexpectedly an extreme-right political movement came to power in Brazil. The article then analyses the Bolsonaro government in greater detail, its right-wing posture and its relation to liberal democracy and its largely oligarchic elements, as well as moves by the opposition.
EL TRAZADO DE CIRCULACIÓN DEL PASEO DEL BOSQUE DE LA PLATA Y SU VALOR HISTÓRICO PATRIMONIAL
Authors: Ponce Ariel Guillermo Ponce
Published: March 2022

Uno de los componentes característicos de la ciudad emblema del paisajismo, racionalismo, higienismo y cientificismo moderno de fines del siglo XIX, la ciudad de La Plata, es su Reserva Parque, llamada habitualmente Paseo del Bosque, y recientemente con el nombre Dr. René Favaloro. Se sostiene como idea central en este trabajo que así como la traza urbana de la ciudad expresa y materializa las ideas y valores propios de la época, reconocidos como valores histórico y estéticos, la traza de circulación del Paseo del Bosque, también lo expresa, sólo qué a diferencia de la traza general del casco histórico fundacional, su devenir histórico generó la pérdida de gran parte de la misma, así como también de gran parte del terreno original. La reseña descriptiva y comparativa de la alteración de su morfología pretende por un lado comprender el valor histórico de la misma y por otro lado, alertarnos sobre su condición de fragilidad y necesidad de salvaguarda, identificada en las últimas décadas por las autoridades gubernamentales mediante leyes provinciales y ordenanzas municipales.
Editorial
Authors: Rocchietti Ana María , Fernetti Gustavo
Published: March 2022

La arqueología histórica es una disciplina multidimensional como lo es la misma historia humana. Todo le compete: ambiente, sociedad, economía, cultura, paisaje, tecnología. Pero también es contingencia: hallazgo inesperado, resistencia de materiales, vectores de destrucción, voluntad individual y colectiva. Supone confrontación entre narrativa y materialidad (confirmativa o no) pero necesaria porque los sitios tienen documentación asociada así como entre voces del pasado y enfoques contemporáneos sobre las mismas realidades. Como toda ciencia, la arqueología histórica busca inteligibilidad y verdad: ¿qué sucedió? ¿por qué sucedió? Para qué: para obtener más conocimiento sobre mundo social y más verdad.

Ana Rocchietti Directora

A propósito de Documentos de Trabajo 2 La crisis actual que recorre el mundo obliga a pensar en esperanzas, propuestas y continuidades, y este nuevo número de Documentos de Trabajo, es el resultado de los esfuerzos de arqueólogas y arqueólogos que siguen trabajando para conjurar el tiempo tempestuoso que nos ha tocado vivir. Los tres artículos aquí presentados son el resultado de conferencias grabadas en 2020 y recorren diversos puntos de nuestra historia americana, reuniendo arqueologías de Colombia, Uruguay y Argentina. El Centro de Estudios en Arqueología Histórica de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario ha querido trabajar en conjunto con ellos, favoreciendo esas apuestas al futuro de una arqueología que se construye día a día, reflexionando sobre nuestro pasado. Una manera reunirnos desde nuestra profesión, a pesar de la distancia.

Gustavo Fernetti Secretario Editorial
Indicaciones poco frecuentes de nutrición parenteral: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Navas Camacho Ángela , Riscanevo Angie Carolina
Published: March 2022

La evolución en la nutrición parenteral en las últimas décadas ha permitido considerarla como una estrategia terapéutica segura y eficaz ante entidades clínicas que condicionan disfunción del tracto gastrointestinal y que se han asociado con períodos prolongados de ayuno, escasa ingesta o intolerancia a la nutrición enteral que ocasiona desnutrición secundaria, esto conlleva un mayor riesgo de deterioro de la función inmunológica sistémica e intestinal, así como una disminución de la absorción y motilidad intestinal y la alteración de la barrera intestinal. El objetivo de esta revisión es brindar un enfoque práctico que permita reconocer la nutrición parenteral como una estrategia valiosa en el manejo de pacientes con o en riesgo de desnutrición asociado con un tracto gastrointestinal no funcional o en recuperación, que requiera reposo intestinal. Se describen entidades clínicas poco frecuentes que condicionan el uso de nutrición parenteral total. Palabras clave: nutrición parenteral, soporte nutricional, enterocolitis neutropénica, enfermedades esofágicas, enfermedades gastrointestinales.
A Review on Updates to Increase the Residence Time of Drug in the Stomach for Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bharkatiya Meenakshi
Published: March 2022

Orally-administered controlled-release drug delivery systems are associated with the shortcomings of relatively short residence times in the human stomach as well as highly variable gastrointestinal (GI) transit times. Thus, considerable intra-individual and inter-individual differences in the bioavailability of drugs are observable. There are numerous drug substances which may benefit from prolonged and controlled GI passage times. As a solution to the problem, gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), which feature an enhanced gastric residence time (GRT), were developed. Several approaches are currently used including Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS), swelling and expanding system, polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high density system and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The drugs having absorption window in the upper part of Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT) have enhanced bioavailability when formulated through these techniques. The recent technological development for enhancing GRT including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, patented delivery systems, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Despite the extensive research performed in the field of GRDDS, the development, the production, and the evaluation of floating devices are still challenging. The purpose of writing this review was to compile recent literature on pharmaceutical approaches used in enhancing the Gastric Residence Time (GRT). Enhancing the GRT may explore new potentials of stomach as drug-absorbing organ. © 2020 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz , Zając Grażyna
Published: March 2022

Aktualny numer „Perspektyw Kultury” rozpoczynamy od bardzo smutnej informacji. W dniu 25 grudnia 2021 r. niespodziewanie zmarła dr Urszula Tes, znakomita filmoznawczyni, od długiego czasu związana z Instytutem Kulturoznawstwa Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie. Nie byliśmy przygotowani na jej odejście i do tej pory trudno nam się z tym pogodzić. Jeszcze nie tak dawno rozmawialiśmy z Ulą o jej pomyśle stworzenia stałego działu filmoznawczego w „Perspektywach Kultury”. Pomimo że nie zdążyliśmy tego wprowadzić w życie, to chcielibyśmy w niedalekiej przyszłości powrócić do tego pomysłu i poświęcić jeden z numerów „Perspektyw Kultury” wspomnieniu dr Urszuli Tes oraz tak bliskiej jej sercu tematyce filmowej.
From the Editors
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz , Zając Grażyna
Published: March 2022

We begin the new issue of Perspectives on Culture with some very sad news. Dr. Urszula Tes, an outstanding film scholar, affiliated with the Institute of Cultural Studies at Ignatianum University in Krakow for many years, passed away unexpectedly on December 25, 2021. We were not prepared for her passing and we still find it difficult to come to terms with it. Not so long ago we talked with Ula about her idea of creating a permanent film studies section in Perspectives on Culture. Although we were unable to put this idea into motion, we would like to return to it in the near future and dedicate one of the issues of Perspectives on Culture to the memory of Dr. Urszula Tes and film topics so close to her heart.
Władysław Kościelski w Widyniu i w Szumenie
Authors: Kaczmarek Hieronim
Published: March 2022

Artykuł omawia działalność pochodzącego z Kujaw (z Szarleja nad Gopłem) Władysława Kościelskiego na terenie Imperium Osmańskiego. Po raz pierwszy znalazł się on na Bałkanach w 1849 r., skąd zamierzał przedostać się w szeregi węgierskich powstańców. Upadek tego powstania zmienił jego zamiary i z ramienia Agencji, na polecenie Michała Czajkowskiego, udał się do Widynia, do obozu uciekinierów z terenu Węgier. Jego działalność w obozie doczekała się różnych ocen. Z powodu nieporozumień ostatecznie w 1852 r. opuścił granice Imperium Osmańskiego. Ponownie pojawił się w Imperium na początku wojny krymskiej. Po jej zakończeniu pozostawał w służbie sułtana przez dłuższy czas, robiąc karierę wojskową i polityczną.
Modernization or Simplification: an Empirical Approach to the Turkish Language Reform
Authors: Oytun Altun Hilal
Published: March 2022

In this paper, I proposed an empirical approach to evaluate the accuracy of modern – or so-called purified – versions of Ottoman texts. Empirical studies on purified texts are limited in terms of quantity despite the abundance of the literature on the purification program within the Turkish language reform. I attempted to analyze a modernized text to answer the following questions; in a modernized text whether (a) semantic accuracy is preserved, or (b) the content is simplified. The method I offer here is based on a comparison of the modernized version with the authentic text from the lexical semantics point of view. My research revealed that some words with more definite meaning were replaced with more imprecise words in the modernized text. Such replacements may lead to a reduction in the content. Nevertheless, future works are needed on large scale data with the help of AI-supported tools to explore whether blurriness occurs in meaning during a modernization process.
Sosialisasi Covid-19 dan Protokol Kesehatan sebagai Edukasi Masyarakat pada Sosial Media Instagram dan Tiktok
Authors: Dewi Aprilia Handayani  , Muhammad Rosit
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK

Pandemi Covid-19 memiliki banyak dampak untuk segala aspek, seperti ekonomi, sosial budaya, pendidikan dan terkhusus pada kesehatan. Indonesia termasuk kedalam negara dengan jumlah kasus yang meningkat dengan pesat. Penanganan terhadap krisis tersebut harus dilakukan secara ketat oleh pemerintah serta dukungan dari kesadaran masyarakat. Kedisiplinan dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan wajib dilakukan oleh semua pihak demi menekan serta memutus mata rantai penyebaran Covid-19. Maka dari itu, penulis bekerjasama dengan semua pihak terlibat untuk mengadakan program KKN individu dengan memberikan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat terkait Covid-19 dan protokol kesehatan. Program tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menghadapi situasi pandemi Covid-19 dan pentingnya menerapkan protokol kesehatan dimulai dari diri sendiri. Selain itu kegiatan KKN Mandiri Universitas Pancasila 2021 bertujuan untuk ikut serta membantu pemerintah dalam menekan laju penularan Covid-19. Untuk mencapai program tersebut, penulis menggunakan tiga metode yaitu, menggunakan metode observasi, dokumentasi dan demonstrasi. Dengan adanya sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh penulis ini, diharapkan membuat masyarakat terbiasa untuk hidup berdampingan dengan Covid-19, lebih memahami bagaimana bahaya Covid-19 serta lebih meningkatkan kesadaran diri untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan dimana pun mereka berada.

ABSTRACT

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a wide range of effects on the economy, society, education, and, most importantly, health. Indonesia is a country where the number of instances is steadily increasing. The government must handle the situation in a severe manner, with public awareness as a supporting factor. To inhibit and break the chain of Covid-19 dissemination, all parties must exercise discipline in applying health protocols. As a result, the author works with all parties involved to organize individual KKN programs by educating the community about Covid-19 and health protocols. The program's goal is to raise public awareness about the Covid-19 pandemic and the significance of starting with oneself while implementing health practices. In addition, the Pancasila University Mandiri Community Service Program for 2021 aims to assist the government in reducing the rate of Covid-19 transmission. The author employs three ways to achieve the program's goals: observation, documentation, and demonstration. With this author's socialization, it is hoped that individuals would become accustomed to living alongside Covid-19, gain a better understanding of Covid-19's hazards, and develop self-awareness to implement health procedures wherever they are.
Effect of anion on water-in-salt/solid interfacial structures investigated by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tsuyoshi Jumpei , Bao Yifan , Ichii Takashi , Utsunomiya Toru , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: March 2022

Water-in-salt (WiS), which contains salt with a high salt concentration (>5 mol kg−1), is attractive for novel electrolytes in electrochemical applications such as lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical deposition because of its high electrochemical stability. Structural analysis on the WiS/solid interfaces would be beneficial for understanding these processes. In this study, we investigated interfacial solvation structures of WiSs by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy utilizing a quartz tuning fork sensor. Two types of WiSs, a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI)-WiS and a LiCl-WiS, were prepared. We found that the interfacial solvation structures of the WiSs on mica surfaces were quite different by using a 2D frequency shift mapping technique. We discussed the differences in their interfacial solvation structures by comparing their bulk solution properties measured by Raman spectroscopy.
Community Empowerment Program Through Transformation Process In Samarinda Islamic High School
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: March 2022

The main task of universities in developing science is not only teaching and research, but also community empowerment. In this study, the question is how the Samarinda Islamic High School in carrying out community empowerment activities using social transformation or change? The type of research in this study is descriptive analytical research, because the researcher describes the transformation or social change first and then analyzes the social changes carried out by the Islamic High School. With the method of transformation or social change in the form of stages of invention, diffusion and consequences. the process of social change with these three, the Islamic High School conducts a study first by looking at and studying the behavior of the community in relation to change. Social change is a process where there is a change in the structure and function of a social system. These changes occur as a result of the inclusion of reform ideas so that they are beneficial to the community. Social change in society is not an outcome or a product but a process. In the end, the change is a joint decision taken by community members. These changes occur as a result of the inclusion of reform ideas so that they are beneficial to the community. Social change in society is not an outcome or a product but a process. In the end, the change is a joint decision taken by community members. These changes occur as a result of the inclusion of reform ideas so that they are beneficial to the community. Social change in society is not an outcome or a product but a process. In the end, the change is a joint decision taken by community members.
IS ADVANCED ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN PRODUCING GASTRIC CANCER TREATABLE?
Authors: CV Kuo , CI Tsai , SH Tsung
Published: March 2022

We illustrated a patient with advanced alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer, who was treated with chemotherapy combined with
trastuzumab, resulting in complete response in four months after therapy. It has been 5 years after his initial therapy, he is now healthy and shows no
evidence of tumor recurrence. The efcacy of the trastuzumab therapy in breast cancer patients prompted studies to evaluate potential clinical
benet of the drug in patients with HER2 positive gastric cancer. The largest study, ToGA trial, has published a promising result leading FDA to
approve the use of trastuzumab for HER2 positive gastric and gastroesophageal cancer. We discuss the need for the standardized assay method for
HER2 status. We also bring attention to the existence of intratumoral heterogeneity in gastric cancer tissue which may cause false negative test for
HER2 assay
Una lectura clínica de Las Hortensias, de Felisberto Hernández
Authors: Torres Enrique R.
Published: March 2022

The author focuses the analysis of this story through the subject of sterility affecting the couple of Horacio and María, and compares them with other two couples or women bearing the same situation: Shakespeare»s Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and García Lorca´s Yerma. The problem that instigates the latter to murder, in our characters leads to recreate the scene of the crime by stabbing one of the dolls, Hortensia, around which most of the drama is developed. Besides, childlessness is the latent material with which both María»s neurosis and gradual Horacio»s psychosis are built of, and ends in a clear disarrangement in Horacio»s temper, who progressively shows traits of perversion, uncanny moments, some catatonic motionless and even hallucinatory phenomena. The story and its psychoanalytic understanding are read with a freudian and lacanian orientation with a special mention to object «petit a» under its manifestations as glance and voice.
"Declinations with Disgorgement" in FCPA Enforcement
Authors: Woody Karen
Published: March 2022

This Article addresses the recent pretrial diversion scheme undertaken by the Department of Justice in conjunction with its Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Pilot Program—specifically, “declinations with disgorgement.” Pursuant to the Pilot Program, the Department of Justice declined to prosecute or even continue an investigation, provided the company disgorge its alleged ill-gotten gains. This Article dissects both the purpose of, and terminology used in, declinations with disgorgement and argues that this novel and creative pretrial diversion is a dangerous conflation of legal remedial theories and terms. A criminal disposition cannot be a declination with attendant penalties because either illegal activity occurred or it did not; prosecutorial discretion does not allow an “in-between” option of declination while simultaneously requiring disgorgement. Calling these dispositions “declinations” and the penalties associated therewith “disgorgement” is a wild misuse of the terms, which creates a crisis in the expressive function of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and in the legal lexicon itself.