bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of Indonesian indigenous catfish based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene
Authors: Widayanti Rini , Haryanto Aris , Artama Wayan Tunas , Pakpahan Suhendra
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic reconstruction of Indonesian indigenous catfish using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III sequences. Materials and Methods: A total of 19 samples of catfish were collected from seven rivers (Elo [EM], Progo [PM], Kampar [KR], Musi [MP], Mahakam [MS], Kapuas [KS], and Bengawan Solo [BSBJ]) in five different geographical locations in Indonesia. The genome was isolated from the tissue. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit III was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with CO3F and CO3R primers. The PCR products were sequenced and continued to analyze genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship using MEGA version 7.0 software. Results: Cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-III gene sequencing obtained 784 nucleotides encoding 261 amino acids. Sequenced COX-III gene fragments were aligned along with other catfish from Genbank using ClustalW program and genetic diversity among species was analyzed using the MEGA Version 7.0 software. Among all samples, there were substitution mutations at 78 nucleotide sites, and there were 14 variations in amino acids. Catfish from PM, KR, MP, and KS had the same amino acids as Hemibagrus nemurus (KJ573466.1), while EM catfish had eight different amino acids and catfish BSBJhad 12 different amino acids. Conclusion: Indonesian catfish divided into four clades. BBSJ Catfish were grouped with Pangasianodon gigas, EM catfish were grouped with Mystus rhegma, and KS catfish were grouped with Hemibagrus spilopterus, while catfish MS, KR, PM, and MP were grouped with H. nemurus.
Comparative study between the excision-ligation and autoligation of vas deferens technique for teaser rams preparation
Authors: Al Haideri Dhurgham Hameed , Ibraheim Hussein Kareem , Baiee Falah
Published: June 2019

Aim: The present study was designed to demonstrate the autoligation (AL) of vas deferens and the excision-ligation (EL) technique to generate vasectomized rams to reduce the complications, operative time, and price of the vasectomy techniques.

Materials and Methods: A total of 12 healthy and mature Iraqi Awassi rams were used, which divided into two groups, six rams for each one. The former group was performed the EL technique while the latter group, the AL of vas deferens technique was used.

Results: The results of the present study found that both techniques were same with the reproductive efficient examinations that mean the two techniques had same ability to close the male genital passage for teaser rams preparation. However, the methods were different with the histopathological changes, operation time, prices, and complications, which were minor in the AL of vas deferens compared with the EL technique.

Conclusion: The AL technique of vas deferens to prepare teaser animal is recommended over the EL technique due to different aspects such as cost, fewer complications, and active teaser for a long period are the main aspects of AL technique.
Paydaşlarına Göre İngiltere Devlet Okullarındaki Din Eğitimine Gösterilen Önemsizlik ve Bunun Sebepleri
Authors: HENDEK Abdurrahman
Published: June 2019

Bu makale İngiltere devlet okullarında zorunlu olarak okutulan din eğitimi dersine gösterilen önemi ve bunun sebeplerini paydaşların görüşleri üzerinden incelemektedir. İngiltere din eğitimi politikaları ve İngiltere’de geliştirilen ve uygulanan din eğitimi yaklaşımları zaman zaman Türkiye dahil birçok ülkeye örnek olarak sunulmaktadır. Ancak, İngiltere'de bu politikaların ve yaklaşımların uygulanması sonucu din eğitimine gösterilen önem ve tutum konusu Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalarda çok fazla incelenmemiştir. Bu konunun incelenmesi için İngiltere’de din eğitimi paydaşları ile mülakatlar yapılmış ve konu ile ilgili İngiltere'de yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Paydaşlarla yapılan mülakatlar ve konuyla ilgili çalışmalar ortaya koymaktadır ki İngiltere'de din eğitimi önem verilmeyen bir ders durumundadır. Hatta normal şartlarda din eğitimini önemseyenler bile, uygulanan din eğitimi yaklaşımları ve politikaları yüzünden devlet okullarındaki din eğitimine karşı mesafeli durmaktadır. Bunun ise çeşitli sebepleri bulunmaktadır. Dersin kötü işlenmesi, amaçlarının net olmaması gibi iç sebepler; devletin izlediği din eğitimi politikalarının dışlayıcı olarak görülmesi ve dersin "din" eğitiminden uzaklaşması gibi problemler bu sonucu ortaya çıkarmış gözükmektedir. Yine bunun yanında, genel eğitim politikaları nedeniyle derse yeterince destek verilmemesi ve son olarak sekülerleşme ve maddileşme gibi sebepler de bu sonuca katkı sağlamış gözükmektedir. Sonuç olarak şu söylenebilir ki, İngiltere'deki din eğitimi politika ve yaklaşımlarının daha iyi anlaşılması için bu sonuçların dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.
Rollo May ’de Tanrı Tasavvuru ve Psikolojik Yansımaları
Authors: ÇETİN Özer
Published: June 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, arşiv tarama yöntemini kullanarak Rollo May’in Tanrı tasavvuruna dair görüşlerini incelemektir. Rollo May’e göre, insanın temel motivasyonu, tasavvur ettiği Tanrı’ya benzemektir. Bu nedenle Tanrı tasavvurunun doğruluğu sürekli sorgulanmalıdır. Ona göre Tanrı tasavvuru ile insanın gelişimi arasında karşılıklı bir ilişki vardır. Tanrı tasavvuru insanın vizyonları ve iç görülerini geliştirirken; saf vizyon ve iç görüler de Tanrı tasavvurunu geliştirmektedir. Rollo May, Tanrı’nın yalnızca sevgi kaynağı, iyilere yardım eden, insanı sürekli koruyan, insana hizmet eden ve itaat edilmesi gereken bir otorite olarak tasavvur edilmesinin insanın gelişimini engellediğini savunmaktadır. Ona göre özgürlük, sorumluluk ve benlik bilincini güçlendiren Tanrı tasavvuru, insanın gelişimine katkı sağlamaktadır. Rollo May, Tanrı tasavvuru konusunda Eski Ahit, mitoloji ve varoluşçu felsefeden yararlanmıştır. Onun Eski Ahit ve mitolojiden etkilenmesi, antropomorfik bir Tanrı tasavvuru geliştirmesine neden olmuştur. May, insanın kendisi gibi olmasını istemeyen, insanla mücadele eden ve insanı kontrolde zorlanan antropomorfik bir Tanrı tasavvuruna sahiptir. Bu şekildeki bir Tanrı tasavvurunun insanın gelişimine katkısı tartışmalıdır. Çünkü soyut Tanrı tasavvuru antropomorfik Tanrı tasavvuruna göre insanın gelişimine daha çok katkı sağlamaktadır.
وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في الجامعات التركيّة الحكوميّة
Authors: QADDOM Mahmoud , MOHAMED Ali Abdelwahed Abdelhameed
Published: June 2019

أضحت التقنية الحديثة رافدا معاونا في تعليم اللغات،
وتنمية مهاراتها الأساسيّة: الاستماع والمحادثة والقراءة والكتابة، ولذلك لا يمكن
للمعلم لا سيما في مجال تعليم العربية للناطقين بغيرها تجاوز هذه الوسائل أو
تجاهلها في تعليم المهارات اللغويّة وتدريباتها.ويناقش هذا البحث دور وسائل
التواصل الاجتماعي في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في الجامعات التركيّة
الحكوميّة، ويُعدّ هذا البحث من الدراسات المعدودة في حقل تعليم اللغة العربيّة
للناطقين بغيرها التي تتوقّف عند مجال التقنية الحديثة؛ إذ إنّ أكثر الدراسات في
هذا المجال تناولت هذا المحور عرَضا أثناء تطرّقها لمعلّم اللغة العربيّة للناطقين
بغيرها، ولمناهج تعليم اللغة العربيّة للناطقين بغيرها، أمّا هذه الدراسة فهي
مخصّصة لبحث وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ودورها في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين
بغيرها في الجامعات التركيّة.ويسعى للإجابة عن الأسئلة الآتية:ما واقع استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في تعليم اللغة
العربية في الجامعات التركيّة؟ما فاعلية استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في تنمية
المهارات اللغوية لدى طلاب الجامعات التركية؟ما مميزات وعيوب استخدام مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في
تعلم العربية من وجهة نظر الطلاب وأعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات التركيّة؟
Simulation and Analysis of Particle Filter Based Slam System
Authors: Kaniewski Piotr , Słowak Paweł
Published: June 2019

The paper describes a problem and an algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The algorithm developed by the authors estimates the flight trajectory and builds a map of the terrain below the UAV. As a tool for estimating the UAV position and other parameters of flight, a particle filter was applied. The proposed algorithm was tested and analyzed by simulations and the paper presents a simulator developed by the authors and used for SLAM testing purposes. Chosen simulation results, including maps and UAV trajectories constructed by the SLAM algorithm are included in the paper.
Removing the Influence of Network Effect on Local Position Solution
Authors: Ćwiklak Janusz , Savchuk Stepan , Doskich Sofiya
Published: June 2019

To investigate and remove the network effect to the national GNSS network the results obtained from three GNSS networks which are tied to ITRF2008 using minimal constraints were compared. The first network is the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN), the second is EPN subnetwork processed by WUT LAC (WUT), the third is exactly Ukraine reference network (URN). The position differences between these networks - EPN and URN (WUT and URN) can reach 9.1 (6.6) mm for X, 4 (3.8) mm for Y and 11.7 (12.2) mm for Z. To obtain consistent station positions and velocities without network effect two weekly solutions were combined. The results demonstrate that the network effect on the local solution (Ukraine reference network) can be eliminated. This approach is valid because the same data analysis strategy was applied during both network processing.
Characterization of organic solar cells using semiconducting polymers with different bandgaps
Authors: Borazan Ismail , Altin Yasin , Demir Ali , Celik Bedeloglu Ayse
Published: June 2019

Polymer-based organic solar cells are of great interest as they can be produced with low-cost techniques and also have many interesting features such as flexibility, graded transparency, easy integration, and lightness. However, conventional wide bandgap polymers used for the light-absorbing layer significantly affect the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells because they collect sunlight in a given spectrum range and due to their limited stability. Therefore, in this study, polymers with different bandgaps were used, which could allow for the production of more stable and efficient organic solar cells: P3HT as the wide bandgap polymer, and PTB7 and PCDTBT as low bandgap polymers. These polymers with different bandgaps were combined with PCBM to obtain increased efficiency and optimum photoactive layer in the organic solar cell. The obtained devices were characterized by measuring optical, photoelectrical, and morphological properties. Solar cells using the PTB7 and PCDTBT polymers had more rough surfaces than the reference cell using P3HT. The use of low-bandgap polymers improved I
sc significantly, and when combined with P3HT, a higher V
oc was obtained.
Preparation of nano-SiO2 compound antioxidant and its antioxidant effect on polyphenylene sulfide
Authors: Han Wenxin , Lu Jianjun , Ren Jingyi , Lian Dandan , Xing Junde
Published: June 2019

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is easily oxidized at high temperature, which greatly limits its applications. In this study, a nano-SiO2 compound antioxidant (SiO2-g-AO) was prepared and incorporated into PPS by melt compounding to obtain PPS/SiO2-g-AO composites. SiO2-g-AO was prepared by reacting 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (antioxidant AO) with an aminosilane coupling agent (KH792). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the antioxidant AO was successfully immobilized on the surface of SiO2 and the thermal stability was improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that SiO2-g-AO was uniformly dispersed in PPS. It has been found that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PPS composites improved, and the dynamic oxidation induction temperature (OIT) increased in the range of 16.7°C–21.1°C. A synergistic anti-oxidation model of nanoparticles and antioxidants, namely a multi-stage antioxidant system, was established by comprehensive analysis of experimental results. The synergistic anti-oxidation model provides a new idea for the antioxidant modification of polymer composites.
How Regulation Effects Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Environmental Performance under Different Regulatory Scenarios
Authors: Karassin Orr , Bar-Haim Aviad
Published: June 2019

In a multilevel corporate social performance model we examine the effects of three different regulatory scenarios on corporate environmental performance (CEP) (relating to compliance and beyond compliance behaviors) as a measure of CSR. The empirical state defined as a “cooperative regulator” is assessed against three simulated scenarios: a “coercive regulator” (more punitive), a “demanding regulator” (strengthened standards) and a “lax regulator” (less punitive and less demanding). The relative effect of different regulatory scenarios is examined within a multilevel multivariate model. The model allows for the estimation of the role of regulatory strategies in relation to other CEP antecedents. The model includes the principal driving factors effecting CEP and incorporates three levels of analysis: institutional, organizational, and individual. The multilevel nature of the design allows for the assessment of the relative importance of the levels and their components in the achievement of CEP. Included in the institutional level are stakeholder expectations, regulatory demands and regulatory power. Included in the organizational level are corporate organizational culture, CSR orientation of managers and organizational leadership. Included in the individual level are personal workplace behaviors and norms, namely: job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The simulation of regulatory scenarios shows that the empirical “cooperative regulator” has the strongest positive effect on CEP. Contrarily, coercive regulatory practices reduce the internal motivation for compliance and beyond compliance action, although they may increase the external incentives. Laxer regulatory practices reduce the credibility of the normative effect of the regulatory regime and weaken the internal motivation for CEP. While findings show that regulation does play a key role in CEP performance, the organizational level has the strongest and most positive significant relationships with CEP. Organizational culture and manager’s attitudes and behaviors are significant driving forces. Generally, the individual level, depicting workers’ attitudes toward their workplace, is found as insignificant in promoting CEP.
Quantitative Assessment of the Influence of Camera and Parameter Choice for Outdoor Electroluminescence Investigations of Silicon Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Doll B. , del Rivero E. Calderón , Hepp J. , Pickel T. , Buerhop C. , Knecht R. , Camus C. , Hauch J. , Parisi J. , Brabec C.J.
Published: June 2019

With the spread of photovoltaics (PV) and increasing diversity in PV panel technology, quantitative comparison of the modules is highly desirable for consistent on-site quality assessment. Electroluminescence imaging reveals many defects, such as macroscopic crystal or electrical contact defects, but quantitative comparison outside the laboratory without controlled environment is still difficult, especially for different detector technologies. Here, we show how this problem can be addressed by adding reference spots in the module area: One passive dark spot and an active bright spot composed of a high-power back-contacted silicon PV cell. Those reference spots are used to evaluate the module’s electroluminescence signal under different environmental conditions and to establish comparable results. Additionally, the comparison of images acquired with different camera technology detectors, such as silicon and InGaAs, is realised for signal levels.
Developing Effective Mosquito Control Strategies by Utilizing Vector Mosquito Life Histories and Ecology
Authors: Tokash-Peters Amanda G. , Tokash Ivan W. , Campos Alberto J. , Woodhams Douglas C.
Published: June 2019

Globally, mosquitoes have the propensity to severely impact public health by transmitting infectious agents that can lead to diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, and West Nile fever. To develop appropriate control and mitigation measures for controlling the spread of mosquito-borne disease, we need to better understand ecological influences on mosquitoes, including competition, predation, and interactions with the environment. Building novel and environmentally conscious strategies has become increasingly important under the threat of potential range expansion with climate change and increased global connectivity. As a result of this case study and answering the corresponding questions, readers will be able to identify modern approaches to mosquito control based on an ecological understanding of these disease vectors. Readers will actively engage in scenarios where they will balance trade-offs between public health and environmental health, while considering the breadth of factors involved in global mosquito control efforts.
SGLT inhibitors and euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis: earlier observations rediscovered
Authors: Beshyah Salem A , Frier Brian M
Published: June 2019

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening metabolic derangement, defined by the presence of severe hyperglycaemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis. Recently, DKA was redefined to be present when the latter two abnormalities occur without severe hyperglycaemia. Munro and colleagues in Edinburgh described ‘euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis’ in 1973 and suggested this new terminology. The same year the critical feature of this subclass of DKA – that is, an increased urinary loss of glucose – was identified by Ireland and Thomson in Glasgow. In the subsequent 40 years (from 1974 to 2014), clinical interest in this condition was limited to a few case reports. The emergence of a new class of antidiabetes medications, the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors, which promote profuse glycosuria, has reawakened interest in euglycaemic DKA, as this is a side effect of these drugs. The earlier perceptive observations of these physicians in Scotland deserve to be recognised for their contribution in identifying and describing euglycaemic DKA and correctly identifying its underlying pathogenesis. Recent international consensus has provided guidance to physicians to aid timely recognition of the condition by testing for ketosis in the appropriate clinical context and to manage it effectively by discontinuing the SGLT inhibitor and provision of insulin, carbohydrate and hydration (the STICH protocol). This may be particularly relevant in view of the recent licensing developments for use of certain members of the SGLT inhibitors in type 1 diabetes.
Joseph A. Tosi: ecólogo forestal y visionario promotor de la conservación y el desarrollo
Authors: Bolaños-Montero Rafael
Published: June 2019

En este artículo se presenta la biografía de Joseph A. Tosi, el eecólogo forestal y visionario promotor de la conservación y el desarrollo.
Trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor UAV based on sliding mode active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chen Zengqiang , Sun Mingwei , Zhang Xinghui
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a sliding mode active disturbance rejection control scheme to deal with trajectory tracking control problems for the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Firstly, the differential signal of the reference trajectory can be obtained directly by using the tracking differentiator (TD), then the design processes of the controller can be simplified. Secondly, the estimated values of the UAV's velocities, angular velocities, total disturbance can be acquired by using extended state observer (ESO), and the total disturbance of the system can be compensated in the controller in real time, then the robustness and anti-interference capability of the system can be improved. Finally, the sliding mode controller based on TD and ESO is designed, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov method. Simulation results show that the control scheme proposed in this paper can make the quadrotor track the desired trajectory quickly and accurately.
Robust fixed-time synchronization of discontinuous Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with mixed time delays
Authors: Kong Fanchao , Zhu Quanxin , Liang Feng , Nieto Juan J.
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to investigate the fixed-time synchronization (i.e., synchronization in fixed-time sense) of Cohen–Grossberg drive-response neural networks with discontinuous neuron activations and mixed time delays (both time-varying discrete delay and distributed delay). To accomplish the target of fixed-time synchronization, a novel discontinuous feedback control procedure is firstly designed for the response neural networks. Then, under the framework of Filippov solutions, by means of functional differential inclusions theory, inequality technique and the nonsmooth analysis theory with Lyapunov-like approach, some sufficient criteria are derived to design the control parameters for achieving fixed-time synchronization of the proposed drive-response systems. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed methodologies.
Neurologic Outcome After Prematurity: Perspectives of Parents and Clinicians
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Huffstetler Hanna , Barks Mary Carol , Kirby Christine , Katz Madelaine , Ubel Peter A. , Docherty Sharron L. , Brandon Debra
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Parents and clinicians caring for premature infants face high-stakes and time-sensitive decisions about care. We aimed to characterize how parents and clinicians discuss outcome in the context of decision-making for premature infants.

METHODS:

In this qualitative descriptive study, we used a case-based, prospective design. Cases of extreme prematurity were targeted. Parents and clinicians completed semistructured interviews about care decisions longitudinally in the first year of life. Interview data were analyzed by using directed content analysis.

RESULTS:

Sixteen parents and 53 clinicians of 10 infants completed 178 interviews (n = 115 parent; n = 63 clinician). Two primary themes emerged. First, parents and clinicians discussed prognostic information differently from each other. Parents focused on whether their infant would survive, whereas clinicians concentrated on neurologic outcome and the potential for life with disability. Parent discussion of the future was broad and rooted in hope and spirituality. Clinician prognostic language was narrowly focused and probabilistic. Second, we identified barriers and facilitators to a shared understanding of infant outcome. Clinicians perceived that parents were unaware of or unable to process important information about the big picture. Parents valued consistent therapeutic relationships; transitions of care and underused roles of the care team undermined this consistency. Clinical uncertainty forced parents and clinicians to “wait and see” about the future.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parents and clinicians discuss and weigh information about the future differently from each other as they consider choices for extremely premature infants. Future work should characterize the impact of these differences on prognostic communication and decision-making.
Ecological features of urease activity distribution in technogenically altered soils of the Nikopol manganese ore basin
Authors: Chorna V. I. , Wagner I. V.
Published: June 2019

The challenge of degradation of natural ecosystems because of human activity is considered by the world community to the most serious problems facing mankind. As a result of mineral extraction, man-made landscapes and environmentally ruined areas replace natural habitats and agroecosystems; a whole spectrum of man-made processes are typical for such landscapes, which leads to a decrease in species richness and biological diversity within such areas. Degraded territories formed in the process of coal mining are often partially restored through remediation measures. During the implementation of the technical stage of remediation, substrates with different potential fertility having different environmental properties and quality are used. Specific features of distribution total, available nitrogen concentrations and levels of urease enzymatic activity at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams in the Nikopol manganese ore basin are established. It is presented general assessment of technosol status by concentration of general easily hydrolysed nitrogen enzyme activity of urease and this enzyme enriches the soil with mineral nitrogen in the process of mineralization of organic substances.  The level of activity of urease,  investigated soils, determines the intensity of the direction of biochemical processes that affect soil fertility.High correlation between concentrations of soluble nitrogen and urease activity values by layers of artificial soil (r = 0.81), sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green (r = 0.98), red-brown clays (r = 0.72) and onto loess-like loam (r = 0.85) were found. Tendency of decreasing hydrolytic enzyme activity, urease, with depth in all types of artificial soil studied was established. It has been established that biochemical diagnostics of technozem processes beyond the level of activity of the hydrolytic enzyme urease makes it possible to estimate the direction of changes at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams. The recultivated soil has some what lower fertility and greater salimity at the lower horizons, but is capable of performing ecological functions and can not only be used for economic purposes, but also perform ecological functions.
Molecular Detection of Grape Decline Phytoplasma in Leafhopper Species Associated with Infected Grapevines in Iran
Authors: Zamharir M. G. , Mozaffarian F. , Hosseini-Gharalari A.
Published: June 2019

Following recent detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’,
‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’, ‘Ca. P. solani’ and
‘Ca. P. phoenicium’-related strains in Iranian vineyards, a
survey was conducted in 2016–2017 in vineyards located in Qazvin province of
Iran. Nested PCR analysis was performed to identify phytoplasma strains in
leafhopper species. The overall, less than 5% of grapevine trees shows
phytoplasma symptoms and phyto-plasma was detected in all symptomatic samples.
Phytoplasma DNA was detected in two leafhopper species. Most leafhopper species
in which phytoplasma DNA were detected are recorded to be grass feeders, among
which, Stolbur phytoplasma vectors, i.e. Psammotettix alienus
(Dahlbom 1851) and Agallia ribauti (Ossian-nilsson, 1938),
showed a strong potential ability for ‘Ca. P. solani’
transmission in Qazvin vineyards. The possibility of phytoplasma transmission
between leafhoppers and grapevines is discussed.
Insecticide Toxicity, Synergism and Resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Soleymanzade A. , Khorrami F. , Forouzan M.
Published: June 2019

Plutella xylostella has become particularly notorious for its
resistance to various insecticides. The toxicities of abamectin, hexaflumuron
and indoxacarb to third instar larvae of the pest were assayed using the
leaf-dipping method. The results showed that abamectin and indoxacarb with the
lowest LC50 values exhibited stronger toxicity to larvae than hexaflumuron. To
determine the synergism of PBO, DEM, DEF and TPP on the toxicity of tested
insecticides and demonstrating possible biochemical mechanisms, an abamectin-, a
hexaflu-muron- and an indoxacarb-resistant strain of P.
xylostella were selected under laboratory conditions. After 10
generations of selection, the selected strains developed 14.21, 7.08, and
32.36-fold higher resistance to these insecticides, respectively. Abamectin
resistance in abamectin-selected strain was suppressed with the synergists such
as DEM and PBO, suggesting the involvement of monooxygeneses and glutathione
S-transferase in the development of resistance in P.
xylostella. Treatment with PBO and DEF significantly decreased the
toxicity of hexaflumuron in the hexaflumuron-selected strain. Also, in
indoxacarb-selected strain, the maximum synergism was occurred using PBO and
DEF, followed by DEM and TPP. Hexaflumuron and indoxacarb synergism studies
indicated in hexaflumuron resistance, monooxygenases and esterases, and in
indoxacarb resistance, monooxygenases, esterases and glutathione S-transferae
may be involved in the resistance mechanisms
Designing an industrial protocol to develop a new fat-reduced- ice cream formulation by replacing stabilizers with microbial transglutaminase enzyme
Authors: Serdar Akin M. , Goncu Busra , B. Akin Mutlu
Published: June 2019

In this study, the possibility of replacing stabilizers with microbial transglutaminase (MTG) enzyme in fat-reduced ice cream production was studied. In addition, the stage of adding (before or after the heat treatment) the MTG enzyme to ice cream was also investigated. Five different ice creams (A and C containing 1 unit MTG/g protein without stabilizer, B and D containing 0.5 unit MTG/g protein and 0.35 % stabilizer, which also consist of the mixture of Carrageenan (E 407), Guar gum (E 412), Xanthan gum (E 415) and Sodium alginate (E 401), and E
(control) containing 0.7 % stabilizer) were manufactured. MTG has been added to samples A and B after heat treatment while it was added to C and D samples before the heat treatment. An experimental analysis related to the overrun, viscosity melting properties, pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, fat, protein, sensorial and microstructural properties of ice creams was carried out. According to the results, the amount and the adding stage of MTG significantly affected overrun, melting, viscosity, coldness, firmness, smoothness, mouth coating, color, appearance, taste, smell scores, and also microstructure of ice creams (p<0.01). Results also showed that MTG could be used together with other stabilizers after heat treatment in the production of ice cream. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that sample B was the closest
to control in terms of sensorial properties.
REDEFINISI IJTIHAD DAN TAQLID: Upaya Reaktualisasi dan Revitalisasi Perspektif Sosio-Historis
Authors: Safe’i Abdulah
Published: June 2019

AbstrakTema ini diangkat berdasarkan fakta sejarah bahwa pengertian ijtihad telah mengalami pergeseran makna. ijtihad pada periode awal diidentikkan dengan ra’yu, yang berarti pertimbangan dan pendapat seorang ahli. Pada masa tabi’in dan era  imam madzhab [abad ke-2 H – pertengahan abad ke-4 H], ijtihad identik dengan al-ra'yu  dan  qiyas.  Dalam perkembangan berikutnya, ra’yu muncul dalam bentuk lain yang dikenal dengan istihsan. Selanjutnya sesudah periode imam madzhab sampai sekarang, ijtihad didefinisikan sebagai upaya menetapkan hukum yang dilakukan oleh seorang mujtahid dengan cara mengeluarkan secara maksimal segala kemampuan yang dimilikinya.  Definisi di atas secara ekstrim menjadikan institusi ijtihad sebagai sesuatu yang tidak mudah dilakukan oleh siapa saja. Sehingga hasil ijtihad pada masa kini dikesani kurang bermutu dibandingkan dengan produk ijtihad pada masa sebelumnya. Bahkan sejak abad ke-IV H hingga  kini para ulama kurang berani  menonjolkan diri atau ditonjolkan oleh pengikutnya sebagai mujtahid muthlaq/mustaqil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk memenuhi syarat ijtihad yang ditentukan sulit untuk dipenuhi sekarang ini. Oleh karena itu upaya redefinisi ijtihad menjadi penting agar semangat ijtihad di kalangan ahli hukum Islam terus berkobar dan masa depan hukum Islam tetap sesuai dengan situasi dan zamannya. Tentunya dengan pengertian ijtihad yang bisa memberikan peluang kepada siapa saja untuk melakukannya, tidak dengan berbagai persyaratan yang sulit dijangkau, begitu juga dengan pengertian taklid.Kata Kunci: Mujtahid, Mukallid, Ijtihad
TEORI SYIRKAH DALAM PEMBAGIAN HARTA BERSAMA BAGI ISTRI YANG BERKARIR BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 DAN KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM SERTA PRAKTEKNYA DI PENGADILAN AGAMA
Authors: Ruhimat Mamat
Published: June 2019

AbstrakHukum Islam tidak mengenal aturan percampuran antara harta suami dan harta istri karena perkawinan. Aturan percampuran antara harta suami dan harta istri karena perkawinan muncul dalam hukum Positif di Indonesia melalui Pasal 35, 36 dan 37 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Adapun Kepemilikan bersama dalam hukum Islam diatur dalam Hukum Syirkah. Pembagian harta bersama dalam perkawinan memunculkan persoalan perihal jumlah prosentase pem­bagian dari harta bersama. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari putusan Mahkamah Agung tentang pembagian harta bersama terhadap suami yang tidak memberi nafkah terhadap anak dan istri berdasarkan putusan Nomor 266K/­AG/2010. Berdasarkan putusan tersebut, penggugat (istri) ber­hak mendapat tiga perempat dan tergugat (suami) berhak memiliki se­perempat bagian dari harta bersama. Harta bersama dalam hukum Islam merujuk pada teori syirkah dengan tujuan memelihara ke­mas­la­hatan dan dalam hukum positif merujuk kepada KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan Pasal Pasal 35-37 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam Pasal 85-97.Kata Kunci: Syirkah, Harta Bersama, Pengadilan Agama
PEMBERIAN HADIAH VOUCHER PADA PROGRAM TABUNGAN MUDHARABAH DI BANK OCBC NISP SYARIAH CIBEUNYING
Authors: Tusadiah Halimah
Published: June 2019

AbstrakBank OCBC NISP Syariah dalam rangka merayakan hari ulang tahun (HUT) Ke-7, membuka program tabungan mudharabah IB WOW. Bank memberikan hadiah kepada nasabah yang menabung Rp. 1.000.000,- berhadiah Rp. 2.000.000,-. Bank menawarkan tabungan berhadiah voucher belanja elektronik senilai Rp. 2.000.000,- setelah menyetor dana tabungan senilai Rp. 1.000.000,-. Nilai benefit lebih besar dua kali lipat dari jumlah dana yang disimpan. Pemberian hadiah voucher yang dila­kukan Bank OCBC NISP syariah ini masih menyisakan masalah. Pem­berian hadiah voucher ini apakah termasuk ke dalam kategori hadiah? karena hadiah biasanya berupa barang atau benda yang berwujud dan dapat diserahterimakan, akan tetapi hadiah ini berupa voucher. Berda­sarkan uraian tersebut di atas, peneliti akan menganalisis kesesuaian pemberian hadiah voucher yang dilakukan oleh Bank OCBC NISP syariah dengan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Nomor 100/DSN-MUI/XII/2015 tentang pedoman transaksi voucher multi manfaat syariah. Di dalam faktwa tersebut dijelaskan, bahwa voucher multi manfaat syariah merupakan voucher komersial yang ditawarkan kepada konsumen memberikan manfaat berupa diskon atas produk halal untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari, di mana diskon ini adalah pengurangan harga jual suatu produk atas kerjasama penerbit voucher dengan pihak lain. Ketentuan hukumnya pun tidak mengharamkan, melainkan membolehkan pem­berian hadiah voucher dengan berpedoman pada ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada pada fatwa tersebut.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Pigmen Merah Besi(III) Oksida dari Serbuk Besi Limbah Bubut Logam
Authors: Khalamudillah Futhri Azhari , Suhendar Dede , Supriadin Asep
Published: June 2019

Limbah bubut dengan kandungan logam berat dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan jika dibuang secara langsung ke lingkungan tanpa diolah kembali. Limbah tersebut merupakan bahan potensial yang dapat dimanfaatkan karena kandungan utamanya yang sebagian besar merupakan unsur besi. Sintesis pigmen merah digunakan metode presipitasi dengan menggunakan 4 suhu kalsinasi yang berbeda (500, 600, 700, dan  800°C). Karakterisasi hasil sintesis digunakan instrumen X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Spektrofotometer Datacolor. Serbuk besi dari limbah bubut logam yang digunakan sebagai sampel mengandung unsur besi (Fe), hasil sintesis diperoleh empat pigmen merah besi(III) oksida dengan fasa hematit dengan rendemen 99,90% dan dengan intensitas warna merah yang berbeda pada setiap suhu kalsinasi yang digunakan. Serbuk besi limbah bubut logam dapat disintesis menjadi pigmen merah besi(III) oksida (hematit) dengan metode presipitasi dan pigmen merah dengan kalsinasi suhu 700°C memiliki intensitas warna merah yang dominan dari ke-3 suhu kalsinasi yang lain
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol pada Ekstrak Virgin Minyak Zaitun Kemasan
Authors: Fauziah Mirna Ulfa , Supriadin Asep , Berghuis Nila T
Published: June 2019

Ekstrak virgin minyak zaitun merupakan perasan pertama minyak zaitun yang banyak mengandung polifenol dan tokoferol yang berperan penting dalam aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan hasil ekstraksi ekstrak metanol pada ekstrak virgin minyak zaitun yang berasal dari buah zaitun Italy yang beredar dipasaran Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidannya dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) yang diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm dengan vitamin C sebagai pembanding. Penggunaan sonikator dan sentrifugasi digunakan dalam proses pemisahan. Senyawa ekstrak metanol diidentifikasi dengan analisis FTIR dan 1H-NMR. Perhitungan IC50 dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ekstrak metanol pada ekstrak virgin minyak zaitun mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan turunan fenol yang memiliki nilai IC50 474,901 ppm dengan vitamin C sebagai pembanding sebesar 5,9993 ppm.
En særegen form for oppmerksomhet
Authors: Fieldseth Melanie
Published: June 2019

In this article I take a closer look at the work of Mette Edvardsen and Morten Traavik. Their respective bodies of work have little in common in artistic terms, yet both have generated public debate. Rather than being based on informed, critical engagement with the work and practice of these artists, the debate has largely questioned the value of what they do and the public funding that supports it. I see this debate as a reminder of how art necessarily acts or works within contexts, and of the need for qualified insights into how it does so. Within the performing arts, scholars have been thinking about concepts of autonomy and heteronomy and how they might contribute to understanding different practices and experiences of contemporary performing art. These ideas inform this article, which examines the work and practice of Edvardsen and Traavik with an emphasis on aesthetic, dramaturgical and contextual perspectives.
PLURALISÉR!
Authors: Skuseth Karoline
Published: June 2019

This article seeks to identify a political potential in the performing arts, through defining the social construction 'audience' as a plural form, seen in parallel to society at large and dichotomies such as active/passive, agonism/antagonism and the inherent relationship between the artwork and its spectator. Plurality as such is defended by emphasising that diversity of opinion and disagreement may be necessary for positive social development. By looking at a variety of examples of audience participation in contemporary performing arts, the article defines several modes of voluntary and involuntary participation, drawing lines to established art theories as spectator emancipation and relational aesthetics.
Postintervention Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Level, Rather than the Pretreatment or Dynamic Changes of IL-6, as an Early Practical Marker of Tumor Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Wu Yanqin , Fan Wenzhe , Xue Miao , Zhong Bihui , Zhang Shenghong , Wang Yu , Yao Wang , Zhao Yue , Li Jiaping
Published: June 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the potential prognostic roles of the perioperative interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and its dynamic changes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and Methods

Sixty patients with hepatitis B virus-associated HCC receiving TACE were enrolled in the study. Serum IL-6 levels were determined at baseline and 1 day after TACE by immunoassay. Response to TACE was evaluated after a 4–6-week interval. Factors associated with tumor response were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis in a Cox regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive performance of the included variables on tumor response in patients with HCC undergoing TACE.

Results

The serum IL-6 level was significantly elevated 1 day after TACE. Patients in the low postintervention IL-6 level group had a high probability of achieving an objective response (OR) (66.7% vs. 18.8%, p = .021). Post-TACE IL-6 level (≤12.7 pg/mL) and post-/pre-TACE neutrophils ratio (>2.47) were independently correlated with OR after TACE. ROC curve analysis showed that a combined index based on those two factors exhibited optimal predictive power of tumor response among all the included variables (area under the curve = 0.740, 95% confidence interval: 0.601–0.879). Additionally, high post-TACE plasma IL-6 level was associated with maximum tumor size, vascular invasion, post-TACE aspartate aminotransferase, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the post-treatment serum IL-6 level, rather than pretreatment or dynamic changes of IL-6, serves as a powerful predictor for tumor response. These findings provide evidence to help discriminate between patients who will particularly benefit from TACE and those who require more personalized therapeutic regimens and rigorous surveillance.

Implications for Practice

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a major therapeutic regimen for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, identification of early practical markers of tumor response to TACE is of high importance. This study indicated that the post-treatment serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, rather than the pretreatment or dynamic changes of IL-6, serves as a powerful predictor for tumor response. A combined index based on the post-TACE IL-6 level and post-/pre-TACE neutrophils ratio is optimal for predetermining an objective response after TACE, which may be helpful in guiding individualized treatments and surveillance.
Horizons of Sustainability and Individual Ethics: The Case of the International Space Station
Authors: Родин Лика
Published: June 2019

Sustainability is a hot topic in contemporary politics both nationally and internationally. While the current framing of sustainability promoted at the international level favours social policies, doubts about their possible success are growing. If social aspirations are not realised, technological solutions to ecological problems might appear to be the only options. This study contributes to the field of sociology of the future. It explores and problematizes the technologically-oriented approach to sustainability. I consider a radical case of sustainable living – a spacecraft – looking at the emerging challenges to individual human ethics and the general order of sociality. More specifically, the largest contemporary manned space project, the International Space Station (ISS), is taken into analytical focus. With the help of the Foucauldian notion of governmentality, I examine routines and discourses related to the utilization of the life support system at the ISS in regard to human conduct, both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial. Mass-media materials comprise a large part of the dataset for this research. As demonstrated, techno-functionalism characterizes sustainability as governmental rationality. It imposes a subordination of individual human actors to the general order driven by systemic objectives frequently framed in pragmatic and technical terms. Specific practices, including ethically controversial ones, might be requested from individual humans in the name of the system’s stability and efficiency. Those practices are naturalized and normalized within a truth regime constituted by scientific discourse, the authority of experts, media events and the related public discussions.
Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy (CDMSE) among Gifted and Talented Students in Malaysia: An Initial Demographic Study
Authors: MOHD HAKİMİE ZAİNAL Abidin , AMAT Salleh , MAHMUD Mohd İzwan , BAKAR Mastura Abu , ABU BAKAR Abu Yazid
Published: June 2019

Career decision making is one of the crucial elements for students
in the school setting. Career decision making is vital for students to make a
decision over their knowledge about their future professions. For gifted
students, they may advance from the normal population of students in
discovering their future jobs. This study focusing on career decision making
among gifted and talented students in Malaysia. The level of career decision
making is measured by the researchers using Career Decision Making
Self-Efficacy (CDMSE)-Revised, which was developed in 1996. This research
involved 2800 Malaysian gifted and talented students who are studying at the
boarding schools. The descriptive statistical analysis is used to find the
phenomenon of career decision making among research respondents in terms of gender,
parental level of education, and family income. The finding of this research
shows that gifted and talented students are different from their normal peers
in terms of career decision making self-efficacy. The implication of this
research is discussed in this paper especially for guidance and counseling
provisional dimension.
How to Prepare a Single Cell Suspension from a Frozen Cell Sample v1
Authors: Technologies Stemcell
Published: June 2019

Preparing a single cell suspension from a frozen starting sample is critical for optimizing cell isolations by avoiding additional cell loss and enabling the maximum labeling of target cells. Performing cell separation on clumpy cell samples can result in lower recovery and may interfere with proper labeling of the target cells. Samples may sometimes appear "clumpy" when they have been exposed to repeated freeze/thaw cycles or enzymatic tissue dissociation. These cell clumps occur because environmental stresses can accelerate the rate of cell death within the sample, resulting in the release of "sticky" DNA molecules from the dying cells that can clump neighboring cells together. Adding the endonuclease deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) into your sample can minimize the presence of free-floating DNA fragments and cell clumps. This protocol describes a method to harvest cells and prepare a clump-free single cell suspension from a frozen cell sample prior to performing cell separation.
KONTRIBUSI PEMBELAJARAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA BIDANG OTOMOTIF
Authors: El-khomaen Amri R. , Supriawan Dedi , Sukrawan Yusep
Published: June 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kontribusi pembelajaran kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa di SMK Negeri 8 Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket dan studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pelaksanaan pembelajaran kewirausahaan di SMK Negeri 8 Bandung tergolong dalam kategori cukup baik, sedangkan minat berwirausaha siswa di SMK Negeri 8 Bandung berada dalam kategori sedang. Hasil pengujian koefisien determinasi antara pembelajaran kewirausahaan dan minat berwirausaha menunjukkan bahwa besarnya kontribusi dari pembelajaran kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha pada bidang otomotif siswa kelas XII TSM SMK Negeri 8 Bandung berada pada kategori sedang.