bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of groundwater potential using remote sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis method in Fetam-Yisir catchment, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Gizaw Endalkachew Abebaw , Bawoke Getnet Taye , Alemu Melkamu Meseret , Anteneh Zelalem Leyew
Published: March 2023

Detecting the potential region of the groundwater resource is a difficult issue all over the world. Know a day, advanced geospatial technologies are excellent tools for efficient planning, managing, and assessing groundwater resources, particularly in data-scarce developing nations. Remote sensing (RS) and GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods were applied to delineate the groundwater potential (GWP) in the Fetam-Yisir catchment, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Nine thematic layers: slope, geomorphology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic elevation, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), soil, rainfall, and drainage density from satellite and conventional data were used. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) of an MCDA was employed to compute the corresponding normalized weight for the class in a layer and weights for the thematic layers on the base of their relative significance to the GWP. Integration of all thematic maps has been done using the ‘‘Weighted overlay’’ tool to obtain a GWP map. The GWP map is then validated using observed boreholes, and springs yield data. The verification of the final GWP zone map against yield data confirms 81.82% agreement indicating the authenticity of the method. The final GWP output confirmed that 43.2% area of the Fetam-Yisir catchment falls in a ‘‘good’’ GWP zone; 41.8%, 7.44%, 7.4%, and 0.02% of the area falls in ‘‘moderate’’, ‘‘Very good’’, “Poor” and ‘‘very poor’’ GWP zones, respectively. The sensitivity analysis divulges that the GWP map is highly sensitive to slope with a mean variation index of 1.45%. Thus, this study can be used for effective groundwater exploration, development, and sustainable abstraction, as well as it guides the researchers in locating the GWP zone.
Collecting duct carcinoma with retroperitoneal mass as initial presentation: A rare case report
Authors: Ye Rupei , Liao Yehui , Xia Tian , Zhang Xinfeng , Lu Qiyi , Xiao Xiuli
Published: March 2023

Background: Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare renal tumor, originating from the distal collecting duct. CDC rarely presents as a primary tumor outside the renal system.
Case presentation: In this study, we report a rare case of collecting duct carcinoma, with an initial presentation of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, and no identifiable primary renal tumor on CT, at the time of diagnosis. The patient was a 64-year-old man presenting with lower back pain. Preoperative CT showed a round, soft tissue mass, measuring 6.7×4.4×3.3 cm, in the left retroperitoneum with no exact occupying lesion in the left kidney. Clinically, ectopic pheochromocytoma was considered to be a differential diagnosis, and tumor resection was performed. Postoperative pathological results demonstrated that the mass was a fused lymph node, and the tumor cells were destroying the structure. The final diagnosis was lymph node metastatic collecting duct carcinoma, by histology and immunohistochemistry. No further treatment was performed as no space occupying lesion was found in the kidney. Three months later, CT was reexamined, and a mass of 3.6 cm in diameter, was found in the lower left kidney, along with multiple soft tissue masses, in the left renal hilum. Considering recurrence or metastasis, the patient was recommended to undergo surgical treatment, but the patient refused. Four months later, CT was re-examined. The tumor had rapidly progressed but the patient refused treatment again. As per the author's press release (eleven months after the first discovery), the patient is still alive.
Conclusion: CDC is a rare malignant renal carcinoma, with a high chance of rapid progress, regional lymph nodes involvement and metastasis. It presents diagnostic challenges to clinicians and pathologists, particularly, in the absence of radiographically detectable intrarenal lesions. Definite diagnosis is based on pathological examination combined with immunohistochemical staining.
Effect of in situ simulation training for emergency caesarean section on maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Wang Yin , Liu Dehong , Wu Xiumei , Zheng Chenmin , Chen Xianxia
Published: March 2023

Background
Emergency caesarean section (ECS) is an effective method for rapid termination of pregnancy and for saving maternal and foetal life in emergencies. Experts recommend that the interval from decision of operation to the decision to delivery interval (DDI)should be shortened as much as possible. Studies have shown that improving communication skills among staff by performing simulation drills shortens DDI, thus reducing the occurrence of adverse obstetric events and protecting maternal and child safety. In situ simulation (ISS) training is a simulation-based training approach for clinical team members conducted in a real-world clinical setting. In August 2020, Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital began ISS training on the rapid obstetric response team (RRT) in our hospital area for emergency caesarean section. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing in situ simulation training for emergency caesarean section on maternal and child outcomes by comparing maternal and child-related data on emergency caesarean section in two hospital areas.
Methods
Data on cases of emergency caesarean delivery implemented in two hospital districts from August 2020 to August 2022 were collected: 19 in the untrained group and 26 in the training group. The two groups were compared concerning the interval from the decision of operation to the decision to delivery interval (DDI), the interval from the decision of operation to the initiation of skin removal, the interval from skin removal to the decision to delivery interval, and the neonatal situation.
Results
The interval between the start of DDI and the decision to cut skin was significantly shorter in the training group than in the untrained group (P < 0.01), the interval between cutting skin and feticide was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the Apgar score at 1 minute after birth was higher in the training group than in the untrained group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The DDI for emergency caesarean section procedures can be significantly shortened, and neonatal Apgar scores improved by implementing in situ simulation training for emergency caesarean section in obstetric rapid response teams. In situ simulation training is an effective tool for training in emergency caesarean section procedures and is worth promoting.
Regional Economic Analysis of Major Areas in South Korea:
Using a 2005-2010-2015 Multi-Regional Input–Output table
Authors: Lee Seongha , Ishiro Taku
Published: March 2023

South Korea’s Seoul metropolitan area accounts for more than half of the country’s GDP and population. This phenomenon is getting worse annually. Regions outside the metropolitan area of Korea are not only decreasing in terms of economic size, but also becoming more dependent on the metropolitan area in terms of economic structure. In the past, the metropolitan area was based on the service industry and the size of the manufacturing industry was large in other regions, but the size of the manufacturing industry in the metropolitan area also increased over time. To analyze dependence on the Seoul Metropolitan area, this study conducts inter-regional production inducement effects, regional division of labor, and three regional structural decomposition analysis using Korea's 2005-2010-2015 MRIO to further analyze dependence on the metropolitan area. Furthermore, this research integrates industry classification and realizes price level of Input-Output tables to link three years MRIO in three industries: Wholesale and retail trade and product brokerage services, Motor vehicle, and Semiconductor and other electronic components. From the inter-regional production inducement effect, the effect between the metropolitan area and each region is calculated through the regional export and import effects of each region. Furthermore, the proportion of metropolitan areas in major industries and their changes are measured through regional division of labor, and through multi regional structural decomposition analysis, the growth factors of each region over the 10 years are determined by own region, metropolitan area, and other regions.
Design and Research of Non-destructive Detection Drive Device for Precision Type Cylindrical Roller Dynamic Unbalance
Authors: Liang Shijie , Duan Mingde , Zhang Zhuangya , Chen Yang , Deng Sier
Published: March 2023

In order to solve the problem of small high-speed precision cylindrical roller, which is difficult to drive and the surface is easily damaged when doing dynamic unbalance detection due to the small size and light mass of the roller, this paper proposes a new drive method, using air flotation non-destructive support instead of V-block or cylindrical surface of the roller and other lossy contact support and air flotation electric spindle combined with vacuum suction cup instead of belt friction drive; establish a mathematical model of cylindrical roller force to study the force of cylindrical roller in the air flotation sleeve during the drive, and through the force analysis, it is shown that under the condition that the structural parameters and material parameters of the drive remain unchanged, the start-up speed of the drive depends on the load-bearing capacity of the air film on the cylindrical roller; the mathematical model of the air film load-bearing capacity and the thickness of the air film is established to study the changing characteristics of the air film load-bearing capacity in the air flotation sleeve, and the correctness of the mathematical model is verified through numerical calculation combined with simulation analysis; the test platform of the drive device based on the non destructive detection of cylindrical roller dynamic unbalance is built to further verify the feasibility of high-speed non-destructive drive of cylindrical rollers and to create favorable conditions for the development of the non-destructive detection instrument for small mass cylindrical rollers dynamic unbalance.
Comparison between outcomes of Marsupialization and Lay Open Techniques in the Management of Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Ghalib Hawar Ali , Ameen Shorsh Hama Hussein , Hussein Hussein Ali
Published: March 2023

Background

Different surgical strategies emerged as a pilonidal disease (PNS) became more prevalent. There is considerable debate over the best surgical management.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of marsupialization (MP) vs laying open (LO) techniques in studied patients. Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 200 consecutive patients with chronic PNS who operated either the excision and MP technique (Group 1, no.=100) or excision and LO technique (Group 2, no.=100) in Hospital, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from January 2012 to January 2022. The patients' socio-demographics, perioperative data, complications and recurrences were collected using a well-designed, self-prepared questionnaire. Also, the patient’s data was evaluated after surgery regarding postoperative pain, satisfaction, healing and dressing time, incapacity to work and overall postoperative complications.

Results

Most patients were aged 20–29 years (40.5%), males (71.5%), had working hours for > 6 hours (57%), had no family history of PNS (86.0%), presented with pain (44.83%), and with hirsutism (41.5%). For postoperative pain, 39.5% of the patients had severe pain, 38% had moderate, and 22.5% had mild, with highly significant differences (p = 0.000) between both studied groups. Concerning patient postoperative satisfaction, most patients (32.5%) had good and least had excellent (6.0%) satisfaction, with highly significant differences (p = 0.000) between both studied groups. Moreover, for the association between the outcomes of both used techniques, a substantial correlation between both groups was found for incapacity for regular daily activity (p = 0.046), healing time (p = 0.000), dressing time (p = 0.000), infection, dehiscence, bleeding and recurrence (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

MP was the preferred technique over LO in managing postoperative patient satisfaction, pain severity, duration of healing, and dressing time, as it had fewer complications with less recurrence rate.
Application of Data Mining in Enterprise Financial Risk Prediction Based on Genetic Algorithm and Linear adaptive optimization
Authors: Yi Xu
Published: March 2023

In the construction of enterprise financial risk prediction model, the obtaining of the optimal solution has a key impact on the prediction effect of the prediction model. Exploring the optimization and improvement of the prediction model to obtain the optimal solution is an urgent problem. In this paper, based on genetic algorithm and data mining technology, a genetic algorithm model based on adaptive improvement is proposed. Through linear adaptive optimization, the optimal solution of complex problems is obtained. When estimating parameters, EM algorithm is used to estimate, so that the final effect of model fusion can reach the expectation. At the same time, it integrates data mining technology, Borderline STATE EasyEnsemble sampling method and SVM intelligent technology to build an optimized comprehensive risk early warning model, which realizes the automatic integration and prediction of financial risks. The adjusted mathematical model is better than the single technical model. This study verified that the prediction ability of the improved model for minority samples has been greatly improved. Under the new method, F1 + F2 + F3 has increased by 14.83% compared with the single F1 feature, and the prediction accuracy of most types of samples has not been reduced. The prediction effect has generally improved. Finally, according to the current situation of enterprise finance, this paper puts forward effective measures to prevent enterprise financial risks.
Clinical analysis of pregnancy outcome of different fertility-sparing surgery for borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Wang Mingdan , Liu Kui-Ran
Published: March 2023

Background
To retrospectively analyze the different fertility-sparing surgery for patients with borderline ovarian tumors, and study their effects on pregnancy outcome and prognosis, to provide guidance and help clinical workers to choose treatment plans.
Methods
The clinical data of 325 patients with borderline ovarian tumors who underwent fertility-sparing surgery at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2015 to 2021 were collected. To understand the pregnancy intention and pregnancy outcome of patients through follow-up. The deadline for follow-up was July 2022. After checking and sorting out the data, SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
Results
Among 325 borderline ovarian tumor patients undergoing fertility-sparing surgery, 118 patients had fertility desire. The postoperative pregnancy rate was 57.63% (68/118), and the natural pregnancy rate was 83.82% (57/68). Univariate analysis showed that the selection of surgical methods and routes and CA125 had significant effects on pregnancy outcomes (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate after cystectomy was 69.57% (32/46), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was 70.83% (17/24), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + contralateral oophorectomy/cystectomy was 44.00% (11/25), and stage surgery with fertility preservation was 34.78% (8/23). There was a statistical difference between cystectomy and stage operation with fertility preservation (P < 0.0083). The variables P < 0.10 in univariate analysis were included in the logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the surgical method affected the pregnancy outcome, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Univariate analysis showed that different surgical methods, surgical approaches, and whether CA125 was positive or not affected the postoperative pregnancy rate of borderline ovarian tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between the operation mode and the pregnancy outcome after the operation. The pregnancy rate after ovarian cystectomy was better than that of stage operation with fertility preservation. The pregnancy rate after laparoscopy was better than that after laparotomy.
Birth and Regulation of head Extension to Guide Manual perineal Assistance (BREGMA) study (a prospective cohort study)
Authors: Abouelhassan Abdelrahman , Kalis Vladimir , Schüssler Marc , Awwad Hassan , Hassan Rania , Ismail Khaled M.
Published: March 2023

Background: The exact positioning of the dominant hand at the time of manual perineal protection (MPP) is not clearly specified. The main aim of this work was to identify the place on the perineum where pressure needs to be applied to achieve optimal forward fetal head displacement away from the anal sphincters using the bregma to posterior fourchette distance (BFD) and the perineal body length (PBL).
Methods: This was a two-center study. Term cephalic singleton nulliparous women having spontaneous vaginal delivery were considered eligible for recruitment into the study. Once crowning was diagnosed and just prior the initiation of manual perineal protection (MPP) or cutting an episiotomy, the BFD and PBL were measured using a standardized measurement protocol.
Results: A total of 100 women (50 women in each center) were recruited into the study. The overall mean BFD was 2.8 ± 0.5 cm. The overall mean PBL was 4.4 ± 0.8 cm. There were no statistically significant differences between the measurements taken in both units regarding BFD or PBL (p = 0.81 and 0.10 respectively). There was a weak correlation between both measurements.
Conclusion: Based on our measured parameters, it seems that the most effective point to apply perineal pressure to displace the head away from the anus is approximately 1 – 1.5 cm anterior to the anal margin. This information will form the bases of future biomechanical studies to confirm their validity.
Treprostinil in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe Idiopathic and Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: He Yuan , Li Qiangqiang , Zhang Chen , Keller Bradley , Gu Hong
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Data have been accumulating that parental treprostinil is safe and effective in pediatric PAH patients. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of treprostinil in severe pediatric patients with IPAH and HPAH (IPAH/HPAH). Methods: Children diagnosed with IPAH/HPAH between August 2018 to April 2022 treated with treprostinil at a single center were included in this study. Clinical data including World Health Organization Functional Class (WHO-FC), echocardiography, BNP level and invasive hemodynamics were collected at baseline, short-term follow-up, and at the last available follow-up. Results: Thirty-four children (mean age 9.55 ± 4.90 years, female 65%) were included in this study. Twenty-eight patients (82% of the cohort) carried PAH-related genes mutations with a dominance of BMPR2 mutations. Thirty patients were in WHO-FC III/IV at baseline and most had severely depressed right ventricle systolic function. At short-term follow-up (3.89 months IQR 3.01, 6.39), all patients were alive with significant improvements in clinical symptoms, echocardiographic parameters, and hemodynamics. Eighteen patients who reached WHO-FC I/II discontinued treprostinil during follow-up. One-year and two-year survival rates of the cohort were 90.6% and 68.2%, respectively. Cox regression analysis identified BNP at short-term follow-up and change of peak tricuspid valve regurgitant velocity (TRV) between baseline and short-term follow-up as predictors for survival. Conclusion: Treprostinil can significantly improve clinical condition, right ventricle function, hemodynamics, and prognosis in children with severe IPAH/HPAH. However, for the children with reduced response to initial treatment non-pharmacological treatments should be considered. Larger, randomized studies using treprostinil in pediatric IPAH/HPAH patients are warranted.
Sequence Spinning Axially Encoded Metafibers
Authors: Ma Jingyu , Liu Yingjun , Gao Chao , Xu Zhen
Published: March 2023

Fiber, an element component of textiles, biology and devices, usually features the same composition and functions along its continuous length. Beyond traditional homogeneous structure, fiber has evolved to the information era and massive codes are expected to be integrated into a single fiber. For the best, encoding fiber along the length direction should reach the maximum code density, however, waits to be fully exploited. Here, we report a microfluidic sequence spinning (MSS) method to continuously program multiple sequencing codes in a single fiber along the axial direction. We precisely controlled the composition arrangement, length and stoichiometric ratio of each sequence. We initiated the axially encoded fiber to encompass mechanical, electrical, magnetic and photothermal metafibers, enabling digitally design metastructure of single fibers. The delicate design in fiber axial compositions conveyed the idea that a single fiber can be digitally programmed to encode and decode information. The axial encoded metafiber extends the scope of fibrous materials and fulfill target demands of future smart textiles.
Effect of Ghrelin on mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells through the AMPK/FUNDC1 pathway
Authors: Tan Wanyi , Dai Xiaoyong , Ye Youwen , Pang Xiufeng , Jiang Meng , Shi Bin
Published: March 2023

Background

The incidence and fatality rate of intestinal I/R injury are increasing year by year, which is a problem that the medical community has been concerned about and needs to be solved urgently. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of the gastrointestinal hormone Ghrelin on the AMPK/FUNDC1 mitophagy pathway under intestinal ischemia and reperfusion, and to clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of Ghrelin on intestinal epithelial cells.

Method

Adult male SD rats were randomized into four groups: sham surgery (Sham), I/R, I/R + Ghrelin, and I/R + Ghrelin + FUNDC1 antagonist group.A model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by clamped the superior mesenteric artery.Rat intestinal epithelium and lung tissues were taken to observe the histopathological morphology and autophagy activity.To measure the IL-6 test for inflammatory factor levels in intestinal epithelial cells, lung lobes, and peripheral blood by ELISA.The expression levels of autophagy proteins including AMPK, pAMPK, FUNDC1, and LC3 in all the rat intestinal epithelial tissues were determined by Western blot.Intracellular ROS levels were measured by a reactive oxygen species fluorescent probe. Using JC-1 probe to detect mitochondrial membrane potential levels.And the expression was determined by quantitative mtDNA by PCR.

Result

HE staining showed that there was no significant intestinal mucosal damage in Sham group,while intestinal mucosal damage was evident in I/R group.Similarly,the villus structure in the I/R + group was nearly normal but the structural in the I/R + Ghrelin + FUNDC1 antagonist group was like that in I/R group.
Compared with the Sham group, IL-6, ROS, and mtDNA levels were significantly increased while the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and AMPK, FUNDC1, and LC3 protein expression were decreased in group I/R rats (all P <0.05).
Compared with the I/R group, the oxidative stress was reduced in the I/R + Ghrelin group, with improved mitochondrial energy metabolism and increased mitophagy protein expression (all P <0.05).However, the I/R+Ghrelin+FUNDC1 inhibitor group reversed the protective effect of the I/R+Ghrelin group, and the results of each test index were close to the I/R group (all P <0.05).
Conclusion: Ghrelin can protect against intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury and distant organs, which may be regulated by the mitophagy pathway of FUNDC1 by AMPK protein.
One case of acute myocardial injury induced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Xu Shuwan , Ouyang Xilin , Mai Peibiao , Zhang Huanji , Zhang Kun , Jiang Huijie
Published: March 2023

Background
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors respectively originating from the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal sympathetic ganglia. The coexistence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is known as composite pheochromocytoma. High levels of catecholamines secreted by PPGL can cause acute myocardial injuries and cardiac dysfunction, such as acute heart failure, pulmonary embolism, cardiogenic shock, and tachyarrhythmia. PPGL is a rare disease. In the clinic, it is easy to ignore or delay diagnosis, resulting in misdiagnosis of patients or untimely treatment.
Case presentation
A 37-year-old woman presented with headache, chest discomfort, and abdominal pain. At the time of the attack, the patient had a maximum blood pressure of 167/90mmHg and a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. Chest computed tomography revealed a mass inside the left adrenal limb. The level of methoxy-catecholamines in the urine sample exceeded the reference values, confirming the diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma. The patient was orally administered adrenergic blockers to relieve symptoms. After a left adrenal mass resection, the plasma catecholamine level was normal, and postoperative medication was discontinued. At the telephone follow-up, the patient complained of occasional episodes of palpitation, but no pain or other discomfort.
Conclusions
We present a case of acute myocardial injury caused by PPGL and conduct a relevant literature review to provide experience for the clinic. In young female patients lacking cardiovascular risk factors presenting with episodes of hypertension and chest tightness, it is recommended to refine CT for the presence of adrenal masses and to rule out circulatory complications promptly. All patients with PPGL are advised to refine genetic testing.
PAPR Suppression in OFDM Systems Using a Combination of FWFT and Nonlinear Root-Based Exponential Companding with Minimum Complexity
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Prajapati Yogendra
Published: March 2023

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is a major drawback. To tackle this, we recommend a neoteric scheme which is associated with a combination of fast Walsh-Hadamard and Fourier transform (FWFT) of low computing complexity and nonlinear root-based exponential companding (REC). The FWF-transform is being obtained by cascading Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) and Fourier transform. The WHT is a linear precoder that distorts phase to somewhat mitigate PAPR. In addition to that, the REC scheme is introduced to further minimize PAPR by adjusting companding parameters. By knowing that conventional exponential companding (EC) increases the low amplitude signals and does not influence high peaks of OFDM signals appropriately. Though, REC scheme does not only compress high amplitudes but also enlarges low amplitudes of the OFDM system simultaneously. Correspondingly, PAPR of the OFDM system reduces. In comparison to any of the other existing schemes, our proposed scheme (FWFT-REC) preserves bit error rate (BER) performance over AWGN, AGWN with solid-state power amplifier (SSPA), and multipath Rayleigh fading channels at the same BER while suppressing PAPR up to 2.10 dB for QPSK at the same complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) = 10− 3.
Unveiling the origin of n-type doping of natural MoS2: Carbon
Authors: Park Youngsin , Li Nannan , Jung Daesung , Singh Laishram Tomba , Baik Jaeyoon , Lee Eunsook , Oh Dongseok , Kim Young Dok , Lee Jin Yong , Woo Jeongseok , Park Seungmin , Kim Hanchul , Lee Geunseop , Lee Geunsik , Hwang Chan
Published: March 2023

MoS2 has attracted intense interest for many applications. Natural MoS2 and field-effect transistors made of it generally exhibit n-type characteristics, but its origin is unknown. Herein, we show that C is the origin of the universal n-type doping of natural MoS2. Photoemission spectroscopies reveal that while many MoS2 samples with C detected are n-type, some without C exhibit p-type characteristics. The C-free, p-type MoS2 changes to n-type over time with the concurrent appearance of C that is out-diffused from bulk, indicating that C induces the n-type doping. The C-origin is verified by C-deposition and supported by theoretical calculations. This carbon appears as nanometer-scale defects frequently observed in scanning tunneling microscopy. In addition, we propose based on the calculations that S vacancies are responsible for the p-type characteristics, which contrasts the widespread belief. This work provides new perspectives on MoS2 doping and presents a new direction for fabricating reliable MoS2 devices.
Thermodynamics of multi-sublattice battery active materials: from an extended regular solution theory to a phase-field model of LiMnFe<1-y>PO
Authors: Ombrini Pierfrancesco , Bazant Martin , Wagemaker Marnix , Vasileiadis Alexandros
Published: March 2023

Phase separation during the lithiation of redox-active materials is a critical factor affecting battery performance, including energy density, charging rates, and cycle life. Accurate physical descriptions of these materials are necessary for understanding underlying lithiation mechanisms, performance limitations, and optimizing energy storage devices. This work presents an extended regular solution model that captures mutual interactions between sublattices of multi-sublattice battery materials, typically synthesized by metal substitution. We apply the model to phospho-olivine materials and demonstrate its quantitative accuracy in predicting the composition-dependent redox shift of the plateaus of LiMnyFe1−yPO4 (LFMP), LiCoyFe1−yPO4 (LFCP), LiCoxMnyFe1−x−yPO4 (LFMCP), as well as their phase separation behavior. Furthermore, we develop a phase-field model of LFMP that consistently matches experimental data and identifies LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4 as a superior composition that favors a solid solution phase transition, making it ideal for high-power applications.
Novel chuvirus detected in a solitary wild bee species (Osmia taurus) from Japan
Authors: Takemae Hitoshi , Nunomura Yuka , Yokota Tomoko , Oba Mami , Mizutani Tetsuya , Hsu Wei-Li , Sakamoto Yoshiko
Published: March 2023

Pathogens of wild bees in Japan remain largely unknown. We examined viruses harbored by solitary wild Osmia bees, including Osmia cornifrons and Osmia taurus. Interestingly, full length genome of a novel virus (designated Osmia-associated bee chuvirus, OABV) were identified from 3 Osmia taurus bees collected in Fukushima prefecture. The sequences and genomic features are similar to those of the Scaldis River bee virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the glycoprotein and nucleoprotein of OABV forms a subcluster within arthropod chuviruses, and close to those strains identified from European countries. Study herein extended the current knowledge of wild bee parasite in Japan.
Molecular Features of Androgen-Receptor Low, Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancers in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Jinna Nikita , Alsten Sarah Van , Rida Padmashree , Seewaldt Victoria , Troester Melissa
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Androgen receptor (AR) expression is absent in 40-90% of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. The prognostic value of AR in ER-negative patients and therapeutic targets for patients absent in AR remains poorly explored.
Methods: We used an RNA-based multigene classifier to identify AR-low and AR-high ER-negative participants in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS; n=669) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n=237). We compared AR-defined subgroups by demographics, tumor characteristics, and established molecular signatures [PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and immune response].
Results: AR-low tumors were more prevalent among Black (relative frequency difference (RFD) = +7%, 95% CI = 1% to 14%) and younger (RFD = +10%, 95% CI = 4% to 16%) participants in CBCS and were associated with HER2-negativity (RFD = -35%, 95% CI = -44% to -26%), higher grade (RFD = +17%, 95% CI = 8% to 26%), and higher risk of recurrence scores (RFD = +22%, 95% CI = 16.1% to 28%), with similar results in TCGA. The AR-low subgroup was strongly associated with HRD in CBCS (RFD = +33.3%, 95% CI = 23.8% to 43.2%) and TCGA (RFD = +41.5%, 95% CI = 34.0% to 48.6%). In CBCS, AR-low tumors had high adaptive immune marker expression.
Conclusion: Multigene, RNA-based low AR expression is associated with aggressive disease characteristics as well as DNA repair defects and immune phenotypes, suggesting plausible precision therapies for AR-low, ER-negative patients.
Spatiotemporal analysis of periodontitis—the unique role of the IL-33/ST2 axis
Authors: Liu Anhao , Hayashi Mikihito , Ohsugi Yujin , Katagiri Sayaka , Akira Shizuo , Iwata Takanori , Nakashima Tomoki
Published: March 2023

Periodontitis, which is induced by repeated bacterial invasion and the ensuing immune reactions that follow, is the leading cause of tooth loss. However, studies on immune responses are usually based on gingival tissue, although periodontal tissue is actually comprised of four different components. Here, we have developed a novel model to analyze the pathogenesis of periodontitis with different periodontal tissue components. We have found that the inflammatory response in the peri-root tissues and the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) by Thy-1.2– fibroblasts/stromal cells were prominent during the course of bone destruction. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the initiation phase confirmed these findings while revealing a high level of expression of ST2 (also known as IL33R and encoded by Il1rl1) in the peri-root tissue. Il1rl1 and Il33 deficient mice exhibited exacerbated bone loss in the acute phase of periodontitis, demonstrating the protective role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in acute inflammation. Thus, the findings obtained with this novel model show the crucial role of the peri-root tissue and advance our understanding of the etiology of periodontitis.
Surgical management of transcervical gunshot injury presented with CSF leak and progressive left upper extremity paresis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Roohollahi Faramarz , Rabiee Shervin , Jangholi Ehsan , Shafizadeh Milad , Rostami Mohsen , Jouibari Morteza Faghih
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Penetrating neck trauma (PNT) due to gunshot injuries is one of the challenging conditions with the potential for both major morbidities and mortality.
Research Question: There are major concerns in approach to patients with spinal gunshot injury. Surgery indications, methods of surgery and management of CSF leak are main concerns in these patients.
Methods and Materials: An 11-years-old boy was referred to our center with a single gunshot wound to the left side of the posterior cervical region since two days ago with cerebrospinal fluid leakage and left arm weakness.
Results: The patient underwent surgery, and the pellet was removed. His left arm weakness fully recovered after the operation. No new symptoms developed during 1 year follow up.
Conclusion: Timely surgery could dramatically improve outcomes in PNT patients with mild symptoms and prevent worsening neurological defects.
Effect of Low-pressure Pneumoperitoneum on Pain and Inflammation in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rashdan Mohammad , Daradkeh Salam , Al-Ghazawi Mutasim , Abuhmeidan Jareer Heider , Mahafthah Azmi , Odeh Ghada , Al-Qaisi Mohammad , Salameh Ikram , Halaseh Shahed , Al-Saba Lana , Ahmad Yousef B. , Al-Ghazawi Tuqa , Al-Said Mahmoud , Sha’bin Shereen , Mansour Hanan
Published: March 2023

Objective
We aim to assess the effect of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum on post operative pain and ten of the known inflammatory markers.
Background
The standard of care pneumoperitoneum set pressure in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is set to 12–14 mmHg, but many societies advocate to operate at the lowest pressure allowing adequate exposure of the operative field. Many trials have described the benefits of operating at a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum in terms of lower post operative pain, and better hemodynamic stability. But only few describe the effects on inflammatory markers and cytokines.
Methods
A prospective, double-blinded, randomised, controlled clinical trial, including patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients randomised into low-pressure (8–10 mmHg) vs. standard-pressure (12–14 mmHg) with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Perioperative variables were collected and analysed. Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05530564/ September 7th, 2022).
Results
one hundred patients were allocated, 50 patients in each study arm. Low-pressure patients reported lower median pain score 6-hour post operatively (5 vs 6, p-value = 0.021) in comparison with standard-pressure group. Eight out of 10 inflammatory markers demonstrated better results in low-pressure group in comparison with standard-pressure, but the effect was not statistically significant. Total operative time and surgery difficulty was not significantly different between the two groups even in the hands of inexperienced surgeons.
Conclusion
low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less post operative pain and lower rise of inflammatory markers. It is feasible with comparable complications to the standard of care.
Easy preparation of wood-base membrane with fouling resistance in complex environments for efficient oil-water emulsion separation
Authors: Zhang Xichun , Teng Chao , Zhai Rui , Jiang Lulu , Wang Jie , Zhou Jiale , Wang Rongfang , Wang Hui , Wang Xuyun , Ma Xiaoyan
Published: March 2023

Oily wastewater poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, and there is a great deal of concern about how to treat it effectively. Although there has been considerable development in recent years in the treatment of oil-water emulsions using separation membranes with special wettability, they still suffer from real problems such as complex preparation processes, material contamination, so developing an economical and environmentally friendly, high-performance membrane is a significant challenge. In this work, a wood-based membrane was easily prepared by a simple dipping process using aramid nanofiber (ANF) to modify the surface of wood. The wet ANF/wood membrane reveals higher tensile strength (1.69±0.32 MPa) than synthetic hydrogel membranes. More importantly, the membrane presents the underwater superoleophobic properties and fouling resistance under complex environmental conditions (acid, alkali, seawater, and high temperature), and effectively separate various oil-water emulsions with high separation efficiency (>99.3%) and flux (>227 L m-2 h-1). More excitingly, the membrane remains the original separation properties after 13 cycles of oil-water emulsion separation, Therefore, the inexpensive, environmentally friendly and easily prepared ANF/wood membrane is well tolerated under extreme conditions, presents excellent separation performances and provides a material basis for the treatment of actual oily wastewater.
Evidence of Autoinflammation as the Principal Mechanism of Myocardial Injury in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-Positive Autopsy Hearts
Authors: Hammond Margo Elizabeth , Christensen Erik D , Belenky Michael , Snow Gregory L , Shah Kevin , Hammond M. Elizabeth H
Published: March 2023

Background
Disease from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the third leading cause of death in the United States, after cancer and heart disease. Many patients infected with this virus develop cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarctions, stroke, arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Specifically, patients with SARS-CoV-2 have a high prevalence of severe myocardial injury (20–28%). The purpose of this study is to understand the primary mechanism of myocyte injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
We investigated a consecutive cohort of 84 medical examiner cases who died with PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 (COVpos) infection prior to availability of therapy or vaccines. We compared them to a consecutive cohort of 42 age- and sex-matched controls who were PCR-negative for SARS-CoV-2 (COVneg). Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections of left and right ventricle were examined on each case using antibodies directed against CD42 (platelets), CD15 (myeloid cells), CD68 (monocytes), C4d, Fibrin, CD34 (stem cell antigen), CD56 (natural killer cells), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (neutrophils and NETs). Slides were scanned using an Aperio slide scanner and viewer and each digital slide was entirely examined at 5x,10x and 20x. Each slide was graded using a 0–3 scale where 3 indicates the marker was present in every field at 20x. We used a Welch 2-sample T-test to determine significance.
Results
We found a significant difference between COVpos and COVneg samples for all markers, all of which were significant at p < 0.001. The most prominent features were neutrophils (CD15, MPO) and MPO positive debris suggestive of NETS and were located in or around arterioles, venules, and capillaries. A similar distribution of platelets, monocytes, and C4d was seen in COVpos cases. Fibrin was found scattered in arterioles, venules, interstitial regions, and within ventricular cavities. CD34 highlighted vascular alterations of endothelial cells in some but not all cases.
Conclusion
Autoinflammation is the primary mechanism of myocyte injury observed in COVpos hearts. The significant increase in platelets, monocytes, and neutrophils and the presence of neutrophil NETs, C4d, and fibrin suggest that myocardial injury involves neutrophils, NETosis, coagulation, complement activation, and monocyte accumulation.
Utility of near infrared fluorescent cholangiography in detecting biliary structures during challenging minimally invasive cholecystectomy.
Authors: Piccolo Gaetano , Barabino Matteo , Lecchi Francesca , Formisano Giampaolo , Salaj Adelona , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolo , Bianchi Paolo Pietro
Published: March 2023

Background
Surgeons can minimize the risk of bile duct injury (BDI) during challenging mini-invasive cholecystectomy through technical standardization by means of a precise anatomical landmark identification (Critical View of Safety) and advanced technology for biliary visualization. Among these systems, the adoption of magnified stereoscopic 3-dimensional view provided by robotic platforms and near infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIRF-C) are the most promising.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study we evaluated all consecutive minimally invasive cholecystectomies (laparoscopic and robotic) performed with NIRF-C between May 2022 and January 2023 at General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital (Milan, Italy). Inclusions criteria were: 1) acute cholecystitis (emergency group), 2) history of chronic cholecystitis or complicated cholelithiasis (deferred urgent group), 3) difficult cases (patients affected by cirrhosis, with scleroatrophic gallbladder or BMI > 35 kg/m2). For each group, the detection rate and visualization order of the main biliary structures were reported (cystic duct, CD; common hepatic duct, CHD; common bile duct, CBD; and CD-CHD junction).
Results
A total of 101 consecutive patients were enrolled, including 83 laparoscopic and 18 robotic cholecystectomies. All patients were stratified into three subgroups: a) emergency group (n = 33, 32.7%), b) deferred urgent group (n = 46, 45.5%), c) difficult group (n = 22, 21.8%). Visualization of at least one biliary structure was possible in 94.1% of cases (95/101). Interestingly, all four main structures were detected in 43.6% of cases (44/101). The CD was the structure identified most frequently, being recognized in 91/101 patients (90.1%), followed by CBD (83.2%), CHD (62.4%), and CD-CHD junction (52.5%). In the subset of patients that underwent emergency surgery for AC, the CD-CHD confluence was identified in only 45.5% of cases. However, early and precise identification of CBD (75.8%) and CD (87.9%) allowed safe isolation, clipping and transection of the cystic duct. In the deferred urgent group, the CBD and the CD were easily identified as first structure in a high percentage of cases (65.2% and 41.3% respectively), whereas the CD-CHD junction was the third structure to be identified in 67.4% of cases, the highest value among the three subgroups. In the difficult group, NIRF-C did not prove to be a useful tool for biliary visualization. The rates of failure of visualization were elevated: CBD (27.3%), CD (18.2%), CHD (54.5%) and CD-CHD (68.2%).
Conclusions
NIRF-C is a powerful real-time diagnostic tool to detect CBD and CD during minimally invasive cholecystectomy, especially when inflammation due to acute or chronic cholecystitis subverted the anatomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament.
Darboux transformation, soliton solutions of a generalized variable coefficients Hirota equation
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Shuli , Han Wenjing , Zhu Mengkun , Wang Xiaoli
Published: March 2023

It is known that the varible coefficients Hirota equations have been widely studied in the propagating pulses amplificat or absorpt and the yield of supercontinuum in inhomogeneous optical fibers. In this paper, a new generalized case is considered, i.e.
iut + α(t)uxx + iβ(t)uxxx + 3iβ(t)γ|u|2ux + α(t)γ|u|2u + δ(t)u = 0 ,
where i = √ −1 indicates the imaginary unit and u is a complex function with the variables (t, x). In particular, for α, β, γ are all constants, δ = 0, the classical Hirota equation will be recovered. Firstly, we constructed the classical and generalized Darboux transformations of the equation, respectively. Next, multisoliton solutions are obtained based on classical Darboux transformation, as well as, rogue wave solutions are found by generalized Darboux transformation. Finally, we discussed the evolutions of solitons.
Worldwide productivity and research trend of publications concerning tumor immune microenvironment (TIME): a bibliometric study
Authors: Liu Yao-ge , Jiang Shi-Tao , Zhang Lei , Zheng Han , Zhang Ting , Zhang Jun-Wei , Zhao Hai-Tao , Sang Xin-Ting , Xu Yi-Yao , Lu Xin
Published: March 2023

Background: As the complexity and diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are becoming better understood, burgeoning researches got progress in this field. This study sought to investigate the development pattern of TIME-related research in recent years from a bibliometric perspective.
Methods: We acquired both articles and reviews related to TIME from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (retrieved on September 14, 2022). R package “Bibliometrix” was used to calculate the basic bibliometric features, present the collaborative conditions of countries and authors and generate a three-field plot to show the relationships among authors, affiliations, and keywords. VOSviewer was utilized for co-authorship analysis of country and institution and keyword co-occurrence analysis. CiteSpace was used for citation burst analysis of keywords and cited references.
Results: A total of 2545 publications on TIME were included. China, the USA, and Japan had the highest number of publications. Frontiers in Oncology had the highest number of publications. Apart from “expression,” “cancer,” and “cells,” the terms “survival,” “immunotherapy,” and “T-cells” were coequally the most frequently mentioned keywords.
Conclusions: This bibliometric study analyzed 16 years of TIME-related research and sketched out a basic knowledge framework that includes publications, countries, journals, authors, institutions, and keywords. The results provided a thorough overview on the broad landscape of this research area.