bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel aerosol extinction coefficients and lidar ratios over the ocean from CALIPSO–CloudSat: evaluation and global statistics
Authors: Painemal David , Clayton Marian , Ferrare Richard , Burton Sharon , Josset Damien , Vaughan Mark
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Aerosol extinction coefficients (σa) and lidar ratios
(LRs) are retrieved over the ocean from CALIPSO's Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with
Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) attenuated backscatter profiles by solving
the lidar equation constrained with aerosol optical depths (AODs) derived by
applying the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm to ocean
surface returns measured by CALIOP and CloudSat's Cloud Profiling Radar.
σa and LR are retrieved for two independent scenarios that
require somewhat different assumptions: (a) a single homogeneous atmospheric
layer (1L) for which the LR is constant with height and (b) a vertically
homogeneous layer with a constant LR overlying a marine boundary layer with
a homogenous LR fixed at 25 sr (two-layer method, 2L). These new retrievals
differ from the standard CALIPSO version 4.1 (V4) product, as the
CALIOP–SODA method does not rely on an aerosol classification scheme to
select LR. CALIOP–SODA σa and LR are evaluated using airborne
high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) observations over the northwest
Atlantic. CALIOP–SODA LR (1L and 2L) positively correlates with its HSRL
counterpart (linear correlation coefficient r>0.67), with a
negative bias smaller than 17.4 % and a good agreement for σa
(r≥0.78) with a small negative bias (≤|-9.2%|).
Furthermore, a global comparison of optical depths derived by CALIOP–SODA
and CALIPSO V4 reveals substantial discrepancies over regions dominated by
dust and smoke (0.24), whereas Aqua's Moderate resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and SODA AOD regional differences are within 0.06. Global maps of CALIOP–SODA LR feature high values over littoral zones,
consistent with expectations of continental aerosol transport offshore. In
addition, seasonal transitions associated with biomass burning from June
to October over the southeast Atlantic are well reproduced by CALIOP–SODA
LR.
Lee waves detection over the Mediterranean Sea using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) dataset
Authors: Papandrea Enzo , Casadio Stefano , Castelli Elisa , Dinelli Bianca Maria , Miglietta Mario Marcello
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves generated downstream by the orography in a stratified airflow are known as lee waves. In the present study, such mesoscale patterns have been detected, over water and in clear sky conditions, using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapour (TCWV) dataset, which contains about 20-year day-night products, obtained from the thermal infra-red measurements of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) instrument series. The good accuracy of such data, along 5 with the native 1 × 1 km2 spatial resolution, allows the investigation of small scale features as the lee waves. In this work, we focused on the Mediterranean region, the largest semi-enclosed basin on the Earth. The peculiarities of this area, which is characterized by complex orography and rough coastlines, lead indeed to a possible development of these structures both over land and over sea. We developed an automatic tool for the rapid detection of areas with high probability of lee waves occurrence, exploiting the TCWV variability in spatial regions 0.15° × 0.15° wide. Through this analysis, several occurrences of structures connected with lee waves have been observed. The waves are detected in spring, fall and summer seasons, with TCWV values usually falling in the range from 15 to 35 kg m−2. In this article we describe some cases over the Central (Italy) and the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Greece, Turkey, Cyprus). We compared a case of perturbed AIRWAVE TCWV fields due to lee waves occurred over the Tyrrhenian Sea on 18 July 1997 with the sea surface winds from the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which sounded the same geographical area, finding a good agreement. Another case has been investigated in detail: on 2 August 2002 the Aegean sea region was almost simultaneously sounded by both ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The AIRWAVE TCWV fields derived from the two sensors were successfully compared with the vertically integrated water vapour content simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model for the same time period, confirming our findings. Wave parameters such as amplitude, wavelength and phase, are described through the use of the Morlet ContinuousWavelet Transformation (CWT). The performed analysis derived typical wavelengths from 6 to 8 km and amplitude that may extend up to 20 kg m−2.
Multistatic meteor radar observations of gravity wave-tidal
interaction over Southern Australia
Authors: Spargo Andrew J. , Reid Iain M. , MacKinnon Andrew D.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This paper assesses the ability of a recently-installed 55 MHz multistatic meteor radar to measure gravity wave-driven momentum fluxes around the mesopause, and applies it in a case study of measuring gravity wave forcing on the diurnal tide during a period following the autumnal equinox of 2018. The radar considered is in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia (34.9° S, 138.6° E) and consists of a monostatic radar and bistatic receiver separated by approximately 55 km. The assessment shows that the inclusion of the bistatic receiver reduces the relative uncertainty of the momentum flux estimate from about 75 % to 65 % (for a flux magnitude of ~ 20 m2 s−2, one day's worth of integration, and for a gravity wave field synthesized from a realistic spectral model). This increase in precision appears to be entirely attributable to the increased number of meteor detections associated with the combined monostatic and bistatic receivers, rather than changes in the meteors' spatial distribution. The case study reveals large modulations in the diurnal tidal amplitudes, with a maximum tidal amplitude of ~ 50 ms−1 and an associated maximum zonal wind velocity of around 140 ms−1. While the observed gravity wave forcing exhibits a complex relationship with the tidal winds during this period, the components of the forcing are seen to be approximately out of phase with the tidal winds above 88 km. No clear phase relationship has been observed below 88 km.
Future climate emulations using quantile regressions on large ensembles
Authors: Haugen Matz A. , Stein Michael L. , Sriver Ryan L. , Moyer Elisabeth J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The study of climate change and its impacts depends on
generating projections of future temperature and other climate variables. For
detailed studies, these projections usually require some combination of
numerical simulation and observations, given that simulations of even the current
climate do not perfectly reproduce local conditions. We present a methodology
for generating future climate projections that takes advantage of the
emergence of climate model ensembles, whose large amounts of data allow for
detailed modeling of the probability distribution of temperature or other
climate variables. The procedure gives us estimated changes in model
distributions that are then applied to observations to yield projections that
preserve the spatiotemporal dependence in the observations. We use quantile
regression to estimate a discrete set of quantiles of daily temperature as a
function of seasonality and long-term change, with smooth spline functions of
season, long-term trends, and their interactions used as basis functions for
the quantile regression. A particular innovation is that more extreme
quantiles are modeled as exceedances above less extreme quantiles in a nested
fashion, so that the complexity of the model for exceedances decreases the
further out into the tail of the distribution one goes. We apply this method
to two large ensembles of model runs using the same forcing scenario, both
based on versions of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), run at
different resolutions. The approach generates observation-based future
simulations with no processing or modeling of the observed climate needed
other than a simple linear rescaling. The resulting quantile maps illuminate
substantial differences between the climate model ensembles, including
differences in warming in the Pacific Northwest that are particularly large
in the lower quantiles during winter. We show how the availability of two
ensembles allows the efficacy of the method to be tested with a “perfect model”
approach, in which we estimate transformations using the lower-resolution
ensemble and then apply the estimated transformations to single runs from the
high-resolution ensemble. Finally, we describe and implement a simple method
for adjusting a transformation estimated from a large ensemble of one climate
model using only a single run of a second, but hopefully more realistic,
climate model.
Stable isotope signatures of Holocene syngenetic permafrost trace seabird presence in the Thule District (NW Greenland)
Authors: Wetterich Sebastian , Davidson Thomas A. , Bobrov Anatoly , Opel Thomas , Windirsch Torben , Johansen Kasper L. , González-Bergonzoni Ivan , Mosbech Anders , Jeppesen Erik
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Holocene permafrost from ice wedge polygons in the vicinity of large seabird breeding colonies in the Thule District, NW Greenland, was drilled to explore the relation between permafrost aggradation and seabird presence. The latter is reliant on the presence of the North Water (NOW) polynya in the northern Baffin Bay. The onset of peat accumulation associated with the arrival of little auks (Alle alle) in a breeding colony at Annikitisoq north of Cape York is radiocarbon-dated to 4400 cal yr BP. A thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) colony on Appat (Saunders Ø) in the mouth of the Wolstenholme Fjord started 5650 cal yr BP. Both species provide marine-derived nutrients (MDNs) that fertilise vegetation and promote peat growth. The geochemical signature of organic matter left by the birds is traceable in the frozen Holocene peat. The peat accumulation rates at both sites are highest after the onset and decrease over time and were about two-times faster at the little auk site than at the thick-billed murre site. High accumulation rates induce shorter periods of organic matter (OM) decomposition before it enters the perennially frozen state. This is seen in comparably high C / N and less depleted δ13C, pointing to a lower degree of OM decomposition at the little auk site, while the opposite pattern can be discerned at the thick-billed murre site. Peat accumulation rates correspond to δ15N trends, where decreasing accumulation led to increasing depletion in δ15N as seen in the little-auk related data. In contrast, the more decomposed OM of the thick-billed murre site shows almost stable δ15N. Late Holocene wedge ice fed by cold season precipitation was studied at the little auk site and provides the first such stable-water isotopic records from Greenland with mean δ18O of −18.0 ± 0.8 ‰, mean δD of −136.2 ± 5.7 ‰, mean d excess of 7.7 ± 0.7 ‰, and a δ18O-δD slope of 7.27, which is close to those of the modern Thule Meteoric Water Line. The syngenetic ice wedge polygon development is mirrored in testacean records of the little auk site and delineates polygon low-centre, dry-out and polygon-high-centre stages. The syngenetic permafrost formation directly depending on peat growth (controlled by bird activity) falls within the period of Neoglacial cooling and the establishment of the NOW polynya, thus indirectly follows the Holocene climate trends.
A modified seasonal cycle during MIS31 super-interglacial favors stronger interannual ENSO and monsoon variability
Authors: Justino Flavio , Kucharski Fred , Lindemann Douglas , Wilson Aaron , Stordal Frode
Published: April 2019

Abstract. It has long been recognized that the amplitude of the seasonal cycle can
substantially modify climate features in distinct timescales. This study
evaluates the impact of the enhanced seasonality characteristic of the Marine
Isotope Stage 31 (MIS31) on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Based
upon coupled climate simulations driven by present-day
(CTR) and MIS31 boundary
conditions, we demonstrate that the CTR simulation shows a significant
concentration of power in the 3–7-year band and on the multidecadal
timescale between 15 and 30 years. However, the MIS31 simulation shows
drastically modified temporal variability of the ENSO, with stronger power
spectrum at interannual timescales but the absence of decadal periodicity.
Increased meridional gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind
stress in the Northern Hemisphere subtropics are revealed to be the primary
candidates responsible for changes in the equatorial variability. The oceanic
response to the MIS31 ENSO extends to the extratropics, and fits nicely with
SST anomalies delivered by paleoreconstructions. The implementation of the
MIS31 conditions results in a distinct global monsoon system and its link to
the ENSO in respect to current conditions. In particular, the Indian monsoon
intensified but no correlation with ENSO is found in the MIS31 climate,
diverging from conditions delivered by our current climate in which this
monsoon is significantly correlated with the NIÑO34 index. This indicates
that monsoonal precipitation for this interglacial is more closely connected
to hemispherical features than to the tropical–extratropical climate
interaction.
A 2700-year annual timescale and accumulation history for an ice core from Roosevelt Island, West Antarctica
Authors: Winstrup Mai , Vallelonga Paul , Kjær Helle A. , Fudge Tyler J. , Lee James E. , Riis Marie H. , Edwards Ross , Bertler Nancy A. N. , Blunier Thomas , Brook Ed J. , Buizert Christo , Ciobanu Gabriela , Conway Howard , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Ellis Aja , Emanuelsson B. Daniel , Hindmarsh Richard C. A. , Keller Elizabeth D. , Kurbatov Andrei V. , Mayewski Paul A. , Neff Peter D. , Pyne Rebecca L. , Simonsen Marius F. , Svensson Anders , Tuohy Andrea , Waddington Edwin D. , Wheatley Sarah
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We present a 2700-year annually resolved chronology and snow accumulation
history for the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core, Ross Ice
Shelf, West Antarctica. The core adds information on past accumulation
changes in an otherwise poorly constrained sector of Antarctica. The timescale was constructed by identifying annual cycles in
high-resolution impurity records, and it constitutes the top part of the
Roosevelt Island Ice Core Chronology 2017 (RICE17). Validation by volcanic
and methane matching to the WD2014 chronology from the WAIS Divide ice core
shows that the two timescales are in excellent agreement. In a companion
paper, gas matching to WAIS Divide is used to extend the timescale for the
deeper part of the core in which annual layers cannot be identified. Based on the annually resolved timescale, we produced a record of past snow
accumulation at Roosevelt Island. The accumulation history shows that
Roosevelt Island experienced slightly increasing accumulation rates between
700 BCE and 1300 CE, with an average accumulation of 0.25±0.02 m
water equivalent (w.e.) per year. Since 1300 CE, trends in the accumulation
rate have been consistently negative, with an acceleration in the rate of
decline after the mid-17th century. The current accumulation rate at
Roosevelt Island is 0.210±0.002 m w.e. yr−1 (average since 1965 CE, ±2σ), and it is rapidly declining with a trend corresponding to
0.8 mm yr−2. The decline observed since the mid-1960s is 8 times faster
than the long-term decreasing trend taking place over the previous
centuries, with decadal mean accumulation rates consistently being below
average. Previous research has shown a strong link between Roosevelt Island
accumulation rates and the location and intensity of the Amundsen Sea Low,
which has a significant impact on regional sea-ice extent. The decrease in
accumulation rates at Roosevelt Island may therefore be explained in terms
of a recent strengthening of the ASL and the expansion of sea ice in the eastern
Ross Sea. The start of the rapid decrease in RICE accumulation rates
observed in 1965 CE may thus mark the onset of significant increases in
regional sea-ice extent.
Hydrometeorological data from Marmot Creek Research Basin, Canadian Rockies
Authors: Fang Xing , Pomeroy John W. , DeBeer Chris M. , Harder Phillip , Siemens Evan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Meteorological, snow survey, streamflow, and groundwater data are presented
from Marmot Creek Research Basin, Alberta, Canada. The basin is a
9.4 km2, alpine–montane forest headwater catchment of the Saskatchewan
River basin that provides vital water supplies to the Prairie Provinces of
Canada. It was heavily instrumented, experimented upon, and operated by
several federal government agencies between 1962 and 1986, during which time
its main and sub-basin streams were gauged, automated meteorological stations
at multiple elevations were installed, groundwater observation wells were dug
and automated, and frequent manual measurements of snow accumulation and
ablation and other weather and water variables were made. Over this period,
mature evergreen forests were harvested in two sub-basins, leaving large
clear cuts in one basin and a “honeycomb” of small forest clearings in
another basin. Whilst meteorological measurements and sub-basin streamflow
discharge weirs in the basin were removed in the late 1980s, the federal
government maintained the outlet streamflow discharge measurements and a
nearby high-elevation meteorological station, and the Alberta provincial
government maintained observation wells and a nearby fire weather station.
Marmot Creek Research Basin was intensively re-instrumented with 12 automated
meteorological stations, four sub-basin hydrometric sites, and seven snow
survey transects starting in 2004 by the University of Saskatchewan Centre
for Hydrology. The observations provide detailed information on meteorology,
precipitation, soil moisture, snowpack, streamflow, and groundwater during
the historical period from 1962 to 1987 and the modern period from 2005 to
the present time. These data are ideal for monitoring climate change,
developing hydrological process understanding, evaluating process algorithms
and hydrological, cryospheric, or atmospheric models, and examining the
response of basin hydrological cycling to changes in climate, extreme
weather, and land cover through hydrological modelling and statistical
analyses. The data presented are publicly available from Federated Research
Data Repository (https://doi.org/10.20383/101.09, Fang et al., 2018).
River ice and water velocities using the Planet optical cubesat
constellation
Authors: Kääb Andreas , Altena Bas , Mascaro Joseph
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The PlanetScope constellation consists of ~ 150 optical cubesats that are evenly distributed like strings of pearls in two orbital planes and scan the Earth's land surface once per day with ~ 3 m spatial image resolution. Subsequent cubesats in each of the orbital planes image the Earth surface with a nominal time lapse of ~ 90 s between each other, which produces near-simultaneous pairs of scenes over the across-track overlaps of the cubesat swaths. We exploit this short time lapse between subsequent Planet cubesat images to track river ice floes on Northern rivers as indicators of water surface velocities. The method is demonstrated for a 60 km long reach of the Amur River in Siberia, and a 200 km long reach of the Yukon River, Alaska. The accuracy of the estimated horizontal surface velocities is on the order of ±0.01 m s−1. The application of our approach is complicated by cloud cover and low sun angles at high latitudes during the periods where rivers typically carry ice floes, and by the fact that the near-simultaneous swath overlaps by design do not cover the complete Earth surface. Still, the approach enables direct remote sensing of river surface velocities over many cold-region rivers and several times per year – much more frequent and over much larger areas than feasible so far, if at all. We find that freeze-up conditions seem in general to offer ice floes that are more suitable for tracking, and over longer time periods, compared to typical ice break-up conditions. The coverage of river velocities obtained could be particularly useful in combination with satellite measurements of river area, and river surface height and slope.
Digitizing scanning lidar measurement campaign planning
Authors: Vasiljević Nikola , Vignaroli Andrea , Bechmann Andreas , Wagner Rozenn
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Multiple wind measurements is a way to reduce the uncertainty of wind farm energy yield assessments by reducing the extrapolation distance between measurements and wind turbines locations. A WindScanner system consisting of two synchronized scanning lidar potentially represents a cost-effective solution for multi-point measurements, especially in complex terrain. However, the system limitations and limitations imposed by the wind farm site are detrimental to the installation of scanning lidars and the number and location of the measurement positions. To simplify the process of finding suitable measurement positions and associated installation locations for the WindScanner system we have devised a campaign planning workflow. The workflow consists of four phases. In the first phase, based on a preliminary wind farm layout, we generate optimum measurement positions using a greedy algorithm and a measurement 'representative radius'. In the second phase, we create several Geographical Information System (GIS) layers of information such as exclusion zones, line-of-sight (LOS) blockage, and lidar range maps. These GIS layers are then used in the third phase to find optimum positions of the WindScanners with respect to the measurement positions considering the WindScanner measurement uncertainty. In the fourth phase, we optimize and generate trajectory through the measurement positions by applying the traveling salesman problem (TSP) on these positions. The above-described workflow has been digitized into the so-called Campaign Planning Tool (CPT) currently provided as a Python library which allows users an effective way to plan measurement campaigns with WindScanner systems. In this study, the CPT has been tested on three different sites characterized by different terrain complexity and wind farm dimensions and layouts. The CPT has shown instantly whether the whole site can be covered by one system or not.
Getting the Right Mix of Students: Finding a Balance between In- and Out-of-State Students
Authors: Miller Michael T. , Fincher Samuel M. E.
Published: April 2019

Public higher education institutions in the United States were founded on the principle of providing low-cost postsecondary educational opportunities to the state’s citizenry. For a variety of reasons, including stagnant and declining funding from many state legislatures, these public institutions have actively sought the enrollment of citizens of other states, sometimes offering deep tuition discounts, and at other times relying on higher out-of-state tuition fees to help balance budgets. The motivations for these behaviors can be viewed differently based on who is looking at the institution, but there are also consequences to these behaviors. The current study was designed to explore the trends and outcomes of this out-of-state student enrollment. Study findings revealed that a number of public institutions have held consistent their out-of-state enrollment percentages over the past decade, but that there are three times as many institutions who have increased out-of-state student enrollment, and that some of these increases have been dramatic. Despite growing out-of-state student enrollment, institutions were found to have no better academic qualifications of their entering classes, and institutions that decreased their out-of-state student enrollment were actually found to have increased the diversity of their enrollment. The findings suggest a strong need for institutions and state policy makers to collaborate in defining what is expected from the contemporary academy and the best way for institutions to be efficient and effective in meeting this defined goal.
Πίστις and Πιστεύω in Romans 4:5: Neglected Evidence for “Faith in Christ,” and a Re-detheologizing of the Πίστις Χριστοῦ Debate
Authors: Jensen Aaron Michael
Published: April 2019

This article resolves the Πίστις Χριστοῦ debate in favor of the “faith in Christ” interpretation, first by drawing from Rom 4:5 the necessary evidence to link πιστεύω with Paul’s use of πίστις in the πίστις Χριστοῦ phrases and second by demonstrating that πίστις is polysemous with respect to its meanings “faith” and “faithfulness.”
Ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου in 1 Timothy 6:13 and Ante-Nicene Christian Literature
Authors: Judd Frank F.
Published: April 2019

This study examines the use of the Greek phrase ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου in 1 Tim 6:13 and ante-Nicene Christian literature. Although many scholars understand ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου in 1 Tim 6:13 in a temporal sense (“in the time of Pontius Pilate”)—as it is typically understood in subsequent Christian literature and the creeds—or in a simple locative sense (“in the presence of Pontius Pilate”), this study argues through a detailed grammatical analysis that the occurrence of ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου in 1 Tim 6:13 should more accurately be understood in a legal/declarative sense (“before Pontius Pilate”).
CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERIA EN PRE-ECLAMPSIA LEVE EN EL HOSPITAL MARIO CATARINO RIVAS, I SEMESTRE, 2018
Authors: Mejía Norma Leticia , Miranda Baquedano Vilma Mercedes
Published: April 2019

La hipertensión arterial es un problema de salud en el mundo actual por su alta prevalencia, trascendencia e impacto en la salud, calidad de vida del ser humano, ante este evento, la mujer gestante, parturienta, puérpera y su hijo, constituyen sujetos de alta vulnerabilidad. En Honduras, las principales causas de mortalidad materna son: hemorragia (45%), trastornos hipertensivos (18%) e infecciones (12%). Este caso clínico presenta el proceso de atención de enfer- mería que se llevó a cabo sustentado en los principios que establece la teoría de Doro- thea Orem y Virginia Henderson, en donde la enfermera ayudó a la embarazada con pre eclampsia y le enseñó a cuidarse por si misma durante la estadía en el hospital. Participó una gestante de 29 años, con 33.1 semanas de gestación (SG) hospitalizada en la sala materno-fetal del Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas (HMCR) con diagnóstico de pre-eclampsia leve quien colaboró con la información necesaria para realizar las inter- venciones precisas. Dentro de los resultados más significativos se encontró que la mujer sufrió condiciones hipertensivas durante la gestación y experimentó episodios de depresión que la llevaron a mantenerse en estado de ansiedad, pues su preocupa- ción era más por la salud de su hijo y realizó todo lo que estuvo a su alcance para lograr un embarazo a término. La atención de enfermería fué fundamental para la recuperación, mantenimiento de la salud de las pacientes pues es el profesional que ejerció el rol de cuidador en las diferentes etapas de la atención.
QUISTE DENTÍGERO EN DENTICIÓN DECIDUA. REPORTE DE UN CASO
Authors: Cruz Madrid. Tania Melissa
Published: April 2019

El quiste dentígero (QD) o folicular es el segundo tipo más común de quiste odontogénico. La histogénesis sugerida de su origen es la acumulación de líquido entre el epitelio reducido del órgano del esmalte y la corona subyacente. Son siempre radiolúcidos y más comúnmente uniloculares, aunque las grandes lesiones pueden presentar un patrón multilocular. El objetivo de presentar este caso clínico es conocer las características clínicas y el manejo de un paciente con diagnóstico de quiste dentígero. Paciente femenino de 11 años de edad, originaria de la ciudad de El Progreso, Yoro que acude al Hospital Hondupalma, motivo de consulta de aumento de volumen en el maxilar inferior del lado izquierdo, el exámen clínico mostró expansión cortical de la tabla vestibular a nivel del primer molar deciduo inferior izquierdo, con presencia de dolor a la percusión y fiebre, con evolución de la lesión de 3 meses; el exámen radiográfico revela imagen radiolúcida rodeando parcial- mente la corona del segundo molar inferior izquierdo deciduo (7.5 nomenclatura según FDI). Se realizó extirpación quirúrgica, enviándose a estudio histopatológico, resultando como diagnóstico definitivo: quiste dentígero. El post-operatorio cursó sin com plicaciones infecciosas ni hemorragias; a los 7 días se retiraron los puntos de sutura y se tomó radiografía post-quirúrgica sin presencia de anomalías.
CONGESTIÓN MAMARIA EN PACIENTE RECIÉN NACIDA FEMENINA
Authors: Cantarero Jenncy Sarahi , Mejía Norma Leticia , Rivas Adalinda , Rodríguez Suany , Miranda Baquedano Vilma Mercedes
Published: April 2019

Uno de cada tres recién nacidos presentan tumefacción mamaria inducida por estímulos hormonales procedentes de la madre más evidente al tercer y cuarto día tras el nacimiento y se prolonga 2-3 semanas desapareciendo espontáneamente.
Identifying of Intrapreneurship Behaviors: Case of Country in Transition Economy
Authors: Monfared Mahmood , Khorakian Alireza , Shirazi Ali , Maharati Yaghoob
Published: April 2019

Successful companies figure out that the most important elements in the organization are the ability to use the creativity of managers and employees through the recognition of their behaviors. One of the most important strategies for developing intrapreneurship in organizations is to improve and enhance the intrapreneurial behavior of employees, but what is deduced from the review of the history of the research is that most of the studies in the field of personality of entrepreneurs pointed to their characteristics and the type of properties is fewer studies, especially in developing countries and transition economies. The research is part of a series of research that seeks to identify and explore the components of intrapreneurial behavior in the organizations of Iran as a developing country, which is one of the economies in transition. This research is qualitative research in which a thematic analysis approach has been used. The statistical population of this project is selected among 170 competent firms. The findings of the study showed that 27 components of intrapreneurial behaviors in the organization, including 10 personality-based intrapreneurial behaviors and 17 effective entrepreneurial behaviors affected by the environment.
ATTEMPT AT ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATIONS AIMED AT THE CREATION OF THE COUNTRY’S TOURISM BRAND
Authors: Marczak Mirosław
Published: April 2019

Purpose. Assessment of the effectiveness of activities undertaken as part of creating and managing the country’s tourism brand by National Tourism Organisations (NTO). Method. Empirical research concerned activities undertaken in relation to the creation and management of the country’s tourism brand by 81 NTOs that function in the area of five main world tourist regions (according to the World Tourism Organisation – UNWTO). The process of data collection and verification covers the years of 2013-2016. The used research methods include: the diagnostic survey method with the use of the questionnaire technique, direct interviews and statistical analyses. Results. Significant divergences were confirmed in the assessment concerning the effectiveness of individual activities undertaken by the NTOs examined in the area of creating and managing the country’s tourism brand. The initial hierarchy of the effectiveness of activities undertaken by the NTOs examined as part of the process of the management of the country’s tourism brand (conducted by the examined organisations) was not confirmed by the results of statistical analysis (correlations with the accepted measures of effectiveness). This is related to quasi-governmental and non-governmental organisations. Research and conclusions limitations. Empirical research solely concerned the functioning of those organisations which can be referred to as rightful NTOs, i.e. those entities which meet the basic criteria that are to be fulfilled by this type organisation (including the main task: promotion of a given country as an attractive tourist destination). Practical implications. Conclusions that follow from the study can be used by those organisations responsible for the brand management process related to a tourist reception area on different levels of administration (including local, regional and national entities). Originality. This type of analysis has not been conducted until now. Therefore, the present study offers a novel approach to the functioning of national tourism organisations by presenting the broadest ever spectrum of areas of interests related to this type organisation. Type of work. The article predominantly presents the results of empirical research.
Der Rückzug von der Börse
Authors: Krug Kirsten
Published: April 2019

According to section 39 of the Stock Exchange Act, delistings require an exit offer to protect minority shareholders. The section was enacted rather fast by the legislator in reaction to a 2013ruling of the German Federal court of Justice. Empirical event studies have shown that the announcement of a delisting does affect share prices.
Whether or not the section is in accordance with the empirical facts is critically analysed with regard to all different types of delisting. After demonstrating the need for shareholder protection and discussing several means of protection abstractly, the detailed analysis of the new section 39 leaves no question unanswered. Subsequently, the system of legal protection is critically examined in order to answer the question whether elements pursuant to the German Act on Appraisal Proceedings (SpruchG) should be implemented to improve shareholder protection.
Betriebliche Realisierung beruflicher Ausbildung behinderter Menschen
Authors: Kalina Doreen
Published: April 2019

In order for us to overcome the much maligned segregation of able-bodied people and people with disabilities in the job market and in vocational training, training that both caters to the needs of people with disabilities and is either on-the-job or hands-on is indispensable. If companies worked with disabled young people early on, they would be able to break down barriers and deconstruct stereotypes more easily. In order to achieve inclusivity in vocational training, separation has to be avoided as much as possible. Using this humanitarian premise as a starting point, this study examines a tiered system between in-company and extra-company training and, at the same time, between training in an officially recognised profession and skilled worker apprenticeships. In doing so, it focuses on the model of integrated training laid down in § 51, par. 2 of the Sozialgesetzbuch IX (Germany’s social code), which is advancing the current debate on the transformation from institutional to individual rehabilitation by placing demands on service providers.
Potencial utilitário da vegetação lenhosa em área de Caatinga no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Gomes Cristiano Cardoso
Published: April 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise da relação entre a população humana situada no Assentamento Olho d´Água do Félix, Caruaru-PE e as espécies florestais conhecidas e utilizadas, de forma a testar a hipótese de aparência ecológica. Foi realizado um inventário da vegetação arbórea através de parcelas amostrais de 400 m² nos fragmentos florestais existentes no Assentamento. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para calcular densidade, dominância, frequência e valor de importância. Compararam-se estes resultados com os dados etnobotânicos objetivando testar a hipótese de que a disponibilidade de um recurso (aparência) se relaciona com a sua importância para a população (determinada pelo valor de uso). Foram entrevistados 25 informantes-chaves que identificaram as espécies arbóreas nativas conhecidas e seus usos, estas foram apresentadas ao entrevistador através de turnê guiada. Vinte e sete espécies foram citadas e classificadas em nove categorias: alimentação humana, alimentação animal, combustível, construção, tecnologia, medicinal, veterinário, serviço ambiental e outros. As citações para usos não madeireiros da vegetação concentram o maior número de espécies, valor que foi influenciado pelas categorias alimentação animal e alimentação humana. Foi indicado o uso para as seguintes partes das plantas: entrecasca, flor, folha, fruto, látex, madeira, planta inteira, raiz e semente. O uso da madeira teve 74,8% das citações. As famílias com maior valor de uso foram Rhamnaceae e Anacardiaceae, já as famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae (9 spp.) e Euphorbiaceae (5 spp.). As espécies com maior valor de importância foram Croton blanchetianus Baill, Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. e Commiphora leptophloeos. As espécies de maior Valor de uso foram Mimosa tenuiflora Benth, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. e Croton blanchetianus Baill. As categorias combustível, construção e medicinal foram as mais abundantes. Verificou-se que as espécies com menor número de partes da planta utilizadas tiveram menor valor de uso, e as que tiveram maior número de partes tiveram maior chance de terem maior número de usos. Percebeu-se que o índice combinado (VU x VI) tem correlação positiva com a densidade relativa, frequência relativa, valor de importância e dominância relativa. Foi significativa a correlação na ordenação das espécies entre o valor de uso e frequência relativa (r = 0,3260, p < 0,01), e entre o valor de uso e a dominância relativa (r = 0,3987, p < 0,05). As espécies com menor número de partes utilizadas tiveram menor valor de uso, e as que tiveram maior número de partes tiveram maior chance de terem maior número de usos. A quantidade de usos, partes utilizadas e riqueza, demonstra o potencial utilitário da caatinga para as comunidades, e que esse conhecimento ecológico tradicional pode servir para prospecção de novos produtos e usos para produtos madeireiros e não madeireiros.
Produção de mudas de Ceiba speciosa em diferentes volumes de tubetes utilizando o biossólido como substrato
Authors: Lima Filho Pedro , Leles Paulo Sérgio dos Santos , Abreu Alan Henrique Marques de , Fonseca Aline Cássia da , Silva Eduardo Vinícius da
Published: April 2019

Um dos problemas encontrados na formação de povoamentos visando à restauração florestal é a qualidade das mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes volumes de tubetes para a produção de mudas de Ceiba speciosa, utilizando o biossólido como substrato. O experimento constou da fase de produção das mudas e da avaliação do desempenho dessas no campo. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os tubetes de 55, 110, 180 e 280 cm³. Ambas as fases do experimento foram instaladas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo a fase de viveiro composta por quatro repetições de 12 plantas, e a fase de campo composta por 20 mudas de cada tratamento, com altura e diâmetro mais próximos da média da última avaliação realizada no viveiro. Utilizando-se o biossólido como principal componente do substrato para a produção das mudas de Ceiba speciosa, e para as condições de sítio em que foi implantado o povoamento florestal, recomenda-se o uso do tubete de 110 cm3, pois neste ocorreu crescimento similar ao das plantas nos tubetes de maior volume, resultando em menor volume de substrato, menor área ocupada no viveiro e maior facilidade de transporte e manejo.
Análise da adequação florestal de pequenas propriedades rurais no sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Faria Alvaro Boson de Castro , Pertille Carla Talita , Miranda Fabiani das Dores Abati
Published: April 2019

Estudos indicam a perda ambiental com a reformulação da legislação florestal dada atualmente pela Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa (LPVN), antigo Código Florestal. Ainda são necessárias pesquisas que indiquem o efeito sobre os titulares das terras, em regiões jurisdicionadas por outras regulamentações ambientais, como para o bioma Mata Atlântica, e ainda, os reflexos da integração das leis com questões de cumprimento da função social dos imóveis. A região Sudoeste do Paraná possui estrutura fundiária caracterizada pela pequena propriedade rural, e os objetivos deste trabalho foram: verificar se existe diferença no cumprimento da função social rural da pequena propriedade, considerando a realidade inicial das propriedades, o Código Florestal de 1965, e a LPVN; estimar o custo de oportunidade economizado pelo agricultor com a adequação ambiental rural pela lei de 2012; determinar as diferenças entre áreas de preservação permanente (APP) e reservas legais (RL) nas duas legislações; estimar a área aser recuperada pelo Programa de Regularização Ambiental (PRA) nas pequenas propriedades. Foram confeccionados sete mapas de uso e ocupação do solo em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica, na qual os montantes de áreas foram analisados com estatísticas inferenciais. Os dados permitiram concluir que: a pequena propriedade rural na região cumpre a função social rural em todos os padrões; o custo de oportunidade economizado foi de 6,2% do salário mínimo por módulo fiscal; A APP a restaurar foi inferior em relação à lei antecedente; estima-se para a região sudoeste, a necessidade de recuperação de 11.762,40 hectares de matas ciliares; não existe diferença significativa entre a reserva legal preexistente entre as duas leis; existe diferença significativa entre a reserva legal a recuperar.
Avaliação da arborização viária da cidade de São Tomé, Paraná
Authors: Silva Otavio Henrique da , Locastro João Karlos , Sanches Suely da Penha , De Angelis Neto Generoso , De Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos , Caxambu Marcelo Galeazzi
Published: April 2019

Com o desenvolvimento das cidades, é cada vez maior a preocupação quanto à manutenção da qualidade de vida nestes centros urbanos, tendo a arborização urbana importância na melhoria de aspectos sanitários, sociais e estéticos. Nesse prisma, o estudo da problemática da existência de características indesejáveis às plantas e da compatibilização do espaço com os equipamentos públicos tem significativa relevância. Este trabalho tem por objetivo geral avaliar a arborização viária da cidade de São Tomé, Paraná, o qual corresponde a um centro urbano de pequeno porte. Para isto, foi conduzido o censo de todos os exemplares de porte arbóreo, ou conduzidos para isso, com altura acima de 1,0 metro presentes ao longo das vias públicas da cidade, e posterior análise das espécies encontradas quanto ao atendimento às normas técnicas em aspectos qualitativos: procedência, a existência de frutos grandes e carnosos e princípio tóxico e a presença de espinhos ou acúleos, respectivamente, e posterior quantificação e classificação quanto aos danos das raízes e copas aos equipamentos públicos. Foram verificadas 63 espécies vegetais distintas, com 3.085 indivíduos no total, com a predominância de Licania tomentosa (Chrysobalanaceae) (n = 1120). Após análise dos parâmetros indicados, sugeriu-se a substituição de 635 exemplares de 41 espécies (20,58% da ocorrência total) por espécies vegetais adequadas às normas técnicas e à legislação. Dentre as 22 espécies apropriadas ao uso na arborização de vias públicas encontradas na urbe, destacam-se Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae), Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos (Bignoniaceae) e Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae), considerando os benefícios proporcionados aos citadinos.
Comparação de modelos estatísticos para estimativa da biomassa de árvores, e estimativa do estoque de carbono acima do solo em Cerrado
Authors: Oliveira Camila Paula de , Francelino Márcio Rocha , Paula Mayara Daher de , Leles Paulo Sérgio dos Santos , Andrade Fernando Canto de
Published: April 2019

Neste trabalho foram comparados diferentes modelos estatísticos para a estimativa da biomassa individual de árvores, e estimados os estoques totais de biomassa e de carbono acima do solo, nos três compartimentos (arbóreo, herbáceo-arbustivo e serapilheira) de um cerrado sensu stricto típico no oeste da Bahia. Foi realizado o inventário florestal em 20 parcelas de 1000 m² (20 m x 50 m). Para ajuste dos modelos estatísticos foram cortadas e pesadas 90 árvores de diferentes espécies e classes diamétricas. Foram ajustados modelos para o diâmetro medido a 30 cm do solo (D30cm≥5cm) e diâmetro medido a 1,30 m do solo (DAP1,30m≥3,5 cm). A equação escolhida foi aplicada aos dados das árvores levantados no inventário florestal, e assim foram estimados os estoques por hectare e total no compartimento arbóreo. As amostragens dos compartimentos herbáceo-arbustivo e serapilheira foram realizadas por subparcelas fixas. Foram alocadas sistematicamente 20 subparcelas de 4 m² (2 m x 2 m) para amostragem do compartimento herbáceo-arbustivo e 20 subparcelas de 1 m² (1 m x 1 m) para amostragem da serapilheira. O estoque de carbono foi estimado por fator de conversão da biomassa. A equação proveniente do ajuste do modelo de Schumacher & Hall (logarítmica) (R2 = 93,53%; Sxy = 44,92%) foi a escolhida para estimar o estoque de biomassa das árvores do cerrado estudado. A biomassa total acima do solo, considerando os três compartimentos, foi estimada em 18,77 Mg ha-1, o que corresponde a um estoque total de 8,67 Mg ha-1 de carbono. O compartimento arbóreo foi responsável pela maior parte dos estoques (58%), seguido da serapilheira (26%) e herbáceo-arbustivo (16%).
Ambientes para a produção de mudas e nodulação por rizóbios em Tachigali vulgaris
Authors: Souza Juciane Casaes de , Pedrozo Cássia Ângela , Silva Krisle da , Oliveira Vanúbia Ximendes Aragão , Alencar Andressa Maria da Silva
Published: April 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivos determinar a melhor condição de sombreamento e o tipo de substrato para a produção de mudas e estabelecimento da simbiose espontânea por rizóbios em taxi-branco (Tachigali vulgaris). O experimento foi instalado no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema de parcela subdividida, no qual a parcela consistiu de dois níveis de sombreamento (50% e 75%) e a subparcela de quatro tipos de substrato: solo; solo + areia (1:1); solo + areia + serragem (2:1:1); e solo + vermiculita (1:1). Cada parcela experimental foi constituída por cinco mudas. As mudas foram avaliadas quanto a um conjunto de variáveis morfológicas e fisiológicas, da parte aérea e da raiz. No final do experimento foi também realizado o isolamento e a caracterização fenotípica de bactérias oriundas de nódulos coletados nas mudas. A caracterização foi realizada pela avaliação morfológica das colônias. O sombreamento de 50% é o indicado na produção de mudas de taxi-branco, enquanto que, em relação ao substrato, aquele composto por solo + areia é o que proporciona mudas de melhor qualidade. A espécie apresentou simbiose com grande diversidade de rizóbios, apesar de o número de isolados não ter sido influenciado pelo tipo de substrato e nível de sombreamento. A maioria dos isolados obtidos apresentam tempo de crescimento muito rápido e pH ácido do meio de cultura.