bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Por qué no podemos ver la diversidad religiosa?: Cuestionando el paradigma católico-céntrico en el estudio de la religión en Latinoamérica
Authors: Frigerio Alejandro
Published: February 2018

Los avances en el estudio de la religión en Latinoaméríca se han visto restringidos por la persistencia de visiones excesivamente católico-céntricas que impiden entender adecuadamente la extensión y la relevancia de la diversidad religiosa, relegándola a un mero epifenómeno reciente y minoritario de nuestra realidad social. La real naturaleza del protagonismo del catolicismo en el continente podría ser mejor evaluada y comprendida —en sus distintas dimensiones— si dejáramos de aceptar acríticamente una serie de supuestos básicos que guían nuestros análisis y que intentaré replantear en este trabajo. Para ello, identificaré los rasgos mínimos de lo que considero un paradigma analítico dominante en el estudio de la religión desde las ciencias sociales (principalmente la sociología) y proveeré una visión alternativa, basada en presupuestos teóricos diferentes. Argumentaré que la sobre-dependencia en los postulados de algunos autores canónicos, la excesiva equiparación de “identidades” con “creencias” y la adhesión a visiones demasiado institucionalizadas de la religión, así como la escasa atención a las distintas modalidades de la regulación religiosa, brindan una visión exagerada de una “Latinoamérica católica”.
KONTRIBUSI WADUK PEUDADA TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN AIR KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Mt Wesli
Published: February 2018

Kebutuhan air di Kabupaten Bireuen semakin hari semakin meningkat, kebutuhan tersebut digunakan untuk rumah tangga, peternakan dan kebutuhan air persawahan. Salah satu sumber untuk kebutuhan tersebut adalah waduk Peudada yang terletak di kecamatan Peudada Kabupaten Bireuen. Rumusan masalah adalah seberapa besar kontribusi waduk Peudada dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air di kabupaten Bireuen. Sumber air Waduk Peudada adalah curah hujan dan debit andalan Krueng Peudada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya konstribusi Waduk Peudada dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air di kabupaten Bireuen. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis hidrologi dan analisis debit andalan sungai Krueng Peudada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  ketersediaan air pada Waduk Peudada berdasarkan analisis hidrologi dan debit andalan sungai untuk kondidi eksisting sebesar 0,97 m3/det, pada periode ulang 5 tahunan sebesar 11,242 m3/det, pada periode ulang 10 tahunan sebesar 15,402 m3/det, pada periode ulang 25 tahunan sebesar 20,662 m3/det dan pada periode ulang 50 tahunan sebesar 11,242 m3/det. Kebutuhan air berdasarkan kebutuhan rumah tangga, kebutuhan peternakan dan kebutuhan air persawahan untuk kondidi eksisting sebesar 24,557 m3/det, pada periode ulang 5 tahunan sebesar 24,562 m3/det, pada periode ulang 10 tahunan sebesar 24,568 m3/det, pada periode ulang 25 tahunan sebesar 24,600 m3/det dan pada periode ulang 50 tahunan sebesar 24,800 m3/det. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa konstribusi Waduk Peudada dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air di Kabupaten Bireuen Pada periode ulang 25 tahunan kontribusi sebesar 83,99% dan pada periode ulang 50 tahunan dapat berkondtribusi 99,02%. Gambaran di atas menunjukkan bahwa untuk perencanaan infrastruktur ketersediaan air jika ingin memanfaatkan Waduk Peudada sebagai sumber penyediaan air harus pada periode ulang 25 tahunan atau 50 tahunan dan secara signifikan akan membutuhkan anggaran yang besar.
TINJAUAN KUAT TEKAN DAN MODULUS ELASTISITAS BETON PADA CAMPURAN DIATOMAE SEBAGAI ADITIF
Authors: Emi Maulani
Published: February 2018

Tanah Diatomae dari Lampanah Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Aceh disusun dari diatomit dengan kandungan silika SiO2 62.28%,yang sesuai dengan European Standards (EN) 197-1 karena memiliki reactive silica (RS) diatas 25%,  CaO 8.28%, Fe2O3 1.79%, dan Al2O3 9.52 %. . Berdasarkan Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi Provinsi Aceh tahun 2012, sebaran tanah diatomae di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sangat berlimpah dengan estimasi 40.353.700.00 ton, tanah diatomae memiliki sifat pozzolan yang mirip dengan bahan pozzolan lainnya seperti fly ash dan metakaolin dengan berat jenis yang ringan 1.5. Pada penelitian ini tanah diatomae adalah bahan utama yang digunakan sebagai Aditif atau bahan tambah pada pembuatan beton.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji tanah diatomae sebagai bahan tambahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan pada pembuatan beton mutu normal dan membandingkan dengan karakteristik beton yang sesuai standar mutu beton normal tanpa bahan tambahan tanah diatomae. Benda uji yang dibuat berupa silinder dengan ukuran diameter 100 mm dan tinggi 200 mm dengan faktor air semen FAS 0.30 dengan persentase kadar substitusi tanah diatomae 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Pengujian dilakukan pada umur 7 hari, 28 hari dan 56 hari.

Nilai kuat tekan beton mengalami penurunan sebanding dengan penambahan kadar tanah diatomae terhadap semen. Namun persentase diatomae sampai 15% nilai kuat tekan yang diperoleh masih termasuk kategori beton struktural mutu sedang menurut peraturan SNI 03-6468-2000. Nilai rata-rata kuat tekan beton pada umur 56 hari adalah 38.93 MPa ( tanah diatomae 0%); 33.31 MPa (tanah diatomae 5%); 29.56  MPa (tanah diatomae 10%); 26.65 MPa (tanah diatomae 15%). Nilai modulus elastisitas pada beton juga mengalami penurunan sebanding dengan penambahan kadar diatomae.

 

 
PENGARUH KADAR FILLER ABU BATU KAPUR DAN ABU TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON AC-BC
Authors: Yacob Muhammad , Wesli Wesli
Published: February 2018

Perkerasan jalan AC-BC yang terlalu dini rusak tidak sesuai dengan umur rencana biasanya di sebabkan oleh faktor beban berlebih dan mutu campuran aspal itu sendiri. Dewasa ini telah banyak diteliti tentang bahan pengisi (filler) dari material lokal yang banyak digunakan dan ramah lingkungan untuk memodifikasi sifat-sifat aspal dalam campuran aspal beton sehingga dapat memperbaiki kinerja perkerasan dari sisi nilai-nilai parameter Marshallnya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaruh kadar filler abu batu kapur (ABK) dan abu tempurung kelapa (ATK) pada perkerasan jalan AC-BC dengan metode Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga Revisi 3. Masalah yang ditinjau adalah karakteristik Marshall, dengan membandingkan perilaku campuran AC-BC yang menggunakan filler ABK dan ATK dengan campuran normal. Pada penelitian ini KAO yang didapatkan sebesar 6 % dan untuk benda uji dengan filler ABK dan ATK dengan variasi 100:0, 0:100, 25:75, 50:50,75:25. Hasil pengujian di laboratorium perbandingan nilai stabilitas menunjukkan nilai stabilitas yang didapat dari penggunaan filler ABK dan ATK dengan metode spesifikasi Bina Marga 2010 revisi 3 meningkat dibandingkan dengan tanpa ada penggunaan filler ABK dan ATK yaitu nilai stabilitasnya sebesar 1562,95 kg, sedangkan campuran normal sebesar 1430,19 kg. Untuk nilai density, VFWA, stabilitas, dan flow mengalami peningkatan pada semua variasi,  sedangkan nilai VMA, VITM, dan MQ mengalami penurunan dan masih dalam spesifikasi yang disayaratkan, selanjutnya untuk nilai durabilitas adalah sebesar 80,3%, nilai tersebut belum memenuhi nilai yang disyaratkan. Pada penelitian ini hanya pada variasi filler 25% ABK dan 75% ATK yang menunjukan seluruh nilai parameter Marshall telah memenuhi Spesifikasi Bina Marga 2010 Revisi 3.
PENGARUH CAMPURAN ABU SABUT KELAPA PADA TANAH LEMPUNG TERHADAP NILAI CBR TERENDAM (SOAKED) DAN CBR TIDAK TERENDAM (UNSOAKED)
Authors: Desmi Adzuha - , Sniwati Utari -
Published: February 2018

Abstrak

Lempung adalah terdiri dari butiran-butiran sangat kecil dan menunjukkan sifat plastisitas dan kohesif. Pada penelitian ini digunakan  abu sabut kelapa untuk perbaikan tanah lempung didesa Cot Girek Kandang yang berdaya dukung rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai CBR terendam (soaked) dan CBR tak terendam (unsoaked) dengan variasi campuran 5%, 10%, dan 15% abu sabut kelapa. Tanah di desa cot girek kandang  termasuk tanah lempung berpasir. Berat volume 1,60gram/cm3 dan kadar air optimum 28%. Pada pengujian CBR terendam tanah asli didapat nilai 5,0% sedangkan setelah dicampur 5% abu sabut kelapa didapat nilai 16,67%, pada 10% campuran di dapat nilai 8,0%,dan pada 15% campuran di dapat 6,33%. Pada pengujian CBR tidak terendam tanah asli didapat nilai 6,0% sedangkan setelah dicampur 5% abu sabut kelapa didapat nilai 23,33%, pada 10% campuran di dapat nilai 14,73%, dan pada 15% campuran di dapat nilai 7,2%. Maka dari itu dapat dipakai campuran 5% abu sabut kelapa  karena dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR.

 

Kata kunci : abu sabut kelapa, CBR terendam dan CBR tak terendam
Modeling and Optimization of Bobbin Friction Stir Welding for AA6061-T6 alloy Utilizing Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Amin Samir Ali , Hanna Mohannad Yousif , Mohamed Alhamza Farooq
Published: February 2018

Bobbin friction stir welding (BFSW) is special kind of friction stir welding. This investigation aims to develop empirical models through mathematical relationships between the welding process parameters and mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 welded joint created by using bobbin tool and to find the optimum welding parameters. The welding speed range (40-200 mm/min) and rotational speed range (340-930 rpm) were utilized (as the used input factors) to find their effects on elongation, tensile strength and maximum bending force as the main responses.  These models were built using Design of Experiment (DOE) software ‘version 10’ with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. The models adequacy were tested via the (ANOVA) analysis. The obtained models appeared that as the welding speed or rotational speed increases, the elongation, tensile strength and maximum bending force of the welded joint firstly rise to a maximum value and then drop. The optimum welding parameters were rotational speed (623.949 rpm) and welding speed (128.795 mm/min) with (6.33%), (204 MPa) and (6.216 KN) of elongation, tensile strength and maximum bending force, respectively. A proper harmonization was obtained between the models predicted results and the optimized ones with actual trial with 95% level of confidence.
DESAIN AWAL SISTEM SATELIT TELEKOMUNIKASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA (PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF INDONESIAN MILITARY TELECOMUNICATION SATELLITE)
Authors: Triharjanto Robertus Heru , Faturrohim Luqman , Poetro Ridanto Eko , Muhammad Hari
Published: February 2018

As the biggest archipelago in the world, Indonesia really needs satellite system to support its defense and security. Based on that, this research aims to produce the preliminary design of telecommunication satellite system needed for defense and security campaign in Indonesia. Per best practice in aerospace engineering, the satellite preliminary design is preceded by a satellite concept design. In the concept design process, the users’ requirements, in this case, the Indonesian military, are studied, and comparative study is done for military telecommunication satellite solution that other countries used. The results are the satellite mission requirements, and design constraints to be used in the satellite preliminary design. The preliminary design shows that 2 kinds of satellites are needed to accommodate the mission requirements. i.e. L-band for mobile communications and C-band for fixed-high-datarate communication. Based on the available slots and the design constraints, the L-band satellite will be placed at 123 E. The satellite will weigh 2200 kg, has a power capacity of 1 kW, and can provide data communication with the speed of 512 kbps. The C-band satellite, that will be placed at 118 E, will weigh 2400 kg, has power capacity of 1.5 kW, and can provide data communication with the speed of 10 Mbps. Both satellites can operate for 10 years. Abstrak:Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terluas di dunia amat memerlukan sistem satelit untuk menunjang sistem pertahanan dan keamanannya. Atas motivasi tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat desain awal sistem satelit telekomunikasi yang diperlukan untuk pertahanan dan keamanan di Indonesia. Sesuai kaidah perancangan satelit, proses desain awal didahului dengan pembuatan desain konsep. Pada proses desain konsep dilakukan pendefinisikan kebutuhan penggguna, dalam hal ini pihak TNI dan Kementerian Pertahanan, dan studi banding atas solusi satelit telekomunikasi pertahanan di mancanegara. Hasil desain konsep adalah persyaratan misi dan batasan desain, yang harus diacu pada tahap desain awal satelit. Desain awal, diantaranya, menetapkan desain muatan sehingga dapat mengakomodasikan misi, serta ukuran dan berat dari bus satelit, agar bisa memenuhi kebutuhan muatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan desain konsep hanya bisa dilakukan dengan desain awal 2 tipe satelit telekomunikasi, yakni dengan frekuensi L-band untuk komunikasi bergerak, dan frekuensi C-band untuk komunikasi statis dengan kecepatan tinggi. Sesuai ketersediaan slot yang menjadi batasan desain, satelit L-band akan ditempatkan di 123 BT. Satelit tersebut mempunyai berat 2200 kg, konsumsi daya 1 kW, dan dapat melayani komunikasi data dengan kecepatan 512 kbps. Satelit C-band, yang akan berada di 118 BT, mempunyai berat 2400 kg, kapasitas daya 1.5 kW, dan dapat melayani komunikasi data dengan kecepatan 10 Mbps. Kedua satelit tersebut dapat beroperasi selama 10 tahun.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ALUMINIUM POWDER PROPELAN BERDASAR ENERGI PEMBAKARAN DARI BOMB KALORIMETER
Authors: Hartaya Kendra
Published: February 2018

It has been analyzed the result of propellant research with variable aluminum content to the combustion energy output . Measurement of the amount of combustion energy carried by the bomb calorimeter. Propellant sample was made by mixing HTPB and aluminium for 15 minutes, adding fine AP for mixing 20 minutes, adding  coarse AP for mixing 50 minutes. After stirring ends, the TDI was added and stirred for 15 minutes . Aluminum content in the propellant varies from 8 % to 18 %w . The resulted combustion energy is 2885 cal/g to 3750 cal/g . In 18 % of Al content, burning energy begin to reduce . This reduction was largely caused by burning sample together with the erosiving sample Abstrak Telah dilakukan analisis hasil penelitian propelan dengan variabel kandungan aluminium terhadap hasil energi pembakaran. Pengukuran besarnya energi pembakaran propelan dilakukan dengan bomb calorimeter. Sampel propelan dibuat dengan mencampur HTPB dan aluminium selama 15 emnit dilanjutkan pencampuran dengan AP halus selama 20 menit, lalu dengan AP kasar selama 50 mrnit. Setelah pengadukan berakhir maka ditambahkan TDI dan diaduk selama 15 menit. Kandungan Al di variasi dari 8% hingga 18%. Energi pembakaran yang dihasilkan adalah 2885 kal/gr hingga 3750 kal/gr. Pada 18% Al energi pembakaran mulai menurun. Penurunan ini diakibatkan oleh sebagian besar sampel yang terbakar sama dengan sampel yang mengalami erosiv.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI UJUNG PANGKAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE EDGE DETECTION DAN NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX (UJUNG PANGKAH SHORELINE CHANGE ANALYSIS USING EDGE DETECTION METHOD AND NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX)
Authors: Anggraini Nanin , Marpaung Sartono , Hartuti Maryani
Published: February 2018

Besides to the effects from tidal, coastline position changed due to abrasion and accretion. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the position of coastline, one of them by utilizing Landsat data by using edge detection and NDWI filter. Edge detection is a mathematical method that aims to identify a point on a digital image based on the brightness level. Edge detection is used because it is very good to present the appearance of a very varied object on the image so it can be distinguished easily. NDWI is able to separate land and water clearly, making it easier for coastline analysis. This study aimed to detect coastline changes in Ujung Pangkah of Gresik Regency caused by accretion and abrasion using edge detection and NDWI filters on temporal Landsat data (2000 and 2015). The data used in this research was Landsat 7 in 2000 and Landsat 8 in 2015. The results showed that the coastline of Ujung Pangkah Gresik underwent many changes due to accretion and abrasion. The accretion area reached 11,35 km2 and abrasion 5,19 km2 within 15 year period. Abstrak Selain akibat adanya pasang surut, posisi garis pantai berubah akibat adanya abrasi dan akresi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya deteksi posisi garis pantai, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan data Landsat dengan menggunakan filter edge detection dan NDWI. Edge detection adalah suatu metode matematika yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi suatu titik pada gambar digital berdasarkan tingkat kecerahan. Filter edge detection digunakan karena sangat baik untuk menyajikan penampakan obyek yang sangat bervariasi pada citra sehingga dapat dibedakan dengan mudah. NDWI mampu memisahkan antara daratan dan perairan dengan jelas sehingga memudahkan untuk analisis garis pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk deteksi perubahan garis pantai di Ujung Pangkah Kabupaten Gresik yang disebabkan oleh adanya akresi dan abrasi dengan menggunakan filter edge detection dan NDWI pada data Landsat temporal (tahun 2000 dan 2015). Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah citra Landsat 7 tahun 2000 dan Landsat 8 tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa garis pantai di Ujung Pangkah Gresik banyak mengalami perubahan akibat adanya akresi dan abrasi. Luas akresi mencapai 11,35 km2 dan abrasi 5,19 km2 dalam periode waktu 15 tahun.
PENGEMBANGAN LAYANAN WEB SPASIAL INFORMASI PEMANFAATAN PENGINDERAAN JAUH (DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL WEB SERVICES FOR REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION INFORMATION)
Authors: Sarno NFN
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Dissemination implementation of remote sensing application information through the management of  National Earth Observation System at the Remote Sensing Application Center of National Institute of Aeronautics and Space could be achieve by expanding and completing the dissemination mechanism, from the traditional way  to  spatial web services.  The service is a standard defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium, which have enabled the dissemination implementation mechanisms could more interoperable and helpfully in organizing the implementation function of data application and remote sensing information dissemination. This research aims to analyze and provide development methods of spatial web services for remote sensing application information. The research methods include setting the initial requirements, programming a map file and spatial web services testing. The results showed that the spatial web services based on University of Minnesota Mapserver has been successfully implemented and tested using real web map service client Google Map and QGIS Desktop in case study forest cover change in Indonesia.  ABSTRAKPelaksanaan diseminasi informasi pemanfaatan penginderaan jauh melalui pengelolaan Sistem Pemantauan Bumi Nasional di Pusat Pemanfaatan Pemanfaaatan Penginderaan Jauh,  Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional dapat dicapai dengan memperluas dan melengkapi mekanisme pelaksanaan diseminasi cara tradisional dengan pengembangan layanan web spasial.  Layanan tersebut merupakan standar yang didefinisikan oleh Open GeoSpasial Consortium, yang memungkinkan mekanisme pelaksanaan diseminasi lebih interoperabilitas dan sangat membantu dalam penyelenggaraan fungsi pelaksanaan pemanfaatan data dan diseminasi informasi pemanfaatan penginderaan jauh.  Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menyediakan metode pengembangan layanan web spasial informasi pemanfaatan penginderaan jauh. Metode penelitian meliputi pengaturan persyaratan awal, pemrograman file map dan pengujian layanan web spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan web spasial berbasis perangkat lunak University of Minnesota Mapserver telah berhasil di implementasikan dan dilakukan pengujian menggunakan klien layanan web map nyata Google Map dan QGIS Desktop melalui studi kasus infromasi perubahan tutupan hutan di Indonesia.
UJI MODEL FASE PERTUMBUHAN PADI BERBASIS CITRA MODIS MULTIWAKTU DI PULAU LOMBOK (THE TESTING OF PHASE GROWTH RICE MODEL BASED ON MULTITEMPORAL MODIS IN LOMBOK ISLAND)
Authors: Parsa Made , Dede Dirgahayu Dede , Manalu Johannes , Carolita Ita , Harsanugraha Wawan
Published: February 2018

Model testing is a step that must be done before operational activities. This testing aimed to test rice growth phase models based on MODIS in Lombok using multitemporal LANDSAT imagery and 4eld data. This study was carried out by the method of analysis and evaluation in several stages, these are : evaluation of accuracy by multitemporal Landsat 8 image analysis, then evaluation by using 4eld data, and analysis of growth phase information to calculate model consistency. The accuracy of growth phase model was calculated using Confusion Matrix. The results of stage I analysis for phase of April 30 and July 19 showed the accuracy of the model is 58-59 %, while the evaluation of stage II for phase of period July 19 with survey data indicated that the overall accuracy is 53 %. However, the results of model consistency analysis show that the resulting phase of the smoothed MODIS imagery shows a consistent pattern as well as the EVI pattern of rice plants with an 86% accuracy, but not for pattern data without smoothing. This testing give conclusion is the model is good, but for operational MODIS input data must be smoothed 4rst before index value extraction.ABSTRAKUji model adalah sebuah tahapan yang harus dilakukan sebelum model tersebut digunakan untuk kegiatan yang bersifat operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji akurasi model fase pertumbuhan padi berbasis MODIS di pulau Lombok terhadap citra Landsat multiwaktu dan data lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode analisis dan evaluasi secara bertahap. Pertama, evaluasi akurasi menggunakan analisis citra Landsat 8 multiwaktu. Pada tahap kedua menggunakan data referensi hasil pengamatan lapangan, sedangkan tahap ketiga dilakukan analisis informasi fase pertumbuhan untuk mengetahui tingkat konsistensi model. Akurasi model fase pertumbuhan dihitung menggunakan matrik kesalahan. Hasil analisis dan evaluasi tahap I terhadap informasi fase 30 April dan 19 Juli menunjukkan bahwa ketelitian model mencapai 58-59 %, sementara hasil evaluasi tahap II terhadap fase periode 19 Juli menggunakan data hasil survei 20-25 Juli menunjukkan akurasi keseluruhan 53 %. Namun, hasil analisis konsistensi model menunjukkan bahwa fase yang dihasilkan dari citra MODIS yang di-smoothing menunjukkan pola yang konsisten sebagaimana pola EVI tanaman padi dengan akurasi 86 %, sedangkan pola EVI citra MODIS yang tidak di-smoothing tidak konsisten. Berdasarkan hasil ini disimpulkan bahwa model ini cukup baik, tetapi dalam operasionalnya perlu dilakukan smoothing citra MODIS input terlebih dahulu sebelum ekstrak nilai indek (EVI).
The Importance of Teaching Reading: Emphasize for Reading Fluency or Accuracy in Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension in EFL Context
Authors: Rochman Muhammad
Published: February 2018

Current methods for teaching reading comprehension tend to emphasize the products of comprehension and neglect the processes of comprehension. Teachers often provide insufficient opportunities for learners to practice English in teaching reading. To make the situation worse, both teachers and learners frequently use Indonesian language throughout English classes. There are two sets of skills that are particularly important to teach. The first set includes comprehension monitoring skills that involve readers' monitoring their continuing processing for possible comprehension failure and taking remedial action when failures occur. Comprehension failures can occur at various levels, including: particular words, particular sentences, relations between sentences, and relations between larger units. For each kind of failure, there are specific remedial actions readers can take. The second set of processing skills that can be taught involves using clues in the text to generate, evaluate, and revise hypotheses about current and future events in the text. During teaching reading in a class teachers may confuse to give exercises relate to fluency or accuracy. The correlation between fluency and reading comprehension showed a significant positive relationship between oral reading fluency and reading comprehension performance. Therefore, automaticity of decoding fluency is essential for high levels of reading achievement. Hence, what educators should do now is conscientiously try to shift educators’ attention from emphasizing the accuracy of students ‘oral presentation to developing their ability to express themselves both accurately and fluently in English.
Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in Western India – Report from A Regional Institute of Ophthalmology
Authors: Vasavada Dhaivat , Sengupta Sabyasachi , Prajapati Vipul K , Patel Shashank
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is an important cause of childhood blindness amongst premature babies in developing as well as developed world.Objectives: To report the incidence and risk factors of ROP from a regional institute of Ophthalmology in western India and compare it with the existing scenario.Materials and Methods: This was prospective observational study of babies born at <34 weeks of gestational and/or <1700 grams birth weight between January 2012 and October 2013. Birth related information viz. O2 administration was recorded in consultation with a neonatologist and babies were evaluated for the presence of ROP. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for any-ROP and severe-ROP requiring treatment.Results: Out of 280 babies screened, any-ROP was seen 54 babies(19.28%) out of which, severe-ROP was found in 28 babies(10.29%).Likelihood of developing any-ROP increased 3 fold (95%CI=1.1 – 6.5), and severe-ROP by 7 fold (95%CI=1.6 – 27.5), if oxygen therapy as administered. Older gestational age was associated with reduced likelihood of developing severe-ROP (Odds ratio=0.79, 95%CI=0.6 – 0.9) but not any-ROP. Twenty four babies (86%) with severe ROP responded well to laser or Bevacizumab therapy while 4 babies developed retinal detachment.Conclusion: This is the first report quoting only incidence and risk factors of ROP from western India. One in 5 babies develop any-ROP similar to that reported across rest of the country. The incidence of severe-ROP requiring treatment appears to be marginally higher, and treatment outcomes in these eyes are similar to that reported in literature.
Pigmented free floating vitreous cyst in a 10 years old child
Authors: Majumder Parthopratim Dutta , Ganesh Nagalekshmi , Tomar Vijay Pratap Singh , Kharel Ranju , Sen Parveen
Published: February 2018

Pigmented free-floating vitreous cyst in retrolental space is rare. It can represent its congenital origin after spontaneous detachment from the ciliary body epithelium or after trivial injury. We report a case of pigmented, free floating non-infective vitreous cyst in a 10 year old child who presented with compliant of transient blurring of vision three days after she joined swimming class. A thorough eye examination with ultrasound B scan and ultrasound biomicroscopy was done to rule out any other associated conditions.
Interventions in entrepreneurial learning: Blended learning and ICT capacity
Authors: Burgess Stephen , Bingley Scott , Paguio Rafael , Woodley Carolyn
Published: February 2018

The effective use of information and communications technologies (ICT) can benefit most small businesses. This article examines the design, development and delivery of a pilot blended learning program for entrepreneurial learning that targets the use of ICT by tradespeople. The study involves a case study of tradespeople in Australia who participated in a program designed to build their capacity to identify, use and evaluate ICT to enhance their business practices. The program combined traditional instructional approaches (through face-to-face and online sessions for delivering basic ICT concepts to participants) with learner-centred approaches (through a combination of student mentor visits and practical exercises to identify applications that were context-specific for each participant's business). A blended learning assessment framework is employed throughout the article to inform and evaluate various aspects of the program. Project participants rated the face-to-face sessions, student mentor visits and practical exercises as very effective. However, some participants could not free up the time from their employment to participate in all of the face-to-face classes. From a theoretical perspective, an amended blended learning assessment framework for the delivery of ICT programs to entrepreneurs is presented and potential lessons for the delivery of ICT concepts to entrepreneurs in the trades and similar vocations are proposed.
Effectiveness of a Radiographic Anatomy Software Application for Enhancing Learning of Veterinary Radiographic Anatomy
Authors: Reiter Rachel , Viehdorfer Matt , Hescock Kimmy , Clark Terri , Nemanic Sarah
Published: February 2018

The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an interactive radiology software application that we developed to enhance learning of normal canine radiographic anatomy. All first-year veterinary medical students were eligible to participate in this subject pre-test–post-test experimental design. When presented with the software application, all students had completed two terms of gross anatomy in which the complete anatomy of the dog had been taught using a combination of lectures and laboratory dissections, including radiographic examples. The software application was divided into four body regions: front limb, hind limb, skull/spine, and thorax/abdomen, each with a learning mode and a quiz mode. Quizzes were composed of 15 questions drawn pseudo-randomly without repeat from all structures within a region (median 206 structures). Students were initially given the software application with only the quiz mode activated. After completing four quizzes, one for each body region, students were given access to the software application with both learning mode and quiz mode activated. Students were instructed to spend 30 minutes using the learning mode to study the radiographic anatomy of each region and to retake each quiz. Quiz scores after using the learning mode were significantly higher for each body region (p<.001), with a large effect size for all four regions (Cohen's d=0.83–1.56). These results suggest that this radiographic anatomy software application is an effective tool for students to use to learn normal radiographic anatomy.
Phenotyping and genotyping parents of sixteen recombinant inbred peanut populations
Authors: Chu Y. , Holbrook C.C. , Isleib T.G. , Burow M. , Culbreath A. K. , Tillman B. , Chen J. , Clevenger J. , Ozias-Akins P.
Published: February 2018

In peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), most agronomically important traits such as yield, disease resistance, and pod and kernel characteristics are quantitatively inherited. Phenotypic selection of these traits in peanut breeding programs can be augmented by marker-assisted selection. However, reliable associations between unambiguous genetic markers and phenotypic traits have to be established by genetic mapping prior to early generation marker-assisted selection. Previously, a nested association mapping (NAM) population of 16 recombinant inbred line populations (RILs) consisting 4870 lines was established. In order to facilitate effective mapping of such a large genetic resource, the first objective of the current study was to phenotype the parental lines for yield, pod traits, field maturity, germination, plant morphology, salt tolerance and resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and late leaf spot (LLS). For most measured traits, more than one parental combination demonstrated statistically significant variation which can be further quantified and mapped in the respective RIL populations. The second objective of this study was to genotype the parental lines using the Arachis Axiom SNP arrays to reveal the marker density of the mapping populations. The Version 1 array identified 1,000 to 4,000 SNPs among the population parents and the number of SNPs doubled on the Version 2 array. Further phenotyping and genotyping of the NAM populations will allow the construction of high density genetic maps containing quantitative trait loci.
Base Flow Index Estimation on Gauged and Ungauged Catchments in Hungary Using Digital Filter, Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Jolánkai Zsolt , Koncsos László
Published: February 2018

A country scale analysis of diffuse source nutrient emissions have been undertaken previously on small catchments level using the MONERIS model, which needed a proper estimation of surface and subsurface runoff differentiation to support or contradict its own water budget based method. As reliable, country scale base flow estimation has not been available for the country at the time of the study, this knowledge gap has been tried to be filled by the current work. This has been done using multiple methods. Digital filter have been applied on continuous river discharge data on gauged catchments in order to determine base flow indices (BFI). Using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN), climatic, soil and land use properties of the catchments have been used to extend base flow indices to ungauged catchments. MLR brought acceptable results (adjusted r2 values around 0.7), however it proved to be sensitive of the selection of catchments used for validation, and therefore a mean of prediction by thirty different regression equation was used for the estimation. ANN was less sensitive for the change of the variables included and the number of nodes used for the learning. The results are comparable with the MLR method and show good agreement in most of the areas, however in some part of the country the two approach show significant differences in the predicted BFI values.
Seismic Retrofit of Defective RC Beam-Column Joints
Authors: Akhaveissy Amir H , Permanoon Ali , Mirzaei Moein
Published: February 2018

Strong earthquakes always occur in countries with seismic risk and can potentially cause multiple deaths. This study investigates the seismic vulnerability of RC beam-column connections. Generally, it is impractical to simultaneously set up the molds of the concrete beam, ceiling and column and achieve a uniform concrete and this can cause numerous constructional deficiencies. Usually, these deficiencies can be instrumental in the failure of RC frames. Therefore, this study investigates the performance of a defective RC beam-column connection and provides a method to improve the behavior of the connection. The defective connection studied herein belongs to a high school in the city of Kermanshah, Iran. Many factors that affect the performance of the retrofitting designs are studied. Also, all of the parameters used in the analyses were obtained based upon the actual behavior of the material through core extraction and tensile tests. Finally, an optimal design is proposed.
Monitoring of Excessive Deformation of Steel Structure Extra-High Voltage Pylons
Authors: Ličev Lačezar , Hendrych Jakub , Tomeček Jan , Čajka Radim , Krejsa Martin
Published: February 2018

Reliability and security of a power transmission depends on the state of the power grid and mainly on the state of the Extra-High Voltage pylons. The paper deals with deformation analysis of existing steel structure of selected Extra-High Voltage pylons which showed excessive differences comparing to the original design. In the assessment of the situation, geodetic survey of selected pylons of power grid that showed the greatest deformation was performed. On taken images, deformation of steel structures by using the FOTOMNG system was also analyzed. The proposed method allows a modeling of the structure of the object based on precisely obtained photographic documentation of the current state. It also represents a very effective method which allows to quickly and efficiently analyze the deformation in the structure of Extra-High Voltage pylons in the critical position of the power grid. Other benefits include the possibility of repeatable and safe measurement.
Durability Assessment of Clay-Bearing Soft Rocks By Using New Decay Index
Authors: Heidari Mojtaba , Momeni Aliakbar , Mohebbi Yazdan
Published: February 2018

Clay-bearing rocks are known as most important problematic weak rocks. Due to the importance of disintegration of clay-bearing rocks in engineering projects, several simple test methods have been proposed to assess durability of these rocks. In this study, a comprehensive research program was conducted on twenty different clay-bearing rocks to assess their disintegration characteristics under laboratory conditions. In order to carry out the research, at the first step some physical and mechanical properties of the studied rocks were measured. After that, three durability test methods were employed. These tests include the standard slake durability test to obtain index durability (Id2 ), slake durability test with sieving the remained materials in drum to obtain disintegration ratio (DR) and new time series slake durability test to obtain decay index (DI). The results of this research indicated that for most of samples, using the standardized slake durability index test (Id2 ) may not be adequate to understand the disintegration characteristics of clay-bearing rocks and shows overestimated values. The new decay index (DI) has overcome the most limitations of the standard slake durability test and clearly will realize deterioration potential of clay bearing rocks. Finally, based on the results of decay index a new durability classification was proposed.
Neural Network Based Vibration Control of Seismically Excited Civil Structures
Authors: Blachowski Bartlomiej , Pnevmatikos Nikos
Published: February 2018

This study proposes a neural network based vibration control system designed to attenuate structural vibrations induced by an earthquake. Classical feedback control algorithms are susceptible to parameter changes. For structures with uncertain parameters they can even cause instability problems. The proposed neural network based control system can identify the structural properties of the system and avoids the above mentioned problems. In the present study it is assumed that a full state of the structure is known, which means the at each floor horizontal displacements and rotations about the vertical axis are measured. Additionally, it is assumed the acceleration signal coming from the earthquake is also available. The proposed neural control strategy is compared with the classical linear quadratic regulator (LQR) not only in terms of displacement responses, but also required control forces. Moreover, the influence of different weighting matrices on performance of the proposed control strategy has been presented.The effectiveness of the neuro-controller has been demonstrated on two numerical examples: a simple single degree of freedom (DOF) structure and a multi-DOF structure representing a twelve story building. Both structures under consideration have been excited with El Centro acceleration signal. The results of numerical simulations on the SDOF system indicate that using neuro-controller it would be possible to obtain smaller amplitudes as compared with the LQ regulator, but it would require higher control effort.
Reliability Analysis of Rock Slope Excavation Considering the Stochasticity and Finite Persistence of Wedges
Authors: Wang Guilin , Sun Fan , Tang Qiuyuan
Published: February 2018

With a focus on wedge failure during rock slope excavation and considering stochasticity and finite persistence based on a stochastic structural-plane network simulation and Lajtai’s rock resistance criteria, we present a simplified method combined with binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) to calculate the shear strength of 3D rock masses. The probabilities of rock slope failure under excavation surfaces of various sizes were obtained using the Monte Carlo method. These probabilities can provide a theoretical basis for determining excavation stability. The approach was applied to a rock slope excavation project in Chongqing, China, and yielded satisfactory results.
Effect of Resonance in Soil-Structure Interaction for Finite Soil Layers
Authors: Pap Zsuzsa B , Kollár László P
Published: February 2018

In case of seismic design the deformability of the soil should be considered, which can be performed in several ways. Most of the methods do not take into account the finite dimensions of the soil, which results significantly different behavior than the spring-dashpot systems. For an infinite medium, which is used in many cases, there are no eigenmodes, however in practical applications the soft soil is always bounded by rocks. For these cases the soil has eigenmodes and the resonance may influence considerably the response of the system. This question was investigated numerically by FE calculations, and it was found that in certain cases the resonance, which is neglected in the common design process, may significantly enhance the earthquake loads. In this paper this phenomenon is investigated and the parameter range is defined when this effect must be taken into account.
Touchdown Remaining Lift on the Wings and Dynamic Vertical Force Transmitted to the Runway
Authors: De Luca Mario , Dell'Acqua Gianluca
Published: February 2018

Airfield pavements are designed to handle an increasing volume of conventional aircraft, but in the future they may be required to accommodate both unmanned aircraft and space vehicles; these have their own unique requirements in terms of pavement strength and durability.This study deals with the problem of application of loads on the runway during landing. The solution of this problem, necessary for the correct construction of the decay curve, has been studied with reference to the Grip Number (GN). The experiment has been conducted on the runway of the Airport of Lamezia Terme ( IATA: SUF, ICAO: LICA) - Italy. Traffic data (from 2010 to 2014) and data on surface features (in terms of GN) for the same period (according to the Publication-ICAO Doc.9137-AN / 898, where guidelines Speed equals 65 km / h) were acquired for the goals of this study.The analysis of the data has supplied important information about the conditions of application of the loads on the Runway. In particular, through an optimization procedure and the use of the technique OLS, a relationship of application of loads on the runway has been proposed and furthermore two different areas, in reference to the methods of the application of loads in the process of landing, have been defined: a first part x1 within which the load is applied gradually with a linear law, and a second part (L-x1), in which all the load is applied with a constant law.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Pulmonary Concerns in Remote Spaceflight Triage Environments
Authors: Johansen Benjamin D. , Blue Rebecca S. , Castleberry Tarah L. , Antonsen Erik L. , Vanderploeg James M.
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: With the development of the commercial space industry, growing numbers of spaceflight participants will engage in activities with a risk for pulmonary injuries, including pneumothorax, ebullism, and decompression sickness, as well as other concomitant trauma. Medical
triage capabilities for mishaps involving pulmonary conditions have not been systematically reviewed. Recent studies have advocated the use of point-of-care ultrasound to screen for lung injury or illness. The operational utility of portable ultrasound systems in disaster relief and other
austere settings may be relevant to commercial spaceflight.METHODS: A systematic review of published literature was conducted concerning the use of point-of-care pulmonary ultrasound techniques in austere environments, including suggested examination protocols for triage and diagnosis.RESULTS:
Recent studies support the utility of pulmonary ultrasound examinations when performed by skilled operators, and comparability of the results to computed tomography and chest radiography for certain conditions, with important implications for trauma management in austere environments.DISCUSSION:
Pulmonary injury and illness are among the potential health risks facing spaceflight participants. Implementation of point-of-care ultrasound protocols could aid in the rapid diagnosis, triage, and treatment of such conditions. Though operator-dependent, ultrasound, with proper training, experience,
and equipment, could be a valuable tool in the hands of a first responder supporting remote spaceflight operations.Johansen BD, Blue RS, Castleberry TL, Antonsen EL, Vanderploeg JM. Point-of-care ultrasound for pulmonary concerns in remote spaceflight triage environments. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(2):122–129.
Prophylactic Ankle Braces and the Kinematics and Kinetics of Half-Squat Parachute Landing
Authors: Wu Di , Zheng Chao , Wu Ji , Hu Tan , Huang Rongrong , Wang Lizhen , Fan Yubo
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dropping heights and prophylactic ankle braces on ankle joint biomechanics during half-squat parachute landing from two different heights.METHODS: There were 30 male elite paratroopers with
formal parachute landing training and more than 2 yr of parachute jumping experience who were recruited for this study. The subjects tested three different ankle brace conditions (no-brace, elastic brace, semirigid brace). Each subject was instructed to jump off a platform from two different
heights of 0.4 m and 0.8 m, and land on a force plate in a half-squat posture. The Vicon 3D motion capture system and force plate were used to record and calculate kinematic and kinetic data.RESULTS: Dropping height had a significant effect on peak vertical ground reaction force
(vGRF), maximum ankle angular displacement, and time to vGRF. As compared with the no-brace group, use of an elastic ankle brace significantly reduced peak vGRF by 18.57% and both braces significantly reduced the maximal angular displacements of dorsiflexion. The semirigid brace provided greater
restriction against maximal angular displacement of inversion.DISCUSSION: The elastic and semirigid ankle braces both effectively restricted motion stability of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane, and the semirigid ankle brace prevented excessive inversion, although the comfort
of this device should be improved overall.Wu D, Zheng C, Wu J, Hu T, Huang R, Wang L, Fan Y. Prophylactic ankle braces and the kinematics and kinetics of half-squat parachute landing. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(2):141–146.