bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six Sigma-Based Optimization of Flux Switching Machines: A Roadmap for Quality, Performance, and Manufacturing Tolerances
Authors: Abunike Chiweta E. , Okoro Ogbonnaya I. , Aphale Sumeet S.
Published: December 2024

Flux-Switching Wound Field Machines (FSWFMs), renowned for their high torque density and independence from rare-earth materials, hold significant promise for sustainable electric vehicles and industrial applications. However, their widespread adoption is limited by challenges such as high torque ripple, efficiency variations, and sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This study introduces a pioneering application of the Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) optimization framework to address these challenges. The framework integrates Response Surface Methodology, sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective genetic algorithms to prioritize key design variables based on their sensitivity indices, enabling targeted and robust optimization under uncertainty. The optimized solution achieves a 7.69% reduction in torque ripple, ensuring smoother and more stable operation. Additionally, it demonstrates improved torque output and enhanced energy efficiency, validating the framework’s effectiveness. The incorporation of Six Sigma principles further guarantees the robustness of the optimized design by reducing variability in critical performance metrics. This DFSS-based methodology bridges the gap between theoretical optimization and practical implementation, offering a scalable, reliable, and computationally efficient solution. These advancements establish FSWFMs as a viable candidate for sustainable industrial applications, paving the way for the revolutionization of electric machine design and manufacturing processes.
Estimation of Upper Limb Motor Function and Its Use in Activities of Daily Living Based on Motor Time Required for the Cylinder Carrying Task in Patients with Post-Stroke Mild Hemiparesis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sakamoto Daigo , Hamaguchi Toyohiro , Yamamoto Mina , Aoki Risa , Suzumura Kenta , Nakayama Yasuhide , Abo Masahiro
Published: December 2024

Effectively assessing upper limb function is important for individualized rehabilitation in patients with stroke. The usefulness of conventional assessments in clinical practice is limited for patients with mild hemiparesis. Thus, we aimed to calculate the cut-off value for distinguishing between the paretic and nonparetic sides to estimate upper limb motor function and the use of the paretic upper limb. In this cross-sectional study, 88 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis who met the eli-gibility criteria were enrolled; motor time was measured during the cylinder transport task. The results showed that total motor time on the paretic side significantly correlated with scores of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), which assesses motor paralysis, and the Jikei Assessment Scale for Motor Impairment in Daily Living (JASMID), which assesses paretic upper limb use in activities of daily living. The cutoff values were 3.09 and 3.22 s for the task in which the cylinder was placed in front of the patient and on the same side as the paralyzed upper limb, respectively. Thus, using this new method, clinicians can quickly and objectively assess mo-tor impairment and the functional use of the upper extremity.
An Open-Source Simulation for Compression Analysis of Corrugated Boards
Authors: Metar Mohmad-Akram , Fitas Ricardo
Published: December 2024

In the packaging industry, corrugated boards are widely used due to many factors like bio-biodegradability, high strength-to-weight ratio, and also ease of manufacturing. In this study, the finite element analysis of corrugated cardboards under the flat compression test was performed using the open-source FEA Software Salome-meca. The corrugated board consists of a flute sandwiched between the top and the bottom liner. The study was performed with the help of Python scripting in order to iteratively perform many studies by varying the geometric shape of the flute. The pressure distribution along the top and the bottom liner was analyzed. The load-deflection curve for the corrugated cardboard was also analyzed as a part of this study. The boundary condition and the loading condition were chosen in such a way as to correctly represent the situation in real-life flat crush test in the lab. The contact zone was identified a priori and defined during the preparation of the study. Finally, the Code-Aster (The solver utilized by the Salome-Meca) was used to solve the finite element solution to the problem.
State of the Art of Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship in Pediatric Setting
Authors: Donà Daniele , Barbieri Elisa , Brigadoi Giulia , Liberati Cecilia , Bosis Samantha , Castagnola Elio , Colomba Claudia , Galli Luisa , Lancella Laura , Lo Vecchio Andrea , Meschiari Marianna , Montagnani Carlotta , De Luca Maia , Mercadante Stefania , Esposito Susanna
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and diagnostic stewardship programs (DSPs) are es-sential strategies for effectively managing infectious diseases and tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This narrative review highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach, advocating for the involvement of diverse healthcare professionals to support comprehensive stewardship practices in pediatric care. Emphasizing the importance of setting-specific interventions across inpatient, outpatient, and emergency contexts, the review calls for enhanced education and col-laboration among healthcare providers and families. This analysis also underscores the cost-effectiveness of ASPs and explores metrics critical to evaluating their success in pediatrics, focusing on outcomes that go beyond antibiotic consumption to include metrics such as AMR rates. The manuscript further examines emerging opportunities and ongoing challenges in ASP implementation, outlining future research directions. Key priorities include large-scale studies to assess the long-term impacts of ASPs, cost-effectiveness evaluations of pediatric-specific diagnostic tools, and the potential for integrating artificial intelligence to support clinical decisions. Ad-dressing these areas will strengthen the effectiveness and sustainability of ASPs, ultimately con-tributing to global efforts against AMR and improving pediatric health outcomes.
The Synergy of Renewable Energy and Desalination: An Overview of Current Practices and Future Directions
Authors: Gevorkov Levon , Domínguez-García José Luis , Trilla Lluis
Published: December 2024

Water is one of the most valuable and essential resources for human life, yet its scarcity has become a pressing global issue exacerbated by climate change and population growth. To address the increasing demand for water driven by urbanization, industrial expansion, tourism, and agricultural needs, many countries are turning to desalination as a viable solution. This study investigates the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) with desalination technologies to enhance both sustainability and efficiency. A comprehensive review of major desalination methods has been conducted, with a particular focus on the application of solar and wind energy. Additionally, the challenges associated with renewable energy-powered desalination, including the need for effective energy storage systems and the inherent volatility of power supply were explored. Our findings indicate that coupling renewable energy with desalination not only significantly reduces carbon emissions but also enhances the sustainability of water supply systems. The study also emphasizes the importance of emerging technologies, such as hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) and machine learning (ML), in optimizing RES powered desalination processes. Ultimately, this study aims to guide future research and development initiatives, promoting the global adoption of desalination systems powered by renewable energy.
Quaternion Spin: Structure and Properties
Authors: Sanctuary Bryan
Published: December 2024

Previously we extended the definition of spin 12 by including coherence in addition to the usual polarization. This followed after noting that the geometric product of two Pauli spin components has contributions from both a Pauli vector and a Pauli bivector, but the Dirac equation has no bivector. Introducing one complexifies the Dirac field, leading to the definition of helicity which is the complementary property to spin polarization. The resulting symmetry change leads to the resolution of the EPR paradox and disproves Bell’s Theorem. In this paper, we expand on the symmetry and parity arguments which support quaternion, or Q-spin. We relate it to Twistor theory, and discuss the implication on Dirac’s matter-antimatter production. We show that Q-spin has a number of similarities with a photon. We summarize the symmetry breaking where the classical domain bifurcates into complementary quantum domains of matter and torques.
Advances in Therapy of Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sucre Oscar , Pamulapati Saagar , Muzammil Zeeshan , Bitran Jacob
Published: December 2024

The landscape of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is dramatically changing. With very promising results seen with novel immunotherapeutics in the setting of relapsed and refractory disease, the prospect of using these agents in first line therapy has prompted the development of multiple clinical trials addressing this question.  This review seeks to outline and expand the current standard of care, as well as new advances, in the treatment of adult patients with ALL, and addressing future areas of research. We expect the frontline integration of immuno-oncology agents such as bispecific T cell engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells  may maintain or improve outcomes in adults while also minimizing toxicity. Treatment of ALL will continue to evolve as we focus on personalized patient centered approaches.
Morphological and Transcriptome Analysis of the Near-Threatened Orchid Habenaria radiata with Petals Shaped like a Flying White Bird
Authors: Takeda Seiji , Nishikawa Yuki , Tachibana Tsutomu , Higaki Takumi , Sakamoto Tomoaki , Kimura Seisuke
Published: December 2024

Orchids have evolved flowers with unique morphologies through coevolution with pollinators, such as insects. Among the floral organs, the lip (labellum), one of the three petals, exhibits a distinctive shape and plays a crucial role in attracting pollinators and facilitating pollination in many orchids. The lip of the terrestrial orchid Habenaria radiata is shaped like a flying white bird and is believed to attract and provide a platform for nectar-feeding pollinators, such as hawk moths. To elucidate the mechanism of lip morphogenesis, we conducted time-lapse imaging of blooming flowers to observe the extension process of the lip and analyzed the cellular morphology during the generation of serrations. We found that the wing part of the lip folds inward in the bud and fully expands within two hours after blooming. The serrations of the lip were initially formed through cell division and later deepened through polar cell elongation. Transcriptome analysis of floral buds revealed the expression of genes involved in floral organ development, cell division, and meiosis. Additionally, genes involved in serration formation are also expressed in floral buds. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the formation of the unique lip morphology in Habenaria radiata.
Exploring Emotional, Restrained, and External Eating Behaviors: Impacts on Energy and Nutrient Intakes Among Korean Adults
Authors: Heo Young-Ran , Ryu Geum-Bi
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the levels of emotional, restrained, and external eating behaviors (EBs) among adults, categorize them, and analyze their energy and nutrient intake. A self-reported survey was administered to 522 Korean adults aged 19–64 years to evaluate their emotional, re-strained, and external EBs. They were categorized into five types: Non-specific (NS), Emotional (Emo), Restrained (Res), External (Ext), and Combined(Com) EB types. Subsequently, energy intake, intake ratios and levels, and vitamin and mineral intakes were compared after adjusting for sex and age. The Ext type exhibited a higher energy intake than the Res type. Notably, both the Ext and Com types had higher proportions of excessive energy intake, while the NS and Res types displayed higher proportions of insufficient energy intake. The Emo type yielded a high ratio of lipid intake, while the Com type exhibited high ratios of both lipid and protein intakes. Furthermore, the Res type demonstrated lower vitamin E, niacin, and potassium intakes than the other types. Since energy and certain nutrient intakes varied according to EB type, further research on EB may provide an approach to nutritional issues.
Enhancing Gut Microbiome Using Innovative Supplements
Authors: Chopra Sunil , Dahiya Vandana , Pandey Ramendra , Saini Anu
Published: December 2024

Metabolic syndrome is a complex, multifactorial disorder, with emerging research emphasizing the significant role of gut health in its prevention and management. Recent studies suggest that dietary strategies promoting a healthy gut microbiome, including the incorporation of fibre, fermented foods, and healthy fats, are crucial for regulating metabolism. Additionally, the use of postbiotics and supplements such as probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and polyphenols provides promising avenues for enhancing metabolic health. This holistic approach to managing metabolic syndrome not only supports gut health but also offers the potential for improving long-term health outcomes. In this chapter, we try to understand the gut microbiome's influence on metabolism deepens; these innovative interventions will play an increasingly vital role in combating metabolic syndrome.
Who Holds the Creative Edge? Human or AI
Authors: Tow Hannah , Lao Samuel , Bodapati Pragyaa , Avadhani Urvi , Vashist Nishka , Basavaraju Manas , Jahanikia Sahar
Published: December 2024

Creativity has been widely regarded throughout history to be unique to humanity alone. However, the recent rise of sophisticated generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, with profound applications across limitless fields, poses the question of whether AI has gained the potential to aid humans in creative endeavors. Our study investigates this novel question by assessing the creative capabilities of human participants as compared to various large language models specifically prompted to impersonate each participant. Using objective measures such as the AUT, TTCT, and RAT, we determine if AI can be of assistance to humans in regard to creativity.
A New Perspective on Aqueous Humor Circulation-Retina Is a Leading Actor: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ueki Satoshi , Suzuki Yuji
Published: December 2024

Ocular aqueous humor plays an important role in maintaining retinal function. Recent findings indicate that aqueous humor flowing into the vitreous body is probably absorbed by Müller cells in the retina, and the process is mediated by aquaporin-4. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results of studies on classical aqueous humor circulation and postiridial flow, a pathway proposed in the late 1980s for the inflow of aqueous humor into the vitreous body. We also aimed to discuss the retinal glymphatic pathway, inferred from the recent findings, focusing on the anatomical location of aquaporins and barriers that regulate water movement within the tissue. The function of the retinal glymphatic pathway may decline with age, similar to cerebral glymphatic flow, a phenomenon supported by recent findings. In this review, we discussed age-related ocular diseases that might be associated with dysfunction of the retinal glymphatic pathway.
RNN-Based Models for Predicting Seizure Onset in Epileptic Patients
Authors: Mounagurusamy Mathan Kumar , V S Thiyagarajan , Rahman Abdur , Chandak Shravan , Balaji D , Jallepalli Venkateswara Rao
Published: December 2024

Early management and better clinical outcomes for epileptic patients depend on seizure prediction. The accuracy and false alarm rates of existing systems are often compromised by their dependence on static thresholds and basic Electroencephalogram (EEG) properties. A novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based method for seizure start prediction is proposed in the article to overcome these limitations. As opposed to conventional techniques, the proposed system makes use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to extract temporal correlations from unprocessed EEG data. It enables the system to adapt dynamically to the unique EEG patterns of each patient, improving prediction accuracy. The methodology of the system comprises thorough data collecting, preprocessing, and LSTM-based feature extraction. Annotated EEG datasets are then used for model training and validation. Results show a considerable reduction in false alarm rates (average of 6.8%) and an improvement in prediction accuracy (90.2% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, and AUC-ROC of 93). Additionally, computational efficiency is significantly higher than that of existing systems (12 ms processing time, 45 MB memory consumption). About improving seizure prediction reliability, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RNN-based strategy, opening up possibilities for its practical application to improve epilepsy treatment.
The Influence of Water Vapor and Module Modes on the Membrane-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Miroshnichenko Daria , Shalygin Maxim , Bazhenov Stepan
Published: December 2024

Despite the development of nuclear and alternative energy, thermal power plants operating by burning fossil fuels (coal, petroleum products or natural gas) will retain a significant share in the energy balance for a long time. In this regard, it is of particular interest to reduce CO2 emissions from the combustion of organic fuels through its capture and subsequent use or burial. In our work, mathematical modeling of the two-stage process of membrane extraction of CO2 from the flue gases of a thermal power plant was carried out, taking into account the presence of water vapor and various operating modes of the membrane module. We used commercially available polymer membranes for gas separation in our simulations. The calculations showed: Taking into account the presence of water vapor makes it possible to reduce the required membrane area by 1.6 times; For the degree of CO2 extraction < 80% in one stage, cross-flow and counter-current modes provide equal indicators for the required membrane area, and the co-current mode turns out to be less advantageous already with a degree of CO2 extraction > 60%. In this regard, in the area of low CO2 extraction values at the first stage, any flow organization mode in the membrane module can be selected, and in the high area, a counter-current has a slight advantage over the cross-flow mode; An optimal combination of membrane areas in the first and second stages is shown to achieve the maximum CO2 concentration in the product stream; Polaris Gen-2 membranes provide the best performance after two-stage separation: the CO2 content in the product stream was > 85 mol% and > 90 mol% with a total recovery rate of 80 and 50%, respectively; PolyActive and PPO membranes provide equal indicators for the CO2 content in the product stream, but in the use of PolyActive, the required membrane area is 2.3 times less.
How Significant Is the Weight of Nurses' Prejudice? Attitudes and Behaviors of These Professionals Toward Patients with Obesity: A Review
Authors: Arvelo-Rodríguez Yaiza-María , Marrero-González Cristo-Manuel , García-Hernández Alfonso-Miguel
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of people with obesity is increasing worldwide, facing challenges in terms of discrimination and prejudice across all settings, including health care. The objective of this review is to compare and synthesize recent scientific literature regarding nurses' behaviors and attitudes toward patients with obesity. A systematic methodology was employed, conducting a literature search of studies published in the past five years in the bibliographic resources Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, and Scopus; using specific terms combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. The focus was placed on studies involving nurses and/or nursing students. Initially, the search yielded 166 articles, of which 14 were included in this review. Critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were used to evaluate the included studies, and their level of evidence was also determined. The findings can be categorized into two main areas: studies investigating interventions aimed at reducing negative behaviors related to weight bias and prejudice, and studies focusing on assessing these attitudes. The evidence points in a consistent direction: nurses exhibit negative attitudes toward patients with obesity. The need for strategies to address this challenge is highlighted, alongside the development of research that complements the current evidence with a deeper and more detailed understanding of this phenomenon.
Optimizing Methane Oxidative Coupling over La2O3: Kinetic and Product Analysis
Authors: Qiu Zhehao , Cai Yulu
Published: December 2024

The Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) is a promising process for converting methane directly into more valuable ethane and ethylene. In this work, high-time-resolution online mass spectrometry was employed to track the OCM reaction over a commercial La2O3 catalyst, focusing on the effects of methane to oxygen ratio, Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV), and the presence of H2O and CO in the feed gas on methane conversion and C2 yield. The results demonstrated that an optimized GHSV (44640 to 93000 mL·g−1·h−1) and methane to oxygen ratio (CH4/O2= 3) would achieve the highest methane conversion and C2 yield at 740 °C. Furthermore, the introduction of 1% H2O into the reaction mixture resulted in a twofold increase in C2 yield at 650 °C, while the addition of 1% CO led to a threefold increase in C2 yield at 550 °C. A model in which only the front-end catalyst is active was also developed to show excellent agreement with the experimental data. The relationship between catalytic performance and the effective catalyst position in the catalyst bed provides important insights into optimizing reactor design and operating conditions to maximize C2 yield and selectivity in the OCM reaction.
Disentangling Taxonomic Complexity in the Native Range: Morphological and Genetic Differentiation Among Subspecies of Taeniatherum caput-medusae
Authors: Hinkle Morgan Lindsey , Sforza René F. H. , Smith James Foley , Serpe Marcelo Daniel , Novak Stephen John
Published: December 2024

The timely and accurate identification of invasive species is a critical first step in recognizing and managing the threats that they present in their new habitats. The accurate identification of an invasive species, however, can prove difficult if that species displays taxonomic complexity in its native range, i.e. consists of multiple, morphologically similar subspecies. Across its native range, the grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) exhibits taxonomic complexity: three subspecies have been recognized. As part of ongoing research to better understand and manage the invasion of T. caput-medusae in the western United States, the accurate identification of these three subspecies is a requisite first step. Plants from each native population were grown in a greenhouse common garden, harvested at maturity, and measured using five previously described morphological characters. Three characters, glume length, glume angle, and palea length, were found to be statistically significant, and are diagnostic in differentiating the three subspecies. Two other characters were less informative. Genetic differentiation among native populations of T. caput-medusae was further assessed using a molecular marker, allozymes. The results of a UPGMA cluster diagram based on allozyme data, indicates that subspecies crinitum is genetically differentiated from the other two, some populations of subspecies caput-medusae and asperum co-occur within a cluster, and subspecies asperum is the most variable. Results of the analysis of multilocus genotypes are generally consistent with the UPGMA diagram (e.g., subspecies caput-medusae and asperum share six multilocus genotypes). Our findings confirm the need to better understand the taxonomic complexity that can be found in the native range of invasive species.
Deterioration of White Tempera Mock-Ups Paints Under a SO2-Rich Atmosphere
Authors: Rivas Teresa , Pozo-Antonio José Santiago , Jiménez-Desmond Daniel , Dionísio Amelia , Cardell Carolina
Published: December 2024

Historical tempera paints exposed to pollutant gases suffer chemical and mineralogical deterio-ration which manifest through physical changes. Knowledge about these changes is fundamental to develop strategies for preventive conservation of wall paintings. In this research, binary tem-pera mock-ups composed of calcite, gypsum or lead white mixed with a proteinaceous binder (i.e., egg yolk or rabbit glue) were exposed to an ageing test by SO2-rich atmosphere exposure to learn about the degradation mechanisms and forms related to the pigment-binder interaction. Reference (unaltered) and aged mock-ups were studied from a physical point of view, characterizing the morphological changes by stereomicroscope and profilometry, colour variations by spectropho-tometry, gloss changes, and reflectance changes by hyperspectral camera. Also, mineralogical and chemical changes were studied by means of x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spec-troscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.
Egg yolk-based paints showed higher chromatic changes than their counterparts made of rabbit glue binder. Also, sulphate and sulphite salts precipitated on the surface of the aged paints re-gardless of their binder, influencing the painting reflectance which subsequently increased. Egg yolk-based mock-ups exhibited roughness increases while the rabbit glue-based paints showed roughness reduction, with exception of lead white-based paints. Therefore, an important influence of the type of binder and the interaction between the binder and the pigment on the durability of tempera paints in atmospheres rich in SO2 was confirmed.
The Role of Indian Languages in Promoting Indian Arts
Authors: Veturi Dr.V.V.Padmaja
Published: December 2024

The vibrant cultural heritage of India is deeply embedded in its linguistic diversity, with over 22 officially recognized languages and several hundred dialects spoken across the country. These languages have been instrumental in promoting various forms of Indian arts, whether traditional or contemporary, by serving as vehicles for communication, preservation, and innovation. This paper explores the crucial role of Indian languages in the dissemination, preservation, and promotion of Indian arts, focusing on the last five years (2018-2023). The discussion covers music, dance, theatre, literature, and visual arts, with a particular emphasis on how language fosters cultural expression and helps bridge gaps between regional and global audiences. It also examines the challenges and opportunities presented by the interplay between language and art in the modern digital era.
EFFECT OF CONTENT BALANCING ON MEASUREMENT PRECISION IN COMPUTER ADAPTIVE TESTING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Üçgül Öcal İlkay , Doğan Nuri
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of content balancing, which involves equal and different weighting of content areas in dichotomous items in computerized adaptive testing (CAT), on measurement precision under different measurement conditions. Conducted as a simulation study, small sample sizes were set at 250, while large sample sizes comprised 500 individuals. The ability parameters of the individuals forming the sample were generated to display a normal distribution within the range of -3 to +3 for each sample. Using the three-parameter logistic (3PL) item response model, a pool of 750 items spanning five different content areas was developed for dichotomous items. The study considered different sample sizes, ability estimation methods (Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Expected a Posteriori), and termination rules (20 items, 60 items, and SE≤.30) as significant factors in the CAT algorithm for examining the effect of content balancing. For each CAT application, measurement precision was assessed by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE), bias, and fidelity coefficients, and these were analysed comparatively. The results showed that bias values were close to zero under all conditions. RMSE values were lowest when the test was terminated at 60 items across all conditions, while standard error termination rules and situations where the test terminated at 20 items produced similar values. Considering all conditions, the highest fidelity coefficient was observed when the test terminated at 60 items. The fidelity coefficient did not vary significantly with other variables. Implementing content balancing in conditions using different ability estimation methods increased the average number of items by approximately one item. While the average number of items in the test slightly increased with content balancing, measurement precision was maintained. Overall, the maximum item exposure rate decreased with content balancing when content areas were weighted equally, whereas it increased when they were weighted disproportionately.
A Review of Wearable Antennas for 5G and Body-Centric Wireless Communication
Authors: Kale Suhas R. , Patil Dipak P.
Published: December 2024

Wearable antennas for body-centric wireless communications have become very popular recently. Wearable antennas are body worn as a part of clothing on the human body and enable hands-free operation, which should also be comfortable. The latest 5G wireless technology has many advantages over 4G like high data transmission rate, low latency, etc. With the help of advanced and innovative technologies, wearable antennas can be developed using various materials. This paper presents a detailed review of the application of wearable antennas designed specifically for 5G and body-centric wireless communications. It also presents the selection of materials for the antennas and different fabrication techniques. The paper also looks at the bending of antennas at different radii and analyzes its impact on durability.
Electronic Shooting Simulator Family "STrIzh": Research of Mathematical Models on Target Point Determiners of Entry and Basic Levels
Authors: Egorov S. F.
Published: December 2024

Development of rifle electronic simulators (i. e. for hand weapons and not using ammunition) is an important task since the production of any type of small arms, according to regulatory documents, requires also production of a simulator to instill aiming and firing skills. The developing family of electronic shooting simulators "STrIzh" includes three publicly available levels for self assembly: initial, basic and virtual. Structural diagrams of aiming point’s recorders of initial and basic levels are presented and studies of their mathematical models with estimation of errors are carried out. Ability to self assemble a shooting simulator from publicly available components (laptop, webcam, weapon layouts, IR LEDs, projector, lasers, HD-camera) contributes to their widespread use. Such use is based on the program exercise support under development and methods of assembling and adjusting the targeting point recorders and weapon simulators. Studies of recorders for the error in determining of the aiming point showed acceptable accuracy and manufacturability of mathematical models’ calibration with the ability to take this error into account in the simulated ballistic dispersion of ammunition. Possibility of registration speed increasing and possible approaches for increasing of the accuracy and fixation of the pile and the distance to the workplace with the possibility of recalculating the angular dimensions of the target situation to the real one were investigated also. The simulator family’s software algorithm should fully support the initial and basic levels of implementation with various training equipment configurations and include a multimedia shooting training system. For the virtual level of the simulator (a virtual reality helmet on a smartphone and a weapon’s layout with a smartphone), one needs to develop his own software (it will be discussed in the next articles).
Competing all-pairs shortest paths algorithms for sparse / dense graphs: implementation and comparison
Authors: Prihozhy A. A. , Karasik O. N.
Published: December 2024

In this paper we consider two families of competing algorithms for finding the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices (APSP) in directed weighted large graphs with different edge densities: Dijkstra and Floyd-Warshall. For comparison, we have taken Dijkstra's algorithm with dynamically varying binary heap, which solves the APSP prob-lem purely in parallel by repeatedly executing on all vertices of the graph considered as source vertices, and we have taken blocked Floyd-Warshall algorithm, which is also well-parallelizable. It is known that in terms of computational complexity, the first algorithm is preferable on sparse graphs and the second algorithm is preferable on dense graphs. At the same time, it is not clear what are the ranges of graph densities at which the first algorithm will consume less CPU time than the second algorithm. This paper describes multithreaded implementations of parallel algorithms on multicore processors that make different usage of synchronization primitives such as mutex, conditional variable, lock-ing, and atomic operation. By conducting computational experiments on an 8-core Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10700 CPU @ 2.90GHz, we found that each algorithm has a preferred graph density. In the case of multi-threaded parallel imple-mentation, the blocked Floyd-Warshall algorithm has lower running time than Dijkstra's algorithm if the graph densi-ty is greater than 0.5. Otherwise, Dijkstra's algorithm runs faster. In the case of single-threaded implementation, the split point is 0.43.
Assessment of solar panel contamination via its image in Libya climate
Authors: Albagoush A. A. , Kupriyanov A. B.
Published: December 2024

Modern solar power plants are usually built in deserts, in conditions of lack of water and a lot of dust. Dustiness of solar panels leads to a decrease in their efficiency, and cleaning the panels from dust is an energy consuming operation. The article discusses an approach to assessing the degree of contamination of a panel and making a decision about the need to clean it based on analysis of the panel image. An algorithm for making a cleaning decision is presented, a software application for assessing the degree of contamination of the panel is described, and the results of an experimental test of the created application are presented.
Establishing A Personal Data Protection Agency for E-Commerce in Indonesia
Authors: Nuzul Sa'adah Bilqis Laila , Sukarmi Sukarmi , Dewantara Reka
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has led to a significant increase in the collection and processing of personal data, raising concerns regarding data security and privacy rights. This study analyzes the urgency of establishing a Personal Data Protection Agency (LPDP) specifically for e-commerce users in Indonesia, considering the increasing risks to personal data in the digital marketplace. This research focuses on addressing the limitations of the current legal framework, particularly the gaps in the Indonesian Personal Data Protection Law (UU No. 27 of 2022), and proposes an independent body with clear authority to regulate, monitor, and enforce data protection standards. This study employs a qualitative approach using normative legal analysis to evaluate existing regulations and assess the evolving needs of the e-commerce sector. The findings suggest that the absence of detailed implementation regulations and lack of a specific regulatory body create significant legal uncertainties, exposing users to potential data breaches. Establishing the LPDP is expected to strengthen data protection measures, enhance consumer trust, and provide legal certainty in Indonesia's digital economy. The proposed structure of the LPDP includes directorates for policy and regulation, supervision and audits, law enforcement, and public education and awareness. The implementation of effective personal data protection policies requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach, with the LPDP having sufficient authority and resources to perform its duties. This study highlights the importance of establishing an independent regulatory body to ensure the protection of personal data and privacy rights in Indonesia's rapidly expanding e-commerce sector.
The Grey Areas
Authors: Nabila Selma , Widhiyanti Hanif Nur , Wisnuwardhani Diah Aju
Published: December 2024

This study examines the legal responsibilities and protections for notaries supervising interns in Indonesia, focusing on potential violations and the challenges posed by the differing legal statuses of interns and permanent staff. Employing a normative juridical method with statute and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes Article 16A of Law Number 2 of 2014 on Notary Position, which mandates supervisory duties for notaries but lacks clarity on liability boundaries. The absence of detailed regulations exposes notaries to legal and reputational risks as they may face litigation for interns' misconduct. Inconsistent internship practices across notarial offices further complicates this issue. This study highlights practical challenges, such as managing interns' access to sensitive client information and maintaining confidentiality. These challenges are exacerbated by interns' status as trainees rather than employees, which limits the supervising notary's control and accountability. These findings underscore the need for explicit guidelines to protect notaries from unintended liability while ensuring effective mentorship. Recommendations include implementing specific regulations on supervision, mandatory ethics training for interns, and limited access to protocols. Collaboration with professional associations to establish best practices and maintain a balance between legal responsibilities and training quality is advised. This study contributes to the understanding of professional responsibility in the notarial profession and highlights the importance of clear legal frameworks to support supervisors and maintain public trust.
The Natural Cooperatives in The Muslim World
Authors: Javaid Omar
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the structure and socioeconomic roles of traditional entrepreneurial communities in the Muslim world by comparing them with modern cooperative models. Unlike Western cooperatives, which emerged to counter market-induced social disintegration, Muslim communities have sustained themselves through kinship networks, shared values, and voluntary socioeconomic justice. These communities exhibit key characteristics aligned with cooperative aims, including family-business integration, mutual financial support, job creation, and community well-being. However, contemporary research on these communities is limited and often outdated, in contrast to extensive studies on ethnic entrepreneurship in non-Muslim contexts. This study advocates for more exploratory research to understand how Muslim entrepreneurial communities maintain social integration, distributive justice, and Islamic values in their socioeconomic frameworks. It proposes research questions on community organization, economic contributions, welfare mechanisms, and modernization impacts, offering a roadmap for future research to inform policies and community development. By examining the resilience and adaptability of these communities, this study aims to enhance the understanding of Islamic socioeconomic models and their contemporary relevance. These findings highlight the distinctive features of these communities as naturally occurring cooperatives, reflecting their unique cultural, religious, and social contexts. This research advances theoretical discussions in Islamic economics, economic sociology, and cooperative studies, while offering insights into fostering economic inclusivity and social cohesion in diverse settings.
WITHDRAWN: CGRA Implementation of HEVC Decoder Using Predictable Context Directed Pattern Matching With Efficient and Flexible Memory Architecture
Authors: Munaf S. , Bharathi A. , Jayanthi A. N.
Published: December 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Role Of Occupational Factors in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: A Single-Center Real-World Data Study
Authors: Aliyeva Aynur , Sari Elif
Published: December 2024

Background: This research explores the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among ENT clinic patients and the related factors. We aim to assess the prevalence of NIHL, examine noise-exposed workers' characteristics, and identify factors causing high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL).
Methods: 160 workers were divided into two groups based on noise exposure duration: less than five years and over five years. We compared hearing thresholds, demographics, hearing aid usage, and preventive measures between these groups. Audiometric evaluations gauged hearing levels at various frequencies. Demographic data, including age, gender, education, and smoking habits, were collected.
Results: Most participants were male (84.4%) and under 40 (63.1%). 44.4% had worked over 5 years, 29.4% used hearing aids, and 51.9% had tinnitus. Audiometry showed increased hearing thresholds at higher frequencies, especially 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 8 kHz. Regression showed tinnitus and longer job durations as significant predictors of NIHL.
Conclusion: The study reveals the vulnerability of noise-exposed workers to HFHL. Tinnitus is a primary predictor, and long job durations also affect hearing. The findings underscore the importance of hearing conservation, especially for workers with tinnitus and prolonged noise exposure.
Do cats have 9 lives? Successful treatment and long follow-up of a young cat with FIP and renal lymphoma
Authors: Beekhuis Ilse , Serrano Goncalos , Almendros Angel , Giuliano Antonio
Published: December 2024

A 3.9-year-old male neutered cat presented with hyporexia and lethargy present for a few days. An abdominal mass was palpated on clinical examination and confirmed to be a renal mass on a computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates were performed, and cytological evaluation revealed a large-cell renal lymphoma. A modified COP protocol with the addition of vinblastine (COVP protocol) was started resulting in a complete response. Twenty weeks after starting chemotherapy, the cat developed, anorexia, fever, and pleural effusion. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was diagnosed based on a positive RT RNA PCR test from the pleural effusion. Subcutaneous GS441524 administration led to FIP resolution. The cat did not receive any further treatment for both FIP and lymphoma and almost 5 years after the diagnosis of renal lymphoma, the cat is still alive and in remission of lymphoma and FIP.
Effects of two-year adapted physical exercise program and nutritional counselling on cardio-sarcopenia syndrome in older adults with low muscle function
Authors: Pelà Giovanna , Tagliaferri Sara , Adorni Elisa , Aiello Marina , Salvi Marco , Zucchini Irene , Calvani Riccardo , Marzetti Emanuele , Lauretani Fulvio , Niccoli Giampaolo , Maggio Marcello
Published: December 2024

Purpose Frail and sarcopenic older individuals are high-risk population of cardiovascular events requiring multidomain intervention. The cross-talk between cardiac and skeletal muscle mass is crucial to maintain physical independence in this specific population.
The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a selected sample of frail and sarcopenic older adults, the influence of two-year exercise program and nutritional counseling (MCI group) compared to lifestyle education (HALE group) on echocardiographic parameters and on the relationship between cardiac and skeletal muscle mass.
Methods One-hundred subjects, among those enrolled in the SPRINTT trial at Frailty Clinic of University-Hospital of Parma site, underwent cardiological examination as part of the ancillary protocol (CARDIOSPRINTT). 82 participants (46 MCI and 36 HALE) completed the protocol and attended the final visit after approximately 25 months.
Results We did not find not significant changes in the intervention group compared with HALE group. However, we captured the longitudinal effects of CV aging, including the reduction of left ventricular volume and an impairment of systolic and diastolic function of both ventricles. We found, as in the baseline, a significant relationship between LVM and SMM (r=0.571, p<0.001) suggesting the existence of cardiac muscle-skeletal muscle axis. This relationship was not independent of age, BMI or systolic blood pressure.
ConclusionOur findings suggest that among frail patients with different degree of mobility impairment a personalized exercise protocol is necessary to improve cardiac health and counteract the cardiovascular aging. The modulation of cardiac-muscle axis, is an intriguing target for preventing or delaying the cardio-sarcopenia.
Comparison of the physical characteristics of six commonly used plates in clear aligner therapy
Authors: Farhadian Nasrin , Miresmaeili Amirfarhang , Morovat Anahita , Alijani Sara , Babak Jaleh , Alafchi Behnaz
Published: December 2024

Objectives The study evaluated six commonly used thermoplastic materials for clear aligner therapy, focusing on their mechanical properties to identify suitable options for patient treatment.
Materials and Methods Bioart 0.75, Erkodur_al 0.8, Monoflex 0.8, Duran 0.625, Duran 0.75, and CA Pro 0.75 were selected. The three-point-bending tests in a range of 2.5 mm displacement under non-thermoformed, thermoformed, after 20 hours, and after 7 days of loaded conditions immersed in water performed. Water absorption and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy for chemical evaluation were measured. Plate thickness was assessed before and after thermoforming. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests.
Results FTIR-ATR analyses revealed similar spectral profiles for all materials. Monoflex exhibited the greatest variation in thickness post-thermoforming. Water absorption increased after thermoforming and immersion. Erkodur_al showed higher absorption at 20 hours and Duran 0.75 at 7 days. CA Pro 0.75 demonstrated superior long-term stability in elastic modulus and force compared to other aligners, while Duran 0.75 maintained greater force after 20 hours and 7 days at 0.25 mm displacement.
Conclusions The mechanical characteristics of thermoforming plates and the type of tooth movement are essential for selecting the right plastic material. CA Pro 0.75, with its lower force deflection rate and reduced elastic modulus, is ideal for reducing the number of aligners and increasing patient comfort.
Clinical Relevance By evaluating the physical properties of the plates, clinicians can select the most suitable plate for specific treatment objectives.