bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of light and temperature on the cell size and some biochemical components in two freshwater cryptophytes
Authors: Ojala Anne
Published: March 2008

The effects of light and temperature on cell size and cellular composition (chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate) of two freshwater cryptophytes were studied with batch cultures. Neither of the species had a constant cell size but the size varied with growth conditions. At each temperature the smallest cells were recorded at the lowest experimental photon flux density. The smallest cells of Cryptomonas 979/67 had an average volume of 232 μm3 and the largest ones 1 020 μm3. In Cryptomonas 979/62 the smallest and largest cells measured 4 306 μm3 and 12 450 μm3. Both species increased their cellular chlorophyll content when PFB dropped below 110–120 μmol m‐2 s‐1. The highest and lowest chlorophyll contents of 979/67 were 7.45 fg μm‐3 and 0.55 fg μm‐2 respectively. For 979/62 the corresponding values were 10.23 fg μm‐3 and 0.93 fg μm‐3. In both species the protein content remained stable at PFDs higher than 110–120 μmol m‐2 S‐1. The highest content of protein measured in 979/67 was 638 fg μm‐3 and the lowest 147 fg μm‐3. For 979/62 these values were 1 036 fg μm‐3 and 148 fg μm‐3 respectively. The carbohydrate results were less clear and no pattern either in response to photon flux density or temperature was obvious. The lowest and highest contents recorded for 979/67 were 62 fg μm‐3 and 409 fg μ‐3 and for 979162, 36 fg μm‐3 and 329 fg μm‐3
Silica‐scaled Chrysophytes from Portugal
Authors: Santos Lilia M. A. , Leedale Gordon F.
Published: March 2008

Phytoplankton samples from lakes, reservoirs and ponds in Central Portugal were obtained and the scale‐bearing chrysophytes investigated by electron microscopy. This is the first study on the occurrence and distribution of these organisms in Portugal and in the Iberian Peninsula as a whole. It reports the presence of 23 species of the genera Chrysosphaerella, Paraphysomonas, Spiniferomonas, Mallomonas and Synura. Most of the species found are of worldwide distribution but a few rare organisms were present in some samples. To conclude, the perspectives of future research in Portugal are briefly outlined.
Nomenclatural notes on Persicaria
Authors: Ekman Stefan , Knutsson Tommy
Published: March 2008

The following names are lectotypified: Polygonum amphibium, P. foliosum, P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium ssp. leptocladum, P. pallidum and P. persicaria, Polygonum persicaria var. incana is neotypified. Polygonum ruderale is a superfluous nomenclatural synonym of P. persicaria. The following new combinations are made: Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. pallida, P. lapathifolia var. incana and P. lapathifolia var. linicola. The nomenclature of H. B. Danser's early works is discussed.

Flora Nordica Notes no. 8.
Pericarp structure and phylogeny of Lamiaceae subfamily Pogostemonoideae
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

The pericarp structure has been investigated in 11 species representing the genera of the subfamily Pogostemonoideae (emend. Cantino et al. 1992): Anisomeles, Colebrookea, Comanthosphace, Leucosceptrum, Pogostemon and Rostrinucula. The pericarp structure of Anisomeles, Colebrookea and Pogostemon have been found to resemble that of the subfamilies Lamioideae or Nepetoideae. The three related genera, Comanthosphace, Leucosceptrum and Rostrinucula have been found to have a divergent type of pericarp, which lacks sclerenchyma and has druses and a type of cells with scalariform secondary thickenings in the mesocarp. The three genera are suggested to be extraneous in Pogostemonoideae and their systematic position is uncertain.
Rinodina canariensis (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae), a new species parasitic on crustose lichens in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean region
Authors: Matzer M. , Mayrhofer H. , Sattler J. , Clerc Ph.
Published: March 2008

A new species, Rinodina canariensis (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae), is described. It usually grows parasitically on saxicolous crustose lichens in Macaronesia and in the Mediterranean region. It is well characterized chemically by the presence of gyrophoric acid. The characters of the new species are compared with those of other taxa of the genus Rinodina containing gyrophoric acid. Rinodina alba and R. atrocinerea are reported from the island of Madeira for the first time. A short survey of lichen‐parasitic species of Rinodina is given.
Studies in the lichen family Collemataceae VII. Two new tropical Collema species
Authors: Degelius Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Two new Collema species are described, C. chimbuense from Papua New Guinea and C. scabrum from Ecuador, both with interesting morphological characters.
Cladistic analysis of Enkianthus with notes on the early diversification of the Ericaceae
Authors: Anderberg Arne A.
Published: March 2008

The genus Enkianthus (Ericaceae) has been subject to a cladistic analysis of morphological, anatomical, embryological, and cytological data, using two species of Clethra as outgroup. In order to evaluate the monophyly of Enkianthus, the genera Epigaea and Phyllodoce from the subfamily Rhododendroideae, and the genus Andromeda from the subfamily Vaccinioideae were also included in an initial analysis which yielded 20 equally parsimonious cladograms. The results indicated that Enkianthus is monophyletic, and a subsequent analysis with only the outgroup taxa and 14 species of Enkianthus yielded two equally parsimonious cladograms with a more resolved topology. In order to obtain strictly monophyletic taxa, the current subgeneric classification of Enkianthus is revised, recognizing four sections: Enkianthus (9 spp.), Andromedina (2 spp.), Meisteria (2 spp.), and Enkiantella (4 spp.). The paper provides a key, illustrations of representative taxa, a cladogram, and strict consensus trees.
The morphology and generic position of Australian Kailarsenia (Rubiaceae: Gardenieae)
Authors: Puttock Christopher F.
Published: March 2008

The characters that define the genusKailarsenia(Rubiaceae), namely the stipule morphology, seed‐coat perimeter thickening and colporate pollen, are entirely consistent with the morphology of three Australian species placed in that genus. A preliminary cladistic analysis of the genus indicates that the Queensland speciesK. ochreataandK. jardineiare more closely related to the BorneanK. campanulathan toK. suffruticosaan endemic of the Northern Territory, Australia.Kailarsenia suffruticosahas its affinities with the type of the genusK. tentaculataandK. lineataof tropical Asia. The recently described genus,Larsenaikiais reduced to synonomy.
Exine development in Nymphaea colorata (Nymphaeaceae)
Authors: Gabarayeva Nina I. , Rowley John R.
Published: March 2008

We show a sequence of developmental events in microspores and tapetal cells inNymphaea coloratabased upon transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations. There are parallel cytoplasmic processes and surface coatings in microspores and tapetal cells. Uptake is indicated by the passage of lanthanum as a tracer from anther locule into the microspore cytoplasm and by the condition of the cytoplasmic surface of microspores. The callose envelope is not a barrier to transfer of lanthanum. During formation of the proexine glycocalyx tiny spiral elements, components of the exine substructural units, were oriented in different directions in the surface coating of microspores and tapetum. Lipoidal globules are associated with the spiral elements. After the uniform proexine stage, three regions of different exine structure and their gradations become differentiated in the sporoderm: 1) a proximal region with thick tectum and foot layer, thin columellae and a compact layer of lamellated endexine; 2) a distal pole region with separately disposed endexine lamellae; and 3) an equatorial encircling‐sulcate aperture region which consists of infratectal layer, foot layer, and endexine lamellae. Based upon the presence of structurally comparable surface coats in microspores and tapetal cells, experimental uptake of lanthanum nitrate, and the co‐ordinated processes in tapetum and microspores, we conclude that there is probably a reciprocal controlling influence between the microspores and the tapetum and other sporophytic tissues.
Intergeneric hybridizations with Eremopyrum (Poaceae)
Authors: Frederiksen S. , von Bothmer R.
Published: March 2008

Intergeneric crosses were made between the four species of Eremopyrum (2n = 14, 28) and 16 species (2n = 14, 28, 42) from 8 genera of the Triticeae. Seed set was obtained in 22 of 42 different combinations. Only 9 resulted in progeny and only one was diploid. The hybrids were morphologically intermediate between the parents and it has been confirmed that perenniality dominates over annuality. The very low pollen fertility of the hybrids was caused by very low chromosome pairing in meiosis and supports the uniqueness of the Eremopyrum genome. Autosyndesis between the chromosomes of E. orientale is proposed and for that reason reevaluation of the relationships within Eremopyrum is needed.
A new species of Brachysiphon (Penaeaceae) from the Southern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Rourke J. P.
Published: March 2008

A new chasmophitic species of Brachysiphon, B. microphyllum from the dry interior mountain ranges of the Southern Cape is described.
A new subspecies of Linum gyaricum (Linaceae) from Greece
Authors: Christodoulakis D.
Published: March 2008

Christodoulakis, D. 1995. A new subspecies of Linum gyaricum (Linaceae) from Greece. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 145–147. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

A new subspecies, Linum gyaricum ssp. icaricum from Ikaria island (E Aegean, Greece), is described and illustrated.
A new species of Globba (Zingiberaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Halijah , Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Ibrahim, H. & Larsen, K. 1995. A new species of Globba (Zingiberaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. ‐ Nod. J. Bot. 15: 157–159. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Globba nawawii from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is described, illustrated and compared with its nearest allies, G. corneri and G. unifolia.
Two new species of the genus Pelexia (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae) from South America
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L.
Published: March 2008

Szlachetko, D. L. 1995. Two new species of the genus Pelexia (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae) from South America. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 173–175. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Pelexia sheviakii and Pelexia collocaliae are described as new species from Ecuador and Paraguay respectively. Pelexia sheviakii differs from Pelexia bonariensis and any other species related by its lip form, which is rhomboid, has no constriction, and with basal lip thickenings produced on upper surface of claw. The most characteristic features of Pelexia collocaliae are U‐shaped callus at apices of petals, erect flowers, straight lateral sepals and narrow lip with two small calli near isthmus.
Euphorbia applanata sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Yemen, with a note on E. quaitensis
Authors: Thulin Mats , Al‐Gifri Abdul Nasser
Published: March 2008

Thulin, M. & Al‐Gifri, A. N. 1995. Euphorbia applanata sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Yemen, with a note on E. quaitensis. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 193–195. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The new species Euphorbia applanata, from limestone rocks in the Hadramaut Region in southern Yemen, is described and illustrated. The closely related E. quaitensis is recorded from a new locality in Hadramaut, and descriptions of its capsules and seeds are provided.
Tremelloid haustorial cells with haustorial filaments and potential host range of Tremella mesenterica
Authors: Zugmaier Walter , Oberwinkler Franz
Published: March 2008

Zugmaier, W. & Oberwinkler, F. 1995. Tremelloid haustorial cells with haustorial and potential host ranges of Tremella mesenterica. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 207–213. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

In vitro and in vivo haustorial cells of Tremella mesenterica, consisting of a subglobose basal part with one or more thread‐like haustorial filaments, were examined using light and electron microscopy. The haustorial cells developed from clamp connections of hyphal septa or intercalarily. Mostly such haustorial cells were monokaryotic, but in a few cases also dikaryotic haustorial cells were observed. In vitro, the host range of Tremella mesenterica was tested with the corticiaceous homobasidiomycetes Peniophora erikssonii, P. quercina and Phanerochaete eremea. The in vitro interaction of Tremella mesenterica with all these fungi was principally the same as in vivo with Peniophora laeta. A single micropore connected the cytoplasm of the haustorial filament with that of the respective host cell. The pore domain at the host side was delimited by curved ER cisternae only in Peniophora quercina, but not in Peniophora erikssonii and Phanerochaete cremea.
Rubus vestervicensis (Rosaceae) — its hybrid origin revealed by DNA fingerprinting
Authors: Kraft Thomas , Nybom Hilde , Werlemark Gun
Published: March 2008

Kraft, T., Nybom, H. & Werlemark, G. 199.5. Rubus vestervicensis (Rosaceae) — its hybrid origin revealed by DNA fingerprinting. — Nord. 3. Bot. 1.5: 237–242. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107‐055X.

The large number of species in Rubus subgenus Rubus are thought to have arisen, at least in part, through hybridiation between facultatively apomictic species. R. vestervicensis is known only from a small island off the Swedish east coast. It has been suggested that it is a hybrid between R. grabowskii and R. pedemontanus. We have compared these species with DNA fingerprinting and our results support the hybridization hypothesis. All bands found in the fingerprint of R. grabowskii and about half of the bands found in R. pedemontanus were present in R. vestervicensis, suggesting that the latter species was derived from fertilization of an unreduced R. grabowskii egg cell with R. pedemontanus pollen.
Exotesta morphology of the Gardenieae — Gardeniinae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Persson Claes
Published: March 2008

Persson, C. 1995. Exotesta morphology of the Gardenieae‐Gardeniinae (Rubiaceae). ‐Nord. J. Bot. 15: 285–300. CGpenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Exotesta morphology of 68 species in 59 genera of the Gardeniinae were examined with the aid of scanning and light microscopy. The shape of the exotesta cells in surface is either isodiametrical or elongate and both shapes occur among New World and Old World genera. All genera, except forMonosalpinx, PosoqueriaandMacrosphyra, are provided with secondary thickenings in the cell walls of the exotesta. The majority of the genera has a thickened radial wall. In the Asian generaCatunaregam, Deccania, Tamilnadiaand the mainly Pacific genera,AtractocarpusandTrukiathickenings of the radial wall are very low or absent. In nearly half the genera the inner tangential wall is provided with thickenings, usually in the shape of a continuous plate. However, in four African genera,Atractogyne, Didymosalpinx, MitriostigmaandSherbournia, the wall is provided with elongate anastomosing ribs.Atractocarpusdiffers markedly from the rest of the Gardeniinae by its ring‐like thickenings in the inner tangential wall. Thickenings, in the shape of a continuous plate, in the outer tangential wall is restricted to three neotropical genera,Alibertia, AmaiouaandBorojoa. Presence of distinct knobs is common in palaeotropical genera, whereas in neotropical genera this feature is only present inCasasiaandKotchubaea. It is concluded that data on exotesta morphology alone does not support any of the previously proposed informal groups, but may still be an important character to deduce phylogenetic relationships, primarily on a level just above the genus.
Iphigenia socotrana sp. nov. (Colchicaceae), with a note on I. oliveri
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Thulin, M. 1995. Iphigenia socotrana sp. nov. (Colchicaceae), with a note on I. oliveri. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 403–405. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The new species Iphigenia socotrana, from limestone rocks along the northern escarpment of Socotra, is described and illustrated. I. somaliensis is lectotypified and reduced to a synonym of I. oliveri.
Pholidota pygmaea (Orchidaceae) — A new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Chowdhery H. J. , Pal G. D.
Published: March 2008

Chowdhery, H.J. & Pal, G.D. 1995. Pholidota pygmaea (Orchidaceae) — A new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 411–413. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

A new species of Pholidota, P. pygmaea from Arunachal Pradesh, India is described.
Stomatal myrosin cells in Caricaceae. Taxonomic implications for a glucosinolate‐containing family
Authors: Jørgensen Lise Bolt
Published: March 2008

Jørgensen, L. B. 1995. Stomatal myrosin cells in Caricaceae. Taxonomic implications for a glucosinolate‐containing family. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 523–540. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Stomatal myrosin cells are shown to be present in Carica goudotiana, C. papaya, C. guercifolia and Jarilla caudata of the Caricaceae. They are found in the epidermis of all green parts, viz. leaves, stems, and immature fruits, and also of cotyledons from germinating seeds. They are structurally the same as the stomatal myrosin cells in other glucosinolate‐ and myrosinase‐containing families, Resedaceae, Tovariaceae and Bata‐ceae, and comparable to the idioblastic myrosin cells from e.g. Brassicaceae and Capparaceae. The stomatal myrosin cells have vacuoles filled with proteinaceous material and cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum. During embryogenesis single adaxial epidermal cells of the cotyledons can be distinguished as myrosin cells, since their protein bodies are homogeneous and without globoids and become filled with protein earlier than the protein bodies with globoids present in the other epidermal cells or the mesophyll cells of the cotyledons. This is analogous to myrosin cells in embryos from Brassicaceae. In germinating seeds the single epidermal myrosin cells divide to form precursors of guard cells, thus turning into stomatal myrosin cells in the green cotyledons. The presence of myrosin cells supports a taxonomic treatment of Caricaceae together with the majority of the other glucosinolate‐containing families in the major glucosinolate clade.
The reappearance of Phalaenopsis lowii (Orchidaceae) in Thailand.
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Among the many species established on the basis of the collections by Parish during 1852–1884 in the neighbourhood of Moulmein about 15–20 taxa have not been found by later collectors and have had to be considered endemic there. After more than 100 years one of these, Phalaenopsis lowii has recently been recorded from the border between Burma and Thailand. A note is added on another of Parish's plants, Dendrobium chrysocrepis
A new species of Acacia (Leguminosae) from the Horn of Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats , Hassan Abdisalam S.
Published: March 2008

Acacia cernua, sp. nov., is described from open Acacia‐Commiphora bushland on the foothills of the north‐facing limestone escarpment running along the coast of northern Somalia. The new species is obviously closely related to the widespread A. etbaica that is common on this escarpment, but at considerably higher altitudes. A. cernua differs from A. etbaica in, for example, its smooth, ash grey to white bark, and in its slender, hanging terminal branches with a glaucous foliage.
Sporoderm development in Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae): a probable role of the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Gabarayeva Nina
Published: March 2008

The developmental events in the sporoderm and the cytoplasm ofLiriodendron chinensemicrospore from the early tetrad stage until late free microspore stage were observed. Various forms of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and surprising unusual aggregates of ER seen during microspore development attract special attention. Being scanty at early and middle tetrad stage, while primexine matrix (glycocalyx) acquires well‐defined form, the ER becomes distinct in unusual forms at the late tetrad stage. Thin long tubules with an osmiophilic contents, which cannot be compared with the tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), undulate through the cytoplasm. Towards the end of the tetrad period when callose begins to disintegrate, and a distinct tectate‐columellate pattern of the ectexine becomes evident, two new forms of the SER occur in the cytoplasm. Instead of single tubules observed previously, 3–tubuled aggregates meander through the cytoplasm, the middle tubule contains an osmiophilic substance. The second form of the SER looks like an ordinary tubular SER, but has ampoule‐like dilations with dark granular contents. Later on the tubules undergo major changes: multi‐tubuled aggregates of parallel tubules overcrowd the cytoplasm, the outer tubules of each aggregate carrying ribosomes. These aggregates undulate through the cytoplasm, branch, and are associated with lipid globules. The tips of many aggregates are pressed to the plasmalemma. The ontogenetic period of time of the presence of these ER aggregates, their structure and localization in the microspore cytoplasm allow me to assume that these ER aggregates synthesize sporopollenin precursors.
Comparisons of genetic diversity in a narrow endemic, Impatiens hypophylla, and in its widespread congener, I. textori (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Chung Myong Gi , Kang Soon Suk
Published: March 2008

Genetic diversity in two species ofImpatiensin Korea was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis.Impatiens hypophyllais a rare species endemic to southwestern Japan and southeastern Korea, whereasI. rextoriis widespread in East Asia.Impatiens textorihas considerably higher genetic diversity thanI. hypophylla. For example, mean values of genetic diversity within populations (He) ofI. textoriandI. hypophyllawere 0.206 and 0.102, respectively. The high outcrossing rate (mean 1 = 0.89), abundance and widespread distribution, and large population size may be factors responsible for the maintenance of high levels of genetic variation inI. textori. Analyss of fixation indices indicated that considerable population substructuring within populations ofI. hypophylla, partly resulting from inbreeding and/or genetic drift in small populations coupled with limited gene flow (mean FIS= 0.699). However, the degree of population divergence observed inI. hypophylla(mean GST= 0.059) was considerably lower than that in other plants with similar life history traits. It is supposed that similar selection at populations ofI. hypophyllaexamined might maintain similar gene frequencies in isolated populations.
Trees and shrubs of New Zealand
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Poole. A. L. & Adams, N. M. 1994. Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. ‐ Manaaki Whenua Press. Lincoln, New Zealand. ISBN 0–478–04535–2. 256 pages. Price: 30 USD
Eight new species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Eight new species and one new subspecies of Cyperus subgen. Cyperus (including Mariscus) are described, illustrated and mapped, viz. C. densibulbosus, C. scabricaulis, C. pluricephalus, C. baobab, C. micromedusaeus, C. gypsophilus, C. somalidunensis, C. recurvispicatus and C. rotundus ssp. divaricatus.
Genetic differentiation in endemic Lobularia (Brassicaceae) in the Canary Islands
Authors: Borgen Liv
Published: March 2008

Patterns of genetic diversity were examined in five endemic subspecies of the Lobularia canariensis complex from six of the Canary Islands. The taxa are interfertile, insect‐pollinated outbreeders with wind dispersal. Electrophoretic analysis revealed a high level of genetic polymorphism at ten loci coding soluble enzymes, with a mean of 2.38 alleles per locus, 73.7 % polymorphic loci, and a mean heterozygosity of 0.279. Excesses of homozygotes, indicating inbreeding, were observed in small populations. The average total diversity was high, F.,=0.518. Among‐population diversity, FST=0.318, contributed more to the total diversity than within‐population diversity, FIS=0.222. Little geographic or taxonomic patterning of the allozyme variation was observed. The mean genetic identitity for pairwise comparisons of the 19 populations was 0.76, with a range of 0.51–0.96 and c. 17 % of the comparisons below 0.67 and c. 8 % above 0.90. The results contrast with the many cases of high genetic identities reported for populations of endemic plants on oceanic islands. High levels of allozyme divergence suggest a relatively old origin of the L. canariensis complex and a long period of isolation of some of the populations.
Morphological and ultrastructural features in selected species of Licea (Myxomycetes)
Authors: Gilert Elisabeth
Published: March 2008

Ultrastructural studies of selected species of Licea were made in order to elucidate relationships among species. Based on structural studies, species may be grouped as representing different stages of morphological complexity. The majority of species possess protoplasmodia and form sporangia. The two plasmodiocarpous species L. retiformis and L. variabilis possess more highly differentiated plasmodia and are an anomaly among Licea species. Processes along the margin of peridial lobes in several species of the genus are probably homologous with the capillitium in Listerella. The latter genus is morphologically and structurally very similar to species of the Licea pusilla group, but its plasmodium is still unknown. The sole species of Listerella agrees with Licea operculata in the structure of spore ornamentation, the processes consisting of densely packed granules of high electron density. This structure is quite different from that of L. pusilla and L. minima, where the processes have an internal structure of alternating layers different in electron transparency. Presence of spore‐like bodies, different in size and ornamentation from normal spores, have been demonstrated in the border region between stalk and sporangium in L. operculata. This is a feature previously supposed to be restricted to Arcyria and related genera. Using X‐ray analysis, calcium has been found in the peridium of several species of Licea. Since environmental factors may influence the presence or absence of calcium, caution should be taken in interpreting differences taxonomically. The similarity in elemental composition between the spores and sporangial lid in L. operculata is interesting, considering the fact that the sporangial lid of Trichia crateriformb has been demonstrated to be composed of spore‐like structures.
Nivicole myxomycetes of the Khibine Mountains (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Novozhilov Y. , Schnittler M.
Published: March 2008

Data on species inventory and ecology of myxomycetes, especially snow‐line species. are presented from the Khibine, a small mountain area situated in the central Kola peninsula (Russia, 67°38'N, 33°37'E). Fourty species of myxomycetes belonging to 18 genera are recorded. Among them 12 species can be regarded as nivicole. For these taxonomic descriptions are given, their abundance is estimated, microhabitat preferences are described and commented on. Diacheopsis effusa, Lumproderma cf. fuscatum and Lepidoderma aggregatum are new for Fennoscandia. Due to their geographical position, the Khibine mountains are more comparable with the Scandinavian mountains than with the mountain areas in the Russian Arctic which are influenced by a more continental climate. Therefore, the present paper leads together with previous reports of other authors to the conclusion, that nivicole myxomycetes can be expected in all suitable places throughout the Scandinavian mountains.
Studies in SE Asiatic Rondeletieae II: Aleisanthiopsis (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Borneo
Authors: Tange Christian
Published: March 2008

The gem Aleisanthiopsis is described to accommodate the species Greenea distantiflora and a new species Aleisanthiopsis multiflora described here. The character states of Aleisanthiopsis are presented. Illustrations are provided for both species. An approximate chromosome count is given for A. distantiflora. It is suggested, that Aleisanthiopsis may be the sister genus to Aleisanthia, a genus currently placed in the Rondeletieae subfamily Cinconoideae. It is shown that the genus Greeniopsis is very similar to Aleisanthia and Aleisanthiopsis except for the seed characters.
Glyphostylus (Euphorbiaceae, Hippomaneae) reexamined
Authors: Esser H.‐J.
Published: March 2008

The monotypic genus Glyphostylus (Euphorbiaceae) is compared with Excoecaria, and it is concluded that both genera are not distinct. Glyphustylus, instead, exhibits all characters diagnostical for Excoecaria. Gl.vphostylus laoticus is considered as a species of Excoeearia. and the necessary combination is made.
A new species of Platysace (Apiaceae) from Northern Australia
Authors: Keighery G. J.
Published: March 2008

A new species of Plafysace, P saxatilis is described. The species is confined to sandstone gorges in northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
Nomenclatural notes to Nordic Macromycetes vol. 1 & 3
Authors: Knudsen Henning , Hansen Lise
Published: March 2008

A new species, Thanatephorus uniygdalisporirs, is described and a number of new combinations and a new name are proposed: Bryoglossum rehmii comb. nov., Lachnellula juniperinu comb. nov., Lactarius torminosulus nom. nov., Lentaria dendroidea comb. nov., Postia ptyhogaster comb. nov., Stecclierinum collabens comb. nov., S. luteoalbum comb. nov., S. nitidum comb. nov., S. pseudozilingiunum comb. nov., S. separabilimum comb. nov., Syzygospora mycophaga comb. nov., Thanatephorus fusisporus comb. nov., Tremella invasa comb. nov., Uncobasidium albidum comb. nov. and Woldmaria filicina comb. nov. A number of notes on clavarioid fungi are given.
Hawkmoth pollination of Bonatea speciosa (Orchidaceae) in a South African coastal forest
Authors: Johnson S. D. , Liltved W. R.
Published: March 2008

Hawkmoths (Theretra capensis and Hyles lineata livornica) pollinated the orchid Bonatea speciosa at a forested site along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. The flowers of B. speciosa are strongly evening‐scented and hawkmoth activity was confined to a short period of 40 minutes after dusk on each evening of observation. The pollinaria are exceptionally elongated (c. 20 mm in length) and are affixed to the eyes of the hawkmoths. Pollinaria attached to feeding hawkmoths are brushed over the long stigmatic arms which project in front of flowers. The flowers of B. speciosa have a toothlike process at the mouth of the spur which forces moths to enter the flower from either side. As a result, only one of the pollinaria is removed from the flower during a visit. The division of the flower into two functional units by the toothlike process in the spur distinguishes the floral mechanism of B. speciosa from other Habenariinae.
Ixora sivarajiana, a new species of Rubiaceae from India
Authors: Pradeep A. K.
Published: March 2008

Ixora sivarujiana sp. nov., frcm Vellarimala on the Northern part of the Western Ghats of Kerala in Peninsular India is described and illustrated.
Genetic variation within and among populations of Fomitopsis pinicola (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Nordén Björn
Published: March 2008

RAPD polymorphisms were used to reveal the genetic population structure of Fomitopsis pinicola from 5 populations in southwestern Sweden with outliers in Finland and Norway. Eleven primers were used on 35 isolates. Using the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), the total variance was divided into 3 hierarchical components: 84% within populations, 11% among regions, and 5% among populations within regions. The 3 large Swedish populations contained 95% of the variation within them. The statistical significance of these patterns was supported by permutation tests. The similarity index between all genets ranged from 0.10 to 0.72, with an average of 0.45. Genets from the same population could form more than one cluster in the neighbor‐joining analysis. Some of these clusters were also supported by parsimony jack‐knifing. This pattern is tentatively explained by establishment of spores from different basidiomata. The result of somatic incompatibility tests and RAPD markers were compared and this comparison indicated that compatible reactions do not necessarily imply genetic identity. Sampling from cut sections of infected trees revealed that multiple infections were present in a single tree and that the fungus probably infects host‐trees by basidiospores, arriving via the air. Each somatically incompatible genet characteristically monopolized only part of a resource unit. Spore trapping showed no evidence of long distance spore dispersal, but this is probably due to the limited experiment, since the genetic analysis suggested a high rate of gene flow.
Disa introrsa sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from the Western Cape of South Africa, with notes on the phylogeny of Disa sect. Disella
Authors: Kurzweil H. , Liltved W. R. , Linder H. P.
Published: March 2008

Disa introrsa Kurzweil, Liltved and Linder (Orchidaceae ‐ Orchidoideae ‐ Diseae) is described from the Ceres District of the Western Cape of South Africa, and is placed in sect. Disella Lindl. The species is so far known from only two collections. Flowering is strongly stimulated through the effects of fire which may account for the apparent rarity of D. introrsa. Possible phylogenetic relationships among the species of D. sect. Disella are outlined.
Reports on long‐distance sexual compatibility in Agaricales
Authors: Petersen Ronald H. , McCleneghan S. Coleman
Published: March 2008

Several patterns of long‐distance in vitro sexual compatibility are demonstrated for Agaricales: 1) pan‐Caribbean distributions of Favolus tenuiculus and Dictyopanus pusillus; 2) overland North American distribution of Phyllotopsis nidulans; 3) Gondwana‐land distribution of Conchomyces bursaeformis; and 4) trans‐Atlantic boreal forest distribution of Marasmius epiphyllus and Mycena rosella. Distribution and systematics of Pleurotopsis longinqua are discussed.
Studies in the Goodeniaceae and the Brunoniaceae with a discussion of their relationship to Asteraceae and Calyceraceae
Authors: Hansen Hans V.
Published: March 2008

The relationships between Asteraceae, Calyceraceae, Goodeniaceae, and Brunoniaceae are discussed, and some SEM‐observations of microcharacters within the two latter families are presented. Based on morphological evidence neither Goodeniaceae s.str. nor Goodeniaceae s.lat. (i.e., incl. Brunonia) appear to be the putative sister taxon of Asteraceae. A cladistic analysis demonstrates that Brunonia australis may constitute a separate, monotypic family or alternatively be deeply nested within Goodeniaceae s.lat Brunonia shares a number of potential synapomorphies with Asteraceae. Of special interest are the peculiar hairs and feathery pappus bristles which very much resemble those found within Asteraceae subfam. Barnadesioideae. However, studies with SEM disclose that these structures rather constitute autapomorphies for the taxa in question. In conclusion, Calyceraceae remain to be the best sister candidate of the sunflower family.
Phenotypic variation of the introduced perennial Solidago gigantea in Europe
Authors: Weber Ewald
Published: March 2008

The exotic perennial Solidago gigantea belongs to the most widespread and abundant plant invaders in Europe, found throughout the range from northern Italy to southern Scandinavia. Morphological variation of this species in Europe was assessed by scoring plants from 22 populations along a north‐south transect for quantitative and qualitative characters. All size related and floral characters varied significantly among populations. Size related characters exhibited large coefficients of variation and high intraclass correlations. Floral characters varied considerably less and showed rather narrow unimodal distributions. Pubescence of leaf main vein varied from glabrous to weakly pubescent. Leaf surfaces beneath as well as secondary veins were uniformly glabrous among the shoots. The first three principal components accounted for 56.5% of the variation and formed no separated clusters among the shoots sampled. Chromosome counts revealed only tetraploid cytotypes (2n=36). The low variation in taxonomic key characters and chromosome numbers suggest that the tetraploid cytotype of S.gigantea has became naturalized in Europe, probably the result of only few introductions of this species to Europe.
Silene oenotriae (Caryophyllaceae): a new species from S Italy
Authors: Brullo Salvatore
Published: March 2008

Silene oenotriae a new species of S. sect. Siphonomorpha is described and illustrated. It is a rare chasmophyte growing on limestones along the gorges of southern slope of Mt. Pollino (S Italy). Its relationships are discussed.
A new species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) from Great Nicobar Island, India
Authors: Sinha B. K. , Maina V. , Rao P. S. N.
Published: March 2008

Dendrobium shompenii is described and illustrated as a new species from Great Nicobar Island, India. Affinities with the closely related species Dendrobium nathanielis are discussed.
The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in inner Danish coastal waters
Authors: Jensen Karin G. , Moestrup Øjvind
Published: March 2008

The genus Chaetoceros, one of the most important genera of diatoms in the marine plankton, has been investigated from 20 stations in Danish waters during the period 1991–1995. Thirty‐five taxa were identified, 18 of which were brought into culture for further morphological studies. Three taxa are reported for the first time from Danish coastal waters and one new species is proposed, C. impressus. Chaetoceros affinis var. circinalis is raised to species level. Material referred to previously as Chaetoceros sp. B. by Sundström is considered to represent C. pseudobrevis. Twelve taxa found previously in the area by other authors are also described, resulting in a total of 47 descriptions. An artificial key is provided for identifications of all species presently recorded in inner Danish coastal waters.
Two new species in Hyphoderma
Authors: Larsson Karl‐Henrik
Published: March 2008

Hyphoderma nemorale and H. incrustatum are described. Incompatability between the new species and against related species has been ascertained using confrontations with haploid mycelia.
Studies on tissues associated to hydroxybenzoquinone secretion in Myrsine laetevirens (Myrsinaceae)
Authors: Otegui M. S. , Gaspar M. L. , Maldonado S. , Varetti E. L. , Pollero R.
Published: March 2008

Structural and complementary chemical studies were performed on specialized secretory structures which produce benzoquinones in Myrsine laetevirens (Myrsinaceae). These structures include: schizogenous secretory cavities, idioblasts or groups of idioblasts in root cortex and xylem rays and groups of cells in the placental epidermis, which produce crystals embedded in indentations of the seed surface. By means of high performance thin layer chromatography (HP‐TLC), gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC), thin layer chromatography flame ionization detector (TLC‐FID), and infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, the contents of secretory cavities were identified as neutral lipids (triacylglycerols and free fatty acids) and rapanone (2,5‐dihydroxy‐3‐tridecyl‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene‐l,4‐dione). Analysis of seed crystals and idioblast contents revealed rapanone as the main constituent. Ultrastructural observations of secretory cells show that plastids, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles are probably related to rapanone synthesis. The possible function and the systematic significance of these compounds are discussed.
Three new species of Centella series Glabratae (Apiaceae)
Authors: Schubert Mahalia T. R. , van Wyk Ben‐Erik
Published: March 2008

Three new species of Centella series Glabratae are described in this paper: C. brachycarpa, C. dolichocarpa and C. pilosa. These species are similar to C. difformis, and in order to clarify species limits the latter is also described and illustrated. The fruit shape and the bulging commissure of the new species show that the sectional limits of the series Glabratae will have to be revised to include C. difformis and related species, previously associated with the series Montanae.
Pollination ecology of Gentianella uliginosa, a rare annual of the Dutch coastal dunes
Authors: Petanidou T. , Ellis‐Adam A. C. , den Njjs J. C. M. , Oostermeijer J. G. B.
Published: March 2008

The pollination ecology ofGentianella uliginosa, a rare annual in The Netherlands, was studied in three relatively small coastal dune populations. In all populations, the species was fully self‐compatible: manual self pollination resulted in a seed set of 92–94%. Autofertility was also high (seed set of caged, unhandled flowers 80–85%). The homogamous flowers were visited byBombus pascuorum, which collected nectar and transported pollen sternotribically. Differences among populations in bumblebee visitation rate did not affect natural seed set. In one plot, seed set following natural pollination was lower than after manual selñng, and as high as after spontaneous selñng. As flowers here were also visited frequently, this might be due to pollen limitation through heterospecific pollen competition. Support for this hypothesis was derived from another population, where seed set after natural pollination was lower in a plot dominated by co‐floweringMentha aquaticathan in a plot with fewMentha.However, differences in water availability might also have caused this. In one population, seed sets of the cross pollination and spontaneous selfing treatments were lower than those of the manual selñng and natural pollination treatments. Whether the low outcrossing success can be attributed to small differences in the treatment of the experimental plants or to outcrossing depression remains unclear. We conclude that this annual species is most likely a predominant selfer. Its high autofertility is probably an adaptation to its wet dune slack habitat, where reproductive assurance may be important to cope with unpredictable fluctuations in water table, summer droughts and pollinator service.
Breeding systems and crossing experiments in Anemone patens and in the Anemome pulsatilla group (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Lindell Torbjörn
Published: March 2008

Breeding system studies of Anemone patens, A. pulsatilla ssp. pulsatilla, A. pulsatilla ssp. gotlandica, and A. pulsatilla ssp. grandis in cultivation showed that all taxa are self‐compatible. Fruit and seed set were usually low after auto‐deposition of pollen but increased in artificially self‐pollinated flowers. Cross‐pollination usually resulted in increased fruit and seed set compared with self‐pollination, but the level varied noticeably among crossing combinations and for different material due probably to the great variation in the frequency of fruit abortion. Plants of A. pulsatilla ssp. pulsatilla derived from one site showed especially low fruit set. Resource limitation is probably an important component determining reproductive success. No crossing barriers between taxa could be established. Significant differences between the three subspecies of A. pulsatilla were found for several morphological characters.
Morphometric analyses of capsule and seed traits in Scandinavian Papaver radicatum (Papaveraceae) in relation to the bicentric distribution pattern
Authors: Selin Eva
Published: March 2008

The bicentric distribution pattern of certain plant species in the southern and northern Scandinavian mountains has been explained in different ways. Either by refugial survival, by late‐glacial immigration to the first deglaciated areas in southern and northern Norway or by a successive fragmentation of wide‐distributed populations during post‐glacial time — or by present‐day ecological factors. Even if the bicentric distribution pattern is at least partly explained by present‐day ecological conditions, the question about the origin of the bicentric distribution still remains. One way to tackle this problem, is to investigate the morphometric and/or the genetic differentiation between isolated populations of ‘bicentric’ species and its impact on the explanation of the disjunct pattern.

The overall morphometric differentiation pattern in seeds and capsules was investigated in populations of Papaver radicatum, a perennial herb with a bicentric distribution in the Scandinavian mountain range. Canonical variates analysis of capsules separates the populations into two groups in accordance with their geographic origin, i.e. the regions of southern and northern Scandinavia. The differentiation pattern indicates a two‐step development of the present‐day distribution: first separation of the southern and northern Scandinavian occurences of older origin, then separation between populations within each region. The results from canonical variates analysis of seeds shows a weaker variation pattern with a tendency of overlapping inter‐region populations. The most northerly situated populations from the southern region are grouped with populations from the northern region.

The pattern of differentiation in capsules may be interpretated in terms of refugial survival or late‐glacial immigration. However, the variation pattern in seeds rather points to a scenario where a widespread occurrence that previously ranged from southern to northern Scandinavia was successively fragmented, which makes a postglacial development of the differentiation pattern more probable.
Waynea hirsuta, a new epiphytic lichen species from Central Siberia
Authors: Tretiach Mauro
Published: March 2008

A new lichen, Waynea hirsuta is described from the Tunkinsky range, Lake Bajkal region, Central Siberia. It has a squamulose, sorediate thallus, (0‐) 1 (‐3) septate spores, labriform soralia, and positive reactions to K and to N of epithecium, excipulum and upper cortex. The thalline squamules have a dense cover of hyaline hairs. The material was collected on the bark of old Populus balsamifera trees in a close stand of Pinus sibirica. The affinities with the other three species of the genus, and with some Hypocenomyce species are discussed.
Structure, floristic composition, and vegetation forming factors of three vegetation types in Senegal
Authors: Lykke A. M. , Sambou B.
Published: March 2008

Six 1 ha plots were established in a coastal savanna, called Fathala Forest, in Delta du Saloum National Park, Senegal. Two plots were placed in woodland, two in wooded grassland, and two in transition woodland in order to describe structure and floristic composition of the vegetation. All trees ≥ 5 cm dbh were sampled. The three selected vegetation types showed distinct differences in structure as well as in species composition. Woodland had high density (440–449 individuals per ha), many small trees, and high basal area (13.4 m2per ha). Transition woodland was characterised by low density (54–118 individuals per ha) but many large trees and a relatively large basal area (8.6–12.8 m2 per ha). Wooded grassland was characterised by medium sized trees, it had low density (86–102 individuals per ha) and low basal area (3.8–5.7 m2 per ha). Species richness ranged between 17 and 27 species per ha in the six plots. Only two species were found in all plots, Daniellia oliveri (Caesalpiniaceae) and Prosopis africana (Mimosaceae). Legumes dominated all plots. Wooded grassland and transition woodland had many characteristics of fire‐affected vegetation in contrast to woodland. Today wooded grassland encroaches on woodland and transition woodland. Management of the latter two vegetation types should be given priority as they maintain structural and floristic characteristics that are essential to conserve biodiversity and original features of the vegetation, and they are also important for local people who are allowed to make sustainable use of the vegetation.