bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami Kawasan Pariwisata Teluk Youtefa Kota Jayapura
Authors: Depari Canggih Persada Sembiring , Manalu Janviter , Siallagan Jhonson
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi mitigasi yang efektif dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami di kawasan pariwisata Teluk Youtefa, Kota Jayapura. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Analitic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan melibatkan para ahli dari berbagai instansi terkait, seperti BPBD, akademisi, Dinas pariwisata, DLHK, dan BMKG. Instrumen kuesioner berupa angket dibagikan kepada responden terpilih untuk mengumpulkan data penilaian dari para ahli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi mitigasi yang paling diunggulkan adalah pendirian Sekolah Lapang Gempa Bumi, yang memberikan penekanan pada pendidikan dan pemahaman masyarakat terkait gempa bumi dan langkah-langkah evakuasi yang benar. Selain itu, aspek lingkungan juga mendapatkan penekanan yang tinggi dalam strategi mitigasi. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya perlindungan dan pemulihan lingkungan dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami. Aspek sosial dan ekonomi juga harus diperhatikan dalam strategi mitigasi. Perbedaan penekanan ditemukan antara para ahli dari instansi yang berbeda terhadap aspek-aspek tersebut. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi strategi mitigasi haruslah mencakup semua aspek yang relevan dengan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan panduan dalam pengembangan rencana mitigasi bencana tsunami yang efektif dan komprehensif di kawasan pariwisata Teluk Youtefa, Kota Jayapura.
EFFICACY OF HERBAL POWDERS ON SEED MYCOFLORA AND SEED QUALITY OF OILSEEDS
Authors:   Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, JLB Road, Mysuru - 570 005, Karnataka, India., Sheeba Nazareth Maria , K Girish ,   Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, JLB Road, Mysuru - 570 005, Karnataka, India., Kousar Fathima Syeda ,   Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, JLB Road, Mysuru - 570 005, Karnataka, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The present study involved seed health testing of four oil seeds (mustard, niger, groundnut and sunflower) for seed-borne fungi and seed vigor, and the evaluation of neem and tulsi leaf powders as seed treatment biofungicides. Standard blotter, agar plate and paper towel methods were employed. All the seed samples tested yielded several seed borne fungi. The herbal powders were screened individually and in combination (1:1) at the concentrations of 2, 5 and 10% by seed treatment. The incidence of seed borne fungi from oilseeds was substantially reduced by neem and tulsi powder on seed treatment in comparison to untreated control seeds. The leaf powders also increased seed germination and seedling emergence with increased shoot and root length. These plant powders could possibly be exploited in the management of seed-borne pathogenic fungi to prevent deterioration of oil seeds and to increase their vigor in an eco-friendly way.
INCREASE IN PERCENT PURITY OF β CAROTENE CONTENT IN ORGANICALLY CULTIVATED TOMATOES ESTIMATED BY SPE AND HPLC
Authors: Thakur Nitika
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Nutrition and health are the two most important related areas which always need to be refreshed. Tomato has become an important vegetable of the world in view of the increasing demand for the fresh consumption as well as for processing industries. As a fresh commodity and as a processed product, tomato represents a major source of essential nutrients. The present studies were carried out to evaluate the beta-carotene content of organic and conventionally grown tomatoes by combining SPE and HPLC techniques. The analysis of the sample revealed that β-carotene percentage recorded in organic samples were higher than that the control. Sample T₃ organic was recorded with 13.41 per cent purity, followed by T₄ (8.3%). Minimum percentage purity (4.81%) was recorded in the conventional treatment (control). The results clearly indicated a higher percentage of β-carotene in organic treatments, as compared to farmer’s practice (control).
COMPARATIVE FIELD EFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND CERTAIN NEW INSECTICIDE MOLECULES AGAINST LEAFHOPPERS, AMRASCA DEVASTANS (DISTANT) ON BT COTTON
Authors:   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India., M S MahaLakshmi , G M V Prasada Rao ,   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India., N V V S D Prasad ,   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain new molecules as well as entomopathogens as foliar sprays against leafhoppers in Bt cotton at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh for two consecutive years. The new molecule, flonicamid 50% WG at two doses i.e. at 75 g a.i./ha and 100g a.i./ha followed by diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 g a.i./ha and buprofezin 25% SC @ 250 g a.i./ha were found promising against leaf hoppers together with high seed cotton yield. New molecules were found significantly superior over to NSKE 5 % and entomopathogens in suppressing the leafhoppers.
POTENCY OF LOCAL ISOLATE PAECILOMYCES FROM WEST SUMATERA FOR CONTROL OF ROOTKNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE SPP) ON VEGETABLES
Authors:   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University Kampus limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, Winarto  , Darnetty  ,   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University Kampus limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, Liswarni Yenny ,   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University Kampus limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Paecilomyces is an antagonistic fungus that can be used as a base material for the manufacture of bionematicides for the control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) because it has antagonistic activity as a nematode egg parasite. Utilization of Paecilomyces local isolates has good potentials for the control of parasitic nematodes, especially root knot nematodes. The environmental conditions of fungal isolates affect the ability of fungi in parasitizing nematode eggs. The objective of the study was to obtain local isolate of Paecilomyces fungi which have high potential to control root knot nematodes. Fungal samples were from soil rhizosphere of tomato plants infected by root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) from several locations of vegetable production centers of West Sumatra, namely Alahan Panjang, Agam and Tanah Datar. As results of the research, 10 isolates of Paecilomyces fungi were obtained, 3 isolates from Alahan Panjang (PAP1, PAP2, and PAP3), 3 isolates from Agam (PA1, PA2, and PA3) and 4 isolates from Tanah Datar (PTD1, PTD2. PTD3 and PTD4). All Paecilomyces isolates had potency to control root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) with suppression percentage ranged from 55% - 70.9%. The PAP 2 (isolate from Alahan Panjang) had the best ability to control root knot nematodes with suppression percentage of 70.90%.
FACTORS AFFECTING PROPAGATION OF HETERORHABDITTIS BACTERIOPHORA POINAR, AN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE IN PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.)
Authors:   Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India., Kumari Vinod , N P Singh ,   Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India., Shinde Shilpa ,   Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India., Meena Shashi ,   Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India., Kumar Lata Rakesh ,   SRLS Government PG College, Kaladera, Jaipur (Raj) - 302004, India
Published: April 2024

Entotomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabittis bacteriophora possess tremendous potential for biological control of Plutella xylostella (L.) commonly known as the diamond back moth (DBM), major pest of cabbage and cauliflower. Five parameters viz., incubation dose, host body weight, incubation temperature, host food plant and host feeding status were taken to determine their effect on the propagation of H. bacteriophora in final instar of P. xylostella. The number of infective juveniles (IJs) produced increased with the increase in the inoculation dose up to 15 (IJs) per larva. Further increase in dose adversely affected the nematode progeny production because of overcrowding. A positive correlation between host body weight and number of IJs/mg body weight was observed (r=0.8343). Optima temperature for H. bacteriophora was found to be 25oC and the range was 15oC to 35oC. There was no significant difference in nematode progeny production and host food plant viz., cabbage, cauliflower, knolknol and mustard. Similarly IJs production per mg body weight was not significantly different in starved and fed larvae (host feeding status).
POTENTIAL OF NEW STRAIN OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ISOLATED FROM TINSUKIA (ASSAM) AGAINST TEA MOSQUITO BUG HELOPELTIS THEIVORA WATERHOUSE (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors:   Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, West Bengal-735225, India, Ekka Preety , Babu Azariah ,   Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, West Bengal-735225, India, Ram Saikia Lakhi ,   Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam-786004, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, is the major sucking pest of tea plant. It mainly attacks the young shoots essential for tea production. In lacunae of proper management, the pest remains active throughout the year resulting in almost 100% crop loss. To manage the population of this pest below Economic Threshold Level (ETL) of 5%, several rounds of chemical pesticides are applied during the season. Tea, being a consumable product; the unwanted pesticide residue cause a major concern for the tea industry. Thus, incorporation of alternate strategies like Biological Control Agents (BCA) in pest management programme is important to overcome the problems besides prevent the pest from developing resistance. The BCAs like entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus are effective in an eco-friendly management of the pest population. The entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana has been found to be effective pest control agent in several agro ecosystems including tea. Commercial B. bassiana formulations are available but the local strains are reported to be more efficient in managing the pest population. The present study was aimed to analyze the potential of a new strain of B. bassiana named as BPA/B7 (I.D. No. 10,928.8) isolated from tea soils of Tinsukia (Assam) against H. theivora. The efficacy of six concentrations (5 mlL-1, 10 mlL-1, 15 mlL-1, 20 mlL-1 and 25 mlL-1 ) of powder formulation of BPA/B7 was compared with a commercial formulation to estimate the LC50 of the same. The BPA/B7 (B. bassiana with a spore density of 1.68X106 spores/ml was found to kill 50% of H. theivora at a concentration of 21.87 mlL-1 within 96hrs. Further studies on the standardization of both liquid/powder formulations, shelf life studies, followed by their field evlauation, will ensure the possibility of utilizing this strain as a potential componemt of intergrated management of H. theivora.
EFFICACY OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS ON MYROTHECIUM RORIDUM, THE STEM NECROSIS AND LEAF SPOT PATHOGEN OF COFFEE SEEDLINGS
Authors:   1Division of Plant Pathology, Central Coffee Research Institute, Coffee Research Station – 577 117, Karnataka, India, A P Ranjini , Naika Raja ,   2Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Applied Botany, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451, Karnataka, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Myrothecium roridum, pathogen of coffee seedlings causing stem necrosis and leaf spot particularly during the continuous rains results in seedling loss up to 33%. The present study was taken up to know the efficacy of the native bioagents isolated from coffee rhizosphere soil for the control of M. roridum under in vitro conditions. Efficacy of two Trichoderma and six bacteria was tested in the laboratory conditions. The results of the experiment indicated that both the Trichoderma isolates: Trichoderma harzianum (CRF1) and Trichoderma viride (CRF-2) effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen, M. roridum up to 100% and 85% respectively whereas among the six bacterial isolates evaluated, two bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis (CRB-2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (CRB-5) were more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen M. roridum up to 55.50% and 50.60% respectively. The effective bioagents identified from this study could be utilized for in vivo studies to assess their efficacy and to device better control measures for stem necrosis and leaf spot disease of coffee seedlings.
HIDDEN SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF THE COMBINATIONS OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Rueangrit Soraya , Eakjamnong Weenussa ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Dethoup Tida ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT In this study, we determined the in vitro antifungal activities of five plant crude extracts, namely Acorus calamus L., Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr., Piper betle Linn., P. nigrum L. and P. retrofractum Vahl. Both individually and in combinations in seven different ratios and in concentrations of 10,000 and 1,000 ppm against the radial growth of Alternaria brassicicola, Colletotrichum capsici and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The findings indicated that the synergistic activities of the combinations were observed more in the lower concentration tested (1,000 ppm) than in the higher concentration (10,000 ppm) at different ratios. The synergistic activities of the combinations of two extracts against A. brassicicola were increased from 34.29% to 67.14% when tested at 1,000 ppm. Antagonistic effects (14.29%) were found when tested at 10,000 ppm but were not observed when tested at 1,000 ppm. At 10,000 ppm, the combined extracts different ratios displayed synergistic (74.29%) and additive activities (25.71%) against C. capsici. At 1,000 ppm, strong synergistic interactions against C. capsici were observed in all combinations. In testing effects of the combinations against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, we found that the combined extracts at 10,000 ppm exhibited synergistic (48.57%), additive (31.43%), in different (2.86%) and antagonistic effects (17.14%) but only synergistic and additive activities were detected when tested at 1,000 ppm. Moreover, some crude extracts had no activity (0% MGI) against the fungi tested at 1,000 ppm when tested individually but displayed synergistic effects when combined with another extract, evidenced by the percent mycelial growth inhibition of the combination mixtures. The results in this study indicate that the combination of plant extracts has promising synergistic activity against plant pathogens and that the concentration is a key factor in evaluating the effects. These results provided useful information as a guideline for further evaluation of the effects of these extracts against plant diseases in greenhouse and field studies.
ABUNDANCE OF ARTHROPODS INHABITING CANOPY OF RICE CULTIVATED USING DIFFERENT PLANTING METHODS AND VARIETIES
Authors:   1Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia 2Research Center for Sub-optimal Lands (PUR-PLSO), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia, Herlinda Siti , Ruski Yusticia Stenia ,   3Alumnus of Graduate Program of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia, Irsan Chandra ,   1Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia 2Research Center for Sub-optimal Lands (PUR-PLSO), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia, Ratna Hadi Buyung Asmara ,   4Sustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, IRRI-Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh 12101, Cambodia, Lakitan Benyamin ,   2Research Center for Sub-optimal Lands (PUR-PLSO), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia, 5Agronomy Program, College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia, Verawaty Marieska ,   6Department of Biology, College of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia, Hasbi Hasbi ,   2Research Center for Sub-optimal Lands (PUR-PLSO), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia, 7Agricultural Engineering Program, College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Rice varieties and planting methods can affect abundance of arthropods at rice field. This research aimed to analyze effect of planting methods and rice varieties on the abundance of arthropods inhabiting the rice canopy. Two planting methods (drum seeding and broadcast seeding) and 3 varieties (Ciherang, Inpara 4, and Inpari 22), plus 2 plots of farmer’s current practices (with and without trap barrier system) and control plot (without pre-growing herbicide application) were followed. The result of this research indicated that the least phytophagous insects and the highest predatory arthropods abundance were found at the plot of Inpari 22 variety grown using drum seeding methods. At beginning of a rice growing season, the dominant arthropods inhabiting the rice canopy were parasitoids, while throughout the rice growing season, the dominant insects were the phytophagous insects. For sustainable rice cultivation at the tidal lowland in South Sumatra, Indonesia, the recommended practice is the Inpari 22 variety grown using the seeding drum method.
EFFICACY OF NON-CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST HYALOPTERUS PRUNI (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON PLUM
Authors:   Agricultural University, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., Plovdiv- 4000, Bulgaria, Vasilev Pavlin , Andreev Radoslav ,   Agricultural University, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., Plovdiv- 4000, Bulgaria, Palagacheva Nedyalka ,   Agricultural University, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., Plovdiv- 4000, Bulgaria, Kutinkova Hristina ,   Fruit Growing Institute, 12 Ostromila Str., Plovdiv- 4004, Bulgaria., Stefanova Desislava ,   Fruit Growing Institute, 12 Ostromila Str., Plovdiv- 4004, Bulgaria.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to establish the efficacy of nonchemical insecticides, from different groups, for control of Hyalopterus pruni on plum. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions. Three botanical insecticides with active ingredients pyrethrum (Pyretrum FS EC - 0.025%,0.05%,0.1%), nicotine (NicoTab - 1:1; 1:2; 1:3 with water) and azadirachtin (NeemAzal T/S – 0.1%; 0.3%; and 0.5% ) were used, as well as two microbial products based on Beauveria bassiana (NaturalisR - 2.3 x 107 spores/mL) and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (PreFeRal WG - 2 x 10 9 CFU/g) in concentration 1%, 2%, 3%. All insecticides are registered in Bulgaria for other pest’s control, except for NicoTab, which is in an ongoing registration process. Experiments have shown that microbial insecticides, based on B. bassiana (NaturalisR) and P. fumosoroseus (PreFeRal WG) in concentration 2% and 3%, as well as botanical insecticides with active ingredients pyrethrum (Pyretrum FS EC in concentration 0.05% and 0.1%) and nicotine (NicoTab in a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 with water) have high efficacy against H. pruni. They are suitable for pest control in organic orchards. The insecticides based on azadirachtin has low efficacy and are not suitable for control of this aphid
https://jbiopestic.com/archivesbrief.php?id=57
Authors:   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculure, Andalas University Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.25163Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculure, Andalas University Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.25163, Trizelia  , Martinius  ,   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculure, Andalas University Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.25163, Reflinaldon  ,   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculure, Andalas University Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.25163, Liswarni Yenny ,   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculure, Andalas University Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.25163, Putra Fadly Syahirwan ,   Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculure, Andalas University Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.25163
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is one species of entomopathogenic fungi that can live endophytically by colonizing plant tissues. Colonization of fungi in plant tissue can heavily influence pest attacks. This study aimed to study the endophytic ability of B. bassiana isolates in chili and its effect on Myzus persicae population. Three isolates of B. bassiana fungus (TD312, APKo and PD114) were applied through seed immersion for 6 hrs with a concentration of 108 conidia / mL. Observed parameters included seed germination, seedling growth, colonization ability of this fungi in the roots, stems and leaves of chili and Myzus persicae population. The results showed that all B. bassiana isolates were found effective to enhance the germination percentage of chili seeds. This fungi colonized all parts of the plant with the rate of fungal colonization higher in the leaves compared to the stem and roots. B. bassiana TD312 isolate proved to be the best isolate in suppressing the development of Myzus persicae population.
CHOSEN BIOCIDES AGAINST VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L) WALP
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Kudumiyanmalai - 622 104, C Vijayaraghavan , S Pasupathy ,   Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore, Kavitha Zadda ,   Agricultural College and Research, Institute, Madurai - 625 104, Razak T Abdul ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Field trials were conducted with cowpea (Vamban 1) to evaluate some selected biocides the cowpea insects. Among the biocides, spray of neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) at 5% was effective in reducing the population of cowpea sucking insect, whitefly followed by azadirachtin at 1%. Spotted pod borer, M. vitrata incidence is less in the biocides treatments. Among the tested biocides, NSKE at 5% was effective in the management of spotted pod borer followed by azadirachtin at 1%. Cumulative pod damage by cowpea pod borers was minimum in indoxacarb at 0.7 mL/L treatment followed by NSKE at 5%. High cowpea seed yield was recorded in the treatment, indoxacarb at 0.7ml/litre followed by azadirachtin at 1%. In all the seasons, coccinellid beetles appeared in more numbers in the unsprayed plots followed by biocide treatments. In insecticide sprayed plots, comparatively this predatory beetle population was less. Number of spiders per 10 plants was more in the unsprayed plots. When insecticide and biocide treatments were compared, the biocide treatments harboured more spider population. Among the biocide treatments, in Beauveria bassiana at 10 gm/L sprayed plots, spiders were more followed by azadirachtin at 1%.
BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF COTESIA RUFICRUS (HYMENOPTERA:BRACONIDAE) A POTENTIAL PARASITOID OF HYPOSIDRA TALAC (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) LARVAE, A MAJOR TEA PEST
Authors:   Department of Entomology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, 735 225, India., Sarkar Suman , Babu Azariah ,   Department of Entomology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, 735 225, India., Chakraborty Kaushik ,   Zoology Department, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, 733134, India., Deka Bhabesh ,   Department of Entomology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, 735 225, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The black inch looper, Hyposidra talaca is considered as a major pest in tea in northern part of West Bengal and North East India. Among the natural enemy reported, Cotesia ruficrus is considered as one of the most gregarious endo-parasitoid wasps. In order to assess the potential of this natural enemy, a study on the biological parameters of C. ruficrus was evaluated on the different developmental stages (second, third and fourth instars) of the host larvae, H. talaca. The results indicated that, the mean duration of larval development was 12.0 ± 0.32, 11.0 ± 0.45 and 9.2±0.37 days in second, third and fourth instar host larvae respectively. The pupal period of C. ruficrus was found to be significantly different among the different larval stages of H. talaca. The successful parasitism of C. ruficrus and the number of cocoon formation of the parasitic wasp was reliant on the stage, body size and the physiological conditions of host larvae that it parasitizes. A maximum of 65.2±1.85 cocoons were formed when the fourth instar host larvae parasitized, followed by 27.2±3.04 in the third instar and 4.6±0.68 in the second instar host larvae. The number of females and males hatched out from each clutch was compared to the different host stages. .
MANAGEMENT OF ROOT ROT OF BLACK GRAM CAUSED BY MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA (TASSI) GOID USING TRICHODERMA VIRIDE
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India, Raj T Suthin
Published: April 2024

Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
BIOPESTICIDES: ALTERNATIVES FOR MANAGEMENT OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies, Khan Ayub
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Among insect pests of stored legumes, Callosobruchus maculatus is ranked as the most important with seed loss as high as 60-100% having been reported. Chemical control using synthetic insecticides is usually advocated. These chemicals can have undesirable side effects including human and animal health concerns, development of insecticide resistance andenvironmental contamination. Biopesticides, especially the use of semiochemicals, botanical extracts and microbial pesticides provide a sustainable and innovative alternative to the sole use of synthetic insecticides. The components of the sex pheromone for C. maculatus have been identified as 3-methyleneheptanoic acid, (Z)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid, (E)-3-methyl-3- heptenoic acid, (Z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid and (E)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid, nonanedioic acid and 2,6-dimethyl-1, 8-octanedioic acid. The use of semiochemicals and pheromones in particular can allow for better monitoring of C. maculatus in warehouses and other grain storage facilities. In small scale situations, use of pheromones for mass trapping of C. maculatus may be feasible and should be advocated under such circumstances. The use of semiochemicals forenhancement of the effectiveness of biological control agents of C. maculatus has been explored. Preliminary research indicates that it may be possible to use semiochemicals to manipulate the behavior and increase the efficacy of natural enemies of storage pests including C. maculatus. Various plants and their extracts have been investigated for use in management of all stages of C. maculatus. Several of these have repellent, antifeedant, contact toxicity and/or oviposition deterrent properties. Essential oils derived from various plant parts are particularly effective as fumigants due in large measure to their volatile nature. Use of botanical extracts is particularly appealing for resource poor farmers from developing countries as both the plant materials, as well as most of the techniques used for extraction of the active components are readily available to them. Biological control using microbial agents is another viable strategy for management of C. maculatus. A number of entomopathogenic fungi in particular have been isolated, tested and their efficacy against the cowpea seed beetle demonstrated. Culture and formulation preparation of these fungi and other microbial agents can also be done at the farm level. The combination of several biopesticidal options offers sustainable and ecologically appropriate alternatives to the sole use of synthetic insecticides for management of C. maculatus and these are explored in the current chapter.
EFFECT OF MATING DISRUPTION ON THE PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES OF CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA L.) AND FRUIT DAMAGE IN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.)ORCHARDS UNDER ORGANIC FARMING
Authors:   Agricultural University, 12 “Mendeleev” blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria., N Palagacheva
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), a key pest in walnut orchards in Bulgaria, is managed mainly with broad spectrum insecticides. Insecticide application often resulted in destruction of beneficial species and environmental pollution. The present study was conducted during 2018 - 2019 in Pazardzhik region of Bulgaria in an isolated orchard. The pheromone trap catches of C. pomonella in the organically maintained walnut orchard in the presence of mating disruption (MD) dispensers was compared with the pheromone trap catches in the conventional control orchard. The Pherocon VI sticky traps, type Delta were baited with standard PHEROCON CM L2 – codlemone. CIDETRAK® CMDA COMBO™ MESO™ mating disruption dispensers containing a unique combination of codling moth pheromone and a patented male and female behavior modifying kairomone were used at the rate of 20 pieces per/ha in the organic orchard. There was reduction in fruit damage in the organic orchards, despite the lack of treatment with pesticides. In spite of 9 - 10 treatments with insecticides, fruit damage was higher in theconventional control orchard compared to the organic orchard. The present results brought out that the mating disruption using CIDETRAK® CMDA COMBO™ MESO™ dispensers against codling moth can provide more effective control against C. pomonella, than the pesticide treatments.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE ROOT EXUDATES OF THE CLERODENDRON INERME IN CONTROLLING ON APHIS CRACCIVORA KOCH.
Authors:   Al-Musaib Technical College, Al-Furat AlAwsat Technical University, Iraq., Akbal Hasoon Maryem , Seed Mohmed Ahmed ,   College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to check for the biological efficacy of root exudates of Clerodendron inerme on some biological aspects of Aphis craccivora. Also, the study included the detection of the compounds in root exudates of C. inerme by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Results showed that the high concentration of root exudates recorded high cumulative mortality of the adult insects after exposure time 1, 2, and 3 days from treatments 28.5, 33.8, and 40.3% respectively compared with 32.4, 39.3 and 48.5% respectively of nymphs insects. The developmental period of the immature stages has increased from 6.5days in the control treatment compared with 9.3 days at high concentration while the fecundity of adult females reduced to reach 18.00 nymph at high concentration compared with 26.66 nymphs in the control treatment. GC-MS analysis of root exudates of C. inerme showed the presence of many compounds such as2-Propenoic acid, ethenyl ester, 2-Phenanthrenol. Keywords: Aphis craccivora, Clerodendron inerme, GC-MS Analysis
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SESAME DISEASES
Authors: Jeyalakshmi C , Rettinassababady C , Nema Sushma
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Field trials conducted on integrated disease management practices to combat major diseases and to increase the seed yield of sesame during summer 2009 and 2010 revealed that soil application of neem cake (250 kg/ha) along with seed treatment and soil application (2.5 kg/ha) of Trichoderma viride followed by foliar spray of azadirachtin @ 3 mL/L on 30 and 45 DAS (Module 3) was found to be significantly effective by recording minimum disease incidence coupled with maximum seed yield with higher cost benefit (C:B) ratio. Though module M2 and M1 ranked next to M3 with statistically on par in reducing the diseases, the module M2 consists of seed treatment and soil application (2.5 kg/ha) of T. viride followed by foliar spray of mancozeb (0.25%) + endosulfan (0.07%) on 30 and 45 DAS significantly different from M1 by recording seed yield and C: B ratio. All the modules were superior over farmer’s practices (without any treatment)
POTENTIALITY OF CINNAMOMUM EXTRACTS TO TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH AND ITS PREDATOR NEOSEIULUS LONGISPINOSUS(EVANS)
Authors:   All India Network Project on Agricultural Acarology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Manjunatha Reddy G V , Srinivasa N ,   All India Network Project on Agricultural Acarology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Muralidhara M S ,   C/o Dr.Narasegowda, Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT In this study the potential acaricidal activity of three species of Cinnamomum viz., C. camphora, C. zeylanicum and C. tamala was ascertained by using the methanol extracts from the leaves and barkagainst Tetranychus urticae Koch infesting tomato. The leaf extracts were evaluated at 4% and 8%concentration and bark extracts at 3% and 6%. The leaf extracts of all the three species of Cinnamomum @ 8% resulted in significant walk-off (repellence) of spider mites from the treatedleaves up to 24 hours, the highest repellency was with C. camphora (59%) which also caused highmortality of mites (48%). On tomato leaves treated with Cinnamomum extracts, spider mite females laid less number of eggs (31 to 50/female) compared to that on the untreated leaves (121eggs/female) and the Oviposition Deterrent Index (ODI) ranged from 41 to 59. Also compared tounexposed spider mite females, the ones exposed to Cinnamomum extracts lived short (16 to 23days) with an apparently short egg laying period (14 to 21 days).
DIFFERENT BT FORMULATIONS AGAINST POD BORER COMPLEX IN PIGEONPEAECOSYSTEM
Authors:   Department of Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore - 560 065, Karnataka, India, Vinayaka Tavaragondi , Murali S ,   Department of Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to evaluate different Bacillus thuringiensis formulations for the management of podborers on pigeonpea for two years during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Zonal Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. Three formulations of Bt viz., Dipel, Halt and DOR were tested at 1.0 and 1.5 kg per ha and indoxacarb at 60 g a. i per ha was used as check. The results revealed that the lowest mean pod damage by Helicoverpa was recorded in indoxacarb with 19.94 per cent. Among Bt formulations, DOR Bt formulation at 1.5 kg per ha proved better by recording 28.89 per cent. The damage by podfly andfield infestation by bruchid was also of the same trend. Total pod damage was also in indoxacarb with 40.61followed by DOR Bt formulation at 1.5 kg per with 54.64 percent. Highest yield was recorded in indoxacarbtreatment with 1087 kg per ha followed by DOR Bt formulation with 895 kg per ha. The lowest yield was observed in untreated control with 599 kg per ha which was inferior to all other treatments.
RECORD OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS)(HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) IN SOME CULTIVATED CROPS IN HARYANA
Authors:   Department of Entomology, Chaudhary CharanSingh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125004, Haryana, India., Kedar S C , Saini R K ,   Department of Entomology, Chaudhary CharanSingh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125004, Haryana, India., Kumaranag K M ,   Department of Entomology, Chaudhary CharanSingh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125004, Haryana, India., Sharma S S ,   Department of Entomology, Chaudhary CharanSingh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125004, Haryana, India.
Published: April 2024

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a worldwide pest in diverse agroecosystems. There arenumerous species of predators and parasitoids that are associated with this pest. A field survey was conducted to determine the natural enemies of B. tabaci in 14 cultivated crops in Hisar, Haryana. Six species of natural enemies of B. tabaci were observed, including 5 species of predators and onespecies of parasitoid. Serangium parcesetosum Sicard, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) andBrumoides suturalis (Fabricius) were the most commonly found predators. Encarsia lutea was theonly nymphal parasitoid reported on seven crops. S. parcesetosum was reported for the first timefrom Haryana on B. tabaci on cotton.
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PLANT POWDER AGAINST LESSER GRAIN BORER, RHIZOPERTHADOMINICA (FABRICIUS) ON THE STORED RICE GRAIN UNDER LABORATORY CONDITION
Authors:   Laboratory of Entomology, P.G. Department of Zoology, D.M. College of Science, Imphal– 795001, Manipur, India, Bhubaneshwari Devi M , Victoria Devi N ,   Laboratory of Entomology, P.G. Department of Zoology, D.M. College of Science, Imphal– 795001, Manipur, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to investigate the insecticidal properties of different plant extracts viz. Melia azadarach, Perthenium hysterophorus, Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus, Vitextrifolia, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium and Azadirachta indica against lesser grain borer, Rhizopertha dominica under the laboratory condition. Adult insects were exposed to the 1.5 g and2.5 g plant powder extract treated rice and mortality was assessed after 1,3,5,7 and 10 days. Therewas an increase in beetle mortality with days of exposure in all concentration. The result indicatedthat 2.5% P. hysterophorus and Z. acanthopodium extracts were more effective out of these sixplant extracts. They have shown high mortality (i.e. 75-80%) were found to be dose dependent. It was concluded that both P. hysterophorus and Z. acanthopodium can be used for the protection of stored rice grain from infestation of R. dominica.
IN VITRO STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ON PGPR MICROBES FROMTWODIFFERENT SOILS AND THEIR GROWTH EFFICIENCY ON ORYZA SATIVA (L.)
Authors:   Maruthupandiyar College, Pillairpatti, Thanjavur- 613403, Tamil Nadu, India., M S Deepthi , T Reena ,   Department of Microbiology, Malankara CatholicCollege, Mariagiri - 629 153, Tamil Nadu, India., M Deepu ,   3 Department of Biochemistry, Malankara CatholicCollege, Mariagiri - 629 153, Tamil Nadu, India. *Contact: 0770871884;
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of heavy metals on culturable rhizobacterial Pseudomonas fromhydrocarbon contaminated and ordinary soil. It deals with the isolation and characterization of culturable rhizobacterial from HC contaminated and normal soil also analyzed the influence of growth promoting efficiency of rice plant by Pseudomonas, Rhizobium. The heavy metal content of both soil samples were analyzed by AAS. Among the six heavy metals Calcium and Magnesiumwere found to be higher on both soils. Rhizobacterial strains isolated from hydrocarbon contaminatedsoil were more tolerant to heavy metals; the protein content was also higher when compared withrhizobacteria from normal soil. The Pseudomonas sp. from Hydrocarbon contaminated soil exhibitedbetter resistance to all the metals (Zn, Pb, Mn) than the normal soil, while the Rhizobium sp., showedmoderate resistance to the metal used on both soils. The representative PGPR strains of Pseudomonas, Rhizobium from both soils are tested for plant growth promoting activities and heavymetal tolerance pattern. The study revealed the following criterion of the observation such as whenthe rhizobacterial strains were isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil showed enhanced plant growth promoting activity also increased protein content compared with normal soil isolatedrhizobacteria. Futhermore, Pseudomonas species from the normal soil proved the appearance of sharp phosphate solublization zone indicating this isolate was an efficient phosphate solubilizer thanthe normal soil. The results established that the hydrocarbon contaminated soil extractedPseudomonas sp., bacterium possessed a major role for stimulation of root and shoot growth as well as enhances the rice yield production from hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
BIOEFFICACY OF TWO ENTOMOPATHGENIC NEMATODES AGAINST SPODOPTERALITTORALIS BOISDUVAL (LEPIDOPTERA) AND TEMNORHYNCHUS BAAL REICHE(COLEOPTERA) LARVAE
Authors:   Department of Vegetables, Medicinal andAromatic Plant Pests, Plant Protection ResearchInstitute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt., Atwa Atwa A , Hassan Shalaby H ,   Department of Vegetables, Medicinal andAromatic Plant Pests, Plant Protection ResearchInstitute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Efficacy of the two entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88 strain) and Steirnema glaseri Steiner (NJ strain), was tested on the fifth and third instar larvaeof Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Temnorhynchus baal (Reiche) under laboratory conditions. Experiments were conducted on filter paper and sandy soil substrates using nematode at 50, 100, 200and 400 infective juveniles/5ml of water. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was most effective on thefifth instar larvae of S. littoralis whereas S. glaseri was effective against third instar larvae of T. ball third. Insect mortality was high (60-90%) and low (<45%) at higher and lower nematodeconcentrations respectively. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora treated larvae of S. littoralis succumbedto the infection at the higher rates (80-100%) as compared to those treated with S. glaseri. The rate of mortality of S. littoralis was lowest when treated with S. glaseri (2-20%). The differences in the rateof nematode infection and insect mortality under various experimental conditions are attributed tothe difference in the behavior, virulence, rate of penetration and host searching abilities of nematodes and the abilities of insect pest larvae to resist nematode penetration. Present study suggests that entomopathogenic nematodes are important and effective biological control agents of most soil dwelling insect pests.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection Before and After Eradication Treatment on Physical Development and Nutritional Indicators of Children
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhang Yuanda , Han Li-Po , Wang Meiying , Bi Jing
Published: April 2024

Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection causes digestive disorders in children. Objectives: To investigate whether Hp infection affects the physical development and nutritional indicators of children. Methods: This retrospective study included 100 healthy children and 112 children with Hp infection who received eradication treatment. A retrospective statistical analysis was conducted on the height, weight, hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), albumin (ALB), and 25-(OH)D3 levels of all selected children. Results: Of the 112 children with Hp infection, 23 (20.5%) showed a positive 13C-urea breath test after a 1-year follow-up, and they were classified into the recurrence group. Following a 1-year follow-up, 89 (79.5%) children demonstrated negative results in the 13C-urea breath test and were selected for the non-recurrence group. Analysis of physical development and nutritional indices revealed lower Hb, SI, SF, and 25-(OH)D3 levels in the study group than in the control group before eradication treatment (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the control and study groups regarding body height, body weight, and ALB levels (P > 0.05). Following 1 year of eradication treatment, Hb, SI, SF, 25-(OH)D3, and ALB levels showed no significant difference between the study and control groups (P > 0.05). However, a relevant contrast was noted in 25-(OH)D3 levels between the non-recurrence and recurrence groups after 1 year of eradication treatment (P < 0.05), with the former group having lower levels than the latter. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection may impact Hb, SI, SF, and 25-(OH)D3 levels in children. Decreased 25-(OH)D3 may be a hazard for the recurrence of Hp infection.
Supporting Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients: Applying the 5-A Self-management Model to Alleviate Caregiver Burden
Authors: Zarmohammadi Zahra , Khatooni Marzieh , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Hosseinigolafshani Seyedeh Zahra
Published: April 2024

Background: Enduring chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis significantly impact patients' and their caregivers' physical, spiritual, psychological, and functional abilities. Objectives: To examine the impact of implementing the 5-A self-management model on the burden experienced by caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This experimental study, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design, involved 90 caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Caregivers were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the ZARIT caregiving burden tool. The intervention included implementing the 5-A Self-Management model. Data analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA, comparing scores before the intervention, immediately after, as well as one and three months later. Results: Prior to the intervention, caregivers in the intervention group experienced higher levels of pressure compared to the control group (P = 0.018). However, one month (P = 0.004) and three months (P = 0.003) after the intervention, the intervention group's scores were significantly lower than those of the control group. Furthermore, the effect of time (P < 0.001) and the interaction effect (P < 0.001) were statistically significant, indicating the intervention's positive impact on caregivers' burden and the differences in score changes over time. Conclusions: Implementation of the 5-A self-management model led to a significant reduction in the burden of caregiving among caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Providing self-management training tailored to the needs of hemodialysis patients and their caregivers is an effective approach to enhancing caregivers' abilities.
Pengembangan Video Animasi SIDARAH (Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia) untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Peserta Didik SD
Authors: Haq Innaka Arina , Enjang Yusup Ali  , Atep Sujana
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang peningkatan penguasaan konsep peserta didik setelah diberi media pembelajaran video animasi SIDARAH pada materi sistem peredaran darah manusia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE dimana video animasi SIDARAH berisikan mengenai materi sistem peredaran darah manusia yang dikemas semenarik mungkin untuk peserta didik sekolah dasar agar dalam pembelajaran tidak mudah bosan dan dilengkapi pula dengan animasi, karakter pendukung serta pertanyaan pemantik. Model eksperimen yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest control group dengan membandingkan hasil nilai pretest dan posttest kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Video animasi SIDARAH telah dilakukan uji validasi oleh beberapa ahli, yakni ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli bahasa. Penilaian para ahli terhadap video animasi SIDARAH mendapatkan skor 94% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dari hasil N-gain pada kelas eksperimen didapati peningkatan yang cukup signifikan yaitu sebesar 62,3% yang mana mendapatkan kategori cukup efektif dibandingkan kelas kontrol dengan persentase peningkatan hanya 30,8% saja, yang mana mendapatkan kategori tidak efektif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa video animasi SIDARAH sangat layak dan cukup efektif untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran materi sistem peredaran darah manusia khusunya pada kelas V.