bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge mapping of UMOD of English published work from 1985 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sun Guannan , Liu Chao , Song Chengcheng , Geng Xiaodong , Chi Kun , Fu Zhangning , Hong Quan , Wu Di
Published: June 2023

Background

UMOD is exclusively produced by renal epithelial cells. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggested that common variants in UMOD gene are closely connected with the risk of CKD. However, a comprehensive and objective report on the current status of UMOD research is lacking. Therefore, we aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis to quantify and identify the status quo and trending issues of UMOD research in the past.

Methods

We collected data from the Web of Science Core Collection database and used the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology, the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology and Microsoft Excel 2019 to perform bibliometricanalysis and visualization.

Results

Based on the data from the WoSCC database from 1985 to 2022, a total of 353 UMOD articles were published in 193 academic journals by 2346 authors from 50 different countries/regions and 396 institutions. The United States published the most papers. Professor Devuyst O from University of Zurich not only published the greatest number of UMOD-related papers but also is among the top 10 co-cited authors. KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL published the most necroptosis studies, and it was also the most cited journal. High-frequency keywords mainly included ‘chronic kidney disease’, ‘Tamm Horsfall protein’ and ‘mutation’.

Conclusions

The number of UMOD-related articles has steadily increased over the past decades Current UMOD studies focused on Biological relevance of the UMOD to kidney function and potential applications in the risk of CKD mechanisms, these might provide ideas for further research in the UMOD field.
Evidence on the impact of the Prudential Center on crime in downtown Newark
Authors: Campedelli Gian Maria , Piza Eric L. , Piquero Alex R. , Kurland Justin
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Evaluate the effects that Prudential Center events had on crime in downtown Newark from 2007 to 2015 in terms of incident counts and spatial characteristics.

Methods

We evaluate the effects of events held at the Prudential Center on crime counts via negative binomial regression. Through the Fasano-Franceschini test, we assess whether crimes that occurred during events spatially differ compared to the incidents in no-event hours. Finally, we employ logistic regression to assess the correlation between crime locations and activity at the center.

Results

Five event types (out of nine) are statistically associated with increases in crime. Spatially, differences in the distribution of incidents when the facility is active partially emerge. Two out of six location types (streets and parking lots) correlate with activity at the center.

Conclusions

The complex array of crime-related effects that the center has on downtown Newark suggests tailored policies discriminating between event and location types for enhancing public safety.
Mild exercise improves executive function with increasing neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex of older adults
Authors: Byun Kyeongho , Hyodo Kazuki , Suwabe Kazuya , Fukuie Takemune , Ha Min-seong , Damrongthai Chorphaka , Kuwamizu Ryuta , Koizumi Hikaru , Yassa Michael A. , Soya Hideaki
Published: June 2023

This study examined whether a 3-month mild-exercise intervention could improve executive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults in a randomized control trial. Ultimately, a total of 81 middle-aged and older adults were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group received 3 months of mild cycle exercise intervention (3 sessions/week, 30–50 min/session). The control group was asked to behave as usual for the intervention period. Before and after the intervention, participants did color-word matching Stroop tasks (CWST), and Stroop interference (SI)-related reaction time (RT) was assessed as an indicator of executive function. During the CWST, prefrontal activation was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). SI-related oxy-Hb changes and SI-related neural efficiency (NE) scores were assessed to examine the underlying neural mechanism of the exercise intervention. Although the mild-exercise intervention significantly decreased SI-related RT, there were no significant effects of exercise intervention on SI-related oxy-Hb changes or SI-related NE scores in prefrontal subregions. Lastly, changes in the effects of mild exercise on NE with advancing age were examined. The 81 participants were divided into two subgroups (younger-aged subgroup [YA], older-aged subgroup [OA], based on median age [68 years.]). Interestingly, SI-related RT significantly decreased, and SI-related NE scores in all ROIs of the prefrontal cortex significantly increased only in the OA subgroup. These results reveal that a long-term intervention of very light-intensity exercise has a positive effect on executive function especially in older adults, possibly by increasing neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex.
Humidity effect on temperature behavior of proton diffusion coefficient in sulfonated co-polynaphthoyleneimide membranes measured by 1H NMR diffusometry
Authors: Zavorotnaya Ulyana M. , Privalov Alexei F. , Wolter Celine , Vogel Michael , Ponomarev Igor I. , Sinitsyn Vitaly V.
Published: June 2023

Proton diffusion in the co-PNIS85/15 membrane was investigated in the temperature range from 200 to 363 K at different water contents (4 ≤ λ ≤ 21) using 1H SFG NMR diffusometry. At high hydration values, above the threshold value λ0 = 10.5, the ln(DNMR(1/T)) dependences show two different activation modes, separated by a crossover point Tcr ≈ 250–260 K. At temperatures above Tcr, the activation energy is Ea ~ 0.20 eV, which is close to the value for bulk water (Ea ~ 0.17 eV). At temperatures below the crossover point, the ln(DNMR(1/T)) dependences for different water contents merge together into one straight line characterized by a much higher Ea = 0.46 eV. At low hydration values λ < λ0, the activation energies for the high-temperature and low-temperature modes converge, so that at λ = 4, the dependence ln(DNMR(1/T)) is described by one straight line throughout the studied temperature range with Ea = 0.38 eV. A model is proposed that phenomenologically describes the diffusion in the co-PNIS membrane at different moisture contents λ.
Logistics business model evolution: digital platforms and connected and autonomous vehicles as disruptors
Authors: Turienzo Javier , Blanco Alicia , F. Lampón Jesús , del Pilar Muñoz-Dueñas Maria
Published: June 2023

Business models are being transformed by increasing digitalization of the economy and the emergence of technological systems. In logistics, through innovation and the implementation of information processing systems using digital platforms and the integration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV), the transformation of business models is being bolstered. However, the digitalization of the business fabric and the predisposition to integrate into logistics platforms will condition business evolution. This paper aims to reveal the evolutionary trends in the business models of companies in the road freight transport sector, and also to outline the benefits and main barriers faced by managers in creating, delivering, and capturing value in a business environment characterized by the emergence of new business models, digital logistics platforms and CAVs. Through qualitative research based on interviews with strategy managers and senior executives from mobility and technology companies, the findings reveal the importance of business integration on digital platforms to optimize resources and deliver better services. By managing aggregated data from CAVs, digital platforms will enable personalized and comprehensive services through omni-channel delivery. By creating single interfaces for contracting, customer care and customer service, platforms enable companies to specialize in specific services and increase profitability while covering complete needs through cross-company collaborations.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: Technological Progress and Biomedical Application in Cancer Research
Authors: Chang Xu , Zheng Yunxi , Xu Kai
Published: June 2023

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is a revolutionary technology that allows for the genomic investigation of individual cells in a population, allowing for the discovery of unusual cells associated with cancer and metastasis. ScRNA-seq has been used to discover different types of cancers with poor prognosis and medication resistance such as lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer. Besides, scRNA-seq is a promising method that helps us comprehend the biological features and dynamics of cell development, as well as other disorders. This review gives a concise summary of current scRNA-seq technology. We also explain the main technological steps involved in implementing the technology. We highlight the present applications of scRNA-seq in cancer research, including tumor heterogeneity analysis in lung cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. In addition, this review elucidates potential applications of scRNA-seq in lineage tracing, personalized medicine, illness prediction, and disease diagnosis, which reveals that scRNA-seq facilitates these events by producing genetic variations on the single-cell level.
Medical oncology workload, workforce census, and needs in Spain: two nationwide studies by the Spanish Society of medical oncology
Authors: Fernandez Montes Ana , Elez Elena , de la Haba-Rodriguez Juan , Paez David , Mendez-Vidal Maria Jose , Felip Enriqueta , Rodriguez-Lescure Alvaro
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Growing complexity and demand for cancer care entail increased challenges for Medical Oncology (MO). The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) has promoted studies to provide updated data to estimate the need for medical oncologists in 2040 and to analyse current professional standing of young medical oncologists.

Methods

Two national, online surveys were conducted. The first (2021) targeted 146 Heads of MO Departments, and the second (2022), 775 young medical oncologists who had completed their MO residency between 2014 and 2021. Participants were contacted individually, and data were processed anonymously.

Results

Participation rates reached 78.8% and 48.8%, respectively. The updated data suggest that 87–110 new medical oncologist full-time equivalents (FTEs) should be recruited each year to achieve an optimal ratio of 110–130 new cases per medical oncologist FTE by 2040. The professional standing analysis reveals that 9.1% of medical oncologists trained in Spain do not work in clinical care in the country, with tremendous employment instability (only 15.2% have a permanent contract). A high percentage of young medical oncologists have contemplated career paths other than clinical care (64.5%) or working in other countries (51.7%).

Conclusions

Optimal ratios of medical oncologists must be achieved to tackle the evolution of MO workloads and challenges in comprehensive cancer care. However, the incorporation and permanence of medical oncologists in the national healthcare system in Spain could be compromised by their current sub-optimal professional standing.
Factors Associated with Children’s Subjective Wellbeing During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Goswami Haridhan , Goswami Gour Gobinda , Banik Bijoy Krishna , Khalil M. Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

The study of subjective wellbeing has received increasing interest among social science researchers and policy makers in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there appears to be a gap in the knowledge in terms of how the children experienced the pandemic, which may be different from the experience encountered by the adults. This article fills this gap by (a) examining children’s self-reported experience of the pandemic in Bangladesh and (b) identifying the socio-demographic, economic and psycho-social factors which were associated with their subjective wellbeing during the pandemic in the country. For this purpose, a child friendly questionnaire was developed, and a survey was conducted among 1370 children aged 10–12 years. The disruption caused by the pandemic was evident in children’s reporting of the movement of families from their usual place of living, job losses by their parents, food poverty, digital divide, and fear of the pandemic. In terms of factors affecting children’s wellbeing, eight factors (rural-urban differential, food poverty, digital inequality, support from friends and family, ability to manage learning from home, self-perceived safety, and worry about changes in student life) were found to have had statistically significant association with their wellbeing during the pandemic. These findings are discussed in the context of child wellbeing theories and previous empirical studies. Some policies are identified and put forward as recommendations for improving children’s wellbeing in Bangladesh.
Analyzing the Risk of Being a Victim of School Bullying. The Relevance of Students’ Self-Perceptions
Authors: Segovia-González M.M. , Ramírez-Hurtado José M. , Contreras I.
Published: June 2023

School bullying is a growing concern in almost all developed economies, bringing negative and serious consequences for those students involved in the role of victims. In this paper, we propose to analyze this topic for the case of Spain, considering the data compiled in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) report in 2018. The sample size consists of 12,549 15-old-year students (51.84% females and 48.16% males). With the help of structural equation models (SEM), we aim to detect the relationship between the risk of being a victim of bullying and several self-appreciations expressed by the students. We have considered variables that try to measure individual perceptions in several aspects, such as the self-image, the help provided by parents and teachers and how the school environment’s safety is perceived. A multigroup analysis was also performed to see the impact of the socioeconomic level of the families and the students’ academic performances on the proposed model. We conclude that several of those aspects are directly related with the risk of being bullied and this risk is higher in those students who present school failure and have a lower socioeconomic status. In this regard, the results would permit pointing out some aspects in which the decision-makers can focus their proposals to establish prevention measures.
Conjugate complex harmonic functions
Authors: Reséndis O Lino F. , Tovar S Luis M. , Bravo O Yesenia
Published: June 2023

This paper presents several properties and relations that satisfy the components of a bicomplex holomorphic function. It also exhibits several analogies and differences with the case of analytic functions.
A combined SPH-DEM approach for extremely deformed granular packings: validation and compression tests
Authors: Castro Francisco Javier , Radl Stefan
Published: June 2023

We present a novel smoothed particle hydrodynamics-discrete element method (SPH-DEM) approach for the simulation of deformable granular media. First, we show how the method converges to the analytical solution in a simple contact mechanics problem, namely the Hertz contact law for elastic spherical grains. Second, we analyze the evolution of a 2D packing of disks under uniaxial compression, displaying the evolution of key metrics of the packing such as the coordination number and the vertical stress. We show that the code produces data in quantitative agreement with what is known from literature. Finally, we demonstrate that our SPH-DEM coupling can be used to study packings of deformable grains from the onset of jamming to extremely compacted states, reaching packing fractions of $$\phi \simeq 0.995$$

ϕ
≃
0.995

.
Integrating real-time manufacturing data into a novel serial two-stage adaptive alternate genetic fireworks algorithm for solving stochastic type-II simple assembly line balancing problem
Authors: Peng Fei , Zheng Li
Published: June 2023

Due to various interference factors, a pre-planned assembly scheme and its cycle time can be disturbed, resulting in the failure of product delivery on schedule. However, when assembly data of the production line can be obtained in real time, the balance of the assembly line could be dynamically adjusted in case of experiencing serious interferences to optimize its cycle time in time and improve its production efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic rebalancing framework by integrating real time manufacturing data into a novel serial two-stage adaptive alternate genetic fireworks algorithm for solving a stochastic type-II simple assembly line balancing problem (SSALBP-II). MES (manufacturing execution system) is used to obtain some real time data such as the resource status, operation information and task information and to judge abnormal phenomenon and the overdue delivery caused by interferences. On this basis, the stochastic type-II simple assembly line balance model is constructed, with a new serial two-stage adaptive alternate genetic fireworks algorithm (STAGFA). This new algorithm can incorporate both genetic algorithm and fireworks algorithm to solve the model according to the transformation of population diversity discrimination index. Through the comparison between STAGFA and other algorithms such as fireworks algorithm, genetic algorithm, other improved intelligent algorithms, it is proved that the STAGFA is effective and superior in solving the assembly line (re)balance problem. Then, the rebalanced scheme verified by simulation is dispatched to control the physical assembly line and realize dynamic rebalancing cycle time effectively.
The paths to the atomic structures of proteins and nucleic acids
Authors: Schulz Georg E.
Published: June 2023

Atomic structures of large biological molecules were first established by scattering X-rays in protein crystals and later with crystals of nucleic acids. Good crystals allow for an accuracy of 0.1 Å (10−11 m) that may reveal details of catalytic processes. The novel cryo-electron microscopy method does not need crystals and it can establish chain folds confidently. Chain folds can also be derived from NMR data to produce numerous binary atomic distances. Recently, chain folds for a given amino acid sequence were derived by mere computing, based on the presently available large library of proteins that are related by their amino acid sequences and structures.

Graphical abstract
Theoretical considerations of field penetration index model and its application in TBM performance prediction
Authors: Feng Shangxin , Wang Shanyong
Published: June 2023

Field penetration index (FPI) is a representative key indicator for tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance estimation, however its application in real tunneling projects is still limited because of the lack of some theoretical knowledge on the relationships between FPI, rock mass properties, and TBM specifications. This study aims to establish a theoretical FPI model by analyzing the tool–rock interaction of disc cutters from a theoretical perspective. This was first done by comparison of the tool–rock interaction of the disc cutter with that of the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit, which indicated that they share similar rock breakage mechanisms and force equilibrium. A series of cutting tests were then conducted on granite, marble, and limestone to determine the relationship between rotary torque and applied thrust during the rock cutting. Referring to the test results and tool–rock interaction features of the PDC bit and disc cutter, a theoretical FPI model of the disc cutter was derived and verified using the field TBM performance dataset. It was found that the rotary torque was linearly correlated with the thrust but independent of the rotation speed during the rock cutting. In addition to the machine specifications’ contribution, rock mass parameters and abrasiveness purely control this linear relationship. The theoretical FPI model proved that FPI shows a strong positive linear relationship with rock mass properties (uniaxial compressive strength and rock integrity), even under different drilling conditions, providing a theoretical basis for empirical FPI model establishment. Therefore, in practical engineering, it is recommended to use multi-parameter rock mass classification system values—such as rock structure rating (RSR), rock mass rating (RMR), and tunneling quality index(Q)—instead of individual rock mass properties —such as uniaxial compressive strength, to establish or update semiempirical FPI models.
Associations between serum vitamin D status and the cardiometabolic profile of patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Georgoulis Michael , Kontogianni Meropi D. , Kechribari Ioanna , Tenta Roxane , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Lamprou Kallirroi , Perraki Eleni , Vagiakis Emmanouil , Yiannakouris Nikos
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently coexist. Low serum vitamin D has been positively associated with OSA presence and severity; however, data on its link to cardiometabolic features in patients with OSA remain scarce. We aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and explore its association with cardiometabolic parameters in OSA.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study among 262 patients (49 ± 9 years old, 73% men) with polysomnography-diagnosed OSA. Participants were evaluated in terms of anthropometric indices, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, biochemical, plasma inflammatory and urinary oxidative stress markers, and the presence of MetS. Serum 25(OH)D was assessed by chemiluminescence, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL.

Results

Median (1st, 3rd quartile) serum 25(OH)D levels were 17.7 (13.4, 22.9) ng/mL and 63% of participants had VDD. Serum 25(OH)D correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urinary oxidized guanine species (oxG), and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.050). In logistic regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of MetS [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.94 (0.90–0.98)], after adjustment for age, sex, season of blood sampling, Mediterranean diet score, physical activity, smoking, apnea–hypopnea index, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and oxG. In the same multivariate model, VDD was associated with ~ twofold greater odds of MetS [2.39 (1.15, 4.97)].

Conclusion

VDD is highly prevalent and is associated with a detrimental cardiometabolic profile among patients with OSA.
Assessing rural households’ biomass consumption patterns in three Upazilas in Khulna district of Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rahul , Sharmin Arifa , Ashaduzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Akramul
Published: June 2023

In developing countries, rural households instinctively burn huge amounts of biomass fuel, which has become a concern at present. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the consumption pattern of biomass fuel in relation to socio-economic factors in rural households in the three upazilas (subdistricts) in Khulna district of Bangladesh. The consumption pattern of biomass fuel was assessed by multistage random sampling techniques with a semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that households incorporate a variety of fuel sources, of which 97% use various types of biomass fuel, e.g., firewood, leaves and twigs, coconut shell and coir, crop residues, cow dung, etc. The average monthly household biomass fuel consumption was 193 kg, with a monthly expenditure of 5.86 USD. The largest share of biomass fuel was derived from firewood, which amounted to 105 kg per month. The middle income group and Kacha (clay) type households consume more biomass than other types of households. The major sources of biomass fuel were found in their home gardens and agricultural lands. These biomass fuels are mainly used for domestic cooking, and most of the households in the study area used general stoves. Among commonly available species, ten firewood species were identified as the most preferred by the majority of households in the study area. Insights from our research may be utilized to promote accessibility to clean energy for households in Bangladesh and other countries alike.
Britain and the Political Economy of European Military Aerospace Collaboration, 1960–2023
Authors: Hayward Keith
Published: June 2023

The UK has been collaborating with international, primarily European partners in the design, development and production of advanced combat aircraft for over sisty years. Driven by a combination of rising costs and limited domestic markets, collaboration has also been a highly political act involving a combination of national, industrial and technological interests. Over the years, the form of collaboration has evolved, in some cases leading to the creation of transnational companies. The UK has been a pioneer of globalisation in the defence industry, establishing a strong presence inside the US defence market and has become a significant partner with American companies in key military aerospace programmes. This has contributed to divisions within the European military aerospace industry which are likely to continue into the next generation of combat aircraft.
Corporate Social Responsibility Across the Globe
Authors: Osuji Onyeka K. , Ngwu Franklin N. , Lynch-Wood Gary
Published: June 2023

Corporate Social Responsibility Across the Globe demonstrates many ways that CSR can be applied by law to overcome regulation and governance challenges around the world. Using interdisciplinary and comparative models and perspectives, the book challenges dominant understandings of CSR, such as neoliberal voluntarism, and demonstrates the regulatory and governance implications of an interdependent relationship between CSR and the law. The book identifies substantive and procedural barriers for CSR in national, public, and private international law. By analyzing, deconstructing, and reframing CSR in these contexts, the book underlines opportunities for more effective application of CSR as a governance mechanism. Chapters investigate relevant regulation concepts, paradigms and approaches for CSR; methods for infusing CSR in corporate governance; and ways to facilitate private regulation of CSR in more developed, emerging, and developing jurisdictions.
Rapid assessment of vessel noise events and quiet periods in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve using a convolutional neural net
Authors: Haver Samara M. , Gustafson Kyle B. , Gabriele Christine M.
Published: June 2023

Patterns of underwater human-generated noise events and durations of noise-free intervals (NFIs) are soundscape metrics that can potentially affect animal communication and behavior. Due to the arduous task of manual analysis, these metrics have not been described in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GBNP). To surmount this challenge, we created a machine-learning (ML) model trained on 18 hr of labeled audio samples from a hydrophone operating in GBNP since 2000. The validated convolutional neural net transfer-learning model (GBNP-CNN) was used to classify several categories of sound sources in nearly 9,000 hours of data from the same hydrophone, enabling our study of vessel noise between 2017 and 2020. We focused on the occurrence and duration of NFI and the hourly proportion (HP) of vessel noise. As expected, shorter NFI and higher HP were found during daytime hours. The GBNP-CNN F1 score was 75%, largely due to the model’s confusion of vessel noise with harbor seal roars. Therefore, NFI lengths should be considered minimum estimates, but the errors do not qualitatively affect diurnal or seasonal patterns. In 2018, mean daytime NFI during peak tourism months (June–August) was less than half the duration compared to May and September (1.3 min vs. 2.9 min). In 2020, when large-vessel tourism was substantially reduced but small-craft activity continued, we found that HP decreased in June–August. In conjunction with other soundscape metrics, monitoring NFI trends using ML models such as GBNP-CNN will provide crucial information for management and conservation of acoustic habitats and sensitive species in GBNP.
SOPHOCLES, THYESTES FR. 260A RADT
Authors: Suaria Tommaso
Published: June 2023

Two conjectures are proposed on Sophocles’ Thyestes (fr. 260a Radt) which restore Sophoclean language and metre.
Cross-linguistic differences in predicting L2 sentence structure: The use of categorical and gradient verb constraints
Authors: Şafak Duygu F. , Hopp Holger
Published: June 2023

This study investigates whether cross-linguistic differences affect how adult second language (L2) learners use different types of verb subcategorization information for prediction in real-time sentence comprehension. Using visual world eye-tracking, we tested if first language (L1) German and L1 Turkish intermediate-to-advanced learners of L2 English make use of categorical and gradient probabilistic selectional information of ditransitive verbs to predict whether the verbs would be followed by prepositional-object or double-object dative constructions. L1 German learners used both categorical (“pay/*donate the woman the money”) and gradient (“pay/#send the woman the money”) constraints for prediction in a target-like manner. In contrast, L1 Turkish learners were delayed in recruiting categorical verb information and were only selectively sensitive to gradient verb information. We argue that target-like predictive processing across categorical and gradient verb information is attainable for L2 learners, but differences in L1-L2 word order may curtail the utility of prediction by verb subcategorization information in L2 processing.
Using Topic Modelling to Reassess Heritage Values from a People-centred Perspective: Applications from the North of England
Authors: Tenzer Martina , Schofield John
Published: June 2023

The historic environment—comprising a palimpsest of landscapes, buildings and objects—carries meaning and plays a crucial role in giving people a sense of place, identity and belonging. It represents a repository of ever-accumulating collective and individually held values—shared perceptions, experiences, life histories, beliefs and traditions. These social or private values are mostly ascribed by people to familiar places within this environment based on the ontological security which this everyday heritage provides. However, these values are notoriously hard to capture and categorize. This makes it difficult to incorporate them into heritage-management strategies, which typically rely on objective, fact-based datasets. In this paper, we present a new methodology to capture those elusive values, by combining Topic Modelling with the principles of Grounded Theory. Results show that our novel approach is viable and replicable and that these important values can be effectively and meaningfully integrated, thus creating more inclusive approaches to heritage management than exist currently.
Deployment of the French Civil Protection Field Hospital (ESCRIM) in Gölbaşi, Turkey after the February 2023 Earthquake: Lessons Learned
Authors: Kedzierewicz Romain , Couret Anthony , Cazes Nicolas , Süsler Alizée , Arvieux Catherine , Arnaud Isabelle , Agopian Philippe , Boutillier-du-Retail Cédric , Travers Stéphane , Aydin Mehmet Emin , Pourret Didier , Bancarel Jérôme
Published: June 2023

Following the two earthquakes that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5, causing over 50,000 deaths and 100,000 injuries, France proposed to deploy, via the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism (EUCPM), the French Civil Protection Field Hospital (ESCRIM [Élément de Sécurité Civile Rapide d’Intervention Médicale]): the French World Health Organization (WHO)-classified Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Level 2 (EMT2).

After the acceptance from Turkey on February 8, a disaster assessment team (DAT) was sent on February 10, 2023. It was decided, with local health authorities (LHA), to set up the field hospital in Gölbaşi, Adiyaman Province where the State Hospital was closed due to a structural risk.

Arriving in Gölbaşi on February 13 at 2:00am in -12°C (10°F) temperatures, the detachment had no choice but to begin setting up the base of operation (BoO). At dawn, the cold was so intense that one doctor suffered from frostbite. Once the BoO was installed, the team set up the hospital tents. From 11:00am, the sun melted the snow and the ground became very muddy. The objective being to open the hospital as soon as possible, installation of the hospital continued, and it opened on February 14 at 12:00pm/noon, less than 36 hours after on-site arrival.

This article describes the mechanics of setting up an EMT-2 in a cold climate, the many problems encountered, and the solutions imagined and proposed.
India, the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and the 1979 Virginity Testing Scandal
Authors: Parekh Jinal , Datta Antara
Published: June 2023

This article looks at India’s complaint at the United Nations Human Rights Commission in 1979 about the ‘virginity test’ performed on a migrant Indian woman at Heathrow. It examines the use of arguments about race and racial discrimination by India to compel Britain to discuss immigration on a bilateral basis. The article argues that the pivot to a race-based argument was deliberately patriarchal and India’s main concern in these negotiations was the impending British Nationality Act of 1981, which would prevent men from moving to Britain in search of an overseas wife. Using the virginity testing scandal, the article re-examines the changing role of discourses about race in postcolonial institutions of global governance.
Design and analysis of planar four-port UWB-MIMO antenna with band-rejection capability
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Singh Hari Shankar , Upadhyay Rahul
Published: June 2023

This manuscript presents a 50 Ω microstrip-fed quad-element high isolated ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with band-notched characteristics. The overall area of the proposed structure is 0.33λo × 0.33λo mm2 (where λo depicts the free space wavelength corresponding to the lower cutoff frequency, i.e. 2.54 GHz), etched on an FR-4 substrate of thickness 0.8 mm. The top layer has four semicircular disc-shaped radiating elements that are identical and orthogonal to obtain better inter-element isolation and compactness. A reverse two-shaped slot is etched onto the radiating patches to attain a band-rejection capability. Moreover, a decoupling structure is also placed at the top layer to suppress the unwanted surface waves. The bottom layer consists of a ground plane, which is further modified with quasi-self complementary and meandered line slots. A rectangular slot is also etched below the feed line to better match the impedance near the lower cutoff frequencies. The simulated reflection coefficients (S11) of the proposed antenna are less than −10 dB over 2.54 to 10.74 GHz frequencies except at 3.37 to 4.15 GHz (WiMAX/C band), and the simulated inter-port isolation (S21) is greater than −15 dB over the entire UWB range of frequencies (3.1 to 10.6 GHz). Also, the measured S-parameter results well agreed with the simulated ones. Furthermore, the simulation study of the 20-element UWB-MIMO antenna is also investigated using the proposed quad-element structure.
Boron and Molybdenum Isotope Evidence for Source‐Controlled Compositional Diversity of Cenozoic Granites in the Eastern Tethyan Himalaya
Authors: Fan Jing‐Jing , Wang Qiang , Wei Gang‐Jian , Li Jie , Ma Lin , Zhang Xiu‐Zheng , Jiang Zi‐Qi , Ma Jin‐Long , Zhou Jin‐Sheng , Li Qi‐Wei , Wang Zi‐Long , Liu Xiao , Huang Tong‐Yu , Zhang Miao‐Yan
Published: June 2023

The origins of Cenozoic granites in the Himalaya are key to understanding the evolution of the Himalayan orogen. However, it is unclear whether these granites represent primary melts, and the nature of their magma source is controversial. Here, we present a systematic element and Sr–Nd–B–Mo isotope study of Cenozoic granites from the Yardoi area in the eastern Tethyan Himalaya, China. These granites can be divided into two groups: mid‐Eocene porphyritic two‐mica granites with low SiO2 contents (65.9−69.6 wt.%) and adakitic geochemical signatures, and mid‐Eocene to Miocene equigranular granites with high SiO2 contents (71.6−75.5 wt.%). The high‐SiO2 granites (HSG) have similar Sr−Nd isotope compositions to the low‐SiO2 granites (LSG), but they have distinct δ11B values of −19.4‰ to −11.4‰ and −10.6‰ to −6.89‰. This indicates that the two groups have different sources, with the LSG derived by partial melting dominantly of metamafic rocks at thickened lower crustal conditions, and the HSG generated by partial melting of the mid‐crust metasedimentary rocks with less enriched Nd isotope compositions. The δ98/95Mo of the LSG and HSG are highly variable with values of −0.68‰ to 0.12‰ and −1.13‰ to 0.46‰, respectively. δ11B values of the HSG correlate positively with δ98/95Mo and Sr/Y values and correlate negatively with K2O, Rb, Zr, and Rb/Sr, reflecting the addition of external metamorphic fluids during anatexis of the metapelites. The B–Mo isotope data robustly suggest source‐controlled compositional diversity of the Himalayan granites, which could provide clues to the physical and geochemical responses during the evolution of a large orogen.
North American Monsoon Impacts Southern California's Coastal Low Clouds
Authors: Clemesha Rachel E. S. , Iacobellis Sam F. , Gershunov Alexander , Cayan Daniel R. , Small Ivory J. , Cavazos Tereza
Published: June 2023

Low‐level stratiform clouds modulate California's coastal climate during the warm season. Previous work describing the seasonal and daily variability of coastal low cloudiness (CLC) suggests that in July, August, and September southern California's CLC is under the influence of an additional driver, which has less impact in northern California. In this work, we introduce the link in which free‐tropospheric moisture dictated by North American Monsoon (NAM) processes can impact southern California CLC. We use in situ and remote sensing observations, as well as reanalysis and single column model simulations to identify and investigate this previously missing component. We find that monsoonal moisture advected by southeasterly flow from the core NAM region into southern California reduces CLC by diminishing cloud‐top longwave cooling. To add to an already complex brew of known factors influencing coastal cloudiness, another one is hereby introduced and should be accounted for in future work.
Snow Suppresses Seismic Signals From Steamboat Geyser
Authors: Reed Mara H. , Manga Michael
Published: June 2023

Geyser and volcano monitoring suffer from temporal, geographic, and instrumental biases. We present a recording bias identified through multiyear monitoring of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Eruptions of Steamboat are the tallest of any geyser in the world and they produce broadband signals at two nearby stations in the Yellowstone National Park Seismograph Network. In winter, we observe lower eruption signal amplitudes at these seismometers. Instead of a source effect, we find that environmental conditions affect the recorded signals. Lower amplitudes for 23–45 Hz frequencies are correlated with greater snow depths at the station 340 m away from Steamboat, and we calculate an energy attenuation coefficient of 0.21 ± 0.01 dB per cm of snow. More long‐term monitoring is needed at geysers to track changes over time and identify recording biases that may be missed during short, sporadic studies.
Improved Characterization of Ultralow‐Velocity Zones Through Advances in Bayesian Inversion of ScP Waveforms
Authors: Pachhai Surya , Thorne Michael S. , Rost Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Ultralow‐velocity zones (ULVZs) have been studied using a variety of seismic phases; however, their physical origin is still poorly understood. Short period ScP waveforms are extensively used to infer ULVZ properties because they may be sensitive to all ULVZ elastic moduli and thickness. However, ScP waveforms are additionally complicated by the effects of path attenuation, coherent noise, and source complexity. To address these complications, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian inversion method that allows us to invert ScP waveforms from multiple events simultaneously and accounts for path attenuation and correlated noise. The inversion method is tested with synthetic predictions which show that the inclusion of attenuation is imperative to recover ULVZ parameters accurately and that the ULVZ thickness and S‐wave velocity decrease are most reliably recovered. Utilizing multiple events simultaneously reduces the effects of coherent noise and source time function complexity, which in turn allows for the inclusion of more data to be used in the analyses. We next applied the method to ScP data recorded in Australia for 291 events that sample the core‐mantle boundary beneath the Coral Sea. Our results indicate, on average, ∼12‐km thick ULVZ with ∼14% reduction in S‐wave velocity across the region, but there is a greater variability in ULVZ properties in the south than that in the north of the sampled region. P‐wave velocity reductions and density perturbations are mostly below 10%. These ScP data show more than one ScP post‐cursor in some areas which may indicate complex 3‐D ULVZ structures.
Proteinaceous Matter in PM2.5 in Suburban Guiyang, Southwestern China: Decreased Importance in Long‐Range Transport and Atmospheric Degradation
Authors: Lin Xi , Xu Yu , Zhu Ren‐Guo , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Xiao Hua‐Yun
Published: June 2023

Proteinaceous matter (PrM) is a substantial constituent in bioaerosols. However, the sources and atmospheric processes of PrM remain large uncertainties. The characterizations, sources, and potential atmospheric processes of free amino acids (FAAs) and combined amino acids (CAAs) were investigated via a set of 1‐year fine particle (PM2.5) samples collected in suburban Guiyang (a hilly basin area in Southwest China). The annual average concentrations of FAAs and CAAs were 156.31 ± 41.52 and 315.36 ± 147.66 ng m−3, respectively. The dominant FAA and CAA species were proline, which was different from previous observations with glycine as a major species. The results indicated that the sources or atmospheric processes of aerosol PrM at this study site were different from previous observations in the urban and suburban areas. The analysis of AA‐nitrogen isotope compositions and air mass back trajectories suggested that the abundances of aerosol FAAs and CAAs were highly controlled by primary sources (particularly plants) with less impact from long‐range transport. Furthermore, the contributions of PrM degradation by ozone‐ and hydroxyl radical‐related processes to total FAAs were found to be minor. The overall results suggested that the long‐range transport and atmospheric degradation of PrM were insignificant factors affecting aerosol PrM abundance in this suburban area with the weak atmospheric oxidation capacity, high cloud cover rate, and frequent precipitation. Thus, the findings improve our understanding of the sources and atmospheric processes of aerosol PrM.
Review: Modeling the Effects of Salinity and Sodicity in Agricultural Systems
Authors: Kramer Isaac , Mau Yair
Published: June 2023

Soil salinity and sodicity are major concerns in agricultural systems, threatening plant growth in the short term and soil health in the long term. Despite these risks, use of marginal quality water with high salt concentrations is often essential to maintaining food production, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. Leveraging our understanding of basic soil processes and feedbacks is essential for ensuring sustainable use of marginal quality water and land. Models are an important component in effective management, since they allow us to investigate large numbers of potential future scenarios, augmenting our ability to predict the consequences of agricultural practices. In this review, we examine the most advanced models for studying the effects of salinity and sodicity on plant health and soil structure. We place special emphasis on the integration of these frameworks into dynamical models, which can be used to examine how changing climate and irrigation conditions lead to evolving plant and soil responses over time. We highlight important differences in existing modeling frameworks, especially with regard to their relative complexity and suitability for integration into larger climate models. We overview important applications of these models, including studies of localized leaching of salts, complex ion chemistry, the dynamics in layered profiles, and the risk of long‐term soil degradation as a result of particular irrigation practices.
Broad host tropism of ACE2-using MERS-related coronaviruses and determinants restricting viral recognition
Authors: Ma Chengbao , Liu Chen , Xiong Qing , Gu Mengxue , Shi Lulu , Wang Chunli , Si Junyu , Tong Fei , Liu Peng , Huang Meiling , Yan Huan
Published: June 2023

Recently, two Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) closely related to bat merbecoviruses, NeoCoV and PDF-2180, were discovered to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry. The two viruses cannot use human ACE2 efficiently, and their host range and cross-species transmissibility across a wide range of mammalian species remain unclear. Herein, we characterized the species-specific receptor preference of these viruses by testing ACE2 orthologues from 49 bats and 53 non-bat mammals through receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding and pseudovirus entry assays. Results based on bat ACE2 orthologues revealed that the two viruses were unable to use most, but not all, ACE2 from Yinpterochiropteran bats (Yin-bats), which is distinct from NL63 and SARS-CoV-2. Besides, both viruses exhibited broad receptor recognition spectra across non-bat mammals. Genetic and structural analyses of bat ACE2 orthologues highlighted four crucial host range determinants, all confirmed by subsequent functional assays in human and bat cells. Notably, residue 305, participating in a critical viral receptor interaction, plays a crucial role in host tropism determination, particularly in non-bat mammals. Furthermore, NeoCoV and PDF-2180 mutants with enhanced human ACE2 recognition expanded the potential host range, especially by enhancing their interaction with an evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic pocket. Our results elucidate the molecular basis for the species-specific ACE2 usage of MERS-related viruses and shed light on their zoonotic risks.
Whole-mount smFISH allows combining RNA and protein quantification at cellular and subcellular resolution
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Fonseca Alejandro , Meschichi Anis , Sicard Adrien , Rosa Stefanie
Published: June 2023

Multicellular organisms result from complex developmental processes largely orchestrated through the quantitative spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Yet, obtaining absolute counts of messenger RNAs at a three-dimensional resolution remains challenging, especially in plants, owing to high levels of tissue autofluorescence that prevent the detection of diffraction-limited fluorescent spots. In situ hybridization methods based on amplification cycles have recently emerged, but they are laborious and often lead to quantification biases. In this article, we present a simple method based on single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to visualize and count the number of mRNA molecules in several intact plant tissues. In addition, with the use of fluorescent protein reporters, our method also enables simultaneous detection of mRNA and protein quantity, as well as subcellular distribution, in single cells. With this method, research in plants can now fully explore the benefits of the quantitative analysis of transcription and protein levels at cellular and subcellular resolution in plant tissues.