bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral and oropharynx cancer in South America
Authors: Curado Maria Paula , Johnson Newell W , Kerr Alexander Ross , Silva Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e , Lanfranchi Hector , Pereira Débora Lima , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Vargas Pablo Agustin
Published: August 2016

Objectives:

To describe the incidence and mortality of oral and oropharynx cancers in South America using available public databases and to discuss the main pitfalls for acquiring reliable data.

Methods:

The incidence data for oral cavity and oropharynx cancers for South America were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents/International Agency for Research on Cancer for the period 1998–2007. Mortality rates in South America were obtained from the World Health Organization/IARC database for the period 1999–2012. The number of cases for Brazil was obtained from the National Cancer Institute/missing stage for the period 2000–2010, whereas the São Paulo cancer registry was used to collect data from the most populated state in Brazil for the period 2000–2008.

Results:

The incidence of oral and oropharynx cancers in South America varied, with the highest rates observed in Brazil among males. The mortality data in selected South American countries ranged from 0.72 to 6.04/100,000 and the proportion of ill-defined deaths in South America varied from 5.0% to 22.0%. Mortality trends for males decreased about 2.5% in most of the countries, excluding Brazil, whereas among females, a significant decrease occurred only in Colombia, with an increase in Brazil and Peru.

Conclusion:

Although there is a lack of reliable databases in South America, the available data demonstrate a decrease in mortality trends in most countries and the highest incidence in Brazil. The development and improvement of national cancer public databases in South America are highly desirable and necessary to better understand the characteristics and distribution of these neoplasms.
Management Learning as Collaborative Visual Encounter
Authors: Robson Ian
Published: August 2016

This article reviews a body of literature that relates to the use of aesthetic, specifically visual, methods in organizational research and management education. Visual methods are associated with a range of benefits for those studying management and organization, including the elicitation of emotional responses, support for reflection and self-reflexivity, making varied forms of knowledge explicit, and in supporting dialogue and collaborative learning. Key implications for management educators are outlined, which include the need to appreciate the nature of aesthetic-visual “knowing” and to evaluate methods with pedagogical criteria, to consider the type of visual “space” educators need to create, to build individuals’ capacities to use visual methods, and to facilitate visual encounters appropriately. A set of practical “starting points” are also identified for management educators, drawn from the author’s teaching practice.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting Fc μ receptor selectively eliminate CLL cells while sparing healthy B cells
Authors: Faitschuk Elena , Hombach Andreas A. , Frenzel Lukas P. , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Abken Hinrich
Published: August 2016

Key Points

FcμR is a more selective target for the CAR T-cell therapy of CLL compared with currently used targets, including CD19.
RES-Scanner: a software package for genome-wide identification of RNA-editing sites
Authors: Wang Zongji , Lian Jinmin , Li Qiye , Zhang Pei , Zhou Yang , Zhan Xiaoyu , Zhang Guojie
Published: August 2016

Background

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides a powerful solution for the genome-wide identification of RNA-editing sites. However, it remains a great challenge to distinguish RNA-editing sites from genetic variants and technical artifacts caused by sequencing or read-mapping errors.

Results

Here we present RES-Scanner, a flexible and efficient software package that detects and annotates RNA-editing sites using matching RNA-seq and DNA-seq data from the same individuals or samples. RES-Scanner allows the use of both raw HTS reads and pre-aligned reads in BAM format as inputs. When inputs are HTS reads, RES-Scanner can invoke the BWA mapper to align reads to the reference genome automatically. To rigorously identify potential false positives resulting from genetic variants, we have equipped RES-Scanner with sophisticated statistical models to infer the reliability of homozygous genotypes called from DNA-seq data. These models are applicable to samples from either single individuals or a pool of multiple individuals if the ploidy information is known. In addition, RES-Scanner implements statistical tests to distinguish genuine RNA-editing sites from sequencing errors, and provides a series of sophisticated filtering options to remove false positives resulting from mapping errors. Finally, RES-Scanner can improve the completeness and accuracy of editing site identification when the data of multiple samples are available.

Conclusion

RES-Scanner, as a software package written in the Perl programming language, provides a comprehensive solution that addresses read mapping, homozygous genotype calling, de novo RNA-editing site identification and annotation for any species with matching RNA-seq and DNA-seq data. The package is freely available.
Therapeutic use of stem cells for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Faiella Whitney , Atoui Rony
Published: August 2016

Stem cell treatments are a desirable therapeutic option to regenerate myocardium and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Several different types of cells have been explored, each with their own benefits and limitations. Induced pluripotent stem cells possess an embryonic‐like state and therefore have a high proliferative capacity, but they also pose a risk of teratoma formation. Mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated from both bone marrow and adipose tissue. Their immunomodulatory characteristics may permit the use of allogeneic cells as universal donor cells in the future. Lastly, studies have consistently shown that cardiac stem cells are better able to express markers of cardiogenesis compared to other cell types, as well improve cardiac function. The ideal source of stem cells depends on multiple factors such as the ease of extraction/isolation, effectiveness of engraftment, ability to differentiate into cardiac lineages and effect on cardiac function. Although multiple studies highlight the benefits and limitations of each cell type and reinforce the successful potential use of these cells to regenerate damaged myocardium, more studies are needed to directly compare cells from various sources. It is interesting to note that research using stem cell therapies is also expanding to treat other cardiovascular diseases including non‐ischemic cardiomyopathies.
A survey on MAC protocols for complex self-organizing cognitive radio networks
Authors: Shah Munam Ali , Zhang Sijing , Kamran Muhammad , Javaid Qaisar , Fatima Bahjat
Published: August 2016

Complex self-organizing cognitive radio (CR) networks serve as a framework for accessing the spectrum allocation dynamically where the vacant channels can be used by CR nodes opportunistically. CR devices must be capable of exploiting spectrum opportunities and exchanging control information over a control channel. Moreover, CR nodes should intelligently coordinate their access between different cognitive radios to avoid collisions on the available spectrum channels and to vacate the channel for the licensed user in timely manner. Since inception of CR technology, several MAC protocols have been designed and developed. This paper surveys the state of the art on tools, technologies and taxonomy of complex self-organizing CR networks. A detailed analysis on CR MAC protocols form part of this paper. We group existing approaches for development of CR MAC protocols and classify them into different categories and provide performance analysis and comparison of different protocols. With our categorization, an easy and concise view of underlying models for development of a CR MAC protocol is provided.
Thermo-oxidative and weathering degradation affecting coloration performance of lac dye
Authors: Nacowong Prapaipim , Saikrasun Sunan
Published: August 2016

Thermo-oxidative stability of lac dye was studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry under nonisothermal and isothermal modes in air. The thermal stability change of lac dye was characterized by FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The TG profiles of lac dye showed at least three steps of mass loss. The first mass loss (about 8 %) found in the range of 40–150 °C mainly corresponded to the evaporation of moisture whereas the next two major steps were found with mass losses of 50 (150–440 °C) and 25 % (440–550 °C). The FTIR results indicate that the degradation of the major mass loss step (150–440 °C) mainly involved the thermo-oxidative reaction at carboxylic groups in conjugation with the C=C bonds of the anthraquinone ring. The absorbance profiles of lac dye solutions showed that the remarkable drop of absorbability was observed when the dye was heated to elevated temperatures (>150 °C). The results obtained from isothermal investigation also indicated the thermo-oxidative stability dependence of heating temperature. The apparent activation energy of lac dye calculated using isoconversional methods was higher under dynamic than under isothermal heating. Long period of weathering exposure mainly affected the O–H bonds of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, and hence lowering the absorbability of lac dye. These results provided helpful information that can give support in the maintenance, preparation, dyeing and application stages of lac dye.
Criminal offending and the family environment: Swedish national high-risk home-reared and adopted-away co-sibling control study
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Morris Nancy A. , Ohlsson Henrik , Lönn Sara Larsson , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: August 2016

Background

Criminal offending is strongly transmitted across generations.

Aims

To clarify the contribution of rearing environment to cross-generational transmission of crime.

Method

Using Swedish national registries, we identified 1176 full-sibling and 3085 half-sibling sets from high-risk families where at least one sibling was adopted and the other raised by the biological parents.

Results

Risk for criminal conviction was substantially lower in the full- and half-siblings who were adopted v. home-reared (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.56, 95% CI 0.50–0.64 and 0.60, 95% CI 0.56–0.65, respectively). The protective effect of adoption was significantly stronger in sibships with two v. one high-risk parent.

Conclusions

Using matched high-risk full- and half-siblings, we found replicated evidence that (a) rearing environment has a strong impact on risk for criminal conviction, (b) high-quality rearing environments have especially strong effects in those at high familial risk for criminal offending and (c) the protective effects of adoption are stronger for more severe crimes and for repeated offending.
Psychosocial aspects of epilepsy: a wider approach
Authors: Mula Marco , Sander Josemir W.
Published: August 2016

Epilepsy is one of the most serious neurological conditions and has an impact not only on the affected individual but also on the family and, indirectly, on the community. A global approach to the individual must take into account cognitive problems, psychiatric comorbidities and all psychosocial complications that often accompany epilepsy. We discuss psychosocial issues in epilepsy with special focus on the relationship between stigma and psychiatric comorbidities. Social barriers to optimal care and health outcomes for people with epilepsy result in huge disparities, and the public health system needs to invest in awareness programmes to increase public knowledge and reduce stigma in order to minimise such disparities.
Differences of Cortical Activation Pattern during the Use of Fork, Wooden Chopsticks and Metallic Chopsticks: A Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Lee Seung Hyun , Jin Sang Hyun , Seo Jung Pyo , Seo Hye Jin , Chang Pyung Hun , Yeo Sang Seok
Published: August 2016

Eating utensils are usually used from early childhood and thereafter throughout life; therefore, clarification of the effect of use of eating utensils on the brain would be an important topic. Using functional near infrared spectroscopy, we attempted to compare patterns of cortical activation generated during the use of three eating utensils. Twenty healthy normal subjects were recruited. The experimental tasks included transfer of black beans using a fork, wooden chopsticks and stainless steel chopsticks. We measured values of oxyhaemoglobin (HbO) and total haemoglobin (HbT) in five regions of interest: the prefrontal cortex (PFC), frontal eye field (FEF), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area and primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1). HbO values in all five regions of interest were significantly higher during use of stainless steel chopsticks, compared with use of wooden chopsticks and a fork ( p < 0.05). Regarding the analysis in each region of interest, higher activation was observed in the PFC and FEF during use of wooden chopsticks and stainless steel chopsticks than during use of a fork and wooden chopsticks, respectively, in terms of HbO and HbT ( p < 0.05). HbO value during use of stainless steel chopsticks was higher than that during use of a fork in the PMC and SM1 ( p < 0.05). Use of stainless steel chopsticks involves greater recruitment of neuronal activation in the cerebral cortex, compared with use of wooden chopsticks or a fork.
Comprehensive Assessment of M-Proteins Using Nanobody Enrichment Coupled to MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mills John R , Kohlhagen Mindy C , Dasari Surendra , Vanderboom Patrick M , Kyle Robert A , Katzmann Jerry A , Willrich Maria A V , Barnidge David R , Dispenzieri Angela , Murray David L
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Electrophoretic separation of serum and urine proteins has played a central role in diagnosing and monitoring plasma cell disorders. Despite limitations in resolution and analytical sensitivity, plus the necessity for adjunct methods, protein gel electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) remain front-line tests.

METHODS

We developed a MALDI mass spectrometry–based assay that was simple to perform, automatable, analytically sensitive, and applicable to analyzing the wide variety of monoclonal proteins (M-proteins) encountered clinically. This assay, called MASS-FIX, used the unique molecular mass signatures of the different Ig isotypes in combination with nanobody immunoenrichment to generate information-rich mass spectra from which M-proteins could be identified, isotyped, and quantified. The performance of MASS-FIX was compared to current gel-based electrophoresis assays.

RESULTS

MASS-FIX detected all M-proteins that were detectable by urine or serum protein electrophoresis. In serial dilution studies, MASS-FIX was more analytically sensitive than IFE. For patient samples, MASS-FIX provided the same primary isotype information for 98% of serum M-proteins (n = 152) and 95% of urine M-proteins (n = 55). MASS-FIX accurately quantified M-protein to <1 g/dL, with reduced bias as compared to protein electrophoresis. Intraassay and interassay CVs were <20% across all samples having M-protein concentrations >0.045 g/dL, with the ability to detect M-proteins <0.01 g/dL. In addition, MASS-FIX could simultaneously measure κ:λ light chain ratios for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Retrospective serial monitoring of patients with myeloma posttreatment demonstrated that MASS-FIX provided equivalent quantitative information to either protein electrophoresis or the Hevylite™ assay.

CONCLUSIONS

MASS-FIX can advance how plasma cell disorders are screened, diagnosed, and monitored.
Association between specific language impairment and behavioral disorders among preschool children
Authors: Kesuma Yudianita , Rismarini Rismarini , Theodorus Theodorus , Azhar Mutiara Budi
Published: August 2016

BackgroundSpecific language impairment (SU) is the mostcommon developmental disorder in preschool children, causingserious impairmentE on behavioral development. To date, there havebeen few studies on SU and behavioral disorders in Palembang.ObjectiveTo assess for an association between SU and behavioraldisorders in preschool children in Palembang.MethodsSubjects in this cross-sectional study were childrenwho attended kindergarten. Their general characteristics,developmental history and physical examination results (includingweight and height) were recorded. We administered the SpecificLanguage Impairment checklist for language impairment and thePediatric Symptom Checklist 17 (PSC 17) for behavioral disorders.Data was analyzed by Chi-square test.ResultsWe studied 1,340 children from21 kinderg:irtens in Palembang.Prevalence of SU was 12.9%, consisting of expressive languageimpairment (10.2%), receptive impairment (0.5%) and mixed languageimpairment (2 .2%). The prevalence of behavioral disorders was15.1 %, consisting of internalization disorder (6.0%), externalizationdisorder (5.0%), attentive disorder (0.4%), and various combinationsof three disorders (3. 7%). A highly significant association was foundbetween SU and behavioral disorders (P=0.000; OR=2.082; 95%CI 1. 419-3 .053. Expressive language impairment was associated withexternalization and mixed behavioral disorders. Mixed languageimpairment was associated with internalization, attentive, and mixedbehavioral disorders. Howevei; receptive language disorder was notassociated with any behavioral disorders.ConclusionSU is significantly as sociated with behavioraldisorders. With regards to the individual SU types, expressivelanguage impairment is associated with externalization and mixedbehavioral disorders; mixed language impairment is associatedwith internalization, attentive and mixed behavioral disorders;but receptive language disorder is not associated with behavioraldisorders.
Factors associated with oxygenation improvement in children with ARDS
Authors: Chairy Abdul , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Prawirohartono Endy P.
Published: August 2016

Background In pediatric patients, acute respiratory distresssyndrome (ARDS) has a high mortality rate of approximately25%. In surviving children, ARDS may result in sequelae, suchas restrictive or obstructive lung dysfunction, muscle weaknessand hypotrophy, as well as psychiatric, intelligence, and memoryproblems.Objective To identify prognostic factors related to oxygenationimprovement in children with ARDS.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in the pediatricintensive care unit (PICU) ofSardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta.We included 20 children aged 29 days to 18 years who fulfilled theARDS criteria. They underwent lung recruitment maneuver for1 hour. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess for possibleassociations between potential prognostic factors and oxygenationimprovement.Results None of the subjec ts had significant hemodynamicchanges or hypercapnea during lung recruitment. Two prognosticfactors from our univariate analysis, namely type of ARDS (RR0.17; 95% CI 0.023 to 1.23; P= 0.079) and severity of ARDS(RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.84) , were analyzed by multivariatelogression test. However, the results were not statisticallysignificant for type of ARDS (RR 0.33; 95% CI0.009 to 1.41) orseverity of ARDS (RR 0.11; 95%CI 0.009-3.25).Conclusion We do not identify any prognostic factors, includingtype and severity of ARDS, associated with oxygenationimprovement in children with ARDS.
Artesunate-amodiaquine versus artesunatesulfadoxine- pyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children
Authors: Rampengan Novie H. , Metusala Jane , Chandra Ronald , Salendu Praevilia
Published: August 2016

Background Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortalityin children, especially in developing countries. Art emisinincombination therapy (ACT) has higher rates of parasite clearanceand inhibition of anti-malarial drugs resistance than non-ACT.Hence, we compared the efficacies of artesunate-amodiaquine(AS-AQ) versus artesunate-sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (AS-SP)combination therapies in children with uncomplicated falciparummalaria.Objective To compare the fever clearance time, parasite clearancetime, and length of hospital stay in uncomplicated falciparummalaria patients treated with AS-AQ and AS-SP.Methods We reviewed the medical records of children aged 1- 14years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria admitted to Prof.Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital between January 2002 - June 2010.Treatment efficacy was evaluated by fever clearance time, parasiteclearan ce time, and length of hospital stay. The differencesof treatment efficacy between the two groups of therapy werean alyzed by independent T test.Results We identified 185 children with uncomplicatedfalciparum malaria, 104 cases were treated with AS-AQ whilethe other 81 received AS-SP. Parasite clearance time was shorterin AS-AQ group than in AS-SP group at 1.38 (SD 0.69) versus1.91 (SD 0.93) days, respectively (95%CI of differences 0.3 0 to0. 76, P<0.05) . The length of hospital stay was shorterin AS-AQgroup than in the AS-SP group, at 5.01 (SD 1.22) versus 6.04(SD 0.98) days, respectively (95%CI of differences 0. 71 to 1.35,P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant differencein fever clearance time between the groups.Conclusion AS-AQ combination therapy reduces parasiteclearance time and length of hospital stay compared to AS-SP46 • Paediatrlndones, Vol. 54, No. 1, January 2014combination therapy in children with uncomplicated falciparummalaria.
Uric acid and blood pressures in low birth weight 7-year-olds
Authors: Linardi Paulus , Umboh Adrian , Tatura Suryadi NN
Published: August 2016

Background Low birth weight (LBW) has been associated withincreased cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, duringadulthood. Nephrogenesis impairment in LBW may lead to anincrease of uric acid and hypertension.Objective To assess for a correlation between uric acid and bloodpressures in LBW children.Methods This study was conducted from January to April 20 12.A comparative and correlative analytic-observational study with across-sectional method was done in children aged 7-8 years, bornat Prof. Dr. RD Kandou General Hospital and living in Manado.Forty-eight LBW children and 48 normal birth weight (NBW)children were included in this study. All children underwent uricacid level and blood pressures measurements.Results Mean uric acid level in LBW children was significantlyhigher than in NBW children (P = 0.001) . There was no correlationbetween uric acid and blood pressures in LBW children(r=0.13,P> 0.05 for systolic blood pressure; r=0.05, P> 0.05 for diastolicblood pressure).Conclusioru; LBW children have higher uric acid levels thanNBW children, but no correlation is found between uric acid leveland blood pressures.
Selenium for acute watery diarrhea in children
Authors: Sinaga Meiviliani , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Evalina Rita , Yudiyanto Ade Rachmat , Sinuhaji Atan Baas
Published: August 2016

Background Acute watery diarrhea remains a major health problem affecting infants and children in developing countries. Selenium deficiency may be a risk factor for diarrhea and vice versa. Few studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of selenium for the treatment of diarrhea in children.Objective To determine the effectiveness of selenium in reducing the severity of acute watery diarrhea in children.Methods A single-blind, randomized clinical trial was done in children with acute watery diarrhea, aged six months to two years, and who visited the community health center in Simalungun from May to August 2012. Children were randomized into either the selenium or placebo (maltodextrin) group. We monitored diarrheal frequency, stool consistency, and duration of diarrhea. Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to compare the two groups.Results Sixty-five children were recruited into the study, of whom 36 children received selenium and 29 children received a placebo. The selenium group had significantly lower frequency of diarrhea (bouts per day) than the placebo group on days 2, 3, and 4 after treatment onset [day 2: 3.5 vs. 4.1, respectively (P=0.016); day 3: 2.7 vs. 3.4, respectively (P=0.002); day 4: 2.1 vs. 2.8, respectively (P<0.001)]. On day 2, stool consistency had significantly improved in the selenium group compared to the placebo group (P=0.034). In addition, the median duration of diarrhea was significantly lower in the selenium group than in the placebo group (60 vs. 72 hours, respectively; P=0.001). Median recovery time from the the first day of diarrhea was also significantly lower in the selenium group than in the placebo group (108 vs. 120 hours, respectively; P=0.009).Conclusion In children with acute watery diarrhea, those treated with selenium have decreased frequency of diarrhea, improved stool consistency, as well as shorter duration of diarrhea and recovery time than those treated with a placebo. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:139-43.].
Inventário quantitativo e análise de evolução do índece de áreas verdes da cidade de Lavras-MG
Authors: Furtini Boldrin Karina Volpi , Gontijo Garcia Cecília Souza , De Oliveira Paiva Patrícia Duarte , De Carvalho Larissa Martiniano
Published: August 2016

The green area index is one of the parameters used to scale the life’s quality of a city. Thus, the objective was to carry out the survey of green area index from Lavras-MG, in two different periods, with an interval of 10 years, making a comparative analysis of the index evolution in this period. It was carried out the assessment of the number of city squares, as well as its area and calculate the green area index. It was considered appropriate for this index, public areas located in urban area and over 70% of the permeable area. For determine this index, it was calculated the sum of the total area of the squares divided by the number of inhabitants of the city. It is concluded that green area index in Lavras-MG is 0.42 m²/ inhabitant. There was an increase of 12% compared to the diagnosis realized in 2001, but lower than that proposed by the Brazilian Society for Urban Forestation, 15 m²/inhabitant.
Growth hormone and risk for cardiac tumors in Carney complex
Authors: Bandettini W Patricia , Karageorgiadis Alexander S , Sinaii Ninet , Rosing Douglas R , Sachdev Vandana , Schernthaner-Reiter Marie Helene , Gourgari Evgenia , Papadakis Georgios Z , Keil Meg F , Lyssikatos Charalampos , Carney J Aidan , Arai Andrew E , Lodish Maya , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: August 2016

Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome that is caused mostly by PRKAR1A mutations. Cardiac myxomas are the leading cause of mortality in CNC patients who, in addition, often develop growth hormone (GH) excess. We studied patients with CNC, who were observed for over a period of 20 years (1995–2015) for the development of both GH excess and cardiac myxomas. GH secretion was evaluated by standard testing; dedicated cardiovascular imaging was used to detect cardiac abnormalities. Four excised cardiac myxomas were tested for the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A total of 99 CNC patients (97 with a PRKAR1A mutation) were included in the study with a mean age of 25.8 ± 16.6 years at presentation. Over an observed mean follow-up of 25.8 years, 60% of patients with GH excess (n = 46) developed a cardiac myxoma compared with only 36% of those without GH excess (n = 54) (P = 0.016). Overall, patients with GH excess were also more likely to have a tumor vs those with normal GH secretion (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.23–6.29; P = 0.014). IGF-1 mRNA and protein were higher in CNC myxomas than in normal heart tissue. We conclude that the development of cardiac myxomas in CNC may be associated with increased GH secretion, in a manner analogous to the association between fibrous dysplasia and GH excess in McCune–Albright syndrome, a condition similar to CNC. We speculate that treatment of GH excess in patients with CNC may reduce the likelihood of cardiac myxoma formation and/or recurrence of this tumor.
Rapid phenotyping of knockout mice to identify genetic determinants of bone strength
Authors: Freudenthal Bernard , Logan John , _ _ , Croucher Peter I , Williams Graham R , Bassett J H Duncan
Published: August 2016

The genetic determinants of osteoporosis remain poorly understood, and there is a large unmet need for new treatments in our ageing society. Thus, new approaches for gene discovery in skeletal disease are required to complement the current genome-wide association studies in human populations. The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) and the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) provide such an opportunity. The IKMC generates knockout mice representing each of the known protein-coding genes in C57BL/6 mice and, as part of the IMPC initiative, the Origins of Bone and Cartilage Disease project identifies mutants with significant outlier skeletal phenotypes. This initiative will add value to data from large human cohorts and provide a new understanding of bone and cartilage pathophysiology, ultimately leading to the identification of novel drug targets for the treatment of skeletal disease.
Structure, Composition, and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Fibers from Pueraria lobata Treated with a Combination of Steam Explosion and Laccase Mediator System
Authors: Li Minghua , Han Guangting , Song Yan , Jiang Wei , Zhang Yuanming
Published: August 2016

Cellulosic fibers from the bast of Pueraria lobata (P. lobata) vine were separated using a “green” and efficient method that combined steam explosion (SE) and a laccase mediator system (LMS). The chemical components, structure, and thermal alterations in the fibers were evaluated. The SE performed at 180 °C for 10 min did not change the chemical composition of P. lobata; however, SE did alter the fiber structure and rendered its surface more accessible to the laccase enzyme. Treated and untreated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and chemical methods. The cellulose content of the processed fibers was approximately 68.2%, and the lignin content was 11.8%, which was much lower than the 22.98% lignin content of the raw material. The cellulose fibers exhibited higher cellulose crystallinity and thermal stability compared with the untreated samples. This combined treatment approach may be useful for the isolation of cellulose fibers for composites, textiles, and other industrial applications.
Efficacy of Endodontic Treatment on the Persistence of Selected Endodontic Pathogens and on Radiographical Periapical Healing
Authors: Zeledón DDS, Esp Rodolfo , Ballestero DDS, Esp Carolina , Hernández DDS. Esp Erick , Ramírez DDS, MSD Tatiana , Benavides DDS, Esp Marianela , Meneses DDS, Esp Pablo , Reyes Carmona DDS, MSD, PhD Jessie , Silva MQC, MSc Sandra
Published: August 2016

The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the antimicrobial efficacy and the outcome of an endodontic protocol treatment (EPT) performed by under-graduated dental students on infected root canals associated with periapical lesions. Fifty-six patients attending for treatment of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were included. A specific EPT approach was performed and DNA extracts were taken at the baseline (S1), after a disinfection-neutralization procedure (S2), post-chemomechanical preparation (S3) and after Intracanal medication (S4) for the presence of specific bacteria. The outcome of the EPT was assessed radiographically using the Periapical Index-system (PAI) after 18-month follow-up. An intergroup evaluation shows that when comparing S1 to S3, S1 to S4, S2 to S3, and S2 to S4, the presence of bacteria were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Finally, S4 was not significantly reduced when compared with S3 (P > 0.05). The most prevalent species in their respect order were Actinomyces Israelii > Enterococcus Faecalis > Fusobacterium Nucleatum/Prevotella Nigrescens > Phorphyromonas Endodontalis. After the 18-month follow-up, the overall success rate of root canal – treated teeth was of 88% (PAI 1 or 2). This In Vivo study demonstrated that EPT significantly reduced the number of cases with positive results for the studied bacteria, showing a profound positive impact in the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth diagnosed with Pulp Necrosis and Apical Periodontitis.
17,3 - 2015
Authors: International Journal of Dental Sciences Odovtos
Published: August 2016

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MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE STUDY AND DESIGN OF A ROTARY-VANE GAS REFRIGERATION MACHINE
Authors: Trandafilov V. V. , Khmelniuk M. G. , Yakovleva O. Y.
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a mathematical model of calculating the main parameters the operating cycle, rotary-vane gas refrigerating machine that affect installation, machine control and working processes occurring in it at the specified criteria. A procedure and a graphical method for the rotary-vane gas refrigerating machine (RVGRM) are proposed. A parametric study of the main geometric variables and temperature variables on the thermal behavior of the system is analyzed. The model considers polytrope index for the compression and expansion in the chamber. Graphs of the pressure and temperature in the chamber of the angle of rotation of the output shaft are received. The possibility of inclusion in the cycle regenerative heat exchanger is appreciated. The change of the coefficient of performance machine after turning the cycle regenerative heat exchanger is analyzed. It is shown that the installation of a regenerator RVGRM cycle results in increased COP more than 30%. The simulation results show that the proposed model can be used to design and optimize gas refrigerator Stirling.
A STUDY INTO ICE BUILD-UP AND MELTING ON VERTICAL COOLED PIPES
Authors: Zasiadko Y. , Pylypenko O. , Forsiuk A. , Gryshchenko R.
Published: August 2016

The use of cold accumulators based on the principle of ice build up on the cooled surfaces during off-peak periods and ice melting during on-peak periods is an effective method of electricity bills reduction. Within comparatively short periods of on-peak demand a noticeable amount of thermal energy related to ice melting is to be released, it becomes clear that not only sizing of ice accumulators based on balance calculations is actual, but also the determination of time periods of ice accumulation becomes critical. This work presents experimental unit for obtaining data on the ice build-up on the vertical cooled pipes and later on to continuously register data on the ice thickness diminishing at the regimes of ice melting when cooling of pipe stops. The data for ice build-up and melting for some regimes have been presented and analyzed. The data form the base for deriving semi-empirical correlations allowing to determine a time intervals necessary to generate of ice layers of a given thickness.
Herbicide Inputs and Mowing Affect Vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei) Control
Authors: Jeffries Matthew D. , Gannon Travis W. , Yelverton Fred H.
Published: August 2016

Vaseygrass is an invasive, perennial C4-grass commonly found on roadsides in areas with poorly drained soils. Due to its upright growth habit and seedhead production, vaseygrass can impair motorist sightlines and subsequently, require increased management inputs to maintain vegetation at an acceptable height. Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 on North Carolina roadsides to evaluate the effect of mowing and mowing timing with respect to applications of various herbicides on vaseygrass control. Both experiments evaluated clethodim (280 g ai ha–1), foramsulfuron+halosulfuron+thiencarbazone-methyl (44+69+22 g ai ha−1), imazapic (140 g ai ha−1), metsulfuron+nicosulfuron (16+59 g ai ha−1), and sulfosulfuron (105 g ai ha−1) with a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. Experiment one focused on the effect of mowing (routinely mowed or nonmowed) and herbicide application timing (fall-only, fall-plus-spring, or spring-only), while experiment two focused on pre-herbicide application mowing intervals (6, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0 wk before treatment [WBT]). From experiment one, routine mowing reduced vaseygrass cover in nontreated plots 55% at 52 wk after fall treatment (WAFT), suggesting this cultural practice should be employed where possible. Additionally, routine mowing and herbicide application season affected herbicide efficacy. Treatments providing >70% vaseygrass cover reduction at 52 WAFT included routinely mowed fall-only clethodim and fall-plus-spring imazapic, and fall-plus-spring metsulfuron+nicosulfuron across mowing regimens. Within clethodim, mowing vaseygrass 2 or 1 WBT resulted in the lowest cover at 40 (1 to 2%) and 52 (4 to 6%) wk after treatment (WAT) compared to other intervals, which aligns with current label vegetation height at treatment recommendation. Vaseygrass persisted across all treatments evaluated through 52 WAT, suggesting eradication of this species will require inputs over multiple growing seasons.
‘Keep an Eye on Your Son! He Is Reading Too Much These Days’: Understanding the Reading Attitudes in English of Rural and Urban Sindhi Students
Authors: Memon Shumaila , Umrani Sumera , Memon Natasha
Published: August 2016

Research in second language reading has demonstrated that positive reading attitudes are very crucial in motivating a reader to engage in meaningful reading practices. The exploration of such findings is very limited in the context of Sindh, Pakistan. Learners in Sindh, Pakistan’s rural and urban areas experience life quality generally and reading resources and motivation very differently. This study explored a very basic question of the differences between the reading attitudes of learners from both areas. The findings suggest wide differences between the reading attitudes of rural and urban learners. An understanding of their reading attitudes leads one to devise ways for inculcating or reinforcing positive reading attitudes in further studies.
Research on the Teaching Model of College English Autonomous Learning in the Environment of Internet
Authors: Chen Nan
Published: August 2016

With the deep application of Internet in the field of college English reform, a new teaching model of college English autonomous learning in the Internet is applied in this study. The new teaching model emphasizes the application of cognitive strategy and monitoring strategy when the English autonomous learning is conducted online and offline. The different notions and different performances of students between new teaching model and traditional model are discussed in this paper.
Diş Hekimlerine Yönelik Şiddet: Bir Anket Çalışması
Authors: Karadayı Beytullah , Varlık Ende , Çakı İbrahim Eray , Altınok Mehmet , Kaya Ahsen , Afşin Hüseyin , Özaslan Abdi
Published: August 2016

Objective: This study is aimed to determine the characteristics of the violence that dentists, who work at oral and dental health diagnosis and treatment centers, are exposed to and witness. The study also investigates the process that occurs after the incident.Materials and Method: A survey was conducted between July 1st and December 31st of 2014 among dentists who work at dental healthcare centers and faculties of dentistry in Istanbul. The survey consists of 3 sections. The sections are structured as followed: Section I, demographical information; Section II, the reasons and possible precautions; Section III, characteristics of the violence.Results: 48.5% (n=32) of the participants claimed that they were exposed to some kind of violence at least once in their professional lives. 65.6% (n=21) of them were exposed to a violent act in the past year. 71.9% (n=23) of these exposures were only verbal and 18.7% (n=6) included both verbal and physical violence. 95.5% (n=63) of the participants stated that there was a general increase in violent acts in society and 69.7% (n=46) stated that violent incidents increased in the work place. The study also showed that 86.4% (n=57) of the participants thought that the violence could have been prevented. Conclusion: Even though this study reflects the opinions of a small group, it shows that dentists are affected by the violence in the healthcare field.Keywords: Physical violence; Verbal violence; Violence
Derin Boyun Apsesi ve Peritoneal Sepsis Birlikteliği Nadir Ölüm Olgusu
Authors: Özsoy Sait , Gökmen Asude , Yöndem Mehtap , Sücüllü İlker , Duran Semra , Javan Gulnaz Tatlıcı
Published: August 2016

Deep neck infection often develops due to upper respiratory tract and odontogenic infections. Gastrointestinal System perforation can occur for many reasons and is in need of early diagnosis and prompt suigical treatment. In both cases late or incorrect diagnosis may lead to increased morbidity and high mortalityAn inmate suffering from a deep neck infection which developed from a tooth abscess and resulted in multiple organ failure and septic shock died while being treated in a hospital. The autopsy confirmed “retropharyngeal abscess” and revealed in addition findings of duodenal perforation that was missed during clinical examination. According to Turkish Criminal Code, a finding of a misdiagnosis should not just be reported as the cause of death but clearly stated in the report.Keywords: Dental focal infection; Retropharyngeal Abscess; Peptic Ulcer perforation; Peritonitis; Sepsis; Autopsy
Entropies of Overcomplete Kernel Dictionaries
Authors: Honeine Paul
Published: August 2016

In signal analysis and synthesis, linear approximation theory considers a linear decomposition of any given signal in a set of atoms, collected into a so-called dictionary. Relevant sparse representations are obtained by relaxing the orthogonality condition of the atoms, yielding overcomplete dictionaries with an extended number of atoms. More generally than the linear decomposition, overcomplete kernel dictionaries provide an elegant nonlinear extension by defining the atoms through a mapping kernel function (e.g., the gaussian kernel). Models based on such kernel dictionaries are used in neural networks, gaussian processes and online learning with kernels. The quality of an overcomplete dictionary is evaluated with a diversity measure the distance, the approximation, the coherence and the Babel measures. In this paper, we develop a framework to examine overcomplete kernel dictionaries with the entropy from information theory. Indeed, a higher value of the entropy is associated to a further uniform spread of the atoms over the space. For each of the aforementioned diversity measures, we derive lower bounds on the entropy. Several definitions of the entropy are examined, wth an extensive analysis in both the input space and the mapped feature space.
Data Envelopment Analysis as a Kaizen Tool: SBM Variations Revisited
Authors: Tone Kaoru
Published: August 2016

Slacks-based measure (SBM) (Tone (2001), Pastor et al. (1999)) has been widely utilized as a representative non-radial DEA model. In Tone (2010), I developed four variants of the SBM model where main concerns are to search the nearest point on the efficient frontiers of the production possibility set. However, in the worst case, a massive enumeration of facets of polyhedron associated with the production possibility set is required. In this paper, I will present a new scheme, called SBM-Max, for this purpose which requires a limited number of additional linear program solutions for each inefficient DMU. Although the point thus obtained is not always the nearest point, it is acceptable for practical purposes and from the point of computational loads. Inefficient DMUs can be improved to the efficient status with less input-reductions and less output-enlargement. Thus, this model proposes a Kaizen (improvement) tool by DEA.
Seidel Equienergetic Graphs
Authors: Ramane Harishchandra S. , Gundloor Mahadevappa M. , Hosamani Sunilkumar M.
Published: August 2016

The Seidel matrix S(G) of a graph G is the square matrix with diagonal entries zeroes and off diagonal entries are – 1 or 1 corresponding to the adjacency and non-adjacency. The Seidel energy SE(G) of G is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of S(G). Two graphs G1 and G2 are said to be Seidel equienergetic if SE(G1) = SE(G2). We establish an expression for the characteristic polynomial of the Seidel matrix and for the Seidel energy of the join of regular graphs. Thereby construct Seidel non cospectral, Seidel equienergetic graphs on n vertices, for all n ≥ 12
The Forgotten Topological Index of Four Operations on Some Special Graphs
Authors: Ghobadi Sirous , Ghorbaninejad Mobina
Published: August 2016

For a graph, the forgotten topological index (F-index) is defined as the sum of cubes of degrees of vertices. In 2009, Eliasi and Taeri [M. Eliasi, B. Taeri, Four new sums of graphs and their wiener indices, Discrete Appl. Math. 157 (2009) 794-803] introduced four new sums (F-sums) of graphs. In this paper we study the F-index for the F-sums of some special well-known graphs.
Influencia de la glaciación en la red de drenaje: el ejemplo de los valles de Respina y Rebueno (Alto Porma, Cordillera Cantábrica, noroeste de España)
Authors: Danis-Álvarez P. J. , Santos-González J.
Published: August 2016

En el presente trabajo se aborda el estudio de dos valles en la cuenca del río Porma, en la vertiente meridional de la Cordillera Cantábrica, norte de España. El primero de ellos, el de Respina, presenta múltiples evidencias glaciares, como circos, morrenas, cubetas, till o bloques erráticos que demuestran la importancia que tuvo la glaciación en ese valle. El segundo, el de Rebueno, apenas cuenta con restos glaciares y están restringidos a la zona de cabecera. La comparación de los perfiles longitudinales y transversales de ambos valles, pone de manifiesto la importancia que tuvo la glaciación en la configuración del relieve actual del valle de Respina, contrastando con las formas fluviales generadas en el valle de Rebueno. En ambos se dieron procesos distintos que configuraron un relieve con importantes diferencias a pesar de su proximidad y similares características. Además, el trabajo aborda la influencia que la glaciación ha tenido en la configuración actual de la red de drenaje, aspecto que apenas ha sido analizado previamente, y que en este caso se concreta en el desvío del río Respina y la creación de un nuevo valle, como consecuencia de una potente acumulación morrénica procedente de la lengua glaciar del valle de Silván. Se trata de un ejemplo muy significativo de la importancia que tuvo la glaciación en la red fluvial.