bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of DNA repair glycosylases by base analogs and tryptophan pyrolysate, Trp-P-1.
Authors: Speina Elzbieta , Cieśla Jarosław M , Graziewicz Maria-Anna , Laval Jacques , Kazimierczuk Zygmunt , Tudek Barbara
Published: December 2019

DNA base analogs, 2,4,5,6-substituted pyrimidines and 2,6-substituted purines were tested as potential inhibitors of E. coli Fpg protein (formamidopyrimidine -DNA glycosylase). Three of the seventeen compounds tested revealed inhibitory properties. 2-Thioxanthine was the most efficient, inhibiting 50% of 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-methyl-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy-7MeG) excision activity at 17.1 microM concentration. The measured K(i) was 4.44 +/- 0.15 microM. Inhibition was observed only when the Fpg protein was first challenged to its substrate followed by the addition of the base analog, suggesting uncompetitive (catalytic) inhibition. For two other compounds, 2-thio- or 2-oxo-4,5,6-substituted pyrimidines, IC(50) was only 343.3 +/- 58.6 and 350 +/- 24.4 microM, respectively. No change of the Fpg glycosylase activity was detected in the presence of Fapy-7MeG, up to 5 microM. We also investigated the effect of DNA structure modified by tryptophan pyrolysate (Trp-P-1) on the activity of base excision repair enzymes: Escherichia coli and human DNA glycosylases of oxidized (Fpg, Nth) and alkylated bases (TagA, AlkA, and ANPG), and for bacterial AP endonuclease (Xth protein). Trp-P-1, which changes the secondary DNA structure into non-B, non-Z most efficiently inhibited excision of alkylated bases by the AlkA glycosylase (IC(50) = 1 microM). The ANPG, TagA, and Fpg proteins were also inhibited although to a lesser extent (IC(50) = 76.5 microM, 96 microM, and 187.5 microM, respectively). Trp-P-1 also inhibited incision of DNA at abasic sites by the beta-lyase activity of the Fpg and Nth proteins, and to a lesser extent by the Xth AP endonuclease. Thus, DNA conformation is critical for excision of damaged bases and incision of abasic sites by DNA repair enzymes.
Apoptosis induced by membrane damage in human lymphocytes; effects of arachidonic acid and its photoproducts.
Authors: Zarebska Zofia , Zielińska Julia , Zhukov Igor , Maśliński Włodzimierz
Published: December 2019

The effect of arachidonic acid (AA) combined with UVA irradiation was studied in a model system mimicking phototherapy PUVA (psoralen+UVA) ex vivo in vitro. The contribution of damage to the plasma membrane by PUVA was tested on human lymphocytes derived from healthy donors. The effect of arachidonic acid (AA) combined with UVA irradiation was compared with that of a psoralen photoadduct to AA added to the culture. The adduct, obtained photochemically and purified, was characterized by NMR and MS spectrometry as a cycloadduct of psoralen to the vinylene bond of the acid (AAPSO). The reactions of cultured cells, manifested 20 h after treatment by changes in apoptosis and mitochondrial depolarization, were monitored by flow cytometry by tagging lymphocytes with appropriate fluorescent probes. Treatment of lymphocyte suspension within AA doses from 40 to 100 microM gradually induced a shift from Anx-V(+) (single positive cells) to late apoptotic, Anx-V(+)PI(+) (double positive cells) in a dose dependent manner. The adduct, AAPSO, induced apoptotic changes at a concentration 2-3 times higher than free AA. Combination of psoralen (1 microM ) or arachidonic acid (20-120 microM) with UVA irradiation (2-6 J/cm(2)) accelerated the plasma membrane changes in a synergic way. Preliminary studies indicated that changes in the transmembrane potential of mitochondria paralleled the apoptosis when cells were treated by AA alone. Our findings showed that UVA radiation of lymphocytes in the presence of arachidonic acid, as in the presence of psoralen, enhanced apoptosis of cells in a synergic manner. Thus, PUVA-induced apoptosis may proceed in part by a still undefined signaling pathway(s) triggered in lymphocyte membranes.
Protein production and secretion in an Aspergillus nidulans mutant impaired in glycosylation.
Authors: Perlińska-Lenart Urszula , Kurzatkowski Wiesław , Janas Piotr , Kopińska Agnieszka , Palamarczyk Grazyna , Kruszewska Joanna S
Published: December 2019

O-glycosylation has been considered a limiting factor in protein secretion in filamentous fungi. Overexpression of the yeast DPM1 gene encoding dolichylphosphate mannose synthase (DPMS) in an Aspergillus nidulans mutant (BWB26A) deficient in O-glycosylation caused an increase in the number of secretory vesicles and changes in protein secretion. However, the secretory proteins, primarily O-mannosylated glucoamylase and N-glycosylated invertase, were mainly trapped in the periplasmic space. Different glycoforms of invertase were found insite the cells, in the periplasmic space and in the cultivation medium. Our data point to the importance of the cell wall as a barrier in protein secretion.
MOFOID--not only the protein modeling server.
Authors: Szczesny Pawel , Wieczorek Grzegorz , Zielenkiewicz Piotr
Published: December 2019

MOFOID is a new server developed mainly for automated modeling of protein structures by their homology to the structures deposited in the PDB database. Selection of a template and calculation of the alignment is performed with the Smith-Waterman or Needleman-Wunsch algorithms implemented in the EMBOSS package. The final model is built and optimised with programs from the JACKAL package. The wide spectrum of options in the web-based interface and the possibility of uploading user's own alignment make MOFOID a suitable platform for testing new approaches in the alignment building. The server is available at https:// valis.ibb.waw.pl/mofoid/.
Molecular diagnosis and genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii in bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from patients with pulmonary disorder
Authors: Fata Abdolmajid , Abdollahi Bahareh , Rezaeetalab Fariba , Attaran Davood , Najjari Mohsen , J. Najafzadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2019

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Indifferent effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) combined with fluconazole against multidrug-resistant Candida auris
Authors: Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Mahmoudi Shahram , Shokohi Tahereh , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh , Fakhim Hamed , Dannaoui Eric , Faraji Saharnaz , Chowdhary Anuradha , F.Meis Jacques , Badali Hamid
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: Emergence and development of antifungal drug resistance in Candida species constitute a serious concern. Candida auris as an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus is the most important public health threat with high levels of mortality and morbidity. Almost all C. auris isolates are resistant to fluconazole, and there have been reports of elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to amphotericin B and echinocandins. To overcome the growing challenge of antifungal resistance, a valuable alternative option would be the use of drug combination.
Materials and Methods: The present study evaluated the in vitro combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and aspirin with fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant C. auris in comparison to other fluconazole-resistant Candida species, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei originating from patients with candidiasis.
Results: The MIC ranges of fluconazole-ibuprofen and fluconazole-diclofenac decreased from 32-256 to 32-128 and 16-256 µg/ml, respectively and remained the same for fluconazole-aspirin against C. auris. However, the combination of fluconazole with ibuprofen resulted in a synergistic effect for 5 strains, including C. albicans (n=2), C. tropicalis (n=1), C. glabrata (n=1), and C. krusei (n=1), by decreasing the MIC of fluconazole by 2-3 log2 dilutions.
Conclusion: Although the interaction of NSAIDs with fluconazole was not synergistic against fluconazole-resistant C. auris isolates, no antagonism was observed for any combinations. Therefore, combination with newer azole agents needs to be conducted.
PECULIARITIES OF A VERBAL REPRESENTATION OF A CONCEPTUAL LANGUAGE IMAGE “NIGHT” IN THE POETIC TEXTS OF AFANASY AFANASYEVICH FET
Authors: R. Galiulina Ilvira , V. Spiridonov Alexandr , A. Byiyk Iana
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted in the framework of the anthropocentric direction with elements of the cognitive approach. Based on the concept of Yuriy M. Lotman, who asserts that a literary text is a model of reality, it verbally represents real components that structure the real world and ideal components. The purpose of this article is to identify the characteristics of the representation of the linguistic image of the concept “night” in the poetry of Afanasy A. Feta as a fragment of the Russian language picture of the world. Methodology: For this purpose, the extralinguistic conditions of the formation of the discursive space of Afanasy A. Fet's poetic texts are analyzed. The theoretical literature on the picture of the world and the poetic text are studied. The peculiarities of the linguistic concept image as a complex and multidimensional education are revealed. The paper also reveals the method of continuous sampling on the material of collections of poems by Afanasy A. Fet compiled a card index of poems about the night (187 poetic texts). Result: The rating of the frequency of language units is determined: night, moon, star, dawn; the ways of representing the linguistic image-concept “night” through the prism of the author purely individual consciousness have been revealed. The peculiarities of the verbalization of the linguistic image of the concept “night” in the composition of graphic-expressive means are determined. The study made it possible to conclude the picture of the world of the poet Afanasy A. Fet is a unique version of the individual picture of the world that has enriched the “concept-sphere” of the Russian language. The individual picture of the world of the lyrics is presented in his poetic texts, the complexity of the study of which lies in the fact that they are pointed out such features as emotionality, fragmentation, phatic imagery. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Peculiarities of a Verbal Representation of a Conceptual Language Image “Night” in the Poetic Texts of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
La redención de pena en la población indígena en Colombia
Authors: Hernández Urbano Andrés
Published: December 2019

El respeto de los derechos fundamentales ha sido una conquis­ta progresiva y que aún se encuentra en construcción. Si bien es cierto que contamos en Colombia con una carta política rica en derechos que consagra un amplio abanico de libertades, lo cierto es que en la práctica esa legitimi­dad de la existencia del Estado en punto de la protección de derechos de los ciudadanos a los cuales gobierna, en muchas ocasiones queda en entredicho. Entre algunos casos concretos podemos observar que la redención de penas para la población de indígenas en Colombia tiene grandes dificultades en la realidad; ese tipo de dificultades precisamente justifica que el pensamiento penal en procura no solo de una actividad diagnóstica que se limita a criticar las incoherencias del sistema, sino que, por el contrario y de manera propositiva, tal y como en el presente análisis se plasma, se construyan soluciones reales, que se compadezcan del orden constitucional. Es por esto que, en la presente línea de pensamiento, se considera que el Derecho Constitucional en Colombia nos han dado las herramientas para solucionar aquellos eventos en los cuales no existe consagración legal expresa y la jurisprudencia tampoco ha llenado esos vacíos en torno a la redención de pena de la población indígena. Algunas de esas herramientas son la ponderación y el control de convencionalidad.
Escala de expectativas parentales acerca de la prosocialidad de los hijos: construcción y análisis psicométricos preliminares
Authors: Vargas Rubilar Jael , Lemos Viviana Noemí , Balabanian Cinthia
Published: December 2019

Introducción: Las expectativas parentales son las creencias de los padres respecto al desempeño de sus hijos en algún área específica. En este estudio se consideró, de modo particular, las expectativas de los padres acerca de la conducta prosocial de sus hijos. La conducta prosocial es definida como aquella llevada a cabo voluntariamente con el fin de beneficiar a otros. Objetivo: Desarrollar un instrumento que evalúe las expectativas parentales acerca de la prosocialidad de los hijos y evaluar preliminarmente sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: Inicialmente, se redactó un pool de 50 ítems, los cuales fueron sometidos a la evaluación de 5 jueces expertos. La versión ajustada fue administrada a una muestra piloto de 20 padres, quienes evaluaron la comprensión y claridad de los reactivos utilizados. Posteriormente la escala revisada fue administrada a 486 padres de ambos sexos (edad: M = 38.6; DE = 9.7) de las provincias de Córdoba, Mendoza, Santa Fe y Entre Ríos (Argentina). Se calcularon los estadísticos descriptivos para cada ítem, el poder discriminativo y el índice de homogeneidad corregido. Resultados: Todos los ítems resultaron discriminativos (p < .001). A partir de una submuestra de 267 casos, se realizó un AFE que permitió una depuración inicial de ítems. Con una submuestra de 219 casos se corroboró la estructura unidimensional del instrumento mediante un AFC. La escala final quedó conformada por 28 reactivos, operacionalizados a través de un factor, el cual explicó un 61 % de la variancia total. La consistencia interna de la escala fue satisfactoria (⍵ = .97). Conclusión: Los análisis realizados hasta el momento indican adecuadas propiedades psicométricas por lo que se infiere que la escala permitirá valorar las expectativas parentales acerca de la conducta prosocial de manera satisfactoria en el contexto en que fue estudiada.
An Analysis of the Working Process of a Diesel Engine under Cylinder Deactivation
Authors: Liu Ying , Kuznetsov A.G.
Published: December 2019

The effect of cylinder deactivation as a method of controlling a diesel engine working in partial load modes is usually justified based on the characteristics corresponding to the engine performance without cylinder deactivation. However, the results obtained through theoretical analysis and in practice have significant differences, since the working processes of activated and deactivated cylinders run in different ways. In this paper, a simulation method is used to analyze the working process of the diesel engine under cylinder deactivation. The working processes in activated and deactivated cylinders are calculated using a computer model, and energy losses determining engine fuel efficiency are estimated. It is shown that the valve system in deactivated cylinders has a significant effect on the specific fuel consumption. The engine performance in partial load modes at different rotational speeds and torques and with a varying number of deactivated cylinders is investigated. The results obtained demonstrate the characteristics of the engine working process under cylinder deactivation and enable a more accurate estimation of the effect of this engine control method.
Otonom Araçlarda Navigasyon İçin Düşük Maliyetli, Taşınabilir ve 〖360〗^0 Görüş Alanına Sahip Yeni Bir 3B LIDAR Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Kağızman Ahmet , Altuğ Erdinç
Published: December 2019

Son yıllarda otonom araçlar üzerinde yapılan
çalışmalar gittikçe artmaktadır ve özellikle engel tespiti, haritalama, rota
planlama, navigasyon gibi birçok alanda yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada ise aracın otonomluğuna ciddi katkı sağlayan yüksek maliyetli ve
büyük boyutlu 3B LIDAR’lar yerine standart 2B lazer tarayıcı kullanılarak çok
daha düşük maliyetli, portatif ve 360 derece görüş alanına sahip yeni bir 3B
LIDAR sisteminin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sistemin elde edilmesi temel
olarak 2B lazer tarayıcının belli bir eksen etrafında dönmesine ve bu lazer
tarayıcı tarafından yayınlanan mesafe verilerinin 3B Kartezyen nokta kümesi
olarak adlandırılan nokta bulutu verilerine dönüştürülmesine dayanır. 3B LIDAR
sistemi bir bütün olarak incelendiğinde istenen verimde çalışabilmesi için
içerdiği bileşenlerin koordineli olarak çalışması gerekir. Bu nedenle bu
yazılım ve donanım haberleşmesini yönetmek için bilgisayar tarafından kontrol
edilebilen bir yazılım platformu olan ROS (Robot İşletim Sistemi)
kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, sisteme hareket özelliği kazandırmak için bir mobil
araç tasarlandı ve LIDAR sisteminin bu mobil araca entegre edilmesiyle yeni
sistem navigasyon işlemine hazır hale getirildi. Navigasyon için aracı bir
noktadan diğerine otonom olarak hareket ettirmek ve hareket esnasında meydana
gelebilecek tüm engellerden kaçınmak için Gezinme Yığını olarak adlandırılan
bir dizi algoritma ve ROS düğümleri kullanıldı. Yapılan deneyler, geliştirilen
3B LIDAR sisteminin otonom araçlarda tüm yönlü olarak nesne tespiti için
ekonomik ve etkili bir çözüm olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan navigasyon
testleri de geliştirilen sistemin kapalı ortamlarda engel tespiti ve engelden kaçınma
gibi görevlerin yerine getirilmesinde başarılı olduğunu göstermektedir.
4-Florobenzil Alkolün Konformasyon ve Orbital Etkileşimlerinin DFT Metodu ile Teorik Çalışması
Authors: Kuş Nihal , Ilıcan Saliha
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmada, 4-florobenzil alkol (4FBA) molekülünün konformasyonları
DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) metodu kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Bileşiğin optimize
edilmiş geometrisi ve enerjileri belirlenmiştir. 4FBA, minimum enerjili ve
kararlı yapıda iki konformasyona (4FBA-I ve 4FAB-II) sahiptir. İki konformasyon
arasındaki bağıl elektronik enerji değeri 3,6 kJ mol-1 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Bariyer enerjisi 2,49 kJ mol-1 gibi çok küçük bir
değer olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu durum, konformasyonel bir gevşemeye neden
olarak, en kararlı duruma geçişi sağlayabilir. 4FBA-I ve 4FBA-II formlarının
stabilizasyon enerjileri ve donör-akseptör etkileşimleri doğal bağ orbital
(NBO) analizi ile yapılmıştır. NBO etkileşimlerinin yanında benzen halkasının
karbon atomları üzerinden elektronik delokalizasyonun olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu
durum, p→p* orbital
etkileşimi ile açıklanabilir. Ayrıca, molekülün en yüksek dolu moleküler
orbitali (HOMO) ve en düşük boş moleküler orbitali (LUMO) arasındaki enerji
farkı hesaplanmış, 4FBA-I ve 4FBA-II için sırasıyla 6,038 ve 6,142 eV olarak
bulunmuştur.
Contradiscurso del Anti-Humboldt al Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte
Authors: Magaña Gcanton Isaac
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se analizan cinco fragmentos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) que han sido intervenidos por Hugo García Manríquez en Anti-Humboldt a través de un trabajo de borraduras y superposiciones al documento original, que subyacen en el libro como una marca de agua de color gris pálido. La propuesta es leer el documento original en conjunto con las palabras seleccionadas por García Manríquez para de ese modo extraer un sentido que desafía las regulaciones migratorias, cada vez más endurecidas, en la frontera México-Estados Unidos. En esa dirección, lo que se produce es un contradiscurso que pugna por la apertura territorial y la despenalización del cruce fronterizo. Se trata, pues, de una propuesta transversal que pone en evidencia la ideología segregacionista oculta tras las proclamas de libertad y armonía del tratado.
La parte y el todo. Latinoamérica en la imaginación de Alfonso Reyes y Xul Solar
Authors: Gil Sabrina
Published: December 2019

Este ensayo analiza las relaciones entre Alfonso Reyes y el artista argentino Xul Solar en torno a un proyecto resonante: la independencia cultural americana desde la integración de lo local y lo universal. Proponemos el trazado de líneas imaginarias entre Visión de Anáhuac y una selección de acuarelas de Solar con foco en la actualización del pasado americano perimido por la Conquista y la Colonización y la resignificación de herramientas culturales provenientes de la tradición occidental. Esperamos establecer una matriz común, donde la interrogación sobre el presente y la búsqueda de un arte y una literatura autónomos propician la imaginación del pasado prehispánico mediante experimentaciones formales, en alguna medida, equivalentes en la escritura y la pintura.
GURU KRISTEN SEBAGAI PENUNTUN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XII DI SATU SEKOLAH KRISTEN [CHRISTIAN TEACHERS AS GUIDES TO LEARNING FOR GRADE 12 STUDENTS AT ONE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL]
Authors: Gultom Ester Lusia , Sitompul Henni , Tamba Kimura Patar
Published: December 2019

The implementation of the 2013 curriculum aims to improve the quality of Indonesian education by enabling students to develop competencies. Therefore, it is expected that students actively learn in the classroom so that effective learning processes are created to develop student competencies.  However, based on facts found in grade 12 at one of the Christian schools in Cibubur, students were not actively studying in class. Christian teachers see this gap as something that can be corrected with competencies they can guide. God calls Christian teachers to guide students who have fallen into sin to return to God's path with the proper competence, direction, and purpose. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present the role of a Christian teacher as a guide to learning for grade 12 students in one Christian school, as well as the resulting impact. The results of this paper about the role of Christian teachers as guides, who view students as precious and personal creations before the Lord, show that teachers are able to guide according to the needs of students using the Discovery Learning model and supporting methods such as group discussion methods, lectures, FAQs, and games. Suggestions aimed at Christian teachers may provide learning guidance for using the Discovery Learning model and its supporting methods.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Penerapan kurikulum 2013 bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan Indonesia dengan cara memampukan siswa untuk mengembangkan kompetensi. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan siswa bisa aktif belajar di kelas sehingga dapat diciptakan proses pembelajaran yang efektif untuk mengembangkan kompetensi siswa. Namun, berdasarkan fakta yang ditemukan di kelas XII pada salah satu sekolah Kristen di Cibubur, ditemukan siswa yang masih kurang aktif belajar di kelas. Guru Kristen melihat kesenjangan ini sebagai hal yang harus diperbaiki dengan kompetensi yang dimilikinya sebagai penuntun. Karena Tuhan memanggil guru Kristen untuk menuntun siswa yang telah jatuh dalam dosa supaya kembali ke jalan Tuhan, dengan kompetensi, arah, dan tujuan yang benar. Maka, tujuan penulisan paper ini adalah memaparkan peran guru Kristen sebagai penuntun belajar siswa kelas XII di satu sekolah Kristen, serta dampak yang dihasilkan. Hasil paper ini mengenai peran guru Kristen sebagai penuntun yang memandang siswa sebagai ciptaan sekaligus pribadi yang berharga di hadapan Tuhan sehingga guru mampu menuntun sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa, menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning serta metode pendukungnya seperti metode diskusi kelompok, ceramah, tanya jawab, dan permainan. Saran ditujukan kepada guru Kristen kiranya dapat memberikan tuntunan belajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan salah satunya menggunakan model Discovery Learning serta metode pendukungnya.
Perbandingan Aktivitas Analgetik Infusa dan Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Akar Tawas Ut (Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb.)
Authors: Anwar Khoerul , Riswandi Muhammad , Nurlely Nurlely
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Umbi akar tawas ut (Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb.) secara empiris digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri. Masyarakat menggunakannya dengan cara meminum air seduhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan aktivitas analgetik dari infusa dan ekstrak etanol umbi akar A. Rubiginosa. Uji analgetik dilakukan menggunakan metode geliat (Writhing test) dengan pembanding parasetamol. Tiga puluh ekor mencit dibagi 6 kelompok masing-masing 5 ekor per kelompok. Kelompok I kontrol positif (parasetamol 65,25 mg/kgBB), kelompok II kontrol negatif (Na-CMC), kelompok III infusa A. rubiginosa 25 ml/kgBB, dan kelompok IV ekstrak etanol A. rubuginosa 500 mg/kgBB. Sesudah diberi perlakuan secara per oral sesuai kelompoknya, 30 menit kemudian diinduksi dengan asam asetat secara intraperitoneal. Jumlah geliat dihitung setiap 5 menit setelah pemberian larutan asam asetat 1% dengan selama 1 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persen proteksi pemberian parasetamol 65,25 mg/kgBB, infusa A. rubiginosa 65,25 mg/kgBB dan ekstrak etanol A. rubiginosa 500 mg/kgBB secara berurutan adalah 76,04; 87,41 dan 63,77%. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa infusa umbi akar A. rubiginosa memiliki aktivitas analgetik yang kuat. Kata kunci: Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb., analgetik, infusa, ekstrak etanol  ABSTRACT Tuberous root of tawas ut (Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb.) empirically used to reduce pain. People use it by drinking boiled water of A. rubiginosa coarse powder. This study aims to determine the comparison of analgesic activity of infusion and ethanol extract of A. rubiginosa tuberous root. Analgesic test was performed using a stretching method (Writhing test) with paracetamol as comparison. Thirty mice were divided into 6 groups of 5 individuals per group. Group I was positive control (paracetamol 65.25 mg / kgBW), negative control group II (Na-CMC), group III A. rubiginosa infusion 25 ml / kgBW, and group IV ethanol extract A. rubiginosa 500 mg / kgBW. After being treated orally according to the group, 30 minutes later induced with acetate acid intraperitoneally. The amount of stretching was calculated every 5 minutes after giving 1% acetic acid solution for 1 hour. The results showed percent protection of paracetamol 65.25 mg / kgBB, A. rubiginosa infusion 65.25 mg / kgBB and ethanol extract A. rubiginosa 500 mg / kgBB was 76.04; 87.41 and 63.77% respectively. From the research it can be concluded that A. rubiginosa root tuber infusion has a strong analgesic activity. Keyword: Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb., analgetic, infusa, ethanol extract
Patrimônio cultural e educação patrimonial: a operação historiográfica e a tática marginal
Authors: Demarchi João Lorandi , Scifoni Simone
Published: December 2019

Para refletir sobre as relações entre o campo do patrimônio cultural e da educação patrimonial, recorreu-se à fundamentação teórica desenvolvida por Michel de Certeau. A partir deste autor, o patrimônio cultural é observado como um modo de se escrever a história pelos órgãos de preservação. A educação patrimonial é vista como práticas ordinárias que, em contraposição à história monumental e vinculada a fatos excepcionais, podem configurar-se como táticas para a emersão das memórias recalcadas pela história materializada pelos bens patrimonializados.
Las escuelas rurales de una comarca leonesa
Authors: Cantón Mayo Isabel
Published: December 2019

La escuela es la casa de la infancia y es el lugar de la memoria infantil que actúa como tercer educador después de la familia y los compañeros. Este artículo tiene por objetivo la recogida y documentación de los edificios escolares rurales situados en la comarca de la Maragatería. Se trata de una comarca en la provincia de León con su capital en Astorga que conserva ritos, trajes, espacios y tradiciones ancestrales muy definidos y particulares. El estudio de sus escuelas tiene también connotaciones específicas patrimoniales y contextuales. Se ha usado el método etnográfico para su elaboración. Los resultados, considerando su estructura y demás elementos arquitectónicos nos han permitido realizar una categorización de las mismas en función de la complejidad que presentan sus construcciones en: escuelas básicas antiguas (edificaciones simples de un aula y una sola planta); escuelas de balconada (las más frecuentes en la Maragatería, son de planta y piso y tienen abajo el aula y arriba la vivienda del docente); escuelas fortaleza (de planta y piso, robusta construcción, pocas ventanas, en piedra y mampostería); escuelas de torre o peineta (edificios esbeltos y esmerados con piedra y ladrillo, que se rematan en una torre con o sin reloj, o bien con una peineta en su parte frontal y suelen ser de indiano) y, finalmente, escuelas  estándar de la posguerra, (de ladrillo, muy similares a las de otras partes de España, funcionalistas y sin adornos).
Service-Learning as a Tool to Cultivate Democratically Minded Students: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Lebovits Hannah , Bharath Del M. N.
Published: December 2019

The field of public administration is intrinsically linked to a substantive experience of democracy and the development of a democratic community. This article employs John Dewey’s constructivist pedagogical approach to make the case that service-learning can be a vehicle to cultivate students’ understanding of democracy as a movement toward a common good. We use the term “real democracy” to describe the ways that substantive practices of Dewey’s communal democracy materialize in today’s public sector. We highlight the concerns “real democracy” presents for public administrators before arguing that Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs are a particularly suitable setting to cultivate Dewey’s constructivist approach to democratic education given that the spirit of the approach is already well-aligned with MPA core competencies. Finally, we present public administration educators with a democratic service-learning conceptual framework that ties together pedagogical goals, service-learning design and outcomes, and Dewey’s constructivist, democratic student experience.
P versus NP
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: December 2019

P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? It was essentially mentioned in 1955 from a letter written by John Nash to the United States National Security Agency. However, a precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. Another major complexity classes are L and NL. Whether L = NL is another fundamental question that it is as important as it is unresolved. We demonstrate that every problem in NP could be NL-reduced to another problem in L.
Ion Exchange Dialysis for Aluminium Transport through a Face Centered Central Composite Design Approach
Authors: Asante-Sackey Dennis , Rathilal Sudeh , V. Pillay Lingham , Kweinor Tetteh Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

An ion exchange dialysis (IED) is used in the recovery of aluminium from residue. In this papers, the face-centered central composite design (FC-CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability approach is used for experimental design, modelling and process optimization of a counter flow IED system. The feed concentration, feed flowrate, sweep flowrate and sweep concentration are selected as the process variables, with the Al-transport across a Nafion 117 membrane as the target response. A total of 30 experimental runs were conducted with 6 center points. The response obtained was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fitted to a second-order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis. The actual R2 and standard deviation of the model are 0.9548 and 0.2932 respectively. The influences of significant variables are plotted on 3D surface and contour plots. The designed variables were numerically optimized by applying the desirability function to achieve the maximum Al-transport. The optimised condition values were found to be feed concentration (1600 ppm), feed flowrate (61.76%), sweep flowrate (37.50%) and sweep concentration (0.75 N) for the 80% target response at 32hrs. Overall, the model can be used to effectively predict Al-recovery using the designed system
Phyllotaxis Turns over a New Leaf – A Review
Authors: Lamport Derek T , Tan Li , Held Michael , Kieliszewski Marcia
Published: December 2019

Sixty years ago in the lab adjacent to Fred Sanger (1958 Nobel Prize for protein chemistry), I discovered the cell surface hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. Nature keeps some of her secrets longer than others. It has taken many years to dissect the molecular function and biological role of extensins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Extensins template the formation of new cell walls. AGPs remained baffling and enigmatic until a Eureka moment when computer prediction of AGP calcium binding depicted paired glucuronic acid residues and thus the likely role of a cell surface AGP-Ca2+capacitor: In conjunction with the auxin-activated proton pump that releases bound Ca2+ it led us to formulate the Hechtian Growth Oscillator as A Global Paradigm with a pivotal role in Ca2+ homeostasis. The ramifications are profound. They cannot be shrugged off with sceptical disdain but demand critical reappraisal of current dogma. Phyllotaxis is an ancient problem; it involves an essential role for auxin and the auxin efflux “PIN” proteins together with mechanotransduction of stress-strain as phyllotactic determinants. However, a general explanation remains elusive despite much effort, particularly by mathematicians. Here we propose a novel biochemical algorithm: Hechtian oscillator transduction of cell wall stress generates phyllotactic patterns quite independent of a mathematical approach. Plants simply use different rules and follow a different route.
Sentinel-1 SLC Preprocessing Workflow for Polarimetric Applications: A Generic Practice for Generating Dual-pol Covariance Matrix Elements in SNAP S-1 Toolbox
Authors: Mandal Dipankar , Vaka Divya Sekhar , Bhogapurapu Narayana Rao , Vanama V. S. K. , Kumar Vineet , Rao Yalamanchili S. , Bhattacharya Avik
Published: December 2019

Sentinel-1 SAR data preprocessing is essential for several earth observation applications, including land cover classification, change detection, vegetation monitoring, urban growth, natural hazards, etc. The information can be extracted from the 2x2 covariance matrix [C2] of Sentinel-1 dual-pol (VV-VH) acquisitions. To generate the covariance matrix from Sentinel-1 single look complex (SLC) data, several preprocessing steps are required. The ESA SNAP S-1 toolbox can be used to preprocess the data to generate a [C2] matrix. The polarimetric analysis in respective application fields often starts with the covariance matrix. However, due to limited availability of Sentinel-1 SLC data preprocessing workflow standards for polarimetric applications in contemporary research methods, downstream applications unable to comply with these workflows directly. In this paper, we propose a couple of generic practices to preprocess Sentinel-1 SLC data in SNAP S-1 toolbox, which would be beneficial for the radar remote sensing user community.
Hypothetical Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding the Significance and Applications of the Strong Coupling Constant
Authors: Seshavatharam U.V.S , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: December 2019

As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with nuclear stability and binding energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique energy coefficient. In table-3, we present the estimated nuclear binding energy data for Z=3 to 120 and compare it with the two standard semi empirical mass formulae as a supplementary file.
Ataxin-2 Binds Alpha-Actinin-1
Authors: Eich Florian , Nonis David F. , Sen Nesli-Ece , Nowock Joachim , Auburger Georg
Published: December 2019

Ataxin-2 (human gene symbol ATXN2, protein ATXN2) is the disease protein of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). The large expansions of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch above a threshold of ~33 glutamines cause the multi-system nervous atrophy SCA2, while intermediate expansions of 29-32 glutamines contribute to the risk of the motor neuron diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Fronto-Temporal Lobar Dementia (FTLD). To elucidate the cellular function of ATXN2, we further characterized its direct interaction with alpha-Actinin-1 (symbol ACTN1), which had been observed in high-throughput yeast-two-hybrid surveys. An endogenous complex of ATXN2 and ACTN1 proteins was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. In vitro GST-tag pull-down experiments showed that the Calponin-Homology-domain at the N-terminus of ACTN1 binds to the N-terminus of ATXN2. Although an impact of the polyQ expansion on the interaction was not evident in pull-down experiments, a recent characterization of aged Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mice provides evidence. Both proteins associated in the cytosol and at the plasma membrane, as determined by sedimentation experiments in mouse brain, and by immunofluorescence microscopy of a transfected monkey cell line and of rat primary hippocampal neurons. In view of the roles of ACTN1 for spine plasticity and postsynaptic receptor control via reassembly of cortical actin, our data help to explain the impaired dendrite maintenance in SCA2.
Roots of Quantum Computational Supremacy: Superposition? Entanglement? Or Complementarity?
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei
Published: December 2019

The recent Google’s claim on breakthrough in quantum computing is a gong signal for further analysis of foundational roots of (possible) superiority of some quantum algorithms over the corresponding classical algorithms. This note is a step in this direction. We start with critical analysis of rather common reference to entanglement and quantum nonlocality as the basic sources of quantum superiority. We elevate the role of the Bohr’s principle of complementarity1 (PCOM) by interpreting the Bell-experiments as statistical tests of this principle. (Our analysis also includes comparison of classical vs genuine quantum entanglements.) After a brief presentation of PCOM and endowing it with the information interpretation, we analyze its computational counterpart. The main implication of PCOM is that by using the quantum representation of probability, one need not compute the joint probability distribution (jpd) for observables involved in the process of computation. Jpd’s calculation is exponentially time consuming. Consequently, classical probabilistic algorithms involving calculation of jpd for n random variables can be over-performed by quantum algorithms (for big values of n). Quantum algorithms are based on quantum probability calculus. It is crucial that the latter modifies the classical formula of total probability (FTP). Probability inference based on the quantum version of FTP leads to constructive interference of probabilities increasing probabilities of some events. We also stress the role the basic feature of the genuine quantum superposition comparing with the classical wave superposition: generation of discrete events in measurements on superposition states. Finally, the problem of superiority of quantum computations is coupled with the quantum measurement problem and linearity of dynamics of the quantum state update.
Migration flows between levels of the Brazilian urban hierarchy in the period 1980-2010
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo Coelho de , Charles-Edwards Elin
Published: December 2019

In the 1980s, an inflexion was observed in the spatial redistribution of the Brazilian population, attributed to the relative economic decentralization initiated in the 1970s, especially regarding industrial activities. These changes in the national space economy led to dramatic changes in the volumes and directions of migration flows. This paper researches the impact of the changing patterns of migration across the Brazilian urban hierarchy over the last three decades to determine if a process of deconcentration, as pointed out by some authors, is, in fact, underway. The flows between different levels of the urban hierarchy were calculated based on census data and represented visually in a series of graphs. If a process of deconcentration is occurring, an increase of flows from urban centres positioned in the higher hierarchical levels to lower ordercentres is expected. This study indicates a process of population concentration in larger cities, but not in the highest level of the urban hierarchy - which suggests an inflexion of historical metropolization tendencies in Brazil. The growing importance of “Regional Capitals”, the second highest level, suggests a process of restructuration and relative decompression of the urban system, although the pace of these changes is slowing down.
Um espaço, dois momentos epidêmicos: surtos de febre amarela (1896-1897) e de gripe (1918-1919) em Campinas, estado de São Paulo
Authors: Bassanezi Maria Silvia Beozzo , Cunha Maisa Faleiros
Published: December 2019

Este estudo analisa a mortalidade por epidemias de febre amarela (1896-1897) e de gripe (1918-1919), registradas no município de Campinas (SP, Brasil), no período de predomínio da economia cafeeira, de imigração de massa e de pré-transição demográfica e epidemiológica – finais do século XIX e primeiras décadas do XX. Tais epidemias – transmitidas por diferentes agentes transmissores –ocorreram em momentos, sazonalidade e ritmos distintos, atingindo de forma diferente os vários segmentos populacionais. Elas disseminaram-se na população local muito em função da grande mobilidade populacional, facilitada pela expansão da rede ferroviária paulista, das condições sanitárias e de vida das pessoas atingidas e da atuação dos órgãos governamentais. Consequentemente, houve implicações na dinâmica e evolução demográfica do município e nas políticas de saúde pública. O presente estudo fez uso de informações contidas nas atas do Registro Civil de óbitos desse município, nos Anuários do Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, censos e fontes de época de caráter mais qualitativo.
The Effect of Indonesian Government’s Debt to the US and Greece on Composite Stock Price Index in ASEAN-5 and Australia
Authors: Saputro Nugroho
Published: December 2019

The global economic crisis has become a nightmare for other countries when the crisis is originated from a multipower country. A financial crisis that hit European countries (Greece) in 2010 and the United States (US) in 2011 can be categorized as a financial crisis caused by a high state’s debt that leads to default. The response to the financial crisis is reflected in capital market players’ reactions, where other countries will respond to a particular endemic financial crisis. The objectives of this research are (1). Analyze the Impulse Response Function (IRF) of the Composite Stock Price Index of the US on Composite Stock Price Index in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, and Australia. (2). Analyze the Impulse Response Function (IRF) of the Composite Stock Price Index of Greece on the Composite Stock Price Index in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, and Australia. (3). Analyze the Forecasting Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) of the Composite Stock Price Index of Indonesia on the Composite Stock Price Index of Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, and Australia. The analysis will be conducted using VAR (Vector Autoregression). The result shows that all variables are responded to the financial crisis that happened in Greece and the US. This is reflected by the shocks created by the financial crisis in ASEAN-5 countries and Australia. On the other hand, the Composite Stock Price Index of Indonesia is also affected by Malaysia and Singapore.
Monthly Active User Improvement in Social Media Mobile Phone Application: The Six Sigma Approach
Authors: Fitriaty Sulistia
Published: December 2019

This research study is focused on one social media that starts as an instant messaging app called ABC. ABC is an app originally from Southeast Asia that started to enter the Indonesian market in 2013. It has been struggling to maintain its monthly active user (MAU) during the past few months and wishes to get back on its feet as soon as possible. The problem occurred when it was unable to reach its MAU target which is 92 million in 2017. According to the control chart, it hasn’t quite made a significant improvement since the beginning of 2017. It is also incapable to meet the target. Several projects have been done just as usual to increase the number of MAU, but nothing happens. The number of MAU is going up and down without ever reaching the target. Based on 5 Whys Analysis, the root cause of the problem lies in two factors, the projects are held too often, and the company cannot specialize in each project based on specific target market criteria. The possible solution to implement is that the company should appoint someone to be the project planning coordinator. He or she will manage all executed projects so that they will align together to support company’s mission. Hence, increase the number of MAU as well. In conclusion, this study is aimed to improve the number of Monthly Active Users. This study will use Six Sigma approach to analyze deeply the problem being faced and come up with proposal solution for ABC App to implement in order to increase MAU. This study uses DMAIC method because the method is suitable to improve existing processes. The control phase will also be implemented by using FMEA Table. FMEA Table helps project planning coordinator to control each project so that further risks can be prevented in the beginning.
Damage Related to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in and Around Kamaishi City – Beyond the Tsunami Disaster –
Authors: Ohsumi Tsuneo , Dohi Yuji , Hazarika Hemanta ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Department of Civil Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Published: December 2019

Widespread damage was caused in eastern Japan as a result of the earthquake and tsunami which occurred in 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku (hereinafter, the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake). A large tsunami struck the coastal area of eastern Japan and caused damage to buildings, breakwaters, tide embankments and river levees. The joint reconnaissance team of the Tohoku and Kyushu branches of the Japanese Geotechnical Society investigated the geotechnical damage in the south-central coastal area of Iwate Prefecture from the beginning of April to September 2011. This report summarizes the geotechnical hazards and the damage to port structures, roads, railways, river levees, and buildings caused by the earthquake motion and tsunami in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in the south-central coastal area of Iwate Prefecture. Major investigation areas are Kamaishi City (Koshirahama Port, Touni-Chou), the coastal area of Ofunato City (Sanriku-Chou Yoshihama, Sanriku-Chou Okirai), and Rikuzentakata City. In the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, many people could not or did not evacuate from the tsunami. However, students at junior high and elementary schools started tsunami evacuation quickly, resulting in what is known as the “Kamaishi Miracle.” This study focused on the tsunami evacuation of children in Unosumai district, Kamaishi City.