bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bot Chat : Customer Relation dengan Teknologi Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Laksana Utama Putu Kussa
Published: July 2020

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly massive in the industries. One of the advantages of implementing AI is operational efficiency, because by using AI that is implemented on computer machines, the use of human as an operator in an industry can be minimized. This certainly affects the operational efficiency of an organization. One form of AI implementation in the industries is the Chatbot program. Chatbot is a virtual program that is able to communicate like a human. In many cases, Chatbot take role in the Front-End section of an organization that functions as a customer relations medium. This paper aims to examine various techniques of developing Chatbot for the past 8 years in the academic research environment. In this paper there are 6 scientific articles reviewed focusing on the their techniques and methods of development. The results obtained show that there has been a shift or development of Chatbot's communication features, from the original symbol-based computer keyboard to audio-based speech recognition. Also, there are variations in the construction of knowledge bases, ranging from AIML to semantic based.
Interaksi Simbolik dalam Proses Komunikasi Nonverbal pada Aplikasi Tiktok
Authors: Eka Putri Ni Luh Wiwik
Published: July 2020

The emergence of communication technology, such as Smartphones has changed the pattern of individual communication in society. They can communicate without having to face to face directly with each other. Smartphones pamper their users with features and applications that are constantly updated due to human needs and requests. One application that is now widely enjoyed by the public is the TikTok application. Designed for the new generation of content creators, TikTok allows users to create short, unique videos that are fast and easy to use various special effects to share with friends and the world. Whether in the form of dance, comedy, free-style or other performance acts. Through the TikTok application can also make people become famous, some of them are @bowoo_alpenliebe, @Nurraini, @Nadia Zerlinda. In symbolic interaction through Lipsync as a means of communication in Tiktok Bowo interpreted his resentment towards the ex, because with his prank, he teased Iqball, then Zerlinda expressed his feelings towards someone he loved. While symbolic interaction through body language and tiktoker gestures, among others, is shown through gesture seen from nonverbal activities in three ways, namely: 1) the original source of actions such as facial expressions; 2) marking or coding such as body movements and their meaning 3) the use of communicative actions to convey meaning and interactive actions to influence the behavior of participants or other parties.
Deprivation approach towards assessment and analysis of poverty among working population in the region
Authors: Karimov Aibulat Galim'yanovich
Published: July 2020

This article presents some results of studying the problem of poverty among working population from the perspective of deprivation approach. The author analyzes the used approaches towards assessment of poverty, substantiates the viability of deprivation approach and its potential utilization for more comprehensive research of households within the poverty level in the current Russian conditions. The article displays the advantaged of deprivation approach that consists in its linkage to the average living standards in the country, and possibility of assessment of flaws in meeting a wide variety of needs of the households and an individual. A list of deprivations according to which was distinguished the group of population within poverty level is described. The author determines essential differences in assessments of the representatives of “working poor population” distinguished on the grounds of deprivations from other groups of respondents. The conducted analysis allowed revealing the alienation of the group of poor people based on deprivations from the entire population, their essential exclusion from the everyday life of the society. The author underlines that poor people distinguished on the grounds of deprivations are limited not only financially and in sources for overcoming financial difficulties, but the problem of their poverty also worsens by psychological peculiarities of such people – constant deprivations form the “psychology of a poor man”, characterized by insecurities, complacence, and no desire to strive for improvement.  
A brief review on eutectic mixture and its role in pharmaceutical field
Authors: Balakrishnan I  , Jawahar N  , Senthil Venkatachalam  , Debosmita Datta
Published: July 2020

Eutectic mixture (EM) is as a mixture of more than one substance that does not interact individually to create a new entity but in a particular ratio that exhibits a lower range of melting point than it had in individual. EM should be formulated in such a way that it should have major advantages in pharmaceutical industries. EM can be a mixture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), or different ratios of APIs and excipients, or various excipients. Deep eutectic solvents containing APIs (API-DES) considered as an innovative approach to form different APIs in the liquid state. This new approach of liquid form is versatile and plays an important role in drug delivery. The selection of ideal hydrogen bond-donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond-acceptor (HBA) is an essential parameter. Ionic liquids (IL), derivatives of deep eutectic solvents (DES) have got much attention since it can replace harmful organic solvent by their extraordinary properties. Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDESs) are considered to be an exceptional option in the advancement of biomedicine. This can be utilized for improvising drug solubility, bioavailability as well as drug permeation through the skin. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) can be considered as an alternate option, replacing harsh solvents. It has special characteristics of better biodegradability and biocompatibility. These NADES mainly used to separate and purification of natural compounds. This review focuses on the eutectic mixture and its application in the area of drug delivery systems, and pharmaceutical and pharmacological fields.
Effectiveness of lumbar support on backache among postoperative patients
Authors: Parimala L  , Jeevapriya T
Published: July 2020

The post-operative period is a critical time during hospitalization. Back pain is one of the most common indispositions during the post-operative period. Many causes may be attributed to post-operative Back pain. A few of them maybe ACT during a medical procedure, length of medical procedure, a span of immobilization, and exacerbation of existing ailment. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of lumbar support on Backache among post-operative patients. A quantitative approach with the quasi-experimental design was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of lumbar support on Backache among the post-operative patients at Saveetha Medical College Hospital. Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Sociodemographic variables of samples were collected by interviewing them. The Numerical pain Rating Scale assessed the Backache. The study findings revealed were recorded. The present study findings depict that in the pre-test of the experimental group majority of them had severe pain, 68%.In contrast, in the post-test the pain level reduced from moderate to mild due to lumbar support among post-operative patients. In the control group, most of them had severe pain 62%, whereas, in the post-test, 52% had moderate level pain. The mean and standard deviation of the effectiveness of lumbar support on Backache among post-operative patients in the experimental group mean is 3.2. The standard deviation of 3.34 w-0, the mean difference is -2.87 z value is -4.7821. The investigation results delineated that there was an association between the degree of back pain and history of back pain among the experimental and the control group patients with p< 0.05.
Perception of Mothers among Cerebral Palsy Children with Disabilities in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Elanchezhian Chinnavan  , Swarna kumari P
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is to check the perception of mothers of cerebral palsy children with disabilities in Tamil Nadu. Data, from India, on perceptions about Cerebral palsy disability are scant. This study explored mother’s knowledge, social well-being and awareness of treatment rendered. During the development of the questionnaire, review of the literature has been primarily made; during developing the questionnaire personal and social values were considered. The questionnaire was emerged with 9 themes, Knowledge of disability condition, Parental stress, Community support, Child ability, Mothers Confidence, Improvement, Health status, Benefits & Belief. Data were collected from mothers of both male and female children with cerebral palsy aged between 1 to 18 years. 220 mothers, averaged 33.44 + 6.14years, of children with CP were randomly selected for this study. Data was collected from mothers attending rehabilitation centers from different institution and special schools in Tamil Nadu. Mothers can hold both a fatalistic view of disability and a belief in the course of disability.The raw data was tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS 17 version software. Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated, the results showed that its Cronbach’s Alpha was extremely good (r=0.96). Our results suggest that there is significance difference with in the mother’s perception towards types of disability in Parental stress, child’s ability, mother’s confidence, improvement, health status, benefits and belief.Mothers should be motivated to maximize rehabilitation services in order to improve their children’s functional capacity. The appreciation of this phenomenon could move towards a model for the delivery of rehabilitation that integrates and harmonizes such beliefs.
Guided Endodontics : A Novel Invasive Technique For Access Cavity Preparation -Review
Authors: Madhulika Chandak  , Manoj Chandak  , Chanchal Rathi  , Samrudhi Khatod  , Pooja Chandak  , Kajol Relan
Published: July 2020

Precision medicine (PM) refers to the modifying of medical or dental treatment according to the individual features of each patient. Imaging has become a central part of PM since the last decade. PM takes into account and aims to exploit the specific profile of the patient’s unique biology and problem. Imaging plays an important role by providing morphologic and functional information, focusing and guiding treatment and assessing response to therapy. Image-guided treatment (IGT), or here specifically image-guided endodontics, is not a strategy that tries to optimize 3-D cleaning, shaping and disinfection, and filling root canal systems. Importantly, IGT is not about simply making a smaller access or smaller shape. It is concept for preserving dentin and restoring the balance. It is about planning access, planning shape using a directed approach, and evaluating the response to treatment. So, in this meta-analysis review, we discuss about the role of image guided therapies like static CT guidance & Dynamic guidance, guided rail based on CBCT (3D printer-based template) used in conventional endodontic therapies and in endodontic surgery. The used of CBCT in the various branches of dentistry such has oral implantology, periodontology has been increased due to its three–dimensional visualization. For the technology to be fully transferred to everyday clinical endodontic practice, there are number of considerations. The novel concepts of guided endodontichas been reported as an effective method to obtain safe and reliable method during variable endodontic procedures.
Semiclassical approximation of functional integrals
Authors: Malyutin V. B. , Nurjanov B. O.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we consider a semiclassical approximation of special functional integrals with respect to the conditional Wiener measure. In this apptoximation we use the expansion of the action with respect to the classical trajectory. In so doing, the first three terms of expansion are taken into account. Semiclassical approximation may be interpreted as an expansion in powers of the Planck constant. The novelty of this work is the numerical analysis of the accuracy of the semiclassical approximation of functional integrals. A comparison of the results is used for numerical analysis. Some results are obtained by means of semiclassical approximation, while the other by means of the functional integrals calculation method based on the expansion in eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian generating a functional integral.
APPLICATION OF MY HEALTH REPORT BOOK THE HEALTH INFORMATION SERIES WITH A COMBINATION COUNSELING INCREASED THE HEALTH KNOWLEDE OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SIBOLGA
Authors: Chahyanto Bibi Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Currently, there are still many health and nutrition problems on adolescents in Indonesia. Efforts made by the government to improve adolescent health in schools through the My Health Report Book. Since its launch and distribution to students, until now the application of this book has not been optimal. This study aims to determine the impact of the use of the My Health Report Book Health Information series (RK Book series) combined with counseling to increase student health knowledge. The study design used was quasy experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. There were 82 students who were respondents, consisting of three classes in SMP Negeri 1 Sibolga. Respondents were given an intervention in the form of using the Infokes RK Book Series combined with health education. Counseling was done three times with the distance between the counseling was one week. Pretest and posttest were given one week before and one week after the intervention period. The results of the study prove that respondents consisted of 41.46% of men and 58.54% of women between the ages of 11-14 years. Most respondents (78.04%) had normal nutritional status (BMI/U). There was a significant difference between the level of knowledge and attitudes related to the health of respondents before and after the intervention. The conclusion of this study was the use of Infokes RK Book series combined with health education can improve the health knowledge of school students.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Industri Makanan Ringan Menggunakan Boston Consulting Group Matrix
Authors: Saputra Afrizal Dwi Wana , Danial R Deni Muhammad , Samsudin Acep
Published: July 2020

Dunia usaha industri minuman dan makanan pada dekat ini mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7.88% ditahun 2015 dan 8.22% ditahun 2016 dengan semakin tingginya pertumbuhan industri minuman dan makanan persaingan antar perusahaan seperti Mayora Indah Tbk, Indofood CBD, Siantar Top dan Tiga Pilar Sejahtera menjadi lebih kompleks. Setiap perusahaan harus memiliki strategi pemasarannya masing-masing untuk mempertahankan daya saing dengan kompetitor lainnya, oleh karena itu penulis melakukan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi perusahaan Mayora Indah Tbk berdasarkan Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) sehingga perusahaan dapat merencanakan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan daya saing. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dengan matriks BCG, dapat diketahui tingkat pertumbuhan pasar penjualan produk PT. Mayora Indah Tbk sebesar 13.44% yang berarti bahwa PT. Mayora Indah Tbk memiliki pertumbuhan pasar yang tinggi. Telah diketahui juga bahwa pangsa pasar relatif PT. Mayora Indah Tbk tahun 2017 sebesar 0,58 kali <1 yang artinya menunjukkan bahwa PT. Mayora Indah Tbk memiliki pangsa pasar lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Indofood CBP karena nilai pangsa pasar relatif  Indofood CBP sebesar 1.71 kali >1. Dan berdasarkan matrik BCG PT. Mayora Indah Tbk 2017, letak posisi titik berada di kuadran Question Mark atau tanda tanya dengan indikasi pertumbuhan pasar yang tinggi dan pangsa pasarnya yang rendah. Ini berarti jumlah pertumbuhan penjualan Mayora tinggi dan pangsa pasar rendah. Strategi yang dapat di ambil adalah tetap berinvestasi pada produk atau bisnis unit yang berada dalam kategori Question Marks ini karena pertumbuhan pasar yang tinggi.
Soziologische, sozialpsychologische und zeitdiagnostische Analysen
Authors: Kilian Hans
Published: July 2020

Mit der bislang einzigen Zusammenstellung der wichtigsten sozialpsychologischen und soziologischen Schriften Hans Kilians beginnt eine psychoanalytisch fundierte Reise in die unmittelbare Vorgeschichte unserer Gegenwart. Ihr thematisches Spektrum reicht vom ideologisierten Sex und der Zukunft der Liebe über Fragen einer postpatriarchalischen Ära bis hin zu den Risiken einer mit Atomwaffen übersäten Welt, von der »Kulturrevolution des Westens« bis zur »Krankheit zum Tode«.

Die seit den 1960er Jahren von dem einflussreichen Psychoanalytiker verfassten Abhandlungen verfehlen ihre Wirkung bis heute nicht. Sie sind trotz ihrer eigenen Zeitgebundenheit höchst aktuell, herausfordernd und anregend geblieben: wortgewaltige wie originelle Musterbeispiele der Leistungskraft einer zeitdiagnostischen, emanzipatorischen Wissenschaft vom Menschen.
Spuren des Verlorenen
Authors: Rohde-Dachser Christa
Published: July 2020

Der Verlust der frühen Mutter-Kind-Einheit und das daraus resultierende Gefühl des Mangels hinterlassen in jedem Menschen Lücken, die er ein Leben lang zu schließen sucht. Christa Rohde-Dachser untersucht aus psychoanalytischer und soziologischer Perspektive, wie sich die Spuren dieses Verlorenen auch in psychischen Krankheiten und in den Ausgestaltungen der Geschlechterdifferenz wiederfinden lassen, die die heutige Gesellschaft prägen. Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen, Depression, Suchterkrankungen, masochistische Perversionen und hysterische Dramatisierungen lassen sich vor diesem Hintergrund auch als Suche nach inneren Objekten verstehen, deren Anwesenheit die ursprüngliche Erfahrung von Einheit wiederherstellen soll. Auch die Geschlechterdifferenz, in der das eigene Fehlende im geschlechtlichen Gegenüber gesucht und dann dort begehrt oder auch bekämpft wird, zeugt von der Erinnerung an eine ursprüngliche Ganzheit, die in der sexuellen Verschmelzung mit dem Anderen einen Moment lang wieder erfahren werden kann.
Vom Prothesengott zur Psychoprothese
Authors: Straub Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Sigmund Freud übersah bei seinem Entwurf eines wissenschaftlich-technisch ausgerüsteten, doch nicht glücklich werdenden Prothesengotts, wie Psychoanalyse, Psychologie und Psychotherapie selbst zur Erweiterung der Prothetik beitragen. Sie verbessern Arbeits-, Leistungs- und Liebesfähigkeit, sie stützen und optimieren das zutiefst verunsicherte Selbst von Menschen, die ihre hypermoderne Existenz ohne solche professionellen Hilfsmittel mitunter kaum mehr bewältigen können.

Lesende dieses hochaktuellen Buchs, das die These vom Prothesengott um die Dimension einer Psychoprothese erweitert, begegnen nicht nur den smarten prothetischen Kunstwelten des 21. Jahrhunderts, sondern auch dem psychotechnisch optimierten Selbst unserer Tage.
Management of Symptoms of Parkinsonism Through Panchakarma Therapy
Authors: Pandey Ashok Kumar , Mishra Saurabh , Mishra Alka
Published: July 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting the elderly population. Symptoms of Parkinsonism include motor function abnormalities, tremors in hands and legs, postural instability, etc. Side-effect free, long-term management of Parkinsonism is still a challenge. According to Ayurveda, the disease that resembles the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease is Kampavata (kampa means tremors), which is primarily caused by the imbalance of the Vata Dosha. Various Panchakarma procedures have been found useful in the treatment of different Vata Vyadhis (diseases caused by the imbalance of Vata Dosha).Methodology: Panchakarma therapy was administered for 19 days to a male patient suffering from symptoms of Parkinsonism (Kampavata) since about nine months, as well as other associated ailments. According to Ayurveda, Kampavata is primarily associated with Vata imbalance. Hence, Vata pacifying herbal medicines, that also provide strengthening and nourishing effect to the degenerative tissues of the body, as well as nourishment to the brain, were used.Results: The patient experienced significant relief in the tremors in B/L hands, numbness in B/L big toes, weakness in lower extremity, and lower back pain. The patient also experienced notable relief in the complaints of Constipation, Gastric upset, and Flatus. Overall, the patient reported a satisfactory experience after taking the therapy.Conclusion: Panchakarma therapy showed encouraging results in the management of symptoms associated with Parkinsonism, as well as other associated ailments, in short duration of time.
Mechanism of clay swelling in Villarlod molasse, a Swiss sandstone
Authors: Wangler Timothy
Published: July 2020

The characterization of swelling clays is important for diverse fields, including the field of conservation of built cultural heritage. Villarlod molasse, a building stone utilized frequently across Switzerland, is known to be damaged by swelling clays embedded in its matrix. In this study, the mechanism of how the clays lead to swelling in the stone itself is examined, and similar to previous studies, crystalline swelling is noted as the most likely source. A scaling factor linking X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dilatometric swelling experiments is calculated, and evidence for the existence of an initial monolayer of moisture in the embedded clays at ambient relative humidities is presented. A qualitative micromechanical model describing how the nonswelling stone matrix exerts a pressure on the clay layers, affecting their swelling behavior, is presented.
EVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL"INSULIN-GLUCOSE"
Authors: Kisil S.I. , Zaletova T.S.
Published: July 2020

Algorithms for predicting blood glucose based on the use of mathematical models that can be used in continuous monitoring systems for blood sugar are described.
Reshaping Educational Systems to Realize the Promise of Inclusive Education
Authors: Choi Jeong Hoon , McCart Amy B , Sailor Wayne
Published: July 2020

Inclusive educational practices are rooted in a body of research indicating that when students in need of support through special education are meaningfully included in schools, academic and social outcomes improve for all students. To realize this promise of better outcomes, traditional schools with separate classrooms and even schools designated to exclusively serve various learner subgroups (e.g., students identified for special education) will require reorganized systems, structures, and resources.
Predictors of Public School Leadership Capacity in Bishkek
Authors: Sindhvad Swetal , Richardson Jayson , Ivanov Alexandr , Lingat John Eric M.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide insight into contextual factors predicting the extent of principals
PRODUCTION AND COMPARATIVE QUALITY EVALUATION OF CHIN-CHIN SNACKS FROM MAIZE, SOYBEAN AND ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO FLOUR BLENDS
Authors: Ndife J. , Abasiekong K. S. , Nweke B. , Linus-Chibuezeh A. , Ezeocha V. C.
Published: July 2020

Most snacks are prepared from basically cereal flours which are nutritionally inadequate. There is the need to complement the nutrient content of these snacks by varying the food sources. Chin-chin snacks were produced from composite flours of Maize, soybean and OFSP with the following formation; sample A (50%: 25%: 25%), B (25%: 25%: 50%), C (25%: 50%: 25%), D (0%: 50%: 50%) and E (50%: 50%: 0%). Wheat flour (100%) served as the control F. The flour bends were analysed for functional properties while the chin-chin snacks were analysed for their nutrient and sensory qualities. The result of functional properties of the flours showed that bulk density of wheat flour (F) was the highest (0.746 g/ml). OFSP flour enhanced the water absorption capacity of the flour blends. Flour blends with soybean recorded higher values in foam capacity (11.20 - 22.55%). In proximate composition, the moisture was low (3.80 – 4.80%) in the chin-chin. Higher fibre content (2.60 - 4.20%) was obtained in samples containing higher proportion (50%) of OFSP. Samples D (19.38%) and C (18.80%) with higher soybean, recorded higher protein values. The mineral and the vitamin contents of snacks from composite flours were higher than that of the control F. Vitamin B1, B2, B3 and β-carotene contents of the snacks were enhanced by OFSP. The sensory evaluation showed preference for snack F (100% wheat flour) followed by snack A (50% maize, 25% soybean and 25% OFSP). However, improved nutrient dense chin-chin snacks were produced from the composite flours.
EMPLOYEE LEAVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Adamu Abubakar
Published: July 2020

Employee  leave management system combine number of processes and systems to automate and easily manage employee data, leave request, track and grant leave.  In many institution staff are entitled to different types of leave, these leave are granted according to institution policy. Administrative department is mostly responsible for managing and granting leave request.  To this end, most institution used conventional method of requesting, granting and managing leave. In conventional method, leave is manually request by writing letter to head of department. The head of department minutes and forward the request to higher staff for approval. This method is time consuming, prone to error, require more paper work and difficult to manage. Hence the need for an automated leave management system that is faster, error free, less paper work and easy to manage. The system was achieved by developing an automated employee leave management system using the three tier software architectural model. The System is implemented using web based technologies which include CSS, JS, HTML, MySQL, PHP and runs on Windows operating system. . The overall functionality of the system shows that it work satisfactory and the result obtained shows that the system is error free, faster and allows staff to request for leave in a timely manner. Hence the system can be used by both academic staff and administrative department of an institution for effective and efficient management of employee leave.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY OF PINEAPPLE IN KANO STATE MARKETS, NIGERIA
Authors: Lawal A. T. , Danbazau S. A. , Yusuf A. O. , Ahmad Y. S. , Adomi A. A. , Sadiq M. S. , Suleiman I. , Barau S. S.
Published: July 2020

The study analysed the marketing efficiency of pineapple in selected markets in Kano metropolis. Data was collected with the used of questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics, market margin analysis and market efficiency. Results shows that the majority (33.3%) of the respondents were within the ages of 47-55 years, followed by 23.8% within the age range of 29-37 years and 9.5% of age range of 56-64 years were the minimum. Household size, in the wholesaler’s side category 5-8 size had the highest members with 42.80%, followed by 1-4 and 17-20 with 19.10% each, while 14.30% had 9-12 and the least was households within the range of 13-16 with only 4.8%, while in the retailer’s side category 1-5 size had the highest members with 40.90%, followed by 11-15 with 24.90%, then 22.60% had 6-10 while 9.10% had 16-20 size and the least was household within the range of 21-25 with only 2.30%. However, 31-37years category ranked the least with 4.80%. On the retailers side the result reveals that 13-20 years category ranked the highest with 41.00% and 37-44years category were the least with 6.80% each. The marketing margin analysis indicated that for every 14.4kg pineapple, gross marketing margin of wholesalers N 158.85 was higher than that of retailers N 129.66 whereas net marketing margin of retailers with N 91.24 was higher than that of wholesalers with  N 59.09, return on investment of retailers with 1.11 was also higher than that of wholesalers with 1.08, and however, marketing margin of wholesalers
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF METAL(II) COMPLEXES WITH SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM 2-AMINOPHENOL AND 2-HYDROXY-6-METHOXY-3-QUINLINECARBOXALDEHYDE
Authors: JABBI Abubakar Muhammad , Aliyu Habu Nuhu , Ishaku Suleiman , Kabir Abdullahi Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Schiff base derived from 2-aminophenol and 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-quinolinecarboxaldehyde and its Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, melting point and decomposition temperature, molar conductivity, IR spectral analysis, AAS analysis, solubility test, and magnetic susceptibility. The FTIR spectral data of the Schiff base determined showed a band at 1622cm-1  which was assigned to the v(C=N), a feature of azomethine group. The same band was observed to shift to lower frequencies 1577 and 1599cm-1 in the complexes suggesting coordination of the Schiff base with the respective metal (II) ions. Molar conductance values 14.58 and 12.65Ω-1cm2mol-1show that the metal complexes were non-electrolytic in nature. The magnetic susceptibility of the complexes were determined and the gram magnetic susceptibility of the complexes were found to be positive, revealing that they are paramagnetic. The elemental analysis of the complexes for C, N and H determined suggested (1:1) metal to ligand ratio.  The result of the antimicrobial studiesthat, the metal (II) complexes exhibited higher antibacterial and antifungal activity than the Schiff base but lower than the reference drugs Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole used as control in all cases.
EFFECT OF SUB-CHRONIC ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF HYDROMETHANOLIC STEM EXTRACT OF COSTUS AFER KER GAWL. (COSTACEAE) ON LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Jimoh A. A. , Maiha B. B. , Chindo B. A. , Ejiofor J. I.
Published: July 2020

The liver and the kidneys are two very important organs in the body and they are responsible for the metabolism and excretion of drugs respectively amongst several other functions. Severe adverse effects on these organs can lead to organ dysfunction or failure and a consequential effect on wellbeing and can even be life-threatening. This study investigated the effects of hydromethanolic stem extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) on liver and kidney function indices and the histopathology of the organs in Wistar rats. Serum liver enzymes which include: alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin as well as serum urea, creatinine, sodium ions, potassium ions, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions were evaluated in biochemical studies. Sections of the liver and kidneys appropriately treated were examined microscopically for pathological lesions.There were decreased serum levels of ALT and ALP, but serum levels of AST increased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses. Serum levels of total protein (TP) and albumin concentration as well as urea and creatinine serum levels were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. However, histological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed slight to moderate hepatic necrosis and slight tubular necrosis respectively especially at 500 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract. The results showed that the extract may be harmful to the liver and to a lesser extent the kidneys on prolonged administration and therefore it should be used with caution in such instances.
ARE THEY ALSO MIND COLONIZERS? EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND DEPRESSION
Authors: Ayeni Funmilola , Fadeyi Tolulope Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

The association of the gut microbiota with many diseased and healthy state is currently of global interest.  Gut microbiota is able to alter immune responses and behaviour and it is also involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Depression is a disorder that is etiologically heterogeneous. There is a strong evidence for microbiome links to mental health, which point to a possible future of manipulation of gut microbiota for better health. This review compiled existing literature on the relationship between depression and human gut microbiota.
Dual Agency Practices in Islamic Financial Institutions: A Fiqh Perspective
Authors: Shaharuddin Amir
Published: July 2020

Bay al-tawarruq is increasingly adopted by Malaysian Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in creating both deposit and financing products. The contract involves sequences of trading between three parties namely client, IFIs and brokers. However, in order to simply the operation and to minimize client’s involvement, the actual trading are conducted between IFI and brokers only. IFI will act on behalf of the client and execute all trading transactions. The practice triggers fiqh issue because the IFI (as agent of client) will sell and purchase commodity to himself. The present article discusses the issue by assessing Muslim jurists’ view pertaining to dual agency practices. The article adopts juristic analysis method in which classical and contemporary scholars arguments are analysed before a preferred opinion (tarjih) is concluded. Understanding the issue is vital to avoid misunderstanding about the legality of Islamic financial products particularly products that used the organized bay’ al-tawarruq as the underlying contract.
Predictive Direct Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicles Drives
Authors: Abdelfadil Reyad , Számel László
Published: July 2020

The electrical drive systems utilized in Electric Vehicles (EVs) applications must be reliable and high performance. To providing these specifications, it is essential to design high-efficiency electric motors and develop high-performance controllers. This study introduces direct torque control of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) for electric vehicle applications using Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique. The direct torque control using MPC is proposed to maintain the motor torque and motor speed to tracking desired signals with a satisfactory response. In this study, the MPC algorithm was programmed in C- language, and the simulation tests were performed using a non-linear model of 6/4 - 60 kW SRM that is fed with the symmetrical converter. The proposed controller was tested under different load conditions to verify the robustness of the controller, as well as at variable speeds to investigate the tracking performance. Thanks to the proposed method, the SRM torque ripples, stator copper losses, and average switching frequency of the power converter can reduce effectively due to applying a cost function that combines multiple objectives. The obtained outcomes show the effectiveness of the suggested approach compared to conventional direct torque control techniques.
A concept analysis of the bystander effect in road traffic injuries: A hybrid model
Authors: Sepahvand Elham , Khankeh Hamidreza , Hosseini Mohammadali , Akhabari Behnam
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThe bystander effect, or bystander apathy, occurs at the scene of road traffic accidents. It is a theory that states that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when there are other people present. This study aims to perform a concept analysis of the bystander effect at the scene of road traffic accidents in the Iranian context.MethodsA concept analysis was performed using a hybrid method recommended by Schwartz-Barcott in three phases: a theoretical analysis, field work and final analysis. In the theoretical phase, a literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Ovi and Iran-doc, with the relevant studies analysed. In the field work, interviews were carried out with eight medical emergency personnel followed by a qualitative content analysis of the transcriptions. In the last phase, the final analysis was performed to provide a clear definition of the concept.ResultsIn the theoretical phase related to the concept of the bystander effect, some characteristics, such as the presence of strangers, social influence, pluralistic ignorance, self-safety, victim’s unstable conditions, lack of awareness and presence of medical emergency personnel were identified. In the final analysis phase, a definition was achieved to be provided in the following sections, by integrating the two theoretical and field work phases. ConclusionThe results of this study could pave the way for future studies to further develop the concept of the bystander effect in different cultures and help develop a tool for the further assessment of this phenomenon.
Epistemologi Keilmuan Integratif-Interkonektif M. Amin Abdullah dan Resolusi Konflik
Authors: Sutarto Dendi
Published: July 2020

Abstract The interconnectivity paradigm, axiologically, wants to offer a new, more open, dialogue and dialogue view of the world of human beings and scientists, able to open dialogue and cooperation, be transparent, accountable to the public and forward-looking. While ontologically, the relationship between the various disciplines of science becomes more open and dialogue of scholarship derived from the texts (Hadlarah al-Nash), and the factual-historical-empirical scholarly culture, social sciences and the natural sciences (Hadlarah al-Ilm ) as well as ethical-philosophical science culture (Hadlarah al-Falsafah). This paper argues that the thought of M. Amin Abdullah contributed greatly to scholarship related to contemporary humanisties approaches, such as hermeneutics, contemporary linguistics, the natural sciences, by revealing the scientific treasures of Bayani, Burhani and Irfani in the Islamic cultural tradition. Both traditions are attempted to compare in matrices and then deliver on a choice of scientific formats that are integrative and interconnective and able to disperse the tensions of religious social conflict in multicultural societies. Keywords: M. Amin Abdullah, integrative-interconetive science, conflict resolution, epistimologi  Abstrak Paradigma interkoneksitas, secara aksiologi, ingin menawarkan pandangan dunia (word view) manusia beragama dan ilmuan yang baru, yang lebih terbuka, mampu membuka dialog dan kerjasama, transparan, dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara publik dan berpandangan ke depan. Sedangkan secara ontologis, hubungan antara berbagai disiplin keilmuan menjadi semakin terbuka dan mendialogkan keilmuan bersumber pada teks-teks (Hadlarah al-Nash), dan budaya keilmuan faktual-historis-empiris yakni ilmu-ilmu sosial dan ilmu-ilmu kealaman (Hadlarah al-Ilm) serta budaya keilmuan etis-fiosofis (Hadlarah al-Falsafah). Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa pemikiran M. Amin Abdullah berkontribusi besar bagi keilmuan terkait pendekatan humanisties-kontemporer, seperti hermeneutik, linguistis kontemporer, ilmu-ilmu kealaman, dengan mengungkap kembali kekuatan khazanah  keilmuan Bayani, Burhani dan Irfani dalam tradisi budaya Islam. Kedua tradisi tersebut dicoba dibandingkan dalam matrik dan kemudian mengantarkan pada suatu pilihan format keilmuan yang bersifat integratif dan interkonektif dan mampu meredahkan ketegangan konflik sosial keagamaan dalam masyarakat multikulturalisme. Keywords: M. Amin Abdullah, integratif-interkonetif keilmuan, resolusi konflik,epistimologi
PENGARUH KONFLIK INTERPERSONAL, BEBAN KERJA, DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP STRES KERJA KARYAWAN PT. VIKING ENGINEERING BATAM
Authors: Lestari Esther Endang Dwi , Ratnasari Sri Langgeng
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konflik interpersonal, beban kerja, dan komunikasi baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap stres­ kerja karyawan PT. Viking Engineering Batam. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 57 karyawan. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji t, uji F, dan uji R2. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu pengukuran data statistik obyektif dengan pengolahan data menggunakan ­software SPSS 20.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik interpersonal, beban kerja, dan komunikasi secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap stress kerja karyawan PT. Viking Engineering Batam, hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji F yang menunjukkan nilai signifikan 0,003 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa konflik interpersonal dan beban kerja secara parsial berpengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan, hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji t yang menunjukkan hasil nilai signifikan lebih dari 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,552 untuk variabel konflik interpersonal dan 0,590 untuk variabel beban kerja. Tetapi hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap stress kerja, hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji t yang menunjukkan  nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,002.
PERANAN CAMAT DALAM MEMBINA ADMINISTRASI PEMERINTAHAN DESA DI KECAMATAN BENAI KABUPATEN KUNTAN SINGINGI
Authors: Muharam Sahri , Andri Alsar , Harun Askarmin
Published: July 2020

Ketidakseriusan desa dalam pengadminsitrasian dapat dilihat pada tidak tertatanya buku administrasi secara baik, adanya sekretaris desa yang ditetapkan berstatus Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS atau sekarang lebih dekat dengan sebutan Aparatur Sipil Negara), adanya penempatan pendamping desa dan banyak di antara desa yang ingin mengubah statusnya ke kelurahan kesemuan ini dikarenakan berawal ketidakmapanan desa dalam pengadministrasian.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan camat dan faktor-faktor penghambat dalam membina administrasi Pemerintahan Desa di Kecamatan Benai Kabupaten Kuntan Singingi.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian survey dengan tingkat eksplanasi deskriftif dan menggunakan analisa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini melihat mengenai peranan camat yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Pemeritah Nomor 19 Tahun 2008 Tentang Kecamatan Pasal 15 Ayat 1 Butir F dan Ayat 2 Butir D yakni, membina atau pembinaa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa dan/ataukelurahan Demi efisiensi dan efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa.Dilihat dari hasil penelitian rekapan bahwasaannya camat kurang berperan dalam pembinaan yang terkhusus pada pembinaan administrasi yang berada pada kategori angka 43 %.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENGURANGAN SAMPAH DI KOTA BATAM TAHUN 2018
Authors: Solihin Muhammad , Mulda Rahmayandi
Published: July 2020

Pemilahan sampah tidak begitu masif dilakukan di Kota Batam. Sehingga memang dari sumber sampah kebanyakan sampah belum terpilah. Problem sampah di Kota Batam akan bertambah pelik jika tidak direncanakan dengan matang pengelolaanya khususnya dalam hal ini adalah pengurangan sampah. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi program pengurangan sampah di Kota Batam Tahun 2018 dan apa saja faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilannya. Tempat penelitian di kantor Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Batam Bidang Pengelolaan Sampah dan lokasi Mitra pengurangan sampah. Jenis penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisa deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan untuk penelitian wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik sample mengunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian, Pertama: Indikator input belum ada Peraturan turunan dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Kota Batam dan sumberdaya manusia dan organisasi unit pengeloaan bank sampah masih sangat minim. Kedua : Indikator output, tempat sampah di rumah-rumah (sumber sampah) masih terdiri dari satu jenis tempat sampah sehingga sampah memang tidak terpilah dari rumah. Adapun TPS3R dan Bank Sampah dinilai belum berjalan secara maksimal karena jumlah sangat sedikit sehingga pengurangan sampahnya juga tidak signifikan mengurangi sampah. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan umumnya terkendala oleh minimnya sumberdaya apalagi bagi pegelola TPS3R dan Bank Sampah tidak memiliki instentif tetap dari pemerintah.
THE PROVISION OF PASTURE LEGUMES FOR DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Burt R.L. , Forde M.B.
Published: July 2020

Early plant introduction in Australia and NZ involved familiar European species and simple general principles. 'First-generation' pasture cultivars in both countries were based on naturalized or cultivated material originally brought by colonists. Later, imported material was systematically used to improve these established varieties and produce 'second-generation' cultivars more closely adapted to local ecological conditions and agronomic systems. This simple approach proved inadequate for new and difficult environments which required different types of plant, and new species were sometimes tried and discarded prematurely because their potential was not fully displayed in the limited material initially available. Experience with Sfylosanthes in Australia shows that full suites of germplasm are necessary to evaluate a new species properly, and that such material should be deliberately and systematically collected from areas of similar or more extreme climate, particular attention being paid to edaphic characteristics. To obtain suitable legumes for the cold dry high country of the South Island collections from homologous regions in places such as Chile, Argentina, Kashmir, and the USSR may be useful. Keywords: plant introduction, Stylosanthes, Lotus, South America, Australia, New Zealand
BULL BEEF PRODUCTION: THE 'TUAPAKA' EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mcrae A.F.
Published: July 2020

A bull-beef system based on buying 8 week old replacement calves and selling bulls at 15-20 months of age was set up prior to the winter of 1983. A commercial venture, it was set up to provide information on calf-to-20-month bull beef systems. Average carcass weights (CW) at slaughter have been 212 kg, 231 kg, 237 kg and 208 kg for the four seasons reported. The margin per ha (sales less replacement costs) in each of those years has been $798, $1380, $875, and $720 respectively. Data collected regularly on average pasture cover and animal livewetght are used to allow management to respond appropriately lo climatic variability, especially through the autumn and winter, and ensure that liveweight (LW) targets are met before summer dry spells. Keywords: pasture cover, target liveweights, profitability
ESTIMATION OF HERBAGE MASS IN RYEGRASS/WHITE CLOVER DAIRY PASTURES
Authors: L'Huillier P.J. , Thomson N.A.
Published: July 2020

The pasture probe, rising plate meter (RPM), ward height and visual assessment methods were compared for the estimation of the herbage mass of dairy pastures. The pasture probe and calibrated visual assessment were slightly more accurate than others. Visual assessment without calibration was less accurate than all other methods. There was little difference between operators of the pasture probe and RPM, but operator variation was large with visual assessment. Variation between calibrations from different days, seasons, and sites was large. Only dead material content was identified to influence this variation. Pooling of calibrations, double sampling procedures, and derivation of different calibration slopes for each day from an equation fitted to calibration data are procedures discussed for the estimation of herbage mass by farmers, advisors and researchers. Wide adoption of methods such as the pasture probe or RPM with "universal" calibrations could reduce inconsistent advice offered to farmers, and can be used with confidence. Keywords: capacitance probe, rising plate meter, visual assessment, ward height, grassland management, pasture composition, pasture assessment.