bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Aortic and Iliac Artery Compression Following Penetrating Trauma: A Study of Feasibility
Authors: Douma Matthew , Brindley Peter George
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Penetrating junctional trauma is a leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. Similarly challenging in civilian settings, exsanguination from the vessels of the abdomen, pelvis, and groin can occur in moments. Therefore, iliac artery or abdominal aortic compression has been recommended. Based on prior research, 120 lbs (54 kg) or 140 lbs (63 kg) of compression may be required to occlude these vessels, respectively. Whether most rescuers can generate this amount of compression is unknown.

Objective

To determine how many people in a convenience sample of 44 health care professionals can compress 120 lbs and 140 lbs.

Methods

This study simulated aortic and iliac artery compression. Consent was obtained from 44 clinicians (27 female; 17 male) from two large urban hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Participants compressed the abdominal model, which consisted of a medical scale and a 250 ml bag of saline, covered by a folded hospital blanket and placed on the ground. In random order, participants compressed a force they believed maintainable for 20 minutes (“maintainable effort”) and then a maximum force they could maintain for two minutes (“maximum effort”). Compression was also performed with a knee. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data.

Results

Compression was directly proportional to the clinician's body weight. Participants compressed a mean of 55% of their body weight with two hands at a maintainable effort, and 69% at a maximum effort. At maintainable manual effort, participants compressed a mean of 86 lbs (39 kg). Sixteen percent could compress over 120 lbs, but none over 140 lbs. At maximum effort, participants compressed a mean of 108 lbs (48 kg). Thirty-four percent could compress greater than 120 lbs and 11% could compress greater than 140 lbs. Using a single knee, participants compressed a mean weight of 80% of their body weight with no difference between maintainable and maximum effort.

Conclusion

This work suggests that bimanual compression following penetrating junctional trauma is feasible. However, it is difficult, and is not likely achievable or sustainable by a majority of rescuers. Manual compression (used to temporize until device application and operative rescue) requires a large body mass. To maintain 140 lbs of compression (for example during a lengthy transport), participants needed to weigh 255 lbs (115 kg). Alternatively, they needed to weigh 203 lbs (92 kg) to be successful during brief periods. Knee compression may be preferable, especially for lower-weight rescuers.

DoumaM, BrindleyPG. Abdominal aortic and iliac artery compression following penetrating trauma: a study of feasibility. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-4.
A NOTE ON INCREASING HAZARD FUNCTIONS AND THE MONETARY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM
Authors: Yao Fang
Published: June 2014

This note studies the implications of the price reset hazard function for the monetary transmission mechanism of sticky price models. I first document some general analytical results that highlight the central role of the price (accumulative) distribution in linking the hazard function and the impulse response function. I find that nominal rigidity underlying increasing hazard functions is more successful than real rigidity in replicating realistic macro persistence. In addition, numerical simulations show that the interaction between the increasing hazard function and the real rigidity provides a powerful propagation mechanism for monetary shocks.
Telephonic advance care planning facilitated by health plan case managers
Authors: Boettcher Iris , Turner Rozanne , Briggs Linda
Published: June 2014

Objective:

The insurance plan case managers (CMs) of Priority Health, part of a regional healthcare system located in Michigan, work telephonically with frail patients who have multiple comorbidities. However, these CMs have lacked facilitation skills for advance care planning (ACP) discussions in this vulnerable population. In 2012, the findings of a six-month pilot study of telephonic ACP (TACP) with some of the plan's Medicare population were implemented with Medicare members under case management.

Method:

Case mangers were trained and certified by Respecting Choices® to introduce and facilitate ACP discussions telephonically utilizing both First Steps and Last Steps protocols. The CMs identified appropriate patients using hospitalization and emergency room utilization data, severity of illness, and diagnostic criteria. The primary goal was to complete both the ACP discussion and the documentation for each protocol on identified patients. They also attempted to schedule facilitated conversations with the patients' healthcare advocates present.

Results:

During a 12-month period, 576 health plan members were offered First Steps discussions, with 198 interested in engaging in further ACP. Some 152 members were identified for Last Steps TACP using established criteria; discussions occurred with 56 members. TACP implementation resulted in 55 new or updated First Steps documents and 4 Last Steps documents. A total of 50 discussions included the designated healthcare advocate.

Significance of results:

Following TACP implementation with the Medicare CM team and evaluation of the results, processes and methods were instituted to increase engagement and completion of discussions and documents. These included enhancements to the electronic assessment and ongoing support of the CM team to increase the engagement of patients and advocates. Dissemination of the project to the entire Medicare CM team demonstrated opportunities and lessons learned for facilitated TACP discussions. The TACP model has the potential to be successfully utilized by other health insurance companies.
Auswirkungen einer Tanz- und Kraft-Ausdauer-Intervention auf kognitive Fähigkeiten älterer Menschen
Authors: Rehfeld Kathrin , Hökelmann Anita , Lehmann Wolfgang , Blaser Peter
Published: June 2014

Mentale und körperliche Gesundheit sind eng verbunden mit einem erfolgreichen Altern. Diese Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen eines Tanztrainings im Vergleich zu einem Kraft-/Ausdauertraining sowie der Kombination beider auf die fluide Intelligenz, die allgemeine Intelligenz und das Arbeitsgedächtnis älterer Menschen (M=68 ± 4.16 Jahre). 95 Senioren wurden in folgenden Gruppen randomisiert: 1. Tanz, 2. Sport, 3. Tanz und Sport. Die Gruppe Tanz und die Gruppe Sport trainierten 90 Minuten, die Gruppe Tanz und Sport 180 Minuten für 15 Monate. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Leistungssteigerungen in allen gemessenen Merkmalen in den drei Gruppen. Post Hoc Vergleiche verdeutlichen, dass sich die Leistungssteigerungen zwischen den Gruppen signifikant nicht unterscheiden. Körperliche Bewegung jeglicher Art trägt zum erfolgreichen Altern bei.
The Draw-A-Person Test and Body Image
Authors: Handelzalts Jonathan E. , Ben-Artzy-Cohen Yael
Published: June 2014

The Draw-A-Person (DAP) test has been the center of a long-lasting debate regarding its validity. This study investigated the DAP indices of height, width (size), and inclusion/omission of details and their relation to body image as measured by a self-report scale (Gray’s body image scale) and manifested by the diet behaviors and body mass index of 55 healthy female students. Although the drawings of the diet group were smaller, there was no significant relationship between figure size and diet behaviors. However, body image as measured by a self-report scale did result in significant differences between groups. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the size of the figure drawn and body image as measured by a self-report scale (larger figures correlated with better body image). No significant results were found for the omission/inclusion indices of the DAP. These results are discussed in light of previous findings regarding the DAP.
Creativity and Emotional Distress on the Rorschach Test
Authors: Schwartz Hadas , Canetti Laura
Published: June 2014

While the relationship between creativity and emotional distress has been extensively reviewed, little research has been done on creativity as demonstrated in the Rorschach test. Forty participants were administered the Rorschach as well as the Remote Associates Test (RAT) of verbal creativity. A significant correlation was found between the RAT and the following Rorschach variables: FQminus, (H)+(Hd), M none, MOR, and DEPI. The present findings call for caution when attributing emotional distress on the basis of Rorschach measures, since these measures are also indicative of the individual’s creative strengths. These results concur with recent literature that found a connection between emotional distress and creativity.
HIV‐specific antibody‐dependent phagocytosis matures during HIV infection
Authors: Ana‐Sosa‐Batiz Fernanda , Johnston Angus P R , Liu Haiyin , Center Robert J , Rerks‐Ngarm Supachai , Pitisuttithum Punnee , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Kim Jerome H , Michael Nelson L , Kelleher Anthony D , Stratov Ivan , Kent Stephen J , Kramski Marit
Published: June 2014

Antibody‐dependent phagocytosis (ADP) is a potentially important immune mechanism to clear HIV. How HIV‐specific ADP responses mature during HIV infection or in response to vaccinations administered, including the partially successful RV144 HIV vaccine, is not known. We established a modified ADP assay to measure internalisation of HIV antibody (Ab)‐opsonised targets using a specific hybridisation internalisation probe. Labelled beads were coated with both biotinylated HIV gp140 envelope protein and a fluorescent internalisation probe, opsonised with Abs and incubated with a monocytic cell line. The fluorescence derived from the fluorescent internalisation probe on surface‐bound beads, but not from internalised beads, was quenched by the addition of a complementary quencher probe. HIV Env‐specific ADP was measured in 31 subjects during primary infection and early chronic HIV infection. Although ADP responses were present early during HIV infection, a significant increase in ADP responses in all 31 subjects studied was detected (P<0.001). However, when we tested 30 HIV‐negative human subjects immunised with the Canarypox/gp120 vaccine regimen (subjects from the RV144 trial) we did not detect HIV‐specific ADP activity. In conclusion, a modified assay was developed to measure HIV‐specific ADP. Enhanced ADP responses early in the course of HIV infection were observed but no ADP activity was detected following the vaccinations administered in the RV144 trial. Improved vaccine regimens may be needed to capitalise on ADP‐mediated immunity against HIV.
Cutting-Edge Analysis of Extracellular Microparticles using ImageStreamX Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Headland Sarah E. , Jones Hefin R. , D'Sa Adelina S. V. , Perretti Mauro , Norling Lucy V.
Published: June 2014

Interest in extracellular vesicle biology has exploded in the past decade, since these microstructures seem endowed with multiple roles, from blood coagulation to inter-cellular communication in pathophysiology. In order for microparticle research to evolve as a preclinical and clinical tool, accurate quantification of microparticle levels is a fundamental requirement, but their size and the complexity of sample fluids present major technical challenges. Flow cytometry is commonly used, but suffers from low sensitivity and accuracy. Use of Amnis ImageStreamX Mk II imaging flow cytometer afforded accurate analysis of calibration beads ranging from 1 μm to 20 nm; and microparticles, which could be observed and quantified in whole blood, platelet-rich and platelet-free plasma and in leukocyte supernatants. Another advantage was the minimal sample preparation and volume required. Use of this high throughput analyzer allowed simultaneous phenotypic definition of the parent cells and offspring microparticles along with real time microparticle generation kinetics. With the current paucity of reliable techniques for the analysis of microparticles, we propose that the ImageStreamX could be used effectively to advance this scientific field.
A novel proteasome inhibitor suppresses tumor growth via targeting both 19S proteasome deubiquitinases and 20S proteolytic peptidases
Authors: Liu Ningning , Liu Chunjiao , Li Xiaofen , Liao Siyan , Song Wenbin , Yang Changshan , Zhao Chong , Huang Hongbiao , Guan Lixia , Zhang Peiquan , Liu Shouting , Hua Xianliang , Chen Xin , Zhou Ping , Lan Xiaoying , Yi Songgang , Wang Shunqing , Wang Xuejun , Dou Q. Ping , Liu Jinbao
Published: June 2014

The successful development of bortezomib-based therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma has established proteasome inhibition as an effective therapeutic strategy and both 20S proteasome peptidases and 19S deubiquitinases (DUBs) are becoming attractive targets of cancer therapy. It has been reported that metal complexes, such as copper complexes, inhibit tumor proteasome. However, the involved mechanism of action has not been fully characterized. Here we report that (i) copper pyrithione (CuPT), an alternative to tributyltin for antifouling paint biocides, inhibits the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) via targeting both 19S proteasome-specific DUBs and 20S proteolytic peptidases with a mechanism distinct from that of the FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib; (ii) CuPT potently inhibits proteasome-specific UCHL5 and USP14 activities; (iii) CuPT inhibits tumor growth in vivo and induces cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. This study uncovers a novel class of dual inhibitors of DUBs and proteasome and suggests a potential clinical strategy for cancer therapy.
Amphiphilic phthalocyanine–cyclodextrin conjugates for cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Pereira Patrícia M. R. , Maciel Elisabete , Válega Mónica , Domingues Fernando M. J. , Domingues Maria R. M. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Fernandes Rosa , Tomé João P. C.
Published: June 2014

Three phthalocyanines (Pcs) conjugated with α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) were prepared and their application as photosensitizer (PS) agents was evaluated.
Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on deep eutectic solvent (DES) surfaces
Authors: Raghuwanshi V. S. , Ochmann M. , Polzer F. , Hoell A. , Rademann K.
Published: June 2014

Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles in 1st and 2nd shell ordering is observed in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) by SAXS investigations.
The effect of π-conjugation in the macrocyclic ring on the photophysical properties of a series of thiaaceneporphyrinoids
Authors: Sung Young Mo , Szyszko Bartosz , Myśliborski Radomir , Stępień Marcin , Oh Juwon , Son Minjung , Latos-Grażyński Lechosław , Kim Dongho
Published: June 2014

In a series of thiaaceneporphyrinoids, their conformers exhibit macrocyclic π-conjugation pathways controlled by a dihedral angle between the porphyrin framework and acene planes.
Unusual hydrogen bond patterns contributing to supramolecular assembly: conformational study, Hirshfeld surface analysis and density functional calculations of a new steroid derivative
Authors: Ruiz Alberto , Pérez Hiram , Morera-Boado Cercis , Almagro Luis , da Silva Cecilia C. P. , Ellena Javier , García de la Vega José M. , Martínez-Álvarez Roberto , Suárez Margarita , Martín Nazario
Published: June 2014

Structural and conformational study of a new steroid derivative using X-ray and density functional calculations.
Storylines in intercalation chemistry
Authors: Lerf A.
Published: June 2014

Intercalation chemistry taking into account the interstratification and disorder phenomena is a valuable preparative tool for the design of artificial layered artificial nanostructures.
A facile synthetic route to convert Tb(iii) complexes of novel tetra-1,3-diketone calix[4]resorcinarene into hydrophilic luminescent colloids
Authors: Shamsutdinova Nataliya A. , Podyachev Sergey N. , Sudakova Svetlana N. , Mustafina Asiya R. , Zairov Rustem R. , Burilov Vladimir A. , Nizameev Irek R. , Rizvanov Ildar Kh. , Syakaev Victor V. , Gabidullin Bulat M. , Katsuba Sergey A. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Safiullin Georgy M. , Dehaen Wim
Published: June 2014

Luminescent hydrophilic core–shell nanoparticles are synthesized through reprecipitation and polyelectrolyte deposition techniques from Tb(iii) complexes.
Stable anatase TiO2 formed by calcination of rice-like titania nanorod at 800 °C exhibits high photocatalytic activity
Authors: Grover Inderpreet Singh , Singh Satnam , Pal Bonamali
Published: June 2014

This paper demonstrates the complete retention (>98%) of anatase TiO2 crystalline phase after high temperature (800 °C) thermal treatment of rice-like TiO2 nanorods (length = 81–134 nm, diameter = 8–13 nm) relative to 100% conversion of the rutile phase after calcination of P25-TiO2 under similar conditions.
Band alignment and Schottky behaviour of InN/GaN heterostructure grown by low-temperature low-energy nitrogen ion bombardment
Authors: TC Shibin Krishna , Gupta Govind
Published: June 2014

InN/GaN heterostructure based Schottky diodes are fabricated by low energetic nitrogen ions at 300 °C.
Non-covalent modification of thrombolytic agent nattokinase: simultaneous improvement of fibrinolysis activity and enzymatic stability
Authors: Chen Chen , Duan Haogang , Gao Chunmei , Liu Mingzhu , Wu Xin'an , Wei Yuhui , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Zhen
Published: June 2014

Folic acid modified chitosan (CS-FA) was synthesized and applied to modify Nattokinase (NK), a thrombolytic agent, for better fibrinolysis activity and stability. It provides great opportunities in curing cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of death globally.
Construction of multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid Bi2S3–PLGA capsules for highly efficient ultrasound-guided radiosensitization of brachytherapy
Authors: Huang Yan , Ma Ming , Chen Songwang , Dai Jie , Chen Fei , Wang Zizheng
Published: June 2014

A novel multifunctional Bi2S3–PLGA capsule has been designed and synthesized for significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of cancer brachytherapy.
Convenient one-pot multicomponent strategy for the synthesis of 6-pyrrolylpyrimidines
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Pandi , Shanmugam Sivakumar
Published: June 2014

An easy method to construct diheteroaryls from α-aroylidineketene dithioacetals 2 in a multicomponent fashion. The reaction proceeds with high chemo/regioselectivity to give 4-alkoxy-6-(4-aryl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines in high yields by reacting 2 with p-tolylsulfonyl)methyl isocyanide 3 (TosMIC), guanidine nitrate 5 and alcohol in the presence of NaH/THF via cycloaddition.
Simple procedure for vacant POM-stabilized palladium (0) nanoparticles in water: structural and dispersive effects of lacunary polyoxometalates
Authors: Villanneau R. , Roucoux A. , Beaunier P. , Brouri D. , Proust A.
Published: June 2014

Metallic palladium nanoparticles have been generated by hydrogenation in very mild conditions of aqueous solutions of non-organometallic PdII-derivatives of heteropolytungstates.
A monovacant heteropolytungstate-incorporated trimeric carbonyl rhenium cluster, [(AsW11O39){Re(CO)3}3(μ3-OH)(μ2-OH)]6−: synthesis, structure and catalytic properties
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Zhang Dongdi , Huo Zhiyuan , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: June 2014

The novel undecatungstoarsenate-supported carbonyl rhenium derivative exhibits prominent catalytic activity and high selectivity in the cycloaddition of epoxides.
Controllable growth of high-quality metal oxide/conducting polymer hierarchical nanoarrays with outstanding electrochromic properties and solar-heat shielding ability
Authors: Ma Dongyun , Shi Guoying , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang
Published: June 2014

High-quality metal oxide/conducting polymer hierarchical nanoarrays with excellent electrochromic performances and solar-heat shielding ability are prepared using a powerful solution-based method.
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of graphene-like ZnO monolayer upon doping and CO adsorption: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Yong-Hui , Zhang Mei-Ling , Zhou Ye-Cheng , Zhao Ji-Hong , Fang Shao-Ming , Li Feng
Published: June 2014

The electronic and magnetic properties of graphene-like ZnO monolayer could be effectively tuned by introducing dopants or CO molecule adsorption.
Identification of protein succination as a novel modification of tubulin
Authors: Piroli Gerardo G. , Manuel Allison M. , Walla Michael D. , Jepson Matthew J. , Brock Jonathan W. C. , Rajesh Mathur P. , Tanis Ross M. , Cotham William E. , Frizzell Norma
Published: June 2014

Protein succination is a stable post-translational modification that occurs when fumarate reacts with cysteine residues to generate 2SC [S-(2-succino)cysteine]. We demonstrate that both α- and β-tubulin are increasingly modified by succination in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in the adipose tissue of db/db mice. Incubation of purified tubulin from porcine brain with fumarate (50 mM) or the pharmacological compound DMF (dimethylfumarate, 500 μM) inhibited polymerization up to 35% and 59% respectively. Using MS we identified Cys347α, Cys376α, Cys12β and Cys303β as sites of succination in porcine brain tubulin and the relative abundance of succination at these cysteine residues increased in association with fumarate concentration. The increase in succination after incubation with fumarate altered tubulin recognition by an anti-α-tubulin antibody. Succinated tubulin in adipocytes cultured in high glucose compared with normal glucose also had reduced reactivity with the anti-α-tubulin antibody; suggesting that succination may interfere with tubulin–protein interactions. DMF reacted rapidly with 11 of the 20 cysteine residues in the αβ-tubulin dimer, decreased the number of free thiols and inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Our data suggest that inhibition of tubulin polymerization is an important undocumented mechanism of action of DMF. Taken together, our results demonstrate that succination is a novel post-translational modification of tubulin and suggest that extensive modification by fumarate, either physiologically or pharmacologically, may alter microtubule dynamics.
FAD binding, cobinamide binding and active site communication in the corrin reductase (CobR)
Authors: Lawrence Andrew D. , Taylor Samantha L. , Scott Alan , Rowe Michelle L. , Johnson Christopher M. , Rigby Stephen E. J. , Geeves Michael A. , Pickersgill Richard W. , Howard Mark J. , Warren Martin J.
Published: June 2014

Adenosylcobalamin, the coenzyme form of vitamin B12, is one Nature's most complex coenzyme whose de novo biogenesis proceeds along either an anaerobic or aerobic metabolic pathway. The aerobic synthesis involves reduction of the centrally chelated cobalt metal ion of the corrin ring from Co(II) to Co(I) before adenosylation can take place. A corrin reductase (CobR) enzyme has been identified as the likely agent to catalyse this reduction of the metal ion. Herein, we reveal how Brucella melitensis CobR binds its coenzyme FAD (flavin dinucleotide) and we also show that the enzyme can bind a corrin substrate consistent with its role in reduction of the cobalt of the corrin ring. Stopped-flow kinetics and EPR reveal a mechanistic asymmetry in CobR dimer that provides a potential link between the two electron reduction by NADH to the single electron reduction of Co(II) to Co(I).
European Clinical Specialization in Fluency Disorders (ECSF): Participants Review the First Four Years
Authors: Leahy Margaret , Agius Joseph , Hylebos Carl , De Nil Luc , Eggers Kurt
Published: June 2014

Background: The European Clinical Specialization in Fluency Disorders (ECSF) is a 1-year postgraduate course for speech and language therapists (known as speech-language pathologists in the United States). The program was developed by a consortium whose members are specialists in fluency disorders from European universities/colleges. The consortium expanded to include other EU college members and specialists from EU centers of clinical excellence.

Purpose: This paper presents an evaluative review by students and teachers who have participated in the initial 4 years of ECSF courses.

Methodology: Two mixed methods online survey questionnaire were used, one for each group (student course participants and consortium members, designated as teachers throughout the paper) with quantitative, comparative data gathering, along with elements of qualitative data emerging from invited comments, and from open-ended questions.

Results: High and relatively high levels of satisfaction were expressed by all participants regarding the overall experience of ECSF. There was a wider range of satisfaction expressed by student participants regarding aspects of course content and experience of clinical work. Participants' responses providing qualitative data indicate major influences of the ECSF on professional development, and strong appreciation of participation in ECSF.
Stuttering Attitudes Research Symposium: Reflecting on a Landmark Event
Authors: Louis Kenneth O. St. , Weidner Mary E. , Gabel Rodney M. , Hughes Stephanie , Coleman Craig E.
Published: June 2014

The first ever symposium devoted entirely to the study of attitudes toward stuttering was held September 4–7, 2013 in Morgantown, WV. Identified as the “Stuttering Attitudes Research Symposium,” the event brought together scientists, clinicians, and stakeholders to document the current state of the art and science in all the areas of inquiry related to this topic. The symposium drew leading experts in stuttering attitudes worldwide, in addition to local clinicians and students.
Early Intervention for Stuttering: Similarities and Differences Between Two Programs
Authors: Boucand Veronique Aumont , Millard Sharon , Packman Ann
Published: June 2014

In this paper, two proponents of different approaches to early stuttering discuss how they would manage a hypothetical case of stuttering in a preschool-age girl. Two evidence-based approaches are discussed: Palin Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and the Lidcombe Program. This paper arose from an oral discussion session held at the International Fluency Association Conference in Tours, France in 2012.
Broadband, non‐destructive characterisation of PEC‐backed materials using a dual‐ridged‐waveguide probe
Authors: Hyde Milo W. , Havrilla Michael J.
Published: June 2014

A new probe which utilises a dual‐ridged waveguide to provide broadband, non‐destructive (ND) material characterisation measurements of a perfect electric conductor (PEC)‐backed material is introduced. The new probe possesses a bandwidth similar to existing coaxial probes and is structurally robust like rectangular waveguide probes. The combinations of these two qualities make it especially attractive for ND inspection/evaluation applications in the field. The theoretical development of the dual‐ridged‐waveguide probe is discussed. A magnetic field integral equation is derived by applying Love's equivalence theorem and enforcing the continuity of transverse fields at the dual‐ridged‐waveguide aperture. The magnetic field integral equation is then solved for the theoretical reflection coefficient using the method of moments. The permittivity and permeability of the material under test are found by minimising the root‐mean‐square difference between the theoretical and measured reflection coefficients using non‐linear least squares. To validate the new probe, experimental results are presented of a magnetic absorbing material comparing results obtained using the new probe with those obtained using a traditional, destructive technique. The probe's sensitivity to sample thickness, flange‐plate thickness, cutoff wavenumber and measured S‐parameter uncertainties is also investigated.
Rolling element bearing fault diagnosis based on non‐local means de‐noising and empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Van Mien , Kang Hee‐Jun , Shin Kyoo‐Sik
Published: June 2014

The presence of faults in the bearings of rotating machinery is usually observed with impulses in the vibration signals. However, the vibration signals are generally non‐stationary and usually contaminated by noise because of the compounded background noise present in the measuring device and the effect of interference from other machine elements. Therefore in order to enhance monitoring condition, the vibration signal needs to be properly de‐noised before analysis. In this study, a novel fault diagnosis method for rolling element bearings is proposed based on a hybrid technique of non‐local means (NLM) de‐noising and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). An NLM which removes the noise with minimal signal distortion is first employed to eliminate or at least reduce the background noise present in the measuring device. This de‐noised signal is then decomposed into a finite number of stationary intrinsic mode functions (IMF) to extract the impulsive fault features from the effect of interferences from other machine elements. Finally, envelope analyses are performed for IMFs to allow for easier detection of such characteristic fault frequencies. The results of simulated and real bearing vibration signal analyses show that the hybrid feature extraction technique of NLM de‐noising, EMD and envelope analyses successfully extract impulsive features from noise signals.
Iterative Transport-Diffusion Methodology For LWR Core Analysis
Authors: Colameco David , Ivanov Boyan D. , Beacon Daniel , Ivanov Kostadin N.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an update on the development of an advanced methodology for core calculations that uses local heterogeneous solutions for on-the-fly nodal cross-section generation. The Iterative Transport-Diffusion Method is an embedded transport approach that is expected to provide results with near 3D transport accuracy for a fraction of the time required by a full 3D transport method. In this methodology, the infinite environment used for homogenized nodal cross-section generation is replaced with a simulated 3D environment of the diffusion calculation. This update focuses on burnup methodology, axial leakage and 3D modeling.
Numerical study on temperature distribution around a boiling bubble departing from heating surface in subcooled pool
Authors: Ose Yasuo , Kunugi Tomoaki
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the transient three-dimensional numerical simulations based on the MARS (Multi-interface Advection and Reconstruction Solver) with the non-empirical boiling and condensation model have been conducted for an isolated boiling bubble behavior in a subcooled pool. The temperature distributions formed around the subcooled pool boiling bubble departing from a heating surface obtained by the numerical simulations were investigated. As the results, it was found that several thermal plumes with different temperature were formed during the bubble departure from the heating surface by using the volume rendering visualization technique.
Lattice-adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo (LA-KMC) for simulating solute segregation/depletion at interfaces
Authors: Castin N. , Fernandez J.R. , Terentyev D. , Malerba L. , Pasianot R.C.
Published: June 2014

We propose a novel approach for simulating, with atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo, the segregation or depletion of solute atoms at interfaces, via transport by vacancies. Differently from classical lattice KMC, no assumption is made regarding the crystallographic structure. The model can thus potentially be applied to any type of interfaces, e.g. grain boundaries. Fully off-lattice KMC models were already proposed in the literature, but are rather demanding in CPU time, mainly because of the necessity to perform static relaxation several times at every step of the simulation, and to calculate migration energies between different metastable states. In our LA-KMC model, we aim at performing static relaxation only once per step at the most, and define possible transitions to other metastable states following a generic predefined procedure. The corresponding migration energies can then be calculated using artificial neural networks, trained to predict them as a function of a full description of the local atomic environment, in term of both the exact location in space of atoms and in term of their chemical nature. Our model is thus a compromise between fully off-lattice and fully on-lattice models: (a) The description of the system is not bound to strict assumptions, but is readapted automatically performing the minimum required amount of static relaxation; (b) The procedure to define transition events is not guaranteed to find all important transitions, and is thereby potentially disregarding some mechanisms of system evolution. This shortcoming is in fact classical to non-fully off-lattice models, but is in our case limited thanks to the application of relaxation at every step; (c) Computing time is largely reduced thanks to the use of neural network to calculate the migration energies. In this presentation, we show the premises of this novel approach, in the case of grain-boundaries for bcc Fe-Cr alloys.
Incorporation of the statistical multi-fragmentation model in PHITS and its application for simulation of fragmentation by heavy ions and protons
Authors: Ogawa Tatsuhiko , Sato Tatsuhiko , Hashimoto Shintaro , Niita Koji
Published: June 2014

The fragmentation reactions of relativistic-energy nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions were simulated using the Statistical Multi-fragmentation Model (SMM) incorporated with the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The comparisons of calculated cross-sections with literature data showed that PHITS-SMM predicts the fragmentation cross-sections of heavy nuclei up to two orders of magnitude more accurately than PHITS for heavy-ion-induced reactions. For proton-induced reactions, noticeable improvements are observed for interactions of the heavy target with protons at an energy greater than 1 GeV. Therefore, consideration for multi-fragmentation reactions is necessary for the accurate simulation of energetic fragmentation reactions of heavy nuclei.
Photons Revisited
Authors: Batic Matej , Begalli Marcia , Cheol Han Min , Hauf Steffen , Hoff Gabriela , Hyeong Kim Chan , Sung Kim Han , Grazia Pia Maria , Saracco Paolo , Weidenspointner Georg
Published: June 2014

A systematic review of methods and data for the Monte Carlo simulation of photon interactions is in progress: it concerns a wide set of theoretical modeling approaches and data libraries available for this purpose. Models and data libraries are assessed quantitatively with respect to an extensive collection of experimental measurements documented in the literature to determine their accuracy; this evaluation exploits rigorous statistical analysis methods. The computational performance of the associated modeling algorithms is evaluated as well. An overview of the assessment of photon interaction models and results of the experimental validation are presented.
Shape optimization of a sodium cooled fast reactor
Authors: Schmitt Damien , Allaire Grégoire , Pantz Olivier , Pozin Nicolas
Published: June 2014

Traditional designs of sodium cooled fast reactors have a positive sodium expansion feedback. During a loss of flow transient without scram, sodium heating and boiling thus insert a positive reactivity and prevents the power from decreasing. Recent studies led at CEA, AREVA and EDF show that cores with complex geometries can feature a very low or even a negative sodium void worth.(1, 2) Usual optimization methods for core conception are based on a parametric description of a given core design(3).(4) New core concepts and shapes can then only be found by hand. Shape optimization methods have proven very efficient in the conception of optimal structures under thermal or mechanical constraints.(5, 6) First studies show that these methods could be applied to sodium cooled core conception.(7) In this paper, a shape optimization method is applied to the conception of a sodium cooled fast reactor core with low sodium void worth. An objective function to be minimized is defined. It includes the reactivity change induced by a 1% sodium density decrease. The optimization variable is a displacement field changing the core geometry from one shape to another. Additionally, a parametric optimization of the plutonium content distribution of the core is made, so as to ensure that the core is kept critical, and that the power shape is flat enough. The final shape obtained must then be adjusted to a get realistic core layout. Its caracteristics can be checked with reference neutronic codes such as ERANOS. Thanks to this method, new shapes of reactor cores could be inferred, and lead to new design ideas.
NOKIN1D: one-dimensional neutron kinetics based on a nodal collocation method
Authors: Verdú G. , Ginestar D. , Miró R. , Jambrina A. , Barrachina T. , Soler Amparo , Concejal Alberto
Published: June 2014

The TRAC-BF1 one-dimensional kinetic model is a formulation of the neutron diffusion equation in the two energy groups’ approximation, based on the analytical nodal method (ANM). The advantage compared with a zero-dimensional kinetic model is that the axial power profile may vary with time due to thermal-hydraulic parameter changes and/or actions of the control systems but at has the disadvantages that in unusual situations it fails to converge.

The nodal collocation method developed for the neutron diffusion equation and applied to the kinetics resolution of TRAC-BF1 thermal-hydraulics, is an adaptation of the traditional collocation methods for the discretization of partial differential equations, based on the development of the solution as a linear combination of analytical functions. It has chosen to use a nodal collocation method based on a development of Legendre polynomials of neutron fluxes in each cell.

The qualification is carried out by the analysis of the turbine trip transient from the NEA benchmark in Peach Bottom NPP using both the original 1D kinetics implemented in TRAC-BF1 and the 1D nodal collocation method.
Numerical Simulation of 3D particulate flow by Coupling Multi-Fluid Model with Discrete Element Method
Authors: Guo Liancheng , Morita Koji , Tagami Hirotaka , Tobita Yoshiharu
Published: June 2014

The postulated core disruptive accidents (CDAs) are regarded as particular difficulties in the safety analysis of liquid-metal fast reactors (LMFRs). In CDAs, the motions and interactions of solid particles, such as refrozen fuels, disrupted pellets, etc., not only dominate fundamental behaviors of multiphase flows, but also drastically influence the process of CDAs. The fast reactor safety analysis code, SIMMER-IV, which is a 3D, multi-velocity-field, multiphase, multicomponent, Eulerian, fluid dynamics code coupled with a fuel-pin model and a space- and energy-dependent neutron kinetics model, was successfully applied to a series of CDA assessments. However, strong interactions among solid particles as well as particle characteristics in multiphase flows with rich solid particles were not taken into consideration for fluid-dynamics models of SIMMER-IV. In this article, a hybrid method for multiphase flow analysis is developed by coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with the multi-fluid model of SIMMER-IV. In the coupling algorithm, motions of liquid and gas phases are solved by a time-factorization (time-splitting) method. For the solid phases, contacts among particles and interactions with fluid phases are considered through DEM. Numerical simulations of dam-break behavior with rich solid particles show reasonable agreements with corresponding experimental results. It is expected that SIMMER-IV coupled with DEM could provide a promising and useful computational tool for complicated multiphase-flow phenomena with high concentration of solid particles.
Development and first application of a new tool for the simulation of the initiating phase of a severe accident on SFR
Authors: Guyot M. , Gubernatis P. , Suteau C.
Published: June 2014

In order to improve the safety level of Sodium Fast Reactors, low probability events such as Hypothetical Core Disruptive Accident (HCDA) are analyzed for their potential consequences. The initiating phase of such accidents is of particular interest both for the prevention and the mitigation of routes leading to a large core disruption and recriticalities. Up to now, analysis of the initiating phase of HCDA has been performed with the SAS4A code. The SAS4A accident calculations are based on a multiple-channel approach, which requires that subassemblies or groups of similar subassemblies be represented together as independent channels. The SAS4A severe accident calculation scheme resorts to a simplified treatment in which an average pin is used to represent a channel. A point kinetics model coupled with a feedback reactivity model is also used to provide an estimate of the reactor power level. Both to increase the accuracy and decrease the uncertainties in the prediction of reactor safety margins, a new computational tool is currently under development at CEA Cadarache. The main features of this tool are the ability to provide a detailed sub-channel meshing of the sub-assembly as well as three-dimensional kinetics during severe accident conditions. To fulfill these goals, the fluid-dynamics SIMMER-III code has been coupled to the SNATCH solver using a MPI environment. This coupling allows both to compute the multi-phase and multi-component flows encountered in severe accident conditions and to model the power shape variation during voiding and melting of the different reactor materials. This new calculation scheme relies on a SAS-like multiple-channel treatment, where channel-to-channel heat and momentum exchanges are neglected. In this paper, an overview of the SIMMER-III/SNATCH coupled tool capabilities is provided. A first application of this new tool is also performed and compared with a SAS4A reference calculation. The new SIMMER-III/SNATCH tool proved to be able to model accurately the major phenomenon of the initiating phase i.e. sodium heating and boiling, clad and fuel melting and relocation of the different materials.
Coupled Neutron Transport and Thermal Fluids Calculations for the VHTR
Authors: John Connolly Kevin , Huning Alexander J. , Rahnema Farzad , Garimella Srinivas
Published: June 2014

A new multiphysics method is presented for coupled neutronics and thermal fluids calculations in the VHTR. This new method combines the capabilities of two existing solvers: the COMET neutronics solver, and a thermal fluids module designed specifically for the gas-cooled reactor lattice design featured in this next-generation reactor. This paper provides the necessary background on the neutronics and thermal fluids aspects of the new solution strategy and explains the mode of coupling. A test problem is presented in order to prove the efficacy of the new coupled method.

Results are given for a whole-core VHTR, including detailed temperature information at the fuel pin level, explicit power calculations of individual pins, and a thermal map of the bulk graphite and coolant temperatures throughout the core. Solutions are determined quickly when compared to other methods which offer the same level of detail and accuracy, and thus justify further research and development of this method in the near future.
Coupled neutronics and thermal-hydraulics numerical simulations of a Molten Fast Salt Reactor (MFSR)
Authors: Laureau A. , Rubiolo P.R. , Heuer D. , Merle-Lucotte E. , Brovchenko M.
Published: June 2014

Coupled neutronics and thermalhydraulic numerical analyses of a molten salt fast reactor are presented. These preliminary numerical simulations are carried-out using the Monte Carlo code MCNP and the Computation Fluid Dynamic code OpenFOAM. The main objectives of this analysis performed at steady-reactor conditions are to confirm the acceptability of the current neutronic and thermalhydraulic designs of the reactor, to study the effects of the reactor operating conditions on some of the key MSFR design parameters such as the temperature peaking factor. The effects of the precursor’s motion on the reactor safety parameters such as the effective fraction of delayed neutrons have been evaluated.
Diagnostic and Impact Estimation of Nuclear Data Inconsistencies on Energy Deposition Calculations in Coupled Neutron-Photon Monte-Carlo Simulation, with TRIPOLI-4®
Authors: Péron A. , Malouch F. , Zoia A. , Diop C. M.
Published: June 2014

Nuclear heating evaluation by Monte-Carlo simulation requires coupled neutron-photon calculation so as to take into account the contribution of secondary photons. Nuclear data are essential for a good calculation of neutron and photon energy deposition and for secondary photon generation. However, a number of isotopes of the most common nuclear data libraries happen to be affected by energy and/or momentum conservation errors concerning the photon production or inaccurate thresholds for photon emission sections. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive survey of the three evaluations JEFF3.1.1, JEFF3.2T2 (beta version) and ENDF/B-VII.1, over 142 isotopes. The aim of this survey is, on the one hand, to check the existence of photon production data by neutron reaction and, on the other hand, to verify the consistency of these data using the kinematic limits method recently implemented in the TRIPOLI-4 Monte-Carlo code, developed by CEA (Saclay center). Then, the impact of these inconsistencies affecting energy deposition scores has been estimated for two materials using a specific nuclear heating calculation scheme in the context of the OSIRIS Material Testing Reactor (CEA/Saclay).
CAD-based Automatic Modeling Method for Geant4 geometry model Through MCAM
Authors: Wang Dong , Nie Fanzhi , Wang Guozhong , Long Pengcheng , LV Zhongliang , LV Zhongliang ,   FDS Team
Published: June 2014

Geant4 is a widely used Monte Carlo transport simulation package. Before calculating using Geant4, the calculation model need be established which could be described by using Geometry Description Markup Language (GDML) or C++ language. However, it is time-consuming and error-prone to manually describe the models by GDML. Automatic modeling methods have been developed recently, but there are some problem existed in most of present modeling programs, specially some of them were not accurate or adapted to specifically CAD format. To convert the GDML format models to CAD format accurately, a Geant4 Computer Aided Design (CAD) based modeling method was developed for automatically converting complex CAD geometry model into GDML geometry model.

The essence of this method was dealing with CAD model represented with boundary representation (B-REP) and GDML model represented with constructive solid geometry (CSG). At first, CAD model was decomposed to several simple solids which had only one close shell. And then the simple solid was decomposed to convex shell set. Then corresponding GDML convex basic solids were generated by the boundary surfaces getting from the topological characteristic of a convex shell. After the generation of these solids, GDML model was accomplished with series boolean operations.

This method was adopted in CAD/Image-based Automatic Modeling Program for Neutronics & Radiation Transport (MCAM), and tested with several models including the examples in Geant4 install package. The results showed that this method could convert standard CAD model accurately, and can be used for Geant4 automatic modeling.