bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Innateness
Authors: Elman Jeffrey , Bates Elizabeth , Johnson Mark H. , Karmiloff-Smith Annette , Parisi Domenico , Plunkett Kim
Published: March 2019

Rethinking Innateness asks the question, "What does it really mean to say that a behavior is innate?" The authors describe a new framework in which interactions, occurring at all levels, give rise to emergent forms and behaviors. These outcomes often may be highly constrained and universal, yet are not themselves directly contained in the genes in any domain-specific way.

One of the key contributions of Rethinking Innateness is a taxonomy of ways in which a behavior can be innate. These include constraints at the level of representation, architecture, and timing; typically, behaviors arise through the interaction of constraints at several of these levels.The ideas are explored through dynamic models inspired by a new kind of "developmental connectionism," a marriage of connectionist models and developmental neurobiology, forming a new theoretical framework for the study of behavioral development. While relying heavily on the conceptual and computational tools provided by connectionism, Rethinking Innateness also identifies ways in which these tools need to be enriched by closer attention to biology.

Bradford Books imprint
The Sexual Brain
Authors: LeVay Simon
Published: March 2019

Written with the same clarity, directness, and humor that have made Simon LeVay one of the most popular lecturers at Harvard Medical School and at the University of California, San Diego, The Sexual Brain examines the biological roots of human sexual behavior. It puts forward the compelling case that the diversity of human sexual feelings and behavior can best be understood in terms of the development, structure, and function of the brain circuits that produce them. Discarding all preconceptions about the motivation and purpose of sexuality, LeVay discusses the scientific evidence bearing on such questions as why we are sexual animals, what the brain mechanisms are that produce sexual behavior, how these mechanisms differ between men and women and how these differences develop, and finally, what determines a person's sexual orientation: genes, prenatal events, family environment, or early sexual experiences?

The Sexual Brain is broad in scope, covering evolutionary theory, molecular genetics, endocrinology, brain structure and function, cognitive psychology, and development. It is unified by LeVay's thesis that human sexual behavior, in all its diversity, is rooted in biological mechanisms that can be explored by laboratory science. The book does not shy away from the complexities of the field, but it can be readily appreciated and enjoyed by anyone with an intelligent interest in sex.

Bradford Books imprint
Species of Mind
Authors: Allen Colin , Bekoff Marc
Published: March 2019

The heart of this book is the reciprocal relationship between philosophical theories of mind and empirical studies of animal cognition.

Colin Allen (a philosopher) and Marc Bekoff (a cognitive ethologist) approach their work from a perspective that considers arguments about evolutionary continuity to be as applicable to the study of animal minds and brains as they are to comparative studies of kidneys, stomachs, and hearts. Cognitive ethologists study the comparative, evolutionary, and ecological aspects of the mental phenomena of animals. Philosophy can provide cognitive ethology with an analytical basis for attributing cognition to nonhuman animals and for studying it, and cognitive ethology can help philosophy to explain mentality in naturalistic terms by providing data on the evolution of cognition. This interdiscipinary approach reveals flaws in common objections to the view that animals have minds.

The heart of the book is this reciprocal relationship between philosophical theories of mind and empirical studies of animal cognition. All theoretical discussion is carefully tied to case studies, particularly in the areas of antipredatory vigilance and social play, where there are many points of contact with philosophical discussions of intentionality and representation. Allen and Bekoff make specific suggestions about how to use philosophical theories of intentionality as starting points for empirical investigation of animal minds, and they stress the importance of studying animals other than nonhuman primates.

Bradford Books imprint
Strong Feelings
Authors: Elster Jon
Published: March 2019

Emotion and addiction lie on a continuum between simple visceral drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire at one end and calm, rational decision making at the other. Although emotion and addiction involve visceral motivation, they are also closely linked to cognition and culture. They thus provide the ideal vehicle for Jon Elster's study of the interrelation between three explanatory approaches to behavior: neurobiology, culture, and choice.

The book is organized around parallel analyses of emotion and addiction in order to bring out similarities as well as differences. Elster's study sheds fresh light on the generation of human behavior, ultimately revealing how cognition, choice, and rationality are undermined by the physical processes that underlie strong emotions and cravings. This book will be of particular interest to those studying the variety of human motivations who are dissatisfied with the prevailing reductionisms.

*Not for sale in Belgium, France, or Switzerland.

Bradford Books imprint
Auditory Neuroscience
Authors: Schnupp Jan , Nelken Israel , King Andrew J.
Published: March 2019

An integrated overview of hearing and the interplay of physical, biological, and psychological processes underlying it.

Every time we listen—to speech, to music, to footsteps approaching or retreating—our auditory perception is the result of a long chain of diverse and intricate processes that unfold within the source of the sound itself, in the air, in our ears, and, most of all, in our brains. Hearing is an "everyday miracle" that, despite its staggering complexity, seems effortless. This book offers an integrated account of hearing in terms of the neural processes that take place in different parts of the auditory system.

Because hearing results from the interplay of so many physical, biological, and psychological processes, the book pulls together the different aspects of hearing—including acoustics, the mathematics of signal processing, the physiology of the ear and central auditory pathways, psychoacoustics, speech, and music—into a coherent whole.
The Social Machine
Authors: Donath Judith
Published: March 2019

New ways to design spaces for online interaction—and how they will change society.

Computers were first conceived as “thinking machines,” but in the twenty-first century they have become social machines, online places where people meet friends, play games, and collaborate on projects. In this book, Judith Donath argues persuasively that for social media to become truly sociable media, we must design interfaces that reflect how we understand and respond to the social world. People and their actions are still harder to perceive online than face to face: interfaces are clunky, and we have less sense of other people's character and intentions, where they congregate, and what they do.

Donath presents new approaches to creating interfaces for social interaction. She addresses such topics as visualizing social landscapes, conversations, and networks; depicting identity with knowledge markers and interaction history; delineating public and private space; and bringing the online world's open sociability into the physical world. Donath asks fundamental questions about how we want to live online and offers thought-provoking designs that explore radically new ways of interacting and communicating.
Knowledge Unbound
Authors: Suber Peter
Published: March 2019

Influential writings make the case for open access to research, explore its implications, and document the early struggles and successes of the open access movement.

Peter Suber has been a leading advocate for open access since 2001 and has worked full time on issues of open access since 2003. As a professor of philosophy during the early days of the internet, he realized its power and potential as a medium for scholarship. As he writes now, “it was like an asteroid crash, fundamentally changing the environment, challenging dinosaurs to adapt, and challenging all of us to figure out whether we were dinosaurs.” When Suber began putting his writings and course materials online for anyone to use for any purpose, he soon experienced the benefits of that wider exposure. In 2001, he started a newsletter—the Free Online Scholarship Newsletter, which later became the SPARC Open Access Newsletter—in which he explored the implications of open access for research and scholarship. This book offers a selection of some of Suber's most significant and influential writings on open access from 2002 to 2010.

In these texts, Suber makes the case for open access to research; answers common questions, objections, and misunderstandings; analyzes policy issues; and documents the growth and evolution of open access during its most critical early decade.
Good Science
Authors: Thompson Charis
Published: March 2019

An examination of a decade and a half of political controversy, ethical debate, and scientific progress in stem cell research.

After a decade and a half, human pluripotent stem cell research has been normalized. There may be no consensus on the status of the embryo—only a tacit agreement to disagree—but the debate now takes place in a context in which human stem cell research and related technologies already exist. In this book, Charis Thompson investigates the evolution of the controversy over human pluripotent stem cell research in the United States and proposes a new ethical approach for “good science.” Thompson traces political, ethical, and scientific developments that came together in what she characterizes as a “procurial” framing of innovation, based on concern with procurement of pluripotent cells and cell lines, a pro-cures mandate, and a proliferation of bio-curatorial practices.

Thompson describes what she calls the “ethical choreography” that allowed research to go on as the controversy continued. The intense ethical attention led to some important discoveries as scientists attempted to “invent around” ethical roadblocks. Some ethical concerns were highly legible; but others were hard to raise in the dominant procurial framing that allowed government funding for the practice of stem cell research to proceed despite controversy. Thompson broadens the debate to include such related topics as animal and human research subjecthood and altruism. Looking at fifteen years of stem cell debate and discoveries, Thompson argues that good science and good ethics are mutually reinforcing, rather than antithetical, in contemporary biomedicine.
ReCombinatorics
Authors: Gusfield Dan
Published: March 2019

Combinatorial structure and algorithms for deducing genetic recombination history, represented by ancestral recombination graphs and other networks, and their role in the emerging field of phylogenetic networks.

In this book, Dan Gusfield examines combinatorial algorithms to construct genealogical and exact phylogenetic networks, particularly ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs). The algorithms produce networks (or information about networks) that serve as hypotheses about the true genealogical history of observed biological sequences and can be applied to practical biological problems.

Phylogenetic trees have been the traditional means to represent evolutionary history, but there is a growing realization that networks rather than trees are often needed, most notably for recent human history. This has led to the development of ARGs in population genetics and, more broadly, to phylogenetic networks. ReCombinatorics offers an in-depth, rigorous examination of current research on the combinatorial, graph-theoretic structure of ARGs and explicit phylogenetic networks, and algorithms to reconstruct or deduce information about those networks.

ReCombinatorics, a groundbreaking contribution to the emerging field of phylogenetic networks, connects and unifies topics in population genetics and phylogenetics that have traditionally been discussed separately and considered to be unrelated. It covers the necessary combinatorial and algorithmic background material; the various biological phenomena; the mathematical, population genetic, and phylogenetic models that capture the essential elements of these phenomena; the combinatorial and algorithmic problems that derive from these models; the theoretical results that have been obtained; related software that has been developed; and some empirical testing of the software on simulated and real biological data.
Word and Object
Authors: Quine Willard Van Orman
Published: March 2019

A new edition of Quine's most important work.

Willard Van Orman Quine begins this influential work by declaring, "Language is a social art. In acquiring it we have to depend entirely on intersubjectively available cues as to what to say and when." As Patricia Smith Churchland notes in her foreword to this new edition, with Word and Object Quine challenged the tradition of conceptual analysis as a way of advancing knowledge. The book signaled twentieth-century philosophy's turn away from metaphysics and what Churchland calls the "phony precision" of conceptual analysis.

In the course of his discussion of meaning and the linguistic mechanisms of objective reference, Quine considers the indeterminacy of translation, brings to light the anomalies and conflicts implicit in our language's referential apparatus, clarifies semantic problems connected with the imputation of existence, and marshals reasons for admitting or repudiating each of various categories of supposed objects. In addition to Churchland's foreword, this edition offers a new preface by Quine's student and colleague Dagfinn Follesdal that describes the never-realized plans for a second edition of Word and Object, in which Quine would offer a more unified treatment of the public nature of meaning, modalities, and propositional attitudes.
An Inclusive Academy
Authors: Stewart Abigail J. , Valian Virginia
Published: March 2019

How colleges and universities can live up to their ideals of diversity, and why inclusivity and excellence go hand in hand.

Most colleges and universities embrace the ideals of diversity and inclusion, but many fall short, especially in the hiring, retention, and advancement of faculty who would more fully represent our diverse world—in particular, women and people of color. In this book, Abigail Stewart and Virginia Valian argue that diversity and excellence go hand in hand and provide guidance for achieving both.

Stewart and Valian, themselves senior academics, support their argument with comprehensive data from a range of disciplines. They show why merit is often overlooked; they offer statistics and examples of individual experiences of exclusion, such as being left out of crucial meetings; and they outline institutional practices that keep exclusion invisible, including reliance on proxies for excellence, such as prestige, that disadvantage outstanding candidates who are not members of the white male majority.

Perhaps most important, Stewart and Valian provide practical advice for overcoming obstacles to inclusion. This advice is based on their experiences at their own universities, their consultations with faculty and administrators at many other institutions, and data on institutional change. Stewart and Valian offer recommendations for changing structures and practices so that people become successful in ways that benefit everyone. They describe better ways of searching for job candidates; evaluating candidates for hiring, tenure, and promotion; helping faculty succeed; and broadening rewards and recognition.
Connected Play
Authors: Kafai Yasmin B. , Fields Deborah A.
Published: March 2019

How kids play in virtual worlds, how it matters for their offline lives, and what this means for designing educational opportunities.

Millions of children visit virtual worlds every day. In such virtual play spaces as Habbo Hotel, Toontown, and Whyville, kids chat with friends from school, meet new people, construct avatars, and earn and spend virtual currency. In Connected Play, Yasmin Kafai and Deborah Fields investigate what happens when kids play in virtual worlds, how this matters for their offline lives, and what this means for the design of educational opportunities in digital worlds.

Play is fundamentally important for kids' development, but, Kafai and Fields argue, to understand play in virtual worlds, we need to connect concerns of development and culture with those of digital media and learning. Kafai and Fields do this through a detailed study of kids' play in Whyville, a massive, informal virtual world with educational content for tween players. Combining ethnographic accounts with analysis of logfile data, they present rich portraits and overviews of how kids learn to play in a digital domain, developing certain technological competencies; how kids learn to play well—responsibly, respectfully, and safely; and how kids learn to play creatively, creating content that becomes a part of the virtual world itself.
The Design of High-Efficiency Turbomachinery and Gas Turbines
Authors: Wilson David Gordon , Korakianitis Theodosios
Published: March 2019

The second edition of a comprehensive textbook that introduces turbomachinery and gas turbines through design methods and examples.

This comprehensive textbook is unique in its design-focused approach to turbomachinery and gas turbines. It offers students and practicing engineers methods for configuring these machines to perform with the highest possible efficiency. Examples and problems are based on the actual design of turbomachinery and turbines.

After an introductory chapter that outlines the goals of the book and provides definitions of terms and parts, the book offers a brief review of the basic principles of thermodynamics and efficiency definitions. The rest of the book is devoted to the analysis and design of real turbomachinery configurations and gas turbines, based on a consistent application of thermodynamic theory and a more empirical treatment of fluid dynamics that relies on the extensive use of design charts. Topics include turbine power cycles, diffusion and diffusers, the analysis and design of three-dimensional free-stream flow, and combustion systems and combustion calculations. The second edition updates every chapter, adding material on subjects that include flow correlations, energy transfer in turbomachines, and three-dimensional design. A solutions manual is available for instructors. This new MIT Press edition makes a popular text available again, with corrections and some updates, to a wide audience of students, professors, and professionals.
Abnormal oxidative metabolism in a quiet genomic background underlies clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Jianing , Reznik Ed , Lee Ho-Joon , Gundem Gunes , Jonsson Philip , Sarungbam Judy , Bialik Anna , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Creighton Chad J , Hoekstra Jake , Zhang Li , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Kremer Daniel , Tolstyka Zachary , Casuscelli Jozefina , Stirdivant Steve , Tang Jie , Schultz Nikolaus , Jeng Paul , Dong Yiyu , Su Wenjing , Cheng Emily H , Russo Paul , Coleman Jonathan A , Papaemmanuil Elli , Chen Ying-Bei , Reuter Victor E , Sander Chris , Kennedy Scott R , Hsieh James J , Lyssiotis Costas A , Tickoo Satish K , Hakimi A Ari
Published: March 2019

While genomic sequencing routinely identifies oncogenic alterations for the majority of cancers, many tumors harbor no discernable driver lesion. Here, we describe the exceptional molecular phenotype of a genomically quiet kidney tumor, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPAP). In spite of a largely wild-type nuclear genome, CCPAP tumors exhibit severe depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and RNA and high levels of oxidative stress, reflecting a shift away from respiratory metabolism. Moreover, CCPAP tumors exhibit a distinct metabolic phenotype uniquely characterized by accumulation of the sugar alcohol sorbitol. Immunohistochemical staining of primary CCPAP tumor specimens recapitulates both the depletion of mtDNA-encoded proteins and a lipid-depleted metabolic phenotype, suggesting that the cytoplasmic clarity in CCPAP is primarily related to the presence of glycogen. These results argue for non-genetic profiling as a tool for the study of cancers of unknown driver.
Neural basis of somatosensory target detection independent of uncertainty, relevance, and reports
Authors: Schröder Pia , Schmidt Timo Torsten , Blankenburg Felix
Published: March 2019

Research on somatosensory awareness has yielded highly diverse findings with putative neural correlates ranging from activity within somatosensory cortex to activation of widely distributed frontoparietal networks. Divergent results from previous studies may reside in cognitive processes that often coincide with stimulus awareness in experimental settings. To scrutinise the specific relevance of regions implied in the target detection network, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (n = 27) on a novel somatosensory detection task that explicitly controls for stimulus uncertainty, behavioural relevance, overt reports, and motor responses. Using Bayesian Model Selection, we show that responses reflecting target detection are restricted to secondary somatosensory cortex, whereas activity in insular, cingulate, and motor regions is best explained in terms of stimulus uncertainty and overt reports. Our results emphasise the role of sensory-specific cortex for the emergence of perceptual awareness and dissect the contribution of the frontoparietal network to classical detection tasks.
The homophilic receptor PTPRK selectively dephosphorylates multiple junctional regulators to promote cell–cell adhesion
Authors: Fearnley Gareth W , Young Katherine A , Edgar James R , Antrobus Robin , Hay Iain M , Liang Wei-Ching , Martinez-Martin Nadia , Lin WeiYu , Deane Janet E , Sharpe Hayley J
Published: March 2019

Cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms depends on the dynamic and reversible phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues. The receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) receive cues from the extracellular environment and are well placed to influence cell signaling. However, the direct events downstream of these receptors have been challenging to resolve. We report here that the homophilic receptor PTPRK is stabilized at cell-cell contacts in epithelial cells. By combining interaction studies, quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics, proximity labeling and dephosphorylation assays we identify high confidence PTPRK substrates. PTPRK directly and selectively dephosphorylates at least five substrates, including Afadin, PARD3 and δ-catenin family members, which are all important cell-cell adhesion regulators. In line with this, loss of PTPRK phosphatase activity leads to disrupted cell junctions and increased invasive characteristics. Thus, identifying PTPRK substrates provides insight into its downstream signaling and a potential molecular explanation for its proposed tumor suppressor function.
NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR THE PASSIVE ELIMINATION OF STATIC ELECTRICITY
Authors: GAĆANOVIĆ MIĆO , DRAGOVIĆ NIKOLA
Published: March 2019

The new possibilities of passive elimination of static electricity, both in production processes and in everyday life are given in this paper. The paper considered passive solutions for elimination of static electricity which are the result of years of research in technological processes in which the concentrations of explosive and flammable mixtures and dust are present. The proposed solutions have the status of an internationally protected patent. A comparison between offered passive solutions and the present state of technology in both passive and active devices for the elimination of static electricity is made. Computer simulation of work and the level of the elimination of static electricity of the proposed passive devices for the elimination of static electricity for all phases of state (solid, liquid, gas and powder) is made and processed in a computer software MATLAB / Simulink v7.6 (R2010b). The obtained results are commented in the paper, and the risk assessment of possible electrostatic discharge in hazardous areas is made as defined by the Directive ATEX 137.
Key words: electricity, passive devices for the elimination of static electricity, hazardous area, risk assessment, ATEX 137
THE ROLE OF EARLY DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Živanović Stanimir , Zigar Darko , Krstić Dejan
Published: March 2019

Continuous monitoring of open space is of the utmost importance for the protection of forests against fire. Collected data in real time provide fast intervention of relevant services to extinguish the fire. Timely information about the appearance of fire reduce the number of areas affected by this fire and thereby minimizes the costs of fire extinguishing and the damage caused in the woods. The current way of detecting fire in an open area in Serbia is not in real time, and due to this, it is necessary to implement modern technology of collecting data related to early detection of fires. This paper presents an integral project of forest-fire protection on the territory of Serbia in order to provide the reference for the application of terrestrial automated system for early detection and prediction of forest fires. An automated system could be comprised of infrared and high-resolution TV camera surveillance, covering a large part of the forest area and forest land.
Key words: Forest fire, prediction, early detection.
Comparative analysis and characterization of the gut microbiota of four farmed snakes from southern China
Authors: Zhang Bing , Ren Jing , Yang Daode , Liu Shuoran , Gong Xinguo
Published: March 2019

Background

The gut microbiota plays an important role in host immunity and metabolic homeostasis. Although analyses of gut microbiotas have been used to assess host health and foster disease prevention and treatment, no comparative comprehensive study, assessing gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snake, is yet available. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbiotas of four species of farmed snakes (Naja atra, Ptyas mucosa, Elaphe carinata, and Deinagkistrodon acutus) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene in southern China and tested whether there was a relationship between gut microbiotal composition and host species.

Results

A total of 629 operational taxonomic units across 22 samples were detected. The five most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria, while the five most abundant genera were Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Clostridium, Plesiomonas, and Paeniclostridium. This was the first report of the dominance of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium in the snake gut. Our phylogenetic analysis recovered a relatively close relationship between Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that species richness and diversity were highest in the gut microbiota of D. acutus and lowest in that of E. carinata. Significant differences in alpha diversity were detected among the four farmed snake species. The gut microbiotas of conspecifics were more similar to each other than to those of heterospecifics.

Conclusion

This study provides the first comparative study of gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snakes, and provides valuable data for the management of farmed snakes. In farmed snakes, host species affected the species composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
Bio-efficacy of Bacillus subtilis against Damping off Disease in Brinjal
Authors: Awasthi Deepak , Srivastava Mukesh , Trivedi Shubha , Mishra Abhishek , Dixit Supriya , Rao Saurabh Govind , Singh Virendra , Srivastava Yatindra
Published: March 2019

Bacillus sp is one of the biocontrol agents are extensively used in management of fungal diseases of crop plants, exhibiting mycoparasitism against a wide range of plant pathogens. In the present investigation Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis was tested against Pythium aphanidermatum under glass house and field conditions. With regard to the germination and seedling growth parameters, the treatment T2 (liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis @10 ml/L)  recorded the highest germination percentage (92.59%), shoot length (59.3 cm), root length (24.3 cm), vigor index (7740.52) and yield (22.67 mt/ha). This was followed by the treatments T3, T1 and T4 in the decreasing order of merit. In the biometric observations also, 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L concentration of liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis recorded statistically significant results. Observations on total protein content in brinjal plants treated with different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis revealed that treatment T2 was found best in both field and glass house conditions yielded highest protein as 0.44mg/ml and 0.30mg/ml respectively. The least values of germination, growth parameters, protein content and yield were observed in untreated control.
SIPA1L3 methylation modifies the benefit of smoking cessation on lung adenocarcinoma survival: an epigenomic–smoking interaction analysis
Authors: Zhang Ruyang , Lai Linjing , Dong Xuesi , He Jieyu , You Dongfang , Chen Chao , Lin Lijuan , Zhu Ying , Huang Hui , Shen Sipeng , Wei Liangmin , Chen Xin , Guo Yichen , Liu Liya , Su Li , Shafer Andrea , Moran Sebastian , Fleischer Thomas , Bjaanæs Maria Moksnes , Karlsson Anna , Planck Maria , Staaf Johan , Helland Åslaug , Esteller Manel , Wei Yongyue , Chen Feng , Christiani David C.
Published: March 2019

Smoking cessation prolongs survival and decreases mortality of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, epigenetic alterations of some genes are associated with survival. However, potential interactions between smoking cessation and epigenetics have not been assessed. Here, we conducted an epigenome‐wide interaction analysis between DNA methylation and smoking cessation on NSCLC survival. We used a two‐stage study design to identify DNA methylation–smoking cessation interactions that affect overall survival for early‐stage NSCLC. The discovery phase contained NSCLC patients from Harvard, Spain, Norway, and Sweden. A histology‐stratified Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, clinical stage, and study center was used to test DNA methylation–smoking cessation interaction terms. Interactions with false discovery rate‐q ≤ 0.05 were further confirmed in a validation phase using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Histology‐specific interactions were identified by stratification analysis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. We identified one CpG probe (cg02268510SIPA1L3) that significantly and exclusively modified the effect of smoking cessation on survival in LUAD patients [hazard ratio (HR)interaction = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.16; P = 4.30 × 10–7]. Further, the effect of smoking cessation on early‐stage LUAD survival varied across patients with different methylation levels of cg02268510SIPA1L3. Smoking cessation only benefited LUAD patients with low methylation (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34–0.82; P = 4.61 × 10–3) rather than medium or high methylation (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.86–1.70; P = 0.266) of cg02268510SIPA1L3. Moreover, there was an antagonistic interaction between elevated methylation of cg02268510SIPA1L3 and smoking cessation (HRinteraction = 2.1835; 95% CI: 1.27–3.74; P = 4.46 × 10−3). In summary, smoking cessation benefited survival of LUAD patients with low methylation at cg02268510SIPA1L3. The results have implications for not only smoking cessation after diagnosis, but also possible methylation‐specific drug targeting.
National Council audience gets walk‐through of mock injection site
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2019

Attendees of last week's National Council for Behavioral Health annual conference in Nashville, Tennessee, received an unexpected chance to see how injection drug users might experience a leading‐edge harm‐reduction response to the opioid overdose epidemic — that is, if a U.S. community ever emerges to become the nation's first to house a sanctioned safe consumption space.
Supplemental SOR grants released to states
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2019

Last month, the federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released an additional $487 million to states and territories in its State Opioid Response (SOR) grant program, bringing the 2019 total to $1.4 billion, including the $933 million in second‐year, continuation SOR grants to be provided later this year. The SOR grants increase access to medication‐assisted treatment (MAT), reduce unmet treatment need and reduce opioid‐related overdose deaths.
Hierarchical‐Porous Ceramic Foams by a Combination of Replica and Freeze Technique
Authors: Schelm Katja , Fey Tobias , Dammler Kathleen , Betke Ulf , Scheffler Michael
Published: March 2019

Open‐porous alumina foams with additional strut porosity are fabricated by a two‐step sponge‐replication based manufacturing process. As the first step, open cellular ceramic foams are prepared following the Schwarzwalder sponge replication technique. Therefore, organic foam templates are coated with different aqueous alumina slurries with a solid load between 20 and 40 vol% In a second step, an additional porosity is generated inside the foam struts by freezing of the foams at temperatures between −196 and −20 °C and subsequent sublimation drying. The hierarchical structure of both, cell pores and strut pores in the freeze‐dried material remains intact after drying, template removal, and sintering. Size, connectivity, and morphology of the strut pores strongly depend on the solid load of the alumina slurry and on the freezing temperature. Cellular structures with a strut porosity between 50% and 60% and a total porosity exceeding 90% are prepared, which show a compressive strength in between 0.4 to 0.6 MPa. Due to the additional strut porosity, the specific surface area of freeze‐dried replica foams increases from 70 cm2 g−1for conventionally prepared foams to 200 cm2 g−1for freeze‐dried foams, respectively.
Surface Halogen Compensation for Robust Performance Enhancements of CsPbX3 Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Dandan , Li Xiaoming , Wu Ye , Wei Changting , Qin Zhengyuan , Zhang Chunfeng , Sun Zhiguo , Li Yuelei , Wang Yue , Zeng Haibo
Published: March 2019

Understanding the subtle structure–property relationships of quantum dots (QDs) is essential for targeted modulation of optoelectronic properties, and the influences of surface defects of inorganic halide perovskite (HP) QDs are still not very clear. Here, the negative exciton trapping effects of surface halide vacancies (VX) on the photoluminescence quantum yield QY (PLQY) of HPQDs are determined by a detailed analysis of the optical parameters, exciton dynamics, and surface chemical states. Based on the fact that VX contribute greatly to nonradiative recombination processes, versatile in situ and postpassivation strategies are developed by constructing intact Pb–X octahedrons. High QYs for standard red CsPbBr1I2 (85%), green CsPbBr3 (96%), and blue CsPbBr1.3Cl1.7 (92%) emissions are achieved. The superiorities of the reduced VX are further demonstrated by high external quantum efficiency of 0.8% and a stable emission wavelength of the blue light‐emitting diodes. This study deepens the understanding of HPQDs and demonstrates the potential for the artificial control of the optical properties of HPQDs.
Preferential Siting of Aluminum Heteroatoms in the Zeolite Catalyst Al‐SSZ‐70
Authors: Berkson Zachariah J. , Hsieh Ming‐Feng , Smeets Stef , Gajan David , Lund Alicia , Lesage Anne , Xie Dan , Zones Stacey I. , McCusker Lynne B. , Baerlocher Christian , Chmelka Bradley F.
Published: March 2019

The adsorption and reaction properties of heterogeneous zeolite catalysts (e.g. for catalytic cracking of petroleum, partial oxidation of natural gas) depend strongly on the types and distributions of Al heteroatoms in the aluminosilicate frameworks. The origins of these properties have been challenging to discern, owing in part to the structural complexity of aluminosilicate zeolites. Herein, combined solid‐state NMR and synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction analyses show the Al atoms locate preferentially in certain framework sites in the zeolite catalyst Al‐SSZ‐70. Through‐covalent‐bond 2D 27Al{29Si} J‐correlation NMR spectra allow distinct framework Al sites to be identified and their relative occupancies quantified. The analyses show that 94 % of the Al atoms are located at the surfaces of the large‐pore interlayer channels of Al‐SSZ‐70, while only 6 % are in the sub‐nm intralayer channels. The selective siting of Al atoms accounts for the reaction properties of catalysts derived from SSZ‐70.
Repositioning Chloride Transmembrane Transporters: Transport of Organic Ion Pairs
Authors: Grauwels Glenn , Valkenier Hennie , Davis Anthony P. , Jabin Ivan , Bartik Kristin
Published: March 2019

Given the biological importance of organic cations, the facilitated transport of organic ion pairs could find many applications. Calix[6]arene tris(thio)ureas, which possess a cavity that can accommodate primary ammonium ions, can not only act as carriers for Cl−/NO3− antiport but can also perform the cotransport of PrNH3Cl. Transport was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy and the presence of the different species inside the vesicles was characterized by 1H and 35Cl NMR experiments involving shift reagents. The cotransport of PrNH3Cl was also observed by receptors deprived of a cavity, but the presence of the cavity conveys an advantage, as the cotransport by calix[6]arenes was observed to be more efficient than the Cl−/NO3− antiport, which is not the case with receptors without a cavity. The role played by the cavity was further highlighted by the disappearance of this advantage when using a bulky ammonium ion, which cannot be complexed within the cavity.
Direct Zinc Finger Protein Persulfidation by H2S Is Facilitated by Zn2+
Authors: Lange Mike , Ok Kiwon , Shimberg Geoffrey D. , Bursac Biljana , Markó Lajos , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Michel Sarah L. J. , Filipovic Milos R.
Published: March 2019

H2S is a gaseous signaling molecule that modifies cysteine residues in proteins to form persulfides (P‐SSH). One family of proteins modified by H2S are zinc finger (ZF) proteins, which contain multiple zinc‐coordinating cysteine residues. Herein, we report the reactivity of H2S with a ZF protein called tristetraprolin (TTP). Rapid persulfidation leading to complete thiol oxidation of TTP mediated by H2S was observed by low‐temperature ESI‐MS and fluorescence spectroscopy. Persulfidation of TTP required O2 , which reacts with H2S to form superoxide, as detected by ESI‐MS, a hydroethidine fluorescence assay, and EPR spin trapping. H2S was observed to inhibit TTP function (binding to TNFα mRNA) by an in vitro fluorescence anisotropy assay and to modulate TNFα in vivo. H2S was unreactive towards TTP when the protein was bound to RNA, thus suggesting a protective effect of RNA.
Interplay of H‐Bonds with Aromatics in Isolated Complexes Identifies Isomeric Carbohydrates
Authors: Saparbaev Erik , Kopysov Vladimir , Yamaletdinov Ruslan , Pereverzev Aleksandr Y. , Boyarkin Oleg V.
Published: March 2019

The tremendous isomeric diversity of carbohydrates enables a wide range of their biological functions but makes the identification and study of these molecules difficult. We investigated the ability of intermolecular interactions to communicate structural specificity of carbohydrates to protonated aromatic molecules in non‐covalent complexes, isolated and cooled in the gas phase. Our study revealed that small structural differences between carbohydrate isomers of any type, including enantiomers, are accurately communicated by these interactions to aromatic molecules as detectable changes in their electronic excitation spectra. The specific response of the aromatics to the isomers of carbohydrates is fine‐tuned by the interplay of the various involved non‐covalent bonds. These findings enable the gas‐phase identification and relative quantification of any isomers of oligosaccharides in their solution mixtures using the 2D UV‐MS fingerprinting technique.
A Universal Strategy for Activating the Multicolor Room‐Temperature Afterglow of Carbon Dots in a Boric Acid Matrix
Authors: Li Wei , Zhou Wan , Zhou Zhishan , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Xuejie , Zhuang Jianle , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu , Hu Chaofan
Published: March 2019

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted attention in metal‐free afterglow materials, but most CDs were heteroatom‐containing and the afterglow emissions are still limited to the short‐wavelength region. A universal approach to activate the room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of both heteroatom‐free and heteroatom‐containing CDs was developed by one‐step heat treatment of CDs and boric acid (BA). The introduction of an electron‐withdrawing boron atom in composites can greatly reduce the energy gap between the singlet and triplet state; the formed glassy state can effectively protect the excited triplet states of CDs from nonradiative deactivation. A universal host for embedding CDs to achieve long‐lifetime and multi‐color (blue, green, green‐yellow and orange) RTP via a low cost, quick and facile process was developed. Based on their distinctive RTP performances, the applications of these CD‐based RTP materials in information encryption and decryption are also proposed and demonstrated.
A Monomeric Stannabenzene: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Kaiya Canon , Suzuki Katsunori , Yamashita Makoto
Published: March 2019

A tin‐containing benzene, stannabenzene, was synthesized and isolated as a monomeric form. The X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed the planar structure of the stannabenzene ring and unsaturated Sn−C and C−C bonds without bond alternation. Low‐field shifted NMR signals and negative nuclear‐independent chemical shifts (NICS) values are in agreement with the features of aromatic compounds. The narrow HOMO–LUMO gap of stannabenzene has been revealed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry.
Catalytic activity and facile recovery of a cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complex immobilized by non‐covalent interactions on reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Karami Kazem , Ramezanpour Azar , Zakariazadeh Mostafa , Silvestru Cristian
Published: March 2019

The growing concern about the potentially adverse effects of the production of chemical compounds on the sustainable development of the environment has led to a great deal of efforts to search for low‐cost and environmentally friendly catalytic systems. A pyrene‐tagged N‐heterocyclic carbene palladacycle complex ([Pd{(C,N)C6H4CH2NH(Et)}(Imd‐P)Br]) was prepared by reacting imidazolium salt with dimer ([Pd2{(C,N)C6H4CH2NH(Et)}2(μ‐OAc)2]). Then, it was immobilized onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via π–π stacking forces. The hybrid compound ((NHC)Pd‐rGO) was made in a one‐step process. Various techniques were employed to characterize the compound. In addition, computational studies were used to verify the interaction between the Pd complex and rGO. The catalytic activity of the molecular complex and hybrid material was evaluated in both Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions and reduction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. The catalytic activity of the hybrid material was enhanced in comparison with the corresponding homogeneous analogue. Thus, rGO seems to play a significant role in catalytic activity. Hot filtration experiments show the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst resulting from the strong interaction between pyrene and graphene. The hybrid (NHC)Pd‐rGO material could be recycled up to six times with no decrease in catalytic activity.
Photoinitiator‐free photopolymerization of acrylate‐bismaleimide mixtures and their application for inkjet printing
Authors: Wagner Annika , Mühlberger Michael , Paulik Christian
Published: March 2019

There is growing interest in using photoinitiator‐free systems in coating applications such as inkjet‐printing, because residual photoinitiator can alter the properties of the resulting polymer. Bismaleimides (BMI) offer the opportunity to polymerize acrylates without the addition of photoinitiators, as this class of molecules can serve both as polymerizable monomer and as photoinitiator together with electron donor systems, like vinyl ether monomers or acrylates. The UV‐induced copolymerization of a low‐molecular‐weight BMI with various acrylate monomers and oligomers without any photoinitiator was characterized. The BMI‐acrylate systems show comparable polymerization speeds to widely used acrylic systems with photoinitiator. Superior thermal stability as well as thermomechanical properties are achieved by enhancing acrylics with BMI. Such photoinitiator‐free systems lend themselves to be used for low‐migration coatings as well as for high‐temperature applications. Here, a characterization of selected BMI‐acrylate mixtures regarding their photocuring kinetics and their application as inks for inkjet printing is shown. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47789.
Carbon‐Coated and Interfacial‐Functionalized Mixed‐Phase MoxTi1−xO2‐δ Nanotubes as Highly Active and Durable PtRu Catalyst Support for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Li Jia‐Long , Zhao Lei , Li Xi‐Fei , Hao Su‐E. , Wang Zhen‐Bo
Published: March 2019

A synchronous carbon‐coating and interfacial‐functionalizing approach is proposed for the fabrication of Mo‐doped MoxTi1−xO2‐δ nanotubes (C@IF‐MTNTs) under mild hydrothermal reaction with subsequent annealing as advanced catalyst supports for PtRu nanoparticles (NPs) towards methanol electrooxidation. The carbonation of glucose and Mo‐doping takes place simultaneously at the interface of pristine anatase TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), generating a unique concentric multilayered one‐dimensional (1D) structure with crystalline an anatase/rutile mixed‐phase TiO2 core and Mo‐functionalized interface and subsequently a carbon shell. The obtained PtRu/C@IF‐MTNTs catalyst exhibits an over 2 times higher mass activity with comparable durability than that of the unmodified PtRu/C@TNTs catalyst and over 1.7 times higher mass activity with over 20 % higher stability than that of PtRu/C catalyst. Such superior catalytic performance towards methanol electrooxidation is ascribed to the Mo‐functionalized interface, concentric multilayered 1D architecture, and anatase/rutile mixed‐phase core, which facilitates the charge transport through 1D structural support and electronic interaction between C@IF‐MTNTs and ultrafine PtRu NPs. This work reveals the critical application of a 1D interfacial functionalized architecture for advanced energy storage and conversion.
Construction of Two High‐Nuclear 3d‐4d Heterometallic Cluster Organic Frameworks by Introducing a Bifunctional Tripodal Alcohol as a Structure‐Directing Agent
Authors: Lin Li‐Dan , Ge Rui , Zhang Jing , Li Zhong , Yu Hao , Liu Jin‐Hua , Li Xin‐Xiong , Sun Yan‐Qiong , Zhao Dan , Zheng Shou‐Tian
Published: March 2019

Two unique heterometallic cluster organic frameworks, [Cd4MnIII4MnII6(Tri)4(CH3COO)14(μ4‐O)2(μ3‐O)2(H2O)2] Cd(H2O)2⋅9 H2O (1) and Cu[Cd5Cu6(Tri)4(CH3COO)9(H2O)4]2(CH3COO)3⋅24 H2O (2) (H3Tri=2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐propanediol), have been successfully prepared by employing a bifunctional tripodal alcohol ligand as a structure‐directing agent. Crystal structure analyses reveal that 1 represents a rare example of frameworks constructed from Cd−Mn heterometallic chains, and 2 is the first heterometallic MOF based on highest‐nuclear Cd−Cu heterometallic cluster building blocks. Furthermore, the magnetic properties and gas adsorption abilities of 1 and 2 were systematically studied.