bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting Tumor Apoptosis and Ferroptosis with Multienzyme Mimetic Au Single‐Atom Nanozymes Engaged in Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Chen Runan , Zhang Wenying , Sun Pengchao , Zhang Nan , Zhao Yongxing
Published: October 2024

Nanozyme‐based catalytic therapy has garnered much attention in cancer treatment for converting endogenous substrates into reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress damage in tumors. However, the effectiveness of nanozymes is hindered by the limited availability of these endogenous substrates in the tumor microenvironment. To address this, a novel gold‐based single‐atom nanozyme (AuSAN), glucose oxidase (GOx, G), and lactate oxidase (LOx, L) are meticulously engineered into a highly ordered biomimetic composite nanozyme M/GLB@AuSAN, forming an interconnected cascade catalysis that catalyzes the carbon sources of tumor into ROS as a sustained antitumor strategy. The loaded GOx and LOx aerobically catalyze glucose and lactate to produce H2O2, which is then rapidly converted into ·OH, O2•−, and O2 by AuSAN. The generated O2 serves as a positive feedback substrate for further GOx‐ and LOx‐mediated aerobic catalysis, significantly amplifying cascade catalysis, and thereby enhancing ROS accumulation. The abundant intracellular ROS and scarce carbon sources effectively exacerbate protein phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial damage, ultimately provoking tumor apoptosis and ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the integrated design of GOx/LOx/AuSAN provides a promising strategy to combine multiple enzymatic activities, deplete carbon sources, and enhance ROS production, resulting in the suppression of melanoma progression.
MXene‐Based Soft Actuators With Phototropic Self‐Sustained Oscillation for Versatile Applications in Micro Robotics
Authors: Xu Liangliang , Xu Yingqi , Li Lin , Qiu Changwen , Ling Yangyang , Hu Ying , Chang Longfei , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

The efforts in soft materials actuators that can generate driving deformation under external energy stimulation have promoted the rapid development in miniature sized robotics. Recently, soft actuators with continuous and autonomous actuation behavior under constant stimulation are highly sought after. Light‐fueled self‐oscillators based on self‐shadowing effect triggered by their light‐induced actuation deformation provide an effective scheme. However, grand challenges remain in light‐driven self‐actuators that are multi‐directional controllable and can operate in low power density in air. Here, this study reports a MXene‐based multilayer actuator that generates self‐sustained robotic motion upon low light intensity– 50 mW cm−2 (half Sun). The actuator can self‐track the light sources and continuously oscillate while the incident angle is changed. The self‐sustained actuator exhibits high adaptation to types of light sources, including inherence and coherence light sources with different wavelengths. Diverse applications are demonstrated, including autonomous signal transmitter based on beam reflection, self‐propelled sailboat, light‐to‐mechanical motor, and soft robots with biomimetic movements. The results offer new insights for light‐fueled self‐oscillators with multi‐directional controllability and low‐intensity requirement and its potential application prospect.
Heterogeneous Integration of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors and 2D Materials: Processes, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Choi Soo Ho , Kim Yongsung , Jeon Il , Kim Hyunseok
Published: October 2024

Wide‐bandgap semiconductors (WBGs) are crucial building blocks of many modern electronic devices. However, there is significant room for improving the crystal quality, available choice of materials/heterostructures, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness of WBGs. In this regard, utilizing layered 2D materials in conjunction with WBG is emerging as a promising solution. This review presents recent advancements in the integration of WBGs and 2D materials, including fabrication techniques, mechanisms, devices, and novel functionalities. The properties of various WBGs and 2D materials, their integration techniques including epitaxial and nonepitaxial growth methods as well as transfer techniques, along with their advantages and challenges, are discussed. Additionally, devices and applications based on the WBG/2D heterostructures are introduced. Distinctive advantages of merging 2D materials with WBGs are described in detail, along with perspectives on strategies to overcome current challenges and unlock the unexplored potential of WBG/2D heterostructures.
Gate‐Tunable Exchange Bias and Voltage‐Controlled Magnetization Switching in a van der Waals Ferromagnet
Authors: Sharma Mayank , Avedissian Garen , Skowroński Witold , Jo Junhyeon , Chuvilin Andrey , Casanova Fèlix , Gobbi Marco , Hueso Luis E.
Published: October 2024

The discovery of van der Waals magnets has established a new domain in the field of magnetism, opening novel pathways for the electrical control of magnetic properties. In this context, Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) emerges as an exemplary candidate owing to its intrinsic metallic properties, which facilitate the interplay of both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Here, the bidirectional voltage control of exchange bias (EB) effect in a perpendicularly magnetized all‐van der Waals FGT/O‐FGT/hBN heterostructure is demonstrated. The antiferromagnetic O‐FGT layer is formed by naturally oxidizing the FGT surface. The observed EB magnitude reaches 1.4 kOe with a blocking temperature (150 K) reaching close to the Curie temperature of FGT. Both the exchange field and the blocking temperature values are among the highest in the context of layered materials. The EB modulation exhibits a linear dependence on the gate voltage and its polarity, observable in both positive and negative field cooling (FC) experiments. Additionally, gate voltage‐controlled magnetization switching, highlighting the potential of FGT‐based heterostructures is demonstrated in advanced spintronic devices. These findings display a methodology to modulate the magnetism of van der Waals magnets offering new avenues for the development of high‐performance magnetic devices.
Anisotropic Laser Performance in an Optically Isotropic Crystal by Phonon Engineering
Authors: Hao Hong , Liang Fei , Fu Yu , Lu Dazhi , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: October 2024

Symmetry is an eternal motif in understanding the characteristics of nearly all the laws and courses of science. The symmetry‐breaking in the optical crystal will generate a rich variety of unprecedented physical phenomena and create new functional properties. Herein, the symmetry‐breaking in a photon–phonon collaboratively pumped laser, dominated by the anisotropic lattice vibrations is investigated. Using an optically isotropic Nd:YAG crystal as an example, the phonon‐assisted electronic transitions accompanied by anisotropic fluorescence emission are observed, beyond the intrinsic structural symmetry ruled by Neumann's principle. For the first time, the phonon‐assisted new‐wavelength lasers at 1151 and 1166 nm are achieved in Nd:YAG with divergent light polarization, determined by the vibrational direction of involved phonons. These results provide a flexible degree of freedom for photonics by phonon engineering and pave the way to new frontiers in the field of laser generation and manipulation.
1,3‐Propanediol, an Exemplary Bio‐Renewable Organic Platform Chemical
Authors: Marr Andrew C.
Published: October 2024

This opinionated review underlines the increasing production of 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) by whole cell biocatalytic fermentation of biomass and highlights how production has transitioned from petrochemicals to bio‐renewables. Current uses of 1,3‐PDO are listed. Some future prospects for evolving the current technology and expanding the chemical uses of 1,3‐PDO are discussed, with emphasis on catalytic and atom efficient chemistries. Lessons from the success of biomass derived 1,3‐PDO are noted that may be applied to other bio‐based organic platform chemicals.
Electrochemical Synthesis of 4‐Selenylated Oxazolones via Oxyselenylation of Ynamides
Authors: Cai Jinhui , Cen Kaili , Li Weishuang , Lin Hongyi , Zhang Haixia
Published: October 2024

Electrosynthesis of selenylated‐oxazolone derivatives via cascade selenylation/cyclization of ynamides was disclosed. A series of diaryl diselenides, dialkyl diselenides, and heteroaryl‐substituted ynamides was tolerated in this protocol and delivered 4‐selenyloxazolones in 28–83% yields. The scale‐up reaction and the oxidation of selenylated‐oxazolone was performed to showcase the practicability of this method. Furthermore, mechanistic experiments indicated that a cationic pathway instead of a radical pathway was probably involved.
Polymer Acceptor Copolymerized with Luminescent Unit for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Low Non‐radiative Energy Loss
Authors: Pan Yiyang , Guo Lingzhi , Jee Min Hun , Dai Guangkuo , Ge Zhongwei , Zhang Junjie , Duan Xiaopeng , Song Jiali , Li Xiaoming , Woo Han Young , Sun Yanming
Published: October 2024

Reduction of non‐radiative energy loss (ΔEnr) in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) is crucially important for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, an efficient strategy is reported to reduce the ΔEnr by introducing luminescent unit into the backbone of polymer acceptors. Compared to the device based on PM6:PYDT, the ΔEnr in all‐PSC based on PM6:PYDT‐CzP‐9 has decreased from 0.188 to 0.183 eV. This reduction is attributed to the improvement in electroluminescence external quantum efficiency (EQEEL). The PM6:PYDT‐CzP‐9 device has shown an 18% increase in EQEEL compared to the device based on PM6:PYDT (8.4 × 10−4 vs 7.1 × 10−4), demonstrating that the incorporation of luminescent unit in polymer acceptors is highly effective in enhancing the electroluminescence performance of all‐PSCs. As a result, the PM6:PYDT‐CzP‐9 device yielded a high VOC of 0.967 V, without the sacrifice of short‐circuit current density (23.42 mA cm−2) and fill factor (77.5%), leading to a high PCE of 17.55%.
Secular Trends in Physical Growth Among Peruvian Children and Adolescents Living at High Altitudes
Authors: Bustamante Alcibíades , Santos Carla , Maia José , Freitas Duarte , Garganta Rui , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Pereira Sara
Published: October 2024

Objective

We aim (1) to examine secular trends in height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) among Peruvian children and adolescents living in the city of Junín and (2) to compare their growth status with the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference data.

Methods

The sample included 2874 Peruvians (n = 1681 in the 2009 cohort and n = 1193 in the 2019 cohort) aged 6–16 years from the district of Junín (4107 m of altitude). Height, weight, and WC were measured using standardized protocols. Within each sex, a two‐way between‐subjects analysis of variance—age, and cohort as main factors and age‐by‐cohort as the interaction—was used to test for differences in height, weight, and WC. STATA 17 software was used in all statistical analyses.

Results

Height revealed a positive secular trend among girls, aged 6–11 years, and among boys up to 14 years of age. Similar positive secular trends in weight and WC were found across all age groups in both boys and girls. Compared to North American peers, children in the 2009 cohort were shorter, lighter, and had a smaller WC. For weight and WC, the 2019 cohort overlapped the 50th percentile across all age groups (except for 16‐year‐old girls).

Conclusions

Both boys' and girls' height, weight, and WC showed positive secular trends between 2009 and 2019, with statistically significant differences varying across age groups. Peruvian youth of both sexes were shorter and lighter than their North American peers.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed [3+2] annulation of Aromatic Amides with Olefins via Iminium Intermediates
Authors: Tang Zhanyong , Yao Zhenying , Yu Yueyang , Huang Jialin , Ma Xiaoqiang , Zhao Xingda , Chang Zhe , Zhao Depeng
Published: October 2024

Despite the preliminary success of transition metal‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of amides with olefins, the corresponding radical‐type [3+2] annulation remains a laborious challenge. Herein we report the first photoredox‐catalyzed radical‐type [3+2] annulation of aromatic amides with olefins. We established an approach to generate unprecedented iminium radicals by reducing the oxyiminium intermediates, formed in situ from corresponding amides with Tf2O, via photoredox catalysis. The [3+2] annulation was achieved via stepwise radical process, instead of forming linear products via other pathways as previously reported. This annulation protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, and a diversity of substrates are united under the photoredox conditions, affording iminium products that can be in situ diversified into 1‐indanones, enamines and amines. Mechanistic investigations indicate reduction of the oxyiminium intermediate to the iminium radicals by excited‐state of the photocatalyst initiates the catalytic cycle.
Orientational Compatibility Modulation of Ligands in Low‐Symmetry Multi‐Cavity Discrete Coordination Cages by Neighbouring Cage Participation
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Krishnaswamy Shobhana , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: October 2024

Complexation of Pd(II) with a designer unsymmetrical bis‐monodentate ligand (2 : 4 ratio) yielded a specific Pd2L4 type “single‐cavity discrete coordination cage” (SCDCC), from a pool of 4 isomeric structures. The observed selctivity is attributed to inherent orientational preference of the ligand strands around the metal centers. Crafting a short coordinating arm at either ends of the bis‐monodentate ligand (i.e the longer‐arm) produced a pair of unsymmetrical isomeric tris‐monodentate ligands; whereas crafting the same short‐arm at both ends of the ligand gives an unsymmetrical tetrakis‐monodentate ligand. Complexation of Pd(II) with either of the isomeric tris‐monodenate ligands (3 : 4 ratio) resulted in corresponding low‐symmetry “multi‐cavity discrete coordination cage” MCDCC having two conjoined cavities, though the inherent relative orientational preference of the longer arms is not achievable in these cages. The enforced orientation is sustained by “Neighbouring Cage Participation” (NCP). However, one‐pot combination of Pd(II), with a mixture of isomeric tris‐monodentate ligands in 3 : 2 : 2 ratio produced an integratively self‐sorted mixed‐ligated MCDCC from a pool of 31 structures. Also, mixing Pd(II) with the tetrakis‐monodentate ligand produced a MCDCC having three conjoined cavities. The inherent orientational preference of longer‐arm of the ligand strands is retained in the mixed‐ligated double‐cavity and the homo‐ligated triple cavity cages.
Construction of Slide‐Ring Polymers Based on Pillar[5]Arene/Alkyl Chain Host−Guest Interactions
Authors: Chen Liya , Liu Yang , You Wei , Wang Jiao , He Zejian , Mei Honggang , Yang Xue , Yu Wei , Li Guangfeng , Huang Feihe
Published: October 2024

Slide‐ring polymers exhibit distinctive mechanical properties, making them highly promising for applications in emerging fields such as energy storage devices and smart sensing. However, existing slide‐ring polymer systems primarily rely on hydrophilic‐hydrophobic interactions to achieve ring‐axle interlocking in aqueous phases. This reliance limits the construction of slide‐ring networks mainly to water‐soluble polymers, excluding a diverse range of lipophilic polymers. Therefore, it is crucial to introduce efficient construction strategies that facilitate interpenetration in organic solvents, enabling the development of diverse slide‐ring polymers and expanding their range and applications. Herein, by utilizing the pillar[5]arene/alkyl chain host−guest interactions, we successfully facilitated the interpenetration of a pillar[5]arene and poly(caprolactone), enabling the efficient construction of two slide‐ring polymer networks in organic solvents. One of these two slide‐ring polymers demonstrates a unique network deformation mechanism along with outstanding mechanical properties compared with the control covalently cross‐linked polymer network, including maximum stress (4.43 vs 1.98 MPa), maximum strain (1285 vs 330 %), and toughness (35.4 vs 3.92 MJ/m3). More importantly, this strategy of making slide‐ring polymers is highly versatile, given the wide range of macrocyclic arenes and alkyl chain‐containing polymers it can accommodate.
Polyurethane nanocomposites from 4‐bromo‐1H‐pyrazole‐blocked‐diisocyanates
Authors: Jana Sourita , Nithyanandam Malarvizhi , Balaji Rajeswari , Samanta Debasis , Jaisankar Sellamuthu Nagappan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we report various polyurethane nanocomposites of single‐walled carbon nanotubes using blocking–deblocking reactions. Thus, the synthesis was carried out using blocked isocyanates where, at deblocking temperature, isocyanates regenerated and reacted with polyol (PEG‐400) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to form polyurethane nanocomposites. For example, at 185°C, regenerated (deblocked) hexamethylene diisocyanates was reacted with polyethylene glycol‐400 and SWCNT to form polyurethane nanocomposites. Similarly, at 238°C, regenerated (deblocked) toluene diisocyanates was reacted with polyethylene glycol‐400 and SWCNT to form polyurethane nanocomposites. The characterization of synthesized polyurethane nanocomposites has been done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy and contact angle measurement.
Terminating heat and mass transfer: Graphite‐tailings gelatum coating for polyurethane foam with super flame retardancy and smoke suppression
Authors: Zhan Zhaoshun , Bao Tianyou , Gong Xuzhong , Liu Junhao , Wang Lei , Weng Shihan , Li Lixin , Meng Fanna
Published: October 2024

Endowing polyurethane foam with high fire resistance and smoke suppression is a persistent challenge in the combustion industry. This study introduces a graphite‐tailings and calcium‐alginate (GT@CA) gelatum coating that terminates the heat and mass transfer process in a flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) matrix with fire resistance and smoke suppression. The PUF/GT@CA‐3 composite exhibits high flame retardancy with a V‐0 rating in the vertical combustion test. Furthermore, GT@CA forms protective and char layers that terminate the heat and mass transfer during thermal degradation, the thermal stability and fire behavior of the PUF/GT@CA composites are markedly optimized. Meanwhile, the smoke production rate and total smoke production of PUF/GT@CA‐3 composite are dramatically reduced to 1.17 × 10−2 m2/s and 2.73 × 10−1 m2, respectively (81.19% and 83.26% lower than those of pure PUF, respectively). Finally, the flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of GT@CA in PUF is deduced. The GT@CA competently promotes the char forming process of the PUF matrix while fabricating an impervious protective layer. The char and protective layers on the PUF surface restrain oxygen diffusion, heat diffusion, and micromolecule volatilization processes. Hence, GT@CA is expected to expand the application range of PUF matrixes in the advanced materials field.
Falling behind again? Characterizing and assessing older adults' algorithm literacy in interactions with video recommendations
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Liu Jiqun
Published: October 2024

Algorithms play a significant role in shaping our experiences of interacting with intelligent information systems but also inherit and amplify data biases, potentially leading to unfair decisions or discriminatory outcomes. This motivates us to investigate users' algorithm literacy, which covers the awareness and knowledge of algorithms and the skills to intervene in the operations of personalization algorithms when interacting with recommendation systems. Since vulnerable groups are more likely to suffer from the negative consequences of algorithmic decision‐making, investigating algorithm literacy among such groups is critical. This study aims to examine older adults' algorithm literacy, who are often considered a vulnerable group and labeled as digital laggards in contemporary information society. The empirical evidence collected from 21 participants in in‐depth interviews and cognitive mapping studies demonstrated that almost all participants are algorithm‐aware to some extent and identified (1) three types of information and sources collected by algorithms in user understanding, (2) two paradigms of how respondents understand personalized recommendations, and (3) two sets of strategies they develop to employ algorithms for improving user experience. The findings shed light on designing human‐centered intelligent information systems for unbiased personalization and developing a more inclusive AI‐assisted society that equally benefits people of all ages.
Pregnancy and Long‐Term Postnatal Outcomes of Congenital Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Single Institution's 18‐Year Experience
Authors: Mandelbaum Ava D. , Sun Raphael C. , Kim Amanda J. H. , Sohaey Roya , Hakar Melanie , Tavoosi Saharnaz , Ward Lucy , Rincon Monica , Allen Allison J. , Dukhovny Stephanie , Chon Andrew H.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate outcomes of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) from an academic tertiary center.

Study Design

This is a retrospective study evaluating pregnancy and postnatal outcomes of fetal SCT management at a single institution between 2006 and 2023. Results are reported as median (range).

Results

Fourteen patients with fetal SCT were studied. Hydrops fetalis occurred in 2 (14.3%) cases. Pregnancy course included expectant management in 12 (85.7%) and palliative preterm induction in 1 patient (7.1%). Indications for delivering timing included fetal deterioration in 7 patients (50%), preeclampsia in 3 (21.4%), elective induction of delivery in 3 (21.4%), and preterm labor in 1 (7.1%). Delivery GA was 36.4 weeks (26.4–40.1 weeks), with 11 (78.5%) cesareans and 3 (21.4%) vaginal deliveries. There were 13 (92.9%) live births and 11 (78.6%) long‐term survivors. Postnatal resection pathology demonstrated 7 (53.8%) mature, 3 (23.1%) immature, and 3 (23.1%) malignant SCTs. Of the 11 long‐term survivors, 3 (27.3%) had teratoma recurrences, including 2 (18.2%) with metastatic disease requiring chemotherapy. Notable long‐term complications involved gastrointestinal (n = 7, 63.6%), genitourinary (n = 4, 36.4%), and musculoskeletal (n = 2, 18.2%) systems.

Conclusion

SCT confers significant morbidity to both the pregnant patient and neonate. Multidisciplinary prenatal and postnatal care is needed to comprehensively manage this complex condition.
Sociodemographic trends in special educational needs identification in Wales
Authors: Knight Cathryn , Lowthian Emily , Crick Tom , Jones Carys , Rawlings Anna , Abbasizanjani Hoda , Rees Sarah
Published: October 2024

In the context of an emerging new additional learning needs (ALN) system in Wales, this research explores who was likely to be identified with special educational needs (SEN) under the previous system. Our study reveals analysis of linked Welsh education and health data on SEN identification in learners in mainstream education settings born between 2002/3 and 2008/9. Using longitudinal multilevel modelling, we explore (i) who is likely identified with SEN and (ii) whether there is evidence of social patterning in SEN identification. We find that 48% of those born in the year 2002/3 were identified with SEN at some point during their schooling years. Furthermore, when controlling for health‐related variables, those who are identified with SEN in Wales were more likely to be male, White, from a deprived background, with lower school attendance, had not experienced breastfeeding and were born later in the academic year. Taken together, the research findings suggest that SEN identification was influenced by a child's context. The study thus underscores the critical importance of examining the relationship between socioeconomic, environmental and biological factors in SEN identification, urging for a comprehensive and cross‐organisation approach to enhance outcomes for learners with diverse needs. It also highlights the need for follow‐up research to explore unfolding trends as the new ALN system in Wales becomes fully implemented and integrated over the coming years.
Uncovering the Potential of Chalcone‐Sulfonamide Hybrids: A Systematic Review on Their Anticancer Activity and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Souza Jéssica Maria Teles , Silva Stéphanie Aguiar de Negreiros Matos , Rocha Rebeca Barbosa da , Machado Fabrício dos Santos , Marinho Filho José Delano Barreto , Araújo Ana Jérsia
Published: October 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is considered a major public health problem. Despite the significant advances in cancer research, the conventional cancer treatment approaches often lead to serious side effects that affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Thus, searching for new alternatives for cancer treatment is crucial to minimize these problems. Chalcone‐sulfonamide hybrids display a range of biological activities and have been widely investigated for their anticancer potential, being considered promising molecules for cancer treatment. This systematic review aimed to summarize the information available in the literature about the anticancer potential of chalcones‐sulfonamides in vitro and in vivo and their mechanisms of action. Our analysis demonstrated that chalcones‐sulfonamides have relevant cytotoxic potential against different cancer cell lines in vitro, especially against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT‐116. These molecules have also reduced tumor growth in vivo. Some chalcones‐sulfonamides had improved cytotoxicity after chemical modification and could become more selective or even more potent than reference chemotherapeutics. The mechanisms underlying these effects demonstrated that chalcones‐sulfonamides may lead to cell death by different pathways, predominantly via apoptosis or necroptosis. This review may encourage researchers to advance studies with chalcones‐sulfonamides, especially to elucidate their mechanisms of action, contributing to the development of new alternatives to cancer treatment.
Impacts of P4‐ATPase Deletion on Membrane Asymmetry and Disease Development
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Shuzhen , Zhang Weipu , Wang Qi , Zou Wei
Published: October 2024

Phospholipids exhibit an asymmetrical distribution on the cell membrane. P4‐ATPases, type IV lipid flippases, are responsible for establishing and maintaining this phospholipid compositional asymmetry. The essential β subunit CDC50 (also known as TMEM30) assists in the transport and proper functioning of P4‐ATPases. Deletion of P4‐ATPases and its β subunit disrupts the membrane asymmetry, impacting the growth and development and leading to various diseases affecting the nervous, skeletal muscle, digestive, and hematopoietic systems. This review discusses the crucial roles of P4‐ATPases and their β subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals, offering valuable insights for future research.
Binding Mode of Cyclic Chemerin‐9 Peptide and ChemerinS157 Protein at CMKLR1
Authors: Schermeng Tina , Liessmann Fabian , Katharina Ambrosius Carla , Meiler Jens , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G.
Published: October 2024

The chemokine‐like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) is activated by the adipokine and chemoattractant protein chemerin. Cryo‐EM structures of chemerin‐9‐CMKLR1‐Gi have been published, where chemerin‐9 is the nonapeptide of the C terminus of chemerinS157. Chemerin‐9 is as active as the full‐length protein in Ca2+‐release but shows differences in equilibrium read‐outs. An equally potent cyclic chemerin‐9 variant (cC9) was reported previously. Now, we have built a computational model of CMKLR1 to investigate the binding mode of cC9 and chemerinS157 in comparison to chemerin‐9. Differences were investigated using CMKLR1 variants. Double‐mutant cycle analysis identified CMKLR1‐F2.53 as the relevant position for Phe8‐binding of cC9. Energy contribution revealed slight differences in Phe8‐binding to CMKLR1‐F2.53 and space for larger residues. This was confirmed as the chemerin‐9 variant with 1‐naphthyl‐L‐alanine at position 8 showed a 4‐fold increased potency of 2 nM (pEC50=8.6±0.15). While chemerin‐9 and cC9 share their interactions at the CMKLR1, chemerinS157 tolerates most mutations of CMKLR1 in the deep binding site. The computational model of chemerinS157 suggests a β‐sheet interaction between the N‐terminal CMKLR1‐segment I25VVL28 and the β‐sheet D108KVLGRLVH116 of ChemS157, which was confirmed experimentally. Our data add to the knowledge by identifying the binding mode of chemerinS157 and cC9 at CMKLR1, facilitating the future structure‐based drug design.
“Single‐cell multimodal chromatin profiles revealing epigenetic regulations of cells in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Beck Samuel
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its increasing prevalence globally, is emerging as a major health challenge. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells exhibit both significant homogeneity and heterogeneity, governed by complex epigenomic regulations. Recently, numerous single‐cell unimodal techniques have been used to study HCC at various levelswhich have already revealed a complex interplay at genomic, transcriptomic, spatial and epigenomic levels. However, the use of single‐cell multimodal techniques combining different unimodal layers in HCC remains quite limited, necessitating further studies focusing on these methods to uncover novel markers, and mechanisms at epigenetic levels. In this commentary, we highlight how integrating multimodal approaches with epigenetic modifications can provide new insights into HCC and foster future therapeutic advancements.
New S‐substituted‐3‐phenyltetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one scaffold with promising anticancer activity profile through the regulation and inhibition of mutated B‐RAF signaling pathway
Authors: Seif Safaa E. , Wardakhan Wagnat W. , Hassan Rasha A. , Abdou Amr M. , Mahmoud Zeinab
Published: October 2024

Novel 3‐phenyltetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and screened for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. Derivatives 5b, 5f, and 9c showed significant antitumor activity at a single dose with mean growth inhibition of 55.62%, 55.79%, and 71.40%, respectively. These compounds were further investigated against HCT‐116, colon cancer cell line, and FHC, normal colon cell line. Compound 9c showed the highest activity with IC50 = 0.904 ± 0.03 µM and SI = 20.42 excelling doxorubicin which scored IC50 = 2.556 ± 0.09 µM and SI = 6.19. Compound 9c was also the most potent against B‐RAFWT and mutated B‐RAFV600E with IC50 = 0.145 ± 0.005 and 0.042 ± 0.002 µM, respectively in comparison with vemurafenib with IC50 = 0.229 ± 0.008 and 0.038 ± 0.001 µM, respectively. The cell cycle analysis showed that 9c increased the cell population and induced an arrest in the cell cycle of HCT‐116 cancer cells at the G0‐G1 stage with 1.23‐fold. Apoptosis evaluation showed that compound 9c displayed an 18.18‐fold elevation in total apoptosis of HCT‐116 cancer cells in comparison to the control. Compound 9c increased the content of caspase‐3 by 3.52‐fold versus the control. A molecular modeling study determined the binding profile and interaction of 9c with the B‐RAF active site.
How Do Different Growth Forms of Winter Submerged Macrophytes Species Respond to Underwater Light Quality in a Mesocosm Study?
Authors: Lin Xiaowen , Wu Xiaodong , Ge Xuguang , Zhong Chenxin , Xiang Zian , Yao Ye , Zhang Lishuai , Li Sizhuo
Published: October 2024

Underwater light is a key factor that affects the growth of submerged macrophytes. However, the responses of different growth forms of submerged macrophytes to light quality remain unclear. The morphological, physiological, photosynthetic, and stoichiometric responses of erect Potamogeton crispus (P. crispus) and low‐canopy Elodea nuttallii (E. nuttallii) to six different light qualities (white light, R/B = 1:8, 1: 4, 1:1, 4:1, 8:1) were studied by a control experiment. (1) No significant differences were observed in the germination number, leaf length, and leaf width of P. crispus under different light qualities (p > 0.05). Both P. crispus and E. nuttallii produced greater plant heights, more leaves and branches under more red light (4:1, 8:1), which was beneficial for the extension of leaves. Under white light, the germination number of P. crispus, adventitious roots of E. nuttallii, and branch number of P. crispus and E. nuttallii were the lowest. (2) Compared to red light, more blue light (1:4, 1:8) was more conducive to the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. However, excessive blue and red light was not conducive to the accumulation of pigments. The result of malondialdehyde showed that the physiological stress induced by blue light in P. crispus and E. nuttallii was stronger. (3) The N:P, C:N, and C:P ratios of P. crispus and E. nuttallii were higher under more red light, which was beneficial for the synthesis of nutrients in two submerged macrophy; however, the contents of TN and TP in E. nuttallii were higher under more blue light. Two different growth forms of submerged macrophytes grew better under red light, and better adapted to the eutrophic water dominated by red light. However, for aquatic restoration, other submerged macrophytes need to be supplemented after the water quality is improved.
Decadal Changes in Population Structures of Rare Oak Species Quercus chungii
Authors: Zhong Xueer , Li Wenbin , Li Zhenji , Huang Yonghui , Chen Xinfeng , Huang Lihan , Wang Ya , Chen Yuxin
Published: October 2024

Quercus chungii, a rare and endangered endemic tree species, is found exclusively in subtropical regions of China. Understanding the population structure and temporal dynamics of Q. chungii is pivotal for effective conservation and restoration of its populations and associated ecosystems. However, large knowledge gaps remain about its population structure and temporal change and its key demographic rates across size classes. In this study, we investigated the population structures of Q. chungii in 2013 and 2023 in a nature reserve specifically established to better conserve this species and its associated ecosystems. We found that Q. chungii increased in its overall abundance and tree size in the past decade, suggesting active regeneration and a rapid growth rate for this species and the effectiveness of past conservation efforts. The age structure in 2023 showed a pyramid shape, with a sharp decline in the numbers of individuals from germinated seeds to seedlings and from seedlings to saplings. These led to the low numbers of seedlings and saplings and high age‐specific death probabilities at the early developmental stages. These results indicated potential risks of future population decline. These risks may have already manifested over the past decade, as a high mortality rate during the seedling‐to‐sapling transition could be one of the primary reasons contributing to the decreased proportion of saplings in 2023 compared to 2013. We propose that future studies may benefit from in‐depth studies on the regeneration processes of Q. chungii by considering seed predation and germination under changing climate. This study improves the prediction of population development of Q. chungii, thereby offering theoretical guidance essential for its conservation.
A Chromium Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted 1,3,5‐Triazines and Pyrimidines by Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Feng Baojin , Yue Wantong , Wei Dongyue , Chen Qing , Liu Chuanqi , Wang Xiaoqian , Wang Yilei , Peng Zhihua
Published: October 2024

A novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis of 2,4,6‐triaryl‐1,3,5‐triazines and 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyrimidines from amidines and alcohols has been established. Using an Earth‐abundant and air‐stable chromium salt catalyst and a phosphine‐free ligand, the developed Cr‐catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling provides 1,3,5‐triazines and pyrimidines with high yields and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the synthetic value of this operationally simple protocol was demonstrated by gram‐scale experiment and the synthesis of the linker to construct various supramolecular complexes.
Optimization strategy of triboelectric nanogenerators for high humidity environment service performance
Authors: Yin Xichen , Chen Zhou , Chen Hui , Wang Qing , Chen Qian , Wang Cheng , Ye Chaoyue
Published: October 2024

With triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) introduced in 2012, they have emerged in the fields of flexible wearable electronics, portable energy, Internet of Things (IoTs), and biomedicine by virtue of their lightweight, high‐energy conversion, low cost, and material selectivity. However, as the application areas of TENGs increase, ambient humidity and human movement generate sweat and moisture that can lead to a decrease in output, so exploring how TENGs operate in high humidity environments is critical to their long‐term development. In this paper, different strategies are introduced to enhance TENGs in high humidity environments, such as encapsulation, construction of hydrophobic/superhydrophobic surfaces, and hydrogen bonding enhancement, and discuss the applications of humidity‐resistant TENGs in fields such as self‐powered sensors, energy harvesters, and motions, and so forth. Finally, we explore the future directions and routes for the development of humidity‐resistant TENGs.

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Recovery of electrical power from exhaust air—role of vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Banerjee Soumyadip , Maity Tanmoy
Published: October 2024

This article explores the potential of regeneration of power from unnatural wind sources with the help of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). Researchers are searching for urban as well as industrial wind sources, which can be useful as the natural wind source to obtain electrical energy and utilize it. The wind sources considered here are the exhaust of the cooling or ventilation fans used in buildings, industries, and other places. The Darrieus VAWT extracts wind power from the exhaust air and reduces the power consumption of the concerned electrical drives. These uncommon energy sources have an inherent capability to recover a significant amount of energy without polluting the environment with less payback period. Recovered energy can be suitably converted into electrical energy and may be fed back to the power grid without any pollution, thus minimizing the total energy consumption of the building and reducing the cost operations. A detailed study of experimental models with different types of assembly and turbine models is conducted here with power outputs and operational behaviors on the existing systems. Various parameters and factors for existing and new applications are in detail that show the system has no negative impact on regular operation.
Bonding and parent‐child quality of interaction in parents with eating disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Martini Maria Giulia , Yim See Heng , Eisler Ivan , Micali Nadia , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: October 2024

Objective

To summarise existing evidence on bonding and parent‐child quality of interaction in parents with eating disorder (ED).

Methods

A scoping review was conducted. Seven databases (PsycInfo, Embase, Medline, Pubmed, OpenGrey, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were examined and studies exploring research into bonding and quality of interaction in parents with ED were included.

Results

Seventeen quantitative studies were included in the review. Reviewed literature suggests that parents with ED tend to be more intrusive, may exhibit more negative expressed emotions and may be involved in higher levels of mealtime conflicts during mealtimes. Additionally, they may be less sensitive and may offer less structured in non‐feeding interactions. Children of parents with ED may have a more difficult temperament, may display greater internalisation and externalisation problems, may be less responsive to their parents and exhibit more behavioural difficulties.

Conclusion

Overall, we found that parents with ED are more likely to have difficulties during interactions with children, compared with controls, both in feeding and non‐feeding contexts which might impact children's mental health. Proposals for future research are suggested to enhance our understanding of the intergenerational transmission of ED, holding the potential to pinpoint therapeutic and preventative targets for both parents with ED and their children.
Effect of Tapioca and Tragacanth based edible coatings on the physiological, chemical, microbial, and phytochemical quality of Tomato fruits
Authors: Fatima Haya , Ainee Ammara , Kausar Tusneem , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Hussain Ashiq , Raza Muhammad Siddique , Sidrah  , Bibi Barira , Ayesha Amina , Arif Muhammad Rehan , Zia Muhammad , Firdous Nida , Elkhedir Abdeen Elsiddig
Published: October 2024

In recent years, edible coatings have emerged as a promising solution to extend the shelf life, and maintain the quality of fruits and vegetables. The purpose of the study was the development and application of gum Tragacanth and Tapioca‐based edible coatings to extend the storability and quality of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L). Different treatments were prepared with combinations of Tragacanth gum (0.5, 1, 1.5 g) and Tapioca (1, 1.5, 2 g). Parameters such as weight loss, sugars, decay percentage, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, antioxidant capacity, phenolic and flavonoid contents, microbial counts, and sensory evaluation were measured during 14 days storage. Results revealed that the application of gum Tragacanth and Tapioca‐based coatings significantly reduced weight loss, decay percentage, and microbial counts of treated tomatoes as compared to the control group. The coated tomatoes exhibited improved sensory features, with a slower rate of softening, during the storage. There was a significant increment in total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of coated fruits during 7 days of storage. The observed improvements in the postharvest quality attributes suggest that the gum Tragacanth and Tapioca‐based edible coatings have the potential to retain and enhance the nutritional and bioactive contents and shelf life of tomato.
Strategic Energy Management in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: A Prognostic Perspective on Dual Energy Source Degradation
Authors: Sun Nannan , Li Xintong , Xi Fuqiang , Shen Xuesong , Cheng Xiaoxian , Liu Haitao , Zhang Jing , Meng Jianwen , Yue Meiling
Published: October 2024

Fuel cell technology is a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engines in various applications, especially in transportation applications. This paper proposes a framework of strategic energy management for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), which is developed to safeguard the dual vehicle energy sources, that is, fuel cells and power batteries. This is accomplished by applying an energy management strategy (EMS) from a prognostic perspective. A fuzzy energy management approach is used to manage the power flow in the FCEV, enabling safe and predefined operation at multiple degradation points. To guarantee reliable and continuous energy source functioning, prognostics algorithms are incorporated into the EMS to identify energy source degradation. The prediction results are integrated into the controller by refining the controller parameters geometrically. Simulation outcomes show that the proposed EMS offers efficient use the dual energy sources, which improves the durability of the energy sources.
Aminated ZIF‐8 to facilitate CO2 sieving through polyvinyl alcohol/ionic liquid membranes
Authors: Hong Chia‐Huey , Leo Choe Peng , Ahmad Nor Naimah Rosyadah , Ahmad Abul Latif
Published: October 2024

CO2 separation technology at low pressure is most desirable in carbon capture projects to mitigate global warming. Facilitated transport membranes offer selective and effective CO2 permeation using a wide range of carbon carriers at low pressure. Porous fillers were recently included as they can carry abundant fixed carriers besides offering open channels for CO2 permeation. This study investigates the effects of amine‐modified zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) with well‐defined micropores and gas sieving ability in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes containing an ionic liquid that worked as mobile carriers. The effects of amine‐modified ZIF‐8 and silica nanoparticles on membrane properties and separation performance were also compared. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the incorporation of ZIF‐8, secondary amine, IL anions, and silica nanoparticles in PVA membranes. Energy dispersive analysis showed the good dispersion of inorganic fillers. The amine‐modified silica nanoparticles resulted in higher thermal stability compared to the amine‐modified ZIF‐8 in PVA membranes containing [bmin][Ac] ionic liquid, as shown in the thermogravimetric analysis. However, the CO2 separation performance of PVA membranes containing [bmim][Ac] ionic liquid was improved more significantly by the amine‐modified ZIF‐8 with microporous structure. A CO2/N2 ideal selectivity of 85.65 and CO2 permeance up to 4,502.91 GPU were attained. Unlike the CO2/N2 ideal selectivity, the CO2 permeance was not significantly affected either using [bmin][Ac] or [bmin][BF4]. The humid gas greatly enhanced the CO2 permeance without much changes in the CO2/N2 ideal selectivity due to the promotion of facilitated transport. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mediating Effect of Physical Performance on Physical Activity and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Rural China
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Cao Yingjuan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To investigate the intermediary role of physical performance in the association between physical activity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), residing in rural areas.

Methods

This study employed a random sampling method to select 316 patients aged 65 years and older, all diagnosed with T2DM, from 24 different rural areas in China. The relationships between physical activity, physical performance, and MCI were analyzed using a logistic regression model, and the proposed mediation model was validated through bootstrap test.

Results

In this study, the prevalence of MCI in the rural‐based older adults with T2DM was 53.48%. A significant correlation was observed between the levels of physical activity and physical performance. Moreover, diminished physical performance was positively correlated with an increased propensity for MCI, even after adjusting for relevant covariates. Physical performance was discerned to exert a partial mediating influence on the relationship between physical activity and MCI.

Conclusions

The empirical evidence generated by this study posits that the impact of physical activity on MCI is partially mediated through physical performance in an aging population with T2DM residing in rural environments. Consequently, interventional strategies aimed at ameliorating physical performance may serve as a viable approach to mitigate the progression of cognitive decline.