bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sri Lanka: Moral Focus and a Stalking Cat
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter moves the investigation into mindfulness to Sri Lanka, where the tradition of Theravāda Buddhism emerged over two thousand years ago. After a visit to the ancient site of Anuradhapura, the author turns to the mindfulness practices of people in and around the city of Kandy. The chapter examines the focus of mindfulness in monks’ experiences at the Sri Lankan International Buddhist Institute and other monasteries in the area; the academic and supernatural powers of mindfulness in the minds of students at the University of Peradeniya; and the promises and purposes of mindfulness at the psychiatric unit at the Kandy General Hospital. It ends with a discussion of how psychiatrists and others make sense of mindfulness in a religiously heterogeneous culture, and how the Buddhist renderings of sati is thought to be applicable in other religious contexts.
Are There Really Any Accidents?
Authors: Karmel Jonathan D.
Published: March 2019

The final chapter adds the all important prescription that making workers safer requires more than new regulations and other needed reforms already discussed. It requires a change in the narrative that workers are injured and killed at work from accidents. The workers' deaths and injuries told from the stories were not unforeseen and unexpected. They were the consequence of known and foreseeable workplace hazards. In the end, refusing to call workplace deaths and injuries accidents is a final important step to the awareness that is necessary to demand meaningful change in workplace protections for American workers.
Bird Feeding Matters Even More Now
Authors: Jones Darryl
Published: March 2019

The popularity of bird feeding continuous to grow, enabling large numbers of people to see and enjoy the present of wild creatures in the own gardens. Such intimate encounters may represent a profoundly important way for an increasingly urbanized global population to connect with nature, with many possible benefits for human wellbeing. The book concludes that wild bird feeding is fundamentally for people.
The Foundation
Authors: Shannon Matthew K.
Published: March 2019

This chapter analyses the efforts by the U.S. government and non-governmental organizations to establish educational programs and networks for Iranian students. It demonstrates how, on the one hand, Iranians who studied and received training in the United States were enmeshed in a transnational web of conflicting interests, torn between their concerns about Iran’s vanishing democracy and the economic development of their country. On the other hand, American proponents of international education were caught between an intensifying Iranian nationalism and Washington’s security interests in the Persian Gulf region.
The Reckoning
Authors: Shannon Matthew K.
Published: March 2019

This chapter argues that human rights delegitimized the shah’s approach to development, led a wide range of Americans to question their government’s support for the Pahlavi state, and contributed to the Iranian Revolution. Years before the revolution, by the mid-1970s, the arguments of anti-shah Iranian students and their American allies won out over the shah’s. Because of Iranian student organizing overseas, political issues such as physical and psychological torture, freedoms of speech and movement, and protection of individuals against excessive state power emerged as the defining characteristics of the third and most expansive manifestation of the rights-based critique of the Pahlavi state: universal human rights.
Angolanidade
Authors: Schubert Jon
Published: March 2019

Through the unstable, contested notion of Angolanness (angolanidade), this chapter explores the complex interplay of race, ethnicity, class, and nationality in contemporary Angola — all unresolved issues that remain a political taboo and potent identitary discourses. However, the idiom of race is part of the popular political imaginary of the sistema: people in Luanda often perceive their ruling class as strangers, and denounce them as a foreign elite that is disconnected from the realities of the people. And yet, ‘Africanness’ is not simply the op-positional discourse to the MPLA’s hegemonic vision of multiracial angolanidade. Because race and class are intimately intertwined, people shift in and out of different categories situationally, i.e. even if they might denounce the ruling elite as foreign, they also endorse and reproduce a fundamentally urban, anti-indigenous project of ‘civilised’ modernity.
Cunhas
Authors: Schubert Jon
Published: March 2019

This chapter looks at practices of situative kinship in everyday interactions between citizens and agents of the state, and the ideas of power and hierarchy expressed in these practices. This reveals the tensions between what people see as the real functioning of society, and their perspectives on how society should work. However, the idea of kinship an oppositional discourse must be complicated through the exploration of the everyday practice of mobilising cunhas (personal connections) for one’s own purposes. Exploring these cunhas — based on intimate knowledge of Luandan family networks — allows us to trace the multiple linkages between state and society, combine in the analysis social strata commonly studied separately, and complicate any overly simplistic notions of nepotism and corruption.
A Culture of Immediatism
Authors: Schubert Jon
Published: March 2019

This chapter looks at the desires produced by Angola’s oil wealth and analyses the material and symbolic effects of the post-war economic boom on the lives of Luandans. It does so by exploring the often-cited emic notion of a ‘culture of immediatism’ to show how the dynamics of economic growth and the commodification of politics are perceived and utilized by the population. Contrary to popular interpretation the idea that regime critics are simply ‘co-opted’ falls short; instead, the chapter demonstrates how these processes are much more ambiguous, fluid and reciprocal, and represent avenues for agency and strategies for upward mobility, thereby complicating ideas of ‘corruption’ and balancing the standard ‘clientelist’ account of contemporary Angola
Trading Away Our Health
Authors: Quigley Fran
Published: March 2019

The history of medicines shows they have long been treated as a public good, off limits for patent monopolies. Medicine patents are artificial, recent, and government-created. Now, the U.S. and Big Pharma use trade agreements to play the bully in extending patents, harming patients in poorer countries.
A New World
Authors: Mëhilli Elidor
Published: March 2019

The introduction gives an outline of the book’s argument for socialism as a form of globalization and its overall scholarly contribution. It explains the typical chronology of Stalinism, and why this book adopts a broader lens. It also captures the importance of political breaks in socialism — like the Sino-Soviet break in the 1960s — but without neglecting continuities and forms of transnational exchange. Offering contextual background, the introduction explains why Albania is a good setting for a study of this scope. Finally, the introduction provides a roadmap to the book.
Socialism as Exchange
Authors: Mëhilli Elidor
Published: March 2019

This chapter conceives of socialism as interactions and comparisons that go beyond the Soviet Union. After all, socialism was more than any one country’s past and present. The chapter traces technical exchanges between East German, Czechoslovak, Hungarian, and Albanian engineers, economists, geologists, and planners throughout the 1950s. How could a pre-industrial country fit into a more integrated socialist economic space? Who got to determine the terms of exchange? The analysis takes seriously efforts within the Council for Mutual Economic Aid, set up to forge a socialist economic order, but it also considers the persistence of bilateral and informal arrangements.
Mud and Concrete
Authors: Mëhilli Elidor
Published: March 2019

Albania’s push for planning took on the qualities of an epochal transformation. But a big problem was that it had no professional city planners. Brand new Soviet-financed plants and workshops rose, but the cities still looked pre-socialist. Urban planning had to be invented. This chapter shows how a socialist material culture came about through improvisation, by focusing on the problem of city planning in a largely agrarian country. It turned out that socialist city planning relied on the adoption of technical solutions from the much-denounced capitalist West. The country borrowed construction technology from the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, and these countries, in turn, also borrowed from France, Germany, and Scandinavia. Prefabrication became the socialist buzzword of the late 1950s. Materially, socialism helped produce uniformity on a mass scale. Politically, the socialist world was plagued by disagreements.
Introduction
Authors: Figlerowicz Marta
Published: March 2019

The introduction lays out this book’s methodology and main thesis. Spaces of Feeling takes modernist poems and novels as illustrations of an attitude toward affective awareness that has become lost from contemporary conversations about affect. By engaging with critics such as Lauren Berlant, Charles Altieri, Sianne Ngai, and Brian Massumi, as well as moral philosophers such as Martha Nussbaum, it also highlights reasons why this attitude should, once more, become important to us.
Living Room
Authors: Figlerowicz Marta
Published: March 2019

The second chapter, “Living Room,” examines Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night. It follows Woolf’s and Fitzgerald’s affectively confused protagonists through social settings in which a clarifying audience is sometimes present: another person’s word or gestures sometimes inadvertently assuages their confusions. The contingency of these moments of elucidation drives their protagonists to frustration and even despair. It also makes them over-idealize these random encounters as forms of deep connection and empathy that both novelists ironize. By contrasting these representations of affect against the work of Brian Massumi, the chapter shows why these anxieties over affective self-awareness are more philosophically significant than Massumi allows.
Bedroom
Authors: Figlerowicz Marta
Published: March 2019

“Bedroom” describes representations of supposed cognitive autonomy, through self-seclusion, in the novels of Marcel Proust and James Baldwin. The protagonists of Proust’s and Baldwin’s novels retreat from forms of uncertain dependence such as the ones explored by Woolf and Fitzgerald into ever smaller and secluded physical spaces. Only in such spaces does their sense of themselves seem autonomous and complete. Both novelists affirm the value of the insights their characters gain in such constrained settings; yet they also highlight the difficulty with which such insights can be brought back into a larger, more dispersed social sphere. Sianne Ngai’s notion of ‘minor affects’ provides this chapter with a model for the paradoxical sense of completeness and untranslatability to which these represented forms of affective introspection give rise.
Film and Visual Culture: The Early Showa Era, Historical Contexts, and Narrative Frameworks
Authors: Hori Hikari
Published: March 2019

The introductory chapter clarifies the goal of the book, which is to question the monolithic understanding of wartime film and to focus on the complexities and contradictions of national identity formation of cultural texts in this period. The chapter begins by providing a brief summary of the era’s film industry. Then, it introduces the state of research of wartime Japanese film studies through an examination of the definition of ‘national policy film’ or kokusaku eiga. Finally, it underlines the significance of interdisciplinary and relational approaches to wartime Japanese film by discussing the methodologies and narratives of other national film histories that have informed this project. (105 words)
Introduction
Authors: Reich Simon , Dombrowski Peter
Published: March 2019

This introductory chapter lays out the central puzzle of the book: why do so many academics and policymakers advocate a specific form of grand strategy when the evidence drawn from military operations suggest that it is impossible to pursue a ‘one-size fits all’ strategy? We use a personal example, drawing on the experience of one of the authors (Dombrowski) to illustrate operational limitations. We argue that America faces a novel geostrategic environment, with notably new threats, actors, and forms of conflict. When these are combined with the more traditional problems inherent in the design and implementation of policy, outcomes are often unanticipated and sometimes perverse – ensuring that American grand strategy is less than the sum of its parts. In response, America pursues all six major variants of grand strategy simultaneously. We justify the selection of the US Navy and sea services in the book.
Playing a Follow-the-Leader Strategy on the High Seas
Authors: Reich Simon , Dombrowski Peter
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines an area of policy neglected in the IR literature- that of the form and role of multilateral military exercises, in this case in the Indo-Pacific. The chapter begins with a vignette about the world’s largest - the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise - in which the Chinese both participate while simultaneously spying on it, with the knowledge of the US who organize the event. The central point of the chapter is to demonstrate how the United States pursues a liberal strategy of leadership in a variety of exercises across the Indo-Pacific.
Pirates, Terrorists, and Formal Sponsorship
Authors: Reich Simon , Dombrowski Peter
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines the US strategy of formal sponsorship in the multilateral anti-piracy campaign off the Somalian coast and in the Gulf of the Aden. It begins with a famous vignette – the rescue of Captain Phillips from pirates depicted in the movie of the same name. The objective of the chapter is to describe and explain why successive American presidents have pursued a bipartisan policy of supporting multilateral naval operations in the region without assuming a leadership position. It discusses the American operational role in the provision of communications platforms, logistics and patrolling vessels – and the US’ contribution to a very successful campaign on the high seas with a variety of EU, NATO and “independent” partners.
A Lawyers’ War
Authors: Drohan Brian
Published: March 2019

Chapter one analyzes how Greek Cypriot lawyers from the Cyprus Bar Council attempted to restrain British actions during the Cyprus Emergency. In line with other post-war counterinsurgencies, colonial governor John Harding enacted strict emergency regulations designed to facilitate counterinsurgency operations by restricting the population rather than the security forces. In response, Greek Cypriot lawyers contested this legislation by lobbying colonial officials and British politicians—with help from British lawyers such as Peter Benenson—to limit repressive regulations; defending accused insurgents in court; and documenting British abuses—including torture during interrogation. By challenging the extent and applicability of emergency laws, Greek Cypriot lawyers forced British officials to defend Britain’s reputation in public.
From the Colonial to the Contemporary
Authors: Drohan Brian
Published: March 2019

The conclusion begins by surveying the legacies of human rights activism during the Northern Ireland Troubles and reviews the book’s arguments regarding the Cyprus and Aden emergencies. Next, this section asserts that the consistent pattern of thwarting activism and the frequent circulation of officials from one campaign to the next suggests that, like torture, the ability to hide abuses from public scrutiny emerged as a key, but unspoken, element of British counterinsurgency during the era of decolonization. Finally, the conclusion addresses the contemporary relationship between counterinsurgency warfare and human rights—including the influence of the UK Human Rights Act and the importance of strategic narratives—during conflicts associated with the post-9/11 “war on terror” in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Work Society
Authors: Chamberlain James A.
Published: March 2019

This chapter argues that the work society operates on the basis of an individualist social ontology that needs a mechanism like that of paid work to bring individuals together in social order and harmony. It further argues that what makes work a particularly appealing mechanism for this purpose is the common tendency to view society or civilization as a whole as the product of work. To put the argument bluntly, the good citizen is a worker because society itself is commonly understood, as John Rawls famously put it, as “a cooperative venture for mutual advantage.”
Community beyond Work
Authors: Chamberlain James A.
Published: March 2019

This chapter sketches the outlines of the post-work community through a critical reading of Gorz and Hardt and Negri. All three share a commitment to the UBI, and also see in contemporary capitalism openings for radical transformation. Yet the specter of the work society haunts them, specifically in their view of community as constructed by work. We therefore need to think community distinctly from work or cooperation. Jean-Luc Nancy, and specifically his concept of the inoperative community offers key guidance. In place of a community based on work, Nancy proposes the “communionless communism of singular beings,” which takes place “in the unworking and as the unworking of all its works.”
Local and Regional Sectarian Narratives
Authors: Sayej Caroleen Marji
Published: March 2019

This chapter challenges the narrative that conflict in Iraq was sectarian in nature. Conflict was the product of local and regional sectarian narratives that dominated the Iraqi landscape, and helped to justify the violence on the ground. The ayatollahs tackled this rhetoric head on. They rejected both the sectarian interpretation of Iraqi history and its implications for Iraq’s present and future. They appealed to pan-Iraqi unity and nationalism. They worked hard to undo the narrative that held Iraq to be a “patchwork” of incommensurable groups. They instead offered a counter-narrative of unity and harmony and issued decrees about the harm of communal violence. Most importantly, the ayatollahs wrote extensively about the need for a centralized state and a redefinition of citizenship away from sectarian notions. This chapter focuses on the writings of Ayatollahs Sistani, Saeed al-Hakim and Muhammad Ishaq al-Fayyad.
Paradox of Europeanness
Authors: Dzenovska Dace
Published: March 2019

The introductory chapter outlines the argument of the book by drawing on the first publicly debated refugee case in Latvia. It traces two public positions that emerged in relation to the case: one representing openness to difference associated with political liberalism and the other refusal of difference associated with nationalism. The chapter argues that both positions enact and defend particular regimes of inclusion and exclusion. Their emergence as morally and politically opposed positions in the context of postsocialist democratization and European integration in Latvia points to a tension that characterizes the contemporary European political and moral landscape, namely the imperative to profess and institutionalize the values of inclusion and openness while at the same time practicing—and also institutionalizing—exclusion and closure. For Latvians, then, becoming European after socialism meant learning to live inclusion and exclusion the European way. It meant learning to live the paradox of Europeanness.
Knowing Subjects and Partial Understandings
Authors: Dzenovska Dace
Published: March 2019

Chapter 3 analyzes attempts to introduce and institutionalize tolerance as a liberal political virtue defined primarily in terms of accepting inconsequential ethnic and racial diversity in a polity built on consequential ethno-national difference. Many Latvians refused this civilizational lesson, partly because they considered that it did not address the fundamental issues of concern to them. This, in turn, prompted the tolerance workers to redefine the problem of intolerance as a problem of not recognizing the problem of intolerance. Thereafter, tolerance workers engaged in extensive efforts to convince the Latvian public of the existence of the problem of intolerance through a variety of diagnostic exercises, which not only identified the problem of intolerance, but also its causes, such as lack of critical thinking among Latvia’s residents.
Language Sacred and Language Injurious
Authors: Dzenovska Dace
Published: March 2019

Chapter 5 turns to language as the primary area of tolerance work and shows that learning the liberal virtue of tolerance also required adapting new language ideologies, ones that viewed words as doing rather than expressing things. But just as language was the most obvious area of tolerance work, it was also the most sacred national attribute thought to have been abused by the Soviet nationalities policy and therefore the most contested political issue for the national state. Thus, while tolerance workers tried to convince Latvians to drop certain words, such as žīds and nēģeris, Latvians resisted by suggesting that these words only appear as injurious from a foreign perspective. At the same time, the Latvian state tried to discipline unruly Russian-speakers into learning and speaking Latvian. Struggles over language illustrate the intersection of multilayered histories and ethical-political claims in arguments about tolerance.
Desperate Times, Desperate Measures
Authors: MacDonald Paul K. , Parent Joseph M.
Published: March 2019

This chapter reviews the literature and lays out the debate on decline. It divides the rival views into two main camps: preventive war and domestic dysfunction. For preventive war theorists, who include power transition and hegemonic stability theorists, there are strong international incentives for falling states to stave off their declines through aggressive or inflexible policies that culminate in war. For scholars of domestic dysfunction, decentralization, paralysis, or hijacking by special interests are likely to block prompt and proportionate strategic adjustment. This chapter questions the logic and evidence of each.
Studies in Revival
Authors: MacDonald Paul K. , Parent Joseph M.
Published: March 2019

This chapter surveys how the case comparisons were selected and how they throw new light on well known histories of declining states. We compare pairs of states falling at similar rates but responding slightly differently. The small decliners are 1872 and 1908 Great Britain; the medium decliners are 1888 Russia and 1893 France; the large decliners are 1908 Russia and 1925 France.
Neoliberalism, Neocorporatism, and Worker Representation
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 1 lays out the book’s theoretical framework. Accepting the claim that Israel is a neoliberalizing society, it asserts labor’s agency and its potential to thwart neoliberalism as part of a struggle taking place on the ideological or symbolic level too. It then proposes neocorporatism as a useful conceptual approach, and links this to union revitalization and concepts of power. These theoretical terms and concepts are used to anchor the three “spheres” of union activity which structure the book: union democracy, or workers’ relationship to their representative organization; the balance of power between labor and capital, and the way the potential clash of interests between them is viewed and played out; and the relationship of labor to the political establishment and wider political community. Finally, a short coda explains the research process and approach that led to the book.
The Corrupt Old Structures
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 3 continues the empirically-rich analysis of recent labor campaigns and organizations, particularly the new journalists’ union, the railway workers and the Israeli Medical Association, to discuss the way workers perceive existing representative organizations and negotiate levels of autonomy. The chapter asserts that as workers consider various frameworks to channel grassroots activism, they have been compelled to cope with the contradictions and dilemmas which stem from perceptions of Histadrut corruption. Koach Laovdim, which nurtures its democratic credentials, has been the main beneficiary. In addition, the chapter suggests that the doctors’ strike, while apparently successful, also reflects the fragmentation of representation and the decline of the union’s legitimacy.
Taking the Struggle beyond the Workplace
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 4 suggests that workers in many recent campaigns aim to take the struggle beyond the workplace, to influence State policies and involve the public, to underline the connection between employment and broader social concerns. Thus some worker struggles become a focus for opposition to neoliberal policies, particularly privatization and outsourcing which labor activists believe negatively affect both employment terms and public services. However, the chapter also asserts that neoliberalization affects different sectors in different ways: in some, like the health sector, workers can benefit from such policies and indeed, the doctors’ strike should not be seen as opposing liberalization or privatization in this sector.
Concluding Remarks to Part 1
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 6 summarizes the chapters which addressed the first sphere, union democracy or the relationship between workers and their representative organization. Noting the confused picture created by the in-depth analysis of recent labor campaigns, the chapter emphasizes a common desire to act: workers are drawing on various resources including what remains of the old structures to make their voices heard and influence their trade union and workplace – and possibly beyond their workplace too. This bears the signs of union revitalization but the chapter asserts that recent labor campaigns should be seen more broadly as the renegotiation of union democracy and the emergence of a kind of activism among workers that had never existed in the context of a Histadrut-dominated neocorporatism – an activism which, in a break with most of Israel’s labor history, has grown from the bottom up.
The Institutional Struggle
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 9 continues the investigation into the labor-capital balance of power, addressing the third of the three planes of struggle, that of institutional struggle. Focusing on the labor courts in a historical context, the chapter asserts that the courts are on the defensive, accused of being too “biased” in labor’s favor, as too “ideological” in contrast to the Finance Ministry’s “objective expertise”. It argues that attempts to limit the labor courts’ power act de facto to undermine collective labor relations. The labor courts, then, are on the front line of attempts to undermine organized labor by weakening the institutions and frameworks within which it operates.
Concluding Remarks to Part 2
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 10 summarizes the chapters which addressed the second sphere, the labor-capital balance of power, and asserts that the challenge to labor’s privileged position in the neocorporatist labor relations regime is an important element in the shift of power away from organized labor and towards capital. Indeed, the concept of a balance of power has become paramount, and the idea of labor being a priori weaker than capital has been rejected. In an economy which exalts competition and the entrepreneurial individual, organized labor is attacked as a monopoly, akin to monopoly firms. It has had some success in workplace struggles, but its capacity to influence attitudes and create an ideological climate favorable to unionizing has been greatly weakened: it is not just struggling against capital in the workplace, but coping with a fundamental shift in the way organized labor is perceived and being construed.
Labor Representation outside Union Structures
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

The first of five chapters which address the third sphere, organized labor’s relationship to the wider political community, Chapter 11 explores the development of labor representation outside classic union structures. Following the weakening of organized labor’s links to political parties and the influx of groups of workers who have no historical ties with the political establishment and in some cases are not even citizens, workers are finding new ways of bringing their demands into the political arena. The chapter focuses on the Workers Advice Center which made a partially-successful move from NGO to classic union, and on Kav Laoved, a workers’ rights organization. It suggests that such organizations reflect a change in the nature of labor representation as elected representatives are replaced by “experts in the field” and a focus on advancing case law through targeted legal struggle and lobbying – a transformation that has engendered representative organizations with hybrid identities.
Porous Labor Market, Insular Political Community
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Continuing the investigation into the economic incorporation and political exclusion of Palestinians, Chapter 14 analyzes the 2007 High Court ruling (the Givat Zeev case) which asserted the right of Palestinians employed by Israelis to benefit from the frameworks and protections granted all Israeli workers. This is viewed as the expansion of Israel’s judicial authority outside its official borders, but at the same time the national borders of the (Jewish) political community are guarded as diligently as ever, as reflected in Israel’s relation to “Arabs” and in its zigzagging migrant labor policies. However, the state makes great effort to integrate Palestinian citizens into the workforce, fearing the growth of “unproductive” populations. The chapter asserts that East Jerusalem Palestinians epitomize politically excluded labor: Israel’s annexation of East Jerusalem left them caught between physical inclusion and precarious employment, and a political exclusion far more ostentatious than that endured by Israel’s Palestinian citizens.
Concluding Remarks to Part 3
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Chapter 15 summarizes the chapters which addressed the third sphere, the relationship of labor to the political community. It reiterates that since Israel was established, the labor market’s borders have become ever more porous, while the borders of the national (Jewish) political community have remained firm: the Jewish nationalism which guides government policy is as strong as ever. NGOs, drawing on a discourse of human rights, are able to assist some non-citizens but this discourse also resonates with the idea of individual responsibility: the State is no longer willing to support “non-productive” populations, who are now being shoehorned into a labor market which offers few opportunities for meaningful employment, and is saturated by cheaper labor intentionally imported by the State in response to powerful employer lobbies. These trends suggest a partial reorientation of organized labor’s “battlefront”, from a face-off with capital to an appeal to the public and state.
Conclusion
Authors: Preminger Jonathan
Published: March 2019

The Conclusion discusses the themes of the book in general terms. It reiterates that the weakening of neocorporatism has enabled those once excluded to be included in at least some frameworks for collective representation; however, neocorporatism’s central premises have been undermined, and much of the “new” organizing does not re/build the collective frameworks that once gave labor a voice. The chapter first discusses the hurdles with which labor activism has to contend in its bid to establish itself as a democratic, participatory force. It then addresses labor activism as opposition to policies associated with neoliberalism, and reviews organized labor’s status within the socio-economic regime, in particular in light of increasing labor-oriented activism among non-union organizations. Subsequently, it suggests that “cracks” in neocorporatism facilitate political participation for those who have been economically incorporated but politically excluded. Finally, the significance of these developments is discussed in light of Israel’s singular labor history.
Introduction
Authors: Miller Nicholas L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter introduces the puzzle that the remainder of the book addresses: specifically, the gap between longstanding predictions of nuclear domino effects and tipping points and the relatively limited spread of nuclear weapons that has actually occurred. It explains why addressing the question is important for reasons of theory and policy, briefly describes historical patterns of proliferation and US nonproliferation policy, and previews the book’s core argument, which emphasizes the role of US nonproliferation policy and sanctions in particular in limiting the spread of nuclear weapons.
Theorizing the Sources and Effectiveness of US Nonproliferation Policy
Authors: Miller Nicholas L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter reviews existing theories of nuclear proliferation and nonproliferation policy and proposes two theories to explain how US nonproliferation policy has evolved over time and how effective it has been in limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. It argues that tests by new nuclear states can spur stronger nonproliferation policies by increasing expectations of nuclear domino effects, causing greater government attention to nonproliferation, and providing a political opening for nonproliferation advocates. In terms of the effectiveness of US nonproliferation policy, it emphasizes the importance of a credible threat of sanctions, which can deter states from seeking or acquiring nuclear weapons if they are highly dependent on the United States. For states with low dependence on the United States, multilateral sanctions are crucial to ending ongoing nuclear weapons programs.
The Sources of US Nonproliferation Policy, 1969–1980
Authors: Miller Nicholas L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores the changes in US nonproliferation policy from 1969 to 1980. After the Nixon administration initially downgraded the priority given to nonproliferation, India’s first nuclear test in 1974 led the Nixon and then Ford and Carter administrations to moved toward a stronger nonproliferation policy, which included the founding of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the adoption of sanctions policies advocated by the US Congress. Like the Chinese test a decade prior, the Indian test led to stronger US nonproliferation policies by unleashing expectations of nuclear domino effects, triggering greater attention to nonproliferation, and providing a political opening for nonproliferation advocates in Congress and the executive branch.
The French Nuclear Program (1954–1960)
Authors: Miller Nicholas L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores US policy toward France’s nuclear weapons program in the 1950s, before the Chinese test led the United States to adopt a firmer nonproliferation policy. Consistent with the notion that US nonproliferation policy was selective in this time period, and more favorable toward allies, the United States put no pressure on France to halt its nuclear weapons program and did not threaten sanctions. In fact, the question of whether to aid France’s nuclear weapons program was more commonly discussed than whether to coerce France. While the Eisenhower administration did offer to share US nuclear weapons with France as part of a broader nuclear sharing scheme within NATO, France rejected this proposal since they would not have total control over the weapons. A permissive US nonproliferation policy ultimately facilitated France’s acquisition of nuclear weapons in 1960.
Implementation of Stable Marriage Algorithm in Student Project Allocation
Authors: Modi Salisu , M. Shagari Nura , Wadata Buhari
Published: March 2019

Project allocation is an annual challenge for lecturers and students. The process of allocating project involves matching preferences of students over project and with of staff over the student, and is thus an instance of stable marriage problem from theoretical computer science aspect. The aim is to find a stable allocation of project to students, such that it is impossible to find a project swap that would make all involved parties (both students, both staff) happier. This paper investigated efficacy of stable marriage algorithm and deployed basic Gale Sharply Algorithm into the process of allocating student project. A system was developed using ruby and MySQL to handle the task. The result showed that the algorithm was able to improve the process by enhancing the stability involved.
Effect of Halopriming along with Hydropriming on Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds
Authors: Arif Zeeshan , Asgher Aqsa , Zia Ayesha , Riaz Maria
Published: March 2019

Biotic and abiotic stress effects the crop yield badly every year. In the abiotic factors the drought, heat and salinity are the major stress for crops which are cultivated in Pakistan. Cultivated area are decreasing rapidly because the construction of new buildings, towns and population food demand increasing. There is only one way to fulfill the requirements of population by development stress tolerance genotypes. Two different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. with AABBDD genome and 6x= 42) i.e. Faisalabad 2008 and Galaxy 2013 were used to evaluate the effect of halopriming along with hydropriming to observe germination parameters and early growth stages. The experiment was conducted in factorial structured treatments design with three replications at Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. For halopriming seeds were soaked in 0.5% KCl, 1% KCl, 1.5% KCl and in distilled water for 6-8 hours. The results showed that final emergence percentage of priming seeds with 1% KCl of Faisalabad 2008 had higher percentage of germination than other treatments. However, for time to start germination there was no difference among KCl priming and hydropriming for both the varieties.   For mean germination time, priming seeds with 1.5% KCl of Faisalabad 2008 showed maximum time. Seeds priming with 1% KCl of Galaxy 2013 took maximum time to complete 50% germination (T50). Overall, Faisalabad 2008 priming with KCl proved best in most of parameters.
A Time Series Analysis of Airline Pricing Behavior Case Study Jakarta (CGK) - Denpasar (DPS) Market
Authors: . Kusmayadi , Wiweka Kadek , Parantika Asep , Wahyuni Nenny , Adnyana Putu Pramania
Published: March 2019

Since the aircraft grew into the most popular transportation used by tourists. Price competition between airlines becomes a very interesting issue. This study examines the behavior of airfare from Jakarta (CGK) to Denpasar (DPS) through online media (official website). Data is collected from 6 airline websites such as Garuda Indonesia, Air Asia, Citilink, Lion Air, Sriwijaya and Batik Air for 25 days prior to departure date. This duration is compounded because of the characteristics of Indonesian tourists (domestic) who generally do the planning (reservation) travel for less than one month. The selected departure date is 9 to 13 May, where the date is a long holiday (peak season). Observations and data recording are done consistently 4 times a day at 6 am 12 noon, 6 pm and 12 pm on all departure hours of 9 to 13 May. The data is then calculated to find the average and compare on each day. The study found that airline ticket prices tend to start declining since 5 or 4 days before departure and will continue to decrease in price until the day of departure. But the decline in ticket prices is also accompanied by a decrease in ticket availability. This information is certainly very useful for tourists to determine the timing of booking air tickets before traveling.
Evaluation of Liver Protective Activity of Moringa oleifera Bark Extract in Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Islam Rajibul , Alam Md. Jahir , Shanta Sara Benojir , Rahman Md. Habibur , Mahmud Sultan , Khan Abdus Sobahan
Published: March 2019

Background: Moringa oleifera has been used in folk medicine to alleviate several diseases. In the present study, ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera bark has been investigated to study its potential on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity on model rats.

Methods: Rats (150–200 gm) were divided into 5 groups containing 6 animals each. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by paracetamol (600 mg/kg body weight) administered once daily for one week whereas the extract of investigated plant was given orally throughout the whole experiment at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as standard hepatoprotective drug. The level of hepatic injury recovery was determined by the estimation of liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Bilirubin, Total protein, globulin and Albumin.

Results: Treatment with MO extract as well as standard hepatoprotective agent silymarin ameliorated plasma levels of hepatic enzymes. Body weight was improved significantly by MO extracts (p < 0.01), whereas liver weight was recovered insignificantly. SGPT, SGOT and ALP levels were improved very highly significantly (p<0.001) and highly significantly (p<0.01) at MO 250mg dose. While at the dose of 500 mg/kg ameliorated SGPT Level very highly significantly (p<0.001), SGOT Level highly significantly (p<0.01) but insignificant to ALP level.  

Conclusion: The biochemical parameters provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of of Moringa oleifera bark has shown hepatoprotective activity.
Collaborative Care Model for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder and Mental Illness
Authors: Watkins Katherine E. , Weir Rebecca , Pak Lia , Griffin Beth Ann , Griffo Amber , Sutherland Allison Trosclair , McCullough Colleen M. , Meredith Lisa S. , Schoenbaum Michael , Komaromy Miriam , Carrejo Valerie , Osilla Karen Chan
Published: November 2024

This cohort study uses data from a randomized clinical trial for opioid use disorder (OUD) co-occurring with mental illness to examine patient characteristics associated with collaborative care model engagement and fidelity.
Multivariat‐statistische Analyse des Beziehungsgeflechts zwischen der Nutzung von Ökosystemleistungen und der Bereitschaft zum Schutz des Kaya Kambe (Kenia) auf Grundlage empirischer Daten
Authors: Wichmann Marlon , Schröder Winfried , Reith Alexandra , Rieckmann Marco
Published: November 2024

Kulturelle Ökosystemleistungen von Kaya‐Wäldern für die Mijikenda‐Gesellschaft in Kenia trugen dazu bei, dass relevante Teile dieser tropischen Landschaft erhalten blieben, die heute allerdings durch eine wachsende Bevölkerung in Armut starkem Landnutzungsdruck ausgesetzt sind. Mit einem Fragebogen wurden in der Umgebung des Kaya Kambe im Jahr 2022 Daten zum Mensch‐Umwelt‐Verhältnis erfasst. Das Ziel der Untersuchung lag in der Identifikation der Faktoren und deren Interaktionen für die in zwei statistischen Modellen als abhängige Variable definierte Bereitschaft der lokalen Bevölkerung zum Schutz der Kayas. Diese beiden statistischen Modellierungen erfolgten mit Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection. Hierbei wurden im ersten Modell diejenigen beschreibenden Variablen verwendet, die auch bei der hier nicht dargestellten Hypothesenprüfung auf Grundlage einzelner Kontingenztabellen erfolgte. Dieser die Hypothesenprüfung verifizierende Ansatz wurde durch ein hypothesenexploratives zweites Modell ergänzt. In ihm wurden auch beschreibende Variablen verwendet, die bei der Hypothesenprüfung nicht berücksichtigt wurden. Das erste Modell bestätigt folgende, interagierende Randbedingungen für die Schutzbereitschaft: Wichtigkeit der Kaya‐Bäume, persönlicher Nutzen durch Schutz der Kayas, Wichtigkeit der Kaya‐Tiere und Nützlichkeit der Kayas als Mineralienquelle. Das zweite Modell entdeckt zusätzlich folgende Einflüsse: Zugang zum Kaya, selbständige Baumpflanzung im eigenen Grundstück und im Kaya, monatliches Einkommen, Kenntnis der nationalen Gesetze für die Nutzung der Kayas, kultureller Wert der Kayas sowie Kayas als Energieträger. Aus den Ergebnissen und ihrer Diskussion werden folgende Empfehlungen abgeleitet: Schaffung von Alternativen zur Gewinnung von Bauholz und Brennholz, Beteiligung der lokalen Bevölkerung an einer nachhaltigen Waldbewirtschaftung, Schaffung alternativer Einkommensquellen, Ermöglichung der Wiederaufforstung auf privaten Grundstücken und im Kaya sowie Bildungs‐ und Sensibilisierungsmaßnahmen.
Ion‐Beam‐Induced Biaxial Tensile Strain Engineering in Nanoscale Zinc Oxide Films on Silicon Dioxide
Authors: Jeon Gi Wan , Kim Yu‐Mi , Yeo Sunmog , Jeong Seock‐Jin , Lee Sang‐Hyeon , Lee Sang‐Geul , Kim Jong Hwa , Ha Jun Mok , Suk Jaekwon , Yang In Mok , Seo Junhyeok , Chae Weon‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Soo , Park Jun Kue
Published: November 2024

Strain engineering is a powerful tool for adjusting the electrical and optical properties of materials, particularly in 2D materials on flexible polymer substrates. However, current strain‐engineering techniques are primarily utilized for thin 2D materials on flexible substrates, with limited research on thicker materials on traditional substrates. In this study, the enhancement in electrical properties resulting from strain effects in 30‐nm‐thick ZnO films deposited on SiO2 wafers through N2 ion beam irradiation is proposed. The N2 ion beam, at an optimal energy level, induces strain in the underlying SiO2 layer, leading to a 2.5‐fold increase in the saturation mobility and charge‐carrier density of the overlying ZnO film. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of N2 molecules into the SiO2 crystal induces biaxial lattice expansion, which, in turn, strains the overlying ZnO film. These findings demonstrate the effective application of strain engineering in films of relatively large thickness, even on traditional substrates. It is anticipated that this strain engineering approach using ion‐beam irradiation will significantly broaden the range of applications for strain engineering technology.
A Current‐Adaptive Evaporator with Optimized Energy Utilization for Self‐Cleaning High‐Salinity Desalination
Authors: Zhang Ruicheng , Zhang Wenqing , Ren Haipeng , Liu Keshuai , Yang Shichang , Chen Bin , Li Wei , Ge Can , Xu Duo , Xu Weilin
Published: November 2024

Solar steam generation (SSG) shows great potential in brine desalination to address the global water crisis. However, the salt accumulation has become a severe bottleneck that destroys devices and weakens efficiencies. Traditional evaporators are difficult to simultaneously realize clean salt‐rejection and efficient operation during high‐salinity desalination. In this work, a weaved cylinder evaporator with both efficient static and dynamic energy utilization is fabricated for self‐cleaning high‐salinity desalination. The energy utilization performance is optimized through a balanced water supply, omnidirectional solar absorption, infiltration content regulation, and dynamic current adaptation. Hence, an outstanding SSG rate of 1.91 kg·m−2·h−1 is achieved under 1 sun radiation. The dynamic self‐cleaning characteristics ensure competitive and durable high‐salinity desalination (≈11 kg·m−2·day−1) during weekly practical operation without salt deposition. Overall, the design overcomes the trade‐off between desired mass transfer and undesired heat loss.