bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La traducción al español y al francés de los nombres propios en la literatura fantástica: el caso de Juego de Tronos
Authors: Pérez Fernández Lucila María
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo compara las estrategias de traducción de los nombres propios en francés y en español de una novela perteneciente al género de literatura fantástica. Para ello se ha utilizado la primera novela de la saga Canción de hielo y fuego, con el fin de establecer una clasificación de los nombres propios, comprobar cuáles son las técnicas de traducción más habituales en ambas lenguas para finalmente compararlas y comprobar en qué casos coinciden.
Individu, identité et interculturalité dans Mission terminée de Mongo Beti
Authors: Boumazzou Ibrahim
Published: January 2019

Cet article se veut une étude analytique de l’identité et de la culture africaine dans Mission terminée de Mongo Beti. Il a pour objectif de faire la lumière sur la spécificité de cette société, la place que l’individu y occupe et les transformations qu’elle a subies avec l’arrivée du colonisateur. Il est centré d’abord sur les personnages du roman et leurs attributions afin de savoir comment est constitué, structuré et hiérarchisé le groupe social auquel appartiennent ces entités. Il reconstitue ensuite les aspects culturels de la vie de l’homme noir tels qu’ils sont suggérés par le texte.
МАГМАТИЗМ И ЭПИТЕРМАЛЬНОЕ Ag-Au ОРУДЕНЕНИЕ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО РУДНОГО ПОЛЯ ГОРНОГО АЛТАЯ
Authors: (Anatoliу I. Gusev) Гусев Анатолий Иванович , (Evgeniya M. Tabakaeva) Табакаева Евгения Михайловна
Published: January 2019

Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью освещения новых данных по петрологии, геохимии субвулканических пород и эпитермальному Ag-Au оруденению Красноярского рудного поля Горного Алтая. С субвулканическими штоками гранитоидов пространственно и парагенетически связаны различные типы оруденения: меди, кобальта, мышьяка, вольфрама и золота. Впервые для Горного Алтая исследован высоко-серный тип Ag-Au оруденения. Цель исследования: изучить петрологические, геохимические особенности пород и оруденения Красноярского месторождения с использованием экспериментальных диаграмм, позволяющих выявлять генетические проблемы и физико-химические особенности петро-рудогенезиса. Методы исследования включали изучение состава горных пород с применением лазерно-абляционного анализа методом индуктивно-связанной плазмы на спектрометре «ОРTIMA&4300» с высокой чувствительностью определения элементов в Лаборатории Института минералогии, геохимии и кристаллохимии редких элементов (г. Москва). Изотопный состав серы и кислорода определён на масс-спектрометре МИ 1201В в той же лаборатории. Результаты. Главными рудогенерирующими объектами в Красноярском рудном поле являются субвулканические штоки гранитоидов среднего девона коргонского комплекса, которые относятся к пералюминиевому типу с варьирующими характеристиками по магнию и железу. В породах проявлен тетрадный эффект фракционирования РЗЭ W-типа. Концентрации Au и Ag в породах увеличиваются с уменьшением величины тетрадного эффекта фракционирования РЗЭ W-типа. Глубинный магматический очаг эволюционировал в сторону повышения его уровня с формированием резко кислотно-серных характеристик и формированием околорудных аргиллизитов. Оруденение Красноярского месторождения представлено серией сближенных кварцевых жил, с образованием своеобразного линейного штокверка. Руды сформированы в три стадии: существенно сульфидную, теллуридную и пострудную. Основные рудные минералы: пирит, галенит, сфалерит, тетраэдрит, теннантит, электрум, тетрадимит, редко – алтаит, гессит, энаргит, люцонит. Основные жильные минералы: кварц, кальцит, хлорит, сидерит, каолинит, монтмориллонит, иллит. Концентрации золота в рудах варьируют от 0,5 до 29,6 г/т, серебра – от 15 до 5000 г/т. Соотношение Ag/Au в рудах варьирует от 135 до 150 и позволяет относить Красноярское месторождение к Ag-Au типу. Температуры гомогенизации газово-жидких включений в кварце разных генераций от стадии к стадии снижались от 265 до 175 °С.  Фугитивность серы снижалась от первой стадии (–10–11) ко второй (–15–16), f Te2 повышалась от (–15) до (–10) и f О2 от (–39,5) до (–37). Изотопы серы и кислорода свидетельствуют о магматогенном источнике серы и метеорном – кислорода.
АДАПТИВНАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНЫХ СКВАЖИН НА ПРОГНОЗИРУЮЩИХ МОДЕЛЯХ
Authors: (Viktor L. Sergeev) Сергеев Виктор Леонидович , (Dong Van Hoang) Донг Ван Хоанг , (Pham Dinh An) Фам Динь Ан
Published: January 2019

Актуальность обусловлена необходимостью интерпретации результатов нестационарных гидродинамических исследований горизонтальных скважин в условиях отсутствия на кривой восстановления давления участка позднего радиального потока. Целью исследования является разработка и исследование моделей и алгоритмов адаптивной идентификации и интерпретации результатов гидродинамических исследований горизонтальных скважин с прогнозированием недовосстановленного участка кривой забойного давления позднего радиального потока. Методы исследования. Использованы теоретические и практические разработки в области адаптивной интерпретации гидродинамических исследований скважин, методов оптимизации функций, линейной алгебры, современных исследований системного анализа, идентификации и адаптации систем. Для решения задач идентификации и прогноза использованы эволюционные феноменологические модели кривой восстановления забойного давления с переменными, зависящими от времени параметрами, с учетом дополнительной информации о пластовом давлении. Интерпретация кривой восстановления забойного давления осуществлялась на основе метода адаптивной идентификации. Решение задач проводилось с использованием промысловых данных гидродинамических исследований горизонтальных скважин нефтяных месторождений по кривой восстановления давления. Результаты. Исследованы потенциальные возможности эволюционных феноменологических моделей с переменными параметрами для идентификации и прогноза кривой восстановления забойного давления при отсутствии участка позднего радиального потока. На примерах обработки результатов гидродинамических исследований горизонтальных скважин нефтяного месторождения показано, что разработанные модели и алгоритмы адаптивной идентификации и интерпретации позволяют: прогнозировать забойное давление на недовосстановленном участке кривой восстановления давлении, определять латеральную проницаемость, скин-фактор, эффективную длину скважины и время завершения исследований в процессе их проведения, сократить время простоя скважин.
ТРЕХМЕРНАЯ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКТИРОВКИ КАДАСТРОВОЙ СТОИМОСТИ ЗЕМЕЛЬ
Authors: (Evgeny I. Avrunev) Аврунев Евгений Ильич , (Nataliya V. Gatina) Гатина Наталия Владимировна , (Mariya V. Kozina) Козина Мария Викторовна , (Viktor K. Popov) Попов Виктор Константинович
Published: January 2019

Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что достоверность и качество результатов кадастровой оценки земель имеет важное значение как в теоретическом плане, так и в практической деятельности. Современные процессы реформирования системы кадастровой оценки земель должны быть направлены на обеспечение интеграции пространственных данных, получаемых из различных источников, для определения факторов кадастровой стоимости, характеризующих внешнюю среду земельного участка для кадастровой оценки земель населенных пунктов. Цель: предложить учет инженерно-геологических факторов при кадастровой оценке земель с помощью геоинформационного анализа и трехмерного-картографического моделирования процессов подтопления в границах урбанизированных территорий. Методы: теоретический анализ изучения и обобщения, а также иные общепринятые аналитические методы, геоинформационный анализ, методы картографической визуализации данных, 3D моделирование геопространственных данных. Результаты. На примере территории Левобережья г. Томска проведен геоинформационный анализ по данным инженерно-геологических изысканий и результатам мониторинга весеннего половодья. Результатом анализа стала электронная карта районирования территории Левобережья по категории сложности инженерно-геологических условий. В результате обоснования необходимости комплексного подхода к определению факторов стоимости для кадастровой оценки земель с учетом влияния неблагоприятных инженерно-геологических и геологических процессов и явлений была построена трехмерная цифровая модель рельефа и геологического строения территории Левобережья. С использованием предложенной модели можно решать научно-практических задачи, связанные с учетом инженерно-геологических факторов для кадастровой оценки земель, ведения единого государственного реестра недвижимости, обеспечения градостроительной деятельности и управления территориальным образованием. Таким образом, предложен подход к оценке неблагоприятных инженерно-геологических и геологических процессов и явлений для корректировки кадастровой стоимости на урбанизированных территориях.
PENGUKURAN KINERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BALANCE SCORECARD DAN PEMAHAMAN MAQOSID SYARIAH
Authors: Nugroho Adi , Wahyuni Nanik
Published: January 2019

Dalam rangka mencapai pelayanan yang baik dan bertanggung jawab, suatu LAZIS perlu melakukan pengukuran kinerja. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan pengukuran kinerja balance scorecard. Mengingat LAZIS Al Haromain cabang Malang Raya merupakan organisasi nirlaba yang berpegang teguh pada syariat islam, pengukuran kinerja balance scorecard haruslah terintergrasi dengan maqosid syariah. Tujuan utama dilakukanya pemgukuran ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja yang dilakukan LAZIS Al Haromain cabang Malang Raya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, koesioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan cara mengukur masing-masing perspektif balance scorecard, yang terdiri dari perspektif keuangan yang terintergrasi maqosid syariah, perspektif pelanggan, perspektif bisnis internal serta perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran.

Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara keseluruhan kinerja LAZIS Al Haromain cabang Malang Raya sudah baik. Pada perspektif keuangan yang memiliki tingkat efisiensi yang sangat baik. Perspektif pelangan yang terdiri dari muzakki dan mustahik yang masing-masing merasa puas dan sangat puas dengan pelayanan yang diberikan. Perspektif bisnis internal menunjukan kinerja yang cukup, karena banyak inovasi yang terealisai walaupun proses oprasi yang meningkat walapun mengalami penurunan dari tahun sebelumnya. Perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran menunjukan hasil yang baik, karena meningkatya poduktivita karyawan, karyawan yang mersa puas dengan pekerjaan dan pembelajaran yang ada, serta adanya tingkat pemahaman maqosid syariah yang baik dalam menjalankan operasi LAZIS Al Haromain Cabang Malang

 
IMPLEMENTASI AUDIT MUTU INTERNAL ISO 9001 PADA SISTEM MANAJEMEN RSUD KAYU AGUNG KABUPATEN OKI
Authors: Fransisca Septiani , Aliya Sabeli
Published: January 2019

Many companies have implemented ISO 9001 but no research has focused on the factors that made up the internal audit quality variables. This research took place at the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah of Kayu Agung of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. This research used quantitative descriptive method. The population was stakeholders related to the entity, the sample used cluster sampling and simple random sampling. The data used primary data derived from the dispersed questionnaire. The distribution of questionnaire was conducted in 2018. The technique of data analysis used validity test, profitability test, and normality test. In analyzing the researchers used simple linear regression analysis. The calculation results showed the value of R Square was 0.629. This meant that 62.9% of the Kayu Agung Hospital Management System in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency was influenced by the ISO 9001 Internal Quality Audit.
Mardas Milzam, Siswanto
Authors: Milzam Mardas , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: January 2019

Commercial banks have a significant role for the society to fill its financial needs through financing facilities. Islamic bank financing has two forms of contracts, namely financing for Natural Certainty Contracts (NCC) and financing for Natural Uncertainty Contracts (NUC). Those are able to improve the profitability of Islamic commercial banks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of NCC financing and NUC financing contracts toward the improvement of the Islamic commercial banks’ profitabilities represented by Return On Asset (ROA). This study uses a quantitative approach. The data analysis uses panel regression analysis with software Eviews 9.0 tools. Sampling method uses purposive sampling of Islamic Commercial Banks of 2013-2017. Result of the study showed that NCC and NUC variables improved the profibility of commercial banks simultaneously. Meanwhile, the test results partially showed that the NCC variable has a significant positive effect on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks. NCC financing has a fixed and definite return characteristic, was used for short-term investment financing, and the mark-up of profits could be adjusted, and the bank did not interfere with the customer’s business. NUC financing variable showed a significant negative effect on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in a conventional manner. The high risk of banks in financing with NUC will be the negative impact factor. The risks borne by the banks include three factors, namely: there is bad financing due to side streaming, changes in management of customer management, and the existence of asymmetric information in customer financial reporting.
The Relationship Between Paternal Characteristics and Child Psychosocial Functioning in a Sample of Men Arrested for Domestic Violence
Authors: Johnson Ellen E. H. , Strauss Catherine V. , Elmquist JoAnna M. , Brem Meagan J. , Florimbio Autumn Rae , Temple Jeff R. , Rothman Emily F. , Stuart Gregory L. , Shorey Ryan C.
Published: January 2019

It is estimated that upward of 15.5 million children live in homes where they are exposed to physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV). Research indicates that IPV can have deleterious effects on children, including a variety of psychosocial problems, although there is much variability in outcomes of children exposed to IPV. Individual characteristics of the parents involved in IPV may be an important predictor of negative psychosocial outcomes for children. The current study expanded upon prior research and examined the simultaneous associations of paternal characteristics, including paternal IPV perpetration, and child psychosocial functioning (i.e., externalizing, internalizing, and attentional problems) among 153 men arrested for domestic violence and court ordered to attend batterer intervention programs. Analyses examined the relations between paternal alcohol and drug use, antisocial personality traits, hostility, posttraumatic stress symptoms, distress tolerance, IPV perpetration, and men's ratings of their child's psychosocial functioning. Results indicated that poor overall child psychosocial functioning was positively related to paternal antisocial personality symptoms and hostility. Subscale analyses revealed that child attentional problems were positively related to paternal hostility. Child externalizing problems were positively associated with paternal antisocial personality symptoms. The implications of these findings for future research and intervention are discussed.
Os valores da auditoria no Estado: um estudo de caso de uma Controladoria Geral do Estado
Authors: Rosas Ana Karolina Ramalho de Araújo
Published: January 2019

Práticas de auditoria e valores como transparência e accountability tornam-se cada vez mais centrais nos processos de governança. Alguns teóricos das ciências sociais atribuem isto à chamada governamentalidade neoliberal, em que uma “cultura de auditoria” passa a gerenciar não somente as formas de governo como também a conduta humana. Nosso objetivo é propor um diálogo crítico entre essa perspectiva e a concepção bourdieusiana de campos de poder, com o objetivo de compreender os valores da auditoria a partir do cotidiano dos atores envolvidos. Neste artigo, analisamos um caso empírico de experiência local de auditoria, em uma Controladoria Geral do Estado. Defendemos que é necessário analisar as formas de tecnologias de governo a partir do cotidiano das burocracias e das disputas entre os diversos campos de poder, tensionando os ideais técnicos e os valores morais e políticos.
Servidores públicos como sujeitos valorativos: notas etnográficas sobre Carreiras Típicas de Estado
Authors: Ventura Otávio
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho é um relato etnográfico sobre esse espaço que se autonomeia como Carreiras Típicas de Estado. O foco reside nas estratégias utilizadas por essas carreiras para construir a sua própria identidade, atribuindo sentidos específicos a ela. Também são exploradas algumas táticas empregadas por essas carreiras para lutar por causas que elas consideram legítimas. Ao final, mostra-se como os dados etnográficos revelam práticas que talvez possam ser interpretadas como maneiras pelas quais servidores públicos fazem Estado a partir da sua condição de sujeitos valorativos.
Reflexive retracts and its properties
Authors: Parvathy C. R. , Bhuvaneshwari S.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we have introduced the notion of reflexive retract. A few levels of retracts were achieved. The first level is obviously the retract in the sense of Borsuk, and the second level is reflexive homotopy and its properties.
Livelihoods Sustainability in Agriculture-Intensive Semi-Arid and Dry Sub-Humid Areas of West Africa - Pointers from Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad  Tsowa Usman , Abdulkadir Aishetu
Published: January 2019

Agricultural intensification has been adopted as a viable option for Poverty eradication and hunger, attainment of food security, socio-economic wellbeing as well as sustainable livelihood across the West Africa sub-humid and semi-arid zones. Thus, there is need to identify and address the challenges of sustainable livelihoods in the agriculture-intensive semi-arid and dry sub-humid zones of West Africa. This was addressed through review of relevant literature and analysis of environmental parameters from recent research by the authors to unveil the environmental uncertainties that threaten the sustainability of agriculture and human livelihoods across the ecologically fragile regions of West Africa, using pointers from Nigeria. The research identified the fundamental challenges, adaptation and mitigation approaches to environmental constraints, and requirements for reducing risk, enhance agricultural resilience as well as livelihoods in the zones. This was based on the premise that primarily, the use of adequate and accurately derived environmental information is crucial for increased agricultural productivity, sustainability of economic diversification and human livelihoods and by implication, enhanced regional and national security.
Nano PGE1 Enhances Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt to Promote Recovery from Motor Dysfunction and Muscle Atrophy Induced by Sciatic Nerve Injury
Authors: Takenaga Mitsuko , Ishihara Tsutomu , Niimi Jun , Hamaguchi Akemi , Asano Teita , Tsuchiya Reiko , Ohta Yuki , Mizushima Tohru , Yudoh Kazuo
Published: January 2019

The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) encapsulated in nanoparticles (Nano PGE1) on motor dysfunction and muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve injury (SNI) was investigated in rats, and was compared with PGE1 encapsulated in lipid microspheres (Lipo PGE1) or PGE1 clathrated in cyclodextrin (PGE1-CD). The hind limb muscle weight ratio decreased until 2 weeks after SNI. All 3 PGE1 formulations significantly improved SNI-induced motor dysfunction. Nano PGE1 significantly promoted recovery from muscle atrophy at 2 and 3 weeks after SNI. Lipo PGE1 was also effective, but multiple doses were required. Compared with the SNI control group, the Nano PGE1 group showed upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and agrin expression in the injured sciatic nerve and atrophic muscles. Nano PGE1 accumulated prominently at the site of nerve injury and persisted for longer than Lipo PGE1 or PGE1-CD. Expression of all EP receptors was detected in the normal sciatic nerve, and EP2 expression increased after SNI. Finally, Nano PGE1 promoted ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. These findings suggest that PGE1 released from nanoparticles accumulates at sites of nerve injury and increases VEGF production by augmenting ERK1/2 phosphorylation via EP receptor signaling, thus promoting tissue repair and regeneration.
The Salt without the Girl: Negotiating Embodied Identity as an Agender Person with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Nowakowski Alexandra C. H.
Published: January 2019

In this manuscript, I build and expand on prior work by myself (Author 2016) and others exploring the dynamics of embodiment among people with chronic health conditions. Specifically, I critically investigate the intersecting social and medical elements of responses to bodies perceived as too thin and otherwise lacking in physical ability, using my own experiences of living and aging with cystic fibrosis (CF) as a case example. In these explorations, I center gendered identity and its intersection with disabling physical illness. I do so by using my own lived experiences as autoethnographic anchor points to guide critical review of key concepts from the nexus of these two content areas. I focus throughout on exploring how others’ reactions to a frail-looking body often constitute a form of forced gendering via the narratives people attempt to construct for why a person’s body appears that way. The title of the manuscript supports this framework by referencing three cornerstones of patient experience in the CF community: the general trend of patients having salty skin due to the pathology of the disease, a prior embodiment project called Salty Girls (Pettigrew 2012) that engages this idea, and the more abstract concept of “saltiness” in describing the grit marginalized people display in responding to microaggressions.
Pemanfaatan Media Komik Digital Melalui Unsur PPR (Paradigma Pedagogi Reflektif) Pada Matakuliah Sejarah Asia Barat Modern
Authors: Printina Brigida Intan
Published: January 2019

The Use of Digital Comic Media in Modern West Asian History Courses has been developed as an effective medium in learning. For this reason, this study aims to analyze about 1) Digital Comic Media Through the Elements of PPR (Reflective Pedagogy Paradigm); 2) Results of action from Digital Comic Media. The method used is qualitative research that describes activities or information about ongoing class conditions. The research data was collected through observation with a sampling technique known as purposive sampling. The sample used is one of the informants to get information about the right media. The results showed that 1) the use of digital comic media in Modern West Asian History courses was carried out through 3 elements, namely Competence including mastery of one of the material in the subject of Modern West Asian History, Concern described through reflection in digital comics, and Compassion extracting action through the use of digital comics that are in accordance with the relevance of learning regional history for the progress of the nation; 2) of the 50 students who take the Modern West Asian History course there are 60% of students who get A grade, get B score as much as 28% of students, and get C score of 6% of students, and the rest do not take lectures from the beginning.

Pemanfaatan Media Komik Digital Pada Matakuliah Sejarah Asia Barat Modern  telah dikembangkan sebagai media yang efektif dalam pembelajaran. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tentang 1) Media  Komik Digital Melalui Unsur PPR (Paradigma Pedagogi Reflektif) ; 2) Hasil aksi dari Media  Komik Digital. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggambarkan tentang kegiatan atau informasi tentang kondisi kelas yang sedang berlangsung. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi dengan teknik cuplikan yang dikenal dengan purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah salah satu informan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai media yang tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) pemanfaatan media komik digital pada mata kuliah Sejarah Asia Barat Modern telah dilakukan melalui 3 unsur yaitu Competence meliputi penguasaan salah satu materi pada mata kuliah Sejarah Asia Barat Modern, Concience  yang diuraikan melalui refleksi di komik digital,dan  Compassion penggalian aksi melalui pemanfaatan komik digital yang sesuai dengan relevansi pembelajaran sejarah kawasan bagi kemajuan bangsa; 2) dari 50 mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah Sejarah Asia Barat Modern ada 60% mahasiswa yang mendapat nilai A, mendapat nilai B sebanyak 28% mahasiswa,   dan mendapatkan nilai C sebanyak 6% mahasiswa,  dan sisanya tidak mengikuti perkuliahan sejak awal.
Perkembangan Pembelajaran Sejarah Pasca Kemerdekaan-Reformasi
Authors: Nury Batubara Ulfah , Aman Aman
Published: January 2019

Abstract: This article aims to examine the development of historical learning from post-independence Indonesia to the Reformation period. During that period, Indonesia has made 9 (nine) curriculum changes. Learning history at the beginning of independence was characterized by a spirit of nationalism, considering that this time, Indonesia still had to struggle to maintain its independence. Entering the Suharto government, historical learning directions and policies also changed along with political interests, namely strengthening the legitimacy of Suharto's power. Furthermore, the Reformation period marked by the end of Suharto's rule, the direction and purpose of historical learning also changed, namely preparing the younger generation to have human resources that are equal to other countries. Learning of the history of the reform era made many changes and reviewed various past events that did not exist in the history books of the New Order. The research method used is descriptive method, which describes the problem to obtain answers. The results of the study show that learning from time to time changes color following the color of government politics. This is because history learning has a very strategic role in supporting government programs.

 

 Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan pembelajaran sejarah mulai dari pasca kemerdekaan Indonesia hingga masa Reformasi. Selama periode itu, Indonesia sudah melakukan perubahan kurikulum sebanyak 9 (sembilan) kali. Pembelajaran sejarah di awal kemerdekaan diwarnai dengan semangat nasionalisme, mengingat masa ini, Indonesia masih harus berjuang mempertahankan kemerdekaannya. Memasuki pemerintahan Soeharto, arah dan kebijakan pembelajaran sejarah juga berubah seiring dengan kepentingan politik, yakni memperkuat legitimasi kekuasaan Soeharto. Selanjutnya masa Reformasi yang ditandai dengan berakhirnya kekuasaan Soeharto, arah dan tujuan pembelajaran sejarah ikut berubah, yakni menyiapkan generasi muda untuk memiliki SDM yang sejajar dengan negara lain. Pembelajaran sejarah era reformasi banyak melakukan perubahan dan mengkaji berbagai peristiwa masa lalu  yang tidak ada pada buku-buku sejarah masa Orde Baru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu menggambarkan masalah untuk memperoleh jawaban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dari masa ke masa berubah warna mengikuti  warna politik pemerintah.  Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran sejarah memiliki peran yang sangat strategis dalam mendukung program pemerintah.
Investigation in to the Mooring of Supply Vessels by Specialised Bow and Stern Moorings
Authors: Halliwell A Roy , Herd Charles J , Owen D Gareth
Published: January 2019

The paper describes investigations presently being carried out at Heriot-Watt University into the dynamic behaviour of supply vessels moored to offshore installations. Physical testing was carried out using 1/100th scale models of supply vessels and specialised moorings in regular waves of varying frequency and height. Irregular waves will be used in future tests and the effect of wind examined in greater detail.

The paper presents typical results from model tests which include vessel motions in yaw, surge and sway as well as mooring loads in the stern lines and the bow chain. Bow moorings examined are tethered buoys to which the vessel's anchor chain is attached. Two different configurations, as presently being employed in the North Sea, are investigated and compared with results obtained using a catenary bow mooring, provided by the supply vessel's own anchor chain. It is shown that these bow moorings, in conjunction with conventional stern lines alone, are not sufficient to prevent adverse vessel motions at wave frequencies which could be encountered close to natural frequencies of the system. Results are also presented to illustrate the effect of pretensioning the bow mooring. Finally, an investigation was carried out to assess the performance of a position-controlled winch system used in conjunction with the stern moorings. The tests showed that significantly lower line-tensions were obtained in comparison with the conventional stern moorings and snatching was eliminated. Furthermore the motions of the vessel were dramatically reduced.
Reducing provider workload while preserving patient safety via a 2-way texting intervention in Zimbabwe’s voluntary medical male circumcision program: study protocol for an un-blinded, prospective, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feldacker Caryl , Murenje Vernon , Barnhart Scott , Xaba Sinokuthemba , Makunike-Chikwinya Batsirai , Holeman Isaac , Tshimanga Mufuta
Published: January 2019

Background: Surgical male circumcision (MC) safely reduces risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission by up to 60%. The average rate of global moderate and severe adverse events is 0.8%: 99% of men heal from MC without incident. To reach the 2016 global MC target of 20 million, productivity must double in countries plagued by severe healthcare worker shortages like Zimbabwe. The ZAZIC consortium partners with the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care and performed over 120,000 MCs. MC care in Zimbabwe requires in-person, follow-up visits at post-operative days 2,7, and 42. ZAZIC program adverse event rate is 0.4%; therefore, overstretched clinic staff conducted more than 200,000 unnecessary reviews for MC clients without complications.
Methods: Through an un-blinded, prospective, randomized, control trial in two high-volume MC facilities, we will compare two groups of adult MC clients with cell phones randomized 1:1 into two groups: 1) routine care (control group N=361) and 2) clients who receive and respond to a daily text with in-person follow-up only if desired or if a complication is suspected (intervention N=361). If an intervention client responds affirmatively to any automated daily text with a suspected AE, an MC nurse will exchange manual, modifiable, scripted texts with the client to determine symptoms and severity, requesting an in-person visit if desired or warranted. Both arms will complete a study-specific, Day 14, in-person, follow-up review for verification of self-reports (intervention) and comparison (control). Data collection includes extraction of routine client MC records, 2WT study-specific database reports, and participant usability surveys. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis will explore differences between groups to determine if two-way texting (2wT) can safely reduce MC follow-up visits; estimate the cost savings associated with 2wT over routine MC follow-up; and assess the acceptability and feasibility of 2wT for scale-up.
Discussion: It is expected that this mobile health intervention will be as safe as routine care while providing distinct advantages in efficiency, costs, and reduced healthcare worker burden. The success of this intervention could lead to adaptation and adoption of this intervention at the national level, increasing efficiency of MC scale up, reducing burdens on providers and patients.
ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03119337. Registered April 18, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03119337
Keywords: Voluntary medical male circumcision, Zimbabwe, mobile health, healthcare delivery innovations
Sequential dual-site High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) treatment in chronic subjective tinnitus: study protocol of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Cardon Emilie , Rompaey Vincent Van , Jacquemin Laure , Mertens Griet , Vermeersch Hanne , Joossen Iris , Beyers Jolien , Vanderveken Olivier , de Heyning Paul Van , Topsakal Vedat , Gilles Annick
Published: January 2019

Background: Chronic tinnitus is a highly prevalent symptom, with many patients reporting considerable effects of tinnitus on quality of life. No clear evidence-based treatment options are currently available. While counseling-based methods are valuable in some cases, they are not sufficiently effective for all tinnitus patients. Neuromodulation techniques such as high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) are proposed to have positive effects on tinnitus severity but, to date, these effects have not been proven conclusively. The proposed trial will investigate the hypothesis that chronic tinnitus patients receiving HD-tDCS will report a positive effect on the impact of tinnitus on daily life, as compared to patients receiving sham stimulation.
Methods: This study proposes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with parallel group design. A total of 100 chronic tinnitus patients will be randomly allocated to an experimental group or a sham group, with allocation stratified according to gender and tinnitus severity. Patient and researcher will be blinded to the patient’s allocation. Patients will undergo six sessions of sequential dual-site HD-tDCS of the left temporal area and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Evaluations will take place at baseline, immediately following treatment, and at three and six months after the start of the therapy. The primary outcome measure is the change in Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) score. Secondary outcome measures include audiological measurements, cortical auditory evoked potentials, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status adjusted to test Hearing impaired individuals (RBANS-H), and supplementary questionnaires probing tinnitus severity and additional symptoms. By use of a linear regression model, the effects of HD-tDCS compared to sham stimulation will be assessed.
Discussion: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether HD-tDCS can reduce the impact of tinnitus on daily life in chronic tinnitus patients. To date, published trials on the effects of HD-tDCS on tinnitus suffer from a lack of standardization, and few randomized controlled trials exist. The proposed study will be the first adequately powered trial to investigate the effects of sequential dual-site HD-tDCS on tinnitus severity.
Trial registration: The present study protocol (version 2) was registered on 22 November 2018 at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03754127.
Keywords: Chronic tinnitus, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Neuromodulation, Randomized controlled trial
MINIMALLY-INVASIVE NON-SURGICAL VS. SURGICAL APPROACH FOR PERIODONTAL INTRABONY DEFECTS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Koidou Vasiliki , Salomone Simona , Hamborg Thomas , Allaker R , Ezra Rinat , Zou Lifong , Tsakos Georgios , Gkranias Nikos , Donos Nikos
Published: January 2019

Background: Periodontal intrabony defects are usually treated surgically with the aim to increase attachment and bone levels and reduce risk of progression. However, recent studies have suggested that a minimally-invasive non-surgical therapy (MINST) leads to considerable clinical and radiographic defect depth reductions in intrabony defects. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of a modified MINST approach with a surgical approach (modified minimally-invasive surgical therapy, M-MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects.
Methods: This is a parallel-group single-centre examiner-blind non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with a sample size of 66 patients. Inclusion criteria are age 25-70, diagnosis of periodontitis stage III or IV (grades A to C), presence of ≥1 ‘intrabony defect’ with probing pocket depth (PPD) >5 mm and intrabony defect depth ≥3mm. Smokers and patients who received previous periodontal treatment to the study site within the last 12 months will be excluded. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the modified MINST or the M-MIST protocol and will be assessed up to 15 months following initial therapy. The primary outcome of the study is radiographic intrabony defect depth change at 15 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are PPD and clinical attachment loss (CAL) change, inflammatory markers and growth factors in gingival crevicular fluid, bacterial detection, gingival inflammation and healing (as measured by geometric/thermal camera imaging in a subset of 10 test and 10 control patients) and patient-reported outcomes.
Discussion: This study will produce evidence about the clinical efficacy and potential applicability of a modified MINST protocol for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, as a less invasive alternative to the use of surgical procedures.
Trial registration: This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov NCT03797807 (date registered: 9 January 2019).
Keywords: Periodontitis, intrabony defect, minimally-invasive, quality of life, bone
Anticoagulant effects of different calcium supplementation pathways in calcium-free RCA-CVVH: a study protocol for a prospective randomized cross-over trial
Authors: JIANG Biantong , ZHANG Zhigang , JIN Xiu , WANG Haiye , WU Yuchen , ZHANG Caiyun
Published: January 2019

Background When regional citrate anticoagulation used in continuous renal replacement therapy, one of the key aspects to achieve safe and effective extracorporeal circulation is the management of calcium ions. For calcium-free RCA-CVVH, the anticoagulant effects of different calcium supplementation pathways have not yet been explored. In this trial, we would test our hypothesis that compared with the SCV, when calcium was infused through the VL-FV, the arterial iCa2+ was lower.
Methods This is a prospective randomized cross-over trial involving 24 patients undergoing RCA-CVVH. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: VL-FV—SCV group and SCV—VL-FV group. The difference of iCa2+ between arterial iCa2+ and post-filtration iCa2+ was compared. Secondary indicators included the incidence rates of catheter dysfunction and hypocalcemia.
Discussion This is the first trial on the anticoagulant effects of calcium-free RCA-CVVH through different calcium supplement routes. We will confirm that the arterial iCa2 + level is slightly lower when calcium is infused in the VL-FV than in the SCV, and the incidence rates of catheter dysfunction and hypocalcemia will help us to determine which site is safer.
Trial Registration CHiCTR registry: ChiCTR1800020046. Registered on 12 December 2018. (http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx).
Keywords: Continuous venous-venous hemofiltration, regional citrate anticoagulation, calcium, effect, safety, cross-over trial
The Effect of Staking vs. Ground Culture on Tomato Postharvest Losses
Authors: Tietjen W.H. , Maletta M. , Cowgill W.P. , Nitzsche P. , Johnston S.A.
Published: January 2019

Freshly harvested and graded tomatoes were held for 7 days at 21C in 1993 and 15.5C in 1994. After the holding period, the fruit were examined for decay development. In 1993, decay losses were not significantly different between cultural treatments, possibly due to a very warm and dry growing season. However, decay losses were significantly different during a wet 1994 growing season. Stake-grown fruit decay loss was 10.1% vs. 34.1% loss for ground culture. Losses due to anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) was significantly higher on the ground culture fruit (8.7%) than on the stake culture fruit (0.5%). Sour/watery rot (Geotrichum candidum), Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer), bacterial soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) and the black mold rot complex (Alternaria, Stemphylium, Pleospora) were the other predominant postharvest decays.
Genetic Relationships of Diploid Plums Based on RAPD Polymorphisms
Authors: Boonprakob Unaroj , Byrne David H.
Published: January 2019

Diploid plums such as Prunus salicina, P. simonii, P. cerasifera, P. americana, P. angustifolia, P. mexicana, and their hybrids have a high level of RAPD polymorphisms. Of 71 successfully used primers, there are 417 reproducible RAPD markers and only 55 (13%) markers are not polymorphic. Genetic relationships of these diploid plums based on RAPD data is estimated using genetic distance (GD) defined as GDij = 1 – Sij, where Sij is similarity coefficient. Two similarity coefficients, Jaccard's and simple matching coefficient, are compared. Simple matching always yields higher similarity coefficients. Genetic distance within and between each gene pool: California, southeastern U.S., foreign, is estimated. Genetic distances of these diploid plums ranged from 0.32 to 0.68, and agreed well with the natural geographic distribution of the species. The cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group methods using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) was used to construct phenograms to summarize the relationships among these cultivated diploid plums and plum species.
Effect of Lime, Irrigation Water Quality, and Water-soluble Fertilizer on pH and Macronutrient Management of Peat-based Root Media
Authors: Argo William R. , Biernbaum John A.
Published: January 2019

Impatiens were planted into peat-based media containing two dolomitic liming materials [Ca(OH)2·Mg(OH)2 at 1.8 kg·m–3 or CaCO3·MgCO3 at 8.4 kg·m–3] and subirrigated for 17 weeks using four irrigation water qualities (IWQ) with varied alkalinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S content and three water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) with varied NH4:NO3 ratio, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S content. After 8 weeks, medium pH ranged from 4.5 to 8.5. Lime type did not affect the long-term increase in medium pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations with IWQ/WSF solutions containing low NH4-N and high Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. The carbonate lime did buffer the medium pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations with IWQ/WSF solutions containing high NH4-N and low Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. With both lime types, there was a linear increase in tissue Ca and Mg as the applied concentrations increased from 0.5 to 4.0 mol·m–3 Ca2+ and 0.3 to 3.0 mol·m–3 Mg2+ with the various IWQ/WSF. The relationship was similar for both lime types up to week 8, after which tissue Ca and Mg decreased with the hydrated lime and low solution Ca2+ and Mg2+. Relationships were also developed between the applied SO4-S concentration and tissue S and medium pH and tissue P.
Controlled-release Fertilizer and Constant Media Moisture Affects the Growth of a Salt-sensitive and Salt-tolerant New Guinea Impatiens Cultivar
Authors: Haver Darren L. , Schuch Ursula K.
Published: January 2019

Salt-sensitive (`Illusion') and salt-tolerant (`Blazon') New Guinea impatiens cultivars were grown for 70 days with a controlled-release fertilizer at 3.3, 6.6, or 9.9 g/pot under constant media moisture of 1–3 kPa or 4–6 kPa. Optimum growth for both cultivars occurred using 6.6 g/pot and a media moisture level of 1–3 kPa. The leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) were significantly reduced at 9.9 g/pot in `Illusion', with values similar to those at 3.3 g/pot. LDW, SDW, RDW, LA, and LN were similar for 6.6 g/pot and 9.9 g/pot in `Blazon'. At 4–6 kPa LDW, SDW, RDW, LA, and LN decreased from low to high in `Illusion'. LA in `Blazon' also decreased from low to high, but LDW, SDW, RDW, and LN were unaffected. Media EC levels were greater in the upper half of the media regardless of moisture level. EC values as high as 7.3 dS·m–1 in the upper half of the media and as high as 5.2 dS·m–1 in the lower half of the media were measured without causing plant mortality.
Nitrate-N Distribution Pattern in Ground Water under a Florida Citrus Grove
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K.
Published: January 2019

An 8-ha block of 9-year-old Valencia orange trees, surrounded on three sides by drainage ditches, was divided into four equal-sized plots. A 4-m deep sampling well was drilled in the middle of each plot and a short piece of perforated pipe was placed above the water level in the bank of one of the drainage ditches to intercept seepage water. Water from the well in the third plot and the corresponding seepage pipe contained consistently NO3-N in the 20-ppm range, in contrast to the other sampling points, ranging from 0.1 to 9 ppm. Electrical conductivity was higher in plots 3 and 4, downstream from plots 1 and 2, in the ground water flow. Sodium in the water followed the same pattern P and K were the same, and pH was higher in plots 1 and 2 than in 3 and 4. Soil pH (5.2–5.8) and water-extractable NO3-N showed no patterns, organic matter (0.79% to 0.12%) and soil moisture (5.5% to 6.3%) were higher in plots 3 and 4. Leaf nitrogen (2.60% to 2.90%) was highest in the high-nitrate plot 3. The soil on the east side of this plot showed a higher nitrate-holding capacity compared to the other plots in an anion-exchange capacity procedure.
Production System and Copper Hydroxide Influences on Growth and Photosynthesis of Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary'
Authors: Ruter John M.
Published: January 2019

A study was conducted with Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary' to evaluate the effects of a pot-in-pot production system compared to a conventional aboveground production system and containers treated with or without copper hydroxide (Spin Out™). At 4 and 12 months after beginning the study, plants grown pot-in-pot were taller than plants in the conventional system. Stem diameters of plants grown pot-in-pot were also larger at 12 months. Production system influenced root dry weight in the outer 50% of the container, total root dry weight, percent root dry weight in the inner 50% of the container, percent root dry weight in the outer 50% of the container, and total biomass. Production system had no effect on shoot dry weight. Treatment with copper hydroxide had no effect on root or shoot growth. Production system and copper treatment influenced degree of root coverage. Plants grown pot-in-pot had higher rates of Ps and gs with increased Ci levels compared to plants above-ground. Production system had no effect on calculated transpiration rates.
Paraheliotropic Leaf Movement of Bush Bean in Response to Water Availability and Air Temperature
Authors: Raeini-Sarjaz M. , Barthakur N.N.
Published: January 2019

Paraheliotropic leaf movements of bush bean were studied in relation to water availability, ambient temperature, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance in a growth chamber. Unifoliate leaf angle from the horizontal (LA), stomatal conductance (G), and leaf water potential (WP) were measured at noon to minimize the effect of leaf movements due to circadian rhythm. Photoperiod and light intensity on the foliage were kept constant at 14 h, and 200 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively, throughout the measurements. Negative correlations were obtained between water availability (WA) and LA (R = –0.93), and WP and LA (R = –0.85), whereas positive correlations were shown between WA and WP (R = 0.90), WA and G (R = 0.90), and WP and G (0.84) at 35C air temperature. Similar correlations were observed at 25C between WA and LA (R = –0.91), WP and LA (R = –0.79), WA and WP (R = 0.91), WA and G (R = 0.68), and WP and G (R = 0.76). Air temperature significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affected leaf movements.