bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinamika Partai Politik Indonesia untuk Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia yang Demokratis
Authors: Thohir Muhammad
Published: September 2019

Political party has position and important part of democration and rule of law systems. There are both of their correlation systems based on sovereignity. According to rule of law that secure human right, esspecially at freedom of political. Political party is one of democrationed media. So Romo Magnis suseno said that democration without rule of law unmeaning. Problem solving in these cases are what is mean of political party and how daoes political party build rule of law by democration principle. Conclusion that dynamical of Indonesian political party has tended to goverment power and did not look state interest itself. That tendension focuses to monopolized of goverment at the other sector. We knew that political party is tool of public aspiration to make good condition. It is one of intitutional which has ideal, vision, though and public care sense of  democration. And in constructing democration of Rule of law system and good governance must be created by good public service, openes and accountability of state institutions. Because of them we must do rule of law and democrations principles. Example professional free press and educated.
Penyebaran Nilai-Nilai Lingkungan di Masyarakat Petani Pedesaan (Studi Etnografi Komunikasi pada Masyarakat Desa Tenam Bungkuk, Semende Darat Kabupaten Muara Enim, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan)
Authors: Yenrizal Yenrizal
Published: September 2019

Environmental values prevailing in a society associated with a community perspective in viewing environment. These values look at society and the environment as a whole. The research looked at how these environmental values into a symbols are interpreted together and then disseminated throughout the community. There is a process of environmental communication that shows how human interaction with the natural environment, especially in rural communities. Through ethnographic methods of communication, the results of this study indicate that there is a process of meaning in society is the construction process on the environment. It is spread from one generation to the next through activities in accordance with the typology and characteristics of the community, namely Semende community. This deployment takes place naturally and follow routines residents, with the main viewpoint is the integrity and sustainability of the local environment.
Upaya Komisi Pemilihan Umum Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Pemilih pada Pilkada Serentak 2018 dan Pemilu Serentak 2019
Authors: Yesi Yesi
Published: September 2019

This study explains the efforts of the South Sumatra Provincial Election Commission in increasing the political participation of the people of South Sumatra in the 2018 Simultaneous Local Election and 2019 Concurrent Elections. Democracy is determined by the voice of the people, and is closely related to legitimacy "the fewer choose the lower legitimacy, the more they choose high legitimacy. "Legitimacy is very important because of the initial legitimacy of everything in the process of implementing power from the leader. The problem in this study is how the South Sumatra Provincial Election Commission's efforts in increasing community political participation in the 2018 simultaneous regional elections and 2019 simultaneous elections, and public response to the efforts made by the South Sumatra Provincial Election Commission. This study aims to describe the efforts of the KPU of South Sumatra Province and find out the public response to the efforts of the KPU of South Sumatra Province. Theoretically this research is useful to be a reference in the study of political science and is able to become a reference in future research related to the ongoing democracy in Indonesia and the practical benefits of being able to become input to the KPU of South Sumatra Province. The theory used by researchers is Max Weber's legitimacy theory where this theory explains how important participation is to legitimacy. By using descriptive type method and qualitative approach, the data obtained by using interviews, observation, and documentation. Researcher's location is at the KPU of South Sumatra Province. The results of the study show that the KPU of South Sumatra Province has made 350 efforts to increase the political participation of the people. The result prived that the political participation percentage in crease from 63% in 2013, 69,2% in 2018, and 81,42% in 2019. Efforts to increase people's political participation will continue to be increased.
SPONTANEOUS INTRACHIASMAL HEMORRHAGE: CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Kushniruk P. I , Medvedev V. G , Filatov K. G , Busygin A. E , Lomakina V. E
Published: September 2019

This article discusses a clinical case intrachiasmal hemorrhage. Patient V., 51 yo. entered the hospital with complaints of a lack of vision in the right eye, a severe deterioration in the vision in the left eye and a diffuse headache. The examination revealed optic nerve chiasm change having the features of hemorrhage in the subacute phase. During the operation, pay attention significantly increased and gray-blue color optic chiasm and the initial sections of the right optic tract. When dissecting the pial membrane of the chiasm at a depth of 1 mm, a dense cystic formation was found. The masses corresponding to the hematoma in the organization stage are removed from the cavity of the cystic formation. In the early postoperative period, the patient noted an improvement in vision in the left eye. The described clinical case demonstrates the possibility of early decompression of optic and the importance of radical removal of chiasmatic hematomas without significant deterioration of the neurological and visual deficit in the postoperative period.
Narrative bioethics in the search of “other” world (on example of the J. Steinbeck’s novel “the grapes of wrath”)
Authors: Smirnov K. S
Published: September 2019

The perspective foreshortening of bioethical discourse known as narrative bioethics is analysed in article. This analysis is realized on example of the novel “The Grapes of wrath” of the outstanding American author John Steinbeck. Deconstruction in its ethical aspect of the discourse of justice is used as method of bioethical reflection. The text of the novel is interpreted as pharmacon, medical remedy, medicine for the human individual soul and for all social organism. The result of the analysis is the principle that “other” world is not at all real socially-cultural place existing somewhere on the Earth. People themselves (Joads’family in the novel) are bringing in themselves this “other” world: world of humanity, good, justice which excludes individualism and aggression. Thus “other” world is the discourse of bioethics as the “science of survival” in the face of inhuman capitalistic system. Given discourse can serve for the basis of the creation of global bioethos as real space of justice and new, bioethical metanarrative which is able to be real alternative to economical discourse of total capital.
«The rules of the game» in the bioethics institutions
Authors: Sidorova T. A
Published: September 2019

The article reveals the methodological prerequisites for analyzing the institutional aspect of bioethics. Three main interpretations of the concept of "institution" are considered, which highlight a structure, functions and ideational meaning of social forms. The author sees the theoretical substantiation of this triad in the Hegelian forms of the objective spirit. Modern neoinstitutionalism understands the “rules of the game” under the institutions and expands the thesaurus of institutional theory. An attempt was made to apply these concepts to more accurately define the heterogeneous institutional formations in bioethics. Rethinking the assertion that the institutional side of bioethics is represented only by ethical committees.
How can we overcome the crisis of the medical humanities?
Authors: Sedova N. N.
Published: September 2019

Medical humanities is a complex of scientific and educational concepts that ensure the integration of medical theory and practice in the context of society. The current crisis of medical humanities is associated with the intensive development of new biotechnologies and a much slower process of developing explanatory hypotheses, normative regulators and social forecasts of their use in practice. This lag could be regarded as natural, if not for the pace of technological progress, by orders of magnitude higher than all previous changes in the technological sphere. The paradox is that the society interested in humanitarian expertise of application of new technologies, at the same time brakes its development. From a philosophical point of view, this is a typical substitution of value - technology becomes self-valuable, and the understanding of what happens as a result of their application, recedes into the background. The most dangerous thing in this situation is the change of approaches to training, which will work with new technologies. Digital medicine requires operational skills, the time for the acquisition of which is "taken" in universities from "non-core" (mainly humanitarian) disciplines. Therefore, every year the trend of dehumanization of medical education is increasing in Russian medical universities. The asset of the annual all-Russian scientific and practical conference "Philosophical problems of biology and medicine" addressed, in connection with the situation, an Open letter to the Ministries, Committees of the State Duma and the All-Russian Popular Front. The letter has already received much more signatures than is required for the consideration of such a document. We publish his full text and our comment below.
COASTAL COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY AND THE ROLE OF LOCAL INFORMAL LEADERS
Authors: Purwowibowo Purwowibowo , Santoso Budhy , Nufus Belgis Hayyinatun , Hendrijanto Kris
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the empowerment of coastal communities and the role of local informal leader in mangrove forest conservation. Mangrove forest has an ecological function of protecting the environment, including: resisting coastal abrasion, tsunamis, and breeding grounds for marine biota. Socio-economically, mangrove forest provides the beauty and comfort of the environment and is as learning facilities, so that they can be packaged as a destination for tourism. The condition of mangrove forest has been damaged but there have not been many results of conservation efforts that have been made. The conservation program is top-down and does not involve local community participation. In order to realize community participation in mangrove forest conservation an active and creative role is needed from informal leaders. This study uses a qualitative approach and is carried out in two districts, namely Jember and Banyuwangi Regencies. The result shows that local informal leaders have a strategic position, unique, respected, able to be role models and drivers of community activities so that coastal communities can jointly carry out mangrove forest conservation activities.

Keywords: local informal leaders, community empowerment, participation, conservation, mangrove forests.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF OYSTER MUSHROOM AGRIBUSINESS IN JEMBER DISTRICT
Authors: Saputra Andriansyah Setiawan , Hani Evita Soliha , Suciati Luh Putu
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the risk management of oyster mushroom agribusiness in Jember District. Oyster mushroom farming as an alternative to post harvest and can be used for meat and fish substitution foods. In fact there is a factors that are difficult to predict, easy to change and cannot be controlled. Constraints in agricultural excellence such as environmental risk, production risk, supply risk and demand risk. Implementation management needs to be done to minimize the aspects to be disputed. one of the risk management methods is the FMEA method (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), this method is useful to identify and allow as much as possible. The research method used in literature studies. Study results show the highest risk  are contamination, pest disorders, inoculation, media sterilization dan sifting of raw materials

Keywords : Oyster Mushroom, Risk Management
SMART CITY'S SUCCESS: THE IMPORTANCE OF STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
Authors: Novita Dila , Supranoto Supranoto
Published: September 2019

The smart city is an effort to offer solutions to the problems and needs of urban communities efficiently and effectively, for which understanding of the application of information technology and collaboration of various stakeholders is needed. The aim of this work is to analyze the implementation of Smart City Bekasi and to understand the importance of stakeholder collaboration to gain successfully smart city. This study applied qualitative methodology by conducting content analysis for online news media, in-depth interviews to Bekasi City Government, and participant observation. The result of the study that the success of the smart city not only be able to rely on the availability of advanced information technologies but the more important is the ability of personnel to operate the technology, in addition to the necessary collaboration of all stakeholders (government, public, private) so that the vision of the city can be realized through the application of smart city. The limitation of the people of Bekasi City to the ongoing program shows the need for more massive and intensive media involvement, especially online media in disseminating information regarding smart cities.

Keywords: Collaboration; Information Technology; Smart City; Stakeholders
THE ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL RESTAURANT TAX REVENUE IN BANYUWANGI REGENCY
Authors: Puspita Yeni , Wicaksono Galih
Published: September 2019

Banyuwangi is a regency which promotes tourism sector, shown by several festivals and new tourism destinations. The regency has risen the multiplier effect on other sectors, especially tax revenue. This research aims at investigating the potential of restaurant’s tax as a result of improvement in tourism sector and the policy strategy organized by the government in optimizing the income from restaurant’s tax. This research was conducted through the survey and interview. This research applied mix method, the result of this research indicate that the potential of restaurant’s tax in Banyuwangi is IDR 25.768.142.679. In fact, the target set in 2016 was IDR 7.000.000.000,-. There are several strategies implemented to increase the revenue from the potential taxes of restaurant, inter alia 1) intensive socialization of food to the taxpayer 2) involving other institutions in the implementation of restaurant tax, for example the sub-district and village, 3) carefully monitoring held on taxpayers, 4) giving some administration and morals sanctions for taxpayers who disobey restaurant’s tax regulations, 5) innovation of paying restaurant’s tax by online media to facilitate the taxpayer in fulfilling tax obligations.

Keywords: Target, Realization, tax potential, restaurant’s tax, policy
THE EFFECT OF MARKET ORIENTATION, BRANDING, AND ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE ON SMALL-SCALE BUSINESSES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY-BASED PRODUCTS IN JEMBER
Authors: Wahyudi Edy , Wicaksono Galih , Dimyati Mohamad , Riawati Nian
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine market orientation, branding, and organizational performance in small businesses that produce biotechnology-based products in Jember. The object of this research is small businesses that produce biotechnology-based products in Jember Regency, taking samples of 90 small businesses. This study grapples with primary data, which is data obtained from distributing questionnaires to the small business actors. Methods of data analysis involved multiple linear regression. The research results demonstrate that market orientation and branding altogether pose a significant effect on organizational performance. Partially, it is only the branding variable which exerts a significant effect on organizational performance, while the market orientation variable has no significant effect on organizational performance.

Keywords: Market Orientation, Branding, Organizational Performance, small businesses, biotechnology
THE SUCCESS OF POLICY ADVOCACY IN PUBLIC DIALOGUE AS A POLICY MAKING
Authors: Habibah Bintan Aulia , Rahardian Ramaditya , Arista Panji Windu
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to find out the success of policy advocacy in Public Dialogue as a policy making in Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the objectives, this research is a qualitative descriptive research which presents and provides a detailed description of the success of policy advocacy in Public Dialogue as a policy making. The research location was in the Office of Comunication and Information and Hall of Malowopati. A snowball technique was used to determine the informants. The method of collecting data was in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. A triangulation technique was used to check the validity of the data. The Public Dialogue is an open space for the community and the Bojonegoro regency Government to communicate directly in order to influence the policy making. This research utilized an advocacy strategy from Roem Topatimasang to form a core circle, choose strategic issues, process data and information, influence policy makers, and monitor and assess programs. The research results found that Public Dialogue was one of the tools of the community to influence a public policy in Bojonegore Regency.

Keywords: Public Dialogue, Policy Advocacy, Public Policy
VILLAGE INNOVATION THROUGH VILLAGE INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM (SAID) IN BONDOWOSO DISTRICT EAST JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Riawati Nian
Published: September 2019

The Evaluation of Pilot Project Universitas Membangun Desa (UMD) focuses on the development of villages in Bondowoso district of East Java province through the innovation of the use of information technology. This study presents an evaluation of the implementation of a pilot project of the Village Information Administration System (SAID) implemented in ten villages located in two wringin and cermee sub districts in 2016. This program is an innovative collaboration between Jember University, Community Collaboration and welfare services (KOMPAK) and Australian Aid. The purpose of this program is to build a Village Information System (SID) and utilize it to create an independent village in data and information, introduction of village potential and marketing of village superior products. through a qualitative approach, this research can describe the context and setting naturally through observation, interviews with stakeholders and beneficiaries of the program. The results show that the Village Information Administration System (SAID) is able to accelerate and improve the quality of village government services but there are several problems in its implementation such as internet network problems, low human resource competence, lack of support from village government and inadequate facilities and infrastructure.

Keywords: Village Information Administration System, Information Technology Innovation, Independent Village
Visions of the Possible: Engaging with Librarians in SoTL
Authors: McClurg Caitlin , MacMillan Margy , Chick Nancy
Published: September 2019

This paper encourages thoughtful discussion on cross-disciplinary partnerships between scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) researchers, practioners, and librarians. Through personal reflection, examples from the literature and a belief in meaningful collaboration, the authors describe various models of engagement that provides multiple points of entry for librarians to work others on common SoTL interests.
Dialogue: In Conversation with Elizabeth Minnich
Authors: Chng Huang Hoon
Published: September 2019

At the ISSOTL Conference in Bergen, Norway (October 2018), we were privileged to have heard a lecture by Professor Elizabeth Minnich, on “People who are not thinking Are capable of anything: What are students learning, how are students learning it, and does it make them better people?” As a follow up, in November 2019, Chng Huang Hoon (then-ISSOTL Vice President - Asia Pacific) invited the ISSOTL community to field their questions for Professor Minnich. Questions from four ISSOTL members were received. TLI has provided the platform to enable us to continue that important conversation.

The participants are:

Elizabeth Minnich, philosopher, author, teacher, Distinguished Fellow (Association of American Colleges & Universities).

John Draeger, Professor of Philosophy and Director, Teaching and Learning Center, SUNY Buffalo State, USA.

Torgny Roxå, Associate Professor and Academic Developer, Excellent Teaching Practitioner, Centre for Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Sweden.

Johan Geertsema, Associate Professor (University Scholars Programme) and Director, Centre for Development of Teaching and Learning, National University of Singapore.

Chng Huang Hoon, Associate Professor (English Language & Literature), Associate Provost (Undergraduate Education) and Director (Chua Thian Poh Community Leadership Centre), National University of Singapore.

This conversation is in 3-parts:

1) Part One: Thoughtfulness, Thoughtlessness, Thinking and Teaching

2) Part Two: Thoughtlessness, scholarly reflection, and Outcomes-based teaching and learning

3) Part Three: Intensive and Extensive SoTL
Strata and Strategies of Teaching about the Global “Other” Using Critical Feminist Pedagogical Praxis
Authors: Chakravarty Debjani
Published: September 2019

In this paper I analyze the way “globalization” is deployed in U.S. universities as a value-addition. I explore issues of teaching about the global “other,” as well as the “third world” and other unfamiliar, objectified spaces. Through critical discourse analysis of syllabi I outline some representational and pedagogical trends. I also draw from my experience of teaching globalization-focused courses, including courses on transnational feminisms, international literature, social movements, migrations and socio-economic exchanges to undergraduate students. Teaching about "the other" often leads to a multiplier effect of "othering" within the classroom. Using transnational feminist perspectives, I argue that teaching such classes, on "global" "transnational" or "international" women, gender, sexuality and feminisms require de-centering not just dominant paradigms but also of oneself as purveyor of insider/global knowledge. I also argue, like many others before me, that a classroom can serve as a site for epistemic injustices and colonizing acts, and we must attempt to find ways in which such neo-colonial damages can be mitigated. This paper is an exercise in finding some ways to de-center and decolonize dominant discourses on the global "other” and suggest critical and compassionate pedagogical strategies.
Interpreting Students' Experiences with Academic Disappointments Using Resourcefulness Scores as a Lens
Authors: Martin Rebecca D , Kennett Deborah J
Published: September 2019

Most postsecondary students have to deal with academic disappointments at some point in time, with many of them succumbing to their anxieties and failing to learn from these lived experiences. Our study aimed to understand the “why and how” disappointments unfolded in a sample of 20 undergraduate students, using a design whereby interview text was concurrently analyzed across the continuum of learned resourcefulness in conjunction with an inductive, data-driven coding, and theme generation perspective. Reasons for attending university, attributional style, coping and learning, and perceptions of others markedly differed for high- and low- resourcefulness scorers. Whereas high-resourceful scorers used academic disappointments as a motivator to engage in more effort and problem-solving strategies, low scorers ruminated and tried to forget about them. Suggestions are provided on ways to effectively help students become more resourceful and in control of their studies.
Dos meandros às serras
Authors: Polito Jéssica de Almeida , Victal Jane
Published: September 2019

Entre vales, campos e serras, na região de fronteira entre os territórios administrativos de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, configurou-se uma paisagem cultural plural, multifacetada e profundamente relacionada com as possibilidades da terra. Aqui identificada por Paisagem Mogiana, local de fluxo e convergência de muitos entes entre os Século XVII e XIX, teve sua configuração e significado alterado pelo material e o simbólico.  De modo amplo, as questões apresentadas contribuem para a compreensão do jogo de avanços e recuos referentes aos limites administrativos paulistas e mineiros, até meados do Século XIX. O delinear de um modo de vida às barrancas dos rios, faz surgir um tipo de sertanejo adaptado às potencialidades daquela terra, como consequência de um processo de enraizamento. Se em um primeiro momento o conhecimento sobre a paisagem esteve relacionado a um modo de vida e cultura nativa, em que as relações entre matéria e espírito se apresentavam de modo indissociável e conferiam a ela um aspecto sagrado e místico; noutro, com a inserção de novos agentes sociais e heranças diluídas de uma cultura cristã adaptada às condições hostis do sertão, teve seu significado atrelado à lendas da cultura medieval portuguesa.  Em um terceiro momento, mediante os ideais progressista e cientificista, tem-se a desconstrução dos dois primeiros significados, passando a corresponder aos anseios de fiscalização, organização e avanços quanto ao domínio territorial. A passagem do segundo para o terceiro momento associa-se, também, à chegada de novos aportes tecnológicos como as linhas de telégrafos e estradas de ferro – incluindo-se como marco a promulgação da Lei de Terras, em 1850 - em conjunto, estas mudanças acabam por inserir o indivíduo sertanejo em uma nova dinâmica, sem a possibilidade de retorno à estrutura anterior.
A MODELAGEM DE UMA RESTRIÇÃO DO TIMETABLE
Authors: Mikuska Marcia Ines Schabarum , Rosa Carlos Eurico Galvão , Scheer Sergio , Góes Anderson Roges Teixeira
Published: September 2019

A classe de problemas Timetable abrange diversas situações em que são feitas atribuições de horários para execução de tarefas específicas atendendo a restrições propostas pelos envolvidos ou pelo contexto, como escalas de trabalho de enfermarias, motoristas do transporte coletivo e professores. A quantidade de possíveis soluções costuma ser grande, por tratar-se de combinações de situações. A modelagem das restrições do problema é crucial para se obter uma solução aceitável através de processos heurísticos e meta-heurísticos. Neste trabalho é apresentada a construção de um modelo matemático para uma situação específica de um problema Timetable escolar (Scholar Timetable Problem) envolvendo a disponibilidade do professor. Em problemas dessa característica é necessário atender as disponibilidades do professor, respeitando a quantidade de aulas da disciplina, a quantidade de aulas por dia, etc. Embora existam programas que efetuem essa distribuição, estes geralmente são pagos, e normalmente a equipe escolar tenta manualmente desenvolver a grade, o que dependendo das restrições torna-se inviável.
E ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE SECAGEM DE ARROZ PARBOILIZADO EM LEITO DE JORRO
Authors: Rodrigues Torres Paolini Igor , Dias Santos Jônatas , A.S Goulart Gilberto
Published: September 2019

O arroz é um dos principais produtos de suprimento energético de uma sociedade contemporânea, sendo assim, torna-se indispensável estudar processos que venham na perspectiva de obtenção de um produto com propriedades funcionais e organolépticas adequadas ao consumo humano. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos das variáveis temperatura e carga de alimentação do secador leito de jorro no processo de secagem do arroz parboilizado, avaliando as características físicas e químicas do produto final. Como caracterização física das partículas de arroz parboilizado, seco em leito do jorro, foi efetuado, o diâmetro de partícula, esfericidade e massa específica, apresentado valores de 2,27 mm, 0,83 e 1,20 g/cm³ respectivamente. As condições para os parâmetros carga de alimentação e temperatura definidas na secagem do arroz parboilizado foram de 1000 g e temperatura de 40°C e 60°C em um tempo de 45 minutos. Como resultado para as amostras 1B e 2B, foi possível obter os seguintes valores de umidade de 15,7% e 15,1%, rendimento de 76,56% e 75,37%, atividade de água de 0,678 e 0,670 respectivamente. As amostras 1B e 2B apresentaram coloração mais escura que amostra controle de arroz branco, conforme sistema de análise de cor CIELAB.
Trilactic Glyceride Benefits Intestinal Function of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Wu Tao , Li Kang , Lyu Yang , Yi Dan , Zhao Di , Wang Lei , Ding Binying , Hou Yongqing , Wu Guoyao
Published: September 2019

Both lactic acid and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) play important roles in maintenance of intestinal epithelial structure and function. Trilactic glyceride (TLG) obtains both excellences of lactic acid and SCFA. This study was to investigate the effects of trilactic glyceride on growth performance, blood parameters, liver function, intestinal morphology and intestine function of piglets. Twelve weaned piglets (21±2 d) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: 1) control group, piglets fed the basal diet; 2) TLG group, piglets fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % TLG. On day 21 of the trial, D-xylose (0.1 g/kg·BW) was orally administrated to all piglets and blood samples were collected 1 h thereafter. Then, all the piglets were sacrificed to examine intestinal mucosal morphology and collect fatty tissue, liver and intestinal mucosa for further analysis. The results showed that: compared with the control group, TLG group decreased blood ALB and GGT on day 10 and 20, TLG group decreased blood TP and increased blood TG on day 20 of the trail (p < 0.05); TLG group decreased blood D-xylose and LDL, increased blood HDL (p < 0.05). These data suggested that supplementing trilactic glyceride had beneficial impacts on promoting nutrients’ metabolism, maintaining intestinal integrity, and alleviating oxidative stress and diarrhoea. Further research of molecular mechanisms showed changing expression levels of related proteins and genes, suggesting that these could be involved in the regulation of the impact. The community composition of the gut microbiota was also found to be altered in several operational taxonomic units within the genus, Prevotella (order Bacteroidales), and the order, Clostridiales.
The Office of Innovation: As Core Initiative to Bolster Novel Pharmaceutical Products-The Cuban Approach
Authors: Romeu Belkis , Perez Cristiá Rafael
Published: September 2019

Regulatory agencies across the Latin American Region have strengthened the regulatory science through the development of new tools, standards and various other related parameters to evaluate and assess safety, efficacy, quality and performance. The former have been implemented to promote and incorporate new drugs and technologies, which still, are a challenge to well-established regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, in today’s environment, the existing regulatory framework protecting public’s health creates barriers for market entry of novel drugs and medical devices. This article aims to the pioneering work that Cuban Regulatory Agency (CECMED) has been developing with the aim to build a strong regulatory framework geared to accelerated innovation and the successful transition from research and development to clinical development. The Office of Innovation recently established at the CECMED is the first flagship in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Its aim is to play a leading role as a driving force for the national and regional biopharmaceutical innovation. This article will discuss the Office of Innovation its conceptualisation and management taking into account the Latin American regional and national Cuban context.
Design of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer fiber with two-way shape memory effect
Authors: Qi Xiaoming , Yang Wentong , Yu Laiming , Wang Wenjun , Lu Haohao , Wu Yanglong , Zhu Shanwen , Zhu Yaofeng , Liu Xiangdong , Dong Yubing , Fu Yaqin
Published: September 2019

One-dimensional shape memory polymer fibers (SMPFs) have obvious advantages in mechanical properties, dispersion properties and weavability. In this work, a method for fabricating semi-crystallization ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) fiber with two-way shape memory effect by melt spinning and ultraviolet (UV) curing was developed. Here, the effect of crosslink density on its performance was systematically analyzed by gel fraction measurement, tensile tests, DSC and TMA analysis. The results showed that the crosslink density and shape memory properties of EVA fiber could be facilely adjusted by controlling UV curing time. The resulting EVA fiber with cylindrical structure had a diameter of 247.13 ± 10.07 μm, and its mechanical strength and elongation at break were 64.46 MPa and 114.33%, respectively. The critical impact of the crosslink density and applied constant stress on the two-way shape memory effect were analyzed. Moreover, the single EVA fiber could lift more than 143 times its own weight and achieve 9% reversible actuation strain. The reversible actuation capability was significantly enhanced by a simple winding design of the single EVA fiber, which provided great potential applications in smart textiles, flexible actuators and artificial muscles.
MOOCs at the Crossroads: A Literature Review and Reflection Drawing upon Discourse Analysis
Authors: Mohebi Laila , F. Ponce Marcelo
Published: September 2019

This study is a synthesis of 159 articles that were selected for their relevance to comprehend key aspects of the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) phenomenon, from a discourse analysis perspective. Since 2011, MOOCs are expanding worldwide so that the number of subscribers outpointed 101 million at the end of 2018. This paper explores the question whether the MOOCs are the embodiment of the global one-world classroom or whether, instead, they represent a low-cost alternative tailored to a segment that doesn´t have enough time or resources to attend a brick-and-mortar college. In addition, the review tackles the link between motivation and low completion rates. Finally, we discuss the need to devise better methods to assess the pedagogical value of MOOCs.
Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections
Authors: Nelemans Tessa , Kikkert Marjolein
Published: September 2019

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-)emerging human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and in particular the interferon response form the important first line of defense against these viruses. Given their genetic flexibility, these viruses have therefore developed multiple strategies to evade the innate immune response in order to optimize their replication capacity. Already many molecular mechanisms of innate immune evasion by +ssRNA viruses have been identified. However, research addressing the effect of host innate immune evasion on the pathology caused by the viral infection is less prevalent in literature, though very relevant and interesting. Since interferons have been implicated in inflammatory diseases and immunopathology in addition to their protective role in infection, the influence of antagonizing the immune response may have an ambiguous effect on the clinical outcome of the viral disease. Therefore, this review discusses what is currently known about the role of interferons and host immune evasion in the pathogenesis of emerging viruses belonging to the coronaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses.
Kalman Filter for Leak Diagnosis in Pipelines: Brief History and Future Research
Authors: Torres Lizeth , Jiménez-Cabas Javier , González Omar , Molina Lazaro , López-Estrada Francisco-Ronay
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to provide a structural review of the progress made on detection and localization of leaks in pipelines by using approaches based on the Kalman filter. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first review on the t opic. In particular, it is the first to try to draw the attention of the leak detection community to the important contributions that use the Kalman filter as the core of a computational pipeline monitoring system. Without being exhaustive, we try to gather the results from different research groups and present them in a unified fashion. For this reason, we propose a classification of the current approaches based on the Kalman filter. For each of the existing approaches within this classification, the basic concepts, fundamental results, and relations with the other approaches are discussed in detail. The review starts from a short summary of basic concepts about state observers. Then, a brief history of the use of the Kalman filter for diagnosing leaks is described by mentioning the most outstanding approaches. At last, we briefly discuss some emerging research problems, such as the leak detection in pipelines transporting heavy oils, and we discuss the main challenges and some open problems.
Sexual Minority Women and Contraceptive Use: Complex Pathways Between Sexual Orientation and Health Outcomes
Authors: Higgins Jenny A. , Carpenter Emma , Everett Bethany G. , Greene Madelyne Z. , Haider Sadia , Hendrick C. Emily
Published: September 2019

Compared with their heterosexual peers, sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., queer, bisexual, lesbian, pansexual) have an elevated risk for unintended pregnancy.

A team of social science and clinical researchers qualitatively documented the multilevel pathways leading to this disparity, particularly the contexts of contraceptive use. From August 2017 to April 2018, we conducted focus groups and interviews with young adult cisgender SMW in 3 cities: Chicago, Illinois; Madison, Wisconsin; and Salt Lake City, Utah.

Most participants reported experience with both penile–vaginal intercourse and contraception. However, they faced several queer-specific barriers to preventing unwanted pregnancy, including a comparative lack of self-concept as contraceptive users, fear of stigma from both queer and health care communities, use of less-effective methods because of infrequent penile–vaginal intercourse and a sense that longer-acting methods were “overkill,” and previous experiences of discrimination such as homophobia and gender-based violence. However, participants also reported ways that contraception could align with queer identity, including both taking advantage of noncontraceptive benefits and framing contraception as sex- and queer-positive. These facilitators can inform future efforts to help SMW better meet their pregnancy prevention needs.
Public Health Research Priorities to Address Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting in the United States
Authors: Atkinson Holly G. , Ottenheimer Deborah , Mishori Ranit
Published: September 2019

Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), an age-old tradition that is still widely practiced around the world, is gaining recognition as an important public health issue in the United States. Increasingly, because of migration, women and girls affected by FGM/C have become members of host communities where the practice is not culturally acceptable.

According to recent conservative estimates, more than 513 000 immigrant women and girls living in the United States have undergone or are at risk for FGM/C, a significant increase from the 1990 estimate of 168 000. The arrests of physicians in Michigan in 2017 for performing FGM/C on minors underscores the fact that cutting is happening in the United States.

We have identified numerous gaps in our understanding of the magnitude of the problem in the United States and in the availability of scientific data informing a variety of interventions (preventive, clinical, educational, legal). We catalog these major gaps and propose a research agenda that can help public health experts, researchers, clinicians, and other stakeholders to establish priorities as we confront FGM/C as an important health issue affecting hundreds of thousands of women and girls in the United States.
Impact of Physical Education Litigation on Fifth Graders’ Cardio–Respiratory Fitness, California, 2007–2018
Authors: Thompson Hannah R. , Johnson Rucker C. , Madsen Kristine A. , Fuller Bruce
Published: September 2019

Objectives. To examine the impact of physical education (PE) litigation on changes in cardio–respiratory fitness among racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse students.

Methods. We used annual school-level data for all California schools with measures of fifth graders’ cardio–respiratory fitness spanning 2007–2008 through 2017–2018. A difference-in-difference design assessed changes before and after lawsuits in the proportion of students meeting fitness standards in schools in districts that were parties to PE lawsuits (n = 2715) versus in schools in districts not involved (n = 3152). We ran separate models with the proportion of students meeting fitness standards by sex, race/ethnicity, and low-income status as outcomes.

Results. PE litigation led to a 1-percentage-point increase in the proportion of fifth-grade students meeting cardio–respiratory fitness standards (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03%, 2.0%). Effects were especially pronounced for female (1.3-percentage-point increase; 95% CI = 0.1%, 2.5%), African American (3.4-percentage-point increase; 95% CI = 0.5%, 6.2%), and low-income (2.8-percentage-point increase; 95% CI = 0.5%, 6.0%) students.

Conclusions. Schools in districts subject to PE litigation showed greater improvements in student fitness, particularly among students typically at higher risk for inactivity and low fitness. Litigation may be an impactful tool for enforcing PE provision in accordance with the law.
A Public Health of Consequence: Shifting the Cultural Narrative From Churning Grants to a Scholarship of Consequence
Authors: McBride Colleen M. , Comeau Dawn L. , Mastin Ashley E. , Cooper Hannah L. F.
Published: September 2019

A confluence of challenges is impeding faculty members’ ability to prioritize research with the goal of achieving a public health of consequence: research designed to improve conditions to produce a healthier society. Together, these challenges create a “churn” culture in which faculty focus on generating new business (i.e., grant funding and associated incentives) to replace lost revenue (i.e., expiring grants); this culture can relegate public health impact to a back seat.

We share three strategies and related insights from our efforts to shift our department’s cultural narrative from churn to a “scholarship of consequence”: crafting research proposals of consequence, fostering thought leadership through collaborative writing, and mentoring faculty with a view to a scholarship of consequence.

We describe each of the strategies and interim progress. Although they are a work in progress, we conclude that despite initial concerns, our evaluation metrics indicate improvement.
HIV Testing, Access to HIV-Related Services, and Late-Stage HIV Diagnoses Across US States, 2013–2016
Authors: Krueger Amy , Van Handel Michelle , Dietz Patricia M. , Williams Weston O. , Patel Deesha , Johnson Anna Satcher
Published: September 2019

Objectives. To examine state-level factors associated with late-stage HIV diagnoses in the United States.

Methods. We examined state-level factors associated with late-stage diagnoses by estimating negative binomial regression models. We used 2013 to 2016 data from the National HIV Surveillance System (late-stage diagnoses), the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (HIV testing), and the American Community Survey (sociodemographics).

Results. Among individuals 25 to 44 years old, a 5% increase in the percentage of the state population tested for HIV in the preceding 12 months was associated with a 3% decrease in late-stage diagnoses. Among both individuals 25 to 44 years of age and those aged 45 years and older, a 5% increase in the percentage of the population living in a rural area was associated with a 2% to 3% increase in late-stage diagnoses.

Conclusions. Increasing HIV testing may lower late-stage HIV diagnoses among younger individuals. Increasing HIV-related services may benefit both younger and older people in rural areas.
States as Policy Laboratories: The Politics of State-Based Single-Payer Proposals
Authors: Sparer Michael S.
Published: September 2019

Although the focus for most single-payer advocates is in Washington, DC, and on proposals for Medicare for all, there are also efforts in a handful of states to enact a state-based single-payer program. Moreover, the odds of legislative passage are better in a state like New York than at the federal level.

Even if enacted, however, state-based single-payer proposals face a distinct set of obstacles, including (1) the need to obtain federal permission (via waivers) to repurpose federal dollars, (2) the federal Employee Retirement Income and Security Act, and (3) the burden of state-only action in an interconnected 50-state economy.

The most likely result of the energized single-payer movement will be incremental public insurance expansions at the federal and state levels, including state programs to permit the uninsured to buy into the Medicaid program. Such an outcome is consistent with the most plausible path (incrementalism) to a US version of universal coverage.
Options for Dialing Down From Single Payer
Authors: Glied Sherry
Published: September 2019

There are formidable institutional obstacles to passing a single-payer health program in the United States. Advocates should consider incremental improvements that may better match legislative realities. There are three potential directions for incremental coverage policy.

One possibility is to build on the successes of the Affordable Care Act; this might include rolling back regulatory changes, further incentivizing Medicaid expansion, enhancing coverage in the Affordable Care Act marketplaces, and imposing regulations on private employer-based insurance to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable coverage that provides adequate financial security. A second direction is to offer more publicly sponsored insurance options, which might involve offering a public option to those eligible for marketplace coverage, creating a Medicare or Medicaid buy-in program, lowering the eligibility age for Medicare, or developing a public plan that serves as a default for those who do not choose to buy alternative private coverage. A third direction is to build on federalism, offering states incentives to expand coverage.

Federal and state legislators could also consider incremental cost-containment steps, such as rate setting.