bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of PAUD (Early Childhood Education) Accreditation Program in Serang City
Authors: Rukhiyah Yayah , Notosudjono Didik , Sunaryo Widodo
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed to increase the effectiveness of Early Childhood Education through evaluation of accreditation programs. By evaluating the PAUD accreditation program, it can be seen the overall phenomena of the evaluation which is principally for improvement in early childhood education, as well as to determine the success rate of the PAUD accreditation program in Serang City. This research approach is an Evaluation Research approach, the approach used descriptive approach. The qualitative approach creates a complex picture, examines the words, detailed reports and views of the respondents and conducts studies on natural situations. Evaluative research are the evaluative programs with using case studies method, this research are program evaluation with using CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model which developed by Stufflebeam. The results shows that (1) evaluation on the context evaluation to good category, (2) the implementation of process evaluation are in the category enough (3)evaluation on the program preparation (input evaluation) part of most of them are at the Good category leveland (4) evaluation of the results and benefits of program activity implementation (Product Evaluation) is at the Good category level. Evaluation of PAUD Accreditation Program using the CIPP method, Based on the results of the previous evaluation, this study concluded that there are 14 (fourteen) aspects that have a "Good" value, namely aspects of facilities and infrastructure resources, human resource support, support for facilities and infrastructure, identification of scheduling programs, assessments, program outputs, and program outcomes of PAUD accreditation results are proposed, maintained and implemented.
Prevalência de Hanseníase na Baixada Maranhense do Brasil
Authors: Batista José Eduardo , Campos Verônica Coelho , Santos Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos , Sousa Clice Cunha Pimentel de , Reis Andrea Dias , Batista Nathália de Paula , Pereira Joelmara Furtado dos Santos , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: detectar a ocorrência de hanseníase nas principais cidades da Baixada Maranhense, relacionando com os fatores demográficos e aspectos clínicos. Método: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico de dados contidos na ficha de notificação/investigação do Sistema Nacional de Informações de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN) e no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) dos casos novos de hanseníase. Resultados: A prevalência foi maior no sexo masculino e na faixa etária acima de 15 anos, com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental e cor parda. Com relação às características clínicas, a classificação operacional multibacilar foi a mais prevalente. O município de Pinheiro apresentou o maior número de casos prevalentes nos últimos 5 anos, com 198 (46,5%), seguido de Viana, com 92 (21,6%). No ano de 2013 houve uma prevalência de 78 (18,3%) casos, entretanto em 2014 obteve-se o maior número de casos prevalentes, com 99 (23,2%), no ano de 2015 foram 90 (21,1%), em 2016 registrou-se 93 (21,8%) casos e em 2017 obteve-se a sua menor prevalência, com 66 (15,5%) casos por ano nos municípios em estudo. Conclusão: Há uma maior ocorrência na forma operacional MB em todos os municípios nos anos de 2013 a 2017. As características predominantes na população com hanseníase deste estudo foram pessoas do sexo masculino, faixa etária acima de 15 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade e a forma dimorfa da hanseníase foi mais predominante entre as formas multibacilares. Sendo assim, são necessárias medidas que facilitem o diagnóstico precoce para impedir que a doença se propague para os casos mais avançados e não gere um comprometimento maior, quanto ao grau de incapacidade.
Influência da espiritualidade nas condutas dos casais durante a gravidez sob a ótica da enfermagem: revisão de literatura
Authors: Santos Larissa Thaís Omena dos , Albuquerque Maria Cicera dos Santos de , Alves Verônica de Medeiros , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Alves Siane Mariano , Ildefonso Mirelly Barbosa Cortez
Published: November 2020

O objetivo é descrever as experiências relacionadas à espiritualidade das mulheres grávidas e seus parceiros sexuais sob a ótica da enfermagem. É delineada uma revisão integrativa de literatura com busca primária de artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2019. Nos resultados, houve a seleção de onze artigos, destes, 55% foram obtidos da base Web of Science (WOS), todos escritos em inglês, 27% dos trabalhos eram de 2019, 64% do continente asiático, 64% de obstetrícia e 55% com gestantes de alto risco. O islamismo representou 45% das religiões encontradas, sendo o Irã e os Estados Unidos com 27% dos estudos. Obteve-se uma categoria principal:“Influência da espiritualidade nas condutas dos casais durante a gravidez” e doze subcategorias. Perceberam-se atitudes positivas do casal relacionadas com a espiritualidade. Muitas mulheres mencionaram a confiança e o apoio divino para o parto e nascimento, também estavam preocupadas com o feto e faziam renúncias para que eles ficassem bem. Em muitos estudos os homens foram prestativos e atenciosos para com a gestante e bebê e queriam estar informados sobre a saúde dos dois, em todos os estudos os homens se mostraram protetores e esforçados, vários tiveram atitudes ou sentimentos positivos ligados a espiritualidade.O enfermeiro foi identificado como um profissional que apoia e fornece informações aos pacientes, entretanto, não foi visto como um provedor de suporte espiritual para o casal grávido. Como conclusão, percebe-se a importância da elaboração de novas pesquisas sobre a espiritualidade das gestantes e seus parceiros para a enfermagem.
Compostagem de serragem e adubação da cultura da abóbora no Sul do estado de Roraima
Authors: Pereira Hipólito Ribas , Alves Romildo Nicolau , Chaves Josimar da Silva , Matos Sandoval Menezes de , Nascimento João Pedro Santos do , Soares Ronielly Barbosa , Silva Lucas Souza da
Published: November 2020

O sul do estado de Roraima é uma região onde há predominância de pequenos agricultores, em sua maioria descapitalizados. A utilização de compostos orgânicos é uma alternativa para reduzir custos através da ciclagem de nutrientes. O uso dos resíduos orgânicos disponíveis na região, principalmente a serragem das serrarias, pode ser uma alternativa para produção de compostos. Diante disto, objetivou-se produzir compostos orgânicos utilizando serragem (SE) e esterco de ovino (EO) em diferentes proporções avaliando a produção da cultura da abóbora quando fertilizada com os compostos em um solo arenoso. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: sendo a primeira a produção dos compostos orgânicos e a segunda a avaliação da produção da cultura da abóbora. Foram produzidos dois compostos com diferentes proporções de SE e EO. Para avaliação da produção da cultura da abóbora, utilizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: 1. cultivo sem adubação (testemunha); 2. composto 1 (C1) (50%SE + 50%EO); 3. composto 2 (C2) (75%SE + 25%EO); 4. EO; 5. biofertilizante (Bio) e 6. adubação mineral (NPK). observou-se que o C1 iniciou e finalizou com menor relação C/N do que o C2. A temperatura (ºC), umidade e pH se diferenciam pouco entre os compostos. Em relação à produtividade da cultura da abóbora, os tratamentos EO, C1 e C2 foram os que mais produziram, no entanto, C1 e C2 não se diferenciaram da adubação mineral. Concluiu-se, portanto, que os compostos orgânicos podem ser utilizados em substituição ao fertilizante mineral.
Seguimento do recém-nascido de risco: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Xavier Jéssica Saraiva , Bernardino Fabiane Blanco Silva , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz
Published: November 2020

Objetivou-se analisar as produções científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre a assistência do recém-nascidos de risco no contexto do programa de seguimento. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, no mês de fevereiro de 2020. Foram selecionados 12 estudos, sendo nove de abordagem quantitativa e três de qualitativa, agrupados em três categorias: condições de saúde dos recém-nascidos acompanhados pelo programa de seguimento; fatores que influenciam a adesão e a evasão do programa de seguimento; atendimento da enfermagem no programa de seguimento. Esta revisão aponta para uma notória necessidade da ampliação das discussões sobre a continuidade da assistência ao recém-nascido egresso das unidades neonatais e sobre o programa de seguimento, a fim de subsidiar estratégias e políticas que possam superar as dificuldades apontadas pelas pesquisas analisadas.
O uso de avaliação diagnóstica para ingressantes da educação profissional técnica de nível médio: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Rezende Bruna Aparecida , Leite Wanderson de Oliveira , Leão Júnior Reginaldo Gonçalves
Published: November 2020

Ao longo de sua história a Educação Profissional Técnica no Nível Médio (EPTNM) do Brasil desenvolveu-se por meio de diversas propostas, sendo que atualmente a habilitação profissional técnica é amplamente difundida na forma de Cursos Técnicos de Nível Médio. Alguns autores acreditam que durante o percurso formativo de nível médio as defasagens de conteúdo e limitações de aprendizagem trazidas do ensino fundamental interferem diretamente no êxito e permanência escolar dos ingressantes. Entretanto, o que se observa muitas vezes é que ao início do curso, é suposto pelo ensino, uma homogeneidade educacional entre os alunos, o que é inverídico. Motivados por esta reflexão, diversos autores têm proposto o uso de instrumentos metodológicos destinados à obtenção de informações sobre o nível de defasagem de aprendizagem em anos anteriores dos alunos com os conteúdos assumido como pré-requisito para as disciplinas do curso, destacando-se dentre estas metodologias a Avaliação Diagnóstica. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) relacionada ao uso da Avaliação Diagnóstica na EPTNM, especificamente para alunos ingressantes. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de RSL descrita nesta investigação. Os resultados da seleção final da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura são descritos de forma sumarizada destacando as principais metodologias e contribuições. Concluímos que, as propostas apresentadas nos trabalhos objetivam contribuir para a redução da taxa de insucesso e evasão EPTNM, e ainda, colaboram para difundir o tema e abrem oportunidades para aprofundamentos e intervenções mais categóricas na EPTNM.
Avaliação da implementação do Plano Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Borges Marianne Raquel Bonfim , Sousa Stefany de Carvalho , Barbosa Liana Dantas da Costa e Silva , Silva Maria Enoia Dantas da Costa e
Published: November 2020

Avaliar as ações para a implementação do Plano Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT na atenção básica de saúde. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido através de uma revisão integrativa, estão indexadas as bases de dados utilizadas nesta pesquisa: LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), BDENF (Base de Dados da Enfermagem) e MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online). Durante a pesquisa foi evidenciado que o processo de vulnerabilidade em saúde pode elevar a chance de exposição do usuário ao adoecimento por meio de condicionantes individuais, coletivos e contextuais, em maior ou menor grau, suscetibilidade ao adoecer físico e psicológico. Deve ser necessário que os princípios de universalidade, integralidade e equidade sejam os primórdios do SUS materializados na Política Nacional de Atenção Integral LGBT possam, de fato, promover o enfrentamento das condições excludentes nos serviços de saúde, como resultado da homofobia e da heteronormatividade.
The efficacy of a dual-axis solar tracking device in tropical climate
Authors: Lins Filipe de Souza , Silva Vinicius A. da , Nääs Irenilza de Alencar , Lima Nilsa Duarte da Silva , Silva Mário César da
Published: November 2020

The demand for energy and the pressure for reducing environmental impacts is increasing in developing countries, mainly in agricultural areas. The generation of electricity from photovoltaic panels can be economically and environmentally advantageous as a source of renewable energy and the ability to reach remote consumers. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a photovoltaic system equipped with a sun-tracking device, comparing to a fixed panel. The test compared two panels of a photovoltaic cell system, one used a rotation module in two-axis, and the other a fixed one (control), for capturing solar energy throughout the day in a tropical region of Brazil. Solar energy data were obtained in the two photovoltaic panels with data continuously recorded six months, with a weather characteristic of high cloudiness and rainfall indexes. The commissioning of the tested photovoltaic panels was done on bright days. Power results indicated that the two-axis tracker system was useful during the test, presenting an increase of 26% when compared to the fixed panel. It was found that when the cloudiness and the rain index are very high, the sun tracking system might not be as efficient as foreseen. Rainfall and cloudiness index are essential factors for determining the feasibility of using a tracker device in tropical regions.
Melhoria da qualidade da uva ‘Primitivo’ por desfolha manual e aplicação de ácido abscísico
Authors: Pessenti Isabela Leticia , Ayub Ricardo Antonio , Botelho Renato Vasconcelos , Roberto Sergio Ruffo
Published: November 2020

As condições climáticas têm uma forte influência no cultivo da videira. A alta precipitação e as baixas temperaturas, por exemplo, podem fazer com que as uvas não atinjam índices de maturação adequados. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da desfolha e da aplicação de ácido abscísico (S-ABA) na melhoria da qualidade da uva, foi realizado um experimento em um vinhedo comercial da uva ‘Primitivo’, no Sul do Brasil, durante duas safras. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1) controle; 2) desfolha manual no início da maturação ('veraison'); 3) 15 dias após a primeira desfolha manual; 4) ácido abscísico 200 mg L-1; 5) ácido abscísico 400 mg L-1; 6) ácido abscísico 600 mg L-1. Foram avaliadas as variáveis ​​sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, polifenóis totais e antocianinas, intensidade de cor nas bagas, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, índice de clorofila, porcentagem de desfolha e clorose. A desfolha manual realizada 15 dias após a primeira desfolha aumentou os sólidos solúveis e reduziu a acidez titulável, enquanto a aplicação de 400 mg L-1 de S-ABA aumentou a acidez titulável do mosto de uva. Houve uma maior radiação fotossinteticamente ativa próximo ao cacho para tratamentos de desfolha e S-ABA. A aplicação de S-ABA proporcionou clorose nas folhas, seguida de baixo teor de clorofila, causando a senescência. Portanto, a desfolha 15 dias após a primeira desfolha manual influenciou os sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável, e a aplicação de ácido abscísico aumentou os níveis de polifenóis totais, antocianinas e a intensidade da cor nas cascas das bagas ‘Primitivo’.
The implementation of SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) research method as the effort to improve student learning outcomes of Biology subject
Authors: Tarigan Hartaulina Br
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the use of SQ3R learning method on biology learning outcomes of students at State High School 1 Bandar the subject matter of food digestion system and determine the barriers of SQ3R learning method on biology subject of State High school 1 Bandar. This research is quantitative research. This research subject is 33 students in State High School 1 Bandar with the composition of 11 male students and 22 female students in second semester of 2018/2019 academic year. The result is implementation on learning methodology of SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review) as an effort to improve student learning outcomes on the subject material of human digestive system, consider as an effective learning method. It can be concluded that the learning outcomes of students within the application of the SQ3R learning method (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review) especially on the subject matter of the human digestive system have been increased.
Interdisciplinaridade na Psicologia Ambiental na interrelação homem natureza
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristina , Pontes Altem Nascimento
Published: November 2020

Com o passar dos anos, a relação entre homem e o ambiente como seu habitat transformou-se. Diante da globalização e avanços tecnológicos, percebe-se o distanciamento do homem em relação à natureza. Esse trabalho buscou compreender as relações do homem e o meio ambiente, no caso, o ambiente natural e projetado, através de revisão dos conceitos teóricos originários da Psicologia Ambiental e que a partir dela se desenvolveram, com o objetivo de captar o poder que o ambiente opera sobre o homem, a conexão com ele estabelecida, e os diferentes modos dos sujeitos agirem e reagirem de acordo com o ambiente em que vivem. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa foi qualitativa, básica, exploratória e bibliográfica, e ocorreu no período de maio a julho de 2020. Os resultados indicaram que a análise das relações homem-ambiente, por mais que revelem muito de seus comportamentos e morais, não basta para a compreensão de como eles se misturam ao mundo, de como vivenciam os fenômenos. Esse entendimento exige que se busque estudos e práticas interdisciplinares, preservando a ideia de que a natureza e o homem estão profundamente conectados e, por conseguinte, guardam uma relação de complementariedade, e os espaços devem possibilitar a interação, respeito e consciência dos cuidados e de práticas ecológicas.
Efetividade da Telessaúde em pacientes com distúrbios dos sons da fala: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Gonçalves Laura Faustino , Oliveira Aline Mara de , Haas Patrícia
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura (PRISMA) com relação ao atendimento com telessaúde em crianças com apraxia de fala na infância visando responder a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Qual a efetividade da telessaúde em crianças com apraxia de fala na infância. Metodologia: Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH): [(telehealth) OR (telepractice) OR (telerehabilitation) OR (teletherapy) OR (apraxia childhood speech) OR (dyspraxia) AND (child OR paediatric)]. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO e BIREME. O período de busca dos artigos compreendeu os últimos 5 anos (2015 a 2020). Os desenhos dos estudos selecionados foram do tipo descritivo, transversal, coorte e estudo de caso, os quais estavam relacionados com o objetivo da pesquisa. Após a leitura dos artigos na íntegra, foram extraídos dados de identificação e métodos dos artigos para posterior análise. Resultados: Foram recuperados 969 artigos, após a fase de exclusão, sete artigos inicialmente atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, sendo que um trabalho respondeu à pergunta norteadora. Conclusão: Verificam-se indicações promissoras da eficácia do tratamento por telesaúde em pacientes com diagnóstico de Apraxia de Fala Infantil (AFI). No entanto, é importante ressaltar que os resultados ainda são considerados incipientes, necessitando assim de uma ampliação dos estudos, com metodologias de intervenções randomizadas, buscando analisar a efetividade da telessaúde para estes pacientes.
Ações extensionistas para a saúde do homem: um relato de experiência
Authors: Martins Elizabeth Rose Costa , Oliveira Karoline Lacerda de , Medeiros Andressa da Silva , Fassarella Letícia Guimarães , Costa Gabriele Malta da , Ferreira Samara de Andrade , Rosa Nizelia Ferreira da Silva Floro , Souza Jady  Assis de , Franco Hulda Santana , Rocha Fabiana Cristina Silva da
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: relatar a experiência vivenciada por bolsistas sobre as ações desenvolvidas com homens jovens e adultos acerca de sua saúde, na perspectiva da promoção e prevenção de agravos. Método: relato de experiência do início do projeto, em março de 2017 a setembro de 2020, sobre a relação da população masculina com a preservação de sua saúde, através do projeto “Cuidando da saúde do homem na perspectiva da promoção à saúde e prevenção de agravos”, realizado numa universidade pública do município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: traz a reflexão e discussão com homens jovens e adultos sobre sua relação com a preservação da saúde e a prevenção de doenças, esclarecendo essas questões por meio de orientação sobre questões de gênero masculino, na perspectiva da promoção à saúde. Do mesmo modo, discute-se o acesso à unidade de saúde e a importância de se adotar práticas seguras para sua saúde. Considerações Finais: o projeto de extensão estimula o homem jovem e adulto à reflexão sobre sua saúde, trazendo as políticas públicas de saúde do homem como condutoras da atuação na promoção de saúde e na prevenção de agravos, no estabelecimento de ações que ocupam lacunas de conhecimento e pesquisa.
The Politics of Humour in Kafkaesque Cinema: A World-Systems Approach
Authors: Koutsourakis Angelos
Published: November 2020

Kafka's work has exercised immense influence on cinema and his reflections on diminished human agency in modernity and the dominance of oppressive institutions that perpetuate individual or social alienation and political repression have been the subject of debates by philosophers such as Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, and Alexander Kluge. Informed by a world-systems approach and taking a cue from Jorge Luis Borges’ point that Kafka has modified our conception of the future, and André Bazin's suggestion that literary concepts, characters and styles can exceed “novels from which they emanate”, I understand the Kafkaesque as an elastic term that can refer to diverse films that might share thematic preoccupations, but also aesthetic and formal differences. In this article, I explore the politics of humour in Kafkaesque cinema with reference to the following films: The Overcoat ( Шинель, 1926, Gregor Koznitzev and Leo Trauberg), The Shop on Main Street ( Obchod na korze, 1965, Ján Kadár), and Death of a Bureaucrat ( La muerte de un burócrata, 1966, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea). I draw attention to the dialectics of humour and the connection between the Kafkaesque and slapstick so as to show how humour is deployed as a means of political critique.
Becoming-Flashdrive: The Cinematic Intelligence of Lucy
Authors: Kent Laurence
Published: November 2020

An important but easily forgotten moment in the history of film-philosophy is Jean Epstein's assertion that cinema, more than merely thinking, has a kind of intelligence. If it is a newfound conception of rationality that is needed for any contemporary ethical relation to the world, as thinkers from Reza Negarestani and Pete Wolfendale to feminist collective Laboria Cuboniks have espoused in their respective neo-rationalist projects, then cinema as a thinking thing must be interrogated in its relation to reason. A somatophilia of purely affective and phenomenological approaches in film theory alongside micropolitical injunctions to undermine common-sense and liberate one's desire in extremity can fall limp in view of such calls for universal thinking around rationality. To understand cinema's specific form of intelligence, this article will explore Luc Besson's Lucy (2014) as an instance of how film is able to represent intelligence. Besson's film provides a site where Western cultural anxieties and assumptions around intelligence are manifested. This will allow an explication of contemporary approaches to intelligence in philosophy whilst confronting these discourses with the insidious problematics of gender and race that undergird the film. I argue that Lucy shares many of its ambitions with the emerging vectors of thought associated with the neo-rationalist perspective in its engaging with a rethinking of universal values and the Promethean possibilities of human action. Reading the film through these philosophies will help position the ethical stakes it sets up, but also to distinguish it from a trend of contemporary “posthuman” films that it finds itself in company with. While it is certainly true that posthuman themes, as well as transhumanist fantasies, seem to permeate Besson's film, this article will incorporate another neologism, taken from neo-rationalist thinkers, in order to emphasise moments that can be productive from the standpoint of a philosophical account of intelligence: “rationalist inhumanism.”
Repurposing Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands for COVID-19 Therapy?
Authors: Vela José Miguel
Published: November 2020

Outbreaks of emerging infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic especially, confront health professionals with the unique challenge of treating patients. With no time to discover new drugs, repurposing of approved drugs or in clinical development is likely the only solution. Replication of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs in a modified membranous compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes host cell ER stress and activates pathways to facilitate adaptation of the host cell machinery to viral needs. Accordingly, modulation of ER remodeling and ER stress response might be pivotal in elucidating CoV-host interactions and provide a rationale for new therapeutic, host-based antiviral approaches. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-operated, ER membrane-bound chaperone that acts as an upstream modulator of ER stress and thus a candidate host protein for host-based repurposing approaches to treat COVID-19 patients. Sig-1R ligands are frequently identified in in vitro drug repurposing screens aiming to identify antiviral compounds against CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sig-1R regulates key mechanisms of the adaptive host cell stress response and takes part in early steps of viral replication. It is enriched in lipid rafts and detergent-resistant ER membranes, where it colocalizes with viral replicase proteins. Indeed, the non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp6 interacts with Sig-1R. The activity of Sig-1R ligands against COVID-19 remains to be specifically assessed in clinical trials. This review provides a rationale for targeting Sig-1R as a host-based drug repurposing approach to treat COVID-19 patients. Evidence gained using Sig-1R ligands in unbiased in vitro antiviral drug screens and the potential mechanisms underlying the modulatory effect of Sig-1R on the host cell response are discussed. Targeting Sig-1R is not expected to reduce dramatically established viral replication, but it might interfere with early steps of virus-induced host cell reprogramming, aid to slow down the course of infection, prevent the aggravation of the disease and/or allow a time window to mature a protective immune response. Sig-1R-based medicines could provide benefit not only as early intervention, preventive but also as adjuvant therapy.
Barriers to the Development of Organic Farming: A Polish Case Study
Authors: Łuczka Władysława , Kalinowski Sławomir
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to explore farmers’ opinions on the barriers to the development of organic farming. A survey was carried out with 262 Polish organic farmers in order to classify the barriers to organic farming development into production, and economic aspects, market aspects and institutional and regulatory aspects. As a next step, a detailed analysis was performed of how the farmers view these barriers. According to this study, Polish organic farmers attach greater importance to economic factors than to non-economic ones. Low yields and production volumes are the reason why many farmers see organic farming as being risky. More than 80% and nearly 60% of farmers covered by this study found the production risk to be very high or high, respectively, during and after the conversion period. Most farmers say they intend to continue their organic production activity only if financial support is provided. Nearly one in five farms (18.3%) want to discontinue organic production in future. This is especially true for two types of farming: specialized grazing livestock farms and mixed holdings. The farmers believe that market aspects and institutional and regulatory factors are the key barriers to the development of organic farming. The findings regarding the role of institutional barriers and communications from regulatory institutions, which affect the farmers’ decision-making processes, are of particular importance. In Poland, the main institutional problem is the instability of laws applicable to organic farming, which adds to the farmers’ uncertainty and decision-making risks. The case study of Poland, which is among the emerging markets for organic food, shows that a stable and coherent support policy is a condition for organic-farming development.
Primary, Secondary Metabolites and Molecular Characterization of Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Genotypes
Authors: Gurlen Aysen , Gundogdu Muttalip , Ozer Goksel , Ercisli Sezai , Duralija Boris
Published: November 2020

In this study, the molecular, biochemical and agro-morphological characterization of genotypes belonging to hawthorn species collected from Bolu province of Turkey was performed. Inter-priming binding sites (iPBS) markers based on retrotransposons were used for the first time in the molecular properties of hawthorn genotypes in the world. The marker system provided very useful information for revealing the genetic variation of the genotypes. Six iPBS markers amplified 68 fragments, of which 65 were polymorphic (95.59%) with an average of 10.83 polymorphic bands per primer. The polymorphism and resolving power per primers ranged from 0.12 to 0.42 and from 0.78 to 8.11 with the average being 0.32 and 5.95, respectively. Pomological properties of Crataegus tanacetifolia, such as fruit pomology and core weight were determined to higher than those of Crataegus monogyna. Citric acid was determined as the most predominant organic acid, followed by malic and succinic acid in the genotypes of both species. The highest citric acid content (26.745 mg 100 g−1) was noted for 14BL09 genotype. The vit. C content was recorded ranging from 2.681 to 9.621 mg 100 g−1. Catechin, chlorogenic, caffeic and rutin contents were varied between 4.140–51.393 mg, 2.254–42.361 mg, 0.624–4.407 mg, and 1.241–10.029 mg per 100 g of fruits, respectively. As a result, it has been determined that twenty-five genotypes belonging to different hawthorn species are important genetic resources to be evaluated in horticultural breeding studies in terms of their physical and biochemical contents.
Analysis of the Similarity between in Silico Ideotypes and Phenotypic Profiles to Support Cultivar Recommendation—A Case Study on Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Paleari Livia , Vesely Fosco M. , Ravasi Riccardo A. , Movedi Ermes , Tartarini Sofia , Invernizzi Mattia , Confalonieri Roberto
Published: November 2020

Cultivar recommendation is a key factor in cropping system management. Classical approaches based on comparative multi-environmental trials can hardly explore the agro-climatic and management heterogeneity farmers may have to face. Moreover, they struggle to keep up with the number of genotypes commercially released each year. We propose a new approach based on the integration of in silico ideotyping and functional trait profiling, with the common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) in Northern Italy as a case study. Statistical distributions for six functional traits (light extinction coefficient, radiation use efficiency, thermal time to first pod and maturity, seed weight, plant height) were derived for 24 bean varieties. The analysis of soil, climate and management in the study area led us to define 21 homogeneous contexts, for which ideotypes were identified using the crop model STICS (Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard), the E-FAST (Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) sensitivity analysis method, and the distributions of functional traits. For each context, the 24 cultivars were ranked according to the similarity (weighted Euclidean distance) with the ideotype. Context-specific ideotypes mainly differed for phenological adaptation to specific combinations of climate and management (sowing time) factors, and this reflected in the cultivar recommendation for the different contexts. Feedbacks from bean technicians in the study area confirmed the reliability of the results and, in turn, of the proposed methodology.
Response of Rice to Tillage, Wheat Residue and Weed Management in a Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Pandey Bisheshwor P. , Kandel Tanka P.
Published: November 2020

In Nepal and elsewhere in the Indo-Gangetic plains where rice-wheat is a major crop rotation, interest in conservation practices such as direct-seeding of rice on zero-tilled soil and retention of crop residue is increasing. However, the use of herbicide is increasing in the region due to a shortage of labor and its ease of operation compared to manual weeding. This field experiment was conducted to identify the response of rice to tillage and planting systems, level of wheat residue retention and weed managements under rice-wheat cropping system. This study was conducted during three growing seasons of rice (June through November) in 2014, 2015 and 2016 at the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Rupandehi, Nepal. The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design. Tillage and planting systems were the main plots where rice was either transplanted on puddled field managed with conventional tillage (CT) or direct seeded on zero till (ZT) soil. The level of residue retention was the sub-plot which included three levels of residue retention as whole (WR), partial (PR) or no (NR) retention. Forms of weed management were the sub-sub plots with manual weeding (MW) compared with chemical weeding (CW) through the application of bispyribac-sodium. Each treatment combination consisted of three replicated units. Averaged across the years, grain yield of rice under the CT system (4.8 t ha−1) was significantly higher than ZT (4.4 t ha−1). Increased level of wheat residue retention increased grain yield consistently in all three years. Grain yield was not influenced by systems of weed management. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: (i) rice grain yield might decrease under a direct-seeded ZT system more than the conventional system, (ii) wheat residue retained in the field can increase rice grain yield significantly, and (iii) application of bispyribac-sodium could be equally effective as manual weeding for weed control in both tillage/planting systems of rice.
Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of the Breeding Lines and a Genome Wide Association Study of Three Horticultural Traits Using Worldwide Cucumber (Cucumis spp.) Germplasm Collection
Authors: Lee Hea-Young , Kim Jeong-Gu , Kang Byoung-Cheorl , Song Kihwan
Published: November 2020

Cucumbers are an important economic vegetable crop that is used for fresh or processing purposes worldwide. In this study, we used 264 accessions that consisted of world-wide wild germplasms and advanced breeding lines in order to understand the genetic diversity and the genetic correlation among the germplasm collection. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was applied to obtain dense genome-wide markers coverage (>12,082 SNPs) to construct a high-density haplotype map. Various population stratification methods were performed, and three subgroups were divided based on the genetic diversity, which reflected their geographic regions. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the breeding lines were separated from wild germplasms, and the two distinct groups were divided within the breeding lines. One of the groups mainly consisted of East-Asian varieties, which showed the unique homogenous genotype patterns. Using this germplasm collection, three important horticultural traits of cucumbers—powdery mildew resistance, spine color, and fruit stalk-end color—were evaluated and used to conduct the genome-wide association study (GWAS). All of the significant SNPs and two novel candidate genes (Csa5G453160 and Csa5G471070) for the powdery mildew were identified in chromosome 5 from the natural population, which is where reported major QTLs from various bi-parental population are located. Furthermore, two candidate genes, Csa1G006300 and Csa3G824850, and four candidate genes, Csa2G368270, Csa3G236570, Csa5G175680, and Csa6G448170, were identified for the spine color and the fruit stalk-end color, respectively. These results are expected to be helpful to develop molecular markers of the horticultural traits in cucumbers.
Antibiotic Dispensation without a Prescription Worldwide: A Systematic Review
Authors: Batista Ana Daniela , A. Rodrigues Daniela , Figueiras Adolfo , Zapata-Cachafeiro Maruxa , Roque Fátima , Herdeiro Maria Teresa
Published: November 2020

Antibiotic resistance still remains a major global public health problem and the dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription at community pharmacies is an important driver of this. MEDLINE, Pubmed and EMBASE databases were used to search and identify studies reporting the dispensing of non-prescribed antibiotics in community pharmacies or drugstores that sell drugs for human use, by applying pharmacy interviews/questionnaires methods and/or simulated patient methods. Of the 4683 studies retrieved, 85 were included, of which 59 (69.4%) were published in low-and middle-income countries. Most of the papers (83.3%) presented a percentage of antibiotic dispensing without a prescription above 60.0%. Sixty-one studies evaluated the active substance and the most sold antibiotics without a prescription were amoxicillin (86.9%), azithromycin (39.3%), ciprofloxacin (39.3%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (39.3%). Among the 65 articles referencing the diseases/symptoms, this practice was shown to be mostly associated with respiratory system problems (100.0%), diarrhea (40.0%), and Urinary Tract Infections (30.8%). In sum, antibiotics are frequently dispensed without a prescription in many countries and can thus have an important impact on the development of resistance at a global level. Our results indicate the high need to implement educational and/or regulatory/administrative strategies in most countries, aiming to reduce this practice.
Distinct Effectiveness of Oritavancin against Tolerance-Induced Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Berti Andrew D. , Harven Lauren T. , Bingley Victoria
Published: November 2020

Within a sufficiently large bacterial population, some members will naturally adopt an alternate, metabolically-active state that favors small molecule synthesis over cell division. These isogenic “tolerant” subpopulations have variable responses during antibiotic exposure and can remain viable in the presence of typically bactericidal concentrations. In this study, we determine the ability of typical and atypical antistaphylococcal therapies to reduce the viability of mupirocin-induced tolerant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Overall, tolerance-induced staphylococci exhibited a markedly decreased rate and extent of killing following antibiotic exposure. However, oritavancin remained effective at maintaining a similar extent of killing. Further studies to investigate the role of oritavancin against recurrent or relapse staphylococcal infection are warranted.
Predictive Model for Occlusal Vertical Dimension Determination and Digital Preservation with Three-Dimensional Facial Scanning
Authors: Oancea Luminita , Burlibasa Mihai , Petre Alexandru Eugen , Panaitescu Eugenia , Cristache Corina Marilena
Published: November 2020

(1) Background: Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in the optimal maxillo–mandibular relationship is an important parameter to establish when complex dental rehabilitation has to be done. The optimal method to measure OVD is still a challenge in everyday practice. The aim of the present study was to test the reliability of the correlation between OVD and some anthropometric and cephalometric methods described in the literature. The validity of OVD registration using a facial scanner was also assessed. (2) Materials and Methods: 150 dentate participants, aged 20–25 years, were randomly selected using sealed envelopes. Anthropometric measurements between specific standard points were performed: Subnasion–Prementon (Sn–PM) and Subnasion–Gnation (Sn–Gn) in maximum intercuspation and in the rest mandibular position, right and left pupil to the corresponding chelion. The cephalometric measurements registered were the lower facial angle and the angle between mandibular and Frankfurt planes. The distance Sn–Gn in maximum intercuspation was compared to all other parameters. Facial scanning, with a mobile phone and installed dedicated application, was performed on ten subjects, randomly selected using the same method among the participants, and the obtained 3D files were analyzed. The digital measurements were compared, for validity, to the clinical measurements. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used, for comparing clinical Sn–Gn in maximum intercuspation position to the other parameters. (3) Results: A strong agreement between all measured anthropometric parameters of the facial scan and clinical contact measurement method was registered. None of the measured parameters could predict the exact OVD. (4) Conclusions: In the limits of our study, the facial scanning could be used for predictable registration of OVD and the stored digital information could be preserved through life and use for oral rehabilitation. However, if OVD needs to be determined, several measurement methods, including cephalometric measurements, need to be used simultaneously to reach a final decision.
Determination of the Selected Gravity Field Functionals by the GGI Method: A Case Study of the Western Carpathians Area
Authors: Trojanowicz Marek , Owczarek-Wesołowska Magdalena , Pospíšil Lubomil , Jamroz Olgierd
Published: November 2020

In this paper, some features of the local disturbing potential model developed by the GGI method (based on Geophysical Gravity Inversion) were analyzed. The model was developed for the area of the Western Carpathians covering the Polish–Slovak border. A detailed assessment of the model’s property was made regarding the accuracy of the disturbing potential values (height anomalies), gravity values, complete Bouguer anomalies (CBA), and differences between geoid undulations and height anomalies (N−ζ). Obtained accuracies of the GGI quasigeoid model (in terms of standard deviation of the residuals to the reference quasigeoid models) were at the level of ±2.2 cm for Poland and ±0.9 cm for the Slovak area. In terms of gravity, there was shown dependence of the accuracy of the GGI model on the digital elevation model (DEM) resolution, the point height, the density of gravity data used, and used reference density of topography model. The best obtained results of gravity prediction were characterized by an error of approximately 1 mGal. The GGI approach were compared with classical gravity prediction methods (using CBA and topographic-isostatic anomalies supported by Kriging prediction), getting very similar results. On the basis of the GGI model, CBA and differences (N−ζ) were also determined. The strong dependence of resolution of the CBA model obtained by GGI approach, on the size of the constant density zones, has been demonstrated. This significantly reduces the quality of such a model. The crucial importance of the topographic masses density model for both determined values (CBA and (N−ζ)) was also indicated. Therefore, for determining these quantities, all available information on topographic mass densities should be used in modelling.
Total Serum Calcium and Recovery after Rehabilitation in Patients with Stroke
Authors: Siotto Mariacristina , Germanotta Marco , Santoro Massimo , Di Blasi Chiara , Loreti Claudia , Mastropaolo Simona , Aprile Irene
Published: November 2020

Calcium deficiency is frequently observed in stroke survivors, but no data exist concerning the relationship between calcium and rehabilitation outcome in patients with stroke. Therefore, we examined in a group of subacute stroke patients if changes in the Barthel Index after a rehabilitation treatment were associated with blood parameters related to calcium status. We retrospectively explored serum calcium status (total calcium, ionized calcium), serum total protein status, and serum albumin percentage in 30 subacute stroke patients admitted to our rehabilitation center. Patients underwent a 6-week rehabilitation treatment (each session lasting 45 min, 2 sessions/day, 6 days/week). Overall, 26.7% of patients had total calcium levels below the reference range, whereas 100% of patients had ionized calcium in the reference range. Total protein and albumin were below the reference range in about 77% and 67% of patients, respectively. We found that only total calcium was correlated with the change from baseline of the Barthel Index (BI) (rho = 0.466, p = 0.009). A multiple linear regression model confirmed that in our sample the total calcium significantly predicted the change from baseline of the Barthel Index (F5, 24 = 4.074, p = 0.008, adj. R2 = 0.346). This study suggests a possible connection between serum calcium status and total protein status of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment and rehabilitation outcomes. Further investigations are necessary to confirm the importance of testing serum calcium status of patients at admission in a rehabilitation unit for an eventual supplementation or a dietary personalized program.
XFEM-Based Multiscale Simulation on Monotonic and Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced-Concrete Columns
Authors: Chen Hongbing , Xu Bin , Wang Jiang , Nie Xin , Mo Yi-Lung
Published: November 2020

The extended finite element method (XFEM) is efficient in simulating crack initiation and its evolution process for reinforced-concrete (RC) structures due to its ability to solve fracture problems. Moreover, the multiscale numerical simulation helps understand global and local failure behavior of RC structures simultaneously. In this study, the XFEM-based multiscale modeling approach was proposed to investigate the monotonic and hysteretic performance of RC columns. Firstly, two-scale models composed of fiber beam elements and XFEM-based solid elements with homogeneous material assumptions were established using compiled material subroutines for fiber beam elements. Secondly, the accuracy of XFEM-based two-scale analysis in predicting the hysteretic behavior of tested RC columns was verified by comparing the crack morphology and load-displacement curve obtained from tested specimens under different axial compression ratios (ACRs) and two-scale models using the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model. Thirdly, multiscale models of RC columns were constructed with fiber beam elements, XFEM-based solid elements and mesoscopic concrete models composed of mortar, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and aggregates with different geometric shapes and distribution patterns. Finally, the XFEM-based multiscale simulation was employed to investigate the influence of mesoscale structure variation of concrete on both global behavior and local failure patterns of RC columns subjected to monotonic loading. The simulation results of multiscale models established with CDP model and XFEM were comparatively discussed in depth. The XFEM-based multiscale simulation developed in this study provides an efficient modeling approach for investigating the stochastic nature of cracking behavior in RC columns.