bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framework for the Statistical Shape Analysis of Brain Structures using SPHARM-PDM
Authors: Styner Martin , Oguz Ipek , Xu Shun , Brechbuehler Christian , Pantazis Dimitrios , Levitt James J , Shenton Martha E , Gerig Guido
Published: January 2022

Shape analysis has become of increasing interest to the neuroimaging community due to its potential to precisely locate morphological changes between healthy and pathological structures. This manuscript presents a comprehensive set of tools for the computation of 3D structural statistical shape analysis. It has been applied in several studies on brain morphometry, but can potentially be employed in other 3D shape problems. Its main limitations is the necessity of spherical topology.

The input of the proposed shape analysis is a set of binary segmentation of a single brain structure, such as the hippocampus or caudate. These segmentations are converted into a corresponding spherical harmonic description (SPHARM), which is then sampled into a triangulated surfaces (SPHARM-PDM). After alignment, differences between groups of surfaces are computed using the Hotelling
T^2
T2 two sample metric. Statistical p-values, both raw and corrected for multiple comparisons, result in significance maps. Additional visualization of the group tests are provided via mean difference magnitude and vector maps, as well as maps of the group covariance information.

The correction for multiple comparisons is performed via two separate methods that each have a distinct view of the problem. The first one aims to control the family-wise error rate (FWER) or false-positives via the extrema histogram of non-parametric permutations. The second method controls the false discovery rate and results in a less conservative estimate of the false-negatives.

New NITRC page for binary distribution
Orthogonal Bisection of an Image
Authors: Tamburo Robert
Published: January 2022

This document describes a filter called itkOrthogonalBisectImageFilter, which bisects an input image and copies each divided region into two separate output images. Pixel values are copied while maintaining their original pixel location. The output images are of the same size, dimension, and pixel type as the input image. Pixels that have not been copied from the input image are set to a user-specified value. This filter is restricted to bisection along a cardinal axis, i.e., in a direction orthogonal to a bisecting slice (line for 2D images or plane for 3D images). Submitted with this document is the source code for the filter and source code for demonstrating filter usage via an image input as an argument. Also included is source code for testing the functionality of the filter.
Well-Composed Image Filters for Repairing 2-D and 3-D Binary Images
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Siqueira Marcelo , Gee James
Published: January 2022

We consider 2-D and 3-D digital binary images characterized by their well-composedness. Well-composed images exhibit important topological and geometrical properties not shared by their ill-composed counterparts. These properties have important implications for various algorithms used by the ITK community such as thinning algorithms and Marching Cubes. We introduce two image filters which repair images that are ill-composed such that the output images are well-composed.
ManagedITK: .NET Wrappers for ITK
Authors: Mueller Dan
Published: January 2022

ManagedITK generates wrappers around ITK for .NET languages. These wrappers can be used with any CLR language, including C#, VB.NET, IronPython, and others. ManagedITK is useful for a number of reasons, including the ability to rapidly create graphical user interfaces using Windows Forms (also known as System.Windows.Forms). Full source code and many in-depth examples accompany this article. Pre-compiled .NET assemblies can also be downloaded for easy integration into standalone C# applications.
Image Calculator
Authors: Jammalamadaka Vamsi , Johnson Hans
Published: January 2022

ImageCalculator is a command line program for doing simple mathematical operations to a series of images and generating an new output image and basic statistics about the output image. The program uses the Insight Toolkit (www.ITK.org) for file IO and computations, and can operate on any of the image types supported by that library.
Laplacian Mesh Deformation
Authors: Gelas Arnaud
Published: January 2022

Deforming a 3D surface mesh while preserving its local detail is useful for editing anatomical atlases or for mesh based segmentation. This contribution introduces new classes for performing hard and soft constraints deformation in a flexible design which allows user to switch easily in between Laplacian discretization operators, area weighing and solvers. The usage of these new classes is demonstrated on a sphere.
An ITK Filter for Bayesian Segmentation: itkBayesianClassifierImageFilter
Authors: Melonakos John , Melonakos John , Krishnan Karthik , Tannenbaum Allen
Published: January 2022

An Insight Toolkit (ITK) filter for image segmentation with applications to brain MRI scans is presented in this paper. Previously, we showed how ITK could be used to implement our algorithm. This paper presents our new ITK filter for Bayesian segmentation along with results on brain MRI scans. Our algorithm is a refinement of the work of Teo, Saprio, and Wandall. The basic idea is to incorporate prior knowledge into the segmentation through Bayes rule. Image noise is removed via an affine invariant anisotropic smoothing of the posteriors as in Haker et. al. Specifically, we present the implementation of our Bayesian segmentation algorithm applied to brain MRI scans.
Meeting Andy Warhol Somewhere Over the Rainbow: RGB Colormapping and ITK
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Zhang Hui , Lehmann Gaetan , Yushkevich Paul , Gee James
Published: January 2022

Although greyscale intensity values are primarily used in image data visualization oftentimes, due to the requirements of aesthetics (whether they be self-imposed or collaborator-suggested), mapping the greyscale image to a user-defined colormap is desired. In this paper, we propose a framework for inclusion in the ITK library for converting intensity-valued images to user-defined RGB colormap images. We also include several colormaps that can be readily applied for visualization of images in such programs as ITK-SNAP or can be used as examples for creating new colormaps.
Contributions to the Normalized Correlation and the Mean Squares Metric
Authors: Staring Marius
Published: January 2022

This document describes contributions on the NormalizedCorrelationImageToImageMetric and the MeanSquaresImageToImageMetric of the Insight Toolkit ITK . For the first metric a two time speed-up can be achieved by rewriting the code to loop only once over the fixed image. This is instead of the two times that is used in the current ITK code. The reduction in computation time comes at the cost of an additional storage of a parameters array. For both metric we have implemented the option to use only a random subset of the fixed image voxels for calculating the metric value and its derivatives. This reduces the computation time (substantially), while convergence properties are maintained. This paper is accompanied with the source code.
ITK Tutorial Presentation Slides
Authors: Ibanez Luis , Ng Lydia , Cates Josh , Aylward Stephen , Lorensen Bill , Jomier Julien
Published: January 2022

This course introduces attendees to select open-source efforts in the field of medical image analysis. Opportunities for users and developers are presented. The course particularly focuses on the open-source Insight Toolkit (ITK) for medical image segmentation and registration. The course describes the procedure for downloading and installing the toolkit and covers the use of its data representation and filtering classes. Attendees are shown how ITK can be used in their research, rapid prototyping, and application development.

LEARNING OUTCOMES After completing this course, attendees will be able to: contribute to and benefit from open-source software for medical image analysis download and install the ITK toolkit start their own software project based on ITK design and construct an image processing pipeline combine ITK filters for medical image segmentation combine ITK components for medical image registration

INTENDED AUDIENCE This course is intended for anyone involved in medical image analysis. In particular it targets graduate students, researchers and professionals in the areas of computer science and medicine. Attendees should have an intermediate level on object oriented programming with C++ and must be familiar with the basics of medical image processing and analysis.
Advanced Normalization Tools: V1.0
Authors: Avants Brian , Tustison Nicholas J. , Song Gang
Published: January 2022

We provide examples and highlights of Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTS) that address practical problems in real data. A variety of image and point similarity metrics and elastic, diffeomorphic, affine and other variations of transformation models are available.
Document Object Model based XML Handling in ITK
Authors: Gong Ren Hui , Yaniv Ziv
Published: January 2022

The Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) previously provided a framework for parsing Extensible Markup Language (XML) documents using the Simple API for XML (SAX) framework. While this programming model is memory efficient, it places most of the implementation burden on the user. We provide an implementation of the Document Object Model (DOM) framework for parsing XML documents. Using this model, user code is greatly simplified, shifting most of the implementation burden from the user to the framework. The provided implementation consists of two tiers. The lower level tier provides functionality for parsing XML documents and loading the tree structure into memory. It then allows the user to query and retrieve specific entries. The upper tier uses this functionality to provide an interface for mimicking a serialization and de-serialization mechanism for ITK objects. The implementation described in this document was incorporated into ITK as part of release 4.2.
Point Set Processing for VTK - Outlier Removal, Curvature Estimation, Normal Estimation, Normal Orientation
Authors: Doria David
Published: January 2022

This document presents a set of classes (vtkPointSetOutlierRemoval, vtkPointSetNormalEstimation, vtkPointSetNormalOrientation, vtkPointSetCurvatureEstimation, vtkEuclideanMinimumSpanningTree, and vtkRiemannianGraphFilter) to enable several basic operations on point sets. These classes are implemented as VTK filters. Paraview plugin interfaces to the filters are also provided to allow extremely easy experimentation with the new functionality. We propose these classes as an addition to the Visualization Toolkit.

The latest source code can be found here: https://github.com/daviddoria/PointSetProcessing
Mutable Priority Queue Container
Authors: Gelas Arnaud , Gouaillard Alexandre , Megason Sean
Published: January 2022

When dealing with functional minimization, or maximization, it can sometimes be solved by a greedy algorithm. To implement greedy algorithm one needs priority queue container, i.e. get for a very low cost the lowest or highest element present in a sorted container. Whenever the priority of one element present in the queue needs to be modified, standard implementations, like , can not be applied directly. VTK has is own implementation which is not templated and can only be applied for and for the minimizing the functional. We propose here an implementation of a mutable priority queue container where element, priority, and objective (minimization or maximization) are given by template arguments. Our implementation allows to minimize or maximize a given functional, and any element can be modified, deleted at any time, and with a low cost.
Rescale Scalars Mesh Filter
Authors: Li Wen , Magnotta Vincent
Published: January 2022

This documents is about the filter itk::RescaleScalarsQuadEdgeMeshFilter. It does the point-wise linear transformation to the scalar values of the input mesh. This paper is accompanied with the source code, input data, parameters and output data that we used for validating the algorithm described in this paper. This adheres to the fundamental principle that scientific publications must facilitate reproducibility of the reported results.
FusionViewer: An Open Source Toolkit for Viewing Multimodality Images
Authors: Lu Yi , Lau Chris , Ng Lydia , Gong Lixin , Kinahan Paul , Alessio Adam , Goldschneider Jill , Pathak Sayan
Published: January 2022

FusionViewer is an open source and platform independent viewer that has been specifically designed for PET/CT image display. The combination of PET and CT images offers complementary functional and anatomical information. The application (FusionViewer) facilitates efficient visualization and analysis of PET/CT studies via different viewing modes (linked cursor display, alpha-blend mode, checkerboard mode and split window mode). FusionViewer is implemented in Java and uses the Java OpenGL (JOGL) library and the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) library, which make it both a fast and cross-platform application. Its intuitive graphical user interface makes it easy to be used by physicians, radiologists, and research scientists. Several analysis and display tools are already available (navigator, zoom, pan, screen snapshot, ROI, and line measure tool; alpha-blending, checkerboard display, and split window display). Along with PET/CT, several other modalities where co-registered images are often visualized simultaneously have benefited from the use of this software.
Using a Mask to Decrease Computation Time for SpatialObject to Image Conversions
Authors: Mueller Dan
Published: January 2022

This article presents an approach for decreasing the computational time for converting a sparse SpatialObject to an Image. The method is applicable for SpatialObjects which occupy less volume than the total output Image (which occurs often, especially when using TubeSpatialObjects to represent vessels). A new filter MaskedSpatialObjectToImageFilter is introduced which dramatically decreases the execution time by creating a mask of relevant pixels. The mask is computed by calling the conventional SpatialObjectToImageFilter at a lower resolution, which is significantly faster for large images. The mask is then up-sampled to control which areas are further processed.
A VTK Algorithm for the Computation of the Hausdorff Distance
Authors: Commandeur Frédéric , Velut Jérôme , Acosta Oscar
Published: January 2022

The Hausdorff distance is a measure of the distance between sets of points. There are many advantages to using this metric compared to other similarity measures. This document describes a VTK class for computing the Hausdorff Distance between two sets of points. The main contribution, compared to other implementations, lies in the definition of the distance not only to the closest point but to the closest point in the represented surface, which yields an accurate measure even between undersampled surfaces. This is achieved by implementing a point-to-cell distance instead of a point-to-point. Furthermore, a plugin for ParaView was implemented, which is also available with the code. After introducing the interest of this distance, the VTK code is explained and illustrated with some examples.
A patch-based framework for new ITK functionality: Joint fusion, denoising, and non-local super-resolution
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Avants Brian , Wang Hongzhi , Xie Long , Coupe Pierrick , Yushkevich Paul , Manjon Jose
Published: January 2022

In an earlier Insight Journal article, we introduced an ITK implementation of the adaptive patch-based image denoising algorithm described in [3]. We follow-up up that offering with a generalized non-local, patch-based ITK class framework and a refactored denoising class. In addition, we provide two ITK implementations of related, well-known algorithms. The first is a non-local super resolution method described in [1, 2]. The second is the multivariate joint label fusion algorithm of [4, 5] with additional extensions, denoted as “joint intensity fusion”, which will be described in a forthcoming manuscript. Accompanying these ITK classes are documented programming interfaces which use our previously introduced unique command line interface routines. Several 2-D examples on brain imaging data are provided to qualitatively demonstrate performance.
Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Satpam untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Lulusan
Authors: Kurniawan Eka , Rosa Ade Tutty R , Handayani Sri
Published: January 2022

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Deskriptif (perspektif subjek). Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan satuan pengamanan dalam meningkatkan mutu lulusan di PT Hazimah Pradhana Sakti dan PT Prima Handanu Bhakti adalah kedua perusahaan tersebut berkolaboarsi dengan POLDA dan Polres setempat dan behubungan dengan baik. Perencanaan diawali dengan pembuatan kurikulum, perencanaan keuangan, persiapan penerimaan peserta didik, sarana dan prasarana dan berhubungan baik dengan mitra kerja. Dalam pelaksanaan mengkaji dan menganalisis pelaksanaan dalam Pendidikan dan Pelatihan satuan pengamanan untuk meningkatkan mutu lulusan di PT Hazimah Pradhana Sakti dan PT Prima Handanu Bhakti, pelaksanaan setiap unsur pendidikan sudah sesuai dengan yang direncanakan sebelumnya. Dalam Mencari Solusi dari untuk masalah yang dihadapi dalam proses Pendidikan dan Pelatihan satuan pengamanan untuk meningkatkan mutu lulusan di PT Hazimah Pradhana Sakti dan PT Prima Handanu Bhakti? Berdasarkan upaya menghadapi masalah yang dihadapi dala pendidikan pelatihan melakukan koordinasi sedini mungkin dalam mengambil keputusan antara pihak lapangan dan kantor pusat, meminimalisir muncunya masalah sehingga dalam melaksanakan pendidikan pelatihan berjaan dengan lancar.
Implicancias del rol de cuidado en la vida de las mujeres responsables de personas dependientes por discapacidad que, en el 2015, asistieron al Programa Educativo para Niños con Discapacidad Física, en Asunción
Authors: González Chamorro Romilio
Published: January 2022

El cuidado, es una necesidad y un derecho durante todas las etapas del desarrollo del ser humano, es realizado mayoritariamente por las mujeres, pero es desvalorizado social y económicamente en sociedades patriarcales, perjudicando el ejercicio de sus derechos y su ciudadanía social. Desde el concepto de la organización social del cuidado, esta investigación tiene por objetivo, analizar la incidencia de factores socioculturales en el imaginario y en las prácticas de las mujeres en relación a su rol de cuidado de niñas y niños con discapacidad física que, en el año 2015, asistieron al Programa Educativo para Niños con Discapacidad Física en Asunción. Es de tipo exploratorio, de carácter cualitativo y con muestreo por conveniencia. Se utilizan entrevistas en profundidad con una guía de preguntas. Se utilizó una matriz de categorías y la técnica del análisis de discursos para el análisis. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, los imaginarios y las prácticas sociales de las mujeres entrevistadas, están influenciadas por representaciones sociales basadas en la división sexual del trabajo con las que explican, justifican y refuerzan el reparto tradicional de los roles de cuidados, lo que implicó para ellas, el aumento de su tiempo total de trabajo en perjuicio de su bienestar. Para sobrellevarlo, sus estrategias de resistencias son de carácter personal, y desarticuladas de servicios públicos u organizativos. En conclusión, estas mujeres, por influencia de la división sexual del trabajo asocian la maternidad y los cuidados como sus funciones naturales e ineludibles, asumiendo la sobrecarga de los cuidados, privilegiando a los hombres y la acumulación. Si esto no se revierte, se seguirá perjudicando el bienestar principalmente de las mujeres.
Contexto social de jóvenes rurales en situación de migración en San Pedro del Ykuamandyju, año 2019
Authors: Torales Mauricio , Ríos Cristian , Martínez Paola
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio indaga sobre la situación social y económica de jóvenes migrantes del área rural a la ciudad de San Pedro del Ykuamandyju por razones de estudio universitario. Tiene por objetivos específicos: describir las condiciones sociales y económicas actuales de jóvenes, estudiantes universitarios, de origen rural en contexto de migración urbana e identificar las principales oportunidades o dificultades durante el proceso de adaptación a la ciudad. El tipo de investigación es exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo. La información fue relevada a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a jóvenes rurales en situación de migración y a referentes locales e institucionales vinculados a este sector. Además, se recurrió a documentos oficiales y a estudios e investigaciones disponibles sobre la temática. Entre los hallazgos principales, se encontró que la universidad es el principal motivo por el cual los jóvenes rurales migran a la ciudad y se constituye como parte fundamental de la dinámica social de los mismos. Sin embargo, San Pedro se constituye como ciudad transitoria para los jóvenes, ya que la importancia y trascendencia de la presencia de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, no es acompañada, desde el Estado, con otras iniciativas de políticas públicas destinadas al sector estudiado, predominando el desempleo, subempleo y trabajo precarizado, salarios muy por debajo del mínimo legal vigente, entre otros. Además, existe una sobrepoblación de profesionales de las mismas áreas ante una nula oportunidad laboral, por lo que los mismos se ven obligados a un segundo proceso de migración.
Economic Security in Post-Soviet Countries: Level of Ensuring and Development Trends
Authors:   National Academy of Internal Affairs, 1 Solomjanska Square, 03035, Kyiv, Ukrain, Kozachenko Ganna , Andrushchenko Igor ,   National Academy of Internal Affairs, 1 Solomjanska Square, 03035, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pogorelov Yuriy ,   The Accounting Chamber, 7 Kotsiubynskoho Str., 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gerasymenko Larysa ,   National Academy of Internal Affairs, 1 Solomjanska Square, 03035, Kyiv, Ukrain, Romanovska Yuliia ,   Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, 87 Soborna Str., 19104, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Published: January 2022

At the national level of economic security studies, a special place has alway s b e lon ged t o t he estimating side of the issue. Estimations of state economic security serve as input data for the determinat ion of directions and ways of further security provision. At the same time, such estimations should be considered not only as a result of a certain methodology application in a certain co un try b ut a lso i n t h e c o nte xt o f comparing the economic security estimations across a set of countries. The aim of the article is to determin e the level of ensuring economic security in post-Soviet countries and recognize patterns, ri sk s, a n d t h rea ts that affect the future development of state economic security. For comparative analysis of economic security, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Georgia, and period 2016-2020 have been selected. The methodological basis of the study included the followingmethods: comparative economic studies, methods of summation, arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic, geometric mean, rating; international index systems we re used as a basis for comparative analysis. Using the suggested methodology of estimation allowed obta ini ng results that characterize level real economic security, is lower than average. None of the analyzed countri es has managed to maintain an acceptable level of economic security. The determined levels allow u s t o st a te that the economic systems of the analyzed post-Soviet countries demonstrat e h i gh p erc ep ti ve ne ss t o t h e actualization of various threats. And this perceptiveness, in its turn, leads to various negative changes in t h e economic systems of these countries. The high perceptiveness of the economic systems in the analyze d p o st-Soviet countries to the actualization of various threats can be explained by the c h an gin g q u ali ty o f t he ir economic potential, low levels of their innovativeness, and also the lack of proper condi ti ons t o a p ply t h e innovations
Regulated Market in Tripura: For Sustainable Local Governance
Authors:   Faculty of Management and Commerce, the ICFAI University Tripura, Kamalghat, Tripura -799210, India, Hazari Sujoy , Dey Trinankur ,   Faculty of Management and Commerce, the ICFAI University Tripura, Kamalghat, Tripura -799210, India
Published: January 2022

The farmers are getting poorer despite the increase in the agricultural GDP. The profitability of agriculture has declined while the risk involved has increased.The changes in the policy en v iron ment a n d the market situation have not benefited the small and marginal farmers uniformly. Th e st u dy a tt emp ts t o project the regulated market of Tripura with different amenities available in the market vicinity. Alto gethe r 21 markets have been deliberately studied with twenty numbers of respondents from each market, and a total 420 numbers of responses are recorded; and a z-test has been applied to ascertain the relative importance of the specific variables. The market information, storing, weighing, sorting facilities are significantly aff ec te d on the marketing of agricultural produce in regulated markets of Tripura. In contrast, grading and transportation facilities have been found less affected by the regulated market system in Tri pura . Th e f i rst controlled market was created (1964). Following that, three markets were controlled in 1981, and sevente en markets were regulated in 1986. In Tripura, the government has take n se v e ral me a sure s t o e sta bli sh a controlled market. Despite these measures, there has been no discernible improvement in the state of Tripura's regulated markets
On the Shift of Parts of Speech in Prepositional Meaning in English-Vietnamese Translation
Authors: Dinh Dac Phat
Published: January 2022

Exploring the shift in meanings of translating prepositions from English to Vietnamese, the study, besides analyzing the cases of the changes in meanings of prepositions, aims to discuss a general variety of meanings of English prepositions. The methods of analysis and synthesis of theories from the available data on prepositions as well as the methods of classifying and systematizing prepositions were applied to English-Vietnamese translation. From the collected data, this study has revealed 6 cases of the shift in meanings of prepositions and the characteristics of multiple meanings of prepositions. In the course of translation, contextual meanings are used in order to convey the meanings appropriately in the Vietnamese style. The research paper can make some contribution to the teaching of translation and make it a reference material for English learners.
Design of 3D Digitization Integrated Robotic Arm to Help Clinical Applications
Authors: Selek Mustafa Berkant , Solmaz Aykut , Cetintas Emrah , Ugur Kaan , Isler Yalcin
Published: January 2022

Thanks to developing technology, robots have been integrated into many parts of daily life. Robots are called programmable, multifunctional, work, and timesaving devices. In this study, it is aimed to enhance a robotic arm to become a new tool for transferring an object to the virtual environment by integrating a three-dimensional digitizing property to the robotic arm. The robotic arm is developed using the software of Autodesk Fusion 360 and its physical prototype is implemented using PLA filament in three dimensional printers. A general-purpose microcontroller board of Arduino Mega 2560 model connected to motor drivers is used to control stepper motors that conduct robotic arm actions. Encoders used in the threedimensional digitizer are connected to digital pins of the Arduino board to calculate the X-Y-Z coordinates of the object in the space. The proposed system is controlled via the interface program, which is developed in Python programming language. As a result, a device to use in clinical applications is available in our biomechanics laboratuary, now.
The Origins and Significance of Market Tremors
Authors: Krishnan Hari
Published: January 2022

Explosive volatility without an exogenous explanation has become a perplexing hallmark of modern markets. Ideas from Mean Field Theory can help clarify things
Gun Control Research
Authors: Brown Aaron
Published: January 2022

In �Gun Control Research�, Aaron shows why dealing with specific questions is hampered, though, by looking for specific answers
Picture Post Ed Thorp
Authors: Thorp Edward
Published: January 2022

Pictorial
Heart Transplant
Authors: Radley Milford
Published: January 2022

Ferrari/Maserati
A dynamic panel data analysis for relationship between technological innovation, entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Authors: Sadraoui Tarek , Ammari Anis
Published: January 2022

This manuscript aims to study elements of answers to the effect of adequate entrepreneurial activity that would have effects on economic growth. This paper analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth for a dynamic panel data of developing countries over the 2004–2017 periods. We used two measures of entrepreneurship: the new density and the potential of innovation. We estimated a growth function using the method of static and dynamic panel data. Our results show that the new density and growth are significantly and positively correlated. Our results also show that if the short-term impact of technological innovation on growth is negative, this effect is positive in the long term. This result confirms the theoretical predictions, namely the theory of spillage.
How Novo Nordisk Used Porter’s Concept of Shared Value Achieving Profitable Business and Healthy Society "Professional Approach"
Authors: KHERCHI Ishak , FELLAGUE Mohamed , HADDOU Samira Ahlem
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to provide shared value as a new approach for pharmaceutical company to create social and economic value, in addition to that we aims to provide a theoretical background of the concept, then a practical contributions that ground understanding the concept of creating shared value.

The authors analyse a single case study of Novo Nordisk. The objective is to show for professionals the importance of this new approach in creating social and economic value.

We found that Novo Nordisk used this new approach of creating shared value by following set of social and economic programs; we also provide new approach of doing business for pharmaceutical companies.

This single case study provides new approach to create social and economic value for pharmaceutical companies; however, more research is needed to find other approaches or testing the same approach in other industries.

The paper has practical implications that relate to the design of shared value approach. We provide practical approach and ideas that could be applied by other companies to reach shared value creation professionals could use these ideas to create social and economic value.

A professional unique approach to create social and economic value for pharmaceutical companies.
The application of environmental responsibility in the Algerian economic institution to achieve sustainable development: Case Study of National Observatory for Environment and Sustainable Development ONEDD in Mostaganem, Algeria
Authors: TARI Abdelkader , BELMOKHTAR Fodil , BELATRECHE Mansour
Published: January 2022

This paper aims at clarifying the correlation between the green economy and achieving sustainable development. We have conducted a field study on the National Observatory for Environment and Sustainable Development (ONEDD) in Mostaganem. The aim of this study is to activate the relationship between the Observatory and the economic institutions, because the institutions that contract with the Observatory benefit from a certificate that helps them obtain the ISO standard. The study concluded that the industrial establishments contracted by the Observatory adopt environmental responsibility, because the emergence of the concept of environmental responsibility has helped them to reconcile environmental spending with its mission.
Measuring Corporate Governance Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): Case of Algerian Companies
Authors: HADJ-SAHRAOUI Hamoudi , Chiboub Rima
Published: January 2022

During the last decades, and according to its effect on financial performance, the measuring of corporate governance systems has been the subject of many empirical studies. In this side and in order to arrange the Algerian companies, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is concerning as a multi-criteria decision-making method, has been used to analyze the data of 16 companies during the period 2010-2013.

The findings are as follows: (1) in contrast to the property type which determines the financial performance, the relationships between corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance are weak and sometimes negative (2) according to AHP results, the corporate governance systems of private companies are the best.
External auditor responsibility in detecting errors and frauds under international audit standards
Authors: BOUFARH Amina
Published: January 2022

This study aims to demonstrate the responsibilities of the external auditor with regard to illegal behavior in the financial statements by assessing the auditors' compliance with their professional responsibility and the ability to detect the risks of fraud and identify the factors leading to the disclosure by auditors. The study concluded that the external auditor is not legally responsible for detecting fraud, but should exercise caution when examining the financial statements for misstatements, as he should express an opinion. more transparent and credible on the validity of financial statements
The role of accounting knowledge in supporting and enhancing accounting practice in light of the internationalization of accounting education
Authors: RASHWAN Abd El Rahman Mohmmed , Abu Arab Heba H.M.
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to identify the role of accounting knowledge in supporting and enhancing accounting practice in light of the internationalization of accounting education, in order to answer the questions and test the hypotheses of the study, the researchers relied on the descriptive-analytical approach, and to obtain the relevant data, a questionnaire was distributed after its evaluation to the study population.

The results of the study proved that there is a role for scientific, technical and practical accounting qualification in promoting accounting practice in light of the internationalization of accounting education.

The study recommended the necessity of taking into account the development plans in universities to provide time for faculty members in the accounting departments in Palestinian universities to develop their scientific knowledge in line with the internationalization of accounting education.
VERİ EKONOMİSİ VE REKABET HUKUKU
Authors: KURDOĞLU Berkay , ATA Çağlar Deniz
Published: January 2022

İnternet ve yapay zekâ temelli dijitalleşme sürecinin gün geçtikçe gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşmasıyla beraber başta akıllı cihazlar olmak üzere yeni nesil enformasyon teknolojileri temelinde yaşanan kapsamlı dönüşüm, dünyamızı hızla değiştirmeye devam etmektedir. Nitekim bu dönüşüm sadece sosyal yaşantımızda değil, ekonomik ve ticari hayatın doğal akışında da ortaya çıkmakta ve konvansiyonel iş kolları ile satış teknikleri yerini veri tabanlı yeni iş modellerine bırakmaktadır. Dijitalleşme süreçleri üreticiler için verimliliği arttıracak yeni nesil imkânlar yaratabilirken tüketiciler için de günlük hayatı kolaylaştırabilecek sayısız hizmeti temin edebilmektedir. Bununla beraber, bu dönüşüm ve değişim süreçleri, kendi doğasında yatan dinamizmin doğal bir sonucu olarak daha önce öngörülmemiş ve çözümlenmesi oldukça karmaşık meselelere de yol açabilmektedir. Veri ekonomisinin yaygınlaşması ile ortaya çıkan pazar gücünün dizginlenmesine dönük regülasyon ihtiyacı bu meselelerden en çok tartışılanlarından bir tanesini temsil etmektedir. Veri ekonomisi ve veri temelli iş modellerine sahip şirketlerin yapıları gereği bu regülasyon tartışması; bilişim hukuku, rekabet hukuku, regülasyon teorisi, ticaret hukuku ve tüketici verilerinin korunması hukuku gibi alanları ortak eden bir tartışma olup sınırları henüz kesin bir şekilde çizilememektedir. Öte yandan, küresel ölçekte şu ana kadar rekabet hukuku ve rekabet otoritelerinin faaliyetleri göz önüne alındığında, veri ekonomisinin düzenlenmesi alanında rekabet normlarının çok daha pro-aktif bir yaklaşım benimsediği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda; veri, Büyük Veri veya veri ekonomisi çerçevesinde karşılaşılan iktisadi ve hukuki eylemlere, rekabet hukuku perspektifinden nasıl bakış açıları sağlanabileceğine ilişkin bir mütalaa alt yapısı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu açıdan öncelikle veri ekonomisi ve veriye ilişkin kavramların temel tanımlarına yer verilerek verinin nasıl sınıflandırılabileceğine ilişkin kısa bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır Ardından rekabet hukuku metodolojisi bağlamında genelden özele bir sıralama yapılarak; ilgili pazarın tanımlanması, pazara giriş, pazar gücünün ölçülmesi hususlarında veri ekonomisi ve rekabet hukuku ilişkisinin irdelenmesi gayreti içine girilmiştir. Son olarak iktisadi pazarlara yönelik kavramsal çerçeveyi çizdikten sonra bu çerçevenin içini pazarda karşılaşılan kısıtlayıcı eylemler ile doldurarak veri ekonomisine ilişkin rekabet hukuku meselelerini ülkemiz ve dünya örnekleri ile sunma gayesi benimsenmiştir. Bu bağlamda mevcut çalışmanın temel amacını da günümüzün dijitalleşen dünyasının en önemli fenomenlerinden biri olan Büyük Veri’nin rekabet paradigmasına ve rekabetçi süreçlere olan etkilerinin çözümlenmesi ve rekabet hukuku açısından doğabilecek zarar teorilerinin etüt edilerek mevcut veya potansiyel etkinlik kazanımları ile karşılaştırılması oluşturmaktadır.
Scalar-Torsion Theories in Four Dimensional Static Spacetimes
Authors: . Mulyanto , Akbar Fiki Taufik , Gunara Bobby Eka
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we consider a class of static spacetimes scalar-torsion theories in four dimensioanal static spacetimes with the scalar potential turned on. We discover that the 2-dimensional submanifold must admit constant triplet structures, one of which is the torsion scalar. This indicates that these equations of motion can be reduced to a single highly non-linear ordinary differential equation known as the master equation. Then, we show that there are no exact solution of the scalar-torsion theory in four dimensions considering the Sinh-Gordon potential.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae feed supplements improve growth performance and gut mucosal architecture with modulations on cecal microbiota in red-feathered native chickens
Authors: Lee Tzu-Tai , Chou Chung-Hsi , Wang Chinling , Lu Hsuan-Ying , Yang Wen-Yuan
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the effects of in-feed supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on growth performance, gut integrity, and microbiota modulations in red-feathered native chickens (RFCs).Methods: A total of 18,000 RFCs in a commercial farm were evenly assigned into two dietary treatments (control diet; 0.05% BA and 0.05% SC) by randomization and raised for 11 weeks in two separate houses. Fifty RFCs in each group were randomly selected and raised in the original house with the partition for performance evaluations at the age of 9 and 11 weeks. Six non-partitioned RFCs per group were randomly selected for analyses of intestinal architecture and 16S rRNA metagenomics.Results: Feeding BA and SC increased the body weight and body weight gain, significantly at the age of 11 weeks (p<0.05). The villus height/crypt ratio in the small intestines and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were also notably increased (p<0.05). The supplementation did not disturb the microbial community structure but promote the featured microbial shifts characterized by the significant increments of Bernesiella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Butyrucimonas, following remarkable decrements of Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Succinatimonas in RFCs with growth benefits. Besides, functional pathways of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, nucleotide excision repair, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) biosynthesis were significantly promoted (p<0.05).Conclusion: In-feed supplementation of BA and SC enhanced the growth performance, improved mucosal architectures in small intestines, and modulated the cecal microbiota and metabolic pathways in RFCs.
Predicting the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values
Authors: Togashi Kenji , Adachi Kazunori , Kurogi Kazuhito , Yasumori Takanori , Watanabe Toshio , Toda Shohei , Matsubara Satoshi , Hirohama Kiyohide , Takahashi Tsutomu , Matsuo Shoichi
Published: January 2022

Objective: A formula is needed that is practical for current livestock breeding methods and that predicts the approximate rate of inbreeding (∆F) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs (sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters). The formula widely used to predict inbreeding neglects selection, we need to develop a new formula that can be applied with or without selection.Methods: The core of the prediction is to incorporate the long-tern genetic influence of the selected parents in four-selection paths executed as sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters. The rate of inbreeding was computed as the magnitude that is proportional to the sum of squared long-term genetic contributions of the parents of four-selection paths to the selected offspring.Results: We developed a formula to predict the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values and with discrete generations. The new formula can be applied with or without selection. Neglecting the effects of selection led to underestimation of the rate of inbreeding by 40% to 45%.Conclusion: The formula we developed here would be highly useful as a practical method for predicting the approximate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs.
Qualitative attributes of meat from Teramana goat kids, an Italian native breed of the Abruzzo region
Authors: Ianni Andrea , Bennato Francesca , Martino Camillo , Di Luca Alessio , Martino Giuseppe
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this work was the characterization of the qualitative aspects of meat obtained from Teramana goats, an Italian indigenous breed of the Abruzzo region. Specifically, the study included a comparison with meat samples deriving from Saanen goat kids reared in the same environment and applying the same feeding protocol.Methods: Upon reaching about 7 months of age the animals were slaughtered and samples of muscle tissue were collected to be analyzed. Specifically, meat samples were subjected to evaluations of the physical parameters, including color and the meat ability to retain water, in addition to chemical evaluations that were focused to the determination of the total lipids amount, fatty acids composition, lipid oxidation, and volatile profile.Results: The meat samples obtained from the indigenous breed showed a less intense reddish color and no significant variations for the muscle tissue tendency to retain water, both regarding fresh and cooked meat. Several differences were instead observed in the fatty acid profile. The Teramana samples were richer in saturated fatty acids (p<0.01) and interestingly showed higher concentrations of rumenic acid (p<0.05), a conjugate of linoleic acid that has been associated with important health benefits for the consumers. Another important finding for these meat samples was the marked resistance to oxidative events, as evidenced by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-test (p<0.05) and by the characterization of the volatile profile that highlighted a strong reduction in the relative percentage of hexanal (p<0.05), commonly associated to lipid oxidation and the development of unpleasant aromatic notes.Conclusion: The collected data, therefore appeared useful for the valorization of the food product derived from the Teramana goat, although no sensory information has been collected to define the degree of acceptability by the consumers.
Assessment of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Lipid Profile in Term Neonates Born to Smoking Mothers
Authors: Turan Hande , Meşe Timur , Doksoz Onder , Turan Volkan
Published: January 2022

Background: It is well-known that cigarette smoke contains chemical substances, including nicotine and carbon monoxide, which can have harmful effects on cardiovascular function. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and compare lipid levels and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CAIMT) among neonates born to smoking and nonsmoking mothers. Methods: This study was conducted on 40 term neonates (over 37 weeks of gestation) within the age range of 0 - 30 days born to smoking mothers (study group) and 34 term neonates born to nonsmoking mothers (control group). Both groups were assessed prospectively for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and CAIMT. Results: There was no difference in the mean age of mothers between control and study groups (29.0 ± 4.5 vs. 29.3 ± 5.7 years; P = 0.31). The CAIMT was observed as similar between the groups (0.35 ± 0.05 vs. 0.36 ± 0.05 mm in control and study groups, respectively; P = 0.665). Although HDL-C levels were significantly lower in the study group (48.5 ± 16.2 vs. 39.1 ± 17.8 mg/dL; P = 0.021), no difference was observed in LDL-C, TC, and TG levels between the two groups. Conclusions: Based on the results, there were no differences in CAIMT and lipid profile other than low HDL levels between term neonates born to smoking mothers and neonates born to nonsmoking mothers. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which numerous factors play a role in the formation beginning in the fetal period and emerging with clinical findings in advanced age; therefore, it is required to perform further studies with longer follow-up and larger sample size to confirm the present study findings.