bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PERSULFONIUM SALTS: THE REACTION OF A DIFLUOROPERSULFURANE WITH LEWIS ACIDS
Authors: MICHALAK R. S. , MARTIN J. C.
Published: April 2016

Hydrolyse der Titelverbindung (II) gibt das Sulfuranoxid (I) ("F‐NMR‐spektroskopisehe Untersuchung); Kondensation von (II) mit PFS (III) führt zum Persulfoniumsalz (IV) (reversible Reaktion; in einer CHzC12‐Lösung mit überschüssigem Amin (V) wird (II) zurückgebildet (+ Verbindung (VI)).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND AMINOMETHYLATION OF 2‐IMINO‐5‐ARYLIDENETHIAZOLIDIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: SOLOV'EVA‐YAVITS S. YU. , RAMSH S. M. , SMORYGO N. A. , GINAK A. I. , SOCHILIN E. G.
Published: April 2016

502‐0 i Ethoxymethylation and Aminomethylation of 2‐Imino‐5‐arylidenethiazolidine‐4‐ ones.
ChemInform Abstract: CONCURRENT METHOXIDE ION ATTACK AT THE 5‐ AND 7‐CARBONS OF 4‐NITROBENZOFURAZAN AND 4‐NITROBENZOFUROXAN. A KINETIC STUDY IN METHANOL
Authors: TERRIER F. , CHATROUSSE A.‐P. , MILLOT F.
Published: April 2016

Aus den 4‐Nitro‐benzofurazanen und ‐furoxanen (I) entstehen mit Methylat die Addukte (II) und (III), deren Reaktionskinetik diskutiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF PSORALEN DERIVATIVES: PSORALEN, 4‐METHYLPSORALEN AND 4‐PHENYLPSORALEN
Authors: AHLUWALIA V. K. , PRAKASH C. , BALA S.
Published: April 2016

Zur Synthese der Titelverbindungen (I) wird die 8‐Stellung der als Ausgangsmaterialien dienenden Benzopyrane (I) mit Iod blockiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS AND REACTIONS; 87. DEOXYGENATION OF PYRIDINE N‐OXIDES WITH TRIMETHYL(ETHYL)AMINE‐SULFUR DIOXIDE COMPLEXES
Authors: OLAH G. A. , ARVANAGHI M. , VANKAR Y. D.
Published: April 2016

Pyridin‐N‐oxide (I) werden durch Trimethylamin‐ oder Triethylamin‐Schwefeldioxid‐Komplexe in siedendem Dioxan zu Pyridinen (II) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF HETEROCYCLIC BETAINES. SYNTHESIS OF A NEW HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM
Authors: KOCHKANYAN R. O. , LUKANYUK S. S.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Betain (I) entstehen durch Umsetzung mit Dimethylamin (II) in Essigsäure oder in Methanol die Enamine (III) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: QUINONE CHEMISTRY. REACTION OF 2,3‐DICHLORO‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONE WITH O‐AMINOPHENOLS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS
Authors: AGARWAL N. L. , SCHAEFER W. +
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung zwischen 2,3‐Dichlor‐1,4‐naphthochinon (I) und den o‐Aminophenolen (II) in Alkoholen R‐OH wird untersucht und liefert die Kondensationsprodukte (III)‐(VII).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐SILYLENAMINES BY SILYLATION OF IMINES WITH TRIMETHYLSILYL TRIFLATE
Authors: AHLBRECHT H. , DUEBER E.‐O. +
Published: April 2016

Aldimine und Ketimine (I) werden mit Trimethylsilyl‐triflat (II) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin selektiv in N‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐enamine (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANALOGS OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE. 4. SYNTHESES OF SOME NEW VINYL‐ AND METHYLENE‐SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATE DERIVATIVES
Authors: DAVIDSON R. M. , KENYON G. L.
Published: April 2016

Dimethoxyphosphono‐essigsäuremethylester (I) reagiert mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II) zu den stereoisomeren Addukten (IIIa), die unter Decarboxylierung zu (IIIb) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A SPIROBICYCLIC PHOSPHORUS YLIDE AND ITS CORRESPONDING PHOSPHONIUM CATION
Authors: SCHMIDBAUR H. , MOERTL A. +
Published: April 2016

Das spirobicyclische Ylid (III) wird ausgehend vom Methylphosphorinan (I) über das mit 1,4‐Dibrombutan gebildete Phosphoniumsalz (II) erhalten, das bei Behandlung mit KH cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ETHERATE, PYRIDINE, AND ANILINE COMPOUNDS OF THE COMPLEX TRI‐ AND TETRAIODOACIDS OF ZINC(II) AND CADMIUM(II)
Authors: GALINOS A. G. , PERLEPES S. P. , KOUINIS J. K.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von wasserfreiem Z1112 oder CdI2 mit frisch dargestellten Etherat‐Lösungen von HI liefern abhängig vom Molverhältnis die Addukt (I) und (II), in denen keine Koordination vom Ethersauerstoff zum Metall besteht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NEPTUNIUM(III) FORMATE
Authors: SCHWOCHAU K. , DROZDZYNSKI J.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird durch Lösen von Np‐tetrachlorid in wasserfreier Ameisensäure und darauffolgende Reduktion mit einem Überschuß an flüssigem Zn‐amalgam synthetisiert (keine Ausb.‐ Angabe).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL‐METHYLENE COMPLEXES. 11. SYNTHESIS OF THE FIRST METHYLIDYNE‐RHODIUM CLUSTER BY ACID‐INDUCED HYDROGEN/METHANE ELIMINATION FROM A μ‐METHYLENE COMPLEX
Authors: HERRMANN W. A. , PLANK J. , GUGGOLZ E. , ZIEGLER M. L.
Published: April 2016

Die leicht zugängliche Rh‐Verbindung (I) mit einer unsubstituierten Methylen‐Brücke reagiert mit HBF4, TFA oder CF3SO3H in THF nahezu quantitativ zu den dreikernigen, salzartigen Clusterverbindungen (II) mit m‐CH‐Gruppe unter Eliminierung von H, und Methan.
ChemInform Abstract: HEMICYANINES FROM 3‐ARYLBENZO(F)QUINOLINIUM SALTS AND THEIR SPECTRAL LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES
Authors: KOZLOV N. S. , ZHIKHAREVA O. D. , GLADCHENKO L. F. , BURKAKOVA D. I. , DANCHENKO N. M.
Published: April 2016

Aryl‐ und Arylethylenderivate heterocyclischer Verbindungen können als organische Luminophore Verwendung finden.
ChemInform Abstract: PARTIAL SYNTHESES OF OPTICALLY PURE METHYL BACTERIOPHEOPHORBIDES C AND D FROM METHYL PHEOPHORBIDE A
Authors: SMITH K. M. , BISSET G. M. F. , BUSHELL M. J.
Published: April 2016

Nach bekannten Methoden der Porphin‐Chemie wird aus (I) das Methylbacteriopheophorbid (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF NEW AMINE DERIVATIVES AND CARBONYL TRANSPOSITION IN THE 1,7,7‐TRIMETHYLBICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTANE SERIES
Authors: BONDAVALLI F. , SCHENONE P. , RANISE A.
Published: April 2016

Katalytische Hydrierung der Campherenamine (I) oder Hydrid‐Reduktion ihrer Perchlorate liefern unter partieller Stereoselektivität die exo/endo‐Gemische (II)/(III), wobei bei der Hydrierung die exo‐Epimeren (II), und bei der Reduktion die endo‐Epimeren (III) überwiegen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF MOENOCINOL AND ASSIGNMENT OF ITS CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM
Authors: COATES R. M. , JOHNSON M. W.
Published: April 2016

Isobuttersäure (Ia) wird über das Anion (Ib) zu (IIa) substituiert und nach Überführung in den Benzylether (IIb) zu (III) epoxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,6‐DIHYDRO‐3(2H)‐PYRIDINONES AS SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES. FORMAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐TABERSONINE AND (.+‐.)‐CATHARANTHINE
Authors: IMANISHI T. , SHIN H. , YAGI N. , HANAOKA M.
Published: April 2016

Reaktionen mit N‐substituierten Hydropyridonen (I) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF ZINC BROMIDE FOR REMOVAL OF DIMETHOXYTRITYL ETHERS FROM DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES
Authors: MATTEUCCI M. D. , CARUTHERS M. H.
Published: April 2016

Die Spaltung von 5′‐Trityl‐nucleosiden gelingt glatt mit Zinkbromid, während die 3′‐Trityl‐Derivate unter gleichen Bedingungen nicht angegriffen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF THE PEDERIN TO PEDERENAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: WRATTEN S. J. , MEINWALD J.
Published: April 2016

Pederin (I) und Pedaldehyd (II) können sauer in Pederenal (III) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Temperature Transport and Thermodynamic Properties of the Zintl Compound Yb11AlSb9: A New Kondo Lattice Semiconductor.
Authors: Magnavita E. T. , Rettori C. , Osorio‐Guillen J. M. , Ferreira F. F. , Mendonca‐Ferreira L. , Avila M. A. , Ribeiro R. A.
Published: April 2016

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from the elements using Sn as a flux (alumina crucibles, 1100 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: MxMn8O16 (M: Ag or K) as Promising Cathode Materials for Secondary Mg Based Batteries: The Role of the Cation M.
Authors: Huang Jianping , Poyraz Altug S. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C.
Published: April 2016

The AgxMn8O16 (I) and KxMn8O16 (II) tunneled manganese dioxides are prepared by low‐temperature methods according to the literature and used as high voltage cathode materials for Mg‐based batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Mesoporous Titania Cubes and Their Photocatalytic Application.
Authors: Chowdhury Ipsita Hazra , Bose Pallab , Naskar Milan Kanti
Published: April 2016

Cube shaped TiO2 is hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of TiOSO4, glucose, and EtOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h) followed by calcination at 600 °C for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxide Coordination of Tellurium in Aqueous Solutions.
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Churakov Andrei V. , Grishanov Dmitry A. , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Lev Ovadia
Published: April 2016

The peroxo compounds (NH4)4Te2(μ‐OO)2 (μ‐O)O4(OH)2 (I) and (NH4)5Te2(μ‐OO)2 (μ‐O)O5 (OH)·1.28H2O·0.72H2O2 (II) are isolated from aq.
ChemInform Abstract: KMg6 (P2O7)2P3O10: A Novel Phosphate with Two Distinct Anions.
Authors: Shen Yaoguo , Zeng Siyuan , Xu Yingying , Liu Sijie , Wang Sasa , Wu Zhenyue , Zhao Sangen , Luo Junhua
Published: April 2016

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared from mixtures of K2CO3, MgO, (NH4)2HPO4, and LiOH·H2O in a molar ratio of 1:2:6:4 (Pt crucible, 900 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Carbide as a Convenient Acetylene Source in the Synthesis of Unsaturated Sulfides, Promising Functionalized Monomers.
Authors: Rodygin Konstantin S. , Kostin Anton A. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: April 2016

The atom‐economic thiol‐yne click reactions of heterocyclic thiols or aliphatic dithiols with from calcium carbide in situ generated acetylene lead to the corresponding vinyl sulfides or bis(thiovinyl)ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Promoted Cyclization/Difunctionalization of Allenols and Allenylsulfonamides: Synthesis of Heterocycle‐Functionalized Vinyl Carboxylate Esters.
Authors: Casavant Barbara J. , Khoder Zainab M. , Berhane Ilyas A. , Chemler Sherry R.
Published: April 2016

An operationally simple method for intramolecular aminooxygenation and dioxygenation of allenylsulfonamides and allenols is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones with Triethylphosphite in Microwave Revisited: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aroylindoles and 2‐Arylquinolines.
Authors: Gupta Annah , Khajuria Rajni , Kapoor Kamal K.
Published: April 2016

The formation of 2‐arylquinolines by reductive cyclization reactions is reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing the Saegusa—Ito Cyclization for the Synthesis of Difluorinated Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Percy Jonathan M. , McCarter Adam W. , Sewell Alan L. , Sloan Nikki , Kennedy Alan R. , Hirst David J.
Published: April 2016

For the first time, the title reaction is used to transform difluorinated silylenol ethers to difluorinated cycloalkenones under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical [1,3] Rearrangements of Breslow Intermediates.
Authors: Alwarsh Sefat , Xu Yi , Qian Steven Y. , McIntosh Matthias C.
Published: April 2016

DBU‐promoted condensation of benzothiazole salts and related thiazole, thiadiazole, or triazole salts generates Breslow intermediates which undergo homolytic C‐N bond cleavage to give formal [1,3] rearrangement products.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Epoxidation of Alkenes Using Aerobic Photoperoxidation of Toluenes.
Authors: Taguchi Miyabi , Nagasawa Yoshitomo , Yamaguchi Eiji , Tada Norihiro , Miura Tsuyoshi , Itoh Akichika
Published: April 2016

Efficient epoxidation of various alkenes is achieved using 4‐tert‐butylperoxybenzoic acid, generated in situ by aerobic photooxidative synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Photoredox‐Catalyzed Reductive Difluoromethylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Zuxiao , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: April 2016

Photoredox‐catalyzed reductive difluoromethylation of electron‐deficient olefins in one step under mild and neutral conditions affords a facile method to introduce difluoromethyl groups in β‐position to electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diazo Compounds with Difluorocarbene: An Efficient Approach Towards 1,1‐Difluoroolefins.
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Yu Weizhi , Wu Chenggui , Wang Chengpeng , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: April 2016

The title compounds are chemoselectively obtained by transition‐metal‐free difluoromethylenation of various diazo compounds under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalytic Study of Ruthenium Carbene Catalyst Containing a Zn‐Porphyrin Ligand.
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Huizhu , Wang Xinyuan , Liu Guiyan
Published: April 2016

The new Hoveyda‐Grubbs type ruthenium carbene catalyst exhibits excellent performance for both ring‐closing and cross metathesis reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Alkenylzincation of Unfunctionalized Alkynes.
Authors: Wu Junliang , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: April 2016

Reaction conditions are optimized to couple diverse range of alkylzinc reagents, prepared from a 1:2 mixture of ZnCl2·TMEDA and the corresponding alkenylmagnesium bromide, with internal alkynes in the presence of CoF2 and tBu‐Xantphos as catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: C(sp2)—C(sp2) Cross Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by a Palladacycle Phosphine Complex: A Simple and Sustainable Protocol in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Hosseinzadeh Marjan
Published: April 2016

A palladacycle phosphine complex is used as catalyst for the Heck reaction of various aryl halides with olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed ortho‐C—H‐Acylation of 2‐Arylpyridines Using Phenylacetylenes and Styrene Epoxide.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Yang , Yang Tingting , Li Li , Li Dong
Published: April 2016

The title reaction provides arylketones in moderate yields with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic α‐Amino Acids Using a Recyclable Axially Chiral Ligand.
Authors: Li Jia , Zhou Shengbin , Wang Jiang , Kawashima Aki , Moriwaki Hiroki , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Liu Hong
Published: April 2016

A new chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent containing a recyclable axially chiral ligand is prepared and its alkylation reactions with various alkyl bromides under unconventional conditions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Amides from Aryl Azides and Aldehydes.
Authors: Xie Sheng , Zhang Yang , Ramstroem Olof , Yan Mingdi
Published: April 2016

The reactions afford the required arylamides in an efficient manner under the basic conditions shown.
ChemInform Abstract: A Robust, Eco‐Friendly Access to Secondary Thioamides Through the Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Isothiocyanates in Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (CPME).
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Monticelli Serena , Safranek Sandra , Roller Alexander , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang
Published: April 2016

The nucleophilic addition of organolithium reagents to isothiocyanates affords secondary thioamides in a straightforward, high‐yielding, one‐pot method.
ChemInform Abstract: Splitting a Substrate into Three Parts: Gold‐Catalyzed Nitrogenation of Alkynes by C—C and CC Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Qin Chong , Su Yijin , Shen Tao , Shi Xiaodong , Jiao Ning
Published: April 2016

An efficient gold‐catalyzed process that involves the cleavage of one C—C single bond and the triple bond of alkynes (I) and (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Photoredox with Palladium Catalysis: Decarboxylative ortho‐Acylation of Acetanilides with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Zhou Chao , Li Pinhua , Zhu Xianjin , Wang Lei
Published: April 2016

32 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Tandem Oxidative C(sp3)—H Bond Functionalization of Alkanes and Dearomatization of N‐Phenyl‐cinnamamides: Access to Alkylated 1‐Azaspiro[4.5]decanes.
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Gu Zhangxi , Xu Pan , Hu Hongwen , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: April 2016

The title reaction provides a direct method for the synthesis of alkylated 1‐azaspiro[4.5]decanes with excellent regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopropanated [2.2.1] Heterobicycloalkenes: An Improved Procedure.
Authors: Carlson Emily , Duret Guillaume , Blanchard Nicolas , Tam William
Published: April 2016

7‐Oxabicyclic substrates with bulky C‐1 and C‐2 groups and 2,3‐diazabicyclic substrates with various N‐substituents effectively undergo cyclopropanation reactions with diazomethane using THF as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Cascade Reactions of Alkynols with Alkynes under Combined Sc(OTf)3 and Rhodium Catalysis.
Authors: Li Deng Yuan , Chen Hao Jie , Liu Pei Nian
Published: April 2016

The cascade reaction of alkynols (I) with internal alkynes (II) through a combination of Sc(III)‐ and Rh(II)‐catalysts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl(aryl)pyrrolidines from Proline via 2,3‐Diphenylhexahydropyrrolo[2,1‐b]oxazoles.
Authors: Moshkin Vladimir S. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: April 2016

The reaction of proline with benzaldehyde leads to oxapyrrolizidines (III)/(IV), which are convenient building blocks for the synthesis of 2‐substituted pyrrolidines via oxazolidine ring opening by treatment with Grignard reagents and subsequent removal of the N‐hydroxy(diphenyl)ethyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3,3‐Diaryloxindoles Catalyzed by L‐Prolinate Anion Immobilized onto Amberlite as a Novel Heterogeneous Organocatalyst.
Authors: Keshavarz Mosadegh , Iravani Nasir , Ahmady Amanollah Zarei , Vafaei‐Nezhad Masoumeh
Published: April 2016

Newly synthesized L‐prolinate anion immobilized onto amberlite IRA900OH is reported as a new, reusable and cheap organocatalyst for the condensation of indoles with isatins to afford the corresponding diaryloxindol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Polyfunctional 1,3‐Dioxolanes from γ‐Hydroxypropynals.
Authors: Bulanov Denis A. , Novokshonova Irina A. , Safronova Lubov P. , Ushakov Igor A. , Medvedeva Alevtina S.
Published: April 2016

The synthesis of a new family of polyfunctional 1,3‐dioxolanes (II)/(III) bearing a push‐pull moiety via dimerization of γ‐hydroxypropynals (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazoles Catalyzed by Ferric Ammonium Sulfate (NH4Fe(SO4)2) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Amini Manesh Abbas , Ahmadian Hossein , Veisi Hojat
Published: April 2016

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Imines
Authors: Yang Lei , Khan Ajmal , Zheng Renfeng , Jin Long Yi , Zhang Yong Jian
Published: April 2016

leading to chiral oxazolidines
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dienones and 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones from Soft α‐Vinyl Enolization of β‐Chlorovinyl Ketones: Defined Roles of Broensted and Lewis Base.
Authors: Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: April 2016

The use of the Broensted base, Et3N, along with a catalytic amount of Lewis base, PPh3, leads to the isomerization of chlorovinyl ketones affording 1,3‐dienones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyranopyrazoles Using Magnetically Recyclable Heterogeneous Iron Oxide‐Silica Core‐Shell Nanocatalyst.
Authors: Soleimani Ebrahim , Jafarzadeh Mohammad , Norouzi Parastoo , Dayou Jedol , Sipaut Coswald Stephen , Mansa Rachel Fran , Saei Parisa
Published: April 2016

The Fe3O4—SiO2 nanocatalyst is efficiently used for four‐component coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, ethyl acetoacetate and hydrazine hydrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Cyclization of Acetophenones with Diamines: A Facile Access to Phenylpyridines.
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Patel Neha , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Bharatam Prasad V. , Bharate Sandip B.
Published: April 2016

A new scalable metal‐free approach for oxidative cyclization of aryl ketones with 1,3‐diaminopropane for the synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐arylpyridines in good yields is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: [1,2] Stevens Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Pyrrolidinium Ylides—Simple Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2‐cyano‐1‐methylpiperidines.
Authors: Kowalkowska Anna , Jonczyk Andrzej
Published: April 2016

On treatment with a base, pyrrolidinium salts like (I) undergo ring expansion towards piperidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of Multiply Substituted Quinolines.
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Liu Wenmin , Wang Zhiqiang , Feng Yuquan , Yan Yanlei , Zhang Xu
Published: April 2016

The efficient and regioselective formation of a broad range of quinolines (IV), (VI) and (IX) from anilines, aldehydes and ketones or anilines and β‐diketones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Bifunctional Aldehyde Linchpin for Type II Anion Relay Chemistry: Development and Application to the Synthesis of a C16—C29 Fragment of Rhizopodin.
Authors: Melillo Bruno , Chen Ming Z. , Forestieri Roberto , Smith Amos B. III
Published: April 2016

The novel bifunctional aldehyde linchpin for type II anion relay chemistry (IV) is obtained involving an initial nucleophilic addition under Felkin‐Anh control affording the syn‐alkoxide, followed by 1,4‐Brook rearrangement leading to the formation of a dithiane‐stabilized carbanion and subsequent trapping with an electrophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Expedient Route for the Synthesis of 3‐Tetrahydropyrimidinyl‐Coumarins via MCR.
Authors: Jain Vicky , Bijani Sabera , Ambasana Pratik , Mehariya Krunal , Bhoya Umed , Pandey Bipin , Shah Anamik
Published: April 2016

A convenient and high‐yielding method for the synthesis of hitherto unknown 3‐tetrahydropyrimidinyl‐coumarins by mild metal‐ and catalyst‐free multicomponent cyclization is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Optimization, Scalability, and Mechanistic Insight on the Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,1‐Diborylalkanes via Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Sun Ho‐Yan , Kubota Koji , Hall Dennis G.
Published: April 2016

An enantioselective desymmetrization of 1,1‐diboryl alkanes is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Annulation with 1‐Alkynylphosphine Sulfides: A Mild and Regioselective Access for the Synthesis of Bulky Phosphine Ligands.
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Jie , Xu Hong , Song Haibin , Wang Baiquan
Published: April 2016

The title reaction of N‐pivaloyloxybenzamides (I) and (IV) with acetylenes (II) and (VI) in the presence of CsOAc as base furnishes exclusively or mainly the product regioisomers (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkyl Styryl Selenides in One‐Pot: A Straightforward Approach by in situ Dialkyl Diselenide Formation under Transition Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Heredia Adrian A. , Penenory Alicia B.
Published: April 2016

The facile one‐pot three‐step protocol involves the in situ formation of dialkyl diselenides and subsequent reaction with styryl halides under reductive conditions to give vinyl selenides with retention of the double bond configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Scopariusicides, Novel Unsymmetrical Cyclobutanes: Structural Elucidation and Concise Synthesis by a Combination of Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Pu Jian‐Xin , et al.
Published: April 2016

Scopariusicides A (I) and B (II), two novel immunosuppressive natural products, are isolated and their structures are elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Leonuketal, a Spiroketal Diterpenoid from Leonurus japonicus
Authors: Xiong Liang , Zhou Qin‐Mei , Zou Yike , Chen Ming‐Hua , Guo Li , Hu Guan‐Ying , Liu Zhao‐Hua , Peng Cheng
Published: April 2016

isolation, structure elucidation and vasorelaxant activity
ChemInform Abstract: New Securinega Alkaloids with anti‐HIV Activity from Flueggea virosa.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhang Chuan‐Rui , Han Ying‐Shan , Wainberg Mark A. , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: April 2016

Nine novel Securinega alkaloids are isolated including flueggenines as monomers (I) and dimers (II), and new trimers such as (III), named fluevirosines.
ChemInform Abstract: Flueggether A and Virosinine A, anti‐HIV Alkaloids from Flueggea virosa.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhu Kong‐Kai , Han Ying‐Shan , Luo Cheng , Wainberg Mark A. , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: April 2016

Flueggether A (I), the first example of Securinega alkaloid oligomers with an ether bridge, and virosinine A (II), possessing a novel heterocyclic backbone, exhibit weak in vitro anti‐HIV activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Skeleton Compound Allomyrinanoid A and Two Purine Alkaloids from the Adult of Allomyrina dichotoma L.
Authors: Niu Lanlan , Gao Jiayu , Li Haidi , Liu Junna , Yin Weiping
Published: April 2016

Three new compounds are isolated from the adult insect Allomyrina dichotoma L.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketide Butenolide, Diphenyl Ether, and Benzophenone Derivatives from the Fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03‐11.
Authors: Wang Hai‐Feng , et al.
Published: April 2016

Five new polyketides (Ia), (Ib), (II), (III), and (IV) are isolated from the wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03‐11 together with 11 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds.
Authors: Weiss Fabian , Kubel Frank , Galvez Oscar , Hoelzel Markus , Parker Stewart F. , Baloh Philipp , Iannarelli Riccardo , Rossi Michel J. , Grothe Hinrich
Published: April 2016

In the frame of determining the exact phase composition of stratospheric clouds and its formation mechanisms, evidence for the predicted metastable phase α‐HNO3·3H2O (alpha‐NAT) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcining Temperatures of Sr1‐3xEuxDy2xAl2O4 (x = 0—0.12) Phosphors Prepared Using the Potassium Carbonate Coprecipitation Method.
Authors: Liang Chen‐Jui , Siao Hao‐Yi
Published: April 2016

The title phosphors are prepared by the potassium carbonate coprecipitation method followed by calcination.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide as a Lead‐Free, Stable Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Solar Absorber.
Authors: Hoye Robert L. Z. , et al.
Published: April 2016

Phase‐pure (MeNH3)3Bi2I9 (MBI) thin films are deposited on borosilicate or quartz glass substrates via first spin coating a BiI3 solution in DMF and annealing (100 °C, 30 min) and secondly, spin coating a MeNH3I solution in anhydrous iPr‐OH on top followed by annealing (100 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Nanocrystal Model Catalysts
Authors: Huang Weixin
Published: April 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic‐Scale Observations of Catalyst Structures under Reaction Conditions and During Catalysis
Authors: Tao Franklin , Crozier Peter A.
Published: April 2016

Review: 317 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antibiotics from Predatory Bacteria
Authors: Korp Juliane , Vela Gurovic Maria S , Nett Markus
Published: April 2016

Review: [129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Creating Molecular Macrocycles for Anion Recognition
Authors: Flood Amar H.
Published: April 2016

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions in the Recent Decade: An Update to Strategic Development Towards the Arsenal of Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Maya Shankar , Chowdhury Sushobhan , Koley Suvajit
Published: April 2016

Review: [270 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the trans‐Reduction and trans‐Hydrometalation of Internal Alkynes. Applications to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Frihed Tobias Gylling , Fuerstner Alois
Published: April 2016

Review: [143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalysis in a Blue Light
Authors: Greaney Michael F.
Published: April 2016

Review: 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Synthesis of Fluorenone and Fluorene Containing Natural Products
Authors: Shi Yingbo , Gao Shuanhu
Published: April 2016

Review: [82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Trifluoromethylthiolation Using Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagents
Authors: Zheng Huidong , Huang Yangjie , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2016

Review: [63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavans: Synthetic Strategies: A Review
Authors: Mazimba Ofentse , Keroletswe Ngonye
Published: April 2016

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalently Linked Free‐Base and Metallo‐Bis‐Porphyrins: Chemistry and Diversity
Authors: Wani Mohmmad Younus , Balakrishna Avula , Kumar Santosh , Sobral Abilio J. F. N.
Published: April 2016

Review: 217 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Natural Multifunctionalized Decalins
Authors: Dhambri S. , Mohammad S. , Van Buu O. Nguyen , Galvani G. , Meyer Y. , Lannou M.‐I. , Sorin G. , Ardisson J.
Published: April 2016

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Using Niobium Compounds as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Arpini Bruno Henrique , Bartolomeu Aloisio de Andrade , Andrade Carlos Kleber Z. , da Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos , Lacerda Valdemar
Published: April 2016

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Fluorofunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: April 2016

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Heme Imine‐Based Iron Complexes as Catalysts for Oxidative Processes
Authors: Olivo Giorgio , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: April 2016

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The ortho‐Quinol Acetates (die ortho‐Chinolacetate): 20 Years of Dedicated Research in Vienna and What Happened Then?
Authors: Budzikiewicz Herbert
Published: April 2016

Review: 215 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Enolate Chemistry at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Ciez Dariusz , Palasz Aleksandra , Trzewik Bartosz
Published: April 2016

Review: [recent developments in the field of titanium(IV)‐mediated aldol, aldol‐like, Mannich, and Michael reactions, radical alkylation, oxidative couplings, and Morita—Baylis—Hillman reactions with special emphasis on the last fifteen years; 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mustard Carbonate Analogues
Authors: Arico Fabio , Tundo Pietro
Published: April 2016

Review: synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen (half‐)mustard carbonate analogs and their reactivity as novel, green electrophiles
ChemInform Abstract: Serendipitous Reactions Involving a Silicone Grease
Authors: Pop Lucian‐Cristian , Saito Masaichi
Published: April 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazolinediones as Highly Enabling Synthetic Tools
Authors: De Bruycker Kevin , Billiet Stijn , Houck Hannes A. , Chattopadhyay Subrata , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: April 2016

Review: 382 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Synthetic Scenario on Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Chemical Intermediate
Authors: Mohana Roopan Selvaraj , Patil Shashikant Malagoud , Palaniraja Jeyakannu
Published: April 2016

Review: [recent developments of synthesis and reactivity of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, manly contributions after 2007; 108 refs.].
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives via Pechmann Condensation
Authors: Zambare Abhay S. , Kalam Khan Firoz A. , Zambare Sureshchandra P. , Shinde Shantanu D. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N.
Published: April 2016

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regulation of Nonadiabatic Processes in the Photolysis of Some Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Lin King‐Chuen
Published: April 2016

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Additive Effects on Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Hong Liang , Sun Wangsheng , Yang Dongxu , Li Guofeng , Wang Rui
Published: April 2016

Review: 577 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Frontiers in Drug Delivery
Authors: Tibbitt Mark W. , Dahlman James E. , Langer Robert
Published: April 2016

Review: 265 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction Processes in Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll Molecules: Chemical Implication of Enzymatically Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrogenations in the Late Stages of Their Biosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Tamiaki Hitoshi , Teramura Misato , Tsukatani Yusuke
Published: April 2016

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Clusters Promoting cell Penetration and Nucleic Acid Complexation for Drug and Gene Delivery Applications: From Designed to Self‐Assembled and Responsive Systems
Authors: Bartolami Eline , Bouillon Camille , Dumy Pascal , Ulrich Sebastien
Published: April 2016

Review: [142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: YedY: A Mononuclear Molybdenum Enzyme with a Redox‐Active Ligand?
Authors: Lee Chi Chung , Sickerman Nathaniel S. , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W.
Published: April 2016

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Detection of Aβ Monomers and Oligomers: Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Zhou Yanli , Liu Lantao , Hao Yuanqiang , Xu Maotian
Published: April 2016

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3D‐Printed Microfluidics
Authors: Au Anthony K. , Huynh Wilson , Horowitz Lisa F. , Folch Albert
Published: April 2016

Review: [126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macroscopic Switches Constructed Through Host—Guest Chemistry
Authors: Sun Yue , Ma Junkai , Tian Demei , Li Haibing
Published: April 2016

Review: [69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Gelation by Low‐Molecular‐Weight Compounds and Development of Gelators
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Suzuki Masahiro
Published: April 2016

Review: 37 refs.
Benefits of microwave heating method in production of activated carbon
Authors: Namazi Azadeh B. , Allen D. Grant , Jia Charles Q.
Published: April 2016

This work investigates the chemical activation of a biochar sample using microwaves with KOH and NaOH. The activation of char samples was carried out in a microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz with a power input of 1200 W. The specific surface area (SSA), yield (%), and pore size distribution were studied for microwave activation with KOH and NaOH. In microwave‐assisted activation, the activation yields for NaOH and KOH activation were in the ranges of 40–70 % and 60–80 %, respectively. The NaOH‐activation takes 1.5 h in a furnace to fabricate an activated carbon with a SSA of 2600 m2 · g−1. However, in microwave activation, a 5 min activation with a power of 1200 W results in activated carbon with a SSA of 1900 m2 g−1. The activation yield and SSA are mainly controlled by impregnation ratio in microwave‐assisted activation because KOH and NaOH were the sources of heat for the activation reaction. In this work, the microwave activation increased the reaction rate by 15 times compared to the furnace activation. Microwaves have a “non‐thermal effect” on the kinetic parameters of chemical activation reactions. This effect was more evident in the case of NaOH microwave activation, probably because it is a more reactive compound compared to KOH.
The Role of Coping Change in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Process‐Outcome Analysis on Dialectical‐Behaviour Skills Training
Authors: Kramer Ueli
Published: April 2016

Difficulty in emotion regulation is a hallmark feature of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Skills training concepts based on dialectical‐behaviour therapy (DBT) are common and effective treatment options for specifically addressing lacking skills in emotion regulation. However, so far it is unclear which aspects of coping change over the course of DBT skills training and if these coping strategies predict symptom change. The present process‐outcome analysis, based on a randomized controlled study, aims at investigating these questions, by referring to a general conception of coping and by using an observer‐rated approach to assess coping strategies directly in the therapy sessions. In total, n = 31 patients with BPD underwent two individual clinical interview assessments (pre‐ and post‐study intervention; half of the patients underwent DBT skills training, half were in a wait‐list control). All individual assessment sessions were transcribed and analysed using the Coping Action Pattern Rating Scale. Outcome was assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention using the Outcome Questionnaire‐45.2 and the Borderline Symptom List 23. The results showed increase in overall coping functioning in patients who underwent the DBT skills training, compared with the controls, and specific increases in relatedness coping where the stress is appraised as challenge, along with specific decreases in autonomy coping where the stress is appraised as threat. These changes predicted changes in general distress and borderline symptomatology. The results are interpreted within a general framework aiming at understanding the psychological effects of treatments for BPD, in particular effects related to coping. Effective emotion regulation strategies may therefore be important candidates as potential change mechanisms in treatments for BPD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

It seems important for clinicians to assess the quality of coping strategies as they occur within the session facing a patient with borderline personality disorder.

Clinicians may foster the emergence of support‐seeking and self‐reliance coping strategies in order to increase the effectiveness of therapy.

Clinicians may monitor closely the patient's use of ineffective emotion regulation strategies, in particular opposition and submission, with the aim of reducing them early in therapy.
Protein Interaction Profile Sequencing (PIP‐seq) in Plants
Authors: Anderson Stephen J. , Willmann Matthew R. , Gregory Brian D.
Published: April 2016

RNA secondary structure and RNA‐protein interactions are necessary for maintaining biological functionality and regulatory mechanisms within eukaryotic transcriptomes. Determining the structural characteristics and protein‐bound sites of RNA molecules has therefore become a major research objective and requires the development of global methods for probing intra‐ and intermolecular RNA interaction sites. Sequencing RNAs treated with single‐strand‐ and double‐strand‐specific ribonucleases in the absence of proteins allows the inference of RNA secondary structure. These samples can be compared to samples treated with nucleases in the presence of interacting proteins to identify protein‐bound sequences. Thus, these four libraries reveal a comprehensive, transcriptome‐wide view of RNA secondary structure and RNA protein interaction sites in a single experiment for any plant species of interest. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Two New Armtype Polyoxometalates Grafted on Titanium Dioxide Films: Towards Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Sun Hang , Guo Li‐Ying , Li Jian‐Sheng , Bai Jian‐Ping , Su Fang , Zhang Lan‐Cui , Sang Xiao‐Jing , You Wan‐Sheng , Zhu Zai‐Ming
Published: April 2016

Two new carboxyethyltin‐functionalized polyoxometalates (POMs) were successfully obtained and confirmed with physicochemical and spectroscopic methods including X‐ray crystallography. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of both compounds are higher in energy than that of TiO2, and the optical band gaps of these compounds are smaller than that of TiO2. Grafting them onto a TiO2 film created two kinds of novel photoanode materials that showed significantly enhanced photovoltaic and photocurrent responses, as well as improved photoelectrooxidation activities for methanol relative to that shown by a single TiO2 film. Further, P2W15‐Co‐SnR produced the largest photocurrent by exploring the photoelectric activities of a series of carboxyethyltin POM derivatives. This work provides new insight into the photoelectrochemical functionalization of POM‐based organic–inorganic hybrids.
Seasonal phenotype‐specific transcriptional reprogramming during metamorphosis in the European map butterfly Araschnia levana
Authors: Vilcinskas Andreas , Vogel Heiko
Published: April 2016

The European map butterfly (Araschnia levana) is a classic example of seasonal polyphenism because the spring and summer imagoes display two distinct morphological phenotypes. The light regime and temperature during larval and prepupal development determine whether or not the pupae commit to diapause and overwintering and thus whether spring or summer imagoes emerge. We used suppression subtractive hybridization to experimentally screen for genes that are differentially expressed in prepupae committed either to accelerated metamorphosis and egg production or diapause and overwintering. The range and ontology of the differentially expressed genes in prepupae developing from larvae exposed either to long‐day (LD) or short‐day (SD) conditions revealed fundamental differences. The SD prepupae preferentially expressed genes related to cuticle formation and immunity, reflecting the formation of a robust pupal exoskeleton and the upregulation of antimicrobial peptides as preparations for overwintering. One protein preferentially expressed in SD prepupae has a counterpart in Bombyx mori that functions as a diapause duration clock. The differentially expressed genes in LD prepupae included several members of the dusky and osiris families. We also observed the strong induction of different yellow‐like genes under SD and LD conditions which suggest a role in the developmental choice between seasonal phenotypes. Our transcriptomic data will facilitate the more detailed analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying seasonal polyphenism.
Is my study system good enough? A case study for identifying maternal effects
Authors: Holand Anna Marie , Steinsland Ingelin
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate how simulation studies can be used to answer questions about identifiability and consequences of omitting effects from a model. The methodology is presented through a case study where identifiability of genetic and/or individual (environmental) maternal effects is explored. Our study system is a wild house sparrow (Passer domesticus) population with known pedigree. We fit pedigree‐based (generalized) linear mixed models (animal models), with and without additive genetic and individual maternal effects, and use deviance information criterion (DIC) for choosing between these models. Pedigree and R‐code for simulations are available. For this study system, the simulation studies show that only large maternal effects can be identified. The genetic maternal effect (and similar for individual maternal effect) has to be at least half of the total genetic variance to be identified. The consequences of omitting a maternal effect when it is present are explored. Our results indicate that the total (genetic and individual) variance are accounted for. When an individual (environmental) maternal effect is omitted from the model, this only influences the estimated (direct) individual (environmental) variance. When a genetic maternal effect is omitted from the model, both (direct) genetic and (direct) individual variance estimates are overestimated.
Detritivore diversity promotes a relative contribution rate of detritus to the diet of predators in ponds
Authors: Fukumori Kayoko , Yoshizaki Erina , Takamura Noriko , Kadoya Taku
Published: April 2016

Theory suggests that bottom‐up effects of resource diversity to upper trophic levels increases ecosystem functioning. In particular, energy flux from the detritus to other organisms in an ecosystem affects food web dynamics. To our knowledge, no empirical studies have examined how detritivore diversity alters the energy flux to upper trophic levels in a food web. Here we test the hypothesis that the greater diversity of litter‐consuming detritivores promotes energy flow between the resource and top predators in agricultural ponds using stable isotope analysis. We found that the diversity and abundance of detritivores had a significant positive effect on the relative contribution rate of detritus to the diet of predators, even after confounding effects were controlled for. In addition, the number of functional feeding groups of detritivores was significantly correlated with the contribution of detritus to the diet of predators, and particularly, high functional diversity of detritivores increased the energy flow from the detritus to the detritivores compared to the flow from the detritivores to the predators. It is likely that high functional diversity within species induces complementarity effects on decomposition and this may be a potential mechanism leading to diversity effects on the energy flow in detritus‐based food web. Our study is the first to demonstrate bottom‐up effects of detritivore diversity on energy flow in food webs.
Airborne laser altimetry and multispectral imagery for modeling Golden‐cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) density
Authors: Sesnie Steven E. , Mueller James M. , Lehnen Sarah E. , Rowin Scott M. , Reidy Jennifer L. , Thompson Frank R.
Published: April 2016

Robust models of wildlife population size, spatial distribution, and habitat relationships are needed to more effectively monitor endangered species and prioritize habitat conservation efforts. Remotely sensed data such as airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and digital color infrared (CIR) aerial photography combined with well‐designed field studies can help fill these information voids. We used point count‐based distance sampling survey data and LiDAR‐fusedCIRaerial photography to model density of the Golden‐cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), an endangered songbird, on the 10 000‐ha Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR). We developed a novel set of candidate models to explain Golden‐cheeked Warbler detection probability and density using habitat covariates characterizing vegetation structure, composition, and complexity as well as habitat fragmentation, topography, and human infrastructure. We had the most model support for covariates calculated using focal means representing a 3.2 ha territory size (100 m radius) vs. 1.8 and 7.0 ha territory sizes. Detection probability decreased with canopy cover and increased with topographic roughness. Golden‐cheeked Warbler density increased with canopy cover, was highest at a 7:3 ratio of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) to broadleaf tree canopy cover, and decreased with global solar radiation. Predicted warbler densities using 3 min point counts were similar to six estimates from independently collected warbler territory mapping onBCNWRwith a mean difference of 6% and a Root Mean Squared Error of 1.88 males/40 ha. The total population size forBCNWRwas estimated at 884 Golden‐cheeked Warbler males (95%CI662, 1206) and predicted densities across the refuge ranged from 0.0 to 0.50 male warblers per ha. On the basis of observed habitat relationships, we defined high quality habitat as having at least 60% canopy cover with Ashe juniper comprising 50–90% of the canopy. We estimated 48% of the area atBCNWRmanaged for Golden‐cheeked Warblers was in high quality habitat conditions and identified patches within the lower habitat quality areas (14% of warbler management areas) that had the greatest potential to become high quality habitat with management. Our approach combined robust wildlife surveys with highly scalable remotely sensed data to examine habitat relationships, estimate population size, and identify existing areas of high quality habitat. This method can be applied to other species of conservation interest and can be used with multiple years of remotely sensed data to assess changes in habitat at local to regional scales.
Anthropogenic noise weakens territorial response to intruder's songs
Authors: Kleist Nathan J. , Guralnick Robert P. , Cruz Alexander , Francis Clinton D.
Published: April 2016

Noise pollution degrades natural acoustic conditions, potentially interfering with bird communication. However, exactly how noise impacts the ability of the signal receiver to detect and discriminate vocalizations from conspecifics remains understudied in field settings. We performed a natural experiment to determine the effect of noise pollution on the territory‐defense behaviors of two emberizid sparrows exposed to carefully constructed playbacks of conspecific intruder songs. Although all birds reacted to the playbacks, response latency increased with noise levels. This suggests that noise interferes with signal reception and may indicate impaired signal discrimination. We place these results in the context of a receiver's “listening area” and the significant impact of noise pollution on this receiver‐centric perceptual acoustic range. This work informs conservation efforts and provides a much needed field‐based examination of the disruptive impact of noise pollution on behaviors directly related to reproduction and fitness.