bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Zone of Influence: Matching sea level variability from coastal
altimetry and tide gauges for vertical land motion estimation
Authors: Oelsmann Julius , Passaro Marcello , Dettmering Denise , Schwatke Christian , Sanchez Laura , Seitz Florian
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Vertical land motion (VLM) at the coast is a substantial contributor to relative sea level change. In this work, we present a refined method for its determination, which is based on the combination of absolute satellite alimetry (SAT) sea level measurements and relative sea level changes recorded by tide gauges (TG). These measurements complement VLM estimates based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) by increasing their spatial coverage. Trend estimates from SAT and TG combination are particularly sensitive to the quality and resolution of applied altimetry data as well as to the coupling procedure of altimetry and tide gauges. Hence, a multi-mission, dedicated coastal along-track altimetry dataset is coupled with highfrequent tide gauge measurements at 58 stations. To improve the coupling-procedure, a so-called `Zone of Influence’ is defined to identify coherent zones of sea level variability on the basis of relative levels of comparability between tide gauge and altimetry observations. Selecting 20 % of the most representative absolute sea level observations in a 300 km radius around the tide gauges results in the best VLM-estimates in terms of accuracies and uncertainties. At this threshold, VLM_SAT-TG estimates have median formal uncertainties of 0.59 mm/year. Validation against GNSS VLM estimates yields a root-mean-square (RMS_VLM) of VLM_SAT-TG and VLM_GNSS differences of 1.28 mm/year, demonstrating the level of accuracy of our approach. Compared to a reference 250 km radius selection of sea level anomalies, the 300 km Zone of Influence improves trend accuracies by 12 % and uncertainties by 28 %. With progressing record lengths, the spatial scales of coastal sea level trend coherency increase. Therefore the relevance of the ZOI for improving VLM_SAT-TG accuracies decreases. Further individual Zone of Influence adaptations offer the prospect of bringing the accuracy of the estimates below 1 mm/year.
Microbial diversity of drilling fluids from 3000 m deep Koyna pilot borehole provides insights into the deep biosphere of continental earth crust
Authors: Bose Himadri , Dutta Avishek , Roy Ajoy , Gupta Abhishek , Mukhopadhyay Sourav , Mohapatra Balaram , Sarkar Jayeeta , Roy Sukanta , Kazy Sufia K. , Sar Pinaki
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Scientific deep drilling of the Koyna pilot borehole into the continental
crust up to a depth of 3000 m below the surface at the Deccan Traps, India, provided a
unique opportunity to explore microbial life within the deep granitic bedrock of the Archaean Eon. Microbial communities of the returned drilling fluid
(fluid returned to the mud tank from the underground during the drilling
operation; designated here as DF) sampled during the drilling operation of the
Koyna pilot borehole at a depth range of 1681–2908 metres below the surface
(m b.s.) were explored to gain a glimpse of the deep biosphere underneath the
continental crust. Change of pH to alkalinity, reduced abundance of Si and
Al, but enrichment of Fe, Ca and SO42- in the samples from
deeper horizons suggested a gradual infusion of elements or ions from the
crystalline bedrock, leading to an observed geochemical shift in the DF.
Microbial communities of the DFs from deeper horizons showed progressively
increased abundance of Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria as bacterial taxa and members of Euryarchaeota as the major
archaeal taxa. Microbial families, well known to strive in strictly
anaerobic and extremophilic environments, (e.g. Thermoanaerobacteraceae, Clostridiaceae, Bacillaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae), increased in the
samples obtained at a depth range of 2000 to 2908 m b.s. Phylogenetic analysis
of common and unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of DF samples
indicated signatures of extremophilic and deep subsurface relevant bacterial
genera (Mongoliitalea, Hydrogenophaga, Marinilactibacillus, Anoxybacillus, Symbiobacterium, Geosporobacter, Thermoanaerobacter). Thermophilic, obligatory anaerobic sulfate-reducing
bacterial taxa known to inhabit the deep subsurface were enriched
from DF samples using sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. This report on
the geomicrobiology of the DF obtained during drilling of the deep
subsurface of the Deccan Traps showed new opportunities to investigate deep
life from terrestrial, granite-rock-hosted habitats.
Transparencia de las entidades no lucrativas: criterios, metodología de evaluación y resultados
Authors: Molina Rodríguez-Navas Pedro , Rodríguez Breijo Vanessa
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo, establecemos un marco conceptual desde el que abordar la transparencia en las entidades no lucrativas y exponemos la metodología específica que hemos diseñado para evaluarla. Para ello, se ha contado con la participación de entidades y con sucesivas pruebas de validación. Asimismo, se ha desarrollado una plataforma web que ya están utilizando más de 200 organizaciones. Esta herramienta permite que entidades de diferente tipología jurídica cuenten con indicadores y criterios ajustados a sus características. Finalmente, hemos analizado las webs de las entidades que reciben más de 200.000€ de ayudas públicas anuales y que, por tanto, están obligadas a cumplir con la Ley de Transparencia de Cataluña. Los resultados demuestran un índice de incumplimiento muy elevado. A la vista de estos resultados, consideramos imprescindible sensibilizar y formar a las entidades, ya que la Ley por sí sola no ha resuelto el problema.
Las potencias emergentes en los espacios multilaterales de negociación de hegemonía noratlántica: la cuestión energética y las patentes farmacéuticas
Authors: Giaccaglia Clarisa , Dussort María Noel
Published: May 2020

La agenda internacional se ha convertido en un espacio clave para el desarrollo de la política mundial, constituyendo un ámbito dinámico por el cual una creciente cantidad de temáticas han adquirido carácter de “interés global”. La falta de una jerarquía clara entre las múltiples cuestiones ha implicado que el diseño de la agenda internacional dependa de los actores involucrados en el proceso. En este marco, el presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar el rol de las potencias emergentes en los espacios multilaterales de negociación internacional tomando en consideración dos temas de la agenda global: energía y patentesfarmacéuticas, con el fin de reconocer si se han convertido en reforzadoras o en cuestionadoras de los espacios multilaterales de negociación de hegemonía noratlántica.
O Mar do Sul da China: seu valor estratégico e a geoestratégia chinesa
Authors: Padula Raphael , Fernandes Felipe Gusmão Carioni
Published: May 2020

O objeto deste artigo é o Mar do Sul da China, tendo como argumento central que este se constitui em um espaço estratégico para a consecução dos interesses da China em termos políticos, econômicos e militares. O artigo averigua que esse espaço é estratégico para a China por conta de seus recursos naturais e de sua posição estratégica para a segurança e a projeção econômica e militar chinesa. Ainda, o texto aborda como se dá a expansão chinesa, sua geoestratégia para esse espaço. O artigo se apoia em uma revisão bibliográfica dos teóricos da geopolítica clássica e da conjuntura geopolítica atual, além de autores especialistas sobre o tema – como Robert Kaplan, Ian Storey, Clive Schofield e Yoji Koda – e da análise de documentos como a Convenção sobre o Direito do Mar, a Lei de Águas Territoriais, o Código de Conduta no Mar do Sul da China.
The Impacts of the Personality Attribute of Time and Money on Customer Engagement Behavior: A Self-concept Perspective
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Yu Hongyan
Published: May 2020

Although recent studies have explored the antecedents of customer engagement behavior (CEB), few empirical studies have explored the mechanisms that connect these antecedents to CEB. From self-concept perspective, this research uses experimental and survey methods to explore the influence of the type of customer-invested resource (time vs. money) and customers’ regulatory focus (promotion-focused vs. prevention-focused) on CEB and the mechanisms that underlie these processes. The results of three studies show that promotion-focused customers initiate more recommendations and complaints when time (vs. money) spent in the shopping experience is emphasized, whereas this effect does not exist for prevention-focused customers. A self-concept connection mediates the moderating role of regulatory focus in the relationship between types of resources and recommendations, whereas this mediating role of self-concept connection does not exist with complaining behaviors. In summary, the influence of customer-invested resources on CEB varies according to a customer’s regulatory focus.
Relationship Between Behavioural Disorders and Social Cognition among Orphans in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Huda Othman
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between behavioural disorders and social cognition among orphans in Saudi Arabia by adopting a phenomenological qualitative approach. To achieve this aim, 50 subjects were selected to participate in this study through a purposive sampling. The participants were subjected to a semi-structured interview session which lasted from 45 minutes to an hour. After data has been gathered, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse data into themes which were categorized into three: Symptoms of Behavioural Disorders, Social Cognitions, and Factors. The results of the study showed that emotional and behavioural disorders that orphans face in Saudi Arabia were manifested by symptoms of disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Social Phobia. Factors that tend to have a significant effect on behavioural problems among orphans consisted of traumatic events, events prior to admittance in the orphanage such as physical abuse, and the overall physical environment of the orphanage, which can be at risk of being conducive for bullying and fighting among orphans. Furthermore, there might be a relationship between behavioural disorders and social cognition among orphans in Saudi Arabia.
Cognitive Analysis of the “Discourse Stances” in English News Reports on Smog in China and America
Authors: Yang Wenhui , Cheng Linyan , Zhen Kaiyue
Published: May 2020

This analysis contrasts on Chinese smog news (CSN) with American smog news (ASN), probing into the complicated discourse stances and their represented cognitive mechanism. Having been assisted by “glossary extraction”, the authors uncover the correlation between varied stance glossaries and the hidden cognitive mechanisms. The research provides hints on social cognition in news encryption and decryption, based on the database of thirty pieces of news reports from Chinese news agencies and thirty from American sources respectively. The analytical results reveal that Chinese news frequently quotes the comments of officials and is largely dominated by official and political stances of government, whilst American news frequently features occupational and public stances with pervasive individual and personal tones, attitudes, and dictations. This cognitive research on English weather news reports casts light on the discrepancies and commonalities in the adoption of stance glossaries in media discourse, drawing respective cognition construction of media writers from different cultures, which further illustrates how public cognition being framed on social issues in discourses.
Activities of Police Schools in the Field
of Public Security
Authors: Kochańczyk Rafał
Published: May 2020

In the modern world, the term ‘security’ is so widely used that adjectives must be used to describe the type of scientific
considerations, e.g. ‘public security’. Safety is an indispensable element affecting the functioning of every human being. The number
of threats in the modern world is so large that it is necessary to introduce new educational solutions for a wide range of entities in order
to effectively oppose any behaviour that causes discomfort to citizens. The activity of police education for most readers is associated
with the preparation of an officer for service on our streets. Nevertheless, the scope of activity of this type of facilities is much wider. The
following article attempts to present several levels of activity that indirectly translate into public security. The training offer of police
schools is addressed not only to police officers, but also to external entities that carry out tasks related to ensuring security and public order.
Simulator of Police Actions in Crisis
Situations as an Application of an Intelligent
Decision Support System in the Process
of Improving Polish Police Actions
Authors: Kamiński Jarosław , Jurczak Justyna , Jakubczyk Rafał
Published: May 2020

The introduction of a simulator of Police actions in crisis situations to police training of command skills made it necessary
to know the ongoing relationship between training on the simulator and the actual actions of the Police. Visualisation of the effects
of decisions taken by commanders in a virtual simulation environment, ending in most cases in the escalation of the threat, trigger
off analytic mechanisms and awareness of responsibility for the life and health of people and the officers carrying out commands
issued by commanders and other persons taking part in the simulation. Simulation training provides the opportunity to observe
the ongoing relationship between cells of the command structure adopted by commanders, depicting among others, the sources
of errors and threats of destabilisation of commanding process. There are various scenarios that are possible to play including
elements such as: police riot, crowd aggression level, and weather conditions. Based on the feedback from simulation training
participants, who are mostly those responsible for commanding processes while performing daily duties, it is reasonable to say
that the training conducted on the Police simulator in crisis situations allows the commanding skills and abilities to be significantly
shaped. What is more, as the simulator is a universal tool, it enables cooperation training to be conducted with non-police entities,
the fire brigade, medical emergency, city guard, and crisis management teams.
Contemporary Urban China
Authors: Yang Katja M.
Published: May 2020

This book provides detailed insight into the psychology of modern Chinese society and its implications for social actors’ socio-political agency and efficacy. Perceptions of social mobility and cohesion are at the heart of a sociological typology that is a direct reflection of China’s unique path towards modernisation. The book makes a contribution to the debate about convergence versus divergence of cultures and, ultimately, political systems. Using the example of China, it supports the argument of cultural divergence as proposed by Shmuel Eisenstadt’s notion of ‘multiple modernities’. It mainly builds on a qualitative interview study conducted in Peking, Xi’an and Wenzhou, whose key findings are discussed in the light of findings from national surveys. The book is aimed at political and social scientists who are interested in modernisation theory and at sinologists who are interested in contemporary Chinese society.
Die Rechtsstellung religiöser Minderheiten im Iran
Authors: Hosseini Sevil
Published: May 2020

This study shows that the personal statutes (šakhsīye-e ahvāl) of the officially recognised religious minorities (Zoroastrians, Jews and Christians), which are constitutionally guaranteed in Iran, grant them rights with regard to their personal affairs. Nevertheless, measures have been taken which, above all, affect the rights of religious minorities under international law according to Art. 27 of the IPCPR. This work is the first to deal with a legal comparison of these statutes. In addition, the author discusses the protection of religious minorities in international law, the legal status of religious minorities in Islamic law and, in detail, the legal status of religious minorities in Iran (including Sunnis, Sufi orders, Ahl-e Haq orders, Alevis, Zaidites, Ismailites, Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians, Baha'i, Mandaeans and Yezidis). The author offers solutions to the problems of religious minorities and contributes to the future harmonisation of Iranian law and international law.
Cuando los escombros generan valor: del control de las alteraciones a la valorización del legado minero
Authors: Tsiouti Andri
Published: May 2020

La crisis general de la minería en los años 60 y 70 deja una inmensa cantidad de vestigios dispersos por toda España. Las extracciones alteran gravemente el medio natural, lo que se intenta paliar con disposiciones legales que se van actualizando desde los 80. Se realizan proyectos de restauración en varias explotaciones, que al principio se limitan a in tervenciones sencillas de corrección paisajística. Al crecer la sensibilidad ambiental, aparecen proyectos más ambiciosos. Al mismo tiempo, las minas se empiezan a apreciar como lugares de memoria e identidad local. Sin embargo, la preocupación por eliminar la contaminación da lugar, a menudo, a la destrucción de este patrimonio. Este artículo examina primero la evolución de la legislación minera en relación con los proyectos de restauración. Y a continuación plantea algunas reflexiones sobre el difícil equilibrio entre la remediación ambiental y la valorización patrimonial en la experiencia española.

The general crisis of mining sector in the 60s and 70s leaves a huge amount of traces dispersed throughoutSpain. Besides that, extractive operations provoke serious alterations on the natural environment that start to be controlled by legal regulations which are being renovated since the 80s. In this context, restoration worksget place in various mining sites which in the beginning are limited to simple landscape interventions. Since environmental awareness increases, some more ambitious projects start to appear. At the same time, mines start to be valued as places of memory and local identity. However, the necessity to eliminate contamination results, in many cases, to the destruction of mining heritage. The article examines the evolution of mining legislation in relation to restoration projects. And secondly, some reflections are offered on the difficult balance between environmental remediation and heritage valorization through examples from Spain.
El arte urbano como dinamizador de comunidad: el caso de Medellin-Colombia
Authors: Gaviria Puerta Nino Andrey
Published: May 2020

El grafiti, arte urbano, arte callejero y demás, son conceptos que enuncian un fenómeno cada vez más creciente en la actualidad, el cual se refiere a las intervenciones gráficas que operan sobre las superficies que limitan o contienen el espacio público de la ciudad; a su vez, dicho fenómeno ha experimentado también variaciones en las apreciaciones que sobre él se tienen, valoraciones que van desde lo clandestino, reaccionario hasta aquellas que lo ven como un elemento enriquecedor de la ciudad. Dicho fenómeno es visto como parte de una dinámica social que inmiscuye grafiteros, artistas, autoridades municipales y comunidades locales, incitando la pregunta por los procesos comunitarios que este tipo de actuación desencadena. A su vez, también se trata de registrar los resultados en el paisaje urbano y, si bien este fenómeno puede leerse en variados contextos, se tomará la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) estudio de caso.

Graffiti, urban art, street art,and related terms, are concepts that enunciate a growing phenomenon, they refer to the graphic interventions that act on the surfaces that limit or contain the public space of the city; However, this phenomenon has experienced variations on its perception, these assessments range from the clandestine/reactionary to those that see it as an enriching element to the city. This phenomenon is seen as part of a social dynamic that interferes with graffiti artists, artists, municipal authorities and local communities, prompting the question about the community processes that this type of action triggers. At the same time, it is also a matter of registering the results in the urban landscape and, although this phenomenon can be read in various contexts, the city of Medellín (Colombia) will be taken as a case study.
Territorio, viviendas y áreas de incendios forestales de interfaz: localidades periurbanas en torno al Gran Santiago, Chile
Authors: Garay Moena Rosemarie , Castillo Miguel , Tapia Ricardo , Vergara Javiera
Published: May 2020

Dada la creciente ocurrencia e intensidad de los eventos, ya sean causados o no por el cambio climático, es esencial repensar los instrumentos de planificación y gestión del territorio, que en Chile, en el plano comunal,son los Planes Reguladores Comunales (PRC) definidos por la Ley General de Urbanismo y Construcciones y la Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcción (OGUC). Se analizan viviendas instaladas en áreas rurales y periurbanas, sin características técnicas de seguridad contra incendios de fuente interna o externa (interfaz forestal). Esta ausencia de características de seguridad puede deberse a que son desconocidas, no cumplen con las regulaciones, están obsoletas o no hay requisitos para actualizarlas, ya que con frecuencia no están registradas o aprobadas en los municipios. Se revisan las regulaciones chilenas, estadounidenses, europeas y australianas con respecto al desempeño de los edificios y su entorno inmediato, vecindario, ciudad y comuna, entregando estándares de calidad y recomendaciones, incluyendo la gestión de riesgos de desastres.

Given the increasing occurrence and intensity of events, whether or not caused by climate change, it’s essential to rethink the territory management and planning instruments, which in Chile are the Communal Regulatory Plans (PRC), General Urban Planning and Construction Law, and General Ordinance of Urbanism and Construction (OGUC). This research analyzes wood houses installed in rural and peri-urban areas, without technical safety features against an internal or external source fire (forest interface). This absence of safety features might be because they are unknown or they don't comply with the regulations, or they are obsolete and there is no requirement to update them since they are frequently not registered or received at the Municipal Works Directorates (DOM). The Chilean, American, European and Australian regulation regarding the buildings performance assurance and their immediate surroundings, neighborhood, town, and commune are reviewed, delivering quality standards and recommendations, including Disaster Risk Management.
Responses to Divine Communication
Authors: Gabor Octavian ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

Sophocles’s Oedipus Tyrannus shows that humans' problems do not appear when they listen to the gods, but when they listen to themselves imagining that they follow the gods. Instead of placing themselves in the service of the god, as Socrates does in Plato’s Apology, they only think that they follow the divinity, while they actually act according to their own understanding. If Sophocles’s play is a synopsis of this danger, Plato’s dialogue proposes a different attitude before divinity: instead of interpreting the gods and acting on this interpretation, you would need to enter into their service by studying the meaning of their communication.
A omissão do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul na cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos
Authors: Rodrigues Gimenez Juliano , Cichelero César Augusto , Da Silva Danieli Gabriel
Published: May 2020

A cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos é de um dos instrumentos de gestão das bacias hidrográficas prevista pelas políticas de recursos hídricos. Primordialmente tem a função de obtenção de valores para o para o financiamento dos programas e intervenções contemplados nos planos de bacia que, por sua vez, devem estar vinculados à recuperação e proteção desse importante bem, a água. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar o caso da omissão do estado do Rio Grande do Sul ao não instituir uma cobrança constitucionalmente permitida, considerando que esse fato se vincula a uma maior fragilidade tanto dos ecossistemas hídricos, quanto do ambiente e da população, na medida em que existe uma relação de dependência da sobrevivência e da qualidade de vida do ser humano com os recursos hídricos. O método utilizado é analítico, buscando apresentar os valores que o Estado deixa de perceber ao não instituir a cobrança. Como resultado, verifica-se que a inércia estatal ofende ao princípio da eficiência, devendo a cobrança ser implementada de forma a suprir as necessidades financeiras para o abastecimento da população e, consequentemente, cessar a destinação de receitas de tributos a setores que poderiam ser financiados por receitas diretamente provindas dos usuários do recurso.
Taxa de resíduos sólidos como instrumento para promoção do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente equilibrado
Authors: Ribas Lídia Maria , Pinheiro Hendrick
Published: May 2020

Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, combinada com análise quantitativa que se propõe investigar a taxa de resíduos sólidos como instrumento para a promoção do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente equilibrado. Toma-se como hipótese primária que este instrumento é pouco utilizado para o financiamento das despesas com a gestão de resíduos sólidos. Como hipótese secundária, aponta-se que as decisões do STF que decidiram pela legalidade da cobrança teriam contribuído para um aumento na utilização deste instituto. Para testar a hipótese, em um primeiro momento, busca-se apresentar o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado como direito fundamental. A seguir, destaca-se o papel do Estado na realização deste direito e da importância da consideração da sustentabilidade fiscal na condução de políticas destinadas à promoção da proteção ambiental. A controvérsia jurídica acerca da taxa de coleta e manejo de resíduos sólidos é apresentada em tópico específico, que abre caminho para um diagnóstico quantitativo sobre sua a instituição no país e sobre o nível de despesas associadas à gestão dos resíduos sólidos. Ao final, confirma-se em parte a hipótese primária inicial de sub-aproveitamento deste instituto em relação às regiões norte, nordeste e centro oeste. Nas regiões sul e sudeste, identificou-se um relevante número de Municípios que já instituiu a cobrança pelo serviço de gestão de resíduos sólidos. No que tange à hipótese secundária, impõe-se considerar que as decisões do STF sobre a legalidade da cobrança da taxa de coleta de lixo não influíram no aumento da utilização desta fonte de receita pelos Municípios brasileiros.
Regulação da água no Brasil: estratégias atuais, desafios e uma nova possibilidade regulatória
Authors: Maristrello Porto Antonio José , Borges Medeiros Pavão Bianca , Nogueira Rafaela
Published: May 2020

Os pressupostos e os instrumentos previstos no modelo brasileiro de gestão da água, são orientados pela racionalidade econômica, que tem como vantagem a utilização de critérios objetivos que permitem o uso do recurso de forma mais eficiente. No entanto, esta lógica pode ser questionada quanto à sua capacidade de resultar em práticas que possibilitem a universalização do acesso ao recurso, em face da sua condição elementar. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar os mecanismos e os instrumentos de regulação da água no Brasil e discutir uma nova estratégia regulatória. Como resultado concluímos que embora a regulação da água seja orientada pelos pressupostos da racionalidade econômica, na prática, ela tem resultado em fragilidades quanto a uma divisão equânime da água. A alocação negociada da água emerge enquanto uma alternativa que pode possibilitar novas práticas regulatórias.
Bem-viver e comum: alternativas do constitucionalismo econômico e ecológico latino-americano ao modelo capitalista de produtivismo extrativista
Authors: Da Silva Lemos Walter Gustavo , Bello Enzo
Published: May 2020

Este texto objetiva analisar os conceitos de Bem Viver e Comum, a partir do Constitucionalismo Econômico e Ecológico Latino-Americano, como possíveis elementos críticos e transformadores em relação ao modelo do produtivismo extrativista historicamente adotado nos países de economia dependente da América Latina. A metodologia envolve pesquisa qualitativa e interdisciplinar, raciocínio dedutivo e indutivo, e orientação teórico-metodológica na teoria crítica marxista e descolonial. As técnicas de pesquisa são as de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental.
Editorial
Authors: Folloni André , Hachem Daniel Wunder
Published: May 2020

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Acceso a la cultura digital
Authors: Delgado Antonio
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se plantean los aspectos sociales que las empresas no suelen tener en cuenta al ofrecer los productores culturales digitales, y la necesidad de atender las necesidades y opiniones de los consumidores para responder a esta demanda.
Remyelination alters the pattern of myelin in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Orthmann-Murphy Jennifer , Call Cody L , Molina-Castro Gian C , Hsieh Yu Chen , Rasband Matthew N , Calabresi Peter A , Bergles Dwight E
Published: May 2020

Destruction of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in cortical gray matter profoundly alters neural activity and is associated with cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin can be restored by regenerating oligodendrocytes from resident progenitors; however, it is not known whether regeneration restores the complex myelination patterns in cortical circuits. Here, we performed time lapse in vivo two photon imaging in somatosensory cortex of adult mice to define the kinetics and specificity of myelin regeneration after acute oligodendrocyte ablation. These longitudinal studies revealed that the pattern of myelination in cortex changed dramatically after regeneration, as new oligodendrocytes were formed in different locations and new sheaths were often established along axon segments previously lacking myelin. Despite the dramatic increase in axonal territory available, oligodendrogenesis was persistently impaired in deeper cortical layers that experienced higher gliosis. Repeated reorganization of myelin patterns in MS may alter circuit function and contribute to cognitive decline.
In vitro effectivity of three approved drugs and their synergistic interaction against Leishmania infantum
Authors: Abou-El-Naga Iman Fathy , Mady Rasha Fadly , Fawzy Hussien Mogahed Nermine Mogahed
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Leishmaniasis remains one of the neglected tropical diseases. Repurposing existing drugs has proven to be successful for treating neglected tropical diseases while combination therapy is a strategic alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases.Auranofin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and sorafenib are FDA approved drugs used in the treatment of diverse diseases by acting on different essential biological enzymes.Objective: To evaluate the effects of monotherapy and combined therapies with the three drugs against Leishmania infantum.Materials and methods: We compared the leishmanicidal effects of the three drugs on promastigotes in vitro as regards the parasite count, the drug concentration providing a half-maximal response, and the ultrastructural changes of the parasite. We determined the fractional inhibitory concentration index of combined drugs in two ways, as well as the activity of the three drugs together to establish their synergetic effect.Results: The monotherapy with the three drugs was effective with auranofin showing the best leishmanicidal effect (EC50=1.5 μM), whereas sorafinib reduced parasite growth at EC50=2.5 μM. The scanning electron microscopy of promastigotes from all treated media showed distortion in the shape with loss of flagella and bleb formation. Acidocalcinosis was evident by transmission electron microscopy with all treatments suggesting apoptosis. Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir showed signs of autophagy. The two-way combination of the drugs led to additive interactions while the combination of the three drugs showed synergistic action.Conclusion: Each drug when used as monotherapy against Leishmania spp. was effective, but the combination therapy was more effective than the individual drugs due to the additive or synergistic effects.
Caracterización molecular de las variantes del virus de Epstein-Barr detectadas en la cavidad oral de adolescentes de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Arturo-Terranova Daniela , Giraldo-Ocampo Sebastián , Castillo Andrés
Published: May 2020

Introducción. El virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV) es un virus ubicuo y oncogénico, asociado con el desarrollo de enfermedades como la mononucleosis infecciosa, el linfoma de Burkitt, el carcinoma nasofaríngeo y otras neoplasias. Actualmente, se reconocen dos subtipos: EBV-1 y EBV- 2, que tienen diferencias genéticas con sus antígenos nucleares (Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigens, EBNA). Debido a la gran heterogeneidad y variabilidad encontradas en la proteína LMP1 del virus, se han descrito variantes asociadas con ciertas enfermedades o con regiones geográficas específicas.Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar molecularmente las variantes del EBV detectadas en la cavidad oral de 84 adolescentes de Cali, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo la amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) convencional, así como la purificación y la secuenciación del gen EBNA3C se realizó para subtipificar el virus y del dominio C-ter de la proteína LMP1 para identificar variantes. Además, se llevó a cabo un análisis filogenético y de variantes nucleotídicas de las secuencias obtenidas comparadas con variantes patogénicas y geográficas reportadas en el GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI).Resultados. El subtipo viral predominante fue el EBV-1 (79 %); el 72,6 % se agrupó con la variante patogénica Raji, derivada de linfocitos B de un paciente con linfoma de Burkitt; el 13,7 % se relacionó con una variante de origen geográfico del Mediterráneo y otro 13,7 % no se agrupó con ninguna de las variantes de referencia.Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio que reporta variantes del gen LMP1-EBV en Cali, Colombia. Se requieren nuevos estudios para caracterizar la variante sin identificar y determinar si es patogénica o si es una variante geográfica presente exclusivamente en la ciudad.
Leishmaniasis en Bolivia, revisión y estado actual en Tarija, frontera con Argentina
Authors: Mollinedo Juan Sergio , Mollinedo Zoraida , Magne Marcelo , Gironda Wilson J. , Salomón Óscar D.
Published: May 2020

Introducción. En 1997, en el departamento de Tarija, Bolivia, situado en la frontera con Argentina, se notificó por primera vez la presencia de pacientes con úlceras en las partes descubiertas de la piel, cuyas características clínicas y epidemiológicas correspondían a leishmaniasis.Objetivo. Describir y comprobar la presencia de leishmaniasis en Tarija, sexto departamento endémico en Bolivia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio del brote (noviembre de 1998 a diciembre de 2002) y un estudio longitudinal (1997 a 2018) en humanos; además, se capturaron Phlebotominae y potenciales reservorios.Resultados. Se registraron 1.250 pacientes de leishmaniasis; 190 y 249 casos, en los brotes de 1998 y 2002, respectivamente, con periodos interepidémicos de 37 casos como promedio anual. El 68 % de los enfermos eran pobladores migrantes del altiplano asentados en viviendas precarias cercanas al bosque residual; el sexo predominante fue el masculino (2/1). El grupo etario económicamente activo (15 a 49 años) fue el más afectado (363/584, 62 %). Hubo 124/584 (21 %) menores de 15 años, 33/584 de menos de cuatro años. En 51/584 (8,7 %) pacientes se presentaron lesiones mucosas. Se aisló y caracterizó Leishmania (V.) braziliensis de úlceras mucosas de perros enfermos y se capturó abundantemente la especie antropofílica Nyssomyia neivai, incriminada como probable vector.Conclusiones. En 1997 se comprobó por primera vez la presencia de leishmaniasis tegumentaria en el municipio de Bermejo y, en el 2018, ya se había extendido a cuatro municipios: Padcaya, Caraparí, Entre Ríos y Yacuiba, en dirección noreste del departamento de Tarija.
Prevalencia de leptospirosis en perros de trabajo vacunados y en población humana con riesgo ocupacional
Authors: Murcia César A. , Astudillo Miryam , Romero Marlyn H.
Published: May 2020

Introducción. Los perros de trabajo pueden infectarse con diversas serovariedades de Leptospira que se mantienen en sus túbulos renales e intersticios por mucho tiempo, por lo que se convierten en portadores y fuentes de infección para otros huéspedes.Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de Leptospira spp. en perros de trabajo vacunados y en población humana con riesgo ocupacional de seis unidades policiales en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Mediante tres instrumentos estructurados, se evaluaron 92 perros de trabajo con inmunización previa contra Leptospira spp. (65 machos y 27 hembras) y 69 personas de seis unidades policiales de los municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué, Tuluá y Cali. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas de las personas y de los perros, las cuales se evaluaron mediante la prueba de microaglutinación (Microscopic Agglutination Test, MAT) en 24 serogrupos. Se hizo un examen clínico de los perros y se obtuvieron muestras de orina para urocultivo.Resultados. La seroprevalencia de leptospirosis en las personas fue de 2,9 % (n=2) y en los perros de 57,61 % (n=53). Los serogrupos más prevalentes en los perros fueron Leptospira canicola y L. panama. El urocultivo fue positivo en 58,7 % (54/92) de las muestras y se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad de los perros (≥10 años; p=0,043) y la ubicación de la unidad policial (p=0,016).Conclusión. Las características epidemiológicas de la leptospirosis en los perros sugieren una presentación endémica de la infección. Se requieren algoritmos diagnósticos sensibles y específicos para investigar la leptospirosis canina y diferenciar los anticuerpos vacunales de la infección natural.
A propósito del bicentenario de la independencia de Colombia: las prácticas de lectura de Antonio Nariño y el desarrollo de una vacuna presuntamente efectiva contra la viruela
Authors: Moreno Sandra-Milena , Moreno-Gómez Freddy
Published: May 2020

Introducción. La historia social de la cultura escrita reflexiona sobre los hábitos y prácticas que permiten apropiarse de los textos mediante la lectura y la escritura. De allí, que la biblioteca de un individuo permita comprender sus hábitos de lectura, su manera de imaginar la naturaleza, su relación con el poder político y religioso, y su vinculación con la sociedad.Objetivo. Interpretar las prácticas de lectura de Antonio Nariño a partir de los libros de Medicina de su biblioteca, para aproximarse a la manera en que desarrolló una vacuna presuntamente efectiva contra la viruela.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una descripción bibliográfica de los documentos “Confiscación y embargo de bienes de Nariño” y “Papeles, libros y bienes de Sebastián López Ruiz en poder de Nariño” del Archivo Nariño de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Resultados. De los 39 libros sobre Medicina (siete tratados de Cirugía, 12 compendios del ejercicio práctico, 11 manuales de enfermedades, siete compendios de temáticas médicas y dos libros sobre partos), tres eran tratados sobre la viruela.Conclusión. El ejercicio médico-científico de Antonio Nariño refleja sus prácticas de lectura y de escritura, sus habilidades y sus competencias, y permite reconocer sus actitudes culturales y sociales ante la promoción de la noción de salud pública. El estudio de Nariño como médico autodidacta permitió relacionar las técnicas de producción científica (desarrollo de la vacuna) y la materialidad cultural (situación actual), a partir de los textos de Medicina de su biblioteca.
Morphology and Molecular Biology of Benthic Java Sea Shark Ray Rhina ancylostoma Bloch and Scheider 1801 (Elasmobranchia: Rhinidae)
Authors: Hartoko Agus , Pringgenies Delianis , Anggelina Amelia Cahya , Matsuishi Takashi
Published: May 2020

Aims: Morphology and molecular biology of a rare shark-rays Rhina ancylostoma caught from Java sea.Indonesia.

Study Design: Morphology, morphometry and DNA analysis of the fish specimen.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample wascollected from fish auction hall at north Java, specimen now stored in Lab of Ichtiology. Department of Fisheries. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. Diponegoro University, between March to December 2019.

Methodology: DNA extraction, amplification and molecular identification of fish sample.Yield of DNA supernatant transferred in an eppendeorf tube and stored in 4°C for further process. PCR amplification. Part of Mithocondrial DNA COI (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit-I) gen was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Then matched up with GenBank database at NCBI using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis. Philogenetic tree was set using Neighbor-Joining method, Kimura-2 parameter model and 1,000 bootstrap replication. Some sequence from NCBI GenBank were inputted into philogenetic tree as comparison.

Results: Rhina ancylostoma as one of demersal shark rays catch from tropical shallow Java sea. Range of Total Length 73 – 200 cm and dominant Total Length catch 125 cm. Morphologyis characterised with three lines of spine thorn on the head, morphometry characteriswide of head to TL ratio 0.77. DNA analysis had confirmed the specimen of AH2 as Rhina ancylostoma based on homological match up of sequence of Gen Bank database with reference accesion number KU721837.1 with length sequence of 665 bpand identical similarity of 99.84% for specimen Accession number LC 505461.

Conclusion: Rhina ancylostoma as one of demersal shark rays catch from Java sea. Range Total Length (TL) of catch 73 – 200 cm and dominant TL catch range 101 – 125 cm. Morphologically character of wide head ratio with three lines of spine thorn on the head. Nearest genetic distance of 0.02 to Rhincobatushorkelii and 0.017 to R. australiae. Longest genetic distance of 0.243 to Potamotrygon motoro.
Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings in Patients Older than 60 Years: A One Year Pilot Study
Authors: Oluwabunmi Ajala Aisha , Ilanye Bell-Gam Hope
Published: May 2020

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent diagnosis in elderly people and is the leading cause of death in both men and women older than 65 years of age. Age-related vulnerability to CVD is compounded by the cumulative effect of the normal aging process and cardiovascular risk factors over a lifetime. The study assessed the prevalence of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in patients older than 60 years at the geriatric unit of the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 50 patients admitted to the geriatric ward over one year. The subjects underwent blood pressure and anthropometric parameters clinical examinations. Evaluation of the cardiovascular system was done using resting electrocardiogram and echocardiography.

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 68.3±6.3 years with a female preponderance. Out of the 50 studied patients, 44 were admitted with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Preserved ejection fraction was present in 27 out of the 44 patients admitted for HF. Forty-seven patients had an abnormal LV geometry ranging from concentric remodeling to eccentric LV hypertrophy. Diastolic dysfunction was present in majority of the respondents 42 (84%). Resting ECG showed varying degrees of rhythm disturbances. Sinus tachycardia, bradycardia and left anterior fascicular blocks were the most prevalent rhythm disorders. Electrocardiographic LVH and left atrial abnormalities were present in 21 and 27 patients respectively. Prolonged QTc was present in only 4 patients.

Conclusion: Electrocardiographic and ultrasound abnormalities are common in elderly patients and this also reflects the high prevalence of CVD in these groups of patients. Thus, resting ECG and ultrasound should routinely be incorporated as one of the baseline assessments for elderly patients to identify potentially serious heart conditions and also serves as a basis for comparison during subsequent hospitalization.
Evaluation of Integrated Farming System Model for Small and Marginal Farmers of Telangana State
Authors: Goverdhan M. , Kumari Ch. Pragathi , Sridevi S. , Ramana M. V. , Suresh K.
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted to develop Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) model for limited irrigation situation. The land was earmarked for developing 1 ha. land for marginal/small farmers with crops, horticulture, fodders and animal components. This system resulted in total productivity of 41.4 t ha-1 yr-1 Rice Grain equivalent Yield (RGEY) along with employment generation of 830 man days. The net returns from 1 ha of crop + livestock (dairy and goat) + horticulture farming systems model was Rs. 2,17,336/-. Of this total net income, crop component including fodder comprised 27.74%, horticulture component comprised 4.41% and livestock unit shared 67.85%. Besides cash income, IFS generated employment for family labour. Recycling of bi-products from the livestock unit, sustains soil productivity.
Oxidal® Ameliorates the Ty1 Retrotransposition Induced by Methyl Methanesulfonate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Todorova Teodora , Dimitrov Martin , Ignatov Ignat , Gluhchev Georgi , Dinkov Georgi
Published: May 2020

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of Oxidal® to decrease the Ty1 retrotransposition rate in a model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Study Design: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell suspensions were pre-treated with different concentrations Oxidal® and subsequently treated with 16mM methyl methanesulfonate. (MMS)

Methodology: The potential of various concentrations Oxidal® was evaluated based on “spot” test and Ty1 retro-transposition test.

Results: Data revealed that only 5% Oxidal® possesses some cytotoxic properties. Lack of Ty1 retro-transposition was observed after single treatment with 1, 2.5 and 5% Oxidal® concentrations.

On the other hand, all the tested concentrations showed promising results against the standard carcinogen methyl methane sulfonate. The most pronounced anti-carcinogenic and cytoprotective effects were observed after pre-treatment with 2.5% Oxidal®, which could be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the combination of ingredients; methylene blue, salicylic acid and caffeine. Further studies could reveal the exact mechanism of action of the supplement and the role of the antioxidant potential.

Conclusion: New data is provided concerning the potential of Oxidal® at low concentrations to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from MMS-induced Ty1 retro-transposition. The cytoprotective properties of the supplement were also obtained. These results could be considered as a basis for further studies revealing the exact mechanisms of cell protection of the Oxidal®. Additionally, our data could also serve as an important step of the in-depth research of a potential antiviral activity.