bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printed Walking Robot Based on a Minimalist Approach
Authors: Chavdarov Ivan
Published: May 2021

3D printing technology enables the design and testing of highly complex robot prototypes and joints. Here an original idea for a walking robot is presented, based on a minimalist approach. Although the robot has a simple mechanical structure using only 2 motors, it can walk, turn around its central axis and climb high obstacles. The simple design ensures higher reliability in terms of mechanics and control. A design principle is suggested, which minimizes power consumption during climbing. The kinematics and static conditions for overcoming an obstacle are analyzed and the movements of the robot are simulated. A 3D-printed prototype of the robot is created. It is used for experiments to test the efficiency of different materials and shapes for the robot’s feet when climbing. The results are ranked and compared with the efficiency of other walking robots.
Vitamin E: Recommended Intake
Authors: Schwarzova Marianna , Fatrcova-Sramkova Katarina , Tvrda Eva , Kacaniova Miroslava
Published: May 2021

Data of vitamin E intake and status are controversial. Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient for humans and achieving an optimal status is assumed to produce beneficial health outcomes. Dietary intake recommendations for vitamin E vary considerably by different countries and organizations. It appears to be still a challenge to define these despite the wealth of data published. Vitamin E requirements have been proposed to depend on other nutritional factors, such as the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Although several foods contain naturally occurring sources of vitamin E, it is frequently the case that the intake recommendations are not achieved. Several other dietary factors affect the need for vitamin E. In this regard, significant challenges to be considered include the efficiency of other tocopherol variants and their properties that could affect the revision of the nutritional recommendations for vitamin E. Particularly, an ever-increasing evidence indicates that other vitamin E homologs may potentially present with a higher biological activity. Low dietary consumption of vitamin E, coupled with compelling evidence that increased intake of vitamin E above current recommendations for the general population may benefit older individuals.
Therapy Development for Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Piñón Hofbauer Josefina , Wally Verena , Guttmann-Gruber Christina , Gratz Iris , Koller Ulrich
Published: May 2021

Although rare genodermatoses such as Epidermolysis bullosa have received more attention over the last years, no approved treatment options targeting causal mutations are currently available. Still, such diseases can be devastating, in some cases even associated with life-threatening secondary manifestations. Therefore, developing treatments that target disease-associated complications along with causal therapies remains the focus of current research efforts, in order to increase patient’s quality of life and potentially their life expectancy. Epidermolysis bullosa is a genodermatosis that is caused by mutations in either one of 16 genes, predominantly encoding structural components of the skin and mucosal epithelia that are crucial to give these barrier organs physical and mechanical resilience to stress. The genetic heterogeneity of the disease is recapitulated in the high variability of phenotypic expressivity observed, ranging from minor and localized blistering to generalized erosions and wound chronification, rendering certain subtypes a systemic disease that is complicated by a plethora of secondary manifestations. During the last decades, several studies have focused on developing treatments for EB patients and significant progress has been made, as reflected by numerous publications, patents, and registered trials available. Overall, strategies range from causal to symptom-relieving approaches, and include gene, RNA and cell therapies, as well as drug developments based on biologics and small molecules. In this chapter, we highlight the most recent and promising approaches that are currently being investigated in order to provide effective treatments for patients with epidermolysis bullosa in the future.
Identification and Management of High Risk Complications during Postnatal Period by Ground Level Workers
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Ray Suresh
Published: May 2021

What to expect after the child birth. A healthy newborn is considered as priority, but postnatal care counts too. It is not always that story ended up with safe child birth; mother is still at high risk if not taken care after birth. Antenatal and intra natal period are the hardest part of a life span of a pregnant women. Mandatory Antenatal visits and maternal and child health services provided by the government with hand holding national programs and schemes have converted this tough path into smooth platform. Similarly postnatal period is equally important in the life of a new mother. The transition has already been set up by creating fourth stage of pregnancy instead of traditional three stages. Several studies have observed complications in postnatal period especially Primary PPH but very minimal studies had concentrated on Secondary PPH. Over and above there are no significant and standardized guidelines made available for the health workers to define the set limits of blood loss and management of secondary PPH. The condition becomes more critical when severe secondary PPH came for the hospitalization when the exact cause and associated factors remains often unknown. Also many postpartum infections emerge 24 hours after the delivery and discharge from hospital. Consequently, in the lack of proper knowledge and skills regarding identification of postnatal complications like secondary PPH and Puerperal infection, many cases go undiagnosed and unreported. This chapter will deals with the skills of the ground level workers required to identify and manage selected high risk complications in postnatal period.
Integrated Biorefinery Approach to Lignocellulosic and Algal Biomass Fermentation Processes
Authors: Offei Felix
Published: May 2021

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass have been suggested as relatively sustainable alternatives to sugar and starch-based biomass for various fermentation technologies. However, challenges in pretreatment, high production costs and high waste generation remains a drawback to their commercial application. Processing cellulosic and algal biomass using the biorefinery approach has been recommended as an efficient and cost-effective pathway since it involves the recovery of several products from a single biomass using sequential or simultaneous processes. This review explored the developments, prospects and perspectives on the use of this pathway to add more value and increase the techno-economic viability of cellulosic and algal fermentation processes. The composition of lignocellulosic and algal biomass, the conventional ethanol production processes and their related sustainability issues are also discussed in this chapter. Developments in this approach to lignocellulosic and algal biomass has shown that valuable products at high recovery efficiencies can be obtained. Products such as ethanol, xylitol, lipids, organic acids, chitin, hydrogen and various polymers can be recovered from lignocellulosic biomass while ethanol, biogas, biodiesel, hydrocolloids, hydrogen and carotenoids can be recovered from algae. Product recovery efficiencies and biomass utilisation have been so high that zero waste is nearly attainable. These developments indicate that indeed the application of fermentation technologies to cellulosic and algal biomass have tremendous commercial value when used in the integrated biorefinery approach.
Robotic Guided Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Authors: Kiran Alluri Ram , Sivaganesan Ahilan , S. Vaishnav Avani , A. Qureshi Sheeraz
Published: May 2021

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) continues to evolve, and the advent of robotic spine technology may play a role in further facilitating MISS techniques, increasing safety, and improving patient outcomes. In this chapter we review early limitations of spinal robotic systems and go over currently available spinal robotic systems. We then summarize the evidence-based advantages of robotic spine surgery, with an emphasis on pedicle screw placement. Additionally, we review some common and expanded clinical applications of robotic spine technology to facilitate MISS. The chapter concludes with a discussion regarding the current limitations and future directions of this relatively novel technology as it applies to MISS.
Role salience and satisfaction in working adults: a contribution to the individuals’ well-being
Authors: Lima Rosário , Gaspar Pedro
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTA study about role salience in the counselling and career management context with an adult sample revealed the tendency for the individuals to place more importance in other roles beyond those they tend to spend more time and energy with: work and family. The aim of this research is to present more results that confirm this trend, in different organizational contexts, and also the satisfaction with the occupational, family and leisure life roles. The study samples included working adults, ranging from 60 to 116 participants, and the instruments used were the Salience Inventory and the Life Roles Satisfaction Scale. The results corroborate the referred trend and reveal higher levels of satisfaction with other activities than with the occupational one, and correlations between role salience and satisfaction with the life roles. Therefore, it should be considered strategic by the organizations to implement policies aiming to facilitate the balance between the different roles played by their employees. Noteworthy are the interventions in counselling and career management and the increasingly frequent use of remote work. Some considerations are made on the importance of helping individuals to deal with their levels of satisfaction and well-being in the current competitive, unpredictable and unknown labour market. RESUMENCon base en un estudio sobre la relevancia de los roles con una muestra de adultos que solicitaron ayuda en el contexto de asesoramiento y gestión de carrera, se encontró una tendencia a dar más y más importancia a los roles que no sean los que generalmente los individuos tienden a gastar más de su tiempo y energía: el trabajo y la familia. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar más resultados que confirmen esta tendencia, en diferentes contextos organizacionales, y también la satisfacción obtenida con los roles de vida profesional, familiar y de ocio. Las muestras en estudio incluyeron adultos trabajadores, cuyos totales oscilaron entre 60 y 116 participantes, y los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario de Saliencia de Actividades y la Escala de Satisfacción con los Roles Vitales. Los resultados corroboran la tendencia mencionada y revelan mayores niveles de satisfacción con otras actividades que la profesional, y correlaciones entre la relevancia de los roles y la satisfacción con los roles de vida. Por consiguiente, debe considerarse estratégico que las organizaciones implementen medidas destinadas a facilitar el equilibrio entre los diferentes roles desempeñados por sus trabajadores. Cabe destacar las intervenciones en asesoramiento y gestión de la carrera y el uso cada vez más frecuente del trabajo remoto. Se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la importancia de ayudar los individuos a lidiar con sus niveles de satisfacción y bienestar en el actual mercado laboral competitivo, impredecible y desconocido.
Protección de los derechos fundamentales en la pandemia del coronavirus
Authors: Lepsius Oliver
Published: May 2021

¿Ha cambiado la situación de los derechos fundamentales en tiempos de la pandemia provocada por el coronavirus? Lo cierto es que la protección de los derechos fundamentales no es una vía de un solo sentido que comienza con el individuo, sino una promesa de la Ley Fundamental que debe ser implementada por todos los poderes estatales. Todo el ordenamiento jurídico en sí debe ser libre, no solo el estatus legal del individuo. En los últimos meses, incluso la jurisprudencia de los tribunales inferiores y del Tribunal Constitucional Federal ha demostrado ser bastante débil. En opinión del autor, el mérito de haber provocado un cambio fundamental en la cultura de ejecución de toma de decisiones dentro del poder judicial corresponde al Tribunal Supremo Administrativo (en adelante OVG) de Münster, que en su «decisión Gütersloh» (OVG Münster, decisión de 29.06.2020-13 B 940/20.NE-Lockdown Gütersloh) volvió a la aplicación correcta de la prueba de proporcionalidad.Has the situation of fundamental rights changed in times of the corona pandemic? One thing is certain: the protection of basic rights is not a one-way street that begins with the individual, but a promise of the Basic Law that must be implemented by all state powers. The legal system as such, not just the legal status of the individual, should be a free one. In the last few months, even the case law of the lower courts and the Federal Constitutional Court has proven to be rather pale. The merit of having brought about a fundamental change in the executive decision-making culture within the judiciary belongs in the perception of the author to the Supreme Administrative Court (OVG) Münster, which in its «Gütersloh decision» (OVG Münster, decision of 29.06.2020 - 13 B 940 / 20.NE - Lockdown Gütersloh) showed the way back to a normal proportionality test.
La reducción del número de parlamentarios y la propuesta de reforma del sistema de elección del Consejo Superior de la Magistratura en Italia
Authors: Romboli Roberto
Published: May 2021

El ensayo analiza la reciente reforma constitucional llevada a cabo en Italia que ha reducido significativamente el número de parlamentarios y el proyecto de ley del Gobierno con el que se pretende reformar el sistema de elección de los miembros del Consejo Superior de la Magistratura. En relación con la primera cuestión, trata de reconstruirse la tramitación seguida para la aprobación de la ley de reforma constitucional, el referéndum constitucional de septiembre de 2020 y las razones que la han motivado. A tal objeto, se reproduce, en síntesis, el debate mantenido entre la doctrina constitucionalista durante la campaña electoral del referéndum, y se indican las adaptaciones normativas que deben hacerse para implementar la reforma. Por lo que respecta a la propuesta de reforma del sistema de elección del CSM, se analizan las razones y el contenido del proyecto de ley y los aspectos que podrían afectar al modelo de CSM definido en la Constitución.The essay analyses the recent constitutional reform in Italy that has significantly reduced the number of parliamentarians. It also focuses on the Government bill which aims to reform the electoral system of the High Council of the Judiciary’s members. Regarding the first question, the essay reviews the process followed for the approval of the reform law, the constitutional referendum of September 2020 and the reasons which inspired the reform. To this end, it reproduces, briefly, the debate held by the constitutional doctrine during the referendum’s electoral campaign, and the regulatory changes that must be made to implement the reform are indicated. On the other hand, regarding the proposed reform of the CSM’s electoral system, the reasons and content of the bill are analysed as well as the aspects that could affect the CSM’s constitutional design.
Las cláusulas de restricción en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Redondo Saceda Lara
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el sistema de restricciones al ejercicio de los derechos previsto en los artículos 8 a 11 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Así, el objetivo principal es reflexionar sobre la incidencia de estas cláusulas de restricción, su desarrollo jurisprudencial por parte del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y su significado en la construcción del sistema de derechos humanos del Consejo de Europa.This paper is intended to analyse the system of restrictions on the exercise of rights provided by articles 8 to 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Thus, the principal aim is reflecting on the impact of these restriction clauses, their case-law development by the European Court of Human Rights and their meaning on the construction of the Council of Europe Human Rights System.
Irene e Martha: autorretrato com minhas avós e outras ficções
Authors: Danziger Leila
Published: May 2021

Como toda imagem, o autoretrato solicita a distância, nem que seja a distância de um braço, como é o caso das selfies. Assim, o texto é constituído por sete pequenas seções, sete movimentos de distanciamento reflexivo – provisórios, tênues, hesitantes – que têm em comum o nome próprio, o gesto, a escrita e a transmissão, tópicos que se organizam em torno de um clichê fotográfico de minhas avós, entre outros apelos, que habitam o visível como exigência (Mondzain). Responder à exigência do que pede a se constituir como imagem é o movimento que, por sua vez, me constitui como artista.
Notas breves sobre a restituição da memória espacial através do desenho
Authors: Franca-Huchet Patricia Dias
Published: May 2021

Nesse artigo mostro desenhos nos quais o sentido inicial foi restituir a memória espacial a partir de um conjunto iconográfico de fotografias de viagens, de imagens guardadas em pastas bem como de cartões postais. Esse trabalho aconteceu durante o período de março a dezembro do ano de 2020. O artigo afirma que as imagens podem se materializar em montagens rítmicas e sensíveis, sendo por isso, dialéticas. Sensíveis no sentido artístico, em sua maneira desejosa de expressar uma fenomenologia da imagem ativa e dialéticas como fenômeno rítmico, que se produz em um determinado momento histórico ou biográfico e que demonstra inteligibilidade antropológica, memorial, conflitual e gestual.
La exclusión social e incorporación adversa. Hacia una crítica de un mundo en globalización
Authors: Blanco Brotons Francisco
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es someter a crítica el discurso de la exclusión social. Comenzaremos exponiendo algunos rasgos centrales de nuestro mundo en globalización para, a continuación, exponer las razones que hacen a este discurso profundamente inadecuado. Distrae la atención de características fundamentales de este mundo, de modo que puede ser instrumentalizado para ocultar relaciones que se encuentran a la base de la explotación, la dominación o la subordinación. Frente a este discurso se propondrá otro que podría evitar estos peligros, el de la incorporación adversa.

The aim of this article is to criticize the discourse of social exclusion. We will begin by exposing some central features of our globalizing world and then we will present some reasons that make this discourse profoundly inadequate. It distracts attention from fundamental characteristics of our contemporary world, so that it can be used to obscure relationships at the root of exploitation, domination or subordination. Against this discourse, I will propose the concept of adverse incorporation to avoid these dangers.
Filosofía de la inseguridad social
Authors: Velasco Arias Gonzalo
Published: May 2021

Los estados normativos solo pueden ser percibidos a partir de su frustración. Partiendo de esta premisa, el presente artículo propone una definición filosófica de la inseguridad social, basada en la reciente revisión de la función práctica y cognitiva de dos emociones tradicionalmente entendidas como negativas: el resentimiento y la ansiedad. Se analizará el resentimiento como un potencial generador de vínculos políticos en la memoria de un pasado de protección arrebatada, y la ansiedad como un indicador epistémico en condiciones de incertidumbre objetiva. Se colige una definición de la inseguridad acotada entre la retención resentida del pasado y la proyección preventiva del futuro.

Normative states can only be experienced from their frustration. Based on this premise, this article proposes a philosophical definition of social insecurity, based on the recent review of the practical and cognitive function of two emotions traditionally understood as negative: resentment and anxiety. Resentment will be analyzed as a potential generator of political links in the memory of a past of rapt protection, whereas anxiety wil be understood as an epistemic indicator in conditions of objective uncertainty. A definition insecurity will be set between the resentful retention of the past and the preventive projection of the future.
Alimentación ontológica e incorporación ética en Levinas
Authors: Campos Salvaterra Valeria Rocío
Published: May 2021

En el siguiente trabajo exponemos la tesis de Emmanuel Levinas según la cual en la subjetividad se entrelazan dos momentos, uno ontológico y uno propiamente ético, alejándose así del paradigma de la identidad. Sostenemos que dicha estructura co-implicada de la subjetividad puede entenderse, a partir de las dos obras principales de Levinas (Totalidad e infinito y De otro modo que ser o más allá de la esencia), a la luz de un movimiento incorporativo no-asimilativo de la alteridad. Mostramos así, en primer lugar, cómo la retórica alimentaria del comer-al y con-otro no sólo puede tener rendimiento especulativo en el caso de la tematización de la estructura ontológica del vivir de… sino que incluso funciona como catacresis fundamental en el caso de la exposición de la subjetividad como substitución. Finalmente, proponemos que estos análisis permiten una relectura de la estructura misma de la relación general con la alteridad en Levinas en términos de incorporación.

In the following article we expose Emmanuel Levinas’ thesis about an altered subjectivity that has two intertwined moments: one ontological and one properly ethical. We hold that this co-implicated structure of subjectivity can be understood, in the context of the two main works of Levinas (Totality and Infinity and Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence), in the light of a non-assimilative incorporative movement of alterity. We show, in the first place, how the rhetoric of eating the-other and with-other has an speculative function both in the thematization of the ontological structure of the living of ... and in the thesis about subjectivity as a substitution – as a fundamental catachresis. Finally, we propose that these analyzes allow a rereading of the structure of the general relationship with otherness in Levinas in terms of incorporation
Tête, épaule ou poitrine : est-ce que le positionnement des caméras portatives a une incidence sur la visibilité d’informations cruciales ?
Authors: Suss1 Joel , Petushek Erich
Published: May 2021

Les caméras portatives sont devenues monnaie courante dans les forces de l’ordre. La plupart de la recherche sur le sujet s’est intéressée à l’effet des caméras sur le comportement des policiers et leur incidence sur le taux de plaintes des citoyens envers la police alors que peu d’études se sont penchées sur les facteurs humains et les problèmes ergonomiques liés au déploiement de ces appareils, notamment celui du positionnement des caméras portatives. Cette question est d’intérêt puisque le positionnement peut avoir un effet sur la qualité des séquences filmées. Jusqu’à maintenant, il y a peu de directives fondées sur des données probantes quant au positionnement optimal des caméras. La présente étude a donc comme but d’analyser le degré de visibilité d’une cible à partir de différents positionnements d’installation des caméras portatives. Trois policiers ont effectué 31 exercices de tir sur une cible statique avec une arme de poing, un fusil d’assaut et une carabine. Les exercices ont été faits en variant les positions de départ, les positions du corps des policiers, les façons de tenir l’arme et les mouvements. Des caméras portatives ont été installées des deux côtés d’un chapeau, des lunettes et des épaules, ainsi que sur la poitrine. Une caméra a aussi été installée sur chaque arme à feu. Nous avons codé, et utilisé comme mesure principale, le pourcentage des images filmées où la cible était entièrement visible pendant les exercices. Chaque exercice a été divisé par phases, soit pré-tir, tir et post-tir, et un regroupement de toutes les phases a aussi été fait. Dans l’ensemble, pour toutes les phases, les caméras portées à la tête (chapeau et lunettes) et la caméra portée sur la poitrine ont montré une visibilité supérieure (~80 % de visibilité complète) aux caméras installées sur une arme à feu (68 % de visibilité complète) et sur l’épaule (~12 % de visibilité complète). Durant la phase de pré-tir, toutes les caméras portées à la hauteur de la tête (chapeau et lunettes) avaient une visibilité supérieure (~70 % de visibilité complète) à tous les autres positionnements (14-41 % de visibilité complète). Cette étude laisse entendre que les caméras portées à la tête, situées à gauche ou à droite d’un chapeau ou de lunettes, offrent une meilleure optimisation de la visibilité de la cible.
À bien y penser : l’effet du visionnement répété de vidéos sur l’opinion relativement à une intervention policière controversée
Authors: Boivin1 Rémi , Gendron Annie
Published: May 2021

La multiplication des appareils captant des images de la vie quotidienne permet maintenant de visionner et revisionner ce dont on n’entendait que parler par le passé. L’intervention policière est un bon exemple : lorsque disponible, l’enregistrement des interventions controversées est présenté à répétition, scruté à la loupe et commenté par une foule nombreuse et diverse. Une recherche exhaustive n’a toutefois pas permis de trouver d’études empiriques portant spécifiquement sur l’effet du visionnement répété sur l’opinion relativement à une intervention policière. Se basant sur la recherche existante sur d’autres objets, le présent article vise à tester l’effet du visionnement répété sur l’opinion quant à une intervention policière avec emploi de la force, le genre d’enregistrement susceptible d’attirer l’attention des médias et donc d’être vu par le grand public, et de générer des commentaires polarisés et polarisants. Deux enregistrements ont été présentés deux fois à 78 étudiants universitaires, à une semaine d’intervalle, de façon que leurs réponses puissent être liées. Les résultats laissent fortement entendre que le visionnement répété d’une vidéo a un effet sur l’opinion qu’on s’en fait : les participants avaient une opinion plus favorable envers l’intervention à la suite du deuxième visionnement.
Évaluation d’une pratique novatrice offerte à l’Établissement de détention de Québec par le CIUSSS-CN : le programme Toxico-justice
Authors: Arseneault1 Catherine , Plourde Chantal , Ferland Francine , Blanchette-Martin Nadine , Alain Marc
Published: May 2021

Cette étude évalue les effets d’un programme en toxicomanie offert en milieu carcéral. Un devis quasi expérimental à mesures répétées (3) a été utilisé pour mesurer les changements qui ont été opérés (ou non) par rapport à la consommation et aux sphères psychoémotionnelles et sociales ainsi que les services utilisés par les répondants. Au total, 292 participants ont été recrutés (GE [groupe expérimental] = 152 ; GT [groupe témoin] = 140). Les résultats de l’analyse de variance univariée (ANOVA) à mesures répétées montrent une diminution, entre le temps zéro (T0) et le temps un (T1), chez les répondants du GE, quant à l’estimation de l’importance de recevoir de l’aide pour un problème d’alcool et de drogues. Les participants du GE sont plus nombreux à se tourner vers des services en toxicomanie au T2. La détresse psychologique augmente chez les participants du GE entre le T1 et le T2. En ce qui a trait aux buts dans la vie, ils augmentent entre le T0 et le T1 chez les répondants du GE alors qu’une diminution est plutôt observée chez ceux du GT, entre le T1 et le T2. Enfin, la satisfaction des participants en regard du programme est très élevée. Ces résultats laissent croire que le programme ne respecte pas en tous points les principes du modèle du risque, des besoins et de la réceptivité à la base de toute intervention efficace auprès d’une clientèle délinquante. Ainsi, un comité a été mis en place à la suite de cette étude afin de revoir les objectifs du programme et son fonctionnement pour optimiser les effets auprès des participants.
Victimisation et délinquance des jeunes Roms roumains en Suisse
Authors: Molnar12 Lorena , Aebi Marcelo F.
Published: May 2021

Les Roms forment la plus grande minorité ethnique en Europe, mais peu d’études se sont focalisées sur la délinquance et la victimisation au sein de cette communauté. Cet article présente une recherche exploratoire portant sur la victimisation et la délinquance des jeunes Roms roumains en Suisse romande. L’étude suit une démarche mixte qui combine 130 heures d’observation participante avec un sondage de délinquance et victimisation autoreportée (N= 27). Les résultats montrent que les victimisations les plus courantes sont les agressions verbales liées à la mendicité, la violence domestique et les vols, tandis que les délits les plus avoués sont les rixes et les violences conjugales, fréquemment bidirectionnelles. La délinquance et la victimisation sont souvent associées, même si la gamme de victimisations subies est davantage diversifiée que celle des délits commis. Les victimes ont une perception relativement positive de la police suisse, mais ne dénoncent que rarement les délits subis. Malgré la taille réduite de l’échantillon et les biais liés à une recherche de ce genre, l’étude apporte des éléments nouveaux en ce qui concerne le rôle des médias sociaux dans la délinquance, la bidirectionnalité de la violence conjugale et le faible taux de reportabilité des victimisations, tout en proposant des sujets d’étude pour des recherches futures.
DRAXIN regulates interhemispheric fissure remodelling to influence the extent of corpus callosum formation
Authors: Morcom Laura , Edwards Timothy J , Rider Eric , Jones-Davis Dorothy , Lim Jonathan WC , Chen Kok-Siong , Dean Ryan J , Bunt Jens , Ye Yunan , Gobius Ilan , Suárez Rodrigo , Mandelstam Simone , Sherr Elliott H , Richards Linda J
Published: May 2021

Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital disorder that incorporates either partial or complete absence of the largest cerebral commissure. Remodelling of the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) provides a substrate for callosal axons to cross between hemispheres, and its failure is the main cause of complete CCD. However, it is unclear whether defects in this process could give rise to the heterogeneity of expressivity and phenotypes seen in human cases of CCD. We identify incomplete IHF remodelling as the key structural correlate for the range of callosal abnormalities in inbred and outcrossed BTBR mouse strains, as well as in humans with partial CCD. We identify an eight base-pair deletion in Draxin and misregulated astroglial and leptomeningeal proliferation as genetic and cellular factors for variable IHF remodelling and CCD in BTBR strains. These findings support a model where genetic events determine corpus callosum structure by influencing leptomeningeal-astroglial interactions at the IHF.
Receptor-mediated mitophagy regulates EPO production and protects against renal anemia
Authors: Geng Guangfeng , Liu Jinhua , Xu Changlu , Pei Yandong , Chen Linbo , Mu Chenglong , Wang Ding , Gao Jie , Li Yue , Liang Jing , Zhao Tian , Zhang Chuanmei , Zhou Jiaxi , Chen Quan , Zhu Yushan , Shi Lihong
Published: May 2021

Erythropoietin (EPO) drives erythropoiesis and is secreted mainly by the kidney upon hypoxic or anemic stress. The paucity of EPO production in renal EPO-producing cells (REPs) causes renal anemia, one of the most common complications of chronic nephropathies. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in several renal and hematopoietic disorders, the mechanism by which mitochondrial quality control impacts renal anemia remains elusive. In this study, we showed that FUNDC1, a mitophagy receptor, plays a critical role in EPO-driven erythropoiesis induced by stresses. Mechanistically, EPO production is impaired in REPs in Fundc1-/- mice upon stresses, and the impairment is caused by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which consequently leads to the elevation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and triggers inflammatory responses by up-regulating proinflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory factors promote the myofibroblastic transformation of REPs, resulting in the reduction of EPO production. We therefore provide a link between aberrant mitophagy and deficient EPO generation in renal anemia. Our results also suggest that the mitochondrial quality control safeguards REPs under stresses, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal anemia.
Autism-associated SHANK3 missense point mutations impact conformational fluctuations and protein turnover at synapses
Authors: Bucher Michael , Niebling Stephan , Han Yuhao , Molodenskiy Dmitry , Hassani Nia Fatemeh , Kreienkamp Hans-Jürgen , Svergun Dmitri , Kim Eunjoon , Kostyukova Alla S , Kreutz Michael R , Mikhaylova Marina
Published: May 2021

Members of the SH3- and ankyrin repeat (SHANK) protein family are considered as master scaffolds of the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses. Several missense mutations within the canonical SHANK3 isoform have been proposed as causative for the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, there is a surprising paucity of data linking missense mutation-induced changes in protein structure and dynamics to the occurrence of ASD-related synaptic phenotypes. In this proof-of-principle study, we focus on two ASD-associated point mutations, both located within the same domain of SHANK3 and demonstrate that both mutant proteins indeed show distinct changes in secondary and tertiary structure as well as higher conformational fluctuations. Local and distal structural disturbances result in altered synaptic targeting and changes of protein turnover at synaptic sites in rat primary hippocampal neurons.
Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers
Authors:   The University of Jordan Jordan, Othman Yahia , Al-Ajlouni Malik , A’saf Tala , Sawalha Hanadi , Bany Hani Muayyad
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different foliar gibberellic acid (GA3) levels (0, 10, 50, and 200 mg L-1) and application timing on the growth, physiology (chlorophyll and gas exchange) and flower quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cvs. Beaudine and Palm Beach) and Asiatic lily (Lilium × elegans cvs. Fangio and Eldivo). The application of GA3 (50 mg L-1) increased (p < 0.05) gerbera shoot height (30%), pedicel length (20%), and vase life (12.5%) and decreased the number of days to flowering (7%) compared to the control. GA3 application at the seedling stage increased pedicel length and flower diameter compared to GA3 treatment at the flower initiation stage. However, the chlorophyll content index, photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) were similar across the study period. For Asiatic lily, 10 and 50 mg L-1 were the best GA3 levels in terms of leaf gs, E and flower diameter. Compared to 0, 10 and 50 mg L-1-GA3, 200 mg L-1-GA3 decreased the number of days to flowering. Overall, the application of 50 mg L-1-GA3 to gerbera and lily cultivars at the seedling stage can potentially improve flower quality and shorten the number of days to flowering.
Nutritional diagnosis norms for three olive tree cultivars in superhigh-density orchards
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Gimenez Miguel , Nieves Manuel ,   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Gimeno Helenio ,   Fertiberia S.A., Martinez Tomé Juan ,   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Martinez Nicolás Juan José ,   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Published: May 2021

The preferred olive tree cultivation strategy has evolved towards high-density cultivations to increase profitability and satisfy the global demand for olive oil. However, there is a lack of specific norms for the nutritional diagnosis of new growing systems and the varieties adapted to these systems. The objective of this study is to determine the sufficiency range and the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system and compositional nutritional diagnosis norms for Arbequina, Arbosana and Picual cultivars under superhigh-density olive tree cultivation. Leaves were sampled every fifteen days, from July to December, from high-productivity trees with production densities exceeding 8000 kg ha-1. The results show two periods of stability for the three varieties of olives: July-first two weeks of August and October-November. The three varieties showed substantial variability in their macronutrient concentrations, i.e., N, P, K, Ca and Mg, during both periods. The three aforementioned methods have improved the reliability of such diagnosis and provided concurrent diagnoses. Nevertheless, all the resulting norms need to be validated through an analysis of the results obtained in practice after their application.
Determinants of agriculture credit fungibility among smallholder farmers: The case of rural Ghana
Authors:   University of Cape Coast Ghana, Nkansah Darfor Kwabena , Ankrah Twumasi Martinson ,   Sichuan Agriculture University Ghana, Akaba Selorm ,   University of Cape Coast, Kwamega Michael ,   Sichuan Agricultural University, Ntim-Amo Gideon ,   Sichuan Agricultural University, Ansah Stephen ,   Sichuan Agricultural University
Published: May 2021

This study examined the determinants of rural household agriculture credit fungibility (CF). The study found agricultural CF among farmers, with approximately 79% of farmers involved in agricultural CF. Household financial burden was found to be the main cause of CF among the studied farmers. Most fungible credit was used for clothing and food consumption. A probit model was employed to analyze survey data collected from four regions in Ghana. We employed an instrumental variable approach (IV-Probit) to test for robustness due to endogeneity issues. The econometric model results show that the variables of off-farm income and farm size inversely influenced agricultural CF, while those of education, household size, male farmer gender, and chronic disease variables had a positive effect on agricultural CF. Our findings have policy implications for alleviating agricultural CF.
Prevalence of Malaria among Children under Five Years in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Oboro I. L. , Bob-Manuel M. , Chijioke-Nwauche I. N. , Maduka O. , Kasso T. , Awopeju A. T. O. , Paul N. I. , Yaguo-Ide L. E. , Ogoro M. , Siminialayi I. M. , Abam C. I. , Nte A. R. , Nduka F. O. , Obunge O. K. , Nwauche C. A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Malaria still remains an overwhelming cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium parasitemia among children below 5 years of age in Akwa-Ibom, Delta and Rivers States, located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Methodology: A cross sectional study of 2630 children, selected by multistage sampling from Akwa-Ibom, Delta and Rivers States of Nigeria between April and June 2019. Parasitological diagnosis was by Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2-based malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy of giemsa-stained blood smears. Demographic information was collected using soft copies of pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires via the Open Data Kit application installed on android phones. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS version 25. Frequency, percentages, and Chi-square test were used to interpret data at a confidence interval of 95% and a p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 2630 children less than 5 years old were included in the study, 1016 from Akwa-Ibom and 807 each from Delta and Rivers states respectively. Malaria parasitaemia was detected in 230 (8.6%) and 198 (7.4%) children by RDT and microscopy, respectively. RDT used in this survey has high diagnostic accuracy (98.8%) compared to microscopy.

Conclusion: The study shows a decline in the prevalence of malaria in children under 5 years. It also demonstrates the reliability of the RDTs in the diagnosis of malaria. The use of RDTs is thus further recommended especially in peripheral centers where the access to skilled microscopists and laboratory infrastructure may be lacking.
Influence of Micronutrient Managment on Growth and Yield Attributes in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) CV. PRG176] in Kalahandi District of Odisha
Authors: Malik H. N. , Naik U. , Sahoo U. , Panda A. , Phonglosa A. , Bhattacharya R. , Rahman F. H.
Published: May 2021

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) is grown worldwide for its protein-rich seed. However, low availability of soil boron adversely affects the seed yield of pigeon pea. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the Influence of micronutrients mainly boron on crop growth and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)  cv. PRG176. Field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field, Pipalpada and Boria of district Kalahandi of Odisha state. Boron as boric acid at 200, 300 and 400 ppm was given as foliar spray with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha and plant height, growth rates and  yield attributes were estimated. The results revealed that combined application of 100% RDF, ZnSO4 (25 kg/ha) and Boron (300 ppm) recorded the highest plant height (324.84 cm) at 180 days after sowing (DAS), highest dry matter accumulation (759.30g/m2) at 180 DAS and best crop growth rate (6.65 g/m2/day) during 90-180 DAS and highest relative growth rate (0.052 g/m2/day) during 30-90 DAS. Similarly these combination of treatment resulted in maximum number of branches plant-1 (10.30), pods branch-1 (19.67) pods plant-1 (202.33), seeds pod-1 (3.0) and grain yield (1702.64 kg ha-1), gross return (₹102150/ha), net return (₹ 61650/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹ 2.52) in pigeon pea cv.PRG176.
Interaction System of the State and Business in the Regime of Public-Private Partnership in the Pharmaceutical Complex of the Russian Federation
Authors: Klunko Natalia S. , Lobanova Anastasia E.
Published: May 2021

The issue of interaction between the state and business in the mode of public-private partnership in the pharmaceutical complex of the Russian Federation is investigated. The concept of "state" and "business" is defined, the forms of interaction between the state and business are considered, the concept of "public-private partnership" is defined, the main features of public-private partnership in general and in the pharmaceutical complex in particular are identified, the goals and investments of partners in public-private partnership in the pharmaceutical sector, studied the prospects for the development of public-private partnership in the pharmaceutical sector of the country as a form of interaction between the state and business. The researcher also researched economic, legal and organizational partnership. One of the types of economic partnership in this area of activity is а public-private partnership. Public-private partnership in the pharmaceutical sector of the Russian Federation is а cooperation for a specified period between the state and the private sector on the basis of which, by combining the experience and expertise of the state and business, sharing financial risks and benefits, socially significant programs and projects in the pharmaceutical sector is implemented. It has been established that the subjects of interaction between business and the state in the form of public-private partnership are public and private partners, who, when participating in this type of interaction, set different goals and play different roles. It has been revealed that this type of partnership has great development prospects, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector, modernizing the health care system, improving the quality of health services delivery and access to medicines. The development of public-private partnerships as a form of interaction between the state and business in the pharmaceutical sector is an effective mechanism for the modernization of the industrial national sector.
Neurotoxic Assessment of Chronic Abuse of Pregabalin in Wistar Rats
Authors: Salem Neveen A. , Alsaedi Amani M. , Alasmari Bedor G. , Almarghalani Razan Z. , Algobe Shahad M. , Alesawy Nahd H.
Published: May 2021

Pregabalin (Lyrica) is an analog of the gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter,   approved for the treatment of epilepsy, generalized anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. The possibility for abuse and/or dependence on pregabalin has risen recently. Pregabalin is controlled in many countries including Saudi Arabia. However, unofficial use of this substance is also on the increase. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential neurotoxic effects associated with overdose prolonged pregabalin supplementation. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into Group (1) normal control received distilled water, Group (2) received pregabalin (150mg/kg), Group (3) received pregabalin (300 mg/kg), and Group (4) received pregabalin (600 mg/kg). pregabalin consumption in different doses resulted in significant dysregulation in neurotransmitter release, upsurge oxidative stress markers via enhancing lipid peroxidation and depleting antioxidant markers. Also, pregabalin doses evoked brain tissue inflammation through elevating TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1, Moreover promoted brain tissue apoptosis by activating caspase -3 and suppressed Bcl2. Pregabalin effects on the aforementioned parameters were dose-dependent. These findings could highlight the potential neurotoxic effect of prolonged abuse of pregabalin supplementation through dysregulating brain neurochemical, inflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant, and apoptotic mediators.
Development and performance assessment of an advanced Lucas‐Kanade algorithm for dose mapping of cervical cancer external radiotherapy and brachytherapy plans
Authors: Novák Václav , Ptáček Jaroslav , Fiala Petr , Vlachová Zuzana , Jašková Paulina
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of summing the dose distributions of combined radiotherapeutic treatment of cervical cancer using the extended Lucas‐Kanade algorithm for deformable image registration.

Materials and methods

First, a deformable registration of planning computed tomography images for the external radiotherapy and brachytherapy treatment of 10 patients with different parameter settings of the Lucas‐Kanade algorithm was performed. By evaluating the registered data using landmarks distance, root mean square error of Hounsfield units and 2D gamma analysis, the optimal parameter values were found. Next, with another group of 10 patients, the accuracy of the dose mapping of the optimized Lucas‐Kanade algorithm was assessed and compared with Horn‐Schunck and modified Demons algorithms using dose differences at landmarks.

Results

The best results of the Lucas‐Kanade deformable registration were achieved for two pyramid levels in combination with a window size of 3 voxels. With this registration setting, the average landmarks distance was 2.35 mm, the RMSE was the smallest and the average gamma score reached a value of 86.7%. The mean dose difference at the landmarks after mapping the external radiotherapy and brachytherapy dose distributions was 1.33 Gy. A statistically significant difference was observed on comparing the Lucas‐Kanade method with the Horn‐Schunck and Demons algorithms, where after the deformable registration, the average difference in dose was 1.60 Gy (P‐value: 0.0055) and 1.69 Gy (P‐value: 0.0012), respectively.

Conclusion

Lucas‐Kanade deformable registration can lead to a more accurate model of dose accumulation and provide a more realistic idea of the dose distribution.