bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grain size‐sensitive viscoelastic relaxation and seismic properties of polycrystalline MgO
Authors: Barnhoorn A. , Jackson I. , Fitz Gerald J. D. , Kishimoto A. , Itatani K.
Published: June 2016

Torsional forced‐oscillation experiments on a suite of synthetic MgO polycrystals, of high‐purity and average grain sizes of 1–100 µm, reveal strongly viscoelastic behavior at temperatures of 800–1300°C and periods between 1 and 1000 s. The measured shear modulus and associated strain energy dissipation both display monotonic variations with oscillation period, temperature, and grain size. The data for the specimens of intermediate grain size have been fitted to a generalized Burgers creep function model that is also broadly consistent with the results for the most coarse‐grained specimen. The mild grain size sensitivity for the relaxation time τL, defining the lower end of the anelastic absorption band, is consistent with the onset of elastically accommodated grain boundary sliding. The upper end of the anelastic absorption band, evident in the highest‐temperature data for one specimen only, is associated with the Maxwell relaxation time τM marking the transition toward viscous behavior, conventionally ascribed a stronger grain size sensitivity. Similarly pronounced viscoelastic behavior was observed in complementary torsional microcreep tests, which confirm that the nonelastic strains are mainly recoverable, i.e., anelastic. With an estimated activation volume for the viscoelastic relaxation, the experimentally constrained Burgers model has been extrapolated to the conditions of pressure and temperature prevailing in the Earth's uppermost lower mantle. For a plausible grain size of 10 mm, the predicted dissipation Q−1 ranges from ~10−3 to ~10−2 for periods of 3–3000 s. Broad consistency with seismological observations suggests that the lower mantle ferropericlase phase might account for much of its observed attenuation.
Synergistic Combination of Multistage Magnetic Guidance and Optimized Ligand Density in Targeting a Nanoplatform for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chiang Chih‐Sheng , Shen Yi‐Shang , Liu Jun‐Jen , Shyu Woei‐Cherng , Chen San‐Yuan
Published: June 2016

A new therapeutic strategy of combining multistage short‐term magnetic guidance with optimized ligand‐mediated targeting in a newly developed nanodelivery system is investigated to promote accumulation and modulate intratumoral distribution behavior of the nanocarriers for enhanced tumor therapy. The multifunctional magnetic nanocarriers (MNCs) composed of single‐component thiol‐functionalized PVA/PMASH copolymer and superparamagnetic nanoparticles are developed for providing tunable dual‐targeting ability and simultaneously modulating pH‐responsive on/off drug release. Results show that plasma doxorubicin (Dox) concentration of the mice treated with Trastuzumab (Tra)‐targeted Dox‐MNCs can be rapidly decreased by applying dual‐targeting treatment. More importantly, cooperative modulation of magnetic targeting and Tra density on the nanocarrier significantly optimize intratumoral distribution and enhance the utilization rate of nanomedicines within tumor to inhibit tumor growth. The mice treated with 2T‐Dox‐MNCs + multistage magnetic targeting (MT) (2 h d−1) show 7.63‐fold, 3.25‐fold, and 2.7‐fold reduction in HER2‐positive tumor volume compared to Dox‐MNCs, 2T‐Dox‐MNCs, and 2T‐Dox‐MNCs + single MT (12 h). The synergistic dual‐targeting approach represents a major paradigm advance in tumor treatment and nanocarrier design in preclinical application.
Lichtgetriebene Elektronenakkumulation in einer molekularen Pentade
Authors: Orazietti Margherita , Kuss‐Petermann Martin , Hamm Peter , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: June 2016

Die Akkumulation und vorübergehende Speicherung von Redox‐Äquivalenten mithilfe von sichtbarem Licht als Energiequelle ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die künstliche Photosynthese, da Schlüsselreaktionen wie die Reduktion von CO2 oder die Oxidation von Wasser die Übertragung von mehreren Ladungen bedingen. Hier wird über das erste rein molekulare System berichtet, in dem nach Anregung mit sichtbarem Licht ein langlebiger ladungsgetrennter Zustand (τ≈870 ns) mit zwei akkumulierten Elektronen auf einem geeigneten Akzeptor beobachtet werden kann. Von besonderer Bedeutung dabei ist, dass kein Opferreagens verwendet wurde.
Easy Access to Functional Patterns on Cellulose Paper by Combining Laser Printing and Material‐Specific Peptide Adsorption
Authors: Große Steffi , Wilke Patrick , Börner Hans G.
Published: June 2016

Phage display biopanning is used to identify peptides that show material‐selective adsorption, effectively distinguishing between the cellulose of paper and the printed toner of standard office laser printers. These genetically selected 12mer peptides can selectively coat either non‐printed cellulose or printed toner patterns. Furthermore, triazolindione ligation chemistry is exploited to introduce, for example, dyes or functional peptides selectively to the coatings. The strategy offers an easy access towards the patterned functionalization of paper‐based materials, which potentially is of relevance for low‐cost diagnostics or biomedical devices.
Light‐Driven Electron Accumulation in a Molecular Pentad
Authors: Orazietti Margherita , Kuss‐Petermann Martin , Hamm Peter , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: June 2016

Accumulation and temporary storage of redox equivalents with visible light as an energy input is of pivotal importance for artificial photosynthesis because key reactions, such as CO2 reduction or water oxidation, require the transfer of multiple redox equivalents. We report on the first purely molecular system, in which a long‐lived charge‐separated state (τ≈870 ns) with two electrons accumulated on a suitable acceptor unit can be observed after excitation with visible light. Importantly, no sacrificial reagents were employed.
Semi‐aromatic polyimide/Ag nanocomposite derived from vanillin
Authors: Mirzakhanian Zeinab , Faghihi Khalil , Geravi Hossein Ardeshir , Mahdieh Majid
Published: June 2016

The development of bioprecursor polyimide/Ag nanocomposites (PI/Ag NCs) is reported in this investigation. Semiaromatic bioprecursor PI was successfully synthesized through direct polycondensation reaction between aromatic diamine containing pyridine ring and aliphatic dianhydride. Aromatic diamine as a monomer was synthesized using a renewable resource, vanillin. The main attractive aspects of this PI are the renewable origin of the diamine, presence of pyridine and high aromatic rings content, as well as aliphatic content on the polymer backbone. The structure of synthesized monomer and PI were proven by FTIR, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The PI/Ag NCs containing 3, 5, and 7 wt % of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared through solution technique and the resulting NCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM results showed that the Ag NPs were dispersed homogeneously in the PI matrix on nanoscale. TGA results indicated improving in thermal properties of PI/Ag NCs compared to the neat PI due to the interaction between the PI matrix and the Ag NPs. Antibacterial activity of PI/Ag NCs was tested by the disk diffusion method using Escherichia coli as model strain of gram‐negative bacteria. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44001.
Magnetite/graphene/polyaniline composite for removal of aqueous hexavalent chromium
Authors: Harijan Dilip K. L. , Chandra Vimlesh
Published: June 2016

Here, we report the synthesis of Fe3O4/G/PANI composite containing magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4), graphene sheets (G), and polyaniline (PANI) via chemical route for removal of toxic Cr (VI) from water. TEM image shows the formation of uniformly distributed magnetite nanoparticles on graphene/PANI composite. HRTEM images shows the formation of crystalline magnetite nanoparticles showing lattice fringes with inter‐planner distance 0.21 nm. The magnetic measurement shows magnetization 22 emu/g and ferromagnetic property of the adsorbent. The equilibrium adsorptions were well‐described by the Langmuir isotherm model and shows maximum adsorption capacity 153.54 mg/g at pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C. The kinetics data well fitted by pseudo‐second‐order model and around 86% Cr (VI) removal completed within 20 min. The Cr (VI) removal capacitive decreases with increase in pH and ionic strength. The adsorbent shows leaching of iron nanoparticles at pH 1 whereas stable in solution having pH 2 and more. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44002.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide enhances saliva secretion via direct binding to PACAP receptors of major salivary glands in mice
Authors: Matoba Yuko , Nonaka Naoko , Takagi Yoshitoki , Imamura Eisaku , Narukawa Masayuki , Nakamachi Tomoya , Shioda Seiji , Banks William A. , Nakamura Masanori
Published: June 2016

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common syndrome that is generally treated with artificial saliva; however, no other effective methods have yet been established. Saliva secretion is mainly under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is recognized as a multifunctional neuropeptide in various organs. In this study, we examined the effect of PACAP on saliva secretion, and detected the distribution of the PACAP type 1 receptor (PAC1R) in major salivary glands, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, in 9‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice. Intranasal administration of PACAP 38 increased the amount of saliva secreted, which was not inhibited by atropine pretreatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PAC1R was distributed in the three major salivary glands. In the parotid and sublingual glands, PAC1R was detected in striated duct cells, whereas in the submandibular gland, a strong PAC1R immunoreaction was detected in tall columnar epithelial cells in the granular ducts (i.e., pillar cells), as well as in some striated duct cells. PACAP significantly increased the concentration of epidermal growth factor in saliva. These results suggest that PACAP directly regulates saliva secretion by controlling the absorption activity in the ducts, and that pillar cells regulate the function of granular epithelial cells in the granular duct, such as the secretion of growth factors into the saliva. Collectively, these results suggest the possibility of PACAP as a new effective treatment of xerostomia. Anat Rec, 299:1293–1299, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the design of closed recapture experiments
Authors: Alunni Fegatelli Danilo , Farcomeni Alessio
Published: June 2016

We propose a method to plan the number of occasions of recapture experiments for population size estimation. We do so by fixing the smallest number of capture occasions so that the expected length of the profile confidence interval is less than or equal to a fixed threshold. In some cases, we solve the optimization problem in closed form. For more complex models we use numerical optimization. We detail models assuming homogeneous, time‐varying, subject‐specific capture probabilities, behavioral response to capture, and combining behavioral response with subject‐specific effects. The principle we propose can be extended to plan any other model specification. We formally show the validity of the approach by proving distributional convergence. We illustrate with simulations and challenging examples in epidemiology and ecology. We report that in many cases adding as few as two sampling occasions may substantially reduce the length of confidence intervals.
No associations of a set of SNPs in the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) genes with survival of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Dan Lydia A. , Werdyani Salem , Xu Jingxiong , Shestopaloff Konstantin , Hyde Angela , Dicks Elizabeth , Younghusband Ban , Green Jane , Parfrey Patrick , Xu Wei , Savas Sevtap
Published: June 2016

In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of genetic variations within select genes functioning in angiogenesis, lymph‐angiogenesis, and metastasis pathways and the risk of outcome in colorectal cancer patients. We followed a two‐stage analysis: First, 381 polymorphisms from 30 genes (eight Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and 22 Matrix Metalloproteinase [MMP] genes) were investigated in the discovery cohort (n = 505). Then, 16 polymorphisms with the lowest P‐value in this analysis were investigated in a separate replication cohort (n = 247). Genotypes were obtained using the Illumina® HumanOmni‐1‐Quad (discovery cohort) and Sequenom MassArray® (replication cohort) platforms. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier, univariate and multivariable Cox regression methods were used to test the associations between genotypes and OS. Four SNPs (rs12365082, rs11225389, rs11225388, and rs2846707) had the univariate analysis P < 0.05 in both the discovery and replication cohorts. These SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with each other to varying extent and are located in the MMP8 and MMP27 genes. In the multivariable analysis adjusting for age, stage, and microsatellite instability status, three of these SNPs (rs12365082, rs11225389, rs11225388) were independent predictors of OS (P < 0.05) in the discovery cohort. However, the same analysis in the replication cohort did not yield statistically significant results. Overall, while the genetic variations in the VEGF and MMP genes are attractive candidates as prognostic markers, our study showed no evidence of associations of a large set of SNPs in these genes and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients in our study.
Genetic variants within microRNA‐binding site of RAD51B are associated with risk of cervical cancer in Chinese women
Authors: Hang Dong , Zhou Wen , Jia Meiqun , Wang Lihua , Zhou Jing , Yin Yin , Ma Hongxia , Hu Zhibin , Li Ni , Shen Hongbin
Published: June 2016

RAD51B plays a central role in homologous recombinational repair (HRR) of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), which is important to prevent genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Recent studies suggested that common genetic variants of RAD51B may contribute to cancer susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether potentially functional variants within miRNA‐binding sites of RAD51B are associated with risk of cervical cancer. A total of 1486 cervical cancer patients and 1536 cancer‐free controls were enrolled, and two genetic variants, rs963917 (A > G) and rs963918 (T > C), were genotyped in all participants. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found that G allele of rs963917 conferred lower risk of cervical cancer compared to A allele (adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99, P = 0.039). Similarly, rs963918 allele C was associated with a decreased risk for cervical cancer compared with allele T (adjusted OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.94, P = 0.004). Haplotype analyses showed that haplotype GC was also correlated with lower risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73–0.95, P = 0.005) compared with the most common haplotype AT. In summary, our study suggested that miRNA‐binding site genetic variants of RAD51B may modify the susceptibility to cervical cancer, which is important to identify individuals with differential risk for this malignancy and to improve the effectiveness of preventive intervention.
Anesthetic management of a patient with Edwards syndrome
Authors: Mifsud Stephanie , Bezzina Maureen , Paris Simon
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical Message

The use of suxamethonium in our case was uneventful and despite craniofacial anomalies, airway management was straightforward. This case illustrates that pediatric patients with trisomy 18, presenting with potentially acute life‐threatening conditions and requiring emergency major surgery can be managed successfully with a multidisciplinary approach.
Imaging of Fluid Dynamics in a Structured Packing Using X‐ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Schug Sebastian , Arlt Wolfgang
Published: June 2016

For the investigation of fluid dynamics from computed tomography (CT) images, an evaluation method was developed that enables data acquisition directly from the recorded CT images. A segmentation algorithm was implemented in Matlab to assign every component a specific gray value. A comparison of weight experiments with CT scans and following segmentation demonstrates the good accuracy of this method. The liquid holdup in different Mellapak 500.Y packings was determined through CT measurements and compared to predictive correlations from the literature. Three‐dimensional visualizations of short packing sections enable an evaluation of the liquid distribution and the flow morphology of the liquid in the packing. The common assumption of an evenly wetted packing surface with a constant liquid film thickness could not be proved.
Copper‐Catalyzed Perfluoroalkylthiolation of Alkynes with Perfluoroalkanesulfenamides
Authors: Tlili Anis , Alazet Sébastien , Glenadel Quentin , Billard Thierry
Published: June 2016

Copper‐catalyzed direct perfluoroalkylthiolation of alkynes by using the corresponding perfluoroalkanesulfenamide reagent is reported. The selective mono‐ and bis‐perfluoroalkylthiolation of alkynes can be conducted under very mild conditions (no base, room temperature) in very good to excellent yields. This approach, which uses a low toxicity, inexpensive copper catalyst that incorporates a commercially available ligand, is applied in the absence of any additional base. Preliminary mechanistic investigations shed some light on the nature of the unprecedented reactivity observed.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Allylic Alcohols by Catalytic Asymmetric Substitution of the OH Group with Monosubstituted Hydrazines
Authors: Yan Liang , Xu Jing‐Kun , Huang Chao‐Fan , He Zeng‐Yang , Xu Ya‐Nan , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: June 2016

A new strategy has been established for the kinetic resolution of racemic allylic alcohols through a palladium/sulfonyl‐hydrazide‐catalyzed asymmetric OH‐substitution under mild conditions. In the presence of 1 mol % [Pd(allyl)Cl]2, 4 mol % (S)‐SegPhos, and 10 mol % 2,5‐dichlorobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, a range of racemic allylic alcohols were smoothly resolved with selectivity factors of more than 400 through an asymmetric allylic alkylation of monosubstituted hydrazines under air at room temperature. Importantly, this kinetic resolution process provided various allylic alcohols and allylic hydrazine derivatives with high enantiopurity.
Synthesis of Aza‐Rocaglates via ESIPT‐Mediated (3+2) Photocycloaddition
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Cencic Regina , Whitesell Luke , Pelletier Jerry , Porco John A.
Published: June 2016

Synthesis of aza‐rocaglates, nitrogen‐containing analogues of the rocaglate natural products, is reported. The route features ESIPT‐mediated (3+2) photocycloaddition of 1‐alkyl‐2‐aryl‐3‐hydroxyquinolinones with the dipolarophile methyl cinnamate. A continuous photoflow reactor was utilized for photocycloadditions. An array of compounds bearing the hexahydrocyclopenta[b]indole core structure was synthesized and evaluated in translation inhibition assays.
Concurrent Covalent and Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Hou Xisen , Ke Chenfeng , Zhou Yu , Xie Zhuang , Alngadh Ahmed , Keane Denis T. , Nassar Majed S. , Botros Youssry Y. , Mirkin Chad A. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: June 2016

Covalent and supramolecular polymerizations, both of which offer their own unique advantages, have emerged as popular strategies for making artificial materials. Herein, we describe a concurrent covalent and supramolecular polymerization strategy—namely, one which utilizes 1) a bis‐azide‐functionalized diazaperopyrenium dication that undergoes polymeriation covalently with a bis‐alkyne‐functionalized biphenyl derivative in one dimension as a result of a rapid and efficient β‐cyclodextrin(CD)‐accelerated, cucurbit[6]uril(CB)‐templated azide–alkyne cycloaddition, while 2) the aromatic core of the dication is able to dimerize in a criss‐cross fashion by dint of π–π interactions, enabling simultaneous supramolecular assembly, resulting in an extended polymer network in an orthogonal dimension.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Non‐Centrosymmetric Na2M2M′S6 (M, M′: Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Zn, Cd) Sulfides.
Authors: Yohannan Jinu P. , Vidyasagar Kanamaluru
Published: June 2016

Na2Sn2ZnS6 (I), Na2Ga2GeS6 (II), Na2Ga2SnS6 (III), Na2Ga2SnS6 (IV), Na2Ge2ZnS6 (V), Na2Ge2CdS6 (VI), Na2In2SiS6 (VII), and Na2In2GeS6 (VIII) are prepared by solid state reactions, e.g. for (I) by the use of stoichiometric mixtures of Na2CO3, ZnS, and SnS in a continuous CS2 gas stream (Al2O3 boat in ceramic tube, 550 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb2MnTeO6 Double Perovskite: An Antipolar anti‐Ferromagnet.
Authors: Greenblatt Martha , et al.
Published: June 2016

Pb2MnTeO6 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of PbO, MnCO3, and TeO2 in flowing O2 (1073 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Mo2C as Non‐Noble Metal Co‐Catalyst in Mo2C/CdS Composite for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Ma Baojun , Xu Haojie , Lin Keying , Li Jie , Zhan Haijuan , Liu Wanyi , Li Can
Published: June 2016

Mo2C is prepared by calcination of a dried solution of H2MoO4 in 5M aqueous NH3 (500 °C, 5 h) followed by thermal reduction in a 4:1 H2/CH4 atmosphere (700—800 °C, 5 h) and subsequent passivation in a 1% O2/N2 stream (12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Containing Polyoxometalates: syn‐ and anti‐[PtII2 (α‐PW11O39)2]10‐ and Formation of the Metal—Metal‐Bonded Di‐PtIII Derivatives.
Authors: Kortz Ulrich , et al.
Published: June 2016

The two isomeric compounds K1.5(Me2NH2)8.5 [anti‐PtII2 (α‐PW11O39)2]·28H2O (I) and K1.5(Me2NH2)8.5 [syn‐PtII2 (α‐PW11O39)2]·18H2O (II) are obtained from an aqueous mixture of K7[α‐PW11O39], K2PtCl4, and HCl (pH 4.0, 80 °C, 18—20 h) followed by addition of Me2NH2Cl (15 and 5% yield for (I) and (II), respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Pyrrolidine‐Based α/β‐Peptides Incorporating ABOC, a Constrained Bicyclic β‐Amino Acid, for Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Catalysis.
Authors: Milbeo Pierre , Maurent Kelly , Moulat Laure , Lebrun Aurelien , Didierjean Claude , Aubert Emmanuel , Martinez Jean , Calmes Monique
Published: June 2016

Catalytic properties of 15 N‐pyrrolidine‐based α,β‐peptides incorporating a constrained 2‐aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane carboxylic acid (ABOC) are evaluated in the asymmetric aldol reaction from acetone and some p‐substituted benzaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Piano‐Stool Benzothiazol‐2‐ylidene Ru(II) Complexes for Effective Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyls.
Authors: Oruc Zeynep Ipek , Goek Luetfiye , Tuerkmen Hayati , Sahin Onur , Bueyuekguengoer Orhan , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: June 2016

Eleven benzothiazole‐based Ru‐NHC complexes with a variety of alkyl chain or benzyl substituents on the benzothiazole N atom are prepared and tested as catalysts in transfer hydrogenation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Aminonaphthalenes via Copper‐Catalyzed Aminobenzannulation of (o‐Alkynyl)arylketones with Amines.
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Ruan Wenqing , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Li Weiwei , Wen Ting‐Bin
Published: June 2016

This facile aminobenzannulation reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is extended to the synthesis of benzothiophene and terphenyl derivatives (VII) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Fe3O4@SiO2@Carbapalladacycle: A Highly Efficient and Magnetically Separable Catalyst for C—C Coupling Reactions in Ionic Liquid Media.
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Vasundhara
Published: June 2016

A novel, magnetically separable, nanosized carbapalladacycle is synthesized which shows high catalytic activity in Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling reactions in ionic ligand medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Cobalt‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Couplings of (Hetero)arylzinc Reagents with (Hetero)aryl Halides.
Authors: Haas Diana , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Lutter Ferdinand H. , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2016

This cobalt‐catalyzed, sodium formate promoted reaction enables the cross‐coupling of N‐heterocyclic chlorides and bromides as well as aromatic halogenated ketones with both electron‐rich and ‐poor arylzinc reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Insertion into Heteroatom—Hydrogen Bonds with Trifluorodiazoalkanes.
Authors: Hyde Stephen , Veliks Janis , Liegault Benoit , Grassi David , Taillefer Marc , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: June 2016

Copper‐catalyzed Si—H, B—H, P—H, S—H, and N—H insertion reactions of trifluorodiazoethane and aryltrifluorodiazoethanes generate a large collection of new fluorine‐containing chemical entities for medicinal chemists.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ugi 4‐CR and Passerini 3‐CR Adducts under Mechanochemical Activation.
Authors: Polindara‐Garcia Luis A. , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: June 2016

The title processes are carried out under High‐Speed Ball Milling (HSBM), developed for these isocyanide‐based approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed α‐Benzylation of Arylacetonitriles via C—O Activation.
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yang Jia , Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao
Published: June 2016

Various α‐benzylated arylacetonitriles are prepared under mild conditions by Ni‐catalyzed direct cross‐coupling reactions of benzylic alcohol derivatives with arylacetonitriles via C—O activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Iminonitriles from Aryl Halides via Isocyanide Double Insertion Reaction.
Authors: Chen Zhen‐Bang , Zhang Ying , Yuan Qing , Zhang Fang‐Ling , Zhu Yong‐Ming , Shen Jing‐Kang
Published: June 2016

The double isocyanide insertion to aromatic iodides utilizes isocyanides as a cyano source without the need for any oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, tert‐Butyllithium‐Mediated Dimerization of Aryl Halides and Its Application in the Atropselective Total Synthesis of Mastigophorene A.
Authors: Buter Jeffrey , Heijnen Dorus , Vila Carlos , Hornillos Valentin , Otten Edwin , Giannerini Massimo , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: June 2016

The synthetic value of this aryl‐coupling protocol is demonstrated by preparation of mastigophorene A (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Iodine(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Phenol—Arene and Phenol—Phenol Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Morimoto Koji , Sakamoto Kazuma , Ohshika Takao , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: June 2016

A hypervalent iodine(III)‐catalyzed intermolecular oxidative cross‐coupling reaction of electron‐rich aromatic compounds is achieved by using a catalytic amount of an iodoarene and an inorganic oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Annulation of Alkynes with 2‐(Cyanomethyl)phenylboronates Leading to 3,4‐Disubstituted 2‐Naphthalenamines.
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirokazu , Ikeda Taishi , Doi Takayuki
Published: June 2016

This reaction proceeds through transmetalation of the palladium(II) complex with boronates and alkyne insertion followed by nucleophilic addition of the generated alkenylpalladium(II) species to the cyano group.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu/Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Cyclic Diaryliodoniums and Alkynes — Access to Fluorenes with Conjugate Enynes/Dienes.
Authors: Liu Zhenquan , Luo Bingling , Liu Xiaomin , Hu Yumim , Wu Baojian , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: June 2016

Cyclic diaryliodonium salts are treated with about 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Paraformaldehyde Insertion: A Three‐Component Synthesis of Benzofurans.
Authors: Cheng Xiufang , Peng Yi , Wu Jun , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: June 2016

2‐Aroylbenzofurans are efficiently prepared based on an in situ formylation reaction using cheap and stable paraformaldehyde as carbon source.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective and Tunable Synthesis of 3‐Arylsuccinimides and 3‐Arylmaleimides from Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates and Maleimides.
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Hua , Chen Zhong‐Hui , An Yu‐Long , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: June 2016

Apart from broad substrate scope and good functional‐group compatibility, the method provides the selective synthesis of two classes of products by simple switching different metal reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Nicotinic Acid Derivatives Based on a Formylation Strategy of Enamino Keto Esters.
Authors: Kumar Sukeerthi , Sawant Aarti A. , Chikhale Rajendra P. , Karanjai Keya , Thomas Abraham
Published: June 2016

Treatment of enamino keto esters with DMF and phosphorous oxychloride or bromide provides nicotinic acid derivatives via a formylation/intramolecular cyclization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of CP‐99,994 by Ring‐Expanding Amination of Monosubstituted Prolinols.
Authors: Yamagiwa Noriyuki , Watanuki Sayaka , Nishina Takahiro , Suto Yutaka , Iwasaki Genji
Published: June 2016

The key step of the title synthesis is a ring‐expansion rearrangement, in which the threo‐fused monosubstituted prolinol (I) is efficiently transformed to the 2,3‐disubstituted piperidine (III) with cis‐configuration and without loss of enantiomeric purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aminoquinoline Derivatives Reduced by Zn/AcOH.
Authors: Dou Guolan , Wang Deming , Shi Daqing
Published: June 2016

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐aminoquinolines (II) (10 examples) via reductive cyclization of (o‐nitrophenyl)acrylonitriles (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Double‐Oxidative Dehydrogenative (DOD) Cyclization of Glycine Derivatives with Dioxane under Metal‐Free Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Huo Congde , Xie Haisheng , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing , Wang Yajun
Published: June 2016

Complex quinoline motifs are obtained by a novel CBr4‐promoted double‐oxidative dehydrogenative cyclization/acidic ring opening/aromatization tandem reaction of N‐arylated glycine derivatives with dioxane.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐TiO2 as an Efficient Catalyst for Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael‐Cyclocondensation Reaction of Dimedone with Aromatic Aldehydes and Ammonium Acetate or Aromatic Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza , Mohammadi Zahra , Khakyzadeh Vahid , Afsar Javad
Published: June 2016

1,8‐Dioxodecahydroacridines are furnished under mild and solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroindeno[2′,1′,3,4]pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Manouchehri Arezoo Lazar , Mirzaei Anvar , Yavari Issa
Published: June 2016

by one‐pot four‐component reaction of isoquinoline and alkyl propynoates with two equivalents indanedione
ChemInform Abstract: A Cascade Reaction for the New and Direct Synthesis of Indolofuroquinoxalines.
Authors: Nikumbh Satish P. , Raghunadh Akula , Rao T. Srinivasa , Murthy V. Narayana , Joseph Suju C. , Murthy Y. L. N. , Pal Manojit
Published: June 2016

The new one‐pot method is found to be general and greener as it avoids the use of environmentally harmful POCl3 and strong alkali required for the previously reported method.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides Catalyzed by Scandium(III)‐inda‐Pybox.
Authors: Du Peng , Zhou Haifeng , Sui Yuebo , Liu Qixing , Zou Kun
Published: June 2016

Optimized conditions using the optically active ligand PBL allow the approach to the title structure as scaffold of biological and pharmaceutical components.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of Michael Addition of P(X)—H‐Type Nucleophiles to Cyclohexen‐1‐ylphosphine Oxide: The Case of Base‐Selective Transformation.
Authors: Jaklinska Magdalena , Cordier Marie , Stankevic Marek
Published: June 2016

The base promoted Michael addition of diarylphosphine oxide nucleophiles to different unsaturated phosphine oxides is investigated to give different bis‐phosphoryl substituted cyclohexanes or cyclohexenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triazepineselone Derivatives from Acyl Isoselenocyanates and Benzene‐1,2‐diamine.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Mosaferi Shabnam
Published: June 2016

Acyl isoselenocyanates generated from a range of acyl chlorides and KSeCN are trapped by benzene1,2‐diamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Retigerane‐Type Sesterterpenoids from the Lichen Leprocaulon microscopicum.
Authors: Millot Marion , Martin‐de‐Lassalle Marie , Chollet‐Krugler Marylene , Champavier Yves , Mambu Lengo , Chulia Jose‐Albert , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth
Published: June 2016

Two new compounds (I) and (II) are isolated, possessing a rare pentacyclic carbon skeleton typical for lichen metabolism, and quite unusual in the vegetal kingdom.
ChemInform Abstract: Calocephalactone: A New Phthalide Derivative from the Root of Leontopodium calocephalum.
Authors: Shen Tong , Liu Xiao Bin , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2016

A new phthalide, named calocephalactone (I) is isolated and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of Magnetoelectric Gallium Ferrite: A Brief Review
Authors: Roy Amritendu , Mukherjee Somdutta , Gupta Rajeev , Prasad Rajendra , Garg Ashish
Published: June 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclometalated Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes: A Powerful Family of Z ‐Selective Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Marx Vanessa M. , Rosebrugh Lauren E. , Herbert Myles B. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: June 2016

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalization of Alkynes
Authors: Suess Alison M. , Lalic Gojko
Published: June 2016

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes and Catalysis of Selected Organic Transformations
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Doris Eric
Published: June 2016

Review: [19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances Toward the Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐Lactams
Authors: Rivas Fatima , Ling Taotao
Published: June 2016

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of Product Properties and Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters
Authors: Kan Tao , Strezov Vladimir , Evans Tim J.
Published: June 2016

Review: 266 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Sulfuric Acid and Related Solid‐Supported Catalysts as Versatile Materials for Greener Organic Synthesis
Authors: Gawande Manoj B. , Hosseinpour Reza , Luque Rafael
Published: June 2016

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncovalent Interactions in Organocatalysis and the Prospect of Computational Catalyst Design
Authors: Wheeler Steven E. , Seguin Trevor J. , Guan Yanfei , Doney Analise C.
Published: June 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Binding Energies in Supramolecular Complexes
Authors: Biedermann Frank , Schneider Hans‐Joerg
Published: June 2016

Review: 764 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Theoretical Determination of Dissociation Energies of Dispersion‐Dominated Aromatic Molecular Complexes
Authors: Frey Jann A. , Holzer Christof , Klopper Wim , Leutwyler Samuel
Published: June 2016

Review: 305 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Latest Three‐Stage Development of Nanomedicines Based on Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Fan Wenpei , Bu Wenbo , Shi Jianlin
Published: June 2016

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Cell/Stack Designs for High Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Timurkutluk Bora , Timurkutluk Cigdem , Mat Mahmut D. , Kaplan Yuksel
Published: June 2016

Review: 218 refs.
Kamlet–Taft Solvation Parameters of Solvate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dolan Dr Andrew , Sherman Dylan A. , Atkin Rob , Warr Gregory G.
Published: June 2016

The Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters of solvate ionic liquids (SILs) prepared from lithium salts with glyme and glycol ligands are determined. The dipolarity/polarisibilities (π*) are high, similar to those found in conventional ionic liquids. The H‐bond basicities (β) depend strongly on the anion. The H‐bond acidities (α) are high in both glyme and glycol SILs, indicating that the lithium is acting as a H‐bond donor site. “Poor” SILs have glyme‐rich and salt‐rich regions. In these liquids the π* and β values are almost identical to the parent glyme or glycol, and the α values are determined by the salt alone.
Ag‐CNT Architectures for Attomolar Dopamine Detection and 100‐Fold Fluorescence Enhancements with Cellphone‐Based Surface Plasmon‐Coupled Emission Platform
Authors: Badiya Pradeep Kumar , Srinivasan Venkatesh , Jayakumar Tejkiran Pindi , Ramamurthy Sai Sathish
Published: June 2016

We report cellphone‐based detection of dopamine with attomolar sensitivity in clinical samples with the use of a surface plasmon‐coupled emission (SPCE) platform. To this end, silver‐coated carbon nanotubes were used as spacer and cavity materials on SPCE substrates to obtain up to 100‐fold fluorescence enhancements. The presence of silver on the carbon nanotubes helped to overcome fluorescence quenching arising due to π–π interactions between the carbon nanotube and rhodamine 6G. The competing adsorption of dopamine versus rhodamine 6G on graphene oxide was utilized to develop this sensing platform.
Long‐Time Evolution of a Low Pressure Laboratory Plasma after Application of Transient high Voltage Positive Pulses
Authors: Choudhary M. , Kar S. , Mukherjee S.
Published: June 2016

The long‐time evolution of weakly‐collisional plasma with application of high voltage positive pulses to an electrode immersed in plasma, with pulse widths less than as well as more than ion plasma periods, is studied. The plasma is produced by electron impact ionization of argon or helium gas, where electrons are coming out from dc biased hot thoriated tungsten filaments. It is observed that during the temporal evolution of argon plasma, a beam component exists along with temporal bulk electrons giving rise to a double hump profile of transient Electron Distribution Function (EDF). However, in the case of temporal evolution of helium plasma, only a bulk electron population is present. The obtained results are explained by understanding the role played by thermionically emitted electrons during the plasma evolution, the role of the difference of ionization rates of helium and argon, and the higher temporal plasma potential. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Control of High Power Pulsed Magnetron Discharge by Monitoring the Current Voltage Characteristics
Authors: von Keudell A. , Hecimovic A. , Maszl C.
Published: June 2016

Discharge current voltage (IV) curves are directly measured at the target of a high impulse power magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) plasma for the target materials aluminium, chromium, titanium and copper. These discharge IV curves have been correlated with ICCD camera images of the plasma torus. A clear connection between the change in the discharge IV curve slopes at specific currents and the appearance of localized ionization zones, so‐called spokes, in a HiPIMS plasma is identified. These spokes appear above typical target current densities of 2 A/cm2. The slope of the discharge IV curves, at current densities when spokes are formed, depends on the mass of the target atoms with a higher plasma conductivity for higher mass target materials. This is explained by the momentum transfer from the sputter wind to the argon background gas, which leads to higher plasma densities for heavier target materials. The change in the VI curve slope can be used to identify the spokes regime for HiPIMS plasmas, as being mandatory for deposition of good quality materials by HiPIMS. Consequently, the discharge IV curve slope monitoring can be regarded an essential control approach of any industrial HiPIMS process, where discharge IV curves are much easier accessible compared to more complex diagnostics such as time and space resolved ICCD camera measurements. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a Drift‐Kinetic Simulation Code for Estimating Collisional Transport Affected by RMPs and Radial Electric Field
Authors: Kanno R. , Nunami M. , Satake S. , Matsuoka S. , Takamaru H.
Published: June 2016

A drift‐kinetic 8f simulation code is developed for estimating collisional transport in quasi‐steady state of toroidal plasma affected by resonant magnetic perturbations and radial electric field. In this paper, validity of the code is confirmed through several test calculations. It is found that radial electron flux is reduced by positive radial‐electric field, although radial diffusion of electron is strongly affected by chaotic field‐lines under an assumption of zero electric field. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The utility of cellient cell blocks in low‐cellularity thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Horton Michelle , Been Laura , Starling Cherry , Traweek S. Thomas
Published: June 2016

Background

Low cellularity can be problematic in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. The Cellient cell block (CB) system has been reported to improve cell recovery compared to traditional methods. Therefore, we studied the utility of Cellient CBs in the evaluation of thyroid FNAs, with an emphasis on low‐cellularity specimens.

Methods

ThinPrep slides were prepared from thyroid FNAs submitted in Cytolyt. After assessment using TBSRTC criteria, Cellient CBs were requested on samples with residual FNA material and an initial cytologic impression of non‐diagnostic, AUS/FLUS, and on apparently benign samples with marginally adequate cellularity. The contribution of the CB findings to the final diagnosis was assessed.

Results

965 cases of paired ThinPrep and CB sections were examined. Overall, the cell block findings resulted in a change of the initial ThinPrep impression in 15% (n = 148) of cases. The vast majority of these changed cases were initially inadequate for interpretation, and specifically, 31% (n = 123) of the non‐diagnostic ThinPrep samples became diagnostic with a CB. The cell block findings contributed to a change in diagnosis in 8% (n = 23) of AUS/FLUS cases, and in less than 1% of low‐cellularity benign samples.

Conclusion

The use of CBs in low‐cellularity thyroid FNAs has not been well described. In this study, we found that the contribution of CBs in this setting varied by TBSRTC category. Specifically, the samples that benefited most were initially non‐diagnostic specimens and select cases of AUS/FLUS, while low‐cellularity benign samples gained very little additional information. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:737–741. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicted rainfall changes disrupt trophic interactions in a tropical aquatic ecosystem
Authors: Pires Aliny P. F. , Marino Nicholas A. C. , Srivastava Diane S. , Farjalla Vinicius F.
Published: June 2016

Changes in the distribution of rainfall and the occurrence of extreme rain events will alter the size and persistence of aquatic ecosystems. Such alterations may affect the structure of local aquatic communities in terms of species composition, and by altering species interactions. In many aquatic ecosystems, leaf litter sustains detrital food webs and could regulate the responses of communities to changes in rainfall. Few empirical studies have focused on how rainfall changes will affect aquatic communities and none have evaluated if basal resource diversity can increase resistance to such rainfall effects. In this study, we used water‐holding terrestrial bromeliads, a tropical aquatic ecosystem, to test how predicted rainfall changes and litter diversity may affect community composition and trophic interactions. We used structural equation modeling to investigate the combined effects of rainfall changes and litter diversity on trophic interactions. We demonstrated that changes in rainfall disrupted trophic relationships, even though there were only minor direct effects on species abundance, richness, and community composition. Litter diversity was not able to reduce the impact of changes in rainfall on trophic interactions. We suggest that changes in rainfall can alter the way in which species interact with each other, decreasing the linkages among trophic groups. Such reductions in biotic interactions under climate change will have critical consequences for the functioning of tropical aquatic ecosystems.
Hauser–Kraus Annulation of Phthalides with Nitroalkenes for the Synthesis of Fused and Spiro Heterocycles
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Satam Nishikant , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: June 2016

Hauser–Kraus annulation of sulfonylphthalides with simple conjugated nitroalkenes follows the expected pathway to furnish naphthoquinones in moderate yields. However, a strategic variation of this reaction by employing nitroalkenes bearing an additional nucleophilic site results in [4+4] annulation leading to complex fused and spiro heterocycles in high yields with high selectivity through a cascade process involving Michael addition, Dieckmann cyclization, and a series of eliminations and rearrangements.
Epigenome‐wide DNA methylation analysis implicates neuronal and inflammatory signaling pathways in adult murine hepatic tumorigenesis following perinatal exposure to bisphenol A
Authors: Weinhouse Caren , Sartor Maureen A. , Faulk Christopher , Anderson Olivia S. , Sant Karilyn E. , Harris Craig , Dolinoy Dana C.
Published: June 2016

Developmental exposure to the endocrine‐active compound bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to epigenotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects in rodent liver, prostate, and mammary glands. A dose‐dependent increase in hepatic tumors in 10‐month mice perinatally exposed to one of three doses of BPA (50 ng, 50 µg, or 50 mg BPA/kg chow) was previously reported. These tumors represent early‐onset disease and lack classical sexual dimorphism in incidence. Here, adult epigenome‐wide liver DNA methylation profiles to identify gene promoters associated with perinatal BPA exposure and disease in 10‐month mice with and without liver tumors were investigated. Mice with hepatic tumors showed 12,822 (1.8%) probes with differential methylation as compared with non‐tumor animals, of which 8,656 (67.5%) were hypomethylated. A significant enrichment of differential methylation in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and biological processes related to morphogenesis and development, and epigenomic alteration were observed. Pathway enrichment revealed a predominance of hypermethylated neuronal signaling pathways linked to energy regulation and metabolic function, supporting metabolic consequences in the liver via BPA‐induced disruption of neuronal signaling pathways. Hypothesis‐driven pathway analysis revealed mouse and human genes linked to BPA exposure related to intracellular Jak/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings are indicators of the relevance of the hepatic tumor phenotype seen in BPA‐exposed mice to human health. This work demonstrated that epigenome‐wide discovery experiments in animal models were effective tools for identification and understanding of paralagous epimutations salient to human disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:435–446, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Be aware of the higher education bubble in the United States
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: June 2016

Many higher education administrators in the United States are still in denial that the higher education landscape has changed and what worked in the past will no longer be sufficient to meet the needs of future generations of students.