bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation of Jinwei Decoction for Enhancement of Glucocorticoid Anti-Inflammatory Effect in COPD through miR-155-5p
Authors: Wu Jian-Jun , Zhang Ping-An , Chen Ming-Zhe , Du Wei-Sha , Zhang Yi , Jiao Yang , Li Xin
Published: April 2024

Background:

Jinwei decoction can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoid
(GC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by restoring the activity of human
histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2). However the upstream mechanism of Jinwei decoction on
HDAC2 expression is not clear.

Objective:

To explore the target of Jinwei decoction to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of
GC on COPD through microRNA155-5p (miR-155-5p) by network pharmacology and experimental
verification.

Methods:

The TCMSP database was used to screen active ingredients and target genes of Jinwei
decoction, and miRWalk2.0 was used to predict downstream target genes of miR-155-5p.
COPD-related genes were identified by searching GeneCards, Grugbank and OMIM databases;
Venny 2.1 was used to screen intersection genes; Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of intersection genes were analyzed by R software.
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to identify core
genes. Finally, interactions between main compounds and potential targets were verified by molecular
docking. A COPD cell model was established by 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-
induced bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B), and the results of network pharmacology were
verified by in vitro experiments.

Results:

Two hundred thirty-one active ingredients, 352 Jinwei decoction drug targets, 5949
miR-155-5p target genes, 8286 COPD target genes, and 127 intersection genes were identified.
Twelve core proteins of PPI networks may be involved. GO enrichment analysis showed that
regulation of membrane potential， response to steroid hormone, and histone modification were
involved; KEGG pathway enrichment analysis concentrated in the PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK), HIF-1, and other signaling pathways. The molecular docking results
showed that quercetin, luteolin and stigmasterol have higher affinity with PTGS2, HIF1A and
AKT1. The results of cell experiments revealed that Jinwei decoction not only enhances the anti-
inflammatory effect of GC in the COPD cell model but also reverses the high expression of
miR-155-5p、PI3k、Akt, and low expression of HDAC2, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory
response of COPD.

Conclusion:

Jinwei decoction can regulate HDAC2 activity and enhance the anti-inflammatory
effect of GC on COPD by modulating miR-155-5p. Its mechanism of action may be related to
its effect on the PI3K-Akt through miR-155-5p.
The Protective Effects of Modified Dachaihu Decoction against
LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury via Modulating PI3K/Akt Signalling Pathway
Authors: Li Jincan , Huang Jiechun , Ai Gaoxiang , Zheng Xiaohong , Chen Baoyi , Gong Shiting , Lu Xiaowei , Su Ziren , Chen Jiannan , Xie Qingfeng , Li Yucui , Yan Fang
Published: April 2024

Background:

Modified Dachaihu decoction (MDD) is a herbal prescription that has
shown promising therapeutic benefits in ameliorating pulmonary diseases in clinical practice.
However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to elucidate the lung-protective effects of MDD against acute lung
injury (ALI) and the involvement of underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to identify the main
active ingredients of MDD. Network pharmacological method was adapted to explore the potential
mechanisms. Mice were orally administered MDD (11.25, 22.5, and 45 g/kg) once daily for
7 days. H&E staining was performed to evaluate histological changes in the lungs. Levels of inflammatory
cytokines and oxidative stress markers were measured to determine the extent of
lung injury. Total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung wet/dry
weight ratio were measured to assess the severity of pulmonary edema. TUNEL staining and
immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to detect apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blotting
were performed to validate the mechanisms involved.

Results:

About 10 main active ingredients of MDD were identified. Notably, treatment with
MDD resulted in a remarkable reduction in total protein content in BALF and lung W/D weight
ratio, as well as substantial mitigation of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Mechanistically,
the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway was activated. Moreover, MDD pretreatment
downregulated p53 and caspase-9 mRNA expression and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to ameliorate
lung apoptosis.

Conclusions:

MDD exhibited pronounced therapeutic effects via attenuating inflammatory response,
oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These therapeutic effects could be attributed to the synergistic
effect of the main active ingredients and are believed to be associated with the activation
of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Nutriose, a Dextrin-based Natural Polysaccharide Polymer with Beneficial
Activities as a Candidate for Future Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: Ghosh Debaprasad , Jain Anushka , Tyagi Mansi , Katiyar Deepti , Mittal Ashu
Published: April 2024

Nutriose is a dextrin-based soluble fiber prepared from starch. Cereals such as maize,
wheat, and barley are the primary sources of nutrients for commercial production. Nutriose is
resistant to digestion by human enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. It is mostly undamaged
when it enters the colon after traveling through the digestive tract, where it generates shortchain
fatty acids (SCFAs) as byproducts. These SCFAs, which include butyrate, propionate, and
acetate, have a number of health advantages. They foster an environment in the colon that is advantageous
for gut health-promoting bacteria like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Nutriose fermentation
leads to a more balanced composition of the gut microbiota, which may have advantages
for the immune system, better digestion, and increased nutrient absorption. As a result,
nutriose is currently being utilized as a prebiotic. Several publications have previously demonstrated
the impact of nutriose on stimulating gut mucosal immunity and boosting colonic fermentation
and excretion in rats. Nanoformulations and nutrisomes have already been prepared
and evaluated in recent years. A novel nutriose-based polymeric coating mix has already been
tested as a potential colon-targeting material. As a natural polysaccharide, nutriose’s possible
uses in pharmaceuticals may increase in the near future. The purpose of this study is to critically
analyze existing data to determine the potential of nutriose as a natural polymer for various drug
delivery systems.
Gegen Qinlian Decoction Modulates Atherosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism Through Cellular Interplay and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Zhou Yu , Lv Qin , Gao Kun , Li Zhiguo , Miao Qing , Shen Li
Published: April 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate Gegen Qinlian decoction
(GQD) effects on lipid metabolism and explore its mechanism for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

Methods:

An atherosclerotic rat model was established;, and after an 8-week high-fat diet, atherosclerosis
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were assessed. Subsequently, GQD was administered
at low and high doses. Histopathological aortic wall changes, hepatic lipid deposition,
and blood lipid changes were evaluated. ELISA indicated the influence of TNF-α and IL-13, and
Western blotting revealed MerTK, ABCA1, and LXR-α expression. A foam macrophage model
was established, and Cell activity was detected by the MTT method. ELISA indicated the influence
of PPAR-γ. The expression of ABCA1, ABCA7, ABCG1, GAS6, MerTK, SCARB1, LXR-
α and LXR-β mRNA were detected by qPCR， and Western blotting revealed MerTK and
LXR-α expression. The impact of drug-containing serum of GQD on efferocytosis-related factors
was studied.

Results:

GQD improved atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and reduced serum
low-density lipoprotein levels in the high-dose group. The high- and low-dose groups showed
upregulated ABCA1, MerTK, and LXR-α expression in blood vessels and the liver, respectively.
GQD decreased serum TNF-α and increased IL-13 levels. PPAR-γ expression was elevated in
the high-, and low-dose groups. In the high-and low-dose groups, ABCA7, GAS6, SCARB1,
and LXR-α, ABCA1 and MerTK, and ABCG1 gene expression were upregulated, respectively.
Both low- and high-dose serum-containing drugs promoted LXR-β gene expression, and LXR-α
protein expression was improved in the high-dose group.

Conclusion:

GQD improves rat atherosclerosis and hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating
PPAR-γ, LXR-α, LXR-β, ABCA1, ABCA7, and ABCG1 expression and augmenting cellular
intercalation through the GAS6/TAM pathway
Advances in Aerosol Formulation for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents from Nose to Brain
Authors: Verma Shristy , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha
Published: April 2024

The intricate anatomical and physiological barriers that prohibit pharmaceuticals from
entering the brain continue to provide a noteworthy hurdle to the efficient distribution of medications
to brain tissues. These barriers prevent the movement of active therapeutic agents into the
brain. The present manuscript aims to describe the various aspects of brain-targeted drug delivery
through the nasal route. The primary transport mechanism for drug absorption from the nose to
the brain is the paracellular/extracellular mechanism, which allows for rapid drug transfer. The
transcellular/intracellular pathway involves the transfer across a lipoidal channel, which regulates
the entry or exit of anions, organic cations, and peptides. Spectroscopy and PET (positron emission
tomography) are two common methods used for assessing drug distribution. MRI (Magnetic
resonance imaging) is another imaging method used to assess the efficacy of aerosol drug delivery
from nose to brain. It can identify emphysema, drug-induced harm, mucus discharge, oedema, and
vascular remodeling. The olfactory epithelium's position in the nasal cavity makes it difficult for
drugs to reach the desired target. Bi-directional aerosol systems and tools like the “OptiNose” can
help decrease extranasal particle deposition and increase particle deposition efficiency in the primary
nasal pathway. Direct medicine administration from N-T-B, however, can reduce the dose
administered and make it easier to attain an effective concentration at the site of activity, and it
has the potential to be commercialized.
Food-derived Peptides as Promising Neuroprotective Agents: Mechanism
and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Patel Kavita , Mani Ashutosh
Published: April 2024

Many food-derived peptides have the potential to improve brain health and slow down
neurodegeneration. Peptides are produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from different
food sources. These peptides have been shown to be involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
activity, neuro-transmission modulation, and gene expression regulation. Although few peptides
directly affect chromatin remodeling and histone alterations, others indirectly affect the neuroprotection
process by interfering with epigenetic changes. Fish-derived peptides have shown
neuroprotective properties that reduce oxidative stress and improve motor dysfunction in Parkinson's
disease models. Peptides from milk and eggs have been found to have anti-inflammatory
properties that reduce inflammation and improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models.
These peptides are potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, but more study is required
to assess their efficacy and the underlying neuroprotective benefits. Consequently, this review
concentrated on each mechanism of action used by food-derived peptides that have neuroprotective
advantages and applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This article highlights
various pathways, such as inflammatory pathways, major oxidant pathways, apoptotic pathways,
neurotransmitter modulation, and gene regulation through which food-derived peptides interact at
the cellular level.
Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Thieno[3,2-e]indazole Derivatives
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Mikhail Ibram Refat , Gamaan Marwa Soliman , Alwan Ensaf S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Although indazole derivatives are rare and may not be available easily in
nature, there are many reports demonstrating their pharmaceutical and other applications.

Objective:

This study aimed to synthesize new indazole derivatives and evaluate their antiproliferative
activity to produce new anti-cancer agents.

Methods:

Compounds 3a-c were synthesized through the reaction. The 2-aryllidenecyclohexane-1,3-
dione derivatives 3a-c were obtained through the reaction of cyclohexane-1,3-dione with aromatic
aldehydes used for the synthesis of thieno-[3,2-e]indazole derivatives. These derivatives were characterized
by extensive analytical and spectral studies and were further used as starting materials for
some heterocyclic transformations to produce biologically active compounds. The antiproliferative
activities of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated against the six cancer cell lines, A549,
HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, SMMC-7721, and H460. Most of the tested compounds exhibited high
cytotoxicity except a few compounds.

Results:

In this study, new compounds were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated toward the
selected six cancer cell lines. All tested compounds displayed potent c-Met enzymatic activity with
IC50 values ranging from 0.25 to 10.30 nM and potent prostate PC-3 cell line inhibition with IC50
values ranging from 0.17 to 9.31 μM.

Conclusion:

The results obtained in this work demonstrated that the variations in substituents within
the aryl moiety, together with the attached heterocyclic ring, have a notable influence on the antiproliferative
activity. The results obtained in this work encourage further work in the future.
A Linear and Nonlinear QSAR Analysis of Benzimidazole Derivative XY123 in Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2024

Background:

Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) represents a
critical challenge in current prostate cancer treatment. Benzimidazole Derivative XY123 has
emerged as a novel inhibitor for its treatment.

Objective:

This study aims to establish a robust Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)
model for predicting the activity of Benzimidazole Derivative XY123 derivatives, aiding the development
of novel anti-prostate cancer drugs.

Methods:

Utilizing CODESSA software, descriptors were computed based on various moieties of
Benzimidazole Derivative XY123 derivatives. Multiple linear regression models were constructed,
and both linear and nonlinear QSAR models were developed using heuristics and gene expression
programming.

Results:

The linear model with two descriptors demonstrated the best predictive capacity for inhibitor
activity, while the nonlinear model generated through Gene Expression Programming (GEP)
exhibited correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.82 for the training and test sets, respectively. The
average errors were 0.03 and 0.05, indicating the stability and the improved predictive ability of the
nonlinear model.

Conclusion:

The QSAR linear model has an advantage over the nonlinear model in optimizing Benzimidazole
Derivative XY123, providing a direction for the development of effective drugs for
mCRPC treatment.
Bronchial Asthma and Mucociliary Clearance - A Bidirectional Relationship
Authors: Oppova Daša , Bánovčin Peter , Ďurdík Peter , Babničová Michaela , Jeseňák Miloš
Published: April 2024

:

The integrity of the airway epithelium plays an important role in the defence against
pathogens and various immunogenic stimuli from the external environment. Properly functioning
mucociliary clearance is an indispensable part of the respiratory system defence and it relies on adequate
viscoelastic properties of mucus, as well as the intact function of a significant number of
healthy ciliated cells. The movement of the cilia can be affected by many endogenous and exogenous
factors. Complex mucociliary clearance dysfunction can be seen as a part of the respiratory
system inflammation. Bronchial asthma is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the
respiratory system. It is characterised by structural and functional changes in the airways. The last
decades of bronchial asthma research point to asthmatic inflammation as the cause of airway remodelling
with subsequent impairment of mucociliary transport function.
Changes in the respiratory epithelium in patients with bronchial asthma include hypertrophy of secretory
cells, overproduction of mucus, increase in mucus viscosity, decline of ciliated cells, decrease
of ciliary beat frequency, and more. Cytokines of T2-high type of asthmatic inflammation,
such as interleukin IL-13 and IL-4, have been shown to contribute to these changes in the airway
epithelium significantly. There is strong evidence of cytokine-induced overexpression of important
transcription factors, which results in hyper- and metaplasia of secretory cells and also transdifferentiation
of ciliary cells. Impaired mucociliary clearance increases the risk of airway infection
and contributes to the worsening of bronchial asthma control.
Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis Strategy-Based Stability Indicating RP-HPLC-PDA Method Development and Validation of Toremifene
Authors: Khan Shamshir , Ahmad Makhmur , Ullah Zabih , Hashmi Sana , Ali Md Sajid , Hudda Sharwan
Published: April 2024

Background:

The purpose of this research is to develop an analytical method
and validate it according to ICH guidelines for the estimation of Toremifene by RP-HPLC-PDA
with molecular docking and ADMET analysis. From molecular docking, it came to know
the receptor affinity specifically to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are responsible
for cancer therapy. ADMET analyses secure its therapeutic potential as well safety of the
drug.

background:

By performing Molecular docking analyses the precise interaction with target proteins have been confirmed, while ADMET assessments have unveiled its pharmacokinetic attributes and anticipated toxicity profile of drug.

Methods:

An isocratic method has developed by RP-HPLC-PDA (AGILENT 1100) with symmetry
of 100 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 μm particle size C18 column and optimise mobile phase is
methanol: 0.1% OPA (orthophosphoric acid) water ratio of 43:57% v/v. Under different conditions
like acidic, alkaline, oxidative, and neutral environments, toremifene was tested for degradation.

objective:

Quantification of Toremifene by RP-HPLC-PDA analytical with Molecular docking approach

Results:

The developed method is validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. A calibration
curve with an r2 value of 0.9987 has been prepared across the range of 10 to 50 μg/ml with five
standard dilutions. The retention time of the drug is 5.575 minutes. The validation results are
system suitability (%RSD-0.76), inter-day precision (%RSD 0.14-0.29), intraday precision
(%RSD 0.08-0.34), accuracy (%RSD 0.16-0.96), and robustness (%RSD 0.16-0.35). In different
intended conditions, four peaks are in 1 N HCl, two peaks in 1 N NaOH, three peaks in 10%
H2O2 (1hr), and one peak in neutral

method:

Molecular docking based an isocratic RP-HPLC-PDA was performed on an HPLC apparatus (AGILENT 1100) with a symmetry of 100 mm x 4.6 mm and a 5 µm particle size C18 column and a methanol:0.1% OPA (orthophosphoric acid) water ratio of 43:57% v/v.

Conclusion:

Toremifene, a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM), Drug pharmacokinetic
properties and receptor binding affinity results are helpful in designing the analytical
method. Developing the RP-HPLC-PDA method is found to be novel, simple and precise. It
could be used for testing toremifene in bulk and pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms in quality
control, as well as stability tests.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Compound Qilian Tablets in Treating Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jia Jiangwei , Liu Bo , Wang Xin , Ji Fenglan , Wen Fuchun , Song Lianlian , Xu Huibo , Ding Tao
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the common chronic complications
of diabetes mellitus, which has developed into the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment
in adults worldwide. The Compound Qilian Tablets (CQLT) were developed in China
for the treatment and prevention of DR, but their mechanism of action is still unclear.

Objective:

In the present study, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo validation
experiments were used to investigate the active components and molecular mechanisms of
CQLT against DR.

Methods:

The active components and targets of CQLT were collected through the TCSMP database,
and the targets of DR were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, and Drugbank databases.
We established a protein-protein interaction network using the STRING database. Gene Ontology
(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses
were conducted using the Metascape database. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina
was performed to investigate the interactions between components of CQLT and core targets.
Moreover, we selected ZDF rats to establish a DR model for the experimental studies.

Results:

39 active components and 448 targets in CQLT were screened, among which 90 targets
were shared with DR. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 181 pathways. The molecular
docking results demonstrated that the main active components had strong binding ability
to the core targets. The results from animal experiments indicate that the mechanism of CQLT
against DR is associated with inhibiting the retinal mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway,
alleviating the inflammatory response, suppressing retinal neovascularization, and protecting the
function and morphology of the retina.

Conclusion:

The present study preliminarily explored the mechanism of CQLT in treating DR
and demonstrated that CQLT exerts anti-DR effects through multiple components, multiple targets,
and multiple pathways. These findings suggest that CQLT shows promise as a potential
therapeutic agent for DR and could contribute to developing novel treatments.
Hand Foot Syndrome Induced by Lenvatinib - A Case Report
Authors: Rangshahi Kiran , Nanda Siddhartha , Gurunthalingam Meenalotchini Prakash , Katiyara Vikas , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Gaikwad Nitin R
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Hand–Foot Syndrome (HFS), also known as palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia,
is a common reaction to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ( TKIs), which can often lead
to discontinuation of the drug. Lenvatinib is a recently approved drug for the treatment of endometrial
carcinoma, which has been proven to provide a better overall survival rate and longer
duration of progression-free survival among patients with advanced endometrial cancer. Herein,
we have reported a case of carcinoma endometrium with metastasis who had to discontinue the
use of lenvatinib due to the adverse drug reaction.

Case Report:

A 60-year-old female patient with carcinoma endometrium with metastasis, post
radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo–oophorectomy with omentectomy, was started on
tablet lenvatinib 8 mg once daily orally for 15 days. After 12 days of treatment, the patient noticed
painful lesions with reddish-black discoloration over the left forearm and dorsal aspect of
the left hand and fingers, and was diagnosed with lenvatinib-induced hand-foot syndrome. Lenvatinib
was discontinued and tab. prednisolone 30mg was taken orally. The reaction subsided
after five days.

Conclusion:

Hand-foot syndrome is one of the commonest ADRs due to the use of lenvatinib.
Lenvatinib is an oral formulation that patients can take at their homes. Hence, educating patients
regarding the HFS is important so that they report it to the treating physicians on time. It is also
essential to educate patients regarding the precautions to be taken to avoid hand-foot syndrome.
This will help the physicians with the early discontinuation and appropriate treatment with corticosteroids,
which will help in improving the quality of life of the patients already suffering
from cancer.
A Randomized Trial of the Efficacy of Three Weight Loss Diet Interventions in Overweight/Obese with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Dou Pan , Zhang Ting-Ting , Xu Yang , Xue Qing , Zhang Yangyang , Shang Jing , Yang Xiu-Li
Published: April 2024

Background:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent, complex,
heterogeneous, polygenic endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic and reproductive dysfunction
that affects 8-13% of women of reproductive age worldwide. The pathogenesis of
PCOS has not been fully clarified and includes genetics, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR).
Oxidative stress (OS) of PCOS is independent of obesity. It can induce IR through post-insulin
receptor defects, impair glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, and exacerbate IR by reducing
insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of Calorie Restricted Diet (CRD), High Protein Diet
(HPD), and High Protein and High Dietary Fiber Diet (HPD+HDF) on body composition, insulin
resistance, and oxidative stress in overweight/obese PCOS patients.

Methods:

A total of 90 overweight/obese patients with PCOS were selected to receive an 8-
week medical nutrition weight loss intervention at our First Hospital of Peking University, and
we randomly divided them into the CRD group (group A), the HPD group (group B), and the
HPD+HDF group (group C), with 30 patients in each group. We measured their body composition,
HOMA-IR index, and oxidative stress indicators. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, analysis
of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the efficacy of the
three methods.

Results:

After eight weeks, the body weights of the three groups decreased by 6.32%, 5.70%
and 7.24%, respectively, and the Visceral Fat Area (VFA) values decreased by 6.8 cm2, 13.4
cm2 and 23.45 cm2, respectively, especially in group C (p <0.05). The lean body mass (LBM),
also known as the Fat-Free Mass (FFM) values of group B and group C after weight loss, were
higher than that of group A (p <0.05). After weight loss, the homeostatic model assessment of
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. Superoxide
dismutase (SOD) was increased in all three groups (p <0.05), and the changes in SOD and
MDA in group B and group C were more significant (p <0.05). HOMA-IR index positively correlated
with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.195; p <0.05); MDA positively correlated with percent
of body fat (PBF) (r=0.186; p <0.05) and HOMA-IR index (r=0.422; p <0.01); SOD positively
correlated with LMI/FFMI (r=0.195; p <0.05), negatively correlated with HOMA-IR index
(r=-0.433; p <0.01).

Conclusion:

All three diets were effective in reducing the body weight of overweight/obese
patients with PCOS by more than 5% within 8 weeks and could improve both insulin resistance
and oxidative stress damage. Compared with CRD, HPD and HPD+HDF diets could better retain
lean body mass and significantly improve oxidative stress damage.
A Review on the Upgradation of Biomass-derived Hard Carbon Materials
Authors: Wang Tengrui , Li Ruyan , Liu Qian , Liu Weichi
Published: April 2024

Sodium-ion battery is a promising alternative to lithium-ion battery because of its abundant
raw material resources, low price, and high specific capacity. Amorphous carbon materials
(hard carbon) have micropores and impurities, facilitating the intercalation of sodium ions to form
"quasi-metallic sodium," resulting in a high sodium storage capacity and a low sodium storage potential.
Consequently, hard carbon is one of the most widely studied negative electrode materials. It
can be prepared from biomass by thermochemical conversion and has the advantages of large specific
capacity, low cost, good cycling stability, and renewability. This review focuses on Patents and
thesis research in the hard carbon materials based on biomass. Firstly, the preparation methods of
hard carbon, including precursor selection, pretreatment, drying methods, and carbonization processes,
are summarized. Secondly, the effects of precursor composition and heteroatom doping
structure and properties of hard carbon are examined, and the changes in carbon material pores during
the activation process, as well as the selection of optimal drying method, pyrolysis temperature,
carbonization temperature, activator dosage, and additive, are discussed. Thirdly, the impact of
preparation methods on hard carbon's cost, efficiency, and stability is briefly summarized, and the
relevant improvement measures and prospects are proposed. Finally, some insights are provided into
preparing high-performance biomass-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Detecting Cracks on Plates using Reflections of Fundamental Symmetric and Anti-symmetric Lamb Waves from Defect
Authors: Li Xuexin , Zhang Yu , Jing Qi , Zhang Xinhan
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Ultrasonic Lamb waves can achieve long-range inspection on plate-like
structures and can even detect unreachable cracks and defects. There are multiple modes under a
certain generation frequency with most of them dispersive.

Method:

The dispersion curves of Lamb wave in a steel plate were given by numerical calculation. A
2-D finite element (FE) model of a steel plate was promoted. The fundamental symmetric and antisymmetric
Lamb waves were generated by uploading symmetrical and anti-symmetrical displacements
on one side of the plane. The wave reflects when it comes across the defect and the edge of the
plate. Mode conversion will occur after the asymmetrical discontinuities of the structure.

Result:

The theoretical and numerical results of the values of group velocities of S0 and A0 in a steel
plate show well agreement. The maximum amplitude of the converted A0 wave from the interaction
of the incident S0 wave with the cracks was observed. The amplitude will first rise then fall under
any depth of the defects. The relationship between the defect reflection and the length as well as the
depth of defects were simulated based on the FE model. Phase reversion and phase delay were discovered
by controlling the defect size changing in one dimension. The reflection coefficient increases
linearly with the defect length while the depth is constant, as well as the defect depth while the
length is constant.

method:

Using finite element (FE) method to simulate Lamb wave motion in a plate, as well as experiments on steel plates with artificial defects.

Conclusion:

Experiments on steel plates with artificial defects including thorough holes and tapered
holes were carried out using ISONICA STAR. The results also show that when the defect size
changes in one dimension such as the thorough holes, the reflection coefficient increases linearly
correspondingly. However, the testing results of the taper holes were inconsistent with the regulation
as the size increases in both the length and the depth.

result:

The values of group velocities were calculated by time-of-flight method to identify specific modes. The results were calibrated and showed well agreement with theoretical data. Mode conversion will appear when the wave comes across asymmetric discontinuities of the structure.
Sub-1 GHz RF-based Energy-efficient Sensor Node for Secure Communication in Low-power IoT and Embedded Applications
Authors: Sultan Ishfaq , Banday Mohammad Tariq
Published: April 2024

Background:

The Internet of Things (IoT) devices consist of a microcontroller unit for
data processing, a low-power wireless radio module for data transmission, and various sensors for
data collection. The sensor nodes and processing devices used in the Internet of Things are
resource-constrained, with power consumption and security being the two most critical parameters.

Objective:

This paper addresses the challenges of power consumption and security in IoT
scenarios. It presents a low-power and secure heterogeneous multicore sensing architecture
designed for low-power IoT and wireless sensor networks. The architecture comprises a sensing
and control subsystem, an information processing unit, and a wireless communication module.

Methods:

The architecture uses a microcontroller unit based on ARM Cortex M4, a low-power
sub-1 GHz RF-compliant communication radio, and a few sensors. The proposed architecture has
been implemented and tested using the Contiki Operating System.

Results:

The implemented sensor node architecture demonstrated performance efficiency, lower
energy consumption, and higher security.

Conclusion:

By leveraging efficient power management, data transmission strategies, and
cryptographic security, the architecture contributes to developing energy-efficient and secure IoT
devices.
Carbon-Chalcogenide Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water
Authors: Mahata Atanu , Roy Totan , Mondal Animesh , Kundu Debasish
Published: April 2024

:

Over the past two decades, researchers have witnessed the synthesis of diaryl sulfides and
diaryl selenides via transition metals-mediated carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions in the
presence of various organic and inorganic solvents. The use of water as a clean and environmentally
friendly solvent in cross-coupling chemistry of C-S/Se bond formations has attracted profound interest
owing to its availability, non-toxicity, low cost and renewability. The most commonly used solvents
have been recognized as being of environmental concern, but the use of green and eco-friendly
solvents like water is frequently considered with respect to the recovery of catalysts, isolation of
products, and recycling. The fundamental interactions between the water and the transition metal
catalysts or ligands are viewed from mechanistic aspects, which mostly favours the rational selection
of high-performance and safe solvents. In this article, the authors intended to focus extensively on
the critical role of water in various transition metals mediated C-S/Se cross-coupling methodologies.
A Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Port Recognition in Complex Environments based on Wavelet Enhancement and Improved Canny Algorithm
Authors: Sun Chunya , Yin Shiao , Xiao Yanqiu , Cui Guangzhen , Yao Lei , Ji Jiangtao
Published: April 2024

Background:

The current method has low detection accuracy for electric vehicle
charging ports in complex environments.

background:

The current method has low detection accuracy for electric vehicle charging ports in complex environments.

Objective:

This paper proposes a method for electric vehicle charging port recognition based on
wavelet enhancement and an improved canny algorithm.

objective:

This paper proposes a method for electric vehicle charging port recognition based on wavelet enhancement and improved canny algorithm.

Methods:

Firstly, a preprocessing assessment model is proposed to determine whether preprocessing
enhancement should be applied. Subsequently, we perform a stretch transformation on
the S channel in the HSI color space and apply a discrete wavelet transform to the I channel to
restore the brightness and detail features of the target objects in the image. Specifically, in this
paper, adaptive median filtering and multi-scale Retinex algorithm are utilized on different frequency
components respectively. Finally, the features and parameters of the charging port are detected
and extracted through the maximum inter-class variance method, morphological processing,
the improved Canny algorithm, and Hough transform fitting.

Results:

This paper conducts comparative experiments on preprocessing enhancement of charging
port images in different environments and features detection of charging ports. The hole feature
parameters detected by this method are consistent with the actual situation.

Conclusion:

The experiment proves that the method proposed in this paper can meet the requirements
of precise identification of charging ports in complex environments.
Microsponge: An Advanced Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rakholiya Swati , Dutta Disha , Gupta Shiv Kumar
Published: April 2024

Porous microsponges are a type of polymeric delivery method. These tiny, spherical
particles, resembling sponges, have a large porous surface, which helps to modify drug release,
stabilize the substance, and lessen side effects. To keep dose forms on the skin, micro sponges
can be successfully included intopical medicine administration systems. Since the outer surface
is frequently porous, the material can continuously flow out of the sphere. This system can suspend
or entrap a variety of substances, and it can be incorporated into a manufactured product
like a liquid, gel, cream, or powder. The majority of vehicles and components can be used with
these formulations, which are stable in the pH range of 1 to 11 and up to 130ºC. Microsponges
are created to reduce side effects, change medication release, and enhance stability to successfully
distribute a pharmaceutically active component at the lowest amount achievable.
A Foodborne Disease “Campylobacteriosis”: Global Epidemiology,
Pathogenicity, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Choudhary Pooja , Punia Aruna , Kumari Sudesh , Sharma Namita , Dahiya Sweety , Chhillar Anil K.
Published: April 2024

Campylobacteriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Campylobacter, which is one of
the leading causative agents of bacterial gastrointestinal diseases in developed and developing
countries. According to WHO, Campylobacter species infects a hundred million people yearly.
The bacterium is thermotolerant, cytochrome oxidase-positive, spiral-shaped, gram-negative,
and microaerophilic, by exhibiting corkscrew motility it passes through the intestines of animals
and birds. It is generally transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food associated
with animal and their products. The main infectious species include C. coli, C. jejuni, C. fetus
and C. upsaliensis. Infection symptoms can be mild to serious depending upon the patient's age
and in some cases can lead to permanent neurological disorders. Detection of Campylobacter in
food, clinical and environmental samples is accomplished with the help of combinatorial usage
of selective enrichment and culture methods. Currently, there is no sole viable approach for infection
management because of resistance emergence. In this review article, we discuss Campylobacter
epidemiology, pathogenicity, various diagnostic methods and treatment of Campylobacteriosis.
FARMACOVID: Longitudinal Study of the Profile and Management of Drug Interactions in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Lopez-Cardenas Junior , Jhosep Blanco , Bustos Rosa-Helena , Cruz Andres , Lechtig-Wasserman Sharon , Pinedo Jennifer-Andrea , Ortega Maria-Jose , Bastidas Nicolas , Fuentes Yuli V.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have important risk factors for drug–
drug interactions.

Objective:

This study aimed to characterize and describe the profile and management of drug–drug
interactions in critically ill patients affected by COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in Colombia.

Methods:

A descriptive retrospective cohort with an exploratory analytical component was used. The
medical records of 191 patients were reviewed from August 2020 to February 2021. An initial descriptive
analysis was performed, and a bivariate analysis was developed to include variables of significance
in a multivariate analysis.

Results:

In our cohort of critically ill patients, the following factors were associated with a higher
risk of major outcome development: a higher age (p = 0.037), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (p =
0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p = 0.001), a greater number of prescribed
drugs, number of interactions, and the presence of type-D interactions.

Conclusion:

Identifying clinical predictors and types of drug interactions may alter the development
of major outcomes such as mortality.
Sentiment Analysis on Suicidal Tendency Affected by the COVID -19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Different Algorithms using Twitter Data
Authors: Dilanka R.D.S. , Rupasingha R.A.H.M.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Unintentional behavioral changes brought on by the COVID-19 outbreak
may have contributed to the increase in reported suicidal attempts. The coronavirus pandemic era has
contributed to modifying existing domestic violence, mental health, conflict, and anxiety. Moreover,
quarantine and self-isolation may have resulted in melancholy, suicidal thoughts, drug and alcohol
misuse, and loneliness. Therefore, it is crucial and significant to gather data on the global prevalence
of suicide and suicidal attempts throughout the pandemic.

Objective:

This study's objective was to evaluate the tone of tweets regarding suicide and whether or
not those tweets are connected to COVID-19.

Methods:

Twitter is one of the most widely used channels for sharing people's thoughts in various
situations. A total of 9750 tweets have been found with respect to COVID-19-related suicidal ideation
and other suicides. Gathered data were pre-processed, and feature vectors were constructed in
order to establish a forecast paradigm by using artificial neural networks (ANN), long short-term
memory (LSTM), and support vector machine (SVM).

Results:

The results demonstrated that ANN outperformed SVM and LSTM in terms of classification,
achieving 91.33% accuracy while also having greater recall, precision, F-measure, and minimum
error values.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study may help to categorize peoples' suicidal thoughts successfully.
The results will help to identify future suicidal incidents with the help of the proposed approach
and avoid such kinds of situations from occurring.
Mechanistic Insight into Binding of Graphene Towards Multiple Therapeutic Target of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies
Authors: Savita Aman , Gupta Hariom , Patidar Rajesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Even after more than three years of emergence of coronavirus diseases 2019
(COVID-19), it remains incurable, despite the use of emergency-approved vaccines. The impact of
the emergency-approved vaccines against it is not highly certain. The entire world may face surge of
new wave of the infection, and therefore, its reoccurrence cannot be denied. Causalities and economic
losses may happen in the future. In this situation, it is need of the hour to explore some suitable
therapeutic agents against this highly infectious and challenging disease. Organic molecules, inactivated
virus etc were largely focused to derive the vaccines, however, nanomaterials still remain untested
for it. Interaction of nanomaterials like graphene against proteins of the coronavirus to inhibit
its activity is yet to be tested computationally.

Methods:

In this computational research work, graphene is tested for interaction with the viral proteins,
as the dimension of the novel coronavirus also belongs to nano-scale (diameter 65-125 nm). A
detailed study ondocking structures and molecular dynamics between viral proteins and graphene, is
undertaken. Autodock and Discovery Studio packages were used for docking calculations and interaction
analysis, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed using NAMD software
and obtained results were visualized using VMD software.

Results:

Range of proteins of the coronavirus including spike proteins (both open and closed form),
Main Protease (MPRO), Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp), and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) have been individually evaluated for their
docking and dynamics with graphene, so as to inactivate the virus. Details of interacting amino acid
residues of coronavirus with graphene is found in the study.

Conclusion:

Computationally, it is observed that most of these proteins were found interactive
through their amino acid residues with graphene. Number of interacting amino acid residues is considerable
enough to collectively acquire high binding energy. It can be envisaged that cumulative
perturbations of all the interactions of each protein caused by graphene can lower down or inactivate
the virus.
Reduced Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Infants Affected by Severe Bronchiolitis
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Petrella Carla , Bonci Enea , Papoff Paola , Jorgi Margherita di , Petrarca Laura , Conti Maria Giulia , Barbato Christian , Pietrangeli Alessandra , Fiore Marco , Midulla Fabio , Group BROME
Published: April 2024

Background:

Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract, typical
of infants in their first year of life and causing hypoxia in the most serious cases. Bronchiolitis recognizes various demographic risk factors that are associated with greater clinical severity; however, no
laboratory factors are yet able to correlate with the clinical severity. Neurotrophins as Brain-Derived
Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) are mediators of neuronal plasticity. BDNF is constitutively expressed in
smooth muscle cells and epithelium of the lower respiratory tract, and as it is released during inflammatory conditions, serum levels may have a relevant role in the prognosis of infants with bronchiolitis.

Objective:

In the present pilot study, we aimed to disclose the presence of serum BDNF in infants
hospitalized with bronchiolitis at discharge as a disease severity indicator.

Methods and Results:

Serum BDNF, measured at hospital discharge, was significantly lower in severe
bronchiolitis (expressed as O2-supplemented infants). Furthermore, no changes were disclosed for the
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, the main BDNF receptor and neurofilament light chain, a biomarker
of neuronal degeneration.

Conclusion:

Low serum BDNF in infants with severe bronchiolitis could be associated with a higher
utilization by lung cells or with an altered production by lung cells. Therefore, further research is required to study if a decreased production or increased consumption of this biomarker is at the base of
the above-mentioned findings.
Modern Trends in Digitalization of the Restaurant Business
Authors: Lyashkov A. V. , Anisimov A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The relevance of studying the issues of digitalization of the restaurant business is due to the need to search for strategic directions and key factors in the digital transformation of restaurant services, assessing modern consumer demands and global market development trends.

The purpose of the work is to study the main trends in the digitalization of restaurant business organizations.

The objectives of the study are to analyze promising areas of digitalization of the restaurant business, assess the market for online food delivery, self-service points and the use of digital technologies.

Methodology. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis, induction and deduction were used as research methods

Results. It was revealed that the main directions of digitalization of the restaurant business are online orders and delivery of ready-made food, the development of self-service points, automation of the value chain, as well as the promotion of restaurant services using digital technologies. Despite the fact that automation of the restaurant business began before the COVID-19 pandemic, it served as a catalyst for the transition of restaurant services to the virtual space. However, the reactive approach of restaurant business organizations did not allow the formation of an effective strategy for the digital transformation of restaurant business organizations. The growth of digitalization of the industry is due to digital channels for promoting services that require significant investments, available only to large market players; for non-chain restaurants, this segment of the digital market is not yet available in full, which is a limiting factor in the development of the entire industry.

Conclusions. The results obtained during the research allowed us to formulate theoretical and practical recommendations aimed at developing a strategic understanding of the planning processes and implementation of digital technologies in the activities of restaurant business organizations.