bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Term Results of Treatment of Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot with a Synthetic Bone Graft Sustitute
Authors: Waldecker Ute
Published: January 2022

Category:

Diabetes; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

The aim of the study was to evaluate short term results of osteomyelits of the diabetic foot treated with cerament

Methods:

16 diabetics with a mean age of 61.6 years underwent surgical therapy of infection of the foot using Cerament and a 6- week resistance-based antibiotic therapy. The surgical procedures included bony debridement, temporary vacuum therapy, arthrodesis or resection arthroplasty. Postoperative treatment included clinical investigation and MRI control of the affected foot. The foot ulcerations were classified preoperatively. Pathological assessments of osteomyelitis were made. The recurrence rates of osteomyelitis and ulcerations, the number of surgical procedures, and the complication rates were determined.

Results:

A foot ulcer was found preoperatively in 56.3% of the patients. 10 patients (62.5%) were diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis, 6 with florid osteomyelitis. The number of necessary surgical procedures was 2 in 8 patients (50%), 4 in 4 patients (25%), 3 in 3 patients (18.8%) and 1 in 1 patient (6.3%). After a median followup of 8.6 months, no recurrence of osteomyelitis could be detected in 13 patients (81.3%). With regard to foot ulcerations, the ulcer healed completely in 15 patients (93.8%). One patient had ulcer recurrence. The complication rate was 18.8% (3 patients). The statistical analysis also showed that the patient's age had no significant influence on the recurrence rate of osteomyelitis and ulceration.Furthermore, there were significant differences between patients with chronic and florid osteomyelitis. Patients with chronic osteomyelitis were more likely to have osteomyelitis recurrences, while patients with a proven florid infection were more likely to have ulcer recurrences.

Conclusion:

The osteomyelitis treatment of the diabetic foot shows good results in terms of the recurrence rates of osteomyelitis and foot ulceration. With regard to the differentiated consideration of the results in chronic and florid osteomyelitis, additional investigations are necessary.
Anterior Ankle Skin Surface Pressures in Lower Extremity Splints: Minimizing Insult after Injury
Authors: Walton David M. , Farrar Nicholas , Shams Kameron A. , Mell Kristopher , Holmes James R. , Talusan Paul G.
Published: January 2022

Category:

Ankle; Trauma; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Though ubiquitously utilized in orthopaedic trauma, lower extremity splints are not without their associated iatrogenic risk of morbidity. In fact, improper splinting not only necessitates replacement, but splint-related soft tissue complications are the second most common iatrogenic cause for referral to plastic surgery. Improper splinting techniques include inadequate molding of plaster/fiberglass splints, inadequate padding over bony prominences, excessive compressive forces from elastic bandages applied too aggressively, and/or pressure areas created by applying padding and casting material in varying joint positions. While clinicians commonly pad bony prominences to minimize skin pressure, the effect of joint position on skin pressure and, more specifically, changing joint position, is understudied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate anterior ankle skin pressure secondary to joint position change during splinting.

Methods:

Following ethics approval by our institutional review board, various constructs of lower extremity, short-leg splints were applied to two healthy subjects (2 limbs total in this preliminary data set) with an underlying pressure transducer (Tekscan I- Scan system (Tekscan Inc, South Boston, MA, USA) on the skin surface centered on the anterior ankle on the tibialis anterior tendon. All subjects underwent anterior ankle surface pressure assessment when padding was applied in maximum plantar flexion and neutral position for conventional short leg splints application. Percent change from initial contact pressure centered on the tibialis anterior with either Webril (Covidien/Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland), or Specialist Cotton Blend Cast Padding (BSN Medical, Charlotte, NC, USA) were calculated. Neutral position of the foot/ankle will be confirmed with goniometer.

Results:

There were 2 limbs total that were analyzed for the presentation of pilot data for this study. The percent change in anterior ankle contact pressure when padding was applied in maximum plantarflexion (PF) and then placed in neutral was increased at least two-fold without the addition of plaster and subsequently with the addition of plaster in lower extremity short leg splints (Figure 1).

Conclusion:

In this pilot data, we report significant increases in anterior ankle contact pressures when splint padding is applied in plantar-flexion and re-positioned into neutral during splint application which may precipitate iatrogenic pressure ulcers in patients sustaining foot/ankle trauma. This data, though preliminary, underscores the importance in proper splinting techniques for all clinicians that manage lower extremity trauma (eg, orthopaedic surgery, emergency medicine, urgent care, etc).
Identifying Risk Factors for Nonunion of the Modified Lapidus Procedure for the Correction of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Wang Benjamin , Manchanda Kshitij , Lalli Trapper , Liu George T. , VanPelt Michael D. , Raspovic Katherine M. , Wukich Dane K. , Johnson Matthew J.
Published: January 2022

Category:

Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

There is a paucity of literature attempting to characterize risk factors for nonunion of the modified Lapidus procedure for correction of hallux valgus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate several patient factors to determine which may contribute to increased odds of nonunion.

Methods:

Patients who underwent modified Lapidus procedure between 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of previous bunionectomy, history of tobacco use, fixation method, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), and presence of hypothyroidism were recorded along with changes in radiographic parameters. A multiple logistic regression analysis was implemented to estimate the odds of nonunion.

Results:

Of the 222 patients who met inclusion criteria, nonunion with modified Lapidus procedure was observed in 20 patients (9.01%). Odds of nonunion with modified Lapidus procedure were greater for patients as BMI increased (OR=1.101, 95% CI: 1.029 to 1.177), tobacco users (OR=3.511, 95% CI: 1.182 to 10.425), had a change in intermetatarsal angle (IMA) (OR=1.313, 95% CI: 1.099 to 1.569), a change in Meary's angle (OR=1.133, 95% CI: 1.024 to 1.255), and a change in calcaneal pitch (OR=1.192, 95% CI: 0.997 to 1.426), but lower for patients who had a change in hallux valgus angle (OR=0.912, 95% CI: 0.846 to 0.983). Compared with the union group, patients with nonunion had lesser mean degrees correction of IMA (4.25° vs. 7.02°) and greater mean degrees correction of Meary's angle (1.62° vs. 0.46°) and calcaneal pitch (1.09° vs. 0.38°). No increased odds of nonunion were found between fixation methods.

Conclusion:

Predicted odds of nonunion with modified Lapidus procedure increased in patients with high BMI, smokers, and increased change in intermetatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, and Meary's angle pre and postoperatively.
Comparison of 3D Surface Rendering CT to Plain Lateral Radiographs for Quantification and Characterisation of Posterior Malleolar Fracture Fragment Size and Morphology
Authors: Weigelt Lizzy , Mason Lyndon W. , Lambert Laura-Ann , Heyes Gavin
Published: January 2022

Category:

Ankle; Trauma

Introduction/Purpose:

The aim of this study was to compare the size of the posterior malleolar fracture (PMF) fragment on plain lateral radiographs compared to three-dimensional (3D) surface rendering CT imaging, and to compare both modalities in the characterisation of PMF morphology.

Methods:

Measurements of 180 lateral radiographs of PMF's were compared to their respective 3D surface rendering CT reconstructions, by two independent observers reviewing percentage articular involvement of the PMF fragment. Morphology of the PMF was categorised initially by the CT scan as classified by Mason and Molloy and was compared to this classification using radiographs.

Results:

When calculating the percentage joint surface involved by the PMF fragment, inter-observer variability was greater than 0.8 for radiographic and CT measurement. Significant differences in size of PMF on radiograph compared to CT were found for type 1 and type 2A fractures (p<0001 type 1, p=.071 type 2A). Radiographs consistently over-estimated the PMF fragment size, although in type 2B fracture patterns there was an equivalent number that were under-estimated due to the underappreciation of the posteromedial fragment. Comparison of fracture fragment morphology found that type 2A and 2B fractures (rotational Pilon's) had poor agreement between radiographs and CT (34.15%).

Conclusion:

This study shows that the use of a lateral radiograph in a PMF to estimate fracture size and morphology is poor. Additional CT imaging is imperative to allow for appropriate treatment planning in the management of PMF.
Identification and Fixation of Intermetatarsal Coronal Plane Instability Following Modified Lapidus Procedure
Authors: Wetzig Alex , Pechero Guillermo R. , Berken David C. , Ebaugh Pierce , McGarvey William C.
Published: January 2022

Category:

Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

There are many described techniques to approach surgical correction of bunion deformity and prevention of recurrence is still a topic of interest. Coronal plane instability evidenced by intermetarsal angle (IMA) widening with weight bearing is a cause for concern with respect to recurrence. The identification of patients who are at risk for recurrence intraoperatively is challenging and currently there are few described tests that guide physician treatment. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an intraoperative intermetarsal coronal plane 'squeeze stress test' utilized by the senior surgeon along with the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent fixation for their identified instability following the modified Lapidus procedure for hallux valgus correction.

Methods:

All patients included in this study presented with clinical and radiographic documentation of hallux valgus that was treated by a first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis with additional middle column fixation following widening on intraoperative fluoroscopy 'squeeze stress test' (Figure 1) by a single senior surgeon from 2015-2020. Fixation of the middle column was achieved via endobutton (5), screw (23), or endobutton plus screw (5). Clinical descriptions were reviewed for the presence of symptomatic recurrence and for the need of revision surgery. A single observer measured the HVA and the IMA angle of the preoperative and final post-operative weight-bearing radiographs, respectively. A total of 33 patients were included with an average age of 58.5 (range, 40-80) years of age and a mean follow-up of 8.3(range, 1.5-30) months. Mean BMI was 29 (range, 19- 54). Statistical analysis of this data set utilized the chi-square test and two sample t-test.

Results:

Pre-operatively, the patients with identified coronal plane instability had a mean HVA and IMA of 33 (range, 16-74) and 14 (range, 7-23) degrees, respectively. At final follow-up, these patients maintained a mean HVA of 9.8 (range, 0-32) and IMA of 4.5 (range, 0-15). No patients sustained clinical recurrence. Two patients underwent elective removal of hardware. One patient sustained a deep infection that required removal of hardware and formal debridement, this subsequently resolved.

Conclusion:

Coronal plane instability remains one of the unsolved facets of effectively treating symptomatic hallux valgus. Vigilance is the first step in prevention of recurrence in these patients and the 'squeeze stress test' is a simple, quick option for their identification. Our case series demonstrates satisfactory outcomes in terms of clinical recurrence for these patients utilizing this new evaluation technique. We believe further investigation of the squeeze stress test as an instability identifier is warranted in all types of bunion correction procedures.
Comparison Between Mini-Invasive Distal and Proximal Chevron Osteotomies in the Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity
Authors: Yang Ding C.
Published: January 2022

Category:

Bunion

Introduction/Purpose:

The potential advantages of minimal incision surgery for hallux aboducto valgus (HAV) correction are to reduce surgical exposure, diminish soft-tissue stripping, and lessen blood supply impairment. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive techniques. Currently, there are insufficient studies to recommend one minimally invasive technique over another.

Methods:

From 2018 to 2020, 141 cases with hallux abducto valgus were treated with minimal incision osteotomy using Kirschner wire fixation. 120 patients had distal chevron osteotomies and 21 patients had proximal first metatarsal osteotomies. The patient age range was between 29 yo and 96 yo, with 118 female and 23 male patients. 48 patients were 65 yo and over, and 93 patients were less than 65yo. The preoperative and postoperative hallux abducto valgus angles (HVA), intermetatarsal angles (IMA), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were measured and evaluated.

Results:

The average AOFAS scores improved from a preoperative median of 41.4 points to a postoperative median of 88.6 points. The mean HVA and IMA angles significantly decreased after the operation. There were no complications of nonunion or delayed union, avascular necrosis, infection, or hallux varus. The technique has been largely accepted by the patients due to the short procedure time, the reduced postoperative pain, and the fast functional recovery. For the hallux aboducto valgus deformity with HVA over 35 and IMA over 16 degrees, the procedure with proximal chevron osteotomy achieved better corrections.

Conclusion:

Both proximal and distal chevron osteotomy techniques showed comparable results. The distal percutaneous osteotomy was effective for the treatment of mild to moderate hallux abducto valgus deformity, and the proximal percutaneous osteotomy was effective for the treatment of severe hallux abducto valgus deformity. This study indicated that the minimal incision osteotomy was a simple and reliable technique for treating hallux abducto valgus with minimal complications. Through minimally invasive approaches, the hallux abducto valgus corrections performed in this study resulted in minimal soft tissue injury, less postoperative pain, and good cosmetic results.
Contact Pressures Change According to Displacement Shape in Isolated Medial Malleolar Fracture: Cadaver Study
Authors: Yeo Eui Dong , Lee Young Koo , Im Jungtaek
Published: January 2022

Category:

Trauma; Basic Sciences/Biologics

Introduction/Purpose:

Ankle fractures, representing 9% of all fractures, are among the most common types of fractures worldwide. 1 of 5 ankle fractures is an isolated medial malleolar fracture (IMMF). IMMF were treated surgically, but recently it was concluded that all IMMF(<=2mm) should be treated conservatively. The indication for surgery or conservative treatment of IMMF remains unclear. The purpose of the present study is to check the change of pressure in the ankle joint according to the shape and the displacement in the medial malleolus fractures.

Methods:

Twenty pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric lower legs, disarticulated at the knee, will be used. Specimen pairs were assigned at random into 1 of 2 groups. This study measures the pressure change in the ankle joint according to Muller type C and D. The specimen was mounted in the materials testing machine with the plantar aspect of the foot in contact with the foot-plate. Load was applied with the ankle in the neutral position. Contact area and contact pressure were quantitated with low-grade pressure-sensitive film (Prescale film; Fuji Photo Film, Tokyo, Japan). The color densities were converted to measurements of pressure. After osteotomy the medial malleolus in Muller type C and D, displace each 2mm and fix it with diameter 4.0mm and length 45 mm cortical bone screws. Pressure measurement is done in the same way as above.

Results:

The median value and wilconxon singed rank test was used for the results. The median value of normal ankle contact area was 3.15cm2 [2.61.;3.51], the mean pressure was 2.18 Mpa(Megapascal) [2.00.;2.43], and the median value of contact area after transverse osteotomy was 2.89cm2 [2.41.;3.24], mean pressure was 2.37Mpa [2.14.;2.75], and the median value of contact area after oblique osteotomy was 2.72cm2 [2.50.;3.16], mean pressure was 2.50Mpa [2.33.;2.74]. P value of the mean area and mean pressure change after transverse and oblique was <0.05.

Conclusion:

At 2mm transverse and oblique displacement, ankle contact area and pressure decreased significantly.
Obesity is an Independent Risk Factor for Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Yeo Kwon , Park Jae Han , Han Seung Hwan , Lee Jin Woo , Park Kwang Hwan
Published: January 2022

Category:

Hindfoot; Sports

Introduction/Purpose:

Obesity is an increasing comorbidity that can negatively affect the clinical outcomes of various disease in orthopaedics. However, there was no study to evaluate an association between Achilles tendon rupture and obesity in a nationwide study. We aimed to investigate the incidence of Achilles tendon rupture through a nationwide longitudinal cohort in Korea and evaluate the influences of demographic data including body mass index (BMI).

Methods:

Between 2002 and 2015, sociodemographic factors including gender, age, BMI, income, comorbidities, and sport activity level were retrieved from National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). NHIS-NSC database was searched for individuals treated with ATR. We excluded individuals who were less than 20 years-old.

Results:

736 (0.116%) of total 636,921 individuals in NHIS-NSC database underwent Achilles tendon repair (ATR). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity (BMI>= 25kg/m2) was significantly associated with ATR (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.68 to 2.36). Other significant factors were age, male, total cholesterol, moderate sport activity, and income. After propensity score matching of all factors, obesity was significantly associated with ATR with odds ratio 1.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 2.39).

Conclusion:

Obesity is an independent predictive factor for the occurrence of Achilles tendon rupture followed by ATR.
Internet Pornography Use Among Medical Students in India: Extent and Effect
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Sachdeva Ankur , Khullar Shilpa , Ali Enub , Abbas S. Zafar
Published: January 2022

Background:

Medical students are more susceptible to stress associated with long working hours, arduous studies, and living alone away from the home, which may affect their psychological well-being. They may indulge in the use of internet and pornography to ameliorate their stress. Internet is one of the main sources of pornographic content as it is easily available, affordable, and accessible.

Objective:

The current study seeks to quantitatively estimate the extent of internet addiction and pornography use among medical students in India, and its effect on their general well-being.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study in a medical college in North India involving undergraduate (including interns) and postgraduate medical students. Those using internet for porn use were assessed using a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire 30, WHO Quality of Life Index (WHOQOL)-BREF, and Internet Addiction Test (IAT).

Results:

A total of 393 medical students who agreed on their pornography internet usage were recruited for the study. Problematic pornography internet usage (moderate and 0severe IAT scores) was seen in 11% (80) of the participants. Male and married students were more likely to be problematic users. The mean duration of pornography use was 8.02±6.32 h/week. The time spent on pornography use positively correlated with IAT and General Health Questionnaire scores, whereas it negatively correlated with WHOQOL-BREF scores.

Conclusions:

Internet pornography use is significantly prevalent amongst medical students in India. As the duration of pornography use increases, general health measures and quality of life decrease, which may impact their well-being and academic performance.
Competency-Based Assessment Methods in Adult Cardiac Sonography: Students’ Perceptions and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Dunstatter Douglas
Published: January 2022

Objective:

This research examined the effects of multiple combined competency-based methods on sonography students’ perceptions of adult echocardiography training components. In addition, clinical preceptor evaluation scores were compared with faculty objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental nonequivalent group research design was used to evaluate students enrolled in an adult cardiac Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) accredited curriculum. Students’ perceptions pre and post multiple competency-based methods (formative assessment, OSCE, & simulation) intervention were recorded via course evaluations. Questions were analyzed individually using descriptive statistics and the Bonferroni correction. Students’ clinical evaluation and OSCE scores were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results:

The majority of students’ perceptions pre- and postintervention of multiple competency-based assessments demonstrated significant differences, or they primarily agreed that their echocardiography knowledge or skill set was enhanced. There was weak correlation between students’ clinical competency evaluation scores and OSCE scores—post implementation of multiple competency-based assessments, rs(37) = −.01, P = .93.

Conclusion:

These results suggest further evaluation of the credentialing process’s clinical assessment to ensure clinical competency.
how_are_we_stranded_here: quick determination of RNA-Seq strandedness
Authors: Signal Brandon , Kahlke Tim
Published: January 2022

Background

Quality control checks are the first step in RNA-Sequencing analysis, which enable the identification of common issues that occur in the sequenced reads. Checks for sequence quality, contamination, and complexity are commonplace, and allow users to implement steps downstream which can account for these issues. Strand-specificity of reads is frequently overlooked and is often unavailable even in published data, yet when unknown or incorrectly specified can have detrimental effects on the reproducibility and accuracy of downstream analyses.

Results

To address these issues, we developed how_are_we_stranded_here, a Python library that helps to quickly infer strandedness of paired-end RNA-Sequencing data. Testing on both simulated and real RNA-Sequencing reads showed that it correctly measures strandedness, and measures outside the normal range may indicate sample contamination.

Conclusions

how_are_we_stranded_here is fast and user friendly, making it easy to implement in quality control pipelines prior to analysing RNA-Sequencing data. how_are_we_stranded_here is freely available at https://github.com/betsig/how_are_we_stranded_here.
STAT3 and SPI1, may lead to the immune system dysregulation and heterotopic ossification in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Liang Tuo , Chen Jiarui , Xu GuoYong , Zhang Zide , Xue Jiang , Zeng Haopeng , Jiang Jie , Chen Tianyou , Qin Zhaojie , Li Hao , Ye Zhen , Nie Yunfeng , Zhan Xinli , Liu Chong
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study was aimed to identify the biomarkers for diagnosis and reveal the immune microenvironment changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods

GSE73754 was downloaded for the co-expression network construction and immune cell analyses. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the potential biological characteristic between different phenotypes. Pearson correlation analysis between the hub genes and the xCell score of immune cell types was performed.

Results

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) was identified as the hub genes in the datasets GSE73754. And the t-test showed that the expression level of STAT3 and SPI1 in the GSE73754 was significantly higher in AS and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27(+) groups. Flow cytometric analysis showed that natural killer T cells (NKT) cells were upregulated, while Th1 cells were down-regulated in AS, which was consistent with the results obtained from bioinformatics analysis. STAT3 and SPI1 was correlated with the NKT cells and Th1 cells.

Conclusion

STAT3 and SPI1 may be a key cytokine receptor in disease progression in AS.
Interspecific complementation-restoration of phenotype in Arabidopsis cuc2cuc3 mutant by sugarcane CUC2 gene
Authors: Aslam Mohammad , She Zeyuan , Jakada Bello Hassan , Fakher Beenish , Greaves Joseph G. , Yan Maokai , Chen Yingzhi , Zheng Ping , Cheng Yan , Qin Yuan
Published: January 2022

Background

In plants, a critical balance between differentiation and proliferation of stem cells at the shoot apical meristem zone is essential for proper growth. The spatiotemporal regulation of some crucial genes dictates the formation of a boundary within and around budding organs. The boundary plays a pivotal role in distinguishing one tissue type from another and provides a defined shape to the organs at their developed stage. NAM/CUC subfamily of the NAC transcription factors control the boundary formation during meristematic development.

Results

Here, we have identified the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes in sugarcane and named SsCUC2 (for the orthologous gene of CUC1 and CUC2) and SsCUC3. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed that SsCUCs occupy the CUC2 and CUC3 clade together with monocots, whereas eudicot CUC2 and CUC3 settled separately in the different clade. The structural analysis of CUC genes showed that most of the CUC3 genes were accompanied by an intron gain during eudicot divergence. Besides, the study of SsCUCs expression in the RNA-seq obtained during different stages of ovule development revealed that SsCUCs express in developing young tissues, and the expression of SsCUC2 is regulated by miR164. We also demonstrate that SsCUC2 (a monocot) could complement the cuc2cuc3 mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis (eudicot).

Conclusions

This study further supports that CUC2 has diverged in CUC1 and CUC2 during the evolution of monocots and eudicots from ancestral plants. The functional analysis of CUC expression patterns during sugarcane ovule development and ectopic expression of SsCUC2 in Arabidopsis showed that SsCUC2 has a conserved role in boundary formation. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the functions of sugarcane CUC genes. Our results reveal the crucial functional role of CUC genes in sugarcane.
Propensity-matched analysis of the efficacy of olanexidine gluconate versus chlorhexidine-alcohol as an antiseptic agent in thoracic esophagectomy
Authors: Fujita Takeo , Okada Naoya , Sato Takuji , Sato Kazuma , Fujiwara Hisashi , Kojima Takashi , Daiko Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

Background

In the present matched-cohort study, we investigated the efficacy of olanexidine gluconate in comparison with chlorhexidine-alcohol as an antiseptic agent in thoracic esophagectomy.

Methods

A total of 372 patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo thoracic esophagectomy between 2016 and 2018 were assigned to one of two groups based on the preoperative antiseptic agent used in thoracic esophagectomy. We investigated the incidence of surgical site infectious complications in the propensity-matched cohort.

Results

Based on the propensity score, 116 patients prepared with 1.5% olanexidine gluconate and 114 patients prepared with 1.0% chlorhexidine-alcohol as surgical skin antisepsis were selected. No significant intergroup differences were observed with respect to incisional surgical site infection (0.8% in the olanexidine group versus 0.8% in the chlorhexidine group) and deep fascial/organ space surgical site infection (1.7%/10.3% in the olanexidine group versus 3.5%/15.7% in the chlorhexidine group, p = 0.39/p = 0.03). Notably, the respective incidences of surgical site infection except anastomotic leakage were 1.7% and 7.0% in the olanexidine and chlorhexidine groups (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Olanexidine gluconate was well tolerated and significantly reduced incidence of surgical site infection except anastomotic leakage in comparison with chlorhexidine-alcohol as an antiseptic agent in thoracic esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection.
Family and case–control genetic study of MSX1 polymorphisms in peg-shaped teeth Jordanian population
Authors: Alkhatib Rami , Hawamdeh Razan , Al-Eitan Laith , Abdo Nour , Obeidat Fadi , Al-Bataineh Mohamed , Aman Hatem
Published: January 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the genetic association of specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the muscle segment homeobox gene 1 (MSX1) with susceptibility to the peg-shaped teeth in 36 Jordanian Arab families and case–control samples in the Jordanian Arab population.

Methods

This cohort involved 108 individuals (36 trios families), which were used for family-based genetic study. Additionally, 56 patients and 57 controls were used for case–control study. Genomic DNA samples from both families and case–control were extracted according to distinguished processes. Then, polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) was conducted using specific primers for the axons of the MSX1. Moreover, DNA sequencing genotyping method analysis of SNPs was used to detect specified SNPs in the MSX1 linked with peg-shaped teeth. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and Chi-square were used to evaluate the data quality and the presence of any genotypic error. In addition, Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) was used identify family-based association in which trios of parents and proband are used.

Results

The results of this study showed fourteen polymorphic sites in this gene, eight of them (rs121913129, rs104893852, rs104893853, rs121913130, rs104893850, rs1095, rs3775261, and rs1042484) were none-polymorphic. Meanwhile, the minor allele frequencies of the rest of the SNPs were polymorphic (rs8670, rs12532, rs3821949, rs4464513, rs1907998, and rs6446693). However, none of these SNPs were associated with peg-shaped teeth. Moreover, the haplotype genetic analysis revealed that there was no genetic association with peg-shaped teeth disorder susceptibility (P > 0.05) in the Jordanian families of Arab descent.

Conclusions

The present findings can be used in estimation of prevalence of peg-shaped teeth in the Jordanian population. However, our findings revealed that there is no evidence that the MSX1 polymorphisms had a crucial role in the peg-shaped teeth phenomenon, emphasizing that other genes might have this role. These findings are beneficial for clinicians to comprehensively understand the molecular aspects of teeth abnormalities.
Is respectful care provided by community health workers associated with infant feeding practices? A cross sectional analysis from India
Authors: Diamond-Smith Nadia , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi , Walker Dilys , Fernald Lia , Menon Purnima , Patil Sumeet
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in India do not meet recommendations. Community health care workers (CHWs) are often the primary source of information for pregnant and postpartum women about Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. While existing research has evaluated the effectiveness of content and delivery of information through CHWs, little is known about the quality of the interpersonal communication (respectful care). We analyzed the effect of respectful interactions on recommended IYCF practices.

Methods

We use data from evaluation of an at-scale mHealth intervention in India that serves as a job aid to the CHWs (n = 3266 mothers of children < 12 m from 841 villages in 2 Indian states). The binary indicator variable for respectful care is constructed using a set of 7 questions related to trust, respect, friendliness during these interactions. The binary outcomes variables are exclusive breastfeeding, timely introduction of complimentary feeding, and minimum diet diversity for infants. We also explore if most of the pathway from respectful care to improved behaviors is through better recall of messages (mediation analysis). All models controlled for socio-economic-demographic characteristics and number of interactions with the CHW.

Results

About half of women reported positive, respectful interactions with CHWs. Interactions that are more respectful were associated with better recall of appropriate health messages. Interactions that are more respectful were associated with a greater likelihood of adopting all child-feeding behaviors except timely initiation of breastfeeding. After including recall in the model, the effect of respectful interactions alone reduced.

Conclusions

Respectful care from CHWs appears to be significantly associated with some behaviors around infant feeding, with the primary pathway being through better recall of messages. Focusing on improving social and soft skills of CHWs that can translate into better CHW-beneficiary interactions can pay rich dividends.

Funding

This study is funded by Grant No. OPP1158231 from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Trial registration number:https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN83902145
Dysbiotic microbes and how to find them: a review of microbiome profiling in prostate cancer
Authors: Salachan Paul Vinu , Sørensen Karina Dalsgaard
Published: January 2022

The role of the microbiota in human health and disease is well established, including its effects on several cancer types. However, the role of microbial dysbiosis in prostate cancer development, progression, and response to treatment is less well understood. This knowledge gap could perhaps be implicated in the lack of better risk stratification and prognostic tools that incorporate risk factors such as bacterial infections and inflammatory signatures. With over a decade’s research investigating associations between microbiome and prostate carcinogenesis, we are ever closer to finding the crucial biological link between the two. Yet, definitive answers remain elusive, calling for continued research into this field. In this review, we outline the three frequently used NGS based analysis methodologies that are used for microbiome profiling, thereby serving as a quick guide for future microbiome research. We next provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge of the role of the human microbiome in prostate cancer development, progression, and treatment response. Finally, we describe proposed mechanisms of host-microbe interactions that could lead to prostate cancer development, progression or treatment response.
Comparison of flexion relaxation phenomenon between female yogis and matched non-athlete group
Authors: Ramezani Marzyeh , Kordi Yoosefinejad Amin , Motealleh Alireza , Ghofrani-Jahromi Mohsen
Published: January 2022

Background

Trunk flexion is a common exercise during daily activities. Flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) occurs during forward bending in which there is a sudden silence of erector spinae (ES) muscles. The pattern of forward bending differs in yoga practitioners. This learned pattern probably predisposes yogis to injuries. The hypothesis of this study was that FRP differs in yogis in comparison to non-yogis individuals.

Methods

This observational cross-sectional study was performed on 60 women assigned into yogis and non-athlete groups. Each participant was asked to bend forward and then return to the initial position. ES activity was recorded at L3 level, 4 cm from mid line during the trial. Trunk inclination and lumbar flexion angles were calculated at FRP onset and cessation moments.

Results

The FRP occurred in 80% of yoga practitioners in comparison to 96.7% in the control group. Trunk inclination angle was significantly greater at FRP initiation in yogis compared to control group. Lumbar flexion angle was not different between the groups.

Conclusions

It is concluded that the altered pattern of forward bending observed in yogis may change patterns of ES muscles activity if it becomes part of a person's daily lifestyle which might predispose these muscles to fatigue and subsequent injuries; however, further studies are warranted for clarification.
Structural diversity of marine anti-freezing proteins, properties and potential applications: a review
Authors: Ghalamara Soudabeh , Silva Sara , Brazinha Carla , Pintado Manuela
Published: January 2022

Cold-adapted organisms, such as fishes, insects, plants and bacteria produce a group of proteins known as antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The specific functions of AFPs, including thermal hysteresis (TH), ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), dynamic ice shaping (DIS) and interaction with membranes, attracted significant interest for their incorporation into commercial products. AFPs represent their effects by lowering the water freezing point as well as preventing the growth of ice crystals and recrystallization during frozen storage. The potential of AFPs to modify ice growth results in ice crystal stabilizing over a defined temperature range and inhibiting ice recrystallization, which could minimize drip loss during thawing, improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of frozen products. Most cryopreservation studies using marine-derived AFPs have shown that the addition of AFPs can increase post-thaw viability. Nevertheless, the reduced availability of bulk proteins and the need of biotechnological techniques for industrial production, limit the possible usage in foods. Despite all these drawbacks, relatively small concentrations are enough to show activity, which suggests AFPs as potential food additives in the future. The present work aims to review the results of numerous investigations on marine-derived AFPs and discuss their structure, function, physicochemical properties, purification and potential applications.

Graphical Abstract
Aerodynamic loads and bridge responses under train passage: case study of an overpass steel box-girder cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Zhang Xun , Chen Tao , Liu Yuyi , Lu Bin
Published: January 2022

Increased train speeds have led to significant train-induced wind problems. This paper describes a numerical study of the aerodynamic loads produced when a train passes under a bridge and the bridge dynamic response based on a steel box-girder cable-stayed bridge. The results indicate that the wind pressure on the bottom plate and the maximum lift on the beam sections increase as the train speed increases or as the clearance under the bridge decreases. Changes in the intersection angle are found to have a greater impact on the 1/4-span and 3/4-span regions. The effects of the various influencing factors are basically the same in the construction and operation stages. As the train speed increases or the clearance under the bridge decreases, the bridge responses exhibit an upward trend. As the intersection angle decreases, the vibration displacement tends to increase, but the effects on the vibration acceleration and maximum counter-force of the temporary pier are not consistent. Compared with the construction stage, the dynamic responses of the main girder are smaller in the operation stage due to the larger overall rigidity and the support constraints. In the parameter ranges investigated in this study, the absolute values of maximum vertical bridge vibration displacement and acceleration decrease from 4 to 16 mm and from 85 to 400 mm/s2, respectively, in the construction stage to 1–5 mm and 42–174 mm/s2 in the operation stage. Moreover, the counter-force falling on the temporary pier after the main girder turns does not exceed the 2000-kN positive force or 300-kN negative force limits. In the operation stage, the bridge vibration responses will not affect the comfort of pedestrians.
Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Febrianti Rita , Khasani Ikhsan , Rosada Keukeu Kaniawati
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Febrianti R, Khasani I, Rosada KK. 2021. Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 111-120. A breeding program to improve the growth performance of the gourami fish was carried out through selection methods that produced faster growth gourami (selected population). The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the selected gourami to Aeromonas hydrophila infection based on tolerance limits (LD50) and investigated clinical signs post-injection of the pathogenic bacteria. The challenge test by intramuscular injection of A. hydrophila was done to the fingerling fish (15-20 g) for 14 days post-infection. The population of the tested fish was obtained from six families, selected gourami (SP), and non-selected control (CP) groups. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control and several doses of the pathogen, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila, were injected into the fish. Fish mortality and clinical signs were observed daily. The fish mortality was confirmed by isolating bacteria in the fish which showed clinical signs, followed by biochemical characterization of the isolated bacteria using API 20E and PCR. The LD50 of A. hydrophila to the selected population (9.70 × 105 CFU/mL) was higher than that of the control (6.50 × 104 CFU/mL). On the final day of the test, the accumulation mortality of CP (63.33±5.77%) higher than that in SP (33.33±5.77%). Based on the output test statistics, it was known that there was a significant difference between the mortality and clinical signs of SP and CP. The data suggested that the selected gourami were more resistant to A. hydrophila infection than that of the control. The A. hydrophila infection caused most of the major clinical signs, including mass mortality of the fish. The biochemical and PCR test ensure that fish mortality was caused by A. hydrophila infection.
Larval habitats characteristics of Culicinae subfamily in the south of Iran
Authors: Doosti Sara , Yaghoobi Ershadi Mohamad Reza , Sedaghat Mohamad Mehdi , Akbarzadeh Kamran , GODWIN GIDIGLO NUTIFAFA
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Doosti S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Sedahhat MM, Akbarzadeh K, Godwin GN. 2021. Larval habitats characteristics of Culicinae subfamily in southern of Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 194-201. Globally, mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are known vectors of many diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever, Sindbis, West Nile virus, Rift Vally fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Filariasis. This study aimed to determine larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes in the southern part of Iran during 2009-2013. The study was carried out in mosquitoes' larval habitats, and samples were collected using dipping and pipette methods. The larvae were kept in lactophenol solution and transferred to the laboratory of Medical Entomology. Then, microscopic slides were prepared and species were identified using reliable morphological keys. Characteristics of larval breeding places were investigated based on the habitat type, water conditions, vegetation, and sunlight exposure. A total of 8188 mosquito larvae were collected from 209 different breeding places. In all, 20 mosquito species belonging to 4 genera were identified. Culex quienquefaciatus, Cx. pipiens, Culiseta longiareolata, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. sitiens, Cx. theileri and Aedes caspius were the most common species found in this study. The southern part of Iran has the most wharfs and airports across the country. Additionally, there is a high diversity of medically important mosquito species like Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vexans from the Culicidae family. The species are capable of vectoring various diseases in the southern part of Iran; hence, there is a need for more investigations.
NATIONAL GOALS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF PERCEPTION OF THE YOUTH LIVING IN THE ALTAI REGION
Authors: Schaihislamov Rafael B. , Maximova Svetlana G. , Surtaeva Olga V. , Omelchenko Daria A.
Published: January 2022

Since the achievement of the national development goals of the Russian Federation requires citizens to be aware of their importance and conscious participation in their implementation, there is a need for a sociological analysis of the ideas that young people have about the possibilities and key subjects of the implementation of national goals, because the social activity of youth is a driving force of socio-economic and socio-political processes. In 2020, an empirical study in the form of a standardized interview and remote data collection technologies was conducted among the young population of the Altai Krai (n = 1597, respondents’ age from 16 to 30 years). The article presents the results of the analysis of the opinions of the youth of the Altai Krai about implement the national development goals of the Russian Federation and how it could be done. It was revealed that all five national goals, according to the respondents, should be implemented with the participation of both the state and civil society. The role of the state is more important in the implementation of the goals "Comfortable and safe environment for life", "Decent, effective work and successful entrepreneurship" and "Digital transformation". It has been also found that the importance of the state as a major responsible depends on the age: the older a young person is, the more often he names the state as a key subject in the implementation of the national goals of the Russian Federation. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of measures for the youth policy of the Russian Federation, as well as educational programs aimed at informing young people about national goals and the formation in the minds of young people of an attitude towards the need to achieve them.
GENDER EQUALITY AS A BASIS FOR HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY: SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECT
Authors: Golovinova Yulya V.
Published: January 2022

Within the framework of this publication, an urgent problem is considered - gender equality as a platform for full-fledged sustainable and harmonious development of the state and society in the brow. The author focuses on two aspects, sociological and legal. The article examines the phenomenon of gender equality using the achievements of gender sociology as a special sectoral sociological discipline that studies the processes of development and social interaction of male and female communities. However, the investigated issues are also cognized taking into account the achievements of the theory of law and state and the science of constitutional law. In our opinion, such a positive heuristic synthesis allows us to study the subject of the publication - the principle of gender equality. By the purpose of the work, the author understands an attempt to identify and show social and legal mechanisms that make it possible to eliminate gender asymmetry in relations that are currently demarcated by gender. The publication established that an illegitimate encroachment restricting human rights is a flagrant injustice. In this capacity, equality as a principle of law is nothing more than the ideal of a just structure of the state and society, which is characterized by the comprehensive implementation and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Therefore, equality canonizes parity in the relationship between the individual and the state, discrimination on the part of state bodies with this interpretation is excluded.