bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation de la résilience chez des enfants placés, du point de vue des professionnels des services de protection de l’enfance de l’Ontario, Canada
Authors: Louis Robert
Published: February 2020

Quoique la résilience ait été scientifiquement étudiée sous différents angles, son activation, via un accompagnement significatif réalisé par un professionnel, suscite un intérêt particulier notamment dans la recherche de stratégies innovantes d’intervention spécifiquement auprès des enfants exposés à la maltraitance. À travers la lentille des savoirs pratiques de cinquante travailleurs sociaux des services de protection de l’enfance de l’Ontario, cette étude a documenté précisément l’activation du processus de résilience d’enfants ayant été confrontés à des situations de maltraitance, et réputés avoir mobilisé leur plein potentiel de résilience, du point de vue des participants. La posture interdisciplinaire adoptée ici, entraîne une ouverture sur plusieurs champs d’investigation, ainsi qu’une mise en conjonction des savoirs disciplinaires divers mobilisant des données empiriques et des matériaux théoriques. Les avancées des neurosciences par exemple, permettent de mieux saisir ce qui s’observe empiriquement. Notre analyse des récits de pratique révèle que le mécanisme par lequel s’active le processus de résilience se met véritablement en branle lorsque l’enfant, lui-même, mais à la faveur du contact avec un tuteur de résilience, parvient à saisir le présent, à vaincre sa peur, à s’approprier son sentiment d’existence, à trouver sa place au sein de la société. Cette posture de l’enfant découle d’interventions qui mettent l’accent sur l’encadrement, le soutien, l’aide et les ressources nécessaires, conditions sine qua non pour que s’active la résilience. Nous innovons donc. Nous proposons à travers cette étude, le concept de résilience activée , que nous définissons comme suit : Le fait pour un individu, avec l’aide d’un tuteur de résilience, de parvenir à saisir le présent, à vaincre sa peur, à s’approprier son sentiment d’existence et, à trouver sa place au sein de la société.
Médecins du monde et le principe d’universalisme proportionné appliqué à la prévention du cancer du col de l’utérus
Authors: Laurence Sophie , Lallemand Anne , Chappuis Marielle , Rochefort Jeanine
Published: February 2020

Depuis plus de trente ans, Médecins du Monde (MDM) intervient auprès des personnes en situation de grande précarité, afin de promouvoir ou faciliter leur accès aux droits et aux soins. Les femmes qui sont accueillies sur les programmes de MDM cumulent de nombreux facteurs de risque de développer des lésions précancéreuses et cancéreuses du col de l’utérus et sont également particulièrement éloignées des dispositifs de soins et de prévention. Ces constats ont incité les équipes de MDM à développer une stratégie d’universalisme proportionné afin d’améliorer l’accès à la prévention pour les publics en situation de grande précarité, en allant au-devant des populations et en proposant des consultations spécifiques de prévention. Cette approche combine plusieurs méthodes afin de prendre en compte les inégalités : la médiation en santé, l’accès à une information claire et adaptée grâce au recours à l’interprétariat professionnel et à des consultations réalisées par des équipes sensibilisées au counselling . Enfin, MDM offre une palette d’outils de dépistage et propose un autoprélèvement (APV) vaginal à la recherche de papillomavirus à haut risque oncogène. Il s’agit par ces actions de favoriser les approches multisectorielles combinant des interventions multiniveaux, de créer les conditions de la participation des publics et de favoriser l’ empowerment à travers le développement et la diffusion d’outils spécifiques.
Éthique et dépistages organisés des cancers en France
Authors: Moutel Grégoire , Darquy Sylviane , Jullian Odile , Duchange Nathalie
Published: February 2020

Le dépistage des cancers est une des priorités des Plans cancer en France depuis 2003. Cependant, la participation aux programmes de dépistage reste en deçà des objectifs attendus. La prédominance de la valeur de l’autonomie dans la société actuelle peut mettre en péril le bien-fondé d’une action de santé publique si celle-ci ne remporte pas l’adhésion des personnes. Le Groupe de réflexion sur l’éthique du dépistage (Gred) mis en place par l’Institut national du cancer (INCa) a réuni des experts de différentes disciplines autour de cette problématique. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une synthèse des travaux du groupe qui s’est intéressé successivement aux programmes de dépistage du cancer du sein et du cancer colorectal, puis à la mise en place du dépistage organisé du cancer du col de l’utérus. L’information et l’éducation pour la santé apparaissent être des leviers pour permettre aux individus de comprendre l’intérêt collectif des politiques de santé publique et ainsi d’adhérer de manière informée aux actions proposées. Ceci peut être rendu possible par la délivrance d’une information complète et de qualité, abordant les limites de chaque dépistage en en présentant les bénéfices ainsi que les risques. La valorisation de la dimension collective de la santé publique qui fait appel à la solidarité doit permettre de sensibiliser à la bonne utilisation du bien public.
Littératie en santé et prévention du cancer
Authors: Ruel Julie , Moreau André C. , Ndengeyingoma Assumpta , Arwidson Pierre , Allaire Cécile
Published: February 2020

Au cours des dernières années, on note une diminution des taux de mortalité liée au cancer, même si celui-ci demeure la première cause de décès en France et au Québec. Quelques facteurs contribuent à cette réduction des taux de mortalité. Sont à verser au crédit de cette évolution un meilleur dépistage du cancer, de meilleurs suivis offerts lorsque des anomalies sont dépistées et, enfin, le traitement du cancer qui ne cesse de profiter des nouvelles découvertes, celles-ci fournissant un ensemble de mesures de plus en plus efficaces pour lutter contre cette maladie. Il faut également citer les campagnes de promotion pour l’adoption de saines habitudes de vie, notamment contre le tabagisme. Cependant, le cancer touche davantage certains sous-groupes. On constate, en effet, des taux de cancer plus élevés et un taux de dépistage plus bas chez certaines catégories de la population, ce qui entraîne une disparité des taux de cancer selon les sous-groupes. Un niveau de compétences insuffisant en littératie en santé serait un facteur identifié pour expliquer ces différences. Selon cette hypothèse, le présent article propose d’abord une brève définition de ce qu’est la littératie en général et de la littératie en santé, en précisant certains comportements associés aux compétences dans ce domaine. Sont ensuite présentées des données issues d’études ayant analysé les liens entre la littératie et le dépistage du cancer en général et certains cancers en particulier. En conclusion, une piste de réflexion est soumise afin de mieux considérer la littératie lors du dépistage du cancer.
Information sur le risque familial de cancer colorectal. Regards croisés sur l’efficacité d’une intervention personnalisée
Authors: Ingrand Isabelle , Gaussot Ludovic , Richard Elisabeth , Drouet Griselda , Moreau Fabienne , Ingrand Pierre
Published: February 2020

Objectif : Une information sur les niveaux de risque est un élément essentiel de la prévention du cancer colorectal (CCR). L’objectif de cet article est de décrire une intervention personnalisée dans le but d’informer les protagonistes (patients atteints de CCR ou d’adénome, fratries et médecins) sur le risque élevé de CCR lié à l’existence d’antécédents familiaux, puis de comprendre, à travers une analyse interdisciplinaire, les mécanismes mis en œuvre lors de l’intervention. Méthode : Un schéma d’essai randomisé a été appliqué. Le critère de jugement principal était la réalisation de la coloscopie. L’intervention concernait d’abord les patients index atteints de CCR ou porteurs d’un adénome avec, pour objectif, de les conseiller et les accompagner dans la transmission, aux membres de leur fratrie, de l’information sur le risque élevé de CCR. Les fratries recevaient un conseil personnalisé délivré par une infirmière de prévention, par téléphone puis par courrier. Des analyses croisées épidémiologiques, linguistiques et sociologiques ont été réalisées afin de comprendre l’impact de l’intervention. Résultats : Le taux de coloscopies était de 56,3 % dans le groupe intervention, 35,4 % dans le groupe témoin ( p  = 0,0027 ; 304 frères/sœurs). L’analyse linguistique des enregistrements des interventions téléphoniques de l’infirmière a montré que le discours des fratries qui avaient réalisé la coloscopie était mieux construit, plus stabilisé dans le groupe intervention ( n  = 59) que dans le groupe témoin ( n  = 8), ce que confirme l’analyse sociologique (quatre monographies), qui montre, en outre, l’importance d’une information transmise par un professionnel de santé et de la communication au sein des familles. Conclusion : L’étude a montré l’impact de la transmission de l’information pour convaincre les fratries à risque élevé de CCR de réaliser la coloscopie.
Représentations du dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal : le point de vue des médecins généralistes
Authors: Le Bonniec Alice , Préau Marie , Cousson-Gélie Florence
Published: February 2020

Objectifs : Diverses études ont révélé que les médecins généralistes ont une grande influence sur l’adhésion de la population au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal. Face à des taux de dépistage très faibles en France (29,8 %), cette étude vise à appréhender le contexte du dépistage, les représentations des médecins et les enjeux de l’arrivée d’un nouveau test de dépistage dans la façon d’envisager la pratique médicale. Méthodes : Sur la base d’une méthodologie qualitative, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de 17 médecins généralistes en 2014-2015. Une analyse de contenu thématique a été réalisée. Résultats : Les médecins interrogés affirment aborder rapidement le dépistage du cancer colorectal, et ce en fin de consultation, avec d’autres examens de dépistage (mammographie), en raison d’un manque de temps et de la nécessité de gérer plusieurs motifs de consultation. N’ayant eu que très peu d’informations sur le nouveau test, ils rapportent donc ne pas avoir d’attentes particulières envers celui-ci. L’analyse a également révélé une incohérence perçue par les médecins entre le rôle qu’ils pensent devoir jouer auprès des patients dans la prévention et le dépistage et la réalité de leur pratique qui ne leur laisse que peu de temps à y consacrer. Conclusions : Un manque d’information concernant l’arrivée du nouveau test ainsi que des difficultés liées à l’organisation des soins viennent impacter les représentations de la gestion du dépistage. La mise en place d’une consultation dédiée à la prévention pourrait être une perspective d’amélioration de la participation au dépistage.
Evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties of cement-lime based masonry mortars produced with mixed recycled aggregates
Authors: Ferreira R. L.S. , Anjos M. A.S. , Ledesma E. F. , Pereira J. E.S. , Nóbrega A. K.C.
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the physical-mechanical effects of cement-lime mortars containing recycled aggregate of construction and demolition waste (CDW). The natural aggregate (NA) was replaced by volume at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by mixed recycled aggregate (MRA) obtained from the CDW crushing. Five types of mortars were prepared with a volumetric ratio of 1:1:6 (cement, lime and aggregate) and water/binder ratio based on the fixed consistency of 260 mm. The effects of MRA on fresh and hardened mortars’ properties were analyzed. The results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. MRA incorporation improved most of the physical-mechanical properties of mortars tested, except for hardened bulk density, water absorption and porosity. In the long-run, mechanical strengths significantly increased in all compositions, especially those with higher percentages of MRA. The results obtained showed that the use of MRA in masonry mortars is an alternative to reduce the generation of waste and consumption of natural resources.
Chassis Monopost Reconstruction through Virtual Prototyping
Authors: Dumitru Ilie , Paraschiv Gigel , Matei Lucian , Racila Laurentiu
Published: February 2020

In the last 40 years CAD engineering has taken a considerable advantage in all domains. This has been imposed by the changes that have occurred in most of the environments with which engineering interacts in general, as well as by the technological advancement that has made the use of computers that have become increasingly efficient and are now indispensable to the technology [1]. The tendency of this period was consumer because prices fell as a consequence of globalization, the technique evolved, the standards became very rigorous, and the laws began to protect the consumer more.
Aspects of Side Impact Research
Authors: Ciunel Stefanita , Klement Cristian , Clinciu Mihai Constantin
Published: February 2020

According to official statistics, road transport is one of the most dangerous and costly in terms of life and costs of hospitalization and post-accident medication. Thus, safety is a matter of great interest at national level and, perhaps internationally. Road safety on public roads in Romania is low compared to international standards. The mortality rate is more than twice the EU average. Given that road traffic and victim maintenance costs are a real economic problem, a European harmonization of the recording and assessment of events involving the bodily injuries of those involved in road events is necessary. Road events are one of the main causes of mortality in modern society. For this reason, the safety of motor vehicles has become the most important issue in their development. Road traffic injuries are a problem that can be controlled by proper attention to traffic avoidance strategies. Side impact is the second major cause of mortality and injury after frontal impact in road traffic analysis.
An Applied Study on the Influence of the Vehicle Body Shape on Air Resistance
Authors: Oţăt Oana Victoria , Dumitru Ilie , Oţăt Victor , Tutunea Dragos , Matei Lucian
Published: February 2020

The current high-geared developments within the automotive sector have triggered a series of performance, comfort, safety and design-related issues. Hence, oftentimes manufacturers are challenged to combine various elements so as to achieve an attractive design, without diminishing the vehicle’s dynamic performance. Under the circumstances, the shape of the vehicle body becomes the key element that connects the design component with the performance requirement, since it directly influences the value of the resistance forces, and, respectively the air resistance. Aerodynamics is the branch of mechanical engineering that deals with the movement of gases (especially the air) and their effects on fluids. As far as the automotive sector is concerned, aerodynamics focuses mainly on the flow of the air currents over the vehicle body. When designing vehicle, the positive or negative displacement of the airflow is studied in aerodynamic tunnels. It is preferable for the negative displacement to push the vehicle as close to the ground as possible. In what follows we set out to study the influence of the drag coefficient and, implicitly, of the air resistance on vehicle performance. Hence, we will carry out comparative analysis of two vehicles with similar technical characteristics, but with different bodies, i.e. a hatchback and a sedan. The results obtained are then compared both by means of the analytical determination of the air resistance and via a simulation performed within the Virtual Crash software platform. The results recorded show that of the two vehicles, with the considered aerodynamic coefficients, hatchback type vehicle displays lower values in terms of air resistance.
Real Time Prediction of Sclera Force with LSTM Neural Networks in Robot-Assisted Retinal Surgery
Authors: He Chang Yan , Patel Niravkumar , Kobilarov Marin , Iordachita Iulian
Published: February 2020

Retinal microsurgery is one of the most technically demanding surgeries, during which the surgical tool needs to be inserted into the eyeball and is constantly constrained by the sclerotomy port. During the surgery, any unexpected manipulation could cause extreme tool-sclera contact force leading to sclera damage. Although, a robot assistant could reduce hand tremor and improve the tool positioning accuracy, it cannot prevent or alarm the surgeon about the upcoming danger caused by surgeon’s misoperations, i.e., applying excessive force on the sclera. In this paper, we present a new method based on a Long Short Term Memory recurrent neural network for predicting the user behavior, i.e., the contact force between the tool and sclera (sclera force) and the insertion depth of the tool from sclera contact point (insertion depth) in real time (40Hz). The predicted force information is provided to the user through auditory feedback to alarm any unexpected sclera force. The user behavior data is collected in a mock retinal surgical operation on a dry eye phantom with Steady Hand Eye Robot and a novel multi-function sensing tool. The Long Short Term Memory recurrent neural network is trained on the collected time series of sclera force and insertion depth. The network can predict the sclera force and insertion depth 100 milliseconds in the future with 95.29% and 96.57% accuracy, respectively, and can help reduce the fraction of unsafe sclera forces from 40.19% to 15.43%.
Dynamic and Modal Analysis of a Snake like Robot
Authors: Ciurezu-Gherghe Leonard Marius , Dumitru Nicolae , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel , Copiluși Cristian
Published: February 2020

In this paper a modal and dynamic analysis of a snake like robot is performed. Modal analysis consist in determination of own vibration modes and natural frequencies. The proposed dynamic analysis was performed in order to determine the variation time/frequency laws for the cinematic and dynamics parameters.
Studies on the Variation of the Process Parameters when Braking DC Motors with Shoe Brakes
Authors: Cernaianu Adrian , Cernaianu Corina , Stăncuț Eugenia , Ciurezu-Gherghe Leonard Marius
Published: February 2020

The paper aims to present some studies on the influence of mechanical braking systems with shoes on separately excited DC motors, intended to change the regime speeds. The researches were carried out by braking a 5 W DC motor with a maximum speed of 700 rpm, intended for special drives, with the help of a polyamide half-shoe brake, when measuring the variation of some process parameters: speed of the motor under the braking conditions, the temperature inside the shoe and the electrical parameters of the motor - voltage, current, power and energy consumed.
Dynamic Answer of a Human Ankle Joint Implant
Authors: Copiluși Cristian , Dumitru Nicolae , Margine Alexandru , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses to a research of a dynamic answer obtained through numerical simulations of a human ankle joint implant with finite element method. The research background consists of an inverse dynamic analysis based on Newton-Euler formalism completed with Lagrange’s multipliers method. Thus, a parameterized virtual model of a human ankle joint was elaborated and simulated together with the implant, in dynamic conditions similar with real ones in reality. A results numerical processing was obtained with the aid of MSC Nastran and important results were obtained for orthopedic implants design.
Oxygen Sensor Testing for Automotive Applications
Authors: Tutunea Dragos , Dumitru Ilie , Oţăt Oana Victoria , Racila Laurentiu , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel , Rotea Claudia Cristina
Published: February 2020

During the operation of internal combustion engines the air-fuel ratio (A/F) is an important parameter which affects fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The automotive oxygen sensor (Lambda) measures the quantity of residual oxygen in the combustion gases. Sensor degradation in time due to the exposure to high temperatures causes a distortion in controlling the A/F with the increase in gas emissions. In this paper an experimental stand is designed to test oxygen sensor degradation in laboratory condition. Four oxygen sensors were tested function of temperature and time recording their variation in resistance and voltage. The results showed similar values in the curves for all sensors tested.
Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting of Extra-Hard Steels
Authors: Tică Bebe , Ciunel Stefanita , Marinescu Gabriel Cătălin
Published: February 2020

The processing of materials with a hardness greater than 55 HRC has always required the use of unconventional or grinding methods in order to obtain the quality and precision required by the technical conditions. For these reasons, the researches of the last decades have developed an unconventional method of processing, with great precision and precision, by assisting the classic processing techniques, with forced, unamortized, low amplitude ultrasonic vibrations. The present paper presents the results of some researches regarding the processing of extradural materials, by the assisted realization of the non-cushioned, low amplitude ultrasonic vibrations. It is demonstrated that this method of processing can obtain very fine surfaces, sometimes being able to replace the grinding, with much lower costs, in terms of energy consumption and tool wear.
About the Static Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Hemp Composites
Authors: Miriţoiu Cosmin Mihai , Craciunoiu Nicolae , Bolcu Alexandru , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel , Valeriu Ionica , Pădeanu Adriana Paula , Vaşarhelean Ion Gabriel
Published: February 2020

In this paper, static mechanical characteristics for some epoxy/hemp composites are studied. By using the tensile test, the static mechanical characteristics are determined, such as: breaking strength, yield stress, Young modulus and breaking elongation. There is also determined the standard deviation. Then, by using some known theories, there is validated the static Young modulus.
Tax Rules of Buildings from Craiova in 2019
Authors: Băbălau Anişoara
Published: February 2020

Taxes have a mandatory character, they are paid in money form by taxable subjects (natural, legal persons and entities without legal personality) for the realized income, the provision of services and the goods they own. Taxes can be collected using several methods: stop at source (the tax is transferred to the state budget by a third person); the method of applying and canceling mobile tax stamps; offsetting the amounts paid in addition; the method of claiming compensation for legal facilities; contesting the revenues illegally collected. According to the Decision no.533 / 2018 adopted by the Local Council of Craiova, for residential buildings and annex buildings owned by natural persons, the tax rate on buildings is 0.08% on the taxable value of the building. For non-residential buildings owned by natural persons, the tax rate is 0.4% applied to the taxable value of the building. In the case of buildings owned by legal entities, the tax rate on buildings for residential ones is 0.2%, and for non-residential ones 1.3% on the taxable value of the building. Also, tax exemptions were granted for the following categories of buildings: buildings which, according to the law, are considered historical, architectural or archaeological monuments, except for the rooms that are used for economic activities; buildings used for the provision of social services by non-governmental organizations and social enterprises as providers of social services; buildings used by non-profit organizations, used exclusively for non-profit activities, etc.
Mobile Orthoses Used for the Osteoarthritic Knee Stabilization
Authors: Tarniţă Daniela , Malciu Raluca , Grigorie Laura , Oncescu Alin , Prunoiu Diana , Tarnita Danut Nicolae
Published: February 2020

In the present paper, a review of some of the common orthoses designed for osteoarthritis of the knee is performed. The functional and constructive characteristics and the main advantages that recommend them for use are presented.
Dynamics of a Linkage Mechanism Using Sample Entropy
Authors: Marghitu Dan B. , Perkins Edmon
Published: February 2020

The dynamics of a slider-crank mechanism is developed using Kane's equations of motion. The motor torque is a function of the derivative of the generalized coordinate. The nonlinear equations of motion are solved using MATLAB numerical techniques. The sample entropy is calculated for different angular velocities of the crank.
Comparison of Reward Management Practices: Reference to the Epigraph of King Mahinda IV (1026-1042 AC) and Armstrong’s Reward Management Model
Authors: Padmasiri M. K. D. , Sirisumangala R. , Harshani M. D. R.
Published: February 2020

Reward management is a significant function in Human Resource Management since its success generates lot of progressive consequences to the organization and to employees. To date, research endeavors on reward management are confined to investigate existing practices and yet to be analyzed historical applications. In order to execute mysterious in the present business context it is required to explore ancient reward management practices which were successfully implemented during the ancient era in managing rewards of employees. Accordingly, this study strives to find reward management practices applied in human resources management of monasteries during 1026 –1042 AC in Sri Lanka. Further, the research objectives of this study are to find the defined way of reward management during 1026–1042 AC, to find ancient reward management practices, and to compare reward management practices then and now. The present study applied a qualitative approach, in particular a content analysis method. Data was collected through secondary sources and the main source was the Epigraph of King Mahinda IV (1026–1042 AC) which is located in Mihintale, Sri Lanka. Analysis indicates that there were effective reward management practices in ancient times. The comparison of contemporary reward management and ancient reward management practices highlighted the variances and similarities in managing rewards of employees of two contexts; monasteries and organization.
Experimental Analysis of Ant System on Travelling Salesman Problem Dataset TSPLIB
Authors: Thirugnanasambandam Kalaipriyan , R.S Raghav. , D Saravanan. , U Prabu. , M Rajeswari.
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the vast research areas and has been considered as sub problems in many fields apart from computer science and also in the field of computer science.OBJECTIVES: This paper deals with the comparison of Ant System Ant System (AS) which is a variant of Ant Colony Optimization.METHODS: The performance of the Ant System is analysed by applying it on the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The optimal results found on TSP using AS has been analysed with the elapsed time taken to find the optimal results, its mean, median, variance and the standard deviation.RESULTS: And also, the quality of solutions has been made by calculating the percentage of the optimality and the deviation of the solutions from the TSPLIB provides best known solutions. For instances, TSPLIB data sets have been used.CONCLUSION: Totally, 7 instances have been executed with three different set of parameters for AS and the results are analysed in terms of different parameter settings and performance metrics on each of it. The role of parameters has also been discussed along with the experimental results.
An interim review of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus
Authors: Ryu Sukhyun , Chun Byung Chul
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, China is currently recognized as a public health emergency of global concern.METHODS: We reviewed the currently available literature to provide up-to-date guidance on control measures to be implemented by public health authorities.RESULTS: Some of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV have been identified. However, there remain considerable uncertainties, which should be considered when providing guidance to public health authorities on control measures.CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies incorporating more detailed information from confirmed cases would be valuable.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Theory: Learning From Each Other
Authors: Freeman R. Edward , Dmytriyev Sergiy
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the relationship between two major concepts in business ethics - stakeholder theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR). We argue that CSR is a part of corporate responsibilities (company responsibilities to all stakeholders), and show that there is a need for both concepts in business ethics, and their applicability is dependent on a particular problem we want to solve. After reviewing some criticisms of CSR - covering wrongdoing and creating false dichotomies, we suggest that incorporating some findings from recent research on stakeholder theory can help align both concepts and overcome the criticisms.  At the end of the article, we outline potential directions for future research on CSR.
The Evolution of CSR: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Mosca Fabrizio , Civera Chiara
Published: February 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been traditionally interpreted as the sum of practices, policies, and strategies linked with social and environmental benefits that corporations implement to serve multiple stakeholders’ interests simultaneously. The evolution of meanings and implications of traditional and contemporary interpretations of CSR, focuses on integrated CSR as a breakthrough approach to business, society, and environment. Several theories and trends that integrated CSR is rooted in are: stakeholder theory, ethics, value creation, and the increasing global call for sustainable growth and development, under both financial and ethical perspectives. Selected case studies will serve as empirical evidence of processes, practices, and strategic tools that can allow the integration of CSR into the company core business and will open avenues for further discussions and practical innovative developments in CSR strategy to both academics and practitioners.
Ouverture de ‘Transparency in Public Administrations’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Bisio Luca
Published: February 2020

The principle of transparency has gained increasing importance in laws and regulations, particularly in recent years with the evolution of the public administration model towards open government. The principle of transparency is configured as a guarantee of access to those who have the right, but in the evolution of the most recent laws, also constitutes access independent of the legal sphere of certain subjects, aimed at ensuring widespread and general knowledge of information.
The Role of Culture Heritage in Commercial Development and Tourism
Authors: Danesi Sandro
Published: February 2020

Territories endowed with cultural heritage, traditions, knowledge, talent, production activities, as well as activities involving services to individuals and business services, can boast benefits that can be enhanced and promoted in global markets also through appropriate communication. Territorial promotion strategies based on cultural heritage should focus on emotional aspects as well as lived experience. The social capital of the territory can be deemed as having both a positive and proactive approach towards the tourism industry.
Tourology: An Integrated Approach to Tourism Itineraries
Authors: Soglia Stefano
Published: February 2020

The recent fast-paced evolution of the travel itinerary has resulted in an increasingly complex tourist product. A greater understanding of this evolution is essential for the appropriate development of tourist destinations. New technologies and the growing interest in customised authentic travel experiences are also redefining the concept of the travel itinerary. This makes the planning and management of itineraries even more complex, and has led to the recognition of a new discipline in the field of tourism: tourology.
Collective Action for Territorial Identity in Tourism: The Case Study of Two UNESCO Sites
Authors: Storlazzi Alessandra , Lunić Darija , Micera Roberto
Published: February 2020

An innovative approach not developed in management and valorisation of tourist destinations yet considers tourism heritage and related territorial identity as a common and brings attention to the implication of the logics of self-organised and self-governed collective action of the common theory applied to territorial governance. The analysis of two case studies of two UNESCO sites is developed: the Cilento, Vallo of Diano and Alburni National Park and the city of Venice. The first represents a case of territorial domain identity characterised by collaborative governance and the second is characterised by uncooperative governance. The theory of commons and self-governed collective action applied to the two cases contributes to the definition of new research pathways and suggests innovative management strategies.
The Transposition of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive in the UK, France and Italy
Authors: Aureli Selena , Magnaghi Elisabetta , Salvatori Federica
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate how EU Member States used their discretion in transposing EU Directive n. 2014/95/EU. The Directive provided the opportunity to achieve similar levels of companies’ transparency on social and environmental matters, as well as increasing trust and encouraging more sustainable corporate behaviors. The comparison of the transposition laws in France, Italy, and the UK indicates that significant differences shape company obligations at the country level.
Illy Sustainability Business Model
Authors: Gregori Giovanna
Published: February 2020

Through the commitment to promoting sustainability and the actions it consists of, illycaffè intends to promote the development of positive behavior models and of a culture oriented towards understanding the real needs of the communities the company works with, helping them growing and making use of the technical and professional experience illy has acquired in eighty-five years. Illycaffè has pursued a sustainable business model that generates competitive advantages for the company by combining economic and financial targets with social and environmental goals. The main driver of illy’s approach to doing business is the creation of value for all of the stakeholders involved, along the entire length of the supply chain. The pursuit of sustainable quality is illycaffè's guiding principle: it is expressed through passion for excellence - meaning love for what is beautiful and well-made - and through ethics - meaning building long term value through sustainability, transparency and human development -and it generates value by promoting social growth while respecting the environment.
The Rise and Fall of CSR in Italian Local Government
Authors: Bisio Luca
Published: February 2020

CSR is an essential intangible business asset increasingly understood as a critical success factor in global markets. A new connotation of corporate responsibility, combined with a modern approach to CSR interpreted in a competitive key, can bring together economic and socio-environmental performance needs by providing adequate responses to a wide range of stakeholders. This, however, requires guaranteeing sustainability from an economic point of view as well as credibility in terms of the messages conveyed with the related communication tools. The Italian public sector has attempted to incorporate the managerial approach developed in the private sector, yet after a period of great attention to this issue, a gradual decline has manifested in the instruments supporting social responsibility and the importance they play in the internal programming, reporting, and communications cycle.
Economies of Scale and Network Economies in Industry 4.0
Authors: Büchi Giacomo , Cugno Monica , Castagnoli Rebecca
Published: February 2020

This paper analyses the role of cost differentials in the fourth industrial revolution. It uses a literature review in order to identify origins, definitions, enabling technologies and changes in company productivity. Research results show how certain Industry 4.0 enabling technologies help obtain better economic results in mass production and others that support new production models in mass production: mass customization and mass personalization. This paper is of a theoretical nature and identifies certain reflections concerning Industry 4.0’s role in managerial literature by providing interesting lines to be developed in future directions of research.
Long-Term Sour Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Anoxic Conditions
Authors: Goldman M. , Noël J.J. , Shoesmith D.W.
Published: February 2020

Coatings and cathodic protection of pipelines can fail leading to exposure of underlying steel substrate to environmental conditions. In Canada, these conditions are typically alkaline and can contain dissolved sulfides. Sulfides are known to accelerate corrosion of steel, however, the corrosion behavior may differ if a preformed oxide or oxyhydroxide is present on the steel surface. This study investigates the change in corrosion behavior of steel in anoxic alkaline conditions that is directly exposed to sulfide or has a preformed surface oxide. The electrochemical response (corrosion potential and polarization resistance) were monitored for 90 d and 120 d, while simultaneously monitoring the film composition and morphology by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In the absence of a preformed oxide the mackinawite film was able to undergo anoxic aging to greigite and pyrite whereas the electrodes with a preformed film had only mackinawite present on the surface. The interconversion of mackinawite to greigite and pyrite lead to a higher relative polarization resistance than the electrode with the preformed oxide.
Senegal
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: February 2020

Economic growth averaged 6.5 percent over the past five years, boosted by public investment under phase I of Senegal’s development strategy, the “Plan Sénégal Émergent” (PSE), and buoyant private consumption. High public financing needs led to a rapid increase in public debt and a widening of the current account deficit. The outlook remains favorable provided Senegal strictly adheres to the WAEMU fiscal deficit target of 3 percent of GDP and creates fiscal space for investment through enhanced revenue mobilization and spending efficiency to stabilize public debt. Hydrocarbon production is projected to start in 2022. The authorities requested the cancellation of the 2015-19 Policy Support Instrument (PSI) in early 2019 (with only one review left), and are now requesting approval of a three-year program supported by the Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI) to underpin implementation of the second phase of the PSE.
Runoff reaction from extreme rainfall events on natural hillslopes: a data set from 132 large-scale sprinkling experiments in south-western Germany
Authors: Ries Fabian , Kirn Lara , Weiler Markus
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Pluvial or flash floods generated by heavy precipitation
events cause large economic damage and loss of life worldwide. As discharge
observations from such extreme occurrences are rare, especially on the scale
of small catchments or even hillslopes, data from artificial sprinkling
experiments offer valuable information on runoff generation processes,
overland and subsurface flow rates, and response times. We conducted 132
large-scale sprinkling experiments on natural hillslopes at 23 sites with
different soil types and geology on pastures and arable land within the
federal state of Baden-Württemberg in south-western Germany. The
experiments were realized between 2016 and 2017. Simulated rainfall events
of varying durations were based on (a) the site-specific 100-year return
periods of rainfall with different durations and (b) the maximum rainfall
intensity observed locally. The 100 m2 experimental area was
divided into three individual plots, and overland and subsurface flow, soil
moisture, and water level dynamics in the temporarily saturated soil zone
were measured at 1 min resolution. Furthermore, soil characteristics were
described in detail for each site. The data were carefully processed and
corrected for measurement errors and combined into a consistent and easy-to-use database. The experiments revealed large variability in possible
runoff responses to similar rainfall characteristics. In general,
agricultural fields produced more overland flow than grassland. The latter
generated hardly any runoff during the first simulated 100-year event on
initially dry soils. The data set provides valuable information on runoff
generation variability from natural hillslopes and may be used for the
development and evaluation of hydrological models, especially those
considering physical processes governing runoff generation during extreme
precipitation events. The data set presented in this paper is freely
available from the FreiDok plus data repository at
https://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/151460 (Ries et al., 2019).
Development of “Physical Parametrizations with PYthon” (PPPY, version 1.1) and its usage to reduce the time-step dependency in a microphysical scheme
Authors: Riette Sébastien
Published: February 2020

Abstract. To help develop and compare physical parametrizations such as those found in a numerical weather or climate model, a new tool was developed.
This tool provides a framework with which to plug external parametrizations, run them in an offline mode (using one of the two time-advance methods available), save the results and plot diagnostics.
The software can be used in a 0-D and a 1-D mode with schemes originating from various models.
As for now, microphysical schemes from the Meso-NH model, the AROME (Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale) model and the Weather Research and Forecasting model have been successfully plugged.
As an application, Physical Parametrizations with PYthon (PPPY) is used in this paper to suppress the origin of the time-step dependency of the microphysical scheme used in the Météo-France small-scale operational numerical weather model.
The tool helped to identify the origin of the dependency and to check the efficiency of the introduced corrections.
Quantifying CanESM5 and EAMv1 sensitivities to volcanic forcing
for the CMIP6 historical experiment
Authors: Rieger Landon A. , Cole Jason N. S. , Fyfe John C. , Po-Chedley Stephen , Cameron-Smith Philip J. , Durack Paul J. , Gillett Nathan P. , Tang Qi
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Large volcanic eruptions reaching the stratosphere have caused marked perturbations to the global climate including cooling at the Earth's surface, changes in large-scale circulation and precipitation patterns and marked temporary reductions in global ocean heat content. Many studies have investigated these effects using climate models, however uncertainties remain in the modelled response to these eruptions. This is due in part to the diversity of forcing datasets that are used to prescribe the distribution of stratospheric aerosols resulting from these volcanic eruptions, as well as uncertainties in optical property derivations from these datasets. To reduce these uncertainties in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) a combined stratospheric aerosol dataset, the Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, GloSSAC, was constructed. Along with information from ice-cores and sun photometers, GloSSAC was used to generate aerosol distributions, characteristics and optical properties and construct a consistent stratospheric aerosol forcing dataset for models participating in CMIP6. This version 3 of the stratospheric aerosol forcing has been endorsed for use in all contributing CMIP6 simulations. Recent updates to the underlying GloSSAC from version 1 to version 1.1 affected the 1991 to 1994 period and necessitated an update to the stratospheric aerosol forcing from version 3 to version 4. As version 3 remains the official CMIP6 input, quantification of the impact on radiative forcing and climate is both relevant and timely for interpreting results from experiments such as the CMIP6 historical simulations. This study uses the Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) to estimate the difference in instantaneous radiative forcing in simulated post-Pinatubo climate response when using version 4 instead of version 3. Differences in temperature, precipitation, and radiative forcings are generally found to be small compared to internal variability. To further elucidate sensitivities that are representative of the CMIP6 model suite, additional simulations are performed using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1), which also indicates that the impact of the update to GloSSAC version 4 on climate are relatively minor. An exception to this is differences in temperature anomalies in the stratosphere, which can be as large as 3 °C following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
Intensification characteristics of hydroclimatic extremes in the Asia monsoon region under 1.5 and 2.0 °C of global warming
Authors: Kim Jeong-Bae , Bae Deg-Hyo
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The changes in hydroclimatic extremes are assessed over the Asia monsoon region under 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming targets of global mean temperature above preindustrial levels based on a representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The subregions in this domain are defined by the Köppen climate classification method to identify regional climate characteristics. The change patterns of long-term hydroclimatic mean and hydroclimatic extreme among subregions are compared based on the multimodel ensemble (MME) of selected five global climate models (GCMs). Each GCM is bias corrected and then used as a meteorological forcing for a hydrological model. To simulate how the hydrologic system responds to 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming targets, we select the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. The results of temperature extremes show significant change patterns over all climate zones. As the globe warms, the increasing warm extremes and the decreasing cold extremes with a high robustness occur more frequently over Asia. Meanwhile, changes in precipitation and runoff averages (and low runoff extremes) show large spatial variations in change patterns with little robustness based on intermodel agreement. Global warming is expected to significantly intensify maximum precipitation extremes in all climate zones. Regardless of regional climate characteristics, this behavior is expected to be enhanced under 2.0 °C compare to 1.5 °C warming scenario and cause the likelihood of flood risk. The spatial extent and magnitude of change patterns in runoff are modulated by those of change patterns in precipitation. More importantly, an extra 0.5 °C of global warming also leads to amplified change signals and more robust change patterns in hydroclimatic extremes, especially in cold (and polar) climate zones. The results of this study demonstrate that the clear changes in regional hydroclimatic extremes under warmer conditions over Asia, and hydroclimatic sensitivities differ based on regional climate characteristics.