bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’expression lexicale de la peur en inuktitut dans le nord de la Terre de Baffin
Authors: Bordin Guy
Published: November 2012

Si les émotions liées à la peur sont universelles, les façons de les exprimer et de les catégoriser ne le sont pas. Comment les Inuit en parlent-ils alors? Dans cet article, je me propose de livrer des éléments de réponse en parcourant le lexique de la peur en inuktitut, tel qu’il est attesté dans le nord de la Terre de Baffin, en m’appuyant en grande partie sur des données provenant de la communauté de Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet). J’ai relevé dans cette région neuf bases principales qui permettent d’exprimer la peur, chacune d’elles s’adressant à une composante plus ou moins large, du spécifique au générique, du spectre émotif timérique. Une classification en est proposée.
Être jeune à Quaqtaq après l’an 2000
Authors: Dorais Louis-Jacques
Published: November 2012

Cet article décrit certaines pratiques, valeurs et représentations partagées par de jeunes hommes et femmes vivant à Quaqtaq, une petite communauté du nord du Nunavik (Québec). Basée sur des entretiens menés avec 27 jeunes âgés de 15 à 25 ans et 15 adultes, la description montre de façon concrète comment les habitudes culturelles et sociales des jeunes combinent mode de vie inuit et culture mondialisée. L’article en arrive à la conclusion que l’identité des jeunes émane d’un processus de confrontation et d’intégration qui rassemble au sein d’une matrice commune divers éléments signifiants de la culture inuit locale avec des contre-influences marquantes et attirantes en provenance du monde extérieur.
Isolation of Mouse Lymphocytes from Small Intestine Tissues
Authors: Sheridan Brian S. , Lefrançois Leo
Published: November 2012

The isolation of lymphocytes and other hematopoietic‐derived cells from small intestinal tissues has become increasingly relevant to immunology over the last decade. It is also becoming increasingly clear that the impact of local immunity at the mucosal barrier of the intestine has a profound impact on immune responses at distant sites, bringing a new cadre of immunologists to the mucosal frontier. Furthermore, the ability to experimentally manipulate smaller and smaller populations of immune cells has become technologically feasible and in some cases routine. The expanding importance of mucosal immunology coupled with increased technical capabilities requires a standard for experimentally obtaining uniform and consistent cells from the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, it is important to isolate immune cells that are highly viable and minimally manipulated to maximize cellular yields while maintaining acceptable time constraints. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 99:3.19.1‐3.19.11. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Outlines
Authors: Pezo Mauricio , von Ellrichshausen Sofia
Published: November 2012

How should architects hammer out their own personal design approach in relation to a wider cultural identity? Chilean architects Mauricio Pezo and Sofia von Ellrichshausen of Pezo von Ellrichshausen outline how their first years of practice have been dedicated to developing their own specific working methods. Drawing on the physical experience of space, their own evocative thoughts and sensations, they transform the simple natural structures of their local surrounding into idealised forms.
Elucidating Mechanisms of Diffusion‐Based Calcium Carbonate Synthesis Leads to Controlled Mesocrystal Formation
Authors: Ihli Johannes , Bots Pieter , Kulak Alexander , Benning Liane G , Meldrum Fiona C
Published: November 2012

Aggregation‐based crystal growth often gives rise to crystals with complex morphologies which cannot be generated via classical growth processes. Despite this, understanding of the mechanism is rather poor, particularly when organic additives or amorphous precursor phases are present. In this work, advantage is taken of the observation that aggregation‐based growth of calcium carbonate, and indeed many other minerals, is most often observed using diffusion‐based synthetic methods. By fully characterizing the widely used ammonia diffusion method (ADM)–which is currently used as a “black box”–the solution and supersaturation conditions which accompany CaCO3 precipitation using this method are identified and insight is gained into the nucleation and growth processes which generate calcite mesocrystals. This reveals that the distinguishing feature of the ADM is that the initial nucleation burst consumes only a small quantity of the available ions, and the supersaturation then remains relatively constant, and well above the solubility of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), until the reaction is almost complete. New material is thus generated over the entire course of the precipitation, a feature which appears to be fundamental to the formation of complex, aggregation‐based morphologies. Finally, the importance of this understanding is demonstrated using the identified carbonate and supersaturation profiles to perfectly replicate CaCO3 mesocrystals through slow addition of reagents to a bulk solution. This approach overcomes many of the inherent problems of the ADM by offering excellent reproducibility, enabling the synthesis of such CaCO3 structures in large‐scale and continuous‐flow systems, and ultimately facilitating in situ studies of assembly‐based crystallization mechanisms.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Addition of Purine Bases to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Wu Hao , Tian Zhiqing , Zhang Lili , Huang Yaodong , Wang Yongmei
Published: November 2012

The first organocatalytic enantioselective aza‐Michael addition of purine bases to α,β‐unsaturated ketones has been developed, affording Michael adducts in moderate to high yields (up to 96% yield) and high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). A wide range of α,β‐unsaturated ketones including aliphatic and aromatic enones are tolerated in this process, generally demonstrating good reactivity, regioselectivity and enantioselectivity. The aromatic α,β‐unsaturated ketones showing quite low reactivity in the reported catalytic systems, were first successfully employed as Michael acceptors in this transformation, yielding high enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee). The utility of this method was also applied for the synthesis of enantioenriched non‐natural nucleoside analogues with potential biological activities.
Poly(styrene) Resin‐Supported Cobalt(III) Salen Cyclic Oligomers as Active Heterogeneous HKR Catalysts
Authors: Kahn Michael G. C. , Stenlid Joakim H. , Weck Marcus
Published: November 2012

A cross‐linked poly(styrene) support functionalized with cobalt(III) salen cyclic oligomers that can be used as a catalyst for the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of terminal epoxides is reported. This catalyst is the most active heterogeneous catalyst to date for the HKR of terminal epoxides and can be recycled more than six times with excellent enantioselectivities for the HKR of epichlorohydrin. A 3‐fold rate enhancement was observed when conducting the HKR reaction with 6 equivalents of water compared to 0.6 equivalents. We hypothesize that this rate enhancement is due to water sequestration of the diol product from the organic phase, thereby maintaining a high local concentration of epoxides and catalyst in the organic phase.
Calcium Carbonate Polyamorphism and Its Role in Biomineralization: How Many Amorphous Calcium Carbonates Are There?
Authors: Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Checa Antonio G. , Gale Julian D. , Gebauer Denis , Sainz‐Díaz C. Ignacio
Published: November 2012

Although the polymorphism of calcium carbonate is well known, and its polymorphs—calcite, aragonite, and vaterite—have been highly studied in the context of biomineralization, polyamorphism is a much more recently discovered phenomenon, and the existence of more than one amorphous phase of calcium carbonate in biominerals has only very recently been understood. Here we summarize what is known about polyamorphism in calcium carbonate as well as what is understood about the role of amorphous calcium carbonate in biominerals. We show that consideration of the amorphous forms of calcium carbonate within the physical notion of polyamorphism leads to new insights when it comes to the mechanisms by which polymorphic structures can evolve in the first place. This not only has implications for our understanding of biomineralization, but also of the means by which crystallization may be controlled in medical, pharmaceutical, and industrial contexts.
Polymerization‐induced phase separation and resulting thermomechanical properties of thermosetting/reactive nonlinear polymer blends: A review
Authors: Liu Yuhong
Published: November 2012

Thermosets, which have a highly crosslinked structure, play a pivotal role in high‐performance composite materials because of their excellent mechanical properties, including their high modulus, high strength, and high glass‐transition temperature. In general, however, thermosets are brittle materials with a toughness and elongation at break that are unsatisfactory for many applications, especially at high temperatures. The key factor that can greatly influence the toughness of a thermoset material is its cured microstructure or nanostructure. Recently, it has been revealed that the introduction of a reactive modifier into a multicomponent thermosetting prepolymer is a versatile way to finely tune the polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) and the microstructure and thermomechanical properties of the resulting thermosets. This review focuses first on the advancement of the methods used to study the PIPS of thermosetting prepolymers. I go on to discuss factors influencing the thermodynamic and the kinetic behavior of PIPS and the resulting morphology and thermomechanical properties of thermosetting blends obtained when nonlinear reactive modifiers are incorporated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Intensity‐based estimation of extreme loss event probability and value at risk
Authors: Hamidieh Kamal , Stoev Stilian , Michailidis George
Published: November 2012

We develop a methodology for the estimation of extreme loss event probability and the value at risk, which takes into account both the magnitudes and the intensity of the extreme losses. Specifically, the extreme loss magnitudes are modeled with a generalized Pareto distribution, whereas their intensity is captured by an autoregressive conditional duration model, a type of self‐exciting point process. This allows for an explicit interaction between the magnitude of the past losses and the intensity of future extreme losses. The intensity is further used in the estimation of extreme loss event probability. The method is illustrated and backtested on 10 assets and compared with the established and baseline methods. The results show that our method outperforms the baseline methods, competes with an established method, and provides additional insight and interpretation into the prediction of extreme loss event probability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eu3+‐activated Y2MoO6: a narrow band red‐emitting phosphor with strong near‐UV absorption
Authors: He Xianghong , Bian Danping , Wang Hao , Xu Jian
Published: November 2012

Near‐UV excited narrow line red‐emitting phosphors, Eu3+‐activated Y2MoO6 systems, were synthesized using a simple molten salt reaction. The structure and photoluminescence characteristics were investigated using X‐ray powder diffraction, UV–Vis absorption and fluorescent spectrophotometry. The excitation spectra show strong broad‐band absorptions in the near‐UV to blue light regions which match the radiation of near‐UV light‐emitting diode chips well. Under excitation of either near‐UV or blue light, intense red emission with a main peak of 611 nm is observed, ascribed to the 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions; the optimal doping concentration is 20 mol%. The chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.65, y = 0.34) of the as‐obtained phosphor are very close to the National Television Standard Committee standard values (x = 0.67, y = 0.33). All these characteristics suggest that this material is a promising red‐emitting phosphor candidate for white‐LEDs based on near‐UV LED chips. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flavin Conjugates for Delivery of Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Marlin Fanny , Simon Philippe , Bonneau Stéphanie , Alberti Patrizia , Cordier Céline , Boix Charlotte , Perrouault Loïc , Fossey Aurélie , Saison‐Behmoaras Tula , Fontecave Marc , Giovannangeli Carine
Published: November 2012

Oligonucleotides and their analogues, such as peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), can be used in chemical strategies to artificially control gene expression. Inefficient cellular uptake and inappropriate cellular localization still remain obstacles in biological applications, however, especially for PNAs. Here we demonstrate that conjugation of PNAs to flavin resulted in efficient internalization into cells through an endocytic pathway. The flavin–PNAs exhibited antisense activity in the sub‐micromolar range, in the context of a treatment facilitating endosomal escape. Increased endosomal release of flavin conjugates into the cytoplasm and/or nucleus was shown by chloroquine treatment and also—when the flavin–PNA was conjugated to rhodamine, a mild photosensitizer—upon light irradiation. In conclusion, an isoalloxazine moiety can be used as a carrier and attached to a cargo biomolecule, here a PNA, for internalization and functional cytoplasmic/nuclear delivery. Our findings could be useful for further design of PNAs and other oligonucleotide analogues as potent antisense agents.
Type II Ligands as Chemical Auxiliaries To Favor Enzymatic Transformations by P450 2E1
Authors: Ménard Amélie , Fabra Camilo , Huang Yue , Auclair Karine
Published: November 2012

The remarkable ability of P450 enzymes to oxidize inactivated CH bonds and the high substrate promiscuity of many P450 isoforms have inspired us and others to investigate their use as biocatalysts. Our lab has pioneered a chemical‐auxiliary approach to control the promiscuity of P450 3A4 and provide product predictability. The recent realization that type II ligands are sometimes also P450 substrates has prompted the design of a new generation of chemical auxiliaries with type II binding properties. This approach takes advantage of the high affinity of type II ligands for the active site of these enzymes. Although type II ligands typically block P450 activity, we report here that type II ligation can be harnessed to achieve just the opposite, that is, to favor biocatalysis and afford predictable oxidation of small hydrocarbon substrates with P450 2E1. Moreover, the observed predictability was rationalized by molecular docking. We hope that this approach might find future use with other P450 isoforms and yield complimentary products.
Catalytic Electron‐Transfer Oxygenation of Substrates with Water as an Oxygen Source Using Manganese Porphyrins
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Mizuno Takuya , Ojiri Tetsuya
Published: November 2012

Manganese(V)–oxo–porphyrins are produced by the electron‐transfer oxidation of manganese–porphyrins with tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(III) ([Ru(bpy)3]3+; 2 equiv) in acetonitrile (CH3CN) containing water. The rate constants of the electron‐transfer oxidation of manganese–porphyrins have been determined and evaluated in light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer. Addition of [Ru(bpy)3]3+ to a solution of olefins (styrene and cyclohexene) in CH3CN containing water in the presence of a catalytic amount of manganese–porphyrins afforded epoxides, diols, and aldehydes efficiently. Epoxides were converted to the corresponding diols by hydrolysis, and were further oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes. The turnover numbers vary significantly depending on the type of manganese–porphyrin used owing to the difference in their oxidation potentials and the steric bulkiness of the ligand. Ethylbenzene was also oxidized to 1‐phenylethanol using manganese–porphyrins as electron‐transfer catalysts. The oxygen source in the substrate oxygenation was confirmed to be water by using 18O‐labeled water. The rate constant of the reaction of the manganese(V)–oxo species with cyclohexene was determined directly under single‐turnover conditions by monitoring the increase in absorbance attributable to the manganese(III) species produced in the reaction with cyclohexene. It has been shown that the rate‐determining step in the catalytic electron‐transfer oxygenation of cyclohexene is electron transfer from [Ru(bpy)3]3+ to the manganese–porphyrins.
Multiscale observations of snow accumulation and peak snowpack following widespread, insect‐induced lodgepole pine mortality
Authors: Biederman Joel A. , Brooks P. D. , Harpold A. A. , Gochis D. J. , Gutmann E. , Reed D. E. , Pendall E. , Ewers B. E.
Published: November 2012

Seasonal snowpack in forested lands is the primary source of fresh water in western North America, where mountain pine beetle (MPB) infestation has resulted in rapid and extensive tree die‐off. Forests significantly influence the amount and spatial distribution of peak seasonal snowpack, but the impacts of large‐scale tree mortality on the processes controlling peak snowpack are not well understood. We evaluate the effects of widespread tree mortality on winter snow accumulation and peak seasonal snowpack across multiple spatial scales and several levels of MPB impact in the Central Rocky Mountains. Observations for winters 2010 and 2011 include continuous snow depths in 20 plots, distributed snow surveys at peak accumulation and climate observations above and below canopy including precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind and shortwave radiation. Stable water isotopes were observed for fresh snowfall and for snowpack. Plot‐scale snowfall observations showed 20% lower interception (p < 0.05) in grey‐phase stands (needles lost) than in unimpacted stands. However, distributed snow surveys found no differences in peak seasonal snow water equivalent between unimpacted and grey‐phase stands. Water isotopes of snowpack from MPB‐killed stands indicated kinetic fractionation; enriched values demonstrated higher winter snowpack sublimation in MPB‐killed forest. Following MPB infestation, reduced canopy sublimation of intercepted snow appeared to be compensated by increased snowpack sublimation, consistent with observations of higher snowpack insolation. Consequently, the effects of widespread tree mortality on peak seasonal snowpack, which is crucial for downstream water resources, will be influenced by compensation for lower interception by higher snowpack sublimation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybridization in Materials Science – Evolution, Current State, and Future Aspirations
Authors: Drisko Glenna L. , Sanchez Clément
Published: November 2012

We introduce this themed issue of the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry with a short overview of hybrid inorganic–organic materials. Hybrid materials have been used in society since antiquity, in fact the creative musings regarding hybridization began in ancient mythology. Now hybrid materials are ubiquitous, and so for clarity they have been divided into different classes and subgroups. These are explained and illustrated with notable synthetic and natural examples. The second half of this overview is devoted to some speculation about the future potential of hybrid materials based on some of the most exciting areas of development, such as artificial photosynthetic leaves, metamaterials, molecular machines, theranostics, 3D printing, nuclear waste storage, and the exploration of life's extraordinary evolutionary origins.
Hierarchical Macro‐mesoporous Pt Deposits on Gold Microwires for Efficient Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Heim Matthias , Wattanakit Chularat , Reculusa Stéphane , Warakulwit Chompunuch , Limtrakul Jumras , Ravaine Serge , Kuhn Alexander
Published: November 2012

Hierarchically ordered macro‐mesoporous Pt films have been synthesized on gold microwires by filling the void space of a colloidal crystal template with mesoporous Pt through electrodepositing the metal in the presence of self‐assembled surfactant molecules, followed by a dissolution of the template. The network of interconnected macro‐ and mesopores in the homogeneous films was characterized using microscopy (SEM, TEM) and electrochemical techniques. The active surface areas of the porous wires increased by more than three orders of magnitude compared to nonporous samples. These high surface‐to‐volume ratios resulted in a high electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation.
Response‐only modal identification of structures using strong motion data
Authors: Ghahari S. F. , Abazarsa F. , Ghannad M. A. , Taciroglu E.
Published: November 2012

Dynamic characteristics of structures — viz. natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes — are central to earthquake‐resistant design. These values identified from field measurements are useful for model validation and health‐monitoring. Most system identification methods require input excitations motions to be measured and the structural response; however, the true input motions are seldom recordable. For example, when soil–structure interaction effects are non‐negligible, neither the free‐field motions nor the recorded responses of the foundations may be assumed as ‘input’. Even in the absence of soil–structure interaction, in many instances, the foundation responses are not recorded (or are recorded with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio). Unfortunately, existing output‐only methods are limited to free vibration data, or weak stationary ambient excitations. However, it is well‐known that the dynamic characteristics of most civil structures are amplitude‐dependent; thus, parameters identified from low‐amplitude responses do not match well with those from strong excitations, which arguably are more pertinent to seismic design. In this study, we present a new identification method through which a structure's dynamic characteristics can be extracted using only seismic response (output) signals. In this method, first, the response signals’ spatial time‐frequency distributions are used for blindly identifying the classical mode shapes and the modal coordinate signals. Second, cross‐relations among the modal coordinates are employed to determine the system's natural frequencies and damping ratios on the premise of linear behavior for the system. We use simulated (but realistic) data to verify the method, and also apply it to a real‐life data set to demonstrate its utility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency‐specific alternations in the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations in schizophrenia
Authors: Yu Rongjun , Chien Yi‐Ling , Wang Hsiao‐Lan Sharon , Liu Chih‐Min , Liu Chen‐Chung , Hwang Tzung‐Jeng , Hsieh Ming H. , Hwu Hai‐Gwo , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac
Published: November 2012

Schizophrenia has been associated with abnormal task‐related brain activation in sensory and motor regions as well as social cognition network. Recently, two studies investigated temporal correlation between resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R‐fMRI) low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs) in schizophrenia but reported mixed results. This may be due to the different frequency bands used in these studies. Here we utilized R‐fMRI to measure the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) in three different frequency bands (slow‐5: 0.01–0.027 Hz; slow‐4: 0.027–0.08 Hz; and typical band: 0.01–0.08 Hz) in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 62 healthy controls. We showed that there were significant differences in ALFF/fALFF between the two bands (slow‐5 and slow‐4) in regions including basal ganglia, midbrain, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Importantly, we also identified significant interaction between frequency bands and groups in inferior occipital gyrus, precunus, and thalamus. The results suggest that the abnormalities of LFOs in schizophrenia is dependent on the frequency band and suggest that future studies should take the different frequency bands into account when measure intrinsic brain activity. Hum Brain Mapp 35:627–637, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Saliva levels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol and clinical efficacy of mirtazapine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with major depression
Authors: Egami Maki , Imamura Yoshiomi , Nabeta Hiromi , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Yamada Shigeto
Published: November 2012

Objective

This study compared saliva levels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (sMHPG) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to levels in healthy controls and explored whether sMHPG levels in patients with MDD were a predictive marker for antidepressant efficacy.

Methods

sMHPG levels were compared in 53 patients with MDD and 275 age‐matched healthy controls. Patients' depressive symptoms were assessed by the 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, n = 23) or mirtazapine (n = 30), followed by saliva sampling. The mirtazapine group included nine patients who had been treated with an SSRI for more than 4 weeks without any improvement. sMHPG levels were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results

sMHPG levels in MDD patients were significantly higher than in controls. The responder rate to drug treatment at 4 weeks was 62% for mirtazapine (13/21), 57% for SSRIs (13/23), and 89% (8/9) for SSRI plus mirtazapine. sMHPG at baseline in 13 responders treated with SSRIs, but not mirtazapine, was significantly higher than that in non‐responder group and showed consequent reduction 4 weeks after treatment. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of sMHPG for discrimination of SSRI responders and non‐responders was 0.86 ± 0.10 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–1.0, p = 0.005). In contrast, the ROC curve of sMHPG levels for discrimination of mirtazapine responders and non‐responders was not significant. Adjunctive treatment with mirtazapine to SSRI non‐responders was effective, regardless of baseline sMHPG levels.

Conclusion

sMHPG in patients with MDD was higher than in healthy controls. High baseline sMHPG levels in patients with MDD maybe a predictive marker for SSRI response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface modification of the conducting polymer, polypyrrole, via affinity peptide
Authors: Nickels Jonathan D. , Schmidt Christine E.
Published: November 2012

A novel strategy for affinity‐based surface modification of the conducting polymer, polypyrrole, (PPy), has been developed. A 12‐amino acid peptide (THRTSTLDYFVI, hereafter denoted T59) was previously identified via the phage display technique. This peptide noncovalently binds to the chlorine‐doped conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPyCl). Studies have previously shown that conductive polymers have promising application in neural electrodes, sensors, and for improving regeneration and healing of peripheral nerves and other tissues. Thus, the strong and specific attachment of bioactive molecules to the surface of PPy using the T59 affinity peptide is an exciting new approach to enhance the bioactivity of electrically active materials for various biomedical applications. We demonstrate this by using T59 as a tether to modify PPyCl with the laminin fragment IKVAV to enhance cell interactions, as well as with the so‐called stealth molecule poly(ethylene glycol; PEG) to decrease cell interactions. Using these two modification strategies, we were able to control cell attachment and neurite extension on the PPy surface, which is critical for different applications (i.e., the goal for tissue regeneration is to enhance cell interactions, whereas the goal for electrode and sensor applications is to reduce glial cell interactions and thus decrease scarring). Significantly, the conductivity of the PPyCl surface was unaffected by this surface modification technique, which is not the case with other methods that have been explored to surface modify conducting polymers. Finally, using subcutaneous implants, we confirmed that the PPyCl treated with the T59 peptide did not react in vivo differently than untreated PPyCl. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Protein Kinase A phosphorylates NCoR to enhance its nuclear translocation and repressive function in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Choi Hyo‐Kyoung , Yoo Jung‐Yoon , Jeong Mi‐Hyeon , Park Soo‐Yeon , Shin Dong‐Myoung , Jang Sung‐Wuk , Yoon Ho‐Geun , Choi Kyung‐Chul
Published: November 2012

Protein Kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates diverse protein substrates to modulate their function. In this study, we found that PKA specifically phosphorylates the RD1 (Repression Domain 1) domain of nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR). We demonstrated that the Serine‐70 of NCoR is identified the critical amino acid for PKA‐dependent NCoR phosphorylation. Importantly, we found that PKA‐dependent phosphorylation enhances the nuclear translocation of NCoR. More importantly, the activation of PKA enhanced the repressive activity of NCoR in a reporter assay and potentiated the antagonist activity in the Androgen Receptor (AR)‐mediated transcription. Taken together, these results uncover a regulatory mechanism by which PKA positively modulates NCoR function in transcriptional regulation in prostate cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1159–1165, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adipose tissue displays trophic properties on normal lung cellular components without promoting cancer cells growth
Authors: Andriani F. , Facchinetti F. , Furia S. , Roz L. , Bursomanno S. , Bertolini G. , Carniti C. , Sozzi G. , Pastorino U.
Published: November 2012

Surgical removal is the mainstay for early lung cancer treatment and persistent air leaks represent one of the most common clinical complications after lung surgery. Adipose tissue transplantation has been proposed as a new strategy for regenerative therapy after breast cancer surgery; however its efficacy and safety of lung tissue healing after lung resections are unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the biological activity of adipose tissue to facilitate lung tissue healing and evaluate its effect on cancer cells growth, thus providing insight for a possible clinical application. Different in vitro cellular models were used to prove the potential biologic effect of autologous fat tissue (AFT) in repairing injured lung tissue, and in vivo xenograft models were used to evaluate tumor promoting potential of AFT on putative residual cancer cells. Treatment of both embryonic (WI‐38) and adult lung fibroblasts and of normal bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC‐KT) with AFT samples, harvested from subcutaneous tissue layer of 20 patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy, improved wound healing and cell proliferation indicating a trophic effect on both mesenchymal and epithelial cell types. Conversely AFT‐conditioned medium was unable to stimulate in vitro proliferation of a lung adenocarcinoma reporter cellular system (A549). Moreover, co‐injection of AFT and A549 cells in nude mice did not promote engraftment and progression of A549 cells. These preclinical findings provide preliminary evidence on the potential efficacy of AFT to accelerate lung tissue repair without undesired tumor promoting effects on putative residual cancer cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1166–1173, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIPEC + EPIC versus HIPEC‐alone: Differences in major complications following cytoreduction surgery for peritoneal malignancy
Authors: McConnell Yarrow J. , Mack Lloyd A. , Francis Wesley P. , Ho Thomas , Temple Walley J.
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Peritoneal metastases (PM) can be treated with cytoreduction surgery (CRS) with intraoperative heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus or minus early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC). HIPEC + EPIC may be associated with more complications than HIPEC alone.

Methods

A prospective database of consecutive patients undergoing CRS + HIPEC ± EPIC at the University of Calgary between February 2000 and May 2011 was reviewed. Patient, tumor, and perioperative variables included peritoneal cancer index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) score, HIPEC ± EPIC type, and grade III/IV complications.

Results

198 patients had a CCR score of 0/1 and received: (1) HIPEC mitomycin C + EPIC 5‐fluorouracil for 5 days (n = 85; February 2000–January 2008); or (2) HIPEC oxaliplatin with IV 5‐fluorouracil + no EPIC (n = 113; February 2008–May 2011). Clinicodemographics were similar except PCI was higher in the HIPEC‐alone group (mean PCI 22 vs. 17; P = 0.02). The rate of grade III/IV complications was higher in the HIPEC + EPIC group (44.7% vs. 31.0%; P = 0.05). On multivariate logistic regression only HIPEC + EPIC and PCI > 26 were associated with an increased rate of complications.

Conclusion

In patients with PM, the use of EPIC, in combination with CRS and HIPEC, is associated with an increased rate of complications. Surgeons should consider using HIPEC only (without EPIC). J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:591–596. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Test of Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms as Prospective Predictors of Type of Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Haller Moira , Chassin Laurie
Published: November 2012

The present study utilized longitudinal data from a high‐risk community sample (N = 377; 166 trauma‐exposed; 202 males; 175 females; 73% non‐Hispanic Caucasian) to test pretrauma measures of adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms as unique prospective predictors of type of trauma exposure and PTSD over and above the influence of correlated family adversity (a composite of family conflict, stress, and parental psychopathology). Data were analyzed with logistic and multinomial logistic regressions. Results indicated that females, but not males, with higher levels of internalizing (OR = 2.91) and externalizing (OR = 2.37) symptoms during adolescence were significantly more likely to be exposed to assaultive violence (over and above family adversity). In fact, males with higher levels of internalizing symptoms were significantly less likely to be exposed to assaultive violence (OR = 0.54). Neither internalizing nor externalizing symptoms uniquely predicted exposure to traumatic events that did not involve assaultive violence. Among trauma‐exposed participants, the unique association between internalizing symptoms and later PTSD yielded an odds ratio of 1.79 (p = .07) over and above the influences of family adversity, type of trauma exposure, and gender. Assaultive violence exposure fully mediated the association between females’ externalizing symptoms and future PTSD. Findings may help inform the prevention of both assaultive violence exposure and PTSD.
A note on integral Menger curvature for curves
Authors: Blatt Simon
Published: November 2012

For continuously differentiable embedded curves γ, we will give a necessary and sufficient condition for the boundedness of integral versions of the Menger curvature. We will show that for p > 3 the integral Menger curvature \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathfrak {M}_p(\gamma )$\end{document} is finite if and only if γ belongs to the Sobolev Slobodeckij space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$W^{2-\frac{2}{p},p}(\mathbb {R} / \mathbb {Z}, \mathbb {R}^n)$\end{document}. The quantity \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathfrak {J}_p (\gamma )$\end{document} – defined by taking the supremum of the p‐th power of Menger curvature with respect to one variable and then integrating over the remaining two – is finite for p > 2, if and only if γ belongs to the space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$W^{2-\frac{1}{p},p}$\end{document}.
Burden of overactive bladder symptom on quality of life in stroke patients
Authors: Itoh Yoshiaki , Yamada Satoshi , Konoeda Fumie , Koizumi Kenzo , Nagata Hirohiko , Oya Mototsugu , Suzuki Norihiro
Published: November 2012

Aims

Overactive bladder (OAB) affects the daily life of many stroke victims. In contrast to urinary incontinence, little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for OAB among stroke patients. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed the results together with the clinical data and MRI findings.

Methods

A total of 500 volunteer patients with chronic‐phase stroke were enrolled. The overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), Short Form 8 (SF‐8) health survey questionnaire, and some key international questionnaires about urinary dysfunction were assessed.

Results

We diagnosed 141 patients (28%) with OAB, among whom 103 (73%) had never been treated for their symptoms. Patients with OAB showed lower scores in both the physical and mental components of the SF‐8, which suggested the burden of OAB on the quality of life of stroke patients. Advanced age and male gender were closely related to high OABSS. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was positively correlated with OABSS. Patients with cerebral infarction and those with intracerebral hemorrhage showed a similarly high OABSS. The severity of deep white‐matter hyperintensity on MRI, classified by the 4‐grade Fazekas scoring system, was significantly associated with high OABSS irrespective of presence of accompanying infarcts. Patients with cerebral infarcts in the region of anterior circulation showed a higher OABSS than those with cerebral infarcts in the posterior circulation.

Conclusions

Based on the present risk analysis, patient care should be preferentially focused on the detection and treatment of OAB to improve the quality of life of stroke patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 428–434, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation between cystometric volumes, ATP release, and pH in women with overactive bladder versus controls
Authors: Cheng Ying , Mansfield Kylie J. , Allen Wendy , Millard Richard J. , Burcher Elizabeth , Moore Kate H.
Published: November 2012

Aims

In the bladder, ATP is an important signaling molecule, which is released by bladder stretch and acid. We hypothesized that ATP might play a unique role in patients with OAB, characterized by low bladder volumes at first desire to void (FDV) and maximal cystometric capacity (MCC) and symptoms of frequency/urgency [mild bladder pain syndrome (BPS)]. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between ATP release and urodynamic parameters, as well as urine pH, in OAB patients.

Methods

Routine cystometry was performed in a consecutive series of 249 women. The voided urodynamic fluid (VUF) was stored at −20°C and ATP measured using bioluminescence. Catheter urine was collected for pH measurement. Correlations between two factors were tested by linear regression analysis.

Results

Subjects with urinary tract infection, voiding dysfunction, and detrusor overactivity (DO) were excluded. For OAB patients (n = 25), there was an inverse correlation between ATP concentration in VUF and FDV (r2 = 0.25; P = 0.01) but not MCC. This was not seen in controls (n = 69). In OAB, but not controls, there was a significant reverse correlation (r2 = 0.16; P = 0.047) between ATP in VUF and urine pH. Urine pH was not significantly correlated with MCC in either group.

Conclusions

In OAB patients, ATP is an important factor for initial perception of need to urinate (as indicated by FDV). This is similar to our previous findings in patients with DO, suggesting that ATP may mediate initial afferent sensation in patients with bladder dysfunctions characterized by urgency. ATP release was also strongly affected by urine pH, in patients with OAB (at FDV). Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 969–973, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anforderung an Entwicklung und Qualität von Biosimilars
Authors: Rais Isam
Published: November 2012

Biosimilars sind Nachfolgeprodukte biotechnologisch hergestellter Arzneimittel und im weiteren Sinne als Generika zu verstehen. Sie können nach Ablauf des Patentschutzes von Pharmafirmen hergestellt werden und müssen in Hinblick auf Qualität, Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit mit dem am Markt befindlichen Referenzprodukt vergleichbar sein.
Hochleistungsanalytik für die Entwicklung von Biosimilars
Authors: Blüggel Martin
Published: November 2012

Die Hochleistungsanalytik während der Entwicklungsphase eines Biosimilar erlaubt eine Ausrichtung auf die Qualität und Ähnlichkeit. Ein Biosimilar‐Kandidat wird detailliert auf Hunderte von Qualitätsattributen analysiert und mit dem Originator verglichen. Bei einzelnen eventuell vorhandenen Unterschieden wird deren Bedeutung für die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit bewertet und ggf. experimentell belegt.

Die bewährte europäische, regulatorische Vorgehensweise ist geprägt von einer wissenschaftlichen Herangehensweise. Die verbesserten analytischen Möglichkeiten sowie die Daten über und die Erfahrungen mit einem Wirkstoff durch die Vielzahl der Biosimilar‐Entwicklungen und den Originator selbst, führen zu einer viel genaueren Charakterisierung als dies für neue Entwicklungen allein möglich ist oder aufgrund des Stands der Technik zum Zeitpunkt der Zulassung der Originatoren möglich war. Die Hochleistungsanalytik liefert damit eine fundierte Grundlage für die Entscheidung über die Zulassung dieser nur ähnlichen Produkte.
Pharmaökonomische Aspekte von Biosimilars
Authors: Walter Evelyn
Published: November 2012

2010 wurden in Deutschland 26 Arzneimittel mit neuen Wirkstoffen (international auch als NME – New Molecular Entity – bezeichnet) im Markt eingeführt. Bei den Ausgaben für Arzneimittel liegt Deutschland mit einem Anteil von 15,1 % an den gesamten Gesundheitsausgaben (rund 280 Mrd. Euro) nach wie vor deutlich unter dem Niveau der meisten europäischen Länder und Japans. Die Ausgaben der GKV für Arzneimittel betragen 32,0 Mrd. Euro oder 18 %. Von den Gesamtausgaben der GKV entfallen nur 4 % (6,7 Mrd. Euro) auf patentgeschützte Arzneimittel.
Progression‐free survival of two cases of high‐risk neuroblastoma with refractory/relapsed disease following surgery alone
Authors: Sokol Elizabeth , Haut Paul R. , Gosiengfiao Yasmin , Feinstein Kate , Pytel Peter , Cohn Susan L.
Published: November 2012

Outcome for the vast majority of high‐risk neuroblastoma patients with refractory or relapsed disease is dismal. We report two high‐risk patients who remain progression‐free for more than 113 and 18 months following the diagnosis of refractory/relapsed disease who were treated with surgery alone. Complete resolution of a refractory thoracic mass and relapsed liver nodules was observed in one patient. The refractory/relapsed disease in the second patient has remained stable. In both cases, the tumor showed histologic evidence of neuroblastoma maturation. These cases demonstrate that refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma is clinically heterogeneous and highlight the need for better biomarkers to optimize patient care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 512–514. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing use of atypical antipsychotics and anticonvulsants during pregnancy
Authors: Epstein Richard A. , Bobo William V. , Shelton Richard C. , Arbogast Patrick G. , Morrow James A. , Wang Wei , Chandrasekhar Rameela , Cooper William O.
Published: November 2012

Purpose

To quantify maternal use of atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium during pregnancy.

Methods

Tennessee birth and death records were linked to Tennessee Medicaid data to conduct a retrospective cohort study of 296 817 women enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid throughout pregnancy who had a live birth or fetal death from 1985 to 2005.

Results

During the study time period, the adjusted rate of use of any study medication during pregnancy increased from nearly 14 to 31 per 1000 pregnancies (β = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.09). Significant increases were reported in use of anticonvulsants alone among mothers with pain and other psychiatric disorders, atypical antipsychotics alone among mothers with bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, unipolar depressive disorders, and other psychiatric disorders, and more than one studied medication for mothers with epilepsy, pain disorders, bipolar disorders, unipolar depressive disorders, and other psychiatric disorders. Significant decreases were reported in use of lithium alone and typical antipsychotics alone for all clinically meaningful diagnosis groups.

Conclusions

There was a substantial increase in use of atypical antipsychotics alone, anticonvulsants alone, and medications from multiple studied categories among Tennessee Medicaid‐insured pregnant women during the study period. Further examination of the maternal and fetal consequences of exposure to these medications during pregnancy is warranted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heiße Elektronik
Authors: Münzenberg Markus , Thomas Andy
Published: November 2012

Der Seebeck‐Effekt wandelt einen Temperaturgradienten in eine Thermospannung um, umgekehrt funktioniert der Peltier‐Effekt. Kürzlich wurden in Nanostrukturen neuartige, verwandte Effekte entdeckt. Dazu gehört der Spin‐Seebeck‐Effekt in magnetischen Filmen und Tunnel‐Magneto‐Seebeck‐Effekt in magnetischen Tunnelelementen. Der Effekt ist in den nanoelektronischen Bauelementen stark genug für technische Anwendungen. Die Grundlagenforschung verspricht neue Erkenntnisse über das Zusammenspiel von elektrischen und thermischen Strömen mit dem Elektronenspin. In der Technik könnte die Spinkaloritronik bisher ungenutzte Abwärme, etwa von Automotoren oder Mikroprozessoren, zur Spannungsquelle für Bordelektroniken oder mobile Anwendungen machen.
Prost Neujahr: die Physik von Champagnerflaschen
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter
Published: November 2012

Sekt und Champagner gehören zur Silvesterfeier wie ein prächtiges Feuerwerk. Physiker verfallen hierbei leicht in Diskussionen über die Wurfparabeln der Sektkorken oder das akustische Phänomen des Knalls. Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras eröffnen zusätzlich die Möglichkeit, sehr schnell ablaufende Prozesse bei der Handhabung der edlen Tropfen sichtbar zu machen, zum Beispiel die adiabatische Expansion des Treibgases.
Nanostructured Polymer Fibers with Enhanced Adhesion to Epoxy Matrices
Authors: Fernández‐Blázquez Juan P. , Setzer Sandro , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: November 2012

A method for reinforcing the strength of the interface between a polymer fiber and a polymer matrix is described. PET fibers were etched in an oxidative plasma to generate a surface nanopattern. Depending on the plasma treatment time, lamellae patterns with different geometries were obtained. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between the fiber and a epoxy matrix was measured for the different surface topographies. A twofold increase in the IFSS was obtained for lamellae with 100 nm thickness, 300 nm height, and separated by 400 nm valleys. Our results demonstrate the benefit of a surface pattern for reinforcing the interface between fibers and resin.

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Tri‐bimaximal neutrino mixing and discrete flavour symmetries
Authors: Altarelli G. , Feruglio F. , Merlo L.
Published: November 2012

We review the application of non‐Abelian discrete groups to Tri‐Bimaximal (TB) neutrino mixing, which is supported by experiment as a possible good first approximation to the data. After summarizing the motivation and the formalism, we discuss specific models, mainly those based on A4 but also on other finite groups, and their phenomenological implications, including the extension to quarks. The recent measurements of θ13 favour versions of these models where a suitable mechanism leads to corrections to θ13 that can naturally be larger than those to θ12 and θ23. The virtues and the problems of TB mixing models are discussed, also in connection with lepton flavour violating processes, and the different approaches are compared.