bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Transition and the Thermal Activated Ordering of the Ions with Pyrochlore Phase in Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln = Sm, Eu)
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Wei , Kao Huey‐Chuen I. , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Lee Yu‐Hsuen
Published: May 2015

Two series of samples, Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7, were prepared by the polymeric citrate precursor method and calcined in static air between 700–1450 °C for 24 h. Nano‐size particles obtained were larger with increasing calcination temperatures. Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7 samples have fluorite phase if they are prepared at temperatures lower than 1000 and 1100 °C, respectively. On the other hand, if the samples are prepared at temperatures higher than 1100 and 1150 °C, they have pyrochlore phase. Phase transition temperature depends on the ionic radius ratio of R(Ln3+)/R(Zr4+). The larger the ratio, the lower the transformation temperature is. Quenched samples have unit cell a‐axis increases with increasing preparation temperatures. The amount of cation antisite in the disordered pyrochlore phase decreases with increasing calcination temperatures. Activation energies calculated on the log (σ;·T) vs. (1/T) for the Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7 on the cation ordering process are 0.30(1) and 0.39(2) eV, and on the O(3) site are 0.70(9) and 1.2(2) eV, respectively. O2− is much bigger than R3+ so that more energy is required to overcome the hopping potential. Activation energy increases as the ionic radius ratio of the R(Ln3+)/R(Zr3+) decreases due to the decreasing of the unit cell volume.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ilmenite‐Type Cobalt Titanate Powder
Authors: Chuang Shiow‐Huey , Gao Reui‐Hong , Wang Ding‐Yeong , Liu Hsiao‐Ping , Chen Li‐Ming , Chiang Michael Y.
Published: May 2015

Cobalt titanate (CoTiO3) powder was prepared by a modified sol‐gel method. The precursor solution could be prepared by cobalt acetate and titanium isopropoxide using various solvents either with or without HCl. After post‐heat treatment in air from 500 to 900 °C, CoTiO3 powder with increasing crystallinity was obtained.

The fundamental properties of the powder were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis. The effects of post‐heat treatment at different temperatures were discussed based on results of these analyses. The results showed that single‐phase CoTiO3 can be prepared by straightforward sol‐gel spin‐coating method followed by heat treatment at fairly low temperature of 550 °C. The dielectric constant of the CoTiO3 powder thus prepared was found to be 34.5 by C‐V analysis. High‐k material application is promising for the CoTiO3 powder thus prepared.
A Recyclable Thiol‐Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Detection and Removal of Cu(II) Ions
Authors: Liu Yi‐Chang , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung
Published: May 2015

Thiol‐functionalized meso‐structured silicas have been prepared by the co‐condensation of tetraethoxysilane and 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of an amphiphilic block copolymer (EO)45‐b‐(MA)53. Partial S‐alkylation of mercapto groups with 9‐(chloromethyl)anthracene resulted in the formation of a hybrid material for the detection and removal of copper ions from water. This hybrid material can be recycled and reused for metal ion adsorption. Under neutral conditions, the binding copper(II) ions can be removed by the addition of an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine. The adsorption capacity of the recycled silicas remains the same as the freshly prepared, which makes them promising adsorbents for wastewater cleanup.
Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Optical Probe for Quick Colorimetric Visualization of Cysteine
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Ping , Chen Jun , Bai Lian‐Yang , Zhou Xiao‐Mao , Wang Li‐Ming
Published: May 2015

In this work, a highly sensitive and selective optical probe for cysteine was developed using unmodified gold nanoparticles. Quick visual detection depended on the distance‐dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles, the self‐assembly of cysteine on the surface of gold nanoparticles, and the chelation in the presence of lead ions. The form of complex could rapidly induced the aggregation of gold nanoparticles, thereby resulting in red‐to‐blue (or purple) color change. The concentration of cysteine was determined with a limit of detection (LOD) lower than 1 × 10−7 M by the naked eye and could further be monitored by a UV‐vis spectrometer easily. The highest selectivity was proved in comparison with other seventeen amino acids and the relative mechanism was detailedly investigated by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA).
Investigation of Retention Behaviors of Essential Oils by Using QSRR
Authors: Noorizadeh H. , Farmany A. , Khosravi Afra
Published: May 2015

Genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression (GA‐MLR), partial least square (GA‐PLS), kernel PLS (GA‐KPLS) and Levenberg‐Marquardt artificial neural network (L‐M ANN) technique were used to investigate the correlation between retention index (RI) and descriptors for diverse compounds in essential oils. The correlation coefficient cross validation (Q2) between experimental and predicted retention index for training and test sets by GA‐MLR, GA‐PLS, GA‐KPLS and L‐M ANN was 0.948, 0.924, 0.958 and 0.980 (for training set), 0.917, 0.890, 0.915 and 0.954 (for test set), respectively. The L‐M ANN model with the final optimum network architecture of [5‐2‐1] gave a significantly better performance than the other models. This indicates that L‐M ANN can be used as an alternative modeling tool for quantitative structure‐property/retention relationship (QSPR/QSRR) studies.
Synthesis of 5‐(6‐Pyridazinone‐3‐yl)‐2‐glycosylamino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles
Authors: Tao Jing , Wang Duo‐Zhi , Cao Ling‐Hua
Published: May 2015

N‐Glycosyl‐2‐(1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridazin‐6‐one‐3‐carbonyl)‐hydrazinecarbothioamides (3a‐3f) and N‐glycosyl‐2‐(1,6‐dihydropyridazin‐6‐one‐3‐carbonyl)‐hydrazinecarbothioamides (5a‐5f) were prepared by the reaction of glycosyl isothiocyanates with the compounds 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3‐hydrozinecarbonyl‐6‐pyridazinone (1) and 1,6‐dihydro‐3‐hydrozinecarbonyl‐6‐pyridazinone (2). The terminal heterocyclic compounds 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles derivatives were obtained from cyclization of compounds 3a–3f and 5a–5f by phosphoric acid. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and IR, 1H NMR, LC‐MS (ESI) spectral data.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2‐(Pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐methyl‐3,5‐dicarboethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine
Authors: Zonouz Adeleh Moshtaghi , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Oskuie Mina Raisossadat , Bachechi Fiorella
Published: May 2015

The title compound, 2‐(Pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐methyl‐3,5‐dicarboethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine, has been synthesized and the crystal structure of it (C22H24N4O6, P21/c, a = 9.050, b = 22.259, c = 12.253 Å, β = 90.07°, Z = 4) has been determined by X‐ray analysis. In the crystal structure compound 3 exhibits orthogonal arrangement of the phenyl ring with the nitro substituent synperiplanar (sp) respect to the C(4) hydrogen of the dihydropyridine ring. In addition the ester groups assume a cis/cis arrangement.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of N‐glycosyl‐N′‐(4‐arylthiazol‐2‐yl) Aminoguanidines
Authors: Chen Hong‐Mei , Zhao Yan‐Wu , Cao Ling‐Hua
Published: May 2015

The synthesis of fifteen new N‐glycosyl‐N′‐(4‐arylthiazol‐2‐yl) aminoguanidines is described. Some of the synthesized guanidines displayed inhibitory activity against NOS or anti‐HIV‐1 PR activity. The structure of all new compounds was confirmed by MS, IR and 1H NMR spectral data and elemental analyses.
Preparation of Inorganic Hollow Spheres Based on Different Methods
Authors: Hu Chang‐Yuan , Xu Ya‐Juan , Duo Shu‐Wang , Li Wen‐Kui , Xiang Jun‐Huai , Li Ming‐Sheng , Zhang Rong‐Fa
Published: May 2015

Hollow spheres have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in the field of nanoscale chemical reactors, catalysts, drug‐delivery carriers, and photonic building blocks. Up to date, numerous approaches have been developed to synthesize hollow spheres, which can be classified as the hard template, soft template and template free routes. Here, we review recent progress and advances that have been made on preparation of hollow inorganic spheres based on the hard template, soft template and template free methods.
Effects of Anodic Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays on Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Jian‐Yang , Chen Ting‐Jia , Hu Chih‐Kai
Published: May 2015

This work has utilized the anodic oxidation method to fabricate the TiO2 nanotube arrays which were then applied as the anode to the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Surface morphology of TiO2 nanotube arrays, the length and the pore diameter of the nanotubes were observed by FE‐SEM. With XRD analysis, the annealed TiO2 nanotube array has been identified as the anatase phase which can enhance the electron transition in the TiO2. The influence of the TiO2 nanotube arrays to the absorption of the dye molecules was examined by UV‐VIS spectroscopy. It is found that the TiO2 nanotubes with longer lengths can improve the dye absorption, thus increases the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the DSSCs. The DSSCs with TiO2 nanotube arrays have achieved photovoltaic conversion efficiency as high as 4.62% in this work.
Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jing‐Zhi , Yan Yin‐Cheng , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh
Published: May 2015

Three types of counter electrode (CE) were fabricated: (i) the Pt‐CE represents the platinum counter electrode, (ii) the CB‐CE is carbon black counter electrode and (iii) the CBNT‐CE is carbon black and carbon nanotube counter electrode. The low cost CBNT‐CE with high catalytic activity was achieved by the introduced of carbon nanotubes. The photo to current conversion efficiency of the CBNT‐CE device is 5.57%, which has the potential to replace the Pt counter electrode in dye‐sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the measurements of electrochemical impedance and cyclic voltammetry were employed to interpret the effect of carbon nanotubes.
Effect of Thickness Affecting Optical Properties of Ge Thin Film Preparing by Ultra Vacuum Ion Beam Sputtering
Authors: Su Yen‐Hsun , Tu Sheng‐Lung , Lin Ho‐Tung , Huang Chun‐Chieh
Published: May 2015

The different thicknesses of Germanium(Ge) films are prepared by Ultra Vacuum Ion Beam Sputtering(UBIS). When the thickness is larger than 100nm, the value of loss function increases by thickness and the peak of loss function appears near 450 nm. Owing to the perpendicular direction of the incident light through the film, it has high loss and phase transform as the high incident angle at 780. The loss value of violet‐blue (wavelength 400‐500nm) area is higher than red‐orange (wavelength 650‐700nm) area which has less 10% loss. As the wavelength 700 nm increase, the loss of Ge film will near 0 when the film is thicker than 100nm. Oppositely, the loss of Ge films has the linear relation with the wavelength when the film thickness is thinner than 100nm. As the wavelength decrease, the loss will increase linearly, which can increase optical and photo detector sensitivity.
Conjugate Addition of Indole to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Lewis Acid Immobilized on a Biorenewable Support
Authors: Li Bei‐Yao , Zhang Miao , Yan Xin‐Min , Peng Yan‐Qing
Published: May 2015

Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid was prepared straightforwardly from household granulated sucrose through a one‐pot carbonization—sulfonation process. The performance of this solid Brønsted acid was tested by the 1,1‐diacylation of aldehydes. Lewis acid, such as indium chloride, was supported on sucrose‐derived carbonaceous solid acid through anion metathesis and successfully applied to the conjugate addition of indole to α,β‐unsaturated ketones.
Electrocatalysis of Cyclic Voltammetrically Prepared Co‐MnO2 Composite towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
Authors: Ding Ke‐Qiang
Published: May 2015

For the first time, cobalt particles were electrodeposited on the surface of manganese oxides by cyclic voltammetry (CV) from an aqueous solution of 0.1 M Na2SO4 containing 5 mM CoSO4, and then the samples obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), respectively. And then, the as‐prepared Co/MnO2‐coated graphite electrode was employed to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Interestingly, the reduction peak potential of ORR on a Co/MnO2‐modified graphite electrode was positively shifted for about 100 mV as compared with that on a MnO2‐modified graphite electrode, indicating that the electrocatalysis of Co/MnO2 composite towards ORR is superior to that of pure MnO2.
3‐Formylpyrroles from 3‐Furfurylamines by Bromine Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Harn Piin‐Jye , Lin Chu‐Chung , Wu Hsien‐Jen
Published: May 2015

Oxidation of 3‐furfurylamines 3a‐e with bromine in acetone‐water solution gave N‐substituted 3‐formylpyrroles 4a‐e in good yields. A reaction mechanism via the Clauson‐Kaas reaction followed by the cis‐trans isomerization of the 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones 13 and 14 was proposed to account for the formation of the pyrroles 4a‐e.
Removal of Thiram from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad
Published: May 2015

In this study activated carbon was used for the removal of thiram from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of time, initial thiram concentration and temperature. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich and Langmuir equilibrium models in the studied concentration range. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second‐order kinetic model rather than pseudo first‐order model. The results from kinetic experiments were used to describe the adsorption mechanism. Both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion played important role in the adsorption mechanism of thiram. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) were determined and the adsorption process was found to be an endothermic one. The negative values of ΔG0 at different temperatures were indicative of the spontaneity of the adsorption process.
Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Benzoic Acid Compounds in the Plant Medicine by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Gao Su‐Ya , Li Hua , Wang Li , Yang Li‐Ning
Published: May 2015

A simple and inexpensive high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was applied to separate five benzoic acid compounds simultaneously. The investigation was carried out by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). To avoid a time‐consuming and tedious procedure, orthogonal experimental design OA9 (34) for separation experiments was applied to find the optimal conditions in terms of the resolution and analytical time. The best conditions for separation were obtained using a 20 mM borax and 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer (pH 9.8) containing 2 mM β‐CD and 4% methanol (v/v). Online UV detection was performed at 250 nm. A voltage of 16 kV was applied and the temperature was controlled at 25 °C. Injection was performed for 5 s. The method was validated for the quantification of benzoic acid, salicylic acid and ortho‐aminobenzoic acid in Radix Isatidis, a traditional plant medicine with removal of endotoxin. The separation and determination were satisfactory and quick.
Tourism as an Agent of Political Socialisation
Authors: Zuo Bing , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Liu Luhu
Published: May 2015

Relationship between tourism and political socialisation has not been sufficiently studied as a topic of academic inquiry. Linking tourism to the process of political socialisation, this study analyses the influences and mechanisms of red tourism in China as an agent of political socialisation that serves the ruling party's intention to sustain its regime. Based on field studies in the Jinggangshan Scenic Area, we find that red tourism functions adequately as an authorised form of political socialisation. However, the effects of tourism as an agent of political socialisation are dependent on the discursive interactions among consumers, industry operators and the state. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological behaviour of a PEEK polymer containing solid MoS2 lubricants
Authors: Zalaznik M. , Novak S. , Huskić M. , Kalin M.
Published: May 2015

The addition of different concentrations (2–10 wt.%) of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to a poly–ether–ether–ketone matrix has been studied in terms of the thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of the materials. The results of dry‐sliding tribological tests, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDS) analyses show that the concentration of MoS2 influences the tribological, mechanical and thermal properties. With the highest concentration of MoS2 (10 wt.%), the coefficient of friction was reduced by as much as 25%, while the maximum reduction in the wear rate was ~20%, which required 5 wt.% of MoS2. The most important parameter when it comes to achieving an improved tribological behaviour was found to be the combination of a high hardness and a sufficient quantity of transfer film being formed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homoclinic solutions in periodic difference equations with mixed nonlinearities
Authors: Lin Genghong , Zhou Zhan
Published: May 2015

In this paper, by using critical point theory in combination with periodic approximations, we obtain some new sufficient conditions on the nonexistence and existence of homoclinic solutions for a class of periodic difference equations. Unlike the existing literatures that always assume that the nonlinear terms are only either superlinear or asymptotically linear at
, but superlinear at 0, our nonlinear term can mix superlinear nonlinearities with asymptotically linear ones at both
and 0. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to consider the homoclinic solutions of this class of difference equations with mixed nonlinearities. Our results are necessary in some sense, and extend and improve some existing ones even for some special cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does pelvic floor muscle training augment the effect of surgery in women with pelvic organ prolapse? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Wa , Wei Fen , Wang Hai‐Lin , Pan Yuan‐Qing , Zhen Jie‐Yu , Zhang Jv‐Xia , Yang Ke‐Hu
Published: May 2015

Background

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is often used as a treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and can improve function. However, the effectiveness of this modality as an adjunct to prolapse surgery for women with POP is unknown.

Aims

To evaluate whether the use of pelvic floor muscle training as an adjunct to prolapse surgery is superior to surgery alone for women with pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science from their inception dates to June 30, 2014 for data describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare the efficacy of PFMT with or without lifestyle modification plus surgery versus surgery alone for women with POP. Additional relevant studies were identified by searching the references of retrieved articles and using Google Scholar. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected relevant studies that met the pre‐specified inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies according to the Cochrane Handbook, version 5.1.0. Due to great heterogeneity in the choice and reporting of outcome measures and the different durations of follow‐up among the studies, this analysis is confined to a qualitative systematic review.

Results

Five RCTs involving 591 women were reviewed (treatment group [TG], 292 cases; control group [CG], 299 cases). Generally, the five RCTs exhibited low risk of bias. This study indicated no significant improvement in prolapse symptoms, in quality of life, or in the degree of prolapse for women with POP in the TG compared to those in the CG.

Conclusions

Insufficient evidence was found to support adding perioperative PFMT to surgery over the use of surgery alone in women undergoing surgery for POP. Adequately, powered RCTs with longer follow‐up periods are required to evaluate the long‐term effect of perioperative PFMT. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:666–674, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Effects of Impact Angle on the Performance of Kevlar Woven Fabric Rubber Composite Armor against Shaped Charge Jet Impact
Authors: Jia Xin , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Zu Xu‐Dong , Xiao Qiang‐Qiang
Published: May 2015

Kevlar woven fabric rubber composite armor (WFRCA) is a type of add‐on armor that usually consists of two steel plates with two Kevlar woven fabrics and a rubber layer in between. In this study, a theoretical model was developed to analyze the effect of the impact angles on the performance of the Kevlar WFRCA against the shaped charge jet impact. The calculation of the precursor length was discussed in detail. A series of X‐ray experiments were conducted to analyze the disturbance mechanism and precursor length of the Kevlar WFECA against the shaped charge jet under different impact angles. Theoretical and experimental analyses showed that the greater the impact angle, the higher the tip velocity of the precursor and the shorter the precursor length. A microscopic study of the edge of the Kevlar woven fabric, rubber, and steel plates after the shaped charge jet impact was also conducted to evaluate the structure and composition. Several broken Kevlar fibers were embedded in the steel plate and the moving jet. This phenomenon can be used to further investigate the disturbance mechanism of the Kevlar WFRCA against the shaped charge impact.
Pycnogenol® in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
Authors: Gulati Om P.
Published: May 2015

The present review provides an update of the biological actions of Pycnogenol® in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension. Pycnogenol® is a French maritime pine bark extract produced from the outer bark of Pinus pinaster Ait. Subsp. atlantica. Its strong antioxidant, antiinflammatory, endothelium‐dependent vasodilator activity, and also its anti‐thrombotic effects make it appropriate for targeting the multifaceted pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that it can reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes, blood pressure in mild to moderate hypertensive patients, and waist circumference, and improve lipid profile, renal and endothelial functions in metabolic syndrome. This review highlights the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and related clinical research findings on the safety and efficacy of Pycnogenol®. The results of clinical research studies performed with Pycnogenol® are discussed using an evidence‐based, target‐oriented approach following the pathophysiology of individual components as well as in metabolic syndrome overall. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of River Value in Education for Sustainable Development (The Vistula River, Poland)
Authors: Angiel Joanna , Angiel Piotr Jan
Published: May 2015

The goal of the research was to learn how young people perceive the value of the Vistula River in Poland. A large sample of high school students (1900 participants, 17–18 years old) from 11 cities along the Vistula was selected for this study. The results indicated a large variety of river values realized by students – symbolical–national, urban, natural, cultural, recreational and sentimental – and displayed values that were rarely shown or omitted.

The results were used to create recommendations and themes of education for sustainable development, which are focused on rivers and river valleys. Overall, modified directions, assortment and stronger inflections for the education about rivers, their value and sustainable development are recommended for educational programmes. Results can also help to determine sustainable development pathways for cities, investment planning, usage of river banks and projects of various non‐governmental organizations including education. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A Review of the CDC Recommendations for Prevention of HAIs in Outpatient Settings
Authors: Garrett J. Hudson
Published: May 2015

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most health care–associated infections (HAIs) are caused by contamination from the hands of health care providers or patients, contamination from the environment, and contamination from the patient's own skin. To mitigate common sources of infection transmission, frontline health care providers must be compliant with basic infection‐prevention interventions, including hand hygiene, environmental cleaning and disinfection, safe injection practices, and designation of a trained health care professional to be responsible for the infection prevention and control program. Integration of CDC recommendations should incorporate a bundled approach to these interventions and should be part of a comprehensive approach to infection prevention and control. Effective infection‐prevention practices in outpatient settings are critical for reducing the risk of infection transmission, improving patient safety and patient outcomes, and reducing costs associated with health care delivery.
Counterfactual Moving in Bill T. Jones'sLast Supper at Uncle Tom's Cabin/The Promised Land
Authors: Nereson Ariel
Published: May 2015

History has rules. One rule dictates that a people whose identity has been forged by violence and deprivation will manifest violence and deprivation. Such rules must be broken.

—Bill T. Jones

When Bill T. Jones's longtime creative and life partner Arnie Zane was in the last months of his life, the pair began conceiving a new work for their dance company, the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company (BTJ/AZ), that was inspired by Zane's love of Leonardo da Vinci's paintingThe Last Supperand a gift from company member Seán Curran of a pornographic deck of playing cards titled 52 Handsome Nudes. Zane generated the image of African American opera star Jessye Norman “on an ice floe, suspended above the stage at the Brooklyn Academy of Music” as a postmodern interpretation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's character Eliza Harris, the romantic heroine ofUncle Tom's Cabin. Zane passed away in March of 1988, and Jones continued on with their idea, eventually staging and touringLast Supper at Uncle Tom's Cabin/The Promised Landin 1990. The first half of the work, comprising “The Cabin” and “Eliza on the Ice,” is a reimagining of Stowe's classic text that is part of one of the company's abiding projects, the choreographing of contemporary relationships to history. For Jones and many in his company,Uncle Tom's Cabinwas not simply a story from the past but was rather a persistent narrative that has shaped historical trajectories of racial prejudice within the United States and in current lived experiences of racialized embodiment. This essay examines how the company's multiracial cast performed “Eliza on the Ice” as an experiment in historical inquiry through imagining “counterfactuals” to Stowe's representation of the racially hybrid Eliza. I propose that the company's choreographic and conceptual strategy of counterfactual moving, through its emphasis on embodiment, critically addresses the impact of the historical past on present bodies.
Novel drug candidates for blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia from high-throughput drug sensitivity and resistance testing
Authors: Pietarinen P O , Pemovska T , Kontro M , Yadav B , Mpindi J P , Andersson E I , Majumder M M , Kuusanmäki H , Koskenvesa P , Kallioniemi O , Wennerberg K , Heckman C A , Mustjoki S , Porkka K
Published: May 2015

Chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML BC) remains a challenging disease to treat despite the introduction and advances in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. In this study we set out to identify novel candidate drugs for CML BC by using an unbiased high-throughput drug testing platform. We used three CML cell lines representing different types of CML blast phases (K562, EM-2 and MOLM-1) and primary leukemic cells from three CML BC patients. Profiling of drug responses was performed with a drug sensitivity and resistance testing platform comprising 295 anticancer agents. Overall, drug sensitivity scores and the drug response profiles of cell line and primary cell samples correlated well and were distinct from other types of leukemia samples. The cell lines were highly sensitive to TKIs and the clinically TKI-resistant patient samples were also resistant ex vivo. Comparison of cell line and patient sample data identified new candidate drugs for CML BC, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors. Our results indicate that these drugs in particular warrant further evaluation by analyzing a larger set of primary patient samples. The results also pave way for designing rational combination therapies.
Rapid detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and methylecgonine in fingerprints using surface mass spectrometry
Authors: Bailey Melanie J. , Bradshaw Robert , Francese Simona , Salter Tara L. , Costa Catia , Ismail Mahado , P. Webb Roger , Bosman Ingrid , Wolff Kim , de Puit Marcel
Published: May 2015

Latent fingerprints provide a potential route to the secure, high throughput and non-invasive detection of drugs of abuse.
A novel hybrid mesostructured silica for the solid-phase extraction of estrogenic hormones from waters
Authors: Gañán Judith , Morante-Zarcero Sonia , Pérez-Quintanilla Damián , Sierra Isabel
Published: May 2015

SBA-15-C18 mesoporous silica was prepared by one-pot synthesis. The material was applied for the first time as a stationary phase for SPE. Good recoveries were obtained for the determination of twelve EDCs in waters by HPLC.
One-pot synthesis of high-performance Co/graphene electrocatalysts for glucose fuel cells free of enzymes and precious metals
Authors: Ci Suqin , Wen Zhenhai , Mao Shun , Hou Yang , Cui Shumao , He Zhen , Chen Junhong
Published: May 2015

Nanohybrids of nitrogen-doped graphene loading Co nanoparticles exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for both glucose oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction.
Fabrication of CeO2 nanotube supported Pt catalyst encapsulated with silica for high and stable performance
Authors: Wan Chao , Cheng Dang-guo , Chen Fengqiu , Zhan Xiaoli
Published: May 2015

Pt/CeO2 nanotubes encapsulated with silica exhibit high activity and stability for the water–gas-shift reaction.
12-Hydroxystearic acid SAFiNs in aliphatic diols – a molecular oddity
Authors: Lan Yaqi , Rogers Michael A.
Published: May 2015

12-Hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA), a structurally simple and cost-effective low molecular weight organogelator, has been studied extensively.
Activation and deformation of immobilized lipase on self-assembled monolayers with tailored wettability
Authors: Chen Peng-Cheng , Huang Xiao-Jun , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: May 2015

The relationships between the activity of immobilized lipase and its adsorption behavior, distribution, and structure were revealed for the first time.
Phospholipid-based self-assembled mesophase systems for light-activated drug delivery
Authors: Du Joanne D. , Fong Wye-Khay , Salentinig Stefan , Caliph Suzanne M. , Hawley Adrian , Boyd Ben J.
Published: May 2015

Biocompatible phospholipid–cholesterol matrix undergoes photothermal transition on irradiation with near infrared light for drug release applications.
High and stable photoelectrochemical activity of ZnO/ZnSe/CdSe/CuxS core–shell nanowire arrays: nanoporous surface with CuxS as a hole mediator
Authors: Ouyang Wei-Xin , Yu Yu-Xiang , Zhang Wei-De
Published: May 2015

A p–n junction photoanode based on ZnO/ZnSe/CdSe/CuxS heterostucture core–shell nanowire arrays shows high photoelectrocatalytic activity toward water splitting.
Correction: Orbital entanglement and CASSCF analysis of the Ru–NO bond in a Ruthenium nitrosyl complex
Authors: Freitag Leon , Knecht Stefan , Keller Sebastian F. , Delcey Mickaël G. , Aquilante Francesco , Pedersen Thomas Bondon , Lindh Roland , Reiher Markus , Gonzalez Leticia
Published: May 2015

Correction for ‘Orbital entanglement and CASSCF analysis of the Ru–NO bond in a Ruthenium nitrosyl complex’ by Leon Freitag et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05278a.
Crystal nucleation from solutions – transition states, rate determining steps and complexity
Authors: Davey Roger J. , Back Kevin R. , Sullivan Rachel A.
Published: May 2015

This introductory paper offers a contemporary view of crystal nucleation. We begin with a molecular interpretation of the transition state and then revisit the use of classical nucleation theory as a means of obtaining molecular scale information from kinetic data. Traditional physical organic chemistry has always utilised the combination of kinetics and thermodynamics in order to gain insight over reaction pathways. Here we demonstrate for the cases of sucrose andp-aminobenzoic acid how solution chemistry, crystallography and kinetics come together to provide self-consistent pictures of the molecular scale processes occurring during nucleation. In this and a number of other systems desolvation of specific functional groups is highlighted as the rate determining step. Finally we move on to discuss the question of complexity, both from a phase and molecular perspective.
Selective and controllable purification of monomeric lignin model compounds via aqueous phase reforming
Authors: Otromke Malte , Theiss Lara , Wunsch Anna , Susdorf Alexander , Aicher Thomas
Published: May 2015

Selective and controllable removal of methoxy groups in liquid hot water without ring hydration from lignin model compounds. Description of reaction routes and kinetics.
Reconfigurable microfluidic dilution for high-throughput quantitative assays
Authors: Fan Jinzhen , Li Baoqing , Xing Siyuan , Pan Tingrui
Published: May 2015

A microfluidic dilution device for quantitative assays which simultaneously produces 1 to 100-fold dilution from 10 μL sample without pumps.
Molybdate sulfuric acid (MSA): an efficient solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of diversely functionalized fused imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Shinde Vijay Vilas , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: May 2015

Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines has been accomplished for the first time under solvent-free conditions using molybdate sulfuric acid (MSA) as a heterogeneous catalyst. The present protocol is operationally simple, green and offers several advantages over the existing methods.
A versatile method of epoxide formation with the support of peroxy ionic liquids
Authors: Zawadzki Przemysław , Matuszek Karolina , Czardybon Wojciech , Chrobok Anna
Published: May 2015

A new method for the synthesis of epoxides in the presence of a peroxy ionic liquid as an oxidising agent and a solvent was developed.
Novel ferrocene-anchored ZnO nanoparticle/carbon nanotube assembly for glucose oxidase wiring: application to a glucose/air fuel cell
Authors: Haddad Raoudha , Mattei Jean-Gabriel , Thery Jessica , Auger Aurélien
Published: May 2015

Glucose oxidase is immobilized on a ZnO-Fc nanoparticle modified electrode. The new architecture of ZnO supported electron mediators to shuttle electrons from the redox centre of the enzyme to the surface of the working electrode can bring about successful glucose oxidation.
Ethylenediamine-assisted preparation of carbon nanofiber supported nickel oxide electrocatalysts for sensitive and durable detection of insulin
Authors: Zhang Li , Chu Xikun , Yuan Sheng-mei , Zhao Guang-chao
Published: May 2015

Facile preparation of a carbon nanofibers/nickel oxide nanocomposite and its sensitive and durable performance for insulin electrocatalytic oxidation.
Fabrication and characterization of KGM-based FMBO-containing aerogels for removal of arsenite in aqueous solution
Authors: Ye Shuxin , Jin Weiping , Huang Qing , Hu Ying , Shah Bakht Ramin , Liu Shilin , Li Yan , Li Bin
Published: May 2015

Hybrid materials were obtained by immobilizing Fe and Mn oxides (FMBO) into a konjac glucomannan (KGM) based aerogel matrix to remove arsenite from water.
Solid acid-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid for enhancing thermal stability, mechanical property and flame retardancy of polypropylene
Authors: Yuan Bihe , Song Lei , Liew Kim Meow , Hu Yuan
Published: May 2015

PMoA enhances the radical trapping effect of graphene.
Theoretical investigation of dihydroacridine and diphenylsulphone derivatives as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Xiaguang , Shen Wei , Zhang Dongmei , Zheng Yongzhen , He Rongxing , Li Ming
Published: May 2015

Effective energy transfer between host and emitter, which includes singlet–singlet, singlet–triplet and triplet–triplet transfer, would occur.
Effects of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the photostability of wood flour/polypropylene composites during UV weathering
Authors: Peng Yao , Wang Wen , Cao Jinzhen , Guo Xi
Published: May 2015

MgAl–CO3-LDH was synthesised and proved to play a positive effect on alleviating the photo-oxidation of wood flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites, confirming its UV-shielding effect.
Gold nanoparticles supported on dendrimer@resin for the efficient oxidation of styrene using elemental oxygen
Authors: Sharma Anuj S. , Shah Dipen , Kaur Harjinder
Published: May 2015

Highly dispersed AuNPs of sizes 2–5 nm deposited onto third generation PAMAM dendrimers attached to XAD-4 for facile epoxidation of styrene.
Correction: Behaviour of zinc during the process of leaching copper from WPCBs by typical acidic ionic liquids
Authors: Chen Mengjun , Wang Jiqin , Huang Jinxiu , Chen Haiyan
Published: May 2015

Correction for ‘Behaviour of zinc during the process of leaching copper from WPCBs by typical acidic ionic liquids’ by Mengjun Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 34921–34926.
Probing high school students' cognitive structures and key areas of learning difficulties on ethanoic acid using the flow map method
Authors: Zhou Qing , Wang Tingting , Zheng Qi
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was primarily to explore high school students' cognitive structures and to identify their learning difficulties on ethanoic acid through the flow map method. The subjects of this study were 30 grade 1 students from Dong Yuan Road Senior High School in Xi’an, China. The interviews were conducted a week after the students had received instruction on ethanoic acid. The interview narratives were then transcribed into flow maps. Analysis of the flow maps showed that there existed a difference between the individual students’ cognitive structure on ethanoic acid, higher academic achievers constructed more enriched cognitive structures and had higher scores for cognitive structural variables than lower academic achievers. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis of the students' cognitive structure outcomes, academic achievement and the information processing modes revealed that there was a positive correlation between two of them to some extent; in general, the higher academic achievers tended to have higher cognitive structure outcomes and employed high-order information processing modes. Analysis of the content of the flow maps of all the participants indicated that most of the students knew the main facts about ethanoic acid, but the details were not complete, and the misconceptions were mainly related to the molecular constitution and structure of ethanoic acid as well as to the esterification reaction, while the knowledge of the physical properties and the acidity of ethanoic acid seemed to have been mastered relatively well, as for the applications of ethanoic acid, students only mentioned that it can be used as condiment.
Versatile thiol-based reactions for micrometer- and nanometer-scale photopatterning of polymers and biomolecules
Authors: Mostegel Florian H. , Ducker Robert E. , Rieger Paul H. , El Zubir Osama , Xia Sijing , Radl Simone V. , Edler Matthias , Cartron Michaël L. , Hunter C. Neil , Leggett Graham J. , Griesser Thomas
Published: May 2015

Thiol-based reactions were applied to enable the photochemical patterning of polymer brushes and green fluorescent protein on silicon oxide surfaces.
Seizure Disorders and the Effects of Antiepileptic Medications on Cognitive-Communicative Function
Authors: Abou-Khalil Bassel , Abou-Khalil Rima
Published: May 2015

Purpose

Review effects of epilepsy and its treatment on cognitive-communicative function.

Method

We searched PubMed and extracted relevant information.

Results

Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Epilepsy is commonly associated with cognitive disturbances in between seizures, most commonly memory dysfunction. Other cognitive disturbances may be seen, particularly auditory naming when epilepsy starts in the dominant temporal lobe. While control of seizures is expected to improve the cognitive consequences, antiepileptic drugs themselves may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. Among the old generation of antiepileptic drugs, the sedating medications phenobarbital and benzodiazepines have the most negative impact on cognitive function. However, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproate may also adversely affect attention and memory. The newer antiepileptic drugs lamotrigine, gabapentin, and levetiracetam (LEV) are less likely to affect cognition than carbamazepine. Another new antiepileptic drug, topiramate, is associated with considerable adverse effects on attention, concentration, memory, executive function, and verbal fluency. Word finding difficulties are a common adverse effect, to the point that some patients can develop a nonfluent aphasia. Levetiracetam (LEV), on the other hand, has been reported to improve verbal fluency in patients with partial epilepsy and language dysfunction.

Conclusions

Both epilepsy and its treatment may adversely affect cognitive-communicative function.
Classification of Alzheimer's disease from quadratic sample entropy of electroencephalogram
Authors: Simons Samantha , Abasolo Daniel , Escudero Javier
Published: May 2015

Currently accepted input parameter limitations in entropy‐based, non‐linear signal processing methods, for example, sample entropy (SampEn), may limit the information gathered from tested biological signals. The ability of quadratic sample entropy (QSE) to identify changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of 11 patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 11 age‐matched, healthy controls is investigated. QSE measures signal regularity, where reduced QSE values indicate greater regularity. The presented method allows a greater range of QSE input parameters to produce reliable results than SampEn. QSE was lower in AD patients compared with controls with significant differences (p < 0.01) for different parameter combinations at electrodes P3, P4, O1 and O2. Subject‐ and epoch‐based classifications were tested with leave‐one‐out linear discriminant analysis. The maximum diagnostic accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 77.27 and more than 80%, respectively, at many parameter and electrode combinations. Furthermore, QSE results across all r values were consistent, suggesting QSE is robust for a wider range of input parameters than SampEn. The best results were obtained with input parameters outside the acceptable range for SampEn, and can identify EEG changes between AD patients and controls. However, caution should be applied because of the small sample size.
Simple process for single‐layer nanowire gratings
Authors: Zhang Ran , Chu Jinkui , Wang Zhiwen , Wang Qianyi , Liu Ze
Published: May 2015

A simple fabrication process for single‐layer nanowire gratings (SLNGs) is proposed. On the basis of this process, an SLNG polariser with a 1.3 × 1.3 mm area of grating patterns and a 100 nm linewidth was successfully fabricated. First, the nanograting patterns were transferred from a metal master stamp to a soft IPS mould using the hot embossing process and the nanograting patterns on the IPS mould were transferred to the imprint resist layer by UV nanoimprint process subsequently; then, after a residual resist removal process, an aluminium layer was thermally evaporated on the substrate to form a bilayer nanowire grating structure; and finally, SLNGs were fabricated by an oxygen plasma ashing process. The inspection results show good consistency in the whole grating patterns area. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed simple process can be adaptable to fabrications of high‐density and large‐area nanometal patterns.
Effects of anharmonicity of current-phase relation in Josephson junctions (Review Article)
Authors: Askerzade I. N.
Published: May 2015

The aim of this review is the analysis of dynamical properties of Josephson junctions (JJ) with anharmonic current-phase relation (CPR). Firstly, discussion of theoretical foundation of anharmonic CPR in different Josephson structures and their experimental observation are presented. The influence of anisotropy and multiband effects on CPR of JJ are analyzed. We present recent theoretical study results of the anharmonic CPR influence on I–V curve, plasma frequency, and dynamics of long JJ. Results of study of Shapiro steps in I–V curve of anharmonic JJ are also presented. Finally, CPR anharmonicity effect on characteristics of JJ-based qubits is discussed.
Origin invariance in vibrational resonance Raman optical activity
Authors: Vidal Luciano N. , Egidi Franco , Barone Vincenzo , Cappelli Chiara
Published: May 2015

A theoretical investigation on the origin dependence of the vibronic polarizabilities, isotropic and anisotropic rotational invariants, and scattering cross sections in Resonance Raman Optical Activity (RROA) spectroscopy is presented. Expressions showing the origin dependence of these polarizabilities were written in the resonance regime using the Franck-Condon (FC) and Herzberg-Teller (HT) approximations for the electronic transition moments. Differently from the far-from-resonance scattering regime, where the origin dependent terms cancel out when the rotational invariants are calculated, RROA spectrum can exhibit some origin dependence even for eigenfunctions of the electronic Hamiltonian. At the FC level, the RROA spectrum is completely origin invariant if the polarizabilities are calculated using a single excited state or for a set of degenerate states. Otherwise, some origin effects can be observed in the spectrum. At the HT level, RROA spectrum is origin dependent even when the polarizabilities are evaluated from a single excited state but the origin effect is expected to be small in this case. Numerical calculations performed for (S)-methyloxirane, (2R,3R)-dimethyloxirane, and (R)-4-F-2-azetidinone at both FC and HT levels using the velocity representation of the electric dipole and quadrupole transition moments confirm the predictions of the theory and show the extent of origin effects and the effectiveness of suggested ways to remove them.