bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methoxyfuranocoumarins of Natural Origin–Updating Biological Activity Research and Searching for New Directions—A Review
Authors: Bartnik Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Plant secondary metabolites, including furanocoumarins, have attracted attention for decades as active molecules with therapeutic potential, especially those occurring in a limited number of species as evolutionarily specific and chemotaxonomically important. The most famous methoxyfuranocoumarins (MFCs), bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin, phellopterin, byakangelicol, byakangelicin, isobergapten, pimpinellin, sphondin, as well as rare ones such as peucedanin and 8-methoxypeucedanin, apaensin, cnidilin, moellendorffiline and dahuribiethrins, have recently been investigated for their various biological activities. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant potential of moellendorffiline, the antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of non-UV-activated bergapten and xanthotoxin, the effect of MFC on the activity of tyrosinase, acetyl- and butylcholinesterase, and the role of these compounds as adjuvants in anticancer and antibacterial tests have been confirmed. The anticonvulsant effects of halfordin, the antidepressant effects of xanthotoxin, and the antiadipogenic, neuroprotective, anti-amyloid-β, and anti-inflammatory (via increasing SIRT 1 protein expression) properties of phellopterin, as well as the activity of sphondin against hepatitis B virus, have also attracted interest. It is worth paying attention to the agonistic effect of xanthotoxin on bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) on cardiomyocytes, which may be important in the future treatment of tachycardia, as well as the significant anti-inflammatory activity of dahuribiethrins. It should be emphasized that MFCs, although in many cases isolated for the first time many years ago, are still of great interest as bioactive molecules. The aim of this review is to highlight key recent developments in the study of the diverse biological activities of MFCs and attempt to highlight promising directions for their further research. Where possible, descriptions of the mechanisms of action of MFC are provided, which is related to the constantly discovered therapeutic potential of these molecules. The review covers the results of experiments from the last ten years (2014–2023) conducted on isolated natural cMFCs and includes the activity of molecules that have not been activated by UV rays.
Local Context Capacity Building Needs for Climate Change Adaptation among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda: Policy and Practice Implications
Authors: Mfitumukiza David , Mwesigwa Gordon Y. , Kayendeke Ellen J. , Muwanika Vincent B.
Published: January 2024

Climate change impacts threaten sustainable development efforts. The magnitude of the impacts, however, varies with the socio-ecological characteristics of locations. This is the reason there is consensus on the necessity for climate change adaptive capacity building that is country driven, and based on, and responsive to, local needs. However, information on context specific capacity building needs in developing countries is not readily available. The objective of this study was to establish location specific awareness, training, educational research and technology capacity building needs for climate change adaptation among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Semi-structured questionnaires were used with 465 households from five agro-ecological zones, selected based on the level of vulnerability of agricultural systems to the main climate variation and change hazards. Results reveal substantial capacity building needs in all the zones. The majority of the farmers needed capacity building for interventions on soil-water conservation practices for adapting to drought and unpredictable rainfall. For all zones, education, research, and technology were perceived as key needs. However, the needs varied among zones. These results demonstrate the importance of context specificity in adaptation efforts. The study provides agro-ecological and social system specific information for climate change adaptation planning and policy interventions for effective capacity building.
Opportunities and Difficulties in the Repurposing of HDAC Inhibitors as Antiparasitic Agents
Authors: Mohapatra Tapas Kumar , Nayak Reena Rani , Ganeshpurkar Ankit , Tiwari Prashant , Kumar Dileep
Published: January 2024

Ongoing therapy for human parasite infections has a few known drugs but with serious side effects and the problem of drug resistance, impelling us to discover novel drug candidates with newer mechanisms of action. Universally, this has boosted the research in the design and development of novel medicinal agents as antiparasitic drugs with a novel mode of action. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are used in a vast variety of diseases due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Drug repurposing strategies have already approved HDACis as cancer therapeutics and are now under investigation for many parasitic infections. Along with the expression of the gene, histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes also act as a slice of great multi-subunit complexes, targeting many non-histones, changing systemic and cellular levels signaling, and producing different cell-based specified effects. Zinc (Zn2+)- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent HDACs of parasites play pivotal roles in the alteration of gene expression of parasites. Some of them are already known to be responsible for the survival of several parasites under odd circumstances; thus, targeting them for therapeutic interventions will be novel for potential antiparasitic targets. This point of view outlines the knowledge of both class-I and class-II HDACis and sirtuin inhibitors that emerged to be the key players in the treatment of human parasitic disorders like Leishmaniasis, Schistosomiasis, Malaria, Trypanosomiasis, and Toxoplasmosis. This review also focuses on repurposing opportunities and challenges in HDAC inhibitors that are preceded by their clinical development as potent new antiparasitic drugs.
Intra-Observer and Inter-Observer Variability of Intraocular Lens Measurements Using an Interferometry Metrology Device
Authors: Stern Benjamin , Saad Alain , Flamant Roxane , Joannes Luc , Gatinel Damien
Published: January 2024

The NIMO TEMPO (Lambda-X, Nivelles, Belgium) is a novel, user-friendly and compact device designed for in vitro optical analysis of refractive and diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs). This device analyzes the IOL wavefront and generates a synthetic eye model for numerical computation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the precision of this innovative device. Intra- and inter-observer variability were calculated using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after conducting ten measurements of eight different IOL models, with each measurement being repeated by three distinct operators (resulting in a total of 30 measurements for each IOL). The device demonstrated satisfactory intra- and inter-observer variability in evaluating IOL power and modulation transfer function (MTF) profiles, with values of 0.066 and 0.078 diopters for IOL power and 0.018 and 0.019 for MTF measurements, respectively. Furthermore, this hybrid optical and numerical in vitro IOL wavefront analyzer appears to have several advantages over conventional optical bench devices. It reduces the need for operator manipulation, and allows for numerical modeling of various optical environments, including cornea models and apertures. In conclusion, this novel metrology device designed for refractive and diffractive IOLs appears to provide a satisfactory precision, making it a promising tool in the field of IOL metrology.
A New Method to Evaluate Lower Esophageal Distension Capacity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis by Using Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP™)
Authors: Casabona-Francés Sergio , Sanz-García Ancor , Ortega Guillermo J. , Santander Cecilio , Perez-Fernandez Teresa , Majano Pedro , Olalla José Maria , Juárez-Tosina Rocio , Mueller Ralph , Attwood Stephen , Lucendo Alfredo
Published: January 2024

Endoluminal functional lumen impedance planimetry (EndoFLIPTM) has become the gold standard to evaluate esophageal distensibility, although the study itself and its analysis present challenges. We propose here a new method to assess lower esophageal distension capacity that overcomes several limitations of prior approaches, including incomplete and corrupted EndoFLIPTM recordings. Esophageal distension capacity was evaluated with a 16-channel EndoFLIPTM in 10 controls and 14 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Controls were evaluated once. EoE patients were evaluated at baseline and after at least six weeks of treatment with orodispersible budesonide tablets, 1 mg bd. Balloon volumes were increased by 5 mL stepwise, either reaching a maximum volume of 60 mL or a maximum balloon pressure of 60 mmHg. Recordings were analyzed with a homemade R script. The mean esophageal diameter at 60 mL, D (60 mL), was calculated or extrapolated depending on whether the 60 mL volume was reached. By fitting a Michaelis–Menten curve across all measured diameters throughout all constant volume steps, the mean D (60 mL) was estimated. For control subjects, the mean ± SD value of D (60 mL) was 17.08 ± 1.69 mm, and for EoE patients at baseline, D (60 mL) was 14.51 ± 2.68 mm. After six weeks of treatment of EoE patients, D (60 mL) significantly increased to 16.22 ± 1.86 mm (paired Wilcoxon signed test: p = 0.0052), although the values for control subjects were not reached. The estimated mean esophageal diameter at 60 mL is a good proxy for esophageal distension capacity, which correlates with clinical outcomes in EoE. The method presented in this study overcomes difficulties encountered during the standard measurement protocol, allowing the analysis of recordings from incomplete and corrupted registries.
Post-Orthodontic Relapse Prevention through Administration of a Novel Synthetic Carbonated Hydroxyapatite–Chitosan Hydrogel Derived from Blood Cockle Shell (Anadara granosa L.)
Authors: Hadi Aanisah Fauziyyah Nurul , Aghniya Sabrina Noor , Haidar Gayuh Abi , Sihombing Windy Sepry Marcelina , Sutedjo Angelina , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: January 2024

Relapse during passive orthodontic treatment is a major issue, with 70–90% frequency. This study examines whether blood cockle shells may be used to extract carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)-chitosan (CS). This study also aims to analyze the effect of CHA-CS on orthodontic relapse in rats. This study utilized 18 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into two groups: CHA-CS and the control group (CG). The rats were subjected to a 35 cN orthodontic force for a duration of 7 days, after which the rats were conditioned to be passive. During this phase, the CHA-CS group received daily administration of CHA-CS hydrogel derived from the blood cockle shell. Subsequently, the appliances were detached to facilitate relapse. The distance between the mesial tips was measured using a digital caliper at three consecutive time points: 1, 5, and 7 days after debonding. The number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and fibroblasts was examined using hematoxylin–eosin staining. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using a t-test. The relapse distance of the CHA-CS group was lower than that of the control groups on day 7. Histological examinations using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining showed a significant increase in osteoblasts, a decrease in osteoclasts, and an increase in fibroblasts during orthodontic relapse movement (p < 0.05). This study found that blood cockle shell-derived CHA-CS may reduce orthodontic relapse by increasing osteoblasts and fibroblasts and by reducing the osteoclast number in rats.
Fault-Tolerant Event-Triggrred Control for Multiple UAVs with Predefined Tracking Performance
Authors: Ma Ziyuan , Gong Huajun , Wang Xinhua
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes an event-triggered fault-tolerant time-varying formation control method dedicated to multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We meticulously design a formation-tracking controller with a predefined tracking performance to accommodate the presence of actuator faults and external disturbances. Firstly, the formation-tracking controller acquires the desired heading using the line-of-sight algorithm. Secondly, in the presence of actuator faults and external disturbances, we introduce the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and adaptive law tracking control to effectively compensate for their effects. Additionally, we design adaptive tracking controllers and event-triggering conditions to increase the computational frequency. The predefined tracking performance, implemented via a Lyapunov function, ensures the convergence of the tracking error over time. Finally, we conduct a thorough analysis of the system’s stability, successfully eliminating the possibility of Zeno behavior. The simulation results thoroughly validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
An Information Theoretic Condition for Perfect Reconstruction
Authors: Delsol  Idris , Rioul  Olivier , Béguinot Julien , Rabiet  Victor , Souloumiac  Antoine
Published: January 2024

A new information theoretic condition is presented for reconstructing a discrete random variable X based on the knowledge of a set of discrete functions of X. The reconstruction condition is derived from Shannon’s 1953 lattice theory with two entropic metrics of Shannon and Rajski. Because such a theoretical material is relatively unknown and appears quite dispersed in different references, we first provide a synthetic description (with complete proofs) of its concepts, such as total, common, and complementary information. The definitions and properties of the two entropic metrics are also fully detailed and shown to be compatible with the lattice structure. A new geometric interpretation of such a lattice structure is then investigated, which leads to a necessary (and sometimes sufficient) condition for reconstructing the discrete random variable X given a set {X1,…,Xn} of elements in the lattice generated by X. Intuitively, the components X1,…,Xn of the original source of information X should not be globally “too far away” from X in the entropic distance in order that X is reconstructable. In other words, these components should not overall have too low of a dependence on X; otherwise, reconstruction is impossible. These geometric considerations constitute a starting point for a possible novel “perfect reconstruction theory”, which needs to be further investigated and improved along these lines. Finally, this condition is illustrated in five specific examples of perfect reconstruction problems: the reconstruction of a symmetric random variable from the knowledge of its sign and absolute value, the reconstruction of a word from a set of linear combinations, the reconstruction of an integer from its prime signature (fundamental theorem of arithmetic) and from its remainders modulo a set of coprime integers (Chinese remainder theorem), and the reconstruction of the sorting permutation of a list from a minimal set of pairwise comparisons.
The Challenges of Machine Learning: A Critical Review
Authors: Barbierato Enrico , Gatti Alice
Published: January 2024

The concept of learning has multiple interpretations, ranging from acquiring knowledge or skills to constructing meaning and social development. Machine Learning (ML) is considered a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and develops algorithms that can learn from data and generalize their judgment to new observations by exploiting primarily statistical methods. The new millennium has seen the proliferation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), a formalism able to reach extraordinary achievements in complex problems such as computer vision and natural language recognition. In particular, designers claim that this formalism has a strong resemblance to the way the biological neurons operate. This work argues that although ML has a mathematical/statistical foundation, it cannot be strictly regarded as a science, at least from a methodological perspective. The main reason is that ML algorithms have notable prediction power although they cannot necessarily provide a causal explanation about the achieved predictions. For example, an ANN could be trained on a large dataset of consumer financial information to predict creditworthiness. The model takes into account various factors like income, credit history, debt, spending patterns, and more. It then outputs a credit score or a decision on credit approval. However, the complex and multi-layered nature of the neural network makes it almost impossible to understand which specific factors or combinations of factors the model is using to arrive at its decision. This lack of transparency can be problematic, especially if the model denies credit and the applicant wants to know the specific reasons for the denial. The model’s “black box” nature means it cannot provide a clear explanation or breakdown of how it weighed the various factors in its decision-making process. Secondly, this work rejects the belief that a machine can simply learn from data, either in supervised or unsupervised mode, just by applying statistical methods. The process of learning is much more complex, as it requires the full comprehension of a learned ability or skill. In this sense, further ML advancements, such as reinforcement learning and imitation learning denote encouraging similarities to similar cognitive skills used in human learning.
Harmonic Suppressed Wilkinson Power Divider Using Parallel Resonant Shunt Stub
Authors: Jang Yeongmin , Jeong Jinho
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a harmonic-suppressed Wilkinson power divider (HS WPD) utilizing parallel resonant shunt stubs (PRSSs). PRSSs are integrated into the conventional WPD by adding functionalities such as bandpass filtering, harmonic suppression, and physical port separation. The resonance conditions and design equations of the PRSS are theoretically derived and verified through circuit simulations. Using the PRSS, we designed an HS WPD operating at 1 GHz. The fabricated HS WPD demonstrated an insertion loss of 3.2 dB at the fundamental frequency, with a wide 3 dB bandwidth of 129%. The harmonic suppression levels at the 2nd and 3rd harmonic frequencies are measured to be 21.0 dB and 25.8 dB, respectively. The measured input return loss at the fundamental frequency was 27.9 dB, whereas the output return loss was 24.6 dB. Additionally, the HS WPD demonstrates isolation levels at the fundamental, 2nd, and 3rd harmonic frequencies, with levels of 29.2 dB, 17.8 dB, and 47.1 dB, respectively. It also exhibited broadband isolation (>8.7 dB) across the frequency range of 100 kHz to 3.35 GHz. The PRSS design allows for the physical separation of the ports without requiring additional circuitry. Compared to previously reported PDs, the proposed design offers multiple functions in a compact size, making it highly suitable for various microwave systems.
The Application of Pyrolysis Biochar Obtained from Waste Rapeseed Cake to Remove Copper from Industrial Wastewater: An Overview
Authors: Mazurek Krzysztof , Drużyński Sebastian , Kiełkowska Urszula , Wróbel-Kaszanek Adriana , Igliński Bartłomiej , Cichosz Marcin
Published: January 2024

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical technology for converting biomass into energy and chemical products consisting of bio-gas, bio-oil, and biochar. Several parameters influence the process efficiency and properties of pyrolysis products. These include the type of biomass, biomass preliminary preparation, gaseous atmosphere, final temperature, heating rate, and process time. This manuscript provides a general summary of the properties of the pyrolytic products of waste rapeseed cake, with particular emphasis on the sorption properties of biochar. Biochar, produced by the pyrolysis process of biomass, is emerging as a powerful tool for carbon sequestration, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and purifying water from contaminants such as potentially toxic elements and antibiotics. The review found that the biochar obtained as a result of pyrolysis of chemically modified waste rapeseed cake is characterised by its excellent sorption properties. The obtained sorbents are characterised by sorption capacity relative to the copper(II) ion, ranging from 40 mg·g−1 to 100 mg·g−1, according to the pyrolysis conditions and chemical modification method. The purified pyrolysis gas obtained in the high-temperature process can be used to generate heat and energy. Bio-oil, with its significant combustion heat of 36 MJ·kg−1, can be a source of environmentally friendly green biofuel.
A Scoping Review of Energy-Efficient Driving Behaviors and Applied State-of-the-Art AI Methods
Authors: Ma Zhipeng , Jørgensen Bo Nørregaard , Ma Zheng
Published: January 2024

The transportation sector remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The understanding of energy-efficient driving behaviors and utilization of energy-efficient driving strategies are essential to reduce vehicles’ fuel consumption. However, there is no comprehensive investigation into energy-efficient driving behaviors and strategies. Furthermore, many state-of-the-art AI models have been applied for the analysis of eco-friendly driving styles, but no overview is available. To fill the gap, this paper conducts a thorough literature review on ecological driving behaviors and styles, and analyzes the driving factors influencing energy consumption and state-of-the-art methodologies. With a thorough scoping review process, thirty-seven articles with full text were assessed, and the methodological and related data are compared. The results show that the factors that impact driving behaviors can be summarized into eleven features including speed, acceleration, deceleration, pedal, steering, gear, engine, distance, weather, traffic signal, and road parameters. This paper finds that supervised/unsupervised learning algorithms and reinforcement learning frameworks have been popularly used to model the vehicle’s energy consumption with multi-dimensional data. Furthermore, the literature shows that the driving data are collected from either simulators or real-world experiments, and the real-world data are mainly stored and transmitted by meters, controller area networks, onboard data services, smartphones, and additional sensors installed in the vehicle. Based on driving behavior factors, driver characteristics, and safety rules, this paper recommends nine energy-efficient driving styles including four guidelines for the drivers’ selection and adjustment of the vehicle parameters, three recommendations for the energy-efficient driving styles in different driving scenarios, and two subjective suggestions for different types of drivers and employers.
Blueberry Pruning Wastes: From an Undervalued Agricultural Residue to a Safe and Valuable Source of Antioxidant Compounds for the Food Industry
Authors: Dorosh Olena , Fernandes Virgínia Cruz , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Moreira Manuela M.
Published: January 2024

Blueberry fruits have been widely explored for their rich composition of bioactive compounds with recognized health benefits. In contrast, blueberry pruning waste (BPW), generated during the pruning stages of blueberries, has been typically overlooked, even though it can represent a potential source of natural antioxidants. This study aims to characterize the value-added compounds extracted from BPW using green techniques, namely microwave-assisted and subcritical water extraction. The total phenolic content ranged from 157 ± 5 to 335 ± 12 mg GAE/g dw, while the radical scavenging activity determined by a DPPH assay varied from 223 ± 21 to 453 ± 21 mg Trolox equivalents/g dw. Additionally, to ensure the safe application of BPW and its extracts, a screening of pesticides and several environmental contaminants was conducted. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was quantified at a concentration of 4.27 µg/kg in a Bluecrop variety collected in 2019; however, none of the studied compounds were found in the extracts. Despite the presence of a pesticide, this level was below the maximum residue limits for blueberry crops. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of this agro-industrial residue as a natural source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity for food industry applications.
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of Different Rolling Methods on Black Tea Quality
Authors: Yang Shuya , Pathak Sujan , Tang Haiyan , Zhang De , Chen Yuqiong , Ntezimana Bernard , Ni Dejiang , Yu Zhi
Published: January 2024

A non-targeted metabolomics approach and sensory evaluation, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, systematically uncover the impact of the rolling time on the quality parameters of black tea. GC-MS analysis reveals that a moderate extension of rolling time favorably contributes to the accumulation of characteristic aroma components in black tea. The volatile components reach their highest concentration in black tea samples processed during an 80-min rolling period. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis demonstrates a substantial decrease in the contents of catechins and flavonoids with an increase in rolling time. Simultaneously, the production of theaflavins, coupled with the degradation of green bitterness volatiles (GBVs), significantly contributes to the formation of endogenous aroma components in black tea. These findings underscore the close relationship between rolling time control and black tea quality, emphasizing that a moderate extension of the rolling time fosters the development of improved black tea flavor quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation indicates that the optimal duration is 80 min. However, the initial 0 to 20 min of rolling is a crucial phase for the genesis and transformation of black tea quality. This study offers valuable insights into the influence of rolling time on black tea quality, potentially enhancing future studies of rolling technology. It provides theoretical guidelines for optimizing the processing of Gongfu black tea.
Risks Associated with Quality Care among Hispanic and White Populations—A Cross-Sectional Comparison Study
Authors: Tzeng Ching-Fang Tiffany , Swoboda Thomas , Huggins Charles , D’Etienne James , Wang Hao
Published: January 2024

Quality care in healthcare is a multifaceted concept that encompasses the execution of effective medical treatments and the patient’s overall experience. It involves a multitude of factors, including effectiveness, safety, timeliness, equity, and patient centeredness, which are important in shaping the healthcare landscape. This cross-sectional study used the data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 6 (HINTS 6), which collects data on various aspects of health communication and information-seeking behaviors, to investigate the factors associated with quality care among White and Hispanic populations. All adults who participated in HINTS 6 and visited healthcare service at least once in the past 12 months were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between quality care and delay or discriminated care with the adjustment of all other sociodemographic variables. We analyzed a total of 3611 participants. Poor social determinants of health (SDOHs) (OR 0.61, CI 0.43–0.88, p = 0.008), delayed needed medical care (OR 0.34, CI 0.26–0.43, p < 0.001), and discriminated care (OR 0.29, CI 0.15–0.54, p < 0.001) were all negatively associated with optimal quality care. Negative SDOHs could also be positively associated with delayed care and discriminated care.
Promoting Sexual Health in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Survivors: Results from a Systematic Review
Authors: Rocha Hélia B. , Carneiro Bruna C. , Vasconcelos Priscila A. , Pereira Raquel , Quinta-Gomes Ana Luísa , Nobre Pedro J.
Published: January 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment negatively impact sexual health. However, there is still a lack of interventions targeting the sexual healthcare needs of colorectal cancer patients and survivors. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize the efficacy of available psychological interventions aimed at improving colorectal cancer patients’ and survivors’ sexual health. Methods: This review followed PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A database search was conducted for studies published until July 2023 on EBSCO Host, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Manuscripts were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results: From the 1499 records screened, four studies describing psychological interventions to improve the sexual health of the target population were identified. All studies reported on e-health programs and showed evidence of their efficacy in the improvement of participants’ sexual function. The studies presented low scores on the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Conclusions: Despite the evidence that tele/e-health psychological interventions have the potential to effectively promote sexual health in colorectal cancer patients and survivors, more robust research is needed to allow for generalization. Future research should further assess the efficacy of e-health interventions (eMental Health) in promoting sexual health in patients with colorectal cancer.
Effect of Korean Medicine Treatment on Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Jeon Hyoseung , Lee Suji , Kim Sung-A , Lee Unhyung , Lee Seunghoon
Published: January 2024

Evidence regarding Korean medicine treatment (KMT) for neuropathic pain is lacking. We aimed to identify the effects of integrative KMT in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of patients with PHN who received KMT at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital between August 2021 and July 2022. We evaluated the effects of KMT—comprising acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, and moxibustion—on pain intensity using the numerical rating scale (NRS), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety (HADS-A), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression (HADS-D), Daily Sleep Interference Scale (DSIS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and EuroQol-5D. Among 53 patients with PHN, 13 were included. The NRS score for worst pain over 1 week decreased from 6.54 ± 0.64 at baseline to 3.85 ± 0.63 at 8 weeks (41% reduction, p < 0.01), while that for average pain over 1 week decreased from 4.93 ± 0.67 at baseline to 3.08 ± 0.46 at 8 weeks (37% reduction, p < 0.01). From baseline to 8 weeks, there were significant reductions in the SF-MPQ, HADS-A, FSS, and EuroQol-5D scores. No adverse events were reported after KMT. Therefore, KMT may be an effective treatment option for patients with PHN.
Fine-Tuning Grape Phytochemistry: Examining the Distinct Influence of Oak Ash and Potassium Carbonate Pre-Treatments on Essential Components
Authors: Kaya Ozkan , Delavar Hava , Ates Fadime , Yilmaz Turhan , Sahin Muge , Keskin Nurhan
Published: January 2024

Understanding the impact of pre-treatment methods on the phytochemical composition of grapes is essential for optimizing grape quality and producing raisins with desirable characteristics. Therefore, this study meticulously analyzed the impact of two distinct pre-treatment methods, oak ash and potassium carbonate (K2CO3), on the composition of essential phytochemical components in grapes. This research encompassed phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytoalexins. This study investigates the impact of pre-treatment methods, oak ash and K2CO3, on the phytochemical composition of grapes. Significant differences were observed in anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytoalexins, and phenolic acids between the treatments. Oak ash exhibited advantages in preserving specific compounds, including higher levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, resveratrol, pterostilbene, and viniferin, compared to K2CO3. Notably, the delphinidin-3-O-glycoside content was significantly higher in the oak ash treatment. An analysis of phenolic compounds revealed distinctions in hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, benzaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde. Additionally, gallic acid, vanillic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, and (-)-epicatechin were significantly more prevalent in the K2CO3 treatment, while ferulic acid and quercetin were more prevalent in the oak ash treatment. These findings underscore the pivotal role of pre-treatment methods in shaping the phytochemical content of grapes, thus holding critical implications for grape-derived products’ quality and potential health benefits.
A Review of the Main Process-Based Approaches for Modeling N2O Emissions from Agricultural Soils
Authors: Gabbrielli Mara , Allegrezza Marina , Ragaglini Giorgio , Manco Antonio , Vitale Luca , Perego Alessia
Published: January 2024

Modeling approaches have emerged to address uncertainties arising from N2O emissions variability, representing a powerful methodology to investigate the two emitting processes (i.e., nitrification and denitrification) and to represent the interconnected dynamics among soil, atmosphere, and crops. This work offers an extensive overview of the widely used models simulating N2O under different cropping systems and management practices. We selected process-based models, prioritizing those with well-documented algorithms found in recently published scientific articles or having published source codes. We reviewed and compared the algorithms employed to simulate N2O emissions, adopting a unified symbol system. The selected models (APSIM, ARMOSA, CERES-EGC, CROPSYST, CoupModel, DAYCENT, DNDC, DSSAT, EPIC, SPACSYS, and STICS) were categorized by the approaches used to model nitrification and denitrification processes, discriminating between implicit or explicit consideration of the microbial pool and according to the formalization of the main environmental drivers of these processes (soil nitrogen concentration, temperature, moisture, and acidity). Models’ setting and performance assessments were also discussed. From the appraisal of these approaches, it emerged that soil chemical–physical properties and weather conditions are the main drivers of N cycling and the consequent gaseous emissions.
Palliative Care in the Ageing European Population: A Cross-Country Comparison
Authors: Cerullo Giovanni , Figueiredo Teodora , Coelho Constantino , Campos Cláudia Silva , Videira-Silva António , Carrilho Joana , Midão Luís , Costa Elísio
Published: January 2024

With Europe’s ageing population and rising demand for palliative care, it is crucial to examine the use of palliative care among older adults during their last years of life and understand the factors influencing their access and end-of-life circumstances. This study employed a cohort of SHARE participants aged 65 years or older who had passed away between Wave 6 (2015) and Wave 7 (2017). Information on death circumstances, palliative care utilization, and associated variables were analysed. The study revealed that nearly 13.0% of individuals across these countries died under palliative care, with Slovenia having the lowest rate (0.3%) and France the highest (30.4%). Palliative care utilization in the last 30 days before death was observed in over 24.0% of participants, with the Czech Republic having the lowest rate (5.0%) and Greece the highest (48.8%). A higher risk of using or dying in palliative care was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (low verbal fluency), physical inactivity, and good to excellent self-perceived health. This work highlights the urgent need for enhanced global access to palliative care and advocates for the cross-country comparison of effective practices within Europe, tailored to the unique healthcare needs of older adults.
Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication
Authors: Aloi Noemi , Drago Gaspare , Ruggieri Silvia , Cibella Fabio , Colombo Paolo , Longo Valeria
Published: January 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication, playing pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, notably within the realm of immunity. These roles go beyond mere cellular interactions, as extracellular vesicles stand as versatile and dynamic components of immune regulation, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Their multifaceted involvement includes immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation, emphasising their significance in maintaining immune homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders. Extracellular vesicles participate in immunomodulation by delivering a wide array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing gene expression in target cells. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs modulate human immunity. Understanding the intricate interplay between extracellular vesicles and immunity is imperative for unveiling novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools applicable to various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recognising the potential of EVs as versatile drug delivery vehicles holds significant promise for the future of immunotherapies.
Temperature-Induced Sex Differentiation in River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): Mechanisms and Effects
Authors: Jiang Gang , Xue Yucai , Huang Xuxiong
Published: January 2024

Macrobrachium nipponense is gonochoristic and sexually dimorphic. The male prawn grows faster and usually has a larger size than the female. Therefore, a higher male proportion in stock usually results in higher yield. To investigate the impact of temperature on sexual differentiation in M. nipponense, two temperature treatments (26 °C and 31 °C) were conducted. The results showed that compared to the 31 °C treatment (3.20 ± 0.12), the 26 °C treatment displayed a lower female/male ratio (2.20 ± 0.11), which implied that a lower temperature could induce masculinization in M. nipponense. The temperature-sensitive sex differentiation phase was 25–35 days post hatching (DPH) at 26 °C while 15–20 DPH at 31 °C. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis revealed that a lower temperature up-regulated the expression of genes related to androgen secretion, and down-regulated the expressions of genes related to oogonia differentiation. Thirty-one temperature-regulated sex-differentiation genes were identified and the molecular mechanism of temperature-regulated sex differentiation was suggested. The finding of this study indicates that temperature regulation can be proposed as an innovative strategy for improving the culture yield of M. nipponense.
Exploring Immune Cell Diversity in the Lacrimal Glands of Healthy Mice: A Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Atlas
Authors: Fan Qiwei , Yan Ruyu , Li Yan , Lu Liyuan , Liu Jiangman , Li Senmao , Fu Ting , Xue Yunxia , Liu Jun , Li Zhijie
Published: January 2024

The lacrimal gland is responsible for maintaining the health of the ocular surface through the production of tears. However, our understanding of the immune system within the lacrimal gland is currently limited. Therefore, in this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to identify and analyze immune cells and molecules present in the lacrimal glands of normal mice. A total of 34,891 cells were obtained from the lacrimal glands of mice and classified into 18 distinct cell clusters using Seurat clustering. Within these cell populations, 26 different immune cell subpopulations were identified, including T cells, innate lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and B cells. Network analysis revealed complex cell-cell interactions between these immune cells, with particularly significant interactions observed among T cells, macrophages, plasma cells, and dendritic cells. Interestingly, T cells were found to be the main source of ligands for the Thy1 signaling pathway, while M2 macrophages were identified as the primary target of this pathway. Moreover, some of these immune cells were validated using immunohistological techniques. Collectively, these findings highlight the abundance and interactions of immune cells and provide valuable insights into the complexity of the lacrimal gland immune system and its relevance to associated diseases.
Traversing through the Mechanistic Event Analysis in IL-6 and IL-17 Signaling for a New Therapeutic Paradigm in NSCLC
Authors: Khilwani Riya , Singh Shailza
Published: January 2024

IL-6 and IL-17 are paradoxical cytokines that progress inflammatory states in chronic diseases, including cancer. In lung cancer, their role has been elucidated to favor cancer development by modulating signaling mechanisms critical to cellular growth. The intrinsic ability of these cytokines to influence macroautophagy is yet another reason to facilitate lung cancer. Here, we employed a systems immunology approach to discover the mechanistic role of these cytokines in cancer development. In a biological system, at later stages, the activation of NFkB stimulates immunosuppressive phenotypes to achieve tolerating effects in a transformed cell. We found that the upregulation of cytokines signaled M2 macrophages to modulate tumor responses through the activation of autophagic intermediates and inflammasome mediators. This caused immune perturbations in the tumor microenvironment, which were associated with cancer inflammation. To address these inflammatory states, we performed triggered event analysis to examine whether overexpressing immune effectors or downregulating immune suppressors may have an effect on cancer reversal. Interestingly, the inhibition of immune regulators opposed the model outcome to an increased immune response. Therefore, IL6-IL17-mediated regulation of lung cancer may address tumor malignancy and potentiate the development of newer therapeutics for NSCLC.
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-Hydroxylase (4HPA3H): A Vigorous Monooxygenase for Versatile O-Hydroxylation Applications in the Biosynthesis of Phenolic Derivatives
Authors: Sun Ping , Xu Shuping , Tian Yuan , Chen Pengcheng , Wu Dan , Zheng Pu
Published: January 2024

4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (4HPA3H) is a long-known class of two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenases from bacteria, including an oxygenase component (EC 1.14.14.9) and a reductase component (EC 1.5.1.36), with the latter being accountable for delivering the cofactor (reduced flavin) essential for o-hydroxylation. 4HPA3H has a broad substrate spectrum involved in key biological processes, including cellular catabolism, detoxification, and the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules. Additionally, it specifically hydroxylates the o-position of the C4 position of the benzene ring in phenolic compounds, generating high-value polyhydroxyphenols. As a non-P450 o-hydroxylase, 4HPA3H offers a viable alternative for the de novo synthesis of valuable natural products. The enzyme holds the potential to replace plant-derived P450s in the o-hydroxylation of plant polyphenols, addressing the current significant challenge in engineering specific microbial strains with P450s. This review summarizes the source distribution, structural properties, and mechanism of 4HPA3Hs and their application in the biosynthesis of natural products in recent years. The potential industrial applications and prospects of 4HPA3H biocatalysts are also presented.
Tubular Endogenous Erythropoietin Protects Renal Function against Ischemic Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yasuoka Yukiko , Izumi Yuichiro , Fukuyama Takashi , Oshima Tomomi , Yamazaki Taiga , Uematsu Takayuki , Kobayashi Noritada , Nanami Masayoshi , Shimada Yoshitaka , Nagaba Yasushi , Mukoyama Masashi , Sands Jeff M. , Takahashi Noriko , Kawahara Katsumasa , Nonoguchi Hiroshi
Published: January 2024

Many large-scale studies show that exogenous erythropoietin, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, lack any renoprotective effects. We investigated the effects of endogenous erythropoietin on renal function in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) using the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitor, Roxadustat (ROX). Four h of hypoxia (7% O2) and 4 h treatment by ROX prior to IRI did not improve renal function. In contrast, 24–72 h pretreatment by ROX significantly improved the decline of renal function caused by IRI. Hypoxia and 4 h ROX increased interstitial cells-derived Epo production by 75- and 6-fold, respectively, before IRI, and worked similarly to exogenous Epo. ROX treatment for 24–72 h increased Epo production during IRI by 9-fold. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 24 h ROX treatment induced Epo production in proximal and distal tubules and worked similarly to endogenous Epo. Our data show that tubular endogenous Epo production induced by 24–72 h ROX treatment results in renoprotection but peritubular exogenous Epo production by interstitial cells induced by hypoxia and 4 h ROX treatment did not. Stimulation of tubular, but not peritubular, Epo production may link to renoprotection.
Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Nutrition and Its Relationship to Epigenetics
Authors: Ferenc Katarzyna , Sokal-Dembowska Aneta , Helma Kacper , Motyka Elżbieta , Jarmakiewicz-Czaja Sara , Filip Rafał
Published: January 2024

The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestines, potentially influencing both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. Existing evidence suggests that nutrients can influence the modulation of the gut microbiota. However, there is still limited evidence regarding the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on the human gut microbiota through epigenetic modification. It is plausible that maintaining an adequate dietary intake of vitamin D, iron, fibre, zinc and magnesium may have a beneficial effect on alleviating inflammation in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the condition of the intestinal microbiota through various epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, epigenetics involves alterations in the phenotype of a cell without changing its fundamental DNA sequence. It appears that the modulation of the microbiota by various nutrients may lead to epigenetic regulation. The correlations between microbiota and epigenetics are potentially interdependent. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to identify the complex relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic regulation. These interactions could play a crucial role in systemic health.
Multi-Omic Blood Biomarkers as Dynamic Risk Predictors in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bhalala Oneil G. , Watson Rosie , Yassi Nawaf
Published: January 2024

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, accounting for a growing burden of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease before symptoms are established is clinically challenging, but would provide therapeutic windows for disease-modifying interventions. Blood biomarkers, including genetics, proteins and metabolites, are emerging as powerful predictors of Alzheimer’s disease at various timepoints within the disease course, including at the preclinical stage. In this review, we discuss recent advances in such blood biomarkers for determining disease risk. We highlight how leveraging polygenic risk scores, based on genome-wide association studies, can help stratify individuals along their risk profile. We summarize studies analyzing protein biomarkers, as well as report on recent proteomic- and metabolomic-based prediction models. Finally, we discuss how a combination of multi-omic blood biomarkers can potentially be used in memory clinics for diagnosis and to assess the dynamic risk an individual has for developing Alzheimer’s disease dementia.