bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid Electrolyte Interface Regulated by Solvent‐in‐Water Electrolyte Enables High‐Voltage and Stable Aqueous Mg‐MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Xu Yan , Liu Zaichun , Zheng Xinhua , Li Ke , Wang Mingming , Yu Wei , Hu Hanlin , Chen Wei
Published: March 2022

Mg batteries utilizing divalent Mg2+ as charge carriers have been attracting significant attention for energy storage owing to their uniqueness in terms of low cost, high safety, and high energy density. However, the short cycling life arising from the accumulation of a passivation layer on the Mg anode prohibits their further development. Here, a new strategy to suppress the accumulation of the passivation layer is presented, thus stabilizing the Mg anode by constructing a robust interfacial layer using organic solvent‐in‐water electrolytes. The organic solvents decompose on the Mg anode to form a MgO, polyether Mg enriched organic‐inorganic hybrid interfacial layer, preventing free water attack to the Mg anode. In addition, the organic solvent forms an H‐bond with H2O to suppress the water activity and therefore protecting the Mg anode. As an illustration to benefits of the solvent‐in‐water electrolytes, a Mg‐MnO2 battery that is coupled by a MnO2 cathode in Mn2+/MnO2 chemistry with the Mg anode is developed. The Mg‐MnO2 battery exhibits a well‐maintained discharge plateau at ≈2.5 V and a discharging capacity of ≈500 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles. This result highlights the feasibility to stabilize the Mg anode by interface engineering through the solvent‐in‐water electrolyte design.
Opportunities to support beginning farmers and ranchers in the 2023 Farm Bill
Authors: Jablonski Becca B. R. , Key Nigel , Hadrich Joleen , Bauman Allie , Campbell Sarah , Thilmany Dawn , Sullins Martha
Published: March 2022

Beginning farmers and ranchers represent an important segment of U.S. agriculture, yet they face financial challenges relative to more established operations. This article provides an overview of emerging research on the financial performance of beginning farm and ranch operations, with a lens toward implications for the 2023 Farm Bill. First, we use U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to explore descriptive statistics relative to beginning farm and ranch usage of: local food markets, Federal crop insurance, and financing mechanisms. Subsequently, we leverage a farm‐level panel dataset from the USDA Census of Agriculture and regression analysis to examine the relationship between key financial metrics and beginning farmer success. Results show: (a) beginning farm performance over time is associated with both increases in scale and productivity, as well as participation in agricultural programs, (b) access to credit is important, and that being credit constrained lowers the probability of survival, growth, and success for beginning operations, and (c) beginning operations are significantly less likely to use Federal crop insurance compared to established operations across all scales.
Advanced Electronics and Artificial Intelligence: Must‐Have Technologies Toward Human Body Digital Twins
Authors: Dai Yanning , Wang Jiaqi , Gao Shuo
Published: March 2022

The development of precise virtual entities of human bodies has been pursued for many years, but to date, there have been few positive reports. In recent years, the success of digital twin (DT) technology in industrial applications has led to greater interest in establishing human‐body DT models. In particular, many recent advances in materials science, electrical engineering, and computer engineering have exhibited the intrinsic power of DT models in the detection and processing of complex body signals, indicating that the goals of establishing human‐body DTs are getting “within reach.” Herein, current DT technologies in industry are discussed and advanced electronics and artificial intelligent algorithms are reviewed, which are must‐have building blocks for human DTs. Finally, perspectives on the use of human‐body DTs in improving the quality of life and introduction of never‐have immersive virtual reality experiences are discussed.
Feasibility of using P16 methylation as a cytologic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening: A pilot study
Authors: Fan Zhiyuan , Qin Yu , Zhou Jing , Chen Ru , Gu Jianhua , Li Minjuan , Zhou Jiachen , Li Xinqing , Lin Dongmei , Wang Jinwu , Deng Dajun , Wei Wenqiang
Published: March 2022

Background

Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell dysplasia (ESCdys) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) could significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of ESCC. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether P16/CDKN2A methylation could serve as a cytologic biomarker for early detection of ESCdys and ESCC.

Methods

Paired esophageal biopsy and cytology specimens (exfoliated cells) were obtained from subjects at different stages of ESCC development. The methylation status of P16 gene in these two specimen types was determined using a 115‐bp MethyLight assay. Categorical data were compared by the Chi‐square test. Logistic regression was performed to assess adjusted odds ratios of P16 methylation associated with ESCC and ESCdys. Prediction models for identifying individuals at risk of ESCC and high‐grade ESCdys (high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia, HGIN) were developed by multivariable logistic regression. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Internal validation of the prediction models was performed using the 1000‐bootstrap resample.

Results

A total of 105 subjects with diagnoses ranging from normal mucosa through ESCC were included in this study. An increase in P16 methylation frequency was observed with increasing severity of esophageal lesions (p for trend <0.001). In the adjusted logistic regression models, P16 methylation in cytology specimens was positively associated with ESCC and ESCdys risk, whereas P16 methylation in biopsy specimens was only associated with a higher risk of developing ESCC. The predictive capacity of base model I (AUC, 0.816) for ESCC and HGIN was significantly increased by adding P16 methylation in cytology specimens (model III; AUC, 0.882; p = 0.043), but not P16 methylation in biopsy specimens (model II; AUC, 0.850; p = 0.225). Bootstrap validation showed optimism‐corrected AUC of 0.789 for model I, 0.822 for model II, and 0.854 for model III.

Conclusion

P16 methylation as a cytologic marker was associated with the ESCC development and has the potential for application in minimally invasive ESCC screening.
Individualized circulating tumor DNA monitoring in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kogo Ryunosuke , Manako Tomomi , Iwaya Takeshi , Nishizuka Satoshi , Hiraki Hayato , Sasaki Yasushi , Idogawa Masashi , Tokino Takashi , Koide Ayaka , Komune Noritaka , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Nakagawa Takashi
Published: March 2022

There is no useful biomarker to evaluate treatment response and early relapse in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for detecting minimal residual diseases and monitoring treatment effect. We investigated whether individualized ctDNA analysis could help monitor treatment response and relapse in HNSCC. Mutation analysis of tumor and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNAs of 26 patients with HNSCC was performed using a custom squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) panel. The identified individualized mutated genes were defined as ctDNA candidates. We investigated whether frequent ctDNA monitoring via digital PCR (dPCR) is clinically valid for HNSCC patients. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene and was detected in 14 of 24 cases (58.2%), wherein two cases were excluded owing to the absence of tumor‐specific mutations in the SCC panel. Six cases were excluded because of undesignable and unusable primer‐probes for dPCR. Longitudinal ctDNA was monitored in a total of 18 cases. In seven cases, ctDNA tested positive again or did not test negative, and all seven cases relapsed after initial curative treatment. In 11 cases, after initial curative treatment, ctDNA remained negative and patients were alive without recurrence. Patients who remained negative for ctDNA during follow‐up after initial curative treatment (n = 11) had a significantly better prognosis than those who reverted to ctDNA positivity (n = 7; p < 0.0001; log‐rank test). Individualized ctDNA monitoring using SCC panel and dPCR might be a novel and promising biomarker for HNSCC.
NEETs civic and political participation in outermost islands: The mediating roles of sense of community and agency
Authors: Simões Francisco , Fernandes‐Jesus Maria , Marta Elena
Published: March 2022

Our aim is to test the associations between collectivism, social support, sense of community, as well as agency with civic and political participation levels of NEETs living in The Azores, a group of islands forming a small and outermost archipelago. We surveyed 332 participants (M = 26.78; 69.30% women). We found that all factors, except for social support, were associated with higher participation levels among NEETs. We also found that stronger sense of community and agency mediated the connection between stronger collectivism and higher levels of participation. Therefore, we conclude that setting emotional bonds with the community and being involved in local traditions and causes are necessary conditions to translate dominant local values into NEETs civic and political participation in outermost islands. We further discuss how these results can be translated into more effective, person‐centred policies to support NEETs inclusion.
A novel “proximal first” Inoue balloon catheter for retrograde aortic valvuloplasty: Initial case report
Authors: Onishi Takayuki , Fukutomi Motoki , Ando Tomo , Tobaru Tetsuya
Published: March 2022

The Inoue balloon, invented for percutaneous transseptal mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis, is initially dilated in the distal portion and then the proximal portion, forming an hourglass shape that stabilizes the balloon at the mitral valve orifice with a pulling action. The device has been successfully applied to antegrade aortic valvuloplasty; the hourglass shape stabilizes the balloon across the aortic valve without rapid ventricular pacing. Subsequently, an Inoue balloon was developed for retrograde aortic valvuloplasty using the same design as the antegrade balloon. The hourglass‐shaped balloon, however, has difficulty maintaining stability across the aortic valve because the distal portion of the balloon, which inflates first, directly receives systolic pressure from the left ventricle. A novel Inoue balloon was invented to overcome this issue by altering the manner of inflation: the proximal portion inflates first, followed by the distal portion. Theoretically, the proximal portion, which initially inflates just above the aortic valve, remains secure across the valve by applying a pressing force that counteracts the systolic forward pressure. Furthermore, a radiopaque marker is placed at the center of the balloon to enable rapid and precise balloon adjustment. We present a case involving a 65‐year‐old female hemodialysis patient with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who we successfully treated with balloon aortic valvuloplasty using the novel Inoue balloon followed by transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The present case demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel “proximal first” Inoue balloon for retrograde balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe aortic stenosis.
Biomass‐Derived Carbon Quantum Dots‐Induced Self‐Assembly of 3D Networks of Nickel‐Cobalt Double Hydroxide Nanorods as High‐Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhuang Jiayuan , Li Gang , Wang Minghe , Li Guifang , Li Yawen , Jia Lishan
Published: March 2022

The nickel‐cobalt double hydroxide hybrid materials induced by biomass‐derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have a three‐dimensional network structure of cross‐linked nanorods. The results demonstrate that the functional groups on the CQDs derived from pomelo peel promoted the nucleation and confined the growth of nickel‐cobalt double hydroxide. The as‐synthesized NiCo‐LDH‐CQDs‐20 exhibits the high specific capacitance of 1814 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. When the current density is increased to 15 A g−1, the specific capacitance value remains 75.5 % of the initial one, which indicates that NiCo‐LDH‐CQDs‐20 has an extremely high‐rate performance. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor NiCo‐LDH‐CQDs‐20//AC provides a high energy density of 46.47 Wh kg−1 in 2 M KOH solution with a power density of 800 W kg−1 and maintains an initial specific capacitance of 82.7 % after 2000 cycles. Therefore, this study provides a promising approach for the development of anode active materials in supercapacitor energy storage devices.
Association between heart rate and cardiovascular death in patients with coronary heart disease: A NHANES‐based cohort study
Authors: Ma Ruicong , Gao Jianbo , Mao Shiyuan , Wang Zhirong
Published: March 2022

Background

Due to the lack of research, this study aimed to assess the association between the specific range of heart rate and cardiovascular (CV) death in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

Hypothesis

Heart rate of 70–79 bpm may be associated with reduced risk of CV death in CHD patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study collected the data of CHD patients from the eight cycles of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The included patients were divided into four groups: <60, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 bpm. The start of follow‐up date was the mobile examination center date, the last follow‐up date was December 31, 2015. The average follow‐up time was 81.70 months, and the longest follow‐up time was 200 months. Competing risk models were developed to evaluate the association between heart rate and CV death, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.

Results

A total of 1648 patients with CHD were included in this study. CHD patients at heart rate of <60 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.34–1.36), 60–69 (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.06) or ≥80 (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.38–1.41) bpm had a higher risk of CV death than those at heart rate of 70–79 bpm.

Conclusions

Heart rate of <70 or ≥80 bpm was associated with an elevated risk of CV death among CHD patients. Continuous monitoring of heart rate may help to screen for health risks and offer early interventions to corresponding patients.
Turgor loss point predicts survival responses to experimental and natural drought in tropical tree seedlings
Authors: Álvarez‐Cansino Leonor , Comita Liza S. , Jones F. Andrew , Manzané‐Pinzón Eric , Browne Luke , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J.
Published: March 2022

Identifying key traits that can serve as proxies for species drought resistance is crucial for predicting and mitigating the effects of climate change in diverse plant communities. Turgor loss point (πtlp) is a recently emerged trait that has been linked to species distributions across gradients of water availability. However, a direct relationship between πtlp and species ability to survive drought has yet to be established for woody species. Using a manipulative field experiment to quantify species drought resistance (i.e., their survival response to drought), combined with measurements of πtlp for 16 tree species, we show a negative relationship between πtlp and seedling drought resistance. Using long‐term forest plot data, we also show that πtlp predicts seedling survival responses to a severe El Niño‐related drought, although additional factors are clearly also important. Our study demonstrates that species with lower πtlp exhibit higher survival under both experimental and natural drought. These results provide a missing cornerstone in the assessment of the traits underlying drought resistance in woody species and strengthen πtlp as a proxy for evaluating which species will lose or win under projections of exacerbating drought regimes.
A Tetracyanobutadiene Spirobifluorene: Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution and Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Ozcelik Ani , Pereira‐Cameselle Raquel , Peña‐Gallego Ángeles , Alonso‐Gómez J. Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

Push‐pull organic compounds with π‐conjugated backbones are attracting considerable interest in terms of their highly efficient (NLO) non‐linear optical effects. In this respect, cyano groups constitute one of the strongest electron acceptors suitable for NLO materials. We herein report the first 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) spirobifluorene (SBF) through a double [2+2] cycloaddition‐retroelectrocyclization. Enantiomeric resolution by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase (CSP) and theoretical calculations unveiled not only the nature of the potential energy surface, but also the absolute configuration of each enantiomer. Since both the presence of strong donor and acceptor, as well as the intrinsic non‐centrosymmetric character of chiral compounds are a prerequisite for the development of NLO properties, the first hyperpolarizability of the developed system was theoretically calculated. The results suggested a strong dependence on the conformation and an intensity enhancement for certain conformers of 1 as compared to its allenic TCBD analogue. Therefore, the present study opens a new class of SBF compounds suitable for NLO applications.
Bimetallic FeCo−N−C Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhou Meng , Zhu Zhijun , Ju Yuan , Zhai Yanling , Jiao Lei , Liu Minmin , Yang Wenxiu , Tang Jianguo
Published: March 2022

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is being deeply studied because of its significance in energy storage and conversion. It is an urgent and challenging task to explore low‐cost ORR catalysts with excellent activity and outstanding long‐term stability. Herein, we report an efficient bimetallic FeCo catalyst based on nitrogen‐doped carbon (FeCo−NC) for ORR by pyrolysis of FeCo‐1,10‐phenanthroline complexes (FeCo‐phen) supported on ZIF‐8. The as‐synthesized FeCo−NC catalyst shows excellent ORR activity, improved durability and excellent methanol cross poisoning resistance, which are ascribed to the formation of metal‐N−C active sites, the synergistic effect between Fe and Co, as well as the porous structure.
Decoding microbial genomes to understand their functional roles in human complex diseases
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Dong Quanbin , Hu Shixian , Zou Huayiyang , Wu Tingting , Shi Jing , Zhang Haifeng , Sheng Yanhui , Sun Wei , Kong Xiangqing , Chen Lianmin
Published: March 2022

Complex diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), kidney disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer have become a major burden to public health and affect more than 20% of the population worldwide. The etiology of complex diseases is not yet clear, but they are traditionally thought to be caused by genetics and environmental factors (e.g., dietary habits), and by their interactions. Besides this, increasing pieces of evidence now highlight that the intestinal microbiota may contribute substantially to the health and disease of the human host via their metabolic molecules. Therefore, decoding the microbial genomes has been an important strategy to shed light on their functional potential. In this review, we summarize the roles of the gut microbiome in complex diseases from its functional perspective. We further introduce artificial tools in decoding microbial genomes to profile their functionalities. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art techniques have been highlighted which may contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiome in human complex diseases and promote the development of the gut microbiome‐based personalized medicine.
In vitro and in vivo methods to study bacterial colonization of hydrogel dermal fillers
Authors: Wang Yi , Borthwell Rachel M. , Hori Kellyn , Clarkson Samuel , Blumstein Gideon , Park Howard , Hart Christopher M. , Hamad Christopher D. , Francis Kevin P. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Phillips K. Scott
Published: March 2022

Preclinical in vitro and in vivo methods to study bacterial interactions with dermal fillers and infection pathogenesis are lacking. In this work, first in vitro methods to assess protein biofouling and effective pore size of commercial dermal fillers, including degradable hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based fillers and other semi‐degradable or permanent fillers (non‐HA), were developed. The results were then related to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) adhesion rates in vitro. HA fillers had less protein sorption than non‐HA fillers and overall had smaller effective pore sizes. The properties correlated with levels of bacterial adhesion, where the control glass surface had the most rapid increase in bacterial cell adhesion, with a slope of 0.29 cm−2 min−1, three unique non‐HA fillers had intermediate adhesion with slopes of 0.11 and 0.06 cm−2 min−1, and three unique HA fillers had the least adhesion with slopes of 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01 cm−2 min−1. S. aureus had greater motility on the HA fillers than on non‐HA fillers. Next, a mouse model for dermal filler biofilm and infection was developed. Mice were inoculated with a controlled amount of bioluminescent bacteria (Xen36 S. aureus) and polyacrylamide hydrogels of different stiffness were injected. In vivo bioluminescence was monitored longitudinally for 35 days to ensure that lasting colonization was established. The inoculum was optimized to achieve adequate bioluminescent signal, and bacterial bioburden over time and inter‐animal variability in bioburden were determined. These in vitro and in vivo approaches can be used for future studies of antimicrobial interventions for dermal fillers.
Group schema therapy for patients with severe anxiety disorders
Authors: Straarup Nanna S. , Renneberg Henriette B. , Farrell Joan , Younan Rita
Published: March 2022

This article presents an adaptation of group schema therapy (GST) developed for patients with severe anxiety. An anonymized case presentation exemplifies the adaptation. GST was originally developed to treat clients with maladaptive personality traits but has been applied to a variety of disorders in recent years. For patients with severe anxiety, who have not responded to other treatments, GST may be a promising approach. The paper presents the GST model, the evidence supporting it, and its adaptation for the treatment of anxiety. The case presentation illustrates the therapeutic process and GST interventions. Finally, the clinical outcome and the implications for implementing GST are discussed.
Prenatal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and early childhood socioemotional development
Authors: Fish‐Williamson Adi , Hahn‐Holbrook Jennifer , Hobbs Mark , Wallander Jan , Morton Susan M. B.
Published: March 2022

Background

Antibiotic exposure in pregnancy is associated with reduced microbiome diversity in the infant gut. Given that recent research has shown that early microbiome health can impact child socioemotional development, we examined the relationship between prenatal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and childhood socioemotional developmental outcomes using a large, nationally representative longitudinal dataset.

Methods

A sample of 4800 diverse families were assessed from the population cohort of the Growing Up in New Zealand Study (GUiNZ), which prospectively follows children starting in the last trimester of pregnancy into early childhood. Socioemotional development was measured using a composite score derived from seven commonly used socioemotional tasks administered between 9 months and 4.5 years of child age, addressing emotional expression understanding, regulation of emotions and behavior, and social problem solving and relationship skills. A national comprehensive pharmaceutical database was used to determine children's prenatal antibiotic exposure. Multivariate linear regressions models were used to examine the effects of the timing (trimester) and dosage (number of courses) of prenatal antibiotic exposure on socioemotional development, with and without statistically adjusting for confounding factors addressing maternal health, socioeconomic status, maternal age, and child sex.

Results

In unadjusted analyses, antibiotic exposure was inversely associated with child socioemotional development. However, after statistically adjusting for important confounds, socioemotional development was not associated with prenatal antibiotic exposure at any dosage or trimester of pregnancy (all β ≤ −0.02).

Conclusion

Prenatal antibiotic exposure does not appear to impact early childhood socioemotional development. Maternal health and sociodemographic factors are confounded with antibiotic exposure and socioemotional development, a fact that should be considered in future research examining the effects of prenatal antibiotic exposure on child health. These findings may be reassuring to families who are concerned about the long‐term effects of antibiotics in pregnancy on child health outcomes.
Stable isotope differences of polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea
Authors: Smith Malia E. K. , Horstmann Lara , Stimmelmayr Raphaela
Published: March 2022

The life‐history, genetic, and habitat use differences between the 2 polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulations in Alaska, USA, have been used to determine the geographic border separating them, but it has sparked a debate of the correct placement of the border for several years. Recently, the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) polar bear subpopulation has declined because of sea ice loss, while the Chukchi Sea (CS) subpopulation appears stable. To provide additional information about potential differences between the SBS and CS subpopulations, such as differences in prey sources, we used stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen from bone collagen of polar bears in these 2 neighboring subpopulations. We analyzed polar bear bones from 112 individuals collected from 1954–2019. Our purpose was to determine if the SBS and CS subpopulations could be distinguished based on the stable isotope signatures of bone collagen. A difference >1‰ in stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values suggests a change in carbon sources, such as nearshore to offshore, while a 3‰ change in stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values equates to a change of about 1 trophic level. Our study indicated a difference in δ13C values (P ≤ 0.001) but not δ15N values (P = 0.654) between the CS (−13.0 ± 0.3‰ and 22.0 ± 0.9‰, respectively) and SBS bears (−14.7 ± 1.3‰ and 22.2 ± 1.0‰, respectively). Our findings indicate that the 2 subpopulations are consuming similar high trophic level prey, while feeding in ecosystems with different δ13C baselines. We performed a logistic regression analysis using δ13C and δ15N values of the polar bears to predict their placement into these 2 subpopulations. Using Icy Cape, Alaska as the geographical boundary, the analysis correctly placed polar bears in their respective subpopulations 82% of the time. Overall accuracy of placement changed to 84% when using the current geographical boundary at Utqiaġvik, Alaska. We predicted samples collected from the Wainwright, Alaska region as 58% CS and 42% SBS polar bears. This suggests that the area between Wainwright and Icy Cape is a polar bear mixing zone that includes bears from both subpopulations. Bone collagen has a long‐term, potentially life‐long, stable isotope turnover rate, and our results could be used to determine the association of harvested polar bears to Alaska subpopulations, thus aiding in transboundary harvest quota management.
Management of clinically node‐negative glottic squamous cell carcinoma patients according to risk‐scoring model for occult lymph node metastases
Authors: Heng Yu , Xu Chengzhi , Lin Hanqing , Zhu Xiaoke , Zhou Liang , Zhang Ming , Wu Chunping , Tao Lei
Published: March 2022

Background

Glottic squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is the most prevalent type of laryngeal carcinoma. The value of prophylactic lymph node dissection (LND) in resected GSCC remains controversial. This study aims to quantitatively assess the probability of occult lymph node metastasis (LNM) for GSCC patients and devise individualized postoperative radiotherapy strategies.

Methods

A total of 1319 patients with GSCC were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

GSCC patients with T1‐T2 stages showed significantly lower LNM rate than those with T3‐T4 stages. For patients with T3‐T4 GSCC, multivariate logistic analyses indicated that three factors—maximum tumor diameter (MTD) of more than 2.0 cm, relatively low differentiation, and tumor invasive depth of no less than 1.0 cm—were independent risk factors for the existence of LNM. A predictive nomogram was established based on these factors. The accuracy and validity of our model were verified by 0.716 and remained at 0.717 after 1000 bootstrapping. The calibration curve was also plotted and showed a favorable agreement. The patients were stratified into two groups based on their individual LNM risk points. Possible LNM rates for low‐risk and high‐risk subgroups were 4.7% and 25.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

A new post‐operative strategy selection flow chart was established based on our newly created nomogram which can effectively predict the individualized possibility of occult LNM for GSCC patients. For clinical T3‐4N0 patients in the high‐risk subgroup, prophylactic dose post‐operative radiation therapy is recommended. However, for all those clinically diagnosed as T1‐2N0 stage, regular follow‐up is sufficient in view of the low occult LNM rate.

Level of Evidence: 2a
Saved by the past? Disease threat triggers nostalgic consumption
Authors: Barauskaitė Dovilė , Gineikienė Justina , Fennis Bob M.
Published: March 2022

Recent research views nostalgia as a valuable resource that can be accessed in times of distress and discomfort. The present work complements this literature by examining novel and previously uncovered triggers and downstream consequences of nostalgia in the consumer domain: disease‐threat and protective behavior. The current paper argues that nostalgia functions as such a psychological resource with buffering qualities and is used as a coping mechanism to maintain comfort when experiencing disease threat—the perception of a potential threat posed by an infectious disease. Using an archival data set and five experiments, the authors demonstrate that when facing a disease threat, but not an actual occurrence of disease, consumers experience a higher need for nostalgia and show an increased preference for nostalgic products. That is, internet searches for nostalgic products rise during flu season as well as COVID‐19 pandemic (Study 1), disease threat induces increased levels of experienced nostalgia (Study 2), which translate into increased preferences for nostalgic products (Study 3 and Study 5), mediated by disgust (Study 4). Finally, the authors show the resource value of product‐induced nostalgia, demonstrating the ironic effect that it can compensate for disease‐protective behavior (Study 6). The results provide important practical implications for marketers and policy‐makers who could focus on promoting nostalgic products or incorporating nostalgic cues in product design and communication that would generate positive consumer evaluations when the threat of illness or disease is salient.
The late Archaean to early Proterozoic origin and evolution of anaerobic methane‐oxidizing archaea
Authors: Wang Yinzhao , Xie Ruize , Hou Jialin , Lv Zhenbo , Li Liuyang , Hu Yaoxun , Huang Hungchia , Wang Fengping
Published: March 2022

Impact statement

Microorganisms, called anaerobic methane‐oxidizing archaea (ANME), can reduce a large amount of greenhouse gas methane and therefore have the potential to cool the Earth. We collected nearly all ANMEs genomes in public databases and performed a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis and molecular dating. Our results show that ANMEs originated in the late Archaean to early Proterozoic eon. During this period of time, our planet Earth was experiencing the Great Oxygenation Event and Huronian Glaciation, a dramatic drop in the Earth's surface temperature. This suggests that the emergence of ANMEs may contribute to the reduction of methane at that time, which is an unappreciated potential cause that led to the Huronian Glaciation.
Nerve ultrasound characteristics of immunoglobulin M neuropathy associated with anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibodies
Authors: Oka Yuwa , Tsukita Kazuto , Tsuzaki Koji , Takamatsu Naoko , Uchibori Ayumi , Chiba Atsuro , Hamano Toshiaki
Published: March 2022

Introduction/Aims

Immunoglobulin M neuropathy associated with anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibody (IgM/anti‐MAG) neuropathy typically presents with chronic, distal‐dominant symmetrical sensory or sensorimotor deficits. Ultrasonographic studies of IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy are limited, and were all performed on Western populations. We aimed to characterize the nerve ultrasonographic features of IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy in the Japanese population and evaluate whether they differ from the findings of the common subtypes of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we retrospectively reviewed medical records and extracted the cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of C5–C7 cervical nerve roots and median and ulnar nerves of 6 IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy patients, 10 typical CIDP (t‐CIDP) patients, 5 multifocal CIDP (m‐CIDP) patients, and 17 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

Cervical nerve root CSAs were significantly larger at every examined site on both sides in IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy than in m‐CIDP and HCs but were comparable to those in t‐CIDP. Peripheral nerve enlargements were greatest at common entrapment sites (ie, wrist and elbow) in IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy, a pattern shared with t‐CIDP but not with m‐CIDP. The degree of nerve enlargement at entrapment sites compared to non‐entrapment sites was significantly higher in IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy than in t‐CIDP.

Discussion

Our study delineated the ultrasonographic features of IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy in the Japanese population and observed similar characteristics to those of t‐CIDP, with subtle differences. Further studies comparing results from various populations are required to optimize the use of nerve ultrasound worldwide.
Association of a continuous continence self‐management program with independence in voiding behavior among stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shogenji Miho , Yoshida Mikako , Sumiya Koyomi , Shimada Tsutomu , Ikenaga Yasunori , Ogawa Yoru , Hirako Kohei , Sai Yoshimichi
Published: March 2022

Aims

Many stroke patients cannot urinate independently due to motor and cognitive dysfunctions. This study examined whether a continuous continence self‐management program during acute and convalescent phases is associated with independence in voiding behavior.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among stroke patients registered in the Council of Kaga Local Stroke Network, Japan, from 2015 to 2019. In the intervention group (n = 941), a multidisciplinary continence care team and ward nurses provided continence care in the acute phase and shared the information with the staff in the convalescent ward. The control group (n = 579) received traditional voiding care from ward nurses. The primary and secondary outcomes were independence in voiding behavior at discharge from the convalescent ward and length of hospital stay, respectively.

Results

At discharge from the convalescent wards, the proportion of patients who voided at the toilet or bedside commode was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (76.3% vs. 62.4%, p < 0.001). The continuous continence self‐management program was associated with independence in voiding behavior (adjusted odds ratio: 1.801, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.102, 2.942]; p = 0.019) and length of hospital stay (β: −0.178, 95% CI: [−14.320, −7.607]; p < 0.001) after adjusting for other variables.

Conclusions

The program was associated with increasing independent voiding behavior and shortened the length of hospital stay, suggesting the importance of promoting treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms and rehabilitation by a multidisciplinary continence care team for stroke patients.
Experimental and numerical investigation on flexural performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with uniform and non‐uniform waviness
Authors: Kulkarni Pritam , Mali Kiran D. , Singh Sandeep
Published: March 2022

The failure of unidirectional and quasi‐isotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminate with uniform and non‐uniform out‐of‐plane waviness defects were examined. Experimental tests and numerical simulations were performed for specimens with and without defects. Specimens with different types of waviness such as uniform embedded, non‐uniform hump and non‐uniform indentation were fabricated for testing their performance under three‐point flexural tests. Optical microscopic images were captured throughout the test to investigate the initiation and progression of failure in laminates. Three‐dimensional finite element (FE) models were built by considering actual specimen and defect geometric configurations obtained from optical microscopy. User material subroutine (UMAT) was developed and implemented in Abaqus/Standard to simulate intra‐ply failures as a continuum damage mechanism. The generated models are used to recognize damage initiation and progression during the flexural test. The experimental observations and FE simulation results are in good agreement for failure loads and damage mechanisms for different waviness cases.
Mechanical and water absorption behavior of thermoset matrices reinforced with natural fiber
Authors: Haddar Manel , Ben Slim Youssef , Koubaa Sana
Published: March 2022

In this work, we investigate the effect of thePosidonia Oceanicafiber (POF) rate and matrix type on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the produced composites by compression molding process. The obtained results show that the stiffness, strength and hardness of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)/POF composite increase with POF reinforcement rates. Further, the choice of matrix plays in important role on the flexural properties of the composites. At equal percentage of POF (20 wt%), UPR/20POF composite shows the best flexural modulus compared to Epoxy/20POF composite. By contrast, the maximum deflection of UPR/20POF is approximately three times less important than the Epoxy/20POF composite. In addition, in the case of UPR/POF composite, water absorption tests revealed that the percentage of water content was found to increase with POF content. It was observed that the water absorption pattern of the all formulation of the composites was found to approach the Fickian diffusion behavior. It was also proven that the moisture resistance of UPR/20POF composite is greater than Epoxy/20POF composite. Compared to literature, composite reinforced with higher load of POF (UPR/30POF) exhibits higher dimensional stability, which explains their importance when it will be used for application in humid environment.
Fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital syphilis: A literature review
Authors: David Marion , Hcini Najeh , Mandelbrot Laurent , Sibiude Jeanne , Picone Olivier
Published: March 2022

Objective

The recent recrudescence of syphilis among women of childbearing age is associated with an increasing number of cases of congenital syphilis. We aimed to summarize the fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital syphilis infection, particularly signs amenable to prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

Eligible studies were retrieved from the PubMed collection database. Articles focusing on postnatal and antenatal abnormalities covered the periods from 1969 to 2019 and 1975–2019, respectively. This review included cohort studies, case series and case reports reporting findings regarding congenital syphilis infections described before and/or after birth. Articles were reviewed by three experts in prenatal diagnosis, and all findings were classified as amenable or not amenable to prenatal diagnosis.

Results

A total of 432 cases of congenital syphilis infection were reported. Abnormalities were described antenatally in 161 cases, postnatally in 319 cases, and in both the antenatal and postnatal periods in 57 cases. The most frequently reported signs amenable to prenatal diagnosis were abdominal abnormalities (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and bowel abnormalities), fetal growth restriction, and elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in the context of ascites or atypical hydrops. Brain abnormalities were rare and never isolated. In the neonatal period, the most common abnormalities were hepatosplenomegaly, bone damage and skin lesions.

Conclusion

We found that no individual sonographic sign or pattern of signs is pathognomonic for fetal syphilis. In fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities suggestive of congenital infection, syphilis must be considered as part of the work‐up.
The synergetic and multifaceted nature of carbon–carbon rotation reveals the origin of conformational barrier heights with bulky alkane groups
Authors: Wan Xinjie , He Xin , Li Meng , Wang Bin , Rong Chunying , Liu Shubin
Published: March 2022

Designing compounds with as long carbon–carbon bond distances as possible to challenge conventional chemical wisdom is of current interest in the literature. These compounds with exceedingly long bond lengths are commonly believed to be stabilized by dispersion interactions. In this work, we build nine dimeric models with varying sizes of alkyl groups, let the carbon–carbon bond flexibly rotate, and then analyze rotation barriers with energy decomposition and information‐theoretic approaches in density functional theory. Our results show that these rotations lead to extraordinarily elongated carbon–carbon bond distances and rotation barriers are synergetic and multifaceted in nature. The dominant factor contributing to the relative stability of the dimers with bulky alkane groups is not the dispersion force but the electrostatic interaction with steric and exchange‐correlation effects playing minor yet indispensable roles.
Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells upregulate ACE2 expression in response to iron‐regulatory elements: Potential implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Toe Quezia K. , Issitt Theo , Mahomed Abdul , Almaghlougth Fatma , Bahree Ishan , Sturge Charles , Hu Xueqi , Panselinas Ioannis , Burke‐Gaffney Anne , Wort Stephen, Jc , Quinlan Gregory John
Published: March 2022

Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is reported in severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease, however, controversy exists regarding levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, a coreceptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, in these cells. We report ACE2 expression and positive regulation by both interleuki‐6, hepcidin, and ferroportin knock‐down in pulmonary artery endothelial cells with potential implications for viral infection.
Evaluation of acquisition modes for semi‐quantitative analysis by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry
Authors: Britt Hannah M. , Cragnolini Tristan , Khatun Suniya , Hatimy Abubakar , James Juliette , Page Nathanael , Williams Jonathan P. , Hughes Christopher , Denny Richard , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Vissers Johannes P. C.
Published: March 2022

Rationale

Analyte quantitation by mass spectrometry underpins a diverse range of scientific endeavors. The fast‐growing field of mass spectrometer development has resulted in several targeted and untargeted acquisition modes suitable for these applications. By characterizing the acquisition methods available on an ion mobility (IM)‐enabled orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight (oa‐ToF) instrument, the optimum modes for analyte semi‐quantitation can be deduced.

Methods

Serial dilutions of commercial metabolite, peptide, or cross‐linked peptide analytes were prepared in matrices of human urine or Escherichia coli digest. Each analyte dilution was introduced into an IM separation‐enabled oa‐ToF mass spectrometer by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization. Data were acquired for each sample in duplicate using nine different acquisition modes, including four IM‐enabled acquisitions modes, available on the mass spectrometer.

Results

Five (metabolite) or seven (peptide/cross‐linked peptide) point calibration curves were prepared for analytes across each of the acquisition modes. A nonlinear response was observed at high concentrations for some modes, attributed to saturation effects. Two correction methods, one MS1 isotope‐correction and one MS2 ion intensity‐correction, were applied to address this observation, resulting in an up to twofold increase in dynamic range. By averaging the semi‐quantitative results across analyte classes, two parameters, linear dynamic range (LDR) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), were determined to evaluate each mode.

Conclusion

A comparison of the acquisition modes revealed that data‐independent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring methods are most robust for semi‐quantitation when considering achievable LDR and LLOQ. IM‐enabled modes exhibited sensitivity increases, but a simultaneous reduction in dynamic range required correction methods to recover. These findings will assist users in identifying the optimum acquisition mode for their analyte quantitation needs, supporting a diverse range of applications and providing guidance for future acquisition mode developments.
Preparation and Thermal Performance Analysis of New Composite Phase Change Materials of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate and Different Additives.
Authors: Luo Kai , Ye Weiliang , Zeng Zui , Wu Dengke , Liu Jingtao
Published: March 2022

A thickener that could address the phase separation problems of sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) was determined by the gravity sedimentation method. Additionally, a hydrated salt nucleating agent to effectively reduce the supercooling of SAT was sought using the step‐cooling method. Combining these findings, a new SAT composite phase change material (SAT CPCM) was prepared. Additionally, a sample containing expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by melt blending to enhance the thermal conductivity. Our results show that a sample prepared with 1.5 % xanthan gum and 2 % sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate as a hydrated salt nucleating agent basically eliminates supercooling, its thermostability better than that of the composite phase change material using disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate. A sample with 6 % EG stays molten without leakage at a higher temperature and in the cooling test, the material‘s supercooling degree was only 1.1 °C. After 200 cooling‐heating cycles, the thermal stability was good, with high latent heats of 230.52 kJ/kg and thermal conductivities of 1.789 W(m ⋅ K) −1. This composite phase change material has great application potential in the field of low‐temperature heat storage.
Recent development of nanomaterials for carbon dioxide electroreduction
Authors: Su Jianjun , Liu Yong , Song Yun , Huang Libei , Guo Weihua , Cao Xiaohu , Dou Yubing , Cheng Le , Li Geng , Hu Qiushi , Ye Ruquan
Published: March 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce value‐added products has received tremendous research attention in recent years. With research efforts across the globe, remarkable advancement has been achieved, including the improvement of selectivity for the reduction products, the realization of efficient reduction beyond two electrons, and the delivery of industrially relevant current densities. In this review, we introduce the recent development of nanomaterials for CO2RR, including the zero‐dimensional graphene quantum dots, two‐dimensional materials such as metal chalcogenides and metal/covalent organic framework, single‐atom catalysts, and nanostructured metal catalysts. The engineering of materials into three‐dimensional structure will also be discussed. Finally, we will provide a summary of the catalytic performance and perspectives on future development.