bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of sago plants (Metroxylon spp.) as a bioindicator of water springs
Authors: BOTANRI SAMIN , ULUPUTTY MUHAMMAD RIADH , KAMSURYA MARWANYANI , HABI MAIMUNA LA , DJUMAT JUNI LA , KALIKY FITRIYANTI
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Botanri S, Uluputty MR, Kamsurya M, Kamaruddin, Latuponu H, Habi ML, Djumat JL, Kaliky F. 2024. Utilization of sago plants (Metroxylon spp.) as a bioindicator of water springs. Biodiversitas 25: 1682-1690. Sago plants (Metroxylon spp) in Maluku, Indonesia are often used as an indication of a water spring. If an area grows sago, there is most certainly a spring exists. However, this anecdotal evidence has never been empirically tested. The research aims to investigate the use of sago plants as bioindicators of water springs and to analyze the relationship between water spring discharge and sago plant characteristics and environmental factors. The research was carried out on the island of Ambon, Maluku, for 12 months from January to December 2023. This research used a survey method by conducting a census of all water springs in most areas of Ambon Island. Observations of root characteristics, sago population density, and microclimate were conducted in 3 sample areas using the purposive sampling method. Observation data were analyzed using Principal Component Regression Analysis (PCRA). The research results show that sago plants can be used as bioindicators to indicate the existence of water springs. Spring water discharge was influenced by the characteristics of sago roots, including root diameter, fresh root weight, root water content, and sago population density. Collectively, the influence of root characteristics and sago stand density reached 73.4% (R-square 0.734) with a correlation between the independent variables (X1-X4) and variable Y (spring discharge) R = 0.857. Spring discharge was also influenced by microclimate characteristics, including temperature, air humidity, intensity of solar radiation, and rainfall. The contribution of the influence of microclimate characteristics to spring discharge reached 88.2% (R-square 0.882). The correlation is very strong, with a value of R = 0.939. The findings of our study imply that sago can be used as a water spring conservation plant.
Local community perceptions on the conservation of hornbill (Family Bucerotidae) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: KURNIAWAN FIRMAN H. , RAHMANSYAH RIKI , RAHMAN ARYF , HARDIYANTI HARDIYANTI , KURNIAWAN JIMMI , PUTRA INDEKA D. , HADIPRAKARSA YOKYOK
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Kurniawan FH, Rahmansyah R, Rahman A, Hardiyanti, Kurniawan J, Putra ID, Hadiprakarsa Y. 2024. Local community perceptions on the conservation of hornbill (Family Bucerotidae) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1702-1710. Effective wildlife conservation strategies must consider local community perceptions to develop effective actions. This study explored community attitudes toward hornbill conservation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Between November 2018 and August 2019, we interviewed 513 respondents in ten villages in Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. We collected data on respondent’s demographics, socioeconomic status, human-forest interactions, animal hunting trends, knowledge of hornbill, hornbill hunting, and hornbill-cultural knowledge. Most respondents were Dayak, relying on the forest for farming and harvesting for subsistence and commercial purposes. Seven out of eight Kalimantan hornbill species are targeted for hunting, with Helmeted hornbills being the most targeted species (80%) in the past five years. In addition, 12% of respondents reported hunting hornbills for food. Our result suggests that hunting is related to socioeconomic conditions, given that a significant proportion of respondents had no steady income (56%) and limited economic resources as farmers (38%), and a significant portion was unemployed (46%). A decline in the cultural value of hornbills was also recorded, with 61% of respondents did not know about it. The respondents who know, generally only understand the hornbill utilization in the traditional ornament matter and lost the sacred value. Additionally, in this study, cultural narratives were successfully recorded by some older respondents who were aware of the cultural value of hornbills from age >55 years old (27%). Hornbill ecotourism is suggested to enhance and fortify the socioeconomic well-being of sustainable conservation practices and mitigate the unsustainable use of hornbill. To enhance public awareness, we suggest conducting conservation education activities and awareness campaigns targeted at individuals within the age <35 years old, where a majority of respondents at these ages (45%) are unaware of the cultural value of hornbills. A community-based hornbill monitoring program is also recommended to raise public awareness, although funding for this aspect is currently very limited.
Comparative physiological activity and productivity of two local West Timor (Indonesia) maize in response to t'sen, row, and monoculture cropping patterns
Authors: DIMU-HEO YOHANNIS HARRY , INDRADEWA DIDIK , PUTRA EKA TARWACA SUSILO , PURWANTO BENITO HERU
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Dimu-Heo YH, Indradewa D, Putra ETS, Purwanto BH. 2024. Comparative physiological activity and productivity of two local West Timor (Indonesia) maize in response to t'sen, row, and monoculture cropping patterns. Biodiversitas 25: 1718-1728. T'sen is a traditional cropping pattern practiced in West Timor, where farmers plant maize, cowpeas, and pumpkins together in one hole. Field research was carried out to compare the productivity and physiological activity of maize grown in monoculture, t'sen, and row cropping patterns. The research followed a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot consisted of monoculture, t'sen, and row cropping patterns, while the subplots included local maize varieties: Kupang and TTS. The results showed that the t'sen cropping pattern did not cause any differences in stomatal activity, chlorophyll properties, transpiration rate, and photosynthesis rate, resulting in productivity that was not significantly different from monoculture. In contrast, the row cropping pattern led to an increase in the width of the stomatal opening but caused a decrease in the rate of transpiration and photosynthesis, resulting in lower productivity compared to monoculture. Additionally, the research found the productivity of the Kupang variety was higher than the TTS variety. Furthermore, both cropping patterns resulted in higher total protein yields due to cowpea and pumpkin fruit production compared to monoculture, with the t'sen showing significantly higher than the row cropping pattern.
Genetic diversity and connectivity of the Irrawaddy dolphin in Southern Thailand: Emphasizing the last fourteen of the Songkhla dolphin status from a microsatellite perspective
Authors: BUDI TRIFAN , NINWAT SANTI , SAKORNWIMON WATCHARA , THONGCHAM KHUNANONT , PHAKPHIEN RATTANAKORN , KALAYA CHAWANON , PHAVAPHUTANON JANJIRA
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Budi T, Ninwat S, Sakornwimon W, Thongcham K, Phakphien R, Kalaya C, Phavaphutanon J. 2024. Genetic diversity and connectivity of the Irrawaddy dolphin in Southern Thailand: Emphasizing the last fourteen of the Songkhla dolphin status from a microsatellite perspective. Biodiversitas 25: 1729-1735. Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris Gray, 1866) can be found in diverse aquatic environments, ranging from coastal to brackish water, stretching from the West of Bengal in India to the central part of the Indonesian archipelago. Despite its widespread distribution and flexible habitat tolerance, Irrawaddy dolphins in Songkhla Lake, Southern Thailand, are hypothesized to be isolated and exhibit concerningly low population numbers, threatening their long-term survival. Limited knowledge exists regarding their population genetics status. This study analyzed 30 samples from Songkhla Lake (SKL) and the Lower Gulf of Thailand (LGT) to assess their genetic diversity, structure, and connectivity using 16 microsatellite loci. Extremely low genetic diversity was observed in SKL (Ho = 0.039±0.039; AR = 1.122±0.489) and LGT (Ho = 0.033±0.033; AR = 1.141±0.566) populations. Population differentiation (FST = 0.033, p>0.05) and clustering analyses based on both Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) suggest limited genetic divergence and potential panmixia (single genetic pool) between both populations. These findings highlight critical conservation concerns due to low diversity despite the lack of isolation, emphasizing the need for immediate and targeted efforts to ensure the long-term viability of this iconic yet vulnerable population.
Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus spp. (Annelida: Serpulidae) as indicators of coral health at Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: AFKAR AFKAR , BARUS TERNALA ALEXANDER , JOHN ARLEN HANEL , SARONG MUHAMMAD ALI
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Afkar, Barus TA, John AH, Sarong MA. 2024. Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus spp. (Annelida: Serpulidae) as indicators of coral health at Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1743-1753. The research was conducted along 300-m long transects at 3 and 7 m depth in Beurawang Waters, Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia, which aimed to analyze the association of christmas tree worms (Polychaeta: Serpulidae: Spirobranchus) with coral health conditions and determine the impact of their presence on the coral reef ecosystem. On average, Spirobranchus individuals were more commonly found at 3 m than at 7 m depth. Spirobranchus was found to be most associated with massive corals of the genus Porites. Spirobranchus tends to be most abundant in damaged coral reef colonies, which suggests that coral conditions could worsen if the abundance of Spirobranchus worms increases. Statistical analysis also shows an association between the abundance of Spirobranchus and the condition of coral reefs, with a 'strong' relationship value of 0.611. Therefore, it is necessary to consider coral transplantation as an effort to repair damaged coral substrates in Beurawang Waters.
The traditional ecological knowledge of the local people of Cijambu Village, Sumedang, Indonesia, on the diversity, utilization, management, and conservation of bamboo
Authors: IHSAN MUHAMMAD , IRAWAN BUDI , ISKANDAR JOHAN
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Ihsan M, Irawan B, Iskandar J. 2024. The traditional ecological knowledge of the local people of Cijambu Village, Sumedang, Indonesia, on the diversity, utilization, management, and conservation of bamboo. Biodiversitas 25: 1754-1770. Bamboos have been known to play an important role in the socio-economic, cultural, and ecological benefits of rural people in West Java. However, many bamboo gardens have been converted to other land-use types, including commercial vegetable gardens. The study aimed to record local people's Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in Cijambu, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, regarding the diversity, utilization, management, and conservation of ethnobotany and bamboo. The mixed method, combining approaches with an ethnobotanical perspective, was employed in this study through semi-structured and structured interviews with informants. The study results showed a diversity of bamboo landraces with six types of bamboo identified by the community: Awi Tali (Gigantochloa apus), Awi Gombong/Awi Surat (Gigantochloa verticillata), Awi Temen (Gigantochloa atter), Awi Bitung (Dendrocalamus asper), Haur Héjo (Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris), and Haur Konéng (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata). Bamboo has 41 uses: 3 ecological uses, 32 economic uses, and 6 socio-cultural uses. Bamboo management involves maintaining and transforming bamboo gardens into mixed gardens, combining vegetables and coffee plants to increase income. Community conservation efforts involve selective logging to ensure the sustainability and regeneration of bamboo. The conservation process is influenced by cultural beliefs and myths, such as refraining from cutting or taking bamboo on Fridays. Bamboo people believe in Tolak Bala, which uses Haur Konéng bamboo.
Diversity of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss from Bali, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular characters
Authors: SUMANTRA I KETUT , LISTIHANI LISTIHANI , ARIATI PUTU EKA PASMIDI
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Sumantra IK, Listihani L, Ariati PEP. 2024. Diversity of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss from Bali, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 25: 1771-1780. There are several salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) variations based on epicarp (skin) color, pulp aroma, and taste. The different characters are not only found among different production centers, but also among plants cultivated in the same area. This study aimed to identify the morphological and molecular characters of 16 salak cultivars from Bali, Indonesia. Morphological characters were described based on the individual test guideline for salak species and molecular characters were analyzed using four Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, namely OPA3, OPC7, OPD4, and OPD20. The morphological characters of 16 salak cultivars are very diverse in plant height, number of leaflets, leaflets length and width, leaf sheath length, fruit skin color, fruit shape, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per bunch, number of seeds per fruit, and thick pulp. A total of 37 DNA bands ranging from 250-4000 bp was obtained and 28 bands of which are polymorphic. The dendrogram formed 4 clusters. Cluster 1 consists of Bingin, Kelapa, Gulapasir, Nangka, Muani, Gonong, Penyalin, Gondok, Layu, Sudamala, Merah, Jaka, and Putih salak cultivars. Cluster 2 consists of Pada cultivar, cluster 3 consists of Injin cultivar, and cluster 4 consists of Nenas cultivar. This research is the first diversity analysis report on S. zalacca from Bali based on morphological and molecular characters.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity and identification of unique Omicron variant markers of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia
Authors: SUARDANA IDA B. K. , MAHARDIKA BAYU K. , SANTOSA ADHIYOGA A. A. N. A. , MAHARDIKA GUSTI N.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Suardana IBK, Mahardika BK, Santosa AAANA, Mahardika GN. 2024. Short Communication: Genetic diversity and identification of unique Omicron variant markers of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1781-1787. The rapid and global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused enormous socioeconomic disruptions, such as local and global travel, country or city lockdown, and manymore. We tested the hypothesis that global introduction and local substitution markers that are unique to Indonesia due to the global travel restrictions could be identified. All complete and high-coverage genomes of all Omicron variant sequences submitted from Indonesia were downloaded from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), in October 27, 2022, and aligned with the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and randomly selected Nextstrain Omicron clades. Genetic diversity was calculated using Tajima’s neutrality test, and phylogeny was constructed using the neighbour-joining method in Mega 11. The overall whole genome diversity of the Omicron variant detected in Indonesia is 0.0008, with the three highest coding region diversities being Open Reading Frame 6 (ORF6), Envelope, and Spike protein. The Tajima D value of the whole genome is -2.669, while the three highest Tajima values are ORF6, Envelope and ORF10. The phylogeny shows that there are 168 sequences of Indonesian Omicron variants, which do not share branches with Nextstrain Omicron clades. Unique amino acid substitutions to Wuhan-Hu-1 of the Omicron variants detected in Indonesia occurred in some coding regions, mainly in ORF1AB and Spike. We encourage country-based analysis as a lesson for future pandemic events.
Soil depth constraints in the revegetation of reclaimed coal mine land
Authors: HARTATI WAHJUNI , SYAHRINUDIN SYAHRINUDIN , SUDARMADJI TRIYONO
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Hartati W, Syahrinudin, Sudarmadji T. 2024. Soil depth constraints in the revegetation of reclaimed coal mine land. Biodiversitas 25: 1838-1845. Plants require adequate root space, nutrients, water, and air for optimal growth. This study analyzed the relationship between plant growth (i.e., diameter) and soil properties (i.e., thickness, organic matter content, texture) on revegetated post-coal mining land in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field research was conducted at revegetated area primarily planted with four species (Hibiscus tiliaceus, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Samanea saman and Acacia sp.) with age of 8 years. Data was collected from 30 plots of 0.05 ha. Plant diameter were recorded and soil samples were taken from 0-10, 10-30, and >30 cm depths using soil auger at three points per plot. Organic matter content was determined by the Walkley-Black method, and texture by the Pipette method. Multiple regression analysis was used to used to investigate the relationship between plant diameter and soil properties. The study found that different species showed varying correlations between soil properties and growth. Acacia sp. and S. saman exhibited strong correlations (r=0.78), while E. cyclocarpum had a low correlation (r=0.35), and H. tiliaceus a moderate one (r=0.49). Soil thickness had a stronger influence on H. tiliaceus (?=0.05) and S. saman (?=0.01) than other tested properties. For some species, diameter growth was primarily determined by soil thickness in the revegetated area. The study highlights the importance of considering species-specific soil requirements for successful revegetation and plant growth on post-coal mining sites.
Measuring indices of fish community structure in Fisheries Management Area 713 (FMA 713), Indonesia
Authors: WIYONO EKO SRI , ZAINUDDIN MUKTI , SYAMSUDDIN MEGA LAKSMI
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Wiyono ES, Zainuddin M, Syamsuddin ML. 2024. Measuring indices of fish community structure in Fisheries Management Area 713 (FMA 713), Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1857-1866. Understanding the dynamic of the fish community structure over time and space is a fundamental interest and an important component of fisheries science and management. To optimize the utilization of catch species in Fisheries Management Area 713 (FMA 713), the second productive area in Indonesian Waters, we measured the indices of fish community structure in the area. The study analyzed e-log-book fish data introduced by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia (MMAF RI). We studied the composition, productivity, diversity, interaction, and cluster indices to describe the fish community in the study area. The result analysis confirmed that fish composition differed between seasons and reached its highest amount during the west monsoon (WM) season. However, the highest productivity occurred during the east monsoon (EM) season. The diversity of the diversity indices in the study area reached its highest during the WM season and lowest during the second transition (ST) season. In general, there is no significant interaction between most of the catch species. Since the fish community is dynamic seasonally, the fishermen's fishing ground also indicated seasonal movement. During WM and EM seasons, the fishing ground tends to concentrate in the coastal area of Kalimantan. Still, during the transition season, the fishing ground tends to scatter. Therefore, to utilize the fish community results, optimizing fishing was proposed.
New occurrence of corn and rice strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bali and Lesser Sunda: Genetic diversity, distribution, and damage
Authors: YUDHA I KADEK WISMA , SUPARTHA I WAYAN , SUSILA I WAYAN , SUDIARTA PUTU , WIJAYA I NYOMAN , WIRADANA PUTU ANGGA
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Yudha IKW, Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sudiarta P, Wijaya IN, Wiradana PA. 2024. New occurrence of corn and rice strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bali and Lesser Sunda (Indonesia): Genetic diversity, distribution, and damage. Biodiversitas 25: 1890-1900. Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest with rapid proliferation and is responsible for reducing corn productivity in several regions in Indonesia, including Bali and Lesser Sunda in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and specific genes of S. frugiperda as well as assess its attacks in Bali and Lesser Sunda (NTB and NTT) regions. The study procedures were carried out using field surveys, followed by molecular identification to determine the genetic diversity of S. frugiperda with the COI locus. A total of 150 infected corn plants were sampled using the diagonal sampling method, with a unit size of 5 m × 5 m. The distribution data obtained were then analyzed using the QGIS application and SPSS 22 for statistical analysis. The geographic distribution results showed that S. frugiperda was evenly distributed in the provinces of Bali and Lesser Sunda, with the observation of 2 strains, namely corn and rice. Corn strain was more specifically found in the Karangasem, Flores, Lombok Highlands, and Timor areas, while rice strain occured in the Jembrana, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Lombok lowland areas. In addition, a total of 12 specific nucleotide bases from S. frugiperda gene were found in Bali, NTB, and NTT regions. The findings also showed that the haplotype network of Bali, NTB, and NTT populations was effectively isolated from other locations and was in the process of genetic divergence. The 3-year invasion of S. frugiperda in Indonesian territory was reported to have experienced a process of genetic population development. Lombok Island had the highest average plant damage at 54.63%, which was not significantly different from the value of Sumbawa, Bali, and Sumba at 47.79%, 42.65%, and 40.72%, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest plant damage level in Timor at 20.95%, followed by Flores (at 30.38%).
Phytocomponents analysis and antioxidant activity of Malacca fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica) using three different solvents
Authors: NAZARUDDIN NAZARUDDIN , ROSMAIDAR ROSMAIDAR , SIREGAR TONGKU N. , WAHYUNI SRI , SUTRIANA AMALIA
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Nazaruddin, Rosmaidar, Siregar TN, Wahyuni S, Sutriana A. 2024. Phytocomponents analysis and antioxidant activity of Malacca fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica) using three different solvents. Biodiversitas 25: 1911-1919. Malacca plant (Phyllanthus emblica L.) grows widely in Aceh Province, Indonesia representing a wide group of phytochemical components of medicinal usage. This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in P. emblica fruit extract, which was extracted by subsequent extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical and GC-MS to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds and measure the radical scavenging using DPPH assay to estimate the antioxidant activity. The results showed that P. emblica fruit extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate contained flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponin compounds, while n-hexane extract only contained steroids. The antioxidant activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was very strong, with IC50 values of 18.81, 20.75, and 31.01 ppm, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the most abundant chemical component in ethanol and ethyl acetate extract was 1, 2, 3 benzenetriol, while in n-hexane extract was eugenol. Based on bioactive components and antioxidant activity, ethanol is suggested as the optimal solvent to gain a high content of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as high antioxidants from P. emblica fruit for utilization in pharmacognosy.
Nest characteristics, distribution, and preferences of Megapodius reinwardt as the basis for its conservation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: YAMIN M. , JUFRI A. WAHAB , HAKIM ALIFMAN , GUNAWAN GUNAWAN , RAHMAT JONI , SUKARSO A.A.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Yamin M, Jufri AW, Hakim A, Gunawan, Rahmat J, Sukarso AA. 2024. Nest characteristics, distribution, and preferences of Megapodius reinwardt as the basis for its conservation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1920-1928. Megapodius reinwardt Dumont, 1823 is a unique bird that has an important ecological role as an insect controller, food security, and economy. This study aims to accurately determine the distribution, characteristics of nests and nesting preferences of M. reinwardt in natural habitats. Data collection was carried out by field observation methods at three locations from March to August 2023, i.e.: TWA Gunung Tunak (Gunung Tunak Nature Park), TWA Kerandangan (Kerandangan Nature Park), and Gili Trawangan, but when data were collected on Gili Trawangan no active nests were found. We found that there are seven active nests in the western part of the TWA Gunung Tunak; each nest was built by five to twelve pairs of parents, while in TWA Kerandangan, three active nests were built by three pairs of parents. The population of M. reinwardt on Lombok Island is only found in TWA Gunung Tunak (96 heads) and TWA Kerandangan (12 heads). The presence of the nest is simultaneously significantly influenced by 14 factors (R2 value=87%). Six factors are highly preferred, i.e., distance to river streams, light intensity, canopy cover, vegetation density, humidity, and plant litter composition. The vegetation diversity in TWA Gunung Tunak was 21 species with a density of 58 - 344 individuals/hectare compared to TWA Kerandangan, which was 40 species with a density of 185-410 individuals/hectare. The diversity index (H) of M. reinwardt is between 2.14-2.26. The evenness index (E) is between 0.95-0.96. The high ecological index indicates that conservation strategies for M. reinwardt should be implemented by providing ecosystem services through the development of ecotourism and by increasing economic and community awareness.
Genetic diversity and cluster analysis of local pigmented rice from East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia based on quantitative and qualitative characters
Authors: HAMIDAH HAMIDAH , SUNARYO WIDI , RUSDIANSYAH RUSDIANSYAH , NURHASANAH NURHASANAH
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Hamidah, Sunaryo W, Rusdiansyah, Nurhasanah. 2024. Genetic diversity and cluster analysis of local pigmented rice from East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia based on quantitative and qualitative characters. Biodiversitas 25: 1938-1945. Pigmented rice is a functional food containing antioxidants and various essential nutrients that are very beneficial for health. The substantial advantages of pigmented rice encourage the importance of research activities in exploring pigmented rice germplasms and further identifying unique and valuable traits for the development of superior rice varieties. This research aims to evaluate genetic diversity of pigmented rice based on quantitative and qualitative characters and examine their genetic relationship for future pigmented rice improvement strategies. Fifteen pigmented rice from East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia were used in this study. Nine quantitative and ten qualitative traits were observed and used to identify the genetic diversity of pigmented rice cultivars. The data then were used to group the pigmented rice based on their similarity degree using cluster analysis to form a phylogenetic tree hierarchically in a dendrogram. The results showed that there were large genetic differences based on quantitative and qualitative characters in the pigmented rice, showing a high genetic diversity either in brown or black rice cultivars. Based on the genetic relationships analysis, the fifteen pigmented rice cultivars were clustered in four groups with genetic similarity of ?90%. The genetic diversity and relationship in this study emphasize the crucial of revealing the genetic identity of local pigmented rice from East and North Kalimantan.
Exploring meiofaunal assemblages in Pujada Bay, Philippines: A glimpse into one of the world's most beautiful bays
Authors: YBAÑEZ JR. CIRILO O.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Ybañez JR CO. 2024. Exploring meiofaunal assemblages in Pujada Bay, Philippines: A glimpse into one of the world's most beautiful bays. Biodiversitas 25: 1946-1954. This study explores the meiofaunal communities within Pujada Bay's intertidal zone, Philippines, meticulously recording 18,193 individuals across 18 taxa. Differences in composition and abundance across sites were observed, with conservation efforts at Guang-guang yielding higher densities (4,613 ind/10 cm-2) compared to less-managed sites such as Magsaysay (928 ind/10 cm-2) and Badas (1,438 ind/10 cm-2). Furthermore, Macambol, distant from direct threats, exhibited notable densities (4,483 ind/10 cm-2), indicating the importance of geographic isolation in ecosystem preservation. Dominant taxa include Nematoda (41%), Copepoda (28%), Foraminifera (22%), and Polychaeta (5%), underscoring their ecological significance in Pujada Bay's meiofaunal community. These findings highlight the efficacy of conservation measures in fostering resilient meiofaunal communities, where management strategies and geographic location play vital roles in biodiversity preservation. This research offers valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of Pujada Bay, emphasizing the indispensable role of conservation in maintaining biodiversity. By elucidating meiofaunal dynamics, this study advances our understanding of the local marine ecosystem and lays the groundwork for broader discussions on marine conservation strategies. Pujada Bay, considered one of the most beautiful bays in the world, exemplifies the delicate balance between human activities and the imperative of preserving biodiversity in marine environments.
Intertidal echinoderm identification keys for a reef-walking-tour at Mandalika, Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: BACHTIAR IMAM , SUYANTRI ENI , LESTARI TRI AYU , GHAFARI MUHAMMAD IRSYAD A.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Bachtiar I, Suyantri E, Lestari TA, Ghafari MIA. 2024. Intertidal echinoderm identification keys for a reef-walking-tour at Mandalika, Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1965-1974. The coastal biodiversity of Lombok Island has not been utilized holistically for tourist destinations. The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Mandalika, Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia was established on the island's southern coast, designed to be an ecoresort with thousands of super-premium rooms. New tourist attractions are therefore required to fulfill the increasing demands. The present study aims to provide a pre-requisite science to develop a new tourist attraction related to marine biodiversity in intertidal areas. An intertidal reef walking tour will be initiated to add existing ecotourism options on the island. Culturally, the intertidal area is used for reef gleaning and seaweed farming. The gleaning tradition has the potential to be integrated into the reef walking tour as the cultural menu of ecotourism. The present study offers identification keys for echinoderm fauna inhabiting the intertidal area of the Mandalika SEZ. The identification keys are new and designed specifically for tourist users with broad discipline backgrounds. Twenty-five echinoderm fauna can be identified using the new tourism-designed keys. The echinoderm keys may apply to intertidal areas of many islands in the Indonesian Archipelago and the Western Pacific.
Emergent Bedside Cesarean Section for COVID-19 Patient on Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta University Medical Center, GA, USA., Myles Amanda , Ang Sheryl S. ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta University Medical Center, GA, USA.
Published: June 2024

Background & Case: A 38-year-old Spanish-speaking, pregnant woman at 26.1 weeks’ gestation with two previous Cesarean sections (C-section) presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. She was intubated and ventilated, complicated by bilateral pneumothoraces and emphysema requiring bilateral chest tubes and blow holes. She had worsening hypoxic respiratory failure ultimately requiring cannulation for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). She was started on cefazolin for Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. On day three of VV-ECMO, there was non-reassuring fetal heart tone necessitating emergent bedside non-sterile Cesarean section at 27.2 weeks’ gestational age in the surgical intensive care unit. Post-Cesarean section, her respiratory failure improved, and she was decannulated from VV-ECMO 13 days later. This case report highlights that VV-ECMO can be a life-saving treatment option for pregnant women with cardiopulmonary failure who are unresponsive to conventional therapy. Literature describing Caesarean section on VV-ECMO is limited. Specifically, there have been only a handful of case reports of C-sections on patients put on VV-ECMO due to respiratory failure. Results: The obvious benefit of proceeding with this emergent bedside C-section was to save the fetus. However, this had to be weighed against the risks of hemorrhage in this high-risk patient since she had two previous C-sections and was on a therapeutic heparin drip while on VV-ECMO. Additionally, there is the risk of infection due to having the C-section done in a non-sterile manner, especially in a patient who is bacteremic. This was mitigated by using additional prophylactic antibiotics post-operatively. The patient’s respiratory status improved significantly after the fetus was delivered, likely due to improvements in respiratory mechanics post-partum. The successful outcome of this patient and her baby required the timely coordination of a multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: Emergent C-section on a pregnant woman with respiratory failure on VV-ECMO can be life-saving for the fetus and the mother. However, the inherent risks associated with it requires close monitoring of the patient and the fetus in order to determine when this is truly necessary. Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Cesarean-section, COVID-19, Pregnancy, Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Anaesthesia in a Pregnant Female with Infective Spondylodiscitis Posted for Laminectomy with Posterior Instrumentation
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Department of Anaesthesiology, E.S.I.S Hospital, Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Mohan Ashwin , Kane Deepa ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Devalkar Priti ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Spondylodiscitis in pregnancy is an uncommon entity that can inadvertently hamper the pregnancy. Case presentation: A 25-year-old primigravida in the middle of her third trimester presented with new-onset ascending paralysis due to infective spondylodiscitis. The compression of the spinal cord by virtue of spondylodiscitis demanded immediate surgical decompression. The indirect decompression of the spinal cord was successfully accomplished by performing laminectomy with posterior instrumentation while the anesthesiologists provided general anaesthesia, monitored, and maintained maternal and foetal safety. Anaesthetic methods employed include perioperative tocolytic cover, an induction of rapid sequence, aspiration prophylaxis, balanced analgesia, and appropriate maintenance of Mean Arterial Pressure, thereby ensuring maternal and foetal well-being. Conclusion: A prompt surgical intervention and appropriate anaesthesia management resulted in successful decompression of the spinal cord with excellent recovery of paraplegia while avoiding maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Pregnancy, Laminectomy, Foetal monitoring, Patient positioning, Uteroplacental blood flow.
Anaesthetic Management of Primi with Post Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty (PBPV) with Moderate Restenosis with Right Hemiparesis and Epilepsy Posted for Emergency Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) Under Graded Epidural Anaesthesia: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, S.V. Medical College. Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India., Habeeb M. Reshma ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, S.V. Medical College. Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India., Begum Shaik Sumiya ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, S.V. Medical College. Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India., Hemalatha J. ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, S.V. Medical College. Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: June 2024

We report the successful management of a 25-year-old primi with post PBPV with right hemiparesis and epilepsy on treatment with moderate restenosis posted for emergency LSCS and done under graded epidural anaesthesia. The perioperative course was uneventful, with satisfactory maternal and foetal outcomes. Keywords: Pulmonary restenosis, Emergency caesarean section, Graded epidural anaesthesia.
Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method
Authors: Pontaema Theerapong , Pongthaisong Pongphol , Kenchaiwong Wootichai , Chompoosan Chayanon , Lerdweeraphon Wichaporn
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique.

Materials and Methods: A total of 12 Thai native crossbred horses and 12 Arabian horses, all free of cardiac abnormalities, were enrolled in the study. Animals underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) and VVTI using both the base-apex lead method and its modified version. 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV ECG recordings provided standard bipolar limb leads. The amplitudes and durations of P waves, QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were assessed. The T wave’s shape was examined. Each recording’s R-R interval was utilized to assess heart rate. Twenty consecutive beats were used to compute the variability of heart rate (VVTI).

Results: The P wave amplitude was the only significant difference (p < 0.05) between the base apex lead method and the modified base apex lead method, with no variations in heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude. Both methods showed mainly biphasic T wave patterns. The VVTI values of all horses did not differ significantly between the base apex and modified base apex methods. There was no significant difference in VVTI between Thai crossbred horses and Arabian horses in either method.

Conclusion: This study provided the first evidence that VVTI can be evaluated using the modified base apex lead system and may be useful for cardiovascular function monitoring in horses.

Keywords: electrocardiogram, evaluation, horses, vasovagal tonus index.
Investigation of Sports Habits of Pilot Candidates
Authors: ÜŞENMEZ Sultan , TURAÇ Görkem
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the sports habits of pilot candidates. The survey prepared by the researcher as a quantitative research method was applied to 60 pilot candidates studying at a flight school providing pilot training in the Aegean Region. During the data collection process, percentage and frequency methods were used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and cross-tables were created. The data were analyzed in the SPSS 25 package program. According to the results of this research, which focuses on the sports habits of pilot candidates, which is an important factor in protecting both their physical and mental health and preparing for their aviation careers, 78.7% of the participants do sports regularly, while 21.3% do not do sports. Accordingly, it is seen that the majority of pilot candidates have regular sports habits, most of the pilot candidates who do sports have been doing sports 2-3 days a week for 4 years or more, and a significant portion of them have been doing sports from past to present. It has been understood that the most preferred sport among the sports types is fitness. It has been concluded that the most prominent reason for pilot candidates to do sports is to be healthy and fit. Those who do not do sports stated that they could not find the time, which was put forward as the reason for not doing sports.
Evaluation and Mapping of Empowerment and Disaster-Resilient Disaster-Resistant Villages in East Rembang
Authors: Hamid Nur , Juhadi Juhadi , Kasmuri Kasmuri , Riyadi Agus , Mahat Hanifah , Hashim Mohmadisa , Rohmah Umi Amanatur , Aroyandini Elvara Norma
Published: June 2024

Indonesia's development must be connected to the important role of village empowerment and disaster resilience. Efforts to increase village empowerment and resilience to disasters have been carried out previously, especially in villages in East Rembang. Even so, there has yet to be an evaluation to measure its success. This research aims to evaluate and map village empowerment and resilience using research instruments consisting of aspects, indicators, sub-indicators, and questions regarding disasters in East Rembang. The four main stages of research include instrument development, measurements of empowered and disaster-resilient villages that have been carried out, mapping of measurement results, and based on recommendations. The data collection technique used is a document study with the data collection instrument, namely a document study sheet containing a scale for measuring village empowerment and disaster resilience. The village empowerment scale was developed based on geographic, government, population, social, agricultural, economic, and housing aspects. In contrast, the disaster-resilient village scale consists of six aspects that reflect the value of security from disasters, facilities, and mitigation efforts. This research shows seven categories of villages that are empowered and resilient to disasters. The three villages with the highest level of empowerment are Sluke, Sendangmulyo, and Kragan Villages in Sluke, Sarang, and Kragan Districts, respectively. Meanwhile, the three villages with the highest disaster resilience are Sanetan, Bendo and Langgar Villages, Sluke District.
PERANCANGAN DAN ANALISIS PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM MONITORING TEGANGAN PADA BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DENGAN BATERAI LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE PADA PURWARUPA MOBIL LISTRIK
Authors: Ginting Muhammad , Arrayan Muhammad , Ramadhan Aldion , Denis Denis , Setiawan Iwan
Published: June 2024

Perkembangan kendaraan listrik sedang pesat di dunia, menggunakan motor listrik yang dioperasikan oleh baterai, termasuk baterai lithium iron phosphate. Namun, penggunaan baterai ini memerlukan proteksi yang andal untuk mencegah kerusakan akibat perlakuan tidak tepat. Baterry Management Systems (BMS) hadir untuk memantau dan melindungi sel baterai dengan mengamati kondisi tegangan, arus, dan temperatur, serta menjaga keseimbangan sel baterai. Pada penelitian ini, akan dirancang sistem monitoring pada BMS Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah terkait dengan monitoring kondisi tegangan tanpa beban, pengujian sistem balancing, serta pengujian sistem proteksi. Hasil pengujian monitoring tegangan menunjukan bahwa performa smart BMS untuk monitoring tegangan memiliki nilai akurasi lebih dari 95%. Hasil pengujian sistem balancing, fitur balancing aktif pada saat sel baterai melebihi nilai 0,5 V. Pada pengujian sistem proteksi , smart BMS konvensional dapat bekerja dengan optimal sesuai dengan batas maksimal tegangan dan batas minimal tegangan yang telah diatur.
Heterosis and combining ability for phenological yield and fiber traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes
Authors: Solangi Altaf Hussain , Lakho Saeed Khan , Jatoi Wajid Ali , Solangi Nusrat , Solangi Aqsa , Syed Qutaba , Syed Murtaza Haider
Published: June 2024

The seeds of 4 lines, 3 testers, and their 12 F1 hybrids were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam during Kharif 2019. F1 hybrids were raised for the estimation of heterotic effects, GCA and SCA for days to 1st squaring, days to 1st boll formation Bolls opened at 90 days after sowing, Sympodial branches plant-1, Bolls plant-1, Boll weight (g), Seed cotton yield plant-1 (g), 100-seed weight (g), Ginning outturn (%) and staple length (mm). Genotypes, parents, crosses, parent's v/s crosses, lines, testers and line × testers were significant for days to 1st squaring and days to 1st boll forming. Bolls unveiled their fissures precisely 90 days post-sowing, while parameters including sympodial branches per plant, bolls per plant, individual boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant, 100-seed weight, ginning outturn, and staple length underwent meticulous evaluation. The statistical scrutiny unveiled the insignificance of both lines and testers concerning the 90-day boll dehiscence. Similarly, the parental influence on boll weight, 100-seed weight, and staple length exhibited a lack of statistical significance. Line CRIS-134, Sindh, and tester FH-901 gave a higher mean performance for all the traits. Among the hybrids, Mehran × FH-901, Sindh-1 × CIM-602, CRIS-134 × CIM-602, CRIS-342 × Koonj, and CRIS-342 × CIM-602 gave a desirable mean performance and heterotic effect for all the traits. CRIS-342 × Koonj produced maximum SCA effects for bolls per plant. Mehran × FH-901 recorded higher SCA effects for seed cotton yield plant-1 and 100-seed weight, CRIS-342 × CIM-602 for lint percentage, and CRIS-342 × FH-901 for staple length. It is suggested that these lines and testers should be utilized in the breeding program to improve these traits.
SANAL KAYTARMA VE ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET KAVRAMLARINI ELE ALAN AKADEMİK ÇALIŞMALARIN TEMATİK ANALİZİ
Authors: Taksi Deveciyan Meri
Published: June 2024

Çalışma ile “sanal kaytarma” ve “örgütsel adalet” kavramlarını birlikte ele alan yayınların “araştırma yöntemi” ve “eğilimlerinin/konularının” incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, zaman kısıtlaması olmaksızın “Web of Science” ve “Dergipark” veri tabanlarında iki kavramı birlikte ele almış “yirmi altı” adet yayın tematik analiz metodolojisiyle incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden, tematik içerik analizi ile yürütülen çalışmada, MAXQDA 2022 nitel veri analiz programı kullanılarak, incelenen akademik yayınlardaki en yaygın kullanılan konular/eğilimler ve araştırma yöntemleri görselleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen akademik yayınlarda, “sanal kaytarma nedenlerinin” en yaygın ele alınan konu/eğilim olduğu, araştırma yöntemi olarak ise nicel araştırma yönteminin en çok kullanılan metodoloji olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tematik analiz kapsamında bulguları genişletmek için en çok katkıda bulunan yazarlar, yayın türü ve en çok yayın yapılan yıllar da belirlenmiştir. Literatürde “sanal kaytarma” ve “örgütsel adalet” değişkenlerini kapsayan yayınların azlığı ile, çalışmanın bu alanda çalışmak isteyen araştırmacılara farkındalık sağlaması, rehberlik etmesi beklenmektedir.