bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney transplantation from expanded criteria donors: an increased risk of urinary complications – the UriNary Complications Of Renal Transplant (UNyCORT) study
Authors: Mesnard Benoit , Leroy Maxime , Hunter James , Kervella Delphine , Timsit Marc‐Olivier , Badet Lionel , Glemain Pascal , Morelon Emmanuel , Buron Fanny , Le Quintrec‐Donnette Moglie , Pernin Vincent , Ladriere Marc , Girerd Sophie , Legendre Christophe , Sicard Antoine , Albano Laeticia , De Vergie Stephane , Kerleau Clarisse , Prudhomme Thomas , Rigaud Jérôme , Cantarovich Diego , Blancho Gilles , Karam Georges , Giral Magali , Ville Simon , Branchereau Julien ,   For the Données Informatisées et VAlidées en Transplantation/Computerized and VAlidated Data in Transplantation (DIVAT) Consortium Affiliations
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To assess the impact of expanded criteria donors (ECD) on urinary complications in kidney transplantation.

Patients and Methods

The UriNary Complications Of Renal Transplant (UNyCORT) is a cohort study based on the French prospective Données Informatisées et VAlidées en Transplantation/Computerized and VAlidated Data in Transplantation (DIVAT) cohort. Data were extracted between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2018 with 1‐year minimum follow‐up, in relation to 44 pre‐ and postoperative variables. ECD status was included according to United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) definition. The primary outcome of the UNyCORT study was the association between the donor’s ECD/standard criteria donors (SCD) status and urinary complications at 1 year in uni‐ and multivariate analysis. Sub‐group analysis, stratified analysis on ECD/SCD donor’s status and transplant failure analysis were then conducted.

Results

Between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2018, 10 279 kidney transplants in adult recipients were recorded within the DIVAT network. A total of 8559 (83.4%) donors were deceased donors and 1699 (16.6%) were living donors (LD). Among donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors, 224 (2.85%) were uncontrolled DCD and 93 (1.09%) were controlled DCD donors. A total of 3617 (43.9%) deceased donors were ECD. The overall urological complication rate was 16.26%. The donor’s ECD status was significantly associated with an increased risk of urological complications at 1 year in multivariate analysis (odds ratio: 1.50, 95% CI 1.31–1.71; P < 0.001) and especially with stenosis and ureteric fistulae at 1 year. There is no association with LD, uncontrolled and controlled DCD. The placement of an endo‐ureteric stent was beneficial in preventing urinary complications in all donors and particularly in ECD donors.

Conclusion

The donor’s ECD status is associated with a higher likelihood of stenosis and ureteric fistulae at 1 year. Recipients of grafts from ECD donors should probably be considered for closer urological monitoring and systematic preventive measures.
Identification of novel autoantibody signatures and evaluation of a panel of autoantibodies in breast cancer
Authors: Qiu Cuipeng , Wang Bofei , Wang Peng , Wang Xiao , Ma Yan , Dai Liping , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Keyan , Sun Guiying , Ye Hua , Zhang Jianying
Published: June 2021

Tumor‐associated autoantibodies (TAAb) could be serological tumor markers. This study aims to discover novel TAAb signatures for breast cancer (BC) detection. The protein microarray was used to identify candidate TAAb, which were further validated in 1197 sera from BC, benign breast diseases (BD), and healthy controls (HC) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, 319 preoperative and postoperative sera were evaluated. A panel was determined using four different classifiers. Twelve TAAb were identified with frequencies of 15.8%‐59.2%; their levels were significantly decreased in postoperative sera compared to those in preoperative sera (P < .05). A panel with six TAAb was developed and evaluated. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.879 (74.3% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity) and 0.865 (69.7% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity) for distinguishing BC from HC in the training set and test set, respectively. The panel had an AUC of .884 (71.2% sensitivity, 90.5% specificity) for discriminating BC from BD. For identifying BC from all controls (HC+BD), the AUC was .916 (78.9% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity). The AUC of the panel was .920 and .934 for distinguishing stage I‐II and age < 50 BC from HC, respectively. These identified TAAb have the potential to provide a non–invasive approach to detect BC.
Success at Scale: Outcomes of Community‐Based Neurodevelopment Intervention (CASITA) for Children Ages 6–20 months With Risk of Delay in Lima, Peru
Authors: Miller Ann C. , Rumaldo Nancy , Soplapuco Guadalupe , Condeso Alicia , Kammerer Betsy , Lundy Shannon , Faiffer Fabiola , Montañez Andy , Ramos Karen , Rojas Naysha , Contreras Carmen , Muñoz Maribel , Valdivia Hilda , Vilca Daojing , Córdova Nandy , Hilario Patricia , Vibbert Martha , Lecca Leonid , Shin Sonya
Published: June 2021

This study is a randomized controlled trial of a 12‐week community‐based group parenting intervention (“CASITA”) in Lima, Peru. CASITA improved neurodevelopment in a pilot study of 60 Peruvian children and subsequently scaled to 3,000 households throughout the district. The objective of this study was to assess intervention effectiveness when implemented at scale. A total of 347 children ages 6–20 months (52.7% male, 100% identified as “mestizo”) at risk for developmental difficulties were randomized to immediate or delayed CASITA. At 3 months after enrollment, the immediate arm showed significantly higher overall development, based on the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment scores (Cohen’sds = .36 and .31, respectively). Programs demonstrably effective at scale could help address children’s development risks worldwide.
Ecological corridors in Costa Rica: An evaluation applying landscape structure, fragmentation‐connectivity process, and climate adaptation
Authors: Beita Carlos Morera , Murillo Luis Fernando Sandoval , Alvarado Luis Diego Alfaro
Published: June 2021

In recent years, ecological corridors have been proposed on a global scale as a response to the accelerated process of natural ecosystem fragmentation, mainly as a result of human impact. In accordance with this trend, Costa Rica has undergone a process of implementing ecological corridors as to promote ecological connectivity since the 1990s, with the establishment of 44 ecological corridors covering 38% of Costa Rica's territory. Nevertheless, there is no research evaluating these corridors on a national scale that takes into account their functions as conduits, barriers, and habitats. Thus, the objective of this research was to describe the process of biological corridor formation in Costa Rica, and to evaluate the potential effectiveness of corridors by considering aspects of landscape structure and ecological processes related to connectivity and fragmentation. We used the National Program of Ecological Corridors database along with coverage analysis from Landsat images from 2000 and 2015.The composition of the biological corridors was determined at the landscape scale and related to potential to maintain a specific population of wild mammals weighing more than 10 kg. The composition of the ecological corridors was highly variable in terms of total area, proportion of natural habitat, and fragmentation process. Most biological corridors are capable of maintaining viable populations of Pecari tajacu and Tapir bairdii, while none could maintain populations of Panthera onca and Tayassu pecari. Only 50% of the biological corridors had improved in their connectivity. Therefore, public policies, such as master plans focusing on ecosystem restoration must be established. In addition, only two biological corridors incorporate the majority of elevation ranges (Life Zones) present in the country, which reduces the potential of the corridor system as a tool for climate change adaptation.
Winners and losers over 35 years of dragonfly and damselfly distributional change in Germany
Authors: Bowler Diana E. , Eichenberg David , Conze Klaus‐Jürgen , Suhling Frank , Baumann Kathrin , Benken Theodor , Bönsel André , Bittner Torsten , Drews Arne , Günther André , Isaac Nick J.B. , Petzold Falk , Seyring Marcel , Spengler Torsten , Trockur Bernd , Willigalla Christoph , Bruelheide Helge , Jansen Florian , Bonn Aletta
Published: June 2021

Aim

Recent studies suggest insect declines in parts of Europe; however, the generality of these trends across different taxa and regions remains unclear. Standardized data are not available to assess large‐scale, long‐term changes for most insect groups but opportunistic citizen science data are widespread for some. Here, we took advantage of citizen science data to investigate distributional changes of Odonata.

Location

Germany.

Methods

We compiled over 1 million occurrence records from different regional databases. We used occupancy‐detection models to account for imperfect detection and estimate annual distributions for each species during 1980–2016 within 5 × 5 km quadrants. We also compiled data on species attributes that were hypothesized to affect species’ sensitivity to different drivers and related them to the changes in species’ distributions. We further developed a novel approach to cluster groups of species with similar patterns of distributional change to represent multispecies indicators.

Results

More species increased (45%) than decreased (29%) or remained stable (26%) in their distribution (i.e. number of occupied quadrants). Species showing increases were generally warm‐adapted species and/or running water species, while species showing decreases were cold‐adapted species using standing water habitats such as bogs. Time series clustering defined five main patterns of change—each associated with a specific combination of species attributes, and confirming the key roles of species’ temperature and habitat preferences. Overall, our analysis predicted that mean quadrant‐level species richness has increased over most of the time period.

Main conclusions

Trends in Odonata provide mixed news—improved water quality, coupled with positive impacts of climate change, could explain the positive trends of many species. At the same time, declining species point to conservation challenges associated with habitat loss and degradation. Our study demonstrates the great value of citizen science and the work of natural history societies for assessing large‐scale distributional change.
Associations between brain and behavioral processing of facial expressions of emotion and sensory reactivity in young children
Authors: Porter Chris L. , Evans‐Stout Cortney A. , Reschke Peter J. , Nelson Larry J. , Hyde Daniel C.
Published: June 2021

The ability to decode and accurately identify information from facial emotions may advantage young children socially. This capacity to decode emotional information may likewise be influenced by individual differences in children's temperament. This study investigated whether sensory reactivity and perceptual awareness, two dimensions of temperament, as well as children's ability to accurately label emotions relates to the neural processing of emotional content in faces. Event related potentials (ERPs) of 4 to 6 year‐old children (N  = 119) were elicited from static displays of anger, happy, fearful, sad, and neutral emotion faces. Children, as a group, exhibited differential early (N290) and mid‐latency (P400) event‐related potentials (ERPs) in response to facial expressions of emotion. Individual differences in children's sensory reactivity were associated with enhanced P400 amplitudes to neutral, sad, and fearful faces. In a separate task, children were asked to provide an emotional label for the same images. Interestingly, children less accurately labeled the same neutral, sad, and fearful faces, suggesting that, contrary to previous work showing enhanced attentional processing to threatening cues (i.e., fear), children higher in sensory reactivity may deploy more attentional resources when decoding ambiguous emotional cues.
Mindfulness‐Based Couple Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Winter Friederike , Steffan Antonia , Warth Marco , Ditzen Beate , Aguilar‐Raab Corina
Published: June 2021

Over the past decades, mindfulness‐based interventions have been shown to improve individual health and well‐being in clinical and nonclinical settings. More recently, secular contemplative trainings were adapted to the couple context as research showed satisfying couple relationships to be one of the strongest predictors of physical and mental health. Mindfulness‐based interventions hence seem to be a promising treatment in couple counseling and therapy in both clinical and nonclinical settings. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of the emerging literature in the field of mindfulness‐based interventions for couples and other dyads. Overall, sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. To summarize the heterogeneous quantitative literature regarding individual outcomes, mindfulness interventions for couples seem to increase mindfulness, self‐compassion, well‐being, and quality of life. Additionally, we found initial evidence of beneficial effects on relieving psychopathological symptoms and psychobiological stress measures. Measures of relationship quality were the predominant dyadic outcome. Based on these studies, we cautiously conclude that mindfulness trainings can enhance relationship quality. Practitioners should be aware that mindfulness‐based interventions for couples can potentially improve the perceived relationship quality between partners and the individual burden. Future studies should expand the field, particularly with regard to other contemplative practices for couples such as compassion interventions.
Unexpected hepatitis B virus transmission after liver transplant from nucleic acid testing‐ and serology‐negative liver donors who are hepatitis C viremic
Authors: Kreitman Kyle R. , Kothadia Jiten P. , Nair Satheesh P. , Maliakkal Benedict J.
Published: June 2021

The opioid epidemic has led to increased availability of organs for liver transplantation. The success of direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) has led to the acceptance of HCV viremic donor organs. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has led to increased detection of HCV and hepatitis B (HBV) in potential donors. A total of 36 patients underwent liver transplantation from donation after brain death donors who were HCV NAT‐positive, and three of them were diagnosed with HBV several months after. All three recipients received livers from HCV viremic donors who were negative for HBV by serology and NAT. Soon after liver transplantation, HCV was treated, and all achieved sustained virologic response. They became HBV DNA‐positive shortly thereafter. To date, there have been no reported cases of unexpected HBV transmission since universal donor NAT was implemented in 2013. We postulate that the inhibitory effect of HCV viremia on HBV may have prolonged the “NAT window period” in these donors beyond the 20–22 days quoted for solitary HBV infection. These cases highlight the need for more intensive and prolonged screening for HBV in recipients of livers from HCV viremic donors.
Assessing people with dementia participating in cognitive stimulation activities—A qualitative pilot video analysis exploring the importance of facilitating the participation
Authors: Thoft Diana Schack , Ottesen Anna Camilla , Jensen Anne Melchior , Ward Alison
Published: June 2021

Background

This pilot video analysis was part of a feasibility control study, which aimed to gain information about the size and variability of the changes in outcome measures to plan a substantive effect study. It compared a cognitive stimulation programme named Lifelong Learning with other existing dementia services.

Objective

The pilot video analysis explored how facilitation is performed, when assessing people with dementia with standardized measures, to ensure their participation in research.

Design

A test battery of five measures (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QoL‐AD), General Self‐Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Hawthorn Friendship Scale) was used. Each assessment was video‐recorded. The findings from a microanalysis of 10 videos are presented in this article.

Setting

The study involved 55 active participants with mild‐to‐moderate dementia in six municipalities in Northern Denmark.

Results

The identified themes related to supportive facilitation: Positive facilitator strategies; Creating a safe and comfortable environment; and to dilemmas in facilitation: Balancing multiple dilemmas and Balancing the MMSE test.

Discussion

Results are discussed in relation to using standardized measures.

Conclusion

The quality of facilitation when using standardized measures is of great importance as it may influence the participant, the assessment and the answers given. The facilitation role needs to be thoroughly planned and executed with ethical consideration to improve the participation of vulnerable groups in research and ensure a person‐centred approach.

Patient or public contribution

The identified measures were chosen based upon previous qualitative results and user‐involvement workshops with people with dementia.
A decision tree model for neuroimmune guidance of allergic immunity
Authors: Flayer Cameron H , Perner Caroline , Sokol Caroline L
Published: June 2021

The immune system defends the body from infectious and non‐infectious threats. Distinct recognition strategies have evolved to generate antigen‐specific immunity against pathogens or toxins versus antigen‐independent tissue repair. Structural recognition, or the sensing of conserved motifs, guides the immune response to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Functional recognition, which is sensing that is based on the activities of an input, guides antigen‐independent tissue healing and antigen‐specific Type 2 immunity to toxins, allergens, and helminth parasites. Damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from damaged and dying cells, permit functional recognition by immune cells. However, the DAMP paradigm alone does not explain how functional recognition can lead to such disparate immune responses, namely wound healing and Type 2 immunity. Recent work established that sensory neurons release neuropeptides in response to a variety of toxins and allergens. These neuropeptides act on local innate immune cells, stimulating or inhibiting their activities. By integrating our knowledge on DAMP function with new information on the role of neuropeptides in innate immune activation in Type 2 immunity, we describe a decision tree model of functional recognition. In this model, neuropeptides complement or antagonize DAMPs to guide the development of antigen‐specific Type 2 immunity through the activation of innate immune cells. We discuss why this decision tree system evolved and its implications to allergic diseases.
Youth suicide risk screening in an outpatient child abuse clinic
Authors: Ngai Margaret , Delaney Kathleen , Limandri Barbara , Dreves Kristin , Tipton Mary V. , Horowitz Lisa M.
Published: June 2021

Problem

Child abuse is an important independent risk factor for suicide. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the implementation of a universal suicide risk screening and assessment tool in an outpatient child abuse evaluation clinic.

Methods

Participants consisted of all patients between the ages of 10 and 18 years who received services at the study site within a 3‐month period (n = 162). The study site implemented a tool created for the sole purpose of detecting suicide risk, the Ask Suicide‐Screening Questions (ASQ) tool. Data was retrospectively collected using electronic health records; rates of compliance with screening and screen positive rates were calculated.

Findings

Suicide risk screening with the ASQ was conducted on 90.7% (147) of the patients. Forty‐three (29.2%) patients screened positive for suicide risk. This is a significant increase in detection rates compared to baseline preimplementation data. Of the 67 preteens, 10–12 years of age, that were screened, 14.9% (10/67) screened positive for suicide risk, making up 23% of the positive screens.

Conclusions

Implementing a universal suicide risk screening tool was a successful strategy for detecting suicide risk. A quarter of the youth who screened positive on the ASQ were preteens, highlighting the importance of screening the 10‐ to 12‐year olds for suicide risk.
Susceptibility‐guided versus empirical treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gingold‐Belfer Rachel , Niv Yaron , Schmilovitz‐Weiss Hemda , Levi Zohar , Boltin Doron
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim

Empirical therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection is limited by increasing antibiotic resistance and suboptimal eradication rates. Studies of the relative effectiveness of susceptibility‐guided therapy have produced conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether susceptibility‐guided therapy is superior to empirical therapy for H. pylori infection.

Methods

We searched articles listed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science through May 25, 2020, RCTs comparing susceptibility‐guided versus empirical therapy for H. pylori infection. Outcomes, including effectiveness and safety, were analyzed in a meta‐analysis.

Results

Our final analysis included 16 studies, comprising 2374 patients who received susceptibility‐guided therapy and 2451 patients who received empirical treatment. In previously untreated subjects, susceptibility‐guided therapy was slightly more effective than empirical therapy (intent to treat risk ratio [RR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.21; P < 0.0001, I2 = 75%). Susceptibility‐guided therapy was superior to first‐line clarithromycin‐based triple therapy only when clarithromycin resistance exceeded 20% (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.30; P = 0.001, I2 = 81%). Susceptibility‐guided therapy was not more effective than empirical quadruple therapy (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92–1.13; P = 0.759, I2 = 80%). Three RCTs were performed exclusively among previously treated subjects, and were highly heterogeneous.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that susceptibility‐guided treatment may be slightly superior to empirical first line triple therapy. Susceptibility‐ guided treatment does not appear to be superior to empirical first‐line quadruple therapy or empirical rescue therapy.
Visual trajectories and risk of physical and cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults
Authors: Cao Guiying , Wang Kaipeng , Han Ling , Zhang Qin , Yao Shanshan , Chen Zishuo , Huang Ziting , Luo Yan , Hu Yonghua , Xu Beibei
Published: June 2021

Background/Objectives

To identify visual trajectories and examine their relationships with physical and cognitive function in older Chinese adults.

Design

Population‐based longitudinal study.

Setting

The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Participants

A total of 16,151 participants aged ≥65 years.

Measurements

Visual, physical (including activities of daily living [ADL] and instrumental ADL [IADL]), and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 3 years. ADI disability and IADL disability were defined as needing any help in any item of the Katz scale and a modified Lawton's scale, respectively. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination score below 24. A group‐based trajectory model was used to determine visual trajectories adjusted for age, sex, and education. Associations of visual trajectories with ADL disability, IADL disability, and cognitive impairment were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

This study identified three distinct visual trajectories, including no decline (32.4%), moderate decline (48.3%), and progressive decline (19.3%) during the follow‐up period. Compared with the no decline trajectory, both the moderate decline (ADL disability: OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.30–3.28; IADL disability: OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.74–3.31; cognitive impairment: OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 3.02–3.76) and the progressive decline (ADL disability: OR = 8.50, 95% CI: 6.55–11.02; IADL disability: OR = 12.96, 95% CI: 9.95–16.87; cognitive impairment: OR = 10.84, 95% CI: 8.89–13.23) trajectories were significantly associated with an increased risk of functional impairment. Compared with the moderate decline trajectory, the progressive decline trajectory was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADL disability (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.46–3.89), IADL disability (OR = 4.30, 95% CI: 3.29–5.61), and cognitive impairment (OR = 3.22, 95% CI:2.63–3.93).

Conclusion

Older Chinese adults exhibit three distinct visual trajectories and those with decline trajectories in vision have an increased risk of functional impairment than those with a trajectory of no decline in vision.
Plant transfer RNA‐derived fragments: Biogenesis and functions
Authors: Ma Xuan , Liu Chunyan , Cao Xiaofeng
Published: June 2021

Processing of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) produces complex populations of tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs). Emerging evidence shows that tRFs have important functions in bacteria, animals, and plants. Here, we review recent advances in understanding plant tRFs, focusing on their biological and cellular functions, such as regulating stress responses, mediating plant–pathogen interactions, and modulating post‐transcriptional gene silencing and translation. We also review sequencing strategies and bioinformatics resources for studying tRFs in plants. Finally, we discuss future directions for plant tRF research, which will expand our knowledge of plant non‐coding RNAs.
Diagnosis and treatment of a poorly differentiated carcinoma in a male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)—A case study
Authors: Cloutier Barbour Christina , Vazquez Katherine , Hammond Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

This study reports the occurrence of a poorly differentiated carcinoma in a captive‐born 28 year‐old male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) who has a familial history of cancer. Pathological findings, surgical interventions, and experimental treatments are discussed.
Graduate nurse views on patient safety: Navigating challenging workplace interactions with senior clinical nurses
Authors: Sahay Ashlyn , Willis Eileen
Published: June 2021

Aim and objective

To explore and understand the negative experiences of graduate nurses’ interaction with senior nurses and the implications for safe patient care.

Background

Patient safety is dependent on the nursing care they receive. Working in environments where there is reduced collegial support and increased emotional distress, increases the likelihood of nurses making errors that may negatively impact on patient outcomes. Insights drawn from graduate nurses’ negative interactions with senior nurses may provide an understanding of the impact of nurse‐to‐nurse interactions on patient safety outcomes.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used. A purposive sample of 18 graduate registered nurses participated in this study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analysed. The COREQ checklist was followed.

Results

The overarching theme, ‘Navigating workplace challenges’ was identified with two sub‐themes: Processing unsupportive nurse behaviour and responding to nurse deviations from best practice. Common deviations in practice included erosion of safe medication practice, wound care and non‐compliance with universal precautions. Graduate nurses also observed unsafe workplace practice, however, were hesitant to speak up due to fear of retribution. Unsupportive behaviours impacted on their critical thinking ability, follow‐up interactions with other nurses and subsequent delivery of patient care.

Conclusion

Quality and safety strategies should not ignore and/or overlook the impact of interpersonal relationships on patient safety and risk. Strategies for delivering evidence‐based, safe and quality care to patients go beyond the establishment of standards and technically focussed management strategies.

Relevance to clinical practice

It is vital to examine the quality of working relationships between all levels of healthcare professionals including graduate nurses and their supervisors to ensure supportive behaviours prevail in advancing delivery of quality care within the practice environment. The study alludes to the fact that disruptive workplace behaviours are more hierarchical than horizontal (i.e., graduate nurse‐to‐graduate nurse).
Patients’ and healthcare professionals’ views on a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation programme (SOLACE) for lung cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Collaço Nicole , Henshall Catherine , Belcher Elizabeth , Canavan Jane , Merriman Charlotte , Mitchell Jenny , Watson Eila
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives

To explore patients’ and healthcare professionals’ views and experiences of a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation intervention (SOLACE), for patients undergoing surgery for early‐stage lung cancer.

Background

Considerable post‐operative complications can occur after surgery. A specialist lung cancer service (SOLACE) was developed to optimise health and fitness levels prior to and following lung cancer resections, as well as reducing morbidity and mortality, and improving the physical and psychological well‐being of patients.

Design

The design was an exploratory, descriptive qualitative interview study.

Methods

Seventeen lung cancer patients and eight healthcare professionals were recruited from a large teaching hospital in South England. Data were collected through semi‐structured telephone and face‐to‐face interviews. Transcribed interview data were analysed thematically. The COREQ checklist was used to report on the study process.

Results

The SOLACE service was positively perceived by patients and healthcare professionals. Patients valued the provision of tailored support/advice and peer support and reported benefits to their health and well‐being. Barriers to patient uptake of the classes included time constraints, motivation and access for patients who lived at a distance.

Conclusions

There is benefit in providing a personalised approach through a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation service for lung cancer patients. Virtual support may address equality of access to service for those who live at a distance from the hospital.

Relevance to clinical practice

Introduction of a pre‐ and post‐operative rehabilitation service provided by specialist peri‐operative rehabilitation nurses and practitioners can yield positive outcomes for patients undergoing surgical treatment of early‐stage lung cancer. Engagement of key healthcare professionals, consideration of virtual follow‐up services and making patients aware of services could maximise patient uptake. Further consideration is needed of the best way to promote patient self‐management and long‐term continuation of patient rehabilitation in the community.
Giving midwives a voice – Qualitative perspectives of an ‘empowering decision‐making workshop’
Authors: Jefford Elaine , Nolan Samantha , Jomeen Julie , Maier Belinda
Published: June 2021

Aim/objective

To establish midwives’ perceptions of the value of workshops designed to empower their decision‐making and leadership skills using validated midwifery clinical reasoning frameworks and appreciative inquiry methods.

Background

The medical lens of childbirth can disempower women and midwives. Midwives often face challenges navigating their role as autonomous practitioners and advocates for shared decision‐making, particularly when there is tension between women's wishes, governance frameworks and organisational requirements. This can lead to ‘Midwifery Abdication’ and/or the midwifery voice being silenced.

Design/Methods

Appreciative inquiry, involving qualitative analysis of 31 midwives’ personal reflections during ‘Empowering Midwives’ Decision‐Making’ workshops. Standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR criteria) guided the preparation of this manuscript.

Results

Decision‐making tools and ‘appreciative’ strategies can strengthen leadership attributes, enhance feelings of empowerment and deepen understanding. Reflecting on ‘Midwifery Abdication’ was perceived as confronting. Workshop activities offered understanding the reasons why ‘Midwifery Abdication’ may or may not occur. One overarching, key theme was identified: ‘Finding my midwifery voice’. This theme encompassed three sub‐themes: ‘I am not alone’, ‘Using leadership to promote collaboration to effect change’ and ‘An onward journey of enlightenment and empowerment’.

Conclusion

Midwives need to find their voice and develop skills in both clinical reasoning and transformative reflection. Workshops, using Appreciative Inquiry approaches, that focused on reflection, clinical decision‐making and ‘Midwifery Abdication’, facilitate this and may create feelings of reunification in midwives and rejuvenate inherent passion for the profession.

Relevance to clinical practice

Sharing feelings around providing care in the often‐contested space that is advocating for women using midwifery philosophy may provide relief from moral distress and a sense of shared identity desperately sought after by midwives struggling to navigate the increasingly complex terrain of maternity care. Findings encourage the need for further discussions around strengthening midwifery leadership which may be achievable using Appreciative Inquiry frameworks and approaches.
Differential relationship between dietary fat and cholesterol on total mortality in Korean population cohorts
Authors: Kwon Yu‐Jin , Hyun Dae Sung , Koh Sang‑Baek , Lee Ji‑Won
Published: June 2021

Background

Associations among dietary fat, cholesterol intake and total mortality remain controversial, and most available data cover Western populations. The aim of this study was to assess associations for dietary fat and cholesterol in relation to total mortality in Koreans.

Methods

This study used data from three prospective Korean Genome and Epidemiology studies (conducted between June 2001 and December 2013). A total of 194,295 middle‐aged and older Korean adults were included. Dietary fat intake was classified into quintiles. Dietary cholesterol intake was categorized into three groups based on cholesterol intake as follows: <200 mg, 200–299 mg and ≥300 mg. A multivariable Cox frailty model with random effects was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for confounders.

Results

We documented 3866 deaths across a mean (min–max) follow‐up period of 8.15 years (3–13 years). Higher fat intake was associated with lower total mortality (Q5 vs. Q1, HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.69, 0.98]; p trend < 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, exercise and total calorie and protein (%) intake. Higher dietary cholesterol intake (≥300 mg/day) was associated with a higher risk of total mortality (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.04, 1.37]) than lower cholesterol intake (<200 mg/day) in the multivariate model.

Conclusions

In Koreans, high dietary fat intake is associated with a lower risk of total mortality, while dietary cholesterol intake above 300 mg/day is associated with a higher risk of total mortality.
Functional and morphological correlates of developmental dyslexia: A multimodal investigation of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex
Authors: Borghesani Valentina , Wang Cheng , Watson Christa , Bouhali Florence , Caverzasi Eduardo , Battistella Giovanni , Bogley Rian , Yabut Nicole A. , Deleon Jessica , Miller Zachary A. , Hoeft Fumiko , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose

The ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is a region crucial for reading acquisition through selective tuning to printed words. Developmental dyslexia is a disorder of reading with underlying neurobiological bases often associated with atypical neural responses to printed words. Previous studies have discovered anomalous structural development and function of the vOT in individuals with dyslexia. However, it remains unclear if or how structural abnormalities relate to functional alterations.

Methods

In this study, we acquired structural, functional (words and faces processing), and diffusion MRI data from 26 children with dyslexia (average age = 10.4 ± 2.0 years) and 14 age‐matched typically developing readers (average age = 10.4 ± 1.6 years). Morphological indices of local gyrification, neurite density (i.e., dendritic arborization structure), and orientation dispersion (i.e., dendritic arborization orientation) were analyzed within the vOT region that showed preferential activation in typically developing readers for words (as compared to face stimuli).

Results

The two cohorts diverged significantly in both functional and structural measures. Compared to typically developing controls, children with dyslexia did not show selectivity for words in the left vOT (contrast: words > false fonts). This lack of tuning to printed words was associated with greater neurite dispersion heterogeneity in the dyslexia cohort, but similar neurite density. These group differences were not present in the homologous contralateral area, the right vOT.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of the lack of vOT word tuning in dyslexia by linking behavior, alterations in functional activation, and neurite organization.
Legal socialization during adolescence: The emerging role of school resource officers
Authors: Granot Yael , Tyler Tom R. , Durkin Allison
Published: June 2021

Adolescence and later childhood are critical periods for developing attitudes toward legal authorities, a process known as legal socialization. Traditionally, scholars have understood contact with local police officers and experiences with the juvenile justice system to drive legal socialization. These interactions, and in particular how fair they are perceived to be, influence long‐term views about the legitimacy of the legal system and future criminal behavior. In recent years, however, the potential for adolescent contact with police has increased exponentially through their presence in a new context: schools. In a survey of high schoolers, we explored how school‐based police, school resource officers (SROs), function as an emerging nexus of legal socialization. We found that SROs’ influence extends beyond school grounds: the more procedurally just students perceived SROs to be, the more they were willing to follow their directives and to obey police outside of school. Further, procedural justice perceptions of SROs were correlated with school climate outcomes, including self‐reported academic success, anxiety, and identification with the school community. Our results speak to the connection between legal socialization and other developmental processes like community engagement and support expanding robust theories of legal socialization to consider arenas that intermingle legal and non‐legal authority.
A novel bone marrow‐sparing treatment for primary erythrocytosis in a cat: Onion powder
Authors: Vasilatis Demitria M. , McGill Jennifer E. , Gilor Chen
Published: June 2021

Primary erythrocytosis (PE) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm in cats resulting in the overproduction of erythrocytes. Current treatment modalities include repeated phlebotomy and chemotherapeutic drugs. These treatments may not be well tolerated by the cat and can present safety and financial challenges to owners. Because of the rarity of PE, prospective studies for new treatment options are difficult to perform. This case report describes the novel use of onion powder in an attempt to produce Heinz body‐induced erythrocyte destruction in order to decrease total erythrocyte mass and normalize the hematocrit in a cat with PE. To our knowledge, the use of onion powder in the treatment of PE in cats has never been described before and may have potential as a safe, low‐cost, and highly accessible alternative treatment for this rare disease.
Evaluation of compounded trilostane packets for dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Nam Sookin , Kim Tae‐won , Song Kun‐ho , Feldman Edward C. , Seo Kyoung‐won
Published: June 2021

Background

Dogs treated for naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (NOH) in Korea often appear to require higher doses of trilostane than recommended by authors in the United States, Europe, or the United Kingdom. This phenomenon may be related to compounding trilostane into packets, which is a common practice among veterinary clinics in Korea.

Objective

Analyze packets filled by hand and others filled using a semi‐automatic packing device for accuracy of trilostane strength.

Animals

Medication packets prepared for 3 dogs with preexisting prescriptions for NOH were analyzed.

Method

A trilostane assay was developed for analysis. Trilostane (Vetoryl) capsules were used as clinical controls. Forty‐four medication packets containing trilostane (Vetoryl), prepared by 3 clinicians for 3 dogs with NOH were analyzed.

Results

Of 44 trilostane‐containing packets, only 40.9% (18 packets) had acceptable strength of trilostane.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clinicians should be aware that compounding trilostane into packets fails to consistently provide measured amounts of trilostane, potentially interfering with response to treatment for NOH in dogs.
Effects of dietary fermentation products of kitchen waste on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemistry in juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratusgibelio) var.CAS III
Authors: Ao Huiling , Jiang Jiapeng , Liu Lihe , Liu Yang , Hu Bing , Chen Yubo
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermentation products of kitchen waste (FPKW) on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, and serum biochemistry for juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp “CAS III.” A total of 540 fish (7.47 ± 0.20 g/fish) were distributed among 18 aquariums at a density of 30 fish per tank in a completely randomized design (triplicated) and were fed diets containing 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 30% FPKW for 60 days. The results showed the weight gain rate (WGR) of fish varied quadratically with FPKW, and the WGRmax was observed when FPKW supplementation was 11.13%. Compared to the control group, the protease and lipase activities in midgut and hepatopancreas increased significantly when FPKW was 12%. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in 30% FPKW group were significantly lower than other groups. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly higher than other groups when FPKW was 30%. The histological examination of hepatopancreas, midgut, and kidney of fish was consistent with the growth and digestive capacity. In conclusion, there were positive effects on fish when FPKW was less than 12%.
Eyewitness testimony and epistemic agency
Authors: Lackey Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Eyewitness testimony is a powerful form of evidence, and this is especially true in the United States criminal legal system. At the same time, eyewitness misidentification is the greatest contributing factor to wrongful convictions proven by DNA testing. In this paper, I offer a close examination of this tension between the enormous epistemic weight that eyewitness testimony is afforded in the United States criminal legal system and the fact that there are important questions about its reliability as a source of evidence. In Sections 1 and 2, I argue that lineups and interrogations often function by way of extracting testimony from an eyewitness through practices that are manipulative, deceptive, or coercive. I then show, in Section 3, that when testimony that is extracted in these ways is given an unwarranted excess of credibility, the eyewitness in question is the victim of what I call agential testimonial injustice. I conclude that since much of the testimony of eyewitnesses is both extracted and given an excess of credibility, there is a fairly widespread form of epistemic injustice being inflicted upon testifiers in the United States criminal legal system. This calls for reforms along both dimensions—lineups and interrogations should go through a witness's epistemic agency, rather than bypassing, exploiting, or undermining it, and the weight of the resulting testimony should be viewed in the broader context of its significant fallibility.
Host age and surrounding vegetation affect the community and colonization rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate grassland
Authors: Šmilauer Petr , Košnar Jiří , Kotilínek Milan , Pecháčková Sylvie , Šmilauerová Marie
Published: June 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts for the majority of terrestrial vascular plants, yet the drivers of the compositional variation in AMF communities need to be better understood. What effects does the ontogenetic stage of host plants have and do these effects differ between plant functional groups? Are the AMF communities modified by the properties of surrounding vegetation, such as the proportion of different functional groups or nonmycorrhizal plants ?

We addressed these questions in a temperate grassland and studied AMF communities using next‐generation sequencing and light microscopy, evaluating their composition, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, functional traits and root colonization levels.

We found important differences between AMF communities and their diversity between seedlings and adults which are larger than the differences among host species or between functional groups. The proportion of nonmycorrhizal plants in the surrounding affected AMF community composition and increased its richness.

Our results highlight the need for further investigating the existence of a common mycelial networks. The decision to use seedlings for experimental work can affect the results more than the chosen host species.
Temporal consistency in interactions among birds, ants, and plants in a neotropical savanna
Authors: Campagnoli Mariana L. , Christianini Alexander V.
Published: June 2021

Interactions among animals and plants are key to understanding seed dispersal, plant regeneration and plant community patterns. These interactions can be dynamic, with changes of species and functional roles across space and time. Despite fluctuations in species abundances and resources over time being the rule in natural communities, most studies approach plant–frugivore interactions as temporally static. We documented changes in bird and ant species in interactions with plants producing carbohydrate‐ (Miconia rubiginosa) or lipid‐rich diaspores (Xylopia aromatica) comparing two fruiting seasons 15 years apart in a savanna in southeastern Brazil. We tested if abundance and body size of dispersal vectors (birds and ants) affected the frequency of interactions and the quantitative effectiveness of seed dispersal (QTC). Rich bird (26 species) and ant (18 genera) assemblages interacted with the diaspores. A core of bird and ant taxa was temporally consistent, and responsible for most seed removal across the two years for both plants. Temporal transience was more common for sporadic partners of interactions, and for species with similar functional roles. Abundance and body size of birds affected the interspecific contributions to QTC. Large‐bodied birds dispersed large quantities of seeds of our relatively small‐seeded plants, even if their visits were sporadic. For ants, variations in temperature and rainfall across time seems more important in driving variations in the contributions to QTC. The combined effect of birds and ants in the same system helps to stabilize the temporal fluctuations in the amount of seeds dispersed. However, ants alone are unlikely to replace the functional roles of vertebrate dispersers. Even though species in the assemblage change either their quantitative contribution to seed dispersal or their presence or absence in the interaction network, species persisting in interaction over time are the most important quantitative partners for plants.