bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fbxo3-Dependent Fbxl2 Ubiquitination Mediates Neuropathic Allodynia through the TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 Cascade
Authors: Lin Tzer-Bin , Hsieh Ming-Chun , Lai Cheng-Yuan , Cheng Jen-Kun , Chau Yat-Pang , Ruan Ting , Chen Gin-Den , Peng Hsien-Yu
Published: December 2015

Emerging evidence has indicated that the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is mediated by spinal neural plasticity in the dorsal horn, which provides insight for analgesic therapy. Here, we report that the abundance of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 and NcK-interacting kinase (TNIK), a kinase that is presumed to regulate neural plasticity, was specifically enhanced in ipsilateral dorsal horn neurons after spinal nerve ligation (SNL; left L5 and L6). Spinal TNIK-associated allodynia is mediated by downstream TNIK–GluR1 coupling and the subsequent phosphorylation-dependent trafficking of GluR1 toward the plasma membrane in dorsal horn neurons. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), which is regulated by spinal F-box protein 3 (Fbxo3)-dependent F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 (Fbxl2) ubiquitination, contributes to SNL-induced allodynia by modifying TNIK/GluR1 phosphorylation-associated GluR1 trafficking. Although exhibiting no effect on Fbxo3/Fbxl2/TRAF2 signaling, focal knockdown of spinal TNIK expression prevented SNL-induced allodynia by attenuating TNIK/GluR1 phosphorylation-dependent subcellular GluR1 redistribution. In contrast, intrathecal administration of BC-1215 (N1,N2-Bis[[4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl]methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) (a novel Fbxo3 inhibitor) prevented SNL-induced Fbxl2 ubiquitination and subsequent TFAF2 de-ubiquitination to ameliorate behavioral allodynia via antagonizing TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 signaling. By targeting spinal Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination and the subsequent TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 cascade, spinal application of a TNF-α-neutralizing antibody ameliorated SNL-induced allodynia, and, conversely, intrathecal TNF-α injection into naive rats induced allodynia via a spinal Fbxo3/Fbxl2-dependent modification of the TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 cascade. Together, our results suggest that spinal TNF-α contributes to the development of neuropathic pain by upregulating TRAF2/TNIK/GluR1 signaling via Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, we propose a potential medical treatment strategy for neuropathic pain by targeting the F-box protein or TNIK.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTNF-α participates in neuropathic pain development by facilitating the spinal TRAF2-dependent TNIK–GluR1 association, which drives GluR1-containing AMPA receptor trafficking toward the plasma membrane. In addition, F-box protein 3 modifies this pathway by inhibiting F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2-mediated TRAF2 ubiquitination, suggesting that protein ubiquitination contributes crucially to the development of neuropathic pain. These results provide a novel therapeutic strategy for pain relief.
Longitudinal plasma metanephrines preceding pheochromocytoma diagnosis: a retrospective case–control serum repository study
Authors: Olson S W , Yoon S , Baker T , Prince L K , Oliver D , Abbott K C
Published: December 2015

Objective

Plasma metanephrines (PMN) are highly sensitive for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, but the natural history of PMN before pheochromocytoma diagnosis has not been previously described. The aim of the study was to compare the progression of PMN before pheochromocytoma diagnosis to matched healthy and essential hypertension disease controls.

Design

A retrospective case–control Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) study.

Methods

We performed a DoDSR study that compared three longitudinal pre-diagnostic PMN for 30 biopsy-proven pheochromocytoma cases to three longitudinal PMN for age, sex, race, and age of serum sample matched healthy and essential hypertension disease controls. Predominant metanephrine (MN) or normetanephrine (NMN) production was identified for each case and converted to a percentage of the upper limit of normal to allow analysis of all cases together. PMN were measured by Quest Diagnostics.

Results

The predominant plasma metanephrine (PPM) was >100 and 300% of the upper limit of normal a median of 6.6 and 4.1 years before diagnosis respectively. A greater percentage of pheochromocytoma patients had a PPM >100 and >300% of the upper limit of normal compared with combined healthy and essential hypertension disease controls <2, 2–8, and >8 years prior to diagnosis. For patients with a baseline PPM 90–300% of the upper limit of normal, a 25% rate of rise per year was 100% specific for pheochromocytoma.

Conclusions

PPMs elevate years before diagnosis which suggests that delayed diagnoses are common. For mild PMN elevations, follow-up longitudinal PMN trends may provide a highly specific and economical diagnostic tool.
Neuroendocrine tumors producing calcitonin: characteristics, prognosis and potential interest of calcitonin monitoring during follow-up
Authors: Nozières Cécile , Chardon Laurence , Goichot Bernard , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Hervieu Valérie , Chikh Karim , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Walter Thomas
Published: December 2015

Objectives

Inappropriate calcitonin (CT) release, a major feature of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), may occur in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aims of this retrospective study were to assess i) the characteristics and prognosis of CT-producing NETs, and ii) the value of CT monitoring during follow-up.

Methods

All patients with NETs in whom serum CT was assayed between 2010 and 2012 were included. MTCs were excluded. Clinical, biological, and histological characteristics were studied.

Results

Twenty-one (12%) of 176 patients in whom serum CT was systematically assayed had concentrations >100 ng/l, with tumours predominantly of bronchial or pancreatic origin (P<0.0001), and of high grade (P=0.0006). Poor prognosis was linked to high CT levels, poor differentiation, and grade 3. In a total group of 24 patients with serum CT >100 ng/l, symptoms potentially attributable to CT were recorded in eight, with occasional overlap with the carcinoid syndrome among other secretory syndromes. Immunohistochemistry could be performed in six tumor specimens, CT being detected in five. In 11 patients with five or more successive CT assays, hormone levels were fairly well correlated with clinical courses.

Conclusion

Serum CT levels may be raised in some patients with NETs, especially from foregut origin, and of high grade. The suggested value of CT monitoring during follow-up must be confirmed in further studies.
Association of mitotane with chylomicrons and serum lipoproteins: practical implications for treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Kroiss Matthias , Plonné Dietmar , Kendl Sabine , Schirmer Diana , Ronchi Cristina L , Schirbel Andreas , Zink Martina , Lapa Constantin , Klinker Hartwig , Fassnacht Martin , Heinz Werner , Sbiera Silviu
Published: December 2015

Objective

Oral mitotane (o,p′-DDD) is a cornerstone of medical treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).

Aim

Serum mitotane concentrations >14 mg/l are targeted for improved efficacy but not achieved in about half of patients. Here we aimed at a better understanding of intestinal absorption and lipoprotein association of mitotane and metabolites o,p′-dichlorodiphenylacetic acid (o,p′-DDA) and o,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p′-DDE).

Design

Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the chyle of a 29-year-old patient and serum from additional 14 ACC patients treated with mitotane. HPLC was applied for quantification of mitotane and metabolites. We assessed NCI–H295 cell viability, cortisol production, and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker genes to study the functional consequences of mitotane binding to lipoproteins.

Results

Chyle of the index patient contained 197 mg/ml mitotane, 53 mg/ml o,p′-DDA, and 51 mg/l o,p′-DDE. Of the total mitotane in serum, lipoprotein fractions contained 21.7±21.4% (VLDL), 1.9±0.8% (IDL), 8.9±5.5% (LDL1), 18.9±9.6% (LDL2), 10.1±4.0% (LDL3), and 26.3±13.0% (HDL2). Only 12.3±5.5% were in the lipoprotein-depleted fraction.

Discussion

Mitotane content of lipoproteins directly correlated with their triglyceride and cholesterol content. O,p′-DDE was similarly distributed, but 87.9±4.2% of o,p′-DDA found in the HDL2 and lipoprotein-depleted fractions. Binding of mitotane to human lipoproteins blunted its anti-proliferative and anti-hormonal effects on NCI–H295 cells and reduced ER stress marker gene expression.

Conclusion

Mitotane absorption involves chylomicron binding. High concentrations of o,p′-DDA and o,p′-DDE in chyle suggest intestinal mitotane metabolism. In serum, the majority of mitotane is bound to lipoproteins. In vitro, lipoprotein binding inhibits activity of mitotane suggesting that lipoprotein-free mitotane is the therapeutically active fraction.
GHRH excess and blockade in X-LAG syndrome
Authors: Daly Adrian F , Lysy Philippe A , Desfilles Céline , Rostomyan Liliya , Mohamed Amira , Caberg Jean-Hubert , Raverot Veronique , Castermans Emilie , Marbaix Etienne , Maiter Dominique , Brunelle Chloe , Trivellin Giampaolo , Stratakis Constantine A , Bours Vincent , Raftopoulos Christian , Beauloye Veronique , Barlier Anne , Beckers Albert
Published: December 2015

X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG) syndrome is a newly described form of inheritable pituitary gigantism that begins in early childhood and is usually associated with markedly elevated GH and prolactin secretion by mixed pituitary adenomas/hyperplasia. Microduplications on chromosome Xq26.3 including the GPR101 gene cause X-LAG syndrome. In individual cases random GHRH levels have been elevated. We performed a series of hormonal profiles in a young female sporadic X-LAG syndrome patient and subsequently undertook in vitro studies of primary pituitary tumor culture following neurosurgical resection. The patient demonstrated consistently elevated circulating GHRH levels throughout preoperative testing, which was accompanied by marked GH and prolactin hypersecretion; GH demonstrated a paradoxical increase following TRH administration. In vitro, the pituitary cells showed baseline GH and prolactin release that was further stimulated by GHRH administration. Co-incubation with GHRH and the GHRH receptor antagonist, acetyl-(d-Arg2)-GHRH (1-29) amide, blocked the GHRH-induced GH stimulation; the GHRH receptor antagonist alone significantly reduced GH release. Pasireotide, but not octreotide, inhibited GH secretion. A ghrelin receptor agonist and an inverse agonist led to modest, statistically significant increases and decreases in GH secretion, respectively. GHRH hypersecretion can accompany the pituitary abnormalities seen in X-LAG syndrome. These data suggest that the pathology of X-LAG syndrome may include hypothalamic dysregulation of GHRH secretion, which is in keeping with localization of GPR101 in the hypothalamus. Therapeutic blockade of GHRH secretion could represent a way to target the marked hormonal hypersecretion and overgrowth that characterizes X-LAG syndrome.
60 YEARS OF POMC: POMC: an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Navarro Sandra , Soletto Lucia , Puchol Sara , Rotllant Josep , Soengas Jose Luis , Cerdá-Reverter Jose Miguel
Published: December 2015

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a complex precursor that comprises several peptidic hormones, including melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and β-endorphin. POMC belongs to the opioid/orphanin gene family, whose precursors include either opioid (YGGF) or the orphanin/nociceptin core sequences (FGGF). This gene family diversified during early tetraploidizations of the vertebrate genome to generate four different precursors: proenkephalin (PENK), prodynorphin (PDYN), and nociceptin/proorphanin (PNOC) as well as POMC, although both PNOC and POMC seem to have arisen due to a local duplication event. POMC underwent complex evolutionary processes, including internal tandem duplications and putative coevolutionary events. Controversial and conflicting hypotheses have emerged concerning the sequenced genomes. In this article, we summarize the different evolutionary hypotheses proposed for POMC evolution.
Measuring devices set for determining height differences in construction works
Authors: Ćmielewski Bartłomiej , Ćmielewski Kazimierz , Gołuch Piotr , Kuchmister Janusz , Wilczyńska Izabela
Published: December 2015

During construction and maintenance of buildings it is necessary to transfer the height from the
ground level to each floor. The transfer is realized by various methods, e.g. by geometric levelling, geometric levelling with the use of geodetic measuring tape, or by trigonometric levelling.
The authors developed and made a set of measuring devices consisting of a benchmark table and
plane mirrors enabling the transfer of height with the use of an electronic total station equipped
with an option of measuring distance without using reflector prisms.
The paper presents the results of experimental studies carried out within the building of The
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, with the use of the proposed measuring devices set.
The research work was based on functional and accuracy analysis and the analysis of the time
of height transfer made by means of the studied measuring devices and was compared with the
measurement results obtained by a precision level Leica DNA03.
Financial instruments of the cohesion policy in the development of regional spatial information systems in poland — the experiences of the first ten years of poland’s membership in the eu
Authors: Gontarska Anna
Published: December 2015

For 10 years Poland, as a member of the European Union, has been implementing the EU’s cohesion policy aimed at reducing the disparities in the social, economic and spatial development.
The article is an analysis of the importance of cohesion policy instruments in the development
of regional spatial information systems in Poland during the first 10 years of its membership
in the EU. The identification of regions which capitalized on the opportunity given by the EU
is provided and the level and structure of the EU funds used for that purpose are described. In
conclusion, the effectiveness of activities related to the implementation of the cohesion policy,
in the context of the development of Regional Information Systems in Poland, was confirmed.
The influence of recording of long-series images taken from non-metric cameras on increasing the quality of modelling objects with their surroundins
Authors: Jankowicz Bogdan
Published: December 2015

The diversity of methods used both by acquiring data images and later in the creation of a 3D
model of an object, gives an opportunity to choose the best possible technique and processing
method. It is not always necessary to use the most expensive solutions.
In the terrain analysis and local landscape assessment the use of the modelling method, based
on recording of series images taken by non-metric cameras, seems optimal, and is economically
attractive.
The description and comparative analysis of chosen tools automatizing the process of creating interactive maps of spatial objects
Authors: Król Karol
Published: December 2015

Spatial data services play an increasing role in the exchange of information. !e universal use
of databases and digital cartographic resources has become possible thanks to the accessibility
of computer tools and techniques, which until recently were reserved for small group of professional users.
!e goal of the study is a characteristic and comparative analysis of some tools of automatizing
the creation process of personalized, interactive digital maps. !e chosen web applications offered by some web mapping services have been tested.
!e analysis showed that the tested tools are relatively easy to use and do not require a specialist
knowledge about geoinformatics. However their limited functionality means that only simple
maps with numerous limitations can be created.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Advanced Penile Carcinoma Suggests a High Frequency of Clinically Relevant Genomic Alterations
Authors: Ali Siraj M. , Pal Sumanta K. , Wang Kai , Palma Norma A. , Sanford Eric , Bailey Mark , He Jie , Elvin Julia A. , Chmielecki Juliann , Squillace Rachel , Dow Edward , Morosini Deborah , Buell Jamie , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Frampton Garrett M. , Howley Peter , Ross Jeffrey S. , Stephens Philip J. , Miller Vincent A.
Published: December 2015

Background.

Advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is associated with poor survival due to the aggressiveness of the disease and lack of effective systemic therapies. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed to identify clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs).

Materials and Methods.

DNA was extracted from 40 μm of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections in patients with advanced PSCC. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 692× for 3,769 exons of 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. CRGAs were defined as genomic alterations (GAs) linked to targeted therapies on the market or under evaluation in mechanism-driven clinical trials.

Results.

Twenty male patients with a median age of 60 years (range, 46–87 years) were assessed. Seventeen (85%) cases were stage IV and three cases (15%) were stage III. CGP revealed 109 GAs (5.45 per tumor), 44 of which were CRGAs (2.2 per tumor). At least one CRGA was detected in 19 (95%) cases, and the most common CRGAs were CDKN2A point mutations and homozygous deletion (40%), NOTCH1 point mutations and rearrangements (25%), PIK3CA point mutations and amplification (25%), EGFR amplification (20%), CCND1 amplification (20%), BRCA2 insertions/deletions (10%), RICTOR amplifications (10%), and FBXW7 point mutations (10%).

Conclusion.

CGP identified CRGAs in patients with advanced PSCC, including EGFR amplification and PIK3CA alterations, which can lead to the rational administration of targeted therapy and subsequent benefit for these patients.
Hybrid aortic arch debranching and endovascular aneurysm repair for a thoracic aortic aneurysm impending rupture
Authors: P Rajendra Kumar , N Sreedhar Reddy , Md Sadiq Azam , Kumar Vasanth
Published: December 2015

An aortic aneurysm (AA) is an increase in diameter of at least 50% greater than expected for the same aortic segment in unaffected individuals of the same age and sex. It may be asymptomatic except when ruptured or impending rupture. When ruptured it is a life threatening emergency with a significant mortality. On presentation most thoracic AA are incidental findings found on routine work up for other causes or may present with vague back pain. We present one such case in whom a thoracic AA was incidentally detected during routine preoperative workup for squamous cell CA of the tongue. As the thoracic AA was impending rupture and the patient carried a high perioperative mortality risk with conventional aortic surgery, the patient was managed by the heart team with a hybrid technique involving an initial arch debranching surgery followed by endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of the AA using three overlapping stent grafts. Keywords: aortic aneurysm; EVAR; hybrid debranching; thoracic aortic aneurysm
Development of eating behavior: the way from infancy to adolescence. Review of foreign studies
Authors: Durneva M.Y.
Published: December 2015

Studies examining development of eating behavior in different age groups are reviewed. Determinants of disordered eating attitudes from infancy to adolescent are particularly examined. Family environment and social context are general factors. Knowledge, attitudes and food preferences are individual factors. Eating habits in infancy, early childhood and preschool period related to parent’s eating attitudes; peers and social context are dominant in school period and adolescents. The most effective strategy is to prevent disordered eating attitudes in early childhood. Restriction and pressure are not effective strategies in developing healthy eating.
Jubilee of N.M. Iovchuk
Authors: Shcherbakova A.M.
Published: December 2015

July 3, 2015 Nina Mikhailovna Iovchuk – Professor, Doctor of Medicine, a certified psychiatrist of highest category celebrated its anniversary.
Dominando a imagem: funções da pintura na narrativa
Authors: Bertho Sophie
Published: December 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar as referências ao pictural na literatura e, especialmente, definir as funções da presença do quadro de pintura na narrativa. Com base na obra de Marcel Proust, À la Recherche du temps perdu, são analisadas as referências à pintura para se definir quatro tipos de função: psicológica, retórica, estrutural e ontológica, que são exemplificadas com excertos de Proust e comparadas a outras obras da literatura francesa. Conclui-se que as diferentes funções que a referência ao pictural exerce em um romance se distinguem por operarem no nível da recepção ou da produção, sendo que a função ontológica, a mais complexa, ultrapassa essa distinção e atinge o metadiscurso, revelando em uma outra arte, a pintura, a essência da arte primeira, a literatura.   This essay investigates the pictorial references in literature and especially defines the role of the presence of paintings in the narrative. These pictorial references are analyzed in order to define four types of functions: psychological, rhetorical, structural and ontological, which are exemplified with Proust excerpts and compared to other works of French literature. The different functions of the pictorial references are operating in the novel at reception or production level, and by Proust the ontological function, more complex, beyond this distinction reaches metadiscourse, revealing in another art, painting, the essence of the first art, literature.
Da poesia à prosa: a influência da releitura de Baudelaire e Rimbaud na pós-poesia de Jean-Marie Gleize
Authors: Milaneze Erica
Published: December 2015

No cenário da poesia francesa contemporânea, a pós-poesia
representa a busca por novas formas experimentais que se constituem por meio de uma escrita em prosa literal, que tenta efetuar uma “saída” dos modelos tradicionais da poesia, encontrando em Jean-Marie Gleize seu grande animador e teórico. Os diversos textos pós-poéticos gleizeanos são representativos, particularmente, Les chiens noirs de la prose (1999), desta vertente experimental que encontra suas origens na leitura da modernidade poética, destacando-se seu diálogo com as obras de Charles
Baudelaire e de Arthur Rimbaud.

In the literary scene of contemporary French poetry, the postpoetry represents a search for new experimental forms that constitute by means of a written literal prose, that tries to make an “exit” of the traditional models of poetry, found into Jean-Marie Gleize his great animator theoretical. The various postpoetic texts gleizean are representative particularly, Les chiens noirs de la prose (1999), this experimental poetry, that fi nds its origins in the reading of modernity poetry, standing out its dialogue with the work of Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud.
Futuros de Arguedas
Authors: Natali Marcos P
Published: December 2015

A partir da reflexão sobre a morte de José María Arguedas,e portanto sobre sua herança e porvir espectral, o artigo interroga diferentes possibilidades de futuro presentes na figura do escritor peruano, encontrando-as em alguns lugares improváveis, como as obras de Roberto Bolaño e Mario Bellatin.Beginning with a few reflections on the death of José MaríaArguedas and, therefore, his inheritance and spectral future, the paper probes different possibilities contained in the figure of the Peruvian writer, finding them in some improbable places, such as works by Roberto Bolaño and Mario Bellatin.
O arquivo da literatura em Borges e Calvino
Authors: Moreira Maria Elisa Rodrigues
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão crítico-analítica sobre a temática do arquivo a partir das obras de Jorge Luis Borges e Italo Calvino. Tomando por referencial teórico o livro Mal de arquivo, de Jacques Derrida, aborda-se, num primeiro momento, duas ficções dos escritores que têm o arquivo e a memória como tema: “A memória do mundo”, de Calvino, e “A memória de Shakespeare”, de Borges. Em seguida, busca-se compreender como o escritor argentino e o escritor italiano valem-se de sua memória literária e de seu papel de autoridade arcôntica para estabelecer um certo arquivo da literatura, identificando outros autores e obras que julgam dignos de uma sobrevida. Essas “máquinas-arquivísticas” literárias são analisadas nos livros póstumos Esse ofício do verso e Seis propostas para o próximo milênio, resultados das conferências de Borges e Calvino, respectivamente, destinadas às Norton Lectures.    This article purposes an analytic-critic reflection about the thematic of the archive from Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino’s works. Having the book Mal de arquivo, by Jacques Derrida, as a theoretical reference, in the first moment, two fictional works from writers that have the archive and the memory as subject: “A memória de Shakespeare”, by Borges, and “A memória do mundo”, by Calvino are approached. After that, it is seeking comprehending how the Argentinean writer and the Italian writer have their literary memory and their archontic authority to establish some kind of literature archive, identifying other authors and works that judge themselves worthy of a afterlife (Fortleben). These literary “archival-machines” are analyzed in posthumous books Esse ofício do verso e Seis propostas para o próximo milênio, results of Borges and Calvino’s conferences, respectively, to Norton Lectures.
Effects of Cooking and Germination on Physiochemical Properties and Sensory Attributes of African Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum)
Authors: Ihemeje A. , Ukauwa O. , Ekwe C.C.
Published: December 2015

Effect of cooking and germination on physiochemical and sensory attributes of African walnut were investigated. Result proved that the protein (14.90%) carbohydrates (15.39%) fat (45.84%) ash (3.5%) and fibre (1.17%) contents of the raw samples were increased by germination but subsequently decreased as germination progresses. Cooking was found to be more effective in reduction of antinutrients than germination thereby leading to enhanced bioavailability of most essential minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus etc). Results also indicate significant (P<0.05) improvement on the functional properties (water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, ) of the raw sample by cooking and germination. Evaluation of sensory attributes showed that cooked walnut was most preferred to germinated and boiled walnut in terms of taste, after taste and general acceptability.
Free Radical Scavenging and Alpha/Beta-glucosidases Inhibitory Activities of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extract
Authors: Widowati Wahyu , Maesaroh Maesaroh , Fauziah Nurul , Erawijantari Pande Putu , Sandra Ferry
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with oxidative reaction and hyperglycemic condition. Human body has an antioxidant defense system toward free radical, but overproduction of free radical causing imbalance condition between the free radical and the antioxidant defense in the body that lead to several diseases, including DM. Glucosidase is an enzyme that hydrolize carbohydrates causing increase of blood glucose level, so by inhibiting this enzyme blood glucose level in plasma could be effectively decreased. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel has been reported to have many potential roles, such as antioxidant and anti-glycemia. Therefore our current study was conducted to evaluate possible effectivity of Rambutan peel to scavenge free radical and to inhibit α- and β-glucosidases. METHODS:Rambutan peel extraction (RPE) was performed based on maceration method. Geraniin was used as control. For antioxidant study, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging test was performed. For glucosidase inhibitory activity study,  α- and β-glucosidases inhibitory activity tests were performed. Results were analyzed for median of Inhibitory Concentration (IC50).RESULTS: The scavenging activity of RPE was comparable with Geraniin. Meanwhile, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of RPE was higher than the one of Geraniin. The α-glucosidase-inhibitory-activity IC50 of RPE and Geraniin were 0.106±0.080 μg/ml and 16.12±0.29 μg/ml, respectively. The β-glucosidase inhibitory activity of RPE was also higher than the one of Geraniin. The β-glucosidase-inhibitory-activity IC50 of RPE and Geraniin were 7.02±0.99 μg/ml and 19.81±0.66 μg/ml, respectively.CONCLUSION: Since RPE showed comparable free radical scavenging activity with Geraniin and higher α- and β-glucosidases inhibitory activities than Geraniin, RPE could be suggested as a promising antioxidant and antiglycemic agent. KEYWORDS: Nephelium lappaceum L., rambutan, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, free radical, diabetes mellitus, glucosidase, DPPH
Chronodisruption and Obesity
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Attempts to understand the causes of obesity and develop new therapeutic strategies have mostly focused on caloric intake and energy expenditure. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock controls energy homeostasis by regulating circadian expression and/or activity of enzymes, hormones, and transport systems involved in metabolism. Moreover, disruption of circadian rhythms leads to obesity and metabolic disorders.CONTENT:Regularly alternating periods of light and darkness, such as normally occur with the rising and the setting of the sun, are essential for the maintenance of undisturbed circadian rhythms in all organisms including humans. The light-dark environment, as detected by specialized photoreceptors in the retinas, impacts the endogenous circadian clock in the anterior hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nuclei. These nuclei, via both neural and humoral signals, communicate with cells throughout the organism to establish regular circadian rhythms. The introduction of artificial sources of light roughly 150 years ago has significantly undermined the naturally occurring light-dark environment and, likewise, has disturbed circadian rhythms since light is now available at unusual times, i.e., at night. Light at night is known to cause circadian disruption and melatonin suppression. Many potentially pathophysiological consequences of these artificial light-mediated changes, include cancer, cardiovascular diseases, insomnia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cognitive disorders may be aggravated by the increased exposure to light at night, which is inevitable in well-developed societies that have undergone extensive electrification.SUMMARY: Therefore, it is plausible that resetting of the circadian clock can be used as a new approach to attenuate obesity. Feeding regimens, such as restricted feeding, calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, provide a time cue and reset the circadian clock and lead to better health. In contrast, high-fat diet leads to disrupted circadian expression of metabolic factors and obesity.KEYWORDS: obesity, circadian clock, metabolism, chronodisruption
Hacia el fortalecimiento del proceso editorial de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
Authors: Gaitán-Duarte Hernando
Published: December 2015

Desde que llegamos a la dirección de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (RCOG), ha sido nuestro interés apoyar a los autores nacionales e internacionales en la publicación de las investigaciones desarrolladas en la región por medio de artículos que permitan al lector identificar de manera clara la pregunta que se quiere contestar y cómo se llegó a ella, el objetivo de la investigación, la descripción detallada de la metodología utilizada para contestar la pregunta, reducir el riesgo de sesgos, como también el análisis estadístico pertinente. Se busca presentar los resultados de una manera simple, lógica, a la luz de los objetivos planteados y con información complementaria en el texto y las tablas o figuras. Por último, que la sección de discusión sea relevante, en la que se contrasten los resultados obtenidos con la evidencia disponible en relación con el problema abordado y con una mención de las debilidades y fortalezas del estudio. Todo esto en un formato ágil y sencillo, que tome en cuenta que el lector es una persona ocupada, a fin de optimizar el tiempo que dedica a la lectura del manuscrito en términos de credibilidad y eficiencia.

Para apoyar a los autores se ha sugerido el uso de varios instrumentos que están orientados a mejorar el reporte de las investigaciones biomédicas (1). El uso de estos instrumentos para verificar la información que debe ir en el manuscrito fue indicado por los editores de la revista desde el primer número del año 2014 (2); sin embargo, su interpretación no siempre es fácil y requiere de algunos conocimientos de epidemiología o estadística para una mejor aplicación. Asimismo, desde el año 2013, el comité editorial incorporó una experta en Ética para asesorar al mismo y a los autores en los aspectos éticos de las publicaciones. En este mismo sentido, nos encontramos en proceso de adherir al Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (3), y daremos los siguientes pasos que van en favor de la transparencia del proceso editorial, en apoyo a los autores y en beneficio de los lectores de la RCOG. Estos cambios implicarán, sin embargo, un mayor esfuerzo al equipo editorial y el cumplimiento de requisitos más exigentes a los autores para iniciar el proceso de publicación.
Costo-efectividad del diagnóstico etiológico de la cervicitis por c. trachomatis basado en pruebas rápidas comparado con el abordaje sindrómico, en mujeres no gestantes con síntomas de infección del tracto genital inferior
Authors: Prieto-Martínez Víctor , Moreno-Calderón Alexander , Urrego-Novoa José , Díaz-Rojas Jorge Augusto , Rodríguez-Hernández Andrea , Ruiz-Parra Ariel Iván , Gaitán-Duarte Hernando , Tolosa-Ardila Jorge E.
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: estimar la razón costo-efectividad del diagnóstico etiológico con pruebas rápidas para la cervicitis por C. trachomatis frente al diagnóstico sindrómico, en mujeres no gestantes con síntomas de infección del tracto genital inferior en Colombia.

Materiales y métodos: se construyó un árbol de decisión para determinar la razón de costo-efectividad de la aproximación etiológica con las pruebas rápidas Acon®Plate, Acon®Duo y QuickVue® para la detección de C. trachomatis comparada con el diagnóstico sindrómico. La perspectiva fue la del sistema de salud colombiano incluyendo todos los costos médicos directos. El horizonte de tiempo fue de 15 días, ya que la unidad de resultado fue el número de casos correctamente identificados (número de verdaderos positivos y verdaderos negativos). Las características operativas de las pruebas se obtuvieron en un estudio de corte transversal diseñado y conducido para este propósito.

Resultados: la alternativa más costosa y más efectiva fue QuickVue® seguida de Acon®Plate y del abordaje sindrómico. Acon®Duo fue una estrategia dominada. La razón de costo-efectividad incremental de QuickVue®, comparada con Acon®Plate, fue de $ 430.671; la de Acon®Plate, comparada con el abordaje sindrómico, fue de $ 79.747.

Conclusión: si la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) por un caso correctamente identificado adicional es mayor que $ 430.671, QuickVue® sería la mejor alternativa en términos de costo-efectividad; de otro lado, si la DAP está entre $ 79.747 y $ 430.671, Acon®Plate sería la alternativa costo-efectiva. Finalmente, si la DAP es menor que $ 79.747, el abordaje sindrómico sería la mejor alternativa en términos de costo-efectividad.
Morbimortalidad materno-perinatal en pacientes con infección por VIH, Hospital Simón Bolívar, 2003-2011, Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Gómez-Ríos Ana C. , Carrillo-Rozo Mauricio E. , Rodríguez-Ortiz Jorge A.
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: describir la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal asociadas a la infección por VIH en el Hospital Simón Bolívar entre el año 2003 y el 2011.

Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de cohorte histórica. Se incluyeron pacientes gestantes con diagnóstico confirmado de infección por VIH que asistieron al control prenatal y a quienes se les atendió el parto y el puerperio entre enero de 2003 y diciembre de 2011, en el Hospital Simón Bolívar, institución de tercer nivel de complejidad, centro de referencia para pacientes con VIH, ubicado en el noroccidente de Bogotá. Se realizó muestreo consecutivo y se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas y clínicas basales, y la morbilidad materna durante la gestación, al momento del parto o el puerperio, como también la morbilidad perinatal.
Se realizó análisis descriptivo de la morbilidad por medio de proporciones y análisis exploratorio de la asociación entre el recuento de linfocitos CD4 y la carga viral con los resultados maternos y perinatales.
Resultados: un total de 136 pacientes tenían diagnóstico de VIH confirmado en la institución, de estas se obtuvo información completa en 106 (78 %). No hubo ningún caso de muerte materna y se presentaron 2 casos de muerte fetal in utero. Las principales comorbilidades maternas encontradas fueron anemia (18 %), ETS (22,6 %), neumonía (5,7 %) y fiebre puerperal (4,7 %). Las comorbilidades perinatales más frecuentes fueron bajo peso al nacer (21,7 %) y convulsiones (2,8 %). No se encontró asociación entre la carga viral y el recuento CD4 con la morbilidad materna o perinatal.

Conclusión: la paciente gestante con infección por VIH presenta en general un ligero aumento de las complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Es importante realizar nuevos estudios en los diferentes grupos poblacionales para poder valorar adecuadamente todas estas asociaciones.
Embarazo abdominal avanzado: diagnóstico y manejo. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Mora-Enríquez Julie Angélica , Arreaza-Graterol Mortimer , Nossa-Moreno Hugo Hernán , Rodríguez-Ortiz Jorge Augusto
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: reportar el caso de un embarazo abdominal avanzado y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico.

Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de un embarazo abdominal avanzado, controlado en la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal del Hospital Simón Bolívar, hospital público de tercer nivel de complejidad ubicado en Bogotá (Colombia). Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura médica en bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, y Lilacs, con terminología MeSH "abdominal pregnancy" y "ectopic pregnancy". La búsqueda se limitó a los idiomas inglés y español, entre los años 1940 a 2013.

Resultados: se encontró un total de 22 artículos relacionados directamente con el tema, de los cuales se incluyen 14 en la revisión: 1 artículo de revisión, 2 artículos de serie de casos, 9 reportes de caso y 2 cartas al editor.

Conclusión: el embarazo abdominal cercano al término es una situación obstétrica infrecuente que puede acarrear problemas severos para el binomio materno-fetal. El escenario ideal es poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y su inmediata finalización.
Cervicometría menor o igual a 25 mm para identificar parto a los siete días en pacientes con amenaza de parto prematuro. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en un hospital de cuarto nivel de complejidad en Medellín, Colombia, 2009-2012
Authors: Lozano-Mosquera Sandra Janneth , Muñoz-Pérez Diana Lucía
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: identificar si en mujeres con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto pretérmino y cervicometría menor o igual a 25 mm existe un punto de corte que permita mejorar la predicción del parto en los 7 días posteriores a la prueba.

Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes con embarazo único y edad gestacional entre 24 y 36+6 semanas con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto prematuro y cervicometría de 25 mm o menos al ingreso. Se excluyeron pacientes en trabajo de parto activo, con ruptura prematura de membranas, con historia de cerclaje o de tratamientos previos con progesterona. Se categorizó la medición en rangos de 0 a 5, 6 a 10, 11 a 15, 16 a 20 y 21 a 25 mm y se comparó la predicción de parto con la presencia o no de parto a los 7 días posprueba. Se estimó el cociente de probabilidades por categoría y el área bajo la curva.

Resultados: la mediana del periodo de latencia al parto fue de 3 semanas (rango 1 a 5). Los cocientes de probabilidad para tener un parto antes de 7 días de realizada la medición fueron, para los diferentes punto de corte, de 3,3; 1,4; 1,3; 0,7 y 0,2, respectivamente. El área bajo la curva ROC para parto a los 7 días fue de 0,711.

Conclusión: en mujeres con cérvix menor de 25 mm y APP no se encontró un punto de corte que permita diferenciar el mayor o menor riesgo de tener parto prematuro.
Diagnosis of recurrent gastroschisis in Cali, Colombia: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Olivares-Concha Diana Soley , Delgado-Gutiérrez Julián , Quintero-Mejía Juan Carlos
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: hacer una revisión de la literatura acerca de la fisiopatología en gastrosquisis, en especial lo relativo a las teorías de etiología genética de esta patología.

Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso clínico de un feto y posterior neonato con diagnóstico de gastrosquisis en una madre con historia previa de otro hijo con la misma patología. Se desarrolló una búsqueda de la literatura en la base de datos Medline/PubMed publicada en español e inglés durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2000 a enero de 2013. Se utilizaron los términos: gastrosquisis, pared abdominal, anomalías, genética. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión, reporte de casos y estudios de corte transversal.

Resultados: se revisaron 90 artículos relacionados sobre los factores de riesgo implicados en el desarrollo de la gastrosquisis, y 23 artículos relacionados con gastrosquisis y genética. La gastrosquisis que se produce en los hermanos es rara, hay solo 14 casos publicados de gastrosquisis familiar en la literatura. Varios estudios epidemiológicos han identificado complejas interacciones entre factores ambientales y múltiples genes.

Conclusión: la gastrosquisis constituye un evento poco frecuente y es de etiología incierta. Esta condición permanece como un dilema epidemiológico y patogenético. Se requiere investigación adicional para aclarar la etiología multifactorial de la gastrosquisis.
Leiomiomatosis parásita en Medellín, Colombia: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ángel-Cano Gonzalo , Castro-Solís Javier , Arango-Martínez Adriana
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: mostrar un caso de leiomiomatosis parásita que se presentó después de miomectomía laparoscópica y revisar la literatura disponible respecto a la histopatología, la fisiopatología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la entidad.

Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años con antecedente de miomectomía por laparoscopia, que consultó a la clínica las Americas (Medellín, Colombia), centro privado de atención, por sangrado uterino de un mes de evolución. Por ultrasonido pélvico se documentó la presencia de leiomiomas uterinos. Fue sometida a nueva laparoscopia que reveló cuatro miomas parásitos en la cavidad pélvica. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed y SciELO con los términos MeSH: “leiomyomatosis parasitic”, “myomectomy”, “laparoscopic” y “myoma”, y los términos DeCS: “mioma”, “leiomiomatosis parásito” “miomectomía” y “laparoscopia”.

Resultados: se seleccionaron 12 artículos de los cuales 10 son reporte de caso, una serie de casos y una revisión narrativa de la literatura.
La Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y los Estándares Internacionales de Publicación en Revistas Científicas
Authors: Rubio-Romero Jorge Andrés
Published: December 2015

El contenido de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología ha permitido que la publicación se encuentre citada y referenciada en SciELO, Lilacs, Servicio de Indexación permanente de Colciencias, Imbiomed, Gale Cengage Learning, Scopus, Redalyc e ISI (Thompson Reuters), hecho que la mantiene como una de las mejores publicaciones médicas del país. La visibilidad lograda por la revista ha permitido un incremento en las solicitudes de publicación, en las contribuciones publicadas procedentes de otros países de Latinoamérica y en idiomas diferentes al español. Sin embargo, la revista aún está pendiente de ingresar en bases de datos como Medline o Embase para aumentar la visibilidad de los autores y sus publicaciones a nivel mundial.

Acorde con las transformaciones mundiales respecto al calentamiento global, el uso de tecnologías limpias, la conservación y preservación de los recursos naturales y la optimización de las comunicaciones electrónicas y su disponibilidad inmediata, la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología ha comenzado el proceso de transformación y modernización para ofrecer a sus lectores la oportunidad de acceder a una versión electrónica, con mayor capacidad de difusión, visibilidad, disponibilidad y portabilidad.

Esta oportunidad representa también el reto de ofrecer una calidad científica y editorial acorde con las más importantes publicaciones en el área de la ginecología y la obstetricia, muchas de las cuales ponen a disposición de sus usuarios el material y los contenidos en línea de acuerdo con sus intereses y solicitudes, optimizando el tiempo y uso de recursos por los usuarios de la literatura científica.
Deficiencia intrínseca esfinteriana. ¿Qué papel juega la hipermotilidad en su manejo?
Authors: Salazar-González Alejandra , Echavarría-Restrepo Luis Guillermo
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la importancia del diagnóstico de la hipermotilidad uretral en el manejo quirúrgico de la disfunción intrínseca del esfínter uretral y la evaluación que se ha hecho de la hipermotilidad en los estudios que evalúan las diferentes técnicas para su corrección.

Conclusión: son pocos los estudios en pacientes con diagnóstico de deficiencia esfinteriana intrínseca que han evaluado la tasa de curación y porcentaje de complicaciones posoperatorias en pacientes llevadas cirugía con cabestrillos TVT y TOT teniendo en cuenta la presencia o no de hipermotilidad uretral.
Incentivos para el incumplimiento en la contratación estatal: un análisis desde la teoría de juegos
Authors: Torres Jiménez Liliana Carolina
Published: December 2015

En el presente artículo, evaluaremos la eficiencia del procedimiento de aplicación de multas en la contratación estatal colombiana, utilizando para ello una herramienta práctica como lo es la Teoría de juegos. Se dividirá en tres grandes partes, a saber: i) en primer lugar, una descripción de la situación actual de la cuestión, planteada a través de la representación extensiva de un juego; ii) enseguida, encontrará el lector una crítica a un modelo que se había planteado con anterioridad, que se valía del mismo método y, iii) por último, se hará una propuesta para que, efectivamente, el procedimiento de aplicación de la sanción cumpla con su finalidad.
La nueva normativa italiana en materia de obras huérfanas
Authors: Rodríguez Moreno Sofía
Published: December 2015

Este artículo presenta un análisis del Decreto legislativo 163 del 10 de noviembre de 2014, que ha introducido en el ordinamiento jurídico italiano las normas de trasposición de la Directiva europea 2012/28/EU. En Europa, teniendo como principal punto de referencia la creación de bibliotecas digitales, ante las distintas opciones para el establecimiento de un cuadro jurídico para la explotación de las obras huérfanas, la Directiva 2012/28/EU, aprobada el 4 de octubre de 2013, ha escogido el camino de excepciones al derecho de autor junto al reconocimiento recíproco de la condición de obra huérfana. En la dirección señalada por la Directiva, que ha introducido por primera vez una regulación orgánica sobre algunos usos permitidos de las obras huérfanas, se ha movido el legislador italiano definiendo el ámbito de aplicación de la excepción con referencia a parámetros objetivos y subjetivos.