bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid‐Polymer Nanoparticles Mediate Compartmentalized Delivery of Cas9 and sgRNA for Glioblastoma Vasculature and Immune Reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Huaqing , Jiang Wenxin , Song Tingting , Song Mingjie , Liu Shengyu , Zhou Jianping , Cheng Hao , Ding Yang
Published: June 2024

Hypervascularized glioblastoma is naturally sensitive to anti‐angiogenesis but suffers from low efficacy of transient vasculature normalization. In this study, a lipid‐polymer nanoparticle is synthesized to execute compartmentalized Cas9 and sgRNA delivery for a permanent vasculature editing strategy by knocking out the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The phenylboronic acid branched cationic polymer is designed to condense sgRNA electrostatically (inner compartment) and patch Cas9 coordinatively (outer compartment), followed by liposomal hybridization with angiopep‐2 decoration for blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The lipid‐polymer nanoparticles can reach glioblastoma within 2 h post intravenous administration, and hypoxia in tumor cells triggers charge‐elimination and degradation of the cationic polymer for burst release of Cas9 and sgRNA, accompanied by instant Cas9 RNP assembly, yielding ≈50% STAT3 knockout. The downregulation of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reprograms vasculature normalization to improve immune infiltration, collaborating with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) reduction to develop anti‐glioblastoma responses. Collectively, the combinational assembly for compartmentalized Cas9/sgRNA delivery provides a potential solution in glioblastoma therapy.
X‐Ray Multibeam Ptychography at up to 20 keV: Nano‐Lithography Enhances X‐Ray Nano‐Imaging
Authors: Li Tang , Kahnt Maik , Sheppard Thomas L. , Yang Runqing , Falch Ken V. , Zvagelsky Roman , Villanueva‐Perez Pablo , Wegener Martin , Lyubomirskiy Mikhail
Published: June 2024

Hard X‐rays are needed for non‐destructive nano‐imaging of solid matter. Synchrotron radiation facilities (SRF) provide the highest‐quality images with single‐digit nm resolution using advanced techniques such as X‐ray ptychography. However, the resolution or field of view is ultimately constrained by the available coherent flux. To address this, the beam's incoherent fraction can be exploited using multiple parallel beams in an X‐ray multibeam ptychography (MBP) approach. This expands the domain of X‐ray ptychography to larger samples or more rapid measurements. Both qualities favor the study of complex composite or functional samples, such as catalysts, energy materials, or electronic devices. The challenge of performing ptychography at high energy and with many parallel beams must be overcome to extract the full advantages for extended samples while minimizing beam attenuation. Here, that challenge is overcome by creating a lens array using cutting‐edge laser printing technology and applying it to perform scanning with MBP with up to 12 beams and at photon energies of 13 and 20 keV. This exceeds the measurement limits of conventional hard X‐ray ptychography without compromising image quality for various samples: Siemens star test pattern, Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, microchip, and gold nano‐crystal clusters.
NAT10 Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Acetylating mRNAs of HMGA1 and KRT8
Authors: Li Kang‐Jing , Hong Yaying , Yu Yu‐Zhong , Xie Zhiyue , Lv Dao‐Jun , Wang Chong , Xie Tao , Chen Hong , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Zeng Jianwen , Zhao Shan‐Chao
Published: June 2024

N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) is essential for the development and migration of tumor cells. According to earlier research, N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) can increase messenger RNAs (mRNAs) stability by catalyzing the synthesis of ac4C. However, little is known about NAT10 expression and its role in the acetylation modifications in prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, the biological function of NAT10 in PCa is investigated in this study. Compared to paraneoplastic tissues, the expression of NAT10 is significantly higher in PCa. The NAT10 expression is strongly correlated with the pathological grade, clinical stage, Gleason score, T‐stage, and N‐stage of PCa. NAT10 has the ability to advance the cell cycle and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), both of which raise the malignancy of tumor cells. Mechanistically, NAT10 enhance the stability of high mobility group AT‐hook 1 (HMGA1) by acetylating its mRNA, thereby promoting cell cycle progression to improve cell proliferation. In addition, NAT10 improve the stability of Keratin 8 (KRT8) by acetylating its mRNA, which promotes the progression of EMT to improve cell migration. This findings provide a potential prognostic or therapeutic target for PCa.
Mechanism of Bile Acid in Regulating Platelet Function and Thrombotic Diseases
Authors: Zhou Xianghui , Zhou Xin , Zhang Zhao , Zhu Ruirui , Lu Meng , Lv Keyu , Fang Chao , Ming Zhangyin , Cheng Zhipeng , Hu Yu
Published: June 2024

Platelets play a key role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. Based on the limitations of current antiplatelet drugs, it's important to elucidate the mechanisms of regulating platelet activation. In addition to dissolving lipid nutrients, bile acids (BAs) can regulate platelet function. However, the specific mechanisms underlying BAs‐mediated effects on platelet activation and thrombotic diseases remain unknown. Therefore, the effects of BAs on platelets and intracellular regulatory mechanisms are explored. It is showed that the inhibitory effect of secondary BAs is more significant than that of primary BAs; lithocholic acid (LCA) shows the highest inhibitory effect. In the process of platelet activation, BAs suppress platelet activation via the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), protein kinase B (Akt), and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) pathways. Nck adaptor proteins (NCK1) deficiency significantly suppress the activity of platelets and arterial thrombosis. Phosphorylated proteomics reveal that LCA inhibited phosphorylation of syntaxin‐11 at S80/81 in platelets. Additional LCA supplementation attenuated atherosclerotic plaque development and reduced the inflammation in mice. In conclusion, BAs play key roles in platelet activation via Syk, Akt, ERK1/2, and syntaxin‐11 pathways, which are associated with NCK1. The anti‐platelet effects of BAs provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and therapy of thrombotic diseases.
Unsupervised Segmentation of 3D Microvascular Photoacoustic Images Using Deep Generative Learning
Authors: Sweeney Paul W. , Hacker Lina , Lefebvre Thierry L. , Brown Emma L. , Gröhl Janek , Bohndiek Sarah E.
Published: June 2024

Mesoscopic photoacoustic imaging (PAI) enables label‐free visualization of vascular networks in tissues with high contrast and resolution. Segmenting these networks from 3D PAI data and interpreting their physiological and pathological significance is crucial yet challenging due to the time‐consuming and error‐prone nature of current methods. Deep learning offers a potential solution; however, supervised analysis frameworks typically require human‐annotated ground‐truth labels. To address this, an unsupervised image‐to‐image translation deep learning model is introduced, the Vessel Segmentation Generative Adversarial Network (VAN‐GAN). VAN‐GAN integrates synthetic blood vessel networks that closely resemble real‐life anatomy into its training process and learns to replicate the underlying physics of the PAI system in order to learn how to segment vasculature from 3D photoacoustic images. Applied to a diverse range of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo data, including patient‐derived breast cancer xenograft models and 3D clinical angiograms, VAN‐GAN demonstrates its capability to facilitate accurate and unbiased segmentation of 3D vascular networks. By leveraging synthetic data, VAN‐GAN reduces the reliance on manual labeling, thus lowering the barrier to entry for high‐quality blood vessel segmentation (F1 score: VAN‐GAN vs. U‐Net = 0.84 vs. 0.87) and enhancing preclinical and clinical research into vascular structure and function.
In Situ Quantitative Monitoring of Adsorption from Aqueous Phase by UV–vis Spectroscopy: Implication for Understanding of Heterogeneous Processes
Authors: Yang Xu‐Dan , Gong Bo , Chen Wei , Chen Jie‐Jie , Qian Chen , Lu Rui , Min Yuan , Jiang Ting , Li Liang , Yu Han‐Qing
Published: June 2024

The development of in situ techniques to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneous reactions is essential for understanding physicochemical processes in aqueous phase. In this work, a new approach coupling in situ UV–vis spectroscopy with a two‐step algorithm strategy is developed to quantitatively monitor heterogeneous reactions in a compact closed‐loop incorporation. The algorithm involves the inverse adding‐doubling method for light scattering correction and the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method for spectral deconvolution. Innovatively, theoretical spectral simulations are employed to connect MCR‐ALS solutions with chemical molecular structural evolution without prior information for reference spectra. As a model case study, the aqueous adsorption kinetics of bisphenol A onto polyamide microparticles are successfully quantified in a one‐step UV–vis spectroscopic measurement. The practical applicability of this approach is confirmed by rapidly screening a superior adsorbent from commercial materials for antibiotic wastewater adsorption treatment. The demonstrated capabilities are expected to extend beyond monitoring adsorption systems to other heterogeneous reactions, significantly advancing UV–vis spectroscopic techniques toward practical integration into automated experimental platforms for probing aqueous chemical processes and beyond.
Integrated Solution for As(III) Contamination in Water Based on Crystalline Porous Organic Salts
Authors: Yang Xiaoxia , Guo Qi , Liu Xingman , Ma Jing‐xin
Published: June 2024

A stable crystalline organic porous salt (CPOSs‐NXU‐1) with 1D apertures has been assembled by the solvothermal method, which shows high‐sensitivity “turn‐on” fluorescence detection and large‐capacity adsorption of As(III) ions in water. The detection limits, saturated adsorption capacity, and removal rate of CPOSs‐NXU‐1 for As(III) ions in an aqueous solution can reach 74.34 nm (5.57 ppb), 451.01 mg g−1, and 99.6%, respectively, at pH = 7 and room temperature. With the aid of XPS, IR, Raman, and DFT theoretical calculations, it is determined that CPOSs‐NXU‐1 adsorbed As(III) ions in the form of H2AsO3− and H3AsO3 through hydrogen bonding between the host and guest. The mechanism for fluorescence sensitization of As(III) ions to CPOSs‐NXU‐1 is mainly to increase the energy level difference between the ground state and excited state investigated by UV–vis absorption spectra, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and theoretical calculations. By constructing fluorescent CPOSs, an integrated solution has been achieved to treating As(III) contamination in the water that is equipped with detection and removal. These results blaze a promising path for addressing trivalent arsenic contamination in water efficiently, rapidly, and economically.
Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Technology
Authors: Pramotton Francesca Michela , Spitz Sarah , Kamm Roger D.
Published: June 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging constituting one of the main risk factors for some NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), this societal toll is expected to rise considering the predicted increase in the aging population as well as the limited progress in the development of effective therapeutics. To address the high failure rates in clinical trials, legislative changes permitting the use of alternatives to traditional pre‐clinical in vivo models are implemented. In this regard, microphysiological systems (MPS) such as organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) platforms constitute a promising tool, due to their ability to mimic complex and human‐specific tissue niches in vitro. This review summarizes the current progress in modeling NDDs using OoC technology and discusses five critical aspects still insufficiently addressed in OoC models to date. Taking these aspects into consideration in the future MPS will advance the modeling of NDDs in vitro and increase their translational value in the clinical setting.
Easy‐to‐Lay Poly‐N Heterocyclic Additives Enable Long‐Term Stabilization of Zinc‐Ion Capacitor Anodes under Deep Plating/Stripping
Authors: Bu Yongfeng , Kang Qin , Zhu Zhaomin , Zhang Hongyu , Li Yuman , Wang Shihao , Tang Shengda , Pan Li , Yang Lijun , Liang Hongyu
Published: June 2024

Addition of organic compounds containing O/N heteroatoms to aqueous electrolytes such as ZnSO4 (ZS) solutions is one of the effective strategies to inhibit Zn anode dendrites and side reactions. However, addressing the stability of Zn plating/stripping at high current densities and areal capacities by this method is still a challenge, especially in capacitors known for high power and long life. Herein, an organic heterocyclic compound of 1, 4, 7, 10‐tetraazacyclododecane (TC) containing four symmetrically distributed N atoms is employed as ZS additive, expanding the life of Zn anodes from ≈ 30 h to 1000 and 240 h at deep plating/stripping conditions of 10 and 20 mA cm−2/mAh cm−2, respectively; the cumulative capacity is as high as 5.0 Ah cm−2 with 99% Coulombic efficiency, far exceeding reported additives. TC with higher binding energies than H2O for Zn species tends to adsorb to Zn (002) in a lying manner and participate in the solvation shell of Zn2+, thus avoiding Zn dendrites and side‐reaction damage, especially at high current densities. The TC‐endowed Zn anode's stability under such extreme conditions is verified in Zn‐ion capacitors (i.e., > 94.6% capacity retention after 28 000 cycles), providing new insights into the development of high‐power Zn‐based energy storage devices.
Manipulating the Crosstalk between Cancer and Immunosuppressive Cells with Phototherapeutic Gold‐Nanohut for Reprogramming Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Cheng Hung‐Wei , Lee Wei , Hsu Fei‐Ting , Lai Yen‐Ho , Huang Shu‐Rou , Lim Chris Seh Hong , Lin Zhen‐Kai , Hsu Shih‐Chao , Chiang Chih‐Sheng , Jeng Long‐Bin , Shyu Woei‐Cherng , Chen San‐Yuan
Published: June 2024

Photoimmunotherapy faces challenges due to insufficient intratumoral accumulation of photothermal agents and the reversion of the cancer‐immunity cycle during treatment. In this study, an anti‐PD‐L1‐immobilized magnetic gold nanohut, AuNH‐2‐Ab, with photoresponsive, thermosensitive, and immunomodulatory properties to effectively suppress the growth of primary tumors, elevate immunogenic cell death (ICD) levels, reverse the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and consequently inhibit metastases are developed. AuNH‐2‐Ab achieves high tumor accumulation (9.54% injected dose) following systemic administration, allowing the modulation of hyperthermia dose of over 50 °C in the tumor. By optimizing the hyperthermia dose, AuNH‐2‐Ab simultaneously target and eliminate cancer cells and tumor‐associated macrophages, thereby activating potent antitumor immunity without being compromised by immunosuppressive elements. Hyperthermia/pH induced morphological transformation of AuNH‐2‐Ab involving the detachment of the surface antibody for in situ PD‐L1 inhibition, and exposure of the inner fucoidan layer for natural killer (NK) cell activation. This precision photoimmunotherapy approach reprograms the TIME, significantly prolongs survival in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model (Hep55.1c), and harnesses the synergistic effects of ICD production and checkpoint inhibitors by utilizing a single nanoplatform.
Female social dynamics as viewed from grooming networks in the Central Himalayan Langur (Semnopithecus schistaceus)
Authors: Nautiyal Himani , Romano Valéria , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Huffman Michael A.
Published: June 2024

Enhanced survival and reproduction are associated with an individual's direct and indirect social connections with members of a group. Yet, the role of these connections is little known in a vast range of primate species. We studied female Central Himalayan Langur (CHL) to investigate the link between four specific attributes (dominance rank, age, genetic relatedness, and the presence of females carrying infants) and a female's direct and indirect social relationships. By analyzing grooming networks, we revealed different behavioral strategies: high‐ranking females form relationships with many females (high degree), whereas females with dependent infants have strong relationships (high strength and eigenvector). Subadult females are important individuals that hold the social network together (high betweenness), while an immigrant female strategy is to integrate herself into the group by forming strong bonds with females who themselves have strong bonds (high eigenvector). Our study sheds light on how behavioral strategies shape female CHL grooming networks, which may help them to secure fitness and survival advantages.
Shaft structure of the first metatarsal contains a strong phylogenetic signal in apes and humans
Authors: Tomizawa Yuma , Nakatsukasa Masato , Ponce de León Marcia S. , Zollikofer Christoph P. E. , Morimoto Naoki
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Metatarsal bones constitute a key functional unit of the foot in primates. While the form‐function relationships of metatarsals have been extensively studied, particularly in relation to the loss of the grasping ability of the foot in humans in contrast to apes, the effect of phyletic history on the metatarsal morphology and its variability remains largely unknown.

Materials and Methods

Here, we evaluate how the strength of the phylogenetic signal varies from the first to the fifth metatarsal in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, and Japanese macaques. We use computed tomography imaging and morphometric mapping to quantify the second moment of area around and along the metatarsal shaft and evaluate the strength of the phylogenetic signal with multivariate K‐statistics.

Results

The shaft structure of the first metatarsal, but not the others, correlates well with the phylogeny of apes and humans.

Discussion

Given the importance of the first metatarsal for grasping and bipedal/quadrupedal locomotion, the strong phylogenetic but weak functional signal in its structure is unexpected. These findings suggest that the evolutionary diversification of hominoid locomotor behaviors, including human bipedality, is only partly reflected in form‐function relationships of key skeletal elements, and that phylogenetic history acted as a major evolutionary constraint.
Assessing the existence of the male–female health‐survival paradox in the past: Dental caries in medieval London
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study seeks to identify signals of the male–female health‐survival paradox in medieval London.

Materials and Methods

This study uses skeletal data on age, sex, dental caries (n = 592) and antemortem tooth loss (n = 819) from adult individuals from medieval London cemeteries (c. 1200–1540 CE). The association between age and dental caries was assessed using binary logistic regression. The associations among age, time period (pre‐ vs. post‐Black Death), oral biomarker (dental caries or antemortem tooth loss), and sex were tested using hierarchical log‐linear analysis.

Results

The analyses reveal significantly higher odds of dental caries with increasing adult ages, more older adults after the Black Death, different age distributions of dental caries between the sexes, and a greater decrease in the prevalence of dental caries for females after the Black Death. These results appear not to be an artifact of trends in AMTL. However, this study does not yield evidence suggesting that females experienced both a survival advantage and a decline in oral health at late adult ages after the Black Death relative to males.

Conclusions

These results do not provide evidence of the existence of a male–female health‐survival paradox, but they do corroborate existing evidence of improvements in health in general in the aftermath of the Black Death. The decreased prevalence of dental caries after the Black Death may reflect dietary improvements or the effects of selective mortality during the epidemic.
Fabrication, structural elucidation, and DFT calculation of some new hydrophilic metal chelates based onN N′‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)benzohydrazide ligand: Pharmaceutical studies and molecular docking approach
Authors: Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. , Omran Omran A. , Feizi‐Dehnayebi Mehran , Alqurashi Abdulmajeed , Omar Inam , Alhashmialameer Dalal , Mohamad Ahmad Desoky M.
Published: June 2024

Some novel FeIII, CuII, and PdIIchelates incorporating N′‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)benzohydrazide (MIBA) were fabricated. The tested compounds were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN, spectra analysis (IR, mass spectra, and NMR), melting point, magnetic moments, molar conductance, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and computational studies. The conductance results showed that the tested FeIII, CuII, and PdIIchelates are electrolytes. Magnetic and electronic spectra are applied to deduce the coordinating ability of the tested ligand, and the geometric structure of the studied chelates is found to be octahedral, distorted octahedral, and square planar for FeIII, CuII, and PdIIchelates, respectively. The TGA study of these studied complexes displays that the hydrated H2O molecules, acetate, and nitrate are removed in the first and second degradation steps followed directly by degradation of the studied ligand leaving metal oxide as residue. The thermodynamic factors, like ΔS*, ΔH*, E*, A, and ΔG* are evaluated from the TGA curves and explained. The density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP computation method was applied for the estimation of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP; highest occupied molecular orbital [HOMO] and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO]) energy for the studied compounds. In an in vitro study, the antimicrobial effects of the prepared compounds were screened on various strains of bacteria and fungi. It was found that tested compounds exposed a good biological efficacy through IC50results close to reference drugs and antitumor potential against (MCF‐7, Hep‐G2, and HC‐T116) cell lines. The data obtained displayed that the studied chelates showed promising antitumor activity. The studied metal chelates were screened for in vitro antioxidant efficacy using DPPH assay. The studied compounds explained dynamic satisfying performance. Also, the crystal structures of breast cancer protein (PDB ID: 3HB5) andEscherichia coli(PDB ID: 2VF5) were performed by molecular docking simulation. Data of docking simulation suggestions are which tested compounds have biological behavior as well as have obvious benefit in the pharmaceutical business.
Improving comprehensive performance of norbornene‐furan functionalized benzoxazine resins by regulating the bridge length
Authors: Yang Yi , Lu Yin , Zhang Kan
Published: June 2024

In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of norbornene‐furan functionalized benzoxazine monomers (HPAP‐fa, HPAMP‐fa, and HPTM‐fa) by regulating the bridge length in benzoxazine structure in order to improve the comprehensive performance of norbornene‐furan functionalized benzoxazine system. This research systematically examined the impact of flexible segments on the structural information, polymerization behaviors, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of resulting polybenzoxazines. Initially, the structural characteristics of benzoxazine were confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), and HR‐MS. Subsequently, the polymerization mechanisms of each benzoxazine monomer were investigated utilizing differential scanning calorimeter and in situ FT‐IR analyses. Finally, the thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties were investigated by TGA and micro‐combustion calorimetry measurements. Consequently, HPAP‐fa exhibited the lowest polymerization temperature and the corresponding poly(HPAP‐fa) showed very high thermal stability (Td5 of 392°C and Td10 of 437°C) as well as excellent flame retardancy (HRC of 83.7 J g−1 K−1), which shows a significant improvement compared to poly(HPTM‐fa). As a result, the modulation of bridge segments within the monomer represents a viable approach towards enhancing the holistic efficacy of norbornene‐furan functionalized benzoxazine systems.
Predicting seagrass ecosystem resilience to marine heatwave events of variable duration, frequency and re‐occurrence patterns with gaps
Authors: Hatum Paula Sobenko , McMahon Kathryn , Mengersen Kerrie , Kilminster Kieryn , Wu Paul Pao‐Yen
Published: June 2024

Background

Seagrass, a vital primary producer habitat, is crucial for maintaining high biodiversity and offers numerous ecosystem services globally. The increasing severity and frequency of marine heatwaves, exacerbated by climate change, pose significant risks to seagrass meadows.

Aims

This study acknowledges the uncertainty and variability of marine heatwave scenarios and aims to aid managers and policymakers in understanding simulated responses of seagrass to different durations, frequencies and recurrence gaps of marine heatwaves.

Materials and Methods

Using expert knowledge and observed data, we refined a global Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model for a specific case study on Halophila ovalis in Leschenault Estuary, Australia. The model evaluates the potential impact of marine heatwaves on seagrass resilience, examining stress resistance, recovery and extinction risk.

Results

Simulations of different marine heatwave scenarios reveal significant impacts on seagrass ecosystems. Scenarios ranged from 30‐ to 90‐day heatwaves, with longer durations causing more significant biomass decline, reduced resistance, higher extinction risk and prolonged recovery. For instance, recovery time may increase from 18 to 26 months with four 60‐day and from 24 to 47 months with four 90‐day marine heatwave events. Increasing the frequency of marine heatwaves from one to four annual events, with no gaps between occurrences, could raise extinction risk from 11% to 55% for 60‐day events and from 17% to 83% for 90‐day events. However, introducing gaps between heatwaves enhanced resilience, with spaced events showing lower extinction risks and quicker recovery than consecutive yearly events.

Discussion

The study demonstrates the DBN model's utility in simulating the impact of marine heatwaves on seagrass, providing tools for risk‐informed assessment of management and restoration efforts. While these simulations align with existing research on temperature impacts on seagrass, they are not empirical.

Conclusion

Further research is necessary to expand our understanding of climate change effects on seagrass ecosystems, guide policy and develop strategies to strengthen marine ecosystem resilience.
Assessment of drug–drug interaction of dapagliflozin with LCZ696 based on an LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Wang Lingmei , Liang Bohan , Teng Yunhua , Zhang Chenchen , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Zhidan , Zhang Aijie , Dong Shiqi , Fan Huirong
Published: June 2024

The co‐administration of dapagliflozin (DPF) and sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for managing heart failure. Given that DPF and LCZ696 are substrates for P‐glycoprotein, there is a plausible potential for drug–drug interactions when administered concomitantly. To investigate the pharmacokinetic changes when these drugs are co‐administered, we have established and validated a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method capable of simultaneously detecting DPF, LBQ657 (the active metabolite of sacubitril) and valsartan in rat plasma. This method has demonstrated selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Drug–drug interactions were examined by the LC–MS/MS method. The mechanisms were investigated using everted intestinal sac models and Caco‐2 cells. The results showed that DPF significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC(0–t)) (3,563.3 ± 651.7 vs. 7,146.5 ± 1,714.9 h μg/L) of LBQ657 (the active metabolite of sacubitril) and the AUC(0–t) (24,022.4 ± 6,774.3 vs. 55,728.3 ± 32,446.3 h μg/L) of valsartan after oral co‐administration. Dapagliflozin significantly increased the amount of LBQ657 and valsartan in intestinal sacs by 1‐ and 1.25‐fold at 2.25 h. Caco‐2 cell uptake studies confirmed that P‐glycoprotein is the transporter involved in this interaction. This finding enhances the understanding of drug–drug interactions in the treatment of heart failure and provides a guidence for clinical therapy.
Sustainability meets metaverse: A conceptual framework of sustainable dimensions of the metaverse
Authors: Rajguru Kunjan , Brüggemann Philipp
Published: June 2024

The rise of the metaverse brings about a host of changes for consumers, impacting various aspects of their online experiences, personal and professional relationships, and overall welfare. Consumers are increasingly mindful of sustainability in their online and offline activities. Thus, users will become aware of sustainable solutions for their virtual engagement. Additionally, there is growing pressure on consumers, corporations, and governments to adopt sustainable practices due to mounting concerns about climate change. The United Nations has responded to these concerns by setting Sustainable Development Goals. In this context, our research combines these goals with the dimensions of the metaverse, leading to the identification of the Sustainable Dimensions of the Metaverse. In the context of research and practice implications, we illustrate how the proposed framework can be harnessed to promote a more sustainable future for society. Ultimately, we urge all stakeholders involved in the metaverse to integrate sustainability considerations from the outset of its development. Addressing sustainability concerns retroactively may present challenges and prove to be substantially more complex and resource‐intensive.
Controlled mitral valvuloplasty using steerable catheter‐ waist‐ formed balloon system: A clinical case series
Authors: Nobile Edoardo , Piscione Mariagrazia , Cammalleri Valeria , Gaudio Dario , Antonelli Giorgio , De Luca Valeria Maria , Coletti Federica , Carpenito Myriam , Cocco Nino , Nusca Annunziata , Ussia Gian Paolo
Published: June 2024

As the general population ages, the incidence of degenerative mitral stenosis (MS) among patients has increased. Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) has emerged as a well‐established option for mitral rheumatic stenosis with specific characteristics. However, a blank therapeutic space must be filled with the treatment options for degenerative or rheumatic mitral stenosis in patients with many comorbidities and contraindication for valvuloplasty. We here present a comprehensive overview of the current possibilities, despite their scarce success. That is the reason why we propose a case series to facilitate a better understanding of our innovative technique in this challenging clinical context.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Uniform Au Nanospheres Capped by Citrate for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Kei Kwan , Hao Min , Kinoshita Seth , Xia Younan
Published: June 2024

We report a simple and versatile method for effectively replacing the toxic ligands, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), on the surface of Au nanospheres with different sizes by citrate. The method involves the deposition of an ultrathin shell of fresh Au in the presence of sodium citrate at an adequate concentration. After the ligand exchange process, multiple techniques are used to confirm that the surface of the resultant Au nanospheres is covered by citrate while there is no sign of aggregation. We also demonstrate the mitigation of cell toxicity after exchanging the surface‐bound CTAB/CTAC with citrate, opening the door to a range of biomedical applications.
Aerobic Oxidation of PMB Ethers to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Jiabin , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2024

The first aerobic protocol of direct transformation of p‐methoxybenzyl (PMB) ethers to carboxylic acids efficiently with Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O and TEMPO as catalysts at room temperature has been developed. The reaction accommodates C−Br bond, terminal/non‐terminal C−C triple bond, amide, cyano, nitro, ester, and trifluoromethyl groups. Even highly selective oxidative deprotection of different benzylic PMB ethers has been realized. The reaction has been successfully applied to the total synthesis of natural product, (R)‐6‐hydroxy‐7,9‐octadecadiynoic acid, demonstrating the practicality of the method. Based on experimental studies, a possible mechanism involving oxygen‐stabilized benzylic cation has been proposed.
Tolerance bands for exponential family functional data
Authors: de Silva Galappaththige S. R. , Choudhary Pankaj K.
Published: June 2024

A tolerance band for a functional response provides a region that is expected to contain a given fraction of observations from the sampled population at each point in the domain. This band is a functional analogue of the tolerance interval for a univariate response. Although the problem of constructing functional tolerance bands has been considered for a Gaussian response, it has not been investigated for non‐Gaussian responses, which are common in biomedical applications. We describe a methodology for constructing tolerance bands for two non‐Gaussian members of the exponential family: binomial and Poisson. The approach is to first model the data using the framework of generalized functional principal components analysis. Then, a parameter is identified in which the marginal distribution of the response is stochastically monotone. We show that the tolerance limits can be readily obtained from confidence limits for this parameter, which in turn can be computed using large‐sample theory and bootstrapping. Our proposed methodology works for both dense and sparse functional data. We report the results of simulation studies designed to evaluate its performance and get recommendations for practical applications. We illustrate our proposed method using two actual biomedical studies, and also provide computer source code that implements our method.
Tests for the first‐order stochastic dominance
Authors: Zhuang Weiwei , Wang Peiming , Chen Jiahua
Published: June 2024

We study the first‐order stochastic dominance (SD) test in the context of two independent random samples. We introduce several test statistics that effectively capture violations of the dominance relationship, particularly in the tail regions. Additionally, we develop a resampling procedure to compute the ‐values or critical values for these tests. The proposed tests have asymptotic type I error rates for frontal configurations equal to the nominal level . Furthermore, their powers approach 1 for any fixed alternatives. Through simulation experiments, we demonstrate that our SD tests outperform the recentring test proposed by Donald and Hsu (2016) as well as the integral‐type test presented by Linton et al. (2010) in various scenarios discussed in existing literature. We also employ the proposed tests to analyze changes in the distribution of household income in the United Kingdom over time. The proposed tests offer some insights into potential dominance relationships within this context.
Residential proximity to oil and gas developments and childhood cancer survival
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Rathod Rutu A. , Rosales Omar , Castellanos Maria I. , Schraw Jeremy M. , Burgess Elyse , Peckham‐Gregory Erin C. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Scheurer Michael E. , Hughes Amy E. , Lupo Philip J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Environmental toxicants may impact survival in children with cancer, but the literature investigating these associations remains limited. Because oil and gas developments emit several hazardous air pollutants, the authors evaluated the relationship between residential proximity to oil or gas development and survival across 21 different pediatric cancers.

Methods

The Texas Cancer Registry had 29,730 children (≤19 years old) diagnosed with a primary cancer between 1995 to 2017. Geocoded data were available for 285,266 active oil or gas wells and 109,965 horizontal wells. The authors calculated whether each case lived within 1000 m (yes/no) from each type of oil or gas development. Survival analyses were conducted using Cox regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 14.2% of cases lived within 1000 m of an oil or gas well or horizontal well. Living within 1000 m of an oil or gas well was associated with risk of mortality in cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.84) and hepatoblastoma (aHR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.03–4.39). An inverse association was observed with Ewing sarcoma (aHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.95). No associations were observed with horizontal well. There was evidence of a dose‐response effect in children with AML or hepatoblastoma and residential proximity to oil or gas wells. In general, the magnitude of association increased with decreasing distance and with higher number of wells across the three distances.

Conclusions

Residential proximity to oil or gas wells at diagnosis is associated with the risk of mortality in children with AML or hepatoblastoma.
System response curve based first‐order optimization algorithms for cyber‐physical‐social intelligence
Authors: Yao Biyuan , Zhang Qingchen , Feng Ruonan , Wang Xiaokang
Published: June 2024

The continuous enhancement of optimization algorithms and their parameters has spurred the expansion of AI into novel application domains such as image recognition and smart home technology. This paper employs the system response curve (SRC) to the adaptive learning rate optimizer, addressing challenges associated with the establishment of the optimizer control model and parameter adjustments affecting the dynamic performance of the system. These insights offer theoretical support for the optimizer's application in deep learning models. To begin, the adaptive learning rate optimizer is a time‐varying system. Based on the intrinsic relationship between the network optimization and the control system, the time domain expression and approximate transfer function of the adaptive learning rate optimizer are derived, and the system dynamic model is established. Furthermore, based on the system control model of the optimizer, it is proposed to explain the performance impacts of different optimizers and their hyperparameters on the deep learning model through the SRC. Finally, experiments are performed on the MNIST, CIFAR‐10, UTKinect‐Action3D, and Florence3D‐Action datasets to validate the control theory of explaining optimizers through system response curves. The experimental results show that the recognition performance of the Adaptive Moment Estimate (Adam) is better than that of the Adaptive Gradient (AdaGrad) and Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop). Additionally, the learning rate affects the model training speed, and the practical application aligns with the theoretical analysis.
Molecular Copper(I)‐Sensitized Photoanodes for Alcohol Oxidation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Ricardo‐Noordberg Joseph F. , Kamal Saeid , Majewski Marek B.
Published: June 2024

Dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells can enable the production of molecules currently accessible through energetically demanding syntheses. Copper(I)‐based dyes represent electronically tunable charge transfer and separation systems. Herein, we report a Cu(I)‐bisdiimine donor‐chromophore‐acceptor dye with an absorbance in the visible part of the solar spectrum composed of a phenothiazine electron donor, and dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine electron acceptor. This complex is incorporated onto a zinc oxide nanowire semiconductor surface effectively forming a photoanode that is characterized spectroscopically and electrochemically. We investigate the photo‐oxidation of hydroquinone, and the photosensitization of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl and N‐hydroxyphthalimide for the oxidation of furfuryl alcohol to furfuraldehyde, resulting in near quantitative conversions, with poor selectivity to the alcohol.
Recent Development of Electrodes Construction for HER in Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Du Mingxuan , Tian Kaige , Yan Junqing
Published: June 2024

Production of hydrogen (H2) fuel using the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through electrocatalysis of water splitting is inexpensive, has optimal performance, and offers remarkable stability. Developing electrocatalysts with excellent stability and high efficiency has been a significant and challenging factor for practical applications of HER for decades. Hydrogen generation occurs on the HER electrode due to the emission of bubbles, proton diffusion, and the transfer of electrons. These considerations should be taken into account during the construction and development of the electrode. This review offers a synopsis of recent advancements in various electrodes used as a base for electrocatalysts, such as nickel foam, titanium foil, copper foam, carbon foam, and others, and discusses their HER catalytic activity, with a focus on the emission of bubbles, diffusion of ions, the structure of the electrode, and the formulation and preparation process. In conclusion, we provide an overview of ideas to further improve and address the significant issues in the manufacture of HER electrodes.
Endoscopic findings and outcomes of gastric mucosal changes relating to potassium‐competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor therapy
Authors: Shinozaki Satoshi , Osawa Hiroyuki , Miura Yoshimasa , Nomoto Hiroaki , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Yano Tomonori , Despott Edward J. , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: June 2024

Gastric mucosal changes associated with long‐term potassium‐competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy may raise concern. In contrast to that for PPIs, the evidence concerning the safety of long‐term potassium‐competitive acid blocker use is scant. Vonoprazan (VPZ) is a representative potassium‐competitive acid blocker released in Japan in 2015. In order to shed some comparative light regarding the outcomes of gastric mucosal lesions associated with a long‐term acid blockade, we have reviewed six representative gastric mucosal lesions: fundic gland polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps, multiple white and flat elevated lesions, cobblestone‐like gastric mucosal changes, gastric black spots, and stardust gastric mucosal changes. For these mucosal lesions, we have evaluated the association with the type of acid blockade, patient gender, Helicobacter pylori infection status, the degree of gastric atrophy, and serum gastrin levels. There is no concrete evidence to support a significant relationship between VPZ/PPI use and the development of neuroendocrine tumors. Current data also shows that the risk of gastric mucosal changes is similar for long‐term VPZ and PPI use. Serum hypergastrinemia is not correlated with the development of some gastric mucosal lesions. Therefore, serum gastrin level is unhelpful for risk estimation and for decision‐making relating to the cessation of these drugs in routine clinical practice. Given the confounding potential neoplastic risk relating to H. pylori infection, this should be eradicated before VPZ/PPI therapy is commenced. The evidence to date does not support the cessation of clinically appropriate VPZ/PPI therapy solely because of the presence of these associated gastric mucosal lesions.
Climate and shared evolutionary history drive trait variation among species of Neotropical understory monocots
Authors: Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis , Vargas Oscar M. , Funk Jennifer L. , Kay Kathleen M. , Goldsmith Gregory R.
Published: June 2024

Environmental variation commonly drives functional trait diversity within species, among species, and across communities. Climate and shared evolutionary history can both influence trait–environment relationships. We studied variation in plant functional traits among closely related Costus species occurring across environmental gradients, the extent to which this variation occurs within single species, and how that variation may be influenced by shared evolutionary history. We measured leaf, aboveground stem, rhizome, and fine root traits of 17 species of Costus in eight sites in Costa Rica and Panama, which varied in elevation, temperature, and precipitation. We then assessed the relationships among traits and environmental variables and estimated the phylogenetic signal of the traits. We observed significant relationships between functional traits and climate. Stomatal conductance decreased, but stem density and rhizome dry matter content increased with decreasing mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality in both cross‐species and single‐species analyses. This suggests that herbaceous species have a similar trade‐off between plant hydraulic efficiency and safety as found in woody plants. Mean annual temperature was a stronger driver of trait variation than mean annual precipitation. We also found phylogenetic signal in leaf and stem structural traits (i.e., closely related species are more similar than distantly related species), but not in physiological or belowground traits. Our results demonstrate significant trait variation within and among species of Costus, a widespread understory and herbaceous genus in the tropics, which is driven by both climate and shared evolutionary history.
Theoretical study of a novel resettable‐inertia damper: Dynamic modeling, equivalent linearization, and performance assessment
Authors: Liang Qigang , Yu Delei , Wei Jinyuan , Li Luyu , Ou Jinping
Published: June 2024

To passively achieve an inertial device with unidirectional force transmission similar to Bang Bang control, this study introduces a novel energy dissipation device known as the resettable‐inertia damper (RID). The ingenious motion principles of the RID, encompassing a rack‐and‐pinion, bevel gear commutation system, speed transmission, and eddy current damping, are elucidated in detail. In particular, a unidirectional rotational flywheel within the device selectively engages when the primary structure reciprocates. The physical mass of the flywheel undergoes conversion into an amplified inertia through the rack‐and‐pinion mechanism, which enables the enhancement of damping effects coupling the flywheel rotation and eddy current configuration. A coupled multibody dynamic model, combining the clutching effect, the flywheel inertia, and the rotational damping, is formulated to analyze the system with RID (RIDS). Currently, an analysis of the hysteretic behaviors of RID is carried out. To facilitate the design and evaluation of the performance of RIDS, an equivalent linearization method is proposed for RIDS. The feasibility of this simplified method is validated under harmonic excitation. Additionally, the study examines the performance of equivalent linear systems (ELSs) and RIDS under natural ground motions and stochastic stationary excitation in peak and variance responses levels, respectively. Comparison of RID with traditional inerter shows that RID can achieve a more pronounced control with less force transferred to the structure and with the potential to recover vibration energy, highlighting its unique advantages.