bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate diagnosis of lymphoma on whole-slide histopathology images using deep learning
Authors: Syrykh Charlotte , Abreu Arnaud , Amara Nadia , Siegfried Aurore , Maisongrosse Véronique , Frenois François X. , Martin Laurent , Rossi Cédric , Laurent Camille , Brousset Pierre
Published: May 2020

Histopathological diagnosis of lymphomas represents a challenge requiring either expertise or centralised review, and greatly depends on the technical process of tissue sections. Hence, we developed an innovative deep-learning framework, empowered with a certainty estimation level, designed for haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides analysis, with special focus on follicular lymphoma (FL) diagnosis. Whole-slide images of lymph nodes affected by FL or follicular hyperplasia were used for training, validating, and finally testing Bayesian neural networks (BNN). These BNN provide a diagnostic prediction coupled with an effective certainty estimation, and generate accurate diagnosis with an area under the curve reaching 0.99. Through its uncertainty estimation, our network is also able to detect unfamiliar data such as other small B cell lymphomas or technically heterogeneous cases from external centres. We demonstrate that machine-learning techniques are sensitive to the pre-processing of histopathology slides and require appropriate training to build universal tools to aid diagnosis.
Thiometallate precursors for the synthesis of supported Pt and PtNi nanoparticle electrocatalysts: Size-focusing by S capping
Authors: Choi Wooyong , Kim Jong Min , Hwang Chang-Kyu , Choe Myeonggi , Baek Seongheon , Ban Hyeong Woo , Gu Da Hwi , Jeong Hyewon , Chae Keun Hwa , Lim Youngjoon , Lee Zonghoon , Kim Jin Young , Son Jae Sung
Published: May 2020

Pt- and Ni-based thiometallates were developed as precursors to synthesize highly durable and monodispersed Pt/C and PtNi/C nano-sized electrocatalysts.
iso-μmGene: an isothermal amplification-based portable microfluidic system for simple, reliable and flexibly multiplexed genetic identification and quantification
Authors: Zhong Runtao , Liu Shilin , Zhang Guohao , Wang Mengyu , Sun Yeqing
Published: May 2020

We present a portable microfluidic LAMP system (iso-μmGene) with features of multi-well chips for convenient filling and reliable sealing, flexible detection throughput, and stand-alone and well-performing point of care device for genetic testing.
A versatile ultrafine and super-absorptive H+-modified montmorillonite: application for metabolic syndrome intervention and gastric mucosal protection
Authors: Wang Qiwen , Shen Jie , Mo Enqi , Zhang Haotian , Wang Jianwei , Hu Xiurong , Zhou Jun , Bai Hongzhen , Tang Guping
Published: May 2020

An H+-modified montmorillonite (H-MMT) was prepared using an acid modification method to obtain powerful absorption ability as a theranostic platform for both metabolic syndrome and gastric mucosa protection.
Recent developments in cyclopropene chemistry
Authors: Li Penghua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shi Min
Published: May 2020

As readily accessible strained carbocycles, cyclopropenes show a diverse range of reactivities, and a lot of novel and useful transformations have been developed.
Aza-Henry and aza-Knoevenagel reactions of nitriles for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]indoles
Authors: Zalte Rajesh R. , Festa Alexey A. , Golantsov Nikita E. , Subramani Karthikeyan , Rybakov Victor B. , Varlamov Alexey V. , Luque Rafael , Voskressensky Leonid G.
Published: May 2020

N-(Propargyl)indole-2-carbonitriles undergo DBU-catalyzed addition of CH-acids to nitriles, followed by cyclization to give 9-aminopyrido[1,2-a]indoles.
Teaching old indicators even more tricks: binding affinity measurements with the guest-displacement assay (GDA)
Authors: Sinn Stephan , Krämer Joana , Biedermann Frank
Published: May 2020

A simple change has important consequences: the guest-displacement assay (GDA) is introduced which allows for binding affinity determinations of supramolecular complexes with spectroscopically silent hosts and guests.
Highly green fluorescent Nb2C MXene quantum dots
Authors: Xu Quan , Ma Junfei , Khan Waleed , Zeng Xianbing , Li Neng , Cao Yi , Zhao Xuelin , Xu Meng
Published: May 2020

Here, two dimensional Nb2C quantum dots with green fluorescence were fabricated for the first time with a quantum yield (QY) of up to 19%, the highest reported for Nb2C dots so far with good photostability and pH stability.
An N,N′-diethylformamide solvent-induced conversion cascade within a metal–organic framework single crystal
Authors: Chen Jing , Chao Meng-Yao , Yan Liu  , Xu Bo-Wei , Zhang Wen-Hua , Young David J.
Published: May 2020

A two-dimensional metal–organic framework undergoes four-step single-crystal to single-crystals conversions, including a three-step DEF-induced cascade conversion to shuttle back to its original connectivity.
Enabling electrochemical compatibility of non-flammable phosphate electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries by tuning their molar ratios of salt to solvent
Authors: Liu Xingwei , Shen Xiaohui , Zhong Faping , Feng Xiangming , Chen Weihua , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang
Published: May 2020

A stable phosphate electrolyte with a high molar ratio (1 : 2) but a low molar concentration (1.35 M) is developed.
Syntheses of Nymphaea-like BiOCl with oxygen vacancies for effective removal of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Hou Weidong , Yang Jia , Xu Haiming , Li Dongya , Zou Zhongwei , Xia Dongsheng
Published: May 2020

The Nymphaea-like structure and abundant oxygen vacancies result in excellent properties of BiOCl.
First preparation of microporous AFY-type MeAPOs by topotactic pillaring of lamellar aluminophosphate precursors
Authors: Maeda Kazuyuki , Wakui Kentaro , Arakawa Kyosuke , Kondo Atsushi
Published: May 2020

Topotactic pillaring of lamellar aluminophosphate (ALPO) layers with zinc cations is used to prepare microporous zincoaluminophosphate (ZnAPO) with an AFY-type framework for the first time.
Conjugated bilayer structure of the homogeneous solid–liquid interface of metals
Authors: Wu Yong Quan , Zhang Kai , Xiao Jun Jiang , Jiang Ye Wei , Lv Lin Lin
Published: May 2020

The knowledge about the homogeneous solid–liquid interface is promoted in this work from traditional concept of “interface region” to a new “conjugated bilayer structure” that reveals the intrinsic structure of the interface.
Neural network assisted analysis of bimetallic nanocatalysts using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy
Authors: Marcella Nicholas , Liu Yang , Timoshenko Janis , Guan Erjia , Luneau Mathilde , Shirman Tanya , Plonka Anna M. , van der Hoeven Jessi E. S. , Aizenberg Joanna , Friend Cynthia M. , Frenkel Anatoly I.
Published: May 2020

Trained neural networks are used to extract the first partial coordination numbers from XANES spectra. In bimetallic nanoparticles, the four local structure descriptors provide rich information on structural motifs.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Investigation on the structure and thermoelectric properties of CuxTe binary compounds”’ by A. H. Barajas-Aguilar, A. M. Garay-Tapia, and S. J. Jiménez-Sandoval, Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, DOI: 10.1039/C9DT03607E
Authors: Mukherjee Shriparna , Chetty Raju , Madduri P. V. Prakash , Nayak Ajaya K. , Wojciechowski Krzysztof , Ghosh Tanmoy , Chattopadhyay Kamanio , Suwas Satyam , Mallik Ramesh Chandra
Published: May 2020

In a communication to Dalton Transaction and in a paper in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Aarón H. Barajas-Aguilar et al. have raised comments on our paper published earlier in Dalton Transactions.
Novel 0D-nanocarbon-silica ceramic composites: sol–gel synthesis and high-temperature evolution
Authors: Ott Alexander , Rogg Simone , Lauterbach Stefan , Kleebe Hans-Joachim , Hess Christian , Mera Gabriela
Published: May 2020

Novel mesoporous, high specific surface area (up to 562 m2g−1) 0D-nanocarbon-based silicon-containing ceramic composites were produced by a straightforward sol–gel method followed by polymer-to-ceramic transformation.
Encapsulation of Cu nanoparticles in nanovoids of plate-like silica sodalite through interlayer condensation of Cu2+ ion-exchanged layered silicate RUB-15
Authors: Koike Masakazu , Sakai Rika , Enomoto Shimpei , Mino Takeshi , Sugimura Natsuhiko , Gotoh Takahiro , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: May 2020

Cu nanoparticles were encapsulated in the nanovoids of plate-like silica sodalite through the interlayer condensation of Cu2+ ion-exchanged layered silicate RUB-15.
A high performance method for the accurate and precise determination of silicon isotopic compositions in bulk silicate rock samples using laser ablation MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Zhao He , Zhang Wen , Luo Tao , Li Ming , Zong Keqing , Liu Yongsheng , Hu Zhaochu
Published: May 2020

This study presents the most efficient silicon isotopic analysis method for bulk silicate rock samples by both nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICP-MS.
Iodine decorated-UiO-67 MOF as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Norouzi Fataneh , Khavasi Hamid Reza
Published: May 2020

An iodine-decorated UiO-67 MOF, UiO-67(I)2 is constructed via the incorporation of iodine groups into the BPDC linker. This decorated MOF exhibited a strong fluorescence response towards halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs).
High-performance carbon dioxide capture and storage by multi-functional sphingosine kinase inhibitors through a CO2-philic membrane
Authors: Hosseini Seyede Tahereh , Raissi Heidar , Pakdel Majid
Published: May 2020

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using environmentally friendly sphingosine-based materials was theoretically studied.
A turn-on luminescent probe for Fe3+and ascorbic acid with logic gate operation based on a zinc(ii)-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Tang Jing , Feng Doudou , Yang Jie , Ma Xuehui , Wang Xiao-Qing
Published: May 2020

A zinc(ii)-based metal–organic framework exhibits fluorescence turn-on behaviour for Fe3+and AA with high sensitivity and selectivity.
A novel carbazolyl GFP chromophore analogue: synthesis strategy and acidic pH-activatable lysosomal probe for tracing endogenous viscosity changes
Authors: Zhi Xu , Shen Baoxing , Qian Ying
Published: May 2020

A novel, acidic pH-activatable carbazolyl GFP chromophore analogue was designed for tracing lysosomal viscosity changes.
Graphene nanoribbons as flexible docks for chemiresistive sensing of gas phase explosives
Authors: Zhang Jie , Fahrenthold Eric P.
Published: May 2020

Oblique view of a sensing nanoribbon in equilibrium with an analyte molecule.
Synergistic tuning of oxygen vacancies and d-band centers of ultrathin cobaltous dihydroxycarbonate nanowires for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: He Chuansheng , Huang Min , Wang Guojing , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaohong , Fan Louzhen , Li Yunchao
Published: May 2020

Synergistic tuning of oxygen vacancies and d-band centers of ultrathin cobaltous dihydroxycarbonate nanowires enabling excellent electrocatalytic OER performance.
Ru and RuOxdecorated carbon nitride for efficient ammonia photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Xiyi , Ruan Qiushi , Tang Junwang
Published: May 2020

A ternary heterostructure Ru/RuO2/g-C3N4was designed for ammonia photosynthesis under visible light irradiation, which exhibited 6 times higher activity with excellent stability than the pristine g-C3N4.
Catalyst- and solvent-free efficient access to N-alkylated amines via reductive amination using HBpin
Authors: Pandey Vipin K. , Bauri Somnath , Rit Arnab
Published: May 2020

A general method for catalyst- and solvent-free room temperature reductive amination has been developed and it efficiently delivers a wide range of sterically and electronically diverse secondary amines in one-pot.
An ionic diode based on a spontaneously formed polypyrrole-modified graphene oxide membrane
Authors: Luo Rifeng , Xiao Tianliang , Li Wenping , Liu Zhaoyue , Wang Yao
Published: May 2020

We described an ionic diode based on polypyrrole-modified graphene oxide membrane, which was prepared by a spontaneous oxidation polymerization of pyrrole monomers.
La2O2CO3:Tb3+ one-dimensional nanorod with green persistent luminescence
Authors: Dou Xiaojing , Li Yang , Kang Ru , Lian Huiwang , Li Zhenzhang
Published: May 2020

Trivalent terbium-doped oxycarbonate (La2O2CO3:1%Tb3+) one-dimensional nanorods are synthesized via a facile precipitation method.
MOF-derived (MoS2, γ-Fe2O3)/graphene Z-scheme photocatalysts with excellent activity for oxygen evolution under visible light irradiation
Authors: Li Ang , Liu Yuxiang , Xu Xuejun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Si Zhichun , Wu Xiaodong , Ran Rui , Weng Duan
Published: May 2020

The heterojunction between MoS2 and γ-Fe2O3 was constructed via linking by in situ formed graphene, which resulted in a good photocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, showing O2 evolution activity of 4400 μmol g−1 h−1.
Dendrimer crown-ether tethered multi-wall carbon nanotubes support methyltrioxorhenium in the selective oxidation of olefins to epoxides
Authors: Bizzarri Bruno Mattia , Fanelli Angelica , Botta Lorenzo , Sadun Claudia , Gontrani Lorenzo , Ferella Francesco , Crucianelli Marcello , Saladino Raffaele
Published: May 2020

Benzo-15-crown-5 ether supported on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by tethered poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers efficiently coordinated methyltrioxorhenium in the selective oxidation of olefins to epoxides.
Addressing diversity and inclusion through group comparisons: a primer on measurement invariance testing
Authors: Rocabado Guizella A. , Komperda Regis , Lewis Jennifer E. , Barbera Jack
Published: May 2020

As the field of chemistry education moves toward greater inclusion and increased participation by underrepresented minorities, standards for investigating the differential impacts and outcomes of learning environments have to be considered. While quantitative methods may not be capable of generating the in-depth nuances of qualitative methods, they can provide meaningful insights when applied at the group level. Thus, when we conduct quantitative studies in which we aim to learn about the similarities or differences of groups within the same learning environment, we must raise our standards of measurement and safeguard against threats to the validity of inferences that might favor one group over another. One way to provide evidence that group comparisons are supported in a quantitative study is by conducting measurement invariance testing. In this manuscript, we explain the basic concepts of measurement invariance testing within a confirmatory factor analysis framework with examples and a step-by-step tutorial. Each of these steps is an opportunity to safeguard against interpretation of group differences that may be artifacts of the assessment instrument functioning rather than true differences between groups. Reflecting on and safeguarding against threats to the validity of the inferences we can draw from group comparisons will aid in providing more accurate information that can be used to transform our chemistry classrooms into more socially inclusive environments. To catalyze this effort, we provide code in the ESI for two different software packages (R and Mplus) so that interested readers can learn to use these methods with the simulated data provided and then apply the methods to their own data. Finally, we present implications and a summary table for researchers, practitioners, journal editors, and reviewers as a reference when conducting, reading, or reviewing quantitative studies in which group comparisons are performed.
Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects
Authors: Napolitano Simone
Published: May 2020

This review invites us to reconsider the way we look at interfaces: from a mere expression of intermolecular potentials to versatile processing parameters.
High-performance electrochromo-supercapacitors based on the synergetic effect between aqueous Al3+ and ordered hexagonal tungsten oxide nanorod arrays
Authors: Huo Xiangtao , Miao Xiwang , Han Xing , Tang Shujie , Zhang Mei , Guo Min
Published: May 2020

An electrochromo-supercapacitor, due to the synergetic effect between aqueous Al3+ and ordered hexagonal WO3 nanorod arrays, showed excellent electrochromic–capacitive dual-performance.
Construction of superhydrophilic hierarchical polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes by in situ asymmetry engineering for unprecedently ultrafast oil–water emulsion separation
Authors: Cheng XiQuan , Sun Zekun , Yang Xiaobin , Li Zhixing , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Peng , Liang Heng , Ma Jun , Shao Lu
Published: May 2020

With multi-hydrophilic functional networks, asymmetric PAN nanofiber membranes with finely tailored pore structures and hydrophilicity are constructed and show high permeance 22 000 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, separation efficiency 99.2% and flux recovery rate 98%.
Development of mucoadhesive cationic polypeptide micelles for sustained cabozantinib release and inhibition of corneal neovascularization
Authors: Han Haijie , Yin Qichuan , Tang Xiajing , Yu Xiaoning , Gao Qiang , Tang Yelei , Grzybowski Andrzej , Yao Ke , Ji Jian , Shentu Xingchao
Published: May 2020

A simple and safe administration for effective inhibition of corneal neovascularization through cationic polypeptide micelles loaded with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, cabozantinib.
Ba6In6Zn4Se19: a high performance infrared nonlinear optical crystal with [InSe3]3− trigonal planar functional motifs
Authors: Zhou Anyi , Lin Chensheng , Li Bingxuan , Cheng Wendan , Guo Zhengxiao , Hou Zhufeng , Yuan Fangyu , Chai Guo-Liang
Published: May 2020

A new crystal Ba6In6Zn4Se19 with a trigonal planar functional motif [InSe3]3− is synthesized and shows well-balanced NLO performance.
Color-tunable upconversion luminescence and prolonged Eu3+ fluorescence lifetime in fluoride KCdF3:Yb3+,Mn2+,Eu3+via controllable and efficient energy transfer
Authors: Han Xinxin , Song Enhai , Chen Weibin , Zhou Yayun , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: May 2020

Intense Eu3+ upconversion emission is realized in KCdF3:Yb3+,Mn2+,Eu3+via controllable and efficient unidirectional energy transfer from Yb3+-Mn2+ dimers. Moreover, significantly prolonged Eu3+ UC emission lifetime is observed in this system.
Physical activity and markers of glycation in older individuals: data from a combined cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial (EXAMIN AGE)
Authors: D.G. Van den Eynde Mathias , Streese Lukas , J.H.M. Houben Alfons , D.A. Stehouwer Coen , L.J.M. Scheijen Jean , G. Schalkwijk Casper , M.J. Hanssen Nordin , Hanssen Henner
Published: May 2020

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are protein modifications that are predominantly formed from dicarbonyl compounds that arise from glucose and lipid metabolism. AGEs and sedentary behavior have been identified as a driver of accelerated (vascular) aging. The effect of physical activity on AGE accumulation is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma AGEs and dicarbonyl levels are different across older individuals that were active or sedentary and whether plasma AGEs are affected by high-intensity interval training (HIIT).

Methods: We included healthy older active (HA, n=38, 44.7% female, 60.1 ± 7.7 years old) and healthy older sedentary (HS, n=36, 72.2% female, 60.0 ± 7.3 years old) individuals as well as older sedentary individuals with increased cardiovascular risk (SR, n=84, 50% female, 58.7 ± 6.6 years old). The SR group was randomized into a 12-week walking-based HIIT program or control group. We measured protein-bound and free plasma AGEs and dicarbonyls by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) at baseline and after the HIIT intervention.

Results: Protein-bound AGE Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) was lower in SR (2.6 ± 0.5 μmol/l) and HS (3.1 ± 0.5 μmol/l) than in HA (3.6 ± 0.6 μmol/l; P<0.05) and remained significantly lower after adjustment for several potential confounders. None of the other glycation markers were different between HS and HA. HIIT did not change plasma AGEs and dicarbonyls in SR.

Discussion: Although lifestyle interventions may act as important modulators of cardiovascular risk, HIIT is not a potent short-term intervention to reduce glycation in older individuals, underlining the need for other approaches, such as pharmacological agents, to reduce AGEs and lower cardiovascular risk in this population.
Cross‐domain speaker recognition using domain adversarial siamese network with a domain discriminator
Authors: Chen Zhigao , Miao Xiaoxiao , Xiao Runqiu , Wang Wenchao
Published: May 2020

With the widespread use of automatic speaker recognition in realistic world, it suffers a lot when there is a domain mismatch, including channel, language, distance etc. Recent research studies have introduced the adversarial‐learning mechanism into deep neural networks to reduce the distribution mismatch between different domains. However, they only aligned the domain distributions between the background training and evaluation data. Few focused on the diverse distribution underlying the enrol and test data. In this Letter, the authors propose a domain adversarial siamese (DAS) network trying to eliminate the domain influence on speech representation. Specifically, they feed a network with speech pairs from the same speaker. Then a domain discriminator is introduced to capture the domain consistence or difference between pairs. Final embeddings become domain‐invariant and more speaker‐discriminative. A cross‐channel data set is sort out from NIST speaker recognition evaluation and more experiments are conducted on AISHELL‐Wake‐Up‐1 data set. Results show that DAS performs equally effective with typical domain adversarial methods, improving results at least on energy efficiency rating. Furthermore, it is proved to be more valid for scenarios such as unbalanced data amount and unknown domain, achieving relatively improvements.
Downlink coverage analysis based on hybrid model with dual‐slope path loss
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sung Dan Keun
Published: May 2020

A novel hybrid model with dual‐slope path loss is proposed to analyse the coverage probability for a given cell, and its coverage probability formula is derived by using a newly dual‐slope path loss expression. A change of base station (BS) density may affect coverage probability obviously, yielding a low bound to simulation result of actual BSs. When the ratio of two path loss factor values is in a higher range, less BSs can achieve the same coverage probability. For the same SINR threshold and BS density, the coverage probability becomes higher under a lower range of path loss factor ratio.
Efficient frequency‐domain linear distortion equaliser in faster‐than‐Nyquist systems
Authors: Li Qiang , Gao Yang , Gong Feng‐Kui , Li Guo , Zhai Sheng‐Hua
Published: May 2020

Faster‐than‐Nyquist (FTN) signalling is regarded as a promising technology in satellite communications for the past few years, however, existing inter‐symbol interference (ISI) elimination algorithms for FTN signalling cannot eliminate the linear distortion caused by the input‐multiplexing and output‐multiplexing filters, which are very common in satellite communications. On the strength of the fractionally‐spaced equaliser (FSE), the authors propose a precoding‐based frequency‐domain linear distortion equaliser (PFLDE) to eliminate the above‐mentioned linear distortion in FTN systems. On the one hand, by virtue of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT, the proposed PFLDE lends itself naturally to high‐throughput parallel architectures, which are quite essential in high throughput satellite communications. On the other hand, the mean square error performance of the proposed PFLDE is superior to that of the existing time‐domain FSEs. Furthermore, combining PFLDE with the existing ISI elimination algorithms for FTN signalling, the satisfactory bit error ratio performance can be obtained.
Markov decision process‐based computation offloading algorithm and resource allocation in time constraint for mobile cloud computing
Authors: Gao Zihan , Hao Wanming , Zhang Ruizhe , Yang Shouyi
Published: May 2020

With the increasing development of cloud computing and wireless technology, mobile cloud computing has been developed to alleviate the limitation of battery capacity and computing capability of the mobile device by offloading some computation‐intensive tasks onto the cloud. However, the extra consumption for transmission from the mobile device to the remote cloud may lead to degradation of performance. To this end, the authors develop a Markov decision process‐based computation offloading (MDPCO) algorithm to minimise the energy efficiency cost (EEC) from a global perspective by jointly optimising the resource allocation and offloading decisions. Firstly, they formulate an EEC minimisation problem for a single‐chain application with M tasks. Due to the difficulty to directly solve the formulated problem, they decompose it into multiple subproblems and preferentially optimise the local computing frequency and transmission power by distributed algorithm under hard time constraints. Based on this, they proposed the Markov decision process‐based offloading algorithm to preschedule the computing side for each task from a global perspective to minimise the EEC further. The simulation results show that the performance of the MDPCO algorithm is significantly superior to that of the other algorithms under different parameters.
Techniques for extending unicast CR networks to multi‐source multi‐destination over Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Ali Mustafa M. , Ahmed Alaa H. , Nazar Basma
Published: May 2020

In this work, the authors propose a novel technique to extend the scope of cognitive radio (CR) networks to multiple source–destination pairs. To accomplish this, a simplified feasible path set is formed and then three types of criteria or methods are employed to reach a solution for the best path for each pair. This set is defined by non‐intersecting paths which do not share any relay nodes. This not only solves the problem at hand but also greatly reduces the complexity which leads to a fast solution. The first method uses the maximum probability of success as a means for selecting the best path. In the second method, a fast and simple technique is used by choosing the minimum number of overall hops for path selection. The element with the minimum overall transmission time is selected for data transmission in the third technique. Finally, the proposed methods are compared through simulation to a unicast single user case in terms of throughput and packet delivery rate. The simulation results show that the first method has the best performance while the second method is slightly worse but faster.
ADFNet: accumulated decoder features for real‐time semantic segmentation
Authors: Choi Hyunguk , Ahn Hoyeon , Kim Joonmo , Jeon Moongu
Published: May 2020

Semantic segmentation is one of the important technologies in autonomous driving, and ensuring its real‐time and high performance is of utmost importance for the safety of pedestrians and passengers. To improve its performance using deep neural networks that operate in real‐time, the authors propose a simple and efficient method called ADFNet using accumulated decoder features, ADFNet operates by only using the decoder information without skip connections between the encoder and decoder. They demonstrate that the performance of ADFNet is superior to that of the state‐of‐the‐art methods, including that of the baseline network on the cityscapes dataset. Further, they analyse the results obtained via ADFNet using class activation maps and RGB representations for image segmentation results.
Partial disentanglement of hierarchical variational auto‐encoder for texture synthesis
Authors: Jakab Marek , Hudec Lukas , Benesova Wanda
Published: May 2020

Multiple research studies have recently demonstrated deep networks can generate realistic‐looking textures and stylised images from a single texture example. However, they suffer from some drawbacks. Generative adversarial networks are in general difficult to train. Multiple feature variations, encoded in their latent representation, require a priori information to generate images with specific features. The auto‐encoders are prone to generate a blurry output. One of the main reasons is the inability to parameterise complex distributions. The authors present a novel texture generative model architecture extending the variational auto‐encoder approach. It gradually increases the accuracy of details in the reconstructed images. Thanks to the proposed architecture, the model is able to learn a higher level of details resulting from the partial disentanglement of latent variables. The generative model is also capable of synthesising complex real‐world textures. The model consists of multiple separate latent layers responsible for learning the gradual levels of texture details. Separate training of latent representations increases the stability of the learning process and provides partial disentanglement of latent variables. The experiments with proposed architecture demonstrate the potential of variational auto‐encoders in the domain of texture synthesis and also tend to yield sharper reconstruction as well as synthesised texture images.
Multi‐mode neural network for human action recognition
Authors: Zhao Haohua , Xue Weichen , Li Xiaobo , Gu Zhangxuan , Niu Li , Zhang Liqing
Published: May 2020

Video data are of two different intrinsic modes, in‐frame and temporal. It is beneficial to incorporate static in‐frame features to acquire dynamic features for video applications. However, some existing methods such as recurrent neural networks do not have a good performance, and some other such as 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are both memory consuming and time consuming. This study proposes an effective framework that takes the advantage of deep learning on the static image feature extraction to tackle the video data. After extracting in‐frame feature vectors using a pretrained deep network, the authors integrate them and form a multi‐mode feature matrix, which preserves the multi‐mode structure and high‐level representation. They propose two models for follow‐up classification. The authors first introduce a temporal CNN, which directly feeds the multi‐mode feature matrix into a CNN. However, they show that characteristics of the multi‐mode features differ significantly in distinct modes. The authors therefore further propose the multi‐mode neural network (MMNN), in which different modes deploy different types of layers. They evaluate their algorithm with the task of human action recognition. The experimental results show that the MMNN achieves a much better performance than the existing long short‐term memory‐based methods and consumes far fewer resources than the existing 3D end‐to‐end models.
Torque characteristics enhancement of ring winding axial flux permanent magnet generator for direct‐drive wind turbine
Authors: Gharehseyed Saber , Vahedi Abolfazl , Nobahari Amin , Darjazini Amir
Published: May 2020

Ring winding axial flux permanent magnet (PM) machine (RWAFPM) has recently been introduced, which is beneficial in terms of manufacturability and fault tolerability. This study aims to examine the use of RWAFPM for a small‐scale direct‐drive wind generator. The structural features of the RWAFPM make it subjected to remarkable cogging torque. Accordingly, the main efforts of this study are focused on finding a proper solution for its torque profile challenges. In this regard, extensive investigations are carried out on rotor design improvements. First, several schemes are analysed, separately, including pole skewing, pole arc ratio modifying, pole grouping and rotor disks shifting. Then an optimum combination of selected schemes is calculated by the Taguchi method and considering the mean torque value as well as the PM usage. It is demonstrated that significantly improved results could be achieved mainly through cost‐effective modified fabrication. The 3D finite element models are employed throughout the study along with some experimental measurements to verify the results.
Unsupervised multiscale retinal blood vessel segmentation using fundus images
Authors: Upadhyay Kamini , Agrawal Monika , Vashist Praveen
Published: May 2020

Blood vessel segmentation is a vital step in automated diagnosis of retinal diseases. Some retinal diseases progress with structural changes in the vessels whereas in others, vessels may remain unaffected. Segmentation of vessels is inevitable in both the cases. The extracted vessel map can be studied for these structural changes or can be removed to highlight other abnormalities of the retina. This study presents a rule‐based retinal blood vessel segmentation algorithm. It implements two multi‐scale approaches, local directional‐wavelet transform and global curvelet transform, together in a novel manner for vessel enhancement and thereby segmentation. The authors have proposed a generic field‐of‐view mask for extraction of region‐of‐interest. Further, a morphological thickness‐correction step, to recover vessel‐boundary pixels, is also proposed. The significant contribution of this work is, segmentation of fine vessels while preserving the thickness of major vessels. Moreover, the algorithm is robust, as it performs consistently well, on four public databases, DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB‐1 and HRF. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of eight measures : accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F‐1 score, G‐mean, MCC and AUC, where it has outperformed many other existing methods. Zero data dependency gives the suggested algorithm, an edge over other state‐of‐the‐art supervised methods.
Extreme learning machine with feature mapping of kernel function
Authors: Wang Zhaoxi , Chen Shengyong , Guo Rongwei , Li Bin , Feng Yangbo
Published: May 2020

Kernel‐based extreme learning machine (KELM) solves the problem of random initialisation of extreme learning machine (ELM), and it has a faster learning speed and higher learning accuracy. However, when it comes to a scenario in which the dimensionality of kernel function mapping space is less than the number of samples, the kernel function theoretically cannot be introduced into ELM. To solve this problem, ELM with feature mapping (FM) of kernel function (FM‐KELM) is proposed in this study, in which the random FM between the input layer and hidden layer of ELM is replaced with the FM of the kernel function. Moreover, the authors prove that when the regularised parameter C is close to zero, the solution of introduced kernel function is approximately equal to the correct solution. The proposed algorithm is more robust than KELM for the parameter C. Several experimental results show that the proposed algorithm in this study achieves higher classification accuracy without excessive parameter tuning, and the duration of the training and testing process is significantly reduced.
Dynamic gesture recognition based on feature fusion network and variant ConvLSTM
Authors: Peng Yuqing , Tao Huifang , Li Wei , Yuan Hongtao , Li Tiejun
Published: May 2020

Gesture is a natural form of human communication, and it is of great significance in human–computer interaction. In the dynamic gesture recognition method based on deep learning, the key is to obtain comprehensive gesture feature information. Aiming at the problem of inadequate extraction of spatiotemporal features or loss of feature information in current dynamic gesture recognition, a new gesture recognition architecture is proposed, which combines feature fusion network with variant convolutional long short‐term memory (ConvLSTM). The architecture extracts spatiotemporal feature information from local, global and deep aspects, and combines feature fusion to alleviate the loss of feature information. Firstly, local spatiotemporal feature information is extracted from video sequence by 3D residual network based on channel feature fusion. Then the authors use the variant ConvLSTM to learn the global spatiotemporal information of dynamic gesture, and introduce the attention mechanism to change the gate structure of ConvLSTM. Finally, a multi‐feature fusion depthwise separable network is used to learn higher‐level features including depth feature information. The proposed approach obtains very competitive performance on the Jester dataset with the classification accuracies of 95.59%, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance with 99.65% accuracy on the SKIG (Sheffifield Kinect Gesture) dataset.
Hybrid deep emperor penguin classifier algorithm‐based image quality assessment for visualisation application in HDR environments
Authors: Tade Sunil L. , Vyas Vibha
Published: May 2020

One of the main open challenges in visualisation applications such as cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor, liquid‐crystal display (LCD), and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display is the robustness for high dynamic range (HDR) environs. This is due to the imperfections in the sensor and the incapability to track interest points successfully because of the brightness constancy in visualisation applications. To address this problem, different tone mapping operators are required for visualising HDR images on standard displays. However, these standard displays have different dynamic ranges. Thus, there is a need for a new model to find the best quality tone mapped image for specific kinds of visualisation applications. The authors propose a hybrid deep emperor penguin classifier to accurately classify the tone mapped images for different visualisation applications. Here, a selective deep neural network is trained to predict the quality of a tone‐mapped image. Based on this quality, a decision is made as to the suitability of the image for CRT monitor, LCD display or OLED display. Also, they evaluate the proposed model on the TMIQD database and the simulation results prove that the proposed model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art image quality assessment methods.
High CM suppression balanced SIW BPF and HMSIW directional coupler utilising perfect electric conductor/perfect magnetic conductor characteristic
Authors: Deng Hong‐wei , Sun Liang , Zhu Jia‐ming , Han Yang‐kun , Xue Yi‐fan
Published: May 2020

In this study, high common‐mode (CM) suppression balanced substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) and half‐mode SIW (HMSIW) directional coupler are formed by two vertically stacked identical SIW or HMSIW single‐ended ones and an aperture etched on the common ground between them. Under CM operation, the aperture is perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). When the height is less than λg/4, the space between perfect electric conductor and PMC cannot transmit electromagnetic wave and a total reflection is got at the aperture edge. So, the aperture structure in SIW can effectively cut off CM noise over a wide frequency range. For the HMSIW, the spoof surface plasmon polariton structure is further loaded in the aperture near the open circuit plane to suppress the slot line mode (main TE mode). The CM suppression can be basically made independent of differential‐mode response, which is very important to simplify the design and tuning processes. Finally, high CM suppression balanced SIW BPF and HMSIW directional coupler are designed and fabricated. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results demonstrate the validity of proposed configurations.
Evanescent wave optical fibre ammonia sensor with methylamine hydroiodide
Authors: Thangaraj Subashini , Paramasivan Chandrasekar , Balusamy Renganathan , Arumainathan Stephen , Thanigainathan Prakash
Published: May 2020

A small portion of an optical fibre clad was removed and coated with methylamine hydroiodide by a slurry deposition process to develop an evanescent wave optical fibre ammonia sensor. The experiment was performed for a few volatile organic compounds in order to understand the selectivity and sensitivity. Prior to the gas sensing measurement, the methylamine hydroiodide sample was characterised using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, diffuse reflectance and UV–Vis spectroscopy. In order to understand the sensor response, the samples were independently exposed to acetone, ammonia, ethanol and methanol gases and then analysed using the XRD technique. This analysis reveals that the structural variation is observed because of the ammonia exposure as compared to other gases. It has initiated to fabricate a clad‐modified optical fibre ammonia sensor that exhibits ∼28% of the sensitivity. These experimental results are discussed in detail.
3D path planner of an autonomous underwater vehicle to track an emitter using frequency and azimuth–elevation angle measurements
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: May 2020

This study considers the 3D scenario where an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) tracks an emitter while estimating the emitter's location by measuring the emitter's frequency and elevation–azimuth angle. To enhance the emitter estimation based on frequency–angle measurements, this study presents an AUV's path planner considering acceleration limits, such as the bounded turn rate. As far as the author's knowledge, the proposed path planner is novel in presenting an AUV's 3D path planner to enhance the emitter estimation based on frequency–angle measurements. The proposed 3D planner is useful in underwater target tracking, since the AUV approaches the emitter while avoiding 3D threat environments. The effectiveness of the proposed planner is verified by utilising simulations.
From the bulge to the outer disc: StarHorse stellar parameters, distances, and extinctions for stars in APOGEE DR16 and other spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Queiroz A. B. A. , Anders F. , Chiappini C. , Khalatyan A. , Santiago B. X. , Steinmetz M. , Valentini M. , Miglio A. , Bossini D. , Barbuy B. , Minchev I. , Minniti D. , García Hernández D. A. , Schultheis M. , Beaton R. L. , Beers T. C. , Bizyaev D. , Brownstein J. R. , Cunha K. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Frinchaboy P. M. , Lane R. R. , Majewski S. R. , Nataf D. , Nitschelm C. , Pan K. , Roman-Lopes A. , Sobeck J. S. , Stringfellow G. , Zamora O.
Published: May 2020

We combine high-resolution spectroscopic data from APOGEE-2 survey Data Release 16 (DR16) with broad-band photometric data from several sources as well as parallaxes from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). Using the Bayesian isochrone-fitting code StarHorse, we derived the distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for around 388 815 APOGEE stars. We achieve typical distance uncertainties of ∼6% for APOGEE giants, ∼2% for APOGEE dwarfs, and extinction uncertainties of ∼0.07 mag, when all photometric information is available, and ∼0.17 mag if optical photometry is missing. StarHorse uncertainties vary with the input spectroscopic catalogue, available photometry, and parallax uncertainties. To illustrate the impact of our results, we show that thanks to Gaia DR2 and the now larger sky coverage of APOGEE-2 (including APOGEE-South), we obtain an extended map of the Galactic plane. We thereby provide an unprecedented coverage of the disc close to the Galactic mid-plane (|ZGal| < 1 kpc) from the Galactic centre out to RGal ∼ 20 kpc. The improvements in statistics as well as distance and extinction uncertainties unveil the presence of the bar in stellar density and the striking chemical duality in the innermost regions of the disc, which now clearly extend to the inner bulge. We complement this paper with distances and extinctions for stars in other public released spectroscopic surveys: 324 999 in GALAH DR2, 4 928 715 in LAMOST DR5, 408 894 in RAVE DR6, and 6095 in GES DR3.
Applied Research of NMR Movable Fluid Saturation in Development of Low Permeability Oilfield
Authors: Xingjun Gao , Baoge Cao , Yuanliu li , Ling Xiao
Published: May 2020

In order to improve the production degree of reserves in low permeability oilfield, taking Chang 2 reservoir in Bailangcheng oil region as an example, the movable fluid saturation and its influencing factors were studied by using NMR and high speed centrifugal method, on this basis, the application of movable fluid saturation in low permeability oilfield development is studied. The results show that the pore radius of low permeability reservoir is large, the micro-fine throat is developed, the movable fluid mainly exists in the volume controlled by the throat, the saturation of the movable fluid is low, and the production is difficult. Based on the relationship between the movable fluid saturation and permeability, single well geological reserves and permeability, availability of reserves and remaining movable reserves are evaluated, and the key areas of oilfield development adjustment are determined. According to the movable fluid saturation, the reservoirs are classified to predict the theoretical development effect of the reservoir, and the actual development effect of the oilfield is evaluated by the ratio of the recoverable reserves and movable reserves predicted by the dynamic method, the adjustment space of oil field is analysed. The results of this paper have important reference value for the development policy and adjustment policy of low permeability reservoir.
Research on Operation Optimization Strategy of Integrated Energy System Considering Ground Source Heat Pump
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Zhang Kai , Xu Nan , Wang Jingyan , Zhang Danyang , Wang Shuo , Wang Yongli
Published: May 2020

With the depletion of fossil energy and the popularity of renewable energy, a comprehensive energy system with the goal of improving system energy efficiency and consuming renewable energy is booming. Based on the combined heat, power, and heat generation, this paper builds a comprehensive energy system operation optimization model in conjunction with ground source heat pumps. It aims to find the optimal operation strategy based on the actual situation of the park’s load, equipment capacity, and energy prices. Using the linear programming method, a mathematical model with the best economic efficiency of the integrated energy system is established, the optimal operation strategy for a typical day is analyzed, and the annual operation is simulated. Finally, it compares with conventional energy supply methods and analyzes the contribution to the consumption of renewable energy.
Ecological Response Characteristics of Interconnected River System Network in Karst Area: A Case Study of Dabang River Basin Connecting Engineering in Guizhou Province
Authors: Liang Li , Guo Zuoqin , Yang Huixia , Zhang Hexi , Huang Wei
Published: May 2020

As an important water control strategy in the 21st century, interconnected river system network has been widely implemented in all parts of China. However, the possible ecological response mechanism which can be decided by the structure of rivers and the river-lake connectivity is still in the exploratory stage at present, especially in karst areas where the ecosystem is particularly fragile. Taking the Huangguoshu Waterfall-Wangerhe reservoir connection engineering in Dabang River Basin of Guizhou Province as an example, this paper collects the basic data of hydrometeorology, vegetation coverage and river water quality in the Dabang River Basin in the past 20 years, and study and analysis the connectivity of water system and the ecological factors based on GIS which include meteorological, terrestrial habitat and water environment before and after the completion of the Link Project. The results show that the implementation of the project not only changes the connectivity pattern of river and lake systems, but also has a significant impact on the hydrometeorology, terrestrial habitat and water environment. The increase of connectivity leads to the decrease of regional rainfall, evaporation and temperature year by year, while the vegetation coverage and water temperature show an annual upward trend. In addition, the water quality of the receiving area is better after the implementation of the river-lake link project, which does not bring water pollution risk to the receiving area.