bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Renewable Energy Consumption in Nigeria: A Toda Yamamoto Approach
Authors: Gershon O , Emekalam P
Published: March 2021

Nigeria has inadequate power supply and this issue has lingered for years despite power sector reforms. Renewable resources could to be offering sustainable alternative energy supply in rural and urban regions of Nigeria. So, the key factors that determine the utilization of renewable energy in Nigeria are estimated in this paper for a period of twenty-four years using toda yamamoto method. Long-run relationship exists between renewable energy consumption and its determinants in Nigeria. Real income (real GDP) and emissions of CO2 are the most significant determinants of oil products import demand in Nigeria. Trade Openness was found to be insignificant. The analysis showed no causality between the consumption of renewable energy and some of its determinants. However, unidirectional causality runs from CO2 emission to GDP which implies that fossil fuels are significant drivers of real GDP or economic growth for Nigeria. It is evidenced that environmental considerations are less critical than real income to the consumption and development of renewable energy in Nigeria. Policy-makers should proffer incentives and measures that incentivize increased production and consumption of renewable energy while driving macroeconomic stability – especially in post COVID-19 era.
Impact of rapid population growth on public housing schemes and the influence on city resilience
Authors: Equere Enobong B. , Ibem Eziyi O. , Alagbe Oluwole A.
Published: March 2021

Rapid population growth in urban centres has been identified as a threat to city resilience. However, in a developing country like Nigeria, there is a dearth of research on how impacts of rapid population growth on public housing schemes influence city resilience. This study evaluated selected public housing schemes in Abuja, Nigeria, to determine factors of the residents’ perception of impacts of rapid population growth on the housing estates they lived. This was with a view to assessing how these factors influence city resilience. Data for this study were collected from questionnaire administered to 345 residents of the selected public housing estates. The resident samples were asked to indicate their level of agreement/disagreement with 26 statements describing the possible impacts of rapid population growth in the housing estates they lived. The questionnaire was based on a 5-point Likert type scale ranging from 1=Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the key factors. The result reveals a mean score of 3.59, showing that the residents were in agreement on a rapid increase in population of people living in the estates. In addition, the result reveals a difference between the mean score of residents’ level of satisfaction with the house types meeting their need when they first moved into the estate (3.77) and the extent to which the same house type still satisfies their household need at the time the survey was conducted (3.18). Furthermore, seven factors of residents’ perception of impacts of rapid population growth on the estates emerged from the analysis. The first factor, which accounted for around 11.05% of the variance in the data, comprised need for the addition of more rooms in the dwelling units, consideration of distance of estates to place of work and the economic situation of residents in the estates. The application of this result to housing that influence city resilience is drawn from previous study which identified five key factors of housing that influence resilience and adaptation to stress. The result reveals that none of the seven factors of impact of rapid population growth on the estates that emerged in the current study appears as a factor that influences housing resilience and adaptation to stress. This study implies that for public housing schemes in developing countries like Nigeria to influence city resilience, housing designers and developers should consider factors of housing that are more likely to adapt to the stress of increasing population.
Assessing the Viability of Rainwater Harvesting System for Sustainable Manufacturing in Water Stressed Regions
Authors: Ogwu E. A , Igbax S. I , Ogwu A. A
Published: March 2021

Water is considered to the life wire of many manufacturing industry. Water is used for processing of materials, cooling of engines, firefighting and also important for sanitation and welfare of workers. As the population of the world increases, the demand for water to meet domestic and industrial needs of man increases. In line with sustainable development, there is need for practices in manufacturing which will help preserve scarce resources for domestic needs. The global trend in industries is sustainable manufacturing which is hinged at increasing operational efficiency and as well reducing cost and wastages. As a result, there is a growing interest on rainwater as an alternative source. In this paper, the rainwater harvesting system was assessed to establish its viability for a small scale pozzolana plant for sustainable manufacturing. The methodology adopted was estimating water consumption in the production plant and potential harvestable rainwater from the roof top. The harvestable rainwater was estimated based on the rainfall data obtained from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) and the rooftop (catchment) area was determined by taking dimensions of the rooftop to establish the area while a collection efficiency of 90% was assumed. Design and operational parameters from literature was used to describe the effectiveness of the system for the study area. Results revealed that water demand to run the plant for production and sanitation for staff welfare can be covered substantially using rainwater with a reliability of 99.7% and annual water savings of 1,350,000.00. The investment is viable and will be amortized in only 1.6 years. The rainwater harvesting system will generate economic benefits by reducing the cost of production and consequently the selling price will be reduced for consumers.
Renewable Energy Consumption Shocks on CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of Nigeria
Authors: Ezenwa N , Nwatu V , Gershon O
Published: March 2021

The paper examines the nexus among economic growth, renewable energy consumption and CO2 pollution in Nigeria. The study tested for co-integration using the Johansen technique, which is evident and applied the vector error correction model (VECM) on the annual data for the period 1990-2015. The results indicate a bi-directional causality between renewable energy consumption (REC) and economic growth (GDP). REC positively granger causes GDP in both short-run and long-run, while GDP has an adverse effect on REC in the short run. Historical decomposition of shocks reveals the relative implications of renewable energy shocks on GDP to be mostly negative between period 1990 and 2007. This is as a result of inefficient renewable technologies during the period. However, there is persistent and positive influence of REC on economic growth in the period between 2009 and 2015. Increase use of renewable technologies due to its relative affordability and better efficiency contributes to the progressive influence on economic growth. The variance decomposition analysis predicts an increase in the use of renewable energy technologies in the five year forecast period, with CO2 emissions will increasing as a consequence of dependence fossil fuel energy resources. The paper suggests environmental and tax policy instruments, as well as, effective governance to enhance environmental quality and encourage sustainable/green economic growth. The key instruments include: grants, feed-in-tariffs (FIT), production tax credits, renewable portfolio standards (RPS), and loans to enable industrial sector invest in renewable energy.
Homelessness Factors and Psychological Wellbeing Concerns in Nigerian Cities
Authors: Ekhaese E N , Evbuoma I K , Adejuwon G A , Odukoya J A
Published: March 2021

Homelessness is a social, psychological, environmental, economical, family, and individual condition that describes the homeless. The object of this paper is identify the homelessness factors and its psychological wellbeing concerns on the urban residents in Nigeria. The study employed qualitative method using observation schedule, photographs, tables, charts and interview guide to collect data among homeless people in cities across the six geopolitical zones of Nigerian. Findings indicate that homelessness are in categories, and are characterized by factors such as psychological, anthropological, ecological, economic, cultural, sociological and religious. The psychological wellbeing implications of homelessness among the homeless population in Nigerian urban cities were highlighted. The result of study showed that homelessness factors in Nigerian cities can predict the severe health and psychological wellbeing consequences of urban residents. It was concluded that the concerns of homelessness on the psychological wellbeing and general health of the homeless in Nigerian cities require urgent attention.
Imprints of security challenges on vernacular architecture of northern Nigeria: a study on Borno State
Authors: Okeke Francis O. , Chendo Ikebueze G. , Ibem Eziyi O.
Published: March 2021

Security challenges are known to have diverse negative impacts on all facets of human endeavours across the world. However, in a country like Nigeria that is faced with myriads of security challenges ranging from armed bandits to insurgences by terrorist groups, the impacts of security challenges on architecture have not been adequately explored. This research examined how security challenges have influenced the architectural forms and spatial morphology of vernacular architecture in Northern Nigeria using three Local Government Areas: Maiduguri, Nganzai and Monguno of Borno State a case study. The primary data were gathered through observations, photographic materials and oral interviews with randomly selected residents in the study area. These were complemented with the review of published literature. The results of content analysis reveal a gradual change in Northern Nigeria vernacular architecture to accommodate the myriads of security challenges confronting the region. Specifically, it was observed that changes in traditional circular houses with thatch roofs to rectangular houses and the use of modern building materials as well as emergence of gated communities abound in the study area. The study also found a decline in traditional decorations and paintings on domestic building due to the relocation of practitioners from the study area. The study concludes that in spite of the daunting security challenges, Nigerians should not abandon their rich heritage in vernacular architecture, rather, indigenous and modern architectural principles should be integrated in evolving secured human settlements in this country.
Innovation In Academic Workspace Design: The Implication For Sustainable Effectiveness
Authors: Adenipekun M.T. , Ajibola M.O. , Oluwunmi A.O.
Published: March 2021

This paper aims at discovering sustainable academic workspace design that can match the technological changes arising from emergent innovation for effectiveness in the contemporary time world of work. More often, innovation becomes disruptive to effectiveness in a short period of time. The objective of the paper illustrates the point that effectiveness of workspace influence space utilisation. Space utilisation and values determination are derivatives of design and sustainable effectiveness. The paper considers current thought in this area and presents a literature review. Emergent work modes from changing technology and innovations in workspace design for universal effectiveness were holistically considered. 5 factors were discovered to be essentially important to the sustainability of workspace design in order to sustain effectiveness of workspace and that of the worker. This implies that design of workspace imperatively need to insert some elements of flexibility; otherwise, the time scale major refit benefits of designs for office of the future may turn around to become hindrances to effectiveness. 109 key variables were generated from literature review as very cognate for academic workspace design.
Evaluation analysis of a developed solar refrigerator using conventional refrigerant for rural and medical applications
Authors: Banjo S.O. , Ajayi O.O. , Bolaji B.O. , Emetere M.E. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Udoye N.E. , Olatunde A.O. , Akinlabu K.
Published: March 2021

This paper study the performance evaluation of a refrigeration system that operates on solar energy as alternative source of power to enhance the refrigerating effect, coefficient of performance (COP), preservation of perishable items and short time drug such as vaccine, to remote communities and parts of the urban settlement around the developing nations where there is no access to modern electrical source. The system was made from locally sourced materials using a conventional refrigerant HFC134a as working fluid to improve thermal efficiency and stability of the vapour compression refrigeration system. The COP of the system was enhanced by 8.67% when working with solar and with energy reduction of 2.38% respectively. In case the weather is cloudy or during the night hour when the energy generation is low, the refrigerator can work on battery for an average of 12 hours if fully charge during the day to avoid idle time of the refrigeration system.
Transition to Green Energy and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Prospective and Evaluative Analysis
Authors: Nwozor Agaptus , Olanrewaju John S , Oshewolo Segun , Iseolorunkanmi Joseph , Fayomi Oluwafemi , Okidu Onjefu , Adetunji Thelma A
Published: March 2021

Since the global discussions on climate change and environmental sustainability began, Nigeria has been actively involved in terms of participating, flowing with global trends and meeting its international obligations in that context. Thus, from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to Kyoto Protocol and then the Paris Agreement, Nigeria has been involved as it ratified and became a Party to them. Corollary to being a Party to the Paris Agreement, Nigeria committed itself to reducing its carbon emissions by 2030 by embracing clean, low carbon alternative energy sources to meet its domestic energy needs. Nigeria’s commitment is not without challenges considering a number of factors, namely it is dependent on fossil fuels for its foreign exchange earnings, it has a lingering problem with gas flaring and oil spills, its energy holdings are mainly dependent on fossil fuels, and there is evident lack of capacity and capability to harness its renewable energy resources. These challenges notwithstanding, Nigeria has developed various policy frameworks with targets and projections aimed at harnessing its abundant renewable energy resources in order to transit to green economy. The question that this paper attempts to address is whether Nigeria has been able to harness its renewable energy resources to address its energy challenges as well as transit to green energy as envisaged by its various policy documents. This paper engages secondary data in evaluating the extent to which the country has or has not transited to green energy as projected and targeted. This paper finds that the policy projections of transiting to green energy have no discernible pathways to assure its sustainable realization. It also finds that this disconnect between green energy transition targets and non-realization is linked to inadequate influx of private investments and therefore, recommends the provision of regulatory framework necessary to inspire investors’ confidence and commitment.
Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water from Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Usikalu Mojisola R. , Ayara Williams , Ayanbisi Olusegun , Fola-Emmanuel Ayanfe , Okechukwu Chisom
Published: March 2021

Human survival is largely dependent on the quality of available drinking water. It is worth of knowing that drinking water from any source contain amount of trace elements. This study investigated the physiochemical parameters and analyzed the trace elements concentration in drinking water in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Water samples were collected from all the local government areas of the State. The pH, electrical conductivity and trace element of each sample were determined using the pH meter, electrical conductivity meter and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) respectively. The pH measured varies between 5.02 and 7.35 and the electrical conductivity obtained ranged between 23.7 and 336 µScm

−1
. The trace elements determined in the samples were Copper (Cu), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) with mean concentrations 71.72, 0.53, 0.44, 0.08, 0.36, 0, 0.002 mgl

−1
and respectively. The study revealed that 80% of the water samples were acidic and electrical conductivity measured were within set limit except for a location. The trace element concentrations measured were within acceptable limits except for copper concentation that exceeded the set limit for drinking water. The study therefore recommended periodic monitoring of the water in order to ascertian the quality of water supply to the entire State.
Progress on Organic Solar Cells: A Short Review
Authors: Kesinro R. O. , Boyo A. O , Akinyemi M. L. , Emetere M. E. , Aizebeokhai A. P.
Published: March 2021

Thin film organic solar cells have emerged as a replacement to inorganic solar cells based on silicon. Organic solar cells offer several advantages compared to silicon-based devices. In the last 10 years, concentrated research attempts towards accomplishing the mandatory power conversion efficiency of 10 % and environmental stability of the device still remain a main challenge. In order to influence the efficiency, polymers are frequently utilized to fabricate the absorber and buffer layers. Also, binary and tenary polymer blends have been devised to influence the performance in micro/nanostructures. In addition, the advantages of organic solar cells for realistic application, and potential solutions are also considered.
Youth Farmers, Shocks and Food Security in Nigeria
Authors: Osabohien Romanus R. , Olurinola Isaiah O. , Matthew Oluwatoyin A. , Edafe Oluwatosin D.
Published: March 2021

Shocks are insufficiently handled in many developing countries, including Nigeria. At least 60percent of the farmers in Nigeria lack adequate safety net coverage to mitigate the effect of shocks. Thus, this study examines how shocks affect youth farmers and its possible effect on food security in Nigeria. This study makes use of Wave 4 (2018/2019) of the Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) data, applying the Propensity Score Matching (PMS) model and the two-sample t-test. Findings from the PSM showed that households affected by shocks are less food secure. This is validated from the two-sample t-test; which tests for the potential impact of shocks on household food security. The results showed that though a higher percentage of the households (94.42percent) are not affected by shocks, compared to those affected by shocks (2.58percent), but are worse-off by 0.007percent in terms food security. This means that households who are not affected by shocks are more food secured by 0.007percent. Therefore, based on the findings, it is recommended that appropriate measures be adopted by the Nigerian government, such as providing social protection, safety nets, credit facilities amongst others, to help increase agricultural productivity in order to sustain food security.
Carbon Emission And Population Growth: Evidence From The Magna Cum Laude Oil Producing African Countries
Authors: Daramola P. , Obindah G. , Matthew O. , Ihayere O. , Ejemeyovwi J.
Published: March 2021

Ample amount of scientific effort has been applied to question the potentials of fossil fuel combustion and other carbon emission sources which in turn has impact on human population growth. This study sought to find the extent of which carbon emissions impact population growth among the Magna cum Oil producing Africa countries. The study utilises panel data analysis within the sample period: 2000–2019 using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares and the Feasible General Least Square. The results of the research revealed the existence of a significant and negative relationship. This therefore, makes this subject an issue of critical policy interest and requires immediate actions and makes this research very significant in recent times as it considers several countries within the study’s scope.
Liquid Liabilities and Growth Finance Nexus: Implications for Nigeria’s Energy Sector
Authors: Bello H T , Osabuohien E S , Ayadi F , Ejemeyovwi J O
Published: March 2021

Liquid liabilities are required for the development of key sectors that drive the Nigerian economy by ensuring that credits are made available for investment purposes. However, controversies concerning the effectiveness of investments in fostering economic growth in Nigeria exist. These studies focus on the relationship amid liquid liabilities and finance for growth in Nigeria, with specific insight and implications for Nigeria’s energy sector. In achieving its objective, the study utilizes data from secondary sources from the annual CBN (1980-2018). This study finds that gross domestic savings significantly drive finance for growth in the long-run compared to stock market development and Remittance inflows. The findings imply that to finance growth efficiently in the Nigerian economy, attention should be paid to liquid liability development policies such as driving gross domestic savings by all stakeholders and attention should be paid to the Nigerian energy sector as it possesses the potential to both be a source of liquid liability and a viable investment option.
Natural radionuclide and radiological impact assessment of teak plantation, University of Ilorin, Kwara State
Authors: Orosun M. M. , Enemuwe C. A. , Usikalu M. R. , Salawu N. B. , Abdulraheem I. A. , Udouso V. B. , Adagunodo T. A. , Babarimisa I.O. , Akinpelu A. , Achuka J.A
Published: March 2021

The amount of naturally occurring radionuclide in Teak plantation was measured using gamma ray spectrometer RS-125. This device gave an in-situ measurement of radioactivity concentration of 40K, 232Th, 238U and dose rate. The data was taken in 20 locations, the overall mean dose rate (DR) is 47.8150 Gyh−1. The overall mean activity concentrations for 40K, 232Th, 238U are 456.1975 BqKg−1, 29.0245 BqKg−1 and 26.2080 BqKg−1 respectively. It was also observed that only the estimated outdoor dose rate D of 40K at study location L1 exceeded the world limit of 57nGyh−1. This could be due to its closeness to the university main gate with lots of possible interfering human activities around the gate area. However, further study on detailed geochemical investigation is required to reach at some conclusion. By comparing the mean values of the activity concentrations and their radiological risks with the several world standards, it can be concluded that the Teak plantation is highly rich in Potassium.
Long term hydrochemical analysis and quality assessment of five dams in Lesotho, Southern Africa
Authors: Olaleye A.O , Akinyemi J.O , Odusanya O A
Published: March 2021

Lesotho, is a mountainous country located within South Africa. Water is one of the major export earnings. One of the major dams in Lesotho is called Mohale Dam built at a cost of US$1.5 billion. It has five inflow dams at: Bokoaneng, Bokong, Likalaneng, Jorodane and Senquyanne. There is sparse data on water quality of these dams, hence, data were collected between 2009 and 2012 to monitor and assess the water quality for drinking using these parameters: Na, K, Ca, Mg, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total hardness (TH) and turbidity. These were compared with the WHO standard for drinking water. Data were analysed using these procedures: means (PROC MEANS) and cluster (PORC CLUSTER) of Statistical Analysis Systems, and trilinear plots/Piper diagram. Results showed that across sites, these variables (i.e. pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, Mg, TH, and turbidity fluctuated across sites and years and still far lower than the critical limits of the WHO as drinking water quality. The only parameter that was relatively high, when compared to the stringent water quality of APHA, AWA and WEF [ 25] standard for drinking was the mean turbidity which ranged between 1.32±0.27 (Bokoaneng) and 4.70±1.26 (Jorodane). However, when compared to the WHO [2] standard for drinking water quality of 5.00 NTU [23], it is still acceptable. The Piper diagram classified the water as sulfate-chloride dominated, though when compared to the critical values of WHO limits of 250mg/L (Cl) and 400 mg/L (SO4
2-) it is still very low as these values are still ≤ 5 mg/L. As at the time of data collection, there was no source of contaminants. However, the aforementioned values were the highest for a dam located at Likalaneng. As, such, it is imperative that sources of the “seemingly” high values should be identified as this might build up over the years.
Assessing workers’ productivity through biophilic design as a measure of sustainability in selected office buildings in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Aduwo E B , Akinwole O O , Okpanachi P O
Published: March 2021

With developers seeking minimalist designs that maximise space with land being at a premium, the quality of life has been neglected amidst the technological advancement and development. Human beings require contact with nature now more than ever to live healthy, productive lives. This affiliation with nature is what is described as Biophilia. Biophilic design is the incorporation of elements of nature into the design of spaces and is regarded as an extension of sustainability. Lagos is often described as the city with the fastest growing economy, which implies a lot of business activities are sprung up and the need for a sustainable working environment cannot be overemphasised. This study assesses the influence of biophilic design strategies on the productivity of users in selected office buildings in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study adopts a stratified random sampling technique to select respondents who are mainly users of the selected buildings. Data obtained from respondents was analysed using regression analysis. Findings reveal that biophilic design strategies has a significant influence on workers’ productivity, however the biophilic elements occurred as isolated occurrences of nature as to a culminated effect. The study recommends early-on integration of biophilic design patterns to attain maximum effect, as well as the proper integration of biophilic design elements.
Impact Of Atmospheric Parameters And Noise Temperature On Digital Terrestrial Television Signal Strength Overkarshi Area, Abuja, North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Joseph Sunday , Ayegba Abdullahi , Adediji Adekunle Titus
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the impact of atmospheric parameters (atmospheric temperature, pressure, relative humidity and wind speed) and noise temperature on digital terrestrial television signal strength over Karshi area, Abuja, North-Central part of Nigeria has been examined. Measurements were taken for a period of nine months (April 2019 – December 2019) to cover the commencement of rainy period and towards the end of rainy period. The results showed that atmospheric and noise temperature as well as wind speed weakly influenced the signal strength while relative humidity strongly influenced the signal strength. The effect of atmospheric pressure over the signal strength was not consistent during the period of measurement. The signal strength of AIT, NTA, Channels TV and ETV were negatively affected by the atmospheric temperature up to about88.8%, 25.6%, 16.5% and 93.2%, respectively; the noise temperature up to about 85.3%, 13.4%, 5.9% and 90.7% respectively and wind speed by about 89.2%, 26.8%, 16.3%, and 92.4%respectively. However, the signal strength was affected positively by the relative humidity up to about 87.9%, 18.7%, 10.1% and 92.4% respectively, while the atmospheric pressure affected NTA and Channels TV negatively by about 21.3% and 26.8%, respectively and affected AIT and ETV positively by about 22.7% and 26.8%, respectively. Findings from this study will be of help to satellite link designers, policy makers, antenna modelers and other TV transmission equipment designers on how to mitigate the effect of some of the atmospheric components on digital terrestrial signal strength reception in Nigeria.
Real Sector Business Outlook and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy on the Real Sector in Nigeria
Authors: Oladimeji Ebenezer O. , Bowale Ebenezer K. , Okodua Henry
Published: March 2021

The effectiveness of monetary policy on the real sector has been a major concern of the monetary authority in Nigeria, over a few years ago. This has resulted in series of regulatory actions of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to ensure more funds/credit are channeled to the sector, in line with the policy objectives of the government to improve the sector. The inability of the real sector investors to meet up with their loan repayment obligations sometimes restricts the flow of this credit from the banking system to the sector, thereby jeopardizing the efforts of the monetary authority. This study, while investigating this concern, observed a similar trend pattern between real sector business outlook and real productive activities; this warranted the inclusion of this variable in the model that was estimated with SVAR. The results revealed a significant estimate of 7.95583; which is a contemporaneous response of credit to real sector to shocks from real sector business outlook. Also, an average of 0.21% variation in real output is explained by structural innovations from real sector business outlook. This means that as business or macroeconomic environment improves, the real investors invest more by accessing credit from the banking system; also, the banks are more confident of loan repayment, as the improved macroeconomic environment is expected to support business growth.
Sustainability Assessment of the Engineering Properties of Asphalt Concrete Incorporating Pulverized Snail Shell Ash as Partial Replacement for Filler
Authors: Modupe A. E. , Fadugba O. G. , Busari A. A. , Adeboje A. O. , Aladegboye O. J. , Alejolowo O. O. , Chukwuma C. G.
Published: March 2021

In furtherance to the search for reliable and cost-effective road construction materials which is expected to engender the development of sustainable and less expensive pavements, coupled with the increase in agricultural wastes due to the current rise in the consumption of white meat, this research investigated the engineering properties of modified bitumen and subsequent performance of asphaltic concrete incorporating Pulverized Snail Shell Ash (PSSA) as strength modifier and filler. In order to achieve specific objectives, preliminary physical and chemical tests were initialized to characterize the virgin bitumen and snail shell ash. Pulverized proportions of the snail shell ash were blended with bitumen at 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % respectively by weight of mineral aggregates; and subsequently incorporated as filler at the same proportions. The rotational viscometer and penetrometer were engaged to determine the viscosity and penetration of the modified bitumen, and the Marshall mix design method was used to determine the mechanical and rheological characteristics of the resultant asphaltic concrete composites. The modification of bitumen with snail shell ash resulted in a decrease in penetration of virgin bitumen from 80/100 pen to 60/70 pen, including the rotational viscosity. Different mixtures of PSSA at the aforementioned proportions, were evaluated by the design method according to Marshall. The stability was found to be higher than the control mix at 30% of grade which satisfied the Marshall specification for wearing course mixes. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed the presence of Oxygen and Calcium in the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) modified with PSSA, while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a good blend of the aggregates. The results suggest feasible use of PSSA as partial aggregate substitution in HMA. It was noted that the PSSA was finer than the conventional mineral filler and it filled the voids, engendered a stiffer, and denser mix, as well as reduced the number of voids present in the mix and increased its stability. Experimental results indicated higher stability value of 35.08 KN for the mixture having 30% PSSA as optimum filler content in comparison with conventional mix which was 34.7 kN and standard specification of 34 kN minimum. This study has therefore established the feasibility of using PSSA as alternative filler instead of the conventional in asphalt concrete mix by satisfying the standard specification. Also making the reuse of agricultural waste possible, thereby making construction cost cheaper, and also reducing waste.
Temperature and Short- wave Irradiation Trends in Ikogosi Climatic Change Pattern
Authors: Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere M.E.
Published: March 2021

Every living or non-living thing has its unique temperature consequent of absorption of electromagnetic radiation, light. The source of this molecular kinetic is Solar energy incident on Earth’s surface, the sole supplier of life on the planet. This phenomenon markedly determines the climatic conditions in our habitat. Atypical of previous much-required characteristic balance in nature, myriads of surface processes, ranging from evaporation, photosynthesis and even terrestrial carbon uptake effects are becoming altered in nature. These effects on long-term timing of events defines global warming, it distinguishes the diurnal from seasonal course of surface temperatures and shortwave radiation which contains larger quantity of energy and longwave radiation which holds less amount of energy. Earth’s emitted longwave radiation, also has major practical implications on solar energy technologies, agricultural productivity, profound environmental, societal, and economic implications. There is cumulative evidence that the volume of solar radiation incident on the Earth’s surface is not constant but experiences substantial decadal variations. In view of the certainty of unpredictability of these climatic changes, a positive recourse lies in utilizing these enormous natural forces to solve Man’s energy crisis challenge. Thus, this study uses meteorological data from MERRE to investigate the prospect of shortwave radiation in Ikogosi SW Nigeria and its implications technologically and environmentally in the future of energy prospecting first locally, and on a spatial scale.
Multidecadal trends in Ikogosi Temperature and Rainfall to Climate change
Authors: Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere M.E.
Published: March 2021

Ikogosi is located in a humid rainforest typical in its virtually uniform temperature through the year averaging 21°C to 28°C. Thirty-eight years temperature and precipitation data on Ikogosi, reveals a deviation in this erstwhile norm and portends a trend that on short-term and regional variations predict a more extreme warm climate. In contrast to previous ones, the fifth IPCC report emphasizes on the socio-economic facets of climate change. It also discusses on its dual role in sustainability and risk management, it dwells on reducing greenhouse gases and adaptation approaches to climate change. In view of this impending change, precipitation and temperature are vital climatic constraints which should be investigated for deviations that could adversely affect agriculture, architecture, societal and urban planning. Also, since a warming atmosphere is allied with substantial precipitation, all human based activities either directly or indirectly trigger greenhouse gas emissions and high precipitation. This explores the most prominent of these greenhouse gases, CO2 which warms the atmosphere as its volume increases in the atmosphere. In effect, the degree of future global warming will be a function of how much more volume of CO2 humankind emits. Although current CO2-induced warming of Earth is essentially irreversible on human timescales, weather researches to obtain scientific information, is very relevant. This is a dynamic prerequisite for society to make informed decisions on mitigation, adaptation, and other ways to tackle climate change. Thus, this study seeks to analyse the measure of observed climatic changes in Ikogosi. This is in order to promote the application of this study model to similar geographical locations. The potential energy available for certain extreme weather events has been analysed with existing theoretical explanations, ORIGIN software program and statistical regression analysis.
Investigation of willingness of residents to adopt alternative burial methods in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Opoko A. P. , Adeboye A.
Published: March 2021

As cities grow in population, there is pressure on urban land resulting in prioritisation of scarce land for various uses. Burial grounds are often poorly rated in the priority scale since comparatively, they are considered as poor contributors to public economy. This situation. coupled with growing concerns about the environmental and health implications of casket cemetery burials has led to the growing adoption of alternative burial methods globally. In Africa, including Nigeria however, adoption of alternative burial methods has been slow. This paper therefore, investigated the willingness of residents of Abuja, Nigeria to adopt alternative modes of burial. Specifically, it sought to identify the burial methods Abuja residents are familiar with, ascertain residents’ willingness to consider alternative burial methods, the alternative burial methods favoured by residents and the factors that influence choice of alternative burial methods by residents. Data were obtained by administering copies of a questionnaire to randomly selected respondents and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The paper found that residents who were willing to adopt alternative burial methods marginally surpassed those who rejected the idea, suggesting significant resistance to adoption of alternative burial methods among respondents. The paper therefore identified the need for sensitization of residents especially through credible religious, sociocultural leaders and other opinion moulders including the media. In addition, there is need to review of policies and regulatory frameworks to accommodate alternative burial methods.
Exploring the Effects of Pozzolans on Different types of Portland Cements in Sustainable Cement-Based Applications
Authors: Joshua Opeyemi , Bayo-Kujore Fopefoluwa J. , Olusola Kolapo O. , Adewumi John B. , Olawuyi Babatunde J. , Iroham Chukwuemeka O. , Emetere Moses E.
Published: March 2021

The sources of pozzolans could be natural, industrial and agricultural wastes that are recycled into concrete and mortar applications. There have also been many studies and recommendations guiding the use of blending these pozzolans from multiple sources with cement with the aim of producing more durable, greener and sustainable mortar/concrete. These investigations are mostly based on testing these pozzolans with a certain type of cement and making recommendations on the optimum percentage replacements. This type of study underscores that a pozzolan can behave differently with other types of Portland cements with varying distinct chemical compositions that associate the cement with its type. This could result to a particular pozzolan having different optimum percentage cement replacements with different types of cement and hence results in less durable concrete of which this study intends to address. The pozzolan used in this study is Pulverized Calcined Clay (PCC) and the types of cement is based on the British and American standards classification. The cement variants used in this study is broadly rapid hardening and low heat cement form the two (2) major cement brands in Nigeria. The X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis was performed on the cements and the PCC to determine their oxide compositions and classify the pozzolan, the Strength activity index (SAI) of the pozzolan was also determined. The optimum percentage replacements (replacement level with maximum strength) of the cements with the pozzolan was also determined. The results indicate that the optimum replacements for the low-heat cement was at 20% replacement with PCC and substantially higher for the rapid-hardening cement. This could be adduced to the difference in the chemical compositions as shown in the XRF analysis. It was concluded that the optimum replacement of different cement types with a pozzolan could vary, resulting to less durable concrete when a single optimum replacement is recommended across all cement types. It is therefore recommended that the optimum replacements of cements with pozzolans should be specific to a cement type and recommended that optimum replacement for other cement types with same pozzolan be determined and not generalized across all cements.
Male and Female Employment in Agriculture and Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria
Authors: Folarin Esther M. , Osabuohien Evans S. , Okodua Henry , Onabote Ademola , Osabohien Romanus
Published: March 2021

The contribution of women to labour in African agriculture is quoted regularly in the range of 60–80%. Using available statistical data, to compare the level of employment and productivity of both male and female on an individual basis, and consequently proffer ways of improve that with a lower turn-out is the one major aim of the study. The contribution of females in the agricultural sector is substantially lower in Nigeria (37%), and some other developing countries. In order to get appropriate estimation of the model, the Augmented Dicky-Fuller and the Phillips-Perron test are used to check the variables level of stationarity. This also helps to explain the existing relationship between and among the following variable: employment in agriculture, male, employment in agriculture, female, trade and inflation. The result informs the need to enhance the employment of female in the Nigerian economy for higher agricultural productivity. Therefore the study suggests that policies geared towards female empowerment in agriculture and services alongside other concerned sectors should be promoted.
Climate change and coastal vulnerability assessment methods: A review
Authors: Oloyede Mary O. , Benson Nsikak U. , Williams Akan B.
Published: March 2021

Coastal and marine ecosystems have been threatened at local and global scales by multiple stressors – sea-level rise, rising temperatures, climate extreme events, biodiversity loss and habitat destruction. These stressors operating independently or synergistically could alter the ecosystem services while posing a significant threat to the environment, human lives and properties, as well as, result in biophysical and socio-economic losses. In this paper, we present an overview of the methods used in assessing coastal vulnerability of marine areas at local-global scales under chronic environmental stressors. Integrated and strategic methodologies that could identify, highlight and prioritise the vulnerable marine areas have been presented. The framework to assist coastal planners and managers in the conservation and management of vulnerable coastal regions and settlements from permanent inundation and loss have been suggested.
Production of fruit wine using a wild strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from fresh palm wine for sustainable food security
Authors: Nwinyi Obinna C , Hassan Washena D
Published: March 2021

The problems of post-harvest losses in the developing world have been of severe concerns especially when food security for the citizenry cannot be guaranteed. Thus, new means of the conversion of some of the periodic produce to novel stable products is an exceptional development. In this study, we carried out the production of wine from citrus fruits (Citrus sinensis) and Pineapple fruits (Ananas Comosus) using wild strains of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Saccharoymces cerevisiae was isolated from fresh palm wine and identified using microscopic examination, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Pure yeast isolates were inoculated into sterile volumes of 200 ml and 500 ml of the orange and pineapple juice respectively and incubated for eight days. At regular intervals, we assessed some of the intrinsic properties of wine, such as pH, sulphur dioxide, titratable acidity (TA). From the results obtained, all the parameters measured were within the permissible limits for fruit wine. The mean pH values of orange and pineapple juice in 200ml and 500ml were between 4.45± 0.16 and 4.86±0.50; while the mean Sulphur dioxide SO (ppm) were 18.36±0.20 - 39.49±3.68 respectively. The titratable acidity (TA) obtained was between 0.63±0.11 - 1.03±0.59, respectively. This study had shown that our strain of wild type of yeast could be used for producing homebrew fruit wine and may not present any hazard to the consumers.
Study of forest management unit performance in Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan A C , Prayoga A P , Dalya N
Published: March 2021

The existence of forest management institutions based on the site level is the philosophy of the birth of an FMU. The purpose of this study is directed to provide an overview related to the performance of FMU development carried out by the Government (central and regional) in Indonesia. This research was conducted during the period of February 2015 to February 2019 in eight FMU areas in seven provinces in Indonesia. Technical data and information through stakeholder interviews result from verification workshops and secondary supporting data collection. The data and information collected are then processed into a working paper on the FMU Development Performance Assessment tool using FWI 1.0 and FWI 2.0 Criteria and Indicators, compiled by Forest Watch Indonesia (FWI). The results are presented in the form of an index by calculating the total value of all data units then divided by the number of data units. The FMU development performance evaluation index can be categorized into three classes, namely high, medium, and low. The results of studies in eight FMU areas illustrate that FMU development at the site level still faces various challenges and problems. The main problems faced are focused on three main aspects namely; Regional Stability which includes clarity of boundaries and tenure conflicts; Institutional Aspects concerning political support and institutional capacity in supporting the operation of FMUs; and the planning aspect which concerns the bureaucratic chain and the stability of the FMU development platform at the site level. Comprehensive efforts from stakeholders are needed to encourage the optimization of FMU functions and roles at the site level.
Stakeholder analysis in conflict managing: a case study of forest management Unit Jeneberang II
Authors: Nurhikmah U , Yusran
Published: March 2021

The conflicts that occurred in the forest area today become controversies amid discussions of several parties, including the forest management unit Jeneberang II which is now being lively talked about in the field of forestry, especially in the area of Forest Management Unit Jeneberang II within the region of South Sulawesi. On this occasion, we would like to see the stakeholders and how they are involved in the conflict management at Forest Management Unit Jeneberang II. We observe the influence and Interest of stakeholders in the management of conflicts that occur. We use document analysis, observation, and interviews directly with a variety of stakeholders. We found a role in the management of conflicts based on the biggest influence and interests of stakeholders categorized in groups Key Players is Head of Forest Management, group of functional departments, Division of Planning and Forest Utilization, Division of protection and Community empowerment, Forestry staff, forest rangers, and forest Farmer Group.