bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Death is Disparate
Authors: Cheng Jesse
Published: February 2025

The high stakes of capital punishment demand heightened procedural
safeguards: death is different, so the maxim goes. One such safeguard is
the doctrine of individualized sentencing mitigation, which establishes
the defense’s right to introduce expansively open-ended evidence about the
defendant’s unique life circumstances when making the case for mercy at the
penalty trial. But some have criticized individualized mitigation for upending
prior efforts by the U.S. Supreme Court to establish consistency and fairness
in death verdicts. This Article takes individualized sentencing to its logical
limit by considering the doctrinal possibility of “adversarial parity,” whereby
open-ended individualization is also extended to aggravating evidence
offered by the prosecution when making the case for death. In exploring this
possibility, the Article draws attention to a crucial yet heretofore unexplored
dynamic of capital sentencing trials. Even if aggravation is expanded under a
doctrine of adversarial parity, the defense’s evidentiary burden will always be
substantially more onerous than the prosecution’s, with the case in mitigation
delving into the defendant’s full biopsychosocial history across life. Death
is not only different—it is also disparate. This Article thinks through some
constitutional implications of death’s disparity, offering a new framework
for reconceptualizing key tensions in the troubled evolution of Eighth
Amendment capital trial doctrine.
At Least Make it Adequate: The Constitution Should Better Protect Public Education
Authors: Mauldin Cristina J.
Published: February 2025

Public education lacks adequate constitutional protection. The COVID-19
pandemic highlighted pre-existing issues in the public education system,
such as poor literacy rates, chronic absenteeism, and disparities in students’
post-secondary college and career readiness. Additionally, recent changes
in educational policies have often been part of legislative schemes passed
by lawmakers who, on average, are at least two generations removed from
American students—these policy changes have not been driven by data in
response to students’ needs. As a result, there is a serious lack of consistency
in the quality of an American education that has contributed to disparities in
students’ learning and performance. This lack of uniformity—along with the
public education system’s availability as a political tool—could be addressed
on a national scale if the United States’ public education system was offered
higher constitutional protection and/or had a uniform, minimum standard
for the quality of education. To help address these issues, I propose two alter-
native solutions: (1) public education should be recognized as a fundamental
right protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; or
(2) a national standard should be set for a “minimally adequate education”
(similar to the “Least Restrictive Environment” standard set by the IDEA)
that requires states to provide students with historically accurate information
and fosters students’ self-sufficiency and civic participation.
A SABEDORIA E IRONIA DE SALOMÃO NO LIVRO DOS PROVÉRBIOS
Authors: Rocha Rafael José , Torres Milton Luiz
Published: February 2025

Este artigo percorre o livro dos Provérbios, atribuído a Salomão. O livro está inserido em coleção de livros sapienciais, incluídos no cânon bíblico. De início, a questão que este artigo se propôs a analisar, introdutoriamente, foi a questão do texto do livro dos Provérbios, bem como sua autoria e a data em que fora escrito. Em seguida, procedeu-se a análise das formas de ironia presentes no livro. A análise da ironia verificou que este recurso, conforme empregado no livro, é sucinto.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento de estilo de vida saludable en una universidad confesional
Authors: Gonçalves Balbé Francisco Nilson , Flores Laguna Omar Arodi , Jiménez-Ortiz José Leonardo Jiménez-Ortiz
Published: February 2025

El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar y validar la Escala 8 Remedios Naturales para un Estilo de Vida en Saludable en 411 estudiantes de una universidad confesional mexicana. La escala final de 28 ítems agrupó las dimensiones: aire puro y luz solar, abstinencia, descanso, ejercicio, régimen alimenticio adecuado, régimen alimenticio inadecuado, agua y confianza en el poder de Dios. Para explorar la estructura subyacente de la escala, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio utilizando el método de extracción de ejes principales con una rotación oblicua promax. Los resultados indicaron que el instrumento cumple con los estándares de validez establecidos, como lo demuestran los valores del coeficiente de adecuación de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y las pruebas de esfericidad de Bartlett. Además, la escala logró explicar el 54.4% de la varianza común, lo que respalda su validez. En cuanto a la confiabilidad, se calculó el coeficiente Omega, y en todas las dimensiones, los coeficientes obtenidos superaron el umbral mínimo de 0.70, lo que indica una buena consistencia interna. La escala tiene propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias y una estructura factorial que permite indagar sobre la práctica de ocho remedios naturales para mantener un estilo de vida saludable en la población estudiada.
 
Palabras clave: estilo de vida saludable, escala, estudiantes, estudio de validación.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA E ANÁLISE TEMÁTICA DE PUBLICAÇÕES SOBRE O PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS
Authors: Anne Caroline Cunha  , João Francisco Mota Barbosa  , Silvio Ferreira Júnior  , Evandro Barbosa dos Anjos  , Freitas Daniel Antunes , Murilo Cássio Xavier Fahel
Published: February 2025

A bibliometria é um instrumento estatístico importante. Os dados oriundos desses estudos contribuem para orientar decisões técnicas acerca da atual e da futura produção científica. O objetivo desse artigo é realizar uma análise bibliométrica e temática das publicações científicas realizadas sobre o Programa Mais médicos. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, com aplicação de propriedades bibliométricas. Foi realizada análise de artigos publicados na base de dados SciELO, em português, entre os anos de 2020 e 2023, utilizando-se para a pesquisa o termo “Programa Mais Médicos”. Foram analisados os itens: número de artigos, de referências, de citações e de autores, revistas, instituição de origem, financiamento, categoria, metodologia, temática, palavras-chave e ano de publicação. Acerca dos artigos, verificou-se que a maioria teve origem em universidades públicas da região Sudeste, a média de autores foi de 3,75, a maioria não apresentou financiamento, a maioria era artigos originais, de metodologia qualitativa, a média de referências foi de 34,4, as palavras-chave de maior ocorrência foram “Programa Mais Médicos”, “Educação médica” e “Atenção Primária à Saúde”, a média de citações foi de 1,66 e a principal temática dos artigos foi o “Curso Médico”. Ter conhecimento sobre os resultados das pesquisas que já foram realizadas em uma determinada área de estudo é essencial. Por meio dos dados oriundos da análise bibliométrica é possível ser crítico em relação a literatura existente e planejar o direcionamento da ciência.
MEDICALIZAÇÃO DA VIDA:
Authors: Silva Soarea Hellen Mercês , Pinto Siqueira Wiriandson , Soares Conceição Ana Flávia
Published: February 2025

Atualmente o biopoder influencia vários contextos, como o da saúde e educação. Isso contribui para a perpetuação da patologização e medicalização dos sujeitos, o que descarta a compreensão da subjetividade. Para compreender como isso afeta a prática do psicólogo e influência na perpetuação da cultura medicalizante infantil, utilizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura com o objetivo de desenvolver uma reflexão crítica sobre sua atuação. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram uma necessidade de futuros estudos sobre a prática do psicólogo, mas concluímos que é do contexto escolar onde vem as principais demandas de psicodiagnósticos, e que mais contribui para essa visão medicalizadora.
DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO ANTIRRACISTA COMO PREVENÇÃO À VIOLÊNCIA RACIAL
Authors: Sales Barbosa Esdras Silva , Da Silva e Silva Karen Evellin  Conceição , Pereira dos Santos Sara Ketelyn , Silva Junior Jorge Adriano
Published: February 2025

O aumento da criminalidade tem sido um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pela sociedade civil brasileira nas últimas décadas. Essa violência acaba vitimando em sua maioria jovens negros periféricos que acabam se alinhando a facções por falta de perspectiva e oportunidade social. Dessa forma, é necessário pautar a educação como um caminho não só de combate à criminalidade no território nacional, mas como forma de prevenção ao genocídio da população negra, através de da ampliação de oportunidade para essa parcela majoritária da sociedade ter acesso a melhores condições de vida. A problemática levantada neste trabalho pode ser resumida pela seguinte indagação: uma educação antirracista pode amenizar as violências raciais sofridas pela população negra? O resultado do trabalho aponta para a necessidade da construção de um sistema educacional eficaz que possibilite à população negra encontrar novos horizontes e oportunidades na sociedade.
CAPACIDADES DINÂMICAS E TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Araujo Silva Joamerson , Silva Santos Marcos , Santos da Silva Jó , Do Carmo Santos Silva Társila , Lima Leal Sara Ellen
Published: February 2025

O presente estudo adotou uma abordagem metodológica básica e descritiva, concentrando-se na coleta de dados quantitativos com arcabouço otimizado de informações. Com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento sobre capacidades dinâmicas e transformação digital em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES), fundamentou-se em um referencial teórico destacando capacidades adaptativas, absortivas e inovativas. A metodologia desenvolveu-se por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica embasada em teses, dissertações e artigos científicos. Adicionalmente, o estudo incorporou uma abordagem empírica quantitativa, aplicando 35 questionários aos membros nos níveis organizacionais, visando compreender o objeto de estudo na área educacional. Os resultados destacaram a "Capacidade Inovativa" como a mais proeminente na IES, com eficiência tecnológica e uso de plataformas digitais para inovação, elementos-chave na estratégia de transformação digital da instituição. Essas descobertas contribuem para a compreensão das capacidades dinâmicas e fornecem insights valiosos para gestores e pesquisadores.
INTELIGÊNCIA EMOCIONAL DA CRIANÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Portela Prado Corrêa Adriene , Santos Adriele Ribeiro , Souza Kézia Barbosa
Published: February 2025

Resumo: As demandas da atualidade deixam cada vez mais as crianças pequenas sem a assistência constante de suas mães, como consequência, as crianças vão para creches e escolas cada vez mais cedo. Consequentemente, algumas crianças entram na escola sem uma boa estrutura de autoconceito, autoestima e com demandas emocionais que afetarão suas vidas, suas interações sociais e seus processos educacionais. Contudo, a Inteligência Emocional na Educação Infantil é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento integral das crianças, pois é na Educação Infantil que as bases para o aprendizado e o bem-estar são estabelecidas, bem como a compreensão do eu e o cultivo das emoções são fundamentais nesse período da vida. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o papel da educação emocional no desenvolvimento acadêmico das crianças na educação infantil, investigando como o ensino de habilidades socioemocionais podem influenciar e favorecer o desempenho escolar, o engajamento na aprendizagem, melhorar as interações sociais e relacionamento com os pares, e promover bem-estar psicológico e emocional, bem como perceber quais estratégias para desenvolver inteligência emocional são eficazes no ambiente escolar. Associado a este objetivo, buscou-se especificamente responder aos seguintes questionamentos: Quais são os impactos positivos da promoção da inteligência emocional desde os primeiros anos de vida? Como a educação emocional pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento social e acadêmico das crianças na Educação Infantil? e Quais são as estratégias para desenvolver Inteligência Emocional, para favorecer as habilidades socioemocionais e o bom desempenho acadêmico? Para responder tais questionamentos, a pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa, de natureza básica e descritiva, e com procedimento bibliográfico. O estudo se embasa em teóricos e pesquisadores que possuem a leitura e os saberes na prática da inteligência emocional da criança no âmbito escolar como foco, sendo eles: Vygotsky (1930); Malaguzzi (1960); Goleman (1995); Antunes (2012); BNCC (2017); Bruner (1960).
GAMIFICAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: IMPACTOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Santos Adna Evangelista Couto , Costa Jéssica de Souza , Santos Mileide Pereira Nascimento , Jesus Thaís dos Santos
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho argumenta sobre a aplicação dos jogos educacionais na educação infantil, mas especificadamente sobre o método denominado gamificação, como uma estratégia eficaz que aumenta a produtividade, promovendo comportamentos saudáveis em ambiente de trabalho, saúde e educação. Mas o que é gamificação? Qual a sua importância na educação infantil? Como essa abordagem pode ser usada adequadamente e quais as responsabilidades do docente ao usá-la? Diante de tais questionamentos, é possível perceber a carência da compreensão sobre o tema, pois a gamificação é incessantemente entendida apenas como um jogo. Assim, utilizando como metodologia, a pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, de caráter explicativo, através de levantamento bibliográfico de fontes primárias e secundárias, buscou-se como objetivo principal responder questões que esclareçam essa temática na educação infantil e como a proposta dos jogos vem trazendo interações divertidas que aumentam o envolvimento e desenvolvimento dos alunos no processo educacional. Por fim, observou-se assim os seus impactos positivos, vantagens e como o uso da tecnologia pode aprimorar o ensino através da gamificação.
Recurrent chronic subdural hematoma with trabeculae converging toward a burr hole
Authors: Inamasu Joji , Wakahara Sota
Published: February 2025

Background:

Radiographically, trabeculae have been observed commonly in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients. Nevertheless, few authors have focused on how the trabeculae develop. We, herein, report a case of recurrent CSDH in which the evolution of trabeculae was observed with serial brain computed tomography.

Case Description:

A 75-year-old man with symptomatic left-sided CSDH who had undergone a burr-hole craniostomy 14 days in our institution earlier came back with a recurrent CSDH with trabeculae within the hematoma cavity. The trabeculae, which had not been present in the first surgery, developed relatively rapidly, converging toward the burr hole. The recurrent CSDH was successfully treated with the middle meningeal artery embolization. During the procedure, a vascular brush was observed around the burr hole, indicating the trabeculae were rich in blood flow.

Conclusion:

Surgical manipulation of the outer membrane during the first surgery might likely have elicited local inflammation and subsequent neovasculization of the outer membrane, resulting in trabeculae formation around the burr hole.
A case of cervical epidural meningioma with atypical image findings
Authors: Yokosako Suguru , Hirasawa Motohiro , Kubota Yuichi
Published: February 2025

Background:

Spinal extradural meningiomas are rare and must be distinguished from malignant tumors due to their invasive nature and intense activity. We report a case of a cervical epidural meningioma presenting with atypical imaging findings.

Case Description:

A 51-year-old woman presented with progressive paresis in both the upper and lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural lesion at the C2–C4 level with homogeneous contrast enhancement. The lesion extended from the intervertebral foramen into the posterior cervical musculature. Computed tomography demonstrated diffuse calcification, spanning from the spinal canal to the posterior cervical musculature. The patient underwent tumor resection and decompression surgery, which led to an improvement in her neurological symptoms. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a psammomatous meningioma.

Conclusion:

Cervical epidural meningiomas are extremely uncommon, and differential diagnosis can be challenging, especially in cases involving invasion into the posterior cervical muscles and calcification. Severely invasive lesions are often difficult to resect completely and necessitate careful follow-up.
Iatrogenic dissection on atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery caused by stent retriever thrombectomy for internal carotid artery embolic occlusion
Authors: Morishita Masahiro , Endo Hideki , Ogino Tatsuya , Fumoto Kentaro , Nakamura Hirohiko
Published: February 2025

Background:

Arterial dissection is a rare complication of mechanical thrombectomy, and the risk factors and clinical course are not well known. We report a case of iatrogenic dissection on atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) caused by stent retriever thrombectomy for internal carotid artery (ICA) embolic occlusion.

Case Description:

A 78-year-old woman underwent mechanical thrombectomy for ICA embolic occlusion. Preprocedural angiography indicated a thrombus from the C1 segment of the left ICA to the proximal M1 segment of the left MCA and slow antegrade contrast opacification of the mid- to distal-M1. A stent retriever was deployed across the stenotic lesion and pulled back to retrieve a thrombus. Although reperfusion was achieved, mid-M1 occlusion occurred the next day. We considered that endothelial damage from the stent retriever caused iatrogenic dissection at existing atherosclerotic stenosis at mid-M1.

Conclusion:

Stent retriever thrombectomy can worsen atherosclerotic stenosis. Vascular imaging follow-up is important after thrombectomy in patients with intracranial stenotic lesions. Clinicians should be aware that iatrogenic dissections can be more likely in atherosclerotic vessels following stent retriever thrombectomy.
Modified orbitofrontal approach for optic nerve sheath hemangioma: Illustrative case and literature review
Authors: Gutiérrez-Baños José de Jesús , Castillo-Rangel Carlos , Rodriguez-Pereira Mauricio Ivan , Ordoñez Granja Jaime , Dávila-Rodríguez Daniel Oswaldo , Tovar-Fuentes Jecsán , Tovar-Jiménez Alondra Sarai , Hernández-López Juan Alberto
Published: February 2025

Background:

Optic nerve sheath hemangiomas (ONSHs) are rare vascular tumors from the blood vessels surrounding the optic nerve, accounting for <1% of optic tumors and 0.5% of vascular malformations. Although benign, their location near the optic nerve poses a risk of significant nerve damage and vision loss. Symptoms often include visual disturbances, eye pain, and strabismus, making it difficult to make a diagnosis. Advances in imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have improved early detection and diagnosis. In addition, insights into the molecular mechanisms, including endothelial signaling and angiogenesis, have facilitated the development of more effective treatments, such as targeted therapies and minimally invasive surgical options.

Case Description:

We present the case of a 57-year-old woman who experienced progressive left-eye swelling, increased tearing, and declining visual acuity. Imaging studies, including MRI and computed tomography scans, revealed a left intraconal mass suggestive of ONSH. A transcranial-modified orbitofrontal approach was employed for tumor resection due to its proximity to vital structures. Postoperative histopathology confirmed hemangioma. At 1-year follow-up, the patient exhibited significant improvement in visual function and resolution of orbital swelling.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the critical role of surgical intervention in managing ONSHs that threaten visual function and cause mass effects. The transcranial-modified orbitofrontal approach proved effective in providing optimal access for safe tumor resection and improving visual outcomes. Integrating advanced imaging techniques and intraoperative monitoring contributes significantly to enhancing prognosis in ONSH cases.
Analysis of Flood Prone Areas in Melawi Sub Watershed Using Geographic Information System
Authors: Candra Diki , Soeryamassoeka Stefanus Barlian , Gunarto Danang
Published: February 2025

Floods are a common natural disaster in West Kalimantan, including in the Melawi Sub-Watershed, causing infrastructure damage, economic losses, and even fatalities. One of the leading causes of flooding is the destruction of catchment areas and significant land cover changes. The Melawi sub-Watershed has numerous mining areas, many of which are illegal, leading to upstream erosion and downstream sedimentation. Therefore, mapping flood-prone areas in the Melawi Sub-Watershed is crucial for disaster mitigation and preventing environmental damage that affects community activities. This study aims to map flood-prone areas in the Melawi Sub-Watershed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and analyze the factors influencing flood susceptibility. The data include land cover, soil type, slope, elevation, rainfall, river buffers, and historical flood inundation. The overlay method was used to create the flood susceptibility map, involving scoring, weighting, and overlaying. The most dominant flood susceptibility level in the Melawi Sub-Watershed is moderate, covering 48.21% of the total area, mainly in the downstream regions. Meanwhile, the low flood susceptibility category is more prevalent upstream, with higher topography and land cover well-preserved.
Fragmentation of deprotonated plumeran indole alkaloids by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Robles Yan , Vessecchi Ricardo , Vieira Ivo , Braz-Filho Raimundo , Crotti Antônio
Published: February 2025

The fragmentation of four deprotonated plumeran indole (PIAs), namely alkaloids aspidospermidine (1), demethoxypalosine (2), aspidocarpine (3), and aspidolimine (4) plumeran indole alkaloids (PIA), previously isolated from Aspidosperma spruceanum has been investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in the negative ion mode. The fragmentation pathways have been established on the basis of accurate mass data. Our results demonstrated that the main product ions of deprotonated 1-4 result from remote hydrogen rearrangements. The most abundant product ion in the product ion spectrum of 2, 3, and 4 was the result of a ketene elimination (methylketene for 2 and 3, and a ketene for 4) directly from the precursor ion. The product ion of m/z 183 was diagnostic for compound 2, whereas the radical elimination of •CH3 occurred only for 3 and 4, which display an aromatic methoxyl group in their structures. These results indicated that ESI(–)-MS/MS could be also used for the identification of PIAs 1-4 in crude extracts using LC-ESI-MS/MS, especially when the extracts are more complex
Text2Struc: Programmatic Crystal Structure Generation with Fine-Tuned Large Language Models
Authors: Baibakova Viktoriia , Ye Weike , Vasiljevic Igor , Torrisi Steven
Published: February 2025

Accelerating computational materials science relies not only on hardware advances but also on software that increases the ease of working with the relevant abstractions. Creation and manipulation of crystal structures is a part of many routine materials science workflows. In this work, we demonstrate how fine tuning large language models can be used to generate crystal structures from textual descriptions. By fine-tuning a CodeGen model with low-rank adaptation, we developed an interface that reduces errors and enables more flexible and powerful input, particularly for larger or more complex structures. Our model, which we call Text2Struc, is used to compare structure generation from the Materials Project database against LLM-generated and API-executed outputs. We show that API calls have higher accuracy, especially for supercells or defected crystals, as evidenced by an increase in the number of matches with original structures. Furthermore, removing Crystallographic Information File (CIF) outputs during training enhances generation fidelity, as the model trained without CIFs has a higher success rate than the model that prints CIFs in addition to the generating code. We hypothesize this may be owed to the base model being oriented towards generating code. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of fine-tuning and API integration for automating crystal structure generation in materials science.
Recent Advances in Machine Learning and Coarse-Grained Potentials for Biomolecular Simulations and Their Applications
Authors: B. Poma Adolfo , Hinostroza Caldas Alejandra , Cofas-Vargas Luis , Jones Michael , L. Ferguson Andrew , Medrano Sandonas Leonardo
Published: February 2025

Biomolecular simulations have been paramount in advancing our understanding of the complex dynamics in biological systems. They have played a crucial role in various applications, including drug discovery and the molecular characterization of virus-host interactions. Despite their success, biomolecular simulations face inherent challenges due to the multiscale nature of biological processes, which involve intricate interactions across a wide range of length and time scales. All-atom molecular dynamics (AA-MD) provides detailed insights at atomistic resolution, yet it remains limited by computational constraints, capturing only short time scales and small conformational changes. In contrast, coarse-grained (CG) models extend simulations to biologically relevant time and length scales by reducing molecular complexity. However, CG models often sacrifice atomic-level accuracy, making the parameterization of reliable and transferable potentials a persistent challenge. This review discusses recent advancements in machine learning (ML)-driven biomolecular simulations, including the development of ML potentials with quantum-mechanical accuracy, ML-assisted backmapping strategies from CG to AA resolutions, and widely used CG potentials. By integrating ML and CG approaches, researchers can enhance simulation accuracy while extending time and length scales, overcoming key limitations in the study of biomolecular systems.
ADOPTION OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AMONG VEGETABLE FARMERS IN BASSA, NIGERIA
Authors: Onuwaa Godfrey C. , Adediire Oludare , Ajoma Cletus , Binuyo Ganiyu
Published: February 2025

Adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices has several implications and benefits for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study analyzed the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices among vegetable farmers in Bassa, Plateau State, Nigeria. Vegetable farmers were selected using multistage sampling techniques. Primary data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, weighted average index and adoption index techniques. The mean age, household size, education (in years), farming experience, farm size were 41 years, 7 people, 7 years, 16 years, and 2ha respectively. Most (88.9%) are male, 82.8% are married, 90.9% had no extension contact; 93.9% have no access to agricultural credit and 92.9% do not belong to any farmer groups or cooperatives. The perceived effects of climate change were indicated by the weighted average index of the following factors: Increased temperature (3.12), irregular rainfall pattern (2.70), incidence of drought (2.37), decline in crop productivity (2.19) and food shortage/insecurity (2.01). Agricultural practices adopted include irrigation facilities (87.8%), improved seed varieties (70.7%), planting mdate adjustments (63.6%), farm diversification (55.5%) and agro-chemical application (51.5%). Most (68.6%) have low adoption index of ≤0.4.The constraints affecting the adoption of climate-smart agricultural mpractices among respondents in the study area include inadequate climate information (89.8%), financial constraints (77.7%), cost of agricultural inputs (65.6%), poor access to extension services (58.5%), farm size/tenure status (51.5%). This study recommends: Improved dissemination and awareness of climate information, financial inclusion, extension contact, land policy modification, adequate input supply at subsidized rates and provision of technical support.
CROP SIMULATION MODELS FOR COTTON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Authors: Masasi Blessing , Masasi Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Cotton, a major global cash crop, faces diverse challenges due to changing environmental conditions and evolving agricultural practices. Crop simulation models have emerged as powerful tools for understanding and predicting cotton growth and development. These models offer farmers and researchers valuable insights and decision support. However, their effectiveness is contingent on addressing challenges related to data requirements, sensitivity to input parameters, model complexity, and validation. As technology advances and research continues, addressing these weaknesses will further enhance the utility of crop simulation models in shaping the future of cotton cultivation. Thus, this paper reviews various crop simulation models employed in studying cotton, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The paper explores the key modeling approaches, the integration of biophysical processes, and the impact of these models on decision-making in cotton agriculture.
EVALUATION OF POTATO GENOTYPES FOR LATE BLIGHT DISEASE RESISTANCE UNDER FIELD CONDITION IN DEUKHURI, DANG, NEPAL
Authors: Kafle Binod , Gotame Sunit , Poudel Sangam , Thapa Kusum , Bohara Bhuwan , Acharya Basistha
Published: February 2025

An experiment was conducted under field condition in order to Evaluate different potato genotypes for late blight disease resistance in Deukhuri, Dang, Nepal. The experiment was designed as a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications of seven genotypes (PRP 277072.122, Cardinal, Local, CIP 395111.13, CIP 392027.7, PRP 367072.22, CIP 399067.22), during December 2022 to march 2023. Visual evaluation of plants at regular interval was done to note the biometrical parameters like: 1st emergence, 50% emergence, plant height, severity, Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), Relative Area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) and yield was recorded and conditions (Marketable / healthy tuber and non-marketable / infected tuber yield). From the analysis, it can be concluded that the cardinal (with mean AUDPC 2056.05) was the most susceptible and CIP 395111.13 (with mean AUDPC 695) was most resistant genotype. PRP277072.122 (mean tuber yield 15.63 t/ha) genotype followed by CIP 395111.13 (mean tuber yield 15.52 t/ha) genotype were most productive genotype in our experiment with less disease severity. From Pearson’s correlation analysis, a strong positive correlation is observed between Maximum Severity and AUDPC (0.94), Plant Height and Tuber Yield (0.72). Conversely, there was negative correlations of severity with plant height (-0.41) and with tuber yield (-0.64). In conclusion, we could suggest the farmers not to use cardinal variety in the conducive environment for late blight and at the same time PRP 277072.122 and CIP 395111.13 genotypes hold promise for further development and dissemination as improved varieties in regions with similar environmental conditions in the western terai of Nepal.
SOIL FERTILITY EVALUATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL COMMERCIAL FARM PLOT IN THE SOUTH-WEST ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Ademidun Abidoye Racheal , Emiola Akinbola Gabriel , . Aremu-Dele Olufemi
Published: February 2025

Soil fertility evaluation is very important as a decision-making tool for the management of soil nutrients sustainably. The study was conducted to evaluate the soil fertility status of the farm plot around the Sport Complex area of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria using fertility rating and fertility capability classification. Based on an existing soil map of the site, composite samples were collected from ten sampling points at 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm depth across three mapping units (Iregun, Effon and Mamu Series). The soil samples were collected to analyze the chemical properties, particle size distribution, soil texture, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, Soil pH, Organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na), exchangeable acidity (H+, Al3+), exchangeable cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and base saturation of the study area. Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and treatment means separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05% probability. Result shows the soils of the three mapping units were generally slightly acidic are predominantly loamy sand in texture. Major limitations observed in the study area are low CEC (e) and low nutrient reserves (k). The Fertility Capability Classification identified the Iregun and Mamu series as Sek (sandy, low CEC, low nutrient reserves) and Effon series as SLek (sandy with loamy substrata, low CEC, low nutrient reserves). The study highlights the need for improved soil management practices, such as incorporating organic manure and minimizing tillage, to enhance soil fertility and productivity.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE NITROGEN FERTILIZATION BY MIXED LIQUID AMMONIA IN SANDY SOIL TO ENHANCE THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF THE SESAME CROP
Authors: EL-Edfawy Yasser M. , Mohamed Mohamed S. , Rashad Rama T.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to optimize the nitrogen (N) fertilization in sandy soil using the aqua NH3 mixed solutions as an economic N-fertilizer compared to the ammonium sulphate fertilizer as a control (CL). The Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) crop was cultivated in the two field experiments through the summer seasons of 2022 – 2023 under sandy soil conditions and closed drip irrigation system. The main factor (F1) was two application rates of the N fertilization 100% and 75% of the recommended dose RD. The sub-factor (F2) was two dilution levels D1 (1:5 v/v) and D2 (1:2.5 v/v) of the aqueous solution. The sub sub-factor (F3) was five types of materials mixed with the liquid ammonia: water (H2O) – sulphuric acid solution (0.2 N H2SO4) – phosphoric acid solution (0.2 N H3PO4) – humic substances (from K-humate salt solution 0.5%) -suspended bentonite clay in H2O 20% solid/liquid ratio. Treatments were distributed in a split-split plot design. On the
lab scale, the N (%) remained in the mixed NH3 aqueous solution was decreased with increasing the time (h) of residence due to the evolution of the NH3 gas. On the field scale, the different aqua NH3 treatments has significantly affected the soil available N (mg kg-1)estimated at field capacity FC moisture point. The sesame seed yield (Mg ha-1) has significantly increased by 10.0, 5.0, and 3.75%, by application of 75% RD aqua NH3 mixed with the H3PO4, H2SO4, and humate, respectively, that were diluted by 1:2.5 D2 ratio compared to the CL maximum value at the significance level P≤0.05. The NH3/H3PO4 aqueous mixture has showed the most significant increase in the N-uptake by seeds for both the 75 and 100% RD by 1.52 and 3.9%, respectively. Following it, the same rates from the NH3/H2SO4 mixture has showed significant increases by 2.7 and 2.8%. The NH3/humate mixture has also increased the N-uptake by 1.4% at its 100% RD-D2 application rate. The P-uptake and K-uptake by seeds were also significantly increased. The diluted aqua NH3 mixed solutions can be recommended as efficient and economic N fertilizer in sandy soil.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SPACING AND SEED/STAND ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA IN KHAIRAHANI, CHITWAN, NEPAL
Authors: Khanal Sadikshya , Subedi Shankar
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was carried out at research farm of Rampur Campus, Khairahani, Chitwan, Nepal to investigate the combined effect of different spacing and seed/stand on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus).The experiment was laid in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatment combinations, including Broadcasting, 50*30 cm spacing + single seed/stand, 50*30 cm spacing + double seed/stand, 40*20 cm spacing + single seed/stand and 40*20 cm spacing + double seed/stand. Phenological parameters, biometrical parameters, and yield attributes were assessed, revealing noteworthy findings. The finding revealed that treatment 2 (50*30 cm spacing + single seed/stand) consistently outperformed other treatments across multiple parameters, resulting in early (38.25 DAS) flowering, highest number of branches (3) and leaves (21.12) per plant, the highest (197.6 cm2) leaf canopy, a wider (12.22mm) stem diameter, highest (17.3) number of fruits per plant, and the highest (282.9gm) fruit yield per plant. In contrast, treatment 1 (Broadcasting) consistently exhibited the poorest performance across all parameters. Treatment 5 (40*20 cm spacing double seed/stand) demonstrated the highest (25.54 tons/hectare) total yield per hectare. While plant height, fruit length, and fruit diameter showed nonsignificant differences during statistical analysis. This finding suggests that a combination of 50*30cm spacing and a single seed /stand can be used to substantially boost okra yields and growth performance.
REDES SOCIALES Y SALUD MENTAL EN ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Livia Castillo Rosa Noelia , Mija Pesantes Yessica Smith , Rivas Céspedes Guillermo
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la conexión entre “Redes sociales y salud mental en adolescentes, 2024”. Esta investigación se alinea directamente con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, en particular con el tercero (3), que se enfoca en la salud y el bienestar. Este ODS tiene como meta asegurar una vida saludable y fomentar el bienestar para todas las personas, sin distinción de edad. Nuestro objetivo general es analizar cómo se relacionan las redes sociales con la salud mental de los adolescentes. Para lograr esto, realizamos un análisis cuantitativo con un diseño de investigación no experimental y correlacional, ya que no manipulamos intencionalmente las variables independientes, sino que estudiamos una muestra de 20 participantes. Utilizamos una encuesta como herramienta, la cual demuestra que tres dimensiones fundamentales de las redes sociales—el uso de internet, la utilización del celular y los videojuegos en línea—impactan directamente en la salud mental de los jóvenes. En conclusión, un uso adecuado de las redes sociales es crucial para lograr una salud mental equilibrada.
Visualisation ofEuglena gracilisorganelles and cytoskeleton using expansion microscopy
Authors: Konupková Anežka , Peña-Diaz Priscila , Hampl Vladimír
Published: February 2025

This article explores the use of expansion microscopy, a technique that enhances resolution in fluorescence microscopy, on the autotrophic protistEuglena gracilis. A modified protocol was developed to preserve the cell structures during fixation. Using antibodies against key cytoskeletal and organelle markers, α-tubulin, β-ATPase, and Rubisco activase, the microtubular structures, mitochondria, and chloroplasts were visualised. The organisation of the cytoskeleton corresponded to the findings from electron microscopy while allowing for the visualisation of the flagellar pocket in its entirety and revealing previously unnoticed details. This study offered insights into the shape and development of mitochondria and chloroplasts under varying conditions, such as culture ages and light cycles. This work demonstrated that expansion microscopy is a robust tool for visualising cellular structures inE. gracilis, an organism whose internal structures cannot be stained using standard immunofluorescence because of its complex pellicle. This technique also serves as a complement to electron microscopy, facilitating tomographic reconstructions in a routine fashion.
PICH impacts the spindle assembly checkpoint via its DNA translocase and SUMO-interaction activities
Authors: Lama Bunu , Park Hyewon , Saraf Anita , Hassebroek Victoria , Keifenheim Daniel , Saito-Fujita Tomoko , Saitoh Noriko , Aksenova Vasilisa , Arnaoutov Alexei , Dasso Mary , Clarke Duncan J , Azuma Yoshiaki
Published: February 2025

Either inhibiting or stabilizing SUMOylation in mitosis causes defects in chromosome segregation, suggesting that dynamic mitotic SUMOylation of proteins is critical to maintain integrity of the genome. Polo-like kinase 1–interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH), a mitotic chromatin remodeling enzyme, interacts with SUMOylated chromosomal proteins via threeSUMO-interactingmotifs (SIMs) to control their association with chromosomes. Using cell lines with conditional PICH depletion/PICH replacement, we revealed mitotic defects associated with compromised PICH functions toward SUMOylated chromosomal proteins. Defects in either remodeling activity or SIMs of PICH delayed mitotic progression caused by activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) indicated by extended duration of Mad1 foci at centromeres. Proteomics analysis of chromosomal SUMOylated proteins whose abundance is controlled by PICH activity identified candidate proteins to explain the SAC activation phenotype. Among the identified candidates, Bub1 kinetochore abundance is increased upon loss of PICH. Our results demonstrated a novel relationship between PICH and the SAC, where PICH directly or indirectly affects Bub1 association at the kinetochore and impacts SAC activity to control mitosis.
PEACEKEEPING AND SECURITY MECHANISMS FOR REGULATING CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Vivchar Іnna , Kret Roman , Kundeus Oksana
Published: February 2025

The article explores multilateral institutions and their approaches to stabilizing and resolving conflicts on a global scale. In particular, the author analyzes the key international organizations, such as the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operationin Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the European Union, highlighting their roles in ensuring international security and maintaining peace. The research shows that the UN serves as a central actor in global peacekeeping activities, conducting peacekeeping missions in conflict regions and working on conflict prevention through diplomacy and sanctions. Its Security Councilis a key decision-making body in addressing international security challenges. The OSCE, as the largest regional organization, focuses on conflict resolution in Europe and Central Asia, utilizing preventive diplomacy, election monitoring, and observation missions. NATO, as a defense alliance, directs its efforts toward collective security and stabilization through peacekeeping missions and operations in crisis regions, particularly in the context of hybrid threats. The EU, in turn, develops its own security mechanisms through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, aimed at protecting Europe’s interests and promoting global peace. The article examines the interaction of these organizations in contemporary international relations and their effectiveness in responding to new challenges such as terrorism, cyber threats, and climate change. The author also provides practical recommendations for improving peacekeeping and security mechanisms to more effectively address modern challenges to international stability and ensure lasting peace.
Advancements and challenges in automatic milking systems: A comprehensive review
Authors: Yamunarani T. , Bharathkumar R. , Jeevitha V. , Jagadeesh S.
Published: February 2025

Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) have revolutionized dairy farming by automating the milking process, improving efficiency, reducing labor, and enhancing farm management. AMS technology, integrated with sensors and machine learning algorithms, enables real-time monitoring of cow health and productivity, optimizing the milking process. This study explores advancements in AMS, focusing on key technological components such as robotic milking, sensor systems, and predictive data analytics. Studies demonstrate that AMS improves labor efficiency, cow welfare, and overall farm profitability. However, the adoption of AMS is challenged by high initial investment costs, the need for cow adaptation, and technological learning curves for farmers. Future advancements in sensor technology, data processing, and machine learning will enhance AMS's reliability and accessibility, particularly for small-scale farmers. This study highlights AMS's potential to contribute to sustainable and humane dairy farming practices while addressing current limitations and identifying opportunities for future research.
Algılanan Ebeveynlik Tutumları ile Psikolojik Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişkide Aleksitiminin Aracı Rolü (The Intermediate Role of Alexitimia in The Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Attitudes and Psychological Symptoms)
Authors: Aydın Yöntem Evin , Özkol Cop Hivren
Published: February 2025

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, algılanan ebeveynlik tutumları ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide aleksitimininaracılık rolünü test etmektir. Çalışmaya 595 katılımcı dahil edilmiştir ve katılımcılara sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği, Kısa Semptom Envanteri ve Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ölçekler, çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze yöntemlerle toplanmıştır. Veriler Pearson korelasyon analizi ve yol analizi ile incelenmiştir. Obsesif ve bozuk ebeveynlik alt boyutları oluşturulmuş ve bu boyutlar üzerinden dört yapısal model test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, aleksitiminin ebeveynlik tutumlarının psikolojik belirtiler üzerindeki etkisinde anlamlı bir aracılık rolü olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, ebeveynlik biçimleri ile aleksitimi ve psikolojik belirtiler arasında pozitif ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçeve içinde tartışılmış, araştırmacılar ve klinisyenler için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Research on College Students’ Ideological and Political Education from the Perspective of New Media
Authors: Yeerlahan Aman , Talehatibieke Mulideer
Published: February 2025

In today’s era, the rapid development of new media technology has reshaped college students’ learning and lives, and brought opportunities and challenges to college students’ ideological and political education. This study focuses on the situation of college students’ ideological and political education under the new media environment, analyzes the opportunities and challenges, provides insights into the existing problems, and puts forward countermeasures to enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of college students’ ideological and political education in the new media wave, so as to lay a solid foundation for cultivating all-round development talents in the new era and promote the innovative development of higher education in the new media era.
Curriculum Reform in Vietnam: Teacher Autonomy and the Reality of Its Implementation in Classrooms
Authors: Tran Thi Quynh Nga , Le Thi Ngoc Anh
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how the teacher autonomy granted by the General Education Program (GEP) 2018 reform policies is implemented in real classroom environments in Vietnam. Teacher autonomy is critical in enhancing educational innovation and fostering student-centered learning in Vietnam. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure diverse representation, including 20 primary school teachers from various regions in central Vietnam, all of whom had experience teaching under the GEP 2018. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative focus group interviews with these teachers and quantitative survey data to validate findings. This study aims to explore teachers' perceptions of autonomy and the challenges they face in implementing the GEP 2018, providing insights to bridge the gap between policy and practice. The results show that many teachers find increased autonomy challenging due to unclear guidance, heavier workloads, and insufficient support, which undermines the reform's goal of empowerment. The study highlights the need for clear guidance, better training, and systemic support to align policy with classroom practice.