bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do ciclo de vida do uso de cimento na construção civil residencial brasileira
Authors: Farias Emmanuel Eduardo Vitorino de , Oliveira Rui de , Silva Mônica Maria Pereira da , Medeiros Giselaine Maria Gomes de
Published: June 2022

A construção civil habitacional é um dos maiores consumidores de cimento no Brasil. O cimento demanda grande quantidade de matéria prima e energia, para a sua produção, com emissões nocivas ao meio ambiente. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar os impactos ambientais relacionados ao uso de cimento na construção habitacional brasileira, por m² de área construída, enfatizando, também, o uso de recursos hídricos ao longo de sua cadeia produtiva. Para esse fim, foram utilizados como referência para os cálculos três projetos habitacionais de padrão popular. Os impactos ambientais do cimento foram estimados com base na avaliação do seu ciclo de vida, pegada hídrica e pegada de escassez hídrica. Os resultados demonstram que os maiores impactos negativos estão relacionados às emissões de gases que provocam mudanças climáticas e ao uso excessivo de recursos hídricos. Por fim, o presente estudo fornece subsídios para melhorias de projetos de arquitetura, processos construtivos e materiais empregados para minimizar os danos ambientais.
Uso de indicadores para avaliação da degradação ambiental no Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Refati Daiana Caroline , Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Lima Ricardo da Cunha Correia , Silva Neto Cícero Fidelis da
Published: June 2022

A desordenada ocupação territorial do Semiárido brasileiro aliada a distribuição desigual das terras promoveu desigualdades no uso e no acesso aos recursos naturais. O processo de urbanização e industrialização e o consequente êxodo da população rural, geraram uma nova relação campo-cidade e significativas transformações ambientais. Aliado a isso, condições climáticas adversas e a forte pressão antrópica ao meio ambiente levaram a região a um quadro preocupante de degradação ambiental, com destaque para a região do Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte. Nessa pesquisa foi utilizado um índice de desenvolvimento sustentável para avaliar a relação entre a questão fundiária, uso do solo, extrativismo vegetal e pecuária com a degradação ambiental na microrregião do Seridó. Nessa região há um pequeno número de grandes propriedades que ocupam maiores extensões de terras, enquanto as pequenas propriedades possuem grande número de imóveis para pouca área disponível. No período estudado (1995-2017) houve aumento da atividade pecuária, notadamente a ovinocultura e caprinocultura. A extração de lenha reduziu na região, embora essa atividade ainda seja a principal causa da degradação no município de Parelhas. As terras na região são em geral utilizadas como lavoura temporárias e permanentes. Cruzeta, Equador, Santana do Seridó, São João do Sabugi e São José do Seridó foram os municípios com maiores níveis de degradação.
Semiárido e agricultura familiar no município de Upanema (RN): uma análise acerca do assentamento de reforma agrária Bom Lugar I
Authors: Sousa Júnior Francisco Souto de , Santos José Erimar dos , Aquino Josiel Medeiros de
Published: June 2022

O referente trabalho teve como objetivo, compreender a realidade da agricultura familiar no Assentamento de Reforma Agrária Bom Lugar I, analisando as atividades produtivas e suas possibilidades de avanços na superação das desigualdades sociais no contexto do semiárido, no município de Upanema-RN (Brasil). A pesquisa, baseada no levantamento e tratamento de dados qualitativos, tem como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada. Sobre a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a elaboração de quadros, tabelas e transcrições textuais, possibilitando a construção de reflexões e apontamentos com base nas informações coletadas no estudo desenvolvido (YIM, 2010). Mesmo em condições climáticas adversas, a agricultura familiar contribui para fixar o homem e a mulher do campo no semiárido, cujo sistema produtivo feijão-milho-caju-melancia é a policultura alimentar marcante.  Apesar de identificar inexistência de suporte técnico para os agricultores familiares, a cadeia produtiva presente na espacialidade do Bom Lugar I, é destinada para o consumo familiar. É compreendido que a agricultura familiar tem contribuído na redução das desigualdades sociais no contexto dos assentamentos no semiárido com base na produção dos alimentos, garantindo a erradicação da fome. Contudo, vale destacar a necessidade de ampliar as possibilidades de implementação de tecnologias sociais que possibilitem aos agricultores produzir alimentos o ano inteiro, ampliando a qualidade de vida e oportunizando novas possibilidades de convivência com o semiárido.
Aportaciones teóricas ante la red transfeminista
Authors: Parellada Marta
Published: June 2022

La historia del feminismo es una historia de cuestionamiento de los privilegios y de inclusión gradual de grupos de mujeres anteriormente invisibilizadas o, directamente, excluidas. Así ocurrió con la raza o la etnia, con la clase social, con la orientación sexual, etc., y así ocurre actualmente con el colectivo trans. ¿Existe una red transfeminista? ¿Son compatibles las ideas feministas y las identidades trans? Este articulo propone una revisión de la literatura académica que nos permita conocer qué se ha escrito respecto a la relación entre el movimiento feminista y el activismo trans. Nos centraremos, específicamente, en los debates subyacentes a la problemática actual para mostrar la complejidad del debate, la riqueza de la disconformidad y el peligro de la polarización.
Dilemmaer i translation og transformation af erfaringsbaserede kollaborative læringsformer til digitale læringsplatforme
Authors: Gyldendahl Jensen Camilla , Dau Susanne , Riise Clausen Nicolaj , Ryberg Thomas , Brogaard Bertel Lykke
Published: June 2022

Erfaringsbaserede kollaborative læringsformer (ECL) som udtrykt i problembaseret læring, refleksiv praksislæring, case-baseret læring og hacker-pædagogik bidrager til udvikling af kompetencer, som er centrale for udvikling af praksis og erhverv. En stor del af undervisningen på de videregående uddannelser og efter-videreuddannelser er i de seneste år, og især under Covid19, omlagt til digitale forløb eller delvist digitale, blendede og hybride former. Der mangler dog viden om, hvad denne omlægning betyder for mere erfaringsbaserede og kollaborative læringsforløb og hvilke dilemmaer, der kan opstå i forsøget på at oversætte og transformere denne type af læring til digitale forløb på læringsplatforme. Derfor undersøger og konceptualiserer denne artikel, hvad der karakteriserer ECL forløb og hvilke dilemmaer, der opstår, når ECL transformeres til digitale undervisningsformater, på baggrund af forsknings- og udviklingsprojektet ‘Unified platform For Learning and Development’ (UnFoLD). På baggrund af  en analyse af projektets ecosystemer beskrives hvilke dilemmaer en transformation af ECL til digitale platformsløsninger skaber. På den baggrund gives et bud på tre dilemmaer, henholdsvis dilemmaet mellem design af lærerprocesser og ikke kun system, envisioning som metodik til at forstå og arbejde med systemets hierarki og automatiseret kvalitative feedback. Der redegøres for hvorledes disse dilemmaer kan imødegås gennem envisioning og en fokuseret designproces.
The future is here: Mind control and torture in the digital era
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau
Published: June 2022

Torture, understood as a relationship of domination in which one person breaks the will and impedes the self-determination of another human being, taking control of all aspects of the victims’ life and trying to change the core elements of their identity to the perpetrator’s interests (Pérez-Sales, 2017), will increasingly come to be linked to new technologies, artificial intelligence, the use of media and internet, and to new forms of lethal and non-lethalweapons. The author reviews the implications of modern technology for the contemporary fight against torture and some of the emerging civil society initiatives that aim to face them.
Investigating the Effect of Missing Data on the Experimental Test of Mathematics for the Second-Secondary Students
Authors: Freihat Aiman
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to uncover the effect of the missing values using the Rasch model on an experimental test of mathematics for the second-secondary students. To achieve the goal of the study, a multiple-choice test was designed testing all basic skills found on the student’s book. The test consisted of 103 items. This study was conducted in September 2019. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Winstep, and MG3-BILOG. To determine the correlation coefficients, the results showed that the test had good psychometric properties and the test had high reliability, validity indications, acceptable difficulty, and discrimination coefficients. The findings also showed that the differentiation coefficients of items were equal. The results also showed that the premises of the Rasch model were fulfilled. Further, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the three models according to the percentage of data loss, standard error, difficulty, internal and external matching, and bias, and were in favor of the original model before missing the values.
Population structure in Quercus suber L. revealed by nuclear microsatellite markers
Authors: Sousa Filipe , Costa Joana , Ribeiro Carla , Varandas Marta , Pina-Martins Francisco , Simões Fernanda , Matos José , Glushkova Maria , Miguel Célia , Veloso Maria Manuela , Oliveira Margarida , Pinto Ricardo Cândido , Batista Dora , Paulo Octávio S.
Published: June 2022

Quercus suber L. is a sclerophyllous tree species native to the western Mediterranean, a region that is considered highly vulnerable to increased temperatures and severe dry conditions due to environmental changes. Understanding the population structure and demographics of Q. suber is essential in order to anticipate whether populations at greater risk and the species as a whole have the genetic background and reproductive dynamics to enable rapid adaptation. The genetic diversity of Q. suber has been subject to different studies using both chloroplast and nuclear data, but population structure patterns remain unclear. Here, we perform genetic analyses on Q. suber using 13 nuclear microsatellite markers, and analysed 17 distinct locations across the entire range of the species. Structure analyses revealed that Q. suber may contain three major genetic clusters that likely result from isolation in refugia combined with posterior admixture and putative introgression from other Quercus species. Our results show a more complex structure scenario than previously inferred for Q. suber using nuclear markers and suggest that different southern populations contain high levels of genetic variation that may contribute to the resilience of Q. suber in a context of environmental change and adaptive pressure.
Phenotypic Diversity of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Genotypes for Grain Yield Characters
Authors: Madhusri D. , Lavanya G. Roopa , Elangovan M.
Published: June 2022

Analysis of variance showed high significant differences among 40 finger millet genotypes for all the characters under study. High GCV and PCV was recorded for number of tillers per plant, biological yield and peduncle length respectively suggesting that there was predominance of additive gene action. Number of tillers per plant, biological yield, peduncle length, harvest index, grain yield per plant, finger length, ear head length, Number of fingers, days to 50 % flowering exhibited  high  estimates  of heritability  with   high   genetic   advance, indicating   that   these  characters are predominantly  governed  by  additive  gene  action  and  selection  on the  basis  of  these characters would be more effective. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 value, the genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters II and IV (25.95) followed by cluster II and III (12.16) and crosses involving genotypes from these clusters can be selected to yield superior segregants and future genetic improvement. Peduncle length, biological yield, days to 50% flowering and grain yield per plant appeared to be the most important trait contributing 79.11% towards genetic divergence.
TOKAT MUSALLALARI
Authors: Açıkel Ali
Published: June 2022

slamiyet’in ortaya çıkışından itibaren mescit dışında açık havada
cenaze, bayram ve teravih namazları kılmak ve diğer toplu etkinliler
yapmak için “musallâ” adı verilen özel mekânlar tesis edilmiştir.
Bu “musalla” geleneği Türk-İslam devletlerinde de devam
ettirilmiştir. Bu mekânlar genel olarak “îdgâh”, “kıblegâh”,
“namazgâh”, “musallâ” ve “secdegâh” gibi isimler almışlardır. Bu
terimlerin aralarında bazı ufak anlam farklılıkları olmakla birlikte
tamamı açık hava ibadet ve toplanma yerlerini işaret etmektedir. Bu
türden yerler yaygın olarak Arapça “musallâ” ve Farsça
“namazgâh” adıyla bilinmektedir. Bilhassa Selçuklu ve Osmanlı
dönemlerinde hem şehir merkezlerinde ve mezarlıklarda hem de yol
güzergâhlarında cami harici birçok musalla ya da namazgâh
mekânları kurulmuş, bunların bakım ve onarımı ile görevlilerinin
ücretleri için vakıflar tesis edilmiştir. Bu tesislerin ancak bir kısmı
günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Birçok araştırmacı Anadolu
coğrafyasındaki bu ibadet ve etkinlik alanlarının fonksiyonları ve
mimarî özellikleri üzerine çok sayıda incelemeler kaleme
almışlardır.
Musalla ya da namazgâh denilen ibadet ve toplanma yerleri
Selçuklu ve Osmanlı döneminde Tokat’ta da tesis edilmiştir. Tokat
şehir merkezi ve çevresinde tesis edilen cami harici ibadet ve
toplanma mekânları arşiv kayıtlarında genel olarak “musallâ”,
bazen de “namazgâh” diye isimlendirilmiştir. Tokat musallaları
hakkında müstakil bir çalışma yapılmamış ancak bazı
incelemelerde kısaca temas edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yeni tespit
edilen arşiv kayıtları ve inceleme eserler yardımı ile Tokat
musallaları derli toplu bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı,
özelde Tokat’ın genelde Osmanlı Devleti’nin inanç kültürüne katkı
sağlamaktır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Osmanlı, Tokat, Musalla, Namazgâh, Vakıf
MANIFESTATION OF TANZIMAT PERIOD ARCHITECTURE IN TOPHANA: TOPHANA PAVILION DESIGNED BY AN ENGLISH ARCHITECT WILLIAM JAMES SMITH
Authors: İGÜS ESMA
Published: June 2022

Bu makale, İstanbul Beyoğlu ilçesinde yer alan ve günümüzde
Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi’nin kullanımında
olan Tophane Kasrı’na dairdir. Kasır, Sultan Abdülmecid
tarafından 1851 yılında Tophane Askeri Tesislerine rıhtımdan
gelen ziyaretçilerin karşılanması amacıyla yaptırılmıştır. Kasır,
yapıldığı tarihten günümüze kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür.
Tasarımı, Osmanlı Sarayı’nın maaşlı resmi mimarı İngiliz
William James Smith’e aittir.
Makalede, Tophane Kasrı’nın mimari ve süsleme özellikleri
sanat ve mimarlık tarihi disiplinleri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
Ayrıca yapının bulunduğu fiziksel çevre, tarihsellik
perspektifinde değerlendirilmiştir. Kasrın mimarı William
James Smith’in kısa bir biyografisi ile mimarın XIX. yüzyıl
Osmanlı mimarlığındaki yeri ve metinde ele alınan diğer
başlıklardır. Metnin oluşumunda literatür taraması ve
sonrasında yerinde araştırma yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Devlet
Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi’nde konuya ilişkin
belgeler ile çeşitli arşivlerde yer alan belge ve fotoğraflardan
faydalanılmıştır.
Comparações Brasil e Alemanha: Uma Analise Sobre os Principais Pontos do Sistema Bancário e Suas Sofisticações
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Silva , Dos Santos Gabriel Marques , Silva Kaue Marques , Gois Leonardo Gonçalves , Cavalcante Ramon Beserra
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do sistema bancário brasileiro e do sistema bancário alemão, tendo como base informações coletadas no Banco Central Brasileiro, no Deutsche Bundesbank e incluindo outras instituições de pesquisa onde foi analisado o período de 2008 até 2017. Entre essas informações, destaca-se uma análise entre os dois sistemas, baseado em indicadores de solvência, segurança, crescimento e desenvolvimento de uma proxy para avaliar a qualidade do sistema bancário brasileiro quando comprado ao sistema bancário alemão.
Conducting Polymers
Authors: Frontana Uribe Bernardo A. , Palma‐Cando Alex U.
Published: June 2022

This article gives valuable information about the history and the different families, synthesis, and characteristics of the most used conducting polymers, namely, polyphenylenes, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, poly(arylene‐vinylenes), polyanilines, and polycarbazoles, and diverse conducting polymers (liquid crystalline conducting polymers (LCCPs), conducting polymer blends, composites, and colloids). Also discussed are the information about the fundamental aspects of the conducting process including charge carriers, doping processes, optical properties, and electrical conduction properties and, finally, the practical information regarding stability and applications.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial evaluating the selective dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor vidofludimus calcium in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fox Robert J. , Wiendl Heinz , Wolf Christian , De Stefano Nicola , Sellner Johann , Gryb Viktoriia , Rejdak Konrad , Bozhinov Plamen Stoyanov , Tomakh Nataliya , Skrypchenko Iryna , Muehler Andreas R.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase suppresses magnetic resonance imaging brain lesions and disease activity in multiple sclerosis but has limiting tolerability. We assessed the safety and efficacy of vidofludimus calcium, a novel, selective dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis.

Methods

This double‐blind, 24 weeks, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial (EMPhASIS) enrolled patients 18–55 years with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to once‐daily vidofludimus calcium (30 mg or 45 mg) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the cumulative number of combined unique active lesions to week 24 between vidofludimus calcium 45 mg and placebo (clinicalTrials.gov number NCT03846219; EudraCT 2018–001896‐19).

Results

After 24 weeks, the mean cumulative number of combined unique active lesions was 6.4 (95% CI: 2.8–13.9) with placebo compared to 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1–4.9) with vidofludimus calcium 45 mg (rate ratio 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22–0.64; p = 0.0002); the rate ratio between vidofludimus calcium 30 mg and placebo was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.17–0.53; p < 0.0001). Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 30 (44%) of patients assigned placebo and 60 (43%) of patients assigned vidofludimus calcium. Serious adverse events occurred in one (1%) assigned placebo and two (1%) assigned vidofludimus calcium. No increased incidence of infectious, hepatic, or renal treatment‐emergent adverse events or serious adverse events was observed.

Interpretation

Treatment with vidofludimus calcium led to a reduction in new magnetic resonance imaging lesions in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis and was well tolerated with a favorable safety profile. Assessment in longer, larger trials is justified.
Polymer‐Assisted Crystal Growth Regulation and Defect Passivation for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Feng Wenjing , Zhao Yaping , Lin Kebin , Lu Jianxun , Liang Yuming , Liu Kaikai , Xie Liqiang , Tian Chengbo , Lyu Tianshuai , Wei Zhanhua
Published: June 2022

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (Pero‐LEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 20% have been achieved in the last several years. However, the reproducibility of such high‐efficiency Pero‐LEDs is still low. The perovskite film quality, especially for the non‐radiative defects, is crucial in determining the device performance. These defects may lie in bulk grains, grain boundaries, and interfaces of the as‐formed perovskite films. Here, a polymer infiltrative treatment method is developed to realize effective and universal defect passivation. Specifically, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer chains are blended into the perovskite films before they are fully crystallizing. This infiltrative treatment method can regulate crystallization and passivate defects through the chemical interactions of perovskite lattices and PVDF. As a result, high‐quality perovskite films with void‐free surfaces and few‐defect crystals are obtianed. The corresponding Pero‐LEDs show a maximum EQE of 22.29% and an average EQE of 20.44 ± 0.73% based on a statistical analysis of 50 devices, exhibiting excellent reproducibility. The work provides better insights into controlling crystal growth and defect passivation via polymer‐assisted methods for efficient Pero‐LEDs.
Concentrated Electrolytes Enabling Stable Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Jin , Zarrabeitia Maider , Mariani Alessandro , Kuenzel Matthias , Mullaliu Angelo , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano
Published: June 2022

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are promising devices for large‐scale energy‐storage applications because of their low‐cost, inherent safety, and environmental friendliness. Among them, aqueous ammonium‐ion (NH4+) batteries (AAIB) are currently emerging owing to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to obtain stable AAIB with relatively high output potential, considering the instability of many electrode materials in an aqueous environment. Herein, a cell based on a concentrated (5.8 m) aqueous (NH4)2SO4 electrolyte, ammonium copper hexacyanoferrate (N‐CuHCF) as the positive electrode (cathode), and 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐bis(dicarboximide) (PTCDI) as the negative electrode (anode) is reported. The solvation structure, electrochemical properties, as well as the electrode–electrolyte interface and interphase are systematically investigated by the combination of theoretical and experimental methods. The results indicate a remarkable cycling performance of the low‐cost rocking‐chair AAIB, which offers a capacity retention of ≈72% after 1000 cycles and an average output potential of ≈1.0 V.
Expanding the Scope of Enantioselective Halohydrin Dehalogenases – Group B
Authors: Mehić Emina , Hok Lucija , Wang Qian , Dokli Irena , Miklenić Marina Svetec , Blažević Zvjezdana Findrik , Tang Lixia , Vianello Robert , Elenkov Maja Majerić
Published: June 2022

Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) possess an unnatural activity of introducing functionalities such as N3, CN, NO2 etc., into a molecule through the ring‐opening reaction of epoxides. The enantioselectivity of HHDHs is substrate‐dependent and not always high enough for synthetic applications. B‐group of HHDHs has been neglected in the past, due to observed low enantioselectivity based on performance on a relatively limited number of substrates. Extensive screening of substrates on HheB2 from Mycobacterium sp. GP1 and HheB from Corynebacterium sp. N‐1074 was performed. Several highly enantioselective reactions were discovered (E>200), with HheB showing higher enantioselectivity and activity toward larger panel of substrates compared to HheB2. Enzymes HheB and HheB2 are highly homologous; they differ by only 4 residues. By using site‐directed mutagenesis, residues 120 and 125 were found to be responsible for higher enantioselectivity of HheB compared to HheB2. Computational analysis supported experiments and provided evidence that kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of reactions within HheB enzymes are crucial in determining the observed enantioselectivities. Due to remarkable activity and enantioselectivity, B‐group HHDHs emerged as a catalyst of choice for the synthesis of bulky tertiary alcohols, as shown in this work.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbazoles by Perester
Authors: He Li , Xu Yongjun
Published: June 2022

An intramolecular C−H amination for the synthesis of carbazoles with a Pd(II)/TBPB system has been developed. This catalytic amination process forms the carbazole products in good to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that this method implied the advantages of the catalytic mode involving perester with transition metal catalyst in the activation of inert C−H bonds. In addition, the transformation performs well using water as solvent.

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3D geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments indicates a relationship between wrist anatomy and unique locomotor behavior in hylobatids
Authors: Casado Aroa , Cuesta‐Torralvo Elisabeth , Pastor Juan Francisco , De Diego Marina , Gómez Mónica , Ciurana Neus , Potau Josep Maria
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore the anatomical differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments between hylobatids and other hominoids that may be related to their different locomotor behaviors.

Materials and Methods

The morphology of the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments was analyzed with three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) in the distal radial epiphysis of 44 hylobatids, 25 Pan, 31 Gorilla and 15 Pongo.

Results

Relative to other hominoids, hylobatid insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments were relatively larger and the insertion site of the short radiolunate ligament had a palmar orientation.

Discussion

Larger palmar radiocarpal ligaments in hylobatids can help stabilize the wrist during the radial and ulnar displacement that occurs in ricochetal brachiation, the characteristic locomotor behavior of hylobatids, and compensate for the large traction loads on the wrist during extended‐elbow vertical climbing.
Direkte enantioselektive Addition von Alkinen an Imine unter Verwendung eines hocheffizienten Palladacyclus als Katalysator
Authors: Pfeffer Camilla , Probst Patrick , Wannenmacher Nick , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René
Published: June 2022

Enantiomerenreine Propargylamine sind sehr wertvolle Synthesebausteine. Große Anstrengungen wurden bereits unternommen, um Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung zu entwickeln. Als vermutlich wichtigste Synthesestrategie ist die 1,2‐Addition von Alkinen an Imine zu nennen. Trotz aussichtsreicher Fortschritte sind für die bekannten Verfahren unter Verwendung von Zn‐ und Cu‐Katalysatoren hohe Katalysatorladungen, die typischerweise im Bereich von 2–60 mol % für neutrale Aldiminsubstrate liegen, notwendig. Wir entwickelten einen planar‐chiralen Pd‐Komplex, welcher als hocheffizienter Katalysator für die direkte asymmetrische Alkin‐Addition an Imine dient und sehr geringe Katalysatorladungen ermöglicht. Umsatzzahlen von bis zu 8700 wurden erreicht. Unsere Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass mit Hilfe eines acac‐Liganden, der als interne katalytische Base fungiert, ein Pd‐Acetylid‐Komplex als katalytisch relevantes Intermediat erzeugt wird. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass der Katalysator unter den Reaktionsbedingungen weitgehend stabil ist und keine Produktinhibierung auftritt. Insgesamt sind 39 Beispiele aufgeführt, die alle nahezu enantiomerenreine Produkte ergaben.
Reconfigurable Liquids Constructed by Pillar[6]arene‐Based Nanoparticle Surfactants
Authors: Luo Yuzheng , Yang Yang , Wang Yongkang , Wu Zhanpeng , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei
Published: June 2022

The interfacial jamming of nanoparticle surfactants offers the possibility of structuring liquids and fabricating all‐liquid constructs with advanced functionality. However, less attention has been given to structured liquids with multiple responsiveness. Here, we show a novel, yet highly simplified nanoparticle surfactant model, pillar[6]arene (PA[6]) surfactant, by taking advantage of the host–guest interactions between a water‐soluble PA[6] and an oil‐soluble ligand, ferrocenium terminated polystyrene. PA[6] surfactants form rapidly at the oil–water interface, assemble into an elastic film with excellent mechanical strength, and when jammed, offer a “solid‐like” assembly to lock‐in highly nonequilibrium shapes of the liquids. The interfacial assembly/jamming and disassembly/unjamming of PA[6] surfactants can be controlled by chemical redox or competitive guest reagents, endowing the structured liquids with redox or guest‐competitive responsiveness.
A novel process for the synthesis of p‐aminophenol by transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using formic acid as hydrogen source
Authors: Jia Yu , Li Fang , Zhang Yisheng , Wang Zhimiao , Che Conghui , Xue Wei , Wang Yanji
Published: June 2022

p‐Aminophenol (PAP) was synthesized via the transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB) over a Pd/AC + SO42−/ZrO2 catalyst using formic acid as the hydrogen source. Pd loading had an obvious effect on the reaction, with an optimal loading of 7 wt.%. The average Pd crystallite size was 3–4 nm, and both Pd0 and Pd2+ species were present on the catalyst surface. The relative proportions of Pd0 and Pd2+ affected the synthesis of PAP, with higher Pd2+ concentrations increasing the PAP selectivity. The reaction conditions for PAP synthesis were optimized, and an NB conversion of 69.6% with 38.1% PAP selectivity was obtained. After the same catalyst sample was used four times, the NB conversion decreased from 69.6% to 61.3%, and PAP selectivity decreased from 34.7% to 21.5%. These changes were attributed to the loss of Pd and S from the catalyst.
High‐performance crystallized composite carbon nanoparticles/polyimide fibers
Authors: Vaganov Gleb , Ivan'kova Elena , Didenko Andrey , Popova Elena , Elokhovskiy Vladimir , Kasatkin Igor , Yudin Vladimir
Published: June 2022

High‐performance fibers have been obtained on the basis of fusible semicrystalline R‐BAPB polyimide (PI) matrix and single‐wall carbon nanotubes by the melt spinning method. The resulting fibers have been subjected to orientational drawing and crystallization annealing. An effect of introducing the single‐wall carbon nanotubes as well as orientation drawing and crystallization annealing on the crystallizability, structure, and mechanical properties of the composite PI fibers has been investigated. The use of the carbon nanotubes induces heterogeneous nucleation of the crystalline phase of PI on the surface of the nanoparticles. The introduction of the carbon nanoparticles increases the crystallization rate and reduces the shrinkage of the oriented fibers during annealing, making it possible to obtain crystallized PI fibers with enhanced mechanical characteristics.
Stability‐indicating HPLC method development and validation of rivaroxaban impurities and identification of forced degradation products using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Cholleti Vijaykumar , Ravindra kumar Yalavarti , Pasula Aparna , Surya Prakash Rao Pydimarry
Published: June 2022

The current aim of this study is to develop a simple, sensitive, and robust analytical method that can separate the Rivaroxaban and its related impurities by using HPLC. This new method can separate enantiomers and all the process‐related impurities of rivaroxaban. This method can also be used to determine the assay of rivaroxaban in drug substances and drug products. This new method was developed using a Chiralpak IC (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column at 27°C with a gradient program of 25.0 min at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Mobile phase A consisted of acetonitrile, ethanol, and n‐butyl amine in the ratio of 95:5:0.5 (v/v/v), respectively. Mobile phase B consisted of a mixture of Milli‐Q water, methanol, and n‐butyl amine in the ratio of 50:50:0.5 (v/v/v), respectively. The detector wavelength was 254 nm. Rivaroxaban was subjected to the forced degradation conditions (stress conditions) of hydrolysis, base, acid, thermal, photolysis, and oxidation. The degradation products were well separated from rivaroxaban peak and enantiomer peak, and its potential impurities prove the stability‐indicating power of the method. The proposed new stability‐indicating method was validated with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, limit of detection, linearity robustness, and roundness per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The %RSD (relative standard deviation) for six sample preparations for rivaroxaban and impurities less than 10% and the recovery is between 90 and 110%. The current method can be used in quality control labs for analysis of commercial products.
Impact of implementing project‐based assignment (PBA) in CDIO framework for computer numerical control application course
Authors: Julius Fusic S. , Anandh N. , Anitha D. , Sugumari T. , Sri Vinodhini H.
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades, the development of engineering skills among students has been drastically reduced in Indian education. The students need to develop not only knowledge but also the necessary skills to survive in fast‐growing technology. Particularly in industry‐related automation courses, the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) adds to the necessity of building engineering skills at a higher level. It is well observed from various educational studies that engineering skills with higher cognitive ability can be developed with problem‐based learning (PBL). The curriculum has to be designed in such a way that it provides a flexible framework for PBL. As the current assessment system has written exams as a major element of evaluation, PBL can be incorporated into practice in the form of hands‐on problem‐based assignments (PBA) that are evaluated periodically. This study proposes the exercising of PBL as PBA to validate K4 (Analyze) and K5 (Evaluate) cognitive levels according to Bloom's cognitive domain. The proposed case study discusses the impact of project‐based assignment (PBA) in two different approaches in the curriculum of Mechatronics Engineering. The first approach follows Outcome Based Education with Choice Based Credit System (OBE‐CBCS approach) and the second approach has an additional Conceive Design Implement and Operate framework to it (OBE‐CBCS‐CDIO approach). The continuous assessment and assignment methods vary with different education curriculum systems. This study  presents the impact study of the PBA activity in a Mechatronics course, “Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Application” in 2 consecutive years with two different curriculum frameworks. The results show that the OBE‐CBCS‐CDIO framework students outperform the OBE‐CBCS students in acquiring higher‐order thinking skills.
Fighting inequalities in times of pandemic: The role of politicized identities and interdependent self‐construal in coping with economic threat
Authors: del Fresno‐Díaz Ángel , Estevan‐Reina Lucía , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Ángel , Willis Guillermo B. , de Lemus Soledad
Published: June 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, institutions encouraged social isolation and non‐interaction with other people to prevent contagion. Still, the response to an impending economic crisis must be through the collective organization. In this set of pre‐registered studies, we analyse two possible mechanisms of coping with collective economic threats: shared social identity and interdependent self‐construction. We conducted three correlational studies during the pandemic in May–October 2020 (Study 1,N = 363; Study 2,N = 250; Study 3,N = 416). Results show that shared identity at two levels of politicization (i.e., working‐class and 99% identities) and interdependent self‐construal mediated the relationship between collective economic threat, intolerance towards economic inequality and collective actions to reduce it. The results highlight that the collective economic threat can reinforce the sense of community—either through the activation of a politicized collective identity, such as the working class or the 99% or through the activation of an interdependent self—which in turn can trigger greater involvement in the fight against economic inequality. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.
GiantScope: A simulation microscopy for middle school biological experiment education
Authors: Zhang Haoyang , Zhang Mingmin , Pan Zhigeng , Cao Mingliang , Li Yongheng , Zhong Yong , Chen Ganglin , Liu Xin
Published: June 2022

We present a simulation microscope device called GiantScope, which combines virtual microscope, cloud computing, and embedded technologies. Users can complete most of the microscope‐based experiments in biology courses by operating our device, while learning the operating skills of microscopes at the same time. Our device supports most of the operation functions of optical microscopes, including quasifocus screw adjustment, slide movement recognition and so on, and also has auxiliary enhancement functions including manual measurement, annotation and so on. In addition, we have built a cloud‐based digital slide database, which enables users to select experimental observations through digital slides, including static cell specimens or dynamic cell activities. After user study, we found that using GiantScope for biological experiments has better learning efficiency and user experience than traditional microscopes.
STAT Protein Thermal Shift Assays to Monitor Protein‐Inhibitor Interactions
Authors: Iliev Petar , Hanke Danielle , Page Brent D. G.
Published: June 2022

STAT3 protein is a sought‐after drug target as it plays a key role in the progression of cancer. Many STAT3 inhibitors (STAT3i) have been reported, but accumulating evidence suggests many of these act as off‐target/indirect inhibitors of STAT signaling. Herein, we describe the STAT protein thermal shift assay (PTSA) as a novel target engagement tool, which we used to test the binding of known STAT3i to STAT3 and STAT1. This revealed STATTIC, BP‐1‐102, and Cpd188 destabilized both STATs and produced unique migratory patterns on SDS‐PAGE gels, suggesting covalent protein modifications. Mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that these compounds are nonspecifically alkylating STATs, as well as an unrelated protein, NUDT5. These experiments have highlighted the benefits of PTSA to investigate interactions with STAT proteins and have helped reveal the novel reactivity of Cpd188. The described PTSA represents a promising chemical biology tool that could be applied to an array of other protein targets.
Unusual presentation of aggressive high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of colonic origin: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kosto Amit , Gozlan‐Talmor Aya , Levy Etai , Nalbandyan Karen , Fuchs Lior , Galante Ori
Published: June 2022

Colonic lymphoma is a rare disease. The presented case is unique, being manifested with abrupt onset, including circulatory shock and lactic acidosis as the initial presentation.
Cephem‐Pyrazinoic Acid Conjugates: Circumventing Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Cole Malcolm S. , Howe Michael D. , Buonomo Joseph A. , Sharma Sachin , Lamont Elise A. , Brody Scott I. , Mishra Neeraj K. , Minato Yusuke , Thiede Joshua M. , Baughn Anthony D. , Aldrich Courtney C.
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading source of infectious disease mortality globally. Antibiotic‐resistant strains comprise an estimated 10 % of new TB cases and present an urgent need for novel therapeutics. β‐lactam antibiotics have traditionally been ineffective against M. tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB, due to the organism's inherent expression of β‐lactamases that destroy the electrophilic β‐lactam warhead. We have developed novel β‐lactam conjugates, which exploit this inherent β‐lactamase activity to achieve selective release of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the active form of a first‐line TB drug. These conjugates are selectively active against M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria, and activity is retained or even potentiated in multiple resistant strains and models. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that both the POA “warhead” as well as the β‐lactam “promoiety” contribute to the observed activity, demonstrating a codrug strategy with important implications for future TB therapy.
Late‐Stage Functionalisation of Peptides on the Solid Phase by an Iodination‐Substitution Approach
Authors: Werner Marius , Pampel Julius , Pham Truc Lam , Thomas Franziska
Published: June 2022

The functionalisation of peptides at a late synthesis stage holds great potential, for example, for the synthesis of peptide pharmaceuticals, fluorescent biosensors or peptidomimetics. Here we describe an on‐resin iodination‐substitution reaction sequence on homoserine that is also suitable for peptide modification in a combinatorial format. The reaction sequence is accessible to a wide range of sulfur nucleophiles with various functional groups including boronic acids, hydroxy groups or aromatic amines. In this way, methionine‐like thioethers or thioesters and thiosulfonates are accessible. Next to sulfur nucleophiles, selenols, pyridines and carboxylic acids were successfully used as nucleophiles, whereas phenols did not react. The late‐stage iodination‐substitution approach is not only applicable to short peptides but also to the more complex 34‐amino‐acid WW domains. We applied this strategy to introduce 7‐mercapto‐4‐methylcoumarin into a switchable ZnIIresponsive WW domain to design an iFRET‐based ZnIIsensor.
Development of a workflow process mapping protocol to inform the implementation of regional patient navigation programs in breast oncology
Authors: Casanova Nicole L. , LeClair Amy M. , Xiao Victoria , Mullikin Katelyn R. , Lemon Stephenie C. , Freund Karen M. , Haas Jennifer S. , Freedman Rachel A. , Battaglia Tracy A. ,   the Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) Consortium
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Implementing city‐wide patient navigation processes that support patients across the continuum of cancer care is impeded by a lack of standardized tools to integrate workflows and reduce gaps in care. The authors present an actionable workflow process mapping protocol for navigation process planning and improvement based on methods developed for the Translating Research Into Practice study.

METHODS

Key stakeholders at each study site were identified through existing community partnerships, and data on each site's navigation processes were collected using mixed methods through a series of team meetings. The authors used Health Quality Ontario's Quality Improvement Guide, service design principles, and key stakeholder input to map the collected data onto a template structured according to the case‐management model.

RESULTS

Data collection and process mapping exercises resulted in a 10‐step protocol that includes: 1) workflow mapping procedures to guide data collection on the series of activities performed by health care personnel that comprise a patient's navigation experience, 2) a site survey to assess program characteristics, 3) a semistructured interview guide to assess care coordination workflows, 4) a site‐level swim lane workflow process mapping template, and 5) a regional high‐level process mapping template to aggregate data from multiple site‐level process maps.

CONCLUSIONS

This iterative, participatory approach to data collection and process mapping can be used by improvement teams to streamline care coordination, ultimately improving the design and delivery of an evidence‐based navigation model that spans multiple treatment modalities and multiple health systems in a metropolitan area. This protocol is presented as an actionable toolkit so the work may be replicated to support other quality‐improvement initiatives and efforts to design truly patient‐centered breast cancer treatment experiences.

LAY SUMMARY

Evidence‐based patient navigation in breast cancer care requires the integration of services through each phase of cancer treatment.

The Translating Research Into Practice study aims to implement patient navigation for patients with breast cancer who are at risk for delays and are seeking care across 6 health systems in Boston, Massachusetts.

The authors designed a 10‐step protocol outlining procedures and tools that support a systematic assessment for health systems that want to implement breast cancer patient navigation services for patients who are at risk for treatment delays.
What makes for successful patient navigation implementation in cancer prevention and screening programs using an evaluation and sustainability framework
Authors: Dwyer Andrea J. , Staples Elsa S. , Harty Nicole M. , LeGrice Kirsten E. , Pray Shannon L. H. , Risendal Betsy C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Integrating patient navigation into cancer prevention and early detection efforts has been effective in increasing cancer screening rates for the medically underserved. Few publications have focused on how cancer screening interventions in the primary care setting using patient navigation as a primary strategy are implemented, adapted, and sustained. In 2006, the University of Colorado Cancer Center established a statewide colorectal cancer screening program to reduce disparities and improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for the medically underserved in partnership with the safety net system. The program, known as the Colorado Cancer Screening Program (CCSP), has provided navigation into preventive screening for more than 35,000 patients.

Methods

To evaluate sustainability and implementation, the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model was used to examine the implementation and impact. To complement this model, the CCSP adapted the Program Sustainability Framework and Clinical Sustainability Framework and Assessment Tools to measure the capacity of participating clinics to sustain the program beyond grant funding.

Results

The domains most frequently targeted for improvement in the sustainability plans were Workflow Integration (8 clinics), Communication, Planning, and Implementation (8 clinics), and Funding Stability (5 clinics). Activities in the implementation plans included revising workflows for efficiencies, incorporating quality improvement strategies, and building a business case for patient navigation.

Conclusions

Findings from this sustainability planning process provide insight about program outcomes, satisfaction, and illustrate that although funding remains one of the key sustainability questions, many clinic systems have prioritized other specific domains to continue sustainability beyond grant funding.
The American Cancer Society and patient navigation: Past and future perspectives
Authors: Knudsen Karen E. , Wiatrek Dawn E. , Greenwald Jennifer , McComb Kristie , Sharpe Katherine
Published: June 2022

Over the past 30 years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has played a key role in shaping the field of patient navigation as a means to address cancer disparities. Through collaborations with organizations like the National Navigation Roundtable and the ACS Cancer Action Network, the ACS is uniquely positioned to help develop sustainable navigation models that directly address disparities in access to quality cancer care. As health systems continue to adapt and change in response to various factors, including an aging population and rapid advances in screening and treatment, it is important to evaluate existing navigation‐delivery models and promote those that are sustainable while maximizing reach and impact and providing the greatest return on investment (ROI). In this report, the term ROI is used to describe the potential financial gain resulting from the navigation service (ROI = net gains/total program cost). Calculating net gains requires assigning a monetary value to key outcomes and subtracting this amount from the total program cost. ROI is a measure often used by health care executives to show the savings or financial benefit from a program or service. Other measures of financial impact exist that may be of greater or lesser value to program leadership, including cost effectiveness (if financial information for outcomes is not available) and cost‐benefit analysis. Here, the current and future commitment of the ACS to advancing the field of patient navigation is outlined as an organizational priority and a key building block in their health equity strategy. By working with partners like the National Navigation Roundtable, the ACS can help guide efforts to evaluate these approaches, with the goal of identifying the most effective and potentially sustainable models of delivery while also increasing equitable access to care.