bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Rural Youth Participation in Community Development Projects in Turkana South Sub-County: An Approach to Community Development and Sustainable Development
Authors: Ochieng Otieno Evans , Onyango Maria Adhiambo , Kinaro Zachary Omambia
Published: November 2020

The integration of local and international cultures enhances people’s ability to adapt to external influences of sustainable aid and sustainable development programs and processes. The study was conducted in Turkana, where government intervention on projects was made with deliberate efforts to implement inclusive development projects. Traditionally Turkana society has well-defined gender roles that appear to contradict inclusive and participatory approaches determined by government projects and interventions. The study sought to establish a legitimate influence on youth participation and to assess the impact of cultural norms on youth participation in community projects. The study used a descriptive design and targeted 47,359 young people. The study used Krejecie and Morgan’s table and an equally divided sample procedure to obtain a sample of 381 respondents in the study. Research has shown that educated youth will speak well and seek citizenship, and show that the standard of formal education is negatively correlated (-0251) with youth participation in project planning and community development projects (-0.094) respectively, barriers to youth participation in project planning are not limited to learning and training. Therefore political, institutional, financial and technical factors played out in determining whose voice is heard and which decisions are acceptable. There was an inconsistent balance (-0.109) between gender roles and participation in community project planning meetings and gender issues consideration in community projects, respectively. A negative correlation (-0.14) between age and meeting planning has been revealed which means that the patriarchal values ​​system in rural areas favours gender roles and traditional cultural practices ​​that oppose the development, advancement and participation of women in community development.
Nauji vaistai tuberkuliozei gydyti
Authors: Musteikienė Greta
Published: November 2020

Nors naujų tuberkuliozės atvejų Lietuvoje kasmet mažėja, atsparios vaistams tuberkuliozės atvejų skaičius išlieka nepriimtinai didelis. Pastaraisiais metais daugeliui vaistų atsparios tuberkuliozės vaistų sąrašas pasipildė naujais vaistais, kurie ir yra apžvelgiami šiame straipsnyje.
Nauji įrodymai LOPL paūmėjimų prevencijai
Authors: Nutautienė Rūta
Published: November 2020

Lėtinė obstrukcinė plaučių liga (LOPL) – progresuojanti kvėpavimo takų liga, sutrikdanti jų pralaidumą ir dujų apykaitą plaučiuose bei audiniuose. Ligos paūmėjimai sparčiau blogina plaučių funkciją [1-3], gyvenimo kokybę [4], lemia dažnesnį hospitalizavimą dėl ligos [5] ir didina mirtingumą [6]. LOPL paūmėjimai sukelia didelę ekonominę naštą [7], todėl pastarųjų profilaktika yra vienas svarbiausių LOPL gydymo tikslų [8]. Iki šiol skirtingų klasių bronchų plečiamųjų vaistų derinio vieta LOPL paūmėjimų prevencijoje nebuvo aiški, nors nauda simptomų varginamiems, bet mažą LOPL paūmėjimų riziką turintiems pacientams jau buvo įrodyta. Prestižiniame NEJM žurnale paskelbtoje FLAME tyrimo publikacijoje pateikiami nauji palyginamieji duomenys skaitytojui įgalina palyginti šiuo metu LOPL gydymo gairėse sunkia ir labai sunkia liga sergantiems ir paūmėjimų riziką turintiems pacientams rekomenduojamo pirmaeilio gydymo IGK/IVBA deriniu ir alternatyvaus gydymo IVBA/IVMB deriniu efektyvumą. Tyrimo rezultatais autoriai pagrindė indakaterolio/glikopironio derinio pranašumą mažinant LOPL paūmėjimų dažnį riziką turinčioje populiacijoje. Tad FLAME tyrimas yra naujas žingsnis formuojant požiūrį į sergančiųjų LOPL gydymą bei paūmėjimų profilaktiką.
A New Approach To The Work Of Muhammad Aminkhoja Muqimi (1850-1903)
Authors:   Doctor Of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Tashkent State University Of Uzbek Language And Literature Named After Alisher Navoi, Uzbekistan, Pardaev Kuldosh
Published: November 2020

When comparing the text of the works of the enlightened artist Muhammad Aminkhoja Muqimi, who lived and worked in the literary environment of Kokand in the late XIX - early XX centuries, it became clear that the text of most poems does not correspond to the original. Because of the demands of the Soviet ideology, the poet's poems on religious and mystical themes were edited and shortened. Strong socially critical bytes and paragraphs in the text of the comic works were also omitted. As a result, the edited works were misinterpreted. Muqimi's works left in manuscript sources are important in the study of the poet's worldview, his attitude to social reality, his literary and aesthetic world.
Problems And Errors Of Video Editing Beginners
Authors:   Lecturer, Department Of Sound Directing And Cinematography,Uzbek State Institute Of Arts And Culture, Uzbekistan, Talabbaev Rustam Ergashalievich
Published: November 2020

This article is a huge problem for the sound director - it is about non-linear video editing. It also discusses the types and methods of teaching nonlinear editing. Therefore, this article will help users who have the necessary information about the non-linear video editing audio process
The Role Of Baihua In Chinese Linguistics
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khasanova Feruza
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the situation in Chinese linguistics before the founding of the Republic of China, the status of the Baihua language, the “may 4 movement” for the Baihua language and its consequences. As a result of the widespread introduction of the Baihua language, which served as an important factor in the formation of the modern Chinese language, a number of reforms were carried out in Chinese linguistics. The relevance of each reform gained practical significance.
How ubiquitous is the direct-gaze advantage? Evidence for an averted-gaze advantage in a gaze-discrimination task
Authors: Riechelmann Eva , Gamer Matthias , Böckler Anne , Huestegge Lynn
Published: November 2020

Human eye gaze conveys an enormous amount of socially relevant information, and the rapid assessment of gaze direction is of particular relevance in order to adapt behavior accordingly. Specifically, previous research demonstrated evidence for an advantage of processing direct (vs. averted) gaze. The present study examined discrimination performance for gaze direction (direct vs. averted) under controlled presentation conditions: Using a backward-masking gaze-discrimination task, photographs of faces with direct and averted gaze were briefly presented, followed by a mask stimulus. Additionally, effects of facial context on gaze discrimination were assessed by either presenting gaze direction in isolation (i.e., by only showing the eye region) or in the context of an upright or inverted face. Across three experiments, we consistently observed a facial context effect with highest discrimination performance for faces presented in upright position, lower performance for inverted faces, and lowest performance for eyes presented in isolation. Additionally, averted gaze was generally responded to faster and with higher accuracy than direct gaze, indicating an averted-gaze advantage. Overall, the results suggest that direct gaze is not generally associated with processing advantages, thereby highlighting the important role of presentation conditions and task demands in gaze perception.
PENERAPAN BUDAYA KESELAMATAN PASIEN OLEH TENAGA KESEHATAN
Authors: Siagian Ernawaty
Published: November 2020

Budaya Keselamatan pasien merupakan hal yang mendasar di dalam pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Perawat bertanggung jawab memberikan pelayanan kesehatan dan keselamatan pasien yang maksimal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan budaya keselamatan pasien pada perawat di Rumah Sakit Swasta di Bandar Lampung. Metode penelitian adalah descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional designdilakukan kepada 83 responden perawat rawat inap pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan teknik Accidental Sampling dengan menggunakan instrument Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) yang terdiri dari 12 dimensi. Pengukuran penerapan terhadap masing masing dimensi dilakukan untuk mengetahui dimensi mana yang masih perlu ditingkatkan. Data dianalisis dengan  uji statistik Mann Whitney. Hasil yang didapati dari 12 dimensi rata-rata Staff pelaksana (76,1%), kategori baik. Incharge (72,7%) kategori cukup. Head Nurse (73,4%) kategori baik. Kepala ruangan (80,8%) kategori baik. Dimensi yang masih harus ditingkatkan adalah dimensi respon tidak menghukum terhadap kesalahan staff pelaksana (45,2%), incharge (52,4%), head nurse (31,8%) dan kepala ruangan (66,7%). Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara staff pelaksan,incharge, head nurse dankepalaruangansebesar 0.000 dengannilai p >0.05.Meningkatanpenerapanbudayakeselamatanpasiendiharapkanperawatmemberikanperawatan yang komprehensif,berbasis evidence dan berpusat pada kebutuhan pasien.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA
Authors: Panjaitan Brenda Sophia
Published: November 2020

Abstract

            Elderly is the last phase in life that will experience setbacks which result in muscles weakness, degenerative disease, anxiety and depression. Elderly need support from others. Support from family is an important element to motivate the elderly, increase self-confidence, and assist the elderly inn meeting their needs and dealing with their problems. High family support will improve the quality of life of the elderly. This study aims to determine the relationship between family and quality of life of the elderly. The research was conducted using descriptive analysis method. Research respondent totalled 32 elderly men and women who were 60 years old or more and able to communicate well and were able to fill out questionnaires independently. The measuring instruments used are the WHOQOL-BREF as a quality of life questionnaire and the FSS (Family Support Scale) questionnaire for elderly people to measure family support.

Keyword : Family Support, Quality of Life, Elderly
PRESERVATION OF LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN RUSSIA: CONTOURS OF THE PROGRAM
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kibrik Andrej A.
Published: November 2020

This article proposes a draft program of preserving the linguistic diversity of Russia, as conceived from a linguist’s perspective. The process of mass extinction of languages accelerates in Russia, and the society must give indigenous language speakers and linguistic communities a chance to preserve their languages. The proposed program for the preservation of linguistic diversity is based on the fact that languages are acquired in early childhood in a spoken vernacular form, and it is this process of natural acquisition that must be supported in the fi rst place. Various linguistic situations call for different forms of support. Three necessary conditions of linguistic revitalization include key participation of local activists, administrative and monetary support, and scientifi cally grounded methodology. The feasibility of the program is provided by three considerations including the manageable number of the languages of Russia, the availability of substantial prior experience accumulated in the world, and the centralized character of the Russian state.
FUTURE SCENARIOS IN LANGUAGE POLICY OF RUSSIA: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Bitkeeva Aysa N. , Wingender Monika ,   Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
Published: November 2020

The research question of the article addresses the future of multilingualism in the polyethnic Russian Federation. The objective of the article is to systematically explore the foundations for prognostic models and methods in selected fields of language policy. We aim to develop an interdisciplinary approach to sociolinguistic prognosis on the basis of the future scenario method and, thus, to work out prognostic models and methods in language policy considering their effectiveness in regard to the language policy and planning. Sociolinguistic prognostic methods and models have been research desiderata since the development of language policy and planning. The article fills the following gaps: the lack of awareness of theoretical and practical signifi cance of language prognosis as an instrument of language policy and planning, the lack of fundamental research works on the prognostic problem due to its interdisciplinary nature, and the underdevelopment of concepts in the language scenario field. The lack of appropriate methods and models is refl ected in the hot societal debates about the language policy management. The use of prognostic models in language policy helps to develop strategies, increases the productivity of the language policy measures and supports language conflict prevention.
Unsteady Boundary Layer Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer over a Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium with Slip Effects
Authors: Rosali Haliza , Badlilshah Mohd Noor , Mohamat Johari Mohamat Aidil , Bachok Norfifah
Published: November 2020

Boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet in a porous medium has many applications in industrial processes. The effect of porosity plays a significant role in determining the behaviour of the fluid flow. Based on that, we analyzed the unsteady boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer towards a stretching sheet by considering the porosity. The velocity and thermal slip effects are taken into consideration in the present analysis. The governing non-linear partial differential equations were transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equations were solved numerically using the shooting method in Maple software. Numerical results for the dimensionless velocity profile, temperature profile, skin friction coefficients and the local Nusselt number are presented for various parameters. The effect of dimensionless material parameter, thermal slip effect and velocity slip effect on the flow field is also discussed. It is found that the skin friction coefficients decrease whereas the local Nusselt number increases with the increase in permeability parameter.
A Scoping Review of Differential Attainment in Undergraduate Medicine
Authors: Dave Subodh , Gupta Abhishek , Rishi Natasha , Gulati Radhika , Verma Shreya , Shankar Rohit , Khan Nagina , Chakravorty Indranil
Published: November 2020

Differential attainment exists in all professions and is a manifestation of systemic factors creating an unequal environment where individual careers and aspirations may be thwarted. Although this inequality which affects some groups of students unfairly, has been recognised over the last 2 decades, it remains a significant issue.

This scoping review explores the causes and contributors in relation to undergraduate medical education. Using thematic analysis, the authors present the case for tackling the disparity in education and training. There are evidence-based solutions for individuals, organisations and at a societal level. The recommendations from this review will be discussed and debated in the series of workshops, as part of the ‘Bridging the Gap’ series from the Alliance for Tackling Inequalities in Health, chaired by the British Association of Physicians of Indian origin. The output of the consensus-building workshops and thematic synthesis with the accompanying qualitative research will be presented in the final report due in 2021.
A matrix population model for the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Gulf of Paria, Venezuela
Authors: Balladares Clemente , Gonzalez María Fernanda , Rodriguez Diego
Published: November 2020

Following classical literature in herpetology, we built two five-stage life tables for the endangered hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata in the Gulf of Paria, eastern Venezuela, using data from incidental captures by industrial trawl fisheries from 1991 until 2000, artisanal fisheries effect and regional stranding from 1999 to 2017, and a local conservation project with the nesting females from 2003 to 2018. We estimated the survivorship for the managed, translocated nests, and a portion of the natural in situ nests (≈31%). We used the resultant life graph and matrices to estimate the hawksbills population status in the region and determine differences in population growth rate and elasticity between translocated and in situ nests. Eggs/hatchlings (stage 1) and small juveniles of less than three years old (stage 2), had high mortalities. We controlled stage 1 mortality by translocating nests into a hatchery. The in situ nests suffered almost 88% predation or poaching. Conversely, these non-translocated nests' emergence success was greater than that of managed nests, but overall survivorship was the lower. We propose that fecundity could begin with sub-adults (stage 4) after the 7th year with 60 cm of curved carapace length. Finite rates of increase of both populations, managed and natural, were significantly higher than 1, and that of the managed population is significantly higher than that of the natural one, meaning that both populations would grow and that the managed one would grow faster than the natural one. Then protection of stage 1 is essential to the population of hawksbills in the region, although uncertainties of survivorship of stage 2 and fecundity of stage 4 were not properly confirmed locally. Notwithstanding, elasticity analysis indicated that the population growth rate was more affected by proportional changes in sub-adults and adults' fecundity than any other life-history element.
Gross morphology of the cephalic sensory canal pores in Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt, 1898 from southern Chile (Perciformes: Nototheniidae)
Authors: Sáez Sylvia , Jaramillo Roberto , Vargas-Chacoff Luis
Published: November 2020

This study describes the cephalic sensory canal pores of the Patagonian toothfish's juvenile and adult specimens (Dissostichus eleginoides) from southern Chile. Specimens exhibited four supraorbital, eight infraorbital, and five mandibular pores, followed by six preoperculars, one coronal pore, one supratemporal pore, and four temporal pores. Juveniles exhibited circular pores in the mandibular, infraorbital, and preopercular region. The first two supraorbital pores are circular, the third is rectangular, and the fourth triangular. The coronal pore is circular with a bifurcation; the supratemporal pore is rectangular. In adults, the first mandibular canal pore is circular, and the last four are elongated. The preopercular canal pores are elongated. The two first supraorbital canal pores are circular, unlike the third and fourth, which are rectangular. The coronal pore is rectangular without bifurcation, and the supratemporal pore has a T-shape. The jaw of juveniles does not present all mandibular canal pores; in the infraorbital region, the first five pores extend as a thin canaliculus, while the adjacent pores appear as longer canaliculi in adults. The differences could be related to changes in spatial distribution during larval, juvenile, and adult stages. Adult cephalic sensory canal pores may have an important role in detecting vibratory waves allowing them to capture their prey and perceive potential predators. Our results provide information regarding the cephalic sensory canal pores of the Patagonian toothfish that may stimulate future studies of this species' mechanosensory system.
New and little-known species of Tipula Linnaeus (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Laos, with a new synonym
Authors: Zhang Bing , Ren Jinlong , Li Yan , Yang Ding
Published: November 2020

Only seven species of the genus Tipula Linnaeus were previously known to occur in Laos. Here one new species is added to the fauna of Laos, Tipula (Nippotipula) champasakensissp. nov.Tipula (unplaced) cladomera Alexander, 1936 is designated as a synonym of T. (unplaced) reposita Walker, 1848, syn. nov. A key to species of the genus Tipula from Laos is presented.
Bats used as hosts by Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Northeastern Brazil and its implications on tick-borne diseases
Authors: Novaes Roberto Leonan M. , Alves Fernanda M. , Souza Renan F. , Laurindo Rafael S. , Moratelli Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Amblyomma
Koch, 1844 is distributed worldwide, with ca. 130 species currently recognized. These ticks are vectors of pathogens to animals and humans, including the causative agent of the New World Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Species of the Amblyomma parasitize a wide range of organisms, especially medium and large terrestrial mammals. Here we report for the first time the association of Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & Oliveira, 2011, Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 and Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) as hosts for Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888. The ticks were originally identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787), in 2011. However, a later taxonomic review indicated that the species of the A. cajennense complex occurring in the Caatinga is A. sculptum. We also discuss the ecoepidemiological implications of this association.
Negative Customer Experience in Lifestyle Hotels
Authors: Santos Manoel Vitor , Brandão Amélia M. P. C.
Published: November 2020

The primary purpose of the present research is to develop a methodology which can accurately analyse online public reviews on Google using Netnography studies combined with text mining analyses. By analysing the current techniques applied to a lifestyle hotel brand in nine properties in different countries and carefully studying how negative reviews are expressed online by costumers, this study aims to create a pattern of lifestyle customer complaints. This research seeks to demonstrate patterns of consumer behaviour that are not fully satisfied with the hotel service and how it can negatively affect the brand. This study identifies the areas that five stars lifestyle hoteliers and hotel managers need to pay attention to improve services, considering online reviews on online platforms, such as social networks and other tourism sites. Today, online reviews and customer experiences have a significant impact on the choice of a hotel.
Migration of Feeding Tubes Assessed by Using an Electromagnetic Device: A Cohort Study
Authors: Bourgault Annette M. , Powers Jan , Aguirre Lillian , Hines Robert
Published: November 2020

Background

Bedside methods to verify placement of a feeding tube are not accurate for detecting placement within the gastrointestinal tract, increasing risk of pulmonary aspiration. Current guidelines recommend verifying placement every 4 hours, yet the rationale for this recommendation is unknown.

Objective

To assess spontaneous migration of small-bore feeding tubes in critically ill adults.

Methods

A prospective, repeated-measures cohort study was performed in 2 intensive care units. An electromagnetic placement device was used to assess distal feeding tube location every 24 hours for 7 days. Tube migration between zones—esophageal, gastric, and postpyloric— was considered clinically significant.

Results

Feeding tubes were analyzed in 20 patients. Interrater agreement was substantial for round 2 of a blinded analysis of insertion tracings (g = 0.78); 100% agreement was achieved after unblinding. Among 62 outcomes (migration assessments), 4 feeding tubes migrated 8 times (3 forward and 5 retrograde). All migrations occurred in the postpyloric zone and none were clinically significant. Within 24 hours of insertion, 50% of feeding tubes had migrated forward. Repeated-measures analysis showed a greater likelihood of migration in patients with an endotracheal tube (relative risk, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.14-10.53]; P = .03).

Conclusions

No tubes migrated retrograde into the stomach or esophagus, challenging the practice of verifying placement every 4 hours. Verification every 24 hours may be adequate if migration is not suspected. Also, lack of visible anatomical structures on insertion tracings from an electromagnetic placement device make subtle changes in postpyloric placement difficult to identify accurately.
Factors Associated With Home Visits in a 5-Year Study of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors
Authors: Friedman Lisa Aronson , Young Daniel L. , Nelliot Archana , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Mendez-Tellez Pedro A. , Needham Dale M. , Dinglas Victor D.
Published: November 2020

Background

Participant retention is vital for longitudinal studies. Home visits may increase retention, but little is known about the subset of patients they benefit.

Objective

To evaluate patient-related variables associated with home visits.

Methods

In a 5-year, longitudinal, multisite, prospective study of 195 survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome, in-person assessments were conducted at a research clinic. Home visits were offered to participants who could not attend the clinic. Associations between having a home visit, prior follow-up visit status, and baseline and in-hospital patient variables were evaluated with multivariable, random-intercept logistic regression models. The association between home visits and patients’ posthospital clinical status was evaluated with a subsequent regression model adjusted for these variables.

Results

Participants had a median age of 49 years and were 56% male and 58% White. The following had independent associations with home visits (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]): age (per year: 1.03 [1.00-1.05]) and immediately preceding visit incomplete (2.46 [1.44-4.19]) or at home (8.24 [4.57-14.86]). After adjustment for prior-visit status and baseline and hospitalization variables, these posthospital patient outcome variables were associated with a subsequent home visit: instrumental activities of daily living (≥ 2 vs < 2 dependencies: 2.32 [1.29-4.17]), EQ-5D utility score (per 0.1-point decrease: 1.15 [1.02-1.30]), and 6-minute walk test (per 10-percentage-point decrease in percent-predicted distance: 1.50 [1.26-1.79]).

Conclusions

Home visits were important for retaining older and more physically impaired study participants, helping reduce selection bias caused by excluding them.
Simulation and Determination of Optimal Variables for Increased Oil Recovery Potential of Surfactant Polymer Flooding
Authors: Singh Arunima , Jindal Rohan , Saxena Amit
Published: November 2020

Enhanced oil recovery methods have been largely discussed in the petroleum industry. Many new techniques are being tested to grapple the situation of high recovery with the least expenditure. As the petroleum industry is striving for it, the EOR process of surfactant polymer flooding is quickly gaining traction. However, testing new technologies directly itself is a costly affair. Our study aims at simulating and understanding the effects of surfactant flooding in subsurface conditions using a Fluent module.

The research was conducted to alleviate the inputs of the industry by providing them faster oil recovery while viably dealing with cost-effectiveness. For simulation studies, a 2-D replica of sand packed bed core {8.49 cm×3.66 cm} is created. The core is modeled for porosity and the average permeability. Physio-chemical properties of anionic natural surfactant extracted from Madhuca longifolia {Mahua} oil and PHPA {Partially Hydrolyzed polyacryl amide} polymer has been exclusively used in the simulations. Eulerian multiphase model is used for studying the volume of oil swept out of the core by introducing the water and surfactant + polymer slug. The simulation results were influenced by the control mechanism and parameters like inlet velocity of the fluids and gauge pressure, porosity and permeability of the core sample supported by appropriate boundary conditions. Taking the retarding effects of turbulence, and shear and tear caused on the rocks in the reservoir into consideration an optimum set of values for velocity and pressure are selected for maximal recovery.

The results indicate that with a small change in parameters a huge change in breakthrough point is observed. Breakthrough indicates the starting time for the production of the primary phase present within the core. On plotting an oil volume fraction v/s flow timeline chart we could observe the quantitative dependence of breakthrough time over different variables. The plots suggested that on increasing the conventional velocity 25%, an unexpected high decrease in breakthrough time is observed for the core under consideration. Moreover, a 25% rise in pressure resulted in a substantial increase in the recovery of oil in minimal time. These results show that the velocity has a more significant impact on the breakthrough total recovery of oil in minimal time. Since, the core is a smaller scale representative of a whole reservoir, the recovery of oil is expected to enhance significantly during actual flooding.

The study extends to simulating the flow in varying subsurface conditions as well as on different material reservoirs alleviating our in-depth knowledge of breakthrough behavior within different cores as well. The exhaustive study of parameters on faster breakthrough accedes with the motive of the industry of improved recovery incurring a minimum cost.
Ceramic Sand Screen Design Enhancement Lessons Learnt from Initial Field Installations of through Tubing Applications in Offshore East Malaysia to Improve Well Performance
Authors: Gundemoni Bhargava Ram , Jackson Steven Richard , Zimmermann-Ptacek Johanna , Barth Peter , Idris Khairul Nizam , Yeap Wei Jian , Catherine TangYe Lin
Published: November 2020

Formation sand production is one of the major production challenges in most of the mature fields in Malaysia. Often, failure in primary sand control equipment requires the operators to adopt through-tubing sand screens as a remedial sand control. Current remedial sand control techniques utilizing metallic through tubing sand screens experience rapid wear, forcing the operator to control sand production by beaning down wells and thereby managing sand production at surface, in worst cases wells have to be shut-in. More robust technologies replacing conventional metallic screens are required. For these applications, alternative technology with ceramic sand screens have been deployed to enable higher productivity and offer enhanced resistance against erosion.

Ceramic sand screens passed through a technical qualification process at Petronas and deployed in field applications both in oil and gas producers for through tubing interventions. To date 30 well interventions have been performed in various Petronas assets of Offshore East Malaysia with mixed results. Eight screen failures were observed with longevity ranging from 2.5 days to 15 months of production after installation. On average, ceramic sand screens greatly enhanced productivity return through longer performance than the conventional through tubing metallic screens from previous deployments. However, it was both the intent of product provider and Petronas to further improve Through Tubing Ceramic Sand Screen (TTCSS) performance based on the lessons learned from these failures.

The TTCSS failures were first presented in the paper: SPE 196479 MS published at SPE APOGCE October 2019, Bali, Indonesia which which focused on the failures of these first generation TTCSS screen designs.

This paper describes in more detail the value driven process and collaboration steps between 3M and Petronas to improve TTCSS field performance as a methodology to increase incremental field production to further increase longevity of downhole sand control in these applications. To enable this goal, a root cause analysis process entailed involving tear down investigation, hypothesis of failure characteristics, application review and investigation analysis with tools such as CFD and laboratory testing resulting in the implementation of ceramic sand screen design enhancements to improve performance in further Petronas deployments.
Innovative Analysis Approach for Installation of in Line Tee Structure in S Lay Mode
Authors: Shahyarfar Shahreyar , Kristiani Desy , Sinha Ritesh Kumar
Published: November 2020

Installation of an In-Line Tee Assembly (ILTA) in S-lay mode is a challenging task. Specifically, the ILTA stinger exit process is a susceptible operation due to the risk of overstressing the pipeline and excessive rolling of the ILTA structure. Installation in rough weather with long-period swells makes the task even more challenging as it requires an efficient and robust installation methodology to carry out the operation safely within a limited time window. This paper details the analysis techniques and installation methodology adopted to optimise the ILTA stinger exit process while reducing the associated operational risk.
Analysis of Tubing-Casing Annular Pressure in Early Production Stage in High Temperature High Pressure Wells
Authors: LI Cheng , Guan Zhichuan , Zhang Bo , Cao Lihu , Xu Zhixiong , Xie Junfeng , Liu Hongtao , Lou Erbiao , Zhang Xuesong
Published: November 2020

High annular pressure still happens in tubing-casing annulus (TCA) in early production stage in high temperature high pressure (HTHP) well may due to the thermal expansion of annulus liquid. This pressure will damage the tubing string and casing, besides, it will also have great influence on wellhead and packer. This paper develops numerical method to explain this phenomenon to provide some theoretical guidance for the risk response. Based on the theory of energy transfer in confined space, gas state equation and thetheory of elastic-plastic mechanics, a numerical model is established to calculate the annular pressure in TCA caused by thermal expansion of annulus liquid. Then a wellbore temperature prediction model is established based on the theory of heat transfer through multi-layer thick wall cylinder. By using the model, the trapped annular pressure (TAP) is the decisive parameter to determine the annular pressure. Based on a case well, the influence factors such as reservoir temperature & pressure, setting depth of packer and production rate etc. are analyzed, and the specific properties of TAP in TCA are studied. Referring to the calculation of TAP under the condition of gas-liquid coexistence inside TCA, the influence of gas existing in annulus on the TAP caused by thermal expansion is studied, so as to distinguish it from the continuous TAP caused by channeling flow. The results show that the reservoir temperature has a great influence on the tubing-casing annular pressure.Reason being, in the upward flow process of the production fluid with high temperature, it has transferred a lot of heat radially to the TCA, thus directly improving the TAP. In addition, the design and production stages should be combined to realize the analysis and control of each influencing factor, so as to mitigate the TAP. According to the calculation of the TAP under the condition of gas-liquid coexistence inside TCA, if there is gas in annulus, the TAP will be greatly reduced. Besides, if there is still continuous high pressure in TCA at this time, it means that the wellbore integrity is damaged, and there is gas channeling into TCA, resulting in the generation of continuous TAP. In the field work, the gas also can be injected into annulus to mitigate the TAP actively. This paper builds a model to explain the high annular pressure of TCA. This can help to identify the well integrity. Also, the study on the condition of gas-liquid coexistence in annulus can provides theoretical guidance for mitigating the TAP. This can help engineers get better understanding of well integrity.
Evaluation the Geological Uncertainties to Increase the Benefit of Offshore Project
Authors: Shi Hongfu , Chen Jianbo , He Yifan , Yue Baolin
Published: November 2020

The quality of oil and gas reservoirs, initial production and the recovery factor are important factors affecting the revenue of development projects. Understanding geological potential and risk is of great significance for judging the uncertainty of a project, avoiding risks, and improving project returns. Reservoir depth, sand thickness, connectivity, permeability, porosity, oil viscosity, etc. determine the quality of reservoirs. In addition, well pattern, well type (horizontal or vertical wells), well spacing, reservoir pressure, artificial lifting method, injection fluid and sand wettability play important roles in the final recovery factor. This research takes an oil field in the Bohaibay as an example, and analyzes how to make full use of seismic data, geological data, and drill stem test (DST)data to understand geological uncertainties, to tap underground potentials, and to increase the project revenue, thereby promoting project implementation.
Biocide Chemistries Used in Nitrite Inhibited Closed Loop Cooling Medium at High pH
Authors: Fisher Nicholas , Lehmann Marc , Brunt Steve , Parker Andrew , Barrett Shandelle , Gloyn Mark
Published: November 2020

Closed loop cooling medium systems are fundamental systems offshore oil and gas production facilities. Integrity or fouling issues in cooling loops have the potential to limit or jeopardise oil and gas production. Glutaraldehyde and isothiazolone biocides are reported in current literature as being effective chemistries for use in closed cooling mediums. This study showed these biocides initially display good initial effectiveness at high pH. However, the long-term bacterial control is poor due to a lack of persistency. The longer-term biocidal control of glutaraldehyde was far worse than that of isothiazolone in part due to chemical instability at high pH but also due to glutaraldehyde decomposition products presumably providing a food source for bacteria growth. This hypothesis was confirmed by adding elevated levels of bacteria to glutaraldehyde, which had been aged in a nitrite-based corrosion inhibitor solution. Results were compared with the non-traditional biocides, biguanide and 4,4-dimethyl-oxazolidine for cooling medium treated with a nitrite based corrosion inhibitor. Both biguanide and 4,4-dimethyl-oxazolidine showed significantly greater persistency compared to traditional closed loop biocides.
Unlocking Potential in a Thinly Laminated Reservoir by Integrating Electric Logs, Images and Core Analysis: First Case Study in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Pham Kim Thien , Doan Dung Thi , Nguyen The Dac , Lee Samie , Nguyen Luc Quoc , Ngo Hai Huu , Ngo Quan Anh , Khuc Giang Hong , Tran Hung Ngoc
Published: November 2020

Thin beds are capable of yielding a reasonable amount of hydrocarbon if discovered and evaluated. However, most thin beds are bypassed due to the low vertical resolution of conventional logging tools, which results in significant underestimation of hydrocarbon in the sedimentary unit. To better characterize thin beds and maximize reservoir potential in the thinly bedded reservoirs, a novel methodology has been developed that integrates resistivity images and core data with standard logs.

First, lamination and thin-bed intervals were identified with the help of borehole images and mud logs. Also, high-resolution shallow resistivity from the images was used to output a set of high-resolution logs with a log resolution enhancement technique. This set represents the true layer property and was applied in petrophysical analysis incorporating core study to yield accurate estimations of porosity, water saturation, and permeability. A saturation height function was built from special core analysis (SCAL) to provide an independent saturation estimate for calibrating the petrophysical model. The Thomas-Stieber method, a well-known method for detecting and quantifying laminated sand-shale, was also referenced.

This methodology was applied in the evaluation of five gas wells producing from the same formation. The key well with images, core, and electric logs was used to build the petrophysical and saturation height models. The results show good agreement in estimation of water saturation between independent techniques in the key well and hence demonstrate the value of this technique. The model was propagated to other wells in the same field, and this again showed the validity of the methodology with good agreement in the result between different techniques. The success of the study demonstrates how an integrated thin-bed evaluation model can provide a more definitive representation of thinly bedded sands in terms of their volumes in net sand, sand porosity, and hydrocarbon in place. The methodology yielded considerable improved estimation of hydrocarbons in place compared to the evaluation using only standard resolution measurements. In the thin-bed intervals in the target reservoir, the net thickness increases more than 50% in comparison to the estimation with standard logs.

The improvement in formation evaluation in thin-bed reservoirs resulting from this methodology provides a comprehensive picture of the field reserve that not only helps in the new production plan as input into static and dynamic reservoir models but also leads to effective strategies in field development and management.
A Discussion on Wet-Gas Meter Performance Under Field Conditions
Authors: Chinello Gabriele , Pinguet Bruno G.
Published: November 2020

Venturi tubes are one of the most common types of flow measurement devices used worldwide for wet-gas conditions as they are simple, well-established technology, robust, and cost-effective flowmeters. They also form the main component in most of the commercial multiphase flowmeters.

An extensive research effort has been spent over the past 60 years to develop robust correlations for the use of Venturi flowmeters to correct the over-reading due to the unexpected or not the presence of liquid in the gas phase; this led to the writing of the ISO 2012. The uncertainty quoted for using this correlation is claimed to be between ±2.5% to ±3% and was based on extremely low uncertainties input parameters; in other words, the correlation was developed using data from flow laboratories with well-characterized fluids. However, in the field conditions, the input parameters uncertainty, which contributes to overall gas and liquid flow rate measurements, could be substantially higher.

When using Venturi flowmeters for wet-gas flows and looking at the actual performance based on the uncertainty of all input parameters, the uncertainties quoted are often from testing in flow measurement facilities with well-defined fluid properties, and they are always at line conditions or without any additional fluid properties uncertainties, however, in the field, the uncertainties from the meters can be substantially different and much higher.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight this statement to compensate for well-defined over/under-readings, and not forgetting that the uncertainty of the input parameters must be considered to state the correct performance. This is often overlooked.

Furthermore, the uncertainty from the correlation equations is used as the total uncertainty on the wet-gas flowmeter performance, but this over-simplifies other significant uncertainty contributions and can result in considerable measurement discrepancies. These discrepancies can critically affect the allocation and lead to potential disputes between different production platforms or more critical in custody transfer applications.

Wet-gas business is growing around the world, particularly in the Asia Pacific and the Middle East, where many installations are using such Venturi equipment and proper performance, or uncertainties should be stated. This paper will provide practical information and recommendations about meter performance.
Deep Shear Wave Imaging Helps Making Sidetrack Decisions in Fracture-Cave Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Xiao Chengwen , Xin Yi , Duan Wenxing , Zhang Chengsen , Zeng Xianlei , Han Dongchun
Published: November 2020

The development of a vuggy carbonate reservoir is very challenging because of low porosity and permeability in the matrix. Natural fractures and caves play a dominate role in this kind of reservoir. Production of these reservoirs highly depend on whither fracture-cave cubes are successfully targeted. Consequently, it is very important to determine the entire picture of the natural fracture-cave systems near to and away from the borehole.

The traditional ways to evaluate fractures or caves in acoustic logging are Stoneley permeability, azimuthal shear-wave anisotropy analysis, along with resistivity image logging. However, the depth of investigation of all these methods is limited from less than one inch to a few feet from the borehole wall. Deep shear wave imaging is a new way to image the reflectors offside the borehole. This imaging technique uses the shear body wave that is reflected back to the borehole by the acoustic impendence differences caused by planar features (such as fractures and caves) in the formation. After suppression of the direct wave mode and migration of the reflected wave, it gives a picture of the fracture system around the borehole. In addition, it has a much deeper depth of investigation, which depends on the shear slowness and attenuation of the formation. Normally, in carbonate formations with shear slowness at 80 ft/us, deep shear wave imaging manages to see reflectors as far as 100 ft from the borehole. Compared to methods using monopole wave to imaging reflectors, deep shear-wave imaging has another important feature. Because it is using cross-dipole waveforms, which is azimuthally sensitive, therefore, the deep shear wave imaging can provide the azimuthal of the fractures—usually very important information for penetration and stimulation of the formation, also the possible locations of the reflectors are defined to help making sidetrack drilling decisions.

This paper describes a case study of deep shear-wave imaging application in a vuggy carbonate reservoir in Tarim basin. Conventional pertrophsical interpretation does not show good signatures in the borehole. Deep shear-wave imaging analysis shows two major reflectors away from the borehole. Combining seismic attributes and inversion analysis, the caves offside the borehole are located, helping the operator to make sidetrack decision. The sidetrack is successfully drilled into the cave. The value of deep shear-wave imaging is to provide a further insight of the natural fracture and cave system around the borehole, which cannot be achieved by conventional petrophysical methods.
A New Method of Bit Selection using Drill Bit Images
Authors: Manuel Yasshene ann , Momeni Mohammadsadegh , Hamdi Zakaria , Zivar Davood
Published: November 2020

Research on bit selection in rotary drilling work and its relationship with different geological, operational parameters and bit type demands an improved procedure to select the best bit. Most researchers and studies done currently have failed to account for the bit shape and type among other features which have significance in bit selection and ROP prediction. Thus, this thesis demonstrates a pathway where bits can be easily photographed and have its features extracted in numerical form for the ROP prediction. Several objectives were put forth including extracting drill bit features from 18 different bit images, each with a unique IADC bit code in combination with drilling parameters from previous bit records to effectively create a model to predict the ROP in order to create a new method for bit selection. After pre-processing the images, 13 unique features were selected; area, perimeter, major and minor axis length, eccentricity, equivalent diameter, convex area, orientation, contrast, homogeneity and energy which were compressed into two principal components in order to simplify the prediction stage. Using the multiple linear regression, ROP was predicted with R2 and MSE of 0.47and 3.325 respectively. Using ANN showed a large improvement in R2 and MSE values where the values were 0.08579 and 0.9347 respectively. The last method was using PSO to train the ANN for a better ROP prediction. Better R2 and MSE combinations were evident giving values of 0.9434 and 0.03918 respectively where the input data consisted of both drilling parameters and bit image features.