bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the Development of Memory in Older Preschoolers - Representatives of the Digital Generation
Authors: Shalaginova K.S. , Dekina E.V.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the problem of memory development in older preschoolers – representatives of the digital generation. The article contains a description of the experience of the implementation of experimental work to identify the features, technologies and psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of memory in children 5-6 years old. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the memory features of preschoolers, in which 23 children of preschool institutions of the city of Tula and the Tula region took part. The essence of the research problem is to holistically present the essence of the ongoing changes in the development of the memory of a modern preschooler and to find new landmarks in its development, which occur in the context of digitalization. The purpose of the article is a psychological and pedagogical analysis of the memory features of older preschoolers of the digital generation and the manifestations of these features in the teaching and upbringing of preschoolers. To achieve the goal of the research, the following psychological tools were used: the method "Recognize the figure", "10 words", "Pictograms" L.V. Zankov, D. Veksler's method, A.N. Leontyev. The selected features are considered by the authors in the context of solving the problems of the cognitive development of children. The article describes a program for the development of the memory of older preschoolers, aimed at stimulating the conscious reproduction of the child's experience in play, productive and speech activity; the inclusion of mnemonic actions in the purposeful objective, cognitive and play activities of the child. The program proposed by the authors has been tested on the basis of preschool educational organizations and can be used in the work of a kindergarten psychologist, educator, head of the circle. The empirical data obtained in the study confirm the advisability of taking into account the peculiarities of memory development when planning developmental work with preschool children – representatives of the digital generation.
Experience of endoscopic transcapsular axillary nerve decompression: а series of clinical cases
Authors: Belyak Evgeniy A. , Paskhin Dmitry L. , Lazko Fedor L. , Asratyan Sarkis A. , Prizov Aleksey P. , Smirnov Daniil S. , Lazko Maxim F.
Published: December 2022

Background: Posttraumatic axillary nerve neuropathy is a widely spread pathology, more often seen after a shoulder joint trauma. It can also appear as a complication after orthopedic surgeries, for example, after the Latarjet procedure for shoulder stabilization. The technique of open axillary nerve decompression is very popular but has a number of disadvantages: a large trauma of soft tissue, severe bleeding, a high rate of complications, and also a poor cosmetic effect. The endoscopic surgical technique of decompression is an effective and less traumatic alternative to open procedures.
Clinical case description: We present the results of endoscopic transcapsular axillary nerve decompression in 5 patients with a clinical picture of neuropathic pain syndrome, hypoesthesia in the deltoid area, hypotrophy of the deltoid muscle, who were operated from 2018 to 2021. The mean age of patients was 44.414.9. An original surgical technique of decompression was developed and applied to all the patients which included arthroscopy of the shoulder joint with diagnostic and treatment components and transcapsular endoscopic axillary nerve decompression in the beach-chair position. The statistical analysis was performed using the MannWhitney U test. According to the VAS-scale, the severity of pain syndrome before the surgery was 64.6 points, while 6 months after the surgery it decreased to 1.40.5 points (p 0.05). According to the DASH scale, the function of the shoulder joint before the surgery was 77.66.9 points, and 6 months after surgery it increased to 125.2 points (p 0.05). According to the BMRC scale (M0M5), the strength of the deltoid muscle before the surgery was 20.4 points, and after the surgery it increased to 4.40.5 points (p 0.05). The range of motion in the shoulder joint was as follows: before the surgery flexion 10745.6, extension 10249, external rotation 2213.6; 6 months after the surgery flexion 15425.6, extension 15622.4, external rotation 508 (p 0.05). The thickness of the middle portion of the deltoid muscle according to the US was 7.21.04 mm before the surgery, 11.81.44 mm after the surgery (p 0.05). All the patients (100%) at a long-term follow-up noticed complete relief of pain and regression of the neurological symptoms.
Conclusion: The achieved results allow us to characterize the method of endoscopic transcapsular decompression as a reproducible, minimally invasive and highly effective technique, providing pain relief to patients, curing neurological and intraarticular pathology, thus promoting early restoration of the upper limb function in the treated group of patients.
Ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of brain tumors
Authors: Nikolaev Alexandr A. , Belopasov Vladimir V.
Published: December 2022

The field of research on ferroptosis has seen an explosive growth in the past few years since the term was coined in 2012. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on the developmental mechanism of this unique mode of cell death, induced by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, which is regulated by a variety of cellular metabolic events, including redox homeostasis. The xCT system, an amino acid antiporter that supports the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and oxidation protection, is among these factors. The risk of iron accumulation in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells and the development of oxidative stress are discussed. Ferroptosis triggers a cascade of events including activation of inflammation, oxidation of neurotransmitters, impaired neuronal communication, myelin sheath degeneration, astrocyte dysregulation, dementia, and cell death. On the other hand, the exceptional vulnerability of cancer cells originating from the nervous tissue to ferroptosis is estimated. The evidence is given for the initiation of ferroptosis in tumor cells as a factor inhibiting the growth and promoting the death of these cells. Particular attention is paid to the pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis through its induction and inhibition for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers. The choice of targets for the induction of ferroptosis in cancer cells is discussed. Glutathione peroxidase 4 and xCT amino acid antiporter are recognized as the most preferred targets and the antitumor potential of their inhibition and side effects are evaluated.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic inflammation (CLIPPERS syndrome)
Authors: Fomina Lyubov E. , Kieva Irina N. , Anikin Anatoly V. , Nudnov Nikolay V. , Abdullaeva Luizat M.
Published: December 2022

Background: Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with perivascular contrast enhancement in the pons responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a rare and relatively new pathology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly important in its diagnosis.
Clinical case description: The analysis of the MRI results revealed typical changes characteristic of CLIPPERS, such as contrast-positive small-point and curvilinear lesions of the pons, medulla oblongata and midbrain, as well as of the cerebral peduncles and cerebellum. In addition to the changes we described, according to the literature, lesions of the white matter of the large hemispheres and thalami may also be observed in the syndrome of chronic lymphocytic inflammation.
Conclusion: MRI not only enables one to achieve high-quality neuroimaging of CLIPPERS, but also allows avoiding invasive, traumatic diagnostic methods.
Del recuerdo a la acción
Authors: López-Ganet Tiffany
Published: December 2022

Este artículo muestra las posibilidades metodológicas de la autobiografía en la investigación artográfica. Además de mi triple identidad como artista, investigadora y docente, este trabajo se centra en mi realidad como mujer negra en un contexto mayoritariamente blanco como es Galicia. A través de una introspección personal, creo una metodología protagonizada por recuerdos que conectan mi autopercepción con un discurso común y colectivo que pone lo afro en el centro. Extrapolando esta experiencia se obtienen estrategias artísticas educativas para trabajar con el alumnado el autoconocimiento, el respeto y la no discriminación. Un trabajo pedagógico y artístico con perspectiva decolonial, antirracista, afrofeminista y disidente en Educación Artística que transcurre en diferentes países del mundo como España, Canadá, India y Guinea Ecuatorial.
Pois há ainda galegos? A figura do galego no teatro breve português dos séculos XVII e XVIII
Authors: Fresta Marques Andresa , Nunes Ariadne
Published: December 2022

Um dos motivos para o sucesso do teatro breve português dos séculos XVII e XVIII deve-se ao recurso a figuras-tipo, que caricaturam grupos profissionais ou com características distintivas como a nacionalidade. Os galegos são um destes grupos, a quem é conferida uma unidade própria, o que se justificará tendo em conta, designadamente, não só a proximidade geográfica, como também as relações económicas e fluxos migratórios entre os dois territórios. Neste artigo, analisaremos um corpus de entremezes portugueses, nos quais a figura do galego está presente. A partir deste estudo, delimitaremos o modo como estas figuras eram retratadas e apresentadas no teatro breve português da época.
A holistic model for melt electrowritten threedimensional structured materials based on residual charge
Authors: Cao Kai , Zhang Fucheng , Zaeri Ahmadreza , Zgeib Ralf , Chang Robert C.
Published: December 2022

The printing accuracy of polymer melt electrowriting is adversely affected by the residual charge entrapped within the fibers, especially for three-dimensional (3D) structured materials or multilayered scaffolds with small interfiber distances. To clarify this effect, an analytical charge-based model is proposed herein. The electric potential energy of the jet segment is calculated considering the amount and distribution of the residual charge in the jet segment and the deposited fibers. As the jet deposition proceeds, the energy surface assumes different patterns, which constitute different modes of evolution. The manner in which the various identified parameters affect the mode of evolution are represented by three charge effects, including the global, local, and polarization effect. Based on these representations, typical modes of energy surface evolution are identified. Moreover, the lateral characteristic curve and characteristic surface are advanced to analyze the complex interplay between fiber morphologies and residual charge. Different parameters contribute to this interplay either by affecting residual charge, fiber morphologies, or the three charge effects. To validate this model, the effects of lateral location and grid number (i.e., number of fibers printed in each direction) on the fiber morphologies are investigated. Moreover, the “fiber bridging” phenomenon in parallel fiber printing is successfully explained. These results help to comprehensively understand the complex interplay between the fiber morphologies and the residual charge, thus furnishing a systematic workflow to improve printing accuracy.
A novel photocurable pullulan-based bioink for digital light processing 3D printing
Authors: Feng Zhaoxuan , Li Jinsong , Zhou Dasen , Song Hui , Lv Jiaqi , Bai Wenqin
Published: December 2022

Digital light processing has significant advantages, such as high repeatability, low failure rate, and no extrusion shear force. To make it possible to print complex structures with high resolution, the consecutive development of photocurable ink materials is indispensable. In this work, photo-functionalized pullulan (Pul-NB) was prepared by introducing norbornene groups into pullulan chains, and an ink material suitable for photocurable printing was prepared by thiol-ene click reaction. The rheology, water absorption, and mechanical properties of the Pul-NB precursor solution and photocurable hydrogel were investigated. The optimal composition of Pul-NB ink for three-dimensional (3D) printing was obtained by adjusting the degree of substitution, Pul-NB concentration, and thiol crosslinking agent. This novel bioink for digital light processing 3D printing showed good printability and high shape fidelity. This ink material provides an excellent alternative for printing biomimetic soft tissue organs, high-throughput tissue models, soft robots, etc.
Differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and lung damage in respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19
Authors: Strelkova D. A. , Irgiskin A. A. , Rachina S. A.
Published: December 2022

With the development of the coronavirus pandemic and its decline, bacterial pathogens will again play a significant role in the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Numerous studies have already examined clinical, laboratory, and instrumental indicators that allow differential diagnosis between viral infection and bacterial pneumonia. The role of conventional (e.g., C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, leukocytes) and novel laboratory markers (e.g., MxA1 protein, progranulin, copeptin) was revealed. Differences in lung CT and ultrasound findings were noted. The aim of this publication is to present data on the differential diagnosis between pulmonary involvement in viral infections, including COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019), and bacterial CAP. Conclusion. Despite numerous studies, distinguishing bacterial CAP from viral lung injury, including that associated with COVID-19 infection, without microbiologic testing is a challenging task that requires a combined assessment of clinical data, laboratory data, and modern imaging studies. Obviously, express testing will be of particular interest in this case.
The Effect of Pineapple Addition at Different Rates to Sheep Yoghurt on Antioxidant Activity, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Content, and ABT-2 Probiotic Culture Growth
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Murat Emre , YILDIZ KÜÇÜK Neslihan , BAKIRCI İhsan
Published: December 2022

In the present study, the effect of adding pineapple at different rates to sheep yoghurt produced using ABT-2 culture on antioxidant activity, total phenolic compound amount, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content was investigated. In addition, the effect of pineapple addition at different rates and storage periods on physicochemical analyses (total solids, fat, protein, ash, viscosity, pH, and titratable acidity values), growth of ABT-2 probiotic cultures (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus), and sensory evaluation in the experimental sheep yoghurt samples were examined. It was determined that the addition of pineapple to sheep yoghurt samples produced with ABT-2 probiotic culture had a very significant effect (p
Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance of Carbon Nanocoils by Using Mixed Ferrites as Catalyst
Authors: MOHD IDRIS Fadzıdah , KACO Hatika , MOHD Siti Munirah , MOHAMAD JAN Nurhidaya , MOHD MUSTAPHA Haslinawati , MOHD IDRİS Zanariah
Published: December 2022

Rapid development of electronic devices and advanced technology creates more electromagnetic wave interference that is harmful to human health as well as equipment. Thus, the use of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber becomes more focused among researchers and attracted more public attention. Carbon nanocoils (CNs) have been introduced due to its chemical, physical and mechanical properties that can produce lightweight, wide absorption range and strong absorption. This research highlights the use of mixed ferrites (Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4) as catalyst to grow carbon nanocoils. Different weight percentages of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 were mixed to grow carbon nanocoils and further used as fillers to be incorporated into epoxy matrix. The morphological study of synthesized carbon nanocoils and reflection loss of the prepared polymer composites were studied in the range of X-band and Ku-band at thickness 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. The reflection loss achieved shows that mixed ferrites as catalyst to grow carbon nanocoils have great potential to be used as an excellent EM wave absorbers at low thickness.
Anthropometric measures in Bangladeshi schoolchildren to determine body composition and nutritional status: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Rahman Sharmin , Khan Mohammad Adnan , Anam M. Rifat , Nahar Yesmin , Ara Shamim
Published: December 2022

Background: The development of improved health and nutrition in adulthood is significantly influenced by early nutrition. It is, however, almost ever investigated how to determine the nutritional condition of Bangladeshi children using anthropometric measurements including height, weight, biepicondylar width of the humerus and femur, BMI, and BSA.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 government elementary school students aged between 9 and 12 years in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS.Results: For the B1 and B2 groups, heights ranged from 124.00 to 151.00 cm and 129.00 to 157.00 cm, respectively. Height ranges for the C1 and C2 groups were respectively 129.50-153.00 cm and 129.00-160.00 cm. The B2 study group had a greater weight than the B1 study group (p<0.001), where C2 was heavier than the C1 research group (p<0.001). The A1 study group's biepicondylar width of the humerus was greater than the A2 study group's (p<0.05) and biepicondylar humerus width was greater in the B2 study group compared to the B1 study group (p<0.05). On the other hand, the B1 study group's biepicondylar femur width was higher than the B2 study group (p<0.05). The B2 group's body surface area was larger than the B1 study group's (p<0.001) and body surface area of C2 group was greater than C1 study group (p<0.001).Conclusions: Analyses of body composition and anthropometric measurements suggest that children and adolescents' nutritional status was below the reference requirement, according to the results of the current study.
Prevalence and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Bangladesh: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Islam M. Sahidul , Hossain Sharmin , Hussain Qazi Muhammad Iqbal , Banning Friederike , Lechner Andreas
Published: December 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in Southeast Asia and diabetic retinopathy is one of its most debilitating complications. Nevertheless, fundoscopy and systematic evaluation of non-adherence to drug therapy are not regularly done in individuals with diabetes in Bangladesh due to limited resources. Therefore, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its determinants with non-adherence to drug therapy are not known. We, therefore, screened for diabetic retinopathy, non-adherence to drug therapy and other associated factors at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.Methods: Between May 2017 to September 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 489 systematically recruited asymptomatic, at least one-year type-2 diabetic individuals on medication and attending the outpatient department of the BIHS tertiary care centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We obtained a medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory tests, questionnaires, and fundus photography.Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among T2DM patients was 18.8%. Clinical factors associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy were uncontrolled fasting blood glucose, known duration of diabetes of ≥10 years and self-reported non-adherence to drug therapy. With a known duration of diabetes of 15 years or more, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy rose to 40%.Conclusions: Undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy is still common among patients in Bangladesh, even at tertiary care centres. It is associated with longer disease duration, poor metabolic control and self-reported non-adherence to therapy. Regular screening for diabetic retinopathy should therefore be implemented also in resource-limited settings and further efforts should be made to improve the patients’ drug adherence and metabolic control.
Children’s food habits, consumption, and food safety of popular snacks in school environment in Indonesia
Authors: Khomsan Ali , Anwar Faisal , Riyadi Hadi , Navratilova Hana F.
Published: December 2022

Background: School age is a period of children's growth and development into adolescence. Therefore, an adequate intake of nutrients and food that is safe to consume is essential. The food safety level of school snacks is still poor. Good snacking habits can contribute enough energy and protein to children. Conversely, improper and unhealthy snacking habits can have negative impacts on children.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six selected public elementary schools from January 2018 until April 2019. The study involved selecting a sample using the purposive sampling method. The total samples from six schools were 214 students.Results: The study found a significant difference between eating frequency of school children in urban and rural areas (p<0.05). Regarding snacking habits, most students in urban (61.0%) and rural (76.2%) had snacks 4-6 times per week. Snack’s contribution to daily energy and protein intake in rural was 21.7% for energy and 18.1% for protein, while in rural, 31.6% for energy and 24.1% for protein. The results of the microbiological contamination analysis of popular snacks from all of the schools came out negative.Conclusions: Based on those findings, the schools should continuously supervise the practice of selling snacks around the school. The department of education and culture and the health office need to conduct training for food vendors and teachers about healthy snacks in schools. Parents need to pay more attention to children's food consumption.
Bacteriological quality of drinking water for Masinga-Kitui water supply system, Kenya
Authors: Nduku Mulwa A. , N. Akunga D. , J. Nyamari
Published: December 2022

Background: Increasing population has led to increased water demand in major towns across the world. This study focused on Kitui Town in Kenya where about 80% of the inhabitants depend on Masinga-Kitui water supply system. There are limited alternative water sources including groundwater that are not reliable due high contamination with coliforms. The aim of this study was to determine bacteriological quality of Masinga-Kitui water and establish the potential sources of contaminants.Methods: A total of 90 water samples were collected for analysis whereby, 72 were from the households’ water storage facilities selected through stratified purposive sampling technique. Additional 18 samples were representatively collected from the main distribution network/including two community water points located in Kitui Town (Kalundu and Bondeni). Water quality analysis was performed at Kenya Water Institute water laboratory in Nairobi.Results: All the analyzed water samples were grossly contaminated with E. coli and total Coliforms which exceeded the acceptable WHO/KEBS limit of zero (0) CFU/100 ml of water sample. Majority of the Kitui Town residents associated poor water quality with poor sanitation, poor waste management, poorly maintained sewage and waste waters, contamination of water at the main distribution tank at Kwa-Ngindu, poor water storage at the household and unhygienic practices. About 34% of Kitui residents were at the risk of contracting waterborne diseases due to consumption of contaminated water.Conclusions: Regular monitoring of water quality, surveillance of Masinga-Kitui water infrastructure, and enhanced awareness programme should be adopted to encourage Kitui residents to treat drinking water.
The efficacy of combined nutrition education and nutritional supplementation on nutritional status of prospective brides to prevent stunting in newborns
Authors: Pramoni Ni Gusti Ayu K. Dewi , Tanziha Ikeu , Briawan Dodik , Khomsan Ali
Published: December 2022

Background: Optimal growth and development of children is an indicator of the quality of human resources. Stunting is a condition of linear growth retardation which is the result of a long-term lack of nutrients. The stunting problem prevention program is prioritized in the first 1000 days of and the bride and groom who will later become pregnant and give birth to offspring. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of nutritional education and nutritional supplementation on changes in the nutritional status of the prospective bride and groom to prevent stunting in newborns.Methods: The design was quasi-experimental with a pre-post intervention in Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara in June 2020 to October 2021. Sample size: 126 of prospective brides aged 20-30 years who were divided into 3 groups. Data analysis used Paired t-test, Wilcoxon, ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis.Results: Mean BMI after intervention: 22.08±3.12 kg/m2. The intervention reduced the underweight category from 31 (24.6%) to 19 (15.1%). The average weight gain of pregnant women after the intervention was 63.08±7.02 kg. Statistical test there was a difference between groups (p = 0.000). The effect of intervention on infant anthropometry was 13 (11.21%) body length <48 cm and 11 (9.48%) LBW and 10 (8.62%) abnormal head circumference.Conclusions: The intervention can change the parameters of the nutritional status of the subject and there is a relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and infant anthropometry (p=0.000).
Behaviour, services and their future estimation towards nCOVID-19 patients in different waves of health care workers
Authors: Mahanty Bulu , Pattanaik Damayanti , Sarangi Prakash Kumar
Published: December 2022

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) presented frequent concerns regarding their health and their families health and high levels of psychological distress during nCOVID19 pandemic, we aimed to estimate towards the future services nCOVID-19 waves like 4th wave in India and their behavior, and services towards the nCOVID-19 Patients and whether HCWs are in more depression or anxiety level.Methods: We developed a questionnaire to study the HCWs. The questionnaire demography and data anxiety, depression behavior consists of 30 questions.Results: high-risk health care workers had elevated stress levels. We sent 200 questionnaires completed questionnaires were returned by 128 (64%) of the participants. Out of which 72 (36%) are incomplete or non-response data. Maximum age is from 30-35 male and 25-30, female age group. Highest number of male age groups from 30 to 35, 25 (37.31%), in case of female age groups from 25-30, 19 (31.15%). Overall, the number of Male 67 (52.34%) and female 61 (47.65%) of the study. From the above descriptive statistics gives that overall average age of female with standard deviation (29.98±6.38), and with overall male, average and standard deviation (32.27±6.60). Median age of female is 27 and Male is 30 years of age. By using the linear regression analysis, we predict the future behaviors and services for upcoming pandemic is very less anxiety and depression with (p<0.001) significant.Conclusions: In conclusion, our study highlights that HCWs are both female and male are predicted less depression and anxiety about the behavior and future pandemic services.
A nationwide cross-sectional study to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and manifestations of polycystic ovarian syndrome among clinically diagnosed polycystic ovarian syndrome cases aged 15-49 years
Authors: Shah Sneh M. , Mohanty Sthitapragnya , Kaduluri Chandana S. , Bhatt Gneyaa S. , Ninama Pallavi , Bapat Nirav K.
Published: December 2022

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a gynecological and endocrine disorder closely linked with one’s lifestyle, has been impacted by the lockdowns imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Hence, our objective was to study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and the manifestations of women with PCOS, and the association between them.Methods: Nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out among women diagnosed with PCOS via Rotterdam's criteria using predesigned semi-structured questionnaires via social media. Data was analysed using proportions and Chi-square tests.Results: Majority females were between 20-29 years (78.3%) and obese (54.8%). Only 12 were physically active, with lack of motivation being the commonest reason for not exercising. 66.9% gained weight (average 6.62 kg). 72.6% noticed an increase in stress levels. 51.7% and 25.9% had severe and moderate anxiety respectively as per GAD (Generalized Anxiety Depression) score. Only 28.5% were satisfied with their sleep. 62.4% reported having irregular menstrual cycles, with an increase of 4.6% from before the pandemic. 39.2% women reported to have missed cycles often during the pandemic. 35.4% of women had an increase in hirsutism. A significant association was found between regularity of menses and one’s weight, physical activity and anxiety. Stress levels and sleep were found to be associated with change in the pattern of body hair.Conclusions: Overall compared to the pre-pandemic times, lifestyle deteriorated, with worsening of stress levels, physical activity, sleep and weight gain in spite of improvement in diet. Manifestations of PCOS showed exaggerated menstrual symptoms and increased hirsutism.
A prospective study on the quantification of anti-HBs antibody titers of vaccinated health care workers in a tertiary care teaching hospital by using automated enzyme linked fluorescent assay
Authors: Indernath Sunil , K. Sudha , N. Shanmugavadivoo , B. Usha , S. Vinod Babu
Published: December 2022

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major health problem among health care workers (HCWs). Globally, 350 million peoples have infected, and it was estimated by WHO. CDC has recommended HBV vaccination for all health care workers. The objective was to determine the anti-HBs antibodies titres among health care workers using automated enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA).Methods: This prospective study was conducted in department of microbiology, tertiary care hospital. The test samples have been collected from health care workers who have completed the course of vaccination. VIDAS anti-HBs total II (AHBS) assay was initiated according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Results: Out of 100 subjects, 62% showed positive for anti-HBs antibodies and the remaining 38% showed negative. Positivity of anti-HBs antibody titers ranges from 27 mIU/ml to 500 mIU/ml.Conclusions: In the present study, 100 subjects have been selected based on the HBV vaccination with completion of three doses of vaccination. Presence of anti-HBs antibodies titers against the vaccination is fully immunized. The study was determined the vaccinated status of anti-HBs antibodies against the infection among clinicians, nurses and CRRIs and it has to be revealed at regular intervals of every 6 to 8 months.
Awareness and attitude of domestic workers toward COVID-19 and vaccination: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kapoor Riti Thapar
Published: December 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of the people all over the world as it was declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organization. The present investigation was conducted in Gejha village of Gautam Buddha Nagar to study the awareness and knowledge level of the domestic workers about COVID-19 and its prevention through vaccination.Methods: Total three hundred participants both male and female were selected for the study. A brief interview and group discussion were conducted with domestic workers and questionnaire was used during the study for analysis of their knowledge about COVID-19.Results: The present study revealed that approximately 98% respondents were aware about the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and 94% respondents accepted that washing hands, wearing face mask and social distancing are essential to protect against COVID-19. Approximately 98% domestic workers showed their hesitancy for vaccination. They have raised doubts on the efficacy of vaccines and its side effects on health.Conclusions: To fight against pandemic, there is an urgent need of multidimensional approaches and coordinated efforts to address the misconceptions related with the safety and effectiveness of vaccines among the domestic workers.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among flood survivors of Kodagu subdistrict in Karnataka: a cross sectional study
Authors: Saroja Arunesha Babu , Purushothama Jagannath
Published: December 2022

Background: Mental health being a major concern gradually rising from the shadows, post-traumatic stress disorder is triggering as a major public health issue followed by any disaster. Hence, we aimed to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among the flood survivors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the flood survivors who resided on the banks of river Kaveri and river Harangi in Somwarpet Taluk of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. A semi structured questionnaire was administered by interview method to capture the data from 331 participants who were sheltered at the relief camps during the flood in the year 2019. Association of sociodemographic variables with PTSD was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Logistic regression.Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 42.94 (±14.10) years and 141 (42.6%) were males. The prevalence of high severity symptoms of PTSD was 28.4%. Poor social support was perceived by 87.3% of the participants. Age, Loss of official documents, owning agricultural land and distance to river from the house were significantly associated with PTSD.Conclusions: PTSD after the disaster was 28% in the population and the majority perceived poor social support. Post flood, employment of support programs and mindfulness programs are the needs of the hour.
Study of head and chest growth and their equalization in Churachandpur, Manipur during the first year of life
Authors: Ngaithianven Evelyn
Published: December 2022

Background: The study of head and chest circumferences and the subsequent age at equalization, when studying infant growth, played a vital role in a community as it helps in identifying those who are susceptible to nutritional issues. Keeping in view the importance, a journey was embarked upon with the object of finding out the growth of head and chest circumferences as well as their age of equalization among the tribal infants in Churachandpur, Manipur.Methods: Using longitudinal setting, infants taken into account were full term born and measurements were recorded within 24 hours of birth from maternity clinics and hospitals in Churachandpur. The growth pattern of head and chest circumferences were measured independently from birth till the child attained 1 year of age at monthly interval following standard techniques given by Weiner and Lourie by using a narrow, flexible, non-stretch steel tape calibrated in centimetres.Results: Observation of earlier equalization of head and chest circumferences is recorded among the tribal group studied. After the observation of equalization, chest circumference remains larger than head circumference in both sexes throughout the first year of life, which signifies a good growth among the infant group studied.Conclusions: It can be recommended from the present study the use of head and chest circumference for identifying vulnerable infant/children from their nutritional standpoint in any kind of settings as it is easily accessible and cost effective. The present study shows a positive secular trend when compared with other available literatures.
An overview of eosinophilic esophagitis in children
Authors: Almehmadi Ahmed Bushaybish , Bushnaq Asil Abdullah , Alshahrani Nawaf Mohammed , Almalki Mohammed Abdullah , Alshehri Abdullah Sultan , Al-Namlah Saja Saleh , Alawadh Ali Hussain , Hazazi Alhanoof Abdulhakeem , Jamal Raeah Akram , Alkhalifah Soliman Khalifah , Al Harbi Raghdah Khamees
Published: December 2022

Based on the patient's age, eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) has different clinical manifestations. Infants and young children frequently have vague manifestations such difficulty eating, nausea, and discomfort in the abdomen. Despite having symptoms that resemble gastroesophageal reflux, children with EE, do not respond to intensive ant reflux medication. Dysphagia and food impaction became the most common symptoms in adults and adolescents. EE should also be considered when treating adults and children who continue to have heartburn. Pediatric and adult patients frequently have concurrent allergy disorders such asthma, rhinitis, and eczema, in addition to peripheral eosinophilia and increased total blood IgE levels. Mucosal oedema, furrows, exudates, corrugated bands, strictures, and the alleged "crepe paper sign" are some of the endoscopic characteristics of EE. EE is widely seen as a distinct condition from reflux disorder. According to current understanding, the former could be a symptom of eosinophilic gastroenteritis or be induced by cell-mediated food hypersensitivity. Reports back up the effectiveness of steroid treatment or food restriction. To ascertain the cause, enable early clinical identification, and enhance treatment, more research is required.
Assessment and prevention of tooth decay in children
Authors: AlDomyati Roaa Mohammad , Alhawaj Zainab Mohammed , Bin Surayhid Ibrahim Khalid , Rafiq Samiah Adnan , AL Saffar Noor Shaker , Ali Almatrudi Abdullah , Almousa Fatimah Mohammad , Al Nemer Kholoud Abdullah , Aldhafer Abdulelah Abdullah , Alsaywed Rafal Abdulrahman , Alharthi Ali Salem
Published: December 2022

It has been solidified by science that dental decay is transmittable. Despite improvements in other age groups, there is indication that dental decay in young children is on the rise. There has not been an improvement in practice as a result of risk assessment research. Although definite trials are required, antiseptics, chlorhexidine varnish, and polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVI-I) may be useful. Despite not being extensively distributed to the most vulnerable, fluorides continue to be the most beneficial interventions. Although conclusive trials have not been carried out, fluoride varnish is a fairly efficient topical preventative for young children. The promise of silver diamine fluoride must be studied in the US. Xylitol is safe and reliable, according to the data, although it is not widely used. Despite numerous studies, wide adoption of dental sealants has not taken place, despite being a fundamental component of public policy. We draw the conclusion that while research has demonstrated the negative public health impact of tooth decay, not enough of it has been conducted to address the growing incidence of pediatric dental disease globally.  Technology must be translated from studies to practice in order to stop childhood teeth decay. This should include conducting translational studies and putting the latest technological and scientific developments into use.
Extensive Neuromusculoskeletal Complications—Including Multi-Level Vertebral Osteomyelitis, Myelopathy, Polyradiculopathy, and Multiple Muscle Abscesses—After Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Block: A Case Report
Authors: Park Ji Woong , Noh Jeong Se
Published: December 2022

Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a rare, slowly progressing disease that often causes neuromuscular complications. Epidural block is a non-surgical treatment used in patients with radicular pain to deliver drugs to the epidural space; it is generally known to be a safe method, but it can occasionally cause infection. Herein, we present a rare case of VO with severe neuromuscular complications that developed in a patient who underwent lumbar transforaminal epidural block for back pain. Imaging studies showed VO, multiple pyogenic abscesses, and compressive cervical myelopathy. Electrodiagnostic studies showed clear evidence of cervical myelopathy and polyradiculopathy. With early treatment using a multidisciplinary approach, including medical treatment, surgery, and comprehensive rehabilitation, recovery of motor weakness and functional improvement were achieved after 2 months of treatment. Electrodiagnostic studies are advantageous for localizing and determining the degree of neuromuscular damage following VO. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of VO could improve patients’ prognosis, functional ability, and quality of life.
Chronic Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury: An Important Differential in Progressive Arm Atrophy
Authors: Younas Umer , Khalil Muhammad Tawab , Yasmeen Rehana , Shafiq Omar , Irshad Imran
Published: December 2022

An isolated musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) injury is a rare condition that can be easily missed if it presents late. A 28-year-old man reported painless and progressive wasting of the right arm for 6 months. On examination, there was visible wasting of the right biceps brachii muscle along with its slight weakness, depressed biceps jerk, and an impaired pinprick sensation in the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve distribution. He described a history of a road traffic accident 14 months beforehand. Based on the history and clinical examination, the differential diagnosis included an isolated MCN injury, upper trunk plexopathy, lateral cord plexopathy, C5/6 radiculopathy, and monomelic amyotrophy involving the C5/6 myotomes on the right side. The results of nerve conduction studies and electromyography were consistent with chronic proximal MCN neuropathy (right). In cases of arm wasting without pain or numbness, MCN injury should be included in the differential diagnosis, even in the presence of good power of the elbow flexors. The importance of detailed history-taking and clinical correlation cannot be over-emphasized in such cases.
Ischemic Stroke with Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Shin Dong Jae , Ko Young Jin , Jun So Yeon
Published: December 2022

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with various phenotypes involving multiple systems. Stroke co-occurrence in DM1 is rare, but can cause severe dysfunction in a patient’s quality of life. However, the mechanism of stroke in patients with DM1 is poorly understood. In this case report, we present a patient who was diagnosed with DM1 while suffering from a brain embolic infarction due to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This is the first known case of DM1 with APS. The coexistence of these two multisystem diseases may make the diagnosis difficult, and there is the possibility of symptoms involving multiple organs. We should pay attention to the possibility of the coexistence of autoimmune disease and stroke in DM1 patients based on this rare case of a DM1 patient with stroke and an autoimmune disease.
True Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Elongated C7 Transverse Processes in a Hemiplegic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Jeong Yeon Gyu , Jung Jin Hee , Kim Joo Sup , Lee Hyo Jeong
Published: December 2022

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is caused by the compression of neurovascular structures in the thoracic cage. TOS can be classified into neurogenic TOS (NTOS) and vascular TOS. Congenital anomalies, such as cervical ribs and elongated C7 transverse processes, may be the cause of NTOS. NTOS can be subcategorized as either disputed NTOS or true NTOS. True NTOS, a very rare disease with a prevalence of about one in a million, is diagnosed by the weakness and atrophy of T1-innervated intrinsic muscles of the hand and corresponding electrodiagnostic abnormalities. We report a case of a 42-year-old patient, who presented with a 5-year history of clumsiness and 1 1-year history of weakness and atrophy in her right hand. The patient was diagnosed with true NTOS during comprehensive rehabilitation, which she received for left hemiplegia due to intracranial hemorrhage. Elongated bilateral C7 transverse processes were found on a radiological evaluation. True NTOS is often overlooked or mistaken for carpal tunnel syndrome, thus delaying the diagnosis and inevitably worsening outcomes. Therefore, an electrodiagnostic study is crucial for detecting true NTOS, rather than typical physical examinations such as the Roos stress test and Adson’s test.
Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Combined with Brachial Neuritis Caused by Lymphadenopathy after Vaccination for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Hyun Jeong , Min Ingi , Lee Hyun Sung , Kim Keewon , Hyun Sung Eun
Published: December 2022

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) occurs due to compression of the neurovascular bundle exiting the thoracic outlet, through which the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels pass. Here, we report a case of venous TOS combined with brachial neuritis, which was caused by axillary lymphadenopathy after the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A 17-year-old female patient presented with left upper extremity swelling and pain after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine in the left deltoid muscle. Contrast-enhanced brachial plexus magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe swelling of the left axillary and subclavian lymph nodes, which lie immediately above the subclavian vein. An electrodiagnostic study revealed left brachial plexopathy, mainly involving the lower trunk with mixed demyelinating and axonal injury. The patient received intravenous steroid pulse therapy and oral steroid therapy. A follow-up examination showed complete recovery of muscle strength and function, pain, and swelling in the left upper extremity within 3 months after vaccination against COVID-19.
Comparison of the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential and the Blink Reflex in Cerebellar and Brainstem Infarction Patients
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Park Jeong Mee , Hong Ji Seon , Jang Ji Yoon , Kim Seo Hyun
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study investigated whether the blink reflex could be substituted for the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), which has some limitations for use in stroke patients.Methods: Thirty-four patients with cerebellar or brainstem ischemic stroke underwent VEMP and blink reflex testing. We compared the P13 latency of VEMP and the R1, R2, R2’ latency of the blink reflex in stroke patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Fisher exact test and independent t-test, with a p-value < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.Results: In 29 stroke patients, excluding those with bilateral lesions, the VEMP and the blink test did not show a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.2701). In all 34 stroke patients participating in the study, including those with bilateral lesions, R2’ mean showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0081) according to the presence of normal or abnormal VEMP. Conclusion: R2’ of the blink reflex passes through more neural pathways and polysynaptic pathways than R1 and R2; therefore, it showed a more prominent difference between the normal and abnormal VEMP groups.