bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defense of Sevastopol in the literary interpretation of L. N. Tolstoy and his contemporaries
Authors: Mashkova E. E. , Medzhitova E. S.
Published: January 2025

In the given article the statement about the special author’s vision of the events of the Crimean War presented in “The Sevastopol Sketches” by L.N. Tolstoy is concept-forming. This thesis exists as the axiom in studies of L. N. Tolstoy’s “The Sevastopol Sketches” from the moment of their writing to the present day. In order to clarify the writer’s position, to concretize its differences with the generally accepted point of view, “The Sevastopol Sketches” are compared with the official military chronicle, published in the section “Military Sheet” on the pages of the newspaper “Russky Invalid”, journalistic and literary works about the defense of Sevastopol by L.N. Tolstoy’s contemporaries: essays by V. A. Kokorev “The Way of Sevastopol defenders” (1858) and A. N. Suponev “Stories about the Sevastopol people” (1904), the story by I. I. Mitropolsky “Sinop cabin boy” (1917). It is noted that cycle by L. N. Tolstoy, with its photographic naturalism of the everyday life of the besieged city, contrasts with the major and solemn tone of the publications of “Russky Invalid”, emphasized the folk nature of the war; the sufferings of human bodies – with the ceremonial splendor of military marches; the natural human sense of self-preservation and fear, does not exclude, however, the ability to die for the Fatherland, – with romanticized heroism of “Russky Invalid”. Conceptual differences in the depiction of the Crimean War, the defense of Sevastopol in the works of L. N. Tolstoy and his contemporaries is considered. In the notes by V. A. Kokorev, “Stories about the Sevastopol people” by A. N. Suponev, the Crimean War has a religious character; Sevastopol defenders’ deed is moral pattern and spiritual ancestor for Russian people. In “The Sevastopol Stories” by L.N. Tolstoy, war is senseless and contrary to human nature. This leitmotif of the cycle sets the tone for following works about the defense of the city (“Sinop cabin boy” by I. I. Mitropolsky). The inclusion of “The Sevastopol Sketches” in the historical and cultural context of 19th century reveals, however, not only differences, but also essential similarities in the concept of war of L. N. Tolstoy and his contemporaries. L.N. Tolstoy, like V.A. Kokorev, sees the guarantee of a person’s spiritual rebirth in the renunciation of selfish, vain aspirations, in a general, communal sense of participation in great history.
“Little poplar burned by the moon”: dendronyms with negative connotations in the lyrics of Anna Akhmatova
Authors: Papsheva G. O. , Golubtsova N. V. , Matveeva O. N.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the representation of structures mentioning trees (dendronyms) with negative connotations in the lyrics of Anna Akhmatova. The author’s individual model of perception of the plant world is reconstructed, the image of a tree as a mediator is recreated, making a connection between the “living” and “dead”, the “upper” and “lower” world. The complexes of negative connotations interpreting the traditional meanings of dendronyms in the context of individual author’s perception, taking into account the frequency of use of certain phytonyms, are determined; the lexical and grammatical specifics of the textual representation of the surrounding world through dendronyms are revealed. The main tools of semantic interpretation of the image of a tree through the systems of “metaphorization of nature” and “psychological landscape” are highlighted. The priorities in the interpretation of the traditional symbolism of trees and shrubs are systematized through a complex of stable themes and motifs: the deformation of a love feeling, reflection after parting, the image of illness as a negative effect of the gap between the human world and the natural world, the image of death, the image of war. The main points of the use of dendronyms are highlighted: psychoemotional, geographical, biographical, existing within the framework of negative evaluative constructions, a classification of floral vocabulary is given, the lexico-semantic group “Trees and shrubs” is considered in detail. The differences in the interpretation and use of various subgroups of dendronyms are systematized: “Wild trees and shrubs”, “Fruit-bearing trees and shrubs”, the thesis of a predominantly urban landscape in the lyrics of Anna Akhmatova is confirmed. It describes the space of a garden, park, manor park and landscape architecture. Conclusions are drawn about the individual author’s model of the artistic world, taking into account the structures containing trees and shrubs in the nomination, the main trends in the functioning of floral vocabulary in the poetic text are highlighted, taking into account the level of metaphorization of phytonyms and the concept of “psychological landscape”, which expressing the feelings and emotions of characters through the name of plants in the fiction text.
Analysis of the implementation of a heat pump unit into the Yakutsk combined heat and power plant (CHP) scheme
Authors: Reev V. G.
Published: January 2025

The article considers the potential for fuel and energy savings through the integration of heat pump units (HPUs) into the existing thermal power generation scheme of the Yakutsk combined heat and power plant (CHP). Currently, one of the promising energies saving technologies is heat pump units (HPU). The Yakutsk CHP, with a total thermal output capacity of 450 Gcal/h, currently relies on five hot water boilers: two KVGM-100 units, two PTVM-100 units, and one PTVM-50 unit. According to the United Cycle (UC) program, a thermal scheme simulation was conducted to assess the impact of incorporating HPUs. The study examined two operational modes: (1) with HPU operation and (2) without HPU operation. Heat load calculations were performed for both modes, analyzing boiler operation and HPUs’ performance. The results demonstrate that integrating HPUs into the thermal scheme leads to a reduction in boiler plant. When preheating return mains water at 10°C, the HPUs achieve a thermal load of 55.6 Gcal/h, representing 12.3% of the total heat generation capacity. The article determined that by employing HPUs for boiler unloading, fuel consumption can be reduced by 12.4%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating HPUs into the Yakutsk CHP scheme, presenting a viable approach to improving fuel efficiency and reducing operational costs
Estimation of heavy metals and radionuclides deposition area on the environment of the domestic waste landfill on the 9th km of Vilyuisky tract in Yakutsk
Authors: Mamaeva S. N. , Frontasyeva M. V. , Petrova K. A. , Kolodeznikov V. E. , Ignatyeva G. A. , Zakharov E. S. , Kononov V. N.
Published: January 2025

The moss-biomonitor method was used for the first time to estimate the areal of precipitation extent of heavy metals and other trace elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Sb, V, Zn and Hg) in the territory surrounding the landfill of domestic (communal) waste on the 9th km of the Vilyuisky tract in Yakutsk within a radius of 150 km, using the method of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. At the same time, mosses, lichens and soil were analysed for the content of radionuclides (40К, 137Cs, 212 Pb, 214Pb, 212Bi, 214Bi, 208Tl, 7Be, 228Ac) in a number of samples taken by semiconductor gamma spectrometry. The results of the study of moss samples by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma indicate the presence of a large amount of toxic paper (Ba) and metal debris (Al, Co, Cr, Fe, S, Pb) in the landfill. In addition, it was shown that the following elements were found in the studied samples: Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn, Hg. Gamma-ray spectrometry revealed that radioactive elements such as caesium 137Cs, daughter products of uranium 238U and thorium 232Th are present in the studied samples. Detection of the same heavy metals and radionuclides in the atmospheric environment and town soil (data from the scientific and technical report “Origin and composition of dust on the territory of the Municipal Entity of Yakutsk”), as well as in vegetation and soil near the landfill (data presented in this paper) may indicate that one of the sources of environmental contamination may be the products of combustion resulting of the landfill contents at the 9th km of the Vilyuisky tract.
Dynamics of 2-crowdion and energy transfer in tungsten: atomistic modeling
Authors: Sharapova Yu. R. , Kazakov A. M. , Semyonova M. N. , Rahmatullina Zh. G. , Timerbaev D. R. , Korznikova E. A.
Published: January 2025

The migration of point defects in metals contributes to the transfer of mass and energy during plastic deformation, heat treatment, irradiation, etc. In this regard, the study of such physical processes of nonlinear dynamics of the crystal lattice of metals is an urgent task. In this paper, the dynamics of 2-crowdion and the processes of energy transfer in tungsten are studied, aimed at understanding the mechanisms of defect formation and energy dissipation under extreme temperatures and pressures. It is known that crystal lattices accumulate a large number of defects under external influence, such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries. All these defects create internal stress fields that will affect the dynamics of crowdions. Using the methods of molecular dynamic modeling and embedded atom model, the propagation of 2-crowdions in a three-dimensional structure was studied. The main results show that the formation of 2-crowdions occurs at critical values of the excitation energy and depends on the initial configuration of the system, where 2-crowdions initiate chain processes of energy transfer through the atomic lattice. It is revealed that the depth of passage of the 2-crowdion linearly depends on the magnitude of the initial energy. The obtained spatiotemporal characteristics of the energy distribution demonstrate the role of 2-crowdions in the local concentration of energy and its subsequent transfer through atomic bonds, which leads to the formation of point defects. These results are important for the design of new radiation-resistant materials, as they help predict the material’s resistance to high-energy influences. The work contributes to the understanding of the physical foundations of energy dissipation and the behavior of defects in refractory materials used in thermonuclear fusion and other high-temperature processes
ОБ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ПЛАЗМЫ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО БАРЬЕРНОГО РАЗРЯДА ДЛЯ НАПРАВЛЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ КИСЛОТНО-ОСНОВНЫХ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ПРИРОДНЫХ СУЛЬФИДОВ ЖЕЛЕЗА
Authors: Бунин И.Ж. , Рязанцева М.В.
Published: January 2025

Работа отражает данные, полученные при изучении взаимосвязи параметров плазменной обработки, реализуемой в условиях диэлектрического барьерного разряда с кислотно-основными, физико-химическими (сорбционная способность по отношению к бутиловому ксантогенату калия) и технологическими свойствами (флотационная активность) природных сульфидов железа (пирита и арсенопирита). Установлено, что в результате НТП-обработки происходит усиление акцепторных, снижение электронодонорных свойств поверхности пирита, а также снижение акцепторной способности арсенопирита, что обуславливает рост сорбционной способности по отношению к электронодонорному гидрофобизирующему реагенту и, как следствие, флотационной активности пирита и снижение у арсенопирита.

The paper discusses the data obtained during the study of the relationship between the dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment parameters with the acid-base, physical and chemical (sorption ability with respect to potassium butyl xanthate) and technological properties (flotability) of natural iron sulfides (pyrite and arsenopyrite). The growth of the acceptor properties and the drop of the electron-donor properties of the pyrite surface was defined. At the same time, the decrease in the acceptor ability of arsenopyrite was identified. It causes an increase in the sorption ability towards electron-donor hydrophobizing reagent (butyl xanthate) in the pyrite' case and therefore it results to the pyrite flotation activity improving. The arsenopyrite sorption activity dropped as result of surface negative charge rising, and it causes the loss of the floatability.
СТРУКТУРООБРАЗУЮЩИЕ СВОЙСТВА САПОНИНСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПИЩЕВЫХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Артемова Елена Николаевна , Власова Кристина Владимировна
Published: January 2025

Сапонинсодержащее сырье играет важную роль в создании и улучшении качественных характеристик многих продуктов питания, делая их более привлекательными для потребителя. Данное сырье используется в технологиях продуктов питания, особенно с пенной и эмульсионной структурой. Исследования в этой области важны не только для улучшения существующих технологий производства продуктов питания, но и для разработки новых продуктов с улучшенными органолептическими и функциональными характеристиками. Авторами были рассмотрены поверхностно активные свойства сапонинов с яичным альбумином, моделирующих разнообразные пищевые системы с их участием. Для исследования были выбраны тритерпеновые сапонины (фирмы Merck и сапонин из конских каштанов), которые имеют в качестве агликона олеаноловую кислоту, которая обуславливает антимикробный, противораковый, гепатопротекторный, антиоксидантный, гиполипидемический и другие эффекты. Эксперимент включал оценку свойств растворов двух сапонинов и яичного альбумина в зависимости от их концентрации с позиции структурно-механического фактора устойчивости, а затем влияние яичного альбумина на растворы сапонинов по тем же показателям. Растворы характеризовали поверхностным натяжением, прочностью межфазного адсорбционного слоя, активной кислотностью и эмульгирующей способностью. Для получения результатов в близком диапазоне значений, концентрация исследуемых растворов яичного альбумина (0,1‒1,0 %) на порядок выше концентрации растворов сапонинов (0,01‒0,1 %), что связано с очень высокой поверхностной активностью последних. Влияние альбумина на 0,05%-ные растворы сапонинов определяли в концентрациях 0,05‒0,5 %. Установлено, что в зависимости от активной кислотности растворов имеют место две разнонаправленные тенденции образования ассоциатов яичного альбумина с сапонинами. Роль отдельных веществ в стабилизации эмульсии и пен смещается в ту или иную сторону из-за возможности образования сапонино-белковых ассоциатов и их коллоидно-химических свойств. При образовании сапонино-белковых ассоциатов снижается способность белковых макромолекул к структурообразованию в MAC, но при этом, благодаря уникальной структуре ассоциатов открываются возможности значительной лиофилизации межфазной границы водный раствор ‒ масло.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ КОМПЛЕКСА ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ ВОЗДУШНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ С КОМПЛЕКСИРОВАНИЕМ ДАННЫХ ОТ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: РАДЮКИН А Ю. , МАСЛЕННИКОВ А Л.
Published: January 2025

В работе рассматривается математическая модель комплекса обнаружения воздушных целей с комплексированием данных от различных источников информации - средств обнаружения. В составе комплекса обнаружения рассматриваются средства обнаружения трех типов: радиолокационная станция, радиопеленгатор и оптико-электронная система. Приводятся математические модели каждого средства обнаружения и динамики цели, заданной в виде материальной точки. Обработка информации строится с использованием селективного метода комплексирования на основе федеративного фильтра Калмана. При использовании которого на каждом такте моделирования работы комплекса обнаружения выбирается наиболее достоверный источник информации о координатах цели (между всеми средствами обнаружения) с наименьшим следом ковариационной матрицы ошибок оценивания. Результаты моделирования показывают принципиальную применимость предложенной математической модели комплекса обнаружения воздушных целей.

The paper considers a mathematical model of an air target detection system with data integration from various information sources - detection means. The detection system includes three types of detection means: a radar station, a radio direction finder, and an optical-electronic system. Mathematical models of each detection means and the dynamics of a target specified as a material point are given. Information processing is built using a selective integration method based on the federated Kalman filter. When using it, at each simulation cycle of the detection system operation, the most reliable source of information on the target coordinates (between all detection means) with the smallest trace of the covariance matrix of estimation errors is selected. The modeling results show the fundamental applicability of the proposed mathematical model of the air target detection system.
МЕТОДИКА ВЫБОРА ГИБКОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕКТА С УЧЕТОМ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЕГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ
Authors: КОПКИН Е В. , МЫШКО В В. , ЧИКУРОВ В А.
Published: January 2025

В статье изложена методика, позволяющая из большого разнообразия возможных гибких программ диагностирования сложного технического объекта, синтезируемых различными методами и на основе различных показателей качества, выбрать такую, которая будет наиболее результативной. Интегральный показатель результативности диагностирования, предложенный в статье, определяется достоверностью, оперативностью и ресурсоемкостью синтезированной программы.

The article describes a technique that allows choosing the one that will be most effective from a wide variety of possible flexible diagnosis programs for a complex technical object synthesized by various methods and based on various indicators of quality. The integral indicator of diagnosis effectiveness proposed in article is determined by the reliability, efficiency and resource intensity of synthesized program
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ГИРОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО ЭФФЕКТА В ВИДЕ АНАЛИЗА В ТРУДАХ О. И. СОМОВА
Authors: БАЛАМИРЗОЕВ А Г.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье приводится обобщение задачи вращения твердого тела вокруг неподвижной точки, которое дано в трудах Сомова. Он получил решение этой задачи для случая после первоначального удара, интегрируя дифференциальные уравнения движения с помощью эллиптических функций Якоби третьего рода с мнимым параметром. Решение Сомова показало, что основные параметры движения выражаются через композицию эллиптических функций простейшего вида и, вводя их, задача о вращении твердого тела относительно неподвижной точки сводится к простейшим элементам.

This article provides a generalization of the problem of rotation of a solid body around a fixed point, which is given in the works of Somov. He obtained a solution to this problem for the case after the initial impact by integrating differential equations of motion using elliptic Jacobi functions of the third kind with an imaginary parameter. Somov's solution showed that the basic parameters of motion are expressed through a composition of elliptic functions of the simplest form and, introducing them, the problem of rotation of a solid body relative to a fixed point is reduced to the simplest elements.
НОБЕЛЕВСКИЕ КОНГРЕССЫ В ИНТЕРЬЕРЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО НОБЕЛЕВСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ (К 125-ЛЕТИЮ НОБЕЛЕВСКИХ ПРЕМИЙ И 35-ЛЕТИЮ НОБЕЛЕВСКИХ КОНГРЕССОВ В ТАМБОВЕ)
Authors: ТЮТЮННИК В М.
Published: January 2025

С апреля 1989 г. в Тамбове на базе Международного Информационного Нобелевского Центра (МИНЦ) проводятся периодические Нобелевские конгрессы, цель которых объединить усилия учёных и специалистов самых разных сфер деятельности в анализе феномена Нобелевских премий в истории мировой цивилизации конца XIX, XX и начала XXI веков. Синергетическая интерпретация феномена Нобелевских премий даёт единый алгоритм обновления, укрепления, усложнения, повышения порядка культурного пространства. Каждый из тринадцати Нобелевских конгрессов внёс ощутимый вклад в Международное Нобелевское движение.

Since April 1989 in Tambov on the basis of the International Nobel Information Center (INIC) periodic Nobel Congresses have been held, the purpose of which is to unite the efforts of scientists and specialists from various fields of activity in the analysis of the phenomenon of Nobel Prizes in the history of world civilization of the late XIX, XX and early XXI centuries. Synergetic interpretation of the phenomenon of Nobel Prizes gives a unified algorithm of renewal, strengthening, complication, and increasing the order of cultural space. Each of the thirteen Nobel Congresses made a tangible contribution to the International Nobel Movement.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ СУДОВ НА ПОДВОДНЫХ КРЫЛЬЯХ И ИХ МЕСТО В ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ РОССИИ
Authors: МУХИНА М Л.
Published: January 2025

В 60-80 годы в СССР был создан скоростной пассажирский флот по своей численности и масштабам перевозок не имевший аналогов в мире. В подавляющем большинстве он был представлен СПК конструкции ЦКБ по СПК им. Р.Е. Алексеева. Регулярное сообщение на СПК связывало между собой более полусотни крупных речных и морских портов бывшего государства Происшедшая в стране в начале 90-х годов смена экономического уклада стала одной из определяющих причин деградации скоростного флота. В статье приведено сравнение показателей транспортной эффективности транспортных средств, реализующих кардинально различные принципы движения (полет, ход на крыльях, качение, парение на воздушной подушке), проведены на базе классических понятий механики и теплотехники для синтеза критерия, дающего объективную оценки инженерного совершенства транспортных машин. В 2012-2014 годы ЦКБ по СПК им. Р.Е. Алексеева возобновило проектирование и строительство высокоскоростных судов нового поколения для военного и гражданского флотов на собственной производственной базе компании в Нижегородской области. С удовлетворением автор отмечает, что его умеренно-оптимистические прогнозы относительно дальнейшей судьбы пассажирских СПК, оказались созвучными с мнением ученых и специалистов в области скоростных пассажирских перевозок на водном транспорте.

In the 60-80years, a high-speed passenger fleet was created in the USSR, which had no analogues in the world in terms of its size and scale of transportation. The vast majority of it was presented by the hydrofoils of the design of the Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils named after R.E. Alekseev. Regular traffic to the hydrofoils connected more than fifty large river and sea ports of the former state. The change in the economic structure that took place in the country in the early 90s became one of the determining reasons for the degradation of the high-speed fleet. The article presents a comparison of indicators of transport efficiency of vehicles implementing radically different principles of movement (flight, wing travel, rolling, hovering on an air cushion), conducted on the basis of classical concepts of mechanics and thermal engineering to synthesize a criterion that gives an objective assessment of the engineering excellence of transport vehicles. In 2012-2014, the R.E. Alekseev Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils resumed the design and construction of new-generation high-speed vessels for the military and civilian fleets at the company's own production base in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. The author notes with satisfaction that his moderately optimistic forecasts regarding the future ofpassenger hydrofoils turned out to be in line with the opinions of scientists and specialists in the field of high-speed passenger transportation on water transport.
ПОПЫТКА ВВЕДЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ОСВЕЩЕНИЯ В РОССИИ В 1849 ГОДУ
Authors: ПЕТРУЩЕНКОВ В А.
Published: January 2025

В 2024 г. исполняется 175 лет попытке введения электрического освещения в России. В страну был приглашен российским правительством французский химик Аршро для демонстрации преимуществ электрического освещения улиц дуговой лампой-регулятором своей конструкции c питанием от гальванической батареи. Производилось опытное освещение Невского проспекта, Гороховой улицы,, Адмиралтейской и Дворцовой площадей с нижней галереи Адмиралтейского шпиля. Опыты проводились под наблюдением особой комиссии, в которую входили представители различных министерств и ведомств. По результатам испытаний комиссия пришла к выводу, что ожидаемые цели не были достигнуты.. В статье приведены организационные и технические подробности всех стадий этого события на основе архивных материалов и публикаций того времени.

2024 marks the 175th anniversary of the attempt to introduce electric lighting in Russia. The French chemist Archereau was invited to the country by the Russian government to demonstrate the advantages of electric street lighting with an arc lamp regulator of his design powered by a galvanic battery. Experimental lighting of Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street, Admiralteyskaya and Palace Squares was carried out from the lower gallery of the Admiralteysky spire. The experiments were conducted under the supervision of a special commission, which included representatives of various ministries and departments. Based on the results of the tests, the commission concluded that the expected goals had not been achieved. The article provides organizational and technical details of all stages of this event based on archival materials and publications of that time.
О научной документации выставок Минералогического музея им. А.Е. Ферсмана РАН
Authors: Соколова Е.Л. , Докучаев А.Я.
Published: January 2025

Данные о выставочной деятельности Минералогического музея с его основания в XVIII в. до второй половины ХХ в. скудны и фрагментарны, систематической документации экспозиций не проводилось никогда. За последние десятилетия положение несколько улучшилось, однако документация выставок на научной основе по единому образцу не проводится, она не разработана, несмотря на прорывные технические возможности нашего времени. Необходимо ввести в музейный обиход обязательную научную документацию выставок в виде единой информационной базы, в которую входили бы топографические описи, детальные фотографии экспозиций, данные по вспомогательному материалу, ссылки на научные работы, имена авторов и год создания, данные по модернизации. Такая документация должна составляться не только для постоянных, но также для временных и выездных выставок музея. Без этой необходимой меры мы будем терять информацию об эволюции выставочной активности музея и об интеллектуальной деятельности поколений ученых, которые внесли свой вклад в развитие музея.

Data on the exhibition activities of the Mineralogical Museum from its foundation in the 18th century to the second half of the 20th century are scant and fragmentary; systematic documentation of the exhibitions has never been conducted. The situation has improved in recent decades, but documentation of exhibitions on a scientific basis according to a single model is not conducted; it has not been developed, despite the technical capabilities of our time. It is necessary to introduce into museum use mandatory scientific documentation of exhibitions in the form of a single data base, which would include topographic inventories, detailed photographs, data on auxiliary material, references to scientific works, names of authors and year of creation, data on modernization. Such documentation should be compiled not only for permanent, but also for temporary and traveling exhibitions of the museum. Without this necessary measure, we will lose information on the evolution of the museum's exhibition activities and the intellectual activity of generations of scientists who have contributed to the development of the museum.
Morphometric and hydrological characteristics of Abo-Habil Basin, western Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Ummhani Idris
Published: January 2025

Examining morphometric parameter is essential for understanding hydrological processes and watershed management, with the goal of utilizing water for various purposes. The primary objective of this research is to identify the morphometric characteristics of the Abo-Habil Basin in western Sudan, analyze the hydrological network of the basin and its significance, and focus on how natural elements have shaped the basin and their impact on flood-prone areas, which can lead to loss of life and property. Additionally, this study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology for data collection and analysis to establish a database of morphometric characteristics and their hydrological parameters in this region. The analytical descriptive method is utilized to describe the physical characteristics of the basin, including climatology and geology, while a quantitative approach is employed to develop a morphometric database. This includes quantitative analyses of the basin's characteristics, such as aerial, topographic, and drainage network data, using Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and Landsat 8 imagery to derive hydrological parameters. Findings indicate that the valley is situated in a desert climate zone, both arid and semi-arid. The morphometric analysis reveals that the valley trends toward a central location or an endpoint of the watershed, potentially leading to a primary river or drainage region. Additionally, the analysis shows the morphology and arial characteristics of the basin, , presented in Table( 10) including an area of approximately (30211.8) km², a perimeter of (1356.4) km, a length of (374) km, width basin ( 233), an elongation ratio of (0.5), a circularity ratio of (0.2) and a form factor of (0.2). The drainage network analysis of the Abo-Habil basin, presented in Table( 12), reveals five orders, ranging from 1st order (the smallest tributaries) to 5th order (the largest one), with a dendritic drainage pattern.The total Stream length of drainage network is (7271) km, with average bifurcation ratio of ( 5.13) and a hypsometric integral of (19.6%).Relief basin characteristics presented in Table (11). The Abo-Haibl basin has a total relief of (1082) m, a relief ratio of  (2.9 )m/km, a relative relief of (0.8) m/km, a ruggedness number of (277), and an average slope of (2.8) degrees. The research emphasizes the importance of addressing environmental risks in the region, such as floods and erosion, and recommends establishing water harvesting projects through dams and implementing soil conservation initiatives to protect vegetation and soil.
Degradable Water-Soluble Polymer Prodrugs for Subcutaneous Delivery of Irritant Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Guerassimoff Léa , Cao Jingming , Auguste Michaelle , Bossion Amaury , Zhu Chen , Le Dao , Cailleau Catherine , Ismail Safa Mohamed , Mercer-Nomé Françoise , Nicolas Julien
Published: January 2025

Chemotherapy is primarily administered intravenously (IV), but this route poses significant challenges (e.g., high costs, patient discomfort, logistical difficulties, side effects such as infections from catheter use). Although oral and subcutaneous (SC) routes are preferred for their convenience and have the potential for better patient comfort and cost reduction, oral chemotherapy faces issues like poor bioavailability and adherence, while SC delivery is unsuitable for irritant or vesicant drugs due to local toxicity. To overcome these limitations, the polymer prodrug strategy has been explored, where drugs are linked to a polymer, reducing toxicity and enhancing drug delivery. Recent work has focused on creating water-soluble polymer prodrugs for SC delivery of paclitaxel (Ptx), a hydrophobic and vesicant drug, which was successfully conjugated to polyacrylamide (PAAm), a very hydrophilic biocompatible polymer, resulting in safer SC injection and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in tumor-bearing mice. However, this strategy's potential depends on adapting it to other vesicant anticancer drugs. Making the polymer degradable for facilitated excretion would also be a key improvement. In this work, this approach has been successfully extended to gemcitabine (Gem), a widely used but irritant anticancer drug, and to a degradable PAAm-based promoiety, having cleavable ester groups in the main chain. The resulting Gem-based prodrugs featured upper critical solution temperature to ensure complete solubility at the temperature of the SC tissue, sustained Gem release, significant degradation under physiological conditions, improved systemic toxicity and absence of local toxicity compared to free Gem. Remarkably, Gem-PAAm polymer prodrugs exhibited significant anticancer efficacy in mice bearing Mia Pa-Ca 2 tumors, outperforming Gemzar®, the commercial formulation of Gem. These advances suggest the potential of these hydrophilic polymer prodrugs to transform SC chemotherapy, enabling the use of a broader range of anticancer drugs while reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes.
P1 center network in high-pressure high-temperature diamonds is a readily accessible source of nuclear hyperpolarization at 14 T
Authors: Stern Quentin , Cui Jinlei , Chaklashiya Raj , Tobar Celeste , Judd Martyna , Nir-Arad Orit , Shimon Daphna , Kaminker Ilia , Takahashi Hiroki , Sirigiri Jagadishwar R. , Han Songi
Published: January 2025

We investigate nitrogen substitution defects, also known as P1 centers, in type 1b diamonds as a source of electron spin polarization that is readily transferred to 13C nuclear spins within the diamond matrix at 14 Tesla by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at room temperature down to 35 K. The goal was to obtain a quantitative model for clustered P1 centers in diamonds generated under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). The study relied on frequency-stepped measurements of DNP profiles under magic angle spinning (MAS) using the mm-wave output of a frequency-tunable gyrotron and a regular superconducting NMR magnet set at a single field. The gyrotron output frequency was controlled via the temperature of the gyrotron cavity over 260 MHz centered around 395.3 GHz and had an output power of ~1 W across this range. We observe 13C on/off signal enhancements of up to 700-fold at room temperature under MAS and in static mode, and 130-fold between 35K and 100 K. Modeling of the experimental results revealed the dominant role of P1 clusters harboring inter-P1 dipolar and exchange couplings exceeding 100 MHz in achieving effective 13C DNP at 14.1 T. Clustered P1 centers may be of great utility in generating highly enhanced 13C NMR signal in high-pressure high-temperature diamond as a source of contrast for NMR and MRI applications, or a major decoherence source in quantum sensing applications.
Optical Properties of New Donor–Acceptor Dyes for RNA Imaging: Insights from Ab Initio and H¨uckel’s Model Calculations
Authors: Giudetti Goran , Kim Moon Jung , Li Yida , Zhang Chao , Krylov Anna I.
Published: January 2025

Optical properties of 11 donor–acceptor dyes based on pyridinium–indole, pyridinium–indolizine, isoquinolinium–indole, and isoquinolinium–indolizine motifs developed for RNA imaging are investigated using high-level quantum chemistry methods and semi-empirical H¨uckel’s model. The goal of this study is three-fold: (i) to develop and benchmark computational protocols that can be used for computational design and screening of novel dyes; (ii) to explain the trends in optical properties of the model dyes in terms of underlying charge distributions and connectivity; (iii) to propose a strategy for tuning their optical properties by structural modiﬁcations. We also present the results for a new dye designed to have red-shifted absorption and emission.
A pilot study on the spatial distribution of iron concentration in the groundwater of Dimapur district, Nagaland, India
Authors: Sema Akito I , Chaudhuri Sanjay , Tiwari Diwakar , Bhattacharyya Jhimli
Published: January 2025

The increasing uncontrollable anthropogenic activities, and geogenic intervention have majorly depleted the groundwater quality globally. Dimapur district, India is one such case polluted by the significant excess presence of iron concentration. Data reports on the assessment of groundwater quality are unfathomable in the region. Thus, our prime objective sets up What amount of iron concentration is present? How many of those data points possess a high concentration? and how the prediction model works in a particular area of Dimapur town. We then used a spatial non-parametric regression method on the experimental results to further predict the water parameters in areas where no water samples could be collected. Finally, we compare these contours for different water parameters and connect them with the geographic and functional properties of various locations in the studied region.
Substituted Fullerenes for Enhanced Optical Nuclear Hyperpolarization in Random Orientations
Authors: Sakamoto Keita , Miyokawa Katsuki , Hamachi Tomoyuki , Zhang Haoxuan , Song Jiarui , Tateishi Kenichiro , Uesaka Tomohiro , Imahori Hiroshi , Kurashige Yuki , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: January 2025

Polarized electron spins in photoexcited triplet states enable dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at high temperatures, leading to increased sensitivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For a practical nuclear polarization of 10%, single crystals must be precisely oriented in a magnetic field to generate electron spin resonances in a narrow field range that satisfies resonance conditions for polarization transfer. However, this is not realistic for medical applications. Substituted fullerenes as triplet polarizing agents have enabled 1H polarizations above 10%, even for random molecular orientations. They have not been used as polarizing agents for triplet-DNP because of electron spin relaxation via pseudo-rotation. Here, the spin-lattice relaxation time was significantly increased by chemical modification of two sites on C60 fullerenes. Symmetry considerations revealed fullerenes that avoided pseudo-rotations. Di-substituted fullerenes were ideal polarizing agents with sharp linewidths and long relaxation times that enabled 14.2% 1H polarization in randomly oriented orientations. Optimized polarizing agents would enable ultra-sensitive MRI medical diagnostics under mild preparation conditions.
Deciphering the unique mechanism whereby bis-sulfonamido-2-phenylbenzoxazole (PBZ) GroEL/ES inhibitors modulate chaperonin ATPase and client protein folding functions.
Authors: Stevens Mckayla , Doud Emma , Norambuena Javiera , Tepper Katelyn , DeHart Haddie , Trindl Carlee A. , Carpenter Richard , Chapman Eli , Boyd Jeffrey M. , Wells Clark , Chen Qiuyan , Johnson Steven M.
Published: January 2025

We previously reported a series of bis-sulfonamido-2-phenylbenzoxazole (PBZ) inhibitors of GroEL/ES and HSP60/10 chaperonin systems that exhibited potent antibiotic effects against bacteria and Trypanosoma brucei parasites, and chemotherapeutic effects against colorectal cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of action of these inhibitors at the protein level and their relative impact on folding in bacterial versus human cells remained unknown. In this study, cryoEM analyses identified a set of 7-fold symmetrical inhibitor binding sites at the GroEL ring-ring interface (RRI). In addition, LC-MS/MS analyses identified two sets of binding sites at the apical domains and the ATP pockets. These findings, coupled with results from biochemical assays evaluating a small panel of PBZ-based inhibitors, allowed the development of a unique mechanistic model that explains how PBZ binding at the three sites modulates the ATPase and client protein folding functions of E. coli GroEL/ES. Screening of our diversity set of structurally distinct GroEL/ES inhibitors highlighted the unique mechanism of PBZ compounds binding to the RRI and disrupting the intra- and inter-ring allostery governing chaperonin function. We further developed complementary intravital reporter assays to measure the targeting of GroEL/ES in S. aureus bacteria and HSP60/10 in the mitochondria of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Compound screening using these assays support the differential engagement of PBZ analogs with chaperonins in bacteria and/or human cells. Together, these results provide a more detailed molecular basis for the findings from our companion study by Godek et al. that elucidated on-target functions of our lead analog, PBZ1038 (compound 1), against GroEL in E. coli. The inhibition model developed here will be invaluable for interpreting the mechanisms of new inhibitors and generating more potent and selective analogs as antibacterial candidates.
Phenylboronic acids as pH-selective ligands for arylsulfatase B: a lead for pharmacological chaperones against Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome
Authors: Karaki Fumika , Hidaka Kyoko , Nishiyama Yuko , Taniguchi Ami , Hashimoto Yuichi , Ohgane Kenji , Fujii Hideaki
Published: January 2025

Loss of function in lysosomal arylsulfatase B (ARSB) leads to Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, a form of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Mutations in ARSB, at least those characterized in detail, often destabilize and interfere with the folding of the ARSB protein, resulting in the loss of functional ARSB in lysosomes. Pharmacological chaperones, which are ligands that assist in protein folding by binding to folding intermediates in the endoplasmic reticulum, are proposed to be potential drug candidates for such protein misfolding diseases. However, small-molecule ligands for ARSB have not been widely studied and most of the known ligands are sulfate compounds, which are highly polar and do not readily cross the membrane. Since pharmacological chaperones must be able to enter the cell and the endoplasmic reticulum, a surrogate pharmacophore with membrane permeable properties is needed. In this study, we identified phenylboronic acid as an effective sulfate surrogate with membrane permeability, via competitive enzymatic assay against ARSB. Additionally, phenylboronic acids were more potent at neutral pH and less so at acidic pH, exhibiting a pH selective activity profile ideal for pharmacological chaperones. Subsequent structure-activity relationship studies identified more potent derivatives, and ARSB was protected from thermal denaturation in the presence of the derivatives, supporting direct binding of the phenylboronic acids. Although further studies will be required to determine if these phenylboronic acids could act as pharmacological chaperones for ARSB mutants, our finding of phenylboronic acid as a pH-selective surrogate pharmacophore for the aryl sulfate should be valuable for designing pharmacological chaperones for sulfatases in the future.
Geno protective efficacy of D-Pinitol isolated from aerial parts of Glycine max L. (Merr.) on Doxorubicin-mediated genotoxicity assessed through in vivo comet assay
Authors: M Sudha , T Vinciya , P Parameswari , Singh Sanjukta Sainath , I Noorul Alam
Published: January 2025

The goal of this investigation was to determine whether D-pinitol could protect against doxorubicin-mediated genotoxicity using the in vivo Comet test. Ten groups of Swiss albino mice (n = 6) were formed. Group I (Control) received a 0.9% NaCl treatment for fifteen days. Group II (Positive control) received doxorubicin (DOX) at 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for three days on the first, eighth, and fifteenth days. Mice were administered D-pinitol (D-P) at various concentrations (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days, categorized as Groups III, IV, V, and VI based on increasing D-P dosages. Group VII received DOX followed by D-P 100 mg/kg, while Group VIII received D-P 200 mg/kg before DOX. Group IX received D-P 300 mg/kg before DOX, and Group X received D-P 400 mg/kg before DOX. The in vivo Comet assay assessed DNA damage after collecting EDTA blood samples (50 µl) from all experimental and control groups. A highly significant increase in DNA damage (P
A short narrative on article processing charges (apcs) for open accessed journals (oa) in scientific studies
Authors: Bhutia Sonam
Published: January 2025

Many open-access (OA) publishers impose fees on authors in exchange for unrestricted online availability of their papers. This work reviews the literature on article processing charges (APCs) published since 2000. Although some OA journals allow free publication, most OA papers are published by commercial publishers that impose article-level charges (APCs). To cover these costs, authors rely on a combination of personal funds, library budgets, and research grants.APCs have raised two primary concerns: their impact on journal quality and the inability of authors with limited funding to publish their research. Waivers have not effectively resolved the underlying issue over time. Studies in the literature reveal limited expansion of waiver utilization, unintended negative effects on co-author networks, and concerns about the eligibility criteria for waivers. Recent bibliometric research indicates that APC-charging publications influence citations similarly to journals with other revenue streams.This short narrative review examines whether APCs are essential for OA publishing.
The legacy of Khalel Argynbayev on traditional kazakh family rituals
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Tursunovna Aksunkar
Published: January 2025

In connection with the celebration in 2024 of the 100th anniversary of the birth of a major eth-nographer, one of the founders of Kazakh ethnography, Kh.A. Argynbaev, the Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology began implementing a grant project for the purpose of academic reprinting in Kazakh and Russian languages of the scientist’s works, thereby making them availableto a wider circle of professional scientists, as well as the general public to popularize knowledge on the historical ethnography of the Kazakhs among a wide Russian-speaking audience. The purpose of this article is to highlight the contribution of Kh. Argynbaev to the study of Kazakh wedding rituals, which had several successive stages. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of logical analysis and synthesis, a structural-functional approach, in which family rituals as a social institution are considered part of the rituals of the family cycle, and internally are divided into a series of sequential rituals, for example, preliminary wedding negotiations, matchmaking, etc. The factual material, conclusions and assessments of the study can be used in the scientific and educational pro-cess, when conducting lectures and practical classes with students in major specialties at all levels of training (bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral studies), when compiling educational and methodological complexes of elective disciplines, writing textbooks and textbooks on the ethnology of Kazakhstan, the history of science.
Deep Learning-Based Defense Mechanisms Against Black Hole Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Mansi Bhonsle  , G Srinivasulu  , K. Chaitanya  , D. Raghu  , Gunti Surendra  , Kranthi Kumar  , M Srinivasa Rao  , K. Prabhakar  , Vamsi Krishna
Published: January 2025

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are susceptible to various security threats, including black hole attacks, where malicious nodes attract and drop packets, disrupting network communication. Traditional security mechanisms are often inadequate in detecting and mitigating these attacks due to their dynamic and evolving nature. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning-based defense mechanism against black hole attacks in WMNs. It utilizes Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to analyze network traffic patterns and detect abnormal behavior indicative of black hole attacks. The proposed approach offers several advantages, including the ability to adapt to new attack patterns and achieve high detection accuracy. We evaluate our method using a real-world dataset and demonstrate its effectiveness in mitigating black hole attacks. Our results show that the proposed deep learning-based defense mechanism can accurately detect and mitigate black hole attacks, thus enhancing the security and reliability of WMNs.