bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of humoral responses to the first coronavirus disease booster vaccine and breakthrough infection in central China: a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Xu Junhong , Yuan Youhua , Chen Guohua , Ma Bing , Zou Yin Long , Wang Baoya , Yan Wenjuan , Zhang Qi , Ma Qiong , Mao Xiaohuan , Wang Huiling , Li Yi , Zhang Xiaohuan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The long-term immunogenicity, adverse effects, influencing factors, and protection from booster vaccines remain unclear. Specifically, little is known regarding the humoral immunity and breakthrough infections associated with COVID-19 booster immunization. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, influencing factors, and protective effects of the first coronavirus disease booster vaccine 23 months before and after implementation of dynamic zero epidemic control measures among healthcare staff.

Methods

We prospectively included 389 healthcare staff members in China with negative pre-enrolment severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test results. Neutralising serum antibodies were evaluated every two months till 23 months post-booster vaccination. Breakthrough infection was recorded or confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 specific PCR testing via throat swabs from participants before and after dynamic zero epidemic control measures.

Results

At 15–30 days after vaccination, the mean concentration of the booster vaccine was 6.4 times above initial concentrations. Poorer antibody responses by booster vaccine correlated with male sex, longer post-booster duration, same-manufacturer vaccines, post-routine epidemic control measures implementation and intervals >210 days between primary and booster vaccinations. Higher breakthrough rates were associated with longer post-booster durations and post-routine epidemic control measures implementation but not associated with levels of neutralising antibodies after booster vaccination from participants. Adverse reactions were non-serious. These booster vaccine doses induced rapid, robust antibody responses, maintained for only 6–7 months.

Discussion

Neutralizing antibodies induced by breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 were weaker than those induced by the first COVID-19 booster vaccine, predicting that antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 may be very different from those of other known infectious pathogens.
Development of nucleic acid-based vaccines against dengue and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses: the past, present, and future
Authors: Bello Muhammad Bashir , Alsaadi Ahlam , Naeem Asif , Almahboub Sarah A. , Bosaeed Mohammad , Aljedani Safia S.
Published: January 2025

Due to their widespread geographic distribution and frequent outbreaks, mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as DENV (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV), are considered significant global public health threats and contribute to dramatic socioeconomic imbalances worldwide. The global prevalence of these viruses is largely driven by extensive international travels and ecological disruptions that create favorable conditions for the breeding of Aedes and Culex species, the mosquito vectors responsible for the spread of these pathogens. Currently, vaccines are available for only DENV, YFV, and JEV, but these face several challenges, including safety concerns, lengthy production processes, and logistical difficulties in distribution, especially in resource-limited regions, highlighting the urgent need for innovative vaccine approaches. Nucleic acid-based platforms, including DNA and mRNA vaccines, have emerged as promising alternatives due to their ability to elicit strong immune responses, facilitate rapid development, and support scalable manufacturing. This review provides a comprehensive update on the progress of DNA and mRNA vaccine development against mosquito-borne flaviviruses, detailing early efforts and current strategies that have produced candidates with remarkable protective efficacy and strong immunogenicity in preclinical models. Furthermore, we explore future directions for advancing nucleic acid vaccine candidates, which hold transformative potential for enhancing global public health.
Cloning and expression analysis of the glucocorticoid receptors and the effects of cortisol in sex differentiation in protogynous hermaphroditic swamp eel, Monopterus albus
Authors: Su Jialin , Sun Lei , Yang Jiaqi , Yao Weizhi , Xu Hongyan , Feng Ke
Published: January 2025

Cortisol is the major glucocorticoid, which is considered to be a key factor linking the environmental stress and sex differentiation in teleosts. In the present study, we explored the possible role of cortisol in sex differentiation in a protogynous hermaphroditic swamp eel, Monopterus albus. We cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequences of glucocorticoid receptor genes, gr1 and gr2. A novel alternative splicing variant (gr1b) was also discovered, which lacked a 27-bp nucleotide insertion in gr1, resulting in a nine-amino-acid deletion in GR1. Real-time PCR indicated that swamp eel gr1a mainly expressed in the brain; gr1b mainly in the spleen, head kidney, kidney and muscle; gr2 mainly in the muscle. During female-to-male sex reversal, the expression levels of gr1a and gr1b decreased significantly at the stage of ovotestis III, and gr2 showed a trend of increase, and increased significantly in the testis. In the brain, acute heat stress up-regulated significantly the expression of gr1a and gr1b, while had no significant effect on gr2. However, in the ovary, heat stress only up-regulated significantly the expression of gr1b at 12 h. Serum cortisol concentration increased significantly by heat stress at 1 h, and returned to normal levels at 6 and 12 h. Cortisol injection up-regulated significantly the expression levels of gr1b and gr2, while had no significant effect on gr1a in the ovary. At the same time, cortisol injection down-regulated significantly the expression of cyp19a1a, and only decreased significantly the expression of foxl2 at 6 and 12 h. Cortisol injection up-regulated significantly the expression of dmrt1a at 6, 24 and 48 h, while only increased the expression of gsdf at 6 h. The results indicate that cortisol and GRs may play roles in sex differentiation by the regulation of gonadal differentiation-related gene expression in swamp eel.
Optimization of road-building materials from industrial waste (red mud, blast furnace slag, lime production waste, and natural loams)
Authors: Aibuldinov Yelaman Kanatovich , Alzhanova Galiya Zhanzakovna , Iskakova Zhanar Baktybaevna , Abdiyussupov Gaziz Galymovich , Omirzak Madi Toktasynuly , Gazizova Aizhan Doldashevna , Vafaeva Khristina Maksudovna
Published: January 2025

The increase in industrial waste is a significant threat to the environment and economy, as most of it is non-biodegradable. The utilization of waste materials in road construction is effective in terms of recycling, economy, and ecology. The objective of the research is to investigate the potential use of four different industrial wastes – red mud (RM), blast furnace slag (BFS), lime production waste (LPW), and natural loam (NL) – as base materials in road construction. The mechanical and chemical properties of these materials were investigated through X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and axial compressive strength testing. The structural performance was also conducted for different compositions of the materials by varying ratios of these materials. The results indicate that the combination of 40% RM, 35% BFS, and 8% LPW exhibited the maximum compressive strength of 14.21 MPa after 365 days with lower linear expansion. The mineral composition analysis confirms the absence of heavy metal contaminants and hazardous compounds, which will be environmentally friendly. The findings suggest that a mixture of RM, BFS, LPW, and NL can be considered construction materials in the transportation sector.
Performance optimization of asphalt pavements using binder film thickness as a criterion in innovative mix design compared to Marshall and Superpave methods
Authors: Khan Muhammad Adeel , Khan Muhammad Salman , Nasir Bilal , Khan Asad , Sabri Mohanad Muayad Sabri , Ahmad Mahmood , Qamar Wajeeha , Gonzalez-Lezcano Roberto Alonso
Published: January 2025

The performance of asphalt pavements is significantly influenced by the mix design and the binder film thickness (BFT) around aggregates. Adjusting the proportions of binders and aggregates modifies the properties of asphalt mixtures, with different mix designs substantially impacting these properties. This study evaluates the influence of two traditional mix designs (i.e., Marshall and Superpave Gyratory Compacted) and one innovative mix design (the one using BFT as a criterion) on asphalt pavement performance Two methods, which are modifications of the Hveem Surface Area Factor method, were used to calculate the optimum BFT. The mix with 3.5% asphalt content (AC) was selected for the innovative mix design as it showed the optimal BFT. For the Marshall and Superpave mix designs, the optimum binder content was determined using the respective Marshall and Superpave Gyratory Compacted methods, yielding values of 4.3% and 4.4%, respectively. Samples were prepared from each type of mix design and then tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and a Double Wheel Tracker (DWT). Performance tests showed that the innovative mix design samples had superior rutting resistance under DWT, the Marshall samples had the highest Resilient Modulus (Mr) and moisture resistance, and the Superpave samples exhibited the best fatigue resistance, enduring the most cycles until failure in the Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT). These findings underscore the importance of considering BFT as a critical mix design criterion, demonstrating its significant potential to enhance the overall performance and durability of asphalt pavements.
A positive relationship between weight-adjusted waist index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study on US adolescents
Authors: Cui Xiaoling , Huang Yize , Kang Luyang , Han Lianxiu , Sun Weijie , Han Kexing , Gao Yufeng
Published: January 2025

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition in children, underscoring the urgent need for non-invasive markers for early detection in this population.

Methods

We utilized survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 regarding liver ultrasound transient elastography (LUTE) for the diagnosis of NAFLD (dependent variable), and used multiple logistic regression models to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) and the prevalence of NAFLD in US adolescents. Smoothing curves and threshold effect analyses were used to assess the non-linear association between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Subgroup analysis was conducted to pinpoint particularly susceptible subgroups within our study cohort of 1,711 participants.

Results

Our findings indicated a positive correlation between WWI and NAFLD scores. Adjusting for all covariates revealed a significant association between increased WWI and the presence of NAFLD, with an odds ratio of 3.37 (95% CI: 2.74, 4.15). This association proved stronger than those observed with waist circumference, body mass index, and NAFLD. Stratifying WWI into quartiles showed a clear and strong positive correlation (P for trend < 0.0001). The results of smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis showed a non-linear relationship between WWI and NAFLD (LLR < 0.001). Notably, for WWI values below 10.65, a significant correlation was observed (OR = 5.25, 95% CI: 3.77,7.31). Additionally, our subgroup analysis revealed that WWI and NAFLD were associated more positively among male participants aged 16 years and older.

Conclusion

WWI is positively correlated with NAFLD in American adolescents and offers a straightforward and cost-effective method for identifying hepatic steatosis. The findings highlight the importance of focusing on individuals with a WWI below 10.65, where the risk of NAFLD increases. Priority should be given to the male adolescent population aged 16 and above.
Circulating visfatin concentrations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aboutaleb Nahid , Moradi Alireza , Mirshekari Jahangiri Hamzeh , Aslani Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

Objective

The current study was designed with the aim of conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the circulating levels of visfatin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to healthy individuals.

Methods

Until March 2024, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus databases. The analysis included case–control studies assessing the association between circulating visfatin and COPD. The random effects model was utilized to analyse the results with the help of Standard Mean of Differences (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity of the data was assessed using Cochrane Q and I2 values.

Results

Seven studies were eligible to be included in the meta-analysis, with the COPD and healthy (control) groups having 265 and 244 subjects, respectively. The pooled results showed that although the circulating concentration of visfatin was lower in patients with COPD, no significant difference was observed (SMD: −0.48 mg/L; 95% CI: −1.67 to 0.70; p = 0.43). Subgroup analysis revealed that visfatin levels were significantly reduced in FEV1 less than 50% (p < 0.001) and in GOLD grade I-II (p < 0.05). Visfatin was shown to be significantly associated with IL-6 (p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) in the correlation meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the pooled SMD visfatin and pooled SMD age (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.001), FEV1 (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings showed an insignificant decline in visfatin level among COPD patients, but additional research is necessary due to the heterogeneity in study results.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO (CRD42023450851), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023450851.
Association between nurse turnover and missed nursing care in acute care hospitals in South Korea
Authors: Bae Sung-Heui
Published: January 2025

Objectives

High nurse turnover during nursing shortages can contribute to missed nursing care. This study investigated the prevalence of missed nursing care and how nurse turnover affects missed nursing care.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was adopted to collect data from a convenience sample of nurses working in general hospitals in South Korea. Six-month turnover rates (0%, 1–14%, 15–22%, and 23–50%) and 24 missed nursing care activities were measured. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between nurse turnover and missed nursing care, after controlling for nurse and work-related characteristics.

Results

The final sample was 264 nurses. The mean six-month turnover rate was 15.49%. Seven activities (turning patient every 2 h, attending interdisciplinary care conference, ambulation, patient bathing/skin care, emotional support, mouth care, full documentation) had a missed care prevalence of 30% or higher. Nurses in units with moderate turnover rates (15 and 22%) reported more missed nursing care than those in units with zero turnover.

Conclusion

Nurse turnover increases missed nursing care, highlighting the adverse effects of nurse turnover on care processes. Consequently, hospitals and governments should implement policy changes and strategies to prevent nurse turnover.
Removal of an incarcerated intrauterine device reaching the serosal surface of the uterus by hysteroscopy alone: a case report
Authors: You Min , Chen Qin-Fang , Lu Hai-Qian
Published: January 2025

Background

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a widely used long-term contraceptive device for family planning. However, the IUD can lead to various complications. Severe complications and remedial measures caused by IUDs have been reported in the literature; however, detailed surgical approaches for safely removing the IUD within the minimum surgical range have rarely been described especially in postmenopausal women. Therefore, this article aims to share our surgical experience in removing an IUD that had reached the serosal surface of the uterus using hysteroscopy alone after menopause to provide new clinical ideas.

Case introduction

We report the case of a 63-year-old Chinese patient with a 12-year history of menopause. She had an IUD placed after an abortion more than 30 years ago. She came to the hospital because of occasional a small amount of unprovoked vaginal bleeding, the preoperative examination suggested an embedded IUD that appeared to have reached the serosal surface of the uterus. The IUD was not visible during hysteroscopic surgery because of uterine adhesions. Microscissors were employed to cut along the white adhesion band, revealing a faintly visible metal wire. We successfully removed the IUD using hysteroscopy only. The patient has recovered well after surgery and has been in good health for more than 5 months, with no complaints of abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding.

Conclusion

This case suggests that hysteroscopic exploration can be performed in patients whose preoperative examination indicates that the IUD has reached or protrudes from the serosal surface of the uterus. If necessary, laparoscopic or open surgery can be performed. For patients whose IUD is not visible in the uterine cavity, preoperative imaging can help assess the thickness of the uterine myometrium and the distance to the serosal surface. Intraoperatively, scissors can cut through tissue or adhesions, and instruments can measure the separation distance or visualize the device within the adhesions. In addition, it is crucial to know the patient’s expectations, assess the pros and cons, and discontinue the procedure if necessary.
Systemic inflammation response index association with gout in hyperuricemic adults: NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Tian Xiaochan , Zeng Guixing , Wei Junping
Published: January 2025

Background

Hyperuricemia is the underlying condition of gout. Previous studies have indicated that specific strategies may be effective in preventing the progression of hyperuricemia to gout. However, there is a lack of widely applicable methods for identifying high-risk populations for gout. Gout is linked to inflammation, especially in the hyperuricemic population. Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is a novel method for evaluating an individual’s systemic inflammatory activity. However, the association between SIRI and gout in the hyperuricemic population has not been studied.

Methods

The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018.SIRI was log2-transformed before analysis. Multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting were employed to comprehensively evaluate the correlation between SIRI and gout prevalence in the hyperuricemic population. Additionally, we compared SIRI with other inflammatory markers.

Result

A total of 6,732 hyperuricemic patients were included, of which 3,764 were men. After adjusting for all covariates, SIRI was found to be significantly positively correlated with gout prevalence in the female group ([OR = 1.385, 95% CI (1.187, 1.615), p < 0.001]), and its diagnostic performance was superior to other inflammatory markers. In the male group, the correlation between log2-SIRI and gout prevalence was not significant ([OR = 0.994, 95% CI (0.892, 1.108), p = 0.916]). But there were significant positive correlations in the 20–45 age group ([OR = 1.362, 95% CI (1.021, 1.818), p = 0.036]). Subgroup analyses revealed that the results were largely consistent when the individuals were divided into different subgroups (FDR adjusted p for interaction >0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) has potential as a predictive marker for gout risk in hyperuricemic women. However, given the higher gout prevalence in men, the potential of SIRI as a predictive marker for gout risk in this population may be limited. Subgroup analyses, however, indicated that the relationship between SIRI and gout prevalence, as well as its statistical significance, varied across different age groups. Future research could further explore this association by investigating the relationship between SIRI and gout prevalence in different age cohorts.
Gaps in the ethical governance of pharmaceutical clinical trials in Europe
Authors: Bernabe Rosemarie D. L. C. , Dawkins-Cox Shereen A. , Gispen-de Wied Christine C.
Published: January 2025

The ethical governance of pharmaceutical clinical trials in Europe, particularly under Regulation 536/2014, is intended to ensure the safety, rights, and well-being of participants. Despite this regulatory framework, significant gaps in ethical oversight remain. This paper identifies five key deficiencies: (1) European regulations only partially address ethical imperatives set by international guidelines, thereby restricting the ethical mandate of relevant entities; (2) the role of research ethics committees is largely limited to pre-approval activities, reducing continuous oversight during trials; (3) GCP inspectors operate within a narrow scope regarding ethical oversight, which limits their ability to identify a broad range of unethical practices; (4) there is insufficient transparency and collaboration between RECs and regulators, specifically GCP inspectorates, leading to fragmented oversight; and (5) there is minimal integration of ethical findings into the marketing authorization decision process by entities such as clinical assessors and the CHMP. To bridge these gaps, the paper suggests a shift from a prospective ethics review to a comprehensive end-to-end model of ethical governance.
Case report: Transmuscular migration of a solid encircling silicone band through all four rectus muscles
Authors: Gu Ruiping , Wu Kaicheng , Jiang Chunhui
Published: January 2025

Purpose

We present a case of transmuscular migration of a solid encircling silicone band through all four rectus muscles.

Observations

A 33-year-old male with high myopia presented with a progressively worsening subclinical peripheral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in his left eye. An encircling silicone band (#240) was placed anterior to the equator, and 5-0 polyester sutures (Ethicon, Inc.) were used to secure the band at all four quadrants. Six months later, the encircling band and suture knots were visible under the bulb conjunctiva, close to the limbus in all four quadrants. One and a half years after the retinal detachment surgery, the encircling band was removed because of a mild foreign body sensation. During that surgery, it was noted that the encircling band was located anterior to the insertion of all four rectus muscles. Throughout the entire follow-up period, the position and movement of the left eye remained normal.

Conclusion and importance

A deep and long bite of the sclera should be used to secure the silicone band, especially in cases of high myopia and when the band is placed anterior to the equator. Even if the encircling silicone band cheese wire through the four rectus muscles, ocular motility may still remain normal.
Case report: A case of severe lower limb necrotizing fasciitis caused by an insulin injection has been reported
Authors: Ma Yang , Tang Jinshuo , Wang Fei , Liu Enbo , Zuo Jianlin
Published: January 2025

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but life-threatening soft tissue infection, often accompanied by severe systemic toxicity. Early detection and prompt treatment are critical for survival. We report a case of NF in a 53-year-old diabetic woman following a subcutaneous insulin injection in the thigh. The patient presented with severe local pain as the initial symptom, and Escherichia coli was the sole isolated pathogen, which is seldom reported in the current literature. We combined with existing literature and clinical manifestations observed in NF patients at our hospital, offer valuable guidance for clinicians in recognizing and responding to NF.
Novel target and cofactor repertoire for the transcriptional regulator JTY_0672 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Xiaotian , Wang Shuxian , Fang Ren , Xing Jiayin , Wu Ruiying , Zhang Chunhui , Li Zhaoli , Song Ningning
Published: January 2025

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogenic agent of tuberculosis (TB). Intracellular survival plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Mtb in a manner that is dependent on an array of transcriptional regulators for Mtb. However, the functionality of JTY_0672, a member of the TetR family of transcriptional regulators, remains unknown. In this study, EMSA, BIL, ChlP-PCR and animal models were used to investigate the regulation function of this protein. We found that the transcriptional regulator JTY_0672 is a broad-spectrum transcriptional regulatory protein and can directly regulate JTY_3148, both in vitro and in vivo. Cofactors containing VB1, VB3, VB6, VC, His, Cys, Asp, Glu, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Li+ were found to inhibit binding between JTY_0672 and the promoter of JTY_3148. JTY_0672 enhanced TAG production and increased Isoniazid (INH) resistance. Besides, this protein either promoted recalcitrance to the host immune response and induced pathological injury and inflammation. In summary, this research identified new targets and cofactors of JTY_0672 and deciphered the physiological functionality of JTY_0672. Our findings will provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the Mtb transcriptional regulatory mechanism.
Dissemination of clinical Escherichia coli harboring the mcr-1 gene in Pakistan
Authors: Abdullah Sabahat , Mushtaq Muhammad Ahmad , Ullah Kalim , Hassan Brekhna , Azam Mariya , Zahoor Muhammad Asif , Wang Juan , Xu Jianzhen , Toleman Mark A. , Mohsin Mashkoor
Published: January 2025

Background

Colistin is an antibiotic used as a last resort to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistant (mcr) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) are disseminated globally and are considered to be a major public health threat. This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in clinical settings in Pakistan.

Methods

A total of 240 clinical E. coli strains isolated from urine and pus cultures were collected from two hospitals in Faisalabad and analyzed for phenotypic resistance to colistin by cultivation on CHROMagar plates supplemented with colistin 2 ug/ml. Molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant isolates were analyzed using conventional PCR, whole genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis.

Results

PCR and whole genome analysis confirmed the presence of the mcr-1 gene in 10 E. coli isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration for colistin ranged from 4 ug/ml to 32 ug/ml. ResFinder analysis revealed the presence of multiple resistance determinants conferring co-resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracycline, quinolones, florfenicol, and macrolides. Hybrid genomic assembly indicated that mcr-1 is carried on IncI2 plasmids. Plasmid replicon typing indicated that IncI2-type plasmids (n = 10) were the most prevalent plasmids in these strains, followed by IncFIB (n = 8), IncFIC (n = 7), IncFIA (n = 6), IncFII (4), IncQ1 (n = 3), IncI1 (n = 1), IncY (n = 1), and IncN (n = 1). The Achtman MLST typing scheme revealed a large diversity of STs among the mcr-1-positive E. coli. VirulenceFinder analysis revealed the presence of numerous virulence factors ranging from 4 to 19.

Conclusion

Our study revealed the emergence and dissemination of colistin-resistant E. coli isolates carrying mcr-1 in hospital settings, posing a potential risk to anti-infective therapy. More efforts should be taken to monitor the prevalence of mcr-1-carrying bacteria in Pakistan.
Fish gut microbiome and its application in aquaculture and biological conservation
Authors: Kanika Nusrat Hasan , Liaqat Nusrat , Chen Huifan , Ke Jing , Lu Guoqing , Wang Jun , Wang Chenghui
Published: January 2025

Understanding the diversity and function of fish gut microbiomes has advanced substantially, yet many aspects remain poorly understood, particularly the interplay among microbiota, host species, and environmental factors in the context of conservation. This review explores the composition and abundance of gut bacterial communities in key aquaculture fish groups—cyprinids, ictalurids (catfish), salmonids, and cichlids (tilapia)—alongside the model organism zebrafish, across diverse geographic regions. The findings highlight environmental habitats and host species as primary determinants of gut microbiome structure, offering a global perspective on these microbial communities. Across all fish groups, the phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria consistently dominated, while temperate, sub-equatorial, and sub-tropical regions exhibited the highest microbiome diversity, underscoring the contribution of taxonomic and environmental factors. The gut bacterial diversity of farm-raised fish shows a significant divergence from that of wild-caught fish, reflecting the impacts of ecological and management differences. Understanding the dynamic responses of fish gut microbiota is vital for guiding conservation efforts, safeguarding aquatic biodiversity, and advancing sustainable aquaculture practices. Future research should leverage innovative techniques and integrative approaches, both experimental and theoretical, to uncover the functional roles of microbiomes and predict their responses to environmental changes. Expanding geographic and taxonomic coverage will be critical for creating a comprehensive framework to inform global aquaculture and conservation strategies. Collectively, this perspective highlights the transformative potential of microbiome research in addressing global challenges in aquaculture and conservation biology.
Comparative analysis of anticoagulant influence on PMI estimation based on porcine blood metabolomics profile measured using GC-MS
Authors: Mojsak Patrycja , Samczuk Paulina , Klimaszewska Paulina , Burdukiewicz Michal , Chilimoniuk Jaroslaw , Grzesiak Krystyna , Pietrowska Karolina , Ciborowska Justyna , Niemcunowicz-Janica Anna , Kretowski Adam , Ciborowski Michal , Szeremeta Michal
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation is essential in forensic investigations. Although various methods for PMI determination have been developed, only an approximate estimation is still achievable, and an accurate PMI indication is still challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics to assess post-mortem changes in porcine blood samples collected with and without the addition of anticoagulant (EDTA). Our study aimed to identify metabolites dependent on the EDTA addition and time (taking into account the biodiversity of the studied organism) and those that are time−dependent but resistant to the addition of an anticoagulant.

Methods

The experiment was performed on blood samples collected from 16 animals (domestic pig, breed: Polish Large White), 8 with and 8 without EDTA addition. The moment of death (time 0) and 15 additional time points (from 3 to 168 h after death) were selected to examine changes in metabolites’ levels in specific time intervals. We employed linear mixed models to study the relationship between metabolite intensities, time and presence of EDTA while accounting for the effect of individual pigs.

Results and Discussion

We confirmed that the intensity of 16 metabolites (mainly amino acids) significantly depends on PMI and the presence of EDTA. However, the intensity of the ideal biomarker(s) for PMI estimation should be determined only by the time after death and not by external factors such as the presence of the anticoagulant agent. Thus, we identified 41 metabolites with time−dependent intensities that were not susceptible to EDTA presence. Finally, we assessed the performance of these metabolites in a PMI predictive model. Citraconic acid yielded one of the lowest errors in general PMI estimation (32.82 h). Moreover, similar errors were observed for samples with and without EDTA (33.32 h and 32.34 h, respectively). Although the small sample size and information leak in predictive modelling prevent drawing definite conclusions, citraconic acid shows potential as a robust PMI estimator.
Review of cancer cell volatile organic compounds: their metabolism and evolution
Authors: Furuhashi Takeshi , Toda Kanako , Weckwerth Wolfram
Published: January 2025

Cancer is ranked as the top cause of premature mortality. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced from catalytic peroxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have become a highly attractive non-invasive cancer screening approach. For future clinical applications, however, the correlation between cancer hallmarks and cancer-specific VOCs requires further study. This review discusses and compares cellular metabolism, signal transduction as well as mitochondrial metabolite translocation in view of cancer evolution and the basic biology of VOCs production. Certain cancerous characteristics as well as the origin of the ROS removal system date back to procaryotes and early eukaryotes and share commonalities with non-cancerous proliferative cells. This calls for future studies on metabolic cross talks and regulation of the VOCs production pathway.
Toward sustainable industrialization in Africa: the potential of additive manufacturing – an overview
Authors: Klenam Desmond , Asumadu Tabiri , Bodunrin Michael , Obiko Japheth , Genga Rodney , Maape Sechaba , McBagonluri Fred , Soboyejo Wole
Published: January 2025

The integration of sustainable additive manufacturing (AM) within the framework of African industrialization presents a promising avenue for economic advancement while addressing environmental concerns. This review explores the convergence of sustainable AM practices with the industrial landscape of Africa, highlighting potential benefits and challenges. Through efficient resource utilization and localized production capabilities, AM holds promise for enhancing industrial resilience, stimulating employment opportunities, and fostering innovation. However, the realization of these benefits necessitates navigating infrastructural limitations, technological disparities, and regulatory complexities. By critically examining sustainable AM strategies and their relevance to African contexts, this review aims to delineate actionable pathways for leveraging the transformative potential of AM. The role of AM in industrialization as expressed in the African Union Agenda 2063 are highlighted. This has the potential to increase the staggering ∼11% contribution of manufacturing to gross domestic product of Africa. Collaboration through the triple helix approach focusing on government, industry and academia is highly pivotal for the success of such nascent and ubiquitous AM technology which is able to address the sustainable development goals. Africa can leapfrog and harness sustainable AM as a catalyst for inclusive industrial development and sustainable growth across the continent. The implications of AM for an industrialised Africa and areas for future research direction are briefly discussed.
Inclusion of hypocretin-1 improved performance of poor sleep quality prediction for elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Ting , Zhang Weiwei , Guo Rongrong , He Shuang , Yu Saiying , Wang Huiying , Zhang Yunfeng , Wu Ying
Published: January 2025

Background

Hypocretin-1 is a vital neurotransmitter in regulating the sleep–wake cycle and provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. We aims to develop a poor sleep quality predictive model for elderly population with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

A total of 183 consecutively elderly patients were included in the prospective cohort study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken within 24 h of acute ischemic stroke onset. After selecting optimal predictors via univariate analysis and bootstrapped stepwise logistic regression, the predictive model was developed. The models were internally validated and evaluated comprehensively via discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.

Results

The prevalence of poor sleep (PSQI >7) was 64.5% among elderly individuals experiencing acute ischemic stroke. The study developed a predictive model using hypocretin-1, hypertension, stroke history, the National Institutes of Health Stroke score, and depression. Adding hypocretin-1 (as continuous variable) significantly improved the model performance greatly, as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.799 to 0.845 (p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for hypocretin-1 was 74.94 pg/mL. Adding hypocretin-1 (as binary variable) significantly improved the model performance greatly, as the AUC increased from 0.799 to 0.857 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of hypocretin-1 at admission were an independent poor sleep quality predictor and the model demonstrated superior performance. The combination of hypocretin-1 could offer valuable prognostic information for post-stroke sleep quality in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for patients with walking difficulties caused by cerebral small vessel disease: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Xu Qiaoqiao , Yin Wenwen , Zhou Xia , Wang Shuo , Chen Sishi , Yang Jiajia , Xi Chunhua , Sun Zhongwu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a chronic systemic degenerative disease affecting small blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive impairments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that applies low electrical currents to the scalp, shows promise in treating cognitive and movement disorders. However, further clinical evaluation is required to assess the long-term effects of tDCS on neuroplasticity and gait in patients with CSVD. We investigated the effects of long-term, repeated tDCS on local brain perfusion, network connectivity, cognition, and gait in patients with CSVD and gait disorders (CSVD-GD).

Methods

This prospective, single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled study enrolled 66 patients with CSVD-GD, categorized into the tDCS and Sham groups. Imaging and gait characteristic data were collected over three periods using magnetic resonance imaging and a gait analyzer, along with neuropsychological assessments.

Results

Among 156 volunteers with CSVD-GD, 66 participated in this study, with 60 completing the entire process. Compared to the Sham group, the tDCS group exhibited a more pronounced increase in the cerebral blood flow to the dural cerebrospinal fluid ratio in regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus (P < 0.05, FDR corrected), along with significantly greater improvements in gait speed and stride length. Tolerance to tDCS was good, with no difference in adverse reactions between the groups, except for a scalp burning sensation reported during the 1st week (24.24% and 6.06% in the tDCS and Sham groups, respectively; P = 0.003).

Discussion

Long-term tDCS is effective and safe for improving neuroplasticity and gait cognition in patients with CSVD.
Acute aerobic exercise enhances associative learning in regular exercisers but not in non-regular exercisers
Authors: Gultig Kayleigh D. , Boele Cornelis P. , Roggeveen Lotte E. M. , Soong Ting Fang , Koekkoek Sebastiaan K. E. , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Boele Henk-Jan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Physical exercise has repeatedly been reported to have advantageous effects on brain functions, including learning and memory formation. However, objective tools to measure such effects are often lacking. Eyeblink conditioning is a well-characterized method for studying the neural basis of associative learning. As such, this paradigm has potential as a tool to assess to what extent exercise affects one of the most basic forms of learning. Until recently, however, using this paradigm for testing human subjects in their daily life was technically challenging. As a consequence, no studies have investigated how exercise affects eyeblink conditioning in humans. Here we hypothesize that acute aerobic exercise is associated with improved performance in eyeblink conditioning. Furthermore, we explored whether the effects of exercise differed for people engaging in regular exercise versus those who were not.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study using a smartphone-based platform for conducting neurometric eyeblink conditioning in healthy adults aged between 18 and 40 years (n = 36). Groups were matched on age, sex, and education level. Our primary outcome measures included the amplitude and timing of conditioned eyelid responses over the course of eyeblink training. As a secondary measure, we studied the amplitude of the unconditioned responses.

Results

Acute exercise significantly enhanced the acquisition of conditioned eyelid responses; however, this effect was only true for regularly exercising individuals. No statistically significant effects were established for timing of the conditioned responses and amplitude of the unconditioned responses.

Discussion

This study highlights a facilitative role of acute aerobic exercise in associative learning and emphasizes the importance of accounting for long-term exercise habits when investigating the acute effects of exercise on brain functioning.
Meta-narrative review: the impact of music therapy on sleep and future research directions
Authors: Gou Qiaoqiao , Li Meihui , Wang Xiaoyu , Yuan Xinran , Yang Mingyi , Li Junrui , Wang Bo , Yang Dan , Ren Xiubo , Yang Miaomiao , Liu Siqi , Liu Ningning , Han Jiaqi , Xu Qiujian
Published: January 2025

Sleep is essential to human health, yet 27% of the global population suffers from sleep issues, which often lead to fatigue, depression, and impaired cognitive function. While pharmacological treatments exist, non-pharmacological approaches like music therapy have shown promise in enhancing sleep quality. This review, analyzing 27 studies with various experimental paradigms, confirms that music therapy significantly improves subjective sleep quality, largely by alleviating anxiety and regulating mood through perceptual pathways. However, the effects on objective sleep measures remain inconclusive, suggesting that individual differences may play a significant role. Future research should focus on refining intervention designs that integrate both subjective and objective sleep assessments to better elucidate the physiological and psychological mechanisms of music therapy. Key recommendations include personalized music selection, development of age-appropriate interventions, and minimization of external interferences to maximize therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, incorporating variables like psychological status, lifestyle, and environmental factors may offer a more comprehensive understanding of music therapy’s long-term adaptability and effectiveness for diverse populations. This review offers critical research directions and practical support for future applications of music therapy in sleep health.
Prediction of clinical efficacy of acupuncture intervention on upper limb dysfunction after ischemic stroke based on machine learning: a study driven by DSA diagnostic reports data
Authors: Liu Yaning , Tang Yuqi , Li Zechen , Yu Pei , Yuan Jing , Zeng Lichuan , Wang Can , Li Su , Zhao Ling
Published: January 2025

Objective

To develop a machine learning-based model for predicting the clinical efficacy of acupuncture intervention in patients with upper limb dysfunction following ischemic stroke, and to assess its potential role in guiding clinical practice.

Methods

Data from 1,375 ischemic stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction were collected from two hospitals, including medical records and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) reports. All patients received standardized acupuncture treatment. After screening, 616 datasets were selected for analysis. A prediction model was developed using the AutoGluon framework, with three outcome measures as endpoints: the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI).

Results

The prediction model demonstrated high accuracy for the three endpoints, with prediction accuracies of 84.3% for NIHSS, 77.8% for FMA-UE, and 88.1% for MBI. Feature importance analysis identified the M1 segment of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), the origin of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA), and the C1 segment of the ICA as the most critical factors influencing the model’s predictions. Notably, the MBI emerged as the most sensitive outcome measure for evaluating patient response to acupuncture treatment. Additionally, secondary analysis revealed that the number of sites with cerebral vascular stenosis (specifically 1 and 3 sites) had a significant impact on the final model’s predictions.

Conclusion

This study highlights the M1 segment, the origin of the ICA, and the C1 segment as key stenotic sites affecting acupuncture treatment efficacy in stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction. The MBI was found to be the most responsive outcome measure for evaluating treatment sensitivity in this cohort.
Molecular profiling of frontal and occipital subcortical white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Malla Sulochan , Bryant Annie G. , Jayakumar Rojashree , Woost Benjamin , Wolf Nina , Li Andrew , Das Sudeshna , van Veluw Susanne J. , Bennett Rachel E.
Published: January 2025

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are commonly detected on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, occurring in both typical aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite their frequent appearance and their association with cognitive decline in AD, the molecular factors contributing to WMHs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of two commonly affected brain regions with coincident AD pathology—frontal subcortical white matter (frontal-WM) and occipital subcortical white matter (occipital-WM)—and compared with age-matched cognitively intact controls. Through RNA-sequencing in frontal- and occipital-WM bulk tissues, we identified an upregulation of genes associated with brain vasculature function in AD white matter. To further elucidate vasculature-specific transcriptomic features, we performed RNA-seq analysis on blood vessels isolated from these white matter regions, which revealed an upregulation of genes related to protein folding pathways. Finally, comparing gene expression profiles between AD individuals with high- versus low-WMH burden showed an increased expression of pathways associated with immune function. Taken together, our study characterizes the diverse molecular profiles of white matter changes in AD and provides mechanistic insights into the processes underlying AD-related WMHs.