bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Forecast Visualizations on Pandemic Risk Perceptions
Authors: Padilla Lace , Hosseinpour Helia , Fygenson Racquel , Howell Jennifer , Chunara Rumi , Bertini Enrico
Published: September 2021

People worldwide use SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) visualizations to make life and death decisions about pandemic risks. Understanding how COVID-19 visualizations influence risk perceptions to improve pandemic communication is crucial. To examine how COVID-19 visualizations influence risk perception, we conducted two experiments (N = 2,549) during the height of COVID-19 where we presented participants with 34 visualizations from the CDC of the same COVID-19 mortality data. We found that visualizing data using a cumulative scale consistently led to participants believing that they and others were at more risk than before viewing the visualizations. In contrast, visualizing the same data with a weekly incident scale led to variable changes in risk perceptions. Further, uncertainty forecast visualizations also affected risk perceptions, with visualizations showing six or more models increasing risk estimates more than the others tested. Differences between COVID-19 visualizations of the same data produce different risk perceptions, fundamentally changing viewers' interpretation of information.
Tissue expansion of ‘cleared’ whole brains reduces contrast in ex vivo MRI
Authors: Oz Shimrit , Saar Galit , Olszakier Shunit , Heinrich Ronit , Kompanets Mykhail , Berlin Shai
Published: September 2021

Multimodal imaging of optically-cleared brains, ex vivo, by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and light microscopy (LM) presents unique opportunities for studying the brain at various scales and resolutions. However, CLARITY -cleared brains lack MRI contrast, implicating lipids as the major source of MRI contrast. We explored the ex vivo MRI compatibility of uDISCO, ECi and Scale -cleared brains. Surprisingly, uDISCO and ECi -cleared brains retain MRI contrast, whereas Scale-cleared brains show a severe loss of MRI contrast, as CLARITY. Determination of lipid-content in cleared samples shows that CLARITY, uDISCO and ECi are strongly delipidating, whereas Scale preserves most lipids. We conclude that MRI contrast can be associated with tissue expansion (and hyperhydration) rather than with lipid-content. Thus, we present two clearing methods compatible with ex vivo MRI.
Biodegradable Nanoparticles Combining Cancer Cell Targeting and Anti-Angiogenic Activity for Synergistic Chemotherapy in Epithelial Cancer
Authors: moret Francesca , Conte Claudia , Esposito Diletta , Poggetto Giovanni Dal , Avitabile Concetta , Ungaro Francesca , TIso Natascia , Romanelli Alessandra , Laurienzo Paola , Reddi Elena , Quaglia Fabiana
Published: September 2021

A biodegradable engineered nanoplatform combining anti-angiogenic activity and targeting of cancer cells to improve the anticancer activity of docetaxel (DTX) is here proposed. Indeed, we have developed biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone), exposing on the surface both folate motifs (Fol) for recognition in cells overexpressing Folate Receptor- a (FRa) and the anti-angiogenic hexapeptide aFLT1. The presence of Fol on NPs did not impair the anti-angiogenic activity of aFLT1, as assessed by in vitro tube formation assay in HUVEC endothelial cells. In both 2D and 3D KB cell cultures in vitro , the cytotoxicity of DTX loaded in NPs was not significantly affected by Fol/aFLT1 double decoration as compared to free DTX. Remarkably, NPs distributed differently in 3D multicellular spheroids of FRa-positive KB cancer cells depending on the type of ligand displayed on the surface. When tested in vivo in zebrafish embryos xenografted with KB cells, NPs displaying Fol/aFLT1 reduced DTX systemic toxicity and inhibited in a synergistic way the growth of the tumor mass and associated vasculature. Overall, nanotechnology offers excellent ground for combining therapeutic concepts in cancer, paving the way to the development of novel multifunctional nanopharmaceuticals where surface decoration with bioactive elements can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes.
Observation of an exotic narrow doubly charmed tetraquark
Authors: Belyaev Ivan
Published: September 2021

Conventional hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and quark-antiquark pairs, respectively. The observation of a new type of hadronic state, a doubly charmed tetraquark containing two charm quarks, an anti-u and an anti-d quark, is reported using data collected by the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This exotic state with a mass of about 3875 MeV/c 2 manifests itself as a narrow peak in the mass spectrum of D0D0π + mesons just below the D∗+D0 mass threshold. The near-threshold mass together with a strikingly narrow width reveals the resonance nature of the state.
Switchable deep eutectic solvent driven micellar extractive fermentation of ultrapure fibrin digesting enzyme from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Muniasamy Ramya , Rathnasamy Senthilkumar
Published: September 2021

Fibrinolytic protease (FLP) is a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of thrombolytic diseases. The present study proposed the concept of pH-driven swappable micellar two-phase extraction for the concurrent production and purification of FLP from Bacillus subtilis at cloud point extraction. Extractive fermentation was carried out with a pH swap mechanism, and FLP was extracted to the top phase by surfactant deep eutectic solvents (SADES). Shrimp waste was chosen as a sustainable low-cost substrate that yielded a maximum protease of 185 U/mg. Six SDESs were synthesized with nonionic surfactants as hydrogen bond donors and quaternary ammonium salts as hydrogen bond acceptors, and their association was confirmed by H1 NMR. Thermophysical investigation of the synthetic SADES was accomplished as a function of temperature. Response surface methodology for extractive fermentation was performed with the concentration of SADES (35% w/v), Na2SO4 (15% w/v) and pH (6.3) as variables and the enzyme activity (248 IU/mg) as a response. Furthermore, purification using gel filtration chromatography was used to quantify the amount of enzyme obtained in the extraction phase (849 IU/ml). After final purification with an anion exchange column, the maximum purity fold (22.32) with enzyme activity (1172 IU/ml) was achieved. The in vitro fibrinolytic activity was confirmed using a fibrin plate assay.
Pulmonary granuloma is not always the tuberculosis hallmark: pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in New and Old World Nonhuman Primates naturally infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
Authors: Pereira Asheley H. B. , Lopes Claudia A. A. , Pissinatti Thalita A. , Pinto Ana C. A. , Oliveira Daniel R. A. , Leal Gabriel M. , Oliveira Luiz C. M. , Redner Paulo , Barbosa Bruna E. P. , Moreira Silvia B. , Pissinatti Alcides , Maruyama Fernanda H. , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria , Ubiali Daniel G.
Published: September 2021

Herein we present the pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in Old and New World monkeys kept under human care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Fifteen nonhuman primates from five different colonies were incorporated into the study. There are 60% (9/15) Old World Monkeys and 40% (6/15) New World Monkeys. According to the gross and histopathologic findings, the lesions in nonhuman primates of this study are classified into the chronic-active, extrapulmonary, early-activation or latent-reactivation tuberculosis stage. Among the Old World Monkey, 66.7% (6/9) of nonhuman primates, all rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), showed severe granulomatous pneumonia. In all Old World Monkeys cases, typical granulomas were seen in at least one organ regardless of the stage of the disease. In the New World Monkeys, the typical pulmonary granulomas were seen in 16.7% (1/6) of the cases, just in the latent-reactivation stage in Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki (Chiropotes utahickae). In this study, 66.7% (6/9) of Old World Monkeys (OWM) and 83.3% (5/6) of New World Monkeys (NWM) showed pulmonary changes at the histological evaluation. The tuberculosis diagnosis in the nonhuman primates in this study was based on pathological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and bacteriological culture. Although the typical presentation was observed in some cases, the absence of pulmonary granuloma did not exclude the tuberculosis occurrence in nonhuman primates of the Old and New World. Tuberculosis should be included as a cause of interstitial pneumonia with foamy macrophages infiltration in the New World nonhuman primates. Due to the high sensitivity of immunohistochemistry with Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we suggest the addition of this technique as a diagnostic tool of tuberculosis in the nonhuman primates even when the typical changes are not seen.
A super-efficient and biosafe hemostatic cotton gauze with controlled balance of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and tissue adhesiveness
Authors: He Huaying , Zhou Weikang , Gao Jing , Wang Fan , Wang Shaobing , Fang Yan , Gao Yang , Chen Wei , Zhang Wen , Weng Yunxiang , Wang Zhengchao , Liu Haiqing
Published: September 2021

Cotton gauze is a widely used topical hemostatic material for bleeding control in military and civil accidents and surgical operations, but its high blood absorption capacity tends to cause extra blood loss of the wounded person, which may increase the risk of shock and death. Therefore, development of rapid hemostatic cotton gauze with less blood loss is of great significance. Herein, we prepared a super-efficient hemostatic cotton gauze whose surface was slightly modified with a catechol compound which features a flexible long hydrophobic alkyl chain terminated with a catechol group. Its hemostatic performance in rat and pig injury models was far superior to standard cotton gauze and Combat GauzeTM. The latter is a well-known commercial gauze for controlling massive hemorrhaging. Additionally, after stoppage of bleeding, the wound sites hardly re-bleed upon the gauze was peeled off. Histological analysis proved that the novel cotton gauze well kept the biosafety of cotton gauze. Interestingly, a similar impressive hemostatic performance was also achieved for chitosan nonwoven gauze modified with the same procedure. Density functional theory calculation and instrumental measurements demonstrate that their extraordinary hemostatic capability is attributable to the highly efficient formation of big and thick primary blood clot made of massive aggregated erythrocytes, due to gauze’s effective controlling of blood movement through its blocking effect from tissue adhesion by catechol, platelet activation by cotton fiber, blood absorption by cotton, and hydrophobic effect from long alkyl chain. The methodology and hemostatic mechanisms presented in this work may open a new avenue for developing highly efficient hemostatic gauzes.
Reversing treatment from surgical orthodontics to camouflage therapy: a four-year follow-up
Authors: Oliveira Dauro Douglas , Silveira Giordani Santos , da Matta Cid Pinto Larissa Salgado , Oliveira Bruno Franco , Pantuzo Mariele Cristina Garcia
Published: September 2021

Patients in active treatment and transferred to another orthodontic clinic may present a difficult challenge for the receiving orthodontist. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate and discuss the orthodontic therapy of a 35-year-old male who had been prepared for orthognathic surgery, transferred to a different clinic and whose treatment was revised to involve orthodontic camouflage. A reflection of the difficulties in managing transferred patients is offered, and the consequences of changing the original treatment plan and handling the patient’s expectations are explained.
Evaluation of treatment risks and the quality of information contained within the websites of specialist orthodontists
Authors: Meade Maurice J. , Dreyer Craig W.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To evaluate the treatment risks and the quality of information contained within the websites of specialist orthodontists in Australia.

Methods

The term ‘specialist orthodontic practice’ was entered into three internet search engines. Websites satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated for orthodontic treatment risk information against nine common treatment risks. For website reliability and quality, the DISCERN instrument was used along with the HON (health on the net) seal certification; and for readability, the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) Test was applied.

Results

Of the 105 websites that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4.8% reported all nine risks. No risks were reported by 17.1%. Relapse (64.8%) was the most common risk recorded on websites, followed by ‘pain/discomfort’ (63.8%). Root resorption was reported by 5.7%. The requirement for life-long retention was indicated by 22.9% of the websites and 57.1% gave advice on sports mouthguard wear. The proposed benefits of orthodontic treatment were outlined by 85.7%. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) overall DISCERN score was 43.78 (SD 6.49; range 17–59). No website displayed the HON Seal certification. The mean FRE Score was 51.71 (SD 10.19; range 30.1–74.7).

Conclusions

Information regarding orthodontic treatment risks contained within specialist orthodontic practice websites appears deficient. Websites were of variable reliability, quality and readability. Further development of specialist orthodontists’ websites is required to ensure the delivery of accessible, reliable and understandable evidence-based information to patients.
The clinical benefits of orthodontic treatment to pathologically migrated teeth: A systematic review
Authors: Gameiro Gustavo H. , Dalstra Michel , Cattaneo Paolo M.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The present systematic review aimed to assess the evidence related to the periodontal benefits of orthodontic treatment of pathologically migrated teeth in combination with periodontal therapy with or without a regenerative procedure.

Methods

Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane) were searched up to March 21, 2019. Selection criteria included human studies in which pathologically migrated maxillary teeth were repositioned with orthodontic fixed appliances after periodontal therapy. Clinical trials not reporting a quantitative measurement of clinical attachment gain were excluded.

Results

The search strategy identified 90 relevant articles. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 articles qualified for the final analysis of which five were clinical trials and 10 were case series or reports. Five studies could be classified as providing a moderate level of evidence (33%), while 10 were classified as low levels of evidence (67%). None of the studies were classified as providing a high-level of evidence,

Conclusions

Based on the limited available evidence, orthodontic treatment had a fundamental role in the resolution of anterior pathologic tooth migration. Gains were seen in clinical attachment levels with accompanying improved aesthetic and functional final results. However, it was not possible to make any recommendations regarding the use of a specific regenerative procedure to improve the clinical results obtained by a combination of periodontal and orthodontic therapies. The most recurrent sources of bias were the absence of a control group and limited adequate examinations before and after treatment.
Surgical repositioning of infra-occluded dental implants in the orthognathic management of a Class III open-bite patient
Authors: Kim Kyung-A , Kim Kang-Min , Lee Tae-Hee , Park Tae-Joon , Park Ki-Ho
Published: September 2021

Dental implants placed in the maxillary anterior region have a high risk of aesthetic complications caused by later infra-occlusion and may subsequently require special therapeutic considerations to achieve optimal aesthetic and functional results. Based on the severity, possible treatment options for infra-occluded implants include replacement of the implant restoration, alveolar distraction osteogenesis, repositioning by a segmental osteotomy, or the removal of the implant. The present case report describes the successful application of bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery combined with an anterior segmental osteotomy for the correction of a Class III open-bite malocclusion complicated by severely infra-occluded implants.
An asymmetric magnetic reverse Twin-block applian ce for the treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion: a case report
Authors: Ma Qiaoling , Mei Li , Jiang Yuanyuan , Xu Yun , Wu Tuojiang , Li Huang
Published: September 2021

Background

The treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion with accompanying mandibular asymmetry is an orthodontic challenge. A skeletal Class III may be associated with a retrognathic maxilla, a prognathic mandible and a mandibular asymmetry can be of dental or skeletal origin or in various combinations. Timely treatment with appropriate biomechanics is crucial for an acceptable and stable result.

Aims

The aim of this article was to introduce a clinically effective asymmetric magnetic reverse Twin-block appliance (AMRTB) for growth modification treatment of an 11-year-old girl who presented with a skeletal Class III malocclusion and accompanying mandibular asymmetry.

Methods

The treatment was comprised of two phases, the first of which was growth modification using the AMRTB for the stimulation of maxillary growth, restraint of mandibular growth, and improvement of the mandibular asymmetry. This was followed by a second phase involving full fixed appliances to optimise the interdigitation and occlusion.

Results

The skeletal Class III relationship and mandibular asymmetry was successfully corrected after two years of treatment. A good facial appearance and pleasing smile aesthetics were achieved. The treatment result was stable after six years of follow-up.

Conclusion

This case demonstrated that the AMRTB was a clinically effective appliance for growth modification treatment in patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular asymmetry.
Craniofacial growth studies in orthodontic research — lessons, considerations and controversies
Authors: Wishney Morgan , Darendeliler M. Ali , Dalci Oyku
Published: September 2021

The distinguishing features of Class I, Class II and Class III craniofacial growth have been subjects of orthodontic research since the middle of the 20th century. However, the moral and practical issues related to studying craniofacial growth in modern times have presented unresolved challenges to researchers. While previous longitudinal growth investigations are typically based on historical data sets, the cephalometric growth studies of contemporary populations must now rely on cross-sectional data. Furthermore, clinical orthodontic research has faced similar ethical challenges in which therapeutic outcomes are analysed using historical control data. These limitations, amongst others, have obscured the conclusions that can be drawn from both types of studies. This article begins with a review of the defining characteristics of Class I, Class II and Class III growth and then explores the limitations of growth studies and the use of historical control groups in orthodontic research.
Skeletal Class II open-bite malocclusion with idiopathic condylar resorption: a case report
Authors: Oka Ayaka , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Yashiro Kohtaro , Haraguchi Seiji , Lee Donghoon , Aikawa Tomonao , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi
Published: September 2021

Background

The orthodontic treatment of patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) remains controversial. The effect of molar intrusion using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and the consequential gradual counterclockwise rotation of the mandible in patients with ICR remains unclear.

Aims

To present the long-term treatment result of an adult skeletal Class II open-bite malocclusion with a history of ICR corrected by the combination of orthognathic surgery and TADs.

Methods

After six months of occlusal splint therapy, a surgically-assisted intrusion of the maxillary molars was performed using TADs, followed by a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and genioplasty.

Results

The five-year post-treatment records showed a good facial appearance, occlusion and mandibular/condylar position with no progress in the condylar resorption.

Conclusion

Based on a single case, this treatment option is an effective alternative to a bimaxillary osteotomy for patients presenting with ICR.
An injectable bone graft substitute to enhance the primary stability of a novel miniscrew – The Sydney Mini Screw
Authors: Bakopoulou Anastasia , Fathi Ali , Xu Hang , Ruys Andrew J. , Darendeliler Aysin , Dalci Oyku , Darendeliler M. Ali
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Anchorage is crucial in controlling tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Different designs have been introduced to increase the stability of miniscrews. A new miniscrew, The Sydney Mini Screw (SMS), with a hollow chamber and lateral port holes, has been developed to allow the diffusion of an injectable bone graft substitute (iBGS) into cancellous bone. The aim of this study was to analyse the optimum iBGS application with ideal chemo-mechanical properties to be used in conjunction with the novel SMS.

Method

A composite calcium sulphate and calcium phosphate bone graft substitute was examined. The effects of powder particle size, and the powder-to-liquid ratio on the injectability of the iBGS through the SMS were investigated. The viscosity, injectability, and mechanical properties of the new composite mixtures were assessed using rheology and universal compression measurements.

Results

The results showed that the optimised injectable formulation of the bone cement was acquired with the concentration of 2.5 g/ml. This concentration was readily injectable through the SMS, and its setting time was within 2–3 minutes, which is favourable for clinicians. In addition, the resulting structure fractured at 80 kPa compression stress.

Conclusion

The result of this study identified the specific particle size and powder-to-liquid ratio of the iBGS that can be used in conjunction with the new SMS to enhance the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrew applications.
The public perception of orthodontic treatment performed by general dentists and specialist orthodontists
Authors: Wishney Morgan , Dalci Oyku , Petocz Peter , Darendeliler M. Ali
Published: September 2021

Background

In Australia, orthodontic treatment may be performed by either a general dental practitioner (GDP) or a specialist orthodontist. However, the titles ‘specialist’ and ‘orthodontist’ are restricted to dentists who have undertaken an additional three years of full-time training in an accredited institution. Considering the increase in popularity of GDP orthodontic courses, an assessment was worthwhile of the public’s understanding of the difference between a specialist orthodontist and a GDP who provides orthodontic treatment.

Methods

Two thousand and six Australian adults registered with a survey organisation and completed an online questionnaire. Participants were chosen to reflect age and state demographic data provided by the 2016 Australian Census. The survey questions examined the respondents’ understanding regarding the difference between a GDP and a specialist orthodontist related to training and qualifications. Furthermore, factors influencing respondents’ preferences for choosing an orthodontic practitioner as well as demographic data were collected.

Results

Sixty-six percent of respondents felt that a dentist who provided orthodontic treatment must also be a specialist orthodontist whilst 27% were unsure. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt that a specialist orthodontist was the most qualified person to provide orthodontic treatment. The most popular factor in deciding which type of practitioner to see for orthodontic treatment was whether they were a specialist, followed closely by cost. A GDP was more likely to be chosen as an orthodontic practitioner by respondents who were male, less educated, had a lower income or had seen a GDP for orthodontic treatment in the past.

Conclusion

Although the respondents generally appeared to appreciate the value of seeing a specialist for orthodontic treatment, a significant proportion did not appear to understand the difference between a specialist orthodontist and a GDP. The present findings support further education of the public.
Expression of neural crest markers by human embryonic stem cells: an introductory project
Authors: Bonic Anita , Poon Mack , Woods Michael G. , Trounson Alan O.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Neural crest cells make up a transient migratory population of cells found in all vertebrate embryos. Great advances have been made over the past 20 years in clarifying the molecular basis of neural crest induction and, although much still remains unclear, it appears that it is a process involving several factors acting at different stages of embryogenesis. In the future, an understanding of the precise mechanisms involved in orofacial development, even at the earliest stages, may well be of use to all clinicians interested in the management of these tissues.

Aim

The present study was designed to determine if the early addition of noggin (a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist) and/or the late addition of BMP4 would increase the expression of the transcription factors: Msx-1, Snail, Slug and Pax-7.

Method

This involved an assessment of the effects of early addition ( Days 0 to 3) of noggin and/or the late addition (Days 4 to 7) of BMP4 on the expression of the neural crest markers by human embryonic stem cells, co-cultured for eight days on a feeder layer of mouse PA6 cells.

Results and conclusions

The expression of the neural crest markers Pax-7, Msx-1, Slug, and Snail by human embryonic stem cells is likely to be affected by the addition of noggin and BMP4. Not all of these effects will necessarily be significant. The late addition of BMP4 is likely to significantly increase the expression of Pax-7 by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), when compared with the effects of co-culturing with stromal cell-derived inducing activity, alone. The early addition of noggin and the late addition of BMP4 are likely to significantly increase the expression of Msx-1 by hESCs, when compared with the late addition of BMP4, alone. The hESC results support those from animal ESC studies that the late addition of BMP4, especially, may result in the differentiation of neural crest precursors.
The socio-demographic and malocclusion characteristics of adolescents presenting for specialist orthodontic treatment in New Zealand practices
Authors: Healey David L. , Gauld Robin D. , Thomson W. Murray
Published: September 2021

Background

There are few reports of the socio-demographic and malocclusion characteristics of those undergoing clinical orthodontic treatment in private specialist practice.

Aim

To describe the pretreatment characteristics of individuals presenting for orthodontic treatment.

Methods

Individuals (N = 174) presenting for orthodontic treatment in 19 private specialist orthodontic practices in New Zealand were randomly selected and examined (at the beginning of a three-year prospective study) and their malocclusions compared using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).

Results

The mean DAI score was 35.8 (SD 8.4). There were no statistically significant socio-demographic differences in DAI score other than by household-based socio-economic status (SES), whereby mean scores were considerably higher in those of low SES. The majority of patients attending for treatment had severe or very severe/handicapping malocclusions. Females had less severe malocclusions than males, on average, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The malocclusion severity threshold for seeking orthodontic treatment appears to be higher in those of lower SES. The study findings highlight the need to improve access to orthodontic treatment for this group.
Chemical and mechanical characteristics of contemporary thermoplastic orthodontic materials
Authors: Alexandropoulos Alexandras , Al Jabbari Youssef S. , Zinelis Spiros , Eliades Theodore
Published: September 2021

Aim

The aim of the present study was to characterise the chemical and mechanical properties of contemporary thermoplastic orthodontic materials.

Materials and methods

Four thermoplastic materials were tested: Clear Aligner (Scheu-Dental), ACE and A+ (Dentsply), and Invisalign (Align Technology). Eight appliances were fabricated from each material and a small portion from each was analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The appliances were cut and, following metallographic grinding and polishing, were subjected to instrumented indentation testing (IIT) employing a Vickers indenter. Martens Hardness (HM), Indentation Modulus (EIT), Elastic to Total Work Ratio (elastic index (ηIT)) and Indentation Creep (CIT) were determined according to ISO 14577-1. The mean values of the mechanical properties were statistically analysed by one way ANOVA and Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test at a = 0.05.

Results

ATR-FTIR analysis identified that Invisalign was a polyurethane-based material, whereas the others were based on polyester, polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PETG). Invisalign showed higher hardness and modulus values, a slightly higher brittleness and lesser creep resistance compared with the PETG-based products.

Conclusions

The materials tested showed significant differences in their chemical structure and mechanical properties and therefore differences in their clinical behaviour are anticipated.
Comparative evaluation of pulpal blood flow during incisor intrusion
Authors: Sabuncuoglu Fidan Alakus , Ersahan Seyda
Published: September 2021

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) as a result of maxillary incisor intrusion achieved by one of two methods (utility arches or mini-implants).

Materials and methods

Thirty subjects were divided into three groups, the first of which underwent maxillary incisor intrusion using utility arches (UA) and a second group, intrusion via mini-implants (MI). The third group acted as a control. An intrusive force of 100 g was applied to the upper incisors in the treatment groups, whereas no force was applied to the anterior teeth in the control group. A laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) was used to measure PBF at baseline (T0) and during incisor intrusion at 24 hours (T1), three days (T2), seven days (T3) and three weeks (T4). Statistical changes in PBF were assessed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set atp< 0.05.

Results

The mean PBF in the UA and MI groups decreased significantly from T0 to T1 (p< 0.001), slightly increased at T2 and continued to increase gradually at T3. PBF attained levels similar to those measured prior to intrusion at T4. No significant changes in PBF were observed in the control group over the course of the study. The only statistically significant difference between the UA and MI groups were at T1 and T2, at which time the MI group had lower PBF values (p< 0.001).

Conclusions

Despite slight regressive changes in pulpal tissue observed over the short term, PBF values tended to return to initial levels within three weeks, indicating that changes observed in PBF with the UA and MI intrusion methods are reversible. Although the changes in PBF could not be directly related to the method of intrusion employed, in general, a more severe drop in PBF was observed in the MI group during the first three days of intrusion.
The Importance of Review Articles & its Prospects in Scholarly Literature
Authors: Bahishti Adam A
Published: September 2021

With the growing number of scholarly publications around the world, it is becoming more and more difficult to keep up to date with all of it. To address this issue, authors often write an insightful review article on the recent developments within their research field based on the critical review of already published original research articles. Review articles are papers that compile, summarize, critique, and synthesize the available research information on a topic. Reviews can serve as a basis for knowledge development, create guidelines for policy and practice, provide evidence of an application, highlight research gap, and if well conducted, have the capacity to engender new ideas and serve as the grounds for future research directions. To be concise, extensive review articles play an important role as a foundation for all types of research & its application. In this editorial, I will highlight the importance of review articles along with expectations from the author who intends to submit their insightful reviews to this journal “Extensive Reviews”. I encourage research scholars to write insightful and extensive review articles as a service to the scientific community and to enhance their own knowledge.
Combining Content and Social Features in a Deep Learning Approach to Vietnamese Email Prioritization
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thanh , Dang Quan Dinh , Tran Anh Quang
Published: September 2021

The email overload problem has been discussed in numerous email-related studies. One of the possible solutions to this problem is email prioritization, which is the act of automatically predicting the importance levels of received emails and sorting the user’s inbox accordingly. Several learning-based methods have been proposed to address the email prioritization problem using content features as well as social features. Although these methods have laid the foundation works in this field of study, the reported performance is far from being practical. Recent works on deep neural networks have achieved good results in various tasks. In this paper, the authors propose a novel email prioritization model which incorporates several deep learning techniques and uses a combination of both content features and social features from email data. This method targets Vietnamese emails and is tested against a self-built Vietnamese email corpus. Conducted experiments explored the effects of different model configurations and compared the effectiveness of the new method to that of a previous work.
Applying Ibn ʿArabī's Concept of Tajallī: A Sufi Approach to Environmental Ethics
Authors: Irawan Bambang , Nasution Ismail Fahmi Arrauf , Coleman Hywel
Published: September 2021

This article examines the Sufi concept of tajallī and its application to environmental ethics. This study usesdescriptive and productive interpretation to analyze the data which are extracted from the main works of Ibn ͑Arabī, namely Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam and al-Futūḥāt al-Makkīyah. It finds that Ibn ʿArabī’s concept of tajallī can be understood not only in its philosophical sense but also in its spiritual and moral sense to develop a new approach to environmental ethics. This research has valid implications for taking a new direction in the study of mystic Islam and environmental ethic by incorporating tajallī and other Sufi doctrines such as waḥdatu-l-wujūd, maḥabbah, and maʿrifah.
Water loss in swimming pool filter backwashing processes in the Balearic Islands (Spain)
Authors: Doménech-Sánchez Antonio , Laso Elena , Berrocal Clara I.
Published: September 2021

Swimming pools are a major contributor to water consumption in our community. However, the high water loss associated with filter cleaning is unknown. In this work, we investigate the current procedures for filter backwashing in public swimming pools by questionnaires to owners and managers. Then, we use the collected data to estimate their environmental and economic costs. Besides, we measure several parameters in the field during the process performed in four representative swimming pools. The investigation revealed that the water loss associated with filter cleaning in public swimming pools rises to 5.5 million m3 water per year, which represents an expense of 13.96 million €. Based on our results, the followed protocols were inappropriate in most cases, indicating that even the required water amount would be higher. The most suitable parameters for filter backwashing monitoring were combined chlorine, ammonium, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The necessity for specific strategies and legislation for the management of these installations, the treatment of the generated wastewater, as the implementation of different technological solutions to reduce water loss are discussed.
La tutela procesal penal de altos dignatarios por la comisión de delitos comunes: De la inmunidad parlamentaria al fuero privilegiado
Authors: Huamán Castellares Daniel O.
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo analiza la legitimidad de las prerrogativas procesales- penales de los altos dignatarios del estado peruano para determinar la pertinencia de una reforma en dicho ámbito. De forma particular, se desarolla el concepto de inmunidad parlamentaria, junto a su reciente sustitución por el sistema de fuero privilegiado.
Dos siglos sin ti: La falta de un verdadero catastro en el Perú y sus consecuencias
Authors: Zaldívar Del Águila Rodrigo , Duffóo Sánchez Valeria
Published: September 2021

Poco se habla sobre la falta de un - verdadero - catastro predial en el Perú, aunque mucho se habla sobre la gran cantidad de problemas que tiene el país en parte causado por su ausencia: retrasos en proyectos de infraestructura, superposiciones registrales, falta de planeamiento territorial, baja recaudación tributaria municipal, entre otros. Este artículo pretende poner de relieve la situación catastral del país, a dos centenas de su independencia, y ofrecer recomendaciones para poder contar con un verdadero catastro de predios.
Monachijski portret króla Zygmunta Augusta i uwagi o ikonografii ostatniego Jagiellona
Authors: Petrus Jerzy Tadeusz
Published: September 2021

W zbiorach Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen w Monachium jest przechowywany portret króla Zygmunta Augusta, który po ponad pół wieku poszukiwań przez polskich historyków sztuki został niedawno odnaleziony i zidentyfikowany. Ma on ogromne znaczenie dla ikonografii ostatniego Jagiellona bowiem, jak dotąd, jest jego jedynym znanym malarskim przedstawieniem w całej postaci, powstałym za życia modela. Wizerunek pozostaje w związku z miniaturowym portretem monarchy w popiersiu, dawniej w kolekcji arcyksięcia Ferdynanda II Tyrolskiego w Ambras, obecnie w Münzenkabinett w wiedeńskim Kunsthistorisches Museum. Oba obrazy, tego samego autora, powstały na polskim dworze tuż przed połową XVI stulecia. Ich twórca był dobrze obeznany ze stosowanymi wówczas we Włoszech i cieszącymi się uznaniem kompozycjami portretowymi. Monachijski obraz trafił do bawarskich zbiorów Wittelsbachów, jak wszystko na to wskazuje, wraz z wyprawą ślubną królewny Anny Katarzyny Konstancji Wazówny, w roku 1642 wydanej za mąż za księcia neuburskiego Filipa Wilhelma. Należał do zespołu wizerunków członków rodziny Jagiellonów, zabranych do Bawarii przez Wazównę, lecz powstał w okolicznościach innych niż pozostałe portrety i jest dziełem o odmiennej genezie artystycznej.

Ujawniony w zbiorach monachijskich portret nie tylko w istotny sposób wzbogaca ikonografię ostatniego Jagiellona, lecz ma również znaczenie dla wiedzy o królewskim mecenacie.

Summary:

The Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen collection in Munich houses a portrait of King Sigismund Augustus, which was recently discovered and identified by Polish art historians following a quest lasting more than half a century. It sheds important light on the iconography of the last Jagiellonian, as it remains to date the only known representation in pictorial form of the model during his lifetime. It is related to a bust portrait miniature of the monarch, formerly found in the collection of Archduke Ferdinand II of Tirol in Ambras, and nowadays on show in the Münzenkabinett in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Both paintings by the same artist were produced at the Polish court just before the mid-16th century. Their creator was well acquainted with the highly regarded compositional techniques used at the time in portraiture in Italy. All the evidence suggests that the Munich painting found its way into the Bavarian Wittelsbach collections as part of the trousseau of Princess Anna Catherine Konstancja Wazówna, who in 1642 married the Neuburian prince Philip Wilhelm. It was included in the collection of portraits of members of the Jagiellonian family, that Wazówna took with her to Bavaria. However, it was painted in circumstances different from other portraits and is a work with a different artistic genesis.

This portrait unearthed in the Munich collection not only greatly enriches the existing iconography of the last Jagiellonian, but it also makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of royal patronage.
Opat Lądu Jan Zapolski, inicjator barokowej przebudowy, wystroju i wyposażenia kościoła Najświętszej Maryi Panny i św. Mikołaja w Lądzie, i jego portret
Authors: Nowiński Janusz
Published: September 2021

Jan Zapolski (1619–1689) herbu Pobóg w 1643 r. został opatem cysterskiego opactwa w Lądzie; wcześniej był kanonikiem katedry krakowskiej i sekretarzem króla Władysława IV. W 1661 r. kapituła cysterskiej prowincji wybrała go wikariuszem generalnym i komisarzem Polskiej Prowincji Cystersów, pełnił ten urząd przez 28 lat – do śmierci. W styczniu 1651 r. opat Zapolski podpisał z architektem Tomassem Poncinem kontrakt na remont i rozbudowę gotyckiego klasztornego kościoła w Lądzie. Konflikt z niesumiennym architektem i proces sądowy zatrzymały tę inwestycję. W 1679 r. Zapolski zdecydował się wznieść w Lądzie nowy kościół według planów królewskiego architekta Giuseppe Simone Bellottiego. Do 1687 r. zbudowano prezbiterium i transept nowego kościoła. Sklepienia udekorowały stiuki wykonane przez włoskich sztukatorów według projektu Bellotiego, w prezbiterium ustawiono stalle – dzieło warsztatu brata Bartłomieja Adriana. Prawdopodobnie w 1687 r. powstał portret Jana Zapolskiego, na którym opat trzyma plan nowego kościoła w Lądzie. Autorem portretu jest prawdopodobnie cysterski malarz Łukasz Latkowski. Portret ten stał się wzorem dla innych wizerunków: portretu trumiennego Zapolskiego (1689); jego wizerunku w Sali Opackiej klasztoru (1722); portretu opata Mikołaja A. Łukomskiego (1747). Summary: Jan Zapolski (1619–1689) of the Pobóg coat of arms in 1643 became the abbot of the Cistercian abbey in Ląd; previously he was a canon of the Krakow cathedral and secretary of King Władysław IV. In 1661 the Cistercian chapter of the province elected him vicar general and commissars of the Polish Cistercian Province, he held this office for 28 years – until his death. In January 1651 abbot Zapolski signed a contract with the architect Tomasso Poncino for the renovation and expansion of the Gothic monastery church in Ląd. The conflict with the unscrupulous architect and the lawsuit stopped this investment. In 1679 Zapolski decided to build a new church in Ląd according to the plans of the royal architect Giuseppe Simone Bellotti. Until 1687 the presbytery and the transept of the new church were built. The vaults were decorated with stuccoes made by Italian stucco makers according to the design of Bellotti (figs. 3–4); stalls were placed in the presbytery - the work of the workshop of brother Bartholomew Adrian (fig. 5). Probably in 1687 a portrait of Jan Zapolski was created (fig. 2), on which the abbot holds a card with a plan for a new church in Ląd. The author of the portrait is probably the Cistercian painter Łukasz Latkowski. This portrait became a model for other images: the coffin portrait of Zapolski (1689; fig. 8), his image in the Abbey Hall (Sala Opacka) of the monastery (1722; fig. 9); portrait of abbot Mikołaj A. Łukomski (1747; fig. 10).
Wizerunki Michała Kazimierza Paca – przegląd ikonografii hetmana litewskiego i wojewody wileńskiego
Authors: Czyż Anna Sylwia
Published: September 2021

W artykule zebrano i omówiono portrety Michała Kazimierza Paca, hetmana wielkiego litewskiego i wojewody wileńskiego, jednej ze znakomitszych postaci swoich czasów. Wizerunki Paca nie doczekały się do tej pory szerszych omówień. W artykule ukazano je w kontekście awansów na kolejne urzędy, co wymagało podjęcia szeregu działań z autokreacją. Jej częścią były też herby i eksponowanie powiązań genealogicznych. W artykule omówiono całą znaną ikonografię hetmana, a także wzajemne zależności pomiędzy portretami.

Summary:

The article deals with the little-known portraits of Michał Kazimierz Pac. They demonstrate that he did take proven self-aggrandizement measures used by others to portray themselves as public figures and as individual full of virtues. However, Pac concentrated on his soldierly service, disregarding his offices of the Vilnian voivode, possibly because he considered them prestigious but not so much important as his laudable hetmanly deeds on the battlefield. Also, there are no private or collective portraits of Michał Kazimierz Pac in his iconography, other than the frescos from the church in Pożajście, although these forms of artistic communication were known and used in the Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth. The most likely explanation of these two “gaps” is that Pac never married and devoted whole his life to the military career and to the building of the church under the invocation of St. Peter and St. Paul in the Antokol in Vilnius as his monument.

Pac took care of his promotion after earning the field baton, which event started his further career. The compositional scheme he chose, codified by the lost full-body portrait by Daniel Schulz, was augmented in time by the addition of pieces of armor. This pattern was later repeated a number of times, growing in new attributes of the hetman’s office and in military staffage, as seen in the portrait from the Antokol church. The equestrian portrait (woodcut) of the hetman is an outstanding and early milestone in the formation of his public image.
Religione pro Deo, Sapientia pro Patria. Kreacja wizerunku biskupa wileńskiego Konstantego Kazimierza Brzostowskiego w drukach okolicznościowych
Authors: Stankiewicz Aleksander
Published: September 2021

W artykule omówiono kreację wizerunku biskupa wileńskiego Konstantego Kazimierza Brzostowskiego (1644-1722) w świetle dedykowanych mu rycin i panegiryków. Część portretów graficznych ukazywała go jako biskupa wileńskiego i pierwszego duchownego w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Niektóre ryciny zdobiące panegiryki zostały ozdobione dekoracją zgodną z symbolicznym znaczeniem herbu Brzostowskiego Strzemię i herbów innych litewskich spokrewionych z duchownym. Symbolika herbu traktowanego jako emblemat nie tylko odwoływała się do przypisywanych duchownemu cnót, ale także, wraz z odpowiednim programem inskrypcji, manifestowała jego rolę polityczną w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim, co miało duże znaczenie w konflikcje między biskupem wileńskim a rodziną Sapiehów, zwłaszcza Kazimierzem Janem Sapiehą (1642–1720). Summary: The article presents the image creation of Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski (1644–1722), bishop of Vilnius, in the light of dedicated to him engravings and panegyrics. Part of the engraved portraits presented him as the bishop of Vilnius and the first ecclesiastic in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Some of the engravings were adorned with a graphic decoration conforming with the allegoric meaning of the Strzemię coat-of-arms of Brzostowski and coat-of-arms of other Lithuanian families. This determined not only individual virtues but also, together with the relevant quotations, became a manifestation of his political position in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This strategy was very important in the case of the conflict between the bishop of Vilnius and family of Sapieha, especially Kazimierz Jan Sapieha (1642–1720).
Wspomnienie o Ks. Prof. Stanisławie Kobielusie
Authors: Rupiewicz Romana
Published: September 2021

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