bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety Precautions for the Corona Mortis using Minimally Invasive Ilioinguinal Approach in Treatment of Anterior Pelvic Ring Fracture
Authors: Du Meng‐meng , Wang Ai‐guo , Shi Xiao‐hua , Zhao Bo , Liu Ming
Published: April 2020

Objective

To explore the safety of the corona mortis of the minimally invasive plate insertion in treatment of the anterior pelvic ring fracture by studying the relationship between the vessel and the position of plate.

Method

The corona mortis was dissected out of eight adult cadavers and were simulated for the insertion of the anterior ring minimally invasive plate, and the presence of the anastomotic branch (the corona mortis) in the suprapubic branch area was observed. After the Corona mortis stripped off, the data was measured, such as the length, vessel diameter, distance from the pubic tubercle, and the maximum vertical distance between the corona mortis and the pubis. The measured data and the previous literatures were analyzed to study the morphology of the corona mortis and the position relation between the corona mortis and the placement of subperiosteal tunnel through the minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach.

Results

Out of the 16 unilateral pelvises, the corona mortis were observed on 12 unilateral pelvises with an incidence rate of 75%. Amongst them, there were seven cases of vein anastomosis (incidence of 43.75%), three cases of arterial anastomosis (incidence of 18.75%), and two cases of both arterial anastomosis and vein anastomosis (incidence of 12.5%). The corona mortis length ranged between 24.5 and 37.5 mm (average of 30.7 ± 3.6 mm); the diameter ranged between 1.6 and 3.5 mm (average of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm) and the distance between the vessels and the pubic tubercle was between 53.9 and 65.2 mm (average of 59.0 ± 3.6 mm). Above the pubis, the corona mortis originated from the iliac or the inferior epigastric vessel. It crossed the pubic branch to the dorsal side of the pubis and proceeded downward to anastomize with the obturator vessels near the obturator. Toothless tweezers were used to peel and lift up the corona mortis from the pubic bone. The maximum vertical distance between the corona mortis and the pubis ranged between 8.8 and 18.3 mm (average of 12.6 ± 3.0 mm).

Conclusion

The corona mortis have a high rate of incidence, with a large number of differences in the type and shape of blood vessels among patients. Following peeling, the movement between the corona mortis and pubic bone is limited. Nevertheless, the plate and bone exfoliator still passed safely. Therefore, when surgeons use the minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach to establish channels, the process of subperiosteal stripping must be performed to avoid any accidental injury.
Forced Displacement, Migration, and Fertility in Burundi
Authors: Verwimp Philip , Osti Davide , Østby Gudrun
Published: April 2020

The civil war in Burundi (1993–2005) led to the forced displacement of a large part of the population. This study aims to explore how that displacement affected fertility behavior. Using a nationally representative, retrospective survey on birth and residential histories of 4,523 Burundian women, we examine the impact of conflict‐induced displacement on fertility. These unique data enable us to distinguish between remaining‐in‐place, voluntary migration, and forced displacement, as well as to distinguish between periods spent “on the move” versus periods spent in residence in the new site. Adopting a semiparametric regression model, we analyze both the probability of the first pregnancy and the subsequent spacing of higher order pregnancies. We find that the risk of a first pregnancy was higher in the year in which a woman was forcibly displaced and lower in the year a woman migrated voluntarily. Residency in a new site increased the risk of pregnancy for both.
Dermoscopic characteristics of acral melanocytic nevi in children and adolescents
Authors: Savas Erdogan Sevil , Falay Gur Tugba , Turgut Erdemir Aslı Vefa , Dogan Bilal
Published: April 2020

Background/Objective

There are limited data on the dermoscopic characteristics of acral nevi in the population under 18 years old. Our aim was to determine the frequency of acral volar nevi in children and adolescents, characterize their dermoscopic patterns, and identify relationships with age and location.

Methods

We prospectively examined the palms and soles of 1319 patients presenting to our outpatient clinic from July 2018 to April 2019.

Results

Acral volar nevi were observed in 28% of the children and adolescent population included in the study. A total of 474 nevi from 365 patients were examined. The presence of nevi increased with age. The most common dermoscopic pattern was parallel pigmented furrows, detected in 57.8% of nevi. The other patterns observed were combination (14.1%), fibrillar (10.1%), and latticelike (8.8%). The parallel furrow and globulostreak‐like patterns were more common on the palms, whereas the fibrillar and combination patterns were more frequently seen on the plantar surfaces. While the frequency of the parallel pigmented furrow pattern did not differ between the 0‐ to 12‐year and 13‐ to 18‐year age‐groups, the dotted variants of the parallel furrow were observed more frequently in the 0‐ to 12‐year‐olds (58.2%) than in the 13‐ to 18‐year‐olds (41.7%). A combination pattern and its most common variant, parallel furrow + crista dotted pattern, were detected at a significantly higher rate in the 0‐ to 12‐year group (22.1% and 16.3%, respectively) compared to the 13‐ to 18‐year group (11.4% and 6%, respectively).

Conclusions

Acral melanocytic nevi are common in children and adolescents, and their dermoscopic patterns may be associated with anatomic localization and age.
The Maryland analysis of developmental EEG (MADE) pipeline
Authors: Debnath Ranjan , Buzzell George A. , Morales Santiago , Bowers Maureen E. , Leach Stephanie C. , Fox Nathan A.
Published: April 2020

Compared to adult EEG, EEG signals recorded from pediatric populations have shorter recording periods and contain more artifact contamination. Therefore, pediatric EEG data necessitate specific preprocessing approaches in order to remove environmental noise and physiological artifacts without losing large amounts of data. However, there is presently a scarcity of standard automated preprocessing pipelines suitable for pediatric EEG. In an effort to achieve greater standardization of EEG preprocessing, and in particular, for the analysis of pediatric data, we developed the Maryland analysis of developmental EEG (MADE) pipeline as an automated preprocessing pipeline compatible with EEG data recorded with different hardware systems, different populations, levels of artifact contamination, and length of recordings. MADE uses EEGLAB and functions from some EEGLAB plugins and includes additional customized features particularly useful for EEG data collected from pediatric populations. MADE processes event‐related and resting state EEG from raw data files through a series of preprocessing steps and outputs processed clean data ready to be analyzed in time, frequency, or time‐frequency domain. MADE provides a report file at the end of the preprocessing that describes a variety of features of the processed data to facilitate the assessment of the quality of processed data. In this article, we discuss some practical issues, which are specifically relevant to pediatric EEG preprocessing. We also provide custom‐written scripts to address these practical issues. MADE is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License at https://github.com/ChildDevLab/MADE-EEG-preprocessing-pipeline.
Government consumption, government debt and economic growth
Authors: Ghourchian Shahrzad , Yilmazkuday Hakan
Published: April 2020

This paper compares the effects of government consumption and government debt on economic growth using data from 83 countries, including both developed and developing markets, over the period from 1960 to 2014. Linear regressions reveal that the negative effects of government consumption are relatively higher than the negative effects of government debt. A nonlinear investigation further suggests that the restrictions on government expenditure to prevent negative growth are more important for countries with lower trade openness, lower inflation, or greater financial depth, whereas the restrictions on government debt are shown to be more important for countries with higher trade openness, lower inflation or greater financial depth.
Mechanisms and consequences of subcellularRNAlocalization across diverse cell types
Authors: Engel Krysta L. , Arora Ankita , Goering Raeann , Lo Hei‐Yong G. , Taliaferro J. Matthew
Published: April 2020

Essentially all cells contain a variety of spatially restricted regions that are important for carrying out specialized functions. Often, these regions contain specialized transcriptomes that facilitate these functions by providing transcripts for localized translation. These transcripts play a functional role in maintaining cell physiology by enabling a quick response to changes in the cellular environment. Here, we review how RNA molecules are trafficked within cells, with a focus on the subcellular locations to which they are trafficked, mechanisms that regulate their transport and clinical disorders associated with misregulation of the process.
Long‐term successful treatment of a donkey with cutaneous lupus erythematous with methotrexate
Authors: Mosca Marion , Randleff‐Rasmussen Pia , Milhau Nadège , Panzuti Pauline , Meylan Myriam , Desjardin Isabelle , Pin Didier
Published: April 2020

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a rare immune‐mediated dermatitis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge it has not been described in donkeys. A 5‐year‐old male neutered donkey, living in south‐east France, was diagnosed with CLE. Clinical signs included generalized symmetrical areas of alopecia, erythema, crusting and scales. Diagnostic tests included examination of skin biopsy samples by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis which demonstrated an interface dermatitis with CD8+ T cells. The skin condition was successfully treated initially with glucocorticoids and methotrexate; successful long‐term maintenance was associated with administration of methotrexate.
Biomechanical comparison of locking compression plate fixation and a novel pedicle screw external fixation to repair equine mandibular fractures
Authors: Monck Samantha L. , McGilvray Kirk C. , Easley Jeremiah T.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To determine the biomechanical properties of pedicle screw external fixation (PDW) for equine mandibular fracture repair and compare PDW to locking compression plates (LCP).

Study design

Cadaveric study.

Sample population

Sixteen adult equine mandibles.

Methods

Four mandibles were kept intact, while 12 were osteotomized and stabilized with the LCP or PDW construct (6 mandibles/group). Failure, stiffness, and yield were calculated from quasi‐static ramp to failure and compared with previous analysis of mandibular fracture constructs. Tooth root involvement and method of failure were determined from radiographs and videos.

Results

Locking compression plate constructs achieved greater stiffness and load at failure (4656 ± 577 N‐m/radian, 558 ± 27 N‐mP < .05) compared with PDW constructs (2626 ± 127 N‐m/radian, 315 ± 48 N‐m). Yield did not differ between types of fixation (369 ± 57 N‐m, 193 ± 35 N‐m,P= .145). Tooth involvement was noted in two LCP constructs with failure via bone fracture. Pedicle screw external fixation constructs failed via wire unraveling and screw bending.

Conclusion

Locking compression plate fixation increased stiffness and failure of constructs but did not influence yield. It also increased the risk to tooth root involvement relative to fixation with PDW. Compared with another study, PDW offered stiffness and failure similar to an intraoral splint with interdental wires, external fixator (EF), and external fixator with wires (EFW) and yield similar to an EF, an EFW, and a dynamic compression plate.

Clinical relevance

Pedicle screw external fixation offers biomechanical stability comparable to other relevant mandibular fixation techniques and reduces the risk of tooth root damage compared with LCP fixation.
Experiencia en la atención de pacientes menores de 16 años con apendicitis aguda en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre los años 2014 y 2019
Authors: Soler Ramírez Angela María , Estrada Cano Diana Carolina , Sanchez Julie Paola , Chacón Shayl Zamira , Arjona Juan Sebastián , Salamanca Edgar , Seba Juan Enrique
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of the care of patients under 16 years old with acute appendicitis taken to appendectomy between January 2014 and May 2019. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive observational study of the records of patients with acute appendicitis over 5 years. Results: 257 records met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients was 9.5 years. The average diagnosis time from admission was 7 hours and they were taken to surgery in the first 6 hours after diagnosis. The majority were uncomplicated appendicitis with a low percentage of postoperative complications. Six percent of patients underwent intraoperative peritoneal fluid culture without this involving significant changes in medical behavior. Conclusions: The success in the management of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients of hospital reflects high quality care. The use of ampicillin sulbactam as an empirical management shows favorable results with a low complication rate. Peritoneal fluid culture did not generate changes in medical or surgical behavior. Given the above, it is feasible to make reasonable use of resources, providing high quality care with optimal results and a lower cost to the health system.
Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Lonomia envenomation. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Martin Arsanios Daniel , Quintero Elias , Santoyo Sarmiento Nicolás David , Arteaga Erazo Alvaro German , Olaya Maria José , Perilla Alejandra , Bastidas Goyes Alirio
Published: April 2020

Introduction The envenomation by Lonomia species mainly occur in rural areas. The main symptom of this condition is an alteration in the clotting times and hemorrhage. However, acute kidney injury is been also identified in some case reports. Therefore, it should not be disregarded and to understand the pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of this clinical feature results necessary in order to expand awareness and to prevent further medical complications and death. Materials and Methods We present a case report and scoping review of the literature to characterize patients with acute kidney injury secondary to Lonomia envenomation by a case report and describing the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients suffering from this condition. The information was obtained from 4 databases: Medline, Embase, LILACs and Ovid. We used the following search strategy: (((“Acute Kidney Injury” [Mesh]) AND “lonofibrase” [Supplementary Concept]) OR lonomy accident) OR lonomia. Results We identified ten case reports of Lonomia spp. Envenomation, nine of them were caused by L. obliqua and one by L. achelous. A cohort study that included 37 patients who were exposed to the L. obliqua venom was also included. All patients were adults, lived in the countryside and developed acute kidney injury. Conclusions Acute kidney injury has been identified as one important clinical feature of the Lonomia envenomation. The development of this condition is mediated by various pathophysiological mechanisms. To perform an adequate diagnosis, coagulation times, fibrinogen levels, hemogram, kidney function and urinalysis should be done. The definitive treatment depends on the type of envenomation. The prognosis for these patients is not well described yet. However, our patient had a good response to the described management given.
¿Qué avances recientes hay en el entendimiento, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand?: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Tovar Sánchez Catherin Vanessa , Salazar Reviakina Alexander , Rumbo Romero José Alejandro , Sierra Bretón Maria Manuela , Madariaga Perpiñán Ithzayana , Zarante Montoya Ignacio Manuel
Published: April 2020

La enfermedad de Von Willebrand (EvW) es el trastorno hemorrágico hereditario más común. En los últimos años, han ocurrido grandes avances en su entendimiento, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Afecta hasta el 1% de la población y comprende un espectro de subtipos heterogéneos. Se caracteriza por mutaciones con una disminución en el nivel o deterioro en la acción del factor de von Willebrand (FvW). La mayoría de los casos se transmiten como un rasgo autosómico dominante. Las pruebas de diagnóstico para este trastorno son complejas y su interpretación requiere una comprensión de la fisiopatología. El arsenal terapéutico disponible incluye el uso de desmopresina y los concentrados de FvW/FVIII en procedimientos que requieran hemostasia. La aplicación rutinaria de terapia profiláctica para eventos hemorrágicos no se encuentra indicada. El objetivo de esta revisión es discutir la epidemiología, fisiopatología, y los más recientes avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EvW hereditaria.
Modeling of the Photo-Thermal-pH Triple-Responsive Hydrogels Considering the Coupled Effect of Photothermal Conversion and Electrochemistry
Authors: Yan Huixian , Su Hengdi , Zhong Zheng
Published: April 2020

Photo-thermal-pH triple-responsive hydrogels are special kinds of smart materials which can respond to changes in ambient temperature, pH, and light intensity simultaneously. In this paper, a field theory is developed for the photo-thermal-pH triple-responsive hydrogels by incorporating effects of dissociation of acidic groups and photo-thermal conversion into the thermodynamic theory of temperature-sensitive hydrogels. Constitutive equations are derived by means of the free energy imbalance inequality. The feasibility of the presented model is tested and validated by comparing the simulation results for stress-free swelling with the available experimental data. Moreover, the sensitivities of the presented model to changes in temperature, pH, and light intensity are further studied through the biaxial constrained swelling case, and the factors affecting deformation is investigated numerically.
Kinetics-Induced Morphing of Three-Dimensional-Printed Gel Structures Based on Geometric Asymmetry
Authors: Li Qi , Xu Zhao , Ji Suchun , Lv Pengyu , Li Xiying , Hong Wei , Duan Huiling
Published: April 2020

Emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for soft active materials have demonstrated fascinating applications in various areas including programmable and reconfigurable structures, tissue engineering, and soft robotics. For example, polymeric gels, which consist of polymer networks swollen with solvent molecules, are capable of deforming and swelling/deswelling in response to external stimuli. Although polymeric gels are used to print structures, little attention has been paid to the effect of printing parameters on the cross-sectional shape of 3D-printed gel filaments or further to the dynamic responses of the printed structures. Due to the flow of the precursor solution before fully cured, the cross section of a printed gel filament is usually asymmetric. When immersed in water, the asymmetry in the cross section causes the printed filament to bend, and the interdiffusion of the two solvents leads to the alternation in bending direction. The bending curvature and response rate can be adjusted by turning printing parameters. As applications of this mechanism, we demonstrated various types of gel structures, capable of deforming from 1D strips to 2D spiral or sinusoidal shapes, warping from 2D flat sheet to 3D cylindrical helix when swollen, or wrapping and manipulating objects under external stimuli.
Nanolaminated Al2O3/HfO2 dielectrics for silicon carbide based devices
Authors: Lo Nigro Raffaella , Schilirò Emanuela , Fiorenza Patrick , Roccaforte Fabrizio
Published: April 2020

Nanolaminated aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films as well as single Al2O3 and HfO2 layers have been grown as gate dielectrics by the plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition technique on silicon carbide (4H-SiC) substrates. All the three dielectric films have been deposited at a temperature as low as 250 °C, with a total thickness of about 30 nm, and, in particular, the nanolaminated Al2O3/HfO2 films have been fabricated by alternating nanometric Al2O3 and HfO2 layers. The structural characteristics and dielectric properties of the nanolaminated Al2O3/HfO2 films have been evaluated and compared to those of the parent Al2O3 and HfO2 single layers. Moreover, the structural properties and their evolution upon annealing treatment at 800 °C have been investigated as a preliminar test for their possible implementation in the device fabrication flow chart. On the basis of the collected data, the nanolaminated films demonstrated to possess promising dielectric behavior with respect to the simple oxide layers.
Vapor phase infiltration of aluminum oxide into benzocyclobutene-based polymer dielectrics to increase adhesion strength to thin film metal interconnects
Authors: Dwarakanath Shreya , Raj Pulugurtha Markondeya , Kondekar Neha , Losego Mark D. , Tummala Rao
Published: April 2020

Interfacial adhesion between metallic thin films and polymers is a critical performance metric for a number of microelectronics and packaging applications. Delamination of metal-polymer interfaces is a frequent failure mode for many multilayer structures, like those used for electronics packaging. Such a failure is even more likely when electronic packages are operated under extreme conditions like high-power, high-temperature, and/or high-humidity operation. Roughening or direct chemical modification of the few layers of atoms that make up the interface is often used to promote adhesion at these interfaces. Here, the authors investigate a new process, vapor phase infiltration, that infiltrates inorganic constituents into the bulk of the polymer, creating an interpenetrating network within the subsurface of the polymer that further enhances interfacial adhesion. For the authors’ model system of copper films on a benzocyclobutene polymer, they are able to increase the interfacial adhesion strength by as much as 3×, resulting in cohesive rather than adhesive failure. The authors attribute this increased interfacial adhesion to physicochemical interlocking of the organic and inorganic phases within the subsurface of the polymer, generating a “root system” that impedes interfacial delamination.
A Systematic Review of the External and Internal Workloads Experienced During Games-Based Drills in Basketball Players
Authors: O’Grady Cody J. , Fox Jordan L. , Dalbo Vincent J. , Scanlan Aaron T.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To systematically quantify the external and internal workloads reported during games-based drills in basketball and identify the effects of different modifiable factors on the workloads encountered. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for original research published up until January 2, 2019. The search included terms relevant to workload, games-based drills, and basketball. Studies were screened using predefined selection criteria, and methodological quality was assessed prior to data extraction. Results: The electronic search yielded 8,284 studies with 3,411 duplicates. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, with quality scores ranging from 9 to 10 out of 11. Factors regularly modified during games-based drills among the included studies were team size, playing area, playing and rest time, and game alterations. Games-based drills containing smaller team sizes elicited greater external and internal workloads compared to larger team sizes. Furthermore, full-court games-based drills elicited greater external and internal workloads compared to half-court drills, while continuous games-based drills elicited greater internal workloads compared to intermittent drills. Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive collation of data indicating the external and internal workloads reported during different games-based drills in various samples of basketball players. Furthermore, evidence is provided for basketball coaches to consider when prescribing games-based drills and modifying factors during drills across the season. Current literature suggests that smaller team sizes and full-court playing areas elicit greater external and internal workloads than larger team sizes and half-court drills, respectively. Furthermore, continuous games-based drills elicit greater internal workloads than intermittent drills.
Sport Advocacy: The Art of Persuasion and Its By-Products
Authors: Stenling Cecilia , Sam Michael
Published: April 2020

Despite an increase of advocacy by established nongovernmental sport organizations, little is known about how advocacy is enacted and with what effects. Building conceptually on frame alignment theory and empirically on interview data from 19 Swedish Regional Sport Federations, this article investigates how advocates politicize sport to gain “insider status” and analyses the by-products of such efforts. This research demonstrates that the architecture of advocacy claims perpetuates a separation between organizations that “sell” sport from those that “produce” it. Framing also impels centralized authority because advocates safeguard their credibility as political actors by taking up a “leadership-position” vis-à-vis clubs. Advocacy frame alignment has further by-products insofar as they narrow advocates’ room for maneuver and become institutionalized over time.
Get That S.O.B. Off the Field: A Critical Discourse Analysis of NFL Team Owners’ Responses to President Trump’s Comments About Athlete Protests
Authors: McGannon Kerry R. , Butryn Ted M.
Published: April 2020

In this study, scholarship was extended on the cultural meanings of race and athlete activism by interrogating one key media spectacle surrounding athlete protests: President Trump’s 2017 speech questioning the National Football League (NFL) players’ character, with a focus on NFL owners’ responses. The NFL owners’ statements (n = 32) were subjected to critical discourse analysis. Discourses of post-racial nationalism and functionalism and the subject positions of “good player citizen” and “benevolent facilitator” (re)created meanings of the protests devoid of racial politics, linked to ideologies of color blindness, meritocracy, and diversity. These discourses and subject positions allowed the NFL owners to control protest meanings to maintain White privilege and appeal to their White fan base. These findings expand research on color-blind racism in sport, which perpetuates neoliberal ideals and the myth of a post-racial America, via taken-for-granted language use within discourses.
“My Country is Better Than Yours”: Delineating Differences Between Six Countries’ National Identity, Fan Identity, and Media Consumption During the 2018 Olympic Games
Authors: Devlin Michael B. , Brown Kenon A. , Brown-Devlin Natalie , Billings Andrew C.
Published: April 2020

Nationalistic notions are embedded within every part of the Olympic Games, inculcating feelings pertaining to one’s nation. Previous research examined the degree to which one is affected by portrayals of nationalism during international sporting events, finding that media consumption and results increase nationalistic feelings. However, such analyses rarely infused overarching fandom into the equation and failed to make global comparisons. This study surveyed 2,245 people from three continents in six different nations (Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the United States) to examine nationalistic attitudes during the 2018 Winter Olympics and subsequent effects. Significant differences between nationalized qualities manifested between each continent, as did their paths to becoming a fan and consuming content.
The Key Role of Sport Policies for the Popularity of Women’s Sports: A Case Study on Women’s Soccer in Germany
Authors: Meier Henk Erik , von Uechtriz Cosima
Published: April 2020

Athletic success in women’s sports, in particular in women’s soccer, is strongly linked to macrolevel gender equality within societies. There is also evidence that macrolevel gender equality matters for sport consumption. This study explored the role of mesolevel institutions for the popularity of women’s soccer. The example of reunified Germany illustrates that macrolevel gender equality might be less important for the popularity of women’s sport than mesolevel gender equality, that is, policy priorities adopted by sport associations and other actors involved in sport policymaking. The study comes with practical implications for the future popularity of women’s soccer.
Accretion of a large LL parent planetesimal from a recently formed chondrule population
Authors: Edwards Graham H. , Blackburn Terrence
Published: April 2020

LL chondrite cooling histories require a ≥150-km parent body and accretion concurrent with LL chondrule formation.
Proof of concept for rational design of hepatitis C virus E2 core nanoparticle vaccines
Authors: He Linling , Tzarum Netanel , Lin Xiaohe , Shapero Benjamin , Sou Cindy , Mann Colin J. , Stano Armando , Zhang Lei , Nagy Kenna , Giang Erick , Law Mansun , Wilson Ian A. , Zhu Jiang
Published: April 2020

An HCV vaccine strategy displays optimized E2 cores on nanoparticles for eliciting a cross-neutralizing B cell response.
Bypassing mitochondrial complex III using alternative oxidase inhibits acute pulmonary oxygen sensing
Authors: Sommer Natascha , Alebrahimdehkordi Nasim , Pak Oleg , Knoepp Fenja , Strielkov Ievgen , Scheibe Susan , Dufour Eric , Andjelković Ana , Sydykov Akylbek , Saraji Alireza , Petrovic Aleksandar , Quanz Karin , Hecker Matthias , Kumar Manish , Wahl Joel , Kraut Simone , Seeger Werner , Schermuly Ralph T. , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Ramser Kerstin , Braun Thomas , Jacobs Howard T. , Weissmann Norbert , Szibor Marten
Published: April 2020

Signaling from the mitochondrial respiratory chain is essential for acute vascular oxygen sensing in the lung.
From GWAS to GEMMs: Sestrin1 and cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Gallagher Emily J.
Published: April 2020

Sestrin1 regulates hepatic cholesterol synthesis and circulating lipid concentrations.
Improving cancer combination therapy by timing drug administration
Authors: Zervantonakis Ioannis
Published: April 2020

Sequential treatment provides therapeutic benefit in pancreatic cancer models.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Suppresses Type I and Type III Interferon Induction by Targeting RIG-I Signaling
Authors: Chang Chi-You , Liu Helene Minyi , Chang Ming-Fu , Chang Shin C.
Published: April 2020

MERS-CoV causes death of about 35% of patients. Published studies showed that some coronaviruses are capable of suppressing interferon (IFN) expression in the early phase of infection and MERS-CoV proteins can modulate host immune response. In this study, we demonstrated that MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein suppresses the production of both type I and type III IFNs via sequestering TRIM25, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is essential for activating the RIG-I signaling pathway. Ectopic expression of TRIM25 rescues the suppressive effect of the N protein. In addition, the C-terminal domain of the viral N protein plays a pivotal role in the suppression of IFN-β promoter activity. Our findings reveal how MERS-CoV evades innate immunity and provide insights into the interplay between host immune response and viral pathogenicity.
Impairment of the DeISGylation Activity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lpro Causes Attenuation
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Authors: Medina Gisselle N. , Azzinaro Paul , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Gutkoska Joseph , Fang Ying , Diaz-San Segundo Fayna , de los Santos Teresa
Published: April 2020

In this study, we identified an aromatic hydrophobic residue in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (Lpro) (W105) that is involved in the interaction with ISG15. Mutation in Lpro W105 (A12-LproW105A) resulted in reduced deISGylation
in vitro
and in porcine-infected cells. Impaired deISGylase activity correlated with viral attenuation
in vitro
and
in vivo
and did not affect the ability of Lpro to block expression of type I interferon (IFN) and other IFN-stimulated genes. Moreover, overexpression of ISG15 resulted in the reduction of FMDV viral titers. Thus, our study highlights the potential use of Lpro mutants with modified deISGylase activity for development of live attenuated vaccine candidates, and ISG15 as a novel biotherapeutic against FMD.
Draft Genome Sequences of Seven Streptococcus canis Strains Isolated from Diseased Companion Animals in Japan
Authors: Yoshida Haruno , Fukushima Yasuto , Katayama Yukie , Tsuyuki Yuzo , Mizutani Tetsuya , Takahashi Takashi
Published: April 2020

The draft genomes of seven
Streptococcus canis
isolates from diseased dogs and cats in Japan are reported here. The genome sizes ranged from 1.901 Mbp to 2.203 Mbp, with G+C contents of 39.5% to 39.8%. The sequence types, antimicrobial resistance genotypes, and
S. canis
M-like protein alleles were all characterized.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas otitidis Strain MrB4, Isolated from Lake Biwa in Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Kentaro , Hase Erina , Maruya Tomomasa
Published: April 2020

We isolated
Pseudomonas otitidis
strain MrB4 from the near-shore area of Lake Biwa in Japan and generated its complete genome sequence. MrB4 possesses a single circular chromosome of 6,089,454 bp, with ∼97% average nucleotide identity to the
P. otitidis
type strain MCC10330 (draft genome).
Draft Genome Sequence of the Oomycete Globisporangium splendens Strain rgcb-1
Authors: Reghu Rani Jalajakumari , Chellappan Biju Vadakkemukadiyil , Beena Shenu Hudson , Sasi Anu , Vasudevan Soniya Eppurathu , Nair Achuthsankar Sukumaran
Published: April 2020

Globisporangium splendens
(formerly
Pythium splendens
) is an oomycete pathogen of many economically important vegetable crops. Here, we present the first draft genome of
P. splendens
, which comprises 197 scaffolds with a total length of 53.3 Mb and 17,350 predicted protein-coding genes.
Hereditary angioedema: the challenges of cross-border family investigation and treatment
Authors: Brix Anna Trier Heiberg , Svensson Trine Mehlbye , Sandberg Malin , Bygum Anette
Published: April 2020

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by recurrent swellings involving subcutaneous and submucosal tissue that can be potentially life threatening in cases involving the upper airway. In this case report, we present a Syrian refugee family with HAE who have lived in Denmark since 2014. The index patient is an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with HAE after being hospitalised in Denmark with an angioedema attack. Her younger sister and father were diagnosed later, following investigation of the family. Exploring the family history, deaths due to suffocation were described in previous generations and other family members based in Sweden, Germany, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, USA and Syria could also potentially be affected. This highlights the need for a cross-border effort to diagnose and treat this inherited disorder.
Unusual presentation of lipoma on the tongue
Authors: Varma Beena R , Kumar Krishna Santhosh , Verghese Rhea Susan , Janardhanan Mahija
Published: April 2020

Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm which rarely occur in the oral cavity. Of the total reported cases of lipoma, only about 15% to 20% of cases have occurred in the head and neck region and the tongue is an even rarer site with only about 4% of the reported cases occurring in that region. They are slow growing and usually asymptomatic in nature. When it grows to a large size, it can hinder the physiological processes that are associated with the area. This case report describes the diagnostic features of tongue lipoma with a brief review of literature.
Closed rupture of flexor digitorum profundus in zone III
Authors: Bickley Ryan James , Deal James Banks , Frazier Ryan Luke , Daner William Etzler
Published: April 2020

Closed ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon cause a loss of active flexion at the distal interphalangeal joint. Commonly referred to as a ‘jersey finger’ because of its association with tackling sports, the distal aspect of FDP is avulsed from its insertion on the distal phalanx in zone I, with or without a fragment of bone. Because of this classic injury mechanism and pattern, providers may not seek advanced imaging beyond plain radiographs. Although rare, injury to FDP more proximally may occur. More often this injury is associated with a weak underlying tendon because of repetitive microtrauma or anomalous anatomy, for example. We present a case of a closed rupture of the FDP in zone III, and stress the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion and the potential use of adjunct ultrasound imaging to localise the site of injury.
Massive juvenile ossifying fibroma arising from the middle turbinate
Authors: Sofokleous Valentinos , Chrysouli Konstantina , Kyrodimos Efthymios , Giotakis Evangelos
Published: April 2020

A 19-year-old man presented with a long-standing history of nasal obstruction, which gradually became worse over the past 2 years. Nasal endoscopy revealed a sizeable rounded mass covered by a normal-looking mucosa. Imaging studies showed a mass arising from the left middle turbinate that extended throughout the expanse of the anterior skull base. The tumour was resected via an endoscopic endonasal approach. Histopathological examination revealed a psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma. The patient remains free of recurrence after almost 3 years of follow-up. Only four cases of ossifying fibroma with middle turbinate localisation have been reported in the literature so far, with our case representing the fifth and most extensive case. Clinical, radiological and histological findings should all be considered for establishing the correct diagnosis. An endoscopic approach represents an excellent therapeutic option. Long-term clinical and radiological surveillance is required due to the risk of recurrence.
Collaborating with healthcare providers to understand their perspectives on a hospital-to-home warning signs intervention for rural transitional care: protocol of a multimethod descriptive study
Authors: Fox Mary T , Butler Jeffrey I , Sidani Souraya , Durocher Evelyne , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Yamada Janet , Dahlke Sherry , Skinner Mark W
Published: April 2020

Introduction

This study builds on our prior research, which identified that older rural patients and families (1) view preparation for detecting and responding to worsening health conditions as their most pressing unmet transitional care (TC) need and (2) perceive an evidence-based intervention, preparing them to detect and respond to warning signs of worsening health conditions, as highly likely to meet this need. Yet, what healthcare providers need to implement a warning signs intervention in rural TC is unclear. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine healthcare providers’ perspectives on the acceptability of a warning signs intervention and (2) to identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare providers’ provision of the intervention in rural communities.

Methods and analysis

This multimethod descriptive study uses a community-based, participatory research approach. We will examine healthcare providers’ perspectives on a warning signs intervention. A purposive, criterion-based sample of healthcare providers stratified by professional designation (three strata: nurses, physicians and allied healthcare professionals) in two regions (Southwestern and Northeastern Ontario, Canada) will (1) rate the acceptability of the intervention and (2) participate in small (n=4–6 healthcare providers), semistructured telephone focus group discussions on barriers and facilitators to delivering the intervention in rural communities. Two to three focus groups per stratum will be held in each region for a total of 12–18 focus groups. Data will be analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from the Office of Research Ethics at York University and the Health Sciences North Research Ethics Board. Findings will be communicated through plain language summary and policy briefs, press releases, manuscripts and conferences.
Early repatriation post-thrombectomy: a model of care which maximises the capacity of a stroke network to treat patients with large vessel ischaemic stroke
Authors: Griffin Emma , Murphy Sean , Sheehan Mark , Power Sarah , Brennan Paul , O'Hare Alan , Looby Seamus , McWilliams Sebastian , Moynihan Barry , Williams David , Boyle Karl , O'Neill Damien , Collins Ronan , Dolan Eamon , Cassidy Tim , Harbison Joe , O'Connor Margaret , Alderson Jack , Thornton John
Published: April 2020

Background and purpose

Healthcare systems are challenged to provide access to thrombectomy in acute stroke patients. Either the “drip and ship” or “mothership” models result in increased numbers of patients in the endovascular stroke centre (ESC). We describe our approach for a “drip, ship, retrieve and leave” model repatriating patients immediately or within 24 hours of thrombectomy.

Methods

We included consecutive patients who underwent thrombectomy from January 2016 to June 2018. Patients from local region primary stroke centres (PSC) are immediately repatriated and those from remote region PSCs are admitted for 24 hours before repatriation. Key parameters recorded included clinical, radiological and timeline data as well as 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients who stayed beyond the intended time period in the ESC were analysed.

Results

From January 2016 to June 2018, 435 patients were transferred, with 352 patients in the local region group and 83 in the remote region group. The median NIHSS was 16 with a median ASPECTS of 9. Good functional outcome was seen in 47% of patients with a mortality rate of 19%. The local region group that were repatriated at the intended time period had a 90-day mRS 0–2 of 47% compared with 20% of those admitted to the ESC (P=0.006). Mortality rates were 20% and 27% respectively (P=0.377). The remote region group, repatriated at 24 hours' post-emergency endovascular thrombectomy had 90-day mRS 0–2 of 65% compared with 41% in the group admitted (P=0.042). Mortality rates were 4% and 22% respectively (P=0.007).

Conclusion

This model enables the treatment of large numbers of patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischaemic stroke with thrombectomy within a national stroke service and system of care which would not otherwise be facilitated.
Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19
Authors: Sinha Neeraj , Balayla Galit
Published: April 2020

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are medications that have been used for a long time. Their most common use is for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. However, these antimalarial drugs are known to also have anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects and are used for several chronic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus with low adverse effects. The antiviral action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine has been a point of interest to different researchers due to its mechanism of action. Several in vitro studies have proven their effectiveness on severe acute respiratory syndrome virus and currently both in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19). The purpose of this article is to review the history and mechanism of actions of these drugs and the potential use they can have on the current covid-19 pandemic.
Hypoglycaemic effect of catalpol in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced prediabetes
Authors: Xu Dengqiu , Huang Xiaofei , Hassan Hozeifa M. , Wang Lu , Li Sijia , Jiang Zhenzhou , Zhang Luyong , Wang Tao
Published: April 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major health problem and a societal burden. Individuals with prediabetes are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, has been reported to exert a hypoglycaemic effect in db/db mice, but its effect on the progression of prediabetes is unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model of prediabetes and examined the hypoglycaemic effect, and the mechanism of any such effect, of catalpol. Catalpol (200 mg/(kg·day)) had no effect on glucose tolerance or the serum lipid level in a mouse model of impaired glucose tolerance-stage prediabetes. However, catalpol (200 mg/(kg·day)) increased insulin sensitivity and decreased the fasting glucose level in a mouse model of impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance-stage prediabetes. Moreover, catalpol increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (1.52-fold) and adenosine triphosphate content (1.87-fold) in skeletal muscle and improved skeletal muscle function. These effects were mediated by activation of the insulin receptor-1/glucose transporter type 4 (IRS-1/GLUT4) signalling pathway in skeletal muscle. Our findings will facilitate the development of a novel approach to suppressing the progression of diabetes at an early stage.

Novelty Catalpol prevents the progression of prediabetes in a mouse model of prediabetes. Catalpol improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. The effects of catalpol are mediated by activation of the IRS-1/GLUT4 signalling pathway.
Bench to full-scale enhanced primary treatment of municipal wastewater under wet weather flow for minimized pollution load: evaluation of chemical addition and process control indicators
Authors: Alameddine Mirna , Al Umairi Abdul Rahim , Shaikh Mohammed Zakee , Gamal El-Din Mohamed
Published: April 2020

The enhanced primary treatment of municipal primary influent under wet weather conditions was studied through a comprehensive approach from bench to full scale. The study delivered a practical solution for managing seasonal fluctuations in the influent wastewater by determining the most effective operation conditions for coagulation–flocculation. Three metal-based coagulants were tested through a series of jar tests. Alum outperformed other coagulants since 1 mg of Al added as alum with low mixing was able to remove 22 NTU, 19 mg COD, and 0.8 mg ortho-P. Three-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that total suspended solids (TSS) removal depended mostly on rapid mixing while chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ortho-P removals depended on slow mixing and coagulant dose. In bench and full-scale operations, the addition of polymer did not lead to any pronounced improvements. Finally, turbidity and percent ultraviolet transmittance showed good correlation with TSS and ortho-P, which evokes their use as surrogates for micropollutants removal and online process control.
Invaders induce coordinated isotopic niche shifts in native fish species
Authors: Rogosch Jane S. , Olden Julian D.
Published: April 2020

Food-web investigations inform management strategies by exposing potential interactions between native and nonnative species and anticipating likely outcomes associated with species removal efforts. We leveraged a natural gradient of compositional turnover from native-only to nonnative-only fish assemblages, combined with an intensive removal effort, to investigate underlying food-web changes in response to invasive species expansion in a Lower Colorado River tributary. Nonnative fishes caused coordinated isotopic niche displacement in native fishes by inducing resource shifts toward lower trophic positions and enriched carbon sources. By contrast, nonnative fishes did not experience reciprocal shifts when native fishes were present. Asymmetrical outcomes between native and nonnative fishes indicated species displacement may result from competitive or consumptive interactions. Native species’ isotopic niches returned to higher trophic levels after nonnative green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) removal, indicating removal efforts can support trophic recovery of native fishes like desert suckers (Catostomus clarkii) and roundtail chub (Gila robusta). Using stable isotope analysis in preremoval assessments provides opportunities to identify asymmetric interactions, whereas postremoval assessments could identify unintended consequences, like mesopredator release, as part of adaptive decision making to recover native fishes.