bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling the Orientation‐Dependent Second Harmonic Generation in Hybrid Germanium Perovskites
Authors: Guo Zhu , Han Dingchong , Liu Huan , Hu Yaoqiao , Zhang Weixiong , Chen Rui , Mao Lingling
Published: May 2024

Manipulating the crystal orientation plays a crucial role in the conversion efficiency during second harmonic generation (SHG). Here, we provide a new strategy in controlling the surface‐dependent anisotropic SHG with the precise design of (101) and (2
0) MAGeI3 facets. Based on the SHG measurement, the (101) MAGeI3 single crystal exhibits larger SHG (1.3×(2
0) MAGeI3). Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging shows a smaller work function for the (101) MAGeI3 compared with the (2
0), which indirectly demonstrates the stronger intrinsic polarization on the (101) surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the band bending within the (101) facet. Temperature‐dependent steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy show shorter lifetime and wider emission band in the (101) MAGeI3 single crystal, revealing the higher defect states. Additionally, powder X‐ray diffraction patterns show the (101) MAGeI3 possesses larger in‐plane polar units [GeI3]− density, which could directly enhance the spontaneous polarization in the (101) facet. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation further demonstrates the higher intrinsic polarization in the (101) facet compared with the (2
0) facet, and the larger built‐in electric field in the (101) facet facilitates surface vacancy defect accumulation. Our work provides a new angle in tuning and optimizing hybrid perovskite‐based nonlinear optical materials.
Triphenylamine[3]arenes: Streamlining Synthesis of a Versatile Macrocyclic Platform for Supramolecular Architectures and Functionalities
Authors: Fang Wangjian , Zhang Jianyu , Guo Minjie , Zhao Yanli , Sue Andrew C.‐H.
Published: May 2024

Triphenylamine[3]arenes (TPA[3]s), featuring [16]paracyclophane backbone with alternating carbon and nitrogen bridging atoms, were synthesized through a BF3 ⋅ Et2O‐catalyzed cyclization reaction using triphenylamine derivatized monomers and paraformaldehyde. This molecular design yielded a series of TPA[3] macrocycles with high efficiency, with their facile derivatizations also successfully demonstrated. On account of the strong electron‐donating properties of the TPA moieties, these TPA[3]s exhibit remarkable delayed fluorescence, and possess a significant affinity for iodine. Furthermore, their inherent three‐fold symmetry rendered TPA[3]s as novel building blocks for the construction of extended frameworks and molecular cages. This advancement expands the versatility of discrete macrocycles into complex architectures, enhancing their applicability across a broad spectrum of applications.
Boron‐Induced Interstitial Effects Drive Water Oxidation on Ordered Ir−B Compounds
Authors: Chen Ding , Yu Ruohan , Zhao Hongyu , Jiao Jixiang , Mu Xueqin , Yu Jun , Mu Shichun
Published: May 2024

Interstitial filling of light atoms strongly affects the electronic structure and adsorption properties of the parent catalyst due to ligand and ensemble effects. Different from the conventional doping and surface modification, constructing ordered intermetallic structures is more promising to overcome the dissolution and reconstruction of active sites through strong interactions generated by atomic periodic arrangement, achieving joint improvement in catalytic activity and stability. However, for tightly arranged metal lattices, such as iridium (Ir), obtaining ordered filling atoms and further unveiling their interstitial effects are still limited by highly activated processes. Herein, we report a high‐temperature molten salt assisted strategy to form the intermetallic Ir−B compounds (IrB1.1) with ordered filling by light boron (B) atoms. The B residing in the interstitial lattice of Ir constitutes favorable adsorption surfaces through a donor‐acceptor architecture, which has an optimal free energy uphill in rate‐determining step (RDS) of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), resulting in enhanced activity. Meanwhile, the strong coupling of Ir−B structural units suppresses the demetallation and reconstruction behavior of Ir, ensuring catalytic stability. Such B‐induced interstitial effects endow IrB1.1 with higher OER performance than commercial IrO2, which is further validated in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs).
Ratio design of bimetallic Pd‐Rh nanoparticles on MoS2 nanosheets: Excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sookhakian Mehran , Siburian Rikson , Tong Goh Boon , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri , Mahmoud Eyas , Alias Yatimah
Published: May 2024

The decrease in noble metal content presents an efficient approach to attain commercial, effective, and durable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a low fabrication cost. Nonetheless, achieving a proper balance between bimetallic loading ratios and HER performance remains challenging. In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly sonochemical method is employed to successfully synthesize bimetallic palladium–rhodium nanoparticles (Pd‐Rh) with varying ratios, confined within molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets. Bimetallic Pd‐Rh/MoS2 composite with different ratios of Pd:Rh is synthesized by adjusting the feed ratio of Pd and Rh precursors (1:4, 1:1, and 4:1). The HER electrocatalytic activity of the bimetallic Pd1‐Rh1/MoS2 composite exhibits the lowest overpotential and a superior Tafel slope, closely rivaling the electrocatalytic activity of the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. Furthermore, the bimetallic Pd1‐Rh1/MoS2 composite exhibits remarkable stability and durability, with almost negligible performance decay after 2000 cycles. These outstanding HER electrocatalytic properties of the bimetallic composite result from a higher number of active sites, a significantly larger electrochemically active surface area, reduced charge‐transfer resistance, and a larger double‐layer capacitance. These factors collectively facilitate faster adsorption and desorption of hydron on the surface of electrocatalyst.
Preparation and indoor virulence determination of a temperature‐sensitive insecticide against Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)
Authors: Wang Aqiang , Ni Chengcheng , Peng Sihua , Yang Shuyan , Wu Qianxing , Zhou Shihao
Published: May 2024

Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important fruit and vegetable pest, especially in high‐temperature seasons. In our previous research, we developed a temperature‐sensitive sustained‐release attractant for Z. cucurbitae, that not only can control the release rate of cuelure according to the temperature change, but also shows an excellent trapping effect on Z. cucurbitae. To further enhance the killing effect of the temperature‐sensitive attractant on Z. cucurbitae, this study proposed using it in combination with an insecticide to prepare a temperature‐sensitive insecticide for Z. cucurbitae. Based on the controlled release technology of pesticides, a temperature‐sensitive Z. cucurbitae insecticide was developed by using PNIPAM gel as a temperature‐sensitive switch to carry both cuelure and insecticide at the same time. In addition, the lethal effect of different pesticides on Z. cucurbitae were tested by indoor toxicity test, and the best pesticide combination was screened out. The temperature‐sensitive insecticide prepared in this study not only had excellent thermal response and controlled release ability, but also enhanced its toxicological effects on Z. cucurbitae because it contained insecticides. Among them, combining thiamethoxam and clothianidin with the temperature‐sensitive attractants was the most effective, and their lethality reached more than 97% against Z. cucurbitae. This study is not only of great practical significance for the monitoring and controlling Z. cucurbitae, but also provides theoretical basis and reference value for the combination of temperature‐sensitive attractant and insecticide.
Synthesis and biological studies of pyrimidine derivatives targeting metabolic enzymes
Authors: Korkusuz Elif , Sert Yusuf , Arslan Seher , Aydın Hava , Yıldırım İsmail , Demir Yeliz , Gülçin İlhami , Koca İrfan
Published: May 2024

Novel synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were investigated against carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α‐glycosidase, and aldose reductase (AR) enzymes associated with some common diseases such as epilepsy, glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and neuropathy. When the results were examined, novel synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were found to have effective inhibition abilities toward the metabolic enzymes. IC50 values and Ki values were calculated for each pyrimidine derivative and compared to positive controls. The synthesized novel pyrimidine derivatives exhibited Ki values in the range of 39.16 ± 7.70–144.62 ± 26.98 nM against hCA I, 18.21 ± 3.66–136.35 ± 21.48 nM toward hCA II, which is associated with different pathological and physiological processes, 33.15 ± 4.85–52.98 ± 19.86 nM on AChE, and 31.96 ± 8.24–69.57 ± 21.27 nM on BChE. Also, Ki values were determined in the range of 17.37 ± 1.11–253.88 ± 39.91 nM against α‐glycosidase and 648.82 ± 53.74–1902.58 ± 98.90 nM toward AR enzymes. Within the scope of the study, the inhibition types of the novel synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated.
Mixed N,O‐donor Directed Blue Emissive Nano‐dispersed Mesoporous Mn(II)‐MOF: Dual Sensing Probe for Recyclable and Ultrasensitive ppb‐Level Recognition of TNP and Cr(VI)‐Oxoanions
Authors: Mondal Udayan , Raksha Kumari , Mondal Priyantan , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: May 2024

A new mesoporous Mn(II)‐MOF [Mn2(phen)2(nia)2]∞ with 4‐c uninodal net topology and reiterating rectangular channels in its cargo‐net like extension was synthesized using π‐conjugated phenanthroline (phen) and syn‐syn bridging 5‐nitroisopthalic acid (nia) linkers. The MOF (1) exhibited phase purity, uniform morphology, photo and thermal stability, and robustness; duly triggered by the exceptional framework rigidity via intermolecular H‐bonding and interlayer π–π stacking interactions. The bright‐blue luminescence of the MOF nano‐dispersion was explored for sensitive, specific and ultrafast detection of trinitrophenol (TNP) with extremely low LOD (90.62 nM), high KSV (18.27×104 M−1) and Kq (4×1014 M−1s−1). The vapor‐phase TNP sensing was also accomplished. Additionally, 1 served towards discriminatory, aqueous‐phase monitoring of Cr(VI)‐oxoanions, depicting LODs: 36.08 and 35.70 ppb; KSV: 3.46×104 and 4.87×104 M−1; Kq: 3.26×1013 M−1s−1 and 4.31×1013 M−1s−1; and response time: 32 and 40s for CrO42− and Cr2O72− respectively. The quenching mechanisms (i. e., RET, PET, IFE, weak interactions, collisional quenching and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking) was explained from several experimental investigations and theoretical DFT calculations. The recyclable sensing events and quantification from complex environmental matrices with admirable recovery rates and high KSV (13.02–22.44×104; ~6.31–10.98×104 and ~6.60–11.42×104 M−1 for TNP, CrO42− and Cr2O72−) undoubtedly advocated the consistency of the probe.
Categorizing and identifying preferred interests in autistic toddlers
Authors: Frisch MaryKate , Coulter Kirsty L. , Thomas Rebecca P. , Barton Marianne L. , Robins Diana L. , Fein Deborah A.
Published: May 2024

Preferred interests are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder and are reported by parents starting at an early age. However, limited research has explored the presentation of preferred interests in toddlerhood. Previous literature suggests that both the intensity and type of preferred interests held by autistic individuals differ from those held by peers with developmental delay and no diagnosis and that autistic interests are more unusual in nature. While preferred interests are seen in typical child development, previous research suggests that the presence of preferred interests in children with no diagnosis declines with age. Literature also indicates that the sex and cognitive ability of autistic children influences preferred interests. Identification of early preferred interests commonly held by autistic toddlers could serve as a useful clinical indicator of future diagnosis. This article explored whether diagnostic group, age, sex, and cognitive ability predict the likelihood that parents reported preferred interests in children aged 12–36 months with diagnoses of autism, developmental delay, and those with no diagnosis. Additionally, we explored potential diagnostic group differences in interest type. Results suggest that diagnostic group, but not age, sex, or cognitive ability, predicts the likelihood that parents report preferred interests. No differences in the type of interests among diagnostic groups were identified. These results support the use of preferred interests as an early sign of autism but suggest that interest type may not be a helpful clinical indicator of autism in toddlerhood.
A one‐process production of completely biotinylated proteins in a T7 expression system
Authors: Kawashima Takuma , Nakamura Mitsuki , Sakono Masafumi
Published: May 2024

Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein with high specificity and affinity for biotin. The interaction between avidin and biotin has become a valuable tool in nanotechnology. In recent years, the site‐specific biotin modification of proteins using biotin ligases, such as BirA, has attracted attention. This study established an in vivo method for achieving the complete biotinylation of target proteins using a single plasmid co‐expressing BirA and its target proteins. Specifically, a biotin‐modified protein was produced in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) using a single plasmid containing genes encoding both BirA and a protein fused to BirA's substrate sequence, Avitag. This approach simplifies the production of biotinylated proteins in E. coli and allows the creation of various biotinylated protein types through gene replacement. Furthermore, the biotin modification rate of the obtained target protein could be evaluated using Native‐PAGE without performing complicated isolation operations of biotinylated proteins. In Native‐PAGE, biotin‐modified proteins and unmodified proteins were confirmed as clearly different bands, and it was possible to easily derive the modification rate from the respective band intensities.
Traditional social learning predicts cyber deviance? Exploring the offending versatility thesis in social learning theory
Authors: Zhou You , Liu Weidi , Lee Claire , Xu Boyang , Sun Ivan
Published: May 2024

Social learning theory has been widely implemented to understand cyber deviance. Nevertheless, the antecedent scholarship homogenously nested in the perspective of offending specification, leaving the offending versatility thesis unattained. The lack of such studies may undermine the capability of comprehensively understanding the social learning patterns of online offending. Using a sample of 3741 Chinese college students, this study estimated an array of binary logistic regressions to compare the effects of traditional and online social learning in four types of online offending (online sexual harassment, cyberbullying, hacking, and digital piracy). The results suggest that offending versatility and offending specification co‐exist in the social learning process of cyber deviance, while offending specification explains a marginally greater variance. Besides, online learning variables act as potential mediators in the relationships between traditional learning and cyber deviance. Furthermore, traditional social learning shows greater predictive power in cyber‐enabled crimes than in cyber‐dependent crimes. Our study provides fresh empirical evidence for the non‐exclusive association between offending versatility and offending specification in the social learning process of cyber deviance.
Abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy versus chemotherapy after progression on prior palbociclib in HR+/HER2‐ metastatic breast cancer: A single center real‐world study in China
Authors: Jiang Hanfang , Zhong Jianxin , Wang Jing , Song Guohong , Di Lijun , Shao Bin , Zhang Ruyan , Liu Yaxin , Zhu Anjie , Wang Nan , Li Huiping
Published: May 2024

Background

Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor plus endocrine therapy (ET) become standard‐of‐care for patients with hormone receptor‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 negative (HR+/HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the optimal therapeutic paradigm after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitor remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of abemaciclib with switching ET versus chemotherapy after progression on prior palbociclib‐based ET in Chinese patients with HR+/HER2− MBC.

Methods

From 414 consecutive patients with HR+/HER2− MBC who had been treated with palbociclib plus ET from September 2018 to May 2022 in Peking University Cancer Hospital, we identified 80 patients who received abemaciclib plus switching ET or chemotherapy after progression on palbociclib, matched for age, original stage at diagnosis, disease‐free interval, and tumor burden at 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS) compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox proportional hazard model was performed to identify clinical factors associated with PFS in the abemaciclib group.

Results

The median PFS was 6.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.94–8.06) in abemaciclib group and 4.0 months (95% CI, 2.52–5.49) in chemotherapy group (p = 0.667). And, there was no difference in median PFS between the sequential and nonsequential arm (6.0 vs. 6.0 months) in the abemaciclib group though fewer lines of prior systemic therapy and longer PFS from prior palbociclib in the sequential arm. However, patients with prior palbociclib as the first‐line therapy had a significantly longer median PFS versus prior palbociclib as ≥2nd‐line therapy (11.0 vs. 5.0 months, p = 0.043). Based on multivariable analysis, ER+/PR+ was an independent factor associated with longer PFS. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the abemaciclib and chemotherapy groups (p = 0.069).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that abemaciclib plus switching ET might be one of feasible treatment options for Chinese patients with HR+/HER2− MBC after progression on prior palbociclib‐based therapy in addition to chemotherapy.
The double life of a chemotherapy drug: Immunomodulatory functions of gemcitabine in cancer
Authors: Larson Alaina C. , Doty Kenadie R. , Solheim Joyce C.
Published: May 2024

Although the development of immunotherapies has been revolutionary in the treatment of several cancers, many cancer types remain unresponsive to immune‐based treatment and are largely managed by chemotherapy drugs. However, chemotherapeutics are not infallible and are frequently rendered ineffective as resistance develops from prolonged exposure. Recent investigations have indicated that some chemotherapy drugs have additional functions beyond their normative cytotoxic capacity and are in fact immune‐modifying agents. Of the pharmaceuticals with identified immune‐editing properties, gemcitabine is well‐studied and of interest to clinicians and scientists alike. Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug approved for the treatment of multiple cancers, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian. Because of its broad applications, relatively low toxicity profile, and history as a favorable combinatory partner, there is promise in the recharacterization of gemcitabine in the context of the immune system. Such efforts may allow the identification of suitable immunotherapeutic combinations, wherein gemcitabine can be used as a priming agent to improve immunotherapy efficacy in traditionally insensitive cancers. This review looks to highlight documented immunomodulatory abilities of one of the most well‐known chemotherapy agents, gemcitabine, relating to its influence on cells and proteins of the immune system.
‘Then I Met This Lovely Police Woman’ Young People's Experiences of Engagement with the Criminal Justice System
Authors: McElvaney Rosaleen , Collin‐Vezina Delphine , Alaggia Ramona , Simpson Megan
Published: May 2024

Young people's voices detailing how they experienced engagement with the criminal justice system following child sexual abuse, what was helpful or unhelpful and how services can be improved to minimise secondary victimisation and maximise the potential for healing are largely absent from the research literature. This paper draws on semi‐structured interviews with a culturally diverse sample (n = 47) of young people aged 14 to 25 across Ireland and Canada about their experiences of disclosure and engagement with systems. Data were collected pertaining to experiences engaging with law enforcement personnel using thematic analysis with a trauma‐informed lens. The research identified three key themes: the importance of feeling safe through kindness, transparency and being believed; the importance of having a say; and the importance of timely court processes. The study builds on the small body of qualitative research illustrating young people's lived experiences of engaging with the criminal justice system and provides empirical support for promoting a trauma‐informed approach in how police engage with young people. Guidance is offered for police professionals on how to engage with adolescents following sexual abuse.
An analysis of long‐term clinical outcome following the use of excimer laser coronary atherectomy in a large UK PCI center
Authors: Hinton Jonathan , Tuffs Conor , Varma Rajesh , Hurwitz‐Bremner Robert , Hein Aung , Kwok Chun Shing , Din Jehangir , Kodoth Vivek , Levy Terry , Swallow Rosie , Talwar Suneel , O'Kane Peter
Published: May 2024

Background

Excimer laser atherectomy (ELCA) is an established adjunctive technique to facilitate acute success in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite this there are a lack of contemporary outcome data, particulary longer‐term, forpatients treated with ELCA PCI.

Aims

To evaluate the contemporary use ofELCA in PCI, the frequency of periprocedural complications and the longer‐term outcomes associated with ELCA PCI.

Methods

This was a retrospective study that included all patients undergoing PCI (with or without ELCA) between April 2005 and May 2021. Relevant features from all cases were downloaded from the patient record and matched to hospital data on mortality on November 22, 2022. Kaplan Meier curves were used to compare mortality between the ELCA PCI and non‐ELCA PCI cohorts with a landmark at 1 year. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to assess whether ELCA PCI was independently associated with long‐term mortality.

Result

There were 21,256 patients in this analysis, of which 448 (2.1%) were treated with ELCA PCI. ELCA PCI was associated with a higher frequency of any periprocedural complication. Median follow‐up was 2812 days (IQR, 1577–4245 days) with higher mortality in ELCA PCI (38.2% vs. 29.0%,p < 0.001). However, on multivariable analysis, ELCA PCI was not independently associated with long‐term mortality. The TVR frequency in ELCA PCI was 16.7% but TVR was significantly higher for cases of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) (29.5%).

Conclusion

Despite ELCA PCI being used in higher risk populations with complex coronary artery disease there was no long‐term increased mortality associated with the use of this device. ELCA PCI for ISR is highly effective and safe although TVR in this cohort remains high in long‐term follow‐up.
Helicene Appended Benzothiadiazoles as Chiral Emitters
Authors: Martin Kévin , Aharon Tal , Mastropasqua Talamo Maurizio , Hauser Andreas , Bürgi Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Caricato Marco , Avarvari Narcis
Published: May 2024

A homologous series of 4,7‐bis(aryl) substituted benzothiadiazole (BTD) compounds, containing the helicenic derivatives bis([4]helicene), bis([5]helicene) and bis([6]helicene), have been prepared upon a double Suzuki coupling between 3,6‐bis(pinacolyl‐borane)‐BTD and the corresponding bromo‐aryl precursors. The single crystal X‐ray structure of the bis([4]helicene) compound shows the existence of both helicities (M) and (P) on the same molecule. All the compounds of the series are highly emissive in solution, with quantum yields of the emission ranging from 50 to 91 %. The enantiopure compounds (M,M) and (P,P) for the BTD‐bis([6]helicene) have been prepared from the corresponding enantiopure 2‐bromo‐[6]helicene precursors. Their chiroptical properties have been investigated in correlation with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which allowed to confidently assign the absolute configuration of the helicene arms and to characterize the different electronic transitions, including the low energy charge transfer excitation from helicenes to BTD. The enantiomerically pure fluorophores (M,M)‐ and (P,P)‐BTD‐bis([6]helicene), which exist in solution as two main conformers, according to the DFT calculations, show CPL activity in solution, with glum factors of ≈1.7×10−3 at λem=525 nm, and also in the solid state, with glum factors of ≈1.2×10−3 in spite of the strong decrease of the quantum efficiency.
Effective approach to assess higher heating value of biomass from ultimate and proximate analysis
Authors: Ghiasi Mohammad M. , Mohammadzadeh Omid , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Fgaier Hedia
Published: May 2024

For proper design and operation of biomass‐based energy systems, it is important to determine the higher heating value (HHV) of biomass. In this paper, two machine learning (ML) approaches, namely extra trees (ET) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), are used to predict the value of HHV associated with biofuels. The data required for HHV calculation, including proximate and ultimate analyses datasets, were collected from the literature. The performances of these two ML approaches for predicting biomass HHV were then compared with other smart models available in the literature. Even though the available empirical models can predict the biomass HHV with acceptable precision, it was found that our proposed ML techniques have a superior performance based on the error analysis; the proposed approaches also consider all key biomass characteristics in the developed models. In addition, the ET model proved to be slightly more accurate compared to the LSSVM model. Additionally, the developed proximate‐based ET model showed better performance compared to the ultimate‐based ET model. The most influential parameters in the developed ET models for the proximate and ultimate approaches were determined to be ash fraction and carbon fraction, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that the smart modelling techniques can be utilized as a robust and reliable alternative predictive methodology to replace direct laboratory measurement of the biomass HHV.
First‐Principles Study of High‐Entropy Sulfides and their Alkali Metal‐Doped Modification as Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shun , Tong Likai , Zhang Bo , Fu Xiuli
Published: May 2024

High‐entropy materials (HEMs) have been explored as high‐capacity cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their excellent structural stability and abundant metal redox sites. Among them, high‐entropy sulfides (HESs) have greater potential and more extensive research than high‐entropy oxides, as they exhibit higher charging voltage and theoretical capacity as cathodes. Furthermore, alkali metal doping of HESs can further enhance their performance and broaden their application fields. Inspired by the cocktail effect of HEMs, we performed the first theoretical calculation of the properties of Na(MnFeCoNi)1/2S and its Li‐doped derivative, Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S, to understand their potential as SIB cathode materials. Using density functional theory based on first principles, we investigated the structure and electronic characteristics of Na(MnFeCoNi)1/2S and Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S, and calculated their theoretical voltage and capacity, respectively. Compared with Na(MnFeCoNi)1/2S, Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S showed better electronic performance in reducing the band gap and increasing the density of states, ultimately providing a specific capacity of 160.3 mAh ⋅ g−1 and a charging voltage of 4.85 V in sodium‐ion storage. Moreover, Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S exhibited remarkable structural stability throughout the sodium‐ion deintercalation process, thus it can be reasonably concluded that Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S can serve as an excellent cathode material for future SIB applications.
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology for Predicting and Maximizing Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil with KI/CaO/Al2O3 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Loryuenyong Vorrada , Rohing Sitifatimah , Singhanam Papatsara , Kamkang Hatsatorn , Buasri Achanai
Published: May 2024

Biodiesel from waste oil is produced using heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification in a fixed bed reactor (FBR). Potassium iodide/calcium oxide/alumina (KI/CaO/Al2O3) catalyst was prepared through the processes of calcination and impregnation. The novel catalyst was analyzed with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX). The design of experiment (DoE) method resulted in a total of 20 experimental runs. The significance of 3 reaction parameters, namely catalyst bed height, methanol to waste oil molar ratio, and residence time, and their combined impact on biodiesel yield is investigated. Both the artificial neural network (ANN) based on artificial intelligence (AI) and the Box‐Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized in order to optimize the process conditions and maximize the biodiesel production. A quadratic regression model was developed to predict biodiesel yield, with a correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.9994 for ANN model and a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9986 for BBD model. The maximum amount of biodiesel that can be produced is 98.88 % when catalyst bed height is 7.87 cm, molar ratio of methanol to waste oil is 17.47 : 1, and residence time is 3.12 h. The results of this study indicate that ANN and BBD models can effectively be used to optimize and synthesize the highest %yield of biodiesel in a FBR.
Aqueous Redox Flow Cells Utilizing Verdazyl Cations enabled by Polybenzimidazole Membranes
Authors: Kunz Simon , Bui Trung Tuyen , Emmel Dominik , Janek Jürgen , Henkensmeier Dirk , Schröder Daniel
Published: May 2024

Non‐aqueous organic redox flow batteries (RFB) utilizing verdazyl radicals are increasingly explored as energy storage technology. Verdazyl cations in RFBs with acidic aqueous electrolytes, however, have not been investigated yet. To advance the application in aqueous RFBs it is crucial to examine the interaction with the utilized membranes. Herein, the interactions between the 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazyl cation and commercial Nafion 211 and self‐casted polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are systematically investigated to improve the performance in RFBs. The impact of polymer backbones is studied by using mPBI and OPBI as well as different pre‐treatments with KOH and H3PO4. Nafion 211 shows substantial absorption of the 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazylium cation resulting in loss of conductivity. In contrast, mPBI and OPBI are chemically stable against the verdazylium cation without noticeable absorption. Pre‐treatment with KOH leads to a significant increase in ionic conductivity as well as low absorption and permeation of the verdazylium cation. Symmetrical RFB cell tests on lab‐scale highlight the beneficial impact of PBI membranes in terms of capacity retention and I‐V curves over Nafion 211. With only 2 % d−1 capacity fading 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazyl cations in acidic electrolytes with low‐cost PBI based membranes exhibit a higher cycling stability compared to state‐of‐the‐art batteries using verdazyl derivatives in non‐aqueous electrolytes.
A novel speed sensor‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control of dual‐stator induction generator for grid‐tied wind energy conversion system
Authors: Das Abhijit , Chatterjee Shantanu
Published: May 2024

The paper proposes a novel speed sensor‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control of dual‐stator induction generator suitable for high‐power applications in grid‐tied wind energy conversion system. In this control strategy, the magnitude and angle of the flux are directly estimated by the measured stator voltages and currents. As the voltage and current sensors are placed on the stationery stator part, therefore, the proposed control strategy does not affect the robustness of the machine compared to the conventional rotor flux‐oriented vector control where the sensors need to be mounted on the rotating part of the machine. Moreover, the proposed speed encoder‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control eliminates the use of speed encoder, thereby reducing the cost and eliminating the error caused due to faulty speed measurement by the speed encoder of the overall system. The performance of the novel speed sensor‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control scheme has been verified by simulation and then experimentally on a 2 hp, 415 V, 50 Hz, three‐phase dual‐stator induction generator drive. The control strategy was implemented through dSPACE 1104 DAC card. From the simulated and the experimental results, it is evident that the proposed control strategy reflects improved performance w.r.t. conventional rotor flux‐oriented vector control.
A new‐high efficiency non‐isolated DC‐DC converter with combination of step‐up techniques
Authors: Mizani Amirreza , Gao Hang , Amraei Amin , Khaburi Davood Arab
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a new high‐step‐up DC‐DC converter without any coupled inductors or transformers is introduced. The structure of the introduced converter consists of two boost techniques, namely, switched inductor and switched capacitor, used simultaneously. The drawbacks of each technique are mitigated according to the proposed structure and the introduced control method. Therefore, the main contribution of the introduced converter is its ability to use boost techniques while avoiding high input current ripples and inrush currents in the path of semiconductor devices. Thus, there is no need for an auxiliary inductor. Additionally, the number of required components is low, and it benefits from a common ground, which are advantages of this converter in terms of economy and reliability. Another advantage is the high efficiency of the proposed converter in comparison with recent topologies, making it suitable for renewable energy applications such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cell applications. The proposed converter has been implemented in a laboratory to verify its performance. It operates at 94.51% efficiency with a 200 W output power, a 40 kHz switching frequency, a 40 V input voltage, and a 240 V output voltage.
A novel dual‐band forward/inverse Doherty power amplifier
Authors: Jiang Shuren , Liu Guohua , You Minghui , Wu Yuezhi
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a dual‐band forward/inverse Doherty power amplifier (F/I‐DPA) based on hybrid load modulation network is proposed. The amplifier replaces the λ/4 transmission line in a conventional Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with a coupler‐based load modulation network (LMN) that incorporates a post matching network (PMN) for load modulation at the isolated ports. The LMN can realize both conventional DPA and inverse DPA load modulation methods in the operating band. In order to verify this theory, a prototype with 6 dB output power back‐off (OBO) at 3.3–3.6 GHz and 4.8–5.0 GHz was designed. The measured results indicate that the output power of the F/I‐DPA is 42–42.8 dBm and 41.4–43.4 dBm, and its saturation efficiencies are 68.1%–74.2% and 61%–72.6%, respectively. The corresponding 6‐dB OBO efficiencies is 37.4%–54.5% and 38%–49.3%, respectively.
Targeting c‐Myc transactivation by LMNA inhibits tRNA processing essential for malate‐aspartate shuttle and tumour progression
Authors: Wang Jianqun , Hong Mei , Cheng Yang , Wang Xiaojing , Li Dan , Chen Guo , Bao Banghe , Song Jiyu , Du Xinyi , Yang Chunhui , Zheng Liduan , Tong Qiangsong
Published: May 2024

Background

A series of studies have demonstrated the emerging involvement of transfer RNA (tRNA) processing during the progression of tumours. Nevertheless, the roles and regulating mechanisms of tRNA processing genes in neuroblastoma (NB), the prevalent malignant tumour outside the brain in children, are yet unknown.

Methods

Analysis of multi‐omics results was conducted to identify crucial regulators of downstream tRNA processing genes. Co‐immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry methods were utilised to measure interaction between proteins. The impact of transcriptional regulators on expression of downstream genes was measured by dual‐luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation, western blotting and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) methods. Studies have been conducted to reveal impact and mechanisms of transcriptional regulators on biological processes of NB. Survival differences were analysed using the log‐rank test.

Results

c‐Myc was identified as a transcription factor driving tRNA processing gene expression and subsequent malate‐aspartate shuttle (MAS) in NB cells. Mechanistically, c‐Myc directly promoted the expression of glutamyl‐prolyl‐tRNA synthetase (EPRS) and leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LARS), resulting in translational up‐regulation of glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) as well as malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) via inhibiting general control nonrepressed 2 or activating mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling. Meanwhile, lamin A (LMNA) inhibited c‐Myc transactivation via physical interaction, leading to suppression of MAS, aerobic glycolysis, tumourigenesis and aggressiveness. Pre‐clinically, lobeline was discovered as a LMNA‐binding compound to facilitate its interaction with c‐Myc, which inhibited aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase expression, MAS and tumour progression of NB, as well as growth of organoid derived from c‐Myc knock‐in mice. Low levels of LMNA or elevated expression of c‐Myc, EPRS, LARS, GOT1 or MDH1 were linked to a worse outcome and a shorter survival time of clinical NB patients.

Conclusions

These results suggest that targeting c‐Myc transactivation by LMNA inhibits tRNA processing essential for MAS and tumour progression.
Identification of N‐pyrrolidino protonitazene in powders sold as heroin and associated with overdose clusters in Dublin and Cork, Ireland
Authors: Killoran Sarah , McNamara Sinéad , Kavanagh Pierce , O'Brien John , Lakes Rodney
Published: May 2024

Synthetic opioids have been associated globally with adverse effects in drug users. The nitazene group of drugs is a relatively new addition to the synthetic opioid class emerging in Europe in 2019. Some nitazenes have been shown to be more potent than fentanyl. Overdose clusters in heroin users in Dublin (57 cases) and Cork (20 cases), Ireland, in November and December 2023, respectively, prompted a rapid response from a number of Irish laboratories to identify the substance(s) of concern. Light brown (tan) powders were obtained from cases associated with overdoses, and the results from these analyses by collaboration of four laboratories are reported here. The samples were found to contain N‐pyrrolidino protonitazene (protonitazepyne), caffeine, paracetamol, benzoic acid and mannitol.
Divvying up the pie: Tissue nutrient content is related to its parasite load
Authors: Stanley Adrienne , Valentine Shaley , Narr Charlotte F.
Published: May 2024

The nutrient content of host resources can influence the abundance of parasites within an ecosystem, but linking specific nutrients in a host to the abundance of different parasite taxa remains a challenge. Here, we work to forge this link by quantifying the relationship between the nutrient content of specific infection sites and the abundance of multiple parasite taxa within the digestive tract of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) collected from the Mississippi River. To generate a mechanistic understanding of these relationships, we tested four basic predictions: (1) the nutrient content of different host tissues (infection sites) varies within and across hosts, (2) the nutrient content of parasite genera differs from that of their host tissue(s), (3) the nutrient content of parasite genera differ from one another and (4) the nutrient content of host tissues is related to the nutrient content and abundance of parasite genera. We found support for each of these predictions. We found stoichiometric differences between the digestive tissues we examined. We also found that across hosts, intestine and pyloric caeca C:N ratios increased and %N decreased with fish condition factor. Both of the actively feeding parasitic genera we measured had lower C:N ratios compared to both their host tissue and other encysted/non‐reproductive genera, suggesting the potential for N limitation of these parasites in the intestines or pyloric caeca of hosts. Consistent with this possibility, we found that the total number of actively feeding parasitic worms in the pyloric caeca increased with that tissue's N:P ratio (but was not related to host condition factor). Our results suggest that parasites encounter significant variation in nutrient content within and across hosts and that this variation may influence the abundance of actively feeding parasites. This work highlights the need for additional empirical comparisons of parasite stoichiometry across tissues and individual hosts.
Large‐scale assessment of genetic structure to assess risk of populations of a large herbivore to disease
Authors: Walter W. David , Fameli Alberto , Russo‐Petrick Kelly , Edson Jessie E. , Rosenberry Christopher S. , Schuler Krysten L. , Tonkovich Michael J.
Published: May 2024

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) can spread among cervids by direct and indirect transmission, the former being more likely in emerging areas. Identifying subpopulations allows the delineation of focal areas to target for intervention. We aimed to assess the population structure of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern United States at a regional scale to inform managers regarding gene flow throughout the region. We genotyped 10 microsatellites in 5701 wild deer samples from Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. We evaluated the distribution of genetic variability through spatial principal component analysis and inferred genetic structure using non‐spatial and spatial Bayesian clustering algorithms (BCAs). We simulated populations representing each inferred wild cluster, wild deer in each state and each physiographic province, total wild population, and a captive population. We conducted genetic assignment tests using these potential sources, calculating the probability of samples being correctly assigned to their origin. Non‐spatial BCA identified two clusters across the region, while spatial BCA suggested a maximum of nine clusters. Assignment tests correctly placed deer into captive or wild origin in most cases (94%), as previously reported, but performance varied when assigning wild deer to more specific origins. Assignments to clusters inferred via non‐spatial BCA performed well, but efficiency was greatly reduced when assigning samples to clusters inferred via spatial BCA. Differences between spatial BCA clusters are not strong enough to make assignment tests a reliable method for inferring the geographic origin of deer using 10 microsatellites. However, the genetic distinction between clusters may indicate natural and anthropogenic barriers of interest for management.
Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017: A new threat to Iberian inland waters
Authors: Sánchez Omar , Oficialdegui Francisco J. , Torralba‐Burrial Antonio , Arbesú Ramón , Valle‐Artaza José María , Fernández‐González Ángel , Ardura Alba , Arias Andrés
Published: May 2024

An eco‐monitoring programme to assess faunal biodiversity in the main rivers of the northern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) reveals the first occurrence of the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Iberian inland waters. Iberian specimens have been identified by combining morphological and genetic traits. We discuss the most plausible pathways and introduction vectors, its potential invasiveness and subsequent impacts on host localities. Our preliminary results raise concern about the potential threat of P. virginalis to native fauna and ecosystem dynamics, as P. virginalis was found in an area of great cultural and ecological importance with relevant populations of endangered species. Due to the invasive history of the marbled crayfish, eradication of these individuals is urgent. This study confirms the importance of early warning systems for exotic species, keeping the population, forest guards and field technicians informed about potential invasive species to execute a rapid and effective response.
As human societies urbanize, so does ecology; taxonomic, geographic, and other research trends in urban vertebrate ecology
Authors: Rainey Travis A. , Schneider Alaini C. , Pakula Carson J. , Swanson Bradley J.
Published: May 2024

The threat to biodiversity posed by urban expansion is well researched and supported. Since the late 1990s, the field of urban ecology has been expanding along with the developed landscapes it studies. Past reviews have shown unequal publication rates in urban ecology literature for taxonomic groups and research locations. Herein, we explore differences in the publication rate of urban studies by vertebrate groups, but also expand on previous investigations by broadening the scope of the literature searched, exploring trends in subtopics within the urban wildlife literature, identifying geographic patterns of such publications, and comparing the rate at which non‐native and threatened and endangered species are studied in urban settings. We used linear and segmented regression to assess publication rates and Fisher's exact tests for comparisons between groups. All vertebrate groups show an increasing proportion of urban studies through time, with urban avian studies accelerating most sharply and herpetofauna appearing to be understudied. Non‐native mammals are more studied than non‐native birds, and threatened and endangered herpetofauna and mammals are more likely to be studied than threatened and endangered birds in urban areas. The plurality of urban wildlife studies are found in North America, while there is a dearth of studies from Africa, Asia, and South America. Our results can help inform decisions of urban ecologists on how to better fill in knowledge gaps and bring a greater degree of equity into the field.