bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improvement design of groove-wound clothing on the licker-in—Part I. Theoretical analysis and modeling validation
Authors: He Shanshan , Cheng Longdi , Xue Wenliang , Hua Zhihong , Chen Liguo , Lu Zhong
Published: February 2018

This paper argues that the groove-wound licker-in racks’ spiral mounting leads teeth with an inclination angle to the rotating direction. Theoretical analysis of forces on the fibers is carried out when the inclination angle is 0 and θ: when the teeth enter the fiber layer, the inclination angle makes the pressure on fibers increases rapidly and leads to a stronger friction force on fibers. It also leads to increases in both contact area and the wrap angle of the fiber around the teeth. This article also uses ANSYS Explicit Dynamics to simulate the fiber assembly carded by a tooth, when the inclination angle is 0°, 1° and 2°. When the inclination angle of the model is 1°, its fiber deformation is 1.35 times that of 0°; its elastic strain and stress concentration coefficient are 1.40 times than that of 0°; when the inclination angle of the model is 2°, its fiber deformation is 1.72 times than that of 0°; its elastic strain and stress concentration coefficient are 2 times than that of 0°. As with the inclinations increasing, the fiber deformations increase in time grow from 0.0634 and 0.08477 to 0.10584. The simulation also shows that when the tooth works on the fibers, there is a sudden compressive stress on fibers and then this pressure transfers with time. From all of the above, the inclination angle on licker-in teeth results in larger strain and deformation on fibers, so that this inclination angle should be decreased as much as possible in practice.
Model-free tuning strategy of fractional-order PI controller for speed regulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Xie Yuanlong , Tang Xiaoqi , Song Bao , Zhou Xiangdong , Guo Yixuan
Published: February 2018

This paper investigates a model-free tuning method of a fractional-order proportional–integral (FOPI) controller and its application for the speed regulation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Firstly, the presented practical FOPI tuning method formulates the FOPI controller parameter identification problem via virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT). Under the lack of accurate models, the proposed model-free method depends only on the measured input–output data of the closed-loop PMSM servo system. Secondly, Bode’s ideal transfer function is incorporated into the VRFT with consideration of the systematic fractional dynamics. Thus, the properties of the resulting system may be approximated to the desired fractional-order reference model. Thirdly, the proposed method fully considers optimal performance constraints on the stability requirements, sensitivity criteria, frequency-domain and time-domain characteristics. Then, the comprehensive optimization problem is derived and solved. Using suitably tuned parameters, the robustness and disturbance rejection ability of the VRFT-based FOPI control system are enhanced to achieve optimal performance. The convergence of the proposed method is proved by theoretical analysis. Finally, experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model-free FOPI control method for the PMSM servo system.
Stimulated by Novelty? The Role of Psychological Needs and Perceived Creativity
Authors: De Jonge Kiki M. M. , Rietzschel Eric F. , Van Yperen Nico W.
Published: February 2018

In the current research, we aimed to address the inconsistent finding in the brainstorming literature that cognitive stimulation sometimes results from novel input, yet other times from non-novel input. We expected and found, in three experiments, that the strength and valence of this relationship are moderated by people’s psychological needs for structure and autonomy. Specifically, the effect of novel input (vs. non-novel input), through perceived creativity, on cognitive stimulation was stronger for people who were either low in need for structure or high in need for autonomy. Also, when the input people received did not fit their needs, they experienced less psychological cognitive stimulation from this input (i.e., less task enjoyment and feeling more blocked) compared with when they did not receive any input. Hence, to create the ideal circumstances for people to achieve cognitive stimulation when brainstorming, input novelty should be aligned with their psychological needs.
Risk Factors for Intraoperative and Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Sellar Surgery
Authors: Patel Priyesh N. , Stafford Alicia M. , Patrinely James R. , Smith Derek K. , Turner Justin H. , Russell Paul T. , Weaver Kyle D. , Chambless Lola B. , Chandra Rakesh K.
Published: February 2018

Objective

To determine the factors associated with intra‐ and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in setting of endoscopic transsphenoidal sellar surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

This study included 806 patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal sellar surgery between 2004 and 2016. The associations between CSF leaks (intra‐ and postoperative) and patient demographics, medical history, tumor characteristics, and intraoperative repair techniques were analyzed.

Results

In sum, 205 (25.4%) patients had a CSF leak: 188 (23.3%) intraoperative leaks and 38 (4.7%) postoperative leaks. Twenty‐one (2.6%) patients had postoperative leaks after having repair of an intraoperative leak; 55% of patients with a postoperative leak had an intraoperative leak repaired. On multivariate analysis, body mass index (BMI), hydrocephalus, suprasellar extension, and craniopharyngioma significantly predicted intraoperative CSF leaks, while only BMI and hydrocephalus predicted postoperative CSF leaks. Patients having septal flap repairs of CSF leaks had a higher postoperative leak rate relative to other repair techniques (odds ratio, 6.37; P =. 013). Rigid reconstruction did not correlate with leaks.

Conclusion

For this large cohort of patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal sellar surgery, BMI and hydrocephalus were identified as predictors of postoperative CSF leaks, including those occurring after repair of intraoperative leak. These variables may put stress on the surgical repair of sellar defects, and consideration of these risk factors may help counsel patients and guide perioperative decision making in regard to repair strategies and CSF diversion techniques.
The Judicial Response to the Presidential Polarization of the Administrative State
Authors: Roberts Robert
Published: February 2018

From the late 20th century through today, the relationship between the administrative state and the judiciary has undergone major changes. The same period has seen presidential administrations seek to make use of bureaucratic power to implement their public policy initiatives without having to obtain the approval of Congress. After reviewing the evolution of judicial oversight of the administrative state, the essay argues that the federal courts now make use of an ad hoc approach for determining the scope of judicial oversight of the administrative process. The essay argues that the use of this ad hoc approach has done serious damage to the administrative state, providing insufficient guidelines for presidential administrations to make use of bureaucratic power to implement public policy initiatives.
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in a Purebred Spanish Horse Foal: Pathology and Genetic Studies on PKHD1 Gene Mutations
Authors: Molín Jéssica , Asín Javier , Vitoria Arantzazu , Sanz Arianne , Gimeno Marina , Romero Antonio , Sánchez Javier , Pinczowski Pedro , Vázquez Francisco J. , Rodellar Clementina , Luján Lluís
Published: February 2018

A 1-month-old Purebred Spanish Horse (PSH) foal presented with progressive hepatic failure culminating in death. Hepatic lesions were consistent with congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF). Genetic studies in the PKHD1 gene in the affected foal revealed that it was heterozygous for the 2 previously described single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to CHF in Swiss Franches-Montagnes (SFM) horses. In addition, 2 novel mutations were detected, the foal being homozygous for one of them and heterozygous for the other. Genetic studies in a healthy PSH population ( n = 35) showed a 3-fold higher genotypic frequency for PKHD1 SNP g.49,630,834G>A and a 5-fold higher genotypic frequency for PKHD1 SNP g.49,597,760A>T compared with those reported for SFM horses. SNPs in the PKHD1 gene in CHF-affected SFM horses might not fully explain the CHF observed in the PSH. Other mutations in the PKHD1 gene could play a more important role in the PSH.
Prostatic Lesions in Odontocete Cetaceans
Authors: Suárez-Santana Cristian M. , Sierra Eva , Díaz-Delgado Josue , Zucca Daniele , de Quirós Yara Bernaldo , Puig-Lozano Raquel , Câmara Nakita , De la Fuente Jesús , de los Monteros Antonio Espinosa , Rivero Miguel , Arbelo Manuel , Fernández Antonio
Published: February 2018

The prostate is the only accessory male genital gland described in cetaceans. Although few studies describe the gross and histologic anatomy of the prostate in cetaceans, there is no information on pathological findings involving this organ. The prostate glands of 45 cetaceans, including 8 different odontocete species ( n = 44) and 1 mysticete, were evaluated. The main pathologic diagnoses were verminous prostatitis, septic prostatitis, viral prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatitis of unknown etiology. Verminous prostatitis ( n = 12) was caused by nematodes of the genus Crassicauda, and different presentations were observed. Septic prostatitis, identified in 2 cases, both involved nematode infestation and Clostridium spp coinfection. One case of viral prostatitis was identified and was associated with morbillivirus infection. In prostatitis of unknown cause ( n = 7), varying degrees of prostatic lesions, mostly chronic inflammation, were identified. Impacts at individual levels (eg, localized disease, loss of reproductive capacity) and population levels (eg, decreased reproductive success) are plausible. Our results indicate a high occurrence of prostatic lesions in free-ranging odontocetes. For this reason, the prostate should be routinely inspected and sampled during necropsy of odontocete cetaceans.
An Evaluation of Army Wellness Center Clients’ Health-Related Outcomes
Authors: Rivera L. Omar , Ford Jessica Danielle , Hartzell Meredith Marie , Hoover Todd Allan
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

To examine whether Army community members participating in a best-practice based workplace health promotion program (WHPP) experience goal-moderated improvements in health-related outcomes.

Design:

Pretest/posttest outcome evaluation examining an autonomously participating client cohort over 1 year.

Setting:

Army Wellness Center facilities on 19 Army installations.

Participants:

Army community members sample (N = 5703), mostly Active Duty Soldiers (64%).

Intervention:

Assessment of health risks with feedback, health assessments, health education classes, and health coaching sessions conducted by health educators at a recommended frequency of once a month for 3 to 12 months.

Measures:

Initial and follow-up outcome assessments of body mass index (BMI), body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and perceived stress.

Analysis:

Mixed model linear regression testing for goal-moderated improvements in outcomes.

Results:

Clients experienced significant improvements in body fat (−2% change), perceived stress (−6% to −12% change), cardiorespiratory fitness (+6% change), and blood pressure (−1% change) regardless of health-related goal. Only clients with a weight loss goal experienced BMI improvement (−1% change). Follow-up outcome assessment rates ranged from 44% (N = 2509) for BMI to 6% (N = 342) for perceived stress.

Conclusion:

Army Wellness Center clients with at least 1 follow-up outcome assessment experienced improvements in military readiness correlates and chronic disease risk factors. Evaluation design and follow-up-related limitations notwithstanding results suggest that best practices in WHPPs can effectively serve a globally distributed military force.
Diepoxybutane-induced apoptosis is mediated through the ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: Eluka-Okoludoh E , Ewunkem AJ , Thorpe S , Blanchard A , Muganda P
Published: February 2018

Diepoxybutane (DEB) is the most potent active metabolite of butadiene, a regulated air pollutant. We previously reported the occurrence of DEB-induced, p53-dependent, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human lymphoblasts. The present study investigated the role of the extracellular signal–regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway in DEB-induced apoptotic signaling in exposed human lymphoblasts. Activated ERK1/2 and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/ERK1/2 kinase (MEK) levels were significantly upregulated in DEB-exposed human lymphoblasts. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 and ERK1/2 siRNA significantly inhibited apoptosis, ERK1/2 activation, as well as p53 and phospho-p53 (serine-15) levels in human lymphoblasts undergoing DEB-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DEB induces apoptotic signaling through the MEK-ERK1/2-p53 pathway in human lymphoblasts. This is the first report implicating the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and its subsequent role in mediating DEB-induced apoptotic signaling in human lymphoblasts. These findings contribute towards the understanding of DEB toxicity, as well as the signaling pathways mediating DEB-induced apoptosis in human lymphoblasts.
Quantile residual lifetime regression with functional principal component analysis of longitudinal data for dynamic prediction
Authors: Lin Xiao , Li Ruosha , Yan Fangrong , Lu Tao , Huang Xuelin
Published: February 2018

Optimal therapeutic decisions can be made according to disease prognosis, where the residual lifetime is extensively used because of its straightforward interpretation and formula. To predict the residual lifetime in a dynamic manner, a longitudinal biomarker that is repeatedly measured during the post-baseline follow-up period should be included. In this article, we use functional principal component analysis, a powerful and flexible tool, to handle irregularly measured longitudinal data and extract the dominant features over a specific time interval. To capture the time-dependent trajectory pattern, a series of moving time windows are used to estimate window-specific functional principal component analysis scores, which are then combined with a quantile residual lifetime regression model to facilitate dynamic prediction. Estimation of this regression model can be achieved by solving estimating equations with the help of locating the minimizer of the L1-type function. Simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of our proposed method in both calibration and discrimination under various scenarios. The proposed method is applied to data from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia to illustrate its practicality, where we dynamically predict quantile residual lifetimes with longitudinal expression levels of an oncogene, BCR-ABL.
Estimating the frequency of indolent breast cancer in screening trials
Authors: Shen Yu , Dong Wenli , Gulati Roman , Ryser Marc D , Etzioni Ruth
Published: February 2018

Cancer screening can detect cancer that would not have been detected in a patient’s lifetime without screening. Standard methods for analyzing screening data do not explicitly account for the possibility that a fraction of tumors may remain latent indefinitely. We extend these methods by representing cancers as a mixture of those that progress to symptoms (progressive) and those that remain latent (indolent). Given sensitivity of the screening test, we derive likelihood expressions to simultaneously estimate (1) the rate of onset of preclinical cancer, (2) the average preclinical duration of progressive cancers, and (3) the fraction of preclinical cancers that are indolent. Simulations demonstrate satisfactory performance of the estimation approach to identify model parameters subject to precise specifications of input parameters and adequate numbers of interval cancers. In application to four breast cancer screening trials, the estimated indolent fraction among preclinical cancers varies between 2% and 35% when assuming 80% test sensitivity and varying specifications for the earliest time that participants could plausibly have developed cancer. We conclude that standard methods for analyzing screening data can be extended to allow some indolent cancers, but accurate estimation depends on correctly specifying key inputs that may be difficult to determine precisely in practice.
James Herrick (1861–1954): Consultant physician and cardiologist
Authors: Olszewski Todd M
Published: February 2018

In 1910, James Bryan Herrick published the first clinical and laboratory description of sickle cell anemia. Two years later, he published a case report on coronary thrombosis. Together, these case reports solidified his reputation as one of the premier diagnosticians of his generation. Now regarded as a central figure in the history of American medicine, Herrick played an integral role in the clinical adoption of the electrocardiograph and the professionalization of cardiology in the United States. Although a full decade passed before the medical profession recognized his clinical description of coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction, it has had profound implications for cardiovascular medicine and prevention over the past hundred years. As a consultant physician, Herrick advocated in favor of incorporating chemistry and laboratory evaluation into clinical practice.
George Riddoch and Ludwig Guttmann: Wartime correspondence 1940–1947
Authors: Weiner Marie-France , Silver John Russell
Published: February 2018

Recently discovered primary sources in the form of letters, memoranda and private communications between George Riddoch and Ludwig Guttmann provide much information on the setting up of spinal units in the United Kingdom during the Second World War. The two men developed a close relationship and in Guttmann, Riddoch found a man who had the knowledge, the ability and the energy to implement this shared vision.
Infancy and Caring
Authors: Vik (KV) Kari , Daudi (VZD) Vickfarajaeli Zebedayo , Kajula (LJK) Lusajo Joel , Rohde (RR) Rolf , Ubuguyu (OSU) Omary Said , Saibulu (JNS) Joseph Ndukusi
Published: February 2018

Caregivers at an institution for motherless infants in rural Tanzania participated in focus group interviews and participant observations. This paper aims at describing how they perceive infancy, caring and sensitivity in their everyday context. It adds knowledge from Tanzania about institutional infant care and the concept of sensitivity in caregiving, based on an approach sensitive to culture and context. The main result is that the caregivers are most concerned with fulfilling the infants’ physical needs. They defined infants’ social and emotional needs in a variety of ways and gave accounts about what sensitivity in caring for infants meant in their context. They also described their workload, their burdens and their strengths, and demonstrated shortcomings in fulfilling the infants’ social and emotional needs. Interventions to promote emotional and social support in addition to fulfilling physical needs are crucial.
Multifamily Therapy for Children With ADHD in Hong Kong: The Different Impacts on Fathers and Mothers
Authors: Lai Kelly Y. C. , Ma Joyce L. C. , Xia Lily L. L.
Published: February 2018

Objective: Medication combined with psychosocial intervention is the recommended treatment for ADHD. What is not clear is which of the parents participate in psychosocial interventions, and whether the impacts are different for fathers and mothers. This is important because of the different roles fathers and mothers have in shaping their child’s development. This article examines the impact of multifamily therapy on a sample of fathers and mothers from Hong Kong whose children suffer from ADHD. Method: Fathers and mothers ratings on ADHD severity, parent–child relationship, parenthood stress, and parental self-esteem were compared between those who attended multifamily therapy and those who attended psychoeducation talks. Results: Fathers and mothers of the multifamily group, but not the psychoeducational group, reported reduction of child ADHD symptom severity. When the reduction was clinically significant, mothers reported an increased sense of competence while fathers reported improved father–child relationship. Conclusion: Fathers and mothers experienced different gains from attending MFT. Fathers’ involvement in their child’s treatment should be encouraged and facilitated.
Artificial Intelligence in Service
Authors: Huang Ming-Hui , Rust Roland T.
Published: February 2018

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping service by performing various tasks, constituting a major source of innovation, yet threatening human jobs. We develop a theory of AI job replacement to address this double-edged impact. The theory specifies four intelligences required for service tasks—mechanical, analytical, intuitive, and empathetic—and lays out the way firms should decide between humans and machines for accomplishing those tasks. AI is developing in a predictable order, with mechanical mostly preceding analytical, analytical mostly preceding intuitive, and intuitive mostly preceding empathetic intelligence. The theory asserts that AI job replacement occurs fundamentally at the task level, rather than the job level, and for “lower” (easier for AI) intelligence tasks first. AI first replaces some of a service job’s tasks, a transition stage seen as augmentation, and then progresses to replace human labor entirely when it has the ability to take over all of a job’s tasks. The progression of AI task replacement from lower to higher intelligences results in predictable shifts over time in the relative importance of the intelligences for service employees. An important implication from our theory is that analytical skills will become less important, as AI takes over more analytical tasks, giving the “softer” intuitive and empathetic skills even more importance for service employees. Eventually, AI will be capable of performing even the intuitive and empathetic tasks, which enables innovative ways of human–machine integration for providing service but also results in a fundamental threat for human employment.
Factor structure, correlates, and incremental validity of the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form
Authors: Chen Shuanghong , Pu Jiajia , Ye Xiaoxuan , Wang Yang , Jackson Todd
Published: February 2018

We assessed the factor structure, correlates, and incremental validity of the Pain Appraisal Inventory in Chinese adult chronic pain samples. In an initial exploratory factor analysis sample ( N = 301), the original two-component (threat, challenge) 16-item Pain Appraisal Inventory and a 10-item short form (Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form) were supported. Within a confirmatory factor analysis sample ( N = 285), uniformly acceptable fits were observed only for the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form. Furthermore, Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form threat and challenge subscales had significant correlations with conceptually related measures and added to prediction models for pain-related coping and adjustment, independent of other pain belief scales. Together, results indicated that the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form has utility in Chinese chronic pain samples.
Featured Article: Immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin on pneumocyte apoptosis viaCARD9pathway, a possibly retarding pulmonary resolution
Authors: Maknitikul Sitang , Luplertlop Natthanej , Chaisri Urai , Maneerat Yaowapa , Ampawong Sumate
Published: February 2018

Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent malaria parasite species, causes severe symptoms especially acute lung injury (ALI), of which characterized by alveolar epithelium and endothelium destruction and accelerated to blood–gas-barrier breakdown. Parasitized erythrocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, and cytokines are all involved in this mechanism, but hemozoin (HZ), the parasitic waste from heme detoxification, also mainly contributes. In addition, it is not clear why type II pneumocyte proliferation, alveolar restorative stage, is rare in malaria-associated ALI. To address this, in vitro culture of A549 cells with Plasmodium HZ or with interleukin (IL)-1β triggered by HZ and monocytes (HZ-IL-1β) was conducted to determine their alveolar apoptotic effect using ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, and electron mircroscopic study. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 ( CARD9), the apoptotic regulator gene, and IL-1β were quantified by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Junctional cellular defects were characterized by immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin. The results revealed that cellular apoptosis and CARD9 expression levels were extremely high 24 h after induction by HZ-IL-1β when compared to the HZ- and non-treated groups. E-cadherin was markedly down-regulated by HZ-IL-1β and HZ treatments. CARD9 expression was positively correlated with IL-1β expression and the number of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, the localization of HZ in the vesicular surfactant of apoptotic pneumocyte was also identified and submitted to be a cause of alveolar resolution abnormality. Thus, HZ triggers monocytes to produce IL-1β and induces pneumocyte type II apoptosis through CARD9 pathway in association with down-regulated E-cadherin, which probably impairs alveolar resolution in malaria-associated ALI.

Impact statement

The present work shows the physical and immunomodulatory properties of hemozoin on the induction of pneumocyte apoptosis in relation to IL-1β production through the CARD9 pathway. This occurrence may be a possible pathway for the retardation of lung resolution leading to blood–gas-barrier breakdown. Our findings lead to the understanding of the host–parasite relationship focusing on the dysfunction in ALI induced by HZ, a possible pathway of the recovering lung epithelial retardation in malaria-associated ARDS.
No confidence–no glory? Coach behavioral bias and team performance
Authors: Zavertiaeva Marina , Naidenova Iuliia , Parshakov Petr
Published: February 2018

According to behavioral economics, coaches may be unconsciously biased, and this could lead to deviations from rational behavior, which in turn affects team performance. We analyze the influence of a particular behavioral bias of coaches, overconfidence, on the performance of soccer teams. We use a sample of 63 coaches managing all the soccer clubs involved in the Russian Football Premier League during the four seasons between 2010 and 2013/2014. To measure overconfidence, we use a press-based metric that is generally accepted in corporate governance studies and complement it with an additional continuous measure. Coaches' overconfidence positively and significantly influences team average scores, both in the baseline regression and robustness checks. Additional testing allows us to draw conclusions regarding the inverse U-shaped relationship between overconfidence and performance. We cannot conclude that overconfidence has any effect on coaches' risk-taking that can be approximated by goals scored or allowed. We apply the well-studied methodology of overconfidence measurement to the new field of sport economics, thereby generating novel results. Although overconfidence is perceived negatively in corporate governance, we show that in sport, it is beneficial to be overconfident. The findings contribute to sport literature, more specifically to the field of performance in soccer, with results that support the importance of a coach's personal traits.
Teaching of distal radius shortening osteotomy: three-dimensional procedural simulator versus bone procedural simulator
Authors: Naroura Ismaël , Hidalgo Diaz Juan José , Xavier Fred , Baldairon Florent , Favreau Henri , Clavert Philippe , Liverneaux Philippe
Published: February 2018

In order to facilitate the learning of distal radius shortening osteotomy by junior surgeons, the main assumption was that using a three-dimensional procedural simulator was better than a bone procedural simulator. After viewing a video, ten junior surgeons performed a distal radius shortening osteotomy: five with a bone procedural simulator (Group 1) and five with a three-dimensional procedural simulator (Group 2). All subsequently performed the same surgery on fresh cadaveric bones. The duration of the procedure, shortening of the radius, and the level of osteotomy were significantly better in Group 2. The three-dimensional procedural simulator seems to teach distal radius osteotomy better than a bone model and could be useful in teaching and learning bone surgery of the wrist.
Graham TT Molitor: A Futurist for All Seasons
Authors: Mack Timothy C.
Published: February 2018

A personal reflection on the impact of Graham Molitor on the World Future Society, from its President (2004-2014).
PDGFRB mutation and tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Yingchi , Gao Yufeng , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jingliao , He Fuhong , Hnízda Aleš , Qian Maoxiang , Liu Xiaoming , Gocho Yoshihiro , Pui Ching-Hon , Cheng Tao , Wang Qianfei , Yang Jun J. , Zhu Xiaofan , Liu Xin
Published: February 2018

Key Points

AGGF1-PDGFRB is a novel oncogenic fusion gene in Ph-like ALL. Genomic profiling and functional studies identified a novel PDGFRB mutation directly related to TKI resistance.
„Muss nur noch kurz die Welt retten.“
Authors: Adloff Frank , Degens Philipp
Published: February 2018

Der Begriff Philanthrokapitalismus verweist auf die Verschränkung philanthropischer und profitwirtschaftlicher Handlungslogiken. Im Philanthrokapitalismus soll die Effektivität des Stiftungshandelns erhöht und ggf. gleichzeitig Rendite erzielt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag führt in das Konzept des Philanthrokapitalismus ein, grenzt ihn von herkömmlicher Philanthropie ab und diskutiert einige der ihm inhärenten Probleme. Diese ergeben sich etwa aus dem Fokus auf Effektivität, Unternehmertum und Wettbewerb sowie einer apolitischen Technisierung sozialer Probleme.
Preparation of a synergistically stabilized oil-in-water paraffin Pickering emulsion for potential application in wood treatment
Authors: Jiang Jun , Cao Jinzhen , Wang Wang , Shen Haiying
Published: February 2018

Pickering emulsions (emulsions stabilized by solid-state additives) are attractive as they have strong similarities with traditional surfactant-based emulsions. In this study, an oil-in-water (O/W) paraffin Pickering emulsion system with satisfying stability and small droplet size distribution was developed by hydrophilic silica particles and traditional surfactants as mixed emulsifiers. The droplet morphology and size distribution were observed by optical microscopy and a laser particle analyzer. The emulsion stability was improved and the droplet size was reduced after addition of a suitable amount of silica particles. The silica concentration of 1% showed the optimal effect among all the levels observed (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2%). Wood was impregnated with the prepared emulsion, and the chemical and morphological properties of the product were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersed X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA). Moreover, the hydrophobicity, thermal properties, surface hardness, axial compression strength (CS) and dynamic mechanical properties were tested. The silica was evenly distributed in the wood cell wall and thus there was a synergistic positive effect from the paraffin and silica in the cell wall leading to better hydrophobicity, improved surface hardness and mechanical properties including the thermal stability.
Determination of selenium during pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis employing hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: George Joseph
Published: February 2018

Serum and liver selenium levels were studied during the pathogenesis of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. The degree of fibrosis was assessed with Masson’s trichrome staining and quantifying collagen content in the liver. Lipid peroxides were measured in blood and liver samples and total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were assayed in the liver tissue to evaluate oxidative stress. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured in the serum. Selenium levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid digestion and hydride generation of selenium. Serial administrations of NDMA produced well-developed fibrosis and early cirrhosis in the liver with 4-fold increase of total collagen content and deposition of collagen fibers. Blood and hepatic lipid peroxides, serum IL-6 and TGF-β1 were significantly increased. There was significant reduction in hepatic glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels. Serum and liver selenium were remarkably decreased on all the days studied. The results suggest that decreased selenium and glutathione peroxidase contribute to the impairment of cellular antioxidant defense, which in turn results in oxidative stress and trigger pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. The study further demonstrated that ICP-MS with hydride generation technique is a reliable and sensitive method for determination of selenium in biological samples.
Body composition in preterm infants with intrauterine growth restriction: a cohort study
Authors: Villela Letícia Duarte , Méio Maria Dalva Barbosa Baker , Gomes Junior Saint Clair S. , de Abranches Andrea Dunshee , Soares Fernanda Valente Mendes , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes
Published: February 2018

Aims:

The comparison of body composition parameters between the small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) at term, 1, 3 and 5 months corrected ages in very preterm infants.

Methods:

This cohort study included 92 preterm infants at term age, younger than 32 weeks or <1500 g, classified in two groups: SGA and AGA. Anthropometry and body composition, estimated by air displacement plethysmography, were evaluated at the corrected ages: term and 1, 3, and 5 months. We used the lean mass/fat mass index (LM/FM) at each time point and the weight, length and head circumference SDS gain between the time points.

Results:

At term age, the SGA preterm infants had less lean mass (g), fat mass (g) and percent fat mass but a greater LM/FM index than AGA infants (P<0.001). At 1 month corrected age the LM/FM index and percent fat mass between the groups became similar. Lower lean mass persisted up to 3 months in the SGA group [4004 g (3256–4595) vs. 4432 g (3190–6246), P<0.001]. During the first month corrected age, the weight SDS gain was higher in SGA preterm infants when compared to AGA preterm infants. However, the SGA preterm infants remained lighter, shorter and with smaller head circumferences than the AGA preterm infants until 3 months of corrected age.

Conclusions:

The greater lean tissue deficits and an earlier “catch-up” in fat in the SGA group can reflect growth patterns variability since the early life.
A short review and worldwide list of wild albino rodents with the first report of albinism in Coendou rufescens (Rodentia: Erethizontidae)
Authors: Romero Víctor , Racines-Márquez Calos E. , Brito Jorge
Published: February 2018

Aberrant pelage color patterns such as albinism have been reported in some mammal groups including rodents, but in spite of the group’s richness, the phenomenon is relatively poorly documented in the literature. Albino specimens are reported in <2% of the species of rodents, four records of neotropical species were found (Delomys dorsalis, Heteromys anomalus, Octodon degus, Phyllotis andium). Of New World porcupines (Erethizontidae), albinism was documented only in the North American species Erethizon dorsatum. Here we report the first albino record from the Neotropics for this group, a stump-tailed porcupine (Coendou rufescens) in northern Ecuador.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Resistance to Multicultural Education Courses: The Binary Fear of the Familiar and the Unfamiliar Communities
Authors: Ndemanu Michael Takafor
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) resistance to some of the core concepts of multicultural education in a large Midwestern university. The data collected from document reviews, observations, and interviews with a selected group of PSTs point to cultural-ecological factors as major sources of the resistance. The paper examines these cultural-ecological factors correlating to PSTs’ fear of introducing multicultural concepts in their future suburban schools as well as their fear of cultural incongruity in the the urban schools. The study calls for an intensive and extensive multidimensional field experiences to familiarize PSTs with the unfamiliar cultures while providing them dialogic tools to informally engage their own communities on sensitive topics covered in multicultural education.
Regime switching with structural breaks in output convergence
Authors: Beylunioğlu Fuat C. , Stengos Thanasis , Yazgan M. Ege
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we examine empirically GDP per capita convergence using an approach that explicitly allows for regime switching in the long memory parameter d within the context of a Markov Switching (MS)–ARFIMA framework. As existing methods used in the estimation of standard MS models, such as the EM algorithm are no longer appropriate, we will make use of the Viterbi algorithm to estimate the long memory MS model used by Tsay and Härdle (Tsay, W.-J., and W. K. Härdle. 2009. “A Generalized Arfima Process with Markov-Switching Fractional Differencing Parameter.” Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 79: 731–745.). We will classify the output gap series into two regimes, a high d and a low d regime, where a high d close to unity would imply persistence and lack of convergence. By examining the path of d parameter over time which enables us to observe non-convergent behavior in more detail, we find that converging behavior is diminishing over time and divergence is the dominant force.
Similarity Reduction and Exact Solutions of a Boussinesq-like Equation
Authors: Zhang Bo , Hu Hengchun
Published: February 2018

The similarity reduction and similarity solutions of a Boussinesq-like equation are obtained by means of Clarkson and Kruskal (CK) direct method. By using Lie symmetry method, we also obtain the similarity reduction and group invariant solutions of the model. Further, we compare the results obtained by the CK direct method and Lie symmetry method, and we demonstrate the connection of the two methods.
Helmholtz and Philosophy: Science, Perception, and Metaphysics, with Variations on Some Fichtean Themes
Authors: Hatfield Gary
Published: February 2018

This article considers Helmholtz’s relation to philosophy, including Fichte’s philosophy. Recent interpreters find Fichtean influence on Helmholtz, especially concerning the role of voluntary movement in distinguishing subject from object, or “I” from “not-I.” After examining Helmholtz’s statements about Fichte, the article describes Fichte’s ego-doctrine and asks whether Helmholtz could accept it into his sensory psychology. He could not accept Fichte’s core position, that an intrinsically active I intellectually intuits its own activity and posits the not-I as limiting and determining that activity, because that account requires cognitive abilities that conflict with Helmholtz’s claim that the development of spatial perception relies primarily on associative memory and involves no direct awareness of the ego’s activity as such. Helmholtz would have known various accounts of the distinction between subject and object, or self and world, from sensory physiology, including associative accounts invoking voluntary motor movements and accounts describing checks on the perceiver’s activity. Some of the accounts cite Fichte on the I and not-I, but most do not, and none adopt Fichte’s Idealism. Finally, the article examines Helmholtz’s relation to metaphysics, finding that in all periods he rejected Fichtean Idealism and that the modest metaphysics of his mature period is a version of structural realism.
Neuropathic Pain: Epidemiology, Classification, Mechanisms, and Therapy
Authors: Zhao Chengyu , Cheng Yangpu , Yu Jing , Li Ling , A Liangde , Shi Cunwei , Wang Shuncun , Cui Sen
Published: February 2018

Neuropathic pain develops because of lesions or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system either in the periphery or centrally. Examples of neuropathic pain include painful polyneuropathy, post herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and post-stroke pain. Clinically, neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous ongoing or shooting pain and evoked amplified pain responses after noxious or non-noxious stimuli. Methods such as questionnaires for screening and assessment focus on the presence and quality of neuropathic pain. Basic research is enabling the identification of different pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical assessment of symptoms and signs can help to determine which mechanisms are involved in specific neuropathic pain disorders. Management of neuropathic pain requires an interdisciplinary approach, centered on pharmacological treatment. A better understanding of neuropathic pain and, in particular, of the translation of pathophysiological mechanisms into sensory signs will lead to a more effective and specific mechanism-based treatment approach.
Turismo, megaeventos esportivos e a Copa do Mundo de 2014: um olhar na/da tríplice fronteira amazônica Brasil-Peru-Colômbia
Authors: Butel Ribeiro Alex , Schor Tatiana
Published: February 2018

Por segunda vez en la historia, Brasil fue escenario del más importante torneo de fútbol del planeta: la Copa Mundial de la fifa. En la edición realizada en 2014, la región amazónica participó directamente del proceso, teniendo la ciudad de Manaus como una de las doce subsedes elegidas. El presente artículo surge a partir de reflexiones sobre ese megaevento deportivo y sus impactos en la Pan-Amazonia. Se busca comprender los legados e impactos de la Copa del Mundo de 2014 como megaevento deportivo en la región de la triple frontera amazónica Brasil-Perú-Colombia con enfoque en las ciudades de Tabatinga (br) y Leticia (co). Considerando que estas ciudades no fueron ciudades sede del mundial, reconocemos su importancia de entrada al territorio brasileño para asistir a los partidos en Manaos y en otras ciudades brasileñas. Poco énfasis se dio a las ciudades fuera del circuito del megaevento en cuestión dejando de lado el análisis de las reconfiguraciones espaciales y territoriales vinculadas a esta actividad global en el territorio nacional. A partir de extensos trabajos de campo en ambas ciudades en el período anterior al evento (2013), durante el año y la época del evento (2014) y posteriormente (2015), reconocemos algunas transformaciones infraestructurales en la red hotelera de Leticia e impactos de corta duración en el sistema de transporte de Tabatinga. A pesar de puntuales y relativamente simplistas, las movilizaciones que ocurrieron en las dos ciudades se mostraron relevantes y dejan claro no solo lo “poco” que se hizo, sino especialmente lo “mucho” que podría haber sido hecho y no fue. Este “mucho” no se refiere solo a las infraestructuras urbanas, hotelería, comunicación y transporte, que no se han mejorado. Se refiere principalmente a la oportunidad perdida por parte del poder público y de la iniciativa privada trinacional de unir fuerzas para consolidar aún más la importante red urbana panamazónica que la región de la triple frontera Brasil-Perú-Colombia establece.
El discreto encanto de los cementerios
Authors: Grisales Germán
Published: February 2018

¿Reproducen los cementerios las pautas urbanísticas, las jerarquías y los comportamientos sociales que en vida han marcado a las sociedades urbanas donde han aparecido? A partir de casos ilustrativos de algunas fronteras, de algunas islas y de otras regiones visitadas por el autor, este trabajo pretende demostrar la variedad de situaciones cuya lectura enriquece los estudios urbanos.
Los retos actuales de las ciudades fronterizas amazónicas
Authors: Zárate Botía Carlos Gilberto , Carvajal Sanchez Nohora Ines
Published: February 2018

En Latinoamérica y especialmente en Colombia y Ecuador, en los últimos tres años, se han llevado a cabo importantes reuniones académicas y políticas de nivel no solo regional sino global relacionadas con las ciudades y los hábitats urbanos. Entre estos se destacan varios eventos preparatorios de los foros mundiales, en Medellín en 2014 y en Quito en 2016
Un nuevo capítulo en la recuperación de la lengua nonuya: testimonio de una experiencia reciente
Authors: Moreno (Sika) Eliécer , Moreno Elias , Gómez Virgelina , Moreno Evelio , Rodríguez Sonia , Gómez Margarita , Moreno Esteban , Moreno Jair , Moreno Kathy , Moreno Blasiney , Moreno Didier , Anibal Nubia , Viasús Quintero Guillermo Alfonso , Romero Cruz Isabel Victoria , Echeverri Juan Alvaro
Published: February 2018

La lengua nonuya, propia de la amazonia colombiana y perteneciente a la familia lingüística Uitoto, se encuentra actualmente en peligro crítico de extinción debido, entre otros factores, a la drástica reducción demográfica durante la bonanza cauchera y la posterior dispersión de sobrevivientes, así como a la ausencia de transmisión  intergeneracional y el consecuente desplazamiento del nonuya por lenguas, tales como: muinane y castellano. Sin embargo, en el contexto en el cual habitan los nonuya actuales, la lengua nativa sigue siendo un marcador fundamental de la identidad étnica, además de ser un eslabón casi perdido de su historia y de su cosmovisión. En tal contexto, y desde la interacción de la academia con este grupo, específicamente con miembros del clan mata de achiote, surge la experiencia de reactivación del uso de la lengua nonuya llevada a cabo en la Comunidad Nonuya de Peña Roja. En el presente artículo recogemos entonces tanto aspectos teóricos como metodológicos que guiaron la experiencia; describimos las actividades realizadas, permitiéndonos evaluar su alcance e impacto; reflexionamos en torno a la revitalización lingüística a partir de este caso particular y proponemos algunas futuras intervenciones que podrían fortalecer el empoderamiento de los nonuya en la recuperación de su lengua ancestral.
Successful Implant Placement in a Case of Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Esfahanizadeh Nasrin , Yousefi Hila
Published: February 2018

Florid cemento-osseus dysplasia (FCOD) has been described as a reactive process in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous connective tissues and cementum-like materials. Radiographically it appears as dense, lobulated masses, often occurring bilaterally with symmetric involvement. In this case report, a successful implant placement has been reported in a 62-year-old Caucasian woman with a chief complaint of mandibular partial edentulous. Radiographic images showed the bilateral radiopaque lesions in edentulous regions of mandible, and mandibular anterior teeth alike. All mandibular teeth were vital and no root resorption was detected. The findings of X-ray images were attributable to FCOD. A highly conservative step-by-step 2-stage implant surgery was performed. After 6 months the implants loaded with fixed prosthesis. 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 months after the surgery radiographic images were taken, which revealed an optimal functional rehabilitation and complete integration of implants. This report confirms that treating the edentulous area near the FCOD lesions could be planned, if conservative step- by-step implant placement been considered. To the best of our knowledge, a case of FCOD with successful implant placement has not been reported previously. More studies in more patients are needed to confirm results of such a therapeutic modality.