bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytological Criteria for Predicting the Luminal Phenotype of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Paschoalini Rafael Bispo , Mucha Dufloth Rozany , Moraes Neto Francisco Alves , Schmitt Fernando C.
Published: September 2016

Background: Specific cytological criteria for the luminal phenotype of breast carcinoma, despite it being the most common and having a better prognosis as well as targeted therapies under study, remain to be established. Using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), we aimed to identify the luminal phenotype through the evaluation of cytological criteria recognized in routine practice. Methods: We correlated 169 FNACs of breast carcinomas with their tissue specimens, classified into phenotypes by immunohistochemistry (applying tissue microarray technology) as luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, and triple negative. All FNAC samples were blindly reviewed according to cellularity, cell cohesion, necrosis, nucleoli, and nuclear atypia. Fisher's exact test was used to test associations between the cytological criteria and phenotypes. Results: The following phenotypes were obtained - luminal A: 107 (63.3%), luminal B: 39 (23.1%), HER2 overexpression: 8 (4.7%), and triple negative: 15 (8.9%). The luminal phenotype showed mild/moderate cellularity (40.4%) (OR = 7.12, 95% CI: 1.61-31.52), inconspicuous, present nucleoli (55.5%) (OR = 8.31, 95% CI: 2.36-29.19), and mild/moderate nuclear atypia (44.5%) (OR = 8.42, 95% CI: 1.90-37.25). Conclusion: The criteria that might indicate the luminal phenotype of breast carcinoma in FNAC were mild/moderate cellularity, inconspicuous, present, and nonprominent nucleoli, and mild/moderate nuclear atypia.
The Efficacy of Clinical Predictors for Patients with Intermediate Risk of Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Kang Jingu , Paik Kyu-hyun , Lee Jong-chan , Kim Hyoung Woo , Lee Jongchan , Hwang Jin-Hyeok , Kim Jaihwan
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: For the suspected choledocholithiasis, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy has proposed guidelines to assign risk based on clinical predictors. The study aimed to assess the usefulness of clinical predictors of choledocholithiasis set forth by the guidelines in patients with intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis. Methods: In 2014, 109 patients with intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis underwent endoscopic ultrasound. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. The gold standard for choledocholithiasis was endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or clinical follow-up. Results: Based on endoscopic ultrasound findings, choledocholithiasis was suspected in 18 patients, and it was removed in 17 patients. Choledocholithiasis was absent in the remaining 91 who did not show any signs from endoscopic ultrasound. Among the 2 strong (common bile duct (CBD) diameter >6 mm and bilirubin 1.8-4 mg/dl) and 3 moderate (abnormal liver biochemical test other than bilirubin, age >55 years and gallstone pancreatitis) clinical predictors, 28.8% of patients with one of the strong predictors had choledocholithiasis; however, only 3.5% of patients with any one of the moderate predictors had choledocholithiasis. As a result, only strong clinical predictors showed predictability: increased bilirubin level (OR 3.23; 90% CI 0.85-12.28) and dilated CBD diameter (OR 5.83; 90% CI 1.93-17.57). Conclusion: Only strong clinical predictors of choledocholithiasis showed predictability for patients with intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis.
Clinical Scenario of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Brede Swantje , Serfling Georg , Klement Johanna , Schmid Sebastian M. , Lehnert Hendrik
Published: September 2016

The term metabolic syndrome (MeS) refers to a cluster of associated symptoms composed of impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MeS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. The increased amount of visceral fat together with a chronic inflammatory state predisposes to the development of arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia are associated with fatty liver disease. In addition, MeS is linked to non-cardiovascular diseases such as cancer as well as psychiatric or endocrine disorders. Here, we discuss the clinical impact of MeS in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases to highlight the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and multifactorial treatment of high-risk individuals.
Survival Impact of Extracolorectal Malignancies in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Kawai Kazushige , Ishihara Soichiro , Nozawa Hiroaki , Hata Keisuke , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Tanaka Toshiaki , Nishikawa Takeshi , Otani Kensuke , Yasuda Koji , Murono Koji , Sasaki Kazuhito , Watanabe Toshiaki
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are at high risk for developing extracolorectal malignancies (EMs). Although development of a second primary cancer and deaths thereof are included as events of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), the role of EMs in these survival end points has not been fully investigated. Methods: A total of 1,625 CRC patients who underwent surgery from April 2004 to March 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. EMs were classified as preoperative metachronous EMs (pre-MEMs), synchronous EMs (SEMs) and postoperative metachronous EMs (post-MEMs). Results: A total of 145 pre-MEMs (134 patients), 132 SEMs (125 patients) and 97 post-MEMs (89 patients) were observed. The incidence of SEM correlated with male sex, age >70 years and absence of distant metastasis. In patients undergoing curative surgery (n = 1,550), the 5-year CRC- and EM-related death, CRC-specific recurrence and post-MEM development rates were 10.4, 2.6, 27.9 and 7.3%, respectively. SEM strongly and independently correlated with shorter OS and DFS (hazard ratios, 2.52 and 1.54, respectively). Moreover, patients with SEM or those aged >70 years were at high risk for developing post-MEM. Conclusions: Because the presence of SEM strongly indicates shorter DFS and OS, exploration of EMs prior to colorectal surgery is important.
Association of Nutritional Parameters with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Baumgartner Annic , Zueger Noemi , Bargetzi Annika , Medinger Michael , Passweg Jakob R. , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Bargetzi Mario , Schuetz Philipp
Published: September 2016

Introduction: In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), there is uncertainty about the extent of influence nutritional parameters have on clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigated the association between initial body mass index (BMI) and weight loss during HSCT on clinical outcomes in a well-characterised cohort of AML patients. Methods: We analysed data of the Basel stem-cell transplantation registry (‘KMT Kohorte') including all patients with AML undergoing first allogeneic HSCT from January 2003 to January 2014. We used multivariable regression models adjusted for prognostic indicators (European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation risk score and cytogenetics). Results: Mortality in the 156 AML patients (46% female, mean age 46 years) over the 10 years of follow-up was 57%. Compared to patients with a baseline BMI (kg/m2) of 20-25, a low BMI <20 was associated with higher long-term mortality (70 vs. 49%, adjusted hazard ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.71, p = 0.036). A more pronounced weight loss during HSCT (>7 vs. <2%) was associated with higher risk for bacterial infections (52 vs. 28%, OR 2.8, 95% CI 0.96-8.18, p = 0.059) and fungal infections (48 vs. 23%, OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.11-10.19, p = 0.032), and longer hospital stays (64 vs. 38 days, adjusted mean difference 25.6 days (15.7-35.5), p < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with AML, low initial BMI and more pronounced weight loss during HSCT are strong prognostic indicators associated with lower survival and worse disease outcomes. Intervention research is needed to investigate whether nutritional therapy can reverse these associations.
B-Cell Depletion Promotes Aortic Infiltration of Immunosuppressive Cells and Is Protective of Experimental Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Schaheen Basil , Downs Emily A. , Serbulea Vlad , Almenara Camila C.P. , Spinosa Michael , Su Gang , Zhao Yunge , Srikakulapu Prasad , Butts Cherié , McNamara Coleen A. , Leitinger Norbert , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Meher Akshaya K. , Ailawadi Gorav
Published: September 2016

Objective—

B-cell depletion therapy is widely used for treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. B cells are abundant in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA); however, it is unknown whether B-cell depletion therapy affects AAA growth. Using experimental models of murine AAA, we aim to examine the effect of B-cell depletion on AAA formation.

Approach and Results—

Wild-type or apolipoprotein E–knockout mice were treated with mouse monoclonal anti-CD20 or control antibodies and subjected to an elastase perfusion or angiotensin II infusion model to induce AAA, respectively. Anti-CD20 antibody treatment significantly depleted B1 and B2 cells, and strikingly suppressed AAA growth in both models. B-cell depletion resulted in lower circulating IgM levels, but did not affect the levels of IgG or cytokine/chemokine levels. Although the total number of leukocyte remained unchanged in elastase-perfused aortas after anti-CD20 antibody treatment, the number of B-cell subtypes was significantly lower. Interestingly, plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing the immunomodulatory enzyme indole 2,3-dioxygenase were detected in the aortas of B-cell–depleted mice. In accordance with an increase in indole 2,3-dioxygenase+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells, the number of regulatory T cells was higher, whereas the expression of proinflammatory genes was lower in aortas of B-cell–depleted mice. In a coculture model, the presence of B cells significantly lowered the number of indole 2,3-dioxygenase+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells without affecting total plasmacytoid dendritic cell number.

Conclusions—

The present results demonstrate that B-cell depletion protects mice from experimental AAA formation and promotes emergence of an immunosuppressive environment in aorta.
TMEM16F-Mediated Platelet Membrane Phospholipid Scrambling Is Critical for Hemostasis and Thrombosis but not Thromboinflammation in Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Baig Ayesha A. , Haining Elizabeth J. , Geuss Eva , Beck Sarah , Swieringa Frauke , Wanitchakool Podchanart , Schuhmann Michael K. , Stegner David , Kunzelmann Karl , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Braun Attila , Nieswandt Bernhard
Published: September 2016

Objective—

It is known that both platelets and coagulation strongly influence infarct progression after ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms and their interplay are unknown. Our aim was to assess the contribution of the procoagulant platelet surface, and thus platelet-driven thrombin generation, to the progression of thromboinflammation in the ischemic brain.

Approach and Results—

We present the characterization of a novel platelet and megakaryocyte-specific TMEM16F (anoctamin 6) knockout mouse. Reflecting Scott syndrome, platelets from the knockout mouse had a significant reduction in procoagulant characteristics that altered thrombin and fibrin generation kinetics. In addition, knockout mice showed significant defects in hemostasis and arterial thrombus formation. However, infarct volumes in a model of ischemic stroke were comparable with wild-type mice.

Conclusions—

Platelet TMEM16F activity contributes significantly to hemostasis and thrombosis but not cerebral thromboinflammation. These results highlight another key difference between the roles of platelets and coagulation in these processes.
Hyperpolarized
13
C Metabolic MRI of the Human Heart
Authors: Cunningham Charles H. , Lau Justin Y.C. , Chen Albert P. , Geraghty Benjamin J. , Perks William J. , Roifman Idan , Wright Graham A. , Connelly Kim A.
Published: September 2016

Rationale:

Altered cardiac energetics is known to play an important role in the progression toward heart failure. A noninvasive method for imaging metabolic markers that could be used in longitudinal studies would be useful for understanding therapeutic approaches that target metabolism.

Objective:

To demonstrate the first hyperpolarized
13
C metabolic magnetic resonance imaging of the human heart.

Methods and Results:

Four healthy subjects underwent conventional proton cardiac magnetic resonance imaging followed by
13
C imaging and spectroscopic acquisition immediately after intravenous administration of a 0.1 mmol/kg dose of hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate. All subjects tolerated the procedure well with no adverse effects reported ≤1 month post procedure. The [1-
13
C]pyruvate signal appeared within the chambers but not within the muscle. Imaging of the downstream metabolites showed
13
C-bicarbonate signal mainly confined to the left ventricular myocardium, whereas the [1-
13
C]lactate signal appeared both within the chambers and in the myocardium. The mean
13
C image signal:noise ratio was 115 for [1-
13
C]pyruvate, 56 for
13
C-bicarbonate, and 53 for [1-
13
C]lactate.

Conclusions:

These results represent the first
13
C images of the human heart. The appearance of
13
C-bicarbonate signal after administration of hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate was readily detected in this healthy cohort (n=4). This shows that assessment of pyruvate metabolism in vivo in humans is feasible using current technology.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02648009.
Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease: Risk Factors for Progressive Disease and Adverse Cardiac Events in the US Population
Authors: Friedman Kevin G. , Gauvreau Kimberly , Hamaoka‐Okamoto Akiko , Tang Alexander , Berry Erika , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Mahavadi Vidya S. , Baker Annette , deFerranti Sarah D. , Fulton David R. , Burns Jane C. , Newburger Jane W.
Published: September 2016

Background

The natural history of coronary artery aneurysms (
CAA
) after intravenous immunoglobulin (
IVIG
) treatment in the United States is not well described. We describe the natural history of
CAA
in
US
Kawasaki disease (
KD
) patients and identify factors associated with major adverse cardiac events (
MACE
) and
CAA
regression.

Methods and Results

We evaluated all
KD
patients with
CAA
at 2 centers from 1979 to 2014. Factors associated with
CAA
regression, maximum
CA
z
‐score over time (
z
Max), and
MACE
were analyzed. We performed a matched analysis of treatment effect on likelihood of
CAA
regression. Of 2860
KD
patients, 500 (17%) had
CAA
, including 90 with
CAA
z
‐score >10. Most (91%) received
IVIG
within 10 days of illness, 32% received >1
IVIG
, and 27% received adjunctive anti‐inflammatory medications.
CAA
regression occurred in 75%. Lack of
CAA
regression and higher
CAA
z
Max were associated with earlier era, larger
CAA
z
‐score at diagnosis, and bilateral
CAA
in univariate and multivariable analyses.
MACE
occurred in 24 (5%) patients and was associated with higher
CAA
z
‐score at diagnosis and lack of
IVIG
treatment. In a subset of patients (n=132) matched by age at
KD
and baseline
CAA
z
‐score, those receiving
IVIG
plus adjunctive medication had a
CAA
regression rate of 91% compared with 68% for the 3 other groups (
IVIG
alone,
IVIG
≥2 doses, or
IVIG
≥2 doses plus adjunctive medication).

Conclusions

CAA
regression occurred in 75% of patients.
CAA
z
‐score at diagnosis was highly predictive of outcomes, which may be improved by early
IVIG
treatment and adjunctive therapies.
Short‐Term Influence of Radiofrequency Ablation on NT‐proBNP, MR‐proANP, Copeptin, and MR‐proADM in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Data From the Observational SMURF Study
Authors: Charitakis Emmanouil , Walfridsson Håkan , Alehagen Urban
Published: September 2016

Background

There is limited knowledge on the short‐term influence of radiofrequency ablation (
RFA
) of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) on 2 cardiac biomarkers; the N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (
NT
‐pro
BNP
) and the midregional fragment of the N‐terminal of pro‐
ANP
(
MR
‐pro
ANP
) and 2 extracardiac biomarkers; the c‐terminal provasopressin (copeptin) and the midregional portion of proadrenomedullin (
MR
‐pro
ADM
). There are also limited data concerning cardiac production of the latter two.

Methods and Results

We studied 192 consecutive patients eligible for
RFA
of
AF
referred to the University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
NT
‐pro
BNP
,
MR
‐pro
ANP
, copeptin, and
MR
‐pro
ADM
levels were measured in peripheral blood, the coronary sinus (
CS
), and the left atrium before ablation, and in peripheral blood immediately and the day after
RFA
. The level of
NT
‐pro
BNP
decreased the day after
RFA
in participants in
AF
at the time of
RFA
, compared to the participants in sinus rhythm who showed a slight increase (
P
<0.001). Furthermore, regardless of the actual rhythm, the level of
MR
‐pro
ANP
showed an increase immediately after
RFA
(
P
<0.001), followed by a decrease the day after ablation (
P
<0.001). Copeptin level showed a 6‐fold increase immediately after
RFA
compared to baseline (
P
<0.001), whereas
MR
‐pro
ADM
level increased the day after
RFA
(
P
<0.001). Levels of copeptin and
MR
‐pro
ADM
were not higher in the
CS
compared to peripheral blood.

Conclusions

RFA
of
AF
is a strong stimulus with a significant and direct impact on different neurohormonal systems. We found no sign of a cardiac release of
MR
‐pro
ADM
or copeptin.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier:
NCT
01553045.
MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice
Authors: Fan Yifang , Xiong Xiaoxing , Zhang Yongming , Yan Dongmei , Jian Zhihong , Xu Baohui , Zhao Heng
Published: September 2016

Background

MKEY
, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of
CXCL
4–
CCL
5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied. We therefore studied the role of
MKEY
in stroke‐induced brain injury in mice.

Methods and Results

MKEY
was injected into mice after stroke with 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were measured. Protein levels of
CCL
5 and its receptor
CCR
5 were detected by Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (
FACS
), respectively. Numbers of microglia‐derived macrophages (MiMΦs) and monocyte‐derived MΦs (MoMΦs) in the brain, and their subsets, based on the surface markers
CD
45,
CD
11b,
CCR
2,
CX
3
CR
1, and Ly6C, were analyzed by
FACS
. MΦs and neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic brain were stained with
CD
68 and myeloperoxidase (
MPO
), respectively, and assessed by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. The results showed that expressions of
CCL
5 and its receptor
CCR
5, were increased in the ischemic brain after stroke.
MKEY
injection significantly reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores measured 72 hours after stroke. In addition,
MKEY
injection inhibited the number of MoMΦs, but not MiMΦs, in the ischemic brain. Furthermore,
MKEY
inhibited protein expression levels of Ly6C,
CCR
2, and
CX
3
CR
1 on MoMΦs. Lastly, the confocal study also suggests that the number of
CD
68‐positive MΦs and
MPO
‐positive neutrophils was inhibited by
MKEY
injection.

Conclusions

MKEY
injection protects against stroke‐induced brain injury, probably by inhibiting MoMΦ‐mediated neuroinflammation.
Sex Differences in Survival From Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Era of Regionalized Systems and Advanced Post‐Resuscitation Care
Authors: Bosson Nichole , Kaji Amy H. , Fang Andrea , Thomas Joseph L. , French William J. , Shavelle David , Niemann James T.
Published: September 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex differences in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective analysis from a regionalized cardiac arrest system. Data on patients treated for OHCA are reported to a single registry, from which all adult patients were identified from 2011 through 2014. Characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were evaluated with stratification by sex. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for survival with good neurological outcome (cerebral performance category 1 or 2) was calculated for women compared to men. There were 5174 out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs; 3080 males and 2094 females). Women were older, median 71 (interquartile range [IQR], 59–82) versus 66 years (IQR, 55–78). Despite similar frequency of witnessed arrest, women were less likely to present with a shockable rhythm (22% vs 35%; risk difference [RD], 13%; 95% CI, 11–15), have ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (23% vs 32%; RD, 13%; 95% CI, 7–11), or receive coronary angiography (11% vs 25%; RD, 14%; 95% CI, 12–16), percutaneous coronary intervention (5% vs 14%; RD, 9%; 95% CI, 7–11), or targeted temperature management (33% vs 40%; RD, 7%; 95% CI, 4–10). Women had decreased survival to discharge (33% vs 40%; RD, 7%; 95% CI, 4–10) and a lower proportion of good neurological outcome (16% vs 24%; RD, 8%; 95% CI, 6–10). In multivariable modeling, female sex was not associated with decreased survival with good neurological outcome (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8–1.1).

Conclusions

Sex‐related differences in OHCA characteristics and treatment are predictors of survival outcome disparities. With adjustment for these factors, sex was not associated with survival or neurological outcome after OHCA.
Risk of Shunting After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Adams Hadie , Ban Vin Shen , Leinonen Ville , Aoun Salah G. , Huttunen Jukka , Saavalainen Taavi , Lindgren Antti , Frosen Juhana , Fraunberg Mikael , Koivisto Timo , Hernesniemi Juha , Welch Babu G. , Jaaskelainen Juha E. , Huttunen Terhi J.
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—

Shunt dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a common sequela that may lead to poor neurological outcome and predisposes to various interventions, admissions, and complications. We reviewed post-aSAH shunt dependency in a population-based sample and tested the feasibility of a clinical risk score to identify subgroups of aSAH patients with increasing risk of shunting for hydrocephalus.

Methods—

A total of 1533 aSAH patients from the population-based Eastern Finland Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Database (Kuopio, Finland) were used in a recursive partitioning analysis to identify risk factors for shunting after aSAH. The risk model was built and internally validated in random split cohorts. External validation was conducted on 946 aSAH patients from the Southwestern Tertiary Aneurysm Registry (Dallas, TX) and tested using receiver-operating characteristic curves.

Results—

Of all patients alive ≥14 days, 17.7% required permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion. The recursive partitioning analysis defined 6 groups with successively increased risk for shunting. These groups also successively risk stratified functional outcome at 12 months, shunt complications, and time-to-shunt rates. The area under the curve–receiver-operating characteristic curve for the exploratory sample and internal validation sample was 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, with an external validation of 0.68.

Conclusions—

Shunt dependency after aSAH is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, and prediction modeling of shunt dependency is feasible with clinically useful yields. It is important to identify and understand the factors that increase risk for shunting and to eliminate or mitigate the reversible factors. The aSAH-PARAS Consortium (Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients’ Risk Assessment for Shunting) has been initiated to pool the collective insights and resources to address key questions in post-aSAH shunt dependency to inform future aSAH treatment guidelines.
Oppression versus Liberation
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul
Published: September 2016

This article analyzes the representation ofhijaband of hijab-wearing women in two post-9/11 British literary texts, Leila Aboulela’sMinaret(2005) and Shelina Janmohamed’sLove in a Headscarf(2009). It discusses the strong resolve of the heroines of these works with regard to wearing the hijab despite opposition to it from within their peers, friends and family members as well as Islamophobic hostility to this most overt and visible marker of Muslim identity. While many women wear hijab instinctively and without question in order to follow their religion and cultural tradition, Najwa in the fictional workMinaretand Shelina in the memoirLove in a Headscarfdecide to wear it reflectively after long contemplation and much soul searching. Such experiences convincingly and creatively refute the assumption that hijab is imposed on Muslim women by male relatives and dispel the most widespread stereotype that it is synonymous with female oppression.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the South American subgenus Euschistus (Lycipta) Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Carpocorini)
Authors: Weiler Luciana , Ferrari Augusto , Grazia Jocelia
Published: September 2016

Phylogenetic analyses of the 13 species of the subgenusLyciptabased on morphological characters were performed under equal and implied weighting, following the method of Mirande (2009). Species fromDichelops,Ladeaschistus,Proxys,Spinalanx,Euschistus(Euschistus) andEuschistus(Mitripus) were included as outgroups, and the tree rooted onCarpocoris. Sixty-five morphological characters were coded in the data matrix. The cladistic analyses did not recover the monophyly of the subgenusLycipta. A clade was supported based on characters of the pygophore and female ectodermal ducts strengthening a new definition ofEuschistus(Lycipta). One species,Euschistus monrosi, was excluded from the subgenus and transferred to the nominal subgenus.Euschistus(Lycipta) species are distributed in two Neotropical subregions: Brazilian (Pará, Rondônia and Yungas provinces) and Chacoan (Pampean, Atlantic, Parana andAraucariaForests and Puna provinces). Biogeographical analyses of spatial vicariance were performed employing different sets of parameters and allowed to identify five disjunctions nodes.
Cupania moralesii (Sapindaceae), a new endemic tree species from the premontane forest of Costa Rica
Authors: JIMÉNEZ JOSÉ ESTEBAN , JUÁREZ PEDRO , CHAVES-FALLAS JOSÉ MIGUEL
Published: September 2016

Cupania moralesii (Sapindaceae), a new endemic tree species from Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. The similarities and differences between this species and C. livida are discussed.
A second species, and first Central American record, of the phorid fly genus Lenkoa Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: BROWN BRIAN V. , PORRAS WENDY
Published: September 2016

A second species, and first Central American record, of the phorid fly genus Lenkoa Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae).        Many species of phorid flies have wingless or brachypterous females. Mostly, they belong to a group classified within the subfamily Metopininae corresponding to the Metopina group of genera of Brown (1992a) or the tribe Metopinini of Disney (2003, not 1987). The males of this group are much more typical in appearance, with well-developed wings, larger eyes, and fully developed abdominal tergites. These males carry females during a mating flight, often dispersing them to new breeding sites (Miller 1984). Generally, the sexual dimorphism is so great that the sexes cannot be confidently associated unless they are collected in copula. This has led to a profusion of species being described as males and females in separate genera. Some of these brachypterous females, both within the Metopinini and elsewhere in other Phoridae, have been correctly associated with their males when they are found together (e.g., Brown 1986, 1992b, 1994), but many remain unassociated.
Revised status of Oridryas Meyrick, 1938: new synonyms of Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796, and Ypsolopha parenthesella (Linnaeus, 1761 (Yponomeutoidea: Ypsolophidae)
Authors: SOHN JAE-CHEON , STᾸNESCU MIHAI
Published: September 2016

The eminent entomologist Aristide Caradja (1861–1955) published between 1925 and 1939, on his own or jointly with Edward Meyrick, a series of taxonomic papers on Chinese microlepidoptera including the descriptions of 18 new species in Yponomeutidae (Hyponomeutidae of authors). Their type specimens are currently deposited in two institutions, the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH: formerly British Museum of Natural History), as previously incorporated in the Meyrick collection, and the “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History in Bucharest, Romania (MGAB), as incorporated in the Caradja collection. The BMNH specimens were examined and illustrated by Clarke (1965). The type specimens of Oridryas kept in MGAB have never been studied since the original descriptions.
The Steninae MacLeay, 1825 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of Iran: identification key, checklist of species and a new synonymy
Authors: SERRI SAYEH , FRISCH JOHANNES
Published: September 2016

In this contribution to the knowledge of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran we present an identification key to the 69 species known to occur in this country, which includes illustrations of the diagnostic genital characters of all species involved. The endophallic characters of the aedeagus of several Iranian species of Stenus Latreille, 1797 are illustrated for the first time. A critical checklist of the Steninae of Iran is presented at the province level. Stenus alanorum Ryvkin, 1990 is synonymized with S. medus Puthz, 1981.
Onuphis and Mooreonuphis (Annelida: Onuphidae) from West Africa with the description of three new species and the reinstatement of O. landanaensis Augener, 1918
Authors: ARIAS ANDRÉS
Published: September 2016

The taxonomy of eastern Atlantic species of the genus Onuphis has been confused due to the somewhat cursory and misleading descriptions of species and the disregard of the true identity of the type species of the genus, O. eremita, which has been commonly reported from West Africa, along with O. geophiliformis and O. rullieriana. However, all three species are now considered as unlikely to occur in western Africa. This work recognises three species of Onuphis from this region. Two of them, Onuphis augeneri sp. nov. and O. hanneloreae sp. nov., are newly described from Nyanga estuary (Gabon) and Sal Island (Cape Verde) respectively. Furthermore, Onuphis landanaensis, a species described from the Gulf of Guinea and subsequently synonymised with O. eremita, is formally reinstated and redescribed based upon the re-examination of the original types. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all species are presented as well as the ontogenetic changes of the brooder O. hanneloreae sp. nov. Furthermore, the genus Mooreonuphis is recorded for the first time in Africa with the description of M. nunezi sp. nov. from Cape Verde archipelago. Additionally, a dichotomous key to all species of the genera Onuphis and Mooreonuphis from the eastern Atlantic is included.
Description of two new species of Seinura Fuchs, 1931 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran
Authors: ADELDOOST YASER , HEYDARI RAMIN , MIRAIEZ ESMAIL , JALALINASAB PARISA , ASGHARI RAMEZAN
Published: September 2016

Two new species of Seinura are described and illustrated using both morphological and molecular characters. Seinura persica n. sp. is characterized by having females with a distinct cephalic region, stylet 19.5 (18–20) μm long, four incisures in the lateral fields, position of excretory pore anterior to the base of metacorpus, post-uterine sac 54.8 (50–60) μm long, and an elongate-conoid tail with a shallow depression on the dorsal side ending in a sharply pointed tip. Males have body length of 467 and 592 μm, spicules 15 and 16 μm long with a prominent triangular-shaped rostrum, developed condylus and no cucullus. Seinura hyrcania n. sp. is characterized by having an offset lip region, stylet 21.5 (18–24) μm long, three incisures in the lateral fields, excretory pore anterior to the base of the metacorpus, post-uterine sac 19 (12–25) μm long and conical tail ending in a filiform terminus. Morphological and morphometric diagnostic characters together with molecular data based on partial sequences of SSU and LSU of the ribosomal DNA gene are provided for these new species.
Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China
Authors: REN LAN-LAN , STROIŃSKI ADAM , QIN DAO-ZHENG
Published: September 2016

Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898: R. unica sp. nov., R. fujianensis sp. nov. and R. hainanensis sp. nov. are described from south China. An identification key to Ricanula species in Chinese fauna is provided. Photographs of the adults and illustrations of genital structures of the new species are also given.
Comments on the morphology and biology of Pammene castanicola Trematerra & Clausi, 2009 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini)
Authors: CLAUSI MIRELLA , LEONE DIEGO , ORESTE MONICA , TARASCO EUSTACHIO
Published: September 2016

Many insects are reported to damage cultivated chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.; Fagaceae) in Italy, but the most important pests of chestnut fruits are weevils (Curculio elephas Gyll. and Curculio glandium Marsh.; Curculionidae) and tortricid moths (Pammene and Cydia; Tortricidae) (Pollini, 1998, Speranza, 1999). The larvae of the tortricid pests develop internally, tunnelling in the fruits and eating the endocarp (Rotundo et al. 1991), which significantly reduces nut quality and commercial value. The most damaging tortricid moths in the Italian chestnut industry are Pammene fasciana (Linnaeus) (the early chestnut moth), Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller) (the intermediate chestnut moth), and Cydia splendana (Hübner) (the late chestnut moth) (Pedrazzoli et al. 2012). Pammene castanicola Trematerra & Clausi, 2009 was recently described from chestnut woods near Etna Vulcan, Sicily (Trematerra and Clausi 2009), and it is known only from the vicinity of the type locality. It is similar to Pammene fasciana in morphological and biological features, and it was previously misidentified as P. fasciana. We provide observations on the biology and larval development and present detailed descriptions and illustrations of the mature larva of P. castanicola, with comments on the differences between P. castanicola and P. fasciana.
Toward Understanding the Properties of High Ice Clouds at the Naqu Site on the Tibetan Plateau Using Ground-Based Active Remote Sensing Measurements Obtained during a Short Period in July 2014
Authors: Zhao Chuanfeng , Liu Liping , Wang Qianqian , Qiu Yanmei , Wang Wei , Wang Yang , Fan Tianyi
Published: September 2016

This study describes the microphysical properties of high ice clouds (with bases above 5 km) using ground-based millimeter cloud radar cirrus-mode observations over the Naqu site of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during a short period from 6 to 31 July 2014. Empirical regression equations are applied for the cloud retrievals in which the parameters are given on the basis of a review of existing literature. The results show a unimodal distribution for the cloud ice effective radius re and ice water content with maximum frequencies around 36 μm and 0.001 g m−3, respectively. Analysis shows that clouds with high ice re are more likely to occur at times from late afternoon until nighttime. The clouds with large (small) re mainly occur at low (high) heights and are likely orographic cumulus or stratocumulus (thin cirrus). Further analysis indicates that ice re decreases with increasing height and shows strong positive relationships between ice re (μm) and depth h (m), with a regression equation of re = 35.45 + 0.0023h + (1.7 × 10−7)h2. A good relationship between ice re and temperature T (°C) is found, re = 44.65 + 0.1438T, which could serve as a baseline for retrieval of characteristic ice re properties over the TP.
Broadband Infrared Spectroscopy for Non-Contact Measurement of Neurological Disease Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Horosh Michael , Feldman Haim , Yablonovich Avi , Firer Michael A. , Abookasis David
Published: September 2016

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear and colorless biological fluid which circulates within brain ventricles (cavities), the spinal cord’s central canal, the space between the brain and the spinal cord, as well as their protective coverings, the meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid contains different constituents, such as albumin and lactate, whose levels are used clinically as biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders. In current clinical practice, analysis of CSF content for the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders requires an invasive procedure known as lumbar puncture or spinal tap. With the aim of developing a noninvasive alternative, we report here the spectral behavior of albumin and lactate over a broad wavelength range of 600–2000 nm, after each was added separately at varying normal and abnormal concentration levels to artificial CSF ( aCSF). Spectral measurements were conducted simultaneously by two different spectrometers working at different spectral ranges in transmittance mode. Spectral analysis revealed that albumin and lactate each possesses its own first and second derivative absorbance spectra fingerprint between 1660 and 1810 nm. Distinguishing albumin from lactate by their spectral data enabled the differentiation between aCSF conditions modeling different neurological disorders. Spectral changes of each compound strongly correlated ( R2 > 0.9) with absorbance derivative spectra peaks at specific wavelengths, when analyzed by linear regression with variations in their concentration. These findings suggest the feasibility of CSF biomarker assessment by broadband infrared spectroscopy.
“As Your Heavenly Father is Perfect”: The God of the Bible and Commandments in the Gospel
Authors: Feldmeier Reinhard
Published: September 2016

In common with much Hellenistic philosophy and Jewish tradition, early Christian writings often ground ethical teaching in the imitation of God. In the Gospels, however, what comes to the fore is “correspondence” to God, in which the divine love, mercy, and compassion provide the pattern also for human conduct. The bond of love between Creator and creature finds its most intimate expression in the relation of God as Father to God’s children, a love that they are to embody in relations toward neighbor and enemy alike.
What You See Depends on What You Are Looking for: Jesus’s Ascension as a Test Case for Thinking about Biblical Theology and Theological Interpretation of Scripture
Authors: Green Joel B.
Published: September 2016

The move from biblical theology to theological interpretation of Scripture is less a methodological shift and more a transformation of perspective marked by the location and interests of those of us who engage the Bible as the church’s book. I demonstrate this transformation by reflecting on different ways of reading the story of Jesus’s ascension in Acts 1:9–11.
Long-tenured ministry and systems theory: Bowen systems theory as a resource for the long haul
Authors: Galindo Israel , Mills Betty Pugh
Published: September 2016

Bowen Family Systems Theory (BFST) has become a helpful resource for many clergy and congregational leaders. Since the groundbreaking volume Generation to Generation by Edwin Friedman in 1985, the theory continues to be an influential “theory of practice” for ministry. In this article, the authors explore to what extent BFST can be a resource to clergy for a long-tenured pastorate. First, the authors review selected key concepts of the theory that lend themselves to the issue of long-term pastorates. Second, the authors examine responses to a survey from a number of clergy who are in long-term pastorates and who have been working with the theory for several years. In the interviews, respondents affirmed that BFST is a useful construct for congregational leadership in long-tenured ministry contexts.
In the robes of Christ
Authors: Howell Eric
Published: September 2016

A pastoral sabbatical season is a significant commitment for both the pastor and the congregation. Accordingly, the good made possible by sabbaticals extends far beyond the few months during which the congregation absorbs the pastor’s typical ministerial responsibilities. Done well, these seasons are vital for pastoral longevity in just the way that sabbaticals give pastors the space and opportunity to reflect on their own vocational journeys and identities. This article reflects on one pastor’s sabbatical experience at Taizé, in the steps of St. Francis, and at a monastery while framing an evolving vocational identity through three stages in an adult life. It also reflects on George Herbert’s poem “Aaron,” in which Herbert traces the pastoral identity from its paucity in the face of the ideal image of priestly ministry toward Christ’s infusion of ministerial grace. He “lives in me” declares Herbert finally. This article also introduces a surfing monk, whose (apparently) grudging submission to authority is both the challenge and beauty of the pastoral vocation with the local church. Following a personal experience and George Herbert, the author employs “robes” as the image of pastoral vocational identity.
Running with patience: Encouraging the long-term pastorate
Authors: Johnson Steven M.
Published: September 2016

Pastors need to develop a plan for effective, extended ministry.1 Researchers studying the long-term pastorate (LTP) have identified specific practices that can enrich effective ministry. By capitalizing on these practices, pastors can strengthen their service while personally benefiting from increased self-actualization and stability. This article also explores some of the pitfalls of the LTP and strategies for managing problematic issues. These issues include: wrong assumptions, lack of personal growth, ministry burnout, conflict management, and the phenomenon termed “managing the gap.” Practical approaches for addressing these challenges may assist readers in understanding and working toward a fruitful LTP.
“Why Wait Years to Become Something?” Low-income African American Youth and the Costly Career Search in For-profit Trade Schools
Authors: Holland Megan M. , DeLuca Stefanie
Published: September 2016

Increasing numbers of low-income and minority youth are now pursuing shorter-duration sub-baccalaureate credentials at for-profit trade and technical schools. However, many students drop out of these schools, leaving with large debts and few job prospects. Despite these dismal outcomes, we know very little about students’ experiences in for-profit programs and how these institutions shape postsecondary attainment. Using data from fieldwork with 150 inner-city African American youth, we examine why disadvantaged youth are attracted to these schools and why they struggle to complete certifications. In contrast to previous research, we find that the youth in our study have quite modest ambitions and look to for-profit trade schools as the quickest and most direct route to work. However, youth receive little information or guidance to support such postsecondary transitions. Therefore, the very element that makes for-profit trade school programs seem the most appealing—a curriculum focused on one particular career—becomes an obstacle when it requires youth to commit to a program of study before they have explored their interests. When youth realize they do not like or are not prepared for their chosen career, they adopt coping strategies that keep them in school but swirling between programs, rather than accumulating any credentials.
Criminals in Our Midst: Middle-Class Reactions to Representations of the “Ordinary” in a Buenos Aires Shantytown
Authors: Lederman Jacob
Published: September 2016

Building upon the concept of moral indignation, an analysis of the social reaction to a Buenos Aires shantytown shows how discourses that emphasize the criminality of its inhabitants are mobilized to explain the economic and ontological instability experienced by the local middle class. The media’s use of rhetorical frames that highlight the lack of boundaries between the middle-class readership and the residents of the shantytown produces indignation directed against the urban poor. The newspaper’s readership reconstructs social difference through discourses that frame the shantytown’s inhabitants as predatory, undeserving, and dangerous.

Partiendo del concepto de indignación moral, el análisis de la reacción social a una villa miseria de Buenos Aires demuestra como los discursos que enfatizan la criminalidad de los habitantes de la barriada son usados para explicar la inestabilidad económica y ontológica que sufre la clase media local. Los medios usan marcos retóricos que resaltan la falta de fronteras entre sus lectores de clase media y los residentes de las barriadas pobres y esto produce una indignación dirigida contra los pobres de las zonas urbanas. Los lectores del periódico reconstruyen las diferencias sociales por medio de discursos que definen a los habitantes de esas barriadas como depredadores, indignos y peligrosos.
Identification of two phosphorylation sites essential for annexin A1 in blood–brain barrier protection after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Wang Zhong , Chen Zhouqing , Yang Junjie , Yang Ziying , Yin Jia , Zuo Gang , Duan Xiaochun , Shen Haitao , Li Haiying , Chen Gang
Published: September 2016

Annexin A1 has been reported to exert a blood–brain barrier protection. This study was designed to examine the role of annexin A1 in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood–brain barrier dysfunction. A collagenase intracerebral hemorrhage model was performed in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. First, a possible relationship between annexin A1 and intracerebral hemorrhage pathology was confirmed by a loss of annexin A1 in the cerebrovascular endothelium and serum of intracerebral hemorrhage rats, and the rescue effects of i.v. administration of human recombinant annexin A1 in vivo and annexin A1 overexpression in vitro on the barrier function of brain microvascular endothelial cells exposed to intracerebral hemorrhage stimulus. Second, we found that intracerebral hemorrhage significantly increased the phosphorylation ratio of annexin A1 at the serine/threonine residues. Finally, based on site-specific mutagenesis, we identified two phosphorylation sites (a) annexin A1 phosphorylation at threonine 24 is required for its interaction with actin cytoskeleton, and (b) phosphorylation at serine27 is essential for annexin A1 secretion, both of which were essential for maintaining cytoskeleton integrity and paracellular permeability. In conclusion, annexin A1 prevents intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood–brain barrier dysfunction in threonine 24 and serine27 phosphorylation-dependent manners. Annexin A1 phosphorylation may be a self-help strategy in brain microvascular endothelial cells after intracerebral hemorrhage; however, that was almost completely abolished by the intracerebral hemorrhage-induced loss of annexin A1.
“While This Does Not in Any Way Excuse My Conduct . . . ”
Authors: Hulley Joanne L.
Published: September 2016

This article explores the role of neutralizations in desistance from sexual offending. The project involved interviews with 15 men convicted of a sexual offence against a child and living in the community for between 1 and 15 years following a period of incarceration. The majority had undertaken sex offender treatment and highlighted its utility. Participants less than 9 years post-release tended to neutralize their offending via the technique of “denial of responsibility,” while those 9 years plus post-release displayed less evidence of neutralizations. Treatment programmes may exclude those with high levels of denial and minimization, which I argue to be misguided and potentially dangerous. Findings indicate that neutralizations assist desistance from sexual offending by allowing for the negotiation of stigma and rejection of the “sex offender” label, thus providing for the development of a non-offending, prosocial identity.