bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Tür ins Jenseits. Zur Gestaltung des Eingangsbereiches zyprischer Gräber in archaischer Zeit
Authors: Walcher Katja
Published: September 2016

Les tombes "royales" 5 et 12 de Tamassos se distinguent par leur architecture très soignée, et en particulier celle de la façade de la chambre funéraire que caractérise notamment la présence de denticules, d'un encadrement de porte à plusieurs fasces et de pilastres à couronnement proto-éolique. Si chacun de ces traits a de rares parallèles dans l'architecture funéraire chypriote, ils sont surtout attestés dans le domaine religieux et palatial du monde phénicien. Ils indiquent que les tombeaux étaient ceux de personnages de haut rang, auxquels la mort conférait peut-être un statut de héros.
Le lotus, le tilapia et le rouget barbet
Authors: Caubet Annie
Published: September 2016

A group of Bichrome IV vases, probably produced at Salamis, adapt motives of Egyptian and Levantine origin together with purely Cypriote images such as the dominant bird, often paired with Phoenician palmette and lotus flowers. Vases showing ladies holding flowers seem to derive from Phoenician ivory plaques, while the tilapia fish of the blue faience bowls from Egypt was transformed by the Cypriote potter into a sea fish.
Les derniers temps du royaume d'Idalion et son annexion par Kition. Le témoignage des sculptures
Authors: Hermary Antoine
Published: September 2016

The limestone sculptures offered in the sanctuaries of Idalion -foremost that of Apollo - and in the surrounds during the second and third quarters of the 5th century B.C. constitute importance evidence for the end of this kingdom's independence and its submission to Kition. In taking up again a study of the main works, such as the large bust C 54 in the British Museum, and putting it in conjunction with the evidence available on the annexation of the kingdom of Idalion, it emerges that the "sub-Archaic" sculptures from the sanctuary of Apollo and other cult places which originally belonged to the territory of Idalion (for example, the "Chatsworth Apollo" and the Apollo of Malloura) were very likely to have been dedicated by the new Phoenician rulers.
Comments on the Vitsada "altar"
Authors: Sørensen Lone Wriedt
Published: September 2016

«L'autel» en calcaire trouvé à Vitsada est un monument à part dans la sculpture hellénistique de Chypre. Sa fonction est incertaine (autel ou base ?) et les reliefs qu'il porte, qui montrent une assemblée de dieux assistant à l'enlèvement de Perséphone, se prêtent difficilement à une étude stylistique cohérente. Comme l'avait déjà remarqué H. Cassimatis en 1976, certaines parties du décor ont été retravaillées : une étude plus détaillée de cette question montre l'importance de ces reprises et illustre la complexité des processus d'hellénisation à Chypre à l'époque hellénistique.
Le consulat de France à Larnaca à la fin de la Monarchie de Juillet. Correspondance de D. Fourcade et Th. Goepp (1840-1849). II. L'aide au commerce
Authors: Bonato Lucie
Published: September 2016

Reporting on the state of trade and navigation was the essential task of the Consuls. In Cyprus trade mainly involved exports which depended directly on agriculture. If the harvests were sometimes abundant, drought and locusts could nullify the peasants' hard work who were in addition crippled by taxes. Their situation became so desperate that they were forced to flee. Internal troubles and international events also affected trade and in the middle of the 19th century this was limited to the export of produce from the island and the import of items needed for internal consumption. Furthermore, though Cyprus offered shipping a safe haven from the hazards of navigation, whether storms or pirates, and supplied foodstuffs at an attractive price, maritime traffic off Larnaca went into a clear decline : new direct sea routes with the Levant had been created, the more secure situation in Syria had prompted merchants to set themselves up there, and the island's quarantine regime and relatively high customs dues also played a negative role.
Ritonavir Interacts With Belinostat to Cause Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Histone Acetylation in Renal Cancer Cells
Authors: Isono Makoto , Sato Akinori , Okubo Kazuki , Asano Takako , Asano Tomohiko
Published: September 2016

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor belinostat increases the amount of unfolded proteins in cells by promoting the acetylation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), thereby disrupting its chaperone function. The human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir, on the other
hand, not only increases unfolded proteins by suppressing HSP90 but also acts as a proteasome inhibitor. We thought that belinostat and ritonavir together would induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and kill renal cancer cells effectively. The combination of belinostat and ritonavir induced
drastic apoptosis and inhibited the growth of renal cancer cells synergistically. Mechanistically, the combination caused ER stress (evidenced by the increased expression of the ER stress markers) and also enhanced histone acetylation by decreasing the expression of HDACs. To our knowledge,
this is the first study that showed a beneficial combined effect of belinostat and ritonavir in renal cancer cells, providing a framework for testing the combination in renal cancer patients.
Suppressive Role of MicroRNA-148a in Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Through Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced 2
Authors: Zhao Min , Su Zhiying , Zhang Shiyang , Zhuang Liangjin , Xie Yudi , Li Xiaodong
Published: September 2016

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRs) play a crucial role in the development and progression of OC, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Our study investigated the regulatory role of miR-148a in OC cell proliferation
and invasion. We found that miR-148a was significantly downregulated in OC tissues compared to their matched adjacent nontumor tissues. In addition, its expression was also reduced in OC cell lines (SKOV3, ES-2, OVCAR, and A2780) compared to normal ovarian epithelial cells. Overexpression
of miR-148a caused a significant decrease in OC cell proliferation and invasion, as well as reduced MMP9 protein levels. Transforming growth factor-β-induced 2 (TGFI2) was further identified as a target gene of miR-148a, and its protein expression was downregulated in OC cells after miR-148a
overexpression. Restoration of TGFI2 attenuated the suppressive effects of miR-148a on OC cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, we found that TGFI2 was remarkably upregulated in OC tissues when compared with their matched adjacent nontumor tissues, and observed a reverse correlation between
miR-148a and TGFI2 expression in OC tissues. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that miR-148a inhibits OC cell proliferation and invasion partly through inhibition of TGFI2. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of the miR-148a/TGFI2 axis in the malignant progression of OC.
HBV and HCV serological monitoring among injection drugs users in opiate substitution treatment in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Skocibusic Sinisa , Martinac Marko , Arapovic Jurica , Grgic Svjetlana , Nikolic Jadranka , Hasanagic Dino , Bevanda Milenko , Ravlija Jelena
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Use of intravenous heroin carries a risk of serious medical conditions, including acquiring blood-borne infections. Therefore, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent a threat for people who inject drugs (PWID). The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and characteristics of risk factors for acquiring HBV and HCV infection in PWID included in opiate substitution treatment in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Methodology: The study included 120 adult PWID of both sexes who participated in opiate substitution treatment. All participants were interviewed, and their blood samples were tested for the presence of the surface hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV). Prevalence data were obtained and compared to the serological status. Results: HBsAg prevalence among PWID was 0.8% (1/120), whereas seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 52.5% (63/120). PWID exposed to risk-behavior factors (such as unsafe sexual activity, serving prison sentence, and tattooing) were more frequently anti-HCV positive. Sharing drug paraphernalia was found to be the most significant risk factor. The highest predictive values for acquiring HCV-infection were attributed to PWID who used heroin for more than three years and who were unmarried. Conclusions: HBsAg prevalence among PWID is rare (0.8%), while HCV-infection (52.5%) presents an important health and social issue among PWID in B&H. Sharing drug paraphernalia and intravenous heroin use longer than three years were the most prominent risk-behavior factors among the patients we investigated.
Multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated risk factors in community infants in Lebanon
Authors: Hijazi Soumaya Moustafa , Fawzi Mohamad Anwar , Ali Faten Moustafa , Abd El Galil Khaled Hussein
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) infections are a growing threat to children, and the treatment of these infections becomes more and more challenging. A huge reservoir for ESBLs in the community is the fecal flora of children. This study investigates the rectal colonization, associated risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular characterization of ESBL-PE in Lebanese community infants. Methodology: A total of 117 rectal swabs were taken from healthy infants between 1 and 12 months of age. Detection of ESBLs was carried out using the double-disk synergy test, combination-disk method, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A questionnaire about the infant’s history and risk factors for carrying ESBL-PE was administered. Results: In total, 58 (49.6%) of 117 participants were ESBL-PE carriers. Some significant important risk factors for colonization in this study were male gender, hospital birth, caesarean delivery, and being formula-fed. Observed decrease in colonization rate was associated with intimate hygiene habits. Carriers of multiple bla genes were the most common. CTX-M type was the major harbored, gene and CTX-M-9 was the most predominant, followed by CTX-M-15 type. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first available data about the carriage rate of ESBL-PE in community infants in Lebanon and the Middle East, the first study showing that birth in hospital, caesarean delivery, and being formula-fed are all significantly associated risk factors for the high colonization rates in community – not hospitalized – infants, and showing the dominance of multiple resistance gene carriage and wide dissemination of CTX-M-9 ESBL.
Indexes of Insulin Resistance in Hyperinsulinemic Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Macedonian Cohort of Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jovanovska-Mishevska Sasha , Atanasova-Boshku Aleksandra , Bitoska Iskra , Ahmeti Irfan , Todorova Biljana , Pemovska Gordana , Milenkovic Tatjana , Krstevska Brankica
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is complex hormonal, metabolic and reproductive disorder and is a leading cause of female infertility. Hyperinsulinemia secondary to insulin resistance plays important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.AIM: To assess the sensitivity of different indices of insulin resistance and their relevance in a clinical setting.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 43 patients with PCOS and 29 noromo ovulatory women as a control group was conducted. Standard clinical, anthropometrical and hormonal testing for hyperandrogenism was conducted, as well as oral glucose tolerance test with determination of basal and stimulated glucose and insulin values.RESULTS: The dynamic I/G index showed the highest sensitivity and specificity, but the static indexes HOMA-IR and QUICKI, although based on only basal glycemic and insulinemic values, showed good sensitivity, 90.38% and 94.01% respectively. HOMA-IR showed significant positive correlation with the stimulated insulin values.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of static indexes in the evaluation of insulin resistance in women with PCOS in a clinical setting, offering a simple assessment of insulin resistance in PCOS, which holds great prognostic and treatment implications.
Du milieu ouvert. Point de vue historique de la construction d’un dispositif de la justice des mineurs en France ( xix e - xx e siècles)
Authors: Jurmand Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2016

Longtemps, la prise en charge des mineurs de justice a été assimilée en France à des institutions d’enfermement, de relégation et d’éloignement. Cependant, dès la fin du xix e siècle, la pratique judiciaire évolue et, timidement, avec la liberté surveillée, émerge une autre alternative de maintien du mineur dans son milieu. Le mouvement s’accélère après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, néanmoins le modèle de la rééducation reste l’internat. Sous l’influence de facteurs sociaux d’urbanisation croissante et sous l’impulsion législative de l’ordonnance du 23 décembre 1958 sur la protection de l’enfance en danger, désormais on ne traite pas séparément le mineur indépendamment de sa famille et de son milieu. Le modèle du milieu ouvert s’étend à l’ensemble de la protection judiciaire des mineurs et devient dominant à la fin des années 1970.
Les usagers des aides à domicile en protection de l’enfance, des usagers comme les autres ?
Authors: Daadouch Christophe
Published: September 2016

La législation prévoit la prise en compte formelle des avis des parents et de l’enfant en matière de protection de l’enfance. Il est proposé un rappel des textes et une analyse critique des retards ou des difficultés constatés sur la place donnée aux « usagers », ainsi qu’une présentation du problème spécifique de l’Action éducative en milieu ouvert ( aemo ) et de l’Action éducative à domicile ( aed ).
Remarques sur l’unicité de l’ aemo et de l’ aed
Authors: Pendanx Daniel
Published: September 2016

Si l’ aemo et l’ aed ont une vocation clinique commune – celle d’être une médiation éducative visant à étayer la fonction parentale et à trianguler la scène de vie de l’enfant –, alors une aemo , comme le cas présenté en rend compte, ne saurait « réussir » là où une aed ne l’aurait pu.
Du pari de l’éducation au pari de la continuité des parcours éducatifs
Authors: Lopez Marie-Hélène
Published: September 2016

Une présentation brève de l’évolution de la justice des mineurs, de ses missions et des mesures exercées. Un constat de la situation actuelle et des réflexions sur les courants et paradoxes qui traversent les pratiques.
Création d’un service de consultation et d’action familiale
Authors: Greday Bernadette
Published: September 2016

Cet article présente le processus de création d’un service innovant. Impulsée par un ensemble de services de protection administrative et judiciaire, cette action précoce s’inscrit dans une démarche préventive. Elle a été pensée afin d’éviter une chronicisation de situations familiales conflictuelles, susceptibles de porter préjudice au développement de l’enfant. Trouvant son origine dans le contexte territorial caractérisé par la culture ancienne d’un travail en réseau, ce service étaye la mise en œuvre des compétences parentales en favorisant la transition de la conjugalité à la parentalité.
L’action éducative à domicile au pôle Guidance infantile
Authors: Carpentier Laurence
Published: September 2016

L’ aed guidance, intégrée au fonctionnement des cmp , porte un regard psychopathologique sur l’action éducative. Elle repose sur deux axes : le travail avec l’enfant, qui offre une relation sécure et soutient la remise en place de ses capacités potentiellement disponibles ; le travail avec les parents, qui ouvre la recherche de sens et favorise leur restauration narcissique. Le contrat, co-rédigé entre les parents et l’équipe de soin, est un outil de travail pertinent : il facilite la reconnaissance par la famille des difficultés de l’enfant, des mécanismes en jeu et soutient l’ajustement parental. Sa signature réengage et restitue aux parents leur place.
L’articulation des pratiques éducatives et soignantes
Authors: Fondeville Florence , Santiago Sanz Henri
Published: September 2016

Cet article présente les principaux résultats d’une étude menée en partenariat entre le crfms erasme , l’ ifsi Marchant et cinq établissements des secteurs social ( cdef , Veille sociale), médico-social (centre d’éducation spécialisé) et sanitaire (services de pédopsychiatrie en hôpital). Elle vise à préciser et analyser ce que recouvre l’articulation entre le sanitaire et le social au sein des équipes pluridisciplinaires. Elle vise également à alimenter les dispositifs pratiques et de formation.
Le général Brohon et la coopération franco-britannique : une intégration réussie
Authors: de Lespinois Jérôme
Published: September 2016

En 1956, lors de l’opération de Suez, le commandement français est étroitement assujetti au commandement britannique. Or, compte tenu de la dissemblance des objectifs politico-militaires, cette situation est une cause directe de l’échec de l’opération. Néanmoins, la coopération des forces franco-britanniques sur le terrain apparaît excellente, plus particulièrement dans le domaine aérien. Cette réussite tient tout d’abord à la spécificité de l’emploi de l’arme aérienne, puis à la grande complémentarité des moyens déployés et, enfin, à la personnalité du chef de la composante de l’armée de l’Air de la force d’intervention française, le général de brigade aérienne Raymond Brohon. En définitive, la participation aérienne française à l’opération de Suez marque, dix années après le début de la reconstruction de l’armée de l’air, le retour des aviateurs français au meilleur niveau opérationnel à l’égal des Britanniques.
Paribas en Roumanie, influence bancaire et impératifs politiques
Authors: Pelletier François
Published: September 2016

Au tournant du xx e  siècle, une nouvelle forme d’énergie s’impose peu à peu par sa supériorité au charbon. La France prend pourtant un sérieux retard dans le domaine de la recherche et de l’exploitation pétrolière. Les besoins croissants de l’industrie et la mécanisation des forces armées vont remettre en question cette attitude passive. La Première Guerre mondiale catalyse le changement. Le gouvernement français utilise alors tous les moyens à sa disposition pour favoriser la création d’une puissante industrie pétrolière nationale. Parallèlement, les grandes banques françaises se lancent dans le secteur. Cet article retrace le processus qui mène à l’implantation de Paribas dans l’industrie pétrolière roumaine. Cet investissement a une portée politique certaine. La Roumanie occupe une place très importante dans la hiérarchie des pays pétroliers. Les enjeux sont importants. La présence française en Roumanie doit contribuer à l’encerclement politique et économique de l’Allemagne.
La raison collective aujourd’hui : illusion ou réalité ?
Authors: Saint-Sernin Bertrand
Published: September 2016

La notion de raison collective désigne-t‑elle une réalité ou une illusion ? Si cette notion n’est pas illusoire, à l’aide de quels concepts peut-on la penser ? On prend comme champ d’expérience la recherche scientifique et, plus largement, la recherche de la vérité. La question devient alors : la créativité d’une collectivité dépend-elle uniquement de la créativité des individus qui la composent ou y a-t‑il des cas où il est légitime de juger que la collectivité en tant que telle est l’auteur d’une découverte ? Si cette conjecture est fondée, peut-on faire en sorte qu’elle ne se réduise pas à une opinion, même « droite » (hortè doxa), mais devienne une position testable logiquement et expérimentalement ? En nous appuyant sur les travaux de Gilbert Simondon et sur l’expérience conduite par deux mathématiciens, Timothy Gowers et Terence Tao, nous concluons que la notion de découverte collective est fondée mais qu’elle implique un dépassement de l’attachement des individus à leur « moi » et à leur « nous » tribal : il s’agit d’une véritable révolution intellectuelle et spirituelle. Elle est donc fragile, car exposée au déni et à la régression.
Le constructivisme est-il une métaéthique ?
Authors: Turmel Patrick , Rocheleau-Houle David
Published: September 2016

La distinction entre éthique normative et métaéthique n’implique pas nécessairement une indépendance complète entre ces deux plans théoriques, mais à tout le moins une séparation stricte entre les types de réponses recherchés. Le constructivisme moral semble toutefois échapper à cette règle. S’il s’agit, à première vue, d’une théorie normative, il est également présenté dans la littérature métaéthique comme une troisième voie face à l’alternative réductrice entre un réalisme moral qui doit postuler l’existence de propriétés métaphysiques difficilement conciliables avec le monde naturel et un antiréalisme qui rend bien compte de la force motivationnelle du jugement moral, mais au prix de son objectivité. Il existe toutefois un scepticisme largement partagé – et en partie justifié – quant à cette prétention métaéthique du constructivisme. Il n’est en effet pas toujours très aisé de voir de quelle façon le constructivisme – et quel constructivisme – répond aux questions les plus fondamentales de la métaéthique, qu’il s’agisse de questions d’ordre ontologique, sémantique, épistémologique ou encore psychologique. Ce texte offre quelques pistes afin de voir comment le constructivisme moral peut répondre à ces problèmes de métaéthique, et d’une façon telle qu’elle lui permettrait de se distinguer clairement à la fois du réalisme et de l’expressivisme.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting the Degradation of Tram Tracks Using Maintenance Data
Authors: Moridpour Sara , Mazloumi Ehsan , Hesami Reyhaneh
Published: September 2016

The increase in number of passengers and tramcars will wear down existing rail structures faster. This is forcing the rail infrastructure asset owners to incorporate asset management strategies to reduce total operating cost of maintenance whilst improving safety and performance. Analysing track geometry defects is critical to plan a proactive maintenance strategy in short and long term. Repairing and maintaining the correctly selected tram tracks can effectively reduce the cost of maintenance operations. The main contribution of this chapter is to explore the factors influencing the degradation of tram tracks (light rail tracks) using existing geometric data, inspection data, load data and repair data. This chapter also presents an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model to predict the degradation of tram tracks. Predicting the degradation of tram tracks will assist in understanding the maintenance needs of tram system and reduce the operating costs of the system.
Pitching and the Other International Practices of Innovation Competitions
Authors: Rusko Rauno , Härkönen Katja , Petäjäniemi Sofia
Published: September 2016

This chapter focuses on the international practices of innovation competitions. Pitching is a truly global phenomenon in the education and youth entrepreneurship, which has similar structures and contents all over the world. Thus, this international practice follows the ideas of Ohmae (1990) about the borderless world. In other words, the micro-activities and the practices of innovation events are following the joint global macro-level frameworks and practices. However, there seems to be slight differences of these events basing on how these events are named or marketed in the Web. Some of these events are web-based while others involve face-to-face happenings. All these forms of pitching events provide important channel for young entrepreneurship. This chapter focuses on the international practices of innovation competitions. Pitching is a truly global phenomenon in the education and youth entrepreneurship, which has similar structures and contents all over the world. Thus, this international practice follows the ideas of Ohmae about the borderless world. In other words, the micro-activities and the practices of innovation events are following the joint global macro-level frameworks and practices. However, there seems to be slight differences of these events basing on how these events are named or marketed in the Web. Some of these events are web-based while others involve face-to-face happenings. All these forms of pitching events provide important channel for young entrepreneurship.
Universities Fostering Business Development
Authors: Castro Omar Alonso Patiño , Arias Catalina Lucia Ruiz , Ibañez Jose Emilio Jimenez , Bulla Francisco Javier Matiz
Published: September 2016

Universities play a fundamental role in promoting entrepreneurship and directly contributing to the economic development of the country. This chapter presents the case of EAN University, an institution that from its foundation has focused on entrepreneurship as its mission. Over time the university has taken concrete actions to develop its three mission areas: training, research and social outreach. At EAN University, the entrepreneur training model is mandatory for all programs, making it part of the student's core education. In addition, the university promotes and creates a culture of entrepreneurship in its community through permanent business incubation and acceleration services, which are available to all students and graduates. EAN's accompaniment model begins with a diagnostic which determines the stage the company is in: preincubation, incubation or acceleration. The university's effort is focus on directing and accompanying companies in the preincubation and incubation stages.
Online Facial Symmetry and Achieving Success in a Digital Entrepreneurship World
Authors: Dorin Spoaller F.
Published: September 2016

The second most used page on a newly found website from which a client might buy an item is the ABOUT US page. Using real images of real employees has an overall positive effect on the outcome of that visit. However, it is not always as simple as that. Subtle differences in the content of the pictures may have more of an impact than previously thought. Online advertising has long been considered as a media where creativity is not needed, with the advertising agencies focusing on a few basic rules for displaying ads: call to action, numbers, colors, human figures or symbols and so on. The results are analyzed only on their conversion rate value, this being one of the main reasons why online advertising is being regarded as the future of advertising worldwide. This study is focusing on the Click Through Rate (CTR) impact of different ads using different Facial Symmetry Indices (FSI) on the human figures used. The hypothesis proposed is that a person with a higher FSI, noticeable only at a subconscious level, will generate more clicks on an online ad.
The Occurrence of Mold in Construction Materials before Inbuilt into New Building and Protection against this Type of Biodegradation
Authors: Ryparová Pavla , Rácová Zuzana
Published: September 2016

Mold together with other microorganisms are belonging to the group of biodeteriogens which is common occurred on both the inner and outer surfaces of building structures. Mentioned study is comparing the generic composition of mold on the surface of board materials (wood and plaster based) with the generic composition of mold trapped air in Central Bohemia. In the air they were identified following species of mold: Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Epiccocum, Alternaria, Mucor. The almost identical species of mold was found on board materials. It also investigated the minimal inhibitory concentrations of silver nanoparticles against selected mold (Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Epiccocum, Alternaria). The results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration for most of mold is 1.5 g / m2 except Apergillus species, where the minimum inhibitory concentrations have a double value.
Effect of Material Composition on Impact Energy Absorbing Capability of Composite Laminates
Authors: Haruna Ryota , Kusaka Takayuki , Tanegashima Ryota , Takahashi Junpei
Published: September 2016

A novel experimental method was proposed for characterizing the energy absorbing capability of composite materials during the progressive crushing process under impact loading. A split Hopkinson pressure bars system was employed to carry out the progressive crushing tests under impact loading. The stress wave control technique was used to avoid the inhomogeneity of dynamic stress field in the specimen. The progressive crushing behavior was successfully achieved by using a coupon specimen and anti-buckling fixtures. With increasing strain rate, the absorbed energy during the crushing process slightly decreased, whereas the volume of the damaged part clearly increased regardless of material type. Consequently, the energy absorbing capability decreased with increasing loading rate. The effects of material composition, such as fiber type, matrix type and fabric pattern, on energy absorbing capability were also investigated by using the proposed method.
Effect of Foam Structure on Impact Compressive Properties in Foamed Polyethylene Film
Authors: Tateyama Kohei , Yamada Hiroyuki , Ogasawara Nagahisa
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of foam structure on the impact compressive properties of foamed polyethylene film. Three types of foamed PE film were prepared, which have different foam structure: base type, spheral type and dense type. A quasi-static test was performed using a universal testing machine at the strain rate of 10-3~10-1s-1. Impact tests were carried out using a drop-weight testing machine at the strain rate of 101~102s-1 and using a split Hopkinson pressure bar method at the strain rate of approximately 103s-1. It was confirmed that the foamed PE film shows an increase of the flow stress with increasing of the strain rate, regardless of the specimen type. In the spheral type specimen, the elastic response is observed immediately after compression because the cell shape of this specimen has high bending resistance in comparison with the other two specimens. In addition, it is confirmed that the relative density and cell size affects the flow stress in the foamed PE film.
Investigations on Dynamic Energy Absorption Behavior of Metal Foam
Authors: Luo Geng , Xue Pu
Published: September 2016

In this study, the dynamic energy absorption behavior of metal foam is investigated. A 3D Voronoi numerical model is established. Uniaxial compression under quasi-static and impact with velocities in the range of 10m/s to 200m/s are implemented, respectively, to investigate the energy behavior. During the impact process, the impact energy is transferred into kinetic energy and the internal energy. The kinetic energy varies with fluctuation due to the propagation and reflection of plastic shock wave. When the plastic shock wave arrives at the impact side or support side, the rate of internal energy absorption increases, and the kinetic energy possesses a local maximum/minimum value. The dynamic internal energy is obvious higher than quasi-static internal energy, due to the region behind the wave front is compacted tightly resulted from the plastic shock wave.
Experimental Analysis of the Concrete Penetration by Using Warheads from Demobilized Ammunition
Authors: Magier Mariusz , Burian Wojciech , Rotkegel Marek , Szymala Jan
Published: September 2016

The basic goal of this project it to check the possibility of use warheads of the demobilized cumulative ammunition for sinking tunnels or channels in the mining. The preliminary tests were conducted in Military Institute of Armament Technology with using warheads of the battle ammunition.Dynamic tests were conducted on 26 June and 18 September of 2015 year on the training ground of the Military Institute of Armament Technology in Zielonka near Warsaw. The possibility of the penetration of concrete structure by cumulative warheads of the combat ammunition was a purpose of research.
Experimental Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Free Vibrations of Beam Models Caused by Impact
Authors: Jemielita Grzegorz , Kozyra Zofia , Kruszka Leopold
Published: September 2016

An experimental analysis was performed to model transverse impact of free-free and free supported square duralumin beams loaded at different locations along their length. The applied impact load was obtained from tests carried out on a single Hopkinson pressure bar equipped with a high speed camera. The experimental set-up consisted of an Hopkinson measuring bar that is brought in contact with the beam. In this one-point impact experiment, a cylindrical striker, fired by the air gun, impacts the Hopkinson bar and generates stress waves that travel along the bar and impinge upon the aluminum beam. The stress waves are recorded by strain gages mounted on the Hopkinson measuring bar. These are used to calculate the applied load on the beam. Dynamical displacements of the impact zone of tested beam were recorded by the high speed camera. The dynamic experiments show that the plastic deformation, adjacent to the impact location, is due to combined dominant bending and stretching modes. Most of the plastic deformation is confined to the impact zone of tested beams. The plastic strain magnitude and distribution near the impact zone is similar for all tested impact locations, but higher for the more symmetrical impacts. The conversion of impact energy into kinetic, elastic strain energy and plastic dissipation work is characterized for various impact locations along the specimen of beam.
Effects of Additives on Tensile Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Polycaprolactone Polymer Blends
Authors: Nishida Masahiro , Ito Yoshiaki , Shinzawa Hideyuki , Nishida Masakazu , Hayakawa Yoshio
Published: September 2016

Bioplastics have attracted attention over the years from a perspective of environmental protection. Recently, attention is focused on bioplastics derived from inedible objects. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are known as a microbial origin plastic and expected to deal effectively with the food security issue. In this study, in order to use PHA for industrial and machinery parts and products, polycaprolactone (PCL) was blended with a PHA-based pellet to improve ductility and tensile strength. The effects of additives on tensile strength and elongation at break, dynamic tensile tests of the polymer blends were examined using split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) method at high strain rates.
Study of Deformation and Failure of Bitumens for Asphalt Mixtures under Dynamic Loads
Authors: Smirnov Ivan V. , Petrov Yuri V. , Konstantinov Alexandr Yu. , Bragov Anatoly M. , Lomunov Andrey K.
Published: September 2016

The work presents results of the experimental study of dynamic compression of various modifications of bitumen: bitumen 40/60, polymer-bitumen binder and rubber bitumen. The tests were carried out using the Kolsky method. The tests were conducted for the sample temperature of-15 and 20 °C. It is shown that polymer modifier and rubber additives have a significant influence on the carrying capacity of the bitumen samples at slow loading, but they do not provide significant advantages in the dynamic tests. Strain rate dependence of maximum compressive stress was obtained for the bitumens. It is shown that this dependence can be predicted by the incubation time criterion. The values of the quasi-static and dynamic strength, characterizing the carrying capacity of bitumen at slow and fast loading, are defined.
The Prediction of the Depth of Long Rod Penetrating into Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets
Authors: Wang Jie , Wu Hai Jun , Pi Ai Guo , Huang Feng Lei , Liu Zong Wei
Published: September 2016

Long rod has strong ability of penetrating into targets with high velocity because of the big ratio of L/D. In the process of the penetration, the resistance of target is so big that the deformation of the head of the projectile is severe. There are many factors influence the process, which make it difficult to get analytic solutions. In this paper, we propose a simplified calculation method which considering engineering strain of the head of projectile. And the rigid-plastic model was used to describe the constitutive model of projectiles. The relationship between the engineering strain of the mushroom area and velocity was analyzed, which is exponential. Then, combined with cavity expansion theory, the calculation results about the DOP are in good agreements with the experimental results. At last, there are numerical simulations about the relative experiments, and the results obtained from numerical simulations show the deformation of the projectile and the depth of the penetration, which are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation and experiments.
Ballistic Performance of a Transparent Inter-Layered Specimen by a Long-Rod Impact
Authors: Choi Joon Hong , Kim Dong Kyu , Kim Jeong Tae
Published: September 2016

Ballistic performance has been studied by impacting a long rod projectile into a bulk glass material and a layered specimen. The shock wave interaction on the material boundaries showed that it greatly influences the fracture configuration of glass material. A high speed photographic technique was applied in the experiment to observe the shock wave interaction and damage evolution in the bulk material. Transparent BK7 glass was used as the main material to observe the dynamic fracture phenomena. The depth of penetration (DOP) was measured to assess the ballistic efficiency of the bulk specimen compared with specimens that consisted of selected inter-layer materials, specifically rubber and a steel plate. The obtained results show that the use of a lower impedance material as an inter-layer is effective to enhance the ballistic performance while reducing the shock amplitude and delaying the wave propagation. These findings are in good agreement with the results of a numerical analysis using AUTODYN.
Investigation on Liquid Segregation during Rheo-Casting Process Based on Eulerian-Granular Multiphase Model
Authors: Wang Jiao Jiao , Zhu Qiang , Zhang Fan , Li Da Quan , He You Feng
Published: September 2016

A crucial problem concerned with the semi-solid forming process is the liquid segregation phenomena during shape formation, especially for rheo-casting process. Liquid segregation occurs due to the separation phenomena of the solid grain and the liquid phase. In this work, using commercial finite element software, the liquid segregation during rheo-casting process was numerically investigated by Eulerian-granular multiphase model based on the comparable results of single phase model, Eulerian-granular two-phase and three-phase model, along with Eulerian-granular DDPM three-phase model. In the study, solid grains and liquid phases were regarded as rigid material and non-Newtonian fluid at microscale, separately. This validation was experimentally proved and also compared to the proposed relationship of power law, Herschel-Bulkley model with yield stress at macroscale.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AIN Particles Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites with In Situ Synthesis Process
Authors: Wang Zhao Hui , Li Bo , Du Xian , Liu Ke , Li Shu Bo , Du Wen Bo
Published: September 2016

In this paper, In Situ AlN particles reinforced magnesium matrix composites were fabricated. The results show that the AlN phases can be In Situ synthesized in AZ91D alloy with the addition of Mg3N2. The microstructure and phases of the matrix alloys and the composites were investigated by OM, SEM and XRD. The hardness and mechanical properties of the matrix alloys and the composites were also obtained. Compared with those of the matrix alloy, the grains of composites were refined obviously and the mechanical properties of composites were improved significantly. The microstructural analysis indicates that the AlN particles can act as the heterogeneous nucleation of α-Mg phases in the composites. The strengthening mechanism of the composites with AlN particles was discussed.
Fabrication of Metal Laminate Composites with Interface Reinforcement by Semi-Solid Sintering
Authors: Bastwros Mina M.H. , Kim Gap Yong
Published: September 2016

Semi-solid sintering technique has been introduced to alter the interfaces of a metal laminate composite material. A thin layer of reinforcement nanoparticles was applied on substrate metallic sheets using an ultrasonic spray deposition method. The sheets were then stacked, pressed, and sintered in the semi-solid regime of the metallic sheet. The liquid phase present in the matrix material penetrates and diffuses into the nanoparticle layer during consolidation and helps to form a gradual, nanostructured interface. Aluminum (Al6061) and magnesium (AZ31) alloy foils were used as the matrix sheets while various species of reinforcement particles were investigated, including silicon carbide (SiC), silicon (Si), and a mix of Si+SiC. Multilayered metal composites with nanostructured interfaces were successfully consolidated and were evaluated by performing a three-point bend test. AZ31 composites reinforced with SiC nanoparticle interface showed an improvement of 49% in flexural yield strength when compared with a reference sample without such interfaces.
A Novel Method for Semi-Solid Casting of Hypereutectic Gray Cast Iron in Expendable Mold
Authors: Rostamzadeh Safar , Niroumand Behzad , Maleki Ali
Published: September 2016

In the present research, the possibility of single stage semi-solid casting of a hypereutectic gray cast iron in a sand mold was investigated. For this purpose, a specially designed chilled sprue sand mold rigged to a vertical centrifugal casting machine was used. The molten cast iron was poured in the chilled sprue sand mold at 1275 oC at a rotation speed of 400 rpm. Two control samples were also poured at 1275 oC under gravity and centrifugal casting conditions in the same mold without sprue chilling. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the specimens were then characterized. The results showed that the average length and thickness of the primary solid phase, i.e. the Kish graphite, and those of the eutectic flake graphite were smaller in semi-solid centrifuged castings and their hardness were higher than those of the control samples. The results are discussed in terms of the shearing and chilling effects of the designed sprue during the initial stages of pouring.
Thixocasting of Al-7%Si Alloy Billets Prepared by Ultrasonic Treatment
Authors: Khalifa Waleed , Tsunekawa Yoshiki
Published: September 2016

The feasibility of using the ultrasonic melt treatment to prepare billets for thixocasting process of hypoeutectic Al-7%Si alloys was studied in this paper. The work covered the billet preparation, soaking treatments and thixocasting process, with focus on the microstructural features in each case. The results showed that the use of ultrasonic treatment in billet preparation resulted in highly uniform, fine and non-dendritic microstructures. Billets with globule sizes as small as 58 µm, and roundness of more than 0.7 were obtained by ultrasonic melt treatment. Different soaking conditions before thixocasting were done and the optimum from which was the soaking for 5 min at 580°C, which resulted in thixocast parts with excellent combination of fine globules of 80 µm and roundness of 0.7 - 0.81. The eutectic Si, as well, was greatly refined by the ultrasonic thixocasting process. Furthermore, high-Fe ultrasonic treated billets, which were thixocasted successfully, exhibited Fe-intermetallic particles in highly desirable fine compacted form. These results reveal the feasibility and competence of UST as a potential route for feedstock production.
Microstructure Evolution and Coarsening Mechanism of 7075 Semi-Solid Aluminum Alloy Pre-Deformed by ECAP Method
Authors: Fu Jin Long , Wang Yu Wei , Wang Kai Kun , Li Xiao Wei
Published: September 2016

To investigate the influence of refined grains on the microstructure of 7075 aluminum alloy in semi-solid state, a new strain induced melting activation (SIMA) method was put forward containing two main stages: pre-deformation with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method and isothermally holding in the semi-solid temperature range. The breaking up and growth mechanisms of the grains and kinetics of equiaxed grains coarsening during the semi-solid holding were investigated. The results showed that the average grain size after ECAP extrusion decreased significantly, e.g., microstructure with average globular diameter less than 5μm was achieved after four-pass ECAP extrusion. Obvious grain coarsening had been found during isothermal holding in the semi-solid state and the roundness of the grains increased with the increasing holding time. The proper microstructure of 66.8μm in diameter and 1.22 in shape factor was obtained under proper soaking condition (at 590°C for 15 min). Two coarsening mechanisms, namely, coalescence in lower liquid fraction and Ostwald ripening in higher liquid fraction contributed to the grain growth process.
Thixo-Forging of an Appropriative Alloy for Scroll Production
Authors: Zhang Zhi Feng , He Min , Li Bao , Xu Jun
Published: September 2016

An appropriative alloy for semisolid forming has been designed by mean of optimizing chemical compositions of main elements and microalloying. In this study, thixo-forging process was developed for the appropriative alloy to produce scroll of automobile AC compressor. The results showed that the billet microstructure of the appropriative alloy imposed by A-EMS was fine and uniform, which benefited for effective control in the reheating process, and scrolls with integrity were obtained by optimizing process parameters.
Study of Forming Mechanism of Non-Filling Holes in Blades of Semi-Solid Cast Impellers
Authors: Lu Hong Xing , Zhu Qiang , He You Feng , Zhang Fan , Li Da Quan
Published: September 2016

The semi-solid casting process has a lot of advantages in controlling casting defects. High quality impellers have been produced successfully by the semi-solid process for several years. The semi-solid processed impellers have uniform microstructure and premier mechanical properties, and therefore excellent durability. Further improvement of performance of the impellers is demanded and achieved by increasing curvature and length of blades of impellers. These changes create potential trend of casting defects in blades of impellers, such as non-filling holes. In our recently work, castings were made in different conditions, including two-step plunger velocity and one-step plunger velocity. The experimental results show that the change of plunger velocity played a decisive role in the forming of non-filling holes. Entrapped gas is the direct reason of the non-filling holes. With the increasing of plunger velocity, the area of non-filling holes increased. The non-filling holes in blades could be avoided by eliminating the plunger velocity’s changing during filling blades.
Manufacturing and Fatigue Verification of Two Different Components Made by Semi-Solid Processing of Aluminium TX630 Alloy
Authors: Blad Madeleine , Johannesson Bengt , Nordberg Patrik , Winklhofer Johannes
Published: September 2016

Although rheocasting is widely used for the production of thin-walled components, thick-walled rheocast components are not yet common. In this paper, thick-walled semi-solid cast components were manufactured using serial production equipment. The aim of the investigation was to replace components made of spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI) and conventionally cast aluminium in order to lower the weight of the truck, and still fulfill the high demands set on serial production. The rheocasting process used was a modified Rapid-S process coupled with a TX630 aluminium alloy and T5 or T7 heat treatment. Two different serial production rheocast components were fatigue tested by means of constant amplitude rig testing in order to define Wöhler curves. Moreover, multi-axial shake testing with signals recorded from proving ground was carried out. Fracture surfaces as well as metallographic samples were investigated.