bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDEARIO DE LOS CENTROS DOCENTES PRIVADOS EN LA LEGISLACIÓN Y JURISPRUDENCIA COLOMBIANAS
Authors:   Universidad de La Sabana (Bogotá, Colombia), Prieto Vicente
Published: October 2016

La Constitución y la legislación colombianas reconocen la libertad de enseñanza y el derecho de crear centros educativos privados con un ideario propio. La jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, sin embargo, ha hecho prevalecer en situaciones de conflicto los derechos individuales de los estudiantes o profesores sobre los derechos del centro docente ideológicamente comprometido. El artí­culo subraya la importancia de la ponderación de derechos para armonizar los distintos derechos e intereses en juego.
Diagnosis of Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast by Preoperative Core Needle Biopsy: A Case Report
Authors: Takahashi Keiichi
Published: October 2016

Intracystic papillary carcinoma (ICPC) of the breast is rare. It is categorized as noninfiltrating papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). It protrudes and grows into the inner cavity in a papillary form, usually unaccompanied by severe infiltration in the surrounding interstitium. ICPC is often a noninfiltrating carcinoma and differentiating it from benign intracystic papilloma is difficult using preoperative imaging alone. Therefore, deciding on a treatment policy is often difficult. For correct diagnosis, it is vital to perform fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) of the intracystic solid part accurately and under ultrasound guidance. However, the rate of accurate diagnosis by FNA cytology is low, and diagnosis by CNB is reported to be more effective than cytology. CNB of the solid part of a cyst for preoperative diagnosis is difficult and has a sensitivity of 60%. There is also a report stating that preoperative diagnosis could not be obtained in 40% of patients with ICPC. Therefore, biopsy by resection should be considered in patients who cannot be diagnosed by either FNA or CNB. However, DCIS had better be preoperatively diagnosed because not only axillary lymph node dissection but also sentinel lymph node biopsy might be omitted. The patient was a 42-year-old woman. She found a tumor mass in the left inner breast 10 weeks before her initial visit to the author's clinic. It was difficult to differentiate between the benignity or malignancy of the tumor from images, but a diagnosis of ICPC was made using preoperative CNB.
Should We Perform Routine Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Before Cholecystectomy?
Authors: Gunay Emre , Hasan Abuoglu Haci
Published: October 2016

In some patients, there is not any symptomatic relief after cholecystectomy due to the overlap of the symptoms of biliary and gastroduodenal pathologies known as postcholecystectomy syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy in reducing the possibility of postcholecystectomy syndrome. This retrospective study was conducted in 194 cases. In patients sampled for histopathologic examination, screening for Helicobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia was carried out with Giemsa stain and PAS–Alcian stain. Patients who did not undergo UGI endoscopy before operation were designated as Group A (n = 100) and those who underwent routine UGI endoscopy before operation were called Group B (n = 94). Symptomatic relief after cholecystectomy and endoscopic findings were evaluated. Thirty-one of the 39 patients diagnosed with H. pylori, underwent eradication treatment. Seven of the 31 patients undergoing H. pylori eradication during the preoperative period had ongoing symptoms at the postoperative period. On the other hand, only 2 of 8 patients who did not undergo H. pylori eradication during the preoperative period had unremitting symptoms during the postoperative period. Only three of 100 patients who did not receive a UGI endoscopy during the preoperative period had unremitting symptoms during the postoperative period. The main outcome of the study is to evaluate the necessity of performing routine UGI endoscopy before cholecystectomy. Our results show that it is not necessary, because if you take biliary colic as the one and only symptom of indication for cholecystectomy, the ratio of postcholecystectomy syndrome is 3% to 5% and the reason is 50% organic.
Frequency of Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Prospective Study
Authors: Temizturk Fatih , Zeren Sezgin , Bayhan Zulfu , Ozkan Yasemin , Temizturk Sule
Published: October 2016

The aim of this prospective study is to investigate the frequency and associated clinical findings of benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) in adult patients who were diagnosed with inguinal hernia. Benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is defined as a clinical condition consisting of musculoskeletal symptoms such as arthralgia, pain, recurrent soft tissue disorders, joint dislocation, as well as increased normal range of motion. We hypothesized that the frequency of BHJS may increase in the patients who underwent surgery for groin hernias due to the hypermobility in connective tissue. We evaluated 66 patients in terms of BHJS prospectively in a 6-month period. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 33 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair surgery. The second group also included 33 healthy volunteers who did not have inguinal hernia operation. General joint hypermobility (GJH) was assessed using Beighton hypermobility scoring criteria, and BJHS was scored by Brighton scoring criteria. The data were assessed statistically. BJHS was diagnosed in 22 (66%) patients with inguinal hernia and in 4 (12%) healthy volunteers, respectively. Prevalence of BJHS and Beighton scores in patients with inguinal hernia were significantly higher (P < 0.05). GJH was found in 20 (60%) of the inguinal hernia patients (Beighton score ≥ 4; P < 0.05). BJHS should be considered when evaluating patients with inguinal hernia. We believe that further studies are needed in big cohorts to verify the relationship between inguinal hernia in adults and BJHS.
Methyl Methacrylate and Alpha-Methyl Styrene: New Strategy for Synthesis of Bloc Copolymers for Use in Potential Biomedical Applications Generated by an Ecologic Catalyst Called Maghnite (Algerian MMT)
Authors: Ayat Moulkheir , Belbachir Mohamed , Rahmouni Abdelkader
Published: October 2016

A new model for synthesis of the plastics, block copolymers were prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and alpha-methyl styrene (α-MS) by cationic copolymerization in the presence of a new and efficient catalyst of “Maghnite-Na” at 0 °C in bulk. In this paper, the copolymerization of α-MS and MMA was induced in heterogeneous phase catalyzed by Maghnite-Na was investigated under suitable conditions. The “Maghnite-Na” is a montmorillonite sheet silicate clay, with exchanged sodium cations to produce Na-Montmorillonite (Na+-MMT) obtained from Tlemcen, Algeria, was investigated to remove heavy metal ion from wastewater as an efficient catalyst for cationic polymerization of many vinylic and heterocyclic monomers. The synthesized copolymer were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR-1H, NMR-13C), FT-IR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) to elucidate structural characteristics and thermal properties of the resulting copolymers. The structure compositions of “MMT”, “H+-MMT” and “Na+-MMT” have been developed. The effect of the MMA/α-MS molar ratio on the rate of copolymerization, the amount of catalyst, temperature and time of copolymerization on yield of copolymers was studied. The yield of copolymerization depends on the amount of Na+-MMT used and the reaction time. The kinetic studies indicated that the polymerization rate is first order with respect to monomer concentration. A possible mechanism of this cationic polymerization is discussed based on the results of the 1H-NMR Spectroscopic analysis of these model reactions. A cationic mechanism for the reaction studies showed that monomer was inserted into the growing chains.
Microscopic Phase Structure of Mo-based Catalyst and Its Catalytic Activity for Soot Oxidation
Authors: Mei Congwei , Yuan Yinnan , Li Xianming , Mei Deqing
Published: October 2016

The MoO3 catalysts supported on nano-scale TiO2 with various loading rates (5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) were prepared by an impregnation method. The phase structures of nano-scale MoO3/TiO2 catalysts were characterized by Brunner-Emmet-Teller, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscope. The oxidation activities of catalysts over diesel soot were performed in a Thermogravimetric Analysis system. The kinetics of the catalytic oxidation process was analyzed based on Starink method. The characterization results showed that the phase structure of MoO3 supported on TiO2 depends heavily on the molybdenum contents, which put great effects on soot oxidation. The orthorhombic crystal system (α-MoO3) appeared on the surface of the catalysts when the MoO3 exceeds 10%. Due to the low melting point and good surface mobility of MoO3, the catalytic activity was increased and the characteristic temperatures were decreased with the increase in MoO3 contents. As a result, the activities of catalysts with different loading rates for soot oxidation can be ranked as: Mo5<Mo10<Mo20
Autogenic entrenchment patterns and terraces due to coupling with lateral erosion in incising alluvial channels
Authors: Malatesta Luca C. , Prancevic Jeffrey P. , Avouac Jean‐Philippe
Published: October 2016

The abandonment of terraces in incising alluvial rivers can be used to infer tectonic and climatic histories. A river incising into alluvium erodes both vertically and laterally as it abandons fill‐cut terraces. We argue that the input of sediment from the valley walls during entrenchment can alter the incision dynamics of a stream by promoting vertical incision over lateral erosion. Using a numerical model, we investigate how valley wall feedbacks may affect incision rates and terrace abandonment as the channel becomes progressively more entrenched in its valley. We postulate that erosion of taller valley walls delivers large pulses of sediment to the incising channel, potentially overwhelming the local sediment transport capacity. Based on field observations, we propose that these pulses of sediment can form talus piles that shield the valley wall from subsequent erosion and potentially force progressive channel narrowing. Our model shows that this positive feedback mechanism can enhance vertical incision relative to 1‐D predictions that ignore lateral erosion. We find that incision is most significantly enhanced when sediment transport rates are low relative to the typical volume of material collapsed from the valley walls. The model also shows a systematic erosion of the youngest terraces when river incision slows down. The autogenic entrenchment due to lateral feedbacks with valley walls should be taken into account in the interpretation of complex‐response terraces.
Three‐dimensional outflow jets generated in collisionless magnetic reconnection
Authors: Fujimoto Keizo
Published: October 2016

The present study proposes a new theoretical model generating three‐dimensional (3‐D) outflow jets in collisionless magnetic reconnection by means of a large‐scale particle‐in‐cell simulation. The key mechanism is the formation of 3‐D flux ropes arising in the turbulent electron current layer formed around the magnetic x line. The scale of the flux ropes along the current density is determined by the wavelength of an electron flow shear mode which is a macroscopic scale larger than the typical kinetic scales. The 3‐D flux ropes are intermittently ejected from the current layer and regulates the outflow jets into three dimensions. The gross reconnection rate is sufficiently large, since reconnection takes place almost uniformly along the x line.
The effect of subtropical aerosol loading on equatorial precipitation
Authors: Dagan G. , Chemke R.
Published: October 2016

Cloud‐aerosol interactions are considered as one of the largest sources of uncertainties in the study of climate change. Here another possible cloud‐aerosol effect on climate is proposed. A series of large eddy simulations (LES) with bin microphysics reveal a sensitivity of the total atmospheric water vapor amount to aerosol concentration. Under polluted conditions the rain is suppressed and the total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases with time compared to clean precipitating conditions. Theoretical examination of this aerosol effect on water vapor transport from the subtropics to the tropics, and hence on the equatorial rain and Hadley circulation, is conducted using an idealized general circulation model (GCM). It is shown that a reduction in the subtropical rain amount results in increased water vapor advection to the tropics and enhanced equatorial rain and Hadley circulation. This joins previously proposed mechanisms on the radiative aerosol effect on the general circulation.
Overexpression of KLHL23 protein from read‐through transcription of PHOSPHO2‐KLHL23 in gastric cancer increases cell proliferation
Authors: Choi Eun‐Seok , Lee Hanna , Lee Chang‐Hun , Goh Sung‐Ho
Published: October 2016

Gene fusion, as a prototypical pathognomonic mutation, contributes to genome complexity, and the cis‐transcription‐induced gene fusions generated by read‐through transcription of adjacent genes have been found to be important for tumor development. We screened read‐through transcription events from stomach adenocarcinoma RNA‐seq data and selected three candidates PHOSPHO2‐KLHL23, RPL17‐C18orf32, and PRR5‐ARHGAP8, to assess their biological role in gastric cancer. The expression of all three read‐through fusion transcripts was confirmed in gastric cancer cell lines and paired normal/tumor gastric cancer tissues by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and their expression was found to be significantly higher in the tumor (P < 0.05; n = 75). The correlation between the expression level and clinicopathological information was statistically analyzed. The level of the PHOSPHO2‐KLHL23 read‐through fusion transcript correlated with the Lauren classification and was significantly associated with the presence of perineural invasion. Overexpression of KLHL23 from PHOSPHO2‐KLHL23 read‐through transcript led to a significant increase in cell proliferation and resistance to anticancer drug treatment. Silencing of KLHL23 expression decreased cyclin D1 levels. The expression of KLHL23 from prevalent read‐through transcripts of PHOSPHO2‐KLHL23 in gastric cancer may undermine the efficacy of anticancer drug treatment.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D overexpression is associated with the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer
Authors: Lin Yaying , Zhang Rongrong , Zhang Ping
Published: October 2016

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of gynaecological cancer‐associated death; thus, promising biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer must be explored. Here, we report that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D (EIF3D), a member of the EIF3 family, was overexpressed in ovarian cancer clinical tissues. Furthermore, the expression of EIF3D was correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and pathological differentiation stage. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2 (MTT) and colony formation assays revealed that the lentivirus‐mediated knockdown of EIF3D suppresses cell proliferation in the ovarian tumour cell lines CAOV‐3 and SKOV‐3. Flow cytometry revealed that cells were arrested at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and that cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 was also altered after EIF3D silencing. The results presented here demonstrate that EIF3D may play an important role in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer.
On near‐wall jets in a disc‐like gas vortex unit
Authors: Niyogi Kaustav , Torregrosa Maria M. , Pantzali Maria N. , Heynderickx Geraldine J. , Marin Guy B. , Shtern Vladimir N.
Published: October 2016

To clarify the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of near‐wall jets observed in disc‐like gas vortex units (GVUs), experimental and numerical studies are performed. The experimental results are obtained using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser doppler anemometry, pressure probes and surface oil flow visualization techniques. The first three techniques have been used to investigate the bulk flow hydrodynamics of the vortex unit. Surface oil flow visualization is adopted to visualize streamlines near the end‐walls of the vortex unit. The surface streamlines help to determine the azimuthal and radial velocity components of the radial near‐wall jets. Simulations of the vortex unit using FLUENT® v.14a are simultaneously performed, computationally resolving the near‐wall jet regions in the axial direction. The simulation results together with the surface oil flow visualization establish the 3D structure of the near‐wall jets in GVUs for the first time in literature. It is also conjectured that the near‐wall jets develop due to the combined effect of bulk flow acceleration and swirl. The centrifugal force diminishes in the vicinity of the end‐walls. The radially inward pressure gradient in these regions, no longer balanced by the centrifugal force, pushes gas radially inward thus developing the near‐wall jets. © 2016 The Authors AIChE Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1740–1756, 2017
Adaptive Chemical Networks under Non‐Equilibrium Conditions: The Evaporating Droplet
Authors: Armao Joseph J. , Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2016

Non‐volatile solutes in an evaporating drop experience an out‐of‐equilibrium state due to non‐linear concentration effects and complex flow patterns. Here, we demonstrate a small molecule chemical reaction network that undergoes a rapid adaptation response to the out‐of‐equilibrium conditions inside the droplet leading to control over the molecular constitution and spatial arrangement of the deposition pattern. Adaptation results in a pronounced coffee stain effect and coupling to chemical concentration gradients within the drop is demonstrated. Amplification and suppression of network species are readily identifiable with confocal fluorescence microscopy. We anticipate that these observations will contribute to the design and exploration of out‐of‐equilibrium chemical systems, as well as be useful towards the development of point‐of‐care medical diagnostics and controlled deposition of small molecules through inkjet printing.
In situ stabilization of Pd(0) nanoparticles into a mixture of natural carbohydrate beads: A novel and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst system for Heck coupling reactions
Authors: Rahmati Sadegh , Arabi Ameneh , Khazaei Ardeshir , Khazaei Marzieh
Published: October 2016

A convenient, mild and cost‐effective synthesis of palladium nanoparticles stabilized by a mixture of natural carbohydrate beads (gum arabic and pectin) as a new bio‐organometallic catalyst is reported. Powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies and energy‐dispersive X‐ray and UV–visible spectroscopies were employed to characterize this supported Pd nanoparticles/gum arabic/pectin catalyst. The nanocatalyst exhibited efficient activity in Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling reactions between various aryl halides and n‐butyl acrylate under solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst can easily be recovered from the reaction system and reused several times with high yields. The products were obtained in short reaction times with excellent yields.
(C5H6N4O)(C5H5N4O)3(C5H4N4O)[Bi2Cl11]Cl2 as a simple and efficient catalyst in Biginelli reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Gu Xiaoyu , Gao Yuhua , Nie Shipeng , Lu Hongfei
Published: October 2016

A highly efficient and facile procedure for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)ones/thiones from the one‐pot condensation of aldehyde, β‐dicarbonyl compound and urea/thiourea was developed. The methodology is applicable to a wide range of substrates with high yield in the presence of (C5H6N4O)(C5H5N4O)3(C5H4N4O)[Bi2Cl11]Cl2. The complex is an air‐stable, environmentally friendly and recoverable catalyst and can efficiently catalyze the Biginelli reaction. The catalyst has high catalytic efficiency with low catalyst loading, and can be recycled ten times with only a small loss of activity.
Efficient synthesis of 5‐substituted tetrazoles catalysed by palladium–S‐methylisothiourea complex supported on boehmite nanoparticles
Authors: Moradi Parisa , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash
Published: October 2016

An efficient and general method is reported for the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazole derivatives in the presence of S‐methylisothiourea complex of palladium immobilized on boehmite nanoparticles (Pd‐SMTU@boehmite) as an efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst. Boehmite nanoparticles were not sensitive to air or moisture and were prepared without inert atmosphere in water at room temperature. Then a novel type of phosphine‐free palladium complex was immobilized on these nanoparticles. This catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission and scanning electron microscopic, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic, X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopic techniques. The catalyst was reused several times without palladium leaching or change in its structure.
Synthesis, Molecular Mechanism and Pharmacokinetic Studies of New Epoxy Lignan‐Based Derivatives
Authors: Rifai Yusnita , Tani Harold B. , Nur Muhammad , Aswad Muhammad , Lallo Subehan , Wahyudin Elly
Published: October 2016

The oxidative demethylation procedure for a new epoxy lignan isolated from Piper nigrum was applied to the synthesis of 3’‐methoxy‐3”,4”‐(methylenedioxy)‐2,5‐epoxylignan‐4’‐ol‐6’‐one. This compound inhibited the mRNA expression of the protein patched homolog (Ptch) in human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC1) and therefore might be valuable as a probe for tumor‐related disease. The pharmacokinetic profile of 3'‐methoxy‐3”,4”‐(methylenedioxy)‐2,5‐epoxylignan‐4'‐ol‐6'‐one was rapidly determined using ultra‐fast liquid chromatography. The compound was rapidly absorbed in blood.
Analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in the edible fungus Volvariella volvacea
Authors: Jiang Wei , Lv Beibei , Wu Xiao , Wang Jinbin , Wu Guogan , Shi Chunhui , Tang Xueming
Published: October 2016

In this study, trends in synonymous codons usage of Volvariella volvecea have been first examined by analysis of complete coding sequences and gene chip data. The results showed that GC content at three codon positions are obviously different and there were several factors shaping the codon usage of V. volvacea genes, including base composition. The comparison of codon usage among four edible fungi such as V. volvacea, Agaricus bisporus, Coprinopsis cinerea, and Pleurotus ostreatus indicated that the similar codon usage pattern was used among V. volvacea, A. bisporus and P. ostreatus, but there was significantly different codon usage pattern of C. cinerea. Two arrays of optimal codons were determined by effective number of codons (ENC) values and gene chip database separately, resulting that most of the ENC‐predicted optimal codons were included in the array of gene chip resulted optimal codons. This study can provide useful information for codon usage pattern analysis and gene transformation of V. volvacea.
Untersuchungen zur Optimierung von Holzfaserdämmstoffen in Abhängigkeit von den Aufschlussbedingungen
Authors: Brombacher Volker , Franco Michel , Krug Detlef , Torres U. Marco , Niemz Peter
Published: October 2016

An industriell und im Labor unter Variation der Zerfaserungsbedingungen hergestelltem Faserstoff und an Faserdämmplatten wurden das Feuchteverhalten und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit bestimmt, um das Dämmverhalten der Faserplatten zu optimieren. Es konnte ein Einfluss des Zerfaserungsdruckes auf die Schüttdichte und die Wärmeleitung nachgewiesen werden. Mit zunehmendem Zerfaserungsdruck steigen die Schüttdichte und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Dies korreliert mit der Fasergeometrie. Durch die Zerfaserungsbedingungen kann zudem die Gleichgewichtsfeuchte beeinflusst werden. Mit steigendem Druck sinkt die Gleichgewichtsfeuchte.

Investigations on improving wood fiber insulation boards depending on mechanical pulping conditions. In the present paper the moisture behaviour and the thermal conductivity of fiberboards and fibres from industrial production and laboratory samples were measured to improve the insulation properties. The bulk density and the thermal conductivity were found to be dependend on the pressure of the pre‐heating unit. With increasing pressure the bulk density and accordingly the thermal conductivity increased too. In addition the results showed that by varying the pressure the moisture content was influenced. With increasing pressure the moisture content decreased.
Wandkonstruktionen im ariden Klima
Authors: Teimourtash Shabnam
Published: October 2016

Die klimatisch effiziente Wandkonstruktion ist einer der entscheidenden Faktoren zur Minderung des Energieverbrauchs. Der winterliche Wärmeschutz der Gebäudehülle wird überall durch den Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten (U‐Wert) geprüft, um die Wärmedämmfähigkeit der Bauteile zu vergleichen. Der sommerliche Wärmeschutz ist insbesondere in ariden Regionen zu berücksichtigen. Dort herrscht kaltes Winterklima und warmes Sommerklima. Die konventionellen Wände sind hier für ihre hohe Wärmespeicherfähigkeit bekannt. Heute werden jedoch Baustoffe mit niedriger Wärmeleitfähigkeit bevorzugt. Die folgende Studie stellt die heutigen den konventionellen Wandkonstruktionen im Iran bezüglich ihres Wärmeschutzes im Sommer und Winter gegenüber. Der Analyse wird der Vergleich der TTC (thermal time constant), der U‐Werte und eine thermodynamische Simulation zugrunde gelegt. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse schlägt thermisch geeignete Wandkonstruktionen für aride Regionen vor, die in Vorschriften berücksichtigt werden können.

External walls in arid climates. Climate efficient design of external walls is one of the factors influencing energy conservation in buildings. The thermal performance of building envelopes in winter is mainly determined by thermal transmittance (U) to compare the thermal insulation of building materials. In summer the heat transfer through the building envelope should especially be considered in the arid regions. This region has cold winter and warm summer climate. External walls of vernacular buildings here have high thermal capacity. However, building materials with low thermal conductivity are common today. This paper compares the thermal performance of contemporary and conventional external walls in Iran to find an effective solution in both summer and winter. The analysis includes the comparison of TTC (thermal time constant) and U‐values of external walls besides a thermodynamic simulation. The results indicate the thermal properties of external walls enhancing indoor thermal comfort, which can be adopted for energy efficiency standards in the arid regions.
Thermischer Komfort im Sommer – Ergebnisse aus dem Energiemonitoring eines mit Passivhauskomponenten sanierten Bürogebäudes
Authors: Bagherian Behrooz
Published: October 2016

Das IWU‐Haus dient seit 2011 als neues Domizil des Instituts Wohnen und Umwelt (IWU) in Darmstadt. Das im Jahr 1962 erbaute Verwaltungsgebäude wurde vor dem Einzug energetisch auf nahezu Passivhaus‐Standard (mittlerer Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient Ū (opak) gemäß Energieeinsparverordnung = 0,11 W/(m2K) bzw. Ū (transparent) = 0,85 W/(m2K)) modernisiert. Hierbei wurde dem sommerlichen Wärmeschutz besondere Bedeutung beigemessen und ein für Büronutzung angemessenes Konzept entwickelt.

Die Messergebnisse zeigen, dass durch die Sanierung nach dem Passivhaus‐Standard nicht nur der Energieverbrauch sowie CO2‐Emissionen des Bürogebäudes stark reduziert wurden, sondern zudem ohne Klimatisierung ein ausgezeichnetes sommerliches Raumklima erreicht.

Thermal comfort in summer – results from the energy monitoring of an office building refurbished with Passive House components. In 2011 the Institute for Housing and Environment moved to a new domicile in Darmstadt, the so called IWU‐house. Beforehand, the administration building built in 1962 was modernised to almost Passive House standard (average heat transfer coefficient Ū (opaque) = 0.11 W/(m2K) and Ū (transparent) = 0.85 W/(m2K)). Special attention was paid to summer heat protection, and an appropriate concept for office use was developed.

The measurement results show that not only the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the office building were greatly reduced; even without air conditioning the refurbishment with Passive House components also ensures an excellent indoor climate in summer.
Synthesis of ZnSe and ZnSe:Cu quantum dots by a room temperature photochemical (UV‐assisted) approach using Na2SeO3 as Se source and investigating optical properties
Authors: Khafajeh R. , Molaei M. , Karimipour M.
Published: October 2016

In this study, ZnSe and ZnSe:Cu quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using Na2SeO3 as the Se source by a rapid and room temperature photochemical (UV‐assisted) approach. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) was employed as the capping agent and UV illumination activated the chemical reactions. Synthesized QDs were successfully characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD analysis demonstrated the cubic zinc blend phase QDs. TEM images indicated that round‐shaped particles were formed, most of which had a diameter of about 4 nm. The band gap of the ZnSe QDs was higher than that for ZnSe in bulk. PL spectra indicated an emission with three peaks related to the excitonic, surface trap states and deep level (DL) states. The band gap and QD emission were tunable only by UV illumination time during synthesis. ZnSe:Cu showed green emission due to transition of electrons from the Conduction band (CB) or surface trap states to the 2T2 acceptor levels of Cu2+. The emission was increased by increasing the Cu2+ ion concentration, such that the optimal value of PL intensity was obtained for the nominal mole ratio of Cu:Zn 1.5%.
The productive cellulase binding capacity of cellulosic substrates
Authors: Karuna Nardrapee , Jeoh Tina
Published: October 2016

Cellulosic biomass is the most promising feedstock for renewable biofuel production; however, the mechanisms of the heterogeneous cellulose saccharification reaction are still unsolved. As cellulases need to bind isolated molecules of cellulose at the surface of insoluble cellulose fibrils or larger aggregated cellulose structures in order to hydrolyze glycosidic bonds, the “accessibility of cellulose to cellulases” is considered to be a reaction limiting property of cellulose. We have defined the accessibility of cellulose to cellulases as the productive binding capacity of cellulose, that is, the concentration of productive binding sites on cellulose that are accessible for binding and hydrolysis by cellulases. Productive cellulase binding to cellulose results in hydrolysis and can be quantified by measuring hydrolysis rates. In this study, we measured the productive Trichoderma reesei Cel7A (TrCel7A) binding capacity of five cellulosic substrates from different sources and processing histories. Swollen filter paper and bacterial cellulose had higher productive binding capacities of ∼6 µmol/g while filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose, and algal cellulose had lower productive binding capacities of ∼3 µmol/g. Swelling and regenerating filter paper using phosphoric acid increased the initial accessibility of the reducing ends to TrCel7A from 4 to 6 µmol/g. Moreover, this increase in initial productive binding capacity accounted in large part for the difference in the overall digestibility between filter paper and swollen filter paper. We further demonstrated that an understanding of how the productive binding capacity declines over the course of the hydrolysis reaction has the potential to predict overall saccharification time courses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 533–542. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced cellulase recovery without β‐glucosidase supplementation for cellulosic ethanol production using an engineered strain and surfactant
Authors: Huang Renliang , Guo Hong , Su Rongxin , Qi Wei , He Zhimin
Published: October 2016

Recycling cellulases by substrate adsorption is a promising strategy for reducing the enzyme cost of cellulosic ethanol production. However, β‐glucosidase has no carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM). Thus, additional enzymes are required in each cycle to achieve a high ethanol yield. In this study, we report a new method of recycling cellulases without β‐glucosidase supplementation using lignocellulosic substrate, an engineered strain expressing β‐glucosidase and Tween 80. The cellulases and Tween 80 were added to an aqueous suspension of diluted sulfuric acid/ammonia‐treated corncobs in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for ethanol production. Subsequently, the addition of fresh pretreated corncobs to the fermentation liquor and remaining solid residue provided substrates with absorbed cellulases for the next SSF cycle. This method provided excellent ethanol production in three successive SSF cycles without requiring the addition of new cellulases. For a 10% (w/v) solid loading, a cellulase dosage of 30 filter paper units (FPU)/g cellulose, 0.5% Tween 80, and 2 g/L of the engineered strain, approximately 90% of the initial ethanol concentration from the first SSF process was obtained in the next two SSF processes, with a total ethanol production of 306.27 g/kg corncobs and an enzyme productivity of 0.044 g/FPU. Tween 80 played an important role in enhancing cellulase recovery. This new enzyme recycling method is more efficient and practical than other reported methods. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 543–551. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic impact of extracapsular lymph node involvement after neoadjuvant therapy and oesophagectomy
Authors: Lagarde S M , Navidi M , Gisbertz S S , van Laarhoven H W M , Sumpter K , Meijer S L , Disep B , Immanuel A , Griffin S M , van Berge Henegouwen M I
Published: October 2016

Background

The significance of extracapsular lymph node involvement (LNI) is unclear in patients with oesophageal cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant treatment followed by oesophagectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and prognostic significance of extracapsular LNI in a large multicentre series of consecutive patients with oesophageal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and surgery.

Methods

Data from a consecutive series of patients treated at two European centres were analysed. All patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation followed by transthoracic oesophagectomy and two-field lymphadenectomy with curative intent, were included.

Results

Between January 2000 and September 2013, 704 patients underwent oesophagectomy after neoadjuvant therapy. A median of 28 (range 5–77) nodes per patient was recovered. Some 347 patients (49·3 per cent) had no LNI (ypN0). Of the remaining 357 patients (50·7 per cent) with LNI (ypN1–3), extracapsular LNI was found in 190 (53·2 per cent). Five-year overall survival rates were 62·7 per cent for patients with N0 disease, 44·9 per cent for patients without extracapsular spread and 14·0 per cent where extracapsular LNI was identified (P < 0·001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated the presence of extracapsular LNI as an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion

The presence of extracapsular LNI after neoadjuvant therapy carries a poor prognosis.
Sawtooth‐ or Pyramidal‐patterned Si Negative Electrode Fabricated by Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems for Li‐Ion Secondary Battery
Authors: Kim Myeongho , Lee Min Jeong , Choi Insoo , Kim Jae Jeong
Published: October 2016

Si has been an attractive negative electrode material for high energy density Li‐ion secondary battery owing to its largest theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g. However, the volume change caused by a large degree of lithiation and delithiation results in the formation of severe cracks and the exfoliation of active Si from current collector, which ultimately deteriorates the battery performance. Therefore, the cycle‐life of active Si material should be improved to apply it to secondary batteries. In this study, we attempted to improve the performance of Si film electrode by fabricating it with sawtooth and pyramidal patterns via the microelectromechanical systems process. In addition, the effect of Si electrode morphology on its charge/discharge behavior was investigated. The capacity changes of the electrodes during 50 cycles were measured. The remaining Si on the current collector and its surface morphology were observed afterward to correlate with the electrochemical behavior. The experimental results show that the pyramidal Si electrode exhibited better cycle retention than any other electrodes by relaxing the stress and mitigating the exfoliation. This study shows that the structural modification may benefit the cycle‐life of Si film electrode.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in degenerative sutureless perceval aortic bioprosthesis
Authors: Landes Uri , Sagie Alexander , Kornowski Ran
Published: October 2016

Sutureless aortic bioprostheses (SAB) are increasingly being used to provide shorter cross‐clamp time. Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV‐A) is shown to be effective and safe in the vast majority of patients with degenerated bioprosthetics, yet its' use in SAB failure is infrequent. We present a case of balloon‐expandable VIV‐A in an 80‐year‐old woman who suffered severe symptomatic aortic regurgitation in a failed Perceval S 21‐mm valve. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a deformed valve. Our heart team favored a percutaneous VIV‐A over reoperation due to the patients' high surgical risk. An Edwards‐Sapien XT 23 mm was successfully deployed with excellent results. The patient remained asymptomatic following 6 months. As other bioprosthesis, some sutureless valves are condemned to structural valve degeneration. Because VIV‐A is being established for managing degenerative bioprosthesis in high risk patients, it is cardinal to identify its role in novel degenerative sutureless valves. SAB were introduced to the clinical market only 5–7 years ago. The absence of sutures may theoretically impose risk for valve instability when adding a transcatheter sutureless valve inside the first one. Our successful experience was very reassuring. We report its feasibility because we believe it should provide support for further investigation on VIV‐A within novel SAV. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mechanism for stroke complicating thrombus aspiration
Authors: Brown Eddie D. , Blankenship James C.
Published: October 2016

We propose a mechanism of how stroke may be caused by thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), and how it may be technique‐dependent.

Two recent meta‐analyses report increased risk of stroke in patients undergoing routine thrombus aspiration during STEMI and the value of this technique has been controversial. The mechanism of stroke has not been fully explained.

This case demonstrates 2 mechanisms by which aspiration might cause thrombus embolization.

We recommend that if thrombus aspiration is performed during PPCI for STEMI, it should be done selectively and carefully. It is prudent to make sure the guide catheter tip is not free in the aorta when the aspiration catheter is withdrawn, to maintain suction on the aspiration catheter as it is withdrawn (particularly if the aspiration port seems to be obstructed), and to aspirate the guide catheter after the aspiration catheter is removed to capture any fragments of thrombus that remain in the guide catheter. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergies from Direct Coupling of Biomass‐to‐Liquid and Power‐to‐Liquid Plants
Authors: Schulzke Tim
Published: October 2016

Conversion of biomass into energy carriers or chemical building blocks generally is hydrogen‐deficient. With green hydrogen produced from surplus renewable electricity via electrolysis, CO2 can be converted to supplementary biomethanol. The benefit of the proposed integration of biomass‐to‐liquid (BtL) and power‐to‐liquid (PtL) technologies comes from the reduced flexibility requirements and avoided heat losses for the methanol reactor compared to a stand‐alone PtL plant and a much higher carbon ratio of original biomass converted into the desired product. During full‐load operation of the electrolyzer, the methanol yield can be more than doubled. The typical size of such an installation will lie in the range of 100 MW electrical power, providing a relevant capacity of controlling power for the stabilization of the electrical transmission grid instead of supplying controlling power for the distribution grid of today's power‐to‐gas (PtG) demonstration plants.
Comparative analysis of morphological and molecular motifs in bronchiolitis obliterans and alveolar fibroelastosis after lung and stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jonigk Danny , Rath Berenice , Borchert Paul , Braubach Peter , Maegel Lavinia , Izykowski Nicole , Warnecke Gregor , Sommer Wiebke , Kreipe Hans , Blach Robert , Anklamm Adrian , Haverich Axel , Eder Matthias , Stadler Michael , Welte Tobias , Gottlieb Jens , Kuehnel Mark , Laenger Florian
Published: October 2016

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the major obstacle to long‐term survival following lung transplantation (LuTx). Morphologically CLAD is defined by obliterative remodelling of the small airways (bronchiolitis obliterans, BO) as well as a more recently described collagenous obliteration of alveoli with elastosis summarised as alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE). Both patterns are not restricted to pulmonary allografts, but have also been reported following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and radio chemotherapy (RC). In this study we performed compartment‐specific morphological and molecular analysis of BO and AFE lesions in human CLAD (n = 22), HSCT (n = 29) and RC (n = 6) lung explants, utilising conventional histopathology, laser‐microdissection, PCR techniques and immunohistochemistry to assess fibrosis‐associated gene and protein expression. Three key results emerged from our analysis of fibrosis‐associated genes: (i) generally speaking, “BO is BO”. Despite the varying clinical backgrounds, the molecular characteristics of BO lesions were found to be alike in all groups. (ii) “AFE is AFE”. In all groups of patients suffering from restrictive changes to lung physiology due to AFE there were largely – but not absolutely ‐ identical gene expression patterns. iii) BO concomitant to AFE after LuTx is characterised by an AFE‐like molecular microenvironment, representing the only exception to (i). Additionally, we describe an evolutionary model for the AFE pattern: a non‐specific fibrin‐rich reaction to injury pattern triggers a misguided resolution attempt and eventual progression towards manifest AFE. Our data point towards an absence of classical fibrinolytic enzymes and an alternative fibrin degrading mechanism via macrophages, resulting in fibrous remodelling and restrictive functional changes. These data may serve as diagnostic adjuncts and help to predict the clinical course of respiratory dysfunction in LuTx and HSCT patients. Moreover, analysis of the mechanism of fibrinolysis and fibrogenesis may unveil potential therapeutic targets to alter the course of the eventually fatal lung remodelling.
Can Soil pH Be Used to Help Explain Soil Organic Carbon Stocks?
Authors: Liao Kaihua , Wu Shaohua , Zhu Qing
Published: October 2016

Topsoil (0–20 cm) data of 25 997 sites were analyzed across five land uses in the Jiangsu Province of China. The results showed that the residential/industrial land stored the highest amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) among all the land uses. The polynomial model can best describe the relationship between SOC density (SOCD) and pH, showing that SOCD increases over the pH range of 4.2–6.5, decreasing sharply in the range of 6.5–9.2. The reason may be that microbial activity tends to be maximal at intermediate soil pH levels (pH 6–7). The relationship between SOCD and pH was found to vary substantially with the land use. Soil pH can explain 4.3–63.8% of the variation in SOCD for all land uses, suggesting that this variable should be introduced in SOC models to better predict SOC stock changes in the future.
Improvements in hepatitis B virus screening before rituximab therapy: A community‐based, safety‐net hospital experience
Authors: Junus Kevin , Aguilar Maria , Patel Priya , Irwin David , Yee Stephen , Liu Benny , Bhuket Taft , Wong Robert J.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or previously resolved HBV are at increased risk of HBV exacerbation or reactivation when they receive treatment with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies (against B‐lymphocyte antigen cluster of differentiation 20 [CD20], an activated‐glycosylated phosphoprotein) like rituximab (RTX). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the rates of appropriate HBV screening before patients started receiving RTX, at the initiation of HBV treatment, and during HBV flares among an underserved safety‐net population.

METHODS

In total, 244 consecutive adults who received treatment with RTX from 2006 to 2015 at an urban safety‐net hospital were evaluated to determine appropriate HBV screening (HBV surface antigen [HBsAg] and HBV total core antibody [HBcAb]) before starting RTX. The initiation of prophylactic antiviral therapy and the development of HBV flares after starting RTX were evaluated. Predictors of appropriate HBV screening were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Most patients were women (52.7%; n = 128) and of Hispanic ethnicity (30.7%; n = 74). Before starting RTX, 60.5% (n = 147) of patients received appropriate HBV screening. The HBV screening rates before RTX improved from 14.7% (2006‐2009) to 74.7% (2010‐2012), and to 87.1% (2013‐2015; P < .01. Two of 7 (28.6%) HBsAg‐positive patients who did not receive antiviral therapy experienced HBV flares and 1 died, and 2 of 27 patients (7.4%) HBcAb‐positive/HBsAg‐negative patients who did not receive antiviral therapy experienced HBV reactivation. No patient‐specific or disease‐specific predictors of receiving HBV screening before RTX therapy were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Among adults receiving RTX therapy in a single community‐based hospital system, HBV screening rates were suboptimal, and 28.6% of HBsAg‐positive patients and 7.4% of HBsAg‐negative/HBcAb‐positive patients who did not receive antiviral treatment experienced HBV reactivation or flare. Cancer 2017;123:650–656. © 2016 American Cancer Society.