bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВОЗРАСТНОЙ КАТАРАКТЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Authors: А.А. Ахраров , Н.Р Янгиева , Д.М. Туйчибаева
Published: June 2024

Аннотация. Катаракта (частичное или полное нарушение прозрачности хрусталика) является одной из основных причин слабовидения и обратимой слепоты в мире. Данный обзор литературы посвящен исследованиям, рассматривающим важные аспекты хирургического лечения возрастной катаракты, такие как количество и качество выполненных операций в масштабах популяции. В работе приведены данные о влиянии глобальных тенденций, локальных территориальных и социальных особенностей на количество хирургических вмешательств по поводу катаракты. Проведен обзор ключевых показателей мониторинга хирургического лечения катаракты, приведены основные факторы, влияющие на целевые показатели частоты хирургии катаракты в региональном масштабе (возрастная структура населения, нормативные показания к хирургическому лечению, пороговые значения остроты зрения, указывающие на необходимость хирургического вмешательства, и доля лиц, нуждающихся в оперативном лечении катаракты). Отмечено, что низкое зрение после хирургии катаракты чаще всего ассоциировано с пожилым возрастом пациента, сопутствующей системной и глазной патологией, хирургическими осложнениями, неадекватной интраокулярной коррекцией.
Changing Socio-Spatial Identities. The case of the Asia Minor Refugee Urban Settlements in the Greater Athens-Piraeus Region in Greece
Authors: Tousi Evgenia
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the main findings of a research conducted in the metropolitan region of the capital of Greece, focusing on the Asia Minor post-refugee urban neighborhoods. The research took place in 2009-2014, with parts of it updated during 2016-2019 and 2020-2023. The main findings of the research outline the issue of changing socio-spatial identity, emphasizing on the socio-economic discrepancies in the housing sector, as met within the urban refugee settlements. The paper explores the contemporary physiognomy of the post-refugee Attica that faces dereliction and demolitions of the old refugee houses. To explain the significance of these settlements, the paper combines literature review and field work. Field work includes original cartographic depiction, quantitative and qualitative methods. The aim of the paper is to provide findings on the contemporary situation of the urban refugee settlements of Attica, describing representative cases within the spectrum of urban socio-spatial identity transformation.
Determining Moisture Content of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Authors: Birkeland Inger Merete , Andenæs Erlend , Gullbrekken Lars , Kvande Tore
Published: June 2024

Wooden load-bearing structures are becoming more common as an eco-friendly alternative to steel and concrete in large buildings. In these buildings, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is increasingly used in structural building elements, particularly in the flanges of wooden I-beams. However, as for all products made from wood, proper moisture control is important to ensure the long-term integrity of the elements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moisture properties of LVL and the correlation between moisture sensor readings and the actual moisture content determined from accurate weighing of the samples. Laboratory measurements were made of two different wooden materials using 20 identical sensors. The test was conducted on samples of LVL flanges delivered by the Norwegian wood production company Hunton, and on samples of pine lumber. The moisture sensors were delivered by Omnisense. For the LVL samples, the test results show that the resistance values given by the resistance method were too high compared to the more accurate gravimetric method. Conversely, the measured values were too low for the pine samples. LVL also had a faster moisture sorption than pine under the same moisture conditions. The glue between the veneer layers affects the electric conductivity of the wood in LVL and interrupts the readings. The glue might also affect the moisture sorption.
Rechtsprechungsübersicht Strafrecht 2–2024
Authors: Babucke Lea
Published: June 2024

Für diese Rechtsprechungsübersicht wurden die vom 10.12.2023 bis zum 30.03.2024 veröffentlichten, rechtspsychologisch relevanten Entscheidungen der Gerichte in Strafsachen gesichtet. Zur Konkretisierung werden über die Leitsätze hinaus auch ausgewählte Auszüge aus den Gründen der Entscheidungen aufgeführt. Falls erforderlich werden auch kurze Angaben zum betreffenden Sachverhalt gemacht. Anmerkungen, die der besseren Verständlichkeit dienen, werden in [...] gesetzt. Für jede Entscheidung wird eine Quelle angegeben, über die der Volltext recherchierbar ist. Leitsätze, die von der Autorin der Rechtsprechungsübersicht aus den Entscheidungen abgeleitet und formuliert wurden, sind mit (Leits. d. Red.) gekennzeichnet.
Tanz als soziales Handeln
Authors: Pilchowski Anna
Published: June 2024

More and more people between the ages of 30 and 64 are experiencing an increasing workload. Middle adulthood is also characterised by a multitude of social expectations and roles, which can limit the spectrum of self-determination and build up pressure of expectations. Engaging with one's own body, psyche and social environment through dance can help to find and promote access to oneself and one's environment. In her empirical study, Anna Pilchowski uses interviews to demonstrate the effect of dance movement sequences on the self-concept and shows that the experiences gained in dance can be applied to everyday life.
Geodynamics and Ore Content of Proterozoic Maphites in the Central Part of the Aldan-Stanovoy Shield (Southern North Asian Craton)
Authors: Kravchenko A. A. , Okrugin A. V. , Beryozkin V. I. , Popov N. V. , Loskutov E. E.
Published: June 2024

The study of diverse mantle-derived igneous complexes is important for interpreting geodynamic events, ore deposits formation mechanisms, and ore-forming fluid sources. Modern studies of orogenic gold deposits in the Precambrian metamorphosed terranes emphasize the importance of subduction-enriched lithospheric mantle in the ore formation processes. Orogenic gold mineralization in the Nimnyr terrane of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield is confined to the outcrops of mafic granulites from the Medvedev complex, intruded and metamorphosed 1.92–1.90 Ga ago at the final stage of the collision process. The Medvedev complex and ore bodies are intersected by non-metamorphosed dolerites of the 1.87 Ga Timpton-Gynym and 1.75 Ga Timpton-Algamai dike belts formed under conditions of post-collisional and intracontinental extension. The mantle-derived igneous complexes, presenting in a variety of geodynamic settings and ore mineral formation stages, make it possible to identify compositional and evolutionary features of the mantle in connection with ore formation processes. To do this, there were determined rock-forming oxide and trace element concentrations in pre-ore mafic granulites of the Medvedev complex and post-ore dolerites. Based on the geochemical data, there was a reconstruction of rock and mantle source type formation conditions. It was found that the rocks of the Medvedev complex are plume-derived. Doleritic melt formation was contributed to by the subduction-enriched lithospheric mantle material. There is a possility of different degrees of source melting and interaction of plume with the enriched lithospheric mantle at the final stage of the collision process. The obtained results can be used to refine the geodynamic models of gold mineralization formation in the central part of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield. There has been proposed one of the standard models.
The Shalap Mélange of the Salairian Alambay Ophiolite Zone (Northwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt), Geological Structure and Compositional Features of Amphibolites and Greenstone Basalts
Authors: Zhimulev F. I. , Kotlyarov A. V. , Travin A. V. , Fidler M. A. , Khuurak A. A.
Published: June 2024

The Alambay ophiolite zone (AOZ) is located in the axial part of the Early Paleozoic Salair orogen and includes the northern extension of the Alambay-Kaim zone, Salair and Altai Mountains. The Shalap area of the AOZ is predominantly composed of clastic mélange with occasional serpentine mélange. The geological and geochemical studies showed that in the Shalap mélange there are basalt blocks of the Alambay formation whose petrogeochemical features are similar to those of the oceanic island basalts (OIB). Metamorphic rocks of the Angurep complex, represented by garnet and non-garnet amphibolites, form a tectonic slab which is a part of the accretionary complex east of the Shalap mélange area. Metamorphic rocks also form blocks in the Shalap mélange. The amphibolites of the Angurep complex are similar in their petrogeochemical features to the basalts of intraoceanic island arcs. The Shalap mélange is a fragment of the Salairian Cambrian paleosubduction zone. The subduction and exhumation processes in this paleosubduction zone terminated by the 500 Ma time stage.
On the Nature of the Kharamatolou Structure and the Ratio of the Amount of Ultramafic Rocks of the Voykar-Synya Massif to That of the Ray-Iz Massif, Polar Urals
Authors: Ivanov K. S. , Vakhrusheva N. V. , Shiryaev P. B. , Drill S. I. , Stepanov A. E.
Published: June 2024

There have been petrographic, geochemical, geochronological (Rb-Sr, Ar-Ar) and isotopic (Sm-Nd) studies done on the metamorphic formations of the Kharamatolou structure of the Polar Urals, which were usually assigned to the Precambrian. The temperatures of metamorphism have been shown to range from 450 to 626 °C, and the pressures – from 3.7–9.1 kbar once PT-conditions reached the amphibolite facies. The amphibolites of the Kharamatolou formation are geochemically divided into two groups. According to the distribution spectra of lanthanides and Nd isotope composition, one group has the characteristics similar to depleted N-MORB basalts εNd(0)=+7.0, and another group – those similar to moderately enriched E-MORB basalts εNd(0)=+(4.5–2.4). It has been found that the Kharamatolou structure is probably composed of the Early to Middle Paleozoic continental rise deposit of the Russian Platform, which passed the main stage of folding and metamorphism in the Late Devonian (Rb-Sr, 366±11 Ma). The gabbro-ultrabasic Ray-Iz and Voykar-Synya massifs have been shown to be one during most of their Pre-Triassic history. Now these ultrabasite massifs are separated by the young (Triassic) Kharamatolou uplift which is an erosive-tectonic semi-window where ultrabasic rocks of the Polar-Ural belt are exposed at the base of the thrust fault. The Kharamatolou structure is one of the transverse uplifts of the Urals which probably resulted from the Middle to Late Triassic compression therealong. As a result of the Middle to Late Triassic uplift of the Haramatolou metamorphites, the overlying ultrabasites were washed away by erosion. The mélange serpentinites observed in the center of the Kharamatolou structure are uneroded remnants of the link that once existed between the Ray-Iz and Voikar-Synya massifs. This significantly increases the metallogenic potential of the Voikar-Synya massif, as the Ray-Iz hosts the largest known chromite deposits in Russia.
T-t Evolution of the Early Proterozoic Rocks in the Northern Ladoga Region from the Data on U-Pb, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Systems in Minerals
Authors: Baltybaev Sh. K. , Savatenkov V. M. , Petrakova M. E.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the results of a study of isotopic systems in minerals and rocks in southern margin of the epi-Archean Karelian craton in the zone of its junction with the Svecofennian mobile belt. U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr mineral ages of metamorphic rocks allowed reconstructing a T-t trend during ~1.88–1.61 Ga, which reflects a wide-ranging cooling history of metamorphic rocks from the peak values of about 650–700 °C at 1.88–1.79 Ga (U-Pb age of monazites and apparent oldest Sm-Nd age of amphiboles) to 300–400 °C at 1.61 Ga (model Rb-Sr age of biotites) in zones of low- and medium-temperature metamorphism. The specificity of removal of deep-seated rocks to the present-day erosion surface and the reconstructed T-t trend comply with the development of thrust-nappe structures during the exhumation of the Svecofennids. It is also assumed that differential vertical block movements played a significant role during the post-orogenic extensional collapse and neorifting.
GNSS-Based Modeling and Study of Postseismic Crustal Movement of the May 24, 2013, MW 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk Deep-Focus Earthquake
Authors: Shestakov N. V. , Nechaev G. V. , Titkov N. N. , Chebrov D. V. , Pupatenko V. V. , Prytkov А. S. , Nagorny K. A.
Published: June 2024

The mechanisms of preparation and occurrence of the strongest deep-focus earthquakes with MW≥8, as well as their surface manifestations, remain insufficiently studied because of the lack of the relevant data. There are but three seismic events of this kind which have so far been instrumentally recorded. This paper describes the identification and analysis of the changes in the characteristics of modern crustal movement of the 2013, MW 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk deep-focus earthquake based on the data from long-term continuous geodetic-class GNSS stations in the Sea of Okhotsk region on the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Sakhalin Island, and the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. There has been found temporal stability of variations in the average annual geodetic site velocities. The coordinates of GNSS-stations do not show non-linear changes typical of strong shallow earthquakes in the initial post-seismic period. The Maxwell rheology for modeling of viscoelastic relaxation of the asthenosphere/upper mantle as a result of seismic impact allows for a first approximation to qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce the displacement patterns of GNSS-sites of the Kamchatka Peninsula observed in the initial postseismic period (2–3 years after the mainshock). After that, the model estimates of postseismic movements of the peninsula become systematically lower than the observed. The values calculated for the OKHT station motion on the western coast of the Sea of Okhotsk are in good agreement with those recorded for postseismic displacements over the entire measurement interval. The observed directions of the Sakhalin Island postseismic movements systematically deviate to the northeast from the model directions and are oriented almost orthogonally to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Besides the viscoelastic relaxation process, another possible reason for this issue could be an enhanced viscous friction in the bottom of the subducting Pacific plate, leading to the intense deformation of the Sakhalin Island and the western coast of Kamchatka.
Kinematic Analysis of the Nain and Darrech Deh Faults and Their Structural Position in the Western Side of the Central Iranian Range
Authors: Beygi S. , Ilalova R. K. , Talovina I. V. , Schekoldin R. A.
Published: June 2024

The western margin of Central Iran – the Nain area – is composed of the Mesozoic ophiolitic mélanges deposited during the Late Cretaceous. The Nain and Darrech Deh faults whose trace indicators can be seen in the study area are among the largest faults therein. These faults have a north-northwest strike and are the right-lateral transpressional active lineaments. The main aim of this research is to perform structural mapping and geometric analysis of structural features along the Nain and Darrech Deh fault system. The research was conducted using satellite imagery and field data. The structural analysis showed that the faults comprise a complex network which formed during two stages: 1) thrust faulting in the Late Cretaceous and 2) reactivation of thrust faults in the form of the right-lateral reverse-slip structures as a result of transpressional movements in the Upper Miocene. The Nain and Darrech Deh faults are presently active and exhibit the right-lateral strike slip displacement with a reverse component.
Predicting Treatment Plan Adherence Based on Mindfulness and Self-efficacy Beliefs in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Shokrgozar Alireza , Ghadirian Niyari Masoumeh
Published: June 2024

: The present research aimed to predict treatment plan adherence based on mindfulness and self-efficacy beliefs in patients with chronic pain. This cross-sectional and correlational study focused on all patients with chronic pain who visited Shahid Rajaei and Shahid Madani Hospitals in Karaj during the last six months of 2022. A total of 150 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected through the Demographic Information Checklist, Mindfulness Questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), and Treatment Plan Adherence Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient tests, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 26. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between mindfulness (r = 0.642, P < 0.012) and self-efficacy beliefs (r = 0.669, P < 0.010) with treatment plan adherence. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that the predictive variables together explained 31% of the variance in treatment plan adherence scores in patients with chronic pain (P < 0.05). Therefore, timely and appropriate interventions and education that enhance self-efficacy beliefs and mindfulness in patients with chronic pain can improve treatment plan adherence.
ANALISIS SWOT DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BERKELANJUTAN UNTUK UMKM DI DESA WISATA SAUNG CIBURIAL
Authors: Dwi Santy Raeni , Abdul Gani Salman , Riansyah Alan , Bagja Sudrajat Lutfi
Published: June 2024

Desa Wisata Saung Ciburial memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), namun menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan dan daya saingnya. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman (SWOT) yang dihadapi UMKM di Desa Wisata Saung Ciburial serta merumuskan strategi pengembangan berkelanjutan yang efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi survei, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis data sekunder untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi UMKM. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa UMKM di Desa Wisata Saung Ciburial memiliki kekuatan seperti produk lokal yang unik dan dukungan komunitas yang kuat, namun juga menghadapi kelemahan berupa keterbatasan akses ke teknologi dan modal. Peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan meliputi meningkatnya minat wisatawan terhadap produk lokal dan dukungan pemerintah untuk pengembangan pariwisata.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Authors: Singh Akansha , Soni Priyadarshini , Singh Neeru , Hamid Kulsoom
Published: June 2024

The discipline of pharmacology that is referred to as pharmacodynamics studies how medications interact with the body at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels to create their effects. It involves studies of post-receptor effects, chemical interactions, and the correlation between response and dosage in pharmaceuticals. Pharmacodynamics studies these mechanisms in an effort to clarify the intricate processes by which medications produce their beneficial or harmful effects. Drug-receptor binding, in which pharmaceuticals attach to particular cell receptors to start a series of biochemical reactions that eventually result in a pharmacological response, is one of the fundamental ideas of pharmacodynamics. The number of accessible receptors, the sensitivity of the receptor, and the drug's affinity for its receptor are some of the important factors that affect how strong and long-lasting the effects of the drug are. Pharmacodynamics must be understood in order to maximize therapeutic benefit and reduce side effects. It sheds light on how individual differences in traits like age, illness status, and heredity might affect how a medicine reacts to an individual. Additionally, by locating possible treatment targets and forecasting their effects, pharmacodynamics aids in the creation of novel pharmaceuticals. Researchers can investigate new drug-receptor interactions, create more accurate dosage schedules, and customize medication regimens to the unique needs of each patient by studying pharmacodynamics. Ultimately, developing pharmacotherapy and enhancing patient outcomes across a range of medical illnesses depend heavily on a thorough grasp of pharmacodynamics
NAVIGATING THE HORIZON: EXPLORING FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Salla Dr. Sumithra , Kambhampati Jyothika Meenakshi , Surabhhi Divyamshu , Sudheshna Chaitra Gali Chunduru Sai Hari Hara , Mandal Sanjeeb Kumar
Published: June 2024

The pharmaceutical sector has seen tremendous improvements in medication delivery technologies in recent years. These cutting-edge innovations, which range from tailored medicines to nanotechnology-based solutions, are transforming pharmaceutical administration and improving its efficacy. This chapter explores how innovations in personalized medicine, nanotechnology, and novel medication delivery methods are altering the precise treatment of disease. The emphasis is made on how innovation and focused interventions are reshaping the healthcare scene and creating a bright future. From ancient herbal medicines to contemporary drug development procedures, the story develops with the advancement of pharmaceutical science. The complexity of diseases, the rising cost of medication research, and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies like AI-driven drug design, 3D printing, and nanotechnology are some of the elements driving this progression. Additionally, it examines how regulatory actions, rising technology, and the Industry 4.0 revolution have affected pharmaceutical modernization efforts. Biopharmaceuticals, mRNA vaccines, 3D printing, nanotechnology, AI-driven drug development, and smart drug delivery systems are among the upcoming trends that are being investigated. This thorough viewpoint offers insights into the changing pharmaceutical industry, as well as the opportunities and difficulties it poses. The present chapter explores pharmaceutical trends: evolving technology, advanced drug delivery, biopharmaceuticals, 3D printing, nanotechnology, AI in drug discovery, and smart delivery systems, providing insights into the future landscape and challenges
APPLICATIONS OF 3D PRINTING IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Gupta Sahil , Garg Vaibhav , Sharma Smriti
Published: June 2024

Patient-specific dosing, individualized therapy, and complicated chemical formulations may be difficult to create using traditional drug manufacturing methods. By allowing for fine-grained manipulation of medication composition, dose forms, and release patterns, 3D printing provides a fresh way to overcoming these obstacles. Customized drugs made via 3D printing for TB patients may increase treatment success, lessen adverse effects, and boost compliance. Key benefits of 3D printing in tuberculosis medication development include the ability to make multi-layered structures, combine numerous APIs into a single dosage form, and control the rate at which drugs are released. In addition, complicated geometries may be manufactured using this technique, which may increase medication absorption and facilitate the targeting of particular infection sites. These developments may be revolutionary in the treatment of TB by giving doctors a way to tailor treatments to individual patients and the specifics of their condition. If 3D-printed TB medications are to be widely used, however, they must overcome obstacles including regulatory clearance, quality control, and scalability. This chapter highlights recent developments in 3D printing technology for drug development, discusses potential benefits in tuberculosis treatment, and stresses the need for collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies to realize the full potential of this novel approach. As this area of study develops, 3D printing has great potential to revolutionize TB treatment practices and drastically affect health outcomes on a worldwide scale
APPROACHES USING AI AND MACHINE LEARNING IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Aravanan Dr. P.
Published: June 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into medicinal chemistry has catalyzed transformative advancements in the research and development of pharmaceuticals. This chapter provides a summary of the various applications of AI and ML techniques in the field of medicinal chemistry. These methodologies encompass virtual screening, molecular property prediction, de novo drug design, target identification, and drug-drug interaction prediction. Through the analysis of vast datasets and the extraction of patterns, AI and ML techniques expedite the identification of potential drug candidates, enhance molecular property prediction accuracy, and facilitate the rational design of novel molecules. Moreover, these approaches aid in target identification, validation, and the anticipation of drug interactions, thus accelerating the drug discovery process. Despite difficulties with data quality, interpretability, and ethical considerations persist, the convergence of AI and ML with medicinal chemistry presents a promising trajectory for reshaping the landscape of pharmaceutical research and innovation
AN OVERVIEW OF ROBOTICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Garg Vaibhav , Gupta Sahil , Sharma Smriti
Published: June 2024

In recent times, significant advancements in robotics across various domains have brought about a transformative impact on numerous industries, presenting fresh avenues to tackle intricate challenges. Notably, the integration of robots within the healthcare sector, particularly in the battle against contagious diseases, stands out as a vital focal point.(1) Tuberculosis (TB), a contagious respiratory ailment caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to afflict millions annually. Despite modern medical progress, the intricate nature of TB and the looming threat of drug resistance contribute to the persistent complexity of its diagnosis and treatment.(2) This study seeks to assess the current landscape of robotics in relation to TB, with a primary emphasis on its potential to enhance both disease detection and treatment. The collaborative efforts of researchers and medical practitioners aim to amplify the effectiveness of TB identification and therapy by leveraging robotic technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). Consequently, this paper will delve into cutting-edge robotic innovations and AI-powered solutions for TB diagnosis. Furthermore, it will delve into the potential of robotic systems for dispensing medication and other forms of robotic support to healthcare providers, exploring their capacity to elevate patient care standards. Furthermore, the study will explore the challenges and limitations associated with employing robots in the realm of TB care. Factors such as the necessity for specialized training among healthcare personnel, ethical considerations, financial implications, and regulatory obstacles all represent potential aspects to be addressed. The intention behind this research is to offer insights into the potential benefits, constraints, and prospects for integrating robots into TB healthcare protocols. This will be accomplished through an in-depth analysis of the current state of robotics within the context of tuberculosis. The ultimate objectives of our investigation encompass enhanced patient outcomes and a reduced global burden of TB. Through this study, we aim to foster a deeper comprehension of the role of robots in the domain of infectious disease management, thus catalyzing future innovations in this field
HYBRID IMAGING: A NEW FRONTIER IN MEDICINE
Authors: Das Poppy , K Hemalatha.
Published: June 2024

Medical imaging facilitates the visualization of the internal organs and tissues in the human body. It helps to monitor the anatomy, morphology, and physiology of the body, and diagnose any abnormalities. There are several imaging techniques which are being used for many decades such as ultrasonography, X-ray, positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These imaging techniques offer a wide range of application ranging from diagnosis of cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disorders, bone defects, gastrointestinal disorders, planning of radiation therapy for cancer, monitoring treatment progress and many others. However, these techniques have certain limitations which has led to the fusion of multiple imaging modalities. These hybrid imaging techniques provide better reliability, high resolution images, and detailed information while ensuring safety, specificity, and sensitivity. This chapter provides information on some of the hybrid imaging techniques used in modern medicine.
NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXTRACTING AND ANALYZING BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM FRUIT WASTE
Authors: Shanmugavelu Vimal Kumar , Subramanian Sruthi Harihara Jaya , Mahesh Agasa Ramu
Published: June 2024

Fruit waste is a treasure trove of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and a diverse array of phytochemicals, including pigments. Beyond its environmental implications, harnessing the value of fruit waste presents promising economic opportunities, paving the way for innovative food products and ingredients that contribute to a circular economy. Organic phenolic compounds, in particular, have garnered significant attention in various industries, serving not only as nutritional supplements and functional foods but also as sustainable commodities. While numerous methods for extracting phenolic compounds from fruit waste exist, many rely on organic solvents, which can raise ecological concerns. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable extraction techniques that yield phenolic-rich extracts with minimal environmental impact. The adoption of these innovative "green" extraction methods not only addresses the global fruit waste crisis but also converts fruit residue into valuable bio-based materials. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the most promising and inventive methods for isolating bioactive substances from fruit waste. Our focus is on environmentally friendly technologies, including bioreactors, enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and their combinations, which offer sustainable solutions for both industry and the environment
ANTI-DIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF WHOLE PLANT OF ANNONA SQUMOSA
Authors: Hemamalini Dr. K. , Palle Dr. Sadanandam , Pavithra A. , Pallavi P. , Navadeep Mr. , Harshavardan E.
Published: June 2024

The plant Annona squamosa belong to Annonaceae family was taken for the study. The methanolic extract of the whole plant extract was extracted and by continuous hot percolation process and the Phytochemical test was evaluated and then the extract was taken for the Antidiarrheal study with 400mg /kg as a dose after literature study and a trial for LD50 and Antidiarrheal activity was carried over by using castor oil induced diarrhea model which was compared with that of the standard loperamide with 5mg/kg body weight as dose. A significant decrease in the diarrhea was monitored and the same was compared with that of the standard drug loperamide. Finally the percentage protection was calculated and the results were found that the methanolic extract of Annona squamosa showed Antidiarrheal effect by reducing the stool weight.
AN OVERVIEW OF FUTURE PROSPECTIVE IN PRODRUGS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Swathi N L , Sirisha P , S Preethi , Devadarshini M , Neelima Grandhe , Rajasekhar Sreerama
Published: June 2024

Prodrugs, which are chemically altered substances that go through biotransformation to release the active ingredient, offer better medication stability and specialised delivery. Prodrug creation has had a major influence on contemporary drug discovery throughout history, from the isolation of active molecules during the Scientific Revolution through the use of traditional herbal treatments. Structure-activity correlations, optimization approaches, and design principles all take strategic changes into account. Enzymatic, pharmacological, and pH-dependent activation mechanisms allow for controlled drug release and therapeutic activity at a specific spot. Prodrug carriers and nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to transport drugs to particular areas of the body, opening the door to personalised medicine and disease-specific therapies. Successful case studies highlight transformational medicines for a range of disorders despite obstacles in toxicity, bioavailability, and stability. Through clinical trials, regulatory inspection, and post-marketing monitoring, the clinical development process is rigorously evaluated. Looking ahead, prodrug uses in gene therapy and biologics, tailored therapeutics, and developing trends provide interesting opportunities for pharmacological interventions. Prodrugs' full potential will be unlocked through embracing innovation and solving problems, transforming medication delivery and patient care.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATION OF 4-[(2, 4- DICHLORO PHENYL) AMINO] 2- METHYLIDENE 4-OXOBUTANOIC ACID BY DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY
Authors: Mahalakshmi G. , Vanasundari K. , Balachandran V.
Published: June 2024

4-[(2, 4- dichloro phenyl) amino] 2-methylidene 4-oxobutanoic acid (DPAB) is a promising antiviral agent. An unified computational strategy merging molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics methods was utilised in the current investigation for explaining the intricate relationship between DPAB and its inhibitors at the atomic level. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy have been utilised to look into the spectroscopic characteristics of 4-[(2, 4- dichloro phenyl) amino] 2-methylidene 4-oxobutanoic acid molecule. In the solid phase, FT-IR (4000-400 cm-1) and FT-Raman (3500-10 cm-1) spectra were noticed. DFT (B3LYP) using 6311++G(d, p) and 6311+G(d, p) basis set computations yielded the molecule's structural and spectroscopic data. The molecule's structure was properly optimised, based on the potential energy distribution (PED) of the vibrational modes, spectra were calculated, and fundamental vibrations were given
AN ASSESSMENT OF SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL STUDY USING SQUARE ARRAY AND MAGNETO TELLURIC METHOD IN THAMIRABARANI RIVER BASIN, THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, SOUTHERN INDIA
Authors: S Richard Abishek , A Antony Ravindran , S Muthusamy , J Mohamed Afzal , GM Moorthy
Published: June 2024

A comprehensive study focuses on surface water in the Thamirabarani river channel, Thoothukudi district. In this section of the Thamirabarani river channel into the Bay of Bengal, coastal terrace sediments, black soil, red sandy soil, and river alluvium completely fill the studied region. This area includes the meta-sedimentary formation quartzite, weathered gneissic, granitic intrusion, and charnockite. A square array and the magneto-telluric method were used in the area to analyze the river basin surface and subsurface. Decision-makers can better plan for the management and maintenance of water resources if they have a clear understanding of the geographic areas of high water quality. The fractured quartzite has an ohm.m value of 0.15-0.18 and charnockite has an ohm.m value of 0.02-0.32. The water bearing zone is clearly mapped in the Magneto telluric profile at 50m depth. The investigation took place in regions where thick alluvium has been present in the geological record. According to the data, groundwater lowers the resistivity value, and silt lowers the resistivity value even more than groundwater. Groundwater reservoirs are found in saturated sand, saturated sandy clay, and saturated silt, clay, and sand
GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION USING GEOPHYSICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD IN SIRUVADI VILLAGE, VILLUPURAM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: V Gopal , R Ashok Kumar , R Deepika , R Anshu , R.R Krishnamurthy , Batvari Prabhu Dass
Published: June 2024

Groundwater exploration in a section of Siruvadi Village, Tamil Nadu, utilized the VES method with Schlumberger electrode configuration, proving the efficacy of the Electrical Resistivity method in identifying subsurface structures. Interpretation of VES data revealed two, three, and four layers, with A and H type curves dominating, providing insights into layer number, thickness, and water-bearing capacity. Schlumberger-based VES identified water-bearing zones at 50m, 70m, 40m, 60m, 80m, and 73m depths, with the VES at 80m (VES POINT 5) suggested as a high-yielding well bore point. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of subsurface characteristics and informs groundwater resource management decisions in the region
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL NUCLEAR POTENTIAL
Authors: Jena Kamala Kanta , Sahu Bidhubhusan , Agarwalla Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2024

We have constructed an optical potential by considering a family of potentials developed by J. N. Ginocchio. This phenomenological potential is used for analysing experimental data of nuclear scattering and fusion. The potential enables us to reproduce angular distributions of experimental scattering cross-sections in wide angular ranges. Our proposed nuclear potential deals in ten parameters. The study of change in potential shape with variation of parameters educates us to theoretically reproduce experimental results and explain scattering cross-sections and fusion cross-sections of heavy-ion collision systems
PETROLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT ROCKS EXPOSED PART OF THE SOUTHERN GRANULITE TERRAIN, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: Mageswari G. , Lekshmi Chinchu , Kogila G. , Maniyarasan S. , Krishnamurthy R. R.
Published: June 2024

The Mafic–Ultramafic Complex (SMUC) in Salem District is significant in the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), India. It is located in the northern part of the Cauvery Suture Zone (CSZ), is also known as the Chalk Hills of Salem. This study is an attempt to review the petrographic characteristics of the mafic- ultramafic rocks which covers the SGT, especially northern side of the of peninsular India. The study of the petrographic characterization of present rock types aims to understand the textural and mineralogical variations present through the traverse covering the Madurai block, Palghat-Cauvery shear zone and Madras block. Various mafic-ultramafic complexes are located in Peninsular India's SGT. Among these, three essential complexes are Salem Mafic-Ultramafic Complex (SMUC), Sitampundi Anorthosite Complex (STAC) and Bhavani Mettupalayam Ultramafic Complex (BMUC). The different rock types like Anorthosite, Dolerite, Magnesite, Banded Magnetite Quartzite (BMQ), Laterite were concentrated from these complexes
EXAMINING MICROALGAE SPECIES AS A BIOFUEL ENERGY CROP: A REVIEW
Authors: Kotwal Niloufer K. , Naicker Siddhant
Published: June 2024

One of the most important issues facing our society right now is the development of CO2 neutral fuels. This truth has come to light during the previous eighteen months thanks to the "Climate Change Economics" [170] in the Stern Report and the "AR4 Synthesis Report" [84] in the National Security Council. The causes and effects of climate change are assessed in greater detail than has been done before in these publications. We conclude that we have crossed the threshold (now 455 ppm CO2-e) 10 years sooner than the prior estimate. Essentially, they characterize atmospheric CO2 levels as over 450 ppm CO2-e (e=equivalent of all greenhouse gases) are currently in the dangerous range. These new discoveries have led the government to set a target (such as the European Union) to reduce CO2, usually in the range of 10-20% by 2020. Germany has recently pledged to cut emissions by 30% by 2020 if other countries do the same
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY (GT) TOWARDS ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Devi Dr. Hanglem Ionebala
Published: June 2024

This review offers concise insights into green technology (GT). Green technology, often referred to as eco-friendly technology, is characterized by its environmentally responsible manufacturing processes and supply chains. In a world facing the depletion of natural resources, green energy emerges as the beacon of hope. The current study delves into various facets of green technology, including alternative energy sources, biodegradable materials, recycling practices, and sustainable building construction, all of which are supported by environmental technology. This technological innovation contributes significantly to carbon reduction, the mitigation of global warming, and the preservation of our precious natural resources. Green technology serves as a comprehensive umbrella term encompassing any technology designed to be environmentally friendly throughout its entire lifecycle, from production to consumption. This research aims to shed light on the vital contributions of Green Technology Innovation to sustainable development, paving the way for future advancements in this crucial field. To ensure the relevance of this study, we have meticulously identified and briefly reviewed papers related to green technology for sustainability from reputable sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Science Direct, and other prominent research platforms. This study serves as a comprehensive overview of green technology and underscores its significance in fostering a sustainable environment. Within these pages, we identify and discuss various strategic tools and specialized methods for implementing green technology to promote a sustainable environment. Additionally, we highlight key applications of green technology that play a pivotal role in ensuring a sustainable future. In light of the current environmental crisis, there is an urgent need to transition toward green and sustainable lifestyles and practices. We must embrace innovative green technologies, such as green chemistry, green energy, green IT, green building, and green nanotechnology, to develop durable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly products that will shape a sustainable future
OCEAN ENERGY: A PRIME SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
Authors: Aitwar V. S. , Annappaswamy T. S. , Lakshmipathi M. T. , Goud Ediga Arun , Sheethal K. U. , Padmanabha A.
Published: June 2024

Since the beginning of time, Earth has been warning mankind to find safer alternatives to burning fossil fuels, which would emit harmful chemicals into the atmosphere, in order to produce power. It is projected that global power consumption will rise dramatically in the coming decade. There will be a day when pure air is no longer available if current environmental negligence persists. We are constantly made aware of the enormous threats that conventional energy generation methods bring to the environment. Therefore, producing independent, clean energy is essential. The possibility of using wave energy as a clean energy source to create electricity exists. Despite the fact that this method is still extremely new and very competitive economically, the government and corporations are growing more interested in it. An essential quality of these waves is that they perform better than other renewable energy sources in terms of energy density. This chapter enlighten about how ocean waves are efficiently used to produce electric energy and how to store using different short and long-term storage systems. This chapter also deals with how the WEC’s are eco-friendly in producing the energy and what are the benefits and limitations of this system
INTEGRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY IN FISHING VESSELS IN INDIA
Authors: Giri B. , Talwar N.A. , Biswas O. , Mime M. , Ankuria A. , Barik R.
Published: June 2024

This book chapter investigates the use of solar energy as a sustainable and viable power source in Indian fishing vessels. India stands to profit from solar energy solutions in its fishing industry as a country with a huge coastline and a significant reliance on traditional fishing practices. This chapter analyses the technical features, benefits, and challenges connected with integrating solar energy systems in fishing vessels, focusing on the Indian fishing industry
A STUDY ON HYDRAULIC FRACTURING ANALYSIS USING FRACPRO
Authors: Gogoi Devanandan , Neog Dhrubajyoti
Published: June 2024

One of the most promising and economic-stimulating operations in the hydrocarbon industry is hydraulic fracturing. The size and concentration of proppants, fracture geometry, conductivity, and pump rate are just a few of the many variables that affect how hydraulic fracturing operations are designed. Other important parameters are the depth and thickness of reservoirs, faults, and natural fractures, which can vary significantly from location to location. All play a significant role and affect the reservoir's properties. The current work presents an extensive study on Hydraulic Fracturing design, which is based on the selection of proppants, hydraulic fracturing fluid, fracture model, and treatment size. Also, this study incorporates an analysis of the induced fractures using FracPro software to study the induced fracture conductivity for enhancing crude oil production.
HYDROGEN: A SUSTAINABLE FUEL FOR FUTURE
Authors: Das Supreeti
Published: June 2024

The increasing population and the burgeoning demand for energy supply has resulted in an active search for innovative energy sources and energy carriers. Hydrogen, as a sustainable energy vector, has assumed importance in recent years, as it can produce clean energy with zero greenhouse gas emissions. It is generally believed that there is no climate solution without clean hydrogen. Hydrogen generated employing renewable energy sources with low carbon emissions and other pollutants, is termed as green hydrogen. Since 1.8% of global carbon di-oxide present in the environment is due to the production of the element hydrogen, it is imperative to adopt alternative processes for generating, storing and delivering hydrogen as a fuel. The current chapter is an investigation of the production, storage and transportation of hydrogen. India’s Green Hydrogen Mission has the basic objective of zero carbon emission by 2070. This chapter will discuss the viability of adopting green hydrogen as the energy vector embracing renewable energy sources for its production. Further, the possible outcomes of this mission by 2030 and the associated challenges will also be explored.
ECO DESIGN: WHERE CREATIVITY MEETS CONSERVATION
Authors: Jha Kalpana
Published: June 2024

Eco design, a transformative approach that integrates creativity with conservation, has gained prominence in response to increasing environmental concerns. The concept was pioneered by historical figures such as Van der Ryn, Cowan, McDonough, and Braungart and gained popularity in the early 21st century. This chapter explores eco design's significance, guiding principles and real-world examples such as green roofs, Adidas Parley etc. Further, the chapter presents a brief overview about the hurdles encountered by Companies and individuals during implementation of eco-design models followed by the regulations and policies like green incentives involved in encouraging eco-design