bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A atualidade de uma tese: A ditologia léxica, de Wilton Cardoso
Authors: Lima Joram Pinto de
Published: June 2015

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Aspecto da ficção mineira pós-45: romance de geração
Authors: Lucas Fábio
Published: June 2015

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José Lins do Rego: marcas e pontos
Authors: Mendes Nancy Maria
Published: June 2015

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Vidros de loção - uma incursão pelas memórias de Maria Helena Cardoso
Authors: Reis Roberto
Published: June 2015

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A sedução da indesejada
Authors: Paraizo Mariângela De Andrade
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho busca explorar o tema do suicídio através da obrade Drummond, tomando, para isso, poemas de Alguma poesia e Farewell.Promove-se uma breve reflexão sobre a relação do homem com a morte,de uma maneira geral, e mais especificamente com o suicídio, que ganhanovas dimensões na contemporaneidade. Procura-se fazer uma leiturada relação do poeta com o suicídio, idéia que é recorrente em sua poesia.
Imagens: fronteiras, limites, transgressões
Authors: Mandil Ram Avraham
Published: June 2015

Resenha.
Euclides da Cunha e Autran Dourado, sem bromélias nem juremas
Authors: Campos Maria Consuelo Cunha
Published: June 2015

Estudo comparativo entre Os sertões de Euclides da Cunha e oromance Monte da alegria, de Autran Dourado.
Machado de Assis e o teatro: um caso de amor
Authors: Mello Franceli Aparecida da Silva
Published: June 2015

O teatro foi uma das primeiras paixões literárias de Machado deAssis. Por ele, debateu-se na imprensa, no Conservatório Dramático, comodramaturgo e como escritor. Neste trabalho procuro demonstrar em quemomentos e em que medida se deu o engajamento de Machado de Assisna luta pela modernização da sociedade brasileira através do teatro.
Feminismo e literatura: discurso e história
Authors: Duarte Constância Lima
Published: June 2015

Breve reflexão a respeito da trajetória do movimento feministano Brasil e da literatura de autoria feminina, com a intenção de identificarmomentos representativos deste diálogo, a inserção do pensamentofeminista na prática literária de nossas escritoras, a interiorização daperspectiva feminista e a historicização do conceito. O presente texto contémainda uma proposta de compreensão do movimento feminista no país.
Biblioteca brasileira oitocentista: uma retórica da repetição
Authors: Senna Janaína Guimarães
Published: June 2015

A Lírica Nacional, de Quintino Bocaiúva, é apresentada aquicomo uma obra que, como outras antologias que a antecederam, buscadesempenhar um importante papel na consolidação da literaturabrasileira. Mas é particularmente a distância temporal que a separadaquelas primeiras coletâneas que me leva a repensar os mecanismosque regem a sua elaboração e, especialmente, o fator repetição.
Achegas à bibliografia de Alphonsus de Guimaraens
Authors: Ricieri Francine Fernandes Weiss , Marques Ângela Maria Salgueiro
Published: June 2015

As achegas à bibliografia de Alphonsus de Guimaraens têm porobjetivo discutir a bibliografia ativa e passiva do escritor mineiro. Paratanto, inventariam-se as publicações das obras de Guimaraens feitas pelopróprio poeta e postumamente, seja por seus herdeiros diretos, seja porpesquisas acadêmicas diversas. Quanto à bibliografia passiva, apontamseos principais bibliógrafos do escritor. Acrescentam-se, ainda, duaslistagens bibliográficas que visam a contribuir com a pesquisa acadêmicasobre o poeta e que complementam as bibliografias sobre o escritor jápublicadas.
A gênese da Poesia Pau-Brasil: um escritor brasileiro na França
Authors: Diniz Dilma Castelo Branco
Published: June 2015

Este estudo tem por objetivo mostrar que as idéias e propostasque compõem a poética pau-brasil já se encontram, em germe, no textoda conferência que Oswald de Andrade pronunciou na Sorbonne, em 11de maio de 1923, intitulada “L’effort intellectuel du Brésil contemporain”.O caminho crítico apresentado nessa conferência será retomado em suaobra posterior, como a escrita dos manifestos e outros textos.
Diversidade crítica e literária no Suplemento Literário do Minas Gerais (1966-73): ruptura de fronteiras
Authors: Coelho Haydée Ribeiro
Published: June 2015

O tema, a ser abordado, evidencia de que modo o SuplementoLiterário do Minas Gerais ultrapassava o local/nacional. Para isso, situao contexto em que surge essa publicação; apresenta, de forma sucinta, osestudos existentes sobre o Suplemento e toma como ponto de partida algunsdos textos da poeta e ensaísta Laís Corrêa de Araújo.
Indirect interactions in terrestrial plant communities: emerging patterns and research gaps
Authors: Sotomayor Diego A. , Lortie Christopher J.
Published: June 2015

Indirect interactions occur when the effect of one species on another is mediated by a third species. These interactions occur in most multi‐species assemblages and are diverse in their mechanistic pathways. The interest in indirect interactions has increased exponentially over the past three decades, in recognition of their importance in determining plant community dynamics and promoting species coexistence. Here, we review the literature on indirect interactions among plants published since 1990, using a novel synthetic framework that accounts for and classifies intervening species and mechanisms within trophic networks. The objectives of this review are: (1) to identify the geographical regions and ecosystem types where indirect interactions have been examined; (2) to summarize the information on the number of trophic levels examined in studies of indirect interactions; (3) to test whether the frequency of indirect interactions varies across environmental gradients; and (4) to identify the experimental approaches most commonly used in studies of indirect interactions. Studies examining indirect interactions in plants have been conducted primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, with a focus on grasslands and forests. The majority of studies (67%) examined two trophic levels. Indirect facilitation and apparent competition are the interactions that have been most frequently examined, with the latter being reported more frequently in relatively productive environments. Other indirect interactions reported include associational resistance, exploitative competition or facilitation, shared defenses, and trophic cascades. Generally, field experiments tested indirect interactions based on single target species. While the majority of studies on indirect interactions dealt with basic ecology issues, several studies have dealt with such interactions in the context of biological invasions (18%) and rangeland management (12%). This review allowed us identifying a number of research needs, including the study of non‐feeding interactions and that for more realistic complex designs, explicitly testing indirect interactions across different trophic levels, in geographical regions that have been under‐examined to date, and in stressful ecosystems.
Septic Arthritis of the Ankle Caused by Group-B Streptococci Following Blunt Trauma
Authors: Chin John , Douglas Thomas
Published: June 2015

Case:

A healthy young adult underwent irrigation and debridement after experiencing minimal blunt trauma involving the ankle. Culture of synovial fluid demonstrated growth of group-B streptococci. Magnetic resonance imaging of the joint at three months of follow-up demonstrated synovitis without signs of osteomyelitis. At one year of follow-up, the patient reported resolution of pain and return of range of motion to normal baseline.

Conclusion:

Septic arthritis of the ankle can lead to joint destruction if not immediately diagnosed and treated. Empiric antimicrobial therapy should be administered while awaiting bacterial identification on the basis of culture of synovial fluid. Group-B streptococci are a more common cause of septic arthritis in the pediatric and peripartum populations; however, hematogenous spread can translocate these bacteria from the genitourinary tract to joints in all age groups.
Interview with Ralph Eads III
Authors: Eads Ralph
Published: June 2015

The Way Ahead Interview

Ralph Eads is vice chairman of Jefferies LLC and global head of Jefferies’ Energy Investment Banking Group. His extensive mergers and acquisitions (M&A) experience includes working on more than USD 300 billion in energy M&A transactions. Before this, Eads was president of Randall & Dewey, which was acquired by Jefferies in 2005. His previous positions were executive vice president of El Paso Corp., handling its unregulated businesses; head of the energy group of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette; and senior positions at S.G. Warburg and Lehman Brothers. Eads serves on the board of trustees of Duke University.

What or who inspired you to work in the oil and gas industry?

I am a fifth generation Texan and a native Houstonian, so I have been around the oil business my entire life. One of the things that drew me to the industry is all the great lore around it. I have always liked all the stories and the traditions of risk-taking and boom and bust. It is just a fascinating industry.

You have assumed various financial roles throughout your career in the industry. What roles do you or did you enjoy most and why?

I enjoy my current job the most. Here at Jefferies, we have a true combination of finance and technical expertise. It is stimulating to see interesting projects and to do technical analysis on individual plays. You get the transactional activity associated with finance, but you also get exposed to the innovation in the industry.

How do fluctuating oil prices, specifically the low oil prices seen today, affect the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) business?

It kills it; the market just stops. We mainly act for sellers and that business has stopped because buyers want to buy packages at USD 50/bbl oil, and sellers do not want to sell that low given that the price of oil was USD 80/bbl only a short time ago. If prices stay low, sellers will start selling at the lower price, or if prices recover, we will get back to a market that transacts around USD 80/bbl oil. But for now, the market is frozen.
Turbulent Commodity Prices and the Turmoil for Young Professionals
Authors: Seng Tom
Published: June 2015

Academia

From June 2014 to January 2015, global crude oil prices dropped by almost 60%, from about USD 108/bbl to USD 46/bbl. There were many factors that drove these prices downward. Being an integral part of the industry, it is important that young professionals understand the governing principles and be able to connect them with facts. The following are some of the prominent factors responsible for the drastic change in oil prices.

Supply and Demand. According to the December 2014 monthly update of the United States Energy Information Administration, the global supply of liquid fuels increased by 1.8 million B/D to 92 million B/D in 2014 while demand did not keep pace. Domestic oil production in the US increased to 8.8 million B/D last year, the highest level in 30 years, and US crude oil inventory levels have reached an 80-year high. Meanwhile, US demand for oil declined from what had been a 10-year high.

Economic. Strong economic growth translates into higher energy usage and can impact prices positively. But the converse is also true, in that weak economic indicators could represent lower energy consumption and, consequently, lower prices. The US, China, Japan, and India are the world’s top consumers of crude oil. Europe consumes 22% of the world’s oil. Meanwhile, Europe’s largest producer of crude, the United Kingdom, became a net importer in 2013. Economic indicators for all these countries are intensely watched daily as traders attempt to determine the future direction of the price of oil and countries become intrinsically tied to a global economy—one that can be very fickle in nature.

Political. Energy will always be a controversial issue pitting producers against consumers and environmental groups. A recent example of this is the Keystone XL oil pipeline project in North America. The planned route from Canada’s Alberta province to Cushing, Oklahoma, has run into issues regarding a required international border permit, landowner rights, and environmental concerns over the process that produces the crude oil itself.
Current State of the Industry: A Recruiting Agency’s Perspective
Authors: Nowak Bodie
Published: June 2015

HR Discussion

The day after Thanksgiving, the oil and gas industry was dealt a crushing blow. Already facing a downward market, it was then met with news that members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries had collectively made the decision to not cut production, with Saudi Arabia leading the agenda.

The remainder of last year was throttled by plummeting share prices from the publicly traded exploration and production (E&P) companies and the continuation of price slides on the oil indexes, both West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and Brent. Through December and into the new year, companies were faced with an unfortunate reality, which was to cut capital expenditures in order to weather the storm of uneconomic oil prices, an uncertain rebound forecast, and a correction to profitable levels.

In an opinion piece, “Who Will Rule the Oil Market?,” published in The New York Times on 23 January, renowned analyst Daniel Yergin wrote, “By leaving oil prices to the market, Saudi Arabia and the Emirates also passed the responsibility as de facto swing producer to a country that hardly expected it—the United States. This approach is expected to continue with the accession of the new Saudi king, Salman, following the death on Friday [23 January] of King Abdullah. And it means that changes in American production will now, along with that of Persian Gulf producers, also have a major influence on global oil prices.”

Commenting on it, Reed Rogers, Parkwood International’s executive vice president of downstream refining and chemical manufacturing practices, notes that, “The US does not have a cartel of oil producers who will act in concert, so expecting the US to act as a swing producer who will lower production to increase price is not realistic. What is more likely is that lower oil prices will weed out higher-cost US producers, which will be a random, rather than concerted, event. In either case, higher prices would be the outcome. However, we don’t see many US producers being ‘weeded out’ so far so I agree with Barclay’s latest survey that a USD 50/bbl price will be maintained for much of 2015.”
The Sky is Falling - Again: Oil Price: Biggest Factor Affecting the Industry
Authors: Means Euan , Wynveen Jared , Fann James
Published: June 2015

Forum

The slumping oil price is the talk of the industry. From field hands and technical teams getting laid off to slowing down of projects until 2016 or later, the oil price is affecting many in the industry. The Way Ahead Forum section editors sat down with stakeholders from different sections of the industry to get a better picture of what the recent oil price changes mean to business.

What would you define as “low” in oil prices?

Euan Mearns (EM): This is a good question. The best answer I can suggest is that the price is low when it falls below the level where companies can make a profit. The corollary would be that the price is high when companies make large windfall profits. Since different companies and states have different operating costs and these operating costs vary with time, there is no unique definition. But I believe at USD 50/bbl few, if any, companies are making a profit, hence we may safely assume that USD 50/bbl is low.

Jared Wynveen (JW): Generally speaking, I think a low oil price is one in which we can no longer sustain continued development and expansion of our resources. Depending on the play, low pricing might be anywhere from USD 40/bbl (WTI) to USD 80/bbl, but ultimately it all depends on the specifics of the operator, the reservoir, and the product quality.

James Fann (JF): Energy prices have always historically moved in cycles. Instead of thinking of a low oil price as an absolute number, for Canadian energy producers, I would suggest a low oil price would be one such as to slow down and potentially stop the development of new projects or expansions that would increase the oil supply. This price would cause supply to either decrease or remain flat.
Building a Career in Reserves Estimation
Authors: Foianini Ivo , Dragani Jarrett
Published: June 2015

Discover a Career

The substantial reduction in global oil prices has put the oil and gas community in a challenging and yet vaguely familiar position. It is once again reminded of the effect oil and gas prices have on companies working to profitably exploit these resources. When there are changes in prices, reserves estimation can dictate the profitability an operator can ultimately obtain.

Larry Mizzau, principal for reserves and resources governance at Cenovus Energy reflects on his 30-plus years of experience in the industry and shares his thoughts on how commodity prices impact operators, reserves consultants, and young professionals (YPs) looking to establish a career in reserves estimation.

What is reserves estimation?

Reserves estimation is a key step in understanding an oil and gas company’s resource base and the opportunities it affords. It is found at the crossroads between asset management and financial stewardship. It involves the estimation of remaining volumes of hydrocarbons economically recoverable from an oil and gas operator’s subsurface assets using current technology.

Given that reserves exist deep in the ground, they cannot be determined with absolute certainty and, as such, can only be estimated. To assist investors in understanding this uncertainty, reserves estimates are typically determined at different confidence levels.

In Canada and the United States, public operating companies must disclose an updated estimate of their remaining oil and gas reserves on a yearly basis as part of their yearend financial reporting. Specifically in Canada, operators are required to disclose assessments prepared or audited by independent qualified reserves evaluators (IQREs) who can be externally or internally retained by the company.
Effect of Commodity Prices on the Engineer, the Industry, and the World
Authors: Dang Angela , Offurum Chieke , Morgan Colter
Published: June 2015

Technical Leaders

How would you describe the commodities industry and its role in the oil and gas sector?

The oil and gas commodities industry, i.e., the trading of oil and gas, is highly critical. Oil and gas being traded as a commodity signifies that it is a global industry. The trading of commodities— not just oil and gas, but any commodity— is a global endeavor. As such, the price is set by a global market. To me, that is the most critical factor about oil and gas. Interest rates and oil prices are probably the two variables that have the greatest impact on the global economy. Interest rates more so, but it also points to the importance of oil as a commodity.

Oil and gas as a global market really took off in the 1970s and 1980s with the rise of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and the development of technology that physically allowed the barrel to move. The advent of the Internet and electronic technology that facilitates the stock and trading exchanges of the world also fueled the globalization of oil and gas trading.

What is the most common misconception about commodity prices and trends, specifically for oil and gas (either publicly or within the industry)?

There is an assumption that traders set the price. Prices, especially long term, are set by the market’s perception of supply and demand—that is not just traders, but also the end users and the producers of the commodity. There are really three large groups that trade: producers, users, and the “middle men,” or what some people may call traders or speculators. While they do influence prices and add volatility, they do not really set the prices.
Aquifer recharge with reclaimed water: life-cycle assessment of hybrid concepts for non-potable reuse
Authors: Staub M. , Thouement H. , Remy C. , Miehe U. , Grützmacher G. , Roche P. , Soyeux E. , David B.
Published: June 2015

Aquifer recharge with reclaimed water is a promising means to store and supply on demand reclaimed water of high quality for further non-potable reuse. The reuse applications may include indirect agricultural or landscape irrigation, saltwater intrusion barriers, subsidence mitigation or aquifer replenishment. As an alternative to high-pressure or double-membrane systems, hybrid schemes consisting of a disinfection/filtration step prior to aquifer recharge were assessed in this study regarding their environmental footprint and energy efficiency. A simplified life-cycle assessment (LCA) for a hypothetical case study in a water-scarce country was conducted to compare these hybrid schemes to a double-membrane system working under similar conditions. The results show that there is a significant margin for lowering the environmental impact, energy demand and operational costs if non-potable water quality is targeted. While the hybrid schemes outperform high-pressure membranes for these factors, land footprint and final water quality also need to be considered in the choice of solution for specific conditions.
An Innovative Design of a Clay‐Zeolite Medium for the Adsorption of Total Phosphorus from Wastewater
Authors: Ciosek Amanda Lidia , Luk Grace K. , Warner Michèle , Warner R. Anthony
Published: June 2015

Phosphorus significantly influences the eutrophication process, modifying the quality of waterways and habitat, especially in stagnant waterbodies exposed to septic tank effluent at high nutrient levels. This research explores the development of a cost‐effective, efficient, and affordable on‐site wastewater treatment system targeted as total phosphorus (TP) removal technology. The research objective is to demonstrate the TP removal efficiency of an optimized clay‐zeolite medium by chemical adsorption. The study observes the effects of pellet medium design and modifications, influent concentrations, and contact time. Following various stages of optimization, the preliminary testing achieves a 45 ± 1.8% removal after 45 minutes of contact time. The optimized pellets are contained within a five‐layer bench‐scale model, achieving equilibrium TP removal of 72 ± 2.9% after 3 hours. Theoretical extrapolation to 12 contact hours indicates an achievement of 88% removal is possible. The results show a positive correlation with the linearized Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.
VANET middleware for service sharing based on OSGI
Authors: Luo Juan , Pan Qiu , He Zanyi
Published: June 2015

VANET is one of the most important parts in smart cities. However,
heterogeneous network devices used by different vehicles make data exchange
among vehicles become particularly difficult. To solve the problem, a
distributed service sharing middleware for VANET called VssOSGi is proposed
in the paper. In this middleware, various kinds of functions provided by
sensing devices in vehicles are virtually abstracted as services in the
network, which decouples applications from devices and provides a unified
platform for data exchange among vehicles. As the movements of cars lead to
dynamic changes of the network topology, the service discoveries for these
vehicles are easily to be invalidated. The paper proposes a distributed
service directory selection algorithm SSWA (Stability and Sharing-oriented
Weight-based Algorithm) and introduces a service discovery mechanism to make
service discoveries for vehicles more effectively and timely. The simulation
results show that the proposed middleware could realize widely service
discoveries in VANET. Moreover, it requires shorter service response time
and less communication traffic with the growing amount of vehicles.
Dynamic load balancing technology for cloud-oriented CDN
Authors: He Hui , Feng Yana , Li Zhigang , Zhu Zhenguang , Zhang Weizhe , Cheng Albert
Published: June 2015

With soaring demands of Internet content services, content delivery network
(CDN), one of the most effective content acceleration techniques, is applied
into Internet services. Content routing functions in CDN are generally
realized by load balancing system. Effectiveness of load balancing strategy
determines response speed to users and user experience (UE) directly. This
paper extracted the most important influencing factor of CDN loading from
common network services and proposed the Variable Factor Weighted Least
Connection. The proposed algorithm made real-time computing and dynamic
regulation in considering of effect of network applications on server load
index, performance changes of the server and workload changes. It has been
applied in LVS kernel system successfully. The experiment confirmed that the
CDN load schedule system with Variable-Factor-Weighted-Least-Connection
could balance loads among cluster servers dynamically according to
processing capacity changes of servers, thus enabling to provide users
desired services and contents during high large-scale concurrence accesses
of users.
Changes in synovial fluid biomarker concentrations following arthroscopic surgery in horses with osteochondritis dissecans of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia
Authors: Brink Palle , Smith Roger K. W. , Tverdal Aage , Dolvik Nils I.
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE To quantify concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and fibromodulin in synovial fluid from the tarsocrural joints (TCJs) of horses with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia and determine whether concentrations would change following arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments.

ANIMALS 115 client-owned horses with OCD of the TCJ and 29 control horses euthanized for unrelated reasons.

PROCEDURES COMP and fibromodulin concentrations were measured in synovial fluid from the TCJs of the affected horses before and after osteochondral fragments were removed arthroscopically and in synovial fluid from the TCJs of the control horses after euthanasia. Synovial biopsy specimens from the TCJs of affected and control horses were examined histologically for evidence of inflammation.

RESULTS Synovial fluid COMP and fibromodulin concentrations prior to surgery in horses with OCD were not significantly different from concentrations in control horses. Fibromodulin, but not COMP, concentration in horses with OCD was significantly decreased after surgery, compared with the concentration before surgery. Fibromodulin concentration was significantly correlated with joint effusion score but not with lameness score or results of a flexion test and was correlated with histologic score for number of synoviocytes on the surface of the synovium but not with score for degree of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovium. Synovial fluid COMP concentration was not significantly correlated with clinical or histologic findings.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that fibromodulin, but not COMP, could potentially be a biomarker of joint inflammation in horses with OCD of the TCJ.
Lumbar Traction for Managing Low Back Pain: A Survey of Physical Therapists in the United States
Authors: Madson Timothy J. , Hollman John H.
Published: June 2015

Study Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Objectives

To examine how many physical therapists use traction, the patients for whom traction is used, the preferred delivery modes/parameters of traction, the supplemental interventions used with traction, and whether professional characteristics influence traction usage.

Background

Several systematic reviews and clinical guidelines have questioned the effectiveness of traction for managing low back pain, yet some patients may benefit from lumbar traction. While traction usage among physical therapists in other countries has been described, usage among physical therapists in the United States has not been examined.

Methods

We surveyed a random sample of 4000 Orthopaedic Section members of the American Physical Therapy Association. Associations among respondents' professional characteristics and survey responses were explored with chi-square analyses (α = .05).

Results

The response rate was 25.5% (n = 1001), and 76.6% (n = 767) of respondents reported using traction. Most (58.4%) of the respondents used traction for patients with signs of nerve root compression, though many (31.4%) did not. Common delivery modes included manual methods (68.3%) and mechanical tables (44.9%), most often supplemental to other interventions (eg, stabilization exercises, postural education). Levels of professional preparation (doctoral/masters level versus bachelors/certificate level) were associated with many variables, as was attainment of an orthopaedic specialist certification.

Conclusion

Most of the orthopaedic physical therapists in the United States who responded to our survey reported that they used lumbar traction, though not necessarily consistent with proposed criteria that identify patients most likely to benefit from traction. They used various traction delivery modes/parameters and used traction within comprehensive plans of care incorporating multiple interventions. Professional characteristics (education levels and clinical specialist credentialing) were associated with traction usage. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(8):586–595. Epub 25 Jun 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6036
Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylated Epoxidized Flaxseed Oil for Biopolymeric Applications
Authors: Rana A. , Evitts R. W.
Published: June 2015

In this study acrylated epoxidized flaxseed oil was synthesized and then characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Triglycerides are the main constituents of flaxseed oil and the carbon-carbon double bond is the reaction site for epoxidation. Flaxseed oil was epoxidized by adding formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Acrylic acid was then added to produce acrylated epoxidized flaxseed oil (AEFO). The change in the structure of the fatty acids chain after the epoxidation and acrylation reactions was measured and characterized by Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra of epoxidized flaxseed oil and flaxseed oil shows the disappearance of the =C–H (3012 cm−1) and C=C (1654 cm−1) peaks. The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of AEFO since the presence of hydroxyl group (–OH) was shown by the peak at 3455 cm−1 and the acrylate group (–CH=CH2), which was indicated by the peaks at 1406, 984 and 812 cm−1. The changes in peaks of the 1H NMR spectra also confirmed the formation of AEFO. The number of acrylate groups/molecule of triglyceride was found to be 2.6 from 1H NMR spectra.
Processing of Soju Industrial Bioresidue to Extract Microcrystalline Cellulose and Characterization
Authors: Bhima A. Naidu , Park J.-H. , Cho M. , Oh S.-G. , Myung H. , Kamala-Kannan S. , Oh B.-T.
Published: June 2015

Soju industrial biomass residue (SIBR) is a lignocellulosic agro-industrial biowaste available in large quantities in soju producing countries. In this study, an attempt was made to extract microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a biopolymer from SIBR by controlled acid hydrolysis. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of cellulose I structure with two peaks around 2θ = 15 and 22.5° and increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis treatment. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed no significant chemical affect of the cellulose fragment. Thermo-gravimetric analysis reveals that the extracted MCC have a good thermal stability (319°C). Dynamic light scattering studies confirmed the presence of MCC in micro range (126.4 nm) which was supported by transmission electron microscopy. The results of this work are useful for extracting valuable and widely applicable cellulose, and help solve management of SIBR in terms of disposal and pollution problems.
PPy Doped with DBSA and Combined with PSS to Improve Processability and Control the Morphology
Authors: Jayamurugan P. , Ponnuswamy V. , Ashokan S. , Rao Y. V. Subba , Mahalingam T.
Published: June 2015

DBSA (Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid)/PSS (Polystyrene sulfonic acid) doped polypyrrole composites were synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method with 0 to 5°C reaction temperature for 24 h. The particle size distribution of DBSA and PSS doped polypyrrole composites were found at 78 nm, 66 nm, 85 nm, 120 nm and 173 nm for different weight ratios of PSS. The presence of sulfur and higher doping level was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The mass percentages of sulfur were found in 17.94%, 34.41%, 40.87%, 44.9% and 48.16% for various weight ratios of PSS. The SEM study shows the granular morphology and aggregation of polypyrrole composites. Thermal stability improves with higher concentration of PSS. FTIR study confirms the presence of dopants in the composite structure. The UV-study reveals the π→π* transition in benzenoid rings of DBSA and presence of PSS. The conductivity of polypyrrole composite increases maximum upto 2.5 wt% of PSS and then decreases with increasing PSS content.
Microthermoforming Integrated in the Injection Molding Process for Fabrication of Film-Based Microstructured Parts
Authors: Jungmeier A. , Drummer D.
Published: June 2015

Thermoplastic micro parts are commonly manufactured by the large-scale production technology of micro injection molding, with small wall thicknesses limiting the feasible flow length. In contrast, microthermoforming is an inexpensive technology to manufacture thin-walled microstructured parts, but connecting three-dimensional solid bodies, e.g. functional structures, is impossible. The novel combination of processing techniques, i.e. microthermoforming integrated in the injection molding process with dynamic mold temperature control enables the use of non-adhesive polymer melt to form thermoplastic films via back molding and employ adhesive melt to connect further structures. Additional heating the film with the back molding component represents a particular benefit in terms of reaching the required film temperature and leads to low temperatures prevailing in the mold. Simulative tools facilitate the understanding of film temperatures after back molding and can be used in a further step for the adaption of homogenous temperature distributions across areally distributed microstructures. Generally speaking, the technology is expected to allow for multifunctional, thin-walled microstructured parts produced in short cycle times.
Surface Quenching Induced Microstructure Transformations in Extrusion Foaming of Porous Sheets
Authors: Gandhi A. , Bhatnagar N.
Published: June 2015

In this article, a new technology is described to manufacture open cell thermoplastic foamed sheets with the aid of surface-quenching phenomenon during an extrusion process. As the gas laden polymer extrudate exits the slit die, its surface is rapidly quenched which results in freezing of cells on the surface, while the cells at the core continue to grow and leads to development of open-cellular microstructure at the core. Influence of chill roll temperature was found to be extremely significant in developing porous morphological attributes. Subsequently, synergistic effect of physical blowing agent (N2) content and chill roll temperature was examined for their expansion ratio and foam thickness. Fascinatingly, with reduced chill roll temperatures open-cell microstructure and high expansion ratio was obtained although its thickness was observed to decrease. Further, influence of chill roll rotating speed on foam microstructure and expansion ratio was studied. Lower chill roll rotational speed resulted in development of open-cellular microstructure; while at higher speeds, closed cell morphology was obtained. The results coherently demonstrate that by controlling the chill roll temperatures; open-cellular microstructure can be developed in sheet extrusion foaming process.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA indicate monophyly of the genus Phytolacca L. (Phytolaccaceae)
Authors: Ali M. Ajmal , Lee Joongku , Kim Soo-Yong , Park Sang-Hong , Al-Hemaid Fahad M.A.
Published: June 2015

Relationships within the family Phytolaccaceae sensu lato were examined based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). The study revealed Phytolacca L. as taxonomically the most difficult genus in the family with completely unknown phylogeny. Molecular evidence was used from nrDNA ITS sequences of about 90% of the species for maximum parsimony analyses, and the molecular phylogenetic analyses defined a monophyletic Phytolacca. This first molecular phylogenetic study of Phytolacca concludes that the relationships among the species within the genus do not show harmony with the generic classification based on morphology. These results set the stage for a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of Phytolacca.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(1): 1­8, 2015 (June)
Sonerila gadgiliana, a new scapigerous species of Melastomataceae from India
Authors: Narayanan M.K. Ratheesh , Sivadasan M. , Sunil C.N. , Nandakumar M.K. , Shaju T. , Alfarhan A.H. , Tamimi A.S.M. Amal
Published: June 2015

Sonerila gadgiliana, a new species collected from high altitude moss-covered dripping rocks of grassland-shola margins in Wayanad district, Kerala, India is described and illustrated. The species resembles S. raghaviana Ratheesh et al., S. rotundifolia Bedd. and S. veldkampiana Ratheesh et al., but differs from leaf, inflorescence, peduncle, hypanthium, petal, anther, capsule and seed characteristics.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(1): 915, 2015 (June)
Didymodon rigidulus var. subulatus (Thér. & Bartram ex E.B. Bartram) R.H. Zander, new to the moss flora of Mongolia and Asia
Authors: Zhao Dong-Ping , Tsegmed Tsogiin , Bai Xue-Liang
Published: June 2015

Not available. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(1): 6366, 2015 (June)
Power Management Optimization of an Experimental Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid System
Authors: Odeim Farouk , Roes Jürgen , Heinzel Angelika
Published: June 2015

In this paper, an experimental fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid system is investigated in terms of modeling and power management design and optimization. The power management strategy is designed based on the role that should be played by each component of the hybrid power source. The supercapacitor is responsible for the peak power demands. The battery assists the supercapacitor in fulfilling the transient power demand by controlling its state-of-energy, whereas the fuel cell system, with its slow dynamics, controls the state-of-charge of the battery. The parameters of the power management strategy are optimized by a genetic algorithm and Pareto front analysis in a framework of multi-objective optimization, taking into account the hydrogen consumption, the battery loading and the acceleration performance. The optimization results are validated on a test bench composed of a fuel cell system (1.2 kW, 26 V), lithium polymer battery (30 Ah, 37 V), and a supercapacitor (167 F, 48 V).
Bio-Refining of Carbohydrate-Rich Food Waste for Biofuels
Authors: Hao Hoang-Tuong , Karthikeyan Obulisamy , Heimann Kirsten
Published: June 2015

The global dependence on finite fossil fuel-derived energy is of serious concern given the predicted population increase. Over the past decades, bio-refining of woody biomass has received much attention, but data on food waste refining are sorely lacking, despite annual and global deposition of 1.3 billion tons in landfills. In addition to negative environmental impacts, this represents a squandering of valuable energy, water and nutrient resources. The potential of carbohydrate-rich food waste (CRFW) for biofuel (by Rhodotorulla glutinis fermentation) and biogas production (by calculating theoretical methane yield) was therefore investigated using a novel integrated bio-refinery approach. In this approach, hydrolyzed CRFW from three different conditions was used for Rhodotorulla glutinis cultivation to produce biolipids, whilst residual solids after hydrolysis were characterized for methane recovery potential via anaerobic digestion. Initially, CRFW was hydrolysed using thermal- (Th), chemical- (Ch) and Th-Ch combined hydrolysis (TCh), with the CRFW-leachate serving as a control (Pcon). Excessive foaming led to the loss of TCh cultures, while day-7 biomass yields were similar (3.4–3.6 g dry weight (DW) L−1) for the remaining treatments. Total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of R. glutinis cultivated on CRFW hydrolysates were relatively low (~6.5%) but quality parameters (i.e., cetane number, density, viscosity and higher heating values) of biomass extracted biodiesel complied with ASTM standards. Despite low theoretical RS-derived methane potential, further research under optimised and scaled conditions will reveal the potential of this approach for the bio-refining of CRFW for energy recovery and value-added co-product production.
Behavior of Beech Sawdust during Densification into a Solid Biofuel
Authors: Križan Peter , Matú Miloš , Šooš Ľubomír , Beniak Juraj
Published: June 2015

In solid biofuel manufacture technological and material variables influence the densification process and thus also the final briquette quality. The impact of these technological variables, especially compression pressure and compression temperature, and also of the material parameters (particle size and moisture content) can generally be observed during biomass densification in the quality indicators, where the abovementioned variables have a significant influence, especially on the mechanical indicators of quality (briquette density, mechanical durability, etc.). This paper presents the results of experimental research dealing with determining the relationship between the technological and the material variables during densification of beech sawdust. The main goal of the paper is to determine the mutual interaction between compression pressure, compression temperature and material particle size. Research findings were obtained using single-axis densification. The influence of the particle size interacting with compression pressure and compression temperature on the final briquette density was determined. The research findings obtained should prove valuable in briquette production and also in the engineering of densification machines.
Tracking Positioning Algorithm for Direction of Arrival Based on Direction Lock Loop
Authors: Cheng Xiu-Zhi , Zhu Da-Rong , Zhang Shen , He Ping
Published: June 2015

In order to solve the problem of poor real-time performance, low accuracy and high computational complexity in the traditional process of locating and tracking of Direction of Arrival (DOA) of moving targets, this paper proposes a DOA algorithm based on the Direction Lock Loop (DILL) which adopts Lock Loop structure to realize the estimation and location of DOA and can adjust the direction automatically along with the changes of a signal’s angular variation to track the position of the signal. Meanwhile, to reduce the influence of nonlinearity and noise on its performance, the UKF filter is designed for eliminating interference of the estimated target signal to improve accuracy of the signal tracking and stability of the system. Simulation results prove that the algorithm can not only get a high resolution DOA estimate signal, but can also locate and track multiple mobile targets effectively with enhanced accuracy, efficiency and stability.
Regulation of Unperturbed DNA Replication by Ubiquitylation
Authors: Moreno Sara , Gambus Agnieszka
Published: June 2015

Posttranslational modification of proteins by means of attachment of a small globular protein ubiquitin (i.e., ubiquitylation) represents one of the most abundant and versatile mechanisms of protein regulation employed by eukaryotic cells. Ubiquitylation influences almost every cellular process and its key role in coordination of the DNA damage response is well established. In this review we focus, however, on the ways ubiquitylation controls the process of unperturbed DNA replication. We summarise the accumulated knowledge showing the leading role of ubiquitin driven protein degradation in setting up conditions favourable for replication origin licensing and S-phase entry. Importantly, we also present the emerging major role of ubiquitylation in coordination of the active DNA replication process: preventing re-replication, regulating the progression of DNA replication forks, chromatin re-establishment and disassembly of the replisome at the termination of replication forks.
Molecular Wiring in Smart Dressings: Opening a New Route to Monitoring Wound pH
Authors: McLister Anna , Davis James
Published: June 2015

It has been proposed that fluctuations in wound pH can give valuable insights into the healing processes in chronic wounds, but acquiring such data can be a technological challenge especially where there is little sample available. Developments in voltammetric pH sensing have opened up new avenues for the design of probes that can function in ultra-small volumes and can be inherently disposable but, as yet few can meet the demands of wound monitoring. A preliminary investigation of the pH response of a new redox wire prepared from a peptide homopolymer of tryptophan is presented and its potential applicability as a sensing material for use in smart dressings is critically discussed.
Evaluation of the Interactions between Water Extractable Soil Organic Matter and Metal Cations (Cu(II), Eu(III)) Using Excitation-Emission Matrix Combined with Parallel Factor Analysis
Authors: Wei Jing , Han Lu , Song Jing , Chen Mengfang
Published: June 2015

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the binding behavior of Cu(II) and Eu(III) with water extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soil, and assess the competitive effect of the cations. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectrometry was used in combination with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to obtain four WEOM components: fulvic-like, humic-like, microbial degraded humic-like, and protein-like substances. Fluorescence titration experiments were performed to obtain the binding parameters of PARAFAC-derived components with Cu(II) and Eu(III). The conditional complexation stability constants (logKM) of Cu(II) with the four components ranged from 5.49 to 5.94, and the Eu(III) logKM values were between 5.26 to 5.81. The component-specific binding parameters obtained from competitive binding experiments revealed that Cu(II) and Eu(III) competed for the same binding sites on the WEOM components. These results would help understand the molecular binding mechanisms of Cu(II) and Eu(III) with WEOM in soil environment.