bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Winter Precipitation across the Western United States during the Satellite Era
Authors: Nash Deanna , Ye Hengchun , Fetzer Eric
Published: September 2017

The western United States is known for its water shortages due to large seasonal and inter-annual variability of precipitation as well as increasing demand. Climate change will impact the availability of water in the western United States through the modification of precipitation characteristics. Satellite data presents the opportunity to study these changes at a fine, continuous spatial resolution—particularly in places where no traditional ground observations exist. Utilizing the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 version 7 precipitation data, this study examines the spatio-temporal changes in precipitation characteristics over the western United States between 1998 and 2015, and their connections with the atmospheric total column water vapor and the El Niño Southern Oscillation during the winter season. The results show that precipitation frequency in the western United States has been decreasing in general, precipitation totals and mean daily intensity are increasing in northwestern United States, but decreasing in the southwest United States during the 18 years of the study time period. Additionally, results show a strong relationship between total column water vapor and the precipitation characteristics, specifically in the southwestern United States.
Research on the Optimum Water Content of Detecting Soil Nitrogen Using Near Infrared Sensor
Authors: He Yong , Xiao Shupei , Nie Pengcheng , Dong Tao , Qu Fangfang , Lin Lei
Published: September 2017

Nitrogen is one of the important indexes to evaluate the physiological and biochemical properties of soil. The level of soil nitrogen content influences the nutrient levels of crops directly. The near infrared sensor can be used to detect the soil nitrogen content rapidly, nondestructively, and conveniently. In order to investigate the effect of the different soil water content on soil nitrogen detection by near infrared sensor, the soil samples were dealt with different drying times and the corresponding water content was measured. The drying time was set from 1 h to 8 h, and every 1 h 90 samples (each nitrogen concentration of 10 samples) were detected. The spectral information of samples was obtained by near infrared sensor, meanwhile, the soil water content was calculated every 1 h. The prediction model of soil nitrogen content was established by two linear modeling methods, including partial least squares (PLS) and uninformative variable elimination (UVE). The experiment shows that the soil has the highest detection accuracy when the drying time is 3 h and the corresponding soil water content is 1.03%. The correlation coefficients of the calibration set are 0.9721 and 0.9656, and the correlation coefficients of the prediction set are 0.9712 and 0.9682, respectively. The prediction accuracy of both models is high, while the prediction effect of PLS model is better and more stable. The results indicate that the soil water content at 1.03% has the minimum influence on the detection of soil nitrogen content using a near infrared sensor while the detection accuracy is the highest and the time cost is the lowest, which is of great significance to develop a portable apparatus detecting nitrogen in the field accurately and rapidly.
Dual-Mode Electro-Optical Techniques for Biosensing Applications: A Review
Authors: Juan-Colás José , Johnson Steven , Krauss Thomas
Published: September 2017

The monitoring of biomolecular interactions is a key requirement for the study of complex biological processes and the diagnosis of disease. Technologies that are capable of providing label-free, real-time insight into these interactions are of great value for the scientific and clinical communities. Greater understanding of biomolecular interactions alongside increased detection accuracy can be achieved using technology that can provide parallel information about multiple parameters of a single biomolecular process. For example, electro-optical techniques combine optical and electrochemical information to provide more accurate and detailed measurements that provide unique insights into molecular structure and function. Here, we present a comparison of the main methods for electro-optical biosensing, namely, electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR), electrochemical optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (EC-OWLS), and the recently reported silicon-based electrophotonic approach. The comparison considers different application spaces, such as the detection of low concentrations of biomolecules, integration, the tailoring of light-matter interaction for the understanding of biomolecular processes, and 2D imaging of biointeractions on a surface.
Real-Time Two-Dimensional Magnetic Particle Imaging for Electromagnetic Navigation in Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Le Tuan-Anh , Zhang Xingming , Hoshiar Ali Kafash , Yoon Jungwon
Published: September 2017

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are effective drug carriers. By using electromagnetic actuated systems, MNPs can be controlled noninvasively in a vascular network for targeted drug delivery (TDD). Although drugs can reach their target location through capturing schemes of MNPs by permanent magnets, drugs delivered to non-target regions can affect healthy tissues and cause undesirable side effects. Real-time monitoring of MNPs can improve the targeting efficiency of TDD systems. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) real-time monitoring scheme has been developed for an MNP guidance system. Resovist particles 45 to 65 nm in diameter (5 nm core) can be monitored in real-time (update rate = 2 Hz) in 2D. The proposed 2D monitoring system allows dynamic tracking of MNPs during TDD and renders magnetic particle imaging-based navigation more feasible.
Human Mobility Analysis for Extracting Local Interactions under Rapid Socio-Economic Transformation in Dawei, Myanmar
Authors: Kimijima Satomi , Nagai Masahiko
Published: September 2017

Understanding human mobility patterns provides knowledge about impacts of a socio-economic transformation in a rapidly urbanizing environment. This study assesses a long-term mobility data which uses a face-to-face questionnaire and GPS logger-based method of data collection for extracting socio-economic impacts from the rapid transformation. Conversion of mobility related information such as travel distance, direction, and time from the questionnaire survey into spatiotemporal information was carried out by developing an algorithm. To illustrate the proposed approach, a case study in Dawei Special Economic Zone, Myanmar was conducted. The results show that the questionnaire-based mobility data can be associated with GPS-based mobility data and diverse mobility patterns are found for different social groups in the stage of urban formation. The results enabled an understanding of the human dynamics in interactions, which can be used for monitoring rural sustainability and its challenges in the future with the background of the accelerated project development in the area.
GPR Method as a Non-Invasive Method for Investigating Organic Soils Deposited under Designed Road Construction
Authors: Konopko Mariola , Wysocka Małgorzata Ewa
Published: September 2017

GPR method is a non-invasive technique for ground exploration which detects subsurface objects and assesses their presence, as well as provides information about the geological structure of investigation site. Ground penetrating radar method belongs to the group of geophysical methods as it uses electromagnetic waves. GPR technique takes advantage of the differences between the dielectric constants, specific for the material under analysis. One of the factors that are essential to record reliable data is a clear contrast between the dielectric constant of investigated object and its surroundings. One of the major advantages of GPR is that it does not damage ground surface as well as it is completely non-invasive and safe for the environment. Moreover, the method is particularly useful in the design and realisation process of linear objects, for among the multiple aspects of its utilization there is recognition of low-bearing organic soils. The discontinuous nature of traditional methods makes it difficult to precisely specify ground layering as well as accurately locate potential anomalies. The analysis carried out in this study shows that GPR technique can detect the boundaries of soil layers, which considerably simplifies ground assessment.
An Integrative Approach RAMS-LCC to Support Decision on Design and Maintenance of Rail Track
Authors: Giammaria Praticò Filippo , Giunta Marinella
Published: September 2017

In this paper a RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety) – LCCA (Life Cycle Cost Analysis) mixed approach is proposed in order to support decisions on design and maintenance strategies of rail tracks. RAMS management, usually applied in railway sector, lacks a life-cycle cost perspective and balance, while LCCA supports decisions on design options and maintenance strategies by means of an economic analysis in which costs and performance are assessed. Therefore, a Decision Support System, based on Life-Cycle Costing (LCC) analysis, should be developed, balancing short and long-term costs with performance (RAMS target). The model proposed accounts for a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis based not only on agency (e.g., construction, inspection, maintenance and renewal), and user costs (e.g., delay-related, etc.), but also on environmental costs (e.g., related to CO2e emissions). For RAMS analysis, a new method to measure the RAMS components and to define an overall indicator is proposed. Results show that the RAMS of a slab track is generally higher than the one of a ballasted track. In terms of present value of two solutions, the breakeven point between them is very far from the end of construction and this may impact public opinion and overall judgment.
Travel Time Map of Szczecin Main Railway Station
Authors: Tomala Joanna , Pokonieczny Krzysztof , Mościcka Albina , Wilbik Anna
Published: September 2017

This article presents the research on time accessibility of public transport. The study concerned the territory of Szczecin and travelling from anywhere in the city to the Main Railway Station. A self-gathering measurement data method was used, which was developed by Authors in earlier studies. Szczecin was selected as the test area because of the shape of the city as well as the location and shape of the excluded areas (areas not accessible to pedestrians or cyclists). Two travel maps were created, for daytime and nighttime public transportation. The study used 162 measurement points arranged in 1x1 km grids. Travel times to the Main Railway Station were calculated with the use of the jakdojade.pl online service. They were calculated for each measurement point and these values were then interpolated with the IDW method. The travel time maps were evaluated by computing the absolute error on the basis of 10 control points. The absolute error was not greater than 4 minutes, what proves very good accuracy of research. The results of the analysis were compared with the population distribution in Szczecin. The interdependence of population distribution and accessibility of the Main Railway Station was analysed.
Comparison of Corneal Deformation Parameters in Keratoconic and Normal Eyes Using a Non-contact Tonometer With a Dynamic Ultra-High-Speed Scheimpflug Camera
Authors: Mercer Ryan N. , Waring George O. , Roberts Cynthia J. , Jhanji Vishal , Wang Yumeng , Filho Joao S. , Hemings Richard A. , Rocha Karolinne M.
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:

To evaluate and compare biomechanical properties in normal and keratoconic eyes using a dynamic ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug camera equipped with a non-contact tonometer (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

METHODS:

This retrospective study evaluated 89 eyes (47 normal, 42 keratoconic) and a validation arm of 72 eyes (33 normal, 39 keratoconic) using the Corvis ST. A diagnosis of keratoconus was established by clinical findings confirmed by topography and tomography. Dynamic corneal response parameters collected by the Corvis ST (A1 velocity, deformation amplitude [DA], DA Ratio Max 1mm, and Max Inverse Radius) and a stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1) were incorporated into a novel logistic regression equation (DCR index). Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the DCR index.

RESULTS:

DA, DA Ratio Max 1mm, Max Inverse Radius, and SP-A1 were each found to be statistically significantly different between normal and keratoconic eyes (Mann–Whitney test [independent samples];
P
= .0077, < .0001, < .0001, and < .0001, respectively; significance level:
P
< .05). DCR index demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and overall correct detection rate (92.9%, 95.7%, and 94.4%, respectively; AUC = 98.5). The sensitivity and overall correct detection rate improved when eyes with Topographical Keratoconus Classification grades (TKC) greater than 0 were reevaluated (from 92.9% to 96.6% and from 94.4% to 96.1%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Combining multiple biomechanical parameters (A1 velocity, DA, DA Ratio Max 1mm, Max Inverse Radius, and SP-A1) into a logistic regression equation allows for high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing keratoconic from normal eyes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):625–631.]
Caregiver’s perception about learning for home care
Authors: Paula Saul Ferraz de , Gehlen Maria Helena , Ventura Jeferson , Zamberlan Cláudia , Rangel Rosiane Filipin , Siqueira Hedi Crecencia Heckler de
Published: September 2017

The objective was to know the perception of the caregiver about the learning needs of care to be performed at home. This is an exploratory descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred through a semi-structured interview, from August to October 2014, with six caregivers of patients hospitalized in a medium-sized hospital in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State. The data were analyzed by the content analysis method, identifying two categories: The caregiver's perception about the learning needs; The attendance of the caregiver's learning needs. The study showed that the learning based on empirical, instinctive and observational methodologies, without the participation of the nurse in the process. There is need to improve this learning. The participation of the nurse as an educator in the planning, organization and development of the educational action stands out, since he/she is part of the care; however, the caregivers did not visualize this professional.
Activated Protein C Attenuates Severe Inflammation by Targeting VLA-3high Neutrophil Subpopulation in Mice
Authors: Sarangi Pranita P. , Lee Hyun-wook , Lerman Yelena V. , Trzeciak Alissa , Harrower Eric J. , Rezaie Alireza R. , Kim Minsoo
Published: September 2017

The host injury involved in multiorgan system failure during severe inflammation is mediated, in part, by massive infiltration and sequestration of hyperactive neutrophils in the visceral organ. A recombinant form of human activated protein C (rhAPC) has shown cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory functions in some clinical and animal studies, but the direct mechanism is not fully understood. Recently, we reported that, during endotoxemia and severe polymicrobial peritonitis, integrin VLA-3 (CD49c/CD29) is specifically upregulated on hyperinflammatory neutrophils and that targeting the VLA-3high neutrophil subpopulation improved survival in mice. In this article, we report that rhAPC binds to human neutrophils via integrin VLA-3 (CD49c/CD29) with a higher affinity compared with other Arg-Gly-Asp binding integrins. Similarly, there is preferential binding of activated protein C (PC) to Gr1highCD11bhighVLA-3high cells isolated from the bone marrow of septic mice. Furthermore, specific binding of rhAPC to human neutrophils via VLA-3 was inhibited by an antagonistic peptide (LXY2). In addition, genetically modified mutant activated PC, with a high affinity for VLA-3, shows significantly improved binding to neutrophils compared with wild-type activated PC and significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration into the lungs of septic mice. These data indicate that variants of activated PC have a stronger affinity for integrin VLA-3, which reveals novel therapeutic possibilities.
Activation of Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Induces CD40L-Dependent Maturation of Monocyte-Derived and Primary Dendritic Cells
Authors: Salio Mariolina , Gasser Olivier , Gonzalez-Lopez Claudia , Martens Anne , Veerapen Natacha , Gileadi Uzi , Verter Jacob G. , Napolitani Giorgio , Anderson Regan , Painter Gavin , Besra Gurdyal S. , Hermans Ian F. , Cerundolo Vincenzo
Published: September 2017

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T cells that recognize intermediates of the vitamin B2 biosynthetic pathway presented by the monomorphic MR1 molecule. It remains unclear whether, in addition to their cytolytic activity that is important in antimicrobial defense, MAIT cells have immune-modulatory functions that could enhance dendritic cell (DC) maturation. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms dictating the interactions between human MAIT cells and DCs and demonstrate that human MAIT cells mature monocyte-derived and primary DCs in an MR1- and CD40L-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that MAIT cell–derived signals synergize with microbial stimuli to induce secretion of bioactive IL-12 by DCs. Activation of human MAIT cells in whole blood leads to MR1- and cytokine-dependent NK cell transactivation. Our results underscore an important property of MAIT cells, which can be of translational relevance to rapidly orchestrate adaptive immunity through DC maturation.
IL-17A Produced by Innate Lymphoid Cells Is Essential for Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Geha Mayya , Tsokos Maria G. , Bosse Robin E. , Sannikova Tatyana , Iwakura Yoichiro , Dalle Lucca Jurandir J. , De Waal Malefyt Rene , Tsokos George C.
Published: September 2017

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the small intestine following clamping of the superior mesenteric artery results in an intense local inflammatory response that is characterized by villous damage and neutrophil infiltration. IL-17A, a cytokine produced by a variety of cells in response to inflammatory cytokines released following tissue injury, has been implicated in IR injury. Using Il17a−/−, Il23r−/−, and Rorc−/− mice and administration of anti–IL-17A and anti–IL-23 neutralizing Abs to wild-type mice, we demonstrate that intestinal IR injury depends on IL-17A and that IL-17A is downstream of the binding of autoantibody to ischemia-conditioned tissues and subsequent complement activation. Using bone marrow chimeras, we demonstrate that the IL-17A required for intestinal IR injury is derived from hematopoietic cells. Finally, by transferring autoantibody-rich sera into Rag2γc−/− and Rag2−/− mice, we demonstrate that innate lymphoid cells are the main producers of IL-17A in intestinal IR injury. We propose that local production of IL-17A by innate lymphoid cells is crucial for the development of intestinal IR injury and may provide a therapeutic target for clinical exploitation.
Slimes benefication using flotation, sphereical agglomeration and flocculation
Authors: Hamza H A
Published: September 2017

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Present and future coal preparation technology for coal combustion
Authors: Mikhail M W
Published: September 2017

yes
Longwall retreat mining with dual life gateroads
Authors: Cain P , Isaac A K
Published: September 2017

Retreat longwall mining, where gateroad formation and coal winning are independent of one another, has been found to give very high rates of output and productivity in both North America and Europe. Major disadvantages of conventional retreat systems include the
large amount of development required and support problems at the face/gateroad junction. In 1978 a new colliery began production near Ammanford in South Wales, laid out completely for retreat working. The colliery plans included one refinement that has proven most effective, that of dual-life
gateroads. The use of the maingate as the tailgate of the adjacent face offers considerable savings in development time and cost. A major part of the success experienced with this installation was due to the involvement of strata control scientists in the design and subsequent modification of the
gateroad support system. In response to the conference theme, trends in U.K. coal mine productivity are described, and methods of increasing productivity and profitability are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of retreat mining systems in general are outlined, and an overview of retreat
mining using duallife gateroads is given. The devotion of a large part of the paper to a case study, including the research investigations undertaken is felt justified by the proposed use of a similar mining method at the Donkin-Morien project. In conclusion, the potential of retreat mining with
dual-life gateroads is confirmed with the proviso that detailed attention must be paid to the correct design of the gateroad support system and its relation to expected changes in mining conditions.
Coal mining in Canada
Authors: Singhal R K
Published: September 2017

The current Canadian coal production is approximately 43 x 10? tonnes per annum. Two-thirds of this output is classified as thermal coal and one-third as coking or metallurgical coal. The three western provinces produce 92 percent of the total, the remainder is
produced by the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick on the eastern coast of Canada. The geological conditions in the western coalfields are markedly different from those in eastern Canada. The bulk of the coal in the western provinces is mined by surface mining methods whereas in eastern
Canada underground mining predominates. This paper provides an overview of the Canadian coal mining, reviewing the general state of the industry with emphasis on current and projected mining techniques.
Undersea longwall mining subsidence with special reference to geological and water occurrence criteria in the north-east of England coalfield
Authors: Aston T R C , Whittaker B N
Published: September 2017

To date the use of classical statistical techniques for the identification and analysis of parameters which control the occurrence of water on longwall panels has proved inconclusive. An alternative and potentially more meaningful approach is to examine the
interaction between the tensile strain induced hy mining and the geological and hydrogeological environment surrounding the workings. After a brief description of the geology and hydrogeology of the NorthEast of England Coalfield, the paper examines in detail the water yield predicted tensile
strain and geological strain water relationship occurring at four collieries with extensive undersea workings: Blackhall, Horden, Dawdon and Westoe. In each case, water occurrences can be correlated with either faces worked in the vicinity of a major fault (where aquifer horizons are displaced
against Coal Measures strata overlying the working horizon) or areas where the amount of cover to the base of the major aquifer horizon thins appreciably or a well developed, potentially water bearing sandstone horizon exists within the intervening Coal Measures strata.
Control point respirable dust sampling at Lingan Colliery 5 west section
Authors: Hwang J C Y , Stewart D B
Published: September 2017

Respirable dust samples were collected at the control point in 5 West section at Lingan Colliery immediately before and during trials of Hoy thru-flush picks on the shearer-loader. This report documents that dust sampling effort.
Underground mine fire control with inerting systems
Authors: Bacharach J P L , Craven A L , Stewart D B
Published: September 2017

Inert gas use for underground mine fire control is a well established mature technology in some parts of the world. This paper reviews three candidate inert gases and describes three case histories where inert gas fire fighting technology was used in actual
underground fires
Note on the geotechnical conditions of the Canadian coalfields
Authors: Das B
Published: September 2017

Coals of all ranks from the age of Devonian to Miocene occur in different parts of Canada under diverse geologic and geotechnical conditions. From the geotechnical point of view the Canadian coalfields can be divided into the following broad groups: Mountains,
Foothills, Plains, Lignite region, Maritimes and the other minor areas across Canada. The prinicpal factors affecting geotechnical characteristics are: rock properties, tectonics, ground stress, ground water, stratigraphy and lithology, dip, depth and coal rank. Both the Mountains and the Plains are
geotechnicaliy problem areas, the former due to tectonics and the latter due to rock properties. Foothills have some better rating in this respect. Saskatchewan Lignite region has some problems due to unconsolidated rocks in surface mining. Maritimes have favourable tectonics but have depositional
and lithologic problems. These characteristic are discussed in this paper.
Analysis of water inflows in the DonkinMorien no. 3 tunnel, Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia
Authors: Aston T R C , MacLeod-LaFosse H
Published: September 2017

The analysis of piezometric levels, water inflows and hydrochemical data at the DonkinMorien Development Project No. 3 tunnel has revealed a flow regime characterised by discontinuity networks rather than intergranular permeability. Above chainage 420 m, water
inflows were encountered from a minor aquifer unit being recharged by percolation travelling down dip from outcrop. Below chainage 420 m, the inflows become predominantly more saline, with recharge occurring either vertically or down dip from seabed, while below chainage 500 m the disappearance of
the aquifer unit resulted in no further inflows being encountered. A freshwater/saltwater interface was identified in the vicinity of chainage 420 m.
Sealing exploration drillholes: an essential part of mine planning
Authors: Bielenstien H U , Anderson H A , Aston T R C
Published: September 2017

Exploration is an essential investment in any future coal mine and should not add to the inevitable mining problems. Any drillholes which penetrate potentially mineable coal seams will link existing aquifers to coal seams and their surrounding strata. Water
reservoirs ranging in size from the North Atlantic to intermittent mountain streams provide sufficient reservoir capacity to create hazardous impacts on potential underground coal mining. Undersea mine tunnels driven into an open, large-diameter drillhole can expect a serious inflow of water, but
one that can be dealt with, in such an operation. Two much more serious impacts on underground operations are the long-term degradation of roof and floor strata (e.g. bentonitic mudstones) and the recharging of potential reservoirs. Large tonnages of coal will be sterilized in these areas. The
petroleum industry has developed sealing materiaLs and an emplacement technology that serves their requirements. The mining industry should use this experience. A design of seals for drillholes and procedures for their emplacement is presented that could perform as effectively as the original rock
strata. The exact type of seals and their location within a drillhole must be determined in each instance. Ideally, well controlled sealing sections should be placed immediately below known aquifers, far enough above potential mining operations to lie in a zone of yielding deformation rather than
brittle failure during subsidence. Providing that testing is performed to determine seal strength and bonding characteristics, the mine planner/operator can then design a mine without having to incorporate potential hazards inherited from early exploration programs.
The use of SF? to determine leakages from an auxiliary ventilation duct in a long single heading
Authors: Stokes A W
Published: September 2017

SF? has numerous uses in resolving complex ventilation problems. The Cape Breton Coal Research Laboratory is committed to developing an instrument capable of measuring SF?, in real-time underground. If this is achieved the uses for SF? underground will be greatly
extended. This report documents a field experiment which was undertaken to collect the control data with which prototype real-time instruments currently being built in-house will be compared. The test used the standard technique of collecting grab samples for analysis back in the laboratory. The
results have been analysed and prepared in a way that will enable easy comparison with direct real-time curves from the tunnel at a later date. The report shows how tracer gas can be used to provide a speedy analysis of a long length of ventilation duct using a single injection. This technique has
great potential for installations like the 7.6 m diameter No. 2 Tunnel of the Donkin Morien mine development where the duct is not easily accessible for more conventional measurement techniques.
The development and validation of a truck and shovel computer model
Authors: Srajer V
Published: September 2017

The Calgary Coal Research Laboratory of CANMET and the National Research Council in Ottawa are developing a series of computer models aimed at improving productivity and operational practices of the Canadian surface coal mining industry. One of the top priorities
in this respect is a comprehensive computer model of truck/shovel systems. A total of twelve mining companies supplied data for validation purposes. The supplied data, operating practices and variances of individual mining systems from the general version of the computer models are discussed in the
paper. A short overview of the truck/shovel model and a plan for future activities involving the application of the computer models for simulation of mining practices are also described. The presented paper summarizes the experience gained during the collection of data for the development and
validation of the model.
Photoacoustic and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra of Kaolinite
Authors: Zwinkels J C , Donini J C , Michaelian K H
Published: September 2017

FTIR spectra of kaolinite have been obtained in the near-, mid- and far-infrared using photoacoustic detection, and in the mid- and far-infrared by diffuse reflectance techniques. Differences between the photoacoustic and diffuse reflectance spectra have been
investigated and the common explanations for such results were discounted. Assignments of a number of near- and far infrared bands are also proposed.
Near, mid, and farinfrared protoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Donini J C , Michaelian K H
Published: September 2017

Near-, mid-, and far-infrared photoacoustic spectra are obtainable using a commercial FTIR spectrometer and cell. Several sources of noise in these spectra are discussed and some strategies which reduce this noise are mentioned. The near- and far-infrared regions
are made accessible by the use of appropriate optics and, in addition for the near-infrared, by reduction in the speed of the interferometer moving mirror.
Numerical evaluation of coal preparation density separators performance
Authors: Salama A I A
Published: September 2017

The probable error and error area are the most commonly used parameters for performance evaluation of coal preparation density separators. Based on expressing the density separator partition curve mathematically, mathematical expressions for the probable error
and error area are derived. The derived expressions offer advantages over existing, methods in avoiding the graphical representation of the partition curve and the numerical integration used in the evaluation of the error area. The proposed approach can be easily implemented on digital
computers.
Selective mining, homogenization and blending of Canada's higher sulphur thermal coals
Authors: Singhal R K
Published: September 2017

Canada is blessed with large reserves of low sulphur (minus 1 percent) thermal coal of bituminous rank, much of which is located close to the eastern and western seaboard to make coal exportation a major and expanding industry. Contained within these potential
export coal reserves, is a relatively small proportion ot coal with higher sulphur content (up to about 8 percent). Such coal has other redeeming qualities which have demanded its inclusion in the mineable reserves planned for utilization, although inclusion of such coal in export products is at
present, extremely limited. In eastern Canada, where the majority of the higher sulphur containing coal occurs, mining production capacity is currently about 3 million tonnes of which about 75% is metallurgical coking coal. In western Canada, no higher sulphur coal reserves are at present being
mined, although reserves of bituminous coal with 1-3% sulphur exist close enough to the coast to represent a strong future potential export source. This paper describes the factors which must be considered during the 4 planning or simultaneous extraction of coal seams of variable sulphur
content. Similar discussion is included of the coal preparation requirements in terms of blending and homogenization prior to utilization as thermal coal. In the context of both mining and preparation, current research and development work in Canada is also described.
Development of reactivity parameters for characterization of coal in fluidized bed combustion
Authors: Lau I T
Published: September 2017

yes
Rock bolting and the influence of confining stress induced in the rock mass
Authors: Das B , Stimpson B
Published: September 2017

Strength increase arising from compressive stress induced by bolting is one of the modes or mechanisms of rock bolt support and is due to the creation of a triaxial state of stress. The non-linear nature of Mohr's envelope and its slope at low confining pressure
are of great significance in this analysis. The quality of rock, that is RMR (Rock Mass Ratings), and NGI's (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute) Q value as well as the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock are correlated with the strength increase of the rock mass. The rock quality criteria in
this respect are the change in internal friction and cohesion with confining pressure. The operational factors such as bolt diameter and bolt spacings are also investigated in this study. More favorable results of strength increase are generally obtained for the poorer quality of rock, larger bolt
diameter and reduced bolt spacings. Site specific operational constraints and economics also obviously influence the degree of strength increase that can be achieved in practice. All these aspects are discussed in this paper.
Coal reserves in Canada: 1985
Authors: Naidu H G
Published: September 2017

L'évaluation des réserves houillères au Canada est effectuée à tous les deux ans par le Centre canadien de la technologie des minéraux et de l'énergie (CANMET), Énergie, Mines et Ressources (EMR). La dernière
évaluation des réserves et de la qualité du charbon a été publiée en novembre 1984 dans le rapport ERP/CRL 84-37 (TR). Le présent rapport comprend une mise à jour des données sur les réserves et la qualité du charbon jusqu'à décembre
1985 inclusivement mais n'inclut pas les données récentes relatives à l'évaluation des ressources, ces données étant présentement compilées par la Commission géologique du Canada. La plupart des réserves de charbon de la Nouvelle-Écosse
(N.-É.) se trouvent à la houillère de Sydney. Tel que mentionné dans le rapport précédent, le projet Donkin Morien, exploité par la Société de développement du Cap-Breton, a été un apport considérable aux réserves
récupérables de la Nouvelle-Écosse. Depuis, aucun changement important ne s'est produit., Les réserves de charbon du Nouveau-Brunswick n'ont subi aucune modification depuis le dernier rapport, la seule différence se situant au niveau de la production pour les années
1984 et 1985. La situation du gisement d'Onakawana en Ontario, au sud de la Baie de James, est demeurée stable. En raison de la situation économique, le développement de cette concession pour la production d'électricité a été remis à plus tard. Dans le cas de
la Saskatchewan, les travaux relatifs à la derivation des réserves de charbon des houillères de Estevan et Willowbunch sont terminés. Les chiffres publiés dans le présent rapport sont les mêmes que ceux présentés dans le rapport précédant à
l'exclusion des données sur la production pour les années 1984-1985. Le nombre des réserves de charbon récupérables de l'Alberta a augmenté parce que les données récentes sur les projets McLeod River et Mercoal ont été tirées du rapport ERCB
publié en 1984. En raison de la situation faible du marché, ces deux projets sont en attente. Certains exploitants poursuivent leurs efforts pour trouver des marchés en vue d'exporter vers les États-Unis le pouvoir électrique dérivé de la combustion du charbon. En
Colombie-Britannique, les travaux relatifs aux projets Quinsam et Mt. Klappan se poursuivent. Il est possible que ces projets soient développés si on trouve des marchés pour écouler le produit. Aucune activité n'a été effectuée au projet de Hat Creek depuis le
dernier rapport. Les données sur les réserves de la Colombie-Britannique, à l'exclusion des données relatives à la production pour les années 1984-1985, sont les mêmes que celles qui ont été publiées dans le dernier rapport. Au tableau 1 figure un
résumé des changements qui se sont produits au niveau des quantités de charbon récupérables présentées dans (1) et dans ce rapport. Les points saillants concernant la performance de l'industrie du charbon en 1985 sont présentés à l'Annexe
A.
An investigation into the effect of varying water pressure and flow rates upon the release of airborne respirable dust by a DOSCO MKIIB roadheader equipped with a water jet assisted cutting head
Authors: Haslett G A , Corbett G R , Young D A
Published: September 2017

There are currently some 20 roadheaders equipped with a water jet assist feature operating within the western world. Five of these, some 25% of the total, are operating in the development of the Cape Breton Development Corporation (CBDC) new Phalen mine. The
opportunity was taken to conduct an investigation into the effects that a range of medium pressure jet assistances might have upon the production of respirable airborne dust. The roadheader selected is cutting a decline tunnel that is supported by heat-treated, U-shaped steel arches of internal
dimensions 5.5 m width by 3.75 m height. These dimensions give an approximate excavated cross-sectional area of 17.7 m2 . The decline tunnel is being driven in the Phalen Seam. Variations in seam height and gradient resulted in a decline tunnel face of between 28% and 61% rock including
siltstones, mudstones and sandstones.
Operations research discussion document
Authors: Srajer V , Kolada R , Stuart N , Szymanski J
Published: September 2017

Operations research includes the application of system analysis to mining operations, the acquisition of field data and the creation and verification of computer models of these operations. The result is computerized mine planning tools with firm bases in
observational facts. The Surface Mining Laboratory with the Systems Laboratory of the National Research Council have been engaged in operations research activities since 1982. Work on truck/shovel,BWE/conveyor/bin and dragline operations models are underway. This document outlines proposed research
projects for the Operations Research group for the next five years. The opinions and comments of the Canadian mining industry are solicited with regard to the proposed research plans of the group and the mining industry is invited to participate in the direction and conduct of future research
programs.
Mineralogical composition of respirable coal mine dust
Authors: Hwang C Y
Published: September 2017

A methodology for the determination of the mineralogical compositions of coal mine dust is proposed. The analytical work is intended to determine the true weight percentages of the major minerals contained in airborne dust collected on filters by field personal
sampling and fixed location sampling. The techniques employ X-ray diffraction spectrometry and scanning electron and scanning transmission electron micro-analyses. Methods of specimen preparation and of the transfer of the dust samples from membrane filters to specimen holders are also
described.
Application of bucket wheel technology to Canadian coal mines
Authors: Srajer V , Sedlacek J
Published: September 2017

The usefulness of bucket wheel excavators has been amply demonstrated in mining applications throughout the world. In Canada this technology has been sucessfully applied to the mining of oil sands in Alberta and is currently being considered for coal mines in the
plains region of Western Canada. This paper describes the coal regions in Canada where potential applications of bucket wheel technology exist. Some of the factors, leading to selection of BWE's, such as geology, geotechnology and geographic location of each region and their effect on the ease of
installation and operation of the bucket wheels, are presented. Applicability to both excavation of overburden and/or coal were investigated. Also discussed are the specific mining properties that could benefit most from the use of bucket wheels, employed either as the primary excavator or used in
conjunction with other equipment.
Basic consideration in selection of bucket wheel excavators
Authors: Singhal R K , Golosinski T S
Published: September 2017

Bucket-wheel excavators are the prime component of a continuous mining system. This paper highlights the potential application of such machines with emphasis on selection procedures, method of operation, design and production performance
parameters.
Sensitivity analysis of production and power consumption to various constructional and operating factors using a computer based simulation conveyor - bin/hopper model
Authors: Szymanski J K
Published: September 2017

The following report analyzes the sensitivity of production and power consumption to various constructional and operating parameters using a controllable simulation conveyor - bin/hopper model. This interactive computer simulation model of conveyor systems in oil
sands mining has been developed by the National Research Council and Canstar Oil Sands Ltd.
Automation and remote control of continuous mining systems for surface mining of oil sands
Authors: Singhal R K , Golosinski T S
Published: September 2017

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Computer aided rapid determination of the explosibility of mine fire gases
Authors: Klinowski W G
Published: September 2017

There is an obvious need for systematic and accurate records of the mine atmosphere composition during an emergency created by an underground fire or heating. Fast and precise information on the explosibility limits and on any trends and changes in the fire gases
composition is essential for the efficient planning and modification of the fire fighting strategy. The computer program rapidly calculates and plots the explosibility diagram (Coward's Triangle) for the entered results of the fire atmosphere analysis.
Grapher program software
Authors: Srajer V , Stuart N J , Heximer M , Veldhuis W , Neumiller C
Published: September 2017

In this report, the graphing program "GRAPHER° is described. The program can produce three different types of graphs: normal distribution, linear regression, and multiple lines on the same graph. The graphs are displayed on a terminal screen that has
graphics capability and plotted by the connected plotter.
Theoretical aspects of parallel coal processing circuits optimization and m-curve
Authors: Salama A I A
Published: September 2017

The problem of determining the optimum cutpoints of separation for processing different coals or different size ranges of a coal in parallel coal processing circuits which produce an overall product of maximum yield or mass flow rate at specified ash or sulphur
level is investigated. The processed products are blended with raw coal stream. Mayer curves (M-curves) based on actual data are utilized to illustrate the results obtained.
La publicidad en el punto de venta: influencia en la imagen corporal infantil
Authors: Jiménez-Marín Gloria , García Medina Irene , Bellido-Pérez Elena
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se estudia la representación del cuerpo infantil en el punto de venta de los establecimientos de moda infantil, con el objetivo de analizar la imagen corporal proyectada en dichos establecimientos dirigidos a niños, como consumidores, y a sus padres, como compradores. Metodología: Para ello se han analizado, a través de la observación como método, una serie de variables (delgadez, altura, etc.) aplicadas a los componentes del punto de venta. Este análisis se ha realizado sobre una muestra de 50 establecimientos pertenecientes a 18 marcas de moda infantil. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos arrojan luz sobre realidades analizadas en investigaciones previas, como la desafección de los niños por su cuerpo o los desórdenes alimentarios relativos a ello, puesto que la mayoría de establecimientos tienden a generar imágenes de niños-adultos irreales.
JASMIN-based Two-dimensional Adaptive Combined Preconditioner for Radiation Diffusion Equations in Inertial Fusion Research
Authors: Yue Xiaoqiang , Xu Xiaowen , Shu Shi
Published: September 2017

We present a JASMIN-based two-dimensional parallel implementation of an adaptive combined preconditioner for the solution of linear problems arising in the finite volume discretisation of one-group and multi-group radiation diffusion equations. We first propose the attribute of patch-correlation for cells of a two-dimensional monolayer piecewise rectangular structured grid without any suspensions based on the patch hierarchy of JASMIN, classify and reorder these cells via their attributes, and derive the conversion of cell-permutations. Using two cell-permutations, we then construct some parallel incomplete LU factorisation and substitution algorithms, to provide our parallel -GMRES solver with the help of the default BoomerAMG in the HYPRE library. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed parallel incomplete LU preconditioner (ILU) is of higher efficiency than the counterpart in the Euclid library, and that the proposed parallel -GMRES solver is more robust and more efficient than the default BoomerAMG-GMRES solver.
Sociologische verbeeldingskracht in de wijk
Authors: Reitsma Baukje , Ghorashi Halleh , Smets Peer
Published: September 2017

Volgens Mills kan sociologie zonder verbeeldingskracht louter informatie produceren, en dit tijdperk heeft meer informatie dan het aankan. Voor sociologische verbeeldingskracht hebben we verhalen nodig die belevingen en ervaringen van mensen laten zien, om op deze manier de complexiteit van het leven te kunnen vatten en verbindingen tot stand te kunnen brengen. ‘De praktijk van een sociologische verbeelding vraagt om werk over verbindingen, dialogen en gesprekken, geen waarheden of monologen’ (Jacobsen en Tester 2014: 13). Maar voor nieuwe verbindingen is er meer nodig dan gemeenschappelijke zorgen of idealen. Er zijn condities en competenties nodig om de gemeenschappelijke ruimtes die vaak door afstand, afkeer of angst gevuld zijn, te veranderen in betekenisvolle ruimtes waarin onderlinge uitwisseling van ervaringen en visies centraal staat. In dit artikel presenteren we een casus over de betekenis van een academisch geëngageerd project in een wijk, VoorUit. De auteurs van dit artikel zijn al gedurende zo’n tien jaar betrokken bij dit project (als student, coördinator, begeleider, stuurgroepslid en/of onderzoeker). In 2015 zijn er twee focusgroepen gevormd waarin verhalen van participerende studenten in dit project zijn verzameld. Aan de focusgroepen deden negen oud-deelnemers uit de jaren tussen 2009 en 2014 mee (zeven vrouwen en twee mannen). Beide bijeenkomsten duurden ongeveer twee uur. De studenten gingen met elkaar in gesprek over de redenen van hun deelname en ervaringen tijdens het project en welke rol VoorUit na hun deelname nog speelde in hun dagelijks leven.