bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximum likelihood estimation based on Newton–Raphson iteration for the bivariate random effects model in test accuracy meta-analysis
Authors: Willis Brian H , Baragilly Mohammed , Coomar Dyuti
Published: June 2019

A bivariate generalised linear mixed model is often used for meta-analysis of test accuracy studies. The model is complex and requires five parameters to be estimated. As there is no closed form for the likelihood function for the model, maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters have to be obtained numerically. Although generic functions have emerged which may estimate the parameters in these models, they remain opaque to many. From first principles we demonstrate how the maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters may be obtained using two methods based on Newton–Raphson iteration. The first uses the profile likelihood and the second uses the Observed Fisher Information. As convergence may depend on the proximity of the initial estimates to the global maximum, each algorithm includes a method for obtaining robust initial estimates. A simulation study was used to evaluate the algorithms and compare their performance with the generic generalised linear mixed model function glmer from the lme4 package in R before applying them to two meta-analyses from the literature. In general, the two algorithms had higher convergence rates and coverage probabilities than glmer. Based on its performance characteristics the method of profiling is recommended for fitting the bivariate generalised linear mixed model for meta-analysis.
Correcting for non-participation bias in health surveys using record-linkage, synthetic observations and pattern mixture modelling
Authors: Gray Linsay , Gorman Emma , White Ian R , Katikireddi S Vittal , McCartney Gerry , Rutherford Lisa , Leyland Alastair H
Published: June 2019

Surveys are key means of obtaining policy-relevant information not available from routine sources. Bias arising from non-participation is typically handled by applying weights derived from limited socio-demographic characteristics. This approach neither captures nor adjusts for differences in health and related behaviours between participants and non-participants within categories. We addressed non-participation bias in alcohol consumption estimates using novel methodology applied to 2003 Scottish Health Survey responses record-linked to prospective administrative data. Differences were identified in socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol-related harm (hospitalisation or mortality) and all-cause mortality between survey participants and, from unlinked administrative sources, the contemporaneous general population of Scotland. These were used to infer the number of non-participants within each subgroup defined by socio-demographics and health outcomes. Synthetic observations for non-participants were then generated, missing only alcohol consumption. Weekly alcohol consumption values among synthetic non-participants were multiply imputed under missing at random and missing not at random assumptions. Relative to estimates adjusted using previously derived weights, the obtained mean weekly alcohol intake estimates were up to 59% higher among men and 16% higher among women, depending on the assumptions imposed. This work demonstrates the universal value of multiple imputation-based methodological advancement incorporating administrative health data over routine weighting procedures.
A Hallmark Clinical Study of Cord Blood Therapy in Adults with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sanberg Paul R. , Ehrhart Jared
Published: June 2019

The therapeutic application of human umbilical cord blood cells has been an area of great interest for at least the last 25 years. Currently, cord blood cells are approved for reconstitution of the bone marrow following myeloablation in both young and old patients with myeloid malignancies and other blood cancers. Translational studies investigating alternative uses of cord blood have also shown that these cells not only stimulate neurogenesis in the aged brain but are also potentially therapeutic in the treatment of adult neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson’s disease. Recent advances in the clinical application of cord blood cells by Dr. Joanne Kurtzberg and colleagues have found that non-HLA matched allogeneic banked cord blood units in immunocompetent patients with ischemic stroke are safe and well tolerated. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action that provide the beneficial effects observed from a cord blood cell-based therapy are currently unknown, several studies using models of neurodegenerative disease have shown these cells are immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory. Thus, any future clinical studies investigating the efficacy of this cord blood cell therapeutic would strongly benefit from the inclusion of methodologies to determine changes in both markers of inflammation and the response of immune tissues, such as the spleen, in subjects receiving cell infusion.
‘Definitely Wrong’? The Ministry of Pensions’ Treatment of Mentally Ill Great War Veterans in Interwar British and Irish Society
Authors: Robinson Michael
Published: June 2019

Shell-shock has been well examined in literary and wartime works although marginalized in post-war studies into the experience of British Army veterans of the Great War. Attention to the history of the Ministry of Pensions, the British governmental department created to provide for disabled British ex-servicemen, complicates previous criticisms of the department and its supposed inactivity in rehabilitating the mentally ill veteran. Initial attempts to treat the mentally ill veteran were progressive and innovative. However, financial stringency imposed by the British Treasury undermined the Ministry of Pensions’ efforts to cure the shell-shocked veteran as did wider societal attitudes which stigmatized the mentally ill.
Oncotic pressure and the effects of water deprivation in healthy captive Asian elephants
Authors: Hall Natalie H. , Hall James S. , Wiedner Ellen , Stacy Nicole I. , Bandt Carsten , Isaza Ramiro
Published: June 2019

We evaluated the oncotic pressure (plasma colloid osmotic pressure, πc) in a group of healthy, captive Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus; n = 21) with a colloid osmometer with a membrane cutoff of >20,000 daltons. The median πc for these elephants was 26.3 mm Hg with an interquartile interval of 25.5–26.8 mm Hg. The mean πc value was 26.0 mm Hg ± SD 1.1. We found moderate correlation between albumin measured by electrophoresis and πc ( r = 0.622; p = 0.003). After a 16-h water deprivation test in a subset of elephants ( n = 16), a difference in πc was not detected, despite a significant increase in serum total proteins, urea, and osmolality. These results indicate that πc is not a sensitive indicator of hydration status in elephants after a short period of water deprivation. Use of oncotic pressure as a diagnostic tool in diseased Asian elephants warrants further investigation.
Identification and differentiation of avian Mycoplasma species using MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Baudler Liane , Scheufen Sandra , Ziegler Luisa , Möller Palau-Ribes Franca , Ewers Christa , Lierz Michael
Published: June 2019

The identification of avian Mycoplasma spp. by conventional immunologic, phenotypic, and molecular methods can be demanding and time-consuming. We evaluated MALDI-TOF MS for its suitability to identify avian mycoplasmas at the species level. We generated a mycoplasma spectral database of 36 main spectrum profiles (MSPs) representing 23 avian Mycoplasma spp. using 23 type and reference strains, 1 live vaccine strain, and 8 clinical isolates. We then used 112 avian Mycoplasma clinical isolates of different avian mycoplasmas, 4 Mycoplasma live vaccine strains, and 1 Mycoplasma type strain, previously cultured and identified to the species level by molecular methods, to evaluate the MSP database. Protein extraction and MALDI-TOF MS analysis were performed with a maximum of 3 repetitions per isolate. MALDI-TOF MS resulted in accurate species-level identification with a score of ≥2.0 for 112 of 117 (96%) isolates. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis of 4 of 5 isolates that did not yield a score of ≥2.0 resulted in best-match identifications that were still concordant at species level with the molecular method used for previous identification. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for reliable identification of avian Mycoplasma spp.
An International Study of Pro/Antisocial Behavior in Young Adults
Authors: Basto-Pereira Miguel , Queiroz-Garcia Inês , Maciel Laura , Leal Isabel , Gouveia-Pereira Maria
Published: June 2019

This article presents an international study of pro/antisocial behavior in young adults (SOCIALDEVIANCE1820). This is an ongoing cross-continental longitudinal research project that includes data and researchers from multiple countries across five continents. It aims to explore the intercultural universality of the risk and protective factors associated with pro/antisocial behavior and psychosocial adjustment during early adulthood. Researchers from all countries involved have already translated their questionnaires, selected an appropriate team, and started the data collection process. It is expected that this intercontinental longitudinal research project will have a tremendous social and scientific impact; this study will allow researchers to overcome many limitations of previous meta-analyses, such as limiting the applicability of data to developed countries and the bias caused by combining different assessment methods. Challenges in implementing cross-national studies, and the importance of this type of study to global policies, are discussed.
Sharing #home on Instagram
Authors: Barbour Kim , Heise Lydia
Published: June 2019

The term ‘home’ can mean many things. Indeed, the contested nature of the term has caused some scholars simply to dismiss it as useless. However, homes have an undeniable importance to our sense of self. They link us to current or past geographic locations that indicate national or cultural identities, allow us to display our taste and interests through consumer activity, and are places where we engage in leisure activities. Increasingly, we share the images we take in and of our homes widely with others, transcending the boundaries of the family photograph album. Through this study of images shared publicly on Instagram, we investigate the ways that people ‘visibilise’ their sense of home in order to share it with others. We can see through this data the interplays between public and private, domestic and commercial, that digital photography and applications like Instagram have brought to light.
Using sound pressure level and vibration velocity method to determine sound reduction index of lightweight partitions
Authors: Shehap AM , A Mahmoud Abd Elfattah , Mohamed Hatem Kh
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, lightweight building structures are widely used by the construction industry as a more natural and cost-effective method. The purpose of this study is to compare between sound pressure level and vibration velocity method for sound reduction index determination for single- and double-leaf gypsum board partitions. The sound pressure level method was carried out according to the requirements of ISO 140-3:1997, and the vibration velocity method (V) was carried out according to some criteria of ISO 10848-1:2006. Regarding double-leaf partitions, measurements were carried out with the leaves separated by 5- and 10-cm air gaps. The effect of cavity filling with absorbing materials was studied experimentally. The space between the leaves was filled with Rockwool and polyurethane to illustrate the effect of cavity absorption on the sound reduction index behavior. It was found that there is good agreement between the two methods. Also, cavity filling with a 10-cm absorbing material such as Rockwool increases the sound reduction index at the critical frequency by 7 dB using sound pressure method and 4 dB using vibration velocity method.
Influence of the track structure on the vertical dynamic interaction analysis of the low-to-medium-speed maglev train-bridge system
Authors: Wang Dangxiong , Li Xiaozhen , Liang Lin , Qiu Xiaowei
Published: June 2019

The low-to-medium-speed maglev train is stably suspended near the rated suspension gap. The suspension force acts directly on the track and is transmitted to the bridge. The maglev track structure is novel, and the influence mechanism of the track structure on the coupled vibration of the maglev train-bridge system is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we propose vertical dynamic interaction models of the low-to-medium-speed maglev train-bridge system and the low-to-medium-speed maglev train-track-bridge system to analyse the influence mechanism of the maglev track structure on the vertical dynamic interaction of the low-to-medium-speed maglev train-bridge system. The vibration characteristics of the F-rail and the influence mechanism of the track structure on the dynamic responses of the bridge are discussed in detail. The study verifies that the local deformation of the F-rail is self-evident and cannot be ignored. In addition, the influence of the F-rail on the dynamic interaction of the maglev train-bridge system is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the vibration of the bridge in the high-frequency band increases due to the high frequency and intensive local vibration of the F-rail itself. Second, the vibrations of the bridge and the F-rail in the low-frequency band increase due to the periodic irregularities caused by the local deformation of the F-rail. In this study, we consider the vertical dynamic interaction model of the low-to-medium-speed maglev train-track-bridge system.
A non-target structural displacement measurement method using advanced feature matching strategy
Authors: Dong Chuan-Zhi , Catbas F Necati
Published: June 2019

Most of the existing vision-based displacement measurement methods require manual speckles or targets to improve the measurement performance in non-stationary imagery environments. To minimize the use of manual speckles and targets, feature points regarded as virtual markers can be utilized for non-target measurement. In this study, an advanced feature matching strategy is presented, which replaces the handcrafted descriptors with learned descriptors called Visual Geometry Group, of the University of Oxford descriptors to achieve better performance. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method is verified by comparative studies with a laboratory experiment on a two-span bridge model and then with a field application on a railway bridge. The proposed approach of integrated use of Scale Invariant Feature Transform and Visual Geometry Group improved the measurement accuracy by about 24% when compared with the commonly used existing feature matching-based displacement measurement method using Scale Invariant Feature Transform feature and descriptor.
Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the visible light photocatalytic oxidation process of toluene for indoor building materials with locally doped titanium dioxide
Authors: Nakahara Koki , Muttakin Mahbubul , Yamamoto Kiyoshi , Ito Kazuhide
Published: June 2019

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the promising methods that can precisely predict non-uniform air flow and contaminant distribution in indoor environments. The overarching objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model for describing the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reaction mechanism of gas phase toluene with titanium dioxide (TiO2)-bound indoor building materials. This mathematical model was developed based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood type kinetics and for the integration with CFD simulations as a wall surface boundary condition. The effects of gas phase toluene concentration, illuminance and humidity on the toluene oxidation reaction were considered with locally TiO2-doped building materials. Especially, humidity dependence was explicitly integrated as a competitive adsorption model between toluene and water vapour. Moreover, surface compositions of TiO2 and the substrate (ceramic tile in this study), and the physical adsorption properties of those materials, were modelled and integrated into the mathematical model. A 0.02 m3 chamber experiment and adsorption isotherm measurements were conducted to identify the model parameters. CFD analysis was carried out according to experimental scenarios, and an optimization procedure for the model parameters was proposed for their application as the boundary conditions in the CFD analysis.
Development of a natural light reproduction system for maintaining the circadian rhythm
Authors: Kim Kyeong-Mi , Kim Young-Won , Oh Seung-Taek , Lim Jae-Hyun
Published: June 2019

Circadian rhythm is linked to sleep, arousal and human health overall, affecting body temperature and heart rate. A 24-h natural-light cycle provides optimum lighting environment for humans. However, as people increasingly stay indoors with artificial lighting, lacking periodic characteristics, imbalance in the circadian rhythm ensues. Previous lighting-related studies to resolve such problem partially provided the colour temperatures of natural light but failed to reproduce the 24-h periodic characteristics of it. This study proposes a natural light-reproducing system that provides the daylight cycle characteristics of natural light in order to maintain the circadian rhythm. Natural light was measured through an optical measurement equipment, while the characteristics (colour temperature and short-wavelength ratio) of natural light by season and time were analysed. Subsequently, the control indicator of seasonal and hourly lighting was extracted and applied to the light-emitting diode lighting to provide lighting service, executing a daylight cycle that reflects the characteristics of natural light. After the sunset, especially, the circadian rhythm was maintained by minimizing the short-wavelength ratio of the lighting while maintaining indoor illumination.
Scale construction: Valid measurement instrument for diabetes patient engagement
Authors: Thomas Bejoy John , Ganesan Suganya
Published: June 2019

The study focuses on developing a tool to measure the engagement of diabetes patients and to explore its dimensions. This study was based on descriptive research design and purposive sampling method. Personal interview was conducted among the doctors to ascertain the face and content validity of the questionnaire. Subsequently, interview was conducted with the patients and exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the number of items in the diabetes patient engagement scale. Diabetes patient engagement measurement model resulted in seven dimensions consisting of 21 items. The dimensions patient satisfaction, patient initiatives, organized health care, informed choice, health promotion, and prevention are unidimensional factors, and the dimension self-management (routine and clinical assessment) is multidimensional. This study confirmed the validity of the new multidimensional diabetes patient engagement scale to assess and measure the intensity of engagement of the patient with their respective care towards doctor and hospital. Practical implication is to facilitate in predicting and determining the engagement level of patient with their health care provider, which increases good health outcomes and quality of life.
An acceptance, role transition, and couple dynamics-based program for caregivers: A qualitative study of the experience of spouses of persons with young-onset dementia
Authors: Larochette Clotilde , Wawrziczny Emilie , Papo David , Pasquier Florence , Antoine Pascal
Published: June 2019

Objective

In this study, we assessed a support program based on acceptance, role transition, and couple dynamics for spouses of people with young-onset dementia. The qualitative feedback from the caregivers’ experience is analyzed. The goal was to explore how this home-based support program is perceived and to appraise the impact of the different approaches that were offered.

Design

A thematic analysis was conducted on the answers to the end-of-session questionnaires and the follow-up semistructured interviews.

Results

Five themes emerged from the analyses. They highlighted caregivers’ ability to overcome their emotional struggle as well as the control of their loved one’s behaviors. The results also showed the possibility for caregivers to access new ways to support their loved ones and to maintain the quality of their relationship.

Conclusion

These findings represent preliminary evidence of this program’s efficacy for caregivers.
A Clinical Case Demonstrating the Effectiveness of an Individualized Multimodal Intervention for Chronic Pain and Cognitive Sequelae Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Scott Rosanna , Sherod Megan
Published: June 2019

Chronic pain and cognitive difficulties are common secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, given the vast heterogeneity in TBI presentation, no empirically supported treatments specific to TBI exist. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of an empirically informed multimodal treatment, in which treatment components were selected based on the patient’s individual symptoms and delivered in a manner cognizant of the patient’s cognitive profile. Treatment incorporated components of cognitive behavioral therapy, physical intervention, mindfulness, sleep hygiene, distress tolerance, and cognitive rehabilitation. Pain, sleep, and therapy-related activities were logged daily. Treatment progress was further measured with the Beck Depression Inventory–II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Satisfaction With Life Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index. The patient reported a significant reduction in pain (average pain rating reduced from 8.5-9 to 6.90 on the numerical rating scale [NRS]) and reported experiencing his least painful day in “years” (i.e., pain rating of 3). The patient reported improvements in mood and sleep, increased engagement in physical/other pleasant activities, and improved academic performance. The patient is currently not pursuing opioids or surgical intervention for pain. This case demonstrates the importance of utilization of neuropsychological data in the identification of treatment goals, appropriate treatment selection, and implementation of suitable techniques. This approach can provide neurologically atypical individuals with interventions that better address their symptom presentation and maximize prognosis.
Semi-supervised tri-Adaboost algorithm for network intrusion detection
Authors: Yuan Yali , Huo Liuwei , Yuan Yachao , Wang Zhixiao
Published: June 2019

Network intrusion detection is a relatively mature research topic, but one that remains challenging particular as technologies and threat landscape evolve. Here, a semi-supervised tri-Adaboost (STA) algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm, three different Adaboost algorithms are used as the weak classifiers (both for continuous and categorical data), constituting the decision stumps in the tri-training method. In addition, the chi-square method is used to reduce the dimension of feature and improve computational efficiency. We then conduct extensive numerical studies using different training and testing samples in the KDDcup99 dataset and discover the flows demonstrated that (1) high accuracy can be obtained using a training dataset which consists of a small number of labeled and a large number of unlabeled samples. (2) The algorithm proposed is reproducible and consistent over different runs. (3) The proposed algorithm outperforms other existing learning algorithms, even with only a small amount of labeled data in the training phase. (4) The proposed algorithm has a short execution time and a low false positive rate, while providing a desirable detection rate.
Associations Between Masculine Norms and Health-Care Utilization in Highly Religious, Heterosexual Men
Authors: Novak Josh R. , Peak Terry , Gast Julie , Arnell Melinda
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to use focus groups to explore married men’s avoidance of health-care utilization. Five focus groups of 8 to 10 married, heterosexual, male participants ( N = 44) were conducted and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Several important themes emerged connected to how masculine norms were associated with health-care utilization at several domains including at the organizational level ( perceptions of doctors), interpersonal level ( past family context and current family context), and individual level ( illness severity, money concerns). These themes were all connected with the societal theme of masculine norms, where men’s reasons for health-care utilization (or underutilization) seemed in large part to emerge because of their perceptions of male gender roles. Implications for married men’s health-care utilization and health prevention education will be discussed.
Eating Disorders in Males: How Primary Care Providers Can Improve Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Sangha Simrin , Oliffe John L. , Kelly Mary T. , McCuaig Fairleth
Published: June 2019

Eating disorders are complex and multifactorial illnesses that affect a broad spectrum of individuals across the life span. Contrary to historic societal beliefs, this disorder is not gender-specific. Lifetime prevalence of eating disorders in males is on the rise and demanding the attention of primary care providers, as well as the general population, in order to negate the potentially life-threatening complications. Current literature has continued to reinforce the notion that eating disorders predominately affect females by excluding males from research, thereby adding to the void in men-centered knowledge and targeted clinical care. To determine what is currently known about eating disorders among males, a scoping review was undertaken, which identified 15 empirical studies that focused on this topic. Using the Garrard matrix to extract and synthesize the findings across these studies, this scoping review provides an overview of the contributing and constituting factors of eating disorders in males by exploring the associated stigmas, risk factors, experiences of men diagnosed with an eating disorder, and differing clinical presentations. The synthesized evidence is utilized to discuss clinical recommendations for primary care providers, inclusive of male-specific treatment plans, as a means to improving care for this poorly understood and emerging men’s health issue.
Collision avoidance planning for unmanned surface vehicle based on eccentric expansion
Authors: Song Lifei , Chen Zhuo , Dong Zaopeng , Xiang Zuquan , Mao Yunsheng , Su Yiran , Hu Kai
Published: June 2019

The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) specify certain navigation rules for ships at risk for collision. Theoretically, the safety of unmanned surface vehicles and traffic boats would be guaranteed when they comply with the COLREGS. However, if traffic boats do not comply with the demands of the convention, thereby increasing the danger level, then adhering to the COLREGS may be dangerous for the unmanned surface vehicle. In this article, a dynamic obstacle avoidance algorithm for unmanned surface vehicles based on eccentric expansion was developed. This algorithm is used to solve the possible failure of collision avoidance when the unmanned surface vehicle invariably obeys the COLREGS during the avoidance process. An obstacle avoidance model based on the velocity obstacle method was established. Thereafter, an eccentric expansion operation on traffic boats was proposed to ensure a reasonable balance between safety and the rules of COLREGS. The expansion parameters were set according to the rules of COLREGS and the risk level of collision. Then, the collision avoidance parameters were calculated based on the aforementioned motion model. With the use of MATLAB and Unity software, a semi-physical simulation platform was established to perform the avoidance simulation experiment under different situations. Results show the validity, reliability and intellectuality of the algorithm. This research can be used for intelligent collision avoidance of unmanned surface vehicle and other automatic driving ships.
Infant Statisticians: The Origins of Reasoning Under Uncertainty
Authors: Denison Stephanie , Xu Fei
Published: June 2019

Humans frequently make inferences about uncertain future events with limited data. A growing body of work suggests that infants and other primates make surprisingly sophisticated inferences under uncertainty. First, we ask what underlying cognitive mechanisms allow young learners to make such sophisticated inferences under uncertainty. We outline three possibilities, the logic, probabilistic, and heuristics views, and assess the empirical evidence for each. We argue that the weight of the empirical work favors the probabilistic view, in which early reasoning under uncertainty is grounded in inferences about the relationship between samples and populations as opposed to being grounded in simple heuristics. Second, we discuss the apparent contradiction between this early-emerging sensitivity to probabilities with the decades of literature suggesting that adults show limited use of base-rate and sampling principles in their inductive inferences. Third, we ask how these early inductive abilities can be harnessed for improving later mathematics education and inductive inference. We make several suggestions for future empirical work that should go a long way in addressing the many remaining open questions in this growing research area.
Redefining Science: The Impact of Complexity on Theory Development in Social and Behavioral Research
Authors: Sanbonmatsu David M. , Johnston William A.
Published: June 2019

Disciplinary differences in the development of scientific generalizations and explanations are reviewed in this article. The social and behavioral sciences have identified fewer laws, established fewer “paradigms,” and developed “worse” theories than the physical sciences. We argue that the variability in the theoretical attainments of disciplines is due primarily to differences in the complexity of the topics studied. Accounts suggesting that differences in the maturity of disciplines are responsible for the variability are dismissed. In the study of complex phenomena, there is an extreme trade-off between generality and precision in which basic theories do not make the precise predictions needed for the development of applications and in which applied models are lacking in generality. The examination of proximal determinants and the generation of context-specific mathematical models are essential for prediction and application in complex disciplines. The impossibility of developing exacting theories of complex phenomena suggests that we need to redefine our conceptions of “good” and “bad” theories and “real” and “fake” science.
Learning own- and other-race facial identities from natural variability
Authors: Tüttenberg Simone C , Wiese Holger
Published: June 2019

Exposure to multiple varying face images of the same person encourages the formation of identity representations which are sufficiently robust to allow subsequent recognition from new, never-before seen images. While recent studies suggest that identity information is initially harder to perceive in images of other- relative to own-race identities, it remains unclear whether these difficulties propagate to face learning, that is, to the formation of robust face representations. We report two experiments in which Caucasian and East Asian participants sorted multiple images of own- and other-race persons according to identity in an implicit learning task and subsequently either matched novel images of learnt and previously unseen faces for identity (Experiment 1) or made old/new decisions for new images of learnt and unfamiliar identities (Experiment 2). Caucasian participants demonstrated own-race advantages during sorting, matching, and old/new recognition, while corresponding effects were absent in East Asian participants with substantial other-race expertise. Surprisingly, East Asian participants showed enhanced learning for other-race identities during matching in Experiment 1, which may reflect their increased motivation to individuate other-race faces. Thus, our results highlight the importance of perceptual expertise for own- and other-race processing, but may also lend support to recent suggestions on how expertise and socio-cognitive factors can interact.
Short-term false memories vary as a function of list type
Authors: McBride Dawn M , Coane Jennifer H , Xu Shuofeng , Feng Yi , Yu Zhichun
Published: June 2019

False memories have primarily been investigated at long-term delays in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) procedure, but a few studies have reported meaning-based false memories at delays as short as 1–4 s. The current study further investigated the processes that contribute to short-term false memories with semantic and phonological lists (Experiment 1) and hybrid lists containing items of each type (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, more false memories were found for phonological than for semantic lists. In Experiment 2, an asymmetrical hyper-additive effect was found such that including one or two phonological associates in pure semantic lists yielded a robust increase in false alarms, whereas including semantic associates in pure phonological lists did not affect false alarms. These results are more consistent with the activation–monitoring account of false memory creation than with fuzzy trace theory that has not typically been referenced when describing phonological false memories.
Opening the black box of data-based school monitoring: Data infrastructures, flows and practices in state education agencies
Authors: Hartong Sigrid , Förschler Annina
Published: June 2019

Contributing to a rising number of Critical Data Studies which seek to understand and critically reflect on the increasing datafication and digitalisation of governance, this paper focuses on the field of school monitoring, in particular on digital data infrastructures, flows and practices in state education agencies. Our goal is to examine selected features of the enactment of datafication and, hence, to open up what has widely remained a black box for most education researchers. Our findings are based on interviews conducted in three state education agencies in two different national contexts (the US and Germany), thus addressing the question of how the datafication and digitalisation of school governance has not only manifested within but also across educational contexts and systems. As our findings illustrate, the implementation of data-based school monitoring and leadership in state education agencies appears as a complex entanglement of very different logics, practices and problems, producing both new capabilities and powers. Nonetheless, by identifying different types of ‘doing data discrepancies’ reported by our interviewees, we suggest an analytical heuristic to better understand at least some features of the multifaceted enactment of data-based, increasingly digitalised governance, within and beyond the field of education.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Affects Pseudarthrosis Rates and Influences Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Mangan John J. , Divi Srikanth N. , McKenzie James C. , Stull Justin D. , Conaway William , Casper David S. , Goyal Dhruv K. C. , Nicholson Kristen J. , Galetta Matthew S. , Wagner Scott C. , Kaye I. David , Kurd Mark F. , Woods Barrett I. , Radcliff Kristen E. , Rihn Jeffery A. , Anderson D. Greg , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Christopher K.
Published: June 2019

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort review

Objectives:

Cervical pseudarthrosis is a frequent cause of need for revision anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and may lead to worse patient-reported outcomes. The effect of proton pump inhibitors on cervical fusion rates are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients taking PPIs have higher rates of nonunion after ACDF.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort review was performed to compare patients who were taking PPIs preoperatively with those not taking PPIs prior to ACDF. Patients younger than 18 years of age, those with less than 1-year follow-up, and those undergoing surgery for trauma, tumor, infection, or revision were excluded. The rates of clinically diagnosed pseudarthrosis and radiographic pseudarthrosis were compared between PPI groups. Patient outcomes, pseudarthrosis rates, and revision rates were compared between PPI groups using either multiple linear or logistic regression analysis, controlling for demographic and operative variables.

Results:

Out of 264 patients, 58 patients were in the PPI group and 206 were in the non-PPI group. A total of 23 (8.71%) patients were clinically diagnosed with pseudarthrosis with a significant difference between PPI and non-PPI groups ( P = .009). Using multiple linear regression, PPI use was not found to significantly affect any patient-reported outcome measure. However, based on logistic regression, PPI use was found to increase the odds of clinically diagnosed pseudarthrosis (odds ratio 3.552, P = .014). Additionally, clinically diagnosed pseudarthrosis negatively influenced improvement in PCS-12 scores ( P = .022).

Conclusions:

PPI use was found to be a significant predictor of clinically diagnosed pseudarthrosis following ACDF surgery. Furthermore, clinically diagnosed pseudarthrosis negatively influenced improvement in PCS-12 scores.
Long-term outcomes of Wagner self-locking stem with bone allograft for Paprosky type II and III bone defects in revision total hip arthroplasty: A mean 15.7-year follow-up
Authors: Zang Junting , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Moriya Mitsutoshi , Fukushima Kensuke , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Massive bone defects represent a challenge in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Wagner self-locking (SL) stem is a favorable option for this technique; however, its long-term outcomes with bone allograft have rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes of this stem with bone allograft for Paprosky type II and III bone defects in revision THA.

Methods:

A total of 38 patients (40 hips) who underwent revision THA with the Wagner SL stem were retrospectively reviewed. Bone allograft was placed in every patient. Clinical outcomes were determined using the Japanese Orthopedic Association’s hip scoring system (JOA hip score). Stem subsidence, stem fixation, and remodeling of the grafted bone were assessed radiographically. The survival rate of the stem was assessed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results:

The mean JOA hip score at the latest follow-up was 75.3 points. Stem subsidence of ≥10 mm was observed in four hips (10.0%). Moreover, 67.5% (27/40) of hips were stable, and 27.5% (11/40) had fibrous fixation. Bone restoration was observed in 25 hips (62.5%). At a mean follow-up of 15.7 years, the cumulative stem survival rates were 96.6%and 91.7% with “stem re-revision for loosening” and “stem re-revision for any reason” as the end points, respectively.

Conclusion:

The Wagner SL stem with bone allograft for proximal femoral bone defects in revision THA is a clinically beneficial procedure.
Schrödinger’s placenta: Determining placentas as not/waste
Authors: Yoshizawa Rebecca Scott , Hird Myra J
Published: June 2019

An estimated 50 million kilograms of human placental material is produced worldwide every year. In countries such as Canada, human placentas are utilized in scientific research concerned with fetal and women’s health, immunology, and cancer, to name a few. Through an empirical study involving interviews with placenta scientists and observations of placental science research laboratories and meetings, this article examines the material and discursive processes through which placentas are rendered materially and ethically available for scientific study. We argue that these processes involve a critical shift in placenta ontology such that placentas exist as waste and not-waste, an indeterminacy that is resolved in a four-phase praxis. The praxis ultimately makes placentas not only available, but also monetarily and morally ‘free of charge’ for scientific purposes. Our analysis reveals that the purported waste-ness of placentas potentiates their amenability to scientific experimentation, and is foundational to scientists’ claims about their moral relationship with broader publics.
Recommendations for Increasing the Transparency of Analysis of Preexisting Data Sets
Authors: Weston Sara J. , Ritchie Stuart J. , Rohrer Julia M. , Przybylski Andrew K.
Published: June 2019

Secondary data analysis, or the analysis of preexisting data, provides a powerful tool for the resourceful psychological scientist. Never has this been more true than now, when technological advances enable both sharing data across labs and continents and mining large sources of preexisting data. However, secondary data analysis is easily overlooked as a key domain for developing new open-science practices or improving analytic methods for robust data analysis. In this article, we provide researchers with the knowledge necessary to incorporate secondary data analysis into their methodological toolbox. We explain that secondary data analysis can be used for either exploratory or confirmatory work, and can be either correlational or experimental, and we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of this type of research. We describe how transparency-enhancing practices can improve and alter interpretations of results from secondary data analysis and discuss approaches that can be used to improve the robustness of reported results. We close by suggesting ways in which scientific subfields and institutions could address and improve the use of secondary data analysis.
High rate of durable complete remission in follicular lymphoma after CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy
Authors: Hirayama Alexandre V. , Gauthier Jordan , Hay Kevin A. , Voutsinas Jenna M. , Wu Qian , Pender Barbara S. , Hawkins Reed M. , Vakil Aesha , Steinmetz Rachel N. , Riddell Stanley R. , Maloney David G. , Turtle Cameron J.
Published: June 2019

Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) with early relapse after initial chemoimmunotherapy, refractory disease, or histologic transformation (tFL) have limited progression-free and overall survival. We report efficacy and long-term follow-up of 21 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL (n = 8) and tFL (n = 13) treated on a phase 1/2 clinical trial with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion followed by infusion of 2 × 106 CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor–modified T (CAR-T) cells per kilogram. The complete remission (CR) rates by the Lugano criteria were 88% and 46% for patients with FL and tFL, respectively. All patients with FL who achieved CR remained in remission at a median follow-up of 24 months. The median duration of response for patients with tFL was 10.2 months at a median follow-up of 38 months. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 50% and 39%, and neurotoxicity in 50% and 23% of patients with FL and tFL, respectively, with no severe adverse events (grade ≥3). No significant differences in CAR-T cell in vivo expansion/persistence were observed between FL and tFL patients. CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy is highly effective in adults with clinically aggressive R/R FL with or without transformation, with durable remission in a high proportion of FL patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01865617.
Adoptive T-cell therapy for pediatric cytomegalovirus-associated retinitis
Authors: Seo Shiney , Smith Corey , Fraser Christopher , Patheja Rajan , Shah Shaheen P. , Rehan Sweera , Crooks Pauline , Neller Michelle A. , Khanna Rajiv
Published: June 2019

Key Points

TCRαβ+/CD19+-depleted haploidentical HSCT was used to restore immunity in a pediatric patient with combined immunodeficiency syndrome. Posttransplant drug-resistant CMV retinitis was successfully treated with T cells expanded from a haploidentical HSCT donor.
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolutionary expansion and expression analyses of bZIP transcription factor family in tartary buckwheat
Authors: Liu Moyang , Wen Yongdi , Sun Wenjun , Ma Zhaotang , Huang Li , Wu Qi , Tang Zizhong , Bu Tongliang , Li Chenglei , Chen Hui
Published: June 2019

Background

In reported plants, the bZIP family is one of the largest transcription factor families. bZIP genes play roles in the light signal, seed maturation, flower development, cell elongation, seed accumulation protein, abiotic and biological stress and other biological processes. While, no detailed identification and genome-wide analysis of bZIP family genes in Fagopyum talaricum (tartary buckwheat) has previously been published. The recently reported genome sequence of tartary buckwheat provides theoretical basis for us to study and discuss the characteristics and expression of bZIP genes in tartary buckwheat based on the whole genome.

Results

In this study, 96 FtbZIP genes named from FtbZIP1 to FtbZIP96 were identified and divided into 11 subfamilies according to their genetic relationship with 70 bZIPs of A. thaliana. FtbZIP genes are not evenly distributed on the chromosomes, and we found tandem and segmental duplication events of FtbZIP genes on 8 tartary buckwheat chromosomes. According to the results of gene and motif composition, FtbZIP located in the same group contained analogous intron/exon organizations and motif composition. By qRT-PCR, we quantified the expression of FtbZIP members in stem, root, leaf, fruit, and flower and during fruit development. Exogenous ABA treatment increased the weight of tartary buckwheat fruit and changed the expressions of FtbZIP genes in group A.

Conclusions

Through our study, we identified 96 FtbZIP genes in tartary buckwheat and synthetically further analyzed the structure composition, evolution analysis and expression pattern of FtbZIP proteins. The expression pattern indicates that FtbZIP is important in the course of plant growth and development of tartary buckwheat. Through comprehensively analyzing fruit weight and FtbZIP genes expression after ABA treatment and endogenous ABA content of tartary buckwheat fruit, ABA may regulate downstream gene expression by regulating the expression of FtPinG0003523300.01 and FtPinG0003196200.01, thus indirectly affecting the fruit development of tartary buckwheat. This will help us to further study the function of FtbZIP genes in the tartary buckwheat growth and improve the fruit of tartary buckwheat.