bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
31‐3: Eyebox Evaluation in AR/VR Near‐eye Display Testing
Authors: Li Kun , Lake Adrian
Published: May 2019

The measurement of eyebox size is important in the design, manufacturing, and user experience of AR/VR near‐eye display (NED) devices. Previous studies have focused on characterization of luminance and the brightness‐defined eyebox. We propose to use modulation transfer function (MTF) to define contrast‐based eyebox, measured with the rectangular line‐pair chart at varying spatial frequencies. We find it is important to examine both brightness‐based eyebox and MTF contrast‐based eyebox to decide the limiting factor, which depends on the specific NED design and the displayed content.
34‐2: PI‐Less IPS/FFS Liquid Crystal Displays Utilizing Reactive LC with Diphenylacetylene Moiety
Authors: He Rui , Ye Yang , Oh Eunche , Lee Honggwon , Kang Shin-Woong , Lee Seung Hee , Lee Myong-Hoon
Published: May 2019

We proposed a fabrication method to achieve uniaxially homogeneous alignment of LC molecules by irradiating polarized UV light to a mixture of new reactive mesogen having diphenylacetylene moiety and host LC above clearing temperature without using any conventional polyimide alignment layer in a sandwiched cell. The IPS/FFS cell fabricated by the proposed technology exhibited excellent dark state, electro‐optical characteristics and robust reliability, which could contribute to the low‐cost and high‐performance LCDs.
36‐3: Tablet‐size eTIR Display for Low‐power ePaper Applications with Color Video Capability
Authors: Fleming Robert , Kazlas Peter , Johansson Thomas , Beales Graham , Manna Eeshita , Porush Vivek , Han James , Mennen Jan , Aubert Jo , Sakai Toru , Callens Michiel , Sadlik Bram , Holman B. , Ferguson Scott
Published: May 2019

One of the major barriers to broad market adoption of reflective ePaper displays has been the difficulty in developing displays capable of video speeds and reflected brightness high enough to achieve full color. This paper summarizes the progress of active‐matrix high‐resolution eTIR displays exhibiting both a high‐contrast, high‐reflectance monochrome ink‐on‐paper look as well as video level switching speeds and full color using low‐cost color filters. We demonstrate a 9.7” full‐color video eTIR display with 227 ppi resolution.
42‐3: Novel Transparent Screen Combined with Light Guide System
Authors: Arita Shusuke , Yanai Yujiro , Kodama Keisuke , Kato Shunya , Takada Katsuyuki , Ito Yoji
Published: May 2019

We have successfully developed a novel transparent screen leading to a new AR display without unexpected light, combining with a light guide system. We believe this novel AR display could expand applications into show window and vehicles.
44‐4: In‐cell Capacitive Hover Touch Development for Non‐Contact Application
Authors: Takada Naoki , Yamguchi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Kisho , Kudo Michita , Kakinoki Yuto , Nakanishi Takayuki , Goto Naoshi , Nakajima Yoshiharu
Published: May 2019

We have developed in‐cell capacitive hover touch panel for non‐contact application. This paper shows new hover sensor structure and driving method to achieve high sensitivity. We have also developed 10.2 inch FHD prototype. It succeeds to detect finger position at 5cm height stably.
47‐4: Aging Behaviors of QLED with Different Structures
Authors: Chen Zinan , Qin Zhiyuan , Zhou Xinyi , Long Jingwei , Chen Shuming
Published: May 2019

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are recognized as one of the candidates for the development of next generation displays. However the stability issue restricts their industrialization. In this work, we investigated the aging behaviors of QLEDs with different structures. We identified that the lifetime of QLEDs is greatly affected by the hole transport layer (HTL). In addition, we found that devices encapsulated with and without desiccant exhibit different aging behaviors. The use of desiccant improved the stability of the HTL, but the positive aging which could prolong the lifetime of devices was alleviated. On the other hand, device without desiccant exhibited positive aging behavior but the HTL was degraded rapidly. It is concluded that there is a trade‐off between positive aging and stability of HTL.
49‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: High‐Efficiency Switchable Optical Elements for Advanced Head‐up Displays
Authors: Zhan Tao , Lee Yun-Han , Xiong Jianghao , Tan Guanjun , Yin Kun , Yang Jilin , Liu Sheng , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: May 2019

The Pancharatnam‐Berry phase optical elements (PBOEs) are utilized to enhance the performance of head‐up displays (HUDs). The PB lenses provide varifocal functionality, while the PB deflectors can function as optical combiners and waveguide couplers. Rigorous coupled wave analysis based on scattering matrix is also developed and applied for structure optimization.
50‐3: Aspects of Image Sticking Evaluations Using Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Krüger Udo
Published: May 2019

Image Sticking is an undesired display property, which requires time consuming and expensive testing. This study summarizes some proposed Image Sticking evaluation methods and identifies relevant differences. It derives aspects, which should be considered prior to a time consuming and potentially irreversible Sticking Image measurement. Further, parameter analysis associated with the Imaging Luminance Measurement Device are briefly outlined.
52‐1: Invited Paper: Microdisplays for Wearable Augmented Reality — OLED vs LED Based Systems (Invited)
Authors: Haas Gunther
Published: May 2019

We will review requirements for microdisplays used in wearable Augmented Reality, taking into account different use cases and optical architectures for true see‐trough. Based on this, we will compare current and future expected performance of OLED and LED based microdisplays, including system integration constraints, technology maturity, and manufacturing aspects.
53‐1: Invited Paper: Advanced Materials for Flexible Displays
Authors: Bu Lujia , Carbajal Leo , Chang Michael , Chen Jean , Johnson J. Casey , Kourtakis Kostantinos , Lamontia Mark , Li Anton , Liao Kirby , Liu Sheng , Mulzer Michael , Nambiar Rakesh , Radu Nora , Wang Deyan , Zhang Jieqian , LeCloux Daniel
Published: May 2019

We report on the development of films and coatings for substrate component and protective layers in flexible AMOLED devices. These materials were engineered and optimized as a system to deliver a superior combination of flexibility, image quality, and durability in the end application, while also providing a range of material, physical, and processing options to maximize design freedom.
53‐3: Invited Paper: Out‐Foldable Smartphone Will Be Real?: Challenges for Developing Glass‐like Cover Plastic Films
Authors: Bae Byeong-Soo , Choi Gwang-Mun , Ko Ji-Hoon
Published: May 2019

An out‐foldable smartphone is more favorable for consumers’ convenience but technologically more difficult than an in‐foldable one. Particularly, for the out‐foldable one, a large elongation of cover window film induced by tensile stress outside display module is required. However, it is difficult to realize the large elongation in the hard coating on the cover film. This invited paper deals with the issues of hard coating and proposes newly developed solution with high scratch‐resistance for out‐foldable smartphone.
54‐4: Intense Pulsed Light Annealed ZnO for the Production of High Efficiency Inverted QLEDs
Authors: Kathirgamanathan (PK) Poopathy , Kumaraverl Muttulingam , Vanga Raghava Reddy , Ravichandran Seenivasagam
Published: May 2019

Room temperature intense pulsed light annealing (photonic annealing, pulsed forged) transforms the sol‐gel derived ZnO films highly conductive and hydrophobic with improved interface with colloidal quantum dots. The IPL annealed ZnO proved to be an efficient electron transporter/injector in inverted devices with QDs.. Both the current and power efficiencies of red devices comprising IPL annealed ZnO were 13.75 and 37.5 fold higher than the identical devices produced with thermally annealed ZnO. The life‐time of the devices with IPL annealed ZnO was found to be five fold longer than the thermally annealed ZnO counterpart. Thermally aged devices comprising IPL annealed ZnO give a maximum current efficiency of 23 cd/A and a power efficiency of 30 lm/W.
54‐5: New Technologies for Colouring in Displays
Authors: Kim Yohan , Geßner André , Heyne Benjamin , Choi Hyung Seok , Wedel Armin
Published: May 2019

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs)‐based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) has been actively researched due to the potential impacts to the display and lighting industry base on the unique properties of QDs itself such as size‐dependent bandgap tunability, narrow emission spectrum, and low‐cost solution‐based processing. However, the most of promising results in the past used cadmium (Cd) contained II‐VI semiconductor nanocrystals. Therefore, a considerable future task is to substitute QDs with less toxic materials. InP‐based QDs is a promising material for colour‐saturated display among the III‐V semiconductor nanocrystals and it has been already applied in conventional and inverted QLED structure.
56‐2: Tabletop 3D Display with Triple Viewing Zones
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Chen Linsen , Qiao Wen
Published: May 2019

A 5.5 inch monochromatic tabletop display was proposed based a metamaterial and a LCD panel. 16 viewing points are projected into three viewing zones arranged around the display screen. Without any moving parts, the proposed tabletop 3D display prototype has a compact format.
56‐3: A novel Emissive Projection display (EPD) on Fully‐Transparent Phosphor Screen
Authors: Sun Ted X. , Du Youcheng , Wang Xiaohui , Cheng Botao
Published: May 2019

A new paradigm of digital projection is on the horizon, based on innovative emissive screen that are fully transparent. It can be readily applied and convert any surface to a high image quality emissive display, without affecting the surface appearance. For example, it can convert any glass window or windshield to completely see‐through displays, with unlimited field of view and viewing angles. It also enables a scalable and economic projection display on a pitch‐black emissive screen with black level and image contrast that rivals other emissive displays such as plasma display or OLED.
56‐5: Late‐News Paper: Table Top Visually Equivalent Light Field 3D Display Using 15.6‐inch 4K LCD Panel
Authors: Date Munekazu , Tanaka Yasuaki , Isogai Megumi , Shimizu Shinya , Kimata Hideaki
Published: May 2019

A highly realistic table‐top type light field 3D display that offers horizontal parallax is proposed. Using a 4K LCD and parallax barrier, rays are interpolated directionally, and high resolution and smooth motion parallax are achieved. Since this interpolation works as anti‐aliasing itself, small characters can be displayed stably in 3D space
57‐2: Distinguished Paper: Laser‐Addressed Full‐Color Photo‐Quality Rewritable Sheets Based on Thermochromic Systems with Leuco Dyes
Authors: Kaino Yuriko , Kurihara Kenichi , Shuto Aya , Mizuno Hiroshi , Asaoka Satoko , Ishida Takehisa , Takagi Kenji , Takahashi Isao , Amago Hirohisa , Takeuchi Taichi , Tejima Asuka , Watanabe Maho , Oishi Yuki , Kamei Takahiro , Nomoto Kazumasa
Published: May 2019

We have developed a laser‐addressed full‐color rewritable sheet based on a thermochromic system with leuco dyes. It achieved photographic quality images with a high resolution of 426 ppi and wide color gamut. Non‐contact laser writing on a free‐form sheets will create applications with on‐demand rewritable image design on various surfaces.
58‐3: Development of 4 Side Narrow Border UHD Display with TopGate IGZO‐TFT and DeMUX Technology
Authors: Kikuchi Tetsuo , Hara Kengo , Kitagawa Hideki , Morinaga Junichi , Ogasawara Isao , Imai Hajime , Daitoh Tohru
Published: May 2019

We have developed IGZO‐TFT with high mobility and high reliability. In this paper, we report on the development of 4 side narrow border 13.4‐inch UHD prototype display operating at 120Hz with newly developed high ON current TopGate IGZO‐TFT and DeMUX technology.
59‐3: Active Refractive and Diffractive Liquid‐Crystal Microlens Arrays Enabled by Two‐Photon Polymerization
Authors: He Ziqian , Lee Yun-Han , Chen Ran , Chanda Debashis , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: May 2019

A novel method to achieving active refractive and diffractive liquid‐crystal microlens arrays is demonstrated. By two‐photon polymerization, liquid‐crystal alignment can be directly generated on curved or planar surface and thus active microlens arrays can be created by fulfilling liquid‐crystal cells. This method provides a new route toward liquid‐crystal microlens arrays.
60‐2: Panel Design Technology for a 31‐inch GOA Drived AMOLED Display with BYYB OLED Structure and Slim Border
Authors: Xue Yan , Fang Chun-Hsiung , Han Bai-Xiang , Tu Ai-Guo , Yang Zhong-Guo , Chaw Gary , Liao Cong-Wei , Zhang Sheng-Dong , Wu Yuan-Chun , Lu Po-Yen
Published: May 2019

A much complicated structure, where GOA circuits were placed at the bottom side, was proposed for a 31‐inch AMOLED display. This structure contributed significantly to border reduction and reliability improvement. What's more, amorphous‐indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film‐transistors (TFTs) with top‐gate structure exhibited high performance and the GOA circuits could operate well.
63‐1: High Brightness Bendable Backlight Including a Glass Light Guide
Authors: Mi Xiang-Dong , Allen Kirk R , Cuno Alexander L , Mou Jinfa , Varanytsia Andrii , Tokar Joshua
Published: May 2019

We report on a backlight that can be bent to a radius of 200 mm and provides more than 2000 nits through a 7” display. The backlight is enabled by a glass light guide plate that edge‐couples light from high brightness thin LEDs. It is also capable of 2D local dimming.
64‐1: Lensless Microscope Using High‐Resolution Display
Authors: Negoro Yusuke , Yoneda Seiichi , Nakagawa Takashi , Shishido Hideaki , Kobayashi Hidetomo , Ikeda Takayuki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: May 2019

We devise a lensless microscope as an application of high‐resolution displays. Images were taken at a resolution corresponding to the pixel size with the use of an existing display. An operation scheme for fast driving is suggested.
65‐4: Perovskite Downconverters for Optimized Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: He Ziqian , Zhang Caicai , Chen Hao , Dong Yajie , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: May 2019

A systematic optimization of using perovskite as downconverters to simultaneously optimize luminous efficiency, color‐rendering quality and effect of lighting sources for both fixed and tunable correlated color temperatures, is performed. Through this method, highly efficient, excellent color rendering, and healthy lighting can be achieved.
66‐4: Late‐News Paper: Fast Dichroic‐Dye‐Doped Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Light Shutter
Authors: Feng Xiayu , Beev Kostadin , Bos Philip
Published: May 2019

We demonstrate a dichroic‐dye‐doped cholesteric liquid crystal light shutter device with fast response time, achromatic dark state, and polarization independence. The liquid crystal director is switching between the transparent homeotropic state to a dark transient planar state without scattering, and continually to focal conic state with little scattering. The device fabrication process is simple because of no alignment is needed and a simple electrodes structure used. It has potential to be applied in automotive applications to block oncoming headlight glare, and in AR real world image occlusion.
68‐3: DeepFatigueNet: A Model for Automatic Visual Fatigue Assessment Based on Raw Single‐Channel EEG
Authors: Song Yaguang , Wang Danli , Yue Kang , Zheng Nan
Published: May 2019

Three‐dimension (3D) display has become increasingly popular in many fields. However, watching 3D content continuously can lead to visual fatigue that is harmful to users' vision system. Visual fatigue assessment aims at monitoring users' brain states based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to identify different fatigue levels and avoid severe fatigue. Most of existing studies on the modeling of visual fatigue assessment rely on manual features extracted from EEG, which is time‐consuming and needs prior knowledge. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which have been used in computer vision, speech recognition have attracted increasing interest. There is still a lack of attempts to employ end‐to‐end EEG analysis on visual fatigue assessment. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model DeepFatigueNet to perform automatic feature extraction and classification from raw single‐channel EEG. The DeepFatigueNet is evaluated on our own visual fatigue dataset and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning methods for EEG‐based tasks. The overall accuracy of DeepFatigueNet reaches 75.9% on the three‐classification task exceeding other models. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and show the potential of deep convolutional neural networks for end‐to‐end visual fatigue assessment.
69‐2: Invited Paper: Improved ZnO based materials for to‐date flat panel displays
Authors: Abduev Aslan , Akhmedov Akhmed , Asvarov Abil , Belyaev Victor
Published: May 2019

Promising approaches to improve electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, and thermal stability of the resistivity of ZnO‐based TCO thin films are investigated. The following ways were tested: a) gradient doping of ZnO grains into the synthesized TCO films by indium in order to create passivating coatings on the surface of the grains; b) preventing the oxygen diffusion into the films by suppressing the columnar structures formation; c) methods combining the above ones. It was found that in the ZnO‐based TCO films deposited by magnetron sputtering at temperature above 150°C under the presence of excess zinc in the reagent flow, a decrease in the porosity of the columnar ZnO films is observed after subsequent heat treatments in air. The introducing of In, Ga, Sn metals to the composition of the ZnO films contributes to the formation of thin surface oxide sub‐layers with passivation properties on the surface of the ZnO grains. The results of research clearly show that preventing the formation of a columnar structure in combination with the passivation of grain surfaces creates real prospects for expanding the areas of application of ZnO‐based transparent electrodes.
69‐3: Distinguished Paper: Large‐Area Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Katsouras Ilias , Frijters Corné , Poodt, Paul , Gelinck Gerwin , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk
Published: May 2019

Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) films are deposited using plasma‐enhanced spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (sALD) on substrates as large as 32 cm x 35 cm. Excellent uniformity and thickness control leads to high‐performing and stable co‐planar top‐gate self‐aligned (SA) thin‐film transistors (TFTs), demonstrating the viability of atmospheric spatial ALD as a novel deposition technique for the flat‐panel display industry.
70‐1: Invited Paper: Design of Active Liquid Crystal Based Contact Lenses
Authors: Cuypers Dieter , De Smet Herbert , Verplancke Rik
Published: May 2019

The design and technology of tunable liquid crystal based lenses is discussed. Specific attention is paid to lenses with small diameters and high f‐number and it is demonstrated that in that case a segmented Fresnel lens approach can be most favorable in terms of both ease of manufacturing and optical performance.
71‐1: Large‐area Optical Fingerprint Sensors for Next Generation Smartphones
Authors: Akkerman Hylke , Peeters Bart , Tordera Daniel , van Breemen Albert , Shanmugam Santhosh , Malinowski Paweł , Maas Joris , de Riet Joris , Verbeek Roy , Bel Thijs , de Haas Gerard , Hermes Dorothee , Del Sepideh Khandan , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Gelinck Gerwin
Published: May 2019

We present large‐area photodetector arrays in combination with a thin‐film optical collimator for under‐display fingerprint authentication in next‐generation smartphones. The fabrication is compatible with flat panel display processes and based on an oxide TFT backplane with a printed organic photodiode frontplane. The functionality behind an AMOLED display is demonstrated.
72‐5: Effect of LED Tunable White Light with Different Blue Components on Visual Fatigue
Authors: Zhang Yin , Tu Yan , Wang Lili
Published: May 2019

The effect of LED (light emitting diodes) tunable white light with different blue‐component intensities on visual fatigue based on human eye photoreceptors was investigated. The results showed that the visual fatigue was more serious for the blue‐enriched tunable white light with higher illuminance of short‐wavelength cones.
73‐1: Directly See‐through AR HMD Based on Light Field Technology with LC MLA
Authors: Chen Yu-Ting , Chou Ping-Yen , Qin Zong , Pan Qiao-Si , Lin Ting-Hsuan , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: May 2019

A directly see‐through augmented reality head‐mounted display consisting of a liquid crystal micro‐lens array and a transparent micro‐display to reconstruct light field images without mismatch between accommodation and convergence is developed. Based on the time‐multiplexing method, virtual and background images are merged for observers.
73‐4: Distinguished Paper: Image Formation Modeling and Analysis of Near‐Eye Light Field Displays
Authors: Qin Zong , Chou Ping-Yen , Chen Yu-Ting , Wu Jui-Yi , Lin Ting-Ru , Lin Ting-Hsuan , Balram Nikhil , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: May 2019

The image formation of microlens array‐based near‐eye light field displays is modeled with near‐perfect accuracy by incorporating diffraction, ray aberration, defocusing, and pixel sampling. Based on this model, algorithms and hardware parameters are suggested for resolution optimization, and the resolution variations with FOV and image depth are analyzed.
81‐2: High Performance Red Cadmium‐free Inverted Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mude Nagarjuna Naik , Lee Chae Young , Eun Kwan Ju , Lampande Raju , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: May 2019

We demonstrate a highly efficient red cadmium‐free quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) comprising inverted structure and ZnO:Mg nanoparticles as an electron transport layer. Fabricated QLED reveals maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.46% and more than two‐fold increase in efficiency (10.17%) after aging for several days.
81‐3: Distinguished Paper: Developing High Efficiency Heavy Metal Free QD‐LEDs for Next Generation Displays
Authors: Ippen Christian , Guo Wenzhuo , Zehnder Don , Kim Daekyoung , Manders Jesse , Barrera Diego , Newmeyer Benjamin , Hamilton Dylan , Wang Chunming (Kevin) , Hotz Charlie , Ma Ruiqing , Bin Jong-Kwan , Kim ByungGeol , Kim KyuNam , Jang KyungKook , Park Jaehyun , Lee Taeyang , Kim Wy-Yong , Lee JounHo
Published: May 2019

In this paper we report on our progress on developing heavy metal free (or Cd‐free) QD‐LEDs for all three colors. With improvement in synthesis we have developed high quantum yield heavy metal free QDs (>95% for Red and Green; >80% for Blue) with peak wavelengths suitable for BT.2020. Building upon these high performance QDs and through novel device structure design and optimization we have demonstrated high efficiency heavy metal free QD‐LEDs with EQE=16.9%, 13%, 9% for Red, Green, Blue, respectively.
81‐5: Late‐News Paper: Pb‐free Blue‐emitting 0D Cs3Cu2I5 with High PLQY of ~90%
Authors: Jun Taehwan , Sim Kihyung , Iimura Soshi , Sasase Masato , Kamioka Hayato , Kim Junghwan , Hosono Hideo
Published: May 2019

Recently, perovskites such as CsPbX3 (X=Cl,Br,I) are promising for optoelectronic devices. However, there are still critical issues that hinder their practical use: one is the toxicity of lead (Pb) and the other one is low PLQY due to small exciton binding energy. To solve these problems, we explored new metal halide luminescent materials. Here, we broadened a perspective into copper halide based materials with low‐dimensional electronic structures. Consequently, we newly found a solutionprocessable 0D Cs3Cu2I5 that exhibits blue emission (~445 nm) and significantly high PLQY s; ~90% and ~60% for single crystal and thin films, respectively. In this paper, we also report electroluminescence (EL) device using 0D Cs3Cu2I5 thin films.
83‐2: Recent Developments in IEC TC 110, Electronic Displays (New Activities in International Standardization for Displays)
Authors: Hyodo Kei , Shibahara Yoshi , Uehara Shin
Published: May 2019

Recent development in electronic display technologies asks International Standard organization, IEC's, technical committee, TC 110, to evolve itself. In order to answer back, we, IEC TC 110, evolve ourselves. One major change is that the change of title, itself. We, IEC TC 110, used to be called ‘Electronic Display Devices’, but now it is called ‘Electronic Displays’. By changing that, we are taking care of any electronic displays. Through this paper, we are going to explore our recent development of ourselves
83‐3: Calibration of Colorimeters for RGBW Displays
Authors: Bodner Ben , Robinson Neil
Published: May 2019

Evidence is presented that the standardized approach to calibrating colorimeters results in large errors when used with multi‐primary displays. A new approach to correct colorimeter measurements for displays with a white sub‐pixel is proposed, reducing error to levels expected with the standard approach on a typical RGB display.
83‐4: High Resolution Optical Characterization of NIR Light Sources for 3D Imaging
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry
Published: May 2019

The great development of low cost and compact 3D imaging for various applications like face‐recognition, machine vision or LIDAR for automotive has introduced new requirements in terms of NIR light source characterization. In all the cases, precise characterization of the light source emission properties in all its angular aperture is mandatory to get accurate 3D images. In addition, all these sources must comply safety regulations and must be verified during the fabrication process. The paper introduces a new Fourier optics system dedicated to this task.
P‐1: Novel Oxide TFT Technology for Ultra‐high Definition and Super‐narrow Border Notebook Displays
Authors: Dai Chao , Zhao Wenda , Ren Yangyang , Huang Hongtao , Wang Zhijun
Published: May 2019

It is demonstrated that novel back‐channel‐etch type oxide TFTs (InGaZnSnOx target material for oxide semiconductor) with below 10% threshold voltage uniformity, better stability and above 10cm2/V·s electron mobility in G4.5 factory. From etch‐stop type to back‐channel‐etch type, ultra‐high definition 15.6 inch notebook display with only 1.2mm left and right border has designed and manufactured for the first time by the way of singleside gate driver in panel.
P‐4: High‐Mobility Back‐Channel‐Etched IGZTO‐TFT and Application to Dual‐Gate Structure
Authors: Nakata Mitsuru , Ochi Mototaka , Takei Tatsuya , Tsuji Hiroshi , Miyakawa Masashi , Motomura Genichi , Goto Hiroshi , Fujisaki Yoshihide
Published: May 2019

This work developed a back‐channel‐etched In‐Ga‐Zn‐Sn‐O (IGZTO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) with a high mobility of 41 cm2/Vs by optimizing both the IGZTO composition and the fabrication process. Furthermore, an effective mobility of 99 cm2/Vs was achieved for an IGZTO‐TFT with a dual‐gate structure.
P‐5: A new optical compensation scheme for AMOLED displays with a‐IGZO TFT and a‐Si:H PIN diode
Authors: Wang Ling , Lin Yicheng , Zhu Mingyi , Xu Pan , Li Zhengliang , Yang Fei , Wang Lirong , Chen Yi , Huang Rui , Zhou Tianmin , Wang Guoying , Yan Guang , Wu Zhongyuan , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: May 2019

This paper proposed a new optical compensation scheme for AMOLED display based on a sensor unit in pixel The sensor unit includes an a‐IGZO TFT, which is adopted as a switch due to its low off current, a‐Si:H PIN diode as optical sensor due to its high photoconductive gain, and a capacitor to store charges. Owing to the large off current difference under different brightness, the luminance of every pixel can be acquired by PIN sensor, and then data voltage is adjusted accordingly. The scheme is adopted in a 5 inch AMOLED display, and the results show this method can capture the pixel brightness accurately, and effectively compensate low gray level light uniformity.
P‐12: High Performance Dual‐gate Dual‐layer Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors TFTs on PI Foil for Display Application
Authors: Nag Manoj , Celiker Hikmet , Verschueren Lynn , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Upadhyay Rishabh , Rolin Cédric , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Genoe Jan , Dehaene Wim , Steudel Soeren , Heremans Paul , Myny Kris
Published: May 2019

We present dual‐gate (DG) dual‐layer (a‐ITZO and a‐IGZO) amorphous oxide TFTs integrated on polyimide (PI) foil. The fabricated TFTs show an apparent dual‐gate field‐effect mobility (µFE) of 45.0 cm2/ (V.s), sub‐threshold slope (SS−1) of 0.40 V/decade and ION/IOFF ratio of >108. The DG dual‐layer TFT based ring‐oscillators exhibit faster oscillation frequencies (fosc) compared to DG a‐IGZO TFT based ring‐oscillators. These TFTs are paving the way to faster scan drivers and higher resolution displays. It is also verified that with DG dual‐layer TFTs, the current variation can be reduced when applying an off‐panel compensation method to the asymmetric channel.
P‐13: High Performance a‐IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition: Cation Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Cho Min Hoe , Seol Hyunjoo , On Nuri , Kim Tai Kyu , Yun Pil Sang , Bae Jong Uk , Park Kwon-Shik , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: May 2019

We report the effect of the cation composition on the electrical performance of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) which was deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The In/In+Ga ratio of a‐IGZO TFT was increased, enhancement of the field‐effect mobility (µFE) value was observed. The device with a higher In/In+Ga ratio: the In0.45Ga0.15Zn0.40O transistor showed a higher µFE value of 48.3 cm2/Vs, VTH of −4.06 V, SS of 0.45 V/decade, and ION/OFF ratio of > 107. Simultaneously, Density of States (DOSs) profile in a forbidden band gap of the a‐IGZO semiconductor were extracted based on the Meyer‐Neldel rule (MN rule) to obtain an insight into the cation composition dependent performance of a‐IGZO TFTs.
P‐26: A New Modulable Integrated Multi‐Function Scan Driver for High‐Resolution AMOLED Display with LTPS TFTs
Authors: Su Yue , Geng Di , Ji Hansai , Zhang Xia , Yu Chaowei , Xu Xiangyang , Takatori Kenichi , Li Ling , Liu Ming
Published: May 2019

We proposed a modulable integrated multi‐function scan driver for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display based on low‐temperature‐poly‐Si thin‐film transistors (LTPS TFTs). The proposed circuit provides dual outputs, the pulse width and time interval of which can be modulated, which is expected to be applied in high resolution AMOLED display.
P‐27: A Novel Pixel Circuit with Threshold Voltage Variation Compensation in Three‐Dimensional AMOLED on Silicon Microdisplay
Authors: Zeng Weiling , Li Chenglin , Zhang Dewei , Huang Jie , Wen Jinyuan , Liu Binjie , Lin Hesheng , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Min
Published: May 2019

A novel pixel driving circuit for high resolution and high image quality organic light emitting diode on silicon three‐dimensional microdisplays is proposed in this paper. The pixel circuit is composed of four P‐channel MOSFETs and one capacitor. By sharing the data line and power line, it compensates the threshold voltage (Vth) variation of the driving transistor and then improves the image quality and operating speed. This pixel circuit is verified by SMIC 0.18 µm BCD process, and it is integrated into a pixel unit of 4*4.5 µm2. From post‐layout simulation, within ±10 mV of Vth variation, the emission current deviation ranges only from −0.56% to 0.50% under 240 Hz frame rate, which is −18.4% to 22.3% in the traditional 2T1C pixel circuits.
P‐32: Investigation of the Color Mura Mechanism and Simulation Models
Authors: Xu Xiaona , You Jaegeon , Wang Xinxing , Jia Qian , Wang Yingtao , Zhan Yucheng , Zhang Lilei , Sun Xuefei , Yang Jin , Huang Jianbang
Published: May 2019

The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanism of color moire/mura which appear in the display products with prism or ITO touch sensor stacked structure. We construct matlab simulation models to execute the image processing in the opponent color space by adding the perception contrast sensitivity (CSF), and the simulation intuitive color mura images match the actual phenomenon.
P‐33: Effects of Luminance, Contrast and Saturation of HDR QLED Display on Visual System Based on Eye Movement
Authors: Shi Yunyang , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Gao Xin
Published: May 2019

The effects of screen luminance, contrast and saturation of HDR video presented on QLED display on visual system were investigated. Results showed that contrast and saturation, rather than luminance, influenced visual neural systems controlling eye movements, and affected subjective display quality and viewing preference.
P‐199: Late‐News Poster: Color Mismatches across Commercial Displays: Modeling the Effect of Observer Metamerism
Authors: Xie Hao , Farnand Susan P. , Murdoch Michael J. , Park Jae Sung , Min Byungseok
Published: May 2019

Based on the model of individual color matching functions, the magnitudes of observer metamerism potentials across characterized commercial color displays were simulated. Then, the displays’ spectral dissimilarities were translated into better interpretable measures, and the possibility of optimal average representative of color matching functions was analyzed.
P‐45: Position Correction against Vehicle Vibration for Augmented Reality on Head‐up Display
Authors: Hasegawa Takefumi , Sumiyosi Yuki , Hayashi Yayoi , Nishikawa Ayumi , Chikuri Takayoshi , Tsukahara Osamu
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present a head‐up display system that displays augmented reality objects on a vehicle windshield. Vehicle vibration results when the vehicle plies on the road. We propose a position correction method against vehicle vibration for a head‐up display system. This method corrects the positions of computer graphic images on the LCD panel of a head‐up display by referring to an inclination angle generated from the vehicle vibration. We evaluated this method by capturing the overlay images of augmented reality objects on a head‐up display system.
P‐53: A Slim Display System for OLED TV Using TCON Memory Merged IC
Authors: Lee Byung-Jae , Noh Ju-Young , Lee Young-Shin , Min Byung-Sam , Yang Jun-Hyeok , Kim Seung-Tae , Kim Bum-Sik , Kang In-Byeong
Published: May 2019

The Proposed new T‐Con which packaged in one chip is made up of memory for compensation and OLED TV T‐Con ASIC die. In external compensation OLED TV system, the one chip packaged T‐Con enable to reduce T‐con Board area by 53%. Also experimental result shows that the proposed one packaged T‐Con improves the DDR timing margin by 15%. In heat generation measurement, it is equivalent to conventional 55” UHD OLED TV T‐Con that has been mass‐produced
P‐55: Quasi‐Stereoscopic Perspective for Real‐Time 2D‐3D Video Conversion Without Image Content Analysis
Authors: Ezhov Vasily A.
Published: May 2019

Techniques of 2D‐3D conversion of video images are based, as a rule, on the computer analysis of 2D view images content allowing to extract information about the depth of three‐dimensional (3D) scenes. This paper presents a method of quasi‐stereoscopic perspective (QSP) to implement a real‐time 2D‐3D video conversion without any analysis of the image content (structure). The QSP technique is based on creation of the second 2D image differing from the original (first) 2D image by introduced artificial horizontal parallax changing along the vertical direction of 2D image. Despite of the simplicity of implementation, the QSP is capable to reveal stereoscopically the natural depth of 3D scenes. This is similar to how the law of the geometrical perspective reveals the depth of 3D scene, represented on 2D picture or drawing. The practical implementations of the QSP by using digital and analog electronic devices are considered.
P‐58: Efficiency Enhancement by Non‐Overlapping Time Design and Adaptive Ratio Control for Charge Pump of Display Drivers
Authors: Zhang Dewei , Zeng Weiling , Lin Hesheng , Lei Tengteng , Wen Jinyuan , Li Chenglin , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Min
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a high‐efficiency solution to multi‐phase charge pump with full‐coverage integer voltage conversion ratios (VCRs) ranges from 1 to 2n is proposed. To improve the systematic efficiency of multi‐phase charge pump, the critical aspect of non‐overlapping (NON) time is designed. To precisely set the NON time of multi‐phase clock signals, counter‐based solution is proposed. The solution makes NON time to be evenly inserted into every clock phase and achieves equal charging period. In addition, an efficiency enhancement scheme is used by turning off some unnecessary converter stages to improve the efficiency at some particular VCRs. Based on 0.25 µm process, this proposed control strategy is conducted in a multi‐phase power converter. And its peak efficiency and current drivability can reach 96% and 6 mA, respectively.
P‐75: Novel Post Spacer Design Based on Dynamic Compensation Technology
Authors: LIU Liwei , IM Yunsik , LIAO Feng , WANG Xinxing , LI Xiaolong , JIA Yue , LV Zhijun , WANG Hongrun , CHEN Xiaochuan , DONG Xue
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we introduce a novel photo spacer (PS) structure to address the PS scratching mura on FFS mode. By precise adjustment of relative position of Sub PS and metal Stage in array glass, the PS mura is completely prevented. We put forward prediction model and conducted experiments to test the effectiveness of the scheme.
P‐216: High efficiency, transparent overcoat for planarization of display modules
Authors: Reit Radu , Nagashima Noriyuki , Imaizumi Masahiro , Mori Satoshi , Yang Kejia , Vega Abraham , Avendano Adrian , Arreaga David
Published: May 2019

Overcoating materials for the planarization of display module subassemblies such as the thin‐film transistor (TFT) array or the color filter (CF) sub‐pixels have seen little innovation in the previous decade. However challenges with existing overcoat materials still exist, principally in the form of high solvent contents, difficult to remove or toxic solvents and inadequate planarization performance. In response, Ares Materials has employed its Pylux™‐brand polysulfide thermoset (PST) resins as effective overcoat materials which solve the previously described commercial overcoat material issues. In this paper we describe the use of Pylux PST overcoating resins and their corresponding planarization performance over a commercial CF, showing equivalent or improved planarization performance of < 0.2 µm while using > 2X less solvent.
P‐81: Full‐Color Computer‐Generated Holograms Based on Offset Algorithm and Tilted Mechanism
Authors: Chuang Chih-Hao , Chen Chien-Yu , Lin Hoang-Yan
Published: May 2019

Image quality has been a critical issue in holography‐related display, especially three‐dimensional display emphasizing reconstruction fidelity. An image optimization method combined with three‐dimensional modified Gerchberg‐Saxton algorithm (3D MGSA) and the tilted reconstruction projection system designed in this study is proposed to implement the high‐quality full‐color computer‐generated holography projection system. With the objective image quality analysis, it proves that the proposed image reconstruction optimization could largely improve the image quality with diffraction reconstruction computer‐generated holography in the past.
P‐84: A Method to Suppress the Speckle Noise of the Holographic Display Using Spatiotemporal Multiplexing Technology
Authors: Li Nan-Nan , Liu Su-Juan , Wang Di , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: May 2019

We propose a method to suppress the speckle noise of the holographic display using spatiotemporal multiplexing technology. The speckle noises are equalized by different random phase using time multiplexing and the number of calculation is reduced by space multiplexing. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
P‐85: Spatial‐Resolution‐Improved Light‐Field Imaging System Using Virtual‐Moving Microlens Array without Decrease of Angular Resolution
Authors: Lee Tae-Hyun , Lim Duck-Kyu , Park Min-Kyu , Joo Kyung-II , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: May 2019

We propose resolution‐enhanced light‐field (LF) imaging system utilizing the virtual‐moving microlens array (MLA). According to the polarization direction of the incident ray, the virtual‐moving MLA can shift sampling positions without physical movement. In our LF imaging system, the spatial‐resolution of the reconstructed images using virtual moving MLA was improved by four times while maintaining angular resolution compared with that obtained with conventional LF imaging system. The real‐time imaging capturing at video frame rate can be implemented by using fast switching polarization control layer.
P‐94: The Design of Front Light Guide System Based on R‐LCD
Authors: Liang Fei , Chen Xiuyun , Sun Lingyu , Du Jingjun , Zhong Peng , Hou Tingxiu , Fang Liyu
Published: May 2019

The power consumption can be decreased efficiently and the standby time can be extended significantly by applying R‐LCD (Reflection Liquid Crystal Display) technology. But the consumer experience in the weak ambient light is affected badly. So, front light guide system was design to apply in the R‐LCD to lift its display performance. Firstly, front light guide system was designed to match with R‐LCD to optimize display performance. Then, by optimizing the design of single micro structure, the front light guide system was matched with different R‐LCD efficiently. Thirdly, by optimizing the density distribution of micro structure, the display uniformity of R‐LCD was improved greatly. Fourth, by add reflection angle in the PC layer, the utilization ratio of light was elevated highly. As a conclusion, the display performance can be greatly improved by applying the design method proposed, promoting the application of R‐LCD.
P‐132: A Sticky, Thermo‐curable Nano‐Adhesive for Future Flexible Display Applications: Ultrathin, Soft, and Fast‐acting
Authors: Kwak Moo Jin , Jeong Kihoon , Joo Munkyu , Moon Heeyeon , Choi Siyoung Q. , Im Sung Gap
Published: May 2019

We suggest a thermally curable, “sticky” nano‐adhesive for future flexible display applications. Due to the low glass transition temperature (Tg), nano‐adhesive is readily attachable to various substrates. The adhesive was thermos‐curable via an ionic cross‐linking reaction within 5 min at 120 °C. The thickness of the nano‐adhesive can be reduced down to 50 nm and formed a uniform, conformal adhesion in a large area.
P‐98: Improved Cell Proliferation Effect on the Human Fibroblast by the Irradiation of Aging Processed PLEDs
Authors: Kim Hyuncheol , Jeon Yongmin , Choi Hye-Ryung , Choi Seungyeop , Kwon Seonil , Park Kyoung-Chan , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: May 2019

In this study, two types of PLEDs were utilized for an in‐vitro test to verify the effect of solution‐processed OLEDs on cell metabolic activity. As a result, there was no cytotoxicity on any of the irradiated fibroblast cells, and an improved cell proliferation effect of about 109% was obtained.
P‐104: The Development of 27inch TFT LCD Large Size Outdoor Application
Authors: Yewen Wang , Qiang He , Chun Ye , Aishi Chen , Shengping Shi , Yanting Duan , Wei Ding , Jiacheng Xu , Zhijun Wang
Published: May 2019

This paper introduces the development and performance of 27 inch TFT LCD FHD GDM vertical screen for outdoor which was successfully fabricated with IGZO process. A systematic research of properties, problems and the corresponding solutions of developing large size professional display applied outdoor is demonstrated. Moreover, the application of IGZO‐TFT device in professional display will become prosperous.
P‐105: A Directional Backlight Auto‐stereoscopic Display with a LCD as Backlight
Authors: Chen Xuehao , Li Kunyan , Ding Juan , Li Xiaoke , Ding Ruijie , Liang Haowen , Zhou Jianying
Published: May 2019

A LCD as backlight is applied to build up a directional backlight auto‐stereoscopic display system. The greyscale images used to control LCD backlight are simulated and created efficiently. A real‐time auto‐stereoscopic display system is set up, providing a great extensibility for the stereomicroscopy.
P‐107: A New Circular Optical‐clear Structure for Full‐screen LCD
Authors: Wang Hailiang , Yang Yan , Zheng Binyi , Wu Ling , Shen Poping , Li Junyi
Published: May 2019

We reported a new circular optical‐clear structure for full‐screen LCD. The front camera will be placed under the structure. The structure has outstanding features to meet the camera’s needs, such as the superior ability to restore the brightness and color of the environment, lower degree image ghosting and image distortion.
P‐110: Efficient Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Reducing Oxygen Vacancies of ZnO Nanoparticles with Recycling Process
Authors: Lee Ho Seung , Kim Dohong , Han Jun Hee , Lee Tae-Woo , Lee Somin , Jeon Duk Young , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: May 2019

A recycling process was easily carried out with just centrifugation to reduce the number of surface defects of ZnO nanoparticles, which are widely used as the electron transport layer in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes. The proposed process was successfully applied to improve device efficiency. Therefore, the results demonstrate that this new method has good potential to reduce waste material and improve material properties.
P‐112: Fabrication of Quantum Dot‐Polymer Nanocomposite Using Amphiphilic Polymer‐Encapsulation of Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Kab Pil , Yoon Cheolsang , Um Kiju , Jo Joon Hee , Kim Jungwook , Kim Young-Joo , Lee Kangtaek
Published: May 2019

We present a new method to fabricate quantum dot (QD)‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite using QDs encapsulated with poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride). Compared to the previous method, the as‐fabricated nanocomposites exhibit uniform QD dispersion and higher luminescence efficiency.
P‐114: White and Top‐Emitting Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Top Electrodes
Authors: Jin Shuang , Zhang Heng , Sun Yizhe , Su Qiang , Xia Fengtian , Chen Shuming
Published: May 2019

Top‐emitting white quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) have great promise for the active‐matrix display applications because the light emitting from the top electrodes greatly increases the aperture ratio of the display, while by working with color filters, they could enable the realization of high resolution, large area and full color display. However, it is difficult to achieve white emission in a conventional top‐emitting structure due to the microcavity effect. In this work, we develop white and top‐emitting QLEDs by using indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) as the top electrodes, which greatly alleviate the undesired microcavity effect. To enhance hole injection from bottom Al anode to the TFB hole transport layer, the double hole injection layers MoO3/PEDOT:PSS are utilized, and to protect the quantum dots (QDs) from damaging by the plasma, a compact electron transport layer based on ZnMgO:PVP composite is used. As a consequence, the demonstrated devices exhibit a high brightness of 12980 cd m−2, a pure white color with a 1931 Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.33, 0.33) and a high color stability. The demonstrated white and top‐emitting QLEDs, with high brightness and high color stability, would be ideal candidates for next generation active‐matrix display and solid‐state lighting applications.
P‐120: Degradation Mechanism and Lifetime Improvement of Blue Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ding Wen-Cheng , Lee Chun-Yu , Chen Chia-Hsun , Huang Li-Jen , Kuo Ya-Pei , Chen Peng-Yu , Lu Hsueh-Hsing , Lee Jiun-Haw
Published: May 2019

We have demonstrated that degradation of the hole‐transporting layer material in the blue quantum‐dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) is the main reason accounts for the efficiency loss operated under constant current driving, and the operation lifetime can be elongated by 85% under pulse‐mode driving compared to DC case.