bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baseline clinical and MRI risk factors for hamstring reinjury showing the value of performing baseline MRI and delaying return to play: a multicentre, prospective cohort of 330 acute hamstring injuries
Authors: Zein Muhammad Ikhwan , Mokkenstorm Milo J K , Cardinale Marco , Holtzhausen Louis , Whiteley Rod , Moen Maarten H , Reurink Guus , Tol Johannes L
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Studies identifying clinical and MRI reinjury risk factors are limited by relatively small sample sizes. This study aimed to examine the association between baseline clinical and MRI findings with the incidence of hamstring reinjuries using a large multicentre dataset.

Methods

We merged data from four prospective studies (three randomised controlled trials and one ongoing prospective case series) from Qatar and the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria included patients with MRI-confirmed acute hamstring injuries (<7 days). We performed multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis to assess the association of baseline clinical and MRI data with hamstring reinjury incidence within 2 months and 12 months of follow-up.

Results

330 and 308 patients were included in 2 months (31 (9%) reinjuries) and 12 months (52 (17%) reinjuries) analyses, respectively. In the 2-month analysis, the presence of discomfort during the active knee extension test was associated with reinjury risk (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 3.38; 95% CI 1.19 to 9.64). In the 12 months analysis, the time to return to play (RTP) (ARR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00), straight leg raise angle on the injured leg (ARR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00), the presence of discomfort during active knee extension test (ARR 2.52; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.78), the extent of oedema anteroposterior on MRI (ARR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.96) and myotendinous junction (MTJ) involvement on MRI (ARR 3.10; 95% CI 1.39 to 6.93) were independently associated with hamstring reinjury.

Conclusions

Two clinical findings (the presence of discomfort during active knee extension test, lower straight leg raise angle on the injured leg), two MRI findings (less anteroposterior oedema, MTJ involvement) and shorter time to RTP were independently associated with increased hamstring reinjury risk. These findings may assist the clinician to identify patients at increased reinjury risk following acute hamstring injury.

Trial registration numbers

NCT01812564;NCT02104258; NL2643; NL55671.018.16
Outrunning the grim reaper: longevity of the first 200 sub-4 min mile male runners
Authors: Foulkes Stephen , Hewitt Dean , Skow Rachel , Dover Douglas , Kaul Padma , La Gerche André , Haykowsky Mark
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To determine the impact of running a sub-4 min mile on longevity. It was hypothesised that there would be an increase in longevity for runners who successfully completed a sub-4 min mile compared with the general population.

Methods

As part of this retrospective cohort study, the Sub-4 Alphabetic Register was used to extract the first 200 athletes to run a sub-4 min mile. Each runner’s date of birth, date of their first successful mile attempt, current age (if alive) or age at death was compared with the United Nations Life Tables to determine the difference in each runner’s current age or age at death with their country of origin-specific life expectancy.

Results

Of the first 200 sub-4 min mile runners (100% male), 60 were dead (30%) and 140 were still alive. Sub-4 min mile runners lived an average of 4.7 years beyond their predicted life expectancy (95% CI 4.7 to 4.8). When accounting for the decade of completion (1950s, 1960s or 1970s), the longevity benefits were 9.2 years (n=22; 95% CI 8.3 to 10.1), 5.5 years (n=88; 95% CI 5.3 to 5.7) and 2.9 years (n=90; 95% CI 2.7 to 3.1), respectively.

Conclusion

Sub-4 min mile runners have increased longevity compared with the general population, thereby challenging the notion that extreme endurance exercise may be detrimental to longevity.
Glucose levels measured with continuous glucose monitoring in uncomplicated pregnancies
Authors: Carlson Anders L , Beck Roy W , Li Zoey , Norton Elizabeth , Bergenstal Richard M , Johnson Mary , Dunnigan Sean , Banfield Matthew , Krumwiede Katie J , Sibayan Judy R , Calhoun Peter , Durnwald Celeste
Published: May 2024

Introduction

To characterize glucose levels during uncomplicated pregnancies, defined as pregnancy with a hemoglobin A1c <5.7% (<39 mmol/mol) in early pregnancy, and without a large-for-gestational-age birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or gestational diabetes mellitus (ie, abnormal oral glucose tolerance test).

Research design and methods

Two sites enrolled 937 pregnant individuals aged 18 years and older prior to reaching 17 gestational weeks; 413 had an uncomplicated pregnancy (mean±SD body mass index (BMI) of 25.3±5.0 kg/m2) and wore Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices throughout the observed gestational period. Mealtimes were voluntarily recorded. Glycemic levels during gestation were characterized using CGM-measured glycemic metrics.

Results

Participants wore CGM for a median of 123 days each. Glucose levels were nearly stable throughout all three trimesters in uncomplicated pregnancies. Overall mean±SD glucose during gestation was 98±7 mg/dL (5.4±0.4 mmol/L), median per cent time 63–120 mg/dL (3.5–6.7 mmol/L) was 86% (IQR: 82–89%), median per cent time <63 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L) was 1.8%, median per cent time >120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) was 11%, and median per cent time >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) was 2.5%. Mean post-prandial peak glucose was 126±22 mg/dL (7.0±1.2 mmol/L), and mean post-prandial glycemic excursion was 36±22 mg/dL (2.0±1.2 mmol/L). Higher mean glucose levels were low to moderately associated with pregnant individuals with higher BMIs (103±6 mg/dL (5.7±0.3 mmol/L) for BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2vs 96±7 mg/dL (5.3±0.4 mmol/L) for BMI 18.5–<25 kg/m2, r=0.35).

Conclusions

Mean glucose levels and time 63–120 mg/dL (3.5–6.7 mmol/L) remained nearly stable throughout pregnancy and values above 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) were rare. Mean glucose levels in pregnancy trend higher as BMI increases into the overweight/obesity range. The glycemic metrics reported during uncomplicated pregnancies represent treatment targets for pregnant individuals.
First-in-human phase 1 study of the arginase inhibitor INCB001158 alone or combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumours
Authors: Naing Aung , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P , Pishvaian Michael J , Rahma Osama , Hanna Glenn J , Garralda Elena , Saavedra Omar , Gogov Sven , Kallender Howard , Cheng LuLu , Smith Michael , Chen Xuejun , Kuriakose Emil , Bauer Todd
Published: May 2024

Objective

The arginase inhibitor INCB001158 was evaluated for safety (primary endpoint) in locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours; pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy were also assessed.

Methods and analysis

In this non-randomised, open-label, three-part phase 1 study, INCB001158 was orally administered two times per day as monotherapy or in combination with intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. Dose expansion was conducted in tumour-type cohorts (with or without prior anti−PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1) therapy).

Results

A total of 107 patients received INCB001158 50–150 mg two times per day as monotherapy, and 153 patients, including 6 with moderate renal impairment, received INCB001158 50–100 mg two times per day combined with pembrolizumab. INCB001158 exposure was similar between groups (median, 56 days (monotherapy); 84 days (combination)). 49 patients (45.8%) on monotherapy and 76 (51.7%) on combination therapy experienced grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). The most common INCB001158-related AEs were fatigue (n=10/107 (9.3%)) and nausea (n=10/107 (9.3%)) with monotherapy and diarrhoea (n=24/147 (16.3%)) and fatigue (n=22/147 (15.0%)) with combination therapy. The highest response rate was seen in the anti–PD-1/PD-L1–naive combination therapy group with head/neck squamous cell carcinoma (overall response rate, 19.2%; 4/26 partial responses, 1/26 complete response). Consistent with arginase inhibition activity, plasma arginine dose-dependently increased. Arginase 1 expression in the tumour microenvironment did not correlate with response.

Conclusions

INCB001158 was generally well tolerated. Response rates did not exceed background for given tumour types despite demonstrable pharmacodynamic activity. Overall, the limited antitumour activity of arginase inhibition observed suggests that the role of arginine depletion in cancer is multifaceted.

Trial registration number

NCT02903914.
SurLym trial: study protocol for a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial on the added value of reconstructive lymphatic surgery to decongestive lymphatic therapy for the treatment of lymphoedema
Authors: Devoogdt Nele , De Vrieze Tessa , Heroes An-Kathleen , Bechter-Hugl Beate , Fieuws Steffen , Godderis Lode , Segers Katarina , Maleux Geert , Deltombe Thierry , Frippiat Jacqueline , Servaes Maxime , Berners Aline , Fosseprez Philippe , Krug Bruno , Kayser Francoise , Falticeanu Ana , Randon Caren , Monten Chris , Van Landuyt Koen , De Pypere Bernard , Degraeve Liesl , Decorte Tina , De Schryver Mieke , Van Besien Vickie , Devos Daniel , Suominen Sinikka , Ayala Jaume Masia , Pons Gemma , Fourneau Inge , Thomis Sarah
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Lymphoedema is a chronic condition caused by lymphatic insufficiency. It leads to swelling of the limb/midline region and an increased risk of infection. Lymphoedema is often associated with mental and physical problems limiting quality of life. The first choice of treatment is a conservative treatment, consisting of exercises, skin care, lymph drainage and compression. Reconstructive lymphatic surgery is also often performed, that is, lymphovenous anastomoses, lymph node transfer or a combination. However, robust evidence on the effectiveness of reconstructive lymphatic surgery is missing. Therefore, the objective of this trial is to investigate the added value of reconstructive lymphatic surgery to the conservative treatment in patients with lymphoedema.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre randomised controlled and pragmatic trial was started in March 2022 in three Belgian university hospitals. 90 patients with arm lymphoedema and 90 patients with leg lymphoedema will be included. All patients are randomised between conservative treatment alone (control group) or conservative treatment with reconstructive lymphatic surgery (intervention group). Assessments are performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. The primary outcome is lymphoedema-specific quality of life at 18 months. Key secondary outcomes are limb volume and duration of wearing the compression garment at 18 months. The approach of reconstructive lymphatic surgery is based on presurgical investigations including clinical examination, lymphofluoroscopy, lymphoscintigraphy, lymph MRI or CT angiography (if needed). All patients receive conservative treatment during 36 months, which is applied by the patient’s own physical therapist and by the patient self. From months 7 to 12, the hours a day of wearing the compression garment are gradually decreased.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the ethical committees of University Hospitals Leuven, Ghent University Hospital and CHU UCL Namur. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT05064176
Risk communication in cataract surgery
Authors: Martinez Diana Lucia , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. , Schlenker Matthew B.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Risk communication is an integral aspect of shared decision-making and evidence-based patient choice. There is currently no recommended way of communicating risks and benefits of cataract surgery to patients. This study aims to investigate whether the way this information is presented influences patients’ perception of how risky surgery will be.

Methods and analysis

Two-arm parallel randomised study and patients referred for cataract surgery were assigned to receive information framed either positively (99% chance of no adverse effects) or negatively (1% chance of adverse effects). Subsequently, patients rated their perceived risk of experiencing surgical side effects on a 1–6 scale.

Results

This study included 100 patients, 50 in each study group. Median (IQR) risk perception was 2 (1–2) in the positive framing group and 3 (1–3) in the negative framing group (p<0.0001). Risk framing was the only factor that was significant in risk perception, with no differences found by other patient clinical or demographic characteristics.

Conclusion

Patients who received positive framing reported lower risk scores for cataract surgery than patients who received negative framing. Patient factors were not identified as significant determinants in patients’ perceived risk. Larger longitudinal studies are warranted to further investigate.
On dark energy effects on the accretion physics around a Kiselev spinning black hole
Authors: Pugliese D. , Stuchlík Z.
Published: May 2024

Kiselev metric in the static and rotating form is widely used to test different aspects of the dark energy (DE) effects. We consider a DE Kiselev spacetime, predicting the reduction to the Kerr black hole (BH) solution under suitable conditions on the DE parameters and in this frame we study the effects of the dark energy on BHs and disks accretion. Elaborating a close comparison with the limiting vacuum Kerr spacetime, we focus on thick accretion disks around the central BH in the Kiselev solution, both co-rotating and counter-rotating with respect the central BH. We examine different aspects of BH accretion energetics by focusing on quantities related to the accretion rates and cusp luminosity, when considered the DE presence, related to the pure Kerr central BH. Our findings show that in these conditions heavy divergences with respect to the vacuum case are expected for the DE metrics. A known effect of the Kiselev metric is to lead to a false estimation the BH spin, we confirm this characteristic from the fluids dynamics analysis. Remarkably our results show that DE is affecting differently the accretion physics, and particularly the accretion rate, according to the fluid rotation orientation with respect to the central spinning attractor, leading in some cases to an under-estimation of the BH spin mass ratio. These contrasting aspects emerging in dependence on the fluids rotational orientation can be a distinguishing general DE feature which could lead to a revised observational paradigm where DE existence is considered.
Characterisation of the neutron sources in use at STUK SSDL through a new transfer instrument with spectrometric capabilities
Authors: Bedogni R. , Russo L. , Calamida A. , Campoy A. I. Castro , Caballero-Pacheco M. A. , Dashdondog D. , Mafucci E. , Monti V. , Costa M. , Pietropaolo A. , Gomez-Ros J. M. , Toroi P. , Huikari J.
Published: May 2024

Characterising neutron sources for calibration or generic testing purposes is a complex task, as the neutron spectrum may depend, to some extent, on the construction characteristics of the source. Bonner spheres (BS) are the traditional spectrometric transfer instruments, but they are very sensitive to room scatter and required measurements are highly time consuming. The recently developed NCT-WES device, belonging to the family of the Single Moderator Neutron Spectrometers, has been proposed as a convenient alternative to BS. This work presents the results of a demonstration campaign organised at the STUK neutron metrology laboratory (Finland) in July 2023, where the spectra from two 252Cf and two 241Am-Be sources were determined. For the 241Am-Be sources, the results were compared to the spectra of two categories recently introduced by ISO 8529-1. Based on the results it was concluded that the “large” source category is an appropriate selection for STUK sources. The campaign also proved the operational advantages of NCT-WES as spectrometric transfer instrument.
Radiation attenuation properties of transparent aluminum oxynitride: a comprehensive study
Authors: Yıldırım Aydın
Published: May 2024

The investigation of radiation-durable materials with outstanding gamma shielding capabilities and lead-free alternatives remains a compelling area of research. This study fills a critical gap by exploring, for the first time, the radiation attenuation properties of the novel material aluminum oxynitride (AlON) and its shielding mechanism. Utilizing the XCOM database and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, we systematically examined AlON’s linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth-value layer, mean-free path, effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Comparing AlON to traditional shielding materials and glasses, including both lead-containing and lead-free compositions, our study suggests its superiority over concrete and lead-free glasses. At higher energies, AlON demonstrates comparability with lead-doped materials. These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential applications of AlON across diverse radiation shielding contexts. This research provides a foundational understanding of AlON’s radiation attenuation capabilities, paving the way for future exploration and practical applications in the field of gamma shielding.
Off-resonance electronic detection and cooling of ions in a Penning trap
Authors: Ringleb Stefan , Kiffer Markus , Vogel Manuel , Stöhlker Thomas
Published: May 2024

We present a non-destructive electronic detector for stored charged particles in a Penning trap that uses a symmetric electrode arrangement for signal pickup and a resonator without tap. This system has advantageous off-resonance features which are demonstrated by means of detection and cooling measurements with highly charged ions in a cryogenic Penning trap. In particular, it allows for particle detection across a wide range of frequencies that is not concomitant with cooling and offers a novel way to tune a trap with the help of non-destructive measurements on large particle ensembles.
Degrading the accuracy of interlayer link prediction: A method based on the analysis of node importance
Authors: Tang Rui , Yong Ziyun , Mei Yiguo , Li Xiangze , Li Jingxi , Ding Junkai , Mo Xian
Published: May 2024

Interlayer link prediction aims to identify the same entities in multiplex networks, providing significant value for applications like social network analysis and personalized recommendations. However, malicious individuals can misuse it to aggregate users’ private information. To address this, social network platforms must explore preventive measures, such as useful information deletion or noise information addition, to attack successful interlayer link prediction. This study introduces a novel node importance-based network structure perturbation method to degrade the accuracy of interlayer link prediction algorithms hence protecting user privacy. It utilizes the “guessing the friends” game analogy to identify influential nodes in social networks based on degree centrality. Perturbation involves randomly removing connections from nodes with low, medium, and high degree centrality. Multiple interlayer link prediction algorithms are evaluated under these perturbation attacks to assess their impact. Experiments on real-world datasets validate the proposed method’s effectiveness and reveal that perturbing the nodes with low degree centrality significantly affects interlayer link prediction accuracy. This research contributes valuable insights into safeguarding user privacy in interlayer link prediction, offering a robust approach anchored in node importance considerations. It promises to advance interlayer link prediction techniques and protect social network user privacy effectively.
Efficient computational method using random matrices describing critical thermodynamics
Authors: da Silva Roberto , Filho Eliseu Venites , Prado Sandra D. , de Felício J. R. D.
Published: May 2024

Our study emphasizes the efficacy of employing matrices resembling Wishart matrices, derived from magnetization time series data within specific dynamics, to elucidate phase transitions and critical phenomena in the Q-state Potts model. Through the application of appropriate statistical methods, we not only identify second-order transitions but also distinguish weaker first-order transitions by carefully analyzing the density of eigenvalues and their fluctuations. Additionally, we investigate the method’s sensitivity to stronger first-order transition points. Notably, we establish a robust correlation between the system’s actual thermodynamics and the spectral thermodynamics encapsulated within the eigenvalues. Our findings are further supported by correlation histograms of the time series data, revealing insightful patterns. Building upon our core results, we provide a didactic analysis that draws parallels between the spectral properties of criticality in a spin system and matrices intentionally imbued with correlations (a toy model). Within this framework, we observe a universal behavior characterized by the distribution of eigenvalues into two distinct groups, separated by a gap dependent on the level of correlation, influenced by temperature-induced changes in the spin system.
On the qualitative behavior and numerical analysis of a calcium oscillation model through Atangana–Baleanu operator in Caputo sense
Authors: Yaşar Elif , Yaşar Emrullah
Published: May 2024

In this research, we regard a miniature significant for many cell types and activates stimulants against external interventions, thereby causing calcium oscillation. We stage the dependent variables regarding the Atangana–Balenau derivative operator in terms of Caputo so that the model can be physically interpreted better. The study investigates the existence and uniqueness of solutions using fixed point theory, stability in terms of Hyers–Ulam, positivity and numerical solutions. In addition, spacetime, phase diagrams and three-dimensional graphic simulations are presented due to the Lagrange interpolation technique for parameter selections that match the existence and uniqueness condition of the solution.
A New Cost-Sharing Scheme for Cleaning Up Polluted Line-Structure River
Authors: Hou Dongshuang , Han Weibin , Gogoi Loyimee
Published: May 2024

Cleaning up a polluted river requires coordinated actions among different firms along the river. The key to promoting and enriching the firms’ cooperation is to share the pollution cleanup cost among these firms fairly and reasonably. In this paper, we propose a new cost-sharing scheme, called the entire upstream agents compensation method (the EUAC method for short), for a line-structure river cleanup cost-sharing problem by considering the waste transfer rate for each river segment. On the one hand, we offer a re-allocation scenario in order to implement the EUAC method. On the other hand, to reveal the rationality and stability of this proposed method, we formulate a cooperative cost game for the line-structure river cleanup cost-sharing problem, and show that the EUAC method coincides with the Shapley value of this game and belongs to the core of this game.
Genetic Clustering Algorithm Based on the Division and Combination of Layer Series of Development
Authors: Jiang Hongfen , Gu Junfeng , Xi Haixu , Yu Qian , Liu Yijun
Published: May 2024

Petroleum is a critical industrial material. In the process of oilfield development, the Fisher’s optimal segmentation method is often used to solve the problem of division and combination of layer series of development. However, when encountering the problem of long samples, this method has particularly obvious drawbacks due to the high storage requirements of the calculation process. Therefore, in practical work, the Fisher’s optimal binary segmentation method is generally used instead. Although it avoids storage problems, it is prone to falling into local optima. On the basis of analyzing the shortcomings of Fisher’s optimal segmentation and optimal binary segmentation algorithms, this paper processes a genetic clustering algorithm. This algorithm overcomes the problem of Fisher’s optimal binary segmentation algorithm easily falling into local optima and solves the problem of high storage capacity requirements in the calculation process of Fisher’s optimal segmentation algorithm. Taking the data of 17 subzones in S-2 8-11 sand groups of the Shahejie Formation of the Lower Tertiary in the Dongxin area as an example, this algorithm is applied to divide and combine layer series of development. The experimental results show that the algorithm’s partitioning results are reasonable and can optimize the selection of development layers and provide decision support for the production of oil and gas resources.
Global Path Planning Algorithm for Unmanned Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Strategy
Authors: Xie Jun , Jiang Qing , Wang Yuxiao , Zhang Yifan
Published: May 2024

To overcome the limitations of unmanned vehicle global path planning with the sole objective of distance, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization strategy is proposed for indoor unmanned vehicle path planning. This strategy integrates objectives related to travel distance and cumulative turning angle. The traditional distance function is enhanced to accelerate algorithm convergence, and cumulative turning angle is introduced to construct a comprehensive function, meeting the demands of multi-objective navigation. The Pareto solution set concept is incorporated, and through the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, optimal paths for different travel objectives are identified, enhancing solution comprehensiveness. Experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved algorithm.
A Divide-and-Rule Combined Learning Method for Truly Multivariate Time Series Prediction
Authors: Wei Bing , Sang Shiqing , Yao Liangyong , Gao Lei , Liu Yan , Han Tao , Li Jintao
Published: May 2024

Multivariate time series prediction is a significant research area that aims to forecast future values based on past observations. Deep learning models with attention mechanisms have shown good predictive performance by emphasizing optimal-related sequences in the target series. However, these models ignore mutation information of nontarget sequences and the long short-term dependencies. To this end, a divide-and-rule combined learning method is proposed to address these limitations, which uses differentiated feature extractors to process different implicit features. First, we design a spatial and temporal information extractor to extract the time-dimensional feature information in the separation stage. Then, a multivariate mutation information extractor is constructed by convolution and maximum pooling layer to capture mutation information of nontarget sequences. Subsequently, the decoder component of the encoder-decoder model extracts long short-term dependencies while preserving the information of the target sequence to be predicted. Finally, in the cooperation stage, a feature fusion method based on a point attention mechanism is proposed, which can assign individual weights to each feature point and enhance the ability to focus on local areas. Experimental results on five real datasets in different domains show that the proposed method has better predictive performance compared to other baseline models.
An Adaptive Xception Model for Classification of Brain Tumors
Authors: Thakur Arastu , Mahesh T. R. , Khan Surbhi Bhatia , Palaiahnakote Shivakumara , Vinoth Kumar V. , Almusharraf Ahlam , Mashat Arwa
Published: May 2024

Classification of different brain tumors is challenging due to unpredictable variations in intra-inter-classes. Unlike existing methods which are not effective for images of complex backgrounds, the proposed work aims at accurate classification of diverse types of brain tumors such that an appropriate model can be used for disease identification. This study considers glioma, meningioma, no tumor, and pituitary tumors for classification. To achieve an accurate classification, we explore the Xception architecture layer, which involves flattening, dropout, and dense layer operations. The model extracts features based on shapes, spatial relationships, and structure of the image, discriminating between the different brain tumor images. The model is evaluated on a dataset of 7023 MRI images for classification. The results of a large dataset and comparative study with the existing methods show that the proposed method is better than state of the art in terms of classification rate. Specifically, our method achieves more than a 90% average classification rate, which is better than state of the art. The results on noisy and blurred datasets show that the proposed model is robust to noise and blur.
Toward a Hybrid Approach Combining Deep Learning and Case-Based Reasoning for Phishing Email Detection
Authors: Remmide Mohamed Abdelkarim , Boumahdi Fatima , Boustia Narhimene
Published: May 2024

Phishing attacks are increasing every year, both in terms of number and technique. Using only human weaknesses, an attacker can easily obtain the victim’s credentials or access their network. The problem persists despite many approaches offered by researchers, due to its dynamic nature, in which new phishing tactics are created every time. We, therefore, need more robust and effective methods to detect phishing emails. In this paper, we aim to detect phishing emails using the body text of the email with the hybrid approach combining case-based reasoning (CBR) and a deep learning model. Our proposed model, called DL-CBR, consists of a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) + Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) network with an attention mechanism followed by a CBR classifier. The deep learning model is used for email representation, where it is trained using the [Formula: see text]-pair loss function. To demonstrate the performance of DL-CBR, evaluation metrics, such as precision, accuracy, recall, and F-measure, were used, where we obtained an accuracy of 98.28%. The results show that our model outperformed other CBRs that utilize classical text representations like TF-IDF and Bag-of-Words. Additionally, while our model’s performance is slightly below that of the state-of-the-art models, it offers several advantages inherent to CBR. For instance, it can learn from new cases and update their database accordingly.
ANC and SF of bound states in 15N→14C+p, 16O→15N+p, 19F→18O+p, 32S→31P+p
Authors: Ruziev E. T. , Artemov S. V. , Tojiboev O. R.
Published: May 2024

Asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) and spectroscopic factors (SFs) for proton binding in the ground states of the [Formula: see text]N, [Formula: see text]O, [Formula: see text]F and [Formula: see text]S nuclei were extracted from an analysis of available literature data on the (3He[Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) reactions. Modified DWBA and ADWA analyses showed that the proton transfer process is more peripheral in (3He,d) reactions and therefore more reliable for determining the ANCs. As a result of the comparative analysis of peripheral (3He,d) and nonperipheral ([Formula: see text]) reactions, the uncertainties in the extracted values of SFs were reduced. The data obtained are to be used in calculating astrophysical S-factors for radiative proton capture.
Riemannian distance and symplectic embeddings in cotangent bundle
Authors: Broćić Filip
Published: May 2024

Given an open neighborhood [Formula: see text] of the zero section in the cotangent bundle of [Formula: see text] we define a distance-like function [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] using certain symplectic embeddings from the standard ball [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We show that when [Formula: see text] is the unit-disk cotangent bundle of a Riemannian metric on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] recovers the metric. As an intermediate step, we give a new construction of a symplectic embedding of the ball of capacity 4 to the product of Lagrangian disks [Formula: see text], and we give a new proof of the strong Viterbo conjecture about normalized capacities for [Formula: see text]. We also give bounds of the symplectic packing number of two balls in a unit-disk cotangent bundle relative to the zero section [Formula: see text].
Effect of Amplifier on Vehicle Scanning Method Concerning Pitching Responses
Authors: Yang Judy P. , Wang Ching-Chien
Published: May 2024

A vehicle–bridge system with a tunable amplifier is proposed to enhance the resolution of frequency identification in the vehicle scanning method (VSM), with a particular interest in the wheel-center spectra to account for pitching responses. Both semi-analytical and finite element formulations are established. The viability of the proposed amplifier–vehicle–bridge system is demonstrated in consideration of bridge types and boundary conditions, damping effect, and pavement irregularity. The major findings include the following: (1) The tunable feature of the amplifier enhances the visibility of higher-order bridge frequencies in its spectrum. (2) The vehicle responses can be removed in the cancellation conditions of the amplifier while the resonance conditions of the amplifier are not affected by vehicle damping under harmonic excitation. (3) The shifted higher-order bridge frequencies are distinctly shown in the wheel-center spectra, indicating the potential use of pitching responses in VSM. (4) The pitching responses have shown that the front-wheel spectrum has a higher resolution than the rear one, as influenced by the driving direction.
Crashworthiness Study of Hexagonal Honeycomb Based on Fractal Design
Authors: Wang Chengming , Deng Xiaolin , Yang Fumo
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the energy absorption (EA) of honeycombs in the out-of-plane direction. Inspired by the Koch fractal, a fractal hexagonal honeycomb (FHH) is presented in this paper. In our study, we use Abaqus/Explicit to build a finite element model of the honeycomb, through which we conduct a series of studies on the performance of this honeycomb. Initially, we compare the mechanical properties and deformation modes of the FHH with those of a conventional hexagonal honeycomb. The results demonstrate notable improvements in crashworthiness metrics for the FHH, including a 52% increase in specific EA, a 45% enhancement in crushing load efficiency (CLE), and an 8% reduction in peak crushing force (PCF) compared to the conventional counterpart. Subsequently, this paper investigates the fractal arc honeycomb and evaluates the effect of the center angle on mechanical properties by varying its value. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of layered honeycomb and fractal honeycomb structures with different wall thicknesses are systematically examined. In the last section, we explore the theoretical analysis of the fractal-hexagonal honeycomb and find that the results of the theoretical analysis are in good agreement with those of the simulation, indicating that the experimental simulation results are reliable. Overall, the findings of this study offer valuable insights for the innovative design of hexagonal honeycomb structures, providing a reference for future advancements in this field.
Basis of the free noncommutative Novikov algebra
Authors: Dauletiyarova A. , Sartayev B. K.
Published: May 2024

As it is known, the defining identities of a free Novikov algebra can be obtained from a commutative algebra with a derivation. In this paper, we consider a class of algebras obtained from the class of associative algebras with a derivation that generalizes Novikov algebras. Such objects are called noncommutative Novikov algebras. We construct a monomial basis for a free noncommutative Novikov algebra.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD AND VERIFICATION OF DIGITAL TWIN MECHANISM MODEL OF PULMONARY VENTILATION
Authors: ZHANG JIGUO , MA SONGHUA , HU TIANLIANG , LIAN XIANHUI
Published: May 2024

The establishment of a fully functional and accurate pulmonary ventilation mechanism model is of great significance to simulate the real respiratory states of the specified human and configure respiratory therapeutic equipment (such as ventilators and simulated lungs). This paper proposed an alternative method to establish the digital twin mechanism model of pulmonary ventilation, which is a composition of the geometric and physical model mapping to the real respiratory process of humans. Through simulation, it could more intuitively reflect respiratory states and generate reliable respiratory data. The consistency of the digital twin of pulmonary ventilation was verified by the respiratory experiments. According to the verification results, the correlation coefficient and goodness of fit were 98.4% and 96.8%, respectively, in different respiratory patterns; 98.4% and 96.2%, respectively, in different examinees. It can be concluded that the digital twin of pulmonary ventilation could well mimic various respiratory patterns of different human bodies. Then it can generate reliable data to support the parameter settings of the respiratory therapeutic devices and auxiliary respiratory devices such as simulated lungs and ventilators.
A Novel Hybrid RSM-ANN Model for Surface Roughness Prediction in Turning of Al 6061 Alloy
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Guleria Vikrant , Kumar Sunil
Published: May 2024

Surface roughness prediction based solely on cutting parameters provides a quantified value regardless of tool condition, making it suitable for initial parameter selection. However, to achieve accurate surface roughness prediction, the current tool condition must be incorporated into the model. This can be accomplished by utilizing vibration or cutting force signals. In this study, we develop a hybrid response surface methodology-artificial neural network (RSM-ANN) model for predicting surface roughness by combining cutting parameters and vibration data. Four different RSM models were developed, and the best-performing model was selected as input for the hybrid RSM-ANN model. A comparison was made between the hybrid model, a basic ANN model with four inputs (three cutting parameters and one mean vibration in the [Formula: see text]-direction), and other ANN models with all possible combinations of these four variables. The hybrid model demonstrated the highest accuracy with the mean square error of 0.00332 with the highest coefficient of regression value of 0.99802 when compared to the other models.
Multiplicity and concentration of solutions for Kirchhoff equations with exponential growth
Authors: Sun Xueqi , Fu Yongqiang , Liang Sihua
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we deal with fractional [Formula: see text]-Laplace Kirchhoff equations with exponential growth of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a positive parameter, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Under some appropriate conditions for the nonlinear function [Formula: see text] and potential function [Formula: see text], and with the help of penalization method and Lyusternik–Schnirelmann theory, we establish the existence, multiplicity and concentration of solutions. To some extent, we fill in the gaps in [W. Chen and H. Pan, Multiplicity and concentration of solutions for a fractional [Formula: see text]-Kirchhoff type equation, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 43 (2023) 2576–2607; G. Figueiredo and J. Santos, Multiplicity and concentration behavior of positive solutions for a Schrödinger–Kirchhoff type problem via penalization method, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var. 20 (2014) 389–415; X. He and W. Zou, Existence and concentration behavior of positive solutions for a Kirchhoff equation in [Formula: see text] J. Differential Equations 252 (2012) 1813–1834; J. Wang, L. Tian, J. Xu and F. Zhang, Multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for a Kirchhoff type problem with critical growth, J. Differential Equations 253 (2012) 2314–2351].
Characterizations of Lie-type derivation on primitive rings with idempotents
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Jabeen Aisha
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be primitive ring of characteristic different from two with nontrivial idempotents. Then every Lie-type derivation can be written in the standard form under certain assumptions.
HME-KG: A method of constructing the human motion encoding knowledge graph based on a hierarchical motion model
Authors: Liu Qi , Huang Tianyu , Li Xiangchen
Published: May 2024

The diversity, infinity, and nonuniform description of human motion make it challenging for computers to understand human activities. To explore and reuse captured human motion data, this work defines a more comprehensive hierarchical theoretical model of human motion and proposes a standard human posture encoding scheme. We construct a domain knowledge graph (DKG) named the human motion encoding knowledge graph (HME-KG) based on posture codes and action labels. Community detection, similarity analysis, and centrality analysis are used to explore the potential value of motion data. This paper conducts an evaluation and visualization of HME-KG.
Comparison of Long-Term Healthcare Cost and Utilisation of Nonoperative and Surgical Management of Thumb CMC Arthritis
Authors: YOON Alfred P. , WU Hao , CHUNG William T. , WANG Lu , CHUNG Kevin C.
Published: May 2024

Background: Thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMC) osteoarthritis is the most symptomatic hand arthritis but the long-term healthcare burden for managing this condition is unknown. We sought to compare total healthcare cost and utilisation for operative and nonoperative treatments of thumb CMC arthritis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis using a large nationwide insurance claims database. A total of 18,705 patients underwent CMC arthroplasty (trapeziectomy with or without ligament reconstruction tendon interposition) or steroid injections between 1 October 2015 and 31 December 2018. Primary outcomes, healthcare utilisation and costs were measured from 1 year pre-intervention to 3 years post-intervention. Generalised linear mixed effect models adjusted for potentially confounding factors such as the Elixhauser comorbidity score with propensity score matching were applied to evaluate the association between the primary outcomes and treatment type.

Results: A total of 13,646 patients underwent treatment through steroid injections, and 5,059 patients underwent CMC arthroplasty. At 1 year preoperatively, the surgery group required $635 more healthcare costs (95% CI [594.28, 675.27]; p < 0.001) and consumed 42% more healthcare utilisation (95% CI [1.38, 1.46]; p < 0.0001) than the steroid injection group. At 3 years postoperatively, the surgery group required $846 less healthcare costs (95% CI [−883.07, −808.51], p < 0.0001) and had 51% less utilisation (95% CI [0.49, 0.53]; p < 0.0001) annually. Cumulatively over 3 years, the surgical group on average was $4,204 costlier than its counterpart secondary to surgical costs.

Conclusions: CMC arthritis treatment incurs high healthcare cost and utilisation independent of other medical comorbidities. At 3 years postoperatively, the annual healthcare cost and utilisation for surgical patients were less than those for patients who underwent conservative management, but this difference was insufficient to offset the initial surgical cost.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Metacarpal Fracture Fixation with Intramedullary Screws
Authors: GEORGE Adam R. , DRAGAN Zac , ABBOT Hagen , HANDFORD Cameron , GRAHAM David J. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman
Published: May 2024

Background: Intramedullary screws (IMS) have become a viable option for metacarpal fracture fixation. To further appraise their utility, this study assessed clinical and patient-reported short- and medium-term outcomes of IMS fixation for extra-articular metacarpal fractures.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in a series of 32 patients (with a total of 37 fractures) who underwent metacarpal fracture fixation over a 42-month period between January 2020 and July 2023.

Results: Mean time for return to work was 39.8 days; mean time for return to full function was 88.4 days; total active motion was 250.7° (range: 204.9–270.9); Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 2.3 (range: 0–22.7); mean visual analogue pain score was 0.9 out of 10 (range: 0–6) and a single complication was observed.

Conclusions: The use of IMS in metacarpal fracture fixation is a practicable surgical option. IMS fixations yields a satisfactory duration for return to function, good postoperative range of movement, modest pain scores and low rates of complications.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Scapular Elevation Sign – A New Sign in Evaluation of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: NORDBACK Panu H. , SEBASTIN Sandeep J. , YONG Zachary Z. , LEE Ellen Y. , LIM Aymeric Y. T.
Published: May 2024

Background: We noted that patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) have elevation of the ipsilateral scapula and named this the scapular elevation sign (SES). The aim was to determine the prevalence of SES in a normal cohort, compare SES with other provocative tests and to determine the treatment effect on SES.

Methods: First, normal asymptomatic subjects were prospectively assessed to determine the prevalence of SES in a normal cohort. Second, patients with TOS were retrospectively examined for the presence of SES and four provocative tests: supraclavicular pressure, scalene test, elevated arm stress test (EAST) and the military brace manoeuvre. All patients were initially treated non-surgically. Surgery was offered to patients with persistent symptoms at 6 months. Patients were re-examined for the presence of the SES after treatment.

Results: The prevalence of SES in our normal cohort was 4% (2/53). Our study cohort included 20 patients with TOS. The SES was positive in 18 patients (90%). Supraclavicular pressure was positive in 11 (55%), scalene test in 13 (65%), EAST in 9 (45%) and military brace manoeuvre in 11 patients (55%). Following non-surgical treatment, six patients had symptom resolution, three had improvement, nine persistent symptoms and two were lost to follow-up. The SES was positive in one out of six patients with symptom resolution, two out of three patients with improvement and in all nine patients with persistent symptoms. Patients with persistent symptoms underwent surgery with symptom resolution in eight and improvement in one patient. The SES remained positive in two patients after surgical treatment.

Conclusions: The SES is simple and sensitive, does not rely on variations in performance of the test and suitable for diagnosis and assessment of outcomes of TOS.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Diagnostic)
Experimental Validation of a Coupled Acoustic Fluid-Poroelastic-Plate Model with Frontal and Lateral Source Excitations
Authors: Sagartzazu X. , Hervella-Nieto L. M. , Prieto A.
Published: May 2024

This work deals with a coupled acoustic problem involving a compressible fluid and a poroelastic material contained in a cavity whose walls are all rigid except for the top, where a flexible plate is placed. The fluid is described utilizing its acoustic pressure, whereas, for the plate, the Naghdi shell model is used. The mechanical behaviour of the absorbing layer attached to the plate is described by using the Biot-Allard model, where the governing equations are written in the displacement-based formulation. The main novelty of this work lies in addressing the coupling between the plate and the poroelastic medium using the Reissner-Mindlin formulation for the Naghdi’s shell model and the displacement-based formulation for the Biot-Allard model. A comprehensive three-dimensional analysis is performed, comparing numerical and experimental results and showing the advantages of using the Biot-Allard poroelastic model in combination with the Naghdi shell model to predict the in-plane displacements of the plate structure over other fluid-equivalent formulations, such as the Allard-Champoux model.