bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choque de infraestrutura [entrevistado por Eduardo Diniz, Lauro Gonzalez e Aline Lilian dos Santos]
Authors: Oliveira Gesner
Published: March 2018

Professor da FGV/EAESP desde 1990, Gesner Oliveira é um economista com ampla e diversificada atuação no setor público federal e estadual. Além de presidente da Sabesp e do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), já atuou como Secretário de Acompanhamento Econômico e Secretário Adjunto de Política Econômica do Ministério da Fazenda.
Choque de realiadade
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Santos Aline Lilian dos
Published: March 2018

Quando fazia a faculdade de Administração de Empresas na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em 2000, Maure Pessanha teve uma experiência transformadora: foi uma das fundadoras do cursinho pré-vestibular da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da USP (FEA-USP), que atualmente oferece 480 vagas ao ano para estudantes de baixa renda. Foi nesse primeiro empreendimento de impacto social que ela teve contato com histórias como a de uma aluna que passava o dia debruçada nos livros dentro dos trens do metrô, porque não tinha espaço adequado em casa para estudar.A partir daquele momento, decidiu que queria levar seu conhecimento em gestão a organizações ligadas a causas sociais — um objetivo que ficou ainda mais claro depois de ganhar uma bolsa para estudar por seis meses na Universidade de Harvard, onde a discussão sobre modelos de negócios em prol da sustentabilidade estava mais avançada.Hoje diretora executiva da Artemisia, Maure é responsável por gerenciar essa organização sem fins lucrativos que é uma das principais disseminadoras e fomentadoras de negócios de impacto social no Brasil. Nos últimos seis anos, a aceleradora da Artemisia selecionou mais de 100 negócios voltados à população de baixa renda.Nesta entrevista à GV-executivo, Maure dá um choque de realidade em quem quer entrar na área e se mostra entusiasmada com parcerias como a realizada em uma disciplina da graduação da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EAESP), em que os alunos visitam Heliópolis, criam e alavancam projetos de negócios na comunidade. “Essa vivência quebra o discurso cristalizado de meritocracia, contribui muito para o ‘quero ver você ali tendo aquela vida’”, diz.
A singularidade da gestão educacional
Authors: Abrucio Fernando Luiz
Published: March 2018

O Brasil precisa formar e qualificar especialistas para dar conta do desafio de administrar a complexa e fundamental área da educação.
Rumo a cadeias resilientes
Authors: Pereira Carla Roberta , Silva Andrea Lago da
Published: March 2018

Prevenir e mitigar riscos no fornecimento são esforços que requerem simplificação da estrutura interna da área de compras, documentação de eventos críticos e lições aprendidas e aprimoramento da gestão de riscos.
Os impactos da quarta revolução industrial
Authors: Magalhães Regina , Vendramini Annelise
Published: March 2018

O Brasil será uma potência sustentável com condições de capturar as oportunidades que surgem com as mudanças econômicas, sociais, ambientais e éticas provocadas pelas novas tecnologias?
Lean Service Innovation
Authors: Ojasalo Jukka , Ojasalo Katri
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to lean service innovation. The knowledge gap relates to three specific challenges of service innovation: early identification of the core customer value with business potential, in-depth understanding of customer value for new or potential customers, and discovery and utilization of latent customer needs. As a result, this article introduces a model of lean service innovation. The model focuses on the process rather than on single cocreation methods. The model shows how a new service can iteratively be developed through several improvement rounds into a final service, and each round increases the company’s understanding of customer value and capability to better integrate resources for this. Both the theoretical domain and the application of service-dominant logic can be extended with the lean service innovation approach introduced here. It shows the process of in-depth learning with customers and the rapid prototyping of a service. It facilitates early identification of the core customer value with business potential in the innovation process, identification of customer value for new or potential customers, and discovery and utilization of latent customer needs in innovation. It illustrates repeated experimentation and improvement of service with customers and ultimately supports the implementation of service-dominant logic in innovation.
A apresentação de si de Paulo de Tarso diante dos Atenienses em seu discurso no Areópago de Atenas
Authors: Oliveira Luciene De Lima
Published: March 2018

Ao anunciar a nova crença em sua jornada missionária, o apóstolo Paulo, antes perseguidor implacável dos seguidores de Jesus, pronunciou muitos e variados discursos, diante de públicos bastante heterogêneos, não só para difundir os seus ideais, mas também para participar de debates ou mesmo se defender de acusações religiosas e políticas que lhe iam sendo impostas. Assim é que o presente artigo buscará identificar qual a imagem, diga-se, apresentação de si que Paulo de Tarso construiu diante do seu público para obter a persuasão dos atenienses de que o “Deus Desconhecido”, a quem os gregos veneravam era o verdadeiro Deus e, somente, a essa divindade deveriam cultuar. Ressalte-se que a noção de  êthos provém da retórica de Aristóteles (ARISTOTE. Rhétorique II, 1, 1378 a), que distinguia, desta forma, phrónesis (sensatez, prudência, isto é, ter o aspecto de pessoa ponderada), areté (isto é, assumir a atitude de um homem de fala franca), eu!noia, eúnoia (boa vontade, benevolência, isto é, oferecer uma imagem agradável de si mesmo). Ora, a questão de êthos foi reformulada na psicologia social, em termos de apresentação de si, devido aos trabalhos de pesquisadores como Goffman (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI apud MACHADO & MELLO, 2010, p. 117).
Equine glandular gastric disease recommendations
Authors: Bowen Mark
Published: March 2018

Mark Bowen European Specialist in Equine Internal Medicine, Professor of Veterinary Internal Medicine, University of Nottingham, discusses the current clinical evidence
A 10-step Pupil Premium plan
Authors: Dabell John
Published: March 2018

All schools should be regularly reviewing their Pupil Premium practice to ensure their spending is evidence-based and improving outcomes. John Dabell looks at the wealth of research and guidance out there to help, including some of Sir John Dunford's best advice
Successful approaches to the computing curriculum
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: March 2018

When the new computing curriculum was introduced there was concern about the capacity of primary schools to deliver it. Suzanne O'Connell speaks to two schools, both possessing Naace's ICT Mark, about how they prepare their pupils to be IT literate in the 21st century
Negative stereotypes rife as Apprenticeship uptake flatlines
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: March 2018

Gender stereotypes and false perceptions among teens, parents and teachers are threatening plans to expand Apprenticeships
Chemistry, character and trust
Authors: Donnison Liam
Published: March 2018

Educating Greater Manchester's Drew Povey explains to Liam Donnison how chemistry, character and trust plays a part in the recruitment and retention of teachers
All Means All: Connecting Federal Education Policy and Local Implementation Practice Through Evidence and Equity
Authors: Schuh Mary Clare , Knackstedt Kimberly M. , Cornett Jake , Choi Jeong Hoon , Pollitt Daniel T. , Satter Allyson L.
Published: March 2018

This article discusses equity-based inclusive education and federal policy drivers that can be used to make positive sustainable change in state, district, and local practice to improve the academic, social, and behavioral outcomes for all students including students with extensive support needs and those with labels of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Educational policies addressed include the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA), Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), and civil rights legislation such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The policy domain feature of the Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation (SWIFT) model is examined regarding how it was implemented in districts and schools, working toward the goal of providing an equity-based inclusive education for all students. Translating federal education policy into state, district, and local practice requires leadership and political courage to align federal, state, and district policy with the vision and values of equity-based, inclusive education.
Neurogranin as Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzheimer Disease: An Assay Comparison Study
Authors: Willemse Eline A J , De Vos Ann , Herries Elizabeth M , Andreasson Ulf , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , van der Flier Wiesje M , Scheltens Philip , Crimmins Dan , Ladenson Jack H , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Zetterberg Henrik , Fagan Anne M , Blennow Kaj , Bjerke Maria , Teunissen Charlotte E
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with cognitive decline and is a potential novel biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results.

METHODS

The neurogranin Erenna® assay from Washington University, St. Louis, MO (WashU); ELISA from ADx Neurosciences; and ELISA from Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden (UGot), were compared using silver staining and Western blot after gel electrophoresis. Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 22), and in patients with AD (n = 22), frontotemporal dementia (n = 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 22), or vascular dementia (n = 20), adjusted for sex and age.

RESULTS

The assays detected different epitopes of neurogranin: the WashU assay detected the N-terminal part of neurogranin (S10-D23) and a C-terminal part (G49-G60), the ADx assay detected C-terminal neurogranin truncated at P75, and the UGot assay detected the C-terminal neurogranin with intact ending (D78). Spearman ρ was 0.95 between ADx and WashU, 0.87 between UGot and WashU, and 0.81 between UGot and ADx. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) showed group differences for ranked neurogranin concentrations in each assay (all P < 0.05), with specific increases in AD.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neurogranin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
Political myth-making in media policy: The case of the African National Congress versus the Press Council of South Africa
Authors: Reid Julie
Published: March 2018

This article introduces semiotic myth theory as a methodology for the analysis of both political narratives and media policy discourse. In particular, this is applied to the country of South Africa and traces the historical rhetorical mechanisms employed by the majority African National Congress (ANC) party from 2007 to 2016 in its criticisms against the country’s press regulatory system, the Press Council of South Africa (PCSA). This is done as a demonstration, by application, of how political myth-making works in action or conversely, fails to work and loses relevancy. While semiotic myth theory has not been routinely applied to either political speech, and less so to media policy debates, and while the theoretical approach of applying semiotic myth theory to political discourse or rhetoric adopted here is applied to a very particular context and issue, it could serve well in application to a variety of political narratives, discourses and debates globally.
Book Review
Authors: Nwakanma Chido B.
Published: March 2018

Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning, Wale Adebanwi (2016) Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 391 pp., ISBN-13: 9781580465557, h/bk, $125
Planos de classificação em arquivos: estudo comparativo de Planos de Classificação no cenário Brasileiro, Espanhol e Português
Authors: Lopes Thiago Roberto , Blattmann Ursula
Published: March 2018

O propósito desta pesquisa mostra um estudo comparativo de Planos de Classificação arquivística no cenário do Brasil, Portugal e Espanha. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, caracterizando-se como descritiva e bibliográfica. O instrumento de coleta das informações foi um documento da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica contendo o Plano de Classificação do órgão e também documentos da Administração Local de Portugal e O Cuadro de Clasificación de Fondos para a Administração Local da Espanha, além do Cuadro general de clasificación archivística. Por meio de estudos comparativos destes Planos de Classificação, análise dos dados contidos nesses documentos e revisão bibliográfica foi possível de apontar características em comum entre os Planos de Classificação em cada país, assim como as diferenças e os pontos positivos e negativos.
بحث الأصالة والزِّيادة فى حروف الجرِّ بين النَّحو والدِّلالة
Authors: ELSHAHHAT ABDELHAMIT SHOEIR Mohamed Rızk
Published: March 2018

بحث الأصالة والزِّيادة فى حروف الجرِّ بين النَّحو والدِّلالة
İslami İlimler/İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi (Uşak Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: Çetin Özer
Published: March 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı İslami İlimler/İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumlarını(ÖMYT) incelemektir. Araştırma tarama metodu kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu Uşak Üniversitesi İslami İlimler/İlahiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 70’i DİKAB ve 100’ü İslami İlimler/İlahiyat programında olmak üzere toplam 170 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve  Üstüner tarafından geliştirilen ÖMYT Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde istatiksel paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerinin ÖMYT düzeylerinin yüksek düzeyde olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre DİKAB öğrencilerinin İslami İlimler/İlahiyat programına kayıtlı öğrencilere göre, kadınların erkek öğrencilere göre, mezun olunan lise türü bakımından İmam Hatip lisesi mezunlarının diğer lise mezunlarına göre, tercih bakımından isteyerek ve severek tercih edenlerin diğer tercih nedenlerine göre ÖMYT puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın öğrencilerin ÖMYT puanlarının sınıf seviyesi ve program bakımından(normal, ikinci öğretim) anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır.
Prevalence of traumatized permanent incisors among Yemeni children
Authors: A. AL-Jawfi Khaled
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and identify the causes of traumatized permanent incisors among Yemeni children.Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on five hundreds Yemeni children, (250) boys and (250) girls with an age ranged from 8 -12 years. The sample was collected from pediatric dental clinics, College of Dentistry, University of Sciences & Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.Results: In the total sample of 500 child, 36 traumatized cases with a prevalence of 7.2%. Regarding to the gender, the prevalence of traumatized cases was found in boys (9.6%) more than girls (4.8%) with a ratio of 2:1. Regarding to location of trauma, the maxillary central incisors were the highest traumatized cases (86.1%). Regarding to type of trauma, untreated dental fracture was the highest prevalence (58.3%) of all traumatized cases for both genders and excluded tooth was the lowest prevalence (2.8%). Regarding to cause of trauma, traumatized cases due to fall were the highest prevalence (58.3%) for both genders, then due to violence were (25%), and due to road traffic accident were the lowest prevalence (16.7%) Conclusion: Based on the study results, the prevalence of traumatized permanent incisors was seen in 7.2% of Yemeni children and frequented in boys more than girls with a ratio 2:1. The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently affected teeth by trauma (86.1%) of permanent incisor teeth and fall (58.3%) was the main cause of traumatized cases.
Recepción y significado del uso científico de la dialéctica aristotélica
Authors: López Molina-Niñirola José Miguel
Published: March 2018

Este artículo se hace cargo de la recepción y relevancia de la dialéctica aristotélica en el siglo xx. Ésta tiene un uso científico, fundamental en la construcción y desarrollo de la ciencia, que permite, razonando a partir de éndoxa, establecer el valor de verdad de las proposiciones y aprehender los principios comunes de la ciencia así como los principios propios de las ciencias particulares. El procedimiento diaporético teorizado por el Estagirita es método y no conocimiento, a diferencia de Platón, pero hunde sus raíces en la dialéctica platónica del Parménides.
Investigación Clínica: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Gracia Diego
Published: March 2018

El artículo plantea cómo el crecimiento del sistema de regulación y control de la investigación biomédica puede acabar volviéndose contra su razón de ser. Para abordar la necesidad de un cambio, hace un recorrido por las relaciones entre práctica médica e investigación clínica desde las épocas dominadas por el principio de beneficencia (hasta el siglo XX), la autonomía, la no-maleficencia y la justicia (a partir de 1970) donde comienza la era de las regulaciones. La regulación se ha mostrado necesaria pero no suficiente y plantea hoy la necesidad de una cierta recuperación de la ética de las virtudes (hábitos y estilos de vida) y de los deberes. Hoy la lógica de la investigación y la práctica clínica se están aproximando y estamos en un momento crucial que hace necesario distinguir la ética de la investigación de las regulaciones.
The political dimension of animal ethics in the context of bioethics: problems of integration and future challenges
Authors: Tirado Carlos R.
Published: March 2018

Las éticas animales se encuentran en una nueva fase del desarrollo del pensamiento ético animal. Los temas y problemas que antes se barajaban principalmente en términos de teorías, conceptos y paradigmas éticos están siendo reformulados en perspectivas y acercamientos propios de la teoría y la acción políticas. Se trata de la transición de una visión de la ética como una disciplina centrada en las relaciones entre individuos (humanos y animales) a otra que añade una dimensión social y política de las relaciones entre las comunidades humanas y los animales no humanos. En ella, éstos ya no son vistos sólo como un colectivo heterogéneo de seres vivos (sintientes o conscientes) o como especies, sino como parte de un bien común que es al mismo tiempo humano y animal. Para poder participar de esta nueva fase e incorporar la discusión de esta temática, la bioética debe afrontar una serie de problemas que han dificultado la integración de las éticas animales en su seno. Para ello es necesario el desarrollo de un nuevo marco de análisis relacional y comunitario, capaz de poner de manifiesto la dimensión política de los problemas que surgen de las relaciones entre las comunidades humanas, los animales no humanos y el ecosistema.
Drought Monitoring With Spectral Indices Calculated From Modis Satellite Images In Hungary
Authors: Gulácsi András , Kovács Ferenc
Published: March 2018

In this study a new remote sensing drought index called Difference Drought Index (DDI) was introduced. DDI was calculated from the Terra satellite’s MODIS sensor surface reflectance data using visible red, near-infrared and short-wave-infrared spectral bands. To characterize the biophysical state of vegetation, vegetation and water indices were used from which drought indices can be derived. The following spectral indices were examined: Difference Vegetation Index (DVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Difference Water Index (DWI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Difference Drought Index (DDI) and Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI). Regression analysis with the Pálfai Drought Index (PaDi) and average annual yield of different crops has proven that the Difference Drought Index is applicable in quantifying drought intensity. However, after comparison with reference data NDWI performed better than the other indices examined in this study. It was also confirmed that the water indices are more sensitive to changes in drought conditions than the vegetation ones. In the future we are planning to monitor drought during growing season using high temporal resolution MODIS data products.
Elite Junior Australian Football Players Experience Significantly Different Loads Across Levels of Competition and Training Modes
Authors: Lathlean Timothy J.H. , Gastin Paul B. , Newstead Stuart , Finch Caroline F.
Published: March 2018

Lathlean, TJH, Gastin, PB, Newstead, S, and Finch, CF. Elite junior Australian football players experience significantly different loads across levels of competition and training modes.J Strength Cond Res32(7): 2031–2038, 2018—Well-developed physical qualities such as high jumping ability, running endurance, acceleration, and speed can help aspiring junior elite Australian football (AF) players transition to the Australian Football League competition. To do so, players need to experience sufficient load to enhance their physical resilience without increasing their risk of negative outcomes in terms of impaired wellness or injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in load for different levels of competition and training modes across one competitive season. Elite junior AF players (n= 562, aged 17.7 ± 0.3, range: 16–18 years) were recruited from 9 teams across the under-18 state league competition in Victoria. All players recorded their training and match intensities according to the session rating of perceived exertion method. Training sessions were categorized according to skills, strength, conditioning, and other activities, whereas matches were identified according to level of competition. The loads in U18 state league matches (656.7 ± 210.9 au) were significantly higher (p= 0.027) than those in school matches (643.3 ± 260.9 au) and those in U18 representative matches (617.2 ± 175.4). Players, who undertook more than one match per week, experienced significantly less load in subsequent matches (p< 0.001). Furthermore, U18 state league training sessions carried the most load when compared with other training modes. This article highlights that different combinations of training and match involvement affect overall player load, which may predispose players to negative outcomes such as impaired wellness or increased injury risk.
Effects of Small-Sided Games and High-Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic and Repeated Sprint Performance and Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation Changes in Elite Junior Basketball Players
Authors: Delextrat Anne , Gruet Mathieu , Bieuzen Francois
Published: March 2018

Delextrat, A, Gruet, M, and Bieuzen, F. Effects of small-sided games and high-intensity interval training on aerobic and repeated sprint performance and peripheral muscle oxygenation changes in elite junior basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1882–1891, 2018—The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of small-sided game (SSG) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic fitness and muscle oxygenation during a repeated sprint (RS) sequence in elite male junior basketball players. Twenty participants (14.3 ± 0.5 years; 176.8 ± 12.5 cm; 74.5 ± 9.8 kg) performed pre- and post-tests interspersed by 6 weeks of SSG or HIIT training. Testing sessions consisted of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test and an RS sequence (2 bouts of 15 seconds). During RS, muscle oxygenation parameters (tissue saturation index [TSI, %], postsprint muscle reoxygenation rate) were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that both training interventions similarly improved maximal aerobic speed (VIFT, 3.4 and 4.1%, respectively, for HIIT and SSG, P < 0.05) as well as RS ability (smaller percentage decrement by 62.5 and 21.6%, respectively, for HIIT and SSG, P < 0.05). Both training interventions also resulted in a greater ΔTSI during the second sprint (47.8–114%, P < 0.05) and significant improvements in postsprint reoxygenation after both sprints (+23.0 to +107.7%). Finally, the variation in muscle reoxygenation after sprint 1 was significantly associated with improvements in aerobic (ΔVIFT, r = 0.61, P = 0.008) and anaerobic (Δ% Dec during RS, r = −0.487, P = 0.028) performances. The current study has observed that SSG and HIIT resulted in similar improvements in aerobic and anaerobic variables and a better muscle oxygenation capacity during RS. Coaches should be aware that both trainings are applicable methodologies to improve in-season aerobic and anaerobic fitness capacities in junior basketball players.
Coordinated Ramping of Dorsal Striatal Pathways preceding Food Approach and Consumption
Authors: London Tanisha D. , Licholai Julia A. , Szczot Ilona , Ali Mohamed A. , LeBlanc Kimberly H. , Fobbs Wambura C. , Kravitz Alexxai V.
Published: March 2018

The striatum controls food-related actions and consumption and is linked to feeding disorders, including obesity and anorexia nervosa. Two populations of neurons project from the striatum: direct pathway medium spiny neurons and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons. The selective contribution of direct pathway medium spiny neurons and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons to food-related actions and consumption remains unknown. Here, we usedin vivoelectrophysiology and fiber photometry in mice (of both sexes) to record both spiking activity and pathway-specific calcium activity of dorsal striatal neurons during approach to and consumption of food pellets. While electrophysiology revealed complex task-related dynamics across neurons, population calcium was enhanced during approach and inhibited during consumption in both pathways. We also observed ramping changes in activity that preceded both pellet-directed actions and spontaneous movements. These signals were heterogeneous in the spiking units, with neurons exhibiting either increasing or decreasing ramps. In contrast, the population calcium signals were homogeneous, with both pathways having increasing ramps of activity for several seconds before actions were initiated. An analysis comparing population firing rates to population calcium signals also revealed stronger ramping dynamics in the calcium signals than in the spiking data. In a second experiment, we trained the mice to perform an action sequence to evaluate when the ramping signals terminated. We found that the ramping signals terminated at the beginning of the action sequence, suggesting they may reflect upcoming actions and not preconsumption activity. Plasticity of such mechanisms may underlie disorders that alter action selection, such as drug addiction or obesity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlterations in striatal function have been linked to pathological consumption in disorders, such as obesity and drug addiction. We recorded spiking and population calcium activity from the dorsal striatum duringad libitumfeeding and an operant task that resulted in mice obtaining food pellets. Dorsal striatal neurons exhibited long ramps in activity that preceded actions by several seconds, and may reflect upcoming actions. Understanding how the striatum controls the preparation and generation of actions may lead to improved therapies for disorders, such as drug addiction or obesity.
EFFECT OF MICROWAVE HEATING ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF RED BELL PEPPER PUREE
Authors: Bozkır Hamza , Rayman Ergün Ahsen , Taştan Özge , Baysal Taner
Published: March 2018

In this study, microwave
heating was applied as an alternative method to conventional heating for
comparing the effect on the yield and quality of red bell pepper puree. The
microwave application was optimized concerning the yield and the outlet
temperature by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were
found to be a power of 900 W and a flow rate of 6.52 rpm for the microwave oven
with RSM. Production of red bell pepper puree was carried out using these
optimum conditions. At this optimum point, yield and outlet temperature were
found as 76.76% and 95°C, respectively. Conventional heating (CH) was performed
reaching the same temperature as with microwave heating (MWH) at 95°C and a
process time of 9 min. As a result, the yield increased by 8.07% and also the
pectin content (17.75%) and vitamin C (20.6%) were improved by the MWH.
Ngô Kha, Vietnam’s Civil Wars, and the Need for Forgiveness
Authors: Schafer John C.
Published: March 2018

This article describes Ngô Kha, a teacher, poet, army officer, and anti-government activist from Huế who was seized by undercover policemen in February, 1973, and never seen again. It describes his teaching, writing, friendship with Trịnh Công Sơn, and his antiwar activities, including his participation in a breakaway unit of the Sài Gòn army that fought Nguyễn Cao Kỳ’s forces in 1966. It highlights the sadness of Vietnam’s civil wars and the difficulty, in reconstructing wartime events, of finding unbiased sources. It concludes by proposing that “pure forgiveness,” discussed by the Vietnamese American writer Viet Thanh Nguyen, may be the only way to end perpetual war.
Competitive Economic Development of The Republic of Moldova
Authors: Natalia Perchinschi , Alexandr Gribincea
Published: March 2018

With this general framework in mind, this section has explained through various examples the circumstances in which economic theory would justify a temporary increase in trade barriers – even above the level of commitments in a trade agreement. These circumstances include when an import surge provides an argument for an increase in trade barriers as well as when a change in demand or supply or in policy leads to a sharp contraction for a particular sector and this, in turn, has a negative externality (like in the case of the one-company town). Another argument for trade policy intervention is when something alters the degree of competition in the market – for example, if a company indulges in predatory dumping. Other circumstances include developing countries providing support to infant industry, action to address balance of payment crises, and responding to a sharp increase in the world price of a product. In all these cases, the adoption of restrictive trade policy can be justified as a second-best option.
Inducible Genome Editing with Conditional CRISPR/Cas9 Mice
Authors: Katigbak Alexandra , Robert Francis , Paquet Marilène , Pelletier Jerry
Published: March 2018

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are powerful tools by which to probe gene function in vivo, obtain insight into disease etiology, and identify modifiers of drug response. Increased sophistication of GEMMs has led to the design of tissue-specific and inducible models in which genes of interest are expressed or ablated in defined tissues or cellular subtypes. Here we describe the generation of a transgenic mouse harboring a doxycycline-regulated Cas9 allele for inducible genome engineering. This model provides a flexible platform for genome engineering since editing is achieved by exogenous delivery of sgRNAs and should allow for the modeling of a range of biological and pathological processes.
Ciudadanía biológica: la ciencia y la política de las poblaciones expuestas a Chernóbil
Authors: PETRYNA Adriana
Published: March 2018

En la transición del socialismo al capitalismo de mercado, los cuerpos, las poblaciones y las categorías de ciudadanía han sido reordenados. La gestión racional y técnica de los grupos afectados por el desastre de Chernóbil en Ucrania es una ventana a este controvertido proceso. Chernóbil ejemplifica un momento en el que el conocimiento científico se colapsó y emergieron nuevos mapas y categorías. Los modelos antiguos de bienestar dependen de definiciones precisas que sitúan a los ciudadanos y sus atributos en un embrollo cruzado de categorías conocidas en las que se basan las reclamaciones de derechos. En ello se observa cómo las ambigüedades relacionadas con la categorización del sufrimiento crearon un campo político en el que un estado, formas de ciudadanía y economías informales fueron reconstruidos.
Explicar, valorar, comprender e influir: en torno a la “actuación” del historiador en la Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales / Entrevistas a varios autores
Authors: PEÑAS ESTEBAN Francisco Javier
Published: March 2018

En las discusiones que los coordinadores sostuvimos para preparar este número 37 de la Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, surgieron problemas que afectaban a la Historia, otros que afectaban a la Teoría de Relaciones Internacionales, y otros cuyo efecto abarca toda la teoría social y política. Discusiones sobre las fuerzas profundas, el evento/acontecimiento, y la influencia relativa de ambos; sobre narrar desde el presente, pero contextualizando los actos y discursos de los protagonistas en su lugar en el tiempo y en el espacio; entre otras.
Una de estas discusiones —muchas veces dilemáticas— se refería a la responsabilidad y la culpabilidad (moral) en la Historia; otra discusión recurrente era el papel del historiador en una época en la que hasta los medios de comunicación más rancios usan términos como narrativas.
Ciertamente los discursos, las narrativas y los relatos crean realidad e identidad, y a nadie se le escapa que, hoy por hoy, lograr que una narrativa sea hegemónica es un triunfo político de primer orden.
Pero, aunque muchas personas se sienten autorizadas a sentenciar sobre la Historia —y a la misma Historia— en una tertulia o en una columna de prensa, los trabajos de los profesionales son, como mínimo, la referencia —de lo que no es simplemente inventado. Y ahí está nuestra responsabilidad como estudiosos y académicos.
Como teníamos claro que no resolveríamos las cuestiones —incluso que algunas de ellas no tienen solución— decidimos preguntar a colegas historiadores y de relaciones internacionales sobre estas últimas preocupaciones.
Konstitucijos 25-mečio fenomenas: subrandinimo veiksniai ir iššūkiai
Authors: Šileikis Egidijus
Published: March 2018

Der 25. Jahrestag der Verfassung der Republik Litauen vom 25. Oktober 1992 bietet uns die Gelegenheit, die Verfassung unter verschiedenen Blickpunkten zu analysieren und uns dabei nicht auf die Nachhaltigkeit und Stabilität dieser besonderen Rechtsvorschrift zu beschränken. Es ist sehr wichtig, auch andere Aspekte dieses Jubiläums zu berücksichtigen, darunter auch diejenigen, die mit Recht als polemisch und problematisch angesehen werden können. Dazu gehören unter anderem auch neue Tendenzen in der Auffassung der litauischen Verfassungsgeschichte wie auch die Gegebenheiten der Rechtssachen, die im Verfassungsgericht verhandelt werden.
Factors Associated with possibly Inappropriate Histological Evaluation of Excised Specimens in Cold-snare Polypectomy for Small Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Shimodate Yuichi , Itakura Junya , Mizuno Motowo , Takezawa Rio , Kobayashi Mami , Yamazaki Tatsuhiro , Doi Akira , Nishimura Naoyuki , Mouri Hirokazu , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: March 2018

Background & Aims: Small colorectal polyps may be removed with cold snare polypectomy (CSP). Some of these polyps may contain unexpectedly advanced neoplasia. Thus, it is important to establish criteria for excision that will ensure that the CSP specimens are adequate for accurate histological assessment. We retrospectively investigated depth of excised small polyps and their vertical margins in patients who underwent CSP.Method: CSP-excised specimens of 376 small colorectal polyps were examined. We histologically evaluated negative tumor vertical margins and complete resection through the muscularis mucosae, which was defined as muscularis mucosae present under the tumor along more than 80% of its horizontal axis. We also evaluated the fragmentation of the retrieved specimens.Results: The mean size of the 376 polyps was 4.9 ±1.4 mm, and 25 polyps (6.6%) had unexpectedly advanced histology. Thirty-two lesions (8.5%) were fragmented. In 275 (79.9%) of the remaining 344 unfragmented polyps, muscularis mucosae resection was judged complete. Vertical margins were confirmed negative in 99.6% (274/275) of polyps that had complete muscularis mucosae resection, but in only 33.3% (23/69) of polyps with incomplete resection. In 79 polyps (21%) (32 fragmented specimens and 47 unfragmented specimens), including 5 polyps with advanced histology, negative vertical margins could not be confirmed. Sessile morphology and location in the cecum were independent risk factors for incomplete muscularis mucosae resection and fragmentation.Conclusion: Incomplete muscularis mucosae resection and fragmentation at retrieval are risk factors for inadequate histological evaluation of CSP-excised small colorectal polyps, especially for sessile polyps and polyps in the cecum.
Secondary systemic amyloidosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy
Authors: Krupa Łukasz , Staroń Robert , Pająk Jacek , Lammert Frank , Krawczyk Marcin , Gutkowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2018

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China: la reconstrucción de una potencia
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Alcides
Published: March 2018

Se indaga por las razones culturales del pasado que han facilitado el ascenso pacífico de China alrango de una potencia de primer nivel en los planos económico, político y militar en los comienzosdel siglo XXI. Se destaca tanto la velocidad como la originalidad de su proceso económico y seadvierten por su estilo de desarrollo, desbalances críticos en la brecha de ingresos, con aumentosen su endeudamiento y en las desigualdades económicas y sociales con severa afectación delmedio ambiente por contaminación (del aire, del agua y del suelo) de un remanente de plantasde producción tecnológicamente obsoletas. En China coexisten y se potencian tecnologías dela primera y segunda revolución industrial (siglos XVIII y XIX) con las de la tercera revolucióntecnológica (finales del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI).
Incorrect, fake, and false. Journalists’ perceived online source credibility and verification behavior
Authors: Vergeer Maurice
Published: March 2018

This study focuses on the extent journalists verify information provided by online sources, and tests to what extent this verification behavior can be explained by journalists’ perceived credibility of online information and other factors, such as journalism education of journalists, work and Internet experience, and work environment (broadcasting, newspapers, Internet). Although several studies have focused on perceived credibility of online information, none have tested its effect on actual verification behavior. This study will perform that test.

Using a sample from the membership database of the Dutch Association of Journalists, a web questionnaire was used to ask journalists about their opinions, behavior, and professional background characteristics. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Analyses show that journalism education does not affect journalists’ verification behavior, neither directly nor indirectly via perceived online source credibility. Perceiving online information as less credible does not lead to verifying online information more extensively. Journalism education only affects the extent journalists perceive online (semi-) governmental information as less credible.

The findings question the role of formal and informal professional socialization in training journalists to become professional journalists adhering to professional standards.
Un mapa de los estudios latinoamericanos y españoles sobre videojuegos
Authors: Rossi Luis Sebastián Ramón
Published: March 2018

En este artículo exploraremos las principales tendencias analíticas de la investigación sobre videojuegos en América Latina y España. Para ello presentaremos tres vías de análisis de los videojuegos cuya presencia es indudable en nuestro contexto regional e idiomático. Primero nos abocaremos a los intentos de definición de los juegos digitales desde aquellos estudios que hacen hincapié en su carácter narrativo hasta los que subrayan sus componentes interactivos. En un segundo momento, rotaremos el eje de análisis para comprender la centralidad en el contexto elegido de las aproximaciones sobre videojuegos que indagan su relación con la educación y el aprendizaje. Por último, nos concentraremos en las investigaciones que ven a los videojuegos como problemas para las teorías sociales. En el último apartado señalaremos cuánto pueden ayudar estos múltiples aportes de diversas tradiciones teóricas para pensar nuevos problemas (como los que se desprenden de las actuales condiciones de producción de videojuegos en la región delimitada).
Mediatization of life: Exploring the influence of the mobile and other media in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Allwell Okechukwu , Ogbu Silk Ugwu
Published: March 2018

As the 21st Century continues to engender amazing innovations in the communication space, the influence of the media is becoming more pervasive. Thus, the media can no longer be studied separately from society; rather they must be seen as an integral part of the social structure upon which modern societies rest. Mediatization, as a theory, explains the manner in which social institutions are affected by, and seek to adapt to, the media. This paper seeks to contribute to the scholarly discussion of mediatization as a concept. It discusses its applicability within the Nigerian context and considers its implications for society. Using a mix of literature review and comments based on the authors’ observation, it discusses and interrogates the mediatization of the contemporary Nigerian society.
Physiology and quality of Eugenia dysenterica DC seedlings grown in vermiculite and rice husk-based substrates
Authors: Mota Clenilso Sehnen , Araújo Eduard Lucas Souza , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Dornelles Paulo , Freiberger Mariângela Brito , Mendes Giselle Camargo
Published: March 2018

Abstract Eugenia dysenterica DC is a fruiting species endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, belonging to the Myrtaceae family and popularly known as Cagaiteira. It has medicinal and antifungal properties, and has an important function in the ecosystem. Nevertheless, there are few studies about the maintenance of this species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, nutrition, quality and physiology of E. dysenterica seedlings grown in fine vermiculite and rice husk-based substrates in the following combinations: 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, in addition to Trimix® commercial substrate and vermiculite only. The physical attributes of substrates (dry and moist densities, available water, remaining water, aeration space and total porosity), seedling emergence percentage, emergence speed index, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, relative seedling water content, relative substrate moisture content, plant biometric growth characteristics, accumulated dry weight and nutritional status were evaluated through leaf macronutrient content 128 days after emergence. The increase in the proportion of rice husk mixed with vermiculite resulted in reduction of the dry and moist densities of substrates, available water, remaining water, total porosity and moisture content, and increased the aeration space in substrates. The fine vermiculite substrate promoted the highest Dickson’s quality index and the greatest stem diameter of plants. Seedlings grown on vermiculite substrate presented higher N and K content in leaves, and those grown in Trimix® substrate showed higher leaf Mg content. Substrates did not alter the physiological attributes of seedlings.
Conditioning in the promotion and uniformization of Umbu seed germination
Authors: Barros Renato Teo , Martins Cibele Chalita , Pereira Francisco Elder Carlos Bezerra , Silva Givanildo Zildo da
Published: March 2018

Abstract Seed dormancy may decrease during storage and some environmental conditions may accelerate this process. The aim of this work was to determine efficient techniques to condition umbu seeds in order to promote and standardize their germination. Seeds were stored for 180 days in paper bags kept in five ambient conditions: laboratory (25 ºC and 55% RH); warm oven (40 °C and 53% RH); hot oven (50 °C and 49% RH); dry chamber (18 °C and 65% RH) and cold chamber (10 °C and 65% RH). Seed quality was evaluated every 60 days by means of the following tests and determinations: water content; germination test (25 °C and 55% RH, weekly evaluated up to 91 days after sowing); first count test (14 days); germination rate index; mean germination time and electrical conductivity. The conditioning of umbu seeds in laboratory, or in warm oven (40 ºC) used efficient techniques to promote and standardize germination; under these conditions, after six months of storage, germination increased from 31% to 84 and 74%, respectively.
Technological innovations in the propagation of Açaí palm and Bacuri
Authors: CARVALHO JOSÉ EDMAR URANO DE , NASCIMENTO WALNICE MARIA OLIVEIRA DO
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and bacuri tree (Platonia insignis Mart.) are two important fruit species native to the Brazilian Amazon. The first species is widely cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon and with some orchards established in other regions of Brazil. Nevertheless, most of its production still comes from the dense and diversified native açaí orchards found in the floodplains of the Amazon River estuary and that in the last two decades have been managed for the production of fruits. The production of the second species is still dependent on extractivism of abundant natural populations in areas of secondary vegetation. Both species reproduce naturally sexually and asexually. In the case of açai tree, asexual reproduction occurs by means of the emission of tillers in the base of stems. For bacuri tree, reproduction is verified by means of abundant sprouts that arise from roots that develop horizontally, near the ground surface. The propagation of açaí palm tree, particularly sexually is a consolidated process, practically without innovations in the last years. Açaí seeds show rapid and relatively uniform germination. A seedling obtained from seeds is suitable for final planting four to six months after emergence of seedlings. Regarding propagation by asexual route, it has been demonstrated that tillers can be used for the production of seedlings. For this, they should be separated from the mother plant when they have two completely expanded leaves and one at the beginning of formation. The big challenge is to increase the multiplication rate of tillers. For bacuri tree, considerable advances have been obtained both for sexual and asexual propagation. Propagation by primary root cuttings or direct seeding at the definitive site constitutes innovations that overcome the problem of the slow and uneven germination of the bacuri seed. The developed grafting techniques allow both the production of grafted seedlings and grafting in the field, for plants from direct seeding.
Singularidade fenomênica e conteúdo perceptivo
Authors: Alves Marco Aurélio Sousa
Published: March 2018

RESUMO As principais teorias do conteúdo perceptivo são incapazes de explicar o caráter fenomênico singular da experiência perceptiva. Tal dificuldade, conforme argumento, se origina da ausência de uma série de distinções que acaba tornando o problema aparentemente insolúvel. Após analisar brevemente as principais deficiências da teoria representacionalista e do realismo ingênuo, apresento uma proposta que pretende tornar não problemático o fato trivial de percebermos objetos particulares que se apresentam enquanto tais em nossas experiências perceptivas. A proposta, assim como a crítica às demais alternativas, são reconhecidamente apresentadas de forma breve e esquemática. Espera-se ao menos justificar que o caminho proposto é promissor e vale a aposta.