bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
راهکارهای مهم جهت دستیابی به خودکفایی گوشت‌مرغ در ولایت بغلان
Authors: مظلوم یار سید احمد
Published: December 2024

امروزه، سطح پائین درآمد خوانواده­ها و بالا بودن قیمت سایر گوشت­های موجود در بازار ولایت بغلان، بلند بودن فیصدی چربی سایر گوشت­ها، تقاضای مردم به مصرف گوشت­مرغ را بیشتر کرده است. شواهد نشان می­دهد که ولایت­ بغلان با داشتن 1,053,000 نفر جمعیت، مقدار گوشت­مرغ  مورد نیاز جامعه را تامین کرده نمی­تواند. با این­حال، تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسای راهکار­های مهم جهت دستیابی به خودکفایی گوشت­مرغ در ولایت بغلان انجام شده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل 90 نفر ترکیب از مسئولان بخش­های آموزشی_ تحصیلی و دست اندرکاران بخش مالداری اعم از ادارات دولتی، خصوصی و کوپراتیف­های زراعت و مالداری درین ولایت بودند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بود. پس از بررسی روایی آن توسط متخصصین این حوزه، یک پرسشنامه شامل (40) متغیر تهیه شد و برای پایایی آن از ضریب الفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد که رقم میانگین آن 0.95 بدست آمد. روش­­های آماری مورد استفاده درین تحقیق علاوه از آمارهای توصیفی، نظیر انحراف­معیاری و اوسط، از تکنیک تحلیل­عاملی­اکتشافی با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 26 انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد که چهار مولفه شامل مولفه­های اصلاح نظام حمایتی، توانمندسازی صنعت مرغ گوشتی، فراهم سازی عوامل تولید و مولفه استفاده افراد متخصص در صنعت طیور در ولایت بغلان از مهم­ترین مولفه­های راهکارهای مهم جهت دستیابی به خودکفایی گوشت­مرغ درین ولایت شناخته شدند که 21.32 فیصد تغییرات واریانس مربوط به مولفه «اصلاح نظام حمایتی» ارائه شده است. نتایج این یافته­ها می­تواند ضمن ارایه بینش مهم و صحیح به دست اندرکاران و مسئولان، در برنامه ریزی و سیاست گذاری­های این بخش کمک نماید.
مزیت نسبی افغانستان در تولید و صادرات میوه‌های عمده تازه
Authors: فریادی وحیدالله , غفورزی همایون
Published: December 2024

این تحقیق به هدف سنجش مزیت نسبی و رقابتی میوه‌های تازه افغانستان در دوره زمانی 1390-1401 انجام شده است. به‎منظور سنجش مزيت نسبي و تعیین جایگاه رقابتی کشور؛ میان کشورهای منطقه و شرکای عمده تجاری از شاخص مزیت نسبی آشکار شده (RCA)، مزیت نسبی آشکار شده متقارن (RSCA)، کای‌دو، میچلی و بالانس استفاده گردیده است. قابل ذکر است که غرض اطمینان از نتایج شاخص‌ها، پيش شرط‌ هيلمن نیز مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که افغانستان در تولید و صادرات انگور، تربوز، خربوزه، زردالو، سیب و انجیر در مقایسه با کشورهای مورد بررسی دارای مزیت نسبی بیشتر بوده و در جایگاه نخست قرار گرفته است. بر اساس نتایج شاخص‎های میچلی و بالانس می‏توان گفت که افغانستان در تولید و صادرات انار نیز دارای مزیت نسبی می‌باشد، اما بنابر نبود ارقام این محصول برای سایر کشورها به‏شکل مقایسوی مورد تحلیل قرار نگرفته است. نتایج شاخص کای‌دو(χ2) در رابطه با محصولات مذکور به حقیقت بزرگ اشاره دارد: باوجود این‌که افغانستان در تولید و صادرات میوه‌های تازه دارای مزیت نسبی می‌باشد، اما تا هنوز مانند کشورهای مورد بررسی این تحقیق موفق به کسب جایگاه مناسب در بازارهای منطقوی و جهانی نگردیده است. با تطبیق استراتیژی‌های مناسب، بسته‏بندی معیاری و بازاریابی منظم برای این محصولات، افغانستان می‏توان به جایگاه مناسب میان کشورها دست یابد.
مزایا و ضرورت استقرار سیستم‏های مدیریت تضمین کیفیت در مراکز و کارخانجات فرآوری موادغذایی
Authors: سالاری امیر , بنوری عطاءالحق
Published: December 2024

در دنیای امروز، استفاده از سیستم‌های مدیریت تضمین کیفیت در فرآوری مواد غذایی به‌عنوان یک الزام و اصل ضروری در جوامع مختلف پذیرفته شده است. گستردگی و تنوع اقلام غذایی ایجاب می‌کند که برای تضمین همه‌جانبه کیفیت، نظام‌های پیشرفته جهانی مدیریت کیفیت، مانند HACCP، در کلیه مراحل مربوطه مستقر گردد. تأمین و توزیع غذای ایمن و مغذی به‌منظور حفظ سلامت، یکی از اهداف پایه‌ای سازمان‌های جهانی نظیر ISO، WHO، و FDA  است که در دهه‌های اخیر تلاش‌های زیادی برای تدوین و گسترش اسناد و پروتکل‌های مرتبط با آن انجام داده‌اند. در کارخانجات مواد غذایی، جایی که حجم انبوهی از آماده‌سازی و پخت مواد غذایی صورت می‌گیرد، استفاده از سیستم‌های نوین کنترلی که توانایی کاهش مخاطرات موجود را دارند، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. در این مقاله، ضمن تأکید بر لزوم حفظ ایمنی و مدیریت یکپارچه، نحوه استقرار سیستم مدیریت کیفیت HACCP  و مزایای آن از جنبه‌های مختلف در کارخانجات و مراکز فرآوری مواد غذایی بررسی شده است. این سیستم، یک رویکرد جامع‌نگر است که در صنایع غذایی برای ارزیابی و کنترل فرآیندها به کار می‌رود. تمرکز این سیستم بر شناسایی و پیشگیری از مخاطرات میکروبی، فیزیکی، و شیمیایی است که ممکن است در هر مرحله از زنجیره تأمین، تولید، و نگهداری مواد غذایی رخ دهند. تدوین این سیاست‌های کلی در جوامع مختلف می‌تواند به ارتقای سطح استانداردهای تولید و رفع چالش‌های مربوط به صادرات مواد غذایی کمک کند. این استانداردها بسیار جامع بوده و امروزه مورد پذیرش و الزام سازمان‌های مرتبط و کشورهای جهان هستند.
Regulations of National Extraterritorial Jurisdictions through Treaties and Principles of Customary International Law
Authors: Hameed Usman , Zadi Kashif Imran , Gujjar Muhammad Waqas
Published: December 2024

Extraterritorial jurisdiction over international crimes remains one of the most contentious areas of public international law. This controversy has resulted from international scholars' unwillingness to distinguish between core international crimes, i.e., atrocity crimes and treaty crimes.   While the primary mode of establishing jurisdiction as regards the former remains territorial, the latter, on the other hand, essentially involves extraterritorial jurisdiction. Whereas the current scholarly debate remains focused on the legality and illegality of extraterritorial jurisdiction, scant attention has been given to the crystallization of rules of jurisdiction, keeping in view the unavoidability of extraterritorial jurisdiction for certain types of crimes. The perils involved in the ambiguity of regulations include an excess of jurisdiction or no jurisdiction at all, threatening to cause the failure of the international legal regime and impunity for perpetrators. As most treaty crimes imply border crossing as an essential element of criminal activity, the major problem in their prosecution relates to competing and conflicting jurisdictional claims. Needless to state, the intricate jurisdictional issues raised by treaty crimes would only be resolved through the proper application of international law. Although most transnational crimes have been subjected to comprehensive regimes of various multilateral Conventions, state parties to such Conventions remain free to interpret treaty provisions largely following their national preferences. Moreover, no consensus exists among states regarding applying various national and international law principles in interpreting treaties.
Apostles of Inequality: Rural Poverty, Political Economy, and The Economist, 1760–1860
Authors: Galvão de Almeida Rafael
Published: December 2024

Resenha do livro Apostles of Inequality: Rural Poverty, Political Economy, and The Economist, 1760–1860, de Jim Handy. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2022, 302 p.
Marx e a teoria monetária dos séculos XVIII e XIX
Authors: Coutinho Maurício
Published: December 2024

O artigo procura, a partir de uma lista completa das referências (autores e obras) evidenciadas por Marx nos três primeiros capítulos d’O Capital, destacar o papel decisivo dos diversos autores que trataram de economia monetária, dos séculos XVII ao XIX, nas formulações de Marx sobre moeda, preços e mercadoria. Afirma-se que a “crítica à economia política” de Marx ergue-se sobre as formulações monetárias que estão na base da constituição da economia como ciência e dos debates monetários do século XIX.
Lógica do mercado e lógica cultural no capitalismo atual
Authors: Ganem Angela
Published: December 2024

O objetivo do artigo é explorar a relação dialética entre a lógica do mercado e a lógica cultural no capitalismo contemporâneo. Se o capitalismo tem seus fundamentos definidos pela propriedade privada, pela concorrência e pelo individualismo, faz-se necessário analisar, nos marcos do atual padrão globalizado da ordem capitalista, os valores deles decorrentes. Assim, entendida a cultura em seu sentido mais amplo, busca-se identificar, na ordem simbólica, as expressões – políticas, artísticas, comportamentais, psíquicas – que acabam por reproduzir e reforçar a ordem do mercado capitalista e sua lógica. Entendemos que, apesar de reformas e resistências culturais, a lógica do mercado, sobretudo nesta etapa histórica neoliberal de rebaixado horizonte utópico e que a ascensão do pós-modernismo de alguma maneira revela, segue invadindo espaços geográficos, sociais e os terrenos mais recônditos da subjetividade humana, com consequências desastrosas.
Marxismo negro: pensamento descolonizador do Caribe anglófono
Authors: León Jaime Ernesto Winter Hughes
Published: December 2024

Resenha do livro Marxismo Negro: pensamento descolonizador do Caribe anglófono de Daniel Montañez Pico. São Paulo, Dandara, 2024, 290 p.
ANÁLISE DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UM ALUMÍNIO RECICLADO ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Magalhães Dhonne Nogueira , Vasques Érika Rodrigues , Araújo Lucas Menezes de , Praciano Luis Henrique de Sousa , Souza Pablo Brandao De , Amaral Kamylly Costa Do , Silva Raimundo Nonato Alves da
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this study is to carry out a microstructural and mechanical analysis of a cast aluminium alloy, focusing mainly on its mechanical strength and defects, with the aim of optimizing the process, finding the cause of the main defects and proposing improvements in the process to reduce defects. The casting method used was gravity casting, in a fixed metal mold, the analysis methodology was carried out in a microstructural analysis by metallography with the Keller chemical attack; then a Rockwell F hardness analysis was carried out where the average was 54 HRF. The chemical analysis revealed impurities such as iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti), which contribute to the formation of coarse particles of the AlFeSi phase, impairing the mechanical properties of these materials. The aluminum alloy was chosen for this research because it is a versatile alloy whose main characteristic is its low melting point and low viscosity and high heat transfer coefficient, short molding time, and the disadvantage is that it presents, during the process, the formation of hydrogen gas, which can be controlled by the degassing process, and the advantage is that the alloys do not present interactions or reactions, metal - mold, having an excellent finish.
Prevalence Of Fissured Tongue Among Iraqi Patients Attending Dental Clinics at The College of Dentistry University of Baghdad
Authors: Ahmed Abd Almunim Mohamed , J. Hadi Rusul , Yousif Rashid Shahad
Published: December 2024

Background: Owing to the fact that fissured tongue etiopathogenesis is still unknown and the presence of a wide variety of predisposing factors that may contribute to its development most importantly its possible association with systemic diseases, thorough research is required to get more information about this condition.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence, different patterns, and predisposing factors for the development of fissured tongue in the sample of the Iraqi population.
Patient and Method: The study was carried out by collecting data from Iraqi patients who were receiving routine dental care and examinations at the Hospital of the College of Dentistry at Bagdad University. Patients’ data were collected and organized in a self-arranged case sheet. The tongues of the patients were examined to record the position and pattern of the fissures on the tongue.
Result: Based on the case sheets of the 125 patients involved in the research, 81 had a fissured tongue with age groups between 50 and 59 having the highest prevalence (88%). The single and superficial pattern (52%) and the dorsal surface of the tongue (82.7%) accounted for the highest prevalence of cases recorded. In terms of the predisposing factors, eating acidic and spicy food was the most prevalent reason (43.2%).
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the fissured tongue is common in the community. All age groups should receive comprehensive oral health treatment. This includes managing underlying systemic disorders by addressing modifiable risk factors and encouraging excellent oral hygiene practices, as well as taking preventative steps and scheduling routine dental examinations.
Molecular Investigation of Metallo B-Lactamase genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria from Clinical Isolates
Authors: Abbas Aboud Ali
Published: December 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant nosocomial bacteria, that causes a large range of infections e.g. bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, and urinary tract infections. The current study intends to detect the existence of specific genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-2, blaVIM, blaIMP) associated with metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates attained from various clinical isolate. These genes are responsible for conferring resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, making an infection caused by such bacteria difficult to treat. Two hundred and seventy eight samples are collected from patients in Baquba Teaching Hospital during the period between December 2023 and May 2024. The samples included urine, sputums, burn, and wound swabs in addition to blood samples. The isolates are diagnosed microscopically and biochemically and the VITEK-2 compact system was used for diagnosis confirmation. It is found that 39.4%; n=69 is K. pneumoniae with 26%; n=18 of isolates are Multidrug resistant. Also, this study ascertains that multidrug-resistant (MDR) K.pneumoniae has the highest resistance against different types of antibiotics, including: AMP: 100%, AMC73: 36%, PIP: 81.16%, ATM: 72.46%, FEP: 71.01%, CAZ: 62.32%, CRO: 56.5%, IPM: 27.53%, MEM: 26.19%, AK: 47.82%, TOB: 43.47%, GM:  36.23%,  LEV: 31.82%, OFX: 28.98%, CIP: 24.63% and SXT: 65.22%. Referring to phenotypic detection of MBL, 11 from 18 of MDR K. pneumoniae (61.11%) indicate a positive result. Also, during the molecular detection of Metallo B-lactamase genes, it was found that (81.81%; n=9) isolates were positive for blaNDM-1, blaNDM-2, and blaVIM gene, while no isolates showed positive results to blaIMP.
Objective: Molecular detection of metallo-beta-lactamase genes in the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Predictive Roles of Reproductive Hormones in Screening Human Males with Oligo Spermia
Authors: Saad Sobeih Enas , Kh. Al-Qaisi Shahad , Nazar Jabbar Mayada
Published: December 2024

Objective; Evaluation of the roles of testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin hormone indicators in the pathophysiology of patients with oligozoospermia.
Methods: This investigation was applied in Baghdad, Iraq, on people with oligozoospermia from June to September 2024. Fifty blood samples were collected from patients visiting outpatient clinics after being examined by a specialist (gynecologist). In addition, forty samples were taken from healthy individuals and considered as a control group. All hormones were measured in the study groups using the Snibe Maglumi 800 machine. SPSS v. 23.0 and Prism v. 6 statistical software programs were used for the analysis of our results.
Results; The present findings indicated that most patients fall within the age groups 21–30 years (28.0%), 31–40 years (22.0%), and 41–50 years (20.0%), while a smaller percentage fall within the ≤20 years (8.0%) and >60 years (10.0%) groups. LH, FSH, and prolactin levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in patients compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, testosterone levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in patients compared to healthy individuals. ROC curve results showed that FSH achieved the highest sensitivity and specificity (71% and 75%), followed by prolactin (70% and 73%), testosterone (68% and 66%), and LH hormone (62% and 55%) at cutoff values of 7.12, 10.25, 1.965, and 5.25, respectively, in screening patients with oligozoospermia, with significant differences (p<0.05). There were positive and negative correlations among sexual hormones in oligozoospermia patients; however, these relationships were not significant (p>0.05). Finally, we found no significant variations (p>0.05) in the levels of sexual hormones across the age groups of patients.
Conclusion: The investigation revealed LH, FSH, and Prolactin levels were significantly increased, while testosterone levels were significantly decreased. ROC curve showed FSH scored the highest sensitivity and specificity, followed by Prolactin, testosterone, and lastly LH. In addition, there is no significant positive or negative correlation among reproduction hormones in oligozoospermia patients. There is no significant correlation between age and level of reproductive hormones.
Evaluation of the Changes in Some Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ahmed Khalaf Shahrazad , A. Muhsin Eman , Khalil Ali Hamid , Yaseen Hasan Wedyan
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is a persistent inflammatory polyarthritis condition characterized by distinct immunological, clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics, as well as remissions and exacerbations. This study was designed to estimate some Haematological and immunological parameters of Iraqi patients with RA. The data were collected between August 2023 and May 2024 from a total of 60 patients and 30 healthy controls. A serological test was assessed, including erythrocyte precipitation rate, and CRP. Complete blood count was measured using a fully automated quantitative Samsung device. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 cytokines were assessed by sandwich ELISA. The result of this study showed that most RA patients were female compared to males. The levels of RF, CRP, and ESR test were significantly higher in patients with RA compared to the control group. RA patients showed statistically significant higher in WBC and Ptt tests while they had lower RBCs, Hb, and RDW compared to controls. When compared to healthy individuals, we observed that patients with RF had greater levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. RF patients had higher levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 than did healthy people.
Determination and comparisons of heavy metals (Cobalt and Iron) accumulation in muscle, liver, and gill tissues of Golden Mullet (Chelon aurata) in coastal areas of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran)
Authors: B. Foroutan
Published: December 2024

The present research has aimed to figure out the amount of two heavy metals (Cobalt and Iron)
accumulation, in muscle, liver, and gill tissues of Chelon aurata (golden mullet) in coastal
districts of the Caspian Sea in two provinces of Iran and compare these data with their standard
levels that advertised by some health organizations. It is because this species currently has the
second-highest percentage of catch in the Iranian coastal of the Caspian Sea.
Sampling mature Chelon aurata (C. aurata) was done in 6 stations of beach areas and 30
mature Chelon aurata were chosen to run the study. The biometric results illustrated that the
highest recorded data of average body weight (BW), body length (BL), and fork length (FL)
were related to gulden mullet which were caught at the coastal district of Behshahr station,
however, the golden mullet fish caught at Gomishan beach had the lowest recorded figures of
body weight (p<0.05). The most amount of accumulation of Cobalt and Iron was recorded in
Behshahr which showed a statistically significant difference with the other stands (p<0.05). The
liver, gill, and muscle samples had the most Cobalt and Iron accumulation, respectively
(Liver>Gill>Muscle). According to the recorded data at present research, the accumulation
balances of two heavy metals, Cobalt and Iron, were much lower than their announced standard
ranges of World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), and
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It is therefore recommended that utilization
of this kind of fish which has grown under that environment is useless for human consumption.
Detection of Norovirus in warm water and cold-water fish culture pools
Authors: M. Zandi , H Pourtaghi
Published: December 2024

The contamination of fish with enteric pathogens like norovirus are risky to human
health. Among 120 enteric viruses have been found in sewage, norovirus are the most
common foodborne and waterborne viruses. There is a few information about norovirus
contamination in fish culture pools and seafood in Iran. Therefore, the goal of this study
was detection of contamination of fish in warm water and cold-water fish pools in
Gillan province by using RT-PCR method. A total of 50 fish, were collected from 20
fish pools in Gillan province in Iran, during April to July 2020. Ten samples from ten
rainbow trout pools and forty samples from ten warmwater fish pools (grass, bighead,
silver and common carps) were collected. Amplification of 320 bp PCR product
showed the presence of norovirus in collected samples. Three sample (6%) founded be
contaminated with norovirus. One of positive samples were from rainbow trout that is
cold water fish and the two other positive samples were from silver carp and common
carp that both of them are warm water fish. The two warm water fish were from
different pools in which the source of water entered to these pools was different.
Although norovirus is the most common and environmentally stable food born viruses
and considering low infectious dose of these viruses, detection of norovirus in water
and seafood like fish are very important. The primer pair that were used in current
study were specific to detect norovirus in human clinical specimens. So, all positive
samples that were reported in current study contained strains that can infect human.
This fact shows hazards for human health and needs further studies.
Using the back calculation to study of the age and growth of Caspian trout (Salmo Caspius)
Authors: M Sayad Bourani , Sh Ghasemi , Sh. Abdolmalaki , M Golshan , S.M Kobadinezhad
Published: December 2024

The aim of present work was to study on the growth and age structure in Caspian trout
Salmo Caspius. Totally, 43 and 101 individuals have been captured in Cheshmehkileh
River Tonekabon, Iran for back calculation and biometrical parameters study,
respectively including measurement of the length, weight and age. The minimum (min)
and maximum (max) ages determined 4 and 7 years while the 5 year was the most
frequency group and the 6 and 7 years groups showed remarkable pattern. The mean
length and weight of cathead individuals were 69.2 ± 6.2 cm and 3323 ± 677 g,
respectively. Base on back calculation method in 2014, the mean length of 1, 2 and 3
years fish were 18.98 ± 3.5, 30.5 ± 7.24 and 41.7 ± 9.1 cm, respectively which all were
below maturity age thus usually do not come close to the coastal waters for spawning.
Moreover, males possessed larger size which might represent better growth however
greater prevalence and frequency occurred in females. Growth parameters such as
growth coefficient (K) and L∞ was measured 0.18, 104 cm, respectively and growth
performance index (Ø’) calculated 3.289 while it was an allometric negative growth.
L∞ and K on the Caspian trout showed an acceptable range and proper growth.
Hatchery rearing, if has very high proportion, can results to a reduction in the fitness of
hatchery fish in the wild thus more empirical studies are needed to reveal the
controversy of whether hatchery stocking is useful or harmful
Comparing the growth of giant freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachum rosenbergii, in different culture ecosystems using biofloc, aquaponics and synbiotic bacteria technologies
Authors: M.M. Fadaei , Gh. Rafiee , K. Rezaei Tavabe , M.A. Nematollahi , M. Frinsko , E. Kiarsi Alikhani
Published: December 2024

In aquaculture, the use of new technologies such as biofloc, aquaponic and synbiotics has
increased the efficiency of aquatic animal production. In this study, five culture systems
as experimental treatments, 1-biofloc (B), 2-biofloc and synbiotic (BS), 3-biofloc and
aquaponics (BA), 4-biofloc, aquaponic and synbiotics (BAS), and 5-aquaponic (A), were
designed for growth of giant shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, post larvae. The
growth indices and water quality parameters were measured and compared among the
experimental treatments. The highest total body length was observed in treatment BS
(74.28±18.63 mm) and had a significant difference compared to other treatments
(p≥0.05). The highest concentration of ammonia was related to treatment A (0.77±0.22
mg/L) and the lowest was recorded in treatment BAS with the rate of 0.61±0.16. Nitrite
had the highest rate in treatment BS, (8.01±7.08) and the lowest recorded in treatment
BA (6.47±6.55). The nitrate had the highest rate in treatment BAS, with the rate of
6.11±5.52 and the lowest recorded in treatment B with the rate of 4.29±4.09. The results
of this study indicated that using biofloc, aquaponics and synbiotics, in a culture system,
increase the efficiency of culture system in production of freshwater giant shrimp.
Embryonic development of Atya gabonesis (Giebel, 1875) from River Niger, Jebba, Jebba, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: C. Obetta , F.U. Mbata , O.J. Akinniyi
Published: December 2024

Embryonic development of Atya gabonensis was investigated at River Niger in Jebba.
One hundred (100) broodstock of both sexes of A. gabonensis were collected from River
Niger, in March, 2020 from fishermen by picking them from under rocks and crevices.
The specimens were transported to the laboratory for further studies. Identification to
species level was by keys of Schneider. The sexes were determined by features of
Anetekhai. The investigation revealed eleven stages of development: In stage I, no
embryonic structure was visible; cleavage was evident in stage II; blastula was observed
in stage III; in stage IV, gastrula was evident; formation of nauplius at different stages
was observed from stage V to XI. The final stage revealed a well developed organism,
distinctly segment with cephalothorax and abdomen. It is concluded that A. gabonensis
completes its embryonic development in freshwater and could serve as good candidate
for freshwater prawn culture. This results constitute the first database for embryonic
development of A. gabonensis.
A review of mollusks farming in Chile
Authors: J. Barile , E. Carreño , P. De los Ríos-Escalante
Published: December 2024

The mollusks farming is the second important aquaculture activity in production in Chile, although it
is not an important foreign exchange source in comparison to salmon farming, it is an important
economic activity at local scale for fishing villages, mainly in the South of Chile, and many of the
production is destined to local consumption, and an important fraction is destined to exportation. The
present study does a revision of mollusks farming in Chile. The mollusks culture began at least 150
years with intents for culture local oysters (Ostrea chilensis) and Chilean mussels (Mytilus chilensis)
mainly in Southern Chile, and in the last six decades, increased the experimental and low scale
industrial scale farming in the north of Chile for local oysters (Ostrea chilensis), giant mussels
(Choromytilus chorus), Northern Chilean scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) and ribbon mussel
(Aulacomya ater) as native species, and also were introduced species such as Pacific oyster
(Crassostrea gigas) and Abalones (Haliotis discus hanai and H. rufescens), nevertheless the culture
of these last species are regulated because these are introduced species that can have effects on
ecosystems. The main cultured species is M. chilensis with 96.6 %, followed by A. purpuratus with
1.9 %, and the other species have the 1.5 % included other species. The main zone with mollusks
culture is in inner seas in Southern Chile.
Histopathological effects of ZnO nanoparticles on kidney, liver, and gills tissues of goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: M. Sudagar , S. Saedmucheshi , M. Mazandarani , S.S. Hosseini , S. Firouzbakhsh
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the use of nanotechnology in various industries is increasing. The application
of nanoparticles in aquaculture can be investigated both to treat diseases and to control
the bacterial load of water. In this research, nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel
method. The particle size was determined by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and
X-ray diffraction(XRD). To determine the possibility of using these materials directly in
aquaculture, nanoparticles with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ppm were added to
aquarium water containing redfish. 60 pieces of fish were divided into 3 treatments and
1 control group, then for 1 month, the fish were exposed to the mentioned doses was
extensive in the secondary lamellae and no change was observed in the liver cells, local
necrosis was observed at doses of 5 and 10, while this was not observed for doses of 1
ppm Due to the mild side effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles, it can be used as a
disinfectant without side effects in fish breeding centers. The results of this research can
be used in aquarium conditions.
Effectiveness of Lactation Counselling and Breast Milk Stimulation Techniques on Relactation and Breastfeeding among Mother-Infant Dyads in a Selected Hospital, Puducherry – An Interventional study
Authors: Dr. C. Sathyavathy
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast milk has benefits of ensuring a healthy child and the survival of a child. Several studies reported that the initiation of breastfeeding within a day was significantly associated with reducing low birth weight related neonatal mortality and infection related neonatal mortality among all live births. Objectives: The main objectives to determine the effectiveness of lactation counselling and breast milk stimulation techniques on relactation among the mothers of the infants who stopped breastfeeding in Group I and Group II. Methods: The study was conducted in Rajiv Gandhi Government Women and Children Hospital (RGGW&CH), Puducherry, Union territory in the Indian continent. Puducherry among 216 Mother-Infant Dyads using simple random sampling technique who meets the inclusion criteria. Result: The comparison of weight of the baby between pretest and post-test in both groups. In both the groups, there was significant gain in the weight of the baby. The calculated ‘t’ value was highly significant at p<0.001. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of the mothers about relactation was moderately adequate. The study concluded that lactation counselling along with breast milk stimulation techniques is more effective in relactation than merely giving lactation counselling.
Aportaciones a la fauna de estafilínidos (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) asociada a cadáveres en el sureste español
Authors: Pérez-Marcos María , García María Dolores , Arnaldos María Isabel , Presa Juan José , Gamarra Purificación , Outerelo Raimundo
Published: December 2024

New data on the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) community related to animal corpses in southeastern Iberian Peninsula are given. A study was conducted at Sierra Espuña foothills using a modified Schoenly type trap, with pitfall traps inside and baited with a piglet, following the methodology applied previously. Samples were taken during 8 consecutive weeks in each season of the year. Specimens belonging to 18 different species were collected. Of them, 6 species (∼33%) are new records for the Región de Murcia, widening their currently known distribution. Besides, four species are reported from the cadaveric ecosystem for the first time. The most representative species was Creophilus maxillosus, which dominated the community all along the seasons.
PIROLIZ REAKTORINING QOVURG‘ALI SIRTI ORQALI ISSIQLIK UZATISH SAMARADORLIGINI HISOBLASH
Authors: Uzoqov G‘ulom Norboyevich , Rustamov Suhrob Shuhrato‘g‘li
Published: December 2024

In this article, the thermal parameters of the biomass pyrolysis thermal processing device were calculated. Also, the flow of flue gas at a temperature of 500-600 ℃ during the pyrolysis process, its movement on the ribbed surfaces of the pyrolysis reactor, and its effect on the water boiler on the outer wall of the reactor were studied. The bioreactor is made of the "pipe in a pipe" type, pyrolysis of biomass takes place in its inner pipe, and water is heated in the outer pipe due to the heat lost to the environment. At the same time, the internal pipe of the reactor allows obtaining gaseous fuel by thermal processing of biomass, and the heat in the external pipe of the boiler solves the problem of providing consumers with hot water in the heating system. The proposed device thermally processes agricultural biomass waste and provides autonomous consumers with alternative fuels and thermal energy at the same time.
Dil Öğretimine Yönelik Okul Yöneticilerinin Görüşleri
Authors: Uygur Özgür
Published: December 2024

Dünya üzerindeki sınırlar 21. Yüzyıl ile birlikte öğrenme ekosistemine dâhil olan unsurların etkisiyle kaldırılmıştır. Tüm dünya dinamik bir etkileşim içinde yoğun bir küreselleşme rutinini kültür, sanat, bilim ve diğer alanlarda derinlemesine ve çeşitlemesine yaşamaktadır. Dil öğretimi bu alanlarda etkisi olan ve öne çıkan sistemsel öğelerden biri olarak kabul edilir. Ülkemizde de eğitim sisteminde yabancı dilin önemi son yıllarda önemli bir yerdedir. Özellikle ilkokul seviyesinde 2. Sınıf itibariyle yabancı dil öğretimi başlaması buna örnek olarak verilebilecek uygulamalardandır. Bu araştırma ile okul yöneticilerinin dil öğretimine yönelik görüşleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt örnekleme yöntemine uygun olarak seçilen 149 okul yöneticisinin görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda genel anlamda okul yöneticilerinin dil öğretimini olumlu gördükleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada dil öğretiminin gerekli olduğu, dil öğretimine ayrılan sürenin yeterli olmadığı, dil öğretimine yönelik kaynakların yeterli olmadığı, dil öğretimine başlama yaşının 4-6 yaş aralığında olması gerektiği, dil öğretiminde öğrencilerin öğrenilen dile yönelik tutumlarının olumsuz olduğu, dil öğretiminde okul yöneticilerinin öğrenilen dile yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğu, dil öğretimine yönelik yeniden düzenlemelerin yapılması gerektiği ve dil öğretiminde süreç içerisindeki tüm öğelerin daha donanımlı olmasının gerekli olduğu ve küreselleşme unsurları içermesi gerektiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Understanding the Tourism Business Ecosystem for Pondokstay
Authors: Hashim Ahmad Yasir , Mohd Puzi Mohd Alif
Published: December 2024

Malaysia remains among the top 5 Muslim destinations in 2019, and the demand for Islamic tourism products has attracted much attention from international and domestic tourists. In response to this and to revitalize Islamic tourism landscapes, the concept of pondokstay will be introduced for the first time in 2019. Initially, the concept of pondokstay refers to the availability of facilities and a series of activities conducted in schools that are close to the well-known concept of homestay. Guests have the opportunity to immerse themselves in an authentic Islamic environment, but to date, there is no universally accepted definition. However, there are many challenges for the school. Previous research has found that an additional element is required during production because the main business of the school is education, which is only teachers and students, but pondokstay requires more elements. So, an existing education entrepreneur transitioning to a tourism entrepreneur needs a different business ecosystem. Articles from three types of tourism, namely Islamic, educational and spiritual tourism, are revised to characterize pondokstay. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with five qualified informants based on documents of the state religious authority. They are selected according to specific criteria, such as the school’s establishment period and the number of employees and students. The responses were manually transcribed, grouped, coded, and thematized. Based on the analysis conducted, three themes emerged to describe pondokstay, namely the establishment factors, the programs, and the facilities required. In addition, there are ten subthemes that were categorized into fifteen indicators.
Ethical Leadership, Teacher Professional Development and Parent Engagement: Basis for School Management Development Plan
Authors: Roallos Donnabelle
Published: December 2024

This dissertation employed descriptive research to determine the relationship among ethical leadership, teacher professional development and parent engagement for school management development plan in one of the town districts in Batangas. Using the random sampling method to support statistical analysis of a set data, 422 secondary school teachers were involved in the study. Demographic analysis revealed that predominantly of respondents were female, who finished bachelor’s degree with less than 20 years length of service. Ethical guidance and role clarification were the strongest aspects in ethical leadership, while power sharing and fairness scored weaker. Learning environment and educational planning were most prominent for teacher professional development, while research based, and educational technology were less emphasized. Parent responsibilities and contact and influence ranked highest in parent engagement, whereas involvement at home and participation ranked least. Additionally, there exists a significant difference of responses on ethical leadership, teacher professional development and parent engagement when grouped according to profile. A highly significant relationship existed among ethical leadership, teacher professional development, and parent engagement. This implies that schools with ethical leadership are more likely to achieve higher teacher professional development and demonstrate active level of parent engagement. In the end, a school management development plan was proposed to continuously enhance schools’ ethical leadership, teacher professional development and parent engagement. Hence, this dissertation explored the characteristics of ethical leadership in an educational setting, analyzing its impact on teacher motivation and access to professional development opportunities and finally foster strong partnership with parents to address diverse family cultural needs in enhancing the overall quality of educational system.
Digital Learning Strategies, Motivation, and Technology Application Among Chinese Higher Education Students
Authors: Xiaoyan Zhou
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to utilized descriptive research to determine the relationship among digital learning strategies, motivation and technology application among higher education students in China. A total of 425 respondents were involved in the study. Results showed that majority of the student-respondents were female, sophomore level, and electrical information engineering majors. Respondents generally agreed on the importance of various indicators of digital learning strategies, especially learning platforms. In terms of motivation for digital learning, they agreed with all relevant projects and placed a special emphasis on digital security skills. As for the use of digital technologies, respondents also agreed with all indicators, especially access to information. Moreover, there exists no significant difference of responses in digital learning strategies, motivation and technology application when grouped according to profile variables. In addition, there exists a highly significant relationship among digital learning strategies, digital learning motivation and digital technology application among Chinese higher education students. This implies that effective digital learning strategies can positively impact students’ motivation to learn using digital tools. Also, motivated students are more likely to actively engage in and benefit from digital learning strategies. In addition, the use of appropriate digital technology can enhance both student motivation and the effectiveness of digital learning strategies. Enhanced digital learning program for Chinese higher education students was proposed.
Performance of Customs Examiners in One Revenue Collecting Agency in the Philippines
Authors: Tampis Glen , Tamayo Ma. Rosario
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the performance level of customs examiners of the Formal Entry Division of the Bureau of Customs Port of Manila in terms of examination, tariff classification and customs valuation; identify the factors affecting their performance; test the significant difference on the performance of the customs examiners and the factors affecting their performance when group according to category; to test the significant relationship between the performance of customs examiners and the factors affecting the performance; and to propose an action plan to enhance the performance of customs examiners. The study used a quantitative approach under the descriptive method utilizing a survey questionnaire validated by industry experts. The participants were the customs examiners of Port of Manila as internal respondents and customs brokers and importers’ representatives and other stakeholders as external respondents. Further, G*power was used to identify the total number of respondents while random sampling was used in administering the survey questionnaire. The study’s findings revealed that the respondents assessed the performance of customs examiners with regard to examination and tariff classification as very satisfactory, while customs valuation was evaluated as satisfactory. Meanwhile, respondents generally disagreed with the factors affecting the performance of customs examiners in all variables. Likewise, there was a significant difference in the responses on the performance of customs examiners when group according to their profile category, with customs examiners giving higher assessment on performance. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the response to the factors affecting their performance when group to category, with stakeholders experiencing greater problems. In addition, there was a moderate indirect correlation between the performance of the examiners and the factors affecting their performance. This means that there was significant difference exists and implies that the better the performance, the lesser assessment on the factors affecting the performance of customs examiners. Lastly, an action plan is proposed to enhance the performance of customs examiners.
Research Engagement, Attitudes and Competencies: Basis For Teachers’ Research Development Plan
Authors: Gutierrez Kristina
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to determine the relationship among research engagement, attitudes, and competencies of teacher-researchers in the Schools Division of Batangas City. The study employed descriptive research using the quantitative method. The subjects of the study were the 315 teacher-researchers of the said division, who were chosen through the use of convenient sampling. The data were gathered through an adopted questionnaire and was treated using percentage, frequency, ranking, weighted mean, Anova, and Pearson’s test. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents were female, 31–35 years of age, masters’ degree holders, in the service for 6–10 years, and were teachers III. The respondents were engaged physically, cognitively, and emotionally in the research. Moreover, usefulness of research to their profession was rated strongly agreeable. The respondents rated themselves as slightly less competent in understanding data and ways to systematically collect data, analyzing the meaning of the data, and drawing conclusions. Furthermore, in terms of research engagement, there was a significant difference in physical research engagement Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between research engagement and research competencies. Moreover, there was also a significant relationship between attitude toward research and research competencies. And lastly, a teachers’ research development plan was proposed by the researcher to enhance the engagement, attitudes, and competencies of teachers in research.
The Sustainable Practices of Coal Mining Industry in One Local Government in China
Authors: Pengquiang Fe
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness and challenges of sustainable practices within the coal mining industry in Handan, Hebei, China. Coal remains a vital component of China’s energy security and is central to its carbon neutrality goals, yet it also contributes to significant environmental impacts. While the Chinese government has implemented policies to curb coal consumption, coal mining is still integral to the country’s energy landscape. This research examines sustainable practices in coal mining, focusing on technological innovations, reclamation efforts, and community engagement. It also assesses the challenges faced by the industry, including regulatory compliance, financial constraints, and workforce development. Using a mixed-method approach of surveys, interviews, and data analysis, the study aims to comprehensively understand the current state of sustainable practices in Handan’s coal industry. Findings will offer insights into the benefits of sustainability initiatives, such as emissions reduction and economic efficiency while identifying key barriers to implementation. The study’s results are intended to inform policymakers, industry leaders, and local communities about effective strategies to enhance sustainability in coal mining, contributing to the broader goal of achieving environmentally and economically sustainable resource management.
Economic Factors Affecting Peace and Stability in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors:   Oromia Police College, Tafesse Gosa Setu , Lakew Fikadu Tafesse ,   Oromia Police College
Published: December 2024

Oromia Regional National state has experienced violent conflicts with alarmingly increased frequency and magnitude since 2018.However, there is a need for scientific and deep analysis of the economic factors that have been affecting the peace and stability of the region. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the economicfactors of peace andstabilityin the Oromia Regional State. Based on qualitative and quantitative approaches, data were collected from thevarious key informants, four group discussions via purposive techniques and 180 police officers from 23 woredas belonging to seven zones and one city administration based on stratified random sampling. Besides, the study was employed based on descriptive and explanatory designs. The data collected via the qualitative research approach were analyzed using thematic categorization procedures. While descriptive statistics were also used to describe, summarize, or explain a given set of data, particularly, inferential and correlation analysis was employedtolookat thepatternof relationshipsbetweenseveral variables simultaneously. Thefindingsof the study indicated that the roles of the economy are significantly affecting peace and stability of the region.The result explained that78.6% changes in the status of peace and stability of the region is as a result of independent variables. It is reasonable to infer that 78.5% of the current problem of peace and stability in the Oromia regional state is determined as a result of economic problems. Consequently, the government should strongly work to avoid and manage maladministration, unemployment, and economic conspiracy. This day requires unique economic packages that attracts the youth to the development and democratic path of the country. In addition to this, the avenues for raising political consciousness and political community should be taken place.
Keywords: Economic, Instability, Peace, Factors