bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cotele obligatorii şi ţărănimea în judeţul Timiş – Torontal 1945 – 1948 / Compulsory Quotas And The Peasantry In Timiş-Torontal County 1945 – 1948
Authors: Rus Ionuţ Raul
Published: March 2022

! e present article aims to present – using archival information – a phenomenon newly appeared in the Romanian post-war society, phenomenon that seems to be typical rather for the times of war and occupation: the forced taking over of products (compulsory quotas) through which the State simply confi scated an important part from the harvest of the farmers and the reaction of the peasantry from Timiș-Torontal county at the collecting. ! e method was of Soviet inspiration, experienced since the civil war that troubled Russia at the end of the First World War. ! ey were for the fi rst time applied in Romania in the year 1945 to a peasantry impoverished by the years of war, by the requisitions performed by the Soviet troops of occupation, by the drought and hunger which haunted a great part of the country during 1946–1947.In the terms of dramatic decrease of the agricultural production caused by the war, the collecting off ered a quick answer at the feeding needs of the urban population and at the economic exploitation of the country by the Soviet occupation power, two diffi cult tasks which the bankrupt economic policy of the communist regime couldn’t satisfy. Above all, the collecting proved to be an instrument of the class struggle at the country side. ! e collecting system prepared the fi eld for the socialist agriculture structures installation, through deliberate decay of rich peasant establishments which resisted against collectivization and through reinforcement of the political control on the rural population. ! is exploitation system devitalized the rich peasant establishments, true engines of the rural economy, leading this way at the decay of the peasant communities. ! e collecting system was organized with the help of a developed legal framework, extremely repressive, that described accurately the obligations of the farmers and established severe punishments against those who refused to deliver the specifi ed quotas. It was implemented by the party machinery at the local level, supported by the local authorities, by militia and by justice.! e history of collecting can be divided into four distinct periods. ! e fi rst period, situated between the years 1945–1947, the second period between the years 1948–1952, the third period between the years 1953–1956 and the last period between the years 1957–1962, mark the transition from quotas to contracts, the pragmatism of the party policy in the matter of assuring the state fund through contracts strongly contrasted with the violent character of the collectivization after 1958.! e measure of introducing the compulsory quotas was received with discontent by the great majority of the peasants and the resistance at the phenomenon took diff erent shapes which are presented in this study together with the coercive measures brought into force by the state and party bodies on the peasants who refuse to deliver the imposed quotas.
Situaţia financiar-bancară în judeţul Severin (1944-1948) (III) / The Banking -Financial Situation In The Severin District(1944-1948) (III)
Authors: Narai Eusebiu
Published: March 2022

“Cărăşana”, saving-bank Lugoj, founded in the end of XIX century, was futher adapting to the economical climate from the area, owning semnifi cants participants at many enterprises from the country. Also it has been through hard times in 1939–1941, the savingbank has managed to help the development of agriculture, trade and local industries. # e process of „romanization”of Lugoj’s bank continued even in 1944–1948, jewis didnot took part of it’s shareholder. # e constantly support given by „# e Bank Of Timişoara”A.S., Timişoara aloud the development of the activity of the institute of credits from Lugoj after the second world war. Even if the society of „Cărăşana” became in the year of 1947, the only bank from Severin district that supposed to fi nance the industries from the county, all thanks to some aberrants measures and strong control from the state in crediting politics, the fi nancial situation got worse in the beginig of 1948, still has got cash and was capable of unfolding it’s activity in one onorable way. Even with all these, the case of abolition of the remembered bank was disposed. With similar problems others banks-institutions were dealing with in Severin district: „Poporal Bank”, „Institute of credits and savings, Caransebeş, „First Saving House”, „A.Sp. Caransebeş”, „Romanian Bank”, „A.S. Bucharestbranch of Caransebeş
Metodă de reconstituire a construcțiilor, D – 1, pe baza datelor arheologice / The method of reconstructing the structures, D-1, based on archaeological data
Authors: Popovici Donici Mihai-Corneliu
Published: March 2022

There isn’t an actual standardized method of restoring constructions according to the data obtained from the archaeological research. The author suggests a method that is based on two stages:1. Obtaining the information2. The geometrical determination of the restorationThe architecture is influenced by three dual environments: the geo-climatic environment, the techno-economic environment and the socio-cultural one. Six data sheets are needed in the first stage: geographic, climatic, technical, economic, social, cultural and addenda with the existing structured information. Qualifed personnel – such as an architect – can restore a geometrically determined construction based on these sheets, drawing up the following plans at a scale of 1:100, 1:50, according to the building’s size as follows: foundation plan, groundfloor plan, doors plan, roof plan, distinguishing areas – at least two, facades – at least four and scaled axonometric. It is required that the refurbished building undergo a structural behavior analysis, made by a construction engineer, in order to verify the durability and faultlessness of the restoration. The restoration must have the report of the archaeologist who provided the main data.
Instituţii de credit mai importante din mediul rural al judeţului Severin (1944–1948) / Credit Institutions Most Important in Rural Areas of the Severin County (1944–1948)
Authors: Narai Eusebiu
Published: March 2022

Romania was considered a defeated country in the World War II and was ocuppied by the Red Army, under Armistice, supervised by the Soviet Union, the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.On the 6th of March 1945 the Soviets imposed to King Mihai the loyal Groza Government, found unacceptable by the USA and the UK. Encouraged by those two powers, Mihai dismissed the Government but Groza stayed in power as the King and the opposition could not match the Red Army. Mihai addressed the three powers in the matter and refused any collaboration with the Government, including the signing of Royal Decrees for approving laws made only by the Government, after the 21st of August 1945 marking the beginning of the so-called RoyalStrike, The Government used all sorts of pressure in order that the King should resume his duties and warned him he would be deposed. In September the Government approached the Soviets in order to assume the Royal Prerogative but the Groza Cabinet continued to rule Romania as the only political power neglecting the King.In December, the Soviets and the Romanian Communists that dominated the Cabinet thought about a Regency Council under their control but the Allies’s Moscow Conference proposed Mihai to add two ministers of the opposition. Provided only with the opposition’s help, the King had to accept in January 1946 and ended unsuccessfully the Royal Strike.
Lupta românilor din Banat şi Câmpia Aradului pentru biserică şi şcoală naţională (1814-1816). Câteva documente / The Struggle of the Romanians from the Banat and the Plane of Arad for National Church and School (1814–1816) – Some Documents
Authors: Feneșan Costin
Published: March 2022

Starting from seven documents preserved at the Library of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest among the papers of Moise Nicoară, the study is focusing on two essential goals of the Romanians in the Banat and the Plane of Arad. The main was the election of a Romanian Bishop at Arad as leader of the national movement in opposition to the superior Serbian orthodoxe church-hierarchy at Karlowitz. At the same time and no less important was the struggle lead by Dimitrie Țichindeal and Moise Nicoară to sustain the developement of the newly established (1812) Preparatory school for Romanian teachers at Arad (Preparandia) face to the machinations inspired by the Serbian school-inspector Uroš Nestorović with blessings from Stefan Stratimirović, Metropolite at Karlowitz. The clash over the church-language at the orthodoxe church in Lipova (as described by five documents from 1815–1816) is to be considered as part of the confrontation between the Romanians and the lower and higher Serbian clergy for national-religious and educational autonomy in the larger frame of the Habsburg Monarchy.
Depozitul de bronzuri de la Sânnicolau de Munte (Jud. Bihor, România). Der Depotfund von Sânnicolau de Munte (Bez. Bihor, Rumänien)
Authors: Kacsó Carol
Published: March 2022

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Sârbii din România sub imperiul „limbii de lemn” de la „Iuda” Tito şi „Genialul” Stalin spre jaloanele comunismului autohton / The Serbs in Romania Under the Rule of “Wooden Language” from “Yuda” Tito and Stalin “The Genious” to the Regulations of Domestic Communism
Authors: Milin Miodrag
Published: March 2022

În urma cercetărilor anterioare privind trecutulrecent al minorităţii sârbe din România,mi-am pus întrebarea: care au fost cauzele experienţelortraumatizante suferite de minoritari, caurmare a declanșării procesului de comunizareaccelerată a ţării, de la sfârșitul anilor 40 ai secoluluidin urmă? Mă gândeam că răspunsurile potfi întrezărite prin analiza nivelului de receptare anoului mesaj social-politic, din partea comunităţiiminoritare, incapabilă de o decodifi care și oproprie valorizare a experienţei politice traversatede societatea românească în ansamblu. Ca urmare,au fost preluate de-a dreptul, abrupt, clișee dejudecată și acţiune din repertoriul „dur” al lupteide clasă, reduse apoi treptat și adaptate la condiţiilede marginali și posibile victime, ai lumii româneștipost-belice.Textul de faţă inaugurează o asemenea abordarea problematicii minoritare, plecând de la identifi -carea codurilor represiunii și tălmăcirea încărcăturiilor de mesaj pentru o conduită politică oportunistăși spre modelarea individului obedient și resemnatla noua realitate a dictaturii naţional-comunisteromânești.
Cercetări de geografie istorică şi arheologie medievală la Coşteiu (jud. Timiş) / Research of historical geography and medieval archeology at Coşteiu (Timiş County)
Authors: Pinca Răzvan , Stremţan Ioan
Published: March 2022

Field identifi cation of deserted settlements is a great challenge of Romanian medieval historiography and archaeology. Habsburg maps made in the eighteenth century (# e First Military Survey especially designed for Banat in the years 1769–1772) are of great use in fi eld researches. By overlaying these and the contemporary maps we can identify with suffi cient precision the old chores of village settlements, even those missing today. Coşteiu is one of the cases, where documentary information in conjunction with cartographic data led to the fi eld identifi cation of the old settlements Possa and Kostill, also confi rmed by archaeological excavations. A part of the settlement was investigated at the missing Possa, where archaeological material dated in the XVth – XVIIIth centuries were found; and also at the location of the deserted Kostill, where the discovered archaeological materials can be dated to the XVIIIth – XIXth centuries.
The defensive system of the Cappadocia limes at the beginning of the 2nd century
Authors: Forisek Péter
Published: March 2022

In my paper I would like to outline the defensive system of the province of Cappadocia and widely of the Northern part of the Eastern Limes between the end of the 1st century and the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. !e Romans were able to develop successfully operating defensive in Cappadocia with a remarkable army and with the network of client states in the foreground of the limes quite e"ectively. !is network included not only those client states which were in direct geographical contact with Roman territories, but also the strategically important regions further away from the limes. I also outline the protection of the mountain passes of the Caucasus in the mentioned period.
Botezuri, cununii și inmormantări. Insemnări manuscrise și informații tipărite dezvăluind prezența artiștilor in cetatea Timișoarei in prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea / Christenings, weddings and burials. Manuscript records and printed information revealing the presence of artists in the fortified town of Timişoara in the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Miklósik Elena
Published: March 2022

The first half of the 19th century provided the areas from Banat with a certain degree of material prosperity, which could be closely pursued in the county’s capital, Timişoara. Although it preserved a prevalent military character, the town also comprised numerous civilians (noblemen living in the town, clerks, traders, doctors, teachers etc.) who gradually secured the commodity market for the art products. The orders of this social class had drawn the artists of the time towards the Empire’s eastern area, where they hoped to ensure their livelihood from their creation, which was paid more or less. Among these travelling artists – painters, drawers, gilders, engravers, stucco workers and, more seldom, sculptors – there had already been some who could be proud of their academic artistic training. Thus, K. Brocky, B. Schäffer, A. Faix, I. Neugass, N. Aleksić, J. Krämer or H. Dunajszky had graduated from the Art Academies of the great European centres (Vienna, Berlin, München). They were the ones who conducted the Central European art – even if only for a short period of time, as long as they worked here – towards the areas of Timiş county. Besides well-known artists, there were some other painters (J. Fiala, K. Daniel, S. Petrović, I. Vizkelety), living in the town, and specialised in local workshops, who contributed to the improvement of public preferences: they made portraits, frescoes, historical and religious paintings, guild flags or miniatures, they adorned the sleeping partners’ churches and houses. Some of the works created by the artists in the first half of the century were preserved in family and museum collections. Another aspect of their presence in the town is certified by Registers of births, marriages and burials (Civil registries), the List of Citizens, the private notes/records of the time or by the newspapers/weekly papers letting the eager public know about their specialized services. The confirmation of more documents allows us to outline a dynamic artistic life in the fortified town during the first half of the 19th century while emphasizing new data regarding the biography and creation of some of these artists.
Those Men and their Shackles. A Rare Discovery from Roman Dacia
Authors: Hamat Ana Cristina
Published: March 2022

In the collection of the Highland Banat Museum from Reșiţa, we can find a special artefact with the inventory number 34614, discovered in one of the Roman forts, from Banat region. It is a Roman shackle, found in the Roman fort of Vărădia Chilii, in 2006. From a typological point of view, the specimen found here, is certainly a shackle from the Roman period, which belongs to type 4 in W.H. Manning and to the type known as Kunzing in F. H. Thompson. It is part of a series of rather rare artefacts in the Empire, illustrated in Dacia by the discoveries made in the forts from Călugăreni, Buciumi, Ilișua, Mehadia and Bologa as well as in the research carried out in the military vicus from Porolissum, and also in the Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa mithraeum. From the context, it is clear that the artifact was used by the military troops stationed here to secure prisoners of war or even non-submissive individuals from inside the military and can be dated to the beginning of the second century, between the conquest of Dacia and the years 117–118 AD. Furthermore, based on the fairly large inner diameter, it appears that the shackle found in Vărădia, fixed the feet and it is called fetter.
Chestiunea Banatului intre politica nationala si politica de partid. Mari polemici politice si parlamentare (decembrie 1923) / The Banat Issue. Between National Policy and Party Politics. The Great Political and Parliamentary Debates From December 1923
Authors: Novacescu Ion
Published: March 2022

e failure of Romanian foreign policy at the Paris Peace Conference (1919 – 1920) when it couldn't obtain the entire province of Banat for the country, and also the establishment of the border with Serbia on the field, provoked, in December 1923, an intense political and parliamentary controversy. For two weeks the opposition MPs and those of the Liberal Party (the government party) accused each other of the responsibility of this national failure. e parliamentary debates demonstrated the lack of method, strategy and unity of the Romanian political elite in promoting responsible and efficient foreign policies.
Arhimandritul Pavle Kenghelaț (1766–1834) – cu ocazia împlinirii a 250 de ani de la nașterea sa / The Archimandrite Pavle Kenghelaţ (1766–1834)
Authors: Iașin Sașa
Published: March 2022

Pavle Kendjelac was born in town Kikinda, on june 29, 1766. He spent his childhood in his native town where he finished primary education in 1779. For the next six years, he worked as a shop apprentice and assistant in towns od Szeged, Buda and Szekesfehervar. After that experience he continued his secondary school education in towns of Kezmark, Bratislava and Sopron which he completed studies of filosophy. After that he studied law and natural science in Halle. After the completion od this studies, he returned in Kikinda and visited or pent some time in nine European countries in his travels. The biscop Petar Petrovics of Timisoara, using the situation convinced him to become a monk and one of the great person od ilumination in Banat. His most important work „The suty of Nature” and „The World history”, encompasses the contemporary knowledge from the end of the 18 century, and made him a serious historiam. In his lifetime Kendjelac was vehemently harassed, discriminated against and obstructed in his attempts, it is obvious today that his nature study makes him the most significant scient od the first half of 19 century in the Banat region.
Două tipare sigilare ale Bisericii ortodoxe romane din Lipova / Two seals of the Romanian Orthodox church of Lipova
Authors: Mureşan Augustin , Valea Puiu Emilian
Published: March 2022

The authors present two seals (made out of metal) of the Romanian Orthodox Church of Lipova, Arad county. Both seals have in their emblem, the religious scene of Assumption of the Virgin Mary, wich is the feast day (the dedication day) of the church of the locality. The first presented seal does not have a date, it probably comes from the 18th century. The second seal dates from 1867, the year of manufacturing the seal. They are sigillography sources for the history of this church.
Noi cercetari la Porolissum / New Researches at Porolissum
Authors: Opreanu Coriolan Horațiu , Ştefan Dan , Lăzărescu Vlad-Andrei
Published: March 2022

e authors are dealing in the first part of this study with their latest archaeological excavations in the Roman fort at Porolissum (Dacia Porolissensis). Between 2010 and 2012, a building situated on the northern side of the fort, very close to the porta praetoria, was uncovered. It is a 25 × 10 meters construction having no interior subdivisions and no heating system. Its inner stratigraphy revealed five main habitation layers each of them having a precise chronology. e analysis of the small finds and coins recovered during the excavations illustrates that the building was erected around AD 140 – 160 and functioned between AD 160 – 180/190. Around AD 200 it seems that this building collapsed and was never reconstructed. On top of the former structures, the Romans used this area for other purposes unknown to us. e destination of the building was established based on the archaeological finds recorded from the main habitation layer. Among the military equipment fittings, weapons, pottery, glass and bone objects, the most significant category of artefacts were approximately 90 rounded stone artillery projectiles having an average diameter of 9 centimetres. Taking into consideration the analogies coming from other auxiliary forts in Britain, war machines were also used by auxiliary troops positioned in conflict zones of the Roman frontier. In time of peace, these machines were sealed in special buildings called ballistaria as mentioned in the inscriptions from the auxiliary fort at High Rochester. We can conclude that the building we have researched at Porolissum had as its main destination the storing of artillery projectiles, war machines and other weapons, being a ballistarium. is identification is strengthened by its position behind the defence wall and near the main gate of the fort. A second part of the study deals with the civilian habitation at Porolissum. Around the fort, several areas having traces of stone buildings were identified. e main part was occupied by the Roman town municipium Septimium Porolissensis as several inscriptions prove such a fact. A new research project granted by the Romanian National Research Authority in 2012 entitled „Seeing the Unseen. Landscape archaeology on the northern frontier of the Roman Empire at Porolissum” (Director of the project – Dr. Coriolan H. Opreanu) allowed for extensive geophysical surveys which revealed numerous new stone structures. e most important results obtained in sectors XZ and AH refer to a series of large stone buildings and numerous dwellings unknown so far.
Cercetări de suprafață în așezări de la sfârșitul Epocii Bronzului și începutul Epocii Fierului din comuna Cozmești, jud. Iași. Rezultate preliminare / Field Surveys in Settlements belonging to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Cozmești Commune, Iași County. Preliminary Results.
Authors: Brașoveanu Casandra , Honcu Ștefan , Berzovan Alexandru
Published: March 2022

Fieldwork is an important segment of archaeological research, contributing to the better knowing and understanding of different historical periods. Publishing the results obtained and the archaeological materials discovered after such an initiative can complete the image already formed about the communities that lived in the past. In the present study we tried to highlight some settlements belonging to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, some of which were not previously known in the literature. This time frame, although rich when talking about the discovery of settlements, was very little researched in the space that was proposed for studying. The last diggings that took place in archaeological sites belonging to this period can be placed a few decades ago. Thus, publishing the results of the field research carried out can represent an important starting point in the resumption of the archaeological research dedicated to this chronological sequence.This paper proposes a discussion on some archaeological materials specific to Noua and Corlăteni-Chișinău cultures, discovered in the settlements identified on the territory of Cozmești, Iași County. The spatial analysis of the three archaeological sites indicates the apartenence to the already-known pattern specific to the above-mentioned cultures. Noua communities are known to be interested in the geographical areas placed at the confluence of two rivers, with low and medium altitudes and smooth slopes, this fact being proven once again by the preferences manifested for the three settlements discussed here.
Eglise et Etat dans l’Illyrie protobyzantine a la lumiere des sources epigraphiques et litteraires (VIe-VIIe siecles)
Authors: Feraru Remus M.
Published: March 2022

e present study examines the relationship between the Church and the state in the prefecture of Illyricum, in the VI-VII centuries. It aims to discuss the bishops’ roles and attributes in the cities of proto-Byzantine Illyricum, as well as their relationship with the municipal and provincial authorities. e research is based on the analysis of literary (Miracula Sancti Demetrii) and epigraphic sources. e Code of Justinian (527–565) highlights the important place of the bishop in the city. In the Byzantine cities of Illyricum, the bishop heads the council of municipal notables and is considered their natural representative. He intermediates between the seat of central power and the municipal administration. A series of inscriptions discovered at Izbičanj (in Serbia), Serdica (So#a), Tesalonic, Gortyna (Creta) and on the island of Skiathos provide us with information on the bishops’ participation in the execution of urban public works. In the context of the invasion of the Balkan Peninsula by Avars and Slavs, the bishops of essaloniki take upon themselves the roles usually played by the municipal and imperial authorities, in that they assure the protection of the population and organize resistance against the invaders. In 535, Emperor Justinian creates the autocephalous archbishopric Justiniana Prima.
Relaţia om-câine în preistorie: resturi scheletice umane și de canide. Practici mortuare, dovezi arheologice și posibile semnificaţii / Human-Dog Relationship in Prehistory: Human and Canids Bone Remains. Mortuary Practices, Archaeological Evidence and Possible Interpretations
Authors: Gligor Mihai
Published: March 2022

The present study concerns a rarely considered subject in the Romanian specialized literature, which is thedocumentation of prehistoric sites with confirmed canid burials; either individually or associated with humanones. The current state of research acknowledges multiple theories about the origin of the dog and the momentof its domestication. The most common and accepted opinion is that Canis familiaris Linnaeus (the domesticdog) is the descendent of Canis lupus Linnaeus (the wolf ). The canids are considered to be the first domesticatedanimals in Europe. Archaeological and zooarchaeological research from Iron Gates area, with Mesolithic sitessuch as Vlasac, Hajdučka Vodenica or Lepenski Vir, have produced valuable information on Canis familiaris(fig. 6). In Siberia, close to Lake Baikal (Russia), these have been found in the Shamanka necropolis (the graveof a Husky, Chow Chow or Samoyed (fig. 7) dog) and in the Lokomotiv necropolis (one of a tundra wolf (Canislupus albus) (fig. 8–10). In Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă two dog skeletons from the Foeni group were found, one ofthem having a Spondylus shell pendant (fig. 3–5). In the Neolithic necropolis of Ripoli (Italy) a woman’s gravehad her feet placed on a dog skeleton (fig. 12), while in the Parma-via Guidorossi site a dog grave has been found(fig. 13). The Michelsberg culture, specific to Central and Western European Late Neolithic, presents intentionaldog burials at Bretteville-le-Rabet (fig. 11) and Heilbronn-Klingenberg “Schlossberg” (fig. 16). For the BritishNeolithic, a complete dog skeleton has been discovered in one of the ditches of the Windmill Hill settlement,while at Grime’s Graves an intentionally buried dog skeleton (fig. 17–18) has been identified. Research at theVan-Yoncatepe (Eastern Anatolia) Hallstattian necropolis led to identification of 14 dog skulls in one burialchamber (fig. 19-20), and of a female skeleton close to a pot (fig. 21) in another. The presence of dog boneremains in inhumation graves is often considered the result of a particular attitude of the human towards thedog. This special funerary context may represent the unique bond between prehistoric humans and their dogs,reflected in activities such as hunting, guarding, or companionship. The dog protects the domestic space, theflocks and, last but not least, the human that it hunts with. This relationship can explain the dog graves foundnearby the human ones, as the dog follows its master in death as in life.
The Sarmatian Necropolis from Foeni (Timiş County) / Necropola sarmatică de la Foeni (jud. Timiş)
Authors: Grumeza Lavinia
Published: March 2022

The graves described in this study were discovered by members of the Banat Museum Timișoara and theInstitute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj Napoca, in the area of the Foeni (Timiș County) archaeologicalsite, “Orthodox Cemetery”. The research took place between 1991 and 2007, and reported mainly prehistoricdiscoveries (from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages). However, in the excavations of 1991–1994, 1995–1998 and2001-2002, archaeologists discovered 18 inhumations graves characteristic of the Sarmatian population. Thesegraves appear to be only a small part of a larger necropolis, largely destroyed by current orthodox cemetery. Ofthese graves, only those excavated during the years 1992–1993 have been published. We consider it importantto revisit the topic in the present study in order to provide an overview of the necropolis, and to complete theprevious study published in 2000, with drawings of the graves. The graves unpublished and discovered in the years1991–1992, 1995–1998 and 2001–2002 have also been included in this study, making it possible to discuss therole of grave-goods and the funerary rite and ritual in the Sarmatian necropolis from Foeni.The graves discovered at Foeni could be dated precisely only in a few cases (M2, M4, M6, M14). K e dating wasbased on brooches discovered in the grave. The impossibility of dating the remaining graves is not due to lack ofarchaeological inventory, but rather to grave robberies. Based on the preserved funerary inventory, the graves of theFoeni necropolis date to the 2nd century – first half of the 3rd century AD, the second period of the Sarmatian age,after the M. Párducz chronology (years 180–270 AD)1. However, without further excavations, we cannot assertthat this timespan applies to the entire necropolis.In addition to the important chronological data, the Foeni necropolis gives us information about the complexityof the Sarmatian burial rites and rituals, aspects of the culture seldom discussed in relation to the Banat region.An attempt was made to identify the distinct ethnic or social groups of the necropolis. Unfortunately, the smallnumber of graves discovered to this day only allows us to formulate hypotheses supported by the analogies withthe Sarmatian area of the Great Hungarian Plain. However, it is our hope that future anthropological analyses willanswer any remaining questions and will confirm, at least in part, our hypotheses.
Observatii asupra unei fibule descoperite la Foeni, jud. Timis Remarks Regarding a Bronze Fibula Unearthed at Foeni, Timis County
Authors: Georgescu Andrei
Published: March 2022

A team of specialists started a research project in the early 90s with the aim of studying the economic and social organization of a single Starčevo-Criş settlement. e archaeological campaign that started in the summer of 1992 brought to light, among other things, a 4th – 3rd century BC bronze fibula of the well known Duchcov type. e piece is in a fragmentary state. It has a six coil spring (out of which only three remain), with the chord, partially missing, placed in front. e foot of the fibula is bent towards the arch, climbing above it without touching it. It has a small globular decoration placed towards the end of the foot. e fibula belongs to the A3 type in the typological system proposed by I. Németi and type 2 in the one created by V. Zirra.Judging by the analysis of the rest of early La Téne funerary finds in the Banat and Crișana regions and the morphology of the piece, we can assume that the Duchcov type fibula from Foeni-Sălaș dates from the LtB2 sub-phase, meaning roughly the end of the 4thcentury and the beginning of the 3rd century BC.
Tracks Into the Past
Authors: Zbuchea Alexandra , Anghel Silviu
Published: March 2022

The paper investigates ways to make archaeological heritage accessible to a wide public. Although archaeological sites, museums and historical monuments are amongst the most appealing cultural establishments, their visitation is occasional. Therefore, the potential of growth is significant. The diversity of sites and a wide array of valorisation strategies could support a much more intense visitation. The paper is methodologically based on a literature review of the management of archaeological sites in order to observe the solutions adopted around the world and to identify a typology of strategies in correlation with the form of archaeological sites considered. The second part of the research investigates both the reasons which facilitate and which prevent the public from visiting archaeological sites amongst Romanians and other Europeans. The final part offers some insights into strategic approaches of archaeological sites` management that could cope with the present cultural environment and help visitors to better understand the past.
Felix Milleker’s Contributions to the Study of the Antiquities of Banat between the 1880’s and 1940’s
Authors: Bakić Ljiljana
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the contributions of the historian and archaeologist Felix Milleker (1858–1942) to the study of antiquities of his native Banat, in southern Pannonia, formely in Austria-Hungary. From the beginning of his scholary work in the 1880’s until the very end of his life, he published over 200 titles on the history, archaeology and ethnography of Banat. He was curator of the museums in Bela Crkva (1881–1883) and for a very long time in Vršac (1894–1942). In 1881 Milleker published his first work on Roman antiquities in the periodical Történelmi és Régészeti Értesitöin Temesvar. Until 1902 he continued publishing in this periodical dozens of papers on ancient history, archaeology, epigraphy and numismatics of given area including his studies on paleo-lingustics and paleo-ethnography. In addition to numerous articles he published the register of all sites from prehistoric times to the Migration period in three volumes with appendices Délmagyarország régiségleletei a honfoglalás előti idökböl (The Antiquarian Finds from Southern Hungary... I–III, Temesvar 1897–1906). In the second volume he registered all the known sites and described ancient monuments and finds of the Roman period in the territory of whole Banat: present – day western Serbian part, and eastern Romanian part. This corpus is of lasting value and still represents the starting point for modern researches of ancient history, archaeology and numismatics of given area. For his outstanding work Milleker received several prestigious awards as the “St. Savas of Serbia (Belgrade 1923) and medals of the Hungarian Numismatic Society (Budapest 1901) and the Deutsche Akademie (Munich 1934).
Date radiocarbon din situl arheologic de la Turdaș-Luncă (Cercetările preventive ale anului 2011) (II) / 14C Data from Turdaș-Luncă Archaeological site (Preventive Research of the Year 2011) (II)
Authors: Luca Sabin Adrian , Sava Tiberiu Bogdan , Sava Gabriela , Dumitrescu-Chioar Florian , Păceșilă Doru , Gaza Oana , Stanciu Iuliana , Ștefan Bianca
Published: March 2022

The preventive archaeological excavations from 2011 made possible the unveiling of a significant part of the archaeological site from Turdaș, Luncă point. Thousands of archaeological features were researched, also the defensive system of the site, the habitation neighborhoods and some other results of the human works (C403 and C1878 features)
Asociaţiile civile locale şi modernizarea agrară regională în perioada dualismului austro-ungar. Un studiu de caz comparativ al activităţii Societăţii Agrare din comitatul Timiş şi a Asociaţiei Agricultorilor din Regiunea de Sud / Local Civil Asociations and Regional Agrarian Modernisation During the Austro-Hungarian Dualism. A Comparative Case Study of the Agrarian Society’s Activity in Timiş County and of the Agriculturers Asociation from the Southern Region
Authors: Balla Loránd
Published: March 2022

Within the last quarter of the 19th century, in Timiş County, two agricultural Associations were competing for representing the landowners’ interests: " e Agrarian Society of Timiş County (SAT) and the Association of Agricultors from the Southern Region (AARS). " e former functioned as a quasi-independent subsidiary of the Hungarian National Agrarian Society (SANM), representing the central power and the interests of the large and medium landowners from the Timiş County. In contrast, AARS aimed to represent the small landowners, mainly those of German origin, although, over time, its membership also included wealthy landowners." e article intends to perform a multidimensional monography, a comparative case study of the two agrarian associations, by using the interdisciplinary methods specifi c to social history, approaching the topic through the lens of social anthropology and combining the results with quantitative data analysis. " e two associations are studied according to the British research method, stressing their role in the emergence and development of a ce rtain competitive mentality, specifi c for the second half of the 19th century." e creation of the fi rst association was due to the eff orts of those “actors” from the local and central administration that were economically linked to the wealthy landowners. Along with the emergence of non-negligible competition from AARS, in the last decade of the 19th century, SAT started its formal opening towards the group of small landowners. Attracting them was required both by the need to maintain the association’s fi nancial equilibrium, through membership fees, and by the goal of preventing their membership in the competing association, AARS.By attracting the mass of landowners, the associations were targeting a large space of activity and infl uence. " rough a large number of good-paying members, through the large number and quality of their activities, the associations represented a civil “power”, with infl uence on the local, regional, even the national level of the public space. " is power depended to a large extent, besides the association’s fi nancial capacity, on the system of political and social strategies adopted and, last but not least, on their ability to successfully attract as members some public personalities of local, regional of even national and governmental importance. To a large extent, the success of the associations under scrutiny was due to the presence among their membership of important personalities of those times, such as Béla Ambrózy, Zsigmond Ormós or Franz Blaskovics.
Entre ruas e redes: transformações e significados da prostituição masculina em Aracaju-SE
Authors: Jesus José
Published: March 2022

Este livro é um convite a uma viagem emocionante aos caminhos das pesquisas etnográficas, ao encontro dos prazeres e desprazeres da vivência no mundo do trabalho sexual masculino nos grandes centros urbanos, questões vivenciadas e pensadas no campo da sexualidade, em especial no que se refere às transformações e significados da prostituição masculina nas ruas e nos meios virtuais na cidade de Aracaju, bem como remeta-os à análise sobre algumas categorias socioantropológicas, como: estigmatizações, sexualidades, territórios marginais, meios virtuais, desejos, masculinidades e marginalização dos garotos de programa, desmistificando olhares normatizadores da vida sexual para além de uma visão reduzida e dissonante da realidade contemporânea. Algumas perspectivas reforçam essas transformações. A emergência de novas formas de configuração do trabalho sexual, tais como: outras áreas da cidade sendo apropriadas para a prática; anúncios em revistas e jornais e atendimentos em domicílio. Nesse sentido, a virtualização do trabalho sexual masculino contribuiu e contribui para a adoção de novas formas de negócios sexuais, em especial por meio dos sites de encontros e relações sexuais. Esse é o ponto principal do livro em questão, entendendo como esses espaços se tornam territórios de vivência da sexualidade e onde interações sexuais ocorrem, visando compreender, bem como chamar a atenção de outros olhares que são lançados a esses espaços. Sabe-se então que os territórios sexuais são ambientes propícios à vivência extrema e sem norma da sexualidade, dos devaneios mais sublimes e reais da pessoa humana, da solidão, dos desejos, das emoções dos amores e desamores. Nessas diversas perspectivas faço um convite a todos, todas e todes a virem comigo fazer essa viagem até o extremo das sexualidades.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Thimachai Paramat , Suttitossatam Nichamon , Nata Naowanit , Supasyndh Ouppatham , Satirapoj Bancha
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end stage renal disease in Thailand. Renal biopsy remains the gold standard investigation to diagnose and classify diabetic nephropathy.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between clinical parameters and renal pathology classification among patients with type 2 diabetic and nephropathy.

Methods: We conducted an observational study and enrolled 63 patients undergoing renal biopsy between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018. Pathologic classification established by the Renal Pathology Society was used to assess the severity of histologic lesions in diabetic nephropathy. Clinical parameters including age, sex, duration, presence of diabetic retinopathy, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urine protein creatinine ratio, fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1C were collected.

Results: At the time of biopsy, mean age was 50.25±11.46 years. Median duration of diabetes mellitus was 10 years with interquartile range (IQR) 3.75-12.00 years, mean serum creatinine was 2.44 ± 1.31 mg/dL and estimated glomerular filtration rate was 22.41±12.16 mL/min/1.73 m2. Based on the glomerular classification, 1 patient (1.6%) was in class I, 16 (25.3%) in class II, 25 (39.7%) in class III and 21 (33.3%) in class IV. Using multivariate analysis, class IV was associated with rising serum creatinine compared with class II [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 2.58; 95% CI= 1.13-5.89]. Patients with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) <25%, 25-50% and >50% were observed in 10, 27 and 22 patients, respectively. Patients with IFTA >50% were significantly associated with duration of diabetes (OR=1.27; 95%CI=1.21-1.57), serum creatinine (OR=3.92; 95%CI=1.34-11.48) and urine protein (OR= 1.25; 95%CI=1.01-1.55) compared with patients with IFA<25%. Using multivariate analysis, only serum creatinine (AOR=3.48; 95%CI=1.23-12.65) was confirmed as independently correlated to IFTA >50% compared with IFTA <25%. A univariate analysis revealed no significant correlation between vascular indexes and renal function.

Conclusion: The results revealed that advanced glomerular lesions and high IFTA >50% correlated with impaired renal function in type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Rancang Bangun dan Evaluasi Kinerja Kotak Pendingin Berbasis Termoelektrik
Authors: Maulana Tajri , Azuar Rizal Teuku , Nazaruddin
Published: March 2022

The cooler is one of the necessities for humans to store food, drinks, vegetables, fruit, meat and so on. Refrigeration systems that are commonly used today use refrigerants or freon/CFC (Chlor Fluoro Carbon) which are less environmentally friendly and expensive. To meet the need for cheap and environmentally friendly refrigerators, an alternative cooler is needed. One alternative refrigerant that has been widely used today is thermoelectric. The power source is from an adapter with an output voltage of 12V – 36V DC6A. Peltier Is a Thermo-Electric Module. This component is coated by a thin ceramic that contains Bismuth Telluride rods in it. When the DC supply voltage is 12volt-15volt and current is 2-5A. The cooling room material is Styrofoam, with a heat sink in the form of a heat sink fan. Variations are made on the amount of thermoelectric used. Data retrieval is done by installing a voltmeter, ammeter and thermocouple in a predetermined position then each measuring instrument will display the data. The data is then processed using the Microsoft Excel program which can produce graphs. With a graphic form, discussion and conclusion can be done easily.
A Mathematical Model for Accessing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Infants
Authors: Camargo F. A. , Oliveira T. M. , Rodrigues D. S. , Mancera P. F. A. , Santos F. L. P.
Published: March 2022

A mathematical model was developed to describe the dynamics of the primary infection of dengue virus in infant who were born of a mother immune to some serotype of the dengue virus. The model is given by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the time-dependent variables for the number of DENV antibodies of the infant transferred from their immune, uninfected and infected monocytes and dengue virus. The mathematical analysis was carried out where the conditions for the existence of the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium were established. The numerical simulations were performed considering different scenarios for R0 (Basic Reproductive Number), illustrating the global convergence of the numerical results for the equilibrium points. The results are in agreement with our derived global stability analysis. It can be concluded that the DHF in the infants could occur in the peaks observed for the infected monocytes and dengue virus.
Pivotal role of pharmacist in supply chain management
Authors: Sharma Archana , Sharma Vishal , Sharma Urvashi , Sharma Diksha , Majeed Jaseela , Pahwa Rakesh
Published: March 2022

Supply chain management is incredibly fantastic and requisite aspect which has been very much understated in third world countries. Pharmacists can play a vital role with immense vitality and other intellectual elucidation in supply chain management. The logisticians and supply chain specialists keep an eye on the better track and improved record of society's health statistics. Giving an overview of how the pharmaceutical supply chain algorithm works directly at the usefulness and performance management of vital players required to achieve entire healthcare perspectives. The supply chain management has introduced many new challenges and opportunities that may lead to align the essential changes in thecurrent system for positive outcome and overall improvement in the services and patient wellbeing. Keywords: Supply chain management, Pharmaceutical industries, Healthcare sector, Quality drugs.