bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über das weisse Blutbild bei Frühgeburten im Zusammenhang mit regelmässiger Ernährung und Hunger sowie Schwankungen der Körpertemperatur.
Authors: YLIRUOKANEN AINO
Published: January 2008

Die leukozytäre Reaktion bei Frühgeburten wurde hinsichtlich regelmässiger Ernährung und Hunger sowie Sehwankungen der Korpertemperatur untersucht. Bei regelmässiger Ernährung konnte kein Einfluss der Mahlzeiten oder der Beschaffenheit der Nahrung auf die Sehwankungen des weissen Blutbildes festgestellt werden. Naeh 24‐stündigem Fasten (Wasserdiät) traten in der Gesamtleukozytenmenge unregelmässige Veränderungen auf. Imdifferenzierten weissen Blutbild dagegen erschienen in fast alien Fallen nach 24‐stündigem Fasten beträchtliche Eosinopenie und Lymphopenie sowie ziemliche Neutrophilic. Die Sehwankungen der Monozyten folgten keinem regelmässigen Rhytmus. Bei Proben, die nach einer nach dem Fasten genossenen Mahlzeit genommen wurden, waren diese Werte im Verlauf von 4 Stunden noeh nicht zu ihren Ausgangswerte zurüekgekehrt.

Die künstliehen Sehwankungen der Körpertemperatur, die durch heisse Bäder erzeugt wurden, riefen im allgemeinen geringe Reaktionen sowohl im quantitativen als auch im qualitativen weissen Blutbild hervor. In vielen Fällen wurde etwas Leukozytose und Neutrophilie festgestellt, in anderen aber wieder Leukopenic. Die Sehwankungen waren unabhängig von der Prämaturität oder dem Alter des Patienten.
A Comparison of the Effects of Hospital Isolation and Home Isolation in Cases of Scarlet Fever.
Authors: STRφM. AXEL
Published: January 2008

The question whether a scarlet fever patient, to prevent the spread of infection, ought to be isolated in hospital or whether one can be content with isolation at home, which in many cases is equivalent to no isolation at all, has long been a subject of much dispute. Whereas it was formerly usual to isolate scarlatina patients in hospital, great opposition to this procedure has been raised in recent years. The arguments advanced against it are: Firstly, that it has not been possible to establish with certainty that hospital isolation has any influence on the spread of the disease, scarlet fever being not less prevalent in places where such isolation is strictly practised than in places where it is not. Secondly, that patients with manifest scarlatina constitute only a small fraction of those infected and it therefore is unreasonable to isolate them. Thirdly, that isolation in hospital is an expensive measure which entails great outlay for the community, without yielding corresponding advantages. And fourthly, that hospital isolation in certain cases may have injurious effects, the patients being infected during their stay in the hospital by other types of streptococci than those they originally possessed and being therefore more liable to complications and recurrences.
≫Pre‐excitation≫ of the ventricular part of the heart and its occurrence in children.
Authors: LIND. JOHN
Published: January 2008

The author gives a brief description of the term pre‐excitation, one of the points emphasized being the great morphological diversity shown by the electrocardiograms. Two case reports are appended. All the previously published cases of pre‐excitation in children are presented in tabular form.
On the genesis of erythroblastosis foetalis
Authors: RANSTRÖM. S.
Published: January 2008

1. The earlier known changes in the endocrine organs in erythroblastosis foetalis, i. e. adrenocortical hyperplasia and insular hyperplasia in the pancreas, are supplemented by a pituitary change observed in two cases of hydrops foetalis and consisting of an increase in the basophile cells.

2. A critical study of the theory of an Rh iso‐immunisation as the fundamental cause of erythroblastosis is considered to show that this theory is unable to provide an explanation either to the disturbances demonstrated in the endocrine organs and their functions, or to the fact that the dangerous symptoms do not set in until in association with or after partus. In any case, no small number of cases lack the serological conditions for an Rh iso‐immunisation.

3. A new theory is advanced, intended to explain the genesis of erythroblastosis as a primary endocrine dysfunction in the mother, which induces a placental lesion and changes within the foetal endocrine organs, resulting in its turn in endocrine disturbances; in many cases, especially in hydrops foetalis, these disturbances are thought to determine the issue. When the appropriate serological conditions are present, the placental lesion paves the way for an Rh iso‐immunisation; this iso‐immunisation is considered to influence the appearance of icterus gravis and anaemia gravis neonatorum.

4. On the basis of this theory, the author sketches the lines of a hormonal therapy in erythroblastosis foetalis.
Clinical Appearance and Diagnosis of the Colon Polypus1
Authors: LEWIS‐JONSSON. JOHANNES
Published: January 2008

The solitary pedieled colon polypus offers a complex of symptoms which will nowadays lead to a certain diagnosis, if only the possibility of this disease is borne in mind, and the investigation arranged accordingly. Rectal palpation, rectoscopy and radiological examination according to the methods given for colon polypus are the three diagnostic methods which must all be used. Three cases of colon polypus in children are reported: one with threatening bleeding and one with three polypi, one of which was diagnosed with the rectoscope and the other two by means of X‐ray.
Chorionic Gonadotrophin in the Treatment of Disturbances of Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: LUFT. ROLF
Published: January 2008

Chorionic gonadotrophin is produced primarily by some part of the fertilized ovum, after it becomes embedded in the uterine wall, subsequently from the corresponding part of the placenta. The hormone production continues until detachment of the placenta. The hormone is excreted in the urine. In animal experiments it has the same effect as the pituitary gonadotrophin ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone): in the ovary maturation of follicles and luteinization, in the testis stimulation of the interstitial cells but also – probably indirectly through stimulation of the hormone secretion of the interstitial cells – of the tubuli seminiferae (literature: see FEVOLD 1939, ENGLE and LEVIN 1941). Chorionic gonadotrophin has got some use in the therapy of metrorrhagia (Eeiprich 1934, Novak 1938, Jacoby and Der Briicke 1940). It is, however, emphasized in «The Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry» 1940, that the hormone itself is of little therapeutical value in gynecology (see also Davis and Hellbaum 1943).
Schonlein‐Henochsche Purpura als Komplikation der Diphtherie‐Schutzimpfung
Authors: JELKE. HUGO
Published: January 2008

Es wird ein Fall von typischer Schonlein‐Henochscher Purpura bei einem 3jährigen Mädchen beschrieben, bei dem die Er‐krankung 2 Tage nach der Diphtherie‐Schutzimpfung ausgelöst wurde. Neben Hautblutungen traten Ödeme an den Gliederen‐den, Gelenkbeschwerden, Kolikschmerzen mit okkulter Darm‐blutung und Hämaturie auf. Die Hautblutungen erschienen in mehreren (8) Schüben im Laufe von 5 Monaten, worauf das Kind gesund wurde. Die Läppchenprobe mit Anatoxin fiel negativ aus, aber nach intrakutaner Injektion einer Verdünnung des‐selben, 0,001 ml Anatoxin entsprechend, erfolgte eine prompte Eeaktion seitens des Darms in Form einer Blutung. Damit wird die Eolle des Diphtherieanatoxins als auslösendes Allergen be‐kräftigt. Der Fall stellt einen Beleg für die Anschauung dar, dass die Krankheit anaphylaktisch bedingt ist, und rechtfertigt die Bezeichnung anaphylaktische Purpura an Stelle der alten Benennung anaphylaktoide Purpura. Er bestätigt hierdurch die Erkenntnisse, zu denen Li auf anderem Wege (durch die inverse Anaphylaxie) gelangt war.

Der dargestellte Fall diirfte der erste von Schönlein‐Henoch‐scher Purpura sein, der nach Diphtherie‐Schutzimpfung beobach‐tet – oder jedenfalls bescnrieben – worden ist.
Ein Fall von imbezillen Zwillingsbriidern
Authors: YLIRUOKANEN. AINO
Published: January 2008

Der somatische Status des bescbriebenen Zwillingspaars weist wesentlich darauf bin, dass es sich urn identische, eineiige Zwil‐linge handelt: Gesicbtszüge, Haarfarbe und Wirbel, Farbe der Iris, Blutgrappe. In den Körpermassen besteben Unterscbiede, die mit dem Unterschied des Geburtsgewicbts im Verhaltnis steben. Die Masse des Eopfes sind normal. Die Spuren der Rachitis am Brustkorb sind bei beiden Patienten gleich.

Der Status psychicus ist bei beiden so gleich, dass sicb im Grad der Intelligenz oder dem Ausdruck der verschiedenen see‐lischen Funktionen keine nennenswerten Unterscbiede wahr‐nebmen lassen. Irgendein exogenes, mit der Geburt verbundenes Trauma ist ätiologisch nicbt festzustellen. Hereditär ist Oligophrenic (Debilitas) des Bruders der Mutter zu berücksichtigen, was zu der Schlussfolgerung berechtigt, dass unsere Zwillinge auf endogenem Boden entstandene OUgophrene (Imbezillen) sind. Der hier beschriebene Fall ist als ein gutes Beispiel für erbhcbe endogene Oligophrenic zu betrachten, aus deren Ätio‐logie die exogenen Faktoren eliminiert werden konnten.
The Liver Function in the Newborn Investigated by Urobilinogen Tolerance Tests
Authors: BIERING‐SØRENSEN K. , WITH. TORBEN K.
Published: January 2008

To elucidate the etiology of icterus neonatorum which is still obscure urobilinogen tolerance tests were performed on 31 newborn and a few infants with diseases of the liver and bile passages. The technic of WITH (1946) was used. The results of the investigation point towards the existence of some degree of liver insufficiency in the newborn, but they are difficult to evaluate as the test is also influenced by other factors than the liver function, presumably the kidney function. The test is consequently of no use as a functional liver test in infants.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the serum bilirubin concentration in icterus neonatorum is much higher than in the forms of hemolytic jaundice in adults, which speaks against the hemolytical theory of the origin of icterus neonatorum.
Etiological Studies on Malignant Epidemic Gastro‐enteritis in Infants2
Authors: BIERING‐SØRENSEN K. , ILDT H. E. KN IPSCH , MAGNUS H. VON , TULINIUS SV.
Published: January 2008

In order to find out the cause of the malignant gastroenteritis in infants, the stools from such children have been submitted to thorough bacteriological and serological examination.

In a good many cases, furthermore, autopsy was performed under sterile precautions.

As the bacteriological findings were not suggestive of any bacterial cause, attempts were made to isolate a possibly present virus. These attempts also proved negative.
Purpura Fulminans and its Relation to Scarlatina.
Authors: FRÖDIN HENRY
Published: January 2008

The object of the present study is a case of purpura fulminans in a boy of 5, treated at the Stockholm Hospital for infectious Diseases. The patient, previously healthy, was taken ill with a fairly mild, although drawn‐out scarlatina infection, which judging from the high sedimentation rate had not healed when after the lapse of 9 weeks erythema exsudativum multiforme supervened and after another week large subcutaneous hemorrhages suddenly appeared, with increasing anemia and deterioration of the general condition leading to death in 3 days, notwithstanding vigorous therapy with inter alia large transfusions. Bleeding, coagulation and prothrombin times were maximally prolonged. The platelet count was not decreased. No bacteria were demonstrable in blood or internal organs but necropsy findings indicated sepsis. In connection with this case a survey was done of the purpura material of the Stockholm Hospital for infectious Diseases from the last 25 years, revealing that no previous case of purpura fulminans had occurred. Six of the purpura cases, all of them mild, were more or less associated with scarlatina and are described in detail. Furthermore, a brief description based on studies in the literature of purpura fulminans is presented, including its relationship to scarlatina, and purpura conditions in general in association with scarlatina. Purpura fulminans stands out as a rare but entirely typical disease, dominated by immense extravasations, with usually a rapid fatal course, generally in association with scarlatina or some other infectious disease. Therapy has in the majority of the cases been hopeless. The etiology is probably toxic‐allergic, with bacteria or bacterial toxins as causative agents, and there is rather a distinction of degree than of form, from the milder purpura Schonlein‐Henoch. A septic pathogenesis may also in a number of instances be considered. Finally, a brief epicrisis of the cases described is presented.
Maladies chez enfants de réfugiés polonais en Allemagne
Authors: NøRGAARD OLAF
Published: January 2008

Resumé

Pendant l'hiver 1945–46 l'auteur a examiné 311 enfants de réfugiés polonais logés dans les camps de Mölln, de Jägerslust et de Büdelsdorf. L'observation la plus intéressante chez ces enfants était leur basse fréquence de carie.
A Comparison Between the Sedimentation Rates of Children in Day‐Nurseries and Children Cared for in Their Homes.
Authors: FRISELL ERIK
Published: January 2008

During a sedimentation rate investigation made from Sept.— Nov. 1943 in Stockholm on 196 day‐nursery children and 266 children cared for in their homes (controls), much higher rates were found among the day‐nursery children than among the controls within the age group 0–2.9 years. The difference is significant, statistically.
Des cas notés de troubles de conduite nerveux chez des élèves dans la période commençante d'un district scolaire de Göteborg.
Authors: GEDDA E.
Published: January 2008

The investigation is based on a series of reports on nervous disturbances of behaviour recorded on the health registers of pupils of the elementary grades of one of the Gothenburg school districts for the school years 1945–46 and 1946–47. The average ape of the children was 7 years. The information with reference to the nervous disturbances was in 20 per cent of the cases made by the parents' personally at the first medical school examination, in 13 per cent it was given in the form of answers in a questionnaire relevant to the child's state of health and familial conditions. Furthermore, the teachers have reported such nervous disturbances in 9 per cent of the children and in 2 per cent they were revealed at the routine school medical examination. The 879 pupils of the series have not been subjected to other examinations or questioning than that routinary in the Gothenburg elementary schools.
A Case of Congenital Cystic Lung in a Child, just under 2 Years old, treated with Pneumonectomy.
Authors: BRECHLING SVEN
Published: January 2008

A successful case of pneumonectomy in a child, just under 2 years old, with congenital cystic lung is described.

As far as it has been possible to ascertain, this is the youngest patient who as yet has passed successfully through this operation.
Investigations into the Connection between Antenatal Weight and Hydrocele testis in Infants
Authors: SØRENSEN HANS RAHBEK
Published: January 2008

Among 27 613 living male children discharged from the department there were 484 cases of Hydrocele testis; in 31.0 % of these cases the antenatal weight was over 3800 g compared with 17.7 % in a control material of 5 593 living male children discharged. The aetiological factors concerned in hydrocele are considered and the author finds no support for the suggestion that syphilis, albuminuria in the mother or labour trauma have anything to do with its aetiology; no reason for the increased frequency among large children can be found.
Choline in Plasma in Children, with a study of induced choline deficiency
Authors: BRANTE GUNNAR , SÖDERHJELM LARS
Published: January 2008

The total choline content (= mainly lipid bound choline) in plasma in children is the same as in adults, or 18–32 mg%. In new born babies it is only 7–14 mg%, whereas in acute nephritis in children there is often an elevation of all lipid components of plasma including the choline containing.

An attempt to provoke choline deficiency in an infant through giving large doses of glycocyamine did not, in spite of great labile methyl losses, lead to any changes of the choline content of plasma, but gave a mild fatty liver with normal choline content in the phospholipid fraction. The plasma phosphatase was slightly increased and there was a tendency to positive thymol‐ and cephalin flocculation tests but for the rest no signs of impaired liver or kidney function. A choline deficiency in man probably appears only in very unfavourable circumstances.
Antistaphylolysin Titre in School Children
Authors: TUNEVALL QÖSTA
Published: January 2008

109 children 7 to 16 years of age, all free from clinically manifested staphylococcal infection, were examined for the presence of pathogenic staphylococci in the throat and their antistaphylolysin titre was determined. 63 % of the children were found to be carriers of staphylococci. 72 % of them had ASta values between 0.56 and 2.0 international units per ml, 23 % had lower values and only 5 % had higher values. The frequency of high ASta values was considerably larger in the carrier group than in the non‐carriers. A certain tendency to coincidence of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections was demonstrated by the fact that high antistreptolysin titres were more common among children with ASta values over 1.0 than in those not exceeding that level (25 viz. 9 %).
Two Cases of Congenital Malformations after Exposure to Measles in Early Pregnancy of Already Immune Mothers
Authors: HAGSTRÖMER ANDERS
Published: January 2008

A report is given of two cases of congenital malformations in infants, whose siblings had suffered from measles during the second month of their mothers' pregnancy. The mothers, themselves, were not affected by measles at this time but had had the disease in childhood.

The malformations in question were in one case cheilo‐palato‐schisis and in the other palato‐schisis, micrognathy and a rudimentary ear.

It seems worth while bearing in mind a possible causal relationship between prenatal exposure to measles and congenital malformations.
Congenital Varices of the Esophagus
Authors: JORUP SIGVARD
Published: January 2008

In connection with the description of a case of congenital varices of the esophagus in a child, the author bas reviewed the literature on the subject and reached the conclusion that two or three of the previously reported cases were congenital while the others must be ruled out from this point of view. A number of criteria are set up for recognizing congenital varices of the esophagus.
Toxoplasmosis in Children. With reference to one particular case
Authors: ENGLESON GUNNAR
Published: January 2008

The writer gives an account of a typical case of congenital toxoplasmosis of a girl 2½ years old.

An investigation revealed that both the mother and the father as well as the maternal grandmother, all of whom were clinically healthy, revealed positive neutralization tests against toxoplasma. The remaining examined members of the family were negative, except for an aunt who showed uncertain reaction.

The mother is again pregnant. Sulfathiazole treatment of the mother has been started.
Penicillin Treatment in Congenital Syphilis. Report of five cases
Authors: CARLGREN LARS‐ERIK
Published: January 2008

A report is given of five cases of congenital syphilis treated with penicillin. Satisfactory results were seen in three cases (no. 1–3). Death occurred in one case (no. 4) during treatment. In one case (no. 5), finally, enough time has not elapsed for proper conclusion.
A case of Sprue in the later childhood treated with folic acid
Authors: STRÖM L.
Published: January 2008

A case of typical sprue in a boy fourteen years of age is described. Treated with folic acid, 5 mg 5 times a day for three days, after that 5 mg 3 times a day. Prompt increasing of weight but no change of the blood‐picture besides an increase of the reticulocytes. Discharged in a very good general condition without any symptoms of his illness.
Three Fatal Cases of Probable Familial Allergy to Human Milk
Authors: WERGELAND HJALMAR
Published: January 2008

3 cases of probable congenital, familial allergy to human milk are reported.

The dominant symptom in all cases was frequent, squirting watery stools.

In spite of the most varied forms of treatment, all three cases proved fatal.
La percuti‐réaction à la toxine diphtérique concentrée facilitera‐t‐elie l‘épreuve de Schick?
Authors: MERIEUX CHARLES
Published: January 2008

On two different occasions in 1939 the author described the method of preparation and utilization of this concentrated diphtheria toxin, having first made a comparative study of the Schick intradermal reaction and the percutaneous reaction in a certain number of children and come to the conclusion that the latter test was superior.
The erythrocyte turnover during the neonatal period. Experiments with elliptocyte transfusions to newborns
Authors: HEDENSTEDT STURE , VAHLQUIST BO
Published: January 2008

The authors have carried out 8 experiments with transfusions of blood from elliptocytics to newborns. The longevity of the erythrocytes transfused is in agreement with that found in transfusion to older children.
Complications of Scarlet Fever in Oslo During the Period 1890–1947
Authors: GRANRUD HELGE B.
Published: January 2008

The frequency of mortality, relapses and complications from scarlet fever during 3 epidemics in Oslo in the years 1890–1947 has been investigated in all 5 100 cases. The mortality and replapses have decreased at an equal rate, the mortality from 7.8 per cent t 0.0.0 per cent and the relapses from 5.8 per cent in 1937 to 0.4 per cent in 19‐17. The frequency of complications has decreased only with regard to the cardiac complications and nephritis. The material indicates that during all these years the frequency of the other complications has remained high up to the introduction of penicillin in spite of the fact that the primary coursej has apparently been milder.

La fréquence de mortalité, de rechutes et de complications dans la scarlatine, durant 3 épidémies à Oslo, de 1890 à 1947, a été l'objet d'un edamen, en tout 5100 cas. La mortalité et les rechute sont également regressives, la mortalité de 7.8%` 0.0% et les rechates de 5.8% en 1937 à 0.4% en 1947. La fréquence des complications ne diminue que dans les cas de complications cardianques et de néphrites. La Matière d'étude montre que durant toutes ces années jusqu'à l'introduction de la jpénicilline, la fréquence d'autres complications est restée constamment élevée bien que le cours primaire de la scarlatine soit de venu visiblement plus bénin.

Mortalität, Recidiv und Komplikationen bei Scharlach während 3 Epidemien in den Jahren 1890–1947 waren Gegenstand einer Untersuchung bei zusammen 5100 Fällen. Mortalität und Recidive haben gleich viel abgenommen, die Mortalität von 7.8% zu 0.0% und die Recidive von 5.8 1937 zu 0.4% 1947. Die Häufigkeit der Komplikationen verminderte sich nur in Bezug auf jHerzkomplikationen und Nephritiden. Das Material zeigt, dass die Häufigkeit anderer Komplikationen in allen diesen Jahren bis zur Ennführung des Penicillins anhaltend hoch ist trotz der Tatsache, dass der primäre Verlauf des Scharlachs offensichtlish leichter geworden ist.

Se ha examinado la frecuencia de mortalidad, relapsos y complicationes a causa de escarlatina, durante tres epidemias que hubo en Oslo entre 1890 y 1947, en total 5100 casos. La mortalidad y los relapsos disminuyen (mortalidad de 7.8% a 0.0% y repspsos de 5.8 en 1937 a 0.4% en 1947). La frecuencia de complicationes disminuye por lo que toca a complicacioines cardíacas y nefritis. El material examinado muestra que la frecuencia de las otras complicationes ha sido muy alta hasta la introducción de la penicilina, a pesar de que el curso primario de la escarlatina es aparentemente más suave.
On Parahemophilia, a Hitherto Unknown Hemorrhagic Disease
Authors: STRANSKY EUQENE , F DAUIS‐LAWAS. DOMICIANA
Published: January 2008

Description de 3 cas de maladie hémorragique avec tous les symptômes cliniques ?hémophilie, mais un temps de coagulation normal, dans une méme famille. Le tableau généalogique de la famille indique aussi ľhémophilie. Cependant, comme ľhémophilie se caractérise par un temps de saignement prolongé constant, nous désignons actuellement nos cas du nom de » parahémophilie ». La symptômatologie et le diagnose différentiel de cette maladie sont discutés.

Es werden 3 Fälle einer Blutkrankheit mit alien Klinischen Symptomen der Hämophilie, jedoch mit normaler Coagulationszeit bei derselben Familie beschrieben. Der Stammbaum spricht gleichfalls für Hämophilie. Da die Hämophilie durch eine konstant verlängerte Gerinnungszeit charakterisiert ist, bezeichnen wir unsere Fälle vorläufig als » Parahämophilie ». Symptomatologie und Differentialdiagnose der Krankheit werden erörtert.

Se describen tres casos, todos en una misma familia, de una enfermedad hemorrágica con todos los síntomas clínicos de la hemofilia, pero con tiempo normal de coagulación. Parece que en los antepasados ha habido también easos de hemofilia. En vista de que la hemofilia se caracteriza por la constante prolongación del tiempo de coagulación, se ha designado a estos casos con el nombre de » parahemofilia » Se discute la sintomato‐logia y la diagnosis diferencial de la enfermedad.
Unusual Case of Anemia Gravis in a Newborn Infant1
Authors: UHRBRAND H. , OHLSEN A. SØEBORG , FREIESLEBEN E.
Published: January 2008

A case of severe megaloblastic anemia (hemoglobin: 20 %) in a 7 day old boy is described. The etiology is unknown. Blood group incompatibility cannot have been the cause, as mother and child were both Rh‐positive with identical Rh‐genotypes and the child belonged to group 0. Intoxication as well as syphilis and other infections seemed to be out of question.

Blood transfusions were effective, whereas the effect of liver therapy was not convincing. The child recovered in 2 months.
Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: JAMES THEODORE
Published: January 2008

Two case reports of ectodernial dysplasia in two females are presented. One case is believed to be the first reported with evidence of direct descent from mother to daughter. The other is a case of the mendelian dominant type. The submission is made that the anhydrotic type is not necessarily always a sex‐linked recessive manifestation in males but that both types, anhydrotic sex‐linked recessive, and dominant, may. occur in each sex although more frequently in the male.
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Fetal Organs
Authors: BERFENSTAM RAQNAR
Published: January 2008

The author has investigated the carbonic anhydrase activity in organs from fetuses and premature infants and shown that the activity in certain organs such as kidney aid stomach surpass that in the blood of fetuses of corresponding age. The significance of the enzyme activity in the fetal organs is discussed.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: BlLLE BO S. V.
Published: January 2008

Since Albright et al. (1942) reported the first three cases of a syndrome, which they called pseudo‐hypoparathyroidism, about fifteen cases have been described. Another case of pseudo‐hypoparathyroidism is described. The patient was a girl, aged 9, with short, thick‐set figure, round face, stubby hands with shortness of all metacarpals except those of index fingers, soft tissue calcifications, low IQ, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. She has an imbecile uncle with the same habitus. After administration of parathyroid extract there was no phosphate diuresis response and a small but insignificant increase of serum calcium levels. Dihydrotachysterol, however, kept the serum calcium on a level of the lowest limit of the normal values.
Observations on the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Infantile Diarrhea
Authors: HALLMAN NllLO , TÄHKÄ HILKKA
Published: January 2008

1. A study of the cells in the spinal fluid, as well as Nonne and Pandy reactions, was made in 211 cases of infantile diarrhea of various degree of severity. — 2. The number of cells in C. S. F. was invariably (2–4 examinations) below 5 per cmm in 100 cases, and it was found to be increased at least once as follows: 6–10/cmm in 30 cases, 11–20/cmm in 35, 21–50/cmm in 29, 51–100/cmm in 7, and over 100/cmm in 11 cases. The changes were generally more extensive in the severe cases, but the difference between them and the mildest cases which did not exhibit any symptoms pertaining to the central nervous system, was not particularly significant. — The majority of the cells were diagnosed as lymphocytes. — 3. If the protein reactions are also taken into consideration, the spinal fluid was found within normal limits in only 13 patients. — 4. The age at onset, the weight of the infant as compared with the expected weight, the alkali reserve on admission and other simultaneous infections do not seem to have any noteworthy effect on changes in the spinal fluid. — 5. Changes were found to be more frequent in diarrhea produced by the Shigellas (35 cases) than in other cases due to an unknown causative agent. — 6. Bacterial staining and culture of the C. S. F. were negative in all cases.
The Relation of Breast Feeding Prognosis to the Initial Amount of Maternal Milk
Authors: SYDOW DERT v.
Published: January 2008

In a series of 1836 consecutive cases of infants with a birth weight of 3000 g or more, who had not shown any manifest defects during the first week of life and who after discharge with their mothers to their homes could be followed at least to the age of two months, the duration of breast feeding was compared with the amount of milk produced by the mother on the infant's sixth day of life. Duration of breast feeding was reckoned as the total time until the infant was definitely weaned from the breast. Those infants where the mother had delivered 200 ml of milk or less on the sixth day suffered considerably shorter periods of breast feeding than the rest, 44.1 per cent being weaned before 2 months of age against 6.6–0.6 per cent in the other groups, and only 22.1 per cent being breast fed for at least 6 months, as against 50–80 per cent in the groups with higher initial lactation. Those infants where the mother had been able to pump out at least 100 ml of milk beyond what the infant had sucked itself, were breast fed for a considerably longer time than the mean of the total series, and this applies to the group where the infant had been able to suck itself at least 300 ml as well as to the group where the infant had sucked not more than 200 ml. It seems, therefore, as if it would be possible to improve the prognosis of breast feeding in many cases by regular manual emptying of the breasts.
Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus Treated with ACTH
Authors: PEHRSON MATTS
Published: January 2008

The author describes a case of lupus erythematosus, disseminatus in a girl aged 11 years. ACTH in doses of 24 mg daily for 12 days produced marked improvement which, however, lasted only as long a.8 the course of treatment was in progress.
Dystrophy in Infancy and Its Effects on the Child's later Development
Authors: GRANRUD HELGE B.
Published: January 2008

Of 53 children with dystrophy of a temporary nature in the first year of life, 50 were followed up and examined at the ages of 11–13 years. The dystrophy seems more serious when it occurs in the first three months of life but once the child is better it seems to recover rather more quickly than those who become ill between the 6th and 12th month. There were no demonstrable after‐effects on either the somatic development nor the development of the teeth. One child had a low I.Q. but it could not be considered due to his illness.
Present‐Day Tasks in Psychosocial Paediatrics1
Authors: HElNlLD SVEND
Published: January 2008

The concept of psychosocial paediatrics is defined on the basis of Segerstedt's investigations into family problems of our day and Halliday's investigations into social epidemiology. By including a psychosocial aspect in the examination of children referred for roborating light treatment (the Finsen Institute) or treatment at a hospital for deficient children (Kysthospitalet at Refsnaes) we have realized the importance of concentrating our attention on three different tasks in future paediatric work: social, pedagogic, and scientific. The practical result of this work is that the changed position of women in the home is demonstrated as a cause of illness in children. It is emphasized that an increased knowledge of the child's normal mental and physical growth and development may increase the chances of success by preventive paediatrics and by practical treatment of abnormal behaviour. A diagnostic system is suggested.
Hyaluronidase in the Urographic Examination of Children
Authors: GLADNIKOFF HERMAN , JACOBSSON ERIK
Published: January 2008

A method for the urographies examination of children, especially those in the early years of life, is described. Treatment of the injection site with hyalas (Leo), dissolved in 0.5 per cent xylocaine (Astra), prepared the area so satisfactorily that the subsequent injection of contrast medium caused little pain and the resistance offered to the injection was lessened. The spread, absorption and consequently also the excretion of the dye were thus accelerated. A satisfactory concentration of dye in the ureters was thus obtained.
Late Prognosis in Asphyxia Neonatorum
Authors: HELLSTRÖM B. , JONSSON B.
Published: January 2008

Eightyfive children treated at a children's hospital for asphyxia neonatorum were subjected to a follow‐up examination. Eighteen died during the newborn period. Sixtyfive of the 67 survivals were followed up. Among them 18 showed signs of a permanent cerebral injury (spasticity, mental retardation, convulsions). The late prognosis was correlated to different clinical symptoms during the newborn period. Children with convulsions, changed tonus, bulging fontanel, reduced sucking capacity have a conspicuously bad prognosis.
Elephantiasis Congenita Angiomatosa
Authors: ENELL HERBERT , HAHN BIRGER
Published: January 2008

An account is given of eight cases of congenital elephantiasis with angiomatosis, in which no hereditary history of the disease was found. It is emphasized that a definite diagnosis can be made by means of histological examination, and that soft‐tissue radiography may often facilitate the diagnosis. The prognosis with regard to spontaneous regression is found to be poor, but the functional ability is usually relatively unimpaired. Various forms of therapy are discussed. In one of the four deaths, the cause was found to be malignancy of the growth.
Comparative Studies on the Bone‐marrow, Blood and Gastric Juice Culture of Tubercle Bacilli in Children
Authors: CHOREMIS C. , DANELATOU C.
Published: January 2008

Bone‐marrow (bm), blood (b) and gastric juice (gj) cultures have been taken from 51 cases of primary complex (bm. 11, b. 3, gj. 5 pos.), 9 cases of t.b. of serous membranes (bm. 3, b. 0, gj. 0 pos.), 9 cases of miliary tuberculosis (bm. 4, b. 0, gj. 2 pos.) and 16 cases of t.b. meningitis (bm. 8, b. 2, gj. 2 pos.). The practical and theoretical importance of these findings is discussed.
Electroencephalographic Studies of Asthmatic Children
Authors: HOLMGREN BÖRJE , KRAEPELIEN SVEN
Published: January 2008

1. One hundred children suffering from bronchial asthma, aged 2—15, without a hereditary predisposition for convulsive diseases, and without any convulsive manifestations of their own, were examined with regard to the occurrence of EEG changes.

2. Pathological EEG of different degrees and types occurred in 36 cases.

3. The type of EEG changes comprised partly a slow dysrhythmia — in about 2/3 of the cases most evident occipitally — partly focal spikes or sharp waves, in 3 cases, and general waves and spike episodes in another 3 cases.

4. The occurrence of an allergic heredity, the duration of the asthma and the age of onset showed no correlation to the occurrence of EEG changes.

5. The degree of severity of the asthma seems to have a certain relation to the occurrence of pathological EEG.
On the Etiology of Dysostosis Mandibulo‐Facialis
Authors: GRANRUD HELGE
Published: January 2008

Five cases of dysostosis mandibulo‐facialis are recorded. In all of them there are exogenic factors which may possibly account for the deformities. Particular attention has been paid to one case where an abortion was attempted during the fifth week of pregnancy.
Unilateral Skin Vessel Crises in the Newborn
Authors: HERLITZ GILLIS
Published: January 2008

The causal mechanism of two types of cerebral birth injury – hemorrhages and the hypoxemic ganglion cell lesions – is discussed in connection with four cases of unilateral skin vessel crises in infants during the first months of life. At birth and during the initial postnatal period all the infants had been in a state of universal cyanosis, but, with one exception, they did not present any signs of a brain lesion. Within a period of 4 to 28 days after birth sudden attacks of severe pallor or redness occurred all over one half of the body, with sharp delimitation in the median line. The author has not been able to find similar observations in the literature. It is thought to be due to minor brain lesions occurring during delivery and located in or near the supraseg‐mental autonomic centres in the medulla or the hypothalamus.
Pseudoprematurity
Authors: SÖDERLING BERTIL
Published: January 2008

The importance of distinguishing between prematurity and pseudoprematurity is stressed. The author criticizes the practice of equalizing low weight and immaturity. This is important from the point of view of theoretical research, and no less from that of practical treatment. A desire to consume is often suppressed, and various delays in development (e.g., in the capacity to regulate the body temperature) will then result. Teamwork research regarding the origination of pseudoprematurity should be intensified.
Does Prophylactic Vaccination Favour the Development of Poliomyelitis?
Authors: CHOREMIS C. , NICOLAIDES PH.
Published: January 2008

Seventy six cases of poliomyelitis have been admitted in St. Sophie Children's Hospital during the autumn of 1950. In seventeen of them there was a history of previous vaccination with mixed vaccine (pertussis‐tetanus‐diphtheria). The interval between vaccination and the appearance of paralysis was 2–14 days. In 75 % of the cases the paralysis occurred in the vaccinated limb.
Psychogenic Obesity in Children. I
Authors: IVERSEN TORBEN
Published: January 2008

40 obese children, 15 boys and 25 girls, 4–14 years of age, were examined with a view to psychogenic factors.

The children had been admitted to the Pediatric Department, University Clinic at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen and to the Dronning Louise's Children's Hospital, Copenhagen.

Psychogenic factors were ascertained in 16 children, 9 boys and 7 girls. In 13 of these children, 8 boys and 5 girls, the obesity had developed after the first three years of life.

In the remaining 24 children, 6 boys and 18 girls, psychogenic factors were questionable or non‐existing. In 13 of these children, 1 boy and 12 girls, the obesity had begun during the first three years of life.

A nonrejecting maternal overprotection was disclosed in 20 cases.

Varying degrees of emotional disturbances or difficulties of adjustment were recorded in 26 cases.
Coeliac Disease The Presence in Wheat of a Factor Having a Deleterious Effect in Cases of Coeliac Disease
Authors: DICKE W. K. , WEIJERS H. A. , KAMER J. H. v. D.
Published: January 2008

Attention is drawn to the different effects of different kinds of cereals and starches on patients with coeliac disease. The effect of wheat flour is unfavourable while that of wheat starch is harmless. The harmful effect is produced by a still unknown substance and not by starch. The substance in question is provisionally called the “wheat factor.” The effect of this factor is judged according to its ability to produce or aggravate anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and steatorrhoea. Several conclusions as to the significance of this factor are presented.
Coeliac Disease: Excretion of Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids by Patients with Coeliac Disease
Authors: WEIJERS H. A. , van de KAMER J. H.
Published: January 2008

Patients with coeliac disease always excrete more saturated than unsaturated fatty acids with the faeces. If the diet contains practically only unsaturated fatty acids in the form of olive oil, then the fat excretion is normal (C.A. = 95 %). If the diet contains wheat flour instead of rice flour, noticeably more saturated fatty acids are excreted, while the excretion of unsaturated fatty acids remains practically the same. That in this case we have not only to deal with a disturbed fat absorption is shown by the fact that with a diet of wheat flour + olive oil more saturated fatty acids are excreted than taken up with the diet. From this we can conclude that a fat excretion exists in the case of patients with coeliac disease who use wheat flour. This was confirmed by experiments wThereby, on a fat free diet containing wheat flour, considerable quantities of fat were excreted with the faeces. Consequently it must be assumed that a disturbance in the intermediary digestion exists in coeliac disease.

Therefore it is very tempting to consider a disturbance in the intermediary fat digestion also in the case of coeliac patients consuming a diet without wheat flour.

It was evident that in pancreatic fibrosis also, the steatorrhoea in some measure is caused by fat excretion. In connexion with this, it is important to take into account the possibility of fat excretion, due to a disturbed intermediary fat digestion, being present in other diseases with steatorrhoea: sprue, rachitis, tuberculosis, lambliasis, icterus, etc.
Guillain‐Barré's Syndrome Associated with Poliomyelitis in Newborn
Authors: HAGBERG BENGT , HERLITZ GILLIS
Published: January 2008

Two cases of Guillain‐Barré's syndrome in newborns with, probable poliomyelitis are reported. The infants were 10 and 8 days old. Both were afebrile, had general flaecidity with tetraplegia and initially the cerebrospinal fluid showed marked albu‐minocytologic dissociation. The mother of the first had typical poliomyelitis, starting on the day of delivery. This boy recovered completely. The other developed residual paralysis characteristic of poliomyelitis. A survey of the well documented cases of poliomyelitis in infants under two weeks of age reveals that general flaecidity and elevated cerebrospinal protein levels seem to be the rule rather than an exception. Different possibilities for this phenomenon are discussed.
Diarrhoea in Infants and Its Relation to a Certain Type of Colibacteria
Authors: STOPPELMAN MARIE R. H. , PLAATS A. R. J. VAN DER
Published: January 2008

The literature is surveyed. An epidemiological investigation on the incidence of E. coli type Bray‐Giles in infants, in the Children's Clinic of the University of Amsterdam is described. No proof was obtained in this investigation, that E. coli type Bray‐Giles is not pathogenic. There are however several facts, which argue against the aetiological significance of this type E. coli in infantile diarrhoea. It is suggested, that special circumstances may favour the predominance of this type of coli bacteria in the intestine.
Coeliac Disease: An Investigation into the Injurious Constituents of Wheat in Connection with their Action on Patients with Coeliac Disease
Authors: KAMER J. H. VAN DE , WEIJERS H. A. , DICKE W. K.
Published: January 2008

Based on the results of an investigation of a number of patients with coeliac disease, the harmful action of wheat flour was shown to be chiefly inherent to the gliadin fraction.
Anaemia Hypoplastica Congenita (Anaemia Typus Josephs‐Diamond‐Blackfan). Report of a Case Treated with Adrenocorticotropin with Effect
Authors: KÅSS ARNE , SUNDAL ALFRED
Published: January 2008

A case of anaemia typus Josephs‐Diamond‐Blackfan in a 4 year old girl has been described. She has been dependent on regular blood transfusions with short intervals, most frequently of 4–6 weeks. The clinical features were typical, with a marked reticulocytopenia as the most striking haematological finding. After two courses with ACTH treatment was a marked increase in the reticulocyte count, both times occurring on the 9th day after starting the treatment, with a duration of several weeks, accompanied by a spontaneous remission of the blood values, and thus the intervals between the transfusions have been prolonged for 15 weeks.
A Case of Reticulo‐Endotheliosis with Unusual Course
Authors: TÖRNQVIST SVEN
Published: January 2008

In a boy, age two years, an impediment in walking was noted. By degrees marked anaemia with splenic enlargement, thrombocytopenia, elevation of the sedimentation rate, and bone marrow findings pointing to reticulosis or leukaemia. All the symptoms subsided, and the patient was fairly comfortable. He was fairly well for about one month. Subsequently his condition deteriorated once more, and he died roughly seven months after the onset of the disease. Pathoanatomic diagnosis, reticulosis.
On the Effect of the Hyaline Membranes in the Lungs of Newborn Infants
Authors: RANSTRÖM S.
Published: January 2008

An analysis of 30 cases of newborn infants with hyaline membranes in the lungs has led to the conclusion that these membranes are of no significant functional importance in the vast majority of castas. In more than half of the cases death was considered due to pneumonia. In cases where there was no pneumonia or demonstrable extrapulmonary cause of death the significant factor in the prevention of the gaseous exchange in the lungs was primary and/or secondary atelectasis. The atelectasis was not only located in parts of the lungs corresponding to the membranes. The clinical diagnosis of “membrane asphyxia” in the sense of “asphyxia caused by membrane formation” must be limited to cases with very abundant and widespread membranes causing secondary atelectasis.
Subsepsis allergica Wissler: A report on three cases
Authors: GARBY LARS
Published: January 2008

A description of three cases of Subsepsis allergica Wissler is given. No evidence of aetiology and pathogenesis could be obtained. The close relationship to rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis was confirmed. The beneficial effect of ACTH is pointed out.
Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Morbilli
Authors: ATTA MOHAMAD , SIEVERT BENGT
Published: January 2008

A case of thrombocytopenic purpura after morbilli in a girl of 9 years, previously healthy, is reported. On the tenth day after the appearance of the morbillous exan‐them, cutaneous and mucous membrane haemorrhages with increased intensity were noted. On hospitalization, she had thrombocytopenia and a prolonged bleeding time. She lost large amounts of blood, which were replaced by repeated blood transfusions. The haemorrhages began to abate after 12 days. The patient was discharged after a month. The subsequent follow‐up period uneventful except for a moderate persistent thrombocytopenia. A brief comparison is made between the present case and 4 earlier ones. A discussion of the genesis, therapy and prognosis of the disease is added.
Active Basal Immunity and Its Application to Epidemiology III. Combined Immunization against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis in Infancy
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , HESSELVIK LENNART , ERICSSON HANS
Published: January 2008

Summary

Some practical aspects of simultaneous immunization of infants against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis by means of mixed (triple) vaccines were investigated. Three injections were made, at 3, 41/2 and 6 months of age. Mild febrile reactions occurred in 22 per cent of the infants. Local reactions were common, particularly when a vaccine with a stronger pertussis component was employed. Three different sites of inoculation (back, arm, and leg) were compared; preference is given to the supraspinous fossa since persistent infiltration with consequent risk of abscess was less common there. The antibody response to diphtheria and tetanus was very satisfactory. In regard to pertussis, vaccine I (45 billion pertussis bacilli per 3 cc) gave rather low agglutinin titres, whereas vaccine II (60–75 billions per 3 cc) evoked a more satisfactory response.