bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective transport properties of conformal Voronoi-bounded columns via recurrent boundary element expansions
Authors: Arnold Matthew D.
Published: October 2019

Effective transport properties of heterogeneous structures are predicted by geometric microstructural parameters, but these can be difficult to calculate. Here, a boundary element code with a recurrent series method accurately and efficiently determines the high order parameters of polygonal and conformal prisms in regular two-dimensional lattices and Voronoi tessellations (VT). This reveals that proximity to simpler estimates is associated with centroidal VT (cf. random VT), compactness, and VT structures (cf. similarly compact semiregular lattices).
Influence of electronic structure parameters on the electrical transport and magnetic properties of Y2−xBixIr2O7 pyrochlore iridates
Authors: Dwivedi Vinod Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Soumik
Published: October 2019

We report the systematic study of structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of Y2−xBixIr2O7 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) pyrochlore iridates. Chemical doping enhances electrical conductivity and antiferromagnetic correlation substantially. The replacement of a nonmagnetic Y3+ ion with nonmagnetic Bi3+ in Y2Ir2O7 tends to reduce the octahedral distortion, thus enhancing the antiferromagnetic correlation. Raman spectroscopy shows that the Ir–O bond contracts slightly, and the R–O′ bond turns longer as disorder and phononic oscillation are reduced by Bi doping, leading to wider t2g bands, which enhances the electrical conductivity. Additionally, the enhancement in electrical conductivity and antiferromagnetic correlation with Bi3+ doping is attributed to the hybridization between the Y3+(4p)/Bi3+(6s/6p) orbital with the Ir4+(5d) orbital as a result of enhancement in the Ir–O–Ir bond angle and contraction in the Ir–O bond length.
Path-accelerated stochastic molecular dynamics: Parallel-in-time integration using path integrals
Authors: Rosa-Raíces Jorge L. , Zhang Bin , Miller Thomas F.
Published: October 2019

Massively parallel computer architectures create new opportunities for the performance of long-time scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here, we introduce the path-accelerated molecular dynamics method that takes advantage of distributed computing to reduce the wall-clock time of MD simulation via parallelization with respect to stochastic MD time steps. The marginal distribution for the time evolution of a system is expressed in terms of a path integral, enabling the use of path sampling techniques to numerically integrate MD trajectories. By parallelizing the evaluation of the path action with respect to time and by initializing the path configurations from a nonequilibrium distribution, the algorithm enables significant speedups in terms of the length of MD trajectories that can be integrated in a given amount of wall-clock time. The method is demonstrated for Brownian dynamics, although it is generalizable to other stochastic equations of motion including open systems. We apply the method to two simple systems, a harmonic oscillator and a Lennard-Jones liquid, and we show that in comparison to the conventional Euler integration scheme for Brownian dynamics, the new method can reduce the wall-clock time for integrating trajectories of a given length by more than three orders of magnitude in the former system and more than two in the latter. This new method for parallelizing MD in the dimension of time can be trivially combined with algorithms for parallelizing the MD force evaluation to achieve further speedup.
Krotov method for optimal control of closed quantum systems
Authors: Morzhin O. V. , Pechen A. N.
Published: October 2019

The mathematics of optimal control of quantum systems is of great interest in connection with fundamental problems of physics as well as with existing and prospective applications to quantum technologies. One important problem is the development of methods for constructing controls for quantum systems. One of the commonly used methods is the Krotov method, which was initially proposed outside of quantum control theory in articles by Krotov and Feldman (1978, 1983). This method was used to develop a novel approach to finding optimal controls for quantum systems in [64] (Tannor, Kazakov, and Orlov, 1992), [65] (Somlói, Kazakov, and Tannor, 1993), and in many other works by various scientists. Our survey discusses mathematical aspects of this method for optimal control of closed quantum systems. It outlines various modifications with different forms of the improvement function (for example, linear or linear-quadratic), different constraints on the control spectrum and on the admissible states of the quantum system, different regularisers, and so on. The survey describes applications of the Krotov method to controlling molecular dynamics and Bose–Einstein condensates, and to quantum gate generation. This method is compared with the GRAPE (GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering) method, the CRAB (Chopped Random-Basis) method, and the Zhu–Rabitz and Maday–Turinici methods.

Bibliography: 158 titles.
Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods
Authors: Clark Michael A , Springmann Marco , Hill Jason , Tilman David
Published: October 2019

Significance

Dietary choices are a leading global cause of mortality and environmental degradation and threaten the attainability of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement. To inform decision making and to better identify the multifaceted health and environmental impacts of dietary choices, we describe how consuming 15 different food groups is associated with 5 health outcomes and 5 aspects of environmental degradation. We find that foods associated with improved adult health also often have low environmental impacts, indicating that the same dietary transitions that would lower incidences of noncommunicable diseases would also help meet environmental sustainability targets.
Success and failure of ecological management is highly variable in an experimental test
Authors: White Easton R. , Cox Kyle , Melbourne Brett A. , Hastings Alan
Published: October 2019

When managing natural systems, the importance of recognizing the role of uncertainty has been formalized as the precautionary approach. However, it is difficult to determine the role of stochasticity in the success or failure of management because there is almost always no replication; typically, only a single observation exists for a particular site or management strategy. Yet, assessing the role of stochasticity is important for providing a strong foundation for the precautionary approach, and learning from past outcomes is critical for implementing adaptive management of species or ecosystems. In addition, adaptive management relies on being able to implement a variety of strategies in order to learn—an often difficult task in natural systems. Here, we show that there is large, stochastically driven variability in success for management treatments to control an invasive species, particularly for moderate, and more feasible, management strategies. This is exactly where the precautionary approach should be important. Even when combining management strategies, we show that moderate effort in management either fails or is highly variable in its success. This variability allows some management treatments to, on average, meet their target, even when failure is probable. Our study is an important quantitative replicated experimental test of the precautionary approach and can serve as a way to understand the variability in management outcomes in natural systems which have the potential to be more variable than our tightly controlled system.
Optimal functionalization of a molecular electrocatalyst for hydride transfer
Authors: Xu Shenzhen , Carter Emily A.
Published: October 2019

Significance

Catalytic reduction reactions via hydride transfer (HT) are ubiquitous in (photo)electrochemical systems being explored for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Optimizing the hydride donor—the key catalytic intermediate—is essential to improving performance. Using a well-vetted density functional theory (DFT)-based solvated embedded cluster model, we find that molecular functionalization could significantly enhance the stability (against protonation) of adsorbed 2-pyridinide, which is the probable hydride donor in heterogeneous CO2reduction to methanol on GaP photoelectrodes. Specifically, the hydride donor’s performance correlates strongly with the electron-withdrawing capability of substituents. Among all those considered, the –CH2–CH2F functional group appears to be the optimal substituent, which is determined by balancing the trade-off between stability enhancement and HT-barrier increase of functionalized hydride donors.
Chronic social disruption following a systemic fishery failure
Authors: Scyphers Steven B. , Picou J. Steven , Grabowski Jonathan H.
Published: October 2019

In the United States, the iconic groundfish fishery for Gulf of Maine cod has endured several dramatic reductions in annual catch limits and been federally declared an economic disaster. Using a repeated cross-sectional survey of fishing captains to assess potential social impacts of the fishery failure, we found that psychological distress and social disruption were pervasive throughout New England fishing communities. For instance, our results indicate that 62% of captains self-reported severe or moderate psychological distress 1 y after the crisis began, and these patterns have persisted for 5 y. Using classification tree analyses, we found that low levels of trust in fisheries management was the most powerful predictor of both initial and chronic psychological distress. Distress was most severe among individuals without income diversity and those with dependents in the household. Compared to other aspects of fisheries, measuring and managing for noneconomic social outcomes and human well-being has lagged behind, even though it is a necessary component of mitigating the adverse impacts of fisheries disruptions.
An unbounded approach to microfluidics using the Rayleigh–Plateau instability of viscous threads directly drawn in a bath
Authors: Cai Lingzhi , Marthelot Joel , Brun P.-T.
Published: October 2019

Significance

Liquid jets break into droplets to minimize their surface area. This interfacial phenomenon is central to many engineering applications, e.g., microfluidics, exploiting the small size and monodispersity of instability-mediated droplets. However, another facet of this hydrodynamical process is usually neglected: droplets formed by an instability are periodically spaced following the most unstable mode of the instability. Here, we harness this inherent periodicity to generate soft materials with spatial order. We “freeze” liquid inclusions in a silicon-based polymer matrix and unravel a pathway to control both the droplets size and position, independently. Using experiments and theory, we provide a physical basis for the development of instability-assisted 3-dimensional printing and show how features much smaller than the nozzle size can be obtained.
An allosteric PGAM1 inhibitor effectively suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wen Chen-Lei , Huang Ke , Jiang Lu-Lu , Lu Xiong-Xiong , Dai Yu-Ting , Shi Min-Min , Tang Xiao-Mei , Wang Qing-Bing , Zhang Xiao-Dan , Wang Peng-Hui , Li Hui-Ti , Ruan Xiao-Xue , Wang Li-Wen , Wang Xin-Jing , Wang Qian , Lu Wei , Xiang Xiao-Qiang , Sun Xun , Xu Yan-Hui , Lai Lu-Hua , Zhan Qian , Li Hong-Wei , Peng Cheng-Hong , Chen Jing , Huang Jin-Yan , Ye De-Yong , Chen Sai-Juan , Chen Zhu , Li Min , Fang Yuan , Shen Bai-Yong , Zhou Lu
Published: October 2019

Glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) plays a critical role in cancer metabolism by coordinating glycolysis and biosynthesis. A well-validated PGAM1 inhibitor, however, has not been reported for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. By uncovering the elevated PGAM1 expressions were statistically related to worse prognosis of PDAC in a cohort of 50 patients, we developed a series of allosteric PGAM1 inhibitors by structure-guided optimization. The compound KH3 significantly suppressed proliferation of various PDAC cells by down-regulating the levels of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in correlation with PGAM1 expression. Similar to PGAM1 depletion, KH3 dramatically hampered the canonic pathways highly involved in cancer metabolism and development. Additionally, we observed the shared expression profiles of several signature pathways at 12 h after treatment in multiple PDAC primary cells of which the matched patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models responded similarly to KH3 in the 2 wk treatment. The better responses to KH3 in PDXs were associated with higher expression of PGAM1 and longer/stronger suppressions of cancer metabolic pathways. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a strategy of targeting cancer metabolism by PGAM1 inhibition in PDAC. Also, this work provided “proof of concept” for the potential application of metabolic treatment in clinical practice.
Isoglosses and subdivisions of Iranian
Authors: Korn Agnes
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to look at some of the problems with the traditional subdivisions of Iranian and at possible new approaches. It builds on an argument made inKorn (2016a), adding discussion and further illustrating problems in the data and methods involved in the traditional model of relations among the Iranian languages. It specifically points out that the traditional family tree is based on a set of isoglosses that is an artefact of the data that happened to be available at the time. In addition, the question arises whether the wave model or the concept of linguistic areas would be more adequate to account for the data. The discovery of a corpus of Bactrian manuscripts encourages a new approach. I argue that a sub-branch including Bactrian, Parthian and some other languages is a hypothesis that deserves to be tested; at the same time, the comparison with other Iranian languages as well as typological considerations permit to assess the role of language contact.
Parental strategies in argumentative dialogues with their children at mealtimes
Authors: Bova Antonio
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on parent-child argumentation to identify the argumentative strategies most frequently used by
parents to resolve in their favor the process of negotiation occurring during argumentative dialogues with their children at
mealtime. Findings of the analysis of 132 argumentative dialogues indicate that parents mostly use arguments based on the notions
of quality and quantity in food-related discussions. The parents use other types of arguments such as the appeal to consistency,
the arguments from authority, and the arguments from analogy, in discussions related to the teaching of correct behaviors in
social situations within and outside the family context. The results of this study show how parents and children contribute to
co-constructing the dialogic process of negotiating their divergent opinions.
The polyphonic pastor
Authors: Kraut Joshua
Published: October 2019

The current study draws on insights from research on reported speech, or more accurately what Tannen (2007) calls “constructed dialogue” to elucidate its role as an argumentative
device as observed in a journalistic interview with a prominent American minister. I explore diverse techniques the minister uses
to marshal a multiplicity of respected voices – an impressive Bakhtinian polyphony – to defend faith. An important contribution of
this study lies in its integration of what Gumperz (1977, 1982) calls
“contextualization cues”, paralinguistic signaling mechanisms (stress, pitch, speech rate, etc.), and constructed dialogue as
phenomena which function together. The study reveals how various contextualization cues embedded within constructed dialogue
contribute to framing knowledge claims as reliable.
The Dialogic Turn in Language Study
Authors: Săftoiu Răzvan
Published: October 2019

Over the past hundred years, linguistic schools have put forward and adopted either divergent or convergent
positions regarding what language consists of. In this paper, I shall examine the dialogic turn in language study (i.e. language
use is dialogic use, any action is dialogically directed either initiatively or reactively) so that readers can get an insight
into the complexity of human communication. After the overview, I shall focus on some integrated components derived from the
complex whole of dialogic action such as teaching, culture, business, courtroom interaction with a view to identifying the
advantages of embracing dialogical theories of language and meaning.
Cardio-respiratory signal extraction from video camera data for continuous non-contact vital sign monitoring using deep learning
Authors: Chaichulee Sitthichok , Villarroel Mauricio , Jorge João , Arteta Carlos , McCormick Kenny , Zisserman Andrew , Tarassenko Lionel
Published: October 2019

Non-contact vital sign monitoring enables the estimation of vital signs, such as heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2), by measuring subtle color changes on the skin surface using a video camera. For patients in a hospital ward, the main challenges in the development of continuous and robust non-contact monitoring techniques are the identification of time periods and the segmentation of skin regions of interest (ROIs) from which vital signs can be estimated. We propose a deep learning framework to tackle these challenges. Approach: This paper presents two convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The first network was designed for detecting the presence of a patient and segmenting the patient’s skin area. The second network combined the output from the first network with optical flow for identifying time periods of clinical intervention so that these periods can be excluded from the estimation of vital signs. Both networks were trained using video recordings from a clinical study involving 15 pre-term infants conducted in the high dependency area of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK. Main results: Our proposed methods achieved an accuracy of 98.8% for patient detection, a mean intersection-over-union (IOU) score of 88.6% for skin segmentation and an accuracy of 94.5% for clinical intervention detection using two-fold cross validation. Our deep learning models produced accurate results and were robust to different skin tones, changes in light conditions, pose variations and different clinical interventions by medical staff and family visitors. Significance: Our approach allows cardio-respiratory signals to be continuously derived from the patient’s skin during which the patient is present and no clinical intervention is undertaken.
Multi-diagnostic analysis of plasma filaments in the island divertor
Authors: Zoletnik S , Anda G , Biedermann C , Carralero A D , Cseh G , Dunai D , Killer C , Kocsis G , Krämer-Flecken A , Otte M , Shanahan B , Szepesi T , Vecsei M , Zsuga L
Published: October 2019

Filaments or blobs are well known structures in turbulence in magnetic fusion devices, they are considered to be the major cross-transport channel in the scrape off layer. They originate at the last closed magnetic flux surface and propagate out on the low field side of toroidal devices due to polarization in the curved magnetic field. The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator has a complex three-dimensional magnetic field structure and additionally the plasma is bounded by a chain of magnetic islands, forming an island divertor. After the first observation of filaments in Wendelstein 7-X with video cameras a multi-diagnostic study is presented in this paper to reveal their 3D structure and dynamics. Filaments are seen to be born at the edge and, at least in some cases, seen to extend to up to 4 toroidal turns. After moving radially out a few cm they enter the edge island. Here they disappear from the equatorial plane and about 200 microseconds later reappear on the outboard side of the island. A long-wavelength (∼20–30 cm) quasi coherent mode is observed in both regions where filaments appear. The similarities and differences between the filaments seen in W7-X and other devices are discussed. Possible explanations for this strange radial propagation are considered, together with the likely role of filaments in the edge and island density profile.
Mechanism of HF condensive complex plasma modification of polyurethane membrane coatings in the air environment
Authors: Vishnevskaya O V , Voznesensky E F , Ibragimov R G , Vishnevsky V V , Kharapudko Yu V , Vishnevsky V V , Sysoev V A , Tihonova N V
Published: October 2019

The mechanism of the high frequency condensive complex plasma modification of polyurethane membrane coatings in air is investigated. The study revealed that after plasma modification in air, oxidation and hydrolysis of polyurethane membrane coatings occurs, which is expressed in an increase in the intensity of absorption bands corresponding to primary OH groups in the range of wave numbers 1005–1070 cm−1, 1310 cm−1 and 1420 cm−1, as well as in partial destruction of polyurethane chains with the formation of urea groups, which corresponds to the vibrations of CO-groups in the range of wave numbers 1590–1690 cm−1.
Application of cold plasma for bioactivation of sowing material
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov Az T , Israphilov I H , Shafigullin L N , Gabdrakhmanova T F
Published: October 2019

An innovative installation for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of various crops with cold plasma, it allows to increase their germination, resistance of plants to external stresses, productivity and ecological value of the product were proposed in this paper.
The composition of alpha case of the titanium casting obtained in a ceramic mold based on MgO
Authors: Yu Petrov E , Lyakhovich A M , Kashapov N F , Lomaeva S F , Mistahov R I
Published: October 2019

The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method has been used to study the alpha case formed on the surface of a titanium alloy during its casting into ceramic molds, based on a mixture of oxides of magnesium, silicon, calcium, and water glass, as a binder. It is established that the alpha case consists of mold metal oxides, titanium oxides and complex intermetallic compounds based on titanium and mold elements.
Influence of different processes of the electron emission on the ultrahigh charging of a dust particle in plasma by the energetic e-beam.
Authors: Akishev Yu S , Balakirev A A , Karalnik V B , Petryakov A V , Trushkin N I
Published: October 2019

Results of numerical modeling of dynamics of ultrahigh charging of the dust particle surrounded with plasma and irradiated by an electron beam with high electron energy are given in the presented work. The e-beam was created by the pulsed open discharge in strongly overvoltage regime.The maximum negative charge accumulated on the irradiated particle is defined by the intensity of processes of charging and discharging of a target. In general, the process of charging is defined by e-beam parameters (its energy and the current density) while the discharging of a target depends on many processes, such as delivery of positive ions from the plasma onto a negatively charged target and also an emission of electrons from a target surface. In its turn, the electron emission from a surface is caused by the various processes including kinetic emission of electrons due to impact of the target by fast ions, secondary electron emission by e-beam, thermo-emission and auto-emission of electrons in case of strong heating of a particle and emergence of the strong electric field on a surface of the highly charged target. The ultrahigh charging of the dust particle irradiated by an e-beam with the energy of 25 keV was modeled. Results of numerical calculations about influence of the listed above discharging processes of a target on its maximum negative charge and potential have shown that the greatest contribution to the target discharging process belongs to the kinetic electron emission caused by fast positive ions.
Verification of two averaged models of three-phase filtration in inhomogeneous layers of oil reservoirs, obeying uniform distribution
Authors: Plokhotnikov S P , Bogomolov V A , Salimyanov I T , Ya Al Jabri A , Kamal A R
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the possibility of using two averaged models, including models with modified relative phase permeabilities for solving filtration problems. Furthermore, a method of averaging the relative phase permeabilities for the three-phase filtration problem was created. The problem of three-phase isothermal displacement of oil and gas with water was solved during areal flooding in a stratified reservoir. Five-point and nine-point waterflood systems were considered. In addition, a comparative analysis of the calculation results based on three-dimensional and two-dimensional three-phase filtration models is performed.
Register impurities in the plasma forming gas helium in a large volume reactor using plasma electron spectroscopy method
Authors: Saifutdinov A I , Sysoev S S , Kudryavtsev A A
Published: October 2019

The results of this article show the possibility of determining the qualitative composition of impurities in buffer helium in a high-volume vacuum reactor by initiating a short glow in a small (non-working) part of this volume and using the PLES method.
Some of radiation regularities of the hydrogen in the gas discharge with water-solution cathode
Authors: Tazmeev K K , Tazmeev A K
Published: October 2019

The radiation of hydrogen in gas discharge, which ignited between a liquid electrolyte and copper electrode in the current range of 1–15 A was studied. As the liquid electrolyte, solutions of sodium chloride in distilled water with concentrations in the range of 2-10 g/l were used. Spectral studies were carried out in the visible region of radiation.
Characteristics of the arc plasma metal generator
Authors: Dautov I G , Tazmeev K K
Published: October 2019

Erosive electric arc plasma generator was developed and investigated. Studies were carried out at pressures from 1.3·10−3 to 105 Pa in the current range of 25-250 A. Plasma was obtained from the erosion products of titanium and copper electrodes.
Development features of the plasma flow in the gas discharge with the liquid electrolyte cathode
Authors: Tazmeeva R N , Tazmeev B K
Published: October 2019

The plasma flows in the form of a flat vertical wall were obtained and investigated. The discharge was ignited in an open air atmosphere in the range of currents of 2-15 A. The possibility of forming the plasma flow with parameters acceptable for energy-intensive technologies is shown.
Modification of surface of textile materials with silver nanoparticles in the radio-frequency induction plasma discharge of low pressure
Authors: Timoshina Y A , Voznesensky E F , Tskhay E S , Sysoev V A , Krasina I V , Kulevtsov G N
Published: October 2019

The results of experimental researches on the modification of knitted polyester materials with a solution of silver nanoparticles using radio-frequency induction plasma treatment are presented. The uniformity of application of the antibacterial preparation on the surface of textiles, as well as the effectiveness of fixing silver nanoparticles in the surface layer of the material were investigated.
Evaluation of small non-sphericity of converging shock waves in bubbles during collapse in acetone and tetradecane
Authors: Yu Toporkov D
Published: October 2019

A strong compression of vapor in cavitation bubbles during their collapse in acetone and tetradecane at a temperature of 293 K and 663 K, respectively, is considered. At the beginning of collapse, the bubbles are at rest, their radius is 500 μm, the vapor in the bubbles is in a state of saturation at a temperature of the surrounding liquid. The pressures of tetradecane and acetone are 50 and 15 bar, respectively. At these pressures, the degrees of strong vapor compression in the cavitaion bubbles in tetradecane and acetone are fairly close to one another. An approximate estimate of maximum perturbations of the shock wave sphericity is made. It is shown that at the moment of focusing, the converging shock wave inside the bubble in acetone turns out to be more spherical despite the fact that at the end of collapse, the non-sphericity of the bubble in acetone is much greater.
Dynamics of acoustic waves in a liquid with solid particles and gas bubbles
Authors: Gubaidullin D A , Gubaidullina D D , Fedorov Yu V
Published: October 2019

A mathematical model that determines the propagation of acoustic waves in a mixture of a liquid with gas bubbles and solid particles is presented. The system of differential equations is written, the dispersion equation is obtained. Low-frequency and high-frequency asymptotics of the sound speed in the specified mixture are found and illustrated. The influence of solid particles and gas bubbles on the dispersion and dissipation of acoustic waves is indicated. For a mixture of liquid and solid particles, a comparison of the speed of sound with known experimental data is presented.
Synchronous Boost DC-DC Converter for Nitrogen Plasma
Authors: Hakki A , Kashapov N , Fedorenko M
Published: October 2019

The paper describes a high power synchronous boost inverter for Nitrogen plasma torches. A high frequency was used in order to drive the pulse width modulation circuit. The average output current consumption (AOCC) was modified from (15A) up to (25A). The (AOCC) was reduced from (25A) down to (15A) by increasing the duty ratio from (0.75) up to (0.88). The switching frequency of the sync boost inverter was fixed at (20KHz).
Some characteristics of surface hardening of steel 65g in the electric-spark method
Authors: Sharifullin S N , Fayzrakhmanov I A , Adigamov N R , Akhmetzyanov R R , Shaykhutdinov R R , Lyadov R M , Shustov V A , Bayniyazova A T
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of studies of some physical and mechanical properties of metal samples made of 65G steel, hardened by electrospark method. Researches are connected with the solution of problems of increase of a resource of work of details and working bodies of agricultural machines. The elemental composition, phase composition and microstructure of the surface of 65G steel samples processed by the electrospark method were investigated.
Experimental study of the energy characteristics of a longitudinal Glow Discharge
Authors: Yunusov R F , Garipov M M
Published: October 2019

Currently, a glow discharge is widely used not only as a gas-discharge light source or as an active medium for gas lasers, but also as an element of a plasma-chemical reactor, which allows for various chemical transformations in order to obtain new materials, modify and clean surfaces. Despite the fact that the structure and distribution of parameters in a classical glow discharge without gas flow and flat cylindrical electrodes are well known, to solve new technological problems, it is necessary to study glow discharge in discharge chambers with different electrode geometries and gas flow organization methods.The presence of a gas flow causes heterogeneity in the distribution of the parameters of a glow discharge, and can also affect the structure of its individual zones. Experimental study of the parameters of a longitudinal glow discharge will allow not only a better understanding of the physics of gas discharge, but also will make it possible to find ways to control these parameters, which is important for designing discharge chambers of various technological purposes. The article is devoted to a comprehensive experimental study of the distribution of potentials, field strength, current-voltage characteristics in a longitudinal glow discharge. The gas pressure P, its flow rate G, the discharge current strength I and its voltage U vary respectively in the ranges: P = (2–9) kPa, G = (0–0. 05) g / s, I = (30-80) mA, U = (1 - 2) kV.
Data Management System for Photovoltaic Solar Environment
Authors: Tak H , Lee D , Kim H , Cho H G
Published: October 2019

As communication environments and Internet-of-Things technologies evolve, smart grid is being studied for collecting and predicting facility data in real time. In this paper, we propose a management system that collects the data of a photovoltaic system and predicts the amount of power generation. For this purpose, we designed an environment that can collect solar data, adjacent environment data, and facility information in real time. In addition, to expand the limits of previous power generation prediction studies, a power generation prediction experiment was conducted using recurrent neural network-based methods. The experimental results are compared with those of previous studies.
Coordinated Scheduling of District Integrated Energy System for Enhancing Resilience in Extreme Events
Authors: Qi S X , Wang X L , Peng Q , Zhu C Z
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a coordinated scheduling model is proposed, which provides resilience enhancement for the district integrated energy system (DIES) against extreme events. The innovation of this model is to divide scheduling into three stages. In the normal scheduling, the objective is to minimize the operation costs until a disaster alert occurs. In the proactive scheduling, the objective is to maximize the stored energy for supplying post-disaster load demand. In the resilient scheduling, the objective is to minimize the amount of load shedding. Moreover, the time of disaster alert, disaster disruption and system recovery are uncertain. Hence, according to the intensity of disasters, the results of the proposed coordinated scheduling are analysed by three disaster scenarios. The scheduling is established by optimizing the model, which is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming. Finally, it is verified that the coordinated scheduling model proposed can effectively enhance resilience of DIES by case studies.
Users’ satisfaction of indoor environmental quality conditions in ZEB+ at high latitudes
Authors: Zaikina Veronika , Moscoso Claudia , Matusiak Barbara , Chelli Ali , Balasingham Ilangko
Published: October 2019

Energy efficiency policy forces architects to design buildings with increasingly well-sealed building skin. With the minimized outdoor connection, the indoor environment factors depend strongly on technical systems and control. In these scenarios, occupant dissatisfaction indicates a need for improvements of indoor environment and the way it is controlled. The aim of the article is to contribute to the discussion about the user perspective of indoor environmental quality in ZEB in the Nordic region. The focus on daylight as a factor for visual comfort, and on low outside temperature as an aspect of thermal comfort was dictated by this choice. An experimental study was conducted with 75 participants, in which the thermal, acoustic and visual conditions (controlled factors) together with a view out, humidity and CO2 level (monitored factors) were assessed by them and quantified via sensors. In most studied settings, the thermal comfort was the most determinant factor, followed by the acoustic and visual comfort. Other significant factors were mean illuminance in the room, mean temperature at the participants’ desks and a mode value of the noise level. The daylight levels much lower than recommended in regulations were accepted by participants as comfortable if they were sitting by the window. Also, participants preferred a higher indoor temperature than the recommended in Norway.
User engagement with smart home technology for enabling building energy flexibility in a district heating system
Authors: Larsen Simon Peter , Johra Hicham
Published: October 2019

The future low-carbon emission societies rely on energy systems bearing an increasing share of renewable energy sources (RES). Consequently, demand-side management and energy flexibility become a key solution to compensate for the intermittent nature of RES. District heating systems hold a large potential for energy flexibility if households are actively integrated. While previous research and local policies have applied demand-side management such as smart meters, new smart home technology envisions full employment of the flexibility potential of the building stock. Morning energy demand peak is a major concern for district heating systems in Nordic countries. Demand-side management for district heating has thus mainly focused on morning hours peak-shaving. While integrating smart home technology as a demand-side management solution, the household becomes a flexible energy hub for thermal energy storage. While the technical potential of achieving such flexibility has been investigated, less research has been carried out concerning how users engage with smart home technology and how this influences the possibilities for load-shifting of the indoor space-heating demand. By conducting qualitative studies (interviews and ‘show and tell’ home tours) in 16 Danish households, this paper explores how users engage with smart home technology and how this influences the possibilities for load-shifting in a district heating system. The study provides insight into how the occupants interact with different smart technologies providing space-heating control. Results show that engagement with smart home technology must be understood as part of people’s everyday practices. The flexibility in energy demand must be generated by understanding and changing practices to make them more flexible during peak hours. While smart home technology holds the potential for adding flexibility within the district heating system, the technology is rarely used as intended by occupants. Smart home technology is disrupting, and users rapidly create workarounds in order to perform everyday practices. Load-shifting during morning hours is thus a technical possibility, but the dominant techno-economic paradigm embedded in smart home technologies remains a barrier, as the latter must adapt to the everyday practices.
Living labs in a zero emission neighbourhood context
Authors: Woods R , Berker T
Published: October 2019

The Research Centre for Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart cities has established a concept for living labs. Central to the concept is an experimental format that offers some control over the social and physical environment, as well as opportunities to observe and engage during a limited period. According to Bulkeley et al. 2018, an experiment offers a means to make sense of the present whilst also providing a vision of the future [1]. The paper asks, what are the implications for users when engaging with experiments and presents results from a ZEN living lab experiment that took place at Campus Evenstad in Hedmark, Norway.

Technical management at Evenstad proposed the experiment, they wanted to test if it was possible to reduce campus energy consumption and the starting point was the old administration building, which has the highest energy consumption on campus. The energy use reduction was to be achieved by turning off the building’s heating and ventilation systems during a limited four-week period. This took place in July 2018, when the building users were expected to be on holiday or doing fieldwork. A workshop to anchor the experiment among building users took place a month before the experiment started. During the workshop challenges associated with the experiment and with the building, for users, became apparent. However, building users agreed to participation in the experiment because they saw it as an opportunity to highlight what they understood as necessary changes to the building. The experiment achieved the energy saving potential that the building managers envisioned, but the results for the building users are less tangible.

From a pragmatist approach, living labs and their experiments are about providing solutions, but the Evenstad example highlights the challenge of providing tangible solutions and how we engage users with more intangible future solutions. We discuss therefore the limitations and potentials associated with the experimental format. Moving beyond demonstrating what a sustainable future should look like and include [1p.1], and instead noting opportunities for the translation of societal learning into concrete actions that serve the user groups engaged as well as demonstrating, the potential to influence wider sustainable transitions.
Refurbishment of historic buildings at a district scale: Enhancement of cultural value and emissions reduction potential
Authors: Loli A , Bertolin C , Kleiven T
Published: October 2019

The historic buildings have a significant value in providing a sense of identity to the cities and the community. On the other hand, due to their age, they show the highest ratio of living discomfort and energy consumption. Therefore, their refurbishment is a very important process because, if done right, it will not only reduce their energy demand and increase the living comfort but will also strengthen the social and cultural benefits through leisure and tourism.

In the city of Trondheim, as in many other European cities, the historic buildings have been erected in different architectural periods, which manifest diverse historic and technical features. A categorisation of the wall sections of historic buildings has been done for each city’s development period regarding their construction material and technique, building functionality and protection status.

The scope of the article is to estimate the potential for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions at a street/neighbourhood/city level prior to applying large-scale intervention measures. This can be achieved by proposing refurbishment alternatives for wall and window sections that preserve the historic value and at the same time, approach or even meet the actual technical standards. Afterwards, the carbon footprint of the refurbishment action itself and the environmental benefits after the refurbishment (operational phase) is estimated for each category of wall sections. The environmental results, multiplied with the total surface of sections carrying the same attributes, give the overall potential of reduction for the entire group of buildings. Based on this, the on-site renewable energy that would lead to achieving zero-emission targets can be calculated. The framework is also important because it does not treat each building separately, but it suggests refurbishment scenarios for specific categories of buildings built in different historical periods.
A parametric study of the energy performance and carbon footprint of super-insulation in terrace constructions
Authors: Skaar Christofer , Gaarder Jørn Emil , Sletnes Malin
Published: October 2019

Energy requirements for buildings are continually tightened, as seen in the ambitions to introduce near zero-energy building (nZEB) requirements in Norwegian and European building codes from 2020. One consequence of this is an increased use of insulation. However, standard insulation may cause challenges in many circumstances, for example where increased wall dimensions lead to reduced daylight levels or where increased insulation leads to increased floor height. Super-insulation materials are a possible solution to these challenges. Although several super-insulation products exist on the market, there is still a need for proven system solutions that provide the required level of insulation, along with reduced thickness in the constructions. An additional challenge is that these solutions should also be cost-effective and carbon-effective. The economic benefits should outweigh the costs and the carbon footprint should ideally be reduced, but at least not significantly increased.

To analyse the potential of super-insulation, we have performed a parametric case study of terrace constructions based on super-insulation and compared these with a baseline solution. The terrace construction uses vacuum insulation panels (VIP) as the main insulation. The top plate insulation is tapered mineral wool, aerogel is used in the edges and on top of the construction there are wood tiles. The parameters that have been varied are i) terrace dimensions, ii) width of the edge with non-combustible aerogel, iii) the thickness of the VIP layer, iii) the slope of the tapering, and iv) the heat conductivity of the VIP panels.

To evaluate the benefits of the super-insulation an analysis of energy performance in the use phase has been done. As the energy efficiency of the super-insulation solution is improved, this gain can be used either to reduce thickness or to increase energy performance. Both these will have an impact on the costs. To evaluate the environmental performance of the solution a screening LCA has been performed, with focus on the carbon footprint. The results of the case study show under which circumstances the super-insulation solution has better performance than the baseline, and vice versa. Key parameters that drive energy performance and carbon footprint are identified, providing suggestions for further research.
Influence of emerging technologies deployment in residential built stock on electric energy cost and grid load
Authors: Zhuravchak Ruslan , Nord Natasa , Brattebø Helge
Published: October 2019

High penetration rates of novel building energy technologies has prompted a growing concern about their microeconomic effect and grid influence. Deployment of photovoltaic (PV), solar water heating (SWH) systems and energy storage solutions, in addition to the growth of electric vehicles (EV) fleet, are reshaping the structure of built stock and lead to the changes in its electric energy demand profile. Long-term forecasting of such structural changes is necessary to guide the decision-making process that would satisfy the needs of both, energy consumers and the suppliers. Whereas electric energy price model is one of the key influencing factors of technologies acceptance for households, peak loads and grid feed-in determine the needed capacity of power grids. The objective of this study was to assess both, the aggregated cost of energy and the changes in cumulative load profiles that are excepted by 2050 for one of residential building typologies in Norway. Methodologically, it was achieved with descriptive statistics, stochastic forecasting and detailed energy performance simulation. Annual electric energy cost for consumers were evaluated under six pricing models. The results suggested that time-of-use and variable maximum power extraction models represent the lowest and the highest extremes in energy cost. At the aggregated level, peak load will decrease in range 1% to 13% compared to current level. Peak PV feed-in will reach up to 40% of peak load by 2050.
Exploring the tools and methods to evaluate influence of social groups on individual occupant behavior with impact on energy use
Authors: Annaqeeb M K , Dziedzic J W , Yan D , Novakovic V
Published: October 2019

One of the key elements in driving the energy performance of buildings has been recognized as occupant behavior (OB). However, available tools for assessing and simulating occupant behavior are based on fixed schedules and aggregated profiles, which fail to capture the diversity of OB. A significant aspect of OB is its relation to social groups and their influence and interdependence on each other. The data regarding the influence of social groups is important to achieve an effective model of OB as it accentuates the individual OB profile based on the influences it can have from the social groups they belong to. This added module is not present in traditional building simulation tools. This study aims to explore the tools and methods to evaluate the factors that are responsible for the influence of social groups on individuals’ energy-related behavior. The paper investigates the kind of data sets needed for understanding this interdependence, including the occupant’s social group, their standing in the group, and the intent behind different actions and its comparison to the actions the individual would take without any external influence. The results will be used to construct questionnaires, which can prove beneficial in developing social group profiles in OB models.