bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the BATT score for prehospital risk stratification of traumatic haemorrhagic death: Usefulness for tranexamic acid treatment criteria.
Authors: Ageron Francois-Xavier , Coats Timothy J , Darioli Vincent , Roberts Ian
Published: November 2020

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical blood loss and reduces deaths from bleeding in trauma patients. Tranexamic acid must be given urgently, preferably by paramedics at the scene of the injury or in the ambulance. We developed a simple score (Bleeding Audit Triage Trauma score) to predict death from bleeding.Methods: We conducted an external validation of the BATT score using data from the UK Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018. We evaluated the impact of tranexamic acid treatment thresholds in trauma patients.Results: We included 104,862 trauma patients with an injury severity score of 9 or above. Tranexamic acid was administered to 9,915 (9%) patients. Of these 5,185 (52%) received prehospital tranexamic acid. The BATT score had good accuracy (Brier score=6%) and good discrimination (C-statistic 0.90; 95% CI 0.89-0.91). Calibration in the large showed no substantial difference between predicted and observed death due to bleeding (1.15% versus 1.16%; P=0.81). Pre-hospital tranexamic acid treatment of trauma patients with a BATT score of 2 or more would avoid 210 bleeding deaths by treating 61,598 patients instead of avoiding 55 deaths by treating 9,915 as currently. Conclusion: The BATT score identifies trauma patient at risk of significant haemorrhage. A score of 2 or more would be an appropriate threshold for pre-hospital tranexamic acid treatment.
Varicella Zoster Virus Anterior Uveitis Complicated by Thalamic Stroke
Authors: Anthony Casey , Costarides Anastasios P. , Yeh Steven , Shantha Jessica G.
Published: November 2020

We report a case of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated anterior uveitis in a patient with weight loss, arthritis and signs of inflammatory bowel disease. Her clinical course included the development of a thalamic stroke secondary to VZV cerebral vasculopathy. Following antiviral therapy, the patient’s neurologic symptoms recovered and her ophthalmic findings improved.
Relationship between tumor mutational burden and maximum standardized uptake value in 2-[18F]FDG PET (positron emission tomography) scan in cancer patients
Authors: Jahromi Amin Haghighat , Barkauskas Donald A , Zabel Matthew , Goodman Aaron M. , Frampton Garret , Nikanjam Mina , Hoh Carl K , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Deriving links between imaging and genomic markers is an evolving field. 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography- Computed Tomography) is commonly used for cancer imaging, with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) as the main quantitative parameter. Tumor mutational burden (TMB), the quantitative variable obtained using next-generation sequencing on a tissue biopsy sample, is a putative immunotherapy response predictor. We report the relationship between TMB and SUVmax, linking these two important parameters.Methods: In this pilot study, we analyzed 1923 patients with diverse cancers and available TMB values. Overall, 273 patients met our eligibility criteria in that they had no systemic treatment prior to imaging/biopsy, and also had 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT within six months prior to the tissue biopsy, to ensure acceptable temporal correlation between imaging and genomic evaluation.Results: We found a linear correlation between TMB and SUVmax (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only TMB independently correlated with SUVmax whereas age, gender and tumor organ did not.Conclusion: Our observations link SUVmax in readily available, routinely used, and non-invasive 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT imaging to the TMB, which requires a tissue biopsy and time to process. Since higher TMB has been implicated as a prognostic biomarker for better outcomes after immunotherapy, further investigation will be needed to determine if SUVmax can stratify patient response to immunotherapy.
Title: Vitamin D Receptor Bsm I Polymorphism and Osteoporosis Risk in postmenopausal women: A Meta-Analysis from 42 Studies
Authors: Liao JunLong , Qin Qiang , Zhou YongSheng , Ma RuPing , Zhou HeChao , Gu MaoRong , Feng Yunping , Wang BoYuan , Yang Ling
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively summarize the evidence for VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Weipu, CNKI, and Wanfang database were searched for eligible studies. Case-control studies containing available genotype frequencies of B/b were chosen, and Odds ratio (OR) with ­­­95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of this association. Results: 4485 osteoporosis and 5490 controls were identified in our meta-analysis. In the stratified analysis, a significant association was observed between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and osteoporosis susceptibility in Caucasians (additive model: OR=0.809, 95% CI 0.678~0.965, p=0.019, recessive model: OR=0.736, 95% CI 0.568~0.955, p=0.021, and co-dominant model: bb vs. BB OR=0.701, 95% CI 0.511~0.962 p= 0.028), and we failed to find any significant relationship in Asians. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that VDR BsmI genotype is associated with increased risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Caucasians but not in Asians. To draw comprehensive and true conclusions, further prospective studies with larger numbers of participants worldwide are needed to examine associations between VDR BsmI polymorphism and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Determinants of low breastfeeding self-efficacy amongst mothers of children aged less than six months old: Results from the BADUTA Study in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Titaley Christiana R , Dibley Michael , Ariawan Iwan , Mu'asyaroh Anifatun , Alam Ashraful , Damayanti Rita , Tran Do Thanh , Ferguson Elaine , Kyaw Htet , Li Mu , Sutrisna Aang , Fahmida Umi
Published: November 2020

Background Despite the increasing rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, there is still a need for supportive interventions. Breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers is a key factor positively associated with optimum breastfeeding practices. Our analysis aims to assess the determinants of low breastfeeding self-efficacy amongst a sample of women with children aged under six months in Malang and Sidoarjo Districts, East Java, Indonesia. Methods We used information from 1210 mothers of children aged <6 months recruited in the BADUTA study conducted in 2015-2016 in Malang and Sidoarjo Districts. The outcome variable in this analysis was mothers' self-efficacy for breastfeeding using the 14 statements in the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy-Short Form. We evaluated 17 potential predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy, organized into six sub-groups of variables: (1) context/demographic; (2) household factors; (3) maternal characteristics; (4) child characteristics; (5) breastfeeding practices; and (6) antenatal and delivery care. Logistic regression analyses were employed to examine factors associated with mothers' self-efficacy with breastfeeding. Results More than half of the women in this study had a low level of self-efficacy. One of the factors associated with low breastfeeding self-efficacy found in this study was problems encountered by mothers related to breastfeeding. Mothers who had problems with breastfeeding not related to illness (aOR=3.27, 95%CI: 2.45-4.36) or problems related to both illness and non-illness conditions (aOR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.37-9.33) had higher odds of low breastfeeding self-efficacy than those who did not have any problems. Compared to mothers who completed university education, there was a significantly higher odds of low breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers who completed primary school or lower (aOR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.16-3.05); completed junior high school (aOR=2.27; 95%CI: 1.42-3.63); and completed senior high school (aOR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.29-2.91). Other significant predictors of low breastfeeding self-efficacy were mothers not exposed to any breastfeeding interventions (aOR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.09-3.22); working outside the house (aOR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.23-2.32); not obtaining any advice on breastfeeding (aOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.08-1.82); with low knowledge of breastfeeding (aOR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.03-1.84); and delivered by Caesarean section (aOR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.05-1.70).Conclusions Multipronged breastfeeding education programs and support are required to improve women's self-efficacy with breastfeeding. Improved access to breastfeeding counsellors, active support for mothers following caesarean delivery, and increased supporting facilities at workplaces are essential to improve self-efficacy with breastfeeding.
"Drugs Are a Taboo”: A Qualitative Study on Young People's Perspective on The Role of Education and Harm Reduction Strategies Associated With The Use of Psychoactive Substances Before Adulthood
Authors: Silva Gabriela Almeida Pinto da , Pereira Catarina Pinto , Pinto Marta Sofia de Sousa
Published: November 2020

Background The use of psychoactive substances frequently starts at a younger age than adulthood. Having in mind the advantages of taking into consideration the youth perspective, this retrospective study tried to provide them with a role in identifying their own needs regarding drug use focused interventions, the obstacles in accessing both general health and harm reduction services; the changes needed for a more effective, congruent and empowering response to the use of psychoactive substances before the age of 18.Methods The study was divided into two parts. Both parts had a qualitative focus complemented with a quantitative dimension and were supported by a multi-method approach. The first part was comprised of a questionnaire sent online to all harm reduction teams and two focus groups with eight harm reduction professionals and six people who use(d) drugs. The second part used an online questionnaire applied to 143 participants aged between the age of 18 to 25 complemented by two semi-structured interviews.Results The need for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Activities in the drug education field, namely in the educational context; the lack of information about available services; the need for confidentiality were the most mentioned issues by the young people. Also, the informal network played a significant role in the participants relationship with psychoactive substances.Conclusions The lack of information was the most highlighted obstacle. Also, there is a confluence of various vulnerabilities such as being under 18, using drugs and the different social situations that they live in. To improve policy and practice regarding drug use among young people, harm reduction interventions must be scaled-up as well as intentionally driven to empower youth to deal with. School environment was chosen by participants as one of the elected environments to implement Harm Reduction services.
Dissecting gonadal cell lineage specification and sex determination during human development using a single-cell transcriptomics approach
Authors: Tang Fuchou , Wang Rui , Liu Xixi , Li Li , Yang Ming , Yong Jun , Fan Xiaoying , Hu Yuqiong , Zhai Fan , WEN Lu , Yan Liying , Qiao Jie
Published: November 2020

Gonadal somatic cells are the main players in gonad development and are important for sex determination and germ cell development. Here, using a time-series scRNA-seq strategy, we analyzed the fetal germ cells (FGCs) and gonadal somatic cells in human embryos and fetuses. Clustering analysis of testes and ovaries revealed several novel cell subsets, including POU5F1+SPARC+ FGCs and KRT19+ somatic cells. Furthermore, our data indicated that DLK1+ cells may be the progenitors of steroidogenic cell lineages in both sexes and that TAC1+ cells may be the progenitors of granulosa cells in females. Intriguingly, the testosterone synthesis function transitioned from fetal Sertoli cells to adult Leydig cells in a step-wise manner. Moreover, interactions between gonadal somatic cells were systematically explored and verified in our study. In detail, we observed that Sertoli cells interacted with Leydig cells through DHH-PTCH1 and PDGFA-PDGFRA/PDGFRB ligand-receptor gene pairs. More importantly, we identified cell type-specific developmental defects of both FGCs and gonadal somatic cells in a Turner syndrome embryo (45, XO). Our work provides a blueprint of the complex yet highly ordered development and interactions of human FGCs and gonadal microenvironment cells.
Integrated analysis of land-use, energy and water systems for ethanol production from sugarcane in Bolivia
Authors: Balderrama Jenny Gabriela Pena , Khatiwada Dilip , Gardumi Francesco , Alfstad Thomas , Jimenez Silvia Ulloa , Howells Mark
Published: November 2020

The use of biomass for renewable energy production is one alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of energy production worldwide. Sugarcane-based ethanol is one of the most widespread biofuels in the road transport sector and its development has been encouraged by strong incentives on production and use in several countries. The growing realization on the environmental impacts of ethanol production indicates the need to increase the efficient utilization of biomass resources by optimizing the production chain sustainably. This paper evaluates enhancements in the ethanol production chain quantitatively by identifying opportunities for agricultural intensification and investments in advanced biorefineries in a least-cost optimization model. Results of our model show that significant cost and environmental benefits can be achieved by modernizing sugarcane agriculture in Bolivia. Demands for ethanol and sugar can be met cost-effectively by increasing sugarcane yields from the current country-average of 55.34 ton/ha to 85.7 ton/ha in 2030 with a moderate cropland expansion of 11.4 thousand hectares in the period 2019-2030. Our results further suggest that it is cost-optimal to invest in efficient cogeneration in biorefineries to maximize the renewable energy output and the economic benefits of sugarcane ethanol. Finally, biofuel support in the range of 8-10 US$/GJ is required for investments in second-generation ethanol in biorefineries to be cost-competitive in the medium-term..
EFFECTS OF DIGITALIZING THE INDIAN ECONOMY DURING COVID-19
Authors:   ijar, Ahuja Mahhin
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus outbreak, which was first reported in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019 has been sending ripples across the globe and has amplified to the stature of an international health crisis. With lakhs of deaths and new cases being reported in a span of six months in varied countries, the virus has forced governments and administrations to take precautionary measures such as complete lockdown of the cities, and strict isolation for the reported cases. In this regard, my project seeks to study the devastating effect that this isolating and threatening lockdown has had on the Indian Economy, as well as the role of digital connectivity in supporting the economic base of India during the crisis. For this, I have studied the economic effects of digitalisation on the existing structures of Indian businesses, and have analyzed them in light of various factors that determine growth. The project is not just aimed at conducting a first-hand study of this rare crisis that the world is facing, but is also an innovative attempt to gauge the digital potential of Indian economy and present the data for the industries to revise and review their digital structures.
INVESTORS CONSIDERATIONS TOWARDS INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN STOCK MARKET
Authors:   Assistant Professor Deptt of Commerce., Singh Kuldeep , Narta S.S. ,   Professor Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla.
Published: November 2020

Investment decisions are made keeping in view the return and risk factors in mind. Every investment decision involves the effective use of funds for future growth of funds. An investors decision to make investment requires a careful analysis of prevailing condition and future prospects of market. Investment decision basically taken by investors depends upon the various factors. Normally investment decision is an attempt to plan properly, evaluate and allocate funds into various investment outlets that ensure investors safety and expected rate of return. Investors decision toward buying, selling and to keep/hold on particular security depend upon the various factors that affect the stock market. Present chapter deals with the factors that are taken into account while making investment in stock market.
A STUDY OF USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY AND MANGLED EXTREMITY SEVERITY SCORE AS PREDICTORS OF LIMB SALVAGE IN EXTREMITY VASCULAR TRAUMA
Authors:   ijar, J Arockia
Published: November 2020

Back Ground:Major loss of limb and life remains as an increasing importance as the occurances of arterial injuries are increasing . The prevention of such events and accurate identification of the limbs at risk, remains our serious concern. Introduction: There has been a longtime search for definitive score or test for evaluation of patients with vascular injuries. Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) has been proved as predictor of viable limbs and Computed tomography Angiography (CTA) as an essential tool in diagnosing arterial injury. We did this study in India , combining MESS and CTA for predicting outcomes of arterial injury of extremity trauma victims in our hospital . Methods: A prospective,observational study of limb injuries between 2016 and 2018 in trauma unit was performed.We examined the clinical signs, operative findings using Mangled Extremity Severity Score and Computed tomography Angiography at presentation and compared with resultant limb salvage outcome. Results:Out of 100 people , 70 people fulfilled the inclusion criteria . Our study resulted an accuracy of 94.3% indicating perfect predictive ability of limb salvage by using the MESS score. CT angiography as the predictable variable and limb salvage as outcome variable showed an accuracy of prediction was 92.9% and excellent predictable accuracy of 97.1% when combining MESS with CTA. Conclusions:Combining clinical assessment using MESS and CTA improves the diagnostic accuracy of vascular injury and the need for immediate intervention for limb salvage procedures, and prevents amputation by delay.
ATTITUDE OF PUPIL -TEACHERS TOWARDS INTERNSHIP AS A PART OF B.ED. CURRICULUM
Authors:   Principal, Shri M. K. Mehta College of Education Umargam Dist- valsad,Gujarat, India., R. Patel Ritesh
Published: November 2020

Teacher training programmes are set up to help prospective teachers navigate the world of student teaching, state standards, exams and teacher interviews. A pupil teacher is a college, university or graduate student who is teaching under the supervision of a certified teacher in order to qualify for a degree in education. Internship is an integral part of his professional preparation. Internship in teaching includes practice – teaching and wide variety of field experience under the guidance of a competent or expert supervisor. The internship is very essential for todays teacher because it gives proper training to the pupil-teacher for better understanding of all the students. It builds confidence among the pupil-teachers. The present study aimed at finding out the significant difference of gender, stream and qualification in the attitude of pupil teachers towards internship. For this purpose the investigator used Attitude Scale prepared by the investigator himself. The data was collected from 80 pupil teachers from District Valsad . In order to analyze the data the investigator used three-way ANOVA. The main findings of the study were, there exist significant difference in the attitude of male and female pupil teachers towards internship. There existed significant triple interactional difference of gender, stream and academic qualification in the attitude of pupil teacher towards internship. There found no significant difference of stream, qualification, gender and stream, gender and qualification and stream and qualification in the attitude of pupil teacher towards internship as a part of B.Ed. curriculum. The findings of the study have significant implications to the teachers, supervisors, principals and policy makers who directly or indirectly involved in the system.
BLINDNESS OF TUMOR ORIGIN, WHAT ETIOLOGY SHOULD WE MENTION!
Authors:   MD Resident in Radiology. National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Rabat Morocco., Neftah Camelia , Tessi T. Rome Yehouenou ,   MD Resident in Radiology. National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Rabat Morocco., El Bakkari Asaad ,   MD Resident in Radiology. National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Rabat Morocco., Toufga Zakaria ,   MD Resident in Radiology. National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Rabat Morocco., Latib Rachida ,   MD Professor in Radiology. National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Rabat Morocco., Omor Youssef ,   MD Professor in Radiology. National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Rabat Morocco.
Published: November 2020

Ocular metastasis is rare. They represent 4 to 8% of secondary localization, essentially choroidal (88%), the pulmonary origin came in second line after breast as primary carcinoma, the prevalence of pulmonary ocular metastasis is estimated at 7.1% [1]Ocular metastasis is usually asymptomatic. Sometimes they cause a loss of visual acuity, metamorphopsia, phosphenes or eye pain, complete unilateral blindness, secondary to a metastatic localization on the macula. A total detachment of the retina is rarely reported.Ocular metastasis diagnosis is based on multiples modality, the ocular examination coupled to angiography, ocular sonography and MRI are the key diagnosis. Ultrasonography determines tumor allows differentiation of metastases from other intraocular neoplasms, particularly melanomas. They appear as a high echoic mass rarely cavitary variant has been describe 0.5% of choroidal metastasis present with a mushroom of collar-button aspect and the thickness is related to the origin in melanoma metastasis the measuring is 1 mm, breast 2 mm, lung and prostate 3 mm, and gastrointestinal and kidney measuring 4 mm. MRI often shows a well-demarcated choroidal mass that appears isointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images enhanced after gadolinium injection.[2]The differential diagnosis of ocular metastasis includes choroidal melanoma, hemangioma, granuloma, osteoma and sclerochoroidal calcification [2]Treatment is usually based on radiochemotherapy of the primary cancer. Treatment of symptomatic choroidal metastases should be conservative as long as possible to preserve quality of life in the short term. Hormonal therapy can be effective on hormone-sensitive cancers like breast and prostate.
FISTULE CAROTIDO-CAVERNEUSE GEANTE POST-TRAUMATIQUEGIANT TRAUMATIC CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA
Authors:   Service dOphtalmologie A, Hopital des Specialites de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V., Ikhloufi M. El. , Boutimzine N. ,   Service dOphtalmologie A, Hopital des Specialites de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V., Cheikh E. ,   Service de Radiologie interventionnelle, Hopital des Specialites de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V., Hassani M. El ,   Service de Radiologie interventionnelle, Hopital des Specialites de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V., Cherkaoui O. ,   Service de Radiologie interventionnelle, Hopital des Specialites de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V.
Published: November 2020

Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal arteriovenous communications between the carotid system and the cavernous sinus [1]. They are rare but potentially serious, which can engage the functional and vital prognosis. We report the case of a young patient who presented a giant carotid-cavernous fistula following a road accident with a cranial impact point.
PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE DIABETIC FROZEN SHOULDER
Authors:   ijar, Kumar Niraj
Published: November 2020

The term frozen shoulder was first introduced by Codman in 1934. He described a painful shoulder condition of insidious onset that was associated with stiffness and difficulty sleeping on the affected side. Codman also identified the marked reduction in forward elevation and external rotation that are the hallmarks of the disease. Long before Codman, in 1872, the same condition had already been labelled periarthritis by Duplay. In 1945, Naviesar coined the term adhesive capsulitis. [2] The pathophysiology of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is poorly understood. Most authors have reported various degrees of inflammatory changes in the synovial membrane. Adhesions between the shoulder capsule and the humeral head have been noted by some, but not all, authors. [4] The aetiology of periarthritis of the shoulder, however, is not clearly understood. Amongst the factors suggested are trauma myocardial infarction hemiplegia, pulmonary tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis, cerebral tumour, and epilepsy. [7] Subjects with Frozen Shoulder Syndrome group A treated with ERM and MWM and group B treated with MRM. The duration of each treatment was 3 weeks. There was an improvement in mobility and functional ability at 12 weeks in subjects treated with the 3 mobilization techniques. Comparing the effectiveness of the 3 treatment strategies in subjects with unilateral Frozen Shoulder Syndrome, ERM and MWM were more effective than MRM in increasing mobility and functional ability. [22].
Information Communication and Technology (ICT) Adoption in Asian Countries: An Empirical Evidence of Economic and Socio-Cultural Factors
Authors: Apriyantopo Wahyu , Aprianingsih Atik
Published: November 2020

The research dealt with factors affected the different Information Communication and Technology (ICT) adoption rate among Asian countries. The primary purpose was to examine the impact of national wealth and culture on the behavioral adoption of ICT empirically among selected countries in Asia. Data were collected from the World Bank, World Economic Forum, and Hofstede’s cultural dimension index. Statistical correlation and multiple regression were utilized to analyze the dataset, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a proxy for national wealth and Hofstede’s cultural dimension as a proxy for culture. The result shows a significant relationship between GDP per capita and uncertainty avoidance on the national ICT adoption index. This finding contributes to improving the acknowledgment of the GDP and national culture as the antecedent of ICT adoption in the global field. Practically, the research updates the previous similar ones and proposes further empirical research to extend the scope of analysis.
Visualisation of the combinatorial effects within evolutionary algorithms: the compass plot
Authors: Wang Qi , Guan Miaoting , Huang Wen , Wang Libing , Wang Zhihong , Liu Shuming , Savić Dragan
Published: November 2020

Applications of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to real-world problems are usually hindered due to parameterisation issues and computational efficiency. This paper shows how the combinatorial effects related to the parameterisation issues of EAs can be visualised and extracted by the so-called compass plot. This new plot is inspired by the traditional Chinese compass used for navigation and geomantic detection. We demonstrate the value of the proposed compass plot in two scenarios with application to the optimal design of the Hanoi water distribution system. One is to identify the dominant parameters in the well-known NSGA-II. The other is to seek the efficient combinations of search operators embedded in Borg, which uses an ensemble of search operators by auto-adapting their use at runtime to fit an optimisation problem. As such, the implicit and vital interdependency among parameters and search operators can be intuitively demonstrated and identified. In particular, the compass plot revealed some counter-intuitive relationships among the algorithm parameters that led to a considerable change in performance. The information extracted, in turn, facilitates a deeper understanding of EAs and better practices for real-world cases, which eventually leads to more cost-effective decision-making.
The PentaFOLD 3.0 Algorithm for the Selection of Stable Elements of Secondary Structure to be Included in Vaccine Peptides
Authors: Khrustalev Vladislav V.
Published: November 2020

Aims:

The aim of this study was to create a new version of the PentaFOLD algorithm and to test its performance
experimentally in several proteins and peptides.

Background:

Synthetic vaccines can cause production of neutralizing antibodies only in case if short peptides form the
same secondary structure as fragments of full-length proteins. The PentaFOLD 3.0 algorithm was designed to check stability
of alpha helices, beta strands, and random coils using several propensity scales obtained during analysis of 1730 3D structures of proteins.

Objective:

The algorithm has been tested in the three peptides known to keep the secondary structure of the corresponding
fragments of full-length proteins: the NY25 peptide from the Influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin, the SF23 peptide from the
diphtheria toxin, the NQ21 peptide from the HIV1 gp120; as well as in the CC36 peptide from the human major prion
protein.

Method:

Affine chromatography for antibodies against peptides accompanied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to check the predictions of the algorithm.

Result:

Immunological experiments showed that all abovementioned peptides are more or less immunogenic in rabbits. The
fact that antibodies against the NY25, the SF23, and the NQ21 form stable complexes with corresponding full-length proteins has been confirmed by affine chromatography. The surface of SARS CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain interacting
with hACE2 has been shown to be unstable according to the results of the PentaFOLD 3.0.

Conclusion:

The PentaFOLD 3.0 algorithm (http://chemres.bsmu.by/PentaFOLD30.htm) can be used with the aim to design
vaccine peptides with stable secondary structure elements.
EnzyPha, an Engineered Helper Phage Developed to Overcome Most of the Limitations Regarding Filamentous Phage Titration and ELISA Tests
Authors: Mohammadi Mozafar , Fouladvand Faezeh , Bemani Peyman , Amini Razieh , Jalilian Farid Azizi
Published: November 2020

Background:

Phage display method is a technology which enables expression of exogenous polypeptides on the
surface of bacteriophage particles. Phage titration and ELISA are applied for measuring helper phage particles or polypeptide bearing phages and also evaluation of the interaction between polypeptide bearing phages and coated antigens, respectively. Although, several procedures have been introduced to perform phage titration and ELISA but they faced to some limitations such as being time consuming and expensive and also low reproducibility.

Objective:

We developed a new system called EnzyPha by engineering the M13KO7 expressing Secreted Acid Phosphatase
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (SapM enzyme) on its pIX protein for applying in colorimetric phage titration and ELISA
methods.

Methods:

For this purpose, to evaluate the idea, colorimetric phage titration and ELISA were performed and compared to
the traditional methods.

Results:

SapM enzyme was expressed on pIX protein of M13KO7 properly. The colorimetric phage titration and phage
ELISA showed better and comparable results against the traditional approaches.

Conclusion:

The results showed that the proposed model would titrate phages more sensitive than plating titration method
through a shorter timeframe. Moreover, it could be a better alternative to the routine phage ELISA due to time saving, cost
effective and higher sensitivity.
The Molecular Diversity of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Mohajer Fatemeh , Mali Suraj N.
Published: November 2020

Background:

1,8-diaminonaphthalen (1,8-DAN) with special organic structure was
applied in organic synthesis to provide efficient complex scaffolds, through the two or fourcomponent
fashion. This review highlights its recent application in organic reactions under
different conditions and heterogynous catalysts to produce various molecules, which were used as
medicines, sensors, and dyes.

Objective:

1,8-diaminonaphthalene (1,8-DAN) is a bicyclic compound with two amino groups
which has received much attention in organic chemistry due to their medicinal activities such as
antifungal, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antitumor, oxidation dyestuff, hair color, fluorescent, and
chemo-sensors. In continuation of our studies, herin, recent application of 1,8-DAN in organic
synthesis was reviewed.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the application of 1,8-DAN 1 in different reactions was reviewd
through the various conditions to yield the target compounds with high medicinal activities, and
potential for sensitive detection of different ions. The target compounds including 1,8-DAN 1 with
various structures were provided such as perimidines, perimidinones, aminonaphthalenes which
were produced through different methods as brought for further study in this review.
Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Combination Treatment of Paclitaxel, Bufalin and Cinobufagin for Hepatoma Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Shu Chenyan , Yi Xiaojiao , Zhu Junfeng , Lian Xiaoyuan , Wu Yongjiang
Published: November 2020

Background:

Hepatoma is a common malignancy in the world with high morbidity and
mortality. The treatment of hepatoma is limited by its poor response to many chemotherapeutic
agents. Although paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in clinical chemotherapy, the low sensitivity to
hepatoma restricts its application. Combination therapy is a promising approach to resolve this
dilemma.

Objective:

To evaluate the interaction between paclitaxel, bufalin (BFL) and cinobufagin (CBF), and explore the optimum
combination efficiently.

Methods:

HepG2 cells were treated with PTX, BFL and CBF individually or in combination. Their
interactions were evaluated by two classical models (Chou-Talalay model and Bliss independence).
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to explore the optimum combination.
Furthermore, the optimum drug combination was verified by the morphological experiment.

Results:

Synergistic effects were observed when cells were exposed to binary mixtures of
PTX+CBF and BFL+CBF. Although the interaction of PTX and BFL was summative, a strong
synergistic effect was observed when cells were exposed to ternary mixtures of PTX+BFL+CBF.
The interaction results of RSM were consistent with classical models, but more efficient.
Moreover, the optimum combination dose was given by RSM without the combinatorial explosion
of exhaustive testing.

Conclusion:

The combination of BFL and CBF synergistically enhanced the potency of PTX
against HepG2 cells. RSM could give an accurate evaluation for drug interactions and efficient
prediction of optimum combination.
Natural Bioactive Compounds as Emerging Therapeutic Molecules Against Breast Cancer: Emphasis on the Role of Phytoestrogens
Authors: Malayil Anisha S. , Poothaadammal Asifa K. , Narayanankutty Arunaksharan
Published: November 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is the leading form of cancer in women, which is also hormone-
dependent. Depending on the receptor expression, these cancers are subdivided into different
forms, and among these receptors, estrogen, progesterone, and Her2 are the important ones. Targeting
breast cancer (BC) has been difficult due to their varied nature; however, various phytocompounds,
especially those having estrogen-like properties, have proven to be effective.

Objective:

The present review is aimed to provide a detailed description of various Phytocompounds
inhibiting breast cancer proliferation and progression; emphasis has been given to the role
of phytoestrogens with their molecular mechanism of action.

Methods:

The data were collected from reputed databases, such as PubMed/Medline, Web of Science,
Science Direct, Eurekaselect, etc. Data on the phytoestrogens were collected using individual
names and “phytoestrogens” as keywords. Articles published in journals, which are not indexed by
Thomson Reuters (SCI/SCIE/ESCI), were omitted.

Results:

Natural products are important drug candidates against multiple forms of breast cancer. In
addition to the initiation and proliferation events, these molecules inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal
transition (EMT) and metastasis of BC. Phytoestrogens are an important class of compounds
which have known estrogenic potential; studies have also indicated the anticancer potentials of these
molecules in cell culture and animal models of BC.

Conclusion:

Natural plant compounds, especially phytoestrogens, are promising anti-breast cancer
agents that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy-mediated cell death. However, more
clinical studies are necessary so that these molecules can be used as commercial drug molecules.
Flufenamic Acid-Promoted the Coupling of Epoxides and CO2 to Form Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Wu Ling , Zeng Qingpeng , Hu Pinghua , Zong Taoqi , Wu Fengtian
Published: November 2020

The process of hydrogen bond donor accelerating the cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 is a
green conversion. In this text, commercial drug flufenamic acid which contains O-H and N-H groups is
introduced to promote the coupling. The reaction is capable of tolerating a relatively wide range of
groups with the aid of catalytic system flufenamic acid/TBAB. Moreover, the reaction mechanism is
proposed on the basis of reported literatures.
Stachydrine Inhibits PC12 Cell Apoptosis Induced by Aβ25-35 in an in vitro Cell Model of Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Fu Huan , Liu Mei , Yan Jinxiu , Zhao Na , Qu Liangchao
Published: November 2020

Background:

Abnormal deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) is considered the primary
cause of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Inhibiting cytotoxicity is an important aspect of the
treatment of NCDs. Stachydrine (STA) has been widely used for gynecological and cardiovascular
disorders. However, whether STA has protective functions in PC12 cells treated with Aβ25-35 remains
unclear.

Introduction:

Traditional Chinese Medicine, stachydrine (STA), is a water-soluble alkaloid of
Leonurus heterophyllus, which can inhibit cell apoptosis, suppress tumor growth, maintain homeostasis
of myocardial cells, and alleviate endothelial dysfunction. This study will investigate the effect
of STA on inhibiting PC12 cell apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 in an in vitro cell model of neurocognitive
disorders.

Methods:

The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cells treated with STA were analyzed according
to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE) 85871 data, and the STITCH database was used to
identify the target genes of STA. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 and/or STA, 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow
cytometry, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western
blotting were used to detect the expression of genes or proteins.

Results:

GSE85871 data showed 37 upregulated and 48 downregulated genes among the DEGs
affected by STA. The results from the STITCH database showed that RPS8 and EED were target
genes of STA. GSE1297 analysis showed the 13 most significantly upregulated genes. STA might
affect the occurrence of NCDs through the interaction of TP53 with EED and RPS8. Finally, Aβ25-35
promoted apoptosis and LDH release of PC-12 cells, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and
inhibited the expression of the RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and P53 genes. STA could reverse the effect of
Aβ25-35.

Conclusion:

STA may play an important role in inhibiting apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 by targeting
the RPS8 and EED genes in the NCDs model in vitro.
Detection of Biothiols Using Some Novel Chemosensors: An Overview
Authors: Raut Jiko , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: November 2020

Thiol-containing amino acids and peptides play crucial roles in many physiological processes.
For example, Cysteine (Cys) and Homocysteine (Hcy) are considered to be related to a number
of health disorders, such as renal failure, AIDS, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, atherosclerotic
cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects, and coronary heart disease. Glutathione (GSH), an
important tripeptide with a thiol group, performs vital biological functions that are involved in combating
oxidative stress and maintaining redox homeostasis. Cysteine also plays important roles in our
bodies as an antioxidant, a metal cofactor binder in enzymes, and a protein structure stabilizer by disulfide
bond formation in the proteins. Hcy is involved in cellular growth and GSH in redox homeostasis.
Hence, the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of such biothiols is of considerable importance
and significant interest. Different fluorescent chemosensors have been introduced to develop
and improve the detection techniques and accuracy of these biothiols. In this review article, we have
presented some research works to show a guiding principle for the design of effective chemosensors
that are highly sensitive and selective for the detection of a particular group of biothiols in an aqueous
medium. In line with these developments, the researchers have developed novel chemosensors that
signal the binding events of these above-mentioned biothiols through their optical properties. The
binding mechanism and properties have also been established with different theoretical studies. Their
applications in the form of colorimetric kits, logic gates, live-cell imaging, and quantification from
different biological samples have also been developed.
Initial Remedial Action to Coronavirus in India: A Study
Authors: Pooja  , Veer Karan
Published: November 2020

The whole world is suffering from a pandemic known as SARS-CoV-2. In India also,
few states are at the border of the community transmission stage of the virus. It is an alarming condition,
so new scientific techniques can play a crucial role in eroding the global problem. This report
focuses on how India, a developing country, is trying to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease
and how artificial intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in controlling and monitoring the
condition. The study also focuses on the challenges faced by a developing country such as India.
Abdominal Organ Enhancement in Dynamic MRI using 1 M Gadobutrol vs 0.5 M Meglumine Gadoterate in Liver of Hemangioma Patients
Authors: Saito Kazuhiro , Araki Yoichi , Kokubo Reiji , Kurata Chishio , Wakabayashi Yukari , Suzuki Kunihito
Published: November 2020

Background:

The utility of gadobutrol (GAD) which is higher r1 value contrast media
for evaluating abdominal solid organ have not been fully evaluated.

Objectives::

To compare the contrast enhancement of abdominal organs on dynamic MRI using 0.1
mmol/kg 1.0 M GAD or 0.5 M meglumine gadoterate (MG) in patients with a liver hemangioma.

Methods:

A phantom study was performed at different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9,
1.0, 5.0 and 10 mmol/L) of GAD and MG. Sixty-two patients with a liver hemangioma were enrolled.
Contrast media was injected at a rate of 2 mL/s followed by 40 mL of saline. Two arterial
phases, a portal phase and an equilibrium phase were obtained. One certified radiologist set regions
of interest on the abdominal aorta, liver, pancreas, spleen and the liver hemangioma. The relative
enhancement ratio (RER) was calculated.

Results::

In the phantom study the signal intensity of both contrast media was similar at lower concentrations.
However, the signal intensity of MG was higher at concentrations of more than 5.0
mmol/L. In the clinical study the RER of the abdominal viscera during the portal and equilibrium
phases was higher with GAD. The hemangioma had a higher equilibrium phase enhancement with
GAD. The aortic RER was equivalent during all phases and the liver RER during the 2nd arterial
phase was higher with GAD. The arterial phase during GAD imaging might have been measured
later than was optimal.

Conclusions::

When the same injection protocol was used for an abdominal dynamic MRI, arterial
phase imaging was late when GAD was used. The higher T1 relaxation value was significantly
higher in the abdominal viscera during the portal and equilibrium phases, while the liver hemangioma
also had significantly higher contrast enhancement during the equilibrium phase. Clinical trial
registration number: 3186.
Application of Bernstein Polynomial Multiwavelets for Solving Non Linear Variational Problems with Moving and Fixed Boundaries
Authors: Dixit Sandeep , Pandey Shweta , Verma Sag Ram
Published: November 2020

Background:

In this article, an efficient direct method has been proposed in order to
solve physically significant variational problems. The proposed technique finds its basis in Bernstein
polynomials multiwavelets (BPMWs). The mechanism of the proposed method is to transform
the variational problem into an algebraic equation system through the use of BPMWs.

Objective:

Since the necessary condition of extremization consists of a differential equation that
cannot be easily integrated into complex cases, an approximated numerical solution becomes a necessity.
Our primary objective was to establish a wavelet-based method for solving variational problems
of physical interest. Besides being computationally more effective, the proposed approach
yields relatively more accurate results than other comparable methods. The approach employs fewer
basis elements, which in turn increase the simplicity, decrease the calculation time, and furnishes
better results.

Methods:

An operational matrix of integration, which is based on the BPMWs, is presented. We
substituted the approximated values of x , unknown function ξ (x) and their derivative functions
( ), ( ),..... ( ) ξ ′ x ξ ′′ x ξ n x with BPMWs operational matrix of integration and BPMWs. On substituting
the respective values in the given variational problem, it gets converted into a system of algebraic
equations. The obtained system is further solved using the Lagrange multiplier.

Results:

The results obtained yield a greater degree of convergence as compared to other existing
numerical methods. Numerical illustrations based on physical variational problems and the comparisons
of outcomes with exact solutions demonstrate that the proposed method yields better efficiency,
applicability, and accuracy.

Conclusion:

The proposed method gives better results than other comparable methods, even with
the use of a fewer number of basis elements. The large order of matrices, such as 32, 64, and 512,
obtained by using other available methods is far too high to achieve accuracy in results in comparison
to the ones we obtained by using matrices of relatively lower orders, such as 7, 8 and 13, in the
proposed method. This method can also be used for extremization functional occurring in electrical
circuits and mechanical physical problems.