bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Selenium and Zinc Against Dehp Induced Toxicity in the Thyroid Gland of Rats
Authors: Hussain Nabiha , Ali Shabana , Bano Maleeha , Khursheed Tooba , Beenish Huma , Bano Syeda Sara
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Selenium and Zinc in improving histological features on DEHP-induced toxicity in the thyroid gland of rats.

Design of study: Laboratory based experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department of Islamic International Medical College with the National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad Pakistan cooperation from Sep 2019 to Sep 2020.

Methodology: Forty, eight weeks old rats were divided into four groups, each containing ten male rats. In control, Group-A rats were on the standard diet. In Group-B, rats were given orally 500mg/kg/day DEHP. In Group-C rats were given 500mg/kg/day DEHP and 1mg/kg/day Selenium orally. In Group-D rats were given 500mg/kg/day DEHP and 5mg/kg/day Zinc orally. After 28 days, rats were dissected, and the thyroid gland was removed. Histological parameters, vacuolization and number of follicular cells were observed with H and E stining among control and experimental groups.

Results: In Group-B, 50% of rats showed severe vacuolization. In Group-C, 60% of rats showed minimal vacuolization. In Group- D, 40% of rats showed minimally, and 40% of rats showed mild vacuolization. Among quantitative parameters, the number of follicular cells was conserved more by Selenium than Zinc.

Conclusion: Selenium and Zinc have a protective effect on thyroid histological changes caused by DEHP, but Selenium shows better conservation than zinc on thyroid histology.
Comparison of Corneal Endothelium in Patients with Uveitis and Healthy Subjects Using Specular Microscopy
Authors: Ghazanfar Qurat ul Ain , Zafar Omar , Ahmed Noman Nazir , Awan Muhammad Manzoor
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate changes in corneal endothelium in patients with anterior uveitis by using specular microscopy and compare it with the corneal endothelium of healthy subjects.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2018 to Jun 2019.

Methodology: This study included 65 eyes of 65 patients with anterior uveitis and 65 eyes of healthy subjects. Corneal endothelium was assessed in all participants of both Groups by using Specular microscopy. Corneal endothelial markers like central corneal thickness (CCT), cell density (CD), cell minimum area, cell maximum area, the average of cell size, percent of hexagonality (HEX%), coefficient of variation (CV) were compared in both Groups. The Uveitis Group was further subdivided into active and inactive Uveitis Subgroups, and corneal endothelium markers were also compared in these Subgroups.

Results: The mean endothelial cell density was 2626.0±413.0 cells/mm² in patients with uveitis, whereas cell density was 2766.0±327.0 cells/mm² in healthy subjects. The difference in endothelial cell density was statistically significant between the Groups (p=0.03). The difference between central corneal thickness, maximum cell area, average cell size and hexagonality values between Groups was also statistically significant, whereas there was no difference in terms of cell minimum area between these Groups. There was no statistically significant difference between inactive and active uveitis when corneal endothelial markers were compared between them (p>0.05).

Conclusion: There was an effect of uveitis on central corneal thickness, endothelial cell density, cell size, and morphology compared to healthy subjects,......
Perception Medical Faculty Regarding Students' Classroom Incivilities and Coping Strategie
Authors: Rafique Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To explore perception of medical faculty regarding students' classroom incivilities and coping strategies. 

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and study duration: Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan from January to April 2020. 

Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect responses from the faculty. The study was carried out on 125 participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: Of 125 faculties 67(53.6%) were males. Junior faculty members were 80(64.0%). Irritating remarks (89.0%), cellphone use and cheating in the exam (87.0%) were the most common incivilities and reluctance to answer questions (40.0%) was the least common. Being friendly/respectful to students, passionate, establishing clear rules, starting class on time, using eye contact and variable students' engaging activities, encouraging students to self-evaluate their behaviour and welcoming their suggestions were supported by >90% of the faculty. However, humiliating remarks to correct the students' incivility was unanimously rejected. In comparison, the use of cell phones, irritating remarks, whispering, talking out of turn, arriving late in class, cheating in exams and leaving the cell phone bell "on" equally bother most junior and senior faculty. Overall, the female junior teachers from basic subjects with experience <10 years were significantly (p <0.05) more sensitive to incivilities.

Conclusion: The most common incivilities were irritating remarks/gestures, cell phone use and cheating in examination. Teaching with passion/enthusiasm was the most favourite coping strategy. However, humiliating remarks to correct the incivility was strongly rejected. Junior, female, less experienced demonstrators from basic disciplines were more vulnerable to rude behaviour.
Role of Salbutamol in The Management of Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Comparative Prospective Study
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Tahir Ali Mujtaba , Subhani Fahim Ahmed , Ahmed Zeeshan , Sohail Amina , Javed Hafsa
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the outcome of Salbutamol nebulization with normal saline (placebo) in transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Study Design: Comparative prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Mar 2018.

Methodology: Sixty term neonates with respiratory rate >60 breaths/min and transient tachypnea of newborn score of ≥4 were enrolled. They were randomly allocated to two equal groups. Group-1 received Salbutamol nebulization (0.15 mg/kg) while Group-2 received normal Saline (placebo) nebulization.

Results: The mean gestational age was 38.31±1.28 weeks, while the average birth weight was 2.97±0.27 kg. The mean change in transient tachypnea of newborn score with Salbutamol nebulization was 5.63±1.22, while 0.63±1.54 with normal Saline nebulization. Likewise, the mean change in respiratory rate with Salbutamol was 9.80±2.05, while -3.73±2.57 with normal saline.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated nebulized Salbutamol as an effective tool in reversing transient tachypnea of newborns with decreasing respiratory rate compared to normal saline nebulization (placebo).
Correlation Between Ultrasonographically Estimated Fetal Weight and Actual Birth Weight in Females Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rehman Asif , Ihsan Hussain Rashid , Khan Usman Ali , Sharif Sana , Anwar Rabiah
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the correlation between ultrasono-graphically estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight in females presenting in a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology Peripheral Nervous System, PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2019.

Methodology: Fifty pregnant females were enrolled after meeting the inclusion criteria. A consultant radiologist calculated fetal weight by measuring biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC) with the help of an ultrasound (USG) machine having a Hadlock 3 weight estimation algorithm. A paediatrician noted actual birth weight with a weighing scale after delivery.

Results: The mean fetal weight on ultrasound was 2.52±0.34kg. The mean actual birth weight of the babies was 2.66±0.42 kg. A strong positive correlation (r=0.575, p<0.05) was found between ultrasonographic fetal weight estimation and actual birth weight.

Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an accurate, safe, cost-effective and easy available imaging modality for fetal weight  estimation.
Intense Pulse Light (IPL) Versus Diode Laser in the Removal of Unwanted Facial Hair
Authors: Obaid Shanza , Iftikhar Nadia , Zainab Zarnab , Akhtar Ayesha , Aftab Kanza , Mumtaz Maimoona
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacies of intense pulse light (IPL) versus diode laser in the removal of unwanted facial hair among female patients.

Study Design: Case series.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Mar 2020.

Methodology: A total of 38 female patients with hirsutism diagnosed by a consultant dermatologist were included in this study. Intense pulse light therapy was applied on one half of the face while diode laser was used on the other half of the face for three sessions one month apart. A consultant dermatologist assessed the reduction in hair count on both sides of the face after the last session. Any adverse effects experienced by the patients were also recorded.

Results: Out of 38 patients with 76 responses (both sides of the face) were included in the study. 14(17.9%) patients had less than 25% hair reduction, 24(30.7%) had 25-50% reduction, 27(34.6%) had 50-75% and 11(14.1%) had more than 75% reduction of the unwanted hair. Transient erythema 9(11.5%) and moderate pain 9(11.5%) were the common side effects experienced by the patients overall on both sides. Results of the chi-square test revealed that hair reduction, adverse effects and patient satisfaction were not statistically significant in both the groups (p-value>0.05).

Conclusion: This comparative study revealed that intense pulse light and diode laser treatment have been equally efficacious and tolerable in managing unwanted hair among females suffering from hirsutism.
Association of Academic Performance with Body Mass Index and Gender Among Physical Therapy Students
Authors: Arslan Hafiz Rana Muhmmad , Muneer Sidra , Rehaman Faizan Ur , Ahmed Shahbaz
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the association of academic performance with body mass index and gender among undergraduate physical therapy students.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: University of South Asia, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2019.

Methodology: Three hundred and twenty-one students (either gender) were selected through consecutive sampling technique. Body mass index scale and cumulative grade point average was used to collect data.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 19.65±1.369 years, mean body mass index was 22.7±4.7 kg/m2, and mean cumulative grade point average was 3.0518±0.78. Overweight participants were 51(15.8%), and obese were 16(5.0%). A significant association of academic performance (cumulative grade point average) with body mass index and gender (p-value was <0.001). Females have good grades than males, with 16 males and 49 females with Grade-A, and 15 males and one female with Grade-D+.

Conclusion: There was a significant association between academic performance (cumulative grade point average) with body mass index and gender. Female students had good grades than male students. High body mass index affects the academic performance of students.
Getting Negative for COVID-19: Role of Ethnicity and Demographic Factors
Authors: Athar Muhammad Hammad , Zubair Usama Bin , Shoaib Muhammad Shahbaz , Zubair Hamza Bin , Yasir Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Zia Nadeem
Published: December 2022

Objective: To explore the relationship between ethnicity and demographic factors with the time taken by patients to get negative on PCR for COVID-19.

Study Design: Prospective Comparative Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Malir Pakistan, from Mar to May 2020.

Methodology: All patients who tested positive for COVID-19 with less than one week of exposure time and were admitted to the COVID-19 ward of Combined Military Hospital, Malir without any complications were included in the study. They were tested after every seven days with PCR. Time taken to get two consecutive negative tests were noted for each patient.

Results: Out of 84 patients included in the study, 12(14.3%) tested negative on the 7th day, 34(40.4%) on the 14th day and 38(45.3%) tested negative after 14 days. 17(20.2%) were Sindhi, 13(15.5%) were Muhajir, 19(22.6%) were Punjabi, 25(29.7%) were Pathan, and 10(11.9%) were Kashmiris. Chi-square revealed that ethnicity and advancing age have a statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.05) with the time taken by patients to get negative on PCR for COVID-19.

Conclusion: Ethnicity emerged as a significant factor in getting negative for COVID-19. Punjabis and Kashmiris required a shorter period to get negative than Sindhis and Pathans. Older age emerged as a factor requiring a longer period to get negative.
Comparison of Serum Copper, Zinc, Lead, Aluminium and Iron Levels in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease with Healthy Controls in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Asad Tahir , Aamir Muhammad , Haroon Zujaja Hina , Munir Muhammad Usman , Kirmani Sobia Irum , Awan Afshan
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare serum Copper, Zinc, Lead, Aluminium and Iron levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease with healthy subjects and the association of these trace elements.

Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2019 to Jul 2020.

Methodology: Out of the total of 129 study participants, 83 were Parkinson’s disease patients, and 46 were healthy subjects. Serum Iron level was measured on random access fully automated chemistry analyser advia 1800. In addition, Copper, Zinc, Lead and Aluminium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. These levels were compared between patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: Out of the total 129 subjects, males accounted for 51(61.4%) and females were 32(38.6%) in the diseased Group, while in healthy subjects, males accounted for 22(47.8%) and females for 24(52.2%). Levels of Copper, Zinc and Iron were signifi-cantly decreased in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy subjects (p<0.001). However, serum concentrations of Aluminium and Lead showed an increasing trend in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to age-matched healthy subjects (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Decreased levels of serum copper, iron and Zinc were seen in patients with Parkinson’s disease, while aluminium and lead levels were raised, showing the potential neurotoxic role of these elements.
Disposal of Radioactive Waste Generated at the End of 18F- Fluorodeoxyglucose Production for Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET-CT) Scan at Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi
Authors: Bilal Rizwan , Mehdi Syed Ali , Slehria Atiq ur Rehman , Ullah Hidayat , Amin Zafar , Jamal Ali
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find out the optimal timeline for the safe disposal of radioactive wastes generated at the end of normal and anomalous productions of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose for positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug to Dec 2020.

Methodology: Wastes generated at the end of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose production were tested for residual radioactivity at 2, 12 and 24 hours after synthesis to ascertain the optimal timeline for discarding. The radiation dose at 5 cm from the surface of the container was also assessed.

Results: Fifty productions were included in the study, of which 46(92%) were normal, and 4(8%) were anomalous productions. The mean activity at 2 and 24 hours after the end of synthesis was 4.102±0.831mCi and 0.0047±0.00116mCi, respectively, in normal productions and 45.125±2.332mCi and 0.005±0.00026mCi respectively in anomalous productions. The mean radiation dose at 5cm from the surface of the container at 2 and 24 hours after the end of synthesis was 8.2107±1.665mSv/h and 0.00000966±0.00000212mSv/h in normal productions and 90.32±4.66mSv/h and 0.00975±0.0005-mSv/h respectively in anomalous productions.

Conclusion: The residual radioactivity in wastes was negligible 24 hours after the end of synthesis in both normal and anomalous productions. Radioactive wastes from 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose production should, therefore, be conserved for at least 24 hours before their disposal to the environment.
Assessment of Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies in Patients Diagnosed With Guillain Barre Syndrome
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Gilani Atifa , Alamgir Waseem , Nawaz Khurram Haq , Ullah Hikmat , Kazmi Sakhawat
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the frequency of patients positive for the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and factors related to it among the patients diagnosed with Guillian Barre Syndrome (GBS) at our hospital.

Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: Patients were included in the study once detailed assessment and investigations have been carried out by the consultant neurologist and he has declared the patient suffering from Guillian Barre Syndrome. Anti-ganglioside antibodies were performed on all the patients diagnosed with Guillian Barre Syndrome from the immunology department of the laboratory of our hospital. Factors like age, gender, preceding gastrointestinal infection; sensory involvement and need for mechanical ventilation were related with the presence of Guillian Barre Syndrome in our target population.

Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of these 22 (73.3%) were positive for the presence of antiganglioside antibodies while 08 (26.4%) did not show the presence of detectable levels of these antibodies in their serum. On fisher exact test preexisting gastrointestinal infection and sensory involvement were statistically significantly related to the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies among the patients suffering from Guillian Barre Syndrome.

Conclusion: Relationship of presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies was strong with the Guillian Barre Syndrome among the patients enrolled in our study. It was even stronger in among the patients who presented with the sensory involvement or those who had a gastrointestinal infection prior to the onset of symptoms of...........
Application of Weight Estimation Formula in Emergency for Pakistani Pediatric Polulation: Advanced Pediatric Life Support or Luscombe
Authors: Ateeq Saad , Basheer Faisal , Ikram Farooq
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To compare original Advanced Pediatric Life Support (APLS) and Luscombe & Owen (LO) formula with weight on scale in Pakistani pediatric population.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Unit, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2018.

Methodology: A total of 1059 patients were subjected to weight scale and different formulas for weight estimation i.e., original APLS and LO. A pre-designed Performa was used to extract the data. SPSS v.25.0 was used as statistical analysis, where t-test was used to measure the significant difference.

Results: The mean age of 1059 children was 4.55 ± 2.96 years with 55.1% males and 44.9% females. A total of 683 (64.4%) children were below or of 5 years of age. The mean scale weight was recorded as 16.71 ± 6.34 kg while for APLS and LO estimation mean was 17.13 ± 5.935 kg and 20.62 ± 8.88 kg respectively. The difference in means of scale weight with APLS and LO estimation was -0.42 kg and -3.92 kg respectively. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of scale weight with original APLS and LO, p-value of 0.115 and <0.001 were recorded for both respectively, revealing that no difference in means of scale weight and APLS.

Conclusion: Pakistani pediatric population of young age utilizing age-based estimation methods, APLS weight estimation tool is much better than LO estimation.
Comparison of Breast Biopsy Pathology Reporting with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (Bi-Rads) Categories-An Institutional Study
Authors: Humayun Saba , Asif Muhammad , Khadim Muhammad Tahir , Din Hafeez Ud , Anwar Madeeha , Rashid Farhat
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine concordance and discordance between radiological and pathological findings of palpable breast lesions.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Mar 2019.

Methodology: Imaging and histopathologic reports of a total of 170 female patients with breast lumps were analyzed. Concordance and discordance rates were estimated by comparing histopathology and imaging findings. All the reports were divided into four categories. Malignant concordant lesions showed malignant features and benign concordant lesions showed benign features on both imaging and histopathology. Malignant discordant lesions were those lesions, which were reported benign on imaging but proved to be malignant on histopathology and benign discordant lesions were those showing malignant features on imaging but turned out to be benign on histopathology.

Results: Overall concordance was observed in 138 (81.2%) cases with a discordance rate of 18.8% (15.3% benign discordant and 3.5% malignant discordant). All malignant discordant cases (n=6, 3.5%) were reported as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category III on imaging and all came out to be invasive ductal carcinoma on histopathology. All benign discordant cases (n=26, 15.3%) were reported as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV on imaging.

Conclusion: A higher discordance rate between imaging and histopathologic findings was observed in the present study as compared to what cited in the literature. Discordant cases should be followed by repeat biopsy for confirmation of diagnosis
PREVALENCE AND DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Shafiq Sameera , Fatima Zainab , Bano Zakia
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To study the prevalence and demographic correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among university students.

Study Design: Correlational Research Design

Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from University of Gujrat, Gujrat between 6 February, 2019 to, 5 April 2019.

Material and Methods: A sample of 400 students selected by random sampling technique were approached from two departments namely Psychology and Environmental Sciences which were randomly selected from Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Sciences respectively. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42) along with demographic sheet and informed consent forms were administered.

Results: Prevalence of moderate to extremely severe level of depression, anxiety, and stress as 54.8%, 73.5%, and 44.3% respectively was found among university students.  Depression, anxiety, and stress were found to be positively and significantly related, having high Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability coefficients. Among demographic variables, type of study group significantly predicted level of depression, anxiety, and stress among students. Age and income significantly predicted level of depression, while the former also contributed in anxiety. However, gender was significant predictor of stress only among university students.

Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was high among university students in Gujrat. There is a need for launching of counseling and preventive interventions to halt psychiatric disorders at early stages among university students.
Plasmapheresis in Neurological Disorders: Frequency and Type of Adverse Effects Associated with this Procedure in Atertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Kazmi Syed Sakhawat , Alamgir Waseem , Hashmat Asif , Yousaf Ali , Nawaz Khurram Haq , Hassan Zahid
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and type of adverse effects associated with plasmapheresis among the patients with neurological disorders at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: The sample population comprised 150 patients with various neurological disorders requiring plasmapheresis at a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The consultant neuro physician diagnosed the underlying disorder, and a management plan of plasmapheresis was given after the departmental meeting. The presence of adverse effects was observed during the session of plasmapheresis till 48 hours after the session.

Results: Out of 150 patients with neurological illness undergoing plasmapheresis at our department, 18 (12%) developed one or more adverse effects due to the procedure, while 132 (88%) did not experience any adverse effects. The mean age of the patients was 30.2 ± 2.698 years. GB syndrome 61 (40.6%) was the commonest disease for which plasmapheresis was done. Allergic reaction 4 (2.6%) was the commonest side effect among the patients undergoing plasmapheresis, followed by abdominal pain 3 (2%). 146 (97.4%) patients were shifted toward, and 4 (2.6%) required intensive care unit admission after the procedure due to complications. Mortality due to this procedure was nil in the given period.

Conclusion: Plasmapheresis is a relatively safe procedure for neurological illnesses with an immunological basis. Patients should be told about the common adverse effects they could face during the procedure especially allergic reactions and...
Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination
Authors: Rafique Aisha , Nazir Noman , Zamir Quratulain
Published: December 2022

Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination is a rare entity characterized by pigment dispersion, raised intraocular pressure and sluggish pupils. It usually follows systemic infections. A mid aged female presented with photophobia, visual blurring and ocular pain. Bilateral ocular examination revealed patchy loss of iris pigment epithelium, pupillary atrophy, and persistent mydriasis and raised intra ocular pressure. She had history of acute respiratory infection treated with oral moxifloxacin one month before onset of her ocular discomfort. Her ocular symptoms were managed with topical pressure lowering drugs and steroids which improved over a period of 6 to 9 weeks, however, pupils remained slightly dilated.
Determination of Diagnostic Accuracy of Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Aminotranferase in Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis Presented at Tertiary Care Hospital of South Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Younas Amna , Hanif Waqas , Sheikh Muhammad Ali Ahmad , Younas Muhammad , Ellahi Sana , Ain Qurat ul
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase ratio in hepatic cirrhosis keeping liver biopsy as a reference standard.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan and Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Dec 2019 to Mar 2020.

Methodology: Two hundred and fifty (250) patients were consecutively picked according to inclusion and exclusion criteria after approval of the institutional review board. Blood Samples were collected from patients for serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase after informed consent who had undergone liver biopsy and Batt Ludwig was the staging system used to stage liver cirrhosis. They were interpreted at Nishtar Hospital Multan Pakistan and analyzed in Combined Military Hospital Multan Pakistan by using the Spectrophotometry technique by IFCC certified enzymatic method. Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase ratio was derived which represents hepatic cirrhosis keeping liver biopsy as a reference standard.

Result: 230 patients out of 250, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Kolmogorov smirnov test showed data is non-parametric. The Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase ratio for diagnosing hepatic cirrhosis in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, its sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were 72%, 68%, 89%, 41%, and 69% respectively. The receiver operating curve proclaims that Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase of 1.7 with an area under the curve was 0.795 which is consistent with histopathological findings of hepatic cirrhosis in liver biopsy.

Conclusion: To conclude, Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase may be wielded as an incredible diagnostic tool for patients suffering from viral...
Significance of Elevated Synovial Fluid Lactic Acid and Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Differentiating Between Septic Arthritis, Inflammatory Arthritis and Non-Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Erum Uzma , Umer Tahira Perveen , Arain Shafiq-ur Rehman , Ahmed Muhammad Rashid , Nazir Lubna
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase levels in synovial fluid and differentiate between inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Rheumatology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from Feb to May 2019.

Methodology: All patients of age >18 years, of either gender, who presented with knee joint effusion were enrolled in the study. Synovial fluid aspiration for the analysis of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was done for all patients.

Results: Seventy-seven patients were enrolled, of which 75 were included in the analysis. Two patients were excluded as one had lymphoma and the other had recent joint trauma. 31 (41.3 %) patients had non-inflammatory, or osteoarthritis, and 44 (58.7 %) had inflammatory arthritis. The mean value of synovial LDH in inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis was 737.38 ± 102.76 mmol/L and 265.5 ± 17.43 mmol/L, respectively, (p<0.001). The mean value of synovial lactate in inflammatory arthritis (32.16 ± 2.84 mmol/L) was higher than the mean value of synovial lactate in non-inflammatory arthritis (19.81 ± 1.08 mmol/L) (p<0.001). There mean plasma LDH in inflammatory arthritis and non-inflammatory arthritis was 495.77 ± 41.67 mg/dl and 437.90 ± 30.99 mg/dl, respectively (p>0.05). The plasma lactate in inflammatory arthritis and noninflammatory arthritis was 12.84 ± 0.59 mg/dl and 12.97 ± 0.78 mg/dl, respectively (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Synovial fluid lactic acid and synovial LDH can serve as rapid diagnostic and cost-effective tests to differentiate between non-inflammatory and inflammatory arthritis.
Submental Flap as a Reconstructive Option for Reconstruction in Oral Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Tahir Masood , Qayyum Muhammad Umar , Tahir Umamah , Tahir Yumna , Zahra Rubbab , Tahir Maliha
Published: December 2022

Objective: To demonstrate the advantages and oncological safety of the submental flap.

Study Design: Case series.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Study, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Multan and Peshawar Pakistan, from Jul 2014 to May 2020.

Methodology: Twenty patients underwent flap reconstruction with a submental flap. The patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma at different sites of the head and neck. Only patients with no cervical lymph node metastasis were included.

Results: We operated a total of 20 patients, out of which 11 (55%) were male and 9 (45%) were female. The mean age was 62.75 years (range: 47-80 years). Thirteen (65%) patients were diagnosed with Squamous cell carcinoma, 5 (25%) with Basal cell carcinoma and 2 (10%) were diagnosed with Verrucous carcinoma on histopathology. Two (10%) patients reported back with regional recurrence and were given postoperative radiotherapy. One (5%) patient had complete flap loss while 2 (10%) had distal tip necrosis.

Conclusion: In carefully selected cases submental flap is a viable option, without the risk of occult metastasis.
Significance of Ratio of the Neck Circumference and Thyromental Distance as a Predictor of Difficult Intubation in Obese Patients
Authors: Qureshi Sajjad , Khan Amanat , Malik Nazir Ahmed , Mughal Muhammad Saeed
Published: December 2022

Objective: To ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of raised neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio (NC/TMD) for difficulty in intubation among patients with obesity keeping grades III and IV of Cormack and Lehane's score as the gold standard.

Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.

Place and Duration of Study: Anesthesiology Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jul to Dec 2017.

Methodology: One hundred and thirty obese patients who had to undergo surgery under general anaesthesia were included in the study. All the patients underwent measurement of neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio, and raised neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio was noted. Difficult intubation was labelled according to the grades III and IV of Cormack and Lehane's score.

Results: In this study, 130 cases were included. Fifty-eight patients were males, and 72 were females. Diagnostic accuracy of raised neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio for difficulty in intubation among patients who were obese, was recorded where sensitivity was 83.87%, and specificity was found to be 91.92%, positive predictive value as 76.47%, negative predictive value as 94.79%, the accuracy rate was calculated as 90%.

Conclusion: Our study showed that difficulty in intubation is more frequent in patients who are obese and the neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio is a reliable method for foreseeing difficult intubation compared to other established predictors with cut off value of 5.0.
Study of some morphobiological features of photoperiodically neutral forms of sugar sorghum
Authors:   Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn, Kameneva Olga , Kibalnik Oksana , Semin Dmitry , Efremova Irina
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of research on the study of morphobiological features (number and length of internodes of the main stem, plant height, number of leaves, interphase period "shoots-flowering") and productivity of biomass, seeds of sugar sorghum. This is a drought-resistant productive crop of universal use. The parameters that make up the productivity of photoperiodically neutral varieties and hybrids of selection of RosNIISK "Rossorgo" have been determined. Based on the studied breeding and valuable traits and agro-climatic conditions of the Saratov region, geographically related to the northern border of sorghum, a model of a variety and a hybrid of sugar sorghum is presented when grown for technical purposes. Keywords: SORGHUM, MAIN STEM, INTERNODES, PRECOCITY, INTERPHASE PERIOD
المشترك الإنساني وسؤال الهويّة في رحلات باسم فرات
Authors: KADDUM Mahmud , BENYAMİNA Zohra
Published: December 2022

تميّز أدب الرّحلة على مرّ العصور بأنّه تجربة ذاتية تجمع بين الواقع والـمتخيّل، غير أنّ هذا لا يغيّب حضور المناحي الاجتماعية والثّقافيّة والتّاريخيّة فيه، التي تعد شاهدا بصريّا يستند إليه الرّحّالة لنقل ما عرفه في رحلته، وتصوير عادات من مرّ بهم، وحصر تقاليدهم التي تضيف إليه رصيدا معرفيّا جديدا، وتندرج رحلات باسم فرات ضمن هذا النّمط الّذي يحمل بعدا إنسانيّا يصوّر هموم الإثنيّات، ويصحّح مقولات الدّونيّة والميز العنصري غير المبرّرين، وينشغل بالبحث في البعد الذي يؤدّيه المشترك الإنساني ودوره في تعزيز التّقارب بين الحضارات، إضافة إلى إبراز الهويّة وتمثّلاتها عند هذا الرّحّالة العراقي. وقد توصّل البحث في الأخير إلى أنّ المشترك الإنساني ليس نظريّة تُفرض، بل هو تابعٌ لفطرة الإنسان، وأنّه آلية من آليات الحوار بين الشّعوب خاصّة الّذين جمعت بينهم الظّروف التّاريخيّة، والاجتماعيّة، والمميّزات الثّقافية المتشابهة.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısından Cebir Öğrenme Alanı
Authors: İLHAN Aziz , POÇAN Serdal , TUTAK Tayfun , KIRMIZIGÜL Hafize Gamze
Published: December 2022

Aritmetikten cebire geçişte öğrencilerin sorun yaşadıkları bilinmektedir. İçeriğindeki soyut kavramlar, cebirin öğrenciler tarafından zor bir konu olarak görülmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ortaokul öğrencilerinin gözünden cebir konusunun incelenmesi önemli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin cebir öğrenme alanına ilişkin metaforlarını ve görüşlerini incelemektir. Çalışma nitel türdedir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde bulunan bir ildeki ortaokullar içerisinden uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş bir okulda öğrenim gören 132 (88 kız, 44 erkek) ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş cebirsel ifadeler ve denklem konularına yönelik anket formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada cebir öğrenme alanı cebirsel ifadeler ve denklemler teması altında incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin cebir öğrenme alanına yönelik oluşturmuş oldukları metaforların, çoğunlukla terazi, harfler topluluğu, apartman, teknolojik cihaz ve tahterevalli başlıkları altında toplandığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada öğrencilerin cebir öğrenme alanına yönelik algıları, farkındalıkları ve hissettikleri tablolar ve doğrudan alıntılar ile okuyucuya aktarılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları çerçevesinde bu alanda çalışacak araştırmacılara cebirsel ifadeler ve denklem konularıyla ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Improving the system of training students in the field of information security within the framework of the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030 and the Concept for the Development of the Penitentiary System of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030
Authors: Кравченко Андрей Сергеевич , Калач Андрей Владимирович
Published: December 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы подготовки обучающихся образовательных организаций Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний по специальности 10.05.02 «Информационная безопасность телекоммуникационных систем». Раскрывается содержание подготовки в рамках стратегии развития информационного общества и мероприятий по научно-техническому развитию уголовно-исполнительной системы.

The article deals with the issues of training students of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the specialty 10.05.02 «Information Security of Telecommunication Systems». The content of training within the framework of the strategy for the development of the information society and activities for the scientific and technical development of the penitentiary system is disclosed.
The Opinions of Teachers About School Principals who Graduated from Physical Education and Sports Departments
Authors: KILIÇ Muhammet Emre , ASLAN Burak
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the opinions of teachers about school principals who graduated from physical education and sports departments. This research was designed as a qualitative research. The study group of this research consists of 10 teachers whose school principals graduated from physical education and sports in Erzurum in the 2022-2023 academic year. In this study, maximum variation sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. As a result of this, teachers revealed two main themes and ten sub-themes. The first theme is individual behaviors of school principals. The sub-themes of individual behaviors of school principals were communication, inability to manage instructional program, motivation, sport activity and authority respectively. The second theme is the behaviors of the school principals about the school culture. The sub-themes of the behaviors of the school principals about the school culture were ceremonies, organizational communication, values, role models and rewards in the school culture respectively.
Digital Thermometer
Authors: Morales Cruz Norberto Gonzales , Rojano Miguel Ángel Hernández , Gómez Johnny Pérez , Cuaxilo Jenifer Corona , Gante Gonzalo Hernández De , Calva Jesús Zamora , Contreras Iván Jhesuan Sánchez
Published: December 2022

In this article, a prototype of a digital thermometer is shown, with the objective that students and teachers have more efficient laboratory material, reducing accidents due to the handling of high-risk materials, in the laboratory of chemistry. Because conventional thermometers have mercury in their bulb, which is toxic to humans. Thus, the personnel who use them to carry out their research and practices can reduce the risks when handling these temperature measurement instruments. In this sense, the design and construction of a box-type thermometer were carried out with 3D software. This model was chosen because it is more resistant and accessible to transport. In turn, an electronic control, programmed and controlled by an Atmega328P microcontroller, was implemented in the thermometer. This element allows more accurate temperatures to be taken since it has a temperature sensor (type K thermocouple). An OLED screen was implemented in this model, which is powered by a 9V rechargeable battery. Once the prototype was assembled, tests were carried out in the laboratory. To compare the determination of the temperature and have the certainty of its operation. With this prototype, verification and experimental tests are carried out to verify its effectiveness. It is determined that this type of equipment is functional for safely measuring temperature, using it in good practices and experiments carried out at the University.
Can One Transmit Energy Faster Than Light
Authors: Maccini Anthony
Published: December 2022

Considerations on the mechanism of why EM fields in the near-field of an antenna, and particles tunnelling through a potential barrier are both superluminal, that if this could be understood, then there may be the possibility of sending energy faster than light. Possible explanations of this mechanism are considered, the nature of tunnelling and EM fields in general and considered explaining such behaviour through Emmy Noether’s theorem (1918) and the principle of least action, and applying this to the principle of work and energy, with considerations of Wheeler – Feynman Absorber theory of advanced waves echoing back to the source, as an explanation of the principle of least action, then speculating that this can be applied to superluminal effects in tunnelling and EM fields in the near-field. That the solutions of Maxwell’s equations for advanced and retarded potentials shows a symmetry to time, reflecting the fact that there must be two-time flows, one into the past and the other, into the future. From this it is considered that the reducing of the refractive index of the vacuum, ZPF field is what causes light to be faster than light, giving an explanation of the mechanism of tunnelling and EM fields in the near-field being superluminal, and considering the engineering of the vacuum, to send energy faster than light.
Use of Rainwater in a Hydroponic Greenhouse
Authors: Corona José Luis Hernández , Reyes Jonny Carmona , SanLuis Noe Cervantes
Published: December 2022

The increase in population in the world is currently generating needs for basic resources such as food and even liquids, resulting in a shortage of food that affects families, likewise, hydroponics as an alternative way to produce food with greater profitability and a lower use of land, water and energy, since the rainy seasons have constantly undergone changes, which have affected the natural growth of crops giving a smaller amount of this which generates losses, for this reason a greenhouse is being implemented (hydroponic) since they are more profitable and easier to control, which makes it an alternative to combat food shortages. To contextualize in the following paragraphs, an alternative method will be shown that allows the collection of rainwater that is used to harvest plants without the need for land through a closed system of 100% use. The system has a recollection of water by galvanized sheet roof capturing rainwater and storing it in 3 tanks with a capacity of 20L. They are connected in series which will replenish a 150L capacity tub containing tilapia fish. The tilapia´s waste will allow the vegetables to be nourished by means of a pump. It is proposed to use a hydroponic greenhouse, to grow vegetables and use the waste of the wall as fertilizer since the physical and chemical factors of the water du0072ing the activities of hydroponics and recirculation aquaculture, mainly in relation to the amounts of macronutrients, is undoubtedly the accumulation of nutrients dissolved in the water and helps in the cultivation of tomatoes, lettuce, slices, and cilantro, thus reducing water consumption and contamination of the land.
Penerapan Rest Hour Berdasarkan Maritime Labour Convention 2006 Di Atas Kapal MV. Dewi Ambarwati
Authors: Mery Meryanti , Suhardono Ahmad , Herlambang Prananda
Published: December 2022

This research was conducted to determine the application of rest hour on MV. Dewi Ambarwati. In addition, it is also to find out the obstacles in the application of the rest hour and efforts to overcome the obstacles in the application of Rest Hour on MV. Dewi Ambarwati. The method used in this research is descriptive research method. The data in this research were obtained from observations in MV. Dewi Ambarwati, the documents obtained when conducting research in MV. Dewi Ambarwati, and also got from the result of interviews. From the results of this research, it was found that the implementation of Rest Hour on MV. Dewi Ambarwati has used a program that has been provided by a company called Sea Manager. This program can automatically detect errors in the event of overtime or situations that are not in accordance with the 2006 MLC. Even though they have used the Sea Manager program, the application of rest hour still has some obstacles. The obstacles which are happens caused by the lack of rest hours, so it’s causing the performance of the crew will be decrease, the safety of the crew will be threatened, and also the health of the crew will be decrease. Therefore, several efforts were made to overcome existing obstacles, such as organizing working hours, supervising the implementation of work, making daily work procedures so that all crew members can carry out properly

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan rest hour diatas kapal MV. Dewi Ambarwati, mengetahui hambatan dan mengatasi hambatan dalam penerapan Rest Hourtersebut. Metode yang digunakandalampenelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Data yang ada dalam penelitian ini didapat dari hasil observasi di MV. Dewi Ambarwati, dokumen-dokumen yang didapat pada saat melakukan penelitian, serta dari hasil wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, didapatkan data bahwa penerapan Rest Hour di atas kapal MV Dewi Ambarwati dalam pelaksanaannya telah menggunakan program yang telah disediakan oleh perusahaan bernama sea manager. Program ini dapat dengan otomatis mendeteksi kesalahan apabila terjadi overtime atau situasi yang tidak sesuai dengan MLC 2006. Walaupun demikian, dalam pelaksanaannya penerapan Rest Hour masih terjadi hambatan.Hambatan yang terjadi dalam penerapan Rest Hour terhadap crew kapal dikarenakan kurangnya jam istirahat sehingga menyebabkan kinerja awak kapal akan menurun, keselamatan kerja awak kapal akan terancam, dan kesehatan awak kapal akan menurun. Maka dari itu, dilakukan beberapa upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan yang ada, seperti dilaksanakannya pengorganisasian jam kerja, pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan pekerjaan, dibuatnya prosedur kerja harian sehingga dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh seluruh awak kapal.