bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of band (peak) shape development in capillary zone electrophoresis in light of the linear theory of electromigration
Authors: Dvořák Martin , Dubský Pavel , Dovhunová Magda , Gaš Bohuslav
Published: November 2018

The continuity equations that describe the movement of ions in liquid solutions under the influence of an external stationary electric field, as it is utilized in electrophoresis, were introduced a long time ago starting with Kohlrausch in 1897. From that time on, there have been many attempts to solve the equations and to discuss the results. In electrophoresis, special attention has always been devoted to the peak shapes obtained by the detector since the shapes have a tight connection with the phenomena taking place during electromigration and influence the efficiency and selectivity of the separation. Among these phenomena, the most important is electromigration dispersion. In this commented review paper, we compare various models of electromigration, try to find points that connect them, and discuss the range of their validity in light of the linear and nonlinear theory of electromigration.
Facile Construction of 3D Packing Porous Flower‐Like NiCo2O4@NiMoO4/rGO Hybrids as High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Large Areal Capacitance
Authors: Zhang Maofeng , Liu Wenzhen , Han Ran , Xu Jun , Sun Zhenjie , Liu Jiaqin , Wu Yucheng
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of an efficient and economically viable supercapacitor material with a large areal capacitance for miniaturized consumer electronics is still a major challenge. Herein, densely packed 3D flower‐like NiCo2O4@NiMoO4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites on Ni foam which can be directly utilized as a supercapacitor material are demonstrated. The overall electrochemical performance can be significantly enhanced by an increase in the packing density of 3D flower‐like structure, highly porous spatial construction, and the synergistic effects of the three materials, which generates a larger areal capacitance of 9.41 F cm−2 and a superior cycling stability with 75% areal capacitance retention after 2000 charge–discharge cycles. This simple and low‐cost supercapacitor material may have potential applications in energy storage devices.
Bioethanol production by newly isolated halotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus strains
Authors: Ertuğrul Karatay Sevgi , Demiray Ekin , Dönmez Gönül
Published: November 2018

Several biotechnological applications have been investigated using Kluyveromyces spp. yeast, considering their high metabolic diversity. This study suggests the usage of two newly isolated halotolerant K. marxianus strains obtained from cheese and pickle wastes could be used for bioethanol production in molasses medium. Some important parameters such as pH (4, 5, 6, 7), fermentation period (4, 8, 12, 24 h), initial substrate loading (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 v/v %), and salt concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 w/v %) were optimized in the first experiments of the study, which showed that the optimum medium was the one containing 10 v/v % molasses solution and 4 w/v % NaCl. The highest ethanol yield was obtained after 12 h of fermentation at pH 5 in the first isolate and at pH 6 in the second one. Moreover 7.90 and 7.92 g/L of ethanol, corresponding to 0.65 g/L.h of productivity and 39.2% and 39.1% theoretical ethanol yield achieved respectively. It is also worth to mention here that considerable ethanol quantities such as 2.84 and 2.65 g/L were obtained even at 10% salt concentration. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on usage of halotolerant K. marxianus in molasses‐based ethanol production. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 542–547, 2019
Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Female Population
Authors: Arshad Tamoore , Golabi Pegah , Paik James , Mishra Alita , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: November 2018

There is a paucity of recent data about the epidemiology and long‐term outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the female population. Our aim was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and mortality of NAFLD in female adults of the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999‐2014 were used. NAFLD status was determined by the U.S. Fatty Liver Index (US‐FLI) in the absence of other liver diseases and excessive alcohol consumption. The prevalence rates, risk factors, and 5‐year all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality were determined in women with NAFLD. The most recent prevalence of NAFLD among female adults (2007‐2014) in the United States was 24.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.48‐26.33). Prevalence was higher among women >44 years of age and those with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. In addition, the average age of the female population with NAFLD has decreased over time. The fully adjusted odds ratios in women with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD were 1.48 (95% CI, 1.20‐1.82) for cardiovascular disease (CVD), 1.89 (95% CI, 1.42‐2.52) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score ≥7.5%, and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.37‐2.25) for either CVD or ASCVD ≥7.5%. The 5‐year mortality for female adults with NAFLD was significantly higher than for those without NAFLD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.05). Among women with NAFLD, those with ASCVD ≥7.5% had significantly higher 5‐year all‐cause mortality and CVD mortality. Conclusion: The prevalence of NAFLD in female NHANES participants from the United States has continued over recent years. In the female population with NAFLD, ASCVD ≥7.5% is an independent predictor of overall and cardiac‐specific mortality.
IL‐17A‐mediated ERK1/2/p65 signaling pathway is associated with cell apoptosis after non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Pan Ya‐jie , Ren Xing , Zhang Ying‐ying , Lv Jun , Zeng Qing‐lei , Zhang Hong‐yu , Yu Zu‐jiang
Published: November 2018

Interleukin (IL)‐17A is pro‐inflammatory cytokine which has been identified as a noninvasive marker of the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlying role of IL‐17A in NASH progression remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of IL‐17A in the induction of NASH. The results showed that IL‐17A was highly expressed in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NASH mouse model. Intravenous injection of IL‐17A exacerbated steatohepatitis process via promoting hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, IL‐17A‐induced apoptosis was mediated by ERK1/2/p65 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IL‐17A‐mediated ERK1/2/p65 signaling pathway was a promising target for the treatment of NASH. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):302–309, 2019
Ischemic preconditioning improved renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and hyperglycemia
Authors: Li Jian‐Ri , Ou Yen‐Chuan , Wu Chih‐Cheng , Wang Jiaan‐Der , Lin Shih‐Yi , Wang Ya‐Yu , Chen Wen‐Ying , Chen Chun‐Jung
Published: November 2018

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is an alternation of renal hemodynamics, which results in diverse postischemic responses and eventually acute kidney injury. Although renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the kidney from I/R injury, the precise renoprotective mechanisms are not completely understood. The multiple renoprotective effects of IPC underscore the importance in understanding molecular mechanisms and the targets of action involved. This study aimed to identify the biochemical changes in renal I/R injury and investigate the renoprotective mechanisms of IPC. Herein, renal I/R was produced in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats through the bilateral ligation of renal pedicles for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. For the IPC group, rats were subjected to three cycles of 2‐min ischemia, followed by a 5‐min reperfusion, 15 min prior to renal I/R. Our data confirmed the beneficial effects that IPC has on renal I/R injury. IPC‐mediated renoprotection was associated with the resolution of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and hyperglycemia. Among the numerous signaling molecules involved in the renoprotective mechanisms of IPC, an elevated protein expression of Nrf2, HO‐1, LC3 II conversion, along with Atg12 and protein phosphorylation of AMPK, as well as a decreased protein phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and Akt and NF‐κB DNA binding activity were identified. Importantly, the post renal I/R overproduction of counter‐regulatory hormones, impaired hepatic insulin action, and augmented hepatic gluconeogenesis were improved through IPC. As counter‐regulatory hormones have been implicated in the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, impaired insulin action, hyperglycemia, and tissue destruction, our findings suggest that counter‐regulatory hormones may well be valuable targets of IPC for combatting renal I/R injury. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):321–329, 2019
Long noncoding RNAs in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Xu Fei , Jin Lei , Jin Yueling , Nie Zhiyan , Zheng Hong
Published: November 2018

With the completion of the human genome project and further development of high‐throughput genomic technologies, interest in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are defined as non‐protein‐coding RNAs at least 200 nucleotides in length, has strongly increased, and lncRNAs have become a major research direction. Increasing evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs are closely related to human growth and development and to disease occurrence via various mechanisms. lncRNAs also play crucial roles in the differentiation and activation of immune cells, and their relationships with human autoimmune diseases have received increasing attention. The development of biotechnology has led to the gradual discovery of many potential lncRNA functions. In this review, we discuss various lncRNAs that have been implicated in different human autoimmune diseases, focusing on their clinical applications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the pathologies of diverse human autoimmune diseases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 468–475, 2019.
Molecular and histological characteristics of bovine caudal nucleus pulposus by combined changes in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures in vitro
Authors: Mizuno Shuichi , Kashiwa Kaori , Kang James D.
Published: November 2018

Intervertebral disc degeneration is ubiquitous among aging patients, and altered matrix homeostasis is one of the key features of this condition. Physicochemical stresses have a significant impact on matrix homeostasis as they lead to progressive degeneration and may be associated with spinal pain and dysfunction. Thus, it is important to understand the cellular and matrix characteristics of nucleus pulposus in response to these stresses, which include hydrostatic and osmotic pressures during alternate loading conditions. We hypothesized that a combination of changes in hydrostatic pressure and in osmotic pressure that mimic normal, daily spinal stress would stimulate anabolic function, whereas a non‐realistic combination of those stresses would stimulate catabolic function in nucleus pulposus cells. We examined the effects of these combined stresses, represented by 12 systematic conditions, on the metabolic activities of enzymatically isolated bovine caudal nucleus pulposus in vitro. We measured the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and evaluated the quality of the matrix and the capability of cell proliferation immunohistologically. Combined cyclic hydrostatic pressure at 0.5 MPa, 0.5 Hz, and high osmotic pressure at 450 mOsm upregulated the aggrecan core protein and collagen type‐II gene expression significantly (p < 0.05), and showed trends of upregulation of chondroitin sulfate N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1, matrix metalloproteinase‐13, and PCNA. ECM, however, contained empty spaces at a high osmotic pressure with and without hydrostatic pressure. Since ECM has highly specialized physicochemical properties, homeostasis should involve not only phenotypic cellular behavior but also turnover of ECM. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:466–476, 2019.
Biomimetic proteoglycans can molecularly engineer early osteoarthritic cartilage in vivo
Authors: Phillips Evan R. , Prudnikova Katsiaryna , Bui Tuan , Taylor Adam J. , Galindo Diego A. , Huneke Richard B. , Hou J. Steve , Mulcahey Mary K. , Marcolongo Michele S.
Published: November 2018

Biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) have the potential to treat osteoarthritis (OA) given that these molecules mimic the structure and properties of natural proteoglycans, which are significantly reduced in OA. We examined the effects of BPGs injected into the intra‐articular space in an in vivo OA rabbit knee model and evaluated the effect on histological response, joint friction, and BPG distribution and retention. Rabbits underwent ACL transection to create an arthritic state after 5 weeks. OA rabbits were treated with BPGs or Euflexxa® (hyaluronic acid) intra‐articular injections. Non‐OA rabbits were injected similarly with BPGs; contralateral joints served as controls. The progression of OA and response to injections were evaluated using Mankin and gross grading systems indicating that mild OA was achieved in operated joints. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the intact knee joints were measured using a custom pendulum friction apparatus, showing that OA joints and OA + Euflexxa® joints demonstrated increased COF than non‐operated controls, while BPG‐injected non‐OA and OA + BPGs were not significantly different from non‐OA controls. Injected fluorescently labeled BPGs demonstrated that BPGs diffused into cartilage with localization in the pericellular region. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:403–411, 2019.
Air‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and a drying step for extraction and preconcentration of some phthalate esters from edible oils prior to their determination by GC
Authors: Khoshmaram Leila , Abdolmohammad‐Zadeh Hossein , Ghaffarzadeh Elham
Published: November 2018

In this work, a new, cheap, simple, fast, and low organic solvent consuming procedure is proposed for isolation, enrichment, and gas chromatographic determination of some phthalate esters in edible oils. The method is based on a combination of air‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by a drying step under N2 gas. Several experimental parameters affecting both extraction and preconcentration steps were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions for the proposed method, wide linear ranges (0.05–800 μg/L) and low detection limits (0.007–0.023 μg/L) were observed. The ranges of enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were 68–340 and 14–68%, respectively. Eventually, the target analytes were successfully determined in different edible oils using the proposed method.
A study on densities of sets of points and lines
Authors: Şentürk Gülsüm Yeliz , Yüce Salim
Published: November 2018

In this paper, firstly, our purpose is to give the relationship among the densities of the sets of collinear points, the relationship among the densities of the sets of noncollinear points, and the relationship among the densities of the sets of the intersecting lines in Euclidean plane, respectively. In addition to that, we define the density formulas for the sets of points and lines under the two‐parameter planar Euclidean motion. By means of these results, we obtain essential properties that explain the connection among the densities of the sets of points and among the densities of the sets of intersecting lines under the two‐parameter planar Euclidean motion.
A primal‐dual method for the Meyer model of cartoon and texture decomposition
Authors: Wen You‐Wei , Sun Hai‐Wei , Ng Michael K.
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we study the original Meyer model of cartoon and texture decomposition in image processing. The model, which is a minimization problem, contains an l1‐based TV‐norm and an l∞‐based G‐norm. The main idea of this paper is to use the dual formulation to represent both TV‐norm and G‐norm. The resulting minimization problem of the Meyer model can be given as a minimax problem. A first‐order primal‐dual algorithm can be developed to compute the saddle point of the minimax problem. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is theoretically shown. Numerical results are presented to show that the original Meyer model can decompose better cartoon and texture components than the other testing methods.
Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis differentially responses to morning and evening psychological stress in healthy subjects
Authors: Yamanaka Yujiro , Motoshima Hidemasa , Uchida Kenji
Published: November 2018

Aim

The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis responds to changing environmental demands including psychological stressors. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the time of day effects on the acute response of HPA axis activity to acute psychological stress.

Method

We studied 27 healthy young subjects. The subjects were participated two experiments as follows. In the first experiment, subjects were instructed to keep their regular sleep schedule for 2 weeks which were measured by using a wrist‐worn activity monitor. Afterward, to evaluate a diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol, eight saliva samples were collected during waking period every 2 hours from when the subjects woke up. In the second experiment, the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was performed either in the morning (n = 14) or in the evening (n = 13). We measured diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol and stress response of salivary cortisol and heart rate by the TSST. Morning and evening tests were started at 2 hours and 10 hours after woke up, respectively.

Results

All subjects showed a normal diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol concentration, with a peak in the morning immediately after awaking and a minimum in the evening. The salivary cortisol response after the TSST was significantly increased from the prestress level in the morning but not in the evening.

Conclusion

The HPA response to acute psychological stress was more pronounced in the morning than in the evening, correlating with the circadian regulation of cortisol synthesis.
Maree's Backyard: Intercultural Collaborations for Indigenous Sovereignty in Melbourne
Authors: Thorner Sabra , Edmonds Fran , Clarke Maree , Balla Paola
Published: November 2018

In this article, four women engage, talk, and write about Indigenous sovereignty in Australia's southeast—the region of Australia most devastated by colonial incursion and the site of vibrant cultural activism in the present day. We are two non‐Indigenous academics (Sabra Thorner and Fran Edmonds) working together with two Indigenous artist‐curators (Maree Clarke and Paola Balla) in a process of collaborative, intercultural culture‐making. We mobilise two ethnographic examples—Maree Clarke's backyard and the 2016–2017 Sovereignty exhibition at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art—to assert that decolonising is an ongoing process which requires that non‐Indigenous peoples acknowledge their own privilege, learn Aboriginal histories, imagine both difference and coexistence; and that the goals of decolonisation are as diverse as the activists calling for it. In both contexts, art/culture‐making, alongside storytelling, are crucial forms of Indigenous knowledge production, led by Aboriginal women via their engagements with the artworld(s) in Melbourne and beyond.
Separation of nine novel triterpene saponins from Camellia japonica seeds using high‐performance countercurrent chromatography and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Rho Taewoong , Choi Soo‐Jung , Kil Hyun Woo , Ko Jaeyoung , Yoon Kee Dong
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae) is an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated as a popular ornamental tree in Korea, China, and Japan and its seeds have been used as a source of cooking oil, in cosmetics and as a traditional medicine. Intensive phytochemical works have revealed that oleanane‐type saponins are the characteristic compounds of the seeds of C. japonica.

Objective

The purpose of the present study is to isolate and determine oleanane‐type saponins from C. japonica using high‐performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) coupled with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and spectroscopic evidences, respectively.

Methodology

HPLC electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) was applied to profile the saponin composition of an enriched saponin extract of C. japonica seeds. The enriched saponin extract was separated by HPCCC using a dichloromethane/methanol/isopropanol/water (9:6:1:4, v/v/v/v) system and RP‐HPLC. The structures of the isolates were determined utilising ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS, one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR and optical rotation.

Results

HPCCC on enriched saponin extract of C. japonica yielded four saponin fractions in the order of the number of sugars attached to the triterpene aglycone, and preparative RP‐HPLC on each saponin fraction led to the isolation of nine novel saponins, namely camoreoside A–I, along with six known ones.

Conclusions

This study indicates that combination of HPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis and HPCCC coupled with RP‐HPLC are excellent tools for discovering saponins from natural sources.
Influence of a valley exit jet on the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer at the foothills of the Pyrenees
Authors: Jiménez Maria A. , Cuxart Joan , Martínez‐Villagrasa Daniel
Published: November 2018

The evolution of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer at the foothills of a major mountain range is studied, exploring the influence of thermally driven winds. Observations made in Lannemezan (in the foothills of the Pyrenees, about 10 km from the exit of the Aura Valley) during the Boundary‐Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) experimental field campaign are taken together with high‐resolution mesoscale simulations of some selected intensive observation periods. We find that the nocturnal boundary layer features in Lannemezan are different from those reported in flat terrain regions due to the influence of thermally driven winds. Close to sunset, a thermal gradient between the plain and the mountains favours the initiation of mountain–plain circulations, while at the mountain slopes locally generated downslope winds are formed. The organization of the flow in the Aura Valley generates a valley exit jet close to midnight, which propagates through the foothills while its speed and height decrease. As a result, a maximum wind speed of about 5–10 m/s from the southern sector is found in Lannemezan between 50 and 200 m above the ground, depending on the intensity and direction of the mesoscale winds. Turbulence (above and below the jet nose) and the jet features affect the relative importance of the terms of the surface energy balance and the temperature evolution at lower levels. The organization of the flow at lower levels in the Aura Valley and the thermal gradient between the valley and the foothills are the most important factors in the formation and maintenance of the valley exit jet, strongly modulated by the intensity and direction of the mesoscale winds.
Dess‐martin periodinane: The reactivity of a λ5‐iodane catalyst explained by topological analysis
Authors: Tantardini Christian , Michalchuk Adam A. L.
Published: November 2018

Dess‐Martin periodinane (DMP) and its derivatives are popular organic catalysts. DMP is extremely reactive in the presence of alcohols, catalyzing their oxidative conversion into ketones. However, despite their widespread use, this reactivity has not yet been explained. In the present work, a quantum chemical topological approach is taken to study the electronic structure of DMP. Topological analysis revealed two of the Iodine interpuncts ligand interactions to be notably weaker than the two others. Combined with study of the domain‐averaged Fermi hole (DAFH), it was confirmed that the iodine center is λ5‐hypervalent, forming two 3‐center‐4‐electron and two 3‐center‐2‐electrons bonds. The weakness of these multicenter bonds is ascribed to the high reactivity displayed by DMP. The ability to tune the ligand‐iodine interactions is investigated by altering the electronic structure of the ligands. It is demonstrated that DAFH analysis offers powerful insight into the understanding of molecular reactivity.
Product Distributions of Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis over Core‐Shell Catalysts: The Effects of Diverse Shell Thickness
Authors: Tian Zhipeng , Wang Chenguang , Si Zhan , Wang Yachen , Chen Lungang , Liu Qiying , Zhang Qi , Xu Ying , Ma Longlong
Published: November 2018

A series of core‐shell catalysts with different shell thickness were synthesized and the effect of microporous silica shell on product distribution of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis was analyzed. Fe3O4 core was prepared by hydrothermal method and the amorphous SiO2 shell was coated on the Fe3O4 core by sol‐gel method. N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis indicated an irregular and microporous silica shell and the pore size distribution moved to smaller diameter with the shell thickness increased. In Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, inactive silica shell increased catalytic activity (FTY) and stability by restricting catalyst cracking and sintering. Product distribution shifted to C1‐C4 gaseous hydrocarbons with the increasing shell thickness probably due to the diffusion limitations on reactants/products and structure confinement and separation effect of microporous silica shell on restricting the growth of catalytic active particles. Selectivities of C5+ were restricted within 10% for core‐shell catalysts. WGS reaction activity is reduced as well, which constrains side reaction and amplifies FTS catalytic productivity to hydrocarbons.
Copper Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation and Cleavage of β‐O‐4 Lignin Model Systems: From Development to Mechanistic Examination
Authors: Salonen H. Eemil P. , Mecke Carsten P. A. , Karjomaa Miika I. , Joensuu Pekka M. , Koskinen Ari M. P.
Published: November 2018

Lignin, an abundant natural polymer with high aromaticity, is a potential source of renewable chemicals and fuels among other biomaterials. Herein, a study on copper catalyzed alcohol oxidation and cleavage of lignin β‐O‐4 model substrates is reported. The potential of CuX/BiPy/TEMPO(/additive) systems (X=halide or triflate, BiPy=2,2’‐bipyridine; TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl) was explored and the optimized protocol was studied with several type of model compounds. Mechanistic studies elucidated two types of cascade reactions: Both involve a cleavage of Cα–Cβ bond, which is most likely activated by 1) primary alcohol oxidation in β‐O‐4 glycerolaryl ethers resulting in retro‐aldol cleavage and 2) Cβ–H oxidation after secondary alcohol oxidation in β‐O‐4 ethanolaryl ethers leading to oxidative radical cleavage. The first process affords aromatic aldehydes while the latter delivers aryl acids.
Effect of Small Nb‐doping Amount on the Performance of BaCoO3‐δ‐based Perovskite as Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysts
Authors: Li Kangming , Yin Meiyao , Wang Zhigang , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhu Tenglong , Wang Juan , Dewangan Nikita , Yu Yang , Zhong Qin , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: November 2018

Perovskite oxides are of great interest as cost‐effective replacements for noble metals and oxides employed in bifunctional electrocatalysts including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a series of Bi/Nb co‐doped BaCoO3‐δ‐based perovskite oxides BaBi0.05Co0.95‐xNbxO3‐δ (BBC0.95‐xNx, x=0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were synthesized and evaluated as oxygen electrocatalysts for ORR and OER. It is interesting to note that Nb‐doping amount is related to the contents of surface oxygen vacancies and oxidation states of cobalt, subsequently inducing performance differences among BBC0.95‐xNx. Results show that BBC0.95‐xNx have bifunctional electrocatalytic activities toward both ORR and OER in alkaline media. Compared with the BBC0.85N0.1 and BBC0.8N0.15, BBC0.75N0.2 with the highest Nb‐doping rate delivered a lowest total overpotential between the ORR and the OER. Moreover, the BBC0.95‐xNx catalysts deliver outstanding durability and methanol tolerance for ORR, better than Pt/C. BBC0.95‐xNx holding promising application as nonprecious bifunctional catalysts.
Five‐, Four‐ and Three‐Dentate Europium Chelates for Anion Sensing and Their Applicability to Enzymatic Dephosphorylation Reactions
Authors: Mohamed Zainelabdeen. H. , Soukka Tero , Arenz Christoph , Schäferling Michael
Published: November 2018

The design of anion‐sensitive probes with sufficient sensitivity and selectivity is a demanding task in analytical sciences and chemical sensor technology. The reversible binding of anions to lanthanide centers is a possible approach for the development of molecular anion sensors, as reversibility is a prerequisite for continuous sensing and monitoring of enzymatic reactions. Some anion species lead to a strong increase of luminescence intensities and lifetimes by the replacement of luminescence quenching water molecules, though the selectivity of the luminescence response is still a major problem. We synthesized a series of positively charged pyridyl‐based multidentate europium complexes (five‐, four‐ and three dentate) including sensitizing chromophores and studied their luminescence intensity and lifetime responses to different polyphosphates, pyrophosphate, phosphate anions, and carboxyanions. The results revealed that the number and symmetry of the binding sites have a significant impact on the response. The five‐dentate complex was used for the real‐time monitoring of the activity of the ATP hydrolyzing enzyme apyrase.
Support active military, student‐veterans with comprehensive efforts
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2018

Student‐veterans and active members of the military enrolled in classes and can face challenges in college, from their transition to the institution through on‐time graduation. Members of The Successful Registrar’s Advisory Board participated in a conference call to discuss what their institutions are doing to support these students.
Blockchain 101 for the Registrar's Office: Recordkeeping for the future
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2018

“If you always do what you've always done, you'll always get what you've always got.”

— Henry Ford
Tap into your greatest resources by learning to manage them better
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2018

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Your greatest resources sit right in front of you every day. But do you manage those resources in ways that allow your department to reap the full benefits?
Dünne PVD‐Hartstoffschichten zur Online‐Temperaturmessung
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Kruppe Nathan C. , Stalpers Lore , Janowitz Julia
Published: November 2018

Thin PVD hard coatings for the online temperature measurement

In the processing industry, process control and the improvement of manufacturing processes become increasingly important. Therefore the acquisition of important process data during production becomes the focus of attention. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) allows the deposition of only a few micrometers thin coatings, which follow the shape of the coated surface. They have functionalities and can also increase the wear and corrosion resistance of the coated production tool or components. The aim of this article was the development of thin PVD coatings which can measure temperatures ranging from room temperature up to several hundred centigrades. Therefore, two different coating systems are presented and analyzed with regard to their suitability for temperature measurement. The overall aim is intended to measure the temperature in the interface between the tool surface and the processed workpiece in cutting process or between the tool surface and the melt by primary forming. The sensor coating provides the possibility of an online temperature measurement and the forwarding of this process data. The operating principle is based on the thermoelectric effect, which is also known as the Seebeck effect.
Industrie 4.0
Authors: Pick Michael , Kleßen Marcel , Bergner Ute
Published: November 2018

Industry 4.0 – Challenges for constructions of vacuum systems

Vacuum systems are finding their way into branches and belonging modern process chains which were hardly in contact with UHV technology in the past. Besides an automatic operation and a flawless processing of parts, vacuum systems and their peripheral devices have to feature options for data output and analysis for subsequent processing in e.g. MES to come up with Industry 4.0 requirements. Subcomponents in vacuum technology partly comply with these requirements in a insufficient way because of their unchanged demands over the last decades. This makes integration into an automatic system more difficult. Despite of that, Industry 4.0 compliant vacuum systems are already producible when there's access to high‐level experiences in vacuum and automation technology. This is shown by the examples of residual gas analysis and cleanliness measurement systems and the vacuum bake out oven. A cooperation of vacuum system manufacturers and manufacturers of components is necessary in the future to be able to produce automated vacuum systems in a more efficient way.
Electrospun Li(TFSI)@Polyethylene Oxide Membranes as Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Walke Patrick , Freitag Katharina M. , Kirchhain Holger , Kaiser Matthias , van Wüllen Leo , Nilges Tom
Published: November 2018

Thin membranes of lithium‐bis(trifluoromethan)sulfonimide@poly (ethylene oxide) (or Li(TFSI)@PEO) were fabricated by electrospinning from acetonitrile solutions of the starting materials at room temperature. Membranes were tested with and without succinonitrile (SN), acting as a plasticizer to enhance the ion mobility in the systems. Our experiments substantiate, that SN does influence the electrochemical performance and physical properties of the membranes. Homogeneous amorphous membranes were only realized for SN‐containing samples, while phase segregation and crystallization occurred for SN‐free representatives. Membranes of different compositions were tested and the optimum molar mixture of PEO:SN:Li(TFSI), in terms of membrane conductivity, was identified as 36:8:1. Conductivities up to up to 2.8 × 10–4 S·cm–1 were determined by impedance spectroscopy for this membrane. Used as solid electrolytes without the aid of any additional electrolyte in symmetric Li vs. Li cells, a reasonable stability upon Li cycling could be observed. Here we illustrate that electrospun plasticizer‐modified Li(TFSI)@PEO membranes show high conductivities at very low conductive salt concentrations, compared with solution casted or hot pressed representatives. This feature renders these materials as potential candidates for separators in all solid‐state batteries or related energy storage applications.
Bismuth(III) based Metal Organic Frameworks: Luminescence, Gas Adsorption, and Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Iram Shamaila , Imran Muhammad , Kanwal Farah , Iqbal Zafar , Deeba Farah , Iqbal Qazi Javed
Published: November 2018

BiIII‐MOFs 1–4 were prepared via solvothermal method using four organic linkers; 2‐mercapto‐3‐methyl‐4‐thiazoleacetic acid (H2MMTA), 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6‐NDA), 4,6‐dihydroxy‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine (H2DMP), and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (H2MBA), respectively. The resulting MOFs were structurally/morphologically characterized by UV/Vis, AAS/ICP‐MS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), 1H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X‐ray diffraction technique. All these MOFs showed good luminescence properties exhibiting blue luminescence. N2 gas adsorption isotherms of 1–4 confirmed the porosity of these frameworks. In order to evaluate the effect of metal ion upon chelation, the free organic linkers and respective MOFs were screened for their antibacterial potential against some pathogenic bacteria and appreciable activity was observed.
Synthesis and Structures of RhI and IrI Complexes Supported by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Phosphinidene Adducts
Authors: Doddi Adinarayana , Bockfeld Dirk , Tamm Matthias
Published: November 2018

N‐Heterocyclic carbene‐phosphinidene adducts of the type (IDipp)PR [R = Ph (5), SiMe3 (6); IDipp = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene] were used as ligands for the preparation of rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes. Treatment of (IDipp)PPh (5) with the dimeric complexes [M(μ‐Cl)(COD)]2 (M = Rh, Ir; COD = 1,5‐cyclcooctadiene) afforded the corresponding metal(I) complexes [M(COD)Cl{(IDipp)PPh}] [M = Rh (7) or Ir (8)] in moderate to good yields. The reaction of (IDipp)PSiMe3 (6) with [Ir(μ‐Cl)(COD)]2 did not yield trimethylsilyl chloride elimination product, but furnished the 1:1 complex, [Ir(COD)Cl{(IDipp)PSiMe3}] (9). Additionally, the rhodium‐COD complex 7 was converted into the corresponding rhodium‐carbonyl complex [Rh(CO)2Cl{(IDipp)PPh}] (10) by reaction with an excess of carbon monoxide gas. All complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, microanalyses, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Anastomotic Leakage After Stoma Reversal Combined with Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Baastrup Niklas N. , Hartwig Morten F. S. , Krarup Peter‐Martin , Jorgensen Lars N. , Jensen Kristian K.
Published: November 2018

Background

Stoma reversal in patients with an incisional hernia represents a clinical dilemma, as it remains unknown whether hernia repair should be concomitantly employed. We aimed at examining postoperative complications and mortality in patients undergoing stoma reversal with or without concomitant hernia repair.

Methods

This study included all patients subjected to stoma reversal between 2010 and 2016 at our institution. Patients were grouped according to conductance of concomitant incisional hernia repair or not. The primary outcome was anastomotic leak (AL). Secondary outcomes were surgical site occurrences (SSO), overall surgical complications, 90‐day mortality and overall survival.

Results

In total, 142 patients were included of whom 18 (13%) underwent concomitant hernia repair. The incidence of AL was significantly higher in patients subjected to concomitant hernia repair (four out of 18 [22.2%]) compared with patients undergoing stoma reversal alone (three out of 124 [2.4%], P = 0.002). Additional variables associated with AL were duration of surgery (P < 0.001) and ischemic heart disease (P = 0.039). Twenty‐two patients (15.5%) developed a SSO: eight (44.4%) in the hernia repair group and 14 (11.3%) in the non‐hernia repair group (P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, concomitant hernia repair remained significantly associated with development of postoperative complications (OR = 5.92, 95% CI = 1.54–25.96, P = 0.012).

Conclusions

Compared with stoma reversal alone, incisional hernia repair concomitant with stoma reversal was associated with a higher incidence of AL and other complications.
Acromion Compromise Does Not Significantly Affect Clinical Outcomes after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Werner Brian C. , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Dines Joshua S. , Dines David M. , Warren Russell F. , Craig Edward V. , Taylor Samuel A.
Published: November 2018

Background

The effect of a pre-operative compromised acromion on reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is not well-studied.

Purposes/Questions

We sought to determine the effect of a pre-operative compromised acromion on outcomes following RSA.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case-control study of consecutive patients who underwent RSA over a 6-year period (June 2007 to June 2013) with a diagnosis of rotator cuff tear arthropathy. Pre-operative plain radiographs were examined to determine the presence of acromion compromise ( n = 11). Acromion compromise was defined as (1) less than 25% of the normal acromion thickness (8.8 mm), (2) less than 50% of the normal acromion anteroposterior width (46.1 mm), (3) presence of an os acromiale, or (4) presence of acromial fragmentation. An age- and sex-matched control cohort without acromial compromise was also identified ( n = 33). The primary outcome variable was the final minimum 2-year American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Secondary outcomes included final minimum 2-year scores on the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), with the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS); 2-year Marx shoulder activity scale scores; and final 2-year satisfaction scores.

Results

At 2 years post-operatively, there were no significant differences in final scores using ASES, SF-12 PCS or MCS, or Marx shoulder activity scale. There were no significant differences between groups for satisfaction scores in any of the assessed domains. No complications were reported at 2 years’ follow-up in any of the study patients or controls.

Conclusions

Between patients with and without pre-operative acromion compromise, there were no differences in clinical outcomes, satisfaction levels, or complication rates after RSA. Our findings suggest that surgeons performing RSA in the setting of pre-operative acromion compromise, including os acromiale, acromial fragmentation, or severe thinning, should not expect poor post-operative clinical outcomes.
Neurocognition and functional outcome in patients with psychotic, non-psychotic bipolar I disorder, and schizophrenia. A five-year follow-up
Authors: Jiménez-López Estela , Sánchez-Morla Eva María , López-Villarreal Ana , Aparicio Ana Isabel , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Vieta Eduard , Rodriguez-Jimenez Roberto , Santos José Luis
Published: November 2018

Background:

Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized by neurocognitive and functional deficits with marked heterogeneity. It has been suggested that BD with a history of psychotic symptoms (BD-P) could constitute a phenotypically homogeneous subtype characterized by greater neurocognitive and functional impairments, or by a distinct trajectory of such deficits. The aim of this study was to compare the neurocognitive and functional course of euthymic BD-P, euthymic BD patients without a history of psychosis (BD-NP), stabilized patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects, during a five-year follow-up.

Methods:

Neurocognitive and psychosocial function was examined in 100 euthymic patients with BD (50 BD-P, 50 BD-NP), 50 stabilized patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and 51 healthy controls (HC) at baseline (T1), and after a 5-year follow-up (T2).

Results:

The course of both neurocognitive performance and functional outcome of patients with SZ and BD (BD-P and BD-NP) is stable. The profile of neurocognitive impairment of patients with SZ or BD (BD-P and BD-NP), is similar, with only quantitative differences circumscribed to certain domains, such as working memory. The subgroup of patients with BD-NP does not show functional deterioration.

Conclusions:

We have not found evidence of progression in the neurocognitive or psychosocial impairment in any of the three groups of patients, although it cannot be dismissed the possibility of a subset of patients with a progressive course. Other longitudinal studies with larger samples and longer duration are necessary to confirm these findings.
Editorial
Authors: Barrett Steve
Published: November 2018

Daimler has been lagging behind the likes of Hyundai, Toyota, and Honda in getting its latest-generation fuel cell electric vehicle on the road, but the recent handover of the first Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL premium SUVs to customers has been worth the wait, as we report on page 1 of this issue…
Populism in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kenny Paul D.
Published: November 2018

This Element is organized around two questions: what does populism mean in the context of Southeast Asia? And what are the causes of populist success in the region? Populism is conceived of as political strategy through which charismatic leaders establish unmediated links with otherwise unattached mass constituencies in their quest to gain and retain power. Having identified all of the cases of populism in Southeast Asia's democracies, the main argument put forward is that populist mobilization thrives in the region because parties are so weak. This weakness is in turn caused by institutional and political economic factors.
“Our lab is the community”: Defining essential supporting infrastructure in engagement research
Authors: Nease Donald E. , Burton Dee , Cutrona Sarah L. , Edmundson Lauren , Krist Alex H. , Laws Michael Barton , Tamez Montelle
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Effective patient engagement is central to patient-centered outcomes research. A well-designed infrastructure supports and facilitates patient engagement, enabling study development and implementation. We sought to understand infrastructure needs from recipients of Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) pilot grant awards.

Methods

We surveyed recipients of PCORI pilot project awards on self-perceived strengths in engagement infrastructure through PCORI’s Ways of Engaging-Engagement Activity Tool survey, and interviewed leaders of 8 projects who volunteered as exemplars. Descriptive statistics summarized the survey findings. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts.

Results

Of the 50 surveyed pilots, 22 answered the engagement infrastructure questions (44% response rate). Survey and interview findings emphasized the importance of committed institutional leadership, ongoing relationships with stakeholder organizations, and infrastructure funding through Clinical and Translational Science Awards, PCORI, and institutional discretionary funds.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of and how to improve upon existing institutional infrastructure.
The Angolan Pandemic Rapid Response Team: An Assessment, Improvement, and Development Analysis of the First Self-sufficient African National Response Team Curriculum
Authors: Owens Michael D. , Rice Jason
Published: November 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess, through participant self-assessment, the effectiveness of a rapid response team curriculum based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Ebola Virus Disease Consolidated Preparedness Checklist, Revision 1.

Methods

A pre-and-post survey for the purpose of process improvement assessment involving 44 individuals was conducted in Angola. The survey was conducted before and after a 6-day training workshop held in Luanda, Angola, in December 2017. A paired t-test was used to identify any significant change on six 7-point Likert scale questions with α <.05 (95% CI).

Results

Two of the 6 questions, “I feel confident the team can effectively work together to accomplish its assigned goals and objectives during a suspected contagious hemorrhagic fever disease outbreak” and “I understand basic pandemic response concepts” changed significantly from the presurvey to the postsurvey. The 4 remaining questions had near statistical significant change or an upward trend.

Conclusion

This Angolan rapid response team training curriculum based on WHO guidelines, After Action Reports, and internationally accepted standard operating procedures provides the nation of Angola with the confidence to rapidly respond at the national level to a highly infectious contagion in the region. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:577-581)