bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Aucun attribut universel n’est une substance »
Authors: Gazziero Leone
Published: March 2020

Y a-t-il des Idées et peut-on démontrer qu’elles existent ? Parmi les protagonistes anciens de la controverse qui a opposé partisans et adversaires des Idées, Aristote mérite une attention toute particulière. De fait, si – au moment où Aristote intervient dans le débat autour de l’hypothèse des Idées – ce débat a déjà une histoire, c’est avec lui que cette histoire atteint une maturité qui est à la fois d’ordre doctrinal et doxographique. De fait, non seulement Aristote est le premier à avoir défini certaines au moins des propriétés de ce qui est et se dit en commun de plusieurs, mais encore a-t-il pris soin d’inscrire ces définitions dans la continuité de l’héritage socratique dont il s’est explicitement revendiqué tout en dénonçant sa dérive aux mains des successeurs de Socrate. L’objectif principal du cycle de conférences a été d’étudier les objections qu’Aristote a formulées à l’encontre des partisans des Idées en prenant comme fil conducteur la notion de substance que sa discussion des Formes platoniciennes tantôt présuppose, tantôt mobilise explicitement. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à une lecture détaillée d’un certain nombre de documents, tirés aussi bien de ses écrits d’école que des vestiges de ses traités perdus, où Aristote rejette la notion d’un universel substantiel (autant dire, en l’occurrence, séparé) et s’efforce de mettre à mal les arguments que ses partisans avançaient pour prouver son existence.
Patristique grecque et histoire des dogmes
Authors: Boulnois Marie-Odile
Published: March 2020

Les conférences du premier semestre ont été consacrées à la traduction et au commentaire de la suite du livre VIII du Contre Julien de Cyrille d’Alexandrie avec deux noyaux de recherche : des citations plotiniennes invoquées comme témoignage de la connaissance de l’Esprit saint par les philosophes, et le début d’un traité sur l’incarnation (ses raisons, ses modalités et son annonce par les prophètes).Au deuxième semestre, nous avons étudié l’histoire de l’exégèse de la bouchée de Judas (Jn 13, 26-30) d’Origène à Thomas d’Aquin. Le cours de Master a porté sur l’exégèse juive de l’apparition des trois hommes à Abraham à Mambré et examiné le problème de la nourriture des anges.
Histoire des philosophies et des théologies de l’Occident médiéval
Authors: Grellard Christophe
Published: March 2020

Les recherches ont été conduites dans deux directions cette année. En premier lieu, on s’est attaché au rôle d’un ensemble de théologiens (principalement franciscains et dominicains), actifs à Oxford entre 1323 et 1333, dans l’analyse du problème sceptique (entendu comme défi lancé à la possibilité de connaître). L’apport de ces théologiens consiste principalement à construire un lien entre scepticisme et solipsisme, et à mettre au jour un argument de type nouveau, l’argument du dieu trompeur. En second lieu, les recherches ont porté sur le statut de la religion chez Pierre Abélard (1079-1142), à travers la lecture de son ouvrage intitulé Collationes. Le débat imaginaire entre un philosophe païen, un juif et un chrétien permet de s’interroger sur les rapports entre la loi, la raison et l’amour dans la religion chrétienne.
Histoire des courants ésotériques dans l’Europe moderne et contemporaine
Authors: Brach Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2020

La première heure de notre séminaire a été consacrée à la suite de l’examen du texte de l’Euclide chrétien (1573) de Guillaume Postel d’après deux versions manuscrites latines inédites. En seconde heure, nous avons débuté l’étude des théories et pratiques concernant le « Double » ou « corps astral », dans le contexte des courants ésotériques occidentaux renaissants et contemporains.
La traduction princeps de l’Explication sur le temple divin de Syméon de Thessalonique par Pontanus en 1603
Authors: Garnier Sébastien
Published: March 2020

Dans notre série de conférences pour l’année 2016-2017, il s’est agi d’approfondir et d’étudier les conditions qui ont permis à l’œuvre de Syméon de Thessalonique d’être lue, éditée et traduite en Occident avant l’édition Dosithée.
Histoire et traditions des christianismes orientaux
Authors: Jullien Florence
Published: March 2020

Cette année, pour l’atelier de traduction et de commentaire, le choix s’est porté sur une nouvelle chronique particulièrement intéressante pour la période sassanide tardive : la Chronique du Huzistan. Elle est venue apporter un éclairage important comme source documentaire pour la deuxième partie de cours portant sur une histoire du monachisme dans le golfe Persique (dans le prolongement de l’enseignement délivré l’an dernier), précisément aux vie-viie siècles.
Archéologie religieuse du monde byzantin et arts chrétiens d’Orient
Authors: Jolivet-Lévy Catherine
Published: March 2020

Outre quelques séances consacrées à l’archéologie et à l’iconographie cappadociennes, les conférences de cette année ont porté sur le thème suivant :« Au seuil du sacré : les portes et leur décor dans l’architecture religieuse du monde byzantin et de l’Orient chrétien ».
Les intellectuels dans le monde russe, xixe-xxe siècles
Authors: Astafieva Elena
Published: March 2020

L’objectif général de ce séminaire est de s’interroger sur la place des intellectuels, laïques et religieux, dans l’espace russe aux xixe-xxesiècles. Pendant l’année 2007-2008, nous avons étudié la première moitié du xixe siècle, en mettant l’accent sur le corpus de sources, la méthodologie et l’historiographie relatives au sujet traité dans la séance. Au cours de la deuxième année, 2008-2009, le séminaire a été centré sur la seconde moitié du xixe siècle.
Le politique entre vie et mort
Authors: Revault d’Allonnes Myriam
Published: March 2020

Le séminaire de l’année 2008-2009 a poursuivi les recherches menées sur le thème de la « problématicité », déjà engagées l’année précédente dans l’analyse des Essais hérétiques sur la philosophie de l’histoire de Patocka. Sur cette base, ont été abordées la question des modes de subjectivation que nous entretenons avec l’existence démocratique et celle des régimes de croyance liés à cette manière de vivre ensemble. Ce qui a conduit à reprendre et à réactualiser la question de la servitude volontaire à la lumière d’un certain nombre d’éléments liés à la compréhension du monde contemporain et plus particulièrement du vivre-ensemble démocratique. Trois perspectives ont été ainsi abordées : la question de la « servitude volontaire », celle de la « croyance » chez Max Weber et celle des « modes de subjectivation » chez Michel Foucault.
Introduction aux doctrines ésotériques de l’islam
Authors: Mir-Kasimov Orkhan
Published: March 2020

Les conférences de cette année portaient sur les approches de l’anthropomorphisme développées au sein de différents courants philosophiques et mystiques musulmans.
Origines du christianisme
Authors: Mimouni Simon C.
Published: March 2020

Cette année a été poursuivi le programme de recherche sur « l’histoire de la communautés chrétienne/nazoréenne de Jérusalem des origines à 135 », commencé en 2005-2006.
Christianisme orthodoxe
Authors: Kontouma Vassa
Published: March 2020

En 2009-2010, le séminaire s’est articulé autour de trois thématiques bien distinctes, qui ont chacune occupé un trimestre.
Histoire des théologies chrétiennes dans l’Occident médiéval
Authors: de Libera Alain
Published: March 2020

Prolongeant les recherches de l’année 2008-2009 sur les « modèles de la psychê », la première partie du séminaire a été consacrée à la Querelle d’Utrecht (1641-1645) – une entrée privilégiée dans l’archéologie du sujet et de la subjectivité, notamment pour ce qui est du rôle de Descartes dans la naissance du sujet moderne, d’une part et, d’autre part, un document majeur sur la relation du cartésianisme à la scolastique médiévale et à la « Seconde scolastique ». Il y va, de fait, de deux questions fondamentales : 1. Qu’est-ce qu’un homme ? 2. Le corps est-il le sujet de l’esprit ? La deuxième partie des conférences a été consacrée à l’étude de problèmes de sémantique et de philosophie du langage transmis dans des sophismata logicalia du xiiie siècle.
Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy as a method to prevent recurrent lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Akhlaghpoor Shahram
Published: March 2020

Fibrin sealant as a promising agent for providing scaffold and efficient hemostasis is widely accepted in several specialties. However, the outcome of Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy has not been evaluated in patients with disc herniation.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, response, and probability of future recurrence rate in herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with the use of fibrin sealant in conjunction with endoscopic disc surgery.

A total of 35 patients (28 men, 7women), including 18 patients who underwent endoscopic discectomy alone and 17 patients that received fibrin sealant at the site of annulus tear and endoscopic discectomy. All patients were followed clinically and by imaging for an average of 10.5 months. Primary outcome measure was defined as lumbar decompression approved by imaging and symptom alleviation after endoscopic spinal discectomy with VAS score ≤ 4 (cut-off point).  Median size of annular tearing was significantly lower in the endoscopic discectomy group (median, 3) (minimum, 2; maximum, 5); however, the corresponding factor in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group was significantly larger (median, 6) (minimum, 5; maximum, 10), with P <0.001. Only one patient in the endoscopic discectomy group had an HNP recurrence during follow-up compared to two patients in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group. Owing to the temporary effects of fibrin sealant in preventing disc herniation and the nearly same observed recurrence rate in both the case and control groups, the results of this study might suggest the role of fibrin sealants combined with endoscopic discectomy to prevent early HNP recurrence rate.
Sport medicine and safety at work
Authors: Gigliotti Paola V. , Piratinskij Alexander , Foued Saadsaoud , Diemberger Igor , Rasheed Rezhna Adil , Fanò-Illic Giorgio , Coscia Francesco
Published: March 2020

As humans become more and more sedentary, physical capacities also become lost along with aerobic fitness, muscular strength, coordination, and action-reaction time. This situation can lead to not only absence from work (back pain is the most common reason in European Union (EU), but especially, workplace accidents. In this article, we want to combine our experience with exercise physiology and physical capacities with our medical work in a critical environment. We tested over ten years, the fitness profile of 1200 Italian Alpine Soldiers, and gave them a scientific training program. We obtained a trained and homogeneous team (homogeneous, in terms of aerobic and anaerobic fitness). Here, we detail changes to aerobic and anaerobic fitness resulting because of soldiers’ participation in a training program. We consider this method necessary for safe work in a critical environment.
INTRODUZIONE
Authors: Violante Luciano
Published: March 2020

La storia delle istituzioni repubblicane è caratterizzata da profonde fratture, a partire dalla nascita della Repubblica. Il regime democratico nasce e si afferma sulla base di tre radicali discontinuità.

La prima fu la guerra di Liberazione dal nazismo e dal fascismo che fu anche guerra tra italiani. La seconda fu il referendum tra monarchia e repubblica, che mise fine alla dinastia sabauda. La terza frattura nacque dalla prima decisione della Corte Costituzionale, che, respingendo le istanze dell’Avvocatura dello Stato, intervenuta in difesa dell’art.113 TULPS, affermò la propria competenza a giudicare della conformità alla Costituzione di tutte le leggi, comprese quelle precedenti alla sua istituzione, riconfermando la felice frattura tra fascismo e Repubblica. Negli anni successivi, il paese è stato colpito da undici stragi politiche, due opposti terrorismi con 460 uccisi in quindici anni (1969-1984), due stragi di mafia, tre tentativi di rovesciamento violento del governo, l’omicidio di un uomo di Stato, di 24 magistrati e di 11 giornalisti. A queste tragedie possono aggiungersi l’autodistruzione di una classe politica dirigente incapace di assumersi le proprie responsabilità in seguito alle vicende di Tangentopoli, il processo di crescente denigrazione [Continua]
LA CIVILIZZAZIONE. L’ESPANSIONE DEI DIRITTI NEGLI ANNI ‘60 E ‘70
Authors: Repetto Giorgio
Published: March 2020

Sia nell'attività legislativa che nelle decisioni giudiziarie relative alla valorizzazione dei diritti fondamentali, gli anni 1960-1979 coincidono con una fase di grandi innovazioni. Nonostante le fragili maggioranze parlamentari, in quel periodo vengono emanate una lunga serie di disposizioni legislative di ampio respiro nel campo delle libertà civili e dei diritti sociali: lavoratori, donne, malati mentali e altre minoranze trascurate godono di diritti individuali e beneficiano dell'istituzione di un assetto istituzionale più coerente dei servizi pubblici in molti settori. Il saggio indaga queste evoluzioni muovendo dall'analisi di cinque diversi cluster di diritti (lavoratori, famiglia, procedura penale, diritto alla salute e riforme settoriali) e cerca di evidenziare sia le luci che le ombre di tale processo di riforma.
RAGIONANDO SUL TRATTATO DI MAASTRICHT COME MOMENTO DI “FRATTURA”: PROCESSO DI INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA E TRASFORMAZIONI DEL SISTEMA ECONOMICO
Authors: Saitto Francesco
Published: March 2020

L'articolo esamina il Trattato di Maastricht in una prospettiva storica e comparativa, concentrandosi sulle sue implicazioni economiche e costituzionali. Il Trattato di Maastricht viene quindi contestualizzato in un processo storico, evidenziando i tentativi dello Stato costituzionale europeo di affrontare la crisi del cosiddetto "liberalismo incorporato" dopo la caduta di Bretton Woods. Questo processo ha avuto significativi contraccolpi economici e politici in tutto il mondo. In Europa, gli anni Settanta sono stati caratterizzati da un'elevata instabilità economica, soprattutto in considerazione del sistema monetario e del crescente debito pubblico. Da allora è nata l'esigenza di una nuova forma di radicamento democratico del capitalismo, con l'obiettivo di creare un nuovo equilibrio tra capitalismo e democrazia. Sebbene pieno di contraddizioni, il Trattato di Maastricht rappresentava un tentativo di far fronte a questo mutevole ordine mondiale economico e politico. In quel periodo il sistema politico italiano si trovava a fronteggiare un'insopportabile instabilità economica e il Trattato di Maastricht rappresentava un'opportunità per favorire una riforma del sistema politico ed economico "dall'esterno" attraverso un "vincolo esterno", come lo definì Guido Carli. Non era la prima volta nella storia italiana. Un nuovo processo è iniziato e, pieno di contraddizioni e inadeguatezze, è ancora in corso.
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Beretta Silvio
Published: March 2020

Non disponibile.
LUCIANO MARTINI: UNA PERSONALITÃ€ POLIEDRICA
Authors: Motta Marcella
Published: March 2020

An internationally acclaimed authority in the field of Endocrinology and in particular of Neuroendocrinology, a brilliant and imaginative scientist, an intense and intellectual man, an illuminated and open mentor. These few words outline the profile of professor Luciano Martini. Luciano Martini created the first scientific group devoted only to experimental endocrinology which year after year grew up in number and visibility, became well recognised internationally and contributed to the development of new lines of research mainly in the field of neuroendocrinology, oncological endocrinology, physiology of reproduction, steroids and energetic metabolism.
THE PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL ROLES OF ANDROGENS IN MOTONEURONS
Authors: Poletti Angelo
Published: March 2020

The androgen receptor has been purified in the â€˜70s and cloned in the â€˜80s. It is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily and mediated the most important effects of androgen in androgen dependent or sensitive tissues. Several physiological function of the brain are differentially controlled in the two sexes and androgens play specific role in the processes of sexual differentiation and it is involved in the maintenance of male sex behaviour in adulthood. When mutated, the androgen receptor may impact on many of these androgen-regulated activities because of a loss of androgenic function in target cells. However, in the case of a peculiar type of mutation, the elongation of the polyglutamine tract normally present in its N-terminus, the androgen receptor becomes neurotoxic and induces cells death of a number of motoneurons in the spinal cord, which express very high level of this protein. Here, we will briefly discuss the most important actions of androgen receptor-mediated androgen activity in the brain and the mechanisms by which the mutant androgen receptor may lead to neurodegeneration in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA).
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY: DIFFERENT ROLES FOR THE HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONE GnRH
Authors: Limonta Patrizia , Motta Marcella , Moretti Roberta M. , Marzagalli Monica , Fontana Fabrizio , Raimondi Michela , Marelli Marina Montagnani
Published: March 2020

The decapeptide GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), whose amino acidic sequence was discovered by Dr. A.V. Schally, was initially identified as the key hypothalamic hormone involved in the control of reproductive functions. GnRH, by binding to specific receptors (GnRH-R) at the pituitary level, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the two gonadotropins (LH, luteinizing hormone and FSH, follicle stimulating hormone) and the downstream production of steroid hormones at the gonadal level. At present, these receptors represent the molecular targets of the standard pharmacological treatments for hormone-related tumors, such as androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Actually, chronic administration of synthetic GnRH agonists induces the desensitization of pituitary receptors and, subsequently, the suppression of testicular androgen production. The physiological role of GnRH in reproductive functions, and its regulation, represented a very important line of research for professor Martini and His colleagues. In the last three decades it has become increasingly clear that GnRH-R are expressed also in a wide range of tumors, both related and unrelated to the reproductive system; in particular GnRH-R are expressed in prostate cancers after development of resistance to androgen ablation therapy (castration resistant prostate cancer, CRPC), a tumor known to be refractory to standard chemotherapy. Activation of these receptors by means of GnRH agonists is associated with a significant antiproliferative/antimetastatic/antiangiogenic activity. These different biological effects at pituitary vs. prostate tissues are related to specific intracellular signal transduction pathways. Based on these observations, tumor GnRH-R are presently considered an effective molecular target for novel therapies (â€˜targetedâ€™ therapies). In particular, GnRH-based bioconjugates, in which a standard cytotoxic drug is linked to a GnRH analog, have been developed. The rationale for this â€˜targetedâ€™ therapy is that the GnRH analog behaves as the targeting moiety by binding to GnRH-R in tumors, thus specifically delivering (targeting) the cytotoxic drug to tumor cells. At the level of tumor cells, the bioconjugate is internalized and degraded at the lysosomal level; in this way the anticancer drug is specifically released into the tumor cells to exert its cytotoxic effects, while sparing normal cells. In conclusion, GnRH-R are expressed not only at the pituitary level but also in a wide range of tumor tissues; these receptors are at present under investigation as an effective molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
A WALK THROUGH LUCIANOâ€™S ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS AND THE ROAD TO A NOVEL UNDERSTANDING OF SEX STEROID PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: Labrie Fernand
Published: March 2020

Luciano Martini has been an internationally renowned endocrinologist and a remarkable ambassador of Italian endocrinology through the world. He brought important experimental contributions in support of the new science of intracrinology. After the menopause, the secretion of estrogens stops while serum DHEA attains its lowest values. Estrogens and androgens are produced intra cellularly from the small residual amounts of DHEA. They act within the cells and are released only after inactivation, thus avoiding stimulation of the endometrium and possible actions in other tissues. In three independent 12-week prospective, randomized, double- blind and placebo-controlled clinical studies, it was shown that intravaginal administration of DHEA (prasterone) improves the severity score of the most bothersome symptom of the menopause such as vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. Most importantly, all serum sex steroids remained within normal values, thus explaining the absence of systemic effects. In conclusion, the lack of DHEA availability, not the lack of estrogens, is the main cause of the symptoms of menopause and this notion should guide the therapeutic strategy.
LO STORICO
Authors: Piva Flavio
Published: March 2020

Professor Martini and I shared an interest in the history of the 20th century, with particular regard to the birth and development of Fascism and Nazism; we learned to swap books on this topic. When the occasion came up, we combined congress trips with visits to places that allowed us to deepen our historical knowledge.
LUCIANO MARTINI SCRITTORE
Authors: Massa Renato
Published: March 2020

Luciano Martini was an intelligent and accurate many-sided person who could have played, in his lifetime, many different professional roles and in fact left on this world clear footsteps of his versatility. In this short paper I am referring just to his literary activity. His main literary piece of work is an essay book dedicated to the figure of Geo Chavez, a young man who became interested to the first aircrafts that in fact had an extraordinary time of interest in France, at the beginning of the twentieth century. Chavez was due to be the first to succeed to cross the Alps by the aerial mean, although he unfortunately precipitated and lost his life at his arrival in Domodossola, on September 1910. I believe that the choice of Martini to tell this heroic and tragic story was due to a deep personal evaluation and to a strong affinity of civil and ethical values. Among the various subjects treated in this book, I wish to point out the cause of the fatal fall that took the life of the young Chavez. This cause was never fully understood since 1910, that is through a entire century but it is accurately discussed by Martini by means of a rational and passional approach worthy of a master who defends the memory of a young pupil lost while being in service. Martini resolutely refuses to believe that the fall of the aircraft might have been due to a human mistake in the maneuver of landing. He believes that the young Chavez was a pilot experienced enough to avoid such an elementary mistake. He is sure and does demonstrate that much more realistic is the hypothesis of a structural collapse of the aircraft itself. Therefore, Chavez fall was comparable to that of Icarus that accomplished his promised flight but finally precipitated due to the wax fusion of his wings. The fact that his fall happened just in the lowest ten meters of altitude was neither a reason of consolation nor of salvation.
IL DIDATTA
Authors: Magnaghi Valerio
Published: March 2020

Ars longa, vita brevis... Hippocrates of Kos, the medical doctor, taught us the importance of the study, which comes to terms with the transience of time. The life of prof. Luciano Martini was a perfect combination of study, science and art, values that over time he has instilled in many of us.
TESTIMONIANZE
Authors: Vita Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

Non disponibile.
TESTIMONIANZE
Authors: Vitale Maurizio
Published: March 2020

Non disponibile.
TESTIMONIANZE
Authors: Dionigi Renzo
Published: March 2020

Non disponibile.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Mathias A.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Convex integration and phenomenologies in turbulence
Authors: Buckmaster Tristan , Vicol Vlad
Published: March 2020

In this review article we discuss a number of recent results concerning
wild
weak solutions of the incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. These results build on the groundbreaking works of De Lellis and Székelyhidi Jr., who extended Nash’s fundamental ideas on

C^1

flexible isometric embeddings, into the realm of fluid dynamics. These techniques, which go under the umbrella name
convex integration
, have fundamental analogies with the phenomenological theories of hydrodynamic turbulence [51,54,55,200]. Mathematical problems arising in turbulence(such as the Onsager conjecture) have not only sparked new interest in convex integration, but certain experimentally observed features of turbulent flows (such as intermittency) have also informed new convex integration constructions.

First, we give an elementary construction of nonconservative

C^{0+}_{x,t}

weak solutions of the Euler equations, first proven by De Lellis–Székelyhidi Jr. [52,53]. Second, we present Isett’s [108] recent resolution of the flexible side of the Onsager conjecture. Here, we in fact follow the joint work [21] of De Lellis–Székelyhidi Jr. and the authors of this paper, in which weak solutions of the Euler equations in the regularity class

C^{1/3-}_{x,t}

are constructed, attaining any energy profile. Third, we give a concise proof of the authors’ recent result [23], which proves the existence of infinitely many weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes in the regularity class

C^0_t L^{2+}_x \cap C^0_t W^{1,1+}_x

. We conclude the article by mentioning a number of open problems at the intersection of convex integration and hydrodynamic turbulence.
Susceptibility of 304 Stainless Steel to Crevice Corrosion in Electrochemically Active Fluids
Authors: Kamaraj Abinaya , Erning Johann Wilhelm
Published: March 2020

The susceptibility of Type 304 stainless steel (SS) to crevice corrosion upon contacting with electrochemically active fluids was investigated using exposure tests and stepwise potentiostatic polarization. Crevice materials made of 304 SS and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were focused on in this study. The combined influence of oxidant and chloride concentration on crevice corrosion was examined in detail in the two types of crevice combinations (304 SS-to-PEEK and 304 SS-to-304 SS). The 304 SS specimens were strongly susceptible to crevice corrosion when coupled with 304 SS. Even at a low concentration of 5 mg/L free chlorine and 150 mg/L chloride, which is below nominal dilutions in beverage industries, the examined specimens underwent crevice corrosion in both crevices. The effect of water composition on crevice corrosion was also studied, indicating high susceptibility of 304 SS to crevice corrosion in low pH (pH ≤ 5) solutions. The corroded surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray, and confocal microscope.
Philippines
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: March 2020

Selected Issues
Myanmar
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: March 2020

A technical assistance (TA) mission on external sector statistics (ESS) was conducted for the Central Bank of Myanmar (CBM) in Nay Pyi Taw during June 3–5, 2019, as part of the Project on the Improvement of ESS in the Asia–Pacific region. The Project is funded by the Government of Japan; managed by the IMF’s Statistics Department (STA); and implemented by the IMF Capacity Development Office in Thailand (CDOT). The work on verifying reasonable size of coverage adjustments for Myanmar’s imports was addressed during the mission, using bilateral trade data from Thailand and China. Under conservative scenario (i.e., excluding trade through land border check points which potentially involves exports from Thailand and China going through Myanmar onward to the final destination countries), the analysis suggested that Myanmar’s 2018 imports are under-reported by approximately 1.9 billion USD for Myanmar’s imports from Thailand (total discrepancies are 2.0 billion USD), and another 1.9 billion USD for Myanmar’s imports from China (total discrepancies are 4.3 billion USD).1
Myanmar
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: March 2020

A technical assistance (TA) mission on external sector statistics (ESS) was conducted for the Directorate of Investment and Company Administration of Myanmar (DICA) in Yangon during April 10–12, 2019. This was the sixth mission under the Project on the Improvement of ESS in the Asia–Pacific region. The Project is funded by the Government of Japan; managed by the IMF Statistics Department (STA); and implemented by the IMF Capacity Development Office in Thailand (CDOT). Intensive hands-on training provided to the DICA through peripatetic TA missions have effectively contributed to building up capacity for DICA compilers, which have gradually materialized and translated into successful FDI surveys (FDIS) conducted last year. Data coverage has significantly improved through inclusion of foreign direct investment (FDI) in oil and gas sector, which is one of the largest FDI recipients for Myanmar. Moreover, the DICA also compiles quarterly FDI flows and positions; and submits to the Central Bank of Myanmar (CBM) on a regular basis to support the CBM’s compilation of the balance of payments and international investment position (IIP). The DICA also participates in the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS), with regular submission of data to the STA.
MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Ge Baozhu , Sato Keiichi , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Xuemei , Yamaji Kazuyo , Nagashima Tatsuya , Li Jie , Kajino Mizuo , Liao Hong , Zhang Meigen , Wang Zhe , Li Meng , Kurokawa Junichi , Carmichael Gregory R. , Wang Zifa
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia)
phase III was conducted to promote understanding of regional air quality and
climate change in Asia, which have received growing attention due to the
huge amount of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This study provides an
overview of acid deposition. Specifically, dry and wet deposition of the
following species was analyzed: S (sulfate aerosol, sulfur dioxide
(SO2), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)), N (nitrate aerosol,
nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric acid
(HNO3)), and A (ammonium aerosol and ammonia (NH3)). The wet
deposition simulated by a total of nine models was analyzed and evaluated
using ground observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in
East Asia (EANET). In the phase III study, the number of observation sites
was increased from 37 in the phase II study to 54, and southeast Asian
countries were newly added. Additionally, whereas the analysis period was
limited to representative months of each season in MICS-Asia phase II, the
phase III study analyzed the full year of 2010. The scope of this overview
mainly focuses on the annual accumulated deposition. In general, models can
capture the observed wet deposition over Asia but underestimate the wet
deposition of S and A, and show large differences in the wet deposition of N.
Furthermore, the ratio of wet deposition to the total deposition (the sum of
dry and wet deposition) was investigated in order to understand the role of
important processes in the total deposition. The general dominance of wet
deposition over Asia and attributions from dry deposition over land were
consistently found in all models. Then, total deposition maps over 13
countries participating in EANET were produced, and the balance between
deposition and anthropogenic emissions was calculated. Excesses of
deposition, rather than of anthropogenic emissions, were found over Japan,
northern Asia, and southeast Asia, indicating the possibility of long-range
transport within and outside of Asia, as well as other emission sources. To
improve the ability of models to capture the observed wet deposition, two
approaches were attempted, namely, ensemble and precipitation adjustment.
The ensemble approach was effective at modulating the differences in
performance among models, and the precipitation-adjusted approach
demonstrated that the model performance for precipitation played a key role
in better simulating wet deposition. Finally, the lessons learned from the
phase III study and future perspectives for phase IV are summarized.
New insights into Rossby wave packet properties in the extratropical UTLS using GNSS radio occultations
Authors: Pilch Kedzierski Robin , Matthes Katja , Bumke Karl
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The present study describes Rossby wave packet (RWP) properties in the upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere (UTLS) with the use of Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) measurements. This global study covering both hemisphere's extratropics is the first to tackle medium and synoptic-scale waves with GNSS-RO. We use one decade of GNSS-RO temperature and pressure data from the CHAMP, COSMIC, GRACE, Metop-A, Metop-B, SAC-C and TerraSAR-X missions; combining them into one gridded dataset for the years 2007–2016. Our approach to extract RWP anomalies and their envelope uses Fourier and Hilbert transforms over longitude without pre- or post-processing the data. Our study is purely based on observations, only using ERA-Interim winds to provide information about the background wind regimes. The RWP structures that we obtain in the UTLS agree well with theory and earlier studies, in terms of coherent phase/group propagation, zonal scale and distribution over latitudes. Furthermore, we show that RWP pressure anomalies maximize around the tropopause, while RWP temperature anomalies maximize right above tropopause height with a contrasting minimum right below. RWP activity follows the zonal-mean tropopause during all seasons. RWP anomalies in the lower stratosphere are dynamically coupled to the upper troposphere. They are part of the same system with a quasi-barotropic structure across the UTLS. RWP activity often reaches up to 20 km height and occasionally higher, defying the Charney–Drazin criterion. We note enhanced amplitude and upward propagation of RWP activity during sudden stratospheric warmings. We provide observational support for improvements in RWP diagnostics and wave trend analysis in models and reanalyses. Wave quantities follow the tropopause, and diagnosing them on fixed pressure levels (which the tropopause does not follow) can lead to aliasing. Our novel approach analysing GNSS-RO pressure anomalies provides wave signals with better continuity and coherence across the UTLS and the stratosphere, compared to temperature anomalies. Thus, RWP vertical propagation is much easier to analyse with pressure data.
Comparison of observed borehole temperatures in Antarctica with simulations using a forward model driven by climate model outputs covering the past millennium
Authors: Lyu Zhiqiang , Orsi Anais J. , Goosse Hugues
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The reconstructed surface temperature series from boreholes in Antarctica have significantly contributed to our understanding of centennial and multi-decadal temperature changes and thus provides us a good way to evaluate the climate model ability to reproduce low-frequency climate variability. However, up to now, there were no systematic model-data comparisons based on temperature from boreholes at regional or local scale in Antarctica. Here, we discuss two different ways to perform such a comparison using boreholes measurements and the corresponding reconstructions of surface temperature at West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), Larissa, Mill Island and Styx in Antarctica. The standard approach is to compare climate model outputs at the grid point closest to each site with the reconstructions in the time domain derived from the direct borehole temperature observations. Although some characteristics of the reconstructions, for instance the non-uniform smoothing, limit to some extent the model-data comparison, several robust features can be evaluated. In addition, a more direct model-data comparison based on the temperature measured in the boreholes is conducted using a forward model that simulates explicitly the subsurface temperature profiles when driven with climate model outputs. This comparison in the depth domain provides many consistent signals with those in the time domain, but also suggest some information that we cannot extract from the comparison in the time domain. The major results from these comparisons are used to define some metrics derived from the borehole temperature data for future model-data comparison, and demonstrate the spatial representativity of the sites chosen for the metrics. The long term cooling trend in West Antarctica from 1000 to 1600 CE (−1.0 °C) is generally reproduced by the models, but often with a weaker amplitude. The 19th century cooling in the Antarctic Peninsula (−0.94 °C) is not reproduced by any of the models, which tend to show warming instead. The trend over the last 50 years is generally well reproduced in West Antarctica and at Larissa (Antarctic Peninsula), but overestimated at other sites. The wide range of simulated trends indicates the importance of internal variability on the observed trends, and show the value of model-data comparison to investigate the response to forcings.
RainNet v1.0: a convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting
Authors: Ayzel Georgy , Scheffer Tobias , Heistermann Maik
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In this study, we present RainNet, a deep convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting. Its design was inspired by the U-Net and SegNet families of deep learning models which were originally designed for binary segmentation tasks. RainNet was trained to predict continuous precipitation intensities at a lead time of five minutes, using several years of quality-controlled weather radar composites provided by the German Weather Service (DWD). That data set covers Germany with a spatial domain of 900 by 900 km, and has a resolution of 1 km in space and 5 minutes in time. Independent verification experiments were carried out on eleven summer precipitation events from 2016 to 2017. In order to achieve a lead time of one hour, a recursive approach was implemented by using RainNet predictions at five minutes lead time as model input for longer lead times. In the verification experiments, trivial Eulerian persistence and a conventional model based on optical flow served as benchmarks. The latter is available in the rainymotion library, and had previously been shown to outperform DWD's operational nowcasting model for the same set of verification events. RainNet significantly outperforms the benchmark models at all lead times up to 60 minutes for the routine verification metrics Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Critical Success Index (CSI, at intensity thresholds of 0.125, 1, and 5 mm/h). Apart from its superiority in terms of MAE and CSI, an undesirable property of RainNet predictions is, however, the level of spatial smoothing. At a lead time of five minutes, an analysis of Power Spectral Density confirmed a significant loss of spectral power at length scales of 16 km and below. Obviously, RainNet had learned an optimal level of smoothing to produce a nowcast at 5 minutes lead time. In that sense, the loss of spectral power at small scales is informative, too, as it reflects the limits of predictability as a function of spatial scale. Beyond the lead time of five minutes, however, the increasing level of smoothing is a mere artifact -- an analogue to numerical diffusion -- that is not a property of RainNet itself, but of its recursive application. In the context of early warning, the smoothing is particularly unfavourable since pronounced features of intense precipitation tend to get lost over longer lead times. Hence, we propose several options to address this issue in prospective research, including an adjustment of the loss function for model training, model training for longer lead times, and the prediction of threshold exceedance in terms of a binary segmentation task. Furthermore, we suggest additional input data that could help to better identify situations with imminent precipitation dynamics. The model code, pretrained weights, and training data are provided in open repositories as an input to such future studies.
Person-Oriented Research Ethics and Dementia:The Lack of Consensus
Authors: Silva Olivia , Cascio M. Ariel , Racine Eric
Published: March 2020

Research ethics extends beyond obtaining initial approval from research ethics boards. The previously established person-oriented research ethics framework provides guidelines for understanding ongoing ethics throughout the tasks of a research project, in a variety of research contexts. It focuses primarily on the relational and experiential aspects of research ethics, organized around five guideposts: (1) focus on researcher-participant relationships; (2) respect for holistic personhood; (3) acknowledgment of lived world; (4) individualization; and (5) empowerment in decision-making. Given the widespread impact of dementia and the ethical challenges dementia research presents, conducting meaningful, ethical research is of high importance. This review explores this person-oriented framework in the context of dementia by examining existing literature on ethics practices in dementia research. We use a critical interpretive literature review to examine publications from 2013 to 2017 for content related to the five guideposts of person-oriented research ethics. While there is much literature addressing the relational and experiential aspects of research ethics, there is a lack of unanimous conclusions and concrete suggestions for implementation. We compiled practical recommendations from the literature, highlighting tensions and suggesting furthering evidence-based ethics research fieldwork to construct an accessible, easy-to-use set of guidelines for researchers that will assist in putting person-oriented research ethics into practice in dementia research.
Participants and Observations: Dementia and the Challenge for Anthropology
Authors: Kao Philip
Published: March 2020

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O Malandro Anda Assim de Viés...
Authors: Da Silva Daniel Marques
Published: March 2020

Resumo:

O artigo investiga o tipo do malandro e sua figuração na tradição popular brasileira, no teatro musicado carioca, na Música Popular Brasileira, tencionando afirmar que sua constituição no imaginário social do país é uma alternativa, talvez a única possível, de integração de boa parte de uma população de excluídos.

Palavras-chave: teatro popular brasileiro; personagem-tipo; tipo cômico; Malandro; malandragem.
Arte e Criação
Authors: Dawsey John Cowart
Published: March 2020

A seguir, tomando o deus grego Hermes como um guia, pretende-se explorar a ideia de que processos de criação podem envolver não apenas o deslocamento às margens, mas, ainda, um duplo deslocamento, às margens das margens. Essa ideia, que se inspira especialmente no pensamento de Walter Benjamin, também ilumina algumas das discussões mais interessantes da antropologia de Victor Turner. No mito da criação narrado no registro do trickster o não diz não a si mesmo.
ANÁLISE ESTRUTURAL DO RELEVO DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ E OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA - PLANALTO DAS ARAUCÁRIAS: PRIMEIRA APROXIMAÇÃO
Authors: Gomes de Lima Jacson Gosman , Biffi Vitor Hugo Rosa , Pontelli Marga Eliz
Published: March 2020

Realizou-se análise visual de imagens sombreadas (MDE) do relevo entre sudoeste do Paraná e oeste de Santa Catarina, de modo a identificar a influência da estrutura na distribuição do relevo regional. Tal análise partiu do reconhecimento de lineamentos positivos e negativos, indicando dois compartimentos mosfoestruturais. Esses apresentam relação com a distribuição de rochas efusiva ácidas e básicas no setor. Possivelmente, a existência desses compartimentos está atrelada às diferenças litoestruturais entre derrames ácidos e básicos, assim como à influência tectônica, pois os lineamentos negativos e positivos mapeados apresentam correlação com as zonas de falha da Bacia do Paraná, bem como as áreas mais dissecadas do relevo.
A MENSAGEM COMO UM SISTEMA DE REGISTROS ORGANIZADO POR REPRESENTAÇÕES QUE PROVOCAM RESPOSTAS AO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo Lopes , Salvi Rosana Figueiredo
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir os sistemas semióticos e seus registros de representação no ensino. Para tal, levou-se em consideração os estudos de Raymond Duval (1998) no desenvolvimento de um curso de formação continuada aplicado para 44 professores da Educação Básica. A pergunta-chave da pesquisa foi: há perda de referência no uso e reconhecimento de objetos de ensino e de seus registros de representação? As atividades de identificação, tratamento e conversão de registros semióticos foram aplicadas em nove grupos de docentes. As dificuldades manifestadas nos grupos de trabalho dos professores em formação foram: diversidade dos registros semióticos apresentados; diferenciação entre representante e representado ou forma e conteúdo de uma representação semiótica e coordenação entre os diferentes registros. Concluiu-se que não houve perda de referência entre objetos de ensino e seus registros, contudo, quando se põe em evidência a produção de mensagens e a geração de sentido e de construção de campos de significação, a resposta dos interpretantes a um texto, uma gravura, um desenho, uma fórmula, possivelmente se transforma em um outro texto, outro desenho, outra fórmula, como também pode vir a ser um outro sistema de representação, dado que se trata de significação.
ALTERAÇÕES DEMOGRÁFICAS NO ESPAÇO MONTANHOSO DOS CÁRPATOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE AS MONTANHAS APUSENI (ROMÊNIA), ENTRE 1850 E 2011
Authors: Mădălin-Sebastian Lung
Published: March 2020

Through this study we wanted to make an emphasis on demographic changes in the Apuseni Mountains, analysing the numerical evolution of the population. The period under consideration is between 1850 and 2011, and due to the high temporal gauge we decided to divide into six smaller periods. The necessary data were obtained from the consultation of population censuses and on the website of the National Institute of Statistics. Microsoft Excel 2013 was used to calculate the demographic growth and decrease values. After obtaining the values, they were processed through Geographic Information Systems (ArcGis 10.3 program), finally a series of maps were made. During the study, we found that demographic evolution was closely related to certain decisions, phenomena. Activities in the mining sector, administrative reforms and changing political regimes from socialist to capitalist were the main causes leading to demographic growth and decrease in the Apuseni Mountains from 1850-2011. Towards the end of the 20th century, the demographic component began to face risk phenomena such as the migration of the young population, demographic ageing and depopulation.