bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a genotyped African population cohort, with virtual follow-up: A feasibility study in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Tamuhla Tsaone , Coussens Anna K , Abrahams Maleeka , Blumenthal Melissa J , Lakay Francisco , Wilkinson Robert J , Riou Catherine , Raubenheimer Peter , Dave Joel A , Tiffin Nicki
Published: January 2025

Background There is limited knowledge regarding African genetic drivers of disease due to prohibitive costs of large-scale genomic research in Africa. Methods We piloted a scalable virtual genotyped cohort in South Africa that was affordable in this resource-limited context, cost-effective, scalable virtual genotyped cohort in South Africa, with participant recruitment using a tiered informed consent model and DNA collection by buccal swab. Genotype data was generated using the H3Africa Illumina micro-array, and phenotype data was derived from routine health data of participants. We demonstrated feasibility of nested case control genome wide association studies using these data for phenotypes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and severe COVID-19. Results 2267346 variants were analysed in 459 participant samples, of which 229 (66.8%) are female. 78.6% of SNPs and 74% of samples passed quality control (QC). Principal component analysis showed extensive ancestry admixture in study participants. Of the 343 samples that passed QC, 93 participants had T2DM and 63 had severe COVID-19. For 1780 previously published COVID-19-associated variants, 3 SNPs in the pre-imputation data and 23 SNPS in the imputed data were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 cases compared to controls (p<0.05). For 2755 published T2DM associated variants, 69 SNPs in the pre-imputation data and 419 SNPs in the imputed data were significantly associated with T2DM cases when compared to controls (p<0.05). Conclusions The results shown here are illustrative of what will be possible as the cohort expands in the future. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, recognising that the findings presented here are preliminary and require further validation once we have a sufficient sample size to improve statistical significance of findings. We implemented a genotyped population cohort with virtual follow up data in a resource-constrained African environment, demonstrating feasibility for scale up and novel health discoveries through nested case-control studies.
Insights of SEDRIC, the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Infections Consortium
Authors: Feasey Nicholas , Ahmad Raheelah , Ashley Elizabeth , Atun Rifat , Baker Kate S , Chiari Francesca , van Doorn H. Rogier , Holmes Alison , Jinks Timothy , Jermy Andrew , Joshi Jyoti , Kanj Souha S , King Matt , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Midega Janet , Mpundu Mirfin , Nunn Jamie , Okeke Iruka N. , Reid Stuart , Sievert Dawn , Turner Paul , Walia Kamini , Peacock Sharon J
Published: January 2025

The increasing threat from infection with drug-resistant pathogens is among the most serious public health challenges of our time. Formed by Wellcome in 2018, the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Infections Consortium (SEDRIC) is an international think tank whose aim is to inform policy and change the way countries track, share, and analyse data relating to drug-resistant infections, by defining knowledge gaps and identifying barriers to the delivery of global surveillance. SEDRIC delivers its aims through discussions and analyses by world-leading scientists that result in recommendations and advocacy to Wellcome and others. As a result, SEDRIC has made key contributions in furthering global and national actions. Here, we look back at the work of the consortium between 2018-2024, highlighting notable successes. We provide specific examples where technical analyses and recommendations have helped to inform policy and funding priorities that will have real-world impact on the surveillance and epidemiology of infections with drug-resistant pathogens.
Exploring voyeurism: a review of research
Authors: Wdowiak Krystian , Maciocha Agnieszka , Wąż Julia , Witas Aleksandra , Drogoń Justyna , Gwóźdź Edyta , Muzyka Adrian , Rydzek Julia , Gardocka Ewa
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Objective: Voyeurism is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal derived from observing unsuspecting individuals who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Suggested risk factors for developing voyeurism include childhood sexual abuse, substance misuse, hypersexuality, emotional dysregulation, poor mental health, maladaptive coping strategies, and external pressures The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of voyeurism based on the latest literature.Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms “voyeurism” or “voyeuristic”  appear in the title, abstract, or keywords.Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Estimating the global prevalence of voyeurism is challenging due to inconsistent data, with reported rates ranging from over 10% to approximately 30–40%. Studies consistently indicate that voyeuristic behavior is more common among men. It often exhibits a compulsive and repetitive nature and can serve as a precursor to other sexual crimes, such as sexual sadism or pedophilia. Treatment primarily involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with pharmacological support using SSRIs like fluoxetine and paroxetine, showing effectiveness. Summary: The authors highlight the importance of further exploration into this topic and emphasize the need for a more accurate understanding of voyeurism's prevalence in the general population, as current data may be inconclusive.
A New Stage and New Opportunities for Research on the Russian Civil War
Authors: Sadłowski Michał Patryk
Published: January 2025

This article aims to discuss the latest Russian historiography on the Russian Civil War of 1917–22. Despite political problems, in recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of these groundbreaking events in Russian history by Russian historians. The analysis is based on a discussion of the latest works by Russian historians such as Alexander Puchenkov, Vasily Tsvetkov, Konstantin Morozov, Alexei Tieplakov and Andrei Ganin.
Symbols of the Belarusian Resistance after the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Codogni Paulina
Published: January 2025

The protests that erupted in August 2020 in Belarus constituted the largest public outcry against the authorities since the beginning of the state’s establishment. Their distinguishing feature was their participants’ unprecedented use of symbols of defiance. From the first days, protesters stood out for a high level of awareness of the use of symbols and skilful adaptation of historical and cultural references. They resorted to borrowing symbols previously used at home or abroad, using collective memory and producing their own system of symbolism. Belarusian society emerged from the protests significantly weakened. Protest leaders either ended up in penal colonies or had to flee abroad. Internationally, however, the reaction of Belarusians has transformed their image. Before August 2020, they were judged subservient and passive. After that, they revealed themselves as a tenacious and creative nation.
Los conflictos de Aquiles. Un análisis pragmático, retórico y pragmadialéctico de la embajada de los aqueos en Ilíada IX
Authors: García Vélez Juan Jesús
Published: January 2025

La experiencia del conflicto con el otro no es exclusiva de ningún colectivo; su alcance general se puede materializar tanto en la ejecución de una agresión física como en la confrontación verbal, que permite un análisis lingüístico de la interacción. Dentro del marco general del enfrentamiento de aqueos y troyanos, Ilíada envuelve una red densa de confrontaciones más particulares que dibujan la trama argumental. Este estudio, dirigido tanto a iniciados en el examen lingüístico y pragmático de la obra homérica como a un lector más general interesado en los episodios de controversia verbal, examina los episodios de conflicto a partir de las herramientas de la Pragmática y la Lingüística, prestando especial atención a los recursos retóricos usados por los intervinientes y a los esquemas de la argumentación. El principal objetivo consiste en realizar una aproximación global al escenario de enfrentamiento desde visiones diversas para conseguir el entendimiento más amplio posible de la dinámica conflictiva y de los variados niveles en que se formaliza. Esta visión poliédrica permite describir dinámicas y perfilar las características de los individuos implicados. De esta manera, el acercamiento a la caracterización de personajes por medio de este sistema combinado lleva a reconocer motivaciones, giros emocionales y objetivos velados que no serían comprobables con una metodología menos diversa.
Improvement Options and Directions for Crisis Management Exercises Organised by Local Governmental Administration on the Example of Podkarpackie Voivodship — Theoretical Assumptions
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard , Czupryński Andrzej , Ziobro Jan , Kujawa Karol
Published: January 2025

Aim: The objective of the presented analysis is to offer theoretical assumptions for the research work of the team appointed for the purposes of the Voivodship Crisis Management Team exercises organised by the Voivode of Podkarpackie. The authors present the basis for developing the methodology of the project aiming at defining the options and methods for improving the exercises organised by local governmental administration. Introduction: The analyses conducted by the above-mentioned team aimed at finding sources of knowledge and information related to the organisation of exercises by local governmental administration and determination of the practical usability of the related scientific theories. The works conducted involved such specific problems as: definition of the essentials of the organisation of crisis management pratice activities by local governmental administration, identification of organisation improvement needs related to crisis management by local governmental administration and definition of the conditions and perspectives for the improvement of the organisation of the subject exercises. The adopted assumptions indicated that the options of improvement of the organisation of exercises by the local governmental administration of Podkarpackie Voivodship should be sought in the emerging new organisational solutions and access to the preparation and completion analytics and efficiency assessment tools. Methodology: The authors focused on the review of the methodological assumptions of exercises and the applicable regulations and documents used in the public administration office serving the Voivode and local government bodies of Podkarpackie Voivodship Conclusions: The above-mentioned review confirmed the belief in the importance of exercises for the crisis operations improvement process. It is crucial for the preparation of the local communities for emergencies. Above all, it enables the practical application of crisis management plans, which enables identifying deficiencies and areas to improve. Those operations may be improved by preparing a scientific approach to the organisation and assessment of exercises and selection of appropriate legal and scientific bases. The next stage in the works of the authors team will consist in the analysis of local exercises and drawing comprehensive conclusions.
La ciencia detrás del misterioso Pie grande
Authors: Guevara Lázaro
Published: January 2025

Durante siglos, se han acumulado innumerables informes y reportes sobre la presencia de un enorme primate que deambula por zonas montañosas de Norteamérica. A ese misterioso ser se le conoce como “Pie Grande”. ¿Qué opina la ciencia sobre su posible existencia?
Transformative Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Oral and Maxillofacial Cancer Care for a Brighter Tomorrow
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Abdur , Das Nitish Krishna , Iqbal Mausumi , Kadir A K M Shafiul , Rabbany Md. Golam , Shemanto Mohammad Ullah , Akhter Rukaiya , Kundu Joye
Published: January 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced oral and maxillofacial cancer (OMC) care. This paper explores the transformative potential of AI in OMC diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis. AI-driven applications, including computervision and machine learning, are discussed, emphasizing their impact on early detection,accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment planning. The paper also explores the role of AI in OMC education, research, and practice, outlining future directions. In OMC staging, AI automates the process by analyzing medical records and imaging data, enhancing accuracy. The paper also discusses AI's role in tailoring treatment plans, optimizing radiation therapy, and facilitating robotic surgery. Furthermore, the integration of ChatGPT in OMC education, research, and practice is explored. The paper outlines future directions, including the integration of multi-omics data and real-time patient monitoring, emphasizing collaboration, clinical trials, and validation as essential steps in realizing AI's potential in routine clinical practice. In conclusion, AI has the potential to transform OMC management by enhancing diagnosis accuracy, staging precision, personalized treatment planning, and prognosis estimation. Addressing ethical concerns and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial in harnessing AI's capabilities. By embracing AI advancements, OMC care can be significantly improved, leading to better patient outcomes and contributing to the fight against oral and maxillofacial cancer.
How many people in the Netherlands live with a hip, knee, or shoulder replacement?
Authors: van Veghel Mirthe H. W. , van Steenbergen Liza N. , Gademan Maaike G. J. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Schreurs B. W. , Hannink Gerjon
Published: January 2025

Aims

We estimated the prevalence of people living with at least one hip, knee, or shoulder arthroplasty in the Netherlands.

Methods

We included the first hip (n = 416,333), knee (n = 314,569), or shoulder (n = 23,751) arthroplasty of each patient aged ≥ 40 years between 2007 and 2022 (hip/knee) or 2014 and 2022 (shoulder) from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register (LROI). Data on the size of the Dutch population were obtained from Statistics Netherlands. Annual incidences and deaths from hip and knee arthroplasty since 2010, and shoulder arthroplasty since 2015, were observed from the LROI. Annual incidences and deaths before those years were estimated using Poisson regression analyses and parametric survival models based on a Gompertz distribution. Non-parametric percentile bootstrapping with resampling was used to estimate 95% CIs.

Results

Annual incidences per 100,000 Dutch inhabitants aged ≥ 40 years increased for hip arthroplasties from 221 (95% CI 214 to 229) in 1990 to 360 in 2022, for knee arthroplasties from 181 (95% CI 174 to 188) to 272, and for shoulder arthroplasties from 11 (95% CI 8.0 to 16) to 34. In 2022, 791,000 (95% CI 787,000 to 794,000) people in the Netherlands were living with at least one joint replacement, representing 8.4% (95% CI 8.4 to 8.5) of the Dutch population aged ≥ 40 years. For hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasties, these were 436,000 (95% CI 433,000 to 438,000), 383,000 (95% CI 380,000 to 386,000), and 34,000 (95% CI 33,000 to 36,000) people, corresponding to 4.7% (95% CI 4.6 to 4.7), 4.1% (95% CI 4.1 to 4.1), and 0.4% (95% CI 0.3 to 0.4) of the Dutch population, respectively. The most common age group living with at least one joint replacement was the ≥ 80-year age group, representing 38% (95% CI 37 to 38) of the Dutch population aged ≥ 80 years.

Conclusion

Approximately 800,000 people in the Netherlands were living with at least one hip, knee, or shoulder replacement in 2022, representing one in 12 Dutch inhabitants aged ≥ 40 years.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(1):74–81.
TOMANDO CAFÉ NO JERRY'S: episódios de comunicação em lanchonetes no centro de São Paulo
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sá
Published: January 2025

Este texto delineia episódios de comunicação em lanchonetes da região de São Paulo, na primeira refeição do dia, estudando sua articulação com práticas sociabilidade em lugares públicos. A partir de pesquisa de campo, identificou-se que (1) a comunicação é hierarquizada e marcada por clivagens sociais; (2) há uma expectativa sobre o cumprimento de regras não escrita, e qualquer coisa fora de seus limites gera constrangimento; (3) episódios mais longos são pautados pelo clima, trânsito e futebol. Esses elementos são discutidos a partir de conceitos de Goffman, sobre microanálise, e de França, Ferrara e Braga, sobre interações comunicacionais.
Navigating the passage of time: exploring social bonds and ambiguity in institutional older adults
Authors: Gupta Satish Kr
Published: January 2025

Institutionalisation marks a significant transition for older adults, often accompanied by a multitude of challenges encompassing ageing, uncertainty and social dynamics. This qualitative study delves into the lived experiences of institutional older adults, focusing on the intricate interplay between ageing processes, the formation and maintenance of social bonds and the negotiation of ambiguity within institutional settings. Prior to moving into an old-age home, many older adults rely on long-established social networks. However, institutionalisation often disrupts these networks, creating a need for older adults to form new connections within the facility. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the research elucidates the multifaceted nature of ageing experiences, revealing how older adults navigate the passage of time amid shifting social landscapes and ambiguous circumstances. Findings underscore the centrality of social capital in buffering the effects of uncertainty and fostering resilience among institutional older adults. The themes that emerge highlight the importance of social connections in providing emotional support, practical assistance and a sense of belonging, which serve as critical resources in adapting to institutional life. Moreover, the study illuminates the ways in which older adults actively engage in sense-making processes, renegotiating identities and priorities in light of institutionalisation. By examining these experiences, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of ageing in institutional contexts, emphasising the significance of social relationships in promoting wellbeing and adjustment. Insights gleaned from this study have implications for the development of interventions aimed at enhancing social support networks and fostering a supportive environment conducive to the holistic needs of institutional older adults.
Films from a Country that Fights for Freedom: An Overview of North Korean Cinema in the Polish People’s Republic
Authors: Husarski Roman
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This paper investigates the rare accounts of North Korean cinema in the Polish People’s Republic. Drawing on Polish socialist film magazines, cinema viewership data, posters made for North Korean films, and other archival materials, two distinct periods of interest in North Korean films are identified: the 1950s and the 1980s. In the 1950s, the DPRK films were introduced as part of a broader political campaign of anti-Americanism and support for North Korea in the Korean War. In the 1980s, interest in North Korean film re-emerged under the military government of Wojciech Jaruzelski. While mostly unpopular, Hong Kil Dong (1986), released in Poland as Hong Kil Dong: Karate Master , gained unexpected admiration, matching the growing popularity of taekwondo, and echoing the reception of Bruce Lee’s Enter the Dragon (1973). Polish viewers rejected the didactics of North Korean cinema until it began tempting people with the fairytale-like magic of the Orient. However, the DPRK failed to respond to the sudden interest, and the Hong Kil Dong phenomenon was short-lived.
Comparing information content in SWIR, eSWIR, MWIR, superband, and multiband-fused images
Authors: Somerville Luke , Driggers Ronald
Published: January 2025

The two-dimensional (2-D) correlation coefficient calculation
is a method for comparing the
similarity between two data sets or images. This method was used to
quantify the complementary information between images taken in the
short-wave infrared (SWIR), extended SWIR (eSWIR), mid-wave infrared
(MWIR), SWIR through MWIR superband, and two multiband-fused
images—one with SWIR, eSWIR, and MWIR bands, and the other with only
SWIR and MWIR bands. Data collections were performed at various
locations of both rural and urban scenes using a
1–6 µm superband imaging system with (1) a 1.9 µm SWIR
short-pass filter, (2) a 2–2.5 µm extended SWIR (eSWIR)
bandpass filter, (3) a 3 µm MWIR longpass filter, and (4) no
filter for the full superband response. For each individual scene, the
correlation coefficient between each pair of the six images was
determined, representing the amount of shared information in that
scene between the two bands being compared. This process was repeated
11 times for 10 daytime image sets and one nighttime image set of both
rural and urban scenes. The results for all 11 data sets were compiled
to determine the average correlation coefficients in all six bands for
both types of scenes.
Comparative numerical analysis of astigmatism tolerance in bifocal, extended depth-of-focus, and trifocal intraocular lenses
Authors: You Jongin , Jang Mooseok
Published: January 2025

Here, we quantitatively assess the effect of astigmatism on visual functions in eyes with three different commercial multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) using a customized finite eye model. Our proposed model implements a full wave analysis of the whole eye structure with diffractive multifocal IOLs under polychromatic conditions. The proposed eye model evaluates the energy efficiency of each focus at varying degrees of corneal astigmatism with the light-in-the-bucket metrics for bifocal (Restor), extended depth-of-focus (Symfony), and trifocal IOLs (POD-F). Better tolerance under astigmatic conditions was observed in the order of Symfony, Restor, and POD-F, highlighting the need to consider multifocal toric IOLs with corneal astigmatism greater than +1.5 D, + 1.0 D, and +1.0 D for Symfony, Restor, and POD-F, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed the way that the optical properties of multifocal IOLs, including the optical power of the diffractive part, the effect of high-order harmonics, and chromatic aberration, interplay to determine the tolerance for corneal aberration. The numerical analysis closely agrees with previous clinical studies on determining the indication for multifocal toric IOLs, suggesting the clinical usability of the presented method in predicting the postoperative visual function of patients on a customized basis.
Simulation of ultra-fast structured illumination in single-photon sensitive single-pixel lidar
Authors: Olkkonen Jaakko , Taher Josef , Hakala Teemu , Kukko Antero , Kaartinen Harri , Hyyppä Juha
Published: January 2025

This study presents a novel single-pixel imaging lidar system utilizing individually addressable VCSEL arrays and single-photon detection for high-speed structured illumination and accurate reflectance estimation. VCSEL arrays as spatial light modulators offer modulation rates several orders of magnitude higher than conventional DMD-based systems. This capability allows for more measurements, reducing the effect of noise and enabling accurate angle of incidence estimation at the level of individual points, without the need for separate surface normal estimation from dense point clouds. The research developed a detailed measurement model and inverse rendering workflow, which were evaluated using ray tracing simulations that generated full-waveform intensity data. The proposed method achieved millimeter-level precision in range measurements and accurate reflectance estimates by leveraging local angle of incidence information. Future research may explore additional applications of the local angle of incidence information and further validate the model in real-world scenarios.
Room-temperature optical non-reciprocity in a Doppler-broadened medium
Authors: Zhan Yifan , Zhang Jiedong , Zhang Shicheng , Gong Shangqing , Niu Yueping
Published: January 2025

Here, we present an experimental demonstration of a true room-temperature magnetic-free non-reciprocity in a Doppler-broadened medium. By applying an additional pump field, the absorption of the forward probe field is significantly enhanced due to the canceling of the Doppler shifts; in contrast, the backward one is weakened due to the optical pumping process. In the experiment, we achieved a forward isolation of 11.47 dB and a backward transmission of 0.94 at 25 °C. This approach has potential applications in integrated optics and quantum information processing.
High spatial resolution spectral imaging based on amplitude-phase joint modulation metasurfaces using a global optimization algorithm
Authors: Tan Xu , Zhang Yang , Zhang Lei , Zhu Yanlin , Chen Jingdong , Zhou Yi , Liang Gaofeng , Wen Zhongquan , Xiang Jin , Chen Gang
Published: January 2025

Conventional spectral imaging techniques relying on dispersive spectrometers are limited by the trade-offs in size, cost, imaging speed, and other factors. Currently, metasurface-based spectral imaging has attracted considerable attention owing to its miniaturization, real-time detection, and low cost. However, introducing randomness in the spectral response function utilizing guided resonance in metasurfaces requires a large number of periodic elements, resulting in reduced spatial resolution in spectral imaging. Here, we propose a compact miniaturized spectrometer based on an aperiodic metasurface. The response function of the metasurface exhibits a rich variety of features based on the amplitude modulation of optical resonances, which is further enhanced by diffraction effects through phase modulation. By employing a genetic algorithm to optimize the layout of the metasurface, one can achieve low correlation coefficients and a small footprint for spectral encoders, marking a significant improvement in spatial resolution compared to previous metasurface-based spectral imaging approaches. Leveraging the deep learning reconstruction algorithm, we can achieve high-precision spectral recovery in the visible range of 400-700 nm with various narrowband and broadband spectra. The proposed method provides a new idea for hyperspectral imaging technology with high spatial resolution, noise robustness, and fast imaging speed.
Generation of high squeezing for atomic ground states via cavity-assisted non-resonant Raman transition
Authors: Wu Zi-Yi , Ye Ming-Yong , Lin Gong-Wei , Duan Ya-Fan , Lin Xiu-Min
Published: January 2025

Spin squeezing state is a critical physical resource for the realization of high-precision metrology. Here, using two ground states of atoms as pseudo spin degrees of freedom, we propose a simple scheme to create high squeezing via cavity-assisted non-resonant Raman transition. The numerical simulation results show that our scheme can achieve the same optimum squeezing and has the same advantages as the conventional two-axis counter twisting model. The scheme is robust against system dissipation and provides a feasible approach for the realization of Heisenberg limit squeezing within the reach of current experimental technologies.
Wide-field self-referenced optical coherence tomography imaging of the corneal microlayers
Authors: Ruggeri Marco , Giuffrida Francesco Pozzo , Vy Truong Ngoc Lan , Parel Jean-Marie , Cabot Florence , Shousha Mohamed Abou , Manns Fabrice , Ho Arthur
Published: January 2025

We present a technique for wide-field OCT imaging of the cornea using self-referenced interference of the anterior corneal surface with the underlying corneal structure. The method employs a custom objective lens that ensures that the probing beam remains nearly perpendicular to the anterior corneal surface, effectively utilizing it as a reference to generate interference. This approach allows for high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of corneal layers over a 9mm optical zone. Tests on human subjects show the ability of the system to quantify the anterior corneal layer thickness.
Dispersion effects in thermal emission from temporal metamaterials: high-frequency cutoffs
Authors: Vertiz-Conde Amaia , Liberal Iñigo , Enrique Vázquez-Lozano J.
Published: January 2025

The latest breakthroughs in time-varying photonics are fueling novel, to the best of our knowledge, thermal emission phenomena, e.g., showing that the dynamic amplification of quantum vacuum fluctuations, induced by the time modulation of material properties, enables a mechanism to surpass the blackbody spectrum. So far, this issue has only been investigated under the assumption of non-dispersive time modulations. In this work, we identify the existence of a non-physical diverging behavior in the time-modulated emission spectra at high frequencies and prove that it is actually attributed to the simplistic assumption of a non-dispersive (temporally local) response of the time modulation associated with memory-less systems. Accordingly, we upgrade the theoretical formalism by introducing a dispersive response function, showing that it leads to a high-frequency cutoff, thereby eliminating the divergence and hence allowing for the proper computation of the emission spectra of time-modulated materials.
Fourier-inspired single-pixel holography
Authors: Wang Haofan , Wang Fei , Zhang Yichen , Yi Weixuan , Bo Zunwang , Situ Guohai
Published: January 2025

Fourier-inspired single-pixel holography (FISH) is an effective digital holography (DH) approach that utilizes a single-pixel detector instead of a conventional camera to capture light field information. FISH combines the Fourier single-pixel imaging and off-axis holography technique, allowing one to acquire useful information directly, rather than recording the hologram in the spatial domain and filtering unwanted terms in the Fourier domain. Furthermore, we employ a deep learning technique to jointly optimize the sampling mask and the imaging enhancement model, to achieve high-quality results at a low sampling ratio. Both simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of FISH in single-pixel phase imaging. FISH combines the strengths of single-pixel imaging (SPI) and DH, potentially expanding DH’s applications to specialized spectral bands and low-light environments while equipping SPI with capabilities for phase detection and coherent gating.
Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:MgWO4 laser
Authors: Nie Hai-Yu , Lin Zhang-Lang , Loiko Pavel , Zeng Huang-Jun , Zhang Lizhen , Lin Zhoubin , Elabedine Ghassen Zin , Mateos Xavier , Petrov Valentin , Zhang Ge , Chen Weidong
Published: January 2025

We present the first Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state laser based on ytterbium-doped monoclinic magnesium monotungstate as an active medium. The diode-pumped Yb:MgWO4 laser delivers soliton pulses as short as 32 fs at 1079 nm with a pulse repetition rate of ∼68 MHz via soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locking. To the best of our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses ever achieved from any ytterbium-doped tungstate crystals.
GeSnC-based multi-quantum well heterojunction p-i-n photodetectors for short wave infrared (SWIR) spectrum
Authors: Zakaria Rezwan , Jawed Nowrin , Alam Supti Naima Sutlana , Rahman Adnan Md. Mohsinur
Published: January 2025

Recently popular GeSn photodetectors struggle with β-Sn defects, a weak directness in the bandgap, and reduced optical confinement. To address these issues, we proposed a GeSnC-based multi-quantum well (MQW) heterojunction p-i-n photodetector for SWIR spectrum (780 – 3000 nm) sensing. Different parameters like responsivity, photocurrent, and dark current were analyzed with varying numbers of quantum wells. Noise parameters like NEP, detectivity, and SNR were also calculated for further analysis. The proposed device exhibited an extended photodetection up to 2900 nm and a prominent I
ph
/I
dark
of 3.0088 x 104 for N = 9 at 300K. At reverse bias, V
r
= 2V, simulations predicted a maximum SR of 1.39 A/W at 2000 nm and 0.6 A/W at 2700 nm at 300K. Detectivity of 4.14x109 Jones and NEP of 1.43x10−13 W/Hz1/2 for N = 9 at 2700 nm were found. The SNR and LDR were calculated to be 95.21 dB and 82.46 dB for N = 9 at 2700 nm. The proposed device gained a high 3dB bandwidth of 45.7 GHz. Thus, the obtained results indicate that Ge1−x−ySn
x
C
y
is a promising candidate for realizing high-performance, high-speed photodetectors with improved CMOS compatibility for sensing applications in the SWIR spectrum.
Spatial distribution and determinants of improved shared sanitation facilities among households in Ethiopia: Using 2019 mini-Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Amlak Baye Tsegaye , Belay Daniel Gashaneh
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Limited or shared sanitation services are considered improved sanitation facilities, but they are shared between two or more households. Globally, 600 million people use shared toilet facilities. Although shared facilities are not classified as improved sanitation due to potential infection risks, inaccessibility, and safety concerns, this is a significant issue in developing countries like Ethiopia. Evidence on the distribution of shared sanitation services and their determinants in Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the extent of shared toilet facilities and their determinants among households in Ethiopia.

Methods

The 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) served as the basis for the cross-sectional secondary data analysis. The analysis included a total of 7,770 households from the weighted sample. STATA 14 software was used to clean, weigh, and analyze the data. To explore the distribution and determine the factors associated with shared toilet facilities in Ethiopia, both spatial and mixed-effect analyses were utilized. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to display the relationships between the dependent and independent variables, employing adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

The magnitude of improved shared sanitation facilities among households in Ethiopia, according to the EDHS 2019, was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.88, 11.24). The prevalence was highest in Addis Ababa at 70.2% and lowest in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region at 2.4%. Individual-level variables significantly associated with the use of improved shared toilet facilities included being a household head aged 55 years or older [AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.71], having secondary education or higher [AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.28], and belonging to middle or rich wealth status [middle: AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.96; rich: AOR = 6.23; 95% CI: 3.84, 10.11]. Community-level characteristics such as residing in urban areas [AOR = 7.60; 95% CI: 3.47, 16.67], the metropolitan region [AOR = 25.83; 95% CI: 10.1, 66.3], and periphery regions [AOR = 5.01; 95% CI: 2.40, 10.48] were also associated with the use of shared toilet facilities.

Conclusion

The usage of improved shared toilet facilities among households in Ethiopia is relatively low. Significant factors related to the use of shared toilet facilities were being 55 years of age or older, possessing secondary or higher education, having a middle or rich wealth status, living in urban areas, and residing in metropolitan or peripheral regions. To improve access to and utilization of shared sanitation facilities, Ethiopian policy should emphasize user education and awareness.
Pharmacophore modeling and QSAR analysis of anti-HBV flavonols
Authors: Baei Basireh , Askari Parnia , Askari Fatemeh Sana , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Mohebbi Alireza
Published: January 2025

Due to its global burden, Targeting Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is crucial. Herbal medicine has long been significant, with flavonoids demonstrating promising results. Hence, the present study aimed to establish a way of identifying flavonoids with anti-HBV activities. Flavonoid structures with anti-HBV activities were retrieved. A flavonol-based pharmacophore model was established using LigandScout v4.4. Screening was performed using the PharmIt server. A QSAR equation was developed and validated with independent sets of compounds. The applicability domain (AD) was defined using Euclidean distance calculations for model validation. The best model, consisting of 57 features, was generated. High-throughput screening (HTS) using the flavonol-based model resulted in 509 unique hits. The model’s accuracy was further validated using a set of FDA-approved chemicals, demonstrating a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 100%. Additionally, the QSAR model with two predictors, x4a and qed, exhibited predictive solid performance with an adjusted-R2 value of 0.85 and 0.90 of Q2. PCA showed essential patterns and relationships within the dataset, with the first two components explaining nearly 98% of the total variance. Current HBV therapies tend to fail to provide a complete cure, emphasizing the need for new therapies. This study’s importance was to highlight flavonols as potential anti-HBV medicines, presenting a supplementary option for existing therapy. The QSAR model has been validated with two separate chemical sets, guaranteeing its reproducibility and usefulness for other flavonols by utilizing the predictive characteristics of X4A and qed. These results provide new possibilities for discovering future anti-HBV drugs by integrating modeling and experimental research.
A Civilidade na Pérsia aos olhos dos Portugueses de Quinhentos
Authors: Jesus Roger Lee Pessoa de
Published: January 2025

Pretende-se, neste estudo, recolher os vestígios de "civilidade" (conforme a caracterizou Norbert Elias na sua obra O processo civilizacional) na Pérsia do século XVI. Partindo dos relatos das embaixadas portugueses às terras do Xeque Ismael, observaram-se vários costumes e ritos, diferentes e novos aos olhos dos portugueses. A Expansão Portuguesa possibilitou o contacto com novas sociedades e novas culturas, abrindo novos horizontes para o processo civilizacional europeu. Este estudo pretende ser, em última análise, uma reflexão, através das fontes, acerca da visão portuguesa do Oriente.
Provedores da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Arganil do século XIX. Metamorfoses, elos e poderes
Authors: Formigo Filipa
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo propõe-se um estudo de natureza prosopográfica em torno das elites locais chamadas ao poder da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Arganil, salientando esta no contexto das Misericórdias Portuguesas do século XIX, os provedores dirigentes no mesmo período e as suas relações, poderes e conflitualidades. No século XIX, a Misericórdia de Arganil revela um evidente papel social na transmissão de influência e prestígio às elites locais, verificando-se uma gradual ruptura da hegemonia nobiliárquica e a ascensão de categorias profissionais com estatuto dignificante o que se traduz na emergência de conflitualidade pelo clero, grupo de maior domínio durante o período em análise.
A cidadania infantil na Primeira República e a tutoria da infância. A criação da Tutoria de Coimbra e do refúgio anexo
Authors: Tomé Maria Rosa
Published: January 2025

Sob forte influência do debate internacional e com apoio político dos republicanos, a Lei de Protecção à Infância (LPI) de 1911, constitui uma referência para o avanço da cidadania infantil em Portugal. A criação da Tutoria da Infância e da Federação Nacional dos Amigos e Defensores das Crianças prometiam a aplicação de medidas preventivas e profiláticas para garantir a defesa dos direitos da criança. Contudo, era preciso um investimento maior e mais diversificado, acima de tudo, para enfrentar os problemas estruturais da sociedade portuguesa. Nos grandes centros urbanos as dificuldades das crianças e as suas famílias eram crescentes. Em Coimbra, a pobreza atingia também algumas das instituições de apoio social às crianças. A criação da Tutoria da Infância e do Refúgio anexo, foi então necessária à obra da assistência (ou tão só mais uma obra de assistência à criança em Coimbra).
Untargeted Analysis of Areca Nut and Gutkha Commercial Products
Authors: Afolabi Boluwatife , Yershova Katrina , Villalta Peter , Stepanov Irina
Published: January 2025

We investigated the chemical composition of areca nut and gutkha products, which are commonly chewed in South and Southeast Asia. While these products are known to be addictive and carcinogenic, causing oral lesions and cancers, the specific chemical compounds responsible remain poorly understood. The study identified 149 unique compounds in the tested products, with 142 being newly discovered and potentially specific to areca nut-containing products. Seven compounds were previously found in smokeless tobacco. We arestillevaluating the toxicity profiles of these newly identified compounds and planto expand their analysis using gas chromatography with HRMS. Our findings aim to create a comprehensive library of toxicants and carcinogens, which will help understand the mechanisms behind these products’ harmful effects. This knowledge is expected to inform regulatory measures and public health education efforts to reduce consumption and decrease oral and pharyngeal cancer rates in Asian countries and immigrant communities in America.
Flow vs. Aspiration Forces and Volume in Thrombectomy
Authors: Stibbs Peter , Whitested Devon , Lee Jo Hong
Published: January 2025

The mathematical analysis in the paper compares explosive syringe-based systems and continuous vacuum systems across key parameters. Continuous vacuum systems exhibit superior efficiency, with a peak flow rate of 19 mL/s compared to 16 mL/s for syringe systems, achieving a total aspirated volume of 203.5 mL in 60 seconds versus 31.6 mL for the syringe system, an efficiency ratio of 6.44x. This sustained performance stems from the continuous vacuum's ability to maintain a steady pressure gradient of -29 inHg (~98.2 kPa), compared to the syringe system's transient gradient of -25 inHg (~84.6 kPa). Additionally, continuous systems deliver 1.87 W of power consistently, with a time-averaged power ratio 5.53x higher than syringe systems, highlighting the limitations of intermittent syringe activation.

Furthermore, the continuous vacuum system applies greater force (2.78 N vs. 2.39 N) and achieves higher energy density (98.44 kPa vs. 84.77 kPa) during thrombus removal. This allows it to effectively manage chronic or high-viscosity thrombi by progressively overcoming their viscoelastic resistance. While syringe systems generate higher initial suction forces, their performance is limited by frequent reloading and reduced cumulative flow, making them more suitable for acute thrombi with lower structural resistance. In contrast, continuous vacuum systems may provide more consistent and effective clot removal across a broader range of thrombus types, with reduced risks of fragmentation and embolization
Liga acadêmica de enfermagem em saúde da mulher
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Vitória Granja , Macêdo Marcia Karelly Granja Brito , Bruno Vitória Marina Soares , Barbosa Kalliny Mirella Gonçalves
Published: January 2025

A atuação das ligas acadêmicas constitui uma importante estratégia para a articulação teórico-prática e, no campo da saúde, corrobora para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências direcionadas para o cuidado em integral, humanizado e acolhedor, que compreenda o contexto em que os indivíduos estão inseridos e a produção social do processo saúde-doença. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de estudantes de enfermagem que compõem uma liga acadêmica vinculada a uma faculdade privada de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, oriundo da vivência das acadêmicas com as mulheres da Cadeia Pública Feminina de Petrolina/PE. As atividades desenvolvidas concentraram-se na escuta qualificada e na educação em saúde como as principais ferramentas de aproximação e garantia do cuidado holístico às mulheres em situação de cárcere. Percebeu-se que a saúde no cárcere é atravessada por múltiplas questões que limitam o acesso e corroboram para o distanciamento das mulheres em reclusão das garantias do Sistema Único de Saúde. Dessa maneira, as contribuições da experiência repercutiram tanto na formação crítica-reflexiva dos acadêmicos, quanto no acolhimento das demandas das mulheres em situação de cárcere, fato que aponta para a relevância social das atividades extramuros.
Projeto terapêutico singular
Authors: Lages Frederico Santos , Vilaça Ênio Lacerda , Silveira Rodrigo Richard da , Castilho Lia Silva de
Published: January 2025

Este relato de experiência descreve os procedimentos usados pela equipe de Odontologia na interlocução com pais e responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência do desenvolvimento e com a equipe interdisciplinar do Serviço Integrado de Reabilitação (SIR) da Associação Mineira de Reabilitação (AMR), para estabelecer um projeto terapêutico singular com vistas a alcançar a saúde geral e a inserção social dos pacientes. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise documental dos artigos publicados na íntegra por este projeto que descrevem esta interlocução. A discussão das experiências pontuadas foi conduzida pela etnometodologia considerando-se os sujeitos envolvidos no debate, seus contextos socioeconômicos e culturais e os limites de cuidado oferecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Melintasi Dimensi Spiritual: Tradisi Wiwitan dalam Spiritualitas Manusia menurut Mircea Eliade
Authors: Sudarman Mei Ariani , Maharani Septiana Dwiputri
Published: January 2025

Humans live in interaction with culture and tradition, both those inherited from ancestors and those that have undergone acculturation. There is a spiritual touch between tradition and humans, which is the meaning given to the series of rituals that eventually evolve into a tradition. The relationship between humans and their God is then represented in a tradition, one of which is Wiwitan. This tradition, which has existed since ancient times, is a routine practice for farmers before starting their harvest, with the hope that their harvest will be abundant. This study is philosophical research that uses the method of philosophical reflection. This philosophical reflection involves an examination of key concepts in the thinking of Eliade, such as homo religiosus, hierophany, and the sacred and the profane. The researcher can explore how Eliade's ideas can be applied to understand the Wiwitan tradition. A review of the historical literature on Wiwitan, case studies, or anthropological literature also helps to understand the context of the evolution and relevance of the Wiwitan tradition through the ages. The results of this study show that the Wiwitan tradition is an important part of the Javanese farmer's life, which not only functions as a ceremonial rite before the harvest but also reflects their view of nature as a sacred space. In this ritual, farmers honor nature and Dewi Sri, the goddess of fertility, asking for blessings and protection. With the concept of homo religiosus as proposed by Mircea Eliade, Wiwitan reflects the basic human need to connect with the sacred, providing spiritual meaning amidst changing times.