bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic shifts in mucus, tissue and skeleton of the coral Balanophyllia europaea living along a natural CO2 gradient
Authors: Palladino Giorgia , Caroselli Erik , Tavella Teresa , D’Amico Federica , Prada Fiorella , Mancuso Arianna , Franzellitti Silvia , Rampelli Simone , Candela Marco , Goffredo Stefano , Biagi Elena
Published: August 2022

Using the Mediterranean coral Balanophyllia europaea naturally growing along a pH gradient close to Panarea island (Italy) as a model, we explored the role of host-associated microbiomes in coral acclimatization to ocean acidification (OA). Coral samples were collected at three sites along the gradient, mimicking seawater conditions projected for 2100 under different IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios, and mucus, soft tissue and skeleton associated microbiomes were characterized by shotgun metagenomics. According to our findings, OA induced functional changes in the microbiomes genetic potential that could mitigate the sub-optimal environmental conditions at three levels: i. selection of bacteria genetically equipped with functions related to stress resistance; ii. shifts in microbial carbohydrate metabolism from energy production to maintenance of cell membranes and walls integrity; iii. gain of functions able to respond to variations in nitrogen needs at the holobiont level, such as genes devoted to organic nitrogen mobilization. We hence provided hypotheses about the functional role of the coral associated microbiome in favoring host acclimatation to OA, remarking on the importance of considering the crosstalk among all the components of the holobiont to unveil how and to what extent corals will maintain their functionality under forthcoming ocean conditions.
Agonist-antagonist muscle strain in the residual limb preserves motor control and perception after amputation
Authors: Song Hyungeun , Israel Erica A. , Gutierrez-Arango Samantha , Teng Ashley C. , Srinivasan Shriya S. , Freed Lisa E. , Herr Hugh M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Elucidating underlying mechanisms in subject-specific motor control and perception after amputation could guide development of advanced surgical and neuroprosthetic technologies. In this study, relationships between preserved agonist-antagonist muscle strain within the residual limb and preserved motor control and perception capacity are investigated.

Methods

Fourteen persons with unilateral transtibial amputations spanning a range of ages, etiologies, and surgical procedures underwent evaluations involving free-space mirrored motions of their lower limbs. Research has shown that varied motor control in biologically intact limbs is executed by the activation of muscle synergies. Here, we assess the naturalness of phantom joint motor control postamputation based on extracted muscle synergies and their activation profiles. Muscle synergy extraction, degree of agonist-antagonist muscle strain, and perception capacity are estimated from electromyography, ultrasonography, and goniometry, respectively.

Results

Here, we show significant positive correlations (P < 0.005–0.05) between sensorimotor responses and residual limb agonist-antagonist muscle strain. Identified trends indicate that preserving even 20–26% of agonist-antagonist muscle strain within the residuum compared to a biologically intact limb is effective in preserving natural motor control postamputation, though preserving limb perception capacity requires more (61%) agonist-antagonist muscle strain preservation.

Conclusions

The results suggest that agonist-antagonist muscle strain is a characteristic, readily ascertainable residual limb structural feature that can help explain variability in amputation outcome, and agonist-antagonist muscle strain preserving surgical amputation strategies are one way to enable more effective and biomimetic sensorimotor control postamputation.
A field-deployable water quality monitoring with machine learning-based smartphone colorimetry
Authors: Doǧan Vakkas , Isık Tuǧba , Kılıç Volkan , Horzum Nesrin
Published: August 2022

Hydro Sensoffers great potential for water quality monitoring in remote settings without advanced equipment.
Analysis of low-volatility pesticides in cabbage by high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Janta Pannipa , Wongla Bussaba , Phayoonhong Wilai , Intarapanich Oraphan , Kokpol Sirirat , Mahatheeranont Sugunya , Kulsing Chadin
Published: August 2022

High-temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (HTGC × GC) using a longitudinally modulated cryogenic system (LMCS) was developed for the analysis of low-volatility pesticides in cabbage.
Light-induced stabilization of microtubules by photo-crosslinking of a Tau-derived peptide
Authors: Watari Soei , Inaba Hiroshi , Tamura Tomonori , Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Kakugo Akira , Sada Kazuki , Hamachi Itaru , Matsuura Kazunori
Published: August 2022

Stabilization of microtubules was achievedin vitroand in living cells by photo-crosslinking of a Tau-derived peptide using a photo-reactive diazirine group.
Recent advances in dendrite-free lithium metal anodes for high-performance batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Sun Chunwen
Published: August 2022

This review provides an overview of the significant progresses that occur on lithium metal anodes for lithium metal batteries. Some modification strategies and in situ characterization approaches are discussed.
A bottom-up approach to the ion recognition mechanism of K+ channels from laser spectroscopy of hydrated partial peptide–alkali metal ion complexes
Authors: Suzuki Yukina , Hirata Keisuke , Lisy James M. , Ishiuchi Shun-ichi , Fujii Masaaki
Published: August 2022

Hydration impacts alkali metal ion–peptide conformations for the largest and smallest ions, but has only a small effect on K+, the most permeable ion in K+ channels.
Scandium dimetallofullerene with a single-electron metal–metal bond as a spectroscopic ruler for EPR measurements
Authors: Kandrashkin Yuri E. , Zaripov Ruslan B.
Published: August 2022

Using of endohedral fullerenes Sc2@C80(CH2Ph) as an independent benchmark for magnetic field calibration.
Strain effects on halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Bowen , Bogachuk Dmitry , Suo Jiajia , Wagner Lukas , Kim Hobeom , Lim Jaekeun , Hinsch Andreas , Boschloo Gerrit , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: August 2022

This review systematically describes the origins, characterization and implications of strain in perovskite solar cells and proposes novel control strategies.
Magnetic properties of Sn- and Mn-incorporated Co2TiO4 from single-step calcination
Authors: Kushwaha Shreya , Nagarajan Rajamani
Published: August 2022

Co2TiO4, Co2Sn0.50Ti0.50O4, and Co2Mn0.50Ti0.50O4, produced by a rapid single-step calcination process, showed complex magnetic interactions arising from mixed-valence states of the constituent ions.
Synthesis of a polyaminocarboxylate-based aluminum complex and its structural studies using 1H{13C}-HMBC NMR and a Karplus-type function
Authors: Klika Karel D. , Alsalim Rana , Eftekhari Mohammad , Makarem Ata
Published: August 2022

In this work, the coordination sphere of a newly synthesized aluminum HBED cage has been investigated by using 2D NMR and DFT calculations.
Titanium nitride as a promising sodium-ion battery anode: interface-confined preparation and electrochemical investigation
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhang Zilu , Xie Yunyun , Guo Zhiwei , Feng Hua , Liu Wenyou , Wang Hai
Published: August 2022

TiN/C sodium-ion battery anodes are designed rationally, and their structure–activity relationship is revealed.
Snow particles physiochemistry: feedback on air quality, climate change, and human health
Authors: Rangel-Alvarado Rodrigo , Li Houjie , Ariya Parisa A.
Published: August 2022

During the last several decades, numerous researchers have provided evidence that physical and biogeochemical processes at air-snow/ice-water interfaces are very complex, and, in many cases, interlinked.
Elucidating electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction processes on Cu(hkl) single-crystal surfaces by in situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Xia-Guang , Bodappa Nataraju , Yang Wei-Min , Liang Qian , Radjenovica Petar M. , Wang Yao-Hui , Zhang Yue-Jiao , Dong Jin-Chao , Tian Zhong-Qun , Li Jian-Feng
Published: August 2022

The crucial intermediates and mechanism of the CO2RR were revealed on well-defined Cu(hkl) single crystal surfaces by the in situ SHINERS technique.
A green closed-loop process for selective recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Jiahui , Ma Xiaotu , Fu Jinzhao , Vanaphuti Panawan , Yao Zeyi , Liu Yangtao , Yang Zhenzhen , Wang Yan
Published: August 2022

A promising lithium recovery process was developed to selectively leach and recover lithium before recycling valuable metals; it provides new opportunities for sustainable recycling of LIBs and economical restoration of the lithium supply chain.
Emulsifying behavior between oil and water of flowback fluids from acidizing oil wells based on high-voltage electric field oil–water separation technology
Authors: Li Dongju , Gao Bingkun , Cui Xiangyu
Published: August 2022

Emulsion stabilization mechanism caused by the multiple actions of NaCl charges, polyacrylamide, and solid nanoparticles.
Transition metal-catalyzed regioselective functionalization of carbazoles and indolines with maleimides
Authors: Cho Eun Hee , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Aslam Mohammad , Thombal Raju S. , Li Xin , Shim Jae-Jin , Lee Yong Rok
Published: August 2022

An efficient and regioselective installation of succinimides on carbazoles and indolines was achieved using a transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization strategy.
Sc2F2(B2O5): a deep ultraviolet scandium borate fluoride exhibiting large birefringence induced by the synergistic effect of B2O5and ScOnF2groups
Authors: Tang Ru-Ling , Xu Wei , Xie Wei-Jie , Hu Chun-Li
Published: August 2022

A rare earth borate fluoride, Sc2F2(B2O5), displays a deep ultraviolet cutoff edge (<200 nm) and very large birefringence induced by the synergistic effect of B2O5and ScOnF2groups.
Structural and dynamical determinants of a β-sheet-enriched intermediate involved in amyloid fibrillar assembly of human prion protein
Authors: Russo Luigi , Salzano Giulia , Corvino Andrea , Bistaffa Edoardo , Moda Fabio , Celauro Luigi , D'Abrosca Gianluca , Isernia Carla , Milardi Danilo , Giachin Gabriele , Malgieri Gaetano , Legname Giuseppe , Fattorusso Roberto
Published: August 2022

The N-ter domain in HuPrP regulates the folding mechanism by tuning the long-range μs–ms dynamics. Removal of the N-ter domain triggers the formation of a stable β-enriched intermediate state inducing amyloid aggregates with HuPrPSc seeding activity.
Ferroptosis promotes sonodynamic therapy: a platinum(ii)–indocyanine sonosensitizer
Authors: Lai Yidan , Lu Nong , Ouyang Ai , Zhang Qianling , Zhang Pingyu
Published: August 2022

A novel platinum(ii)–cyanine complex showed a greater excellent sonodynamic therapeutic effect than photodynamic therapy in vivo. This work expands the biological applications of metal complexes from traditional photodynamic therapy to sonodynamic therapy.
Descriptors and graphical construction forin silicodesign of efficient and selective single atom catalysts for the eNRR
Authors: Kapse Samadhan , Narasimhan Shobhana , Thapa Ranjit
Published: August 2022

Outline a screening protocol that uses density functional theory calculations to simultaneously optimize with respect to multiple criteria, thereby successfully identifying catalysts that are highly selective and also result in low overpotentials for ammonia production through eNRR.
Non-directed Pd-catalysed electrooxidative olefination of arenes
Authors: Panja Subir , Ahsan Salman , Pal Tanay , Kolb Simon , Ali Wajid , Sharma Sulekha , Das Chandan , Grover Jagrit , Dutta Arnab , Werz Daniel B. , Paul Amit , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2022

The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction using electric current is a powerful tool for the olefination of arenes by Pd-catalysed C–H activation.
Ligand-enabled oxidation of gold(i) complexes with o-quinones
Authors: Szalóki György , Babinot Julien , Martin-Diaconescu Vlad , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , García-Rodeja Yago , Miqueu Karinne , Bourissou Didier
Published: August 2022

Chelating P^P and hemilabile P^N ligands were found to trigger the oxidation of Au(i) complexes by o-benzoquinones.
70 years of bilirubin sensing: towards the point-of-care bilirubin monitoring in cirrhosis and hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Ndabakuranye Jean Pierre , Li Shiqiang , Burchall Genia , Fox Kate , Piva Terry , Xu Zhangyu , Kavehei Omid , Prawer Steven , Ahnood Arman
Published: August 2022

We provide a perspective on monitoring the blood bilirubin concentration using simple methods, which are economical and can be adopted in point of care settings. These are a homecare test system, a miniature implant, and a neonatal wearable patch.
Long-lasting chemiluminescence bioassays for glucose enabled by a MOFs-in-hydrogel hybrid platform
Authors: Song Minghao , Shi Feifei , Zhang Ran , Wang Xueying , Sun Xiaojun , Li Yuyang , Ren Xiang , Ma Hongmin , Wei Qin
Published: August 2022

Chemiluminescence (CL) bioassays with stable long-lasting signal outputs have rekindled interest due to their promising application potential in various fields.
Residual stress in athermal soft disordered solids: insights from microscopic and mesoscale models
Authors: Vasisht Vishwas V. , Chaudhuri Pinaki , Martens Kirsten
Published: August 2022

Formation of residual shear stress in soft amorphous materials is studied via micro and meso models, revealing significance of plastic activity, during relaxation upon flow cessation, in determining the magnitude of residual stress.
High voltage and superior cyclability of indium hexacyanoferrate cathodes for aqueous Na-ion batteries enabled by superconcentrated NaClO4 electrolytes
Authors: Lamprecht Xaver , Marzak Philipp , Wieczorek Alexander , Thomsen Nina , Kim Jongho , Garlyyev Batyr , Liang Yunchang , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Yun Jeongsik
Published: August 2022

Highly-concentrated aqueous NaClO4 electrolyte enables the high working voltage and superior cyclability of NaIn[Fe(CN)6]. Furthermore, a guideline for tuning the working potential of Prussian Blue Analogs is demonstrated.
Plant proteostasis: a proven and promising target for crop improvement
Authors: Theodoulou Frederica L. , Orosa-Puente Beatriz , Trujillo Marco , Rubio Vicente
Published: August 2022

The Green Revolution of the 1960s accomplished dramatic increases in crop yields through genetic improvement, chemical fertilisers, irrigation, and mechanisation. However, the current trajectory of population growth, against a backdrop of climate change and geopolitical unrest, predicts that agricultural production will be insufficient to ensure global food security in the next three decades. Improvements to crops that go beyond incremental gains are urgently needed. Plant biology has also undergone a revolution in recent years, through the development and application of powerful technologies including genome sequencing, a pantheon of ‘omics techniques, precise genome editing, and step changes in structural biology and microscopy. Proteostasis – the collective processes that control the protein complement of the cell, comprising synthesis, modification, localisation, and degradation – is a field that has benefitted from these advances. This special issue presents a selection of the latest research in this vibrant field, with a particular focus on protein degradation. In the current article, we highlight the diverse and widespread contributions of plant proteostasis to agronomic traits, suggest opportunities and strategies to manipulate different elements of proteostatic mechanisms for crop improvement, and discuss the challenges involved in bringing these ideas into practice.
Feeder selection method for full cable networks earth faults based on improved K‐means
Authors: Wan Qingzhu , Zheng Shuai , Shi Chenlu
Published: August 2022

To improve the accuracy of earth faults feeder selection in full cable networks under different fault conditions, an improved K‐means algorithm for earth faults feeder selection in full cable networks is proposed. Firstly, the transient zero‐sequence network for earth faults in full cable networks is built using the rich fault information contained in its transient current, which per feeder under different fault conditions is decomposed by Fourier transform, active power method, and wavelet packet transform to obtain four features: fundamental wave amplitude, fifth harmonic amplitude, average active power component, and wavelet energy value. Then, the four features are fused by principal component analysis, the principal component components are extracted, and the feature database is established. Eighty per cent and 20% of the database data are used as training sets and test sets, respectively. The feature database is trained by the improved K‐means method to realize fault feeder selection. The proposed method is validated in a full cable network model with five feeders. The findings demonstrate that the suggested technique has high accuracy in feeder selection and is not affected by fault conditions.
A blast from the infant Universe: The very high-zGRB 210905A
Authors: Rossi A. , Frederiks D. D. , Kann D. A. , De Pasquale M. , Pian E. , Lamb G. , D’Avanzo P. , Izzo L. , Levan A. J. , Malesani D. B. , Melandri A. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Schulze S. , Strausbaugh R. , Tanvir N. R. , Amati L. , Campana S. , Cucchiara A. , Ghirlanda G. , Della Valle M. , Klose S. , Salvaterra R. , Starling R. L. C. , Stratta G. , Tsvetkova A. E. , Vergani S. D. , D’Aì A. , Burgarella D. , Covino S. , D’Elia V. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Fausey H. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Frontera F. , Guidorzi C. , Heintz K. E. , Masetti N. , Maiorano E. , Mundell C. G. , Oates S. R. , Page M. J. , Palazzi E. , Palmerio J. , Pugliese G. , Rau A. , Saccardi A. , Sbarufatti B. , Svinkin D. S. , Tagliaferri G. , van der Horst A. J. , Watson D. J. , Ulanov M. V. , Wiersema K. , Xu D. , Zhang J.
Published: August 2022

We present a detailed follow-up of the very energetic GRB 210905A at a high redshift ofz = 6.312 and its luminous X-ray and optical afterglow. Following the detection bySwiftand Konus-Wind, we obtained a photometric and spectroscopic follow-up in the optical and near-infrared (NIR), covering both the prompt and afterglow emission from a few minutes up to 20 Ms after burst. With an isotropic gamma-ray energy release ofEiso= 1.27−0.19+0.20× 1054erg, GRB 210905A lies in the top ∼7% of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the Konus-Windcatalogue in terms of energy released. Its afterglow is among the most luminous ever observed, and, in particular, it is one of the most luminous in the optical att ≳ 0.5 d in the rest frame. The afterglow starts with a shallow evolution that can be explained by energy injection, and it is followed by a steeper decay, while the spectral energy distribution is in agreement with slow cooling in a constant-density environment within the standard fireball theory. A jet break at ∼46.2 ± 16.3 d (6.3 ± 2.2 d rest-frame) has been observed in the X-ray light curve; however, it is hidden in theHband due to a constant contribution from the host galaxy and potentially from a foreground intervening galaxy. In particular, the host galaxy is only the fourth GRB host atz > 6 known to date. By assuming a number densityn = 1 cm−3and an efficiencyη = 0.2, we derived a half-opening angle of 8.4 ° ±1.0°, which is the highest ever measured for az ≳ 6 burst, but within the range covered by closer events. The resulting collimation-corrected gamma-ray energy release of ≃1 × 1052erg is also among the highest ever measured. The moderately large half-opening angle argues against recent claims of an inverse dependence of the half-opening angle on the redshift. The total jet energy is likely too large to be sustained by a standard magnetar, and it suggests that the central engine of this burst was a newly formed black hole. Despite the outstanding energetics and luminosity of both GRB 210905A and its afterglow, we demonstrate that they are consistent within 2σwith those of less distant bursts, indicating that the powering mechanisms and progenitors do not evolve significantly with redshift.
Water emission tracing active star formation from the Milky Way to high-z galaxies
Authors: Dutkowska K. M. , Kristensen L. E.
Published: August 2022

Context. The question of how most stars in the Universe form remains open. While star formation predominantly takes place in young massive clusters, the current framework focuses on isolated star formation. This poses a problem when trying to constrain the initial stellar mass and the core mass functions, both in the local and distant Universe.

Aims. One way to access the bulk of protostellar activity within star-forming clusters is to trace signposts of active star formation with emission from molecular outflows. These outflows are bright (e.g., in water emission), which is observable throughout cosmological times, providing a direct observational link between nearby and distant galaxies. We propose to utilize the in-depth knowledge of local star formation as seen with molecular tracers, such as water, to explore the nature of star formation in the Universe.

Methods. We present a large-scale statistical galactic model of emission from galactic active star-forming regions. Our model is built on observations of well-resolved nearby clusters. By simulating emission from molecular outflows, which is known to scale with mass, we create a proxy that can be used to predict the emission from clustered star formation on galactic scales. In particular, the para-H2O 202 − 111 line is well suited for this purpose as it is one of the brightest transitions observed toward Galactic star-forming regions and is now routinely observed toward distant galaxies.

Results. We evaluated the impact of the most important global star formation parameters (i.e., initial stellar mass function, molecular cloud mass distribution, star formation efficiency, and free-fall time efficiency) on simulation results. We observe that for emission from the para-H2O 202 − 111 line, the initial mass function and molecular cloud mass distribution have a negligible impact on the emission, both locally and globally, whereas the opposite holds for star formation efficiency and free-fall time efficiency. Moreover, this water transition proves to be a low-contrast tracer of star formation, with ∫Iν ∝ Menv.

Conclusions. The fine-tuning of the model and adaptation to morphologies of distant galaxies should result in realistic predictions of observed molecular emission and make the galaxy-in-a-box model a tool for analyzing and better understanding star formation throughout cosmological times.
The miniJPAS survey: White dwarf science with 56 optical filters
Authors: López-Sanjuan C. , Tremblay P.-E. , Ederoclite A. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Cenarro A. J. , Marín-Franch A. , Varela J. , Akras S. , Guerrero M. A. , Jiménez-Esteban F. M. , Lopes de Oliveira R. , Chies-Santos A. L. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Abramo R. , Alcaniz J. , Benítez N. , Bonoli S. , Carneiro S. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Taylor K.
Published: August 2022

Aims. We analyze the white dwarf population in miniJPAS, the first square degree observed with 56 medium-band, 145 Å in width optical filters by the Javalambre Physics of the accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS), to provide a data-based forecast for the white dwarf science with low-resolution (R ∼ 50) photo-spectra.

Methods. We define the sample of the bluest point-like sources in miniJPAS with r <  21.5 mag, a point-like probability larger than 0.5, (u − r)< 0.80 mag, and (g − i)< 0.25 mag. This sample comprises 33 sources with spectroscopic information: 11 white dwarfs and 22 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). We estimate the effective temperature (Teff), the surface gravity, and the composition of the white dwarf population by a Bayesian fitting to the observed photo-spectra.

Results. The miniJPAS data are sensitive to the Balmer series and the presence of polluting metals. Our results, combined with those from the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) which has a lower spectral resolution but has already observed thousands of white dwarfs, suggest that J-PAS photometry would permit – down to r ∼ 21.5 mag and at least for sources with 7000 <  Teff <  22 000 K – both the classification of the observed white dwarfs into H-dominated and He-dominated with 99% confidence and the detection of calcium absorption for equivalent widths larger than 15 Å. The effective temperature is estimated with a 2% uncertainty, which is close to the 1% from spectroscopy. A precise estimation of the surface gravity depends on the available parallax information. In addition, the white dwarf population at Teff >  7000 K can be segregated from the bluest extragalactic QSOs, providing a clean sample based on optical photometry alone.

Conclusions. The J-PAS low-resolution photo-spectra would produce precise effective temperatures and atmospheric compositions for white dwarfs, complementing the data from Gaia. J-PAS will also detect and characterize new white dwarfs beyond the Gaia magnitude limit, providing faint candidates for spectroscopic follow-up.
Magnetic thread twisting in a simulated solar atmosphere
Authors: Sumner C. , Taroyan Y.
Published: August 2022

Context. Plasma inflows accompany a variety of processes in the solar atmosphere such as heating of coronal loops and formation of prominences.

Aims. We model a stratified solar atmosphere, within which a simulated prominence thread experiences density accumulation via a plasma inflow designed to mimic the formation process. We aim to investigate the interaction of such a system with torsional perturbations, and the possible consequences.

Methods. The linearised equations of motion and induction are integrated to analyse the spatial and temporal evolution of torsional perturbations that are randomly driven at the photospheric footpoints.

Results. Our results demonstrate that magnetic threads will experience twist amplification. Different sources and sinks of energy and the corresponding amplification mechanisms are identified. Threads reaching chromospheric heights are most susceptible to magnetic twisting with the maximum twist occurring near their footpoints. The amplifying twists are associated with a standing wave behaviour along the simulated threads.

Conclusions. Our work suggests that torsional perturbations may be amplified within prominence threads, with strong magnetic twists forming at the footpoints. The amplification process is facilitated by small length scales in the background magnetic field. On the other hand, a small length scale in the background density inhibits growth. Possible consequences of the amplified twists, including their role in supporting the dense plasma within a prominence structure are discussed.
Quantitative spectroscopy of B-type supergiants
Authors: Weßmayer D. , Przybilla N. , Butler K.
Published: August 2022

Context. B-type supergiants are versatile tools to address a number of highly-relevant astrophysical topics, ranging from stellar atmospheres over stellar and galactic evolution to the characterisation of interstellar sightlines and to the cosmic distance scale.

Aims. A hybrid non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) approach, involving line-blanketed model atmospheres computed under the assumption of LTE in combination with line formation calculations that account for deviations from LTE, is tested for quantitative analyses of B-type supergiants of mass up to about 30 M⊙, characterising a sample of 14 Galactic objects in a comprehensive way.

Methods. Hydrostatic plane-parallel atmospheric structures and synthetic spectra computed with Kurucz’s ATLAS 12 code together with the non-LTE line-formation codes DETAIL/SURFACE are compared to results from full non-LTE calculations with TLUSTY, and the effects of turbulent pressure on the models are investigated. High-resolution spectra at signal-to-noise ratio >130 are analysed for atmospheric parameters, using Stark-broadened hydrogen lines and multiple metal ionisation equilibria, and for elemental abundances. Fundamental stellar parameters are derived by considering stellar evolution tracks and Gaia early data release 3 (EDR3) parallaxes. Interstellar reddening and the reddening law along the sight lines towards the target stars are determined by matching model spectral energy distributions to observed ones.

Results. Our hybrid non-LTE approach turns out to be equivalent to hydrostatic full non-LTE modelling for the deeper photospheric layers of the B-type supergiants under consideration, where most lines of the optical spectrum are formed. Turbulent pressure can become relevant for microturbulent velocities larger than 10 km s−1. The changes in the atmospheric density structure affect many diagnostic lines, implying systematic changes in atmospheric parameters, for instance an increase in surface gravities by up to 0.05 dex. A high precision and accuracy is achieved for all derived parameters by bringing multiple indicators to agreement simultaneously. Effective temperatures are determined to 2–3% uncertainty, surface gravities to better than 0.07 dex, masses to about 5%, radii to about 10%, luminosities to better than 25%, and spectroscopic distances to 10% uncertainty typically. Abundances for chemical species that are accessible from the optical spectra (He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe) are derived with uncertainties of 0.05–0.10 dex (1σ standard deviations). The observed spectra are reproduced well by the model spectra. The derived N/C versus N/O ratios tightly follow the predictions from Geneva stellar evolution models that account for rotation, and spectroscopic and Gaia EDR3 distances are closely matched. Finally, the methodology is tested for analyses of intermediate-resolution spectra of extragalactic B-type supergiants.
Repères et caractéristiques épistémiques de la justice climatique
Authors: Tsayem Demaze Moïse , Philippe Claire
Published: August 2022

Le caractère foisonnant des publications multidisciplinaires sur la justice climatique souligne la nécessité de circonscrire les savoirs structurant ce domaine de recherche. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué une revue de la littérature inventoriée dans Scopus. Elle nous a permis de faire ressortir quatre conceptualisations selon lesquelles la justice climatique est comprise comme une composante spécifique de la justice environnementale, un fardeau-budget à partager, des actions et des mobilisations de la société civile, une transition énergétique juste. Ces conceptualisations sont ensuite situées dans une perspective chronologique qui montre l’évolution et l’enrichissement du champ lexical associé à la justice climatique entre 2004 et 2019. Le relevé des lieux et territoires abordés dans les publications révèle que la justice climatique donne lieu à peu de connaissances empiriques localisées. L’analyse de la thématique phare des rapports de pouvoir et de domination met en évidence les protagonistes (pays développés contre pays en développement, société civile contre États, communautés locales contre industries extractivistes et multinationales) et les enjeux (répartition du fardeau climatique, modèle de développement, justice environnementale). Comme tous les articles répertoriés dans Scopus sont en anglais, nous avons effectué une recherche bibliographique complémentaire dans Cairn et OpenEdition pour analyser des publications francophones. Elles montrent une prédominance des analyses juridiques de la justice climatique. L’article offre un panorama et un éclairage avec des repères soulignant la portée scientifique de la justice climatique en tant que champ de connaissances en construction.
Les expériences du « local ». Variations et tensions autour de l’alimentation locale dans la région marseillaise
Authors: Consalès Jean-Noël , Guiraud Noé , Siniscalchi Valeria
Published: August 2022

Cet article explore les variations de la notion de « local » à partir des pratiques et des discours d’acteurs divers impliqués dans des projets portant sur l’agriculture et l’alimentation. En suivant les divers modes de représentation du local – des discours des acteurs aux textes d’urbanisme – et les pratiques qui les mettent en œuvre, les auteurs (une anthropologue, un géographe et un urbaniste) interrogent la variabilité de cette notion afin d’analyser la manière dont elle est appropriée et reconfigurée en fonction des arènes dans lesquelles elle est mobilisée. Ce texte vise également à réfléchir aux limites et aux apports d’une approche pluridisciplinaire de ces questions : le pari est de montrer que la somme de ces trois approches permet de voir des éléments nouveaux qui n’émergeraient pas de chaque analyse individuelle.
Enseigner et apprendre l’orthographe à l’heure du numérique. Présentation du colloque
Authors: Pagnier Thierry , Crinon Jacques
Published: August 2022

Le colloque international « Enseigner et apprendre l’orthographe à l’heure du numérique » organisé les 25 et 26 octobre 2021, avait l’ambition de participer au dialogue entre chercheurs dans une perspective interdisciplinaire mais aussi au dialogue entre enseignants et chercheurs, pour œuvrer à la résolution de problèmes d’enseignement de l’orthographe, à l’évaluation de dispositifs innovants, avec ou sans le recours à des technologies d’apprentissage. Les actes qui suivent, à l’image du déroulement du colloque, sont structurés autour de quatre axes : (1) activité de l’élève et processus d’apprentissage, (2) les effets des dispositifs et des pratiques, (3) les savoirs, les représentations, la formation des enseignants, (4) orthographe et société.
Décours des traitements de l’accord sujet-verbe lors de la production écrite de phrases sous dictée chez des élèves de terminale de langue française
Authors: Alamargot Denis , Morin Marie-France
Published: August 2022

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser dans quelle mesure, et selon quelles conditions, la procédure de résolution d’un accord sujet-verbe s’engage en amont de la production du verbe, possiblement dès le début de l’écriture de la phrase. Pour ce faire, il a été demandé à 27 élèves de terminale de produire sous dictée, avec ou sans tâche ajoutée, des phrases de type N1 de N2 V, variant en nombre de N1 et congruence du nombre entre N1 et N2. L’analyse des durées d’écriture des constituants de la phrase, et des fixations oculaires sur les syntagmes nominaux lors de l’écriture du verbe, montre, d’une part, que les élèves activent par défaut la procédure du pluriel et, d’autre part, que l’accord est calculé dès le début de l’écriture de la phrase ; son ajustement possible au cours de la production contribuant alors à faire varier les durées de production des syntagmes et des fixations oculaires sur les syntagmes. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard de la mise en oeuvre de la supervision orthographique au cours de la production.
Science facilitation: navigating the intersection of intellectual and interpersonal expertise in scientific collaboration
Authors: Cravens Amanda E. , Jones Megan S. , Ngai Courtney , Zarestky Jill , Love Hannah B.
Published: August 2022

Today’s societal challenges, such as climate change and global pandemics, are increasingly complex and require collaboration across scientific disciplines to address. Scientific teams bring together individuals of varying backgrounds and expertise to work collaboratively on creating new knowledge to address these challenges. Within a scientific team, there is inherent diversity in disciplinary cultures and preferences for interpersonal collaboration. Such diversity contributes to the potential strength of the created knowledge but can also impede progress when teams struggle to collaborate productively. Facilitation is a professional practice-based form of interpersonal expertise that supports group members to do their best thinking. Although facilitation has been demonstrated to support group functioning in a wide range of contexts, its role in supporting scientific teams has been largely overlooked. This essay defines scientific facilitation as a form of interactional expertise and explains how facilitating scientific teams requires skills in managing interpersonal interactions as well as understanding how different types of disciplinary knowledge integrate in the creation of new knowledge. Next, it explains how this science facilitation expertise may be developed through metacognition. Finally, it provides examples of how scientific facilitation could be more widely incorporated into research by describing three pathways to expand the use of facilitation theory and techniques in collaborative scientific research: developing facilitation skills among scientists leading teams, using broadly trained facilitators, and using specialised science facilitators. The strengths and risks of each path are discussed, and criteria are suggested for selecting the right approach for a given team science project.
The current–voltage measurements under flat-top pulsed magnetic fields for non-ohmic transport study
Authors: Wei Wenqi , Yang Ming , Jin Shimin , Zhu Haipeng , Wang Junfeng , Han Xiaotao
Published: August 2022

Investigation of the non-ohmic transport behaviors under high magnetic fields can provide a new way to explore novel field-induced phenomena. We present the current–voltage measurements under high magnetic fields based on the flat-top pulsed magnetic field system. Two different measurement strategies were compared, given that the excitation current swept continuously or increased by a series of pulses. For the short duration of the flat-top pulsed field, the continuous current method was adopted and well optimized to reduce the Joule heating and achieve the quasi-static measurements. Finally, the non-ohmic behaviors of a quasi-one-dimensional charge density wave Li0.9Mo6O17 were successfully studied under the magnetic field up to 30 T at 4.2 K, which was the first current–voltage measurements carried out in pulsed magnetic fields.
Large-eddy simulation of helical- and straight-bladed vertical-axis wind turbines in boundary layer turbulence
Authors: Gharaati Masoumeh , Xiao Shuolin , Wei Nathaniel J. , Martínez-Tossas Luis A. , Dabiri John O. , Yang Di
Published: August 2022

Turbulent wake flows behind helical- and straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in boundary layer turbulence are numerically studied using the large-eddy simulation (LES) method combined with the actuator line model. Based on the LES data, systematic statistical analyses are performed to explore the effects of blade geometry on the characteristics of the turbine wake. The time-averaged velocity fields show that the helical-bladed VAWT generates a mean vertical velocity along the center of the turbine wake, which causes a vertical inclination of the turbine wake and alters the vertical gradient of the mean streamwise velocity. Consequently, the intensities of the turbulent fluctuations and Reynolds shear stresses are also affected by the helical-shaped blades when compared with those in the straight-bladed VAWT case. The LES results also show that reversing the twist direction of the helical-bladed VAWT causes the spatial patterns of the turbulent wake flow statistics to be reversed in the vertical direction. Moreover, the mass and kinetic energy transports in the turbine wakes are directly visualized using the transport tube method, and the comparison between the helical- and straight-bladed VAWT cases show significant differences in the downstream evolution of the transport tubes.
Fluid–fluid phase transitions in a chiral molecular model
Authors: Wang Yiming , Stillinger Frank H. , Debenedetti Pablo G.
Published: August 2022

Molecular chirality is a fundamental phenomenon, underlying both life as we know it and industrial pharmaceutical syntheses. Understanding the symmetry breaking phase transitions exhibited by many chiral molecular substances provides basic insights for topics ranging from the origin of life to the rational design of drug manufacturing processes. In this work, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the fluid–fluid phase transitions of a flexible three-dimensional four-site chiral molecular model developed by Latinwo et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 154503 (2016)] and Petsev et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 155, 084105 (2021)]. By introducing a bias favoring local homochiral vs heterochiral interactions, the system exhibits a phase transition from a single achiral phase to a single chiral phase that undergoes infrequent interconversion between the two thermodynamically identical chiral states: the L-rich and D-rich phases. According to the phase rule, this reactive binary system has two independent degrees of freedom and exhibits a density-dependent critical locus. Below the liquid–liquid critical locus, there exists a first-order vapor–liquid coexistence region with a single independent degree of freedom. Our results provide basic thermodynamic and kinetic insights for understanding many-body chiral symmetry breaking phenomena.
Young children infer and manage what others think about them
Authors: Asaba Mika , Gweon Hyowon
Published: August 2022

We care about what others think of us and often try to present ourselves in a good light. What cognitive capacities underlie our ability to think (or even worry) about reputation, and how do these concerns manifest as strategic self-presentational behaviors? Even though the tendency to modify one’s behaviors in the presence of others emerges early in life, the degree to which these behaviors reflect a rich understanding of what others think about the self has remained an open question. Bridging prior work on reputation management, communication, and theory of mind development in early childhood, here we investigate young children’s ability to infer and revise others’ mental representation of the self. Across four experiments, we find that 3- and 4-y-old children’s decisions about to whom to communicate (Experiment 1), what to communicate (Experiments 2and3), and which joint activity to engage in with a partner (Experiment 4) are systematically influenced by the partner’s observations of the children’s own past performance. Children in these studies chose to present self-relevant information selectively and strategically when it could revise the partner’s outdated, negative representation of the self. Extending research on children’s ability to engage in informative communication, these results demonstrate the sophistication of early self-presentational behaviors: Even young children can draw rich inferences about what others think of them and communicate self-relevant information to revise these representations.
Multiple types of navigational information are independently encoded in the population activities of the dentate gyrus neurons
Authors: Murano Tomoyuki , Nakajima Ryuichi , Nakao Akito , Hirata Nao , Amemori Satoko , Murakami Akira , Kamitani Yukiyasu , Yamamoto Jun , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2022

The dentate gyrus (DG) plays critical roles in cognitive functions, such as learning, memory, and spatial coding, and its dysfunction is implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it remains largely unknown how information is represented in this region. Here, we recorded neuronal activity in the DG using Ca
2+
imaging in freely moving mice and analyzed this activity using machine learning. The activity patterns of populations of DG neurons enabled us to successfully decode position, speed, and motion direction in an open field, as well as current and future location in a T-maze, and each individual neuron was diversely and independently tuned to these multiple information types. Our data also showed that each type of information is unevenly distributed in groups of DG neurons, and different types of information are independently encoded in overlapping, but different, populations of neurons. In alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (αCaMKII) heterozygous knockout mice, which present deficits in spatial remote and working memory, the decoding accuracy of position in the open field and future location in the T-maze were selectively reduced. These results suggest that multiple types of information are independently distributed in DG neurons.
The duper mutation reveals previously unsuspected functions of
Cryptochrome 1
in circadian entrainment and heart disease
Authors: Sisson Chip , Bahiru Michael Seifu , Manoogian Emily N. C. , Bittman Eric L.
Published: August 2022

The
Cryptochrome 1
(
Cry1
)–deficient duper mutant hamster has a short free-running period in constant darkness (τ
DD
) and shows large phase shifts in response to brief light pulses. We tested whether this measure of the lability of the circadian phase is a general characteristic of
Cry1
-null animals and whether it indicates resistance to jet lag. Upon advance of the light:dark (LD) cycle, both duper hamsters and
Cry1
−/−
mice re-entrained locomotor rhythms three times as fast as wild types. However, accelerated re-entrainment was dissociated from the amplified phase-response curve (PRC): unlike duper hamsters,
Cry1
−/−
mice show no amplification of the phase response to 15’ light pulses. Neither the amplified acute shifts nor the increased rate of re-entrainment in duper mutants is due to acceleration of the circadian clock: when mutants drank heavy water to lengthen the period, these aspects of the phenotype persisted. In light of the health consequences of circadian misalignment, we examined effects of duper and phase shifts on a hamster model of heart disease previously shown to be aggravated by repeated phase shifts. The mutation shortened the lifespan of cardiomyopathic hamsters relative to wild types, but this effect was eliminated when mutants experienced 8-h phase shifts every second week, to which they rapidly re-entrained. Our results reveal previously unsuspected roles of
Cry1
in phase shifting and longevity in the face of heart disease. The duper mutant offers new opportunities to understand the basis of circadian disruption and jet lag.
Influences of drought on the stability of an alpine meadow ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ji Ximeng , Xu Mingjie , Zhao Guang , Zheng Zhoutao , Tang Yuanyuan , Chen Ning , Zhu Juntao , He Yongtao , Zhang Yangjian
Published: August 2022

Drought plays a prominent role in affecting ecosystem stability and ecosystem productivity. Based on eddy covariance and climatic observations during 2012–2020, the Fisher discriminant analysis method was employed to accurately detect drought occurrences. Furthermore, the ecosystem water sensitivity and its resistance to drought were quantified to evaluate the ecosystem stability. The results showed that the alpine meadow suffered drought most frequently at the beginning of the growing seasons. However, drought during the peak growing seasons reduced the gross primary productivity (GPP) the most, by 30.5 ± 15.2%. In the middle of the peak growing seasons, the ecosystem water sensitivity was weak, and thus, the resistance to drought was strong, which resulted in high ecosystem stability. At the beginning and end of the peak growing seasons, the ecosystem stability was relatively weak. Ecosystem stability was positively related to the corresponding multiyear average soil water content (SWC
ave
). However, drought occurring during high SWC
ave
periods led to larger reductions in GPP, which indicated that the inhibitory effects of drought on ecosystems were more dependent on the occurrence time of droughts than on ecosystem stability.