bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and workup of immunodeficiencies in recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: A scoping review
Authors: Mandava Shreya , Lin Jessica , Joshua Catherine , Payne Spencer C. , Mattos Jose L.
Published: November 2022

Background

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) may be a risk factor for development of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS). There are currently no clear guidelines for the timing and methodology of PIDD testing in patients with RARS. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and analyze existing literature on this topic.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Articles addressing recurrent acute sinusitis and immunodeficiencies were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and systematically evaluated for eligibility by two reviewers.

Results

Of the 209 unique articles identified, 11 met criteria for review and analysis. Articles consisted of historical cohort, case‐control, and cross‐sectional studies, in addition to case series and nonsystematic reviews. The majority (10) recommended immunodeficiency testing, consisting of general immunologic screening (3), quantitative immunoglobulins (6), and postvaccination antibody titers (5). There was an emphasis on immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass testing (6). Of the eight articles providing timing recommendations, the majority recommended testing after recurrent infections or diagnosis (6); however, criteria for diagnosis of RARS and populations targeted by recommendations varied greatly by article.

Conclusion

Current literature on RARS emphasizes immunoglobulin quantification and postvaccination antibody titers to evaluate for PIDD after diagnosis, but recommendations are limited by wide‐ranging populations of interest and inconsistent definitions. This scoping review identified a lack of evidence‐based articles specific to diagnostic workup for PIDD in patients with RARS, and additional research with standardized definitions and focus on RARS is necessary to guide clinical practice.
Protein‐Inspired Polymers with Metal‐Site‐Regulated Ordered Conformations
Authors: Liu Hang , Zhou Yeqiang , Liu Yang , Wang Zuojie , Zheng Yi , Peng Chuan , Tian Meng , Zhang Qin , Li Jianshu , Tan Hong , Fu Qiang , Ding Mingming
Published: November 2022

Metal ions play critical roles in facilitating peptide folding and inducing conformational transitions, thereby impacting on the biological activity of many proteins. However, the effect of metal sites on the hierarchical structures of biopolymers is still poorly understood. Herein, inspired by metalloproteins, we report an order‐to‐order conformational regulation in synthetic polymers mediated by a variety of metal ions. The copolymers are decorated with clinically available desferrioxamine (DFO) as an exogenous ligand template, which presents a geometric constraint toward peptide backbone via short‐range hydrogen bonding interactions, thus dramatically altering the secondary conformations and self‐assembly behaviors of polypeptides and allowing for a controllable β‐sheet to α‐helix transition modulated by metal–ligand interactions. These metallopolymers could form ferritin‐inspired hierarchical structures with high stability and membrane activity for efficient brain delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and long‐lasting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo.
Hierarchical Integration of Organic Core/Shell Microwires for Advanced Photonics
Authors: Lin Hong‐Tao , Ma Ying‐Xin , Chen Song , Wang Xue‐Dong
Published: November 2022

The combination of multiple components or structures into integrated micro/nanostructures for practical application has been pursued for many years. Herein, a series of hierarchical organic microwires with branch, core/shell (C/S), and branch C/S structures are successfully constructed based on organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals with structural similarity and physicochemical tunability. By regulating the intermolecular CT interaction, single microwires and branch microstructures can be integrated into the C/S and branch C/S structures, respectively. Significantly, the integrated branch C/S microwires, with multicolor waveguide behavior and branch structure multichannel waveguide output characteristics, can function as an optical logic gate with multiple encoding features. This work provides useful insights for creating completely new types of organic microstructures for integrated optoelectronics.
A dynamic supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method for fabricating wrinkled surface to enhance triboelectric nanogenerator performance
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Miaomiao , Ni Gaolei , Mi Hao‐Yang , Dong BinBin , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: November 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy harvester to overcome the energy depletion issue. The surface structure has been considered as an effective way to enhance the triboelectric performance. Herein, a dynamic supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming method, which introduced a scCO2 flow field during scCO2 saturation, was proposed to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foams with surface wrinkly structures. The size of the surface wrinkles could be regulated in the range of 1.8–10 μm by varying the foaming pressure. The surface wrinkled TPU film with wrinkle wave length of 2.4 μm demonstrated an excellent enhancement in output voltage (130%), current (180%), and maximum transfer charge (130%) when paired with surface structured polydimethylsiloxane film in a TENG. Due to the excellent durability and flexibility of the composing materials, the developed TENG showed outstanding stability in long‐term continuous operation. With a high power density of 0.5 W/m2 achieved on a 107 Ω external load, the flexible TENG could be used to charge capacitors, power light‐emitting‐diodes, and served as a self‐powered sensor to detect various human movement behaviors. This work provides a new path for the fabrication of surface wrinkled films for the sustainable development of high performance TENGs.
Facile production of graphene quantum dots using a molecular adhesive membrane filter
Authors: Kim Yuejin , Min Kyoung‐Ik , Jeong Sanghwa , Lee Kyueui
Published: November 2022

Despite the myriad of studies on graphene quantum dots (GQDs), the commercialization of GQDs has been extremely limited until recently. The biggest bottleneck is the absence of a method for the mass production of GQDs. In this paper, we report a facile method for separating GQDs from chemically modified graphene suspensions using a filter paper embedded with polydopamine nanoparticles. The polydopamine nanoparticles, which have excellent molecular adhesion, interact more preferably with graphene oxide (GO) than with GQDs owing to the larger size of GO particles and high ratio of oxygenated functional groups in GO. We analyze the electron diffraction patterns, photoluminescence properties, and diameter/height profiles of the collected GQDs and conclude that the proposed separation technique yields high‐purity GQDs. We believe that this technology can revolutionize the GQD field and relevant applications in fuel cells, semiconductors, bioimaging, and biosensing.
Central injection of abscisic acid attenuates mood disorders induced by subchronic stress in male mice
Authors: Shabani Mohammad , Ranjbar Hoda , Soti Monavareh , Naderi Reyhaneh
Published: November 2022

Stressful life increases the risk of mental and psychological disorders and cognitive deficits. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that has been recently discovered in mammalians. ABA is produced in response to stressful stimuli and it can reduce anxiety‐like behaviors and depression and improve cognitive function. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of microinjection of ABA on depression, anxiety, passive avoidance learning and memory deficits induced by subchronic stress. ABA (10 and 15 g/mouse, i.c.v.) was administered one week after recovery period for 4 consecutive days. A three‐session forced swimming test (FST) protocol for induction of subchronic stress was administered to the mice. Exploratory, anxiety‐like behavior, depression and cognitive function were assessed 24 h after the last swim stress session. The results indicated that ABA (15 g/mouse) could ameliorate anxiety and depression induced by FST. In addition, ABA had no effect on the subchronic stress‐induced cognitive impairments. Taken together, the results suggest that ABA could improve anxiety and depression induced by subchronic stress.
Pancreatic cancer survival trends in the US from 2001 to 2014: a CONCORD‐3 study
Authors: Nikšić Maja , Minicozzi Pamela , Weir Hannah K , Zimmerman Heather , Schymura Maria J , Rees Judith R , Coleman Michel P , Allemani Claudia ,   US CONCORD Working Group
Published: November 2022

Background

Survival from pancreatic cancer is low worldwide. In the US, the 5‐year relative survival has been slightly higher for women, whites and younger patients than for their counterparts, and differences in age and stage at diagnosis [Corrections added Nov 16, 2022, after first online publication: a new affiliation is added to Maja Nikšić] may contribute to this pattern. We aimed to examine trends in survival by race, stage, age and sex for adults (15‐99 years) diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the US.

Methods

This population‐based study included 399,427 adults registered with pancreatic cancer in 41 US state cancer registries during 2001‐2014, with follow‐up to December 31, 2014. We estimated age‐specific and age‐standardized net survival at 1 and 5 years.

Results

Overall, 12.3% of patients were blacks, and 84.2% were whites. About 9.5% of patients were diagnosed with localized disease, but 50.5% were diagnosed at an advanced stage; slightly more among blacks, mainly among men. No substantial changes were seen over time (2001‐2003, 2004‐2008, 2009‐2014). In general, 1‐year net survival was higher in whites than in blacks (26.1% vs. 22.1% during 2001‐2003, 35.1% vs. 31.4% during 2009‐2014). This difference was particularly evident among patients with localized disease (49.6% in whites vs. 44.6% in blacks during 2001‐2003, 60.1% vs. 55.3% during 2009‐2014). The survival gap between blacks and whites with localized disease was persistent at 5 years after diagnosis, and it widened over time (from 24.0% vs. 21.3% during 2001‐2003 to 39.7% vs. 31.0% during 2009‐2014). The survival gap was wider among men than among women.

Conclusions

Gaps in 1‐ and 5‐year survival between blacks and whites were persistent throughout 2001‐2014, especially for patients diagnosed with a localized tumor, for which surgery is currently the only treatment modality with the potential for cure.
The influence of social media addiction on compulsive buying behaviour: A comparative analysis ofLGBT+ and heterosexual consumers
Authors: Maccarrone‐Eaglen Agata , Schofield Peter
Published: November 2022

Despite the significant research on the impact of social media in people's lives, little is known about the extent to which social media impacts on compulsive buying behaviour (CBB). Moreover, previous studies of this relationship sampled heterosexual or non‐sexually identified populations. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by examining the impact of social media use and its addiction on CBB, together with the moderating influence of self‐efficacy (SEF), through a comparative analysis of heterosexual and LGBT+ consumers. The results reveal that LGBT+ consumers are significantly more prone to both addictions than heterosexuals, but that social media addiction (SMA) has a stronger impact on CBB amongst heterosexuals. Moreover, SEF has a non‐significant influence on CBB amongst both heterosexual and LGBT+ consumers and does not significantly moderate the impact of SMA on compulsive buying behaviour in either sample. Furthermore, the findings suggest that both heterosexual and LGBT+ non‐compulsive consumers could be vulnerable to compulsive buying addiction through social media exposure and the fear of missing out.
The finitude of life—How mortality salience affects consumer behavior: A review
Authors: Gobrecht Friederike , Marchand André
Published: November 2022

The influence of mortality salience (MS) on consumer behavior has been well‐established over the last 25 years. However, research findings have provided divergent insights with regard to the direction of its outcomes. This article provides a systematic review of the extant research stream thereby revealing how the differences are primarily due to the conceptualization and operationalization of MS. Based on a conceptual revision of MS, we suggest an extended definition of the concept. An extensive overview of empirical findings, together with a holistic presentation of influential factors, offers a foundation for further MS studies conducted in a consumer behavior context, concluding with an extensive research agenda.
Evolution and trends in consumer behaviour: Insights from Journal of Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Kumar Satish , Pandey Nitesh , Verma Deepak , Kumar Divesh
Published: November 2022

The way consumers behave is fundamental to marketing. Journal of Consumer Behaviour (JCB) is an international journal dedicated to publishing the latest developments of consumer behaviour. To gain an understanding of the evolution and trends in consumer behaviour, this study presents a retrospective review of JCB using bibliometric analysis. Using bibliographic records of JCB from Scopus, this study finds that consumer behaviour research in JCB has grown substantially in terms of collaboration (co‐authorships), global reach (countries), productivity (publications), and impact (citations). The major themes explored by consumer behaviour research in JCB include consumer information processing, consumption communities, consumption value, sustainable consumption, intergenerational consumer behaviour, consumer‐brand relationship, consumer ethics, and conditional relationships in consumer behaviour. The most recent consumer behaviour research in JCB has considered externalities such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and focused on themes such as consumer ethics and sustainable consumption in line with the global movement toward environmental social governance (ESG) and sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Elastohydrodynamic Simulation of Pneumatic Sealing Friction Considering 3D Surface Topography
Authors: Bauer Niklas , Baumann Matthias , Feldmeth Simon , Bauer Frank , Schmitz Katharina
Published: November 2022

This contribution presents an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model for pneumatic spool valves. For an accurate estimation of the transient friction of this tribological sealing system, the surface topography of the cylindrical sealing counterfaces of the valve housings are measured and analyzed with an optical surface measurement instrument. Based on the surface topography data, tribological properties and flow factors of the system are derived. It has been found that the consideration of the surface topography has a significant influence on the simulation results of the EHL model, lowering the calculated friction force by up to 20 %.
Single‐Use Systems in Aseptic Processing: Sterility Risk Mitigation Using a Point of Use Integrity Test
Authors: Batt Nicholas , Biel Simone , Raye Charles , Rutigliani Nicola
Published: November 2022

In this case study, a biotech drug product manufacturing site located in Bari/Italy was looking to develop a single‐use system integrity test at the point of use. The aim was to support the implementation of single‐use technology for filling of an innovative immune‐oncologic drug using a state‐of the‐art manufacturing isolator line. This publication describes the method development and validation of a process‐specific single‐use system integrity test considering both the technical challenges of testing the integrity of a single‐use system as well as the integrity assurance requirements in a good manufacturing practice environment.
Orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of an Asiatic lion, an African lion, and a Southeast African cheetah
Authors: Oddes Demi , Ngwenya Ayanda , Malungo Illke B. , Burkevica Anita , Hård Therese , Bertelsen Mads. F. , Spocter Muhammad A. , Scantlebury D. Michael , Manger Paul R.
Published: November 2022

Employing orexin‐A immunohistochemistry, we describe the distribution, morphology, and nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons within the hypothalami of an Asiatic lion (Panthera leo subsp. persica), an African lion (Panthera leo subsp. melanochaita), and a Southeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus subsp. jubatus). In all three felids, the clustering of large, bipolar, and multipolar hypothalamic orexinergic neurons primarily follows the pattern observed in other mammals. The orexinergic neurons were found, primarily, to form three distinct clusters—the main, zona incerta, and optic tract clusters. In addition, large orexinergic neurons were observed in the ventromedial supraoptic region of the hypothalamus, where they are not typically observed in other species. As has been observed in cetartiodactyls and the African elephant, a cluster of small, multipolar orexinergic neurons, the parvocellular cluster, was observed in the medial zone of the hypothalamus in all three felids, although this parvocellular cluster has not been reported in other carnivores. In both subspecies of lions, but not the cheetah, potential orexin‐immunopositive neurons were observed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, the lateral part of the retrochiasmatic area, and the inner layer of the median eminence. The distribution and parcellation of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of the three felids studied appear to be more complex than observed in many other mammals and for the two subspecies of lion may be even more complex. These findings are discussed in terms of potential technical concerns, phylogenetic variations of this system, and potentially associated functional aspects of the orexinergic system.
Assessing Medicines for Use in the Geriatric Population
Authors: Cerreta Francesca , Vučić Katarina , Laslop Andrea
Published: November 2022

The aging processes alter the body's response to a medicine's pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and susceptibility to adverse effects. In addition, older adults, especially the oldest age category (85+ years) or those with multiple chronic health conditions, polypharmacy, or frailty, are under‐represented in clinical trials of new medicines. Evidence‐based prescribing guidelines based on these trials might result in inappropriate prescription, increasing the risk of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. Regulators face a conundrum between acquiring sufficient data and putting susceptible patients at risk in the early stages of a development program, when little is known about a medicine's effects. Healthcare professionals and patients deserve to have access to clear information on the knowledge and evidence gaps leading to the approval of a new medicinal product. This should also include proper consideration of the population of older patients. In the present article, we outline the approach taken by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulators in the assessment of a new medicine's dossier.
Recent Catalytic Advances on the Sustainable Production of Primary Furanic Amines from the One‐Pot Reductive Amination of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Truong Cong Chien , Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Suh Young‐Woong
Published: November 2022

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) represents a well‐known class of lignocellulosic biomass‐derived platform molecules. With the presence of many reactive functional groups in the structure, this versatile building block could be valorized into many value‐added products. Among well‐established catalytic transformations in biorefinery, the reductive amination is of particular interest to provide valuable N‐containing compounds. Specifically, the reductive amination of 5‐HMF with ammonia (NH3) and molecular hydrogen (H2) offers a straightforward and sustainable access to primary furanic amines [i. e., 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfuryl amine (HMFA) and 2,5‐bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF)], which display far‐reaching utilities in pharmaceutical, chemical, and polymer industries. In the presence of heterogeneous catalysts contanining monometals (Ni, Co, Ru, Pd, Pt, and Rh) or bimetals (Ni−Cu and Ni−Mn), this elegant pathway enables a high‐yielding and chemoselective production of HMFA/BAMF compared to other synthetic routes. This Review aims to present an up‐to‐date highlight on the supported metal‐catalyzed reductive amination of 5‐HMF with elaborate studies on the role of metal, solid support, and reaction parameters. Besides, the recyclability/adaptability of catalysts as well as the reaction mechanism are also provided to give valuable insights into this potential 5‐HMF valorization strategy.
The impact of Pleistocene glaciations and environmental gradients on the genetic structure of Embothrium coccineum
Authors: Sepúlveda‐Espinoza Francisco , Bertin‐Benavides Ariana , Hasbún Rodrigo , Toro‐Núñez Óscar , Varas‐Myrik Antonio , Alarcón Diego , Guillemin Marie‐Laure
Published: November 2022

The South American temperate forests were subjected to drastic topographic and climatic changes during the Pliocene‐Pleistocene as a consequence of the Andean orogeny and glacial cycles. Such changes are common drivers of genetic structure and adaptation. Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) is an emblematic tree of the South American temperate forest (around 20°S of latitude) that has strongly been affected by topographic and climatic events. Previous studies have shown a marked genetic structure in this species, and distinct ecotypes have been described. Yet, little is known about their adaptive genetic responses. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of historical and contemporary landscape features affecting the genetic diversity and connectivity of E. coccineum throughout its current natural distribution. Using over 2000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified two genetic groups (a Northern and a Central‐Southern group) that diverged around 2.8 million years ago. The level of genetic structure was higher among populations within the Northern genetic group than within the Central‐Southern group. We propose that these differences in genetic structure may be due to differences in the assemblages of pollinators and in the evolutionary histories of the two genetic groups. Moreover, the data displayed a strong pattern of isolation by the environment in E. coccineum, suggesting that selection could have led to adaptive divergence among localities. We propose that in the Chilean temperate forest, the patterns of genetic variation in E. coccineum reflect both a Quaternary phylogenetic imprint and signatures of selection as a consequence of a strong environmental gradient.
Shear and Solvent‐Mediated Fabrication of Layered Double‐Hydroxide Superstructures for High‐Rate Supercapacitor Cathodes
Authors: Jose Nicholas A. , Kovalev Mikhail , Lapkin Alexei A.
Published: November 2022

The development of sustainable energy economies is blocked by the lack of stable electrical energy sources with high power and energy densities. Next‐generation supercapacitors utilizing 2D layered double hydroxides (LDHs) promise to fill this need in hybrid and standalone architectures; however, despite their high power and energy densities, LDH supercapacitors have poor stability. New methods for creating robust LDH electrodes are necessary to prevent this degradation. Herein, the recently developed annular microreactor is used to synthesize defect‐rich NiCoLDH nanocrystals. A simple, solvent‐based method is used to rationally generate binder‐free, superstructured thin films on Ni foam electrodes. Control over crystallite size, thinness, and orientation improves contact with the conductive substrate, increases reactivity, and improves structural stability. Optimized electrodes are fabricated with specific capacitances from 3000 to 5000 F g−1 at charging rates as high as 1000 A g−1, a performance that is retained after 20 000 cycles. This is twice as stable at 5000 times the current density of the most stable reported Ni‐based supercapacitor. Ultimately, this study addresses key concerns in electrode development, introduces new approaches through reactor technology and solvent‐mediated assembly, and opens new ground for more fundamental inquiries into the mechanisms of electron transport in 2D systems.
Preparation of F and N Co‐Doped Fe–N–C Catalyst and Evaluation of its Oxygen Reduction Performance
Authors: He Xinfu , Chang Liaobo , Li Keke , Wu Hongju , Tang Yong , Gao Fan , Li Xingtang , Zhang Yating , Zhou Anning
Published: November 2022

The problems of underdeveloped pores and high electrochemical impedance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts need to be urgently addressed. Heteroatoms F and N are doped on precursor Fe‐zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐8 to increase the activity of Fe‐ZIF‐8‐derived porous carbon materials and a noble metal‐free high‐activity ORR catalyst F–N/FeNC with 3D interconnected porous structure and high conductivity is successfully prepared. Experiments show that the synergistic effect of CF ionic bonds, pyridinic‐N, pyrrolic‐N, graphitic‐N, FeNx sites, and CF semi‐ionic bonds in F–N/FeNC can improve the ORR activity of the F–N/FeNC. The developed F–N/FeNC is advantageous with excellent specific surface area, ultra‐high electrical conductivity, and extremely high ORR mass transfer efficiency. As such, the F–N/FeNC has a high onset potential of 0.95 V (vs RHE) and a half‐wave potential of 0.84 V (vs RHE), implying excellent ORR performance even better than commercially available Pt/C catalyst. In addition, the carefully prepared F–N/FeNC demonstrated higher long‐term durability and excellent resistance to methanol influence compared with commercially available Pt/C catalyst. The developed strategy provides new insights into heteroatom‐doped metal–organic frameworks as a precursor of ORR catalysts.
Highly Stable Asymmetric Viologen as an Anolyte for Aqueous Organic and Halide‐Based Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Ambrose Bebin , Naresh Raghupandiyan , Kathiresan Murugavel , Ulaganathan Mani , Ragupathy Pitchai
Published: November 2022

In redox flow batteries (RFBs), energy density mainly depends on the volume and concentration of active species in electrolyte. However, the poor solubility of organic molecules limits the further development of aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). Herein, the viologen core structure is modified with asymmetric functional groups such as propyl and triethyl ammonium propyl for enhancing the solubility up to 1.82 m in aqueous medium. Further, the modified viologen structure lowers the redox potential (−0.58 V vs Ag/AgCl) and significantly reduces radical dimerization. Interestingly, synthesized [1‐propyl‐1’‐(3‐triethylammonio)propyl‐4,4’‐bipyridinium tribromide] (PV3+) coupled with bromide/bromine (2Br−/Br2) redox species shows cell voltage (1.66 V). The tested PV3+/PV2+•||2Br−/Br2 RFB having Nafion‐117 membrane exhibits a round‐trip efficiency of 99% over 100 cycles. The self‐discharge behavior of PV3+/PV2+•||2Br−/Br2 RFB system retains 85% of the cell voltage over 20 h, indicating the lowest permeability of bromine in RFB. Thus, the present approach of viologen modification with asymmetric functionalities drastically improves the RFB performance in terms of energy density and cycle life of the system.
Bimetal Synergetic Strategy of Nickel Iron Selenides to Improve the Catalytic Activity and Cyclic Stability in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Pengkun , Yu Miao , Zheng Xin , Duan Ruijuan
Published: November 2022

Due to the shortage of freshwater resources and uneven distribution, the dye‐sensitized solar cell has become an effective strategy to obtain green electric energy. However, the counter electrode (CE) is the bottleneck that restricts the development of this technology. Herein, a novel ternary nickel iron selenide with octahedral structure using a simple solvothermal strategy assisted by d‐(+)‐glucose (Ni0.5Fe0.5Se2/C) has been designed and applied as CE catalyst for the first time. Profiting from the synergistic effect between Ni and Fe, the simulative cell with the Ni0.5Fe0.5Se2/C CE yields a superior efficiency of 9.37% to corresponding pure selenides, notably outperforming that of conventional Pt CE (8.79%).
Control nodes based loading method: A versatile approach for multi‐degree‐of‐freedom loading in quasi‐static tests and hybrid simulations
Authors: Yang Ge , Wu Bin , Wang Zhen , Xu Guoshan , Wang Shangzhang
Published: November 2022

In quasi‐static and hybrid tests, accurate reproduction of structural responses often requires multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (multi‐DOF) loading methods. A successful loading method should not only be used on specific specimens for research purposes, but also be applicable to all possible types of specimen and testing setups for engineering purposes. However, for different specimens, the concerned nodes and DOFs differ in size, leading to non‐uniform kinematic transformation between the Cartesian system and the actuators/transducers coordinate systems. While for different testing setups, the type of loading targets on each DOF varies, they can be displacement or force. These diversities together make it difficult to achieve versatility in applying loading methods. To address this challenge, a control nodes based loading method was proposed. This method was constructed based on the viewpoint that any specimen can be treated as a combination of several control nodes, and the loading loop should be constructed on each control node. In this method, at first, the loading targets, actuators and external transducers were assigned to each control node accordingly. Then, the loading loops were constructed based on each control node instead of the entire specimen DOFs, which is capable of achieving uniform kinematic transformation and also convenient to apply redundant controlling. Finally, all the control nodes were assembled in one closed loop to support mixed force‐displacement loading considering the coupling of multiple DOFs. Hybrid tests and quasi‐static tests of a full‐scale steel frame were carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed loading method.
Day Programs for children and adolescents with eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Govind , Shin So Min , Rees Bronwyn
Published: November 2022

Day programs have received significant consideration within psychological literature as part of a continuum of mental health services. With increasing attention on the prevalence of eating disorders in children and adolescents, and the need for early intervention to minimize the costs and burden of the disorder, eating disorder day programs (also referred as partial hospitalization) have begun to emerge around the world. Despite their widespread use, no reviews to date have examined the efficacy of day programs for the treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents. The current narrative literature review aims to describe and evaluate the efficacy of day programs for children and adolescents. The literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and aimed to explore the outcomes and common program elements of day programs to guide clinical practice and service development. The review found variations amongst the day programs related to program elements, measures utilized and outcomes. Overall, the results suggest that day programs for children and adolescents are effective at restoring body weight, reducing eating disorder symptoms and addressing comorbid mental health concerns.
The relationship between body mass index and food preoccupation in women: A moderated mediation of body‐related self‐conscious emotions and self‐esteem
Authors: Razmus Magdalena , Czubak‐Paluch Katarzyna , Brytek‐Matera Anna
Published: November 2022

Objective

Individuals who are preoccupied with food are more likely to develop maladaptive eating behaviours and eating disorders. Thus, it is advisable to investigate the factors that increase vulnerability to food preoccupation (FP) to prevent its harmful impact on physical and mental health. Our objective in this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and FP in Polish women (N = 407) and examine a possible pathway through body‐related shame and body‐related guilt and self‐esteem.

Method

Participants completed an abbreviated version of the Eating Attitudes Test–26, the Body and Appearance Self‐Conscious Emotions Scale, and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale.

Results

The findings demonstrated a positive indirect effect of BMI on FP through body‐related shame and body‐related guilt. However, this effect was moderated by self‐esteem only for body‐related shame; namely, in women with a low or average level of self‐esteem, higher BMI was related to higher body‐related shame, which, in turn, was associated with higher levels of FP. These associations were not observed in women with a high level of self‐esteem.

Discussion

Body‐related shame may help explain the relationship between BMI and FP. Moreover, self‐esteem serves as a protective factor against body‐related shame related to higher BMI and, as a result, against FP.
Specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes reduces reactive astrocyte formation and promotes recovery after early postnatal traumatic brain injury in mouse cortex
Authors: Liu Yitong , Hong Wentong , Gong Pifang , Qi Guibo , Wang Xiaoxuan , Kang Siying , Tang Han , Qin Song
Published: November 2022

In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury, astrocytes go through a series of alterations, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, ranging from changes in gene expression and cell hypertrophy to permanent astrocyte borders around stromal cell scars in CNS lesions. The mechanisms underlying injury‐induced reactive astrocytes in the adult CNS have been extensively studied. However, little is known about injury‐induced reactive astrocytes during early postnatal development. Astrocytes in the mouse cortex are mainly produced through local proliferation during the first 2 weeks after birth. Here we show that Sox2, a transcription factor critical for stem cells and brain development, is expressed in the early postnatal astrocytes and its expression level was increased in reactive astrocytes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) at postnatal day (P) 7 in the cortex. Using a tamoxifen‐induced hGFAP‐CreERT2; Sox2flox/flox; Rosa‐tdT mouse model, we found that specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes greatly inhibited the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, the formation of glia limitans borders and subsequently promoted the tissue recovery after postnatal TBI at P7 in the cortex. In addition, we found that injury‐induced glia limitans borders were still formed at P2 in the wild‐type mouse cortex, and knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes inhibited the reactivity of both astrocytes and microglia. Together, these findings provide evidence that Sox2 is essential for the reactivity of astrocytes in response to the cortical TBI during the early postnatal period and suggest that Sox2‐dependent astrocyte reactivity is a potential target for therapeutic treatment after TBI.
HR practices and work relationships: A 20 year review of relational HRM research
Authors: Bannya Anindita Roy , Bainbridge Hugh T. J. , Chan‐Serafin Suzanne
Published: November 2022

We systematically reviewed quantitative studies of phenomena at the nexus of Human Resource Management (HRM) and interpersonal relationships. We report on the overall prevalence and trends in research methods relating to construct, internal, external, and statistical conclusion validity. The review draws attention to areas of emphasis (positive relationships, instrumental ties, nonnetwork structures, employee respondents, samples drawn from Asia, HR perceptions). We also identify a growing emphasis on particularly desirable approaches to examining relational HRM (a more balanced consideration of positive and negative relationships, studies that examine more than one HR practice, multilevel analyses). Together, the identified areas of emphasis, gaps, and associated trends, inform our elucidation of research directions around 15 specific work relationships—along with more general directions for better accounting for dynamic, multilevel, measurement, and analytical considerations central to HRM and interpersonal relationships.
Microbial Communication via Pyrazine Signaling: A New Class of Signaling Molecules Identified in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Silpe Justin E. , Duddy Olivia P. , Papenfort Kai
Published: November 2022

Quorum sensing is a microbial signaling process that relies on the production, release, and response to extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers. This Review covers quorum‐sensing systems controlled by a pyrazine‐type autoinducer, 3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazin‐2‐ol (DPO). The systems we cover span the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, where DPO regulates pathogenicity and biofilm formation, and phage VP882, where DPO controls lytic development and viral dissemination. In both cases, detection of DPO occurs via a dedicated receptor‐transcription factor called VqmA. In V. cholerae, DPO activates the production of the VqmR regulatory RNA, and in the phage, DPO triggers production of the small protein Qtip. We present our current understanding of DPO biosynthesis, ongoing efforts to resolve the mechanisms underlying DPO‐mediated signal transduction, and a forward‐facing perspective on the role of DPO in human health and undiscovered pyrazine‐based signals in biology, more broadly.
TIGIT-expressing zoledronate-specific γδ T cells display enhanced antitumor activity
Authors: You Hongqin , Zhu Huifang , Zhao Yajie , Guo Jindong , Gao Quanli
Published: November 2022

Human γδ T cells hold a pivotal role in tumor immunosurveillance through their prompt activation and cytokine secretion and have received much attention in adoptive immunotherapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the therapeutic effects are limited in ccRCC. Therefore, it is now critical to improve therapeutic strategies based on γδ T cells, especially identification of functional γδ T cell subsets. In this study, we aimed to identify γδ T cells that might have enhanced responses against ccRCC. Bioinformatic analysis showed that ccRCC patients with high T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) expression had higher levels of effector molecules. Then, we examined the changes in the TIGIT+ γδ T cell percentages of 6 ccRCC patients and 14 healthy subjects through zoledronate (ZOL) stimulation. Results indicated that percentages of TIGIT+ γδ T cells were positively correlated with activated γδ T cells in early activation stage. Further study demonstrated that TIGIT+ γδ T cells exhibited enhanced activation, contained more terminally differentiated effector γδ T cells and produced higher cytokine compared with TIGIT- γδ T cells. Finally, we investigated the functions and found that TIGIT+ γδ T cells exhibited stronger tumor reactivities and higher cytotoxicity when challenged by tumor cells. Above results imply that TIGIT+ γδ T cells are the main effectors in ZOL recognition and tumor cells challenging. The results of the present study serve as basis for future functional studies on TIGIT+ γδ T cells and provide a promising approach of immunotherapy in ccRCC.
Infantile primary carnitine deficiency: A severe cardiac presentation unresponsive to carnitine supplementation
Authors: Louis Lebreton , Margaux Gaschignard , Claire Guibet , Delphine Lamireau , Sandrine Roche , Emmanuel Richard , Cécile Ged , Samir Mesli , Isabelle Redonnet‐Vernhet
Published: November 2022

Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is an inherited disease of fatty acid beta‐oxidation with autosomal recessive inheritance. The disease manifests as metabolic decompensation with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia associated with cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, rhabdomyolysis, and seizures. Various outcomes are described from asymptomatic adults to dramatic sudden infant death syndrome cases. We present a severe case of PCD decompensation in an 18‐week‐old female. She presented with hypotonia, moaning, diarrhea, and vomiting at the pediatric emergency. Initially suspected as intracranial hypertension, the clinical condition evolved rapidly and caused a reversible cardiac arrest with profound hypoglycemia. Despite carnitine supplementation, she succumbed from cardiac arrhythmia and multivisceral failure 4 days after admission. The genetic analyses showed a PCD with biallelic pathogenic variants of SLC22A5 gene. The case report is notable for the severity of the cardiac damage possibly favored by maternal carnitine deficiency during pregnancy. The analysis of previously published PCD cases highlights (i) the importance of having large access to emergency biochemical tests for early therapeutic care although the disease has unpredictable severity and (ii) the fact that the clinical outcome remains unpredictable if carnitine treatment is initiated late.
Temperature‐dependent alcohol acyltransferase reactions as the main enzymatic way to produce short‐chain (C4–C8) and medium‐chain (C9–C13) esters over the whole Daqu‐making process
Authors: Wang Yan , Du Yake , Jin Xuelian , Xia Yu , Zhao Yajiao , Wu Zhengyun , Gomi Katsuya , Zhang Wenxue
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The ester‐synthesis enzymes influenced by environmental factors during Daqu‐making process largely determine the flavor of Chinese liquor, but the main ester‐synthesis enzyme and its key influencer remain unclear. Here, the volatile ester profiles over the whole Daqu‐making process, under different treatments, for at least 90 days, were carefully analyzed, and the potential ester‐synthesis enzymes, as well as their dependently environmental factors, were explored.

RESULTS

In the detected 46 volatile esters, only the short‐chain (C4–C8) and medium‐chain (C9–C13) ester content obviously changed, as the primary contributor discriminating different samples. Their trends were both consistent with that of the alcohols and the primary metabolism, which included alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) reaction with alcohols and acyl‐CoAs as the substrates. Among the potential ester‐synthesis enzymes, the typical AAT activity also exhibited the highest correlation with the short‐ and medium‐chain esters (r > 0.78, P < 0.05). The Mantel test between environmental factors and ester production showed that temperature of Daqu was directly correlated with the short‐chain esters (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and AAT activity (r = 0.56, P < 0.01). Further, the short‐ and medium‐chain ester content in Daqu under the treatment nearer to the reported optimal temperature of 40–50 °C of AATs reaction was overall higher than that of the other treatment Daqu.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that the temperature‐dependent AATs reaction was the main enzymatic method producing the short‐ and medium‐chain esters over the whole Daqu‐making process. The results could contribute to the flavor improvement of Baijiu. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Capn4 regulates Snail to promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by mediating the transcriptional activity of claudin‐11
Authors: Yang Feng , Wang Feng , Gao Ze‐Shou , Quang Guang‐Qian , Hu Hai‐Bei , Zheng Ming
Published: November 2022

The metastasis and recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) contribute to the poor prognosis of patients. Inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an effective strategy to obstruct metastasis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of Capn4 on the EMT of NPC cells and its specific mechanism of action. The mRNA and protein expression levels of objective genes in NPC cell lines (5‐8F and CNE‐2) were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and western blotting methods. The subcellular localization of Capn4 was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). Migration and invasion abilities of NPC cells were examined via wound‐healing and trans‐well methods, and the linkage between Snail and its downstream effector gene (claudin‐11) was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual‐luciferase, and the yeast one‐hybrid assays in series. Over‐expression of Capn4 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and improved the expression of Snail, thus promoting the migration and invasion abilities of NPC cells. Mechanically, claudin‐11 is one of the target genes in NPC cells that Snail regulates in a transcriptional regulatory manner. By blocking the regulatory axis of CAPN4/AKT/Snail/claudin‐11 can significantly inhibit the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells. Capn4 promoted the EMT of NPC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/Snail/claudin‐11 axis, thereby promoting the malignant development of NPC. The Capn4/PI3K/AKT/Snail/claudin‐11 axis might be a novel target to prevent NPC progression.
Posisep Versus PureRegen Gel for Post ESS Nasal Packing – A Randomized Blinded Prospective Study
Authors: Chen Itay , Gete Maru , Sichel Jean Yves , Forer Boaz
Published: November 2022

Objective

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the procedure of choice for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Adhesions are the most common postoperative complications, causing recurrent disease and revision surgery. Postoperative care is thus essential for the healing of the operated cavity. A wide variety of packing materials are used to prevent bleeding and adhesions postoperatively. Two main absorbable packing materials are used: Foam‐based packs (e.g., Posisep and Nasopore) and gel‐based packs (PureRegen Gel – PRG). The current study is a randomized, blinded, prospective analysis of cavity healing using Posisep and PRG in ESS, aiming to compare the pros and cons of the two.

Methods

Patients with bilateral symmetric CRS were recruited for the study. At the end of surgery, one side was randomly packed with Posisep, whereas the other was packed with PRG. The postoperative cavity cleaning was video recorded and a blinded physician evaluated the mucosal healing.

Results

The side packed with Posisep had significantly less middle turbinate (MT) lateralization and adhesions yet dissolved significantly slower than the PRG, causing more mucosal edema. Severe MT scarring requiring recurrent medialization and adhesiolysis was exclusively observed in the PRG group. All differences were observed in the early postoperative period (up to 12 weeks after surgery). By that time, only the MT position was significantly different between groups, despite recurrent adhesiolysis and medialization.

Conclusion

The authors recommend using Posisep for MT support only when it is unstable or lateralized. Packing the surgical cavity in other cases with PRG is more beneficial.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:1834–1838, 2023
Ultrasonographic Features of Salivary Glands after Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Tsur Nir , Avishai Gal , Alkan Uri , Hod Roy , Shpitzer Thomas , Bitton Eden , Gilat Hanna
Published: November 2022

Objective

Chronic sialadenitis is the most common complication of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. The aim of the study was to ascertain sonographic features of the major salivary glands in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) treated with RAI.

Methods

The database of a tertiary medical center was retrospectively searched for consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC in 2011–2020 with ultrasound follow‐up after 1 year. Changes in ultrasound features of the major salivary glands were compared between patients treated or not treated with RAI postoperatively.

Results

The cohort included 158 patients, of whom 109 (69%) were treated postoperatively with RAI (mean dose, 131 mCi) and 49 were not (control group). Sonographic changes were observed in the major salivary glands in 43% of the study group and 18% of the control group (p = 0.002), including coarse echotexture, decreased echogenicity, fibrosis, and atrophy. Higher RAI doses were significantly correlated with the prevalence and severity of glandular changes (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

RAI treatment following thyroidectomy is associated with a dose–response effect and adverse changes in the major salivary glands and should be prescribed carefully.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1271–1275, 2023