bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of water supply services in Chitungwiza: How water supply services mirrors poor governance and lack of management
Authors: Zvobgo Luckson
Published: December 2020

Background: Provision of reliable water services is crucial for urban livelihood. In Chitungwiza, provision of water services has been deteriorating since the millennium with residents losing hope for better services. The poor supply of municipal water in Chitungwiza has led to a chronic ‘dry taps situation’ where household taps are dry from periods of several consecutive days to months.Aim: This article assesses the water supply challenges in Chitungwiza through performance evaluation of the water supply services.Setting: The study was conducted in 26 suburbs in the four residential zones of Chitungwiza Municipality.Methods: Performance evaluation of water supply services was carried out using seven performance indicators: coverage of water supply connection, extent of metering of water connections, presence of leakages, extent of non-revenue water, continuity of water supply, quality of water supplied and efficiency in redressal of customer complaints. Two hundred and ninety-eight semi-structured questionnaires were administered in four residential zones of Chitungwiza. Water distribution system surveillance and key informant interviews were also conducted.Results: The results indicate high non-revenue water, poor water infrastructure maintenance, lack of water investment leading to widespread leakages in the distribution system, poor water quality supply and unreliable services provision. A majority, 80.2%, rated the municipal water supply services as poor. To cope with this new reality, households in Chitungwiza implemented a ‘source switch’ to new sources.Conclusion: Household shallow wells were identified as the main adapting strategy with 51.7% households relying on wells despite concerns about the water quality of the wells. Chitungwiza municipality should implement structural reforms that allow the current water service provision to improve.
Re-envisioning local government studies, research and practice for the future
Authors: Nzewi Ogochukwu I.
Published: December 2020

No abstract available.
Congratulations to the 2019 Recipients of Foundation Research Grants
Authors: Foundation CSHP
Published: December 2020

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Les sensations : Tout est une question de perspective
Authors: Dumont Zack
Published: December 2020

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Le leadership en pharmacie pendant la pandémie de COVID-19
Authors: Zed Peter J
Published: December 2020

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S’adapter à une pandémie
Authors: Mysak Tania
Published: December 2020

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New Horizons for the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
Authors: Shalansky Stephen
Published: December 2020

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De nouveaux horizons pour le Journal canadien de la pharmacie hospitalière
Authors: Shalansky Stephen
Published: December 2020

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Performance of dual-purpose pearl millet genotypes in West Africa: Importance of morphology and phenology
Authors: Serba D.D. , Sy O. , Sanogo M.D. , Issaka A. , Ouedraogo M. , Ango I.K. , Drabo I. , Kanfany G.
Published: December 2020

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a cereal crop vital for food security in West and Central Africa. Its byproducts also serve as fodder for livestock, especially during dry seasons. The objective of this study was to evaluate selected genotypes from West African pearl millet breeding programmes, for dual-purpose (grain and fodder) and elucidate prospects for future breeding. A total of 83 open-pollinated varieties (OPVs), five composites, six landraces, one synthetic and five hybrids were evaluated at 14 environments in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal during the rainy seasons of 2015 and 2016. Combined analysis of data revealed significant differences among genotypes and prevalence of high genotype-by-environment interaction effects. Two stability analyses models consistently indicated that genotypes 10 (SMILBF10), 14 (SMILBF14) and 39 (SMILML5) were widely adaptable across the region. Plant height, panicle length and panicle yield showed significant positive correlations with grain yield; while days to flowering was negatively correlated. Positive correlation between grain and fodder yields indicate possibility for simultaneous improvement involving the two important traits. This result suggests that germplasm exchange and regionally integrated breeding programmes are important for the identification of widely adapted dual-purpose varieties of pearl millet, particularly in West African drylands.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Streptomyces spp. which suppress pathogenic fungi
Authors: Goredema N. , Ndowora T. , Shoko R. , Ngadze E.
Published: December 2020

Streptomyces species are aerobes and chemoorganotrophic bacteria. These microorganisms produce a wide range of industrially significant compounds, specifically antibiotics and anti fungal substances. The objective of this study was to characterise soil-borne Streptomyces isolates using morphological and molecular traits in order to identify them to species level, and leverage from their potential to suppress the growth of Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium italicum. Twenty-seven soil-borne putative Streptomyces, which elicited comprehensive antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium italicum, in a previous study, were evaluated. On the basis of morphology, the bacteria resembled the genus Streptomyces. Initially, colonies phenotypically appeared to have a relatively smooth surface but as growth progressed the bacteria developed a weft of aerial mycelium granular, powdery or velvety in appearance. Bacteria produced a wide variety of pigments which in turn were responsible for the colour of the vegetative and aerial mycelia, colour ranged from white to cream or buff shades and yellow to orange or brown. Microscopic analyses and morphological characteristics generated sub-groups of the isolates and clustered them according to their similarities. One bacterial strain was randomly selected from each cluster and investigated using molecular characteristics. Partial 16S rDNAs from the selected representative isolates from each subgroup, were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis performed. The 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates indicated that they were related to  Streptomyces species: S. bungoensis, S. thermocarboxydus, S. corchorusii and S. lasaliensis, that are known secondary metabolite producers possessing antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens.
VR technologies as an extension to the museum exhibition: A case study of the Silk Road museums in Samarkand
Authors: Żyła Kamil , Montusiewicz Jerzy , Skulimowski Stanislaw , Kayumov Rahim
Published: December 2020

The geographical dispersion of the Silk Road generates a number of problems with the availability of its heritage for visitors. ICT can at least partially address these problems. This article discusses the concept of extending the Silk Road museums’ offer with virtual reality (VR) technologies, which has been tested based on a virtual exhibition, developed through a long-term cooperation between Lublin University of Technology and museums in Samarkand in the field of 3D digitization and dissemination of their exhibitions. A survey of a group of spectators was conducted and its results are discussed. It revealed that VR is a promising technology, widely accepted among spectators and well suited for the specificity of the Silk Road museums, and it could be used primarily to complement traditional exhibitions.
Katı Atık Düzenli Depolamalı Tesislerinde Hata Türü Etkileri Analizi Yöntemiyle İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Risk Analizi-Bingöl Örneği
Authors: BAKİ Mehmet Sıddık , ŞENEL Mine , ŞENEL Bilgin
Published: December 2020

Yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde, Dünyada ve Türkiye’de iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları çok önemli bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yeterince önem verilmemesi, çalışanların genelinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği bilincinin bulunmaması, uzun çalışma saatleri, yoğun iş temposu, kişisel koruyucu kullanmama, tecrübesizlik ve eğitim/bilgi eksikliği, iş kazaların sebeplerin başında gelmektedir. Katı atık düzenli depolama tesislerinde çalışan kişilerin de uzun çalışma saatleri, yoğun iş temposu, tecrübesizlik ve eğitim/bilgi eksikliği gibi nedenlerden dolayı iş kazalarının yüksek oranda yaşandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada bu noktadan hareketle katı atık tesislerinde depolama işlemlerinde karşılaşılabilecek tehlikelerin belirlenerek risk değerlendirmesinin oluşturulması sonucu tehlikelerin kabul edilebilir seviyeye getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin kavramsal çerçevesini, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin genel prosedürlerini Türkiye’deki uygulamalarını konu alan literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Daha sonra ise katı atık tesislerinde depolama işlerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği risklerinin saptanması ve bu risklere karşı ne tür tedbirler alınabileceğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda katı atık düzenli depolama işlemlerinde karşılaşılan tehlike ve riskleri saptamak için hata türleri ve etki analizi yöntemi kullanılıp risk değerlendirmesi çalışması yapılarak çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Conflitos territoriais na Amazônia Oriental, Oeste do Estado do Pará: duas situações distintas, mas a mesma lógica imperativa
Authors: Rodrigues Jondison Cardoso
Published: December 2020

Há hoje na Amazônia novos agentes (estados-nações, multinacionais, bancos e fundos), novos interesses e novas escalas de espoliação e integração financeira, cujos resultados práticos, materializados nos territórios, são de uma padronização de violências e conflitos, por exemplo: intimidações, agressões físicas e verbais, ameaças de morte, tentativas de assassinatos e mesmo assassinatos. Todavia, existe a emergência de particularidades e singularidades, em termos de violências e formas dinâmicas de conflitos na Amazônia Oriental. Tais particularidades e singularidades são “visualizadas” no Oeste do estado Pará, onde mais recentemente se constitui palco (de uma cartografia) de intensificações de conflitos, face principalmente à territorialização do agronegócio (empresas de fertilizantes, armazéns, portos, postos de combustíveis, multinacionais). Considerando tal discussão, o objetivo aqui é descrever e analisar os Conflitos Territoriais (CTs) produzidos junto: 1) à comunidade tradicional em Rurópolis (Comunidade de Santarenzinho); e, 2) à comunidade de pescadores em Itaituba (Colônia de pescadores Z-56), frente à territorialização do agronegócio. A questão a perseguir é: Quais são os atores envolvidos e as formas (singularidades e padrões) de tais CTs assim como os territórios em disputa, “visões de território”, nesses CTs da Amazônia Oriental, oeste do estado do Pará, especificamente a comunidade Santarenzinho e dos pescadores artesanais de Itaituba?
Why Urban Parents Resist Involvement in Their Children’s Elementary Education
Authors: McDermott Peter , Rothenburg Julia
Published: December 2020

We examined the perceptions of teachers and parents about family involvement in urban schools. The study generated from several others that we have been conducting about teaching in high poverty, urban schools. Using focus groups, our purpose was to learn how we could better prepare teachers for urban schools. The data revealed that teachers are frustrated with a lack of parental involvement in literacy activities at home and at school. Parents, however, expressed distrust toward the local elementary school because they felt the faculty has been biased against African American and Latino children and their families. Consequently, the parents said they deliberately decided not to participate in school activities. Parents explained they would only work with teachers who respected and valued their children. Results of our study point to the importance of helping new teachers learn strategies for developing strong trusting relationships and effective communication strategies when working with urban families.
Focus Groups in Ethnography of Communication: Expanding Topics of Inquiry Beyond Participant Observation
Authors: Suter Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Historically, ethnography of communication has viewed participant observation as the central and necessary methodological point of departure for any ethnographic endeavor. However, as this article illustrates, this becomes problematic when particular topics of inquiry do not provide ample opportunities for observation. After struggles to participant observe conversations on women's marital naming practices, I was able to research this topic and produce participant observation-like understandings after I incorporated focus groups into my methods. Based upon these experiences and study, this article urges ethnography of communication scholars to step outside their traditional methodological practices, when necessary, and integrate the focus group method into their research protocols.
Constructivist Instructional Design: Creating a Multimedia Package for Teaching Critical Qualitative Research
Authors: Colon Brandie , Taylor Kay Ann , Willis Jerry
Published: December 2020

Instructors for quantitative research courses often find that there are many different types of support material for those courses. That is not the case with qualitative courses. Very little support material is available for qualitative research courses. In this paper we describe the creation of one multimedia package that focuses on one type of qualitative research - critical ethnographic techniques. The package was created to help graduate students learn to use five critical ethnographic techniques: meaning fields, validity reconstruction, role analysis, power analysis, and horizon analysis. We used a constructivist instructional design model, R2D2, to guide our development work. It is based on an interpretivist epistemology and a constructivist theory of learning. The result was a multimedia instructional package designed and developed for use in courses teaching qualitative research. The hypermedia, multimedia program called The Critical Researchers Guide to Conducting Qualitative Research (CRIT) has three major components: (1) video cases of middle school settings or sites; (2) definitions and descriptions of qualitative strategies; and (3) application of qualitative techniques. The paper describes revisions and reformulations of the instructional package across the instructional design process.
Toward an Understanding of Acquired Hearing Loss in a Family: Narrative Play Format as a New Voice in Qualitative Methodology
Authors: Kent Bruce , Furlonger Brett , Goodrick Delwyn
Published: December 2020

This study examines how the reality of acquired hearing loss effects one family. Some consideration is given to the medical elements of the condition but the primary concern is with the psychological and social affects of hearing loss. The affects of the loss are revealed, by using systematic introspection in a narrative play format. This writing format is evaluated as the chronology of events, emotions, turning points and coping strategies are revealed.
Once Were Science Teachers
Authors: Loughran John , Berry Amanda , Corrigan Deborah
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the development of three pre-service science teacher educators' understandings of some critical incidents in their development of science teachers that has impacted on the manner in which they teach about teaching in a teacher preparation program. The study draws on self-study methodology by situating their reflection on practice within a critical discourse whereby reframing has been important in learning through a reconsideration from particular critical incidents in their high school science teaching experiences. The authors argue that through critical reflection on practice, as illustrated in this paper, that the beginnings of the articulation and documentation of a knowledge base of teaching about teaching might be initiated. They therefore offer some of their emerging views on what that knowledge base might encompass through some assertions of practice that they believe impact on their teaching about teaching.
Building a Typology of Self-Renewal: Reflection Upon-Life Story Research
Authors: Oplatka Izhar
Published: December 2020

The current paper provides a researcher's account of the life-story method used in a study which aimed to identify patterns of the self-renewal process among women school principals in mid-career. The subjects of this study were 25 elementary school women principals aged between 43 and 52 in Israel. The paper outlines the practical aspects of the life-story method and contributes to our understanding of the consecutive pragmatic ways to implement a life-story method aimed to explore and develop a typology of a yet unknown phenomenon. Further, the ethical implications of doing life-story interview are discussed and presented.
"Beyond Number Crunching:" Applying Qualitative Techniques in Sport Marketing Research
Authors: Smith Aaron , Stewart Bob
Published: December 2020

Valid and reliable research is pivotal to successful sport marketing strategy. Market research may be gathered via either quantitative or qualitative means. This paper explores the theoretical background and practical applications of qualitative research techniques. It explains the appropriate context for qualitative approaches, and discusses sampling procedures with particular emphasis on the powerful but simple technique known as theoretical sampling. In addition, it clarifies and explores data analysis procedures. The purpose of this paper is to provide sport market research practitioners with a model for implementing qualitative methodologies in sport marketing campaigns.
Elementary Teachers' Commitment Declines: Antecedents, Processes, and Outcomes
Authors: Joffres Christine , Haughey Margaret
Published: December 2020

This qualitative study examines the organizational, social, and personal factors that may influence elementary teachers' declining commitments. Our findings suggest that when the teachers under study felt unsuccessful, that is, when they experienced low feelings of efficacy and low feelings of community, teachers' commitments' shifted or declined. However, the impact of negative teaching experiences on commitments is far from uniform. Rather the teachers' commitments declined as a function of the teachers' understandings of their perceived failures.
European investment projects in third countries: LEGALLY GREEN?
Authors: Ratsiborinskaya Daria
Published: December 2020

This article provides an overview of the corporate self-regulation by five European-based multilateral financial institutions where European environmental acquis is applied in investment projects in the third countries. Academic research on environmental standards suffers from a certain imbalance. While scientific studies of European ambient standards and standards regulating environmental performance and its consequences are ample, little has been written so far about their application by the European players outside the European Union. This gap in the literature is, however, critical, considering the leading role the Union seeks to play in the proliferation of high environmental standards worldwide. To provide background, existing international incentives to stimulate the ‘greening’ of investment are described, in particular focusing on the launch of European Principles for Environment by some investment banks, which has led to their voluntary application of legal European environmental standards outside of the EU. The article elaborates on the nature and character of standards being applied in the framework of the investment projects. It considers the possibility of a certain mutual influence between the ‘exported’ European and national environmental standards of host countries, leading to an approximation effect. Furthermore, attention is paid to the driving forces behind the voluntary environmental self-regulation. It is argued that homogenous introduction of high legal standards causes a positive effect on general FDI patterns, with investment becoming a stimulus of proper environmental regulation in the host countries. The article also addresses the academic debate around the role of European Union as a normative (green) power, extending its ‘legal space’ beyond its geographical borders. It stands still by the Common Investment Policy that currently takes shape at the Union level. Finally, concluding remarks are presented on the positive role of investment banks in promoting European environmental standards worldwide. It also calls for the comprehensive EU investment regime to stay ahead of international developments.
Market-based Mechanisms as Climate Policies: Insights for Brazil
Authors: Trennepohl Natascha
Published: December 2020

The use of market-based mechanisms as environmental policies to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reduction has been in place for some years and remains an attractive option in the international climate regime. This article intends to highlight basic elements of setting up an emission trading scheme and the corresponding framework in place in Brazil, considering that the country has signaled its intention to encourage the development of the Brazilian Emissions Reduction Market (MBRE). Hence, the structure of the article will be as follows: Initially, basic design elements of an emissions trading scheme are described. Following this, a general overview of the national policy on climate change in Brazil is presented, followed by references to the Brazilian Emissions Reduction Market (Mercado Brasileiro de Redução de Emissões - MBRE) and the recently established Standard for the Voluntary Carbon Market.
Nanomaterials as priority substances under the Water Framework Directive
Authors: Ganzleben Catherine , Hansen Steffen Foss
Published: December 2020

Nanomaterials are particles in the nano-scale that may be manufactured, occur naturally or be produced unintentionally through processes such as combustion. This article focuses on nanomaterials that are a designed product of a deliberate manufacturing process, commonly referred to as ‘engineered’ nanomaterials (ENM). The scale of application of nanomaterials is very broad with ENM used in a wide range of industrial sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, transport, energy, materials and information and communication technologies. Concentrations of substances manufactured by man in the environment have been found to increase in direct proportion to their use in society. Therefore, increasing environmental exposure to ENM in surface waters, air, groundwater and soils, as well as human exposure via the environment are expected.
While Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) deals with the manufacturing and import of chemicals, the Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (hereafter WFD) aims to reduce and minimise the concentrations of dangerous chemicals in European waters. In a Communication published on 3 October 2012 entitled the ‘Second Regulatory Review on Nanomaterials’, the European Commission made a specific reference to the WFD, noting that “revisions of the selection process for priority substances under the water legislation [..] incorporating various nanomaterial aspects, are already being pursued.” In this article, the authors review the procedures for identifying priority substances under the WFD and consider whether they can capture nanomaterials. The authors also consider whether techniques are available to allow for monitoring nanomaterials in surface waters and review data from modelling exercises that estimate concentrations of nanomaterials in EU waters.
On the New Double Binomial Sequence Space
Authors: DEMİRİZ Serkan , ERDEM Sezer
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the new double Binomial sequence space $\mathcal{B}_{p}^{r,s}$ which consists of all sequences whose double Binomial transforms of orders $r,s$ ($r$ and $s$ are nonzero real numbers with $r+s \neq 0$) are in the space $\mathcal{L}_p$, where $0<p<\infty$. We examine its topological and algebraic properties and inclusion relations. Furthermore, the $\alpha-$, $\beta(bp)-$ and $\gamma-$duals of the space $\mathcal{B}_{p}^{r,s}$ are determined and finally, some 4-dimensional matrix mapping classes related to this space are  characterized.
ANALISIS KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM DIALOG KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK ANTARA BIDAN DENGAN IBU HAMIL
Authors: Simanjuntak Herlina Lindaria
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini membahas tentang kesantunan berbahasa dalam dialog komunikasi terapeutik antara bidan dengan ibu
hamil di klinik praktek kebidanan di daerah Depok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penaatan dan
pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan Leech dalam komunikasi terapeutik antara bidan dan ibu hamil di klinik praktek
kebidanan pada Klinik Bidan Emmy, yang terletak di Jalan Kemakmuran, Mekarjaya, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Depok.
Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah dialog komunikasi terapeutik antara bidan dan ibu hamil yang dikumpulkan
melalui teknik rekam catat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan
menggunakan metode deskriptif. Kesantunan berbahasa yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah yang mengandung
prinsip sopan santun teori Leech, prinsip sopan santun itu meliputi enam maksim yaitu (1) maksim kebijaksanaan (2)
maksim kedermawanan, (3) maksim penghargaan, (4) maksim kesederhanaan, (5) maksim pemukatan, dan yang
terakhir maksim simpati. Hasil penelitian ini, yakni terdapat tuturan, baik yang memenuhi maupun yang melanggar
prinsip kesantunan Leech. Tuturan yang memenuhi prinsip Leech lebih banyak bila dibandingkan dengan tuturan yang
melanggar prinsip kesantunan Leech.

Kata Kunci: kesantunan, komunikasi terapeutik, bidan, ibu hamil

ABSTRACT
This study discusses language politeness in therapeutic communication dialogue between midwives and pregnant
women in midwifery practice clinics in Depok area. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance and
violation of the Leech politeness principle in therapeutic communication between midwives and pregnant women at
the midwifery practice clinic at the Emmy Midwife Clinic, which is located on Jalan Kemakmuran, Mekarjaya,
Sukmajaya District, Depok. The data source of this study is a dialogue of therapeutic communication between
midwives and pregnant women which is collected through a record technique. The method used in this research is
qualitative research using descriptive methods. Language politeness studied in this study contained the principles of
the Leech theory of courtesy, the principles of courtesy include six maxims, namely (1) maxim of wisdom (2) maxim
of generosity, (3) maxim of appreciation, (4) maxim of simplicity, (5) maxim of trawling, and the last maxim of
sympathy. The result of this research is that there are utterances, both those that fulfill and those that violate the
principles of Leech politeness. There are more speeches that fulfill the Leech principles than those that violate the
Leech's principle of politeness.

Keywords: politeness, therapeutic communication, midwives, pregnant women

 
ALT BAKTERI DAN KAPANG MIE BASAH DAGING CUMI CUMI DENGAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN BERBEDA
Authors: Salanggon Alismi M. , Hanifah  , Tanod Wendy Alexander , Hermawan Roni
Published: December 2020

Mie basah merupakan mie mentah yang direbus terlebih dahulu dengan air mendidih sebelum dipasarkan. Saat ini, mie basah yang beredar di masyarakat memiliki kandungan gizi karbohidrat yang tinggi sedangkan kandungan protein dan mineral masih rendah. Oleh karena itu, penambahan mutu gizi dari mie basah dengan cara menfortifikasi mie dengan bahan lain seperti cumi cumi. Cumi cumi selain dagingnya yang mudah dicerna, juga memiliki kandungan asam amino esensial dan kaya akan mineral seperti fosfor dan kalsium yang berfungsi untuk pertumbuhan dan pembentukan tulang. Oleh karena itu, penambahan cumi cumi perlu dilakukan guna untuk meningkatkan mutu gizi dari mie. Umumnya mie basah yang beredar di pasaran hanya mampu bertahan selama ±2-3 hari pada suhu ruang. Sedangkan cumi cumi mengandung kadar air yang cukup tinggi. Kadar air yang cukup tinggi pada suatu bahan pangan, dapat memicu tumbuhnya mikroorganisme. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ALT bakteri dan ALT kapang mie basah daging cumi cumi pada lama penyimpanan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 (empat) perlakuan dan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu lama penyimpanan 24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh ALT bakteri , ALT kapang dan pH pada mie basah dapat bertahan pada 48 jam pada suhu ruang sedangkan ALT bakteri, kapang dan pH pada 72 jam mie dikatakan rusak karena sudah melewati batas SNI ALT bakteri sebesar 1 x 106koloni/g dan ALT kapang sebesar 1,0 x 104koloni/g.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma cottonii TERHADAP PEMBUATAN MASKER WAJAH
Authors: Maruka Safriyanto S. , Nurfadilah
Published: December 2020

Face masks are cosmetics that used to brighten facial skin and protect against free radical damage while maintaining skin's youthfulness. Eucheuma cottonii seaweed is a seaweed that has useful content for the skin, including high antioxidant content, and could use as an essential ingredient in facial masks. The aim of this study to determine the effect of different ratios of seaweed addition to pH, time of drying, and organoleptic preparation, while the benefits of this research were as information material about the use of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed as a natural mask and IPTEK contribution to Central Sulawesi. The research carried out in August 2017 at the Basic Laboratory and the Laboratory of Applied Marine Products Processing Technology, Palu Polytechnic. This research used Randomized Group Desig for Organoleptic and Completely Randomized Design for pH and drying time, with 5 treatments each repeated 3 times, so there are 15 experimental units. The pH value of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed facial masks on each treatment showed that there was no significant difference in the pH value of 7.2 for each treatment. In contrast, for the dried treatment was the best, A5 treatment with a drying time of 20.6 minutes. The quality of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed based on each treatment that was by the applied standards, so the best concentration was on A5 treatment. The pH value, drying time, and organoleptic preparations in this study generally meet the quality standards of masks set by the Indonesian National Standards and supported by existing research results.
POTENSI IKAN Osteochilus hasselti SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU LOKAL UNTUK PAKAN DALAM KEGIATAN BUDIDAYA IKAN DI DANAU RANO
Authors: Safir Muhammad , Tobigo Desiana Trisnawati , Mansyur Kasim , Livia  , Nur’aidah
Published: December 2020

Lake Rano has abundant water resources, one of which is Nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti). However, the abundance of Nilem (O. hasselti) has not been appropriately utilized and has become a pest in the local community's fishery activities. This study aimed to examine the potential of Nilem (O. hasselti) in terms of nutrient content as a local raw material in making the fish feed to support fish farming activities in Lake Rano. The method in conducting the research was initiated by taking samples of Nilem fish directly from the waters of Lake Rano, then drying the whole fish (without cleaning), and mashing it. Furthermore, testing the nutrient content of fish meal as a test sample. The analysis showed that the whole Nilem fish meal had a protein content of 39.62%, a fat content of 1.4%, a carbohydrate content of 31.7%, an ash content of 17.9%, and a moisture content of 9.38%. It can be concluded that Nilem fish (O. hasselti) has the potential to be used as a substitute for the primary raw material as a source of animal protein for making fish feed, especially in Lake Rano.
MUTU KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK KECAP IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus spp.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ENZIM BROMELIN
Authors: Pramita Eka Aji , Finarti  , Renol  , Ula Radhiyatul
Published: December 2020

Fish sauce is a fishery product made from fish meat raw materials in two ways: traditional fermentation and enzymatic fermentation. Fish sauce is easy and cheap to make and is popular with the public. Fermentation breaks down complex compounds in the fish body into simpler compounds by enzymes originating from the fish's body itself or microorganisms and taking place under controlled environmental conditions. One of the factors that influence fermentation activities is the type of enzyme used. Bromelain enzyme is a type of sulfhydryl protease enzyme that can hydrolyze protein—adding enzymes before fermentation can shorten the time in making the fish sauce (because there is no need for adaptation time for microorganisms to produce enzymes that can hydrolyze protein). This study aimed to determine the effect of bromelain enzyme concentrations on the chemical and organoleptic quality of flying fish sauce (Decapterus spp). The research results showed that the enzyme bromelain concentration has a very significant effect on chemical quality (viscosity) and organoleptic quality (odor and color). The K1 treatment (200 ml) had the highest value on the assay of viscosity (3,698%), aroma (2,425), and color (2,738).
Cabaran Usahawan Muda dalam Perniagaan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS) di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Yusof Muhamamd Zulhafizi , Tahir Zurinah , Abdul Malek Jalaluddin , Salman Ali
Published: December 2020

Sektor perniagaan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS) dianggap penting memandangkan ia memberikan sumbangan yang besar kepada pendapatan ekonomi negara sekali gus melahirkan usahawan muda berjaya. Usahawan muda yang berjaya bukan sahaja mencipta perniagaan baru malahan meningkatkan peluang pekerjaan dan sebagainya. Kejayaan usahawan muda dalam bidang perniagaan IKS memberikan satu impak positif dalam pembangunan ekonomi negara. Oleh itu, objektif kajian adalah bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mendorong kejayaan usahawan muda dalam menghadapi cabaran perniagaan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS) di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan seramai 138 orang responden yang kini bergelar Local Champion yang terdiri daripada usahawan muda yang berjaya dalam perniagaan (IKS) masing-masing. Kesemua responden merupakan Local Champion yang telah terlibat secara langsung di dalam Program Rural Business Challenge dan menetap di sekitar Malaysia yang terdiri daripada Zon Timur, Zon Tengah/Selatan, Zon Utara, Sabah dan juga Sarawak. Data yang diperoleh daripada responden akan dianalisis. Faktor pendorong kejayaan yang dikaji dibahagikan kepada 7 dimensi iaitu Sikap/Minat/Kesedaran diri sendiri, Modal, Pemasaran yang baik, Pemikiran Inovatif dan kreatif, Persekitaran Perniagaan, Kemahiran dan Pengetahuan serta Pengurusan Organisasi dan Kerjasama Luar. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa faktor “Sikap, Minat, Kesedaran diri sendiri” bagi seseorang usahawan itu merupakan faktor paling utama yang mendorong kejayaan seseorang usahawan muda dalam menjalankan perniagaan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS). Kesimpulannya, sikap usahawan yang berdisiplin tinggi dalam mengendalikan perniagaan, berani dan sanggup menghadapi risiko, berfikiran kreatif dan inovatif, sentiasa mendalami ilmu perniagaan sangat menyumbang terhadap kejayaan usahawan muda IKS di Malaysia bagi mengembangkan lagi perniagaan ke arah peringkat global dan akhirnya menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara. Segala faktor dimensi cabaran tersebut sangat mempengaruhi seseorang usahawan untuk mencapai kejayaan sekali gus bagi meningkatkan pembangunan ekonomi negara dan usaha ini harus berterusan dilaksanakan untuk menambahbaikkan kualiti kehidupan komuniti dan masyarakat setempat.
A review on quality from the perspective of industrial product design assessment
Authors: Craciun Alexandra Elena
Published: December 2020

The design assessment of an industrial product implies the objective approach of the product from both technical and aesthetic perspective, considering the market segment and its relation to the product through ergonomic and also signification associations, all of this taking into account functionality and the perceived quality of a product. The presented paper represents a review on quality in its relation to product design by analysing in turn the relations between quality, product, design and user and establishing the common concepts associated to quality related to each design dimension. The research contributes to the understanding of quality when is addressed from the point of view of industrial design assessment.
THE EURO – A GERMAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Brezinski Horst
Published: December 2020

The Euro has been a hotly debated issue in Germany. Still 20 years after the introduction of the Euro there exist many opponents in Germany. Are their arguments correct? Has Germany benefitted from the Euro or is Germany suffering from the Euro? The article discusses these questions by looking back on the theoretical foundations for a single currency. Following this analysis, the macroeconomic performance of the Eurozone and especially of Germany is presented. Macroeconomic calculations show that Germany seems to be the biggest winner of the introduction of the Euro. The article presents some explanations for this result and makes a short-term and long-term appraisal about winners and losers and potential problems in the future. Different scenarios will be outlined for overcoming the problems with the Euro and lessons for the future will be drawn.
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AT THE CROSSROADS OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE SPACES: A PLS-SEM ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zait Adriana , Andrei Andreia Gabriela
Published: December 2020

This study addresses citizen implication in societal issues, and analysis it at the crossroads of online and offline spaces. It draws on previous literature to advance a research model which differentiates between online and offline forms of civic engagement, and tests their relationships with people's attitudes and behaviors. Results show that both attitudes and behaviors are influenced by offline and online engagement, pointing out the driving role of the online side in forming civic attitudes, and the powerful direct effect exerted by the offline side on civic behavior. The research findings explain attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of online and offline civic engagement. Indicating that people become more involved in civic issues due to the digital evolution, the study extends prior literature and proposes an inclusive framework for understanding online and offline civic engagement, from a theoretical, instrumental, and empirical point of view. Additionally, the paper offers an up-dated scale for measuring the online civic engagement, by adding a 6th item (crowdfunding) into existent scale.
Potentiality and irrigability assessment of Shiwalik hill soils of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: CHAUDHARY SANJEEV K.
Published: December 2020

The soils and lands developed under sub-humid sub-tropical climate of Shiwalik foot hills of Himachal Pradesh were evaluated for their productivity and potentiality under different land uses viz. agriculture, pastures and forest/tree crops and suitability for sustained irrigation. The actual productivity of these soils for agriculture was rated extremely poor to nil, poor and average comprising 80.4, 11.3 and 4.4% of total geographical area (TGA) of the watershed, respectively. The corresponding productivity for pastures was 12.0, 51.2 and 33% of TGA. The actual productivity of all these lands for forest/tree land use was found to be extremely poor to nil. The potential productivity for agriculture was in poor, average, good and excellent classes comprising 64.4, 10.5, 12.7 and 8.6% of TGA, respectively. Whereas, it was found to be average, good and excellent for pastures in 39.4, 48.2 and 8.6% of TGA, respectively. For forest/tree land use, the potential productivity was found to be extremely poor to nil for majority of the soils comprising 74% of TGA. Other classesviz. poor and average covered only 14.7 and 7.5% of TGA, respectively. Thus, productivity of most of the soils could be increased to a greatextent by applying improvement measures to overcome the identified constraints as indicated by their potential productivity classes.Based on characteristics pertaining to soil, topography, drainage conditions and cost of land development these lands were classified into four irrigability sub-classes (3s, 4ts, 5ts and 6ts) according to the kind and degree of limitations for sustained use under irrigation. The respective classes covered 115.71, 105.2, 380.45 and 797.29 ha comprising 8.0, 7.2, 26.2 and 54.8% of TGA, there being no class 1 or 2 irrigable land. Topography, shallow soil depth, coarse soil texture, high permeability and low available water capacity are the main limiting factors identified those may be manipulated suitably to increase production potential of these lands.
Effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.bortrytis L.)
Authors: AGNIHOTRI AMAN
Published: December 2020

The field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-2019 at Research farm, Raja Balwant Singh College, Bichpuri Agra,(U.P) to study the effect of different concentrations of zinc and boron as foliar spray on the vegetative growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.bortrytis). Nine treatments with three replications were evaluated in randomized block design. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (44.90 cm), diameter of stem (1.68cm), length (38.90 cm) and width (24.55 cm) of longest leaf were recorded with the foliar spray of 0.50% Zn + 0.2% boron solution .The maximum values of spread of plant along the row(53.51cm)and across the row (55.25 cm) and fully opened leaves per plant (12.94) were recorded with the foliar spray of 0.25% Zn +0.2% boron solution. The yield of cauliflower curd was recorded maximum (343.46 q ha-1) with foliar application of Zn (0.50%) + boron (0.2%). The increase in yield with this treatment was 23.9 % higher than obtained with control (277.13 q ha-1).The lower values of growth and yield attributes were recorded under control .In general combined application of zinc and boron was found significantly superior over their alone application
National Security Strategy Geopolitical Threats and Risks "Libya as an example"
Authors: NAAS Ehab
Published: December 2020

National security is one of the most important components of the state’s entity to preserve its role and position and ensure its progress. Therefore, it is noted that most countries of the world give priority to issues related to national security. On the other hand, it can be said that Libyan national security has not received sufficient attention at the practical and academic levels, and this may be due to more than reason; The political data were not aware of the importance of the matter intentionally or unintentionally, and with the succession of events and developments in Libya in recent years, the issue began to take serious dimensions affecting the Libyan national security in its broad sense at the core, which requires concerted official, informal and academic efforts to address and address this. Topic. Libya is going through conditions and events that are not appropriate for stability and national security cohesion. Indeed, Libya is now living in a vacuum and a national reality characterized by many indicators of disintegration, conflict and violence. This is evident in the criticism of citizens, but in phenomena and events that negatively affect the coherence of national security, and this situation will inevitably lead to Citizens' lack of confidence in their state, but rather to the dissolution and disintegration of the structure of society, and the transformation of this building into groups, tribes, or regions in conflict and even warring with weapons, and this conflict will increase the disintegration of national cohesion and create a national political vacuum that helps foreign intervention in the Libyan affairs under the pretext of helping to maintain security and stability. This intervention may conceal foreign interests and agendas, and lead the country to the unknown and all the possibilities and political and security scenes whose far-reaching goals Libyans are ignorant of. Therefore, everyone in Libya is walking on a road that they do not know its end, and this requires thinking, planning and action to preserve national security and increase the degree of cohesion of all its components, whether Be it tribes, groups, or political and ideological centers, all Libyans are in one boat sailing towards the shore of safety, and it may sink in a sea that does not know the end of its end, and in view of these considerations, we saw the need to address the problems and repel the greedy in the wealth of Libya, to preserve the Libyan national security and make recommendations to strengthen it And maintain it. With our knowledge of the broadening aspects of national security in its broadest sense, we can begin to root this issue by examining its foundations and the current challenges it faces. Keywords: National Security, Geopolitics, Strategy, Foreign Policy, Threats and Risks.
Contribuição Para O Desenvolvimento De Uma Metodologia De Dosagem Para Concreto Permeável Baseada No Desempenho
Authors: Pieralisi Ricardo , Sandoval Gersson F. B. , Segura-Castillo Luiz , Barbosa Medhelin N. C. , Assunção Stéphany T.
Published: December 2020

Na atualidade não existe uma metodologia consolidada que permita determinar os consumos de materiais para obter as propriedades mecânicas e hidráulicas do concreto permeável, isso limita a aplicação deste concreto em obras civis. Além disso, as metodologias mais utilizadas para a dosagem de concreto permeável são fundamentas no teste e repetição de experimentos. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de dosagem simples, versátil e baseada no desempenho (propriedades finais) do concreto permeável. Para isso foi realizado um programa experimental focado em estudar a influência do volume da pasta nas propriedades finais (porosidade, densidade, velocidade de pulso ultrassônico, permeabilidade e resistência à compressão) do concreto permeável. Os resultados apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em todas as propriedades finais, exceto a velocidade de pulso ultrassônico, entre as composições com diferentes volumes de pasta. O estudo confirma a possibilidade de uso de uma metodologia experimental simples para dosar concretos permeáveis.
Teste acelerado de argamassas e a combinação de adições minerais ativas com agregado potencialmente reativo
Authors: Adorno Cleberson S. , Langaro Eloise A. , Medeiros Marcelo H. F. , Gobbi Andressa
Published: December 2020

O teste acelerado de barras de argamassa (AMBT) é o mais rápido para detectar a reatividade de agregados. Porém, apresenta diversas limitações quanto à classificação, limites determinados e as condições de aceleração do ensaio. Quando se trata do AMBT para classificar adições minerais potencialmente inibidoras da RAS, a solução de NaOH e a alta temperatura são fatores cruciais. O presente trabalho visa investigar o efeito do AMBT no desenvolvimento da RAS em combinações de cimento com cinza de casca de arroz e sílica ativa. A expansão induzida foi usada para avaliar a cinética da RAS. Além disso, as propriedades químicas e físicas da matriz hidratada em condições normais de temperatura e umidade e em condições do ensaio foram caracterizadas por DRX, TGA e MIP. A finura e o tamanho das partículas da cinza de casca de arroz foram determinantes na mitigação da RAS. As condições do AMBT são agressivas demais para descartar um material apenas pelos resultados de expansão. Os mecanismos de atuação das adições minerais frente a RAS devem ser mais bem entendidos e avaliados perante o uso de ensaios que não comprometam seu desenvolvimento.