bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equatorial Pacific peak in biological production regulated by nutrient and upwelling during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling
Authors: Etourneau J. , Robinson R. S. , Martinez P. , Schneider R.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The largest increase in export production in the eastern Pacific of the last 5.3 Myr (million years) occurred between 2.2 and 1.6 Myr, a time of major climatic and oceanographic reorganization in the region. Here, we investigate the causes of this event using reconstructions of export production, nutrient supply and oceanic conditions across the Pliocene–Pleistocene in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) for the last 3.2 Myr. Our results indicate that the export production peak corresponds to a cold interval marked by high nutrient supply relative to consumption, as revealed by the low bulk sedimentary 15N/14N (δ15N) and alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) values. This ∼0.6 million year long episode of enhanced delivery of nutrients to the surface of the EEP was predominantly initiated through the upwelling of nutrient-enriched water sourced in high latitudes. In addition, this phenomenon was likely promoted by the regional intensification of upwelling in response to the development of intense Walker and Hadley atmospheric circulations. Increased nutrient consumption in the polar oceans and enhanced denitrification in the equatorial regions restrained nutrient supply and availability and terminated the high export production event.
Technical note: The effect of vertical turbulent mixing on gross O2 production assessments by the triple isotopic composition of dissolved O2
Authors: Wurgaft E. , Shamir O. , Angert A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The 17O-excess (17Δ) of dissolved O2 has been used, for over a decade, to estimate gross O2 production (G17OP) rates in the mixed layer (ML) in many regions of the ocean. This estimate relies on a steady-state balance of O2 fluxes, which include air-sea gas exchange, photosynthesis and respiration but notably, not turbulent mixing with O2 from the thermocline. In light of recent publications, which showed that neglecting the turbulent flux may lead to inaccurate G17OP estimations, we present a simple correction for the effect of turbulent flux of O2 from the thermocline on ML G17OP. The correction is based on a turbulent-flux term between the thermocline and the ML, and use the difference between the ML 17Δ and that of a single data-point below the ML base. Using a numerical model and measured data we compared turbulence-corrected G17OP rates to those calculated without it. The corrected G17OP rates were 10–90% lower than the uncorrected rates, which implies that a large fraction of the photosynthetic O2 in the ML is actually produced in the thermocline.
Increasing addition of autochthonous to allochthonous carbon in nutrient-rich aquatic systems stimulates carbon consumption but does not alter bacterial community composition
Authors: Attermeyer K. , Hornick T. , Kayler Z. E. , Bahr A. , Zwirnmann E. , Grossart H.-P. , Premke K.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations – mainly of terrestrial origin – are increasing worldwide in inland waters. The biodegradability of the DOC varies depending on quantity and chemical quality. Heterotrophic bacteria are the main consumers of DOC and thus determine DOC temporal dynamics and availability for higher trophic levels. It is therefore crucial to understand the processes controlling the bacterial turnover of additional allochthonous and autochthonous DOC in aquatic systems. Our aim was to study bacterial carbon (C) turnover with respect to DOC quantity and chemical quality using both allochthonous and autochthonous DOC sources. We incubated a natural bacterial community with allochthonous C (13C-labeled beech leachate) and increased concentrations and pulses (intermittent occurrence of organic matter input) of autochthonous C (algae lysate). We then determined bacterial carbon consumption, activities, and community composition together with the carbon flow through bacteria using stable C isotopes. The chemical analysis of single sources revealed differences in aromaticity and fractions of low and high molecular weight substances (LMWS and HMWS, respectively) between allochthonous and autochthonous C sources. In parallel to these differences in chemical composition, we observed a higher availability of allochthonous C as evidenced by increased DOC consumption and bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) when solely allochthonous C was provided. In treatments with mixed sources, rising concentrations of added autochthonous DOC resulted in a further, significant increase in bacterial DOC consumption from 52 to 68% when nutrients were not limiting. This rise was accompanied by a decrease in the humic substances (HS) fraction and an increase in bacterial biomass. Stable C isotope analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and respired dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) supported a preferential assimilation of autochthonous C and respiration of the allochthonous C. Changes in DOC concentration and consumption in mixed treatments did not affect bacterial community composition (BCC), but BCC differed in single vs. mixed incubations. Our study highlights that DOC quantity affects bacterial C consumption but not BCC in nutrient-rich aquatic systems. BCC shifted when a mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous C was provided simultaneously to the bacterial community. Our results indicate that chemical quality rather than source of DOC per se (allochthonous vs. autochthonous) determines bacterial DOC turnover.
Effect of hypoxia and anoxia on invertebrate behaviour: ecological perspectives from species to community level
Authors: Riedel B. , Pados T. , Pretterebner K. , Schiemer L. , Steckbauer A. , Haselmair A. , Zuschin M. , Stachowitsch M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Coastal hypoxia and anoxia have become a global key stressor to marine ecosystems, with almost 500 dead zones recorded wordwide. By triggering cascading effects from the individual organism to the community and ecosystem-level, oxygen depletions threat marine biodiversity and can alter ecosystem structure and function. By integrating both physiological function and ecological processes, animal behaviour is ideal for assessing the stress state of benthic macrofauna to low dissolved oxygen. The initial response of organisms can serve as an early-warning signal, while the successive behavioural reactions of key species indicate hypoxia levels and help assess community degradation. Here we document the behavioural responses of a representative spectrum of benthic macrofauna in the natural setting in the Northern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean. We experimentally induced small-scale anoxia with a benthic chamber in 24 m depth to overcome the difficulties in predicting the onset of hypoxia, which often hinders full documentation in the field. The behavioural reactions were documented with a time-lapse camera. Oxygen depletion elicited significant and repeatable changes in general (visibility, locomotion, body movement and posture, location) and species-specific reactions in virtually all organisms (302 individuals from 32 species and 2 species groups). Most atypical (stress) behaviours were associated with specific oxygen thresholds: arm-tipping in the ophiuroid Ophiothrix quinquemaculata, for example, with the onset of mild hypoxia (< 2 mL O2 L−1), the emergence of polychates on the sediment surface with moderate hypoxia (< 1 mL O2 L−1), the emergence of the infaunal sea urchin Schizaster canaliferus on the sediment with severe hypoxia (< 0.5 mL O2 L−1) and heavy body rotations in sea anemones with anoxia. Other species changed their activity patterns, i.e. circadian rhythm in the hermit crab Paguristes eremita or the bioherm-associated crab Pisidia longimana. Intra- and interspecific reactions were weakened or changed: decapods ceased defensive and territorial behaviour, and predator-prey interactions and relationships shifted. This nuanced scale of resolution is a useful tool to interpret present benthic community status (behaviour) and past mortalities (community composition, e.g. survival of tolerant species). This information on the sensitivity (onset of stress response), tolerance (mortality, survival), and characteristics (i.e. life habit, functional role) of key species also helps predict potential future changes in benthic structure and ecosystem functioning. This integrated approach can transport complex ecological processes to the public and decision-makers and help define specific monitoring, assessment and conservation plans.
Towards an improved organic carbon budget for the Barents Sea shelf, marginal Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pathirana I. , Knies J. , Felix M. , Mann U.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. There is generally a lack of knowledge on how marine organic carbon accumulation is linked to vertical export and primary productivity patterns. In this study, a multi-proxy geochemical and organic-sedimentological approach is coupled with organic facies modelling focusing on regional calculations of carbon cycling and carbon burial on the western Barents shelf between northern Scandinavia and Svalbard. OF-Mod 3D, an organic facies modelling software tool, is used to reconstruct the marine and terrestrial organic carbon fractions and to make inferences about marine primary productivity in this region. The model is calibrated with an extensive sample dataset and reproduces the present-day regional distribution of the organic carbon fractions well. Based on this new organic facies model, we present regional carbon mass accumulation rate calculations for the western Barents Sea.
Towards decision-based global land use models for improved understanding of the Earth system
Authors: Rounsevell M. D. A. , Arneth A. , Alexander P. , Brown D. G. , de Noblet-Ducoudré N. , Ellis E. , Finnigan J. , Galvin K. , Grigg N. , Harman I. , Lennox J. , Magliocca N. , Parker D. , O'Neill B. C. , Verburg P. H. , Young O.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. A primary goal of Earth system modelling is to improve understanding of the interactions and feedbacks between human decision making and biophysical processes. The nexus of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and the climate system is an important example. LULCC contributes to global and regional climate change, while climate affects the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and LULCC. However, at present, LULCC is poorly represented in Global Circulation Models (GCMs). LULCC models that are explicit about human behaviour and decision making processes have been developed at local to regional scales, but the principles of these approaches have not yet been applied to the global scale level in ways that deal adequately with both direct and indirect feedbacks from the climate system. In this article, we explore current knowledge about LULCC modelling and the interactions between LULCC, GCMs and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs). In doing so, we propose new ways forward for improving LULCC representations in Earth System Models. We conclude that LULCC models need to better conceptualise the alternatives for up-scaling from the local to global. This involves better representation of human agency, including processes such as learning, adaptation and agent evolution, formalising the role and emergence of governance structures, institutional arrangements and policy as endogenous processes and better theorising about the role of tele-connections and connectivity across global networks. Our analysis underlines the importance of observational data in global scale assessments and the need for coordination in synthesising and assimilating available data.
Globalization of agricultural pollution due to international trade
Authors: O'Bannon C. , Carr J. , Seekell D. A. , D'Odorico P.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Almost 90% of freshwater resources consumed globally are used to produce plant and animal commodities. Water scarce countries can balance their water needs by importing food from other countries. This process, known as virtual water transfer, represents the externalization of water use. The volume and geographic reach of virtual water transfers is increasing, but little is known about how these transfers redistribute the environmental costs of agricultural production. The grey water footprint quantifies the environmental costs of virtual water transfers. The grey water footprint is calculated as the amount of water necessary to reduce the concentrations of fertilizers and pesticides released in streams and aquifers to the allowed standards. We reconstructed the global network of virtual grey water transfers for the period 1986–2010 based on global trade data and grey water footprints for 309 commodities. We tracked changes in the structure of the grey water transfer network with network and inequality statistics. Pollution is increasing and is becoming more strongly concentrated in only a handful of countries. The global external grey water footprint, the pollution created by countries outside of their borders, increased 136% during the period. The extent of externalization of pollution is highly unequal between countries and most of this inequality is due to differences in social development status. Our results demonstrate a growing globalization of pollution due to virtual water transfers.
Seasonal changes of the soil hydrological and erosive response in contrasted Mediterranean eco-geomorphological conditions at patch scale
Authors: Gabarrón-Galeote M. A. , Martínez-Murillo J. F. , Quesada M. A. , Ruiz-Sinoga J. D.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Mediterranean areas are characterized by a strong spatial variability that makes highly complex the soil hydrological response. Moreover, Mediterranean climate has a marked seasonal variability that provokes dramatic changes on the soil properties determining the hydrological behavior, such as soil water content, crust formation or soil water repellency (SWR). Thus, soil hydrological and erosive response in Mediterranean areas can be highly time- as well space-dependant. The main goal of this study was to characterize the relations between SWR, aspect and vegetation, determining the soil hydrological and erosive response throughout the rainy period in different microenvironments of opposite hillslopes. This study was undertaken in a small catchment located in the South of Spain. Erosion plots were installed in the north- and the south-facing hillslope, in areas with different vegetal cover, and runoff and sediments were collected. Moreover, precipitation parameters were recorded and SWR measurements were performed. SWR proved to have a significant effect on the soil hydrological response, but this influence was modulated by seasonal changes and by the discontinuities on the repellent layer. In general, the influence of SWR was restricted to the first rains after the summer and was greater on the north-facing hillslope due to the more continuous vegetation cover. The more important precipitation parameter influencing runoff generated was maximum rainfall intensity in ten minutes (Imax). The relation between Imax and overland flow showed a contrasting seasonal behavior in the north-facing hillslope and, on the contrary, remained homogeneous throughout the year in the south-facing hillslope.
Classification of Sugarcane Genotypes Based on Heat Stress and Morphological Parameters
Authors: Abbas Syed Rizwan , Shah Asad Hussain , Rao Aurangzeb , Gardazi Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad , Sabir Syed Mubashir , Abbas Muhammad Rehan , Batool Attiya , Khan RizwanTaj , Khan Nisar Ahmed
Published: August 2013

Leaves of thirteen genotypes of sugarcane were treated in the oven for heat stress. The treated leaves were used for the estimation of phenolic contents and the measurement of lipid peroxidation. Minimum moisture loss is showed by CSSG-668 and maximum moisture loss showed by NSG-45. Maximum phenolic contents were observed in HSF-240 (65.7 mg GAE/100 ml) and minimum results showed by Lho 83-153 and CP-43-33 (32.98 and 33.78 mg GAE/100 ml). Lho 83-153, HSF-242 and S-2002-US-133 were showed high tolerant against heat therefor, showed higher membrane stability, maintenance of high fv/fm ratio under heat stress and lower lipid peroxidation of membranes. Hence, the relative tolerance of genotype to heat stress as reflected by its lower lipid peroxidation, higher membrane stability and pigment concentration is related to the levels of activity of its antioxidant enzymes.
Merleau-Ponty the Metaphysician: The Living Body as a Plurality of Forces
Authors: Wilkerson William
Published: August 2013

We should not read Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception as an implicit or oblique ontology (as some have) but, rather, as a work of fundamental and explicit ontology continuous with The Structure of Behavior. Merleau-Ponty's masterwork presents an entirely new metaphysics built around the notion of Form: the body–world system comprises a plurality of forces striving for an equilibrium that is continually overcome. This new interpretation changes how we understand the living body and consciousness in Merleau-Ponty's work, as we see afresh how his new metaphysics displaces the older metaphysics built on the dualisms of subject/object and mind/body.
Biopolitics Is Not (Primarily) About Life: On Biopolitics, Neoliberalism, and Families
Authors: Hull Gordon
Published: August 2013

In this essay, I argue, first, that modern biopolitics is marked less by the entry of biological life into the polis than by a new consideration of the form of life proper to humans, one defined by risk management. Second, in this regard, economics—and neoliberalism specifically—can be read as an attempt to provide an answer to what form of life is proper to humans. Third, I illustrate this with reference to the test for the BRCA (breast cancer) genetic mutation and the forms of agency it encourages.
Toward the Satyric
Authors: Gilbert Christopher J.
Published: August 2013

This article recovers the figure of the ancient satyr as a mythic modality of satire by reimagining Kenneth Burke's own satires as exemplary of satyric rhetoric. First, it dispels the notion that, on one hand, satire and the satyr are unrelated because of uncertain etymologies and, on the other, that satire is an inherently destructive critical enterprise. Myth is deployed as a constructive means of juxtaposing Burke's conceptualization of satyrs with that of Friedrich Nietzsche. The Helhaven satire and “Epilogue: Prologue in Heaven” are then presented as illustrations of the satyric lurking throughout Burke's philosophy. Ultimately, a case is made for the figure of the satyr as a mythic goad by which to revise our understanding of contemporary satire as a comic enterprise. The article also serves as a resource for conceiving satyric correctives as the comic corrective pushed to the end of its line.
Suspended Identification:
Authors: Reeves Joshua
Published: August 2013

As commemorative artifacts have come to saturate our public culture, many scholars have revisited the question of genre and the commemorative experience. Responding to this work, I argue that by subverting the commonplaces of our commemorative culture, certain works of public memory have the capacity to suspend audiences in a deferred event of identification. I describe the creative potential of this process by arguing that when compelled to forge common ground with an atopon (out-of-place) work of public memory, one can be unsettled in one's ordinary habits and resituated toward the world and toward others. By redescribing the problem of identification as it relates to the disruption of our everyday rhetorical encounters, this article's significance extends beyond public memory and suggests the transformative potential of suspense and the out-of-place in our broader rhetorical culture.
Preventable readmissions and physician notification
Authors: Kazzaz Daniel
Published: August 2013

Preventable hospital readmissions burden our health system with excessive costs. The key to reducing readmissions is appropriate follow-up care for patients upon discharge. Many patients today do not receive necessary follow-up care for the simple reason that their primary care and specialist physicians are not made aware of the hospitalization. A simple and scalable solution is needed to provide automatic notifications to physicians when their patients are admitted to and discharged from hospitals. Such systems, based on national standards for universal adoption, are emerging in several forms, making headway in reducing preventable hospital readmissions.
Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and atherothrombosis
Authors: Weiss T. W. , Rohla M.
Published: August 2013

Extensive research of the past decades altered our traditional concept about the genesis of atherosclerosis fundamentally. Today, the crucial role of inflammation in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques is indisputable. Patients at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, owing to poor diet, obesity and low physical activity have been shown to exhibit a particular inflammatory pattern.

Therefore, the present review highlights the crosslink between the metabolic syndrome (MetS), adipose tissue, adipokines and selected inflammatory cytokines in the context of atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease.
Avaliação econômica de cana-de-açúcar em sistema de plantio direto em comparação ao convencional em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ
Authors: Oliveira Anna Christina Sanazário , Rubim Raquel Fialho , Fernandes Pedro Gonçalves , Prellwitz Willy Pedro Vasconcellos , Azevedo Pedro Henrique Dutra de Abreu M.
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a rentabilidade da produção de cana-de-açúcar em sistema de plantio direto versus o convencional em Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ. Utilizou-se como parâmetros o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). A cana-de-açúcar, cultivada em sistema de plantio direto, apresentou um VPL positivo até a taxa de desconto de 7% e, em sistema convencional, até 6%, sendo as TIRs iguais a 7,93 e 6,84%, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que a cana-de-açúcar em sistema de plantio direto apresentou melhores resultados econômicos do que cultivada com o preparo convencional do solo.
Breve estudo de eco-história sobre a utilização humana das florestas estacionais do norte-noroeste entre os períodos colonial e republicano
Authors: Soffiati Netto Aristides Arthur
Published: August 2013

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as relações das sociedades humanas com a formação vegetal nativa classificada como Floresta Estacional Semidecidual situada nas regiões norte e noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Brasil. Para isto, adotou-se a tipologia mais recente das formas de vegetação nativa do Brasil, segundo uma classificação universal, e foram utilizadas fontes escritas e iconográficas de diversos autores a partir do século XVIII, de modo a recuperar a fisionomia original dessa formação vegetal e o processo progressivo de sua supressão pela economia implantada por colonos de origem europeia.
Fortificações: símbolos políticos de domínio territorial: o papel desempenhado pela Engenharia Militar na América Portuguesa
Authors: Prata Maria Catharina Reis Queiroz
Published: August 2013

Das obras herdadas do passado, destacam-se as fortificações, conjuntos arquitetônicos para defesa de um território. Construídas desde a Antiguidade, estas edificações militares evoluíram, durante os séculos, na forma e tipologia, adequando-se ao aperfeiçoamento crescente das armas. Sob a direção dos engenheiros militares, espalharam-se por toda a América Portuguesa, no litoral ou margem de rios, apresentando-se, em muitos casos, como símbolos políticos do domínio territorial português sobre a colônia.
Propriedades termodinâmicas dos íons em solução – Cálculo da atividade
Authors: Sousa Junior Clenilson da Silva , Nascimento Marisa
Published: August 2013

Em função da grande interação que ocorre entre os íons em solução, o conceito de concentração se torna inadequado, sendo mais apropriado a termo atividade, pois este conceito leva em consideração o coeficiente de atividade dos íons, que são muito bem estimados em soluções diluídas e tem valores compreendidos entre 0 e 1. A presença de forte interação entre os íons em soluções eletrolíticas faz com que as propriedades termodinâmicas sejam diferentes das soluções não-eletrolíticas, isto é, soluções ideais têm certo afastamento em relação a este conceito. Diferentes modelos são descritos para determinar os coeficientes de atividades em soluções concentrada.
Diversidade e índices de infestação de moscas-das-frutas e seus parasitoides em seis cultivares de café no município de Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, RJ
Authors: Silva Patrícia Sobral , Aguiar-Menezes Elen de Lima , Moura Alexandre Pinho de , Ferrara Fernando Antônio Abrantes
Published: August 2013

Este estudo foca uma das mais importantes pragas da fruticultura mundial: as moscas-das-frutas, mas há poucos estudos concernentes a sua associação com frutos de café. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, região Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com os objetivos de determinar as espécies que ocorrem nos cafezais dessa região, seus respectivos índices de infestação natural e o parasitismo natural dessas espécies. Frutos maduros de seis cultivares de café arábica (Mundo Novo, 2SL Vermelho, Catuaí Amarelo, Catuaí Vermelho, Catuaí 785 e Acauã) foram coletados. Todas as cultivares avaliadas foram infestadas por moscas-das-frutas, as quais se associaram a apenas uma espécie de parasitoide em cada cultivar. Foi obtido um total de 1749 pupários, dos quais emergiram 460 adultos, sendo 441 espécimes de moscas-das-frutas e 19 parasitoides. Quatro espécies de moscas-das-frutas foram obtidas: Anastrepha fraterculus (WiedemaNn, 1830), Anastrepha sororcula (Zucchi, 1979), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Tephritidae) e Neosilba pendula Bezzi, 1919 (Lonchaeidae). O índice médio de infestação natural dos frutos de café pelas moscas-das-frutas foi de 291,5 pupários/kg e 0,4 pupários/fruto. Houve uma predominância de A. fraterculus sobre C. capitata, que foi mais frequente apenas em Catuaí Vermelho e Catuaí 785. Patrícia Sobral Silva et al. Todos os parasitoides pertenceram à família Braconidae (Hymenoptera) [Asobara sp., Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930) e Doryctobrachon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911)], responsáveis por um nível de parasitismo natural muito baixo (1,1%).
Sensory profile and contribution of major components of aroma in dry red wine quality
Authors: Oliveira Luisa Costa de , Mamede Maria Eugênia de Oliveira
Published: August 2013

This study aimed to determine the sensory profile and main volatile compounds of a set of commercial wines from two major wine regions in Brazil. A total of 28 descriptors were selected by quantitative descriptive analysis, and “red”, “violet”, “pungent aroma”, “vinegary aroma” and “softness” were the most important descriptors in sample discrimination (p<=0.05). 42 volatile aroma compounds were considered relevant for the evaluation of red wine samples. Several acetates and esters that contribute to the pleasant aroma in wines were found in the samples, but other undesirable compounds were also identified: acetic acid and octanoic acid may have contributed to the vinegary and sulphur odors perceived by a trained team.
Inoculação com esporos de Pisolithus microcarpus e adição de fosfato natural em mudas de Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Abreu Vanessa Pereira de , Martins Gustavo Sampaio de Lima , Cunha Ana Catarina M. C. Mori da , Campos André Narvaes da Rocha
Published: August 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização dos esporos de Pisolithus microcarpus e de fosfato de natural (FN) em programas de inoculação de baixo custo de Eucalyptus grandis em viveiros. Embora os tratamentos não tenham provocado maior crescimento da parte aérea das mudas, verificou-se diferença significativa na massa seca do sistema radicular e na partição de carbono na planta. A inoculação promoveu aumento nas taxas de micorrização, embora as doses de FN utilizadas neste trabalho não tenham afetado o estabelecimento da associação. Estudos adicionais estão sendo conduzidos para otimizar o procedimento de inoculação com esporos.
Literatura, imprensa e cidade: a constituição do campo literário no Brasil
Authors: Moura Sérgio Arruda de
Published: August 2013

O presente artigo objetiva relacionar literatura e jornalismo no âmbito da vida moderna, enfocando o jornalista e o escritor como seus agentes, imersos na cidade como novo espaço de relações que criam oportunidades de surgimento e amadurecimento de novos gêneros, como a crônica. A cidade, nesse âmbito, é o espaço ideal de enunciação tanto de um quanto de outro, e colaboram juntos para o surgimento do que Bourdieu e Maingueneau denominam campo literário e instituição literária.
Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares em Euterpe edulis Martius (Palmeira Juçara) no Município de Rio Pomba/MG
Authors: Medina Juliana Martins , Moreira Sandro Lucio Silva , Alves Rafael Cocate , Martins Maurílio Lopes , Campos André Narvaes da Rocha
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de associação micorrízica arbuscular em Euterpe edulis (Palmeira Juçara), na região de Rio Pomba/MG. Inicialmente, coletou-se solo da rizosfera de E. edulis em cinco áreas distintas. Em seguida, realizou-se a extração de esporos e se estabeleceu o processo de descoloração e coloração das raízes. Constatou-se a presença de estruturas típicas de associação micorrízica arbuscular nas raízes em estudo e presença, em todas as áreas, de esporos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs). Estes resultados abrem a possibilidade para estudos mais abrangentes visando à seleção de estirpes fúngicas eficientes e possíveis formas de inoculação desta palmeira em viveiro.
Um estudo da oferta da educação profissional técnica de nível médio da rede estadual e privada em Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ
Authors: Corrêa Alzeleni Pio da Silva Tavares , Terra Denise Cunha Tavares
Published: August 2013

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a oferta de cursos de Educação Profissional Técnica de nível médio, no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Região Norte Fluminense, que apresenta um novo contexto econômico, em virtude dos investimentos na indústria petrolífera e na construção do Complexo Logístico e Portuário do Açu. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com diretores e coordenadores de cursos das escolas técnicas estaduais e particulares. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de ampliação e diversificação dos cursos técnicos, especialmente nas escolas técnicas estaduais, que oferecem cursos mais tradicionais, pouco afeitos à demanda do mercado regional.
Construção de um trecho experimental em SMA usando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como aditivo
Authors: Leal Cláudio Luiz Dias , Castro Protasio Ferreira e
Published: August 2013

Pesquisadores da área de pavimentação têm buscado soluções apropriadas para melhoria do desempenho de nossos pavimentos frente às modificações dos veículos comerciais. O Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) é uma excelente alternativa para elevar o desempenho dos pavimentos brasileiros. Essa mistura asfáltica, com granulometria descontínua e cerca de 70% de agregado graúdo, otimiza o contato grão a grão, aumentando consideravelmente o desempenho estrutural da camada de rolamento, principalmente quanto às deformações permanentes. Misturas do tipo SMA, em função do alto teor de ligante asfáltico, necessitam de fibras como aditivo estabilizante para que não haja segregação ou exsudação durante o processo de mistura e espalhamento. A produção de açúcar e álcool gera cerca de 270 quilogramas de bagaço por tonelada de cana-de-açúcar moída. A maior parte do bagaço é queimada nas caldeiras das usinas para produção de energia térmica ou elétrica. Estima-se que aproximadamente 20% do bagaço não é queimado. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal estudar o aproveitamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como aditivo estabilizante, nas misturas asfálticas do tipo SMA, produzida com asfalto modificado por borracha moída de pneus, em substituição à fibra de celulose. Para verificação dessa hipótese foi feito um estudo laboratorial e um trecho experimental foi construído para avaliação da mistura em serviço.
Quick Reads: Problem Solving with Laser Precision
Authors: Goldthorp Scott A.
Published: August 2013

A student-centered, inquiry-driven classroom explores the Pythagorean theorem.
Aging Prisoners: A Brief Report of Key Legal and Policy Dilemmas
Authors: Doron Israel Issi , Love Helene
Published: August 2013

Background: The social phenomenon of the aging of the prison population has raised various legal and policy challenges.
Objective: The goal of this brief report is to describe the current key legal-policy dilemmas in this field.
Methods: A computerized search for legal documents, articles and studies using relevant key words was conducted in computerized databases.
Results: Five key dilemmas were found: (1) Early and compassionate release of older prisoners; (2) Segregation or integration of older prisoners; (3) Heaven or hell? The meaning of imprisonment in old age; (4) Fixed v. tailored sentences to older offenders; and (5) Is prison the right place to send older offenders?
Conclusion: Evidence regarding the unique socio-medical needs of older prisoners does not provide easy or simple answers to the legal-policy dilemmas in this field. Hence, as of today, the scholarly discussions in this field seem to be more normative (what "should" be the solution) rather than empirical (what "is" the evidence-based solution). Therefore, more empirical evidence is needed in order to design old-age based legal-policies towards older prisoners.
Les nouveaux rôles des musées et la diversité culturelle : l’exemple de Tate Encounters, Britishness and Visual Culture, Tate Britain
Authors: Orlando Sophie
Published: August 2013

Pour faire écho à la nouvelle image de la Grande-Bretagne, multiculturaliste, plurielle et inclusive, le gouvernement de Tony Blair met en place, de 1997 à 2010, une politique de « diversité culturelle ». L’omniprésence de celle-ci dans les débats nationaux va désormais lier définitivement les politiques culturelles du gouvernement à celle des musées nationaux britanniques. Dans cet article, Sophie Orlando prend comme cas d’étude les politiques curatoriales et éducatives du Tate Britain, et plus particulièrement le programme de recherche « Tate Encounters », qui tente de relire les politiques de diversité culturelle et d’intégration sociale, les différentes conceptions de la diaspora et de l’identité nationale, tout en interrogeant le rôle de l’institution muséale dans ces débats. L’auteure analyse ainsi les conditions d’émergence du projet et observe sa progression théorique, abordant les enjeux du programme de recherche et les problématiques qui ont jalonné l’expérience, de 2006 à 2011. Sophie Orlando commente finalement certains des résultats obtenus, notamment méthodologiques, et se questionne sur l’analyse du programme quant aux relations entre politique et culture qui entrent en jeu dans la promotion de la diversité culturelle du Tate Britain.
Le mentefact au musée : la mémoire mise en scène
Authors: Blanchet-Robitaille Ariane
Published: August 2013

Considérant la préoccupation grandissante qui existe quant au lien entre l’individu et son patrimoine immatériel en nouvelle muséologie, Ariane Blanchet-Robitaille précise la notion de mentefact et révèle comment l’intégration progressive de ce nouvel « objet muséal » au sein des collections énonce le rapport qui existe entre la mémoire et le musée. Envisageant les possibilités multiples qu’instaure cette nouvelle réalité pour le musée, dont la mise en valeur des contenus d’exposition, l’auteure souligne la nécessité pour l’institution muséale de se doter d’outils visant à faciliter l’acquisition, la documentation et la conservation des mentefacts. S’inspirant à la fois de la typologie du patrimoine immatériel élaborée par l’UNESCO et de la Grille des pratiques culturelles de Jean Du Berger qui classifie le patrimoine ethnologique, elle propose une typologie des mentefacts déclinée en cinq catégories, ainsi qu’une grille de sélection visant à encadrer leur intégration au sein des collections muséales. Son article fait également état de certaines mises en garde associées à l’intégration au musée des mentefacts, notamment en ce qui concerne le fait qu’ils doivent permettre la production d’un discours qui reflète la diversité caractéristique de notre réalité et qu’ils doivent aussi permettre de révéler le changement et le dynamisme inhérents à toute société, à travers le temps.
La théorisation du système étatique westphalien : les relations internationales de l’absolutisme au capitalisme
Authors: Teschke Benno , Martineau Jonathan
Published: August 2013

L’article présente une approche centrée sur les relations de propriété pour théoriser la constitution, l’opération et la transformation des systèmes géopolitiques au début de l’ère moderne. Contre le paradigme répandu qui associe la codification des relations internationales modernes aux traités de Westphalie, l’article défend que la géopolitique du XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle repose sur des pratiques prémodernes. L’argument théorique ici est que le caractère personnalisé de la souveraineté dynastique se basait sur des relations de propriété précapitalistes. Le dynasticisme, en retour, s’est traduit en modes de conflit et de coopération historiquement spécifique gouvernés par une logique de compétition pour l’accumulation géopolitique. La rupture décisive vers la modernité internationale se produit avec l’avènement du premier État moderne : l’Angleterre. Après l’établissement d’un système de propriété agraire capitaliste et la transformation de l’État anglais au XVIIesiècle, l’Angleterre post-1688 amorce une restructuration des relations internationales dans un processus à long terme de développement socialement inégal et géopolitiquement combiné.
A renovação da linguagem jornalística no jornalismo em quadrinhos
Authors: Santos Roberto Elísio dos , Cavignato Deise
Published: August 2013

Técnica empregada há muito tempo nos jornais impressos, as histórias em quadrinhos como atividade jornalística vêm ganhando autonomia e destaque na atualidade. O jornalismo em quadrinhos apropria-se de elementos literários, como o new journalism já havia feito anteriormente. Por esse motivo, analisamos uma história sequencial que contém tais recursos linguísticos, além de identificarmos as modificações da linguagem como fator de inovação do texto jornalístico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de nível exploratório, cujos objetos de estudo foram os livros Loucas de Amor e Loucas de Amor em Quadrinhos, mais especificamente a história Os Jacks, com roteiro do jornalista Gilmar Rodrigues e desenhos do cartunista Fido Nesti, que foi analisado a partir do referencial da semiótica da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as transformações da linguagem jornalística nesses dois formatos (jornalismo literário e jornalismo em quadrinhos). Como resultado, pode-se afirmar que os formatos jornalísticos aqui estudados e analisados diferenciam-se conforme suas formas específicas, mas ainda mantêm algumas características comuns.
Um jogo de regras sociais
Authors: Oliveira Thaiane Moreira de , Ferreira Emmanoel Martins
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um mapeamento sobre as práticas sociais existentes e necessárias para a vivência da experiência em Jogos de Realidade Alternada. Defendemos que, embora este seja um gênero de jogo que não possui regras bem definidas, existem regras implícitas e explícitas que dizem respeito aos comportamentos sociais dos interatores, necessárias para a interação entre os jogadores e seus pares. Defendemos, ainda, que tais regras não se aplicam unicamente aos jogadores em si, mas compõem a relação entre estes e os produtores deste gênero de jogo. Para tanto, como aporte metodológico utilizamos observação participante, juntamente com outras práticas metodológicas, como entrevistas informais por e-mail e presença nos live actions, entre os anos de 2009 a 2012, a fim de investigar as interações entre os jogadores em diversas produções deste gênero de jogo, observando grande parte dos espaços sociais existentes nos jogos de realidade alternada.
O processo de produção webjornalística audiovisual universitária: possibilidades e limitações para mudanças
Authors: Teixeira Juliana Fernandes
Published: August 2013

Estudar o processo de produção jornalística é fundamental na contemporaneidade, quando os meios de comunicação, sobretudo os baseados no ciberespaço, são marcados por uma reestruturação tecnológica contínua e profunda, alterando o funcionamento das fases produtivas. Esse panorama nos impele a observar as principais possibilidades e limitações para tais mudanças no processo de produção. Uma vez que as experiências de webjornalismo audiovisual universitário se apresentam como iniciativas que buscam produzir conteúdos jornalísticos diferenciados, o objetivo do presente artigo é verificar se e quais transformações esse novo tipo de produto gera no processo de produção jornalística. Para isso, na primeira seção, abordamos o jornalismo como produção processual. Em seguida, discutimos a questão “Um novo produto, o mesmo processo?”. E, por fim, destacamos as principais possibilidades e limitações para mudanças no processo de produção webjornalística audiovisual universitária. A metodologia empregada foi a desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Jornalismo On-line da Universidade Federal da Bahia (GJOL–UFBA), que combina procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos, bem como pesquisa de campo.
@Eleições2012: o processo eleitoral em Curitiba e sua relação com a mídia social
Authors: Oliveira Filha Elza Aparecida de , Rieger Thomas Mayer
Published: August 2013

O presente trabalho se insere num universo midiático relativamente novo, o das ferramentas de mídia social — notadamente Twitter, Facebook e YouTube, objetos desta pesquisa. Foi analisado, aqui, o desempenho dos candidatos à prefeitura de Curitiba nas eleições de 2012. Os dados foram coletados durante todo o período eleitoral, entre os meses de julho e outubro. A presença dos sete candidatos nas mídias sociais foi semanalmente verificada, com acompanhamento do incremento de postagens e do crescimento de seguidores — ou o processo inverso, conforme o caso. Foi feita também uma comparação entre os dados alcançados neste trabalho e os números das pesquisas de intenção de voto, de institutos como Ibope e Datafolha. O objetivo principal foi comprovar que, em decorrência da existência de uma “esfera pública digital” — conceituada a partir de Habermas, Thompson, Bauman e Jenkins —, a internet se tornou um espaço ativo de participação popular, o que pode ter impactos significativos nos resultados das eleições.
Patient-specific iPSC-derived photoreceptor precursor cells as a means to investigate retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Tucker Budd A , Mullins Robert F , Streb Luan M , Anfinson Kristin , Eyestone Mari E , Kaalberg Emily , Riker Megan J , Drack Arlene V , Braun Terry A , Stone Edwin M
Published: August 2013

Next-generation and Sanger sequencing were combined to identify disease-causing USH2A mutations in an adult patient with autosomal recessive RP. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), generated from the patient’s keratinocytes, were differentiated into multi-layer eyecup-like structures with features of human retinal precursor cells. The inner layer of the eyecups contained photoreceptor precursor cells that expressed photoreceptor markers and exhibited axonemes and basal bodies characteristic of outer segments. Analysis of the USH2A transcripts of these cells revealed that one of the patient’s mutations causes exonification of intron 40, a translation frameshift and a premature stop codon. Western blotting revealed upregulation of GRP78 and GRP94, suggesting that the patient’s other USH2A variant (Arg4192His) causes disease through protein misfolding and ER stress. Transplantation into 4-day-old immunodeficient Crb1−/− mice resulted in the formation of morphologically and immunohistochemically recognizable photoreceptor cells, suggesting that the mutations in this patient act via post-developmental photoreceptor degeneration.
Stem cells set their sights on retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Bennicelli Jeannette L , Bennett Jean
Published: August 2013

Skin cells from a patient with a form of inherited blindness have been reprogrammed into retinal cells and successfully transplanted into mice.
PORC Audit Firms and IPO Client Quality: An Empirical Study of Rent-Seeking and Reputation-Based Explanations
Authors: Tan Jinsong , Kong Xiangting , Yi Yang
Published: August 2013

Based on the event in which the partner of an audit firm is appointed as a member of the Public Offering Review Committee (PORC), our investigation examines the relationship between an audit firm’s PORC member status and the quality of its initial public offering (IPO) clients and how an audit firm’s size influences that relationship from the perspectives of rent-seeking and reputation-based explanations. Using a sample of all successfully listed firms from 2004 to 30 April 2011 and using conservatism and discretionary accruals to represent earnings quality and market-adjusted cumulative abnormal return to represent corporate economic performance, we find that (1) in the pre-IPO period, the clients that choose PORC audit firms have a higher level of conservatism in their earnings and lower income-increasing discretionary accruals than firms that choose other audit firms; and (2) in the post-IPO period, the clients that choose PORC audit firms have higher market-adjusted cumulative abnormal returns. Furthermore, the difference in quality between PORC audit firms’ clients and other audit firms’ clients is especially significant in the small PORC audit firms’ clients group. These findings support the reputation-based explanation.
Ocular Dirofilaria repens: not rare
Authors: Kim Usha , Gupta Mohit , Vidhya N. , Shanti
Published: August 2013

Aim:

To report three cases of ocular Dirofilaria repens.

Methods:

Three patients, who presented to us with mass in preseptal and orbital region, and were not improving with parenteral and oral steroids, were investigated. Excisional biopsy of the mass was done and histopathological report was studied and reported.

Results:

Histopathalogical examination revealed the mass to be degenerating filarial worms with surrounding inflammation.

Discussion:

Dirofilaria repens is a filarial nematode that affects dogs and other carnivores. Infections in humans usually manifests as a single subcutaneous nodule, which is caused by a macrofilaria that is trapped by the immune system. Over past one decade dirofilaria repens has been reported in ocular tissues by many authors in India and abroad. We here with present three such cases, who presented to us in short span of time, indicating that this presentation is no more rare.
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid: Case Report
Authors: Rajaraman Revathi , Vikram Vaidee , Raghavan Anita
Published: August 2013

Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP) is an autoimmune, progressive disorder that primarily affects the conjunctiva producing cicatrizing conjunctivitis and can progress to blindness. OCP can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge since it can present with different symptoms in different stages of the disease. We present 2 cases of OCP with such varying presentations, and highlight the need for early diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressive agents to stabilize the ocular surface and prevent progression to blindness.