The Influence of Specific Growth Factors on the Jaw Development in Anodontia Patients ‐ Porcine Model
Authors: Wolinski Jaroslaw , Wychowański Piotr , Słupecka‐Ziemilska Monika , Goncharova Kateryna , Pierzynowski Stefan Grzegorz , Wojtowicz Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Anodontia is described as the absence of all dental buds in primary, permanent or in both generations of dentition. This is due to contemporary lack of dental follicles at the same time. The dental follicles are known as a very reach source of various growth factors as BMP1, PDGF and others. The role of these growth factors seems to be very essential in maxilla and mandible bone formation as well as surrounding tissue health status. Anodontia is a disorder, which affects patient from the earliest childhood. This is why the complications of the lack of stimuli from the dental follicle growth factors are very long lasting in child maturation process and untreated may lead to huge skeletal abnormalities. The great expression of them are very difficult for patients from the aesthetic point of view because of the huge disproportion between upper, middle and lower part of the face and are so‐called the bird profile. This is a very significant sign and there is no possibility to hide it, so it can cause the social isolation of the patients and multiple psychotic disorders. The main aim of this research is to prove the influence of dental follicles growth factors on the development of porcine mandible, second is to describe the animal model of anodontia disorders in human.

METHODS

Experiments was performed on 6 newborn piglets born at term and without complications. The surgical procedures were conducted under the general anesthesia on the second day of piglets life. The triangular mucoperiosteal flap was prepared and elevated in the vestibulum of the oral cavity in order to perform the germectomy procedure. Afterwards, the vestibular lamina of bone covering piglets the first and the second deciduous molar tooth buds was removed. The removal of these buds and theirs folliculi was the next step of surgery. The closing suture of the wound has finished the procedure. The recovery period was 10 days with the five‐day antibiotic cover. Following surgery, the animals were held with their biological mothers (with litter) all‐time for three months the experiment. After the full experimental procedure, all animals were euthanized. Cone Beam Computer Tomography scans was made before and just after germectomy surgery as well as before the animal euthanasia was conducted.

RESULTS

Preliminary results of the study showed that the methodology of the proposed project is feasible. Animals tolerate the surgery and they do not have a significant impact on the further life piglets. Piglets are accepted by her mother and siblings, and very quickly return to everyday life in the group. The most valuable are the preliminary results of the mandible CT animals from a group of animals removed tooth germs. It has been shown that the removal of two molar tooth germs in 2‐day pigs (n=6) after three month causes highly significant (p=0.0072) reduction of the mandible 3.35±0.11 cm to 2.66±0.12 cm.

[Marg1] What can we conclude from the results?

CONCLUSION

These results support the premise of the research that growth factors teeth buds in a highly significant stimulate the growth and development of the jaw.

Support or Funding Information

This research was supported by National Science Center Grant no. 2015/17/B/NZ9/01447

This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.