bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Agent Based Software Approach towards Building Complex Systems
Authors: Kharb Latika , Sukic Enes
Published: October 2024

Agent-oriented techniques represent an exciting new means of analyzing, designing and building complex software systems. They have the potential to significantly improve current practice in software engineering and to extend the range of applications that can feasibly be tackled. Yet, to date, there have been few serious attempts to cast agent systems as a software engineering paradigm. This paper seeks to rectify this omission. Specifically, points to be argued include:firstly, the conceptual apparatus of agent-oriented systems is well-suited to building software solutions for complex systems and secondly, agent-oriented approaches represent a genuine advance over the current state of the art for
engineering complex systems. Following on from this view, the major issues raised by adopting an agentoriented approach to software engineering are highlighted and discussed in this paper.
Moments of Macrodiversity SC Receiver with Two Microdiversity EGC Receivers over Gamma Shadowed Rician Multipath Fading Channel
Authors: Temelkovski lija , Milačić Predrag , Aleksić Danijela , Đošić Danijel , Veljković Stanislav
Published: October 2024

SC macrodiversity system with dual EGC microdiversity receivers operating over shadowed multipath fading environment is considered. Received signal experiences correlated Gamma long term fading and Rician short term fading. SC macrodiversity receiver reduces Gamma large scale fading effects, while EGC microdiversity receivers mitigate short term fading effects on system performance. Closed form expressions for arbitrary order output moments of macrodiversity structure output signal is evaluated. Numerical results, obtained for arbitrary order output moments are presented graphically to show Gamma long term fading severity effect, correlation coefficient effects and Rician factor effect.
The Measurement of Hardness and Elastic Modulus of non-Metallic Inclusions in Steely Welding Joints
Authors: Ignatova Anna , Ignatov Mikhail
Published: October 2024

Trunk pipelines work under a cyclic dynamical mechanical load because when oil or gas is pumped, the pressure constantly changes - pulsates. Therefore, the fatigue phenomenon is a common reason of accidents. The fatigue phenomenon more often happens in the zone of non-metallic inclusions concentration. To know how the characteristics of non-metallic inclusions influence the probability of an accident the most modern research methods should be used.
It is determined with the help of the modern research methods that the accident rate of welded joints of pipelines is mostly influenced by their morphological type, composition and size of nonmetallic inclusions, this effect is more important than the common level of pollution by non-metallic inclusions. The article presents the results of the investigations of welded joints, obtained after the use of different common welding materials. We used the methods, described in the state standards: scanning electronic microscopy, spectral microprobe analysis and nano-indentation. We found out that non-metallic inclusions act like stress concentrators because they shrink, forming a blank space between metal and non-metallic inclusions; it strengthens the differential properties on this boundary. Nonmetallic inclusion is not fixed, it can move.
The data that we have received mean that during welded joints’ contamination (with non-metallic inclusions) monitoring process, more attention should be paid to the content of definite inclusions, but not to total contamination.
The Variation of Ionospheric TEC During Solar Eclipse on March 20, 2015
Authors: Atıcı Ramazan , Sağır Selçuk
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma, 20 Mart 2015 tarihindeki güneş tutulması sırasında toplam elektron içeriğinin (TEİ) değişimini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, beş farklı GPS alıcısından elde edilen TEİ değerleri [(MORP (55.21 N, 1.68 W), ONSA (57.39 N) , 11.92 D), MAR6 (60.59 K, 17.26 D), METS(60.22 K, 24.40 D), TRO1(69.66 K, 18.94 D)] yüzde sapma hesabı kullanılarak güneş tutulması sırasında iyonosferik değişimi belirlemek için incelendi. Güneş tutulmasının etkisini net bir şekilde görebilmek için, referans gün olarak jeomanyetik olarak sakin (30 Mart) ve tedirgin (19 Mart) günlerdeki TEİ değişiklikleri de incelenmiştir. Yüzde sapma hesaplarına bakıldığında tüm istasyonlarda TEC değerlerinde gün batımına benzer bir davranış gözlemlenmekte olup MORP, METS, MAR6, ONSA ve TRO1 istasyonlarında güneş tutulmasına bağlı olarak sırasıyla %16,45 %6,53, %7,99, %8,12 ve %7,22oranında azalma olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Her iki referans gününde de TEC değerlerinde bir artış vardır. Ancak tedirgin gündeki artış yüzdesi sakin güne göre daha fazladır. Tutulma büyüklüğü %80'den büyük olan bu beş istasyonda iyonosferik TEİ'deki azalmaların tutulmadan kaynaklandığı ifade edilebilir.
ESTIMATING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF FLY ASH ADDED CONCRETE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Kurt Zafer , Çakmak Talip , Gürbüz Ali , Ustabaş İlker
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence that predicts the compressive strength of fly ash substituted concretes using material mixing ratios. Within the scope of the study, 5 different fly ash mixed concrete samples were produced. The strength values were estimated using artificial neural networks before the produced samples were subjected to the pressure test. In order to develop the artificial neural network, it is introduced as a dataset of 3000 different mixing ratios consisting of experimental results in the existing literature. In order to estimate the compressive strength, varying ratios of 8 different materials such as water, cement, fly ash entering the mixture are analyzed. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the predictions made using artificial neural networks are very close to the strength values obtained from the experiments.I
Simulating Rocket Trajectory Using JSBSim and Optimal Thrust Profile for maximizing altitude of sounding rocket
Authors: Abdulkerim Sohayb
Published: October 2024

Solid rocket boosters are commonly used for launching sounding rockets due to their simplicity and power-ness. The shape and geometry of the propellant grain determine the thrust-time profile which has a significant effect on rocket performance. In practical application, the thrust profile has three typical curves; regressive, neutral, and progressive. A great deal of studies has been focused on optimizing the trajectory based on various state variables in which the profile of the thrust-time curve was not among those variables. In this research, design variables were the thrust profile, the object function was maximizing the altitude subjected to constraints of a fixed amount of fuel. The trajectory was found by solving the equations of motion. For comparison purposes, the trajectory was also found using JSBSim, an open-source flight dynamic simulator. In the final results of the optimization process, the input thrust-time curve was evolved into an unusual shape, the letter “V” shaped. In this type of profile, the thrust curve starts regressively until reaches zero value at the middle of the burning time and then continues progressively until the end. This behavior can be satisfied only by two-stage boosters. Thus, these results show that two-stage boosters perform better than single-stage. The improvement is obtained by consuming the solid propellant more efficiently allowing fewer energy losses. This reason is added to the fact that two-stage boosters allow reducing the total masses due to the casste separation.
Reconstruction of self-oscillating systems with delay time modulation
Authors:   Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the RAS, Russia, Ponomarenko Vladimir , Prokhorov Mihail ,   Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the RAS, Russia
Published: October 2024

The aim of our research is to study the possibility of reconstruction from time series the self-oscillating systems with variable time delay, demonstrating regimes of turbulent and laminar chaos. Methods. The object of study is self-oscillating systems described by delay-differential equations, in which the delay time is modulated by an external periodic signal. The possibility of estimating the parameters of systems with delay time modulation from their time series is considered using the known method for reconstructing systems with constant delay time, which is based on statistical analysis of time intervals between all possible pairs of extrema in time series. A new method for estimating the parameters of systems with variable delay time is proposed, based on statistical analysis of time intervals between two successive extrema in time series. Results. It is shown that in some cases the known methods for reconstructing systems with constant delay time are also effective for reconstructing systems with varying delay time. With their help, one can estimate the mean delay time and recove the nonlinear function of the system. The proposed method, aimed at application to time-delay systems with delay time modulation, allows one to estimate the frequency and amplitude of delay time modulation. Conclusion. The obtained results are of interest to various scientific disciplines that study systems with variable delay times based on their time series.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Lesion of the Thoracic Spine: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huynh Hieu Kim , Lacroix Maxime , Guigu Pierre , Ferrero Emmanuelle , Meatchi Tchao , Khalife Marc
Published: October 2024

Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition, with no previously described location in the spine. Here is presented a case of PMP extension to the thorax and then the spine, treated with two-level vertebrectomy, laminectomy, and posterior fusion.
Case Report: We report here the case of a 64-year-old man presenting pathological fractures of T6 and T7 due to PMP extension to the pleural cavity and thoracic spine. He presented interscapular pain with mild spinal cord compression symptoms. He was treated by achieving T5-T8 laminectomy, T2-T10 pedicle fixation, and T6-T7 vertebrectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful apart from a pulmonary embolism (PE) with favorable evolution under anticoagulants.
Conclusion: To achieve spinal cord decompression, kyphosis correction, and spine stabilization, a two-level vertebrectomy, laminectomy, and posterior fusion would be beneficial for a PMP lesion of the thoracic spine.
Designing a Human-centred Learning Analytics Dashboard In-use
Authors: Alfredo Riordan Dervin , Echeverria Vanessa , Zhao Linxuan , Lawrence LuEttaMae , Fan Jie Xiang , Yan Lixiang , Li Xinyu , Swiecki Zachari , Gašević Dragan , Martinez-Maldonado Roberto
Published: October 2024

Despite growing interest in applying human-centred design methods to create learning analytics (LA) systems, most efforts have concentrated on initial design phases, with limited exploration of how LA tools and practices can co-evolve during the actual learning and teaching activities. This paper examines how a human-centred LA dashboard can be further refined and adapted by teachers while actively using it in a real-world scenario (i.e., design-in-use), beyond its intended design (i.e., design-for-use). We use instrumental genesis as a theoretical lens to analyze the temporary and permanent instrumentalization of design features and individual and collective instrumentation of the LA dashboard. The analysis of semi-structured individual interviews with five nursing teachers who used an LA dashboard to guide team reflections with 224 students (56 teams) revealed technical and pedagogical changes that occurred in both the system’s features (instrumentalization) and teaching practices (instrumentation). We found that teachers adopted the LA dashboard beyond initially intended ways by (i) providing emotional support with the analytics, (ii) reducing details in AI-powered data visualizations for easier comprehension, (iii) creating data narratives to address data limitations, and (iv) collectively developing new practices to use the LA dashboard for co-teaching. Therefore, teachers’ design-in-use of the LA dashboard highlights the ongoing need for design improvements to address challenges posed by dynamic data and complex algorithms underlying AI and analytics interfaces.
Sleep as a Predictor of Health-Related Quality of Life among Economically Disadvantaged Black Older Adults
Authors: Roncoroni Julia , Tucker Carolyn M. , Wippold Guillermo , Ramchander Karthek , Pirapakaran Michell , Henry Meagan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Sleep disturbances may partially account for the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) disparities experienced by Black older adults when compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults. The present study examined the role of self-reported sleep duration and the belief that one is not getting enough sleep on physical and mental HRQoL among Black older adults.

Design

Participants were 281 community-dwelling, economically disadvantaged Black older adults between 60 and 97 years of age (Mean=69.01, SD=6.97) who lived in a large city in the Southeastern United States. The present study uses baseline data from a larger intervention study aimed at promoting social connection and food security among older adults. For this study (and as part of the larger intervention), participants completed an assessment battery that included (1) a demographic data and health questionnaire that included self-reported sleep duration and a belief that one is not getting enough sleep questions; (2) the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Health-Related Quality of Life–14 Healthy Days Core Module; and (3) the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief Form.

Results

Descriptive results show that most participants slept less than 7 hours and felt like they did not get enough sleep. Results from 2 hierarchical regressions also showed that believing one is not getting enough sleep predicts lower self-reported mental and physical HRQoL.

Conclusion

While sleep deprivation has a serious impact on quality of life for Black older adults, sleep disturbances in this population are understudied. Interventions to improve sleep duration and quality among Black older adults may help reduce disparities in quality of life between Black older adults and NHW adults.
A Pilot Study Examining Stress and Obesity among Employees at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU): Does Job Satisfaction Matter?
Authors: Archibald Paul , Daniels Kevin , Massenburg Robert , Simms Ethan , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the potential of using specific biopsychosocial instruments in capturing data on the relationship between stress and obesity and determine if job satisfaction influences the effect estimate.

Participants

Fifty-three Black employees at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU).

Methods

Logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations.

Results

Initially, perceived stress is not associated with obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36). The dimension of job satisfaction related to contingent/performance-based rewards had a negative significant relationship with obesity (AOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.96). The relationship between perceived stress and obesity became positively significant in the presence of job satisfaction related to contingent/performance-based rewards (AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.84).

Conclusions

Results indicate that perceived stress in conjunction with job satisfaction related to contingent/performance-based rewards may be related to obesity. This underscores the need for further investigation of obesity, stress, and job satisfaction among HBCU employees. The instruments and tools used showed promising capacity for use among this understudied population.
THE MODERATION ROLE OF SAFETY LEADERSHIP IN INFLUENCING A CULTURE OF PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Wijaya Kalis Satya , Indrawati Ratna , Dian Wahyuni
Published: October 2024

Background This research is motivated by several problems related to patient safety in central surgical installations from 2020 to 2022. The aim of this research is to empirically reveal the influence of interprofessional collaboration and the implementation of the surgical safety checklist on patient safety culture with safety leadership as a moderating variable.
Methods This research is motivated by several problems related to patient safety in central surgical installations from 2020 to 2022. The aim of this research is to empirically reveal the influence of interprofessional collaboration and the implementation of the surgical safety checklist on patient safety culture with safety leadership as a moderating variable.
Results The results of the three-box method analysis concluded that interprofessional collaboration, implementation of the surgical safety checklist and patient safety culture were at the medium index, and safety leadership was at the high index. Hypothesis testing proves that simultaneously interprofessional collaboration, implementation of the surgical safety checklist and safety leadership have an effect on patient safety culture with a p value of 0.000. Partially, interprofessional collaboration has an effect on patient safety culture with a t-value of 4.900, implementation of the surgical safety checklist with a t-value of 4.444, safety leadership with a t-value of 4.740.
Conclusion The moderation test concluded that safety leadership did not moderate the influence of interprofessional collaboration on patient safety culture with a t-value of 1.175, but moderated the influence of the implementation of the surgical safety checklist on patient safety culture with a t-value of 2.739.
EXPLORING EFFICACY OF KETAMINE COMBINATIONS: META ANALYSIS & REVIEW OF ITS USE IN SEDATION PROCEDURE
Authors: Ferriansyah Yudha , Setiadi Bakti
Published: October 2024

Background Recently, there has been a shift in the philosophy regarding procedural sedation. The best sedation agent should have quick induction and recovery times with few side effects. Several studies have investigated the combination of Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine-Propofol for reducing potential negative side effects during sedation procedures.
Methods The literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Meta-analysis based on the PRISMA methods. All variables and data were pooled in Excel, SPSS version 26 and Cochrane.
Results Total of 372 patients were in Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine group and 373 patients were in Ketamine- Propofol group. Patient characteristics in this study had a mean age of 2.4 to 9.1±1.6 years and mean weight 12 to 23.6±6 kg in the pediatric population and 27 to 51±8.5 years and 75 to 84.5±4.2 kg in the adult population. ASA criteria for each patient are ASA I-IV and the most ASA criteria in patients is ASA II. The procedure time from 5.7 to 63.4 ± 5.3 minutes and also comorbidities.
Conclusion The combination of drugs in sedation procedures is the best choice to achieve a balanced effect in reducing negative side effects of drugs. Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine appears to be superior than Propofol- Ketamine in terms of hemodynamic stability, oxygen saturation and fewer adverse events. Eventhough Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine has longer recovery time and lower heart rate.
BIOETHICS AND PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING: CHALLENGES AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Sari Restiana Mustika
Published: October 2024

Background Patient involvement in medical decision-making has become an integral element in contemporary healthcare, affirming the rights and autonomy of patients in their care processes. This review presents an in-depth study concerning the issue of patient involvement in medical decision-making from a bioethical perspective, as well as exploring the challenges and ethical implications that arise in clinical practice.
Methods A literature review method is used in this study, encompassing various literary sources that detail bioethical principles such as patient autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence in the context of medical decision-making. Additionally, this study seeks a profound understanding of how clinical practices and health policies influence patient involvement and present specific ethical challenges.
Result The findings of this literature review highlight the crucial role of bioethics in shaping more ethical practices in medical decision-making and identify key issues that need attention, such as inequality in access and information, value conflicts between patients and healthcare providers, and the need to focus on the best interests of the patient.
Conclusion By understanding these ethical challenges and implications, we can better develop guidelines and policies that support meaningful and ethical patient involvement in clinical practice. Thus, this research contributes to the development of healthcare that respects bioethical values as well as the rights and needs of patients.
Comparison of Serum Nesfatin-1 and Visfatin Levels Between Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Controls
Authors: Gücenmez Sercan , Özmen Mustafa , Solmaz Dilek , Gerçik Önay , Kalkan Ahmet Toygar , Kozaci Didem , Akar Servet
Published: October 2024

Even though elevated nesfatin-1 levels were reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) previously, the possible role of body mass index (BMI) was not excluded. The aim of the present study was to compare serum nesfatin-1 and visfatin levels between patients with RA and healthy controls who have normal BMI values (18.50.05). It seems that nesfatin-1 levels are significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy peers. However, nesfatin-1 levels were not found related to disease activity.
THE MYTH OF ‘ABŪ LAHAB’ IN Q.S. AL-MASAD [111]: 1
Authors: Syafirin Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The Qur’anic story of “Abū Lahab” is often misunderstood by some who assume that the story is factual-exclusive. This article is designed to examine how the concept of Abū Lahab is understood in Qur’anic terms, and how it is embodied in today’s context. This research uses a library research method with a descriptive-analytical pattern, through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach as a theoretical basis. Barthes argues that the language system can be understood through two steps of semiotic reading, the first is what he calls the linguistic system (language-object), and the second is the mythical system (metalanguage). To arrive at the mythical system, it is necessary to extract meaning through the signifier system, which consists of three elements: the signifier element, the signified element, and the sign element in the second layer of the semiotic system. Through Roland Barthes’ semiotic reading, the concept of Abū Lahab that is understood to be exclusively addressed to ‘Abd al-‘Uzzā is a myth. Abū Lahab is not a personal name, but a general and universal title. ‘Abd al-‘Uzzā is only one historical representation of the figure of Abū Lahab. From Barthes’ semiotics, Abū Lahab is more accurately understood as ‘anyone who opposes the truth and is intolerant (radical) towards other groups, not hesitating to carry out offensive resistance to them if it is not in line with their personal or group ideology or political interests’. Thus, in the modern context, anyone can potentially become “Abū Lahab” as the khiṭab of Q.S. Al-Masad if they share these characteristics.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE QUR’AN
Authors: Falah Muhammad Zulfikar Nur , Setiawan Ahmad Bayu , Habe M. ‘Izzuddin Robbani
Published: October 2024

The case of radicalism in Indonesia is considered unknown until now. The existence of cases of radicalism in Indonesia is very worrying and deserves our collective attention. A way to prevent radicalism can be done through the concept of religious moderation. Religious moderation is a concept for preventing acts of radicalism in Indonesia. Religious moderation is a straight attitude that puts forward proportional values as a role of thinking. The distinction between this research and previous studies is the position of the concept of religious moderation associated with the interpretation of the Qur’an as an implication for the prevention of radicalism in Indonesia meanwhile previous studies only focused on researching the concept of religious moderation about social attitudes of the community and not associated with the interpretation of the Qur’an. This research becomes urgent on how the concept of religious moderation in the Qur’an and its implications for the prevention of radicalism in Indonesia. This research uses a library research method, with relevant sources such as books, journals, theses, and dissertations. The results of this research include intergroup disputes that can be used by certain groups to incite violence, this appears as a cultural product of radicalism in Indonesia. An analysis of the concept of religious moderation in the Qur’an has been identified as a solution to deal with radicalism in Indonesia. This explanation directs each individual to develop an attitude of tolerance, and acceptance of traditions fairly, as well as increasing national commitment, which does not require extremism.
TAFSIR AND THE STATE
Authors: Maghfiratuzzahroh Maghfiratuzzahroh
Published: October 2024

This article will analyze the relationship between tafsir and the state in Tafsir Madura, namely Tafsir Al-Qur’anul Karim Nurul Huda by Mudhar Tamim. Mudhar Tamim was one of the politicians during the New Order, so there may be a discourse related to the state. So, this article will try to see how the interpretation of verses about statehood and leadership in the Qur’an through a critical review of the interpretation of Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 30, Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 154, Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 216, and Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 247 as well as excerpts of explanations regarding the virtues of reading basmalah. Through these verses, it will be seen how the socio-political contestation that occurred during the New Order period affected Mudhar Tamim’s interpretation. This research is a literature study with an analytical-descriptive method using Karl Manheim’s sociology of knowledge theory. After looking at the interpretation of the verses mentioned above through Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge, it can be concluded that Mudhar Tamim’s interpretation seems very close to the condition of the Indonesian state at the time of writing, as evidenced by the verses of state defense which are related to the spirit of Indonesian independence and the verses of the caliph which are related to the state leader. However, Mudhar Tamim’s interpretation, especially in the leadership verses, criticizes and evaluates the government. So, it can be said that Mudhar Tamim’s tafsir Al-Qur’anul Karim Nurul Huda is a form of counter-discourse from the Soeharto regime.
FROM TAFSIR TO TADABBUR
Authors: Ridho Ahmed Zaranggi Ar
Published: October 2024

This article aims to look at the history of tadabbur knowledge in Saudi Arabia as an alternative trend in understanding the Qur’an in the contemporary era. The study of Qur’anic reading dominated by hermeneutical-contextual discourse ignores other responses to the complexity of understanding and applying Qur’anic content. The stagnation of the development of Qur’anic interpretation in Saudi Arabia is not entirely true. One form of response that has become a trend is the recitation of tadabbur al-Qur’ān. This is indicated by the massive publication of various books on tadabbur in the last twenty years (2000–2020), which symbolizes the alternation of Saudi Arabian scholars in responding to contemporary interpretive discourse. Tadabbur inspiration can be found in three works of tafsir written by Saudi scholars beginning with ‘Abdurraḥmān Sa‘dī, Shaykh Uthaimīn, and Shaykh Sulaymān al-Lāḥīm. Through a survey and brief review of the idea of tadabbur in the knowledge network of Qur’anic exegesis in Saudi Arabia, this study found three main trends. First, the influence of Salafi ideology as an idea that underlies the dissemination of the concept of Qur’anic tadabbur. Second, revitalization efforts were made by ‘Abdurraḥmān Ḥabannakah in making tadabbur a separate discipline. Third, as a response to the diversity of contextual-applicative approaches dominated by the hermeneutic approach to the Qur’an. These three trends become a form of methodological response of Saudi Arabian scholars to the discourse of reading the Qur’an that developed in the contemporary era.
A harness trial for radio-tracking threatened birds inhabiting dense vegetation
Authors:   School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia, Boulton Rebecca ,   BirdLife Australia, Suite 2–05, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia, Whittaker Darcy ,   School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia,   BirdLife Australia, Suite 2–05, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia, Hartvigsen-Power Claire ,   Zoos South Australia, Monarto Safari Park, Monarto SA 5254, Australia,   Northern and Yorke Landscape Board, 155 Main North Road, Clare SA 5453, Australia, Lehmann Chantelle ,   BirdLife Australia, Suite 2–05, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia,   RSD 263, Newland Service, Kingscote SA 5223, Australia, Thomas Janelle ,   BirdLife Australia, Suite 2–05, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
Published: October 2024

The 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires resulted in the conservation status listing and uplisting of many species because of the significant loss of species’ habitat, while also highlighting the lack of basic empirical data available for many of our threatened taxa. The Kangaroo Island Western Whipbird Psophodes nigrogularis lashmari and Western Bassian Thrush Zoothera lunulata halmaturina were two such taxa uplisted to Endangered. Both species are extremely cryptic, making monitoring their post-fire recovery particularly difficult. We trialled a small rubber-band backpack harness designed specifically to attach radio-transmitters to ground-foraging species inhabiting dense vegetation to assess its usefulness in future studies. The harness design was very quick and easy to attach in the field, with retention times of c. 14–22 days achieved. The rubber band’s natural ‘weak link’ makes it a useful and simple harness technique in studies where entanglement is a potential issue and short-term deployment is desirable.
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Disc Hernia Surgery: Mapping the Landscape of Techniques and Outcomes through Bibliometric Analysis of Current Meta-analyses
Authors: Bulut Halil , Guner Kursat , Polat Omer , Derman Peter
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Lumbar radiculopathy, frequently triggered by disc herniation, affects around one in 50 young adults (30-55 ages), leading to significant impacts on quality of life. When conservative treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, surgical intervention such as discectomy is often pursued. Technological advancements have led to various minimally invasive techniques, promising improved outcomes. Our aim was to compare clinical outcomes of different techniques. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed using "lumbar disc hernia" and the meta-analysis filter. Inclusion criteria comprised meta-analyses focusing on lumbar disc herniation treatments, published in English. A rigorous selection process adhering to PRISMA guidelines ensured high-quality evidence extraction. Results: From 28,171 initial records, 31 meta-analyses involving 87,852 patients were included. Heterogeneity across the literature presented challenges, notably in study populations, surgical techniques, and research designs. Among the techniques evaluated, full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) emerged as superior in various perioperative parameters, including Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), operation time, and complications. Conversely, automated percutaneous discectomy (AUTD) consistently exhibited poorer outcomes, suggesting limited effectiveness compared to other techniques. Conclusion: Despite advancements, the heterogeneity observed in the literature underscores the need for standardized approaches in minimally invasive spinal surgery research. FELD stands out as a preferred technique, offering favorable outcomes across multiple parameters. Conversely, techniques like AUTD raise concerns regarding efficacy. Future research should aim for uniformity in methodologies to facilitate accurate comparisons and guide clinical decision-making.
Navigating Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Societal Implications, Ethical Considerations, and Governance Strategies
Authors: Bikkasani Dileesh Chandra
Published: October 2024

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) represents a pivotal advancement in AI with far- reaching implications across technological, ethical, and societal domains. This paper addresses the following: (1) an in-depth assessment of AGI’s transformative potential across different sectors and its multifaceted implications, including significant financial impacts like workforce disruption, income inequality, productivity gains, and potential systemic risks; (2) an examination of critical ethical considerations, including transparency and accountability, complex ethical dilemmas and societal impact; (3) a detailed analysis of privacy, legal and policy implications, particularly in intellectual property and liability, and (4) a proposed governance framework to ensure responsible AGI development and deployment. Additionally, the paper explores and addresses AGI's political implications, including national security and potential misuse. By analyzing and considering computer science, philosophy, economics, and policy perspectives, we offer a multidisciplinary view of AGI’s challenges and opportunities, advocating for proactive measures to align AGI development with human values and societal interests.
FL-APB: Balancing Privacy Protection and Performance Optimization for Adversarial Training in Federated Learning
Authors: Liu Teng , Wu Hao , Sun Xidong , Niu Chaojie , Yin Hao
Published: October 2024

Federated Learning (FL), as a distributed machine learning method, is particularly suitable for training models that require large amounts of data while meeting increasingly strict data privacy and security requirements. Although FL effectively protects the privacy of participants by avoiding the sharing of raw data, balancing the risks of privacy leakage with model performance remains a significant challenge. To address this, this paper proposes a new algorithm—FL-APB (Federated Learning with Adversarial Privacy-Performance Balancing). This algorithm combines adversarial training with privacy protection mechanisms to dynamically adjust privacy and performance budgets, optimizing the balance between the two while enhancing and ensuring performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the FL-APB algorithm significantly improves model performance across various adversarial training scenarios, while effectively protecting the privacy of participants through adversarial training of privacy data.
Impact of Legacy Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) on GABA Receptor-Mediated Currents in Neuron-like Neuroblastoma Cells: Insights into Neurotoxic Mechanisms and Health Implications
Authors: Lagostena Laura , Rotondo Davide , Gualandris Davide , Calisi Antonio , Lorusso Candida , Magnelli Valeria , Dondero Francesco
Published: October 2024

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are persistent environmental pollutants, raising concerns due to their widespread presence and disruptive biological effects. These compounds are highly stable, allowing them to bioaccumulate in the environment and living organisms, potentially impacting critical physiological functions such as hormonal balance, immune response, and increasing cancer risk. Despite regulatory restrictions, their pervasive nature necessitates further research into their potential effects on cellular and neuronal function. This study first evaluated the cytotoxic effects of PFOS and PFOA on S1 neuroblastoma cells, revealing a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability for PFOS, while PFOA exhibited minimal toxicity until millimolar concentrations. We further investigated their potential to modulate GABAergic neurotransmission using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Both PFOS and PFOA caused a significant, but reversible, reduction in GABA receptor-mediated currents following one-minute pre-treatment. These findings suggest that PFOS and PFOA can interfere with both cellular viability and GABAergic signaling, providing critical insights into their functional impacts and highlighting the need for further investigation into the long-term consequences of PFAS exposure on nervous system health.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Architecture: A Comprehensive Analysis of AI Software Tools and Their Global Adoption
Authors: Cortiços Nuno Dinis , Zheng Xue , Duarte Carlos C.
Published: October 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into architecture is reshaping the industry by enhancing design processes, project management, and sustainability efforts. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of AI software tools, focusing on their functionalities in the market, automated site analysis, building performance analysis, architectural design development, and additional features. Key findings reveal that while tools like Spacio.ai, Swapp, and Autodesk Forma offer extensive features across various design phases, their effectiveness is influenced by design capabilities, sustainability and viability assessments, overall architectural design procedures, and third-party interactions. The study underscores the need for tailored AI tools that can effectively follow the architectural process from conceptualization and design to engineering and building permits, all while ensuring full regulatory compliance and adaptability in real-time. By identifying current trends and features, this study contributes to understanding the role of AI in architecture, offering valuable insights for software developers and professionals aiming to integrate AI capabilities into a robust platform. The goal is to elevate architecture to higher levels of human engagement and construction excellence, harnessing the full potential of AI.
Spatial Variability of Soil Acidity and Lime Requirements for Potato Cultivation in the Huánuco Highlands
Authors: Quispe Kenyi , Mejía Sharon , Carbajal Carlos , Alejandro Lidiana , Verástegui Patricia , Solórzano Richard
Published: October 2024

Soil acidity is a major limiting factor for potato production in Peru's high Andean region. Predicting the spatial variability of acidity is essential for recommending site-specific liming treatments. A total of 90 soil samples, taken from a depth of 0-30 cm, were collected from five locations in the province of Pachitea, Huánuco. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation analysis were used to identify the soil properties contributing most to total variance and those most strongly correlated with soil acidity. The ordinary geostatistical kriging method evaluated the predictive accuracy for 23 soil properties and liming requirements over a 28,463-ha area. Results showed that the Plaza Punta and Buenos Aires locations had more de-graded acidic soils, with frequencies between 55% and 100% above the general mean (30.94 ± 24.87%) and the critical threshold (25%) for potato cultivation. Variables such as exchangeable calcium percentage (ECP), Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, sand content, and organic matter strongly correlated with soil acidity, while exchangeable H⁺ and ECP were the main contributors to the total variance. Ge-ostatistical analysis revealed that Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ had the highest R² values (0.87 and 0.76, respec-tively), indicating a strong fit between observed and predicted values in the spatial analysis of soil acidity. The spatial analysis predicted a liming requirement for a 28,463-ha area, ranging from 2 to 14 t∙ha⁻¹ of dolomite.
Green Solvent-Assisted Fabrication of CNT-Enhanced PLA Nano Biocomposite for 3D Printed Biosensors
Authors: Sharifi Javid , Rizvi Ghaus , Fayazfar Haniyeh (Ramona)
Published: October 2024

The current study explores for the first time an eco-friendly solution casting method using a green solvent, Ethyl Acetate, to prepare feedstock/filaments from Polylactic Acid (PLA) biopolymer reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by 3D printing and surface activation for biosensing applications. Comprehensive thermal, electrical, rheological, microstructural, and mechanical properties of developed feedstock and 3D printed parts were performed and analyzed. Herein, adding 2 wt.% CNTs to the PLA matrix marked the electrical percolation, achieving conductivity of 8.3×10-3 S.m-1, thanks to the uniform distribution of CNTs within the PLA matrix facilitated by the solution casting method. Rheological assessments paralleled these findings; the addition of 2 wt.% CNTs transitioned the nanocomposite from liquid-like to a solid-like behavior with a percolated network structure, significantly elevating rheological properties compared to composite with 1 wt.% CNTs. Mechanical evaluations of the printed samples revealed improvement in tensile strength and modulus compared to virgin PLA by a uniform distribution of 2 wt.% CNTs into PLA, with an increase of 14.5% and 10.3%, respectively. To further enhance the electrical conductivity and sensing capabilities of developed samples, an electrochemical surface activation treatment was applied to as-printed nanocomposite samples. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis confirmed that this surface activation effectively exposed the CNTs to the surface of 3D-printed parts by removing a thin layer of polymer from the surface, thereby optimizing the composite's electroconductivity performance. The findings of this study underscore the potential of the proposed eco-friendly method in developing advanced 3D printed bio nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes and biopolymers, using a green solution casting and cost-effective material extrusion 3D printing method, for electrochemical sensing applications.
Metabolomics-Based Machine Learning Models Accurately Predict Breast Cancer Estrogen Receptor Status
Authors: Arumalla Kamala , Haince Jean-Francois , Bux Rashid A , Huang Guoyu , Tappia Paramjit S. , Ford W. Rand , Vaida Maria L.
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is a global concern as a leading cause of death for women. Early and precise diagnosis can be vital in handling the disease efficiently. Breast cancer subtyping based on estrogen receptor (ER) status is crucial for determining prognosis and treatment. This study uses metabolomics data from plasma samples to detect metabolite biomarkers that could distinguish ER-positive from ER-negative breast cancers in a non-invasive manner. The dataset includes demographic information, ER status, and metabolite levels from 188 breast cancer patients and 73 healthy controls. Supervised, unsupervised, and ensemble machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to identify key metabolites associated with ER status, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multidimensional Scaling (MS), Logistic Regression (LR), and Ensemble learning. The most informative feature set, containing 28 biomarkers and two demographic factors, achieved an impressive 96% accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 93% using the Logistic Regression model. These results suggest that ML has great promise for identifying specific metabolites linked to ER expression, paving the development of a novel analytical tool that can minimize current lab challenges such as analytical sample handling, subjective results interpretation, biological heterogeneity of the tumor in a non-invasive and efficient manner aiding in more precise diagnosis of breast cancer.
Assessing the Impact of Drug-Eluting Bead Transarterial Chemoembolization on Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights from a Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Liu Cong , Yuan Lei , Zhang Hui , Wang Jian Yu , Zhao Chen , Xu Xiao Yang , Liu Long
Published: October 2024

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the impact of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) compared to conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a specific focus on liver fibrosis progression. By utilizing propensity score matching (PSM), the study seeks to examine the effects of both treatments on liver fibrosis and survival rates, providing evidence to inform clinical decision-making. Methods:This retrospective analysis included HCC patients who underwent DEB-TACE or cTACE at Xuzhou Cancer Hospital between October 2020 and September 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to ensure comparability between the two groups based on baseline characteristics, with a 1:1 matching ratio. The primary endpoints included liver fibrosis markers (such as hyaluronic acid, type III procollagen, type IV collagen, and laminin), liver function trends (ALT, AST, TBIL, ALB), and adverse events. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results:After PSM, 92 patients were included (46 in the DEB-TACE group and 46 in the cTACE group). Results demonstrated that the DEB-TACE group showed superior outcomes in reducing liver fibrosis markers (e.g., PC-III, IV-C, and LN) compared to the cTACE group. Additionally, the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and postoperative pain was significantly lower in the DEB-TACE group (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that PFS and OS were significantly longer in the DEB-TACE group compared to the cTACE group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed the independent protective effect of DEB-TACE in reducing liver fibrosis progression (OR = 2.39, p = 0.044). Conclusion:This study confirms the advantages of DEB-TACE in treating patients with intermediate to advanced HCC, particularly in slowing liver fibrosis progression and improving survival outcomes. The use of propensity score matching enhances the reliability of these findings. Future studies should continue to explore the potential of DEB-TACE in broader patient populations to optimize treatment strategies for HCC.
Acute Physiological and Behavioural Effects of One Session of 1-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Aphasia
Authors: Williams Ellen E. R. , Hordacre Brenton , Attrill Stacie , Suresh Suraj , Ford Amy , Goldsworthy Mitchell , Rogasch Nigel C.
Published: October 2024

Objective: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise as an aphasia treatment, however its physiological mechanisms in people with aphasia (PWA) remain largely unclear. Electroencephalography (EEG) could be used to explore rTMS mechanisms. The present study investigated the acute effects of rTMS in PWA on: 1) an EEG measure of language (N400 event-related potential); and 2) picture naming. Methods: Eleven people with chronic non-fluent or anomic aphasia (64 ± 10.13 years old; 8 males; 37.27 ± 20.64 months since stroke) received one session of 1-Hz rTMS and one session of sham to the right pars triangularis at 80% resting motor threshold (RMT). N400 mean amplitude and picture naming accuracy were compared before and after each session. Results: No acute changes were observed in N400 mean amplitude or picture naming accuracy as compared to sham (p > 0.05; BF10 < 0.33). Conclusions: Results suggest that language networks underlying the N400 are not altered following one session of 1-Hz rTMS in PWA. Significance: Although EEG could be useful for assessing physiological mechanisms of rTMS in PWA, the N400 does not appear to be a viable measure of acute 1-Hz rTMS effects, at least when delivered at 80% RMT in a single session.