bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
660MW Single Auxiliary Ultra-Supercritical Unit Main Stream’s Temperature Control Strategy Optimization Studies
Authors: Huang Huan Pao , Yu Ji An , Su Qian , Wang Lei
Published: March 2014

2 × 660MW ultra-supercritical units of O'Brien Power Plant are single configuration of auxiliary pilot project, due to the higher its parameters and performance requirements, it need better control strategies to ensure safe and economical operation. Against traditional cascade PID main steam’s temperature control system delaying large, this article proposed control strategy based on Smith estimated. Main steam’s temperature controlled object inert zone mathematical model can be showed by multi-volume model, and use the improved system for large inertia Smith Predictor to make dynamic parameter control systems improvements. Simulation results of the simulation machine show that: Optimization emperor steam temperature control is in an adjustable range and the policy in separate auxiliary units is feasible.
CM6125 Machine Tool Numerical Control Reform
Authors: Meng Fan Jun , Ji Jing , Liu Li Hong , Zhang Yun He , He Fei , He Yi , Chao Hui Jun , Hong Rui , Liu Jian Yu
Published: March 2014

Electronic technology, microcomputer technology, ultra-precision machining technology, testing technology and automatic control theory get great development, the relevant technology of Nc machine is in rapid change, it has strided in the new area of computer digital control. Nc Machine reform has become a new growth point of the whole industry market , it has be noticed by international scholars and enterprises. In some developed countries, The related supporting services can be still obtained by reformed second-hand machine. The relevant studies of Nc machine reform has also has been promoted by some colleges and universities and research institutions. The competitiveness of the enterprises has been enhanced, the after-sales trouble has been eliminated, These powerful measures heavily promoted the Nc machine to thrive.
Determination Analysis Model of Inter-Regional Power Replacement in China
Authors: Tan Zhong Fu , Liu Hai Bo , Lin Li Qiong , Chen Zhi Hong
Published: March 2014

To determine the inter-regional power replacement, this paper starts from the inter-regional power transmission and out-purchased demands and puts forward the analysis models of power transmission and out-purchased. Then it focuses on the decision problem of inter-regional power transmission and out-purchased where power supply exceeds power demand and provide the corresponding optimization algorithm. The models shows that inter-regional power replacement can reduce the generation pollutants emission, promote the power efficiency, and raise renewable energy grid-connected content like hydropower, wind power and so on, making magnificent economy and environmental effects.
Facing on Green Failure Mode Effects Analysis and Improvement Measures of CNC Machining Center
Authors: Zhu Xiu Rong , Wang Gui Ping
Published: March 2014

In this paper, a analysis method is proposed on failure mode effects of facing on green CNC machining center. And the weak links of CNC machine tool were fund out on Green the reliability combining with the fuzzy evaluation and the reliability failure analysis, and its failure causes were analyzed and the corresponding improvement measures were put forward. It provides a more practical method to research the reliability and green of mechanical and electronic products.
Chinese library classification number: TG659
Study on Accuracy Affected by the Proficiency of Body Measurement and the Characters of Points Related
Authors: Cao Bin , Jia Shao Long , Ji Jian Hang , Shang Xiao Mei
Published: March 2014

Body measurement plays an important role in clothing manufacturing, especially in advanced clothing customization.[The purpose of this paper is not only to offer some approaches to testing the size collected, but also to make sure that the accuracy of measurements are satisfied with clothing made. In this paper, ANOVA and orthogonal experimental are seen as mathematical model to analyze the accuracy of data measured by clothing made. Three factors selected to explore this question are surveyor (factor A), proficiency of work (factor B) and characters of points related to body measurement (factor C).This model can be used to evaluate the different effects on every factor alone, and to find some factors on which have a significant influence. According to the result, both factor B and factor C have significant influence on the accuracy. The creativity in this paper is making use of orthogonal experiment and ANOVA to find and test the factors related to the accuracy.
Effect of NaWO3F Content on the Liquidus Temperature of NaCl-KCl-NaWO3F Molten Salt System
Authors: Li Jie , Pei Yang , Liu Ya Bin , Li Yun Gang
Published: March 2014

The liquidus temperature of molten salt NaCl-KCl-NaWO3F system was measured by differential thermal analysis. The results show that in the molten salt system when :=1:1, XNaWO3F <0.5 the liquidus temperature decreased with the increase of NaWO3F content; when :=1:1, XNaWO3F>0.5 the liquidus temperature increased with the increase of NaWO3F content; the eutectic temperature is 615.9 °C, the eutectic composition is =0.25, =0.25, XNaWO3F=0.5.
Effect of Na2WO4 Content on the Liquidus Temperature of NaCl-KCl-NaF-Na2WO4 Molten Salt System
Authors: Li Jie , Pei Yang , Liu Ya Bin , Li Yun Gang
Published: March 2014

The liquidus temperature of molten salt NaCl-KCl-NaF-Na2WO4 system was measured by differential thermal analysis. The results show that in the molten salt system when 0.6 eutectic temperature is 542.1 °C and a phase transition temperature is 515.4 °C, eutectic composition become = 0.28, = 0.28, =0.14, = 0.3; when > 0.6, eutectic temperature and a phase transition temperature are respectively 597.7 °C and 495.8 °C, eutectic composition become = 0.12, = 0.12, = 0.06, = 0.7.
Studies on the Way of Obtain C4H8+ Small Fragments by the Ring of C5H8O+
Authors: Chen Hong Bin , Zhu Ying , Wu Jie
Published: March 2014

Using B3LYP method to obtain the stable configuration of C5H8O+, and is used as the reference configuration. In the 6-31+G (D, P) basis set, we have used CIS method to calculate the structure of cyclopentanone ions excited state and vibration frequencies. In the fourth excited state, the vibration frequency is f=-1856.44 cm-1f=-311.471cm-1 , we analyze The main dissociation to obtain small molecule fragments of C4H8+ approach.
The Effect of Temperature on the NiCu Coating Prepared by Electroplating
Authors: Yang Rui Song , Fu Qing Shan , Li Ming Tian , Jin Yong Zhong
Published: March 2014

In this paper, the NiCu alloy coatings were electroplated on the 304 stainless steel coupon. The XRD was used to identify the phase structure of the as-prepared products. The SEM and EDS were used to observe the surface morphology of the as-prepared coatings and the atomic composition of the as-prepared coatings, respectively. The influences of the temperature on the as-plated NiCu coatings are systematically researched. It was found that the lower of the temperature, the more compact of the coatings. With the increasing of the temperatures, the content of the nickel decrease and that of the copper increase. When the temperature is lower than 35 °C the contents of nickel and copper do not vary apparently. When the temperature is larger than 40 °C, there are significant increases of the copper content while apparent decreases of the nickel content.
Study on Milling Force of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composites with Ultrasonic Longitudinal and Torsional Vibration High Speed Milling
Authors: Xiang Dao Hui , Yang Guang Bin , Liang Song , Wang Yan Feng , Qin Qiang
Published: March 2014

High volume fraction SiCp/Al composites were milled in ultrasonic longitudinal and torsional vibration high speed milling and high speed milling in this experiment, study on effects of different milling parameters (milling depth ap, feed engagement fz, the milling speed vz) on milling force. The results shows that in the same cutting parameters ,the three milling force of ultrasonic longitudinal and torsional vibration high speed milling are smaller than that of high speed milling, and milling forces of two milling method increase with the add of the milling depth and feed engagement ,but they aren't fold increase. Milling forces of two milling method decrease with the add of the the minlling speed,and the changes become gently when the the minlling speed run up to 170m/min, with the further increase of the milling speed,ultrasonic vibration high speed milling will translate to high speed milling, this is because the torsional vibration is submerged.
Simulation of Fixed Bed Reactor for the Dehydration Reaction from Alcohol Gas to Ethylene
Authors: Song Ying Tao , Dang Ming Yan
Published: March 2014

A numerical model has been established and solved to describe the dehydration reaction from alcohol to ethylene. The influences of the gas velocity and the temperature of the feeding gas to the process of the reaction were discussed. The results showed that, the influence of the radial diffusion on the reaction characteristics could be ignored while the influence of radial heat conduction to the temperature distribution was significant. The temperature distribution decreased alone the axial direction at first and then increased, that is a lowest point of the temperature could be found. When the velocity of the gas slowed down or the temperature of the feeding gas increased, the conversion of the reactant and the selectivity of the target product could be improved, the distance of the lowest temperature point to the entrance got closer and the outlet temperature became higher.
Influence of Strain Gauge Bonding-Process on Measurement Data Accuracy of Composite Material Structure
Authors: Zuo Jia , Zhang Jian Feng
Published: March 2014

With the extensive application of composite materials in aircraft structure, effect of the installing process of strain gauge on the strain measuring results of composite structure need to be researched experimentally. In this paper, the composite (T700/LT-03A) was selected to made specimens, and the different grinding manners, surface cleaning agents and bonding agents were adopted respectively as one of strain gauge installing processes. In order to identify influence of the different installing processes on the measuring data accuracy, measured strain data repeatability, linearity and characteristics of measured value oscillation are served as test standard. The compared test results show that the strain installing processes adopted in strength test on traditional metal also apply to the composite (T700/LT-03A) structures strength test.
Manufacturing Technique and Stab-Resistance Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Nylon 6/LPET Compound Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Lu Po Ching , Yeh Hsuan Mao , Lin Jia Horng
Published: March 2014

This study aims to examine the influence of the temperatures of heat treatment on the puncture-resistance of Nylon6/LPET compound nonwoven fabrics. Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) fibers and low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fibers are combined and undergo a heat treatment to make three-dimensional (3-D) Nylon 6/LPET compound nonwoven fabrics through a nonwoven process. The nonwoven fabrics are tested for their dynamic puncture resistance, constant rate puncture resistance, and impact strength. The experiment results show that when thermally treated at a high temperature, the compound nonwoven fabrics are rendered with a lower dynamic puncture resistance and a lower constant rate puncture resistance, but a greater impact strength.
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Physical Property PET/Stainless Steel Composite Fabrics
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Lin Ting An , Chen An Pang , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2014

The electronic appliance is capable of emitting electromagnetic waves that will cause the damage of electrical equipment and influence peoples health. In this study, stain steel filament (SS filament) and 75D PET filament were used to manufacture SS/PET composite yarn The SS/PET composite yarn were made by the wrapping machine, which the core yarn is stain steel filament, wrapped yarn is 75D PET filament and the wrapping layers is varied as one and two. After that, the composite yarn is fabricated by the automatic sampling loom into composite woven fabrics. The composite SS/PET woven fabrics were under the tests of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and air permeability. The test results revealed that the EMSE of the one-layer composite woven fabric is 9.5 dB at 900 MHz, but the EMSE decreases as test frequency increases. When laminating layer added to three layers, the EMSE raise up to 12.6 dB. The EMSE of composite woven fabric reached at 29.9 when the laminated angle is 45°. And the air permeability decreases as the laminate layer increases, which the thickness of sample affect air to pass through the sample.
Nonwoven Fabrics Made by Using Recycled Polyester Fiber to Reinforce Low-Melting-Point Polylactide: Processing Technique and Property Evaluation
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Shih Ying Huei , Lin Ching Wen , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2014

Polymeric material, which is commonly used in packaging, has been widely applied due to the fact that it is lightweight and chemical resistant. Being non-degradable, polymeric waste can thus only be eliminated by burning, and subsequently, there is a rising need for degradable polymeric material to manage this manner of disposal. This study thus uses degradable, low-melting-point polylactide (LMPLA) fibers and recycled polyester (RPET) fibers to make nonwoven fabrics for packaging. The tensile strength, tear strength, and air permeability of the nonwoven fabrics are then tested. The experiment results show that a 40% of RPET fibers can effectively promote the mechanical properties of the LMPLA nonwoven fabrics.
Mechanical and Puncture Resistance Property of Inflaming-Retarding Fiber Composite
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Li Ting Ting , Hsu Ying Hsuan , Shih Ying Huei , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2014

For application as surface layer of PU composites for the future, puncture resistance and inflame retarding property are both considered. Therefore, in this preliminary study, we discussed effect of Nylon fiber fineness and hot pressing on tensile, tear and puncture resistance properties of fiber composite composed of inflame retarding nonwoven and Nylon/PET nonwoven. Result shows that, Fiber composite with finer Nylon fibers exhibited higher tensile strength and puncture resistances. Hot pressing decreased tensile strength, tear strength and puncture resistance by 5-mm needle penetration, but increased puncture resistance by 2-mm needle penetration.
Manufacturing Technique and Mechanical Property Evaluations of Polypropylene/Short Coir/Short Glass Fiber Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Lin Zheng Lan , Chen Jin Mao , Fan Cha Chi , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2014

This study uses a single screw extruder to make short coir (SC), an agricultural waste, high-strength short glass fiber (SGF), and polypropylene (PP) into pellets, which are then made into wood plastic composites (WPC) on an injection machine. During the process, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) is used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion between coir and PP as well as between SGF and PP. A tensile strength test, flexural strength test, and Izod impact strength test are performed on the samples to examine the mechanical properties. The experiment results show that when the content of SGF increases from 3 wt% to 12 wt%, the tensile strength increases from 26.08 MPa to 36.68 MPa, and flexural strength increases from 36.01 MPa to 49.91 MPa, but the Izod impact strength decreases from 286.16 J/m to 218.14 J/m. In addition, the addition of 2 wt% of PP-g-MA improves the interfacial adhesion between matrices (PP) and reinforcement (SC or SGF), thereby fortifying the mechanical properties of the composites.
Manufacturing and Mechanical Evaluation of HRBP/PPTA Intra-Ply Hybrid Nonwovens for Protecting Cushioning Composites
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Yan Ruo Si , Wang Rui , Wang Cheng , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2014

In this study, high-resilience bonding polyester/Poly-paraphenylene terephthalamid intra-ply hybrid nonwovens with various fiber blending ratios and thermal treatment conditions were prepared through needle-punching and thermal bonding. The mechanical characteristics including tensile strength, tear strength, puncture resistance and bursting strength were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Kevlar fibers enhanced the mechanical properties of hybrid nonwovens. The tensile strength, puncture resistance and bursting strength also improved with the increase in thermal treatment duration and temperature while the tear strength had lower strength when treated at 180°C than at 170°C. The reason was thermal bonding points restricted the slippage of the fibers leading the fibers to break in sequence instead of sustaining the tension together.
Study of Rheological Effects on the Stress and Deformation of the Sand-Gravel-Fill Dam
Authors: Ren Liang , Li Yang , Hu Bo , Jiang Min
Published: March 2014

This paper analyses and selects the rheological mechanism and rheological analysis of the sand-gravel-fill dam, and combines with concrete-face sand-gravel-fill dam engineering practice, using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element methods to analyze the rheological effects on stress and deformation of the dam, using two calculation program of considering sand-gravel rheological effects or not. Then analyze and compare the results of the two calculation program, and systematically summarize the rheological effects on stress and deformation of the dam.
Simulation Analysis about Dynamic Characteristics of Crane's Jib System Based on the Lifting Loads
Authors: Hu Shi Cheng , Zou Ning Bo , Ouyang Shuo , Zhang Wei You
Published: March 2014

Given the importance of the jib system which has direct impact on the comprehensive performance of portal crane, this article regards the Jib system as a whole. Detailed finite element model of the jib system was established and vibration modes were calculated based on the finite element method. This paper conducted a transient dynamic simulation and obtained dynamic response to the boom structure in the process of lifting rated weight at the maximum amplitude position. This research approach is not only very useful to obtain dynamic response and assess the fatigue life of the jib system in the design phase, but also to provide a theoretical basis for the design of portal crane.
Design and Research of Mechanical Manufacturing for Wind Power Generation Device in Highway
Authors: Deng Si Qi , Pan Rui , Fang Fan Tao , Zhang Ming , Ma Deng Yun
Published: March 2014

For Highway potentially huge wind power resources and difficult issues such as electrical equipment, proposed an unnatural wind would wake at high speed car into electrical energy generated by the new plant. According to the results of measuring the wind speed site, binding studies of literature data, simulation and optimization of the impeller for fan, in order to determine the type of the selected impeller; analyzed by the mathematical model of the car to increase fuel consumption, this means economic results show generated is considerable. On this basis, combining Adams kinematic analysis software for the entire device kinematics simulation results show reasonable movement of the device, which is designed to meet the relevant requirements of power generation.
Energy-Efficient Data Processing in Cloud Computing Centers
Authors: Li Yang Ping , Zhong Shao Fen , Pan Xiao Heng , Yuan Hua Qiang
Published: March 2014

Rapid growth in the cloud computing centers worldwide is posing serious challenges to both hardware and software designers on the energy efficiency issues. This paper explores particular challenges and potential promises on the part of data processing in these centers.
Applied Technology in Control System Design of Asphalt Concrete Mixer's Based on PLC
Authors: Liu Jiao Yue , Wang Ji Chang , Shi Ya Bei , Yang Ju Qing
Published: March 2014

In view of current production technology of asphalt concrete mixing plant and technology, a distributed computer control system based on PLC and field bus is developed. The compensation iteration self-learning algorithm is adopted, the compensation amount of learning algorithm of the system is designed and the course program control algorithm is presented. Therefore the precision of the system’s measurement and control is improved and the transmission error is reduced.
Research on PCM Textiles with Material Properties in Sports Wear Application
Authors: Ye Dong Mao
Published: March 2014

A new type of intelligent PCM functional textile has been developed based on intelligent phase change material and advanced textile manufacturing technology. The application of such PCM textile in sports wear can help to enhance athletes performance. This paper analyzes the effects of intelligent PCM textile, characteristics of phase change materials and its preparation methods; discusses the possible effects of intelligent PCM textile to the results of sports events; suggests to make further study and research on phase change material in sports wear application so to develop more PCM sports wear suitable for different sports events.
Research on Biological Materials for the Preferred of the Chlorophyll Content Gray GM (1,1) Prediction Models Based on the Different Light
Authors: Zhao Long , Qiu Zhao Mei , Mao Peng Jun , Deng Gui Yang
Published: March 2014

Light is one of the most important factor in the growth of plants, with the advent and application of biological materials such as different artificial LED source, the new agricultural technology has been rapid development. In this study, first established the gray GM (1,1) prediction model of the pepper seedlings chlorophyll changes under the different light and then compared of the chlorophyll models under the different light. Last the study found that different artificial LED have the different effect and the forecasting curve and prediction model under the blue is optimal for pepper seedling by comparing the chlorophyll curves and predictive models of pepper seedlings under different light, so blue light is the most suitable for the growth of pepper seedlings. The results turned out that accuracy test of the three gray prediction models can achieve the best grade, and the three gray prediction models have the good practical value. Grey prediction theory can be better applied to the study of the plants.
Effect of TiO2 Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties of PVC/ENR/TiO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Ramlee Nur Azrini , Ratnam Chantara Thevy , Alias N.H. , Tengku Mohd T.A.
Published: March 2014

Addition of nanoparticles currently in polymer blends has brought tremendous transformation in polymer engineering field. Incorporation of TiO2 nanofillers is believed to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PVC/ENR blends due to its excellent characteristics including non-toxicity, long term stability and UV light discoloration resistance. The main objective of this research work is to introduce titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofillers in a range of 0 - 6 phr into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends. Modification on mechanical properties of PVC/ENR blends has successfully been carried via irradiation crosslinking technique. The addition of TiO2 nanofillers has improved the tensile strength and hardness of the nanocomposites. Nevertheless, at higher loading of 6 phr, the results obviously showed an insignificant difference of performances for both tensile strength and shore hardness properties. Upon radiation of 50 kGy, the increase in Ts of the PVC/ENR blends with addition of 4 phr TiO2 was found to be optimum before the Ts value drops with higher exposure to irradiation dose rate. Gel fraction of irradiated PVC/ENR/TiO2 nanocomposites indicates the nanocomposites are crosslinked upon electron beam irradiation. Degree of crosslink was also increased with the addition of 4 phr and 6 phr TiO2.
Wood Shavel Composites with Friendly Environment Based Binder
Authors: Endawati Jul , Diasti Lilian
Published: March 2014

Wood fiber has long been known as fiber reinforcement for concrete . Because of the availability and low cost of production, natural fiber has been used in less developed countries where conventional building materials are very expensive. Fiber added to cement composite for increasing toughness, strength, impact resistance and resistance to fire.In this study, initially it is expected to develop an environmentally matrix binder for the composite by utilizing fly ash as the largest proportion of the matrix binder, silica fume and limestone.Fillers used in this study are differentiated into sawdust and wood shavel. Wood shavel filler were on two condition : treated in base liquid and untreated. The particle size of the sawdust used for the composite were those retained on ≠ 0.60 mm sieve size, while wood shavelgradation was used as received.Results of the flow test of fresh mortar for the entire design matrix either without or with filler are very low, that do not meet the flow specification standard. The limestone matrix using 35 % by volume has a low compressive strength , as it acts as a diluent in the mixture. The optimized volume proportion of matrix composites is 12 % (filler) : 47 % (binder) : 41 % (water). This composite has a dimensional stability, compressive strength of 211.6 kg/cm2 > minimum requirement of cement board ( 150 kg/cm2 ), while the flexural strength 73.3 Kg/cm2 < provision of cement board ( 90-150 Kg/cm2 ) .The density of the composite boards is 1.28 gr/cm3, and this can be considered high, but this also causes the composite board difficult to be cut and installed. Most of the test results on the composite board referring to JIS A 5908 do not fit the provision for the cement boards, although the difference is not too great. Therefore, during the production, compaction and curing or post-production treatment need to be considered.
Applying the Recovery Voltage Method (RVM) to Study the Degradation of High Power Transformer Insulation
Authors: Gavrilă Doina Elena , Ciprian Ilies , Gavrilă Horia Catalin
Published: March 2014

Good operation of power transformers is very important because they are among the most expensive equipment in the network generation, transmission and electricity distribution. It became necessary regular monitoring of such systems and determinate the life of a transformer, it preventing breakdown and corresponding loss occurrence.Ageing in the insulation system of power transformers is determinate by influence of air, moisture, temperature, mechanical and electrical stresses and insulation contamination. One of the most important ageing indicators in transformers is the water content in the solid part of the insulation. The water reduces drastically the dielectric strength of solid insulation, accelerate ageing in paper and can cause water vapor bubbles.In RVM method a voltmeter determines the recovery voltage (RV) after charging the insulation with a DC voltage. By subsequent relaxation and repeated charging for varied times the so called polarization spectrum can be created. RV range provides an indication on the condition in which there is the insulation of transformer. The paper analyzes measurements on two high power transformers in operation, determining the moisture content of solid insulation.
Optimization of Mannose Yield from Deproteinated Palm Kernel Cake via Dilute Fumaric Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Fan Suet Pin , Chia Chin Hua , Fang Zhen , Zakaria Sarani , Chee Kah Leong
Published: March 2014

This study aims to optimize the conditions for mannose production from deproteinated palm kernel cake (DPKC) via acid hydrolysis using fumaric acid. In order to convert DPKC into mannose, three important factors, i.e., reaction temperature (156 224 °C), acid concentration (0.02 0.08 N) and reaction time (4.96 89.04 min) were considered. The maximum mannose yield, 53.37%, was achieved at 188 °C, 0.06 N fumaric acid and reaction time of 51 min 32 s with the determination coefficient (R2) value of 0.9667.
Biodegradable Polymers as Matrices for Control Drug Delivery
Authors: Mucha Maria , Socha-Michalak Iwona , Balcerzak Jacek
Published: March 2014

In the paper the results of control drug release from different forms of carriers are presented. Dibutyrylchitin, chitosan, polylactid acid and polycaprolactone have been used as matrices for delivery of therapeutic substances (ibuprofen and salicylic acid). Two configurations of matrices for drug delivery have been found. Flat drug delivery systems (films) and spherical matrices (beads) were tested in the aim of control drug transport. To control the drug release, matrices have been modified. The release of active substances from films has been tested in buffer solution of pH 5.5. Spherical matrices have been tested in buffer solutions of pH 1.4 and pH 7.2. To experimental data First order and two stage models were fitted.
Mechanical Properties of Double Layer Rubberized Concrete Paving Blocks
Authors: Jusli Euniza , Nor Hasanan M. , Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya , Zaiton Haron
Published: March 2014

This paper sought to evaluate the influences of different levels of waste rubber tyre (rubber granules) as an aggregate replacement in the production of double layer concrete paving blocks (CPBs). Waste rubber tyres were used as an aggregate replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The characteristics of the double layer rubberized CPB were examined via a series of tests. According to the results, the density, porosity, and compressive strength of the double layer rubberized CPB is highly influenced by the percentage of rubber content. The compressive strength test has proven that by using rubber granules as an aggregate, the compressive strength is able to be manipulated. As the percentage of rubber granules increase, the compressive strength will decrease as the amount of solid, load-carrying material reduces. Compressive strength was at its peak when the rubber content was at 10%. 1-4 mm rubber granules were used as a replacement of fine aggregate and 5-8 mm rubber granules as coarse aggregate; both at the level of 40%. As a result, a double layer rubberized CPB with 28-days compressive strength of maximum 28 MPa is produced.
Information Base for the Optimal Choice of Retaining Structures
Authors: Boukhaled Ahmed , Bouhedja Samir
Published: March 2014

The tools developed in the design of retaining structures focus mainly on aspects of design and stability analysis of the structural components. We propose in this paper the construction of an information base that serves not only to calculate conventional retaining structures, but can also help in the selection of the optimal type of structure, best suited to the economic and environmental situation of a project. For this purpose, we begin firstly by a general patterning of retaining structures, and then, we conduct a systematic analysis of the retaining structures built in its environment, to detect any kind of existing interaction and interrelation. Structuring and formalizing the derived information is the last step of this work. We present in this paper only an information base that eliminates the bad retaining structures related to the project context.
Optimized Cost of High Performance Concrete in the Build
Authors: Bouhedja Samir , El Kechebour Boualem , Boukhaled Ahmed
Published: March 2014

The objective of this work is an analysis of the use of high performance concrete and it impact on the morphology and structure costs. The use of high performance concrete (HPC) in the construction of buildings and civil engineering works offers advantages in terms of durability, ease of implementation, reduction of deformation and shrinkage, increase the resistance of reinforced concrete structures. The economic benefits of the use of high performance concrete, compared to conventional concrete are illustrated by the reduction of the following costs: the implementation of concrete, the geometric sections of bearing elements of the built space and the maintenance of structures. The cost of high performance concrete, for the resistance inferior to 80 Mpa, gives a significative advantage comparatively to the steel and the ordinary concrete. The generalized use of this type of concrete in many countries has been stimulated by a national plan.
Failure Prediction of Normally Consolidated Clays Using Stress Paths of Consolidated Undrained Tests
Authors: Kim Jong Ryeol , Zhumabekov Galym , Bakhtiyarov Dias , Saliyev Dilmurat
Published: March 2014

A new method of stability evaluation of the stage-constructed embankment on soft ground using stress path is developed and presented in this paper. A series of CU tests was carried out to develop the new method to evaluate the stability of soft ground. A new concept of stability index (SI) is defined with stress path. The effective stress path (ESP) line approaches to the Kf line gradually along the same direction to a certain point, then the direction changes and approaches to the Kf line rapidly. The potential of failure increases swiftly when SI is less than 0.4, and the value of SI=0.4 could be assumed as a representative value to evaluate the potential of failure for the tested material.
Densification and Corrosion Studies of as-Sintered-Swaged Al Composite Preforms
Authors: Rajeshkannan Ananthanarayanan , Sharma Alok
Published: March 2014

The classical P/M technique was used to produce composites of Al-2WC-4Fe3C, Al-2WC-8Fe3C and Al-2WC-12Fe3C and it is further subjected to hot upsetting to evaluate densification and corrosion characteristics.Process parameters such as initial density, preform geometry and deformation media were kept constant to analyse this behaviour. The as-sintered compacts were subjected to swaging to different height strains, thus expected to eliminate residual porositiesout of classical P/M technique consequently improve its densification and corrosion characteristics. As the known limitation of the classical P/M process is the presence of porosity that restricts structural and corrosion related applications. It is observed from the results that strain induced improves the density substantially, which eventually promoted anti-corrosion properties. Further prediction was the addition of carbide particle in pure Al decreases the densification and increases the corrosion rate.
Chemical Properties of Waste Tyre Rubber Granules
Authors: Jusli Euniza , Nor Hasanan M. , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Zaiton Haron
Published: March 2014

This research aims to examine the chemical properties of waste rubber tyre granules. Rubber granules were analysed by using X-ray fluorescence to establish its chemical composition. Thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetric analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between temperature and the minerological compositions of rubber granules to determine its suitability as an aggregate replacement in concrete mix. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) indicated that due to the stability of the structures developed in OPC samples, the reactions between the structure bonds are less at the range of 650-1500 cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to examine the physical properties of rubber granule particles and to magnify the bonds between cement and rubber granules in a concrete mix. The results of the SEM analysis showed that carbon, zinc, magnesium, and calcium are the major components of waste tyre rubber granules.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Powder from Natural Bovine Bone
Authors: Wasim Muhammad , Malik Rameez Saeed , Tufail Muhammad Usman , Jutt Ahsan Ullah , Ahmad Rafiq , Deen Kashif Mairaj
Published: March 2014

Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from bovine cortical bone by thermal decomposition method. The chemically cleaned bone was heated to 160 °C for 48 hour to remove moisture and any organic contents followed by decomposition in muffle furnace at 850 °C for 6 hours. The so-obtained white powder was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDX method. The FT-IR results proved the existence of hydroxyl (OH-) and phosphate (PO4-3) groups in the powder. XRD analysis was in support to the FT-IR spectrum, however, an additional phase of tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) was also observed as an impurity, SEM shows the surface morphology & EDX gives the Calcium (Ca) to Phosphorous (P) ratio. Key Words: Hydroxyapatite; Thermal Decomposition, Calcination
Surface and Adhesive Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene after Radiation Cross-Linking
Authors: Bednarik Martin , Manas David , Manas Miroslav , Ovsik Martin , Navratil Jan , Mizera Ales
Published: March 2014

Radiation cross-linking gives inexpensive commodity plastics and technical plastics the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of high-performance plastic. This upgrading of the plastics enables them to be used in conditions which they would not be able to with stand otherwise. The irradiation cross-linking of thermoplastic materials via electron beam or cobalt 60 (gammy rays) is performed separately, after processing. Generally, ionizing radiation includes accelerated electrons, gamma rays and X-rays. Radiation processing with an electron beam offers several distinct advantages when compared with other radiation sources, particularly γ-rays and x-rays. The process is very fast, clean and can be controlled with much precision. There is no permanent radioactivity since the machine can be switched off. In contrast to γ-rays and x-rays, the electron beam can steered relatively easily, thus allowing irradiation of a variety of physical shapes. The energy-rich beta rays trigger chemical reactions in the plastics which results in networking of molecules (comparable to the vulcanization of rubbers which has been in industrial use for so long). The energy from the rays is absorbed by the material and cleavage of chemical bonds takes place. This releases free radicals which in next phase from desired molecular bonds. This article describes the effect of radiation cross-linking on the surface and adhesive properties of low-density polyethylene.
Emerging Applications of Nanoscience
Authors: Chaturvedi Shalini , Dave Pragnesh N.
Published: March 2014

Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (down to 1/100,000 the width of a human hair) to create new and unique materials and products. Nanotechnology has enormous potential to change society. An estimated global research and development investment of nearly $9 billion per year is anticipated to lead to new medical treatments and tools; more efficient energy production, storage and transmission; better access to clean water; more effective pollution reduction and prevention; and stronger, lighter materials. And these are just a few of the more significant ways in which people are discussing using the technology. In this chapter we discussing about emerging application of nanoscience.
Design and Development of Ferrite Composite Film Electrode for Photoelectrochemical Energy Application
Authors: Dom Rekha , Kumar G. Siva , Kim Hyun Gyu , Joshi Shrikant V. , Chary A. Sadananda , Borse Pramod H.
Published: March 2014

Development of efficient photoanodes for water splitting under solar light is desirable to surmount the possible fuel crisis in future. Ferrite systems, with their excellent visible light absorption capability, stability, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness and abundance, are being preferred to titanates, niobates and sulfides. The present work briefly reviews the modified form of ferrites. Additionally, ZnFe2O4an n-type semiconductor with the low band gap (~1.9eV) has been considered as special case of visible light PEC application. The work further emphasizes on the utilization of solution processed techniques to develop the ferrite photoanodes. The tuning of photoanode properties by virtue of electrode fabrication parameters say deposition parametersviz.,precursor concentration, pH, stoichiometry has been reviewed and discussed.
Role of Ag+ Ion Concentration on Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon
Authors: Pyatilova Olga V. , Gavrilov Sergey A. , Dronov Alexey A. , Grishina Yana S. , Belov Alexey N.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Metal-assisted silicon etching in the HF/H2O2/H2O solution with silver ions as a catalyst was investigated. It is found that geometric parameters of layers of nanostructured silicon are determined by the silver-catalyst concentration. A spontaneous stop of the etching process at low Ag+ ion concentration is explained by formation of insoluble Ag2SiO3.
Diamond-Like Carbon Films Formed by Pulsed Supersonic Plasma Flow Deposition
Authors: Nastaushev Yuri V. , Gavrilova Tatiana A. , Fedosenko Evgenij V. , Pozdnyakov George A. , Dultsev Fedor N.
Published: March 2014

A new technique for the formation of diamond-like carbon thin films with high growth rate on silicon wafers and glass surfaces was investigated. A pulsed plasma source based on disk magnetohydrodynamic accelerator was used; methane was a precursor. Scanning electron and atomic-force microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy techniques and Raman spectroscopy were used for film characterization. We varied the deposition conditions (pulse time, distance to the source, silicon substrate temperature) to optimize diamond-like carbon film properties. Nitrogen treatment allows us to make nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon films. We used the oxydgen plasmachemical etching of diamond-like carbon films. Thick nanoporous diamond-like carbon films were formed.
Сurrent Source Based on Photoelectric Effect with Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Timoshenkov Sergey P. , Sherchenkov Alexey A. , Nalsky Alexey A. , Revina Alexandra A.
Published: March 2014

The development of the physical current source with enhanced efficiency based on photoelectric effect is discusses in this article. This source intended for direct conversion of light energy into electricity by modified silicon elements. The 10% efficiency of the silicon solar cell was accepted as basic specifications to assess the efficiency of the developed model. The rationale for the selected materials and structures as well as description of the main stages of manufacturing technology and processing of solar cells (SC) were made.
Optical Dielectric Apertureless Probe for Surface Laser Modification with λ/15 Lateral Resolution
Authors: Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A. , Vitrik Oleg B. , Kulchin Yuri N. , Savchuk A.G.
Published: March 2014

A simple apertureless dielectric microprobe in the form of a section of the tapered optical fiber was proposed for surface laser nanomodification. This probe enables surface λ/2-localization of laser beam, as shown both numerically and experimentally. The controllable formation of single through nanoholes with the minimum size down to 35 nm (~λ/15) in the 50-nm Au/Pd film was shown using this probe and a 532-nm pump nanosecond laser. We also report for the first time on the formation of micro-and nanobumps, jet-like microstructures and microholes on optically thick gold films by single nanosecond laser pulses focused through the fiber dielectric apertureless probe. The resulting structures were imaged via scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. It was shown that both the shape and sizes of the obtained microstructures are determined by the pulse energy and film thickness.
Optical Properties of Quantum Dashes
Authors: Sek Grzegorz , Musiał Anna , Mrowiński Paweł , Maryński Aleksander , Andrzejewski Janusz , Misiewicz Jan , Somers Andre , Forchel Alfred , Höfling Sven
Published: March 2014

There are presented optical properties of strongly in-plane elongated nanostructures the so called quantum dashes made in InAs/InP material system by molecular beam epitaxy. They have been investigated systematically by a spectroscopic manner on both the entire ensemble and on the single dash level. Their properties are discussed with respect to the fundamental electronic and optical properties as the polarization of emission and the corresponding driving factors, exciton fine structure splitting, biexciton binding energy, the characteristic exciton to biexciton lifetimes ratio and exciton decoherence via interaction with acoustic phonons. The experimental results are analyzed supported by previous energy level calculations within the eight-band kp theory and the rate equation modeling of the exciton kinetics.
Sodium Doping of Bi/Si(111) Ultra-Thin Films
Authors: Ryzhkova Maria V. , Gruznev Dimitry V. , Borisenko Elena A. , Tsukanov Dmitry A.
Published: March 2014

Changes in electrical conductance of the Bi/Si (111) reconstructed surfaces and Bi {012} or Bi (001) ultra-thin films have been studied after sodium deposition at room temperature. It was observed that deposition of sodium onto Si (111)-β-3×3-Bi surface results in increasing of surface conductivity up to 0.3 monolayers (ML) of adsorbed sodium atoms. These conductance changes were explained by developing of the metallic surface states in the band gap as revealed by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy spectra. Moreover, it was shown that sodium adsorption onto Bi {012} and Bi (001) thin films leads to drastic changes in its surface conductivity including a peak of maximum electrical conductance at 0.5 monolayers of adsorbed sodium.
Familial Predisposition for Salivary Gland Cancer in Finland
Authors: Aro Katri , Klockars Tuomas , Leivo llmo , Mäkitie Antti
Published: March 2014

Background

Salivary gland cancer (SGC) accounts for 3–5% of head and neck malignancies, and register-based studies estimate the familial proportion to be 0.15%.

Objective

We studied familial predisposition for SGC in the genetically distinct Finnish population.

Patients and Methods

We sent a patient questionnaire to 161 Finnish SGC patients, 86 of whom responded.

Results

A total of 76% of the patients reported having one or more relatives with cancer, 30% two or more, and 9% three or more but only one patient reported having a relative with SGC. Tracing the birthplaces of the SGC patients’ grandparents showed no regional clustering suggestive of a founder effect.

Conclusions

Lack of familial SGC patients and the absence of a founder effect strongly suggest that familial predisposition for SGC is insignificant in the Finnish population. Various histological subtypes and the rarity of these neoplasms make it impossible to draw conclusions about site-specific association between SGC and other malignancies.
Jeśmanowicz’ Conjecture with Congruence Relations. II
Authors: Fujita Yasutsugu , Miyazaki Takafumi
Published: March 2014

Let a, b, and c be primitive Pythagorean numbers such that a2 + b2 = c2 with b even. In this paper, we show that if b0 ≡ ∊(mod a) with ε ∊ {±1} for certain positive divisors b0 of b, then the Diophantine equation ax + by = cz has only the positive solution (x, y, z) = (2, 2, 2).
Scale free properties in a network-based integrated approach to earthquake pattern analysis
Authors: Suteanu M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. This paper proposes a network-based method for the assessment of earthquake relationships in space–time–magnitude patterns. It is shown that networks with high values for the minimum edge weight Wmin enjoy strong scaling properties, as opposed to networks with low values for Wmin, which exhibit no such properties. The scaling behavior along the spectrum of Wmin values, in conjunction with the robustness regarding parameter variations, endorse the idea of a relationship between fundamental properties of seismicity and the scaling properties of the earthquake networks. Results of this method are further applied for the study of temporal changes in volcanic seismicity patterns.