bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racism, Feminism and Language in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Qashgari Sawsan
Published: July 2018

Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston has received mixed reviews over Hurston’s treatment of African Americans’ struggle. Her African American male contemporaries saw her novel as an oversimplification of racial issues. Nevertheless, a closer reading of her book proves otherwise. This paper explores her powerful, albeit subtle, portrayal of the desperation imposed not only on her race, but on her gender as well. Hurston masterfully represents racial and gender issues without resorting to the anger and hostility that appear in the works of most of her contemporary African American male writers such as Richard Wright. Hurston’s characterization of the female protagonist, her skin-color, and even the language she uses, allows her to draw an accurate image of the African American woman in the early 1900s. Her choice of the African American dialect grants Janie Crawford a voice of her own despite society’s constant attempts to silence her. Focusing on the context and Hurston’s narrative and language, this paper aims at asserting that Their Eyes Were Watching God is not merely a tragic love story; it is a skilful representation of race, gender and class issues in America at that period of time.
"Yeah, I know this": Student Experiences in a Blended MicroMasters Program
Authors: Littenberg-Tobias Josh , Reich Justin
Published: July 2018

As providers of massive open online courses (MOOCs) continue to experiment with new mechanisms for providing transferable course credit and alternative credentials (Caudill, 2017; Hollands, 2017; Wulf, Blohm, & Brenner, 2014), there has been a growing interest in the experiences of students in these programs. This mixed-methods studies uses student interviews, survey responses, and MOOC log data to examine the experience of students participating in an edX MicroMasters in a private university in the Northeastern United States. We found that the program attracted a cohort of mid-career professionals, largely in developed countries, who were seeking to enhance their skills in order to advance their careers. Successful students were more likely to be more motivated by “mastery” goals, focusing on gaining new skills and knowledge, than “performance” goals such as grades or credentials and many students who earned a credential said they did not think the credential by itself would help them advance their careers. For residential instructors, the findings of this study suggest that MOOC-based blended program can be an effective way of recruiting highly-qualified non-traditional applicants to residential programs
Development and Implementation of a Mainstreaming Process to Transition Students from Self-Contained Special Education into General Education Placements
Authors: Hunsaker Michael Ryan
Published: July 2018

We developed a set of computational tools specifically to guide special education students back into general education. These tools include a decision tree to identify candidate students and elucidate successful placement in general education. Candidate students enter a 7-step process. In 2015-2016, we undertook a pilot implementation of these tools and facilitated the transition of 10 of 20 students from self-contained academic special education classrooms into general education placements. In 2016-2017, we extended this process to include 4 schools. 16 of 53 students from self-contained academic special education classrooms transitioned into general education placements. Extending the model district-wide, 9 of 26 students from behavior/SEL unit classrooms, and 9 of 9 students from Life Skills/SID classrooms transitioned into a general education placement. A high percentage of the remaining candidates received >50% of their day in general education classrooms and/or were placed in less restrictive self-contained classrooms. Overall, 54% of identified candidate students were able to access a less restrictive environment as defined by IDEIA. Further computational analyses using regression tree, unbiased hierarchal clustering, and support vector machine methods are presented to demonstrate the robustness of these methods by recapitulating the results.
Conspiracy, God's Plan, and National Emergency: Kachin Popular Analyses of the Ceasefire Era and its Resource Grabs
Authors: Kiik Laur
Published: July 2018

This chapter draws from periods of ethnographic field research in the Kachin region from 2010 to 2015, covering the lead up to the breakdown of the ceasefire and the discourses that emerged in relation to it subsequently. It therefore discusses in critical terms how large parts of Kachin society understand the ceasefire era and the reasons for its collapse in 2011. It focuses particularly on popular understandings of the large-scale resource grabs that defined much of that era. The chapter lays out a dominant Kachin nationalist-theoretical framework by discussing three core terms: Wunpawng Mungdan (territory/ ‘Kachin country’), Wunpawng myusha (people/ ‘Kachin nation’), and Karai Kasang (divinity/ Christian ‘God’). The chapter then tackles how Kachin nationalists deploy these terms in specific ways to understand their 1994-2011 ceasefire experiences; in doing so, they express ideas of ethno-national emergency, divine predestination, and ethnocidal conspiracy. These understandings guide many people in Kachin society to commit to resistance and the ethno-patriotic project of co-building a ‘land yet-to-be’, instead of engaging in a ceasefire based on compromise. Amid the current battles, anger and humanitarian crisis, the question of whether one wants ‘our Kachin nation’ to pursue full state independence or merely federal autonomy within Myanmar has become a sensitive and barely voiced debate inside Kachin society. While exploring these theories and popular analyses, this chapter steps into an open critical dialogue with Kachin nationalists themselves, suggesting ways in which these understandings are contradicted or complicated by other social realities. This is to draw a fuller, fairer, and more balanced picture of the complex social dynamics in this region. Simultaneously, the chapter cautions against the tendency to make homogenising claims about Burma’s minority ethnic nations, as if these were simple, monolithic entities rather than the internally diverse, class-stratified and complex societies that in fact they are.*See more at: http://kachinceasefire.weebly.com/laur-kiik.html
Tramadol effects on physical performance and sustained attention during a 20-min indoor cycling time-trial: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Holgado Darias , Zandonai Thomas , Zabala Mikel , Hopker James , Perakakis Pandelis , Luque-Casado Antonio , Perez Luis Ciria , Hernandez Eduardo Guerra , Sanabria Daniel
Published: July 2018

Objectives: To investigate the effect of tramadol on performance during a 20-min cycling time-trial (Experiment 1), and to test whether sustained attention would be impaired during cycling after tramadol intake (Experiment 2).Design: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.Methods: In Experiment 1, participants completed a cycling time-trial, 120-min after they ingested either tramadol or placebo. In Experiment 2, participants performed a visual Oddball task during the time-trial. Electroencephalography measures (EEG) were recorded throughout the session.Results: In Experiment 1, average time-trial power output was higher in the tramadol vs. placebo condition (tramadol: 220 watts vs. placebo: 209 watts; p < 0.01). In Experiment 2, no differences between conditions were observed in the average power output (tramadol: 234 watts vs. placebo: 230 watts; p > 0.05). No behavioural differences were found between conditions in the Oddball task. Crucially, the time frequency analysis in Experiment 2 revealed an overall lower target-locked power in the beta-band (p < 0.01), and higher alpha suppression (p < 0.01) in the tramadol vs. placebo condition. At baseline, EEG power spectrum was higher under tramadol than under placebo in Experiment 1 while the reverse was true for Experiment 2.Conclusions: Tramadol improved cycling power output in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, which may be due to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. Interestingly enough, the EEG data in Experiment 2 pointed to an impact of tramadol on stimulus processing related to sustained attention.Trial registration: EudraCT number: 2015-005056-96.
A biomechanical comparison of initial sprint acceleration performance and technique in an elite athlete with cerebral palsy and able-bodied sprinters
Authors: Bezodis Ian N. , Cowburn James , Brazil Adam , Richardson Rhian , Wilson Cassie , Exell Timothy A. , Irwin Gareth
Published: July 2018

Cerebral palsy is known to generally limit range of motion and force producing capability during movement. It also limits sprint performance, but the exact mechanisms underpinning this are not well known. One elite male T36 multiple-Paralympic sprint medallist (T36) and 16 well-trained able-bodied (AB) sprinters each performed 5-6 maximal sprints from starting blocks. Whole body kinematics (250 Hz) in the block phase and first two steps, and synchronised external forces (1000 Hz) in the first stance phase after block exit were combined to quantify lower-limb joint kinetics. Sprint performance (normalised average horizontal external power in the first stance after block exit) was lower in T36 compared to AB. T36 had lower extensor range of motion and peak extensor angular velocity at all lower limb joints in the first stance after block exit. Positive work produced at the knee and hip joints in the first stance was lower in T36 than AB, and the ratio of positive:negative ankle work produced was lower in T36 than AB. These novel results directly demonstrate the manner in which cerebral palsy limits performance in a competition-specific sprint acceleration movement, thereby improving understanding of the factors that may limit performance in elite sprinters with cerebral palsy.
Methodological issues with the assessment of voluntary activation using transcranial magnetic stimulation in the knee extensors
Authors: Dekerle Jeanne , Ansdell Paul , Schäfer lisa , Greenhouse-Tucknott Aaron , Wrightson James Graeme
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The assessment of voluntary activation of the knee extensors using transcranial magnetic stimulation (VATMS) is routinely performed to assess the supraspinal function. Yet methodological scrutiny of the technique is scarce. The aim of the present study was to examine face validity and reliability of VATMS and its two main determinants (superimposed twitch during a maximal voluntary contraction [SIT100%] and estimated resting twitch [ERT]). Methods: SIT100%, ERT, and VATMS were measured on 10 healthy males (age: 24 ± 5 years) before and following intermittent isometric fatiguing exercise on two separate occasions. Results: The findings indicated issues regarding the accuracy of ERT and suggested a three-point relationship should not be used to determine ERT. Reliabilities for VATMS, SIT100% and ERT were acceptable pre- but much weaker post-exercise (especially for SIT100%). Despite statistically significant changes in main neuromuscular variables following the intermittent isometric fatiguing exercise (P<0.05), when post-exercise reliability was considered, the exercise effect on VATMS was smaller than the smallest detectable change in 18 of the 20 individual tests performed, and for the whole sample for one of two visits. Finally, Maximal voluntary contraction was reduced significantly following the neuromuscular assessment (NMA) pre-exercise but recovered during the NMA post-exercise. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate a lack of sensitivity of key neuromuscular measurements to exercise and to evidence both presence of neuromuscular fatigue following the NMA in itself, and recovery of the neuromuscular function during the NMA post-exercise. These results challenge the face validity of this routinely used protocol.
“Hey, look at me” An {auto}ethnographic account of experiencing ADHD symptoms within sport.
Authors: Ing Charles , Mills John Paul
Published: July 2018

This auto-ethnography presents a reflective analysis of my experiences of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in sport. To date, research into ADHD has been largely confined to clinical evaluation and subjective interpretations. This, however, fails to advance cultural understandings and maintains the status quo. Using an autoethnographic approach, we aim to address this in-balance within sport and to give a voice to the voiceless. As an individual diagnosed with ADHD in early childhood, the first author, guided by the second author, shares and explores his experiences as both an athlete and a coach. By endeavouring to reveal the thoughts and feelings attached to key episodes within his sporting experience, the study functions to provide preliminary evidence to showcase how ADHD can impact upon those who participate in sport. Furthermore, the vignettes presented act as a vehicle to signpost the reader in accessing the available academic literature. As a result, it is hoped that this manuscript will bring further meaning to this often misunderstood condition, showcase how ADHD symptoms may present themselves within a sporting environment, and enable coaches to support those who experience similar episodes.
Evolusi geologi Jawa Tengah dan sekitarnya ditinjau dari segi teori tektonik dunia yang baru
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin
Published: July 2018

Berkas PDF ini merupakan hasil pemindaian digital naskah buku disertasi karya Prof. Sukendar Asikin.
Integrated modelling of overland flows and drainage networks in a urban environment
Authors: Courty Laurent
Published: July 2018

Flood is already one of the most common disaster at a global scale.With the combined effects of the continuing urbanization and ongoing climate change, the number of both inundation events and affectees is set to increase.Numerical flood simulation is a key tool to be better prepared to tackle those changes, as it allows us to evaluate the impacts of multiple weather and development scenarios at a reduced cost.In the past decades, flood models have become more reliable and accessible, leading them to be now part of the common toolbox of consulting engineers, public authorities and academics.However, correctly model the hydrological processes occurring in a urban environment is a challenging task.A successful urban flood model should be able to resolve the overland flows, the drainage network flows, and the complex interactions that are taking place between those two systems.Furthermore, the combination of the large scale of modern cities and the fine resolution needed to adequately model the overland flows requires large computational resources, and limits the models usefulness for advanced applications, like ensemble analysis.The present describes a new, open-source, coupled flood model that takes advantage of recent advances in urban inundation modelling. The surface model of the developed tool employs a simplified numerical scheme that allows fast simulation at high resolution.The drainage network model is the well known SWMM, developed by the EPA.The simulation of the coupling between the drainage and the surface models is based on the knowledge recently acquired by physical modelling.The developed surface model is first evaluated against a combination of analytic solutions and a well-known similar model.It is then employed to the reproduction of an historical flood in the city of Hull, UK.The coupled surface-drainage model is first compared to similar commercial and academic models.Then, the coupled model is applied to an historical flood in the city of Kolkata, India.In all those tests, the developed software gives adequate results and paves the way to its use for flood risk mapping and drainage network design.
Advancing Methods and Mathematical Models of Perceptual Decision Making
Authors: Tillman Gabriel
Published: July 2018

In this thesis I argue that cognitive psychologists can use the combination of sequential sampling models, Bayesian estimation methods, and model comparison via predictive accuracy to investigate underlying cognitive processes of perceptual decision-making. I show that sequential sampling models of simple and choice response time allow for researchers to analyze behavioral data and translate them into the constitute components of processing, such as speed of processing, response caution, and the time needed for perceptual encoding and overt motor responses. I use these methods and models to investigate underlying mental processes related to cognitive load, speech perception, and lexical decision-making. I also show that using different sequential sampling models to analyze the same data can lead researchers to draw different conclusions about cognitive processes, which serves as a caution for carelessly using these models. I also present a novel method that researchers can use to observe cognitive processes unfold online during perceptual decision-making tasks. I then discuss a promising collaboration emerging between researchers in the field of mathematical modeling and neuroscience.
The Rags-to-Riches Story of Income Mobility and Its Impact on Emotional Well-Being
Authors: Wiwad Dylan
Published: July 2018

Recent research has demonstrated that people believe they are more likely to climb the income ladder than they actually are. However, no one has explored the downstream psychological consequences of these unrealistically optimistic perceptions, particularly their impact on emotional well-being. Across four studies I explored the correlational and causal relationship between perceptions of one’s own income mobility and emotional well-being. In Studies 1 and 2, I measure and assess the relationship between perceptions of income mobility and emotional well-being. I found that most participants see themselves as having high income mobility, and these perceptions of upward mobility are related to higher levels of happiness. In Study 3, I randomly assigned participants to read an article depicting income mobility as high, moderate, or low. Participants led to believe income mobility is high reported higher happiness relative to those led to believe income mobility is low. Lastly, in Study 4, utilizing a more diverse and generalizable sample from a National Panel Survey, I replicated the findings of Study 3. In sum, the present research demonstrates that people tend to be optimistic about their own chances of climbing the income ladder, and this sustained optimism translates into positive downstream emotional consequences.
Conceptual Complexity and the Evolution of the Lexicon
Authors: Lewis Molly
Published: July 2018

Natural languages are filled with regularities. Where do these regularities come from? A parsimonious explanation is that these regularities emerge as a consequence of pressures within the broader context in which language is used: Communication among many cognitive systems. In this dissertation, I consider one particular regularity as a case study in how the dynamics of language use might shape language structure. Specifically, I focus on a bias in natural language to map long words on to conceptually complex meanings and short words on to conceptually simple meanings, or a complexity bias. Across a series of experimental and corpus studies, I explore whether languages and their speakers have a complexity bias, what conceptual complexity is, and what pressures might have lead to this bias over the course of language evolution. In the final chapter, I consider a broader range of linguistic phenomena and examine how aspects of language use might influence these structures.
Social status as magnitude: The distance effect and size effect in social hierarchies
Authors: Holmgren Jostein
Published: July 2018

Thesis type: Bachelor of Arts, PsychologyAuthor: Jostein HolmgrenSupervisor: Thomas Wolfgang SchubertGrade: A (Highest obtainable)Institution: Department of Psychology, University of OsloSocial status is a core feature of human social life. Recently, researchers have begun exploring a possible link between the processing of social status and physical dimensions. Drawing on several theoretical frameworks, including Relational Models Theory, embodied cognition, and the Analog Magnitude System (AMS), the author argues for social status being a dimension processed similarly to physical magnitudes. The present study replicates previous findings of a distance effect typical of magnitudes in the domain of social status, and offers novel evidence for a size effect. Although with limitations, the evidence suggests that social status is processed as any other dimension in the AMS.
Kontrol Optimal Model Bioekonomi Sistem Mangsa Pemangsa Sumber Daya Perikanan dengan Pemanenan pada Populasi Pemangsa
Authors: Rustam Rustam
Published: July 2018

Jika ada pertanyaan terkait tesis ini, silahkan kontak kesini:rustam.math06@gmail.comModel bioekonomi sistem mangsa pemangsa sumber daya perikanan yang dibahas berdasarkan pada asumsi awal yaitu pemanenan hanya pada populasi pemangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan (1) kestabilan titik keseimbangan, (2) kontrol optimal, dan (3) total laba bersih diskonto dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh tiga titik keseimbangan yang salah satunya merupakan titik keseimbangan interior. Analisis kestabilan menggunakan metode pelinearan dan uji kestabilan Hurwitz menunjukkan bahwa titik keseimbangan interior yang diperoleh merupakan titik keseimbangan yang stabil asimptotik. Hal ini bermakna bahwa populasi mangsa dan pemangsa akan tetap lestari meskipun pemangsa dipanen. Pada tahap kontrol optimal, variabel kontrol yang akan dicari adalah fungsi pemanenan h . Sedangkan fungsi objektifnya adalah memaksimalkan total laba bersih diskonto dari sumber daya perikanan. Solusi optimalnya diperoleh dengan menggunkan Prinsip Maksimum Pontryagin. Dari analisis hasil simulasi dengan nilai-nilai parameter yang diberikan, disimpulkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun diperoleh lintasan pemanenan optimal dengan total laba bersih diskonto sekitar 110,9743901 yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan integral numerik Kaidah Simpson 1/3.
PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO DE CARIES TEMPRANA DE LA INFANCIA EN POBLACIÓN URBANO-RURAL DE PANGUIPULLI
Authors: Uribe Sergio E
Published: July 2018

ObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a la caries temprana de la infancia (CTI) en la población urbana rural de la comuna de Panguipulli.Materiales y métodosEstudio de corte transversal. Cuatro examinadores calibrados (kappa = 0.82) utilizaron los criterios de la OMS (ceod) modificados para incluir lesiones no cavitadas (c1). Se consideró CTI utilizando el criterio de la AAPD. Se invitó a participar a los padres y preescolares matriculados al 2013 en la comuna dePanguipulli. Se obtuvo la autorización del comité de ética de investigación del Servicio de Salud Valdivia. El tamaño muestral requerido fue de 271 asumiendo una prevalencia del 70% y un error del 5%. Los datos de riesgo se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario administrado personal o telefónicamente Se realizaron análisisunivariados, bivariados y multivariados para identificar el mejor modelo explicativo de CTI en esta población.ResultadosLa muestra final fue de 330 niños con 178 niños y 152 niñas. La edad promedio (desviación estándar) fue 4.4(0.74) años en niños y 4.3(0.74) en niñas. La prevalencia de CTI fue de 66.4% IC95%[61.3, 71.5]. Luego de excluir variables con bajo poder explicativo, el modelo final que mejor explica la CTI en esta poblaciónincluyó la presencia de placa dental visible, falta de huerta y consumo de bebidas azucaradas.ConclusiónLa prevalencia de CTI en la comuna de Panguipulli es mayor a la media nacional. Esto sugiere que la intervención debe comenzar antes de los 6 años. Los factores de riesgo asociados sugieren la necesidad de intervenciones sociales. El hallazgo que la falta de huerta sea un factor de riesgo abre alternativas interesantes deintervenciones preventivas en comunidades de bajo nivel socioeconómico.
Aplikasi Metode Vogel untuk Minimalisasi Biaya Pendistribusian Air di PDAM Kota Kendari dengan Uji Optimalitas Menggunakan Metode Stepping Stone
Authors: Rustam Rustam
Published: July 2018

Jika ada pertanyaan terkait skripsi ini, silahkan kontak kesini:rustam.math06@gmail.comPDAM Tirta Anoa Kota Kendari dengan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi dan sumber daya yang terbatas berusaha semaksimal mungkin melayani masyarakat dengan harapan masyarakat merasa puas dan tujuan utama perusahaan mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimal dapat dicapai. Minimalisasi biaya pendistribusian air bersih merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dilakukan oleh PDAM Tirta Anoa Kota Kendari yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengambilan data dari PDAM Tirta Anoa Kota Kendari untuk kemudian dimodelkan menjadi suatu tabel transportasi agar Metode Vogel dapat diterapkan pada tabel transportasi tersebut untuk mendapatkan biaya minimum, yang tentunya akan membuat keuntungan menjadi maksimum. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh terlihat bahwa PDAM Tirta Anoa Kota Kendari dapat menghemat biaya operasional 0,41 % dari biaya operasional sebelum diterapkan Metode Vogel.
Virtual Archaeology, Virtual Longhouses and "Envisioning the Unseen" Within the Archaeological Record
Authors: Carter William Michael
Published: July 2018

We are of an era in which digital technology now enhances the method and practice of archaeology. In our rush to embrace these technological advances however, Virtual Archaeology has become a practice to visualize the archaeological record, yet it is still searching for its methodological and theoretical base. I submit that Virtual Archaeology is the digital making and interrogating of the archaeological unknown. By wayfaring means, through the synergy of the maker, digital tools and material, archaeologists make meaning of the archaeological record by engaging the known archaeological data with the crafting of new knowledge by multimodal reflection and the tacking and cabling of archaeological knowledge within the virtual space. This paper addresses through the 3D (re)imagination of a 16th century pre-contact Iroquoian longhouse, by community paradata blogging and participatory research, how archaeologists negotiate meaningmaking through the use of presence and phenomenology while also addressing the foundations of the London Charter: namely agency, authority, authenticity and transparency when virtually representing constructed archaeological knowledge. Through the use of Ontario Late Woodland longhouse excavation archaeological data, archaeological literature, historical accounts and linguistic research in combination with 3D animation and visual effects production methodologies, and engaging this mental construction made real in virtual reality by deploying these assets in a real-time gaming and head mounted immersive digital platform, archaeologists can interact, visualize and interrogate archaeological norms, constructs and notions. I advocate that by using Virtual Archaeology, archaeologists build meaning by making within 3D space, and by deploying these 3D assets within a real-time, immersive platform they are able to readily negotiate the past in the present.
Pepe the Frog: A Case Study of the Internet Meme and its Potential Subversive Power to Challenge Cultural Hegemonies
Authors: Pettis Ben
Published: July 2018

This thesis examines Internet memes, a unique medium that has the capability to easily and seamlessly transfer ideologies between groups. It argues that these media can potentially enable subcultures to challenge, and possibly overthrow, hegemonic power structures that maintain the dominance of a mainstream culture. I trace the meme from its creation by Matt Furie in 2005 to its appearance in the 2016 US Presidential Election and examine how its meaning has changed throughout its history. I define the difference between a meme instance and the meme as a whole, and conclude that the meaning of the overall meme is formed by the sum of its numerous meme instances. This structure is unique to the medium of Internet memes and is what enables subcultures to use them to easily transfer ideologies in order to challenge the hegemony of dominant cultures.Dick Hebdige provides a model by which a dominant culture can reclaim the images and symbols used by a subculture through the process of commodification. Using the Pepe the Frog meme as a case study, I argue that Hebdige’s commodification model does not apply to Internet memes, because traditional concepts of ownership and control affect Internet memes differently. As such, the medium enables subcultures to claim and redefine an image to challenge a dominant culture. Unlike with other forms of media, it is difficult for the dominant culture to exert its power or control over Internet memes. Internet memes, therefore, have significant real-world implications and potential to empower subcultures.
Evolution of Orogenic Plateaus at Subduction Zones - Sinking and raising the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau
Authors: Fernández-Blanco David
Published: July 2018

Orogenic plateaus have raised abundant attention amongst geoscientists during the last decades, offering unique opportunities to better understand the relationships between tectonics and climate, and their expression on the Earth’s surface.Orogenic plateau margins are key areas for understanding the mechanisms behind plateau (de)formation. Plateau margins are transitional areas between domains with contrasting relief and characteristics; the roughly flat elevated plateau interior, often with internally drained endorheic basins, and the external steep areas, deeply incised by high-discharge rivers. This thesis uses a wide range of structural and tectonic approaches to investigate the evolution of the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP), studying an area between the plateau interior and the Cyprus arc. Several findings are presented here that constrain the evolution, timing and possible causes behind the development of this area, and thus that of the CAP. After peneplanation of the regional orogeny, abroad regional subsidence took place in Miocene times in the absence of major extensional faults, which led to the formation of a large basin in the northeast Mediterranean. Late Tortonian and younger contractional structures developed in the interior of the plateau, in its margin and offshore, and forced the inversion tectonics that fragmented the early Miocene basin into the different present-day domains. The tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the CAP can be explained based on the initiation of subduction in south Cyprus and subsequent thermo-mechanical behavior of this subduction zone and the evolving rheology of the Anatolian plate. The Cyprus slab retreat and posterior pull drove subsidence first by relatively minor stretching of the crust and then by its flexure. The growth by accretion and thickening of the upper plate, and that of the associated forearc basins system, caused by accreting sediments, led to rheological changes at the base of the crust that allowed thermal weakening, viscous deformation, driving subsequent surface uplift and raising the modern Taurus Mountains. This mechanism could be responsible for the uplifted plateau-like areas seen in other accretionary margins. ISBN: 978-90-9028673-0
Abstract Concepts in Grounded Cognition
Authors: Lakens Daniel
Published: July 2018

In the present dissertation, I examine the role of sensory information for abstract conceptual thought. In Chapter 1, the central assumptions in grounded approaches to cognition are introduced and contrasted with more traditional views on the representation of concepts expressed by cognitive researchers since the cognitive revolution in psychology. The three empirical chapters of this thesis focus on how morality, time, and valence are grounded in perceptual symmetry, left-right auditory space, and brightness, respectively. Together, these chapters show that perceptual information inﬂuences abstract conceptual processing, even for highly abstract concepts that lack perceptual characteristics.
Refrain, Again: The Return of the Villanelle
Authors: French Amanda Lowry
Published: July 2018

Poets and scholars are all wrong about the villanelle. While most reference texts teach that the villanelle’s nineteen-line alternating-refrain form was codified in the Renaissance, the scholar Julie Kane has conclusively shown that Jean Passerat’s “Villanelle” (“J’ay perdu ma Tourterelle”), written in 1574 and first published in 1606, is the only Renaissance example of this form. The nineteenth-century “revival” of the villanelle in fact stems from an 1844 treatise by a little-known French Romantic poet-critic named Wilhelm Ténint. This study traces the villanelle first from its highly mythologized origin in the humanism of Renaissance France to its deployment in French post-Romantic and English Parnassian and Decadent verse, then from its bare survival in the period of high modernism to its minor revival by mid-century modernists, concluding with its prominence in the polyvocal culture wars of Anglophone poetry ever since Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art” (1976). The villanelle might justly be called the only fixed form of contemporary invention in English; contemporary poets may be attracted to the form because it connotes tradition without bearing the burden of tradition. Poets and scholars have neither wanted nor needed to know that the villanelle is not an archaic, foreign form.
Refining understanding of human decision making by testing integrated neurocognitive models of EEG, choice and reaction time
Authors: Nunez Michael D.
Published: July 2018

The cognitive process and time course of quick human decision making was evaluated using reaction time, choice distributions, and human electrophysiology as recorded by EEG. These data were used to evaluate drift-diffusion models, a class of decision-making models that assume a stochastic accumulation of evidence on each trial, within hierarchical Bayesian frameworks. The first goal was to elucidate the effect of visual attention on decision making. To this aim two studies were performed. In the first study it was found that individual differences in evidence accumulation rates and non-decision time (preprocessing and motor response times) can be explained by attentional differences as measured by steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses to the flicker frequency of signal and noise components of the visual stimulus. Participants who were able to suppress their SSVEP response to visual noise in high frequency bands were able to accumulate correct evidence faster and had shorter non-decision times, leading to more accurate responses and faster response times. In the second study it was found that measures of attention obtained from simultaneous EEG recordings can explain per-trial evidence accumulation rates and perceptual preprocessing times during a visual decision making task. That is, single-trial evoked EEG responses, P200s to the onsets of visual noise and N200s to the onsets of visual signal, explain single-trial evidence accumulation and preprocessing times. The second goal was obtain inference about the time course of quick decision making. A method of estimating and verifying individuals' visual encoding time is proposed using traditional event-related potential (ERP) measures. The possibility of using single-trial N200 and trial-averaged N200 ERP latencies as estimates of human visual encoding time is explored using both simple linear regression and complex hierarchical Bayesian modeling. Posterior distributions of linear-effect parameters suggest that EEG responses to the onset of visual stimuli reflect stimulus encoding times. The possibility of using a verifiable EEG measure of the time course of motor preparation is also explored. Finally, a theoretical cognitive framework for quick decision making is proposed which assumes differential mechanisms of visual encoding, drift-diffusion evidence accumulation, and motor response.
PROSPECTING OF PHENYLPROPANOIDS AND TERPENOIDS IN EAST INDIAN SANDALWOOD (SANTALUM ALBUM L.)
Authors: Misra Biswapriya Biswavas
Published: July 2018

The East Indian Sandalwood, Santalum album L., a tropical woody tree, deposits sesquiterpenoid rich essential oil in the heartwood. In view of its century-old traditional uses in perfumery and healthcare this investigation in prospecting of phenylpropanoid and terpenoids from in vitro tissues, in comparison to the in vivo trees, was undertaken to throw light on the phytochemistry of the healthcare molecules, explore in vitro tissues as alternate avenues for the supply and profiling of metabolites as a pre-requisite towards future sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic studies in this plant. Important phenylpropanoid enzymes i.e., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and lignin peroxidases (POX) and their products, i.e., phenolic, hydroxycinnamic and benzoic acid, flavonoid, anthocyanin and lignin contents showed concomitant increase with lignification/ vascularization as visualized with histochemical analyses. HPLC analysis revealed identities and quantities of 20 phenolics, whereas LC-MS analysis identified ~52 phenylpropanoids through out development. Differential accumulation of terpenoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes, i.e., DXP synthase, HMGCoA reductase and sesquiterpene synthase and metabolites i.e., sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons and alcohols, photosynthetic pigments and farnesylated intermediates were evident from GC and HPTLC analyses. A putative sesquiterpene synthase (~60 kDa) was partially purified from leaves. GC-MS/ MS studies revealed the presence of ~47 volatile constituents in sandalwood. The fragrant sandalwood oil constituent, β-santalol was isolated from somatic embryos and characterized by 13C-NMR, ESI-MS, LC-APCI-MS, MALDI-ToF, GC-MS/ MS and FTIR analyses whereas the bioactive constituent α-santalol, bulk-purified from sandalwood oil by HPTLC, RLCCC and column chromatography.Tissue extracts rich in terpenoids and phenylpropanoids revealed antimicrobial, antioxidant, α-amylase inhibition, anti-tyrosinase and neuroprotective potentials in vitro. Sandalwood oil and α-santalol showed strong in vivo antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic potentials.Homology-based cloning using degenerate primers, yielded partial clones of a housekeeping gene (actin), a phenylpropanoid gene (CAD) and 4 terpenoid biosynthetic pathway genes (DXP synthase, FPP synthase, monoterpene synthase and sesquiterpene synthase), that showed homology and phylogenetic relationships with other plant genes. Homology-based modeling revealed their protein structure-function relationships, i.e., catalytic sites, domains and motifs. Structures were validated by Ramachandran plots. Transcriptional profiling by sqRT-PCR revealed higher expression levels of five transcripts in callus and young tree.
The effect of emotion on voice production and speech acoustics
Authors: Johnstone Tom
Published: July 2018

The study of emotional expression in the voice has typically relied on acted portrayals of emotions, with the majority of studies focussing on the perception of emotion in such portrayals. The acoustic characteristics of natural, often involuntary encoding of emotion in the voice, and the mechanisms responsible for such vocal modulation, have received little attention from researchers. The small number of studies on natural or induced emotional speech have failed to identify acoustic patterns specific to different emotions. Instead, most acoustic changes measured have been explainable as resulting from the level of physiological arousal characteristic of different emotions. Thus measurements of the acoustic properties of angry, happy and fearful speech have been similar, corresponding to their similar elevated arousal levels. An opposing view, the most elaborate description of which was given by Scherer (1986), is that emotions affect the acoustic characteristics of speech along a number of dimensions, not only arousal. The lack of empirical data supporting such a theory has been blamed on the lack of sophistication of acoustic analyses in the little research that has been done.By inducing real emotional states in the laboratory, using a variety of computer administered induction methods, this thesis aimed to test the two opposing accounts of how emotion affects the voice. The induction methods were designed to manipulate some of the principal dimensions along which, according to multidimensional theories, emotional speech is expected to vary. A set of acoustic parameters selected to capture temporal, fundamental frequency (F0), intensity and spectral vocal characteristics of the voice was extracted from speech recordings. In addition, electroglottal and physiological measurements were made in parallel with speech recordings, in an effort to determine the mechanisms underlying the measured acoustic changes.The results indicate that a single arousal dimension cannot adequately describe a range of emotional vocal changes, and lend weight to a theory of multidimensional emotional response patterning as suggested by Scherer and others. The correlations between physiological and acoustic measures, although small, indicate that variations in sympathetic autonomic arousal do correspond to changes to F0 level and vocal fold dynamics as indicated by electroglottography. Changes to spectral properties, speech fluency, and F0 dynamics, however, can not be fully explained in terms of sympathetic arousal, and are probably related as well to cognitive processes involved in speech planning.
Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis
Authors: Hardwicke Tom Elis
Published: July 2018

The human memory system must resolve a critical tension, ensuring that knowledge endures over time (persistence), whilst simultaneously retaining a capacity for updating when knowledge is outdated or erroneous (plasticity). In this thesis, I examine the provocative idea that memory traces can be overwritten with new information, especially during transient periods of retrieval-induced plasticity that occur when a trace undergoes reconsolidation. A systematic review of human reconsolidation studies finds that the evidentiary support for this claim is remarkably tenuous. Furthermore, the theory fails to survive several strong empirical tests. In Experiments 1-7, I do not replicate a previous finding that is widely cited as a convincing demonstration of human reconsolidation. In Experiments 8-10, I revisit the ‘destructive updating’ account of the classic ‘misinformation effect’ in the context of reconsolidation theory. These experiments show that the effect can be eliminated when an appropriate recognition test is used, demonstrating that event traces are not irrecoverably lost, and therefore cannot have been overwritten during reconsolidation. In Experiment 11, I examine whether prior retrieval will help or hinder the correction of naturally occurring semantic misconceptions. Contrary to reconsolidation theory, I find that knowledge updating is not contingent on memory retrieval, nor does it result in the overwriting of prior knowledge.Finally, in the context of media ‘breaking news’ reports (Experiment 12), I find that the provision of an explicit retraction message, coupled with an alternative account with high causal coverage, is insufficient to eliminate reliance on false information. Finally, I contend that the widespread proliferation of ad hoc hypotheses, and the absence of systematic direct replication, has caused the field of reconsolidation to descend into a theoretical quagmire.I make several recommendations based on the principles of open science that may help to restore mechanisms of self-correction and foster genuine theoretical progress.
Evaluating intraspecific variation and interspecific diversity: comparing humans and fish species
Authors: Alicea Bradly
Published: July 2018

The idea of what constitutes an animal species has been a topic of longstanding interest in the biological sciences. Therefore, the analysis of eight molecular datasets involving human and teleost examples along with morphological samples from several groups of Neotropical electric fish (Order: Gymnotiformes) were used in this thesis to test the dynamics of both intraspecific variation and interspecific diversity. Three questions concerning both intraspecific and interspecific subdivision were addressed in this thesis. Meaningful intraspecific divisions were assessed by testing whether or not modern human variation can be subdivided into geographically distinct groups as was shown among two fish species. This was further tested by observing trends in a worldwide distribution of three craniometric traits within Homo sapiens. In terms of investigating molecular interspecific diversity among humans, two experimental exercises were performed. A cladistic exchange experiment tested for the extent of discontinuity and interbreeding between H. sapiens and neanderthal populations. As part of the same question, another experimental exercise tested the amount of molecular variance resulting from simulations which treated neanderthals as being either a local population of modern humans or as a distinct subspecies. Finally, comparisons of hominid populations over time with fish species helped to define what constitutes taxonomically relevant differences between morphological populations as expressed among both trait size ranges and through growth patterns that begin during ontogeny. Compared to the subdivision found within selected teleost species, H. sapiens molecular data exhibited little variation and discontinuity between geographical regions. This conclusion was based on the results of phylogenetic analyses and molecular variance measures. Results of the two experimental exercises concluded that neanderthals exhibit taxonomic distance from modern H. sapiens. However, this distance was not so great as to exclude the possibility of interbreeding between the two subspecific groups. Finally, a series of characters were analyzed among species of Neotropical electric fish. These analyses were compared with hominid examples to determine what constituted taxonomically relevant differences between populations as expressed among specific morphometric traits that develop during the juvenile phase. Such examples were ultimately useful for purposes of objectively defining subdivisions among populations of H. sapiens.
From Learning to Doing: The Effects of Educating Individuals on the Pervasiveness of Bias
Authors: Joy-Gaba Jennifer
Published: July 2018

Despite many trying to be egalitarian in social judgment, discrimination still occurs. One reason for the discrepancy between values and behavior may be the “bias blind spot” (Pronin & Kugler, 2007), which suggests that individuals more easily recognize bias in others than they recognize in themselves. Many people believe that they are objective and impartial and, as a consequence, falsely conclude that they are immune to biased judgments based on social group memberships. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate whether providing experiential education about one‟s own biases can shift beliefs about bias and social behavior. Study 1 and 2 examined the immediate and long-term impact on beliefs about bias of an interactive lecture about how biases are an ordinary part of human thinking. Study 2 also assessed whether bias education predicts change in social judgments in which biases could be expressed and whether the components of beliefs about bias relate to other social attitudes and beliefs. Study 3 and 4 experimentally compared a shortened version of the automatic bias education to already established interventions. Finally, Studies 5-6 explored whether the shortened version of the education was effective. Results revealed that the original automatic bias education, and not the shortened version, was effective in changing people‟s beliefs about bias in the short and long-term. However, this automatic bias education was not able to influence participants‟ automatic and self-reported racial attitudes or judgments in a stereotyping task.