bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the contribution of REM sleep to procedural learning
Authors: Zhou Peiran
Published: December 2023

Many studies have confirmed the contribution of sleep to memory consolidation. However, the benefit of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep on memory consolidation remains debatable due to discrepant findings. This paper reviewed the latest human studies that employed complex cognitive procedural learning tasks and new learning techniques, including metacognition stimulation and targeted memory reaction (TMR), to provide evidence on the correlation between REM sleep and memory consolidation of procedural learning. Next, the main hypotheses aiming to explain its underlying neurobiological mechanisms were summarized, with a discussion about the striatum's role, the cholinergic system's activity, and synaptic plasticity during REM sleep. Finally, the paper discussed potential reasons for data inconsistency and several aspects that should be considered in future sleep and memory research.
Beyond smallpox: The emergence of monkeypox as a threat to human health - symptoms and treatment
Authors: Chen Haoxian , Li Xuziyan
Published: December 2023

A double-stranded DNA pox virus known as monkeypox is a member of the Poxviridae family, which is divided into the West African and Congo Basin clades. Spreading originally from countries in Africa. Monkeypox has since spread to numerous other countries and was proclaimed a worldwide health emergency. There are no current treatments designed for monkeypox, therefore it is important to discuss the therapeutic options and prevention methods. For the symptomatic management of monkeypox, antiviral medications are utilized. Numerous studies conducted in animal models proved the safety and efficiency of antiviral drugs designed for monkeypox, despite the risk factors. The monkeypox virus can also be prevented by using previous smallpox vaccines. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, the transmission and the pathology of monkeypox. Further, we review the current therapies and vaccines for monkeypox to help to limit the spread and influence of monkeypox, and further, to bring insight in further studies involving antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat monkeypox.
Applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the treatment of KRAS mutated lung cancer
Authors: Yu Chenghan
Published: December 2023

Lung cancer is currently the most prevailed cancer in men, and the second most prevailed cancer in women. It is by far the most fatal cancer with around 21% of overall death from cancer. It is very important to seek a way to treat lung cancers, since too many people died for lung cancers, too many families broke up and collapsed, and too many people are left with broken spirituality and heart. On the other hand, the successful treatment of lung cancer using method of gene editing could symbolize for the success of the appliance of gene editing on other deadly cancers. The main type of gene editing method that will be utilized is CRISPR-Cas9. This is a relatively new type of gene editing technology, thus it meant that this is the most applicable when coming to cost and precision, whereas it could also mean that it is still in its preform and hasnt been widely performed and tested. This review offers a brief introduction on lung cancer, summarizes CRISPR-Cas9s mechanism and provides the comparison of CRISPR-Cas9 on other gene editing technologies such as ZFNs and TALENs, sets up a plan to detect KRAS mutated lung cancer and apply CRISPR-Cas9 to treat KRAS mutated lung cancer in human cell lines and in chimpanzees.
Pathway analysis of beneficial bacteria in suppression of plant immunity
Authors: Chen Sihan
Published: December 2023

Plants, much like animals, possess immune mechanisms that help protect them against harmful microorganisms and pathogens. Research studies have provided evidence that various detrimental microorganisms can target the immune system of plant roots in the soil, leading to plant diseases. At the same time, recent studies have shown that beneficial microorganisms can also suppress the plant's immune system and form a mutually beneficial relationship with the plant, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria and helping the plant to defend itself against other harmful microorganisms. This paper provides a summary of the concept that beneficial bacteria hinder root immunity by inhibiting various downstream reactions within the plant's immune system, based on the understanding of plant root immune mechanisms. The authors also highlight the existing gaps in research on non-invasive microbe-plant interactions and raise questions regarding the intricate interplay between immunity and symbiotic signaling.
Current situation and future of gene therapy for rare diseases
Authors: Huang Gengqian
Published: December 2023

Rare genetic disorders are rare diseases that have a very low incidence, most of the patients are children, and most of them are caused by genetic defects. Many of these diseases are serious chronic genetic diseases with a small number of patients, low market demand, and high cost of drug research and development, so there is a lack of effective treatment methods, which often threaten life. Gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic approach that uses vectors to introduce genetic material into target cells to treat or prevent rare diseases by correcting or supplementing defective genes. This paper reviews the clinical application of gene therapy for rare diseases such as blood diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and eye diseases. At present, gene therapy still has some technical problems and rare diseases are complicated and cannot be effectively treated. In the future, with further research and overcoming these problems, the application of gene therapy in rare diseases will make continuous breakthroughs and bring good news to mankind.
A review of the recent research progress on risk factors of lung cancer
Authors: Chen Hongyuan
Published: December 2023

As a malignant tumor, Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Various risk factors can cause lung cancer, of which the etiological structure is complicated and the specific mechanism has not been clarified yet. In this paper, the author reviews the recent research progress on risk factors of lung cancer, and conclusions can be drawn that smoking is currently the main risk factor causing lung cancer. The risk of developing lung cancer for smokers is 22 times higher than that of non-smokers. Another risk factor is known as indoor air pollution such as formaldehyde released by furniture and household air pollution (HAP). The majority of recent investigations confirm that indoor air pollution is connected to the development of lung cancer. In addition, previous research has also demonstrated a connection between lung cancer and a number of respiratory illnesses, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, a family history of tumors can also be a risk factor, for both men and women are at an increased risk of developing lung cancer if there is a history of the disease in close relatives. What is more, recent research also proves that the intake of fruits and vegetables can lower the incidence of lung cancer.
The effects of functional cereal rich in beta-glucan on cardiovascular health
Authors: Hou Weishi
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases remains a global health concern. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary modifications, have been identified as viable risk reduction strategies. This study seeks to evaluate the potential benefits of beta-glucan-rich functional cereals, such as Uncle Tobys Oats, in reducing the risk of these diseases. Beta-glucan is a soluble fiber known for its cholesterol-lowering properties, and beta-glucan-rich functional cereals provide a convenient way to incorporate this healthful nutrient into daily diets. This study compares the nutritional profile of Uncle Tobys Oats, a representative beta-glucan-rich functional cereal, to that of other common breakfast options, such as Rice Bubbles cereal and Vegemite on toast, based on calorie content, macronutrient distribution, and the presence of essential vitamins and minerals. It is anticipated that the results of this study will contribute to public health recommendations for dietary interventions intended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Advances and application of common biosensors
Authors: Zhang Huijia
Published: December 2023

Biosensors are devices that can detect and measure chemical components in organisms through specialized biological properties or reactions. This paper provides an overview of the three main types of biosensors: enzymatic, immunosensors, and microbial sensors. Enzymatic biosensors utilize enzymes to catalyze specific reactions between target molecules and other components of the biosensor, creating measurable signals. Immunosensors rely on immunological reactions between antigens and antibodies to detect and quantify substances in a solution. Microbial sensors use microbial cells to produce signal outputs being tested. Each type of biosensor has unique applications and mechanisms that make them useful in various scientific studies, including clinical medicine, laboratory research, environmental monitoring, and food engineering. Ongoing advancements in technology will undoubtedly continue to expand the scope of biosensors uses, making them increasingly important in many fields. This paper aims to provide researchers with an understanding of the mechanisms behind biosensors and strategies to improve their performance for better measurement, detection, and monitoring capabilities.
Application of immune checkpoint inhibitor in melanoma treatment
Authors: Chen Yutong
Published: December 2023

Since ipilimumab was approved by FDA in 2011 as the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to treat melanoma, the development of immunotherapy had a huge break through. These inhibitors can block the checkpoint proteins, which include CTLA-4 and PD-1, and resulting in the reactivation of T cells. Their promising effect on suppressing cancer growth is proved once they were used in cancer treatments. One of the greatest contributions of the ICIs is the improvement of melanoma treatment. Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer since its death rate is the highest among all the skin cancer. Their application on melanoma patients is shown to improve patients overall survival and response rate with durable responses. Furthermore, they can treat metastatic melanoma which former therapies were struggling with. Although they still faced the problem of severe side-effects that damage patients lives, many new combinations of therapies had been invented to overcome these drawbacks. The results of using combined therapies are anticipated in further clinical trials.
Microglia in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Yufan
Published: December 2023

As the most common neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is troubling countless middle-aged and elderly people. Countless scientists devote themselves to the study of AD in order to help sufferers live happier life. One of the most striking features of AD is the large number of activated microglia around amyloid plaques. This suggests that microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. But conflicting views have emerged about the specific role of microglia. Some have found that microglia, boosted by proteins such as TREM2 and APOE, can clear plaques in the brain, preventing AD from occurring. Others, however, have found that complement activation mechanisms cause microglia to excessively clear synapses to exacerbate the pathology of AD. This review introduces two opposite opinions about microglias effects in Alzheimer's disease, which is actually about the theory about how TREM2 and microglia mitigate Alzheimer's disease, and why complement and microglia can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease.
Monitoring, treatment and care of glaucoma
Authors: Chai Huixiao
Published: December 2023

Glaucoma is a serious ophthalmic disease with extremely high blindness rates, second only to cataracts. Glaucoma can be divided into 3 types according to clinical practise: primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma. If glaucoma is not treated in a timely manner, it can lead to irreparable results. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of glaucoma is particularly important, and it is necessary to emphasize early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The main symptom of glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure caused by aqueous humor and excessive generation of blocked discharge, but intraocular pressure is controllable. When intraocular pressure increases, it can cause many irreversible damage in the eye, such as optic disc atrophy, visual field loss, visual loss, and severe pain. This article will review the monitoring, treatment, and care of glaucoma. Monitoring mainly includes traditional equipment and new equipment. Treatment can also be divided into traditional methods and new methods, and their advantages and limitations are compared. In the end, the article will provide some suggestions for daily care of glaucoma patients.
Research progress on the effects of thermal processing on different food allergen proteins
Authors: He Songyang
Published: December 2023

Food allergy is a global public health and food safety problem, and the removal or attenuation of allergenic proteins through food processing has historically been a focus in the field of food science. This paper introduces the effect of thermal processing technology on allergen protein sensitization of different foods (milk, peanuts, eggs, tree nuts, and aquatic products). Although processing cannot completely eliminate the allergen allergenic potential, the effects can be minimized by the selection of processing methods and processing parameters. It is hoped that this paper can provide a certain reference for the research and development of hypoallergenic or desensitized foods to ensure that desensitized foods can be obtained without affecting the nutritional value of foods to meet the normal dietary needs of people with food allergies. In addition, due to the vast territory of China, residents in different regions have different eating habits and lifestyles for people with food allergies, which makes it very difficult for people with food allergies to carry out dietary interventions. Therefore, one of the indispensable and important missions of the modern food industry is to solve the problem of dietary restrictions for people with food allergies, and the latest research results summarized in this article will help this.
A randomized controlled trial of food diets to test the difference between effects of the high protein diet and the Mediterranean diet on weight loss
Authors: Liang Ruixi
Published: December 2023

There are many different diets for weight loss for people to choose to follow. The effect of different diets on weight loss is not clear enough. This paper makes comparison between the benefits of the high protein diet and the Mediterranean diet. An 8-week experiment is carried out with subjects to show the difference in effect of the two diets. Subjects that had been divided in two group were asked to follow specific eating plans that are designed by the professional dietitian. The result of the experiment shows that high protein diet is more beneficial to weight loss. Since obesity has become a serious problem in Chinese society, and many people are sick or even dying because of obesity, losing weight is tough and difficult for people to stick on especially by taking exercise. An efficient and healthy diet can be helpful to solve the problem of obesity or overweight.
Investigation of epinephrine molecule and its synthesis
Authors: Deng Wenqi , Feng Yujing , Zhai Chi Yuan Henry
Published: December 2023

Epinephrine is the first hormone to be isolated, identified, and synthesized in a laboratory. It is secreted by the adrenal glands under a fight or flight response when the body reacts towards an experience of harmful events and potential threats to survive. The biosynthesis of epinephrine produces a variety of different hormones in the process, and an investigation of the different effects each hormone has on the body may be considered. The objective of this paper is to view epinephrines effect on the body, the different syntheses of epinephrine, and applications of epinephrine on diseases. Research would be done on the biochemical reaction that synthesizes epinephrine, which boosts the different body functions, and determine epinephrines potential future medical applications.
Brain-computer interface-based on deep learning in preventing depression
Authors: Xi Lun
Published: December 2023

Mood disorders exhibit variations in severity, symptoms, and treatment response, highlighting the need for personalized psychiatry. The integration of patient-specific biomarkers into treatment selection holds the potential to significantly advance this field. Machine learning is increasingly being embraced in healthcare, further emphasizing its role in this context. After training, the patient is the party, as they may analyze an individual patient rather than an entire group. In recent times, deep learning, which is a specialized domain within machine learning, has gained significant popularity owing to its capability to effectively leverage voluminous neurosurgical data and incorporate non-imaging biomarkers. The fundamental principle underlying deep learning revolves around the utilization of neural networks: there are multiple hidden layers, levels of abstraction increase, employed to acquire hierarchical representations of data. This is evidenced by the application of deep learning techniques. Although the results of deep learning algorithms are difficult to interpret, it holds great promise in the field of psychiatry, is widely regarded as one of the most promising approaches in the field of machine learning and is often criticized as a "black box" model.
Research and development status of antifungal drugs based on proteomics
Authors: Li Jialong , Su Yumeng
Published: December 2023

Invasive fungal infection has become one of the serious threats to human health. There is an urgent need to develop a new and efficient antifungal drug. In this study, we mainly conducted a literature survey in the field of proteomics in the research and development of antifungal drugs, summarized the current situation of proteomics in the research and development of antifungal drugs from Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, and pointed out the shortcomings of the current research. This study will summarize the previous research results and methods, and guide the research in this field with AI based protein prediction technology.
Analysis of the influence of ketogenic diet on cancer treatment
Authors: Lin Junhan
Published: December 2023

Cancer cells' metabolic Warburg effect behavior, in which they rely predominantly on aerobic glycolysis, offers a promising opportunity for focused intervention in tumor therapy. Since nutrient oxidation is linked to this metabolic pathway, manipulating one's diet may be a useful method for dealing with tumors. The high-fat, low-carbohydrate composition of the ketogenic diet causes a metabolic condition called ketosis, which is similar to the states of fasting and starvation on the body. The body is coerced into using fat for fuel, which in turn produces ketone bodies that can be used as alternative metabolites in the creation of aerobic energy. Weight loss, epilepsy therapy, and management of diabetes are just a few of the health benefits that have contributed to the ketogenic diet's meteoric rise in popularity. New studies are pointing to the ketogenic diet's promise in the treatment of cancer as well as its more traditional uses. To better utilize the ketogenic diet as a novel approach to cancer treatment and to refine and optimize the existing dietary protocol through scientific inquiry, this paper examines the ketogenic diet's use from an energy perspective and its potential implications in cancer treatment.
Research progress of colloidal gold technology
Authors: Zhong Zijia
Published: December 2023

The colloidal gold technique is a technique that combines antigen-antibody immune reaction with colloidal gold labeling for antigen and antibody detection. This paper introduces the background, principle, application, advantages and disadvantages of this technique. The colloidal gold technique uses colloidal gold particles as markers to bind with antigens or antibodies and show red bands on the test strip. It has three methods: the double antibody sandwich method, competition method and indirect method. It can be used for things like environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. It has the advantages of rapid, simple, low cost, and good stability, but also has the disadvantages of low sensitivity, poor specificity, difficult quantification, etc. In this paper, the background, principle, preparation method, application, advantages and disadvantages of colloidal gold are reviewed to provide readers with a comprehensive and systematic understanding. Although colloidal gold technology has made many achievements, there are still some challenges and difficulties in realizing the industrial application of colloidal gold, such as how to improve the stability, sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of colloidal gold.
Analysis of the role of clock genes in the sleep-wake cycle and other biological processes
Authors: Xu Jiayang
Published: December 2023

Clock genes, forming the crux of the body's circadian system, underpin the molecular basis of circadian rhythms. These rhythms, following approximately 24-hour cycles, regulate an array of biological processes, enabling organisms to adjust to environmental shifts. The sleep-wake cycle, a fundamental manifestation of this, alongside crucial brain functions and basic physiological processes, demonstrates significant links to circadian rhythms. This paper explores the interplay between clock genes and the sleep-wake cycle, illustrating that these genes modulate the cycle by managing associated hormones and neurotransmitters. Conversely, disruptions to the sleep-wake cycle influence the expressions of clock genes. Furthermore, the bidirectional relationships between these genes and other processes are also examined. Clock genes exert direct or indirect influence on vital life processes, which in turn modulate clock gene expression in various ways. Ultimately, the paper concludes with an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms and identifies potential avenues for future research. These insights significantly contribute to the knowledge of the genetic basis of circadian rhythms and their potential clinical implications.
Data attribution and quantitative analysis for heart disease screening
Authors: Geng Chaozhi
Published: December 2023

Heart disease is a globally common fatal diseases, and its appearance has always been of great concern. The goal of this paper was to analyse factors of variation in the appearance of heart disease in Cleveland area with a view to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and comprehension of heart disease. This paper utilized data which includes the prevalence of heart disease in Cleveland region, which contains several characteristic variables such as age, gender, type of chest pain, etc., as well as the target variable, the prevalence of heart disease. First, the data were subjected to data pre-processing, including missing value treatment, outlier treatment, and feature engineering. Then, Granger causality test could be utilized to find out the correlation among features and target in order to distinguish the features that have a significant impact on the prevalence of heart disease. The outcome of the experiment showed that there was a major causal relationship between features such as ST depression led by oldpeak, slope of the highest exercise ST segment, a blood disorder called thalassemia (thal), and heart disease incidence. And different degrees of blood diseases may increase the risk of the disease. These results have significant implications for the progression of targeted heart disease prevention strategies and health management policies. Further studies can incorporate more features and data to enhance models precision and accuracy and interpretability, providing more valuable information for better understanding the pathogenesis of heart disease and predicting risk.
Research on the application of microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Geng Jinrong
Published: December 2023

The digestive tract frequently develops the malignant tumor known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variety of liver diseases can develop into HCC and therefore a therapeutic approach is required. Extracellular vesicles known as exosomes are released by a number of cells and contain a wide range of active substances, including lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. microRNA is a type of RNA that accelerates apoptosis by participating in the regulation of downstream gene translation. Studies have shown that exosomal micrornas regulate HCC. Exosomal microRNAs have been proven in studies which regulate HCC. Exosomal micrornas may therefore be particular biomarkers for HCC metastases and early diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets. The utilization of exosomal micrornas in HCC is employed as biomarkers for early diagnosis and may trigger cancer cell apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT channel or MAPKs/ERK channel to produce therapeutic effects. Exosomal micrornas are briefly detailed in this paper.
Industrial pollutions on the health effects of infants, children, and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Zeqiang
Published: December 2023

Industrial pollution is considered especially harmful to juveniles health. This paper analyzes the effect of common pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals, on three different types of diseases. It can be concluded that particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, and POPs are significantly associated with neurodevelopmental deficiencies in infants. Endocrine-disrupting effects and neuroinflammation are considered the leading causes, but the specific mechanisms remain questioned. Pollutants from heavy industries have a higher potential to cause childrens respiratory diseases, and residency within 4 km of the industry is especially hazardous. Biomarkers VEGF and urinary 8-OHdG reflect a high glutathione-related oxidative burden for exposure to toxic metals attached to particulate matter. Deregulation in metabolism and DNA oxidative damage is shown to be responsible for increasing cancer risk, but the triggering pathway is unclear. The tendency to develop diseases in both genders is heterozygous, and a larger dataset is required to draw a conclusion.
The use of 3D printing and growth factor in cosmetics medicine
Authors: Qi Zeyu , Zhang Huaiyue
Published: December 2023

The equipment we have designed consists of two main parts: the outer part and the inner part. The outer part features a 3D printed nose bridge made from Polylactic acid (PLA) and collagen. This combination of materials serves a dual purpose: the PLA aids in replacing dead skin cells and supports blood clotting, which facilitates faster post-operative recovery. Meanwhile, the inner part is filled with autologous fat infused with connective tissue growth factor. This choice is grounded in the fact that cartilage, a key component in this context, belongs to the connective tissue category. Under optimal conditions, this innovative equipment demonstrates promising efficacy.
A review of neural regeneration therapy for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Jiawen
Published: December 2023

The process of aging has been associated with the development of several disorders, including neurodegenerative conditions that are characterized by irreversible and incurable degeneration of the nervous system. Alzheimer's disease, a highly widespread neurodegenerative disorder globally, is characterized by a gradual deterioration of brain function, resulting in cerebral atrophy and neuronal demise. Despite the absence of pharmaceutical interventions capable of impeding or decelerating the progression of these conditions, stem cell therapy emerges as a viable therapeutic modality with considerable potential for mitigating the symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive analysis of the current state of prospective treatments, trials including stem cell therapy in animal models, the existing clinical status of stem cell therapy in pre-transplant patients, and the advancements made in stem cell technology.
Performance problems: presence, memory and fabulation in live music
Authors: De Almeida Nobre Pires Victor , Soares Thiago
Published: December 2023

This article discusses a set of “performance problems” (Madri 2009) in live music from the enshrinement and emptying of music “lives” in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020. Beginning with the notion of presence, we recognize “live” as a status with a long tradition in mediatic configurations (Auslander 2008, Pires 2019) and present the aesthetic impasses brought about by their archiving in digital culture. We debate speculative zones between memory, invention, and simulation in three experiences created by live music materials: the presence of holograms and music performances, the retransmission of archived shows on digital platforms in the context of the pandemic, and the creation of new sound environments for pre-recorded materials.
“Genrefluid” Spotify Playlists and Mediations of Genre and Identity in Music Streaming
Authors: Muchitsch Veronika
Published: December 2023

Recent popular discourse has claimed that music and listeners’ tastes are becoming increasingly “genrefluid” in popular music culture, and this idea has been linked to the logics of music streaming services. This article analyzes the Spotify-curated playlist Lorem, which has been presented by the company as a primary illustration of “genrefluid” music curation and listening, to investigate Spotify’s mediations of genre and identity at the intersections of media discourse, genre metadata, and curated sound. I discuss how the idea of genrefluidity links post-genre and post-identity discourses to the technocultural logics of algorithmic recommendation. At the same time, Spotify’s mediation of genre remediates earlier hegemonic associations between genre and identity in popular music culture. This article concludes that musical categorization in music streaming does not transcend genre and identity but is characterized by ambivalent mappings of genre and identity mediated by the logics of algorithmic technologies.
Towards streamlined broadcasting. The Changing Music Cultures of 1990s Finnish Commercial Radio.
 doi:10.5429/2079-3871(2010)v1i1.8en
Authors: Uimonen Heikki
Published: December 2023

The deregulation of broadcasting in 1985 Finland introduced competition between two different systems: the European public service tradition and American commercial radio. Because of the rivalry the music contents were changed both in commercial stations and in the publicly funded YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company). Freedom of speech, musically diverse, unconventional and almost uncontrolled program policies dominated radio from the mid1980s. Five years later the form and content were changed. Special music programs hosted by individual disc jockeys were converted to streamlined broadcasting and the variety of music genres diminished. American-style format radios were introduced with automated music control, rotation clocks, playlists and audience music testing. The changes were fostered by the increased competition caused by the change of broadcasting regulations, the unexpected economic recession and technical innovations such as automated music jukeboxes. These business policies form the foundation on which contemporary Finnish commercial radio still rests. The article deals with the change of music culture of the early 1990’s commercial radios. It focuses on the following main questions: How was the process of music selection and radio music management changed? What were the economic, technological, organisational and cultural constraints that regulated the radio business and especially radio music in 1990s Finland? The questions will be answered by empirical data consisting of interviews with the radio station personnel in the 1990s and music copyright reports supported by printed archive material.
Vocal pop pleasures. Theoretical, analytical and empirical approaches to voice and singing in popular music
 doi:10.5429/2079-3871(2010)v1i1.7en
Authors: Pfleiderer Martin
Published: December 2023

Voices and vocal expression play a crucial role in popular music. Voices are linked immediately to the human body and various affective states. But vocal expression could be conventionalized and conventionalized and manipulated deliberately by the learned cultural patterns of expression too -- in everyday speach as well as in music. Two approaches to investigate voice and singing in popular music are outlined: Firstly, an analytical approach is illustrated by a characterization of a vocal performance by Ray Charles, using transcriptions and spectrograms. Secondly, an empirical approach to the effects of vocal performances is illustrated by listeners surveys asking for ascriptions of emotions and personality traits to music excerpts.
Rebirth, resounding, recreation: making seventies rock in the 21st century
Authors: Hyltén-Cavallius Sverker
Published: December 2023

The aim of the article is to explore ways of conceiving and organizing the recent past in contemporary rock music taking place in Sweden. Empirical basis is observations at music events, in-depth interviews, reading of news media and web pages, and analysis of recorded music, conducted within a current research project. The article develops three retrologies, literally “ways of thinking back”. Rebirth is when musicians disappear and after many years reappear. In this case identity “the authority to claim personal continuity” and the capability to represent and manage a lost context are keys to an authentic performance and central to the musicians’ chances to update and develop their sound. Resounding is the use of past sounds, instruments, grooves and melodic fragments that are put together in new ways. These bands are associated to the seventies, and listeners will find a number of historic references yet rarely or never find actual copies. Recreation is the meticulous work characterizing certain tribute bands in their effort to recreate historical concerts. In this case, the identity of the performing artist is erased in favor of the identity of the performed artist, placing authenticity in the matching of detailed performance and audience expectations. To conclude, each retrology points to different conceptions of authenticity, but they all create intimate historical spaces for their audiences to enter into.
Live Recollections: Uses of the Past in U.S. Concert Life
 doi:10.5429/2079-3871(2010)v1i1.9en
Authors: Waksman Steve
Published: December 2023

As an institution, the concert has long been one of the central mechanisms through which a sense of musical history is constructed and conveyed to a contemporary listening audience. Examining concert programs and critical reviews, this paper will briefly survey U.S. concert life at three distinct moments: in the 1840s, when a conflict arose between virtuoso performance and an emerging classical canon; in the 1920s and 1930s, when early jazz concerts referenced the past to highlight the music's progress over time; and in the late twentieth century, when rock festivals sought to reclaim a sense of liveness in an increasingly mediatized cultural landscape.
"A Young Girls Dream": Examining the Barriers Facing Female Electric Guitarists
Authors: Bourdage Monique
Published: December 2023

Critics who locate the instrument’s inaccessibility to women solely in its physical design overlook cultural reasons for the lack of great female electric guitarists. The same barriers that prevent women from succeeding in other male-dominated fields also apply to the electric guitar, such as a scarcity of role models, a lack of access to education, and the masculinization of prestigious technologies. Despite allusions to rebellion, rock ‘n’ roll often promotes traditional gender roles. This paper examines the creation of along with efforts to break down these barriers, which have included women’s music festivals, riot grrrl, and rock camps for girls.
Editor's note vol 1
Authors: Fouce Hector
Published: December 2023

The score of works in this first volume of Journal@IASPM include a very wide range of methodological perspectives, genres, geographies, historical moments, social and cultural practices, age groups and theoretical ambitions. It shows the diversity of a field of study and an academic organization that cannot be conceived otherwise, that retains its scholastic breadth, without losing its raison d'etre.
Caught on the Back Foot: epistemic inertia and visible music
http://dx.doi.org/10.5429/2079-3871(2011)v2i1-2.2en
Authors: Tagg Philip
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the position of popular music studies thirty years since the formation of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music. Founder member of the association, Phillip Tagg, discusses what issues need to be addressed in the field, and how could they be better understood. Areas investigated include interdisciplinarity, interprofessionalism, epistemic intertia and invisible music. The paper concludes that musicologists working in popular music have failed to make such inroads into conventional musicology that popular music and art music are treated equally. It also questions why researchers from non-musical backgrounds still struggle to address the music of popular music studies, and offers solutions. It finally suggests that we are in a new stage of musical culture, in which audio-only/visible music has been replaced with audiovisual/invisible music, and that as a result popular music studies needs to engage further with music and the moving image.
German-language Popular Music Studies in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
 http://dx.doi.org/10.5429/2079-3871(2011)v2i1-2.5en
Authors: Pfleiderer Martin
Published: December 2023

Following the foundation of IASPM in 1981, the German ASPM (Arbeitskreis Studium Populäre Musik e.V.) was established in 1984. Although there is a free dialogue with IASPM, the organizations operate independently. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, a variety of courses are offered in popular music studies, although often by young tutors, many of whom are doctoral students, which means that the field still has some way to go to become firmly established in the academic world. In addition, German-speaking academic communities read English-language publications but few publish their research papers in English, in international journals. Nevertheless, there is no big gap between the issues of popular music research in Germany and in the predominant Anglo-American academic discourses, due to central themes concerning popular music that bridge the frontiers of nation-states and national culture, such as globalisation, world music, or performance and media studies.
Editorial Introduction, Volume 2, February 2012
 http://dx.doi.org/10.5429/2079-3871(2011)v2i1-2.1en
Authors: Rietveld Hillegonda C.
Published: December 2023

Introduction to Volume 2 by the Editor
Turkey and the Copyleft Music Production: Reflections on Bandista
Authors: Mehrabov Ilkin
Published: December 2023

This article focuses on 'copyleft' music production in Turkey through a case study on Bandista, music collective with strong oppositional stance formed in 2006 in Istanbul. Describing its musical performances as "situationist experiment of rage and rapture" Bandista became immensely popular in Turkish political music scenery after releasing its debut album De te fabula narratur in 2009 under the 'copyleft' scheme. Article tries to look at the 'copyleft' with the notion of 'music as performance' in mind, and argues that 'copyleft' politics are essential especially for new music bands to form themselves as independent actors within the music scene.
Brazilian Popular Music Economy Aspects: The Baile Funk Circuit
Authors: Sá Simone Pereira , Miranda Gabriela Oliveira
Published: December 2023

The paper aims to deepen the discussion of the production, circulation, and consumption Brazilian’s musical genre funk carioca, identifying its main in the music field, besides the figures and the practices that move their businesses. Since its consolidation, funk has created a both sustainable and autonomous pioneer circuit in relation with the major’s label model, which allows us to sketch a model of the popular music economy in Brazil, based on practices such as technological appropriation, authorship flexibilization, emphasis on the live performance instead of selling material supports.
Chiptuning Intellectual Property: Digital Culture Between Creative Commons and Moral Economy
Authors: Zeilinger Martin J.
Published: December 2023

A multitude of legal restrictions imposed on digital creative expressions impact how musicians are able (or unable) to practice their craft. This essay considers how chipmusic deals with this impact. In exploring the form’s close ties to appropriation-based production techniques and its use of Creative Commons licenses, I describe it as an active site for implicit critiques of restrictive copyright regimes. I conclude by considering the concept of a moral economy of appropriation-based creative techniques as a new framework for understanding digital creative practices that are characterized by shared cultural norms and resist conventional intellectual property policy.
The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror
Authors: Johnson Anthony John Bruce
Published: December 2023

The Politics of Post-9/11 Music:

Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror

Joseph P. Fisher and Brian Flota (eds)

Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2011
Jam sessions in Madrid’s blues scene: musical experience in hybrid performance models
Authors: Pedro Josep
Published: December 2023

Examining the differences between presentational and participatory music, this paper explores the importance of jam sessions as hybrid performance models and collective musical practices. As such, they display democratic and hierarchic devices that produce complex social and cultural settings, providing particular frameworks for community gathering and interaction between the different participants. Based on my field research in the Madrid’s blues scene, where jam sessions have gained a dominant widespread, I will discuss two significant and distinct jams that take place every Sunday. The aim is to practically analyse what type of musical experiences and relationships they produce, considering the significance of the blues genre production and the underground status of the scene. Overall, I intend to broaden the academic interpretations of jam sessions, suggesting hybridity as a theoretical framework for analysing the social life of situated live music experiences in different genres.
Performing Austria: Protesting the Musical Nation
Authors: Fiddler Allyson
Published: December 2023

The Austrian national elections of 1999 and the subsequent government formation in 2000 sparked a wave of protests, both at home and abroad, due to the inclusion of the extreme-right, populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) into the coalition. This article examines a body of protest music (ranging from heavy metal, rock and punk, to mock-choral and microtonal) that came about between 1999 and 2004 as a direct response to the turn in Austrian politics towards the extreme right. In interrogating this protest music I discern an important and hitherto under-researched facet of identity-(de)construction in Austria’s artistic self-expression. It suggests a highly politicised counter-image to the usual, musically inspired representations of Austria, the land more readily associated abroad with Mozart and Haydn, the Vienna boys’ choir, waltzing and yodelling. The music here is interrogated for the textual and musical strategies it deploys, and the spaces and icons of protest performance are probed for their efficacy and for the political interventions that they engender.
Introduction: Digital Nation: Copyright, Technology, Politics
Authors: Stahl Geoff , Homan Shane
Published: December 2023

This special issue examines issues relating to technological, regulatory and industrial change in the popular music industries. The issue draws upon on the breadth of IASPM international knowledge to present a diverse conversation about rights and revenues, particularly copyright law, structures and practices. The collection of national case studies here—Canada, Turkey, Britain, Mali, Brazil—reinforce the need to recognise the very local conditions and cultures that operate, even as leading copyright exporters (such as the U.S.) attempt global regulation. In the introduction we also discuss an infamous digital music entrepreneur, Kim Dotcom, an outrider who refuses to observe national and global copyright law.
Home. Land and Sea: Situating Music in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Shuker Roy Gordon
Published: December 2023

Glenda Keam and Tony Mitchell (Editors)

Pearson, North Shore, New Zealand, 2011
Alternative Journalism in Madrid’s Blues Scene
Authors: Pedro Josep
Published: December 2023

This article discusses how the blues music scene in Madrid (Spain) produces its own media and communication networks, based on the genre’s traditional and current development, in contrast to the lack of attention from mainstream media. Focusing on three key alternative blues-journalists whose activities relate to different periods, I trace the evolution of their practices in relationship to the scene. Overall, they have shifted from a more individual, discursive construction of the genre and the scene to the collective development of associative endeavours like the “Madrid Blues Society”. I argue that in the contemporary context, where conventional media fail to provide a music press apparatus to the scene, the contributions of alternative blues-journalists, who vocationally commit to blues dissemination for long periods, provide a community sharing practice for scene participants, contributing to the scene’s reproduction and gradually developing a higher self-consciousness that adapts to its dynamics.
Trad Dads, Dirty Boppers and Free Fusioneers, British Jazz 1960-1975
Authors: Williams Katherine Ann
Published: December 2023

Trad Dads, Dirty Boppers and Free Fusioneers, British Jazz 1960-1975

Duncan Heining

Sheffield and Bristol CT: Equinox Publishing, 2013
Pop-Rock Music
Authors: Wilson Brett David
Published: December 2023

Pop-Rock Music: Aesthetic Cosmopolitanism in Late Modernity

Motti Regev

Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013
A Discourse on Brazilian Popular Music and U.S. Jazz Education
Authors: Barreto Almir Cortes , Modirzadeh Hafez
Published: December 2023

During a 2013 post-doctoral grant funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP to conduct research on North American jazz education, Almir Côrtes spent several hours a week at his host institution, San Francisco State University, with Hafez Modirzadeh, Professor of Jazz and Creative Music Studies. Together, they discussed and compared improvisation pedagogies between their two institutions. The following is a summary of several months of discourse, with Modirzadeh’s critical cross-cultural positions on jazz lending to Côrtes’s own research on the teaching of musical improvisation in Brazil. Among points discussed are some of the parallels and problems of institutionalizing historical contexts of practice, and popular music in particular. What follows are their own interactive perspectives – referencing causes for the current state of teaching methods, proposing potentialities for future ones that lay ahead – always with the knowledge that through consistent dialogue, shared boundaries expand.