bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced Vagal and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Trauma in Canines
Authors: Eimear Phelan , Kamani Dipti , Dralle Henning , Randolph Gregory W.
Published: September 2011

Objective

1) Identify electromyographic changes (EMG), specifically amplitude and latency changes that are associated with nerve injury. 2) Correlate induced recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and vagal nerve trauma in dogs with postoperative vocal cord function.

Method

The study was conducted over a 2‐year period. The vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve electrophysiological parameters of 12 canines were recorded during induced nerve injury. These electrophysiological parameters were correlated with postoperative vocal cord function.

Results

Twelve canines were subjected to vagus and/or RLN trauma. Compression and/or stretch trauma was associated with significant posttrauma electromyographic parameter changes. An amplitude decrease of greater than 80% and latency increase of greater than 10% was observed in the vocal cord palsy group. In addition, aggressive nerve stimulation caused mild amplitude variation but no associated vocal cord palsy. Prolonged nerve stimulation caused significant EMG changes, which recovered, but no associated vocal cord palsy.

Conclusion

We present canine vagal and RLN electrophysiological data. Preliminary data suggest that electrophysiological parameter changes are associated with vocal cord palsy. Prolonged nerve stimulation is safe. Human vagal nerve and RLN studies are required to assess if similar EMG changes are seen in humans and associated with vocal cord palsy.
Initiating a Transoral Robotic Surgical Program: The First 30 Cases
Authors: Cognetti David M. , Luginbuhl Adam , Nguyen Anthony
Published: September 2011

Objective

Establish the feasibility of initiating a transoral robotic surgery (TORS) program.

Method

Prospectively collected data for 30 patients treated with TORS at an academic institution. Main outcome measures were intraoperative times, complications, time to diet, time to discharge. Following FDA approval of TORS, the senior surgeon (DMC) completed the training for TORS. Credentialing included equipment training, porcine dissection, cadaver dissection, and case observation.

Results

Subsites included BOT, tonsil, parapharyngeal space, retromolar trigone, and supraglottis. Average retractor setup was 12 minutes. Surgical console time ranged from 8 to 205 minutes, averaging 64 minutes (±57 minutes). Variability was noted due to the learning curve at the beginning and increased complexity of cases toward the end. For radical tonsillectomies the surgical times for the final 3 patients averaged 32 minutes whereas the first 3 patients averaged 60 minutes. There were no major complications, tracheostomy was avoided in all patients, and average LOS was 2.3 days. Average time to oral diet was 1.2 days for the 24 patients discharged on a diet.

Conclusion

Efficient establishment of a TORS program is feasible. With appropriate training and preparation, this technology can be safely applied with acceptable operative times and minimal complications.
A Novel Scaffold Implant Comparison to Current Biomaterials
Authors: Kolb Caroline M. , Mings Jamie , Pierce Lisa , Roofe Scott B.
Published: September 2011

Objective

1) Develop a model to evaluate biocompatibility and integrationof novel porous bioscaffolds for maxillofacial and plastic reconstruction usingsphere‐templated angiogenic regeneration (STAR) technology. 2) Demonstrate substrate‐independence of STAR technology. 3) Perform a pilot study to compare a novel STAR implant withcurrently available synthetic and biologic soft tissue implants.

Method

Five pigs underwent dorsal subcutaneous implantation of a polypropylene‐based material coated with precision pore silicone granules (STAR scaffold), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, human dermis, and porcine dermis. Sham dissection was also performed. Specimens were harvested 7, 21, 90, and 180 days after surgery and evaluated histologically for inflammation, neovascularization, and collagen deposition.

Results

All materials and sham sites induced a mild to moderate inflammatory response that decreased over time, except for human dermis, which elicited persistent marked inflammation. Overall, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene elicited the most favorable foreign body reaction and demonstrated minimal chronic inflammation. The STAR scaffold demonstrated the greatest number of foreign body giant cells adjacent to the silicone granules, highlighting the importance of using inert biodegradable substances for bioscaffold constructs in future studies. All materials were similarly encapsulated with a layer of poorly vascularized collagen. Porcine dermis, sham dissections, and the STAR scaffolds received the best scores for collagen deposition and encapsulation.

Conclusion

Implantation studies in an in‐vivo pig model revealed that polypropylene/silicone‐based STAR implants confer no advantage over expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, the current gold standard for soft tissue reconstruction. Future testing of less reactive, biodegradable materials for STAR constructs such as hyaluronic acid may show an improvement over current soft tissue implants.
Is There Still a Role for Salvage Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy with Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy?
Authors: Nakayama Meijin , Okamoto Tabito , Seino Yutomo , Okamoto Makito , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Matsuki Takashi
Published: September 2011

Objective

A history of radiation therapy is known to be a major risk factor promoting postsurgical complications. By comparing the clinical outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL‐CHEP) in radiated and nonradiated patients, we investigated the usefulness of salvage SCPL‐CHEP.

Method

Among 61 patients who received SCPL‐CHEP between 1997 and 2010, 25 (41%) had received radiation therapy preoperatively and 36 (59%) had not. Staging error, wound infection, accuracy of surgical margin determination, acquired laryngeal function, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.

Results

Staging error occurred in 5 out of 25 (20%) irradiated and 13 out of 36 (36%) nonirradiated patients. Wound infection developed in 11 out of 25 (44%) irradiated and 5 out of 36 (14%) nonirradiated patients. Delayed wound infection (eg, infection appearing more than 1 month after an uneventful postsurgical course) was identified in 4 patients with a radiation dose over 65 Gy. Intraoperative margin study demonstrated dysplastic or positive margin in 13 out of 25 (52%) irradiated and 9 out of 36 (25%) nonirradiated patients. Swallowing function (ability to eat out) was acquired in 23 out of 25 (92%) irradiated and 32 out of 36 (89%) nonirradiated patients. Five‐year overall survival rates were 83% in both groups.

Conclusion

Risk of infection was significantly higher in irradiated patients; delayed infection should be appropriately managed. Functional and oncological results were stable regardless of radiation history. When salvage SCPL‐CHEP is the only option to save a functioning larynx, head and neck surgeons are encouraged to take reasonable risks in performing SCPL‐CHEP.
Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring Use: An Emerging Consensus?
Authors: Singer Michael C. , Sundaram Krishnamurthi , Rosenfeld Richard M.
Published: September 2011

Objective

There is continued debate over the value of laryngeal nerve monitoring (LNM) during thyroidectomy. Previous studies have suggested that utilization of electromyographic endotracheal tubes for neuromonitoring is limited. We queried head and neck surgeons regarding their attitudes toward LNM.

Method

An anonymous, internet‐based survey of the members of the American Head and Neck Society was performed. Information was collected on participants’ training history, practice setting, years of experience, and annual volume of thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Participants’ use of LNM and their beliefs regarding possible benefits were assessed.

Results

A total of 170 surveys were completed (18% response rate). Of respondents, 65% use LNM in at least some thyroid and parathyroid cases, 37% always, and 29% sometimes. Utilization was associated with the belief that LNM reduces the risk of recurrent nerve injury (P <. 001). However, the most commonly cited reasons for LNM use were “medical‐legal protection” and “increased confidence.” Comparing otolaryngologists to general surgeons, 43% vs 17% (P =. 016) always use LNM, 25% vs 36% sometimes, and 30% vs 47% never use monitoring. Younger surgeons were more likely to use LNM. No association was found between LNM utilization and case volume or practice type.

Conclusion

Currently, no consensus exists regarding the use of LNM during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The results of this survey suggest that LNM use has become more widespread. Irrespective of the reasons surgeons are adopting LNM, if this trend continues LNM may eventually become routine practice among head and neck surgeons.
Morbidity of Prophylactic Node Dissection in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Volpi Erivelto , Bertelli Antonio , Vasconcelos Evandro Cezar , Steck Jose H. , Massarollo Luiz , Kulcsar Marco
Published: September 2011

Objective

Determine if the implementation of prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment as a routine procedure increases the risk of injury over the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands in patients with clinical stage T1N0M0 compared with patients who underwent total thyroidectomy only.

Method

Retrospective study of 46 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy plus prophylactic central lymph node dissection for papillary cancer with preoperative staging T1N0M0 from March 2008 to July 2010. The outcomes were compared with 107 patients in the same conditions and period undergoing total thyroidectomy alone.

Results

The 2 groups (with and without neck dissection) were similar in age, gender, pathologic features, and completeness of thyroidectomy. Of the 46 patients who underwent neck dissection, 6 (13.0%) had vocal fold paralysis with one (2.1%) permanent. In patients who underwent only total thyroidectomy, 9 (8.4%) had transient paralysis, with no cases of permanent paralysis. Regarding hypoparathyroidism 15 patients (32.6%) had transient and 2 (4.3%) had permanent among those who underwent neck dissection, but in patients who underwent only total thyroidectomy, the total rate of hypoparathyroidism was 7.4% (8 cases) with 2 cases (1.8%) of permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion

Even though the prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment did not cause a statistically significant increase in injuries on the recurrent laryngeal nerve, its realization is associated with high rates of hypoparathyroidism. These results make it difficult to indicate this procedure as a routine treatment for early thyroid tumors.
Perineural Invasion in Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancer
Authors: Maxwell Jessica H. , Lezner Diana , McHugh Jonathan , Duvvuri Umamaheswar
Published: September 2011

Objective

1) Determine the true incidence of perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). 2) Understand the relationship between PNI, tumor thickness, and nodal metastases. 3) Analyze the effect of PNI on overall survival (OS).

Method

Tumor tissue from 47 patients with early stage SCCOT diagnosed between 1981 and 2001 at the University of Pittsburgh was prospectively analyzed for PNI, number/size of nerves involved, intraneural invasion, nodal metastases, and tumor thickness. Outcome data included overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and disease recurrence.

Results

PNI was found in 48.9% (23/47) of patients. At initial diagnosis, the incidence of PNI was 36.8% (7/19) among those patients evaluated for PNI. This agreement was fair (Kappa = 0.39, 95% CI:0.02, 0.76). Patients with PNI had significantly greater tumor thickness (mean = 13.2mm) than patients without PNI (mean = 6.9mm; P =. 001). Three (3/23; 13%) patients with PNI had intraneural invasion. Ten of 23 (43.5%) patients with PNI had nodal metastases compared with 4 of 20 (16.7%) patients without PNI (P =. 060). Patients without PNI had better OS than patients with PNI (median = 10.1 years vs 4.2 years, respectively), although this was not significant (P =. 154).

Conclusion

The true incidence of PNI is nearly 50% for SCCOT. PNI is significantly associated with greater tumor thickness. Patients with PNI have increased nodal metastases and worse overall survival compared to patients without PNI. However, these trends are not significant.
Intradepartmental Faculty Mentoring in Teaching Marketing
Authors: Tähtinen Jaana , Mainela Tuija , Nätti Satu , Saraniemi Saila
Published: September 2011

This study focuses on the use of mentoring by a peer as a way to help teachers of marketing to develop their teaching skills. Using self-ethnography, we elaborate on the potential of intradepartmental faculty mentoring in teaching (FMIT) to enhance the quality of marketing education. The study describes FMIT, a novel type of mentoring, reviews its benefits, and reveals the threats to its rewarding implementation. Three major elements related to rewarding intradepartmental mentoring were identified—organizational support, knowledge sharing in mentoring discussions, and handling emotions in mentoring. Accordingly, FMIT requires the establishment of an official status and permanent support structure. An existing colleague relationship and a long-term experience of collaboration provide facilitative conditions both for knowledge sharing and other rewards for both actors. The courage and ability to give and receive constructive feedback makes the mentoring relationship mutually beneficial. Organizational support in the form of training and coaching reduces the emotional challenges, further highlighting the importance of organizational commitment to FMIT.
Future Life Goals of HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Male Emerging Adults
Authors: Bruce Douglas , Harper Gary W. ,   and the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN)
Published: September 2011

This qualitative study explores the future life goals reported by a sample of HIV-positive gay/bisexual male emerging adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants ages 17-24 at four geographically and demographically diverse adolescent HIV medicine programs to explore the content of participants’ goals, perceived obstacles and sources of resilience. We provide descriptive data on goals articulated by participants to begin to understand (1) how gay male emerging adults may differ from the heteronormative samples that have characterized most research on emerging adulthood to date, (2) how living with HIV/AIDS may impact the future life goals of this population, and (3) implications for HIV/AIDS service providers as HIV-positive emerging adults are transitioned from adolescent to adult care.
Recycling effect on mechanical behavior of HDPE/glass fibers at low concentrations
Authors: Ayadi A , Kraiem D , Bradai C , Pimbert S
Published: September 2011

The present article investigates the recycling effect on properties of dilute suspension of HDPE reinforced by SGF without coupling agents. This dilute suspension at different proportions of SGF loading was produced by melt compounding cycles with a single screw extruder. The differential scanning calorimetry results have shown an increase in the crystallinity of HDPE with SGF proportion and the number of extrusions. The increase varies from 8.2% for neat HDPE 5 extrusions to 13.3% for HDPE 10% SGF 3 extrusions. Besides, rheological measurements have shown a decrease in the viscosity of neat matrix from 33,800 Pa.s to 24,500 Pa.s after 5 extrusions for 0.01 s−1, while the opposite is observed for composites for which the highest viscosity is obtained with five cycles of extrusion. These results suggest a decrease in the molecular weight of the HDPE during reprocessing, but for composites a good dispersion of SGF matrix was obtained, increasing with the extrusion number. As for the mechanical properties, a substantial enhancement in ductility was observed, compared to neat recycled matrix, by adding small SGF concentrations. Thus, for 1.6% and 2.6% SGF the best enhancement of ductility was obtained with conservation of the fiber length and a good dispersion of fibers.
The Family in Family Business
Authors: Santiago Andrea L.
Published: September 2011

Research abounds on the nuances of family business, many comparing management, leadership, and performance of these businesses against those that are not influenced by family involvement. Although comparative studies eventually led to the development of family business definitions, the treatment of in-laws has been surreptitiously left out. In the family business, are in-laws family members, nonfamily members, or perennially in limbo? This article presents that the in-law position, at least in the Philippine setting, is precarious, necessitating a unique circle in Tagiuri and Davis’s three-circle model. The standards of treatment and the measurement of performance depend on which position the in-law occupies in that model. Knowing exactly where everyone fits into the model creates a better understanding of how one should behave for optimal family business experience.
An investigation of multilayer coated (TiCN/Al2O3-TiN) tungsten carbide tools in high speed cutting using a hybrid finite element and experimental technique
Authors: Fahad M , Mativenga P T , Sheikh M A
Published: September 2011

Temperature and heat distribution in metal cutting are key factors that influence dry and/or high speed machining processes. In particular, during dry high speed machining these factors can lead to premature tool failure resulting in higher process cost. In this work, a hybrid methodology was employed in which finite element modelling (FEM) and experimental tests were used to evaluate the performance of multilayer functionally graded coated tools on the basis of heat partition into the tool and growth of flank wear. Cutting tests were conducted on AISI/SAE 4140 low carbon steel using multilayer coated tungsten carbide tools with TiCN/Al2O3 coatings on the rake face and TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coatings on the flank face. The tools were restricted contact length with a grooved profile. Cutting tests were conducted over a wide range of cutting speeds ranging from 200 to 879 m/min. The prediction of heat partition was carried out by matching finite element simulated temperatures to experimentally measured temperatures at 12 separate points on the tool. The study reveals that by using the functionally graded coating layouts, a significant reduction in heat distribution into the cutting tool can be achieved. Furthermore, the results suggest that in addition to the coating system, the tool rake face profile is also important in controlling heat flux and reducing flank wear.
Study on single-discharge machining characteristics of non-conductive engineering ceramics in emulsion with high open voltage and large capacitor
Authors: Ji R , Liu Y , Zhang Y , Wang F , Chen Z , Dong X
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a new process for the machining of non-conductive engineering ceramics that is based on electrical discharge machining. It uses a thin copper sheet as an assisting electrode and a high capacitance value capacitor that is directly discharged into the machining process i.e. there are no current-limiting resistors in the discharge circuit. This configuration creates a high discharge energy and discharge force which enables electronically insulating engineering ceramics to be effectively machined. Single-discharge experiments were performed using an emulsion as the dielectric machining fluid. The effects of the dielectric fluid, polarity, open voltage, capacitance, and current-limiting resistance on the process performance in terms of the volume and depth of the crater created in the surface of the workpiece, tool wear, and assisting electrode wear were investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the crater was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the crater is the result of a spalling process on the surface of the non-conducting ceramic workpiece. However, at the centre region of the crater some material is removed by melting and vaporization, and this type of material removal is enhanced by an increase in the open voltage.
A multi-criteria decision-making framework for assessing the quality and cost of facility layout alternatives: a case study
Authors: Alsyouf I , Al-Araidah O , Tates M , Ciganovic R
Published: September 2011

The paper presents a multi-phase framework for assessing the quality and cost of facility layout alternatives. The framework utilizes life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to account for economical and qualitative aspects. Life-cycle considerations include costs of development, investment, construction or production, usage, and scrapping. A test of the proposed framework was performed at the Swedish Mail Terminal in the town of Alvesta, a part of Posten Sweden AB. The terminal has several space, machine, and operational constraints. Three layout alternatives were developed and evaluated using the suggested framework. Although the selected layout alternative has the highest implementation cost, it yields a 9 per cent better total life-cycle cost than the closest alternative based on a ten year life-cycle length. The originality of this approach is evident in addressing both quantitative and qualitative facility planning issues such as economical and non-economical aspects, using both LCCA and MCDM methodologies. The approach proposed in this paper is not only valuable in this case study, but it can also be generally applied in other similar decision situations.
Toxicity of cyanuric acid to broilers on hepatic and renal health with and without melamine
Authors: Wang L , Ding X-M , Zhang K-Y , Bai S-P , Wu C-M
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity potential of cyanuric acid (CYA) and a combination of melamine (MEL) and CYA in broilers. A total of 1200 male COBB 500 broilers were randomly allocated into 1 of 10 treatment groups by a 5 × 2 factorial design in a 42-d experiment. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 to T5: basal diets with 0, 10, 20, 33.3, and 50 mg CYA per kg diet; T6 to T10: basal diet with CYA regimens similar to T1 to T5 but with 100 mg MEL per kg diet. There were 6 replication pens with 20 chicks per pen. No differences were observed in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. But on d 22, uric acid (UA) and creatinine (Crea) concentrations were significantly greater when birds were fed CYA at 33.3 mg/kg with MEL 100 mg/kg, and Crea concentration was also higher when birds were fed CYA at 50 mg/kg. No crystals were found in kidneys but dilated renal tubules and small blood vessel expansion were found in kidneys of birds fed CYA at 50 mg/kg and CYA at 33.3 mg/kg with MEL 100 mg/kg. The apoptosis rate (AR) of kidneys of all birds fed CYA and MEL contaminated diets were higher than the control group. These results indicated that the dietary addition of CYA and MEL could induce kidney damage, and the effects were harmful when the ratio of CYA/MEL was 1:3.
Sustaining citizenship: People with dementia and the phenomenon of social death
Authors: Brannelly Tula
Published: September 2011

Social death is apparent when people are considered unworthy of social participation and deemed to be dead when they are alive. Some marginalized groups are more susceptible to this treatment than others, and one such group is people with dementia. Studies into discrimination towards older people are well documented and serve as a source of motivation of older people’s social movements worldwide. Concurrently, theories of ageing and care have been forthcoming in a bid to improve the quality of responses to older people in times of need. Included in this theorizing has been the analysis of values and approaches that paid carers convey to citizens who require their help. In this article, the values and approaches of social workers and mental health nurses bring to people with dementia are considered within the context of social life and social death. It is based on a small study that undertook to critically examine how participation of people with dementia was facilitated. A thanatological lens was used to interpret inclusive and exclusive practices which potentially create opportunity for participation or reinforce the loss of citizenship for older people with dementia.
Cost-competitive places: shifting fortunes and the closure of Dell’s manufacturing facility in Ireland
Authors: Collins Patrick , Grimes Seamus
Published: September 2011

In the early days of 2009 the city of Limerick in the mid-west region of Ireland was dealt a massive blow by the PC manufacturer Dell. After months, if not years, of speculation, the company had finally decided to move all its European manufacturing from Limerick to Lodz in Poland. Among the many reasons cited – from the global economic downturn to a shifting market – cost-competitiveness became the clear determining factor. The media coverage was extensive, with the headline ‘Dell Closes’ bandied about in the national and regional press. Though of little consolation to the 1900 left without a job, the fact remains that Dell has not closed its Limerick operation, where it will continue to employ upwards of 1000 in sales support and research and development. We use the Dell story as an exemplar of the Irish foreign direct investment (FDI) story. Comparing it with other restructurings by foreign-owned technology companies both in Ireland and beyond we will attempt to uncover the complexity of shifting competitiveness and competencies among branches of global operations. Although the case of Dell, among others, may serve to support the political economy view of large multinational corporations, we see the picture as being more complex and rely on literature relating to global production networks (GPNs) in attempting to uncover the shifting spatial dynamics of cost-competitiveness.
A genetic algorithm-based optimization design on self-sensing active constrained layer damped rotating plates
Authors: Xie Zhengchao , Wong Pak Kin , Chong Ian Ian
Published: September 2011

This article investigates the vibration of a rotating constrained layer damped plate system. Although, currently, most existing research utilizes rotating structures as modeled beams, this work, however, models rotating structures as plates with constrained layer damping. Through the models investigated, this article develops a single-layer plate finite element model for a rotating structure to improve in both accuracy and versatility. Concurrently, existing research shows that the damping of the active constrained layer can provide more damping than the damping of the passive constrained layer. Therefore, in this study, the constraining layer is made of piezoelectric material and, thus, will work as both the self-sensing sensor and the actuator. In addition, a proportional control strategy is implemented to effectively control the damping in the rotating plate. Furthermore, due to a large number of design variables in the complex model incorporating viscoelastic damping, this study examines the application of genetic algorithm (GA) in optimizing the first two resonance amplitudes of the driving point mobility at the center of the rotating plate. A GA is applied to simultaneously determine several design parameters that maximize an objective function. Compared with a typical gradient search approach, Quasi-Newton method, GA can be more efficient and effective in finding the optimum configuration with the highest objective function value in the numerical example.
“This is the Best Fatal Illness That You Can Have”
Authors: Moola Fiona J.
Published: September 2011

Despite the important instrumental and emotional role that parents play in the lives of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and congenital heart disease (CHD), qualitative researchers have not examined the similarities and differences between caregivers’ experiences. Informed by thematic analysis, in this qualitative study I explored what it is like to care for a child with a chronic illness from the perspective of CF and CHD parents at a children’s hospital in Canada. Pediatric caregiver stress was qualitatively different between CF and CHD parents, whereas temporal dilemmas were unique sources of stress for CF parents only. To alleviate stress, all parents drew on a three-way, interrelated process to comprehend their child’s illness and acquire perspective. By opening up the social worlds of parents, I illuminate important similarities and differences in the caregiving experience of parents of youth with CF and CHD, and offer novel contributions to the literature.
Living Positively
Authors: Liamputtong Pranee , Haritavorn Niphattra , Kiatying-Angsulee Niyada
Published: September 2011

Living with an incurable illness such as HIV/AIDS is a stressful experience. However, many HIV-positive individuals are able to maintain their emotional well-being. This begs the question of what strategies these individuals employ to allow them to do so. In this article, we examine how Thai women living with HIV/AIDS learned about their health status, what feelings they had, and how they dealt with the illness. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 women in central Thailand. The women adopted several strategies to deal with their HIV status, including taking care of themselves, accepting their own faith, disclosing their HIV status to family, and joining AIDS support groups. These strategies can be situated within the “living positively” discourse, which helped to create a sense of optimism to combat the HIV epidemic among the women. Additionally, the acceptance of their HIV status played an essential role in the meaning-making process because it assisted the women in sustaining the equilibrium of their emotional well-being.
Probable Warfarin and Dapsone Interaction
Authors: Truong Teresa , Haley James
Published: September 2011

We describe a case of a 41-year-old woman who was stable for over a year on 22.5 mg/week of warfarin. At a follow-up visit, her international normalized ratio (INR) was found to be supratherapeutic at 3.9. Her only significant change was acyclovir initiation for shingles, and clindamycin and dapsone for infection on her right foot. An interaction report was run using Micromedex with no interactions reported. Sixteen percent of the weekly dose was held and maintenance dose was continued. Two weeks later, the INR remained supratherapeutic at 4.3, with discontinuation of clindamycin and dapsone, 5 days earlier, as the only change. This time an interaction report was run using Lexi-Comp, which identified an interaction between warfarin and dapsone. The INR has been therapeutic and stable since discontinuation of transient factors. It is hypothesized that warfarin and dapsone compete for binding on the CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes and therefore serum concentration of warfarin was elevated.
“The End of Good Luck’’—Long-Term Survival Without Anticoagulation
Authors: E.Gul Enes , Altunbas Gokhan , Kayrak Mehmet , Ozdemir Kurtulus
Published: September 2011

Long-term anticoagulation in patients with metallic prosthetic valve disease is required according to current guidelines. We describe a patient with a functioning mitral mechanical valve without anticoagulation for 27 years. A 46-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with complains of palpitation. The patient had a mitral valve replacement because of severe mitral stenosis. He discontinued warfarin treatment 1 month after surgery because of the unavailability of this drug in Turkey. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed functioning metalic mitral valve with a mean gradient of 9 mm Hg. Fluoroscopy showed normal excursions of the mechanical mitral valve. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed and revealed fresh thrombus formation in the left atrial appendix. Admission international normalized ration (INR) level was 1.79. Due to the higher INR level and long-term survival, genetic analysis of warfarin polymorphism was performed. There was a homozygous mutation in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) 1173C>T and 1639G>A genotypes. The possible explanations of long-term survival and baseline higher INR level were linked to the mutation in warfarin metabolism. We also briefly review the literature.
The Relationships of Perpetrator and Victim Substance Use to the Sexual Aggression of Rapists and Child Molesters
Authors: Hamdi Nayla R. , Knight Raymond A.
Published: September 2011

Objective: This study investigated substance use in rape and child molestation. We hypothesized that perpetrator substance use would be associated with a greater increase in rapists’ aggression in sexual crimes compared with that of child molesters. We also predicted that victim substance use would be negatively related to both rapists and child molesters’ aggression in sexual crimes. Method: The sample included 245 male rapists and 273 male child molesters who had been evaluated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) between 1959 and 1991 for potential civil commitment. Data were obtained from offenders’ archival records and were coded by trained research assistants on perpetrator and victim substance use and perpetrator aggression in sexual crimes. Results: Analyses showed that the magnitude of the positive association between perpetrator alcohol use and aggression in sexual crimes did not differ between rapists and child molesters. In contrast, perpetrator drug use was associated with increased aggression among child molesters only. Victim substance use was related to increased aggression among rapists only. Conclusions: The results indicate that victim substance use and perpetrator drug use, but not perpetrator alcohol use, are differentially related to the aggression of rapists and child molesters in sexual crimes. Those findings imply that substance use may play different roles depending on offender type.
The Impact of a School Garden and Cooking Program on Boys’ and Girls’ Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Taste Rating, and Intake
Authors: Jaenke Rachael L. , Collins Clare E. , Morgan Philip J. , Lubans David R. , Saunders Kristen L. , Warren Janet M.
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact of a school garden and nutrition curriculum on fruit and vegetable intake, willingness to taste, and taste ratings in 127 children (11 to 12 years, 54% boys) in regional New South Wales, Australia. Classes were assigned to wait-list control, nutrition education only (NE), or nutrition education plus garden (NE + G) groups. Carrot taste rating was the only vegetable for which there was a significant gender difference, with girls rating it more highly ( p = .04). There were no significant gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption or willingness to taste scores for any other vegetables. There was a group effect ( p < .001) for overall willingness to taste, overall taste rating, and the taste rating of pea and broccoli ( p < .001), tomato ( p = .03), and lettuce ( p = .02). In the post hoc analysis by gender, both boys and girls in NE + G and NE groups were more willing to taste vegetables compared with control boys and girls postintervention ( p < .001, p = .02). Boys in the NE + G group were more willing to taste all vegetables overall compared with NE boys at posttest ( p = .05) and this approached significance for girls ( p = .07). For overall tasting scores, a group effect was seen in girls only ( p = .05). No significant treatment-time effect was found for vegetable intake in either gender. Further research is needed to examine whether a school garden, with or without school curriculum components, can be used to optimize fruit and vegetable intakes, particularly in boys.
Improvement of thermo-mechanical properties of transversely flexible sandwich panels by functionally graded skins
Authors: Sadighi M. , Benvidi MH , Eslami MR
Published: September 2011

In this article bending response of the sandwich panel with functionally graded (FG) skins under thermal and/or mechanical loading is studied. Higher order sandwich plate theory has been exploited. In addition, by using Fourier conduction equation and obtaining temperature distribution, thermo-elastic behavior of such structure is investigated. Comparison between the results of analytical and FEM solutions is indicative of robustness of the analytical solution for prediction of in-plane and out-of-plane stresses. It is shown a wise selection for FG skin materials is helpful to have better conditions under thermo-mechanical loading and to decrease the delamination failure possibility.
Connecting Worlds
Authors: Swart Juani , van den Hooff Bart , van Baalen Peter
Published: September 2011

The focus of this Special Issue addresses cross-boundary issues by taking a closer look at how learning connects various different spaces. This develops our understanding of `how learning takes place across boundaries’ and is highly relevant to organizations operate in highly distributed networks, encompassing dispersed geographical regions, partners, suppliers, regulators and customers. The particular themes which the papers address pertain to the properties of boundaries across which learning may take place, i.e. geographical, knowledge, organizational and temporal boundaries. We also pay attention to the way in which entities connect across these boundaries, i.e., the means for interaction via structures, socio-psychological processes and technology. Finally we consider the most appropriate unit of analysis via which we should study cross-boundary learning processes in order to connect our worlds.
Evaluation of lubricant carrier coatings for bulk metal forming of steel at temperatures between 250 °C and 500 °C using the double-cup-extrusion-test
Authors: Mletzko C , Liewald M , Felde A
Published: September 2011

For various reasons, manufacturers of cold-forged steel parts are becoming increasingly interested in forming at elevated temperatures below 500 °C. The objective of this study, published by the Institute for Metal Forming Technology (IFU) of the University of Stuttgart, is to evaluate the capability of various phosphate coatings in combination with MoS2 lubrication for extrusion processes of steel parts at elevated temperatures; it emphasizes the temperature range between 250 °C and 500 °C. Temperature resistance and the lubricating effect of the tested lubrication systems were examined using the double-cup-extrusion-test. Additionally, friction factors were calculated by comparing the test results with finite-element analysis.
Flexible lubrication concept. The future of cold rolling lubrication
Authors: Laugier M , Tornicelli M , Leligois C S , Bouquegneau D , Launet D , Alvarez J A
Published: September 2011

For cold rolling systems, in particular for tandem mills that are the major form of the process, conventional lubrication processes appear to have reached their limits. This paper proposes a new advanced lubrication concept called flexible lubrication which adjusts the friction levels at the three process time scales: the rolling campaign, the local scale (coil to coil), and the transient stages within two coils. The proposed approach is expected to increase roll campaign length, energy saving, mill capacity, and flexibility of production programming while at the same time avoiding the detrimental effects created by uncontrolled friction variations such as sudden increases in rolling force and chattering. Showing the conventional lubrication limits through a deep production analysis, this paper is then concerned with the study of the flexible lubrication concept at the laboratory scale and finally, initial results obtained in the first industrial application of this procedure are also reported.
Research directions in data wrangling: Visualizations and transformations for usable and credible data
Authors: Kandel Sean , Heer Jeffrey , Plaisant Catherine , Kennedy Jessie , van Ham Frank , Riche Nathalie Henry , Weaver Chris , Lee Bongshin , Brodbeck Dominique , Buono Paolo
Published: September 2011

In spite of advances in technologies for working with data, analysts still spend an inordinate amount of time diagnosing data quality issues and manipulating data into a usable form. This process of ‘data wrangling’ often constitutes the most tedious and time-consuming aspect of analysis. Though data cleaning and integration arelongstanding issues in the database community, relatively little research has explored how interactive visualization can advance the state of the art. In this article, we review the challenges and opportunities associated with addressing data quality issues. We argue that analysts might more effectively wrangle data through new interactive systems that integrate data verification, transformation, and visualization. We identify a number of outstanding research questions, including how appropriate visual encodings can facilitate apprehension of missing data, discrepant values, and uncertainty; how interactive visualizations might facilitate data transform specification; and how recorded provenance and social interaction might enable wider reuse, verification, and modification of data transformations.
On the role of design in information visualization
Authors: Moere Andrew Vande , Purchase Helen
Published: September 2011

Every information visualization developer is engaged in a complex process of design – balancing the three requirements of utility, soundness and attractiveness within given constraints. This paper investigates the oft-overlooked requirement of attractiveness (or ‘aesthetics’) in visualization, and, in doing so, discusses a wider role for the design process which emphasizes the benefits of disseminating design rationale. In presenting a model of three potential roles for design in information visualization, we suggest that the field would benefit from encompassing a broader scope that includes visualizations produced as part of commercial practice or artistic exploration. We conclude with a discussion on the practical consequences to the academic community of adopting our model – consequences that will require a paradigm shift in the way we value, teach and conduct information visualization research.
What Is Right With Scully Estimates of a Player’s Marginal Revenue Product
Authors: Bradbury John Charles
Published: September 2011

Krautmann contends that Scully’s method for estimating the marginal revenue products of baseball players using team revenues is flawed. Krautmann suggests an alternate method that uses free-agent salaries to impute players' revenue contributions. The Scully method has its weaknesses; however, its flaws are not as serious as Krautmann claims. Though Krautmann’s free market returns method offers a useful approach for estimating players' marginal revenue products, it suffers from deficiencies that the Scully method avoids; thus, it is not necessarily superior to revenue-based estimates.
The BP Disaster as an Exxon Valdez Rerun
Authors: Ritchie Liesel Ashley , Gill Duane A. , Picou J. Steven
Published: September 2011

While scenes from the 2010 BP oil spill may no longer linger on TV, past experience teaches that its environmental and human traumas have only just begun. This article explores the social dimensions of disaster and recovery.
Inside the Wisconsin Occupation
Authors: Acar Taylan , Chiles Robert , Grainger Garrett , Luft Aliza , Mahajan Rahul , Peschanski João , Schelly Chelsea , Turowetz Jason , Wall Ian F.
Published: September 2011

Wisconsin's Governor Scott Walker's "Budget Repair Bill" prompted shock—and a large, coordinated response. The authors offer an insider's perspective of a social movement for democratic rights, "Wisconsin-style."
Korean Multiculturalism and the Marriage Squeeze
Authors: Park Sangyoub
Published: September 2011

An imbalanced sex ratio in the 1970s and 1980s has led South Korean men to seek wives abroad. Though a solution to one problem, this spike in interracial marriage has posed new social conundrums for the formerly homogenous society.
Let My People Go
Authors: Kelner Shaul
Published: September 2011

The successful, three-decade-long campaign to free the Soviet Jewry, found its strength in effectively blurring the boundaries among secular and religious acts, symbols, and space.
Book Review: My Hollywood and the Nanny Book Phenomenon
Authors: Nelson Margaret K.
Published: September 2011

By and large, the recent crop of nanny-tales ignores the realities of childcare workers (and their employers), relying instead on messages of racial and cultural superiority and assurances that money cannot buy happiness.
Banal Nationalism
Authors: Wade Lisa
Published: September 2011

Subtle or overt, popular imagery and language serve as daily reminders of our nationality, a sentiment that can be easily politicized.
The Irony of Understanding
Authors: Howey Keith A.
Published: September 2011

A veteran reflects on the circumstances that have caused his own path to diverge so widely from that of another brother-in-arms.
A Mixed Methods Sampling Methodology for a Multisite Case Study
Authors: Sharp Julia L. , Mobley Catherine , Hammond Cathy , Withington Cairen , Drew Sam , Stringfield Sam , Stipanovic Natalie
Published: September 2011

The flexibility of mixed methods research strategies makes such approaches especially suitable for multisite case studies. Yet the utilization of mixed methods to select sites for these studies is rarely reported. The authors describe their pragmatic mixed methods approach to select a sample for their multisite mixed methods case study of a statewide education policy initiative in the United States. The authors designed a four-stage sequential mixed methods site selection strategy to select eight sites in order to capture the broader context of the research, as well as any contextual nuances that shape policy implementation. The authors anticipate that their experience would provide guidance to other mixed methods researchers seeking to maximize the rigor of their multisite case study sampling designs.
Brief Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Leads to Rapid Diabetes Improvements
Authors: Pells Jennifer J. , Stout Anna L. , Rodriguez-Diaz Michelle M. , Quigley Chandra A. , Musante Gerard J.
Published: September 2011

This prospective study examined the immediate health benefits associated with participation in a brief intensive behavioral weight and diabetes management program for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Participants were 55 adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity (mean BMI = 44.5) who completed a 4-week residential treatment program. Pretreatment and posttreatment weight, fasting glucose, lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and diabetes medications were evaluated. Treatment effects were also examined by pretreatment HbA1c levels (HbA1c ≤ 7% vs. HbA1c > 7%). Significant reductions in average weight (283 to 267 lb), fasting glucose (143.2 mg/dL to 118.3 mg/dL), lipids, and HbA1c (7.5% to 6.9%) were observed after 4 weeks of treatment. Results were clinically meaningful, evidenced by mean body weight reductions, and HbA1c reductions, and mean posttreatment glucose and lipid levels being in the normal range. Nearly two thirds of participants significantly reduced or eliminated at least 1 diabetes medication. Participants having higher pretreatment HbA1c achieved greater reductions in glucose, HbA1c, and lipids. The 4-week behavioral weight and diabetes management program yielded significant weight and health improvements. This is one of the first studies to report rapid and significant HbA1c changes as a result of following moderate nutrition and physical activity guidelines while receiving diabetes management and weight loss psychoeducation.