bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing extreme and oppressive heat waves in Illinois
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Schoof Justin T.
Published: November 2016

Heat waves are characteristic features of summertime climate in the Midwest United States and can have significant agricultural, hydrological, and societal impacts. Historically, heat waves in the Midwest state of Illinois have been either extreme (high temperature and low humidity) or oppressive (high temperature and high humidity) in nature, but our knowledge of the factors determining which heat wave type occurs is limited. We use self‐organizing maps to classify synoptic‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with oppressive and extreme heat events and analysis of variance to evaluate the atmospheric and land surface features responsible for differences in humidity that characterize the two. We find that the majority of extreme and oppressive heat events are associated with similar synoptic‐scale atmospheric conditions. Additionally, both locally evaporated moisture and advected moisture sources were important for determining which of the two heat wave types occurred. Specifically, oppressive heat waves were characterized by abundant antecedent precipitation, surplus soil moisture, and elevated evapotranspiration and related atmospheric humidity. Lower humidity levels during extreme heat wave events were driven by relative reductions in evapotranspiration due to limited soil water content. Overall, our results suggest that the onset of heat waves in Illinois is primarily driven by circulation features in the upper atmosphere; however, the distinction of extreme or oppressive heat wave is due to differences in boundary layer humidity, driven in part by land surface moisture availability for evapotranspiration.
Central role of PI3K–SYK interaction in fibrinogen‐induced lamellipodia and filopodia formation in platelets
Authors: Singh Raghvendra
Published: November 2016

The WAVE complex‐1, a complex of WAVE, Abi1, NAP1, PIR121, HSPC300, RacGTP and Arp2/3 proteins, and WASP complex‐1, a complex of WASP, Cdc42, PIP2, and Arp2/3 proteins, are involved in lamellipodia and filopodia formation, respectively. It is known that the two complexes have opposite dynamics. Furthermore, Rac has two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Vav and Sos, whose role in activating Rac is not well understood. In this work, by the construction of signaling network, analysis, and mathematical modeling, I show that Sos generates a pulse of WAVE complex‐1, decreasing the response time of WAVE complex‐1 formation upon the stimulation of platelets by fibrinogen. Furthermore, I also show that the dynamics of WAVE and WASP complexes depends on PI3K–SYK interaction. In the absence of this interaction, the WAVE complex‐1 does not form and the WASP complex‐1 remains at the initial, sustained level. Thus, I show the significance of the two protein/protein complexes: Sos and PI3K–SYK interaction, in fibrinogen‐induced lamellipodia and filopodia formation in platelets.
A General Solvent Selection Strategy for Solution Processed Quantum Dots Targeting High Performance Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Zou Yatao , Ban Muyang , Cui Wei , Huang Qi , Wu Chen , Liu Jiawei , Wu Haihua , Song Tao , Sun Baoquan
Published: November 2016

An all‐solution‐processed quantum dots (QDs) light emitting diode (QLED) consists of different layers deposited from various orthogonal solvents. Here, the authors develop a general solvent selection strategy to obtain orthogonal solubility properties as well as high film quality. It is found that a “poor” QDs film morphology with striation defects often occurs when the QDs film is deposited from “bad” solvent. A physical model is presented to rationalize the observed striation defects, and then a general solvent selection strategy is proposed to prevent both surface striation defects and the dissolving of the underlying layers by carefully choosing the “good” solvent for QDs. A compact QDs film can be fabricated without altering the original morphology of underlying functional layers in a QLED device, leading to significant device performance improvement. An external quantum efficiency of 15.45% is achieved in a green QLED with uniform emitting region. This solvent selection strategy provides a general way to deposit high quality films for most of the solution‐processed multilayer optoelectronic devices.
Patterned SLIPS for the Formation of Arrays of Biofilm Microclusters with Defined Geometries
Authors: Bruchmann Julia , Pini Ivana , Gill Tejeshwar S. , Schwartz Thomas , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: November 2016

Biofilms represent an immense problem in medicine due to their strong drug‐resistant properties and inherent stress‐response activities. Due to the inhomogeneous and very complex architectures of large biofilm aggregates, biofilm studies often suffer from low reproducibility. In this study, an approach to form arrays of homogeneous biofilm microclusters with defined 2D geometries is presented. The method is based on the formation of water‐infused hydrophilic porous polymer areas with precise geometries separated by “slippery” lubricant‐infused porous surface (SLIPS). Due to the SLIPS' biofilm repellent properties, multiple identical 3D biofilm clusters are formed in the hydrophilic patches that can be used for biofilm screening. Formation of biofilm microcluster arrays of different bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the SLIPS micropatterns is investigated. Critical parameters influencing minimal adhesive regions for biofilm attachment and minimal SLIPS dimensions to avoid biofilm adhesion are studied. The ability to produce arrays of biofilm microclusters with highly uniform, well‐defined shapes opens an opportunity to study interactions of biofilms with various medically relevant factors with a better reproducibility and to investigate the complex biofilm architecture, heterogeneity, and interactions between biofilm subpopulations.
Expeditious Synthesis of Functionalized 1‐Arylcyclooctadienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Lithium Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Wandler Angela E. E. , Bräse Stefan
Published: November 2016

The palladium‐catalyzed direct cross‐coupling of aryl bromides and (1Z,5Z)‐cycloocta‐1,5‐dien‐1‐yllithium is described as an important method to synthesize 1‐arylcyclooctadienes. The use of a well‐established Pd2dba3/XPhos catalytic system affords the desired new compounds in good to excellent yields; the reaction proceeds at room temperature with both high efficiency and selectivity. Finally we found the best conditions to combine a suitable lithium‐halogen exchange with a cross‐coupling reaction.

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Catching Elusive 2‐Furyl Carbenes with Silanes: A Metal‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Silicon‐Hydrogen Bond Functionalization
Authors: González‐Pelayo Silvia , López Luis A.
Published: November 2016

An efficient, metal‐free, silicon–hydrogen bond functionalization based on the microwave‐assisted reaction of readily available enynones and silanes is reported. This process seemingly proceeds through a 2‐furyl carbene species, a particularly elusive intermediate. Preliminary studies on the metal‐free oxygen–hydrogen and nitrogen–hydrogen bond functionalization of representative alcohols, azoles and sulfonamides are also provided.

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Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Provides New Insights into Chromophore Structure in Phytochrome Photoreceptors
Authors: Stöppler Daniel , Song Chen , van Rossum Barth‐Jan , Geiger Michel‐Andreas , Lang Christina , Mroginski Maria‐Andrea , Jagtap Anil Pandurang , Sigurdsson Snorri Th. , Matysik Jörg , Hughes Jon , Oschkinat Hartmut
Published: November 2016

Phytochromes are red/far‐red photochromic photoreceptors acting as master regulators of development in higher plants, thereby controlling transcription of about 20 % of their genes. Light‐induced isomerization of the bilin chromophore leads to large rearrangements in protein structure, whereby the role of protonation dynamics and charge distribution is of particular interest. To help unravel the inherent mechanisms, we present two‐dimensional dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced solid‐state magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of the functional sensory module of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1. To this end, the pyrrole ring nitrogen signals were assigned unequivocally, enabling us to locate the positive charge of the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore. To help analyze proton exchange pathways, the proximity of PCB ring nitrogen atoms and functionally relevant H2O molecules was also determined. Our study demonstrates the value of DNP in biological solid‐state MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Metal‐Free Enantioselective Oxidative Arylation of Alkenes: Hypervalent‐Iodine‐Promoted Oxidative C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Shimogaki Mio , Fujita Morifumi , Sugimura Takashi
Published: November 2016

The enantioselective oxyarylation of (E)‐6‐aryl‐1‐silyloxylhex‐3‐ene was achieved using a lactate‐based chiral hypervalent iodine(III) reagent in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The silyl ether promotes the oxidative cyclization, and enhances the enantioselectivity. In addition, the corresponding aminoarylation was achieved.
Template‐Free Supracolloidal Self‐Assembly of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters: From 2D Colloidal Crystals to Spherical Capsids
Authors: Nonappa  , Lahtinen Tanja , Haataja Johannes. S. , Tero Tiia‐Riikka , Häkkinen Hannu , Ikkala Olli
Published: November 2016

We report supracolloidal self‐assembly of atomically precise and strictly monodisperse gold nanoclusters involving p‐mercaptobenzoic acid ligands (Au102‐pMBA44) under aqueous conditions into hexagonally packed monolayer‐thick two‐dimensional facetted colloidal crystals (thickness 2.7 nm) and their bending to closed shells leading to spherical capsids (d ca. 200 nm), as controlled by solvent conditions. The 2D colloidal assembly is driven in template‐free manner by the spontaneous patchiness of the pMBA ligands around the Au102‐pMBA44 nanoclusters preferably towards equatorial plane, thus promoting inter‐nanocluster hydrogen bonds and high packing to planar sheets. More generally, the findings encourage to explore atomically precise nanoclusters towards highly controlled colloidal self‐assemblies.
Investigation on miscibility behaviors of elastin‐like polypentapeptide blends with polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous and solid state
Authors: Mahesh B. , Nanjundaswamy G. S. , Channe Gowda D. , Siddaramaiah
Published: November 2016

The polypentapeptide of elastin, poly(GVGVP) has shown remarkable properties and have great potential for biomedical applications. To explore its applications further, the miscibility behaviors of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(GVGVP) blends have been explored in a very broad composition range. The miscibility behaviors of these blends have been investigated in both solution and solid state using various analytical techniques, including ultrasonic velocity, density, refractive index (RI) and viscosity techniques at 25  °C. The results confirmed the miscibility of the blend up to 40% of the polypeptide. This was further supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44624.
Macroporous hydrogels based on chitosan derivatives: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Demina Tatiana S. , Zaytseva‐Zotova Daria S. , Akopova Tatiana A. , Zelenetskii Alexander N. , Markvicheva Elena A.
Published: November 2016

Chitosan‐based hydrogels are considered as promising biomaterials for tissue engineering. Biological properties of chitosan could be significantly improved by modification of its chemical structure. This study was aimed at characterizing macroporous hydrogels fabricated by freeze‐drying technique from chitosan, which has been N‐acetylated by 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid or l,d‐lactide. The nature of the acetylated agent was shown to significantly affect hydrogels morphology, swelling behavior, zeta‐potential, and protein sorption as well as their degradation by lysozyme. According to scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the hydrogels possessed interconnected macroporous network that facilitated cells penetration into the interior regions of the hydrogel. Chemical modification of chitosan significantly influenced L929 cell growth behavior on hydrogel compared to the non‐modified chitosan. The proposed chemical strategy for modification of chitosan could be considered as promising approach for improvement of chitosan hydrogels. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44651.
Synthesis of tris(2‐hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate homopolymer and its application in intumescent flame retarded polypropylene
Authors: Gao Shang , Zhao Xuan , Liu Gousheng
Published: November 2016

A macromolecular homopolymer (named as Homo‐THEIC) was synthesized through self‐etherification of tris(2‐hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) molecules and used as charring agent. Its chemical structure was characterized by FTIR and 13C‐NMR. The charring agent was mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and applied in flame retarded polypropylene (PP). Results of UL‐94, LOI, and cone calorimeter test showed that the LOI of flame retarded PP can reach 32.8% and UL‐94 V‐0 rating can be achieved at 30 wt % loading. The heat release rate and smoke production rate during the combustion of PP were substantially reduced. TGA results indicated that the synergistic effect between APP and Homo‐THEIC existed and the addition of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) dramatically enhanced the thermal stability of PP. According to the results of TGA, SEM, TG‐FTIR, FTIR, and Raman, the char forming process of IFR can be separated into three stages: the formation of viscous phosphate ester (Tonset−330 °C), the expanding process along with the decomposition of phosphate ester and the release of a large amount of gases (330–480 °C), and the final formation of graphitic‐like char without any expanding feature (480–670 °C). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44663.
Advances in Reconstructing Archaeological Magnetic Signals; an Algorithm for Filtering Noise due to the Ploughing Effect
Authors: Noviello Mariangela , Ciminale Marcello , Del Gaudio Vincenzo , Amoruso Leonardo
Published: November 2016

Archaeological remains are very often buried under uneven soil of agricultural fields crossed by rather parallel furrows and ridges. Consequently, ploughing in a magnetic survey might produce a repetitive, quite regular, linear noise in the data, which could impede optimal recovery of the archaeological magnetic anomalies; depending on the acquisition line orientation, this noise may show as an oblique, vertical or horizontal pattern in the magnetic maps.

Several studies have tested and verified methods for oblique ploughing minimization, but, to our knowledge, no procedures regarding the vertical and horizontal types of noise have been published.

The present research proposes a procedure to filter each type of ploughing effect through an algorithm working in the wavenumber domain. The procedure produces images with a considerable reduction of the noise in any direction, resulting in enhanced visibility and readability of the archaeological anomalies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Heteroaromatic (Aryl)iodonium Imides as I−N Bond‐Containing Hypervalent Iodine
Authors: Ishida Kazuma , Togo Hideo , Moriyama Katsuhiko
Published: November 2016

Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds containing iodine–nitrogen bonds are very attractive amination reagents in organic synthesis. Heteroaromatic (aryl)iodonium imides containing a iodine–nitrogen bond and a hypervalent iodine(III) atom were prepared from heteroarenes, bis(sulfon)imides and (diacetoxyiodo)arenes under mild conditions. These compounds were stable under air and in organic solvents, and could be easily purified by precipitation. X‐ray crystal structure analysis indicated that the structure of N‐pivaloyl indolyl(phenyl)iodonium bis(tosyl)imides and N‐pivaloyl indolyl(2‐butoxyphenyl)iodonium bis(tosyl)imides was a dimer with a T‐shaped geometry at the iodine atom linked to an indole group and a bis(tosyl)imide by a monomer unit. Moreover, the use of substituted iodoarenes facilitated the purification of some of the heteroaromatic (aryl)iodonium imides.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted AuI to AuIII Oxidation in Triazol‐5‐ylidene Complexes
Authors: Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel , Rendón‐Nava David , Alvarez‐Hernández Alejandro , Angeles‐Beltrán Deyanira , Negrón‐Silva Guillermo E. , Suárez‐Castillo Oscar R.
Published: November 2016

Reaction of triazolium precursors [MIC(CH2)n‐ H+]I− (n=1–3) with potassium hexamethyldisilazane (KHMDS) and AuCl(SMe2) generates the gold(I) complexes of the type MIC(CH2)n⋅AuI. Visible light exposure of the latter complexes promotes a spontaneous disproportionation process rendering gold(III) complexes of the type [{MIC(CH2)n}2⋅AuI2]+I−. Both the AuI and AuIII complex series were tested in the catalytic hydrohydrazination of terminal alkynes using hydrazine as nitrogen source.
A simplified procedure for antibody engineering by yeast surface display: Coupling display levels and target binding by ribosomal skipping
Authors: Grzeschik Julius , Hinz Steffen C. , Könning Doreen , Pirzer Thomas , Becker Stefan , Zielonka Stefan , Kolmar Harald
Published: November 2016

Yeast surface display is a valuable, widely used method for protein engineering. However, current yeast display applications rely on the staining of epitope tags in order to verify full‐length presentation of the protein of interest on the cell surface. We aimed at developing a modified yeast display approach that relies on ribosomal skipping, thereby enabling the translation of two proteins from one open reading frame and, in that manner, generating an intracellular fluorescence signal. This improved setup is based on a 2A sequence that is encoded between the protein to be displayed and a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). The intracellular GFP fluorescence signal of yeast cells correlates with full‐length protein presentation and omits the need for the immunofluorescence detection of epitope tags. For method validation, shark‐derived IgNAR variable domains (vNAR) were subjected to affinity maturation using the 2A‐GFP system. Yeast library screening of full‐length vNAR variants which were detected via GFP expression yielded the same high‐affinity binder that had previously been isolated by our group using the conventional epitope tag‐based display format. The presented method obviates the need for additional immunofluorescence cell staining, offering an easy and cost‐friendly alternative to conventional epitope tag detections.
Adolescent response to trauma: The importance of early social and biological influences
Authors: Nugent Nicole R. , Brier Zoe
Published: November 2016

Adolescence represents a developmental period of increased risk for a range of traumatic events, with a number of youth going on to develop stress‐sensitive disorders such as acute stress disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Relative to both adults and children, adolescents are at the greatest risk for experiencing trauma, and prevalence for PTSD among adolescents has been estimated to range from 3% to 57%.
New DSM diagnosis proposed for prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2016

While fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a well‐established diagnosis, children and adolescents who do not have the syndrome but have been affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol may have brain damage resulting in impairments of neurocognition, self‐regulation, and adaptive functioning, according to researchers from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Dissemination of research findings: A critical step
Authors: Fritz Gregory K.
Published: November 2016

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of scientific reports providing evidence for the effectiveness of a variety of mental health treatments for patients of all ages. A thorough review of the literature and the hundreds of well‐designed randomized clinical trials evaluating various interventions could reasonably lead one to the conclusion that this is the golden age of evidence‐based practice. But the sad fact is that only a tiny fraction of these studies actually influence what happens in routine clinical care.
PDE3 inhibition with enoximone as first‐line therapy for severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn during neonatal transport: a case report
Authors: van der Lee Robin , Peels Barbara , Koopman‐Esseboom Corine
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical Message

Severe Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) can be effectively treated with a PDE3 inhibitor as first‐line treatment during neonatal transport when iNO is not readily available. Starting iNO as soon as possible is strongly advised because of the complementary actions of both therapeutics.
Highly Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Cyanoacetamides with Controllable and Chemoselective Mono‐ and Double Substitutions
Authors: Gao Pei‐Sen , Li Ning , Zhang Jin‐Lei , Zhu Zhuang‐Li , Gao Zi‐Wei , Sun Hua‐Ming , Zhang Wei‐Qiang , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: November 2016

The front cover artwork for Issue 22/2016 is provided by Zi‐Wei Gao and Li‐Wen Xu's group of Shaanxi Normal University. The image shows a novel palladium catalyst system combined with a triazine‐modified new phosphine ligand that was developed successfully for the catalytic allylic alkylation of various cyanoacetamides. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601021.
One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepines from N‐Allyl‐2‐bromoanilines
Authors: Weers Marco , Lühning Lars H. , Lührs Vanessa , Brahms Christian , Doye Sven
Published: November 2016

A new one‐pot procedure that includes an initial titanium‐catalyzed intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation of N‐allyl‐2‐bromoanilines with N‐methylanilines and a subsequent intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig amination directly gives access to pharmacologically relevant 1,5‐benzodiazepines. The process takes advantage of the excellent regioselectivity of the initial hydroaminoalkylation performed in the presence of a titanium mono(formamidinate) catalyst and the fact that the exclusively formed branched hydroaminoalkylation products can only undergo palladium‐catalyzed cyclization to 1,5‐benzodiazepines.
Bifunctional Molecular Photoswitches Based on Overcrowded Alkenes for Dynamic Control of Catalytic Activity in Michael Addition Reactions
Authors: Pizzolato Stefano F. , Collins Beatrice S. L. , van Leeuwen Thomas , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2016

The emerging field of artificial photoswitchable catalysis has recently shown striking examples of functional light‐responsive systems allowing for dynamic control of activity and selectivity in organocatalysis and metal‐catalysed transformations. While our group has already disclosed systems featuring first generation molecular motors as the switchable central core, a design based on second generation molecular motors is lacking. Here, the syntheses of two bifunctionalised molecular switches based on a photoresponsive tetrasubstituted alkene core are reported. They feature a thiourea substituent as hydrogen‐donor moiety in the upper half and a basic dimethylamine group in the lower half. This combination of functional groups offers the possibility for application of these molecules in photoswitchable catalytic processes. The light‐responsive central cores were synthesized by a Barton–Kellogg coupling of the prefunctionalized upper and lower halves. Derivatization using Buchwald–Hartwig amination and subsequent introduction of the thiourea substituent afforded the target compounds. Control of catalytic activity in the Michael addition reaction between (E)‐3‐bromo‐β‐nitrostyrene and 2,4‐pentanedione is achieved upon irradiation of stable‐(E) and stable‐(Z) isomers of the bifunctional catalyst 1. Both isomers display a decrease in catalytic activity upon irradiation to the metastable state, providing systems with the potential to be applied as ON/OFF catalytic photoswitches.
Findung und Charakterisierung von Adsorbentien zur CO2‐Adsorption aus feuchten Gasströmen
Authors: Fickinger Daniel , Castro‐Gonzales Lenny , Kimmerle Klaus , Schippert Egbert
Published: November 2016

Mittels Literaturrecherche wurden Adsorbentien identifiziert, die zur physikalischen Adsorption von anthropogenem CO2 aus feuchten Gasströmen geeignet sind. Amindotierte, Silica‐basierte Adsorbentien waren am besten geeignet. Durchbruchskurven von CO2 und Wasserdampf im Gemisch an diesen wurden gemessen. Das amindotierte Silicagel Tri‐PE‐MCM‐41 zeigte sehr gute Eigenschaften bzgl. der CO2‐Adsorption aus feuchter Luft. Die thermodynamische Auswertung der Reinstoffadsorption von CO2 mittels des ALIc‐Modells zeigt, dass die stärksten Bindungskräfte zwischen Adsorbens und CO2‐Molekül in Tri‐PE‐MCM‐41 vorliegen.
Impact of prior permanent pacemaker on long‐term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Li Yan‐Jie , Zhang Wei‐Wei , Yang Xiao‐Xiao , Li Ning , Qiu Xing‐Biao , Qu Xin‐Kai , Fang Wei‐Yi , Yang Yi‐Qing , Li Ruo‐Gu
Published: November 2016

Background

The impact of permanent pacemaker (PPM) on long‐term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been studied.

Hypothesis

PPM may increase heart failure (HF) burden on patients undergoing PCI.

Methods

We recruited consecutive patients undergoing PCI and carried out a nested case–control study. Patients with confirmed PPM undergoing first PCI were identified and matched by age and sex in 1:1 fashion to patients without PPM undergoing first PCI. Clinical data were collected and analyzed. The primary endpoint outcomes were all‐cause mortality and hospitalization for HF.

Results

The final analysis included 156 patients. The mean follow‐up period was 4.6 ± 2.9 years. The overall all‐cause mortality was 21.15%, without significant difference between the 2 groups (21.79% vs 20.51%; P = 0.85). However, the rate of HF‐related hospitalization was significantly higher in patients with PPM than in controls (26.92% vs 10.26%; P = 0.008). After adjustment for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction, brain natriuretic peptide, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), PCI patients with PPM were still associated with a greater hospitalization rate for HF (odds ratio: 4.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.94‐19.80, P = 0.061). Further analysis in the ACS subgroup showed VVI‐mode pacing enhanced the risk for HF‐associated hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio: 8.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.37‐49.75, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

PPM has no effect on all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing first PCI but significantly increases the HF‐associated hospitalization rate, especially in ACS patients.
Abiological Granular Sludge Formation Benefit for Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment Using Sulfide Precipitation
Authors: Yan Xu , Chai Liyuan , Li Qingzhu , Ye Lijun , Yang Bentao , Wang Qingwei
Published: November 2016

Solid–liquid separation is a fundamental and ubiquitous process in water purification. Previously, an abiological granular sludge (ABGS) formation strategy was developed to improve the solid–liquid separation in heavy metal wastewater treatment. Although this strategy can be effectively applied in hydroxide precipitation, it remains challenging to apply it to other precipitation processes and real wastewater. Here, conditions for ABGS formation in the sulfide precipitation were first optimized. The effect of pH, seed dosage, and flocculant dosage on settling velocity and metal removal was systematically investigated. The results showed that the settling velocity of ABGS reached up to 3.7 cm/s and the volume of ABGS was compressed to one fifth of the original under optimal conditions, that is, pH of 8.5, seeds dosage of 0.25 g/L, and polyacrylamide dosage of 10 mg/L. Moreover, the ABGS formed in the process was analyzed for morphology and phase composition to provide insight into the formation mechanism, involving surface nucleation and aggregation, flocculation, and rearrangement. Under the optimized conditions, real Pb–Zn smelting wastewater was treated. The settling velocity (3.4 cm/s) of ABGS formed in real wastewater was as high as that in synthetic wastewater. Therefore, the ABGS strategy is potential to be scaled up to industrial application.
Carbohydrates and Amino Compounds as Short‐Term Indicators of Soil Management
Authors: Abdelrahman Hamada , Cocozza Claudio , Olk Daniel C. , Ventrella Domenico , Miano Teodoro
Published: November 2016

The objective of this work was to evaluate the suitability of carbohydrates and amino compounds in soil and soil organic matter (SOM) fractions to depict the management‐induced changes in soil over short‐term course. Soil samples were collected from two experimental fields managed according to organic farming regulations and a sequential fractionation procedure was applied to separate the light fraction (LF), particulate organic matter (POM), and mobile humic acid (MHA). Contents of carbohydrates and amino compounds were determined in soil and correspondent SOM fractions. Over a 2‐year course, carbohydrate contents decreased in the LF fraction while it increased noticeably in the POM and slightly in the MHA fractions leading into questioning whether decomposing materials get incorporated into older fractions. Amino N content constituted up to 30% of total soil N, with a major contribution of the humic fraction (MHA). Although the LF, POM, and MHA fractions showed the greatest amino N content after the compost‐legumes combinations, the carbohydrate and amino N contents in the POM and MHA fractions of the unamended soil increased as large as the corresponding fertilized plots, underlining that conservative soil management results in accumulation of labile forms of soil C and N that consequently might build up soil fertility. The changes after different treatments suggest the suitability of carbohydrates and amino compounds as short‐term indicators for soil management.
Effect of surface chemistry on tropomyosin binding to actin filaments on surfaces
Authors: Nicovich Philip R. , Janco Miro , Sobey Tom , Gajwani Mehul , Obeidy Peyman , Whan Renee , Gaus Katharina , Gunning Peter W. , Coster Adelle CF , Böcking Till
Published: November 2016

Reconstitution of actin filaments on surfaces for observation of filament‐associated protein dynamics by fluorescence microscopy is currently an exciting field in biophysics. Here we examine the effects of attaching actin filaments to surfaces on the binding and dissociation kinetics of a fluorescence‐labeled tropomyosin, a rod‐shaped protein that forms continuous strands wrapping around the actin filament. Two attachment modalities of the actin to the surface are explored: where the actin filament is attached to the surface at multiple points along its length; and where the actin filament is attached at one end and aligned parallel to the surface by buffer flow. To facilitate analysis of actin‐binding protein dynamics, we have developed a software tool for the viewing, tracing and analysis of filaments and co‐localized species in noisy fluorescence timelapse images. Our analysis shows that the interaction of tropomyosin with actin filaments is similar for both attachment modalities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbazole Aminoalcohols Induce Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Human Tumor Cells by Inhibiting Topoisomerase I
Authors: Wang Weisi , Sun Xiao , Sun Deheng , Li Shizhu , Yu Yang , Yang Tingyuan , Yao Junmin , Chen Zhuo , Duan Liping
Published: November 2016

Novel carbazole aminoalcohols were designed and synthesized as anticancer agents. Among them, alkylamine‐chain‐substituted compounds showed the most promising antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values in the single‐digit micromolar range against two human tumor cell lines. Topoisomerase I (topo I) is likely to be one of the targets of these compounds. Results of comet assays and molecular docking indicate that the representative compounds may act as topo I poisons, causing single‐strand DNA damage by stabilizing the topo I–DNA cleavage complex. In particular, the most potent compound, 1‐(butylamino)‐3‐(3,6‐dichloro‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)propan‐2‐ol (6), was shown to be able to induce G2‐phase cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells.
N‐Arylsulfonyl Indolines as Retinoic Acid Receptor‐Related Orphan Receptor γ (RORγ) Agonists
Authors: Doebelin Christelle , Patouret Rémi , Garcia‐Ordonez Ruben D. , Chang Mi Ra , Dharmarajan Venkatasubramanian , Kuruvilla Dana S. , Novick Scott J. , Lin Li , Cameron Michael D. , Griffin Patrick R. , Kamenecka Theodore M.
Published: November 2016

The nuclear retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γ (RORγ; NR1F3) is a key regulator of inflammatory gene programs involved in T helper 17 (TH17) cell proliferation. As such, synthetic small‐molecule repressors (inverse agonists) targeting RORγ have been extensively studied for their potential as therapeutic agents for various autoimmune diseases. Alternatively, enhancing TH17 cell proliferation through activation (agonism) of RORγ may boost an immune response, thereby offering a potentially new approach in cancer immunotherapy. Herein we describe the development of N‐arylsulfonyl indolines as RORγ agonists. Structure–activity studies reveal a critical linker region in these molecules as the major determinant for agonism. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS) analysis of RORγ–ligand complexes help rationalize the observed results.
Can Cystic Fibrosis Patients Finally Catch a Breath With Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor?
Authors: Schneider EK , Reyes‐Ortega F , Li J , Velkov T
Published: November 2016

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life‐limiting disease caused by defective or deficient cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity. The recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of lumacaftor combined with ivacaftor (Orkambi) targets patients with the F508del‐CFTR. The question remains: Is this breakthrough combination therapy the “magic‐bullet” cure for the vast majority of patients with CF? This review covers the contemporary clinical and scientific knowledge‐base for lumacaftor/ivacaftor and highlights the emerging issues from recent conflicting literature reports.
Tilt investigation of In(Al,Ga)As metamorphic buffer layers on GaAs (001) substrate: A novel technique for tilt determination
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Biswas Dhrubes
Published: November 2016

Crystallographic tilt and Surface topography of InGaAs and InAlAs based metamorphic buffer structures on GaAs (001) substrate grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) under varying growth conditions have been investigated. Compressively strained metamorphic buffer layers show anisotropic strain relaxation. A novel tilt determination technique based on X‐ray diffraction has been developed which can separate the effect of anisotropic strain. Tilt has been found to depend on compositional grading scheme, growth temperature and surface irregularities. Samples having random surfaces show smaller tilt than that of samples showing regular cross‐hatch. At higher growth temperature, reduction of tilt has been observed and correlated with thermal activation of otherwise inactive slip systems at low temperature. At low temperature and also for continuously graded samples, reduction of tilt has been observed and correlated with the slower relaxation that provide the opportunity for all the slip systems to participate and compete.
Elimination of Power Overshoot at Bioanode through Assistance Current in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Kim Bongkyu , An Junyeong , Chang In Seop
Published: November 2016

The power overshoot generated by electron depletion in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was characterized in this study. Various causes of power overshoot, identified in previous studies, are discussed in terms of their plausible contributions to electron depletion. We found that power overshoot occurred if the anodic overpotential generated by electron depletion exceeded the cathodic overpotential. The introduction of assistance current from anode connections, which ameliorated the electron depletion in the MFCs, immediately eliminated the power overshoot. As a result, if the electron production at the anode exceeded electron reduction at the cathode, a power overshoot was not generated. The results revealed that introducing assistance current supplied from an additional anode to the limited anode eliminated power overshoot. The power overshoot is not generated by kinetic limitation at the cathode; it is only generated by the kinetic limitation at the anode. The mechanism underlying power overshoot should be considered in the design of MFCs to improve reliability, particularly in scaled‐up plant applications. The proposed technique is more practical than previously proposed methods.
A near‐Nyquist rate transmission: A new minimum‐bandwidth direct‐sequence code division multiple access scheme
Authors: Lin Wei‐Lun
Published: November 2016

Bandlimited direct‐sequence code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) attracts much attention for its compact spectrum and the ability to suppress inter‐symbol interference. Among the various bandlimited DS‐CDMA systems available, minimum‐bandwidth DS‐CDMA (MB‐DS‐CDMA) is the only realizable Nyquist rate transmission system. But, MB‐DS‐CDMA only applies to certain kinds of spreading codes. Accordingly, this study proposes a modified DS‐CDMA structure which extends the application of MB‐DS‐CDMA to all common spreading codes at the expense of a negligible reduction in the transmission rate. Additionally, the bit error rate of the proposed schemes adopting either single‐user or multi‐user detection receiver is analyzed and compared with that of the commonly‐used raised‐cosine‐pulsed DS‐CDMA over multipath fading channels. The numerical results show that given a sufficiently large number of users, the bit error rate performance of modified MB‐DS‐CDMA is comparable to that of the raised‐cosine‐pulsed DS‐CDMA scheme; meanwhile, the realizable modified MB‐DS‐CDMA approaches the ultimate transmission rate.
Mating and longevity in ant males
Authors: Metzler Sina , Heinze Jürgen , Schrempf Alexandra
Published: November 2016

Across multicellular organisms, the costs of reproduction and self‐maintenance result in a life history trade‐off between fecundity and longevity. Queens of perennial social Hymenoptera are both highly fertile and long‐lived, and thus, this fundamental trade‐off is lacking. Whether social insect males similarly evade the fecundity/longevity trade‐off remains largely unstudied. Wingless males of the ant genus Cardiocondyla stay in their natal colonies throughout their relatively long lives and mate with multiple female sexuals. Here, we show that Cardiocondyla obscurior males that were allowed to mate with large numbers of female sexuals had a shortened life span compared to males that mated at a low frequency or virgin males. Although frequent mating negatively affects longevity, males clearly benefit from a “live fast, die young strategy” by inseminating as many female sexuals as possible at a cost to their own survival.
PV Power Output Control Improving Transient Stability of Power System with a Large Penetration of PV
Authors: MITSUGI YASUAKI , YOKOYAMA AKIHIKO , YAMADA SEIJI , TANIKAWA TOMOYA
Published: November 2016

Because of energy and environmental policies in the last decade, a lot of photovoltaic (PV) generations have been installed into power systems in Japan in recent years. In this situation, it is of great concern that disconnection of PV due to voltage drop caused by a system fault has a critical impact on power system stability. To avoid its disconnection, Fault Ride Through (FRT) requirement is applied for PVs. In this paper, PV power output control which improves transient stability of the power system with a huge amount of PVs is proposed and its effectiveness is confirmed by the numerical simulations.
Half‐Sandwich Osmium(II) Complexes with Bidentate N,N‐Chelating Ligands and Their Use in the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Gichumbi Joel M. , Omondi Bernard , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: November 2016

The reaction of appropriate N,N‐bidentate ligands with the [(η6‐p‐cymene)Os(µ‐Cl)Cl]2 dimer (p‐cymene = C10H14), followed by metathesis reaction with NH4PF6, gave the new osmium(II) arene complex salts [(η6‐p‐cymene)OsCl(C5H4N‐2‐CH=N–R)]PF6, where [R = tert‐butyl (1), isopropyl (2), 2,6‐dimethylphenyl (3), or 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (4)]. The dimer was also reacted with the N,N′‐bidentate ligands di‐(2‐pyridyl)amine (5), 4‐phenyl‐3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazine (6), 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2, 2′‐bipyridine (7), and 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (8). In addition, the reaction of the precursor [(η6‐C6H6)Os(µ‐Cl)Cl]2 with the N,N′‐bidentate ligands gave [(η6‐C6H6)OsCl(N,N)]2 where N,N = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (9), 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (10), 3,6‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐4‐phenyl pyridazine (11), or di‐(2‐pyridyl)amine (12). The compounds were characterized by using 1H and 13C NMR, UV/Vis, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures for compounds 1, 4, 8, 10, 11, and 12 showed that the osmium(II) complexes adopted the classical three‐legged piano stool geometry. These osmium(II) compounds were found to be effective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones into alcohols with NaOH as base and 2‐propanol as the solvent and hydrogen source. A range of cyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic ketones was studied and good turnover numbers achieved.
An Efficient Catalytic Route for the Synthesis of Silane Coupling Agents Based on the 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyldisiloxane Core
Authors: Januszewski Rafał , Kownacki Ireneusz , Maciejewski Hieronim , Marciniec Bogdan , Szymańska Anna
Published: November 2016

We report herein the study of the selective mono‐functionalization of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) with vinyl‐substituted silicon derivatives through the hydrosilylation reaction. An investigation of the use of platinum‐ and rhodium‐based catalysts in the reactions between TMDSO and exemplary vinyl‐containing silicon derivatives has enabled us to identify the most efficient catalyst, the application of which led to the selective partial functionalization of the disiloxane reagent and the simultaneous formation of only β regioisomers.
Facile Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles through CBr4‐Mediated Tandem Cyclization of Amidines with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds or Ketones
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqiang , Ma Haojie , Shi Chong , Zhang Yixin , Liu XingXing , Huang Guosheng
Published: November 2016

Polysubstituted imidazoles were synthesized in a facile metal‐free CBr4‐mediated tandem cyclization of amidine with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds or ketones. The desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields by using simple operation techniques and mild conditions.
Prevent overload and improve productivity, organization
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2016

If you frequently wonder where the time went, experience information overload, or become sucked into round‐the‐clock emails, then consider taking specific steps to boost your productivity and organization.
SPH simulation of oblique shocks in compressible flows
Authors: Silla Matti , Bertola Volfango
Published: November 2016

The Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to simulate shock waves in inviscid, supersonic (compressible) flow. It is shown for the first time that the fully Lagrangian SPH particle method, without auxiliary grid, can be used to simulate shock waves in compressible flow. The wall boundary condition is treated with ghost particles combined with a suitable repulsive potential function, whilst corners are treated by a novel ‘angle sweep’ technique. The method gives accurate predictions of the flow field and of the shock angle as compared with the analytical solution. The study shows that SPH is a good potential candidate to solve complex aerodynamic problems, including those involving rarefied flows, such as atmospheric re‐entry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted next‐generation sequencing enables reliable detection of HER2 (ERBB2) status in breast cancer and provides ancillary information of clinical relevance
Authors: Pfarr Nicole , Penzel Roland , Endris Volker , Lier Clemens , Flechtenmacher Christa , Volckmar Anna‐Lena , Kirchner Martina , Budczies Jan , Leichsenring Jonas , Herpel Esther , Noske Aurelia , Weichert Wilko , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schirmacher Peter , Sinn Hans‐Peter , Stenzinger Albrecht
Published: November 2016

HER2‐positive breast cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors, which share amplification and overexpression of HER2. In routine diagnostics, the HER2 (ERBB2) status is currently assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Data on targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approaches that could be used to determine the HER2 status are sparse. Employing two breast cancer‐related gene panels, we performed targeted NGS of 41 FFPE breast cancers for which full pathological work‐up including ISH and IHC results was available. Selected cases were analyzed by qPCR. Of the 41 cases, the HER2 status of the 4 HER2‐positive and 6 HER2‐negative tumors was independently detected by our NGS approach achieving a concordance rate of 100%. The remaining 31 cases were equivocal HER2 cases by IHC of which 5 showed amplification of HER2 by ISH. Our NGS approach classified all non‐amplified cases correctly as HER2 negative and corroborated all but one of the 5 cases with amplified HER2 as detected by ISH. For the overall cohort, concordance between the gold standard and NGS was 97.6% (sensitivity 88.9% and specificity 100%). Additionally, we observed mutations in PIK3CA (44%), HER2 (8%), and CDH1 (6%) among others. Amplifications were found in CCND1 (12%), followed by MYC (10%) and EGFR (2%) and deletions in CDKN2A (10%), MAP2K4 and PIK3R1 (2% each). We here show that targeted NGS data can be used to interrogate the HER2 status with high specificity and high concordance with gold standard methods. Moreover, this approach identifies additional genetic events that may be clinically exploitable. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.