bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infection with Opportunistic Bacteria Triggers Severe Pulmonary Inflammation in Lupus-Prone Mice
Authors: Li Wenchao , Chen Weiwei , Huang Saisai , Tang Xiaojun , Yao Genhong , Sun Lingyun
Published: September 2019

Infection is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). How the underlying immune dysfunctions affect the antimicrobial immunity remains largely unknown. In the present study, employing the pulmonary infection model, we determined the antimicrobial defence of lupus-prone mice. After infecting with opportunistic bacteriumHaemophilus influenzae(Hi), lupus-prone mice (B6/lpr) exhibited inefficient bacterial elimination and recovered slowly. They generated severer inflammation at the early stage of infection, as excessive accumulation of neutrophils and enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in the lung. In addition, a large number of apoptotic cells were detected in the lungs of B6/lpr mice. For adaptive immune responses, B6/lpr mice were capable to generate enough protective Hi-specific Th17 cells. They evoked stronger Hi-specificγδT17 response in both lungs and spleens. Unexpectedly, both CD4 andγδT cells from lupus-prone mice showed deficiency in IFN-γproduction. For humoral immune responses, compared with those of WT mice, the concentrations of Hi-specific IgA, IgM, and IgG, especially IgG, were significantly higher in the B6/lpr mice. Our findings suggest that lupus mice are capable to generate antibacterial immune responses; however, the overwhelming inflammation and overactivated immune responses increase the severity of infection.
Impact of a Supervised Twelve-Week Combined Physical Training Program in Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Fabri Tainá , Catai Aparecida Maria , Ribeiro Fábio H. O. , Junior Jonas A. Araújo , Milan-Mattos Juliana , Rossi Danielle A. A. , Coneglian Regina C. , Borra Ricardo C. , Bazan Silmeia Garcia Zanati , Hueb João Carlos , Matsubara Beatriz Bojikian , Roscani Meliza Goi
Published: September 2019

Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supervised combined physical training and unsupervised physician-prescribed regular exercise on the functional capacity and quality of life of heart failure patients. Methods. This is a longitudinal prospective study composed of 28 consecutive heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients randomly divided into two age- and gender-matched groups: trained group (n = 17) and nontrained group (n = 11). All patients were submitted to clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiography, the Cooper walk test, and a Quality of Life questionnaire before and after a 12-week study protocol. Categorical variables were expressed as proportions and compared with the chi-square test. Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare the continuous variables considering the cofactor groups and time of intervention, and Pearson correlation tests were conducted for the associations in the same group. Results. No significant differences between groups were found at baseline. At the end of the protocol, there were improvements in the functional capacity and ejection fraction of the trained group in relation to the nontrained group (p<0.05). There was time and group interaction for improvement in the quality of life in the trained group. Conclusions. In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, supervised combined physical training improved exercise tolerance and quality of life compared with the unsupervised regular exercise prescribed in routine medical consultations. Left ventricular systolic function was improved with supervised physical training.
Analytical Solutions for Non‐Darcy Transient Flow with the Threshold Pressure Gradient in Multiple‐Porosity Media
Authors: Luo Erhui , Wang Xiaodong , Hu Yongle , Wang Jianjun , Liu Li
Published: September 2019

Low‐velocity non‐Darcy flow can be described by using the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) in low‐permeability porous media. The existence of the TPG yields a moving boundary so that fluid starts to flow inside this boundary when the pressure gradient overcomes the viscous forces, and beyond this boundary, there will be no flow. A mathematical model of considering the TPG is developed to describe the flow mechanism in multiple‐porosity media. By defining new dimensionless variables, the nonlinear mathematical model can be solved analytically. This new approach has been validated with several approximate formulas and numerical tools. The diffusion of the moving boundary varying with time is analyzed in detail in multiple‐porosity media, and then the effect of the moving boundary on pressure transient response is investigated and compared with that of the traditional three boundary types (closed boundary, infinite‐pressure boundary, and constant‐pressure boundary). Sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of the TPG on pressure and pressure derivative curves and rate decline curves for single‐porosity media, dual‐porosity media, and triple‐porosity media, respectively. The results show that the moving boundary exerts a significant influence on reservoir performance at a relatively early time, unlike the other three boundary types, and only a boundary‐dominated effect at the late time. The larger the threshold pressure gradient, the smaller the diffusion distance of the moving boundary and the rate of this well at a given dimensionless time. At the same time, the pressure transient response exhibits a higher upward trend because of a larger TPG. All behavior response might be explained by more pressure drop consumed in low‐permeability reservoirs. The finding is helpful to understand the performance of low‐permeability multiple‐porosity media and guide the reasonable development of low‐permeability reservoirs.
Modulation of Cognition: The Role of Gnidia glauca on Spatial Learning and Memory Retention in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Arika Wycliffe Makori , Kibiti Cromwell Mwiti , Njagi Joan Murugi , Ngugi Mathew Piero
Published: September 2019

Chronic exposures to high-fat diets are linked to neuropathological changes that culminate in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction and brain alteration. Learning, memory performance, and executive function are the main domains affected by an obesogenic diet. There are limited effective therapies for addressing cognitive deficits. Thus, it is important to identify additional and alternative therapies. In African traditional medicine, Gnidia glauca has putative efficacy in the management of obesity and associated complications. The use of Gnidia glauca is largely based on its long-term traditional use. Its therapeutic application has not been accompanied by sufficient scientific evaluation to validate its use. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the modulatory effects of dichloromethane leaf extracts of Gnidia glauca on cognitive function in the high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. Obesity was induced by feeding the rats with prepared HFD and water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The in vivo antiobesity effects were determined by oral administration of G. glauca at dosage levels of 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg body weight in HFD-induced obese rats from the 6th to the 12th weeks. The Lee obesity index was used as a diagnostic criterion of obesity. The Morris water maze was employed to test spatial learning and memory retention in rats. The results indicated that Gnidia glauca showed potent antiobesity effects as indicated in the reduction of body weight and obesity index in extract-treated rats. Moreover, Gnidia glauca exhibited cognitive-enhancing effects in obese rats. The positive influences on cognitive functions might be attributed to the extracts’ phytochemicals that have been suggested to confer protection against obesity-induced oxidative damage, reduction of central inflammation, and increased neurogenesis. The therapeutic effects observed suggest that Gnidia glauca might be an alternative to current medications for the symptomatic complications of obesity, such as learning and memory loss. Further studies are therefore needed to establish its toxicity profiles.
Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Is Regulated by Cysteine S-Glutathionylation
Authors: Kukhanova Marina K. , Tunitskaya Vera L. , Smirnova Olga A. , Khomich Olga A. , Zakirova Natalia F. , Ivanova Olga N. , Ziganshin Rustam , Bartosch Birke , Kochetkov Sergey N. , Ivanov Alexander V.
Published: September 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affects expression of genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes. Multiple lines of evidence show that levels of ROS production contribute to the development of various virus-associated pathologies. However, investigation of HCV redox biology so far remained in the paradigm of oxidative stress, whereas no attention was given to the identification of redox switches among viral proteins. Here, we report that one of such redox switches is the NS5B protein that exhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. Treatment of the recombinant protein with reducing agents significantly increases its enzymatic activity. Moreover, we show that the NS5B protein is subjected to S-glutathionylation that affects cysteine residues 89, 140, 170, 223, 274, 521, and either 279 or 295. Substitution of these cysteines except C89 and C223 with serine residues led to the reduction of the RdRp activity of the recombinant protein in a primer-dependent assay. The recombinant protein with a C279S mutation was almost inactive in vitro and could not be activated with reducing agents. In contrast, cysteine substitutions in the NS5B region in the context of a subgenomic replicon displayed opposite effects: most of the mutations enhanced HCV replication. This difference may be explained by the deleterious effect of oxidation of NS5B cysteine residues in liver cells and by the protective role of S-glutathionylation. Based on these data, redox-sensitive posttranslational modifications of HCV NS5B and other proteins merit a more detailed investigation and analysis of their role(s) in the virus life cycle and associated pathogenesis.
Epigenetic Control of Fatty-Acid Metabolism Sustains Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: Affronti Hayley C. , Wellen Kathryn E.
Published: September 2019

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Gimple and colleagues examine superenhancers in glioblastoma and glioma stem cells (GSC), identifying one which promotes expression of ELOVL2, an enzyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis. They find that ELOVL2 products help maintain cell membrane organization and EGFR signaling in GSCs, and that targeting PUFA metabolism along with EGFR offers a potential novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.

See related article by Gimple et al., p. 1248.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Patients with Gastric Superficial Neoplasia and Risk Factors for Multiple Lesions after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in a Western Country
Authors: Brito-Gonçalves Gisela , Libânio Diogo , Marcos Pedro , Pita Inês , Castro Rui , Sá Inês , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro
Published: September 2019

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a treatment for early gastric neoplasms that preserves the stomach. However, the risk of multiple lesions persists. Objectives: To assess clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with early gastric neoplasms in a Western country and evaluate risk factors for multiple gastric lesions, synchronous, or metachronous. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 230 consecutive patients who underwent ESD for primary neoplasms from 2012 to 2017 (median follow-up: 33 months) was assessed to determine the clinicopathologic characteristics and risk factors for multiple lesions. Results: The mean age was 68 years, and 53.9% were male. Current/former smoking status was present in 40.4%, and 29.5% had family history of gastric cancer. A third of the patients had only focal gastric atrophy/metaplasia (operative link on gastritis assessment/operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment [OLGA/OLGIM] I/II; endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia [EGGIM] 1–4). Synchronous and me­tachronous lesions occurred in 14.3 and 8.6% of patients, respectively. There was a trend for higher risk of multiple lesions in smokers and patients with extensive metaplasia (EGGIM >4), but only older age was an independent risk factor (OR 3.30; 95% CI 1.05–10.34). Age >60 years (OR 10.10, 95% CI 1.40–88.04), current/former smoking status (OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.07–12.40), and OLGIM III/IV (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.01–9.36) were independent risk factors for synchronous lesions. No risk factors for metachronous lesions were found. Conclusions: Surveillance limited to patients with advanced stages of gastritis may miss some primary superficial neoplasms. Although older age increases the risk of multiple lesions, no risk factors were found for metachronous lesions. Therefore, endoscopic surveillance after ESD should be done equally in all patients.
Teatro e escravidão
Authors: Faria João Roberto
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal estudar o papel desempenhado pelo Conservatório Dramático Brasileiro no julgamento de peças teatrais, brasileiras ou estrangeiras, que abordaram o tema da escravidão, principalmente entre 1843 e 1864. A análise de diversos pareceres indica que o Conservatório zelava pela manutenção do status quo escravista, proibindo a representação de peças que faziam críticas contundentes ao tráfico de escravos ou à escravidão. Seus membros, com raras exceções, orientavam-se por preconceitos raciais e sociais.
2018, primeiro como farsa, depois como tragédia
Authors: Kon Artur Sartori
Published: September 2019

Com Aos vivos, ciclo de três peças apresentado em três teatros paulistanos durante as eleições presidenciais de 2018, Nuno Ramos buscou refletir sobre a urgente situação política do Brasil contemporâneo escalando atores para reproduzir em tempo real alguns dos principais debates entre os candidatos. A esse material se somavam outros escolhidos pelo artista: uma performer girando continuamente no centro do palco durante toda a primeira peça (Dervixe), trechos de Sófocles na segunda (Antígona) e de Glauber Rocha na parte final (Terra em transe). Nossa reflexão visa, por meio de leituras de teorias contemporâneas sobre o trágico e de apontamentos sobre o tempo presente, ler nessa obra a crônica de uma tragédia anunciada e um possível ponto de partida para se tentar repensar as tarefas e os sentidos da arte diante da grave crise que o país atravessa.
1968 e o processo cultural brasileiro
Authors: Carbone Roberta
Published: September 2019

O período em torno de 1968, que costuma ser, principalmente no campo dos estudos culturais, associado à contracultura, quando não ao desbunde total e geral, foi também quando se viu abrir uma clareira deflagradora de importantes transformações anticapitalistas. Ou como diz Iná Camargo Costa em entrevista publicada nesta edição da revista Aspas: “Em 1968 houve a última grande tentativa mundial de acabar com o capitalismo e foi derrotada.” De acordo com essa perspectiva, procuramos pensar os acontecimentos que marcaram esse emblemático ano, tentando dissipar de nosso horizonte certa tendência à mistificação que paira sobre os fatos e esfumaça sua importância política. Afinal de contas, refletir sobre o impacto da experiência de 1968, que completou cinquenta anos em 2018, no Brasil, significa pensar o movimento da luta armada contra a ditadura, as memoráveis greves operárias de Osasco e Contagem, a passeata conhecida como a dos “Cem Mil” no Rio de Janeiro, a Batalha da Maria Antônia em São Paulo. Internacionalmente, estudantes e trabalhadores desafiavam o poder no Maio francês, a Tchecoslováquia lutava contra o domínio soviético na Primeira de Praga, estudantes protestavam contra a intervenção militar na Universidade Nacional Autônoma, na cidade de Tlatelolco, no México, pessoas de todas as partes do mundo se manifestavam contra a Guerra do Vietnã, os negros estadunidenses defendiam publicamenteos seus direitos e Martin Luther King era assassinado. Ideias e atos revolucionavam o mundo, engendrando os elementos de uma nova sociedade, ao que o sistema capitalista reagiu das formas mais violentas possíveis, como no Brasil, com a decretação do Ato Institucional nº 5, o golpe dentro do golpe, que invalidava todo e qualquer direito constitucional.
A resistência das artistas
Authors: Goes Maria Lívia Nobre
Published: September 2019

As interações entre teatro e luta armada no fim da década de 1960 foram variadas e complexas. Além da presença do tema em espetáculos importantes, houve uma efetiva participação de artistas em organizações clandestinas. Nessa relação, as mulheres tiveram papel decisivo. Este é um mapeamento inicial das variadas formas dessa relação e suas consequências estéticas e culturais, com destaque para um espetáculo teatral pouco conhecido, escrito e encenado por presas políticas no Presídio Tiradentes, que discutia aspectos da própria guerrilha.
Aspectos da escrita cênica de "Roda Viva"
Authors: Hotimsky Nina Nussenzweig
Published: September 2019

A peça Roda Viva, escrita por Chico Buarque de Hollanda e encenada por Zé Celso Martinez Corrêa, estreou no Rio de Janeiro em 1968. A tendência hegemônica da crítica especializada foi contrapor texto e cena, como se a dramaturgia e sua primeira montagem fossem em tudo contrastantes. Este artigo busca explorar uma hipótese diferente: a de que o espetáculo seria resultado de uma coautoria entre o dramaturgo e o encenador. A encenação teria intensificado traços presentes na dramaturgia. Para lidar com essa hipótese, serão analisados alguns aspectos do espetáculo: a hibridez de gênero; a ritualização; a coralização; a erotização; e a referência explícita à fama do próprio dramaturgo (que pode ser associada a tendências da Tropicália).
João das Neves
Authors: Neves João Das
Published: September 2019

Fala originalmente publicada no livro Brecht no Brasil: experiências e influências, organizado por Wolfgang Bader e lançado em 1987 pela editora Paz e Terra, que se encontra hoje esgotado.
A revision of the French Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta), with descriptions of nine new species
Authors: LAVESQUE NICOLAS , HUTCHINGS PAT , DAFFE GULLEMINE , NYGREN ARNE , LONDOÑO-MESA MARIO H.
Published: September 2019

Trichobranchidae from French waters are revised based on material available in French marine stations and newly collected specimens. This research is the first part of the “Spaghetti Project” aiming to revise French species of terebellids and trichobranchids. It confirms the absence of the so-called cosmopolitan species Terebellides stroemii from French waters, and describes eight new species of Terebellides: T. bonifi n. sp., T. ceneresi n. sp., T. europaea n. sp., T. gentili n. sp., T. gralli n. sp., T. lilasae n. sp., T. parapari n. sp. and T. resomari n. sp. and one species of Trichobranchus: T. demontaudouini n. sp. using both morphological and molecular tools. An identification key for all European species of Trichobranchidae is provided.
Lake-Effect Snowbands in Baroclinic Environments
Authors: Eipper Daniel T. , Greybush Steven J. , Young George S. , Saslo Seth , Sikora Todd D. , Clark Richard D.
Published: September 2019

Lake-effect snowstorms are often observed to manifest as dominant bands, commonly produce heavy localized snowfall, and may extend large distances inland, resulting in hazards and high societal impact. Some studies of dominant bands have documented concomitant environmental baroclinity (i.e., baroclinity occurring at a scale larger than the width of the parent lake), but the interaction of this baroclinity with the inland structure of dominant bands has been largely unexplored. In this study, the thermodynamic environment and thermodynamic and kinematic structure of simulated dominant bands are examined using WRF reanalyses at 3-km horizontal resolution and an innovative technique for selecting the most representative member from the WRF ensemble. Three reanalysis periods are selected from the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign, encompassing 185 simulation hours, including 155 h in which dominant bands are identified. Environmental baroclinity is commonly observed during dominant-band periods and occurs in both the north–south and east–west directions. Sources of this baroclinity are identified and discussed. In addition, case studies are conducted for simulation hours featuring weak and strong along-band environmental baroclinity, resulting in weak and strong inland extent, respectively. These contrasting cases offer insight into one mechanism by which along-band environmental baroclinity can influence the inland structure and intensity of dominant bands: in the case with strong environmental baroclinity, inland portions of this band formed under weak instability and therefore exhibit slow overturning, enabling advection far inland under strong winds, whereas the nearshore portion forms under strong instability, and the enhanced overturning eventually leads to the demise of the inland portion of the band.
Is Balaam Also among the Non-Disabled?
Authors: Schipper Jeremy
Published: September 2019

There have been few, if any, exegetically based arguments for why we should interpret biblical characters as non-disabled if the text mentions their involvement in an accident or states that they sustained an injury but does not mention a recovery. Instead, we arrive at such interpretations based on an assumption of non-disability as normative rather than arguments from the text. Using Balaam’s accident in Numbers 22:25 as a test case, this article analyzes the strength of the often unstated reasons for interpreting characters as nondisabled or unimpaired after they experience an accident or injury. We find that these reasons depend more on reading non-disability into the narrative rather on making a textual argument for why we should interpret these characters as unimpaired or nondisabled.
Family Structure and Competing Demands From Aging Parents and Adult Children Among Middle-Aged People in China
Authors: Liu Huijun , Feng Zhixin , Jiang Quanbao , Feldman Marcus William
Published: September 2019

China has experienced the verticalization of family structure. It has changed the support between aging parents and adult children among middle-aged adults who are often in the position of providing support to older and younger generations (sandwiched situation). Using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we studied the support choice of middle-aged people. Results show that middle-aged people who provided support to older generations were also more likely to provide support to younger generations. Couples of whom neither spouse has a brother were less likely to financially support their parents only and provide instrumental support to their children only than couples of whom both spouses have brothers. Couples of whom one spouse has a brother were more likely to favor their children financially than couples of whom both spouses have brothers. These imply that sandwiched situation is harder to balance through family solidarity.
Characteristics of Bullies and Victims among Students with Emotional Disturbance Attending Approved Private Special Education Schools
Authors: Carran Deborah T. , Kellner Millicent H.
Published: September 2019

The goal of this study was to describe rates and types of bullying and victimization among 407 students with emotional disturbance (ED) in grades 6 through 10 attending private approved special education schools in New Jersey. These students anonymously completed the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire. Results indicated that compared with a general U.S. population of typical students, fewer students in this sample with ED engaged in bullying behavior and did so at lower intensity, and boys and girls with ED engaged in similar levels of bullying behavior. In contrast to a general U.S. population, more female students with ED in this subpopulation sample were victims compared with boys and, for both sexes, the types of victimization tended to be direct verbal or indirect. Students with ED in this sample responded to bullying by reporting to authority figures. Limitations and recommendations for future research are addressed.
Problems Related to Underservice: A Rejoinder
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Simpson Richard L. , Mock Devery R.
Published: September 2019

Objective data provide overwhelming evidence that children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) are underidentified and underserved. This was the central argument in our November 2007 Forum article to which Harry, Hart, Klingner, Cramer, and Sturges responded. In this rejoinder, we continue to assert the dramatic need to offer appropriate educational services to all children with EBD independent of their personal identity and characteristics. Although we identify areas of agreement with Harry et al., we challenge many of their assertions related to our article and continue to affirm that underservice of learners with EBD is the greatest challenge.
Elevated proportion of collapsed microvessels indicate poor survival outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tong Ying-hui , He Ying , Hu Lu-ying , Liu Yu-jia , Zheng Xiao-wei , Sun Jiao , Song Yu , Zhang Yi-wen , Fang Luo , Huang Ping
Published: September 2019

Background:

An integral and well-functioning vascular system is essential for tumor progression and chemotherapy infusion. However, the lumen integrity of the microvessels and its significance in prognosis has not been studied. In this study, we found that the proportion of collapsed microvessels is suggested to be a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

In this study, immunohistochemical CD31 staining was performed to identify the microvessels in tumor specimens. Proportions of collapsed vessels were estimated in CD31-stained tumor specimens from 100 patients with NSCLC. The correlation between collapsed microvessel proportion and survival time were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results:

Data from 99 patients were analyzed and a wide range of collapse–microvessel fraction was observed in 96 patients (1.4%–70%). Elevated collapse proportion (⩾6.5%) indicated poor overall survival in both univariate analysis ( p = 0.042) and multivariate analysis ( p = 0.014).

Conclusions:

Elevated proportion of collapsed microvessels indicted poor survival outcome in patients with NSCLC.
Terazosin or baclofen in young men with chronic orchialgia: A cohort study of 499 patients
Authors: Mohseni-Rad Hamed , Razzaghdoust Abolfazl , Mishan Mohammad Amir , Gholamrezaie Hamid Reza , Hosseinkhani Ali
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

We aimed to investigate the comparative efficacy of terazosin and baclofen in young men with chronic orchialgia using National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index measurement.

Patients and methods:

Of 499 young men with chronic orchialgia, 255 received a daily 2 mg terazosin at bedtime and 244 received 10 mg baclofen during a period of 3 months. A daily 10-min hot-tub hip-bath rest was administered for all patients. Moreover, all patients with grade 3 and 18 patients with grade 2 varicocele underwent varicocelectomy. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score was assessed at baseline and 3 months later.

Results:

Both terazosin and baclofen groups experienced a significant reduction in mean National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score (24.78 and 24.81 at baseline to 19.68 and 19.60 after the treatment for terazosin and baclofen groups, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to post-treatment National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score after adjustment for the pre-treatment score ( p = 0.987). A total of 85 patients (33.4%) in terazosin group and 74 patients (30.3%) in baclofen group underwent varicocelectomy. Addition of the varicocelectomy to the treatment as a multimodal approach had no further improvement in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score.

Conclusion:

Although a significant reduction was observed in mean National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score for both terazosin and baclofen groups, there was no significant difference between the treatments. Moreover, addition of varicocelectomy to terazosin or baclofen could not significantly decrease National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score; thus, varicocelectomy may not be appropriate for men who have some success with medical management. Further randomized studies are warranted.
Book review: Robert D. Hisrich and Veland Ramadani (Eds), Entrepreneurial Marketing: A Practical Managerial Approach
Authors: Kumar Pranav
Published: September 2019

Robert D. Hisrich and Veland Ramadani (Eds.), Entrepreneurial Marketing: A Practical Managerial Approach, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, 202 pp.
Book review: Dean A. Shepherd and Holger Patzelt (Eds.), Trailblazing in Entrepreneurship: Creating New Paths for Understanding the Field
Authors: Kar Brajaballav , Ahmed Yimer Ayalew
Published: September 2019

Dean A. Shepherd and Holger Patzelt (Eds.), Trailblazing in Entrepreneurship: Creating New Paths for Understanding the Field, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, 294 pp.
Contemporary Challenges in School Recruitment for Criminological Survey Research: Lessons From the International Self-Report Delinquency Study in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States
Authors: van der Gaag Renske S. , Herlitz Lauren , Hough Mike
Published: September 2019

Several multiwave cross-national surveys have experienced drops in school participation for youth health and risk behavior (HRB) surveys in Western European countries. This article considers explanations for the challenge in recruiting schools for surveys in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States and the most important lessons learned during school recruitment for the third wave of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study in these four countries. Comparing school response rates for international academic surveys with those focused on HRB, schools have been increasingly less likely to participate in HRB surveys over the past two decades. However, considerable variation within and across surveys and countries suggests there are numerous influences on school recruitment, and there may be facilitators on which researchers could capitalize. We conclude that when planning future school-based HRB surveys, researchers should consider multiple strategies to engage schools from the outset, tailored to regional and national settings.
Estimating Lifetime and Residual Risk for Individuals Who Remain Sexual Offense Free in the Community: Practical Applications
Authors: Thornton David , Hanson R. Karl , Kelley Sharon M. , Mundt James C.
Published: September 2019

Although individuals with a history of sexual crime are often viewed as a lifelong risk, recent research has drawn attention to consistent declines in recidivism risk for those who remain offense free in the community. Because these declines are predictable, this article demonstrates how evaluators can use the amount of time individuals have remained offense free to (a) extrapolate to lifetime recidivism rates from rates observed for shorter time periods, (b) estimate the risk of sexual recidivism for individuals whose current offense is nonsexual but who have a history of sexual offending, and (c) calculate yearly reductions in risk for individuals who remain offense free in the community. In addition to their practical utility for case-specific decision making, these estimates also provide researchers an objective, empirical method of quantifying the extent to which individuals have desisted from sexual crime.
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PPG-2 Methyl Ether, PPG-3 Methyl Ether, and PPG-2 Methyl Ether Acetate
Authors: Robinson Valerie , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: September 2019

PPG-2 methyl ether, PPG-3 methyl ether, and PPG-2 methyl ether acetate are used in cosmetics as fragrance ingredients and/or solvents at concentrations of 0.4% to 2%. Propylene glycol ethers are rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body when introduced by inhalation or oral exposure, but the inhalation toxicity of PPG-2 methyl ether vapor, for example, is low. Aerosols, such as found with hair sprays, produce particle sizes that are not respirable. Because these ingredients are highly water-soluble, they are likely to be absorbed through the human skin only at slow rates, resulting in low blood concentrations and rapid removal by the kidney. These ingredients are not genotoxic and are not reproductive or developmental toxicants. Overall the data are sufficient to conclude that PPG-2 methyl ether, PPG-3 methyl ether, and PPG-2 methyl ether acetate are safe as used in cosmetics.
Dual corneal involvement by endothelial and epithelial corneal dystrophies in Steinert’s disease: A case of triple dystrophy
Authors: Gargallo-Benedicto Amparo , Pérez-Torregrosa Vicente Tomás , Clemente-Tomás Rodrigo , Duch-Samper Antonio Miguel
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

A case of dual corneal involvement due to Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and epithelial basement membrane corneal dystrophy in a patient with Steinert’s myotonic dystrophy type 1 is described, and a literature review on the triple association is made.

Case description:

A 52-year-old male diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1 presented due to progressive bilateral vision loss during the past year. A full ophthalmological evaluation was made, with biomicroscopy, funduscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and endothelial cell count using specular microscopy. Exploration revealed bilateral superior palpebral ptosis, visual acuity 0.5 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye, and with an intraocular pressure of 11 and 10 mmHg, respectively. Biomicroscopy revealed map-dot-fingerprint lesions characteristic of epithelial basement membrane corneal dystrophy in both eyes, as well as abundant endothelial guttae due to Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (stage II) and bilateral nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Specular microscopy in turn showed cell loss and a destructured endothelial map. Finally, anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed the accumulation of epithelial basement membrane and hyperreflective endothelial excrescences corresponding to guttae.

Conclusion:

The association of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy with myotonic dystrophy has been described and explained by a common genetic basis in the expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat, though this is the first reported case of the triple association of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, epithelial basement membrane corneal dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. New mutations or still unknown genetic alterations could possibly explain the triple association reported in our case.
Hsa_circ_0005075 promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zhong Di , Li Peng , Gong Pei-yao
Published: September 2019

Background:

Aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in tumorigenesis and disease progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of hsa_circ_0005075 in human colorectal cancer are still poorly understood.

Methods:

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of hsa_circ_0005075 in colorectal cancer. Correlations of hsa_circ_0005075 expression with pathological parameters and overall survival were assessed. CCK-8 and Transwell invasion assays were utilized to determine the effect of hsa_circ_0005075 on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells.

Results:

Hsa_circ_0005075 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues and intestinal polyps. Its expression level was associated with distal metastasis, invasion, tumor node metastasis stage, and tumor diameter in colorectal cancer, and was negatively correlated with overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Moreover, enforced expression of hsa_circ_0005075 potentiated the proliferation and invasive behavior of colorectal cancer cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggested that hsa_circ_0005075 expression was increased in colorectal cancer and might serve as a promising diagnostic mark and therapy target of colorectal cancer.
Early childhood educators’ attitudes toward science teaching in Chinese schools
Authors: Oon Pey-Tee , Hu Bi Ying , Wei Bing
Published: September 2019

The study looked at early childhood education teachers’ views on teaching science in China using the Preschool-Teachers’ Attitudes and Beliefs toward Science Teaching (P-TABS) instrument. A total of 245 teachers from 60 preschools in Guangdong province in China, selected through a stratified random sampling approach, participated in the current study. The instrument was validated and results were analyzed using the Rasch model. Results revealed that although the sampled teachers support child-centered learning, early childhood education teachers are somewhat uncomfortable in planning science activities that are engaging of preschoolers. The teachers report low confidence in their ability as science teachers and perceived themselves to have inadequate science knowledge. They noted a number of challenges associated with the teaching of science including the overloaded teaching commitments and the lack of resources for use in science activities.
“I Wish Someone Had Told Me That Could Happen”: A Thematic Analysis of Patients’ Unexpected Experiences With End-Stage Kidney Disease Treatment
Authors: DePasquale Nicole , Cabacungan Ashley , Ephraim Patti L , Lewis-Boyér LaPricia , Diamantidis Clarissa J , Powe Neil R , Boulware L Ebony
Published: September 2019

Background:

Preparedness regarding prognosis and treatment options enables patients to cope with uncertainties, make value-based treatment decisions, and set treatment goals. Yet, little is known about the expectedness of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients’ treatment experiences beyond their desire for better treatment education.

Objective:

To describe unexpected adverse treatment experiences among ESKD patients.

Method:

The authors conducted 7 focus groups with 55 dialysis patients and living-donor kidney transplantation recipients receiving medical care in Baltimore, Maryland. Data were analyzed thematically. Themes present in different treatment groups were highlighted to provide insight into common experiences.

Results:

The authors identified 5 themes: (1) psychological reactions, (2) constrained freedom of choice, (3) treatment delivery and logistics, (4) morbidity, and (5) finances.

Conclusion:

Patients were unprepared for nonclinical, logistical, and clinical aspects of ESKD treatment. The need for providers’ use of tailored preparatory techniques and the development of pretreatment interventions to help patients know what to expect from and feel psychologically prepared for treatment, particularly with respect to nonclinical implications, is critical. These efforts have great potential to improve patients’ treatment experiences.
Clinical effect on uncontrolled asthma using a novel digital automated self-management solution: a physician-blinded randomised controlled crossover trial
Authors: Ljungberg Henrik , Carleborg Anna , Gerber Hilmar , Öfverström Christina , Wolodarski Jakob , Menshi Faiza , Engdahl Mikaela , Eduards Marianne , Nordlund Björn
Published: September 2019

Introduction

AsthmaTuner is a novel self-management system consisting of a patient app, a cloud-based storage solution and a healthcare interface. Patients use Bluetooth spirometers to measure lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and can register symptoms. They then receive immediate feedback on asthma control and an image of the correct inhaler(s) to use and the dose. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of AsthmaTuner on symptom control and adherence compared with conventional treatment.

Material and methods

This multicentre physician-blinded crossover trial randomised patients in two groups that started with 8 weeks of AsthmaTuner or conventional treatment using a personalised printed treatment plan, with 2 weeks of washout between the crossover treatments. Participants in a primary or paediatric care setting in Sweden with asthma diagnosis, uncontrolled symptoms and Asthma Control Test (ACT) score <20 points were included. Symptom control was analysed using t-tests for the difference between the group means of the sums of ACT scores at each treatment end-visit, with 95% confidence intervals. Medical Adherence Report Scale (MARS) scores captured differences in adherence (remembering to take asthma medication) between treatment periods.

Results

The study population consisted of 77 patients (60% females). The ACT score significantly improved with AsthmaTuner compared with conventional treatment (mean ACT difference 0.70, 95% CI 0.06–1.34; p=0.03). Adherence did not improve significantly in all participants, but did improve among those in primary care who used AsthmaTuner an average of once a week or more compared with conventional treatment (mean MARS difference 0.45, 95% CI 0.13–0.77; p=0.01).

Conclusions

AsthmaTuner improved symptom control in patients with uncontrolled asthma compared with conventional treatment.
Circular RNA circ-ZKSCAN1 inhibits bladder cancer progression through miR-1178-3p/p21 axis and acts as a prognostic factor of recurrence
Authors: Bi Junming , Liu Hongwei , Dong Wei , Xie Weibin , He Qingqing , Cai Zijian , Huang Jian , Lin Tianxin
Published: September 2019

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a subclass of regulatory RNAs that have been shown to have significant regulatory roles in cancer progression. However, the biological functions of circRNAs in bladder cancer (BCa) are largely unknown.

Methods

Cell invasion models were established, and invasion-related circRNAs were detected by qPCR. Using above method, circ-ZKSCAN1 was picked out for further study. Circ-ZKSCAN1 expression and survival analyses were performed through qPCR. The survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to assess the significance. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined to investigate the function of circ-ZKSCAN1. Tumorigenesis in nude mice was assessed to determine the effect of circ-ZKSCAN1 in bladder cancer. Biotin-coupled probe pull-down assays, FISH and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the relationship between circ-ZKSCAN1 and microRNA. RNA-seq revealed different molecular changes in downstream genes.

Results

Here, we found that circ-ZKSCAN1 was downregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines. Circ-ZKSCAN1 levels were associated with survival, tumor grade, pathological T stage and tumor recurrence. Overexpressed circ-ZKSCAN1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circ-ZKSCAN1 upregulated p21 expression by sponging miR-1178-3p, which suppressed the aggressive biological behaviors in bladder cancer.

Conclusions

These results reveal that Circ-ZKSCAN1 acts as a tumor suppressor via a novel circ-ZKSCAN1/miR-1178-3p/p21 axis, which have the important role in the proliferation, migration and invasion ablitities of BCa cells and provide a novel perspective on circRNAs in BCa progression.
Use of Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Visvanathan Kala , Fabian Carol J. , Bantug Elissa , Brewster Abenaa M. , Davidson Nancy E. , DeCensi Andrea , Floyd Justin D. , Garber Judy E. , Hofstatter Erin W. , Khan Seema A. , Katapodi Maria C. , Pruthi Sandhya , Raab Rachal , Runowicz Carolyn D. , Somerfield Mark R.
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

To update the ASCO guideline on pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction and provide guidance on clinical issues that arise when deciding to use endocrine therapy for breast cancer risk reduction.

METHODS

An Expert Panel conducted targeted systematic literature reviews to identify new studies.

RESULTS

A randomized clinical trial that evaluated the use of anastrozole for reduction of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers in postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing breast cancer provided the predominant basis for the update.

UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS

In postmenopausal women at increased risk, the choice of endocrine therapy now includes anastrozole (1 mg/day) in addition to exemestane (25 mg/day), raloxifene (60 mg/day), or tamoxifen (20 mg/day). The decision regarding choice of endocrine therapy should take into consideration age, baseline comorbidities, and adverse effect profiles. Clinicians should not prescribe anastrozole, exemestane, or raloxifene for breast cancer risk reduction to premenopausal women. Tamoxifen 20 mg/day for 5 years is still considered standard of care for risk reduction in premenopausal women who are at least 35 years old and have completed childbearing. Data on low-dose tamoxifen as an alternative to the standard dose for both pre- and postmenopausal women with intraepithelial neoplasia are discussed in the Clinical Considerations section of this article. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Prevalence and Predictors of Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy at the Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Ezzi Mohammed S. , Othieno-Abinya Nicholas A. , Amayo Erastus , Oyiro Peter , McLigeyo Angela , Yatich Robert Bett , Shoba Bonginkosi
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

To determine the prevalence, predictors, and/or risk factors of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional analysis of patients who underwent chemotherapy with cisplatin for at least 2 months at Kenyatta National Hospital oncology units. Peripheral neuropathy was determined by history and physical examination per the protocol. Data are presented in tables. Descriptive inferential statistics such as means, medians, and proportions were determined where applicable.

RESULTS

We recruited 67 patients who were undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin. Fifty-six patients (83.6%) had peripheral neuropathy. Forty-five patients (81%) had mild-grade (grades 1 and 2) peripheral neuropathy. Only two patients (3.1%) had grade 4 neuropathy. Almost all patients who were overweight or obese developed peripheral neuropathy.

CONCLUSION

Peripheral neuropathy among patients receiving cisplatin is quite prevalent at Kenyatta National Hospital (83.6% prevalence rate). However, most of the patients had a mild grade of neuropathy, which is largely consistent with literature elsewhere.
À deriva
Authors: Carlos Jean
Published: September 2019

A escrita ampara corpo, intimidade, subjetividade, o espaço do quarto e suas ressonâncias nas superfícies de convívio na contemporaneidade. A narrativa relaciona o quarto como lugar de criação de esboços do mundo, abrigo das leituras da fenomenologia e do afeto, e estabelece costuras e atravessamentos que transcendem os fluxos ordinários propondo o estado de deriva.Palavras chaves: espaço, quarto, íntimo, deriva.Abstract:The writing protects body, intimacy, subjectivity, the bedroom space and its resonances in the surfaces of conviviality in the contemporaneity. The narrative relates the bedroom as a place of creation of sketches of the world, shelter of readings of phenomenology and affection, and establishes seams and crossings that transcend the ordinary flows proposing the state of drift.Key words: space, bedroom, intimate, drift.