bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pamphilius ishikawai feeds on Astilbe: the first record of Pamphiliidae (Hymenoptera) associated with Saxifragaceae
Authors: SHINOHARA Akihiko , KAMEDA YUICHI , IBUKI SHIN-ICHI , KIYOSHI TAKUYA , KAKUDA TSUNEO , KOJIMA HARUYOSHI
Published: April 2016

Based on field observations and rearing experiments in Nagano and Tochigi prefectures in central Honshu, Japan, host plants and life history of a leaf-rolling sawfly, Pamphilius ishikawai Shinohara, 1979, are recorded for the first time. The larva is a solitary leaf-roller on Astilbe. This is the first record of the Saxifragaceae as a host plant of the Pamphiliidae. We made molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences for nine individuals of P. ishikawai feeding on three different species of Astilbe in two localities with different climates and for six outgroup pamphiliine species. It revealed very small genetic variability within P. ishikawai and suggested probable monophyly of the P. sulphureipes group.
Notoraja martinezi sp. nov., a new species of deepwater skate and the first record of the genus Notoraja Ishiyama, 1958 (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) from the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: CONCHA FRANCISCO J. , EBERT DAVID A. , LONG DOUGLAS J.
Published: April 2016

A new arhynchobatid skate, Notoraja martinezi, sp. nov., is described from four specimens collected from the eastern Central Pacific from Costa Rica to Ecuador and between depths of 1256–1472 m. The new species is placed in the genus Notoraja based on the long and flexible rostrum and its proportionally long tail with respect to total length. This species is distinct from its congeners in the Western Pacific by the straight margins of its rostrum, long anterior lobes of pelvic fins, and its abundant and very well developed caudal thorns.
Global Climate Impacts of Fixing the Southern Ocean Shortwave Radiation Bias in the Community Earth System Model (CESM)
Authors: Kay Jennifer E. , Wall Casey , Yettella Vineel , Medeiros Brian , Hannay Cecile , Caldwell Peter , Bitz Cecilia
Published: April 2016

A large, long-standing, and pervasive climate model bias is excessive absorbed shortwave radiation (ASR) over the midlatitude oceans, especially the Southern Ocean. This study investigates both the underlying mechanisms for and climate impacts of this bias within the Community Earth System Model, version 1, with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 [CESM1(CAM5)]. Excessive Southern Ocean ASR in CESM1(CAM5) results in part because low-level clouds contain insufficient amounts of supercooled liquid. In a present-day atmosphere-only run, an observationally motivated modification to the shallow convection detrainment increases supercooled cloud liquid, brightens low-level clouds, and substantially reduces the Southern Ocean ASR bias. Tuning to maintain global energy balance enables reduction of a compensating tropical ASR bias. In the resulting preindustrial fully coupled run with a brighter Southern Ocean and dimmer tropics, the Southern Ocean cools and the tropics warm. As a result of the enhanced meridional temperature gradient, poleward heat transport increases in both hemispheres (especially the Southern Hemisphere), and the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric jet strengthens. Because northward cross-equatorial heat transport reductions occur primarily in the ocean (80%), not the atmosphere (20%), a proposed atmospheric teleconnection linking Southern Ocean ASR bias reduction and cooling with northward shifts in tropical precipitation has little impact. In summary, observationally motivated supercooled liquid water increases in shallow convective clouds enable large reductions in long-standing climate model shortwave radiation biases. Of relevance to both model bias reduction and climate dynamics, quantifying the influence of Southern Ocean cooling on tropical precipitation requires a model with dynamic ocean heat transport.
A Portable Diode Array Spectrophotometer
Authors: Stephenson David
Published: April 2016

A cheap portable visible light spectrometer is presented. The spectrometer uses readily sourced items and could be constructed by anyone with a knowledge of electronics. The spectrometer covers the wavelength range 450–725 nm with a resolution better than 5 nm. The spectrometer uses a diffraction grating to separate wavelengths, which are detected using a 128-element diode array, the output of which is analyzed using a microprocessor. The spectrum is displayed on a small liquid crystal display screen and can be saved to a micro SD card for later analysis. Battery life (2 × AAA) is estimated to be 200 hours. The overall dimensions of the unit are 120 × 65 × 60 mm, and it weighs about 200 g.
Equity and Excellence
Authors: Peters Scott J. , Engerrand Kenneth G.
Published: April 2016

The identification of gifted and talented students and the accompanying fact that most identification systems result in the underrepresentation of students from African American, Hispanic, Native American, English language learning, and low-income families are two of the most discussed and hotly debated topics in the field. This article provides an overview of past efforts to mitigate inequity in both K-12 and higher education program identification, highlights successes and limitations, and presents a particular perspective in order to help facilitate broader thinking about the purpose of identification, the development of talent, and how academic excellence can be fostered while simultaneously increasing equity in gifted education.
Variable Lifting Index for Manual-Lifting Risk Assessment
Authors: Battevi Natale , Pandolfi Monica , Cortinovis Ivan
Published: April 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the new Variable Lifting Index (VLI) method, theoretically based on the Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] Lifting Equation (RNLE), in predicting the risk of acute low-back pain (LBP) in the past 12 months.

Background:

A new risk variable termed the VLI for assessing variable manual lifting has been developed, but there has been no epidemiological study that evaluates the relationship between the VLI and LBP.

Method:

A sample of 3,402 study participants from 16 companies in different industrial sectors was analyzed. Of the participants, 2,374 were in the risk exposure group involving manual materials handling (MMH), and 1,028 were in the control group without MMH. The VLI was calculated for each participant in the exposure group using a systematic approach. LBP information was collected by occupational physicians at the study sites. The risk of acute LBP was estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) between levels of the risk exposure and the control group using a logistic regression analysis. Both crude and adjusted ORs for body mass index, gender, and age were analyzed.

Results:

Both crude and adjusted ORs showed a dose-response relationship. As the levels of VLI increased, the risk of LBP increased. This risk relationship existed when VLI was greater than 1.

Conclusion:

The VLI method can be used to assess the risk of acute LBP, although further studies are needed to confirm the outcome and to define better VLI categories.
Joint Enterprise Liability as Omissions
Authors: Chua Cyrus , Liu Hin Ting
Published: April 2016

This article argues that joint enterprise liability should be conceptualised under the doctrine of omissions as conceived in the recent case of Evans. As such, liability under joint enterprise is to be triggered when one is under a duty to rectify a dangerous situation and eventually fails to prevent a prohibited outcome from occurring. This analysis would overcome the two fundamental difficulties pervading the law on joint enterprise: (i) the overly harsh mens rea requirement as the law of joint enterprise currently stands, and (ii) the sheer arbitrariness of the fundamental difference rule. The authors suggest that in view of legislative inaction, the judiciary should take an active role to extend the reasoning in R v Evans so as to cover joint enterprise cases.
Developmentally and Trauma-Sensitive Courtrooms
Authors: Crenshaw David A. , Stella Lori , O’Neill-Stephens Ellen , Walsen Celeste
Published: April 2016

Courtrooms in the United States whether family court or criminal court fall far short of being either developmentally or trauma sensitive. While there is growing recognition that vulnerable child witnesses are at risk of retraumatization by court procedures and some judges have used their discretionary powers to render courtrooms less toxic to children, the system was designed by adults for adults, and certainly not for children. The court process especially in criminal trials does not typically take into account the developmental constraints of children nor do they fully understand trauma in children and the risks to testifying child witnesses. Humanistic psychology has long stood for social justice and compassion toward our most vulnerable humans, especially children, but the long and slow-to-change traditions of the court system in the United States creates an environment that is inhospitable to children and even older victims as illustrated by the low rate of prosecutions in rape cases. This article outlines the distressing conditions that await child victims/witnesses in this country in comparison with other developed countries and an innovative, out-of-the box solution that does not interfere with the rights of the accused.
Modeling and simulation of an improved random direction mobility model for wireless networks using colored Petri nets
Authors: Khan Naeem Akhtar , Ahmad Farooq
Published: April 2016

Wireless networks have received increased attention from researchers due to their extensive set of applications and ubiquitous communication facility. The underlying mobility model plays a key role in mobility management, which is a prominent communication means in delivering services to mobile users accurately. Random direction is a synthetic mobility model that is widely used in simulators, while simulation is universally considered the most effective method for the design and analysis of the characteristics of mobility models. However, simulation is limited in its capabilities and it may generate unrealistic, error-prone results and consume more time. Further, the random direction mobility model produces unrealistic movement patterns due to a sharp turn problem and it forces the mobile host to travel to the edge of the terrain. To alleviate the issues of the random direction mobility model, this paper presents a colored Petri net (CPN)-based formal approach as an improved direction mobility model. Further, the proposed algorithm to tackle the sharp turn problem is implemented by using the CPN formalism. The formal semantics of the CPN allow a graphical, intuitive approach to design, simulate, execute, and validate the model.
Modeling a powered wheelchair with slipping and gravitational disturbances on inclined and non-inclined surfaces
Authors: Onyango Stevine O , Hamam Yskandar , Djouani Karim , Daachi Boubaker
Published: April 2016

Wheelchairs are broadly accepted and are widespread because of the assistance they provide to people with limited mobility. The design of a good controller generally involves the formulation of a comprehensive wheelchair model. Most dynamic models in the literature presume non-inclined planer surfaces within-doors, and therefore fail to take the combined effects of both gravitational forces and rolling friction on the usable-traction into consideration. Wheel-slip situations are also commonly neglected. This paper contributes to wheelchair modeling by proposing and formulating a dynamic model that considers the effects of rolling friction and gravitational potential on the wheelchair’s road-load force, on both inclined and non-inclined surfaces. The dynamic model is derived through the Euler Lagrange procedure, and wheel slip is determined by an approach that reduces the convectional number of slip-detection encoders. In the closed-loop model, the input-output feedback controller is proposed for tracking the user inputs by torque compensation. The optimality of the resulting minimum-phase closed-loop system is then ensured through the performance index of the non-linear continuous-time generalized predictive control with good simulation results.
Addressing the Sociocultural Determinants of African American Students’ Academic Achievement: The Four Themes of the American School Counselor Association’s National Model and the Role of School Counselors
Authors: Rust Jonathan P.
Published: April 2016

Social justice, ensuring that all students receive access to equitable educational resources and opportunities to succeed academically, is a guiding principle for school counselors. With this ideal in mind, specific sociocultural factors that affect the academic achievement of African American students in urban school settings are considered. Subsequently, the four themes of the American School Counselor Association’s National Model—leadership, advocacy, collaboration, and systematic change—are used to provide school counselors in urban schools with guidelines to address the academic achievement of African American students related to these sociocultural factors.
An African American Student Networking Group in an Urban High School: Experiences and Outcomes
Authors: Gbolo Simone , Grier-Reed Tabitha LaShaun
Published: April 2016

Educational disparities are deeply entrenched in U.S. society. Our research focused on a move toward equity and investment in one Midwestern charter school via the implementation of the African American Student Network. Participants were 15 male and 15 female students in Grades 9 to 12 who participated in the network for one semester. Qualitative analysis of focus group interviews revealed that students in the network experienced safety, support, empowerment, affirmation, and connectedness. Quantitative analysis revealed that pre- and post-test grade point averages (GPAs), disciplinary referrals, and attendance trended in promising directions although there were no statistically significant differences.
The Janus-Faced Shopping Center: The Low Countries in Search of a Fitting Shopping Paradigm
Authors: Gosseye Janina
Published: April 2016

When in the mid-1950s, the shopping center typology reached the Low Countries, it confronted governments, policy makers, architects, and planners with the question of how to introduce and adapt this novel commercial typology to the local context. To respond to this question, several “missions” were organized to study this phenomenon abroad. The conclusion was that two distinct shopping center paradigms existed: the American model, as it could be observed in the United States and Canada, and the European model, as it had emerged in Sweden, France, and Great Britain. This article investigates what these missions identified as the distinctive characteristics of these two shopping center models, and which specific recommendations regarding urban and suburban retailing and distribution were derived from them. Finally, the article examines how these suggestions were implemented in or translated into the first shopping center designs in the Low Countries: “Shopping 1” in Genk (Belgium) and Amstelveen shopping center in the Netherlands.
Pigs in Toxicology
Authors: Helke Kristi L. , Nelson Keith N. , Sargeant Aaron M. , Jacob Binod , McKeag Sean , Haruna Julius , Vemireddi Vimala , Greeley Melanie , Brocksmith Derek , Navratil Nicole , Stricker-Krongrad Alain , Hollinger Charlotte
Published: April 2016

Both a rodent and a nonrodent species are required for evaluation in nonclinical safety studies conducted to support human clinical trials. Historically, dogs and nonhuman primates have been the nonrodent species of choice. Swine, especially the miniature swine or minipigs, are increasingly being used in preclinical safety as an alternate nonrodent species. The pig is an appropriate option for these toxicology studies based on metabolic pathways utilized in xenobiotic biotransformation. Both similarities and differences exist in phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways between humans and pigs. There are numerous breeds of pigs, yet only a few of these breeds are characterized with regard to both xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and background pathology findings. Some specific differences in these enzymes based on breed and sex are known. Although swine have been used extensively in biomedical research, there is also a paucity of information in the current literature detailing the incidence of background lesions and differences between commonly used breeds. Here, the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are compared between humans and pigs, and minipig background pathology changes are reviewed with emphasis on breed differences.
Success in the classroom and in life
Authors: Pfeiffer Steven I
Published: April 2016

Strengths of the heart is a new and potentially useful paradigm for understanding how the whole gifted child can thrive and flourish. Until recently, those who have written about and have researched the gifted have focused much of their work on strengths of the head—understanding, identifying, and promoting intelligence and creativity. More recently, there has been a growing interest in looking “beyond the head,” to the heart and soul of the gifted child. Feelings, emotions, character strengths, and social competencies are now being researched among high-ability students. This article introduces the idea of strengths of the heart and the special issue.
Exploring the role of social media in the G2C relationship
Authors: Mawela Tendani
Published: April 2016

This paper reports on a qualitative study regarding electronic citizen participation. The study assessed how government agencies based in South Africa used social media applications within the government to citizen (G2C) relationship for electronic participation. Textual data was sampled from provincial and municipal government department’s social media accounts and analysed thematically. The study found that there is a discrepancy in the adoption of social media in metropolitan municipalities and provincial government departments. Contrastingly, citizens were shown to have increasing access to social media, which have become essential components of their daily lives. Furthermore citizens were willing to use the applications to engage with government departments, which were found to be responding sporadically. The paper argues that there is an opportunity for the public sector to include social media in their e-participation endeavours. Several guiding principles are also offered.
Oral noribogaine shows high brain uptake and anti-withdrawal effects not associated with place preference in rodents
Authors: Mash Deborah C , Ameer Barbara , Prou Delphine , Howes John F , Maillet Emeline L
Published: April 2016

This study investigated the effects of noribogaine, the principal metabolite of the drug ibogaine, on substance-related disorders. In the first experiment, mice chronically treated with morphine were subjected to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal two hours after oral administration of noribogaine. Oral noribogaine dose dependently decreased the global opiate withdrawal score by up to 88% of vehicle control with an ED50 of 13 mg/kg. In the second experiment, blood and brain levels of noribogaine showed a high brain penetration and a brain/blood ratio of 7±1 across all doses tested. In a third experiment, rats given oral noribogaine up to 100 mg/kg were tested for abuse liability using a standard biased conditioned place paradigm. Noribogaine-treated rats did not display place preference, suggesting that noribogaine is not perceived as a hedonic stimulus in rodents. Retrospective review of published studies assessing the efficacy of ibogaine on morphine withdrawal shows that the most likely cause of the discrepancies in the literature is the different routes of administration and time of testing following ibogaine administration. These results suggest that the metabolite noribogaine rather than the parent compound mediates the effects of ibogaine on blocking naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Noribogaine may hold promise as a non-addicting alternative to standard opiate replacement therapies to transition patients to opiate abstinence.
A 5-year analysis of semen parameters in Saudi Arabian men attending infertility clinics
Authors: Al-Turki Haifa A.
Published: April 2016

Objective

To evaluate semen parameters in infertile Saudi Arabian men.

Methods

In this retrospective study, semen analysis and other clinical data were extracted from medical records of men attending an infertility clinic. Patients were stratified according to smoking status and presence or absence of varicocele.

Results

The study included 425 patients. Nonsmokers ( n = 322) had significantly higher serum testosterone and sperm motility than smokers ( n = 194). Serum testosterone, semen volume, motility, morphology, sperm/ejaculation and sperm count were significantly higher in patients without varicocele ( n = 328) than in those with varicocele ( n = 188).

Conclusions

In this study, smoking and the presence of varicocele had negative effects on semen parameters in infertile men.
Association between ECE1 gene polymorphisms and risk of intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zeng Yi , Ma Mingming , Liu Baoqiong , Xia Jian , Xu Hongwei , Liu Yunhai , Du Xiaoping , Hu Zhiping , Yang Qidong , Zhang Le
Published: April 2016

Objective

To determine whether endothelin converting enzyme-1 ( ECE1) gene polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) by influencing blood pressure.

Methods

This case–control study enrolled patients with ICH and healthy control subjects from a Southern Han Chinese population. The ECE1 gene polymorphisms rs212528 and rs213045 were genotyped. The association between the genotypes and the risk of ICH was assessed. The effects of these two ECE1 gene polymorphisms on blood pressure were also analysed.

Results

A total of 389 patients with ICH and 404 healthy control subjects participated in the study. There was no significant association between the ECE1 rs212528 and rs213045 polymorphisms and ICH even after adjusting for different confounding variables. In patients with ICH, the systolic blood pressure of patients with the rs212528 AA genotype was significantly lower than that of patients with the AG/GG genotypes.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the ECE1 rs212528 and rs213045 polymorphisms had no major role to play in the genetic susceptibility to ICH, although rs212528 might influence blood pressure in patients with ICH.
Transnational freelancing: Ephemeral creative projects and mobility in the music recording industry
Authors: Watson Allan , Beaverstock Jonathan V
Published: April 2016

Drawing on Gernot Grabher’s work on projects and project ecologies, there has developed a significant literature concerned with project-based organisations, recognising the fluid, transient, skills-based and localised nature of such forms. Yet, despite the inherent need within projects to draw on highly skilled labour, such literature has tended to overlook the importance of freelance, mobile labour within project ecologies, instead focusing on localised labour pools. In this paper, through a unique case study of transnational freelancing in the music recording industry, we provide a critique and development of Grabher’s conceptualisation of projects. Specifically, we focus on freelance labour to reveal the ways in which transnational mobility can reproduce social processes that have assumed to be localised, and thus the ways in which project work can stimulate mobility. Emphasising the very high degrees of ephemerality and latency with social networks, we argue that the social context in which projects operates needs to be considered well beyond local geographical contexts, with mobility acting to bridge extended periods of latency and reproduce project networks. Further, we extend the notion of social proximity within projects by considering how new ecologies of physical and virtual mobility are redefining freelance labour in the music recording industry.
Syndrome of transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis presenting as acute neurological emergencies
Authors: Babi M-Alain , Applebee Angela , Shapiro Robert , Waheed Waqar
Published: April 2016

Background

The syndrome of transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a self-limited benign disorder of unclear pathogenesis, with diverse clinical manifestations.

Cases

We report two unusual presentations of this entity. The first case developed a catastrophic picture, characterized by acute elevation of intracranial pressure, necessitating emergency life support. The second case presented with hyperacute-onset mixed aphasia and facial droop, masquerading as acute ischemia of the middle cerebral artery territory. Both patients made full recoveries.

Conclusion

The possibility of HaNDL should be considered in individuals presenting with unusual patterns of headaches and transient neurological symptoms. Our report will expand the spectrum of this disorder, which will help physicians not only to recognize the unusual manifestations of this rare disorder, but also consider potential therapeutic interventions.
Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Transphyseal Versus Physeal-Sparing Techniques
Authors: Pierce Todd P. , Issa Kimona , Festa Anthony , Scillia Anthony J. , McInerney Vincent K.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is becoming more common in skeletally immature individuals, and it may be performed with transphyseal or physeal-sparing techniques. A number of studies have assessed the outcomes of these techniques, but there is a need to systematically evaluate the pooled data from these studies.

Purpose:

To compare the differences in demographics and outcomes of transphyseal and physeal-sparing techniques by assessing (1) demographics, (2) incidence of growth disturbances, and (3) graft survivorship in the pediatric population.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A thorough review of 3 databases was performed to identify all studies that evaluated outcomes after pediatric reconstruction based on transphyseal or physeal-sparing techniques. After completing our search and cross-referencing for additional sources, 43 reports were identified for this review. Reports were analyzed for differences in demographics as well as incidence of leg-length discrepancies, angular deformities, and graft survivorship. After review of manuscripts, 27 studies were included for review (21 transphyseal and 6 physeal-sparing studies).

Results:

Those who had transphyseal reconstruction were more likely to be female (39% vs 20%; P = .0001), while those with the physeal-sparing surgery were younger (12 vs 13.5 years of age; P = .0001). The transphyseal and physeal-sparing cohorts demonstrated similar incidence rates of leg-length discrepancies (0.81% vs 1.2%, respectively; P = .64) and angular deformities (0.61% vs 0%, respectively; P = .36). The transphyseal and physeal-sparing cohorts also showed similar rates of rerupture (6.2% vs 3.1%, respectively; P = .11).

Conclusion:

Although the study groups were not well matched with regard to age and sex, our results show that these surgical techniques have no differences in incidence of growth disturbances or graft survivorship. Younger males tend to undergo physeal-sparing reconstruction. Future research should focus on long-term outcome metrics with the physeal-sparing techniques, as there remains a paucity of studies regarding them.
Mental Health Services for Students at Postsecondary Institutions: A National Survey
Authors: Jaworska Natalia , De Somma Elisea , Fonseka Bernice , Heck Emma , MacQueen Glenda M.
Published: April 2016

Objective:

Although the high prevalence of mental health issues among postsecondary students is well documented, comparatively little is known about the adequacy, accessibility, and adherence to best practices of mental health services (MHSs)/initiatives on postsecondary campuses. We evaluated existing mental health promotion, identification, and intervention initiatives at postsecondary institutions across Canada, expanding on our previous work in one Canadian province.

Methods:

A 54-question online survey was sent to potential respondents (mainly front-line workers dealing directly with students [e.g., psychologists/counsellors, medical professionals]) at Canada’s publicly funded postsecondary institutions. Data were analyzed overall and according to institutional size (small [<2000 students], medium [2000–10 000 students], large [>10 000 students]).

Results:

In total, 168 out of 180 institutions were represented, and the response rate was high (96%; 274 respondents). Most institutions have some form of mental health promotion and outreach programs, although most respondents felt that these were not a good use of resources. Various social supports exist at most institutions, with large ones offering the greatest variety. Most institutions do not require incoming students to disclose mental health issues. While counselling services are typically available, staff do not reliably have a diverse complement (e.g., gender or race diversity). Counselling sessions are generally limited, and follow-up procedures are uncommon. Complete diagnostic assessments and the use of standardized diagnostic systems are rare.

Conclusions:

While integral MHSs are offered at most Canadian postsecondary institutions, the range and depth of available services are variable. These data can guide policy makers and stakeholders in developing comprehensive campus mental health strategies.
Favoriser et récompenser la créativité du consommateur dans le processus de développement du nouveau produit : comment motiver ces consommateurs qui participent à des concours de créativité ?
Authors: Salgado Stéphane , de Barnier Virginie
Published: April 2016

Intégrer le consommateur dans le processus de développement du nouveau produit est une démarche prometteuse qui permet aux marques de générer plus rapidement des idées originales. L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer quelles sont les récompenses et les interactions qui favorisent la créativité lors d’un concours de créativité. Le cadre théorique s’articule autour de la créativité du consommateur, le rôle du feedback de la marque dans le processus de développement de nouveaux produits, et les effets des récompenses sur la créativité. Une expérimentation menée sur 180 répondants montre que les récompenses de réputation associées à un feedback de la marque sponsor influencent positivement la créativité dans une mesure au moins égale aux récompenses monétaires. Les résultats montrent que le feedback de la marque est une variable modératrice de la relation entre les récompenses et la créativité et que le feedback de la marque associé aux récompenses de réputation est un puissant stimulateur de la créativité.
Early Childhood Victimization and Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Developmental and Person-Oriented Approach
Authors: Narayan Angela J. , Hagan Melissa J. , Cohodes Emily , Rivera Luisa M. , Lieberman Alicia F.
Published: April 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization during pregnancy is a major public health concern, yet little is known about how risk factors for IPV during pregnancy may depend on whether women have histories of victimization dating back to early childhood (ages 0-5 years). This study examined whether risk factors for physical IPV victimization during pregnancy (a pregnancy that was not planned and prenatal substance use) differed for women with versus without early childhood victimization. Participants were 236 ethnically diverse, low-income biological mothers ( M = 30.94 years; 50.0% Latina, 16.9% Caucasian, 13.1% African American, and 16.9% multiracial) of children aged 0 to 6 years. Mothers were classified into four groups based on whether they had experienced early childhood victimization and physical IPV victimization during pregnancy with the target child. Multinomial logistic regressions, controlling for demographic characteristics, examined whether a pregnancy not planned and prenatal substance use predicted group membership. Compared to mothers with early victimization only, mothers with both early childhood victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy were more than 3 times as likely to report that their pregnancy with the target child was not planned. In follow-up analyses, mothers with early victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy also reported higher lifetime parity than mothers with physical IPV during pregnancy but no early victimization. Early childhood victimization may place women on a risk pathway to physical IPV during pregnancy, particularly if the pregnancy is not planned. Prevention and policy efforts should screen women for early childhood victimization to understand risks for physical IPV during pregnancy.
Child Abuse as a Predictor of Alcohol Consumption Among Brazilian University Students
Authors: Priolo-Filho Sidnei R. , Williams Lúcia C. A.
Published: April 2016

Alcohol use among university students has received considerate attention in recent years due to its serious consequences. There is insufficient data in terms of the relationship between child abuse history and future use of alcohol in such a group. In addition, little is known about the effects of polyvictimization (lifetime multiple victimization experiences) on the consumption of these young adults. This study has examined whether a history of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or child abuse is related to alcohol consumption. Particular attention was given to different forms of victimization (physical, psychological, sexual abuse, and exposure to IPV) occurring over the life of the individual. A questionnaire that underwent a process of adaptation in two pilot studies, incorporating the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and questions about child abuse history, was used. The questionnaire was applied to 1,452 students in Brazil. Child abuse and polyvictimization were related to higher alcohol intake and binge consumption in the last 3 months. Physical, psychological, and exposure to IPV were polyvictimization forms with the most impact on alcohol consumption. The study points out the need to initiate prevention strategies among Brazilian university students for a decrease of harmful alcohol consumption, as well as prevention of family violence.
Vancomycin Use: Room for Improvement Among Hospitalized Children
Authors: Gillon Jessica , Xu Meng , Slaughter James , Di Pentima M. Cecilia
Published: April 2016

Introduction:

The use of vancomycin is common among hospitalized children. We sought to evaluate the impact of prospective audit with real-time feedback on vancomycin use and pharmacy costs.

Methods:

Vancomycin use was evaluated at Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt (MCJCHV) before and after the implementation of prospective audit with intervention and feedback to providers in 2012. Antibiotic use was compared to academic children’s hospitals with established antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Two similar pediatric academic institutions without an ASP were used as nonintervention controls. Analysis of monthly days of antibiotic therapy (DoT) per 1000 patient-days was performed by interrupted time series analysis.

Results:

Monthly vancomycin use decreased from 114 DoTs/1000 patient-days to 89 DoTs/1000 patient-days ( P < .0001). We did not find significant differences in the slope of change in vancomycin use between MCJCHV and institutions with ASPs either before or after the intervention ( P = .86 and P = .71, respectively). When compared to children’s hospitals without ASPs, the use of vancomycin was significantly lower at MCJCHV ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The use of vancomycin at academic children’s hospitals with an ASP is declining. In our experience, prospective audit with real-time intervention and feedback to providers significantly reduced the use and costs associated with vancomycin.
Effect of cutting edge modification on the tool flank wear in ultrasonically assisted turning of hardened steel
Authors: Farahnakian Masoud , Keshavarz Mohamad Ebrahim , Elhami Sadegh , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2016

Ultrasonically assisted turning is one of the modern machining processes developed in recent decades to facilitate machining of hard-to-cut materials which are widely used in different industries. Cutting tool wear is one of the main problems in machining of hard materials which has necessitated implementation of modern machining processes such as ultrasonically assisted turning. Due to vibro-impact conditions, cutting tool failure takes place when ultrasonically assisted turning is applied for hard and brittle materials. In fact, microchipping takes place in the tool nose after machining of short length, so sharp cutting edge fails at the early stages of cutting. Therefore, if the sharpness of cutting edge is removed before the machining, the fracture of cutting edge, caused by vibro-impact condition, will be eliminated. The aim of this research is to investigate the tungsten carbide tool flank wear in ultrasonically assisted turning of hardened alloy steel in comparison to the conventional turning. Therefore, a proper experimental ultrasonic vibration configuration was designed to apply the ultrasonic vibrations to the turning tool along cutting direction. Experiments were carried out for different cutting speeds below the critical speed in ultrasonically assisted turning. Application of the tool with modified specifications led to make an initial wear on tool flank, but finally a significant improvement of tool wear was observed.
Robust dynamic surface sliding mode control for attitude tracking of flexible spacecraft with an extended state observer
Authors: Zhou Chengbao , Zhou Di
Published: April 2016

The nonlinear attitude motion equations of flexible spacecraft described by the Euler angles are expressed in the vector form. Based on dynamic surface control, a new robust dynamic surface sliding mode controller is proposed for the attitude tracking and active vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft in the presence of parameter uncertainty and external disturbances. Then, a novel robust dynamic surface finite time sliding mode controller is proposed with an extended state observer such that the uncertainties can be estimated. Lyapunov stability analyses show that the two controllers can guarantee the asymptotical stability of the attitude control system. The undesirable vibration of flexible spacecraft is also actively suppressed by the modal velocity feedback approach. Finally, simulation results verified the effectiveness of the presented control algorithms.
On standards and values: Between finite actuality and infinite possibility
Authors: Stenner Paul
Published: April 2016

This article explores the relation between subjects and standards in a way that is informed by a process orientation to theoretical psychology. Standards are presented as objectifications of values designed to generalize and stabilize experiences of value. Standards are nevertheless prone to becoming “parodic” in the sense that they can become obstacles to the actualization of the values they were designed to incarnate. Furthermore, much critical social science has mishandled the nature of standards by insisting that values are nothing but local and specific constructions in the mundane world of human activity. To rectify this problem, this article reactivates a sense of the difference between the idea of a finite world of activity and a world of value which points beyond and exceeds passing circumstance. Resources for the reactivation of this difference—which is core to a processual grasp of self, memory, and value—are found in the thinking of A. N. Whitehead, Max Weber, Marcel Proust, and Søren Kierkegaard.
Enacting (post)psychological standards in social work: From regimes of visibility to user-driven standards and affective subjectification
Authors: Bank Mads
Published: April 2016

This article contributes to the general theme of standards and subjectivity by developing a governmental strategy for analyzing how different traditions in psychology are used to produce different standards for subjectification and different ontologies in social work practices. The empirical material is taken from a drug treatment center for young people, where professionals have a critical, reflexive awareness about how standards derived from 20th-century psychology subjectify and organize practices. The article analyzes how professionals in these practices draw on postmodern and critical traditions in psychology—in particular narrative, systemic, and solution-focused therapy—in order to develop alternative “post-psychological,” “user-driven,” and “affective” standards. These standards expand the field of intervention by modulating on users’, relatives,’ and professionals’ gazes and affective ways of relating. The article articulates an affirmative critique of how post-psy standards can be used reflexively by professionals in social work practices to empower users and enact a “post-psychological” ontology of becoming.
Space-based passive tracking of non-cooperative space target using robust filtering algorithm
Authors: Wu Panlong , Zhou Yang , Li Xingxiu
Published: April 2016

Commonly, a non-cooperative space target is tracked using angle-only data. An approach utilised in many tracking problems is to perform an initial orbit determination (IOD) step and then transition to sequential estimation. In this paper, a space-based passive tracking strategy is proposed that combines IOD and sequential estimation. For the space-based IOD problem, a modified Laplace’s method is derived, in which the non-spherical effect of Earth is considered and more than three pairs of angle measurements are fused. For the sequential estimation, a robust filtering algorithm, termed the robust square-root cubature Kalman filter, is developed. An adaptive factor is introduced in the developed algorithm, to ensure robustness to measurement malfunctions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be used in actual engineering applications.
Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad A , Ibrahim MA , Mohammed HA , Erukainure OL , Malami I , Suleiman A , Mansir A , Godwin A , Khalil HA
Published: April 2016

This study was designed to investigate the alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarials in Nigeria. Drugs used were artemisinin, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine at the final concentrations of 0.5–8.0 mg/mL. Blood samples were collected from malarial patients and apparently healthy humans for comparison. Reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, protein content and lipid peroxidation were determined. All drugs significantly ( p < 0.05) increases the protein level relative to control in normal blood, whereas in the infected, a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction was observed. In normal blood, the antimalarials dose dependently decreased ( p < 0.05) SOD and catalase activities with significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the infected. The level of glutathione in normal blood significantly ( p < 0.05) increases as compared with control, whereas in the infected, similar observation was made except that the levels were less, relative to control sample. Malondialdehyde level significantly ( p < 0.05) increases with increase in drugs concentration even though less than the level in the control with few exceptions. These effects were dose dependent and more pronounced in non-malarial conditions. Commonly used antimalarials might alter the redox status in both healthy and non-healthy subjects thereby inducing oxidative stress.
Contemporary understanding of riots: Classical crowd psychology, ideology and the social identity approach
Authors: Stott Clifford , Drury John
Published: April 2016

This article explores the origins and ideology of classical crowd psychology, a body of theory reflected in contemporary popularised understandings such as of the 2011 English ‘riots’. This article argues that during the nineteenth century, the crowd came to symbolise a fear of ‘mass society’ and that ‘classical’ crowd psychology was a product of these fears. Classical crowd psychology pathologised, reified and decontextualised the crowd, offering the ruling elites a perceived opportunity to control it. We contend that classical theory misrepresents crowd psychology and survives in contemporary understanding because it is ideological. We conclude by discussing how classical theory has been supplanted in academic contexts by an identity-based crowd psychology that restores the meaning to crowd action, replaces it in its social context and in so doing transforms theoretical understanding of ‘riots’ and the nature of the self.
Gender and Education: The Vision and Activism of Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
Authors: Quayum Mohammad A.
Published: April 2016

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880–1932) was a pioneering feminist writer, educationist and activist in colonial Bengal, who not only sought to emancipate women from the deeply entrenched values of Indian social and cultural patriarchy through her darkly satirical and provocative writings, but also actively pursued her idea of empowering women through education by setting up a school for Muslim girls. This article will investigate Rokeya’s feminist ideology and her educational programmes undertaken for the betterment of Indian women, especially Bengali Muslim women. I intend to argue that although born into an orthodox family and brought up in strict purdah without any formal education, Rokeya had that rare foresight and courage to challenge the social status quo of her time and ridicule many of the outmoded gender practices in her writings, and even turn gender relations upside down by creating a Ladyland in her utopian narrative Sultana’s Dream ([1905], 1908), in which men are confined to indoors while women run the state. Moreover, she was practical enough to reify her vision by taking steps to eradicate women’s ignorance and invigorate their sense of self, by setting up a school in Calcutta and by running programmes to educate slum women through the association for Muslim women, Anjuman-i-Khwateen-i-Islam, which she founded in 1916—all at a time when Indian Muslim women were expected to live in confinement in the zenana and any attempt to educate them was seen as blasphemous.
Social Capital and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Southeast China
Authors: Lan Gui-Lian , Yuan Zhao-Kang , Clements-Nolle Kristen D. , Cook Angelie , Yuan Ling-Ling , Xu Qun-Ying , Jiang Hong-Ying , Zheng Hui-Lie , Wang Li , Yang Wei
Published: April 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 261 people living with HIV (PLWH) in Southeast China. A social capital questionnaire was used to measure social capital dimensions (trust, social connection, and social participation). A Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) was used to assess Quality of Life (QoL); Physical Health Summary Scores (PHS) and Mental Health Summary Scores (MHS) were calculated. Multiple regression assessed whether social capital and its dimensions were associated with PHS and MHS. After controlling for sociodemographics and HIV-related factors, lower PHS scores were found among participants with low overall social capital ( P < .01) and low trust ( P < .001). Lower MHS scores were found among participants with low overall social capital ( P < .001), low trust ( P < .001) and low social connection ( P < .01). Our findings identify potential intervention targets to improve QoL among PLWH in Southeast China, including the promotion of social capital.