bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malassezia Species Distribution in Cases of Pityriasis Versicolor and Dandruff in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dev Hitendra , Thamke Dipak C , Deotale Vijayashri S
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pityriasis Versicolor (PV) a commonly encountered superficial mycosis is a mild, chronic infection of the stratum corneum. Malassezia species are lipid dependent yeast that are commonly found on human skin and associated with PV and dandruff. Aim: To study the distribution of Malassezia species in cases of PV and Dandruff. Materials and Methods: A tertiary care rural hospital based cross-sectional study was undertaken. Skin scrapings were collected and cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) overlaid with olive oil and modified Dixon agar (mDA). The isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Data was analysed using the Chi-square test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 127 samples of PV, 38.2% were 10% KOH positive. A total of 76 yielded growth. The most common isolate was M.sympodialis (53.06%), followed by M.furfur (26.53%), M.globosa (16.33%) and M.slooffiae (4.08%). Of the 51 cases of dandruff cases, 27 samples yielded growth and the most common isolate was M.sympodialis (62.96%), followed by M.furfur (25.93%), M.globosa (11.11%). Conclusion: PV and dandruff are the common surface infections in this rural region and Malassezia sympodialis is the commonest species associated with these conditions.
Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses in Organ Donation and the Influence of Interventions-A Systematic Review
Authors: Reena Manimuthu , Arumugam Pothipillai , Paul Sony , Kannan Iyanar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Nurses are important paramedical staff taking care of potential organ donors, poor knowledge and attitude of nurses towards organ donation may worsen the nonavailability of organ for transplantation. Hence, in such scenario the nurses should be given interventions in the form of workshops, audio-visual presentations and certificate courses to develop their knowledge and attitude in organ donation. Aim: In the present systematic review, an attempt was made to find the current scenario of knowledge and attitude of nurses and the effectiveness of the programmes conducted to foster them. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE database was used to retrieve the articles. The MeSH term used was “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study, organ donation, nurses, organ transplantation, workshop, education programme, intervention”. The Pubmed advanced search was used. Boolean operator ‘AND’ was used in between the MeSH terms in the advanced search. A descriptive analysis was done on the data available in the articles. Results: From the literature it was evident that in most of the circumstances the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among nurses is not satisfactory. However, few studies state that nurses do possess adequate knowledge regarding organ donation and are influenced by many factors like age, experience and the unit in which they work. The studies concluded that the knowledge of nurses has improved after the intervention programmes. Conclusion: From this systematic review it was found that the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards organ donation is not to the expected level and the interventions like workshop and peer education do improve their knowledge to considerable level.
Evaluation of Pathological Response in Post-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Breast Carcinoma Specimens using Residual Cancer Burden System
Authors: Perubhotla Lakshmi Manasa , Kodandapani Suseela , Murthy Sudha S
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Many systems have been proposed to classify the degree of tumour response to therapy in post-neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) breast cancers. The Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) developed by MD Anderson cancer hospital is an online tool for the quantification of residual disease that is easy to practice, reproducible, and the RCB score has been clinically validated as independent prognostic factor for long-term survival. Aim: To evaluate the methodology for grossing and microscopic examination for assessing pathologic response in postNACT breast cancer specimens using RCB system developed by MD Anderson cancer institute and its feasibility for routine practice. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute Hyderabad over a duration of three months from May 2018 to July 2018. Histologically proven breast carcinoma patients who were treated with both NACT and surgery were included in the study. Before surgery, these patients were treated with either anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen with or without additional taxanes or targeted therapy with transtuzumab. RCB score and class were calculated to assess pathologic response to NACT. Analysis was performed individually by two senior pathologists, who has expertise in breast pathology and a junior pathologist. Consensus opinion was noted in case of discrepancies. Results: The study included 50 carcinoma breast specimens. All the cases werefemales. 49 cases were diagnosed as invasive carcinoma, No Special Type (NST) and one was lobular carcinoma. pCR (Pathological complete response) was seen in 9 (18%) and residual disease was seen in 41 (82%) patients. Conclusion: The present study highlights feasibility of application of RCB system in assessing pathological response following NACT in breast cancer. Incorporating RCB score and class in the reporting helps the surgical pathologist to overcome sampling errors caused by heterogeneously variable cellularity commonly encountered in these type of specimens.
Quantitative Assessment of Interleukin-6 and Ferritin Levels and its Clinical Correlation among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yesupatham Susanna Theophilus , Rathnasabapathy Preethi , Sujatha MP , Mohiyuddin SM Azeem , Suryanarayana Ravishankar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global challenge threatening human life worldwide. Early recognition of severe forms of COVID-19 infection is critically essential for timely triaging of COVID-19 patients. Biochemical Parameters correlating clinically with the severity of COVID-19 infection amidst testing of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) levels can serve in timely management of severe COVID-19 infections. Aim: To estimate the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokine serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum ferritin levels and to clinically correlate these markers with COVID-19 disease severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional single center study conducted in a Tertiary care Hospital and Research Center from July 2020 to September 2020, 113 COVID-19 positive patients confirmed by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were included, Serum IL-6 and Serum Ferritin levels were measured in the patient’s blood sample using standard Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Vitros ECi Immunodiagnostics respectively. Data obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS Software version 22. Results: Of the 113 COVID-19 infected patients, 53 were included in Group A, 27 patients in Group B and 33 patients in Group C. Mean±SD of Serum IL-6 levels were 10.92±2.65, 40.05±11.66 and 120.92±40.96 (p<0.001) and Serum Ferritin levels 368.21±374.85, 309.15±291.58, and 433.45±376.13, respectively. Conclusion: IL-6 correlated significantly with disease severity of COVID-19 infection and can be judiciously used for stratification and management of COVID-19 infected patients. Serum Ferritin concentration were found to be high in severe cases of COVID-19 infections and did not show any significant variation compared with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 infection.
Project-Based Learning in Pharmacology during COVID-19 Lockdown for Second Phase Medical Undergraduates
Authors: Jose Jinish , Ali Irshad , Palappallil Dhanya Sasidharan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Project-based learning has both constructionist as well as constructivist principles that engage the students in autonomous deep learning. Aim: To obtain the perceptions of participants on project-based learning in the subject of Pharmacology during COVID-19 lockdown. Materials and Methods: This was an online questionnaire-based descriptive study done on the Google platform. A series of integrated lectures were conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine on diabetes, lipid dysfunction and thyroid disorder for second year MBBS students. The study was conducted from August to November 2020 in a medical college in Kerala, India. Google-based project submission was done after identifying a patient at home or neighbourhood with the disease covered after each integrated lecture. A validated questionnaire was used to obtain feedback about the project-based learning on a Likert scale. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 software for Windows. Results: The response rate was 76.9% (100 out of 130). The majority of the participants agreed/totally agreed to statements on professional attributes attained during project-based learning session like the ability to think creatively (60%), make observations (71%), compile information (80%), assess and make a decision (59%), analyse situations of professional practice (65%), develop oral communication skills (57%), develop Self-Directed Learning (SDL) (70%), develop skills needed for professional practice (54%), develop empathy towards patients with disease (79%) and develop self-confidence in learning the subject (63%) with a median score of 4. The majority of participants agreed/totally agreed to the effectiveness of the project-based learning in helping acquire various clinical and theoretical competencies during COVID-19 lockdown. The majority of the participants and the patient identified at home were happy to be part of the project-based learning. Conclusion: The majority of the participants were in agreement with the questions posed to them with a median score of 4, however, a neutral opinion was obtained on the acquisition of written communication skills as well as their family members having better compliance after getting involved in project-based learning.
Transfusion Strategy and Postoperative Complications in Adults Undergoing Cardiac and Vascular Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Libonati Letícia Gonçalves , Gatto Gabriella Cury Ribeiro , Pereira Marcos , Neto Marinho Marques da Silva
Published: June 2021

Background: Bleeding is frequent in cardiac and vascular surgery (CVS) having a greater need for transfusion. Studies have observed an increase in complications in transfused patients, and in this context the use of a liberal strategy (LS) was questioned, and a restrictive strategy (RS) gained space in the scientific environment. However, the effects of these strategies remain uncertain. This study aimed to verify if there is an association between the transfusion strategy and the occurrence of postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing CVS.

Methodology: Searches were performed in four databases and manually. The selection was made from studies with adult patients who underwent CVS that required transfusion, and the outcome variable was the complications arising from this procedure. The languages were restricted to Portuguese and English. The Stata software was used for meta-analysis.

Results: Six publications, involving 6,187 patients, were included. In four studies there was no evidence that the risk of mortality and adverse events differed among patients allocated to an RS transfusion versus an LS. On the other hand, two studies raised a possible RS inferiority, however, the meta-analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two strategies. Furthermore, another study also suggested that the number of red blood cell units transfused was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of complications.

Conclusions: RS is not inferior to LS in terms of postoperative complications in CVS, but other randomized clinical trials are necessary to better define the minimum allowed value for the RS.
Research Protocol for Assessment of Solitary and Combined effect of Guduchi and Punarnava on Structural and Functional Changes of Ageing in Liver and Kidney in Wistar Rats
Authors: Tawalare Kalpana , Dandekar Pradnya , Desai Priti , Tawalare Kiran
Published: June 2021

Background: The liver and kidney play a central role in metabolic and detoxification processes leads to structural degeneration of organs with aging, which may hamper the functional ability of these organs. Acharya charaka suggests to use drugs of vayasthapana mahakashaya in different combinations to prevent ageing. Guduchi (Tinospora cardifolia) and punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) are two drugs chosen to evaluate the solitary and combined effect on structural and functional changes in liver and kidney of Wistar rat.

Materials and Methods: After identification and phytochemical study of test drugs, the 32 healthy, male rats of 18 months will be divided into four different groups, with eight rats in each group. 1st to 4th group will receive distilled water, guduchi kwath, punarnava kwath, guduchi and punarnava kwath respectively for 30 consecutive days at the rate of 8.1ml/kg dose, orally. Before administration of control drug and test drug blood sample assessment will be done for LFT, KFT, and SOD level. The same investigation will be repeated after one month trial period. Then after 60 days,120 days and 180 days, two animals from each group will be sacrificed, organs such as liver and kidney will be extracted and preserved for histopathological study, and blood samples will be collected for investigation. The remaining animals will be returned to the animal house for their reuse.

Expected Results: Guduchi and punarnava may provide strength to liver and kidney and thus helpful in delaying degenerative changes of organs.
THE INFLUENCE Of CASHLESS PAYMENT USAGE AND PROTECTION AGAINST FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN KEDIRI
Authors: Lenniawati Merlin , Anastasia Njo
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effect of the use of cashless payment system and the protection of cashless payment users on financial inclusion in MSEs in Kediri. The sample used in this study amounted to 400 respondents. Data were collected using an online questionnaire via Google Form. The data analysis method used in this study is PLS. The analysis test results show that there is a significant effect of using the cashless payment system on financial inclusion in MSEs (Micro and Small Enterprises) Kediri.
Advances in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Academic Research to Commercial Viability
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Tianyi , Tian Huajun , Su Dawei , Zhang Qiang , Wang Guoxiu
Published: June 2021

Lithium‐ion batteries, which have revolutionized portable electronics over the past three decades, were eventually recognized with the 2019 Nobel Prize in chemistry. As the energy density of current lithium‐ion batteries is approaching its limit, developing new battery technologies beyond lithium‐ion chemistry is significant for next‐generation high energy storage. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, which rely on the reversible redox reactions between lithium and sulfur, appears to be a promising energy storage system to take over from the conventional lithium‐ion batteries for next‐generation energy storage owing to their overwhelming energy density compared to the existing lithium‐ion batteries today. Over the past 60 years, especially the past decade, significant academic and commercial progress has been made on Li–S batteries. From the concept of the sulfur cathode first proposed in the 1960s to the current commercial Li–S batteries used in unmanned aircraft, the story of Li–S batteries is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. Herein, the development and advancement of Li–S batteries in terms of sulfur‐based composite cathode design, separator modification, binder improvement, electrolyte optimization, and lithium metal protection is summarized. An outlook on the future directions and prospects for Li–S batteries is also offered.
Recent Advances in Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals/Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zhang Mingyue , Biesold Gill M. , Choi Woosung , He Yanjie , Li Zili , Shen Dingfeng , Lin Zhiqun
Published: June 2021

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have recently garnered tremendous research interest due to their unique optoelectronic properties and promising applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Metal halide PNCs can be combined with polymers to create nanocomposites that carry an array of advantageous characteristics. The polymer matrix can bestow stability, stretchability, and solution‐processability while the PNCs maintain their size‐, shape‐ and composition‐dependent optoelectronic properties. As such, these nanocomposites possess great promise for next‐generation displays, lighting, sensing, biomedical technologies, and energy conversion. The recent advances in metal halide PNC/polymer nanocomposites are summarized here. First, a variety of synthetic strategies for crafting PNC/polymer nanocomposites are discussed. Second, their array of intriguing properties is examined. Third, the broad range of applications of PNC/polymer nanocomposites is highlighted, including light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and scintillators. Finally, an outlook on future research directions and challenges in this rapidly evolving field are presented.
Tailoring of White Luminescence in a NaLi3SiO4:Eu2+ Phosphor Containing Broad‐Band Defect‐Induced Charge‐Transfer Emission
Authors: Zhao Ming , Yang Zhiyu , Ning Lixin , Xia Zhiguo
Published: June 2021

Single‐component materials with white‐light emission are ideal for lighting applications. However, it is very challenging to achieve white luminescence in single‐dopant activated solid phosphors. Herein, white NaLi3Si1−xO4:Eu2+ materials are designed via defect engineering and synthesized by reducing the Si content (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.25). Stochiometric NaLi3SiO4:Eu2+ exhibits a narrow‐band blue emission at 469 nm, ascribed to the 5d → 4f transition of Eu2+ at highly symmetric cuboid Na sites, while samples with Si content reduced by 15–25% display white emission with two peaks at 472 nm and 585 nm. The newly appeared broadband yellow peak arises from charge‐transfer transitions involving Eu2+ and nearby defects, as verified by an unusual bandwidth, a large Stokes shift, and a long decay time. A single‐component white light‐emitting diode device is fabricated by employing a white phosphor to demonstrate a color‐rendering index of 82.9. This result provides a new design strategy for single‐component white‐light materials with broad‐band defect‐induced charge‐transfer emission.
2D NbOI2: A Chiral Semiconductor with Highly In‐Plane Anisotropic Electrical and Optical Properties
Authors: Fang Yuqiang , Wang Fakun , Wang Ruiqi , Zhai Tianyou , Huang Fuqiang
Published: June 2021

Exploring in‐plane anisotropic 2D materials is of great significance to the fundamental studies and further development of polarizationsensitive optoelectronics. Herein, chiral niobium oxide diiodide (NbOI2) is introduced into the intriguing anisotropic 2D family with the experimental demonstration of anisotropic optical and electrical properties. 2D NbOI2 crystals exhibit highly anisotropic dispersed band structures around the Fermi surface and strong in‐plane anisotropy of phonon vibrations owing to the different bonding modes of Nb atoms along the b‐ and c‐axes. Consequently, the anisotropic factors of optical absorbance and photoresponsivity in 2D NbOI2 crystals reach up to 1.75 and 1.7, respectively. These anisotropic properties make 2D NbOI2 an interesting platform for novel polarization‐sensitive optoelectronic applications.
Conception of a Smart Artificial Retina Based on a Dual‐Mode Organic Sensing Inverter
Authors: Hung Chih‐Chien , Chiang Yun‐Chi , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Chang
Published: June 2021

The human visual system enables perceiving, learning, remembering, and recognizing elementary visual information (light, colors, and images), which has inspired the development of biomimicry visual system‐based electronic devices. Photosensing and synaptic devices are integrated into these systems to realize elementary information storage and recognition to imitate image processing. However, the severe restrictions of the monotonic light response and complicated circuitry design remain challenges for the development of artificial visual devices. Here, the concept of a smart artificial retina based on an organic optical sensing inverter device that can be operated as a multiwavelength photodetector and recorder is reported first. The device exhibits a light‐triggered broadband (red/green/blue) response, a low energy consumption as low as ±5 V, and an ultrafast response speed (<300 ms). Moreover, the multifunctional component is also combined within a single cell for health monitoring of the artificial retina during light surveillance to avoid retinopathy. Proof‐of‐concept devices, by simplifying the circuitry and providing dual‐mode functions, can contribute significantly to the development of bionics design and broaden the horizon for smart artificial retinas in the human visual system.
Integrated Ionic‐Additive Assisted Wet‐Spinning of Highly Conductive and Stretchable PEDOT:PSS Fiber for Fibrous Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Chen Yanping , Meng Jie , Xu Yiman , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Hou Chengyi , Sun Hengda , Wang Gang , Wang Hongzhi
Published: June 2021

As one of the most prevalently used conductive polymers, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been studied for many years. Recently, especially with the development of smart clothing and wearable devices, PEDOT:PSS fiber is becoming the focus of researchers. However, the undesirable conductivity and stretchability hinder its applications. In this work, an integrated ionic‐additive assisted wet‐spinning strategy (IIAWS) is demonstrated to address the existing bottlenecks. The fabricated fiber exhibited an extremely high conductivity of 3573 S cm−1 and stretchability of about 30%. The mechanisms for conductivity enhancement in the entire preparation process are systematically studied and clarified. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state fibrous organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) device based on the PEDOT:PSS fiber is fabricated with a transconductance of 2.44 mS and impressive bending property.
Personal protective equipment use during industrial hog operation work activities and acute lung function changes in a prospective worker cohort, North Carolina 2014–2015
Authors: Coffman Vanessa R. , Hall Devon J. , Pisanic Nora , Nadimpalli Maya , McCormack Meredith , Diener‐West Marie , Davis Meghan F. , Heaney Christopher D.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Occupational activities related to industrial hog operation (IHO) worker lung function are not well defined. Therefore, we aimed to identify IHO work activities associated with diminished respiratory function and the effectiveness, if any, of personal protective equipment (PPE) use on IHOs.

Methods

From 2014 to 2015, 103 IHO workers were enrolled and followed for 16 weeks. At each biweekly visit, work activities and PPE use were self‐reported via questionnaire and lung function measurements were collected via spirometry. Generalized linear and linear fixed‐effects models were fitted to cross‐sectional and longitudinal data.

Results

Increasing years worked on an IHO were associated with diminished lung function, but baseline and longitudinal work activities were largely inconsistent in direction and magnitude. Unexpectedly, a −0.3 L (95% confidence interval: −0.6, −0.04) difference in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was estimated when workers wore PPE consistently (≥80% of the time at work) versus those weeks they did not. In post‐hoc analyses, we found that coveralls and facemasks were worn less consistently when workers experienced worse barn conditions and had more contact with pigs, but coveralls were worn more consistently as cleaning activities increased.

Conclusions

Similar to past studies, baseline estimates were likely obscured by healthy worker effect bias, but showed decrements in worker lung function as years of work increased. A challenge to disentangling the effect of work activities on lung function was the discovery that IHO workers used PPE differently according to the work task. These data suggest that interventions may be targeted toward improving barn conditions so that workers can consistently utilize IHO‐provided PPE.
Leprosy in medieval Denmark: Exploring life histories through a multi‐tissue and multi‐isotopic approach
Authors: Brozou Anastasia , Fuller Benjamin T. , Grimes Vaughan , Lynnerup Niels , Boldsen Jesper L. , Jørkov Marie Louise , Pedersen Dorthe Dangvard , Olsen Jesper , Mannino Marcello A.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

By focusing on two Danishleprosaria(Næstved and Odense; 13th–16th c. CE) and using diet and origin as proxies, we follow a multi‐isotopic approach to reconstruct life histories of patients and investigate how leprosy affected both institutionalized individuals and the medieval Danish community as a whole.

Materials and Methods

We combine archaeology, historical sources, biological anthropology, isotopic analyses (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S,87Sr/86Sr) and radiocarbon dating, and further analyze bones with different turnover rates (ribs and long bones).

Results

The δ13C, δ15N and δ34S results indicate a C3terrestrial diet with small contributions of marine protein for leprosy patients and individuals from other medieval Danish sites. A similar diet is seen through time, between males and females, and patients with and without changes on facial bones. The isotopic comparison between ribs and long bones reveals no significant dietary change. The δ34S and87Sr/86Sr results suggest that patients were local to the regions of theleprosaria. Moreover, the radiocarbon dates show a mere 50% agreement with the arm position dating method used in Denmark.

Conclusions

A local origin for the leprosy patients is in line with historical evidence, unlike the small dietary contribution of marine protein. Although only 10% of the analyzed individuals have rib/long bone offsets that undoubtedly show a dietary shift, the data appear to reveal a pattern for 25 individuals (out of 50), with elevated δ13C and/or δ15N values in the ribs compared to the long bones, which points toward a communal type of diet and reveals organizational aspects of the institution.
Enzyme‐Cleavable Linkers for Protein Chemical Synthesis through Solid‐Phase Ligations
Authors: Abboud Skander A. , Amoura Mehdi , Madinier Jean‐Baptiste , Renoux Brigitte , Papot Sébastien , Piller Véronique , Aucagne Vincent
Published: June 2021

The total synthesis of long proteins requires the assembly of multiple fragments through successive ligations. The need for intermediate purification steps is a strong limitation, particularly in terms of overall yield. One solution to this problem would be solid‐supported chemical ligation (SPCL), for which a first peptide segment must be immobilized on a SPCL‐compatible solid support through a linker that can be cleaved under very mild conditions to release the assembled protein. The cleavage of SPCL linkers has previously required chemical conditions sometimes incompatible with sensitive protein targets. Herein, we describe an alternative enzymatic approach to trigger cleavage under extremely mild and selective conditions. Optimization of the linker structure and use of a small enzyme able to diffuse into the solid support were key to the success of the strategy. We demonstrated its utility by the assembly of three peptide segments on the basis of native chemical ligation to afford a 15 kDa polypeptide.
Current‐Density Regulating Lithium Metal Directional Deposition for Long Cycle‐Life Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Mao Heng , Yu Wei , Cai Zhuanyun , Liu Guixian , Liu Limin , Wen Rui , Su Yaqiong , Kou Huari , Xi Kai , Li Benqiang , Zhao Hongyang , Da Xinyu , Wu Hu , Yan Wei , Ding Shujiang
Published: June 2021

Uncontrolled dendrite formation in the high energy density of lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) may pose serious safety risks. While numerous studies have attempted to protect separators, these proposed methods fail to effectively inhibit upward dendrite growth that punctures through the separator. Here, we introduce a novel “orientated‐growth” strategy that transfers the main depositional interface to the anode/current collector interface from the anode/separator interface. We placed a layer of cellulose/graphene carbon composite aerogel (CCA) between the current collector and the anode (LCL‐bottom). This layer works as a charge organizer that induces a high current density and encourages Li to deposit at the anode/current collector interface. Both in situ and ex situ images of the electrode demonstrate that the anode part of the cell has been flipped; with the newly deposited particles facing the current collector and the smooth surface facing the separator. The electrode in half and full cells showed outstanding cyclic stability and rate capability, with the LCL‐bottom/LFP full cell capable of maintaining 94 % of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles.
Influence of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Reactions of Redox Cofactor Solutions
Authors: Park Jimin , Koehler Florian , Varnavides Georgios , Antonini Marc‐Joseph , Anikeeva Polina
Published: June 2021

Redox cofactors mediate many enzymatic processes and are increasingly employed in biomedical and energy applications. Exploring the influence of external magnetic fields on redox cofactor chemistry can enhance our understanding of magnetic‐field‐sensitive biological processes and allow the application of magnetic fields to modulate redox reactions involving cofactors. Through a combination of experiments and modeling, we investigate the influence of magnetic fields on electrochemical reactions in redox cofactor solutions. By employing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor as a model system, we characterize magnetically induced changes in Faradaic currents. We find that radical pair intermediates have negligible influence on current increases in FMN solution upon application of a magnetic field. The dominant mechanism underlying the observed current increases is the magneto‐hydrodynamic effect. We extend our analyses to other diffusion‐limited electrochemical reactions of redox cofactor solutions and arrive at similar conclusions, highlighting the opportunity to use this framework in redox cofactor chemistry.
Deciphering Competitive Routes for Nickel‐Based Nanoparticle Electrodeposition by an Operando Optical Monitoring
Authors: Godeffroy Louis , Ciocci Paolo , Nsabimana Anaclet , Miranda Vieira Mathias , Noël Jean‐Marc , Combellas Catherine , Lemineur Jean‐François , Kanoufi Frédéric
Published: June 2021

Electrodeposition of earth‐abundant iron group metals such as nickel is difficult to characterize by simple electrochemical analyses since the reduction of their metal salts often competes with inhibiting reactions. This makes the mechanistic interpretation sometimes contradictory, preventing unambiguous predictions about the nature and structure of the electrodeposited material. Herein, the complexity of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) electrodeposition on indium tin oxide (ITO) is unraveled operando and at a single entity NP level by optical microscopy correlated to ex situ SEM imaging. Our correlative approach allows differentiating the dynamics of formation of two different NP populations, metallic Ni and Ni(OH)2 with a <25 nm limit of detection, their formation being ruled by the competition between Ni2+ and water reduction. At the single NP level this results in a self‐terminated growth, an information which is most often hidden in ensemble averaged measurements.
An Element‐Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High‐Energy Blue Phosphorescence
Authors: Shoji Yoshiaki , Ikabata Yasuhiro , Ryzhii Ivan , Ayub Rabia , El Bakouri Ouissam , Sato Taiga , Wang Qi , Miura Tomoaki , Karunathilaka Buddhika S. B. , Tsuchiya Youichi , Adachi Chihaya , Ottosson Henrik , Nakai Hiromi , Ikoma Tadaaki , Fukushima Takanori
Published: June 2021

1,3,2,4‐Diazadiboretidine, an isoelectronic heteroanalogue of cyclobutadiene, is an interesting chemical species in terms of comparison with the carbon system, whereas its properties have never been investigated experimentally. According to Baird's rule, Hückel antiaromatic cyclobutadiene acquires aromaticity in the lowest triplet state. Here we report experimental and theoretical studies on the ground‐ and excited‐state antiaromaticity/aromaticity as well as the photophysical properties of an isolable 1,3,2,4‐diazadiboretidine derivative. The crystal structure of the diazadiboretidine derivative revealed that the B2N2 ring adopts a planar rhombic geometry in the ground state. Yet, theoretical calculations showed that the B2N2 ring turns to a square geometry with a nonaromatic character in the lowest triplet state. Notably, the diazadiboretidine derivative has the lowest singlet and triplet states lying at close energy levels and displays blue phosphorescence.
Cochlear apical morphology in toothed whales: Using the pairing hair cell—Deiters' cell as a marker to detect lesions
Authors: Morell Maria , IJsseldijk Lonneke L. , Piscitelli‐Doshkov Marina , Ostertag Sonja , Estrade Vanessa , Haulena Martin , Doshkov Paul , Bourien Jérôme , Raverty Stephen A. , Siebert Ursula , Puel Jean‐Luc , Shadwick Robert E.
Published: June 2021

The apex or apical region of the cochlear spiral within the inner ear encodes for low‐frequency sounds. The disposition of sensory hair cells on the organ of Corti is largely variable in the apical region of mammals, and it does not necessarily follow the typical three‐row pattern of outer hair cells (OHCs). As most underwater noise sources contain low‐frequency components, we expect to find most lesions in the apical region of the cochlea of toothed whales, in cases of permanent noise‐induced hearing loss. To further understand how man‐made noise might affect cetacean hearing, there is a need to describe normal morphological features of the apex and document interspecific anatomic variations in cetaceans. However, distinguishing between apical normal variability and hair cell death is challenging. We describe anatomical features of the organ of Corti of the apex in 23 ears from five species of toothed whales (harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena, spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris, pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata, pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps, and beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas) by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Our results showed an initial region where the lowest frequencies are encoded with two or three rows of OHCs, followed by the typical configuration of three OHC rows and three rows of supporting Deiters' cells. Whenever two rows of OHCs were detected, there were usually only two corresponding rows of supporting Deiters' cells, suggesting that the number of rows of Deiters' cells is a good indicator to distinguish between normal and pathological features.
An integrated geophysical and archaeological approach to the study of the Late Medieval castle in Żelechów in Mazovia, Poland
Authors: Bis Wojciech , Herbich Tomasz , Ryndziewicz Robert , Osiadacz Mateusz , Radomski Maciej , Cembrzyński Paweł , Zbieranowski Michał , Majewski Jarosław
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present the results of the 2016–2019 study of the residence of the noble Ciołek family, in Żelechów (Mazovia, eastern Poland). The complex, located on a marshy and overgrown terrain, was recently discovered through the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data analysis. The site was surveyed using three geophysical methods: magnetometry (fluxgate gradiometer); electrical resistivity (two level twin‐probe profiling); ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) (450‐MHz antenna). The data allowed to formulate hypotheses on the layout of the complex, its functions, phases and used building materials, which were verified by simultaneously conducted archaeological excavations. Adopted interdisciplinary approach resulted in the comprehensive exploration of the large defensive residence and the reconstruction of its phases with only a minor use of the intrusive archaeological excavation method. The examination of written records and dendrochronological and numismatic analyses allowed to date the complex to the 15th–17th century as well as to verify some hypotheses formulated based on the geophysical data. The presented study gives an impulse for transdisciplinary geophysical, archaeological and historical exploration of rarely identified and scarcely researched noble residences on the border between two medieval administrative regions—Mazovia and Lesser Poland.
Environmental analysis on the first documented tornado outbreak in China
Authors: Bai Lanqiang
Published: June 2021

This study presents an analysis on the storm environmental features during the first recorded tornado outbreak in the modern history of China on August 13–14, 2018. Eleven reported tornadoes were spawned within a 20‐hr period by Typhoon Yagi (1814) during its dissipating stage after its landfall. They primarily formed when Yagi was at a relatively weak intensity. Six tornadoes were generated after that Yagi had lost its intensity as a tropical depression. These tornadoes were mainly located in the northeast quadrant with respect to the typhoon center. Specifically, they were concentrated in the overlapping region of the large storm relative helicity (SRH) and large entraining convective available potential energy (E‐CAPE) that considers the effects of the environmental air entrainment. The intrusion of midlevel dry air was responsible for the spatial pattern of large‐value E‐CAPE. Special focus was further put into the dynamical diagnosis of the cause that the maxima in SRH were distributed in Yagi's northeast sector. On cylindrical coordinates, the northeast quadrant was characterized by the strongest upward increase in the radial velocity in a layer of 950–700 hPa, which resulted from the interaction between the typhoon circulation and the subtropical high and a midlevel trough. The resultant in‐up‐out radial wind profile contributed to the large helicity in the northeast quadrant. In the lowest 50 hPa layer, the helicity was mainly owed to the upward increase in the tangential velocity associated with typhoon vortex. The diagnoses of the atmospheric environment for the tornado outbreak in this case may provide additional benefit for assessing the tornado risk within landfalling tropical cyclones in China.
The effect of environmental regulations, top management commitment, and organizational learning on green product innovation: Evidence from automobile industry
Authors: Bhatia Manjot Singh , Jakhar Suresh Kumar
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes and empirically examines a model to investigate the effect of environmental regulations, top management commitment (TMCO) and organizational learning toward green product innovation (GPI). The proposed theoretical model, grounded in dynamic capabilities view (DCV) and upper echelons theory, is analyzed by Partial least squares (PLS) method using the data from Indian automotive manufacturing firms. The findings indicate the importance of TMCO and organizational learning for implementing GPI (in response to regulations), and achieve desired performance. Further, organizational learning fully mediates between commitment of top management and GPI. The findings can be useful for managers in automotive manufacturing firms who are interested toward implementing GPI. The paper contributes to green innovation literature by empirically examining the role of TMCO and organizational learning for GPI.
Interactions of the Main Components in Paper‐Plastic‐Aluminum Complex Packaging Wastes during the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Wang Ying , Zhu Yitong , Fang Changqing , Xu Donghai , Zheng Xing
Published: June 2021

Hydrothermal liquefaction was applied to treat paper‐plastic‐aluminum (Al‐PE‐Pa) complex packaging waste for bio‐oil production. The interactive effects between the main components of paper fiber, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and aluminum foil in such complex material were studied. The co‐liquefaction of paper fiber and LDPE had a significant synergistic effect. The addition of hydrogen‐rich LDPE effectively promoted the removal of oxygen‐containing groups. Aluminum foil had only a slight impact on the liquefaction of paper fiber, but it can significantly decrease the oxygen content of the bio‐oil, increase the high heating value of the bio‐oil, and significantly reduce the ester and phenol contents in the bio‐oil. The co‐liquefaction of paper fiber/LPDE/aluminum foil exhibited superimposed effects of paper‐plastic synergy and in‐situ hydrogenation of Al‐H2O reaction. A new pathway for the energy utilization of Al‐PE‐Pa complex packaging waste is provided.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Capsules with Appended Spiropyran Units: Towards Controlled Cargo Release
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Moncelsi Giulia , Aragay Gemma , Ballester Pablo
Published: June 2021

We report the synthesis of unprecedented tetra‐urea derivatives of calix[4]arene and calix[4]pyrrole containing four spiropyran (SP) units at their upper rim. We investigate the photo‐ and acid‐induced isomerization of the monomeric and homo‐dimeric tetra‐ureas derivatives using UV‐Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopies. At micromolar concentration, irradiation of the samples with 365 nm light induces changes in their absorption spectra that are consistent with SP→merocyanine (MC) isomerization. However, analogous experiments at millimolar concentration do not produce noticeable changes in the 1H NMR spectra. The addition of triflic acid to micromolar and millimolar solutions of the tetra‐ureas produces the quantitative isomerization of the SP units to the protonated merocyanine form (E‐MCH+) and the simultaneous disassembly of the capsular dimers to form ill‐defined aggregates. The neutralization of the acid solutions resets the SP form. Under these acid/base treatment conditions, the controlled release of the included guest and the reassembly of the all‐SP tetra‐urea dimers occurs at different extents depending on its calix[4]arene or calix[4]pyrrole scaffold.
Non‐conventional Behavior of a 2,1‐Benzazaphosphole: Heterodiene or Hidden Phosphinidene?
Authors: Kremláček Vít , Kertész Erik , Benkő Zoltán , Erben Milan , Jirásko Robert , Růžička Aleš , Jambor Roman , Dostál Libor
Published: June 2021

The titled 2,1‐benzazaphosphole (1) (i. e. ArP, where Ar=2‐(DippN=CH)C6H4, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) showed a spectacular reactivity behaving both as a reactive heterodiene in hetero‐Diels‐Alder (DA) reactions or as a hidden phosphinidene in the coordination toward selected transition metals (TMs). Thus,1reacts with electron‐deficient alkynes RC≡CR (R=CO2Me, C5F4N) giving 1‐phospha‐1,4‐dihydro‐iminonaphthalenes2and3, that undergo hydrogen migration producing 1‐phosphanaphthalenes4and5. Compound1is also able to activate the C=C double bond in selectedN‐alkyl/aryl‐maleimides RN(C(O)CH)2(R=Me,tBu, Ph) resulting in the addition products7–9with bridged bicyclic [2.2.1] structures. The binding of the maleimides to1is semi‐reversible upon heating. By contrast, when1was treated with selected TM complexes, it serves as a 4edonor bridging two TMs thus producing complexes [μ‐ArP(AuCl)2] (10), [(μ‐ArP)4Ag4][X]4(X=BF4(11), OTf (12)) and [μ‐ArP(Co2(CO)6)] (13). The structure and electron distribution of the starting material1as well as of other compounds were also studied from the theoretical point of view.
Efficient Decomposition of Formaldehyde on Ni−Al Hydrotalcite/AlOOH Nanocomposites Decorated with Pt Nanoparticles at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Qin Lifan , Cheng Hefa
Published: June 2021

Nanocomposites of nickel‐aluminum hydrotalcite (Ni−Al HT) and boehmite (AlOOH) decorated with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and evaluated for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature. Experimental results showed that Ni−Al HT modification improved the activity of Pt/AlOOH, and the nanocomposite with Ni/Al molar ratio of 1 : 9 (Pt/Ni1Al9) exhibited remarkable and stable catalytic activity. Characterization results indicated that Pt/Ni1Al9 had a larger specific surface area, higher degree of Pt NPs dispersion, and more surface active sites compared to the nanocomposites with other Ni/Al ratios. The enhanced catalytic activity of Pt/Ni1Al9 was attributed to the generation of more surface active oxygen species from the adsorbed oxygen molecules, which was activated by the electron transfer between Ni−Al HT and Pt/AlOOH, and the suitable interaction and synergistic effect among Ni−Al HT, Pt NPs, and AlOOH. These findings indicate that the nanocomposites of Ni−Al hydrotalcite and boehmite hold significant promises for removal of indoor formaldehyde.
Inception of a pediatric cancer caregiver support group guided by parental needs
Authors: Rao Vasudha N. , Anantharaman Rajeshwari Rajeshwari , Rajagopal Revathi , Normen Michelle
Published: June 2021

Background

Survivorship in childhood cancers has steadily improved and increased the need for caregivers to provide a longer duration of care both in the hospital and at home. Involving parents and caregivers to voice their unmet needs could significantly impact and direct the institution of support groups.

Aims

To ascertain the need for a pediatric caregiver support group based on a survey that explored the unmet needs of caregivers of children with cancer.

Methods

Caregivers of pediatric patients (n = 17) undergoing treatment at the hospital were requested to complete our Pediatric Caregiver Psycho‐social Needs Survey. The survey encompassed questions on different aspects of caregiving and the caveats felt by the caregivers. The needs were categorized into seven main domains (physical, emotional, family‐related issues, spiritual, social, logistics, and information) that focused on understanding the importance and the perceived level of professional support that was expected. The data was analyzed using SPSS.

Results

The most often reported needs were (i) emotional concerns with the majority reporting fear (58.8%), (ii) logistics‐related needs for play/art‐based activities (58.8%), (iii) informational needs focusing on understanding diagnosis/prognosis (47.1%), side‐effects of treatment and physical changes (41.2%). Family‐related needs escalated when caregivers (23.5%) looked after other ill family members at home. Caregivers (23.5%) also reported Spiritual concerns suggesting the need for religious/spiritual support in the hospital. Majority of caregivers (82.4%) expressed interest to be part of a pediatric caregiver support group. However, professional support sought for was much lesser compared to the percentage of needs/concerns expressed.

Conclusion

Our study highlighted the unmet needs of caregivers which included emotional, logistics‐related needs, and concerns about information. Hence, the goal is to provide a unified platform through a support group that holistically can address needs and empower caregivers.