bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity and Serum Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP) Tested by Various Methods
Authors: Lipiński B , Nowak A , Odrzywolska A , Dosiak J
Published: June 2018

It was found in the present work that the level of serum fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) determined by the immunoassay method correlated well with the staphylococcal clumping titer in serum (correlation coefficient r = 0.68). The content of FDP in serum of 30 healthy subjects and patients with various diseases did not correlate, however, neither with blood fibrinolytic activity estimated by the euglobulin clot lysis time, nor with fibrinogen content and plasma anticlotting activity. It is concluded, that FDP appear in circulation as a result of local proteolytic degradation of intravascularly deposited fibrin without generalized activation of fibrinolysis.
Proteolytic Activity of the Activator Produced by Streptokinase in Human Plasma
Authors: Claeys H , Amery A , Verhaeghe R
Published: June 2018

In the in vitro activation of the fibrinolytic system of human plasma by streptokinase (SK) maximal caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity was found at a SK concentration of 2.103 u/ml plasma. At higher concentrations of SK these activities decrease and level off to a plateau at a SK concentration of 105 u/ml plasma for the caseinolytic activity and 104 u/ml plasma for the fibrinogenolytic activity. At these high SK concentrations the caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity can not or only slightly be inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor at concentrations, which completely inhibit these activities at lower SK concentrations. The bovine plasminogen activator activity increases with increasing SK concentrations between 103 and 106 u SK/ml plasma. No plateau of maximal activator activity could be demonstrated. It is suggested that the remaining fibrinogenolytic and caseinolytic activity at high SK concentrations is not due to plasmin activity, but that the bovine plasminogen activator has direct caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Crîsnic I , Cucuianu M , Manasia M , Uza G
Published: June 2018

Starting from a hypothesis according to which disseminated intravascular coagulation might be an intermediary mechanism in the production of acute renal failure, investigations were made in 94 cases of anuria of different etiology, in order to detect signs of a consumption coagulopathy. After an average lapse of time of 48 h since the onset of anuria, the most frequently encountered hemostatic defect was a decreased platelet adhesiveness. In vitro experiments and clinical observations suggest that in the early stage of acute renal failure caused by a septic abortion, deficient platelet adhesiveness is due, mainly to platelet damage caused by intravascular coagulation or by bacterial toxins and not by the retention of metabolites. Euglobulin lysis time was prolonged, but a significant decrease of the plasminogen level indicates that an activation of fibrinolysis might have occured in the evolution of the process.
Coagulation Studies in Acute Hepatic Necrosis
Authors: Böhmig H. J , Abouna G. M , Diez-Pardo J. A
Published: June 2018

In 2 patients with post-hepatitic acute hepatic necrosis, a complex coagulation defect characterized by low levels of prothrombin, factor V, and factor IX, hypofibrinogenemia, thrombocytopenia, and pathologic thrombin time was present. Levels of factor VIII were abnormally elevated. Exchange blood transfusions led to striking but shortlasting improvement in coagulation and were found to be an efficient means in control of bleeding. Extracorporal perfusion of the livers of pigs, and of a human liver raised the levels of the liver-synthesized clotting factors prothrombin, factor V, and factor IX in the patient’s blood. Increase of fibrinogen level occurred solely after 36 h perfusion of a human liver. Adverse effects of extracorporeal liver perfusion were decrease of platelets, fibrinogen, and factor VIII.
Methodische Untersuchungen zur Plättchenaggregation bei der Ratte
Authors: Hohage R , Hiemeyer V
Published: June 2018

An plättchenreichem Zitrat-Heparin-Plasma wurde nach Rekalzifizierung die Aggregation der Thrombozyten turbidimetrisch untersucht und eine geeignete Quantifizierung der aufgezeichneten Aggregationskurven versucht. Nach Prüfung der Dosierungsabhängigkeit, der Reproduzierbarkeit, der Streubreiten an Normaltieren und der Empfindlichkeit der Methode ergaben sich folgende Resultate :

1. Bei der ADP-induzierten Aggregation erwies sich die Desaggregationszeit als geeigneterer Parameter für Vergleichsuntersuchungen an verschiedenen Tieren als die Maximalamplitude.

2. Bei der kollageninduzierten Aggregation zeigte sich die Tangente als Parameter der Maximalamplitude überlegen.

3. Nur in einem engen Dosierungsbereich des Kollagens, der »optimalen Dosierung«, erlauben die Aggregationskurven exakte Vergleiche. Diese optimale Dosierung muß vor Versuchsbeginn an Normaltieren ausgetestet werden.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Experimental Heatstroke
Authors: Rosenthal T , Shapiro Y , Seligsohn U , Ramot B
Published: June 2018

Heatstroke was induced experimentally in dogs, in order to clarify the mechanism of haemorrhage in that disorder.

Controls were provided both by dogs subjected to maximal effort at normal ambient temperatures and by dogs exposed to high enviromental temperature without exercise.

It was found that above a critical temperature (43.3° C), dogs show a typical clinical and laboratory picture of heatstroke, similar to that occurring in human beings.

Quick value and platelets dropped markedly, as did most of the clotting factors including factor V, II, VII and X.

Factor VIII was sometimes raised, but also fell terminally. Significant fibrinolysis and shortened half life of labelled fibrinogen were further strong indications of general defibrination.

The post-mortem presence of thrombi, provided confirmatory evidence of diffuse intravascular clotting (consumption coagulopathy).
Characterization of Procoagulants Produced in Cell Cultures by Tests of Coagulation
Authors: Zacharski L. R , Mcintyre O. R
Published: June 2018

A potent procoagulant is synthesized by normal human fibroblasts cultivated in vitro. Although evidence is presented indicating that phospholipid (capable of substituting for platelets) and tissue factor (capable of complexing factor VII) are present in homogenates of saline-washed fibroblast monolayers, these substances do not appear to account entirely for the rise in procoagulant levels observed. The behavior of this procoagulant as assessed by a variety of coagulation tests, suggests that the procoagulant has physiologic significance.
Zur Fibrinolyse beim Atemnotsyndrom Plasminogenspiegel im Plasma von Frühgeborenen
Authors: Karitzky D , Pringsheim W , Künzer W
Published: June 2018

Es wird über Untersuchungen der Plasminogenspiegel in Plasmen gesunder Frühgeborener und solcher mit Atemnotsyndrom berichtet. Die Bestimmungen erfolgten mit der radialen Immundiffusion unter Verwendung eines Anti-Plasminogenserums. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zeigten eine annähernde Übereinstimmung der im immunologischen Test gefundenen Plasminogenwerte mit dem durch Streptokinase aktivierten Plasminogenproaktivator : Im Falle der unauffälligen Frühgeborenengruppe fanden sich im funktionellen Test jedoch jeweils höhere Werte als bei der immunologischen Bestimmung. Dies könnte als Ausdruck einer besonderen Reaktionsweise des Plasminogens im Neugeborenenplasma gedeutet werden.

Die bei unauffälligen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 6 Stunden immunologisch bestimmten Plasminogen werte zeigten keine Korrelation mit dem Geburtsgewicht. Bis zur 48. Lebensstunde stiegen in dieser Gruppe die Plasminogen werte signifikant an. Auch in der Gruppe der an RDS erkrankten, überlebenden Frühgeborenen war ein allerdings nicht signifikanter Anstieg bis zum 2. Lebenstag nachweisbar. Bei den beiden Gruppen von an RDS erkrankten Kindern, die verstarben, lagen die Plasminogenwerte bereits im Alter von 2 Stunden erheblich unter den bei der unauffälligen Vergleichsgruppe gefundenen Werten: Im Falle der ohne Hirnblutung verstorbenen Kinder sank der Wert von 22,9% im Alter von 2 Stunden bis zur 24. Lebensstunde weiter auf 17,8% ab; bei denjenigen Frühgeborenen, die außer dem Atemnotsyndrom noch zusätzlich eine Hirnblutung auf wiesen, schwankten die Werte innerhalb der ersten 24 Lebensstunden nur unwesentlich um niedrigste Werte (17,5% im Alter von 2 Stunden, 17,2% im Alter von 24 Stunden).
Histochemische Untersuchungen der fibrinolytischen Aktivität an experimentell erzeugten Thromben bei Ratten nach Gabe von direkten und indirekten Fibrinolytika
Authors: Denk H , Fischer M
Published: June 2018

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden bei Ratten durch mechanische Irritation der Venae jugulares experimentell Thromben gesetzt und die Tiere danach mit direkten und indirekten Fibrinolytika behandelt. Mittels der von Todd angegebenen histochemischen Methode zur Darstellung gefäßgebundener fibrinolytischer Aktivität konnte keine Steigerung der fibrinolytischen Aktivität gefunden werden. Mit einer Kombination von direkten und indirekten Fibrinolytika konnte keine Steigerung der fibrinolytischen Aktivität erreicht werden. Nach Behandlung mit Nikotinsäurepräparaten und auch nach Behandlung mit Pyrogenen traten im Bindegewebe fibrinolytisch aktive Bindegewebszellen auf.
Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Release during Human Platelet Aggregation in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Chmielewski J , Farbiszewski R
Published: June 2018

The release of platelet factor 4 during platelet aggregation was investigated in diabetic patients. We observed an increased release of platelet factor 4 in diabetic patients.

The authors suggest that the increased release of platelet factor 4 may play an essential role in pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications in diabetes mellitus.
Junction Thrombi Deposited on Conducting Materials at Different Potentials
Authors: Ranganathan M , Stempak J. G , Srinivasan S , Sawyer P. N
Published: June 2018

The present study reveals that the deposits on metal prostheses maintained at positive (spontaneous) or negative electric potentials are in histologic composition and characteristics of the nature of a thrombus and not of a clot in vitro. The study also shows that thrombic deposits on copper prostheses maintained at negativ potentials are broadly similar in nature and composition though there are some significant distinctions among them. In the study on the sample from a copper prosthesis maintained at a potential of —160 mv where only junctional thrombi were formed, it is observed that within about 200 μl from the prosthetic surface the pattern of composition of thrombus changes. The predominant platelet population with very few erythrocytes and fibrin near the prosthetic surface changes with gradual increase in number of red blood cells into a region predominantly composed of red blood cells. Several distorted blood elements with electron dense inclusions in them, observed close to the prosthetic surface, were more frequently observed in the sample from the copper prosthesis at a potential of —160 mv than in the sample at —110 mv.
Platelet Aggregation Induced by Basement Membranes
Authors: Hugues J , Mahieu P
Published: June 2018

Purified suspension of basement membranes have been prepared from renal tubules or glomerules.

Platelets adhere to fragments of basement membranes. With turbidimetric technique platelets from PRP were aggregated, without delay, by suspension of basement membranes especially from tubular origin. The kinetic of this phenomenon was similar to the one of platelet aggregation induced by a suspension of purified collagen fibers. Similarities and differences between the action of tubular membranes and that of collagen on platelets are discussed.

A soluble factor with platelet aggregating effect was found in the supernatant of suspension of basement membranes. The chemical nature of this new platelet aggregating is still unknown. We may de bealing with the degradation product of a collagenlike protein.

It is concluded that basement membranes are able to produce strong platelet aggregation. This phenomenon might possibly play a significant role in the early stages of intravascular thrombosis.
Urokinase-Induced Fibrinolysis of 125I-Fibrin
Authors: Ball Anne P. , Day Eugene D.
Published: June 2018

By means of the density-gradient separation of soluble fibrin split products from 125I-labeled fibrin in 0.8-ml gradients, a micro-technique for the measurement of urokinase activation of plasminogen was developed. The conditions necessary to maintain first-order activation kinetics were obtained and incorporated into the micro-technique, thus providing a linear micro-assay of 0.1-ml volumes of urokinase in the range of 2.5-50.0 CTA units.
Contact and Plasmin Kinin-Forming Systems in the Blood
Authors: Buluk K , Czokało Maria , Małofiejew M
Published: June 2018

By means of preparations of two different kininogens, the existence of two kallikreins, postulated previously, that is one activated by the contact factor – contact kallikrein, and another by plasmin – plasmin kallikrein, has been confirmed.

Stasis plasma or plasma from blood taken without stasis incubated at 37 ° C can be a source of contact kallikrein.

It was found that modified plasma, that is plasma acidified to pH 2 and realkalized after 10 min, is suitable material for demonstrating that plasmin activates plasmin kallikrein. Plasmin kallikrein in the plasma has two substrates: kininogen – from which it releases kinins, and contact kallikrein which it inactivates. A diagram showing the activation of kinin-forming systems in the blood plasma is proposed.
Coagulant Activity Deposited on the Kiil Haemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Lurie A , Denson K. W. E
Published: June 2018

A deposit present on the dialysing membranes of Kiil renal dialysis machines after extracorporeal haemodialysis has been found to have coagulant activity with features similar to phospholipid and to the thromboplastic activity of platelets. The deposition of the coagulant material occurred in spite of anti-coagulation with heparin. It is postulated that this coagulant material may render the extracorporeal blood hypercoagulable, and that this may be of significance in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in the shunt vasculature.
Thrombozytenausbreitungstest im Elektronenmikroskop
Authors: Ruzicka F , Fierkens D
Published: June 2018

Mittels dem modifizierten Thrombozytenausbreitungstest nach Marx, Ibrom und Stanislawski wurden lichtmikroskopische Präparate von 20 gesunden Versuchspersonen untersucht. Bis auf die Gruppe der Spinnen- und der kleinen Ausbreitungs-formen stimmen unsere Resultate mit den in der Literatur angegebenen überein.

Die ausgebreiteten Thrombozyten wurden nach Schrägbedampfung mittels zweier Methoden untersucht, wobei die eine die Oberflächenstrukturen, die andere die komplette Zelle erfaßte. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird für die elektronenoptische Auswertung eine neue Einteilung angegeben. Danach werden die Typen A1, A2 der vollständig ausgebreiteten, die Gruppe C der nicht ausgebreiteten Thrombozyten und die Gruppe D der Formen mit netzartiger Oberfläche unterschieden.
Large-Scale Production of Intermediate-Purity, Soluble Human Plasminogen
Authors: Bergström K , Tse Ann O. , Johnson A. J
Published: June 2018

A method is described for laboratory, pilot or large-scale production of intermediatepurity human plasminogen soluble at neutral pH, with a specific proteolytic activity of approximately 12.5 CTA units/mg protein. Batches of 100-200 g can be readily produced from Fraction III paste from outdated or fresh-frozen plasma. Since this plasminogen is stable on long-term storage, and low in spontaneous plasmin activity, it is especially useful as an assay reagent (substrate) and as starting material for the preparation of high-purity plasminogen.
Inhibition of Tissue Activator by Urokinase Inhibitor
Authors: Kawano T , Uemura Y
Published: June 2018

Inhibition of tissue activator purified from human heart by urokinase inhibitor purified from human placenta was observed by both the fibrin plate method and fibrin clot lysis time method. It was shown to be of much less on extent in comparison with urokinase, that is, 20 Ploug units of urokinase were completely inhibited by approximately 100 or 200 u of urokinase inhibitor in the respective methods but 6 Ploug units of tissue activator were inhibited only 25% to 50% even though 1,000 u of urokinase inhibitor were used.
The Effect of Intravascular and Extravascular Coagulation on Serum Fibrin Degradation Products in Rats
Authors: Van Stone J. C , Khoury N. Y
Published: June 2018

Serum fibrin degradation products (FDP) were elevated following intravascular clotting in rats. The levels of these products were similar whether the blood clot remained localized in the inferior vena cava or embolized to the lung. The level of FDP increased with increasing amounts of blood clot formed. The intravascular injection of 100 u of thrombin induced high levels of FDP and resulted in death of the animals. Extravascular deposition of fibrin, either subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intraperitoneally had no effect on serum FDP.
Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism of Human Platelets
Authors: Murakami M , Odake K
Published: June 2018

After platelet-rich plasma was incubated with radioactive adenine, radioactive adenine nucleotides in platelets were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography.

Radioactive adenine was selectively incorporated into adenine nucleotides. Gradual decomposition of labelled nucleotides was observed after longer period of incubation. Radioactive ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, and hypoxanthine were separated from PCA extract of platelets. On the other hand, radioactive adenine and hypoxanthine were separated from platelet-poor plasma.

After thrombin treatment, radioactive ATP in platelets broke down rapidly, while radioactive ADP decreased more slowly. Radioactive AMP increased at first in the cellular and supernatant fractions, and then decreased gradually. The accumulation of radioactive hypoxanthine was observed in the supernatant fraction. Released radioactive ATP and ADP were 23% and 22% of the initial radioactive ATP and ADP in platelets, respectively.
Inhibition of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis by Aromatic Amidino Compounds
Authors: Geratz J.D
Published: June 2018

1. Aromatic diamidines which are potent inhibitors of trypsin possess a marked inhibitory effect on the clotting activity of human thrombin and on the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time of human plasma. They also block the contact activation phase of the coagulation process. The strongest inhibitor among the compounds tested was M & B 4596 which was followed in second place by pentamidine.

2. Pentamidine was 10 times more active than ε-ACA in impeding streptokinase-induced lysis of human plasma clots. It was 100-200 times stronger than ε-ACA in inhibiting the activation of bovine plasminogen by activators formed from the interaction between streptokinase and either human plasmin(ogen) or human plasma.

3. The prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time of canine plasma were less susceptible to inhibition by pentamidine than the same tests on human plasma. Clot lysis in the canine system was inhibited by pentamidine to a similar degree as in the human system. After intravenous injection of pentamidine in the dog there occurred the expected prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time and of the clot lysis time.
Congenital Afibrinogenemia
Authors: Girolami A , Zacchello G , D’Elia R
Published: June 2018

A case of congenital afibrinogenemia is reported.

The patient is a 2 month old white female infant who presented bleeding from the umbilical stump a few days after birth. Subsequently other hemorrhagic manifestations were hematomas at the site of venipunctures.

All routine plasmatic tests gave values greater than 1000 sec. The prothrombin time was corrected by the addition of equal parts of plasma of all known prothrombin complex factor deficiences. No fibrinogen was found in the patient’s plasma. The immunological assay of fibrinogen confirmed the lack of this protein in the proposita’s plasma thereby excluding a dysfibrinogenemia. The father and the mother of our proposita were found to have slightly reduced fibrinogen levels and were considered to be heterozygotes for the abnormality. Four other relatives were thougth to be heterozygotes for the abnormality.

The hereditary trasmission of the disorder appears to be autosomal incompletely recessive.
Aggregation of Platelets Remaining in Circulation after Acute Thrombosis
Authors: Zbinden G , Grimm L , Muheim M
Published: June 2018

I.v. injection of ADP and Na laurate in guinea pigs caused acute platelet sequestration and occasional formation of fresh platelet thrombi in the lungs. ADP-induced aggregation of platelets isolated after the injection was found to be consistently reduced. No difference in platelet response to ADP was found when PRP obtained before and after treatment with Evans blue was compared. It was concluded that ADP- and Na laurate-induced thrombosis eliminated preferentially the ADP-responsive platelet fraction whereas the effect of Evans blue was not dependent on the functional state of the platelets.
Simplifying Homeopathy
Authors: Vervarcke Anne
Published: June 2018

After the initial enthusiasm in the homeopathic community about the exciting progress and expansion since the 1980s, the sobering fact seems to be that we evolved in the direction of such sophistication that our dear system becomes unmanageable. We did our inner work, try to balance things that were somehow off but still the plain fact is that we are still crushed under too much information. And there is no way to stop it! We are only at the beginning of exploring and including every single species on the planet and beyond in our Materia Medica. But we've already come to a point where even the fastest and most extensive software programs won't help us solve a case. In this article, I argue that we need to boil down the overwhelming bulk of data to clear, simple and reliable pointers to large groups and then smaller groups. The best way to do this is adding the ‘context’ in the analysis. Though often overlooked it turns out to be solid information. The first distinction in a case analysis could be between the Second Dimension (Rocks and Stones, Gems, Bacteria, Viruses, Sarcodes) and the Third Dimension groups (Plants, Animal and Fungi) and often the context will decide. Some information on these groups is given, in an attempt to make homeopathy manageable again without losing its refinement.
A Possible Future of Repertories and Software Tools
Authors: van Grinsven Eduard
Published: June 2018

Traditional repertories were originally very useful, but are nowadays becoming too large for practical use in the future. Software and centralised databases could provide a solution in the future, based on statistical relationships between remedies and cases.
Successful Surgical Abdominal Aortic Debranching Preceding Stent Graft Implantation: A Case Report
Authors: Laux Magdalena , Erb Michael , Hoelschermann Frank , Albes Johannes
Published: June 2018

Background Acute endovascular aneurysm repair with stent grafts (thoracic endovascular aortic repair [TEVAR]) is safe and feasible.

Case Description A 64-year-old female presented with a perforated aortic aneurysm of the thoracic descending aorta. Primary TEVAR resulted in good management of the perforation but a type Ib endoleakage remained postoperatively. To place another stent, abdominal debranching with saphenous vein bypass to the celiac trunk was required. In the same session, another endograft was inserted successfully.

Conclusion Abdominal debranching is a safe alternative to open aortic repair in acute thoracic and abdominal aneurysms, instead of waiting for a custom-made device.
Orthogeriatrie
Authors: Liener Ulrich , Peters Kerstin , Hartwig Erich , Hoffmann Reinhard , Bücking Benjamin
Published: June 2018

Die Anzahl osteoporotischer Frakturen und multimorbider Patienten ist in den letzten Jahren angestiegen und wird weiter steigen. Aufgrund der substanziellen Morbidität und Mortalität von Fragilitätsfrakturen bei diesen Patienten hat inzwischen ein Paradigmenwechsel – weg von der Sichtweise einer unfallchirurgischen Monoverletzung, hin zu der Sichtweise eines orthogeriatrischen Syndroms – stattgefunden. Neben der Frakturversorgung beinhaltet dieses Konzept auch eine medikamentöse Therapie der Osteoporose.
Verifying bilby presence and the systematic sampling of wild populations using sign-based protocols – with notes on aerial and ground survey techniques and asserting absence
Authors: Southgate Richard , Dziminski Martin A. , Paltridge Rachel , Schubert Andrew , Gaikhorst Glen
Published: June 2018

The recognition of sign such as tracks, scats, diggings or burrows is widely used to detect rare or elusive species. We describe the type of sign that can be used to confirm the presence of the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) in comparison with sign that should be used only to flag potential presence. Clear track imprints of the front and hind feet, diggings at the base of plants to extract root-dwelling larvae, and scats commonly found at diggings can be used individually, or in combination, to verify presence, whereas track gait pattern, diggings in the open, and burrows should be used to flag potential bilby activity but not to verify presence. A protocol to assess potential activity and verify bilby presence is provided. We provide advice on the application of a plot-based technique to systematically search for sign and produce data for the estimation of regional occupancy. Digging and burrow activity can be readily detected from the air but systematic ground-based assessment to determine the rate of false-presence and false-absence needs to accompany aerial survey. The approach to estimate survey effort to assert bilby absence is also described.
Accumulation of trace elements within Vitis vinifera L. varieties cultivated in Biscay (Basque Country) for txakoli production: a two-year case study
Authors: Liñero Olaia , Carrero Jose Antonio , Estonba Andone , de Diego Alberto
Published: June 2018

Environmental contextTxakoli wine is unique to the Basque Country, and is characterised by its high acidity and minerality. Trace element profiles were obtained over a two-year period for the roots, leaves and fruits of three grape varieties intended for txakoli production. These data on the growth- and variety-specific trace-element profiles could guide the choice of grape for the production of txakoli with particular elemental characteristics.
AbstractThe accumulation of 20 elements in two autochthonous and one authorised txakoli grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) commonly used in regional and European viticulture was investigated here over a two-year period, in order to understand how these elements are taken up, transported and stored, and to compare the results among the three grapevine varieties. Samples of the three grapevines were collected at four phenological growth stages (leaf development, flowering, fruit formation and ripening of berries). The concentrations of 20 essential, non-essential and toxic elements were measured by using ICP-MS. Most of the toxic elements were immobilised in the roots (P < 0.001, Al, As, Pb, Ti, V, Tl, Cr and Cd), which thus acted as a detoxification barrier against aboveground contamination. The main pool of essential elements was in the leaves (P < 0.001, Mg, Ca, Mn and Cu), which accumulate and transport micronutrients to other organs for the plants growth and development. The concentrations of non-essential and toxic elements in grape berries were low, especially at the time of harvesting (P < 0.05, richer in Fe, Na, Mg and K), which is important for food quality and safe wine production (Cd and Pb were far below the threshold established by the European Commission 1886/2006). Riesling presented more effective mechanisms to accumulate Mn, Co, K and Fe (P < 0.05) in leaves and berries at the time of harvesting than those of autochthonous varieties, which corroborates the common origin of the latter. Understanding these growth- and variety-specific mechanisms is important for choosing the right grape for the production of a txakoli with specific elemental characteristics.
See/Witnessand the ‘setting-subject construction’
Authors: Lacassain-Lagoin Christelle
Published: June 2018

Perception verbs prototypically occur with a grammatical subject NP referring to a person. However,seeandwitnessalso license an inanimate grammatical subject, more precisely a spatial or temporal setting, in a “setting-subject construction” (Langacker 1991,2008). The present study addresses this kind of variation, and demonstrates how the two alternate constructions reveal shifts from an egocentric perspective to an anthropocentric perspective. It sets out to accomplish three main goals: first, to establish whether each construction aligns perfectly with one particular perspective; second, to identify the semantic and syntactic characteristics of setting-subject constructions and explain how an inanimate subject NP can be favored over a human subject NP; third, to determine what can motivate speakers’ choices between the two alternate constructions licensed byseeandwitness. To achieve this, a qualitative, corpus-based analysis is carried out, which helps to understand to what extent the grammatical coding embodies a specific way of viewing the scene. First, the cognitive theoretical concepts (e.g., the Extended Animacy Hierarchy (Croft, 2003), egocentric and canonical viewing arrangements, cognitive schemas and models) that are helpful for the proper characterization of the two structures are presented, as well as the methodology employed to collect data for the present study. I then focus on prototypical, human subject NP constructions which reveal either an egocentric or an anthropocentric point of view of the scene. Finally, setting-subject constructions are addressed: not only are the characteristics of such structures highlighted but also the parameters and factors that contribute to their occurrence are identified. The study shows that such constructions convey the conceptualizer’s assessment of a situation, as the viewing relationship is construed subjectively. A setting-subject construction thus reveals a perspective that indirectly turns out to be more anthropocentric than ‘setting-centric’, as the inanimate locative subject, ranking at the bottom of the Animacy hierarchy, winds up alluding to any possible human being, including the speaker, the addressee and the Other.
Introduction
Authors: Pym Anthony
Published: June 2018

Mediation strategies are deployed when people use translation, interpreting, lingua francas, intercomprehension, language learning, or any combination of these to communicate in situations where there is more than one language in play. Such choices can be seen as enacting trade-offs between the goals of mobility (across geolinguistic borders) and inclusion (primarily into labor markets and government services). Mediation strategies are nevertheless selected in accordance with complex sets of criteria by which they are evaluated and compared in each particular situation. Case studies suggest that, if seen as performative language policy, the strategies tend to give more priority to social inclusion than to language diversity. They might thus constitute a challenge to some approaches to official language policy.
“Do I want to learn a language spoken by two million people?”
Authors: Pokorn Nike K. , Čibej Jaka
Published: June 2018

Migrants’ intended length of stay influences their choices between using a lingua franca, language technology, ad-hoc interpreters and translators, intercomprehension, or learning the host country’s dominant language. To study this influence, data were collected through a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and a focus-group discussion from 15 long-term migrants (university language teachers) and eight mid-term migrants (teachers at two international schools) working in Slovenia. The results show that the long-term migrants all learned the host language, while the most common mediation strategy of the mid-term migrants was use of a lingua franca. Ad-hoc interpreters and translators were used not only in healthcare but also for the translations of official documents. Moreover, the French-speaking mid-term migrants attempted to learn the host language and often ended up learning English, while the group of native English speakers tended to form a linguistic enclave. It is argued that the preferred mediation strategy depends not just on the intended length of stay but also on the status of the migrant’s L1 in the particular host country.
The complementary nature of linguistic mediation in transnational adoption mobility
Authors: Fiorentino Alice
Published: June 2018

In order to explore why people in multilingual contexts choose one mediation strategy or another, we conducted case studies involving short-term mobility for adoption purposes. For parents who adopt a child born in a different country, the experience necessitates a range of linguistic strategies that include language learning, interpreting and translation services, lingua francas, and intercomprehension. A study of ten Italian transnational adoptive families shows that adoptive parents tend to combine these strategies according to the situational relevance of four mobility-related variables: parental agency, accuracy of information, self-reliance, and intimacy. The adoptive parents’ opinions about the benefits and limitations of each strategy indicate that mediation strategies are complementary means to reach the complex general purpose of acquiring parenthood.
Breathing life into social presence
Authors: Fester Marie-Theres , Cowley Stephen J.
Published: June 2018

Whilst many studies focus on human-to-media interactions, this paper turns to how a multimodal medium contributes to human-to-human interaction. By bringing together both radical embodied cognitive science (Chemero 2009) and dialogism (Linell 2009), the paper develops an anti-representationalist approach to the concept of social presence. We use an exploratory study of close friendships that maintain their interaction through the use of the mobile instant messaging service WhatsApp. In so doing, we describe texting as language-activity where people engage with each other by using resources from body, environment, and brain. Our work represents a major departure from previous studies of mobile interaction in adopting an embodied view of language and cognition. By so doing, we show how parties create anticipatory routines that enable them to ‘hear’ and ‘see’ their interlocutor. The paper’s main contribution is to draw attention to this kind of heightened social presence that we choose to call “co-imagining”.
Language, attitudes and party politics
Authors: Feng Dezheng (William) , Zhang Shuo
Published: June 2018

This study investigates Barack Obama’s attitudes towards Republicans and Democrats by analyzing a corpus of 249 Presidential weekly addresses. Analysis shows that Obama’s attitudes towards the Republicans are characterized by a negative judgment of propriety, creating a negative image of the Republican Party, whereas when Republicans and Democrats are mentioned together, his attitudes are characterized by his hopes for and commendations on bipartisan collaboration. An analytical model based on the attitude schema is proposed to explicate the strategies for encoding attitudes. It is found that negative attitudes are always expressed implicitly by recounting events that elicit the attitudes (i.e. behaviors of the Republicans) and performing speech acts that are motivated by the attitudes (i.e. urging the Republicans to stop the wrong behaviors). The patterns of attitudes reflect bipartisan conflict and cooperation on the one hand, and constitute an important strategy to battle against the opposition party and build coalitions on the other.
Why did Trump say “I hope you will let Flynn go” to Comey?
Authors: Capone Alessandro , Bucca Antonino
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we analyse and discuss an utterance/pragmeme/pract proffered by US President Donald Trump and addressed to FBI Director Comey: ‘I hope you will let Flynn go’.1 We consider the explicature of this utterance (‘I hope you will drop the Russian investigation concerning Flynn’) and its illocutionary and perlocutionary effects. We argue that while Republicans opt for an Austinian or Searlean analysis, in the attempt to deny that this utterance constituted an attempt to influence Comey, there are reasons for adopting a Strawsonian analysis, casting it in the framework of pragmemes, devised by Mey (2001), that frame a socio-pragmatic analysis of utterance interpretation within context. This analysis shows, Trump illicitly tried to persuade Comey to drop the Russian investigation, and therefore attempted to interfere with the judiciary system. A reasoned case can be made for saying that Trump had the intention of interfering with America’s federal court system through this utterance.
The Problems of Conversion Among Iranian Jews in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Moreen Vera B.
Published: June 2018

In The Jews of Islam, a recent attempt at evaluating the history of the Jews in Muslim lands, Bernard Lewis makes several references to the fact that Jewish experience in Shi'i lands, particularly in Iran, differed substantially from that of Sunni lands. He points out that Iranian Jews were more persecuted and, on several occasions, were even forced to convert. Yet, aside from mentioning some of the conventional reasons for these differences such as the Shi'i concept of najasa (ritual impurity), he does not dwell on the experiences of Iranian Jewry at length. This is partly on account of the scarcity of reliable sources before the Safavid period and partly because the accessible sources from the Safavid period and later are still in need of close analysis.
Orthostatic Hypotension in the Hypertensive Patient
Authors: Biaggioni Italo
Published: June 2018

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an important and common medical problem, particularly in the frail elderly with multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. OH is an independent risk factor for falls and overall mortality. Hypertension is among the most common comorbidities associated with OH, and its presence complicates the management of these patients because treatment of one can worsen the other. However, there is evidence that uncontrolled hypertension worsens OH so that both should be managed. The limited data available suggest that angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers are preferable antihypertensives for these patients. Patients with isolated supine hypertension can be treated with bedtime doses of short-acting antihypertensives. Treatment of OH in the hypertensive patients should focus foremost on the removal of drugs that can worsen OH, including ones that are easily overlooked, such as tamsulosin, tizanidine, sildenafil, trazodone, and carvedilol. OH and postprandial hypotension can be prevented with abdominal binders and acarbose, respectively, without the need to increase baseline blood pressure. Upright blood pressure can be improved by harnessing residual sympathetic tone with atomoxetine, which blocks norepinephrine reuptake in nerve terminals, and pyridostigmine, which facilitates cholinergic neurotransmission in autonomic ganglia. Oral water bolus acutely but transiently increases blood pressure in autonomic failure patients. If traditional pressor agents are needed, midodrine and droxidopa can be used, administered at the lowest dose and frequency that improves symptoms. Management of OH in the hypertensive patient is challenging, but a management strategy based on understanding the underlying pathophysiology can be effective in most patients.
Multiomics modeling of the immunome, transcriptome, microbiome, proteome and metabolome adaptations during human pregnancy
Authors: Ghaemi Mohammad Sajjad , DiGiulio Daniel B , Contrepois Kévin , Callahan Benjamin , Ngo Thuy T M , Lee-McMullen Brittany , Lehallier Benoit , Robaczewska Anna , Mcilwain David , Rosenberg-Hasson Yael , Wong Ronald J , Quaintance Cecele , Culos Anthony , Stanley Natalie , Tanada Athena , Tsai Amy , Gaudilliere Dyani , Ganio Edward , Han Xiaoyuan , Ando Kazuo , McNeil Leslie , Tingle Martha , Wise Paul , Maric Ivana , Sirota Marina , Wyss-Coray Tony , Winn Virginia D , Druzin Maurice L , Gibbs Ronald , Darmstadt Gary L , Lewis David B , Partovi Nia Vahid , Agard Bruno , Tibshirani Robert , Nolan Garry , Snyder Michael P , Relman David A , Quake Stephen R , Shaw Gary M , Stevenson David K , Angst Martin S , Gaudilliere Brice , Aghaeepour Nima
Published: June 2018

Motivation

Multiple biological clocks govern a healthy pregnancy. These biological mechanisms produce immunologic, metabolomic, proteomic, genomic and microbiomic adaptations during the course of pregnancy. Modeling the chronology of these adaptations during full-term pregnancy provides the frameworks for future studies examining deviations implicated in pregnancy-related pathologies including preterm birth and preeclampsia.

Results

We performed a multiomics analysis of 51 samples from 17 pregnant women, delivering at term. The datasets included measurements from the immunome, transcriptome, microbiome, proteome and metabolome of samples obtained simultaneously from the same patients. Multivariate predictive modeling using the Elastic Net (EN) algorithm was used to measure the ability of each dataset to predict gestational age. Using stacked generalization, these datasets were combined into a single model. This model not only significantly increased predictive power by combining all datasets, but also revealed novel interactions between different biological modalities. Future work includes expansion of the cohort to preterm-enriched populations and in vivo analysis of immune-modulating interventions based on the mechanisms identified.

Availability and implementation

Datasets and scripts for reproduction of results are available through: https://nalab.stanford.edu/multiomics-pregnancy/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
KREAP: an automated Galaxy platform to quantify in vitro re-epithelialization kinetics
Authors: Fernandez-Gutierrez Marcela M , van Zessen David B H , van Baarlen Peter , Kleerebezem Michiel , Stubbs Andrew P
Published: June 2018

Background

In vitro scratch assays have been widely used to study the influence of bioactive substances on the processes of cell migration and proliferation that are involved in re-epithelialization. The development of high-throughput microscopy and image analysis has enabled scratch assays to become compatible with high-throughput research. However, effective processing and in-depth analysis of such high-throughput image datasets are far from trivial and require integration of multiple image processing and data extraction software tools.

Findings

We developed and implemented a kinetic re-epithelialization analysis pipeline (KREAP) in Galaxy. The KREAP toolbox incorporates freely available image analysis tools and automatically performs image segmentation and feature extraction of each image series, followed by automatic quantification of cells inside and outside the scratched area over time. The enumeration of infiltrating cells over time is modeled to extract three biologically relevant parameters that describe re-epithelialization kinetics. The output of the tools is organized, displayed, and saved in the Galaxy environment for future reference.

Conclusions

The KREAP toolbox in Galaxy provides an open-source, easy-to-use, web-based platform for reproducible image processing and data analysis of high-throughput scratch assays. The KREAP toolbox could assist a broad scientific community in the discovery of compounds that are able to modulate re-epithelialization kinetics.
Web-based versus in-person methods for training lay community health advisors to implement health promotion workshops: participant outcomes from a cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Holt Cheryl L , Tagai Erin K , Santos Sherie Lou Zara , Scheirer Mary Ann , Bowie Janice , Haider Muhiuddin , Slade Jimmie
Published: June 2018

Project HEAL (Health through Early Awareness and Learning) is an implementation trial that compared two methods of training lay peer community health advisors (CHAs)—in-person (“Traditional”) versus web-based (“Technology”)—to conduct a series of three evidence-based cancer educational workshops in African American churches. This analysis reports on participant outcomes from Project HEAL. Fifteen churches were randomized to the two CHA training methods and the intervention impact was examined over 24 months. This study was conducted in Prince George’s County, MD, and enrolled 375 church members age 40–75. Participants reported on knowledge and screening behaviors for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Overall, cancer knowledge in all areas increased during the study period (p < .001). There were significant increases in digital rectal exam (p < .05), fecal occult blood test (p < .001), and colonoscopy (p < .01) at 24 months; however, this did not differ by study group. Mammography maintenance (56% overall) was evidenced by women reporting multiple mammograms within the study period. Participants attending all three workshops were more likely to report a fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy at 24 months (p < .05) than those who attended only one. These findings suggest that lay individuals can receive web-based training to successfully implement an evidence-based health promotion intervention that results in participant-level outcomes comparable with (a) people trained using the traditional classroom method and (b) previous efficacy trials. Findings have implications for resources and use of technology to increase widespread dissemination of evidence-based health promotion interventions through training lay persons in community settings.