bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Relationships and Competition in Retail Gasoline Markets: Empirical Evidence from Contract Changes in Southern California: Reply
Authors: Hastings Justine
Published: June 2010

In their comment, Taylor, Kreisle and Zimmerman use gasoline price data taken from fleet card transactions at selected gasoline stations to re-examine a subset of results presented in Hastings (2004). Bringing new data to re-examine the question is a helpful contribution. Both data sets have limitations, potentially causing differences in the estimated effect. I worked with the authors to explore and understand the differences in the data sets and how they impact the estimates in both analyses, and conclude that the effects sizes are likely smaller in areas of overlap between the two data sets.
Antidumping Investigations and the Pass-Through of Antidumping Duties and Exchange Rates: Comment
Authors: Kelly Brian D
Published: June 2010

Blonigen and Haynes (2002) calculated that pass-through of antidumping duty estimates to U.S. pricing of 200% would be required to eliminate potential antidumping duties. However, this calculation was based on an error in interpretation of U.S. antidumping practice, that antidumping duties themselves are subtracted in an antidumping calculation. In fact there is no such subtraction, and a pass-through of 100% theoretically suffices to eliminate potential antidumping duties
Product Creation and Destruction: Evidence and Price Implications
Authors: Broda Christian , Weinstein David E
Published: June 2010

This paper describes the extent of product creation and destruction in a large sector of the US economy. We find four times more entry and exit in product markets than is found in labor markets because most product turnover happens within firms. Net product creation is strongly procyclical and primarily driven by creation rather than destruction. We find that a cost-of-living index that takes product turnover into account is 0.8 percentage points per year lower than a “fixed goods” price index like the CPI. The procyclicality of the bias implies that business cycles are more volatile than indicated by official statistics. (JEL E31, E32, L11, O31)
A Study of the Internal Organization of a Bidding Cartel
Authors: Asker John
Published: June 2010

This paper examines bidding in over 1,700 knockout auctions used by a bidding cartel (or ring) of stamp dealers in the 1990s. The knockout was conducted using a variant of the model studied by Daniel Graham, Robert Marshall, and Jean-Francois Richard (1990). Following a reduced form examination of these data, damages, induced inefficiency, and the ring's benefit from colluding are estimated using a structural model in the spirit of Emmanuel Guerre, Isabelle Perrigne, and Quang Vuong (2000). A notable finding is that nonring bidders suffered damages that were of the same order of magnitude as those of the sellers. (JEL D43, D44, L12)
The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
Authors: Romer Christina D , Romer David H
Published: June 2010

This paper investigates the impact of tax changes on economic activity. We use the narrative record, such as presidential speeches and Congressional reports, to identify the size, timing, and principal motivation for all major postwar tax policy actions. This analysis allows us to separate legislated changes into those taken for reasons related to prospective economic conditions and those taken for more exogenous reasons. The behavior of output following these more exogenous changes indicates that tax increases are highly contractionary. The effects are strongly significant, highly robust, and much larger than those obtained using broader measures of tax changes. (JEL E32, E62, H20, N12)
Infrequent Portfolio Decisions: A Solution to the Forward Discount Puzzle
Authors: Bacchetta Philippe , van Wincoop Eric
Published: June 2010

A major puzzle in international finance is that high interest rate currencies tend to appreciate (forward discount puzzle). Motivated by the fact that only a small fraction of foreign currency holdings is actively managed, we calibrate a two-country model in which agents make infrequent portfolio decisions. We show that the model can account for the forward discount puzzle. It can also account for several related empirical phenomena, including that of “delayed overshooting.” We also show that making infrequent portfolio decisions is optimal as the welfare gain from active currency management is smaller than the corresponding fees. (JEL F31, G11, G15)
A New Approach to Estimating the Production Function for Housing
Authors: Epple Dennis , Gordon Brett , Sieg Holger
Published: June 2010

Dating to the classic works of Alonso, Mills, and Muth, the production function for housing has played a central role in urban economics and local public finance. This paper provides a new flexible approach for estimating the housing production function which treats housing quantities and prices as latent variables. The empirical analysis is based on a comprehensive database of recently built properties in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. We find that the new method proposed in this paper works well in the application and provides reasonable estimates for the underlying production function. (JEL C51, D24, R11, R31)
Is a Donor in Hand Better than Two in the Bush? Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
Authors: Landry Craig E , Lange Andreas , List John A , Price Michael K , Rupp Nicholas G
Published: June 2010

This study examines why people initially give to charities, why they remain committed to the cause, and what factors attenuate these influences. Using an experimental design that links donations across distinct treatments separated in time, we present several results. For example, previous donors are more likely to give, and contribute more, than other donor types. Yet, how previous donors were acquired is critical: agents initially attracted by an economic mechanism are more likely to continue giving than agents attracted by a nonmechanism factor. From a methodological viewpoint, our study showcases the benefit of moving beyond an experimental design that focuses on short-run substitution effects. (JEL C93, D64, D82, H41, L31, Z12)
Intramolecular annulations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes
Authors: Lebold Terry P. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: June 2010

The intramolecular reaction of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with various dipoles and dipolar equivalents allows access to a variety of bicyclic adducts with good stereocontrol. The linkers can often be cleaved to provide stereodefined products.
Copper-catalyzed enantioselective aziridination of styrenes
Authors: Lebel Hélène , Parmentier Michaël
Published: June 2010

Studies regarding the copper-catalyzed enantioselective aziridination of styrenes with N-tosyloxycarbamates are presented. Catalyst, ligand, and reagent optimization will be discussed. Chiral aziridines were obtained in good yields and modest-to-good levels of stereochemical induction.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tonkiss Katie , Wagner Rikke , Shah Prakash , Daskalova Vessela
Published: June 2010

Migration Without Borders: Essays on the Free Movement of People, Antoine Pcoud and Paul De Guchteneire (Eds), (2007) New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books ISBN: 1845453468, Paperback, 45.00

Migrations and Mobilities: Citizenship, Borders, and Gender, Seyla
Benhabib and Judith Resnik (Eds), (2009) New York and London: New York University Press, (576 pp.) ISBN: 9780814776001, Paperback, $22.00

International Migration and the Governance of Religious Diversity, Paul Bramadat and Matthias Koenig (Eds), (2009) Kingston:
School of Policy Studies, Queens University, Canada 340 pp., ISBN: 1553392668, Paperback, $39.95

The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, and Societies, Scott E Page, (2008) Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 424 pp., ISBN
0691138540, Paperback, 14.99
Performing aesthetics, performing politics: The Jewish Home Beautiful and the re-shaping of the Jewish exile narrative
Authors: Neumark Devora
Published: June 2010

Performing Aesthetics, Performing Politics addresses the role that community art can play in the process of making home anew for dislocated individuals. By examining the specific case of The Jewish Home Beautiful pageant first written in the 1930s and performed by North American
Jewish congregations ever since questions about home's properties, associations and manifestations (or lack-thereof) in the political, cultural, emotional and physical realms are posited alongside a critical analysis of the ways in which aesthetics contribute to the process wherein homelessness
in one group ends up creating homelessness for others.
Towards an anthropology of cultural mobilities
Authors: Salazar Noel B
Published: June 2010

Human mobilities, whether horizontal or vertical, internal or boundary-crossing, are infused with cultural meaning, manifested in metacultural discourses and imaginaries. While cultural elements clearly have an impact on people's mobility, the way people move across borders also exerts
strong influence on their culture and society. Studying the interaction between culturally rooted imaginaries of mobility and real physical movements, a relation coloured by global media images as well as personal accounts, helps us understand the multiple meanings behind contemporary migratory
phenomena. Cultural anthropology, as a discipline situated between the social sciences and the humanities, is ideally suited to analyse critically the complex dynamics between mobile cultures and human mobility. This article, based on long-term fieldwork in Tanzania, exemplifies what an anthropological
take on the interplay between culture and mobility may look like. Placed in their wider historical and socio-economic context, I discuss migratory movements and their cultural representations in Tanzania. An analysis of the ethnographic data reveals how imaginaries and social relations concerning
mobility are materialized, enacted and inculcated. The particular case of the Maasai people, who are entangled in an intricate web of cultural mobilities, illustrates the complexity of the issues at stake.
Cinematic representations of diaspora: Italians and Jews
Authors: Marx Lesley , Cohen Robin
Published: June 2010

In this article we consider recent re-evaluations of the concept of diaspora and extend the notion of diasporic space using cinematic representations of two diasporic experiences, Italian and Jewish. The first film selected is the work of Edward Dmytryk, a controversial member of the
Hollywood Ten (prominent film-makers who refused to disclose their political affiliations during the McCarthy period). The second film is the work of Joan Micklin Silver, who, starting her career in the 1970s, draws particular attention to female experiences of diaspora. The two cases and
their respective filmic treatments show significant divergences. However, they are both concerned with the complex tasks of trying to retain elements of the old ways while finding legitimate cultural and social expression in the New World. Our analysis of the films also demonstrates the complex
ways in which the New and Old Worlds are spatially and imaginatively linked in the diasporic consciousness.
L'Affaire Hérouxville in context: Conflicting narratives on Islam, Muslim women, and identity
Authors: Ahadi Daniel
Published: June 2010

In January 2007 the small town of Hérouxville in Quebec, Canada, introduced a set of codes of conduct called Normes de vie de la municipalit d'Hérouxville (Standards of Living for Residents of Hérouxville). Despite the proclamation that these rules do not target any particular religion or culture, the language of the document suggests that the Muslim community was being targeted. This article seeks to analyse the context within which dominant discourses on Islam have been developed and carried forward in western societies. I will argue that the standards are a re-articulation of a centuries-long colonial construction of the Muslim Other. They are also symptomatic of a deep-rooted commitment to cultural preservation in Quebec society that (from time to time) lends itself to xenophobic sentiments. The article makes two recommendations on how to start remedying the overwhelmingly negative image of Muslims in Canada and the rest of the western world: (1) a better representation of Muslims in the mainstream media in Canada and other western countries, and (2) a sustainable multicultural communication infrastructure that enables active participation of citizens, including immigrant groups, in the public realm.
Body of the other: Constructing gender identity in anti-acid violence campaign materials in Bangladesh
Authors: Rhaman Mofizur
Published: June 2010

This article examines representations of the female and male bodies in the Acid Survivors Foundation's (ASF) campaign materials and the assumptions of femininity, masculinity, violence and vulnerability underpinning these representations, in relation to the issue campaign strategies.
It finds that women survivors are represented in ASF's campaign materials as victimized, discriminated and vulnerable in every aspect of their life. Women survivors' bodies are represented as defaced, helpless mothers and marked women. Thus women's identity is constructed in the framework
of victimhood and disfigurement, helplessness and motherhood, further normalizing female victimization. Active women involved in life struggle and exercising agency are also represented, but not in the posters the most public campaign material. In contrast, men are presented as actors be it
as perpetrators of violence, as law-enforcement agents or as activists against violence. Thereby, women are mainly represented as objects of violence, and only secondarily as agents, while men are portrayed as subjects be it violent or protective. ASF's materials show how painfully women are
affected by acid throwing. However, lack of gender sensitivity reinforces dominant gender stereotypes, undermining feminist transformative politics and reinforcing patriarchal focus on the body of the women as the body of the disfigured, victimized Other.
Rhetoric in industrial design
Authors: De Castro Martins Secca Ruivo Maria Ins
Published: June 2010

Based on some of the current proposals interpreting users as the centre of creation in design (Norman, Jordan or Krippendorff), this article raises the question as to what the author defines as the conceptual possibilities and impossibilities (ponderables and imponderables) of industrial
design. It explores possible interpretations between the rhetoric world of increasingly competitive and economy-oriented markets and the rhetorical artifices that can be used by the industrial designer in order to accomplish the functional and emotional requirements of products (transformed
into a dream come true for the user). In this approach (and through the visitation of some rhetorical phenomena of consumerism underlying the current social, economical and behavioural context of developed countries) the author underlines the intention behind actions of marketing, design,
management and mainly economy-oriented policies that guide those countries responsible for the cyclical creation, in the user, of self-identification with a new necessity: attaining a greater happiness through the consumption of a given product. Linked to this phenomenon, there is the framing
of several possible balance strategies, for example: the satisfaction of needs of companies/markets and the careful and sensitive suppression or super-suppression of user-consumer needs.

Within this issue, and by resorting to the general notion of rhetoric in design and specifically
to the notion of biomorphological rhetoric applied to design, emphasis is drawn to the importance nature may have to industrial design as an inspiring entity of project methodological praxes, which are both efficient from a commercial standpoint and from a functional-emotional
standpoint for the user.

In short, considering the above mentioned scope of limitation of different contexts where the new rhetorical-semantic dimension of design is established, this article proposes that the functional-emotional humanization of solutions developed by designers are a result
of the harmonization between the subjectivity inherent to professional ethical deontological values, considering the human-user being, and the intrinsic objectivity of strategic-profitable values supporting producing companies, considering the human-user being. This is because (in the author's
perspective), today, more than in the past, both actions must always function as a whole.
Positive aspects of women of different cultures: an analysis of two multimodal covers
Authors: Lirola Mara Martnez
Published: June 2010

We live in a society surrounded by texts where the visual dominates. Moreover, images reflect and influence the expression of social life, culture and the values of a community. The discourse of covers is multimodal by nature and emphasizes modes of communication that are not written.
The visual mode is the most important in order to catch readers' attention. In this article I analyse two covers of the magazine Antena Misionera in which a woman from a different culture is represented. I have selected these texts because, in general, the images selected by the media
represent certain attitudes of people towards immigrants. The selection of the covers is motivated by my interest on immigration, in other cultures and in the image of women represented in the press. The different visual elements that are found in these covers provide a basis for describing
the meanings embedded within the images of immigrant women and provide examples of the portrayal of a non-stereotypical view of this group of immigrants.
Variable contribution of protein kinases to the generation of the human phosphoproteome: a global weblogo analysis
Authors: Salvi Mauro , Cesaro Luca , Pinna Lorenzo A.
Published: June 2010

In an attempt to evaluate the contribution of individual protein kinases to the generation of the human phosphoproteome, we performed a global weblogo analysis exploiting a database of 45641 phosphosites (80% pSer, 11% pTyr, 9% pThr). The outcome of this analysis was then interpreted by comparison with similar logos constructed from bona fide phospoacceptor sites of individual pleiotropic kinases. The main conclusions that were drawn are as follows: (i) the hallmarks surrounding phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues are more pronounced than and sharply different from those found around phosphorylated Tyr, which is consistent with the view that local consensus sequences are particularly important for substrate recognition by Ser/Thr protein kinases. (ii) Only six residues are positively selected around phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues, notably Pro (particularly at n+1), Glu, and to a lesser extent Asp, at various positions with special reference to n+3, Arg (and to a much lesser extent Lys), particularly at n-3 and n-5, and Ser, at various positions, particularly n+4 and n-4. (iii) This composite signature reflects the contribution of kinases whose bona fide substrates exhibit logos partially overlapping that of the whole phosphoproteome. These are Pro-directed kinases belonging to the CMGC group, some basophilic kinases belonging to the ACG and CAMK groups, phosphate-directed kinases such as GSK3 and members of the CK1 group and the individual highly acidophilic CK2. Collectively taken our data support the concept that a relatively small number of highly pleiotropic kinases contribute to the generation of the great majority of the human Ser/Thr phosphoproteome.
Errors in transfusion: causes and measures to avoid them
Authors: Franchini Massimo
Published: June 2010

Adverse events related to medical errors are common worldwide and largely unreported. However, they represent a serious problem within the health care community, resulting in avoidable loss of life and/or extremely high costs. Likewise, errors in transfusion medicine, which most frequently involve misidentification of the patient, not rarely may have life-threatening consequences. In this review, the errors related to blood transfusion are briefly summarized along with new technologies developed for improving blood safety.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1075–7.
Development and evaluation of an automated hepatitis C virus NS5B sequence-based subtyping assay
Authors: Koletzki Diana , Dumont Stéphanie , Vermeiren Hans , Fevery Bart , De Smet Pieter , Stuyver Lieven J.
Published: June 2010

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping and accurate subtype determination is becoming increasingly important to better understand viral evolution, the development of resistance to STAT-C, and possibly even for the treatment and management of chronic HCV-infected patients.

Methods: A subtyping assay based on a 329-bp sequence of the NS5B region, together with an automated subtype interpretation tool was developed. Clinical samples of the six major genotypes were used to assess assay performance characteristics.

Results: The NS5B BLAST-based subtyping assay showed clinical sensitivity for amplification of 89% (n=603 random samples). Assessment of analytical sensitivity of amplification for genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 revealed a suitable performance for high viral load samples and decreased only with low viral loads. The results were 100% and 99% accurate at the genotype and subtype level, respectively. A concordance of 97% on genotype level and 62% on subtype level was observed by comparison with subtype results from 5′ non-coding-based assays with a panel of 276 isolates.

Conclusions: The HCV NS5B subtyping assay has been validated for research use. Based on its performance, it is the method of choice in cases where subtype rather than genotype information is needed.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1095–102.
Coeliac disease – a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Kaukinen Katri , Lindfors Katri , Collin Pekka , Koskinen Outi , Mäki Markku
Published: June 2010

During the past 20 years the diagnosis of coeliac disease has improved significantly. However, at the same time the true prevalence of the condition has doubled, involving more than 2% of the population in some countries. Due to mild or atypical symptoms, the diagnosis remains a challenge for the health care system. Highly sensitive and specific serum endomysial and transglutaminase-2 antibody tests are helpful in identifying patients for diagnostic endoscopy and small-bowel biopsy. The diagnosis of the disease is still based on the demonstration of gluten-induced small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia. However, coeliac disease may manifest itself before the development of the overt small-intestinal lesion. Positive endomysial and transglutaminase antibodies in patients with normal small-bowel mucosal villous architecture may indicate early stage coeliac disease. Currently, the only effective treatment for the condition is a life-long strict gluten-free diet. Long-term regular follow-up of patients is recommended in order to maintain good adherence to the diet.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1205–16.
Serum soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I concentrations independently predict prognosis in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Fuksiewicz Malgorzata , Kowalska Maria , Kotowicz Beata , Rubach Maryna , Chechlinska Magdalena , Pienkowski Tadeusz , Kaminska Janina
Published: June 2010

Background: The aim of this study was to exploit the potential clinical use of circulating cytokine assessment in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: The following circulating cytokines were measured in 210 histopathologically confirmed, untreated breast cancer patients: interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 8 (IL-8), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (sTNF RI), sTNF RII, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), interleukin 10 (IL-10), macrophage colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The patients have been followed-up for 10 years.

Results: bFGF and VEGF showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity. Only IL-6 concentrations were related to the clinical stage. A high percentage of patients in clinical stage I showed increased serum sTNF RII, VEGF and bFGF concentrations, of which only sTNF RII was found to be increased in a smaller percentage of patients with more advanced disease compared with patients with early stage disease. Patients aged 50 years and more presented with significantly higher concentrations of sTNF RI, IL-10, IL-6 and VEGF compared with younger patients. In multivariate analysis, a significant value of pretreatment serum sTNF RI concentrations, next to stage and oestrogen receptors status, was its utility as an independent prognostic factor of the overall survival in patients with breast cancer.

Conclusions: Serum sTNF RI may be considered an additional, independent and clinically useful factor of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1481–6.
High resolution melting for the identification of mutations in the iron responsive element of the ferritin light chain gene
Authors: Castiglioni Emanuela , Soriani Nadia , Girelli Domenico , Camaschella Clara , Spiga Ivana , Della Porta Matteo G. , Ferrari Maurizio , Cremonesi Laura
Published: June 2010

Background: Among the causes of hyperferritinemia, hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome (HHCS) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by distinctive cataracts and high serum ferritin. It is caused by mutations in the iron responsive element (IRE) of the ferritin light chain gene (FTL).

Methods: To speed up and simplify mutational scanning in this genomic region, we developed a protocol based on high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis.

Results: Validation was carried out using 18 wild-type and 14 DNA samples carrying different mutations, each analyzed in replicates of 20. The method allowed for correct identification and genotyping of all mutant samples, and each variant generated a specific profile distinguishable from the wild type. A 5.5% proportion of false positive results were obtained. In addition, in two patients with HHCS, two new mutations were identified by HRM based on an altered melting profile. These mutations were subsequently characterized by direct sequencing (7C>G+40A>G and 49A>C).

Conclusions: The high reliability of HRM in detecting known and new DNA variations indicate that this could be an effective and sensitive method for molecular scanning of mutations in the IRE of the FTL gene in patients presenting with either HHCS or unexplained hyperferritinemia.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1415–8.
Generalized Ramanujan conjecture over general imaginary quadratic fields
Authors: Nakasuji Maki
Published: June 2010

The new bound toward the generalized Ramanujan conjecture for

G

L
n

(

𝐀
𝐐

)

$\textup {GL}_n({\bf A}_{\bf Q})$
is given by Kim–Sarnak [4].
We generalize it to that for

G

L
n

(

𝐀
F

)

$\textup {GL}_n({\bf A}_{F})$
with

F

$F$
being an imaginary quadratic field.
Applying the obtained bound to the automorphic representation of

G

L
5

$\textup {GL}_5$

gives the following estimate for the first positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian on

L
2

(

3

)

$L^2(\Gamma \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^3)$
, where

$\Gamma $
is any congruence subgroups of

S

L
2

(

F

)

$\textup {SL}_2({\mathcal {O}}_F)$

with

F

${\mathcal {O}}_F$
the ring of integers of

F

$F$
:

1

(

)

0
.
952

$\lambda _1(\Gamma ) \ge 0.952\cdots $
.
Crown-free highly arc-transitive digraphs
Authors: Amato Daniela , Truss John K.
Published: June 2010

We construct a family of infinite, non-locally finite highly arc-transitive digraphs which do
not have universal reachability relation and which omit special digraphs called `crowns'. Moreover, there
is no homomorphism from any of our digraphs onto

Z

$Z$
. The methods are adapted from [6] and [7].
Korean Social Concertation at the Crossroads: Consolidation or Deterioration?
Authors: Yang Jae-Jin
Published: June 2010

Since South Korea made a historic social pact in 1998 amid the Asian financial crisis, a newly established presidential committee, the Korea Tripartite Commission, has become a center of social concertation. The Korean case signifies the need to complement the theory of social concertation with a new set of hypotheses concerning structural factors, with particular attention to industrial structure and the mode of labor movement.
The Limits of Foreign Aid in Strengthening Bangladesh's Parliament: Analysis of the U.N.'s Strengthening Parliamentary Democracy Project
Authors: Rahaman Muhammad Mustafizur
Published: June 2010

This paper examines the multi-donor-funded project called Strengthening Parliamentary Democracy (SPD), designed to strengthen Bangladesh's Parliament. In particular, it focuses on attempted reforms in the parliamentary committee system and in its rules of procedure. The article argues that the SPD has only been marginally successful in meeting its objectives, and identifies reasons for this limited success.
Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation
Authors: Haggard Stephan , Noland Marcus
Published: June 2010

Following North Korea's second nuclear test, the U.N. Security Council tightened sanctions. However, North Korea has tilted its relations toward partners uninterested in such measures. Since 2005, it has retreated from economic reform, most obviously in the 2009 confiscatory currency reform. These developments raise doubts about North Korea's interest in engagement.
Framing Energy Security Between Russia and South Korea?: Progress, Problems, and Prospects
Authors: Ahn Se Hyun
Published: June 2010

This article examines the progress, problems, and prospects of Russian-South Korean energy security cooperation. Several ongoing energy projects between Russia and South Korea are highly likely to enhance energy security needs for both countries. Nevertheless, the development of bilateral energy projects has been extremely slow.
China's Strategic Interests in Cambodia: Influence and Resources
Authors: Burgos Sigfrido , Ear Sophal
Published: June 2010

Cambodia is pivotal to China's strategies to project greater influence in Southeast Asia, buffer longstanding rivals, and potentially tame America's hegemony. China's transformation from regional backwater into influential global actor raises concerns for many countries. As expected, the rise of a powerful regional player makes traditional hegemonic countries anxious.
A new low-loss microwave dielectric ceramic for low temperature cofired ceramic applications
Authors: Zhou Huanfu , Chen Xiuli , Fang Liang , Chu Dongjin , Wang Hong
Published: June 2010

A new low sintering temperature microwave dielectric ceramic, Li2ZnTi3O8, was investigated. X-ray diffraction data show that Li2ZnTi3O8 has a cubic structure [P4332(212)] with lattice parameters a = 8.37506 Å, V = 587.44 Å3, and Z = 4 when the sintering temperature is 1050 °C. The Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramic exhibits good microwave dielectric properties with εr about 26.2, Q×f value about 62,000 GHz, and τf about −15 ppm/°C. The addition of BaCu(B2O5) can effectively lower the sintering temperature from 1050 to 900 °C without degrading the microwave dielectric properties. Compatibility with Ag electrode indicates this material can be applied to low temperature cofired ceramic devices.
Growth and characterization of type II ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowire arrays
Authors: Zheng Jinjian , Wu Zhiming , Yang Weihuang , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong
Published: June 2010

Type II ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowire arrays were grown by a two-step chemical vapor deposition. The nanowire arrays with dense nanoislands on the surface are well aligned and normal to the substrate imaged by scanning electron microscopy. The core/shell structure of nanowires was identified by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The structure and composition of the shell were confirmed to be wurtzite ZnSe by x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Moreover, an intense emission was observed at 1.89 eV smaller than the band gaps of core and shell materials by photoluminescence, indicating the achievement of the type II band alignment at the interface. This study is expected to contribute to the potential applications in novel photovoltaic devices.
Electrospun carbon nanofiber-supported Pt–Pd alloy composites for oxygen reduction
Authors: Lin Zhan , Ji Liwen , Toprakci Ozan , Krause Wendy , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: June 2010

Carbon nanofiber-supported Pt–Pd alloy composites were prepared by co-electrodepositing Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM)/(EDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the composition of Pt–Pd alloy on the composites, and the co-electrodeposition mechanism of Pt–Pd alloy was investigated. The resultant Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 at 25 °C to study their electrocatalytic ability to reduce oxygen. Results show that Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites possess good performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. Among all Pt–Pd/carbon nanofibers prepared, the nanofiber composite with a Pt–Pd loading of 0.90 mg/cm2 has the highest electrocatalytic activity by catalyst mass.
Cryo-transmission electron microscopy of Ag nanoparticles grown on an ionic liquid substrate
Authors: Anjum Dalaver H. , Stiger Rebecca M. , Finley James J. , Conway James F.
Published: June 2010

We report a novel method of growing silver nanostructures by cathodic sputtering onto an ionic liquid (IL) and our visualization by transmission cryo-electron microscopy to avoid beam-induced motion of the nanoparticles. By freezing the IL suspension and controlling electron dose, we can assess properties of particle size, morphology, crystallinity, and aggregation in situ and at high detail. We observed round silver nanoparticles with a well-defined diameter of 7.0 ± 1.5 nm that are faceted with crystalline cubic structures and ˜80% of the particles have multiply twinned faults. We also applied cryo-electron tomography to investigate the structure of the nanoparticles and to directly visualize the IL wetting around them. In addition to particles, we observed nanorods that appear to have assembled from individual nanoparticles. Reexamination of the samples after 4–5 days from initial preparation showed significant changes in morphology, and potential mechanisms for this are discussed.
Recent advances and challenges in electroplastic manufacturing processing of metals
Authors: Guan Lei , Tang Guoyi , Chu Paul K.
Published: June 2010

Electroplastic manufacturing processing (EPMP) is a relatively new metal-forming process that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to manufacture metals or alloys that are difficult to process by conventional manufacturing protocols. There have been significant advances in EPMP in the past decade, and this review summarizes our current state of understanding and describes recent developments in EPMP. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the mechanisms responsible for the electroplastic effect and microstructure evolution as well as major advances in EPMP of metals. Challenges facing theoretical and experimental investigations are also discussed.
A facile wet chemical route to prepare ZnO/TiO2 nanotube composites and their photocatalytic activities
Authors: Zhu Lei , Liu Guocong , Duan Xuechen , Zhang Zhi Jian
Published: June 2010

Highly dispersed ZnO/TiO2 nanotube composites (NTCs) were successfully synthesized by a facile ethylenediamine-assisted deposition-precipitation route. The characterizations from x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that hexagonal wurtzite phase ZnO NPs with an average size of about 2 nm were homogeneously dispersed and anchored on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) to form ZnO/TiO2 NTCs. The as-prepared ZnO/TiO2 NTCs with the atom ratio Zn/Ti of 1:4 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methyl orange compared with P25 and pure TiO2 NTs, which were mainly caused by an increase of interfacial charge transfer reactions and a decrease of electron-hole pair recombination on ZnO-TNTs heterojunction. Furthermore, ZnO/TiO2 NTCs possessed favorable recycle efficiency due to their relatively high sedimentation rate and only a slight decrease of photocatalytic activity after a six time recycle.
Stress–strain behaviors of 〈110〉-oriented Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 after magnetic annealing
Authors: Zhang Changsheng , Ma Tianyu , Yan Mi
Published: June 2010

Compressive stress–strain behaviors in a 〈110〉-oriented crystal Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 after magnetic annealing have been investigated under a series of quasi-static magnetic fields, attempting to add more insight into the corresponding domain-switching process. The magnetically annealed crystal outputs larger final strains than the untreated one, although it exhibits similar stress–strain behaviors. An obvious improvement also occurs in the initial Young's modulus E0 after magnetic annealing. The corresponding domain switching processes under compressive stress have been discussed. Non-180° domain processes are favored because of the specific initial domain states, which can be reflected by the shortening of the flat stage in magnetostriction–magnetic induction (λ–B) curve and the increase of the critical field where maximum forced magnetostriction constant d33 locates.
The failure stress of bulk metallic glasses under very high strain rate
Authors: Liu Wei-Dong , Liu Kai-Xin , Xia Xing-Xiang , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: June 2010

The dynamic uniaxial compressive behavior of Zr-based metallic glasses under a wide high strain rate was studied by a miniaturized split Hopkinson pressure bar, including high strain rate up to 104 s−1. Experimental results indicate that the uniaxial compressive failure stress would decrease suddenly and then tend to hold steady with increasing strain rate. This phenomenon provides a generalized perspective for understanding the effect of local heat generation on the deformation of metallic glasses under dynamic loads.
Preferred heteroepitaxial orientations of ZnO nanorods on Ag
Authors: Floro J.A. , Michael J.R. , Brewer L.N. , Hsu J.W.P.
Published: June 2010

Wurtzite ZnO nanorods were grown from solution onto coarse-grain bulk polycrystalline Ag substrates to explore the nature of preferred heteroepitaxial orientations. ZnO nanorods grow copiously on grains with <111> and <001> surface normals. Two epitaxial orientations were observed: {0001} ZnO ‖ {111} Ag with <20> ZnO ‖ <10> Ag and {0001} ZnO ‖ {001} Ag with <20> ZnO ‖ <10> Ag. Both feature ZnO basal plane growth, and the specific in-plane orientation relationships both feature alignment of close-packed directions in the interface. Nanorod growth was strongly suppressed on Ag grains in most other orientations. Although strain energy minimization is often invoked to explain the {0001} ZnO ‖ {111} Ag with <20> ZnO ‖ <10> Ag orientation, associated with an almost ideal near-coincidence site lattice matching, our data suggests that strain may not be the sole, or even the most important, determinant of the preferred orientations during solution-based epitaxial growth in this system.
Nanoscale phase transitions under extreme conditions within an ion track
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Lang Maik , Ewing Rodney C. , Devanathan Ram , Weber William J. , Toulemonde Marcel
Published: June 2010

The dynamics of track development due to the passage of relativistic heavy ions through solids is a long-standing issue relevant to nuclear materials, age dating of minerals, space exploration, and nanoscale fabrication of novel devices. We have integrated experimental and simulation approaches to investigate nanoscale phase transitions under the extreme conditions created within single tracks of relativistic ions in Gd2O3(TiO2)xand Gd2Zr2–xTixO7. Track size and internal structure depend on energy density deposition, irradiation temperature, and material composition. Based on the inelastic thermal spike model, molecular dynamics simulations follow the time evolution of individual tracks and reveal the phase transition pathways to the concentric track structures observed experimentally. Individual ion tracks have nanoscale core-shell structures that provide a unique record of the phase transition pathways under extreme conditions.
Modified embedded-atom method interatomic potentials for the Nb-C, Nb-N, Fe-Nb-C, and Fe-Nb-N systems
Authors: Kim Hyun-Kyu , Jung Woo-Sang , Lee Byeong-Joo
Published: June 2010

Modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) interatomic potentials for Nb-C, Nb-N, Fe-Nb-C, and Fe-Nb-N systems have been developed based on the previously developed MEAM potentials for lower order systems. The potentials reproduce various fundamental physical properties (structural properties, elastic properties, thermal properties, and surface properties) of NbC and NbN, and interfacial energy between bcc Fe and NbC or NbN, in generally good agreement with higher-level calculations or experimental information. The applicability of the present potentials to atomic-level investigations to the precipitation behavior of complex-carbonitrides (Nb,Ti)(C,N) as well as NbC and NbN, and their effects on the mechanical properties of steels are also discussed.
Quantifying the Economic Effects of Hypoxia on a Fishery for Brown Shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus
Authors: Huang Ling , Smith Martin D. , Craig J. Kevin
Published: June 2010

Although hypoxia is a threat to coastal ecosystems, policy makers have limited information about its economic impacts on fisheries. Studies using spatially and temporally aggregated data generally fail to detect statistically significant effects of hypoxia on fisheries. Limited recent work using disaggregated fishing data (microdata) has revealed modest effects of hypoxia on the catches of recreationally harvested species. These studies did not account for important spatial and temporal aspects of the system, however. For example, the effects of hypoxia on catch may not materialize instantaneously but involve a lagged process reflecting cumulative past exposure. This paper develops a differenced bioeconomic model to account for the lagged effects of hypoxia on the North Carolina fishery for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus. The model integrates high-resolution oxygen monitoring data with fishery-dependent microdata from North Carolina's trip ticket program to investigate the detailed spatial and temporal relationships of hypoxia to commercial fishery harvests. The main finding is that hypoxia may have resulted in a 12.9% annual decrease in the brown shrimp harvest during the period 1999–2005. The paper also develops two alternative models—a nondifferenced model and a polynomial distributed lag model—whose results are consistent with those of the main model.
Autogenous Periosteal Barrier Membranes and Bone Grafts in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects of Single‐Rooted Teeth: A 12‐Month Reentry Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Paolantonio Michele , Femminella Beatrice , Coppolino Evelina , Sammartino Gilberto , D'Arcangelo Camillo , Perfetti Giorgio , Perinetti Giuseppe
Published: June 2010

Background: This randomized clinical trial compares the outcomes of combination treatment by autogenous periosteal membranes and bone graft versus guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with collagen membranes or open‐flap debridement (OFD) only in the treatment of intraosseous defects.

Methods: Forty‐two patients affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled. Each patient had one deep intrabony defect (≥6 mm). They were randomly assigned into three groups: patients treated with 1) an OFD procedure alone (OFD group); 2) a GTR procedure with collagen membranes (GTR group); and 3) a combined treatment procedure by autogenous periosteal membranes and autogenous bone chips (aCPRT group). Clinical and intrasurgical examinations including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and defect bone level (DBL) were performed at baseline and after 1 year.

Results: After 1 year, all of the evaluated clinical parameters showed statistically significant changes from baseline within each group (P <0.01). The GTR and aCPRT groups had significantly greater PD reductions (5.2 and 4.4 mm, respectively) and CAL (3.2 and 3.9 mm) and DBL gains (2.4 and 3.1 mm) compared to the OFD group (PD, 2.9 mm; CAL, 1.6 mm; DBL, 1.5 mm); moreover, the aCPRT group showed a significantly smaller GR increase (0.5 mm) and a greater DBL gain (3.1 mm) compared to the GTR group (2 and 2.4 mm, respectively; P <0.05).

Conclusions: Both the GTR and aCPRT treatments produce additional clinical benefits over OFD alone. Moreover, the aCPRT technique can minimize post‐surgical GR and produce better defect bone‐level improvement.
Comparison Between Micro‐ and Macrosurgical Techniques for the Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions Using Coronally Positioned Flaps and Enamel Matrix Derivative
Authors: Andrade Patrícia F. , Grisi Márcio F.M. , Marcaccini Andrea M. , Fernandes Patrícia G. , Reino Danilo M. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mário , Palioto Daniela B. , Novaes Arthur B.
Published: June 2010

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the macro‐ and microsurgery techniques for root coverage using a coronally positioned flap (CPF) associated with enamel matrix derivative (EMD).

Methods: Thirty patients were selected for the treatment of localized gingival recessions (GRs) using CPF associated to EMD. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to the test group (TG), and 15 patients were randomly assigned to the control group (CG). The microsurgical approach was performed in the TG, and the conventional macrosurgical technique was performed in the CG. The clinical parameters evaluated before surgery and after 6 months were GR, probing depth, relative clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue (WKT), and thickness of keratinized tissue (TKT). The discomfort evaluation was performed 1 week postoperative.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for all parameters at baseline. At 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference between the techniques in achieving root coverage. The percentage of root coverage was 92% and 83% for TG and CG, respectively. After 6 months, there was a statistically significant increase of WKT and TKT in TG only. Both procedures were well tolerated by all patients.

Conclusions: The macro‐ and microsurgery techniques provided a statistically significant reduction in GR height. After 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference between the techniques regarding root coverage, and the microsurgical technique demonstrated a statistically significant increase in WKT and TKT.