bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying fish and estimating abundance and swim velocities of migrating Pacific salmon using adaptive resolution imaging sonar in mobile surveys
Authors: Xie Yunbo , Hornsby Rachael L , Hanot William H , Bartel-Sawatzky Michael , Nelitz Jacqueline L
Published: July 2024

Mobile acoustic sounding is an effective survey method for fish abundance residing or migrating in large riverine basins and marine areas. A long-standing challenge in acoustic fish surveys with conventional sonar is the uncertainty in identifying fish targets from acquired echo data. Identification errors of fish targets can significantly bias estimates of fish abundances and negatively impact the management of fisheries. In contrast to conventional sonar, adaptive resolution imaging sonar (ARIS), if deployed properly with appropriate settings, can yield high-quality images of fish targets. ARIS images acquired with adequate frame rates can form video recordings to allow for confident identification of fish targets from recorded morphological features, sizes, direction of movements, and speeds. In this paper, we present an approach of using ARIS sonar for mobile surveys of fish passage in a riverine environment. Applications of this approach are demonstrated for its practical values with results from an ARIS-based mobile survey of upstream migrating salmon at an acoustically challenging fish-counting site on the lower Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada.
Democracy and defections
Authors: Khosla Madhav , Vaishnav Milan
Published: July 2024

Within comparative constitutional law, there is an emerging consensus that political fragmentation has weakened political parties and hindered the functioning of legislative bodies. This article examines legal efforts to curb fragmentation in parliamentary systems by prohibiting floor crossing, or “defections”—a constitutional approach that concentrates power within party leaders. It conducts a detailed case study of India, exploring what is arguably the most extensive experiment in anti-defection law and its impact on accountability and representation. The article goes on to analyze similar laws in Israel and South Africa, highlighting the challenges of self-regulation. After evaluating the limitations of narrow anti-defection laws—such as the one in Pakistan—it proposes that the drawbacks of legislating party unity through formal defection regulation may prompt a reconsideration not only of legislatures but also political parties and political polarization. While some scholars have viewed attempts to stem fragmentation as a solution for limiting polarization, this article suggests the opposite: sharpening polarization, when coupled with norm-based internal party controls, may well tame the excesses of fragmentation, especially in non-programmatic multiparty systems. Although there are difficult tradeoffs here, as polarization can have independent (adverse) effects, the broader lessons of anti-defection laws deserve to be reckoned with. Ultimately, however, what the widespread adoption of anti-defection laws might primarily reveal is the nature of our faith—or lack thereof—in the promise of a certain form of parliamentary politics.
Long-term accuracy of numerical approximations of SPDEs with the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations as a paradigm
Authors: Glatt-Holtz Nathan E , Mondaini Cecilia F
Published: July 2024

This work introduces a general framework for establishing the long time accuracy for approximations of Markovian dynamical systems on separable Banach spaces. Our results illuminate the role that a certain uniformity in Wasserstein contraction rates for the approximating dynamics bears on long time accuracy estimates. In particular, our approach yields weak consistency bounds on ${\mathbb{R}}^{+}$ while providing a means to sidestepping a commonly occurring situation where certain higher order moment bounds are unavailable for the approximating dynamics. Additionally, to facilitate the analytical core of our approach, we develop a refinement of certain ‘weak Harris theorems’. This extension expands the scope of applicability of such Wasserstein contraction estimates to a variety of interesting stochastic partial differential equation examples involving weaker dissipation or stronger nonlinearity than would be covered by the existing literature. As a guiding and paradigmatic example, we apply our formalism to the stochastic 2D Navier–Stokes equations and to a semi-implicit in time and spectral Galerkin in space numerical approximation of this system. In the case of a numerical approximation, we establish quantitative estimates on the approximation of invariant measures as well as prove weak consistency on ${\mathbb{R}}^{+}$. To develop these numerical analysis results, we provide a refinement of $L^{2}_{x}$ accuracy bounds in comparison to the existing literature, which are results of independent interest.
dg-Hecke Duality and Tensor Products
Authors: Schneider Peter , Sorensen Claus
Published: July 2024

We continue our study of the monoidal category $D(G)$ begun in [ 12]. At the level of cohomology we transfer the duality functor $R\underline{\operatorname{Hom}}(-,k)$ to the derived category of dg-modules $D(H_{U}^{\bullet })$. In the process we develop a more general and streamlined approach to the anti-involution $\mathscr J$ from [ 8]. We also verify that the tensor product on $D(G)$ corresponds to an operadic tensor product on the dg-side (cf [ 5]). This uses a result of Schnürer on dg-categories with a model structure.
Quantum Lefschetz Without Curves
Authors: Oh Jeongseok , Thomas Richard P
Published: July 2024

Given one quasi-smooth derived space cut out of another by a section of a 2-term complex of bundles, we give two formulae for its virtual cycle. They are modelled on the the $p$-fields construction of Chang–Li and the Quantum Lefschetz principle, and recover these when applied to moduli spaces of (stable or quasi-) maps. When the complex is a single bundle we recover the results of Kim–Kresch–Pantev.
Air monitoring by nanopore sequencing
Authors: Reska Tim , Pozdniakova Sofya , Borràs Sílvia , Perlas Albert , Sauerborn Ela , Cañas Lídia , Schloter Michael , Rodó Xavier , Wang Yuanyuan , Winkler Barbro , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Urban Lara
Published: July 2024

While the air microbiome and its diversity are essential for human health and ecosystem resilience, comprehensive air microbial diversity monitoring has remained rare, so that little is known about the air microbiome’s composition, distribution, or functionality. Here we show that nanopore sequencing-based metagenomics can robustly assess the air microbiome in combination with active air sampling through liquid impingement and tailored computational analysis. We provide fast and portable laboratory and computational approaches for air microbiome profiling, which we leverage to robustly assess the taxonomic composition of the core air microbiome of a controlled greenhouse environment and of a natural outdoor environment. We show that long-read sequencing can resolve species-level annotations and specific ecosystem functions through de novo metagenomic assemblies despite the low amount of fragmented DNA used as an input for nanopore sequencing. We then apply our pipeline to assess the diversity and variability of an urban air microbiome, using Barcelona, Spain, as an example; this randomized experiment gives first insights into the presence of highly stable location-specific air microbiomes within the city’s boundaries, and showcases the robust microbial assessments that can be achieved through automatable, fast, and portable nanopore sequencing technology.
Effect of digital tools to promote hospital quality and safety on adverse events after discharge
Authors: Vasudevan Anant , Plombon Savanna , Piniella Nicholas , Garber Alison , Malik Maria , O’Fallon Erin , Goyal Abhishek , Gershanik Esteban , Kumar Vivek , Fiskio Julie , Yoon Cathy , Lipsitz Stuart R , Schnipper Jeffrey L , Dalal Anuj K
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Post-discharge adverse events (AEs) are common and heralded by new and worsening symptoms (NWS). We evaluated the effect of electronic health record (EHR)-integrated digital tools designed to promote quality and safety in hospitalized patients on NWS and AEs after discharge.

Materials and Methods

Adult general medicine patients at a community hospital were enrolled. We implemented a dashboard which clinicians used to assess safety risks during interdisciplinary rounds. Post-implementation patients were randomized to complete a discharge checklist whose responses were incorporated into the dashboard. Outcomes were assessed using EHR review and 30-day call data adjudicated by 2 clinicians and analyzed using Poisson regression. We conducted comparisons of each exposure on post-discharge outcomes and used selected variables and NWS as independent predictors to model post-discharge AEs using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 260 patients (122 pre, 71 post [dashboard], 67 post [dashboard plus discharge checklist]) enrolled. The adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) for NWS and AEs were unchanged in the post- compared to pre-implementation period. For patient-reported NWS, aIRR was non-significantly higher for dashboard plus discharge checklist compared to dashboard participants (1.23 [0.97,1.56], P = .08). For post-implementation patients with an AE, aIRR for duration of injury (>1 week) was significantly lower for dashboard plus discharge checklist compared to dashboard participants (0 [0,0.53], P < .01). In multivariable models, certain patient-reported NWS were associated with AEs (3.76 [1.89,7.82], P < .01).

Discussion

While significant reductions in post-discharge AEs were not observed, checklist participants experiencing a post-discharge AE were more likely to report NWS and had a shorter duration of injury.

Conclusion

Interventions designed to prompt patients to report NWS may facilitate earlier detection of AEs after discharge.

ClinicalTrials.gov

NCT05232656
Characterization of the ruminal microbiota in sheep and goats fed different levels of tannin-rich Sericea lespedeza hay
Authors: Min Byeng R , Wang Wei , Pitta Dipti W , Indugu Nagaraju , Patra Amlan K , Wang Hong He , Abrahamsen Frank , Hilaire Mariline , Puchala Ryszard
Published: July 2024

Understanding ruminal microbiota and diet–host breed interactions under forage feeding conditions is essential for optimizing rumen fermentation and improving feed efficiency in small ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ratios of condensed tannin-rich Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) in the diets on changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and host species (i.e., sheep and goats). Katahdin sheep (n = 12) and Alpine goats (n = 12) at approximately 10 to 12 mo of age were blocked by body weight (BW = 30.3 and 25.5 kg, respectively) and randomly assigned to one of the 3 treatments. Diets contained 75% coarsely ground forage and 25% concentrate. The forages were 1) 100% alfalfa hay (AL), 2) 100% SL, and 3) 50% AL + 50% SL (ASL). In the present study, the diversity and composition of ruminal microbiota differed between sheep and goats fed similar diets. Based on the taxonomic analysis, there was a distinct clustering pattern (P < 0.05) for sheep by diets, but such a pattern was not observed for goats (P > 0.1). The most predominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota, and methanogen species of Methanobrevibactor sp. in the rumen of sheep and goats, regardless of diets. The Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota were enriched in sheep fed AL and ASL. In contrast, these microbial phyla were enhanced in goats fed tannin-rich SL diets, with the diet-by-host species interaction (P < 0.02) for the Bacteroidetes phylum. Sheep rumen fluid samples showed a higher degree of variability in microbial community composition compared to goat rumen fluid samples. The relative proportion of the Aspergillus fungi population was reduced to 90.7% in the SL group compared with the AL group, regardless of host species. The antimicrobial activity of tannins and greater sensitivities of selected microbiota species to these tannin compounds during SL feeding in sheep and goats perhaps caused this difference. The results from this study suggest that differences in the microbiota were associated with differences in diets and host species. Therefore, this study provides a better understanding of ruminal microbiota and diet–host species interactions under various tannin-rich diets, which could advance consolidative information on rumen microbiome community diversity changes and may improve sheep and goat production.
Sex-specific phosphorus (P)-use and -acquisition in dioecious Populus euphratica under different soil moisture levels
Authors: Si Shengwei , He Yue , Li Zongpei , Xia Zhichao
Published: July 2024

Dioecious plants show sexual dimorphism in their phosphorus (P) availability responses. However, the understanding of sex-specific strategies for P utilization and acquisition under varying soil moisture levels remains unclear. Here, we assessed a range of root functional traits, soil P properties, total foliar P concentration ([P]) and leaf chemical P fractions—inorganic P ([Pi]), metabolite P ([PM]), lipid P ([PL]), nucleic acid P ([PN]) and residual P ([PR])—as well as other leaf functional traits in female and male trees under different soil moisture levels (25% for high and 7% for low). Our results showed that females had larger specific root length under well-watered conditions, resulting in greater root foraging capacity. This led to a 36.3% decrease in soil active [Pi] in the rhizosphere and a 66.9 % increase in total foliar [P], along with all five foliar chemical P fractions ([Pi], [PM], [PL], [PN] and [PR]) compared with males. However, males exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic P utilization efficiency than females. Especially under low soil moisture levels, males exhibited a significant reduction in soil active organic P, coupled with a large increase in the exudation of soil phosphatases and carboxylates. Furthermore, the proportion of [PM] in total foliar [P] was 42.0% higher in males than in females. Mantel and Spearman correlation analyses revealed distinct coordination and trade-offs between foliar P fraction allocation and below-ground P acquisition strategies between the two sexes. Leveraging these sex-specific strategies could enhance the resilience of dioecious populations in forest plantations facing climate-induced variability.
Rohingya women as refugees: Examining displacement, refugeehood and ‘bare life’
Authors: Paul Samanwita , Butola Balbir Singh
Published: July 2024

Based on Agamben’s assertions (1998) refugees are often compared to ‘bare life’ (homo sacer) without any political agency. They are considered to be outside the purview of national or international legal and yet at its mercy for survival. For refugee women, this stripping of their autonomy stereotypes them as reproductive vessels in need of chivalrous protection within the larger refugee discourse. Policy projects frequently regard them as ‘vulnerable populations’ in need of assistance. Given this theoretical framework, the present study contextualizes the life of Rohingya women prior to displacement and as refugees in India. It aims to assess the de jure and de facto rights of these women through the process of displacement. Moving beyond rigid assertions, this study postulates that refugeehood does not mean a complete absence of decision-making spaces for Rohingya women nor does it in any way mean a sudden disappearance of their sufferings. It focuses on their experiences as women and steers clear of homogenizing their narratives as refugees.
Pancreas-sparing tumor resection for peripancreatic paraganglioma: a case series of six patients
Authors: Sunakawa Taiki , Kobayashi Shin , Kudo Masashi , Sugimoto Motokazu , Kobayashi Tatsushi , Gotohda Naoto
Published: July 2024

Paragangliomas (PGLs) located around the pancreas are rare and challenging to diagnose preoperatively. Tumor resection with pancreatectomy is often performed for peripancreatic PGL. However, pancreas-sparing tumor resection can be indicated with an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Six patients with pathologically diagnosed peripancreatic PGL were included. The clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical records. Five of them were suspected of peripancreatic PGL on imaging studies due to the fat plane identified between the tumor and pancreas, and subsequently diagnosed with PGL preoperatively based on elevated urinary catecholamine levels and/or metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy without biopsy. All patients underwent pancreas-sparing tumor resection with negative surgical margins, and they did not develop postoperative complications related to potential damage to the pancreas. A fat plane between the tumor and pancreas on imaging studies and hormone levels are key findings for obtaining an accurate preoperative diagnosis of peripancreatic PGL, which can be managed with pancreas-sparing tumor resection.
GSearch: ultra-fast and scalable genome search by combining K-mer hashing with hierarchical navigable small world graphs
Authors: Zhao Jianshu , Both Jean Pierre , Rodriguez-R Luis M , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T
Published: July 2024

Genome search and/or classification typically involves finding the best-match database (reference) genomes and has become increasingly challenging due to the growing number of available database genomes and the fact that traditional methods do not scale well with large databases. By combining k-mer hashing-based probabilistic data structures (i.e. ProbMinHash, SuperMinHash, Densified MinHash and SetSketch) to estimate genomic distance, with a graph based nearest neighbor search algorithm (Hierarchical Navigable Small World Graphs, or HNSW), we created a new data structure and developed an associated computer program, GSearch, that is orders of magnitude faster than alternative tools while maintaining high accuracy and low memory usage. For example, GSearch can search 8000 query genomes against all available microbial or viral genomes for their best matches (n = ∼318 000 or ∼3 000 000, respectively) within a few minutes on a personal laptop, using ∼6 GB of memory (2.5 GB via SetSketch). Notably, GSearch has an O(log(N)) time complexity and will scale well with billions of genomes based on a database splitting strategy. Further, GSearch implements a three-step search strategy depending on the degree of novelty of the query genomes to maximize specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, GSearch solves a major bottleneck of microbiome studies that require genome search and/or classification.
Rapid functional activation of horizontally transferred eukaryotic intron-containing genes in the bacterial recipient
Authors: Yuan Wen , Yu Jing , Li Zhichao
Published: July 2024

Horizontal gene transfer has occurred across all domains of life and contributed substantially to the evolution of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Previous studies suggest that many horizontally transferred eukaryotic genes conferred selective advantages to bacterial recipients, but how these eukaryotic genes evolved into functional bacterial genes remained unclear, particularly how bacteria overcome the expressional barrier posed by eukaryotic introns. Here, we first confirmed that the presence of intron would inactivate the horizontally transferred gene in Escherichia coli even if this gene could be efficiently transcribed. Subsequent large-scale genetic screens for activation of gene function revealed that activation events could rapidly occur within several days of selective cultivation. Molecular analysis of activation events uncovered two distinct mechanisms how bacteria overcome the intron barrier: (i) intron was partially deleted and the resulting stop codon-removed mutation led to one intact foreign protein or (ii) intron was intactly retained but it mediated the translation initiation and the interaction of two split small proteins (derived from coding sequences up- and downstream of intron, respectively) to restore gene function. Our findings underscore the likelihood that horizontally transferred eukaryotic intron-containing genes could rapidly acquire functionality if they confer a selective advantage to the prokaryotic recipient.
A novel real-time model for predicting acute kidney injury in critically ill patients within 12 hours
Authors: Sun Tao , Yue Xiaofang , Chen Xiao , Huang Tiancha , Gu Shaojun , Chen Yibing , Yu Yang , Qian Fang , Han Chunmao , Pan Xuanliang , Lu Xiao , Li Libin , Ji Yun , Wu Kangsong , Li Hongfu , Zhang Gong , Li Xiang , Luo Jia , Huang Man , Cui Wei , Zhang Mao , Tao Zhihua
Published: July 2024

Background

A major challenge in the prevention and early treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) is the lack of high-performance predictors in critically ill patients. Therefore, we innovatively constructed U-AKIpredTM for predicting AKI in critically ill patients within 12 h of panel measurement.

Methods

The prospective cohort study included 680 patients in the training set and 249 patients in the validation set. After performing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 417 patients were enrolled in the training set and 164 patients were enrolled in the validation set. AKI was diagnosed by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.

Results

Twelve urinary kidney injury biomarkers (mALB, IgG, TRF, α1MG, NAG, NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, TIMP2, IGFBP7, CAF22, and IL-18) exhibited good predictive performance for AKI within 12 h in critically ill patients. U-AKIpredTM, combined with three crucial biomarkers (α1MG, L-FABP, and IGFBP7) by multivariate logistic regression analysis, exhibited better predictive performance for AKI in critically ill patients within 12 h than the other 12 kidney injury biomarkers. The area under the curve (AUC) of the U-AKIpredTM, as a predictor of AKI within 12 h, was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.771–0.833, P < .001) in the training set and 0.844 (95% CI: 0.792–0.896, P < .001) in the validation cohort. A nomogram based on the results of the training and validation sets of U-AKIpredTM was developed that showed optimal predictive performance for AKI. The fitting effect and prediction accuracy of U-AKIpredTM was evaluated by multiple statistical indicators. To provide a more flexible predictive tool, the dynamic nomogram (https://www.xsmartanalysis.com/model/U-AKIpredTM) was constructed using a web calculator. Decision curve analysis and a clinical impact curve were used to reveal that U-AKIpredTM with the three crucial biomarkers had a higher net benefit than these 12 kidney injury biomarkers, respectively. The net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index were used to improve the significant risk reclassification of AKI compared with the 12 kidney injury biomarkers. The predictive efficiency of U-AKIpredTM was better than the NephroCheck® when testing for AKI and severe AKI.

Conclusion

U-AKIpredTM is an excellent predictive model of AKI in critically ill patients within 12 h and would assist clinicians in identifying those at high risk of AKI.
Evaluation of Factors Predictive of Efficacy Among Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and/or Acute Pyelonephritis
Authors: Bhavnani Sujata M , Hammel Jeffrey P , Rubino Christopher M , Talley Angela K , Eckburg Paul B , Liolios Kathryn , Gupta Vipul K , Ambrose Paul G , Hamed Kamal A , Melnick David A
Published: July 2024

Background

Antibiotic treatment for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI)/acute pyelonephritis (AP) is often followed by recurrent bacteriuria in the absence of clinical symptoms. To understand factors predictive of clinical and microbiologic outcomes in patients with cUTI/AP, multivariable analyses were undertaken using pooled data from a global, phase 3 cUTI study.

Methods

Using data from 366 tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide– and 378 ertapenem-treated patients from the Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (SPR994) Compared to Intravenous Ertapenem in Participants With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP) infected with Enterobacterales uropathogens, multivariable analyses for dichotomous efficacy endpoints were performed using logistic regression and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships were evaluated.

Results

Urinary tract anatomical disorders and functional urinary tract or metabolic disorders were predictive of nonresponse across all efficacy endpoints assessed at test-of-cure (TOC) and late follow-up (LFU) visits, with greater impact on overall and microbiologic than clinical nonresponse. Independent variables predictive of increased probabilities of successful overall response at TOC and microbiologic response at TOC or LFU were baseline creatinine clearance >50 mL/min and baseline pathogen fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Infection with a phenotypic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–positive Enterobacterales pathogen was predictive of reduced probabilities of success for microbiologic response at LFU and clinical response at TOC. Meaningful relationships between efficacy endpoints and plasma pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices were not identified.

Conclusions

Reductions of overall and microbiologic response in patients with cUTI/AP were associated with anatomical or functional urinary tract disorders, but not with the magnitude or duration of plasma antibiotic exposure. Results of these analyses serve to advance our understanding of factors predictive of outcome in patients with cUTI/AP.
Global Epidemiology and Seasonality of Human Seasonal Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilson Rory , Kovacs Dory , Crosby Mairi , Ho Antonia
Published: July 2024

Background

We characterized the global epidemiology and seasonality of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1.

Methods

In this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and backward citations for studies published until 1 September 2023. We included studies with ≥12 months of consecutive data and tested for ≥1 HCoV species. Case reports, review articles, animal studies, studies focusing on SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and/or Middle East respiratory syndrome, and those including <100 cases were excluded. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. We reported the prevalence of all HCoVs and individual species. Seasonality was reported for studies that included ≥100 HCoVs annually. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022330902.

Results

A total of 201 studies (1 819 320 samples) from 68 countries were included. A high proportion were from China (19.4%; n = 39), whereas the Southern Hemisphere was underrepresented. Most were case series (77.1%, n = 155) with samples from secondary care (74.1%, n = 149). Seventeen (8.5%) studies included asymptomatic controls, whereas 76 (37.8%) reported results for all 4 HCoV species. Overall, OC43 was the most prevalent HCoV. Median test positivity of OC43 and NL63 was higher in children, and 229E and HKU1 in adults. Among 18 studies that described seasonality (17 from the Northern Hemisphere), circulation of all HCoVs mostly peaked during cold months.

Conclusions

In our comprehensive review, few studies reported the prevalence of individual HCoVs or seasonality. Further research on the burden and circulation of HCoVs is needed, particularly from Africa, South Asia, and Central/South America.
From Transmitting Authority to Quiet Adaptation: Social Change and the Translation of Islamic Knowledge in Norway
Authors: Elgvin Olav
Published: July 2024

This article explores the transmission of textual Islamic knowledge in Norway—a context in which Muslims form a religious minority—using a pioneering method: studying the translation of texts. Many Muslims in Norway either came from another country themselves or have progenitors who did. Important texts relating to Islam have mostly been available in languages other than Norwegian. This makes it possible to use translation as a lens for understanding how Islamic knowledge is transmitted. I identify two tendencies in the transmission of Islamic knowledge through translation. Translation often cements the status of established and canonized texts and authors. But translation activities also show an adaptation to norms in Norwegian society. Texts pertaining to politically charged issues have sometimes been avoided altogether, and the wording of charged sections has in some instances been subtly changed. I label this process quiet adaptation. Many of the translated texts espouse a normativity that is more palatable to Norwegian society at large, and which Muslims living in Norway can more easily identify with. I conclude by discussing how the study of translation can be used as a way to explore social change in Muslim and other diaspora groups in Europe.
Eminent Victorians
Authors: Strachey Lytton
Published: July 2024

Lytton Strachey’s biographical essays on four ‘eminent Victorians’ dropped a depth-charge on Victorian England when the book was published in 1918. It ushered in the modern biography and raised the genre to the level of high literary art. Lytton Strachey approached his subjects with scepticism rather than reverence, and his iconoclastic wit and engaging narratives thrilled as well as shocked his contemporaries. Debunking Church, Public School and Empire, his portraits of Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr Arnold of Rugby, and General Gordon of Khartoum changed perceptions of the Victorians for a generation.

This edition is unique in being fully annotated and in drawing on the full range of Strachey’s manuscript materials and literary remains.
I
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

‘Undine Spragg—how can you?’ her mother wailed, raising a prematurely-wrinkled hand heavy with rings to defend the note which a languid ‘bell-boy’ had just brought in.

But her defence was as feeble as her protest, and she continued to smile on her visitor...
V
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

She had looked down at them, enviously, from the balcony—she had looked up at them, reverentially, from the stalls; but now at last she was on a line with them, among them, she was part of the sacred semicircle whose privilege it is, between...
VIII
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

It was doubtless owing to Mrs Fairford’s foresight that such possibilities of tension were curtailed, after dinner, by her carrying off Ralph and his betrothed to the theatre.

Mr Dagonet, it was understood, always went to bed after an hour’s whist with his daughter; and...
IX
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

Undine, late the next day, waited alone under the leafless trellising of a wistaria arbour on the west side of the Central Park. She had put on her plainest dress, and wound a closely patterned veil over her least vivid hat; but even thus...
I
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

He could not think how he had come to be such a fool. He hoped to heaven no one had seen him. He supposed he must have been worrying about the unfinished piece of work at the office: where was it, by the way, he...
XXXIV
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

The means of raising the requisite amount of money became, during the next few weeks, the anxious theme of all Ralph’s thoughts. His lawyers’ enquiries soon brought the confirmation of Clare’s surmise, and it became clear that—for reasons swathed in all the ingenuities of...
XLII
Authors: Wharton Edith
Published: July 2024

Undine had gained her point, and the entresol of the Hôtel de Chelles reopened its doors for the season.

Hubert and his wife, in expectation of the birth of an heir, had withdrawn to the sumptuous château which General Arlington had hired for...
IV
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

With her anchor at the bow and clothed in canvas to her very trucks, my command seemed to stand as motionless as a model ship set on the gleams and shadows of polished marble.* It was impossible to distinguish land from water...
John Barleycorn
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

Published in 1913, this harrowing, autobiographical ‘A to Z’ of drinking shattered London’s reputation as a clean-living adventurer and massively successful author of such books as White Fang and The Call of the Wild.
Chapter II
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

AND, ere I begin, I must ask the reader to walk with me in all sympathy; and, since sympathy is merely understanding, begin by understanding me and whom and what I write about. In the first place, I am a seasoned drinker. I have no...
Chapter V
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

THIS physical loathing for alcohol I have never got over. But I have conquered it. To this day I re-conquer it every time I take a drink. The palate never ceases to rebel, and the palate can be trusted to know what is good for...
Chapter VIII
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

We met by appointment, early Monday morning, to complete the deal, in Johnny Heinhold’s ‘Last Chance’*—a saloon, of course, for the transactions of men. I paid the money over, received the bill of sale, and French Frank treated. This struck me as an...
Chapter XIV
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

BACK in Oakland from my wanderings, I returned to the water-front and renewed my comradeship with Nelson, who was now on shore all the time and living more madly than before. I, too, spent my time on shore with him, only occasionally going for cruises...
Chapter XXXIX
Authors: London Jack
Published: July 2024

OF course, no personal tale is complete without bringing the narrative of the person down to the last moment. But mine is no tale of a reformed drunkard. I was never a drunkard, and I have not reformed.

It chanced, some time ago, that I...
CHAPTER II
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The young man shut the door with a sharper slam than any visitor had used that afternoon, and walked up the street at a great pace, cutting the air with his walking-stick. He was glad to find himself outside that drawing-room, breathing raw fog,...
CHAPTER VIII
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

She took her letters up to her room with her, having persuaded her mother to go to bed directly Mr Hilbery left them, for so long as she sat in the same room as her mother, Mrs Hilbery might, at any moment, ask for...
CHAPTER XI
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

‘It’s life that matters, nothing but life—the process of discovering, the everlasting and perpetual process,’ said Katharine, as she passed under the archway, and so into the wide space of King’s Bench Walk, ‘not the discovery itself at all.’ She spoke the last...
CHAPTER XV
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The village of Disham lies somewhere on the rolling piece of cultivated ground in the neighbourhood of Lincoln, not so far inland but that a sound, bringing rumours of the sea, can be heard on summer nights or when the winter storms fling the...
CHAPTER XIX
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The afternoon was already growing dark when the two other wayfarers, Mary and Ralph Denham, came out on the high road beyond the outskirts of Lincoln. The high road, as they both felt, was better suited to this return journey than the open country,...
CHAPTER XXVII
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

London, in the first days of spring, has buds that open and flowers that suddenly shake their petals—white, purple, or crimson—in competition with the display in the garden beds, although these city flowers are merely so many doors flung wide in Bond Street and...
CHAPTER XXX
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The day was so different from other days to three people in the house that the common routine of household life—the maid waiting at table, Mrs Hilbery writing a letter, the clock striking, and the door opening, and all the other signs of long-established...
CHAPTER XXXIII
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Considering that Mr Hilbery lived in a house which was accurately numbered in order with its fellows, and that he filled up forms, paid rent, and had seven more years of tenancy to run, he had an excuse for laying down laws for the...
Chapter VII
Authors: Conrad Joseph
Published: July 2024

It was part of what Decoud would have called his sane materialism that he did not believe in the possibility of friendship existing between man and woman.

The one exception he allowed confirmed, he maintained, that absolute rule. Friendship was possible between brother and sister,...
The Decay of Essay-Writing
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The spread of education and the necessity which haunts us to impart what we have acquired have led, and will lead still further, to some startling results. We read of the over-burdened British Museum*—how even its appetite for printed matter flags, and...
Modern Fiction
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

In making any survey, even the freest and loosest, of modern fiction, it is difficult not to take it for granted that the modern practice of the art is somehow an improvement upon the old. With their simple tools and primitive materials, it might...
The Modern Essay
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

As Mr Rhys truly says, it is unnecessary to go profoundly into the history and origin of the essay—whether it derives from Socrates or Siranney the Persian—since, like all living things, its present is more important than its past.* Moreover, the family...
Character in Fiction
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

It seems to me possible, perhaps desirable, that I may be the only person in this room* who has committed the folly of writing, trying to write, or failing to write, a novel. And when I asked myself, as your invitation to...
On Being Ill
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Considering how common illness is, how tremendous the spiritual change that it brings, how astonishing, when the lights of health go down, the undiscovered countries that are then disclosed, what wastes and deserts of the soul a slight attack of influenza brings to view,...
The Feminine Note in Fiction
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

Mr
Courtney is certain that there is such a thing as the feminine note in fiction; he desires, moreover, to define its nature in the book before us,* though at the start he admits that the feminine and masculine points of view...
Women and Fiction
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

The title of this article can be read in two ways: it may allude to women and the fiction that they write, or to women and the fiction that is written about them. The ambiguity is intentional, for, in dealing with women as writers,...
Professions for Women
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

When your secretary invited me to come here, she told me that your Society* is concerned with the employment of women and she suggested that I might tell you something about my own professional experiences. It is true I am a woman;...
The Sun and the Fish
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

It is an amusing game especially for a dark winter’s morning. One says to the eye Athens; Segesta;* Queen Victoria; and one waits, as submissively as possible, to see what will happen next. And perhaps nothing happens, and perhaps a great many...
The Docks of London
Authors: Woolf Virginia
Published: July 2024

‘Whither, O splendid ship,’ the poet asked* as he lay on the shore and watched the great sailing ship pass away on the horizon. Perhaps, as he imagined, it was making for some port in the Pacific; but one day almost...
Tarr
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Tarr tells the blackly comic story of the lives and loves of two artists, played out against the backdrop of Paris before the start of the First World War - the English enfant terrible Frederick Tarr, and the middle-aged German Otto Kreisler, a failed painter who finds himself in a widening spiral of militaristic self-destruction. When both become interested in the same two women - Bertha Lunken, a conventional German, and Anastasya Vasek, the ultra-modern international devotee of ‘swagger sex’ - Wyndham Lewis sets the stage for a scathing satire of national and social pretensions, the fraught relationship between men and women, and the incompatibilities of art and life.

In his introduction and notes Scott W. Klein explores Lewis’s stylistic experimentation within the context of avant-garde movements in painting, and offers new insights into Tarr as a work of mordent wit and enduringly ferocious irony.
Chapter 5
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

But Herr Kreisler, on his side, had been only a few paces from his door when he caught sight of Bertha. As his changed route would necessitate a good deal of tiresome circling to bring him back practically to the spot from which he...
Chapter 7
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Anastasya had personally liked Kreisler. That was why the spectacle of Fräulein Lunken excusing herself, in the process putting Kreisler in a more unsatisfactory light, had annoyed her. But apart from that, Bertha’s undignified rigmarole after the Club dance had irritated her:...
Chapter 1
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Bertha was still being taken in carefully prepared doses of about an hour a day: from say half-past four to a quarter to six. Anyone else would have found this much Bertha insupportable under any conditions: only Tarr had been used to such far...
Chapter 2
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

On August the tenth Tarr had an appointment with Anastasya at his studio in Montmartre. They had arranged to dine at a restaurant with a terrace upon the rue de l’Obelisk. It was their tenth meeting. Tarr had just come from his daily cure....
Chapter 3
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

Tarr went slowly up the stairs feeling for his key. He arrived at the door without having found it. The door was ajar: at first this seemed quite natural to him and he continued the search for the key. Then suddenly he dropped that...
Chapter 5
Authors: Lewis Wyndham
Published: July 2024

When he got outside Bertha’s house, Bertha waving to him from the window with tears in her eyes, he came in for the counter-attack. One after the other the protesting masses of good sense rolled up. He picked his way out of...
Chapter XVI
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

The certainty that he was not going to be accepted by the McKelveys made Babbitt feel guilty and a little absurd. But he went more regularly to the Elks; at a Chamber of Commerce luncheon, he was oratorical regarding the wickedness of strikes;...
Chapter XIX
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

The Zenith Street Traction Company planned to build car-repair shops in the suburb of Dorchester, but when they came to buy the land they found it held, on options, by the Babbitt-Thompson Realty Company. The purchasing-agent, the first vice-president, and even the president...
Chapter XX
Authors: Lewis Sinclair
Published: July 2024

I

He sat smoking with the piano-salesman, clinging to the warm refuge of gossip, afraid to venture into thoughts of Paul. He was the more affable on the surface as secretly he became more apprehensive, felt more hollow. He was certain that Paul was...
At the Building of the Great Wall of China
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

The Great Wall of China has been completed at its northernmost point. The construction was extended from the south-east and the south-west and brought together here. This system of building it in sections was also followed on a small scale within the two great...
Selected Shorter Pieces
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

The Bridge

I was stiff and cold; I was a bridge; I lay across an abyss, the tips of my feet bedded in deep on this side, my hands on the far side; I had sunk my teeth fast in the crumbling clay....
The Stoker
Authors: Kafka Franz
Published: July 2024

As the seventeen-year-old * Karl Rossmann, who had been sent to America by his poor parents because a servant-girl had seduced him and had a child by him, entered New York harbour in the already slowing ship, he saw the statue of the...
The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge
Authors: Rilke Rainer Maria
Published: July 2024

The young Danish aristocrat Malte Laurids Brigge has been left rootless by the early death of his parents. Now living in Paris, Malte begins to record his life in a series of loosely connected notes, diary entries, prose poems, parables and stories, ostensibly collected by a fictional editor to form the Notebooks. Focusing on Malte's observations and experiences in the present, recollections of his childhood and family, and his reflections on historical events, these notes in highly crafted poetic prose explore the themes of life in the metropolis, poverty, sickness and death, love, memory and time, and perception and language.

The only extended prose work by the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke, The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge is a landmark in the development of the twentieth-century novel. It marks a radical departure from nineteenth-century realism, transcending conventions of linear narrative to reflect a consciousness in crisis, and an archetypal confrontation with the modern.
Foreword
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

In which the author of this strange tale tells the reader how he came to be absolutely convinced that there truly was a Phantom of the Opera

There truly was a Phantom of the Opera. He was not, as was long thought, a figment...
The New Marguerite
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

On the first landing, La Sorelli met the Count de Chagny coming up the stairs. The Count, normally so calm, seemed greatly excited.

‘I was on my way to call on you,’ said the Count, greeting her with consummate gallantry. ‘Ah! What an amazing evening!...
Forget the Name of the Man with the Voice
Authors: Leroux Gaston
Published: July 2024

The day after Christine vanished before Raoul’s very eyes in a sort of blinding flash which made him doubt the evidence of his senses, he called on Mme Valerius to see if there was any news. He walked into a charming domestic scene.

By the...