bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning from mistakes: the use of significant event audit in veterinary practice
Authors: Mosedale Pamela
Published: July 2018

All veterinary professionals should involve themselves in clinical governance. Clinical audit can be used to monitor the quality of care in a practice. Significant event audit is a qualitative form of clinical audit. It starts with a noblame meeting of the practice team; this looks at what happened, why it happened, what has been learned and what needs to change. The results can be that training needs are identified, protocols are changed or drawn up considering the evidence base, and further audits may be planned. Significant event audit is about improving systems, not about blaming individuals.
Resorptive lesions in cats: an update
Authors: Bloor Claire
Published: July 2018

Tooth resorption in feline patients is an enigma in veterinary practice as the aetiology remains unknown despite it being studied for a number of decades. Tooth resorption is however common within the feline population and can lead to a multitude of problems for patients including an inability to eat, and pain. This article aims to review what is known about the development of resorptive lesions in cats and provide an overview of current thinking regarding their treatment and ongoing management.
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome, the dummy foal: a patient care report
Authors: Feighery Samantha
Published: July 2018

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) is not completely understood, but is linked to variable degrees of hypoxia before or after parturition. This condition can be expected in any foal with a history of premature placental separation; delivery by Caesarean section; prolonged dystocia; premature delivery or foals that have been resuscitated for any reason. Recent studies have shown an association between NMS and a persistence of high concentrations of neurosteroid in the post-natal period. These neurosteroids are thought to be partly responsible for keeping the foal in a sleep like state of unconsciousness while in utero. It is thought that physical pressure on the foal while in the birth canal during a normal delivery signals to the foal to stop producing the sedative inducing neurosteroids, and causes the foal to ‘wake up’. This theory is supported by the fact that NMS appears more frequently in foals with abnormal births.

Nursing care in the treatment of the ‘dummy foal’ has an impact on the outcome of the patient. Managing and nursing a recumbent neonate is laborious, time consuming and personnel intensive, and requires proper facilities that can provide 24-hour nursing care.
Microchipping — value of a practice policy
Authors: Bourne Debra
Published: July 2018

National Microchipping Month is held in June each year; during this month veterinary professionals and pet owners are encouraged to think about the benefits of microchipping. By law all dogs over 8 weeks of age are required to be microchipped, and there are also benefits to other pets such as cats. Having a practice policy on microchipping could help to ensure that discussions about microchips become routine.
Isolated medial collateral ligament tears
Authors: Encinas-Ullán Carlos A. , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos
Published: July 2018

Tears of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) are the most common knee ligament injury. Incomplete tears (grade I, II) and isolated tears (grade III) of the MCL without valgus instability can be treated without surgery, with early functional rehabilitation. Failure of non-surgical treatment can result in debilitating, persistent medial instability, secondary dysfunction of the anterior cruciate ligament, weakness, and osteoarthritis. Reconstruction or repair of the MCL is a relatively uncommon procedure, as non-surgical treatment is often successful at returning patients to their prior level of function. Acute repair is indicated in isolated grade III tears with severe valgus alignment, MCL entrapment over pes anserinus, or intra-articular or bony avulsion. The indication for primary repair is based on the resulting quality of the native ligament and the time since the injury. Primary repair of the MCL is usually performed within 7 to 10 days after the injury. Augmentation repair for the superficial MCL (sMCL) is a surgical technique that can be used when the resulting quality of the native ligament makes primary repair impossible. Reconstruction is indicated when MCL injuries fail to heal in neutral or varus alignment. Reconstruction might be advisable to correct chronic instability. Chronic, medial-sided knee injuries with valgus misalignment should be treated with a two-stage approach. A distal femoral osteotomy should be performed first, followed by reconstruction of the medial knee structures.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:398-407. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170035
La investigación educativa hoy: en búsqueda de legitimación
Authors: Boarini María Gisella
Published: July 2018

La investigación educativa actual debe sortear serios conflictos epistemológicos que condicionan su desarrollo: inconmensurabilidad, dificultad de integración, relativismo, entre otros. Estas cuestiones tienen lugar debido a que dicha investigación ha justificado su campo y su práctica apoyándose en su misma historicidad. La presencia de estos problemas la ha impulsado a una tarea de búsqueda de legitimación; sin embargo, esta legitimación continúa fundándose en la historicidad de la investigación y de sus producciones. De este modo, se halla envuelta en un círculo del que no podrá salir a menos que la mirada de los investigadores comience a trascender el propio campo y su propia práctica.
Conceptions de la justice en éducation: construction d’un cadre d’analyse
Authors: Friant Nathanäel , Sánchez-Santamaría José
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se propone un marco de referencia para analizar las concepciones sobre la justicia en educación. Dicho marco puede ser muy útil para identificar aquellas concepciones sobre la justicia en los discursos, lo que da buena muestra de su interés heurístico. De este modo, se podrá producir una transferencia del diseño de entre distintos sistemas educativos y deducir consecuencias probables, o también para identificar en nombre de lo que la concepción de la política de educación de la justicia es criticado o defendido. Tras la presentación del respectivo trabajo de los dos autores de este artículo, basado en las teorías de la justicia, se discuten tres modelos de análisis de la equidad educativa: Demeuse y Baye (2005), Bolívar (2005) y Espinoza (2007). Finalmente proponemos un nuevo modelo para superar los puntos débiles identificados en modelos anteriores.
Bases epistemológicas y ontológicas
Authors: Gómez Redondo Susana , Coca Juan R.
Published: July 2018

Este artículo pretende tender puentes entre el empirismo didáctico y su reflexión teórica. Entendemos que la búsqueda de una ontología didáctica es fundamental para dotar al conocimiento didáctico de un fundamento epistémico. Por tanto, dicha tarea necesita de bases filosóficas que ayuden a comprender la educación desde perspectivas ontológicas. Con este fin, abordaremos la naturaleza como sustrato donde se conforman lo relacional y lo racional. Veremos cómo opera la racionalidad y la justificación a nivel individual (adjetivado) e intersubjetivo (compartido), para esbozar la idea de transsubjetividad como metaestructura racional vinculada a lo cultural y, por ende, a lo educativo. Finalmente, analizaremos cómo los elementos ontológicos naturales y racionales se conjugan con los procesos didácticos, para intentar una comprensión metadidáctica.
Educación informal, vida cotidiana y aprendizaje tácito
Authors: Rodríguez Illera José Luis
Published: July 2018

Este artículo propone una revisión del concepto de educación informal, conectándolo con los contextos de actividad y aprendizaje que se dan en la vida cotidiana, y con el tipo de cuestiones a explicar que no aparecen de manera clara en la educación formal. Estas incluyen, entre otras, predisposiciones para comportarse en situaciones sociales, formas y tipos de decisiones, pertenencia y participación en comunidades, evolución de la identidad personal.Se ha realizado una indagación bibliográfica y conceptual, en especial de autores que han explorado formas de aprendizaje poco consideradas en teoría de la educación, así como de los conceptos asociados de aprendizaje implícito, tácito, y de la idea de contextos de aprendizaje. Como resultado se propone una nueva clasificación de las formas de educación informal, así como las ventajas y problemas asociados a un enfoque basado en contextos de aprendizaje.
La pedagogía ligera en tiempos hipermodernos: el homeschooling, las escuelas Waldorf y la nueva pedagogía ignaciana
Authors: Igelmo-Zaldívar Jon , Quiroga Uceda Patricia
Published: July 2018

El conjunto de la obra de Gilles Lipovetsky es una referencia para el análisis de las sociedades hipermodernas. En su último libro, titulado De la ligereza (2016), el autor francés estudia del paradigma sobre el que se está constituyendo la civilización de lo ligero. Un planteamiento que posee implicaciones en el campo de la educación. En este artículo analizamos, en primer lugar, las posibilidades teóricas que la contraposición de lo ligero y lo pesado posee para la reflexión pedagógica. En segundo lugar, con el fin de ahondar en el análisis, nos centramos en el estudio de tres propuestas educativas que integran nociones centrales de lo que podría considerarse una pedagogía ligera y que están experimentando una creciente demanda de su propuesta educativa: a) homeschooling, unschooling y flexi-schooling, b) la pedagogía Waldorf y c) las escuelas jesuitas catalanas que participan del proyecto Horitzó 2020.
THIN NITRIDE LAYERS AS PERMEATION BARRIERS
Authors: Veverka Jakub , Matejicek Jiri , Lukac Frantisek , Pospisil David , Cvrcek Ladislav , Nemanic Vincenc
Published: July 2018

Permeation barriers represent one of the crucial fields in materials development for thermonuclear fusion. Primary objective of the barriers is to suppress the permeation of hydrogen isotopes (mainly tritium) from future thermonuclear fusion facilities. Secondary objective is to reduce hydrogen retention in structural materials, potentially also improving their corrosion resistance. Expected reactor conditions put high demands on the material, as well as on the final barrier quality. Key properties are tritium permeation reduction, absence of defects (especially cracks), high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance, and compatibility with structural materials (mostly ferritic-martensitic steels). Regarding industrial scale production, ability of the deposition method to coat large complex surfaces is desirable. Thin nitride layers, identified as promising permeation barriers, were prepared by diffusion-based nitridation and physical vapour deposition (PVD) and characterized.
Partnership Schemes - A Solution to Sustain Raw Materials of Plywoods in Lombok Island
Authors: SUSILOWATI Etty , AKBAR R. Maulana Aliif
Published: July 2018

The increasing number of community plantation forests in Indonesia, specializing in plywood, has improved the size of this market. Many companies succeed in this business, creating fierce competition for raw material supplies. Additionally, the Indonesian government has intensified the wood industry production in 2015 so that several fast growing and shortage timber species were introduced. However, this great opportunity is also faced with the challenge that timber exported overseas must be certified. The existence of middlemen in the business supply chain can potentially disrupt the business with unsustainable procedures and can harm the environment. In this study, we investigated the requirements of a partnership to establish a sustainable partnership with the local communities, to provide a sustainable environmental development in Lombok and to deliver profitable business prospects to the wood industries. This research focused on investigating Dharma Satya Nusantara Group (DSNG)’s challenge to obtain and to secure raw materials of wood to maintain and to sustain its future plywood manufacturing businesses. A qualitative method was employed by using snowball sampling of 17 individuals, including farmers, landowners, NGOs, middlemen, and logistic companies. Finally, a triangulation method was employed to analyze the data. Our findings proved that a mediator was needed to find mutual goals between private sectors in the local community. The mediator position should be neutral and prohibit from taking a side. DSNG as the buyer could utilize an expert practitioner that would act as a mediator to connect with the people, while the farmers would be supported by cooperation as their connector to DSNG. Finally, a collectivist culture, mutual trust, solidarity, teamwork, and education were essential factors for sustainable partnership.
Modern Approaches to Assess Tourism Industry - Related Environment
Authors: NIKAZACHENKO Alexey Leonidovich , YUDASHKINA Elena Evgen'evna , VLASOV Grigory Vladimirovich , NOVIKOVA Victoriya Valer'evna , LEBEDEV Kostyantyn Anatol'evich
Published: July 2018

This paper is devoted to the development of approaches to assess tourism industry-related environment. It is proved that the concept of sustainable tourism development arose as a response to the need to develop profitable industry in the context of limited available tourist resources. It is revealed that the lingering financial and economic crisis has led to a situation of essential reduction in amount of tourist business and significant loss of tourist potential of the country. The authors’ suggestions will allow improving and elevating the tourism industry to a totally new level in the national economy that includes social responsibility for the fulfillment of the mission to society, the integration of economic potential and abilities of the professionals involved in the tourism industry, as well as efficient use of resources in achieving set goals. The authors propose to establish the Association of Tourism Business Leaders of the Russian Federation and transform it into an institution, which would combine and implement the interests of its members.
Tourist Industry Development Prospects in Vladivostok under the Launch of “Primorye” Integrated Entertainment Zone
Authors: MARTYSHENKO Natalya
Published: July 2018

For recent years in Primorye (Russia) there has been a significant increase in the flow of inbound tourism. One of perspective trends in the tourism development is the direction related to development of the gambling zone in its territory. This article deals with the problem of the gambling business development as one of four gambling zones wherein this activity is permitted in territory of Russia - the integrated entertainment zone “Primorye”. It considers potential prospects and threats to create the gambling zone in Primorye, with evaluation of possible competitors and consumers for the newly created tourist product. With extension of benefits to conduct the business and due to adoption of the Federal law “On the free port Vladivostok” there are new opportunities to realize major projects of Primorye tourist complex. The work indicates the need to link the gambling business activity with the tourist complex in the region for the effect of synergy and development of the regional tourist infrastructure. Specific tourist objects are considered that can be used jointly with the gambling zone objects.
School-Aged Children's Cognitive Interdependence as a Prospective Link Between Their Depressive Symptoms and Physiological Stress Reactivity
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Pedroza Melissa , Gaskin Gerin E. , Smiley Patricia A. , Kernick Callison A. , Brachman Aurora , Mehl Matthias R.
Published: July 2018

Associations between children's depressive symptoms and physiological stress reactivity have been identified across many investigations. Similarly, a large body of literature explores the cognitive correlates of depressive symptomatology in childhood. To date, few studies conducted with children have integrated these approaches. In the present study, we examine a well-documented correlate of depression in adults; low cognitive interdependence (as measured via pronoun use, or we-ratio), in a child population. We explore the relation of low cognitive interdependence to children's concurrent depressive symptoms as well as their concurrent and later stress reactivity. At Time 1, we assessed school-aged children's (N = 60) depressive symptoms and children's we-ratio from an interview about their school experiences. Two weeks later (Time 2), children provided salivary cortisol samples before and after a stressor task. At Time 3 (1.5 years later), children provided cortisol samples before and after completing a different stressor task. Children's depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with lower we-ratio, which in turn was prospectively, but not concurrently, associated with higher cortisol reactivity, acting as an indirect effect between depression and later reactivity. These findings suggest that low levels of cognitive interdependence may be one mechanism by which children's depressive symptoms forecast heightened reactivity to stress.
Functional Recovery of a Locomotor Network after Injury: Plasticity beyond the Central Nervous System
Authors: Puhl Joshua G. , Bigelow Anthony W. , Rue Mara C. P. , Mesce Karen A.
Published: July 2018

Many animals depend on descending information from the brain for the initiation and proper execution of locomotion. Interestingly, after injury and the loss of such inputs, locomotor function can sometimes be regained without the regrowth of central connections. In the medicinal leech,Hirudo verbana, we have shown that crawling reemerges after removal of descending inputs. Here, we studied the mechanisms underlying this return of locomotion by asking if central pattern generators (CPGs) in crawl-recovered leeches are sufficient to produce crawl-specific intersegmental coordination. From recovered animals, we treated isolated chains of ganglia with dopamine to activate the crawl CPGs (one crawl CPG per ganglion) and observed fictive crawl-like bursting in the dorsal-longitudinal-excitor motoneuron (DE-3), an established crawl-monitor neuron. However, these preparations did not exhibit crawl-specific coordination across the CPGs. Although the crawl CPGs always generated bidirectional activation of adjacent CPGs, we never observed crawl-appropriate intersegmental phase delays. Because central circuits alone were unable to organize crawl-specific coordination, we tested the coordinating role of the peripheral nervous system. In transected leeches normally destined for recovery, we removed afferent information to the anterior-most (lead) ganglion located below the nerve-cord transection site. In these dually treated animals, overt crawling was greatly delayed or prevented. After filling the peripheral nerves with Neurobiotin tracer distal to the nerve-root lesion, we found a perfect correlation between regrowth of peripheral neuronal fibers and crawl recovery. Our study establishes that during recovery after injury, crawl-specific intersegmental coordination switches to a new dependence on afferent information.
Kisspeptin and the control of emotions, mood and reproductive behaviour
Authors: Mills Edouard G A , Dhillo Waljit S , Comninos Alexander N
Published: July 2018

Reproduction is fundamental for the survival of all species and requires meticulous synchronisation of a diverse complement of neural, endocrine and related behaviours. The reproductive hormone kisspeptin (encoded by the KISS1/Kiss1 gene) is now a well-established orchestrator of reproductive hormones, acting upstream of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the apex of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) reproductive axis. Beyond the hypothalamus, kisspeptin is also expressed in limbic and paralimbic brain regions, which are areas of the neurobiological network implicated in sexual and emotional behaviours. We are now forming a more comprehensive appreciation of extra-hypothalamic kisspeptin signalling and the complex role of kisspeptin as an upstream mediator of reproductive behaviours, including olfactory-driven partner preference, copulatory behaviour, audition, mood and emotion. An increasing body of research from zebrafish to humans has implicated kisspeptin in the integration of reproductive hormones with an overall positive influence on these reproductive behaviours. In this review, we critically appraise the current literature regarding kisspeptin and its control of reproductive behaviour. Collectively, these data significantly enhance our understanding of the integration of reproductive hormones and behaviour and provide the foundation for kisspeptin-based therapies to treat related disorders of body and mind.
Genomics-Assisted Identification and Characterization of the Genetic Variants Underlying Differential Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Allotetraploid Rapeseed Genotypes
Authors: Hua Ying-peng , Zhou Ting , Liao Qiong , Song Hai-xing , Guan Chun-yun , Zhang Zhen-hua
Published: July 2018

Nitrogen (N) is a non-mineral macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. Oilseed rape (AnAnCnCn, 2n = 4x = 38) has a high requirement for N nutrients whereas showing the lowest N use efficiency (NUE) among crops. The mechanisms underlying NUE regulation in Brassica napus remain unclear because of genome complexity. In this study, we performed high-depth and -coverage whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) of an N-efficient (higher NUE) genotype “XY15” and an N-inefficient (lower NUE) genotype “814” of rapeseed. More than 687 million 150-bp paired-end reads were generated, which provided about 93% coverage and 50× depth of the rapeseed genome. Applying stringent parameters, we identified a total of 1,449,157 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 335,228 InDels, 175,602 structure variations (SVs) and 86,280 copy number variations (CNVs) between the N-efficient and -inefficient genotypes. The largest proportion of various DNA polymorphisms occurred in the inter-genic regions. Unlike CNVs, the SNP/InDel and SV polymorphisms showed variation bias of the An and Cn subgenomes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed the genetic variants were mapped onto the genes involving N compound transport and ATPase complex metabolism, but not including N assimilation-related genes. On basis of identification of N-starvation responsive genes through high-throughput expression profiling, we also mapped these variants onto some key NUE-regulating genes, and validated their significantly differential expression between the N-efficient and -inefficient genotypes through qRT-PCR assays. Our data provide genome-wide high resolution DNA variants underlying NUE divergence in allotetraploid rapeseed genotypes, which would expedite the effective identification and functional validation of key NUE-regulating genes through genomics-assisted improvement of crop nutrient efficiency.
Genome-Wide Association and Regional Heritability Mapping of Plant Architecture, Lodging and Productivity inPhaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Resende Rafael T , de Resende Marcos Deon V , Azevedo Camila F , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano , Melo Leonardo C , Pereira Helton S , Souza Thiago Lívio P O , Valdisser Paula Arielle M R , Brondani Claudio , Vianello Rosana Pereira
Published: July 2018

The availability of high-density molecular markers in common bean has allowed to explore the genetic basis of important complex agronomic traits with increased resolution. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Regional Heritability Mapping (RHM) are two analytical approaches for the detection of genetic variants. We carried out GWAS and RHM for plant architecture, lodging and productivity across two important growing environments in Brazil in a germplasm of 188 common bean varieties using DArTseq genotyping strategies. The coefficient of determination of G × E interaction (c2int) was equal to 17, 21 and 41%, respectively for the traits architecture, lodging, and productivity. Trait heritabilities were estimated at 0.81 (architecture), 0.79 (lodging) and 0.43 (productivity), and total genomic heritability accounted for large proportions (72% to ≈100%) of trait heritability. At the same probability threshold, three marker–trait associations were detected using GWAS, while RHM detected eight QTL encompassing 145 markers along five chromosomes. The proportion of genomic heritability explained by RHM was considerably higher (35.48 to 58.02) than that explained by GWAS (28.39 to 30.37). In general, RHM accounted for larger fractions of the additive genetic variance being captured by markers effects inside the defined regions. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of the heritability is still missing (∼42% to ∼64%), probably due to LD between markers and genes and/or rare allele variants not sampled. RHM in autogamous species had the potential to identify larger-effect QTL combining allelic variants that could be effectively incorporated into whole-genome prediction models and tracked through breeding generations using marker-assisted selection.
The Fourier Transform of the Non-Trivial Zeros of the Zeta Function
Authors: Levente Csoka
Published: July 2018

The non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function and the prime numbers can be plotted by a modified von Mangoldt function. The series of non-trivial zeta zeros and prime numbers can be given explicitly by superposition of harmonic waves. The Fourier transform of the modified von Mangoldt functions shows interesting connections between the series. The Hilbert-Pólya conjecture predicts that the Riemann hypothesis is true, because the zeros of the zeta function correspond to eigen values of a positive operator and this idea encouraged to investigate the eigenvalues itself in a series. The Fourier transform computations is verifying the Riemann hypothesis and give evidence for additional conjecture that those zeros and prime numbers arranged in series that lie in the critical, 1/2. positive upper half plane and over the positive integers, respectively.
Comparison Among Monte Carlo Based Burnup Codes Applied to the GFR Demonstrator ALLEGRO
Authors: Davide Chersola  , Guglielmo Lomonaco  , Guido Mazzini
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to compare three Monte Carlo (MC) burnup based codes, i.e. MCNP6, Monteburns and Serpent on a future prototype reactor, named ALLEGRO, based on Gas cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) technology. GFR reactors are one of the proposed Generation-IV fast reactors; ALLEGRO facility is scheduled to be built in Europe as a GFR demonstrator, so its deepened simulation can help in its future development. The present study follows other researches already performed and aims to exhibit the different approaches in burnup calculations applied to a gas cooled fast reactors, i.e. this paper would like to show and to compare some results concerning nuclear parameters as keff and flux spectra, as well as the mass inventories versus burnup for some nuclides evaluated with different Monte Carlo codes. From obtained results, it seems to exist some differences in evaluation of nuclear parameters, mainly in effective multiplication factor and in mass inventories. The remaining differences are mainly related to calculation time: indeed between the fastest, that is SERPENT, and the slowest, that are MCNP6 and MONTEBURNS, the differences are about one order of magnitude. As far as precision is concerned, it was considered the standard only for effective multiplication factor and it seems that all codes are in good agreement.
Performance Analysis of Isopropanol-Acetone-Hydrogen Chemical Heat Pump
Authors: Pei Liu  , Jiwen Cen  , Yiwei Wang  , Fangming Jiang
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an experimental system of isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump (IAH CHP) for the recovery of low-grade (
Typical Features Contrast of Hot Water Flooding and Steam Flooding
Authors: LI Fang-Fang  , SHI Changlin  , Yao Weiying  , GAO Zhenglong  , WU Wei  , LIU Shanshan
Published: July 2018

Steam flooding and hot water flooding are the two main important thermal recovery methods for heavy oil reservoirs. Due to physicochemical properties difference of steam and hot water, the mechanism and production performance of hot water and steam flooding vary greatly. In this paper, steam and hot water flooding experiments under different temperature were conducted using Qi 40 heavy oil in Liaohe Oilfield in China to obtain typical features such as displacement efficiency, relative permeability, water cut and dimensionless productivity index of the two. The results show that steam and hot water flooding performance are quite different from each other under the same temperature. Compared with water flooding, displacement efficiency of steam flooding is 8.98%, 10.97% higher under 100℃ and 200℃ respectively, in addition, oil relative permeability is much higher and residual oil saturation is much lower at the same temperature. Water state and temperature are main reasons of displacement efficiency, relative permeability and productivity index difference; vapor state and higher temperature resulting in higher oil recovery, oil relative permeability and oil production index.
Research and Application of a New Method for Calculating Dynamic Reserves
Authors: Xiaoyan Yang  , Jianmin Zhang  , Hui Cai  , Yuejie Wang
Published: July 2018

Reserves are the basis of oilfield development, and determination of reserves accurately has great significance for future adjustment of oil fields development. Due to distinct characteristics of offshore oilfield development, it is difficult to obtain dynamic reserves accurately using conventional methods. To overcome the limitations of existing methods, in this paper, a new model for calculating dynamic reserves is established through theoretical derivation with innovative introduction of relative permeability ratio and the quadratic power function of water saturation based on Buckley-Leveret function and frontal movement equation. The result shows that this approach is simple to use and with good applicability, and only needs typical oil field dynamic data. The results of the study facilitates better recalculation of oil field reserves and implementation of oilfield adjustment well. More importantly, it has laid out a new methodology for increasing oil production and exploration in Bohai oil field and provided theoretical foundation for subsequent oilfields’ efficient development.
An Educational Intervention to Improve Inpatient Documentation of High-risk Diagnoses by Pediatric Residents
Authors: Kulkarni Deepa , Heath Jayme , Kosack Amanda , Jackson Nicholas J. , Crummey Audrey
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Diagnoses extracted from physician notes are used to calculate hospital quality metrics; failure to document high-risk diagnoses may lead to the appearance of worse-than-expected outcomes for complex patients. Academic hospitals often rely on documentation authored by trainees, yet residents receive little training in this regard. In this study, we evaluate inpatient pediatric resident notes to determine which high-risk diagnoses are commonly missed and assess the efficacy of a multitiered intervention to improve the documentation of these diagnoses.

METHODS:

In a baseline review of 220 charts, 13 frequently missed high-risk diagnoses were identified in 2013. Interventions began in 2014, including physician education and reference cards. The intervention also included note template prompts for 4 of the diagnoses. Using a standardized rubric, we reviewed charts for 3 years (2013, 2014, and 2015). The average within-disease probability of missed high-risk diagnoses was compared across time.

RESULTS:

There was a decrease in the probability of undocumented target high-risk diagnoses after the intervention (52% vs 36% in 2014 [odds ratio = 0.51; P < .001] and 37% in 2015 [odds ratio = 0.50; P < .001]). Documentation of diagnoses prompted by the note template was not significantly better than those targeted by the other interventions alone (P = .55).

CONCLUSIONS:

Pediatric residents were significantly less likely to omit a high-risk diagnosis in their notes after implementation of our documentation improvement program, suggesting that curriculum development is an effective method of improving documentation, with the goal of improving the accuracy of health systems performance indices.
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions
Authors: Colombo Jamie N. , McCulloch Michael A.
Published: July 2018

Acyanotic congenital heart diseases or left-to-right shunting lesions are the most common form of congenital heart disease. Although most resolve spontaneously, many will remain hemodynamically significant, particularly in the premature infant. Understanding the difference in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management between the term and preterm infant is imperative to minimize the risk of secondary organ dysfunction and ensure proper growth and development.
Myocardial Disorders in the Neonate
Authors: Bansal Manish
Published: July 2018

Myocardial disorders in the neonate could be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The neonatal myocardium is immature and undergoes several changes after birth. These include changes in the size of the myocardium, cellular transport of calcium, and utilization for fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Neonatal myocardium relies heavily on the heart rate to improve cardiac output. Myocardial disorders in the neonate can be classified as primary and secondary. Primary myocardial disorders have an inherent abnormality in the cardiac muscle and can be further subclassified based on the morphology and presentation. These include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Secondary myocardial disorders are usually caused by a systemic disorder that affects the cardiac muscle and function. These include inborn errors of metabolism, neuromuscular disorders, and mitochondrial disorders. The diagnosis and management of cardiomyopathy is very specific to the type of cardiomyopathy or underlying disorders. A team approach, including neonatology, genetics and metabolism, and cardiology and cardiac transplantation, is essential in managing these cases.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PROTEINS IN COOKED SAUSAGES WITH FOOD COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Fursik O. , Strashynskiy I. , Pasichny V. , Kochubei-Lytvynenko О.
Published: July 2018

. In the article, the data are given of research carried out in vitro to determine the amino acid composition and the degree of digestibility of the reference and experimental samples of cooked sausage, with the use of the protein-containing composition developed. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) has been calculated to clarify the assimilation of amino acids that enter the body as part of proteins in experimental cooked sausage samples.It has been established that replacing a part of the meat raw material with the protein-containing composition in the formula of cooked sausages does not affect significantly the amino acid composition of the finished product. The addition of mechanically deboned poultry meat reduces the amount of such essential amino acids as isoleucine by 68 %, compared with the control formula, leucine by 38 %, and valine by 48 %. At the same time, the content of lysine significantly increases by 1.5 times.  The in vitro index of digestibility for an experimental sample of cooked sausages with protein-containing composition at the pepsinolysis stage is slightly reduced compared with the reference sample (by an average of 7 %). At the second stage of hydrolysis (trypsin enzyme), this parameter does not differ from the reference one. During the two stages of hydrolysis, this parameter, with mechanically deboned poultry meat introduced, decreased by an average of 20 %, compared with the reference sample.Calculated PDCAAS has allowed establishing that the true efficiency of proteins in cooked sausages is different from the in vitro index of digestibility, which is due to the presence of limiting values of the essential amino acids content in the product.
Zmiany w systemie opłat ekologicznych w obszarze gospodarki wodnej w świetle nowego prawa wodnego
Authors: Małecki Piotr P. , Thier Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the general issue of charges and rising rates for water and an assessment of the economic and social consequences thereof following the enforcement of a new water law. The authors present the issue and the constituent parts of ecological charges related to water management. They then analyse the changes taking place within that system, which involve extending the range of charges, limitation of exemptions and liquidation of breaks as well as a dramatic increase in charges. The authors analyse and show the consequences of increasing charges for water in selected sectors of the economy, highlighting the bottling industry and individual households. They also signal the possible decreases in the charges for the use of water supply network in the selected gminas and the potential breaks in charges for the least advantaged members of the community.
Analiza poziomu infrastruktury sportowej w ujęciu lokalnym i regionalnym
Authors: Mamcarczyk Mariola
Published: July 2018

The article presents a method allowing a comparative analysis of the level of sport infrastructure in a cross-section of territorial units (voivodeships of Poland, and Wadowice, the county seat). Knowing the number of sports facilities in relation to the number of inhabitants enables communities to establish a policy for developing local sports infrastructure. Due to the availability of data, the analysis was possible only for the years 2010 and 2014. The data on sports facilities were provided by the Provincial Statistical Office in Krakow. The number of inhabitants per sports facility in all territorial units was examined.
Goal Reasoning: Foundations, Emerging Applications, and Prospects
Authors: Aha David W.
Published: July 2018

Goal reasoning has a bright future as a foundation for the research and development of intelligent agents. Goal reasoning is the study of agents that can deliberate on and self‐select their objectives, which is a desirable capability for some applications of deliberative autonomy. This capability is of interest to several AI subcommunities and applications. Our group has focused on how goal reasoning can assist with controlling autonomous systems. The importance of how agents reason about goals is growing and it merits increased attention, particularly from the perspective of research on AI safety. In this article, I introduce goal reasoning, briefly relate it to other AI topics, summarize some of our group's work on goal reasoning foundations and emerging applications, and describe some current and future research directions.
AI in Greece: The Case of Research on Linked Geospatial Data
Authors: Koubarakis Manolis , Vouros George , Chalkiadakis Georgios , Plagianakos Vassilis , Tjortjis Christos , Kavallieratou Ergina , Vrakas Dimitris , Mavridis Nikolaos , Petasis Georgios , Blekas Konstantinos , Krithara Anastasia
Published: July 2018

We survey the AI research carried out in Greece recently. We concentrate on the case of linked geospatial data, an area with significant practical importance, very interesting research results, and implemented systems developed by a Greek research team.
Helping civil engineers to realise the benefits of off-site construction
Authors: White Gavin , Mather Andrew
Published: July 2018

In 2019, UK government departments will favour bids for construction contracts that offer off-site manufacturing. Gavin White and Andrew Mather of Ramboll offer guidance to civil engineers on how to make projects ‘off-site ready’.
Civil engineers need to start gearing up now for an electric vehicle future
Authors: Evans Chris
Published: July 2018

Chris Evans of Rolton Group says civil engineers need a cohesive strategy to cope with the transport and energy infrastructure demands likely to result from a surge in electric vehicle use within the next 7 years.
Effects of crack status on stability of longitudinally coupled prefabricated track slab
Authors: Chen Zui , Liu Xueyi , Xiao Jieling , Li Wei , Zhao Chunguang
Published: July 2018

Through analysing the stress and deformation of a longitudinally coupled prefabricated track slab (LCPTS) with cracks at high temperature, an analysis model for the stability of LCPTS with cracks was established based on the finite-element method and was tested by a scale model on-site. The effects of crack status on the stability of track slabs under the action of a temperature rise were studied through simulations. The results showed that ∧-shaped cracks can make track slabs suffer an up-warp deformation with an angle at the apex, while ∨-shaped cracks will cause track slabs to have two peaks at both sides of the crack. Cracks of depth 15 cm are most likely to cause track slab up-warp. Oblique non-penetrating cracks with an angle less than 45° were found not to affect the vertical deformation, while penetrating cracks with an angle less than 35° did not lead to yielding of the reinforcing bars or affect the normal operation of track structures. For track slabs with a crack spacing of less than 5 m, the vertical displacement will be affected by adjacent cracks. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability of LCPTS at high temperature, the crack status should be closely monitored.
Approximation By Three-Dimensional q-Bernstein-Chlodowsky Polynomials
Authors: Gönül Bilgin Nazmiye , Çetinkaya Merve
Published: July 2018

In the present paper we introduce positive linear three-dimensional
Bernstein-Chlodowsky polynomials on a non-tetrahedron domain and we get their
q-analogue. We obtain aproximation properties for these positive linear operators
and their generalizations in this work. The rate of convergence of this operators
is calculated by means of the modulus of continuity.
South Africans offering Foreign Military Assistance Abroad: How real is the Risk of Domestic Prosecution?
Authors: Bosch Shannon Joy
Published: July 2018

This article discusses the efficacy of the existing Regulation of Foreign Military Assistance Act 15 of 1998, and the proposed Prohibition of Mercenary Activities and Regulation of Certain Activities in the Country of Armed Conflict Act 27 of 2006, in regulating the private security industry and prosecuting those in contravention of the legislation. It discusses the motivations behind recent attempts to deny the citizenship of South African nationals who had taken up employment abroad in the private security industry. The article gives some guidance regarding the likelihood of prosecution for the new school of South African fighters taking up arms for foreign causes like ISIS, the IDF, and Nigeria.
Justificatory Theories for Intellectual Property Viewed Through the Constitutional Prism
Authors: Du Bois Mikhalien
Published: July 2018

In order to determine the extent to which intellectual property rights should enjoy protection under the constitutional property clause, some of the classical and newer justificatory theories for property may be employed, including the labour theory, reward theory, incentive theory, theory of natural law, spiritual theories, personality theory, economic theory, and theory of natural monopoly. These theories must be applied in line with the Constitution, keeping in mind that other fundamental rights must be balanced with the protection afforded to intellectual property in order to ensure its continued production. It is also important that intellectual property statutes be developed to promote a thriving intellectual commons.
An Analysis of the Regulatory Environment Governing Hearsay Electronic Evidence in South Africa: Suggestions for Reform – Part One
Authors: Swales Lee
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this two-part article is to examine the regulatory environment governing hearsay electronic evidence – with a view to providing clear, practical suggestions for regulatory reform in the context of the South African Law Reform Commission's most recent Discussion Paper on electronic evidence.

Technology has become an indispensable part of modern life.Â  In particular, the internet has facilitated new forms of business enterprise, and shifted basic communication norms.Â  From a legal perspective, technology has presented several novel challenges for courts and practitioners to deal with – one of these key challenges relates to electronic evidence, and in particular, the application of the hearsay rule to the digital environment.

The South African Law Reform Commission has identified the application of the hearsay rule as one of the core concerns with regard to electronic evidence and certain academic analysis has revealed inefficiency with the current legal position which may involve multiple sources of law. Moreover, the Law Society of South Africa has stated that there is some confusion amongst members of the profession in relation to hearsay as it applies to electronic evidence.

With the pervasive and burgeoning nature of technology and the internet in mind, it is natural to assume that electronic evidence will be relevant in most forms of legal proceedings in the future, and hearsay electronic evidence in particular will play an increasingly important role in years to come.

Consequently, this two-part article will seek to summarise and comment on the proposed anomaly with regard to the key definition insofar as electronic evidence is concerned – data messages – and discuss how the proposed version of the Cybercrimes and Cybersecurity Bill (B6-2017), read together with Electronic Communications and Transactions Act No. 25 of 2002 (ECT Act) will leave South Africa with conflicting definitions of this term.Â 

Further, this article will analyse whether electronic evidence (data messages) can constitute hearsay within the meaning of section 3 of the Law of Evidence Amendment Act 45 of 1988; examine whether section 15 of the ECT Act should liberate electronic evidence from hearsay considerations; consider how real electronic evidence should be treated (as opposed to documentary hearsay evidence); consider the interaction of the statutory exceptions to the hearsay rule in the context of electronic evidence; analyse several analogous foreign jurisdictions – and consider how these jurisdictions treat hearsay electronic evidence; and finally, to conclude with several suggestions for law reform in the context of the SA Law Reform Commission Discussion Paper 131 Review of the Law of Evidence (2014).
Disposing of Bodies, Semantically: Notes on the Meaning of "Disposal" in S v Molefe
Authors: Carney Terrence R
Published: July 2018

In S v Molefe the presiding officer determines the meaning of the word "disposal" at the hand of two criteria, namely (1) visibility and (2) permanence; this means a body has to be permanently out of sight to be considered disposed of. He applies these two criteria in order to conclude if the accused is guilty of concealing the birth of her child by disposing of its body. In doing so, the court no longer interprets the word as an everyday word but turns it into a legal term. This note questions the linguistic soundness of the criteria by investigating how language structures space, and how these constructions relate to the word "disposal". In order to scrutinise the criteria, a text analysis was carried out by applying Talmy's ideas surrounding prepositions in structuring space and movement. Connected to this is the semantic difference between the words "seeing" and "looking": seeing is a sensory act, whereas looking is a cognitive one. In keeping with the contested word's status as a legal term, the difference between seeing and looking aids in formulating two new criteria. Courts may consider assessing whether disposal took place on the grounds of (a) containment and (b) movement; for instance, has the body been moved from one location to another and is the body being contained within another object like a bucket, a wooden box or a suitcase?