bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1:1 Co-crystals of sulfadimidine with three bipyridine-type molecules: Persistence of N–H…N hydrogen bonded supramolecular chains
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T. , Arman Hadi D. , Kaulgud Trupta
Published: May 2014

The crystal and molecular structures of 1:1 cocrystals formed between sulfadimidine and each of three bipyridine-type molecules, namely 4,4′-bipyridine (1), 4- [(E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl]pyridine (2) and 4-[2-(pyridin- 4-yl)ethyl]pyridine (3), are described; 1 and 2 were characterised as acetone hemi-solvates. A common feature of the sulfadimidine molecules is the adoption of a shape approximating the letter L. Conformational variability of sulfadimidine as well as in the bipyridine-type molecules is highlighted. The common feature of the crystal packing is the formation of non-linear supramolecular chains sustained by amino- and amide-H…N(pyridyl) hydrogen bonds
New findings on N-mayenite and a new kind of anion substituted mayenite: Ca12 Al14 O32(NO2)2
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Boysen Hans , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Lerch Martin
Published: May 2014

The framework structure of O-mayenite (Ca12 Al14 O33) allows the substitution of extra framework oxygen anions by various anions. In this study we present two new anion substituted phases. Oxidation of CN-mayenite leads to the formation of NO2-mayenite and, in addition, there are some hints to a very unusual species present in N-mayenite: the hydrazide anion.
Gut Vagal Afferents Differentially Modulate Innate Anxiety and Learned Fear
Authors: Klarer Melanie , Arnold Myrtha , Günther Lydia , Winter Christine , Langhans Wolfgang , Meyer Urs
Published: May 2014

Vagal afferents are an important neuronal component of the gut–brain axis allowing bottom-up information flow from the viscera to the CNS. In addition to its role in ingestive behavior, vagal afferent signaling has been implicated modulating mood and affect, including distinct forms of anxiety and fear. Here, we used a rat model of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA), the most complete and selective vagal deafferentation method existing to date, to study the consequences of complete disconnection of abdominal vagal afferents on innate anxiety, conditioned fear, and neurochemical parameters in the limbic system. We found that compared with Sham controls, SDA rats consistently displayed reduced innate anxiety-like behavior in three procedures commonly used in preclinical rodent models of anxiety, namely the elevated plus maze test, open field test, and food neophobia test. On the other hand, SDA rats exhibited increased expression of auditory-cued fear conditioning, which specifically emerged as attenuated extinction of conditioned fear during the tone re-exposure test. The behavioral manifestations in SDA rats were associated with region-dependent changes in noradrenaline and GABA levels in key areas of the limbic system, but not with functional alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal grand stress. Our study demonstrates that innate anxiety and learned fear are both subjected to visceral modulation through abdominal vagal afferents, possibly via changing limbic neurotransmitter systems. These data add further weight to theories emphasizing an important role of afferent visceral signals in the regulation of emotional behavior.
Synaptic Gain-of-Function Effects of Mutant Cav2.1 Channels in a Mouse Model of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Are Due to Increased Basal [Ca2+]i
Authors: Di Guilmi Mariano N. , Wang Tiantian , Inchauspe Carlota Gonzalez , Forsythe Ian D. , Ferrari Michel D. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M. , Borst J. Gerard G. , Uchitel Osvaldo D.
Published: May 2014

Specific missense mutations in theCACNA1Agene, which encodes a subunit of voltage-gated CaV2.1 channels, are associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), a rare monogenic subtype of common migraine with aura. We used transgenic knock-in (KI) mice harboring the human pathogenic FHM1 mutation S218L to study presynaptic Ca2+currents, EPSCs, andin vivoactivity at the calyx of Held synapse. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of presynaptic terminals from S218L KI mice showed a strong shift of the calcium currentI–Vcurve to more negative potentials, leading to an increase in basal [Ca2+]i, increased levels of spontaneous transmitter release, faster recovery from synaptic depression, and enhanced synaptic strength despite smaller action-potential-elicited Ca2+currents. The gain-of-function of transmitter release of the S218L mutant was reproducedin vivo, including evidence for an increased release probability, demonstrating its relevance for glutamatergic transmission. This synaptic phenotype may explain the misbalance between excitation and inhibition in neuronal circuits resulting in a persistent hyperexcitability state and other migraine-relevant mechanisms such as an increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression.
Involvement of BDNF Signaling Transmission from Basolateral Amygdala to Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex in Conditioned Taste Aversion Extinction
Authors: Xin Jian , Ma Ling , Zhang Tian-Yi , Yu Hui , Wang Yue , Kong Liang , Chen Zhe-Yu
Published: May 2014

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB), play a critical role in memory extinction. However, the detailed role of BDNF in memory extinction on the basis of neural circuit has not been fully understood. Here, we aim to investigate the role of BDNF signaling circuit in mediating conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory extinction of the rats. We found region-specific changes in BDNF gene expression during CTA extinction. CTA extinction led to increased BDNF gene expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL) but not in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) and hippocampus (HIP). Moreover, blocking BDNF signaling or exogenous microinjection of BDNF into the BLA or IL could disrupt or enhance CTA extinction, which suggested that BDNF signaling in the BLA and IL is necessary and sufficient for CTA extinction. Interestingly, we found that microinjection of BDNF-neutralizing antibody into the BLA could abolish the extinction training-induced BDNF mRNA level increase in the IL, but not vice versa, demonstrating that BDNF signaling is transmitted from the BLA to IL during extinction. Finally, the accelerated extinction learning by infusion of exogenous BDNF in the BLA could also be blocked by IL infusion of BDNF-neutralizing antibody rather than vice versa, indicating that the IL, but not BLA, is the primary action site of BDNF in CTA extinction. Together, these data suggest that BLA-IL circuit regulates CTA memory extinction by identifying BDNF as a key regulator.
Old Hispanic Chant and the Early History of Plainsong
Authors: Maloy Rebecca
Published: May 2014

Given the fragmentary evidence about the emergence of Western plainsong, scholars have not reached a consensus about how early liturgical chant was transformed into fully formed Medieval repertories. Proposed explanations have centered on the Roman liturgy and its two chant dialects, Gregorian and Old Roman. The Old Hispanic (or Mozarabic) chant can yield new insights into how and why the creators of early repertories selected and altered biblical texts, set them to specific kinds of music, and assigned them to festivals. I explore these questions from the perspective of the Old Hispanic sacrificia, or offertory chants. Specific traditions of Iberian biblical exegesis were central to the meaning and formation of these chants, guiding their compilers’ choice and alteration of biblical sources. Their textual characteristics and liturgical structure call for a reassessment of the theories that have been proposed about the origins of Roman chant. Although the sacrificia exhibit ample signs of liturgical planning, such as thematically proper chants with unique liturgical assignments, the processes that produced this repertory were both less linear and more varied than those envisaged for Roman chant. Finally, the sacrificia shed new light on the relationship between words and music in pre-Carolingian chant, showing that the cantors shaped the melodies according to textual syntax and meaning.
Becoming the “Black Swan” in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America:
Authors: Chybowski Julia J.
Published: May 2014

Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield was first in a lineage of African American women vocalists to earn national and international acclaim. Born into slavery in Mississippi, she grew up in Philadelphia and launched her first North American concert tour from upstate New York in 1851. Hailed as the “Black Swan” by newspapermen involved in her debut, the soubriquet prefigured a complicated reception of her musical performances. As an African American musician with slavery in her past, she sang what many Americans understood to be “white” music (opera arias, sentimental parlor song, ballads of British Isles, and hymns) from the stages graced by touring European prima donnas on other nights, with ability to sing in a low vocal range that some heard as more typical of men than women. As reviewers and audiences combined fragments of her biography with first-hand experiences of her concerts, they struggled to make the “Black Swan” sobriquet meaningful and the transgressions she represented understandable. Greenfield's musical performances, along with audience expectations and the processes of patronage, management, and newspaper discourse complicated perceived cultural boundaries of race, gender, and class. The implications of E. T. Greenfield's story for antebellum cultural politics and for later generations of singers are profound.
Gunther Schuller and the Challenge of Sonny Rollins:
Authors: Givan Benjamin
Published: May 2014

Scholarly opinion has for many years been divided over Gunther Schuller's landmark 1958 article, “Sonny Rollins and the Challenge of Thematic Improvisation.” Jazz theorists view the article's close analysis of Rollins's 1956 jazz saxophone improvisation “Blue 7” as one of their discipline's founding statements; historians and ethnomusicologists meanwhile tend to fault it for neglecting cultural context. In either instance the specific details of Schuller's analysis have been largely accepted as being internally consistent. The present study proposes that the analysis of jazz improvisation ought to engage more extensively with broader stylistic issues in addition to the specifics of isolated individual performances. Such a musically contextualized perspective reveals that Schuller's principal argument—that, in this particular improvisation, Rollins developed motivic elements of a composed theme—is false. “Blue 7” was in fact improvised in its entirety, and the melodic pattern that Schuller cited as a thematic motive was one of Rollins's habitual improvisational formulas, heard on many of the saxophonist's other 1950s recordings. This canonic recording, as well as the notion of Rollins as a “thematic” improviser, therefore needs to be reconsidered.
Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia in a patient with a malignant solitary fibrous tumor
Authors: Mohammedi Kamel , Abi Khalil Charbel , Olivier Sophie , Benabad Imane , Roussel Ronan , Marre Michel
Published: May 2014

Hypoglycemia is a common medical emergency. It is the most frequent complication induced by anti-diabetic treatment. However, it can be observed in other conditions unrelated to diabetes such as insulinoma, autoimmune disorders, and neoplasia. Herein, we report the case of a rare cause of severe and recurrent hypoglycemia in a 77-year-old woman with a malignant solitary fibrous tumor (MSFT). A 77-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department for loss of consciousness induced by severe hypoglycemia. Her standard laboratory findings were unremarkable. HbA1c, albumin, renal, liver, thyroid, and adrenal function tests were normal. Cerebral CT scan was also normal. At the time of confirmed hypoglycemia, the serum level of insulin and C-peptide was low. On the basis of the past medical history and the absence of other comment etiologies, a paraneoplastic cause was suspected. Thus, the diagnosis of a non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia (NICTH) was established by the presence of incompletely processed precursors of IGF2 (big IGF2) in plasma electrophoresis. However, the IGF1 level was low. Therapy with corticosteroids improved hypoglycemia and clinical symptoms. NICTH is a rare cause of hypoglycemia. It should be considered in patients with mesenchymal or malignant epithelial tumors suffering from recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. The diagnosis will be established in the case of low serum insulin concentrations and elevated levels of big IGF2. Treatment with corticosteroids, GH, or both can improve hypoglycemic symptoms and restore plasma glucose to normal levels.

Learning points

NICTH is a very rare condition that should be considered in patients known to have mesenchymal or malignant epithelial tumors and suffering from recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia.

The diagnosis of an NICTH is established on the basis of the hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia, the MSFT history, and the presence of paraneoplastic secretion of IGF1 or an immature form of IGF2.

Treatment with corticosteroids, GH, or both can improve hypoglycemic symptoms and restore plasma glucose to normal levels in NICTH.
Hidden depths: Tracing corporate ownership and its implications in the U.K. defence industry
Authors: Braddon Derek
Published: May 2014

Over the last 15 years, the ownership of U.K. and global defense companies has changed beyond recognition. A series of mergers, takeovers, strategic alliances and joint ventures in the defense industry, within and across geographic borders, has created a number of major defense systems providers, supported by a larger but again increasingly concentrated group of first-tier supply chain companies. The complex ownership matrix that emerges from this process of industrial restructuring is well-known although the implications for the industry and for corporate behavior have been less well explored. Furthermore, behind the scenes, an even more complex, almost invisible ownership revolution is taking place as the nature, origin, and power of global investors shows distinct signs of change. There has been little research into who actually owns the defense industry. The article sets out ask how that ownership is changing, and with what consequences. These issues are examined from the perspective of a sample of U.K. defense companies. The article also seeks to address the fundamental question: Does defense company ownership matter?
Revista, santuário e escola: a atuação dos saletinos na educação no Brasil
Authors: Leonardi Paula , Mazochi Letícia Aparecida
Published: May 2014

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que não é possível entender a atuação de uma congregação religiosa estrangeira na educação brasileira sem compreender sua criação, as motivações que a trouxeram ao País e os interesses envolvidos em sua instalação e em suas obras ao longo do tempo. Ao pesquisarmos a ação dos saletinos no Brasil, foi possível perceber esses processos extremamente imbricados em torno da construção de uma devoção "importada" da França para o Brasil. Assim, criaram primeiramente uma revista, empenharam-se na construção de santuários e fundaram escolas. Ao analisar a instituição da congregação na França, sua vinda para o Brasil e a revista O Mensageiro de Nossa Senhora da Salette, levantamos algumas questões para a compreensão do seu papel na educação e na sociedade brasileira.
A organização das mulheres extrativistas na região Sudoeste mato-grossense, Brasil
Authors: Mendes Maurício Ferreira , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Neves Ronaldo José , Silva Tânia Paula da
Published: May 2014

Culturalmente a região Sudoeste mato-grossense é diversa, podendo ser atribuída à existência de populações migrantes e às comunidades tradicionais. Objetivou-se discutir a organização das mulheres do campo na região Sudoeste mato-grossense, que obtêm sua remuneração e contribuem para o aumento da renda familiar através do extrativismo sustentável de frutos nativos do Cerrado (Savana). O delineamento utilizado foi o estudo de caso. Os recursos financeiros obtidos pelas mulheres são expressivos e têm contribuído de maneira significativa para a sobrevivência do grupo familiar, como também para o reconhecimento de sua força de trabalho e na conquista de cidadania. Entretanto, as políticas públicas precisam ser ajustadas de modo a valorizar o trabalho das mulheres para a produção e reprodução familiar no campo e sua contribuição social no desenvolvimento regional.
Políticas públicas de segurança para a população LGBT no Brasil
Authors: Mello Luiz , Avelar Rezende Bruno de , Brito Walderes
Published: May 2014

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma análise crítica de ações, planos e programas governamentais, no campo da segurança pública, voltados para a população LGBT, no Brasil. A despeito da identificação de muitas propostas e de algumas iniciativas em curso, parte delas elaborada em espaços de discussão pública envolvendo governo e sociedade civil, o balanço final aponta absoluto desequilíbrio entre a violência homofóbica e a atuação do governo brasileiro para mudar este quadro. Tal constatação auxilia na compreensão da desconfiança de pessoas LGBT em relação ao Estado e a suas/seus representantes, em vários âmbitos da vida social em que direitos civis lhes são negados, mas especialmente na esfera da segurança pública, em que o nexo entre questionamento da norma heterossexual e violência ainda é recorrente.
Microcell versus galvanic corrosion currents in carbonated concrete
Authors: Castel Arnaud , Nasser Abdelkader
Published: May 2014

This paper presents specific experiments developed to assess galvanic corrosion currents in carbonated concrete. The work investigated the influence of both the steel–concrete interface condition and the cathodic to anodic surface ratio. Galvanic corrosion currents were compared with microcell corrosion currents. In the quasi-saturated condition, galvanic corrosion currents were systematically found to be much higher than microcell corrosion currents. Moreover, the presence of defects at the interface between the anodic steel surface and concrete leads to a significant increase in the macrocell driving potential and, therefore, in the galvanic corrosion current. Furthermore, the galvanic current density strongly increased with increasing cathodic to anodic surface ratio. The coupling of a high cathodic to anodic surface ratio and the presence of steel–concrete interface defects at the anodic surface leads to huge galvanic corrosion current densities.
Wetting of selected fluorite surfaces by water
Authors: Zhang Xia , Wang Xuming , Miller Jan D.
Published: May 2014

The interfacial chemistry features, particularly the wetting characteristics of selected fluorite (CaF2) surfaces (111, 110 and 100 crystal surfaces), were examined under nonequilibrium conditions (unsaturated solution), in the absence of reagents, including water contact angle measurements and interfacial water structure. Of special interest was the examination of the effect of crystal surface structure on the wetting characteristics of interfacial water molecules at CaF2 surfaces. Different contact angles were found for the three CaF2 surfaces, which have been attributed to the differences in water interaction at these crystallographic surfaces. Specifically, the low-energy (111) surface of CaF2 (the cleavage plane) has a contact angle of ~20°, whereas the (100) and (110) surfaces are completely hydrophilic, with a zero contact angle in each case. Detailed analysis of interfacial water structure was conducted under nonequilibrium conditions in order to understand the wetting characteristics of water molecules at the molecular level using molecular dynamics simulation as well as sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. For equilibrium conditions, when water is saturated with calcium fluoride, it appears that recrystallization occurs and the low-energy (111) surface state exists at all surfaces as revealed from contact angle measurements.
A guide to Bayesian model selection for ecologists
Authors: Hooten M. B. , Hobbs N. T.
Published: May 2014

The steady upward trend in the use of model selection and Bayesian methods in ecological research has made it clear that both approaches to inference are important for modern analysis of models and data. However, in teaching Bayesian methods and in working with our research colleagues, we have noticed a general dissatisfaction with the available literature on Bayesian model selection and multimodel inference. Students and researchers new to Bayesian methods quickly find that the published advice on model selection is often preferential in its treatment of options for analysis, frequently advocating one particular method above others. The recent appearance of many articles and textbooks on Bayesian modeling has provided welcome background on relevant approaches to model selection in the Bayesian framework, but most of these are either very narrowly focused in scope or inaccessible to ecologists. Moreover, the methodological details of Bayesian model selection approaches are spread thinly throughout the literature, appearing in journals from many different fields. Our aim with this guide is to condense the large body of literature on Bayesian approaches to model selection and multimodel inference and present it specifically for quantitative ecologists as neutrally as possible. We also bring to light a few important and fundamental concepts relating directly to model selection that seem to have gone unnoticed in the ecological literature. Throughout, we provide only a minimal discussion of philosophy, preferring instead to examine the breadth of approaches as well as their practical advantages and disadvantages. This guide serves as a reference for ecologists using Bayesian methods, so that they can better understand their options and can make an informed choice that is best aligned with their goals for inference.
Physical Activity, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health in Students from Ethnic Minorities Attending Colleges in China
Authors: Li Yahong , Xu Zhipeng , Liu Shunzhong
Published: May 2014

We investigated the relationships among physical activity, self-esteem, and mental health in students at colleges in China who are from ethnic minorities. We administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-R
(SCL-90-R) to 849 participants. The results showed that total physical activity and moderate intensity activity had significant negative correlations with the respective SCL-90-R factor scores and significant positive correlations with self-esteem. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
showed that study stress was an independent risk factor for mental health, whereas high levels of physical activity and self-esteem were preventive factors. The results suggest that promoting physical activity in college students from ethnic minorities has the potential to increase self-esteem
and decrease the risk of mental disorders.
The performance of true seed shallot lines under different environments of Ethiopia
Authors: Shimeles Aklilu
Published: May 2014

Seven true seed shallot lines were evaluated for 3 years at 3 locations to
determine their performance and stability. Stability differences were
assessed on the basis of linear regression of the lines on environmental
index and on deviation from linear function along with the mean yield. The
combined analysis showed that bulb yield over 9 environments ranged from 15.1
to 17.5 t ha-1 with overall mean yield of 16.5 t ha-1, and lines Vethalam,
Tropix, Dz-94 and Athlas gave the highest mean yield. The combined analysis
of variance showed significant (p<0.05) genotype and genotype by environment
effects on bulb yield. The regression coefficient for bulb yield ranged from
0.72 to 1.36. The regression coefficient of two high yielding lines (Vethalam
and Athlas) was above 1, and was higher in environments where growing
conditions were favorable. High and significant deviations were obtained for
lines Tropix and Athlas and these lines were found unstable to change in
environment. However, line Tropix showed specific adaptation to low yielding
environments of Kulumsa and Melkassa. The best line Vethalam with a small
deviation from regression was found widely adaptable to different
environments and it was released with local name ?Yeras? to be grown in Rift
Valley and similar areas in Ethiopia.
Effect of land use change on the structure of Gleyic Fluvisols in western Serbia
Authors: Gajic Bosko , Kresovic Branka , Dragovic Snezana , Sredojevic Zorica , Dragovic Ranko
Published: May 2014

Changes in land use can significantly affect aggregate distribution and water
stability of structural aggregates. This study was conducted in the Kolubara
River Valley, Western Serbia, to determine the effects of land use changes on
composition and water stability of aggregates in humus horizons (0-30 cm) of
noncarbonated Gleyic Fluvisols. This study was conducted at nine sites, where
each site contained two adjacent land uses of natural grassland and arable
land which underwent crop rotation for >100 years. Soil samples were taken
from depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm for each land use. When the grassland
was converted into arable land, the content of the agronomically most
valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm) of cultivated soils for a depth of 0-30 cm
was significantly reduced by 22-40%, while the percentage of cloddy
aggregates (>10 mm) increased by 41-68%, compared to grassland. In addition,
the long-term arable soil had significantly (p<0.05) lower aggregate
stability, determined by wet sieving, than grassland. The lowest aggregate
stability was found in aggregates > 3 mm. Their content is ? 2.3 times lower
in arable soil (12.6%) than in grassland (28.6%) at a depth of 0-10 cm. In
addition, meanweight diameters of dry and wetstable aggregates and structure
coefficient showed significant differences between land use at a depth of
0-30 cm. The results showed that the conversion of natural grassland to
arable land in the lowland ecosystems of Western Serbia degraded aggregate
distribution and stability.
Associations between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Loneliness in Chinese Undergraduate Students: Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Social Support
Authors: Zou Jilin
Published: May 2014

Prior studies indicate that trait emotional intelligence (EI) is associated negatively with loneliness. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship are not clear. This study assessed whether both self-esteem and social support mediated the associations between trait EI and loneliness. 469 Chinese undergraduate participants whose age ranged from 18 to 23 years (208 women) were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires, including the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Analyses indicated that self-esteem and social support fully mediated the associations between trait EI and loneliness. Effect contrasts indicated that the specific indirect effect through social support was significantly greater than that through self-esteem. Moreover, a multiple-group analysis indicated that no path differed significantly by sex. These results suggest that social support is more important than self-esteem in the association between trait EI and loneliness. Furthermore, both sexes appear to share the same mechanism underlying this association.
Udp-Glycosyltransferases of Plant Hormones
Authors: Ostrowski Maciej , Jakubowska Anna
Published: May 2014

UDP-glycosyltransferases (GTases, UGT) catalyze the transfer of the sugar moiety from the uridine-diphosphate-activated monosaccharide (e.g. uridine-diphosphate-5’-glucose, UDPG) molecule to the specific acceptor. Glycosides contain aglycons attached by a β-glycosidic bond to C1 of the saccharide moiety. Glycosylation is one of the mechanisms maintaining cellular homeostasis through the regulation of the level, biological activity, and subcellular distribution of the glycosylated compounds. The glycosides play various functions in plant cells, such as high-energy donors, or signalling molecules, and are involved in biosynthesis of cell walls. Plant cells exhibit structural and functional diversity of UGT proteins. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains more than 100 genes encoding GTases, which belong to 91 families, and are deposited in the CAZY (Carbohydrate Active enzyme) database (www. cazy.org/GlycosylTransferases.html). The largest UGT1 class is divided into 14 subfamilies (A-N), and includes proteins containing highly conserved 44-amino acid PSPG (Plant Secondary Product Glycosyltransferase) motif at the C-terminus. The PSPG motif is involved in the binding of UDP-sugar donors to the enzyme. UGT1’s catalyze the biosynthesis of both ester-type and ether-type conjugates of plant hormones (phytohormones). Conjugation of the phytohormones is an important mechanism that regulates the concentration of physiological active hormone levels during growth and development of plants. Glycoconjugation of phytohormones is widespread in the plant kingdom and all known phytohormones are able to form these conjugates. Most plant hormone conjugates do not indicate physiological activity, but rather are involved in transport, storage and degradation of the phytohormones. UDPG-dependent glycosyltransferases possess high substrate specificity, even within a given class of phytohormones. In many cases, the phenotype of plants is strongly affected by loss-of-function mutations in UGT genes. In this paper, advances in the isolation and characterization of glycosyltransferases of all plant hormones: auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonates, and salicylate is described
Morphology, affinities and phytogeographic history of Porosia Hickey in the Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America and Asia
Authors: Manchester Steven R. , Kodrul Tatyana M.
Published: May 2014

Morphology and anatomy of the extinct angiosperm fruit, Porosia verrucosa (Lesqueruex) Hickey, are documented in detail based on various modes of preservation including molds, casts, and permineralizations from more than seventy localities in the late Cretaceous and Paleocene. The fruits are schizocarpic with paired unilocular, single-seeded mericarps seated on a prominent gynophore with an hypogynous perianth borne on a long pedicel. The most distinctive feature of these fruits is the regularly spaced cylindrical intrusions over the surface of the endocarp. These are interpreted to represent oil cavities similar to those common in the fruits of extant Rutaceae. The oldest known occurrences of P. verrucosa are from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian) of western North America, but the genus traversed Beringia and became widespread in the Paleocene both in Asia (Kazakhstan, Amur Region, and Koryak Highlands), and North America (Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, Alberta, Saskatchewan). It extended to the late Paleocene in the Rocky Mountain and Great Plains region, and appears to have become extinct near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary.
Rugosa (anthozoa) from the serpukhovian (lower carboniferous) of the upper silesian coal basin
Authors: Fedorowski Jerzy , Machłajewska Iwona
Published: May 2014

Two species, Antiphyllum sp. nov. 1 and Zaphrufimia sp. nov. 1, the first corals found in Štur horizon of the upper Malinowickie Beds, Upper Pendleian (E 1 ), are here described. Additional study of the subspecies of Zaprufimia disjuncta show them to be more similar than previously thought. Although they occur mainly in the Enna and Barbara horizons, one specimen of Z. d. serotina comes from the Gabriela horizon. Biozone Zaphrufimia disujncta disjuncta/Z .d .praematura is proposed for the Enna and Barbara horizons. The subzone of Zaphrufimia/ Triadufimia of that Biozone, defined by the presence of Triadufimia gen. nov., is restricted to the Enna horizon. As confirmed by the occurrence of Cravenoceratoides edalensis, the new subzone roughly corresponds to the E2b1 ammonite Zone. An Antiphyllum/Ostravaia/Variaxon assemblage Zone is proposed for the coral assemblage of the Gaebler horizon. Cravenoceratoides nitidus present in the Roemer band (I b ) shows it to correlate with the E2b2 ammonite Zone. Comparison with other European regions suggests possible faunal exchange between those areas and the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Serpukhovian time.
Petrological studies of neoproterozoic serpentinized ultramafics of the nubian shield: spinel compositions as evidence of the tectonic evolution of egyptian ophiolites
Authors: Azer Mokhles K.
Published: May 2014

The mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Gabal El-Degheimi area, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, are parts of an ophiolitic section. The ophiolitic rocks are dismembered and tectonically enclosed within, or thrust over, island arc assemblages. Serpentinites, altered slices of the upper mantle, represent a distinctive lithology of the dismembered ophiolites. Some portions of the serpentinized rocks contain fresh relicts of primary minerals such as chromian spinel and olivine. The abundance of bastite and mesh textures suggests harzburgite and dunite protoliths, respectively, for these serpentinites. Some fresh cores of chromian spinel are rimmed by ferritchromite and Cr-magnetite. The development of alteration rims around chromian spinel cores indicates their formation during prograde alteration and under oxidizing conditions during lower amphibolite facies metamorphism. Fresh chromian spinels are characterized by high contents of Cr2O3 (48.92-56.74 wt. %), Al2O3 (10.29-20.08wt. %), FeO (16.24-28.46 wt. %) and MgO (4.89-14.02 wt. %), and very low TiO2 contents (<0.16 wt. %). The analyzed fresh chromian spinels have high Cr# (0.62-0.79) characteristic of spinels in mantle peridotite that has undergone some degree of partial melting. The data presented here suggest that the mantle peridotites of the Gabal El-Degheimi area are similar to forearc peridotites of suprasubduction zone environments.
STRESS STATE ANALYSIS IN ASPECT OF WELLBORE DRILLING DIRECTION
Authors: Knez Dariusz
Published: May 2014

Drilling directional wells challenges designers. Apart from known problems until now they face exact description of stress distribution in near wellbore region issue. Paper presents analysis of stress state taking into account drilling direction. The transposed in-situ stress state relative to the borehole coordinate system (Cartesian borehole coordinate system) and the total stress component at the borehole wall (cylindrical coordinate system) exhibits cyclic behaviour with respect to drilling direction of borehole. It allows to find optimal wellbore path
DYNAMICS OF NON-UNIFORMITY LOADS OF AFC DRIVES
Authors: Dolipski Marian , Remiorz Eryk , Sobota Piotr
Published: May 2014

The length of armoured face conveyors currently used in hard coal mines most often ranges between 200 m and 300 m. The machines are equipped with a main and auxiliary drive. Asynchronous motors mounted in conveyor drives feature the capacity of several hundreds of kilowatts.

The non-uniform distribution of loads onto individual drives is observed in practice. The numerical value of loads distribution onto the individual armoured face conveyor drives is represented by a drive load distribution factor. It is defined as a ratio between the load of an electric motor installed in a given drive and the total conveyor load.

The article presents a physical armoured face conveyor model intended for examining dynamic phenomena influencing the load non-uniformity of drives. Motion in this physical model is described with the system of (4 · j + 5) non-linear ordinary differential quotations of the second order. A mathematical model is obtained by adding functions describing the interwork of sprocket drums with chains and functions approximating the mechanical characteristics of asynchronous motors powered by means of frequency inverters. A large number of computer simulations was performed using this model enabling to study the impact on the load non-uniformity of drives of such parameters as motor slip, motor supply voltage drop, variations in supply voltage frequency, differences in the gear ratio of transmissions and differentiation in the pitch of scraper chain links along the chain contour.
DISTURBANCES IN SELF-SYNCHRONISATION OF VIBRATORS IN VIBRATORY MACHINES
Authors: Michalczyk Jerzy , Cieplok Grzegorz
Published: May 2014

An influence of elastic support elements arrangements and ratios of elasticity and damping constants in vertical and horizontal direction on self-synchronisation accuracy was investigated in the paper. The obtained results of the other factors influence on disturbances in self-synchronisation of vibrators in vibratory machines are also presented. Especially, influence of a diversification of driving and anti-torque moments, not central direction of the resulting force of the vibrators set , the local flexibility of mounting of vibrators to the machine body and influence of collisions with a feed were described.
New approach to integrated data management in special materials processing
Authors: Gawlik Józef , Kiełbus Anna , Karpisz Dariusz
Published: May 2014

Development of high-precision products of difficult to process materials often requires use of unconventional techniques and manufacturing technologies. The studies are labor-and cost-consuming. Development of a database in which they are collected and available informations necessary for designers of machinery and process design engineers, process is a matter of considerable importance. This paper presents the principles of design and structure of the database DBSMP (DataBase Special Materials Processing) and its implementation to manufacturing.
Experimental investigations of normal deformation characteristics of foundation chocks used in the seating of heavy machines and devices part i. theoretical fundamentals and investigations of a steel chock
Authors: Grudziński Paweł , Konowalski Konrad
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a description and results of experimental studies of normal deformations occurring in foundation chocks made of steel and epoxy resin, used in the so-called rigid seatings (mountings) of heavy machines and devices on foundations. The studies carried out have shown that these kinds of seatings are not perfectly rigid. In both cases there are significant normal deformations which play an important role in the foundation bolted connections of machines and devices. These deformations should not be neglected in strength and dynamic analysis of these objects. Mechanisms and characteristics of the deformations occurring in the examined chocks made of steel and resin are different in terms of quality and quantity. These differences are important because they have a major impact on the technical and functional quality of the seating. The studies show that the foundation chocks cast of resin provide a better technical solution which ensures greater reliability and durability of the mounted objects. The entire elaboration consists of two parts, constituting separate publications. Part I describes first the technical and scientific aspects of the so-called rigid seatings (mountings) of machinery on foundations, and then the method and results of experimental studies carried out for a steel foundation chock, traditionally used for this purpose. Part II contains a description and results of similar studies carried out for a foundation chock cast of resin. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the test results of two chocks was made and demonstrated why the foundation chocks cast of resin fulfill their tasks better than the traditionally used metal chocks.
Effect of the Composition and Autoclave Sterilization of Diets for Laboratory Animals on Pellet Hardness and Growth Performance of Mice
Authors: Barszcz Marcin , Tuśnio Anna , Taciak Marcin , Paradziej-Łukowicz Jolanta , Molenda Marek , Morawski Andrzej
Published: May 2014

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of modifications of ingredient composition and autoclaving of feeds for laboratory animals on pellet hardness and growth performance of mice. Composition of two breeding diets, containing either casein or soybean meal as the main protein sources, was modified by a change of wheat to maize proportions, or by oil and/or fibre supplementation (in casein containing diets only). The diets were pelleted and autoclaved at 121°C for 20 min. Pellet hardness of nonautoclaved soya diets was smaller than of casein diets except for those supplemented with oil. Oil supplementation tended to reduce or reduced pellet hardness of nonautoclaved but not of autoclaved diets whereas change of cereal proportion and type of fibre had no effect. Autoclaving increased pellet hardness of all diets, cancelled softening effect of oil supplementation of nonautoclaved casein diets and reduced difference between casein and soya containing diets. Pellet hardness was correlated with fat, fibre, starch, ash and phosphorus content. In mice, total consumption of autoclaved diets was greater than of nonautoclaved diets. Body weight was not affected by diet whereas it was decreased by autoclaving only in the 3rd and 6th week of experiment, the differences being of a very small magnitude. Growth of male mice depended on nutrient content, especially fibre, ash, phosphorus and energy, whereas body weight of females was highly correlated with phosphorus content. The dependencies differed between weeks of experiment
Level of Fatty Acids, Selected Quality Traits of Longissimus Dorsi and Semimembranosus Muscles and Their Relationship with Fattening and Slaughter Performance in Polish Landrace Pigs
Authors: Żak Grzegorz , Pieszka Marek , Migdał Władysław
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the level of fatty acids and selected meat quality traits, as well as their association with fattening and slaughter performance in Polish Landrace pigs. The study was conducted for two muscles: musculus longissimus dorsi and musculus semimembranosus. The study used 100 Polish Landrace gilts. The experimental animals originated from nucleus farms located in Poland. Their parents were animals with a known status of the RYR 1 genotype (all animals were dominant homozygotes). Pigs were fattened, slaughtered and evaluated postmortem in piggeries of the Experimental Stations of the National Research Institute of Animal Production using test station procedures. After reaching 100 kg body weight, pigs were slaughtered and their half-carcasses dissected. Fattening and slaughter parameters were determined. Meat samples were analysed for crude fat using the Soxhlet method. The composition of higher fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography. Research results indicate that saturated fatty acids found in m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus were positively correlated to n-3 and n-6 PUFA . A similarly high correlation was observed between the level of UFA and n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the loin and ham. The fact that the proportions of some acids (e.g. n-6/n-3 PUFA ) fail to meet WHO standards requires making efforts to improve them. Likewise, selection work is necessary to improve IMF levels in meat. The low correlations between meat quality traits and fattening and slaughter performance suggest that quality parameters should be regarded as independent traits in pig improvement models. In order to limit meat quality traits in pig improvement models, it is necessary to make use of the correlations between them
Comparison of different polynomial functions in Random Regression Model for milk production traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Alijani Sadegh , Daghighkia Hossein
Published: May 2014

The aim of this research was to compare different polynomial functions including Legendre polynomials (LP), Wilmink (WRR) and Ali-Schaeffer (ARR) functions, in random regression model (RRM) for estimation of genetic parameters for milk production traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle. For this purpose the performance records obtained from test-day (TD) regarding milk yield, fat and protein contents of the cows calving for the first time were used. The numbers of records for the above mentioned traits were 701212, 657004, and 560775, respectively. These records were collected from the years 2006 to 2010 by the National Breeding Center of Iran. The genetic parameters were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method by applying RRM. Residual variances were considered homogeneous over the lactation period. To compare the model, different criteria (-2Logl, AIC, BIC and RV) were used for considered traits. Based on the results obtained, for all traits, RRM with LP function (2,5) were chosen as the best model. Considering residual variance (RV), LP (2,2) was proved to be a model which has the lowest performance, while using -2Logl, AIC, BIC criteria, RRM with ARR function was the worst model. According to the results, it is recommended to use LP with low orders for the additive genetic effects and with more orders for the permanent environment effects in the RRM for Iranian Holstein cattle. Permanent environment variance was higher in early lactation than during lactation and additive genetic variance in the early lactation was lower than at the end of lactation. Heritability range of milk yield, fat and protein contents was estimated to be from 0.08 to 0.23, 0.05 to 0.20 and 0.08 to 0.14, respectively. Phenotypic variance of the considered traits during lactation was not constant and it was higher at the beginning and the end of lactation. The additive genetic correlation between adjacent test days was higher than between distant test days.
The properties of fermented beef products ripened as entire primal cuts of m. semitendinosus, m. semimembranosus and mm. psoas major and minor
Authors: Węsierska Ewelina , Szołtysik Marek , Migdał Władysław
Published: May 2014

The physico-chemical, biochemical and microbiological changes in raw fermented beef products, manufactured from semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), psoas major and minor (PM) muscles during ripening were evaluated. The accumulation of free fatty acids (1550, 2660, 1850 mg/kg) and the increase of lactobacilli (about 0.2 log cfu/g) had an effect on the pH. The low pH (4.9) reduced the coagulase-negative cocci population (0.2 log cfu/g) and affected the free amine groups content (185.2 and 25 μM Gly/kg) in the PM with the lowest fat content (2.9%). At the end of the ripening process the ST contained a similar quantity of water, protein, fat and proteolysis products as the SM, however small peptides were generated in all products. The release of volatile compounds could be affected by the drying mainly due to the increase of fat (free fatty acid transformations) and activity of bacterial cells (amino acid transformations, fermentation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions). The results of a two-way analysis of variance for physico-chemical, biochemical and microbiological attributes showed that all the analysed factors significantly influenced the level of the evaluated variables in the ST, SM and PM products (P<0.01) excluding the type of product and its effect on the fat, ash, 2-phenylethylamine and putrescine content, pH and the coagulase-negative cocci count in the ST and SM. The interactions between the type of product and the ripening period were highly significant, with the exception of the yeasts and the LAB, existing in the external and internal layer of the products.