bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notas sobre la difusión en Portugal del Libellus de constructione octo partium orationis (Londres 1513) durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Ponce de León Romeo Rogelio
Published: August 2016

This paper studies the spreading in the Latin-Portuguese grammaticography of the Libellus de constructione octo partium orationis (London 1513), written by William Lily and revised by Erasmus of Rotterdam. First, the editorial history of the Libellus and its dissemination in Europe are summarily presented. The second part analyses the textual and doctrinal similarities between the syntax of Lily / Erasmus and the following grammars: The Institutiones, tum lucidae, tum compendiosae, latinarum literarum of Máximo de Sousa, the Institutiones grammaticae latinae of Nicolaus Clenardus, the Latinae grammatices compendium of Duarte Pinhel, the Grammaticae introductiones breuiores et lucidiores of Jerónimo Cardoso and the Grammatices duo compendia of Fernando Soares Homem.
Development of Hebrew derivational morphology from preschool to adolescence
Authors: Ben-Zvi Galit , Levie Ronit
Published: August 2016

Three main devices construct the content-word lexicon of Hebrew: (1) nonlinear affixation of root and pattern (e.g., adjective matok ‘sweet’ from the root m-t-q and pattern CaCoC);† (2) linear concatenation of stem plus suffix (the abstract noun metik-ut ‘sweet-ness’); and (3) reduplication (the adjective metaktak ‘sweetish’ with the reduplicative template C1eC2aC3C2aC3). The chapter delineates the emergence and consolidation of Hebrew derivational morphology from early childhood to adolescence, based on experimental and corpus-anchored studies targeting prototypical exemplars of these three devices. Findings reveal nonlinear formation as the basic, earliest-acquired structure of Hebrew content words. Linear concatenation emerges as a later device, adding more specific and semantically fine-grained lexical items. Reduplication, as a relatively marginal and less obligatory device, is mastered last. The picture that emerges situates morphology as a major typological factor organizing the lexicon and underlying word learning in Hebrew.
High-resolution phenotypic landscape of the RNA Polymerase II trigger loop
Authors: Qiu Chenxi , Erinne Olivia C. , Dave Jui , Cui Ping , Jin Huiyan , Muthukrishnan Nandhini , Tang Leung K. , Babu Sabareesh Ganesh , Lam Kenny C. , Vandeventer Paul J. , Strohner Ralf , Van den Brulle Jan , Sze Sing-Hoi , Kaplan Craig D.
Published: August 2016

The active site of multicellular RNA polymerases have a “trigger loop” (TL) that multitasks in substrate selection, catalysis, and translocation. To dissect theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRNA polymerase II TL at individual-residue resolution, we quantitatively phenotyped nearly all TL single variantsen masse. Three major mutant classes, revealed by phenotypes linked to transcription defects or various stresses, have distinct distributions among TL residues. We find that mutations disrupting an intra-TL hydrophobic pocket, proposed to provide a mechanism for substrate-triggered TL folding through destabilization of a catalytically inactive TL state, confer phenotypes consistent with pocket disruption and increased catalysis. Furthermore, allele-specific genetic interactions among TL and TL-proximal domain residues support the contribution of the funnel and bridge helices (BH) to TL dynamics. Our structural genetics approach incorporates structural and phenotypic data for high-resolution dissection of transcription mechanisms and their evolution, and is readily applicable to other essential yeast proteins.
OncoSimulR: genetic simulation of cancer progression with arbitrary epistasis and mutator genes
Authors: Diaz-Uriarte Ramon
Published: August 2016

OncoSimulR implements forward-in-time genetic simulations of diallelic loci in asexual populations with special focus on cancer progression. Fitness can be defined as an arbitrary function of genetic interactions between multiple genes or modules of genes, including epistasis, restrictions in the order of accumulation of mutations, and order effects. Mutation rates can be made to differ between genes, and can be affected by (anti)mutator genes. Also available are sampling from single or multiple simulations, including single-cell sampling, plotting the parent-child relationships of the clones and generating and plotting random fitness landscapes.

Availability and implementation

Implemented in R and C++, freely available from BioConductor for Linux, Mac, and Windows under the GNU GPL license. Version 2.3.12 or higher available from:http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/OncoSimulR.html. GitHub repository at:https://github.com/rdiaz02/OncoSimul.
The new neutron grating interferometer at the ANTARES beamline: design, principles and applications
Authors: Reimann Tommy , Mühlbauer Sebastian , Horisberger Michael , Betz Benedikt , Böni Peter , Schulz Michael
Published: August 2016

Neutron grating interferometry is an advanced method in neutron imaging that allows the simultaneous recording of the transmission, the differential phase and the dark-field image. The latter in particular has recently been the subject of much interest because of its unique contrast mechanism which marks ultra-small-angle neutron scattering within the sample. Hence, in neutron grating interferometry, an imaging contrast is generated by scattering of neutrons off micrometre-sized inhomogeneities. Although the scatterer cannot be resolved, it leads to a measurable local decoherence of the beam. Here, a report is given on the design considerations, principles and applications of a new neutron grating interferometer which has recently been implemented at the ANTARES beamline at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum. Its highly flexible design allows users to perform experiments such as directional and quantitative dark-field imaging which provide spatially resolved information on the anisotropy and shape of the microstructure of the sample. A comprehensive overview of the neutron grating interferometer principle is given, followed by theoretical considerations to optimize the setup performance for different applications. Furthermore, an extensive characterization of the setup is presented and its abilities are demonstrated using selected case studies: (i) dark-field imaging for material differentiation, (ii) directional dark-field imaging to mark and quantify micrometre anisotropies within the sample, and (iii) quantitative dark-field imaging, providing additional size information on the sample's microstructure by probing its autocorrelation function.
Mind games that create a well-focussed worker
Authors: Wheatcroft John
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Mindfulness is well-studied in many disciplines, but less so in management science. Little is known about its impacts on employees at work. This paper focuses on mindfulness at work, defined as a psychological state in which employees intentionally pay full attention to the present moment while executing job tasks.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers used a sample of 503 full-time employees, having earlier narrowed down the key items via questions put to business studies students who also work part-time.

Findings

Results suggested that mindfulness at work is an important antecedent to resource accrual, well-being and organizational attitudes. It also has an effect on the employee’s commitment and desire to stay with the organization.

Originality/value

Takes the concept of mindfulness into a new territory.
Stressing the importance of stress
Authors: Linacre Simon
Published: August 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings

What is the best antidote to stress? For those of us working in modern corporations, we see the impact of stress all too frequently. The CEO who ages before your eyes; the director who is over 60 years old and failing to keep pace with those 20 years younger; the over-reaching young executive sleeping too little and having much touch of caffeine and other stimulants. The result all too often is sub-optimal performance and eventual burnout – the exact opposite of what everyone involved would intend.

Practical implications

The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Extending the careers of older workers: the role of individual working agreements
Authors: Cole Graham
Published: August 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings

An ageing population is a characteristic shared by many developed economies. One obvious consequence of this trend is an increase in the number of older workers. Age equals knowledge, skills and experience. So, given the value of these qualities in the workplace, firms should continue to utilize what such individuals have to offer. Insightful organizations realize this and have begun to devise certain human resource practices with their more senior employees in mind. But results have been inconsistent thus far. This suggests that a different strategy is required. It is normal for people's needs to change as they get older. With age comes heterogeneity. Now this should be noted within the workplace as well as outside of it. In the light of such knowledge, perhaps a more targeted approach could be of greater benefit to senior members of staff.

Practical implications

The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Update on adult safeguarding
Authors: Penhale Bridget , Flynn Margaret
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide an update for readers on recent issues relating to adult safeguarding, together with signposting of papers in this issue of the journal.

Design/methodology/approach

– A review of recent media, news and policy related items was undertaken and key findings are reported.

Findings

– A range of findings and information pertinent to adult safeguarding is presented in the paper for readers to consider.

Practical implications

– Some of the issues and perspectives presented in the paper may be of relevance for professional practice and readers may wish to disseminate such aspects to colleagues in order to inform practice initiatives.

Originality/value

– The paper provides an update and overview of recent topics that are linked to adult safeguarding and protection and draws these together in an accessible format.
The business of saving lives in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) - a social imperative? Insights from “The Global Soap Project”
Authors: Madichie Nnamdi O.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Using a single case study of The Global Soap Project, a social enterprise founded by an African Immigrant resident in the USA, this study aims to explore and posit how lives could be saved in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially so in light of the Ebola pandemic ravaging swathes of West African communities.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative study interrogates both the identity of a diasporic social entrepreneur in an attempt to develop a framework that links this concept to community entrepreneurship using a single case study.

Findings

With hindsight, The Global Soap Project has much to offer in terms of “saving lives” in these communities, as the battle against the Ebola virus calls for containment measures.

Research limitations/implications

While arguably limited in terms of being a single case, this study furthers the understanding on the role of social entrepreneurship in complementing community efforts and coping strategies for tackling pandemics such as the Ebola virus.

Social implications

Evidently, while vaccines are being fast-tracked, the spread of the virus can be curtailed through personal hygiene, and the project illustrates how an individual social enterprise can be leveraged at the community level.

Originality/value

The study provides avenues for future research enquiry into how single cases might be transformed into multiple cases, both within and across sectors, for the benefit of humanity in general and affected communities in particular.
Informal and formal learning of general practitioners
Authors: Spaan Nadia Roos , Dekker Anne R.J. , van der Velden Alike W. , de Groot Esther
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of formal learning from a web-based training and informal (workplace) learning afterwards on the behaviour of general practitioners (GPs) with respect to prescription of antibiotics.

Design/methodology/approach

To obtain insight in various learning processes, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 GPs. These interviews were transcribed and analysed with a theory-based template, that had been defined beforehand, but with an open mind for emerging themes.

Findings

The web-based training was perceived by GPs to change their prescription behaviour, mostly as a result of informal learning processes. Being a research participant and being a supervisor appeared to create most opportunities for informal learning.

Practical implications

The current research shows that being a research participant and/or a supervisor enhance informal learning activities, for example, reflection and social interaction, and thereby formal training becomes more effective. It is recommended to remind GPs regularly to reflect on their prescribing behaviour and to stimulate them to reflect and seek social interaction besides participating in formal training.

Originality/value

Our study adds to the existing literature by considering informal learning processes in an evaluation of the perceived effects of formal training. Our findings have implications for the design and evaluation of formal trainings with the purpose of behavioural change of doctors.
Doing it together: a story from the co-production field
Authors: Kidd Jacquie , Edwards Gareth
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– Co-production in the context of mental health research has become something of a buzzword to indicate a project where mental health service users and academics are in a research partnership. The notion of partnership where one party has the weight of academic tradition on its side is a contestable one, so in this paper the authors “write to understand” (Richardson and St Pierre, 2005) as the purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences of working in a co-produced research project that investigated supported housing services for people with serious mental health problems.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors set out to trouble the notion of co-produced research though a painfully honest account of the project, while at the same time recognising it as an idea whose time has come and suggesting a framework to support its implementation.

Findings

– Co-production is a useful, albeit challenging, approach to research.

Originality/value

– This paper is particularly relevant to researchers who are endeavouring to produce work that challenges the status quo through giving voice to people who are frequently silenced by the research process.
Unearthing truths in duoethnographic method
Authors: Farquhar Sandy , Fitzpatrick Esther
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to engage with challenges the authors encountered in duoethnographic inquiry, including questions about what it means to tell the truth, and the decisions the authors made about what stories to include and exclude. The focus is on the ethical challenges involved in duoethnography and the ways in which the authors chose, and or felt compelled to, overcome them. The authors provide an argument for the need of intimate, eclectic and open-ended inquiry-based research that poses questions, challenges dominant discourses and promotes a compositional methodology in which to explore lived the experience of participants.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors’ own duoethnographic process, embedded in an anthropological hermeneutics (Ricoeur, 1991), within a mode of narrative inquiry, developed over a period of three to four months. The authors had a number of formal and informal conversations – some recorded and transcribed, others remembered and reflected on later in e-mails or in draft academic papers. The authors shared articles, e-mailed, conversed with family and examined photos. Reflecting on some of these conversations, the authors were sometimes uncomfortable with the way the stories they shared had the potential to expose aspects of themselves and those the authors are close to. The authors developed fictionalising techniques and poetry in order to tell these stories.

Findings

– Duoethnography engages with method that reveals truth as layered, contradictory and necessarily intersubjective. It is this tentative and contingent nature of truth that augers for a hyper-consciousness of the relationship between transgression and transformation. Using fictional ways of knowing: poetry, scripting and metaphor; and the usual technologies of research: anonymisation, de-identification; and drawing on notions of redaction and under erasure the authors found safe ways to represent particularly challenging issues. The process involved intimate revealing – small stories that the authors shared here to argue for the importance of the affective in transformative educational research.

Research limitations/implications

– The authors continue to work in uncomfortable places and suggest that ethics often involves irreconcilable and incommensurate discourses which cannot always be accounted for in normalised codes of ethics. The authors argue that this tension provides an important on-going ethical encounter where, as researchers, the authors continue to generate and implement creative and innovative methodologies.

Originality/value

– Throughout the paper the authors have suggested ways to challenge the linear, logical and the predictable as the authors wrestled with how personal narratives may reveal personal truth and transformation that may open ways for larger transformative actions.
Antecedents for successful collaboration in requirements engineering
Authors: Paavola Risto , Hallikainen Petri
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The main focus of the requirements engineering (RE) literature has been on the technical aspects related to the RE projects. Research has largely focused on the specific methods for collecting the requirements for an information system. Much less research has been conducted on the social and collaboration aspects of RE. To fill this gap, this paper aims to study the contribution of social factors, such as social ties, knowledge sharing and flexibility, for successful collaboration in RE teams.

Design/methodology/approach

The research followed the case study methodology. Data were collected from a successful RE and development project in a public sector company in Finland. The model for social collaboration by Kotlarsky and Oshri (2005) was applied as a starting point for analysis, but new concepts emerged during the coding process.

Findings

The results suggest that human-related aspects, such as flexibility, collective knowledge and transactive memory, were important for successful collaborative work in the RE team studied. The results show a clear connection between the collaboration factors in the RE process and the success of the end product.

Originality/value

The article fills a clear gap in the RE literature. It shows that human-related aspects are important in the RE process. This opens up new research avenues, such as investigating the effect of human-related factors on the whole lifecycle of a project.
Postpandemic Nightmare: A Framing Analysis of Authorities and Narcolepsy Victims in Swedish Press
Authors: Scott David , Enander Ann
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to explore the framing of victims and authorities in Swedish press during the narcolepsy crisis, occurring in the aftermath of the A(H1N1) vaccination campaign. Reporting from five major newspapers was analysed using an inductive and a deductive frame of analysis. The inductive analysis showed that the focus in the reporting on victims was their struggles in everyday life, coping with the disease, while the focus regarding authorities was on criticism and accountability. The deductive analysis revealed the use of a number of framing devices that reinforced the view of victims as vulnerable and authorities as deserving criticism. The underlying significance of the media portrayal and the implications from a crisis communication perspective are discussed.
Internal Control Deficiency Disclosures among Chinese Reverse Merger Firms
Authors: Mao Juan , Ettredge Michael
Published: August 2016

In recent years, financial reporting problems among Chinese reverse merger firms (CRMs), listed on US exchanges, have attracted unfavourable attention from regulators, investors, and the business press. Under the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), managers' Section 302 assessments of internal control over financial reporting are intended to provide investors with early warning about the likelihood of current and future non‐GAAP financial reporting problems. We investigate managers' propensity to issue unfavourable SOX 302 reports when internal control problems exist. We find that managers of CRMs have equal or greater propensity to issue adverse SOX 302 reports when serious internal control problems exist in the current quarter than those of control firms listed on US exchanges, including reverse merger and initial public offering (IPO) firms from the US and other countries as well as Chinese IPO firms. Furthermore, managers of CRMs also have an equal or greater propensity to issue adverse SOX 302 reports when internal control problems are not known to exist. One reasonable conclusion is that CRM firms tend to have weaker internal controls than comparison groups, and CRM firms are forthcoming in disclosing such weakness. Finally we analyze the specific nature of internal control deficiencies disclosed by each category of our sample firms.
Nodular hidradenoma arising on the site of a BCG scar
Authors: Bhullar Anisha , Lee Bang Rom , Shamsudin Norashikin
Published: August 2016

Hidradenomas are tumours that arise from the adnexal structures, both eccrine and apocrine and are histologically benign. The tumours that arise from eccrine differentiation are known as poroid hidradenomas and when they arise from the apocrine glands they are called nodular hidradenomas. In our centre a 13‐year‐old boy presented with a slow‐growing, painless erythematous fungating nodule on the left upper arm over a period of 18 months at the site of the BCG vaccination. The nodule was surgically excised and sent for histopathological examination, leading to a diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma. This case is presented to highlight its rarity, together with its clinical features that were suggestive of malignancy but proved ultimately to be benign.
APOBEC3B deletion impacts on susceptibility to acquire HIV‐1 and its advancement among individuals in western India
Authors: Singh HariOm , Marathe Shruti D. , Nain Sumitra , Nema Vijay , Ghate Manisha V. , Gangakhedkar Raman R.
Published: August 2016

APOBEC3B deletion polymorphism has been associated with risk of HIV‐1 acquisition and its progression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of APOBEC3B ins/del polymorphism with risk of acquisition of HIV‐1 and its progression. In the present case–control study, we enrolled a total of 150 HIV‐infected individuals and 150 healthy controls. Polymorphism for APOBEC3B gene was genotyped by PCR. APOBEC3B ID, DD genotypes, and D allele were associated with higher risk of acquisition of HIV‐1 (p = 0.004, OR = 4.96; p = 0.03, OR = 3.55; and p = 0.004; OR = 1.60). The individuals with ID genotypes and combined genotype ID+DD of APOBEC3B in the presence of tobacco and alcohol showed the higher risk of advancement of HIV disease; however, risk could not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.59–2.18; OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.83–2.15 and OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.77–2.69; OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.94–2.40). Individuals in advanced HIV disease stage and ID genotype and combined genotype ID + DD of APOBEC3B were more likely to be associated with advanced HIV disease stage but risk could not reach significant (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.94–2.40; OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.88–1.84). Individuals with ID and DD genotype of APOBEC3B had influence on susceptibility to acquisition of HIV‐1. This suggests that APOBEC3B deletion may attenuate innate cellular immunity against HIV‐1 and thus confer the host persistence for HIV infection.
Sperm, Clinics, and Parenthood
Authors: Brandt Reuven
Published: August 2016

In this article I examine a recent approach to regulating assisted reproduction, whereby use of some kind of medical intervention ‘triggers’ laws governing legal parenthood that are more favourable to intending parents and sperm providers. I argue that although perhaps an improvement on the previous legal framework, these laws are problematic for three important reasons. First, they are prone to violating parental rights and unjustly imposing substantial burdens on individuals. Second, they are discriminatory. Third, even if we take a pragmatic approach to the question of parenthood in these cases, these laws fail to properly consider the welfare interests of children. Finally, I conclude by showing that my argument does not entail adopting a laissez‐fair attitude to conception using third‐party sperm.
The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of the prostate specific membrane antigen/glutamate carboxypeptidase II (PSMA/GCPII) in cancer and neurological disease
Authors: Evans James C , Malhotra Meenakshi , Cryan John F , O'Driscoll Caitriona M
Published: August 2016

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) otherwise known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane bound protein that is highly expressed in prostate cancer and in the neovasculature of a wide variety of tumours including glioblastomas, breast and bladder cancers. This protein is also involved in a variety of neurological diseases including schizophrenia and ALS. In recent years, there has been a surge in the development of both diagnostics and therapeutics that take advantage of the expression and activity of PSMA/GCPII. These include gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the biological roles that PSMA/GCPII plays, both in normal and diseased tissues, and the current therapies exploiting its activity that are at the preclinical stage. We conclude by giving an expert opinion on the future direction of PSMA/GCPII based therapies and diagnostics and hurdles that need to be overcome to make them effective and viable.
Cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G quotient is predictive of unresponsiveness to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy for acute exacerbation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Okada Kazumasa
Published: August 2016

Oji et al. have reported that a high quotient of cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G might predict unresponsiveness to intravenous methylprednisolone and indicate the need for early introduction of plasmapheresis. The usefulness and problems regarding the quotient of cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G in clinical practice is discussed.
Role of AhR in positive regulation of cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Yin Jiuheng , Sheng Baifa , Qiu Yuan , Yang Kunqiu , Xiao Weidong , Yang Hua
Published: August 2016

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important nuclear transcription factor that is best known for mediating toxic responses by adjusting numbers of metabolism‐related enzymes, including CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Previous findings have revealed that, in addition to negatively regulating cell proliferation and survival, AhR may also positively regulate these pathways. Here, we review these findings and summarize distinct mechanisms by which AhR promotes cell proliferation and survival, including modulation of receptor expression, growth factor signalling and apoptosis, regulating the cell cycle and promoting cytokine expression. This review will aid better understanding the role of AhR in positive regulation of cell proliferation and survival.
PTH/SDF‐1α cotherapy promotes proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Du Lingqian , Feng Ruijuan , Ge Shaohua
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) plays an important role in tissue regeneration in various tissues including the periodontium. A potential limitation for its use derives from its sensitivity to cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduces enzymatic activity of DPP‐IV and is suggested to be a promising agent for periodontal tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into how SDF‐1α and intermittent PTH treatment might affect proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro.

Materials and methods

PDLSCs were isolated by the limiting dilution method. Surface markers were quantified by flow cytometry. Cell‐counting kit‐8 (CCK8), cell migration assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and RT‐PCR were used to determine viability, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.

Results

PDLSCs were positive for CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and STRO‐1 and negative for CD14, CD34 and CD45. PTH/SDF‐1α cotherapy significantly promoted cell proliferation, chemotactic capability, ALP activity and mineral deposition (P<.05). Gene expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) were all up‐regulated (P<.05).

Conclusions

PTH/SDF‐1α cotherapy promoted proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. Cotherapy seemed to have potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration by facilitating chemotaxis of PDLSCs to the injured site, followed by promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of these cells.
Understanding the role of the modality principle in multimedia learning environments
Authors: Oberfoell A. , Correia A.
Published: August 2016

The modality principle states that low‐experience learners more successfully understand information that uses narration rather than on‐screen text. This is due to the idea that on‐screen text may produce a cognitive overload if it is accompanied by other visual elements. Other studies provided additional data and support for the modality principle in multimedia learning environments. However, some recent studies began to show the modality principle's impact had certain parameters, and it was impacting various groups, conditions and environments differently. This study replicated Mayer and Moreno's studies on the modality principle (1998; 2006). Seventy‐nine college students attending a Midwestern University in the USA participated in this study in 2015.

The results of the study showed that the modality principle was not an effective strategy for the group of low‐experience content users. The results showed the retention and transfer of knowledge was not as effective for students who viewed the narrated PowerPoint presentation. In fact, students who viewed the PowerPoint presentation that only included the on‐screen text, had more effective retention and transfer of knowledge.

Lay description

What is currently known about the modality principle:

Learners are more successful with understanding information that uses narration than on‐screen text specifically low‐experience learners.

This is due to the idea that on‐screen text may produce a cognitive overload if it is accompanied by other visual elements.

What this study adds to this subject matter:

Carefully replicated Mayer and Moreno's studies on the modality principle with the intent to verify if the modality principle held with digital‐aged students.

Data collection took place in the participants' actual classroom (natural setting) in opposition to a lab‐like setting.

Implications of study findings for practitioners:

Results counter the original study's findings specifically for low‐experience learners, meaning on‐screen text was more effective for transfer and retention of knowledge when compared with printed text and narration.

When designing multimedia learning, instructional designers need to consider other elements (e.?g., presentation speed and learning times) that may be causing a change in the modality effect.
Challenging graduate nurses' transition: Care of the deteriorating patient
Authors: Della Ratta Carol
Published: August 2016

Aim and objective

To explore graduate nurses' experiences of caring for deteriorating patients during the first year of practice.

Background

Hospital‐based transition programmes have been established to ease graduate nurse transition. Despite this, novice nurses persistently cite caring for deteriorating patients as a clinical challenge. Few studies have explored the unique needs of novice nurses during such encounters, even less research has been undertaken from their perspective.

Design

Qualitative interpretive phenomenological analysis.

Method

One‐on‐one, semi‐structured, in‐depth, audio‐recorded interviews were conducted between July–November 2014. A purposive sample of eight novice nurses working in acute care, ICU and the ED was recruited through the use of flyers.

Results

Three major patterns with related themes illuminate the experience of caring for deteriorating patients as it is lived by graduate nurses. Dwelling with uncertainty occurred during initial encounters with deteriorating patients with its deeply felt impact upon these novices causing them to question their capability of becoming a nurse. ‘Success’ or ‘failure’ of their performance during these encounters extended to their view of themselves as nurses and impacted transition. Building me up was influenced by participants’ expressed need for and importance of trusted relationships with preceptors, nurse colleagues and/or educators as they learned to care for deteriorating patients. A new lifeline: Salient being emerged as change in participants’ identity and increased self‐understanding as professional nurses.

Conclusion

Caring for deteriorating patients impacted graduate nurses because they viewed such encounters to be ‘high stakes’ not only for their patient but also for themselves. Crucial to their development were trusted relationships with preceptors, nurse colleagues and/or educators.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings identify needs of graduate nurses' during a high‐stakes patient encounter and shed light upon one aspect of transition. Clinical leaders may use the findings from this study to improve preceptor development and transition programme curricula.
Effects of NSAIDs on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells
Authors: Hadjicharalambous Chrystalleni , Alexaki Vasileia Ismini , Alpantaki Kalliopi , Chatzinikolaidou Maria
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies, have been associated with impaired bone healing, possibly through inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. The adipose tissue (AT) is regarded as an attractive source of stromal cells for autologous cell transplantation in the bone. The effects of NSAIDs on human AT-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) are unknown.

Methods

We examined the effect of several NSAIDs including meloxicam, parecoxib, lornoxicam, diclofenac and paracetamol on the proliferation of hADSCs by means of the PrestoBlue® viability assay, and the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hADSCs by means of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition by alizarin red staining and osteogenic gene expression by semi-quantitative PCR.

Key findings

Most of the drugs enhanced hADSC cell growth, while either positively affecting or not influencing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and osteogenic gene expression. Moreover, selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs, such as meloxicam or parecoxib, were advantageous over the non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs lornoxicam and diclofenac.

Conclusions

Altogether through this study, we show that NSAIDs, possibly depending on their selectivity for COX inhibition, leave the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hADSCs unaltered or might even enhance it.
Protein intake for athletes and active adults: Current concepts and controversies
Authors: Egan B.
Published: August 2016

The demands of physical exertion mean that protein requirements for athletes and active adults are now accepted as being greater than sedentary populations and those described by population reference intakes of ~0.8 g protein per kg of body mass per day (g/kg/day). Recent scholarly reviews and the latest guidelines for nutrition and athletic performance from the American College of Sports Medicine suggest intakes ranging from 1.2‐2.0 g/kg/day whether performing aerobic or resistance exercise, with the higher range of intakes appropriate for the latter. Specific situations of hypoenergetic diet or injury likely require greater protein intakes in order to preserve lean body mass (LBM), which is often paramount in athletes. The optimal dose of protein per meal is 0.25–0.40 g/kg when aiming to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis, a marker of repair, growth and adaptation, but multifactorial interactions between protein source, meal timing and pattern of distribution, and macronutrient co‐ingestion around exercise influence recommendations on a meal‐by‐meal basis. Longer term studies are required to confirm the efficacy of these recommendations, which are primarily inferred from data from acute (<24 hours) studies. Notwithstanding the positive effects on LBM of higher protein intakes combined with exercise, it would be remiss not to consider potential adverse effects of long‐term high‐protein intakes, although these concerns are rather preliminary at present. Therefore, within the broad framework of recommended ranges and being cognisant of overall energy and other macronutrient intakes, a personalised and periodised approach to nutrition is required depending on an individual's sport, training volume, phase and goals.
Tracing the tissue of origin of plasma DNA—feasibility and implications
Authors: Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Lam Wai Kei Jacky
Published: August 2016

Scientists have been exploring cell‐free DNA in plasma for a wider clinical application in addition to noninvasive prenatal testing. Tracing the tissue of origin of plasma DNA is the next important step. In this perspective, we discuss different approaches recently reported for tracing the tissue of origin of plasma DNA and the implications.
Measuring multi‐level regulatory governance: Organizational proliferation, coordination, and concentration of influence
Authors: Mathieu Emmanuelle , Verhoest Koen , Matthys Joery
Published: August 2016

As regulation increasingly results from the interplay of a wide array of different actors operating at different levels, it has become crucial to focus on how these constellations of regulatory actors operate. Although this research field presents huge potential for theoretical development, we still lack the measurement techniques to allow systematic comparative research. We contribute to filling this gap with four indices measuring crucial characteristics of multi‐actor regulatory arrangements: (i) the scope of organizational proliferation; (ii) the extent of coordination between regulatory actors; (iii) the amount of influence that each individual regulatory actor has on the sector regulation; and (iv) the extent to which the regulatory influence is concentrated in the hands of one or a few actors. We argue that our indices are sufficiently systematic, reliable, and flexible to be applied in a variety of research contexts relating to multi‐level and multi‐actor regulatory governance.
A task-based analytical framework for ultrasonic beamformer comparison
Authors: Nguyen Nghia Q. , Prager Richard W. , Insana Michael F.
Published: August 2016

A task-based approach is employed to develop an analytical framework for ultrasound beamformer design and evaluation. In this approach, a Bayesian ideal-observer provides an idealized starting point and a way to measure information loss in practical beamformer designs. Different approximations of this ideal strategy are shown to lead to popular beamformers in the literature, including the matched filter, minimum variance (MV), and Wiener filter (WF) beamformers. Analysis of the approximations indicates that the WF beamformer should outperform the MV approach, especially in low echo signal-to-noise conditions. The beamformers are applied to five typical tasks from the BIRADS lexicon. Their performance is evaluated based on ability to discriminate idealized malignant and benign features. The numerical results show the advantages of the WF over the MV technique in general; although performance varies predictably in some contrast-limited tasks because of the model modifications required for the MV algorithm to avoid ill-conditioning.
Isolated prehospital hypotension correlates with injury severity and outcomes in patients with trauma
Authors: Damme Clayton D , Luo Jiangtao , Buesing Keely L
Published: August 2016

Objective

Patients normotensive in the trauma bay despite documented prehospital hypotension may not be recognized as significantly injured. The purpose of this study was to determine whether isolated prehospital hypotension portends poor outcomes and correlates with injury severity.

Methods

Prospective cohort study conducted at a level 1 university trauma center. The lowest recorded prehospital systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the first recorded SBP on hospital arrival were used to divide patients into either the normotensive (NP) or hypotensive (HP) group. Patients who failed to achieve normotension on hospital arrival were excluded. Hypotension was defined as SBP≤110 mmHg.

Results

Compared to NP (n=206), HP (n=81) had lower Glasgow Coma Scores both prehospital (12.81±0.44 vs 14.38±0.13) and at hospital admission (12.78±0.47 vs 14.37±0.14). Injury Severity Score positively correlated with prehospital hypotension (HP 12.27±1.12 vs NP 9.22±0.49). Prehospital hypotension positively correlated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (HP 56.79% vs NP 22.82%), ICU length of stay (LOS) (HP 3.23±0.71 vs NP 0.71±0.17), hospital LOS (HP 8.58±1.39 vs NP 4.86±0.33), ventilator days (HP 3.38±1.20 vs NP 0.27±0.08 days), and repeat hypotensive episodes during their hospital stay (HP 81.71% vs NP 38.16%). HP also required more packed red blood cells in the first 24 hours after admission (22% vs 6%). Significance was set at p<0.05.

Conclusions

Isolated prehospital hypotension in patients in the trauma and emergency department correlates with increased injury severity and portends worse outcomes despite a normal blood pressure reading at admission. Prehospital hypotension must be given heavy consideration in triage, as these patients may be transiently hypotensive and appear less critical than their true status.

Level of Evidence

Level II, Prognostic study.
Numerical parametric study of tunneling-induced joint rotation angle in jointed pipelines
Authors: Shi Jiangwei , Wang Yu , Ng Charles W.W.
Published: August 2016

Pipeline–tunnel interaction has attracted increasing research attention recently. Previous studies focused mainly on tunneling-induced deformation in continuous pipelines. In this paper, an extensive numerical parametric study is conducted to investigate the response of jointed pipelines (where joints are simulated as hinges) to tunnel excavation. Prior to the numerical parametric study, the numerical model was verified by centrifuge test results. Parameters considered include ground settlement profile, pipe dimensions, pipe segment length, and soil properties. The maximum and minimum joint rotation angles occur when the tunnel centerline is located directly beneath a joint and a pipe segment center, respectively. When pipe segments are relatively flexible, the joint rotation angle increases rapidly as pipe segment flexural stiffness increases. In contrast, negligible changes are observed in the joint rotation angle for relatively stiff pipe segments when pipe segment flexural stiffness changes. A dimensionless parameter, called relative pipe segment–soil stiffness, is defined to differentiate the response of flexible and stiff jointed pipelines. The relative pipe–soil stiffness and normalized pipe segment length are adopted to predict jointed rotation angles for relatively flexible and stiff pipelines, respectively. Dimensionless plots are developed for directly estimating upper and lower bounds on joint rotation angles due to tunneling.
A Jacobian generalization of the pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson potential
Authors: Hipólito-Ricaldi W. S. , Villanueva J. R.
Published: August 2016

We enlarge the classes of inflaton and quintessence fields by generalizing the pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson potential by means of elliptic Jacobian functions, which are characterized by a parameter [Formula: see text]. We use such a generalization to implement an inflationary era and a late acceleration of the universe. As an inflationary model, the Jacobian generalization leads us to a number of e-foldings and a primordial spectrum of perturbations compatible with the Planck Collaboration 2015. As a quintessence model, a study of the evolution of its equation-of-state (EoS) and its [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane helps us to classify it as a thawing model. This allows us to consider analytical approximations for the EoS recently discovered for thawing quintessence. By using JLA supernovae Ia and Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] data sets, we perform an observational analysis of the viability of the model as quintessence.
The electromagnetic signature of gravitational wave interaction with the quantum vacuum
Authors: Marongwe Stuart
Published: August 2016

An analysis of the effects of the passage of a gravitational wave (GW) on the quantum vacuum is made within the context of the Nexus paradigm of quantum gravity. Results indicate that if the quantum vacuum includes electrically charged virtual particle fields, then a GW will induce vacuum polarization. The equations of General Relativity (GR) are then reformulated to include electric charge displacements in the quantum vacuum imposed by an anisotropic stress — momentum tensor. It is then demonstrated that as a result of the spacetime piezoelectric effect, a gravitational wave is associated with a rotating electromagnetic wave and that the converse effect produced by strong electromagnetic fields is responsible for the generation of relativistic jets and gamma ray bursts. Objects with strong electromagnetic fields will apparently violate the strong equivalence principle.