bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production, separation, and antimicrobial activity assessment of pristinamycin produced using date fruit extract as substrate
Authors: Hamad Siddig H. , Aleid Salah M. , Elgorashe Rafe E. , Babker Mohammed Y.
Published: May 2024

Date fruits extract was assessed as substrate for pristinamycin production in shake flasks using Streptomyces pristinaespiralis DSMZ 40338 as production organism. A process of microfiltration, concentration, and solvent extraction was used to recover the antibiotic from the fermentation broth and its antimicrobial activity was tested using a well assay method. During a fermentation period of 120 h, the bacterium consumed approximately 28.4 g/l sugars, grew from 0.4 g/l to 4.0 g/l dry weight, and produced 51.0 mg/L pristinamycin. The microfiltration, concentration, and ethyl acetate solvent extraction applied resulted in 71% pristinamycin recovery. The antibiotic showed inhibition capacity comparable to that of the pristinamycins IA and IIA standards. The inhibited bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecium. Clear inhibition zones of 13.3–19.6 mm diameter were formed.
Awareness of Vitamin and mineral supplements among college students
Authors: Francis Twinkle , Veeraraghavan Vishnupriya , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S.
Published: May 2024

A Vitamin or mineral supplement is a kind of adjunct that aims to supplement the diet and it comprises a wide range of Vitamins, minerals, herbs, etc., that amplifies different nutrient levels. People intake such supplements for protection against health illnesses such as stress, cold, flu, osteoporosis, heart attacks, tooth decay, cancer, and neural tube defects in infants, etc. Anyhow, intake of large amounts without proper medical consideration can have severe negative consequences. This study aimed to assess the awareness on Vitamin and mineral supplements among College students. An online cross-sectional questionnaire was made using Google Forms and distributed among 100 College students. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests were done. Results showed that the majority of 63.43% of UG students and 21.64% of PG students believed that its consumption was beneficial and in general awareness was more among UG students. When asked about the Vitamin that should be avoided during pregnancy, a majority of 20.30% of UG students opted for Vitamin E and 7.52% of PG students opted for Vitamin A which shows that both were feasible options as they were fat-soluble vitamins capable of causing congenital defects. The most probable issue related with the use of dietary supplements is that the people who include them in their diet might see it as a substitute, in lieu of a supplement, thus, more people should be made aware of the proper consumption and side effects of Vitamin and mineral supplements.
Antidiabetic activity of Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam
Authors: Harini P. , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Selvaraj J. , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S.
Published: May 2024

One of the traditional plants used in Siddha medicine is Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam. It is said to possess antiaging, life-strengthening, and disease-preventing activities that have an enormous influence on health care. It has significant therapeutic potential and ethnobotanical significance. The aim of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam. The antidiabetic potential of Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam was determined in vitro using established methods such as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity. We used one-way ANOVA to see the statistical difference among the groups. The significance thresholds were considered at the P < 0.05 level. In comparison with the healthy group, the extract showed a significant antidiabetic effect. The proportion of inhibition increased as the concentrations increased. Previous studies established the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antiasthmatic, immunomodulatory, and antipyretic effects of Kabasura Kudineer or Choornam. The current findings demonstrated that the Chooranam has good antidiabetic action at a significant concentration. Plant-based products have recently proven to be effective and economical antidiabetic items.
Knowledge and awareness of dental students on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chopra Aditi , Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S.
Published: May 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric illness marked by a short span of attention, impulsive decisions, and behavioral issues. They are vulnerable to trauma and dental problems. The dental health team faces a challenge due to behavioral disorders, cognitive deficiencies, and short attention spans. At all stages of prevention and treatment, the management of these children necessitates various changes in approach. To collect data and analyze the awareness level of dental students toward ADHD. An online portal was used for the survey and distributed to 106 dentistry students with self-structured 10 questions. The findings were gathered through the survey portal, and graphs were drawn to compare the results. The SPSS software version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. The Chi-square test was used to determine the correlation between the variables. Forty percent of those polled are aware of ADHD, which is a mental health condition characterized by excessively active and impulsive behavior. The symptoms of a child with ADHD are aware to 31.43% of voters. About 30.48% of the respondents know the symptoms of an adult with ADHD. About 29.52% of the respondents were aware of the causes of ADHD. To conclude that most dental undergraduates are not aware of the basic characteristics of ADHD. This means that there should be a spreading of knowledge on the subject. A dental student or dentist must know how to manage a patient diagnosed with ADHD. Careful management and treatment will lead to a satisfied and happy patient. Mismanagement may cause problems in the future for both the dentist and the patient.
Nanomolar activity of 4-hydrazinylphenyl benzenesulfonate against breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cell lines
Authors: Prasetiawati Riska , Hidayat Syahrul , Zamri Adel , Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Published: May 2024

Hydrazine is an alkaline reduction compound which is widely used in synthesis. Based on the structure–activity analysis, to elicit antitumor activity, the presence of the N-methyl group is an absolute requirement. The aim of the research is to synthesize a new hydrazine derivate compound that has potency as a novel anti-breast cancer. 4-hydrazinylphenyl benzenesulfonate was synthesized employing reduction and diazotization methods. Structure characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), C13-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), H1-NMR, and High Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HR-TOF-MS). The anti-cancer activity of this compound against breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line was determined using a PrestoBlue viability assay. The new of hydrazine derivative, 4-hydrazinylphenyl benzenesulfonate, has been successfully synthesized. The reduction and diazotization methods have been successfully used in the synthesis of new compound of hydrazine derivatives. Structure characterization of 4-hydrazinylphenyl benzenesulfonate was established using FTIR, C13-NMR, H1-NMR, and HR-TOF-MS. The anti-cancer activity of this compound against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line was determined using a PrestoBlue viability assay with IC50 0.00246 μg/mL or 9.32 nM. In conclusion, 4-hydrazinylphenyl benzenesulfonate was successfully synthesized as a new candidate for anti-breast cancer compound.
Evaluation of proximate composition and biological activities of sompoi (Acacia concinna) leaves in Thailand
Authors: Ganogpichayagrai Aunyachulee , Suksaard Chutinan
Published: May 2024

Acacia concinna leaves are beneficial as medicinal for treating many symptoms and vegetable plants in Thai cuisine. The objective of the study was to analyze proximate compositions and micronutrients value, as well as, to evaluate biological activities including, antioxidant and anticancer activities of A. concinna leaves in Thailand. Proximate composition and micronutrients value were determined relative to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists standard methodology. Antioxidant capacity was examined following oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Anticancer activity was determined following resazurin microplate assay. Proximate composition of A. concinna leaves including crude protein and dietary fiber constituted 6.73 ± 0.03 g and 9.15 ± 0.03 g/100 g sample. Energy constituted 113.00 ± 3.61 kcal/100 g sample. Its leaves also had the highest micronutrients value on calcium, with constituted 321.38 ± 4.29 mg/100 g sample. A. concinna leaves hold antioxidant capacity with ORAC and FRAP values of 20407.55 ± 74.23 μmoles and 1016.38 ± 29.29 μmoles TE/100 g sample, respectively. Its ethanolic extract holds slightly anticancer effect against tested cancerous cell lines. A. concinna can be a healthy alternative source of nutrients with good antioxidant capacity and slightly anticancer properties.
Awareness of usage of fentanyl in dental applications among dental students
Authors: Sadhvi B. , Ahmed Nabeel , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Maiti Subhabrata , Pandurangan Kiran Kumar
Published: May 2024

Opioids like fentanyl are used both alone and in combination with other drugs to induce anesthesia and treat pain. It is also combined with heroin or cocaine when used recreationally. It starts acting quickly, and its effects usually wear off within 2 h. A typical pharmaceutical strategy for controlling the physical pain and psychological discomfort related to dental treatments, including surgery, is moderate (conscious) sedation. This study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness about dental applications of fentanyl among dental students. A 15-question survey was sent through an online platform to about 150 dental students in Tamil Nadu. Data were collected over a 6-month period and compared using SPSS software by IBM. The results were statistically analyzed and graphically interpreted. From the results obtained, we can observe that from the respondents of the current survey, 52% were undergraduates and 48% were postgraduate dental students. About 93% of them were aware of the fact that fentanyl comes under opioid analgesics, and 82% were aware that it is mostly used in case of pediatric patients. About 81% of the participants were aware that apart from benzodiazepines, fentanyl can also be used in combination with general anesthesia in dentistry. This study revealed that most of the participants are aware of the commonly used anesthesia and analgesia such as fentanyl in dental practices. However, more continuing dental education programs and seminars must be conducted to further enhance the knowledge and understanding of dental students about drugs such as fentanyl in dental practice.
Problems of purchasing pharmacy products through online orders
Authors: Soboleva Mariia Sergeevna , Loskutova Ekaterina Eimovna , Kosova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: May 2024

Online pharmacy services and online ordering of pharmaceutical products are in demand, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The problems of the purchase of pharmacy products through online orders in the Far Eastern Federal District were analyzed. Sociological survey of the population (n = 3789) was carried out. Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient was used. Drugs, dietary supplements, hygiene, and care items are most often purchased in online pharmacies. There is a correlation with the female sex, which may be related to care about family/loved people. The purchase of prescription drugs through e-pharmacies is also more often in demand among women and older patients. Among prescription drugs, the order of drugs used in the treatment of coronavirus infection and its complications (antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, gastroenterological, and hormonal) is widespread. The problems of e-pharmacies identified due to the study are the lack of proper control over prescription drugs, low role of the pharmaceutical worker in compliance of the patient, and frequent refusals of Internet orders. It is necessary clarify the regulatory status of e-pharmacies and the role of pharmaceutical specialists in it, to reduce the possibility of error in the preparation and/or assembly of orders, to reduce the risk of the presence of defective goods. These ways can increase customer loyalty to this service.
Ethanolic extract of Lannea coromandelica stem bark
Authors: Ramadhan Achmad , Herman Hastuti , Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati
Published: May 2024

This study determined the efficacy of extract of the stem bark of Lannea coromandelica (ESBLc) on histopathology and inflammatory cell infiltration in the gastric of rats induced by mefenamic acid. We grouped 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus) into 5; Group 1 (positive control, mefenamic acid + sucralfate suspension), Group 2 (negative control, mefenamic acid), Group 3 (mefenamic acid + ESBLc 1575 mg/kg), Group 4 (mefenamic acid + ESBLc 3150 mg/kg), and Group 5 (mefenamic acid + ESBLc 3600 mg/kg). The dose of mefenamic acid used was 23.25 mg/kg, given orally for 7 days. Gastric histopathological observations were carried out qualitatively, and inflammatory cell infiltration was analyzed quantitatively by one-ay ANOVA. The qualitative and quantitative analysis results showed that ESBLc had efficacy in restoring damaged gastric tissue of rats; statistically, 3150 mg/kg and 6300 mg/kg effectively reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. ESBLc recovered the function of gastric organs of Rattus norvegicus L. induced by mefenamic acid, including improved mucosa and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the gastric. The doses of ESBLc, which effectively reduced inflammatory cell infiltrations, were 3150 mg/kg and 6300 mg/kg BW.
In vitro studies on the cytotoxicity, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) extract
Authors: Ambarwati Neneng Siti Silfi , Armandari Mari Okatini , Widayat Wahyu , Desmiaty Yesi , Elya Berna , Arifianti Ayun Erwina , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: May 2024

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), a common vegetable in Indonesia, contain high levels of lycopene, which is good for the body. This research further investigates the activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomatoes as elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory, and cytotoxic agents. The extraction procedure used is maceration, fractionation through liquid-liquid fractionation, purification of phytochemical substances is achieved through the application of thin layer chromatography. Elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was analyzed using spectrophotometry and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxic assay. The result showed that the extract yield was 0.004%. The percentage of polar fraction from the extract was 2.58%, while the nonpolar fraction was 0.69%. The elastase inhibitory activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomato extract is 87.21% ± 7.57% and 73.12% ± 7.44%, respectively, The elastase inhibitory activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomato extract is 87.21% ± 7.57% and 73.12% ± 7.44%, respectively. The fractions had higher the anti-elastase activity than the positive control quercetin (65.97% ± 3.00%). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomato extract is 23.71% ± 7.91% and 41.16% ± 5.41% (kojic acid as standard is 65.07% ± 0.86%), respectively. The IC50 of the cytotoxic assay to NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells of the polar and nonpolar fraction of tomato extract is 1820.90 μg/mL and 1643.86 μg/mL, respectively.
Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of herbal formulation using karpooravalli, mint, and cinnamon on wound pathogens
Authors: Monica K. , Rajeshkumar S. , Ramasubramanian Abilasha , Ramani Pratibha , Sukumaran Gheena
Published: May 2024

Wound damage must be shielded from inflammatory responses caused by the external environment, while also receiving adequate moisture and promoting wound healing. Cinnamomum verum, Coleus aromaticus/amboinicus, and Mentha have proven effects on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects as separate in various studies, but no studies have observed the synergistic effects of one herb on the other. The aim of the present study is to assess the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of karpooravalli, mint, and cinnamon formulation against wound pathogens for better healing of mouth ulcers through an in vitro study for further mouth paint preparation. Herbal extract is prepared using herbal plants karpooravalli, mint, and cinnamon. We studied the antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas with ampicillin antibiotic disks as positive control and anti-inflammatory with control of diclofenac sodium. The antimicrobial activity of zone of inhibition increased with higher concentration of 100 μL against E. coli, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas at 20 mm, 18 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity showed the highest percentage of inhibition using 50 μL with 91.5%; this reveals good anti-inflammatory activity by the synergistic action of the herbal formulation. The synergistic effect of the herbal formulation had a comparable anti-inflammatory activity as that of the standard. Hence, it can be employed in large-scale production and may be used for fabricating a natural product based on mouthwashes and mouth paints.
Curcumin
Authors: Widjaja Sry Suryani , Rusdiana Rusdiana , Amelia Rina
Published: May 2024

The ongoing, highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic has prompted various drugs, vaccines, and phytochemical research to control the disease. The accelerated development of vaccines showed the importance of immune boosters against the virus. This study aims to elucidate the role of curcumin, a phytochemical with an immunoediting profile potentially able to boost immunity after vaccination. Eighty participants were enrolled to receive curcumin supplementation (n= 40) and without (n= 40) after the first vaccination until 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Total antibody formation for SARS-CoV-2 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4 weeks after the second vaccination. The average antibody formed in groups treated with curcumin supplementation showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (262.6 ± 324.2 vs. 42.8 ± 53.5,P< 0.01). Age, sex, and comorbidities did not affect the production of antibodies within groups. Curcumin showed potential as a complementary supplementation during the period of vaccination as it can increase antibodies produced post vaccinations. Further investigation should be conducted on more subjects and a longer period in concordance to vaccine boosters and emerging new variants.
Effectivity of hand soap gel ethanol extract acem acem leaves (Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada) as pesticide cleaner
Authors: Mahyuni Eka Lestari , Harahap Urip , Muhammad Mahatir
Published: May 2024

The Karo's farmers use the plant as a substitute for water and soap called acem acem (Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada) leaves to clean the direct pesticide exposure at their skin. This study was aimed to determine the effective formula of Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada leaves extract as hand soap gel preparation to remove pesticide residues. The experimental research was conducted to explore the potential of the leaves as an alternative material for pesticide cleaner. It is a pre and post experiment that was tried by 30 farmers from Karo district, Indonesia. The material used fresh Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada leaves, collected from farmer's fields. The extract was gained from the leaves powder was repeatedly extracted by maceration. All farmers used a pesticide with chlorpyrifos content and wash their hands by using handsoap gel extract ethanol Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada formula. The water of the farmer's hand wash was check-in the laboratory for screened phytochemicals. The data were analyzed in quantitative and gas chromatography to find the ability of the extract to remove chlorpyrifos pesticide residues, in the farmer's hand wash water as a qualitative test. The results found that Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada was formulated into hand soap gel could remove chlorpyrifos pesticide residue from hand wash of the farmers. The ability of hand soap gel with Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada concentration of 5% and 7% in binding residue compounds of chlorpyrifos pesticides was considered good. It concluded the Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada leaves are effective to clean the pesticide residues.
Prediction of the mechanism of action of catechin as superoxide anion antioxidants and natural antivirals for COVID-19 infection with in silico study
Authors: Zainuddin Achmad , Hidayat Ika Wiani , Kurnia Dikdik , Ramadhanty Zenika Febian , Padilah Rizal
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 attacking the lungs, which contain the most oxygen. The involvement of oxidative stress in the body and the role of antioxidant compounds, namely catechins, are thought to be able to prevent various diseases, including the COVID-19 infection virus. An in silico approach was employed between the catechins and the protein NADPH oxidase (Nox), followed by the coronavirus protease protein, to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species. This research using the in silico method seeks to predict the mechanism of action of catechin as a superoxide radical anion inhibitor and as an antiviral for COVID-19. This study carried out molecular docking simulations of catechin compounds against Nox and coronavirus proteases and then compared them with positive controls GKT136901 and remdesivir. The binding energy of catechin and Nox in a docking simulation is − 8.30 kcal/mol, which is somewhat lower than GKT136901's binding value of − 8.72 kcal/mol. Catechin and coronavirus proteases had binding energy of − 7.89 kcal/mol, which was greater than remdesivir's binding energy of − 7.50 kcal/mol. Based on in silico data, catechin as an antioxidant compound can be antiviral for COVID-19.
Serine racemase interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist reveals potential alternative target of chronic pain treatment
Authors: Laksono Ristiawan Muji , Kalim Handono , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Widodo Nashi , Ahmad Muhammad Ramli
Published: May 2024

Serine racemase (SR) catalyzes L-serine racemization to activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). NMDAR activation is associated with the progression of acute-to-chronic neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate NMDAR antagonist interactions with SR to obtain potential chronic pain target therapy. Several NMDAR antagonist drugs were obtained from the drug bank, and malonate was used as a control inhibitor. Ligands were prepared using the open babel feature on PyRx. The SR structure was obtained from Protein data bank (PDB) (3l6B) and then docked with ligands using the AutoDock Vina. Haloperidol had a lower binding affinity than malonate and other ligands. Ethanol had the highest binding affinity than other drugs but could bind to the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding domain. Haloperidol is bound to reface that function for reprotonation in racemization reaction to produce D-serine. Halothane bond with Arg135 residues aligned negatively charged substrates to be reprotonated properly by reface. Tramadol is bound to amino acid residues in the triple serine loop, which determines the direction of the SR reaction. Several NMDAR antagonists such as haloperidol, halothane, ethanol, and tramadol bind to SR in the specific binding site. It reveals that SR potentially becomes an alternative target for chronic pain treatment.
Antibacterial activities of indigenous yeasts isolated from pomegranate peels (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Utama Gemilang Lara , Rahmah Shafira Aulia , Kayaputri Indira Lanti , Balia Roostita Lobo
Published: May 2024

Pomegranate peels (PGPs) are known to have the potential as antibacterial not only from their nutrient content but also the microflora. The activities might be caused by the existence of indigenous yeast that can be utilized to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to identify antibacterial and antioxidant activity of indigenous yeast isolated from PGP. The research was conducted by experimental methods and followed by descriptive analysis. The study was done by the isolation of indigenous yeast from PGPs, which was identified using the rRNA sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with the primers of ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) and then compared with Basic Local Alignment Search Tools (BLAST) algorithm toward the GenBank. Antibacterial activities of indigenous yeast were tested with agar plug diffusion and time kill test toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The yeast identification obtained two isolates similar to Hanseniaspora uvarum CBS 314 and two isolates of Pichia kudriavzevii ATCC 6258 which have antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. P. kudriavzevii PGP D4 have best antimicrobial activities with a strong activity against E. coli (±9 mm) and medium activity against S. aureus (±3.1 mm).
3,4-dimethoxychalcone novel ultraviolet-A-protection factor in conventional sunscreen cream
Authors: Fatmasari Erlina , Zulkarnain Abdul Karim , Kuswahyuning Rina
Published: May 2024

UltravioletA (UVA) rays with an intensity of 95% can induce skin cancer due to the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The 3,4-dimethoxychalcone (3,4-DMC) chalcone derivative has a wide wavelength, antioxidant activity, presumed has activity as sunscreen (UVA rays). Topical delivery of water-insoluble 3,4-DMC with log P 3.84 required capable, cream formulation was chosen because it was suitable for application this chemical sunscreen. This study aims to obtain the optimal formulation of 3,4-DMC in a sunscreen cream dosage form as a UVA-protection factor (UVA-PF). This study involves experimental design. The cream 3,4-DMC was evaluated physically for 4 weeks by measuring pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, centrifugation, freeze–thaw, photostability, UVA-PF used TranporeTM tape, and skin irritation test on animals. The result obtained was evaluated statistically using ANOVA (SPSS version 24). The ratio UVA/UVB value of 3,4 DMC sunscreen cream having 5 stars (*****) for all concentrations, shows the product in this study can be used as an anti-UVA agent in sunscreen cream cosmetic products. The stability of the cream has pH 4.0–4.2; spreadability 5–6 cm; viscosity 4.470–5.763; and adhesion <1 s. Freeze-thaw and centrifugation were known did not affect the stability due to the absence of separation. There was no wavelength shift in the photostability test and no skin irritation due to in vivo examination using New Zealand rabbits. The 3,4-DMC as a new agent in conventional sunscreen cream dosage form has good properties as a protection against UVA rays.
Optimization of microspheres containing virgin coconut oil and hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil as antimicrobial
Authors: Hariyadi Dewi Melani , Fitri Aldesra , Sudarma Sisunandar , Purwanti Tutiek , Erawati Tristiana
Published: May 2024

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with potential fatty acid content has a strong antibacterial effect for drug and cosmetics. VCO was hydrolyzed as hydrolyzed VCO (HVCO) to increase its activity. This study aims to optimize VCO and HVCO microspheres. Examination was included fatty acid content, density, and organoleptic. VCO and HVCO microspheres were characterized by yield, moisture content (MC), morphology, and size. Fatty acid content was done through gas chromatography mass spectrometry whereas for microspheres, effect of alginate concentration (1%–2%), and addition of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) were studied. VCO and HVCO microspheres formulas showed that an increase in polymer concentration, increasing yield, and improving MC. The most optimal 2% alginate with the addition of PEG increased yield up to 59% and reduced size. F4 microspheres resulted the highest yield, low MC, and high fatty acids. Morphology was spherical and smooth with small size. Optimization of HVCO microspheres showed its potential which recommend for antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Biomarkers in the Screening and Management of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Punhani Pallavi , Ahluwalia Charanjeet
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women globally. Nearly all cases occur due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with majority regressing on their own and most precancerous resolving spontaneously. However, there is still a risk of persistent chronic infection that may progress to malignancy. Thus, efforts to improve screening methods and search for more cost effective, accessible biomarkers of proven efficacy are crucial to reducing the global impact. This review is aimed at summarizing the wide array of already available and upcoming biomarkers that hold potential in screening and management of cervical cancer. The wide range of biomarkers including the recently recognized cell free HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were reviewed for their potential utility in clinical settings. Every biomarker has been evaluated for its significance in clinical settings beginning from screening, risk categorization to treatment response, and monitoring of tumor relapse. The World Health Organization recommends HPV DNA testing for cervical cancer screening, with high-risk genotyping and viral load assessment as triage markers. E6/E7 messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based assays show higher specificity, complementing traditional screening methods for borderline/low grade lesions. Dual staining by P16/Ki-67 diagnoses cervical dysplasia and cancerous lesions. New biomarkers such as mini-chromosome maintenance protein 5/topoisomerase I and II alpha offer maximum specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2) and CIN 3 lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a prognostic and predictive biomarker for poor survival rates. Micro-RNAs provide prognostic information and insights into patient responses to treatment modalities. Liquid biopsy is an alternative, minimally invasive modality for cancer management. Programmed cell death (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 inhibitors are valuable in treating advanced or recurrent cancer. This review aims to bridge the gap between current and potential new biomarkers in cervical cancer screening and management.
Clinical Deception: Exploring Cases of Cervical Tuberculosis Mimicking Cancer – A Rare Series
Authors: Solanki Shalu , Gupta Sumedha , Shamsunder Saritha , Ahluwalia Charanjeet
Published: May 2024

Cervical tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation, accounting for 0.1%–0.65% of global TB cases. Despite its infrequency, cervical TB presents unique diagnostic challenges due to its ability to mimic cervical malignancy. This abstract reviews five distinct cases of cervical TB, emphasizing the diversity of clinical presentations encountered. The cases highlight the importance of histological confirmation in distinguishing cervical TB from malignancy, with granulomatous inflammation serving as a key diagnostic marker. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of cervical TB is crucial, as it enables targeted and effective medical management, avoiding unnecessary radical surgery. The cases discussed underscore the significance of considering TB in abnormal cervical presentations, especially in regions with a high TB prevalence. This abstract contributes to the understanding of cervical TB’s clinical nuances, emphasizing the need for heightened clinical suspicion and histopathological examination for optimal patient management.
Efficacy of Swede Score for See-and-Treat in VIA-Positive Women
Authors: Pangtey Priyanka , Shamsunder Saritha , Malik Sunita , Ahluwalia Charanjeet
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Colposcopy standardization attempts have been made using scoring systems. One of them is the Swede score, which includes lesion size as a variable to be scored in addition to the four variables found in the modified Reids Colposcopic Index. The objective of the present study was to identify the Swede score associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ lesions.

Design:

This was a prospective interventional study.

Materials and Methods:

Women in the age group of 25–50 years and coming to the general gynecology clinic had opportunistic cervical screening with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA); screen positive underwent colposcopy and scoring of any acetowhite lesion using the Swede score. Those having a Swede score ≥5 were counseled for see-and-treat approach using large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Histopathological examination of the LLETZ specimen was compared with the Swede score.

Results:

Colposcopy was carried out for 688 women who were VIA positive; of them, 101 had a Swede score of ≥5 and underwent LLETZ. On histopathological examination of the LLETZ sample, all had CIN. Of the 91 women (90.10%) who had Swede scores between 5 and 7, 36.26% had CIN 1 while 63.74% had CIN 2+ on HPE. At a Swede score of ≥8 (9.90%), 20% had CIN 1 and 80% had CIN 2+. A Swede score of ≥5 is associated with CIN 2+ in 65% and resulted in overtreatment in 34.6%.

Conclusion:

A Swede score of ≥5 was a good predictor of high-grade CIN lesion to counsel for the see-and-treat approach.
Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Surgeries for Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Sushmitha Somagattu , Gupta Tanisha , Singh Nilanchali
Published: May 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur at the surgery site. They can be superficial or deep, causing various symptoms and complications. SSI is a significant concern in gynecologic cancer surgery due to the nature of the procedures involved, such as hysterectomies. Risk factors for SSI include factors such as immunosuppression, smoking, obesity, and the duration of surgery. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of SSI in gynecologic patients. SSIs have a substantial impact on gynecologic cancer patients, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Patients with SSIs are more likely to require intensive care and have a higher risk of readmission. The COVID-19 pandemic has also influenced SSI rates. Care bundles are recommended to prevent SSIs and have been effective in various surgical procedures, including gynecologic oncology. These bundles often include standardized protocols such as chlorhexidine skin preparation and the use of antibiotics. Preoperative and postoperative strategies are crucial in preventing SSIs. Preoperative measures involve antibiotics, clippers, and vaginal cleansing. Intraoperative steps, such as skin closure and wound therapy, are also considered. Postoperative strategies include chlorhexidine gluconate soap use. Preventing SSIs in gynecologic cancer surgery requires a multifaceted approach, involving risk factor identification; care bundles; and comprehensive preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies. Ongoing research is essential to better understand SSI pathways and develop effective prevention methods. This article is a scoping review on SSI in gynecologic malignancy surgeries.
Rehabilitation of edentulous posterior maxilla using lateral disc implants avoiding ridge augmentation in cases with inadequate bone height
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Sanjay Kumar , Shadamarshan R Arunkumar , Krishnaprabhu Rajkumar
Published: May 2024

Context:

Implant-retained prosthodontic rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla is challenging owing to the compromised characteristics of the residual alveolar bone which might require several adjunctive surgical procedures to augment the available alveolar bone.

Aims:

This study aims to evaluate the outcome of rehabilitated maxillary posterior edentulous space with lateral disc implants in subjects with inadequate bone height.

Subject and Methods:

Forty patients with edentulous span in posterior maxilla with inadequate volume of bone were rehabilitated with lateral disc implant-retained prosthesis. Follow-up was undertaken at the end of 06, 12, 24, and 36 months by allocating the implants into the groups assessed according to the Misch Implant quality scale. A total of 6 Single disc, 22 Double disc, and 12 triple disc implants were placed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics.

Results:

At the end of 06 months, 96.6% were in Group 1, 3.3% were assessed to be in Group 2. At 12 months, 95% were in Group 1, 1.6% in Group 2, and 3.3% in Group 3. At 24 months, 95% were in Group 1, 3.3% were in Group 2, and 1.6% were in Group 3. At 36 months, 96.6% were assessed in Group 1 while 1.6% each was in Group 2 and 4.

Conclusions:

A clinical success of 98.4% has been established and is concluded that Lateral disc implants provide a viable alternative to the contemporary management protocol involving a sinus lift.
Systemic medications and implant success
Authors: Sukumaran Prema , Dionysius Dionetta Delitta , Ngeow Wei Cheong , Tan Chuey Chuan , Hussin Mohd Zamri
Published: May 2024

Dental implants require healthy bone for successful osseointegration. However, bone health can become compromised by ageing and/or the presence of underlying medical conditions. The severity and complications associated with these medical conditions usually indicate that they require medication for successful management. Some of these medications may undoubtedly exert effects on bone through direct or indirect mechanisms and therefore, may also affect osseointegration. These include antihypertensives, oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs)/insulin, hormones (corticosteroid, thyroxin and tamoxifen) and anti-resorptive agents including bisphosphonates and anti-angiogenic agents. Part One of this paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the effects of antihypertensives, OHAs and insulin on the outcome of implant therapy.
Marginal bone change, survival and biological complications around dental implants with a platform switched, Morse taper connection, and a medium rough surface in a sample of regular compliers patients
Authors: Soldini Maria Costanza , Trentin Filippo , Calabuig Ramon Pons
Published: May 2024

Context:

Marginal bone loss around implants still is difficult to avoid and the great influence of the size of the implant/abutment micro-gap on crestal bone level maintenance have been reported in the literature. The internal conical Morse taper connection has been demonstrated to be an effective system for minimizing inflammatory reactions and maximizing peri-implant bone stability.

Aims:

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal bone change around dental implants with a platform-switched (PS) Morse taper connection and a medium rough surface over a 4-year follow-up period.

Settings and Design:

The data for this study were obtained from the clinical records of a private periodontal practice exclusively in Periodontics and Implantology (Vicenza, Italy), treated by one EFP certified periodontist (C.S). The same operator (C.S) performed all the surgeries.

Subjects and Methods:

Marginal bone loss around PS Morse taper connection implants was retrospectively analysed on standardized radiographs after 1 year and 4 years from the prosthesis connection.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The statistical unit of observation was the single implant. The influence on MBC of the number of implants for the same patient was tested using the Kruskal Wallis non parametric test. The main effects of the follow-up times (T1 and T4) and of each individual factor on MBC were evaluated using the non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests respectively. The interaction effect between follow-up time and each individual factor was graphically tested considering the MBC median values in the time level for each factor. Statistical significance was taken at the ≤0.05 level (two-sided). All analyses were performed using the STATA/IC for Windows, version 14.2.

Results:

Ninety implants were examined in fifty patients. Mean bone change was −0.06 ± 0.31 mm after 1 year and −0.2 ± 0.45 mm after 4 years. The cumulative survival rate at 4 years was 100%, and a low prevalence of implants with clinical signs of mucositis (12.2%) or peri-implantitis (1.1%) was reported.

Conclusions:

In implants where the prosthesis is correctly place and the patient are compliers to their maintenance therapy, the contemporary presence of a Morse taper connection and a switching platform seems to offer good results for the maintenance of peri-implant bone in the short and medium term.
Socket-shield technique for immediate implant placement with immediate and delayed loading method
Authors: Jacob Oliver , Kosala Manab , Sharma Deepak , Nanavati Goutam Dilip
Published: May 2024

Immediate implant placement is becoming a routine procedure in esthetic dentistry. The need for placing the implant immediately post extraction helps reduce the alveolar ridge resorption and also maintain good soft-tissue contours post placing the implant and during rehabilitation. However, a cause of concern occurs when the buccal cortical plate is thin, especially in the upper anterior region. This poses a direct implication in the maintenance of primary stability and buccal contour of both hard and soft tissues, thus compromising esthetics. The socket-shield technique (SST) is a recent advancement in placing immediate implant post extraction. The maintenance of the buccal root section helps retain both the compromised buccal cortical plate and soft-tissue contour, thus providing a better esthetic profile. In view of the same, two patients were provided immediate implants with SST; one with immediate loading of implant and other with delayed loading method, and postoperative radiographic analysis was carried out to evaluate bone density around the implant.
Unraveling Human Fetal Testicular Descent: Morphometric and Microscopic Analysis across Gestational Ages
Authors: Ramamoorthy Balakrishnan , Latiff Ashma A. , Subramanian Sundarapandian , Manohar Meghna S. , Dowlath Mohammed Junaid Hussain , Saravanan Hariprasanth
Published: May 2024

Background:

Testicular descent is a complex process that begins during fetal development and culminates after birth. This study aimed to investigate the fetal testicular descent and development during the gestational period.

Methodology:

We performed a retrospective analysis of 29 fetuses, ranging from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation. The testicular migration was observed by dissection and the morphometry, location, and histology of the testes were analyzed. Statistical analysis using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilks test was performed to check the normality. To compare the right and left sides, Mann–Whitney U-test was used.

Results:

Testis developed in the posterior abdominal wall in 9-12 week of fetal gestational age. The same was found in the inguinal canal in the higher age fetuses. Our study found that the weight of the testis was proportional to the gestational age of the fetus. The location of the testis on both the sides was similar at each gestational age studied. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules was narrow and highly coiled between 24 and 32 weeks. Whereas, broader seminiferous tubules were observed in the fetuses of the third trimester of gestation. Furthermore, the tunica albuginea thickness was found to be increase in the fetuses between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation. In full-term fetuses, the testis was observed in the scrotum.

Conclusion:

This study emphasizes certain nuances and developmental patterns noted during fetal testicular descent. It also provides insights into the fetal testicular descent and development revealed through morphometric and microscopic investigations.
Exploring Dengue Dynamics from a Multi-dimensional Surveillance Approach: A Cross-sectional Study from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Tilak Rina , Kapoor Suraj , Anand Vivek , Bajaj Swati , Koundinya Kunal , Yadav Arun
Published: May 2024

abstract

Introduction:

The epidemiology of dengue in India has been intricate. It is pertinent that the multidimensional dengue surveillance approach be formulated with appropriate inferences and implications in developing preventive strategies for dengue control.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study from Pune city in Western Maharashtra in July 2021, covering an area of 120 acres and population of 3234. A multidimensional dengue field survey was conducted to carry out sector-wise entomological surveillance with simultaneous knowledge and behaviour assessment of the local population.

Results:

The total number of dengue cases reported were 36 over 2 months. A total of 131/973 containers were found positive, with a total collection of 1140 larvae and 119 pupae. Pupa per person was 0.16. A total of 108 adult female Aedes mosquitoes majorly Aedes albopictus (84%). The xenodiagnoses undertaken were found negative for dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus. The mean knowledge behaviour score assessed was 8.64 ± 2.12 out of 14 with a maximum score of 14 and a minimum score of 02.

Conclusion:

The current study revealed that there were specific preferred breeding sites such as plastic discarded plates and flowerpots with more cases in particular sector. The knowledge assessment of the local population was good.
Improve the Process of Patient’S Own Medications Dispensed from Inpatient Pharmacy
Authors: Afana Arwa Hassan , Alhuthil Raghad , Abdelwahab Hossameldin , Shukry Murooj , Sallam Manal , Alnunu Kholood , El Kady Tarek
Published: May 2024

Background:

During hospitalization, some admitted patients might need to continue on their non-formulary medications as per physician order. Yet, there is a potential for medication dispensing and administration errors. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the efficiency of handling and administering patients’ own medications (POM) and reduce the variations in practice by standardizing the workflow and documentation.

Materials and Methods:

This is a quality improvement study. A new standardized checklist for the POM was designed to apply to pediatric and adult hospitalized patients and then shared with nursing units to be completed upon receiving POM. The study period is 7 months (August 2021 to February 2022).

Results:

The initial target was to cover (60%) of the hospital’s nursing units by the end of December 2021. Consequently, by December 2021, the target was exceeded successfully by implementing the checklist in (82.6%) of nursing units. By February 2022, the checklist was implemented successfully in all 23 inpatient hospital wards (100%) with nearly 500 patients.

Conclusion:

The new checklist’s implementation ensures that patients receive their medications through a unified dispensing system in nursing units, and it complies with the Joint Commission International and Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions accreditation standards. Over time, this will help reduce medication errors and increase patient safety.