bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Career of a Catalogue: Organizational Memory, Materiality and the Dual Nature of the Past at the British Museum (1970–Today)
Authors: Blagoev Blagoy , Felten Sebastian , Kahn Rebecca
Published: July 2018

The emergent ‘uses of the past’ literature challenges traditional perspectives on history as an objective constraint for organizational action. It does so by putting forward an interpretivist view that highlights the moulding and shaping of history as a resource that enables action. We build upon and extend this approach by demonstrating how a more explicit attention to materiality reveals ‘the dual nature of the past’ as not simply constraining and/or enabling but also actively orienting organizational action in the present. We draw upon research on organizational remembering and the concept of affordance to theorize the entanglement of organizational remembering and the material technologies of memory. We examine the dynamics of organizational remembering and materiality in the context of the British Museum’s digitization efforts. We show how narratives about the past enable organizational actors to make sense of and repurpose a novel material technology of memory (computers) through the construction of affordances. However, we also demonstrate how the materiality of objects inherited from the past also actively constrained and oriented how actors worked upon various obstacles on the path to digitization. We make two contributions. First, we develop how the dual nature of the past constitutes a novel way to reconcile deterministic and voluntarist interpretations of the past in organizations by assigning a more active role to material objects in organizational remembering. Second, we introduce a novel way to theorize organizational memory as an ongoing process of mutual constitution between technologies of memory ( Speicher) and social practices of remembering ( Gedächtnis).
Double Down or Switch It Up: Should Low-Income Children Stay in Head Start for 2 Years or Switch Programs?
Authors: Jenkins Jade Marcus , Sabol Terri J. , Farkas George
Published: July 2018

Background:

Recent growth in subsidized preschool opportunities in the United States for low-income 4-year-old children has allowed federal Head Start programs to fund more slots for 3-year-old children. In turn, when Age-3 Head Start participants turn four, they may choose to switch into one of the many alternative care options or choose to stay in Head Start for a second year.

Objectives:

We analyze a nationally representative sample of Age-3 Head Start participants to examine whether children who stay in Head Start for a second year at Age 4 exhibit greater school readiness and subsequent cognitive and behavioral performance compared with children who switch out of Head Start into alternative care. We also examine differences between children who stay at the same Head Start center at Age 4 with those who switch to a different Head Start center.

Research Design:

Child fixed effects analyses coupled with inverse probability of treatment weights to remove observable, time-invariant differences between Head Start stayers and switchers.

Subjects:

Cohort of Age-3 Head Start attendees from the Head Start Impact Study.

Measures:

Child cognitive and behavioral skills assessed by trained administrators annually at ages 3–7.

Results:

Age-3 Head Start participants’ outcomes do not differ at the end of preschool, kindergarten, or first grade based on their choice of Age-4 program. Staying at the same Head Start center for 2 years may be beneficial for behavioral skills.

Conclusions:

For low-income families, there exist many equally beneficial options to support their children’s school readiness through public preschool programs.
Feasibility evaluation of low-crystallinity β-tricalcium phosphate blocks as a bone substitute fabricated by a dissolution–precipitation reaction from α-tricalcium phosphate blocks
Authors: Tripathi Garima , Sugiura Yuki , Kareiva Aivaras , Garskaite Edita , Tsuru Kanji , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: July 2018

Although sintered β-tricalcium phosphate blocks have been used clinically as artificial bone substitutes, the crystallinity of β-tricalcium phosphate, which might dominate biocompatibility, is extremely high. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating low-crystallinity β-tricalcium phosphate blocks, which are expected to exhibit good biocompatibility via a dissolution–precipitation reaction of α-tricalcium phosphate blocks as a precursor under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C for 24 h. Although β-tricalcium phosphate is a metastable phase, the presence of Mg2+ in the reaction solution inhibits the formation of its corresponding stable phase and induces β-tricalcium phosphate formation under acidic conditions. It was found that low-crystallinity β-tricalcium phosphate blocks could be fabricated from α-tricalcium phosphate blocks immersed in 1.0 mol/L MgCl2 + 0.1 mol/L NaH2PO4 solution while maintaining the shape of the α-tricalcium phosphate blocks. The crystallite size of the fabricated β-tricalcium phosphate blocks was 42 nm, which was substantially smaller than that of the sintered β-tricalcium phosphate blocks. When the fabricated β-tricalcium phosphate blocks were implanted into bone defects in rabbit femurs, they exhibited excellent tissue responses. In particular, the initial osteoconductivity (two and four weeks) was substantially greater than that of sintered β-tricalcium phosphate blocks.
Not Really Single: The Deportation to Welfare Pathway for U.S. Citizen Mothers in Mixed-Status Marriage
Authors: Schueths April M.
Published: July 2018

Working-class, Latin American men are increasingly removed from their families and exploited by the global market-driven for-profit detention system and then deported from the United States. Using gendered and racialized deportation regimes and neoliberal paternalism this research qualitatively analyzes the financial and emotional consequences of deportation for 17 U.S. citizen mothers who are part of a mixed-status marriage (primarily white non-Latina citizens, married to undocumented Latin American men). The state uses strict deportation policies as a mechanism to “protect” citizens from so-called dangerous criminals, most who have not committed a crime. This supposed safeguard suggests that citizens need to be protected from their own husbands and fathers. Citizens are suddenly cast into the role of single parent and sole provider and often rely on public assistance to replace their husband’s income, in what I call the deportation to welfare pathway.
Natural Frequency Region – Fluid-Structural-Interaction approach for dynamic impact predictions and experimental verification of rubber–metal bonded systems with fluid
Authors: Luo Robert K , Lou Ping , Wang Weidong , Guo Naizheng
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an integrated procedure for dynamic impact predictions and an experimental verification of rubber–metal bonded components with fluid to be used as a potential application in rail vehicle suspensions. There are three steps involved in the procedure. First, a quasi-static analysis was performed to verify the elastic properties of the rubber material using hyperelastic models. Second, a dynamic impact evaluation on selected hydro-mounts without fluid was conducted using the Natural Frequency Region (NFR) approach. Finally, a coupled NFR (with Fluid-Structural-Interaction) approach, different from the usual viscoelastic methods, was initiated to predict the dynamic impact responses of these components with the fluid in time domain. All the analyses have been validated with experimental data. The first two stages have been briefly described and the third stage is detailed in this paper. It should be noted that a powerful computer with multi-central processing units is essential to obtain a reasonable result within an acceptable time frame. It took approximately 40 h wall-clock time to complete the analysis using a workstation with 10 central processing units. It has been suggested that the natural frequency region–fluid–structure interaction methodology is reliable and could be used at the design stage and for engineering applications.
Morality and Self-Control: How They Are Intertwined and Where They Differ
Authors: Hofmann Wilhelm , Meindl Peter , Mooijman Marlon , Graham Jesse
Published: July 2018

Despite sharing conceptual overlap, morality and self-control research have led largely separate lives. In this article, we highlight neglected connections between these major areas of psychology. To this end, we first note their conceptual similarities and differences. We then show how morality research, typically emphasizing aspects of moral cognition and emotion, may benefit from incorporating motivational concepts from self-control research. Similarly, self-control research may benefit from a better understanding of the moral nature of many self-control domains. We place special focus on various components of self-control and on the ways in which self-control goals may come to be seen as moral issues (i.e., moralized).
The Post 9-11 US Foreign Policy towards South Asia
Authors: Khaliq Sohaib
Published: July 2018

This study encompasses two of the most important and intricate areas of concern regarding the US policy for South Asia. The first policy issue concerns the balancing of regional geopolitical equation among the three key players—Afghanistan, India and Pakistan. Through a qualitative analytical lens, it is argued here that an effective balancing of regional dynamics can only take place by eliminating the inherent contradiction in two of the current US policies in place—hyphenation and dehyphenation. Decompartmentalising India and Pakistan and viewing the regional geopolitics as an outcome of their mutual interaction could be the first step in simplifying the regional dynamics. The second policy concerns the rise of religious fundamentalism and the potential role of ideological factors. Two propositions are put forward. First, the study provides a potential mechanism based on supply and demand model to understand and accommodate political and ideological factors linked with the rise of violence. Second, in addressing whether and to what extent the USA should commit itself to the ideological warfare, the study provides one promising scenario based on the empirical findings drawn from one of the relatively successful cases of democracy and moderate Islam in the Muslim world.
A language competition model for new minorities
Authors: Templin Torsten
Published: July 2018

This article presents a new model describing a language competition situation between a local majority language and a migrant minority language. Migrants enter the society, form families, and produce offspring. Adults raise their children in either one of the two languages or both. Children then attend school, learn additional languages as adults, and produce a new cohort with its own linguistic repertoire. Families and adults are utility maximizing actors, who take into account instrumental aspects of languages, such as their communicative range, as well as identity-related aspects. A general macro-level model describes how the linguistic composition of a population facing migration changes over time. Furthermore, a specific functional form of the general model is proposed and steady states are analyzed. Finally, for illustrative purposes, the model is applied to the case of Spanish and English in the United States.
Matrix Training for Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Language Delays
Authors: Curiel Emily S. L. , Sainato Diane M. , Goldstein Howard
Published: July 2018

Although matrix training is an intervention technique designed to promote generative language, it has not been applied widely to toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) despite the benefits it may have for this young population. We investigated the use of matrix training to teach generative receptive language to toddlers with ASD and other language delays. Three participants were systematically taught to respond to instructions organized in action-object instruction matrices. Recombinative generalization probes were administered to determine if untrained action-object instruction following occurred without direct teaching in a multiple probe design. Although recombinative generalization was partial, approximately 30% of the learned action-object instructions occurred through direct teaching, whereas the other 70% of learning occurred through generalization. Matrix training provided a systematic teaching framework for facilitating generative language learning.
Format of Parent Education Material Preferred by New Mothers
Authors: Raines Deborah A. , Robinson Jenelle
Published: July 2018

A descriptive cohort study to determine new mothers’ preferred modality for educational materials, and if the format impacted the mothers’ perception of an evidenced-based practice safe sleep program. The sample included new mothers anticipating discharge from a mother–baby unit with their newborn. Participants responded to a four-item survey administered by a research assistant. Respondents’ self-reported preferred format for patient education was technology-based materials in both cohorts. The video teaching material as compared with the paper handout was rated significantly higher by participants. Modalities of patient education in health care organizations need to be consistent with the changing ways people are learning and accessing information in their everyday life.
Lenvatinib
Authors: Suyama Koichi , Iwase Hirotaka
Published: July 2018

Lenvatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR1-3), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1-4), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), stem cell factor receptor (KIT), and rearranged during transfection (RET). These receptors are important for tumor angiogenesis, and lenvatinib inhibits tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting function of these receptors. Phase I trials of lenvatinib were conducted at the same time in Japan, Europe, and the United States, and tumor shrinkage effects were observed in thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and colon cancer. Lenvatinib is a promising drug that has shown therapeutic effects against various solid tumors. Adverse events, such as hypertension, proteinuria, diarrhea, and delayed wound healing, can occur with lenvatinib treatment. Managing these adverse events is also important for the use of lenvatinib. In this mini-review article, we outline the current state, toxicity, and future prospects of lenvatinib toward thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and lung cancer.
Augmentation of Ouabain-Induced Increase in Heart Muscle Contractility by Akt Inhibitor MK-2206
Authors: Buzaglo Nahum , Golomb Mordechai , Rosen Haim , Beeri Ronen , Ami Hagit Cohen-Ben , Langane Fattal , Pierre Sandrine , Lichtstein David
Published: July 2018

Cardiac steroids (CSs), such as ouabain and digoxin, increase the force of contraction of heart muscle and are used for the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). However, their small therapeutic window limits their use. It is well established that Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition mediates CS-induced increase in heart contractility. Recently, the involvement of intracellular signal transduction was implicated in this effect. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that combined treatment with ouabain and Akt inhibitor (MK-2206) augments ouabain-induced inotropy in mammalian models. We demonstrate that the combined treatment led to an ouabain-induced increase in contractility at concentrations at which ouabain alone was ineffective. This was shown in 3 experimental systems: neonatal primary rat cardiomyocytes, a Langendorff preparation, and an in vivo myocardial infarction induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. Furthermore, cell viability experiments revealed that this treatment protected primary cardiomyocytes from MK-2206 toxicity and in vivo reduced the size of scar tissue 10 days post-LAD ligation. We propose that Akt activity imposes a constant inhibitory force on muscle contraction, which is attenuated by low concentrations of MK-2206, resulting in potentiation of the ouabain effect. This demonstration of the increase in the CS effect advocates the development of the combined treatment in CHF.
Speaking Silence: Definitional Dialogues in Abusive Lesbian Relationships
Authors: Giorgio Grace
Published: July 2018

Long-term, in-depth interviews with 11 abused lesbians and 10 domestic violence advocates reveal how lesbian victims struggle to define the relationship's abuse, their lesbian identity, and their own understanding of gendered violence in the context of cultural and institutional stigmatization of lesbians. By understanding abused lesbians’ silence as constitutive of their definitional dialogues about their relationships and the abuse, researchers and advocates can begin to determine who asserts definitional hegemony in the relationship. The author concludes by suggesting practical strategics that researchers and advocates can deploy to include abused lesbians in domestic violence theory, praxis, and services.
Olaratumab in the management of advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Zobniw Chrystia M , Trinh Van Anh , Posey Kristi , Somaiah Neeta
Published: July 2018

Olaratumab, the first-in-class anti-PDGFRα monoclonal antibody, has been contingently approved in combination with doxorubicin to treat adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma for improving progression-free and overall survival. Olaratumab–doxorubicin combination has tolerable safety profile, which mimics that of doxorubicin monotherapy, with the exception of infusion-related reactions. Survival data of an ongoing confirmatory phase 3 trial are forthcoming to ascertain the optimal role of this product in the management algorithm of advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Active research is ongoing to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical benefit to olaratumab, to expand its utility to the pediatric population, and to explore its safety and efficacy in combination with other active regimens.
Prescribing practices of veterinarians in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain in cats
Authors: Adrian Derek E , Rishniw Mark , Scherk Margie , Lascelles B Duncan X
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Despite the high prevalence and increasing awareness of chronic musculoskeletal pain in cats, approved treatment options are completely lacking in the USA, and few other options have sufficient safety and efficacy data. Knowledge of current prescribing practices should inform future research of putative therapies. We aimed to determine which drug and non-drug therapies were being used by general practitioners for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in cats and to understand demographic influences on prescribing practices.

Methods

We distributed a survey to 36,676 veterinarians who were members of the Veterinary Information Network in January 2017. Within 3 weeks, 1056 practitioners completed the survey. The survey included demographic and background information, questions on prescribing frequency and dosing regimen of 13 drug and non-drug therapies and questions on preferred medication formulations and dosing frequencies. Descriptive statistics were used, as well as χ2 testing to evaluate relationships between demographic variables and prescription practices.

Results

Gabapentin was prescribed most frequently (71% of respondents), followed by joint supplements (67.8%), meloxicam (64.0%), opioids (62.6%), fish oil (62.1%) and polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (61.9%). Years in practice appeared to influence prescribing habits, with practitioners graduated for >20 years prescribing glucocorticoids more frequently than other age groups ( P = 0.0002), whereas recent graduates (<1 year) reported prescribing therapies less frequently across all categories.

Conclusions and relevance

These results show a contrast between therapies prescribed by practitioners and what is supported by evidenced-based literature. Future research evaluating the safety and efficacy of gabapentin should be prioritised.
Patient Indications for Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Murray Christian , Sivajohanathan Duvaraga , Hanna Timothy P. , Bradshaw Scott , Solish Nowell , Moran Benvon , Hekkenberg Robert , Wei Alice C. , Petrella Teresa
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the present review was to describe evidence-based indications for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in patients with a diagnosis of skin cancer. Relevant studies were identified from a systematic MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews search of studies published from 1970 to 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective comparative studies with greater than 30 patients, and single-arm retrospective studies with multivariate analyses were included. A total of 2 RCTs, 3 prospective studies, and 16 retrospective studies (14 comparative and 2 single-arm) were included. Data on recurrence rate, cure rate, complications, cosmesis, and quality of life were extracted. Surgery (with postoperative or intraoperative marginal assessment) or radiation for those who are ineligible for surgery should remain the standard of care for patients with skin cancer given the lack of high-quality, comparative evidence. MMS is recommended for those with histologically confirmed recurrent basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the face and is appropriate for primary BCCs of the face that are >1 cm, have aggressive histology, or are located on the H zone of the face. The available evidence is difficult to generalize to all patients with skin cancer because the evidence did not adequately cover non-BCC skin cancers; however, those skin cancers can be considered on a case-by-case basis for MMS. MMS should be performed by physicians who have completed a degree in medicine or equivalent, including a Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada Specialist Certificate or equivalent, and have received advanced training in MMS.
A meta-ethnographic review of interprofessional teamwork in hospitals: what it is and why it doesn’t happen more often
Authors: Petit dit Dariel Odessa , Cristofalo Paula
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Although interprofessional teamwork has been shown to improve patient safety, it is not yet routine practice in most hospital settings. There is also a lack of clarity regarding what teamwork actually means, with terms such as collaboration, coordination, networking and knotworking often being used interchangeably. In this study, we analyse 20 years of qualitative research on interprofessional teamwork in hospital settings and examine what it looks like and the factors influencing it.

Methods

The literature search included articles published between 1996 and 2016, and articles were included if they examined interprofessional teamwork within a hospital using qualitative methodology. We used meta-ethnographic analysis of eligible primary studies applying reciprocal translation and line of argument synthesis.

Results

Nineteen articles were included. Interprofessional teamwork was largely absent in acute care and found to be influenced by systems perpetuating power imbalances, organizational practices that interfered with interprofessional interactions, representations of teamwork and leadership.

Conclusions

Future strategies to improve interprofessional practices should include policies and structural changes to develop healthcare systems that facilitate these practices.
How does knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test relate to adolescents’ situational motivation in physical education? A self-determination theory approach
Authors: Haerens Leen , Krijgsman Christa , Mouratidis Athanasios , Borghouts Lars , Cardon Greet , Aelterman Nathalie
Published: July 2018

Students’ knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test is a crucial component of assessment quality. Grounded in self-determination theory, we investigated whether knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test related to students’ situational motivation and experienced anxiety during physical education (PE). We also examined whether these relations were: (a) mediated by need-based experiences; and (b) moderated by teachers’ motivating style. Participants were 659 students (55.54% boys, 44.46% girls, mean age 14.72 years, standard deviation = 0.94) out of 40 classes from 32 schools taught by 39 different PE teachers. Analyses through multilevel structural equation modeling showed that students with more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test valued and enjoyed the lesson more (i.e. autonomous motivation), and felt less aloof (i.e. amotivation). Relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ situational motivation were mediated by experienced need satisfaction. Specifically, students who had more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test felt more in charge of their learning process (i.e. autonomy satisfaction), felt more effective in reaching their goals (i.e. competence satisfaction) and felt more connected to the teacher (i.e. relatedness satisfaction). Although relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ motivation were not moderated by teachers’ motivating style, teachers’ motivating style displayed independent relations with students’ motivation. Implications for assessment quality and students’ motivation in PE are discussed.
The compensatory effects of inner and outer controls
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut , Meško Gorazd
Published: July 2018

Internal and external controls have been firmly established as factors restraining criminal activity, but surprisingly little is known about their concrete interplay. Inspired by recent theoretical developments, such as Situational Action Theory or the life-course model of interdependence, this work addresses the question whether the crime-reducing impact of outer controls is conditioned by the level of inner controls. Analyses of a student survey from Slovenia reveal that external regulatory mechanisms exercise a greater effect when internal restraints decrease in size. This finding points to a compensatory relationship between controls located in different domains. Inner and outer controls may substitute for one another to a certain extent.
Surgical Upper Extremity Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients: A Comparative Analysis With Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations for Hand Surgeons
Authors: Mull Aaron B. , Sharma Ketan , Yu Jenny L. , Hsueh Kevin , Moore Amy M. , Fox Ida K.
Published: July 2018

Background: Immunosuppression is encountered in patients with oncologic, transplant, and autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for physicians treating surgical hand and upper extremity (UE) infections in immunosuppressed (IS) patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our database of patients presenting with UE infections over 3 years. IS patients were matched randomly to non-IS patients. Patient background, infection presentation, surgical evaluation, and microbiology variables were recorded. Infection variables included mechanism, location, and type. Outcomes included inpatient length of stay (LOS) and need for repeat drainage. Results: We identified 35 IS and 35 non-IS out of 409 UE infection patients. Patients most commonly had a hematologic malignancy (34%) as their IS class, and the most frequent immunosuppressive medication was glucocorticoids (57%). IS patients were more likely to be older and less likely to have a history of drug abuse or hepatitis C virus infections. IS infections were more likely to have idiopathic mechanisms, more likely to involve deeper anatomy such as joints, bone, tendon sheath, or muscle/fascia, and less likely to present with leukocytosis. IS cultures more commonly exhibited atypical Mycoplasma or fungus. There was no difference between IS and non-IS patients regarding LOS or recurrent drainage. Conclusions: Mechanism and white blood cell count are less reliable markers of infection severity in IS patients. Physicians treating infections in IS patients should maintain a higher suspicion for deeper involved anatomy and atypical microbiology. Nonetheless, with careful inpatient management and closer surveillance, outcomes in IS patients can approach that of non-IS patients.
Automated green innovation for computerized numerical-controlled machining design
Authors: Lan Tian-Syung , Chuang Kai-Chi , Chen Yee-Ming
Published: July 2018

With the development of manufacturing technology and strict international environmental regulations, green production has become an imperative research topic in the manufacturing industry. Because cutting is affected by several factors, the development of green processes is vital for automated cutting using machines. These factors are often subjective and are set up merely based on the manual and experience of engineers, reducing tool life and deteriorating tool precision; ultimately, this approach increases production costs and reduces production efficiency. Moreover, the ecological environment can be seriously affected. Furthermore, the parameters must be adjusted according to variations in the processing state, which is a considerable drawback for the automated cutting industry. In this study, we investigated the precision computerized numerical-controlled cutting process as an example. We first assessed the literature and investigated tool wear and cutting noise as quality standards for green computerized numerical-controlled cutting. The cutting depth, cutting speed, feed rate, and the tip of the center were selected as control parameters. The consistency of the results was verified through an expert questionnaire conducted using analytic hierarchy process, and the weighted values of the control parameters were obtained. Simultaneously, seven environmental efficiency elements of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and TRIZ 39 engineering parameters of the CSI project were used to establish the engineering parameters for the green production design. Furthermore, 40 inventive principles from a contradiction matrix were used to design an optimization strategy to develop and verify an innovation strategy of singular quality. Finally, the experimental results revealed that implementing the analytic hierarchy process coupled with the TRIZ innovative thinking mode and green production concept enables enterprises to reduce their consumption of raw materials and waste production during the design process. This approach effectively reduces the burden on the environment and thus facilitates industry competitiveness and sustainability.
Diabetes self-care management practices among insulin-taking patients
Authors: Gharaibeh Besher , Tawalbeh Loai Issa
Published: July 2018

Background

Diabetes self-care management (DSCM) is complex because various factors and relationships influence its processes.

Aims

This study aimed to identify the level of DSCM, compare the levels of self care between patients with type 1 and patients with type 2 diabetes, and identify significant predictors of self-care among Jordanian patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were taking insulin.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed using a convenience sample of 310 Jordanian patients. The Arabic translated version of the 40-item Diabetes Self-Management Scale was used to collect data.

Results

The type of diabetes ( t(310) = 4.81; p < .001) and the type of medications (insulin, or insulin and tablets) ( t(310) = 4.75; p < .001) significantly affected the level of self-care. Age ( t(296) = − 3.41; p = 0.001), gender ( t(296) = −4.78; p < 0.001) training in self-care ( t(296) = 4.30; p < .001), educational level ( t(296) = 2.81, P = .005) and using traditional treatment (herbal therapy) ( t(296) = −4.64, p < .001) significantly predicted self-care and explained around 58% of the variance in self-care.

Conclusions

Various factors were found to influence self-care. Further research is needed to explore the complex nature of DSCM.
The meaning of coping for kidney transplant recipients: a phenomenological study
Authors: Valizadeh Zare Najmeh , Mohammadi Eesa , Zarea Kourosh , Elahi Nasrin , Manzari Zahra
Published: July 2018

Background

The meaning of coping, which can be affected by the nature and type of stress and by individuals’ background and culture, has not been studied in the context of specific stress conditions, such as kidney transplant.

Aims

The present study aims to explore the meaning of coping for kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

Purposeful sampling was employed for this hermeneutic phenomenological study. Participants were nine kidney transplant recipients who had received treatment at specialised hospital centres in Mashhad and Ahwaz, Iran, in 2013. Data were collected from unstructured interviews and analysed using Van Manen’s approach.

Results

From 10 sub-themes emerged 4 major themes characterising the meaning of coping with renal transplantation: intelligent acceptance of changes, understanding the necessity of self-care, enduring, and understanding supportive encouragement.

Conclusions

The meaning of coping for kidney transplant recipients in Iran encompasses a wide range of cognitive, behavioural, psychological, spiritual and social dimensions. Relying on God’s eternal power and on imams emerged as major dimensions of the meaning of coping.
Should the Glidescope video laryngoscope be used first line for all oral intubations or only in those with a difficult airway? A review of current literature
Authors: Russell Terrie-Marie , Hormis Anil ,   The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to review literature that looked into the efficacy of the Glidescope video laryngoscope versus the Macintosh laryngoscope in oral endotracheal intubations. We aimed to answer the question ‘Should the Glidescope video laryngoscope laryngoscopes be used as first line intubation aids or only in the difficult airway?’ A systematic search of electronic databases was made. The inclusion criteria included: Glidescope, video laryngoscope, and Macintosh laryngoscope in human studies. The study aimed to compare first attempt success rate, glottic view and intubation time in papers dating between 2009 and 2017. Eleven trials with a total of 7,919 patients with both difficult and normal airways were included. The trials showed an improvement in first attempt success rate and glottic view with the Glidescope video laryngoscope especially in those with difficult airways. Overall time to intubate showed no significant differences between the Glidescope video laryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope although it was identified that with increased training and experience with the Glidescope video laryngoscope, intubation time was reduced. Glidescope video laryngoscopes show advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscopes in obtaining better glottic views in those with difficult airways. However its use is not supported in all routine intubations.
Colonial memories and transnational mobilizations: Asia’s colonial veterans and their struggle for British citizenship, c. 1980–2015
Authors: Laubenthal Barbara , Schumacher Daniel
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on campaigns by former colonial soldiers from Nepal and Hong Kong and their struggles for British citizenship over the last three decades. When analysing these mobilizations, we combine approaches from social movement research with insights from cultural memory studies. We use the concept of ‘relational fields’ to determine how these former colonial soldiers systematically utilized the past as a political framing device and thus revealed themselves to be not outsiders to the political system but equal players therein. We argue that their actions are best understood as a series of connected postcolonial civil rights campaigns that often reinforce rather than reverse romanticized and positivist representations of Britain’s imperial past. While in some instances colonial veterans were able to mount meaningful political interventions, our analysis shows that the veterans’ eventual acceptance into British society could only come at the price of their continued stereotyped depiction as colonial subjects.
Anthropogenic Disturbances Drive Domestic Dog Use of Atlantic Forest Protected Areas
Authors: Paschoal Ana M. O. , Massara Rodrigo L. , Bailey Larissa L. , Doherty Paul F. , Santos Paloma M. , Paglia Adriano P. , Hirsch André , Chiarello Adriano G.
Published: July 2018

Domestic dog is the most successful invasive mammalian predator species, and reducing its ecological impacts on wildlife is a central conservation goal globally. Free-ranging dogs can negatively interact with wildlife at multiple levels, posing issues for biodiversity conservation in tropical forests, especially in fragmented Atlantic Forest. To optimize future control programs, it is necessary to identify the main factors influencing their habitat use, particularly in natural reserves. We combined camera trapping data and occupancy models to characterize habitat use of dogs in six Atlantic Forest protected areas (134–36,000 ha). Our results show that dogs were more likely to use sites ([Formula: see text] ≥ 0.90) having higher housing density (≥4.00 houses/km2) or higher proportion of croplands and pasture (≥75%) relative to sites with no houses ([Formula: see text] = 0.23 ± 0.10) or lower proportion of croplands and pasture ([Formula: see text] = 0.34 ± 0.08). In addition, dogs had higher detection probability at camera locations on unpaved roads ([Formula: see text] = 0.33 ± 0.05) relative to off-road sites ([Formula: see text] = 0.18 ± 0.04), and in small protected areas with high housing density, that is, more disturbed sites, dogs had higher detection probabilities. Our findings indicate that the probability of dogs using a site within protected area is mainly driven by type and intensity of human activity in the surroundings. Given the urgent need to control free-ranging dogs within protected areas, we strongly recommend that managers target sites/areas within and near protected areas that have a rural housing density ≥ 4.00 houses/km2 or higher proportion of croplands and pasture (≥75%).
Impact of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Outcomes of Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Lee Yung-Jae , Wong Anni , Filimonov Andrey , Sangal Neel R. , Yeon Chung Sei , Hsueh Wayne D. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: July 2018

Background

Endoscopic pituitary surgery (EPS) is increasingly being used for the treatment of pituitary lesions. Obesity is a growing epidemic in our nation associated with numerous comorbidities known to impact surgical outcomes. We present a multi-institutional database study evaluating the association between body mass index (BMI) and postsurgical outcomes of EPS.

Methods

Patients who underwent EPS from 2005 to 2013 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Preoperative variables, comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes, such as 30-day complications, morbidity, and mortality, were analyzed.

Results

A total of 789 patients were analyzed, of which 382 were obese (BMI ≥ 30) (48.4%). No difference in reoperation rate ( P = .928) or unplanned readmission rates ( P = .837) was found between the obese versus nonobese group. A higher overall complication rate was observed in the obese group compared to the nonobese counterparts ( P = .005). However, when separated into surgical complications (3.7% vs 1.5%, P = .068) and medical complications (7.6% vs 3.9%, P = .027), only medical complications, specifically pneumonia, remained significantly different. EPS on obese patients was also associated with prolonged operating time (154.8 min vs 141.0 min, P = .011).

Conclusions

EPS may be a safe treatment option for pituitary lesions in the obese population. Although obese patients undergoing EPS are at increased risk of medical complications and prolonged operating times, this did not influence mortality, reoperation, or readmission rate.
Joint Fluid Proteome after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Reflects an Acute Posttraumatic Inflammatory and Chondrodegenerative State
Authors: King John D. , Rowland Grant , Villasante Tezanos Alejandro G. , Warwick James , Kraus Virginia B. , Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A.
Published: July 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the synovial fluid proteome following acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Design

This study represents a secondary analysis of synovial fluid samples collected from the placebo group of a previous randomized trial. Arthrocentesis was performed twice on 6 patients with an isolated acute ACL tear at a mean of 6 and 14 days postinjury. Synovial fluid was analyzed by a highly multiplexed assay of 1129 proteins (SOMAscan version 3, SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, CO). Pathway analysis using DAVID was performed; genes included met 3 criteria: significant change between the 2 study time points using a paired t test, significant change between the 2 study time points using a Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, and significant Benjamini post hoc analysis.

Results

Fifteen analytes demonstrated significant increases between time points. Five of the 15 have been previously associated with the onset and/or severity of rheumatoid arthritis, including apoliopoprotein E and isoform E3, vascular cell adhesion protein 1, interleukin-34, and cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1. Chondrodegenerative enzymes and products of cartilage degeneration all increased over time following injury: MMP-1 ( P = 0.08, standardized response mean [SRM] = 1.00), MMP-3 ( P = 0.05, SRM = 0.90), ADAM12 ( P = 0.03, SRM = 1.31), aggrecan ( P = 0.08, SRM = 1.13), and CTX-II ( P = 0.07, SRM = 0.56). Notable pathways that were differentially expressed following injury were the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and osteoclast differentiation pathways.

Conclusions

The proteomic results and pathway analysis demonstrated a pattern of cartilage degeneration, not only consistent with previous findings but also changes consistent with an inflammatory arthritogenic process post-ACL injury.
More evidence is needed. Iron, incident cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Hosking Diane E. , Ayton Scott , Beckett Nigel , Booth Andrew , Peters Ruth
Published: July 2018

Background:

Our aim was to systematically review the relationship between iron and incident cognitive decline or dementia from midlife onwards.

Methods:

Systematic review of eligible studies using Medline, Embase and PsycINFO® for the period from 1 January 1986 to 2 December 2016 (CRD42016023800), where study populations had a mean age of over 50 years and were free of cognitive impairment or dementia at baseline. Two authors independently extracted data according to eligibility criteria and assessed study characteristics, quality and outcomes. Disagreement was resolved by discussion.

Results:

A total of 1185 relevant records were identified with 12 full-text articles eligible for review. Six studies were excluded, leaving six texts to be included. Sample size ranged from 90 to 7173, with an average follow up of approximately 11.5 years. Baseline iron measures included brain iron ( n = 2), iron-related biomarkers in blood and plasma ( n = 2), and iron intake estimates from dietary records ( n = 2). Outcomes were dementia incidence ( n = 2) and longitudinal outcomes on neuropsychological tests ( n = 4). Bias was evident across studies in one or more of the following: recruitment, iron exposure, outcome assessments, potential confounders, missing data or attrition.

Conclusions:

Diversity across the small number of identified studies precludes conclusions regarding the role of iron in cognitive decline or dementia. Our review highlights substantial gaps in the evidence base and the need for more comprehensive, higher quality studies in this area.
Management dilemmas in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease
Authors: Condliffe R. , Clift P. , Dimopoulos K. , Tulloh R.M.R.
Published: July 2018

There are few randomised controlled data to guide management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH‐CHD). In this clinical review, common areas of uncertainty in the management of PAH‐CHD are identified, the literature is summarised and discussed and a suggested approach offered for each clinical dilemma.
Reliability of functional outcome measures in adults with neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Mullin Rebecca L , Golding John F , Smith Rebecca , Williams Victoria , Thomas Mary , Ferner Rosalie E
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

To determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of functional outcome measures in adults with neurofibromatosis 1 and to ascertain how closely objective and subjective measures align.

Methods:

A total of 49 ambulant adults with neurofibromatosis 1 aged 16 years and over were included in this observational study: median age 31 years (range: 16–66 years), 29 females, 20 males. Participants were video-recorded or photographed performing four functional outcome measures. Four raters from the neurofibromatosis centre multi-disciplinary team independently scored the measures to determine inter-rater reliability. One rater scored the measures a second time on a separate occasion to determine intra-rater reliability. The measures evaluated were the functional reach, timed up and go, 10 m walk and a modified nine-hole peg tests. Participants also completed a disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire.

Results:

Inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability scores (intra-class coefficient) were similar for each outcome measure. Excellent rater agreement (intra-class coefficient, r ⩾ 0.9) was found for the functional reach, timed up and go and the 10 m walk tests. Rater agreement was good for the modified nine-hole peg test: intra-class coefficient r = 0.75 for intra-rater reliability and 0.76 for inter-rater reliability. The timed up and go and the 10 m walk tests correlated highly with perceived mobility challenges in the quality-of-life questionnaire.

Conclusion:

The functional reach, timed up and go and 10 m walk tests are potentially useful outcome measures for monitoring neurofibromatosis 1 treatment and will be assessed in multi-centre and longitudinal studies.
Financial Stress and Drinking During the Transition to Adulthood: The Role of Parental Financial Support
Authors: Serido Joyce , Pollitt Amanda M. , Muraco Joel A. , Conger Katherine J. , Russell Stephen T.
Published: July 2018

We investigated the concurrent and prospective associations between financial stress and drinking during the transition to adulthood in the United States, drawing from two distinct stress and coping perspectives as competing explanations for the direction of associations: the Transactional Model of Stress and the Conservation of Resources (CoR) model. Because many emerging adults rely on continuing financial support from parents, we examined the role of parental support on these associations. We tested these associations using longitudinal structural equation modeling with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 9,026) collected at two time points: early emerging adulthood (ages 18–26) and 5 years later. Consistent with CoR, financial stress reduced concurrent drinking. Furthermore, parental financial support reduced adult children’s financial stress but increased drinking in early emerging adulthood. We discuss the findings in regard to facilitating the transition to adulthood.