bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coral
Acropora loripes
genome reveals an alternative pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in animals
Authors: Salazar Octavio R. , N. Arun Prasanna , Cui Guoxin , Bay Line K. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Webster Nicole S. , Aranda Manuel
Published: September 2022

The metabolic capabilities of animals have been derived from well-studied model organisms and are generally considered to be well understood. In animals, cysteine is an important amino acid thought to be exclusively synthesized through the transsulfuration pathway. Corals of the genus
Acropora
have lost cystathionine β-synthase, a key enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, and it was proposed that
Acropora
relies on the symbiosis with dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae for the acquisition of cysteine. Here, we identify the existence of an alternative pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in animals through the analysis of the genome of the coral
Acropora loripes
. We demonstrate that these coral proteins are functional and synthesize cysteine in vivo, exhibiting previously unrecognized metabolic capabilities of animals. This pathway is also present in most animals but absent in mammals, arthropods, and nematodes, precisely the groups where most of the animal model organisms belong to, highlighting the risks of generalizing findings from model organisms.
Systemic antibody responses against human microbiota flagellins are overrepresented in chronic fatigue syndrome patients
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Kalka Iris N. , Klompus Shelley , Leviatan Sigal , Weinberger Adina , Segal Eran
Published: September 2022

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease with an unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Both an involvement of the immune system and gut microbiota dysbiosis have been implicated in its pathophysiology. However, potential interactions between adaptive immune responses and the microbiota in ME/CFS have been incompletely characterized. Here, we profiled antibody responses of patients with severe ME/CFS and healthy controls against microbiota and viral antigens represented as a phage-displayed 244,000 variant library. Patients with severe ME/CFS exhibited distinct serum antibody epitope repertoires against flagellins of
Lachnospiraceae
bacteria. Training machine learning algorithms on this antibody-binding data demonstrated that immune responses against gut microbiota represent a unique layer of information beyond standard blood tests, providing improved molecular diagnostics for ME/CFS. Together, our results point toward an involvement of the microbiota-immune axis in ME/CFS and lay the foundation for comparative studies with inflammatory bowel diseases and illnesses characterized by long-term fatigue symptoms, including post–COVID-19 syndrome.
Bridging time scales of faulting: From coseismic to postseismic slip of the
M
w
6.0 2014 South Napa, California earthquake
Authors: Premus Jan , Gallovič František , Ampuero Jean-Paul
Published: September 2022

Transient fault slip spans time scales from tens of seconds of earthquake rupture to years of aseismic afterslip. So far, seismic and geodetic recordings of these two phenomena have primarily been studied separately and mostly with a focus on kinematic aspects, which limits our physical understanding of the interplay between seismic and aseismic slip. Here, we use a Bayesian dynamic source inversion method, based on laboratory-derived friction laws, to constrain fault stress and friction properties by joint quantitative modeling of coseismic and postseismic observations. Analysis of the well-recorded 2014 South Napa, California earthquake shows how the stressing and frictional conditions on the fault govern the spatial separation between shallow coseismic and postseismic slip, the progression of afterslip driving deep off-fault aftershocks, and the oblique ribbon-like rupture shape. Such inferences of stress and frictional rheology can advance our understanding of earthquake physics and pave the way for self-consistent cross-scale seismic hazard assessment.
Islet primary cilia motility controls insulin secretion
Authors: Cho Jung Hoon , Li Zipeng A. , Zhu Lifei , Muegge Brian D. , Roseman Henry F. , Lee Eun Young , Utterback Toby , Woodhams Louis G. , Bayly Philip V. , Hughes Jing W.
Published: September 2022

Primary cilia are specialized cell-surface organelles that mediate sensory perception and, in contrast to motile cilia and flagella, are thought to lack motility function. Here, we show that primary cilia in human and mouse pancreatic islets exhibit movement that is required for glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Islet primary cilia contain motor proteins conserved from those found in classic motile cilia, and their three-dimensional motion is dynein-driven and dependent on adenosine 5′-triphosphate and glucose metabolism. Inhibition of cilia motion blocks beta cell calcium influx and insulin secretion. Human beta cells have enriched ciliary gene expression, and motile cilia genes are altered in type 2 diabetes. Our findings redefine primary cilia as dynamic structures having both sensory and motile function and establish that pancreatic islet cilia movement plays a regulatory role in insulin secretion.
Role for
N
-glycans and calnexin-calreticulin chaperones in SARS-CoV-2 Spike maturation and viral infectivity
Authors: Yang Qi , Kelkar Anju , Sriram Anirudh , Hombu Ryoma , Hughes Thomas A. , Neelamegham Sriram
Published: September 2022

Functional and epidemiological data suggest that
N
-linked glycans on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein may contribute to viral infectivity. To investigate this, we created a panel of N-to-Q mutations at
N
-glycosylation sites proximal to the Spike S1-S2 (N61, N603, N657, and N616) and S2′ (N603 and N801) proteolysis sites. Some of these mutations, particularly N61Q and N801Q, reduced Spike incorporation into Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs). These mutations also reduced pseudovirus and VLP entry into ACE2-expressing cells by 80 to 90%. In contrast, glycan mutations had a relatively minor effect on cell surface expression of Spike, ACE2 binding, and syncytia formation. A similar dichotomy in function was observed when virus was produced in host cells lacking ER chaperones, calnexin and calreticulin. Here, while both chaperones regulated pseudovirus function, only VLPs produced in calnexin KOs were less infectious. Overall, Spike
N
-glycans are likely critical for SARS-CoV-2 function and could serve as drug targets for COVID-19.
Supplemental Material: Pre-agricultural soil erosion rates in the midwestern United States
Authors: Quarrier Caroline L. , Larsen Isaac J. , al. et
Published: September 2022

Methodological details, supplemental figures, and Tables S1–S9.  
Supplemental Material: Heavy Mo isotope composition of northern Bataan adakites, Philippines: Evidence for fore-arc subduction erosion?
Authors: Liu Hai-Quan , al. et
Published: September 2022

Geological background, sample information, methods, and supplemental discussion and tables. 
Spatiotemporally heterogeneous deformation, indirect tectonomagmatic links, and lithospheric evolution during orogenic activity coeval with an arc flare-up
Authors: Attia Snir , Paterson Scott R. , Jiang Dazhi , Miller Robert B.
Published: September 2022

Broad overlap between deformation and magmatism in active margins has spurred the development of a conceptual framework of direct tectonomagmatic links in both active and ancient arcs. Although widespread and highly influential, such models have only rarely been critically evaluated. Rigorously linking tectonism, geodynamics, lithospheric evolution, and arc activity requires detailed reconstructions of the spatiotemporal patterns of magmatism and deformation across both a sufficiently wide area and a range of observational scales. Herein, new constraints on the timing, extent, and characteristics of deformation during mid-Cretaceous tectonism in the central Sierra Nevada (eastern California, USA) are synthesized with published geologic mapping, structural studies, and geochronology to create an updated reconstruction of one of the type examples of a hot, magma-rich orogen. Tilted strata, tectonic fabrics, and shear zones with variable geometries, kinematics, intensity, and timing reveal a significantly revised record of ~25 m.y. of heterogeneous deformation ca. 105–80 Ma. Deformation and magmatism show distinct and unrelated spatiotemporal patterns throughout this orogenic episode. Contrary to previous models of direct tectonomagmatic links, many of which were developed in the central Sierra Nevada, arc activity did not control the location, intensity, or kinematics of intra-arc deformation, nor did shear zones control the location of magmatism. Furthermore, arc lithosphere appears to have strengthened, rather than weakened, as the arc-orogenic flare-up proceeded. In addition to changing plate-scale boundary conditions, lithospheric-scale rheological evolution likely played a key role in the patterns of Late Cretaceous deformation observed across strike of the entire Cordilleran margin.
The effects of pre-stress assumptions on dynamic rupture with complex fault geometry in the San Gorgonio Pass, California, region
Authors: Tarnowski Jennifer M. , Kyriakopoulos Christodoulos , Oglesby David D. , Cooke Michele L. , Stern Aviel
Published: September 2022

We use three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic finite-element models to investigate potential rupture paths of earthquakes propagating along faults through the western San Gorgonio Pass, a structurally complex region along the San Andreas fault system in southern California (USA). We focus on the right-lateral San Bernardino strand of the San Andreas fault system, the oblique thrust–right-lateral San Gorgonio Pass fault zone, and a portion of the right-lateral Garnet Hill strand of the San Andreas fault system. We use the 3-D finite-element method to model rupture propagation along a fault geometry that reflects current understanding of the local geometrical complexity and is consistent with long-term loading and observed surface deformation. We test three different types of pre-stress assumptions: (1) constant tractions (assuming pure right-lateral strike-slip motion on the San Bernardino and Garnet Hill strands and oblique thrust–right-lateral strike-slip motion on the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone), (2) a uniform regional stress regime, and (3) long-term (evolved) stress from quasi-static crustal deformation modeling. Our results imply that under the more realistic regional stress and evolved stress assumptions, throughgoing rupture propagation from the southeast to northwest (i.e., from the Garnet Hill to the San Bernardino strand) may be more likely than throughgoing rupture in the reverse direction (from the San Bernardino to the Garnet Hill strand). The results may have implications for the earthquake potential in the region as well as for ground motion in the Los Angeles Basin. The results also emphasize how fault geometry and stress patterns combine to influence rupture propagation on complex fault systems.
Determination of the Heating Rate and Temperature of an Ion Chain in a Linear Paul Trap by the Dephasing of Rabi Oscillations
Authors: Semenin N. V. , Borisenko A. S. , Zalivako I. V. , Semerikov I. A. , Aksenov M. D. , Khabarova K. Yu. , Kolachevsky N. N.
Published: September 2022

The optimization of the parameters of laser cooling and the investigation of the heating rate in ion traps require the measurement of the temperature of ion chains for which the Lamb–Dicke regime is satisfied. A novel method based on the investigation of the dynamics of Rabi oscillations at a narrow electron transition in an individual ion of the chain has been suggested for such measurement. An analytical expression for the population of the upper state as a function of the excitation time is derived taking into account the thermal distribution of phonons over the vibrational modes of a chain with an arbitrary number of ions. The method is tested experimentally for the chain of five $$^{{171}}{\text{Y}}{{{\text{b}}}^{ + }}$$ ions using the quadrupole transition at 435 nm, as well as for a single ion. The heating rate measured for the axial vibrational mode in the implemented trap is 8 × 103 phonons/s.
Evolution of the Reaction Front Shape and Structure on Flame Acceleration and Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition
Authors: Krivosheyev P. N. , Novitski A. O. , Penyazkov O. G.
Published: September 2022

Flame acceleration (FA) and the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) are among the most interesting and exciting phenomena in the field of combustion and explosion of gases. From both practical and theoretical points of view, it is important to understand the basic laws governing these phenomena as well as the physical and/or chemical mechanisms and features of the process. High-speed flame-front photography during the deflagration of a premixed gas mixture in a long smooth tube with transparent walls was performed. A stoichiometric mixture of acetylene with oxygen diluted with argon by 25% is used. The experiments are carried out in a transparent cylindrical tube with an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 6 meters. The evolution of the structure and shape of the flame front from the moment of initiation of deflagration by a weak ignition source to the formation of a detonation wave is determined. Four characteristic phases of the propagation process are distinguished: at the first stage, the flame accelerates, then slows down, followed by flame propagation at an almost constant speed, and finally repeated acceleration, during which detonation is formed. It is shown how the dynamics of the process changes with a change in the initial pressure of the mixture. The most interesting and poorly studied stage of the DDT, the stage of intensive reacceleration, during which the flame abruptly changes shape, is described in detail.
Improving epinephrine autoinjector usability and carriage frequency among patients at risk of anaphylaxis: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Ziyar Ahdad , Kwon Jimmy , Li Arthur , Naderi Asal , Jean Tiffany
Published: September 2022

Although epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs) are crucial for the management of anaphylaxis, patient carriage frequency of EAI is as low as 57% and usage of EAIs is erroneous 35%–43% of the time. Our objective was to improve patient carrying frequency of EAI and understanding of EAI usage.

We implemented a quality improvement initiative using consistent closed-loop education, redesigned clinic workflow, electronic medical record reminder-based interventions, and educational materials to improve patient EAI carriage compliance and understanding of EAI indications and proper technique.

The percentage of our patients who carried the EAI at all times increased from 55% to 93% in 6 months. Participants knowledge of EAI indications also improved from 22% to 91%. Patient demonstration scores of the EAI device improved from 21% to 91% as well.

Our quality improvement interventions demonstrated a significant improvement>80% in EAI carriage frequency, knowledge of indications, and proper device technique.
Barrett’s oesophagus with indefinite for dysplasia shows high rates of prevalent and incident neoplasia in a UK multicentre cohort
Authors: Kopczynska Maja , Ratcliffe Elizabeth , Yalamanchili Harika , Thompson Anna , Nimri Adib , Britton James , Ang Yeng
Published: September 2022

Aims

Barrett’s oesophagus with indefinite for dysplasia (IDD) carries a risk of prevalent and incident dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This study seeks to determine the risk of neoplasia in a multicentre prospective IDD cohort, along with determining adherence to British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management and histology reporting.

Methods

This was a cohort study using prospectively collected data from pathology databases from two centres in the North West of England (UK). Cases with IDD were identified over a 10-year period. Data were obtained on patient demographics, Barrett’s endoscopy findings and histology, outcomes and histological reporting.

Results

102 biopsies with IDD diagnosis in 88 patients were identified. Endoscopy was repeated in 78/88 (88%) patients. 12/78 progressed to low-grade dysplasia (15% or 2.6 per 100 person years), 6/78 (7.7%, 1.3 per 100 person years) progressed to high-grade dysplasia and 6/78 (7.7%, 1.3 per 100 person years) progressed to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The overall incidence rate for progression to any type of dysplasia was 5.1 per 100 person years. Cox regression analysis identified longer Barrett’s segment, multifocal and persistent IDD as predictors of progression to dysplasia. Histology reporting did not meet 100% adherence to the BSG histology reporting minimum dataset prior to or after the introduction of the guidelines.

Conclusions

IDD carries significant risk of progression to dysplasia or neoplasia. Therefore, careful diagnosis and management aided by clear histological reporting of these cases is required to diagnose prevalent and incident neoplasia.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of major adverse cardiac events following coronary revascularisation
Authors: Jung Richard G , Abdel-Razek Omar , Di Santo Pietro , Gillmore Taylor , Stotts Cameron , Makwana Dwipen , Soriano Joelle , Moreland Robert , Verreault-Julien Louis , Goh Cheng Yee , Parlow Simon , Sypkes Caleb , Ramirez Daniel F , Sadek Mouhannad , Chan Vincent , Toeg Hadi , Simard Trevor , Froeschl Michael P V , Labinaz Marino , Hibbert Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a highly prevalent arrhythmia with significant burden on morbidity and mortality. The impact of AF in the revascularised population remains incompletely described. Given the high prevalence of AF in the revascularised population, we sought to evaluate the incidence and prognosis in patients with pre-existing and new-onset AF following revascularisation.

Methods

We used the University of Ottawa Heart Institute Revascularisation Registry to identify patients who underwent revascularisation between August 2015 and March 2020, who were prospectively followed for an average of one year. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analysing the association between AF and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularisation and cerebrovascular accidents. Moreover, secondary outcomes include the individual components of MACE and bleeding.

Results

A total of 6704 patients underwent revascularisation and completed 1-year clinical follow-up. Median time to follow-up was 12.8 (IQR 11.2–15.9) months. One-year MACE occurred in 166 (21.8%) and 683 (11.5%) patients in AF and non-AF groups, respectively (adjusted HR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.01; p<0.0001). AF was independently predictive of 1-year mortality, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularisation, cerebrovascular accident and bleeding. Within 1 year, 299 (4.5%) episodes of new-onset AF was observed. New-onset AF following revascularisation was also associated with 1-year MACE, mortality, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and unplanned revascularisation.

Conclusions

Preprocedural and new-onset AF following revascularisation remains highly predictive 1-year MACE. AF should be considered in addition to traditional risk factors for adverse outcomes following revascularisation.
Prospective, multicentre study of screening, investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Loan James J M , Tominey Steven , Baweja Kirun , Woodfield Julie , Chambers Thomas J G , Haley Mark , Kundu Simran S , Tang H Y Josephine , Wiggins Anthony N , Poon Michael T C , Brennan Paul M
Published: September 2022

Background

Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, its clinical significance and optimal management are uncertain. We audited the screening, investigation and management of hyponatraemia after SAH.

Methods

We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or Ireland. We reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge, 21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L). Main outcomes were death/dependency at discharge or 21 days and admission duration >10 days. Associations of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission duration. We assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox regression.

Results

175/407 (43%) patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia. 5976 serum sodium measurements were made. Serum osmolality, urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166 (18%) hyponatraemic patients with complete data. The most frequently target daily fluid intake was >3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes. 26% (n/N=42/164) patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation. 133 (35%) patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240 (68%) patients had hospital admission for over 10 days. In the multivariable analyses, hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.35 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.69)) but longer admissions (aOR=3.2 (1.8 to 5.7)). World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I–III, modified Fisher 2–4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of hyponatraemia.

Conclusions

In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH, hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and, for most patients, was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome. This work establishes a basis for the development of evidence-based SAH-specific guidance for targeted screening, investigation and management of high-risk patients to minimise the impact of hyponatraemia on admission duration and to improve consistency of patient care.
Perennial grain Kernza® fields have higher particulate organic carbon at depth than annual grain fields
Authors: van der Pol Laura K. , Nester Brian , Schlautman Brandon , Crews Timothy E. , Cotrufo M. Francesca
Published: September 2022

Conversion from annual to perennial grains such as intermediate wheatgrass Kernza® could sequester soil organic carbon (SOC). To date, no studies have quantified SOC under Kernza on working farms. We sampled three sites with paired fields under annual grains and converted to Kernza 5–17 years ago to 100 cm and compared their SOC stocks as distributed between mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM). POM-C was higher under Kernza cultivation but total and MAOM-C were similar. Our findings suggest that Kernza increases SOC at depth as POM. Further study is needed to assess whether this will result in long-term SOC sequestration.
Effects of Gas Diffusion Layer Substrates on PEFC Water Management: Part II. In Situ Liquid Water Removal via Evaporation
Authors: Xu Hong , Bührer Minna , Marone Federica , Schmidt Thomas J. , Büchi Felix N. , Eller Jens
Published: September 2022

Desaturation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is a critical operation step for providing cell cold-start performance by minimizing residual water in the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), flow field (FF) channels, catalyst layers and membrane after cell shutdown. In this work, transient liquid water removal processes in the FF channels and GDLs are visualized and quantified by subsecond in situ X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM), and correlated to high frequency resistance (HFR) measurements of the cell. Time-resolved desaturation profiles are analyzed for three commercially available GDLs with representative substrate dimensions. The influence of different substrates on the GDL desaturation behavior is investigated with a cluster connectivity analysis and saturation-dependent effective diffusivities are determined by numerical simulations. Characteristic drying phases are identified for the HFR curves and confirmed with XTM imaging results, providing fundamental understanding of the desaturation dynamics in the PEFCs and enabling the optimization of GDL substrates and gas purge protocols accordingly.
Platinum and Cerium-Zirconium Oxide Co-Doped Membrane for Mitigated H2 Crossover and Ionomer Degradation in PEWE
Authors: Zhang Zheyu , Han Zongyi , Testino Andrea , Gubler Lorenz
Published: September 2022

The use of thinner membranes in polymer electrolyte water electrolysis increases the likelihood of forming an explosive H2/O2 mixture in the anode stream. Doping Pt nanoparticles into a Nafion membrane as recombination catalyst effectively lowers the hydrogen crossover. Here, we propose the additional co-doping of cerium-zirconium oxide as radical scavenger to mitigate membrane degradation. Our results show over 4-fold reduction of anodic hydrogen content compared to a non-doped membrane, and a nearly 3-fold decrease of fluoride release rate compared to the membrane with only Pt-doping at 80 °C and differential pressure (p
c = 3 bar, p
a = 1 bar) operation.
Deformable Triphase Tin-Aluminium-Bismuth Anodes for Rechargeable Magnesium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Wenrun , Song Meijia , Yu Bin , Tan Fuquan , Yang Wanfeng , Cheng Guanhua , Gao Hui , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: September 2022

Sn-based anodes for magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) arouse considerable interests, but are restrained by severe failure associated with poor electrochemical reactivity and massive volume changes during cycling. Herein, a multiphase alloying strategy is proposed to improve the electrochemical performance of Sn-based anodes through introducing an active Bi phase and an inactive Al phase to trigger the alloying reaction of Sn with Mg and accommodate large volume variations. A series of triphase Sn–Al–Bi alloys with different compositions were fabricated via a melting-solidification method. The significant performance improvement of the triphase Sn–Al–Bi electrodes stems from the interdigitated phase distribution accelerating Mg2+ ions transport and the multiphase buffering matrix alleviating the structural damage during cycling. Specially, the Sn55Al40Bi5 electrode exhibits attractive deformation capability, moderate areal specific capacity and long-term cycling stability up to 1000 cycles. Additionally, operando X-ray diffraction was performed to unveil the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanisms of the Sn-Al-Bi electrodes. Noticeably, the Sn-Al-Bi electrodes show good compatibility with simple Mg salt electrolytes such as Mg(TFSI)2 in a full cell.
Reports from the Frontier
Authors: Cushing Scott
Published: September 2022

ECS Interface is proud to introduce a new feature page that focuses on the award-winning research of ECS graduate students.
Selective Wet and Dry Etching of NiO over β-Ga2O3
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Xia Xinyi , Li Jian-Sian , Ren Fan , Pearton S. J.
Published: September 2022

Patterning of NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunctions requires development of selective wet and dry etch processes. Solutions of 1:4 HNO3:H2O exhibited measurable etch rates for NiO above 40 °C and activation energy for wet etching of 172.9 kJ.mol−1 (41.3 kCal.mol−1, 1.8 eV atom−1), which is firmly in the reaction-limited regime. The selectivity over β-Ga2O3 was infinite for temperatures up to 55 °C. The strong negative enthalpy for producing the etch product Ga(OH)4 suggests HNO3-based wet etching of NiO occurs via formation and dissolution of hydroxides. For dry etching, Cl2/Ar Inductively Coupled Plasmas produced etch rates for NiO up to 800 Å.min−1, with maximum selectivities of <1 over β-Ga2O3. The ion energy threshold for initiation of etching of NiO was ∼55 eV and the etch mechanism was ion-driven, as determined the linear dependence of etch rate on the square root of ion energy incident on the surface.
Capillary communication: the role of capillaries in sensing the tissue environment, coordinating the microvascular, and controlling blood flow
Authors: Murrant Coral L. , Fletcher Nicole M.
Published: September 2022

Historically, capillaries have been viewed as the microvascular site for flux of nutrients to cells and removal of waste products. Capillaries are the most numerous blood vessel segment within the tissue, whose vascular wall consists of only a single layer of endothelial cells and are situated within microns of each cell of the tissue, all of which optimizes capillaries for the exchange of nutrients between the blood compartment and the interstitial space of tissues. There is, however, a growing body of evidence to support that capillaries play an important role in sensing the tissue environment, coordinating microvascular network responses, and controlling blood flow. Much of our growing understanding of capillaries stems from work in skeletal muscle and more recent work in the brain, where capillaries can be stimulated by products released from cells of the tissue during increased activity and are able to communicate with upstream and downstream vascular segments, enabling capillaries to sense the activity levels of the tissue and send signals to the microvascular network to coordinate the blood flow response. This review will focus on the emerging role that capillaries play in communication between cells of the tissue and the vascular network required to direct blood flow to active cells in skeletal muscle and the brain. We will also highlight the emerging central role that disruptions in capillary communication may play in blood flow dysregulation, pathophysiology, and disease.
Occurrence Characteristics and Threshold Pore Throat Radius of Movable Fluids for Dolomite Intercrystalline Pores of Lacustrine Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Tingjing , Zheng Yongxian , Cui Jun , Fu Juerong , Wang Chao , Yu Xiaofeng
Published: September 2022

The reservoir evaluation and classification are restrained by the progress of research on the pore structure and fluid occurrence in dolomite intercrystalline pores of the Paleogene lacustrine carbonate rock in the western Qaidam Basin. The experimental method adopted to investigate the fluid occurrence of the lacustrine carbonate rock in the study area can be used as a reference for studying tight reservoirs. By integrating technical approaches such as the thin-section petrographic analysis, SEM, electron probe, mercury injection test, and NMR test, this research studies the petrology, pore type and distribution, and pore structure of the reservoir. Moreover, the pore fluid distribution and threshold pore throat radius for the distribution of movable fluids are investigated by integrating the centrifuging treatment and NMR characterization. Results show that pores of samples in the study area are dolomite intercrystalline pores, intercrystalline dissolved pores, framework dissolved pores of algal limestone (dolostone), dissolved pores of saline minerals, and interlayer fractures, among which dolomite intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline dissolved pores are found with the highest proportions (60%). The dolomite intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline dissolved pores are nano-micropore throats with a narrow distribution. Their capillary pressure curve is characterized by a high plateau and negative skewness, while the NMR relaxation time spectrum is left-skewed and presents higher bond water saturation (over 65%). For intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline dissolved pores, the main storage space for movable fluids is provided by small and medium pores (corresponding to the NMR relaxation time of 1–10 ms and 10–100 ms, respectively), and the experimentally determined threshold pore throat radius for movable fluids is 47 nm. The reservoir is hydrophilic and therefore movable fluids mainly occur in the centers of pores. The samples with higher proportions of coarse pores and pore connectivity are associated with higher proportions of movable fluids. Our analysis shows the dolomite intercrystalline pore has a certain storage capacity and yet inferior connectivity; the proportion of movable fluids that can effectively flow is key to evaluating the effectiveness of reservoirs with dolomite intercrystalline pores.
Development and Validation of a Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation-Related Gene Signature as Prognostic Biomarker for Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Ning Lidong , Zhao Guanyan , Xie Changji , Lan Huan , Chen Jiefei , Tan Hu , Wei ChengCong , Zhou Zhiyu
Published: September 2022

Aim. To explore whether the liquid-liquid phase separation- (LLPS-) related genes were potential prognostic markers that could contribute to the further classification of low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods. The LLPS-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. The univariable, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariable stepwise Cox regression analyses were performed to develop an LLPS-related gene signature (GS) in the discovery data set. The biological characteristics of the high-risk LGG were explored using gene set enrichment analysis. Two independent external data sets were used to validate the LLPS-related GS. Results. LLPS-related genes are involved in multiple important cancer-related biological processes and pathways in LGG. Nine LLPS-related genes were identified to construct the LLPS-related GS, which was significantly associated with the prognosis of LGG patients. The LLPS-related GS could successfully divide patients with LGG into high- and low-risk groups, and the high-risk group showed a poorer prognosis than the low-risk group. Furthermore, the LLPS-related GS was independent of IDH and 1p19q status. Several cancer-related pathways may be more active in high-risk LGGs, such as IL6 JAK STAT3 signaling pathway. The LLPS-related GS was successfully validated with two independent external data sets. Conclusion. We developed and validated a novel LLPS-related GS for risk stratification of LGG. Our findings may provide more precise management for LGGs and a useful reference for LLPS mechanism to link LGG studies.
Solving the Location Selection Problem of Self‐Service Stores from the Perspectives of Sustainability and Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Hao , Hou Yuan , Feng Huixia , Xu Chenglin
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an improved method for selecting a specific location in the development of convenience stores in municipal areas. This method solves the problem of self‐service store location from the perspective of sustainability and uncertainty and adequately considers the characteristics of individual locations with the proposition of an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm. The example presented shows that the improved algorithm has obvious advantages in facilitating the selection of convenience stores with respect to the search precision, stability, and convergence. Based on the macroenvironment, income, and cost, this work establishes a relatively complex, complete, and targeted mathematical model. Finally, taking the Xiaonanzhuang area of Suzhou Street in Beijing as an example, the scientificity, feasibility, and sustainability of the location model are verified.
[Retracted] The Effect of Fu’s Subcutaneous Needling Combined with Reperfusion Approach on Surface Electromyography Signals in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis and Neck Pain: A Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Peng Junliang , Yang Jiaen , Feng Jiaqi , Zhou Guangjin , Dong Li , Lin Rong , Wang Dong
Published: September 2022

Background. Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases. Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy is a special acupuncture method that targets muscle trigger points. It has been proven to have a positive effect on the treatment of neck pain. The access to its curative effect may be related to the improvement of muscle and soft tissue condition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy for patients with neck pain by collecting changes in the sEMG of the patient’s neck muscles and related data from evaluation scales and explore the feasibility and safety of Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy for neck pain. Methods. 72 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into FSN group and acupuncture group for corresponding treatment. FSN group was treated once every other day for 5 consecutive treatments; the acupuncture group was treated once a day for 10 consecutive treatments. Result. Outcome indicators were measured at baseline, after the first treatment and the end of the treatment. Primary outcome indicators: average EMG (AEMG) and (mean power frequency) MPF of sternocleidomastoid muscle and superior trapezius muscle. Secondary outcome indicators: Mc Gill pain questionnaire (MPQ), neck disability index (NDI), and adverse reactions. Conclusions. This study will explore the efficacy, safety, and possible mechanism of Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy for patients with neck pain, thus to provide more evidence support for clinical decision‐making. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Register Center (registration number ChiCTR2100043529).
Visual Resolve of Modern Educational Technology Based on Artificial Intelligence under the Digital Background
Authors: Hong Xueqiong , Wang Lin
Published: September 2022

With the development of Internet technology and the arrival of the knowledge-driven era, the breadth and depth of educational informatization are increasing day by day. Educational technology is not only a subject but also a career adapted to education and teaching. The growth speed of modern educational technology and the size of its benefits determine its management level to a large extent. With new technologies, new ideas, and new social needs, it is difficult for new ideas, new thoughts, and new methods to make the traditional e-learning management to accommodate the demands of the new era. At present, the work efficiency of modern educational technology visualization systems is generally not high, and modern distance teaching has an increasing demand for management informatization. However, there is a lack of a management platform for distance education that adapts to organizational characteristics such as openness, dynamics, flexibility, individualization, and decentralization. Therefore, this study introduces machine learning and BP neural network, establishes a visual modern distance teaching management system model, and uses machine learning algorithms to learn the visual process. The experimental results show that the system efficiency after learning is higher, and the time required for visualization of different groups in the experiment is 14.32 s, 13.18 s, 12.27 s, and 13.64 s, respectively, which effectively improves the efficiency of visualization and reduces the consumption of human resources.
An Algorithm for Locating the Educational Function of Rural Primary Schools under the Background of Rural Revitalization by Neural Networking
Authors: Wang Na
Published: September 2022

The functional orientation of agricultural primary schools in China has not been “rewritten” under the Rural Revitalization Strategy but has been given new connotation and new requirements. With the help of qualitative research design, taking three representative agricultural primary schools as the research field, a semistructured interview was conducted with 12 teachers engaged in management, teaching, and scientific research. According to the analysis of NVivo data, the Rural Revitalization Strategy promotes the expansion of agricultural primary schools in the four functional areas of teaching, scientific research, social services and cultural inheritance, and innovation, that is, to provide the “three rural” identity and value construction of agricultural primary school students under the curriculum reform; build first-class disciplines and first-class research and become the booster of Rural Revitalization; create a “decent” campus culture for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; and cultivate new talents with morality, feelings, knowledge and ability.
Design and Implementation of Music Teaching System Based on J2EE
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Liang Shuo
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the quality and management efficiency of music education, research on the music education system based on J2EE is carried out. The music education system adopts J2EE technology, UML modeling technology, SQL Server 2012 database, Web programming technology, MVC mode, etc., which can effectively guarantee the operation performance and security performance of the system in the later application. By analyzing the background, current situation, and demand for the music education system, the design and implementation of the music education system based on J2EE are proposed, the overall realization of system management functions, music teaching management functions, music course management functions, and other functions.
Effect of Vaccination and Culling on the Dynamics of Rabies Transmission from Stray Dogs to Domestic Dogs
Authors: Hailemichael Demsis Dejene , Edessa Geremew Kenassa , Koya Purnachandra Rao
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the population dynamics of rabies-infected dogs are studied. The mathematical model is constructed by dividing the dog population into two categories: stray dogs and domestic dogs. On the other hand, the rabies virus is likely to spread in both populations. In the current model, disease-controlling strategies such as vaccination and culling are applied, and their impact is studied. Both subpopulations of susceptible individuals are vaccinated to control disease spread. The current study assumes that stray dogs can transmit rabies to domestic dogs but not the other way around. Because domestic dogs are under the control of their owners, they are well vaccinated. The model is medically and analytically correct because the findings are idealistic and limited. The next-generation matrix technique is used to compute the effective reproductive amount, and also, each parameter is subjected to sensitivity analysis. The equilibrium point free from disease is discovered, demonstrating that it was asymptotically steady locally and globally. A conditionally global asymptotically stable point of endemic equilibrium is also discovered using the Lyapunov function method. The numerical simulation, which makes use of approximations for parameter values, shows that the most efficient method for avoiding rabies transmission is a combination of vaccination and the culling of infected stray dogs. Using MATLAB’s ode45, this numerical simulation investigation was carried out. Our early findings indicated that the annual dog birth rate is a critical factor in influencing the occurrence of rabies. In the body of the paper, the findings and discussion are organized logically.
Endovascular Repair of the Thoracic Aorta Combined with Drug Therapy in Acute Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Wei Li , Meng Yan , Zhang Guofeng , Qin Hao
Published: September 2022

Objective. This study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) combined with Best Medical Therapy (BMT) in acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Methods. Using the random method, 90 patients admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and January 2020 with acute uncomplicated TBAD were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 45 cases in each of the groups. The effectiveness of BMT combined with TEVAR treatment was compared. Results. The incidence of recent adverse reactions did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the 1-year survival rate and 2-year survival rate of patients in the study group were considerably higher. In order to examine the relationship between survival and time, the Kaplan-Meier curve was used. Both groups reached the median survival time after 24 months of follow-up. The expected survival time of the study group was longer than that of the control group. False lumen thrombosis or absence of thrombus was significantly more prevalent in the study group than in the control group. Conclusion. For patients with acute uncomplicated TBAD, BMT combined with TEVAR can significantly improve the long-term survival rate and increase the expected survival time.
Novel Method in Induction Heating for Complex Steel Plate Deformation Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Xuan Hai Nguyen Dao , Truong Thinh Nguyen
Published: September 2022

The implementation of an artificial neural network for predicting induction heating region locations is proposed in this research. Steel plate deformations during the induction heating process are produced using an analytical solution derived from electromagnetic and plate theory. The plate transform following vertical displacements in each divided area was used as input of neural following desired shape of the steel plate and the specified heating areas for induction treatment as output parameters to predict and evaluate the model. A dataset used 90% for training and remaining 10% for testing to implement on the efficient models when changing hidden layer and its neurons relatively. The trial and error for analyzing and predicting heating‐affected regions with the ANNs model reached the high average accuracy and lowest mean square error at 98.08% and 0.00913, respectively. Consequently, the feasibility test indicates that the developed approach may be well utilized to identify the heating positions by grid area in order to achieve the desired plate deformation. Moreover, the analysis of vertical displacement during induction heating and its response behaviour of steel plate based on thermo‐mechanical are also addressed.
Characterization Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Chaetoceros calcitrans
Authors: Anith Jose R. , Devina Merin D. , Arulananth T. S. , Shaik Nagaraju
Published: September 2022

The marine microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans were used in the synthesis of silver or argentum nanoparticles. The reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles is observed in marine microalgae. The silver nanoparticles have a good imperative role in technological fields. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine microalgae is a green nanotechnological method. The silver nanoparticle characterization is then carried out. The presence of silver nanoparticles is confirmed by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, and X‐ray diffractometry were used for the characterization analysis of synthesized silver nanoparticles. The research on the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles is made to analyze the antagonistic nature against pathogenic organisms.
Construction of Hotel Resource Information Platform Based on the Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Meng Yi
Published: September 2022

In order to meet the expectations and needs of hotel managers and hotel occupants, the author proposes a smart hotel system based on the six-domain model of the Internet of things. The system has designed the intelligent hotel guest control unified management cloud platform in detail, including hotel management, guest room management, equipment management, scene management, authority management, system management, Tmall wizard docking, WeChat applet interface, and MQTT client; we design a smart hotel room controller (RCU) hardware system based on Espressif ESP32 (WiFi Soc) and realize centralized management and control of curtains, lamps, air conditioners, and other equipment in hotel rooms; RCU connects to the MQTT server through WiFi and exchanges and controls data with the cloud intelligent platform by means of message subscription and publishing. At the same time, the equipment set of RCU can be arbitrarily cut and added according to the actual hotel scene, and the logic control function can be reconstructed and designed according to the user’s personalized requirements. In addition, considering the edge-cloud computing processing scheme, the framework of the system is designed and the software to simulate the edge-cloud computing system is finally used; the system simulation results show that the total failure rate of the edge-cloud computing structure is less than 5%, and the processing time of the task is relatively short. Conclusion. It can meet the needs of diversified application scenarios of smart hotels.