bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating smoking, obesity, insulin resistance, and ovarian biomarker changes to the final menstrual period
Authors: Sowers MaryFran R. , McConnell Daniel , Yosef Matheos , Jannausch Mary L. , Harlow Sioban D. , Randolph, Jr John F.
Published: September 2010

To determine if smoking, obesity, and insulin resistance mediated age at final menstrual period (FMP), we examined anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) as biomarkers of changing follicle status and ovarian aging. We performed a longitudinal data analysis from a cohort of premenopausal women followed to their FMP. Our results found that smokers had an earlier age at FMP (P < 0.003) and a more rapid decline in their AMH slope relative to age at FMP (P < 0.002). Smokers had a lower baseline inhibin B level relative to age at the FMP than nonsmokers (P= 0.002). Increasing insulin resistance was associated with a shorter time to FMP (P < 0.003) and associations of obesity and time to FMP were observed (P= 0.004, in model with FSH). Change in ovarian biomarkers did not mediate the time to FMP. We found that smoking was associated with age at FMP and modified associations of AMH and inhibin B with age at FMP. Insulin resistance was associated with shorter time to FMP independent of the biomarkers. Interventions targeting smoking and insulin resistance could curtail the undue advancement of reproductive aging.
An evolutionary and life history perspective on human male reproductive senescence
Authors: Bribiescas Richard G.
Published: September 2010

Unlike menopause, male reproductive senescence does not involve an acute drop in fertility. Men do, however, manifest distinct changes in somatic and gonadal function with age. Moreover, population variation in male reproductive senescence reveals phenotypic plasticity resulting from environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. An evolutionary and life history perspective is vital for understanding male reproductive senescence because aging involves biological constraint as well as adjustments to reproductive strategies and the allocation of somatic resources. An awareness of life history–related tradeoffs between energetic and time constraints is especially useful because biological aspects of male senescence are products of environmental challenges and natural selection. This article reviews the adaptive significance of the evolutionary biology of human male senescence with particular attention to population variation. An evolutionary perspective cannot only shed light on the origins and biology of human male senescence but also provide insights into contemporary issues of male aging and health.
Life historical perspectives on human reproductive aging
Authors: Ellison Peter T.
Published: September 2010

A commentary is offered on the chapters that comprise the section on Theoretical Foundations, emphasizing novel contributions of each. Three additional points are then made. First, while the biology of reproductive aging may be common to all human populations, its actual course can be expected to vary between individuals and between populations depending on ecological conditions and developmental histories. Second, increasing fertility (such as that typical of humans compared with hominoid relatives and imputed ancestral species) decreases the opportunity and impact of contributions from ascendant relatives and increases the opportunity and impact of contributions from collateral and descendent relatives in promoting the fitness of a focal individual. Finally, an argument is made that the major change in human life history physiology in the Pleistocene has been the extension of adult lifespan, not any change in ovarian physiology or rate of reproductive senescence, and that extended lifespan created a selection pressure for the emergence of indirect reproductive effort among postreproductive individuals, not the reverse.
Health consequences of reproductive aging: a commentary
Authors: Harlow Siobán D.
Published: September 2010

This commentary discusses the intersection of human ovarian and somatic aging. It argues for re‐contextualizing estrogen's role in and impact on ovarian aging and, more broadly, on women's health, considering in particular the importance of timing, dose, and the broader endocrine milieu. Distinguishing between current clinical needs and optimizing women's future options, the paper outlines an approach to broadening the research agenda to better understand the role of ovarian aging in supporting the metabolic demands of longevity. Three overarching issues important to consider explicitly as we pursue research on the health correlates of reproductive aging are discussed, including implications of a lifespan approach, population diversity, and selection bias.
Hydrothermal Alteration Related to Silver Mineralization at the Iwami Silver Deposit, Shimane Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Zeng Nanshi , Izawa Eiji , Watanabe Koichiro , Motomura Yoshinobu
Published: September 2010

The Iwami epithermal silver deposit consists of Ag‐Cu veins in a dacitic intrusive body at the deep portion of the Eikyu area, and veinlets with disseminated Ag mineralization in dacitic tuff breccia at a shallow portion of the Fukuishi area. Hydrothermal alteration associated with the silver mineralization is characterized by intense potassium metasomatism with oxidizing conditions. An illite zone occurs around the pathways of uprising fluids in both the Eikyu and Fukuishi areas. It grades laterally into the illite/smectite zone, which is surrounded by a broad smectite zone. Because of boiling, abundant adularia associated with silver mineralization overlaps on the altered tuff breccia in the Fukuishi area. The alteration zoning suggests that the western Eikyu area and the eastern Fukuishi area belong to a single hydrothermal system. The data of fluid inclusion microthermometry indicate that the temperatures range 220–270°C, and salinities range 5–7 wt percent NaCl equivalent for the silver mineralization at the upper portion in the Eikyu area and the lower portion in the Fukuishi area.

Radiometric ages for volcanic rocks in the area range from 2.19 to 1.64 Ma, and the dacitic intrusion formed at approximately 1.6 Ma. The silver‐dominant mineralizing hydrothermal fluids system was active around 1.44 to 1.07 Ma, which formed the Eikyu Ag‐Cu veins at depth, and the Fukuishi Ag ores at the shallower portion.
Mineralogical Characteristics of the Separated Magnetic Rutile of the Egyptian Black Sands
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed I.
Published: September 2010

The Egyptian black sands contain several economic minerals, such as ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, zircon, rutile and monazite. During the concentration and separation of a high‐grade rutile concentrate a bulk magnetic fraction is obtained. This fraction is composed mainly of opaques, titanhematite, ilmenite–titanhematite exsolved intergrown grains, magnetic leucoxene in addition to chromite, and magnetic rutile. The magnetic rutile occupies 6 wt.% of the bulk magnetic fraction or approx. 4 wt.% of the original rutile content in the raw sands. Most of magnetic rutile crystals are contaminated with opaque inclusions, staining‐coating and/or composite locked grains. This magnetic rutile has a magnetic range from strongly paramagnetic to very weak paramagnetic. Electron microprobe analysis for twenty‐three magnetic rutile grains identified mineral components of rutile, titanhematite, pseudorutile, leached pseudorutile and ilmenite in decreasing order of abundance. Some other inclusions are also detected in the different magnetic rutile grains. They are most probably garnet, silica, amphibole, ilmenite, feldspar, mica and zircon. The presence of these inclusions reflect the derivation of magnetic rutile of various crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks. The magnetic susceptibility of magnetic rutile depends on the associated mineral components and their relative volumes in comparison to the rutile mineral component. Magnetic susceptibility of magnetic rutile is also related to both type and size of the associated mineral inclusions. The average chemical composition of the magnetic rutile is 66.34 wt.% TiO2, 21.71 wt.% Fe2O3, 6.39 wt.% SiO2, 1.80 wt.% Al2O3, 1.19 wt.% CaO and 0.10 wt.% Cr2O3. Thus, the contamination of magnetic rutile in the non‐magnetic rutile concentrate would decrease the market value of the rutile concentrate. Alternatively these magnetic rutile grains are recommended to be blended with magnetic leucoxene or some types of ilmenite concentrate to improve the overall marketable specifications especially for both of Ti, Fe and Cr contents.
Ag‐rich Tetrahedrite in the El Zancudo Deposit, Colombia: Occurrence, Chemical Compositions and Genetic Temperatures
Authors: Gallego Hernández Alba Nury , Akasaka Masahide
Published: September 2010

Chemical compositions of tetrahedrite—Ag‐rich tetrahedrite—freibergite solid solutions (Ag‐rich tetrahedritess) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates of seventeen samples from nine veins in the El Zancudo deposit, Antioquia, Colombia, were investigated to reveal the origin of silver in Ag‐rich tetrahedritess, to derive their crystallization temperatures and to examine the relationship between chemical compositions of Ag‐rich tetrahedritess and their crystallization temperatures. The ores consist of arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, Ag‐rich tetrahedritess, galena, boulangerite, andorite, owyheeite, diaphorite, jamesonite, miargyrite, bournonite, chalcopyrite, and electrum. Ag‐rich tetrahedritess forms about 10 volume % of the total ores and is one of the most common and widely distributed sulfosalts in this deposit. Ag‐rich tetrahedritess is rich in Ag (1.13 to 31.02 wt%) and Sb (22.93 to 29.82 wt%), and poor in As (0.06 to 2.43 wt%), consistent with the reported incompatibilities of Ag and As in Ag‐rich tetrahedritess. The Zn/(Zn + Fe)‐, Ag/(Ag + Cu)‐ and Sb/(Sb + As + Bi)‐atomic ratios exhibit some variations among the veins. Ag‐rich tetrahedritess with higher Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios coexist with diaphorite, whereas those with lower ratios are not associated with this sulfosalt. Ag‐rich tetrahedritess in the assemblages of Ag‐rich tetrahedritess+ sphalerite and of Ag‐rich tetrahedritess+ bournonite + galena shows no Zn ↔ Fe and Cu ↔ Ag variations between core and rim, respectively, negating the possibility of solid state reaction during cooling. Ag‐rich tetrahedritess is thus regarded as primary phase. Homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates co‐existing with Ag‐rich tetrahedritess define the mineralization temperatures of 134 to 263°C. Independent crystallization temperatures of Ag‐rich tetrahedrite estimated based on Zn/(Zn + Fe) and Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios of the Ag‐rich tetrahedritess associated with silver minerals such as miargyrite, andorite and diaphorite using Sack's thermochemical database lie in a range between 170 and ∼250°C. Both results are thus in good agreement.
Molybdenite Re‐Os and Zircon SHRIMP U‐Pb Dating at the Baishiding Deposit, Guposhan District: New Evidence for Silurian Mo Mineralization in South China
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Feng Zuohai , Wang Cunzheng , Li Rongshen , Tang Zhuanhong
Published: September 2010

The Baishiding molybdenum deposit is located in the Central‐Middle Guangxi depression zone of the South China Caledonian fold zone. Orebodies occur as quartz‐molybdenite veins within the Guiling monzonite pluton and arkosic quartz sandstone of Zhengyuanling Group in the northeastern Guangxi. They are NEE‐trending with a dip angle of 75–80°. Zircon SHRIMP U‐Pb geochronologic analyses of the Guiling monzonite show age of 424.4 ± 5.6 Ma. It indicates that the Guiling monzonite was emplaced in Silurian. The ore minerals in quartz‐molybdenite veins contain molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and scheelite. Six molybdenite samples yield Re‐Os ages between 433.3 ± 6.3 Ma and 417.2 ± 5.7 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 424.6 ± 5.7 Ma, which agrees with the zircon age of the Guiling monzonite pluton. It suggests that the deposit was formed in the Silurian, not the Jurassic as previously thought. The Baishiding deposit is the only Silurian molybdenum deposit so far recognized in the South China. It was probably formed in a crustal shortening setting along the continental margin in the Silurian.
Impact of Intensive Therapy With Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion on Quality of Life in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ortiz María Teresa Anarte , Díaz Francisco Félix Caballero , Romero Alberto Machado , Ruiz de Adana Navas María Soledad , Domínguez‐López Marta , Gonzalo‐Marín Montserrat , Guerrero María José Tapia , Hernández Sergio Valdés , González‐Romero Stella , Rojo‐Martínez Gemma , Escofet Federico J. Casimiro‐Soriguer
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes. A quasi‐experimental pretest‐posttest design was used. Thirty‐seven patients were evaluated before and after receiving treatment. The Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale were applied. Patients treated with CSII reported a significant improvement in their quality of life (better total quality of life, higher diabetes life satisfaction, and less social and vocational concerns) when compared with patients with Multiple Daily Injections. Although some limitations are described, the results of this study show some evidence of positive effect of pump therapy in patients with poor glycemic control prior to pump start.
What Matters When Deciding Whether to Participate in Colorectal Cancer Screening? The Moderating Role of Time Perspective
Authors: Von Wagner Christian , Semmler Claudia , Power Emily , Good Anna
Published: September 2010

According to construal level theory (CLT), the more distant an event, the more likely it is to be represented in terms of abstract (e.g., desirability) versus concrete features (e.g., feasibility). This online study tested temporal distance effects in the context of colorectal cancer screening, which is desirable in terms of detecting cancer but relatively unpleasant. Consistent with CLT, participants in the distant future condition acquired more knowledge relating to the desirability of performing the test, attached greater weight to information emphasizing the long‐term benefits, and exhibited stronger intentions to use the test. These findings suggest that the temporal distance between decision‐making and behavioral execution plays an important role in the construal and application of central features of health actions.
Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS), with an Application to Chesapeake Bay River Inputs1
Authors: Hirsch Robert M. , Moyer Douglas L. , Archfield Stacey A.
Published: September 2010

Hirsch, Robert M., Douglas L. Moyer, and Stacey A. Archfield, 2010. Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS), With an Application to Chesapeake Bay River Inputs. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(5):857‐880. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00482.x

Abstract:  A new approach to the analysis of long‐term surface water‐quality data is proposed and implemented. The goal of this approach is to increase the amount of information that is extracted from the types of rich water‐quality datasets that now exist. The method is formulated to allow for maximum flexibility in representations of the long‐term trend, seasonal components, and discharge‐related components of the behavior of the water‐quality variable of interest. It is designed to provide internally consistent estimates of the actual history of concentrations and fluxes as well as histories that eliminate the influence of year‐to‐year variations in streamflow. The method employs the use of weighted regressions of concentrations on time, discharge, and season. Finally, the method is designed to be useful as a diagnostic tool regarding the kinds of changes that are taking place in the watershed related to point sources, groundwater sources, and surface‐water nonpoint sources. The method is applied to datasets for the nine large tributaries of Chesapeake Bay from 1978 to 2008. The results show a wide range of patterns of change in total phosphorus and in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite. These results should prove useful in further examination of the causes of changes, or lack of changes, and may help inform decisions about future actions to reduce nutrient enrichment in the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed.
Alien fish and crayfish species in Hellenic freshwaters and aquaculture
Authors: Perdikaris Costas , Gouva Evangelia , Paschos Ioannis
Published: September 2010

The diversity of ichthyofauna in Hellenic freshwaters is highlighted by the presence of 161 species. This actually represents 27.8% of the total fish species recorded in European freshwater, including both native and introduced species, suggesting that Greece represents a ‘hot spot’ for biodiversity. The introduction of alien species for restocking, the aquarium trade and aquaculture was responsible for the deliberate or accidental release of alien specimens into open waters and in some cases for establishing populations. In contrast, commercially valuable alien species (e.g. salmonids, cyprinids and more recently sturgeons) generated significant income to individuals, companies and to the national economy. This paper aims to review the situation regarding the presence of alien fish and crayfish species in Hellenic freshwaters and in particular in aquaculture and to flesh out issues concerning their aquaculture potential.
Monitoring, assessment and management of fish farm environments in Japan
Authors: Yokoyama Hisashi
Published: September 2010

In Japan, coastal fish farming has become a well‐established industry. Intensive cultivation of finfish, however, generates large amounts of organic waste and nutrients, resulting in environmental deterioration in and around aquaculture facilities. Such negative effects have become increasingly conspicuous since the commencement of fish farming in the mid 1960s and its subsequent rapid development during the 1970s and 1980s. Various studies have attempted to measure the material fluxes in fish farms, to assess the potential environmental impacts, to determine criteria for the optimization of the location of farms and production levels, and to establish methods for improvement of aquaculture environments. In this review, research conducted during the last five decades in Japan concerning the flux of feed, environmental impacts of fish farming, factors controlling the degree of impacts, the upper limit of production and methods for improvement of environments is reviewed and current concerns for aquaculture environments discussed.
First Late Triassic Record of a Paleoentomofauna from South America (Malargüe Basin, Mendoza Province, Argentina)
Authors: BRAUCKMANN Carsten , GALLEGO Oscar F. , HAUSCHKE Norbert , MARTINS‐NETO Rafael G. , GROENING Elke , ILGER Jan‐M. , LARA María B.
Published: September 2010

Late Middle Triassic to early Late Triassic insects from Argentina have been previously described from the Bermejo and Cuyana Basins where they have been recovered from the Ischichuca‐Los Rastros and Potrerillos‐Cacheuta Formations, respectively. The insect fauna discussed herein was collected during field studies in 1986/1987 from the Llantenes section (Norian to Rhaetian? Late Triassic), which is situated in the Malargüe Basin in southern Mendoza province. The insect remains were found in the upper part of the Llantenes section (Llantenes Formation), which is built up of two coarsening‐upwards cycles reflecting a deltaic progradation of a fluvial into a lacustrine environment (lower part), succeeded by repeated progradations into a floodplain‐dominated environment (upper part; with finds of insects, conchostracans, fish remains, plant fragments, and drifted logs). The new finds represent the youngest Triassic insect records described from Argentina and even from South America in its entirety. There is only one contemporaneous fossil assemblage in Gondwana: in the Clarence/Moreton Basin (Aberdare Conglomerate; Late Norian) in Australia. The new Triassic insects include an impression of an isolated Mecopterida‐like wing (Mendozachorista volkheimeri gen. et sp. nov.; Mendozachoristidae fam. nov.), coleopteran elytra of the Permosynidae (Ademosyne rosenfeldi sp. nov. and Ademosyne llantenesensis sp. nov.) and other isolated body fragments. This new Late Triassic entomofauna from Argentina is of considerable importance in the reconstruction of the biotic recovery of continental environments in Gondwana after the catastrophic mass extinction at the P/T boundary.
Eckfeld Maar: Window into an Eocene Terrestrial Habitat in Central Europe
Authors: LUTZ Herbert , KAULFUSS Uwe , WAPPLER Torsten , LÖHNERTZ Werner , WILDE Volker , MERTZ Dieter F. , MINGRAM Jens , FRANZEN Jens L. , FRANKENHÄUSER Herbert , KOZIOL Martin
Published: September 2010

To mark the occasion of the 175th anniversary of the Rheinische Naturforschende Gesellschaft in 2009 and of the centennial of the Mainz Natural History Museum in 2010, we present a short account of our present knowledge of the Eckfeld Maar after 20 years of continuous research. This paper does not attempt to include all of the detailed results on the geology of the Eckfeld site or its biota. To date, nearly 250 papers and books have been published since the start of our project An up‐to‐date list of these publications can be found at http://www.eckfeldermaar.de.
A New Mantispid‐Like Species of Rhachiberothinae (Neuroptera: Berothidae) from Baltic Amber, with a Critical Review of the Fossil Record of the Subfamily
Authors: MAKARKIN Vladiir N. , KUPRYJANOWICZ Janusz
Published: September 2010

Whalfera wiszniewskii sp. nov. is described from the Late Eocene Baltic amber. The genus Whalfera is considered as the only fossil genus confidently assigned to the Rhachiberothinae. Others previously placed in this subfamily belong to Paraberothinae (except perhaps for Oisea). The Late Eocene/present Rhachiberothinae and the Cretaceous Paraberothinae are considered to be the subfamilies of Berothidae.
New Mesozoic Mesopsychidae (Mecoptera) from Northeastern China
Authors: Dong REN , LABANDEIRA Conrad C. , ChungKun SHIH
Published: September 2010

The Mesozoic family Mesopsychidae Tillyard, 1917 presently consists of seven described genera and 13 species from the mid‐Triassic to the Early Cretaceous of Australia, South Africa and Eurasia. In the present paper one new genus and three new species of fossil mesopsychids are described that add significant distributional and stratigraphic extensions to the family. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Mesopsychidae in China. Both Lichnomesopsyche gloriae gen. et sp. nov. and L. daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov. were found from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, whereas Vitimopsyche kozlovi sp. nov., of mid Early Cretaceous age, was collected from the Jehol Biota of northern Hebei Province. This new, well‐preserved material from China reveals complete and previously unknown body features, including head, antennae, mouthparts, legs and abdomen. The delicate and long proboscides of these new taxa indicate that they were feeding on externally exposed, nutrient‐rich fluids of gymnospermous ovulate fructifications, and incapable of piercing surface epidermis – attributable principally to the absence of stylets. These proboscides originated, perhaps multiply, among basal Mecoptera and are functionally and structurally convergent with equivalent mouthparts borne by fossil and extant Diptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera and Coleoptera.
Review of the Permian Camptoneuritidae (Insecta: Grylloblattida)
Authors: ARISTOV Danil S. , STOROZHENKO Sergey Yu. , Yingying CUI
Published: September 2010

The Permian family Camptoneuritidae (Insecta: Grylloblattida) is reviewed. New synonymies are proposed: Camptoneuritidae Martynov, 1930 = Demopteridae Carpenter, 1950, syn. nov., = Jabloniidae Kukalova, 1964, syn. nov. Key to genera of Camptoneuritidae is given. All genera are redescribed and illustrated. Camptoneurites soyanensis sp. nov. from Soyana locality (Middle Permian, Kazanian Stage; Arkhangelsk Region, Russia) and Tyulkinia bashkuevi gen. et sp. nov. from Tyulkino locality (Lower Permian, Kungurian Stage; Perm Region, Russia) are described.
New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota
Authors: NIKOLAJEV Georgiy V. , Dong REN
Published: September 2010

Parageotrupes incanus gen. et sp. nov. (Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae: Geotrupinae) is described and illustrated from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning province, China.
Plant‐Arthropod Associations from the Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic): A Preliminary Report
Authors: PROKOP Jakub , WAPPLER Torsten , KNOR Stanislav , KVAČEK Zlatko
Published: September 2010

Terrestrial plants and insects currently account for the majority of the Earth's biodiversity, and approximately half of insect species are herbivores. Thus, insects and plants share ancient associations that date back more than 400 Myr. However, investigations of their past interactions are at the preliminary stages in Western Europe. Herein, we present the first results of our study of various feeding damage based on a dataset of nearly 3500 examined plant specimens from the Lower Miocene of the Lagerstätte Bílina Mine in the Most Basin, Czech Republic. This site provides a unique view of the Neogene freshwater ecosystems. It has long been studied by scientists working in different branches of sedimentology, paleobotany, and paleozoology. The fossils are preserved in three characteristic horizons overlaying the coal seam (Clayey Superseam Horizon, Delta Sandy Horizon, and Lake Clayey Horizon), reflecting paleoenvironmental changes in a short time period of development. The trace fossils are classified as functional feeding groups or “guilds”, without searching for a direct cause or a recent analog host relation. Approximately 23% of specimens of dicotyledonous plant leaves were found to be damaged and associated with some leaf “morphotypes”. Deciduous plant‐host taxa, and those with a chartaceous texture typical of riparian habitats, were frequently damaged, such asPopulus, recorded with two speciesPopulus zaddachiiandPopulus populina(57.9% and 31% herbivory levels, respectively), followed byAcer, Alnus, andCarya, averaging almost 30% of damaged leaves/leaflets. There has been evidence of 60 damage types (DT) representing all functional feeding groups recorded at the Bílina Mine, including 12 types of leaf mines and 16 gall‐type DT. In total, Lower Miocene of the Lagerstätte Bílina Mine exhibits a high level of external foliage feeding types (23.7%), and a low level of more specialized DT, such as galls (4.3%) and leaf mines (<1%). A broader comparison based on DT of the main sedimentary environments shows significance supporting different biomes by frequency of damage levels and DT diversities.
Weiwoboidae fam. nov. of ‘Higher’ Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene Deposits of Yunnan, China
Authors: Qibin LIN , SZWEDO Jacek , Diying HUANG , STROIńSKI Adam
Published: September 2010

A new family of so‐called ‘higher’ planthoppers, Weiwoboidae fam. nov., from the Lower Eocene of Yunnan is described. A new monotypic genus, Weiwoboa gen. nov., with Weiwoboa meridiana sp. nov. is also described and illustrated. The characters of tegmen venation of the new family, its evolution, and supposed relationships are briefly discussed.
Middle Jurassic Coptoclavidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscoidea) from China: a Good Example of Mosaic Evolution
Authors: Bo WANG , PONOMARENKO A. G. , Haichun ZHANG
Published: September 2010

Adults of the aquatic coptoclavid beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscoidea), described from four Middle Jurassic fossil localities in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning in northeastern China, are attributed toDaohugounectes primitivesWang, Ponomarenko and Zhang, 2009, which was previously proposed after study of larvae. The generic nameTimarchopsisBrauer, Redtenbacher and Ganglbauer, 1889 is proposed as a substitute for the preoccupied and junior homonymNecronectesPonomarenko, 1977, non Milne‐Edwards, 1881. Furthermore, the subfamily name Necronectinae Ponomarenko, 1977 is substituted by the available name Timarchopsinae.Daohugounectesis placed into Timarchopsinae because its adults have long, slightly apically widened tibiae and small femoral plates. The adults of this genus differ from those of other Timarchopsinae in the following features: antennae short and widened in the middle part; basal segments of protarsi not cut apically; metaventrite with a triangular plate. The larvae look like somewhat primitive forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae. In contrast to these primitive larvae, the adults with some advanced characters can be regarded as among the most advanced forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae, and probably represent a transition between the Timarchopsinae and Charanoscaphinae. Such mosaic evolution withinDaohugounectesindicates that the evolutionary process of aquatic beetles is far more complex than previously thought.
A New Species of the Family Juraperlidae (Insecta: Grylloblattida) from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: Yingying CUI , BÉTHOUX Olivier , Chungkun SHIH , Dong REN
Published: September 2010

Juraperla grandis sp. nov. (Grylloblattida: Juraperlidae) is described from the Daohugou locality (Middle Jurassic, China). Its wing venation is very similar to that of Juraperla daohugouensis Huang and Nel, 2007 (Grylloblattida: Juraperlidae), in the particular occurrence of a supplementary longitudinal vein in the area between the anterior wing margin and ScP. The larger size of the new specimen, the lower number of CuAl branches, and the occurrence of two rows of cells between MP and CuA in forewings justify the erection of a new species, J. grandis sp. nov.. The material also preserved hind wing and body structures, described for the first time in Juraperlidae.
THE NATURAL CYBORG: THE STAKES OF BERGSON'S PHILOSOPHY OF EVOLUTION
Authors: Marrati Paola
Published: September 2010

abstract

Bergson's engagement with evolutionary theory was remarkably up to date with the science of his time. One century later, the scientific and social landscape is undoubtedly quite different, but some of his insights remain of critical importance for the present. This paper aims at discussing three related aspects of Bergson's philosophy of evolution and their relevance for contemporary debates: first, the stark distinction between the affirmation of the reality of change and becoming, on the one hand, and any notion of progress on the other; second, the insistence on the intimate interplay between forms of knowledge and forms of life; third, his idea that machines and organisms, technology and biology, are not separate domains but, rather, stem from and answer to the same problems and needs that living beings express. Such a Bergsonian framework may prove very helpful in reassessing the implicit assumptions of several contemporary debates on the ethical and political stakes of evolution, biosciences, and technologies, as well as the increasingly problematic boundary between “biology” and “culture.”
DARWIN'S INVISIBLE HAND: FEMINISM, REPROGENETICS, AND FOUCAULT'S ANALYSIS OF NEOLIBERALISM
Authors: McWhorter Ladelle
Published: September 2010

abstract

In his 1979 lecture series now translated as The Birth of Biopolitics, Michel Foucault suggests that there is an important relationship between neoliberalism and the cluster of phenomena he had previously named “biopower.” The relationship between these two apparently very different forms of governmentality is not obvious, however, and Foucault does not explicate it. The question has become a pressing one for feminists because it underlies a set of issues surrounding the emerging field of “reprogenetics.” Feminists have been highly critical of invasive reproductive technologies for decades, viewing them as demeaning to and dangerous for women's bodies and as staunchly traditional in their reinforcement of gender roles and of maternity as female desire and destiny. Reprogeneticists accuse feminists of hypocrisy in seeking to curtail the widest technically possible range of “procreative choice.” This essay traces some ways in which reprogenetics may be interpreted as a biopolitical formation as well as a neoliberal formation and suggests how the two seemingly antithetical types of phenomena might actually be overlapping and mutually reinforcing—perhaps opening the way for a more effective feminist critique.
CREATIVE EVOLUTION AND THE CREATION OF MAN
Authors: Colebrook Claire
Published: September 2010

abstract

This paper argues that Darwin's theory of evolution offers (at least) two modes of understanding the relation between life and human knowledge. On the one hand, Darwin can be included within a general turn to “life,” in which human self‐knowledge is part of a general unfolding of increasing awareness and anthropological reflexivity; life creates an organism, man, capable of discerning the logic of organic existence. On the other hand, Darwin offers the possibility of understanding life beyond the self‐maintenance of organism and, therefore, beyond the rational of life's putative striving.
SUPPLEMENTING CLAIRE COLEBROOK: A RESPONSE TO “CREATIVE EVOLUTION AND THE CREATION OF MAN”
Authors: Anderson Nicole
Published: September 2010

abstract

In her paper “Creative Evolution and the Creation of Man,” one of the arguments Colebrook puts forth is that as a means of challenging the mechanistic and teleological conception of Darwinian evolution, creative evolution takes an antihumanist position by positing that there is an absence of end, thus “man” is able to create his own end. But in taking this position, Colebrook points out that creative evolution re‐establishes the humanistic discourse on the human that it was attempting to challenge. To elucidate Colebrook's argument, this paper draws on the work of Derrida to “play” with the notion of style in order to reflect on the ways in which philosophical deductive argumentation and reasoning constitute and perpetuate humanist and metaphysical discourses on the human, and the ends of “man.”
SPINOZA AND PROCESS ONTOLOGY
Authors: Di Poppa Francesca
Published: September 2010

abstract

In this paper, I put forward some remarks supporting a reading of Spinoza's metaphysics in terms of process ontology, that is, the notion that processes or activities, rather than things, are the most basic entities. I suggest that this reading, while not the only possible one, offers advantages over the traditional substance‐properties interpretation. While this claim may sound implausible vis‐à‐vis Spinoza's language of ‘substance’ and ‘attributes’, I show that process ontology illuminates important features of Spinoza's thought and can facilitate solutions to some interpretive problems.
CONSTRUCTIVIST EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY ON WELL‐BEING AND VIRTUE
Authors: Braddock Matthew
Published: September 2010

abstract

What is the nature of human well‐being? This paper joins the ancient debate by rejuvenating an ancient claim that is quite unfashionable among moral philosophers today, namely, the Aristotelian claim that moral virtue is (non‐instrumentally) necessary for human well‐being. Call it the Aristotelian Virtue Condition (AVC). This view can be revived for contemporary debate by a state‐of‐the‐art approach that we might callconstructivist experimental philosophy, which takes as its goal the achievement of a reasonable constructivist account of well‐being and takes the investigation of actual folk intuitions as the central means to achieving that goal. The paper motivates this approach and challenges the commonplace philosophical rejection of AVC by arguing (1) that folk intuitions should count as evidence in the debate, especially if we aim at a constructivist account of well‐being, (2) that folk intuitions can be accurately elicited through a thought experiment (the “Crib Test”), and (3) that there is some reason (subject to experimental confirmation) for thinking that folk intuitions, thus elicited, support AVC. Aristotelian ethics, and indeed the entire virtue ethics tradition, has come under fire recently by empirically informed philosophers who question the empirical adequacy of the postulation of robust character traits, but regardless of how that debate turns out, other parts of this tradition might be empirically supported rather than undermined. This paper sketches a promising, empirically informed way of supporting Aristotelian views of well‐being.
Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Surface Characteristics of Abrasive Materials
Authors: Komanduri R. , Shaw M. C.
Published: September 2010

Scanning electron micrographs of different types of commercial abrasive grains used in grinding are discussed. Surface topography is found useful, along with other physical and chemical properties, in characterizing abrasive materials. The results of this study explain some of the differences in performance of several types of abrasive presently used in grinding practice.
On Microchip Formation During Machining of a High Strength Steel
Authors: Bailey J. A. , Becker S. E.
Published: September 2010

The effect of cutting speed and wear land length on the phenomenon of microchip formation during machining of quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel under dry orthogonal conditions is determined. Machined test pieces are examined using scanning electron and optical microscopy. Surface roughness is determined using a profilometer. A possible mechanism of microchip formation based on the interaction between the surfaces of the tool and freshly machined work piece is discussed. It is suggested that the grooves left by the generation of microchips may act as sources for the initiation of failures by creep, fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. It is also suggested that the results obtained using scanning electron microscopy may be more indicative of the true surface condition than surface roughness measurements.
Slip-Line Solutions for Plain-Strain Indentation of Sandwich Metal Strips Between Flat Dies
Authors: Harden W. H. , Weinstein A. S.
Published: September 2010

The method of slip-lines has been used historically to solve two-dimensional problems of plane-strain plasticity in homogeneous metals. The application of the theory to obtain solutions for sandwich metals consisting of a hard core and softer clad is described here. The behavior of stress components, strain rate components, and velocity discontinuities at the interface between the two metals is examined. Some slip-line solutions for incipient plastic flow due to indentation of a sandwich strip with flat dies are presented. Three modes of deformation are considered: full penetration of the plastic zone with lateral motion of the rigid overhangs, bulging with clad flow only, and bulging with flow of clad and core. The numerical construction of the slip-line fields and hodagraphs is described and some results given. The differences between these results and the results of using homogeneous theory with an average yield strength are shown to be significant for strips of intermediate clad fraction. In addition, the results show that bulging, rather than full penetration of the plastic zone, is the expected mode of deformtion for a wide range of the strip parameters.
The Effect of the State of Stress on the Strain at Fracture
Authors: Davis E. A.
Published: September 2010

Tension tests on solid cylindrical specimens and internal pressure tests on one type of tubular specimen showed that a superimposed hydrostatic pressure increased the ductility. Internal pressure tests on a similar tubular specimen that was supported in a different manner showed that the hydrostatic pressure had almost no effect on the ductility.
The Effect of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Cb-752
Authors: Mahoney M. W. , Paton N. E.
Published: September 2010

Uniaxial tensile properties of the niobium-base alloy Cb-752 have been determined as a function of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen content over a temperature range of −196 C to 200 deg C. Each of these impurities increased the temperature at which a ductile-brittle transition occurs. Although ductility was severely reduced, strength parameters were relatively unchanged making detection of embrittlement by hardness testing difficult. Impurity levels for embrittlement were sufficiently low and the affinity of Cb-752 for contamination sufficiently great that processing operations require strict control. The mechanism of this impurity embrittlement is not well understood. However, observations of fracture surfaces of brittle failures reveal mixed intergranular cleavage with a uniform distribution of precipitates throughout grain boundaries. These observations are discussed in the light of current theories.
An Assessment of Kinematic Hardening Thermal Ratcheting
Authors: Mulcahy T. M.
Published: September 2010

Analytical comparisons are made between the thermal ratcheting response of a kinematic hardening material, a perfectly plastic, and an isotropic hardening material for a two-element assembly. Significant differences were found in the range of mechanical and thermal loading for which ratcheting occurred and the magnitude of the strain accumulation when ratcheting did occur. The kinematic hardening strain accumulation predicted was always smallest.
Reference Stress Design Charts for Beam Structures
Authors: Johnsson A.
Published: September 2010

Reference stresses and scaling factors are determined for some common beam structures and the results are presented in practical design charts. One set of charts treats the influence of cross-sectional shape and another set the influence of the structural layout. The approximations of the reference stress technique are discussed and the error in deformation rate is calculated for the structures. The reference stress method and the use of the design charts is demonstrated in the creep design of a simply supported uniformly loaded beam.
Thermal Analysis of Laminar Fluid Film Under Side Cyclic Motion
Authors: Pedroso R. I.
Published: September 2010

An analytical study is presented for a constant-thickness incompressible laminar one-dimensional fluid film undergoing cyclic side motion. The fluid film is bounded by a stationary and a cyclically-moving wall. The heat flux is calculated at both the stationary and moving boundaries. Formulas are presented for the frictional resistance and power dissipation at the moving wall. Application is made to the varying-thickness fluid film between an eccentric round shaft with reciprocating axial motion and its stationary cylindrical housing. In the analysis, quantities assumed constant are the pressure along the edges of the fluid film, its properties, and the temperature along each of the two walls bounding the fluid. The lateral dimensions of the fluid film are assumed large compared to its thickness such that end effects can be neglected.
Laminar Natural Convection About Vertical Plates With Oscillatory Surface Temperature
Authors: Yang J. W. , Scaccia C. , Goodman J.
Published: September 2010

The characteristics of laminar natural convection about a vertical plate with periodically changing surface temperature have been studied by the finite-difference method. The effects of the amplitude and period of the surface temperature oscillation on the instantaneous and time-average Nusselt numbers, temperature and velocity profiles are demonstrated by several examples. High amplitude and a large range of frequency of the oscillation were considered in these examples. The time-wise variation of the fluid temperature in the inner region adjacent to the surface produces back heat flow at high amplitude, high frequency, and at high local Grashof number.
Device characteristics of HfON charge-trap layer nonvolatile memory
Authors: Lee Tackhwi , Banerjee Sanjay K.
Published: September 2010

The authors studied the device characteristics of thin HfON charge-trap layer nonvolatile memory in a TaN/Al2O3/HfON/SiO2/p-Si structure. A large memory window and fast erase speed, as well as good retention time, were achieved by using the NH3 nitridation technique to incorporate nitrogen into the thin HfO2 layer, which causes a high electron-trap density in the HfON layer. The higher dielectric constant of the HfON charge-trap layer induces a higher electric field in the tunneling oxide at the same voltage compared to non-nitrided films and, thus, creates a high Fowler–Nordheim tunneling current to increase the erase and programming speed. The trap level energy in the HfON layer was calculated by using an amphoteric model.
Integration of Early Physiological Responses Predicts Later Illness Severity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Saria Suchi , Rajani Anand K. , Gould Jeffrey , Koller Daphne , Penn Anna A.
Published: September 2010

Physiological parameters routinely and noninvasively collected in the first 3 hours of life can accurately predict morbidity in premature infants.
Genome-Wide Association Studies Identify New Targets in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Calkin Anna C. , Tontonoz Peter
Published: September 2010

Analysis indicates that increasing expression of the
SORT1
gene
in liver has beneficial effects on blood lipid levels.
Amikacin Monotherapy for Sepsis Caused by Panresistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Layeux Brice , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Fagnoul David , Vincent Jean-Louis , Jacobs Frédérique
Published: September 2010

Two patients with severe sepsis due to panresistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, deteriorating despite therapy with colistin and β-lactams, were cured with a high daily dose (25 to 50 mg/kg) of amikacin to obtain a peak/MIC ratio of at least 8 to 10 (MIC = 16 μg/ml). Concomitant use of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) provided no deterioration in renal function after treatment. High dosage of aminoglycosides combined with CVVHDF may represent a valuable therapeutic option for infection due to multiresistant pathogens.
Tolerance of Benznidazole in Treatment of Chagas' Disease in Adults
Authors: Pinazo María-Jesús , Muñoz José , Posada Elizabeth , López-Chejade Paulo , Gállego Montserrat , Ayala Edgar , del Cacho Elena , Soy Dolors , Gascon Joaquim
Published: September 2010

Chagas’ disease is an emerging public health problem in areas where the disease is not endemic. Treatment with benznidazole has shown efficacy in the acute stage of the disease, but its efficacy in the chronic stage remains controversial, and unwanted side effects are more frequent and severe in adults than in children. This study describes the profile of side effects of benznidazole in a cohort of
Trypanosoma cruzi
-infected patients in a European country.