bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cytosine deaminase for programmable single-base RNA editing
Authors: Abudayyeh Omar O. , Gootenberg Jonathan S. , Franklin Brian , Koob Jeremy , Kellner Max J. , Ladha Alim , Joung Julia , Kirchgatterer Paul , Cox David B. T. , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2019

Adding to the RNA editing toolbox

A previously developed RNA editing system called REPAIR can base edit A to I in RNA by fusing the adenine deaminase domain of ADAR2 with catalytically dead CRISPR-Cas13. Using directed evolution, Abudayyeh
et al.
demonstrated that the ADAR2 deaminase domain can be relaxed to accept other bases. This resulted in cytidine deamination activity, expanding the RNA editing toolbox for C-to-U conversion. This system, referred to as RNA Editing for Specific C-to-U Exchange (RESCUE), can edit on endogenous transcripts and enable modulation of posttranslational protein modification such as phosphorylation.

Science
, this issue p.
382
Improving Methods for Analyzing Antimalarial Drug Efficacy Trials: Molecular Correction Based on Length-Polymorphic Markers
msp-1
,
msp-2
, and
glurp
Authors: Jones S. , Kay K. , Hodel E. M. , Chy S. , Mbituyumuremyi A. , Uwimana A. , Menard D. , Felger I. , Hastings I.
Published: July 2019

Drug efficacy trials monitor the continued efficacy of front-line drugs against falciparum malaria. Overestimating efficacy results in a country retaining a failing drug as first-line treatment with associated increases in morbidity and mortality, while underestimating drug effectiveness leads to removal of an effective treatment with substantial practical and economic implications.
Evolution of Carbapenem-Resistant Serotype K1 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae by Acquisition of
bla
VIM-1
-Bearing Plasmid
Authors: Dong Ning , Sun Qiaoling , Huang Yonglu , Shu Lingbin , Ye Lianwei , Zhang Rong , Chen Sheng
Published: July 2019

We report the identification of a carbapenem-resistant, hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(hvKp) strain which produced the carbapenemase VIM-1. Genomic analysis showed that the strain belonged to sequence type ST23 and serotype K1, a major hvKp clone, and harbored three resistance-encoding plasmids. Among them, a
bla
VIM-1
-bearing plasmid was found to possess a mosaic structure presumably generated by multiple gene mobilization events.
Inhibition of Chikungunya Virus Replication in Primary Human Fibroblasts by Liver X Receptor Agonist
Authors: Hwang Jesse , Wang Yuchen , Fikrig Erol
Published: July 2019

The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes acute pain and joint inflammation, and in recent years the virus has caused large epidemics in previously CHIKV-free geographic areas.
LAP
+
Cells Modulate Protection Induced by Oral Vaccination with Rhesus Rotavirus in a Neonatal Mouse Model
Authors: Rey Laura María , Gil José Ángel , Mateus José , Rodríguez Luz-Stella , Rondón Martín Alonso , Ángel Juana , Franco Manuel Antonio
Published: July 2019

Despite the introduction of several live attenuated animal and human rotaviruses as efficient oral vaccines, rotaviruses continue to be the leading etiological agent for diarrhea mortality among children under 5 years of age worldwide. Improvement of these vaccines has been partially delayed because immunity to rotaviruses is incompletely understood. In the intestine (where rotavirus replicates), regulatory T cells that express latency-associated peptide (LAP) play a prominent role, which has been explored for many diseases but not specifically for infectious agents. In this paper, we show that neonatal mice given a live oral rotavirus vaccine develop rotavirus-specific LAP
+
T cells and that depletion of these cells improves the efficiency of the vaccine. These findings may prove useful for the design of strategies to improve rotavirus vaccines.
Short-term rate of milk synthesis and expression interval of preterm mothers
Authors: Lai Ching Tat , Rea Alethea , Mitoulas Leon R , Kent Jacqueline C , Simmer Karen , Hartmann Peter Edwin , Geddes Donna
Published: July 2019

Aim

To determine the impact of the pumping regimes of women with preterm infants on the daily milk production, and on the short-term rate of milk synthesis during early lactation to support evidence-based recommendations for optimising milk production.

Methods

Mothers of preterm infants (n=25) recorded start time, finish time and expression volumes from every breast expression on days 10, 15–20 postpartum.

Results

Expressing more often than five times per day did not result in a significant increase in daily milk production. Milk volume per expression per breast increased for intervals between expressions of between 2and6 hours then reached a plateau when the interval between expression was 7 hours or longer. The short-term rate of milk synthesis decreased as the interval between expressions increased until about 7.5 hours at which point it begun to increase (p value associated with interval between expressions^2<0.001).

Conclusion

The strong inverse association between the short-term rate of milk synthesis and the interval between expressions for intervals up to 7 hours suggest that the maximum interval between expressions should be 7 hours. Data suggest that, on average, the mothers should express at least five times a day to maximise daily milk production. Considering inter-individual variation, determination of an individual mother’s maximum interval between expressions that does not compromise the short-term rate of milk synthesis will help to optimise daily milk production while minimising the demands on the mother’s time.
Effect of intrapartum antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota of infants: a systematic review
Authors: Zimmermann Petra , Curtis Nigel
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) has become common practice in obstetric medicine and is used in up to 40% of deliveries. Despite its benefits, the risks associated with exposing large numbers of infants to antibiotics, especially long-term effects on health through changes in the microbiota, remain unclear. This systematic review summarises studies that have investigated the effect of IAP on the intestinal microbiota of infants.

Methods

A systematic search in Ovid MEDLINE was used to identify original studies that investigated the effect of IAP on the intestinal microbiota in infants. Studies were excluded if: they included preterm infants, the antibiotic regimen was not specified, antibiotics were used for indications other than prophylaxis, probiotics were given to mothers or infants, or antibiotics were given to infants.

Results

We identified six studies, which investigated a total of 272 infants and included 502 stool samples collected up to 3 months of age. In all the studies, IAP was given for group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation. Infants who were exposed to GBS IAP had a lower bacterial diversity, a lower relative abundance of Actinobacteria, especiallyBifidobacteriaceae, and a larger relative abundance of Proteobacteria in their intestinal microbiota compared with non-exposed infants. Conflicting results were reported for the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.

Conclusions

GBS IAP has profound effects on the intestinal microbiota of infants by diminishing beneficial commensals. Such changes during the early-life ‘critical window’ during which the intestinal microbiota and the immune response develop concurrently may have an important influence on immune development. The potential long-term adverse consequences of this on the health of children warrant further investigation.
Amyand’s hernia: acute appendicitis and abscess in the inguinal canal
Authors: Junttila Anna , Mattila Anne K
Published: July 2019

Amyand’s hernia is a rare entity where the appendix is trapped within inguinal canal. For even rarer are the cases where the appendix has perforated and caused an abscess into inguinal canal. Here we report a case where a male patient had Amyand’s hernia, acute appendicitis and abscess which were treated by laparotomy. We present the diagnostic process and intraoperative finding leading to diagnosis of Amyand’s hernia.
Brugada pattern: a comprehensive review on the demographic and clinical spectrum
Authors: Abbas Hassan , Roomi Sohaib , Ullah Waqas , Ahmad Asrar , Gajanan Ganesh
Published: July 2019

A prominent coved or saddle-shaped ST-segment elevation followed by T wave changes in V1-V3 and in the absence of other identifiable cause is termed as Brugada pattern. This pattern in the presence of documented ventricular arrhythmias or its symptoms (syncope, seizure) or significant family for sudden cardiac death or abovementioned ECG changes is called Brugada syndrome. Here we present a comprehensive literature review on the precipitation factors of Brugada syndrome/pattern by various stimuli, its presentation, associations, management and outcomes. We are also presenting a unique case of Brugada pattern where the patient’s Brugada pattern was unmasked at an extreme old age by infection.
Bartonella Quintanaprosthetic aortitis successfully treated with doxycycline
Authors: Meher-Homji Zaal , Graves Stephen R , Trubiano Jason , Holmes Natasha E
Published: July 2019

Bartonella quintanais a rare cause of culture-negative endovascular infection, characterised by intracellular persistence. We describe a case of ascending aortic prosthetic graft infection due toB. quintana, in a patient with past unrecognised necrotising aortitis, which was successfully treated with doxycycline monotherapy.
Transient osteoporosis: an unusual presentation of hip pain in a trail runner
Authors: Scheer Volker
Published: July 2019

We present a case of transient osteoporosis of the hip in a 38-year-old recreational trail runner. Shortly after a trail running competition, he developed acute hip pain, functional disability and an antalgic gait. Diagnosis was made with MRI showing bone marrow oedema, plain radiographs demonstrating osseous demineralisation and bone scintigraphy showing uniform radioactive uptake. Treatment included off-loading of the anatomical site for 6 months until symptom resolution, analgaesia, Vitamin D, bisphosphonates and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. He recovered fully and returned to running activities 8 months after initial presentation. Transient osteoporosis of the hip is rare but benign, self-limiting condition; however, awareness and exact diagnosis are important as runners often present with hip pain and other more serious pathologies such as avascular necrosis or stress fractures need to be excluded.
Postpartum psychosis in a non-native language–speaking patient: A perspective on language barriers and cultural competency
Authors: Naito Tatsuhiko , Chin Justin , Lin Jun , Shah Pritesh J , Lomiguen Christine M
Published: July 2019

Postpartum psychosis is a condition characterised by rapid onset of psychotic symptoms several weeks after childbirth. Outside of its timing and descriptions of psychotic features, minimal research exists due to its relative rarity (1 to 2 per 1000 births in the USA), with greater emphasis on postpartum sadness and depression. With the existing literature, cultural differences and language barriers previously have not been taken into consideration as there are no documented cases of postpartum psychosis in a non–English-speaking patient. Correctly differentiating postpartum psychosis from other postpartum psychiatric disorders requires adeptly evaluating for the presence of psychotic symptoms with in-depth history taking. Here, we present a case of postpartum psychosis in a Japanese-speaking only patient, with an associated clinical course and culturally appropriate approach to treatment. A review of postpartum psychosis and language/cultural considerations are also discussed, with attention on the Japanese concept of ‘Satogaeri bunben’.
Managing medical emergencies at endurance rides
Authors: Eaton‐Evans Tom
Published: July 2019

Endurance riding is a demanding equestrian discipline that has the potential to present attending veterinarians with challenging medical emergencies. An understanding of the conditions likely to be faced and the carriage of appropriate supplies, especially sufficient intravenous fluids, is essential. This article describes the veterinary inspections performed and advises how veterinary practitioners should manage each medical emergency that may be encountered.
A pictorial approach to abdominal radiography
Authors: Parry Andrew , Mahoney Paul
Published: July 2019

When interpreting a radiograph, we refer to size, number, margination, location and opacity, which proves helpful when describing normal anatomy, as well as abnormal findings. Focusing on uncommon normal variants, or giving too much importance to insignificant abnormalities, can hinder one's perception. Knowledge of how a normal abdomen looks comes with experience and it's easy to become influenced by the history or clinical findings so that we lean towards a particular result. This article provides a pictorial review of the major changes which may occur within the abdomen in dogs and cats, as well as different types of abdominal pathology.
Managing the veterinary input on large dairy herds
Authors: Reader Jon
Published: July 2019

This article sets out some of the main considerations and challenges for managing the veterinary input in large dairy herds. It focuses on the way that the veterinarian can satisfy the demands of the modern day dairy farmer while facilitating an expert team on the farm, including the targeted use of paraprofessionals working in conjunction with the vet to provide a cost‐effective but professional service.
Role of inherited thrombophilic profile on survival of patients with sepsis
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra , Papadimitriou-Olivgeris Matthaios , Karakantza Marina , Marangos Markos
Published: July 2019

The existence of various coagulation and/or fibrinolytic system disorders (such as inherited thrombophilia) in patients with sepsis could possibly modify host response to infection as well as patient outcome. The aim of the study is to investigate inherited thrombophilic profile in patients with sepsis. Eighty-three patients with sepsis admitted at the Department of Internal Medicine of the University General Hospital of Patras, Greece were included. Thrombophilic profile (factor V G1691A (Leiden), factor V H1299R (R2), prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, factor XIII V34L, β-fibrinogen-455 G-A and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 4G/5G) was evaluated using the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) StripAssay based on DNA isolation, PCR and reverse hybridisation. Data were collected from patients’ chart reviews. Seventy patients (84.3%) of the 83 enrolled had at least one thrombophilic mutation. The most common mutations were heterozygous for β-fibrinogen-455 G-A (43.4%), heterozygous for factor XIII V34L (32.5%), PAI-1 4G/4G (26.5%), homozygous MTHFR C677T (22.9%), heterozygous factor V H1299R (R2) (13.3%) and homozygous MTHFR A1298C (12.0%). A 30-day mortality was 14.5%. Multivariate analysis revealed that mortality was independently associated with Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score on admission, pneumonia and fibrinogen on admission. Nine patients (10.8%) developed septic shock. Coagulation disorders on admission, bacteraemia and PAI-1 genotype 5G/5G were independently associated with development of septic shock. The presence of thrombophilic mutations in patients with sepsis may affect their clinical response, and future studies are needed in order to elucidate the role of isolated thrombophilic mutations in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Cancer incidence among workers with blood lead measurements in two countries
Authors: Steenland Kyle , Barry Vaughn , Anttila Ahti , Sallmen Markku , Mueller William , Ritchie Peter , McElvenny Damien Martin , Straif Kurt
Published: July 2019

Objective

Study carcinogenicity of inorganic lead, classified as ‘probably carcinogenic’ to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (brain, lung, kidney and stomach).

Methods

We conducted internal and external analyses for cancer incidence in two cohorts of 29 874 lead-exposed workers with past blood lead data (Finland, n=20 752, Great Britain=9122), with 6790 incident cancers. Exposure was maximum measured blood lead.

Results

The combined cohort had a median maximum blood lead of 29 μg/dL, a mean first blood lead test of 1977, and was 87% male. Significant (p<0.05) positive trends, using the log of maximum blood lead, were found for brain cancer (malignant), Hodgkin’s lymphoma, lung cancer and rectal cancer, while a significant negative trend was found for melanoma. Borderline significant positive trends (0.05≤p≤0.10) were found for oesophageal cancer, meningioma and combined malignant/benign brain cancer. Categorical analyses reflected these trends. Significant interactions by country were found for lung, brain and oesophageal cancer, with Finland showing strong positive trends, and Great Britain showing modest or no trends. Larynx cancer in Finland also showed a positive trend (p=0.05). External analyses for high exposure workers (maximum blood lead >40 μg/dL) showed a significant excess for lung cancer in both countries combined, and significant excesses in Finland for brain and lung cancer. The Great Britain data were limited by small numbers for some cancers, and limited variation in exposure.

Conclusions

We found strong positive incidence trends with increasing blood lead level, for several outcomes in internal analysis. Two of these, lung and brain cancer, were sites of a priori interest.
Systematic review of prognostic factors for work participation in patients with sciatica
Authors: Oosterhuis Teddy , Smaardijk Veerle R , Kuijer P Paul FM , Langendam Miranda W , Frings-Dresen Monique H W , Hoving Jan L
Published: July 2019

Sciatica impacts on the ability to work and may lead to a reduced return to work. This study reviewed and summarised prognostic factors of work participation in patients who received conservative or surgical treatment for clinically diagnosed sciatica. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO until January 2018. Cohort studies, using a measure of work participation as outcome, were included. Two independent reviewers performed study inclusion and used the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool for risk of bias assessment and GRADE to rate the quality of the evidence. Based on seven studies describing six cohorts (n=1408 patients) that assessed 21 potential prognostic factors, favourable factors for return to work (follow-up ranging from 3 months to 10 years) included younger age, better general health, less low back pain or sciatica bothersomeness, better physical function, negative straight leg raise-test, physician expecting surgery to be beneficial, better pain coping, less depression and mental stress, less fear of movement and low physical work load. Study results could not be pooled. Using GRADE, the quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low, with downgrading mainly for a high risk of bias and imprecision. Several prognostic factors like pain, disability and psychological factors were identified and reviewed, and these could be targeted using additional interventions to optimise return to work. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016042497.
The Swansea 6D model: a diagnostic and conversational framework for supervisors, mentors and doctors in training
Authors: McKimm Judy , Vogan Claire L , Roberts Chris , Nash Eleanor , Hothersall Eleanor , Jones Paul Kneath
Published: July 2019

Doctors in training are particularly vulnerable to stress and burnout, with the transition into the early parts of training being a period of acute anxiety. Supervisors and mentors have a key role to play in helping trainees make the transition from medical student to practising doctor. This often involves professional conversations, ranging from the relatively routine to difficult issues. The Swansea 6D model has been designed as a guidance tool which provides a simple, memorable framework around which conversations can be structured in terms of identifying meaningful expectations, providing explanations and reframing situations.
Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains
Authors: Engel Richard E. , Romero Carlos M. , Carr Patrick , Torrion Jessica A.
Published: July 2019

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.
Research on the low-frequency pressure generator based on magnetic fluid
Authors: Yang Wenrong , Zhai Yao , Yang Xiaorui
Published: July 2019

To solve the problems that the existing pressure generators require high mechanical excitation frequency, need large manufacturing cost and are hard to control, a kind of pressure generator with low-frequency based on magnetic fluid is proposed in this paper. Magnetic fluid possesses the advantages of both magnetism of solid magnetic material and fluidity of liquid. The first-order buoyancy of magnetic fluid changes with low frequency alternating magnetic field. Based on this, the superimposed magnetic field is generated by electrifying the conical solenoid coil connected with the long solenoid coil with magnetic core in parallel. Magnetic field and magnetic force in the model are analyzed, then the relationship between input current and output pressure is calculated. In addition, the experimental platform is built and the performance of the device is tested. The result shows that the pressure generator can produce the corresponding pressure signal according to the input current.
Periodic and decay mode solutions of the generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Liu Jiangen
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we can obtain periodic and decay mode solutions of the generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries (gvc-KdV) equation for the first time by using the multivariate transformation technique. Periodic solutions are doubly and triply periodic solutions, and the decay mode solutions include the 1-decay solution and the 2-decay mode solution. Furthermore, we will also study the effect of variation of parameters for solutions systematically, relating to different forms of expression, through graphic display.
Policy Note: "Economic Tools to Achieve Groundwater Sustainability for Nature: Two Experimental Case Studies from California"
Authors: Matsumoto Sandi , Rohde Melissa M. , Heard Sarah
Published: July 2019

Groundwater is a critical water supply around the world and is increasingly under threat from pumping that exceeds natural replenishment. California is taking on this challenge with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of 2014, which seeks to reliably manage groundwater to meet current and future water needs for the economy, communities and environment. Successful implementation of SGMA depends on the ability of local agencies to work with stakeholders to develop plans and implement projects that reduce groundwater use, increase recharge and efficiently allocate pumping. With more than 250 local agencies undertaking actions to address groundwater overdraft, California serves as a unique laboratory for testing new ways to achieve groundwater management. At the same time, economic tools are increasingly being utilized to secure or deliver water to the environment. For the past several years, The Nature Conservancy has been testing ways that economic tools can help achieve groundwater sustainability. This paper presents case studies that illustrate how two forms of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) — a groundwater market and a multi-benefit recharge incentive program — are being used in California to achieve groundwater sustainability to simultaneously meet the water needs of people and nature.
Two Neoarchean tectonothermal events on the western edge of the North Atlantic Craton, as revealed by SIMS dating of the Saglek Block, Nain Province, Labrador
Authors: Dunkley Daniel J. , Kusiak Monika A. , Wilde Simon A. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Sałacińska Anna , Kielman Ross , Konečný Patrik
Published: July 2019

The Saglek Block forms the northern part of the Nain Province and underwent widespread metamorphism at
c.
2.7 Ga, producing the dominant gneissosity and intercalation of supracrustal sequences. Zircon dating of gneiss samples collected along 80 km of the Labrador coast from Ramah Bay in the north to Hebron Fjord in the south confirms the widespread extent of high-grade metamorphism between 2750 and 2700 Ma. In addition, a distinct event between 2550 and 2510 Ma produced felsic melt with peritectic garnet in metavolcanic gneiss and granoblastic recrystallization in mafic granulite. Ductile deformation of granite emplaced at
c.
2550 Ma indicates that this later event involved a degree of tectonism during high-
T
metamorphism. Such tectonism may be related to a hypothesized post-2.7 Ga juxtaposition of the predominantly Eoarchean Saglek Block against the Mesoarchean Hopedale Block, along a north–south boundary that extends from the coast near Nain to offshore of Saglek Bay. Evidence of reworking of
c.
2.7 Ga gneisses by
c.
2.5 Ga tectonothermal activity has been found elsewhere on the margins of the North Atlantic Craton, of which the Nain Province represents the western margin. In particular, a recent suggestion that
c.
2.5 Ga metamorphic ages along the northern margin of the North Atlantic Craton in SW Greenland may record the final assembly of the craton could also apply to the western margin as represented by the rocks of the Nain Province.

Supplementary material:
Plots and geochemical data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4567934
Geochemical and petrographic variations in pseudotachylyte along the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, Scotland
Authors: O'Callaghan J.W. , Osinski G.R.
Published: July 2019

The islands of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland host a
c.
200 km long fault zone that was active between 1100 and 250 Ma, during which time a belt of fault rock several kilometres wide was created. The fault zone hosts crush breccias, phyllonite, mylonite and pseudotachylyte. The latter unit is often found in major fault zones and within meteorite impact structures. Although pseudotachylyte is widely believed to be a product of frictional melting within a fault zone, there is still controversy over the specific mechanisms of formation. Pseudotachylyte was collected from the southern block of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone. A geochemical mixing model was applied to reconstruct the geochemistry of the pseudotachylyte matrix using the locally available lithologies. The results show that the pseudotachylyte could have been derived from the local country rock, although some mixing was necessary to provide accurate reconstructions, suggesting a degree of mixing between melts derived from different protoliths. Petrographic observations identified additional characteristics of melt transportation, including transported clasts, aligned fragments, melt segregation and injection of the melt into tensile fractures. The latter probably served as the transport mechanism, drawing melt into the low-pressure tensile structures that developed adjacent to the melt-forming zones within the fault plane.

Supplementary Material
: Sample site co-ordinates and electron microprobe settings are available at:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4567931
TileGAN
Authors: Frühstück Anna , Alhashim Ibraheem , Wonka Peter
Published: July 2019

We tackle the problem of texture synthesis in the setting where many input images are given and a large-scale output is required. We build on recent generative adversarial networks and propose two extensions in this paper. First, we propose an algorithm to combine outputs of GANs trained on a smaller resolution to produce a large-scale plausible texture map with virtually no boundary artifacts. Second, we propose a user interface to enable artistic control. Our quantitative and qualitative results showcase the generation of synthesized high-resolution maps consisting of up to hundreds of megapixels as a case in point.
History of Fortran
Authors: Metcalf Michael
Published: July 2019

Questions often arise that relate to the history of Fortran and to the development of its various standards: "why was feature x included/excluded?" "which statement was in which standard?" "was there a conspiracy to do this, that or the other?" etc.

Answers to all these questions and more can be found in the literature. I have assembled a short list of books, journals and Web links that should be relatively easy to find or obtain in a good academic library, in the hope that it can be of service to such enquirers.
Dynamics of the power-duration relationship during prolonged endurance exercise and influence of carbohydrate ingestion
Authors: Clark Ida E. , Vanhatalo Anni , Thompson Christopher , Joseph Charlotte , Black Matthew I. , Blackwell Jamie R. , Wylie Lee J. , Tan Rachel , Bailey Stephen J. , Wilkins Brad W. , Kirby Brett S. , Jones Andrew M.
Published: July 2019

We tested the hypotheses that the parameters of the power-duration relationship, estimated as the end-test power (EP) and work done above EP (WEP) during a 3-min all-out exercise test (3MT), would be reduced progressively after 40 min, 80 min, and 2 h of heavy-intensity cycling and that carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion would attenuate the reduction in EP and WEP. Sixteen participants completed a 3MT without prior exercise (control), immediately after 40 min, 80 min, and 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise while consuming a placebo beverage, and also after 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise while consuming a CHO supplement (60 g/h CHO). There was no difference in EP measured without prior exercise (260 ± 37 W) compared with EP after 40 min (268 ± 39 W) or 80 min (260 ± 40 W) of heavy-intensity exercise; however, after 2 h EP was 9% lower compared with control (236 ± 47 W; P < 0.05). There was no difference in WEP measured without prior exercise (17.9 ± 3.3 kJ) compared with after 40 min of heavy-intensity exercise (16.1 ± 3.3 kJ), but WEP was lower ( P < 0.05) than control after 80 min (14.7 ± 2.9 kJ) and 2 h (13.8 ± 2.7 kJ). Compared with placebo, CHO ingestion negated the reduction of EP following 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise (254 ± 49 W) but had no effect on WEP (13.5 ± 3.4 kJ). These results reveal a different time course for the deterioration of EP and WEP during prolonged endurance exercise and indicate that EP is sensitive to CHO availability.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The parameters of the power-duration relationship [critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (W′)] have typically been considered to be static. Here we report the time course for reductions in CP and W′, as estimated with the 3-min all-out cycle test, during 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise. We also show that carbohydrate ingestion during exercise preserves CP, but not W′, without altering muscle glycogen depletion. These results provide new mechanistic and practical insight into the power-duration curve and its relationship to exercise-related fatigue development.
The Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity in the Infants following Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Lixiong , Shao Weiyang , Li Na , Tian Chunyu , Jia Hongzhen , Peng Xiujun , Shi Qian
Published: July 2019

Currently, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is increasing. Because of the poor prognosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the association between ART and the ROP has been explored in several studies, but the result was still inconclusive. Conducting a meta-analysis, we evaluated the risk of ROP in relation to the ART. Subgroup analysis as well as groups with different embryo numbers and different ROP stages was further analyzed. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies recording data about both the use of ART and ROP occurrence simultaneously. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to analyze the association by using random- or fixed-effect models based on heterogeneity test. In total 15 observational studies containing 10392 ART cases and 39474 spontaneous conception cases were included. Results showed that there was a significant association between the use of ART and ROP occurrence in the offspring (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.73, P = 0.02). With subgroup analysis, we found that the influence actually came from a subgroup of ART, the in vitro fertilization (IVF). Moreover, there was a significant association between ART and ROP in singletons. Though insignificant, the ORs were larger than 1 in the analysis between ART and stage 1 and 2 ROP. But ART showed significant association with stage 3 ROP. Our study preliminarily indicated that the use of IVF was associated with higher risk of ROP occurrence. And ART is more likely to result in severe ROP and ROP in singletons. Further specific, high-quality studies with large sample size are still needed to draw more precise conclusion.
Derivations and Deformations of δ-Jordan Lie Supertriple Systems
Authors: Wang Shengxiang , Zhang Xiaohui , Guo Shuangjian
Published: July 2019

Let T be a δ-Jordan Lie supertriple system. We first introduce the notions of generalized derivations and representations of T and present some properties. Also, we study the low-dimensional cohomology and the coboundary operator of T, and then we investigate the deformations and Nijenhuis operators of T by choosing some suitable cohomologies.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Predicts Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Chuanmei , Li Lingling , Tu Xiongwen , Lu Zhiwei
Published: July 2019

<?tex id="Q1" staff-cmt="It is very important for the corresponding author to have a linked ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account on MTS. To register a linked ORCID account, please go to the Account Update page (http://mts.hindawi.com/update/) in our Manuscript Tracking System and after you have logged in click on the ORCID link at the top of the page. This link will take you to the ORCID website where you will be able to create an account for yourself. Once you have done so, your new ORCID will be saved in our Manuscript Tracking System automatically. "?>Purpose. This study aims at investigating the predictive value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods. 213 eligible in-hospital COPD patients were reviewed between May 2016 and May 2018, including 39 cases with PH and 174 without PH. Clinical data including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and results of ultrasound scans, imaging examinations, and laboratory tests were recorded.Results. Increased RDW level was observed in COPD patients with PH compared with COPD patients without PH, with 15.10 ± 1.72% versus 13.70 ± 1.03%, respectively (p<0.001). RDW shared positive relationships with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (p=0.001,r = 0.513), pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure (p=0.014,r = 0.390), and PA-to-ascending aorta (A) ratio (PA : A) (p=0.001,r = 0.502). Multivariate analysis indicated that RDW, BNP, and PA : A > 1 were the independent risk factors of PH secondary to COPD (p<0.05). The AUC of the RDW in patients with PH was 0.749 ± 0.054 (p<0.001). The optimal cutoff value of RDW for predicting PH was 14.65, with a sensitivity and a specificity value of 69.2% and 82.8%, respectively.Conclusion. RDW is significantly increased in COPD patients with PH and thus may be a useful biomarker for PH secondary to COPD.
Chylothorax and Chylopericardium: A Complication of Long-Term Central Venous Catheter Use
Authors: Livesay James , Biney Isaac , Turner J. Francis
Published: July 2019

The development of chylothorax and chylopericardium is an uncommon complication of the long-term use of central venous catheters. We describe a unique case of an end stage renal disease patient on hemodialysis with a left jugular tunneled catheter who developed superior vena cava syndrome. Our patient presented with both a large pleural and pericardial effusion that despite drainage continued to reaccumulate. Further imaging with CT scan of the thorax revealed stenosis of the superior vena cava leading to recurrent chylothorax and chylopericardium.
Coordinate Control of Power/Current for Grid‐Connected Inverter Based on PCI Controller under Unbalanced Grid Conditions
Authors: Zhao Chencong , Liu Jun , Xie Zhouhua , Zhou Feihang
Published: July 2019

The oscillations on output power and distortion of the inverter currents will occur in the case of unbalanced grid voltage faults. Constant output power and good current quality cannot be achieved simultaneously. Aiming at these problems, a coordinate control strategy for suppressing power fluctuations and current harmonics is proposed by analyzing instantaneous power control and current balance control. The proposed control is achieved by adjusting the weight coefficient of current reference values to change the current harmonic contents based on proportional complex integral (PCI) controller and proportional multiple complex integral (PMCI) controller. The control strategy with a simple control structure neither needs to detect harmonic components of the inverter currents, nor needs to separate the positive and negative components of voltage and current, which is easy to be realized. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control are verified by the comparison and analysis of simulation.
Gravações performadas
Authors: Bertho Renan Moretti
Published: July 2019

A presente comunicação observa como as transformações ocorridas entre as décadas de 1920 e 1960 impulsionaram a construção de concepções morais, convenções estéticas e pressupostos ideológicos que se perpetuaram ao longo do tempo e continuam presentes até hoje na prática do choro. Para tanto, utilizo dados etnográficos construídos ao longo da minha pesquisa de mestrado (Bertho, 2015), relacionando-os a autores como Bessa (2010), Saraiva (2008) e Turino (2018).
Pianism: performance communication and the playing technique
Authors: James Barbara
Published: July 2019

A pianist’s movements are fundamental to music-making by producing the musical sounds and the expressive movements of the trunk and arms which communicate the music’s structural and emotional information making it valuable for this review to examine upper-body movement in the performance process in combination with the factors important in skill acquisition. The underpinning playing technique must be efficient with economic muscle use by using body segments according to their design and movement potential with the arm segments mechanically linked to produce coordinated and fluent movement. Two physiologically and pianistically important actions proposed by early music scientists to deliver the keystroke involve dropping the hand from the shoulders towards the keys via a wave action with the joints activated sequentially, and forearm rotation to position the fingers for the keystroke, an action followed by the elbow/upper-arm rotating in the opposite direction. Both actions spare the forearm muscles by generating the energy needed in the larger shoulder muscles. The hand in the playing position has a curved palm through action of the metacarpal (knuckle) joints and curved fingers. Palm/finger posture controls sound quality from loud, high tempo sounds to a more mellow legato articulation, and to perform effectively the forearms should slope down towards the keyboard. The technique must be automatic through systematic practice which develops the motor skills for proficient playing, with practice duration tempered to reduce the risk of causing injury through overuse of the forearm muscles. Efficient movement patterns and strategic muscle relaxation which results in faster movement are realized only through extensive training. The constant movements of the head and trunk, and flowing arm movement with frequent hand lifts and rotational elbow movements, although generated in producing the playing technique, resonate with audience members who perceive them as expressive and thereby creating in them an empathic engagement with the music. It was proposed that music students be trained in the mechanical aspects of upper-body use in the playing technique, and practice strategies, with specialist pedagogy for children to develop motor skills for efficient playing, and training methods fostering an appreciation of the communicative aspects of music performance.
Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Contribute to Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Moss M. Elizabeth , Lu Qing , Iyer Surabhi L. , Engelbertsen Daniel , Marzolla Vincenzo , Caprio Massimiliano , Lichtman Andrew H. , Jaffe Iris Z.
Published: July 2019

Objective:

MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) activation is associated with cardiovascular ischemia in humans. This study explores the role of the MR in atherosclerotic mice of both sexes and identifies a sex-specific role for endothelial cell (EC)-MR in vascular inflammation.

Approach and Results:

In the AAV-PCSK9 (adeno-associated virus-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) mouse atherosclerosis model, MR inhibition attenuated vascular inflammation in males but not females. Further studies comparing male and female littermates with intact MR or EC-MR deletion revealed that although EC-MR deletion did not affect plaque size in either sex, it reduced aortic arch inflammation specifically in male mice as measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, MR-intact females had larger plaques but were protected from vascular inflammation compared with males. Intravital microscopy of the mesenteric vasculature demonstrated that EC-MR deletion attenuated TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α)-induced leukocyte slow rolling and adhesion in males, while females exhibited fewer leukocyte-endothelial interactions with no additional effect of EC-MR deletion. These effects corresponded with decreased TNFα-induced expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and E-selectin in males with EC-MR deletion compared with MR-intact males and females of both genotypes. These observations were also consistent with MR and estrogen regulation of ICAM-1 transcription and E-selectin expression in primary cultured mouse ECs and human umbilical vein ECs.

Conclusions:

In male mice, EC-MR deletion attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions, plaque inflammation, and expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1, providing a potential mechanism by which the MR promotes vascular inflammation. In females, plaque inflammation and leukocyte-endothelial interactions are decreased relative to males and EC-MR deletion is not protective.
Diagnostic Impact of
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F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and White Blood Cell SPECT/Computed Tomography in Patients With Suspected Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Chronic Infection
Authors: Calais Jérémie , Touati Aziza , Grall Nathalie , Laouénan Cédric , Benali Khadija , Mahida Besma , Vigne Jonathan , Hyafil Fabien , Iung Bernard , Duval Xavier , Lepage Laurent , Le Guludec Dominique , Rouzet François
Published: July 2019

Background:

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) chronic infection diagnosis is challenging because the clinical presentation is frequently misleading and echocardiography may be inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of
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F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) and radiolabeled white blood cells single photon emission CT/CT in a cohort of patients who underwent both scans for suspicion of CIED infection and inconclusive routine investigations.

Methods:

Forty-eight consecutive patients with suspicion of CIED infection who underwent both
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F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT and white blood cell single photon emission CT/CT in a time span ≤30 days were retrospectively included. The final diagnosis of CIED infection by the endocarditis expert team was based on the modified Duke-Li classification at the end of follow-up.
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F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT and white blood cell single photon emission CT/CT scans were independently analyzed blinded to the patients’ medical record.

Results:

In the overall study population, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were respectively 80%, 91%, 80%, and 91% for
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F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT and 60%, 100%, 100%, and 85% for white blood cell single photon emission CT/CT. Addition of a positive nuclear imaging scan as a major criterion markedly improved the Duke-Li classification at admission. Semiquantitative parameters did not allow to discriminate between definite and rejected CIED infection. Prolonged antibiotic therapy before imaging tended to decrease the sensitivity for both techniques.

Conclusions:

Nuclear imaging can improve the diagnostic performances of the Duke-Li score at admission in a selected population of patients with suspected CIED infection, particularly when the infection was initially graded as possible. Whenever possible, imaging should be performed before or early after antibiotic initiation.