bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusarium diversity associated with diseased cereals in China, with an updated phylogenomic assessment of the genus
Authors: Han S.L. , Wang M.M. , Ma Z.Y. , Raza M. , Zhao P. , Liang J.M. , Gao M. , Li Y.J. , Wang J.W. , Hu D.M. , Cai L.
Published: February 2023

Fusarium species are important cereal pathogens that cause severe production losses to major cereal crops such as maize, rice, and wheat. However, the causal agents of Fusarium diseases on cereals have not been well documented because of the difficulty in species identification
and the debates surrounding generic and species concepts. In this study, we used a citizen science initiative to investigate diseased cereal crops (maize, rice, wheat) from 250 locations, covering the major cereal-growing regions in China. A total of 2 020 Fusarium strains were isolated
from 315 diseased samples. Employing multi-locus phylogeny and morphological features, the above strains were identified to 43 species, including eight novel species that are described in this paper. A world checklist of cereal-associated Fusarium species is provided, with 39 and 52
new records updated for the world and China, respectively. Notably, 56 % of samples collected in this study were observed to have co-infections of more than one Fusarium species, and the detailed associations are discussed. Following Koch's postulates, 18 species were first confirmed
as pathogens of maize stalk rot in this study. Furthermore, a high-confidence species tree was constructed in this study based on 1 001 homologous loci of 228 assembled genomes (40 genomes were sequenced and provided in this study), which supported the "narrow" generic concept of Fusarium
(=Gibberella). This study represents one of the most comprehensive surveys of cereal Fusarium diseases to date. It significantly improves our understanding of the global diversity and distribution of cereal-associated Fusarium species, as well as largely clarifies the
phylogenetic relationships within the genus.
Valențe ale principiului loialității administrării probelor în dreptul procesual penal român
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, ȘOLOGON Giulia
Published: February 2023

"The principle of finding the truth implies the obligation of the judicial authority to carry out an effective investigation, ex officio, as soon as the commission of a crime is brought to their attention. To ensure the fair and efficient nature of this investigation, finding out the truth must be related to two derived principles: the principle of freedom of evidence and the principle of procedural loyalty. Procedural loyalty was originally understood as an obligation of those who participate in the discovery of the truth in any way, regardless of the procedural position they have, to behave correctly, being forbidden to those who administer evidence to use incorrect procedures, tricks or stratagems. The current regulation configured the principle of loyalty in accordance with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, establishes that there is a lack of loyalty if the judicial authority uses procedures inconsistent with the fundamental principles of the legal order in order to obtain evidence. Disloyalty evokes deception, artifice, promise, threat, all of which have the effect of reducing or suppressing free will, and ultimately distorting the truth that the judge must determine. The present study aims to analyze the principle of the loyalty from a double perspective, national and European, referring both to the scope of the principle and to its particular forms of manifestation, respectively: the prohibition of coercion in taking statements of the defendant and the prohibition of entrapment, regardless of whether they come from judicial bodies or individuals. In the final part of the article, an analysis of the sanctions that intervene in the case of the violation of procedural loyalty is carried out, both by referring to the solution proposed in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, and to the need to retain the autonomous character of the sanction of the exclusion of illegally or unfairly administered evidence."
Human Rights in the context of Financial Market Abuse
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, PÂRGARU Dragoș
Published: February 2023

In this article, the author reviews the European Union law regarding market abuse from a human rights perspective. Setting the foundation for the discussion from a historical perspective on the different legislative approaches on the issue of market abuse, the article continues with the ECHR’s and CJEU’s relevant case-law on the subject. Mainly, the right to a fair trial and the ne bis in idem rule are the fundamental rights that should be looked at closely when placing the market abuse regulations under scrutiny. Certain irregularities of the legislation are outlined. Also, the article tries to point out on which aspects improvements should be pursued.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)-BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Authors: Martí-Brenes Prof. Dr. Martí-Brenes
Published: February 2023

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.-The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information.At: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/dr.cs.mauricio.marti brenes.1/cv/725135/Affiliation: National Library of Medicine
SAPA DESA PANJALU (Menyapa Desa Dengan Teknologi)
Authors: Suryawijaya Tito Wira Eka , Priono Samuel Adi , Sunarto Ocky Tri Gogik , Christina Imelda Febri , Sari Fina Krismawati Kartika
Published: February 2023

Law Number 6 of 2014 grants autonomy to villages to govern themselves. Large amounts of funds are allocated to villages for the purpose of developing their communities, making it essential to optimize the Village Information System (SID), particularly in managing village funds. However, in Karangrejo Village, Kediri Regency, SID has not been fully optimized, resulting in limited access to information, transparency in village activities, development of village potentials, and a lack of transparency in public information related to village programs. Thus, the Sapa Desa Panjalu program was initiated to increase awareness and knowledge among the community and village officials in implementing a government based on the Online Information System (SIOn). The program aims to optimize SID, increase transparency and accountability in managing village finances, and promote branding of local Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). It will assist Karangrejo Village in developing a website and social media, a guidebook on village fund management, digital profiles of the village, optimizing SID in implementing village governance, and a web-based Data House containing a detailed and comprehensive database of village residents. The program will include training on optimizing SIOn and social media for the village, as well as monitoring and evaluation to ensure that activities are in line with the plan. Sapa Desa Panjalu aims to help Karangrejo Village recover from the pandemic by utilizing technology and collaboration between village officials, community members, and especially youth to remain active, participative, and productive. This program is in line with the village branding used, 'Karangrejo Bangkit' (Karangrejo Rise Up).
An Experimental Investigation of the Causal Role of Mental Imagery in the Experience of Involuntary Memories
Authors: Bagheri  , Woud Marcella Lydia , Oglou Ilker Fachri , Oglou Fatma Fachri , Ratzkowski Julian D. J. , Margraf Jürgen , Blackwell Simon Edward
Published: February 2023

Involuntary memories are thought to affect emotion, cognition, and behaviour, and it is often assumed that their impact is amplified when they are rich in mental imagery. However, this assumption has yet to be directly investigated. The current study tested a newly-developed paradigm designed to induce involuntary memories and provide a means to test the role of mental imagery directly. In a within-subject design, an unselected young adult (mostly student) sample (N = 53) participated in a lab-based study. Participants generated emotionally-valenced mental images or sentences via combining ambiguous pictures with positive or negative word captions. They then completed tasks designed to trigger involuntary memories of the previously generated images and sentences. Voluntary retrieval of the picture-word pairs was also assessed. Participants reported experiencing involuntary memories of previously generated images and sentences, but there were no detectable effects of mental imagery on measures of involuntary memory. However, participants recalled more word captions from picture-word pairs used to generate images than those used to generate sentences. Overall, the newly developed paradigm provides a means to test assumptions about the impact and functions of involuntary memories directly via experimental manipulation, opening up a number of opportunities for future research.
Readers target words where they expect to minimize uncertainty
Authors: Carr Jon W , Fantini Monica , Perrotti Lorena , Crepaldi Davide
Published: February 2023

Skilled readers use multiple heuristics to guide their eye movements during reading. One possible cue that readers may rely on is the way in which information about word identity is typically spread across words. In many (but not all) languages, words are, on average, more informative on the left, predicting that readers should have a preference for left-of-center fixation when targeting words. Any such effect will, however, be modulated by important perceptual constraints and may be masked by various confounding factors. In three experiments with artificially constructed lexicons, we provide causal evidence that the way in which a language distributes information affects how readers land on words. We further support our analyses with a Bayesian cognitive model of visual word recognition that predicts where readers ought to fixate in order to minimize uncertainty about word identity. Taken together, our findings suggest that global properties of the lexicon may play a role in isolated word targeting, and may therefore make a contribution to eye movement behavior in more natural reading settings.
Recall and recognition of discourse memory across sleep and wake
Authors: Mak Matthew HC , Curtis Adam James , Rodd Jennifer M , Gaskell M. Gareth
Published: February 2023

The episodic context account (Gaskell et al., 2019) proposes that the act of language comprehension gives rise to an episodic discourse representation, and that this representation is prone to sleep-related memory effects. In three experiments, we tested this prediction by asking participants to read/listen to naturalistic stories before their memory was tested after a 12-hr interval, which included either daytime wakefulness or overnight sleep. To assess discourse memory, we used sentence recognition (Experiment 1; N = 386), free story recall (Experiment 2; N = 96), and cued recall (Experiments 2 and 3; N = 192). We found no evidence of sleep-related effects in sentence recognition or free recall, but cued recall (aka fill-in-the-blank) showed that the degree of time-related distortion, as indexed by both a subjective categorisation measure and Latent Semantic Analysis, was lower after sleep than after wake. Overall, our experiments suggest that the effect of sleep on discourse memory is modest but observable and may [1] be constrained by the retrieval processes (recollection vs. familiarity & associative vs. item), [2] lie on a qualitative level that is difficult to detect in an all-or-nothing scoring metric, and [3] primarily situated in the textbase level of the tripartite model of discourse processing.
Community-Engaged Research is Best Positioned to Catalyze Systemic Change
Authors: Caggiano Holly , Constantino Sara Madureira , Lees Jeffrey Martin , Majumdar Rohini , Weber Elke U.
Published: February 2023

Addressing many social challenges requires both structural and behavioral change. The binary of an i- and s-frame obscures how behavioral science can help foster bottom-up collective action. Adopting a community-frame perspective moves towards a more integrative view of how social change emerges, and how it might be promoted by policymakers and publics in service of addressing challenges like climate change.
The Dynamics of Social Experiences in the Context of Extended Lockdown
Authors: Tran Anh , Bianchi Valentina , Moeck Ella , Clarke Beth , Moore Isobel , Burney Skye , Koval Peter , Kalokerinos Elise Katherine , Greenaway Katharine Helen
Published: February 2023

Social interaction and loneliness have received much research interest. However, the direction of their relationship is unclear—does social interaction shape loneliness, or does loneliness shape willingness to interact? We explored dynamics of these social experiences under exceptional circumstances: COVID-19 lockdowns, which were necessary for public health but impacted people’s social lives. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between social interaction and loneliness in and out of lockdown in Australia. We used experience sampling methodology to follow 233 people across one week (Mage=30; 8,495 surveys) in a period that spanned one of the longest lockdowns in the world. While loneliness did not predict subsequent social interaction, having a social interaction predicted lower subsequent loneliness, particularly in (vs. out of) lockdown. These findings suggest social interactions may limit loneliness, especially during physical isolation. In short, times when we are apart from others may be times we benefit from interacting with them most.
Child Fostering in a Changing Climate: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ronnkvist Sara , Thiede Brian C. , Barber Emma
Published: February 2023

An extensive social science literature has examined the effects of climate change on human migration. Prior studies have focused largely on the out-migration of working-age adults or entire households, with less attention to migration and other forms of geographic mobility among other age groups, including youth. In this study, we focus on the implications of climate variability for the movement of children by examining the association between climate exposures and the in- and out-fostering of children in sub-Saharan Africa. We link high-resolution temperature and precipitation records to data from the Demographic and Health Surveys for 23 sub-Saharan African countries. We fit a series of regression models to measure the overall associations between climate exposures and each outcome, and then evaluate whether these associations are moderated by socioeconomic status, the number of children in the household, and the prevalence of fostering in each country. Precipitation is positively associated with in-fostering overall, and these effects are especially strong among households who already have at least one child and in countries where child fostering is common. We find no overall relationship between either temperature or precipitation exposures and out-fostering, but we do detect significant effects among households with many children and those with more-educated heads. In sum, our findings suggest climate variability can influence child mobility, albeit in complex and in some cases context-specific ways. Given the socioeconomic and health implications of fostering, these results underline another pathway through which climate exposures can affect children’s wellbeing. More broadly, this study shows that new attention to the links between climate variability, child fostering, and other understudied forms of spatial mobility is needed to fully understand the effects of climate change on human populations.
The WTO Law and the Global Economic Governance Framework: A Normative Perspective
Authors: Aliu Armando , Aliu Dorian
Published: February 2023

The research aims to analyze the impact of the World Trade Organization on enhancing the legitimacy of global economic governance within the scope of the WTO law. The world economic outlook and macro-data indicators demonstrate that the convergence of interests amongst state actors and nonstate actors reinforces the efficiency of Bretton Woods institutions, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The objective of this study is to highlight the fact that the WTO has vital efforts to strengthen the legitimacy of the global economic governance mechanism and liberalize economic activity in the world economic system. In a more liberalized transnational relations environment, the activities, operations, and efforts of nonstate actors provide a ground to stabilize economic cooperation and sustainable development. From a macro perspective, the study aims to monitor the first five-year period of the global financial crisis (2008-2013) and present the descriptive statistics and intercorrelations for 36 OECD countries. The research results indicate that 36 states’ governments should develop sustainable solutions to issues related to GDP, social security, and public / private expenditure in global economic governance platforms. In collaboration with governments, the WTO’s role is vital to cooperate with ILO and enhance its legitimacy and efficiency in labor relations, industrial relations, and employment protection. The research results illustrate that global economic governance has been reshaped by a ‘duality of global governance approach’ (i.e., a de facto G2: US-China relations), and the principles of global economic development have been reconstructed during the transition period from the Washington consensus to the Beijing consensus (G2 hegemony), competitively.
Universities as anarchic knowledge institutions
Authors: Hormio Säde , Reijula Samuli
Published: February 2023

Universities are knowledge institutions. Compared to several other knowledge institutions (e.g., schools, government research organisations, think tanks), research universities have unusual, anarchic organisational features. We argue that such anarchic features are not a weakness. Rather, they reflect the special standing of research universities among knowledge institutions. We contend that the distributed, self-organising mode of knowledge production maintains a diversity of approaches, topics and solutions needed in frontier research, which involves generating relevant knowledge under uncertainty. Organisational disunity and inconsistencies should sometimes be protected by institutional structures and procedures in order for research universities to best serve their purpose as knowledge institutions. The quality control for the knowledge produced stems from knowledge fields, clusters of knowledge and research that exist beyond the confines of individual organisations. The diversity of epistemic contributions is therefore kept in check by the order imposed by the internal logic of science as a social practice. Our argument provides a new defence for the autonomy of research conducted at universities.
Prediction of Continuous Rainfall-Runoff Scenarios for Snow-Fed Watershed of Himachal Pradesh, India using Geographical Information System GIS based on Hydrological Modelling
Authors: Narasayya Kamuju
Published: February 2023

Rainfall runoff modeling is one of the most complex hydrological modeling due to the involvement of different watershed physical parameters. It is essential for the analysis of watershed hydrological response towards the received precipitation under the influence of watershed variables. As it is a replica of watershed hydrological response, Rainfall-Runoff modeling is essential to evaluate the general characteristics of total surface runoff at catchment’s outlet. The main objective of this study was prediction of rainfall runoff using Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System [HEC-HMS] model for Rampur watershed which was covered in Kullu and Shimla districts situated at Upper Sutlej sub-basin of Himachal Pradesh, India. Geo-spatial data of Digital Elevation Model,LandUse-LandCover (LU-LC) map, Soil map and Hydro-meteorological data of rainfall were collected from different open source web portals to utilise as input parameters for modeling. Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) for precipitation loss modeling, Soil Conservation Service–Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph [SCS-UH] for transform modeling, Muskingum method for Runoff routing were used as input parameters of respective components of HEC-HMS model. This article proposes a methodology for generating hourly rainfall data from daily rainfall data using Intensity-Duration-Frequencycurves in Meteorological model of HMS. The simulation results of runoff with 5 different return period scenarios are follows the return period frequency tendency, such as 1000 year return period runoff peak delivers 4729.5 m3/s, 500 year return period delivers a peak runoff of 4263.9 m3/s, 100 year return period gives a peak runoff of 3196.5 m3/s, 50 year return period runoff deliver 2745.3 m3/s and 10 year return period deliver 953.7 m3/s runoff at the outlet of Rampur watershed.
A novel rat model for longitudinal electrophysiological evaluation after cold-induced brain injury
Authors: Maeda Yuyo , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Takeda Masaaki , Kawate Ayano , Kawano Reo , Shimizu Kiyoharu , Kuwabara Masashi , Hosogai Masahiro , Yuge Louis , Horie Nobutaka
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral contusion models of cold-induced injury are widely used in animal studies. However, owing to the difficulty of longitudinal recording of electrical stimulation transcranial motor evoked potential (tcMEP) in brain injury models of incomplete paralysis, to the authors’ knowledge there have been no multimodal evaluations of cold-induced brain injury models that have included motor function and electrophysiological and histological evaluations. Therefore, in this study the authors aimed to perform a multimodal evaluation of a rat model of brain injury.

METHODS

A brain injury model in female rats and a tcMEP recording technique based on the authors’ previous study were established to enable multifaceted analysis, including longitudinal electrophysiological evaluation.

RESULTS

The model showed incomplete paralysis of the right forelimb. Motor function showed recovery over time, and histological evaluation showed tissue changes associated with cerebral contusion. In addition, stable tcMEP waveforms were recorded before and after surgery and up to 4 weeks after injury. The tcMEP amplitude decreased significantly after injury and recovered over time. Furthermore, the amplitudes at 1, 7, and 14 days after injury were significantly lower than those at preinjury (p < 0.0006, p < 0.0007, and p < 0.0067, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In the present study, the authors established a novel cold-induced brain injury rat model and technique that allowed for the evaluation of longitudinal tcMEP recording and demonstrated that multimodal evaluation for brain injury can be performed. This model can potentially be applied in future investigations of various therapies for brain injury.
Single-session stereotactic radiosurgery for large perioptic meningiomas
Authors: El-Shehaby Amr M. N. , Reda Wael A. , Abdel Karim Khaled M. , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Emad Eldin Reem M. , Tawadros Sameh R.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Meningiomas close to the optic pathway are commonly candidates for microsurgical decompression, more so if they are large perioptic meningiomas. However, microsurgery itself imposes risk to vision, and the larger the tumor, the more the risk and the lower the possibility of postoperative visual recovery. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is usually reserved for such cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for large (≥ 10 cm3) perioptic intracranial benign meningiomas.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 175 patients with large perioptic benign meningiomas (≥ 10 cm3) who were treated by single-session SRS. Perioptic meningiomas were defined as meningiomas touching, compressing, or within 3 mm of the optic pathway. The median tumor volume was 15 cm3 (range 10–57.3 cm3, IQR 8.4 cm3). The median prescription dose was 12 Gy (range 9–14 Gy, IQR 1 Gy).

RESULTS

The median follow-up period was 72 months (range 13–217 months, IQR 65 months). The tumor control rate was 92%. The progression-free survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 97% and 80%, respectively. Favorable (better/stable) visual outcome was reported in 169 patients (97%) and unfavorable (worse) outcome in 6 patients (3%). Temporary adverse radiation effects were observed in 21 patients (12%), but only 7 patients (4%) were symptomatic. Sixty-three patients had a blind/nonuseful eye according to the pretreatment visual field examination. Visual improvement was observed in the blind/nonuseful eye in 17 patients (27%), while vision remained unchanged in 46 patients (73%). Ocular nerve palsy improved in 36 patients (61%). Tumor shrinkage was not a prerequisite for cranial nerve improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS provides an effective and safe treatment option for large perioptic meningiomas.
Cerebellar deep brain stimulation for the treatment of movement disorders in cerebral palsy
Authors: Cajigas Iahn , Morrison Melanie A. , Luciano Marta San , Starr Philip A.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral palsy (CP) represents the most common childhood physical disability that encompasses disorders of movement and posture attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developmental fetal or infant brain. Dyskinetic CP (DCP), the second most common type of CP after spastic forms, refers to a subset of patients in whom dystonia and choreoathetosis are the predominant motor manifestations. Most children with CP have abnormal brain MRI studies indicative of cortical and deep gray matter damage consistent with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, which may preclude or suggest decreased efficacy of standard deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets. The cerebellum has been posited as an attractive target for treatment of DCP because it is frequently spared from hypoxic ischemic damage and has shown promise in alleviating patient symptoms both in early work in the 1970s and in more recent case series with DBS.

METHODS

The authors performed bilateral cerebellar DBS implantation, targeting the dentate nucleus (DN) and cerebellar outflow pathway, in 3 patients with DCP. Leads were connected to a pulse generator that senses local field potentials during chronic continuous DBS. The authors report their surgical methods, examples of chronic cerebellar local field potential recordings, and preliminary clinical outcomes. Motor outcomes were assessed using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale.

RESULTS

Three patients 14–22 years old with DCP and MRI evidence of structural damage to the basal ganglia were offered cerebellar stimulation targeting the DN. All patients tolerated the procedure well and demonstrated improvement in subjective motor function as well as objective improvement in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement subscale, although the range of responses was variable (19%–40%). Patients experienced subjective improvement in motor function including ease of hand movements and coordination, gait, head control, speech, decreased overflow, and diminished muscle tightness.

CONCLUSIONS

DBS of the dentate nuclei in patients with DCP appears to be safe and shows preliminary evidence of clinical benefit. New chronic sensing technology may allow for determination of in vivo mechanisms of network disruption in DCP and allow for further understanding of the effects of neuromodulation on brain physiology. Larger studies with long-term follow up will be required to further elucidate the clinical benefits of this therapy. This report addresses a gap in the literature regarding the technical approach to image-based stereotactic targeting and chronic neural recording in the DN.
L’action extérieure de l’Union européenne en matière de démocratie dans une nouvelle réalité géopolitique : Note de synthèse, janvier 2023
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
Published: February 2023

La présente note de synthèse offer un aperçu du rapport complet sur les recommandations intitulé The EU’s External Democracy Action in a New Geopolitical Reality [L’action extérieure de l’Union européenne en matière de démocratie dans une nouvelle réalité géopolitique]. Elle vise à inspirer la future politique de l’UE en matière de démocratie afin que celle-ci puisse défendre la démocratie à l’échelle internationale et au sein de ses frontières, conformément à l’intention de l’UE de renforcer son rôle en tant qu’acteur géopolitique. Ce basculement est à la fois justifié et essentiel compte tenu de l’escalade des tensions géopolitiques, des tendances autoritaires et des ataques récentes contre les fondements de la démocratie, d’une part, et aporte une réponse positive à la dynamique politique qui en résulte, d’autre part.
Yellow Book Learning Management in Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Alwiyah Tuti , Samsun Rodi Hayani , Warisno Andi , Andari An An , Anshori M Afif
Published: February 2023

Learning the yellow book is a teaching and learning process between teachers and students that involves the use of religious books in Arabic letters written by salaf scholars, ancient scholars printed on yellow paper called polar al-turats, the contents of which are treasures of creativity for the development of Islamic civilization in ancient times. The learning methods used in Islamic boarding schools are stratified based on the abilities of the founders of the Islamic boarding schools, ranging from basic to intermediate to high-level religious knowledge, derived from tools science, monotheism science, fiqh science, tasawuf science, and so on. A qualitative approach and descriptive methods were used in the study of yellow book learning management at the Tri Bhakti At-taqwa Rama Puja Islamic Boarding School in East Lampung, beginning with planning, implementation, and evaluation. The study concluded that the students at Tri Bhakti Al-Ihklas Rama Puja Islamic Boarding School, East Lampung, were divided into four levels: (1) ibtida, (2) tsanawi, (3) aliyah, and (4) ma’had aly. The management of yellow book learning at Tri Bhakti At-taqwa Islamic Boarding School has a management plan for yellow book learning by creating a schedule in accordance with the applicable curriculum and handing over the learning material that will be given to the students to the teacher, so that the teacher can deliver learning according to their respective levels.
Chemical, microbial and safety profiling of a standardized Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract and Withaferin A, a potent novel phytotherapeutic of the millennium
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Banik Samudra P. , Goel Apurva , Chakraborty Sanjoy , Bagchi Manashi , Bagchi Debasis
Published: February 2023

Background:Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, popularly known as Ashwagandha, is an ethnomedicinal plant with multiple pharmacotherapeutic applications. The diverse medicinal properties of the plant are largely due to the presence of withanolides, a group of C28 ergostane based steroidal lactones, with several sites of unsaturation and oxygenation. Withaferin A, a major with anolide present in Ashwagandha plant accounts for its emerging new roles to treat cancer, arthritis, inflammatory responses, immunomodulatory properties, and neuronal disorders. The root and leaf extracts are specifically important constituent materials for the development of phytotherapeutics, mostly intended for oral consumption. Several studies have been carried out to delineate the toxic manifestations of the extract for human consumption.Objective:Establish the broad-spectrum safety of W-ferinAmax ashwagandha (WFA).Study: This investigation demonstrated a novel, standardized W-ferinAmax ashwagandha (WFA) extraction technology from the whole herb of Withania sominfera, conducted HPLC analysis to identify the constituents, detected the heavy metals, microbiological contaminants, pesticides contaminants, and safety profile.Results:A novel extraction technology was employed to obtain WFA from the whole plant of Withania sominfera. HPLC analysis revealed that WFA contains a total of 15.4% Withanolides. In particular, Withaferin A, Withanoside IV, and Withanolide A contents were 6.469%, 1.022%, and 0.073%, respectively. The extract contained only 0.403 ppm of heavy metals out of which traces of arsenic, mercury and lead were detected, and cadmium was absent. USP recommended 80 residue basic pesticide screen indicated that the extraction was safe for human consumption. It was also found to be free from pathogenic microbes as assessed by the absence of E. coli and other coliforms, Salmonella and Staphylococcus species.Conclusion: The data generated cumulatively indicated that WFA is safe for further downstream processing to and for human consumption.Keywords: Ashwagandha, Withaferin A, phytotherapeutics, material safety; heavy metals; pesticides
Auditing public schools' financial records: A study of financial management from the eyes of relevant stakeholders
Authors: Diatleng Sebidi Simon , Yetunde Aina Adebunmi , Matala Kgwete Ephraim
Published: February 2023

The demand for proper financial management in schools is dictated by the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996, Section 43(1), according to which public schools must retain a suitably qualified accountant registered in terms of the Public Accountants and Auditors Act, 1991 (Act No.80 of 1991), to audit the school's financial records and statements. This study investigated the schools' financial management stakeholders' experiences of the auditing of public schools' financial records. A qualitative approach was applied in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from three purposefully selected secondary schools in which principals, chairpersons of the finance committees and finance officers were involved. A case study design was applied. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the collected data. All the participants demonstrated limited knowledge and understanding of the processes and procedures of auditing financial records, including an inability to interpret the audited financial reports. However, the participants revealed the benefits of audited financial reports, such as trust from parents in how school finances are managed. Furthermore, the audited financial reports enable schools to seek and apply for additional funding from businesses and other organisations, and to be allocated funds from the Department of Basic Education (DBE). This study recommends that the Department of Education should provide stakeholders in financial management with adequate support and training in auditing processes and procedures and interpretation of financial auditing reports.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Interventions for People with Disabilities
Authors: Hawamdeh Mahmoud , Abdelhafid Faiz
Published: February 2023

Access to computer technology is of vital importance to people with disabilities, Human behaviour inference through smart pervasive technologies is a new research avenue. Sophistication in interaction modalities with self-customization based on context makes interaction easier in natural settings. Despite greater sophistication, the disabled and elderly people still face difficulties in interacting with smart devices. Articles published in Science Direct between 2015 and 2019 (July) were screened in this research. This is because of its respectable position in the field of technology and the peer-reviewed secured structure of this database. From a total of 75 articles within the scope of the screening 50 articles were included in the study. Through this research, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Interventions for People with Disabilities, and learning activities in recent years will be determined and a new way will be shown to researchers. "Human-computer interaction for disabilities people" keywords were used during the research process and all the articles with "disabilities" keywords were included in this study. The results revealed that most studies in the field of human-computer interaction for disabled people were published in 2017 in Spain. It emerged that experimental research was used maximum as a research model. Quantitative data collection tools were used mostly as a means of data collection. The results shown that the intellectual was selected as the type of disabilities in these articles. It is seen that augmented reality based on 3D hologram is the used technology.
Contemporary Physical Methods in Studies of Lipid Phase Polymorphism
Authors: Li Meiyi , Gasanoff Edward S.
Published: February 2023

Lipid polymorphism is a well-documented phenomenon reported both in model lipid membranes and biological membranes. Elucidation of the role of lipid polymorphism and the role of non-bilayer lipid structures is a rapidly developing field of research studies focused on structure and function relationships in membranes of cells and intracellular organelles. The development of this area of research largely depends on application of powerful physical methods which allow one to ‘see’ dynamic transitions in structure of lipid phase at various time scales. In this review we describe the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and luminescence spectroscopy, and differential scanning microcalorimetry in analysis of polymorphic transitions in lipid phase of model and biological membranes.
Introduction to Islamic Characters through Children's Karawitan at KB Among Putro Jangkang Sleman
Authors: Muarofakh Muarofakh
Published: February 2023

Indonesia's diverse culture is unique to each region, especially Javanese culture. Javanese society that is thick in its character becomes an ancestral heritage that must be preserved. The large number of young people who are not interested in Javanese culture, it is very important to preserve it starting with introducing karawitan in early childhood. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the research subjects of KB Among Putro Jangkang Sleman students aged 3-6 years.

The results of the study showed that karawitan can introduce Islamic characters to children by collaborating with various school stakeholders such as heads, teachers and parents of guardians of students. The character is introduced through a dolanan song and sung along with a gamelan instrument. The child easily understands the song and the meaning contained in the song..
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Kosarevska Yulia , Khymynets Volodymyr ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the main aspects of the development of tourism in the Nordic countries. The main vector of the further development in this field is the involvement of innovative technologies and the preservation of the environment. According to the latest statistical data, the issue of preserving natural resources is extremely important now. A functional analysis of the peculiarities in tourism development was carried out and the latest relevant projects, which became a driving force in the above-mentioned industry, were investigated. Tourism plays a significant role in the economic aspirations of many regions of the European Union (EU) and can be particularly important in remote/peripheral regions such as coastal, mountainous or the EU’s outermost regions, namely Northern Europe. Tourism is an important and growing industry in all the Nordic countries, but until recently it did not have a particularly strong focus in the Nordic countries. This area is gaining tremendous pace of development, and the Nordic Council of Ministers gave a clear signal that more attention should be paid to tourism in the countries of Northern Europe. The main challenges to the development of the Northern European tourism industry are security – ecological, political and social, as a threat to socio-cultural stability; economic competitiveness – seasonality, regulatory and administrative burden; taxation of tourism; the difficulty of finding and retaining qualified personnel; technology – to be aware of IT developments caused by the globalization of information and technological progress (IT – tools for booking vacations, social networks that provide advice on tourist services, etc.); market and competition – growing demand for individual experience, new products, growing competition from other EU countries; demand – Northern Europe in terms of the number of tourists is far from the first place in terms of attendance due to the high cost of the services provided. Prospects for the development of tourism require further research into the service market and attracting as many tourists as possible to improve this area. The article highlights the main challenges of tourism and development prospects that are implemented every year. As a result, the implementation of projects has a positive impact on the overall picture of world tourism.
GLOBALIZATION TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE WINEMAKING AND VITICULTURE
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Pechko Volodymyr
Published: February 2023

Winemaking and viticulture is one of the important branches of the national agricultural industry of Ukraine. The culture of wine consumption, which is gradually replacing the culture of consumption of strong alcoholic beverages, signifi- cantly stimulates the domestic market and domestic production of grapes in Ukraine. Ukraine has been granted the EU candidate status, which poses new challenges to the domestic viticulture and winemaking complex. It determines the urgency of assessing its condition and developing a strategy for its development in the conditions of globalization transformations. The article is de- voted to the establishment of globalization trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration and the analysis of the nature of their impact on the viticulture and winemaking complex. It has been determined that food security in the context of overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is one of the leading priorities of the global world. In turn, the main direction of the globalization vector of the Ukrainian economy is its integration with the European Union. The global trends of the world economy are substantiated and their impact on the viticulture and winemaking complex as a component of Ukraine’s agricultural industry is analyzed. It has been proven that the scale of the manifestation of European integration effects and the possible prevention of their negative effects is possible under the condition of maximal approximation of the institutional environment of Ukrainian agrarian business to the European one, orientation towards European legislation and product quality standards, maximum mobilization of available resource potential, human resources and fight against corruption at all levels. The areas of effective development of the viticulture industry in the context of European integration are identified, including state support for the national producer, tax policy optimization, small business development, product quality control, and the formation of a favorable investment climate.
EUROPEAN DIMENSION DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT OF UKRAINE AS A CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY
Authors:   National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine, Chekhovska Mariia , Stoliarenko Olena ,   National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine, Lisovska Olena ,   National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

In the article, the authors analyze the main components of the European integration directions of railway transport of Ukraine, the feature of which is the activation of armed aggression against our state by the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research is the current works of domestic scientists, as well as analytical materials on the problems of the European integration of railway transport of Ukraine. To solve the set goal, we used the following forms, methods and methods of research: as historical – for researching the processes of the European integration of railway transport of Ukraine into the transport system of the European Union, methods of analyzing scientific literature regarding the disclosure of the features of the European integration of domestic railway transport, an abstract-logical method for theoretical generalization and formulation of research conclusions, etc. The authors prove that the intensification of armed aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022 forced both our state and the European Union to update the directions of cooperation. This is due to the fact that railway transport is of strategic importance, because it is thanks to its round-the-clock clear operation that evacuation and military transports are carried out. In addition, Russian armed aggression substantiated the need to rebuild the domestic track to the European standard, which, on the one hand, will make it impossible for the enemy to use railway com- munication routes, and on the other hand, will increase the carrying capacity for the cooperation of our state with European countries. Also, the authors emphasize that railway transport is an object of critical infrastructure, which requires special ap- proaches to its protection. In general, the authors consider such directions of European integration directions of railway transport as legal, economic, technological and safety. Taking into account the experience of the member states of the European Union, rail transport is a component of increasing the country’s military mobility, which consists in simplifying and standardizing the procedures of cross-border military transport. According to the authors, it is the European vector of railway transport develop- ment in Ukraine that will not only improve the economic situation of the industry, but also contribute to the improvement of the defense capability of both our country and the member states of the European Union.