bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Must We Mean What We Say?
Authors: Cavell Stanley
Published: November 2015

In this classic collection of wide-ranging and interdisciplinary essays, Stanley Cavell explores a remarkably broad range of philosophical issues from politics and ethics to the arts and philosophy. The essays explore issues as diverse as the opposing approaches of 'analytic' and 'Continental' philosophy, modernism, Wittgenstein, abstract expressionism and Schoenberg, Shakespeare on human needs, the difficulties of authorship, Kierkegaard and post-Enlightenment religion. Presented in a fresh twenty-first century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface, written by Stephen Mulhall, illuminating its continuing importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, this influential work is now available for a new generation of readers.
Justice at a Distance
Authors: Lomasky Loren E. , Tesón Fernando R.
Published: November 2015

The current global-justice literature starts from the premise that world poverty is the result of structural injustice mostly attributable to past and present actions of governments and citizens of rich countries. As a result, that literature recommends vast coercive transfers of wealth from rich to poor societies, alongside stronger national and international governance. Justice at a Distance, in contrast, argues that global injustice is largely home-grown and that these native restrictions to freedom lie at the root of poverty and stagnation. The book is the first philosophical work to emphasize free markets in goods, services, and labor as an ethical imperative that allows people to pursue their projects and as the one institutional arrangement capable of alleviating poverty. Supported by a robust economic literature, Justice at a Distance applies the principle of noninterference to the issues of wealth and poverty, immigration, trade, the status of nation-states, war, and aid.
Passive scalar decay laws in isotropic turbulence: Prandtl number effects
Authors: Briard A. , Gomez T. , Sagaut P. , Memari S.
Published: November 2015

The passive scalar dynamics in a freely decaying turbulent flow is studied. The classical framework of homogeneous isotropic turbulence without forcing is considered. Both low and high Reynolds number regimes are investigated for very small and very large Prandtl numbers. The long time behaviours of integrated quantities such as the scalar variance or the scalar dissipation rate are analysed by considering that the decay follows power laws. This study addresses three major topics. First, the Comte-Bellot and Corrsin (CBC) dimensional analysis for the temporal decay exponents is extended to the case of a passive scalar when the permanence of large eddies is broken. Secondly, using numerical simulations based on an eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) model, the time evolution of integrated quantities is accurately determined for a wide range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. These simulations show that, whatever the values of the Reynolds and the Prandtl numbers are, the decay follows an algebraic law with an exponent very close to the value predicted by the CBC theory. Finally, the initial position of the scalar integral scale$L_{T}$has no influence on the asymptotic values of the decay exponents, and an analytical law predicting the relative positions of the kinetic and scalar spectra peaks is derived.
Experimental investigation of cylindrical converging shock waves interacting with a polygonal heavy gas cylinder
Authors: Si Ting , Long Tong , Zhai Zhigang , Luo Xisheng
Published: November 2015

The interaction of cylindrical converging shock waves with a polygonal heavy gas cylinder is studied experimentally in a vertical annular diaphragmless shock tube. The reliability of the shock tube facility is verified in advance by capturing the cylindrical shock movements during the convergence and reflection processes using high-speed schlieren photography. Three types of air/SF6 polygonal interfaces with cross-sections of an octagon, a square and an equilateral triangle are formed by the soap film technique. A high-speed laser sheet imaging method is employed to monitor the evolution of the three polygonal interfaces subjected to the converging shock waves. In the experiments, the Mach number of the incident cylindrical shock at its first contact with each interface is maintained to be 1.35 for all three cases. The results show that the evolution of the polygonal interfaces is heavily dependent on the initial conditions, such as the interface shapes and the shock features. A theoretical model for circulation initially deposited along the air/SF6 polygonal interface is developed based on the theory of Samtaney & Zabusky (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 269, 1994, pp. 45–78). The circulation depositions along the initial interface result in the differences in flow features among the three polygonal interfaces, including the interface velocities and the perturbation growth rates. In comparison with planar shock cases, there are distinct phenomena caused by the convergence effects, including the variation of shock strength during imploding and exploding (geometric convergence), consecutive reshocks on the interface (compressibility), and special behaviours of the movement of the interface structures (phase inversion).
Feminisms, Women's Rights, and the UN: Would Achieving Gender Equality Empower Women?
Authors: ARAT ZEHRA F. KABASAKAL
Published: November 2015

Although all theories that oppose the subordination of women can be called feminist, beyond this common denominator, feminisms vary in terms of what they see as the cause of women's subordination, alternatives to patriarchal society, and proposed strategies to achieve the desired change. This article offers a critical examination of theinteractionof feminist theories and the international human rights discourses as articulated at the UN forums and documents. It contends that although a range of feminisms that elucidate the diversity of women's experiences and complexities of oppression have been incorporated into some UN documents, the overall women's rights approach of the UN is still informed by the demands and expectations of liberal feminism. This is particularly evident in the aggregate indicators that are employed to assess the “empowerment of women.” In addition to explaining why liberal feminism trumps other feminisms, the article addresses the problems with following policies that are informed by liberal feminism. Noting that the integrative approach of liberal feminism may establish gender equality without empowering the majority of women, it criticizes using aggregate indicators of empowerment for conflating sources of power with empowerment and making false assumptions.
MEASURING EARLY LIFE DISPARITY IN INDIA
Authors: Singh Akansha , Ladusingh Laishram
Published: November 2015

Early life disparity – defined as the average life years lost due to death by the age of 60 years – can be used to assess more systematically the effect of savings from death at a young age. In addition, it can give valuable insight into the consequences of death in the early stages of life. Early life disparity can further be categorized into child life disparity (0–14 years) and adult life disparity (15–60 years). This study estimated early life disparity using complete life tables for the period 1970–1975 to 2006–2010, which were constructed from abridged life tables and death rates provided by the Sample Registration System (SRS) in India. The contribution of premature deaths to the difference in life disparity was estimated using a replacement algorithm. The findings clearly indicated an overall declining trend in early life disparity in India, with a notable reduction in child life disparity, and a deceleration of adult life disparity during the period 1970–1975 to 2006–2010. Interstate variations in early life disparity were seen to converge with time. Decomposition analysis suggested that these variations could be minimized further by averting death during childhood.
Habitat associations of woodcreeper (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) assemblage in selectively logged areas of Southern Amazonia
Authors: Rodrigues Domingos J. , Florêncio Fernando P. , Oliveira Jocieli , Oliveira Dalci M. M. , Lollback Gregory W. , Hero Jean-Marc
Published: November 2015

The Brazilian Amazon rain forest has lost c. 17% of its originally forested portion, due to deforestation and selective logging. Forest degradation caused by logging contributes to loss of animal species that require specialized habitats to survive, such as woodcreepers that inhabit understorey areas. Habitat associations of woodcreeper species can be important for identifying species that have restricted distribution and/or habitat specialization. Our study investigates the effects of spatial variation in forest structure and some landscape features (canopy openness, altitude, distance to stream and exploited basal area) on the abundance and composition of woodcreeper assemblage in selectively logged tropical forests in Southern Amazonia. We used mist-nets and points count to quantify the composition and abundance of woodcreepers in 32 plots in three sites. Plots were spatially arranged in PPBio LTER sites (long-term ecological research plots, systematically spaced at 1-km intervals) in Southern Amazonia. A total of 240 individuals (captured, observed and/or heard) belonging to 11 woodcreeper species were detected. Mantel tests showed that there is no spatial autocorrelation among woodcreeper assemblage and distance between plots. Altitude and canopy openness were significantly associated with the composition of the woodcreeper assemblage. Altitude was negatively associated with species richness, and the abundance of the two dominant species (Glyphorynchus spirurus and Xiphorhynchus elegans). The negative relationship with canopy openness suggests that woodcreeper assemblages that inhabit understorey are likely to be indirectly affected by selective logging which reduces canopy cover. The selective logging indirectly changes bird species assemblages, and depending on the intensity, may result in the local extinction of some insectivorous species. Short- and long-term studies addressing different intensities of selective logging are needed to determine the impacts on the bird species and forest structure.
Profile of Patients Hospitalized through the Emergency Room to the Medicine Ward and their Short-term Outcome at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi
Authors: Choudhary Rahul , Goel Ashish , Pruthi Sonal , Kalra Sarathi , Agarwal Sunil , Kalra Om Prakash
Published: November 2015

Introduction

With an increasing number of sicker patients, limited hospital beds, and an emphasis on day care, the profile of patients hospitalized to medicine wards has undergone a radical re-definition. The increasing share of patients hospitalized through the emergency department for acute care to medicine wards has left little space for hospitalization through the outpatient department (OPD). There are some global data available on the profile of patients presenting to the emergency rooms (ERs) and their subsequent outcome. Data from developing countries, especially India, in this regard are lacking.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included all patients hospitalized to the medicine ward through the medical emergency services, provided by the Department of Medicine, each Wednesday and every sixth Sunday for the entire year (a total of 62 days), from November 2010 through October 2011, and followed their outcome up to seven days after hospitalization.

Results

Of the 3,618 cases presenting to medicine emergency on these days, 1,547 (42.3%) were advised admission. Nine hundred sixty-seven reported to the medicine wards. One hundred eleven (7.73%) expired within 24 hours; others absconded, were lost in transit, did not consent to participation, or were discharged. During the next seven days, 452 (46.7%) recovered sufficiently and were discharged to go home. Two hundred thirty (23.8%) left the hospital without informing the medical staff. Fourteen (1.4%) patients were transferred to other departments. One hundred thirty-seven (8.8%) patients died during the next six days of hospitalization. After Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis, abnormal Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, high systolic blood pressure (BP), age, increased total leucocyte count, increased globulin, low bicarbonate in arterial blood, low Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, and a raised urea >40 mg/dL were found to be associated significantly with mortality.

Conclusion

Of the 1,547 patients who needed urgent hospitalization, 248 (16%) died within the first week, one-half of them within the first 24 hours. An advanced age, abnormal GCS score, low MMSE score, increased systolic BP, leukocytosis, acidosis, and uremia were found to be associated with a fatal outcome. Therefore, nearly one-half of the patients who would have a fatal short-term outcome were likely to do so within the first 24 hours, making the first day of presentation “the golden day” period.

ChoudharyR, GoelA, PruthiS, KalraS, AgarwalS, KalraOP. Profile of patients hospitalized through the emergency room to the medicine ward and their short-term outcome at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):593–598.
Cave-Dwelling "Slime Curtains" Cycle Nitrogen and Iron
Authors: Sullivan Cody
Published: November 2015

In a cave accessible only by daredevil divers, extraordinary microbial colonies metabolize nitrogen and iron nutrients and possibly remove pollutants from water.
Cracking the code of neuronal apoptosis and survival
Authors: Cavallaro S
Published: November 2015

Neuronal apoptosis and survival are tightly controlled processes that regulate cell fate during the development of the central nervous system and its homeostasis throughout adulthood. A new study in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons identified common transcriptional cascades during rescue from apoptosis by insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (Pacap), thus suggesting the existence of a high degree of conservation of cell survival pathways.
Metabotropic GABA signalling modulates longevity in C. elegans
Authors: Chun Lei , Gong Jianke , Yuan Fengling , Zhang Bi , Liu Hongkang , Zheng Tianlin , Yu Teng , Xu X. Z. Shawn , Liu Jianfeng
Published: November 2015

The nervous system plays an important but poorly understood role in modulating longevity. GABA, a prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter, is best known to regulate nervous system function and behaviour in diverse organisms. Whether GABA signalling affects aging, however, has not been explored. Here we examined mutants lacking each of the major neurotransmitters in C. elegans, and find that deficiency in GABA signalling extends lifespan. This pro-longevity effect is mediated by the metabotropic GABAB receptor GBB-1, but not ionotropic GABAA receptors. GBB-1 regulates lifespan through G protein-PLCβ signalling, which transmits longevity signals to the transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO, a key regulator of lifespan. Mammalian GABAB receptors can functionally substitute for GBB-1 in lifespan control in C. elegans. Our results uncover a new role of GABA signalling in lifespan regulation in C. elegans, raising the possibility that a similar process may occur in other organisms.
Biomarker- and similarity coefficient-based approaches to bacterial mixture characterization using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
Authors: Zhang Lin , Smart Sonja , Sandrin Todd R
Published: November 2015

MALDI-TOF MS profiling has been shown to be a rapid and reliable method to characterize pure cultures of bacteria. Currently, there is keen interest in using this technique to identify bacteria in mixtures. Promising results have been reported with two- or three-isolate model systems using biomarker-based approaches. In this work, we applied MALDI-TOF MS-based methods to a more complex model mixture containing six bacteria. We employed: 1) a biomarker-based approach that has previously been shown to be useful in identification of individual bacteria in pure cultures and simple mixtures and 2) a similarity coefficient-based approach that is routinely and nearly exclusively applied to identification of individual bacteria in pure cultures. Both strategies were developed and evaluated using blind-coded mixtures. With regard to the biomarker-based approach, results showed that most peaks in mixture spectra could be assigned to those found in spectra of each component bacterium; however, peaks shared by two isolates as well as peaks that could not be assigned to any individual component isolate were observed. For two-isolate blind-coded samples, bacteria were correctly identified using both similarity coefficient- and biomarker-based strategies, while for blind-coded samples containing more than two isolates, bacteria were more effectively identified using a biomarker-based strategy.
Targeting the Nuclear Export Protein XPO1/CRM1 Reverses Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Azmi Asfar S. , Muqbil Irfana , Wu Jack , Aboukameel Amro , Senapedis William , Baloglu Erkan , Bollig-Fischer Aliccia , Dyson Gregory , Kauffman Michael , Landesman Yosef , Shacham Sharon , Philip Philip A. , Mohammad Ramzi M.
Published: November 2015

Here we demonstrate for the first time that targeted inhibition of nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) also known as chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) by Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds results in reversal of EMT in snail-transduced primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). SINE compounds selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-185, leptomycin B (LMB as +ve control) but not KPT-301 (–ve control) reverse EMT, suppress mesenchymal markers and consequently induce growth inhibition, apoptosis and prevent spheroid formation. SINE treatment resulted in nuclear retention of snail regulator FBXL5 that was concurrent with suppression of snail and down-regulation of mesenchymal markers. FBXL5 siRNA or transfection with cys528 mut-Xpo1 (lacking SINE binding site) markedly abrogated SINE activity highlighting an XPO1 and FBXL5 mediated mechanism of action. Silencing XPO1 or snail caused re-expression of FBXL5 as well as EMT reversal. Pathway analysis on SINE treated HMECs further verified the involvement of additional F-Box family proteins and confirmed the suppression of snail network. Oral administration of selinexor (15 mg/kg p.o. QoDx3/week for 3weeks) resulted in complete cures (no tumor rebound at 120 days) of HMLER-Snail xenografts. These findings raise the unique possibility of blocking EMT at the nuclear pore.
Modification of sperm morphology during long-term sperm storage in the reproductive tract of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Zhang Linli , Yang Ping , Bian Xunguang , Zhang Qian , Ullah Shakeeb , Waqas Yasir , Chen Xiaowu , Liu Yi , Chen Wei , Le Yuan , Chen Bing , Wang Shuai , Chen Qiusheng
Published: November 2015

Sperm storagein vivoextends the time window for fertilisation in several animal species, from a few days to several years. The underlying storage mechanisms, however, are largely unknown. In this study, spermatozoa from the epididymis and oviduct of Chinese soft-shelled turtles were investigated to identify potentially relevant morphological features and transformations at different stages of sperm storage. Large cytoplasmic droplets (CDs) containing lipid droplets (LDs) were attached to the midpiece of most spermatozoa in the epididymis, without migrating down the sperm tail. However, they were absent from the oviductal spermatozoa, suggesting that CDs with LDs may be a source of endogenous energy for epididymal spermatozoa. The onion-like mitochondria recovered their double-membrane morphology, with typical cristae, within the oviduct at a later stage of storage, thus implying that mitochondrial metabolism undergoes alterations during storage. Furthermore, a well developed fibrous sheath on the long principal piece was the integrating ultrastructure for glycolytic enzymes and substrates. These novel morphological characteristics may allow turtle spermatozoa to use diverse energy metabolism pathways at different stages of storage.
Bio-inspired Construction of Advanced Fuel Cell Cathode with Pt Anchored in Ordered Hybrid Polymer Matrix
Authors: Xia Zhangxun , Wang Suli , Jiang Luhua , Sun Hai , Liu Shuang , Fu Xudong , Zhang Bingsen , Sheng Su Dang , Wang Jianqiang , Sun Gongquan
Published: November 2015

The significant use of platinum for catalyzing the cathodic oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) has hampered the widespread use of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The construction of well-defined electrode architecture in nanoscale with enhanced utilization and catalytic performance of Pt might be a promising approach to address such barrier. Inspired by the highly efficient catalytic processes in enzymes with active centers embedded in charge transport pathways, here we demonstrate for the first time a design that allocates platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) at the boundaries with dual-functions of conducting both electrons by aid of polypyrrole and protons via Nafion® ionomer within hierarchical nanoarrays. By mimicking enzymes functionally, an impressive ORR activity and stability is achieved. Using this brand new electrode architecture as the cathode and the anode of a PEMFC, a high mass specific power density of 5.23 W mg−1Pt is achieved, with remarkable durability. These improvements are ascribed to not only the electron decoration and the anchoring effects from the Nafion® ionomer decorated PPy substrate to the supported Pt NPs, but also the fast charge and mass transport facilitated by the electron and proton pathways within the electrode architecture.
Mesoporous gold sponges: electric charge-assisted seed mediated synthesis and application as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates
Authors: Yi Zao , Luo Jiangshan , Tan Xiulan , Yi Yong , Yao Weitang , Kang Xiaoli , Ye Xin , Zhu Wenkun , Duan Tao , Yi Yougen , Tang Yongjian
Published: November 2015

Mesoporous gold sponges were prepared using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-stabilized Au seeds. This is a general process, which involves a simple template-free method, room temperature reduction of HAuCl4·4H2O with hydroxylamine. The formation process of mesoporous gold sponges could be accounted for the electrostatic interaction (the small Au nanoparticles (~3 nm) and the positively charged DMAP-stabilized Au seeds) and Ostwald ripening process. The mesoporous gold sponges had appeared to undergo electrostatic adsorption initially, sequentially linear aggregation, welding and Ostwald ripening, then, they randomly cross link into self-supporting, three-dimensional networks with time. The mesoporous gold sponges exhibit higher surface area than the literature. In addition, application of the spongelike networks as an active material for surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been investigated by employing 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules as a probe.
Long-term moderate treadmill exercise promotes stress-coping strategies in male and female rats
Authors: Lalanza Jaume F. , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Cigarroa Igor , Gagliano Humberto , Fuentes Silvia , Armario Antonio , Capdevila Lluís , Escorihuela Rosa M.
Published: November 2015

Recent evidence has revealed the impact of exercise in alleviating anxiety and mood disorders; however, the exercise protocol that exerts such benefit is far from known. The current study was aimed to assess the effects of long-term moderate exercise on behavioural coping strategies (active vs. passive) and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal response in rats. Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were exposed to 32-weeks of treadmill exercise and then tested for two-way active avoidance learning (shuttle-box). Two groups were used as controls: a non-handled sedentary group, receiving no manipulation and a control group exposed to a stationary treadmill. Female rats displayed shorter escape responses and higher number of avoidance responses, reaching criterion for performance earlier than male rats. In both sexes, exercise shortened escape latencies, increased the total number of avoidances and diminished the number of trials needed to reach criterion for performance. Those effects were greater during acquisition in female rats, but remained over the shuttle-box sessions in treadmill trained male rats. In females, exercise did not change ACTH and corticosterone levels after shuttle-box acquisition. Collectively, treadmill exercise improved active coping strategies in a sex-dependent manner. In a broader context, moderate exercise could serve as a therapeutic intervention for anxiety and mood disorders.
The spatial distribution, accumulation and potential source of seldom monitored trace elements in sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: Han Lanfang , Gao Bo , Zhou Huaidong , Xu Dongyu , Wei Xin , Gao Li
Published: November 2015

The alteration of hydrologic condition of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) after impoundment has caused numerous environmental changes. This study investigated the distribution, accumulation and potential sources of the seldom monitored trace elements (SMTEs) in sediments from three tributaries (ZY, MX and CT) and one mainstream (CJ) in TGR during different seasons. The average contents of most SMTEs excluding Sb in the winter were similar to that in the summer. For Sb, its average concentrations in the summer and winter were roughly six and three times higher than its background value, respectively. Contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) demonstrated that most of the sediments were obviously contaminated by Sb. The enrichment factors (EF) of Ga and Sb were higher than 2.0, revealing the possible anthropogenic inputs; However, the EFs of other SMTEs were lower than 1.5, indicating the natural inputs. Correlation and principal component analysis suggested the most SMTEs were positively correlated with major elements (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) and clay contents, which implies that SMTEs had the same sources with these major metals and the fine particles might be a major carrier for transporting SMTEs from the rivers to the TGR.
The functional gene composition and metabolic potential of coral-associated microbial communities
Authors: Zhang Yanying , Ling Juan , Yang Qingsong , Wen Chongqing , Yan Qingyun , Sun Hongyan , Van Nostrand Joy D. , Shi Zhou , Zhou Jizhong , Dong Junde
Published: November 2015

The phylogenetic diversity of coral-associated microbes has been extensively examined, but some contention remains regarding whether coral-associated microbial communities are species-specific or site-specific. It is suggested that corals may associate with microbes in terms of function, although little is known about the differences in coral-associated microbial functional gene composition and metabolic potential among coral species. Here, 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing and functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) were used to assess coral-associated microbial communities. Our results indicate that both host species and environmental variables significantly correlate with shifts in the microbial community structure and functional potential. Functional genes related to key biogeochemical cycles including carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus cycling, metal homeostasis, organic remediation, antibiotic resistance and secondary metabolism were shown to significantly vary between and among the four study corals (Galaxea astreata, Porites lutea, Porites andrewsi and Pavona decussata). Genes specific for anammox were also detected for the first time in the coral holobiont and positively correlated with ammonium. This study reveals that variability in the functional potential of coral-associated microbial communities is largely driven by changes in environmental factors and further demonstrates the importance of linking environmental parameters with genomic data in complex environmental systems.
Venous Endothelial Marker COUP-TFII Regulates the Distinct Pathologic Potentials of Adult Arteries and Veins
Authors: Cui Xiaofeng , Lu Yao Wei , Lee Vivian , Kim Diana , Dorsey Taylor , Wang Qingjie , Lee Young , Vincent Peter , Schwarz John , Dai Guohao
Published: November 2015

Arteries and veins have very different susceptibility to certain vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. The molecular mechanisms of these differences are not fully understood. In this study, we discovered that COUP-TFII, a transcription factor critical for establishing the venous identity during embryonic vascular development, also regulates the pathophysiological functions of adult blood vessels, especially those directly related to vascular diseases. Specifically, we found that suppression of COUP-TFII in venous ECs switched its phenotype toward pro-atherogenic by up-regulating the expression of inflammatory genes and down-regulating anti-thrombotic genes. ECs with COUP-TFII knockdown also readily undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and subsequent osteogenic differentiation with dramatically increased osteogenic transcriptional program and calcium deposition. Consistently, over-expression of COUP-TFII led to the completely opposite effects. In vivo validation of these pro-atherogenic and osteogenic genes also demonstrates a broad consistent differential expression pattern in mouse aorta vs. vena cava ECs, which cannot be explained by the difference in hemodynamic flow. These data reveal phenotypic modulation by different levels of COUP-TFII in arterial and venous ECs and suggest COUP-TFII may play an important role in the different susceptibilities of arteries and veins to vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and vascular calcification.
Barnyard grasses were processed with rice around 10000 years ago
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Fuller Dorian Q , Huan Xiujia , Perry Linda , Li Quan , Li Zhao , Zhang Jianping , Ma Zhikun , Zhuang Yijie , Jiang Leping , Ge Yong , Lu Houyuan
Published: November 2015

Rice (Oryza sativa) is regarded as the only grass that was selected for cultivation and eventual domestication in the Yangtze basin of China. Although both macro-fossils and micro-fossils of rice have been recovered from the Early Neolithic site of Shangshan, dating to more than 10,000 years before present (BP), we report evidence of phytolith and starch microfossils taken from stone tools, both for grinding and cutting and cultural layers, that indicating barnyard grass (Echinochloaspp.) was a major subsistence resource, alongside smaller quantities of acorn starches (Lithocarpus/Quercus sensu lato) and water chestnuts (Trapa). This evidence suggests that early managed wetland environments were initially harvested for multiple grain species including barnyard grasses as well as rice and indicate that the emergence of rice as the favoured cultivated grass and ultimately the key domesticate of the Yangtze basin was a protracted process.
Targeting HER-3 to elicit antitumor helper T cells against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kumai Takumi , Ohkuri Takayuki , Nagato Toshihiro , Matsuda Yoshinari , Oikawa Kensuke , Aoki Naoko , Kimura Shoji , Celis Esteban , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Kobayashi Hiroya
Published: November 2015

HER-3 expression has been reported to act as an important oncoprotein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This protein is known to control tumor proliferation and acquisition of resistance by tumor cells towards EGFR inhibitors, therefore, development of a HER-3-targeted therapy is desirable. In this study, we found that HER-3 expression on tumor cells was increased after EGFR inhibition. To establish a novel therapeutic approach for HER-3-positive head and neck carcinoma, we identified a HER-3 helper epitope that could elicit effective helper T cell responses to the naturally processed HER-3-derived epitope presented in a HER-3 expressing tumors. This epitope induced potent cytolytic activity of CD4 T cells against such tumor cells. Moreover, pan HER-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor augmented the responses of HER-3-reactive CD4 T cells via upregulation of HLA-DR protein on the surface of tumor cells. Our results supports the validity of CD4 T cell-dependent HER-3-targeted therapy combined with a broad inhibitor of HER-family.
N-acetylcysteine inhibits in vivo oxidation of native low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Cui Yuqi , Narasimhulu Chandrakala A. , Liu Lingjuan , Zhang Qingbin , Liu Patrick Z. , Li Xin , Xiao Yuan , Zhang Jia , Hao Hong , Xie Xiaoyun , He Guanglong , Cui Lianqun , Parthasarathy Sampath , Liu Zhenguo
Published: November 2015

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is non-atherogenic, while oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is critical to atherosclerosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has anti-atherosclerotic effect with largely unknown mechanisms. The present study aimed to determine if NAC could attenuate in vivo LDL oxidation and inhibit atherosclerosis. A single dose of human native LDL was injected intravenously into male C57BL/6 mice with and without NAC treatment. Serum human ox-LDL was detected 30 min after injection, reached the peak in 3 hours and became undetectable in 12 hours. NAC treatment significantly reduced serum ox-LDL level without detectable serum ox-LDL 6 hours after LDL injection. No difference in ox-LDL clearance was observed in NAC-treated animals. NAC treatment also significantly decreased serum ox-LDL level in patients with coronary artery diseases and hyperlipidemia without effect on LDL level. Intracellular and extracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) production was significantly increased in the animals treated with native LDL, or ox-LDL and in hyperlipidemic LDL receptor knockout (LDLR−/−) mice that was effectively prevented with NAC treatment. NAC also significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in hyperlipidemic LDLR−/− mice. NAC attenuated in vivo oxidation of native LDL and ROS formation from ox-LDL associated with decreased atherosclerotic plaque formation in hyperlipidemia.
A fluorescent probe for relay recognition of homocysteine and Group IIIA ions including Ga(iii)
Authors: Wang Ya-Wen , Liu Shun-Bang , Ling Wei-Jian , Peng Yu
Published: November 2015

Relay fluorescence recognition of homocysteine and gallium ions was realized by sequential chemodosimeter and chemosensor approaches for the first time.
Gas-phase synthesis of Mg–Ti nanoparticles for solid-state hydrogen storage
Authors: Calizzi M. , Venturi F. , Ponthieu M. , Cuevas F. , Morandi V. , Perkisas T. , Bals S. , Pasquini L.
Published: November 2015

The structure of Mg–Ti nanoparticles and their hydrogen sorption properties are studied for different Ti contents. The metastable Mg–Ti solid solution formed in the as-prepared state decomposes upon H-absorption, leading to a MgH2/TiH2 nanocomposite with very fast H-sorption kinetics.
Synthesis, structure and the dehydrogenation mechanism of calcium amidoborane hydrazinates
Authors: Li Zhao , He Teng , Wu Guotao , Chen Weidong , Chua Yong Shen , Guo Jianping , Xie Dong , Ju Xiaohua , Chen Ping
Published: November 2015

The calcium amidoborane hydrazinates, Ca(NH2BH3)2·nN2H4, were firstly synthesized and exhibited superior dehydrogenation properties compared with those of pristine Ca(NH2BH3)2.
Geometrical and energetical structural changes in organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells probed using photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT
Authors: Eriksson Susanna K. , Josefsson Ida , Ellis Hanna , Amat Anna , Pastore Mariachiara , Oscarsson Johan , Lindblad Rebecka , Eriksson Anna I. K. , Johansson Erik M. J. , Boschloo Gerrit , Hagfeldt Anders , Fantacci Simona , Odelius Michael , Rensmo Håkan
Published: November 2015

Differences in solar cell performance of triarylamine-based dyes are from calculations and PES measurements attributed to geometrical adsorption differences.
Excited-state annihilation reduces power dependence of single-molecule FRET experiments
Authors: Nettels Daniel , Haenni Dominik , Maillot Sacha , Gueye Moussa , Barth Anders , Hirschfeld Verena , Hübner Christian G. , Léonard Jérémie , Schuler Benjamin
Published: November 2015

Singlet–singlet annihilation between FRET dyes is evident in nanosecond fluorescence cross-correlation measurements.
Testing the transferability of a coarse-grained model to intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Rutter Gil O. , Brown Aaron H. , Quigley David , Walsh Tiffany R. , Allen Michael P.
Published: November 2015

The coarse-grained PLUM model is shown to capture structural and dimerization behaviour of the intrinsically disordered biomineralisation peptide n16N.
Gas-phase chemistry of ruthenium and rhodium carbonyl complexes
Authors: Cao Shiwei , Wang Yang , Qin Zhi , Fan Fangli , Haba Hiromitsu , Komori Yukiko , Wu Xiaolei , Tan Cunmin , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2015

Gas-phase chemical behaviors of short-lived mononuclear Ru and Rh carbonyl complexes were investigated.
Synthesis of hollow cobalt oxide nanopowders by a salt-assisted spray pyrolysis process applying nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion and their electrochemical properties
Authors: Ju Hyeon Seok , Cho Jung Sang , Kim Jong Hwa , Choi Yun Ju , Kang Yun Chan
Published: November 2015

A new concept for preparing hollow metal oxide nanopowders by salt-assisted spray pyrolysis applying nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion is introduced.
Transport of nanoparticulate material in self-assembled block copolymer micelle solutions and crystals
Authors: Cheng Vicki A. , Walker Lynn M.
Published: November 2015

Water soluble poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO–PPO–PEO] triblock copolymers self-assemble into thermoreversible micellar crystals comprised of periodically spaced micelles. The micelles have PPO cores surrounded by hydrated PEO coronas and the dimensions of the unit cell of the organized micelles is on the order of several to tens of nanometers. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is used to quantify nanoparticle transport in these nanostructured polymer micelle systems. Diffusivity of bovine serum albumin (BSA,Dh∼ 7 nm) is quantified across a wide range of polymer, or micelle, concentrations covering both the disordered fluid as well as the structured micellar crystal to understand the effects of nanoscale structure on particle transport. Measured particle diffusivity in these micellar systems is reduced by as much as four orders of magnitude when compared to diffusivity in free solution. Diffusivity in the disordered micellar fluid is best understood in terms of diffusion through a polymeric solution, while transport in the structured micellar phase is possibly due to hopping between interstitial sites. These results not only show that the nanoscale structures of the micelles have a measureable impact on particle diffusivity, but also demonstrate the ability to tune nanoscale transport in self-assembled materials.
Surface protein imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for specific recognition of bovine hemoglobin
Authors: Li Weiming , Chen Miaomiao , Xiong Huayu , Wen Wei , He Hanping , Zhang Xiuhua , Wang Shengfu
Published: November 2015

Magnetic molecular imprinting for recognition of bovine hemoglobin was prepared by combining the surface imprinting technique with two-stage core–shell sol–gel polymerization.
Diversity of sub-bandgap states in lead-sulfide nanocrystals: real-space spectroscopy and mapping at the atomic-scale
Authors: Gervasi Christian F. , Kislitsyn Dmitry A. , Allen Thomas L. , Hackley Jason D. , Maruyama Ryuichiro , Nazin George V.
Published: November 2015

Visualization of electronic structure of individual ligand-free PbS nanocrystals shows trap states caused by surface reconstruction and local non-stoichiometry.
DBU-mediated metal-free oxidative cyanation of α-amino carbonyl compounds: using molecular oxygen as the oxidant
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Qian , Liu Pei , Meng Hua , Kan Xing-Lan , Liu Qun , Zhao Yu-Long
Published: November 2015

A novel DBU-mediated oxidative cyanation of α-amino carbonyl compounds by using air as the sole oxidant was developed under mild metal-free conditions for the first time. The reaction provides a new and efficient method for the synthesis of α-iminonitriles.
Formal synthesis of (−)-podophyllotoxin through the photocyclization of an axially chiral 3,4-bisbenzylidene succinate amide ester – a flow photochemistry approach
Authors: Lisiecki Kamil , Krawczyk Krzysztof K. , Roszkowski Piotr , Maurin Jan K. , Czarnocki Zbigniew
Published: November 2015

We have developed a strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclolignans related to podophyllotoxin and its derivatives.
Molecular construction of HIV-gp120 discontinuous epitope mimics by assembly of cyclic peptides on an orthogonal alkyne functionalized TAC-scaffold
Authors: Werkhoven P. R. , Elwakiel M. , Meuleman T. J. , Quarles van Ufford H. C. , Kruijtzer J. A. W. , Liskamp R. M. J.
Published: November 2015

An orthogonally alkyne functionalized TAC-scaffold was used for molecular construction of biologically active gp120 protein mimics containing different peptide loops.
Cu/TiO2octahedral-shell photocatalysts derived from metal–organic framework@semiconductor hybrid structures
Authors: Li Rui , Wu Sikai , Wan Xueying , Xu Hangxun , Xiong Yujie
Published: November 2015

A synthetic method has been developed for Cu/TiO2photocatalysts with hollow structures by templating on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which offers versatility to tailor the photocatalyst configurations by simply altering treatment conditions on MOFs.
Synthesis and characterization of novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Wu Gang , Li Jinqing , Chai Chunpeng , Ge Zhen , Lin Jialun , Luo Yunjun
Published: November 2015

Flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant diamine (AWPUs) were synthesized and characterized by the method of post-chain extension technology.
Comparing l-lactide and ε-caprolactone polymerization by using aluminum complexes bearing ketiminate ligands: steric, electronic, and chelating effects
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsieh , Chen Yen-Jen , Tseng Hsi-Ching , Lian Cheng-Jie , Tsai Hsin-Yi , Lai Yi-Chun , Hsu Sodio C. N. , Chiang Michael Y. , Chen Hsuan-Ying
Published: November 2015

Herein, the l-lactide polymerization rate of a series of Al complexes bearing ketimine ligands was investigated, and the polymerization characteristics between l-lactide and ε-caprolactone were compared.
pH and stability of the α-gel phase in glycerol monostearate–water systems using sodium stearoyl lactylate and sodium stearate as the co-emulsifier
Authors: Wang Fan C. , Marangoni Alejandro G.
Published: November 2015

Changing the environmental pH altered the melting profiles of monostearate–water systems and affects the stability of the α-gel phase using sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) and sodium stearate (NaS) as co-emulsifiers.
Biomimetic stem cell membrane-camouflaged iron oxide nanoparticles for theranostic applications
Authors: Lai Pei-Ying , Huang Rih-Yang , Lin Ssu-Yu , Lin Yee-Hsien , Chang Chien-Wen
Published: November 2015

In this study, for the first time, stem cell membrane (STM)-camouflaged superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) were prepared and investigated for potential theranostic applications.
Cu(ii)@Luviset clear as recyclable catalyst for the formation of C–C bond in homo-coupling of terminal alkynes
Authors: Wang Zheng-Jun , Wang Peng-Hui , Lv Jing-Jing , Feng Jiu-Ju , Xu Xinhua , Wang Ai-Jun , Au Chak-Tong , Qiu Renhua
Published: November 2015

A recyclable catalytic system of Cu(ii)@Luviset clear was developed for the homo-coupling of terminal alkyne with excellent product yield.
Structural control over spin localization in triarylmethyls
Authors: Alcón Isaac , Bromley Stefan T.
Published: November 2015

Using density functional theory calculations we demonstrate the existence of a general relation between structure and spin localisation in an important class of organic radicals, and point towards its potential use in future applications.
One-step rod coating of high-performance silver nanowire–PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with enhanced adhesion after sulfuric acid post-treatment
Authors: Duan Shasha , Zhang Ling , Wang Zhihui , Li Chunzhong
Published: November 2015

An AgNWs–PEDOT:PSS film treated with H2SO4 exhibited both excellent optoelectric and adhesive performance.
Tailored synthesis of CoOX thin films for catalytic application
Authors: Fan Shi-Bin , Pan Guan-Fu , Liang Jing , Tian Zhen-Yu
Published: November 2015

Cobalt oxide thin films were systematically synthesized on an inert carrier by pulsed-spray evaporation chemical vapor deposition (PSE-CVD).
PIM kinase-responsive microsecond-lifetime photoluminescent probes based on selenium-containing heteroaromatic tricycle
Authors: Ekambaram Ramesh , Manoharan Ganesh babu , Enkvist Erki , Ligi Kadri , Knapp Stefan , Uri Asko
Published: November 2015

Microsecond-lifetime binding-responsive organic photoluminescent probes for PIM kinases were developed based on selenium-comprising heteroaromatic tricycle.
Toward the dynamic phase transition mechanism of a thermoresponsive ionic liquid in the presence of different thermoresponsive polymers
Authors: Wang Ge , Wu Peiyi
Published: November 2015

A schematic illustration of the dynamic changing process of [P4,4,4,6][MC3S]–PNIPAM (top) and [P4,4,4,6][MC3S]–PVCL (bottom) solutions during heating.
Self-assembled conjugated polyelectrolyte–surfactant complexes as efficient cathode interlayer materials for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Authors: Chevrier Michèle , Houston Judith E. , Kesters Jurgen , Van den Brande Niko , Terry Ann E. , Richeter Sébastien , Mehdi Ahmad , Coulembier Olivier , Dubois Philippe , Lazzaroni Roberto , Van Mele Bruno , Maes Wouter , Evans Rachel C. , Clément Sébastien
Published: November 2015

Conjugated polyelectrolyte–surfactant cathodic interface layers lead to improved power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells.
Beyond PCBM: methoxylated 1,4-bisbenzyl[60]fullerene adducts for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Huang Shaohua , Zhang Guangye , Knutson Nicholas S. , Fontana Matthew T. , Huber Rachel C. , Ferreira Amy S. , Tolbert Sarah H. , Schwartz Benjamin J. , Rubin Yves
Published: November 2015

A novel methoxylated 1,4-bisbenzyl fullerene adduct gives better performance in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices than traditional PCBM, and it is easily synthesized.
Bimetallic nickel cobalt selenides: a new kind of electroactive material for high-power energy storage
Authors: Chen Haichao , Chen Si , Fan Meiqiang , Li Chao , Chen Da , Tian Guanglei , Shu Kangying
Published: November 2015

For the first time, bimetallic Ni–Co selenides are synthesized and show improved power-delivery and energy-storage performance.
Development of magnetic LuPO4microspheres for highly selective enrichment and identification of phosphopeptides for MALDI-TOF MS analysis
Authors: Long Xing-yu , Song Qun , Lian Hong-zhen
Published: November 2015

Lichee-like core–shell structured magnetic lutetium phosphate (Fe3O4@LuPO4) affinity microspheres were synthesized, characterized and successfully applied to enrich phosphopeptides.
Structure and local polar domains of Dy-modified BiFeO3–PbTiO3 multiferroic solid solutions
Authors: Zhuang Jian , Zhao Jingyan , Su Lun-Wei , Wu Hua , Bokov Alexei A. , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: November 2015

Based on the detailed investigations of the crystal structure, phase transition behavior and local polar domains, a ferroelectric phase diagram is established in this study for the room-temperature multiferroic Dy-modified BiFeO3–PbTiO3 solid solution.
A wet- and dry-process feasible carbazole type host for highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Jou Jwo-Huei , Sahoo Snehasis , Kumar Sudhir , Yu Hui-Huan , Fang Po-Hsun , Singh Meenu , Krucaite Gintare , Volyniuk Dmytro , Grazulevicius Juozas Vidas , Grigalevicius Saulius
Published: November 2015

A wet- and dry-process feasible host material is crucial to realize, respectively, low cost roll-to-roll fabrication of large area and high performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with precise deposition of organic layers.