bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productive and adaptive potentials of Renet Simirenko variety on rootstocks with different growth rates in arid conditions
Authors: Ivanenko Elizaveta , Menshutina Tatiana
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of the economic and biological assessment of the Renet Simirenko variety grown on rootstocks of different growth rates under conditions of insufficient moisture and high thermal stress in the arid zone of the Northern Caspian region. The purpose of the research is to study and identify scion-rootstock combinations of the Renet Simirenko variety, which most fully realize the potential of productivity, early maturity, and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. Studied variety grew more intensively on dwarf rootstocks (SK4, SK7), semi-dwarf (SK2, SK5), and average height 54-118, restrained growth of tree-holes was provided by dwarf rootstocks SK3, P16, P59, P60. In most combinations of dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks, flowering began in the year of planting, fruiting - in the second year of garden growth, which indicates the potential of early maturity. Rootstocks SK3, SK4, SK2, and 54-118 provided the maximum average and total yield of marketable fruiting in comparison with the control for 7 years. In the Astrakhan region, it is advisable to grow the Renet Simirenko variety on low-growing rootstocks SK3, SK4, SK2, and average growth 54-118, the most resistant to the destabilizing factors of the climate of the arid zone and providing high regularity.
Effects of drought on the physiological parameters of fruit crops leaves
Authors: Mishko Alisa , Sundyreva Maria , Zaremuk Rimma , Mozhar Nina , Lutskiy Eugene
Published: September 2021

Development of the modern horticulture is impossible without studying the adaptive capabilities of crops cultivars and hybrids. Drought is one of the major factors, which negatively influence on plants growth and development in summer period. This stress factor results in disruption of the photosynthetic apparatus, changing the electron flux, which facilitates the accumulation of free radicals. Activation of plant defense systems can suppress the development of oxidative stress. In this research, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves under drought stress of different cultivars of pear, plum and cherry growing in the Krasnodar region during summer period were studied. It was found that in the driest month — august, the majority of cultivars were in the oxidative stress state, which resulted in an increase of the malondialdehyde content. The greatest adaptive potential to drought was noted in the pear cultivars Williams and Flamenco, as well as among the cherry cultivars there were Volshebnitsa and Sashenka. The better drought resistance characteristics among plum cultivars were detected in the control cultivar Stenley According to the obtained data, it was found that the decrease of chlorophylls content in leaves correlated with the increase of the carotenoid and malondialdehyde contents.
Biological efficiency of plant protection products to control codling moth on apple immune cultivars
Authors: Kashirskaya Natalia , Kuzin Andrei , Kochkina Anna
Published: September 2021

The caterpillars of this codling moth can damage up to 90% of fruits during mass reproduction. Changing weather conditions contribute to increasing the harmfulness of the primary pest of the apple tree. The research was carried out to select modern plant protection products with high biological efficiency to control codling moths and increase the productivity of the apple orchard. The research was carried out in the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre apple orchard. We studied the efficiency of plant protection products on apple cultivars immune to scab: ‘Akademik Kazakov,’ ‘Vympel,’ ‘Bylina,’ ‘Rozhdestvenskoye,’ ‘Fregat.’ The efficiency of these preparations was studied with low application rates to reduce the fruit damages by codling moth. The values of fruit damage in control without treatment during the years of the research as the result of vital pest activity: Generation 1: 4.9-17.8%; Generation 2: 5.4-16.3%. In the experiment treatment, Generation 1 damaged 0.24-1.50%, and Generation 2 injured 0.36-1.60% of fruits. The biological efficiency of the experimental treatment was high and reached controlling Generation 1: 91.0-98.5%, Generation 2: 90.0-96.0%. The average yield in the experimental treatment was 29.4 kg tree−1 with a share of first-grade fruits 85-90% (2019) and 39.4 kg tree−1, 90-91% (2020).
Fungicide Teldor 500 SC in the fight against fruit rot in the sweet cherry plantations of Moldova
Authors: Mager Maria , Mager Mikhail , Dumitrash Yuri
Published: September 2021

The results of testing the fungicide Teldor 500 SC in sweet cherry plantations are presented. A high level of biological effectiveness was obtained in the fight against the gray rot of sweet cherry fruits.
Microbiocenosis characteristics of agrogenically altered acid brown forest soils in humid subtropics of Russia
Authors: Rogozhina Elena , Malyukova Lyudmila
Published: September 2021

Under conditions of perennial cropping of industrial tea crop on acidic brown forest soils of the Black Sea coast of Russia, the following were investigated: number of bacteria, of actinomycetes (mainly the Streptomyces genus) and of micromycetes (saccharomycetes), seasonal dynamics and functional activity of the microbial complex during period of 2008-2019. Stationary experiments were launched in various backgrounds of mineral fertilizer application. The experiment was accompanied by the use of generally accepted recommended techniques for microbiological studies. As follows from the analysis of the data obtained, it was established that the long treatment period of mineral fertilizers at doses from N200P60K50 to N600P180K150 in given soil-climatic conditions under the tea crop contributed to significant decrease in the number of actinomycetes and nitrogen fixing bacteria of the Beijerinckia genus vs. the control variant (without fertilizers). The most significant decrease in the number of micromycetes was revealed immediately after the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N600P180K150. After 2 months, the number of this group of soil microorganisms was built back. Under the impact of both medium and high doses of mineral fertilizers, the functional activity decrease of soils (CO2 emission and potential nitrogen fixation activity) was noted.
Using of immunomodulating substances in optimizing cucumber nutrition in protected soil conditions
Authors: Selivanova Maria , Aysanov Timur , Romanenko Elena , Mironova Elena , Esaulko Natalia
Published: September 2021

Studies on the influence of biologically active substances with immunomodulatory properties on the productivity of greenhouse cucumber were conducted in the winter-spring turnover of the sixth light zone in 2019-2020. The paper analyzes data on the prevalence of major diseases in cucumber plantings, the intensity of respiration and photosynthesis in plants, the level of yield and yielding of standard crop products, depending on the use of immunomodulating substances against the background of the main nutrition scheme. As a result of scientific research, it was found that the use of immunomodulators (arachidonic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, triterpenic acids, salicylic acid) in the technology of cucumber cultivation activated the protective properties of plants against pathogens, contributed to the activation of the intensity of respiration, photosynthesis, obtaining an increased yields and the output of standard products.
Soot Oxidation in Diesel Exhaust on Silver Catalyst Supported by Alumina, Titanium and Zirconium
Authors: Promhuad Punya , Sawatmongkhon Boonlue
Published: September 2021

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is used to limit the emission of particulate matter (PM). The operation of DPF has two consecutive functions which are filtration of PM and regeneration. Performance of DPF is reduced by clogging of the filter. This problem is improved by soot oxidation in the regeneration process. The soot is completely oxidized by oxygen when temperature is higher than 600 °C. However, the exhaust gas temperature in normal operating of the diesel engine is lower than the temperature of soot complete oxidation. The problem of low temperature in soot oxidation is improved by oxidation catalyst because the oxidation catalyst is used to reduce light of temperature in soot oxidation. The study’s purpose is to compare the oxidation activity of silver catalyst supported on alumina (Al2O3), Titanium oxide (TiO2), and Zirconium oxide (ZrO2). The compression of soot oxidation on silver catalyst loaded on several support which showed silver base on alumina was the best of soot oxidation compared with titanium oxide and zirconium oxide. The behaviour of soot oxidation in silver base on titanium oxide and zirconium oxide were similar activity.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Residual Soybean Oil from Spent Bleaching Earth
Authors: Dejkajorn Chanatip , Suttiarporn Panawan , Sukkathanyawat Hussanai , Wichianwat Kittisak , Sriphan Saichon , Srisurat Thanarak
Published: September 2021

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) which is generated from bleaching process is a valuable industrial waste of edible vegetable oil production because of residual edible vegetable oil absorbed. The residual oil in spent bleaching earth can be recovered and reused for application in the industries such as the production of biodiesel and lubricant. Currently, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique is widely used because this method has a shorter extraction time and less solvent consumption when compared with traditional methods. In this study, MAE combined with solvent reflux was optimized using solvent screening experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest yield of MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from spent bleaching earth. The extraction yield of residual soybean oil obtained from selected solvent were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v, 10.19%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v, 10.00%) >hexane-ethanol mixture (1:2 v/v, 9.98%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:3 v/v, 9.83%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (3:1 v/v, 8.59%) > hexane (8.17%) > acetone (7.73%). The regression coefficient (R-squared = 0.9852) expresses the accuracy of the regression and indicates the relationship between experimental data and predicted result, with high regression coefficient close to 1, which is remarkably desired. The experiment conditions for optimal MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from SBE were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v), liquid to solid ratio 15.56:1 mL/g, extraction time 12.22 min, and microwave power 350 W. Under such conditions, the highest predicted value of the extraction yield of residual soybean oil was 10.43%.
Comparison between pressure retarded osmosis model using batch and continuous water supply sources
Authors: Potisa-ad Kingchat , Simasatitkul Lida , Amornraksa Suksun
Published: September 2021

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a novel renewable energy technology that generates electricity from two water sources. Due to the osmotic pressure difference, freshwater permeates across a membrane to the other side, where the high-pressure seawater flows and drives a turbine to generate power. Many mathematic models have been proposed to evaluate the performance of a PRO. However, it was found that most performance of the PRO that have been reported were performance by using freshwater with limited supply (batch) in the model. It is not accurate as, in practice, the supply of freshwater occurs in a continuous manner. In this work, the influence of batch and continuous supply of fresh water on the performance of PRO was demonstrated. The effect of flow direction, i.e., concurrent and counter-current flows, was also examined. The model simulation was performed by using MATLLAB program, and the performance of PRO is expressed in terms of average power density. The results revealed that the batch and continuous supplies of freshwater had a strong impact on the performance of the PRO. However, the performance of concurrent and counter-current flow were not significantly different.
Tensile Strength and Moisture Resistance Properties of Biocomposite Films Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with Cellulose as Reinforcement from Durian Peel Fibers
Authors: Mahardika Melbi , Asrofi Mochamad , Amelia Devita , Syafri Edi , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart
Published: September 2021

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) based biocomposite film with cellulose was successfully fabricated by the solution casting method. The cellulose fibers were obtained by extraction of durian peel using alkalization and bleaching treatments. These treated cellulose fibers were used for the fabrication of PVA-based biocomposites. The durian peel cellulose fibers were varied by 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% in the PVA matrix. Tensile test and moisture resistance of biocomposites were evaluated. The 6% addition of cellulose fibers in biocomposites increases the tensile strength up to 54% (37 MPa) than pure PVA film (24 MPa). Conversely, it reduces the elongation at break of the biocomposite film. Meanwhile, the moisture resistance properties of the biocomposites increased with the addition of cellulose fibers. The tensile strength and moisture resistance of biocomposites have been increased due to the homogeneous dispersion of the cellulose fibers and PVA matrix. These biocomposites able to reduce the environmental impacts by utilizing residual lignocellulosic biomass.
Utilization of RS-3 Rice Starch into Development of Food for Elderly: A Ready-to-mix Beverage Case
Authors: Tandhanskul Atittaya , Yasurin Patchanee , Chavanon Praewpan , Watanakijcharoenman Pattarawadee , Sriariyanun Malinee , Rattanakom Supawan , Lindayani Ir.
Published: September 2021

As population aging is becoming a global phenomenon, the search for food for elderly continues. Since elderly population is associated with non-communicable diseases, elderly food development must provide nutritious value and physiological needs. The objective of this study was to develop a ready-to-mix beverage with resistant rice starch type 3 (RS-3) as one of the ingredients. Five Thai rice varieties were modified into resistant-starch type 3 (RS-3). The dietary quality was conducted by measuring rapidly available glucose (RAG) and slowly available glucose (SAG) which was used for primary study of the glycemic index (GI). Riceberry variety showed the highest potential and was used to formulate. Market survey with elderly population (n=400, age>50) revealed additional protein and vegetables that should be included in the beverage. Mixture design was used to initiate the formulation before fine-tuning with sensory analysis. Sucralose was utilized as an alternative sweetener and xanthan gum was added to improve the texture and viscosity to assist population with dysphagia. Using a 7-point hedonic face scale, panelists liked the product slightly to moderately with 0.7% xanthan gum (5.7±1.09) and 0.1% sucralose (5.5±0.89). The viscosity of water and beverage mix at 150:12 (w/w) were found appropriate for patient with dysphagia (700±12.50 mPa.s). The appropriate formulation of RS3-rice starch into elderly beverage were developed, however, the consumer acceptance test is suggested to be continued.
Effect of hydrochloric acid extraction on yield and gel properties of gelatine from salted jellyfish by-products
Authors: Charoenchokpanich Wiriya , Muangrod Pratchaya , Rungsardthong Vilai , Vatanyoopaisarn Savitri , Wonganu Benjamaporn , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Thumthanaruk Benjawan
Published: September 2021

Salted jellyfish by-products have collagen protein that is mainly sold for animal feed at a low price. The change of jellyfish by-products into a food ingredient like gelatine could benefit food applications and reduce food waste. Indeed, jellyfish gelatine production is a time-consuming process that includes alkaline pre-treatment, acid pre-treatment, hot water extraction, and drying. Reduced times of acid pre-treatment and water extraction might deliver different gel properties. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) pre-treatment on the gel quality of resultant gelatine. Desalted jellyfish by-products were immersed in 0.5 M sodium hydroxide at 4oC for 1 h and then were acidtreated by varying HCl concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M) at 25oC for 2 h. After that, samples were extracted at 60oC for 3 h and dried at 60oC for 3 days. Results showed that gelatine yield significantly increased with increasing HCl concentration. Gelatine yield were 2.97±0.97%, 5.60±1.01%, and 6.34±1.08%, after extraction with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M HCl, respectively. Gel strength generally decreased as HCl concentration increased. Gel strength values were in the range of 118.89-223.60 g. The colour of jellyfish gelatine showed light to dark brown with no differences in Hue values. Thus, the short duration of HCl pre-treatment for 2 h and hot water extraction for 3 h was insufficient for the jellyfish gelatine process.
Effect of pepsin hydrolysis on antioxidant activity of jellyfish protein hydrolysate
Authors: Muangrod Pratchaya , Charoenchokpanich Wiriya , Rungsardthong Vilai , Vatanyoopaisarn Savitri , Wonganu Benjamaporn , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Thumthanaruk Benjawan
Published: September 2021

Edible jellyfish have been consumed as food for more than a century with offering high protein and crunchy texture. The pepsin hydrolysis of jellyfish protein yields jellyfish protein hydrolysate (ep-JPH), reported for potential bioactivities such as antioxidant activity or antihypertensive activities. Due to the substantial number of by-products generated from jellyfish processing, the by-products were then selected as a raw material of JPH production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydrolysis time of pepsin on the antioxidant activity of ep-JPH. The dried desalted jellyfish by-products powder was enzymatically hydrolysed by 5% (w/w) pepsin, and the hydrolysis time was varied from 6, 12, 18, and 24 h at 37oC. Results showed that increased hydrolysis time increased the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and inhibition of DPPH radical. The 24 h ep-JPH possessed the highest DH and the highest inhibitory effect of DPPH radical. The results demonstrated that, in this experiment, all ep-JPHs were DPPH radical scavengers, exhibiting different inhibition activities depending on DH values.
Effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatment on released sugar yields from pomelo peels for biofuel production
Authors: Chatkaew Chaichana , Panakkal Elizabeth Jayex , Rodiahwati Wawat , Kirdponpattara Suchata , Chuetor Santi , Sriariyanun Malinee , Cheenkachorn Kraipat
Published: September 2021

Most of the agricultural wastes in developing countries are disposed of by on-site combustion leading to unmanaged environmental pollutions. Conversion of agricultural wastes to value-added products, such as bioethanol and biogas, is a promising method to reduce agro-waste after harvesting seasons. In this study, Citrus maxima peels (Pomelo peels) was selected to be converted to reducing sugars, which could be a raw material to produce other value-added products. To promote enzymatic hydrolysis reactions, pomelo peels were pretreated with sodium hydroxide by variations of three pretreatment parameters, including temperature (50-100 ºC), time (0.5-6 h), and concentration of NaOH (0.5-3.0 M). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the optimized pretreatment condition and to find the relationship between pretreatment factors and reducing sugar yields. The predicted optimal pretreatment condition was determined to be at 94.28 ºC, 4.5h, 2.17M with reducing sugar yield of 98.9 mg/g of dried pomelo peels. The results clearly showed that reducing sugar yields obtained from pretreated pomelo peels were 1.87 folds higher than untreated biomass (52.81 mg/g of pomelo peels). Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential of pomelo peels to be used as an alternative raw material for value-added products rather than being a landfill or causal agent of pollution.
Application of Biochar for Cadmium Stabilization in Contaminated Paddy Soil
Authors: Oranratmanee Marisa , Tungittiplakorn Warapong
Published: September 2021

Cadmium contamination in rice fields near zinc mines in Mae Sot District, Tak Province has been a persistent problem for decades. The contamination covers a vast area, making several soil remediation methods, such as soil washing or excavation impractical. Phytoremediation would also take several years and interfere with farming. However, there are recent reports on the potential of biochar in cadmium stabilization which resulted in reduced cadmium uptake by rice. Therefore, in this study, several biomaterials were investigated to produce the most suitable biochar for cadmium stabilization in paddy soil in Mae Sot. Rice husk, rice straw and bagasse were selected because of their availability in Mae Sot. Cadmium adsorption efficacy of biochar made from these biomaterials were analyzed using the adsorption isotherm. The results showed that cadmium adsorption by biochar from bagasse, rice husk, and rice straw were in accordance with Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. By comparing the distribution coefficient, the adsorption efficacy of the biochar was ranked as rice straw> bagasse> rice husk. Therefore, rice straw biochar, which had the highest cadmium adsorption efficacy, was selected for stabilization experiments. After 30 days of incubating contaminated soil with rice straw biochar, the amount of extractable Cd using CaCl2 and EDTA were reduced significantly. The optimal application rate of rice straw biochar was 5% with the incubation period of 20 days. This warrants the next phase of this study which will be conducted in the field experiments in Mae Sot.
Statistical design and optimization of nutritional value production by an oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica cultured in industrial – waste molasses
Authors: Wonganu Benjamaporn , Kongruang Sasithorn , Charoensakdi Ratiya
Published: September 2021

Abundant by-products from sugar mills as industrial-waste molasses can be used as a carbon source in yeast culture media. Yarrowia lipolytica is an interesting yeast used as a candidate for cultivation in molasses medium. Here, we used response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for the individual and interactive effects of pH, temperature, and shaking speeds on the production of yeast cells. Cultivation conditions of yeast were optimized using Design Expert based on a 23 factorial central composite design (CCD) for maximum yeast cell production. Optimal conditions for maximum Y. lipolytica 5151 cell masses were as follows: pH, 6.45; temperature, 30°C; Shaking speed, 165 rpm. The Design Expert represented the maximal numerical solution with a predicted cell mass production level at 8.96 g/L. The experimental production of Y. lipolytica 5151 cell mass yielded 8.27 g/L that is 7.67% deviated from the model. Whereas, the model of TISTR 5621 was not adequate for prediction. Yeasts cultured under statistic prediction provide 55.94% and 51.25% of total protein. Amino acid content and vitamin B1 (1.06 mg and 1.47 mg per 100 g of dried Y. lipolytica 5151 and 5621, respectively) provided the relevant information for an alternative supplement in aquatic feed.
Nuclear magnetic transitions in the relativistic energy density functional approach
Authors: Paar Nils , Kružić Goran , Oishi Tomohiro
Published: September 2021

Recently a novel theory framework has been established for description of magnetic dipole (M1) transitions in finite nuclei, based on relativistic nuclear energy density functional with point coupling interactions. The properties of M1 transitions have been studied, including the sum rules, spin, orbital, isoscalar and isovector M1 transition strengths in magic and open shell nuclei. It is shown that pairing correlations and spinorbit interaction plays an important role in the description of M1 transition strength distributions. The analysis of the evolution of M1 transition properties in the isotope chain100-140Sn shows the interplay between single and double-peak structures, determined by the evolution of single-particle states, their occupations governed by the pairing correlations, and two-quasiparticle transitions involved. Comparison of the calculated B(M1) transition strength with recent data from inelastic proton scattering on112-124Sn, shows that quenching of thegfactorsgeff/gfree=0.80-0.93 is required to reproduce the experimental data. Further experimental investigations are needed to determine accurately the quenching factor.
Reaction dynamics of exotic and stable weakly-bound nuclei using a four-body continuum-discretized coupled-channels formalism
Authors: Rodríguez-Gallardo Manuela , Casal Jesús
Published: September 2021

Reactions induced by four weakly-bound nuclei on a lead target, at energies around the Coulomb barrier, are described using the same four-body continuum-discretized coupled-channels formalism. The nuclei considered are the halo nuclei 11Li and 6He, the stable nucleus 9Be and the proton-rich nucleus 10C. The diﬀerences and similarities on the reaction dynamics are addressed.
Thermal properties of hot and dense matter: Influence of rapid rotation on protoneutron stars, hot neutron stars, and neutron star merger remnants
Authors: Koliogiannis Polychronis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: September 2021

The knowledge of the equation of state is a key ingredient for many dynamical phenomena that depend sensitively on the hot and dense nuclear matter, such as the formation of protoneutron stars and hot neutron stars. In order to accurately describe them, we construct equations of state at FInite temperature and entropy per baryon for matter with varying proton fractions. This procedure is based on the momentum dependent interaction model and state-of-the-art microscopic data. In addition, we investigate the role of thermal and rotation effects on microscopic and macroscopic properties of neutron stars, including the mass and radius, the frequency, the Kerr parameter, the central baryon density, etc. The latter is also connected to the hot and rapidly rotating remnant after neutron star merger. The interplay between these quantities and data from late observations of neutron stars, both isolated and in matter of merging, could provide useful insight and robust constraints on the equation of state of nuclear matter.
Momentum dependent mean-fields of hyperons & antihyperons
Authors: Chorozidou Arsenia , Gaitanos Theodoros
Published: September 2021

The in-medium properties of hyperons and antihyperons are studied with the Non-Linear Derivative (NLD) model and focus is made on the momentum dependence of strangeness optical potentials. The NLD model is based on the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) approximation to Relativistic Hadrodynamics (RHD) approach of nuclear systems, but it incorporates an explicit momentum dependence of mean-fields. The extension of the NLD model to the baryon and antibaryon octet is based on SU(6) and G-parity arguments. It is demonstrated that with a proper choice of momentum cut-offs, the Λ and Σ optical potentials are consistent with recent studies of the chiral effective field theory(χ-EFT) and optical potentials are consistent with Lattice-QCD calculations, over a wide momentum region. We also present NLD predictions for the in-medium momentum dependence of ∧¯, ∑¯and Ξ¯hyperons. This work is important for future experimental studies, like CBM, PANDA at FAIR and is relevant to nuclear astrophysics as well.
Anästhesiologisches Management der perioperativen Schmerztherapie
Authors: Dusch Martin
Published: September 2021

Nach einem Beschluss des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses im September 2020 sind Krankenhäuser und Praxen zukünftig verpflichtet, Konzepte zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement vorzuhalten. So soll die Qualität des perioperativen Schmerzmanagements nachhaltig verbessert werden. Zentrale Punkte dieses Beschlusses umfassen u. a. Maßnahmen zur Weiterbildung des Personals, Aspekte der Patienteninformation und -aufklärung sowie einen standardisierten Umgang mit potenziellen Nebenwirkungen der Therapie.
Das Post-Polio-Syndrom in der perioperativen Phase
Authors: Gebauer David , Schittek Gregor A. , Zoidl Philipp , Sandner-Kiesling Andreas
Published: September 2021

In den letzten Jahrzehnten gab es noch immer zahlreiche Poliomyelitis-Epidemien – und 10 – 30 Jahre nach einer Poliomyelitis-Infektion kann ein Post-Polio-Syndrom (PPS) auftreten. Somit ist auch in Europa mit einem Anstieg der PPS-Prävalenz zu rechnen. Gleichzeitig benötigen PPS-Patientinnen und -Patienten – bedingt durch ihre muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen – häufig Operationen, bei denen anästhesiologische Besonderheiten zu beachten sind.
Anästhesietechnische Assistenten/-innen – ein neuer Beruf im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Janssen Sven
Published: September 2021

Der Beruf Anästhesietechnische(r) Assistent(in) (ATA) ist für viele Kolleginnen und Kollegen ein neues Berufsbild im Gesundheitswesen. Nachwuchssorgen und ein ausgeprägter Fachkräftemangel sind nur 2 Schlagworte, die die aktuelle Situation im Gesundheitswesen beschreiben – Unterstützung soll in Zukunft von den ATA kommen. Dieser Artikel erläutert die Ausbildungsstruktur und die Aufgabengebiete.
Vergleich der Effektivität und Sicherheit von Vitamin-K-Antagonisten mit Rivaroxaban bei Hämodialysepatienten/-innen mit nichtvalvulärem Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Seiler-Mußler Sarah
Published: September 2021

Die Verschreibung von direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) zur Prävention thromboembolischer Ereignisse nimmt bei Vorhofflimmern (VHF) und dialysepflichtiger Nierenerkrankung trotz fehlender harter Evidenz aus klinischen Studien zu Effektivität, Sicherheit und Dosierung zu. Ursächlich ist hierbei wahrscheinlich, dass Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) zunehmend zurückhaltender bei Dialysepatienten/-innen verordnet werden, da Observationsstudien keine eindeutige Reduktion thromboembolischer Komplikationen bei gleichzeitig immens erhöhtem Risiko für Hämorrhagien und beschleunigter vaskulärer Kalzifikation zeigten. Daten aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien an Patienten/-innen mit erhaltener oder moderat eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion suggerieren hingegen eine äquivalente oder sogar überlegene Effektivität von DOAK gegenüber VKA bei gleichzeitig reduziertem Blutungsrisiko.
Das Projekt „ICH! liebe“ zur Förderung der sexuellen Selbstbestimmung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung
Authors: Djanic Daniela
Published: September 2021

Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung sind in ihrer sexuellen Selbstbestimmung oft eingeschränkt. Ihnen fehlt Wissen zu Liebe, Sexualität, Partnerschaft und Familienplanung, und oft fehlen auch Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten, wenn Betreuungspersonen bzw. Einrichtungen entsprechende Erfahrungsräume verwehren. Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag stellt das sexualpädagogische Projekt „ICH! liebe“ der pro familia Bünde vor, das sich an Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung sowie an Mitarbeiter:innen der Eingliederungshilfe richtet. Die Projektleiterin beschreibt die Abläufe und fasst Evaluationsergebnisse zusammen.
Sexualität und Behinderung – ein Kommentar aus männlich-queerer Perspektive
Authors: Krösche Bastian
Published: September 2021

Menschen mit Behinderung wird in unserer Gesellschaft schon im Alltag häufig noch nicht auf Augenhöhe begegnet. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie eine gleichberechtigte Sexualität für Menschen mit Behinderung möglich sein soll. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet im Hinblick auf diese Frage drei ausgewählte Felder: Sexualbegleitung als Sonderbehandlung im Bereich der Sexarbeit, die schwule Szene, die häufig dafür sorgt, dass es zu einer Doppeldiskriminierung von behinderten Männern kommt, und Medien mit ihrer Form der Darstellung.
Effect of Caffeine on Otoacoustic Emissions
Authors: Drepath Kumar Sanish , Rajan Athira , Nayak Srikanth , Vijay Arya , Kumar Sathish
Published: September 2021

Introduction Caffeine is consumed everyday in a variety of ways by a large population around the world, including coffee, tea, and soft drinks. Therefore, there is a significant need to explore the effects of caffeine on human auditory system. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on cochlea using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE).

Materials and Methods Thirty-three young adults were recruited for the study. The effect of caffeine on cochlea was assessed using DPOAE at frequencies between 1 to 10 kHz before and after caffeine consumption.

Results The signal to noise ratio of DPOAE was compared before and after coffee intake, which revealed no significant differences.

Conclusion The current study results suggest that caffeine has no effect on cochlear functioning.
Effects of Menstrual Cycles on VOR Gain Functions
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Mohamad Alfarghal , Penwal Suman
Published: September 2021

Purpose The aim of the present study was to assess the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain function and VOR gain asymmetry during the various phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy female participants. The study also aimed to characterize the presence or absence of corrective saccades during the various phases of the menstrual cycle.

Method Twenty-nine young healthy females participated in the study. The video head impulse test (vHIT) was performed in lateral, left anterior right posterior, and right anterior left posterior plane during the various phases of the menstrual cycle to see the changes in VOR gain function and VOR gain asymmetry ratio changes.

Results A repeated measure analysis of variance test did not show any significant main effect for the VOR gain function and VOR gain asymmetry ratio in various phases of the menstrual cycle in all the participants. The result suggested no changes in VOR gain function and VOR asymmetry ratio in healthy females during the menstrual cycle. Also, there was an absence of saccades in the entire participants group during the various phases of the menstrual cycle.

Conclusions As the VOR gain function does not change during the various phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy females, there is no need to consider the various phases of the menstrual cycle while testing any female participant during the vHIT test.
The processing and evaluation of news content on social media is influenced by peer-user commentary
Authors: Boot Arnout B. , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf A.
Published: September 2021

Contemporary news often spreads via social media. This study investigated whether the processing and evaluation of online news content can be influenced by Likes and peer-user comments. An online experiment was designed, using a custom-built website that resembled Facebook, to explore how Likes, positive comments, negative comments, or a combination of positive and negative comments would affect the reader’s processing of news content. The results showed that especially negative comments affected the readers’ personal opinions about the news content, even in combination with other positive comments: They (1) induced more negative attitudes, (2) lowered intent to share it, (3) reduced agreement with conveyed ideas, (4) lowered perceived attitude of the general public, and (5) decreased the credibility of the content. Against expectations, the presence of Likes did not affect the readers, irrespective of the news content. An important consideration is that, while the negative comments were persuasive, they comprised subjective, emotive, and fallacious rhetoric. Finally, negativity bias, the perception of expert authority, and cognitive heuristics are discussed as potential explanations for the persuasive effect of negative comments.
Antibacterial hydrogel microparticles with drug loading for wound healing
Authors: Zhang Hongzhen , Xu Ronghua , Yin Zuowen , Yu Jun , Liang Ning , Geng Qian
Published: September 2021

Wound healing and regeneration are critical in medical care and pose a huge challenge for healthcare systems. It has great significance to develop functional materials for promoting wound repair. Herein, we presented novel antibacterial hydrogel microparticles with drug loading to treat the wound. The chitosan (CS) droplets were generated from a microfluidic electrospray system and solidified by sodium hydroxide solution. With further drying and drug uploading process, the drug-loaded CS microparticles (CSMPs) were achieved. The CSMPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial property, and displayed excellent capability in promoting wound healing in multiple stages. Hence, it is expected that the presented CSMPs can serve as multifunctional dressings for wound healing applications.
Social status does not predict in-camp integration among egalitarian hunter-gatherer men
Authors: Fedurek Piotr , Aktipis Athena , Cronk Lee , Makambi E Jerryson , Mabulla Ibrahim , Berbesque J Colette , Lehmann Julia
Published: September 2021

In the last few decades, there has been much research regarding the importance of social prestige in shaping the social structure of small-scale societies. While recent studies show that social prestige may have important health consequences, little is known about the extent to which prestige translates into actual in-person interactions and proximity, even though the level of integration into such real-life social networks has been shown to have important health consequences. Here, we determine the extent to which two different domains of social prestige, popularity (being perceived as a friend by others), and hunting reputation (being perceived as a good hunter), translate into GPS-derived in- and out-of-camp proximity networks in a group of egalitarian hunter-gatherer men, the Hadza. We show that popularity and hunting reputation differ in the extent to which they are translated into time spent physically close to each other. Moreover, our findings suggest that in-camp proximity networks, which are commonly applied in studies of small-scale societies, do not show the full picture of Hadza men’s social preferences. While men are in camp, neither popularity nor hunting reputation is associated with being central in the proximity network; however, when out of camp, Hadza men who are popular are more integrated in the proximity networks while men with better hunting reputations are less integrated. Overall, our findings suggest that, to fully understand social preferences among hunter-gatherers, both in-camp and out-of-camp proximity networks should be considered.
Outcomes of robotic low anterior resection versus transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Buan J L B , So W Z , Lim X C , Chong C S
Published: September 2021

Background

The quality of total mesorectal excision (TME) is regarded as a fundamental key to the oncological outcome of rectal cancer. Robotic low anterior resection (RLAR) and transanal TME (TaTME) were developed to overcome the technical challenges of conventional open TME. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of RLAR versus TaTME for rectal cancer.

Methods

Retrospective data from patients undergoing RLAR or TaTME at a colorectal unit in Singapore were analysed. The primary outcomes were the short-term clinical and pathological results including specimen margins and quality of TME. Secondary outcomes were recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates.

Results

A total of 80 patients who underwent either RLAR or TaTME were analysed. The TaTME group had a shorter operating time than the RLAR group (354 versus 481 min respectively; P < 0.001) and fewer stays in the high-dependency and intensive care units (38.1 versus 73.7 per cent; P = 0.010). There was a higher rate of readmissions at 30 days in the TaTME group (19.0 versus 0 per cent; P = 0.006). Specimens from TaTME had greater proximal (14.0 versus 10.0 cm; P = 0.045) and distal (2.50 versus 1.65 cm; P = 0.021) margins. Patients undergoing TaTME had borderline longer DFS (25.9 versus 15.7 months; P = 0.049). Subgroup analysis of patients with (y)pT3–4 tumours showed fewer positive circumferential resection margins with TaTME (0 versus 18.2 per cent; P = 0.019) and improved DFS (25.9 versus 15.7 months; P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Superior margins were obtained with TaTME, especially in locally advanced tumours, although TaTME was associated with a higher readmission rate compared with RLAR.
Path dependence and stagnation in a classical growth model
Authors: Michl Thomas R , Tavani Daniele
Published: September 2021

This paper embeds a technical progress function in a classical growth model and studies the effects of permanent changes in parameters and temporary shocks such as pandemics. Technical change is driven by dynamic economies of scale and responds to distributional forces: the wage share regulates labour-saving technical change and employment regulates its capital-using bias. The model features path dependence in the employment-population rate and the output-capital ratio. Population growth and distribution can respond to the employment rate. Interpreted through the model, secular stagnation under neoliberal capitalism has been driven by a combination of diminished investment and reduced worker bargaining power more than by slower technical change and population growth. A temporary unfavourable shock to the output-capital ratio will permanently reduce the employment rate. In the fully endogenous model, this will increase the profit share and reduce the rates of technical change, capital accumulation, and population growth.
Drivers of deindustrialisation in internationally fragmented production structures
Authors: Lábaj Martin , Majzlíková Erika
Published: September 2021

This paper provides detailed evidence on the extent of outsourcing and offshoring of manufacturing employment and value added using a regional subsystem input–output framework. The paper argues that direct employment and the value-added shares of manufacturing in the totals underestimate manufacturing’s importance. Jobs in manufacturing subsystems accounted for more than 25% of total worldwide employment, in contrast to just 15% recorded in direct statistics. In major developed countries, the level of intersectoral outsourcing reached its upper limit at the beginning of the new millennium. At the same time, the offshoring of activities interlinked with manufacturing has become the dominant driver of deindustrialisation in these countries. While direct manufacturing employment and intersectoral outsourcing declined between 2000 and 2014, offshoring experienced a significant increase of 6.5 percentage points, from 29% to 35.5% of the total employment generated under the G7 manufacturing subsystem. Furthermore, 84% of the value added that existed to meet the final demand for manufactured products in G7 countries remained in G7 countries, while most of the jobs needed to meet G7 final demand have been offshored to developing countries. The paper concludes that the importance of manufacturing subsystems for the world economy did not decline over 2000–14, but there was a significant shift of manufacturing activities and related services from G7 countries to China and other rapidly growing economies.
Combatting the imbalance of sex ratio at birth: medium-term impact of India’s National Programme of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao in the Haryana State of India
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Singhal Girdhari Lal , Goyal Aarti , Kaur Gurjinder , Purohit Neha , Prinja Shankar
Published: September 2021

The Government of India initiated the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (B3P) programme in 2015 as a flagship initiative to reduce gender imbalance in sex ratio at birth (SRB) and to ensure social protection of girls. The present study was conducted to evaluate the medium-term impact of B3P implementation in Haryana state, from 2015 to 2019, on SRB. Monthly data on SRB were collected for the entire state of Haryana through a civil registration system. Segmented time series regression analysis was used to estimate the variations in SRB after the B3P programme with the help of Winter’s additive interrupted time series model. The SRB in Haryana increased from 876 girls per 1000 boys in 2015 to 923 in 2019. The results of the model demonstrated that before the inception of intervention (pre-slope), there was a significant monthly change in SRB of 0.217 (95% confidence interval: 0.144–0.290). Following the B3P programme, SRB was found to increase by 0.835 per month, which implied that an increase of 0.618 (confidence interval: 0.338, 0.898) every month in SRB can be attributed to the B3P programme. This indicated that SRB for the state of Haryana increased at the rate of 7.42 units per year as a result of the B3P programme. B3P has led to a significant improvement in SRB in Haryana state. The continuity of efforts in the same direction with a sustained focus on behaviour change will further help achieve the goal of gender parity in births and child survival.
Genotypic HIV-1 tropism determination might help to identify people with exhausted treatment options and advanced disease
Authors: Bouba Yagai , Armenia Daniele , Forbici Federica , Bertoli Ada , Borghi Vanni , Gagliardini Roberta , Vergori Alessandra , Cicalini Stefania , Mazzotta Valentina , Malagnino Vincenzo , Lichtner Miriam , Latini Alessandra , Mussini Cristina , Andreoni Massimo , Antinori Andrea , Perno Carlo Federico , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Santoro Maria Mercedes
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To evaluate HIV-1 tropism in 1382 combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-experienced patients failing therapy to characterize those with exhausted therapeutic options.

Methods

HIV-1 genotypic tropism was inferred through Geno2Pheno by estimating the false-positive-rate (FPR) values. Cumulative resistance and drug activity were evaluated by Stanford algorithm.

Results

Overall, median (IQR) CD4 count (cells/mm3) nadir and at last genotypic resistance test (GRT) available were 98 (33–211) and 312 (155–517), respectively. Considering HIV-1 tropism, 30.5% had X4/dual-mixed strains (FPR ≤5%: 22.2%; FPR 5%–10%: 8.3%). By stratifying according to tropism, by decreasing FPR, a significant decrease of CD4 nadir and at last GRT was observed. The proportion of individuals with CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, who were perinatally infected and with a long treatment history significantly increased as FPR levels decreased. Regarding resistance, 933 (67.5%) individuals accumulated at least one class resistance, with 52.7%, 48.2%, 23.5% and 13.2% of individuals showing resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs and INIs; while 23.2%, 27.2%, 14.3% and 2.8% harboured resistance to 1, 2, 3 and 4 classes, respectively. Individuals with FPR ≤5% showed a significantly higher level of resistance to PIs, NRTIs and INIs compared with others. The proportion of individuals harbouring strains susceptible to ≤2 active drugs was only about 2%; nonetheless, this proportion doubled (4.6%) in patients infected with FPR ≤5%.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that a small proportion of cART failing individuals have limited therapeutic options. However, tropism determination might help to identify people who have accumulated a high level of resistance and have a greater risk of advanced disease.