bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine-learning approach to predicting the energy conversion performance of centrifugal pump impeller influenced by blade profile
Authors: Wu Yanzhao , Tao Ran , Zhu Di , Yao Zhifeng , Xiao Ruofu
Published: August 2021

Centrifugal pump is a kind of energy conversion machine for fluid delivering. It transfers the mechanical energy of impeller to the potential and kinetic energy of fluid. As a key factor in influencing the energy conversion performance of centrifugal pump, blade profile design is crucial. Traditional design concepts have ideal assumptions. To have a better design guidance, machine-learning based on neural network is used in this study. A typical centrifugal pump with simplified blade profile is numerically studied with experimental validation for a better discussion. Statistical results show that, for the high dimensional nonlinear relationship between blade angle and performance of centrifugal pump, neural network can adapt to this complex correlation better. The blade installation angle at leading-edge ( βLE′) and trailing-edge ( βTE′) and the wrap angle (Δ θ′) has significant correlation with the performance including pump head H, pump efficiency η, impeller head Himp, impeller efficiency ηimp and volute loss Δ Hvol. The influence level of blade angle follows the high-to-low order of Δ θ′, βLE′ and βTE′. Determination of blade profile can be done for improving the energy conversion efficiency. Optimal blade profiles have higher βLE′ and Δ θ′ with better flow-control ability. Compared with the blade parameters of the initial pump, the blade profile with the best centrifugal pump efficiency is the best βLE′ increased by 1.926°, Δ θ′ increased by 9.858°, Optimization of impeller efficiency βLE′ increased by 1.855°, Δ θ′ increased by 9.421°. Computational fluid dynamics indicate the elimination of vortex in impeller after optimal selection. Then, βTE′ and Δ θ′ are found influential in aggravating the circumferential flow component in this special circular-volute with generating higher loss. βTE′ has a positive correlation with impeller head which suits traditional theory. In general, the machine-learning using neural network is effective in determining blade profiles for enhancing the performance of centrifugal pump.
A methodology for identifying the most suitable measurements for engine level and component level gas path diagnostics of a micro gas turbine
Authors: Talebi SS , Tousi AM , Madadi A , Kiaee M
Published: August 2021

Recently, the utilization of micro gas turbines in smart grids are rising that makes the part-load operation principal situation of the engine service. This leads to faster life consumption that increases the importance of the diagnostics process. Gas path analysis is an effective method for gas turbine diagnostics. Complex dynamics of gas turbine induces challenging conditions to perform applicable gas path analysis. This study aims to facilitate MGT gas path diagnostics through reducing the number of monitoring parameters and preparation a pattern for engine level and component level health assessment in both full and part load operation of a recuperated micro gas turbine. To attain this goal a model is proposed to simulate MGT off-design performance which is validated against experimental data in healthy and degraded operation modes. Fouling in compressor, turbine and recuperator and erosion in compressor and turbine as the most common degradations in the gas turbine are considered. The fault simulation is performed by changing the health parameters of gas path components. According to the result investigation, a matrix comprises deviation contours of four parameters, Power, fuel flow, compressor discharge pressure, and exhaust gas temperature is presented and analyzed. The analysis shows that monitoring these parameters makes it possible to perform engine level and component level diagnostics through evaluating a binary code (generated by mentioned parameter variations) against the fault effects pattern in different load fractions and fault severities. The simulation also showed that the most power drop occurred under the compressor fouling by about 8.7% while the most reduction in thermal efficiency is observed under recuperator fouling by about 7.84%. Furthermore, the investigation showed the maximum decrease in the surge margin induced by the compressor fouling during the lower part-load operation by about 45.7% while in the higher loads created by the turbine fouling by about 14%.
Analysis of the thermo-fluidic transport around counter-rotating tandem circular cylinders
Authors: Chatterjee Dipankar , Chaitanya N. V. V. Krishna , Mondal Bittagopal
Published: August 2021

The work physically relates to the influence of thermal buoyancy on the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible fluid around two counter-rotating circular cylinders arranged in tandem configuration within an unconfined domain. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted using a finite volume based computational fluid dynamics tool to explore the problem. The Reynolds number is taken as 100 with Prandtl number 0.71, keeping the non-dimensional spacing between the cylinders fixed at 1.5. The cylinder rotations are considered in the range of a dimensionless speed of 0 to 5. The upstream cylinder is rotating in the clockwise sense, whereas, the downstream one in the counter-clockwise sense. The buoyancy effect is analyzed for the Richardson number range 0 to 1. The flow is unsteady periodic characterized by vortex shedding around the stationary cylinders at the chosen value of the Reynolds number. The flow shows unsteadiness with vortex shedding initially with increasing rotational speed; however, at a critical value of the rotation, the flow becomes stabilized with suppression of vortex shedding. On the contrary, the cross thermal buoyancy effect destabilizes the flow into an unsteady periodic pattern. This complex interplay among the free stream flow, cross buoyancy, and counter-rotation produces intriguing fluid dynamic and thermal phenomena. The critical rotational speeds for the range of Richardson numbers are obtained as [Formula: see text] respectively for Ri = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1. A corresponding regime diagram is also constructed to depict the unsteady and steady zones of operation.
Calibration and data reduction for X-hotwires using cross validation
Authors: Anoop Mohan Vijaya , Kannan Budda Thiagarajan
Published: August 2021

A strategy for calibration of X-wire probes and data inversion is described in this article. The approach used has elements of full velocity vs yaw-angle calibration with robust curve fitting. The responses of an X-wire probe placed in a calibration jet are recorded for a set of velocity and yaw inputs followed by fitting cross-validated splines. These spline functions trained from calibration data are evaluated for the probe responses during measurement. X-wire probes are calibrated for low to moderate velocities (0.65 m/s to 32 m/s) and yaw angles in the range −40° to 40° and comparisons with conventional interpolation schemes are made. The proposed algorithm can be extended to calibration of other multiple wire probes and for higher velocities. Some measurements in a single round turbulent jet flow at high Reynolds number using the proposed inversion algorithm are also presented. The present scheme is found to perform better particularly at low flow magnitudes and/or extreme flow angles than the schemes used previously.
Robust fault-tolerant control design for hypersonic vehicle with input saturation and actuator faults
Authors: Yue Zhong-Zhe , Sun Jing-Guang
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the flight longitudinal tracking control problem of hypersonic vehicle in presence of the input saturation, external disturbances, model parametric uncertainties, and actuator faults. First, the velocity and altitude subsystem are established with disturbances based on the feedback linearization model. Second, two robust anti-saturation fault-tolerant controllers are designed for the velocity subsystem and altitude subsystem by the utilization of the tangent function, Nussbaum function, and adaptive nonlinear filter. Finally, Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove that the states of the closed-loop system are bounded. And, the effectiveness and robustness of the control strategy are proved by numerical simulations.
Systemic lupus erythematosus on social networking sites: Friends or foes?
Authors: Dima Alina , Abida Rym , Sadovici-Bobeica Victoria , Delcea Caterina
Published: August 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most studied autoimmune diseases. The interest shown for this pathology is translated into international scientific journals, congresses, meetings and, recently, in large data available online. Social networking sites (SNS) have gradually advanced from ways to facilitate interpersonal relations to important sources of information, including medical data regarding SLE, with sites largely accessed by both doctors and patients. Albeit the use of SNS can be valuable in providing education and promoting development of public health, it can be misleading if unprofessional sources of information are used; therefore, both “friends and foes” of the data accessed on large scale should always be considered. This viewpoint is a discussion of the potential benefits and harms related to the SNS use for SLE patients as well as for their physicians.
Internationalization–Innovation Strategy in New Ventures: A Log-linear Analysis
Authors: Alves Marlon F. R. , Bansi Ana Claudia , Kim Sahrok , Oliveira Maxwell F. , Galina Simone V. R.
Published: August 2021

Despite the well-established empirical evidence of a positive mutual effect of internationalization and innovation, the extant literature provides a limited understanding of factors that could strengthen the adoption of a dual strategy in new ventures. This article addresses this critical gap through the examination of a large dataset on entrepreneurial activity from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, which covers 50 countries in both developed and developing contexts. This article advances an estimation of a hierarchical log-linear model designed to uncover the mutual influence of micro (i.e., entrepreneurs and firm particularities) and macro (i.e., industry and environment features) factors and to identify which variables are of great importance with respect to the innovation–internationalization strategy in new ventures. The results suggest that (a) combinations of micro and macro factors explain the adoption of the internationalization–innovation strategy in new ventures; (b) gender barriers to adoption appear in developed countries; (c) opportunity recognition is relevant to adoption in any country; and (d) business skills are significant to adoption only in low-technology sectors. This article adds to the extant literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of how micro- and macro-level factors concurrently affect innovation and internationalization strategies for new ventures.
Impact of Perceived Risk on Tourist Satisfaction and Future Travel Intentions: A Mediation–Moderation Analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Manjula , Islam Naser Ul
Published: August 2021

This research study is conducted in the Kashmir Valley, which is rated heavenly for its natural beauty. However, it is also perceived as risky by the outsiders since 1989. Earlier, it was a very popular destination for tourists and for shooting of films. Kashmir still gets good number of tourists, but the puzzle of impact of perceived risks on their behaviour still remains blurred. This research study is an attempt to understand the behaviour of tourists visiting Kashmir in terms of satisfaction from tour and future travel-related intentions as an outcome of perceived risk. Tourist satisfaction as mediator and demographic variables as moderator are carried out to gain insight into the behaviour of these tourists. The results of the study show that tourist satisfaction and future travel intentions of tourists in the Kashmir Valley are not impacted by their perception of risks. The results are a valuable input for DMOs that suggests that risks at the destination cannot be taken as the default barrier to the promotion of tourism. The necessary supply-side interventions at the destination to mitigate identified perceived risks by tourists and tourism relationship strategies at the demand side to address tour satisfaction can reflect in rewarding future travel intentions like revisits and recommendations.
Barriers and Factors Affecting E-commerce Utilization of Thai Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Food and Beverage and Retail Services
Authors: Amornkitvikai Yot , Tham Siew Yean , Tangpoolcharoen Jiraporn
Published: August 2021

E-commerce is deemed as the next potential source of growth for Thailand, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are still behind in their utilization of e-commerce. This article uses the decision-makers, technological, organizational and environmental (DTOE) framework to examine the key e-commerce barriers and determinants in e-commerce utilization by Thai SMEs based on a survey of retail and food and beverage (F&B) service establishments in metropolitan Bangkok. This study aims to fill the research gap by examining the types of barriers that hinder e-commerce utilization by Thai SMEs in the F&B and retail services, as well as their key determinants. Unlike e-commerce adoption, e-commerce utilization can capture the full range of e-commerce engagement. The survey’s findings indicate that organizational barriers significantly inhibit e-commerce utilization. Estimations from the structural equation modelling (SEM) show that exports, e-commerce tools, government support, and internal and external e-commerce platforms can enhance e-commerce utilization. In addition, business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce can increase the exports of Thai SMEs, while older entrepreneurs and SMEs tend to neglect e-commerce. Evidence-based policy implications and suggestions are also discussed in this study to enhance e-commerce utilization for Thai SMEs.
A novel model and solution on the bending problem of arbitrary shaped magnetoelectroelastic plates based on the modified strain gradient theory
Authors: Han Yating , Yan Zhen , Lin Ji , Feng Wenjie
Published: August 2021

A size-dependent magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) plate bending model is established where the governing equations and concrete forms of three different mechanical boundary conditions under modified strain gradient theory are derived by the variational principle. Then, the meshless method of polynomial particular solutions is further developed to solve this bending problem. Finally, the influences of size effect, mechanical-electric-magnetic coupling loads, and Pasternak foundation on the bending properties of MEE plates are detailed discussed by some typical numerical examples. Of importance, by virtue of the general applicability and superior flexibility of current method, the bending analyses of MEE plates under different mechanical boundary conditions and geometrical shapes can be carried out, and some novel conclusions are concluded.
Anisotropic, rate-dependent ductile fracture of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Ruiz de Sotto Miguel , Doquet Véronique , Longère Patrice , Papasidero Jessica
Published: August 2021

An extensive experimental campaign was run to investigate the influence of the loading direction, stress state (triaxiality ratio ranging from −0.5 to 1), and strain rate (from 10−3 to 1.5x103s−1) on the ductile fracture of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Microscopic and macroscopic observations provided some insight into the shear-driven or micro-voiding-controlled damage mechanisms prevailing at low and high triaxiality ratios, respectively. Numerical simulations were run to determine the local loading paths to fracture in terms of plastic strain as a function of stress triaxiality ratio and Lode parameter. The ductility was found to be anisotropic, but only weakly dependent on the strain rate in the considered range. The anisotropy in ductility was different in tension (maximum along DD) and in compression (maximum along ND). The fracture strain decreased with the absolute value of the triaxiality, with a maximum close to zero. No clear correlation with the Lode parameter was found.
Characteristics of the least-cited and most-cited articles in ophthalmology journals: A pilot study
Authors: Patel Parth A , Gopali Rhea , Reddy Anvith , Patel Kajol K
Published: August 2021

Background:

Limited research has examined differences between uncited papers and their most-cited counterparts. By comparing characteristics of each cohort, it is possible to better determine factors associated with increased citation count in the ophthalmology literature.

Methods:

We initially identified all research articles published in six popular general ophthalmology journals ( Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, American Journal of Ophthalmology, British Journal of Ophthalmology, and Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology) between 2001 and 2011. Forty-nine articles were identified as having accrued zero citations as of March 2021 and were compared with an equivalent number of articles with the highest number of citations published in the same journals and time period. Significance ( p < 0.05) for comparisons was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

Compared to the least-cited articles, the most-cited articles were significantly more likely to be clinical, multi-institutional, and multi-national in scope, report a statistically significant result, have a conflict of interest, state a funding source, and have higher sample sizes. These publications had significantly more words in the abstract and manuscript and more references. Overall, the first authors of the most-cited articles were significantly more likely to be female and report greater prior research productivity, as assessed by the relative citation ratio (RCR).

Conclusion:

Considering a small number of articles were uncited at least a decade after publication, it appears most research is useful for future investigations. However, there remain distinct differences between uncited articles and their most-cited equivalents in ophthalmology.
A preliminary study of the relationship between working memory, language experience, and grammatical skill in dual language learners
Authors: Jenkins Kimberly C , Anderson Raquel T
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

This study examined the relationship between verbal short-term and working memory, language experience, and English tense-marking skill in Spanish L1-English L2 dual language learners (DLLs).

Methodology:

Ten Spanish-English DLLs, in kindergarten and first grade, participated in the study. Children completed the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment, a narrative retell task in English, and verbal memory tasks. Parents provided information regarding language input and output in the home and school environment.

Data and analysis:

Correlational analyses were conducted to examine relationships between English and Spanish input/output, forward and backward digit span, assessed in English and Spanish, and the accurate and productive use of English tense morphemes in various linguistic contexts.

Conclusions:

Study outcomes indicated varied use of English tense morphemes among DLLs. Additionally, a strong, positive association was found between the use of a variety of distinct tense forms and verbal working memory performance.

Originality:

This study is the first investigation to examine verbal short-term and working memory and home language experience to advance our understanding of the specific child internal and external factors that may account for the variability in tense marking during English second language acquisition.

Significance:

This research provides further insight to the effects of individual differences on the acquisition of second language grammatical skill during childhood.
Complications of Caesarean delivery part 2: Non-pregnant and pregnancy-related complications
Authors: Tan Eelin , Tan Timothy Shao Ern , Leong Teo Harvey Eu , Lau Li Ching
Published: August 2021

Introduction

With the rise in Caesarean deliveries, complications related to the procedure are increasingly encountered. Sonography has an indispensable role in the assessment of these complications and is often the first-line investigation of choice. Topic description: Part 2 of this pictorial review summarises the non-pregnant and pregnancy-related complications of Caesarean deliveries.

Discussion

Non-pregnant complications include Caesarean scar defects, scar endometriosis and malpositioned intrauterine devices. Complications related to future gestations include scar ectopic pregnancy, abnormal placentation and intrapartum uterine dehiscence or rupture. Key sonographic features of these conditions are illustrated. Pitfalls, mimics, limitations and indications for cross-sectional imaging are discussed.

Conclusion

Sound knowledge of the sonographic features of common non-pregnant and pregnancy-related complications of Caesarean delivery will facilitate accurate diagnosis, timely management and improved patient outcomes.
Crazy, stupid, disobedience: The dark side of paradoxical leadership
Authors: Julmi Christian
Published: August 2021

In organizations, paradoxes are not only an expression of growing dynamism and complexity. Leaders can also generate them intentionally by means of double-bind rhetoric in order to exercise power. In double-bind situations, followers are trapped in a paradox: they have no possibility of doing what is right, but can always be made responsible by their leaders for wrong decisions. To create awareness of this dark side of paradoxical leadership, the article builds and elaborates a theoretical typology of double binds in organizations and discusses it in terms of the introduced concept of paratoxical leadership. The article further explains how paratoxical leadership leads to dysfunctional outcomes for the individual and the organization and discusses ways to successfully prevent and resolve instances of paratoxical leadership. In this way, the article shows how leadership power, or more precisely, the abuse of leadership power, in organizations can be explained from a paradox perspective.
Effective disinfecting of protective devices used in the course of treating SARS-CoV2–positive patients
Authors: Tan Moarie Grace , Gui Feng Tang , Teck Liang Lim , Koh Sabrina BL , Biauw Chi Ong , Min Hoe Chew , Siok Peng Ng , Siew Fong Ng
Published: August 2021

Background:

Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) was widely used in Sengkang General Hospital (SKH) during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Ensuring a sustained supply of clean and reusable PAPR masks for frontline medical team is an immediate challenge. The Central Sterile Supplies Unit (CSSU) adopts existing disinfection methods and technology for the reprocessing of reusable personal protective equipment (PPE) such as PAPR masks and goggles.

Objective:

To determine an effective disinfecting method for protective devices used in the course of treating SARS-CoV2–positive patients.

Method:

A comparison on surface disinfection and modified thermal disinfection outcome was conducted on 30 PAPR masks through detecting the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by swab following both disinfecting methods.

Results:

The modified thermal cycles emerged as the recommended disinfection method.

Discussion:

The outcome of this study has enhanced understanding on the risk imposed on frontline healthcare personnel who perform surface disinfecting on masks for reuse during the work shift. Leveraging on the current expertise from existing instrument logistics, CSSU takes charge of the processing and stock management of SKH’s PAPR masks. An additional workflow is needed to establish reprocessing methods for other reusable PPEs such as face shields or overalls.
Natural history and screening of interstitial lung disease in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders
Authors: Panagopoulos Panagiotis , Goules Andreas , Hoffmann-Vold Anna Maria , Matteson Eric L. , Tzioufas Athanasios
Published: August 2021

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a relatively frequent manifestation of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (SARDs), including systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) has been proposed to describe patients with ILD who have clinical or serological findings compatible with SARDs but they are not sufficient for a definite diagnosis. ILD may present with different patterns among patients with SARDs, but most commonly as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), with the exception of RA and ANCA vasculitis that more often present with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). The natural history of ILD is quite variable, even among patients with the same SARD. It may present with subclinical features following a slow progressively course or with acute manifestations and clinically significant rapid progression leading to severe deterioration of pulmonary function and respiratory failure. The radiographic pattern of ILD, the extent of the disease, the baseline pulmonary function, the pulmonary function deterioration rate over time and clinical variables related to the primary SARD, such as age, sex and the clinical phenotype, are considered prognostic factors for SARDs-ILD associated with adverse outcomes and increased mortality. Different modalities can be employed for ILD detection including clinical evaluation, pulmonary function tests, high resolution computed tomography and novel techniques such as lung ultrasound and serum biomarkers. ILD may determine the clinical outcome of SARDs, since it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and therefore screening of patients with SARDs for ILD is of great clinical importance.
Emicizumab in acquired haemophilia A: about two clinical cases and literature review
Authors: Hansenne Amandine , Hermans Cedric
Published: August 2021

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare and severe haemorrhagic autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies directed against factor VIII (FVIII). Treatment is based on two principles, including haemostatic control to compensate FVIII inhibition and eradication of inhibiting antibodies using immunosuppressive therapy. Rapid recognition and proper management are essential to avoid excess morbidity and mortality. Effective and safe treatments can be challenging, given that AHA patients are often elderly, with multiple comorbidities. Emicizumab, a bispecific antibody that mimics the action of FVIII, has proven effective in managing patients with congenital haemophilia, with or without inhibitors. Likewise, its mode of action suggests theoretical efficacy in AHA patients. We herein describe two AHA cases with comorbidities that were treated effectively using emicizumab combined with immunosuppressive therapy. We have also reviewed the current literature regarding the promising use of emicizumab in this indication.
Challenges of biological monitoring in a hemophilia A patient without inhibitors on emicizumab undergoing major orthopedic surgery: a case report
Authors: Guillaume Louise , van Dievoet Marie-Astrid , Lambert Catherine , Hermans Cedric
Published: August 2021

A man with severe hemophilia A (HA) without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors was admitted for total arthroplasty of his elbow. The patient was being treated with emicizumab, with his last administration given 8 days before surgery. Preoperatively, he received a bolus of 4000 international units (IU) of recombinant (r)FVIII. Throughout the operation, a continuous infusion of 4 IU/kg/h was administered and maintained over 24 hours. On the first postoperative day, the FVIII infusion rate was reduced to 225 IU/h for 4 days and stopped on the fifth day. Under this treatment, no bleeding complications occurred. Emicizumab is known to interfere with a wide range of coagulation assays, thereby challenging replacement therapy monitoring before, during, and after surgery. In this case study, we report on the assessment of FVIII levels at different time points using various reagents. We conclude that for both hematologists and non-hematology clinicians, it is crucial to be aware of emicizumab interferences with routine coagulation tests so as to avoid misinterpretation. In addition, laboratory specialists must be familiar with this treatment in order to select appropriate coagulation tests and provide rapid and reliable result interpretations.
A case report of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with mastocytosis
Authors: Lee Hyun Yi , Lee Joong Sun , Koo Dae Won
Published: August 2021

A 53-year-old man presented with asymptomatic, dusky reddish nodules on his trunk, which had persisted for 7 years. Histological findings showed nodular to diffuse dermal infiltration of lymphocytes with irregular nuclei, eosinophils, plasma cells, and mast cells. CD20 revealed patch positivity. Periphery of lymphoid follicles showed BCL-2 positivity and BCL-6 positivity focally at the center. CD30 and toluidine blue staining showed positivity, and several mast cells were confirmed. The immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement result showed B-cell monoclonality. The patient’s condition was diagnosed as cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, plasmacytoid type with mastocytosis. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma with a tendency for local recurrence. In the specimen obtained from our patient, multiple mast cells were observed. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with prominent mastocytosis is rare and there are a few reported cases. Therefore, this case is worth reporting for its rarity and for the purpose of reminding mastocytosis in primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.
Mental Health, College Athletics, and the Media Framing of D. J. Carton’s Announcement to Step Away From his Team
Authors: Cassilo David , Kluch Yannick
Published: August 2021

This research analyzed the media framing of the decision by D. J. Carton, a collegiate men’s basketball player from Ohio State University, to take a leave of absence from his team due to mental health issues. While prior research has examined media framing of public mental health disclosures by professional athletes, this has yet to occur for a collegiate athlete, which is a necessary area of inquiry due to the prevalence of mental health issues among college students as well as the many differences that exist between professional and collegiate athletics. A media framing analysis of 63 press articles for Carton revealed five frames used to discuss Carton’s situation. Of those frames, four were largely positive in nature, focusing on areas such as the support Carton received at Ohio State, his role as a mental health advocate, and shedding the stigma of mental illness in collegiate athletics. However, one frame within the coverage treated Carton as a commodity by focusing on his athletic value rather than him as a person or his personal issues. Overall, the positive types of news frames can normalize mental health disclosure on the college campus and set expectations for the level of support athletes will receive.
Clinical Questions Asked by Long-Term Care Providers Through eConsult: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fung Celeste , Shah Soha , Helmer-Smith Mary , Levi Cheryl , Keely Erin , Liddy Clare
Published: August 2021

Introduction

eConsult allows primary care providers (PCPs) to access timely specialist advice and informs patient care. To understand the use of eConsult in long-term care (LTC) settings, we examined the clinical content and types of questions asked by LTC PCPs.

Methods

A descriptive, retrospective study of eConsults submitted through the Champlain BASE™ eConsult Service between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, by LTC PCPs was conducted. Cases were classified using validated taxonomies. Descriptive statistics were generated for content and question type classifications, service utilization data, and close-out survey responses.

Results

22 LTC PCPs submitted 113 eConsults. They sought advice about drug treatment (58%), diagnosis (44%), and management (38%) in a breadth of clinical areas, often skin-related (39%). Long-term care PCPs frequently asked more than one question type (42%). They received advice within 1 week (91%) and rated eConsult as very helpful and educational. Three case examples are presented.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the type of advice LTC PCPs are seeking through eConsult and its usefulness in this setting. Long-term care stakeholders are encouraged to consider implementing eConsult in other regions, as a means to improve access to timely specialist advice, support clinical decision-making, and improve residents’ quality of life.
Factors associated with food safety knowledge and practices among meat handlers in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Banna Md. Hasan , Disu Tasnim Rahman , Kundu Satyajit , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Brazendale Keith , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Okyere Joshua , Rahman Nahidur , Mondal Shuvajit , Matubber Bidyut , Khan Md Shafiqul Islam
Published: August 2021

Background

Food handlers can play a vital role into reducing foodborne diseases by adopting appropriate food handling and sanitation practices in working plants. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with food safety knowledge and practices among meat handlers who work at butcher shops in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 meat handlers from January to March, 2021. Data were collected through in-person interviews using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts; socio-demographic characteristics, assessments of food safety knowledge, and food safety practices. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with food safety knowledge and practices.

Results

Only 20% [95% confidence interval, (CI) 15.7–24.7] and 16.3% (95% CI 12.3–20.7) of the respondents demonstrated good levels of food safety knowledge and practices, respectively. The factors associated with good levels of food safety knowledge were: having a higher secondary education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.57, 95% CI 1.11–18.76], income above 25,000 BDT/month (AOR = 10.52, 95% CI 3.43–32.26), work experience of > 10 years (AOR = 9.31, 95% CI 1.92–45.09), ≥ 8 h per day of work (AOR = 6.14, 95% CI 2.69–13.10), employed on a daily basis (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI 1.16–14.14), and having food safety training (AOR = 8.98 95% CI 2.16–37.32). Good food safety knowledge (AOR = 5.68, 95% CI 2.33–13.87) and working ≥ 8 h per day (AOR = 8.44, 95% CI 3.11–22.91) were significantly associated with a good level of food safety practice.

Conclusions

Poor knowledge and practices regarding food safety were found among Bangladeshi meat handlers. Findings may help public health professionals and practitioners develop targeted strategies to improve food safety knowledge and practices among this population. Such strategies may include education and sensitization on good food safety practices.
Nitrate consumption by the oxidation of sulfides during an enhanced natural attenuation project at a contaminated site in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Fichtner Thomas , Fischer Axel René , Dornack Christina
Published: August 2021

Background

Organic pollutants at contaminated sites are often eliminated naturally by biological degradation. The redox processes responsible can be enhanced by infiltrating electron acceptors such as nitrate or sulfate into the aquifer. However, the addition of oxidative agents can lead to undesired side-effects in the saturated soil zone such as the consumption of nitrate by the oxidation of sulfides contained in the aquifer. Laboratory-scale 1D column experiments in up flow mode were performed to evaluate the potential consumption of nitrate and the related kinetics by the oxidation of sulfides during an enhanced natural attenuation project at a site contaminated with monoaromatic compounds and trimethylbenzene. Water containing nitrate was infiltrated into aquifer soil material containing sulfides. To study side reactions, experiments were conducted with low levels of organic hazardous compounds.

Results

The results indicate that sulfide was oxidized with the simultaneous formation of sulfate by nitrate-consuming processes. The degradation rate of sulfide was calculated to be 1.26 mg kg−1 per exchanged pore volume, corresponding to nitrate consumption of 8.5 mg kg−1 in the case of incomplete denitrification and 3.4 mg kg−1 in the case of complete denitrification.

Conclusion

The presence of sulfides contained in the soil leads to a nitrate-consuming redox reaction following a linear function in case of sufficient availability of nitrate. This information is helpful for planning ENA projects at contaminated sites to reduce the risk of under- or overdosing the electron acceptor nitrate, which may lead to a lack of nitrate needed to enhance the biodegradation of contaminants in the aquifer or to the deterioration of groundwater quality.
Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolome in early life
Authors: Nguyen Quang P. , Karagas Margaret R. , Madan Juliette C. , Dade Erika , Palys Thomas J. , Morrison Hilary G. , Pathmasiri Wimal W. , McRitche Susan , Sumner Susan J. , Frost H. Robert , Hoen Anne G.
Published: August 2021

Background

The infant intestinal microbiome plays an important role in metabolism and immune development with impacts on lifelong health. The linkage between the taxonomic composition of the microbiome and its metabolic phenotype is undefined and complicated by redundancies in the taxon-function relationship within microbial communities. To inform a more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and health, we performed an integrative statistical and machine learning-based analysis of microbe taxonomic structure and metabolic function in order to characterize the taxa-function relationship in early life.

Results

Stool samples collected from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) at approximately 6-weeks (n = 158) and 12-months (n = 282) of age were profiled using targeted and untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as DNA sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. There was significant inter-omic concordance based on Procrustes analysis (6 weeks:p = 0.056; 12 months:p = 0.001), however this association was no longer significant when accounting for phylogenetic relationships using generalized UniFrac distance metric (6 weeks:p = 0.376; 12 months:p = 0.069). Sparse canonical correlation analysis showed significant correlation, as well as identifying sets of microbe/metabolites driving microbiome-metabolome relatedness. Performance of machine learning models varied across different metabolites, with support vector machines (radial basis function kernel) being the consistently top ranked model. However, predictive R2values demonstrated poor predictive performance across all models assessed (avg: − 5.06% -- 6 weeks; − 3.7% -- 12 months). Conversely, the Spearman correlation metric was higher (avg: 0.344–6 weeks; 0.265–12 months). This demonstrated that taxonomic relative abundance was not predictive of metabolite concentrations.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a degree of overall association between taxonomic profiles and metabolite concentrations. However, lack of predictive capacity for stool metabolic signatures reflects, in part, the possible role of functional redundancy in defining the taxa-function relationship in early life as well as the bidirectional nature of the microbiome-metabolome association. Our results provide evidence in favor of a multi-omic approach for microbiome studies, especially those focused on health outcomes.
Genetic fingerprinting and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus section Flavi associated with groundnut in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Abdi , Faustinelli Paola C. , Chala Alemayehu , Dejene Mashilla , Fininsa Chemeda , Ayalew Amare , Ojiewo Chris O. , Hoisington David A. , Sobolev Victor S. , Martínez-Castillo Jaime , Arias Renee S.
Published: August 2021

Background

Aspergillusspecies cause aflatoxin contamination in groundnut kernels, being a health threat in agricultural products and leading to commodity rejection by domestic and international markets. Presence ofAspergillus flavusandA. parasiticuscolonizing groundnut in eastern Ethiopia, as well as presence of aflatoxins have been reported, though in this region, no genetic studies have been done of these species in relation to their aflatoxin production.

Results

In this study, 145Aspergillusisolates obtained from groundnut kernels in eastern Ethiopia were genetically fingerprinted using 23 Insertion/Deletion (InDel) markers within the aflatoxin-biosynthesis gene cluster (ABC), identifying 133 ABC genotypes. Eighty-four isolates were analyzed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for in vitro aflatoxin production. Analysis of genetic distances based on the approximately 85 kb-ABC by Neighbor Joining (NJ), 3D-Principal Coordinate Analysis (3D-PCoA), and Structure software, clustered the isolates into three main groups as a gradient in their aflatoxin production. Group I, contained 98%A. flavus, including L- and non-producers of sclerotia (NPS), producers of B1and B2aflatoxins, and most of them collected from the lowland-dry Babile area. Group II was a genetic admixture population ofA. flavus(NPS) andA. flavusS morphotype, both low producers of aflatoxins. Group III was primarily represented byA. parasiticusandA. flavusS morphotype isolates both producers of B1, B2and G1, G2aflatoxins, and originated from the regions of Darolabu and Gursum. The highest in vitro producer of aflatoxin B1wasA. flavusNPS N1436 (77.98 μg/mL), and the highest producer of aflatoxin G1wasA. parasiticusN1348 (50.33 μg/mL), these isolates were from Gursum and Darolabu, respectively.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that combined the use of InDel fingerprinting of the ABC and corresponding aflatoxin production capability to describe the genetic diversity ofAspergillusisolates from groundnut in eastern Ethiopia.

Three InDel markers, AFLC04, AFLC08 and AFLC19, accounted for the main assignment of individuals to the three Groups; their loci corresponded toaflC(pksA),hypC, andaflW(moxY) genes, respectively. Despite InDels within the ABC being often associated to loss of aflatoxin production, the vast InDel polymorphism observed in theAspergillusisolates did not completely impaired their aflatoxin production in vitro.
Genome-wide identification, gene cloning, subcellular location and expression analysis of SPL gene family in P. granatum L
Authors: Li Bianbian , Zhao Yujie , Wang Sha , Zhang Xinhui , Wang Yongwei , Shen Yu , Yuan Zhaohe
Published: August 2021

Backgrounds

Pomegranate is an excellent tree species with nutritional, medicinal, ornamental and ecological values. Studies have confirmed that SPL factors play an important role in floral transition and flower development.

Results

Used bioinformatics methods, 15 SPL (SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like) genes were identified and analyzed from the ‘Taishanhong’ pomegranate (P. granatum L.) genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PgSPLs were divided into six subfamilies (G1 ~ G6). PgSPL promoter sequences contained multiple cis-acting elements associated with abiotic stress or hormonal response. Based on the transcriptome data, expression profiles of different tissues and different developmental stages showed that PgSPL genes had distinct temporal and spatial expression characteristics. The expression analysis of miR156 in small RNA sequencing results showed that miR156 negatively regulated the expression of target genes. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of PgSPL2, PgSPL3, PgSPL6, PgSPL11 and PgSPL14 in leaves were significantly higher than those in buds and stems (p < 0.05). The expression levels of PgSPL5, PgSPL12 and PgSPL13 in flower buds were significantly higher than that in leaves and stems (p < 0.05). The full-length of coding sequence of PgSPL5 and PgSPL13 were obtained by homologous cloning technology. The full length of PgSPL5 is 1020 bp, and PgSPL13 is 489 bp, which encodes 339 and 162 amino acids, respectively. Further investigation revealed that PgSPL5 and PgSPL13 proteins were located in the nucleus. Exogenous plant growth regulator induction experiments showed that PgSPL5 was up-regulated in leaves and stems. PgSPL13 was up-regulated in leaves and down-regulated in stems. When sprayed with 6-BA, IBA and PP333 respectively, PgSPL5 and PgSPL13 were up-regulated most significantly at P2 (bud vertical diameter was 5.1 ~ 12.0 mm) stage of bisexual and functional male flowers.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that PgSPL2, PgSPL3, PgSPL6, PgSPL11 and PgSPL14 played roles in leaves development of pomegranate. PgSPL5, PgSPL12 and PgSPL13 played roles in pomegranate flower development. PgSPL5 and PgSPL13 were involved in the response process of different plant hormone signal transduction in pomegranate development. This study provided a robust basis for further functional analyses of SPL genes in pomegranate.
Utility of the narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classification for optical diagnosis of colorectal polyp histology in clinical practice: a retrospective study
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiko , Tanaka Kyosuke , Katsurahara Masaki , Horiki Noriyuki , Yamada Reiko , Yamada Tomomi , Takei Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2021

Background

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) highlights the surface structures and vessels of colorectal polyps and is useful for determining the polyp histology. The narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification is a diagnostic tool for determining colorectal polyp histology based on NBI without optical magnification. In this study, we aimed to investigate the value of each type of the NICE classification for determining colorectal polyp histology using endoscopy data accumulated in a clinical setting.

Methods

Endoscopy data for 534 colorectal polyps (316 patients) treated at our facility were retrospectively analyzed. First, we investigated the diagnostic performance of each type of the NICE classification for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyp histology. The procedures were performed by experienced endoscopists using high-definition colonoscopy without optical magnification. Second, inter-observer and intra-observer agreements were assessed after providing experts and non-experts with a short lecture on the NICE classification. Using 50 fine NBI images of colorectal polyps without optical magnification, the inter-observer and intra-observer agreements between five experts and five non-experts were assessed.

Results

The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were 86.0%, 99.6%, and 98.5% for NICE type 1 lesions; 99.2%, 85.2%, and 97.8% for NICE type 2 lesions; and 81.8%, 99.6%, and 99.3% for NICE type 3 lesions, respectively. The inter-observer and intra-observer agreements ranged from substantial to excellent for both experts and non-experts.

Conclusions

The NICE classification had good diagnostic ability in terms of determining the polyp histology and demonstrated a high level of reproducibility among experts and non-experts. Thus, the NICE classification is a useful clinical tool that can be used without optical magnification.