bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NarmViz: A novel method for visualization of time series numerical association rules for smart agriculture
Authors: Fister Iztok , Fister Iztok , Podgorelec Vili , Salcedo‐Sanz Sancho , Holzinger Andreas
Published: November 2023

Numerical association rule mining (NARM) is a popular method under the umbrella of data mining, focused on finding relationships between attributes in transaction databases. Numerical association rules for time series are a new paradigm that extends the applicability of NARM to the domain of time series. Association rule mining algorithms result in numerous rules, the interpretation of which is sometimes not easy for human experts. Therefore, various visualization methods have been developed to improve the explanation results of the rule mining process. This article is a novel contribution to the development of a new visualization method capable of presenting the association rules for time series developed according to the principles of explainable artificial intelligence. The experiments are conducted in the context of smart agriculture (i.e., agricultural time series data), and show the great potential of the proposed visualization method for the future.
Oral mucosa and cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis in an older patient: A case report
Authors: Bertolini Gunther Ricardo , Teixeira Lucas Ribeiro , Chahud Fernando , Elias Daniel , da Silva Souza Cacilda , Lourenço Alan Grupioni , Motta Ana Carolina Fragoso
Published: November 2023

Background

Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease; however, information about psoriasis‐related oral mucosal lesions is scarce in the literature.

Case Description

We report a case of a 73‐year‐old male patient with cutaneous and oral palatal alterations. An incisional biopsy of these lesions revealed psoriasis.

Conclusion

The current case highlights the importance of a systematic examination of the oral cavity in psoriasis patients for the appropriate diagnosis and management on the control of these lesions.
Total rewards preferences: A cross‐sectional study among two generations of nurses in rural and remote Thailand
Authors: Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee , Wichaikum Orn‐Anong , Nantsupawat Apiradee , Kunnaviktikul Wipada , Turale Sue
Published: November 2023

Background

Nursing and health policy focus on retaining nurses in practice, especially because the world lacks more than 6 million nurses. Rewards are believed to be an effective strategy to attract, retain, and improve the performance of nurses in rural and remote areas where nursing shortages are more severe. However, Generations X and Y have been found to have different preferences for rewards in various settings, so a one‐size‐fits‐all approach may not work for rewarding work.

Objective

To examine the perceptions of satisfaction and the importance of rewards among two generations of Thai registered nurses.

Methods

Using the Total Reward Scale, a descriptive comparative study design was employed and the data was collected from 354 nurses in rural and remote Thai community hospitals. This study is reported using the STROBE checklist. Descriptive statistics and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze data.

Results

Generations X (born in 1965–1980) and Y (born in 1981–2000) were most satisfied with and rated base salary as the most important reward. However, these generations significantly differed in their perspective about importance of healthcare, leadership, long‐term incentives, time‐off leave, and variable pay.

Conclusion

Different types of rewards were satisfying and essential for Thai nurses in Generations X and Y.

Implications for nursing and health policy

National reward policies and management should be designed on priorities regarding reasonable base salary, and retirement benefits to address nursing shortages in rural and remote areas. Policymakers in health and nursing must invest in developing funded policies that consider the needs of different generations of nurses if they want success in retaining them on the job.
An empirical investigation of social comparison and open source community health
Authors: Lumbard Kevin , Germonprez Matt , Goggins Sean
Published: November 2023

It is well known that corporations rely on open source software as part of their product development lifecycle. Given these commitments, understanding the health of open source communities is a central concern in today's business setting. Our research uses social comparison theory as a framework for understanding how open source communities consider community health beyond any single metric within any single open source community—including a broader view of how others are using these health indicators in practice. Using methods from engaged field research, including 38 interviews, we examine practices of social comparison as an advancement in understanding open source community health—and subsequently engagement with open source communities. The results of this study show that open source community health is not a single set of discrete metrics but is an ongoing social construction. Through our study, we advance theoretical and applied knowledge regarding issues of open source community health, open source community engagement, and social comparison.
Prominent energy storage density and efficiency of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐based ceramics via multiscale amelioration strategy
Authors: Chen Zhemin , Pu Yongping , Ning Yating , Hui Yiting , Wu Chunhui , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xuqing , Wang Bo
Published: November 2023

Eco‐friendly ceramic capacitors gradually become an important section of pulsed power devices. However, the synchronous realization of ultra‐high energy storage density (Wrec > 6 J/cm3) and efficiency (η > 90%) is difficult. Thus, a novel multiscale amelioration strategy in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐based ceramics is proposed to achieve ultra‐high energy storage density and efficiency. The multiscale amelioration strategy for (Na0.5Bi0.47La0.03)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (NBLBT) ceramic focuses on grain size, bandgap width, and dielectric relaxor behavior, which can be regulated by introducing Sr(Al0.5Nb0.25Ta0.25)O3 (SANT). On the one hand, the refined grain size and increased bandgap width are conducive to improving the breakdown strength. On the other hand, the optimized dielectric relaxation behavior is beneficial to suppress the remanent polarization. Accordingly, an ultrahigh Wrec = 6.89 J/cm3 and η = 90.1% are simultaneously achieved in 0.84NBLBT‐ 0.16SANT ceramic. In addition, the sample synchronously possesses excellent thermal and frequency stability (a variation within 5% in Wrec and η), transient discharge rate of t0.9 ∼ 78.8 ns and a high‐power density of PD ∼ 114.5 MW/cm3. This study provides an effective strategy to further develop pulsed power devices.
Photochromic induced dual‐mode luminescence modulation of CaWO4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Bi3+ ceramics for anticounterfeiting agent
Authors: Gao ZiWen , Bai Xue , Zhao Heping , Fu Shasha , Zhu Bokun , Yan Shilei , Ruan Keliang , Cai Xinhao , Zhang Wuxi , Zhang Yueteng , Khan Imran , Haider Asif Ali , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Huang Anjun , Cun Yangke , Tatiana Cherkasova , Yang Zhengwen
Published: November 2023

Photochromic reaction‐induced reversible luminescence materials have attracted extensive attention and research in information storage, anticounterfeiting and other aspects. The reversible luminescence regulation could induced photochromic reaction by external fields stimulation. However, most of the bleaching methods stay in the high temperature thermal stimulation bleaching, which has low efficiency and long reaction time, thus limiting its application. In this work, the CaWO4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Bi3+ ceramics were prepared to realize the reversible regulation of photoluminescent and photochromism by light stimulation. The CaWO4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Bi3+ ceramics turn gray after being exposed to 254 nm ultraviolet light for 25 min, and then turn white under the irradiation of 532 nm laser for 10 s to restore to the original state. The cation vacancies and oxygen vacancies formed in co‐doped Bi3+ CaWO4 ceramics lead to photochromic effect. CaWO4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Bi3+ ceramics realize reversible dual mode upconversion and downconversion luminescence, improving security and reliability in anticounterfeiting. The reversibility photoluminescent and photochromism of CaWO4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Bi3+ ceramics was verified by 245‐nm ultraviolet coloration and 532‐nm laser bleaching, which indicates that CaWO4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Bi3+ ceramics have potential application prospects as anticounterfeiting agents.
Computation and Accuracy Evaluation of Comparable Scores on Culturally Responsive Assessments
Authors: Sinharay Sandip , Johnson Matthew S.
Published: November 2023

Culturally responsive assessments have been proposed as potential tools to ensure equity and fairness for examinees from all backgrounds including those from traditionally underserved or minoritized groups. However, these assessments are relatively new and, with few exceptions, are yet to be implemented in large scale. Consequently, there is a lack of guidance on how one can compute comparable scores on various versions of these assessments. In this paper, the multigroup multidimensional Rasch model is repurposed for modeling data originating from various versions of a culturally responsive assessment and for analyzing such data to compute comparable scores. Two simulation studies are performed to evaluate the performance of the model for data simulated from hypothetical culturally responsive assessments and to find the conditions under which the computed scores are accurate. Recommendations are made for measurement practitioners interested in culturally responsive assessments.
Calcined waste shells as a promising, eco‐friendly adsorbent, antimicrobial, food preservative, and food packaging material: A mini review
Authors: Zhang Jufang , Zheng Bei , Zhang Chiqian , Xie Li , Fang Changqing
Published: November 2023

Conventionally, waste shells from aquaculture are dumped as a low‐value byproduct, which deteriorates ecosystems and threatens public health. Therefore, the reuse of waste shells is a pivotal issue. Calcination (≥700°C) can thermally convert calcium carbonate (CaCO3; the main component in waste shells) into active calcium oxide (CaO). This calcined shell powder has adsorption properties, antimicrobial properties, and biocompatibility, which can be used as a functional biofiller in food packaging. Calcined shell powder is also ecofriendly and nontoxic at the concentrations required for food processing and packaging, and has been approved as a food additive in Japan. Thus, this review comprehensively discusses the calcination process, compositions, adsorption and antimicrobial properties (and the underlying mechanisms), and applications of calcined shell powder in food processing and packaging.

Practical applications

The active ingredient of calcined shell powder is active calcium oxide (CaO), which has functional abilities such as adsorption and antimicrobial properties, and is also ecofriendly and nontoxic to humans at the concentrations required for food processing and packaging. Its application as functional filler for food preservation and packaging films, the benefits, and the related mechanisms behind was the finding of this study.
Privacy Regulation and Quality‐Enhancing Innovation*
Authors: Lefouili Yassine , Madio Leonardo , Toh Ying Lei
Published: November 2023

We analyze how a privacy regulation taking the form of a cap on information disclosure affects quality‐enhancing innovation incentives by a monopolist—who derives revenues solely from disclosing user data to third parties—and consumer surplus. If the share of privacy‐concerned users is sufficiently small, privacy regulation has a negative effect on innovation and may harm users. However, if the share of privacy‐concerned users is sufficiently large, privacy regulation has a positive effect on innovation. In this case, there is no trade‐off between privacy and innovation and users always benefit from privacy regulation.
Prevalence of respiratory pathogens colonizing on removable dental prostheses in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Tong Wah , Li Kar Yan , Burrow Michael Francis , McGrath Colman
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of opportunistic respiratory pathogens colonizing removable dental prostheses in older adults without respiratory diseases.

Methods

This review was registered with PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with the principles formed by the working group of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to evaluate systematic reviews of prevalence data. Literature searches were conducted across five electronic databases. Quality assessments were determined according to a revised JBI critical appraisal checklist across nine criteria. Comparison between fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed for sensitivity analysis. Prediction intervals were also presented when three or more studies were included in the meta‐analysis.

Results

Across the databases, 1091 articles were identified, and 591 articles remained after the removal of duplicates. Twenty “potentially effective” studies were identified. Ultimately eight studies informed this review and meta‐analyses were performed for 13 known respiratory pathogens. The meta‐analyses identified the top three common respiratory pathogens residing on the removable prostheses were, in descending order: Staphylococcus aureus: 31.81% (95% CI: 13.34%–48.24%); Staphylococcus epidermidis: 14.07% (95% CI: 7.88%–21.48%); Klebsiella pneumoniae: 10.50% (95% CI: 2.55%–22.30%). The heterogeneity scores for nine respiratory pathogen analyses were classified as “unimportant inconsistency”, I2 = 0% (p > 0.1). For sensitivity analysis, there was no difference between the random‐ and fixed‐effects models.

Conclusion

The existing evidence demonstrated a high burden of certain opportunistic respiratory pathogens, which may be considered a major potential cause of respiratory infections in older adults wearing removable prostheses.
Effect of coffee thermal cycling on the surface properties and stainability of additively manufactured denture base resins in different layer thicknesses
Authors: Çakmak Gülce , Asadolahi Nura Watson , Schimmel Martin , Molinero‐Mourelle Pedro , Akay Canan , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Yilmaz Burak
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To compare the effect of coffee thermal cycling on surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness (MH), and stainability of denture base resins additively manufactured in different layer thicknesses with those of subtractively manufactured denture base materials.

Materials and Methods

Eighty disk‐shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm) were fabricated from two subtractively (Merz M‐PM [SM‐M] and G‐CAM [SM‐G]) and three additively (NextDent 3D+ [50 µm, AM‐N‐50; 100 µm, AM‐N‐100], FREEPRINT Denture [50 µm, AM‐F‐50; 100 µm, AM‐F‐100], and Denturetec [50 µm, AM‐S‐50; 100 µm, AM‐S‐100]) manufactured denture base materials (n = 10). Ra measurements were performed before and after polishing by using a non‐contact optical profilometer, while MH values and color coordinates were measured after polishing. Specimens were then subjected to 5000 cycles of coffee thermal cycling, all measurements were repeated, and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. A linear mixed effect model was used to analyze Ra and MH data, while one‐way analysis of variance was used to analyze ΔE00 data (α = 0.05). Ra values were further evaluated according to a clinically acceptable threshold of 0.2 µm, while ΔE00 values were evaluated according to perceptibility (1.72 units) and acceptability (4.08 units) thresholds. The interaction between the material type and the time interval affected both Ra and MH (p ≤ 0.001). Tested materials had their highest Ra before polishing (p ≤ 0.029). Before polishing, AM‐F‐100 had the highest, and SM‐M and SM‐G had the lowest Ra (p < 0.001). After polishing and after coffee thermal cycling, SM‐G mostly had lower Ra than those of other materials (p ≤ 0.036). SM‐G mostly had higher MH than that of other materials before and after coffee thermal cycling (p ≤ 0.025). Coffee thermal cycling reduced the MH of SM‐M and increased that of AM‐S‐100 (p ≤ 0.024). AM‐N‐100 had higher ΔE00 than AM‐F, AM‐S‐100, and SM‐G (p ≤ 0.009), while AM‐F and SM‐G had lower ΔE00 than AM‐S‐50 and AM‐N‐50 (p ≤ 0.024).

Conclusions

Polishing reduced the surface roughness of all materials, whereas the effect of coffee thermal cycling was nonsignificant. Most of the tested materials had acceptable surface roughness after polishing and after coffee thermal cycling according to the reported threshold. Layer thickness only affected the microhardness of tested additively manufactured resins, which was material‐dependent. Subtractively manufactured specimens mostly had high microhardness and that of nonreinforced subtractively manufactured resin decreased after coffee thermal cycling. When reported color thresholds are considered, all materials had acceptable color stability.
Sleepiness and comorbid sleep disorders in functional motor disorders: a comparative study with central hypersomnia
Authors: Nepožitek Jiří , Dostálová Simona , Věchetová Gabriela , Sieger Tomáš , Forejtová Zuzana , Nováková Lucia , Galušková Karolína , Milata Martin , Varga Zsóka , Tanaka Hiroki , Růžička Evžen , Šonka Karel , Edwards Mark , Serranová Tereza
Published: November 2023

Sleep symptoms, including excessive sleepiness, are frequently reported by patients with functional motor disorders (FMD). We aimed to classify the comorbid sleep disorders in FMD, and to investigate the relationship between subjective sleepiness and objective measures of hypersomnia, comparing them with data from people with central hypersomnia. A total of 37 patients (mean [SD] age 46.4 [11.2] years) with clinically definite FMD, and 17 patients (mean [SD] age 41.1 [11.6] years) with central hypersomnia underwent structured medical and sleep history, neurological examination, polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), and questionnaires assessing sleepiness, fatigue, and depression. In all, 23 patients with FMD (62%) reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Evidence of specific sleep disorders was identified in our cohort, with 35% having restless legs syndrome; 49% obstructive sleep apnea; and 8% periodic limb movements in sleep; however, the presence of these disorders was not correlated with subjective sleepiness. Patients with FMD with self‐reported sleepiness reported higher fatigue (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.002), and had longer sleep latencies in the MSLT (p < 0.001) compared to the patients with central hypersomnia. No correlation was found between subjective and objective sleepiness in either group. Fatigue positively correlated with self‐reported sleepiness in patients with FMD (p < 0.001). This study did not find objective correlates of increased sleepiness in patients with FMD. While sleep abnormalities were found to be common in FMD, they were not correlated with self‐reports of excessive sleepiness. Positive correlations between self‐reported sleepiness and fatigue support the current unified model of non‐motor symptoms in FMD.
Perspectives of patients, families and nurses on pain after cardiac surgery: A qualitative study
Authors: Dağcan Şahin Necibe , Gürol Arslan Gülşah
Published: November 2023

Background

Post‐cardiac surgery pain affects patients, family caregivers and nurses. The pain experiences of patients, caregivers and nurses remain largely unknown. Therefore, it is important to examine the experiences of patients, caregivers and nurses in depth to ensure effective pain management.

Aim

The aim of this study is to examine post‐cardiac surgery pain from the perspectives of patients, caregivers and nurses.

Study Design

A descriptive qualitative research design was used. The study was carried out in the cardiovascular surgery ward of a tertiary hospital in Türkiye between June and December 2022. The data‐driven triangulation method was used in the research. The study sample consisted of eight patients who had undergone cardiac surgery in the tertiary hospital, eight family caregivers and nine nurses who provided care for these individuals. A ‘semi‐structured interview form’ was used to collect data through face‐to‐face and in‐depth interviews. The data were analysed using the thematic analysis method. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the study.

Results

As a result of the interviews, six themes were elicited from the data. These themes were ‘explaining pain’, ‘assessment of pain’, ‘responses to pain’, ‘effect of pain on activities of daily living’, ‘expectations in painful situations’ and ‘pain management’.

Conclusions

This study revealed the differences between pain perceptions and coping processes of patients who experienced pain after cardiac surgery, their caregivers and nurses.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Considering the experiences of patients, caregivers and nurses in pain management after cardiac surgery, applications that will ensure joint participation in care practices should be planned.
Warming alters the top–down effect of a common mesopredator in an aquatic food web
Authors: Rahman Tawfiqur , Lehtonen Silva , Saarinen Sanna , Candolin Ulrika
Published: November 2023

Global warming is altering the composition and functioning of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Most research has focussed on direct effects of warming on species and their population dynamics, while less is known about indirect effects through species interactions. Trophic cascades are especially likely to influence the effects of warming given that trophic levels differ in their response to warming because of differences in metabolism and vital rates such as growth and reproduction. We investigated if the top–down effect of a common mesopredator, the threespine stickleback, alters the impact of warming on a Baltic Sea food web. We manipulated both temperature and the presence of stickleback in mesocosms, and found the stickleback to alter the impact of warming on lower trophic levels. This was through increased consumption of herbivores that exceeded the rate at which the herbivore population could grow under higher temperature, which in turn increased algae biomass compared to a scenario without stickleback, but not compared to conditions under normal temperature. Thus, the mesopredator increased the transfer of biomass to higher trophic levels of the food web when temperature was increased. This stresses the importance of considering the impact of warming on multiple trophic levels and their interactions. Failing to consider differences in responses among trophic levels and the impact this has on their interactions can result in faulty conclusions about the impact of warming on ecosystems.
Adverse reactions in young children receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine
Authors: Matsumoto Naomi , Shimizu Junya , Yokoyama Yuji , Tsukahara Hirokazu , Yorifuji Takashi
Published: November 2023

Background

We sought to investigate the occurrence of adverse reactions in Japanese children aged 6 months to 4 years who received the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine, to examine parental considerations, and to evaluate potential risk factors associated with post‐vaccination fever.

Methods

This cross‐sectional survey study targeted 1617 children aged 6 months to 4 years who received their primary doses of BNT162b2 from November 10, 2022, to April 30, 2023, in Okayama Prefecture. We surveyed the occurrence of local and systemic reactions within 1 week after vaccination, and described the incidence proportions of adverse reactions for 515 participants overall and by age group. The study also examined the impact of previous COVID‐19 infection and co‐administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine on post‐vaccination fever. A survey also assessed parents' reasons for vaccinating their children and the sources of information they used.

Results

Adverse reactions were infrequent (5.2%, with fever ≥37.5°C; no cases exceeded 39°C) and did not increase with vaccine doses administered. The risk of post‐vaccination fever was not statistically associated with a history of COVID‐19—the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) was 0.99, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.41–2.39—but was associated with co‐administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine (aRR 3.24, 95% CI 1.14–9.18). Parental decisions regarding vaccination were influenced by official government guidelines and primary care physicians' opinion.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insight into the safety profile of the BNT162b2 vaccine in Japanese children aged 6 months to 4 years. Further research involving larger cohorts and appropriate control groups is needed.
Optimizing the administrated light dose during 5‐ALA‐mediated photodynamic therapy: Murine 4T1 breast cancer model
Authors: Amiri Hossein , Mokhtari‐Dizaji Manijhe , Mozdarani Hossein
Published: November 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already used to treat many cancers, including breast cancer, the most common cancer in women worldwide. The destruction basis of this method is on produced singlet oxygen which is extremely reactive and is a major agent of tumor cell killing. The measurement of singlet oxygen produced within PDT is essential in predicting treatment outcomes and their optimization. This study aims to determine the optimal total light dose administered during PDT by calculating the singlet oxygen to facilitate the prediction of the treatment outcome in mice bearing 4T1 cell breast cancer. Monitoring the changes in photosensitizer fluorescence signals during PDT due to photobleaching can be one of the methods of determination of singlet oxygen generation in the PDT process. This study determined the oxygen singlet as a photodynamic dose from the three‐dimensional Monte Carlo method and the photobleaching empirical dose constant. The photobleaching dose constant was established non‐invasively by monitoring the in vivo protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence and photobleaching during PDT. The photobleaching dose constant (β) in J/cm2was calculated using empirical fluorescence data. The in vivo photobleaching dose constant of aminolevulinic acid was found to be 11.6 J/cm2and based on this value, the optimal treatment light dose was estimated at 120 J/cm2in mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer. It is concluded that information can be obtained regarding optimal treatment parameters by monitoring the in vivo PpIX fluorescence and photobleaching during PDT.
Tomato salt‐responsive pseudo‐response regulator 1, SlSRP1, negatively regulates the high‐salt and dehydration stress responses
Authors: Bae Yeongil , Song Se Jin , Lim Chae Woo , Kim Chul Min , Lee Sung Chul
Published: November 2023

Under severe environmental stress conditions, plants inhibit their growth and development and initiate various defense mechanisms to survive. The pseudo‐response regulator (PRRs) genes have been known to be involved in fruit ripening and plant immunity in various plant species, but their role in responses to environmental stresses, especially high salinity and dehydration, remains unclear. Here, we focused on PRRs in tomato plants and identified two PRR2‐like genes, SlSRP1 and SlSRP1H, from the leaves of salt‐treated tomato plants. After exposure to dehydration and high‐salt stresses, expression of SISRP1, but not SlSRP1H, was significantly induced in tomato leaves. Subcellular localization analysis showed that SlSRP1 was predominantly located in the nucleus, while SlSRP1H was equally distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. To further investigate the potential role of SlSRP1 in the osmotic stress response, we generated SISRP1‐silenced tomato plants. Compared to control plants, SISRP1‐silenced tomato plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to high salinity, as evidenced by a high accumulation of proline and reduced chlorosis, ion leakage, and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, SISRP1‐silenced tomato plants showed dehydration‐tolerant phenotypes with enhanced abscisic acid sensitivity and increased expression of stress‐related genes, including SlRD29, SlAREB, and SlDREB2. Overall, our findings suggest that SlSRP1 negatively regulates the osmotic stress response.
Processes controlling rare earth element distribution in sedimentary apatite: Insights from spectroscopy, in situ geochemistry and O and Sr isotope composition
Authors: Decrée Sophie , Deloule Etienne , Barros Renata , Mercadier Julien , Höhn Stefan , Peiffert Chantal , Baele Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2023

In phosphorites, the content and distribution of rare earth elements are linked to the environment of phosphogenesis. This paper focuses on the question of sources and processes controlling the rare earth element content of apatite from Belgian phosphorites formed during three major phosphogenic events in the Lower Palaeozoic, Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. To constrain sources and processes, new data include petrological, mineralogical (including cathodoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy) and in situ trace element and Sr and O isotope analyses of apatite. Fluorapatite from Lower Palaeozoic P‐rich conglomerates has the greatest rare earth element enrichment. It is affected by metamorphism that led to deformation of apatite nodules and formation of garnet porphyroblast inclusions. The role of Fe‐oxyhydroxides in element scavenging is highlighted by some apatite nodules that maintain their primary middle rare earth element enrichment, while others are characterized by altered rare earth element patterns resulting from competition for these elements between co‐crystallizing minerals during deformation. A systematic shift towards lower δ18O and radiogenic Sr isotopic composition compared to contemporaneous seawater indicate interaction with 18O‐depleted meteoric fluids and a crustal component. By contrast, carbonate‐rich fluorapatite from the Late Cretaceous phosphatic chalk mostly keeps its primary trace element and isotopic signatures (close to seawater), although an external rare earth element addition is noted, as well as rare earth element redistribution induced by diagenetic alteration. Cenozoic carbonate fluorapatite nodules mostly present flat rare earth element patterns that are indicative of a detrital influence. Slight changes in rare earth element distribution are assigned to post‐depositional alteration, which also led to an increase in radiogenic Sr, with unchanged δ18O compared to seawater. The methodology followed here efficiently helps in deciphering the processes that modified the chemistry of apatite in the frame of major phosphogenic events.
WHS guidelines for the treatment of pressure ulcers—2023 update
Authors: Gould Lisa J. , Alderden Jenny , Aslam Rummana , Barbul Adrian , Bogie Kath M. , El Masry Mohamed , Graves Letitia Y. , White‐Chu E. Foy , Ahmed Amany , Boanca KerriAnn , Brash Jessica , Brooks Katie R. , Cockron Wendy , Kennerly Susan M. , Livingston Aaron K. , Page Jeni , Stephens Catherine , West Velena , Yap Tracey L.
Published: November 2023

The major populations at risk for developing pressure ulcers are older adults who have multiple risk factors that increase their vulnerability, people who are critically ill and those with spinal cord injury/disease. The reported prevalence of pressure ulcers in the United States is 2.5 million. However, this estimate is derived from acute care facilities and does not include people who are living at home or in nursing facilities. Despite the implementation of hospital and facility‐based preventive measures, the incidence of pressure ulcers has not decreased in decades. In addition to the burden of pain, infection and death, it is estimated that hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers cost the health system $26.8 billion annually with over 50% of the cost attributed to treating Stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries. Thus, it is critical to examine the literature and develop guidelines that will improve the outcomes of this complex and costly condition. This guideline update is a compendium of the best available evidence for the treatment of Pressure Ulcers published since the last update in 2015 and includes a new section based on changing demographics entitled ‘Palliative wound care for seriously ill patients with pressure ulcers’. The overall goal of the Wound Healing Society Guideline project is to present clear, concise and commercial free guidelines that clinicians can use to guide care, that researchers can use to develop studies that will improve treatment and that both clinicians and researchers can use to understand the gaps in our knowledge base.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos: comunicación en enseñanza mediada por TIC
Authors: Polo-Rojas Néstor David , Ligaretto-Feo Rennier , Quiróz-Cárdenas Nathaly
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo aborda el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) como enfoque pedagógico adaptado a la modalidad remota durante la pandemia por COVID-19 con estudiantes de pregrado en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia). El texto presenta una reflexión educativa del ABP a partir de las implicaciones comunicativas manifestadas por el estudiantado. El enfoque metodológico mixto descriptivo utilizó cuestionarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas para evaluar la estrategia implementada. En los resultados, destaca la valoración positiva de la metodología y la percepción frente al grado de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. La dimensión comunicativa se señala como principal barrera en un ambiente de estudio remoto.
Vehicle Crashworthiness Performance Prediction Through Fusion of Multiple Data Sources
Authors: Zeng Jice , Zhao Ying , Li Guosong , Gao Zhenyan , Li Yang , Barbat Saeed , Hu Zhen
Published: November 2023

This study aims to improve the prediction accuracy of the computer-aided engineering (CAE) model for crashworthiness performance evaluation at speeds beyond those defined by current regulations and public domain testing protocols. One way of achieving this is by integrating data from a few physical crash tests with the CAE data using machine learning models. In this study, two scenarios are investigated: (1) improving CAE model prediction accuracy using test data of a vehicle type that is the same as that of the CAE model; (2) improving CAE model prediction accuracy using test data from two different types of vehicles (e.g., two different sizes of SUVs). In the first scenario, a novel approach is proposed in the displacement domain (deceleration versus displacement) to enable data fusion to help recover the unmodeled physics in the CAE model. A nonlinear spring-mass model is used to simulate rigid-barrier vehicle frontal impact. A Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is then applied in conjunction with a Gaussian mixture model to capture the model bias of the nonlinear spring constant under a dynamic analysis scheme. In the second scenario, we propose a time-domain method (deceleration versus time) based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) and transfer learning. An initial TCN model is first trained by fusing CAE data with physical test data of the first vehicle type based on data augmentation. This data-augmented TCN model is then fine-tuned through transfer learning using CAE and test data of the second vehicle type. It leverages the domain-invariant representations of the two types of vehicles to enhance the CAE model prediction accuracy of the second vehicle type. Case studies are used to validate the proposed approaches and to demonstrate their efficacy in improving the prediction accuracy of the CAE models.
Unveiling interface structure and polarity of wurtzite ZnO film epitaxially grown on a-plane sapphire substrate
Authors: Lu Lu , Meng Weiwei , Wang Yingmin , Qiang Jianbing , Mi Shao-Bo
Published: November 2023

Atomic-scale structure properties of the epitaxial growth of the wurtzite ZnO film prepared on an a-plane sapphire (α-Al2O3) substrate have been investigated by using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The crystallographic orientation relationship of (0001)[1¯1¯20]ZnO//(112¯0)[0001]α-Al2O3 has been determined between the ZnO film and the α-Al2O3 substrate. Two types of oxygen-terminated a-plane α-Al2O3 substrate surfaces have been characterized, which leads to the formation of different heterointerface structures and ZnO domains with opposite lattice polarity. The coalescence of opposite polarity domains results in the appearance of inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) on prismatic planes, and kinks occur on basal planes during the propagation of IDBs within the film. Additionally, the structure of stacking mismatch boundaries in the film with threefold coordinated Zn and O atoms has been resolved. We believe that these findings can be helpful to advance the understanding of the complex propagation of planar defects (e.g., IDBs and stacking faults) in wurtzite films and the interface structure and polarity of wurtzite films on the a-plane sapphire substrate.
Surface climate signals transmitted rapidly to deep North Atlantic throughout last millennium
Authors: Lu Wanyi , Oppo Delia W. , Gebbie Geoffrey , Thornalley David J. R.
Published: November 2023

Instrumental observations of subsurface ocean warming imply that ocean heat uptake has slowed 20th-century surface warming. We present high-resolution records from subpolar North Atlantic sediments that are consistent with instrumental observations of surface and deep warming/freshening and in addition reconstruct the surface-deep relation of the last 1200 years. Sites from ~1300 meters and deeper suggest an ~0.5 degrees celsius cooling across the Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition that began ~1350 ± 50 common era (CE), whereas surface records suggest asynchronous cooling onset spanning ~600 years. These data suggest that ocean circulation integrates surface variability that is transmitted rapidly to depth by the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation, implying that the ocean moderated Earth’s surface temperature throughout the last millennium as it does today.
Cooperation across social borders in bonobos
Authors: Samuni Liran , Surbeck Martin
Published: November 2023

Cooperation beyond familial and group boundaries is core to the functioning of human societies, yet its evolution remains unclear. To address this, we examined grooming, coalition, and food-sharing patterns in bonobos (
Pan paniscus
), one of our closest living relatives whose rare out-group tolerance facilitates interaction opportunities between groups. We show that, as in humans, positive assortment supports bonobo cooperation across borders. Bonobo cooperative attitudes toward in-group members informed their cooperative relationships with out-groups, in particular, forming connections with out-group individuals who also exhibited high cooperation tendencies. Our findings show that cooperation between unrelated individuals across groups without immediate payoff is not exclusive to humans and suggest that such cooperation can emerge in the absence of social norms or strong cultural dispositions.
A strong quick-release biointerface in mussels mediated by serotonergic cilia-based adhesion
Authors: Sivasundarampillai Jenaes , Youssef Lucia , Priemel Tobias , Mikulin Sydney , Eren E. Deniz , Zaslansky Paul , Jehle Franziska , Harrington Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

The mussel byssus stem provides a strong and compact mechanically mismatched biointerface between living tissue and a nonliving biopolymer. Yet, in a poorly understood process, mussels can simply jettison their entire byssus, rebuilding a new one in just hours. We characterized the structure and composition of the byssus biointerface using histology, confocal Raman mapping, phase contrast–enhanced microcomputed tomography, and advanced electron microscopy, revealing a sophisticated junction consisting of abiotic biopolymer sheets interdigitated between living extracellular matrix. The sheet surfaces are in intimate adhesive contact with billions of motile epithelial cilia that control biointerface strength and stem release through their collective movement, which is regulated neurochemically. We posit that this may involve a complex sensory pathway by which sessile mussels respond to environmental stresses to release and relocate.
An all-metal fullerene: [K@Au
12
Sb
20
]
5−
Authors: Xu Yu-He , Tian Wen-Juan , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , Frenking Gernot , Sun Zhong-Ming
Published: November 2023

The C
60
fullerene molecule has attracted tremendous interest for its distinctive nearly spherical structure. By contrast, all-metal counterparts have been elusive: Fullerene-like clusters composed of noncarbon elements typically suffer from instability, resulting in more compact geometries that require multiple embedded atoms or external ligands for stabilization. In this work, we present the synthesis of an all-metal fullerene cluster, [K@Au
12
Sb
20
]
5−
, using a wet-chemistry method. The cluster's structure was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction, which revealed a fullerene framework consisting of 20 antimony atoms. Theoretical calculations further indicate that this distinct cluster exhibits aromatic behavior.
Mechanism of target site selection by type V-K CRISPR-associated transposases
Authors: George Jerrin Thomas , Acree Christopher , Park Jung-Un , Kong Muwen , Wiegand Tanner , Pignot Yanis Luca , Kellogg Elizabeth H. , Greene Eric C. , Sternberg Samuel H.
Published: November 2023

CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) repurpose nuclease-deficient CRISPR effectors to catalyze RNA-guided transposition of large genetic payloads. Type V-K CASTs offer potential technology advantages but lack accuracy, and the molecular basis for this drawback has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that type V-K CASTs maintain an RNA-independent, “untargeted” transposition pathway alongside RNA-dependent integration, driven by the local availability of TnsC filaments. Using cryo–electron microscopy, single-molecule experiments, and high-throughput sequencing, we found that a minimal, CRISPR-less transpososome preferentially directs untargeted integration at AT-rich sites, with additional local specificity imparted by TnsB. By exploiting this knowledge, we suppressed untargeted transposition and increased type V-K CAST specificity up to 98.1% in cells without compromising on-target integration efficiency. These findings will inform further engineering of CAST systems for accurate, kilobase-scale genome engineering applications.
When collectors came for the American West
Sins of the Shovel: Looting, Murder, and the Evolution of American Archaeology
Rachel Morgan
University of Chicago Press, 2023. 328 pp.
Authors: Martin Michelle M.
Published: November 2023

An amateur archaeologist’s exploits highlight the damage wrought to Indigenous sites at the turn of the 20th century
A dynamic biointerface controls mussel adhesion
Authors: Pan Guoqing , Li Bin
Published: November 2023

The mussel-adherent secreta interface reveals how nonliving material can be compatible with tissue
The responsibility turn
The Politics of Modelling: Numbers Between Science and Policy
Andrea Saltelli and Monica Di Fiore, Eds.
Oxford University Press, 2023. 272 pp.
Authors: Nabavi Ehsan , Razavi Saman
Published: November 2023

Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic inspire a guide to recognizing the politics of modeling
Science, justice, and evidence
Authors: Mnookin Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Courts in the United States have increasingly relied on scientific evidence and expert testimony to help resolve questions of fact. On 1 December 2023, amendments to Federal Rule of Evidence 702 will take effect, further clarifying the court’s responsibilities as a gatekeeper for expert evidence. This update comes just a few months after the 30-year anniversary of the Supreme Court’s landmark decision on how federal judges should evaluate scientific evidence.
Daubert v. Merrell Dow
was hailed as a victory for the use of scientific information in the legal system and certainly cast a much-needed spotlight on scientific evidence in the courtroom. But the nuanced and flexible nature of the “Daubert standard” has since led to substantial inconsistencies in its application. Most strikingly, it has had far more impact in civil cases than criminal cases.
Daubert
’s core tenet—that scientific evidence introduced in court should be adequately valid and reliable—needs to be taken just as seriously in the criminal justice system and for forensic science as it has been in civil cases.
Rewriting DNA in the body lowers cholesterol
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: November 2023

Verve Therapeutics says its base-editing approach may help prevent heart disease in many people
Clostridioides difficile
utilizes siderophores as an iron source and FhuDBGC contributes to ferrichrome uptake
Authors: Hastie Jessica L. , Carmichael Hannah L. , Werner Bailey M. , Dunbar Kristin E. , Carlson Paul E.
Published: November 2023

Clostridioides difficile
remains a public health threat commonly observed following antibiotic use. Due to the importance of iron in many cell processes, most bacteria, including
C. difficile
, have multiple mechanisms of acquiring iron. Previous studies have examined ferrous iron uptake in
C. difficile
; here we focus on the role of siderophores. In a growth assay, we show that
C. difficile
can use a variety of siderophores as the sole iron source. In
C. difficile,
two ABC transporters induced under low iron conditions are predicted siderophore importers: FhuDBGC and YclNOPQ. We hypothesized that these transporters are responsible for the uptake of the siderophores we tested. To investigate the specificity of these transporters, we purified the substrate binding proteins and examined siderophore binding using thermal shift. We demonstrate increased stability between one siderophore binding protein, FhuD, and the siderophore ferrichrome, suggesting a binding interaction. This specificity correlates with the inability of an
ΔfhuDBGC
mutant to grow efficiently under iron limiting conditions in the presence of ferrichrome. While
C. difficile
used additional siderophores in our growth experiments, we did not observe increased thermal stability between the receptor proteins and any of the other siderophores tested, suggesting these siderophores do not bind these receptors and other siderophore import mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Redundancy in iron acquisition is a microbial survival adaptation to cope with the constant battle for iron within a host. Greater knowledge about how
C. difficile
acquires iron will provide insight about how
C. difficile
colonizes and persists in the colon.

IMPORTANCE

This study is the first example of
C. difficile
growing with siderophores as the sole iron source and describes the characterization of the ferric hydroxamate uptake ABC transporter (FhuDBGC). This transporter shows specificity to the siderophore ferrichrome. While not required for pathogenesis, this transporter highlights the redundancy in iron acquisition mechanisms that
C. difficile
uses to compete for iron during an infection.