bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OMEN-SED(-RCM) (v1.1): a pseudo-reactive continuum representation of organic matter degradation dynamics for OMEN-SED
Authors: Pika Philip , Hülse Dominik , Arndt Sandra
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Organic Matter ENabled SEDiment model (OMEN-SED) is a one-dimensional, analytical reaction–transport model for early diagenesis in marine sediments. It explicitly resolves organic matter (OM) degradation and associated biogeochemical terminal electron acceptor, reduced species and nutrient dynamics in porous media under steady-state conditions. OMEN-SED has been specifically designed for coupling to global Earth system models and the analytical solution of the coupled set of mass conservation equations ensures the computational efficiency required for such a coupling. To find an analytical solution, OMEN-SED expresses all explicitly resolved biogeochemical processes as a function of OM degradation. The original version of OMEN-SED contains a relatively simple description of OM degradation based on two reactive OM classes, a so-called 2G model. However, such a simplified approach does not fully account for the widely observed continuous decrease in organic matter reactivity with burial depth/time. The reactive continuum model that accounts for the continuous distribution of organic compounds over the reactive spectrum represents an alternative and more realistic description but cannot be easily incorporated within the general OMEN-SED framework.
Here, we extend the diagenetic framework of OMEN-SED with a multi-G approximation of the reactive continuum model (RCM) of organic matter degradation by using a finite but large number of OM fractions, each characterized by a distinct reactivity. The RCM and its multi-G approximation are fully constrained by only two free parameters, a and ν, that control the initial distribution of OM compounds over the reactivity spectrum. The new model is not only able to reproduce observed pore water profiles, sediment–water interface fluxes and redox zonation across a wide range of depositional environments but also provides a more realistic description of anaerobic degradation pathways. The added functionality extends the applicability of OMEN-SED to a broader range of environments and timescales, while requiring fewer parameters to simulate a wider spectrum of OM reactivities.
NUScon: a community-driven platform for quantitative evaluation of nonuniform sampling in NMR
Authors: Pustovalova Yulia , Delaglio Frank , Craft D. Levi , Arthanari Haribabu , Bax Ad , Billeter Martin , Bostock Mark J. , Dashti Hesam , Hansen D. Flemming , Hyberts Sven G. , Johnson Bruce A. , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Lu Hengfa , Maciejewski Mark , Miljenović Tomas M. , Mobli Mehdi , Nietlispach Daniel , Orekhov Vladislav , Powers Robert , Qu Xiaobo , Robson Scott Anthony , Rovnyak David , Wagner Gerhard , Ying Jinfa , Zambrello Matthew , Hoch Jeffrey C. , Donoho David L. , Schuyler Adam D.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Although the concepts of nonuniform sampling (NUS​​​​​​​) and non-Fourier spectral reconstruction in multidimensional NMR began to emerge 4 decades ago (Bodenhausen and Ernst, 1981; Barna and Laue, 1987), it is only relatively recently that NUS has become more commonplace. Advantages of NUS include the ability to tailor experiments to reduce data collection time and to improve spectral quality, whether through detection of closely spaced peaks (i.e., “resolution”) or peaks of weak intensity (i.e., “sensitivity”). Wider adoption of these methods is the result of improvements in computational performance, a growing abundance and flexibility of software, support from NMR spectrometer vendors, and the increased data sampling demands imposed by higher magnetic fields. However, the identification of best practices still remains a significant and unmet challenge. Unlike the discrete Fourier transform, non-Fourier methods used to reconstruct spectra from NUS data are nonlinear, depend on the complexity and nature of the signals, and lack quantitative or formal theory describing their performance. Seemingly subtle algorithmic differences may lead to significant variabilities in spectral qualities and artifacts. A community-based critical assessment of NUS challenge problems has been initiated, called the “Nonuniform Sampling Contest” (NUScon), with the objective of determining best practices for processing and analyzing NUS experiments. We address this objective by constructing challenges from NMR experiments that we inject with synthetic signals, and we process these challenges using workflows submitted by the community. In the initial rounds of NUScon our aim is to establish objective criteria for evaluating the quality of spectral reconstructions. We present here a software package for performing the quantitative analyses, and we present the results from the first two rounds of NUScon. We discuss the challenges that remain and present a roadmap for continued community-driven development with the ultimate aim of providing best practices in this rapidly evolving field. The NUScon software package and all data from evaluating the challenge problems are hosted on the NMRbox platform.
INFORMATION SOCIETY: INFLUENCE ON THE OPERATIONAL AND SERVICE ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THE PROSPECTS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gribkov Sergey Sergeevich
Published: November 2021

The article examines the impact of information technologies on the social and economic spheres, as well as the operational and service activities of the internal affairs bodies, in particular. The problems of detection, investigation and registration of crimes associated with the use of information and telecommunication technologies are touched upon. Prospective solutions to these issues are proposed.
Large-bore Aspiration Thrombectomy for Acute Venous Thromboembolism
Authors:   New York Presbyterian Hospital - Brooklyn Methodist, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Sohn Andy , Hu James ,   New York Presbyterian Hospital - Brooklyn Methodist, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Colnick Jennifer ,   Inari Medical, Irvine, CA, USA, George Justin ,   Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA, Ilonzo Nicole ,   Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Malik Rajesh ,   Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Published: November 2021

Pulmonary embolism can occur following dislodgement of deep venous thrombosis into the pulmonary artery circulation, which results in obstruction of the pulmonary artery system and can be fatal. The consequences of pulmonary embolism include hypotension, right heart strain, and hypoxia. In the long term, pulmonary embolism may lead to Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH). Patients who develop hypotensive massive and submassive pulmonary embolism can be treated with large-bore aspiration thrombectomy. In the acute setting, this improves short-term outcomes by decreasing the ICU stay. It can also reduce the risk of CTEPH. Options for large-bore aspiration thrombectomy include the FlowTriever™ system (Inari Medical, Irvine, CA) and the Lightning 12 vascular thrombectomy system (Penumbra Inc., Alameda, CA). This review discusses the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism, management, and options for large-bore aspiration thrombectomy.
Outcomes of Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery Done on Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients—Analysis From a Tertiary Care Center
Authors:   Department of Surgery Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, New York, Gogna Shekhar , Smiley Abbas ,   Westchester Medical Center and  New York Medical College Valhalla, New York, French Katherine ,   New York Medical College Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, New York, Srikumar Syian ,   New York Medical College Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, New York, Spielvogel David ,   New York Medical College School of Medicine Westchester Medical Center Health Valhalla, New York, Lansman Steven ,   Cardiothoracic Surgery  Professor of Surgery New York Medical College School of Medicine Westchester Medical Center Health Valhalla, New York, Latifi Rifat ,   New York Medical College School of Medicine Director, Department of Surgery,  Chief  Section of General Surgery Westchester Medical Center Health Valhalla, New York
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Abdominal complications following cardiac surgery have high mortality rates. This study analyzes the outcomes of patients who have undergone emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures after cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) at the same hospitalization. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent emergent abdominal surgery after CTS surgery between 2010–2018. The CTS procedures included coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valve replacement, cardiac transplant, aortic replacement, ventricular assist device, and pericardial procedures. The records were reviewed to obtain demographics, frequency distribution of EGS procedures, complications, outcomes, and the risk factors of mortality. Results: Of 4826 patients who had CTS, 57 (1.2%) underwent EGS procedures during the period of 2010–2018. This cohort of patients had 113 CTS and 85 EGS procedures during the same hospitalization. The mean age was 62 years, and 49% were elderly (40% were females). CABG with or without valve replacement was the most common surgery (28%). After surgical consultation for “acute abdomen” in the post-CTS phase, the three most common findings on exploratory laparotomy were bowel perforation (23%), massive free fluid leading to abdominal compartment syndrome (19%), and acute cholecystitis (16%). Respiratory failure (46%), acute kidney injury (32%), and multiple organ dysfunction (18%) were the most common hospital-acquired complications. Regarding dispositions, 47% were discharged to an acute rehabilitation center, 10% were discharged to a sub-acute rehabilitation center, and a similar proportion of patients went home (10%). On multivariable logistic regression analysis with backward elimination, age (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.18) and serum proteins (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.998) were independently associated with the odds of mortality after EGS in the immediate CTS phase. Conclusions: Respiratory failure is the most common complication of EGS immediately after CTS. The older the patient and the lower the serum proteins, the higher the odds of mortality in patients who undergo EGS after ETS.
Silver Coatings in Reconstructive Orthopaedics: Basic Science and Clinical Rationale
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Clinger Bryce , Link Helmut ,   Waldemar Link GmbH, Germany, Richter Dustin ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Kendoff Daniel ,   Helios EndoKlinik, Hamburg, Germany, Citak Mustafa ,   Helios EndoKlinik, Hamburg, Germany, Sandiford Nemandra ,   Joint Reconstruction Unit, Southland Teaching Hospital, Invercargill, New Zealand
Published: November 2021

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications that can occur following total hip and total knee arthroplasty. Despite the remarkable advances that have been made in surgical techniques and implant technology, the incidence of PJI has remained largely unchanged over the past two decades. One approach that has been described in the literature to minimize the risk of PJI has been the use of silver-coated prostheses. Silver has been reported to have antimicrobial properties when added to a variety of orthopaedic materials including bone cement, hydroxyapatite coatings and wound dressings. Silver is also being increasingly used as a surface coating for endoprostheses used for reconstruction around the hip and the knee with the specific aim of reducing the incidence of prosthetic joint infection. Despite the increasing adoption of this technology, the use of silver coatings remains controversial. The optimal method for preparation and the thickness of the coating, as well as the mechanism(s) of action in reducing the incidence of PJI, are unclear. The issue of silver toxicity is also an important consideration. This paper provides an overview of the use of silver coatings in reconstructive orthopaedics, as well as the types available and techniques used to coat endoprostheses. We also review the basic science as well as the clinical applications of silver coatings in the prevention of PJIs.
Healthcare Simulation Use to Support Guidelines Implementation: An Integrative Review
Authors:   School of Nursing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada, Silva Amina , Bellaguarda Maria ,   School of Nursing, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, Woo Kevin ,   School of Nursing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada, Galica Jacqueline ,   School of Nursing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada, Wilson Rosemary ,   School of Nursing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada, Silva e Silva Vanessa ,   Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canad, Luctkar-Flude Marian ,   School of Nursing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Simulation-based education is a useful teaching and learning strategy that can help to implement guidelines into healthcare settings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to collate, synthesize, and analyze the literature focusing on the use of simulation as an educational strategy to support guidelines implementation among healthcare providers (HCPs). Materials and Methods: Integrative literature review using the methodology proposed by Ganong. Results/Discussion: Twenty-three articles were selected, the majority (n=19, 82%) used simulation in practice settings and pre- and post-test measurement (n=16, 69%). All studies that assessed simulation effects highlighted that the use of simulation improved the measured outcomes related to guideline implementation. Simulation-based education can be an effective strategy to support guidelines implementation among HCPs, but aspects such as cost involved, time constraints, training of educators, and the HCPs’ learning needs can affect its applicability. Future research should focus on more transparent reports related to the guidelines for simulation content, virtual learning, costs of simulation, and measurement of the long-term effects of simulation-based education.
Female entrepreneurship and social capital: Exploring the relationship between social connection and women-owned social media-based businesses in Bangladesh
Authors: Choudhury Naziat
Published: November 2021

Businesswomen in Bangladesh are using social media to do business from their homes, in support of their financial development. Social capital theory is applied to investigate the role that family and other close and external networks play in conducting business through social media. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 businesswomen to understand why they chose social media for their business, and to identify the type of support they got from their social connections and the hurdles they encountered. Content analysis examined their Facebook and Instagram pages for two weeks to understand the support that their external networks provided. This study finds that family and other close networks encouraged women entrepreneurs with loans, free labour, and product promotions that contributed in building and sustaining the businesses, while external networks helped with more formal or institutional support. Meanwhile, customers provided intangible support that encouraged the businesswomen to start, survive, and succeed.
Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Sintered MgFe1.98Nd0.02O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: U Rafiq U Rafiq , M Hanif M Hanif , M Anis ur Rehman and A Ul Haq M Anis ur Rehman and A Ul Haq
Published: November 2021

Spinal MgFe1.98Nd0.02O4 was prepared by simplified sol-gel method. To measure the dielectric properties samples were sintered from 700-800 oC in the steps of 50 oC. The sample’s phase purity, crystallographic phase and crystallite size was measured by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The pellets were analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscope for their surface morphology and grain shape. Dielectric properties were measured from 20 Hz to 3 MHz at room temperature. Samples sintered at 750 oC, showed highest value of AC conductivity which indicated that the material is suitable for use in sensors. However, minimum value of dielectric loss factor was obtained at 800 and#176;C which makes it more suitable for antenna applications.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Hydroxytyrosol Ester Derivatives
Authors: Hao Zang Hao Zang , Qian Xu Qian Xu , Luyun Zhang Luyun Zhang , Guangqing Xia Guangqing Xia , Jiaming Sun and Junyi Zhu Jiaming Sun and Junyi Zhu
Published: November 2021

A series of hydroxytyrosol (HT) derivatives were synthesized by modification of alcohol hydroxyl group of HT, twenty-five target compounds were obtained and characterized by NMR and HRMS. The antioxidant activities of those compounds were evaluated in three different assays. Except 3e and 3y, all other compounds demonstrated significant 2,2and#39;-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical cation scavenging activity ranging from IC50 3.4 to 24.4 μM, which were more potent than L-ascorbic acid (IC50=24.8 μM). Compounds 3b-3d, 3f-3k, 3m-3x were better than Trolox (18.3 M). Moreover, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of all compounds were discovered to be more potent than L-ascorbic acid (40.7 mmol/g), except 3e, all other compounds (141.5-202.1 mmol/g) were better than Trolox (94.7 mmol/g). Compounds 3a-3d, 3f-3j, 3l-3m, 3o, 3q, 3t, 3v-3y exhibited more potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50=245.1-475.1 M) than L-ascorbic acid (554.4 M) and Trolox (500.4 M). Compounds 3q, 3t and 3y exhibited more potent -Glucosidase inhibition activity (39.1-52.4 M) than Acarbose (60.9 M). Compounds 3a, 3d, 3f-3m, 3s-3t, 3v-3y showed some acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities, compounds 3a, 3d, 3f-3j, 3l-3m, 3o-3p, 3s-3t, 3w showed some butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities.
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Three Carboxylic Arylhydrazone Compounds
Authors: Fengying Chen Fengying Chen , Wangting Wu Wangting Wu , Zhenguo Jin Zhenguo Jin , Shuiyang He Shuiyang He , Chengfang Qiao and Fei Yuan Chengfang Qiao and Fei Yuan
Published: November 2021

Three novel carboxylic arylhydrazone compounds named 2- oxo propionic acid terephthalal acyl dihydrazone (1), 2-ketoglutaric acid terephthalal acyl dihydrazone (2) and 2-ketoglutaric acid salicyl- hydrazone (3) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR. The antibacterial activities of 1 and 2 against wheat rust and coliform were investigated. The results showed that 1 had more excellent antibacterial properties than 2 against both wheat rust and coliform. In addition, the title compounds interaction with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were measured by fluorescence spectra method which indicating that they combined with CT-DNA by groove binding through hydrogen bonds.
Optimization of Cr Seed Layer Effect for Surface Roughness of As-Deposited Silver Film using Electron Beam Deposition Method
Authors: Naseem Abbas Naseem Abbas , Muzamil Hussain Muzamil Hussain , Nida Zahra Nida Zahra , Hassaan Ahmad Hassaan Ahmad , Syed Muhammad Zain Mehdi Syed Muhammad Zain Mehdi , Uzair Sajjad and Mohammed Amer Uzair Sajjad and Mohammed Amer
Published: November 2021

The surface roughness is an important parameter in determining the physical properties and quality of thin films deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The presence of an intermediate layer between metallic nanoparticles and substrate significantly promotes the adhesion and reduces the surface roughness. In this article, we have investigated the effect of Chromium (Cr) seed layer to optimize the surface roughness on the growth of as-deposited silver (Ag) film using borosilicate glass and silicon wafer substrates. For this purpose, Ag thin films were deposited with a Cr seed layer of different thickness on borosilicate glass and silicon wafer substrates using an electron beam (E-Beam) deposition method. The Cr thin film of different thickness ranging from 1 nm to 6 nm was thermally evaporated and pure Ag with the same thickness was evaporated at the same rate on previously coated substrates. The deposition of the nanostructured thin film was confirmed by UV-Vis and XRD characterizations. The difference in transmittance for uncoated and coated substrates ensured the deposition. The presence of pure Ag crystalline phase was confirmed by XRD pattern. Surface roughness was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and the conductance was measured using 4-probe conductivity method. The density of nanoparticles and smoothness were visualized from two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) surface height histograms of representative AFM images. The quantitative roughness was measured in terms of root mean square (RMS) roughness and mean roughness. The high dense and smoother thin films were found for ~2-4 nm Cr layer thickness in case of the glass substrate. The slight increase in roughness was observed for ~1-6 nm Cr layer thickness in case of the silicon substrate. The dependence of the conductivity of thin films on surface roughness is investigated to verify the effect of surface roughness on different applications of Ag thin film. The conductance results have been analyzed as; for a glass substrate, conductivity was maximum for thin films containing ~2 nm Cr seed layer thickness, while for silicon substrate the maximum conductivity was found for the thin film containing ~1 nm Cr seed layer.
DNA Cleavage and Trypanosomes Death by a Combination of Alamar Blue and Au(III)
Authors: Ahsan Habib Ahsan Habib , Tatsuru Hara Tatsuru Hara , Aklima Nargis Aklima Nargis , Elvis Nyarko and Masaaki Tabata Elvis Nyarko and Masaaki Tabata
Published: November 2021

Alamar Blue test indicates toxicity of Au(III), but Au(III) ion itself is not toxic in vitro and does not cleave DNA. However, combination of Alamar Blue and Au(III) cleaved DNA through formation of O2-• and H2O2 and showed high toxicity on Trypanosoma brucei brucei that causes African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosomiasis) in vitro and in vivo tests. The DNA cleavage study was performed by gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. In vitro study was carried out with tissue cultured adapted T. b. brucei 427 strain blood-stream form parasites which were grown in HMI-9 medium with and without Au(III) ion and incubated at 37 and#176;C in 5% CO2. Toxicity of the mixture of Alamar Blue and Au(III) ion was also tested in vivo with mice which were infected intraperitoneally with 4.0 x 104 trypanosomes. Mechanism of DNA cleavage and of toxicity in vitro test is discussed for the mixture of Alamar Blue and Au(III) ion.

Alamar Blue has long been used for cell proliferation. Recently it has been found that Alamar Blue induces cleavage of DNA in the presence of Au(III) through the formation of O2-• and H2O2. On the other hand, Alamar Blue alone or Au(III) ion is incapable of DNA cleavage. It has also been observed that in the presence of certain metal ions such as Pd(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II), Alamar Blue is incapable of DNA cleavage. The cleavage study was carried by gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. It was observed that Form I and Form II of the pBluescript plasmid DNA were converted into Form III and DNA fragment by gel electrophoresis. The intensity of Form II was gradually decreased with increasing concentration of Au(III) with the completed disappearance at its higher concentration. The inhibitory effect by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase confirmed the formation of O2-• and H2O2 respectively in the presence of Alamar Blue and Au(III) ion. The drastic change in CD spectra from positive ellipticity to negative ellipticity at 270 nm is also suggested the cleavage of DNA with increasing concentration of Au(III) in the presence of Alamar Blue. The toxic effect of the mixture of Alamar Blue and Au(III) on Trypanosoma brucei brucei [that causes African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosomiasis)] was investigated and found the IC50 value for aqueous Au(III) was 3.8 x 10-7 M while that for Pd(II) was 1.3 and#215; 10-5 M. However, Alamar Blue alone or Au(III) ion did not show any significant toxic effect on the parasite. The toxic effect of the mixture of Alamar Blue and Au(III) ion was also tested in vivo with mice which were infected intraperitoneally with 4.0 x 104 trypanosomes. Mechanism of DNA cleavage and of toxicity in vitro test is discussed for the mixture of Alamar Blue and Au(III) ion.
Beneficiation Study on Low-Grade Graphite Ore of Shounter Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Arif Bhatti Muhammad Arif Bhatti , Kamran Raza Kazmi Kamran Raza Kazmi , Samreen Zahra Samreen Zahra , Ansar Mehmood and Rashid Mehmood Ansar Mehmood and Rashid Mehmood
Published: November 2021

A low-grade graphite ore originating from Kael area, Shounter Valley, Azad Kashmir, assaying 8.90% graphite content was upgraded by froth flotation technique to produce a commercial grade graphite concentrate. Mineral phases present in the ore were identified by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The variables of flotation process such as particle size of the feed, pH of the pulp, % solids of the pulp, speed of impeller, type and quantity of collecting and frothing agents, conditioning time and froth collecting time were optimized to get maximum grade and recovery of graphite mineral. The pH of the pulp was adjusted with sodium carbonate. Kerosene oil was used as collector while pine oil as frother respectively. Sodium silicate was employed as depressant. The grade of the final graphite concentrate produced was 85.80% C with overall recovery of 86.00%. Its surface morphology was studied using SEM-EDX technique while grain size by laser particle size analyzer.
Solvent Extraction of Cobalt (II) with 2, 6-dithiolphenol and its Derivatives in the Presence of Hydrophobic Amines
Authors: Kerim A Kuliyev Kerim A Kuliyev , Nailya A Verdizadeh Nailya A Verdizadeh , Geysar S Suleymanova and Naiba N Efendiyeva Geysar S Suleymanova and Naiba N Efendiyeva
Published: November 2021

Mixed-ligand complexes of Cobalt(II) with dithiolphenol (DP) {2, 6-dithiolphenol (DTP) and its derivatives (2, 6-dithiol-4-methylphenol (DTMP), 2, 6-dithiol-4-propylphenol (DTPP), 2, 6-dithiol-4-tert-buthylphenol (DTBP)} in the presence of aminophenols (AP) have been studied by spectrophotometry. Extraction of mixed ligand complexes is maximal at pH 4.1-6.5. The optimal conditions for the formation and extraction of mixed-ligand compounds have been found and the ratios of components I the complexes have been determined. The Beer’s law was applicable in the range of 0.2-20 μg/ml. The effect of foreign ions and reagents on the extraction was studied. The method is free from common interferences. A procedure has been developed for extraction – spectroand#172;photometric determination cobalt in different objects (in steel, sewage water, bottom sediments, food and soil samples).
Characterization of Sol-gel Prepared Silica Supported NiO-CuO Composites
Authors: Samreen Zahra Samreen Zahra , Dr Narjis Naz Dr Narjis Naz , Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman , Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar
Published: November 2021

Silica (SiO2) supported nickel oxide-copper oxide (NiO-CuO) composites were synthesized through alkoxide route of sol-gel process using tetraethyl ortthosilicate (TEOS), nickel nitrate hexahydrate and copper nitrate trihydrate as precursors. A series of different compositions were prepared varying NiO:CuO molar ratios keeping all other process parameters constant. The gels thus obtained were calcined at a moderate temperature i.e. 500and#186;C for one hour. The crystal structure and thermal stability of metal oxide particles embedded in silica matrix were studied using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC-TGA) respectively. The purity of the composites was checked by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) whereas the composite formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that crystals of NiO and CuO nanoparticles aggregated to form spheres of variable sizes were successfully embedded in the amorphous silica matrix composed of silica particles agglomerated to form clusters.
Antioxidant and Phenolic Characterization with HPLC of Various Extract of Verbascum glomeratum Linneus
Authors: i dem Aydin i dem Aydin , Akgul Rakhimzhanova Akgul Rakhimzhanova , zge Kilin arslan and Ramazan Mammadov zge Kilin arslan and Ramazan Mammadov
Published: November 2021

Verbascum L. species have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine thanks to their bioactive compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of ethanolic and acetonic extract of Verbascum glomeratum that collected from Denizli, Turkey. The antioxidant activity were evaluated by using various methods (β-carotene/linoleic acid, ferric reducing power assays (FRAP), radical scavenging assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2and#39;-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), phoshomolibdenum methods) and total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents in the extracts were determined. Antioxidant activity was determined as β-carotene/linoleic acid (%58.5and#177;0.021), DPPH (IC50: 1.220and#177;0.025) and ABTS (IC50:1.552and#177;0.021), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (4.151and#177;0.056 mgTE/g), phoshomolibdenum assay (8.218and#177;0.015 mgAE/g) total phenolic, total flavonoid and tannin contents was found as (4.41and#177;0.007 mgGAE/mL), (87.142and#177;0.009 and#181;QE/g), and (30.178and#177;0.008 mgCEs/g) respectively, and then 14 different phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts was carried out by HPLC. Epicatechin (2742.09 and#181;g/g) and 2,5dihidroksi (2544.96 and#181;g/g) were the most abundant phenolic constituents in the extracts. According the results, the extract of V. glomeratum may be considered as a potential source of biological agents.
X-Ray Diffraction – The Magic Wand
Authors: Iqra Zubair Awan Iqra Zubair Awan
Published: November 2021

This review paper covers one of the most important discoveries of the last century, viz. X-ray diffraction. It has made enormous contribution to chemistry, physics, engineering, materials science, crystallography and above all medical sciences. The review covers the history of X-rays detection and production, its uses/ applications. The scientific and medical community will forever be indebted to Rand#246;ntgen for this invaluable discovery and to those who perfected its application.
Synthesis of Cytochrome-like Copper/Sulfur/Graphite Hybrid as a Cathode Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction with High Selective Four-electron Pathway in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Zhaleh Ashtari Zhaleh Ashtari , Behnam Seyyedi Behnam Seyyedi , Baharak Sehatnia Baharak Sehatnia
Published: November 2021

The cytochrome-like Copper/Sulfur/Graphite electrocatalyst (Cu-S-G) was successfully produced via a facile low temperature process with an impressive performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The incorporation of trace amounts of copper atoms (andlt; 4%) in the form of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) noticeably enhanced activity of Sulfur/Graphite (S-G) composite for ORR. The catalytic performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) methods on a rotating-disk electrode (RDE) in alkaline medium (ΔE = 0.00 to 1.20V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode: RHE). The novel copper-based catalyst was shown superior efficiency compared to platinum base electrocatalyst (Pt0.2/C0.8). The number of electrons consumed (n) per O2 in Cu-S-G was found to vary between 3.87 and 3.90 at a wide range of low overpotentials, which indicates an efficient four-electron pathway from O2 to H2O. Also, the estimated Tafel slopes demonstrate insignificant amount of copper oxide in the surface of electrocatalyst. The Cu-S-G exhibits superior electroactivity durability (ΔE1/2 = -21 mV after 10,000 cycles). We believe that the rather high ORR activity (n ≈ 4 and EOnset=1.06 V vs. RHE) is governed by a unique bio-inspired structure and novel active sites formed upon the anchoring of copper atoms onto the S-G structure.
Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Studies of Core@Shell Nanostructure NiFe2O4@TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors: Mutawara Mahmood Baig Mutawara Mahmood Baig , Erum Pervaiz Erum Pervaiz , Muhammad Junaid Afzal Muhammad Junaid Afzal
Published: November 2021

Current research focuses on synthesis and characterization of magnetically separable core@shell (NiFe2O4@TiO2) nanostructured photocatalyst with different weight percent (10, 20, 30, and 40) TiO2 using simple wet chemical techniques. Magnetic core with TiO2 shell was synthesized by the hydrolysis of TTIP precursor with NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel auto combustion method. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized for structural, morphological and magnetic behavior using XRD, TEM, SEM and VSM while the surface area was calculated using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer. Pure nickel ferrite was indexed as spinel FCC crystal structure while anatase titania was confirmed from the characteristic peaks in the indexed XRD patterns. SEM images show the uniform particle size and spherical morphology with average size of 18.85 nmand#177;2nm. The Surface area of prepared core@shell nanostructures was found as 258 m2/g for 10 wt. % TiO2 photocatalyst. A decrease in surface area has been observed with the increase in TiO2 percentage. The photo-catalytic degradation of MO was studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy under NiFe2O4-TiO2 catalyst. UV-spectra revealed degradation of methyl orange by the decrease in the characteristic peak at 460 nm. Kinetics of degradation reaction were studied by the integral method of analysis using UV absorbance data at 460 nm. The photo-catalytic activity of as synthesized catalyst was enhanced many folds as compared to the pure nickel ferrite. M-H curves obtained from VSM revealed a decrease in the magnetization of nickel ferrite with a coating of non-magnetic TiO2.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Hydroxyl-Aluminum Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Houria Rezala Houria Rezala , Houda Douba Houda Douba , Horiya Boukhatem and Amaya Romero Horiya Boukhatem and Amaya Romero
Published: November 2021

A purified raw montmorillonite and hydroxy-aluminum pillared montmorillonite have been prepared from a natural bentonite from Maghnia, Algeria. These materials have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. The pillared montmorillonite provided a certain increase of interlayer basal spacing and BET surface area and consequently the improvement of its capacities adsorption and decolorization of Methylene Blue. The adsorption properties of these materials were studied as a function of contact time, solution pH, initial Methylene Blue concentration and temperature. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were well fitted by pseudo-second order and Freundlich models, respectively. In addition to that, thermodynamic studies showed an exothermic and a spontaneous process.
Transformation of Bromhexine, a Mucolytic Drug into Potential Pharmacologically Important Urea Derivatives
Authors: Muhammad Sharif Muhammad Sharif
Published: November 2021

A general synthesis for 1,3-diphenylurea and 1,3-diphenylthiourea derivatives of mucolytic agent bromhexine is described by reactions of different commercially available phenyl isocyanates and phenyl-isothiocyanates at room temperature without any additional catalyst and additive. Using commercially available electron donating and electron withdrawing phenyl isocyanates in the transformation of bromhexine into urea derivatives proceeded from moderate to high product yield (42-90%). Bromhexine resulting compounds add a general interest in the fields of Pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and materials.
Paper-Based Analytical Device for Rapid Naked-Eye Detection of Sulfide in Water Samples
Authors: Lingzhi Zhao Lingzhi Zhao
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the development of a low-cost paper-based colorimetric analytical device for the accurate and rapid determination of sulfide. Under optimized conditions, Na2S was dropped in the uptake zone I and the probe in the uptake zone II, they converged to the detection zone via capillary force and formed an intense pink resorufin. Sulfide can be quantified based on the average color intensity values of the product “free resorufin”. The color intensity is recorded using a camera phone, and quantification was made using Adobe Photoshop. The as-developed analytical device detected sulfide in the range of 5–400 μM (R2 = 0.982) with the limit of detection (LOD) 1 μM, and was successfully applied in sulfide assay in spiked water samples including tap water and simulated waste water. Colorimetric results from the proposed paper-based colorimetric analytical device were consistent with that from methylene blue (MB) method.
Hydrophobic Pesticide Endosulfan (α + β) and Endrin Sorption on Different Types of Microplastics
Authors: Meral Yurtsever Meral Yurtsever , Nurtac Oz Nurtac Oz , Abdullah Aksu Abdullah Aksu , Nuray Balkis Nuray Balkis , Gulsen Altug and mer Suat Ta k n Gulsen Altug and mer Suat Ta k n
Published: November 2021

Ease of plastics production has caused high usage in many areas from water bottles, furniture and packaging to cosmetics during the last decade. Plastic products cause environmental pollution due to the high demand in the industry. It is known that pesticides are used to prevent various pests in order to increase production efficiency. With the use of such substances, there is considerable growth in the amount of product. However, pesticides remain on the water, soil, fruits, and vegetables for a long time, causing environmental pollution and thus leading to various damages that can reach people through the food chain. Since some of the mostly found pesticides in the environment are endosulfan and endrin, the sorbing capacities of endosulfan and endrin on microplastics have been investigated. The kinetic parameters at 23 and#176;C in ultrapure water, hexane and saline water have been tested to show the effect of solvents on sorption behaviors.
Integrating Trust into Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Conceptual Framework for E-Payment Platform Acceptance
Authors: B.U. Dickson , B.O. Oby , N.N. Samuel , S.O. Udoka
Published: November 2021

Innovations acceptance is attracting increasing attention. Researchers are particularly interested in factors that affect the adoption of IS and IT innovations. However, despite numerous advantages of e-payment usage such as convenience, speed, efficiency and reduced cost, the economic ecosystem is skeptical to embrace e-payment systems (Adeyelure, Pretorius & Kalema, 2014). This research develops extended TAM model by integrating the three dimensions of trust (integrity, benevolence a0nd competence) and two key constructs from technology acceptance models (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of e-payment) to explain online consumers’ intentions to engage in the business relationship with e-payment. Through this framework, researchers can have a more accurate explanation of the consumer behavior and intention to accept new technology. This framework will be used to examine consumer’s behavioral intention to accept e-payment by researchers.
Menelisik Perbedaan Mekanisme Sistem Peer to Peer Lending pada Fintech Konvensional dan Fintech Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Septi Tri , Nasik Khoirun
Published: November 2021

Era digital membawa dampak yang besar terhadap berbagai sektor teknologi dan informasi, termasuk sektor industry, ekonomi dan keuangan. Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam inovasi lembaga keuangan non bank menyebabkan munculnya Financial Technology atau biasa dikenal Fintech, yang kini semakin beragam jenisnya seperti sistem layanan peer to peer financing yang sedang trend di Indonesia. Fokus masalah yang diuraikan dalam bahasan ini adalah bagaimana mekanisme sistem layanan peer to peer financing pada fintech di Indonesia dan bagaimana perbedaan mekanisme sistem peer to peer financing pada fintech konvensional dan fintech Syariah. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif dengan sifat pendekatan literature review, yakni mendeskripsikan suatu teori atau temuan yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber yang dijadikan atau digunakan sebagai dasar referensi dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa selain adanya layanan fintech konvensional, juga terdapat layanan fintech berbasis Syariah, yakni dimana memberikan penawaran dan menggunakan mekanisme yang berdasarkan syariat Islam. Setiap transaksi yang melalui fintech Syariah tidak lepas dari prinsip-prinsip bisnis Syariah, yaitu berlandaskan kepada fondasi Ekonomi Syariah yang diatur dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI. Fintech Syariah dapat menjamin masyarakat akan halalnya produk yang ditawarkan. Memang secara teknis antara fintech Syariah dengan fintech konvensional masih sama, namun untuk fintech Syariah di Indonesia mengikuti aturan-aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh Dewan Syariah Nasional. Selain itu, perlu juga mengetahui beberapa jenis perjanjian sesuai karakteristik fintech Syariah yang diterapkan. Perbedaan paling utama antara P2P financing konvensional dengan Syariah adalah terdapat pada produk pembiayaan yang tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam, khususnya bunga bank (riba). Produk Syariah sudah seharusnya sesuai dengan Fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia yang terdapat pada Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 tentang Layanan Pembiayaan Berbasis Teknologi Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah. Secara etika, Islam mengatur dengan asas keadilan agar tidak ada pihak yang dirugikan. Oleh karena itu, mari kita terlibat dalam memberikan akses keuangan Syariah yang lebih luas lagi demi meningkatkan daya saing, khususnya ketika berkompetisi dengan layanan jasa keuangan konvensional.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran IPS Sejarah Kelas VII melalui Penerapan Outdoor Learning berbasis Inkuiri di SMP Negeri 4 Mojokerto
Authors: Christiawan Yuddy
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini berfokus pada penyelesaian masalah kualitas pembelajaran sejarah Indonesia di kelas VII SMPN 4 Mojokerto. Permasalahan kualitas pembelajaran di kelas ini  mencakup rendahnya proses pembelajaran dalam hal keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dilakukan dengan menerapkan outdoor learning berbasis inkuiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran setelah dua kali siklus pemberian tindakan.
A SURVEY OF THE EXPERIENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN BULGARIA ABOUT CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Dimitrova Mariana M. , Kondeva Veselina K. ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Rimalovska Sevda I. ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: November 2021

Aim: To study the experience, knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners in Bulgaria about child abuse and neglect. Material and methods: An anonymous questionnaire was conducted on 265 dental practitioners from several regions of Bulgaria. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions, including demographic characteristics and questions about their attitude, knowledge and actions in suspected cases of child abuse and neglect. Results: Only 1/4 of the respondents, n=60 (22.3%), reported having suspected cases of Child Abuse and Neglect, and only 5.7% of them were reported to the authorities. The notification to the relevant institutions increases with the professional experience up to 30% to 40%. The most common reason for not reporting was lack of knowledge of the way or procedures of reporting (40.4%), fear of subsequent violence against the child - 23.4% and fear of consequences for the child when the relevant institutions interfere - 12.8%. Irregular dental visits were considered the most significant indicator of neglect of children's oral health. Need for additional education and training on recognizing the signs of child abuse and neglect were reported from 72.5% of the participants. Conclusions: The present study showed uncertainty in recognizing and reporting suspected cases of child abuse and neglect, especially for the younger dentists and for those without a certain specialty. There is a clear need for additional education of dental practitioners, as well as certain legal guidelines on the procedures of reporting and recording suspected cases, along with reliable support from the relevant institutions.
IMPACT OF DISASTERS ON DISASTER MEDICINE EDUCATION
Authors:   Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Valkanova Elena , Kostadinov Rostislav ,   Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Disaster medicine is a novel but rapidly evolving medical specialty. It aims for evidence based practices as they are essential for contemporary medicine. Every calamity provides input for development. Researchers in the field study these events for the purpose of amending theory and practice to reflect new challenges. The better the understanding of the shortfalls reported is, the greater will the worth for disaster medical response to the upcoming events be. Purpose: The objective of the study is to demonstrate the connection between disasters and commencement and evolution in disaster medicine education and to highlight the significance of lessons learned for practice improvement. Materials and methods: By means of the descriptive method, lessons learned from disaster medical support to some of the most significant catastrophic events in recent years are presented. Comparative and deductive analyses are performed in order to assess the influence of disasters on the evolution of disaster medical support education and training. Results: Analysis of the most consequential disasters proves that the affected countries have implemented disaster medical support planning, organization, and management changes. These changes in policy and practice lead to amendments and advances in disaster medical tuition. Conclusion: As a conclusion, disaster medicine education reliance on the best practices approved throughout the disaster relief operations is noted. Every gained experience and lesson learned have to be implemented into the lectures and seminars, thus transforming real life achievements into knowledge and wisdom.