bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The bird ectoparasite Dermanyssus hirundinis (Acari, Mesostigmata) in the High Arctic; a new parasitic mite to Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: Gwiazdowicz Dariusz , Coulson Stephen , Grytnes John-Arvid , Pilskog Hanne
Published: November 2012

Ectoparasites are common on birds and in their nests. Amongst these parasites are diverse gamasid mite species that can lead to irritation, disease transmission and blood loss. Few studies of the ectoparasites of birds breeding in the High Arctic exist. The parasitic mite, Dermanyssus hirundinis, was found in nests of snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis, both natural nests and within nesting boxes, on Spitsbergen. Densities per nest varied from sporadic to greater than 26,000 individuals. This is the northernmost observation of this parasite. The mite was present in new nests, nests constructed the previous year and nests not utilized the previous summer. The parasite survives at least 18 months without access to a blood meal and can tolerate the Arctic winter, surviving temperatures below −20°C. D. hirundinis is hence well adapted to arctic conditions. Only females were observed suggesting that this population is facultatively parthenogenetic.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among microsporidian isolates infecting silkworm, Bombyx mori using small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene sequence analysis
Authors: Nath B. , Gupta S. , Bajpai A.
Published: November 2012

The life cycle, spore morphology, pathogenicity, tissue specificity, mode of transmission and small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene sequence analysis of the five new microsporidian isolates viz., NIWB-11bp, NIWB-12n, NIWB-13md, NIWB-14b and NIWB-15mb identified from the silkworm, Bombyx mori have been studied along with type species, NIK-1s_mys. The life cycle of the microsporidians identified exhibited the sequential developmental cycles that are similar to the general developmental cycle of the genus, Nosema. The spores showed considerable variations in their shape, length and width. The pathogenicity observed was dose-dependent and differed from each of the microsporidian isolates; the NIWB-15mb was found to be more virulent than other isolates. All of the microsporidians were found to infect most of the tissues examined and showed gonadal infection and transovarial transmission in the infected silkworms. SSU-rRNA sequence based phylogenetic tree placed NIWB-14b, NIWB-12n and NIWB-11bp in a separate branch along with other Nosema species and Nosema bombycis; while NIWB-15mb and NIWB-13md together formed another cluster along with other Nosema species. NIK-1s_mys revealed a signature sequence similar to standard type species, N. bombycis, indicating that NIK-1s_mys is similar to N. bombycis. Based on phylogenetic relationships, branch length information based on genetic distance and nucleotide differences, we conclude that the microsporidian isolates identified are distinctly different from the other known species and belonging to the genus, Nosema. This SSU-rRNA gene sequence analysis method is found to be more useful approach in detecting different and closely related microsporidians of this economically important domestic insect.
A new species of Aspidophryxus G.O. Sars, 1883 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Dajidae) from Caribbean mysid shrimp
Authors: Boyko Christopher , Williams Jason
Published: November 2012

A new species of dajid isopod in the genus Aspidophryxus G.O. Sars, 1883 is described from three females and one male found infesting the lateral carapace of Heteromysis (Olivemysis) actiniae Clarke, 1955 (Mysidae: Heteromysinae) associated with the corkscrew anemone Bartholomea annulata (Lesuer, 1817) (Anthozoa: Aiptasiidae) from the British Virgin Islands. This is the first record of the genus from the western Atlantic; three other species are known from northern European waters, the central Atlantic and Japan, all on mysid hosts. The new species is the first dajid recorded from tropical Caribbean waters. A key to species in the genus and a list of all known hosts with parasite orientation are provided.
Molecular identification of Trichinella britovi in martens (Martes martes) and badgers (Meles meles); new host records in Poland
Authors: Moskwa Bożena , Goździk Katarzyna , Bień Justyna , Bogdaszewski Marek , Cabaj Władysław
Published: November 2012

Trichinella larvae were detected in a marten (Martes martes) and a badger (Meles meles) in Poland. The animals were found dead following car accidents. All examined animals derived from the Mazurian Lake district, north-east Poland, near the village Kosewo Górne where Trichinella infection were earlier confirmed in wildlife; red foxes and wild boars. The muscle samples were examined by artificial pepsin-HCl digestion method. The parasites were identified as Trichinella britovi by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Larvae were found in two out of three martens and one out of seven examined badgers. This is the first report of the identification of Trichinella britovi larvae from martens and badgers in Poland.
In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by aminoguanidine influences free radicals production and macrophage activity in Trichinella spiralis infected low responders (C57BL/6) and high responders (BALB/c) mice
Authors: Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. , Machnicka-Rowińska B.
Published: November 2012

The influence of aminoguanidine (AG) — inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), on macrophage activity and free radicals level was examined during Trichinella spiralis infection in two strains of mice: C57BL/6 and BALB/c. AG was administered either between 1–5 days post infection (dpi) for intestinal phase examinations or between 16–29 dpi for muscle phase examinations. The number of peritoneal macrophages and level of nitric oxide NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in biological fluids were determined in both strains after infection or infection together with AG treatment as well as in control uninfected mice. The performed studies have proved, that free radicals play role in host immune response during intestinal and muscle phase of T.spiralis infection in mice. Inflammatory response in peritoneal cavity was delayed during infection in low responders C57BL/6 mice in comparison with high responders BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 mice are Th-1 like strain and react stronger to AG in contrary to BALB/c being Th-2 like strain. It was manifested as changes and fluctuations of free radicals levels and in the number of peritoneal macrophages after AG treatment in C57BL/6 mice. A weak or no reaction on AG injection in BALB/c mice is responsible for more stable and more effective defense response of the host to T. spiralis infection.
Prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in slaughtered cattle determined by traditional meat inspection in Croatian abattoir from 2005 to 2010
Authors: Zdolec N. , Vujević I. , Dobranić V. , Juras M. , Grgurević N. , Ardalić D. , Njari B.
Published: November 2012

The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of Cysticercus bovis of slaughtered cattle in a Croatian slaughterhouse between 2005 and 2010. In total, 203 166 carcasses and organs were examined, of which in 228 C. bovis was found (0.11 %). The highest number of cysticercosis was found in cows (0.69 %, n = 13 605), then in steers (0.093 %; n = 134 212), and the lowest in calves (0.014 %; n = 55 349). Among the 228 positive specimens, 129 (56.57 %) came from rural estates and 99 (43.43 %) from farms. The ratio of invaded steers from rural estates (n = 2 790) and from farm breed (n = 131 422) was 1.075 %: 0.064 %, calves (n = 316 and n = 55 033) 0.316 %: 0.012 %, and cows (n = 8 985 and n = 4 620) 097 %: 0.15 %. The number of cysticercosis invaded cattle decreased from the initial 0.37 % to 0.07 %. Despite low prevalence, we consider that each positive result requires an individual epidemiologic study in order to decrease the risk even more.
Nematicidal and fertilizing effects of chicken manure, fresh and composted olive mill wastes on organic melon
Authors: Abdel-Dayem E. , Erriquens F. , Verrastro V. , Sasanelli N. , Mondelli D. , Cocozza C.
Published: November 2012

The fertilizing and nematicidal effects of three organic amendments were evaluated in a pot experiment on melon plants infested by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne
incognita. A soil artificially infested with 4 eggs and juveniles/ ml soil of the nematode was amended with: a) virgin olive pomace (VOP); b) composted olive pomace (COP); c) chicken manure based fertilizer (CM) and d) chicken manure based fertilizer combined with the biological control agent Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251, brand name BioAct WG (CMB). VOP was applied at doses of 11 (VOP-A), 22 (VOP-B) and 44 t/ha (VOP-C); COP at 4.5 (COP-A), 9 (COP-B) and 18 t/ha (COP-C); CM at 3 t/ha and CMB at 3 t/ha combined with 4 kg/ha of BioAct WG. Untreated soil was used as control. The treatments CM, CMB, VOP-B and COP-B were established on the basis of N requirement of melon plants (120 kg/ha) taking into account soil and amendments N availability. Two weeks later amendment application and nematode inoculation, the soil was poured in 4.8 l clay pots which were arranged in a greenhouse according to a randomized block design with ten replications for each treatment. A one-month old melon seedling (cv. Galia) was transplanted in each pot and organic farming management practices were used during the growing period. At the end of the experiment, 60 days after transplant, plants were uprooted and height, fresh and dry shoot and root weights were recorded. Root gall index, on the roots, caused by the nematode attack, was estimated according to a 0–5 scale. Final nematode population density and reproduction rate were also calculated for each pot. All data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared according to Least Significant Difference’s Test. Nematode population and root infestation were significantly suppressed by the addition of all amendments, compared to untreated control. However, CM and CMB resulted in a total more suppressive effect and in a significantly higher plant growth in comparison to all the other treatments. A significant correlation was found between root gall index and eggs and juveniles/g root and final nematode population density. No signifycant correlations were found between nematological parameters or plant growth parameters and amendment doses.
Reference organisms for assessing the impact of ionizing radiation on the environment of the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Zalewska Tamara , Suplińska Maria
Published: November 2012

Assessing the impact of ionizing radiation on the marine environment requires a well-defined methodology, which includes, among other elements, the analysis of exposure and effects. One of the most important components of the assessment system is the choice of reference organisms specific for the assessed area that fulfill requirements such as radioecological sensitivity, widespread distribution, and amenability to research and monitoring. The following species specific to the southern Baltic Sea that represent diversified ecological niches were proposed as reference organisms. Polysiphonia fucoides was proposed as a representative of macroalgae. Pelagic and benthic fauna were represented by Crangon crangon (crustacean), Saduria entomon (crustacean), Hediste diversicolor (polychaete), and Mytilus trossulus (mollusc). Fish were represented by Clupea harengus (pelagic planctotrophic fish), Gadus morhua (pelagic carnivorous fish), and Platichthys flesus (benthic fish). Activity concentrations of 137Cs were determined in reference biota as well as in seawater, as required for the total dose-rate evaluation, and relevant concentration factors were calculated.
Composition and dynamics of potentially toxic dinoflagellates in a shallow Mediterranean lagoon
Authors: Zina Armi , Elbahri Trabelsi , Souad Turki , Naceur Ben , Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
Published: November 2012

The population dynamics of harmful microalgae was investigated in the semi-enclosed shallow lagoon, Tunis northern lagoon (South Mediterranean), during a 1-year period from January to December 2007. A total number of 16 potentially toxic dinoflagellates were identified. Density of each species was analyzed in time and space and in relation to environmental parameters. Some species such as Alexandrium catenella, A. pseudogonyaulax, A. tamarense, Dinophysis sacculus, Prorocentrum lima, P. minimum and Gonyaulax spinifera developed high cell concentrations, particularly during spring and summer seasons. Other species such as A. insuetum, A. lee, A. minutum, Coolia monotis, D. acuminata, D. caudata, D. fortii, Ostreopsis siamensis and P. concavum were detected in this coastal ecosystem, but they were rare or appeared in very low densities.

Densities of the most abundant species were closely associated with spring and summer conditions, being positively correlated with water temperature and salinity. These species performed well in this lagoon, but the specific species-dependent affinity to each of the environment factors determined which organisms proliferated. The spatial distribution of the abundant species exhibited a marked increase towards the western and southern parts of the lagoon represented by sites C, D and E. Examination of the temporal distribution revealed that the species more prone to bloom are those with extensive spatial distribution and frequent presence throughout the year such as D. sacculus.

Statistical analysis of D. sacculus density dynamics showed a significant difference between summer and winter assemblages. It presented a positive correlation with water temperature and salinity, but it seems to be tolerant to all levels of nutrients.
Ostwald ripening in Al–Li alloys: A test of theory
Authors: Pletcher Ben A. , Wang Ke-Gang , Glicksman Martin E.
Published: November 2012

Experimental characterization of microstructure evolution in three binary Al–Li alloys provides a quantitative test of diffusion screening theory. Particle size distributions, growth kinetics, and maximum particle sizes are obtained through quantitative, centered dark-field transmission electron microscopy. The dependences on δ′ precipitate volume fraction of the coarsening rate constant and maximum particle size are revealed, both of which have eluded determination for a half century. These experiments show that the diffusion screening theory for late-stage phase coarsening yields accurate predictions of maximum size of particle and relative coarsening constant.
Spectroscopic Studies of the Interaction between Metformin Hydrochloride and Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Tanwir Ahmad , Jahan Rahat , Quadir Mohiuddin Abdul , Kaisar Mohammad A , Hossain Md Khalid
Published: November 2012

The affinity of a drug to serum albumin has influence on the pharmacokinetics of a drug. In the present study, the mutual interaction of metformin hydrochloride (MET) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy under different conditions. It was observed that the fluorescence  quenching of BSA by metformin hydrochloride is a result of the formation of metformin hydrochloride- BSA complex with probable involvement of tryptophan residue. Fluorescence quenching constants were determined using  the Stern- Volmer equation and Vant Hoff equation to provide a measure of the thermodynamic parameters ?G, ?H, and ?S at different temperatures indicating that the hydrogen bond and the hydrophobic forces play a major role for metformin hydrochloride- BSA association. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12486 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 45-49, 2012 (June)
Classroom Situation in Reading Classes of the Foundation English Course (FEC) at International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC): An Empirical Study
Authors: Mahmud Mohammad Riaz
Published: November 2012

The article aims at depicting the present scenario of teaching reading skill to the students of Foundation English Course (FEC) through an empirical study. Two questionnaires have been used for collecting data from learners and teachers to point out the weak areas of ineffective teaching and to identify the shortcomings in teaching reading skill. Collected data have been analyzed under eight points and recommendations have been made separately under those points to overcome the weak areas of ineffective teaching.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12246IIUC Studies Vol.6 2010: 7-34
Necessity of initiating Rating Scale for more reliable assessment of writing skill at HSC level: a case study
Authors: Kabir Mohammed Humayun
Published: November 2012

In this essay, firstly, I will discuss importance of rating scales, relationship between assessment criteria and operations and conditions and effectiveness of rating scales while assessing writing. Secondly, I will examine a selection of scales and subsequently there will be an estimation of those in meeting objectives of the tests and of the course. Finally, I will recommend a suitable rating scale to test English First paper and English Second Paper writing skill at HSC level in Bangladesh evaluating the existing one where I will mention steps to be taken to reduce inter and intra- rating fluctuation in scoring. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12247 IIUC Studies Vol.6 2010: 35-52
Delphi Technique in Urban Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Rajshahi City
Authors: Moral Md Jahan Boksh , Sobhani Farid Ahammad , Rainis Ruslan
Published: November 2012

This study aims at investigating scholastic thoughts regarding poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Two round Delphi techniques were applied to obtain experts opinion in support of probable resolution of poverty. University academics, government officials, non-government executives, and social & political personalities have been considered as scholars. The study reveals that limitation of job is the fundamental cause of poverty. Consequently, the poor are bound to live in vulnerable unhygienic places where inadequate services are prevailing. It is also opined by the experts that home-based work and special training will help the poor to get job that will lead to reduce poverty to a great extent. A lack of integration is evident among different opinions of the scholars. As a result, the poverty reduction efforts show insignificant achievement in view of its goal. A number of suggestions have been recommended to alleviate poverty in the urban area like Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12250 IIUC Studies Vol.6 2010: 77-96
A Study of Digital Signature and Its Legal Implications in Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Murad Mohammad Hasan
Published: November 2012

The exponential growth of Information and Communication Technology particularly internet has brought about a revolution in the way we do financial and commercial transaction. Electronic commerce opened the door to reach out to global markets. Business has transcended geographical or time limit. More and more, Governments, businesses and consumers are taking advantage of the fast and efficient ways of information technology to conduct commerce. The internet is being used to exchange information; products and services are being designed and marketed ,bought ,sold and even delivered to places which was unimaginable even two decades ago. The internet has helped to achieve true globalization. E-commerce enhances convenience and choice, promote competition, and above all, generate new business opportunities and market efficiencies. However , the growth of e commerce posed a profound concern of security and authenticity of the transactions as internet is open to all and perpetrators are always out there. This concern called for security, authentication and identification measures on internet to prevent fraud and malicious transaction. The technology has responded to this concern by developing online authentication and identification technology namely electronic signature, principally, digital signature. In this paper I have explored the meaning, technology of digital signature and discussed legal issues of digital signature particularly in context of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v6i0.12252 IIUC Studies Vol.6 2010: 111-122
Haemoglobin Level in Children of a Northern District of Bangladesh
Authors: Absar M N
Published: November 2012

Objective: To find out the reference level of haemoglobin and other haematological parameters(PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, S. Iron and S. Ferritin) of the children of Northern area of Bangladesh and to see the relation of socio demographic features and other haematological parameters with haemoglobin level.Methodology: Observational cross sectional study.Setting: Outpatient department of Rangpur Medical College and outpatient department of eight Upozilla Health Complexes of northern Bangladesh.Patients: 300 clinically healthy 1yr. to 14yr. age children.Outcome measures: Mean Hb. level in age groups and influence of sex, age, economic status, parental education, nutrition and serum iron on level of Hb. PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, S. Iron and S. Ferritin was estimated to see the confounders and if they are affecting Hb. level significantly.Results: Mean haemoglobin among study population was 11.4gm/dl(SD;1.07). Haemoglobin was normally distributed among the study population. Mean haemoglobin among age groups differed significantly. No significant difference in mean haemoglobin was observed among two sex groups. Mean haemoglibin level corresponded well with WHO defined haemoglobin level in the same age group of children.Conclusion: Reference level of mean Hb. in the studied population is 11.4gm/dl(SD;1.07). Age affects the Hb. level but sex doest. Hb. level in this population is comparable with WHO reference value for this age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12460 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 127-131
The Role of FNAC in Diagnosis of Breast Disease at Different Ages - 208 Cases
Authors: Chaudhury S M Shafiul Azam , Alam Md Khurshid , Haque Md Serajul
Published: November 2012

All breast lesions are not malignant, and all the benign lesions do not progress to cancer; however the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination of preoperative tests. About 30% of women suffer from breast disease in their lifetime. The main objectives are to explore the role of FNAC in diagnosis of breast disease at different ages. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become a critical component in the investigation of palpable breast masses. Total 208 cases included in this study at Comilla. The data was formulated and analyzed by SPSS-12. 79(37.98%) cases were at the age of 21-30 years and next one was 11-20 years which was 48(23.07%). Among them 40(19.23%) cases were   malignant and 168(80.77%) cases were benign in nature. The incidence of malignancy was increased with relation to age. As the age is more chance of malignancy is more. In benign types fibroadenoma was the common disease then the duct cell carcinoma, fibrocystic change, suppurative   inflammation respectively. The findings were 43.75%, 19.23%, 18.27% and 8.65%.In conclusion, fine needle aspiration cytology, for diagnosis of breast lump can reduce the number of open biopsy and   surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12462 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 137-140
Choriocarcinoma - Varied Presentations
Authors: Begum Shamsun Nahar
Published: November 2012

Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumour that originates in developing trophoblast of pregnancy. It is a potentially fatal disease but current management protocol has turned the prognosis highly favourable.Gestational choriocarcinoma is not a rare disease in our country. Various mode of presentation sometimes makes it  difficult to diagnose.Eleven cases of choriocarcinoma were presented here along with treatment modalities and prognosis. Two patients expired during treatment while other respond well with chemotherapy. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment have better prognosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12464 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 145-150
Verruca: Need to Know about Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection
Authors: Khondker Lubna , Shah Md Obaidur Rahman , Khan Md Shirajul Shirajul Islam
Published: November 2012

Verruca or warts are common significant cause of cosmetic concern and frustration of the patient. Social activities may  be affected. Verruca are formed by benign proliferations of the skin and mucosa that are caused by infection with  Human papilloma virus (HPV). These viruses do not produce acute signs or symptoms but induce a slow, focal expansion of epithelial cells. There are 100 types of Human papilloma virus (HPV). The natural history of common warts is for most of them to spontaneously resolve. But lesions are sometime uncomfortable. Warts typically continue to increase in size and distribution and may become more resistant to treatment over time. A significant  proportion of women with genital HPV infection develops  low-grade cervical lesions. Most of these low-grade lesions regress spontaneously; one study suggests that  approximately 15 percent progress to high-grade cervical  lesions within two years. High-grade cervical lesions have  a strong malignant potential; one study found that about one-third of high-grade lesions progress to cancer within ten years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12465 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 151-158
A Guideline on Developing Effective Multiple Choice Questions and Construction of Single Best Answer format
Authors: Begum Tahmina
Published: November 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12466 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 159-166
Retroperitoneal Plasmacytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain SM Amjad , Imtiaz Mohammad Rafiz , Verma Gopal
Published: November 2012

Solitary Extramedullary Primary Plasmacytoma (SEMPP) is a rare neoplasm. When diagnosed, head and neck region is its most likely location. Rarely, it may occur in the retroperitoneum. We report a case of an elderly male who  was admitted in the department of surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) with a Solitary Extramedullary  Retroperitoneal Primary Plasmacytoma (SEMRPP). Subtotal excision of the mass was done. The patient was referred to the department of Oncology DMC for radiotherapy. The first report of an extramedullary plasmacytoma was in 1905 in Taiwan. To the best of our knowledge, there was no report of a Solitary Extramedullary Retroperitoneal Primary Plasmacytoma (SEMRPP) from Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12467 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 167-169
Pleuro-Pulmonary Blastoma: A Rare Cause of Pleural Effusion in a Young Girl
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur , Alam Mohammad Fakhrul , Hasanat Abu , Zamal Younus , Islam Zahidul , Rahman Md Mostafizur
Published: November 2012

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, primitive primary neoplasm of the thorax that affects children. We present a  case of a girl of 11 years who was admitted in National  Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH) with  the complaints of high grade continued fever and shortness  of breath. Initial physical examination and chest radiograph was suggestive of left sided massive pleural effusion. Along with pleural effusion, chest CT depicted a large heterogeneous mass occupying most of the left hemithorax. Computed tomography and bone scintigraphy suggested the mass to have a primary pulmonary origin. Cytologically the lesion  was consistent with pleuropulmonary blastoma. Due to pleural involvement and presence of large inoperable mass, we considered chemotherapy as the first modality of treatment prior to surgery and managed thereby. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12469 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 173-176
Primary Vaginal Carcinoma in Prolapsed Uterus
Authors: Begum Nazneen , Ara Ifat , Islam Ferdousi , Ganguly Shikha , Afroj Sultana
Published: November 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12471 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 181-182
College News Vol.30(3)
Authors: Editor The
Published: November 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12473 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 184
Expectant Management of Ectopic Pregnancy - A Case Report
Authors: Forhad Quorrata Eynul , Khan Kohinoor
Published: November 2012

A patient with suspected ectopic pregnancy was managed successfully with expectant approach using serial serum ²hCG monitoring. Expectant management can be a useful form of treatment for ectopic pregnancy in selected patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12476 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 170-172
Redox Mechanisms in Regulation of Adipocyte Differentiation: Beyond a General Stress Response
Authors: Liu Guei-Sheung , Chan Elsa , Higuchi Masayoshi , Dusting Gregory , Jiang Fan
Published: November 2012

In this review, we summarize advances in our understanding of redox-sensitive mechanisms that regulate adipogenesis. Current evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species may act to promote both the initiation of adipocyte lineage commitment of precursor or stem cells, and the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipose cells. These can involve redox regulation of pathways mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). However, the precise roles of ROS in adipogenesis in vivo remain controversial. More studies are needed to delineate the roles of reactive oxygen species and redox signaling mechanisms, which could be either positive or negative, in the pathogenesis of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Decellularized Tendon Extracellular Matrix—A Valuable Approach for Tendon Reconstruction?
Authors: Schulze-Tanzil Gundula , Al-Sadi Onays , Ertel Wolfgang , Lohan Anke
Published: November 2012

Tendon healing is generally a time-consuming process and often leads to a functionally altered reparative tissue. Using degradable scaffolds for tendon reconstruction still remains a compromise in view of the required high mechanical strength of tendons. Regenerative approaches based on natural decellularized allo- or xenogenic tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) have recently started to attract interest. This ECM combines the advantages of its intrinsic mechanical competence with that of providing tenogenic stimuli for immigrating cells mediated, for example, by the growth factors and other mediators entrapped within the natural ECM. A major restriction for their therapeutic application is the mainly cell-associated immunogenicity of xenogenic or allogenic tissues and, in the case of allogenic tissues, also the risk of disease transmission. A survey of approaches for tendon reconstruction using cell-free tendon ECM is presented here, whereby the problems associated with the decellularization procedures, the success of various recellularization strategies, and the applicable cell types will be thoroughly discussed. Encouraging in vivo results using cell-free ECM, as, for instance, in rabbit models, have already been reported. However, in comparison to native tendon, cells remain mostly inhomogeneously distributed in the reseeded ECM and do not align. Hence, future work should focus on the optimization of tendon ECM decellularization and recolonization strategies to restore tendon functionality.
Shannon’s Sampling Theorem for Bandlimited Signals and Their Hilbert Transform, Boas-Type Formulae for Higher Order Derivatives—The Aliasing Error Involved by Their Extensions from Bandlimited to Non-Bandlimited Signals
Authors: Butzer Paul L. , Schmeisser Gerhard , Stens Rudolf L.
Published: November 2012

The paper is concerned with Shannon sampling reconstruction formulae of derivatives of bandlimited signals as well as of derivatives of their Hilbert transform, and their application to Boas-type formulae for higher order derivatives. The essential aim is to extend these results to non-bandlimited signals. Basic is the fact that by these extensions aliasing error terms must now be added to the bandlimited reconstruction formulae. These errors will be estimated in terms of the distance functional just introduced by the authors for the extensions of basic relations valid for bandlimited functions to larger function spaces. This approach can be regarded as a mathematical foundation of aliasing error analysis of many applications.
Noncanonical Reactions of Flavoenzymes
Authors: Sobrado Pablo
Published: November 2012

Enzymes containing flavin cofactors are predominantly involved in redox reactions in numerous cellular processes where the protein environment modulates the chemical reactivity of the flavin to either transfer one or two electrons. Some flavoenzymes catalyze reactions with no net redox change. In these reactions, the protein environment modulates the reactivity of the flavin to perform novel chemistries. Recent mechanistic and structural data supporting novel flavin functionalities in reactions catalyzed by chorismate synthase, type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, UDP-galactopyranose mutase, and alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase are presented in this review. In these enzymes, the flavin plays either a direct role in acid/base reactions or as a nucleophile or electrophile. In addition, the flavin cofactor is proposed to function as a “molecular scaffold” in the formation of UDP-galactofuranose and alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate by forming a covalent adduct with reaction intermediates.
Effect of β-Cyclodextrin Complexation on Solubility and Enzymatic Conversion of Naringin
Authors: Cui Li , Zhang Zhen-Hai , Sun E , Jia Xiao-Bin
Published: November 2012

In the present paper, the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexation on the solubility and enzymatic hydrolysis of naringin was investigated. The inclusion complex of naringin/β-CD at the molar ratio of 1:1 was obtained by the dropping method and was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The solubility of naringin complexes in water at 37 ± 0.1 °C was 15 times greater than that of free naringin. Snailase-involved hydrolysis conditions were tested for the bioconversion of naringin into naringenin using the univariate experimental design. Naringin can be transformed into naringenin by snailase-involved hydrolysis. The optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were determined as follows: pH 5.0, temperature 37 °C, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.8, substrate concentration 20 mg·mL−1, and reaction time 12 h. Under the optimum conditions, the transforming rate of naringenin from naringin for inclusion complexes and free naringin was 98.7% and 56.2% respectively, suggesting that β-CD complexation can improve the aqueous solubility and consequently the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of naringin.
Molecular Signaling Involved in Oxysterol-Induced β1-Integrin Over-Expression in Human Macrophages
Authors: Gargiulo Simona , Gamba Paola , Testa Gabriella , Sottero Barbara , Maina Marco , Guina Tina , Biasi Fiorella , Poli Giuseppe , Leonarduzzi Gabriella
Published: November 2012

The hypercholesterolemia-atherosclerosis association is now established; hypercholesterolemia may induce vascular-cell activation, subsequently increasing expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other key inflammatory molecules. Among inflammatory molecules expressed by vascular cells, integrins play a critical role in regulating macrophage activation and migration to the site of inflammation, by mediating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The main lipid oxidation products present in oxidized LDL that may be responsible for inflammatory processes in atherogenesis, are cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols. This study demonstrates the effect of an oxysterol mixture, compatible with that detectable in human hypercholesterolemic plasma, on the expression and synthesis of β1-integrin in cells of the macrophage lineage. The molecular signaling whereby oxysterols induce β1-integrin up-regulation is also comprehensively investigated. Over-expression of β1-integrin depends on activation of classic and novel members of protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, as well as of the up-stream G-protein (Gq and G13), c-Src, and phospholipase C. In addition, the localization of β1-integrin in advanced human carotid plaques is highlighted, marking its importance in atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Preparation of Polyaminopyridines Using a CuI/l-Proline-Catalyzed C-N Polycoupling Reaction
Authors: Reis Lindomar , Ligiéro Carolina , Andrade Acácio , Taylor Jason , Miranda Paulo
Published: November 2012

Polyaminopyridines (PAPy) were chemically prepared from amino-bromopyridines by a CuI/l-proline-catalyzed C-N polycondensation reaction. The formation of the polymer was confirmed by GPC, XRD, XRF, FTIR, UV-vis (λmax = 400 nm), 1H and 13C NMR. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) were estimated by end-group analysis using X-ray fluorescence (up to 6000 Da). TGA analysis of PAPy with higher Mn showed greater thermal stability up to 170 oC. Viscosity measurements of polymer in formic acid at 30 oC indicated a polyelectrolyte nature of PAPy solutions. Furthermore, the amorphicity of the material was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationship on Theonellasterol, a New Chemotype of FXR Antagonist, from the Marine Sponge Theonella swinhoei
Authors: Sepe Valentina , Ummarino Raffaella , D'Auria Maria Valeria , Taglialatela-Scafati Orazio , Marino Simona De , D'Amore Claudio , Renga Barbara , Chini Maria Giovanna , Bifulco Giuseppe , Nakao Yoichi , Fusetani Nobuhiro , Fiorucci Stefano , Zampella Angela
Published: November 2012

Using theonellasterol as a novel FXR antagonist hit, we prepared a series of semi-synthetic derivatives in order to gain insight into the structural requirements for exhibiting antagonistic activity. These derivatives are characterized by modification at the exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond at C-4 and at the hydroxyl group at C-3 and were prepared from theonellasterol using simple reactions. Pharmacological investigation showed that the introduction of a hydroxyl group at C-4 as well as the oxidation at C-3 with or without concomitant modification at the exomethylene functionality preserve the ability of theonellasterol to inhibit FXR transactivation caused by CDCA. Docking analysis showed that the placement of these molecules in the FXR-LBD is well stabilized when on ring A functional groups, able to form hydrogen bonds and π interactions, are present.
Inhibition of PCAF Histone Acetyltransferase, Cytotoxicity and Cell Permeability of 2-Acylamino-1-(3- or 4-Carboxy-phenyl)benzamides
Authors: Park Woong , Ma Eunsook
Published: November 2012

Small molecule HAT inhibitors are useful tools to unravel the role of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) in the cell and they also have relevance in oncology. We synthesized a series of 2-acylamino-1-(3- or 4-carboxyphenyl)benzamides 8–19 bearing C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, and C16 acyl chains at the 2-amino position of 2-aminobenzoic acid. Enzyme inhibition of these compounds was investigated using in vitro PCAF HAT assays. The inhibitory activities of compounds 8–10, 16, and 19 were similar to that of anacardic acid, and 17 was found to be more active than anacardic acid at 100 μM. Compounds 11–15 showed the low inhibitory activity on PCAF HAT. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by SRB (sulforhodamine B) assay against seven human cancer cell lines: HT-29 (colon), HCT-116 (colon), MDA-231 (breast), A549 (lung), Hep3B (hepatoma), HeLa (cervical) and Caki (kidney) and one normal cell line (HSF). Compound 17 was more active than anacardic acid against human colon cancer (HCT 116, IC50: 29.17 μM), human lung cancer (A549, IC50: 32.09 μM) cell lines. 18 was more active than anacardic acid against human colon cancer (HT-29, IC50: 35.49 μM and HCT 116, IC50: 27.56 μM), human lung cancer (A549, IC50: 30.69 μM), and human cervical cancer (HeLa, IC50: 34.41 μM) cell lines. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp, cm/s) values of two compounds (16 and 17) were evaluated as 68.21 and 71.48 × 10−6 cm/s by Caco-2 cell permeability assay.
Effect of Surfactants and Manufacturing Methods on the Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube/Silicone Composites
Authors: Vilčáková Jarmila , Moučka Robert , Svoboda Petr , Ilčíková Markéta , Kazantseva Natalia , Hřibová Martina , Mičušík Matej , Omastová Mária
Published: November 2012

The effect of ionic surfactants and manufacturing methods on the separation and distribution of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a silicone matrix are investigated. The CNTs are dispersed in an aqueous solution of the anionic surfactant dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and in a DBSA/CTAB surfactant mixture. Four types of CNT-based composites of various concentrations from 0 to 6 vol.% are prepared by simple mechanical mixing and sonication. The morphology, electrical and thermal conductivity of the CNT-based composites are analyzed. The incorporation of both neat and modified CNTs leads to an increase in electrical and thermal conductivity. The dependence of DC conductivity versus CNT concentration shows percolation behaviour with a percolation threshold of about 2 vol.% in composites with neat CNT. The modification of CNTs by DBSA increases the percolation threshold to 4 vol.% due to the isolation/separation of individual CNTs. This, in turn, results in a significant decrease in the complex permittivity of CNT–DBSA-based composites. In contrast to the percolation behaviour of DC conductivity, the concentration dependence of thermal conductivity exhibits a linear dependence, the thermal conductivity of composites with modified CNTs being lower than that of composites with neat CNTs. All these results provide evidence that the modification of CNTs by DBSA followed by sonication allows one to produce composites with high homogeneity.
Spiculisporic Acids B–D, Three New γ-Butenolide Derivatives from a Sea Urchin-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. HDf2
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Tian-Mi , Shen Ming-Hui , Yang Ming-Qiu , Feng Quan-Ying , Tang Xian-Ming , Li Xiang-Min
Published: November 2012

Three new γ-butenolide derivatives 1–3, named spiculisporic acids B–D, were isolated from the culture of Aspergillus sp. HDf2, a marine-derived fungus that resides in the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including MS and 2D NMR techniques. Their in vitro cytotoxic activities against two cell lines (SGC-7901, human gastric adenocarcinoma and SPC-A-1, human lung adenocarcinoma) and inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 51650 were investigated.
A Qualitative Comparison of Different Logical Topologies for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mamun Quazi
Published: November 2012

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are formed by a large collection of power-conscious wireless-capable sensors without the support of pre-existing infrastructure, possibly by unplanned deployment. With a sheer number of sensor nodes, their unattended deployment and hostile environment very often preclude reliance on physical configuration or physical topology. It is, therefore, often necessary to depend on the logical topology. Logical topologies govern how a sensor node communicates with other nodes in the network. In this way, logical topologies play a vital role for resource-constraint sensor networks. It is thus more intuitive to approach the constraint minimizing problems from (logical) topological point of view. Hence, this paper aims to study the logical topologies of WSNs. In doing so, a set of performance metrics is identified first. We identify various logical topologies from different application protocols of WSNs, and then compare the topologies using the set of performance metrics.
Governance, Sustainability and Decision Making in Water and Sanitation Management Systems
Authors: Iribarnegaray Martín , Seghezzo Lucas
Published: November 2012

We explore the connections between the concepts of governance and sustainability and discuss their possible roles in water and sanitation management systems (WSMS). We see governance as a decision-making process that drives the relationship between social institutions and the public affairs of a given society. We understand sustainability as a combination of spatial, temporal, and personal aspects, and we argue that this definition is more comprehensive than the traditional triple bottom line of economy, environment, and society. We combined these two concepts into a new conceptual framework of “governance for sustainability” that is theoretically sound and arguably appropriate to understand local WSMS. To illustrate this framework, we developed and estimated a Sustainable Water Governance Index (SWGI) for the city of Salta, Argentina. This aggregated index was calculated with data from literature, information from the city’s water company and other local institutions, field visits, and interviews. The SWGI for Salta obtained an overall score of 49 on a 0–100 scale, which fell into the “danger” range. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the method and conclude that aggregated indices such as the SWGI, complemented with contextual information, can be a helpful decision-making tool to promote more sustainable WSMS.
Immune Responses and Lassa Virus Infection
Authors: Russier Marion , Pannetier Delphine , Baize Sylvain
Published: November 2012

Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic fever endemic to West Africa and caused by Lassa virus, an Old World arenavirus. It may be fatal, but most patients recover from acute disease and some experience asymptomatic infection. The immune mechanisms associated with these different outcomes have not yet been fully elucidated, but considerable progress has recently been made, through the use of in vitro human models and nonhuman primates, the only relevant animal model that mimics the pathophysiology and immune responses induced in patients. We discuss here the roles of the various components of the innate and adaptive immune systems in Lassa virus infection and in the control of viral replication and pathogenesis.
Scenario Planning to Address Critical Uncertainties for Robust and Resilient Water–Wastewater Infrastructures under Conditions of Water Scarcity and Rapid Development
Authors: Scott Christopher A. , Bailey Christopher J. , Marra Ralph P. , Woods Gwendolyn J. , Ormerod Kerri Jean , Lansey Kevin
Published: November 2012

Ensuring water availability for multiple needs represents a sustainable development challenge globally. Rigid planning for fixed water supply and reuse targets with estimated demand growth and static assumptions of water availability can prove inflexible in responding to changing conditions. Formal methods to adaptively respond to these challenges are needed, particularly in regions with limited natural resources and/or where multiple uncertain forces can influence water-resource availability and supply reliability. This paper assesses the application of Scenario Planning in one such region—Tucson, Arizona, USA—over the coming 40 years, and highlights broader lessons for addressing complex interrelationships of water management, infrastructure development, and population growth. Planners from multiple jurisdictions and researchers identified ten key forces and prioritized three with the greatest uncertainty and the greatest impact for water and development planning: (1) changing demands based on potential future density, layout, and per capita water use/reuse; (2) adequacy of current water supplies to meet future demands; and (3) evolving public perceptions of water reuse including potential options to supplement potable water supplies. Detailed scenario modeling using GIS and infrastructure cost optimization is under development and is now beginning to produce results, to be discussed in future publications. The process has clearly demonstrated the value of Scenario Planning as a tool for bringing stakeholders into agreement over highly complex and historically divisive problems, and for prioritizing amongst diverse uncertainties. The paper concludes by characterizing possible outcomes for this case and draws lessons for other water scarce regions experiencing rapid development.