bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Incorporation of Tomato Powder in Selected Recipes
Authors: C. Abinaya , Pl. Sridevi Sivakami
Published: November 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.L) a functional food (neutraceutical) contains bioactive components like carotenoids β-carotene, lycopene, vitamins C, vitamin A and tocopherol, phenolic compounds (hydrocinnamic acid), flavonoids (narigenin, rutin) and other bio active components (glycolkaloids and lectin). These bioactive components will reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and asthma. The ripened tomato contain higher amount of lycopene and it reduces the oxidative stress. It act as an anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardio protective and anti-lumen. The post harvested losses in tomatoes were estimated to be 15 and 10% at the farmers and intermediaries level respectively. The harvesting loss was found highest (6%) as compared to grading, packaging, storing and transporting. On other hand the loss of tomato were found highest for mercantile (6.3%), retailer (1.5%), due to transportation and marketing. Processing techniques will improve the shelf life of the proaduct. The demand for tomato processing usually arises from a need to preserve the product for home use, out of season to add value for extra income. The current processing techniques carried out is low temperature processing, high pressure processing, pasteurization and quality control. The basic preservation principle behind all these products is to remove water by boiling to heat the product to destroy enzymes and microorganisms and concentrate the product so that contaminating microorganism cannot re-grow. Hence the present study was carried out to formulate the tomato powder by adopting different drying process like spray drying, foam drying, cabinet drying and solar dryer. The characteristics, nutrient composition, shelf life of the tomato powder was studied, formulated tomato powder was incorporated in different selected recipes.
Microrandomized Trials: Developing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Better Public Health
Authors: Liu Xueqing , Deliu Nina , Chakraborty Bibhas
Published: November 2022

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) represent an intervention design that adapts the provision and type of support over time to an individual’s changing status and contexts, intending to deliver the right support on the right occasion. As a novel strategy for delivering mobile health interventions, JITAIs have the potential to improve access to quality care in underserved communities and, thus, alleviate health disparities, a significant public health concern.

Valid experimental designs and analysis methods are required to inform the development of JITAIs. Here, we briefly review the cutting-edge design of microrandomized trials (MRTs), covering both the classical MRT design and its outcome-adaptive counterpart.

Associated statistical challenges related to the design and analysis of MRTs are also discussed. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the aforementioned concepts and designs throughout the article. We hope our work leads to better design and application of JITAIs, advancing public health research and practice. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(1):60–69. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307150 )
Bioproduction of Antioxidant Chemical Compounds from Endophytic Bacteria of Red Betel Plants (Piper cf. fragile. Benth)
Authors: Simarmata Rumella , Naswita Selvia , Masaenah Eem , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: November 2022

Endophytic bacteria living in plant tissues can produce the same secondary metabolite compounds as their host plants.  Endophytic bacteria obtained from the red betel plant (Piper cf. fragile Benth) have the potential to produce antioxidant compounds.  This research aimed to select endophytic bacteria that had antioxidant activity derived from leaves, stems, and roots of red betel.  Each isolate was fermented in NB (Nutrient Broth) medium for 24 hours.  The fermentation results were separated between supernatant and biomass.  The supernatant was extracted with ethyl acetate and then assayed for antioxidant activity qualitatively and quantitatively by free radical attenuation method using ABTS reagent (2,2-Azinobis(3-etilbenzatiazolin)-6-sulfonat acid).  The results showed that, from 15 isolates of red betel endophytic bacteria, four isolates showed qualitative antioxidant activity.  Isolates of SMB1 and SMD3.1 had IC50 values of 23.11 and 94.88 ppm, respectively (IC50 value of trolox as control was 4,041 ppm).  The quantitative test results of the selected extract of SMB1 isolate analyzed with GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), allegedly contained 1,2-Benzenediccarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester compound with a similarity percentage of 93% and had strong antioxidant activity.
Tubing and Rod Failure Analysis in Rod Pumped Wells in an Indian Western Oil Field
Authors: Kumar Avinav , Upadhyay Rajeev , Kumar Sachiv
Published: November 2022

Sucker rod pump (SRP) is the most popular form of artificial lift, used in one of the western assets of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). It has been used to produce both vertical and deviated wells. In one of the mature fields, frequent tubing and sucker rod failures have been witnessed in both vertical and deviated SRP wells with mean time between failures (MTBF) as low as 4–5 months, which resulted in frequent workover and associated workover cost and production loss. Rubbing between tubing and sucker rod in deviated wells and bending of rods and tubing in vertical and deviated wells below the rod and tubing neutral point in wells experiencing higher compressive load, as a result of loads caused by the frictional and viscous forces inside the tubing string, such as the mechanical pump friction, the friction between the rods and fluid, the fluid and tubing, the tubing and rods, and the friction due to the fluid flowing through valves, has resulted in wearing of downhole equipment and holes in tubings.

The paper analyzes the cause of failures and presents a comprehensive method to mitigate/minimize sucker rod and tubing failure. The study presented in this paper finds its application in a few candidate wells of ONGC, for the first time, where increased MTBF was achieved by the successful adoption of the said method. In addition, the present study has brought uniqueness by integrating the existing knowledge to bring out a rigorous workflow for maximizing the life of SRPs leading to considerable value addition to sucker rod operations of the candidate wells of ONGC. The suggested approach was useful in formulating a novel strategy to minimize the rod and tubing failure by application of a proposed workflow that includes (1) defining a computational method to estimate lateral loads acting along the rod string in deviated wells and to estimate tubing and sucker rod neutral point, (2) quantification of the number of guides to be placed below the neutral point and at points where the lateral load is high, and (3) estimation of the depth of the tubing anchor or length of the tail pipe to eliminate/minimize tubing buckling. The proposed method finds its validation in the field application, which is elaborately discussed in this paper.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Fine Migration During Low-Salinity Water Flooding: Effect of Brine Composition on Interparticle Forces
Authors: Khezerloo-ye Aghdam Saeed , Kazemi Alireza , Ahmadi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

The majority of sandstone reservoirs contain clay particles. When clay is exposed to low-salinity water, fine detachment and migration occur due to multi-ion exchange and electrical double layer (EDL) expansion. Fine migration due to low-salinity water enhances oil recovery while damaging injection and production wells.

This research investigates the effect of clay particles' weight percentage (wt%), ionic strength, total dissolved solids, and the injection rate of the low-salinity water on fine migration. The interparticle forces of kaolinite-kaolinite and kaolinite-quartz systems in various mediums were determined. Ten quartz sandpacks containing 2, 5, and 10 wt% of kaolinite were made to simulate clay-rich sandstone reservoirs. Afterward, different brines (10 and 50 mM solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and Na2SO4 salts as well as seawater and its diluted samples) were injected into these sandpacks with different scenarios. It was observed that the interparticle forces for both systems in the presence of 10 mM solutions of NaCl, Na2SO4, and also 50 mM NaCl are repulsive.

Therefore, even by injecting the low flow rate of these samples (0.1 cm3/min), the total fine migration was observed leading to intense permeability reduction in high clay-rich sandstones. However, in the case of low clay-containing sandpacks, the magnitude of permeability starts to rise a while after getting imposed to fine migration. In the presence of brines containing 50 mM MgCl2 and CaCl2, seawater, and its five-times diluted sample, the interparticle forces were an attraction, and fine migration occurred under no condition. However, using other samples of low-salinity water, the interparticle forces in the kaolin-kaolin system were repulsive and attractive in the kaolin-quartz system. Therefore, the phenomenon of partial fine migration occurs while flooding. So, in low-clay sandpacks, fines migrated only in high rate injection. However, the fine migration was evident for sandpacks containing 10 wt% of clay particles even by low flow rate injection. In general, there is a trade-off between the intensity of fine migration and divalent cations concentration in flooding water. Eliminating these cations or using them at 10 mM concentration may result in total fine migration, which is beneficial for low clay-containing media but damages clay-rich ones strongly. A high concentration of these cations prevents fines from movement, eradicating low-salinity flooding advantages. However, using medium concentrations results in partial fine migration, and the intensity, in this case, depends on clay concentration and flooding rate.
Machining of Ebm Ti-6AL-4V Titanium Alloy Functional Femoral Cone
Authors: Festas António , Ramos A. , Davim J. P.
Published: November 2022

The advantages revealed by the application of 3D manufacturing processes such as Electron Beam Melting (EBM) are decisive in the manufacture of medical devices such as orthopedic implants, especially in custom-made devices. However, machining operations are indispensable on surfaces where surface roughness and dimensional accuracy have more demanding requirements.
This exploratory work aimed to manufacture by CNC turning of a functional cone of the modular component of the hip prosthesis obtained from titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V obtained initially by EBM as well as a wrought rod. For this purpose, the differences in cutting forces and the surface roughness of the surface obtained in the turning tests were the object of analysis.
From the results obtained through turning tests, EBM test samples presented slightly higher roughness values and lower resulting cutting forces. The effect of the shell geometry of the EBM test samples did not decisively influence the results obtained, which means that it is possible to explore this potentiality in the design of components as it materializes as an economic advantage in the manufacture.
Students’ experiences of learning in virtual classrooms facilitated by Google Classroom
Authors: Hamad Wahid B.
Published: November 2022

The study evaluated students’ experience of learning with virtual classrooms facilitated by Google Classroom at the institute of social work, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study employed the Activity Theory (AT) as a theoretical framework using the first triangle of the activity system, which includes three components - Subject-Tool-Object (S-T-O). In this study, an anonymous online survey was adopted for data collection and the quantitative method was used to analyze data. Additionally, the survey questionnaires were prepared and distributed using the KoBo Toolbox. The sample size considered a subgroup of the institute students, which includes the BTCLRPM, ODLRPM & BLRPM from the labor studies departments. At the end of the data collection period, 82 questionnaires were collected. Only 79 (96%) questionnaires yielded valid responses and were considered for analysis and 3 (4%) questionnaires were excluded as they are not yielded valid responses. The finding revealed that the student’s opinions specified that overall students were more interested in learning activities using the Google Classroom platform as a learning tool and they managed to achieve learning goals in the ICT module. Alternatively, the findings from ANOVA comparing the differences between the groups of students concerning the use of Google classroom as a learning tool revealed that the ODLRPM and BTCLRM students demonstrated higher online/blended learning experiences of using Google Classroom for the ICT module compared to BLRPM students. Finally, the study calls for institute policymakers to plan and initiate the policy for the usage of web 2.0 tools such as Google Classroom in the facilitation of online/blended teaching and learning at the institute.
Study Protocol: Short Against Long Antibiotic Therapy for Infected Orthopaedic Sites - SALATIO Trials
Authors: Uçkay Ilker , Wirth Stephan , Zörner Björn , Fucentese Sandro , Wieser Karl , Schweizer Andreas , Müller Daniel , Zingg Patrick , Farshad Mazda
Published: November 2022

Background: Few studies address the appropriate duration of post-surgical antibiotic therapy for orthopedic infections; with or without infected residual implants. We perform two similar randomized-clinical trials (RCT) to reduce the antibiotic use and associated adverse events.
Methods: Two unblinded RCTs in adult patients (non-inferiority with a margin of 10%, a power of 80%) with the primary outcomes "remission" and "microbiologically-identical recurrences" after a combined surgical and antibiotic therapy. The main secondary outcome are antibiotic-related adverse events. The RCTs allocate the participants between 3 vs. 6 weeks of post-surgical systemic antibiotic therapy for implant-free infections; and between 6 vs. 12 weeks for residual implant-related infections. We need a total of 280 episodes (randomization schemes 1:1) with a minimal follow-up 12 months. We perform two interim analyses starting approximately after 1 and 2 years. The study approximatively lasts 3 years.
Discussion: Both parellel RCT will enable to prescribe less antibiotics for future orthopedic infections in adult patients.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT05499481. Registered on 12 August 2022.
Protocol version: 2 (19 May 2022)
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian adolescents: results from ERICA
Authors: Madalosso Mariana Migliavacca , Martins Nina Ferreira , Medeiros Brenda Massochin , Rocha Luana , Mendes Larissa , Schaan Beatriz , Cureau Felipe
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), associated with overweight among adolescents, has increased in the last decades. However, few studies have investigated the association between UPF consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents from developing countries.
Objective: To evaluate the association between UPF consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian adolescents.
Methods: The sample consisted of Brazilian students aged 12–17 years from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour food recall and the foods were classified according to their processing degree, based on the NOVA classification. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, and laboratorial analyses (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, fasting glucose, insulin, and HbA1c) were performed. Overweight/obesity and blood pressure were included in cardiometabolic outcomes. Poisson regression analyses were used to evaluate associations.
Results: The analysis was composed of 36,952 adolescents. The average energy consumption from UPF was 30.7% (95%CI: 29.7–31.6) per day. Adolescents with high UPF consumption (top tertile, ≥38.7% per day) ingest more sodium, saturated and trans-fat, as well as few proteins, fibers, polyunsaturated fats, vitamins, and minerals. After adjusting for possible confounders, higher UPF consumption was directly associated with high LDL-c (PR=1.012; 95%CI: 1.005–1.029), and inversely associated with low HDL-c (PR=0.972; 95%CI: 0.952–0.993). We did not find associations between UPF consumption and other cardiometabolic risk factors evaluated in this study.
Conclusion: UPF consumption among Brazilian adolescents is high and can be associated with poor diet quality and changes in LDL-c.
Machine learning-based prediction for land degradation mapping using multi-source geospatial data in the Batanghari watershed, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto Fajar , Raharjo Puguh Dwi , Pramono Irfan Budi , Setiawan Muhammad Anggri , Chulafak Galdita Aruba , Nugroho Gatot , Sakti Anjar Dimara , Nugroho Sapto , Budhiman Syarif
Published: November 2022

The study area is a tropical environment located in the Batanghari watershed, Sumatra, Indonesia. The existence of the environmental problems and damages in the study area can be identified based on land degradation. It can be interpreted as a complex process and is influenced by human activities, climate change, and natural events. This study proposes the latest Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (Geo-AI) model using multi-sources geospatial data that is specifically used to address challenges and phenomena related to the identification of land degradation in the study area. The novelty of this study is that it is the first time to integrate the 6 (six) main variables of multi-source geospatial data - Topographical, Biophysical, Bioclimatic, Geo-environmental, Global human modification, and Accessibility - in predicting potential land degradation in the tropical environment, such as Indonesia. Machine learning-based prediction Support Vector Machine (SVM), Minimum Distance (MD), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Gradient Tree Boost (GTB), Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF) algorithms were used to predict and to map land degradation in the study area. The overall accuracy of the results of comparison and evaluation of machine learning-based predictions on the RF, CART, GTB, SVM, NB, and MD in the study area are 86.2%, 85.8%, 81.2%, 52.8%, 36.3%, and 34.5%, respectively. Therefore, the study concluded that the RF, CART, and GTB algorithms are proposed to be applied to produce land degradation map in the study area.
Neural-network solutions to stochastic reaction networks
Authors: Tang Ying , Weng Jiayu , Zhang Pan
Published: November 2022

The stochastic reaction network is widely used to model stochastic processes in physics, chemistry and biology. However, the size of the state space increases exponentially with the number of species, making it challenging to investigate the time evolution of the chemical master equation for the reaction network. Here, we propose a machine-learning approach using the variational autoregressive network to solve the chemical master equation. The approach is based on the reinforcement learning framework and does not require any data simulated in prior by another method. Different from simulating single trajectories, the proposed approach tracks the time evolution of the joint probability distribution in the state space of species counts, and supports direct sampling of configurations and computing their normalized joint probabilities. We apply the approach to various systems in physics and biology, and demonstrate that it accurately generates the probability distribution over time in the genetic toggle switch, the early life self-replicator, the epidemic model and the intracellular signaling cascade. The variational autoregressive network exhibits a plasticity in representing the multimodal distribution by feedback regulations, cooperates with the conservation law, enables time-dependent reaction rates, and is efficient for high-dimensional reaction networks with allowing a flexible upper count limit. The results suggest a general approach to investigate stochastic reaction networks based on modern machine learning.
Exploring the relationship between cartilage-associated m6a gene and osteoarthritis development based on bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Song Shilei , Chen Yueping , Chen Feng
Published: November 2022

Purpose:This study aimed to analyze the expression of n6-methyladenosine (m6a)-related genes in osteoarthritis (OA), the relationship between m6a signature genes and clinical morbidity, and the correlation between m6a gene immune cells by using bioinformatics and random forest tree methods.
Methods:OA-related microarrays were obtained from the GEO database. The m6a-related genes were extracted, and their differential gene expression was analyzed using R software. Appropriate gene screening methods were selected to obtain m6a disease signature genes; m6a clinical prediction models were established; decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied to verify the model’s accuracy. Typing was performed according to m6a expression, and genetic differences between typing and differences in immune infiltration were analyzed. The correlation between the differential genes and immune cells was also analyzed. Finally, the m6a differential genes were analyzed using Metascape.
Results:Random forest tree screening was used to obtain the following m6a disease signature genes for cartilage in OA: METTL3, CBLL1, YTHDC1, YTHDC2, YTHDF1, and FMR1. A strong correlation was found between the expression of disease-characterizing genes and clinical disease incidence, which was higher when the total score was between 200 and 230. Based on the m6a gene expression in cartilage, the samples were divided into groups A and B, and METTL3, FMR1, and YTHDC2 had significant genetic differences in the two groups. Among the immune cells, activated CD4T, activated dendritic, natural killer T, and plasma cells were significantly different in the two groups. A significant correlation was found between the high expression of immune cells and the three m6a genes in group B. Metascape functional pathway analysis revealed that OA is mainly related to cell development, differentiation, morphological changes, chemotaxis, and inflammatory response, mainly involving the FRA pathway.
Conclusion: The expression of m6a disease-characterizing genes is significantly correlated with the clinical incidence of OA, and the abnormal expression of m6a-related genes in OA cartilage is an important factor that may cause cartilage damage mainly by affecting immune cells, thus releasing relevant pro-inflammatory factors causing damage to chondrocytes.
How cold is the junction of a millikelvin scanning tunnelling microscope?
Authors: Esat Taner , Yang Xiaosheng , Mustafayev Farhad , Soltner Helmut , Tautz Frank , Temirov Ruslan
Published: November 2022

We employ a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) cooled to millikelvin temperatures by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to perform scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) on an atomically clean surface of Al(100) in a superconducting state using normal-metal and superconducting STM tips. Varying the ADR temperatures between 30 mK and 1.2 K, we show that the temperature of the STM junction T is decoupled from the temperature of the surrounding environment Tenv. Simulating the STS data with the P(E) theory, we determine that Tenv ≈ 1.5 K, while the fitting of the superconducting gap spectrum yields the lowest T=77 mK.
An Integrated Multicenter Amplicon Sequencing Data Reveals New Evidence of the Interaction Between the Gut Microbiota and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Chen Han , Ou Rong , Tang Nana , Su Wei , Yang Ruoyun , Yu Xin , Zhang Guoxin , Jiao Jianhua , Zhou Xiaoying
Published: November 2022

Background
Gut dysbacteriosis has been reported as one of the etiologies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the association between gut microbiota and IBS is still inconclusive. The study aims to provide new evidence of the interaction between the gut Microbiota and IBS.
Method
A paired-sample study was designed by retrieving original multicenter 16s-rRNA data of IBS patients and healthy controls from the GMrepo database. The propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm was applied to reduce confounding bias. The differential analysis of microbiota composition was performed at different taxonomic levels. The co-occurrence network was established. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify specific microbial compositions in different IBS subtypes.
Results
A total of 1522 amplicon samples were initially enrolled. After PSM, 708 samples (354 IBS and 354 healthy individuals) were eligible for further analysis. A total of 1,160 genera were identified. We identified significantly changed taxa in IBS groups (IBS-enriched: the families Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae; the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterocloster, Sphingobacterium, Holdemania, and Acinetobacter. IBS-depleted: the phyla Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Lentisphaerae; the families Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, and the other 25 families; the genera Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and other 68 genera). In subgroup analysis, we profiled microbial compositions in IBS with predominant diarrhea and constipation. We further identified the genera Bilophila and Enterocloster that may be involved in linking IBS with psychiatric disorders. The co-occurrence network identified three hub genera and six hub species (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) that may be important in IBS pathophysiology. Strong positive interactions were identified among the Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the Bifidobacterium community.
Conclusion
This study provides updated evidence in identifying specific microbes that may involve in IBS pathogenesis. Future modalities may be further validated by targeting these microorganisms.
Analytical Hierarchy Process and Economic Analysis for Optimal Renewable Sites in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Ifte Khairul , Islam Md. Nahid , Jaman Azam , Hasan Md. Kabir , Parvez Shahadat Hussain , Shajid Md. Salim Shahed
Published: November 2022

Bangladesh has a huge potential for utilizing renewable energy with the
availability of sources for solar, wind, hydro, and biogas. This paper
provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential for renewable energy
sources and predicts optimal sites for renewable plant implementation
in Bangladesh. A country-wise mapping approach is followed by validation
of prediction using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
known as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which will aid in the
planning and execution of Bangladesh’s upcoming expansion of renewable
farms and will also be a useful tool for policymakers. Moreover,
an economic analysis for 50 MW solar and wind power plant has been
presented to estimate the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) of the
system and society. This work predicts the enormous potential for the
expansion of renewable energy by assessing the appropriate future sites,
economic viability, and cost estimation from Bangladesh’s perspective.
Bacterial diversity associated with volatile compound accumulation in pit mud of Chinese strong-flavor liquor pit
Authors: Shoubao Yan , Yonglei Jia , Qi Zhang , Shunchang Pu , Cuie Shi
Published: November 2022

Pit mud quality is a key parameter that impacts the quality of Chinese strong-flavor liquor production.This study was developed to explore spatial bacterial community distributions and the relationships between these distributions and the volatile compound accumulation within the pit mud used in the production of Chinese strong-flavor liquor. The results revealed Lactobacillus pasteurii and Limnochorda pilosa were found to be the dominant bacteria present in the upper wall, middle wall, and bottom pit mud layers, whereas the Clostridium genus was detectable at high levels in the lower layer of the pit wall and played a role in contributing to the overall aroma and flavor compounds in produced Chinese strong-flavor liquor, with Clostridium abundance being strongly correlated with caproic acid, ethyl caproate, ethyl butyrate, and hexanol levels as well as moderately correlated with butyric acid levels. The abundance of the Lactobacillus genus was positively correlated with levels of ethyl lactate, 1-butanol, and 2,3-butanediol. Limnochorda pilosa was closely associated with ethyl acetate levels. Additionally, the correlations between bacterial communities and chemical properties was also investigated, and the results demonstrated PO43−, total carbon, K+, humus, NH4+-N, and Mg2+ levels significantly affected the bacterial community structure of pit mud, and they were strong positively correlated with the relative abundance of Clostridium. Together, these findings can serve as a foundation for future studies exploring the mechanisms whereby volatile compounds accumulate in different pit mud layers, which facilitates the fermentation regulation and pit mud quality improvement of Chinese strong-flavor liquor.
CO oxidation over Cu-Ce binary oxide prepared by solvothermal method: Effects of cerium precursors on the properties and catalytic behavior
Authors: Jin Wen , Liu Yanmin , Yu Jun , Mao Dongsen
Published: November 2022

Cu-Ce binary oxides were prepared by one-pot solvothermal method, and the effects of different cerium precursors (cerium nitrate and cerium ammonium nitrate) on the catalytic activity and resistance to water vapor or CO2 of the prepared samples for low-temperature CO oxidation reaction were investigated. The physico-chemical characteristics of the catalysts were characterized by thermal analyses (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTs), temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of adsorbed O2 (O2-TPD). The results indicated that the CuO-CeO2 catalyst (CC-N) prepared with cerium nitrate showed higher activity for low-temperature CO oxidation, which can be ascribed to its larger specific surface area and pore volume, more amounts of highly dispersed CuO species with strong interaction with CeO2, Cu+ species, and more active surface oxygen species, compared with the counterpart prepared with cerium ammonium nitrate (CC-NH). Furthermore, the CC-N catalyst also exhibited better resistance to CO2 poisoning than CC-NH.
A young maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY 3) in a non- HNF 1α-mutation family——case report
Authors: Peng Haoran , Li Jianbo , Wang Zhang
Published: November 2022

Young maturity-onset diabetes of the young type3(MODY3) as a special type of diabetes, the probability of being diagnosed is low. This article reports a case and reviews the relevant knowledge of the disease. We report an 11-year-and-11-month-old girl whose grandmother died of diabetic complications while the rest of the families were non-diabetes. The proband initially treated with insulin and metformin but inefficient. After exome-targeted capture sequencing test, she was diagnosed with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3), and sulfonylureas makes sense. The key to the treatment of mody is correct and timely diagnosis, which is contribute to help patients overcome the problems of MODY3, especially for blood sugar control.
Distributional National Accounts for Australia, 1991-2018
Authors: Fisher-Post Matthew , Hérault Nicolas , Wilkins Roger
Published: November 2022

We produce estimates of the full distribution of all national income in Australia for the period 1991 to 2018, by combining household survey with administrative tax microdata and adjusting to match National Accounts aggregates. From these estimates, we are able to rigorously document the shifts in income shares over the period, contrasting changes in the distribution of pre-tax and post-tax national income. Comparing Australia to the US and to France, we also compare our new results to traditional household survey-based estimates of inequality. Moreover, we exploit the richness of our unique microdata to shed light on the distribution of national income across and within various population groups not usually identifiable in the tax datasets that underpin reliable top-income estimates. Among our most surprising findings, inequality of post-tax national income is less than inequality of survey-based (post-transfer, disposable) income for Australia. The gender gap in income has stubbornly remained over the past three decades. Finally, we find that Australian inequality of national income is much lower than that of the United States, while it is similar to that of France, although those at the bottom of the income distribution fare better in France than in Australia.
JEL Codes: D31, D33, E01
Irisin ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in rats
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Zhu Yu , Li Guangyao , Guo Tiantian , Jin Mengtong , Xi Duan , Wang Shuai , Liu Xuezhi , Guo Shuming , Liu Hui , Fan Jiamao , Liu Ronghua
Published: November 2022

Purpose Irisin has a significant protection the myocardial from ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the progression of myocardial I/R injury. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate whether Irisin interferes in gut microbiota and gut mucosal barrier during myocardial I/R injury. Methods All the rats received intraperitoneal injection of irisin or PBS, and then myocardial I/R rats disease model was established. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to assess changes in the microbiota. Colon and ileum tissue structural damage and apoptosis were evaluated by HE staining and Tunnel, respectively. Intestinal barrier integrity was valuated using by immunofluorescence to detecte the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin and serum lipopolysaccharide. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the colon and ileum tissue by Western Blot. Myocardial HE staining and serum cTnI, CK were performed to evaluate the cardiac function. Results Irisin treatment significantly improved the imbalance of intestinal flora in I/R rats. And irisin maintained intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin protein in colon and ileum and and decreasing serum LPS concentration. Meanwhile, intestinal inflammation in I/R rats was attenuated by irisin. More importantly, irisin was protective against I/R injury in vivo. Conclusion Irisin intervention could improve the impaired gut mucosal barrier and reduce the production of LPS after I/R through regulating gut microbiota, thus inhibiting the inflammation and finally exerted the cardioprotective effect.
COVID-19 DNA Methylation Markers and Druggable Targets and Potential Malignant Diseases with Long Incubation Period
Authors: Zhang Zhengjun
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 research needs interactive reliable biomarkers at genomic and genetic levels. Earlier research has established the existence of genomic signature patterns and nearly perfect reliable interactive genomic biomarkers. However, reliable DNA methylation markers haven't been identified at the epigenetic level, not to mention interactiveness. This study utilized the newly proven and powerful method to discover nearly perfect interactive COVID-19 DNA methylation markers. From 865,859 methylation sites, a miniature set of seven Infinium MethylationEPIC sites (CpG sites, genes) and one intergenic region have been discovered to interact with each other and with disease subtypes. They lead to nearly perfectly (96.87% accuracy) predicting COVID-19 patients from patients presenting with respiratory symptoms but COVID-19. These seven CpG sites can jointly explain COVID-19-related diseases. These seven CpG sites and the optimum performed genomic biomarkers reported in our earlier work rise to be potential druggable targets. Among these seven CpG sites, diseases associated with cg16785077 (gene MX1) can have an incubation period of up to six to eight years, which raises a serious (or urgent) issue to investigate now or sooner.
Monitoring blood caffeine concentration in preterm infants: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Sugino Masashiro , Kuboi Toru , Noguchi Yuta , Nishioka Katsufumi , Tadatomo Yoko , Kawaguchi Nana , Sadamura Takaaki , Nakano Akiko , Konishi Yukihiko , Koyano Kosuke , Nakamura Shinji , Okada Hitoshi , Itoh Susumu , Kusaka Takashi
Published: November 2022

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is generally unnecessary in caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity because the normal blood-caffeine concentrations of preterm infants are markedly lower than those at which caffeine intoxication occurs. However, several reports have mentioned preterm infants developing toxicity. In this retrospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary center in Kagawa, Japan, we evaluated the correlation between the maintenance dose and blood-caffeine concentrations and determined the maintenance dose leading to toxic caffeine concentrations.. Preterm infants were treated with caffeine citrate for apnea of prematurity between 2018 and 2021. Our primary outcome measure was the maintenance dose leading to toxic caffeine concentrations. Twenty-four preterm infants (gestational age, 27 ± 2.9 weeks; body weight, 991 ± 297 g) were included, and 272 samples were collected for analysis. The caffeine dose and blood-caffeine concentration were positively correlated (p < 0.05, r = 0.72). At doses of ≥ 8 mg/kg/day, 15% (16/109) of patients had a blood-caffeine concentration above the toxic concentration. Patients who receive doses of ≥ 8 mg/kg/day are at risk of reaching the toxic blood-caffeine concentration. Although it is unknown whether toxic caffeine concentrations are detrimental to neurological prognosis, the administration of high-dose (≥ 8 mg/kg/day) caffeine may require TDM to prevent blood-caffeine concentrations from reaching toxic levels.
Early Mars sub-aerial environments conducive to prebiotic evolution
Authors: Rapin William , Dromart Gilles , Clark Benton , Schieber Jürgen , Kite Edwin , Kah Linda , Thompson Lucy , Gasnault Olivier , Lasue Jérémie , Meslin Pierre-Yves , Gasda Patrick , Lanza Nina
Published: November 2022

Mars provides a unique record for early habitable environments 1–3 but its potential for an independent origin of life is uncertain 4,5. Prebiotic chemical evolution leading to incipient life requires specific environments and processes to occur 6. In particular, wet-dry cycling is known to strongly promote the self-assembly of organics, generating opportunistic mixtures and combinations of essential biopolymers 7–9. However, evidence for such process has been missing from the geological record of Mars explored so far. Here we report on new observations by the Curiosity rover at Gale crater indicating wet-dry cycling occurred on early Mars. We observed exhumed centimetric polygonal ridges, with distinct Y-junctions, which are characteristic of a fossilized cracking pattern that initially formed in fresh mud by the sustained action of wet-dry cycles. Given organics are present in the ancient sediments of Gale, our results suggest the evaporitic basin has been particularly conducive to prebiotic polymerization processes. The features are physically and temporally associated with the transition from clay to sulfate-bearing strata, a key mineral assemblage found elsewhere across Mars. It suggests that the Noachian-Hesperian transition (3.8 – 3.6 Gyrs ago) as a whole has been favorable to prebiotic evolution.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ebrahimi Nasim , Fardi Elmira , Ghaderi Hajarossadat , Palizdar Sahar , Khorram Roya , Vafadar Reza , Mobarak Halimeh , Ahmadi Amirhossein , Hamblin Michael R. , Aref Amir reza
Published: November 2022

Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) that have entered clinical applications. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy drugs with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
Self-Reported Anatomical Characteristics of the Penis and Male Sexual Function
Authors: Niu Caoyuan , Ventus Daniel , Jern Patrick , Santtila Pekka
Published: November 2022

Premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which is common male sexual dysfunctions worldwide, lead to substantial distress in men as well as their partners, and decrease the quality and stability of romantic relationships, and, consequently, lead to a decreased quality of life in a large part of the population. We investigated the associations between self-reported anatomical characteristics of the penis and PE and ED in an urban Chinese sample. We recruited 1976 Chinese urban men aged 18 to 50 to fill out an online questionnaire regarding demographic information, anatomical characteristics of the penis, as well as PE and ED. Participants reported their age, penile length, penile circumference, circumcision status, and foreskin characteristics as well as answered the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and Checklist for Early Ejaculation Symptoms (CHEES). Penile length and girth were associated with less ejaculatory problems, but only penile length was associated with less erectile problems. Results showed that overall higher age was associated with less ejaculatory and erectile problems. This pattern was confirmed in the younger group (age < = 31) where higher age was associated with less ejaculatory and erectile problems. However, in the older group (age > 31), higher age was associated with more ejaculatory and erectile problems. The relationship between penile length and sexual function did not change with age whereas penile girth was associated with less ejaculatory problems in the older age group only. Male circumcision and less foreskin covering the glans penis were associated with less ejaculatory and erectile problems. The present study is the first study to investigate the association between anatomical characteristics of the penis (penis size and circumcision) and sexual function. However, the self-reported measurement of penis size is a potential limitation. the penis size was measured by self-reported. There is a potential limitation to the reliability of such self-reports. The results indicated that the relationship between the anatomical characteristics of the penis and sexual function was complex. Also, the effects of age on sexual function were positive among younger men and negative among older men.
Geographical Discrepancy in Oral Food Challenge Utilization Based on Canadian Billing Data
Authors: Baba Ala El , Jeimy Samira , Soller Lianne , Kim Harold , Bégin Philippe , Chan Edmond
Published: November 2022

Background: Oral Food Challenges (OFC) confer the highest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis; however, uptake has been variable across clinical settings. Numerous barriers were identified in literature from inadequate training to resource access. OFC utilization patterns using billing data have not been previously studied.
Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the geographic differences in utilization of OFCs across Ontario and Quebec using anonymized billing data from 2013-2017.
Methods: Anonymized OFC billing data were obtained between 2013-2017 from Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) and Régie de l'Assurance Maladie du Québec (RAMQ). The number of OFCs was extracted by location, billings, and physician demographics for clinic and hospital-based challenges.
Results: Over the period studied, the number of OFCs increased by 92% and 85% in Ontario clinics and Québec hospitals, respectively. For Ontario hospitals, the number of OFCs increased by 194%. While Quebec performed exclusively hospital-based OFCs, after controlling for the population, the number of OFCs per 100,000 residents annually were similar to Ontario at 50 and 49 OFCs, respectively. The number of OFCs varied across the territory with an annual rate reaching up to 156 OFCs per 100,000 residents in urban regions and as low as 0.1 in regions furthest from city centers.
Conclusion: OFC utilization has steadily increased over the last decade. There has been marked geographical discrepancies in OFC utilization which could be driven by the location of allergists and heterogeneity in their practices. More research is needed to identify barriers and propose solutions to them.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 associated with cavitations and treatment failure
Authors: Ordaz-Vázquez Anabel , Torres-González Pedro , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia , Canizales-Quintero Sergio , Delgado-Sánchez Guadalupe , García-García Lourdes , Ponce-De-León Alfredo , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Bobadilla-Del-Valle Miriam
Published: November 2022

Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping has been crucial to determining the distribution and impact of different families on disease clinical presentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations among sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and M. tuberculosis lineages from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.
Methods
We analyzed data from 755 patients whose isolates were typified by 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). The associations among patient characteristics and sublineages found were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.
Results
Among M. tuberculosis isolates, 730/755 (96.6%) were assigned to eight sublineages of lineage 4 (Euro-American). Alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.528, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.041–2.243; p = 0.030), diabetes mellitus type 2 (aOR 1.625, 95% CI 1.130–2.337; p = 0.009), sputum smear positivity grade (3+) (aOR 2.198, 95% CI 1.524–3.168; p < 0.001) and LAM sublineage isolates (aOR 1.023, 95% CI 1.023–2.333; p = 0.039) were associated with the presence of cavitations. Resistance to at least one drug (aOR 25.763, 95% CI 7.096–93.543; p < 0.001) and having isolates other than Haarlem and LAM sublineages (aOR 6.740, 95% CI 1.704–26.661; p = 0.007) were associated with treatment failure. In a second model, multidrug resistance was associated with treatment failure (aOR 31.497, 95% CI 5.119-193.815; p < 0.001). Having more than 6 years of formal education was not associated with treatment failure.
Conclusions
Knowing M. tuberculosis genetic diversity plays an essential role in disease development and outcomes, and could have important implications for guiding treatment and improving tuberculosis control.
Causal Effects of Red Cell Distribution Width on Rheumatoid Arthritis and Congestive Heart Failure: A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lei Jing , Liu Zhenqiu , Zhao Renjia , Zhu Dongliang , Jiang Yanfeng , Xu Kelin , Zhang Tiejun , Jin Li , Suo Chen , Chen Xingdong
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.