bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Imaging Features of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in the Elderly Compared with Young and Middle-Aged Individuals
Authors: Cao Jia , Zhou Jun , Long Qingyun , Ling Gonghao , Liao Xingnan
Published: October 2020

Background: A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported worldwide, but there are few reports on age-related computed tomography (CT) signs and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the CT imaging characteristics and clinical features of elderly patients with novel COVID-19 and compare them with young COVID-19 patients, in order to provide imaging basis for clinical diagnosis. Patients and Methods: The clinical and chest CT imaging data of elderly patients (≥ 60 years) and young patients (age of 20 - 60 years) with positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid admitted to our hospital from January 28, 2020 to February 16, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences in clinical and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results: One hundred eighty three COVID-19 patients (96 elderly: mean age, 72.76 ± 5.65; 87 young: mean age, 42.69 ± 12.44) with positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical symptoms of fever (79%), cough (64%) and weakness (59%) in elderly patients were higher than those of young patients (P < 0.01). Asymptomatic young patients (15%) were more common than the elderly (2%) (P < 0.01). Twenty-four patients (13%) had lesions that involved both the periphery and the center of the lung, while the lesions were located in the periphery of the lung in 159 patients (87%). Ground-glass opacification in young patients (71%) was significantly higher than that of the elderly (26%) (P < 0.001). Compared with the young group (37%), the proportion of extensive involvement of lung lobes was higher in the elderly group (72%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Elderly and young patients with corona virus disease had some common CT and clinical features, but elderly patients may have relatively severe CT findings, and these differences may be related to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.
High-Resolution Three Dimensional MRI Findings After Plugging Surgery for Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Ji Ye , Yoon Ra Gyoung , Shim Hyun Joon
Published: October 2020

: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is known as abnormal communication of the superior semicircular canal (SCC) to the intracranial space secondary to a bony defect in the canal. Patients who are subjected to surgical repair usually have intractable symptoms, and recently, plugging of SCC using a transmastoid approach has been widely recommended. In this report, we describe a case of incomplete plugging for SSCD in a 37-year-old woman, along with the high-resolution three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) findings using Pöschl view reconstruction. Postoperative MRI of 3D T2-wieghted sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) Pöschl plane demonstrated an incomplete plugging of the SCC with partially visible perilymphatic fluid in the posterior limb above the common crus. A 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence showed an enhancement involving the vestibule and SCC, suggesting labyrinthitis. Although there are few reports about incomplete plugging for SSCD, this case could demonstrate postoperative status and complication after plugging of SSCD using a high-resolution 3D MRI sequences with Pöschl view reconstruction.
Dijitalleşme ve Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Çalışanlar Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: Ersöz Betüle , Özmen Mehmet
Published: October 2020

20 yıl öncesine kadar teknolojinin insanlara sunduğu fırsatlar oldukça sınırlıydı. Günden güne evrensel ilerleme aracı olarak kullanılan bilişim teknolojileri bu fırsatları artırarak, küreselleşen dünyanın vazgeçemediği bir unsur haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde dijitalleşmenin artması ile birlikte teknolojinin hızına yetişmek oldukça zordur. Dijital çağ olarak adlandıran teknoloji yüzyılı, bireylerin hayatlarını kolaylaştırırken yenilikler sunarak teknolojiye bağımlı bireyler haline dönüştürmüştür. Bilişim teknolojinin gelişmesi ile örgütler teknolojinin sunduğu araçları kullanarak çağın sunduğu olanakları fırsata dönüştürerek hem ulusal hem de uluslararası bir ilerlemenin parçası olmuştur. Örgütler 21.yüzyıl ile hızlı bir dönüşüme girerek teknolojinin sunduğu araçları bünyelerine entegre etmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla, Dijitalleşme ve Bilişim teknolojilerinin çalışanlar üzerinde olumlu ve olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, dijitalleşme sürecinde meydana gelen dönüşümün çalışanların üzerinde bıraktığı etkiyi yapılan çalışmalar ışığında inceleyerek, alanyazına katkı sağlamaktır.
Comparison of VR and Desktop Game User Experience in a Puzzle Game: “Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes”
Authors: Berkman Mehmet İlker , Çatak Güven , Eremektar Mıstık Çağın
Published: October 2020

Since the contemporary game production process is based on the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) applications, it is easier for developers to create multiple versions of their game for both VR and desktop platforms. This provided a great opportunity for researchers to conduct comparative studies to explore the user experience of the relatively novel virtual reality applications In this study, we evaluated a puzzle game through a within-subjects experiment design using objective measures of game success and gameplay duration, as well as plenty of subjective measures in order to assess game user experience, comparing desktop and VR. In addition to selected dimensions of GUESS (Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale), we employed MEC-SPQ (Measurement Effects Conditions - Spatial Presence Questionnaire) to measure presence. Furthermore, we employed NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index) to compare the perceived task complexity of the same task executed in VR and desktop gaming environments. Results revealed that there is not a significant difference in objective measures of player performance, comparing the VR and desktop gameplay. The Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale did not reveal any significant difference between the mean scores of VR and desktop experiences. The spatial presence related dimensions of MEC-SPQ revealed significantly higher scores of VR, for Possible Actions and Self Location dimensions. NASA-TLX weighted scores were significantly higher for VR in physical load and for desktop in frustration. Our results show that a puzzle-based game experienced in VR does not lead to a higher level of satisfaction in terms of game user experience but triggers a sense of spatial presence. Due to the different control schemes, players perceive that HMD based gameplay demands more physical task load. However, the gameplay duration and game success rate are not significantly different. The failure in desktop gameplay might have led to higher frustration, since the experience seems more familiar to players. Since the results are partially concordant with previous studies, it is not possible to make a strict conclusion on the effect caused by different immersive technologies on game user experience. Further studies are required through a more consistent methodology with a focus on game design components rather than game genre.
Urban Green Infrastructure Development as Perceived by Urban Household in Chittagong City of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Kamrul , Chowdhury Kishwar Jahan , Alam Mohammad Shafiul
Published: October 2020

Aims: Along with different initiatives in public and private sectors Chittagong city dwellers are also contributing to increasing urban greenery. This study was aimed to find their perception and contribution to urban greenery development.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Chittagong city of Bangladesh in four different residential areas between May 2019 and June 2019.

Methodology: We have surveyed 100 respondent families who were selected through purposive random sampling. After sorting we have used MS excel 2010 to analyze the data.

Results: The study revealed that household people covered 13.04% of the total household area by greener infrastructure which is about 179.07sq.ft per household. In this study it is found that 49.99% of the respondents practice indoor plantation, 62.44% have roof-top gardening where only 17.61% have gardens in their premises. 128 species have been in their household area of which 36 flowerings, 33 fruits 36 vegetables, 12 medicinal additionally 11 are ornamental plant species. It has also revealed in the study that 14% house-hold directly uses the roof where 86% use containers for their rooftop garden. They use compost manure, inorganic fertilizer, and food waste as manure. Where 6% prefer composting, 73% is food waste and 21% use inorganic fertilizer. According to 27% of people, the environmental benefits derived from the household greenery are the main reason for developing their garden where 26% claimed it for recreation, 24% for aesthetic and 13% for the religious benefit and only 10% do it for monetary benefit.

Conclusion: Household people can be an important catalyst for “Urban green infrastructure development.” Hope this study will be an expedient caseworker on the way of planning for sustainable Chittagong city development which will embed the Environment and Urbanism in a frame of ‘Sustainable Urban Development’.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Blend of Lignicellulosic Materials for Reducing Sugar Production: Screening of Significant Process Factors
Authors: Amadi Bathlomew Chukwudi , Igbokwe Philomena Kañulia , Onu Chijioke Elijah
Published: October 2020

The screening of the process parameters on the enzymatic hydrolysis of a blend of two lignocellulosic materials - corn cob (CC) and deseeded fluted pumpkin fruit (DFPF) using Trichoderma reesei was the focus of the present study. Four process parameters – time, temperature, substrate blend ratio and pH were screened for statistical significance using a 4 x 4 matrix of Graeco-Latin square design of experiment. The reducing sugar yield was determined using the dinitrosalisylic acid (DNS) method and maximum reducing sugar yield of 57.92mg/ml obtained in 2days at 40oC, blend ratio of 0.2:0.8 (CC:DFPF) and pH 5.5. Result of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) obtained showed that with 3 degrees of freedom and 6 residual degree of freedom at 95% confidence level (i.e. 0.05 significance), time, temperature and substrate blend ratio significantly affected the enzymatic hydrolysis process whereas the effect of pH was not significant. However, only time was significant at 99% confidence level (0.01 significance) while temperature, substrate blend ratio and pH were not significant. This study has highlighted the significant factors among the process variables in emzymatic hydrolysis of a blend of CC and DFPF.
An Extremely Rare Syndromic Form of Intellectual Disability: Temtamy Syndrome; About a Clinical Case
Authors: Akhrif M. , Abilkassem R. , Elyajouri A. , Ennouali H. , Amsiguine N. , Agadr A.
Published: October 2020

Temtamy syndrome is a congenital syndrome. It was first described by Temtamy et al. in 1991. Characterized by mental retardation, ocular coloboma, seizures, variable craniofacial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities, including abnormalities of the corpus callosum and thalamus. The extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these phenotypes posed a major diagnostic challenge until the advent of genomic tests that scan a large number of genes with little bias by the clinical phenotype.

Materials and Methods:  We reporting the case of a male child aged followed since the age of 3 months for epileptic seizure with corpus callosum agenesis, and clinical examination found craniofacial dysmorphia, mental retardation, strong myopia, an irian coloboma, chorioretinal atrophy. The aim of this study is to highlighting the specific features of temtamy syndrome and show the points of divergence with other similar syndromes.
Enrichment of Organic Manures and Their Utilization in Vegetable Crops
Authors: Sindhu V. , Chatterjee Ranjit , Santhoshkumar G. M. , Sinha Trisha
Published: October 2020

Agriculture intensification through indiscriminate and irrational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has resulted in reduction of crop productivity, lowered fertilizer use efficiency, accelerated environmental degradation and soil heath thus posing serious threat to the sustainability of agriculture, ecological balance and human health. However, people are gradually realizing the emerging danger and showing interest in sustainable crop production practices such increased use of organic manures to revitalize and restore soil fertility and reviving the microbial activity of the soil. Traditionally farmyard manure, animal wastes, compost, vermicompost are used as source of organic fertilizers for improving soil fertility and crop productivity. However, low nutrient content, bulkiness, handling difficulties and labour intensive application prevent the growers for larger use of these traditional organic manures. Gradually there is a decline in microbial activity of these organic manures which in turn leads to depletion of enzymatic activity and composition of nutrient. Manure enrichment increases the nutrient content, microbial population, enzyme activity and increase the fertility status of the soil. Enrichment of manures and composts is done by incorporation of mineral additives (rock phosphate, zinc salt etc.), bio-fertilizers (nitrogen fixing, phosphorus and potassium solubilising bacteria etc.) and bio-inoculations (Trichoderma, Pseudomonas etc.) have lot of benefits on crops in terms of higher yield, better quality, increased disease and pest resistance, availability of essential nutrients and increased soil microbial population and activity. Regular use of higher amount of enriched organic manures will not only reduce the amount of organic manure requirements, but will also increase the use efficiency of the applied manures. Preparation and application of enriched organic manures should be promoted to more number of vegetable growers for organic cultivation as well as for traditional crop cultivation. The present review work on enrichment of organic manure was aimed to explore the possibility of preparation and utilization of enriched organic manures on vegetable crop growth, yield and soil health. The different enrichment method and their utilization will motivate the farming community to adopt enrichment of available organic manures which in turn reduce soil pollution and environmental degradation from fossil fuels.
Optimization of Nitrogen Dose under Different Irrigation Levels in Maize (Zea mays L.) during Post Monsoon Season at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
Authors: Soujanya B. , Naik B. Balaji , Devi M. Uma , Neelima T. L. , Biswal Anima
Published: October 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Agro Climate Research Center, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India during post monsoon season of 2019-20 with an objective to optimize the nitrogen dose under varied degrees of water stress environment. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with three irrigation scheduling (60%DASM, 40%DASM and 20%DASM) as main plots and three nitrogen levels (90, 180 and 240 kg of nitrogen ha-1) as sub plots. The results indicated that, at 20% DASM, with increasing nitrogen dose from 90 to180 and further 240 kg ha-1, the plant height and biomass increased significantly. Whereas a significant response in terms of the LAI, number of grains row-1, grain and stover yields and nitrogen uptake by plant was observed up to 180 kg N ha-1.Under deficit soil moisture condition (60% DASM) the maximum plant height (141.5cm), LAI (2.93), biomass (222.3 g plant-1), number of grains row-1 (35.3) test weight (24.1 g), grain yield (4930 kg ha-1), stover yields (7996kg ha-1) and nitrogen uptake by plant was recorded with low nitrogen dose of 90 kg N ha-1 and all these parameters were decreased with increasing nitrogen dose. The concentration of nitrogen in leaf, stem and grain was more under deficit soil moisture condition (60% DASM) and was decreased with reliving plant water stress by scheduling irrigation at 40% DASM and 20% DASM. This investigation evidences the need of nitrogen optimization under varied degree of moisture availability. Under deficit irrigated situation, lower dose of nitrogen is sufficient for optimum yield. Whereas under sufficient water availability, the beneficial effect increased nitrogen levels can be exploited for higher grain yield in maize.
Antimicrobial Effect of Arrabidaea chica Polyphenolic Extract Used as Dentin Pre-treatment against Cariogenic Microbiota
Authors: Volkmann Lidiane Thaís , Bridi Enrico Coser , Basting Rosanna Tarkany , Sousa Ilza Maria de Oliveira , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , Amaral Flávia Lucisano Botelho do , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Foglio Mary Ann , Basting Roberta Tarkany
Published: October 2020

Aims: This study tested the antimicrobial effect of Arrabidaea chica (Ac) polyphenolic extract in different concentrations incorporated into an aqueous solution or into a primer of an adhesive system used for cavities pre-treatment against Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc).

Study Design: In vitro experimental study design to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different solutions containing Ac against Sm and Lc.

Methodology: Aqueous solution and primer (from a self-etching adhesive system - Clearfil SE Bond/Kuraray) were prepared containing Ac extract in six different concentrations: 0.0% (null); 0.25%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%; 2.5%. To determine the MIC, tubes with the inoculates of Sm and Lc were added with the solutions described above. Serial dilutions were inoculated in plates with culture medium (n=3). The colony forming unit count (CFU/mL) was carried out after 48 hours. Negative controls (aqueous or primer solutions without Ac incorporation) were used in both tests.

Results: Regression model showed that all Ac concentrations inhibited Sm growth (p>0.05) in aqueous solution. Negligible or no Sm growth was observed in the presence of primer in Ac concentrations above 0.25% (p<0.05). Negligible or no Lc growth was found in aqueous solution for all Ac concentrations, and in the presence of primer in Ac concentrations above 1% (p>0.05). All concentrations of Ac tested here maintained the acidic characteristics of the solutions.

Conclusion: Arrabidaea chica extract into an aqueous solution shows antimicrobial effect against Sm and Lc in all concentrations tested. When incorporated into the primer, the antimicrobial activity is observed in concentrations above 1%.
Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Promotes Antioxidant, Survival, Fecundity, and Locomotor Activities in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Omale Simeon , Bagu Great David , Gyang Steven Samuel , Alemika Emmanuel Taiwo
Published: October 2020

Aim: The study was designed to investigate antioxidant, survivability,  fecundity, and locomotor activity of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract in Drosophila melanogaster.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Africa Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in August 2019 - March 2020. In the first place, in vitro analysis of the antioxidant activity of extracts of M. oleifera in various solvents (Aqueous, Methanol-Aqueous co-solvent (80 % v/v) and n-Hexane) were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) assay. Based on the in vitro result, the methanol extract with the best free radical scavenging activity was used in graded doses for conducting the in vivo studies, and the observations were recorded. Distilled water (1000 µL) was used alone in 10 g fly food (as negative control) or as a solvent to dissolve MOL extract or ascorbic acid (positive control) separately before mixing with the fly food.  Statistical significance was taken at P<0.05

Results: The methanol extract of M. oleifera leaf (MEMOL) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher free radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 60 µg/ml) compared with the aqueous (IC50 = 100 µg/ml) and n-hexane (IC50 = 250 µg/ml) extracts respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) of MEMOL was >2000 mg. Supplementation with MEMOL non-significantly (P>0.05) improved movement, significantly (P<0.05) increased survivability, fecundity, and total thiol level. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) significantly (P<0.05) increased. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity non-significantly (P>0.05) decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with controls, respectively.

Conclusion:  In vitro study suggested better antioxidant activity of MEMOL. In vivo study also revealed that MEMOL was relatively safe in D. melanogaster, supported by high LD50, increased survivability, fecundity, locomotor ability, antioxidant enzyme activities, total thiol level, along with a concomitant decrease in MDA content.
HbA1c Status in Type II Diabetes Mellitus with and without Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Chaudhari Aparna S. , Sontakke Alka N. , Trimbake Sangeeta B.
Published: October 2020

Background: Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) reflects patient’s glycemic status over the previous 3 months. Previous studies have reported that iron deficiency may elevate HbA1c concentrations, independent of glycemia.

Aim: To assess the status of HbA1c in clinically diagnosed cases of type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Study Design: Case control study in rural hospital of Talegaon Dabhade, Pune.

Methodology: The study includes 36 clinically diagnosed cases of type II DM with IDA and 36 controls which are age & sex matched having type II DM without IDA. Hematological parameters, fasting and post prandial blood glucose& HbA1c level were assessed in all subjects. Serum ferritin levels were assessed only in cases. Comparison between the parameters of cases and controls was done using appropriate statistical analysis.

Results: Levels of HbA1c are increased in cases [clinically diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus with iron deficiency anemia that is IDA] as compared to controls [clinically diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus without IDA] irrespective of glycemic status.

Conclusion: This study found a positive correlation between iron deficiency anemia and increased HbA1c levels, Hence IDA is to be taken in consideration while interpreting HbA1c in diagnosis and monitoring of Diabetes mellitus.
COVID-19: Mental and Social Health-Related Complaints among Children and Adolescents in Nigeria: Parents’/Caregivers’ Perception – An Online Survey
Authors: Briggs Datonye Christopher , Kattey Kattey Amos
Published: October 2020

Aim: This survey aimed to highlight the mental and social health-related complaints of children and adolescents during the lockdown in Nigeria.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: Respondents from all six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, from May 9 to June 8, 2020.Nigeria.

Methodology: A snowball sampling technique was used to recruit 260 respondents, consisting of parents/caregivers of children 18 years and below from states affected by the lockdown. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Logistic regression analysis was done on mental health-related complaints (dependent variables), with participation in the radio/TV sessions, presence of computer at home, access to the internet, and income-level of parents as independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: The median age of respondents was 38 years (with an interquartile range of 9); 155 (59.7%) were females, 239 (91.9%) married, 167 (64.2%) had tertiary education, 83 (31.9%) were low-income earners, 202 (77.7%) had computer devices at home, 243 (93.5%) had internet access at home. Logistic regression revealed that children who participated in the radio/TV sessions were more likely to complain of being bored; and children without internet access at home were more likely to complain of being unhappy, express anxiety/fear and show signs of stress. However, 113 (43.4%) agreed their children learnt a new skill, and 159 (61.1%) agreed there was increased family bonding during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Conclusion: The pandemic threatens the mental and social wellbeing of Nigerian children. Policymakers must put in place measures that address factors which increase the likelihood of mental and social health-related complaints among children by improving access to the internet, subsidizing costs and developing child-focused mental health services with new strategies to reach those already affected.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors for 3×3 Symmetric Matrices: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakar , Khraishi Tariq A.
Published: October 2020

Research problems are often modeled using sets of linear equations and presented as matrix equations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of those coupling matrices provide vital information about the dynamics/flow of the problems and so needs to be calculated accurately. Analytical solutions are advantageous over numerical solutions because numerical solutions are approximate in nature, whereas analytical solutions are exact. In many engineering problems, the dimension of the problem matrix is 3 and the matrix is symmetric. In this paper, the theory behind finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors for order 3×3 symmetric matrices is presented. This is followed by the development of analytical solutions for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, depending on patterns of the sparsity of the matrix. The developed solutions are tested against some examples with numerical solutions.
Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in Cameroon
Authors: Célestin Dabandata , Bille Ngalle Hermine , Armand Nsimi Mva , Zenabou Ndiang , Constant Likeng L. I. Ngue Bénoit- , Bell Joseph Martin
Published: October 2020

A study was conducted to assess genotype x environment interaction and also to determine stability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes for nine traits in Cameroon. Eight okra genotypes (including five parents of Cameroon and three exotics) were evaluated across three different locations (Dibang, Yagoua and Yaounde) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each plot consisted of three rows of six plants each. Genotype x environment interaction has been evaluated using SAS Software.  There was considerable variation for all traits studied among both genotypes and environments. Five different methods of stability analysis have been used for the comparison of the genotypes and also to determine the most suitable stability parameter of okra. The stability in relation to the characters is independent of the genotypes. A total correspondence (r=1) exist between the general mean and the Pi performance for characters such as 50 % flowering and the fruit peduncle length. For, the procedure of Lin and Binns appeared to be more of a genotype performance measure, rather than a stability measure. The Wricke’s and Shukla’s procedures of stability statistic showed the highest significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with the majority of the studied character. That makes these procedures equivalent for ranking purposes.
Impact of Thermal Power Pollution on Livestock: A Multivariate Analytical Interpretation from Confronting Social Ecology
Authors: Acharya S. K. , Quader Sk Wasaful , Ghosh Arindam , Haque Monirul , Mondal Kabita , Biswas Amitava
Published: October 2020

Thermal power stations are now considered as the foremost global concern as these are responsible to produce detrimental effects on the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impact so proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. In this study, the perception of certain(60)farmers in 5 villages of Kolaghat block of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India are recorded and analyzed on the basis of their knowledge and views about thermal power, environment and about their individual enterprises. There are 10 independent variables-ages (x1), education (x2), family Member (x3), income (x4), homestead land (x5), total Land (x6), land under Boroj (x7), input cost (x8), and livestock number (x9), distance of villages from Kolaghat Thermal Power Station (x10) and 1 dependable variables- 1) perceived impacts of Kolaghat Thermal Power Station on livestock(y3).It has been found that toxic elements and fly ash from Kolaghat Thermal Power Station have several consequences upon local environment, human, agriculture and livestock. It has also revealed that Kolaghat Thermal Power Station hampers the social ecology of the local areas. The study has further suggested several recommendations to cope with adverse environmental and ecological condition.
A Review of Nanofluids Synthesis, Factors Influencing Their Thermophysical Properties and Applications
Authors: Okello John A. , Mutuku Winifred N. , Oyem Anselm O.
Published: October 2020

Heat-generating equipment (such as transformers, computer microchips, car engines, nuclear reactors, etc.) requires an efficient cooling mechanism to safeguard them from thermal degradation and to enhance their life span. The use of Nanofluids as opposed to conventional heat transfer fluids in their cooling system is to ensure that they are properly cooled. Nanofluids display superior thermal properties and they are synthesized from nanosized materials such as metals ((Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Nickel (Ni), and Gold (Au)), metal oxides (( Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Cupric oxide (CuO), Magnesium oxide (MgO), Zinc oxide (ZnO), Silica (SiO2), Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3), and Titania  (TiO2)), metal carbide (such as Silicon carbide (SiC)), metal nitride  (such as Aluminium nitride (AIN)), or Carbon materials ((Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), diamond, and graphite)) suspended in base fluids (such as water, ethylene glycol, engine oil, transformer oil, vegetable oil, kerosene, toluene, etc.). The current review explores methods used in the synthesis of nanofluids (One-step method, Two-step method, Solvothermal/Hydrothermal process), factors influencing their thermophysical properties (Particle volume concentration, pH, particle size, particle shape, particle material, base fluid material, temperature, shear rate, and surfactants) and their applications (Heat transfer applications, automotive applications, biomedical applications, electronic applications, Nano-based microbial fuel cells, and Nano-based brake fluids).
Compound Handling Automation: An Error Proof Solution in Eliminating Mold Misprocessing
Authors: Padilla Ernani D. , Birog Emmanuel P.
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to identify and eliminate the weaknesses of the epoxy mold compound (EMC) thawing process that contributes to mold misprocessing occurrence such as wrong mold compound, under thawed or expired mold compound.

Creation of automation solutions addressing high risk areas such as barcoding of compound traceability, auto-locking system of thawing cabinet and thawing room access, automated map of compound status and upgrade of lot transaction system to link with EMC status and identity was implemented. Collectively this makes the process error proof from wrong judgement or negligence from human dependent activities.

The project was able to eliminate occurrence of possible mold misprocessing related to EMC thawing and serves as cost avoidance due to potential lots affected.
Preseptal Cellulitis: 13 Years Review in a Tertiary Hospital South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Apakama Akunne I. , Uzozie Chukwudi C. , Nnubia Chinasa A.
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To determine the epidemiology and management outcome of preseptal cellulitis seen at a tertiary eye hospital within a period of 13 years.

Materials and Methods: The case files of all patients seen with preseptal cellulitis from 2005 to 2017 were reviewed. The information obtained included the patients’ demography, presenting symptoms and signs, research, treatment, outcome, complications and follow-up.

Results: Of the 123 patients with preseptal cellulitis reported on the study, 66 were males and 57 females. In a range of 0 to 80 years old, the mean age was 19 years. The commonest predisposing factor was trauma (20.3%) followed by upper respiratory tract infection (11.4%).  Progression to orbital cellulitis was seen in 11.4% of the patients.

Conclusion: Preseptal cellulitis is not uncommon in adults as seen in previous studies. Trauma is now more common than sinusitis as a predisposing factor. Despite oral antibiotic therapy some cases may progress to orbital cellulitis.
Recent Progress in Artificial Muscles for Interactive Soft Robotics
Authors: Wang Jiangxin , Gao Dace , Lee Pooi See
Published: October 2020

Artificial muscles are the core components of the smart and interactive soft robotic systems, providing the capabilities in shape morphing, manipulation, and mobility. Intense research efforts in the development of artificial muscles are based on the dielectric elastomer actuators, pneumatic actuators, electrochemical actuators, soft magnetic actuators, and stimulus responsive polymers. Recent progress has presented artificial muscles with impressive specific power output exceeding that of the natural muscles, dexterous shape morphing behavior that can be programmed and reconfigured, and exceptional high maneuverability to traverse surfaces with obstacles and different textures. Here, a succinct and critical summary is provided on the materials and strategies that have contributed to the important advancement of the artificial muscles in recent research. On that basis, the exciting opportunities are discussed in the integration of soft electronic devices with artificial muscles to enable smart and interactive soft robotic systems.
Combinatorial Strategy for Studying Biochemical Pathways in Double Emulsion Templated Cell‐Sized Compartments
Authors: dos Santos Elena C. , Belluati Andrea , Necula Danut , Scherrer Dominik , Meyer Claire E. , Wehr Riccardo P. , Lörtscher Emanuel , Palivan Cornelia G. , Meier Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Cells rely upon producing enzymes at precise rates and stoichiometry for maximizing functionalities. The reasons for this optimal control are unknown, primarily because of the interconnectivity of the enzymatic cascade effects within multi‐step pathways. Here, an elegant strategy for studying such behavior, by controlling segregation/combination of enzymes/metabolites in synthetic cell‐sized compartments, while preserving vital cellular elements is presented. Therefore, compartments shaped into polymer GUVs are developed, producing via high‐precision double‐emulsion microfluidics that enable: i) tight control over the absolute and relative enzymatic contents inside the GUVs, reaching nearly 100% encapsulation and co‐encapsulation efficiencies, and ii) functional reconstitution of biopores and membrane proteins in the GUVs polymeric membrane, thus supporting in situ reactions. GUVs equipped with biopores/membrane proteins and loaded with one or more enzymes are arranged in a variety of combinations that allow the study of a three‐step cascade in multiple topologies. Due to the spatiotemporal control provided, optimum conditions for decreasing the accumulation of inhibitors are unveiled, and benefited from reactive intermediates to maximize the overall cascade efficiency in compartments. The non‐system‐specific feature of the novel strategy makes this system an ideal candidate for the development of new synthetic routes as well as for screening natural and more complex pathways.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with Maleimides: Synthesis of 1H‐Benzo[e]pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]imidazo[4,5‐g]isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐Diones and their Photophysical Studies
Authors: Shinde Vikki N. , Kanchan Roy Tapta , Jaspal Sonam , Nipate Dhananjay S. , Meena Neha , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Dalip , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2020

Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative annulation of 2‐aryl‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with maleimides is described. The reaction afforded 1H‐benzo[e]pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]imidazo[4,5‐g]isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐diones in high yields with wide range of functional group tolerance. The reaction proceeds through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation, followed by maleimide insertion and intramolecular cyclization. Photophysical properties of 1H‐benzo[e]pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]imidazo[4,5‐g]isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐diones were studied with UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and validated by quantum chemical calculations. All the annulated products showed large Stokes shift values with emission in the range of 530–618 nm, and moderate to high quantum yields.

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Lymphedema distichiasis syndrome may be caused by FOXC2 promoter‐enhancer dissociation and disruption of a topological associated domain
Authors: Wallis Mathew , Pope‐Couston Rachel , Mansour Julia , Amor David J. , Tang Paisu , Stock‐Myer Sharyn
Published: October 2020

Lymphedema distichiasis syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by lower limb lymphedema, distichiasis, and variable additional features. LDS is usually caused by heterozygous sequence variants in the FOXC2 gene located at 16q24, but in one previous instance LDS has resulted from a balanced reciprocal translocation with a breakpoint at 16q24, 120 kb distal to the FOXC2 gene suggesting a position effect. Here, we describe a second family with LDS caused by a translocation involving 16q24. The family were ascertained after detection of a paternally inherited balanced reciprocal translocation t(16;22)(q24;q13.1) in a pregnancy complicated by severe fetal hydrops. There was a past history of multiple miscarriages in the father's family, and a personal and family history of lymphedema and distichiasis, consistent with the diagnosis of LDS. Using whole genome amplified DNA from single sperm of the male proband, bead array analysis demonstrated that the FOXC2 gene was intact and the chromosome 16 breakpoint mapped to the same region 120Kb distal to the FOXC2 gene. This case highlights the clinical consequences that can arise from a translocation of genomic material without dosage imbalance, and that it is increasingly feasible to predict and characterize possible effects with improved access to molecular techniques.
Point‐of‐care lung ultrasound in the assessment of patients with COVID‐19: A tutorial
Authors: Cid Ximena , Wang Andrew , Heiberg Johan , Canty David , Royse Colin , Li Xiaoqiang , El‐Ansary Doa , Yang Yang , Haji Kavi , Haji Darsim , Denault Andre , Tivendale Lynda , Brooks Kyle , Hu Xiaobo , Royse Alistair
Published: October 2020

The adoption of point‐of‐care lung ultrasound for both suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients highlights the issues of accessibility to ultrasound training and equipment. Lung ultrasound is more sensitive than chest radiography in detecting viral pneumonitis and preferred over computed tomography for reasons including its portability, reduced healthcare worker exposure and repeatability. The main lung ultrasound findings in COVID‐19 patients are interstitial syndrome, irregular pleural line and subpleural consolidations. Consolidations are most likely found in critical patients in need of ventilatory support. Hence, lung ultrasound may be used to timely triage patients who may have evolving pneumonitis. Other respiratory pathology that may be detected by lung ultrasound includes pulmonary oedema, pneumothorax, consolidation and large effusion. A key barrier to incorporate lung ultrasound in the assessment of COVID‐19 patients is adequate decontamination of ultrasound equipment to avoid viral spread. This tutorial provides a practical method to learn lung ultrasound and a cost‐effective method of preventing contamination of ultrasound equipment and a practical method for performing and interpreting lung ultrasound.
autodE: Automated Calculation of Reaction Energy Profiles— Application to Organic and Organometallic Reactions
Authors: Young Tom A. , Silcock Joseph J. , Sterling Alistair J. , Duarte Fernanda
Published: October 2020

Calculating reaction energy profiles to aid in mechanistic elucidation has long been the domain of the expert computational chemist. Here, we introduceautodE(https://github.com/duartegroup/autodE), an open‐source Python package capable of locating transition states (TSs) and minima and delivering a full reaction energy profile from 1D or 2D chemical representations.autodEis broadly applicable to study organic and organometallic reaction classes, including addition, substitution, elimination, migratory insertion, oxidative addition, and reductive elimination; it accounts for conformational sampling of both minima and TSs and is compatible with many electronic structure packages. The general applicability ofautodEis demonstrated in complex multi‐step reactions, including cobalt‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation and an Ireland–Claisen rearrangement.
Reduction of π‐Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra‐Anion through Internal Li+ Coordination
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Zhu Yikun , Wei Zheng , Bergner John , Neiß Christian , Doloczki Susanne , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: October 2020

The chemical reduction of a π‐expanded polycyclic framework comprising a cyclooctatetraene moiety, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene, with lithium metal readily affords the corresponding tetra‐anion instead of the expected aromatic dianion. As revealed by X‐ray crystallography, the highly contorted tetra‐anion is stabilized by coordination of two internally bound Li+, while two external cations remain solvent separated. The variable‐temperature 7Li NMR spectra in THF confirm the presence of three types of Li+ ions and clearly differentiate internal binding, consistent with the crystal structure. Density‐functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of the highly charged tetra‐reduced carbanion is stabilized through Li+ coordination under the applied experimental conditions.
Rubber's dissipated energy quantification used in vibratory insulation and protection systems
Authors: Chiter Ammar
Published: October 2020

In vibratory protection and insulation systems, the major problem consist to choose suitable passive elements (spring, damper, others), which are inserted between the resonator and the exciter which have the role of preventing or reducing the transmission of dynamic forces. This work consists of characterizing a synthetic rubber (SR) sample of hollow circular shape (design requirement) by determining the coefficient of energy dissipation at an average ambient temperature of 20°C with a humidity of 25%. The mechanical load and discharge tests make it possible to draw hysteresis curves through which the dissipation coefficient will be determined, the load values is between 500 and 1000 N, with 30, 60, and 90 mm/min loading speeds and a number of cycles 2, 3, and 5, these values have been chosen so as not to cause the effect of cyclic hardening and softening and also to take into consideration, that the vibration limits movement at 3 cycles, which makes this test different from other tests such as fatigue. The processing of different curves, allows to determine energy dissipation coefficient of rubber specimen and also to examine its variation as a function of load, loading speed, and number of cycles; it is possible to determine other characteristics from this coefficient, such as, damping ratio, dynamic amplification factor, and so on, necessary to study efficiency of protection systems, design, and manufacture, based on the curve of transmissibility of dynamic forces to evaluate performance rubber conditions use.
Influence of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio and CO2 Concentration on Lipids Accumulation of Scenedesmus dimorphus for Bioenergy Production and CO2 Biofixation
Authors: Omar Faruque Mohammed , Ilyas Muhammad , Mozahar Hossain Mohammad , Abdur Razzak Shaikh
Published: October 2020

The potential of Scenedesmus dimorphus microalgae for CO2 biofixation and lipid biosynthesis for bioenergy applications was evaluated in this study. Batch experiments were conducted using synthetic tertiary municipal wastewater samples at several nitrogen to phosphorus (NP) ratios (1 : 1 to 8 : 1) and CO2 concentrations (∼0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% CO2 in supplied air). Scenedesmus dimorphus was cultivated for 25 days and the growth is highly dependent on the CO2 concentration and the NP ratio. An NP ratio of 2 : 1 produces a biomass yield of 733 mg/L when the microalga culture was supplied with air enriched with 2% CO2. The maximum CO2 biofixation rate of 49.6 mg L−1 d−1 is at an NP ratio of 8 : 1 with 4% CO2. A colorimetric technique depending on sulpho‐phospho‐vanillin (SPV) was utilized for the determination of the intracellular lipid content. The highest lipid content of 31.6% as the dry weight of the biomass is at an NP ratio of 1 : 1 and 6% CO2. These results indicate that supplementation of suitable CO2 with favorable NP ratio has a considerable effect on lipid accumulation in the microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus biomass.
Mapping the environmental and techno‐economic potential of biojet fuel production from biomass residues in Brazil
Authors: Cervi Walter Rossi , Lamparelli Rubens Augusto Camargo , Gallo Bruna Cristina , de Oliveira Bordonal Ricardo , Seabra Joaquim Eugênio Abel , Junginger Martin , van der Hilst Floor
Published: October 2020

This study assesses the environmental potential of crop residues and the techno‐economic potential of biojet fuel (BJF) production in Brazil. Different production routes are evaluated from two types of biomass residues (sugarcane straw and eucalyptus harvest residue), and four different technological pathways (alcohol to jet, Fischer–Tropsch, hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis). The environmental potential of biomass residues is determined utilizing spatio‐temporal projections of land‐use change in Brazil and by explicitly modeling the erosion risk and the soil organic carbon (SOC) balance spatially. The assessment of the techno‐economic potential of BJF production from the environmental potential of sugarcane straw (SCS) and eucalyptus harvest residues (EHRs) considers the BJF total costs, which result from a summation of biomass residue recovery costs, BJF conversion costs, and BJF transportation costs. These BJF total costs are compared with the range of fossil jet fuel prices at Brazilian airports to quantify the techno‐economic potential. The environmental potential of biomass residues varies from 70 Mt in 2015 to 102 Mt in 2030, with SCS being highly constrained by SOC, whereas EHRs are more constrained by the high erosion risk. These quantities can generate a techno‐economic BJF potential ranging from 0.45 EJ in 2015 (46 US$/GJ – 65 US$/GJ) to 0.67 EJ in 2030 (19 US$/GJ – 65 US$/GJ). In 2030, several BJF production routes can be competitive with fossil jet fuel prices. The northeast and southeast regions have the highest potential, especially in 2030. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.