bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Film Thickness of Dentin Desensitizing Agents on Full Crown Preparations: Influence of Product and Gravity
Authors: Bannister RD , Roudsari RV , Satterthwaite JD
Published: July 2014

Objective

To determine the thickness of resin layer formed when dentin desensitizing agents are applied to teeth prepared for full crown restorations.

Design

In vitro measurements of resin layer thickness.

Methods and Materials

Forty caries-free human premolar teeth were prepared as for a full metal-ceramic crown restoration with a retention groove placed mesiobuccally. Stratified allocation created five groups of eight teeth, which were treated with various desensitizing agents. Four teeth within each group were treated upright, and four were treated while inverted, resulting in a total of 10 experimental groups. Teeth were sectioned and resin layer thickness measured under an environmental scanning electron microscope at certain sites across the section.

Results

Analysis was carried out using three-way analysis of variance. On flat tooth surfaces, light-cured resins (Prime & Bond and Seal & Protect) formed layers of 16.2 ± 8.9 μm and 23.4 ± 10.6 μm, respectively. More concave sites had significantly thicker layers (p<0.05) than flat or convex sites. At the internal shoulder angle, mean thicknesses were 84.1 ± 27.8 μm and 104.3 ± 56.6 μm, respectively. At the retention groove, figures were 86.6 ± 3.13 μm and 136.2 ± 72.0 μm. Differences between these two resins were not significant (p>0.05). Light-cured resins formed significantly thicker layers on inverted samples at the occlusal indentation only (p=0.004), with a mean of 66.9 ± 21.6 μm; upright samples had a mean of 36.6 ± 12.4 μm. Self-activating resins (Pain-Free Desensitizer, Viva Sens, and Gluma Desensitizer) formed no consistent layers.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, light-cured resins consistently pooled in convex areas of crown preparations. A great portion of retention grooves can potentially become occluded by resin. The self-activating products tested did not form significant layers.
A Case of Galactosialidosis with Novel Mutations of the Protective Protein/Cathepsin A Gene: Diagnosis Prompted by Trophoblast Vacuolization on Placental Examination
Authors: Kostadinov Stefan , Shah Birju A. , Alroy Joseph , Phornphutkul Chanika
Published: July 2014

Galactosialidosis (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a combined deficiency of lysosomal β-galactosidase and neuraminidase as a result of a genetic defect in the protective protein/cathepsin A gene. We report a case of unsuspected fetal galactosialidosis presenting as severe intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios prenatally and as hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the immediate postnatal period. Placental pathology examination showed striking vacuolations of the villous syncytiotrophoblast, extravillous trophoblast, and villous Hofbauer cells. Electron microscopy revealed numerous membrane-bound electron-lucent lysosomes, mainly within the syncytiotrophoblast. The characteristic histologic and ultrastructural placental findings prompted biochemical and molecular genetic testing for fetal storage disease. Enzyme activity of β-galactosidase was decreased in leukocytes and fibroblasts. Sialic acid content was elevated. Molecular genetic studies revealed 3 variants—c.108, 110delGCT(L37del), c.1045T>A (C349S), and c.1321C>T(R441C)—of the cathepsin A gene, the latter 2 of which have not been previously reported. These findings are consistent with galactosialidosis. We emphasize the importance of following the accepted practice guideline for the examination of the placenta in discovering unsuspected fetal metabolic disorders.
Evaluation of factors associated with work-related injuries to veterinary technicians certified in Minnesota
Authors: Nordgren Leslie D. , Gerberich Susan G. , Alexander Bruce H. , Church Timothy R. , Bender Jeff B. , Ryan Andrew D.
Published: July 2014

Objective—To evaluate the magnitude and consequences of work-related injuries and associated factors among veterinary technicians certified in Minnesota.

Design—Cross-sectional survey.

Sample—1,427 certified veterinary technicians (CVTs).

Procedures—Surveys were used to collect data on demographics, personal characteristics, injury occurrences in the 12 months prior to survey completion, and injury consequences. Annual injury rates were estimated on the basis of demographic and work-related characteristics. Risk of injury associated with various factors was estimated by calculation of incidence rate ratios, controlling for multiple factors.

Results—465 of 873 eligible CVTs reported 1,827 injury events (total and bite injury rates, 237 and 78 injuries/100 persons/y). Primary injury sources were cats and dogs, and most injuries occurred during animal restraint or treatment. Self-reported most severe injuries involved bites; cuts, lacerations, or scratches; bruises or contusions; and abrasions. Injury consequences included treatment and restricted work activity. Risk of work-related injury was lower for CVTs who worked < 40 h/wk than for those who worked ≥ 40 h/wk. The risk was higher for CVTs working in small animal or mixed mostly small animal facilities and lower for those working in mixed large and small animal facilities, commercial or industry operations, and government or regulatory facilities, compared with CVTs in colleges or universities. Handling 4 to > 6 (vs < 4) animal species during the 12 months prior to the survey and belief that injuries are not preventable were also associated with higher risk of injury.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Several factors associated with the risk of work-related injury among CVTs were identified. Beyond these risk factors, investigation of additional exposures is integral to relevant intervention strategies.
Evaluation of risk and protective factors for work-related bite injuries to veterinary technicians certified in Minnesota
Authors: Nordgren Leslie D. , Gerberich Susan G. , Alexander Bruce H. , Church Timothy R. , Bender Jeff B. , Ryan Andrew D.
Published: July 2014

Objective—To identify risk and protective factors for work-related bite injuries among veterinary technicians certified in Minnesota.

Design—Nested case-control study.

Sample—868 certified veterinary technicians (CVTs).

Procedures—A questionnaire was mailed to CVTs who previously participated in a survey regarding work-related injuries and did (cases; 301 surveys sent) or did not (controls; 567) report qualifying work-related animal bite injuries in the preceding 12 months. Descriptive statistics were summarized. Demographic and work-related variables for the month preceding the bite injury (for cases) or a randomly selected month (controls) were assessed with univariate analysis (489 CVTs) and multivariate analysis of a subset of 337 CVTs who worked in small or mixed mostly small animal facilities.

Results—Responses were received from 176 case and 313 control CVTs. For the subset of 337 CVTs, risk of bite injury was higher for those < 25 years of age (OR, 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84 to 7.94) than for those ≥ 35 years of age, for those who had worked < 5 years (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.63 to 6.45) versus ≥ 10 years in any veterinary facility, and for those who handled ≥ 5 species/d (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.74) versus < 3 species/d. Risk was lower for CVTs who handled < 10 versus ≥ 20 animals/d (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.71).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Several work-related factors were associated with the risk of work-related bite injury to CVTs. These findings may serve as a basis for development of intervention efforts and future research regarding work-related injuries among veterinary staff.
Band head spin assignment of Tl isotopes of superdeformed rotational bands
Authors: Goel Alpana , Nair Uma , Yadav Archana
Published: July 2014

The Variable Moment of Inertia (VMI) model is proposed for the assignment of band head spin of super deformed (SD) rotational bands, which in turn is helpful in the spin prediction of SD bands. The moment of inertia and stiffness parameter (C), were calculated by fitting the proposed transition energies. The calculated transition energies are highly dependent on the prescribed spins. The calculated and observed transition energies agree well when an accurate band head spin (I
0) is assigned. The results are in good agreement with other theoretical results reported in literature. In this paper, we have reported the band head spin value 16 rotational band of super deformed Tl isotopes.
Wide acquired arteriovenous fistula between main renal artery and interlobar vein treated with nephrectomy
Authors: Naumovic Radomir , Pejcic Tomislav , Cinara Ilias , Català Jordi , Moysset Irene , Jimeno Myreia
Published: July 2014

A case of renal arteriovenous fistula between the main renal artery and interlobar vein diagnosed 25 years after percutaneous renal biopsy was presented. A 62-year-old female was referred to a urologist with dilatation of the left renal pyelocalyceal system diagnosed after abdominal ultrasonography, while intravenous urography did not confirm that finding. Historically, she underwent renal biopsy 25 years ago without any complication. Her hypertension was well controlled during the last 10 years, although three antihypertensive drugs with occasional additional diuretics were necessary during the last 6 months. Color Duplex Ultrasonography, arteriography and Multi-Slice Computed Tomography revealed the presence of renal arteriovenous fistula between the main renal artery and interlobar vein, as well as severe dilatation of all interlobar veins, renal, ovarian and adrenal vein on the left side. Urological and vascular surgeons operated to ligate the fistula and preserve the kidney. However, it was not possible to reach the fistula inside the kidney and nephrectomy was performed.
Risk factors in venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients
Authors: Hotoleanu Cristina , Andercou Aurel
Published: July 2014

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes considerable morbidity and mortality. About half of all VTE cases in adults are related to recent hospitalization, in spite of the clinical guidelines regarding prophylaxis. We aimed to assess the frequency and the independent risk factors in VTE in hospitalized patients, and to compare the risk factors in medical versus surgical cases. A case-control study consisting of 732 patients (382 with VTE and 350 controls) was designed. At least one risk factor was found in 90.31% of VTE cases; more than half of the patients presented multiple risk factors, associated with a double risk comparatively to the intervention of only one factor. A similar distribution of the risk factors was found in both medical and surgical patients, except for congestive cardiac failure (predominant in medical cases) and respectively, varicose veins, previous episode of VTE and cancer (predominant in surgical VTE patients). The independent risk factors in VTE were the following: previous episode of VTE, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive cardiac failure, varicose veins and cancer. The study shows the importance of the risk factors in VTE and the need to detect hospitalized patients at risk in both medical and surgical cases.
Artificial neural networks approach to early lung cancer detection
Authors: Goryński Krzysztof , Safian Izabela , Grądzki Włodzimierz , Marszałł Michał , Krysiński Jerzy , Goryński Sławomir , Bitner Anna , Romaszko Jerzy , Buciński Adam
Published: July 2014

Lung cancer is rated with the highest incidence and mortality every year compared with other forms of cancer, therefore early detection and diagnosis is essential. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are “artificial intelligence” software which have been used to assess a few prognostic situations. In this study, a database containing 193 patients from Diagnostic and Monitoring of Tuberculosis and Illness of Lungs Ward in Kuyavia and Pomerania Centre of the Pulmonology (Bydgoszcz, Poland) was analysed using ANNs. Each patient was described using 48 factors (i.e. age, sex, data of patient history, results from medical examinations etc.) and, as an output value, the expected presence of lung cancer was established. All 48 features were retrospectively collected and the database was divided into a training set (n=97), testing set (n=48) and a validating set (n=48). The best prediction score of the ANN model (MLP 48-9-2) was above 0.99 of the area under a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The ANNs were able to correctly classify 47 out of 48 test cases. These data suggest that Artificial Neural Networks can be used in prognosis of lung cancer and could help the physician in diagnosis of patients with the suspicion of lung cancer.
Increased oxidative stress status in rat serum after five minutes treadmill exercise
Authors: Trofin Florin-Petrut , Ciobica Alin , Cojocaru Dumitru , Chirazi Marin , Honceriu Cezar , Trofin Laurentiu , Serban Dragomir , Timofte Daniel , Cojocaru Sabina , Anton Emil
Published: July 2014

Although it is accepted that an important correlation exists between the physical exercise and the oxidative stress status, the data regarding the levels of the main oxidative stress markers after physical training have been difficult to interpret and a subject of many controversies. There are also very few studies regarding the effects of short-time exercise on the oxidative stress status modifications. Thus, in the present report we were interested in studying the modifications of some oxidative stress markers (two antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, a lipid peroxidation parameter — malondyaldehide, the total antioxidant status and protein carbonyl levels), from the serum of rats that were subject to one bout of five minutes exercise on a treadmill, when compared to a control sedentary group. In this way, we observed a decrease of superoxide dismutase specific activity in the rats which performed the exercises. Still, no modifications of glutathione peroxidase specific activity were found between groups. In addition, increased levels of malondyaldehide and protein carbonyls were observed in the rats subjected to exercises. In conclusion, our data provides new evidence regarding the increase of the oxidative stress status, as a result of a 5-minutes bout of treadmill exercising in rats, expressed through a decrease in the SOD specific activity and the total antioxidant status and also an increase of the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation processes.
Association between Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection
Authors: Ángeles Valcárcel-García M , Aliste-Santos Carlos , González-Quintela Arturo , Díaz-Peromingo José
Published: July 2014

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis that affects typically young women causing fever and painful laterocervical lymphadenopathy. The etiology is unknown, but several viral infections and autoimmune diseases have been related with the disease. Bacterial infections are less frequent. Diagnosis needs for excisional lymph node biopsy that shows paracortical areas of coagulative necrosis with abundant debris, distortion of the nodal architecture, and a large amount of histiocytes at the margins of the necrotic areas. There is no specific treatment for the disease. We present the case of a young woman with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease associated with lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae and review the literature.
Diagnosis of paediatric airway foreign body: is it easy?
Authors: Rybojad Beata , Niedzielska Grażyna , Rudnicka-Drożak Ewa
Published: July 2014

Foreign-body aspiration in children results in diagnostic problems, mainly because of nonspecific signs. Therefore, in this study, we placed particular stress on false-positive and -negative predictors. Charts of 139 consecutive paediatric patients aged 6.0 months to 15.5 years who underwent bronchoscopy for a suspected foreign body aspiration were analysed retrospectively. A foreign body was found in 95 cases (68%). The anamnesis was positive in 91%. Cough was the most common clinical symptom (91%) with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 23%, respectively. There were no significant correlations between clinical symptoms and the locations of foreign bodies. The majority of focal hyperinflation (24%) and atelectasis (15%) were seen in chest radiographs, with a sensitivity and specificity of 33% and 89% (hyperinflation) and 15% and 82% (atelectasis), respectively. Chest X-rays were normal in 46 cases; however, an object was removed in 25. Persistent infiltrates were present in 14 X-rays, and a foreign body was extracted during bronchoscopy in 4. A highly significant correlation between the type of foreign body and radiological signs was noted (p = 0.00001). Anamnesis, clinical symptoms, and radiological findings are helpful in confirming aspiration, but can be misleading. Chronic or recurrent pneumonia should prompt further bronchoscopic diagnosis.
Visceral fat versus subcutaneous fat: comparison of their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shrestha OK , Shrestha GL
Published: July 2014

To compare abdominal visceral fat with subcutaneous fat in relation to their association with type 2 diabetes. Abdominal fat distribution was measured using Computed Tomography in 60 subjects (30 diabetics and 30 non-diabetics). Computed tomography images obtained at two intervertebral locations L2-L3 and L4-L5 were used to measure areas of total fat, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat using slice thickness of 5mm and attenuation range of -190 to -30 Hounsfield units. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. At L2-L3 level, taking visceral fat and subcutaneous fat as predictor variables, diabetes was correctly classified at 78.0% and 66.10% respectively. At L4-L5 level, taking visceral fat and subcutaneous fat as predictor variables, diabetes was correctly classified at 72.88% and 67.80% respectively. Regardless of the measurement site, visceral fat has significantly stronger association with diabetes, compared to subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat at L2-L3 level alone may be a better predictor of diabetes. Abdominal fat distribution, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, type 2 diabetes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10853 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 9-12
Wilson's disease: A rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism
Authors: Pradhan RR , Gupta J
Published: July 2014

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, a membrane-bound copper-transporting ATPase. Clinical manifestations are caused by copper toxicity and primarily involve the liver, the brain and the eye. Because effective treatment is available, it is important to make this diagnosis early. We report a patient who developed features of neurological and ocular manifestations: incoordination and tremor and blurring of vision with presence of Kayser-Fleischer ring circling the cornea but no signs of hepatic dysfunction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10866 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 51-54
Medical teacher can act as a best researcher
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal
Published: July 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10868 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 58
A Romanianist’s perspective on 1989
Authors: Verdery Katherine
Published: July 2014

Like other area specialists, I was astonished when, in the spring of 1989, the Hungarians took down the barbed wire separating them from Austria and the Poles elected the first non-communist prime minister, without arousing repercussions from the Soviet Union. I followed with amazement the news of what was happening in East Germany in late summer and fall—the hoards of people camping out in embassies, the ever-larger demonstrations in Leipzig.
The urban public sector as commons
Authors: Collins Jane
Published: July 2014

Susser and Tonnelat’s article on the three urban
commons is both visionary and heartening. Its
counterpastoral polemic glorifies urban modes
of sociality and the forms of common property
fostered by urban life. The authors find in cities
communities of experience that cross class lines
and create inadvertent coalitions around shared
problems. They argue that specific components
of what has been called “the right to the city”
need to be understood as “commons”—collective
property that is neither fully public nor private
but shared by individuals as they go about
everyday life in urban settings.
Spectral-Kinetic Coupling and Effect of Microfield Rotation on Stark Broadening in Plasmas
Authors: Demura Alexander , Stambulchik Evgeny
Published: July 2014

The study deals with two conceptual problems in the theory of Stark broadening by plasmas. One problem is the assumption of the density matrix diagonality in the calculation of spectral line profiles. This assumption is closely related to the definition of zero wave functions basis within which the density matrix is assumed to be diagonal, and obviously violated under the basis change. A consistent use of density matrix in the theoretical scheme inevitably leads to interdependence of atomic kinetics, describing the population of atomic states with the Stark profiles of spectral lines, i.e., to spectral-kinetic coupling. The other problem is connected with the study of the influence of microfield fluctuations on Stark profiles. Here the main results of the perturbative approach to ion dynamics, called the theory of thermal corrections (TTC), are presented, within which the main contribution to effects of ion dynamics is due to microfield fluctuations caused by rotations. In the present study the qualitative behavior of the Stark profiles in the line center within predictions of TTC is confirmed, using non-perturbative computer simulations.
The Distribution and Identity of Edaphic Fungi in the McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Dreesens Lisa , Lee Charles , Cary S.
Published: July 2014

Contrary to earlier assumptions, molecular evidence has demonstrated the presence of diverse and localized soil bacterial communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Meanwhile, it remains unclear whether fungal signals so far detected in Dry Valley soils using both culture-based and molecular techniques represent adapted and ecologically active biomass or spores transported by wind. Through a systematic and quantitative molecular survey, we identified significant heterogeneities in soil fungal communities across the Dry Valleys that robustly correlate with heterogeneities in soil physicochemical properties. Community fingerprinting analysis and 454 pyrosequencing of the fungal ribosomal intergenic spacer region revealed different levels of heterogeneity in fungal diversity within individual Dry Valleys and a surprising abundance of Chytridiomycota species, whereas previous studies suggested that Dry Valley soils were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Critically, we identified significant differences in fungal community composition and structure of adjacent sites with no obvious barrier to aeolian transport between them. These findings suggest that edaphic fungi of the Antarctic Dry Valleys are adapted to local environments and represent an ecologically relevant (and possibly important) heterotrophic component of the ecosystem.
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Ferroceneboronic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Wang Baozhen , Takahashi Shigehiro , Du Xiaoyan , Anzai Jun-ichi
Published: July 2014

We review recent progress in the development of electrochemical biosensors based on ferroceneboronic acid (FcBA) and ferrocene (Fc)-modified boronic acids. These compounds can be used to construct electrochemical biosensors because they consist of a binding site (i.e., a boronic acid moiety) and an electrochemically active part (i.e., an Fc residue). By taking advantage of the unique properties of FcBA and its derivatives, electrochemical sensors sensitive to sugars, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fluoride (F−) ions, and so forth have been widely studied. FcBA-based sugar sensors rely on the selective binding of FcBA to 1,2- or 1,3-diol residues of sugars through the formation of cyclic boronate ester bonds. The redox properties of FcBA-sugar adduct differ from those of free FcBA, which forms the basis of the electrochemical determination of sugars. Thus, non-enzymatic glucose sensors are now being actively studied using FcBA and Fc-modified boronic acids as redox markers. Using a similar principle, HbA1c can be detected by FcBA-based electrochemical systems because it contains hydrocarbon chains on the polypeptide chain. HbA1c sensors are useful for monitoring blood glucose levels over the preceding 8–12 weeks. In addition, FcBA and Fc-modified boronic acids have been used for the detection of F− ions due to the selective binding of boronic acid to F− ions. F−-ion sensors may be useful alternatives to conventional ion-selective electrodes sensitive to F− ion. Furthermore, FcBA derivatives have been studied to construct lectin; steroids; nucleotides; salicylic acid; and bacteria sensors. One of the limitations of FcBA-based sensors comes from the fact that FcBA derivatives are added in sample solutions as reagents. FcBA derivatives should be immobilized on the surface of electrodes for developing reagentless sensors.
A Longitudinal Study of Decomposition Odour in Soil Using Sorbent Tubes and Solid Phase Microextraction
Authors: Perrault Katelynn , Stuart Barbara , Forbes Shari
Published: July 2014

Odour profiling of decomposed remains is important for understanding the mechanisms that cadaver dogs and forensically-relevant insects use to locate decomposed remains. The decomposition odour profile is complex and has been documented in outdoor terrestrial environments. The purpose of this study was to perform longitudinal analysis of the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile in soils associated with decomposed remains across all stages of decomposition. Two VOC collection techniques (sorbent tubes and solid phase microextraction) were used to collect a wider analyte range and to investigate differences in collection techniques. Pig carcasses were placed in an outdoor research facility in Australia to model the decomposition process and VOCs were collected intermittently over two months. VOCs of interest were identified over the duration of the trial, showing distinct trends in compound evolution and disappearance. The collection techniques were complementary, representing different subsets of VOCs from the overall profile. Sorbent tubes collected more decomposition-specific VOCs and these compounds were more effective at characterising the matrix over an extended period. Using both collection techniques improves the likelihood of identifying the complete VOC profile of decomposition odour. Such information is important for the search and recovery of victim remains in various stages of decomposition.
Comparative Evaluation of Urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2: ERG Scores and Serum PHI in Predicting Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness
Authors: Tallon Lucile , Luangphakdy Devillier , Ruffion Alain , Colombel Marc , Devonec Marian , Champetier Denis , Paparel Philippe , Decaussin-Petrucci Myriam , Perrin Paul , Vlaeminck-Guillem Virginie
Published: July 2014

It has been suggested that urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion tests and serum PHI correlate to cancer aggressiveness-related pathological criteria at prostatectomy. To evaluate and compare their ability in predicting prostate cancer aggressiveness, PHI and urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG (T2) scores were assessed in 154 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for biopsy-proven prostate cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression and decision curve analyses were performed. All three markers were predictors of a tumor volume ≥0.5 mL. Only PHI predicted Gleason score ≥7. T2 score and PHI were both independent predictors of extracapsular extension (≥pT3), while multifocality was only predicted by PCA3 score. Moreover, when compared to a base model (age, digital rectal examination, serum PSA, and Gleason sum at biopsy), the addition of both PCA3 score and PHI to the base model induced a significant increase (+12%) when predicting tumor volume >0.5 mL. PHI and urinary PCA3 and T2 scores can be considered as complementary predictors of cancer aggressiveness at prostatectomy.
TCF2 Attenuates FFA-Induced Damage in Islet β-Cells by Regulating Production of Insulin and ROS
Authors: Quan Xiaojuan , Zhang Lin , Li Yingna , Liang Chunlian
Published: July 2014

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are cytotoxic to pancreatic islet β-cells and play a crucial role in the diabetes disease process. A recent study revealed a down-regulation of transcription factor 2 (TCF2) levels during FFA-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells. However, its function during this process and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, treatment with palmitic acid (PA) at high levels (400 and 800 μM) decreased β-cell viability and TCF2 protein expression, along with the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Western and RT-PCR analysis confirmed the positive regulatory effect of TCF2 on GSIS through promotion of the key regulators pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in β-cells. In addition, both PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK showed decreased expression in PA (800 μM)-treated β-cells. Overexpression of TCF2 could effectively restore the inhibitory effect of PA on the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK as well as β-cell viability, simultaneously, inhibited PA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. After blocking the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signals with their specific inhibitor, the effect of overexpressed TCF2 on β-cell viability and ROS production was obviously attenuated. Furthermore, a protective effect of TCF2 on GSIS by positive modulation of JNK-PDX1/GLUT2 signaling was also confirmed. Accordingly, our study has confirmed that TCF2 positively modulates insulin secretion and further inhibits ROS generation via the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Our work may provide a new therapeutic target to achieve prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Confronting Passive and Active Sensors with Non-Gaussian Statistics
Authors: Rodríguez-Gonzálvez Pablo , Garcia-Gago Jesús , Gomez-Lahoz Javier , González-Aguilera Diego
Published: July 2014

This paper has two motivations: firstly, to compare the Digital Surface Models (DSM) derived by passive (digital camera) and by active (terrestrial laser scanner) remote sensing systems when applied to specific architectural objects, and secondly, to test how well the Gaussian classic statistics, with its Least Squares principle, adapts to data sets where asymmetrical gross errors may appear and whether this approach should be changed for a non-parametric one. The field of geomatic technology automation is immersed in a high demanding competition in which any innovation by one of the contenders immediately challenges the opponents to propose a better improvement. Nowadays, we seem to be witnessing an improvement of terrestrial photogrammetry and its integration with computer vision to overcome the performance limitations of laser scanning methods. Through this contribution some of the issues of this “technological race” are examined from the point of view of photogrammetry. A new software is introduced and an experimental test is designed, performed and assessed to try to cast some light on this thrilling match. For the case considered in this study, the results show good agreement between both sensors, despite considerable asymmetry. This asymmetry suggests that the standard Normal parameters are not adequate to assess this type of data, especially when accuracy is of importance. In this case, standard deviation fails to provide a good estimation of the results, whereas the results obtained for the Median Absolute Deviation and for the Biweight Midvariance are more appropriate measures.
Dependence of the Contact Resistance on the Design of Stranded Conductors
Authors: Zeroukhi Youcef , Napieralska-Juszczak Ewa , Vega Guillaume , Komeza Krzysztof , Morganti Fabrice , Wiak Slawomir
Published: July 2014

During the manufacturing process multi-strand conductors are subject to compressive force and rotation moments. The current distribution in the multi-strand conductors is not uniform and is controlled by the transverse resistivity. This is mainly determined by the contact resistance at the strand crossovers and inter-strand contact resistance. The surface layer properties, and in particular the crystalline structure and degree of oxidation, are key parameters in determining the transverse resistivity. The experimental set-ups made it possible to find the dependence of contact resistivity as a function of continuous working stresses and cable design. A study based on measurements and numerical simulation is made to identify the contact resistivity functions.
Identification of Cis-Acting Elements on Positive-Strand Subgenomic mRNA Required for the Synthesis of Negative-Strand Counterpart in Bovine Coronavirus
Authors: Yeh Po-Yuan , Wu Hung-Yi
Published: July 2014

It has been demonstrated that, in addition to genomic RNA, sgmRNA is able to serve as a template for the synthesis of the negative-strand [(−)-strand] complement. However, the cis-acting elements on the positive-strand [(+)-strand] sgmRNA required for (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis have not yet been systematically identified. In this study, we employed real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to analyze the cis-acting elements on bovine coronavirus (BCoV) sgmRNA 7 required for the synthesis of its (−)-strand counterpart by deletion mutagenesis. The major findings are as follows. (1) Deletion of the 5'-terminal leader sequence on sgmRNA 7 decreased the synthesis of the (−)-strand sgmRNA complement. (2) Deletions of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) bulged stem-loop showed no effect on (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis; however, deletion of the 3' UTR pseudoknot decreased the yield of (−)-strand sgmRNA. (3) Nucleotides positioned from −15 to −34 of the sgmRNA 7 3'-terminal region are required for efficient (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis. (4) Nucleotide species at the 3'-most position (−1) of sgmRNA 7 is correlated to the efficiency of (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis. These results together suggest, in principle, that the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences on sgmRNA 7 harbor cis-acting elements are critical for efficient (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis in BCoV.
Taking over someone else's e-learning design: challenges trigger change in e-learning beliefs and practices
Authors: Scott Karen M.
Published: July 2014

As universities invest in the development of e-learning resources, e-learning sustainability has come under consideration. This has largely focused on the challenges and facilitators of organisational and technological sustainability and scalability, and professional development. Little research has examined the experience of a teacher dealing with e-learning sustainability when taking over a course with an e-learning resource and associated assessment. This research focuses on a teacher who was inexperienced with e-learning technology, yet took over a blended unit of study with an e-learning resource that accounted for one-fifth of the subject assessment and was directed towards academic skills development relevant to the degree program. Taking a longitudinal approach, this research examines the challenges faced by the new teacher and the way she changed the e-learning resource and its implementation over two years. A focus of the research is the way the teacher's reflections on the challenges and changes provided an opportunity and stimulus for change in her e-learning beliefs and practices. This research has implications for the way universities support teachers taking over another teacher's e-learning resource, the need for explicit documentation of underpinning beliefs and structured handover, the benefit of teamwork in developing e-learning resources, and provision of on-going support.Keywords: e-learning sustainability; e-learning beliefs and practices; reflection; longitudinal research(Published: 30 July 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 23362 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.23362
Convergent synthetic methodology for the construction of self-adjuvanting lipopeptide vaccines using a novel carbohydrate scaffold
Authors: Fagan Vincent , Toth Istvan , Simerska Pavla
Published: July 2014

A novel convergent synthetic strategy for the construction of multicomponent self-adjuvanting lipopeptide vaccines was developed. A tetraalkyne-functionalized glucose derivative and lipidated Fmoc-lysine were prepared by novel efficient and convenient syntheses. The carbohydrate building block was coupled to the self-adjuvanting lipidic moiety (three lipidated Fmoc-lysines) on solid support. Four copies of a group A streptococcal B cell epitope (J8) were then conjugated to the glyco-lipopeptide using a copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. The approach was elaborated by the preparation of a second vaccine candidate which incorporated an additional promiscuous T-helper epitope.
Real-Time Dynamic Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations During Microcoaxial Phacoemulsification Using Different Aspiration Flow Rates and Their Impact on Early Postoperative Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vasavada Vaishali , Raj Shetal M. , Praveen Mamidipudi R. , Vasavada Abhay R. , Henderson Bonnie A. , Asnani Priyadarshi K.
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To compare the impact of varying fluidic parameters on intraoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and postoperative outcomes.

METHODS:

Prospective randomized study of 80 eyes undergoing cataract surgery that were randomly assigned to low (aspiration flow rate: 20 cc/min; bottle height: 90 cm; vacuum: 400 mm Hg) and high (aspiration flow rate: 40 cc/min; bottle height: 110 cm; vacuum: 400 mm Hg) fluidic parameter groups. Real-time dynamic intraoperative IOP was measured during nuclear fragment removal. Mean maximum and minimum IOP and percentage reduction in IOP from maximum were compared between groups. Postoperatively, the rate of change in central corneal thickness and anterior chamber inflammation at days 1 and 7, endothelial cell density at 3 months, and corneal clarity on day 1 were compared.

RESULTS:

Minimum IOP in the low and high parameters groups was 35 ± 4.0 and 34.5 ± 6.8 mm Hg, respectively. Maximum IOP in the low and high parameters groups was 69 ± 3.0 and 85 ± 1.2 mm Hg, respectively (
P
< .002). Mean percent reduction from maximum was 59% in the high parameters group compared to 41% in the low parameters group, with the difference being statistically significant (
P
< .002). Rate of change in central corneal thickness was greater in the high parameters group at postoperative days 1 and 7 (
P
< .001). Anterior chamber inflammation and corneal clarity on the first postoperative day were significantly better in the low parameters group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher aspiration flow rate and bottle heights are associated with high intraoperative IOPs of up to 85 mm Hg. Prolonged elevated IOP during cataract surgery was found to have more anterior segment inflammation and more edematous corneas.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(8):534–540.]
Topical Cyclosporine A Treatment in Corneal Refractive Surgery and Patients With Dry Eye
Authors: Torricelli Andre A. M. , Santhiago Marcony R. , Wilson Steven E.
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To evaluate preoperative and postoperative dry eye and the effect of cyclosporine A treatment in patients screened for corneal refractive surgery and treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK.

METHODS:

A consecutive case series of 1,056 patients screened for corneal refractive surgery from 2007 to 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. The level of preoperative and postoperative dry eye and the responsiveness to topical cyclosporine A treatment were assessed.

RESULTS:

One eye of each patient was randomly selected. A total of 642 eyes progressed to surgery: 524 (81.6%) and 118 (18.4%) underwent LASIK and PRK, respectively. Of 81 (7.7%) diagnosed as having dry eye, 55 were deemed potential candidates and optimized for refractive surgery. Thirty-seven patients with moderate dry eye were treated with topical cyclosporine A prior to surgery (mean duration: 3.2 ± 2.1 months; range: 1 to 12 months). After cyclosporine A treatment, 28 (75.7%) eyes underwent LASIK, 4 (10.8%) eyes underwent PRK, and 5 (13.5%) eyes were not operated on due to failed treatment of dry eye. Postoperative refractive surgery-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy (LINE in LASIK) was noted in 132 (27.3%) and 12 (11.1%) eyes that underwent LASIK and PRK, respectively. Topical cyclosporine A was prescribed in 79 LASIK-induced and 3 PRK-induced dry eyes. After 12 months or more of cyclosporine A treatment, 5 (6.1%) eyes continued to have dry eye symptoms or signs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Topical cyclosporine A treatment is effective therapy for optimizing patients for refractive surgery and treatment of new onset or worsened dry eye after surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(8):558–564.]
The Core Vision of Person-Centred Care in a Modern Information-Based Society
Authors: Rigby Michael
Published: July 2014

This chapter introduces Integrated Care not only as a new fashion but also as a return to the core care delivery philosophy promoted by Hippocrates. The first section introduces the modern drivers—economic, consumerist, resource-bounded, and demographic—which necessitate a change in the professional provider and dependent receiver care model of recent centuries and make Integrated Care an attractive goal. The next section returns to healthcare's ethical origins, pointing out that Hippocrates advocated holistic treatment of the whole person, not fragmentation by disease or specialty. It then examines the new enabler—modern Information and Telecommunications Technologies (ICT)—which can achieve unification of expertise-based fragmentation. The final section urges the need to move forward positively but carefully, as the key to success lies with the social science domain, ranging from new business models to new ethical and consent frameworks, and it details the research needed to ensure that services and technologies match user needs while being applied in a way that allays user concerns. The chapter concludes by emphasising that progress towards ICT-enabled Integrated Care will be a continuous developmental process.
Implementing and Scaling up Integrated Care through Collaboration
Authors: Crooks George , Henderson Donna
Published: July 2014

Across the developed world, the majority of health and care systems are looking towards the integration of services within and across organisations to deliver efficiencies and enhance effectiveness and, by doing so, deliver service sustainability in an increasingly challenging environment, while a simple aspiration to articulate in reality the delivery of integrated care is proving challenging and in some cases elusive. In 2012, the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing's B3 Integrated Care Action Group carried out a high-level survey of 27 B3 Action Group members from regions and delivery organisations across Europe to determine their state of readiness for the delivery of integrated care services. This chapter highlights the common bottlenecks and barriers identified, before moving on to explore the key components that support the successful integration of services, including incentives/levers for change and technology-enabled service solutions.
Informatics and Socio-Technical Challenges when Designing Solutions for Integrated eCare
Authors: Koch Sabine , Hägglund Maria , Scandurra Isabella
Published: July 2014

The central role of eHealth to enable the successful implementation of integrated care is commonly acknowledged today. This is easier said than done. To provide correct, understandable, and timely information at the point of need and to facilitate communication and decision support for a network of actors with different prerequisites and needs are some of the big challenges of integrated care. This book chapter focuses on the specific challenges related to informatics and socio-technical issues when designing solutions for integrated eCare. Methods for requirements elicitation, evaluation, and system development using user-centred design in collaborative environments involving a variety of stakeholders are presented. Case studies in homecare of older patients, in the care of stroke patients, and regarding citizen eHealth services in general illustrate the application of these methods. Possible solutions and pitfalls are discussed based on the experiences drawn from the case studies. To address the main informatics and socio-technical challenges in integrated eCare, namely informatics-supported collaborative work and to provide coordinated continuity for the patient, top-down activities such as health informatics standardisation, and bottom-up activities resulting in the definition of concrete patient journey descriptions, interaction points, information needs (that can be transformed into standardised data sets), as well as visualisation and interaction patterns need to go hand in hand.
The Development of BelRAI, a Web Application for Sharing Assessment Data on Frail Older People in Home Care, Nursing Homes, and Hospitals
Authors: Vanneste Dirk , Declercq Anja
Published: July 2014

As the complexity of caregiving rises and surpasses traditional models of care, the need for comprehensive and integrated assessment systems increases. The use of standardised and computerised data—available to those who must make decisions—has become paramount. In Belgium, the BelRAI Web application has been developed to support the use of interRAI assessment instruments in a multidisciplinary way and to exchange client-centred information across care settings. This chapter describes the particularities of BelRAI, the security aspects, the support tools, the gradual process of implementation, the dos and don'ts, the pros and cons, and the challenges for the future. The benefits seem to overrule the drawbacks, but it has also become clear that only a significant expenditure on resources with regard to adequate staffing in healthcare environments, appropriate information technology, and training facilities can contribute to a successful introduction, maintenance, and full exploitation of this innovative health information system.
The eCare Network in Bologna
Authors: Fiori Carla
Published: July 2014

This chapter describes the outcome of the creation of an eCare Network for frail elderly people in 2005. This was developed over the years as a network of citizens, associations, institutions, and professionals, providing a relational and support ecosystem to frail elderly people. The issue of financial sustainability of the health and social welfare system, in the phase of ongoing demographic revolution, has stimulated the creation of a service that aims to encourage the permanence of frail elderly citizens at home to prevent the onset of frailty or dependency and to improve their quality of life by fighting social isolation through the use of appropriate IT technologies. Community-based voluntary associations also play a key role in the eCare Network for the frail elderly. Finally, in addition to a detailed description of the activities that have been put in place, the service outcomes, innovations, and prospects for further development are illustrated.