bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising primary labour relationship quality
Authors: Ehlers Lukas I.
Published: May 2017

Background: A typology of desirable social conditions in supervisory relationships suggested that such conditions may also be desirable in other forms of labour relationships. A literature review confirmed that trust, compliance, fairness and good faith can be confidently regarded as universally desirable social conditions in all forms of individual or collective labour relationships between employers and employees.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine if primary labour relationship quality (PLQ) can be confidently conceptualised as a social construct that strongly relates to the perceived levels of compliance, fairness and good faith in supervisory or primary labour relationships.Setting: A combination of random and convenience sampling approaches was implemented to collect PLQ related data from 454 voluntary respondents, who were subordinate employees in the Tshwane region.Methods: A quantitative research methodology was adopted. This included conceptual definition of the PLQ construct, objective measurement of PLQ levels of voluntary respondents in an adequately sized sample, factor analysis and testing for relationships and differences in means between variables.Results: Data analysis results confirmed that it can be confidently concluded that the conceptual definition of PLQ was valid, and that positive PLQ perceptions of subordinate employees were significantly related to at least two other forms of desirable organisational outcomes.Conclusion: PLQ perceptions can be confidently defined as a distinct subjective quality estimate that is assimilated from unique expectations and perceptions of the levels of compliance, fairness, good faith and trust that a supervisor displays in a labour relationship with an immediate subordinate.
Geometric Classification of Graph C*-algebras over Finite Graphs
Authors: Eilers Søren , Restorff Gunnar , Ruiz Efren , Sørensen Adam P.W.
Published: May 2017

We address the classification problem for graph C*-algebras of finite graphs (finitely many edges and vertices), containing the class of Cuntz-Krieger algebras as a prominent special case. Contrasting earlier work, we do not assume that the graphs satisfy the standard condition (K), so that the graph C*-algebras may come with uncountably many ideals.

We find that in this generality, stable isomorphism of graph C*-algebras does not coincide with the geometric notion of Cuntz move equivalence. However, adding a modest condition on the graphs, the two notions are proved to be mutually equivalent and equivalent to the C*-algebras having isomorphicK-theories. This proves in turn that under this condition, the graph C*-algebras are in fact classifiable byK-theory, providing, in particular, complete classification when the C* - algebras in question are either of real rank zero or type I/postliminal. The key ingredient in obtaining these results is a characterization of Cuntz move equivalence using the adjacency matrices of the graphs.

Our results are applied to discuss the classification problem for the quantumlens spaces defined by Hong and Szymański, and to complete the classification of graph C*-algebras associated with all simple graphs with four vertices or less.
Weak local-global compatibility in the $p$-adic Langlands program for $U(2)$
Authors: Chojecki Przemyslaw , Sorensen Claus
Published: May 2017

We study the completed cohomology

\widehat{H}^0

of a definite unitary group

G

in two variables associated with a CM-extension

\mathcal K/F

. When the prime

p

splits, we prove that (under technical asumptions) the

p

-adic local Langlands correspondence for GL

_2(\mathbb Q_p)

occurs in

\widehat{H}^0

. As an application, we obtain a result towards the Fontaine–Mazur conjecture over

\mathcal K

. If

x

is a point on the eigenvariety such that

\rho_x

is geometric (and satisfying additional hypotheses which we suppress), then

x

must be a classical point. Thus, not only is

\rho_x

modular, but the weight of

x

defines an accessible refinement. This follows from a recent result of Colmez (which describes the locally analytic vectors in

p

-adic unitary principal series), knowing that

\rho_x

admits a triangulation compatible with the weight.
Comparison of Complications in Removable Mandibular Acrylic Splint and Cantilever Herbst for Management of Class II Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kanuru RK , Bhasin Vinny , Dodda KK , Singh Era , Grover Shekhar
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Numerous appliances are present for the management of class II malocclusion. We have conducted a study to compare the clinical complications during treatment with either a removable mandibular acrylic splint (RMS) or with a cantilever Herbst (HC) appliance for the management of class II malocclusion.

Materials and methods

This study consisted of records of 114 patients (61 males, 53 females), who were divided into two groups. Group I received RMS and group II received HC for the treatment of class II, Division 1 malocclusion. They were further subdivided according to the telescopic system used [Dentaurum type I or propulsor mandibular abzil (PMA)] and fixation mode (splint with crowns or GripTite bands). Patients’ clinical records were assessed to identify clinical complications.

Results

The results of the study showed that the incidence of complications during treatment in both groups was statistically nonsignificant. The complications with either crown or band were also statistically nonsignificant. The Dentaurum group showed more susceptibility to complications than the PMA group.

Conclusion

The PMA telescopic system is more efficient as compared with Dentaurum. Complication resulting from Herbst appliance is independent type of appliance used and mode of fixation.

Clinical significance

Herbst appliance is the treatment of choice for class II malocclusion.

How to cite this article

Kanuru RK, Bhasin V, Khatri A, Dodda KK, Singh E, Grover S. Comparison of Complications in Removable Mandibular Acrylic Splint and Cantilever Herbst for Management of Class II Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):363-365.
Use of Collagen Matrix for Augmentation of the Peri-implant Soft Tissue at the Time of Immediate Implant Placement
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregor-Georg , John Gordon
Published: May 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the treatment outcome of the use of a porcine monolayer collagen matrix (mCM) to augment peri-implant soft tissue in conjunction with immediate implant placement as an alternative to patient's own connective tissue.

Materials and methods

A total of 27 implants were placed immediately in 27 patients (14 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 52.2 years) with simultaneous augmentation of the soft tissue by the use of a mCM. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group I: An envelope flap was created and mCM was left coronally uncovered, and group II: A coronally repositioned flap was created and the mCM was covered by the mucosa. Soft-tissue thickness (STTh) was measured at the time of surgery (T0) and 6 months postoperatively (T1) using a customized stent. Cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) were taken from 12 representative cases at T1. A stringent plaque control regimen was enforced in all the patients during the 6-month observation period.

Results

Mean STTh change was similar in both groups (0.7 ± 0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.1 mm in groups I and II respectively). The comparison of STTh between T0 and T1 showed a statistically significant increase of soft tissue in both groups I and II as well as in the total examined population (p<0.001). The STTh change as well as matrix thickness loss were comparable in both groups (p>0.05). The evaluation of the CBCTs did not show any signs of resorption of the buccal bone plate.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, it could be concluded that the collagen matrix used in conjunction with immediate implant placement leads to an increased thickness of peri-implant soft tissue independent of the flap creation technique and could be an alternative to connective tissue graft.

Clinical significance

The collagen matrix used seems to be a good alternative to patient's own connective tissue and could be used for the soft tissue augmentation around dental implants.

How to cite this article

Zafiropoulos GG, John G. Use of Collagen Matrix for Augmentation of the Peri-implant Soft Tissue at the Time of Immediate Implant Placement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):386-391.
Herpes Simplex 1 and Periopathogen Role in Peri-implantitis
Authors: Parthiban S , Ahmed Nizar , Ramakrishnan T , Balakumar V , Raja Manoj , Shekhar Himanshu
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The objectives of this study were to compare the qualitative and quantitative profiles of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) in implant surfaces between participants with periimplantitis (PI) and Healthy peri-implant tissues and to quantitatively assess the relation between HSV-1 and periopathogens inside the microbiological profile associated with PI.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 patients with PI and 40 with healthy peri-implant tissues (HI) were recruited. Plaque samples from peri-implant sulcus and internal implant connections were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect and quantify HSV-1 and periodontopathogens. Frequencies of detection and levels of microorganisms were compared between PI and HI; the frequencies and levels of periodontopathogens were compared between HSV-1+ and HSV-1- PI to assess qualitative relations between HSV-1 and bacteria. Correlation between HSV-1 and periodontopathogens levels was assessed in PI and HI.

Results

A total of 77 dental implants affected by PI, and 113 HIs were included. The HSV-1 prevalence was slightly higher in PI compared with controls (33.3 vs 23.8%; p > 0.05); HSV-1 was detected in external samples more frequently compared with internal samples. The HSV-1-positive patients revealed higher median loads of Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) compared with HSV-1-negative patients. In the PI group, a significant positive correlation was evidenced between HSV-1 and Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra (Pm), Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Cr levels, while in the HI, positive correlation between HSV-1 and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Pi, and Pm was established.

Conclusion

The HSV-1 prevalence cannot be used to identify PI. The HSV-1 was found in similar levels of PI and HI patients after an average of 6 years of loaded implants. The HSV-1 prevalence cannot be used to identify implants with or without the presence of PI.

Clinical significance

Although HSV-1 is detected in PI site, HSV-1 may represent an unspecific indicator for the host response to the bacterial challenge observed in PI.

How to cite this article

Parthiban S, Ahmed N, Ramakrishnan T, Balakumar V, Raja M, Shekhar H. Herpes Simplex 1 and Periopathogen Role in Peri-implantitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):399-404.
Intricate Assessment and Evaluation of Long-term Implant Success as affected by Clinicomicrobial and Salivary Diagnostics in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Alqahtani Fawaz , Kola Zaheer , Raghav Deepti , Albaker Fatima J , Bhagat Tushar V
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Replacement of missing teeth by dental implants is one of the most common methods employed these days. Because of significant advancement in the design of implants and modifications in the procedure of dental implant surgery, the survival rate of the dental implants has reached up to approximately 95%. Osseointegration is one of the important factors affecting the survival of dental implants. Apart from these, the body's physiologic alterations can also predispose the dental implants for failure. Diabetes is one such metabolic disease characterized by abnormal or delayed wound healing. Hence, we assessed the clinicomicrobial and salivary profile of diabetic patients undergoing rehabilitation by dental implants.

Materials and methods

This study included diabetic patients who underwent dental implant surgeries for prosthetic rehabilitation. Follow-up records of the patients’ up to 1 year were maintained. Various clinicoradiographic and periodontal parameters were measured at various time intervals during follow-up time; 25 mL of salivary and blood sample was taken from all the subjects and was sent to the laboratories for assessment of various salivary biomarkers. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results

The mean level of interleukin-â at baseline time was found to be 2.38 and 2.21 in diabetic group and control group respectively. While comparing the levels of osteoprotegerin in both study groups, a significant correlation was obtained. In diabetic and control group, 62 and 61 years was the mean age of the patients respectively. No significant correlation was obtained while comparing the microbial flora of diabetic and control group.

Conclusion

In both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, similar microbial, salivary marker, and clinicoradiological patterns were seen.

Clinical significance

Diabetic patients who maintain their body's metabolic rate show similar success rate of dental implants as seen in nondiabetic patients.

How to cite this article

Raghav D, Alqahtani F, Albaker FJ, Bhagat TV, Kola Z. Intricate Assessment and Evaluation of Long-term Implant Success as affected by Clinicomicrobial and Salivary Diagnostics in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Longitudinal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):405-409.
Schockmed Valve: A Novel Surgical Option for Uncontrolled Glaucoma in Eyes with Poor Conjunctiva and Encircling Bands
Authors: Fleischman David , Kim Bryan
Published: May 2017

Surgical management of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in an eye with scarred conjunctiva, an encircling band, and silicone oil has limited options. By combining the flow restrictor of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (New World Medical, Rancho Cucamonga, California) and the capsule of the encircling band as a conduit for aqueous flow, immediate pressure reduction could theoretically be achieved in eyes with limited conjunctival mobilization. This is a description of a surgical technique in a case of a patient with multiple ocular surgeries with uncontrolled multimechanism glaucoma despite using all available topical and oral glaucoma medications. A combination of the Ahmed valve with a modification of the Schocket shunt technique was used in this case of an encircling band and poor conjunctiva. At 10-month follow-up, the patient maintains controlled pressures on dorzolamide—timolol drops. The combined Ahmed—Schocket (or Schockmed) technique may be another surgical option for management of uncontrolled IOP in cases of scarred conjunctiva and encircling bands needing immediate pressure reduction.

Schockmed valve

A novel surgical option for uncontrolled glaucoma in eyes with poor conjunctiva and encircling bands.

How to cite this article

Fleischman D, Kim B. Schockmed Valve: A Novel Surgical Option for Uncontrolled Glaucoma in Eyes with Poor Conjunctiva and Encircling Bands. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):120-124.
Alteration of the size distributions and mixing states of black carbon through transport in the boundary layer in east Asia
Authors: Miyakawa Takuma , Oshima Naga , Taketani Fumikazu , Komazaki Yuichi , Yoshino Ayako , Takami Akinori , Kondo Yutaka , Kanaya Yugo
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Ground-based measurements of black carbon (BC) were performed near an industrial source region in the early summer of 2014 and at a remote island in Japan in the spring of 2015. Here, we report the temporal variations in the transport, size distributions, and mixing states of the BC-containing particles. These particles were characterized using a continuous soot monitoring system, a single particle soot photometer, and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. The effects of aging on the growth of BC-containing particles were examined by comparing the ground-based observations between the near-source and remote island sites. Secondary formation of sulfate and organic aerosols strongly affected the increases in BC coating (i.e., enhancement of cloud condensation nuclei activity) with air mass aging from the source to the outflow regions. The effects of wet removal on BC microphysics were elucidated by classifying the continental outflow air masses depending on the enhancement ratios of BC to CO (ΔBC ∕ ΔCO), which were used as an indicator of the transport efficiency of BC. It was found that ΔBC ∕ ΔCO ratios were controlled mainly by the wet removal during transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on the timescale of 1–2 days. The meteorological conditions and backward trajectory analyses suggested that air masses strongly affected by wet removal originated mainly from a region in southern China (20–35° N) in the spring of 2015. Removal of large and thickly coated BC-containing particles was detected in the air masses that were substantially affected by the wet removal in the PBL, as predicted by Köhler theory. The size and water solubility of BC-containing particles in the PBL can be altered by the wet removal as well as the condensation of non-BC materials.
How does sea ice influence δ18O of Arctic precipitation?
Authors: Faber Anne-Katrine , Møllesøe Vinther Bo , Sjolte Jesper , Anker Pedersen Rasmus
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This study investigates how variations in Arctic sea ice and sea surface conditions influence δ18O of present-day Arctic precipitation. This is done using the model isoCAM3, an isotope-equipped version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 3. Four sensitivity experiments and one control simulation are performed with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice. Each of the four experiments simulates the atmospheric and isotopic response to Arctic oceanic conditions for selected years after the beginning of the satellite era in 1979. Changes in sea ice extent and SSTs have different impacts in Greenland and the rest of the Arctic. The simulated changes in central Arctic sea ice do not influence δ18O of Greenland precipitation, only anomalies of Baffin Bay sea ice. However, this does not exclude the fact that simulations based on other sea ice and sea surface temperature distributions might yield changes in the δ18O of precipitation in Greenland. For the Arctic, δ18O of precipitation and water vapour is sensitive to local changes in sea ice and sea surface temperature and the changes in water vapour are surface based. Reduced sea ice extent yields more enriched isotope values, whereas increased sea ice extent yields more depleted isotope values. The distribution of the sea ice and sea surface conditions is found to be essential for the spatial distribution of the simulated changes in δ18O.
Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethyl sulfide concentration under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions
Authors: Hussherr Rachel , Levasseur Maurice , Lizotte Martine , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Mol Jacoba , Thomas Helmuth , Gosselin Michel , Starr Michel , Miller Lisa A. , Jarniková Tereza , Schuback Nina , Mucci Alfonso
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In an experimental assessment of the potential impact of Arctic Ocean acidification on seasonal phytoplankton blooms and associated dimethyl sulfide (DMS) dynamics, we incubated water from Baffin Bay under conditions representing an acidified Arctic Ocean. Using two light regimes simulating under-ice or subsurface chlorophyll maxima (low light; low PAR and no UVB) and ice-free (high light; high PAR + UVA + UVB) conditions, water collected at 38 m was exposed over 9 days to 6 levels of decreasing pH from 8.1 to 7.2. A phytoplankton bloom dominated by the centric diatoms Chaetoceros spp. reaching up to 7.5 µg chlorophyll a L−1 took place in all experimental bags. Total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPT) and DMS concentrations reached 155 and 19 nmol L−1, respectively. The sharp increase in DMSPT and DMS concentrations coincided with the exhaustion of NO3− in most microcosms, suggesting that nutrient stress stimulated DMS(P) synthesis by the diatom community. Under both light regimes, chlorophyll a and DMS concentrations decreased linearly with increasing proton concentration at all pH levels tested. Concentrations of DMSPT also decreased but only under high light and over a smaller pH range (from 8.1 to 7.6). In contrast to nano-phytoplankton (2–20 µm), pico-phytoplankton ( ≤  2 µm) was stimulated by the decreasing pH. We furthermore observed no significant difference between the two light regimes tested in term of chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance and taxonomy, and DMSP and DMS net concentrations. These results show that ocean acidification could significantly decrease the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production during the seasonal phytoplankton bloom in the Arctic, with possible consequences for the regional climate.
Modelling the genesis of equatorial podzols: age and implications for carbon fluxes
Authors: Doupoux Cédric , Merdy Patricia , Montes Célia Régina , Nunan Naoise , Melfi Adolpho José , Pereira Osvaldo José Ribeiro , Lucas Yves
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Amazonian podzols store huge amounts of carbon and play a key role in transferring organic matter to the Amazon River. In order to better understand their C dynamics, we modelled the formation of representative Amazonian podzol profiles by constraining both total carbon and radiocarbon. We determined the relationships between total carbon and radiocarbon in organic C pools numerically by setting constant C and 14C inputs over time. The model was an effective tool for determining the order of magnitude of the carbon fluxes and the time of genesis of the main carbon-containing horizons, i.e. the topsoil and deep Bh. We performed retrocalculations to take into account the bomb carbon in the young topsoil horizons (calculated apparent 14C age from 62 to 109 years). We modelled four profiles representative of Amazonian podzols, two profiles with an old Bh (calculated apparent 14C age 6.8  ×  103 and 8.4  ×  103 years) and two profiles with a very old Bh (calculated apparent 14C age 23.2  ×  103 and 25.1  ×  103 years). The calculated fluxes from the topsoil to the perched water table indicate that the most waterlogged zones of the podzolized areas are the main source of dissolved organic matter found in the river network. It was necessary to consider two Bh carbon pools to accurately represent the carbon fluxes leaving the Bh as observed in previous studies. We found that the genesis time of the studied soils was necessarily longer than 15  ×  103 and 130  ×  103 years for the two younger and two older Bhs, respectively, and that the genesis time calculated considering the more likely settings runs to around 15  ×  103–25  ×  103 and 150  ×  103–250  ×  103 years, respectively.
Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on the
vegetation structure and dynamics in the Amazon-Cerrado border
Authors: Dionizio da Silva Emily Ane , Heil Costa Marcos , Almeida Castanho Andrea , Ferreira Pires Gabrielle , Schwantes Marimon Beatriz , Hur Marimon Jr. Ben , Lenza Eddie , Martins Pimenta Fernando , Yang Xiaojuan , Jain Atul K.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Climate, fire and soil nutritional limitation are important elements that affect the vegetation dynamics in areas of forest-savanna transition. In this paper, we use the dynamic vegetation model INLAND to evaluate the influence of inter-annual climate variability, fire and phosphorus (P) limitation on the Amazon-Cerrado transitional vegetation structure and dynamics. We assess how each environmental factor affects the net primary production, leaf area index and aboveground biomass (AGB), and compare the AGB simulations of observed AGB map. We used two climate datasets – the 1960–1990 average seasonal climate and the 1948 to 2008 inter-annual climate variability, two regional datasets of total soil P content in soil, based on regional (field measurements) and global data and the INLAND fire module. Our results show that inter-annual climate variability, P limitation and fire occurrence gradually improve simulated vegetation types and these effects are not homogeneous along the latitudinal/longitudinal gradient showing a synergistic effect among them. In terms of magnitude, the effect of fire is stronger, and is the main driver of vegetation changes along the transition. The nutritional limitation, in turn, is stronger than the effect of inter-annual climate variability acting on the transitional ecosystems dynamics. Overall, INLAND typically simulates more than 80 % of the AGB variability in the transition zone. However, the AGB in many places is clearly not well simulated, indicating that important soil and physiological factors in the Amazon-Cerrado border, such as lithology and water table depth, carbon allocation strategies and mortality rates, still need to be included in the model.
Ensemble cloud-resolving modelling of a historic back-building mesoscale convective system over Liguria: the San Fruttuoso case of 1915
Authors: Parodi Antonio , Ferraris Luca , Gallus William , Maugeri Maurizio , Molini Luca , Siccardi Franco , Boni Giorgio
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Highly localized and persistent back-building mesoscale convective systems represent one of the most dangerous flash-flood-producing storms in the north-western Mediterranean area. Substantial warming of the Mediterranean Sea in recent decades raises concerns over possible increases in frequency or intensity of these types of events as increased atmospheric temperatures generally support increases in water vapour content. However, analyses of the historical record do not provide a univocal answer, but these are likely affected by a lack of detailed observations for older events. In the present study, 20th Century Reanalysis Project initial and boundary condition data in ensemble mode are used to address the feasibility of performing cloud-resolving simulations with 1 km horizontal grid spacing of a historic extreme event that occurred over Liguria: the San Fruttuoso case of 1915. The proposed approach focuses on the ensemble Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model runs that show strong convergence over the Ligurian Sea (17 out of 56 members) as these runs are the ones most likely to best simulate the event. It is found that these WRF runs generally do show wind and precipitation fields that are consistent with the occurrence of highly localized and persistent back-building mesoscale convective systems, although precipitation peak amounts are underestimated. Systematic small north-westward position errors with regard to the heaviest rain and strongest convergence areas imply that the reanalysis members may not be adequately representing the amount of cool air over the Po Plain outflowing into the Ligurian Sea through the Apennines gap. Regarding the role of historical data sources, this study shows that in addition to reanalysis products, unconventional data, such as historical meteorological bulletins, newspapers, and even photographs, can be very valuable sources of knowledge in the reconstruction of past extreme events.
Multiple Causes of Nonstationarity in the Weihe Annual Low Flow Series
Authors: Xiong Bin , Xiong Lihua , Chen Jie , Xu Chong-Yu , Li Lingqi
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Under the background of global climate change and local anthropogenic activities, multiple driving forces have introduced a variety of non-stationary components into low-flow series. This has led to a high demand on low-flow frequency analysis that considers nonstationary conditions for modeling. In this study, a nonstationary framework of low-flow frequency analysis has been developed on basis of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to consider time-varying distribution parameters. In GLMs, the candidate explanatory variables to explain the time-varying parameters are comprised of the eight measuring indices of the climate and catchment conditions in low flow generation, i.e., total precipitation (P), mean frequency of precipitation events (λ), temperature (T), potential evapotranspiration (ET), climate aridity index (AIET), base-flow index (BFI), recession constant (K) and the recession-related aridity index (AIK). This framework was applied to the annual minimum flow series of both Huaxian and Xianyang gauging stations in the Weihe River, China. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to obtain the best subset of those candidate explanatory variables for the final optimum model. The results show that the inter-annual variability in the variables of those selected best subsets plays an important role in modeling annual low flow series. Specifically, analysis of annual minimum 30-day flow in Huaxian shows that AIK is of the highest relative importance among the best subset of eight candidates, followed by BFI and AIET. The incorporation of multiple indices related to low-flow generation permits tracing various driving forces. The established link in nonstationary analysis will be beneficial to predict future occurrences of low-flow extremes in similar areas.
A two-dimensional electron gas sensing motion of a nanomechanical cantilever
Authors: Shevyrin Andrey , Pogosov Arthur
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A quantitative physical model, describing the piezoelectric electromechanical coupling in nanomechanical resonators with a two-dimensional electron gas, is developed. Numerical calculations of the change in density of a two-dimensional electron gas contained in a vibrating cantilever are performed using the model and are shown to be consistent with the experiment. The obtained data show that the vibration-induced electron density modulation is localized near the clamping point and that it is related to a rapid spatial change in the mechanical stress near this point. It is shown that details of the clamping geometry significantly affect the magnitude of the effect.
Analysing flood fatalities in Vietnam using national disaster database and tree-based methods
Authors: Luu Chinh , Von Meding Jason , Kanjanabootra Sittimont
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Flood damage data recorded shows that Vietnam is vulnerable to flood hazards. This has severe consequences for the Vietnamese people, especially in terms of an unacceptably high death toll. To an extent, the high level of vulnerability is related to an insufficient capacity to cope with natural hazards, as is common in developing countries. On the other hand, social factors play their part and around the world, certain at-risk groups are systematically marginalised as a matter of policy. The number of fatalities is the most important indicator in flood risk assessment. However, there is a significant lack of systematic research on flood fatalities in Vietnam. We respond to this gap and explore the national disaster database of Vietnam (DANA) with two objectives: (1) providing a comprehensive overview of flood fatalities in Vietnam, and (2) examining the damage-influencing variables (flood impacts) on flood fatalities. The tree-based methods were used for the exploration of influencing variables. Records stored in DANA show that over 14,927 persons were killed in floods in Vietnam between 1989 and 2015 or at least 553 deaths and missing per year. The Mekong Delta region has the highest number of flood fatalities over the time period. However, South Central Coast and North Central Coast were the two most affected regions in flood fatalities historically when calculating an average per province per year in the regions. The analysis of tree-based methods shows that housing factor has the greatest influence on flood fatalities in Vietnam. The findings allow us to make recommendations for government policies on improving housing quality for the poor in flood-prone areas in Vietnam.
Dynamic changes on the Wilkins Ice Shelf during the 2006–2009 retreat derived from satellite observations
Authors: Rankl Melanie , Fürst Johannes Jakob , Humbert Angelika , Braun Matthias Holger
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The vast ice shelves around Antarctica provide significant restraint to the outflow from adjacent tributary glaciers. This important buttressing effect became apparent in the last decades, when outlet glaciers accelerated considerably after several ice shelves were lost around the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). The present study aims to assess dynamic changes on the Wilkins Ice Shelf (WIS) during different stages of ice-front retreat and partial collapse between early 2008 and 2009. The total ice-shelf area lost in these events was 2135 ± 75 km2 ( ∼  15 % of the ice-shelf area relative to 2007). Here, we use time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite observations (1994–1996, 2006–2010) in order to derive variations in surface-flow speed from intensity-offset tracking. Spatial patterns of horizontal strain-rate, stress and stress-flow angle distributions are determined during different ice-front retreat stages. Prior to the final break up of an ice bridge in 2008, a strong speed up is observed, which is also discernible from other derived quantities. We identify areas that are important for buttressing and areas prone to fracturing using in-flow and first principal strain rates as well as principal stress components. Further propagation of fractures can be explained as the first principal components of strain rates and stresses exceed documented threshold values. Positive second principal stresses are another scale-free indicator for ice-shelf areas, where fractures preferentially open. Second principal strain rates are found to be insensitive to ice-front retreat or fracturing. Changes in stress-flow angles highlight similar areas as the in-flow strain rates but are difficult to interpret. Our study reveals the large potential of modern SAR satellite time series to better understand dynamic and structural changes during ice-shelf retreat but also points to uncertainties introduced by the methods applied.
Changes in Andes Mountains snow cover from MODIS data 2000–2014
Authors: Saavedra Freddy A. , Kampt Stephanie K. , Fassnacht Steven R. , Sibold Jason S.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The Andes Mountains span a length of 7,000 km and are important for sustaining regional water supplies. Snow variability across this region has not been studied in detail due to sparse and unevenly distributed instrumental climate data. We calculated snow persistence (SP) as the fraction of time with snow cover for each year between 2000–2014 from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensors (500 m, 8-day maximum snow cover extent) limited between 8 °S and 36 °S due high frequency of cloud (>30 % of the time) south and north of this range. We ran Mann-Kendall and Theil-Sens analyses to identify significant areas of change in SP and snow line (the line at lower elevation which SP=20%). We evaluated whether these trends in the context of temperature and precipitation (University of Delaware dataset) and climate indices (ENSO, SAM, PDO). North of 29 °S has limited snow cover, and few trends in snow persistence were detected. A large area (70,515 km2) with persistent snow cover between 29–36 °S experienced a significant loss of snow cover (2–5 fewer days of snow year−1). Snow loss was more pronounced (62 %) on the east side of the Andes. We also found a significant increase in the elevation of 10–30 m year−1 south of 29–30 °S. Decreasing SP correlates with decreasing precipitation, increasing temperature, and climate indices and it varies with latitude and elevation. ENSO indices better predicted SP conditions north of 31 °S, and the SAM better predicted SP south of 31 °S.
Structural monitoring for lifetime extension of offshore wind monopiles: Can strain measurements at one level tell us everything?
Authors: Ziegler Lisa , Smolka Ursula , Cosack Nicolai , Muskulus Michael
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Operators need accurate knowledge on structural reserves to decide about lifetime extension of offshore wind turbines. Load monitoring enables us to directly compare design loads with real loading histories of the support structure in order to calculate its remaining useful lifetime. Monitoring of every hot spot is technically and financially not feasible. This paper presents a novel idea for load monitoring of monopiles. It requires strain measurements at only one level convenient for sensor installation, such as tower bottom. Measurements are converted into damage equivalent loads for 10-minute time intervals. Damage equivalent loads are extrapolated to other locations of the structure with a simulation model and statistical algorithm. For this, structural loads at all locations of the monopile are calculated with aero-hydro-elastic software and updated finite element models. Damage equivalent loads at unmeasured locations are predicted from the simulation results with a k-nearest neighbor regression algorithm. The extrapolation was tested with numerical simulations of an 8 MW offshore wind turbine. Results show that damage can be predicted with an error of 1–3 % if this is done conditional on mean wind speed, which is very promising. The load monitoring concept is simple, cheap and easy to implement. This makes it ideal for better decisions on lifetime extension of monopiles.
Enriching Aboriginal Engagement in Schools through Service-learning: The Biidaaban Experience
Authors: Hatt Blaine E. , Maynes Nancy
Published: May 2017

This paper involves an inquiry into the effects and affects of service learning in a Biidaaban Youth Group (BYG) programme under the auspices of the Biidaaban Community Service Learning centre (BCSL) at a small northern Ontario university. Phenomenological, hermeneutical, and narrative inquiry approaches were applied to interviews with stakeholders in BYG including a First Nations’ parent, a school-aged child, a First Nations’ grandparent and Elder, an education community partner, and a university-student tutor. The concepts of pathic teaching and liberatory service learning help to frame the findings of this study. Analysis of the data evidenced authentic caring for self and other and genuine reciprocity that is transformative and enabled participants to attain a liberatory level of social change and social consciousness as key components of the high quality of service learning that is perceived by those who serve and those who receive service from this unit.
Ocular Surface Disease in Patients under Topical Treatment for Glaucoma
Authors: Pérez-Bartolomé Francisco , Martínez-de-la-Casa Jose M. , Arriola-Villalobos Pedro , Fernández-Pérez Cristina , Polo Vicente , García-Feijoó Julián
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To examine the relationship between ocular surface disease (OSD) and topical antiglaucoma therapy.

Methods

A total of 211 eyes of 211 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension on topical medication were recruited over 10 months. Controls were 51 eyes of 51 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. In each patient, we recorded the intraocular pressure-lowering eyedrops used, the number of medications used, and daily and cumulative preservative concentrations (PC). Main outcome measures were fluorescein corneal staining score (Oxford scale), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography), noninvasive tear film breakup time (NI-TBUT) (Oculus Keratograph 5M), and OSD symptom questionnaire index (OSDI).

Results

Compared to controls, significantly higher OSDI (median [interquartile range] 10.24 [4.54-18.94] vs 2.5 [0-12.5]; p<0.001) and corneal staining (≥1: 64.93% vs 32.61%; p<0.001) scores were recorded in the medication group. The NI-TBUT and LTMH failed to vary between the groups (p>0.05). A higher daily PC was associated with a lower LTMH (R −0.142; p = 0.043). In the medication group, multivariate analysis identified correlations between benzalkonium chloride (BAK) (odds ratio [OR] 1.56) and BAK plus polyquaternium-containing drops (OR 5.09) or higher OSDI (OR 1.06) and abnormal corneal staining test results and between older age (mean ratio [MR] 1.05), longer treatment duration (MR 1.02), or corneal staining presence (MR 1.22) and a higher OSDI score.

Conclusions

Ocular surface disease was more prevalent in the medication group. The main factors impacting OSD were drops with preservatives, longer treatment duration, and older age.
Efficacy of Core Decompression for Treatment of Canine Femoral Head Osteonecrosis Induced by Arterial Ischaemia and Venous Congestion
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Zhao Dewei , Wang Weiming , Zhang Yao , Wang Benjie , Li Zhigang
Published: May 2017

Methods

40 healthy mixed-breed dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, arterial ischaemia (AI) and venous congestion (VC), each containing 20 dogs. The dogs underwent a procedure where the deep femoral artery or deep femoral vein was ligated randomly on the left or right side to establish the femoral head osteonecrosis model. 13 dogs from each group, AI and VC, were randomly selected for subsequent study. 3 dogs were randomly chosen from each group to receive core decompression (CD) every 2 weeks for a total of 4 sessions.

Results

The development of femoral head osteonecrosis was slightly slowed at each measurement time point after CD in the arterial ischaemia (AI) group, but no restoration was observed. The venous congestion (VC) group showed a gradually reduced mixed signal after CD and exhibited a trend towards restoration. The various VC subgroups had significantly improved symptoms compared to the AI subgroups.

Conclusions

CD displayed greater treatment efficacy for femoral head osteonecrosis caused by VC, but poor efficacy for femoral head osteonecrosis caused by AI.
An Attempt to Throw Light on Congenital Hip Disease Terminology and Anticipation of Clinical Outcomes when Treated with Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hartofilakidis George , Lampropoulou-Adamidou Kalliopi , Karachalios Theofilos S.
Published: May 2017

The terminology of the wide spectrum of hip deformities seen during the neonatal, infantile and adult life period remains controversial, mainly due to the indiscriminate use of the terms dysplasia, subluxation, congenital hip disease, developmental hip disease, congenital dislocation, etc. This has a serious implication on the anticipation of clinical outcomes, complications and comparison of different reconstructive techniques when these patients are treated with total hip arthroplasty in adulthood. Journals, specialising in this field, should publish homogeneous series (type of the disease, reconstruction technique, implants) in order to clarify arguments and anticipate clinical outcomes.
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Toxicity
Authors: Inno Alessandro , Metro Giulio , Bironzo Paolo , Grimaldi Antonio M. , Grego Elisabetta , Di Nunno Vincenzo , Picasso Virginia , Massari Francesco , Gori Stefania
Published: May 2017

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as an effective treatment for several tumor types and their use in clinical practice is expected to further increase in the immediate future. Although these agents are well tolerated, they are associated with a peculiar spectrum of toxicity, which is immune mediated and may potentially affect every organ. However, immune-related adverse events are mostly reversible if promptly diagnosed and adequately treated. Therefore, it is crucial that medical oncologists know how to diagnose and treat immune-related adverse events. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management of immune-related toxicity of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies.
“We reject kings, presidents and voting?”: conformações democrático-institucionais e níveis estruturados de (des)regulamentação dos espaços virtuais
Authors: Arcain Riccetto Pedro Henrique , Sabo Isabela Cristina , Côrrea Zuin Mattos do Amaral Ana Cláudia
Published: May 2017

A pesquisa analisa os níveis estruturados de regulamentação dos espaços virtuais à luz de três formas de conformação do governo no ambiente eletrônico (democracia, autocracia e anarquia), a fim de demonstrar maior afinidade com as peculiaridades das relações sociais inseridas na sociedade de informação. Para tanto, apresenta breve escorço histórico do desenvolvimento da teoria democrática, desde a antiguidade até suas atuais conformações num contexto globalizado e no paradigma informacional. Ancorado no método dedutivo, o estudo traz como plano de fundo a governança e novas tecnologias, permitindo-se demonstrar a nova extensão do contexto democrático a partir do desenvolvimento da internet. Por fim, verifica o descabimento das propostas anarquistas e libertárias atinentes à (des)regulamentação do ciberespaço, definindo-se pela aplicabilidade da estrutura democrática ao âmbito virtual, com as devidas conformações, inclusive por meio da proposta do Governo Eletrônico.
O conteúdo jurídico do princípio da igualdade
Authors: Brambilla Pedro Augusto de Souza
Published: May 2017

A obra que se põe em análise é de suma importância a todo operador do direito em razão de debruçar-se sobre o conteúdo jurídico do princípio da igualdade. Nas Constituições mundo afora, este princípio é elementar, e em nosso ordenamento jurídico está estampado no artigo 5º caput, que consolida a necessidade de tratamento equanime aos cidadãos. Contudo, diversos dicrímens são estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira como mecanismos à busca de igualdade material, frente à igualdade formal já garantida em nossa Constituição. Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello nos brinda com uma obra clara, concisa e bastante esclarecedora quanto aos requisitos, pressupostos e critérios orientadores destas discriminações em vistas à adequação destas com o princípio da igualdade, considerado pelo autor o maior dos princípios garantidores de direitos individuais.
Direito à cidade
Authors: Sanches Jussara Romero
Published: May 2017

LEFEBVRE, Henri. O direito à cidade. Tradução Rubens Eduardo Frias. São Paulo: Centauro, 2001.
Fotografar prejudica a memória?
Authors: Cruz Nina Velasco e , Salazar Manuela
Published: May 2017

Este artigo discute as múltiplas relações entre o ato de fotografar e a memória, na era digital. Partindo de um artigo a respeito do impacto da fotografia sobre a memória, da americana Linda Henkel, levantamos alguns questionamentos a respeito da relação da fotografia com nossas lembranças. Existe algo no ato fotográfico que prejudique a construção de memórias? Fotografamos para lembrar? O que escolhemos fotografar importa? O acúmulo de fotografias ajuda ou atrapalha a construção da memória?
A retórica da imagem na grande reportagem transmídia
Authors: Ventura Mauro De Souza , Ito Liliane De Lucena
Published: May 2017

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que, no jornalismo, as fotografias podem cumprir várias funções, entre elas, informar e também persuadir, aproximando-se então das produzidas para fins publicitários. Com base na metodologia proposta por Umberto Eco em A Estrutura Ausente, são analisadas fotografias produzidas para uma reportagem digital. Os resultados indicam a existência de articulações semelhantes às observadas em peças publicitárias, contudo, com algumas diferenciações.
“Pantaleão e as visitadoras”: análise sócio-organizacional do filme peruano baseado no livro de Vargas Llosa
Authors: Canhada Diego Iturriet Dias , Oliveira Samir Adamoglu de
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho realiza um diálogo interdisciplinar a partir do filme peruano "Pantaleão e as Visitadoras". Inspirado em uma concepção deleuziana (embora sem operacionalizar seus conceitos) e utilizando-se de distintas perspectivas teóricas, o ensaio destaca passagens do filme e respectivas análises sobre as mesmas. Nas palavras finais são apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre o dilema liberdade-determinismo e acerca de possibilidades “alternativas” de construções textuais que filosofia da linguagem possibilita.