bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma de células escamosas em equino: Relato de caso
Authors: Sousa Karliogenio dos Santos , Oliveira Mariana Picoli Martins de , Gonçalves Talia Fabrício , Sá Isael de Sousa , Silva Karolynne de Freitas Martins e , Lisboa Neto Antonio Francisco de , Ferreira-Silva José Carlos , Lima Wagner Costa , Machado Junior Antônio Augusto Nascimento , Silva Filho Manoel Lopes da
Published: March 2019

This work aimed to report the clinical case of a male, undefined, castrated male, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal District, with an injury to the external genitalia, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), through of histopathological and cytological exams. CEC is a malignant cutaneous and invasive tumor. It can present in several areas and is predisposed to areas with little or no pigmentation. This neoplasia frequently affects the penile glans of the orchiectomized males of the equine race due to the lower exposure of the penis and the accumulation of smegma produced by the preputial glands, which can be aggravated by solar radiation. Due to the early diagnosis, the animal was submitted to surgical treatment, partial penectomy. In the postoperative period, surgical wound cleaning was done with a 2% chlorhexidine solution, daily manual application of ointment and administration of hemofarm® (20 mL / day / oral). Application of anti-inflammatory (flunixin meglumine 1.1 mL / kg / 3 days) and analgesic (phenylbutazone 2.2 mL / kg / 5 days consecutively), both intravenously. Surgical stitches were removed on the 11th day after surgery, resulting in complete recovery of the animal.
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY AT POST OFFICE (PERSERO) PEKANBARU BRANCH
Authors: Suryadi Nanda
Published: March 2019

This research aim to analyze the effect of service quality towards customer loyalty at Post Office (PERSERO) Pekanbaru branch within collected data by questionnaire and employs multiple linear regression analysis method. Based on the result research found that the equation of multiple linear analysis is Y = 15.752 + 0.281 X1 + 1.146 X2 + 0.207 X3 â€“ 1.372 X4 + 0.635 X5. Its mean that If tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy variables is equal to zero (0), than the customer loyalty is 15.752. The value of coefficient determination (R2) test is 0.383, it showed that the contribution percentage of variable tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy toward customer loyalty is 38.3%, the remaining 61.7% is influenced by other variables. This research suggest to Post office (PERSERO) Pekanbaru Branch to increase their service quality whether in form of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance or empathy in order to increase their number of customer whose loyal to use their service.
Islamic Bankers Green Behaviours and Its Impact on Green Banking Growth
Authors: Ali Qaisar , Parveen Shazia
Published: March 2019

This study focuses to categorise the types of green behaviours among Islamic bankers and the impact of these behaviours on the growth of green banking in Malaysia. The data was collected through a self-administrated survey questionnaire. McConnaughyâ€™s (2014) behavioural framework was adopted as a measurement scale. The findings prove that all five types of behaviours (conservation, work sustainability, avoiding harm, influencing others and taking initiative) of Islamic bankers have a significant positive impact on the growth of green banking. Particularly, taking initiative was the most influential behaviour for the growth of green banking. The major limitation of this study is the data collection from limited participants which is not an ideal scenario to generalise these findings. The findings are robust to develop green banking regulations, to shape a better green behaviour of Islamic bankers and to enhance green banking growth in Malaysia.
Lignosulfonates adsorption onto clay as sacrificial agent â€“ benchmarking for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: CHONG AIK SHYE , A.Manan Muhammad , Idris Ahmad Kamal
Published: March 2019

This study is to investigate the adsorption capability onto kaolinite for different types of lignosulfonates in various salinity environment. Depletion method using the UV-Vis were used for measuring the concentration of lignosulfonate before and after the adsorption process in equilibrium and kinetic conditions. The highest amount of lignosulfonate adsorbed potrayed the best sacrificial agent that can be used in enhanced oil recovery application. The highest amount adsorbed of lignosulfonate onto kaolinite can prevent the surfactant lost into the formation. Among the four tested lignosulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate appeared the best in terms of adsorption capability in the presence of NaCl and CaCl2 salt in the system. Freundlich isotherm model was the best to describe the equilibrium adsorption data of sodium lignosulfonate. On the other hand, pseudo-second order model was the best to describe the kinetic adsorption data of sodium lignosulfonate.
Effect of extraction temperature and time on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit
Authors: Lim Peng Yee , Pang Sook Fun , Yusoff Mashitah Mohd , Gimbun Jolius
Published: March 2019

Phaleria macrocarpa (ver. name: â€˜mahkota dewaâ€™) is a plant which has many medically useful antioxidant activities (Anggraini & Lewandowsky, 2015). The polyphenols responsible for this antioxidant activity has to be extracted before it can be routinely used (Shwter et al., 2016). This study investigates the extraction of polyphenols from P. macrocarpa fruits and its antioxidant activity (DPPH-RSA) under influence of extraction time and temperature. By employing maceration technique, the P. macrocarpa fruits extract showed the maximum total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH-RSA with value of 69.5 mg QE/g DW, 183.2 mg GA/g DW and 171. 8 mg BHA/g DW, respectively at  optimum extraction conditions of 60 min and 80 ÂºC (Fig. 1). Excellent and positive Pearson correlation coefficient with R2 > 0.91 between the TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities was observed.
The Effect of Economic Institutions on Foreign Direct Investment:
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Yousaf Tahir , Akhtar Yasmeen
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on examining the effect of Economic Institutions on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in 24 developing Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. This study used panel data over the period 1995 to 2015 , for its emerical investigation, by using a fixed-effects model as suggested by Hausman after controlling for heteroscedasticity. The empirical finding suggests that the counties can attract more FDI if they enhance their economic institutions despite deficiencies in market size, trade openness and high level of human capital. However the development level seems to have an equal importance as that of economic institutions and is significant at all levels in LAC. The study also shows significant relation with controlling variables namely GDP per Capita and human capital.
Equity Market Indicators as Drivers of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Pakistan
Authors: Zahir ZAHIRULLAH , Shah Mumtaz Hussian
Published: March 2019

The study is about the factors responsible of attracting foreign portfolio investment (FPI) to Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). In this study the stock market factors of PSX have been explored to determine their short term and as well as long term association with the equity market indicators of PSX.
Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: KATTIYAPORNPONG URAIPORN , Ditta-Apichai Morakot , Kanjanasilanon Chatchasorn , Siriyota Kumpanart
Published: March 2019

As multi-stakeholders in tourism development help to create tourism experience, it is therefore vital to understand each stakeholderâ€™s perception towards tourism development. In additon, local leaders and policy makers play a critical role in facilitating the mutual benefits of all tourism stakeholders in sustainable tourism development in the local community. Most research on Social Exchange Theory (SET) in tourism only focuses on residentâ€™s and touristâ€™s perceptions toward tourism, and some studies indicate the ambiguous explanation and interpretation on SET in understanding communityâ€™s perceptions toward tourists and tourism. Therefore, it is a need to understand local leadersâ€™ and policy makersâ€™ perceptions toward sustainable tourism development, as they act as the initiators or facilitators in sustainable tourism development. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten local leaders and policy-makers in Thailand and the results were thematically analysed. The anticipated results explain positive and negative impacts toward economy, society and environment.
Leadership practices for Professional assistance of teachers in secondary schools
Authors: Aziz Fakhra , Quraishi Uzma , Nader Moafia
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed to explore the leadership practices for  professional assistance of secondary school teachers.It was assumed that leadership active role in various types of  teachersâ€™ professional assistance can enhance their job performance which in turn promotes quality in teaching and learning process. The study reports  that school heads play a significant role in teachersâ€™ professional assistance but it was limited to instructional  and professional areas only.  Teachersâ€™ emotional side also required active and effective leadership practices of professional assistance for quality performance. Further School heads in public sector  facilitate their teachers more as compare to those in private sector. Similarly experienced teachers reports more support from their heads as compare to newly inducted teaches. Gender differences in professional assistance of  experienced and newly inducted teachers were  also found.Female newly inducted teachers receive more facilitation from their heads  as compare to male . Same case is reported for professional assistance of experienced teachers.   The present study suggests a need based training  program for school leadership to adopt innovative strategies for assistance of their teachers alongwith sound measures taken by the government
How does Work Engagement Affect Psychosocial Safety Climate and Burnout? The Case of the Malaysian Research Universities
Authors: Kok Ban Derick Teoh , Kee Daisy Mui Hung
Published: March 2019

This study porposes an excelling job design by Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) via different types of job demands which could improve the work engagement of Malaysian research universities academicians while diminishing their burnout level. Hence, work engagement is proposed in this study as a promising mediator for the relationship between challenge demands and hindrance demands to burnout among respective academicians. In general, the comprehensive PSC context suggested for the remenurative job demands while minimizing the level of burnout of academicians through work engagement as the mediation pathway. Ergo, PSC is valuable as a tool in helping the enhancement of management practices of research universities and consecutively the health and well-being of academicians.
A Theoretical Framework for Supporting The Internationalization of SMEs
Authors: Purwanto Thesa Adi
Published: March 2019

Research on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) focuses on the reasons and the way in which SMEs are moving towards internationalization. The majority uses one of the three commonly used approaches, namely the economic, the network and the organizational approach. Each provides an illustration that is consistent with his or her point of view but can not afford a comprehensive overview of SMEs internationalization. This study aims to combine these three approaches by creating a structured framework theory. In this study, the method used is the qualitative approach with a higher level of content analysis. This study is conducted by collecting and studying data and information obtained from journals, and other sources of literature. The results depict that the rapidly evolving concept of digital technology now seems to be a unifying factor in the integration of these three approaches. This concept can provide explanations not only about the "why," but also about "how" SMEs internationalization.
China Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Complex Interdependence
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Sohail Sadia , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Presented in the late 70s, the theory of Complex Interdependence is in line with the contemporary scenario of international politics. International politics has given up the traditional approaches of hard power. Non-state actors now serve as significant stakeholders in world peace. This paper examines CPEC along the framework of Complex Interdependence. China will build a network of roads, railways and highways across Pakistan, contributing to infrastructure development and economic growth. The notion that China and Pakistan are “iron brothers” is popular among the diplomatic circles of both states. Both states share military, diplomatic and strategic ties. However, the economic ties could not be realized to the full potential as contacts at the societal level are minimal. CPEC possesses the ability to bridge these gaps and transform the relation into “Complex Interdependence”.
Evaluation of the Post-Insurgency Rehabilitation Program in Sri Lanka
Authors: Khan Ilam , Minhas Ahmed Saeed , Satti Hajra Nasir
Published: March 2019

In the broader Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs, the terms ‘rehabilitation’ and ‘reintegration’ are erroneously used as synonyms. The manifestation of these two distinct phases of a program can be seen in many affected parts of the world. Sri Lanka is one such place where the rehabilitation program was launched after an extended war against insurgency. The vigilantes constituted by the Sri Lankan armed forces, known as Civil Defense Forces (CDF) has been controversial. This paper differentiates the theory and practice and explains what could be done to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of the programs
Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan’s National Security
Authors: Islam Rafaqat , Ansari Sarfraz Hussain , Hussain Shahzad
Published: March 2019

National security implications of the rising government debt in Pakistan increase concerns about military powers such as the USA and industrial giants such as Japan. This paper examines the unprecedented rise and abundant use of debt by governments since 2008. Apart from economic sustainability risks of the debt, the paper also traces history of Pakistan’s search for national security since 1947. Pakistan achieved nuclear capability in the face of opposition from the USA. There are fears that in the presence of huge external debts and low capacity to service them, Pakistan may not be able to take independent decisions regarding national security. The paper offers recommendations to overcome the threats
Strategic Significance of Pakistan’s Counter Terrorism Efforts Since 2014
Authors: Khattak Masood Ur Rehman , Sargana Tauqeer Hussain , Hussain Mujahid
Published: March 2019

Pakistan is successfully fighting against militants in its tribal areas. The threat in tribal areas has complicated security situation. Many terrorist groups allegedly operate in FATA, e.g. Hafiz Gul Buhadur Group, Molvi Nazir Group, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and the Haqqani Network/ Afghan Taliban. The operation Zarb-I-Azb was a huge success. Pakistan’s army destroyed many IED Factories, dismantled training Centers of the Suicide Bombers run by different terrorist groups and TTP Run Media Centers, exposed detention centers of militants and recovered foreign currency during Operation Zarb-i-Azb. For long term peace and stability in tribal areas, the government must carry out reconstruction and development programs aon a large scale. There is a need to rebuild the capacity of the local population. Free education, rehabilitation and de-radicalization programs must be initiated to mainstream FATA youth.
CTX-M Β-LACTAMASE–PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI IN SUDAN TERTIARY HOSPITALS: DETECTION GENOTYPES VARIANTS AND BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Mohammed , Mohammed Hitham , Mohammed Saeed Abdelgadir Saeed , Musa Ahmed
Published: March 2019

Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) constitute an emerging public-health concern. Consider that ESBL genes type CTX-M types has been increased significantly in most parts of the world.  Few data are available on the CTX-M variants circulating in Sudan. Objective: This study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioinformatics tools to identify blaCTX-M and its variants for Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) obtained from hospitals in Khartoum-Sudan. Methods: A total of 216 non-repetitive isolates were selected during 2007-2018. The phenotypic identification of ESBL production was confirmed according to CLSI guidelines. CTX-M genotype was analyzed by uniplex PCRs reactions subsequently sequences performed later sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics tools with nBLAST program, multiple alignments to determine CTX-M  genotype  variants . Nucleotide sequences were submitted to Gen Bank and accession numbers were obtained. Result:  ESBL phenotype among 212 confirmed E.coli isolates was   (34.9% of 212,n=74).  (62.2% of 74, n=46) strains carried bla CTX-M genes, CTX-M genotype variants identified in this study as followed: blaCTX-M-15 gene was the most prevalent one (78.6%) followed by blaCTX 90 (14.3%) and CTX-M55 (7.1%),

Conclusion: This study reveled high ESBL occurrence among E.coli isolates, with CTX-M 15 the predominant variants and highlights the incidence of CTX-M-55 for the first time from Sudan.

Keywords:    E. coli, PCR, ESBLs, CTX-M, Sudan, bioinformatics
Overcoming Barriers and Limitations – Why This New Journal Is Needed
Authors: Rief Winfried , Weise Cornelia
Published: March 2019

Introducing the new journal Clinical Psychology in Europe (CPE).

Overcoming artificial barriers by focusing on evidence instead of traditions.

Bridging the gap from basic experimental to treatment-related research.

Supporting open science recommendations.

Covering a broad variety of research efforts.

Full open access but no publication fees.

Introducing the new journal Clinical Psychology in Europe (CPE).

Overcoming artificial barriers by focusing on evidence instead of traditions.

Bridging the gap from basic experimental to treatment-related research.

Supporting open science recommendations.

Covering a broad variety of research efforts.

Full open access but no publication fees.
Problematyka aksjologiczna jako uwarunkowanie procesów prawodawstwa gospodarczego oraz jego limitacji. Zagadnienia filozoficzno-prawne
Authors: Kociołek-Pęksa Anna
Published: March 2019

The dissertation substantiates the possibility of applying the idea of law as a tool for defining the limits of legal interference in an economic system. Adopting the concept of law based on the Economical Analysis of Law it advocates the belief that the implementation of the idea of law consisting of three values – advisability, justice and legal safety – is the most optimal and effective instrument in determining the limits of legal regulations with regard to a liberal market economy. One can conclude then, that the idea of law can very well be described as a general cultural axiological system, especially with regard to the economic and legal culture. It is a system of values that determines the processes of internalization and institutionalization of norms and above all legal and moral ones. The law is a factor that determines and organizes the social life and it determines for the same reason the art and limits of economic activities. It cannot therefore be enacted in isolation from economic and axiological questions. As Gustav Radbruch observes, the law, as well positive as the natural law is a cultural phenomenon and can be looked into only in connection with values and always with reference to them. The positive law must embody and implement the idea of law. And although it is indisputable that no ideal legal or economic system can be completely fulfilled, the striving toward those ideals is an obligation for any society. Resigning and giving up the ideal does not simply mean the preservation of the status quo, but it results in regression and in repeating of former dysfunctions and/or other negative solutions.
Autostrady na Euro 2012
Authors: Kaliński Janusz
Published: March 2019

The decision to organize Euro 2012 in Poland was a challenge in the sphere of construction of economic infrastructure. Particular emphasis was put on construction and modernization of road network. The highway construction program that begun in 2006 was sped up and its priorities were slightly changed. However, when the Euro 2012 approached financial, environmental and construction problems were noticed. Many contracts were not realistic which caused arguments between the authorities and the building contractors. As a result the important and prestigious highway between Łódź and Warsaw was conditionally operational two days before the fi rst match. In spite of addition of 500 km of roads between 2011–2012 the highway construction program was not finished according to the plans. There were 423 km of A1 highway (Gdansk–border with Czech Republic) planned but 315 km were not build on time. Situation was similar on the A4 highway (German border–Ukrainian border) were instead of 297 km of roads only 74 km were finished. The only fragments that were finished as planned were 197 km on the A2 highway (German border–Warsaw) and 22,4 km of the A8 highway (Wrocław beltway).
Wymiar społeczny korporacji finansowych w systemie kapitalistycznym
Authors: Pniewska Katarzyna Marta
Published: March 2019

In capitalism the capital plays superior role. Financial markets and financial corporations have a special and fundamental place in it due to their importance for market economy and economic growth. For a long time the pathologies of capitalism like degradation of environment, increasing gulf between rich and poor, social exclusion and global disequilibrium that capitalism is responsible for were ignored. The explanation was that the market will solve all the problems. Unfortunately, the market isn’t perfect. A good example of market imperfections is the use of excess capital for speculation. Therefore it is necessary to redefine the role of financial corporation so it includes social matters.
Działania Banku Centralnego Norwegii w czasie kryzysu gospodarczego 2007+
Authors: Twarowski Bartosz
Published: March 2019

The period of global economic crisis starting from 2008 is a great challenge for public institutions responsible for macroeconomic management. Although Norway is a country that has not been significantly affected by the crisis, the pace and scale of countercyclical actions were a major challenge for Norwegian institutions. The activities of the Norwegian central bank included interest rate policy, liquidity management on the interbank market and supervision of the oil fund. The policy of interest rates had a huge importance in 2008 when the bank made a few decisions under conditions of high uncertainty and unprecedented scale. The initial phase of the crisis was also crucial in terms of liquidity and policy of enhancing stability of Norwegian banks. Due to high fluctuations of prices on stock, bond and real estate markets it was also extremely difficult to manage the oil fund portfolio. Nevertheless, through effective policy the Bank of Norway has contributed to minimizing the crisis’ costs.
Unia Europejska jako podmiot w procesie instytucjonalizacji stosunków międzynarodowych
Authors: Stryjek Joanna
Published: March 2019

European Union is principal example of the so-called fourth current of institutionalization of international relations. What makes it special in the context of other state-like communities is the level of integration and what follows the level of institutionalization of intra-communal relations. There are two levels of institutionalization of intentional relations in integration organizations. On the first level international relations are institutionalized within the community of states. The second level concentrates on institutionalization of relations between the community and other subjects of international relations. The European Union is an example of organization that is advanced on both levels of institutionalization. This paper analyzes institutionalization of international relations between EU and developed states (Australia and New Zealand) and Mercosur – another integrational organization. Recommencement of negotiation between EU and Mercosur on a treaty of association, as well as commencement of negotiations between EU and Australia on the conditions of a Framework Agreement, have taken place at the moment when it was certain that world economy has to cope with the effects of a serious recession. Those actions, although they may seem irrational, are thoroughly rational as they increase the chances of reaching a compromise. Crisis helps to concentrate on the core problems and states (or organizations of states) are more willing in that distinctions to reach an agreement, provided that the balance tilts in their favor (even if the results of negotiations are very diff erent from what was assumed at the beginning).
Fundusz Rezerwy Demograficznej – analiza działalności oraz konsekwencje przedterminowego wykorzystania aktywów
Authors: Rutecka Joanna
Published: March 2019

Demographic Reserve Fund (FRD) has been created in Poland in 2002 to offer additional source of financing for old-age pension system in case it faces significant deficit resulting from demographic reasons. This buffer fund aims mainly at balancing the incomes and expenditures of pension system in times when baby boomers will be offered old-age pension benefits. The main sources of its financing were defined as pension contributions and revenues from privatization of state owned companies. But after several years of its activity it has turned out that the operations of the fund came in contradiction with its main goals, mainly due to early usage of its assets. The article presents main characteristics of Polish Demographic Reserve Fund, basic principles of its functioning, portfolio structure and rates of return. Moreover, it tries to give some opinion in hot debate about the purposes and effects of accumulating assets in pension reserve funds in times of budget shortages.
Strategie, polityki i narzędzia wspierania kreatywności i innowacyjności w gospodarce w Unii Europejskiej. Praktyczne zastosowanie multilevel governance na poziomie krajowym i wspólnotowym
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the Lisbon Strategy and the Strategy Europe 2020 which concentrate on supporting economic innovation within the EU. Moreover EU common policies are discussed, particularly competition policy that sets the rules for public aid. The tools for supporting creativity and innovations are also  discussed, beginning with the EU Framework Programs, operational programs on state level, and ending at common initiatives. Horizon 2020, a new framework program for the years 2014–2020, is particularly interesting in the context of creativity and innovations. Horizon 2020 includes actions aimed at increasing the level of innovation in economy and society of EU and its member states. The analysis was conducted in the context of mulitlevel governance in the areas of creativity and innovation in economy, culture and society.
Kto się boi księcia Metternicha?
Authors: Tarnawski Eduard
Published: March 2019

Th e author proposes a test for the propensity of being a reactionary that he calls ”Metternich test”, although Robert Stewart Castlereagh (1769–1822) could also be called as an examiner. Undoubtedly only Russian tsars can be considered reactionary monarchs, starting from Nicholas I (1796–1855). To judge whether president Putin is a reactionary we need authority of Alexandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008). Although Henry Kissinger is called Metternich of 20th century, he is not suit for the function of examiner. Author elaborates on the faith Metternich had in love as a force that makes politics possible. A person that can’t understand the life of other people, cannot understand history. Aft er Nicholas I became tsar all Russian doctinaires, such as Sergey Uvarov (1786–1855), Konstantin Leontiev (1831–1891) and Konstantin Pobedonostsev 1827–1907), formulated principles of reaction. The paper ends with Wacław Nałkowski’s (1851–1911) critique of Henryk Sienkiewicz as a reactionary.
Turbokapitalizm – szanse i zagrożenia rozwoju w warunkach gospodarki wysoko rozwiniętej
Authors: Brudnicki Piotr
Published: March 2019

This paper acquainted readers with the concept of turbo-capitalism as a form of capitalism. The person who precisely defi ne this is Edward Luttwak, term of turbo-capitalism through free markets, privatization, globalization and deregulation. The paper set the basic differences between capitalism and turbo-capitalism. Economic stability and job security is for the individual “better tomorrow”. The development of technology and faster flow of information should promote economic development and economic progress of modern states. I would like to draw. the attention on the fact that turbo-capitalism is focused on maximizing profits, which does not solve social problems. National governments are losing economic strenght and, consequently, reduces social welfare and does not prevent crime and terrorism. Multiplication of turbo-capitalism profits leads to the increase of unemployment and therefore social pathology. This paper shows that the wellbeing, which is the main objective of turbo-capitalism, could not be the main goal of politics and society as it improves the material status of a few individuals, while it does not bring happiness to the majority. My work in this area is a “voice” of the wise limitations of turbo-capitalism, because this process uncontrolled can lead to the destruction of mankind. I tried to show that turbo-capitalism is the greatest threat to democracy. Capitalism could not focus on the individual, because it leads to “loneliness” of people in a wide range. In my work I have acquainted the reader with the situation created in Bhutan, during the inventions of civilization. I had presented in this work opportunities for Third World countries through the free movement of capital, modern technologies and investments. The reader has to understand, however, that the information revolution brings very big threat to humanity. The Industrial Revolution leads t o rapid growth in employment and decline of information technology indicators at one time. The reader should learn from the negative effects of the American turbo-capitalism and help to develop positive qualities.
Buthan - droga ku demokracji
Authors: Jabłońska Elżbieta
Published: March 2019

The text attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the most important events and factors which have influenced the establishment of democracy in the Kingdom of Bhutan. On March 2008, Bhutan officially transformed from absolute monarchy to a modern constitutional monarchy by the successful conduct of its first parliamentary elections and the promulgation of the Constitution. Fourth King of Bhutan, His Majesty Jigme Singhye Wangchuck (referred to as “the father of democratic Bhutan”), finalized a long -term vision of democratization and decentralization by giving executive power to the Council of Ministers (Lhengye Zhungtshog). Both the moral foundation, the idea of Gross National Happiness (GNH)  and enlightened monarchy has been the factor that determines and organizes the social and political life in Bhutan. GNH assumes that the real development is possible only when there is a balance between economic, social, emotional, spiritual and cultural needs. The Bhutan’s way to democracy is undoubtedly successful and the hard political work which has been ongoing for years, is still evolving.
Jen - od ery Meiji do ery Heisei
Authors: Kaliński Janusz
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to provide short introduction to the history of Yen from its introduction as Japanese currency in 1870s. The paper highlights most impor‑ tant aspects in interrelations between monetary policy and economic, social and military development of Japan in 19, 20 and 21 centuries.
Perspektywy uwolnienia rynku gazu ziemnego w Polsce - kierunki działań w latach 2012-2014
Authors: Latoszek Ewa , Speczik Mateusz
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse recent actions undertaken in Poland with the purpose of liberalising the natural gas market. It seems that the drive towards a liberalised natural gas market has been dynamic in Poland in recent years, especially due to the strong EU pressure after the introduction of the third energy package.
Ochrona danych osobowych i kierunki zmian w tej dziedzinie w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Gajda Anastazja
Published: March 2019

The paper concentrates on the protection of personal data in the European Union. The paper presents a comprehensive reform of the data protection frame‑ work, proposed by the European Commission in January 2012, including a policy Communication setting out the Commission’s objectives and two legislative pro‑ posals: a regulation setting out a general EU framework for data protection and a directive on protecting personal data processed for the purposes of prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences and related judicial activities. Both proposals concern the question of ensuring effective protection of fundamental rights. The analysis of the proposed legislation shows nevertheless that in this shape they do not lead to consistency and uniformity of the entire system of personal data protection in the EU. Significant differences in both proposals concern including different subject matter and material scope, effective protection of fundamental rights and the establishment of the hierarchy of the existing legal acts in this area.
Projekt reformy ochrony danych osobowych - czy rzeczywiście powstanie jednolity i spójny system?
Authors: Grzelak Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

In January 2014 two years passed since the European Commission presented a package of reforms of the system of personal data protection in the EU. Com‑ mission proposed to create, in its opinion, a uniform and consistent system across the EU. The idea of the paper is to answer the question whether the Commission’s proposal to adopt two separate acts (one as a general system, and the second for cooperation in criminal matters and police), should meet the proposed assumptions. In order to analyze that, first the treaty background is presented, then current legal status in the field of personal data in the EU, and finally a comparative analysis of the solutions of the two drafts. The analysis leads to the conclusion that there are serious concerns about the lack of consistency.
Funkcjonowanie państwowych funduszy rezerwowych o celu emerytalnym na przykładzie doświadczeń Norwegii
Authors: Rutecka Joanna
Published: March 2019

Pensions reserve funds are permanent elements of social security systems in many countries. In others they play important role of a useful solution that helps to alleviate temporary deficits in social security. One of the few countries that gath‑ ered very large pensions reserves is Norway. It is an excellent example of a country that uses oil revenues to fulfil the long ‑term liabilities of the social security system and promote solidarity between generations. The article analyses the sources of fundraising and methods of asset management used in Norwegian public reserve funds. The collection of large reserves was possible only due to permanent sur‑ plus in state budget resulting from oil revenues. Assets collected in the fund were then invested in highly diversified and long ‑term portfolio that proved to be very effective. Norwegian pension reserve fund Global showed that the right strategies of asset allocation and broad geographical diversifications may result in rates of return much higher than constructed benchmarks. Moreover, it can also meet the expectations of ethical and socially ‑responsible investments.
Integracja gospodarcza Danii, Finlandii i Szwecji z Unią Europejską
Authors: Leśniewski Leszek
Published: March 2019

This paper explores economic integration of the Scandinavian states (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) with the European Union during the global crisis. The aim of this paper is to present comparative study of different choices made by these countries with regard to the European integration: EMU opt – out clause in Denmark, membership of Finland in the European Monetary Union and derogation for Sweden – and as result different reaction to the financial and economic crises
Analiza rozwoju rynku telefonii mobilnej w Polsce w latach 2002-2013
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Paweł
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes and current state of the Polish mobile telephony market. The thesis of the article states that a multiple increase in demand for telecommunication services has been observed on the Polish mobile telephony market in 2002–2013. The article describes the transformation of the Polish mobile telephony market based on its demonopolization and liberalisation. The quantitative research was based on the annual statistical data of Central Statistical Office and reports of Office of Electronic Communications.
Polityka pieniężna Narodowego Banku Polskiego od roku 1989
Authors: Franka Paweł , Wisz Anna
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the activities of National Bank of Poland during the past twenty-five year and more specifically in the years 1989–2013 with particular emphasis on monetary policy. During this time, the Polish central bank has undergone fundamental change, starting from the position of the so-called monobank, i.e. bank without autonomy in activities, characteristic of planned economy. The article describes the process of transformation of the National Bank of Poland to the role of a central bank operating in a market economy. The paper emphasizes all the important events in the transformation, including building of a two-tier banking system, the gradual replacement of the administrative measures by monetary policy instruments, currency denomination, constitutional guarantees of the role and independence of the National Bank of Poland, creation of the Monetary Policy Council – a departure from the single monetary policy-making in favor of collegiality, changing the monetary policy strategy to direct inflation targeting, bank exchange rates policy, open market operations.
Influence of immigration on dynamics of economic growth and on condition and standing of public finance of Spain
Authors: Romiszewska Anna
Published: March 2019

At the turn of 20th and 21st century, Spain was one of target countries of earning immigration not only in the European Union, but in the entire world as well. This paper aims at analyzing the influence of immigration on the dynamics of Spanish GDP in the context of its direct influence on the level of productivity, employment rate, as well as the demographic factor that results from the share of working foreigners in the creation of national income, and the indirect impact resulting from its influence on, among other things, functioning of the labor market through mobility or occupational activity, as well as on changes in the volume of demand notified in the economy. Next, we are going to present the influence of immigration on condition and standing of public finance against the background of revenues generated by foreigners and public expenditures borne on immigrated population. Due to the size of this paper and difficult availability of data, the analysis will cover the country as a whole, disregarding regional differences
Treatment of Drug Resistant Enteric Fever with an Uncertain Destination!
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Hossain Homayra Tahseen
Published: March 2019

Abstract not available

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 50-52
Colposcopic Evaluation of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Positive Cases of Unhealthy Cervix
Authors: Kasem Setara Binte , Razzaque Shaikh Abdur , Adiba Raisa , Anika Selma , Banik Mala
Published: March 2019

Cervical cancer is the commonest form of cancer in women in virtually all developing countries1. It is the third most common cancer among women worldwide2. Almost 80% of cervical cancer occurs in developing countries. In developed nations, the figure for invasive cervical cancer are much lower due to adaptation of different screening tests1. All sexually active women are at risk of acquiring a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection which may lead to cervical cancer in the future3. Cervical cancer is a preventable disease as the different screening, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are effective. The screening procedures are VIA (Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid), Pap’s smear and HPV DNA test. Colposcopy is the triage in screening, taking colpospoy directed biopsy as well as treatment of CIN such as cold coagulation, cryotherapy, and LEEP (Loop electro-surgical excision procedure)4. Objective: To study the role of Colposcopy in the evaluation VIA positive cases of unhealthy cervix, to localize the leisons to obtain the biopsies from the selected areas and detection of precancerous lesion of cervix for early management. Meterials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done among 306 married women aged 18-65 years who had clinically unhealthy cervix attending the VIA and colposcopy clinic in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. All the patients were subjected to VIA test. Colposcopic evaluation done in VIA positive cases and the findings were noted. Colposcopy directed biopsy was taken from colposcopically suspected areas. Results: Out of 306 cases, 63 women had positive VIA tests and 233 women had negative VIA tests. Colposcopic evaluation were undertaken among 63 VIA positive cases. Colposcopy directed punch biopsy revealed that 28 (60.32%) cases had positive lesions like CIN or invasive carcinoma and 25 (39.68%) had neither CIN or invasive lesions . Among positive leisons about 30.16% had CINI, 1.59 % had CIN II, 0% had CIN III and 28.57% had invasive carcinoma. In this study sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy examination of VIA positive cases were found 94.74% and 56% respectively. Conclusion: It is evident that colposcopy plays a very important role in the evaluation of VIA positive cases of unhealthy cervix. So that early diagnosis and treatment of preinvasive and early invasive carcinoma of cervixis is possible. So wide use of colposcopy in screening program of Bangladesh speciallly in the VIA positive cases can reduce the many young women’s morbidity and mortality.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 60-65
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Teenage and Young Women
Authors: Nahar Kamrun
Published: March 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an inherent ovarian dysfunction. It is a common health problem that can affect teen girls and young women. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular ovulatory cycle and metabolic derangement , including glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. Hyperandrogenism is a clinical hallmark of PCOS. Hypersecretion of androgen by the stromal theca cell of polycystic ovary is cardinal clinical manifestation. Though the exact cause of PCOS is not known , the syndrome can result from disturbance in the hypothalamo pituitary ovarian axis and hyperinsulinaemia. Several definitions have been produced to describe the disease. European society of human reproduction and embryology and the American society for reproductive medicine in 2004 define PCOS as manifestation of two of the following three

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 78-82
Memoria democrática y verdad
Authors: Benavides Solís Jorge
Published: March 2019

En los textos de invitación y forma de participar en el “debate”, constato que se trata de reflexionar sobre la forma de cómo hacer operativos y prácticos los objetivos del artículo cuatro de la Ley 2/2017, en el cual se precisa lo que se entiende por memoria democrática en Andalucía.
PAX-Patios de la Axerquía y el valor social del patrimonio
Authors: Redaelli Gaia Angelica
Published: March 2019

Si la burbuja inmobiliaria representa la ocupación indiscriminada del territorio, España sufre hoy el acoso de esa misma especulación, pero en la ciudad consolidada, en las casas de sus habitantes. La dicotomía entre economía global y cultura local afecta sobre todo a aquellos entornos que han sufrido mayor crisis y, al mismo tiempo, tienen mayor valor patrimonial, como las ciudades del Mediterráneo. PAX-Patios de la Axerquía, impulsada por un grupo de arquitectos/as y antropólogos/as, es una estrategia de regeneración urbana con procesos cooperativos para la puesta en uso de las casas-patio vacías en el casco histórico de Córdoba. El re-uso de la ciudad existente, en su valor patrimonial material e inmaterial en un barrio objeto de gentrificación, es una operación bottom-up en política de vivienda, patrimonio, reactivación urbana e innovación social, a través de la actualización del uso de los patios con procesos cooperativos. En coherencia con la Convención de Faro y el valor social del patrimonio.
Los caminos tortuosos de las defensoras de la(s) memoria(s) de la posguerra peruana
Authors: Ramos López José
Published: March 2019

Los ausentes están presentes penando por aquí y por allá. Los años pasan pero sus voces silenciadas aún son transmitidas por sus familiares. Su presencia es ineludible a tal punto de haberse constituido en personas imperdibles dentro de la cotidianeidad. Miles de almas fueron el coste de la mantención del orden en el sasachakuy tiempo (tiempos difíciles) percibidas como vidas que no importan. Ante esta situación, muchas mujeres asumieron el camino de la búsqueda de su ser querido, cargando dentro de ellas los recuerdos, silencios, secretos y sensibilidades personales que le arraigan a un pasado tormentoso. Se reflexiona sobre cómo las mujeres hoy en día reinterpretan y utilizan el recuerdo violento como un impulso de motivación y resiliencia en sus luchas dimensionales por la construcción de una memoria responsable y democrática.
Huelva y costa occidental en el IAPH
Authors: Del Patrimonio Histórico Instituto Andaluz
Published: March 2019

Huelva y la costa occidental es una demarcación paisajística que se localiza en el suroeste de Andalucía. Los municipios que comprende esta demarcación son Ayamonte, Isla Cristina, Lepe, Cartaya, Aljaraque, Gibraleón, Huelva, San Juan del Puerto, Moguer, Palos de la Frontera y Punta Umbría.A través de la Guía Digital del Patrimonio Cultural de Andalucía (https://guiadigital.iaph.es/inicio), se podrá encontrar la información de patrimonio mueble, inmueble, inmaterial y paisajes culturales, además de otros contenidos como rutas culturales, imágenes, referencias bibliográficas, productos multimedia y obras restauradas de esta demarcación.
El IAPH bucea y difunde las buenas prácticas para la activación del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Luque Ceballos Isabel
Published: March 2019

El I Encuentro Patrimonio de Proximidad se celebró en mayo de 2018. La intención: visibilizar el trabajo de los agentes del patrimonio en conexión con el territorio. Resaltando otras formas de gestionarlo. Se pretendía un encuentro de experiencias. Algunas, invitadas por su trayectoria y reconocimiento. Otras, seleccionadas desde una convocatoria abierta al territorio. El resultado fue un Encuentro con un programa que reflejaba el trabajo de profesionales, colectivos y asociaciones vinculadas al patrimonio cultural con algo en común: llevar a cabo buenas prácticas en la activación del patrimonio cultural. La reflexión continuó en enero de 2019 con una segunda reunión de debate celebrada en la Casa del Pumarejo, ejemplo inspirador en la activación del patrimonio cultural desde la comunidad.