bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La violencia en países del Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (TNCA). Análisis retrospectivo, 1999-2015
Authors: Benavides Osorto Marco Vinicio
Published: February 2018

En este artículo trata de la violencia del TNCA (Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica), con las tasas de homicidios intencionales más altas del planeta, siendo en el 2015, El Salvador (83,5), Honduras (57), Guatemala (34.9), afectados en su orden por altos índices de violencia. En los tres casos, las cifras sobrepasan el promedio mundial de 6.2 por cada 100 mil habitantes estipulado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Por su parte la ONU define la región como la más mortífera del mundo, donde uno de cada 50 hombres morirá asesinado antes de los 31 años. El Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (TNCA) –Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador– cuenta con una población aproximada de 31 millones de habitantes y 242.4 mil kilómetros cuadrados, lidera los índices de migración y criminalidad en la región, las altas tasas de homicidios, solo se comparan con zonas en guerra como Siria y Afganistán, países que están por encima del umbral de los 10 homicidios por cada 100,000 habitantes, situación que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera como un problema epidémico. La metodología empleada es un análisis de tipo descriptivo, transversal, comparativo durante los años 1999-2015. En el periodo 1999- 2015 en los países del TNCA fallecieron por homicidio violento un total de 217,333 personas. Se compararon datos entre países de Triángulo Norte, durante los últimos 17 años, se tomó en cuenta los homicidios intencionales reportados por las diversas agencias gubernamentales de cada país. La fuente de datos consultados fue: INACIF (Guatemala), COEPOL (Honduras), IML (El Salvador). La situación de violencia en la región ha sido catalogada como un fenómeno multicausal, atribuyen la creciente violencia a la influencia del narcotráfico, altos niveles de corrupción, violencia intrafamiliar, organización eficiente de grupos delictivos, factores que contribuyen al aumento y profundización de la delincuencia y el crimen organizado, que se reflejan en estructuras militares, estructuras políticas y estructuras sociales. Las maras y pandillas constituyen un factor que contribuye al incremento de la violencia al servicio al tráfico de drogas y de personas que contratan sus servicios como sicarios, distribución y venta de droga, lo que ha provocado el aumento delconsumo local y de la conflictividad social en los tres países.
Por uma implicação política e conceitual nos estudos sobre homens, masculinidades e violência de gênero
Authors: Batista Kevin Samuel Alves , Lima Aluísio Ferreira de
Published: February 2018

Este escrito propõe uma discussão política e conceitual acerca da temática dos homens autores de violência de gênero, situando-a como fruto dos estudos feministas sobre homens e masculinidades. A partir de uma retomada histórica-conceitual, procedemos uma análise terminológica a partir de Suely Almeida, Lourdes Bandeira e Heleieth Saffioti. Verificamos que estas pesquisas são orientadas por vertentes teórico-conceituais diversas, repercutindo no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e influenciando na formação acadêmica-científica brasileira. Compreendemos essas discussões como campo de disputas políticas, e tomamos uma posição diante das vastas terminologias, uma vez que “violência de gênero” é o termo que se alinha às concepções que tentamos desenvolver ao longo de nossos estudos. Destacamos que no exercício de pesquisa sobre homens e as masculinidades, pesquisadores e pesquisadoras precisam abrir mão de compreensões patriarcais e androcêntricas. Falar de homens é falar, necessariamente, da relação com outros gêneros e da relação dos homens com seu próprio gênero.
Trabalho e Educação: elementos para pensar a fomentação do precariado juvenil no Brasil do século XXI
Authors: Medeiros Milena Gomes
Published: February 2018

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a formação do precaridado no Brasil do século XXI, demonstrando como as mediações entre as políticas educacionais e de trabalho tem contribuído para viabilizar e intensificar esta formação. Uma das conclusões é que algumas medidas políticas no âmbito educacional e do trabalho vem na tentativa de se tornar um amortecedor dos ciclos entre exploração e inserção no exército de reserva, quando viabiliza a oportunidade dos jovens obterem um treinamento para o mercado e o ingresso na educação superior possibilitando a continuidade deste ciclo.
Determinants of Violations in the SET50 Index Options Pricing Relationships: Put-Call-Futures Parity and Box Spread Tests
Authors: Jongadsayakul Woradee
Published: February 2018

Although SET50 Index Options, the only option product on Thailand Futures Exchange, has been traded since October 29, 2007, it has faced the liquidity problem. The SET50 Index Options market must offer a risk premium to compensate investors for liquidity risk. It may cause violations in options pricing relationships. This research therefore uses daily data from October 29, 2007 to December 30, 2016 to compare the violations in SET50 Index Options pricing relationships before and after change in contract specification on October 29, 2012 and investigate determinants of these violations using Tobit model. Two tests of SET50 Index Options pricing relationships, Put-Call-Futures Parity and Box Spread, are employed. The test results of Put-Call-Futures Parity show that the percentage and baht amount of violations in many cases are greater in the period before the modification of SET50 Index Options. Without transaction costs, we also see more Box Spread violations before contract adjustment. However, after taking transaction costs into account, there are more percentage and baht amount of Box Spread violations in the later time period. The estimation of Tobit model shows that the violation sizes of both Put-Call-Futures Parity and Box Spread, excluding transaction costs, depend on the liquidity of SET50 Index Options market measured by option moneyness and open interest. The SET50 Index Options contract specification, especially exercise price, also significantly affects the size of violations, though the direction of a relationship is not cleared.
Dictionary Culture of University Students Learning English as a Foreign Language in Turkey
Authors: Baskin Sami , Mumcu Muhsin
Published: February 2018

Dictionaries, one of the oldest tools of language education, have continued to be a part of education although information technologies and concept of education has changed over time. Until today, with the help of the developments in technology both types of dictionaries have increased, and usage areas have expanded. Therefore, it is possible to find a dictionary of different types that are applicable to each situation, rather than a single dictionary for every situation. Determining this diversity and the preferences of users is very important in terms of the quality of the education to be given and the new dictionaries to be written.In this study, dictionary preferences of students learning English as a foreign language in Turkey, factors affecting these preferences, past dictionary experiences and trainings were discussed. For this purpose, a survey with 25 questions was collected from 83 students who were learning English in the preparatory classes of Gaziosmanpasa University.The data obtained from the surveys was transferred to the SPSS program and frequency analyses were made. Numerical breakdowns and descriptive analysis of students’ dictionary preferences and factors affecting these preferences were realized. The results revealed that the majority of the students learning English as a foreign language in Turkey did not receive any training on using dictionaries although they bought and used their first dictionaries at primary school. It was also found that language level had an important effect on dictionary usage and as students’ level of language increased they considered dictionaries as easy tools. Besides, students with lower language skills found dictionaries as more informative sources than other students.
The Factors Affecting the Intercultural Sensitivity Perception Level of Psychological Counseling and Guidance Students
Authors: Tuncel Ibrahim , Aricioglu Ahu
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the intercultural sensitivity perception levels of Psychological Counseling and Guidance students. This study was conducted in Pamukkale University which is located in the western part of Turkey. Data were gathered from 524 freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior students who are studying in the Psychological Counseling and Guidance department. The study was designed as a survey research. As a data collection tool, “Intercultural Sensitivity Scale” which was developed by Chen and Strasto (2000) and adapted to Turkish language by Bulduk, Tosun, and Ardic (2011) was employed. In the analysis of the data, the t-test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. According to the findings of the study, it was determined that the more grade level rises, the more students’ intercultural sensitivity perception level increases. It was found that the intercultural sensitivity perception levels were higher for students who stated that their experiences during undergraduate studies affected their views on cultural differences positively and for those having lived with various cultures than other participants. It was also found that the factors affecting the intercultural sensitivity perception level of students who are studying in Psychological Counseling and Guidance department are such; grade level, experience in undergraduate level, the longest place of settlement, a situation of being with different cultures. When the situation of being with different cultures increases intercultural sensitivity is considered, making widespread of international and national student exchange programs such as ERASMUS and FARABI and arranging educational settings by giving place for interaction with various cultures might be suggested.
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices on Consumer Behavior (with Reference to FMCGs in Tamil Nadu)
Authors: Kannaiah Desti , Jayakumar A.
Published: February 2018

Business enterprises are traditionally known as engines for driving the economic performance of an entity, its success being measured in terms of high returns on equity and its contribution to the development of the society. The business enterprises get everything from the society for its survival and it is the obligation of the enterprise to return positive attitudes towards the society. If it fails to meet the expectations of the society, the society will punish the firm through their purchase behavior. Hence, the success of any business enterprise depends mainly on the ethical behavior of the enterprise towards the society. The Indian Government has made mandatory the CSR provisions and almost all the companies are actively engage in CSR activities. Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMGCs) are the fastest growing industry in India and numbers of FMCGs companies are doing different CSR practices. Hence, it is essential to study about the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility practices on consumer behavior with reference to FMCGs in Tamil Nadu. For this, 600 responses were collected from selected corporations in TamilNadu by a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling technique has been adopted to collect the primary data. The study concluded that there has been a positive impact among the consumers as the consumers in Tamil Nadu considered CSR in their purchase evaluation criteria, and they give much importance to CSR related products etc.
A Video Based Intervention to Support Children’s Social, Emotional and Mental Health
Authors: Stephens Zoe , Jackson Charlotte Marie , Cross Will
Published: February 2018

The intention of Reflect as an innovative intervention was to enhance and highlight the building blocks of Five to Thrive (Kate Cairns Associates 2012: Respond, Cuddle, Relax, Play and Talk) and help pre-school setting practitioners see how applying more of these principles could support positive change in a child’s behaviour. The report provides background, research and theory behind the approach and intervention, and explains why it was chosen in this situation. It gives a description of how it is delivered in practice, so that it can be reproduced.Key findings suggest progress in 2 main areas; 1) children’s behaviour, emotional literacy and self-regulation and 2) change in the practitioners’ approach to managing behaviour, their perception and attitude towards the children. Results from ratings by parents and pre-school staff using a standardised measure of behaviour (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), showed improvements in children’s behaviour by decreased scores in behaviour difficulties sub-scales post intervention. The Overall Stress data from staff ratings combined scores for 4 difficulty measures (emotional, behavioural concerns, hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationships) showed that 4% of children were functioning close to the ‘Average’ band pre-intervention, compared to 50% post intervention. Furthermore, staff ratings showed significant reductions to the number of children scoring at the most concerning ‘Very High’ difficulties band; 67% pre-intervention compared to 29% post intervention. All children made progress against individually set learning behaviour goals.Progress and usefulness of Reflect was also evidenced qualitatively from setting staff evaluations and perceptions of the workers who delivered the intervention.
Global Sustainability Risk to India
Authors: Donnellan John , Rutledge Wanda
Published: February 2018

Global economic risk management extends beyond India’s borders and will have severe impact if not properly addressed. According to the World Economic Forum (2016), “A global risk is an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, can cause significant negative impact for several countries or industries within the next ten years.” These risks include: ageing population, climate change, polarization of societies, rise of chronic diseases, rise of cyber dependency, rising geographic mobility, wealth disparity, shifts in power, and urbanization (World Economic Forum, 2016). This paper focuses on two primary sectors of the Indian economy: agriculture and water. In addition, discussions around the positive and negative aspects of global economic risks from natural disasters and the ways in which these risks have been accepted, avoided, mitigated or transferred in India. In conclusion, the paper presents a forecasting model on what to expect in these sectors over the next decade.
Reflexiones en torno a la concepción humanista y antropológica de la cultura
Authors: Busquet Durán Jordi
Published: February 2018

El objeto de este artículo es clarificar el concepto de cultura, cuyo uso generalizado  ha  supuesto cierta banalización  del mismo.  Se expone de manera  clara y  rigurosa las dos principales  concepciones de la  cultura:  la humanista  y la antropológica. Al mismo tiempo  se profundiza en la idea de cultura como estilo de vida, noción que tiene un indudable interés en el campo de la publicidad.
Creatividad publicitaria eficaz
Authors: Lozano Delmar Javier
Published: February 2018

Carlos Navarro Gutiérrez, Madrid,ESIC Editorial, 2007
Le débordement du travail sur le temps personnel des cadres français
Authors: Genin Émilie
Published: February 2018

Cet article présente un portrait du phénomène de débordement du travail sur le temps personnel (c’est-à-dire le travail exécuté en dehors des lieux et des horaires de travail habituels) à partir d’une enquête quantitative menée par un syndicat français auprès de plus de mille cadres (des gestionnaires et des professionnels au sens nord-américain). Les données permettent de cerner l’étendue du phénomène, ainsi que certains de ses déterminants. Notre modèle de recherche repose sur les trois hypothèses suivantes :

Les résultats indiquent que plus de la moitié des participants travaillent à la maison quelques heures par semaines alors que plus du tiers le font de façon régulière. Contrairement à nos hypothèses, l’âge est positivement associé au débordement du travail alors que le sexe ne l’est pas. Des analyses de régression indiquent aussi que la charge de travail, les déplacements professionnels fréquents, ainsi que la multiplication des technologies de l’information et de la communication tendent à augmenter la fréquence du débordement du travail sur le temps personnel. Ces résultats illustrent les recompositions des temps de travail associés aux modèles de productions postfordistes qui induisent, notamment, une plus grande porosité entre les temps personnels et professionnels.
UPOREDNE KARAKTERISTIKE POTKOLENIH KOSTIJU (OSSA CRURIS) SRNE (CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS) I OVCE (OVIS ARIES) U CILJU UTVRĐIVANJA PRIPADNOSTI ŽIVOTINJSKOJ VRSTI
Authors: Nešić Ivana , Blagojević Zdenka , Božičković Ivana , Nedić Drago , Đurić Spomenka , Đorđević Milena , Nikolić Aleksandra
Published: February 2018

Česti su slučajevi krivolova u kojima je potrebno na osnovu morfoloških karakteristikakostiju utvrditi kojoj životinjskoj vrsti pripadaju. Metodom komparacije obavljenaje forenzička analiza osteoloških karakteristika kostiju srne i ovce.Za ispitivanje uporednih karakteristika potkolenih kostiju (Ossa cruris) upotrebljenoje 6 potkolenih kostiju od srne i 8 od ovce. Kada je sa kostiju skinuta koža, mišići,arterijski, venski i limfni sudovi, nervi, one se termički obrađuju u autoklavu. Posle kuvanja,kosti su stavljene u 3
UPRAVLJANJE RIZICIMA OD POPLAVA I KLIZIŠTA
Authors: Ferizbegović Jasmin , Hadžiahmedović Jurida Elvira , Purdić Mersad , Đapo Sandra , Tanković Sanin
Published: February 2018

Poplave se uglavnom javljaju kao posljedica promjene režima padavina i predstavljajunajznačajniju i najučestaliju prirodnu nesreću povezanu s klimatskim promjenama.Klimatske promjene su kontinuiran proces koji uzrokuje: globalno otopljavanje,podizanje nivoa mora, promjenu režima padavina, povećanje broja olujnih vjetrova tesve veću ograničenost pristupa izvorima pitke vode. Ovi događaji često dovode do tzv.„vanrednih stanja“ i značajno utiču na zdravlje ljudi i životinja, narušavajući uobičajeneuslove za život kao što su (smještaj,vodosnabdijevanje, ishrana). Kao posljedicatakvih uslova, javlja se rizik od pojave različitih zaraznih i parazitarnih oboljenja, kaoi rizik od povećanja broja oboljelih od masovnih nezaraznih oboljenja. U periodu od29.04. do 4.05.2014. godine prema izvještaju Federalnog hidrometeorološkog zavodaBiH, na području općine Tuzla u prosjeku je palo više od 70 l/m2 kiše. Uslijed ovakovelikih padavina i nastalih poplava, a posebno intenzivnog klizanja zemljišta, pričinjenesu ogromne materijalne štete, na cijelom području općine Tuzla. Pomoć u spašavanjustanovništva i materijalnih dobara pružena je od strane angažovanih službi zaštitei spašavanja, pravnih lica, Oružanih snaga BiH, dobrovoljaca, udruženja građana iraznih vladinih i nevladinih organizacija i humanitarnih organizacija. Samo adekvatno,to znači stručno i profesionalno provođenje svih mjera može dati zadovoljavajućerezultate, smanjiti rizike i ublažiti njihove štetne posljedice uzrokovane poplavama inastalim klizištima.
NOVI LEK U VETERINARSKOJ KLINIČKOJ PRAKSI – OKLACITINIB MALEAT
Authors: Ćupić Vitomir , Ivanović Saša , Žugić Gordana , Ćupić Miladinović Dejana , Blagojević Miloš
Published: February 2018

Uvođenjem novog leka oklacitinib maleata u veterinarsku kliničku praksu napravljenje značajan pomak u lečenju alergijskog i kliničkih slučajeva atopijskog dermatitisa(posebno pratećeg svraba) kod pasa.U lečenju ovih bolesti do sada su se najčešće koristili glukokortikoidi, ciklosporin iantihistaminici. Pokazalo se da ciklosporin ima sličnu aktivnost kao i glukokortikoidi,dok je aktivnost antihistaminika slabija. Novi lek oklacitinib maleat ima antiinflamatornii antipruritični efekt sličan onom koji izazivaju glukokortikoidi i ciklosporin, alimu (za razliku od njih) efekt brže nastupa, što mu daje veliku prednost.Oklacitinib je imunomodulator i ima specifičan mehanizam delovanja. Deluje takošto inhibira aktivnost enzima janus kinaza (pre svega JAK1 i JAK3), od kojih zavisifunkcija proinflamatornih i pruritogenih citokina.Oklacitinib je prilično bezbedan lek, ukoliko se koristi u kraćem vremenskom periodui u preporučenim dozama.
ТОКСОКАРОЗА И АНКИЛОСТОМАТИДОЗА ЛИСИЦА (VULPES VULPES) У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОJ
Authors: Стевановић Оливер , Николић Соња , Мандић Владислав , Недић Драго , Секулић Жељко , Павловић Иван
Published: February 2018

У раду су приказани резултати копролошких претрага 48 узорака фецеса ли-сица (Vulpes vulpes) са териториjе Републике Српске (Босна и Херцеговина). По-стављен jе паразитолошки осврт на присуство аскаридиде Toxocara canis и ан-килостоматида. Jаjа аскаридидног типа диjагностикована су код 12,50
Advancing global monitoring of ship borne invasive species through streamlined metabarcoding.
Authors: Czechowski Paul , Grey-Avis Erin , Lodge David M
Published: February 2018

The unintentional transport of invasive species through the global shipping network causes substantial losses to social and economic welfare. Addressing this global challenge requires identification of potentially harmful species, and confirmation of their movement along highly frequented shipping routes.

As we have previously shown, properly calibrated network models are able to describe passive movement of invasive species around the world. These models can be substantially improved when suitable in-situ biological data is becoming available, now possible by sequencing of environmental DNA (eDNA) from port waters.

Here we report a simple and scalable approach to generate metabarcoding data of 18S ribosomal and other eDNA collected in four major US ports. Between Long Beach, Houston, Miami, Baltimore and a multitude of Chinese ports, ships travel both frequently or infrequently while linking to different ecosystems of East Asia.

By controlling for ecoregions and ship traffic, we will shortly be able to estimate ship-borne invasive species spread between the two largest global economies, USA and China. With further port DNA sampling and network model refinements, we will also soon be able to provide global assessments of ship-borne invasive species spread to inform management and policy decision makers.
Ferramentas jornalísticas na educação: uma rádio online para jovens
Authors: Brites Maria José , Santos Sílvio Correia , Jorge Ana , Catalão Daniel
Published: February 2018

The relationship between journalism and education remains in a yet weakly explored camp, although journalism can embody a pedagogical tool, oriented to the practice of journalistic concepts and techniques. In this article, we explore a case-study of an online radio developed with youth communities, using participant observation, interviews and focus groups conducted in the scope of the project RadioActive Europe (2013-14). We argue that these young participants take similar roles in daily life and particularly in school to those used in contexts of radio participation. Learning through action, however, implies long lasting intervention processes so that the transposal of roles taken up in the project may be more perennial, dynamic and fluid in the personal life processes.
NRF2 regulates core and stabilizing circadian clock loops, coupling redox and timekeeping in Mus musculus
Authors: Wible Ryan S , Ramanathan Chidambaram , Sutter Carrie Hayes , Olesen Kristin M , Kensler Thomas W , Liu Andrew C , Sutter Thomas R
Published: February 2018

Diurnal oscillation of intracellular redox potential is known to couple metabolism with the circadian clock, yet the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. We show here that chemical activation of NRF2 modifies circadian gene expression and rhythmicity, with phenotypes similar to genetic NRF2 activation. Loss of Nrf2 function in mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes and liver also altered circadian rhythms, suggesting that NRF2 stoichiometry and/or timing of expression are important to timekeeping in some cells. Consistent with this concept, activation of NRF2 at a circadian time corresponding to the peak generation of endogenous oxidative signals resulted in NRF2-dependent reinforcement of circadian amplitude. In hepatocytes, activated NRF2 bound specific enhancer regions of the core clock repressor gene Cry2, increased Cry2 expression and repressed CLOCK/BMAL1-regulated E-box transcription. Together these data indicate that NRF2 and clock comprise an interlocking loop that integrates cellular redox signals into tissue-specific circadian timekeeping.
Serine is the major residue for ADP-ribosylation upon DNA damage
Authors: Palazzo Luca , Leidecker Orsolya , Prokhorova Evgeniia , Dauben Helen , Matic Ivan , Ahel Ivan
Published: February 2018

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes that synthesise ADP-ribosylation (ADPr), a reversible modification of proteins that regulates many different cellular processes. Several mammalian PARPs are known to regulate the DNA damage response, but it is not clear which amino acids in proteins are the primary ADPr targets. Previously, we reported that ARH3 reverses the newly discovered type of ADPr (ADPr on serine residues; Ser-ADPr) and developed tools to analyse this modification (Fontana et al., 2017). Here, we show that Ser-ADPr represents the major fraction of ADPr synthesised after DNA damage in mammalian cells and that globally Ser-ADPr is dependent on HPF1, PARP1 and ARH3. In the absence of HPF1, glutamate/aspartate becomes the main target residues for ADPr. Furthermore, we describe a method for site-specific validation of serine ADP-ribosylated substrates in cells. Our study establishes serine as the primary form of ADPr in DNA damage signalling.
Monitoring how changes in pedagogical practices have improved student interest and performance for an introductory biochemistry course
Authors: Karamanos Yannis , Couturier Catherine , Boutin Viviane , Mysiorek Caroline , Matéos Aurélie , Berger Sylvie
Published: February 2018

This study describes feedback on the effects of changes introduced in our teaching practices for an introductory biochemistry course in the Life Sciences curriculum. Students on this course have diverse educational qualifications and are taught in large learning groups, creating challenges for the management of individual learning. We used the constructive alignment principle, refining the learning contract and re‐drafting the teaching program to introduce active learning and an organization of activities that promotes the participation of all the students and helps their understanding. We also created teaching resources available through the university virtual work environment. Our research aimed to measure the effects of those changes on the students’ success. Monitoring of the student performance showed a continuous increase in the percentage of students who passed the course, from 2.13% to 33.5% in 4 years. Analysis of student perceptions highlighted that the teaching methodology was greatly appreciated by the students, whose attendance also improved. The recent introduction of clickers‐questions constituted a complementary leverage. The active involvement of the students and better results for summative assessments are altogether a strong motivation for teaching staff to continue to make improvements.
Preparation of colored recycled polyethylene terephthalate nanofibers from waste bottles: Physicochemical studies
Authors: Mehdi Mujahid , Mahar Faraz Khan , Qureshi Umair Ahmed , Khatri Muzamil , Khatri Zeeshan , Ahmed Farooq , Kim Ick Soo
Published: February 2018

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate‐based waste drinking bottles have been used to develop colorful nanofibers via electrospinning. The recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r‐PET) nanofibers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques and were explored for advanced colorful applications. To prepare colorful r‐PET nanofibers, two different disperse dyes, C.I Disperse Blue 56 (DB‐56) and C.I Disperse Red 167:1 (DR 167:1), were used by dope dyeing technique. The dope dyeing of r‐PET nanofibers was optimized by determining the effects of different polymer concentrations (9%–15%) and dye concentrations (1%–7%). The proposed r‐PET nanofibers offer many advantages such as good color fastness, good mechanical strength, save processing energy, and time compared to other conventional nanofibers.
Estimating impacts of the nuclear family and heritability of nutritional outcomes in a boat‐dwelling community
Authors: Starkweather Kathrine E. , Keith Monica H.
Published: February 2018

Objectives

General health status is reflected in measures of height, weight, and BMI. Assessing sources of variation in these outcomes reveals population‐specific variables of importance to health and nutrition. We characterize the impacts of socioeconomic variables related to the nuclear family on health outcomes of boat‐dwelling Shodagor children, mothers, and fathers, and to estimate the proportion of variation in height, weight, and BMI influenced by both genetic variation and nongenetic variation among household environments.

Methods

Bayesian linear mixed models (LMMs) estimate heritability and household‐effect variance components among the Shodagor. These models also assess the influences of specific socioeconomic predictor variables on different types of individuals within the household (children, mothers, and fathers).

Results

Overall, models explain 61.7% of variation in height, 59.4% in weight, and 65.8% in BMI for this sample of Shodagor. Mother's decision‐making and household income have expected, positive associations with children's weight and BMI. Number of children has an unexpected positive relationship to children's height and a negative relationship to father's BMI. Genetic variation explains less than 26% of phenotypic variation for each of these traits on average.

Conclusions

Our results show that resource flows and distributions within Shodagor households account for a significant amount of variance in nutritional outcomes. Problems commonly associated with increasing market integration may lead to negative outcomes for children, while mother's autonomy may lead to positive outcomes. Our models also indicate that environmental factors account for more variation in these outcomes than expected, relative to genetics, and we discuss the implications.
Fabrication of Ionic‐Liquid‐Embedded ZnO Nanoparticles: Application of a Synergistic Catalytic Effect to Thiol‐Induced 2‐Pyridone Synthesis
Authors: Mondal Priya , Bhaumik Asim , Chatterjee Sauvik , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: February 2018

This is the first report of thiol‐induced, recyclable ZnO–[2COOHMIM]+Br−‐catalysed (2COOHMIM=1‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium), water‐mediated 2‐pyridone synthesis by two new straightforward strategies with 37 examples. This catalytic system was prepared using environmentally friendly, recyclable acidic‐ionic‐liquid‐coated ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The changes in size and morphology upon capping the ZnO NPs were effectively tuned by neutral and acidic ionic liquids, which acted as structure‐directing mediators. ZnO has a high affinity for carboxyl functionalities, and accordingly, a 3D network was formed in which the carboxyl group acted as a linker. The catalysts generated by the capping of ZnO NPs with ionic liquids were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, powder X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy. This combined catalytic system, containing both acidic and basic environments, exhibited properties of both a quasi‐heterogeneous catalyst and a phase‐transfer catalyst in aqueous medium. Here, a synergistic catalytic effect between ZnO NPs and acidic ionic liquids is utilised effectively. The recyclability of this catalytic system up to a fifth cycle was demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy.
Polymeric hybrid films with photocatalytic activity under visible light
Authors: Dossin Zanrosso Crissie , Piazza Diego , Azário Lansarin Marla
Published: February 2018

The immobilization of photocatalysts on several kinds of substrates has been widely studied over the past few years, focusing mainly on improving its industrial application. In this work, novel hybrid films were prepared, employing TiO2 P25, commercial ZnO or BiOI, synthetized through hydrothermal method and immobilized on poly(vinylidene fluoride) by the non‐solvent‐induced phase inversion technique. Subsequently, the prepared composites were evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet or visible light. The samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffractometer analysis to improve comprehension of the composites' photocatalytic behavior. The degradation reaction of the contaminants exhibited pseudo‐first order kinetics in all samples, and achieved better performance when compared to simple photolysis. The recyclability of the hybrid films was also evaluated and proved that polymeric matrix is a promising material for the preparation of composites for photocatalysis applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46367.
Recent Advances on Non‐precious Metal Porous Carbon‐based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Tao Li , Yan Dafeng , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: February 2018

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a crucial process for several significant energy conversion and storage devices, such as metal‐air batteries and fuel cells. However, the sluggish kinetics caused by huge activation energy barriers limit the performance. Platinum (Pt) and Pt‐based catalysts are still the most efficient catalysts for ORR. Unfortunately, the scarcity, high cost, poor stability, crossover effect and CO poisoning of Pt and Pt‐based materials restrict their further development. Carbon‐based nanomaterials, especially the non‐precious metal porous carbon‐based materials (NPC) have been considered as the most promising replacement for Pt and attract the extensive attention of scientists since its high specific surface area and easy regulation can significantly increase the active sites and mass transfer of electrocatalyst. On the other way, the NPC can also be the support of the single metal atoms which can act as the highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts. This review focuses on the recent progress on the applications of NPC at ORR electrocatalyst field.
Asymmetric All‐Metal‐Oxide Supercapacitor with Superb Cycle Performance
Authors: Yang Chongyang , Sun Minqiang , Lu Hongbin
Published: February 2018

Metal oxides have great potential for developing high‐performance supercapacitors due to their high specific capacitances. However, achieving high energy densities while maintaining good rate capability and long cycle life has proved to be challenging. We propose herein a strategy for constructing all‐metal‐oxide asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs), in which both the cathode and anode are based on metal oxides, and demonstrate their outstanding electrochemical performance. We anchored SnO2 nanoparticles on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) through Sn−O−C bonds (as the cathode of ACSs), and employed low‐crystalline RGO/MoO3 nanosheets as the anode, based on the large work function difference between SnO2 and MoO3. The resulting ASC can operate stably at 1.8 V in neutral aqueous electrolyte and deliver an energy density of up to 33 W h kg−1, which remains at 13.8 W h kg−1 even at 37.5 kW kg−1. Moreover, the ASC exhibits a good cycling stability of 92.5 % capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles.
Bridge the college‐to‐career gap with focused initiatives
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2018

SAN DIEGO — Career services should help to serve as the bridge between your students' academic present and their professional future, but do your career services actually help your students? According to a survey conducted by the California Community Colleges System, only 17 percent of CCCS students who used the career services available at their campus found them helpful. With the CCCS looking to create 1 million skilled workers for the state, the initiative to create the Strong Workforce Program, which targets outcomes in areas of student success, along with other measures of quality in curriculum, regional collaboration, and career pathways, was born.
Take innovative approach to helping adult learners achieve
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2018

Most higher education institutions operate the same way. Colleges and universities tell students, “We have learning to sell you.” The student will sit in the institution's classes, and the institution will certify the learning with a degree, said Ed Klonoski, president of Charter Oak State College.
Clinical performance of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration for assessing programmed death ligand‐1 expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Biswas Abhishek , Leon Marino E. , Drew Peter , Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian , Furtado Larissa V. , Jantz Michael A. , Mehta Hiren J.
Published: February 2018

Background

Pembrolizumab was recently approved as a first line agent for metastatic NSCLC in patients with high programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression.

Objectives

Since a significant portion of lung cancer is diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS TBNA); there is a need for PD‐L1 testing in these specimens. However, to date few studies have evaluated performance of cytology specimens from EBUS TBNA for PD‐L1 analysis.

Methods

Patients who had a diagnosis of NSCLC and in whom ancillary testing, i.e., next generation sequencing (NGS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and PD‐L1 expression was requested between January and May 2017 were reviewed.

Results

Fifty of the 112 patients reviewed had the diagnosis of NSCLC for which ancillary testing was requested. Twelve patients (24%) had squamous cell carcinoma, twenty‐seven had adenocarcinoma (54%), five had NSCLC favor adenocarcinoma (10%), two had NSCLC favor squamous cell cancer (4%), and four had NSCLC not otherwise specified (NOS) (8%). Size of the lymph nodes or lesion sampled ranged from 10 to 50 mm. Four (8%) patients had insufficient number of tumor cells in the cell block for any of the ancillary molecular testing. Forty‐one (82%) patients had an adequate sample for all three ancillary tests. Satisfactory results for PD‐L1 expression for all cases was 86% with 14 (32%) patients having levels of PD‐L1 expression >50%.

Conclusion

EBUS TBNA is effective and has a high proportion of satisfactory results for testing PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells in addition to NGS and ALK FISH.
Inspissated cyst fluid in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Chebib Ivan , Albanese Emily , Scourtas Aristana , Pitman Martha B.
Published: February 2018

Background

Inspissated cyst fluid may be identified on pancreatic cyst aspiration cytology. We report on the cytomorphologic characteristics of inspissated cyst fluid on EUS‐FNA of pancreatic cysts and correlate this finding with histopathology or multimodal (cytology, cyst fluid analysis, molecular pathology, imaging) classification of cyst type.

Methods

The department archives were searched for pancreatic cyst fine‐needle aspiration biopsies that contained dessicated, crystalline or inspissated material on cytologic preparations.

Results

Twenty‐eight cases of pancreatic cysts containing inspissated material were identified. The cytomorphology of the inspissated material ranged from fibrillary fan‐like structure (54%), ball‐like structures (57%), and granular material (43%). When present, the fibrillary inspissated material was associated with neoplastic mucinous cysts in 11/15 (73%) cases, but was also seen in 2 pseudocysts, 1 serous cystadenoma, and 1 cyst of uncertain type (suggestive of mucinous cyst on EUS). The presence of fibrillary inspissated cyst material on cytology had a positive predictive value of 79% and a specificity of 63% for a neoplastic mucinous cyst.

Conclusion

Although not highly specific, the presence of inspissated cyst fluid with fibrillary architecture should be recognized by cytopathologists and interpreted as at least “atypical” given the potential association with neoplastic mucinous cysts of the pancreas.
A quantitative analysis on the effects of critical factors limiting the effectiveness of species conservation in future time
Authors: Alagador Diogo , Cerdeira Jorge Orestes
Published: February 2018

The effectiveness of conservation plans depends on environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic factors. Global change makes conservation decisions even more challenging. Among others, the components of most concern in modern‐day conservation assessments are as follows: the magnitude of climate and land‐use changes; species dispersal abilities; competition with harmful socioeconomic activities for land use; the number of threatened species to consider; and, relatedly, the available budget to act. Here, we provide a unified framework that quantifies the relative effects of those factors on conservation. We conducted an area‐scheduling work plan in order to identify sets of areas along time in which the persistence expectancies of species are optimized. The approach was illustrated using data of potential distribution of ten nonvolant mammal species in Iberia Peninsula from current time up to 2080. Analyses were conducted considering possible setups among the factors that are likely to critically impact conservation success: three climate/land‐use scenarios; four species’ dispersal kernel curves; six land‐use layer types; and two planning designs, in which assessments were made independently for each species, or joining all species in a single plan. We identified areas for an array of investments levels capable to circumvent the spatial conflicts with socioeconomic activities. The effect of each factor on the estimated species persistence scores was assessed using linear mixed models. Our results evidence that conservation success is highly reliant on the resources available to abate land‐use conflicts. Nonetheless, under the same investment levels, planning design and climate change were the factors that most shaped species persistence scores. The persistence of five species was especially affected by the sole effect of planning design and consequently, larger conservation investments may retard climatic debts. For three species, the negative effects of a changing climate and of multiple‐species planning designs added up, making these species especially at risk. Integrated assessments of the factors most likely to limit species persistence are pivotal to achieve effectiveness.
Fluorescent Discrimination of Primary Alkyl Amines by Using a Binaphthyl Ladder Polymer
Authors: Hu Lingling , Wang Yachen , Duan Pinghui , Du Yi , Tian Jun , Shi Dan , Wang Xinjing , Yu Shanshan , Yu Xiaoqi , Pu Lin
Published: February 2018

A 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐based ladder polymer containing fused polyaromatic rings and aldehyde groups in its repeating units has been synthesized. In the presence of primary aliphatic amines, this polymer shows fluorescence enhancement at λ = 655 nm with a significant red shift from its original emission wavelength at λ = 585 nm. However, neither fluorescence enhancement nor shift of the emitting wavelength was observed when the polymer was treated with secondary and tertiary amines as well as with an aromatic amine. Thus, this ladder polymer can be used to selectively recognize primary aliphatic amines with ratiometric detection. The fluorescence response of the ladder polymer is also very different from its precursor polymer as well as its monomeric analogue, which do not show fluorescence enhancement towards primary amines.
Uptake of the Victorian Government school and early childhood service health promotion framework in the City of Greater Geelong according to area‐level socioeconomic position
Authors: Brooks Ruby , Backholer Kathryn , Chung Alexandra , Palermo Claire , Foulkes Chad , Monaghan Carly , Peeters Anna
Published: February 2018

Issue addressed

Whole‐of‐setting initiatives have been recommended as an equitable approach to health promotion. However, there has been little analysis of differences in uptake of such approaches according to indicators of socioeconomic position. In Victoria, Australia, the Achievement Program is a state government health promotion initiative that uses a whole‐of‐setting approach in early childhood services, schools and workplaces. We conducted an exploratory comparison of uptake of and progression through the programme by schools and early childhood services in one local area, according to area‐level socioeconomic position.

Methods

Approximately 3 years after programme initiation, we linked data on the progress of 89 early childhood services and 67 primary schools to an area‐level index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage. We compared uptake of and progression through the programme by setting (service or school) and quartiles of socioeconomic position.

Results

About 89% of early childhood services and 70% of primary schools had registered for the programme, with 18% and 15%, respectively, attaining the goal of completing the final stage. A greater proportion of settings in areas in the most disadvantaged quartile had registered for the programme and completed the final stage of the programme, compared with settings in areas in the least disadvantaged quartile. However, variation by socioeconomic position was not linear across quartiles.

Conclusion

The Achievement Program did not appear to be inequitable in its uptake. Research into uptake in other local areas and outcomes achieved would be beneficial.

So what?

This demonstrates that whole‐of‐setting approaches can potentially be an equity‐enhancing approach to health promotion.
An investigation of the cost of food in the Geelong region of rural Victoria: Essential data to support planning to improve access to nutritious food
Authors: Cuttler Ruth , Evans Rachel , McClusky Erin , Purser Lauren , Klassen Karen M. , Palermo Claire
Published: February 2018

Issue addressed

Affordability of a healthy diet is a determinant of nutritional intake and therefore health. This project aimed to measure the cost of healthy foods across a geographically defined region and examine factors related to changing food prices to assist in informing health promotion practice.

Methods

The cost of a healthy food basket was measured using the Victorian Healthy Food Basket tool, in all eligible stores, across five rural local government areas in Western Victoria, Australia in 2014, 2015 and 2016. One‐way analysis of variance was used to investigate differences in healthy food basket cost across years. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to adjust for baseline (2014) cost to determine factors associated with cost.

Results

Data were collected from 45 stores in 2014 and 2015 and 48 stores in 2016. The average cost of the healthy food basket was $459 in 2014, $437 in 2015 and $443 in 2016. The cost of the healthy food basket was the highest in stores >15 km from the major regional centre and in areas with only one supermarket (non‐cluster) (P < 0.05). All food groups except fruit and vegetables decreased in price between 2014 and 2016.

Conclusion

This project highlights distance from regional centres and competition as possible factors that influence the cost of healthy food.

So what?

This is valuable insight for health promoters in designing both local level interventions aimed at improving access to healthy food and influencing regional food systems.