bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laminated Root Disease - Stand Establishment Decision Aid
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Sturrock Rona , Hodge Janice
Published: November 2022

Laminated (or Phellinus) root disease (Phellinus sulphurascens Pilát, syn. = P. weirii) is a major, naturally occurring disturbance agent in interior forests and poses a significant threat to its most economically important host, Douglas-fir. The disease spreads below ground at root contacts. In the southern interior of British Columbia, P. sulphurascens often occurs together with Armillaria root disease (Armillaria ostoyae) and (or) Douglas-fir bark beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae). Stand volume in infested areas can be significantly reduced through growth loss and decay, mortality, and windthrow. Post-harvest retention of infected stumps in the soil increases inoculum potential on affected sites, which poses a risk of infection to regenerating trees. Mitigation of disease impacts can best be achieved by recognition of the disease and incidence assessment prior to harvest, and by modification of harvesting and silviculture practices that will minimize exposure of trees to inoculum. The Stand Establishment Decision Aid (SEDA) format has been used to extend information on various vegetation and forest health concerns in British Columbia. This decision aid summarizes information about laminated root disease occurrence and management in the Southern Interior Forest Region. The first sections provide general information, hazard ratings, and biological and silvicultural considerations for Phellinus root disease. The article then outlines growth and yield implications, other effects and associations of the disease, and various techniques to manage the disease. It also includes a list of references and resources to provide readers with more detailed information. Reference material that is not available online can be ordered through libraries or the Queen’s Printer at http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca.
Raising the Bar: Recognizing the Intricacies of Cultural and Ecological Knowledge (CEK) in Natural Resource Management
Authors: Orcherton Dan
Published: November 2022

In these rather tumultuous social and economic times, Aboriginal groups and natural resource practitioners often express the real need to look more closely at the importance and complexities of cultural ecological knowledge (CEK). To understand these intricacies and apply these principles on the ground, some theoretical constructs and practical examples need to be highlighted. Such constructs and examples can help explain the divergent world views of Indigenous knowledge and Western science within natural resource management. The objective of this article is to synthesize current literature and contemporary thought on the importance and complexities of cultural ecological knowledge (CEK) in natural resource management. In addition, it examines practical examples of the differences and similarities between Indigenous knowledge and Western science. The scope of this article is the breadth of understanding of Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous Western scientists the world over, with the intended audience being natural resource managers, scientists/academics, and traditional knowledge practitioners. The author takes the position that natural resource managers should create social legitimacy processes through collaborative learning and systems-thinking approaches. These processes can often be validated through transfer of oral and written “ways of knowing,” even when there are divergent world views. Success relies on designing clear objectives and outcomes when incorporating cultural/ecological knowledge in resource management as well as implementing systematic and culturally sensitive heritage assessments and characterizing cultural pluralism. Finally, there is a need for managers to incorporate CEK and to facilitate legislative, political, and ethical processes that help create social and cultural legitimacy in natural resource management.
Post-Disturbance Management of Biodiversity in BC Forests
Authors: Gayton Don , Lara Almuedo Pedro
Published: November 2022

Biodiversity is a key component of forested ecosystems. It should be preserved not only for its own sake, but because biodiverse ecosystems are resilient and better able to respond to changing conditions. This extension note is a condensed version of a full synthesis paper and provides some background on how biodiversity can be managed and enhanced in the wake of natural and man-made disturbances.
Migrating like a herd of cats – climate change and emerging forests in British Columbia
Authors: Bunnell Fred , Kremsater Laurie L.
Published: November 2022

We combine climate preferences of tree species with probable changes in insect, disease, fire and other abiotic factors to describe probable changes in distribution of tree species in British Columbia. Predictions of what British Columbia’s forests will become are rife with uncertainty from three major sources: predicting climate, predicting tree species’ responses and predicting changes in factors modifying the trees’ responses (e.g., pathogens, fires). Challenges in predicting climate result because climate projection models differ and downscaling climate is difficult, particularly where weather stations are sparse. Challenges in predicting responses of individual tree species to climate result because species will be competing under a climate regime we have not seen before and they have not experienced before. That challenge is increased by the differential response of pathogens and effects of changes in fire frequency. We first examine responses of individual species, then consider implications for broad regional forests. Despite the uncertainty, some trends are more likely than others. We present our estimates of the relative species composition of future forests in British Columbia.
Forage Production Potential in a Ponderosa Pine Stand: Effects of Tree Spacing on Understorey Plants after 45 Years
Authors: Folkard Percy , Fraser Lauchlan H. , Carlyle Cameron N. , Tucker Rick
Published: November 2022

We examined the development of understorey forage plant communities in relation to tree density in an experimental ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stand. We used a 45-year-old ponderosa pine spacing trial near Westwold, British Columbia, Canada, with five spacing treatments (1.22, 2.44, 3.66, 4.88, and 6.10 m) to sample understorey biomass and diversity, with a focus on pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) and rough fescue (Festuca campestris)—two regionally important forage grasses. We predicted that there would be a positive correlation between tree spacing and understorey biomass and a compositional shift from pinegrass to rough fescue under increased tree spacing. We found that rough fescue, the preferred forage species, grew only under tree spacings equal to or greater than 3.66 m, with the greatest biomass at 4.88 and 6.10 m spacings, whereas pinegrass was equally abundant under all spacings. We believe that silvopasture principles could be applied to similar ponderosa pine stands to optimize and maintain both timber and forage productivity.
Analysis of Ancient Western Redcedar Stands in the Upper Fraser River Watershed and Scenarios for Protection
Authors: Coxson Darwyn S. , Goward Trevor , Connell David J.
Published: November 2022

Emerging research has highlighted the significance of ancient western redcedar (Thuja plicata) stands within the upper Fraser River watershed as examples of rare forest types within British Columbia’s inland temperate rainforest (ITR). These stands represent a globally significant repository of canopy lichen biodiversity. Ancient redcedar stands were historically found in greatest abundance in wet “toe-slope” topographic positions, where mountain slopes flatten out as they reach the valley bottom. Abundant groundwater runoff and wet soils in these topographic positions provided protection from fires and sustained trees during dry summer periods. However, the placement of road and rail corridors in these same topographic positions has facilitated the logging of many ancient redcedar stands. The result has been the widespread loss of ancient cedars, which today account for only 3.7% of the 130 571 ha ICHvk2 biogeoclimatic zone east of Prince George. Of the remaining ancient cedar stands found in the ICHvk2 less than 2% (approx. 100 ha) are currently protected within BC provincial parks. Here we outline three scenarios that would increase the proportion of this ecosystem within BC parks and would support landscape-level planning objectives for the upper Fraser River watershed. We suggest that the cultural and biological values represented by these proposed areas would meet criteria for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage or Biosphere Reserve site, ultimately resulting in widespread positive benefits for diversification of the regional economy, by building on a regional tourist attraction that has already developed at the site of the Ancient Forest Trail.
Social Licence in British Columbia: Some Implications for Energy Development
Authors: Bunnell Fred
Published: November 2022

Crown land is unique to the Commonwealth and better represented in British Columbia than anywhere else in the Commonwealth (95% of the land base). Through tradition and common law, British Columbians have come to define Crown lands as publicly owned lands that belong to all residents and to expect governments to shepherd them for the benefit of all. Social licence to operate on this land requires approval from the local community and other stakeholders. The concept of Crown land makes every British Columbian a potential stakeholder and has led to more drama and noise around social licence than occurs elsewhere. The four main reasons for failure in past applications for social licence have been a lack of respect, assuming economics is a sufficient framework, appearing to bully, and hiding or obscuring information deemed relevant. Recent events in the province suggest the provincial and federal governments, and some companies, have learned little from past failures. Energy development faces particular challenges because location counts and impacts are both intrusive and extensive, but the errors described here are avoidable. W. Edwards Deming reputedly observed, “Learning is not compulsory… neither is survival.” Some companies have learned.The topic is addressed under six headings: (1) Whose land is it?; (2) What the public has said; (3) Defining social licence; (4) Lessons from exploring social licence; (5) Lessons and energy development; and (6) What’s next?
Arboreal Squirrel Abundance in Response to a Gradient of Mountain Pine Beetle Attack in Sub-boreal Forests
Authors: Steventon J. Douglas
Published: November 2022

To assist in evaluating habitat retention options, the abundance of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) wer examined in 2005 and again in 2010 across a gradient of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) attack intensity in sub-boreal forests of west-central British Columbia. Among 30, 16-ha live-trapping grids, estimated mean abundance of both species increased non-linearly with remaining basal area of live overstorey (live trees ≥ 7.5 cm diameter at 1.3 m height). A weak (most likely positive but possibly negative) additional response of flying squirrels to dead overstorey (on average 1 m2/ha dead ≈ +0.11 m2/ha live basal area) was evident. The basal area of live spruce-fir (Picea spp., Abies spp.) overstorey, understorey tree density, and tree diameter covariates did not have substantive additional effects on estimated squirrel abundance. Whereas survey year affected overall abundance, it did not change the relationship with habitat attributes. The results suggest that dead lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) has low habitat value for arboreal squirrels and thus is of lower impact on squirrels if salvage-harvested; however, retention or re-growth of sufficient live overstorey is necessary to maintain or recover squirrel abundance. The basal area oflive overstorey appears a simple yet useful management metric for prioritizing habitatvalue, at least as indicated by relative abundance for squirrels in beetle-affected forests.
Managing Zone-of-Influence Impacts of Oil and Gas Activities on Terrestrial Wildlife and Habitats in British Columbia
Authors: Wilson Steven F.
Published: November 2022

A “zone of influence” is the difference between an anthropogenic activity’s spatial footprint and the extent of the activity’s effects on surrounding habitat and wildlife. This article reviews studies that have measured zones of influence for site-level activities that are relevant to oil and gas activities in British Columbia in order to inform the development of policies and procedures to manage their effects on terrestrial habitats and wildlife. Creation of edges, as well as noise and activity associated with industrial sites and roads, are the major stressors that generate zones of influence. These stressors create cascading effects that can result in altered ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms. Stressors can create abiotic and floristic effects that generally extend < 100 m into surrounding intact habitat, but effects on wildlife can extend up to 5 km and sometimes farther. Mitigating stressors at their source should reduce zones of influence and the need to apply management buffers to separate industrial activities from ecological resources.
Pharmacogenetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms commonly associated with antiretroviral therapy metabolism
Authors: Bazhenova A. , Mironov K. , Kravchenko A. , Akimkin V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Identification of pharmacogenetic effects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become an important milestone to reach in the advancement of personalised treatment for HIV-positive patients. The therapy schemes are accompanied by multiple side effects. Therapy effectiveness and adverse reactions can be dictated by individual genetic predisposition factors, which should be taken into account for an optimal prescription. Some genetic markers (HLA-B*57:01 and UGT1A1*28), were already proven to improve discontinuation rates, and efforts are allocated to expand the range of clinically-relevant genetic tests.

Objective. In this review, an updated summary of genetic polymorphisms and their effects defining patients’ tolerability to ART is presented. The aim of this research is to assess single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the genes that encode proteins involved in ART metabolism and transport. This review will be used to develop a PCR-based testing methodology for the detection and confirmation of risk alleles in the Caucasian population.

Materials and methods. Data from 46 original research papers and reviews was analysed. Allele frequencies of the most relevant polymorphisms were checked against the data for European population.

Results. As an outcome of this review, a few most promising SNPs were selected for future research. Firstly, ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs3742106 and ABCC10 rs9349256 and rs2125739 were associated with an increased risk of renal impairment, higher plasma concentration, and toxicity when treated with tenofovir. Parallel analysis of ABCC4 and ABCC10 SNP effects on renal impairment together with CYP24A1 rs2248359 that was recently reported as a potential renal toxicity marker might be more informative. Secondly, CYP2B6 rs3745274 that was associated with an increased efavirenz plasma concentration, and increased risk of liver and CNS toxicity should be evaluated. SNPs in CYP2B6, CYP2A6 (rs28399433), and CYP3A4 (rs4646437) should be evaluated in parallel since possession of all three variants might put patients at a much higher risk.

Conclusion. Identified alleles could become new markers used in drug prescription protocols if significant effect in Caucasian population will be found. The most relevant SNPs should be tested in in supporting future studies to evaluate the significance for patients with HIV in Russia.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of antiretroviral products
Authors: Useinova A. N. , Egorova E. A. , Maryanenko S. P. , Kaliberdenko V. B. , Koryanova K. N. , Grogoryan K. E.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Since the appearance of the immune deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the beginning of 1980s, humanity started to understand elementary processes, underlying biology of HIV that enabled to develop safe and efficient treatment methods. Currently HIV therapy includes combined treatment regimen that allows combined drug interaction.

Objective. To study the features of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and also drug interaction of specific product groups, affecting human immunodeficiency virus.

Materials and methods. Analytical review is based on analysis of literary sources of scientific database (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Сyberleninka) that contains information about peculiarities of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic antiretroviral products’ interaction (ARVP) when used by HIV-infected patients for the period 1995–2022. 

Results and discussion. The current study enabled to summarize the research results, devoted to the issue of combined ARVP use by HIV-infected patients, and also to identify variants of irrational ARVP combination, caused by increased risk of toxicity with their simultaneous application.

Conclusion. Studying the characteristics of each medical product, used in HIV infection therapy, allows to choose optimal pharmacotherapy regimens, taking into account individual patient characteristics, and also to predict and prevent the risk of adverse reactions in the future.
HIV infection in the homeless in Saint Petersburg in 2021
Authors: Ievkov S. A. , Bulygin M. A. , Kushnir A. V. , Ershova K. O. , Bulankov Yu. I. , Bespalov A.  V. , Barchuk A. A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. 44 cases of HIV-infection among the homeless were registered in Saint Petersburg in 2021. At the same time, it is known that the case reporting and medical treatment in Russia are limited by the lack of required document minimum among a large number of them — passport and compulsory medical insurance policy. The cohort of the homeless is heterogeneous and in many countries the predominant risk factors of HIV infection and prevalence are different. So far, the studies of HIV spread among the homeless in Russia are rare.

Objective. Assess the prevalence of HIV infection among the homeless in Saint Petersburg.

Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among the homeless in «places of attraction»: heating points, overnight shelters, care services from May, 24th to October, 1st 2021 and involved 199 participants. There was questionnaire and rapid HIV antibody testing in capillary blood by the set «Wondfo HIV 1,2». The study was completed anonymously.

Results. When examining HIV infection was detected in 9 out of 199 participants — 4.5% (CI 95% [1.61%, 7.39%]), thus, HIV prevalence among the homeless is on average higher than in Saint Petersburg (0.81%) and the country (0.78%). The factors, associated with HIV infection, are the use of injection drugs: odds ratio of prevalence in the adjusted model adjusted prevalence ratio (APR)=4.3 (p<0.05, CI 95% [1.1, 17.5]) and incarceration: APR=9.4 (CI 95% [1.1, 82.2]).

Conclusion. The results obtained and the factors, defined in the study of risk factors for infection, allow to determine the main directions of HIV prevention among the homeless and to highlight the need for attributing the cohort of the homeless to the «key» population group along with others.
Complaints of a patient — as predictors of adverse outcomes in tuberculosis with HIV infection
Authors: Borovitsky V. S.
Published: November 2022

Objective. To detect patient’s complaints on admission to the hospital, statistically important with adverse outcome in tuberculosis with HIV infection, most sensitivity and specificity.

Materials and methods. 363 patients were examined with tuberculosis and HIV infection. The first group included 59 (16,3%) patients with adverse disease outcome, the second group contained 304 patients (83,7%) with favorable outcome. Methods: clinical, laboratory, microbiological, statistical: analysis of pairwise contingency tables by Pearson’s criterion, Mann-Whitney test on quantitative characteristics, logistic regression.

Results and discussion. The highest odds ratio of sensitivity and specificity among HIV and tuberculosis patient’s complaints, highly probable on risk of adverse outcome (р<0,0001), has fever — 26,8, 93,2% and 66,1%, loose stools — 25,4, 40,7% and 97,4%, weight loss — 18,8, 72,9% and 87,5%, loss of appetite — 17,0, 69,5% and 88,2%, shortness of breath — 15,6, 79,7% and 79,9%, weakness — 8,7, 91,5% and 44,7%, headache — 7,4, 49,2% and 88,5% accordingly. Thus, in the absence of other complaints the risk of adverse outcome in a patient with HIV and tuberculosis, compared to a patient with no such complaints increases for fever 26,8 times, for loose stools — 25,4 times, for weight loss — 18,8 times, for loss of appetite — 17,0 times, for shortness of breath —15,6 times, for weakness — 8,7 times, for headache — 7,4 times.
Analysis of Welding Procedure Specifications for steel line pipe material
Authors: Rachmat Rudi Suhradi , Anggraini Lydia , Sihotang Wandesmoni , Ameyama Kei
Published: November 2022

This study proposes the welding process steel line pipe material of API5L Grade X52 diameter Ø8 inch SCH80 type, subjected to the good quality of the product by following the Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS). The purpose of welding using WPS is to ensure that the welding process follows the correct stages because the steps are proper. The weld results will be free from defects and safe for line pipes. In order to confirm the WPS quality, the characterisations of macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical properties were analysed. The welding process results by following the procedure specifications, from macrostructure shown no porosity, and sample without following the welding procedure specifications shown porosity at weld metal position. The tensile test sample following the welding procedure specifications showed high strength and ductility compared with the samples without welding procedure specifications. This phenomenon occurs due to the grain size of the martensitic structure and a little bit of growth compared with a sample without following the welding procedure specifications. Furthermore, the bending test result shows that both samples have no crack at the weld metal position.
Maternal supplementation with multiple micronutrients containing folic acid increased the risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Xia Shuangbo , Du Yushan , Ren Ziyang , Zhang Jinjuan , Gao Suhong , Wang Jiamei , Li Zhiwen , Liu Xiaohong , Liu Jufen
Published: November 2022

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal
supplementation with folic acid/ multiple micronutrients containing
folic acid (MM-FA) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Design
Prospective cohort study. Setting Haidian Maternal and Child Health
Hospital, Beijing, China. Population 3,458 pregnant women and 653 cases
of GDM were approached between October 2017 and December 2020. Methods
Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle data, and information on
folic acid supplementation were obtained from a structured
questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed according to IADPSG criteria (2010).
After adjusting for confounding variables, associations between folic
acid/MM-FA supplementation and GDM risk were estimated using binary
logistic regression analysis. Main outcome measures Incident GDM.
Results Taking MM-FA periconceptionally was associated with a higher GDM
risk (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.05–1.69) compared to exclusive folic acid
supplementation. And this association was observed exclusively in women
with a pre-pregnancy BMI < 24kg/m2 (aOR 1.39; 95% CI
1.06–1.82). In separate analysis of pre-conception supplementation,
women without folic acid supplementation before conception were more
likely to develop GDM than those taking folic acid alone (aOR 1.40; 95%
CI 1.01–1.96). Conclusions Maternal MM-FA supplementation may enhance
the risk for GDM. These findings indicated that pregnant women should to
be mindful of the risk of iron and other micronutrients
over-supplementation when using folic acid supplements. It’s recommended
that women take pure folic acid in preference and begin taking them from
pre-conception in accordance with the recommended guidelines. Key words
Folic acid; Multiple micronutrients; Gestational diabetes mellitus;
Cohort
A Survey of 30 years of Pediatric Clinical Trial Radiotherapy Dose Constraints
Authors: Vassantachart April , Olch Arthur , Jones Marjorie , Marques Christophe , Ronckers Cecile , Constine Louis , Maduro John , Boer Charlotte de , Wong Kenneth
Published: November 2022

Background: Radiation therapy normal tissue dose constraints are
critical when treating pediatric patients. However, there is limited
evidence supporting proposed constraints which has led to variations in
constraints over the years. In this study we identify these variations
in dose constraints within pediatric trials both in the United States
(US) and in Europe used in the past 30 years. Procedure: All pediatric
trials from the Children’s Oncology Group website were queried from
inception until January 2022 and a sampling of European studies was
included. Dose constraints were identified and built into an organ-based
interactive web application with filters to display data by
organs-at-risk (OARs), protocol, start date, dose, volume, and
fractionation scheme. Dose constraints were evaluated for consistency
over time and compared between pediatric US trials and European trials
Results: One hundred and five closed trials were included—93 US trials
and 12 European trials. Thirty-eight separate OARs were found with high
dose constraint variability. Across all trials, nine organs had greater
than 10 different constraints (median 16, range 11-26), including serial
organs. When comparing US versus European dose tolerances, US
constraints were higher for seven OARs, lower for one, and identical for
five. No OARs had constraints change systematically over the last 30
years. Conclusion: Review of pediatric dose-volume constraints in
clinical trials showed substantial variability for all OARs. Continued
efforts focused on standardization of OAR dose constraints and risk
profiles are essential to increase consistency of protocol outcomes and
ultimately to reduce radiation toxicities in the pediatric population.
The Impact of Executive Ethnic Diversity on Real Earnings Management
Authors: Liao Qunfeng , Ouyang Bo , Tang Yi
Published: November 2022

SYNOPSIS

This study examines the impact of the ethnic diversity of executives on real earnings management (REM) by using 21,217 firm-year observations for 2,209 U.S. public firms between 1993 and 2020. Social identity theory and top management team research suggest executive diversity enhances mutual monitoring and subordinate executives’ independence from the CEO, thus incentivizing subordinate executives to curb CEOs’ opportunistic financial reporting. The empirical results indicate a negative relation between executive ethnic diversity and REM. This result holds after controlling for various characteristics of executives and firms, as well as for potential endogeneity by using instrumental variable regressions and entropy balancing technique. Cross-sectional tests show that the effect is stronger when each executive has a greater influence on the firm’s operating decisions and when the firm has better internal corporate governance. Collectively, our evidence suggests that executive ethnic diversity strengthens the internal governance of U.S. public firms.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48.
A quantitative analysis of macrophage–colony-stimulating factor in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid before and after orthodontic loading
Authors: Katyal Sakshi , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Duggal Ritu , Samrit Vilas D.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To analyze macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a bone remodeling biomarker in the peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF) after insertion and orthodontic loading.

Materials and Methods

This prospective study included 40 miniscrew implant (MSI) sites in 10 subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy utilizing miniscrew anchorage. After dental alignment, miniscrews were inserted between the second premolar and first molar roots. After 21 days of insertion, MSIs were direct loaded with closed-coil springs (200 g force) for en masse retraction of anterior teeth. PMICF was collected with Periopaper™ strips from the gingival crevice around MSIs at six time points (T1–T6: 1 hour, 1 day, 21 days postinsertion, and 7, 21, and 42 days postloading). PMICF was quantified for M-CSF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paired comparison of mean M-CSF concentrations before and after loading stages (T1–T6) was made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

The mean M-CSF concentration showed a significant peak at T3 (21 days postinsertion; 12.646 pg/mL; T1 vs T3: P < .0001). After orthodontic loading of miniscrews, M-CSF levels increased to 13.570 pg/mL at T4 (7 days after loading; T1 vs T4: P < .001) and maintained at a plateau to T5 (21 days postloading; 11.994 pg/mL). However, the difference between preloading and postloading was not statistically significant (T3 vs T4).

Conclusions

The maximum M-CSF activity around MSIs was observed at around 3 weeks of miniscrew insertion, suggesting underlying bone remodeling after surgical injury. However, orthodontic force on MSIs did not cause any significant surge in M-CSF levels postloading.
‘AND EARTH, SEA, MAN, ARE ALL IN EACH’: AN ECOCRITICAL STUDY OF DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI’S SELECTED POEMS
Authors: Islam Md. Zohorul
Published: November 2022

Ecocriticism or Green Study emerged in the field of literature in the late 20th century where the relationship between literary text and physical environment is explored. The recent human actions and environmental degradation have encouraged human beings to explore the ecological visions of the authors from different genres. The industrial revolution in the Victorian era brought enormous changes in society, and literary texts were produced concerning ecological degradation or celebrating the relationship between human beings and nature. Dante Gabriel Rossetti's vision toward establishing the connection between humans and the physical environment is an important aspect of the ecocritical study. Ecocriticism has been widely viewed as a field of study where environmental awareness can be raised through the theoretical study of literary texts. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s selected poems from an ecocritical point of view. Rossetti's poems represent a significant amount of human-nature interaction and nature’s enormous healing power to the eco-system. This study also aims at growing the ecological consciousness of the readers in a world where it is going through a phase of life-threatening climate change.
Estrategias para el desarrollo de habilidades blandas a partir del aprendizaje basado en proyectos y gamificación
Authors: Zepeda Hurtado María Elena , Cortés Ruiz Jésica Alhelí , Cardoso Espinosa Edgar Oliver
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo tuvo la intención de profundizar y verificar la eficacia de estrategias didácticas activas puestas en práctica en el aula para sortear algunos de los problemas a los que se enfrentan tanto el maestro como el alumno: la falta de interés, confusión en los contenidos, dificultad para trabajar en equipo y expresarse, comprender y aplicar los conocimientos de manera cotidiana y en diversos contextos. Por tanto, se presenta una propuesta de una práctica educativa que ha combinado dos estrategias didácticas: aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) y la gamificación, ambas para fortalecer el aprendizaje activo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las habilidades blandas logradas en un grupo de 50 alumnos durante el semestre de agosto-diciembre de 2021, periodo de confinamiento, en el que se implementó de manera virtual la gamificación y el ABP en la unidad de aprendizaje de Expresión Oral y Escrita I del nivel medio superior del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). La metodología está basada en el enfoque cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo. La información se recopiló mediante un cuestionario, el cual fue organizado bajo una escala de Likert. Los resultados muestran que el empleo de estrategias activas y su combinación promueven el desarrollo de habilidades blandas, principalmente las interpersonales, de autocontrol y afrontamiento; en tanto las que representan un área de oportunidad son aquellas relacionadas con la toma de decisiones, pensamiento crítico y las comunicativas. Asimismo, los resultados indican que se desarrollaron equilibradamente los conocimientos, valores y actitudes y se logró que relacionen los aprendizajes en múltiples espacios, al igual que el aprendizaje autónomo.
蘇文擢先生禮學遺稿二題疏證
Authors: 郭 鵬飛 , 許 子濱
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

蘇文擢先生國學深醇，其學融合義理、考據、辭章，於禮學尤爲深邃。現存蘇公經學著作主要收録於《經詁拾存》。發表於《中國語文研究》的《經詁拾存》，包括《爾雅》之部及《禮記》之部，各有十三條及十八條。蘇公治經之微言精義，粲然可觀。筆者藏有蘇公經詁寫本複印本十餘條。此部分經詁，除《九州變置》外，有《三禮》經詁十四條。此等經詁，採用傳統條目札記體式，無不針對《三禮》文本的疑難處，廣綜舊帙，參酌群言，推尋研覈，斷以己意。其識見之卓著、論證之謹嚴，並不遜色於乾嘉學人。加上用雅醇的古文寫成，短小精悍，堪與清人説禮佳構相媲美。本文以《追享朝享申先鄭義》、《庫門天子皋門雉門天子應門解》兩條爲例，整理蘇公這部分經詁，既校對寫本的文字、引文，亦爲之疏通證明，將香港本地經學家放在經學傳承的脈絡中來考察，藉此窺探蘇公的治禮路徑及其成就，彰顯他在經學發展上的地位。

Prof. So Man-jok (1921—1997) (respectfully addressed as So Gong) was one of the most prominent erudite Hong Kong scholars. So Gong specialized in the study of the Confucian Cannons and philosophies of the early masters in the pre-imperial period. His academic achievements and contribution to teaching on the Classics has exerted a great influence on the local intellectual circle. Unlike his publications on literary studies that can be easily accessed, many of his notes on the ritual classics are unpublished handwritten manuscripts. The present paper is the first attempt of its kind to study two of So Gong’s notes regarding the nature of the sacrificial rites of Zhuixiang (追享) and Zhaoxiang (朝享) as well as the number of gates of the imperial court. It finds that So Gong had formulated many original ideas on studying these controversial topics. So Gong’s views surpassed his predecessors particularly the Qing scholars and thus can undoubtedly earn his place in the context of academic history.
曹勝高：《秦漢文學格局之形成》
Authors: 孟 飛
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

秦漢文學位於中國文學史長河的上游，其導源衍流的重要地位可不言而喻，考察秦漢文學的形成過程，有助於我們全面清理文學形態發展的總體態勢，深入分析文學形式形成的關鍵走勢，從而更爲清晰地闡明中國文學的結構組成。前人並非没有意識及此，然而由於秦漢文學與經學、史學、子學、藝術等合流同注、雜糅並生的特點，使得這一課題必須建立在多學科交叉硏究的基礎上，對硏究者要求極高，難度係數極大，因此大都望峰息心、鮮有問津。曹勝高教授“不畏浮雲遮望眼，自緣身在最高層”，其新著《秦漢文學格局之形成》（北京：中國社會科學出版社，2016年10月）一書運用獨特的視角爲我們揭示了秦漢文學生成的全新圖景，在觀點上取得了總體性的突破，堪稱一次成功的學術登頂。(撮要取自內文首段)
讀俞樾《諸子平議•商君書》記
Authors: 郭 鵬飛 , 蔡 挺
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

德清俞樾（1821—1907），字蔭甫，號曲園，晚清樸學大家，徐世昌（1855—1939）《清儒學案•曲園學案》曰：“曲園之學，以高郵王氏爲宗。發明故訓，是正文字，而務爲廣博，旁及百家，著述閎富，同、光之間，蔚然爲東南大師。”《諸子平議》一書，是俞樾的代表作，可説是子學訓釋的鉅著。此書仿效王念孫（1744—1832）《讀書雜志》而補其未及，識力之精，涉獵之廣，爲《雜志》之後，從事子學者不可或缺的典籍。然而，智者千慮，容或有失，今就俞氏《諸子平議•商君書》部分，舉其精到見解，檢其可議之處，略陳己見，以明是書之得失。

Yu Yue (1821-1907) was a distinguished scholar of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), whose tremendous achievements in the study of the Chinese classics and philology have been greatly respected up to the present time. His Remarks on the Book of Lord Shang (Shangjun shu pingyi) has long remained an essential reference for Chinese philologists and philosophers. Although the book contains comprehensive and meticulous analyses, there are also several inaccuracies. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the successes and flaws of Yu’s book.
清代狀元李振鈞的詩性養成及其詩歌特性考論
Authors: 郭 鵬飛
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

道光九年狀元李振鈞著有《味燈聽葉廬詩草》二卷，在後期作品大量散佚的情況下仍存詩四百餘首。李振鈞的人生境遇、詩性養成與科舉考試密切相關，他的詩是窮而後工的表現。詩學上轉益多師，取法多變，而通籍後所作大概與陸游詩最爲契心，故受陸詩的影響較大。遺憾的是，同處於晚清宋詩運動的浪潮中，由於種種原因，李振鈞卻是個邊緣人物。他的詩集經歷百年沉埋再見于世，雖未給人以滄海遺珠的驚喜，但仍不失爲晚清文學史研究的一個有價值的案例。

Ranked number one in the national civil service examination of the ninth year of the Daoguang reign period (1829), Li Zhenjun is the author of Drafted Verses of the Studio of Tasting the Lamp and Listening to the Leaves (Weidengtingye lu shicao) in two fascicles. More than 400 poems are still extant even though most of his works dated from his later years did not survive. The national civil service examination had a profound impact on Li Zhenjun’s life and the formation of his poetic cultivation. His poetry is a realization of the common theory that “one’s poetry excels only when one becomes disillusioned.” In poetics, Li emulates several masters and adopts a variety of methods. His poems written after taking office became a close match with Lu You’s, as a result of the profound influence from Lu. Unfortunately, for some reason Li was marginalized in the Song-dynasty shi-poetry movement during the late Qing period. After a century of obviation, Li’s oeuvre was rediscovered. Although it has not been a great surprise, it serves as a valuable resource for a case study of the literary history of the late Qing period.
Ukraine – a candidate for joining the EU: current challenges of the court system
Authors: Berch Veronika
Published: November 2022

Purpose. The scientific article is devoted to the study of the current state of the judicial system in the conditions of martial law, as well as the analysis of the challenges of the judicial system in connection with Ukraine's acquisition of the status of a candidate for EU accession.

Research methods. The methodological basis of the scientific article is a complex of general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition, the application of which made it possible to reveal the essence of the proposed problem. The method of analysis and synthesis, modeling, axiomatic and systematic methods of scientific knowledge was used.

Results and conclusions. Today, in the conditions of the military invasion of Russia, the judicial system of Ukraine has the following features. Among them are the following: in settlements where court buildings have already been destroyed or hostilities are still ongoing, the implementation of judicial proceedings has become impossible (this problem was partially solved by changing territorial jurisdiction, creating "back-up copies" of documents in court cases, holding court sessions in a remote format ); the judicial system still receives funding, and 50% of the judges' salaries are given to the needs of the Armed Forces, however, there are no special funds with capital investments for construction/repair/restoration; there is a problem with the evacuation of judges from temporarily occupied territories; there are isolated cases of collaborators among the representatives of the judicial corps. Among other things, with regard to the judicial system as a whole: there is a problem of excessive workload of judges, which results in rather long proceedings; and the considerable length of tender procedures is also a problem.

Most recently, Ukraine received the status of a candidate for EU membership. However, it should be understood that in order to obtain full membership, maximum efforts should be made to meet European standards. The judicial system should also be properly modernized, first of all, in the aspect of strengthening the independence of judges, eliminating corruption, as well as strengthening the trust of Ukrainian society and the international community in the judicial system of Ukraine as a whole. Ukraine must become attractive for investors, and this is impossible if there are concerns about the existence of conditions for the proper implementation of the right of business to judicial protection, as well as consideration of the case by a competent court in a reasonable time.
META-ANALISIS PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Utami Siti Hanifa Ari , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to re-analyze the application of the role playing method to the speaking skills of elementary school students.The research method used is meta-analysis by summarizing various research results by examining the parts of each study and the relationship between each study to obtain in-depth conclusions on the research studied with a sample of 10 national journals that are relevant to the title of the research conducted. The data collection technique was carried out by searching electronic journals through Google Scholar with the keywords "role playing method", "speaking skills", "elementary school students", "speaking skills". Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.The results of the study found that the role playing learning method had an effect on the speaking skills of elementary school students ranging from the lowest 7.86% to the highest 94.25% with an average of 32%. From the data analysis above, the application of the role playing method has a major influence on the speaking skills of elementary school students.
MATHEMATICS LEARNING STRATEGY BOOK ON PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
Authors: Sintawati Mukti , Mardati Asih , Abdurrahman Ginanjar
Published: November 2022

The goal of this study is to describe the impact of a mathematics learning strategy book on elementary school pre-service teacher' pedagogical content knowledge. The research method used is experimental research with poor experimental methods. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. This study's sample size is 94 pre-service teachers or elementary school teacher education students. Tests and assessment sheets are data collection instruments for measuring PCK. The test is used to determine PK and CK levels. The Quizizz application is used to administer the test, which is in the form of multiple choice questions. PCK is measured using a score sheet. The data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. To explain the distribution of PCK data, descriptive statistics are used. To test the research hypotheses, inferential statistics are used. The paired sample t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The results show that pre-service teachers' PCK is in the high range. The hypothesis test results show that the mathematics learning strategy book used in learning is effective against pre-service teachers' PCK. Mathematics learning strategy books used in elementary schools not only contain theory and material, but also provide examples of student worksheets based on specific strategies/methods. This is what helps pre-service teachers understand so that it has an impact on increasing PCK.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BUKU TEKS STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Darmuki Agus , Hidayati Nur Alfin , Ayuningsih Amelia
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the analysis of the needs for textbooks for learning strategy courses in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. The focus of this needs analysis is on the shortcomings and desires of students related to learning strategy textbooks. This research method uses a qualitative description. Data collection through a series of questionnaires was distributed to students of PBSI IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro to analyze the needs, shortcomings, and motivation to learn learning strategies for the needs of prospective teachers. This survey research uses a series of questionnaires that includes three steps to determine the needs of students and lecturers. The research subjects were level II students in the fourth semester of the PBSI IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro Study Program, which amounted to 32 people. Analysis of the data used quantitative analysis. Interviews used in the form of open interviews were conducted with lecturers and students. Observation instruments are also used to determine the learning process of learning strategy courses in the classroom. The results showed that the available learning strategy textbooks were still limited and the appearance of the books did not match the characteristics of students so that they felt less interested in reading. In addition, students also have difficulty understanding the text, because the language used is less communicative and there are some vocabulary that is difficult to understand and the text books available in the field have not integrated character education values. In conclusion, students and lecturers need a textbook of learning strategies based on character education values.
How “I” Shifts When Crossing Borders: Reflections of South Korean Artists Who Study Abroad in the United States
Authors: Koh Jinyoung
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the distinct journeys of two cross-cultural South Korean artists who each received an MFA degree in the United States. The research examines challenges faced by cross-cultural students, correlating with previous literature on the subject. The analysis provides insights on the experiences of cross-cultural artists, highlighting the educational implications for both artists and art educators, encouraging them to approach students in a manner that fully embraces their abilities.
A Model-Free Cognitive Anti-Jamming Strategy Using Adversarial Learning Algorithm
Authors: Sudha Y. , Sarasvathi V.
Published: November 2022

Modern networking systems can benefit from Cognitive Radio (CR) because it mitigates spectrum scarcity. CR is prone to jamming attacks due to shared communication medium that results in a drop of spectrum usage. Existing solutions to jamming attacks are frequently based on Q-learning and deep Q-learning networks. Such solutions have a reputation for slow convergence and learning, particularly when states and action spaces are continuous. This paper introduces a unique reinforcement learning driven anti-jamming scheme that uses adversarial learning mechanism to counter hostile jammers. A mathematical model is employed in the formulation of jamming and anti-jamming strategies based on deep deterministic policy gradients to improve their policies against each other. An open-AI gym-oriented customized environment is used to evaluate proposed solution concerning power-factor and signal-to-noise-ratio. The simulation outcome shows that the proposed anti-jamming solution allows the transmitter to learn more about the jammer and devise the optimal countermeasures than conventional algorithms.
A Decentralized Medical Network for Maintaining Patient Records Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Sumathi M. , Raja S. P. , Vijayaraj N. , Rajkamal M.
Published: November 2022

Personal Medical Records (PMR) manage an individual’s medical information in digital form and allow patients to view their medical information and doctors to diagnose diseases. Today’s institution-dependent centralized storage, fails to give trustworthy, secure, reliable, and traceable patient controls. This leads to a serious disadvantage in diagnosing and preventing diseases. The proposed blockchain technique forms a secured network between doctors of the same specialization for gathering opinions on a particular diagnosis by sharing the PMR with consent to provide better care to patients. To finalize the disease prediction, members can approve the diagnosis. The smart contract access control allows doctors to view and access the PMR. The scalability issue is resolved by the Huffman code data compression technique, and security of the PMR is achieved by an advanced encryption standard. The proposed techniques’ requirements, latency time, compression ratio and security analysis have been compared with existing techniques.