bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroaxial Verses General Anesthesia for Gynecological Surgeries
Authors: . Hiranand , Salman Quratul Ain , Sattar Abdul , Zeb Anum , Asghar Faheem , Ashfaq Shumaila
Published: June 2022

Objective: To evaluate the anaesthetic effects, patient satisfaction, and the Oxidative Stress Index between neuroaxial anaesthesia (NA) and general anaesthesia (GA) during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Study Design: Prospective randomized study Place and Duration: Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar.1st Jan, 2021 to 30 June, 2021. Methods: The research involved ninety women between the ages of 20 and 55 who were scheduled to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for unexplained infertility and had an ASA I-II physical status.Age, BMI and laparotomy indication were documented after obtaining informed written permission from each patient. Patients were equally divided in two groups group I received neuroaxial anesthesia and group II received general anesthesia. Post-operative outcomes among both groups were compared. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results:Mean age of the patients in group I was 33.4±11.32 years and had mean BMI 25.4±7.81 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 30.7±14.63 years with mean BMI 22.8±9.52 kg/m2. In group I 28 (62.2%) cases had ASA class I and in group II 30 (66.7%) cases had ASA class I. Diagnostic laparoscopy was majority in numbers among both groups 29 (64.4%) in group I and 26 (57.8%) in group II. Among both groups paratubal cystectomy was most common symptom found in 6 (13.3%) cases and 7 (15.6%) cases. Mean operative time in neuroaxial group was lower 45.3±6.52 minutes as compared to group II was 54.8±11.42 minutes. Mean time of anesthesia was also lower in group I as compared to group II with p value <0.003. Mean pain score was significantly reduced in group I 3.6±8.61 as compared to group II 6.8±11.92. Heart rate and arterial pressure was lower in group I. Post-operative Oxidative Stress index among patients of group II was higher 1.9±4.45 as compared to group I 0.9±0.42. Conclusion:We concluded in this study that the use of neuroaxial anesthesia undergoing gynecologica laparoscopy was effective and useful as compared to general anesthesia in terms of less pain score and oxidative stress index. Except this frequency of adverse events were also lower in neuroaxial group. Keywords: Laparoscopy, Nueroaxial Anesthesia, General Anesthesia, Complication, Pain score
Aplastic Anemia in Patients with New-Onset Pancytopenia
Authors: Kaleem Zain , Rehman Ayesha , Rafique Muhammad Aamir , Altaf Aiman
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of aplastic anemia in patients with new-onset pancytopenia Study Design: This was discripative cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Our current research was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from June 2021 to November 2021 Methods: The study comprised 220 patients who had peripheral blood smears and showed new onset pancytopenia. Participants had to sign an informed consent form, be at least 14 years old, and be of either sex to be eligible. Patients were interviewed and physically examined for 20 to 30 minutes as part of the study, which included access to electronic health record data. Results: There were 122 (55.5%) male and 98 (44.5%) female patients in the study group. 107 (48.6%) patients belonged to middle class, 78 (35.5%) belonged to lower class while 35 (15.9%) patients belonged to high class. Aplastic anemia was diagnosed in 73 (33.2%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of aplastic anemia was found to be 33.2% in children presenting with new-onset pancytopenia. There was no significant difference in the frequency of aplastic anemia across age, gender and socioeconomic status. Keywords: Aplastic Anemia; Pancytopenia; Hematemesis; Anemia
Designing Virtual Educational Environment in Light of Distance Learning Requirements to Develop Creative Teaching Skills for Faculty Members at University of Hail
Authors: Alobeid Allah Tamara Awad Kheder , Ibrahim Thanaa Abd Al Rasheed Muhammad , Murad Seham Alsayed Saleh
Published: June 2022

Summary of the Research: The current research aimed to design a virtual learning environment in light of the distance education requirements for the development of creative teaching skills among faculty members at the University of Hail. The descriptive analytical approach was used and an expert opinion poll was used about the list of distance education requirements and the list of creative teaching skills; The results of a questionnaire to identify needs, which were applied to a sample of (120) faculty members at the University of Hail, showed that all areas of training needs in the field of creative teaching are required and important, and that the degree of training need for creative teaching skills in Its five axes came to a large degree, of creative teaching and creative teaching skills related to fluency, flexibility and originality for the research sample. The teaching staff at the University of Hail is based on the requirements of distance education and is judged by specialists in training programs according to a special evaluation card to take into account the availability of technical and educational standards in its design. Keywords: environment design - opinion poll - e-learning - creativity in teaching - general design
Effect of Oxidative Stress in Elite Athletes and Characterization of Sodium Dodecylsulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Baştürk Zeliha , Kiliç Mehmet , Embiyaoğlu Nuri M.
Published: June 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the protein characterization of oxidative stress effects in elite athletes with the SDS-Page method. Material and Methods: 28 male athletes voluntarily participated in the study, competing in 4 different branches (Cycling – n = 7, Boxing – n = 7, Wrestling – n = 7, Teaekwondo – n = 7), with an average age of 21-25 years and actively doing sports. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Selçuk University School of Physical Education and Sports. Blood samples were taken three times as a result of resting, anaerobic and aerobic strength tests. All serums obtained were protein isolated using the EURX brand Gene Matrix Universal DNA/RNA Protein Purifacition kit in the molecular biology laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University. Proteins were characterized by BIORAD Mini Protean Electrophoresis System SDS-Page method with THERMO PagerulerPrestained Protein Ladder marker. Results: Bands with a size of 200 kDa, which were evaluated as immunoglobulins, were found in cycling rest, boxing resting and maximal, wrestling maximal and submaximal values. In addition, all three status values of the bicycle group are similar. Boxing group is the most distinctive group in terms of protein profile and content. While the maximal and submaximal values were similar in the wrestling group, fainter protein bands were observed in the resting states. Although the resting and maximal protein profiles and contents of the taekwondo group were similar, it can be said that protein bands are more prominent in submaximal exercise results. As a result; The serum protein concentrations of the athlete groups are similar. While the similarities of the cycling, boxing and taekwondo groups were more evident in terms of protein content and profiles, the maximal and submaximal post-exercise values of the wrestlers were similar. Conclusions: We can associate the differences between the groups of athletes with the intensity and intensity of the exercise they have done. It can be said that the protein fraction is lower after maximal exercises for cyclists and submaximal for boxers and taekwondoers. The number of bands is higher and more prominent in the boxing group compared to the other groups. In the wrestling group, on the other hand, while the maximal and submaximal protein characterizations were similar, fainter bands were observed in the resting profiles. The reason for this change is thought to be due to oxidative stress as well as genetic differences and/or acute or chronic physiological changes specific to the branch. Keywords: apoptosis, exercise, protein, oxidative stress
Comparative Physiochemical and Anatomical Changes of Metabolic Pathways in Women Because of Obesity, A Clinical Study
Authors: Hussain Rizwana , Khowaja Sehar , Andleeb Jazib , Memon Arisha Sana , Saqib Alina , Shuja Naveed
Published: June 2022

Aims and objectives: To identify physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in obese women of our community for health awareness were the aims and objectives of this study and it was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 at different medical institutes of Pakistan comparatively. Materials and Methods: 300 total women of 30-40 years of age group were selected and divided them into two different groups. In Control group there was 100 normal women while in obese group, 200 women were sort out. BMI, skin fold thickness, random glucose levels, uric acid levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and Disc height index were measured comparative. Raw data of all variables were presented through bio-statistically model SPSS-2018. Mean standard deviation and significant (p<0.05) changes were consider for the description of obtained results. Results: Different parameters such as BMI, skin fold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, disc height index, random glucose and uric acid levels of group-2 (34.12 ± 0.01, 33.2±0.01, 140.01± 0.04, 90.01± 0.01, 6.6 ± 0.04, 150.11± 0.04, 7.02± 0.01) showed a significant changes (p<0.05) than group-1(20.07± 0.03, 28.6±0.04, 118.02± 0.01, 69.02± 0.02, 7.4 ± 0.02, 130.01± 0.02, 4.12± 0.03) randomly. Conclusion: In this study BMI, skin fold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, disc height index, random glucose and uric acid levels are biomarkers were showed a significant changes in obese women as compared with the normal women. It has seen that obesity caused severe metabolic changes in the biological system which is so harmful for human health. Keywords: Basic metabolic index, Skin fold thickness, Skin fold thickness.
Prevalence of Postural Biomechanical Awareness among Male and Female Paramedical Staff During Patient Transfer-A Comparative Study
Authors: Sadiq Ayesha , Waris Misbah , Ahmed Maryem Manzoor , Riaz Irum , Fatima Shahtaj , Aamna Hafiza , Waris Sadaf
Published: June 2022

Objective: This comparative study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and practice of correct postural biomechanical awareness among male and female paramedical staff during patient transfer. Methods: Data was collected from Surgical, Orthopedic, Emergency, Operation Theater, Gynae & Labor wards of 20 different hospitals and institutes of Lahore i.e. Services Hospital, Jinnah Hospital, UOL Teaching Hospital, Gulab Devi Hospital, Mayo Hospital, Bajwah Hospital, Iqra Medical Complex, Gosha e Shifa Hospital, Farooq Hospital, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Hajrah Hospital, Ganga Ram Hospital, Life Care Hospital, General Hospital, Hameed Latif, Wapda Hospital, Najam Hospital, PSRD Hospital, Children Hospital, Rescue 1122 (EMS=Emergency Medical Services). Data was collected from these paramedics including Ward boys, Nurses, Midwives and EMS. A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted and 210 members were studied. A well-structured questionnaire(1) based on Thurston scale “yes” and “no” was used, which was filled by both gender paramedics working in these settings. All participants were chosen via simple random sampling. Results: Results were divided in three domains. First assessed demographics, second assessed knowledge while Third domain assessed the practice of knowledge by the participants. Results were represented in Graphs, Tables and Cross Tabulations. Data was analyzed on SPSS (version 20). First domain showed that participants are usually from lower class and least from middle class, second domain determines that female participants have good knowledge in contrast to third domain that showed that male participants have good practice. Conclusion: Valid Conclusion showed that both gender participants should increase both knowledge as well as practice of Correct postural biomechanics. Keywords: Body mechanics, Knowledge, Practice, Paramedical staff, male and female, Lahore, Pakistan.
Fear and Practice Modifications of Dentists During the Omicron ERA of Covid-19
Authors: Ismail Fahad , Muneer Muhammad Usman , Altaf Junaid , Munir Nadia , Darvesh Sajjad Ali , Zeeshan Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Background/Aim: After the rapid spread of the COVID 19 when it first started in December 2019, the omicron wave of the infection started to rise again in November 2021. During this time Centers for Disease Control and Prevention came up with a comprehensive plan in place which allowed dentists to treat patients safely. Due to the fear of contraction of the virus and its easy transmissibility, it begs to reason that dental practitioners should modify the clinical practice to ensure optimal cross infection control. Methods: Our sample size consisted of 290 respondents from all over Pakistan, all of whom were dental practitioners using a standardized questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS V.23. Frequencies were calculated & the Mann-Whitney u-test of significance was applied to the responses. Results: It was seen that out of the 290 respondents, 79% of the total respondents were anxious about treating patients with suspicious signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and 81% of the respondents were afraid of carrying the infection back to their families. On the other hand, only 49% of the respondents said that they use N95 respirators while treating patients, 28% of the respondents said that they were using rubber dams for aerosol-generating procedures and 49% said that they would perform 4 to 6 handed dentistry. Conclusion: There was a lack of adherence to the CDC proposed guidelines by the majority of the respondents despite having fear regarding the transmissibility of the disease. Keywords: Omicron wave, dental practice modifications, fear of COVID-19
Frequency and Etiology of Maxillofacial Fractures in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shah Khadim , Ullah Hidayat , Qayyum Zahid , Ullah Saif
Published: June 2022

Trauma is a global issue that causes illness and death. Maxillofacial fractures are common following trauma. Aims: To determine the frequency and etiology of maxillofacial fractures in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Methodology: The entire study population was adult having oral and maxillofacial trauma visiting the outpatient/emergency department at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from April to October 2018. Patients (n=205) were enrolled. Detailed history with examination was done. An OPG (orthopantomogram) radiographic confirmation of maxillofacial fracture was performed, PA face (Reverse Towne’s view open mouth), occipitomental (OM) view, sub-mentovertex (SMV) view and computerized tomography (CT) scan when needed. All this information was recorded on Performa. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results were presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Majority of patients (56.1%) suffered from road traffic accidents, 3.4% patients had few of them (3.4%) had sports injuries, 11.7% patients had interpersonal violence or firearm injuries while rest (18.1%) had injures from animals. As per maxillofacial surgeries, 3.9% patients had maxilla fractures, 10.7% patients had mandible fractures, 17.8% patients had zygomatic complex fractures, 13.2% naso-orbital fractures, 13.2% orbit fractures, 16.6% had frontal bone fractures, and 34.6% had nasal bone fractures. Conclusion: The study concluded that the most common supporting maxillofacial trauma is young men with a common etiological condition of road accidents. Keywords: Maxillofacial Injuries; Fractures, Bone; Causality; Accidents, Traffic.
The Diagnostic Performance of Fluorescent Microscopy and MTB/RIF Assay Gene Xpert in Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Kiran Mehwish , Naqvi Syed Mazhar Ali , Iqbal Arslan , Batool Huma , Zaheer Butt Abdur Rahman , Shafi Nazish
Published: June 2022

Objective: To find out the diagnostic precision of GeneXpert and AFB smear by fluorescent microscope for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis keeping the culture as a gold standard. Methodology: A survey performed in the Pulmonology and Pathology Department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Patients of age 16-70 years, both genders presented with cough>2weeks, fever >99oF, and sputum, with radiographic findings constant with pulmonary T.B were included in this study. Patients previously diagnosed with PTB and on antibiotics within 2 weeks at the time of inclusion and patients having extrapulmonary TB were excluded from this study. Patients were asked to submit sputum samples in 2 containers, one having 2-3 ml and the other having 4-5 ml of sputum. The samples were proceeded according to SOPs for FM sputum microscopy, MTB/RIF assay & sputum culture. The collected data was analysed statistically with the help of SPSS version 20. Results: There were 100 patients included in this study with mean age of cases 42.66 ± 15.69 years. There were 59% male and 41% female, with a higher male to female ratio. 73% cases were positive on Gene Xpert, 68% on AFB smear, and 72% cases were positive on culture. The specificity, sensitivity, NPV, PPV & overall diagnostic accuracy of Gene Xpert was 71.43%, 90.28%, 74.07%, 89.04% and 85.00% and for AFB LED-FM microscopy was 86.11%, 78.57%, 91.18%, 68.75% and 84.00% respectively. Conclusion: Simple modality like fluorescent microscopy gave better results and diagnostic yield as compared to Zn microscopy. Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected TB in very short time, and it is sensitive and accurate method along with detection of rifampicin resistance. However, more studies like that should be recommended as Pakistan is still at 5th number among high load diseased countries. The culture is always a gold standard method among all these sensitive and specific methods. Keywords: Pulmonary TB, Gene Xpert, Fluorescent microscopy, sensitivity, specificity.
Comparison of Dry Needling and Dry Cupping in Positional Fault of Pelvis Due to Myofascial Trigger Points in Quadratus Lumborum
Authors: Akhtar Huma , Noor Rabiya , Khan Agha Salman , Saqib Farzana , Saleem Namra , Waris Sadaf
Published: June 2022

Objective: Quadratus Lumborum is actively used in our daily life for example in sitting and climbing stairs and trigger points are common in this region. The objective of this study was to find the effectiveness of dry needling and dry cupping in positional faults of pelvis due to myofascial trigger points in quadratus lumborum and to check if any of the techniques is superior to the other so that the best treatment option should be selected for patients. Methodology: This was a randomized clinical trial. A rehabilitation camp was arranged in Physiotherapy department of Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot Pakistan. 26 participants (by keeping 10% attrition rate) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Convenient Random sampling method was done to divide the participants equally into 2 groups. Group A was treated by dry needling and Group B was treated by dry cupping. A conventional physiotherapy treatment (hot pack and stretching) was also given to both groups. The outcome measures of the study were numeric pain rating scale for subjective pain assessment, algometer for pressure pain threshold, pelvic goniometer for functional positional fault and measuring tape for muscle length. Participants were treated twice a week over a period of 3 weeks. Pre and Post treatment readings were taken in 1st and 6th session over a 3 week period. A follow up reading was also taken after 1 month for checking prolonged treatment effects. Results: To analyze data independent t-test (for Inter group comparison) and Repeated measure Anova (for Intra group comparison) were used. The research accepted Alternate hypothesis as the P value for all parameters was <0.005. Conclusion: The study concluded that dry needling was statistically superior to dry cupping for the treatment of pain and for improving pelvic positional fault. So, it should be applied to patients for the treatment of trigger points. Keywords: Dry needling, Dry cupping, Myofascial trigger points, Quadratus lumborum, positional fault of pelvis.
Association of Zinc and Vitamin A with Pulmonary TB Infection and PTB-HIV CO-Infection
Authors: Mumtaz Salma , Shaikh Khalida , Mangi Rozina , Ghafoor Abdul , Rani Fahima , Naeem Aqsa
Published: June 2022

Objectives of Study: To assess serum zinc and vitamin A levels among patients of PTB and PTB-HIV co-infection. Study Setting: Physiology department, Chest Medicine department, HIV center and Medical Research Centre, LUMHS Jamshoro and the Institute of Chest Diseases in Kotri TB Sanatorium Hospital. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, patients having PTB and PTB-HIV co-infection were recruited from Chest Medicine Department and the Institute of Chest Diseases in Kotri after approval from Ethical Review Committee, LUMHS, Jamshoro. Study participants divided in two groups; one group (n=114) included diagnosed cases of PTB having no co-infection while in other group (n=9) there were patients having coinfection of PTB and HIV. The sampling method was non probability purposive. Blood samples were obtained intravenously after informed consent. Serum zinc levels were determined by zinc ELIA kit and vitamin A by vitamin A ELISA kit. Results: Mean age of study participants was 28.88 years and among them 69.11 percent were AFB positive. To find out drug resistance, gene Xpert was done that was positive in 95.93 percent of patients. Vitamin A and zinc levels were decreased in the main but furthermore they were compared between PTB and PTB-HIV coinfection. Mean of vitamin A in PTB and PTB/HIV co-infection groups were 0.07 and 0.02 respectively, (p-value=0.03 and t value=2.09) that show statistically significant difference in vitamin A levels in two groups. Mean of serum zinc in PTB and PTB/HIV co-infection groups were 2.84 and 1.14 respectively, (p-value<0.01 and t value=2.89) that show highly significant difference statistically. Conclusion: Vitamin A and zinc are significantly less in coinfected people. Keywords: Co-infection, HIV, PTB, vitamin A, Zinc
Urdu English Foreign Language Learners Voices Learning English Online During the COVID-19
Authors: Khan Sana , Hussain Sajjad , Alnaas Taha Ayman Riheel , Ebshara Milad Salem , Raza Hafiz Ali , Chamidah Dina
Published: June 2022

The unprecedented closure of institutions and schools due to the current epidemic has renewed interest in entirely online education. During the COVID-19 outbreaks, this survey aimed to discover how Urdu EFL students felt about online learning. Written reflections were used to collect qualitative data from 40 Pakistani undergraduate students majoring in English, with five of them selected for a semi-structured interview on purpose. Because it was regarded appropriate during the current epidemic, the student participants had positive attitudes toward online learning. However, according to qualitative data analysis, they preferred to learn English in face-to-face classrooms. In addition, an unstable internet connection, a lack of contact and teacher explanations, and potential distractions impeded their online English learning. Participants also made recommendations, and a debate was held on the educational implications. Keywords: COVID-19, online learning, EFL learners, Reflections.
Use of Antenatal Steroids Treatment to Reduce Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity Prior to Cesarean Section in Preterm Birth
Authors: Noor Ammar , Rafi Wajeeha , Hashim Khan Hafiz Muhammad , Butt Tayyab Arif , Haq Muhammad Inam Ul , Bajwa Muhammad Mohsin
Published: June 2022

Objective: To compare the rate of neonatal respiratory morbidity between individuals who received prenatal corticosteroids before to caesarean delivery at 34-37 weeks and those who did not. Patients and Methods: A total of 150 patients who presented with preterm labour having gestational age between 34-37 weeks and no neonatal congenital anomaly on anomaly scan were recruited from June-2021 to December-2021 from the gynecology unit of Nishtar Hospital Multan. Women divided into two groups. Group A; in these patients intramuscular dexamethasone (12 mg) was given in 2 doses 12 hours apart. Group B (Control group): in these patients no drug was given as a prophylaxis again neonatal respiratory morbidity. After delivery, each neonate was monitored for 24 hours after delivery to determine the respiratory morbidity. Results: Mean age of patients was 31.19±5.02 years. Mean gestational age was 35.66±1.10 weeks with range of 34-37 weeks. There were 78 (52.0%) patients who were prima-gravida and remaining 72 (48.0%) were Multi-gravida. There were 14 (9.3%) patients who were having previous abortion history. Respiratory morbidity was diagnosed in only 2 (2.7%) neonates in group A and in 07 (9.3%) neonates in group B (p-value 0.08) Conclusion: Prenatal corticosteroid therapy prior to elective caesarean section at 34–37 weeks of gestation significantly reduces neonatal respiratory morbidity. Keywords: Antenatal corticosteroids, Elective cesarean section, Neonatal respiratory morbidity.
Role of Serum Albumin-and Bilirubin Biomarkers in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Ahmad Rubia , Sarfaraz Maria , Javaid Muhammad Faisal , Sarfaraz Alia , Farooq Ahsan , Awan Muhammad Nazir
Published: June 2022

Objective: To compared the levels of serum albumin (ALB) and bilirubin (BIL) in glaucoma patients to those of a control group of individuals who did not have the glaucoma. Methods: A total of 50 glaucoma patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited from January-2022 to April-2022. Diagnosis of glaucoma was based on ophthalmology department. We recruited only those patients who were not having any kind of infection or were not taking antibiotics at the time of sample withdrawal. Serum ALB and BIL levels were measured in all patients. Results: Mean age was 59.1±7.6 years in Glaucoma and 61.3±6.5 years in controls (p-value 0.12). There were 28 (56.0%) male patients in glaucoma and 27 (54%) male patients in controls (p-value 0.84). Mean serum albumin (ALB) levels were lower in glaucoma patients; 42.5±0.67 g/L versus 45.2±0.81 g/L in healthy controls (p-value <0.0001). Serum bilirubin levels were also lower in glaucoma patients; 15.1±1.80 mmol/L versus 18.3±1.95 mmol/L in healthy controls (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Serum ALB and BIL are lower in glaucoma patients. However, ideal cut off values of these parameters are still to be decided to predict glaucoma. Keywords: Albumin, Bilirubin, Glaucoma.
Frequency of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Rafi Wajeeha , Noor Ammar , Khan Hafiz Muhammad Hashim , Butt Tayyab Arif , Haq Muhammad Inam Ul , Bajwa Muhammad Mohsin
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection in patients of dyspepsia. Patients and Methods: A total number of 150 patients with diagnosis of dyspepsia, both male and female having age 18-60 years and having duration of symptoms of dyspepsia from > 6 months were included from June-2021 to February-2022. Baseline characteristics such as age, gender, duration of symptoms, educational status and marital status was noted. In laboratory gram staining and rapid urease test was done to diagnose H. pylori. Diagnostic endoscopy was done in all patients. Biopsy specimens was taken from abnormal lesions for histopathological diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Results: Mean age was 40.11±9.08 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 13.24±5.42 months. There were 72(48%) male patients and 78(52%) female patients. Helicobacter pylori was found present in 86 (50.89%) and it was absent in 83 (49.11%) patients Conclusion: In present study, H. Pylori was diagnosed in 50.89% patients which is very high, so the patients presenting with functional dyspepsia should always be evaluated first for the possibility of H. Pylori infection. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, dyspepsia.
OPTIMIZATION OF DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS EMPLOYING HYBRID TAGUCHI-GTMA-UTILITY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Yousufuddin Syed , Khan Naseeb , Saleem Muhammad
Published: June 2022

With the advent of employing bio-fuels along with the diesel in compression ignition engines the study of performance and emission characteristics have occupied the prominence, owing to diversified multi responses. As the limited information is available about the application of Taguchi based GTMA process to maximize the overall performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine, in the present work the investigation was carried out to maximize the overall utility by employing the Taguchi based GTMA process. By following the user preference rating, weights for the response characteristics namely brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen were calculated using graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA). The parameter hydrogen induction played a major role to an extent of 78.62% while Injection opening pressure playing a minor role with a contribution of 7.06%. The optimal parameters condition was at mid-level of the governing parameters namely IOP, CR and volume of hydrogen inducted. The predicted results were within 95% of confidence interval of the optimal values. Therefore, the hydrogen inductance into the cylinder not only improving the performance but also minimizing the emission characteristics.
Mechanical Properties of Latex Modified Nylon Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash
Authors: Sridhar Jayaprakash , Jegatheeswaran Dhanapal , Dash Bimalendu
Published: June 2022

Nylon fibers are used as strengthening material to increase the mechanical properties of concrete.In thisstudy mechanical properties of concrete containing latex modified nylon fiber reinforced concrete wasassessed with fractional substitution of cement by flyash for M40 grade concrete at 7 days, 14 days and 28days of curing. The dosage of fibres used in this study was 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% of volume fraction.Cement was replaced with fly ash at a percentage of 10%, 15%, 20% by weight. SBR latex was varied at arate of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% to the total cementitious content in concrete. Cube, cylinder and prism specimensare tested to determine the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength at 7 days and 28 days curing.Results shows that Nylon fiber reinforced concrete with 0.15% of fiber, 0.05% SBR Latex with 10% hashigher influence on flexural strength, split tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete.
Domestication and value addition of Artocarpus lakoocha
Authors: Pai Vinayak , Akhilraj T.M.
Published: June 2022

A study has been conducted in Joida taluk of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka to assess the utilization,constraints and probable outcome expected by the Artocarpus lakoocha tree. A semi structured questionnairesurvey was conducted among the local people of different villages of Joida taluk. This species acts as asecondary source of income for rural people. The steps involved in the processing and marketing wererecorded. The actual market rate and cost of production was assessed and cost- benefit ratio was calculated.The cost-benefit ratio being 1:1.6 or 1:2 shows that value addition of this fruit is economically viable. Thoughthis fruit tree is only semi domesticated it provides plenty of products. Domestication and value addition ofthis fruit tree will be boon to the villagers as well as small scaled industries.
Phytosociology and Diversity Assessment of tree species of Northern Delhi Ridge Forest
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Baishya Ratul , Gawdiya Sandeep , Verma Ankur
Published: June 2022

The interaction of biodiversity with the physical environment is the bedrock of sustainable development.The worldâs forests covered more than 4 billion hectares, accounting for 31% of total land area or 0.6 ha percapita. Tropical forests in India, which are mostly deciduous, are poorly understood in terms ofphytodiversity, phytosociology, and quantification regimes. Ridge forests of Delhi are of great interest forbiodiversity management in the city. Phtyodiversity inventories set a baseline for other forest managementstudies and initiatives. The Northern Delhi Ridge also known as the Kamla Nehru Ridge the study area forthe current work, is located in Delhi, India, one of the significant biodiversity rich areas in the Delhi, tostudy the phytosociological attributes of tree species from the sampled inventory of different tree taxa. Thestudy revealed that average tree density per hectare for the Northern ridge forest as 322 trees/ha.
Algal Diversity of a Freshwater Lake of Tumkur City, Karnataka, India
Authors: Venkateshappa G. , Krishna Mr.
Published: June 2022

Water is a universal solvent, where almost all the living beingâs carry out their biochemical reactions. Fresh water usually contains nutrients for all types of microorganisms, one of which, algae found commonly inlakes. Phosphorous and nitrates are the principal nutrient for algae. The study of algal diversity in freshwater is very useful to determine quality of water and nature of aquatic ecosystem. Amanikere lake inTumakuru city is one of the major lakes to receive residential sewage. Water samples were collected for thestudy of diversity of algae from June, 2017 to May, 2018. The algal samples were isolated and identifiedusing standard laboratory method of Clesceri et al., (1998). About 38 species of algae were found in randomly selected areas (1 to 6) of water samples of Amanikere lake. Some of the algae found to be in high in Amanikere lake like Cyanophyceae â Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Anabaena., Chlorophyceae â Spirogyra, CosmeriumandBacillariophyceae â Navicula, Diatoma, Fragellaria. The study carried out reveals a diversity of algae in the lake.
Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Waste Water Using Ionic Liquid Modified Aluminium Isopropoxide under Ultrasonic Irradiations
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Pathak Ashutosh , Kaur Bhupinder
Published: June 2022

In this paper, Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride modified Aluminiumisopropoxide researched asadsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from waste water through a novel and efficientadsorption process under ultrasonication. Ultrasonic irradiations remarkably boosted the adsorption ratecomparative to conventional shaking while maintaining the same adsorption capacity. In addition, theeffects of initial MB concentration, Adsorbent dosage, pH, reaction time and temperature on the adsorptionwere studied. It was found that the isotherm data had a good correlation with the Langmuir isothermthrough analysing the experimental data by various models. The results showed thatMethyltrioctylammonium chloride modified Aluminiumisopropoxide was four times effective for theadsorption of MB dye under ultrasonication.
COVID-19 Pandemic in India: First Wave v/s Second Wave
Authors: Rameshwari Rashmi , Kumar Verma Devendra , Aggarwal Meenu
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus is related to a group of RNA viruses, which is a deadly disease having a disastrous impactworldwide. On March 11, 2020, the unconventional coronavirus sickness (covid-19) became defined as avirulent disease by means of international fitness corporation WHO. This disorder is highly epizootic whencompared to influenza and such cluster outbreaks often arise. Lamentably, COVID-19 sufferers show signsand symptoms like common cold. Evaluating all the events during COVID to different respiratory illnesses,which includes influenza, SARS, and MERS, to check whether they are present otherwise, it is anticipatedthat, influenza starts off with cough, while corona virus-related disorder begins with fever. Although COVID- 19 varies from SARS as well as MERS in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms. COVID is the fastest growinghuman race fitness worldwide, not only socially but also economically. Among the major concerns of thecoronavirus epidemic were a significant decline in profit and transportation services, an increase in unemployment, and the closure of business sectors. In addition, central governments in the international arena have reduced the risk of the spread of COVID-19 and are generally responding to disasters in theircountries. Since the spread of this pandemic is unlikely to decrease in the near future, due to mutations in genome of virus. Hence preventive measures are essential to save lives and economic well-being from further spread to humans. Current work, which is based solely on available information and the available literature, discusses various factors that contribute to the consequences of COVID-19 in humans at specific age, social and economic levels during first wave and second wave.
Identification of diverse genotypes in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) based on RAPD markers analysis
Authors: Chauhan Chetan , Sirohi Ujjwal , Rakesh Sharma Aastha V. , Mohit Mr. , Chaudhary Veena , Singh Bijendra , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Molecular characterization of germplasm is rapid and most reliable method for genetic diversity and interrelationshipanalysis in crop. Assessment of genetic diversity in 30 brinjal genotypes was carried out withten Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of thirty RAPD markers were screenedout of which ten primers produced clear bands were finally selected for diversity analysis. Ten primersproduced a total of 20 bands with an average 2.0 bands per primer thus generated 100% polymorphism.RAPD primers showed variable bands and were in range of 01- 4 bands. Maximum bands 04 generated byPrimer-4 and minimum band 01 produced by Primer-2, Primer-3 and Primer-6. Heterozygosity variedfrom 0.00-0.48 while PIC was in the ranged from 0.37 to 0.49. The highest Polymorphic Information content(PIC) value (0.49) was observed for Primer -2 while lowest PIC value (0.37) was exhibited by Primer -1.Effective multiplex ratio was maximum (2.00) for the Primer-7 and minimum effective multiplex ratio(0.73) showed by Primer-10. Maximum discriminating power of marker (0.97) showed by Primer-8 whilePrimer-7 did not show any discriminating power of marker. Resolving power of markers varied in therange of 0.00 to 1.87 with an average of 0.820. Maximum resolving power of markers (1.87) noted withPrimer-4 while Primer-2 did not exhibit any resolving power of marker. Jaccardâs similarity between pairsof cultivars ranged between 0.35 and 0.95. Highest Jaccardâs genetic similarity was found between thegenotype of Pusa Bindu and JBH-3, Arka Nidhi and JBH-3, KKM-1B and RCMBL-1, DRNKV-02-104 and JB-69 and KKM-1B to Shyamal while the lowest Jaccardâs genetic similarity was observed between genotype of VR-11 and JB-18 and genotype BCB-464 and PB-67. The dendrogram generated through RAPD revealed 2 major clusters at Jaccardâs similarity coefficient (GS=0.59) which showed narrowed base of diversity among the germplasm. Molecular data produced by RAPD markers clearly indicates that genotypes like BR-11 and JB-18 and PB- 67 was found more divergent and can be used for further improvement programme.
Microbial pollution challenges for the Pharmaceutical Plants in Sikkim, India
Authors: Subba Asha , Pandey Manoranjan , Dolma Karma G. , Jha Sangeeta , Jha Ajeya
Published: June 2022

Quality is a predominant theme in pharmaceutical production. As the most important raw material used inpharmaceutical industry, water quality remains central to the efforts to build quality in final products.Sikkim, the latest hub of pharmaceutical industries, has water streams the main source of water for them.This study had been undertaken to ascertain the magnitude of pathogenic microbial pollution to whichPharmaceutical industries in Sikkim are exposed to, and the challenges this poses to their water purificationprocess. Our conclusions in this respect are that presence of pathogenic microbes in feed water topharmaceutical country is extremely high. While ranking the water purification process steps using riskpriority number, determined on the basis of expert opinion of quality assurance managers. Missing ofSodium Hypochlorite dosing emerged as the most critical step in this respect, followed by Pipe inducedmicrobial growth and malfunctioning Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane malfunctioning. Implications forthe quality professionals and regulatory authorities are that the extent of microbial pollution is extremelyhigh and that some steps in purification process are highly critical and validation process should take thisinto consideration.
Smoke Induced Seed Germination in Maize in Response to Self and Other Plants Biomass-derived Smoke
Authors: Mahendra Singh G. , Zhang Feng , Allen Schaefer Douglas , Goldberg Stefanie , Xu Jianchu
Published: June 2022

Fire ecology plays an important roles in germination and establishment of many plant taxa. Smoke inducedgermination and seedling vigor are well documented in many wild, crop, and weedy species. Karrikins(KAR) substances in smoke are reported to be responsible for these effects. However, only a few experimentshave been conducted on different plant-derived smoke effects on particular plant speciesâ seeds. This studywas conducted to investigate effects of self-derived and other plants biomass-derived smoke on germinationand post-germination processes in maize and its wild relative teosinte. Smoke derived from maize and alegume (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) foliage burning was exposed to maize variety Guidan 162and teosinte (Zeamexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze). Germination percentage in both maize and teosinte exposedto maize smoke was found to be significantly higher than unexposed and legume smoke exposure, howevergermination in legume smoke exposure was found to slightly higher than control but not significantly so.Shoot length in maize seeds exposed to maize smoke was highest and differed significantly compared tocontrol and legume smoke exposure, while control and legume smoke exposure showed approximatelythe same shoot lengths. Coleoptile and primary root lengths showed nosignificant variation among alltreatments. Similarly, seminal root length didnât show much variation but legume smoke exposure seedsfound to have the lowest seminal root length. Hence direct exposure to smoke without rinsing in watermay not positively affect the shoot and root length in maize. Further studies should address morphologicaltraits, transcriptome expression, and enzyme activity to clarify effects of self-derived and other plant-derived smoke on different plant species.
Determination of Aquifer Parameters by Using Aqtesolv-software
Authors: Dimple Ms. , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Bhakar Sita Ram , Kothari Mahesh , Yadav Kamal Kishore
Published: June 2022

Several aquifer properties regulate groundwater inflow/outflow to any area, and determination of propertieslike hydraulic conductivity (K), transmissibility and storativity (S) is essential to ascertain the sustainablewell yield. In situ estimation of these properties/parameters is accomplished by conducting pumpingtests. Aquifer parameter tests deliver vital information to resolve regional and local groundwater flowconcerns. In both the confined and unconfined aquifers, there are numerous methods for the determinationof aquifer parameters. In the present research, ten pumping tests were conducted at different geologiclocations in the hardrock region-dominated watershed to estimate aquifer properties. Method âPapadopulos-Cooper (P)â was considered a reference, and âAQTESOLV (Aquifer Test SOLver)â software methods whichinclude (Theis method, Cooper and Jacob (C) method, Neuman (N) method and Tartakovsky-Neuman (T)method) were utilized for the estimation of aquifer properties. Results revealed that T values calculatedusing the P-C method varied from 105.1 square meters per day to 322 square meters per day. However, Tvalues estimated employing AQTESOLV ranged from 122 to 300 square meters per day. All approachesusing the software gave T values that were found to be strongly correlated with the P-C method (Curvematching technique).
Molecular characterization of virus species causing yellow mosaic disease of redgram in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Chaithanya B.H. , Reddy B.V. Bhaskara , Prasanthi L. , Devi R. Sarada Jayalakshmi
Published: June 2022

Redgram is animportant drought tolerant leguminous crop in the semi-arid subtropics. Many fungal, bacterialand viral diseases are major constraints for redgram production, apart from all these diseases, yellowmosaic disease (YMD) is observed in redgram crop in few localities of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradeshduring 2017. The present study was aimed to find out associated begomo virus species causing YMD inredgram.The total genomic DNA was isolated from YMV infected redgram leaves by modified CTAB method.The rolling circle amplification based full length clones were constructed in pUC18 vector. The two constructed clones (DNA-A and DNA-B) were confirmed by using gene specific primers and weresequenced.The coat protein gene andcomplete nucleotide sequence analysis was carried out with the knownbegomoviruses sequences obtained from Genbank database.The phylogenetic analysis of coat protein geneof YMV-AP-Red gram isolate shared 94.3-98.1% nucleotide identity with HgYMV isolates, followed byMYMV (81.2-85.2%), MYMIV (78.1-80.2%) and DoYMV(72.2-74%). Hence it was confirmed that viral speciescausing YMD in redgram from Tirupati, AndhraPradesh is a Horsegram yellow mosaic virus and it is avariant of HgYMV as it shared>94% similarity with other HgYMV isolates at nucleotide level.
Evaluation of efficacy of colloidal silver particles against late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans L.)
Authors: Shantamma Ms. , Rangaswamy K.T. , Prakash N. B. , Achari Raghavendra
Published: June 2022

Colloidal silver was synthesized by the âbottom upâ approach of wet chemical method and analyzed bylaser Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The colloidal silver solution synthesized was having a particle sizewith a mean diameter of 149.4 nm. Tested the efficacy of synthesized colloidal silver particles under in vitroconditions (10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm,100 ppm 250 ppm and 500 ppm) against Phytophthora infestans. Amongthe different concentrations maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded at higher concentrations(250 ppm and 500 ppm). To know the further effectiveness of higher concentrations of colloidal silverparticles were tested alone (250 ppm and 500 ppm) and in combination with fungicides (Cymoxanil 8 % +mancozeb 64 % WP@ 0.2 % and Dimethomorph @ 0.2%) under field conditions. The spray solutions ofcolloidal silver at 500 ppm recorded significantly less late blight disease severity at 90 days after sowing(DAS) (42.22 PDI) when compared to @ 250 ppm (60.74 PDI) and untreated plants (75.56 PDI). The foliarapplication of colloidal silver @ 500 ppm is found on par with Cymoxanil 8 % + mancozeb 64 % WP@ 0.2% whereas superior over Dimethomorph 50% WP @ 0.2%. Further, colloidal silver both @ 250 ppm and 500ppm when used in combination with fungicides could not significantly complemented the efficacy offungicides viz., Cymoxanil 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP @ 0.2 % and Dimethomorph 50% WP @ 0.2% inreducing the late blight disease severity at 90 DAS, but recorded significantly less disease severity thanuntreated control plants. Examined the biochemical response of plant defense mechanism pertaining todefense related enzymesin treated and untreated plants. The increased activity of peroxidase (PO) (1.5mg/g), polyphenol oxidases (PPO) (0.01 mg/g) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase PAL (1.5 mg/g) wasobserved in late blight infected potato plants treated with colloidal silver particles @ 500ppm and incombination of 0.2 per cent of Cymoxanil 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP fungicide.