bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior colliculus peri-saccadic field potentials are dominated by a visual sensory preference for the upper visual field
Authors: Hafed Ziad M.
Published: October 2024

The primate superior colliculus (SC) plays important sensory, cognitive, and motor processing roles. Among its properties, the SC has clear visual field asymmetries: visual responses are stronger in the upper visual field representation, whereas saccade-related motor bursts are weaker. Here, I asked whether peri-saccadic SC network activity can still reflect the SC’s visual sensitivity asymmetry, thus supporting recent evidence of sensory-related signals embedded within the SC’s motor bursts. I analyzed collicular peri-saccadic local field potential (LFP) modulations and found them to be much stronger in the upper visual field, despite the weaker motor bursts. This effect persisted even with saccades towards a blank, suggesting an importance of visual field location. I also found that engaging working memory during saccade preparation differentially modulated the SC’s LFP’s, again with a dichotomous upper/lower visual field asymmetry. I conclude that the SC network possesses a clear sensory signal at the time of saccade generation.
Astrocyte transcriptomic analysis identifies glypican 5 downregulation as a contributor to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease models
Authors: Salas Isabel H. , Paumier Adrien , Tao Tao , Derevyanko Aksinya , Switzler Corey , Burgado Jillybeth , Movsesian Melia , Metanat Setareh , Dawoodtabar Trinity , Asbell Quinn , Fassihi Arash , Allen Nicola J.
Published: October 2024

Synaptic dysfunction is an early feature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline. Astrocytes are essential regulators of synapses, impacting synapse formation, maturation, elimination and function. To understand if synapse-supportive functions of astrocytes are altered in AD, we used astrocyte BacTRAP mice to generate a comprehensive dataset of hippocampal astrocyte transcriptional alterations in two mouse models of Alzheimer’s pathology (APPswe/PS1dE9 and Tau P301S), characterizing sex and age-dependent changes. We found that astrocytes from both models downregulate genes important for synapse regulation and function such as the synapse-maturation factor Glypican 5. This transcriptional signature is shared with human post-mortem AD patients. Manipulating a key component of this signature byin vivooverexpression of Glypican 5 in astrocytes is sufficient to prevent early synaptic dysfunction and improve spatial learning in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. These findings open new avenues to target astrocytic factors to mitigate AD synaptic dysfunction.
Elevated temperature during rearing diminishes swimming and disturbs the metabolism of yellow perch larvae
Authors: Easwaramoorthy Mellissa , Thompson William Andrew , Fraz Shamaila , Nederveen Joshua , Hartenstein Peyton , Laframboise Lisa , Manzon Richard G. , Somers Christopher M. , Wilson Joanna Y.
Published: October 2024

Temperate waters, such as the Great Lakes, are predicted to increase by 1°C every decade. Poikilothermic fish thermoregulate behaviourally, moving to more suitable thermal environments. Embryos are incapable of locomotion and may be exposed to non-optimal temperatures during development. Increased temperature alters the normal development of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens),however, whether altered incubation temperature influences the development of metabolism and function in these fish remains unknown. We hypothesized that increased embryonic incubation temperature would disturb cardiac and metabolic function and the behaviour of yellow perch larvae. We reared yellow perch embryos at 12°C, 15°C, or 18°C until hatching; after hatching, the temperature was raised to a common garden 18°C, their preferred post-hatch temperature. We assessed exploratory behaviour, metabolism (oxygen consumption), and cardiac performance throughout early development. At hatch, 12°C fish exhibited the greatest swimming activity, with 18°C fish consuming the least oxygen and possibly experiencing mitochondrial dysfunction. Cardiac development was more advanced at hatch in 18°C fish. Yet, warmer incubated fish had diminished movement and increased oxygen consumption at 20 days post-hatch, demonstrating long-term disruptions of increased temperature in the embryonic environment. Overall, elevations in rearing temperature may cause metabolic dysfunction and behavioural alterations, potentially impacting the survival of yellow perch.
CFC-seq: identification of full-length capped RNAs unveil enhancer-derived transcription
Authors: Yip Chi Wai , Parr Callum , Takahashi Hazuki , Yasuzawa Kayoko , Valentine Matthew , Nishiyori-Sueki Hiromi , Ugolini Camilla , Ranzani Valeria , Murata Mitsuyoshi , Kato Masaki , Kang Wenjing , Yip Wing Hin , Shibayama Youtaro , Sim Andre Darah , Chen Ying , Shu Xufeng , Moody Jonathan , Umarov Ramzan , Chang Jen-Chien , Pandolfini Luca , Kawashima Tsugumi , Tagami Michihira , Nobusada Tomoe , Kouno Tsukasa , Gonzale Carlos Alfonso , Albanese Roberto , Dossena Francesco , Haberman Nejc , Ozaki Kokoro , Kasukawa Takeya , Lenhard Boris , Frith Martin , Bodega Beatrice , Nicassio Francesco , Calviello Lorenzo , Bienko Magda , Legnini Ivano , Hilgers Valérie , Gustincich Stefano , Göke Jonathan , Lecellier Charles-Henri , Shin Jay W. , Hon Chung-Chau , Carninci Piero
Published: October 2024

Long-read sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool for uncovering novel transcripts and genes. However, existing protocols often lack confidence in identifying the transcription start site (TSS) and fail to capture non-poly(A) RNA, thereby limiting the discovery of novel genes, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, we introduce Cap-trap full-length cDNA sequencing (CFC-seq), a comprehensive protocol that combines Cap-trapping and poly(A)-tailing with Oxford Nanopore sequencing. This protocol enables precise identification of TSSs and full-length transcripts. Applying CFC-seq to twoin vitrodifferentiation time courses resulted in approximately 236 million mappable reads. The transcript Start-site Aware Long-read Assembler (SALA) was developed forde novoassembling the transcript models, leading to the identification of 39,425 confident novel genes. Using this dataset, enhancer-derived ncRNAs were re-defined with longer length and more splicing activity, which were correlated with enhancer structure. Compared to enhancers with CpG islands, TATA box enhancers were shown to be more cell type specific with fewer chromatin interaction but produced longer and more stable polyadenylated RNA. A significant proportion of these TATA box-derived eRNAs originated from LTR transposable elements. Overall, this study systematically annotated ∼24,000 novel eRNA genes and correlated their transcription properties with enhancer structure.

Highlights

From 236 million long-reads, CFC-seq identified 39,425 novel genes with genuine TSS support. These include ∼24,000 eRNA genes.

SALA, a long-read assembler, was developed to facilitate genuine TSS incorporation.

Compared to TATA box enhancers, CGI enhancers are more ubiquitous, enriched with repressive histone mark, with more chromatin connection and are enriched in 2D and super enhancer.

eRNAs derived from TATA box are longer, more stable, frequently spliced with high splicing efficiency, frequently polyadenylated, and are enriched with LTR retrotransposons.

The 3’end of non-poly(A) eRNA reveal the cleavage position depleted of secondary structure.
Lipid Disbalance Affects Neuronal Dendrite Growth and Maintenance in a Human Ceramide Synthase Disease Model
Authors: Ziegler Anna B , Wesselmann Cedrik , Beckschäfer Konstantin , Wulf Anna-Lena , Dhiman Neena , Soba Peter , Thiele Christoph , Bauer Reinhard , Tavosanis Gaia
Published: October 2024

The brain is susceptible to disturbances in lipid metabolism. Among the rare, genetically-linked epilepsies Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8 (PME8), associated with the loss of Ceramide Synthase (CerS) activity, causes epileptic symptoms accompanied by neurodegenerative traits. We show that expression of a disease-causing cerSallele inDrosophilasensory neurons yielded developmental and degenerative dendrite loss. IncerSmutants, C18-C24 ceramides and membrane-forming complex sphingolipids, into which ceramides are converted, were reduced. At the same time bioactive signaling lipids including (dh)Sphingosine-1-P, deriving from the CerS substrate, were increased. To clarifying the etiology of PME8, we thus performedin vivoexperiments to cell-autonomously rescue the individual metabolic alterations. We report that restoring specific long-chain ceramides while in parallel decreasing (dh)Sphingosine-1-P fully rescues thecerSmutant phenotype. Thus, despite the complex metabolic alterations, our data provide essential information about the metabolic origin of PME8 and delineate a potential therapy.
Relativistic diffusion model for hadron production in
p
-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Schulz Philipp , Wolschin Georg
Published: October 2024

We investigate charged-hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions of asymmetric systems within a nonequilibrium-statistical framework. Calculated centrality-dependent pseudorapidity distributions for p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 and 8.16 TeV are compared with data from the Large Hadron Collider. Our approach combines a relativistic diffusion model with formulations based on quantum chromodynamics while utilizing numerical solutions of a Fokker-Planck equation to account for the shift and broadening of the fragmentation sources for particle-production with respect to the stopping (net-baryon) rapidity distributions. To represent the centrality dependence of charged-hadron production in asymmetric systems over a broad region of pseudorapidities, the consideration and precise modeling of the fragmentation sources, along with the central gluon-gluon source, is found to be essential. Specifically, this results in an inversion of the particle-production amplitude from backward to forward dominance when transitioning from central to peripheral collisions, in agreement with recent ATLAS and ALICE p-Pb data at sNN=5.02TeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Orbits of particles with magnetic dipole moment around magnetized Schwarzschild black holes: Applications to the S2 star orbit
Authors: Uktamov Uktamjon , Fathi Mohsen , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon
Published: October 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analytical investigation of the bound and unbound motion of magnetized particles orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in an external asymptotically uniform magnetic field, which includes all conceivable types of bounded and unbounded orbits. In particular, for planetary orbits, we perform a comparative analysis of our findings with the observed position of the S2 star carrying magnetic dipole moment around Sagittarius A*. We found maximum and minimum values for the parameter of magnetic interaction between the magnetic dipole of the star and the external magnetic field, as well as the energy and angular momentum of the S2 star. As a result, we obtain estimations of the magnetic dipole of the star in the order of 106  G·cm3. Additionally, we explore deflecting trajectories akin to gravitational Rutherford scattering. In obtaining the solutions for the orbital equations, we articulate the elliptic integrals and Jacobi elliptic functions, and illustrative figures and simulations augment our study.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Qudit stabilizer codes, CFTs, and topological surfaces
Authors: Buican Matthew , Radhakrishnan Rajath
Published: October 2024

We study general maps from the space of rational conformal field theories (CFTs) with a fixed chiral algebra and associated Chern-Simons (CS) theories to the space of qudit stabilizer codes with a fixed generalized Pauli group. We consider certain natural constraints on such a map and show that the map can be described as a graph homomorphism from an orbifold graph, which captures the orbifold structure of CFTs, to a code graph, which captures the structure of self-dual stabilizer codes. By studying explicit examples, we show that this graph homomorphism cannot always be a graph embedding. However, we construct a physically motivated map from universal orbifold subgraphs of CFTs to operators in a generalized Pauli group. We show that this map results in a self-dual stabilizer code if and only if the surface operators in the bulk CS theories corresponding to the CFTs in question are self-dual. For CFTs admitting a stabilizer code description, we show that the full Abelianized generalized Pauli group can be obtained from twisted sectors of certain 0-form symmetries of the CFT. Finally, we connect our construction with SymTFTs, and we argue that many equivalences between codes that arise in our setup correspond to equivalence classes of bulk topological surfaces under fusion with invertible surfaces.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Commutator technique for the heat kernel of minimal higher derivative operators
Authors: Barvinsky A. O. , Kurov A. V. , Wachowski W.
Published: October 2024

We suggest a new technique of the asymptotic heat kernel expansion for minimal higher derivative operators of a generic 2Mth order, F(∇)=(−□)M+⋯, in the background field formalism of gauge theories and quantum gravity. This technique represents the conversion of the recently suggested Fourier integral method of generalized exponential functions [A. O. Barvinsky and W. Wachowski, Heat kernel expansion for higher order minimal and nonminimal operators, ] into the commutator algebra of special differential operators, which allows one to express expansion coefficients for F(∇) in terms of the Schwinger-DeWitt coefficients of a minimal second-order operator H(∇). This procedure is based on special functorial properties of the formalism including the Mellin-Barnes representation of the complex operator power HM(∇) and naturally leads to the origin of generalized exponential functions without directly appealing to the Fourier integral method. The algorithm is essentially more straightforward than the Fourier method and consists of three steps ready for a computer codification by symbolic manipulation programs. They begin with the decomposition of the operator into a power of some minimal second-order operator H(∇) and its lower derivative perturbation part W(∇), F(∇)=HM(∇)+W(∇), followed by considering their multiple nested commutators. The second step is the construction of special local differential operators—the perturbation theory in powers of the lower derivative part W(∇). The final step is the so-called procedure of their “Syngification,” consisting of a special modification of the covariant derivative monomials in these operators by the Synge world function σ(x,x′) with their subsequent action on the Hadamard-Minakshisundaram-DeWitt coefficients of H(∇).

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure and compressibility of magnesium chloride heptahydrate found under high pressure
Authors: Yamashita Keishiro , Komatsu Kazuki , Hattori Takanori , Machida Shinichi , Kagi Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

The odd hydration number has so far been missing in the water-rich magnesium chloride hydrate series (MgCl2·nH2O). In this study, magnesium chloride heptahydrate, MgCl2·7H2O (or MgCl2·7D2O), which forms at high pressures above 2 GPa and high temperatures above 300 K, has been identified. Its structure has been determined by a combination of in-situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 2.5 GPa and 298 K and powder neutron diffraction at 3.1 GPa and 300 K. The single-crystal specimen was grown by mixing alcohols to prevent nucleation of undesired crystalline phases. The results show orientational disorder of water molecules, which was also examined using density functional theory calculations. The disorder involves the reconnection of hydrogen bonds, which differs from those in water ice phases and known disordered salt hydrates. Shrinkage by compression occurs mainly in one direction. In the plane perpendicular to this most compressible direction, oxygen and chlorine atoms are in a hexagonal-like arrangement.
Antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of dairy kefir beverages
Authors: Aguirre‐Ramírez Diego , Abad Inés , Pinilla Emma , Pérez María D. , Grasa Laura , Sánchez Lourdes
Published: October 2024

Kefir traditionally is based on pasteurised milk and the use of other substrates is unusual. Kefir beverages made with raw milk (RMK), pasteurised milk (PMK) or whey (WK), were obtained and fractionated in microbial cells and supernatants. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of fractions against Cronobacter sakazakii and Escherichia coli were analysed. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained for PMK with values between 8500 and 10 000 μm TE/mg. Microbial extracts from RMK and PMK showed a reduction of C. sakazakii of 7 log units; while microbial extracts and supernatants from RMK decreased E. coli in 3 and 5 log units, respectively. These results indicate that dairy kefir beverages can be an excellent source of defensive agents to fight against bacteria that cause gastrointestinal disorders.
Experience, knowledge, practices and attitudes of emergency department medical staff regarding teledermatology
Authors: Walter Sophie , Chiew Angela L , Martin Linda K
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The present study aimed to assess self‐reported experience, knowledge, practices and attitudes of ED medical staff regarding teledermatology.

Methods

Online questionnaire of ED medical staff at Prince of Wales Hospital (Sydney, Australia).

Results

Seventy‐nine staff completed the questionnaire. Photographic technique and compliance with medicolegal policies were variable: 1% obtained written consent and 45.6% documented verbal consent for photography. 54.4% of respondents had concerns about the quality of their photographs.

Conclusions

Skin photography image quality, knowledge and adherence to medicolegal policy were poor among ED medical staff. Education could reduce risk and improve outcomes.
Links between adolescent binge drinking and midlife alcohol use behaviors by age, sex, and race/ethnicity
Authors: Patrick Megan E. , Peterson Sarah J. , Pang Yuk C. , Terry‐McElrath Yvonne M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Alcohol use is increasing among adults in midlife (i.e., ages 35–60), but few studies examine specific alcohol use behaviors in this age group. We examined measures of typical drinks, maximum drinks, binge drinking, and high‐intensity drinking by age, sex, and race/ethnicity among midlife adults, as well as the prospective association between age 18 binge drinking and midlife behaviors.

Methods

Data from 5180 respondents participating in the national Monitoring the Future Panel study who were aged 35–60 in 2022 (followed since they were in 12th grade in 1980–2005) were used to estimate past 30‐day midlife drinking behaviors (i.e., typical drinks, maximum drinks, binge, and high‐intensity drinking) by age group, sex, and race/ethnicity. Associations between age 18 binge drinking status and midlife drinking outcomes were examined, as well as moderation by sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Across ages 35–60, the mean typical number of drinks on drinking days within the past month ranged from 1.4 to 1.8; the mean maximum drinks ranged from 2.3 to 3.2. Past‐month binge and high‐intensity drinking prevalence ranged from 19.1% to 31.2% and 3.6% to 8.1%, respectively. Estimates of drinking behaviors were generally higher among respondents aged 35–40 (vs. older age groups), males (vs. females), those identifying as White (vs. other racial/ethnic groups), and those who reported age 18 binge drinking (vs. not). Adolescent binge drinking was a stronger predictor of high‐intensity drinking among females than males and of typical and maximum drinks among older (age 60) than younger (age 35) respondents.

Conclusion

Binge and high‐intensity drinking were reported by a meaningful percentage of the US midlife adults. Binge drinking in adolescence was a predictor of subsequent alcohol‐related risks. These long‐term connections were especially strong among females. Age 18 binge drinking was a stronger predictor of high‐intensity drinking at age 60 than earlier in midlife, underscoring that adolescent binge drinking is a key indicator of risk across the lifespan.
Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) Salivary Glands Morphology
Authors: Donoso Flavia María Pía Montenegro , Cristofoli Marilú , Lobão Daniel Vitor Matos , Nunes Fernanda Batistella Passos , Jorge Fabiana Morse Gosson , de Oliveira Alcobaça Mayla Magalhães , de Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias , de Assis Neto Antônio Chaves
Published: October 2024

Morphological studies concerning salivary glands have emerged as an exciting tool to understand feeding habits. In this sense, this study aimed to describe capybara salivary glands morphology to understand potential morphological associations to this species feeding habits. Macroscopic dissections and microscopic analyses were performed on eight specimens. The findings indicate that capybaras have three pairs of major (parotid, mandibular and sublingual) and two pairs of minors (dorsal and ventral buccal) salivary glands. The parotid gland, the largest, is irregularly shaped, forming small macroscopic lobes. The mandibular gland is rounded and found syntopically alongside the mandible angle and arranged medially to the ventral projection of the parotid gland. The sublingual gland is a compact elongated and semicircular mass. The dorsal and ventral buccal glands are located in the buccal portion of the buccinator muscle. Histologically, the parotid and mandibular glands are composed of serous acini, while the sublingual and buccal (dorsal and ventral) glands consist of mucous tubules containing serous demi‐lunes at their periphery. Capybara salivary glands reveal morphological associations with a predominantly herbivorous diet. The parotid gland, for example, notably developed in size and volume, suggests a specialisation for increased saliva production, necessary for chewing, forming the food bolus, swallowing fibrous foods, and protecting the oral cavity ecosystem.
Lymphoma in two wild tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) in Victoria
Authors: Adriaanse KJ , Holz PH , Peacock L , Martin A , Curnick M , Stent A
Published: October 2024

Lymphoma was diagnosed in two wild tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) presented to the Australian Wildlife Health Centre, Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria. The first case presented with extensive feather loss refractory to treatment. Bacterial and fungal folliculitis and beak and feather disease virus were excluded as primary causes, and the bird was euthanised due to poor response to treatment. Histopathological examination of the skin showed an extensive infiltrate of pleomorphic mononuclear leucocytes, suggestive of cutaneous lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed >95% of these cells were CD3 positive, consistent with T cell lymphoma. The second case presented debilitated and in poor body condition and was euthanised due to poor prognosis. Histopathological examination revealed extensive infiltrates of pleomorphic mononuclear leucocytes in multiple tissues, suggestive of disseminated lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed 70%–80% of these leucocytes were Pax5 positive, consistent with a B cell lymphoma. To the authors' knowledge these cases constitute the first report of malignant neoplasms in members of the Order Caprimulgiformes. Cutaneous lymphoma should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for severe feather loss in tawny frogmouths and other avian species, when other more common causes have been ruled out. Similarly, disseminated lymphoma is a differential diagnosis worthy of consideration in cases of systemic debilitation in tawny frogmouths.
Impact of HbE mutation on the clinical severity of HbH disease: A multicentre study from Thailand
Authors: Songdej Duantida , Teawtrakul Nattiya , Laoaroon Napat , Komvilaisak Patcharee , Sripornsawan Pornpun , Surapolchai Pacharapan , Hantaweepant Chattree , Tantiworawit Adisak , Hantrakool Sasinee , Lauhasurayotin Supanun , Torcharus Kitti , Sutcharitchan Pranee , Uaprasert Noppacharn , Panrong Krissana , Silpsamrit Panachai , Meekaewkunchorn Arunotai , Charoenkwan Pimlak , Pongtanakul Bunchoo ,   Red Blood Cell Disorders Study Group
Published: October 2024

Haemoglobin (Hb) H disease and HbH disease with co‐inherited HbE mutation are the most prevalent forms of α‐thalassaemia in Southeast Asia. Data were limited when comparing clinical phenotypes between these two patient groups. We conducted a Thai multicentre study and enrolled 588 patients [median (IQR) age 13.0 (6.7–20.3) years], including those with deletional HbH disease with (n = 47) and without (n = 187) co‐inherited HbE mutation and non‐deletional HbH disease with (n = 101) and without (n = 253) co‐inherited HbE mutation. Patients with HbH disease with co‐inherited HbE mutation suffered more severe manifestations than those without. This observation was more pronounced in patients with non‐deletional HbH disease. A greater proportion of patients with non‐deletional HbH disease with co‐inherited HbE mutation (43.6%) eventually required regular transfusions compared to those without (30.4%, p = 0.019). Among those with non‐deletional HbH disease who did not require regular transfusions, Hb levels were lower in patients with co‐inherited HbE mutation [8.1 (7.2–8.6) vs. 8.8 (8.2–9.5) g/dL, p < 0.001]. Among patients requiring regular transfusions who underwent splenectomy, 11/12 patients with non‐deletional HbH disease stopped transfusion compared with 1/3 in non‐deletional HbH disease with co‐inherited HbE mutation group (p = 0.024). These findings provide insights for the clinical monitoring and management of HbH disease in the region.
Crotonylation of MCM6 enhances chemotherapeutics sensitivity of breast cancer via inducing DNA replication stress
Authors: Song Haoyun , Guo Zhao , Xie Kun , Liu Xiangwen , Yang Xuguang , Shen Rong , Wang Degui
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality, which are closely influenced by protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) serves as a newly identified PTM type that plays a role in various biological processes; however, its involvement in breast cancer progression remains unclear. Minichromosome maintenance 6 (MCM6) is a critical component of DNA replication and has been previous confirmed to exhibit a significant role in tumorigenesis. Despite this, a comprehensive analysis of MCM6, particularly regarding its modifications in breast cancer is lacking. In this study, we found MCM6 is upregulated in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) and is associated with poorer overall survival by regulating the DNA damage repair mechanisms. Furthermore, MCM6‐knockdown resulted in decreased cell proliferation and inhibited the DNA replication, leading to DNA replication stress and sustained DNA damage, thereby enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of breast cancer. Additionally, SIRT7‐mediated crotonylation of MCM6 at K599 (MCM6‐K599cr) was significantly upregulated in response to DNA replication stress, primarily due to the disassemebly of the MCM2‐7 complex and regulated by RNF8‐mediated ubiquitination. Concurrently, kaempferol, which acts as a regulator of SIRT7, was found to enhance the Kcr level of MCM6, reducing tumour weight, particular when combined with paclitaxel, highlighting its potential chemotherapeutic target for BRCA therapy.
Parental Engagement in Early Childhood Education: The Case of Debre Tabor Schools, Ethiopia
Authors: Wondim Mebrat Gedfie
Published: October 2024

Parental engagement (PE) in early childhood education refers to the different ways parents get involved to help children's learning. Drawing on Ecological Systems and Social Capital as theoretical frameworks, this research explored parents' engagement experiences in early childhood education in primary schools in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed in this study. Through purposive sampling, 12 key informants, such as parents, school principals and teachers, were chosen from five primary schools for in‐depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from interviews focusing on four dimensions of PE: communication, learning at home, collaborative partnership and creating a nurturing environment. Results showed that parents excelled in creating a nurturing home environment to support their children's education. However, the study revealed low engagement from parents in communication, collaborative partnership and learning at home activities. It highlighted that parents' engagement in working with others to help the education of their children was not motivating. Lastly, the study also identified the reasons behind parents' low engagement in early childhood education, many of which are associated with parent‐related, and school‐related. Generally, the research indicated parents had limited engagement in their child's pre‐school education.
Adopting Digital Tools in Higher Education: Opportunities, Challenges and Theoretical Insights
Authors: Mexhuani Burim
Published: October 2024

The digital transformation of higher education, driven by technological advancements and evolving societal needs, presents both significant opportunities and critical challenges. This study integrates the technology acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovations (DOI), comprehensive literature review, in‐depth case studies and empirical survey data to explore these dynamics. The findings reveal the potential of digital technologies—such as online platforms, adaptive learning tools and immersive technologies—to expand access, personalise learning and foster collaboration. However, the research also identifies major barriers, including the digital divide, faculty resistance and data privacy concerns. By combining qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative statistical analysis, this study underscores the importance of strategic planning, inclusive policies and ongoing professional development in maximising the benefits of digital education. The paper contributes to the field by offering actionable insights, theoretical implications and practical recommendations for institutions to implement adaptive pedagogical strategies, ensure equitable access to technology and build robust, secure digital learning environments.
Long‐term cognitive outcomes after decompressive hemicraniectomy for right‐hemisphere large middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke
Authors: Scopelliti Giuseppe , Henon Hilde , Masheka‐Cishesa Olivier , Labreuche Julien , Kuchcinski Gregory , Aboukais Rabih , Cordonnier Charlotte , Casolla Barbara
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) improves survival and functional outcome in large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts. However, long‐term cognitive outcomes after DH remain underexplored. In a cohort of patients with large right‐hemisphere MCA infarction undergoing DH, we assessed the rates of long‐term cognitive impairment over 3‐year follow‐up.

Methods

We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients included in the Lille Decompressive Surgery Database (May 2005–April 2022) undergoing DH according to existing guidelines for large hemisphere MCA infarction. We included patients with right‐sided stroke and screened with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in at least one of the prespecified follow‐ups (3‐month, 1‐year, 3‐year). Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE score < 24. We included only right‐hemisphere strokes to avoid testing biases related to severe aphasia. We compared clinical and neuroimaging data in patients with and without cognitive impairment.

Results

Three hundred four patients underwent DH during the study period. Among 3‐month survivors, 95 had a right‐hemisphere stroke and underwent at least one cognitive screening (median age = 51 years, 56.8% men). Forty‐four patients (46.3%) exhibited cognitive impairment at least once during the 3‐year follow‐up. Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between patients with and without cognitive impairment. Regarding long‐term temporal trends, cognitive impairment was observed in 23 of 76 (30.3%), 25 of 80 (31.3%), and 19 of 66 (28.8%) patients at 3‐month, 1‐year, and 3‐year follow‐up, respectively, and it was associated with higher rates of functional disability (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The persistently high rates of cognitive impairment after DH highlight the importance of cognitive monitoring to improve the long‐term management of survivors.
Efficient and Compressed Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumour Classification With Explainable AI for Smart Healthcare and Information Communication Systems
Authors: Singh Amar , Shrivastava Rajesh Kumar , Srivastava Ashutosh
Published: October 2024

The detection of brain tumours presents a significant challenge in the medical domain, where prompt and precise diagnosis is crucial as patient outcomes depend on it. Conventional deep neural networks perform well in carrying out various imaging tasks within the healthcare sector; however, their effectiveness often falls short of expectations in practical applications due to the substantial computational resources required and issues with reliability. In this research, an optimised and effective deep learning model founded on the DenseNet‐169 architecture is introduced for the classification of magnetic resonance imaging brain tumours, which is particularly advantageous for smart healthcare systems and information and communication technology (ICT) settings with limited computational capabilities. The model compression methodologies, including pruning and quantization, have been employed to significantly diminish the dimensions and intricacy of the model while achieving a classification accuracy of 97.07%. Furthermore, this endeavour necessitates the enhancement of the model's interpretability through the utilisation of explainable artificial intelligence methodologies such as Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad‐CAM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which will aid clinicians in highlighting crucial areas of the images and validating feature importance concerning the decisions rendered by the model. A comparative performance evaluation is conducted against DenseNet‐169, ResNet‐50 and various other models to delineate the superior efficacy of our model, rendering it exceptionally adept for knowledge‐driven, real‐time brain tumour diagnosis within smart healthcare and ICT systems where resources are constrained.
Mandibular third molar coronectomy in older adults and its effects on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Simons Rashida N. , Lindeboom Jerome A. , Tuk Jacco G. , de Lange Jan
Published: October 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coronectomy on postoperative quality of life in older adults.

Background

Coronectomy is an alternative to complete surgical removal of a mandibular third molar that lies close to the inferior alveolar nerve.

Materials and Methods

This prospective study included patients >60 years old who had an indication for coronectomy of a mandibular third molar. Patients were asked to complete the Dutch version of the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) daily during the first postoperative week. Postoperative pain, swelling, limited mouth opening, chewing ability and infection were also recorded. Furthermore, the effect of the impaction pattern, state of eruption, presence of preoperative pathology, patient health status according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, gender, smoking on the postoperative OHIP‐14 and pain scores were investigated.

Results

Thirty patients (16 males, 14 females) with a mean age of 71.2 (SD 8.3, range 60–91) years were included in the study. OHIP‐14 and pain scores were highest on the first postoperative day and gradually declined during the first postoperative week. Patients who underwent coronectomy of a fully impacted mandibular third molar had significantly higher OHIP‐14 scores on the first postoperative day than those who underwent coronectomy on a (partially) erupted mandibular third molar. We did not observe any postoperative complications up to 1 year after the surgery.

Conclusion

Mandibular third molar coronectomy seems to present a valid treatment option in older adults.
Evaluation of breast‐specific marker expression in metastatic breast cancers: Correlation with subtype switch
Authors: Chan Ronald , Leung Howard , Li Joshua , Poon Ivan , Tsang Julia Y , Ko Chun‐Wai , Wong Ngou‐Men , Tse Gary M
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study evaluates the utility of breast specific markers in identifying breast cancer subtypes within metastatic settings. The subtype alteration in metastatic disease and its consequent impact on breast‐specific marker expression is also examined.

Materials and methods

GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA3), mammaglobin (MMG), transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRSP1) and SRY‐box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) expression were assessed in a large cohort of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cases and correlated with the characteristics of both MBC and primary breast cancer (PBC).

Results

GATA3 was the most sensitive in MBC (83.1%), followed by TRPS1 (77.0%), MMG (58.5%) and SOX10 (7.1%). This trend was consistent in hormonal receptor (HR)+ and HR− MBC. Combining GATA3/TRPS1 yielded the highest detection rates in the overall cohort (90.1%) and HR+ MBC (97.1%), while TRSP1/MMG was most effective in HR− (76.2%) and TN (71.1%) MBC. Marker expression did not correlate with metastatic site, except SOX10 in lung metastases (P = 0.031). Subtype discordance between MBC and PBC occurred in 43 cases (24.4%), with GATA3 expression in HR− MBC significantly linked to subtype discordance (P = 0.005). Conversely, SOX10 expression was significantly associated with subtype concordance in HR− and TNBC (P ≤ 0.003). Despite a higher expression of GATA3 in all HR− cases, TRSP1 outperformed GATA3 in detecting concordant HR− cases (64.0% versus 38.5%). TRPS1 and SOX10 were expressed in more than 50% of concordant TNBC cases.

Conclusions

The expression of breast‐specific markers is mainly determined by the PBC subtype. GATA3 retains high sensitivity in HR+ cancers, even after HR loss during metastasis. TRPS1 and SOX10 are identified as valuable markers in TNBC metastasis.
Dentinal Tubule Occlusion and Dentin Permeability Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride Solutions
Authors: El‐Damanhoury Hatem M. , Rahman Betul , Sheela Soumya , Ngo Hien C.
Published: October 2024

Aim

This in vitro study compared the effect of two commercially available silver diamine fluoride (SDF) products on dentinal tubule (DT) occlusion and dentin permeability.

Methods

Sixty‐six dentin discs (1.0 mm thick) were divided equally into six groups: acid‐etched with no treatment (negative control—NC), etched and sealed with nail varnish (positive control—PC), non‐etched and treated with Advantage Arrest (AA), non‐etched and treated with Topamine (TP), etched and treated with AA, and etched and treated with TP. Eight specimens from each group were tested for permeability using the dye percolation method. The remaining three samples from each group were assessed for dentinal tubule occlusion, depth of SDF penetration, and elemental analysis using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX) system. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the results.

Results

TP exhibited lower (p < 0.05) dye percolation compared to AA. While both SDF materials showed a statistically similar (p > 0.05) penetration depth in the DT, none of them had the ability to completely occlude all the DTs. AA exhibited more silver and fluoride ion deposition on etched dentin than TP, and both materials showed a similar increase in the deposition of Ca and P compared to NC.

Conclusions

Whereas the effectiveness of dentin tubule (DT) occlusion varies based on the material used, both tested SDF products exhibit the capability to seal dentinal tubules, decrease dentin permeability, and promote dentin remineralization. These findings suggest their potential advantage in managing dentin hypersensitivity.
The Attitude of Nursing Staff Towards Oral Healthcare for Care‐Dependent Older Adults (ANOCO) Questionnaire: Development and Validation
Authors: Palmers Ellen E. , Lambert Martijn J. , Vanobbergen Jacques , De Almeida Mello Johanna , Duyck Joke , Claessens Patricia , De Visschere Luc , Janssens Barbara
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aims to report on the development and validation of the Attitude of Nursing staff towards Oral healthcare for Care‐dependent Older adults (ANOCO) questionnaire.

Methods

The development of the ANOCO questionnaire was performed in three stages between 2008 and 2019. In a first stage, domains related to oral healthcare attitudes were identified. Next, relevant statements per domain were formulated by a Delphi panel in two rounds, resulting in a questionnaire with 32 statements. In a final phase, this questionnaire was subjected to psychometric analysis, including an evaluation of the construct validity, an internal consistency analysis (Cronbachs alpha) and a principal component analysis.

Results

The questionnaire could significantly distinguish between known groups (dentists, nurses' aides, nursing students and nurses). Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was 0.863 in the first sample (n = 361) and 0.843 in the second sample (n = 1051). Based on principal component analysis, 22 statements were retained. Four components with an eigenvalue of more than 1 explained 45% of the total variance.

Conclusion

The ANOCO‐22 questionnaire consists of 22 statements and is a valid tool to assess the changes or differences in the attitude of nursing staff towards oral healthcare for care‐dependent older adults.
Utilising Text Mining to Determine Japanese Dental Hygiene Students' Perceptions of Dental Hygienists and Dentists
Authors: Susuga Mio , Takahashi Yasuyuki , Iguchi Asami , Motoi Shiho , Hasegawa Yuh
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This longitudinal text‐mining study examines dental hygiene students' perceptions of dental hygienists and dentists at three different points in time during their training course. The null hypothesis of the study was that there would be no change in the dental hygiene students' perceptions of the dental hygienists and dentists over the course of 3 years.

Materials and Methods

First‐year dental hygiene students participated in this study beginning with the academic year 2020. The questionnaires were conducted in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Participants were asked to write their perceptions of dental hygienists and dentists on the questionnaire sheets, and a quantitative text‐mining analysis was performed.

Results

Initially, 59 female students were assessed for enrollment in this study, and the overall participation rate was 88.1%. The first‐year students' perceptions of dental hygienists were “assist” and “beside” the dentist based on the co‐occurrence group, while in the second‐year, “cleaning” and “tooth” emerged in this group, and a new group of “cordinal‐listen‐story” materialised. In the third year, these groups merged into one group centered on “kind.” In the perceptions of dentists, the word “fear” was the most frequent before clinical training, while the frequency of the world “kind” increased after clinical training. The word “treat” was ranked third in the second year of curriculum and then first in the final year.

Conclusions

The null hypothesis was rejected. It can be concluded that if interactions between dental hygiene and dental students are systematically incorporated from early undergraduate education, clinical practice will be more meaningful and lead to stronger intraprofessional collaboration in future clinical practice.
Factors Associated With Transmission Across Three Waves of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Prospective Community‐Based Study of Households With School‐Aged Children—Dane County, Wisconsin, 2020–2022
Authors: Sethi Ajay K. , Bell Cristalyne , Norton Derek , Goss Maureen D. , Barlow Shari , Chen Guanhua , Uzicanin Amra , Temte Jonathan L.
Published: October 2024

Background

Household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a driver of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Understanding factors that contribute to secondary infection risks (SIRs) can define changing trends and inform public health policies.

Methods

The ORegon CHild Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) prospectively monitors respiratory viruses within the Oregon School District (OSD) in southcentral Wisconsin. Households with students who had ≥ 2 respiratory symptoms were eligible and opted to participate in ORCHARDS. Between October 28, 2020, and May 16, 2022, all household members provided self‐collected nasal specimens on days 0, 7, and 14 for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection using real‐time reverse‐transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. We used logistic regression to investigate individual‐ and household‐level characteristics associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.

Results

Overall, 127 households comprising 572 individuals (48% female; 52% male; 0.4% nonbinary; 77% ≥ 18 years) had at least one detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. The overall SIR was 47% and decreased over time (pre‐Delta = 72% [95% CI: 58%–83%]; Delta = 51% [40%–63%]; and Omicron = 41% [36%–47%]). Odds of household transmission were 63% lower during the Omicron period compared with the pre‐Delta period (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.13–0.94] p = 0.037). Greater household density (members/bedroom) was significantly associated with household transmission during the Omicron period (OR = 6.8, [2.19–21.37] p = 0.001). Index case age, illness severity, and individual symptoms were not significantly associated with odds of household transmission.

Conclusions

Greater household density was associated with a higher risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, but the risk declined over time with subsequent variants. Interplay between variants, prior infection, and individual/household factors may identify modifiable factors (e.g., behavior and vaccination) to reduce future transmission risk.
Consumer‐Centric Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review, Framework, and Research Agenda
Authors: Baldi Benedetta , Confente Ilenia , Russo Ivan , Gaudenzi Barbara
Published: October 2024

The dynamic landscape of consumer behavior is pressuring companies to adapt to rapidly evolving consumer expectations. The burgeoning interest in the supply chain management (SCM) literature toward consumer‐centric research is capturing the attention of scholars and sparking diverse calls to action. While a significant growth in SCM research has centered on consumers as the unit of analysis over the past decade, it remains necessary to improve understanding of how the role of consumers as actors within the supply chain dynamic has evolved. We aim to enhance consumer‐centric SCM research by conducting a systematic literature review that summarizes and synthesizes SCM studies that focus on consumers as the unit of analysis. Our review encompasses 174 articles from 16 leading journals. We bundle the literature based on two key trajectories: (i) major functions involved in SCM activities, and (ii) phases of the customer journey. To synthesize the literature, we develop a framework that encompasses the following elements: (i) factors influencing consumer‐centric SCM, (ii) resultant consumer‐related outcomes, and (iii) retail supply chain structures. Based on the literature review, we propose a research agenda that serves as a basis for advancing SCM research by identifying research questions that are relevant to scholars and practitioners.