bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dilatancy reversal in superplasticised cementitious mortar
Authors: Lai M. H. , Griffith A. M. , Hanzic L. , Wang Q. , Ho J. C. M.
Published: January 2020

By electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, polycarboxylate-based superplasticiser (SP) decreases the water demand for cement hydration in mortar/concrete production. Subsequently, less water is needed for a prescribed flowability, which improves its concurrent design limits of strength and flowability. Nonetheless, SP also introduces unfavourable dilatancy (or shear thickening) in mortar due to the clustering of mobile SP polymers in interstitial voids and adsorbed polymers on cement. Interestingly, the dilatancy does not increase monotonically with SP dosage. Reversal of dilatancy occurs when a threshold SP dosage is reached, and subsequent addition of SP decreases dilatancy because the fine particles in the mortar are better dispersed with adequate SP. Interstitial voids substantially decrease due to deflocculation of the fine particles, which improves the wet packing density (WPD) of mortar. Based on this, it is believed that by blending the cement with fly ash and/or using multi-sized sand, the dilatancy of mortar can be alleviated. In this research, using a coaxial viscometer, a rheology test programme of superplasticised mortar was conducted to determine the threshold SP dosage when dilatancy reversal occurs, to study the effect of using multi-sized powder and sand on mortar dilatancy and to correlate the dilatancy of mortar to its WPD.
Psycho-hormonal effects of aerobic fatigue on collegiate female soccer players
Authors: Broodryk Adele , Pienaar Cindy , Edwards David , Sparks Martinique
Published: January 2020

Up to 95% of a soccer match entails aerobic actions that may cause fatigue. Little is known about the effects of fatigue on the hormonal and psychological states of female players. Cortisol values (saliva sample), state anxiety (Spielberger State-trait Anxiety Inventory) and mood scores (Incredibly Short Profile of Mood States [ISP], comprising six subscales and total mood disturbances [TMD]) of 43 female players (aged 22.0±2.7 years) were taken immediately prior to and 15 min after an aerobic fatiguing test (AFT: Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery [YYIR] test). Cortisol increased (d=0.7, p=0.007) and ISP–confusion and ISP–vigour decreased (d=0.5, p=0.01–0.02). At pre-AFT, a slight positive relationship between cortisol and anxiety-absence (r=0.3, p=0.05) was seen. TMD consistently demonstrated a strong relationship with all ISP and anxiety scores (r>0.4, p<0.01). Post-AFT results demonstrated a positive relationship between cortisol and blood lactate (r=0.3, p=0.04), between ISP–anger with maximal heart rate (r=0.3, p=0.03), ISP–anger and YYIR level as well as ISP–fatigue (r=0.4, p=0.04), and between perceived exertion rate and ISP–vigour (r=-0.4, p=0.008) as well as ISP–fatigue (r=0.3, p=0.05). Fatigue caused by prolonged activity may be a greater physiological than psychological stressor, although both may affect soccer performance. We recommend training players to increase their aerobic capacity to ensure maximal quality match-time before fatigue and its subsequent adverse physiological and psychological effects set in.
Significance:

The YYIR-1 test is effective in producing significant changes in both the hormonal and psychological states of female soccer players.
Conditioning staff can effectively implement a mood state questionnaire to predict possible psychological stress (increase in state or trait anxiety) prior to and after a stressor.
A relationship exists between cortisol and the absenteeism of anxiety prior to this fatiguing test, as well as with blood lactate thereafter. Therefore, the State-trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire can be administered and blood lactate samples can be collected as they may display sensitive information regarding hormonal state.
A positive relationship exists between the maximal heart rate achieved following an aerobic fatiguing test and various mood subscales experienced. Thus, with an increase in heart rate (as frequently observed due to fatigue), it can be assumed that an increase in perceived negative mood state might take place.
Bench top CUT&RUN with antibodies-online™ CUT&RUN Sets v4
Authors: Online Gmbh Antibodies
Published: January 2020

CUT&RUN (Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease) offers a novel approach to pursue epigenetics. The method is designed to map genome wide transcription factor binding sites, chromatin-associated complexes, and histone variants and post-translational modifications. Here we provide an updated CUT&RUN protocol that incorporates two variants, one is optimized to further reduce background noise which especially helps when working with low cell numbers and abundant antigens. In CUT&RUN is performed in situ on immobilized, intact cells without crosslinking. DNA fragmentation is achieved using micrococcal nuclease that is fused to Protein A and/or Protein G (pA/G-MNase). The fusion protein is directed to the desired target through binding of the Protein A/G moiety to the Fc region of an antibody bound to the target. DNA under the target is subsequently cleaved and released and the pA/G-MNase-antibody- chromatin complex is free to diffuse out of the cell. DNA cleavage products are extracted and then processed by next generation sequencing (NGS). All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in a single tube on the benchtop or a microwell in a high-throughput pipeline, and the entire procedure can be performed in one day.
Polímeros Plásticos aplicados à Construção Civil: um projeto de Ensino de Química voltado à formação para Cidadania
Authors: Guckert Fernando Elias , Drews Franciele
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho consiste no Relato de uma Experiência de Ensino de Química, envolvendo o desenvolvimento do projeto de intervenção “Polímeros Plásticos aplicados à Construção Civil”. O referido projeto fez parte das práticas de Estágio Supervisionado do curso de Química - Licenciatura do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina - campus São José, do qual o primeiro autor é acadêmico e as demais, docentes. Para além de descrever as atividades desenvolvidas, o objetivo deste artigo também é apresentar uma reflexão sobre em que medida o projeto pode ter propiciado um Ensino voltado à formação para Cidadania, conforme evidenciado por Santos e Schnetzler (1996). Ou seja, são feitas considerações sobre em que medida o projeto contemplou as seguintes características: [i] busca pela construção de conhecimentos que possibilitem a tomada de decisão crítica; [ii] abordagem de temas químicos sociais; [iii] uso de linguagem química simplificada e cálculos químicos sem tratamento algébrico excessivo; [iv] discussão do papel social da Ciência; [v] compreensão do papel investigativo da experimentação na construção de conhecimentos; [vi] articulação entre os níveis macroscópico e submicroscópico do conhecimento químico; [vii] extensão do conteúdo na medida de sua significação social; [viii] seleção de tópicos químicos fundamentais relacionados ao estudo das substâncias e dos materiais, suas propriedades, constituição e transformações químicas; e [ix] a adoção de estratégias metodológicas que proporcionem participação ativa dos(as) estudantes (Santos e Schnetzler, 1996). A partir desta reflexão, evidencia-se que a maioria delas foi contemplada, podendo o projeto relatado ser compreendido como uma proposta de Ensino de Química para Cidadania.
Cativar os(as) alunos(as) por meio de projetos criativos ecoformadores: uma nova perspectiva para o ensino de química
Authors: Santana Bruna Savedra , Drews de Souza Franciele , De Aguiar Paula Alves
Published: January 2020

Neste texto partimos do pressuposto que o(a) aluno(a) é sujeito e, por esse motivo, só aprende se quiser tendo o(a) docente o papel de cativá-lo para este processo (Paro, 2002).  O Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina – Câmpus São José, no curso de Química – Licenciatura apresenta uma proposta de Estágio  Supervisionados onde os(as) licenciandos(as) desenvolvem Projetos que almejam para cativar seus(suas) alunos(as) partindo da realidade educativa e seu entorno. A proposta metodológica trabalhada nesses estágios se baseiam nos Projetos Criativos Ecoformadores - PCEs (Zwierewicz et al., 2016), que buscam ensinar a partir da vida dos sujeitos envolvidos nas práticas educativas. Este texto analisará quatro Projetos de Intervenção desenvolvidos nesses estágios, que ocorreram no mesmo semestre, em uma mesma escola estadual com turmas do terceiro ano do ensino médio.  Analisará também entrevistas realizadas com os(as) estagiários(as) autores(as) desses projetos. A partir desses dados foi possível identificar que os Projetos desenvolvidos  apresentaram propostas metodológicas que buscavam cativar os(as) alunos(as) para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, tendo apresentado resultados favoráveis conforme expresso nas entrevistas com os(as) autores(as) dos projetos, já que, conforme destacado, os(as) alunos(as) foram protagonistas nos projetos, construindo juntos com eles reflexões sobre as temáticas trabalhadas no ensino de química.
Estágio supervisionado: projetos criativos ecoformadores na formação inicial de professores/as de química
Authors: Schneider Mariana , Alves de Aguiar Paula , Drews de Souza Franciele
Published: January 2020

Resumo: Este texto tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento dos Componentes Curriculares de Estágio Supervisionado do curso de Licenciatura em Química do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus São José (IFSC-SJ). Buscou-se perceber de que forma os Projetos Criativos Ecoformadores (PCEs), elaborados e aplicados durante os Estágios Supervisionados II e III, podem contribuir para a formação de professores/as pesquisadores/as, como preveem os referenciais teóricos de estágio adotados no referido curso. Como aportes teórico-conceituais foram utilizados, para a formação de professores/as, Pimenta (1999), Pimenta e Lima (2005/2006), Lüdke (2012) e, para discutir a respeito dos componentes curriculares de Estágio Supervisionado no curso de Licenciatura em Química, foram utilizados conceitos do PPC do referido curso (IFSC, 2014). Os PCEs analisados foram elaborados, como projetos de intervenção, pelos/as licenciandos/as da primeira turma que cursou o Estágio Supervisionado II do referido curso, em 2018/1 e desenvolvidos em Estágio Supervisionado III em 2018/2. Para realizar a presente análise, foram investigados oito projetos, visando perceber suas características gerais, como utilizaram a proposta metodológica dos PCEs e sua relação com os objetivos do estágio na formação de professores/as pesquisadores/as. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível levantar indícios a respeito de como estão sendo formados os/as professores/as no curso analisado e quais os reflexos dessa proposta no planejamento das aulas no Estágio Supervisionado.
The concept of hydrohegemony as a framework for analyzing transborder conflicts over water. Thinking about the Chinese case
Authors: Delgado-Moran Juan José , Teano Fulvia
Published: January 2020

Water is an essential resource, it is at the basis of human civilization and human life, and it also is an important geopolitical factor, in particular in the present worldwide condition of increasing scarcity. Therefore, can transboundary waters at the river basin level, which constitute the majority of freshwater basins, be considered a source that strengthen cooperation among states or a cause of international conflicts? This issue has been largely discussed in the academic literature since the 80s, following the Neo-Malthusian reasoning coupled with a realist approach. However, these arguments merely allow for the depoliticisation of the concept of water security, and do not reflect the realities of water politics. In order to understand states’ hydrobehaviour in transboundary water arrangements at the international level, a framework based on concepts such as hydrohegemony should be adopted to allow for the analysis power asymmetries both at the domestic and international level. To further understand the role that hydrohegemony and power asymmetry play in international water-relations, the case study of China’s hydrobehaviour is taken under analysis, specifically in the region of the Mekong River Basin. China is one of the world’s major raising powers, has exhibited high rates of economic growth, and is heavily dependant on natural resources, and in particular water. As water scarcity is affecting its development, China has shown behaviours pertaining to an ‘hydrohegemon’, making it a particularly interesting case to investigate.
Jalame´tik Ts´ajalsul y Me´ Atsam. “Señoras” del agua dulce - salada entre tsotsiles y tseltales de los Altos de Chiapas
Authors: Chaves López Natalia
Published: January 2020

En los altos de Chiapas habitan indígenas tseltales y tsotsiles, pueblos emparentados que provienen de la familia maya-quiché. Por años estos grupos han mantenido una relación con su territorio, lo que sostiene un balance recíproco que se renueva, a través del cuidado de la naturaleza, las ofrendas y regalos. En este artículo, que se basa en trabajo de campo entre 2012 y 2018, se ponen en relación dos conceptos tseltales, el k´inal y el majtanal, los cuales intervienen en la definición del territorio indígena. Esta perspectiva toma en cuenta los seres sobrenaturales de las fuentes de agua, preponderantemente las señoras o madres que en ellas habitan, con las cuales la comunidad tiene una relación permanente que promueve el cuidado físico como el ritual del agua y el territorio para ser heredado a generaciones futuras.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF A BORED PILE DIAMETER ON CHANGE OF COEFFICIENT OF SUBGRADE REACTION AT CALCULATION FOR HORIZONTAL LOADS
Authors: GAISIN Airat Z. , KRUTYAEV Sergey A. , GLAZACHEV Anton O.
Published: January 2020

The problem of designing foundations using long bored piles of large diameter is shown. Such piles are most often used in the construction of buildings and structures, on the foundations of which large loads are transferred, and such buildings are often built on sites with difficult soil conditions. When designing foundations using such piles, it becomes necessary to calculate them for horizontal load and bending moment. The article is devoted to studies of the dependence of the coefficient of subgrade reaction on the diameter of piles when calculating long bored piles of large diameter in clay soils. To determine the patt erns of changes in the coefficient of subgrade reaction from the diameter of the piles, numerical studies in a three-dimensional setting were performed. Based on the results obtained, the graphs «load - displacement» are constructed. The method of calculating the coefficient of subgrade reaction with known movements of the pile head and the applied load is shown. The regularities of changes in the deformability of the soil base with an increase in the diameter of the pile are revealed and a coefficient taking into account this dependence is proposed.
ETERMINATION OF CALCULATED COSTS IN INTERNAL CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY OF MULTI-APARTMENT HOUSES
Authors: MIKHAILOVA Irina Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the relationship of the system of technical regulation in construction and regulatory relations for the provision of public services. Changes in the current system of legal regulation in the sphere of water supply of apartment buildings are considered. The article shows that the subject of rationing belongs to several areas of regulation, which requires improvement of the methodological basis for the design of in-house systems of hot and cold water supply of an apartment building and the creation of legitimate methodological tools. Recommendations on the formation of methodological procedures, the implementation of which will provide the legal legitimacy of the methods of hydraulic calculation. The method of determining the calculated (limit) costs of cold and hot water in centralized systems of drinking water supply of an apartment building.
Dual-Driven Fault Failure in the Lower Seismogenic Zone
Authors: Sibson Richard H.
Published: January 2020

Frictional instability leading to fault rupture may be driven by increasing differential stress or by increases in pore-fluid pressure within the rock mass. Geological evidence (from hydrothermal vein systems in exhumed faults) together with geophysical information around active faults support the localized invasion of near lithostatically overpressured hydrothermal fluids, derived from prograde metamorphism at greater depths, into lower portions of the crustal seismogenic zone at depths of about 10–15 km (250°C<T<350°C). This is especially true of compressional–transpressional tectonic regimes that lead to crustal thickening and dewatering and are better at containing overpressure. Extreme examples are associated with areas undergoing active compressional inversion where existing faults, originally formed as normal faults during crustal extension, undergo reverse-slip reactivation during subsequent shortening though poorly oriented for reactivation. Extreme fault-valve action is likely widespread in such settings with failure driven by a combination of rising fluid pressure in the lower seismogenic zone lowering fault frictional strength, as well as by rising tectonic shear stress—dual-driven fault failure. Localized overpressure affects rupture nucleation sites, but dynamic rupturing may extend well beyond the regions of intense overpressuring. Postfailure, enhanced fracture permeability along fault rupture zones promotes fault-valve discharge throughout the aftershock period, increasing fault frictional strength before hydrothermal sealing occurs and overpressures begin to reaccumulate. The association of rupture nucleation sites with concentrated fluid overpressure is consistent with selective invasion of overpressured fluid into the roots of major fault zones and with nonuniform spacing of major vein systems along exhumed brittle–ductile shear zones.
Marine Terraces Reveal Complex Near-Shore Upper-Plate Faulting in the Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Litchfield Nicola J. , Clark Kate J. , Cochran Ursula A. , Palmer Alan S. , Mountjoy Joshu , Mueller Christof , Morgenstern Regine , Berryman Kelvin R. , McFadgen Bruce G. , Steele Richard , Reitman Nadine , Howarth Jamie , Villamor Pilar
Published: January 2020

Recent earthquakes involving multiple fault ruptures highlight the need to evaluate complex coastal deformation mechanisms, which are important for understanding plate boundary kinematics and seismic and tsunami hazards. We compare ages and uplift of the youngest Holocene marine terraces at Puatai Beach and Pakarae River mouth (∼10  km apart) in the northern Hikurangi subduction margin to examine whether uplift is the result of subduction earthquakes or upper-plate fault earthquakes. From stepped platform-cliff morphology, we infer uplift during 2–3 earthquakes and calculate an average uplift-per-event of 2.9±0.5  m at Puatai Beach and 2.0±0.5  m at Pakarae River mouth. Radiocarbon ages from the youngest beach deposit shells on each terrace and a tephra coverbed on one terrace constrain the timing of earthquakes to 1770–1710, 1100–910, and 420–250 cal. B.P. at Puatai Beach, and 1490–1290 and 660–530 cal. B.P. at Pakarae River mouth. The ages differ at each site indicating uplift is neither the result of subduction earthquakes nor single upper-plate fault earthquakes. A reinterpretation of new and existing bathymetry and seismic reflection data, combined with dislocation modeling, indicates that near-shore fault segmentation is more complex than previously thought and ruptures likely involve multiple upper-plate faults. Future updates of the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model should revise the northern Hikurangi subduction seismic sources so that rupture does not uplift Puatai Beach and Pakarae River mouth and include new near-shore upper-plate faults as multifault sources.
Applications for Teaching Sustainability: An Interdisciplinary, Service Learning, Study Abroad Course
Authors: Vande Berg Anne W. , Eaton Charissa K.
Published: January 2020

This teaching note delineates the broad understanding of sustainability and environmental justice as it relates to social work practice and social work education. The curricular applications of sustainability and environmental justice through an undergraduate, service learning, interdisciplinary, 12-day study abroad course to India are described. The teaching note includes the conceptualization of the course co-taught by faculty members from social work and chemistry as well as pretrip, trip, and posttrip learning activities.
Smak słodko-gorzko-kwaśny. Miejsce filozofii w sztuce życia według Bohdana Dziemidoka
Authors: Kazimierska-Jerzyk Wioletta
Published: January 2020

Artykuł omawia ostatnią książkę Bohdana Dziemidoka pt. Filozofia i sztuka życia. Badacz ów jest czołowym przedstawicielem polskiej estetyki, autorem dziesięciu książek, ponad stu sześćdziesięciu artykułów oraz redaktorem sześciu monografii. Pozycja ostatnia pod względem merytorycznym spaja jego dorobek powstały po roku 2000. Peryferyjnie dotyczy ona zagadnień estetycznych, natomiast z uwagi na osobisty ton refleksji zapewnia bliższy, niż zazwyczaj jest to możliwe, kontakt z autorem. Można w przypadku tej książki mówić o praktykowaniu – właśnie za jej pomocą – filozofii oraz o swoistej, intencjonalnie podjętej autoterapii. Treść książki jest w tym samym stopniu nacelowana na własne problemy, co nacechowana empatią wobec czytelnika. W rezultacie udostępnia mu nie tylko wiedzę, ale i zapewnia spotkanie z otwartym, życzliwym człowiekiem.
Pengaruh Komunikasi Kepala Madrasah Terhadap Peningkatan Keterlibatan Masyarakat di Madrasah Aliyah Nurus Sholah Akkor Pamekasan
Authors: Kosim Mohammad , Akbar Jamaluddin
Published: January 2020

Schools and communities (publics) are two entities that can not be separated in supporting the implementation of education in an educational institution. In this case, the principal (Head of Madrasah) has an important role in establishing and maintaining relationships between the school and community elements around the school. One of the most important aspects of good duties and leadership of Madrasah principals is the communication aspect. The communication in question is how the head of Madrasah builds synergy between the school community (school environment) and builds good relations with the environment around the school or the communities around the school. This research is a quantitative descriptive research that aims to find out how far the influence of madrasah principal communications to increase community involvement in MA Nurus Sholah by using the product moment correlation formula that its descriptions are calculated based on the numbers obtained from the questionnaire results. The results of the study indicate that Madrasah head communication influenced the increasing of community involvement in Madrasah Aliyah Nurus Sholah Akkor Pamekasan. This is evidenced by the value of "r" work after consultation on the product moment interpretation table, the value of "r" work is at 0.600 to 0800 with sufficient interpretation.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN ISI KURIKULUM KARAKTER ISLAMI DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MIFTAHUL ULUM PULAU MANDANGIN SAMPANG
Authors: Burdatun Warida Zainuddin Syarif
Published: January 2020

Pelaksanaan manajemen kurikulum yang muatan dikemas dengan program-program keislamian yang mana bertujuan untuk mengembangkan karakter islami peserta didik.dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, diketahui bahwa muatan isi kurikulum karakter islami di MI Miftahul Ulum Pulau Mandangin di aplikasikan dengan penambahan muatan kurikukulum pada bagian pengembangan diri. Pada muatan tersebut MI Miftahul Ulum pengimplementasikan program keagamaan. Selain itu di MI Miftahul Ulum juga membangun budaya yang yang islami. Proses manajemen isi kurikulum karakter islami juga dikembangan disini. Adapun dalam implementasi hal ini juga mendapat faktor penghambat dan pendukung. Adapun perubahan perilaku atau hasil dari implementasi ini bisa dirasakan seperti rendahnya pelanggaran yang yang dilakukan oleh siswa, perilaku keagamaan yang ikut serta terwujudnya budaya islami yang kental.
Formulating Criminal Liabilities Regarding Online Prostitution
Authors: Laksana Trio Angga , Ohoiwutun Y.A. Triana , Tanuwijaya Fanny
Published: January 2020

This study aims to obtain similarities and differences regarding legal formulation in online prostitution. Hitherto, prostitution has remained to exist in Indonesian society. In context, the existing perpetrators of prostitution do not peddle conventionally but also virtually, in which online prostitution that gradually increases is a common term that refers to this phenomenon. The current law enforcement against perpetrators of online prostitution performs as the consequence of the national law in which national laws have yet remained to accommodate in criminalizing perpetrators of online prostitution. The criminalization of perpetrators in online prostitution may contrast with the principle of legality so that national laws should accommodate perpetrators of online prostitution regarding their criminal liability. In particular, these national laws should address whether to prohibit the attitude that proliferates online prostitution so that perpetrators of online prostitution should be accountable for their crimes. Henceforth, this measure intends to avoid the overlap of the principle of legality in criminal law.

Keywords: Online Prostitution, Criminal Liabilities, Principle of Legality.
Penerapan Metode Peramalan untuk Identifikasi Permintaan Konsumen
Authors: Auliasari Karina , Kertaningtyas Mariza , Kriswantono Mawan
Published: January 2020

The forecast model is done using data from several years before, with the involvement of time parameters in the forecast process is usable for the company to made an effective and efficient planning. Forecasting has an important role because the company requires short-term, medium-term and long-term estimates for each management. For short-term estimates, a company requires personnel, production and transportation scheduling, which is part of the process of scheduling and estimating consumer demand. In this study the results of three forecasting methods were compared, there is simple average, naïve and seasonal naive on demand data of PT SUPER SUKSES NIAGA to be further these three method measured its forecast accuracy using the value of MASE (Mean Absolute Square Error). From the results of data pre-processing consumers whose high value of demand are PT. DIESELINDO, PT. DUTA, PT. HEXINDO and PT. PANATAMA. The results of forecasting shown that the method that has the smallest MASE value is the simple moving average method.
Humic Acid Isolation from Batujai Dam Lombok Tengah-NTB and its Potential as Reductive–Biosorbent Au(III) in The Batch System
Authors: Ismillayli Nurul , Hermanto Dhony
Published: January 2020

The Study of Au(III) ions adsorption by humic acid in batch system has been done. Humic acid was isolated from Batujai Dam Lombok Tengah 0.1 M NaOH and continued with 0.1 M HCl/0.3 M HF washing to dissolve silica. Functional groups of isolated humic acid was investigated by FTIR Spectroscopy and the adsorption process was studied by XRD and SEM analyses. It has been found that humic acid contained carboxylic, phenols, alcoholic, ether, amines functional groups, aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic ring. XRD and SEM data showed that humic acid did not only adsorp Au(III) ions but also reduce them to gold particles. Therefore, humic acid has the potential as reductive-biosorbent for Au(III) in batch system. Keywords: humic acid, reductive-biosorbent, Au(III) ions.
İzmir Tulum Peyniri Üretiminde Peynir Altı Suyu Kültürünün Kullanımı
Authors: TULUKOĞLU Gizem Başak , KINIK Özer , AKAN Ecem
Published: January 2020

Amaç:
Bu
araştırmada farklı inkübasyon sıcaklığında elde edilen peynir altı suyu
kültürleri ile üretilen İzmir Tulum peynirlerinin kimyasal, tekstürel, mikrobiyolojik
ve duyusal özellikleri incelenmiştir.  

 Materyal
ve Metot: İzmir Tulum peynirinden elde edilmiş olan peynir altı suları
mezofilik (25˚C) ve termofilik (35˚C) inkübasyon sıcaklığına bırakılmıştır.
Mezofilik (M), termofilik (T), mezofilik-termofilik (K) PAS kültürlü ve kontrol
grubu (C) (klasik yöntemle peynir altı suyu kültürü eklenmeyen) olmak üzere
dört grup İzmir Tulum peynir üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.                                                                                                     Bulgular: Peynir altı suyu kültürü ilaveli peynir
örnekleri kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük kurumadde değerlerine sahip olmuştur.
Örnekler arası yağ, protein ve toplam azot değerlerinde önemli düzeyde
değişiklik görülmemiştir (p>0.05).
Proteoliz düzeyi en yüksek kontrol örneğinde tespit edilmiştir. Duyusal açıdan
en beğenilen örnek kontrol örneği olmuştur. 
Depolama süresi boyunca en düşük Lactacoccus ve en yüksek maya-küf
sayısına kontrol örneği sahip olmuştur. Tekstürel açıdan depolamanın
başlangıcında en sert peynir mezofilik kültürle üretilen peynir iken depolama
sonunda en yüksek sertlik değerine kontrol örneği sahip olmuştur.
Ki mondja meg, mi a fontos? – Részvétel és természetvédelem
Authors: Mihók Barbara , Kiss Gabriella , Kovács Eszter , Margóczi Katalin , Fabók Veronika , Kalóczkai Ágnes
Published: January 2020

A természetvédelemben – az elmúlt évtizedekben lezajlott szemléletváltás következményeként – a természetvédelmi szakmán kívüli érintettek bevonása egyre nagyobb szerepet kap. A bevonás és a társadalmi részvétel fogalma, szükségessége és sokszínű módszertana azonban a természetvédelem szakmai berkeiben még nem széleskörűen ismert és elismert. Ennek egyik oka abban keresendő, hogy a társadalomtudományi megközelítés és tudásrendszer a természetvédelmi szakemberek szakmai szocializációjában (oktatásában és a napi munkában) nem kap egyelőre hangsúlyos szerepet. Cikkünkben a részvételiség fogalmát és indokoltságát tárgyaljuk az ökológiában és a természetvédelmi biológiában lezajlott paradigmaváltáshoz kapcsolódóan, valamint a társadalomtudomány által kínált tudásrendszer elemeinek bemutatásával. Hazai esettanulmányok segítségével illusztráljuk, hogy a részvétel gazdagítja a közösség tudását, növeli szempontjainak és értékeinek sokszínűségét az adott ügyhöz, témához kapcsolódóan (tartalmi érv), jobb döntéseket eredményez és növeli a döntések elfogadottságát (instrumentális érv), etikai szempontból megközelítve pedig a részvétel önmagában értékes és kívánatos, hiszen azokat vonja be a döntéshozatalba, akiket az adott döntés érint (normatív érv). Lényegesnek tartjuk a hazai természetvédelem sikeressége érdekében, hogy a természetvédelemben dolgozók nagyobb mértékben hozzáférjenek a társadalomtudományi tudáshoz, a részvételi módszerek tárházához és egyben azok kritikai szempontú értékeléséhez.
A hagyományos és tudományos agroökológiai ismeretek ötvözésének szükségszerűsége a felsőoktatási képzésekben
Authors: Ujj Apolka , Fehér István
Published: January 2020

Az agroökológia oktatása – holisztikus szemléletmódjából adódóan – jelentős kihívás elé állítja a felsőoktatásban dolgozó oktatókat is. A SAGITER nevű nemzetközi projekt munkatársai azt a célt tűzték ki maguk elé, hogy a hagyományos, sok esetben csak tapasztalaton alapuló, tudományosan nem megalapozott, un. informális ökológiai tudást ötvözik a kutatáson alapuló, formális tudományos ismeretekkel. Magyarországon a leghatékonyabb tudásátadás módszertan kiválasztásához mindenképpen szükséges a meglévő ismeretek feltérképezése. Ebből a célból BSc, BA és MSc hallgatók között írásos felmérést végeztünk az agroökológiai rendszerek témakörében, az ökológiai gazdálkodásra fektetve a hangsúlyt. Az eredmények tükrében megállapítható, hogy szignifikáns eltérés figyelhető meg a hallgatók tudásszintje között, ami adódik alapképzésük jellegéből, képzés- és évfolyamszintjükből, valamint a válaszadók neme is befolyásoló tényezőt jelent. A hallgatók az ökológiai gazdálkodás környezetre gyakorolt hatását igen, de társadalmi és ökonómiai vetületét nem ismerik. Tudásszintjük legmeghatározóbb tényezője a korábban mezőgazdaságban szerzett tapasztalatuk, személyesen szerzett élményeik. A felmérés eredményei azt erősítik, hogy a felsőoktatásban is szükség van a gyakorlatiasabb képzés irányába történő elmozdulásra. Megoldásként kidolgoztunk egy olyan képzési palettát, amelyben a modulok a tapasztalt tudáshiányosságokat fedik le, különös tekintettel az agroökológia ökonómiai, társadalmi aspektusaira a környezetvédelem mellett.
Zsiókások és nádasok legeltetése és egyéb használatai a Duna-völgyi szikes tavak területén a helyi emberek visszaemlékezései alapján
Authors: Havel Alexandra , Molnár Ábel , Ujházy Noémi , Molnár Zsolt , Biró Marianna
Published: January 2020

A természetvédelem jelentős paradigmaváltáson megy át napjainkban. A rezervátum-szemléletet folyamatosan váltja fel a kíméletes hasznosítással megvalósított természetvédelem. Utóbbihoz a helyileg adaptálódott gazdálkodói gyakorlatok ismerete alapvető. Kutatásunk célja a Duna-völgyi szikes tavak 1950 és 1970 közötti használatának és későbbi növényzeti változásainak feltárása volt. Összesen 34 db strukturált interjút készítettünk helyi gazdálkodókkal, melyeket természetvédelmi szakemberekkel készített interjúkkal egészítettünk ki. A szikes tavak zsiókásait és nádasait sokféleképpen hasznosították: aratták, kaszálták, legeltették (pl. szarvasmarha, ló, sertés, szárnyasok), szükség esetén égették. A kisparaszti használat megszűnése és az ezzel párhuzamosan történt édesvíz-bevezetések a nádasok, zsiókások terjedéséhez és a nyílt vízfelületek csökkenéséhez vezettek. Feltételezzük, hogy a Duna-sík, többnyire antropogén hatásra elmocsarasodó szikes tavait a hagyományos tájhasználati formák és a vízháztartás együttes helyreállításával vissza lehetne állítani a világszinten is unikálisnak számító fehér (ún. zavaros) vizű állapotukba.
Composition and structure of corporate finance. Monograph
Authors: Kaledin Sergey
Published: January 2020

Problems of possibility and expediency of capital structure management have always been the focus of attention of scientists and practitioners. The main question of the discussion was whether there was an optimal capital structure and how it affected the value of the firm 's capital and the value of the enterprise itself.
A small increase in the share of borrowed capital in total sources does not have a significant impact on the change in the price of own sources. With the increase in the share of debt, the price of equity begins to increase at an increasing rate, the price of debt capital initially remains unchanged and then also begins to increase. Since the price of borrowed capital is on average lower than the price of equity, there is an optimal capital structure, at which the weighted average price of capital has a minimum value, and therefore the price of the enterprise will be maximum.
Проблемы возможности и целесообразности управления структурой капитала всегда находились в центре внимания ученых и практиков. Основной вопрос дискуссии сводился к следующему: существует ли оптимальная структура капитала и как она влияет на стоимость капитала фирмы и стоимость самого предприятия.
Небольшое увеличение доли заемного капитала в общем объеме источников не оказывает существенного влияния на изменение цены собственных источников. С ростом доли заемных средств цена собственного капитала начинает увеличиваться возрастающими темпами, цена заемного капитала сначала остается неизменной, а потом также начинает возрастать. Так как цена заемного капитала в среднем ниже цены собственного капитала, существует оптимальная структура капитала, при которой средневзвешенная цена капитала имеет минимальное значение, и значит, цена предприятия будет максимальной.
Status dan Determinan Pendapatan Petani Agroforestri di Lingkungan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai
Authors: Suyadi NFN , Sumardjo NFN , Uchrowi Zaim , Tjitropranoto Prabowo , Swastika Dewa Ketut Sadra
Published: January 2020

English
Rural communities in Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP) are generally low income farmers. Farms that have long been adopted agroforestry farming systems through inter generation legacy. The existing agroforestry technology applied by the farmers remains the simple traditional technology, so that the crops yields and income are low. Understanding the determinants of farmers’ income is useful in formulating the appropriate policy for increasing farmers’ income. This study was aimed to analyze the level and determinants of  the  agroforestry farmers income in GCNP. This research was conducted in Kuningan and Majalengka Regency, West Java Province,  in July to October 2017. The data was collected by interviewing 310 agroforestry farmers which were selected using the cluster random sampling technique with clusters consisted of the locations of farmer groups from agroforestry in the GCNP buffer zone. The data was analized using descriptive statistics and regression inferential statistics. The results show that the income of agroforestry farmers was low because of low agroforestry farmers’ capacity, weak extension support and weak leadership role of  informal leaders. Supports of the forestry extension service and informal leaders' leadership roles are needed for enhancing the agroforestry farmers’ capacity  in increasing their income.

Indonesian
Masyarakat perdesaan di lingkungan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) umumnya adalah petani kurang sejahtera yang telah lama menekuni agroforestri turun-temurun. Penerapan teknologi pada sistem usaha tani agroforestri masih sederhana sehingga produktivitas tanaman masih rendah yang berdampak pada rendahnya pendapatan. Berbagai faktor dapat memengaruhi tingkat pendapatan petani agroforestri, sehingga perlu diungkap faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besaran dan determinan pendapatan petani agroforestri di lingkungan TNGC. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Kuningan dan Majalengka, Provinsi Jawa Barat pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2017. Data diperoleh dari 310 orang petani yang dipilih berdasarkan cluster random sampling dengan klaster lokasi kelompok tani agroforestri di desa penyangga kawasan TNGC. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani agroforestri di lingkungan TNGC rendah karena rendahnya kapasitas petani agroforestri, lemahnya dukungan penyuluhan kehutanan, dan lemahnya peran kepemimpinan tokoh informal. Dukungan penyuluhan kehutanan dan peran kepemimpinan tokoh informal perlu ditingkatkan agar petani agroforestri memiliki kapasitas yang memadai dalam  meningkatkan  pendapatan mereka.
Effectiveness of Liu Zi Jue Qigong versus traditional core stability training for patients with post-stroke complicated with abnormal trunk postural control: a study protocol for a single-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: chen wang , Yu Long , Yang Jian , Wang Ren Wei , Zheng Ya Nan , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2020

Background: Trunk function in stroke patients with hemiplegia is associated with respiration and core stability, and is also found to be associated with balance and postural control and daily activity of life. Liuzijue Qigong (LQG) is a traditional Chinese method of fitness based on breath pronunciation. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of LQG and traditional core stability training in the treatment of stroke patients with abnormal trunk posture. This protocol is written according to the SPIRT 2013 Statement. Methods: This study is a single-center randomized controlled trial in which 160 stroke patients are randomly divided into study group and control group. Patients in the study group will receive LQG combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy, while patients in the control group will receive traditional core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy. All treatments will be treated 45 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Primary outcome (Trunk impairment scale) and secondary outcome (Berg balance scale, Fugl-Meyer assessment, Modified barthel index, Maximum phonation time, Dynamic and Static Balance Testing and The thickness and the Mobile degrees of diaphragm) will be conducted at baseline, 2 weeks at the end of the rehabilitation course. Discussion: The aim of this research is to compare the clinical efficacy of LQG and traditional core stability exercise in the treatment of stroke patients with abnormal trunk posture. Trial registration: Chinese Trial registration: chinese clinical trial registry : ChiCTR1800014864. Registered on 24 November 2018. Keywords: Six character formula, Trunk postural control, Stroke, Core stability, Traditional core stability training, Liuzijue qigong (LQG)
Comparison of retention in observational cohorts and nested Simulated HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials in the Key populations in Uganda
Authors: Abaasa Andrew Max , Todd Jim , Nash Stephen , Mayanja Yunia , Kaleebu Pontiano , Fast Patricia E. , Price Matt
Published: January 2020

Background: Outcomes in observational studies may not best estimate those expected in the HIV vaccine efficacy trials. We compared retention in Simulated HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials (SiVETs) and observational cohorts drawn from two key populations in Uganda. Methods: Two SiVETs were nested within two observational cohorts, one in Fisherfolk (FF) and another one in Female Sex Workers (FSW). Adult participants in each observational cohort were screened for enrolment into SiVETs. Those screened-out or not screened continued participation in the observational (non-SiVET) cohorts. SiVET participants were administered a licensed hepatitis B vaccine in a schedule that mimicked an actual HIV vaccine efficacy trial. Both cohorts were followed for 12 months and retention was assessed through dropout, defined as lost to follow up, being uncontactable, refusal to continue or missing the last study clinic visit. Dropout rates were compared using Poisson models giving rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Out of 1,525 participants (565 FF and 960 FSW), 572 (38 %) were enrolled into SiVETs (282-FF and 290-FSW), and 953 (62%) remained in the non-SiVET cohorts. Overall, 326 (101 SiVET, 225 non-SiVET) dropped out in 1,260 Person Years of Observation (PYO), a dropout rate of 25.9 /100 PYO (95%CI: 23.2-28.8); fewer dropped out in the SiVET cohorts (18.4, 95% CI: 15.1-22.4) than in the non-SiVET cohorts (31.6, 95% CI: 27.8-36.1), rate ratio (RR) =0.58, 95% CI: 0.46-0.73. In all cohorts, the dropout was more marked in FSW than in FF population. Duration lived in community was associated with dropout in both SiVETs and religion in both non-SiVET cohorts. Conclusion: The rate of dropout was lower in SiVET compared to non-SiVET cohort. Though the difference in dropout between SiVET and non-SiVET was generally similar, the actual dropout rates were higher in the FSW population. Conduct of SiVETs in these key populations could mean that designing HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials will benefit from lower dropout rate shown in SiVET than non-SiVET observational cohort.
Predicting successful lumbar plexus block using blood flow index measured by laser speckle contrast imaging
Authors: Wu Xi , Li Pengcheng , Liu Xiaohu , Meng Liangwei , Wang Dan , Huang Yujie , Mei Wei
Published: January 2020

Background: Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful optical imaging technique for real-time and dynamic measurement of regional blood flow. The objective of this prospective observational study was to investigate blood flow changes after blockade of lumbar plexus or its three major branches respectively, with LSCI technique.
Methods: This study included 47 adult patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery. For the selective blockade of lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, blood flow images and pinprick sensory scores of the blocked lower limb were recorded 5 min pre block and every 5 min for 30 min post block. Blood flow index (BFI) values of toes were calculated by LSCI software.
Results: In this study, we have 21 cases of successful lumbar plexus blocks, 2 cases of failed lumbar plexus block, 8 cases of successful femoral nerve blocks, 8 cases of successful obturator nerve blocks, and 8 cases of successful lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks. The BFI values of all five toes were significantly increased as early as 5 min after successful lumbar plexus block, whereas no signiﬁcant difference was found in BFI values after failed lumbar plexus block. BFI changes after successful selective blockade of femoral nerve, obturator nerve, or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve were negligible. BFI value of the big toe at 5 min after the successful lumbar plexus block was increased by 2.57 fold compared with the baseline value, which represented the highest increase among five tested toes. BFI value of the big toe at 10 min after lumbar plexus block showed great power to predict block outcome with a sensitivity of 100% and a speciﬁcity of 100%. The optimal cut-off value given by ROC analysis was 22.11 PU.
Conclusions: Increased blood flow index measured by laser speckle contrast imaging is a reliable indicator of successful lumbar plexus block, but cannot indicate successful selective blocks of three major branches of the lumbar plexus. BFI value of the big toe at 10 min after lumbar plexus block could well predict block outcome with the cut-off value of 22.11 PU.
Insufficiency of prosthetic posterolateral overlap related to recurrence after laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty, as assessed by video review
Authors: Sato Masanori , Nozawa Masashi , Watanabe Takahiro , Onoda Takanobu , Matsuyama Atsuko , Shiiya Norihiko , Wada Hidetoshi
Published: January 2020

Background: Technical factors leading to hernia recurrence after transabdominal preperitoneal repair include insufficient dissection, inadequate prosthetic overlap and prosthetic size, improper fixation and folding, or crinkling of the prosthesis. However, determining intraoperatively if a case will develop recurrent hernias due to these factors remains unclear. Methods: Five surgeons blind-reviewed operation videos of primary laparoscopic hernioplasty in 13 lesions that went on to develop recurrent hernias (i.e., future recurrence), as well as 28 control lesions, to assess twelve items of surgical techniques. Since we changed a surgical policy of covering myopectineal orifice (MPO) in April 2003, we analyzed the data for the earlier and later periods. The data was analyzed with hierarchical clustering to obtain a gross grouping. The differences of the ratings between the future recurrent and control lesions were then analyzed and the association of the techniques with the hernia recurrence rate, the size of the prosthesis, and the hernia type across hernia recurrence were explored. Results: The lesions were grouped based on the time series, and its boundary was approximated when we changed our surgical policy. This policy change caused ratings to progress from 34% satisfactory, to 79% satisfactory. The recurrence rate decreased to 0.7% (5/678), compared with 6.2% (10/161) before the policy was implemented ( p < 0.001). With univariate analysis, the ratings of posterior prosthesis overlap to the MPO in the recurrent lesions were significantly lower than controls in the later period ( p = 0.019). Although various types of recurrences were noted in the earlier period, only primary indirect and recurrent indirect hernias were observed in the later period ( p = 0.006). Conclusions: Fully covering the MPO with mesh is essential for preventing direct recurrence hernias. Additional hernia recurrence prevention can be obtained by giving appropriate attention to prosthesis overlap posterior to the MPO in a large indirect hernia.