bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATE-MOVEMENT ALLIANCES: STATE ELITES AS POLITICAL MEDIATORS IN CHINA’S ANTI-DAM MOVEMENT*
Authors: Matsuzawa Setsuko
Published: October 2020

This article describes a state-movement alliance of environmental ministry officials, scientists, the media, and environmental NGOs formed to mobilize against the controversial Nu River hydropower dam project in Yunnan, a Southwest province in China. The study presents the first case of a state-led environmental alliance in China. Elites in the State Environmental Protection Administration identified common ground with an anti-dam movement and served as key mediators. They allied with movement actors to create popular support for their own policy goal (the enforcement of an environmental impact assessment), which, in turn, increased the influence of movement actors on policy outcomes (in this case, halting the dam project). The preexisting personal ties among state elites and movement actors in this authoritarian context may have lowered perceptions of collaboration risks and thereby reduced uncertainty in the political mediation processes.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in residents of the Trans-Baikal Territory
Authors: Zhilina A A , Lareva N V , Luzina E V
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and lesions of the esophageal mucosa in residents of Zabaikalsky krai, taking into account ethnicity.

Methods. The first stage: 371 residents of Zabaikalsky krai over 18 years old, were door-to-door interviewed by using the GERD questionnaire (GerdQ). The respondents with 8 or more points were classified as having GERD symptoms. Additionally, we collected passport data, smoking status, alcohol and coffee consumption, anthropometric data and social status. The second stage: we analyzed 2130 upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy reports from Regional Clinical Hospital in Chita.

Results. 48 (12.9%) of 371 respondents had GERD symptoms. 135 (36.4%) respondents were Buryats, and 236 (63.6%) were non-Buryats, with the latter more often had GerdQ total score of 8 or more [38 (16.1%) non-Buryats and 10 (7.4%) Buryats, p=0.009]. The average age of non-Buryats respondents with GERD symptoms was 53.417.47 years and exceeded that in the group without symptoms (46.219.2 years), p=0.035. The age of Buryats with and without GERD symptoms did not differ (42.6711.52 and 37.8915.54 years, respectively, р=0.087). The prevalence of obesity, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption of respondents with and without GERD symptoms, both among Buryats and non-Buryats was the same. Of the 2130 patients who underwent endoscopy, 164 (7.8%) had morphological changes in the esophagus, 105 (4.9%) had erosive esophagitis (EE). Catarrhal and erosive changes in the esophagus were detected in 156 non-Buryats (91 men and 66 women) (7.7%), while EE was diagnosed in 97 (4.8%) patients. 6.5% (5 women and 3 men) Buryats had the esophagus pathology, which caused by erosion. It was found that in non-Buryats group EE develop more often in male respondents (p=0.0019). Only non-Buryats had catarrhal changes in the esophagus (37.8%, 59 people), p=0.0312. At the same time, the incidence of complicated disease course in groups with EE was the same (p=0.8934).

Conclusion. About 13% of residents of Zabaikalsky krai have weekly symptoms of GERD, male of a non-Buryat ethnic group are more likely to develop erosive esophagitis than women; the incidence of complications of esophagitis is the same in Buryats and non-Buryats respondents groups.
Dental morbidity in Russia
Authors: Salakhov A K , Ksembaev S S , Baykeev R F , Silagadze E M
Published: October 2020

At present, the most common dental diseases in most regions of Russia are caries, periodontal diseases, and dentofacial anomalies. A literature review was carried out on the prevalence of major dental diseases in Russian adult. The study aimed to analyze the literature on dental morbidity in Russia in the following areas: assessment of the prevalence, intensity, and treatment need of major dental diseases, depending on regional particularities, age, and sex differences. Caries and periodontal diseases are a major medical and social problem. The results of recent epidemiological studies have shown that almost the entire Russian adult has signs of these diseases. There is also a high rate of dental anomalies in children. The high prevalence of dental diseases indicates the need to strengthen the role of preventive work in the doctor's work. In conducting prevention program, it is important to consider the prevalence and intensity of major dental diseases which have pronounced regional particularities. Dental practice in recent years has shown that as a result of a targeted and effective preventive program, you can significantly reduce the level of dental morbidity.
When the Hydrophone Works as an Accelerometer
Authors: Iannaccone Giovanni , Pucciarelli Giuseppe , Guardato Sergio , Donnarumma Gian Paolo , Macedonio Giovanni , Beranzoli Laura
Published: October 2020

We show the equivalence of earthquake-induced ground acceleration and water-pressure waveforms for the case of collocated hydrophones and seafloor seismometers installed in shallow water. In particular, the comparison of the waveforms and amplitude spectra of the acceleration and water-pressure signals confirms the existence of a frequency range of “forced oscillations” in which the water-pressure variations are proportional to the vertical component of the ground acceleration. We demonstrate the equivalence of the acceleration and water-pressure signals for a set of local earthquakes (epicenter distance of a few tens of kilometers) and regional earthquakes with a wide range of magnitude (2.7<Mw<6.8), recorded by seismometers and hydrophones operating in shallow water (depth less than 80 m) in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy). We describe the “forced oscillations” theory, and we demonstrate the signals equivalence in the frequency range 0.1–10 Hz, thus extending the frequency range of application of the hydrophones as accelerometers. The high correlation between the ground acceleration, derived from the ground velocity, and hydrophone pressure signals in the mentioned frequency range enables the use of the hydrophone waveforms for standard seismological studies (i.e., earthquake source). The calibration of hydrophones by comparison with collocated accelerometers, or seismometers, is also enabled in a range of frequencies that is very difficult to reproduce in a laboratory. The results of our work also open the possibility of hydrophones being more extensively used in place of accelerometers in marine environments where accurate installation of seismic sensors is difficult or unaffordable.
Revisiting the Monster Tale: Frankensteinian Tropes in Margaret Atwood’s Speculative Fiction
Authors: Kosa Monika
Published: October 2020

Mary Shelley’s iconic Frankenstein is a pivotal work in the Western canon. Since its publication in 1818, the novel has been re-written and adapted many times. Shelley’s magnum opus sublimely evokes the postlapsarian condition of the fallen, while also capturing the imminent fear of technology, scientific progress and artificial procreation. The paper aims to explore the Frankenstein legacy and the development of Frankensteinian motifs in Atwood’s speculative fiction. More precisely, the paper focuses on The Handmaid’s Tale (1985), The MaddAddam Trilogy – Oryx and Crake (2003), The Year of the Flood (2009), MaddAddam (2013), and The Heart Goes Last (2015), analyzing how postmodern literature recycles and incorporates elements from Frankenstein to reflect (on) contemporary anxieties and to insist on the fluid discursivity of monstrosity.
Social Contexts of Indirect Requests in Polish and Hungarian
Authors: Veres-Guspiel Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the influence of social context on illocutionary metonymy in directives evoked by various elements of request scenarios. As the human language activity reflects the physical and social worlds of the intersubjective context (cf. Verschueren 1999), the recognized and construed social relations have an impact not only on addressive forms, but also on the appearance of other elements such as indirectness and its scalarity. Indirect directives are based on illocutionary metonymic scenarios (Panther and Thornburg 1998) and by evoking a part of the scenario referring to the core action they give access to the illocutionary scenario domain. The scalar nature of indirectness (Panther and Thornburg 1998, see also Panther and Thornburg 1999, 2007 and Thornburg and Panther 1997), depends on the number of evoked elements and their conceptual distance from the core of the request. It can be based on conventional grammatical structures (e.g. auxiliary verbs) or giving hints by only introducing the action scenario. As Veres-Guśpiel (2013) has shown the chosen type of indirectness is influenced by social context and the weight of a directive (for the latter, see also Csató and Pléh 1988, Pléh 2012). The main question of the presented research regards types of illocutionary metonymy, that can be experienced in various social contexts and what their frequency of use is.
Bibliotherapy and OCD: The Case of Turtles All The Way Down by John Green (2017)
Authors: Hall Michael
Published: October 2020

This case study uses three different frameworks of inquiry to examine Turtles All the Way Down by John Green (2017) with a disability lens. The analysis extends beyond the traditional medical/social dichotomy and considers how disability is tied to both agency and identity. Narratives and counter-narratives of disability are also investigated, as well as disability markers used in previous scholarship. The discussion concludes with an argument to include the novel in secondary English classes to create mental health allies. A consideration for medical humanities scholars is also included to use Green’s text with patients with OCD, as a way for readers to find an identifiable protagonist.
A critical review on the study of threatening in English
Authors: Zheng Yan , Zhao Yongfeng
Published: October 2020

Despite the fact that threatening in languages is common in ordinary verbal communication, it has not received much attention from academic studies because of its “negative” nature. Muschalik’s monograph Threatening in English: A Mixed Method Approach, mainly based on the theory of Face Threatening Speech Act by Brown and Levinson (1987), takes 301 categories of threatening expressions in judicial proceedings as the corpus with qualitative and quantitative methods, brings a new perspective for pragmatic research, especially speech act research, and deepens people’s understanding of relevant issues. Initiated by Muschalik’s book Threatening in English: A Mixed Method Approach, the paper is to make a critical review on the studies of threatening in English and propose some new directions for the study of threatening in languages.
Lignin Isolation from Black Liquor for Wastewater Quality Improvement and Bio-material Recovery
Authors:   the Aquatic Resources Research Institute (ARRI) and Marine ecology and utilization of marine resources research unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Yotwadee H. , Duangduen A. , Viboon S.
Published: October 2020

Spent pulping chemicals along with liberated lignin called black liquor are a major liquid waste stream from wood digestion process. For wastewater quality improvement, lignin residue could be isolated via various techniques. According to difference in chemical pulping process (kraft and soda), variations of organic and inorganic substance were suspended in waste stream. This research aims to investigate the effects of the cooking chemical on organic waste (lignin) in black liquor. Organic waste in black liquor was isolated as soda lignin (SL) from soda black liquor (SBL) and kraft lignin (KL) from kraft black liquor (KBL) by acidic precipitation. In addition, lignin model compound (LMC) was used to establish base case measurement. The elemental analysis revealed the similarity of C, H, and O content of samples in range of 32-33%, 3-4%, and 35-38%, respectively. FTIR results showed that structures of lignin, functional group and guaiacyl to syringyl ratio were vary depended on type of chemical pulping with β-O-4 as the primary composition of the samples. Moreover, Py-GC/MS technique was applied for analyzing the degradation products in order to corroborate the result with the structure and thermal behavior analysis. The TGA results showed high stability of lignin up to around 400°C. Main degraded compounds of all samples were phenol, vanillin, catechol, and guaiacol. This finding suggested that not only lignin which caused high BOD and COD could potentially be isolated for value added product but also the discharge quality could be improved. In addition, different chemical processes effect residual lignin in black liquor and underscore the importance of lignin in black liquor as a potential material for renewable energy and chemical production.
Sunjoto Shape Factor under Full Penetration Slug Test
Authors:   the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Aye Thinzar , Sunjoto S. , Luknanto Djoko
Published: October 2020

Sunjoto developed shape factor equations in order to determine the drawdown and hydraulic conductivity value. Many researchers had conducted research using these equations under the pump test. Moreover, most of the research used Sunjoto equations as the comparison with the other pump test equations. Since 1951, shape factor equations have been developed to determine hydraulic conductivity value under slug test which mainly focus on the dimension of well. Afterwards, many scientists and researchers developed shape factor equations including Sunjoto, Bouwer and Rice. Therefore, this research intends to use Sunjoto equation under the slug test. The comparison of hydraulic conductivity by constant head test and slug test has been conducted in this research. The comparison value is acceptable although there are difference values that were caused by disturb and Un-disturb sample.
The Study of Affective Value in Educational Video Production Style Using Kansei Engineering Method
Authors:   the Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, Naim Nur Faraha Bte Hj. Mohd. , Ibrahim Ag. Asri Ag.
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the emotional responses among higher institution learners towards the production style of an educational video. The video design concepts for each production style were categorized into three sections, non-linear video with visual effects (interactive video mobile-learning), linear video with visual effects (green screen) and linear video with no visual effects (screencast). The Kansei Engineering approach was used to measure the learners’ emotion reaction on each of the production style. Through Kansei Engineering method, the outcomes presented variance of active and passive emotion reaction towards the production style, difference feelings responses caused by the video design, whereas at the end most learners agreed that the inclusion of interactivity and aesthetics in video design will increase their motivation to learn from the educational video.
Exploring Students’ Feedback in Online Assessment System Using Opinion Mining Technique
Authors:   the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Wook Muslihah , Vasanthan Sharmelen , Ramli Suzaimah , Razali Noor Afiza Mat , Hasbullah Nor Asiakin , Zainudin Norulzahrah Mohd
Published: October 2020

Opinion mining has been widely used in recent online reviews or feedback due to its ability to analyse text-based data. The use of this technique for analysing data from students’ feedback needs to be addressed, since most educational institutions are focusing more on questionnaires based on the Likert-scale rather than on the open-review type. To this end, there is a lack of online assessment systems that could automatically analyse open-review questionnaires. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyse students’ feedback in an online assessment system through the opinion mining technique, by focusing on textual form data derived from the open-review questionnaires. To achieve this aim, an opinion mining feedback system, known as the OMFeedback, was developed. The Vader Sentiment Intensity Analyser was adapted for processing students’ feedback and the lexicon based approach was used for analysing the words. In addition, the OMFeedback incorporates the capitalisation of words and emoji features to enrich the capability of the system. This newly developed system could lead to new paradigms in educational institutions for enhancing students’ learning process and for guiding them through their learning journey.
Role of hysterolaparoscopy in management of infertility a retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Wadadekar Geeta S. , Inamdar Dattaprasad B. , Nimbargi Vandana R.
Published: October 2020

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of infertility is an elaborate process. The goal of treating clinician is to decide upon the plan of management best suited to the couple by selecting relevant investigations and procedures from available options. Objective was to determine the role of hysterolaparoscopy in the management of infertility.  Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary canter (Department of reproductive medicine and surgery) over a period of 12 months-January 2019 to December 2019. Women aged 20-40 years with primary or secondary infertility, except male factor infertility, undergoing hysterolaparoscopy were included. Results: Out of 41 cases, 71.84% patients had primary infertility. Common laparoscopic abnormalities were adhesions (36.5%) and endometriosis (17.07%) Hysteroscopy revealed polyps (9.7%) and intrauterine synechia (4.8%) as common pathologies. The diagnosed pathologies were dealt surgically in the same sitting. Plan of infertility treatment could be outlined in all patients based on intraoperative findings. Conclusion: Hysterolaparoscopy serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Various pelvic, peritoneal, tubal, endometrial and uterine factors can be diagnosed and treated at the same time. The clinician has to be well versed and skilled in selecting and performing the appropriate surgery. Clinical information gained from hysterolaparoscopy helps in decision making and designing individualized, evidence-based treatment plan can for the patients.
Gestational weight gain and its effect on fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Singh Khushboo , Goel Alka , Narain Anupriya
Published: October 2020

Background: In normal pregnancy, variable amount of weight gain is a constant phenomenon. The study aims to find an association between gestational weight gain and fetomaternal outcome. GWG (using institute of medicines guidelines meant for US population) and pregnancy outcomes among Asian Indians across different BMI categories (according to WHO Asia Pacific BMI cut points) were studied.Methods: 300 women were split into the three groups based on their gestational weight gain. Namely, below recommended GWG, recommended GWG and above recommended GWG group. Comparison of various fetomaternal outcomes was done between these groups.Results: In women, who had higher than recommended GWG, 30.5% developed GDM, 23.2% had gestational hypertensive disorder, 36.6% developed hypothyroidism, 12.2% had pre-term birth and 15.9% had low birth weight. In recommended GWG category, these were 5.4%, 4.5%, 30.6%, 7.2% and 17.1% respectively; and in below recommended category, these were 14%, 1.9%, 22.4%,12.1% and 24.3% respectively.Conclusions: GWG generally follows the BMI pattern at the time of entering into pregnancy, higher the BMI more the GWG. More GWG was associated with GDM, Gestational hypertensive disorders and poor APGAR at birth. Below recommended GWG was associated with higher occurrence of GDM. No statistical correlation, between GWG and mode of delivery, NICU stay, preterm birth and birth weight was observed. Larger study is required to establish the applicability of IOM Guidelines for GWG on Indian women.
Maternal sepsis- an audit in a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Shivananda Roopa P. , Bhanuteja Gurram , Rao Shubha , Hegde Nivedita , Paladugu Sangamithra , Vasudeva Akhila
Published: October 2020

Background: Objective of this study was to audit the cases of maternal sepsis and analyze their maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases of maternal sepsis was undertaken for one year. Cases were taken as infection with fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, low oxygen saturation, high or low white blood counts and clinical or laboratory evidence of organ dysfunction and were analyzed. Demographic profile, gestational age at the time of diagnosis, organisms & their sources of infection was noted. Maternal outcomes of abortion, preterm delivery, need for intensive care unit (ICU) / high dependency unit (HDU) stay, blood and blood products, surgical interventions for the control of infection, culture-positive rate, source of organism, antibiotic usage and maternal mortality were analyzed. Fetal outcomes of early fetal demise, preterm birth, intrauterine death, stillbirth and term birth were studied.  Results: There were a total of 2327 deliveries, with 2333 live births during the study period. Twenty-two cases were diagnosed with sepsis, of which 17 survived, and five died. The incidence of maternal sepsis was 9.4/1000 live births & maternal deaths were 22.7%. Ninety percent were in the age group of 21-39 years, 68% were referred, 59% were post-delivery. Fifty nine percent of women who survived, and none of the women who died had medical co-morbidities. Respiratory tract followed by genitourinary tract were the most common source of infection, though culture was negative in 54.5% of the cases. The organisms grown were varied, with Escherichia coli (3/10) contributing to 30% of the culture positive cases. Spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery were 18% each, 36% required surgical intervention, 81% required ICU and 64.7 HDU stay. Seventy-seven had live birth.Conclusions: Maternal sepsis is an evolving preventable health burden. Early recognition requires a high index of clinical suspicion, even in the absence of risk factors. Mortality to morbidity ratio is very high in maternal sepsis. The timing of sepsis determines the fetal outcomes.
Retrospective analysis of breech deliveries in tertiary care center
Authors: Sankaran Suneela Mullakkal , Pillai Jayasree Sukumara Sukumara
Published: October 2020

Background: Breech presentation is the commonest malpresentation accounting for 3-4% of all deliveries at term. The most common cause for breech presentation is preterm delivery. The safest route of delivery for breech had long been a topic of debate and after the results of term breech trial mode of delivery has become abdominal route even in teaching institutions.Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government medical college, Kozhikode, for a period of 2 years from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2017. Mothers with gestational age between 28 weeks to 41 weeks with singleton live fetus with breech presentation who had either vaginal or caesarean delivery were included. The case notes were retrieved from the medical records department.Results: A total of 823 breech deliveries occurred during the study period. Of the total mothers 429 were primies and 394 were multies. Common causes identified were prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, uterine and fetal anomalies. Mode of delivery was caesarean in more than 80% of cases.Conclusions: Incidence of breech presentation was 3.2% during the study period. Increasing incidence of caesarean delivery is seen in breech presentation. Persistent breech presentation at term is most commonly seen in patients with associated oligamnios, intrauterine growth restriction, and uterine anomalies.
Antepartum hemorrhage and its fetomaternal outcome: a retrospective study
Authors: Gandhi Saloni K. , Vamja Ayushi P. , Chauhan Kishor P.
Published: October 2020

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is defined as any bleeding from or into the genital tract after the period of viability and before the delivery of the baby. Aim of the research was to study the fetomaternal outcome in patients with APH.Methods: The present study was a retrospective observational study undertaken in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Dhiraj General Hospital, during a period of 1.5 years from November 2018 to May 2020 in 84 cases of antepartum hemorrhage. Only patients with APH >28 weeks gestational age and willing to participate in study were included. Open STAT statistical software has been used to analyse the data in this study.Results: The incidence of antepartum hemorrhage was 2.86%. Maximum patients of APH lie between the age group of 26-34 years. In abruptio placenta (AP) 65% and in placenta previa (PP) 77.2% of the patients were multiparous. APH presents mostly between 34-36 weeks. Around 90% patients of APH required blood transfusion. APH overall shows increased rate of cesarean sections upto 62%. Around 9.5% patients went into shock, 4.7% had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 3.5% postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and 8.3% had wound gap and peurperial pyrexia. 23.8% babies had asphyxia of which 60% were contributed to PP and 40% were in AP group. Respiratory distress syndrome was in 7.1% babies of which both groups equally contributed. Septicemia was seen in 13% and jaundice in 29.8%.Conclusions: Higher rates of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and stay were seen with these complications. This study showed 20.2% perinatal deaths as outcome of APH and 14.2% still births.
A comparative study of the effectiveness of placental blood drainage versus no placental blood drainage in active management of third stage of labor at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mittal Charul , Choudhary Jaya , Agarwal Akshi , Tiwari Kalpana
Published: October 2020

Background: WHO defines postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) as when blood loss is greater than or equal to 500 ml within 24 hours after birth. When blood loss is greater than or equal to 1000 ml within 24 hourrs, it is called as severe primary postpartum haemorrhage. Placental blood drainage is done by clamping and cutting of umbilical cord after birth of baby followed by unclamping the maternal side of cord so the blood can drain freely into a container.Methods: 200 patients were studied in current research finding. Study group had 100 patients whose placental blood drainage was done and control group had 100 patients whose placental blood drainage was not done. This study was done to analyze the effectiveness of placental blood drainage in reducing blood loss.Results: The duration of third stage of labor was 295.70 seconds in study group and 475.20 seconds in control group. The amount of blood loss in study group was 273.76 ml and 294.92 ml in control group. p value was found to be significant. Incidence of PPH in study group was 1% and 8% in control group.Conclusions: Placenta blood drainage was safe and simple. It is a non invasive method very useful to prevent PPH. It reduces the duration of third stage of labor and reduces amount of blood loss.
A rare case report of gestational trophoblastic disease in peri menopausal women
Authors: U. Nagashree , Suresh Wahida
Published: October 2020

Benign gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) generally occurs in reproductive age group women; but is extremely rare in peri and post-menopausal women. We report a case of molar pregnancy in a 48-year-old lady with complaints of bleeding per vaginum with severe pain abdomen. The intention was to highlight the need to include GTD as a possible cause of abnormal bleeding per vaginum in peri and post-menopausal women. So early diagnosis and management with proper follow up is possible. It stresses the need for early recognition to avoid high malignant sequelae.
TANZİMAT’TAN CUMHURİYET’E TRABZON’DA KAMU GÖREVLİLERİ
Authors: İPEK Nedim
Published: October 2020

Osmanlı kamu idaresinde tarihi süreçte büyük değişimler olmuştur. Bu süreci geleneksel ve modern olmak üzere ikiye ayırabiliriz. Geleneksel dönemde toplum askerî ve reaya olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktaydı. Bununla beraber her iki unsur arasında geçişgenlik vardı. Bu dönemde Anadolu ve Rumeli’nin farklı yerleşmelerinden gelen kişiler Trabzon’da istihdam imkanı bulduğu gibi Trabzonlular da ülkenin değişik noktalarında seyfiye, ilmiye ve kalemiyeye dahil olabilmişlerdir. Modern dönemde ise sivil ahali ile kamu görevlisi arasındaki geçirgenlik daha da kolaylaşmıştır. Trabzonlular özellikle Tanzimat döneminde ilk eğitimini müteakip mülazım sıfatıyla resmî dairelerde staj yapmaktaydılar. Bu süreçte başarılı bulunanlar aynı daireye veya sair bürolara kâtip veya memur olarak atanmaktaydılar. Bu şekilde göreve başlayan Trabzon asıllı memurlar Trabzon’da veya ülkenin sair yerlerinde çalışabilmişlerdir. Keza yabancı nüfusa kayıtlı olanlar da Trabzon’da görev alabilmiştir.
OSMANLI TAŞRASINDA YAŞAMIŞ BİR YENİÇERİ: SÜLEYMAN SİNOBÎ (Ö. 1247/1832) VE NÜSHASININ GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: YAYLA Mustafa Altuğ
Published: October 2020

16. yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı dünyasında mecmuaların kullanımının arttığı bilinmektedir. Fakat mecmua ve benzeri nüshalar üzerine yapılan çalışmaların, edisyonlar da dahil olmak üzere, bir hayli kısıtlı olduğu malumdur. Halbuki bu tarz nüshalar yardımıyla Osmanlı dünyasında yaşamış kişilerin ilgi alanlarına, dünya algılarına ve hayat hikayelerine ilişkin bulgular toplayıp onların yaşamları hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulabilir. İşte bu makale Samsun İl Halk Kütüphanesi’nde 925 numarasıyla kayıtlı olan ve içerisinde çok sayıda risale ve kişisel not barındıran bir nüshadan yola çıkarak 19. yüzyıl başlarında Sinop’ta yaşamış Yeniçeri Süleyman’ın yaşamını anlamada ilk adımı atacaktır. Makale ilk olarak nüshanın fiziksel özelliklerinin genel bir değerlendirmesini sunacak ve onun nasıl sınıflandırılabileceği konusunda bazı iddialarda bulunacaktır. Sonra ise nüshanın Süleyman’ın yaşamı anlamadaki potansiyelini göstermek için eldeki verilerden yola çıkarak önce onun hayat hikâyesi hakkındaki verileri değerlendirecek ve takiben de onun ilgi dünyası hakkında elimizde olan malumatı genel hatlarıyla ortaya koyacaktır.
GASTRONOMİ TURİZMİ KAPSAMINDA TRABZON MUTFAĞINA ÖZGÜ BİR ÜRÜN “KUYMAK”
Authors: ŞEN Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2020

Türk mutfak kültürü, gastronomi turizmi açısından çok zengin bir potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Bu potansiyelin içinde Trabzon mutfağı, mutfak kültürü ve yöreye özgü pek çok farklı ürünü bünyesinde barındırması sebebiyle önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Trabzon’da üretilen ve yöreye özgü olan peynirin, tereyağının ve mısır ununun kullanılmasıyla elde edilen ve sıcak tüketilmesi gereken kuymağın gastronomi turizmi açısından önemi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Trabzon’un Ortahisar, Arsin, Tonya, Akçaabat, Düzköy ilçelerinde Ağustos – Eylül 2019 tarihlerinde kuymak yapan, tüketen, değirmencilik yapan toplam 13 kişiyle gözlem ve yüzyüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlar sonucunda; kuymağın yapılışı esnasındaki detayların, hammadde olarak kullanılması gereken bileşenlerin, ürünün farklı tariflerinin ve süreçte geçirdiği değişim aşamalarının ardından turizm açısından önemli bir gastronomik öğe olduğu sonuca varılmıştır.
Epidemiology and phenotype variation in young diabetes patients
Authors: Arya Shivani , Panchal Dharmendra , Saboo Banshi
Published: October 2020

More and more people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a younger age nowadays. It is need of an hour to study epidemiology and phenotype variations in this group.

To study phenotype among the young diabetes population.

We retrospectively analysed data of all type 2 diabetes patients attending OPD from Jan 2019 to march 2019. Total 106 patients attended OPD during this period. BMI, PBF (% BODY FAT), VFI (Visceral fat index), Hba1c, Triglyceride, LDL and NON HDL, Total Calorie intake and % daily carbohydrate intake were reviewed for all 106 patients. All 106 subjects were divided in two groups based on their age; group A age ≤ 40 years (n=33), group B age > 40 years (n=73). Group B was further divided into group B1 (age 41-60 years) (n=58) and group B2 (age ≥ 61 year) (n=15). Average of BMI, Body fat analysis and biochemical parameters were compared between these two groups. Student's T test was used to calculate the p value for all parameters.

We analysed data of all 106 patients and average of BMI, PBF, VFI, HbA1c, TG, LDL, NON HDL, TOTAL CALORIES, % Carbohydrate was compared between Group A and Group B. Average TG, LDL, NON HDL and % daily carbohydrate intake were higher in group A as compared to total as well as group B. out of this all parameters NON HDL and % of daily carbohydrate intake was higher in group A as compared to group B [(NON HDL (p value 0.0412); % carbohydrate intake (p value 0.064)]. In sub analysis the difference was more significant in group B2 (NON HDL) p value 0.0118; % of carbohydrate intake (p value 0.0275).

NON HDL level and % of daily carbohydrate intake are significantly associated with a young Type 2 diabetes population (≤ 40 years) as compared to the adult population particularly type 2 diabetes population with age ≥ 60 years. NON HDL cholesterol and % of daily carbohydrate intake can be more easy targets to reduce prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the younger population. However, it may require further research in mass population.
Effect of use residual sludge from watertreatment plants as a partial substitute forclay for refractory bricks production
Authors: Sarabia-Guarín Alejandra , Sánchez-Molina Jorge , Bermúdez-Carrillo Juan Carlos
Published: October 2020

The sludge generated from water treatment has been classified as a potential environmental pollutant. Because of its chemical composition similar to clay, was proposed to evaluate the effect of its incorporation as a partial substitute for traditional clay materials in the manufacture of aluminosilicate refractory bricks. The raw materials used were characterized by XRD and XRF; the prototypes designed were mixed, extruded, dried and firing at 1200°C, evaluating their linear shrinkage, apparent density, porosity, water absorption and mechanical and pyroscopic resistance (melting cone softening point). The results show the addition of 10% of sludges from industrial water treatment plant, contributedto elevate the softening point the clay that obtaining a refractory brick capable to supporting a temperature up to 1430 °C
Gestión de la obsolescencia de activos digitales en el sector eléctrico
Authors: Peláez-Parra Andrea , Zapata-Madrigal Germán Dario , García-Sierra Rodolfo
Published: October 2020

Dadas las diferencias entreactivos físicos y activos de TI (también llamados activos digitales), se propone una metodología para gestionar la obsolescencia de los activos digitales, que busca apoyar la toma de decisiones basado en el riesgo de obsolescencia. El objetivo es identificar la probabilidad y el impacto de la obsolescencia sobre cada activo para determinar las acciones que deben ejecutarse.Se implementaron algunos pasos de la metodología en cuatro activos digitales que se emplean en el sector eléctrico colombiano. La metodología puede ser usada y adaptada por cualquier empresa para gestionar losactivos de TI, ya sea hardware o software
Simulación numérica de la convecciónnatural turbulenta en torno a esferas
Authors: Arévalo-Ramírez Rubén , Carreño-Suárez Juan
Published: October 2020

La mayor parte de las investigaciones que se han realizado sobre la convección natural han abordado su estudio en la región laminar y no se ha dirigido mucha atención a la convección natural turbulenta que suele presentarse cuando el número de Rayleigh supera un cierto valor crítico. Estudios recientes han mostrado que las correlaciones existentes para esta región suelen ser poco precisas. Por otra parte, el tratamiento numérico de este problema presenta dificultades relacionadas con el modelo de turbulencia usado, ya que se está en presencia de una capa límite laminar-turbulenta en un entorno laminar, por lo cual, el modelo laminar subestimará la transferencia de calor, mientras los modelos turbulentos la sobreestimarán. Modelos transicionales y otras opciones están disponibles, pero están diseñados para entornos turbulentos. El presente trabajo plantea la solución numérica mediante el programa computacional Ansys Fluent de la convección laminar turbulenta en torno a esferas sin modelo de turbulencia (modelolaminar) y usando un modelo de turbulencia k-ε para bajos números de Reynolds. El trabajo permitió caracterizar los números de Rayleigh a partir de los cuales empieza a ocurrir el cambio de capa límite laminar a turbulenta, así como la posición del desprendimiento de la capa límite. Los valores obtenidos para la transferencia de calor con el modelo laminar muestran muy buena concordancia con experimentos y correlaciones para bajos números de Rayleigh, pero pierde precisión a partir de cierto valor de Rayleigh, aspecto que pudo corregirse satisfactoriamente incorporando el modelo de turbulencia utilizado
Diseño de una red backhaul autogestionable para conectividad rural en Sucre -Colombia
Authors: Cortés Claudia Lucía , Montaño-Argote Mauricio Alejandro , Osorio Alejandra María , Guerrero-González Neil
Published: October 2020

Este artículo aborda el diseño e implementación de una red de telecomunicaciones de retorno (backhaul) en la región de Sucre (Colombia) como una solución disruptiva para extender la conectividad desde la red central ubicada en el municipio de Chalán a las comunidades rurales de Chalán y Ovejas. La conectividad a Internet se entregará a través de una tecnología de telecomunicaciones inalámbrica autogestionable conocida como WiBACK, que admitirá la tecnología futura de comunicación5G. Los resultados de la investigación diseñarán la hoja de ruta y la evaluación comparativa de los escenarios de expansión de la red de acceso colombiana de banda ancha en escenarios de postconflicto
Методологические аспекты формирования экологической политики в условиях городской среды
Authors: Селютина Лариса Григорьевна , Песоцкая Елена Владимировна , Черных Андрей Николаевич
Published: October 2020

В статье рассматриваются актуальные экологические составляющие современной градосистемы. Характеризуются особенности экологической политики, исследуются методологические основы ее формирования и реализации. Выделяются основные методологические принципы экологической политики, раскрывается их содержание и возможность использования в управленческом инструментарии экологической политики в условиях городской среды. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию проблемы развития сферы туризма в условиях экологизации экономики города. Раскрывается суть понятия «экологизация туристской деятельности», характеризуются направления ее реализации с выделением управленческого аспекта. Показана необходимость разработки планов и программ экологизации туризма на основе анализа взаимовлияния функционирования сферы туризма и состояния окружающей среды.
Survival and Behavior of Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Florida Sugarcane Soils
Authors: Karounos Michael , Cherry Ron , McCray Mabry , Ji Shangning
Published: October 2020

Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are major economic pests of Florida sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid). The corn wireworm, Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal), is the most important wireworm pest of Florida sugarcane occurring in both sandy and muck soils. The objective of this study was to determine survivability, preference, and dispersal of wireworms in sandy and muck soils. There was no significant difference in starved wireworm survival between the soils after 2 mo. However, the starved wireworms gained more weight in muck soil than in sand. Wireworms dispersed at similar rates toward oat baits in both soil types. Interestingly, in free choice tests wireworms showed a high preference to reside in muck versus sandy soil, which corresponds to the greater wireworm weight change found in muck versus sandy soil. The high preference for muck and greater weight gain in muck found in this study partially explains why M. communis is more abundant in muck soils than in sandy soils in Florida sugarcane.
Incidence and Abundance of Bees and Wasps (Hymenoptera) in Centipedegrass Lawns in Georgia
Authors: Joseph Shimat V. , Harris-Shultz Karen , Jespersen David , Vermeer Brian , Julian Caleb
Published: October 2020

We surveyed the occurrence of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) in nine centipedegrass lawns in central and south Georgia in 2019 that had no prior exposure to insecticides. In each lawn, an area of 9.3 m2 was marked and not mowed while the remainder of the lawn area was mowed regularly. When each centipedegrass lawn reached anthesis, pan traps filled with soapy water were placed in nonmowed and mowed areas of each lawn. After 3 d, trap contents were collected and transported to the laboratory for insect sorting and identification. Each lawn site was sampled 3–5 times. Of 173 total bees collected from the centipedegrass lawns, 79.2% were Lasioglossum spp. followed by 6.9% Halictus and 4% Melissodes. Only four Bombus spp. were collected, while other bees collected were Augochlorella spp., Agapostemon spp., Megachile, Apis, Peponapis, Ceratina, Ptilothrix, Svastra, and Nomia spp. Most of the Lasioglossum spp. were collected in August (48.6%) and September (26.6%). Lasioglossum spp. were sampled from all centipedegrass lawns; however, Halictus spp. and Melissodes spp. were collected only from one lawn in south Georgia. Captures were similar regardless of collection from mowed or nonmowed areas. Most of the bees were collected in pan traps that were blue or yellow in color; whereas, wasps were captured primarily in yellow-colored traps.
Los órganos internacionales como herramienta en la lucha contra la pobreza en España después de la Gran Recesión (2008-2014)
Authors: Avellaneda San Antonio Silvia
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo analiza las conclusiones y recomendaciones de órganos de Naciones Unidas y del Consejo de Europa, derivadas de los últimos informes periódicos de España, sobre la situación de los derechos directamente conectados con la pobreza: el derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado y a la protección económica y social. La conclusión es que estos órganos han mostrado su preocupación por la persistencia de altos niveles de pobreza en los años de recuperación económica y se han pronunciado sobre asuntos como la vivienda o las prestaciones; en términos de Derecho y de Derechos Humanos. El objetivo es contribuir al enfoque de los derechos humanos de la pobreza en España, argumentando que la lucha contra ella y la mejora de cuestiones concretas como la protección económica, la vivienda pública o la redistribución no son solo asuntos de agenda política sino también de cumplimiento de obligaciones internacionales contraídas por nuestro país.Recibido: 11 marzo 2020Aceptado: 14 septiembre 2020Publicación en línea: Artículos en Prensa 23 octubre 2020
Contabilidad creativa, una puerta abierta a la corrupción: aproximación a partir de la percepción de tres profesionales en contaduría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá
Authors: Castro Solórzano Yohaira Carolina
Published: October 2020

A partir de una entrevista realizada a tres profesionales en contaduría publica, se busca dar sustento empírico al análisis documental de la contabilidad creativa y su relación con la corrupción, en especial los hechos que están asociados con el delito contable. Por lo anterior se construye una red semántica a través de la herramienta de análisis Atlas. Ti, y se identifican elementos que interrelacionados han permitido la proliferación de esta problemática; finalmente, se concluye como hacer frente a esta situación, resaltando como principal causa la subordinación sobre el criterio profesional del contador.
Somatic embryogenesis in Larix: the state of art and perspectives
Authors: Shmakov V. N. , Konstantinov Yu. M.
Published: October 2020

Clonal propagation of conifers using somatic embryogenesis is essential for the selection of tree species, and for the implementation of afforestation and reforestation. In combination with cryopreservation, somatic embryogenesis creates the basis for the development of economically valuable lines of clones and elite genotypes. The industrial use of such genetically verified clone lines in forestry can significantly increase forest productivity compared to any conventional methods for improving tree crops that are available. Larch is considered as one of the main conifer candidates for large-scale reforestation, not only due to the vastness of its habitat, but also due to the unique quality of its wood, rapid growth and high ecological plasticity. However, the vast majority of larch species are characterized by uneven yields and extremely low seed quality. In this regard, obtaining planting material for reforestation from larch seeds on seed plantations is not advisable, but can be successfully implemented in afforestation programs using somatic embryogenesis technologies. Research on the somatic embryogenesis of larch has been conducted for over 30 years, which allowed considerable experience in this field to be accumulated. To date, the conditions for the initiation and maintenance of embryogenic cultures, as well as for the formation and development of somatic embryos have been determined. Significant progress has been made in the study of both the factors affecting these processes and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the various stages of embryogenesis. Nevertheless, despite the successes achieved, knowledge available today on the somatic embryogenesis of representatives of the genus Larix is still not enough to develop technologies for producing valuable plant-breeding material in vitro. This review analyzes the current state of research on the problem of somatic embryogenesis of representatives of the genus Larix. Particular attention is paid to the choice of explants for somatic embryogenesis, the composition of the media for cultivation, the dependence of the potential of somatic embryogenesis on the duration of cultivation, and the genetic control of somatic embryogenesis.