bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural signatures of
Escherichia coli
chemoreceptor signaling states revealed by cellular crosslinking
Authors: Flack Caralyn E. , Parkinson John S.
Published: July 2022

The chemotaxis machinery of
Escherichia coli
has served as a model for exploring the molecular signaling mechanisms of transmembrane chemoreceptors known as methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). Yet, fundamental questions about signal transmission through MCP molecules remain unanswered. Our work with the
E. coli
serine chemoreceptor Tsr has developed in vivo reporters that distinguish kinase-OFF and kinase-ON structures in the cytoplasmic methylation helix (MH) cap, which receives stimulus signals from an adjoining, membrane-proximal histidine kinase, adenylyl cyclases, MCPs, and phosphatases (HAMP) domain. The cytoplasmic helices of the Tsr homodimer interact mainly through packing interactions of hydrophobic residues at
a
and
d
heptad positions. We investigated the in vivo crosslinking properties of Tsr molecules bearing cysteine replacements at functionally tolerant
g
heptad positions in the N-terminal and C-terminal cap helices. Upon treatment of cells with bismaleimidoethane (BMOE), a bifunctional thiol-reagent, Tsr-G273C/Q504C readily formed a doubly crosslinked product in the presence of serine but not in its absence. Moreover, a serine stimulus combined with BMOE treatment during in vivo Förster resonance energy transfer–based kinase assays locked Tsr-G273C/Q504C in kinase-OFF output. An OFF-shifting lesion in MH1 (D269P) promoted the formation of the doubly crosslinked species in the absence of serine, whereas an ON-shifting lesion (G268P) suppressed the formation of the doubly crosslinked species. Tsr-G273C/Q504C also showed output-dependent crosslinking patterns in combination with ON-shifting and OFF-shifting adaptational modifications. Our results are consistent with a helix breathing-axial rotation-bundle repacking signaling mechanism and imply that in vivo crosslinking tools could serve to probe helix-packing transitions and their output consequences in other regions of the receptor molecule.
What do quantum computing students need to know about quantum physics?
Authors: Bungum Berit , Selstø Sølve
Published: July 2022

Quantum computing is a rapidly developing technology, and we are experiencing an urgent need for experts in the field. However, there is a lack of traditions, research, and development on to what extent, and how, information technology students without a background in physics should be taught quantum physics. This paper contributes to the field by suggesting key topics in a course for information technology students on the master’s level. We have identified a core content of eight key topics, ranging from content purely from quantum physics and the formalism of quantum mechanics to its use in quantum algorithms and coding. The proposed content forms part of a master’s course developed for information technology students at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. By means of group interviews and questionnaires to students, the students’ experiences of the course are investigated. Results indicate that information technology students are capable, and interested in, learning quantum physics for the purpose of education in quantum computing. An integrated approach, where students learn quantum physics and quantum computing in the same course is found to work well for most students. However, as the challenge is extensive for some, it is important to make the purpose of each component of the content clear.
PDMS membrane-based flexible bi-layer microfluidic device for blood oxygenation
Authors: Narendran G , Hoque S Z , Satpathi N S , Nampoothiri K N , Sen A K
Published: July 2022

We report the fabrication and experimental study of a flexible bi-layer microfluidic device for blood oxygenation, mimicking the thin alveolar exchange barrier constituting a lung. A facile technique is employed to fabricate the device by sandwiching a thin polymeric membrane as the gas exchange layer between two flexible microchannels. A numerical model coupling the mass, momentum, and species transport equations, is used to simulate oxygen diffusion between the blood and oxygen channels across the gas exchange membrane. The oxygen saturation is experimentally measured at different locations in the blood channel along the flow direction and compared against the simulation results, which show a very good agreement. The effect of blood and oxygen flow rates, channel height, and membrane thickness on the variations in oxygen concentration in the blood and oxygen channels and the diffusion membrane are studied. The outcome of the present study may find relevance in the development of organ-on-chip devices for blood oxygenation.
A comprehensive model for Doppler spectra in thermal atomic vapour
Authors: Bala Rajni , Ghosh Joyee , Venkataraman Vivek
Published: July 2022

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the Doppler-broadened absorption spectrum of the D2-line (52
S
1/2 → 52
P
3/2) in thermal (room-temperature) Rb vapour over a wide range of probe intensity, probe diameter, and vapour cell temperature to understand the effect of hyperfine pumping and transit-relaxation on the absorption lineshape. We present a relatively simple but comprehensive five-level rate equation model which incorporates optical pumping of the atomic population into the other ‘dark’ ground hyperfine level (leading to absorption saturation), including contributions of the three closely spaced (within one Doppler linewidth) hyperfine levels in the excited state 52
P
3/2 (allowed by the dipole transition selection rules). D2-line transmission spectra predicted by our model show excellent agreement (rms error

<
5
%

) with the experimental data for a wide range of probe intensities (from

∼
0.001

I

s
a
t
0

all the way up to

∼
10

I

s
a
t
0

, where I
sat0 is the usual two-level saturation intensity for the respective atomic transition), vapour cell temperatures (24.2°C–53.5 °C) and beam diameters (1/e
2 width

∼
1
−
6

mm). Our model also takes into account the finite transit time of atoms across the probe beam cross-section, and correctly predicts the dependence of effective saturation intensity on probe diameter (up to

∼
10
×

lower saturation intensity as compared to I
sat0 for few-mm beam sizes). This ab initio five-level model can thus predict accurate Doppler lineshapes for any given experimental parameter set for a linearly polarized probe without any fitting parameters, and can be easily applied to any other atomic system by an appropriate change of the atomic constants in the rate equations.
The PDF4LHC21 combination of global PDF fits for the LHC Run III*
Authors: Ball Richard D , Butterworth Jon , Cooper-Sarkar Amanda M , Courtoy Aurore , Cridge Thomas , De Roeck Albert , Feltesse Joel , Forte Stefano , Giuli Francesco , Gwenlan Claire , Harland-Lang Lucian A , Hobbs T J , Hou Tie-Jiun , Huston Joey , McNulty Ronan , Nadolsky Pavel M , Nocera Emanuele R , Rabemananjara Tanjona R , Rojo Juan , Thorne Robert S , Xie Keping , Yuan C-P , The PDF4LHC Working Group
Published: July 2022

A precise knowledge of the quark and gluon structure of the proton, encoded by the parton distribution functions (PDFs), is of paramount importance for the interpretation of high-energy processes at present and future lepton–hadron and hadron–hadron colliders. Motivated by recent progress in the PDF determinations carried out by the CT, MSHT, and NNPDF groups, we present an updated combination of global PDF fits: PDF4LHC21. It is based on the Monte Carlo combination of the CT18, MSHT20, and NNPDF3.1 sets followed by either its Hessian reduction or its replica compression. Extensive benchmark studies are carried out in order to disentangle the origin of the differences between the three global PDF sets. In particular, dedicated fits based on almost identical theory settings and input datasets are performed by the three groups, highlighting the role played by the respective fitting methodologies. We compare the new PDF4LHC21 combination with its predecessor, PDF4LHC15, demonstrating their good overall consistency and a modest reduction of PDF uncertainties for key LHC processes such as electroweak gauge boson production and Higgs boson production in gluon fusion. We study the phenomenological implications of PDF4LHC21 for a representative selection of inclusive, fiducial, and differential cross sections at the LHC. The PDF4LHC21 combination is made available via the LHAPDF library and provides a robust, user-friendly, and efficient method to estimate the PDF uncertainties associated to theoretical calculations for the upcoming Run III of the LHC and beyond.
Radiation exposure, organ and effective dose of CT-guided liver biopsy as a function of lesion depth and size
Authors: Zensen Sebastian , Opitz Marcel Klaus , Grueneisen Johannes Stefan , Li Yan , Haubold Johannes , Steinberg Hannah Louisa , Forsting Michael , Theysohn Jens Matthias , Bos Denise , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
Published: July 2022

Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsies play an important role in the diagnostic workup of liver lesions. Because radiation dose accumulates rapidly due to repeated image acquisition in a relatively small scan area, analysing radiation exposure is critical for improving radiation protection of CT-guided interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the radiation dose of CT-guided liver biopsies and the influence of lesion parameters, and to establish a local diagnostic reference level (DRL). In this observational retrospective cohort study, dose data of 60 CT-guided liver biopsies between September 2016 and July 2017 were analysed. Radiation exposure was reported for volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol), size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED). Radiation dose of CT-guided liver biopsy was (median (interquartile range)): CTDIvol 9.91 mGy (8.33–11.45 mGy), SSDE 10.42 mGy (9.39–11.70 mGy), DLP 542 mGy cm (410–733 mGy cm), ED 8.52 mSv (7.17–13.25 mSv). Radiation exposure was significantly higher in biopsies of deep liver lesions compared to superficial lesions (DLP 679 ± 285 mGy cm vs. 497 ± 167 mGy cm, p = 0.0046). No significant dose differences were observed for differences in lesion or needle size. With helical CT spirals additional to the biopsy-guiding axial CT scans, radiation exposure was significantly increased: 797 ± 287 mGy cm vs. 495 ± 162 mGy cm, p < 0.0001. The local DRL is CTDIvol 9.91 mGy, DLP 542 mGy cm. Radiation dose is significantly increased in biopsies of deeper liver lesions compared with superficial lesions. Interventions with additional biopsy-guiding CT spirals lead to higher radiation doses. This study provides a detailed analysis of local radiation doses for CT-guided liver biopsies and provides a benchmark for optimising radiation protection in interventional radiology.
Multimodal convolutional neural network model with information fusion for intelligent fault diagnosis in rotating machinery
Authors: Ma Yiming , Wen Guojun , Cheng Siyi , He Xin , Mei Shuang
Published: July 2022

Accurate and efficient fault diagnosis in rotating machinery has long been important and challenging, as it strongly affects the system reliability and safety of industrial applications. In recent years, deep-learning-based methods are developing rapidly and have been widely used in different areas. However, most of them are data-driven and focus on the architecture and design of convolutional neural network (CNN) models, while neglecting the representation of information itself. The intrinsic characteristics of the signal can not fully explored. Moreover, rich multidirectional information hidden inside the signal, which is the key to improving the predictive performance of the entire fault diagnosis model, has usually been ignored. In this work, we propose a multimodal neural-network-based model to pursue feature representation more efficiently and effectively and further improve the diagnostic performance. This method innovatively combines continuous wavelet transform and symmetrized dot pattern graphs through the channel information fusion mechanism after the two-dimensional domain modal transformation of the time-domain signal. The integration of one- and two-dimensional convolutions could fully utilize the feature extraction capability of CNN for multimodal signals, thus forming a multimodal CNN architecture under two-level information fusion. The experiment results prove that the designed model can achieve better performance than the traditional single-modal CNN structure.
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on impact feature extraction deep neural network
Authors: Hu Aijun , Sun Junhao , Xiang Ling , Xu Yonggang
Published: July 2022

Gears and bearings are important components in rotating machinery and are crucial for the safety and operation of the whole mechanical system. Intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on deep-learning algorithms have undergone rapid development in recent years. Despite this, integrating fault features in a deep network construction remains a challenge for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. In this paper, a novel impact feature extraction deep neural network (IFE-DN) is proposed for intelligent gear and bearing fault diagnosis. An improved three-layer Laplace wavelet kernel convolutional neural network (LW-CNN), where the Laplace wavelet kernel is designed in the first convolutional layer, is constructed to extract and enhance the impact features in the vibration signal. Using a visualized heat map, the physical meaning of the LW-CNN’s extracted features is explained and the interpretability of the network model is enhanced. The wavelet function selection in the deep neural network is also discussed. The extracted features are transferred to a primary capsule layer and a digital capsule layer. With a feature vector converting process and dynamic routing algorithm, more detailed features are optimized and the fault types are classified. Four experimental data sets from different laboratories are used to verify the performance of the proposed model, and t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding is carried out to visually analyze the extracted features in different layers. The results of the analysis of gear and bearing faults of different types and defect sizes show that the IFE-DN presents significant accuracy and satisfactory generalization ability.
ADHM skyrmions
Authors: Cork Josh , Halcrow Chris
Published: July 2022

We propose, via the Atiyah–Manton approximation, a framework for studying skyrmions onR3using Atiyah–Drinfeld–Hitchin–Manin (ADHM) data for Yang–Mills instantons onR4. We provide a dictionary between important concepts in the Skyrme model and analogous ideas for ADHM data, and describe an efficient process for obtaining approximate Skyrme fields directly from ADHM data. We show that the approximation successfully describes all known skyrmions with chargeB⩽8, with energies reproduced within 2% of the true minimisers. We also develop factorisation methods for studying clusters of instantons and skyrmions, generalising early work by Christ–Stanton–Weinberg, and describe some relatively large families of explicit ADHM data. These tools provide a unified framework for describing coalesced highly-symmetric configurations as well as skyrmion clusters, both of which are needed to study nuclear systems in the Skyrme model.
Shedding light on boundaries: re-sequencing Snell’s law instruction to first build conceptual understanding
Authors: McGregor Sarah L , Pleasants Jacob
Published: July 2022

Refraction is a foundational concept within introductory physics. Physics students need a deep understanding of refraction, including Snell’s Law, in order to progress towards more complex optics topics such as lenses and images. Unfortunately, many physics students obtain only a superficial understanding of refraction. Although many students can use Snell’s Law to perform basic calculations, the mathematical relationship is often divorced from students’ conceptual knowledge, which often harbours misconceptions. In this article, we describe a sequence of instructional activities that we have used in an introductory optics course that aims to address common issues of students’ learning of optics. Instead of leading with Snell’s Law and emphasising calculations, the instructional sequence places conceptual understanding in the foreground. Mathematical representations are introduced only after students have developed a conceptual foundation; in this way, mathematics becomes integrated with students’ conceptual understanding rather than existing apart from it. After describing the instructional sequence, we present the impacts of instruction on student thinking and also suggest potential applications of the instructional principles that guided our decision-making.
Pendulum motion on an inclined plane
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: July 2022

An experiment is described where a pendulum bob was allowed to roll back and forth across an inclined plane. The period of oscillation is larger than that for oscillation in a vertical plane, in part because the effective value of g is reduced on an inclined plane. The experiment highlights the differences between all three common forms of friction, namely sliding, rolling and static friction.
Tuning the luminescence performance of CdO nanoparticles via Tb2O3 inclusion
Authors: Awad M A , Abu-Dief Ahmed M
Published: July 2022

The strategy of this work is mainly concentrated on tuning the performance of CdO nanoparticles (NPs) via Tb2O3 addition. Precipitation method is utilized for the NPs synthesis, where Tb2O3 concentrations were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The prepared samples are examined using different analytical techniques. SEM and TEM results showed that Tb2O3 acted as passivation agent for the growth of CdO NPs and annulled particles agglomeration. There is a harmony in crystallites size calculated from XRD and TEM (47–55 nm), whereas, the maximum value is obtained for 5% of Tb2O3. The molecular analysis using FTIR elucidated the stability of the absorption bands for the mixed phase samples comparing with the single one, in agreement with XRD results. The estimated Eg values are ranged within (2.90–2.94) ± 0.02 and are increased slightly with Tb2O3 content. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra using different excitation wavelengths showed two overlapped emission peaks for the mixed phase Tb2O3 - CdO NPs, where the positions and the shape of these peaks appeared to be independent on excitation wavelength. The maximum PL intensity is recorded for the 5% of Tb2O3 using an excitation wavelength of 365 nm. The high intensive of visible emission using different excitation wavelengths suggested the possibility of their use in diverse applications such as light emitting diodes, optical sensor as well as in cathode ray tubes.
Orthogonality catastrophe and the speed of quantum evolution in a qubit-spin-bath system
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhu Zheng-Rong , Zou Jian , Shao Bin
Published: July 2022

The orthogonality catastrophe (OC) of quantum many-body systems is an important phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Recently, an interesting relationship between the OC and the quantum speed limit (QSL) was shown (Fogarty 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.
124 110601). Inspired by the remarkable feature, we provide a quantitative version of the quantum average speed as another different method to investigate the measure of how it is close to the OC dynamics. We analyze the properties of an impurity qubit embedded into an isotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick spin model, and show that the OC dynamics can also be characterized by the average speed of the evolution state. Furthermore, a similar behavior of the actual speed of quantum evolution and the theoretical maximal rate is shown which can provide an alternative speed-up protocol allowing us to understand some universal properties characterized by the QSL.
Dynamically tunable multiband plasmon-induced transparency effect based on graphene nanoribbon waveguide coupled with rectangle cavities system
Authors: Zhu Zi-Hao , Wang Bo-Yun , Yan Xiang , Liu Yang , Zeng Qing-Dong , Wang Tao , Yu Hua-Qing
Published: July 2022

A dynamically tunable multiband plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect in a series of rectangle cavities coupled with a graphene nanoribbon waveguide system is investigated theoretically and numerically by tuning the Fermi level of the graphene rectangle cavity. A single-PIT effect is realized using two different methods: one is the direct destructive interference between bright and dark modes, and the other is the indirect coupling through a graphene nanoribbon waveguide. Moreover, dual-PIT effect is obtained by three rectangle cavities side-coupled with a graphene nanoribbon waveguide. Results show that the magnitude of the dual-PIT window can be controlled between 0.21 and 0.74, and the corresponding group index is controlled between 143.2 and 108.6. Furthermore, the triple-PIT effect is achieved by the combination of bright–dark mode coupling and the cavities side-coupled with waveguide mechanism. Thus, sharp PIT windows can be formed, a high transmission is maintained between 0.51 and 0.74, and the corresponding group index is controlled between 161.4 and 115.8. Compared with previously proposed graphene-based PIT effects, the size of the introduced structure is less than 0.5 μm2. Particularly, the slow light effect is crucial in the current research. Therefore, a novel approach is introduced toward the realization of optical sensors, optical filters, and slow light and light storage devices with ultra-compact, multiband, and dynamic tunable.
Automated optimization of deep brain stimulation parameters for modulating neuroimaging-based targets
Authors: Malekmohammadi Mahsa , Mustakos Richard , Sheth Sameer , Pouratian Nader , McIntyre Cameron C , Bijanki Kelly R , Tsolaki Evangelia , Chiu Kevin , Robinson Meghan E , Adkinson Joshua A , Oswalt Denise , Carcieri Stephen
Published: July 2022

Objective. Therapeutic efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in both established and emerging indications, is highly dependent on accurate lead placement and optimized clinical programming. The latter relies on clinicians’ experience to search among available sets of stimulation parameters and can be limited by the time constraints of clinical practice. Recent innovations in device technology have expanded the number of possible electrode configurations and parameter sets available to clinicians, amplifying the challenge of time constraints. We hypothesize that patient specific neuroimaging data can effectively assist the clinical programming using automated algorithms. Approach. This paper introduces the DBS Illumina 3D algorithm as a tool which uses patient-specific imaging to find stimulation settings that optimizes activating a target area while minimizing the stimulation of areas outside the target that could result in unknown or undesired side effects. This approach utilizes preoperative neuroimaging data paired with the postoperative reconstruction of the lead trajectory to search the available stimulation space and identify optimized stimulation parameters. We describe the application of this algorithm in three patients with treatment-resistant depression who underwent bilateral implantation of DBS in subcallosal cingulate cortex and ventral capsule/ventral striatum using tractography optimized targeting with an imaging defined target previously described. Main results. Compared to the stimulation settings selected by the clinicians (informed by anatomy), stimulation settings produced by the algorithm that achieved similar or greater target coverage, produced a significantly smaller stimulation area that spilled outside the target (P = 0.002). Significance. The DBS Illumina 3D algorithm is seamlessly integrated with the clinician programmer software and effectively and rapidly assists clinicians with the analysis of image based anatomy, and provides a starting point to search the highly complex stimulation parameter space and arrive at the stimulation settings that optimize activating a target area.
Comparative study over double wedge and biconvex airfoils for laminar flow using CFD
Authors: Athul Krishna S , Aswin MR
Published: July 2022

This paper is mainly focused on Supersonic Laminar Flow at Mach 3 for biconvex and double wedge airfoils. The coefficient of lift (Cl), coefficient of drag (Cd), and coefficient of moment along the respective airfoils are being analysed. The geometry of these is generated using the Designmodeler of ANSYS. Further, meshing is also achieved by ANSYS with around 50000 nodes which is satisfactory for the current flow analysis. The total number of iterations being set for the particular simulation is 1000. This article covers the approach of the Kutta-Joukowski theorem, from which we know that flow circulation impacts the lift of the airfoil and how it changes for biconvex and double wedge airfoils. Decisively, this paper delivers provides pressure, heat transfer, and velocity distribution for both the airfoils. This paper gives a comparative study of both the double wedge and the biconvex airfoils at MACH 3, zero angle of attack. The study will be analysing both the airfoils in 3D as well as in 2D.
Analyzing the Emission Characteristics of a Catalytic Converter using a Nano-ZnO Coating
Authors: Koten Hasan , Maria Jackson A. , Rajaprasanna R , Ranjith Kumar R. , Keerthana Pamula , Gatchakayala Naresh Babu
Published: July 2022

Due to the ever-growing challenge of pollutants emitted by vehicles, protection of the environment from the pollutants has become a focus of attention. The rising volume of traffic on our nation's roadways now poses a severe danger to the environment due to hazardous emissions, and the refueling availability and low maintenance of petrol fuel vehicles have prompted many to choose for petrol vehicles. Numerous experts have used a variety of strategies to decrease the amount of emissions produced by vehicles, but this sector still has a great deal of room for advancement. The objective of this work is to compare the emission characteristics of a four-stroke petrol engine with and without a nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) encased catalytic converter. The findings indicated that the nano-ZnO coated catalytic converter aided in reducing the CO, CO2, HC and NOx emissions by 41.3%, 71.4%, 48.2%, and 46.7%, respectively
Improving the yield of a solar still with the aid of an evacuated tube
Authors: Mohammad Akram CH. , Saritha G. , Sharma Arvind , Singh Hari Kumar , Rinawa Moti Lal , Ashwin Kannan S.
Published: July 2022

Solar distilling process is a viable way to supplying clean freshwater to remote populations with low water condition and sufficient sunshine. Because, water purified in a simple solar still yields less, and hence, it would not be widely utilized or traded. The effectiveness of a traditional solar still is highly dependent on the quantity of energy received by the solar still's bottom surface. Thus, expanding either the absorption capacity of the basin surface or the rate of energy transfer to the saline water would then result in an enhancement in potable water yield levels. Through the coupling of an evacuated glass tube (EGT), an effort has been made to increase the evaporative heat transfer and solar still heat transfer effectiveness in this study. Further, the current research analysis compares the performance of the ordinary (Plain-Still) and evacuated tube linked solar stills (EGT-Still) at a fixed water level of 2.0 cm. The findings demonstrated that integrating an evacuated tube with the traditional solar still increased the solar still's productivity by 13.73%.
Influence of Nano-additive on the Performance of Diesel with Rape Seed Oil as Bio-diesel
Authors: Tirlangi Satyanarayana , Naga Sudha V , Kamalakannan J. , Narendranathan. S.K , Madhusudhanan J. , Rajeshwaran M
Published: July 2022

Increased consumption of oil in a spectrum of uses currently poses a significant risk to worldwide level of exhaust emissions. Considering this problem requires considerable thought. As a result, the development of alternate fuels has become necessary. Bio-diesel is a renewable fuel made from mono - alkyl esters. This laboratory investigation contains a comparison analysis to ascertain the impact and operational features of nano fuel additives. The study focused on the mixing of rape seed oil based bio-diesel with silicon dioxide (SiO2), a nanoparticle based enhancer, in order to determine its influence on diesel burning IC engine's performance. Various nano-mixture proportions were produced using nano-SiO2 particles with bio-diesel. The fuel used in the tests was bio-diesel mixer containing 25% of rape seed oil in diesel with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% SiO2 nanoparticles in bio-diesel. The output metrics such as brake power and exhaust emission levels were determined for the tested bio-diesels with different nano-SiO2 proportions. The bio-diesel with the 0.2% SiO2 nanoparticles yielded the better result in terms of brake power and emission characteristics of the engine comparing to the other blends.
Development of RFID Tag Antenna With Graphene Material Using Deep Learning
Authors: Rajalakshmi S. , Jagan G C , Padmapriya  , Asha S. , Kondala Kameswara Rao Nynalasetti , Shrivastava Rajdeep
Published: July 2022

To avoid unnecessary delays, develop an RFID tag antenna using graphene material-based deep learning in this project. The Deep Learning RFID Tag Antenna, a one-atom thick two-dimensional carbon crystal based on graphene material, is suggested as a high-frequency antenna that could improve radio communications. The experimental results reveal that the deep learning method performs well and accurately in predicting the EM response of graphene-based materials, with an accuracy of over 99 percent and a time savings of at least 99 percent.
Analyzing the Life Prediction of Spur Gear based on Vinyl Ester with Different Fibre Proportion
Authors: Saketharaman K. , Meenakshi C.M. , Ravi D.
Published: July 2022

The gear is an essential part of every mechanical power transmission system, as well as most industrial rotating machinery. Gears may grow to dominate as the most effective mechanism for transmitting power in future machines due to their high degree of durability and compactness. The vinyl ester resin have high strength and low frictional of porous carbon material. The Vinyl ester resin is used as a reinforced material in plastic gear. In this work, Vinyl Ester and Glass fiber composite material with different proportions were equipped for strengthen cast plastic gear. The spur gear pair was used as the test gears, and the glass transition temperature and fatigue tests were used to determine the gear's life span. Finally, the composite gear has to be analyzed.
Effect on the product finish in deep drawing process due to supremacy of punch force
Authors: Brathikan V M , Jayabalu S , Gideon Devairakkam S , Prashanth P , Scidarth Kavi
Published: July 2022

Forming process plays a significant role in manufacturing a product. Deep drawing among the forming process is considered superior because of its low wastage. The appropriate parameters to have an optimized drawing process must be found. A slight change in these parameters will cause major change on positive or negative side. In this, the punch forces mainly focused. This is the force used to draw the object. An experiment by varying punch force is made and investigate what happens in that resulting product. During the application of excessive force some failure like fracture thinning and cracks would occur. Experiment by varying load is done, and the outcomes are observed. The outcome of the experiment was noted. From this experiment it’s found that the optimistic load to draw the object and to improve the processing speed. By this, the productivity and accuracy is improved. By doing this for various loads, many results were obtained which gave reliability of the results. These findings are also theoretically and analytically examined.
Experimental Study on Failure Modes of RC Beams Externally Strengthened with Multiple Layers of FRP Sheets
Authors: Hemapriya M. , Venkatakrishnaiah Dr.R. , Meikandaan Dr.T.P.
Published: July 2022

The FRP material plays a major role as strengthening material in RC structural elements. It is popularly used to improve the load carrying capacity and the stiffness in RC structural elements by wrapping with FRP sheets (combination of GFRP & CFRP). The usefulness of FRP laminates in external strengthening at both the sides full and as vertical strips at interval of 100mm on RC beams is studied.. In this experimental study nine reinforced concrete beams were cast and in that three beams are control beams and six RC beams are strengthened with one layer of GFRP and another layer of CFRP laminates. The prime aim of the test is to study the effect of FRP laminates in enhancing the strength of the strengthened/wrapped RC beams compared to control beams. The ultimate strength and maximum deflection of reinforced concrete beams by externally bonded with multiple layers of FRP sheets are examined.
Trends in tribological behaviour of materials for compressors
Authors: Patel Shrey Shaileshbhai , Surjith Shiva M , Kataray Tarun , Srivastava Divyansh , Maji Sambuddha , Kapruan Chinmay , Kumar Piyush Pankaj , Yarram Bharath , Chadha Utkarsh , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran
Published: July 2022

This review accumulates information from various research works about the preferable manufacturing process, process parameters, parts of the compressor, working principle, material, and critical issues with some of the solutions that might be possible in the era of future industry. In addition, some work is also done on the tribological trends in the compressor. In this paper, detailed information has been gathered about the compressor parts and their working principle. A detailed analysis has been done on the material used to manufacture the compressor. Some details have been shared about preventing the loss to the compressor when it is in the application mode. As per this paper, PTFE/MoS2, FC, PEEK/Ceramic materials, mica-filled tetrafluoroethylene are advanced materials used for the compressor. Protective layers can be made on the parts to prevent some functional loss. Numerous studies have brought about great advancements in compressor performance, but many remain to be discovered. With n-TiO2 and n-MnO2, ZDDP (zinc disulfide) should be increased for antifriction properties. Some research has proven that CO2 can improve the tribological performance of two interacting surfaces by forming a lubricating carbonate layer that reduces friction and wears. New lubricating oils are showing promising results, but with the gradual depletion of natural oil resources, efforts have to be made to make various oils obtained from sources other than oil reserves or petroleum. A completely oil-free compressor with no lubrication in the crankcase and no lubrication in the other components dry oil-free air supply may be accomplished by employing various oil-less compressor technologies such as scroll water-injected screw, two-stage dry screw, and so on. In the 21st century, it aims to maximize energy savings from air compressors. It is critical to operating at a compression level that matches the amount of air consumption (optimal volume) and to avoid operating at a compression level that is greater than necessary. The conclusion can be obtained that understanding for the compressor will be established, and some tribological issues will be solved with new technology and material.
Investigating Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composite Reinforced with S-Glass and Luffa Fibres
Authors: Vigneshkumar N. , Harikannan N. , Selvakumar S , Manoj Kumar P. , Subbiah Ram , Saravanakumar P.T.
Published: July 2022

The mix of two different type of fibres, one is natural and another one is synthetic fibres were employed as reinforcing media in this study, and epoxy based polymer resin was employed as the matrix phase. S-glass and luffa fibres had been bonded with epoxy matrix to create a novel composite by compression moulding and to measure the effect of this hybridization in composite laminate utilising five different sequencing. To determine the mechanical characteristics of this composite material using tensile, flexural, and compression strength, a specimen named 'SL4' had shown the highest mechanical strength, resulting in a tensile properties of 253 MPa, compression strength of 234 MPa, and flexural characteristics of 237 MPa. The increment in mechanical characteristics is found to exhibiting around 20% increase comparing to the specimen having next higher value in all the properties. The results evidenced that the presence of luffa fibre layers at the interior most portion of the composite displayed the progressive values in all the investigated mechanical characteristics.
Integration of Lean Principles with Fuzzy FMEA in a Small Scale Casting Industry
Authors: Deepan S , Santhosh Raj S , Ponselvan T S , Praveenkumar R , Alex J.
Published: July 2022

Economic growth of any nation is depending on the Gross Domestic Product. To improve a country economy, the industries needs to produce gross domestic products at large rate for export. Every industry has value added and non-value added (waste) activities. Non – value added activities always pulls down the efficiency, effectiveness and profit of the industry which will lets to devastating future. In order to overcome the waste many works and research has to be carried out with the focus on lean implementation. Lean implementation should be carried out progressively to obtain fruitful result. This project has been carried out on a casting industry in which non value added activities such as unnecessary transportation, motion, and waiting and high space conception are identified using current state mapping and current state layout. It is highly complicated to implement all the lean tools in a manufacturing system. So to prioritize only few lean tools which are essential to eliminate those wastes and an integrated model (combine fuzzy and FMEA environment) was used. Fuzzy is to avoid ambiguity in observation and FMEA is to prioritize the cause. After eliminating the wastes, future state value stream mapping is drawn and its performance is compared with the existing layout.
Implementing a visual representation of analytic data using a radar chart
Authors: Kalyuzhny E R , Poteryaeva A V , Shpakovsky G A , Bykreev L V , Zarikovskaya N V
Published: July 2022

This article considers the implementation of one of the ways to visually display analytical data using a radar chart. The implementation of scaling and displaying inscriptions and images by sectors using Bezier curves is described in detail.
Convolutional neural network for noise reduction to improve the quality of images obtained using active-pulse television measuring systems
Authors: Novgorodov A , Borodina N , Kuryachiy M
Published: July 2022

The paper presents a software implementation of an image recovery algorithm using a convolutional neural network. An example of using the developed algorithm in the context of noise reduction of images obtained using active-pulse television measuring systems is presented. The result obtained with a convolutional neural network is better than classical filtering algorithms (PSNR higher by 2.01 dB).
Development of a Modified Newton Iteration Algorithm for massive MIMO systems with precoding and its study in MATLAB environment
Authors: Glushankov E , Boyko I , Kirik D , Korovin K
Published: July 2022

The aim of this work is to create an iterative precoding algorithm with a higher convergence rate compared to known algorithms. This paper considers the task of antenna system pattern formation using linear precoding for massive MIMO systems, including precoders with approximate matrix inversion methods, such as the use of the Newton Iteration Algorithm. A variant of the Modified Newton Iteration Algorithm with a variable adaptation step is also proposed. A mathematical description of signal processing in the downlink model for massive MIMO systems is given, as well as linear precoding procedures. The convergence of the algorithm has been analyzed from the initial parameters determining the adaptation step, from the number of user equipment served, as well as the angle of user equipment position.
Optimization of protective cables in the range of real geometric parameters
Authors: Vlasova N O , Belousov A O
Published: July 2022

This work presents the results of simulation and optimization of multiconductor modal filters (MFs) with circular cross section in the range of real geometric parameters. Five MF structures with 2–4 conductors are considered in a protective shield and without it. Parametric optimization was performed by the amplitude and time criteria in order to obtain a complete ultrashort pulse (USP) decomposition. As a result, it was achieved in all structures with a maximum attenuation factor of 3.7 times.
Technique for extraction of electric frequency parameters of conductive ink
Authors: Trufanova N S , Artishchev S A , Ragimov E R , Loschilov A G , Malyshenko A M
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we consider a technique for extracting parameters that allows calculating nodes taking into account the properties of the material used in the technology of printer printing. As a result of the extraction of parameters, the real parameters of the material were revealed. At 1 GHz, the loss of a 20 µm microstrip line is 12 dB/m. With a threefold increase in thickness, the losses decreased to 7 dB/m.
Synthesizing of a sliding control law for a hydraulic automatic stabilization system
Authors: Tran V T , Korikov A M , Nguyen T T
Published: July 2022

The sliding mode control has the property of control independence from the characteristics of the unchangeable part of the automatic stabilization system (ASS). In the article, this mode is proposed to be applied to ASS to stabilize the horizontal working plane using two hydraulic cylinders. A model of this ASS has been developed. The paper synthesizes a sliding control law for ASS and simulates ASS operation on MATLAB-SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate that ASS is a stable system and works quite efficiently.
Synthesis of an algorithm for automatic control of the quadcopter position using the control force estimation method
Authors: Tran V T , Korikov A M , Tran D K
Published: July 2022

A mathematical model of the quadcopter motion control system has been developed. A new algorithm for controlling the movement of the quadcopter is proposed, which, in combination with sliding modes for controlling the position and direction of movement, ensures stable movement of the quadcopter in space. The simulation of the quadcopter motion control system on the MATLAB SIMULINK software was performed. The proposed algorithm for controlling the movement of the quadcopter ensures its steady movement as a single quadcopter along a given flight path in space in the presence of interference, and the movement of a group of quadcopters
The effect of high-temperature nanoparticle-based modification on the structure of zinc oxide powders
Authors: Mikhailov M M , Yuryev S A , Lapin A N , Goronchko V A
Published: July 2022

The authors have studied the effect of solid-state nanoparticle-based modification on the structure of zinc oxide powders. To carry out the experiment, seven types of nanoparticles of various oxides were applied. The modification was performed by heating the powder mixtures in the air at 650°C for 2 hours. The concentration of nanopowders was 10 wt.%, the average grain size of nanoparticles varied from 10 to 80 nm. It was established that high-temperature nanoparticle-based modification does not lead to significant structural changes and cannot affect the properties of zinc oxide powder. While modifying zinc oxide powders, an increase in photo- and radiation stability can occur primarily because of mechanisms associated with the deposition of nanoparticles on the surface of the micropowder. Due to structural changes, certain types of nanoparticles (e.g., alumina in the sample under investigation) can make a rather insignificant contribution to the stability of optical properties when exposed to radiation.
Measurement of mass-to-charge beam plasma ion composition during electron beam evaporation of refractory materials in the forevacuum pressure range
Authors: Zolotukhin D B
Published: July 2022

We describe here the design of the modernized ion-optical system (IOS) of the standard residual gas analyzer (RGA). IOS electrodes are made of stainless steel. The electrodes are powered outside the vacuum chamber. Reducing the diameter of the entrance aperture to 0.6 mm made it possible to expand the measurement range. These design features of this system makes it possible to measure the mass-to-charge composition of beam plasma ions generated by electron beam evaporation of ceramics and refractory metals in the forevacuum pressure range under a prolonged exposure to high temperature. We present the results of the measured plasma composition during evaporation of aluminum oxide and zirconium ceramics, as well as of titanium.
Passage of a focused electron beam generated by a forevacuum plasma source through a narrow extended metal cavity
Authors: Yu Bakeev I , Zenin A A , Klimov A S , Tran V T
Published: July 2022

We report on our investigations of the distribution of diameter of a focused electron beam along the propagation direction at the forevacuum pressures as a function of beam parameters and working gas pressure. The influence of electron beam parameters on the fraction of current transported through a narrow, extended tube is considered. We find that the angles of convergence and divergence of the focused beam depend on the position of the beam crossover point, and that maximum beam transmission through the tube is ensured at lower gas pressure and higher beam accelerating voltage. Up to 90% beam transmission efficiency is obtained for beam transport through a metal tube with diameter 8 mm and length 30 cm.
Generation of beam plasma near a dielectric target irradiated by a pulsed large-radius electron beam in the forevacuum pressure range
Authors: Kazakov A V , Oks E M , Panchenko N A
Published: July 2022

We have investigated generation of beam plasma near a dielectric (ceramic) target irradiated by a pulsed large-radius electron beam in the forevacuum pressure range 3–15 Pa. The electron beam was accelerated with voltage up to 8 kV. Under a certain threshold accelerating voltage increase in the plasma density was observed near the dielectric target as compared with beam plasma density without the target. A decrease in gas pressure leads to smaller value of this threshold voltage. The observed dependencies are apparently caused by two factors: secondary electrons being emitted from the ceramic target and charging of surface of the ceramic target by the e-beam. The secondary electrons, emitted from the ceramic target, provide “additional” ionization of the gas. The charge on the dielectric target surface creates a field that accelerates the slow secondary electrons, which provides an increase in plasma density near the ceramic target. The negative charge on the target slows down the beam electrons, and thus increases total ionization cross section of gas by electron impact. The value of negative charge on the dielectric surface increases with decreasing gas pressure.
Influence of the composition of Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramics on the distribution of thermal fields during its electron beam sintering
Authors: Klimov A S , Yu Bakeev I , Zenin A A
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of sintering a composite graded ceramic based on Al2O3 / ZrO2 using a focused electron beam. To prevent surface charging, sintering was carried out in the forevacuum pressure range. It was demonstrated that under electron beam exposure, the surface temperature reaches 1600 degrees within 20 minutes. The distribution of elements over the depth of sintered specimens is presented. The dependence of the temperature difference over the sample as a function of the number of layers in the sample is shown. The value of the temperature drop along the depth of the sintered sample is calculated and recommendations are given for reducing the temperature drop.