bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O paryskim pomniku serca Jana Kazimierza – recenzja książki Pawła Migasiewicza
Authors: Czyż Anna Sylwia
Published: February 2021

Recenzja książki Pawła Migasiewicza Nagrobek serca Jana Kazimierza w kościele Saint-Germain-des-Prés w Paryżu. Aeternae memoriae Regis Orthodoxi, Warszawa 2019 (seria Studia i Materiały, red. K. Guttmejer, ss. 168, il. 86, aneksy 11, skróty w jęz. francuskim i angielskim, indeksy osób i miejsc, wyd. Narodowy Instytut Polskiego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego za Granicą POLONIKA)
Patriotyzm w filozofii praktycznej Karola Libelta. Wokół rozprawy "O miłości ojczyzny"
Authors: Woźniewska-Działak Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Lata 40. XIX wieku to okres wyjątkowo ożywionej debaty nad tożsamością narodu polskiego. Rozprawa Karola Libelta O miłości ojczyzny, wydana w poznańskim czasopiśmie Rok w 1844 r., jest jednym z reprezentatywnych przykładów ideowego fermentu tego czasu. W rozprawie autor formułuje zasadnicze pytanie o kształt i charakter narodu jako wspólnoty wartości. Redefiniuje jednakże kluczowe dla tematu pojęcia takie jak ojczyzna i patriotyzm. Postuluje konieczność precyzyjnego formułowania ról społecznych i zadań, których realizacja ma służyć odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości. Libelt akcentuje kwestię nierozłączności narodu i państwa, stąd w komentowanej rozprawie pytania o podmiotowość narodu są ściśle powiązane z pojęciem bytu politycznego i refleksją nad jego partykularną, ale i uniwersalną misją w dziejach. W stosunkowo rzadko komentowanej i niedoinwestowanej badawczo rozprawie Karola Libelta wybrzmiewa także koncepcja zmiany struktury polskiego społeczeństwa. Libelt jako pierwszy polski intelektualista sformułował definicję inteligencji jako grupę ludzi wykształconych, posiadających specjalne kompetencje i kluczową rolę do odegrania w dążącym do samookreślenia narodzie. Na barkach inteligencji, rozumianej przez filozofa jako awangarda narodu, ciąży odpowiedzialność szerzenia oświaty, kształcenia ludu i propagowania postaw zmieniających jego ograniczający szansę ewentualnych reform światopogląd. Libelt określa inteligencki etos jako zespół wartości i zasad mających moc wzorotwórczą. Szczególnym znamieniem inteligenckiego projektu patriotyzmu czyni zaś pojęcie służby drugiemu człowiekowi i poświęcenia dla dobra wspólnoty, dla ojczyzny. Przez miłość ojczyzny rozumie m.in. przywiązanie do ziemi, praktykowanie obyczajów, kultywowanie tradycji, dbanie o piękno języka, znajomość narodowej literatury, poszanowanie praw i obywatelskich obowiązków, etc. Wielkim walorem rozprawy Libelta pozostaje łączenie perspektywy historiozoficznej z problematyką etosu grupy kierowniczej, co daje rezultat w postaci refleksji o charakterze socjologicznym, podbudowanej romantycznym maksymalizmem moralnym.
History and literature in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale: the return of the repressed
Authors: Dhouib Mohamed Karim
Published: February 2021

Geoffrey Chaucer’s only direct reference to the consequential Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 is housed in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale as a passing, yet important, allusion to the daunting figure of Jack Straw and his men. The beast-fable’s extratemporal chronotope is indeed traversed by a brief but significantly intrusive fragment of repressed historicity. The paper argues that the discarded historical event of the revolt against the establishment surfaces in the text, not to record the cracks and crevices in the dwindling feudal system, but to participate in the bestialization and grotesquing of the 1381 insurgents and the trivialization of their rising and their cause.
Ensuring the Quality of Higher Education Under Current Conditions
Authors: Kostyshyn Andriy
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In the present conditions, especially during a pandemic, higher education requires academic staff to master and implement innovative methods of teaching and learning based on information programs, knowledge transfer systems. The tasks of interactive educational forms are as follows: awakening students’ interest; motivating students to solve the problem under study; effective mastering educational material; independent searching for the methods and options how to solve the educational task; interactions between students; teamwork skills; tolerance for any point of view; forming students’ own opinion, life and professional skills; reaching the level of student’s conscious competence. After analyzing our research, we can state that interactive learning creates an environment of educational communication, which is characterized by openness, equal-footing interaction of participants, accumulation of mutual knowledge, that provides high motivation, strength of knowledge, creativity, sociability, active life position, preservation of individuality, freedom of expression, mutual respect.

          This paper examined the current problems of innovative technologies and teaching methods in modern higher education, as the tendency to humanization and humanitarization of the content of medical education has intensified, new academic disciplines have been introduced and, consequently, the need for academic staff, who could provide an innovative approach to implementing these trends during the educational process, has been increased. It is significant that today teachers are able to create and implement their own innovative methods. In addition, the paper focused on the safety of the educational environment of higher education. Information security is especially important, as nowadays the information media have an extremely big impact on the student environment.
Youth Professional Development
Authors: Skrobach Nadiia , Shapoval Oksana , Vyshyvanyuk Vira , Petryna Vitalii
Published: February 2021

Professional adaptation is a process of engaging young people in professional activity that is influenced by the right career choice, the level of professional orientation, as well as the type of professional training. Professional adaptation is considered as a special type of social process aimed at engaging the group of people in working life, as they were artificially disconnected from this life during their study.

The formation of professional orientation is influenced by several objective and subjective factors. The objective factors include specific socio-economic conditions that will determine the role of an individual in the system of working relations, as well as the nature of work, its stimulation, working conditions and working environment. Nowadays these factors are significantly influenced by economic crisis, unemployment, lack of social protection, as well as the expansion of international contacts, the appearance of new forms of employment, the introduction of information technologies, etc. The subjective factors include personality traits, the interest in performing the activity, the satisfaction from performing the activity, motives and goals inducing this activity.

During the preadaptation period, an individual becomes acquainted with new duties and responsibilities that team members and the administration are expected of them to carry out; the individual’s training level and their ability to carry out professional duties are assessed as well. This period can last from a few months to a year. During the next period of inadaptation, an individual assumes a social role of a worker, accepts the goals and tasks of the organization and starts to carry out the planned tasks. In the period of post-adaptation, in case of positive adaptation, the employee’s activity is aimed at creative application of the experience and knowledge acquired.

Thus, professional success can serve as the objective criterion for professional adaptation, while job satisfaction can be considered as the subjective one. To assess the results of professional adaptation, the adaptation levels, namely high, moderate and low can be used.
Study of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Vatseba Tamara
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The pro-oncogenic effects of obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been proven in some types of cancer, as well as in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The objective of the research was to investigate the state of insulin resistance in patients suffering from oncological diseases and to compare insulin correlations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those with cancer.
Materials and Methods. The study included the following groups of patients: Group I included healthy individuals (the control group); Group II comprised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; Group ІІІ included patients with cancer: subgroup IIIa comprised patients with breast cancer, subgroup IIIb included patients with endometrial cancer, subgroup IIIс comprised patients with colorectal cancer. Fasting blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method; hemoglobin A1c was determined by ion exchange chromatography; the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were determined by immune-enzyme method. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index. The results obtained were analyzed using statistical analysis.
Results. Obesity was confirmed in all the groups of patients with cancer. Significantly higher body mass index, as compared to the control group, was found in patients with endometrial cancer (p = 0.008). In comparison with the control group, the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 increased significantly in all groups of patients with cancer (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sugar levels and hemoglobin A1c did not differ from the indicators in the control group (p > 0.05). Direct correlations between insulin and body mass index (p < 0.05), insulin-like growth factor-1 (p < 0.05) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index in patients of Group II and Group III were detected (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. In obese patients with breast, uterine and colorectal cancer, there was found a decrease in insulin sensitivity, which might increase the proliferative effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1. Correlation analysis showed a probable association of cancer and diabetes mellitus due to obesity and insulin resistance.
A History of Bilingual Education in the US
Authors: Moore Sarah C.K.
Published: February 2021

This book traces a history of bilingual education in the US, unveiling the role of politics in policy development and implementation. It introduces readers to past systemic supports for creation of diverse bilingual educational programs and situates particular instances and phases of expansion and decline within related sociopolitical backdrops.
Development of a Novel Intervention (Mindful Steps) to Promote Long-Term Walking Behavior in Chronic Cardiopulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Litrownik Daniel , Gilliam Elizabeth A , Wayne Peter M , Richardson Caroline R , Kadri Reema , Rist Pamela M , Moy Marilyn L , Yeh Gloria Y
Published: February 2021

Background

Despite current rehabilitation programs, long-term engagement in physical activity remains a significant challenge for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF). Novel strategies to promote physical activity in these populations are greatly needed. Emerging literature on the benefits of both mind–body interventions and web-based interventions provide the rationale for the development of the Mindful Steps intervention for increasing walking behavior.

Objective

This study aims to develop a novel multimodal mind–body exercise intervention through adaptation of an existing web-based physical activity intervention and incorporation of mind–body exercise, and to pilot test the delivery of the new intervention, Mindful Steps, in a randomized controlled feasibility trial in older adults with COPD and/or HF.

Methods

In phase 1, guided by a theoretical conceptual model and review of the literature on facilitators and barriers of physical activity in COPD and HF, we convened an expert panel of researchers, mind–body practitioners, and clinicians to inform development of the novel, multimodal intervention. In phase 2, we are conducting a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial of the Mindful Steps intervention that includes in-person mind–body exercise classes, an educational website, online mind–body videos, and a pedometer with step-count feedback and goals to increase walking behavior in patients with COPD and/or HF. Outcomes include feasibility measures as well as patient-centered measures.

Results

The study is currently ongoing. Phase 1 intervention development was completed in March 2019, and phase 2 data collection began in April 2019.

Conclusions

Through the integration of components from a web-based physical activity intervention and mind–body exercise, we created a novel, multimodal program to impact long-term physical activity engagement for individuals with COPD and HF. This developmental work and pilot study will provide valuable information needed to design a future clinical trial assessing efficacy of this multimodal approach.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03003780; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03003780

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/27826
Factors Influencing Depression and Mental Distress Related to COVID-19 Among University Students in China: Online Cross-sectional Mediation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Yanqiu , She Rui , Luo Sitong , Xin Meiqi , Li Lijuan , Wang Suhua , Ma Le , Tao Fangbiao , Zhang Jianxin , Zhao Junfeng , Li Liping , Hu Dongsheng , Zhang Guohua , Gu Jing , Lin Danhua , Wang Hongmei , Cai Yong , Wang Zhaofen , You Hua , Hu Guoqing , Lau Joseph Tak-Fai
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 epidemic may elevate mental distress and depressive symptoms in various populations in China.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the levels of depression and mental distress due to COVID-19, and the associations between cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and depression and mental distress due to COVID-19 among university students in China.

METHODS

A large-scale online cross-sectional study (16 cities in 13 provinces) was conducted among university students from February 1 to 10, 2020, in China; 23,863 valid questionnaires were returned. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediation and suppression effects.

RESULTS

Of the 23,863 participants, 47.1% (n=11,235) reported high or very high levels of one or more types of mental distress due to COVID-19; 39.1% (n=9326) showed mild to severe depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 was positively associated with depression. All but one factor (perceived infection risks, perceived chance of controlling the epidemic, staying at home, contacted people from Wuhan, and perceived discrimination) were significantly associated with mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 partially mediated and suppressed the associations between some of the studied factors and depression (effect size of 6.0%-79.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

Both mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression were prevalent among university students in China; the former may have increased the prevalence of the latter. The studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to COVID-19 may directly or indirectly (via mental distress due to COVID-19) affect depression. Interventions to modify such factors may reduce mental distress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Accuracy and Monitoring of Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) Scores Prior to Emergent Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Transfer: Retrospective Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kowalski Rebecca L , Lee Laura , Spaeder Michael C , Moorman J Randall , Keim-Malpass Jessica
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Current approaches to early detection of clinical deterioration in children have relied on intermittent track-and-trigger warning scores such as the Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) that rely on periodic assessment and vital sign entry. There are limited data on the utility of these scores prior to events of decompensation leading to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) transfer.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of our study was to determine the accuracy of recorded PEWS scores, assess clinical reasons for transfer, and describe the monitoring practices prior to PICU transfer involving acute decompensation.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≤21 years of age transferred emergently from the acute care pediatric floor to the PICU due to clinical deterioration over an 8-year period. Clinical charts were abstracted to (1) determine the clinical reason for transfer, (2) quantify the frequency of physiological monitoring prior to transfer, and (3) assess the timing and accuracy of the PEWS scores 24 hours prior to transfer.

RESULTS

During the 8-year period, 72 children and adolescents had an emergent PICU transfer due to clinical deterioration, most often due to acute respiratory distress. Only 35% (25/72) of the sample was on continuous telemetry or pulse oximetry monitoring prior to the transfer event, and 47% (34/72) had at least one incorrectly documented PEWS score in the 24 hours prior to the event, with a score underreporting the actual severity of illness.

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis provides support for the routine assessment of clinical deterioration and advocates for more research focused on the use and utility of continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring for patients at risk for emergent transfer.
Use of Physiological Data From a Wearable Device to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptoms and Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hirten Robert P , Danieletto Matteo , Tomalin Lewis , Choi Katie Hyewon , Zweig Micol , Golden Eddye , Kaur Sparshdeep , Helmus Drew , Biello Anthony , Pyzik Renata , Charney Alexander , Miotto Riccardo , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Levin Matthew , Nabeel Ismail , Aberg Judith , Reich David , Charney Dennis , Bottinger Erwin P , Keefer Laurie , Suarez-Farinas Mayte , Nadkarni Girish N , Fayad Zahi A
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Changes in autonomic nervous system function, characterized by heart rate variability (HRV), have been associated with infection and observed prior to its clinical identification.

OBJECTIVE

We performed an evaluation of HRV collected by a wearable device to identify and predict COVID-19 and its related symptoms.

METHODS

Health care workers in the Mount Sinai Health System were prospectively followed in an ongoing observational study using the custom Warrior Watch Study app, which was downloaded to their smartphones. Participants wore an Apple Watch for the duration of the study, measuring HRV throughout the follow-up period. Surveys assessing infection and symptom-related questions were obtained daily.

RESULTS

Using a mixed-effect cosinor model, the mean amplitude of the circadian pattern of the standard deviation of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN), an HRV metric, differed between subjects with and without COVID-19 (P=.006). The mean amplitude of this circadian pattern differed between individuals during the 7 days before and the 7 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis compared to this metric during uninfected time periods (P=.01). Significant changes in the mean and amplitude of the circadian pattern of the SDNN was observed between the first day of reporting a COVID-19–related symptom compared to all other symptom-free days (P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Longitudinally collected HRV metrics from a commonly worn commercial wearable device (Apple Watch) can predict the diagnosis of COVID-19 and identify COVID-19–related symptoms. Prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19 by nasal swab polymerase chain reaction testing, significant changes in HRV were observed, demonstrating the predictive ability of this metric to identify COVID-19 infection.
Recruitment of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis for Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Studies: Descriptive Study of the National ALS Registry’s Research Notification Mechanism (Preprint)
Authors: Mehta Paul , Raymond Jaime , Han Moon Kwon , Larson Theodore , Berry James D , Paganoni Sabrina , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Bedlack Richard Stanley , Horton D Kevin
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Researchers face challenges in patient recruitment, especially for rare, fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These challenges include obtaining sufficient statistical power as well as meeting eligibility requirements such as age, sex, and study proximity. Similarly, persons with ALS (PALS) face difficulty finding and enrolling in research studies for which they are eligible.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe how the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) National ALS Registry is linking PALS to scientists who are conducting research, clinical trials, and epidemiological studies.

METHODS

Through the Registry’s online research notification mechanism (RNM), PALS can elect to be notified about new research opportunities. This mechanism allows researchers to upload a standardized application outlining their study design and objectives, and proof of Institutional Review Board approval. If the application is approved, ATSDR queries the Registry for PALS meeting the study’s specific eligibility criteria, and then distributes the researcher’s study material and contact information to PALS via email. PALS then need to contact the researcher directly to take part in any research. Such an approach allows ATSDR to protect the confidentiality of Registry enrollees.

RESULTS

From 2013 to 2019, a total of 46 institutions around the United States and abroad have leveraged this tool and over 600,000 emails have been sent, resulting in over 2000 patients conservatively recruited for clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Patients between the ages of 60 and 69 had the highest level of participation, whereas those between the ages of 18 and 39 and aged over 80 had the lowest. More males participated (4170/7030, 59.32%) than females (2860/7030, 40.68%).

CONCLUSIONS

The National ALS Registry’s RNM benefits PALS by connecting them to appropriate ALS research. Simultaneously, the system benefits researchers by expediting recruitment, increasing sample size, and efficiently identifying PALS meeting specific eligibility requirements. As more researchers learn about and use this mechanism, both PALS and researchers can hasten research and expand trial options for PALS.
Leveraging a Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase to Formulate a Drug Response Phenotype Terminology for Genomic Medicine (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Yiqing , Brush Matthew , Wang Chen , Liu Hongfang , Freimuth Robert R
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Despite the increasing evidence of utility of genomic medicine in clinical practice, systematically integrating genomic medicine information and knowledge into clinical systems with a high-level of consistency, scalability, and computability remains challenging. A comprehensive terminology is required for relevant concepts and the associated knowledge model for representing relationships.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aims to propose a drug response phenotype terminology to represent relationships between genetic variants and drugs in existing knowledge models.

METHODS

In this study, we leveraged PharmGKB, a comprehensive pharmacogenomics (PGx) knowledgebase, to formulate a terminology for drug response phenotypes that can represent relationships between genetic mutations and treatments. We evaluated coverage of the terminology through manual review of a randomly selected subset of 200 sentences extracted from genetic reports that contained concepts for “Genes and Gene Products” and “Treatments”.

RESULTS

Results showed that our proposed drug response phenotype terminology could cover 96% of the drug response phenotypes in genetic reports. Among 18,653 sentences that contained both “Genes and Gene Products” and “Treatments”, 3,011 sentences were able to be mapped to a drug response phenotype in our proposed terminology, among which the most discussed drug response phenotypes were response (994), sensitivity (829), and survival (332). In addition, we were able to re-analyze genetic report context incorporating the proposed terminology and enrich our previously proposed PGx knowledge model to reveal relationships between genetic mutations and treatments.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, we proposed a drug response phenotype terminology that enhanced structured knowledge representation of genomic medicine.
Test-Retest Reliability of Home-Based Fitness Assessments Using a Mobile App (R Plus Health) in Healthy Adults: Prospective Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lin I-I , Chen You-Lin , Chuang Li-Ling
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Poor physical fitness has a negative impact on overall health status. An increasing number of health-related mobile apps have emerged to reduce the burden of medical care and the inconvenience of long-distance travel. However, few studies have been conducted on home-based fitness tests using apps. Insufficient monitoring of physiological signals during fitness assessments have been noted. Therefore, we developed R Plus Health, a digital health app that incorporates all the components of a fitness assessment with concomitant physiological signal monitoring.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to investigate the test-retest reliability of home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app in healthy adults.

METHODS

A total of 31 healthy young adults self-executed 2 fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app, with a 2- to 3-day interval between assessments. The fitness assessments included cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, flexibility, mobility, and balance tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient was computed as a measure of the relative reliability of the fitness assessments and determined their consistency. The SE of measurement, smallest real difference at a 90% CI, and Bland–Altman analyses were used to assess agreement, sensitivity to real change, and systematic bias detection, respectively.

RESULTS

The relative reliability of the fitness assessments using R Plus Health was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.8-0.99 for raw scores, 0.69-0.99 for converted scores). The SE of measurement and smallest real difference at a 90% CI were 1.44-6.91 and 3.36-16.11, respectively, in all fitness assessments. The 95% CI of the mean difference indicated no significant systematic error between the assessments for the strength and balance tests. The Bland–Altman analyses revealed no significant systematic bias between the assessments for all tests, with a few outliers. The Bland–Altman plots illustrated narrow limits of agreement for upper extremity strength, abdominal strength, and right leg stance tests, indicating good agreement between the 2 assessments.

CONCLUSIONS

Home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app were reliable and feasible in young, healthy adults. The results of the fitness assessments can offer a comprehensive understanding of general health status and help prescribe safe and suitable exercise training regimens. In future work, the app will be tested in different populations (eg, patients with chronic diseases or users with poor fitness), and the results will be compared with clinical test results.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030905; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=50229
ID Model Development and Validation: Improving Secondary School Students’ Mathematics Achievement through Cooperative Learning Strategies
Authors: Brown, Ph.D Troy T.
Published: February 2021

Many secondary school students within the Caribbean region are consistently failing to grasp basic mathematical concepts. The purpose of this Design and Development Research was to generate an Instructional Design (ID) Model that demonstrates how the effective use of cooperative learning strategies improved students’ mathematical achievement, at a junior secondary school in the British Virgin Islands. The researcher collected information from Mathematics teachers (n = 5) and their students (n = 5). Each participant was involved in semi-structured interviews and MAXQDA12 was employed for analysis. Two research questions guided this research. The results of this research showed that the consistent use of effective cooperative learning strategies contributed to students’ academic achievement in Mathematics, especially at the junior secondary school level. The results stand to benefit both Mathematics teachers of junior secondary schools and their students. There is one recommendation for future research.
Necesidad de profesionales médicos para la universalización de servicios de salud en México
Authors: Jarillo Soto Edgar Carlos , Mendoza Rodríguez Juan Manuel
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: este trabajo estima la necesidad de disponibilidad y de distribución de los profesionales de la medicina en México como recurso nuclear del equipo de salud en la perspectiva de la salud universal como derecho y el modelo de atención basado en la APS-I, así como los requerimientos de formación a los que deben atender las instituciones de educación superior.Diseño metodológico: se realiza el procesamiento de información de fuentes secundarias internacionales y nacionales para valorar la suficiencia, distribución y retos para la formación en el marco de una política de salud universal.Resultados: la tasa de disponibilidad de profesionales de la medicina muestra grandes brechas para alcanzar cifras similares a países de la OCDE, al ritmo actual se vislumbra carencia de esos profesionales. La tendencia de la formación contribuye a la dificultad de alcanzar la suficiencia necesaria, además de mostrar agotamiento de un modelo de formación reiteradamente cuestionado.Limitaciones de la investigación: se requiere analizar datos sobre otros profesionales de la salud para ampliar la información respecto a las necesidades del sector salud en su conjunto.Hallazgos: difícilmente se obtendrá la cantidad necesaria de profesionales médicos formados en las universidades. La falta de disponibilidad se agudiza en los estados con mayores carencias. Las universidades enfrentan el reto de formar profesionales de la medicina para incorporarse a un modelo de atención a la salud basado en la APS-I.
Ciudad Satélite: el habitar moderno de las clases medias mexicanas
Authors: Alcantar García Érika
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo revisa el caso del fraccionamiento de Ciudad Satélite desde su origen como negocio inmobiliario en el Estado de México, producto de las restricciones para la construcción de fraccionamientos destinados a las clases medias en el entonces Distrito Federal. Asimismo, examina el proyecto de diseño basado en las propuestas del modelo de las “ciudades satélite” inglesas y su parentesco con el suburbio moderno. Posteriormente se analiza el estilo de vida moderno que legi-timaron las clases medias en Ciudad Satélite, a partir de las nociones de habitus y capital simbólico.
Propiedades mecánicas de morteros con arenas del centro de México
Authors: Muciño Velez Alberto , López Calvo Herwing Zeth , Guillén Guillén Cesar Armando , Carbajal García Cristhian David
Published: February 2021

Se estudió el efecto de los agregados finos en las mezclas de mortero empleando diferentes cementos portland tipo II 30R RS, con el objetivo de lograr resistencias a la compresión óptimas según la normatividad. Se desarrollaron 15 diseños de mezclas relacionando cinco marcas de cemento y tres tipos de arena, con las cuales se elaboraron 75 probetas cúbicas para determinar su resistencia a la compresión. Los resultados demuestran que existen resistencias variables al emplear distintos tipos de arena y cemento. El análisis granulométrico determinó que solo uno de los tipos de tres tipos de arena tiene tamaños de partícula apropiados y la evaluación de pastas con cemento de cinco marcas del tipo II, presentaron diferencias en propiedades mecánicas. Se discute qué marcas de cemento no cumplen con la resistencia especificada, y que la relación arena-cemento debe considerar el origen del agregado fino y la relación con la marca empleada. Se pueden lograr reducciones de cemento al conocer el rendimiento de la arena en la mezcla.  La arena sí influye en la resistencia de los morteros y cada agregado presentó un desempeño diferenciado por cada marca de cemento.  Se concluye que los bancos de materiales contienen composiciones diferentes influenciando las características y propiedades de las arenas y que entre diferentes marcas de cemento portland tipo II 30R RS se obtuvieron resistencias a la compresión diferentes, aun cuando su especificación los coloca en el mismo tipo.
Ecobrick as a smart solution for utilizing plastic and cloth waste in Jakarta
Authors: Yusuf Yusnidar , Sukmawati Wati , Riyanti Hurip Budi
Published: February 2021

The problem of waste or garbage in large cities is also the focus of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article aims to describe ecobrick activities as a solution to dealing with plastic and fabric waste in East Jakarta. The method used is empowerment by using several stages, namely the preparation stage and the implementation stage. Partners in this activity are women from RW 04 Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta. Community service activities were carried out in March-April 2020. This service encourages partners to be actively involved, in the form of collecting various types of waste that have been determined, discussing materials, ecobrick techniques, and product manufacturing. To evaluate the activity, documentation is carried out in the form of attendance, photos, videos, and the resulting products. The service activities run according to plan, in the form of two stages, namely the preparation stage and the implementation stage (Socialization and explanation of plastic bottle and cloth waste, the impact on the environment and training in managing plastic bottle waste and leftover cloth into useful products). Partners are enthusiastic about participating in this “Ecobrick” activity and producing useful seat products. Partners can take their time to make this product. In addition to protecting the environment, this program also has added value for the community. The recommendation for the next program activity is training on marketing its products both conventionally and online, to deal with this pandemic condition.
Preventive measures of Ayurveda and Yoga for Covid-19 Prophylaxis
Authors: Sita priya Darsini Yallabandi , Reddy J. Ravi Kumar , Raju D. Basava
Published: February 2021

Covid -19 outbreak is now a frustrating entity to the medical field and having dreadful impacts on the global health care system & its economy. A standard timeline of treatment for this entity is not yet being established. This situation demands an alternative search for its treatment in other science & also emphasises the importance of its prevention in the current situation by improving immunity. The basic aim of this paper is to search for various treatment & preventative regimes in Ayurveda, Yoga, Pranayama, and Meditation for the management of different communicable diseases. Various references in Ayurveda show that both preventative & curative aspect of airborne communicable diseases can be fulfilled with the help of Ayurveda. By the adopting Ayurvedic measures such as following proper Dincharaya, Rutucharya, Sadvritta, Achara Rasayana, Panchakarma , Shaman Cikitsa & Rasayana, Yogapachara , Spiritual therapies, Dhoopana Karma; both physical and mental health can be maintained & occurrence & spreading of such diseases can avoid. During this covid 19 pandemic, peoples maybe got stress and depression. To avoid such conditions used pranayama and meditation for better treatment. This was an encouraging development and a good initiative for the treatment.
Extent of Pharmacotherapy in Covid-19: An Observational Study in a Dedicated Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Perveen Rawshan Ara , Nasir Morshed , Rahman AFM Mohibur , Zahan Tahmina , Farha Nadia , Chaudhury ASM Salauddin
Published: February 2021

Objective: With the rapid increase in the rate of infection, repurposing use of many drugs like antivirals, antibiotics, LMWH, steroid, oxygen therapy were considered as an option to find promising anti-COVID therapeutics. In this study, we aim to observe the extent and variety of drugs used in different clinical categories of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital in Bangladesh. To observe the requirement of oxygen therapy according to severity was also a prime objective to reveal the overall trend, frequency, and pattern of pharmacotherapy in a COVID-dedicated hospital.
Materials and method: A total of 1348 patients were admitted, of whom 473 were included in this single-center retrospective study. The critical group consists of 99 ICU patients, the severe group has 38, moderate was 82 and mild group 254 cases, admitted in the general ward. Hospital records of each patient were screened and information about drug and supportive therapy were collected manually by the researchers in the data collection sheet. Data express in MS excel spreadsheet and result expressed in percentage.
Results: Critical group received remdesivir (85.86%), favipiravir (27.28%), meropenem (92.93%), moxifloxacin (87.88%) dexamethasone (41.48%), Low Molecular Weight Heparin (98.99%). They also received supportive O2 therapy like High Flow Nasal Cannula (67.68%), Non-Invasive Ventilation (26.67%), and mechanical ventilator (6.06%). A severe group of patients receives the same group of drugs 97.27%, 5.26%, 60.53%, 47.37%, methylprednisolone (55.26%), and 100% LMWH. A moderate group of the patient received favipiravir (97.56%), cephalosporin (64.67%), LMWH (89.02%) and low flow O2 (97.36%) in a higher percentage. All patients of the mild group received doxycycline, ivermectin. Total 33 patients transfuse convalescent plasma.
Conclusion: Antiviral, broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-protozoal, LMWH, corticosteroid, and oxygen therapy are the available treatment option against different clinical categories of admitted COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: COVID-19, antiviral, antibiotic, steroid, O2 therapy
Pattern of antibiotics resistance and phenotypic characterization of Multidrug resistant bacteria isolates in four hospitals of Littoral region, Cameroon
Authors: Wandji Takemegni Merlin Jonas , Jules clement Assob Nguedia , Jérôme Ateudjieu , George Enow Orock , Francois-Xavier Mbopi-Keou , Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe
Published: February 2021

Objective: To describe the pattern of antibiotics resistance and phenotypic characterization of Multidrug resistant bacteria isolates in four hospitals of Littoral region, Cameroon.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive hospital based cross-sectional study from December 2018 to May 2019. A simple random sampling was used to swap 10 selected equipment and 10 materials in the mornings after disinfection but before the start of work in seven units. After inoculation in four agar media consecutively (Eosine Metyleine blue, Cled, Manitol salt agar and blood agar ) and incubated in appropriate conditions, the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Results: Among 50.4% (119/236) showed positive bacteria growth, a total of 89 (13 species), predominant bacteria and those more likely to cause nosocomial infections were selected and tested each one to 18 antibiotics. There was high level of resistance to Penicillin (amoxicillin (77.5%) and Oxacillin (76.4%)), followed by 3G Cephalosporine (Ceftazidime (74.2%)) and Monobactam (Aztreonam (70.8%)). Although the least level of resistance was observed in Carbapenem (imipenem (5.6%)). The overall prevalence of MDRB was 62.9% (56/89). MRSA were the mostly detected 57.5 % (30/89), followed by ESBL 10.1% (9/89). Military hospital of Douala and Emergency unit was the MDRBs dominantly contaminated area respectively 39.3% (22/56) and 17.9% (10/56).
Conclusion: MDRB occurred to be a current public health problem as well as hospital surfaces are worrying reservoir that can be spread to patient, health professionals and visitors.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, susceptibility test, multidrug-resistant bacteria, Hospital facilities, Units, Littoral Region-Cameroon
Determinants of adherence to ARVs in HIV+ women enrolled in the PMTCT program in the West and North Regions of Cameroon
Authors: Tiotsia Tsapi Armand , Defo Tamgno Eric , Zogning Makemjio Émeline , Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Djeunang Dongho Ghyslaine Bruna , Sangong Rose Efeutmecheh , Tongue Kamga Hervé Davy , Nguefack-Tsague Georges , Russo Gianluca , Sanou Sobze Martin
Published: February 2021

Background: According to UNAIDS 2019, 52% of people worldwide living with HIV is on antiretrovirals (ARVs), HIV positive women representing 80% of them. This study aimed at highlighting the determinants of adherence to ARVs for HIV positive women enrolled in PMTCT programs in the West and North Regions of Cameroon.
Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from February to September 2019 in three treatment centres in the West (Bafoussam Regional Hospital and Dschang District Hospital) and North (Garoua Regional Hospital) regions in Cameroon. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered face to face and encoded in Excel 2013, then analyzed using SAS version 7.8. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant
Results: One thousand (1000) women were interviewed. The mean age was 17 ±2 years (Range: 12 – 67 years); 231 (23.1%) were single. Overall, the prevalence of ART-adherence was 68.6%. After multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression; having one HIV-infected children (aOR=60.9; 95%CI=[7.6; 489.1]; P=0.001), non-disclosure of serological status with the spouse/boyfriend (aOR=25.2; 95%CI=[9.2; 68.9]; P<0.001), not being educated (aOR=7.7; 95%CI=[4.4; 13.3]; P<0.001); and taking ARVs once or less daily (aOR=50; 95%CI=[20.0; 100.0]; P<0.001) were four risk factors for non-adherence.
Conclusion: ART-adherence among Cameroonian pregnant women is still very far below UNAIDS target (95%), with four potential key determinants identified. As we are progressively moving towards the elimination of HIV vertical transmission in 2030 as advocated by UNAIDS, local policies should be reinforced in order to consolidate the strides made so far.
Keywords: HIV, PMTCT, Pregnancy, Adherence, option B+, Cameroon.
An Introspection on the need of medication compliance in geriatric patients with hypertension
Authors: Nivya S , John Nimmy N , Thomas Aksa Maria
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Medication compliance is consequential part of treatment success. Medication non- compliance in geriatric patients leads to substantial worsening of disease, increased healthcare costs, and death.  Financial constraints and adverse events or side effects associated with non-compliance can be avoided by improving medication compliance. Objective: To assess the level of medication compliance in geriatric patients and to analyse factors causing non-compliance to medications. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2020 to July 2020 in a rural area of South India. 150 geriatric patients (aged >60 years) attending the Non- Communicable Disease (NCD) clinics in Primary Health Centres (PHC) were interviewed using validated questionnaires. Results: A total of 150 geriatric participants with Hypertension were assessed for the level of compliance for long term medications. Maximum numbers of participants were males (54%) and majority were found in the age group of 61-70 (42%) and good compliance was observed in 63% of the participants and suggests that the compliance level has decreased progressively with increasing age. Good compliance was seen in subjects with up to 2 medications (55%) compared to more than 2 medications (25%).  The level of compliance was good in 47%, moderate in 35% and poor in 18% of the participants. Conclusion: This study shows poor compliance to the prescribed medication among geriatric subjects with chronic diseases. Different strategies should be used to increase medication compliance in geriatric patients to achieve better outcomes in their health status.

Keywords: Medication compliance, Hypertension, geriatric patients
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI FUNGSI KUADRAT MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH PADA SISWA KELAS X SEMESTER GANJIL SMA NEGERI 1 PEUREULAK KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Lukman Lukman
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran matematika melalui pemecahan masalah dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Peureulak terhadap konsep fungsi kuadrat (2) untuk mengetahui respon siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Peureulak setelah penerapan pembelajaran matematika melalui pemecahan masalah pada pokok bahasan fungsi kuadrat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 siklus atau 3 kali pertemuan (RPP). Instrumen berupa tes, lembar observasi aktivitas guru, lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, lembar wawancara, lembar angket respon siswa. Teknis analisis adalah mereduksi data, penyajian data, penerikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh: (1) pembelajaran matematika melalui pemecahan masalah dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Peureulak terhadap konsep fungsi kuadrat dengan skor rata-rata 80,05 dan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal diperoleh 94,12%, (2) pembelajaran matematika melalui pemecahan masalah dapat menimbulkan rasa senang pada siswa, dapat berdiskusi, bertukar pendapat, dan saling membantu dalam memecahkan masalah, (3) respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran sangat positif.
Farklı Baharatlar Kullanılarak Üretilen Kalamar Esaslı Atıştırmalıkların Duyusal Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Kılınç Berna , Bulat Fevziye Nihan , Demir Atalay Sevcan
Published: February 2021

Türkiye’de satışa sunulan çok sayıda atıştırmalık ürün olmasına karşın, bu ürünlerin çoğunun beslenmeye katkılarının olmadığı literatürde belirtilmektedir. Buna karşın, atıştırmalıkların beslenmeye katkı sağlaması, insan sağlığı açısından yararlı olan su ürünlerinden elde edilmesi, Türk damak tadına uygun olarak üretilmesi, endüstriye kazandırılarak tüketiminin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Dünyada ise su ürünleri içerikli atıştırmalıklar satışa sunulup tüketilmesine rağmen, ülkemizde endüstriyel anlamda su ürünlerinden atıştırmalık üretimi ve satışı bulunmamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada sağlık açısından faydalı kalamar atıştırmalıklarının üretilmesi ve üretilen bu atıştırmalıkların duyusal açıdan değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada kalamarlardan 12 farklı baharat (toz kırmızıbiber, kimyon, kekik, yenibahar, çörek otu, susam, karabiber, zerdeçal, zencefil, soğan tozu, sarımsak tozu, tarçın) kullanılarak tüketime hazır baharat kaplı kalamar atıştırmalıkları elde edilmiştir. Her bir grup galeta unu+baharat karışımı ile ayrı ayrı kaplandıktan sonra 200 dereceye ayarlanmış olan fırında 20 dakika pişirme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Pişirme işlemi sonrasında atıştırmalıklar 30 adet paneliste sunularak duyusal açıdan değerlendirilmesi istenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın istatistiki değerlendirilmesi sonucunda panelistler tarafından genel kabul edilebilirlik açısından en beğenilen baharat kaplı kalamar atıştırmalıklarının soğan tozu, sarımsak tozu ve kekik kullanılarak hazırlanmış olan atıştırmalıkların olduğu, en beğenilmeyen grupların ise tarçınlı, yenibaharlı ve karabiber içerikli baharat kaplı kalamar atıştırmalıklarının olduğu belirtilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; bu tip tüketime hazır halde farklı formülasyonlarda baharat kaplı kalamar atıştırmalıklarına yönelik çalışmaların yapılması, en beğenilen formülasyonların belirlenmesi, farklı formülasyonlarda baharat kaplı kalamar atıştırmalıklarının üretilmesi ve marketlerde satışa sunulması arzu edilmektedir.