bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SSNN-Based Energy Management Strategy in Grid Connected System for Load Scheduling and Load Sharing
Authors: Teekaraman Yuvaraja , Kumar K. A. Ramesh , Kuppusamy Ramya , Thelkar Amruth Ramesh
Published: January 2022

The proposed research work focused on energy management strategy (EMS) in a grid connected system working in islanding mode with the connected renewable energy resources and battery storage system. The energy management strategy developed provides a balancing operation at its output by utilizing perfect load sharing strategy. The EMS technique using smart superficial neural network (SSNN) is simulated, and numerical analyses are presented to validate the effectiveness of the centralized energy management strategy in a grid connected islanded system. A SSNN prediction model is unified to forecast the associated household load demand, PV generation system under various time horizons (including the disaster condition), EV availability, and status on EV section and distance. SSNN is one the most reliable forecasting methods in many of the applications. The developed system is also accounted for degradation battery model and its associated cost. The incorporation of energy management strategy (EMS) reduces the amount of energy drawn from the grid connected system when compared with the other optimized systems.
Acupuncture Therapy on Patients with Flaccid Hemiplegia after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tu Yang , Peng Wei , Wang Jun , Hao QingHong , Wang Yang , Li Hui , Zhu TianMin
Published: January 2022

Background. Acupuncture is a commonly used complementary treatment for flaccid hemiplegia caused by stroke, but evidences from previous randomized trials were inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in a comprehensive synthesis. Methods. We searched literature from eight databases from their inception to December 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of flaccid hemiplegia following stroke. The meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0. The main indicator was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale. The modified Barthel Index scale, Quality Of Life Assessment scale, Mini-Mental State Examination scale, Berg Balance Scale, Neurological Deficit Assessment scale, and the treatment effective rate were used to measure the secondary indicators. Adverse events from individual studies were used to determine safety. Results. Our search returned 7624 records, of which 27 studies involving a total of 1,293 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. To be noted, our results indicated that significant improvements in the scores of the primary indicator showed better clinical scores among the three groups with acupuncture than without acupuncture: acupuncture compared with rehabilitation, 13.53 (95% CI 11.65–14.41,

P
<
0.01

); acupuncture plus rehabilitation compared with rehabilitation, 9.84 (95% CI 6.45–13.24,

P
<
0.01

, I2 = 98%); and acupuncture plus Western medicine therapy compared with Western medicine, 16.86 (95% CI 15.89–17.84,

P
<
0.01

, I2 = 38%), and the secondary indicators showed the same tendency. Conclusion. Acupuncture was effective and safe in the patients with flaccid hemiplegia after stroke, although there was high heterogeneity between studies.
NMR Analysis Method of Gas Flow Pattern in the Process of Shale Gas Depletion Development
Authors: Shen Rui , Hu Zhiming , Duan Xianggang , Sun Wei , Xiong Wei , Guo Hekun
Published: January 2022

Shale gas reservoirs have pores of various sizes, in which gas flows in different patterns. The coexistence of multiple gas flow patterns is common. In order to quantitatively characterize the flow pattern in the process of shale gas depletion development, a physical simulation experiment of shale gas depletion development was designed, and a high-pressure on-line NMR analysis method of gas flow pattern in this process was proposed. The signal amplitudes of methane in pores of various sizes at different pressure levels were calculated according to the conversion relationship between the NMR

T

2

relaxation time and pore radius, and then, the flow patterns of methane in pores of various sizes under different pore pressure conditions were analyzed as per the flow pattern determination criteria. It is found that there are three flow patterns in the process of shale gas depletion development, i.e., continuous medium flow, slip flow, and transitional flow, which account for 73.5%, 25.8%, and 0.7% of total gas flow, respectively. When the pore pressure is high, the continuous medium flow is dominant. With the gas production in shale reservoir, the pore pressure decreases, the Knudsen number increases, and the pore size range of slip flow zone and transitional flow zone expands. When the reservoir pressure is higher than the critical desorption pressure, the adsorbed gas is not desorbed intensively, and the produced gas is mainly free gas. When the reservoir pressure is lower than the critical desorption pressure, the adsorbed gas is gradually desorbed, and the proportion of desorbed gas in the produced gas gradually increases.
Multilevel Image Edge Detection Algorithm Based on Visual Perception
Authors: Li Hui
Published: January 2022

Multilevel image edge repair results directly affect the follow-up image quality evaluation and recognition. Current edge detection algorithms have the problem of unclear edge detection. In order to detect more accurate edge contour information, a multilevel image edge detection algorithm based on visual perception is proposed. Firstly, the digital image is processed by double filtering and fuzzy threshold segmentation; Through the analysis of the contour features of the moving image, the threshold of the moving image features is set, and the latest membership function is obtained to complete the multithreshold optimization. Adaptive smoothing is used to process the contour of the object in the moving image, and the geometric center values of the two adjacent contour points within the contour range are calculated. According to the calculation results, the curvature angle is further calculated, and the curvature symbol is obtained. According to the curvature symbol, the contour features of the moving image are detected. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively and accurately detect the edge contour of the image and shorten the reconstruction time, and the detection image resolution is high.
A

CaAl

2

Si

2

-Type Magnetic Semiconductor (Sr, Na)(Zn, Mn)2Sb2 Isostructural to 122-Type Iron-Based Superconductors
Authors: Gu Yilun , Zhang Rufei , Zhang Haojie , Fu Licheng , Zhi Guoxiang , Dong Jinou , Zhao Xueqin , Xie Lingfeng , Ning Fanlong
Published: January 2022

A new diluted magnetic semiconductor (Sr, Na)(Zn, Mn)2Sb2 has been successfully synthesized by doping Na and Mn into the parent compound

SrZn

2

Sb

2

, which has a

CaAl

2

Si

2

-type crystal structure (space group

P

3
¯

m
1

, No. 164,

h
P
5

) isostructural to the 122-type iron-based superconductor

CaFe

2

As

2

. No magnetic ordering has been observed when only spins are doped by (Zn, Mn) substitution. Only with carriers codoped by (Sr, Na) substitution, a ferromagnetic ordering occurs below the maximum Curie temperature

T

C

∼9.5 K. Comparing with other

CaAl

2

Si

2

-type diluted magnetic semiconductors, we will show that negative chemical pressure suppresses the Curie temperature.
Prediction and Analysis of PDC Bit Wear in Conglomerate Layer with Machine Learning and Finite-Element Method
Authors: Wang Li-qiang , Shao Ming-ji , Zhang Wei , Xiao Zhi-peng , Yang Shuo , Yang Ming-he
Published: January 2022

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits experience a serious wear problem in drilling tight gravel layers. To achieve efficient drilling and prolong the bit service life, a simplified model of a PDC bit with double cutting teeth was established by using finite-element numerical simulation technology, and the rock-breaking process of PDC bit cutting teeth was simulated using the Archard wear principle. The numerical simulation results of the wear loss of the PDC bit cutting teeth, such as the caster angle, temperature, linear velocity, and bit pressure, as well as previous experimental research results, were combined into a training dataset. Then, machine learning methods for equal-probability gene expression programming (EP-GEP) were used. Based on the accuracy of the training set, the effectiveness of this method in predicting the wear of PDC bits was demonstrated by verifying the dataset. Finally, a prediction dataset was established by a Latin hypercube experiment and finite-element numerical simulation. Through comparison with the EP-GEP prediction results, it was verified that the prediction accuracy of this method meets actual engineering needs. The results of the sensitivity analysis method for the gray correlation degree show that the degree of influence of bit wear is in the order of temperature, back dip angle of the PDC cutter, linear speed, and bit pressure. These results demonstrate that when an actual PDC bit is drilling hard strata such as a conglomerate layer, after the local high temperature is generated in the formation cut by the bit, appropriate cooling measures should be taken to increase the bit pressure and reduce the rotating speed appropriately. Doing so can effectively reduce the wear of the bit and prolong its service life. This study provides guidance for predicting the wear of a PDC bit when drilling in conglomerate, adjusting drilling parameters reasonably, and prolonging the service life of the bit.
A New Method for Calculating the Cementation Exponent of Triple-Porosity Media Reservoirs
Authors: Wang Dahai , Li Jinbu , Liu Lili , Zhang Ji , Yu Zhanhai , Peng Jun
Published: January 2022

The value of a cementation exponent, usually obtained by rock and electricity experiments, significantly affects the calculation of water saturation, thickness of the hydrocarbon reservoir, and recovery rate. The determination of the cementation exponent for porous-media reservoirs has been a challenge because of the limited core sampling. A new method was proposed to determine the value of cementation exponent for complex triple-porosity media reservoirs in the work. Firstly, the work discussed the effects of fractures and nonconnected vugs on the cementation exponent of the reservoir as well as the calculation method of the cementation exponent of the dual-porosity media reservoir. Then, a new model for calculating the cementation exponent of triple-porosity media reservoirs was derived by combining the Maxwell-Garnett theory and series-parallel theory, which matched with the real physical-experiment data of rocks. The results showed that the fractures decreased the cementation exponent of the reservoir but the vugs increased. The mixture of matrix pores, fractures, and vugs made the value of the cementation exponent of the triple-porosity media reservoir vary around 2.0. The conductivity of the triple-porosity media reservoir was the external macroscopic expression of the microscopic conductive network. The new calculation model of the cementation exponent proposed in the work could reasonably predict the cementation exponent of the strongly inhomogeneous triple-porosity media reservoir.
A Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for the Measurement of Total Complement Activity in the Serum and Clinical Practice
Authors: Ding Xuewei , Li Shijun , Liu Hui
Published: January 2022

Objective. To develop a novel sensitive and accurate assay suitable for high-volume testing of the total complement activity in the serum for clinical laboratories. Methods. The total complement activity (TCA) to be measured was quantified by detecting the number of fragments produced by erythrocyte lysis and the erythrocyte fragmentation index (EFI), indicating TCA.

EFI
=
M
×
M
2
/

M
1
+
M
2

, where

M

is the number of erythrocyte fragments (removed from the background),

M
1

is the number of unagglutinated red cells,

M
2

is the number of agglutinated red cell groups, and

M
2
/

M
1
+
M
2

is the agglutination coefficient indicating the degree of erythrocyte agglutination. Mild changes in hemolysin and erythrocyte concentrations were made to optimize the testing conditions. The same serum samples were tested for 10 consecutive days to determine the stability of the experimental results. Serum EFI was detected in both nephrotic syndrome patients and healthy subjects. Results. There was a linear relationship between hemolysin and erythrocyte agglutination (

r
=
0.999

,

P
<
0.001

). A good linear relationship existed between EFI and TCA (

r
=
0.991

,

P
<
0.001

). The results were not affected by slight fluctuations in the concentrations of hemolysin or erythrocytes. The interbatch

CV
=
8.6
%

of the test results showed good stability. There was a significant difference in the EFI between nephrotic syndrome patients and healthy individuals,

P
<
0.001

, and EFI was reduced in nephrotic syndrome patients compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion. The flow cytometry-based assay for TCA was sensitive and accurate and had potential value for clinical application.
Retrospective Analysis of Cervical Cancer Treatment Outcomes: Ten Years of Experience with the Vaginal Assisted Radical Laparoscopic Hysterectomy VARLH
Authors: Wojdat R. , Malanowska E.
Published: January 2022

Background. LACC trial demonstrated inferiority of laparoscopic approach for the treatment of early‐stage cervical cancer. There are still limited data from retrospective trials regarding whether survival outcomes after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy are equivalent to those after open abdominal radical hysterectomy. In this study, we present results of combined vaginal radical laparoscopic hysterectomy in the treatment of early‐stage cervical cancer. Methods. This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Gynecology in Mathilden Hospital (Herford, Germany). Between January 2008 and April 2018, all the patients with invasive cervical cancer who underwent combined vaginal assisted radical laparoscopic hysterectomy (VARLH) without the use of any uterine manipulator were enrolled to the study. Results. A total number of 124 patients with diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer were enrolled in the study. All of the patients underwent minimally invasive surgery and were divided according to FIGO 2019: stage IA (25.9%), IB1 (25.0%), IB2‐IIB (28.4%), and III/IV (20.7%). Overall, the mean age of the patients was 51.84 years. After a study collection, a median follow‐up was 45.6 (range 23.7‐76.5) months. The 3‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival rates for early‐stage cervical cancer were both 98%, and the 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates were 100% and 97%, respectively. We have not observed any recurrence in our study group of patients with early‐stage cervical cancer. Conclusions. Combined VARLH can be considered a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of early‐stage cervical cancer. Surgical strategy with oncological principles determines the quality and long‐term success of the operation in early cervical cancer regardless of laparoscopic approach.
Impacts of Angelica Polysaccharide on Proliferation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Rat Bone Marrow
Authors: Yang Shimao , Gao Fei , Li Min , Gao Zhennan
Published: January 2022

In literature, antiosteoporotic effects of Angelica sinensis root have been confirmed, but the impact of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on osteoblastic or adipogenic distinction of BMSCs is limited. This paper aimed to explore the role of ASP on proliferation and differentiation of rat BMSCs. Rat BMSCs were subjected to isolation and identification through flow cytometry. The proliferation of rat BMSCs under ASP was performed by CCK-8 kit. Measures of osteogenesis under different concentrations of ASP were detected by using alizarin red staining for mesenchymal cells differentiation and ALP activity assay to identify ALP activity. Quantitative RT-PCR was selected to identify osteoblastic or adipogenic biomarkers from a genetic perspective. Likewise, we have evaluated measures of indicators of Wnt/β-catenin signal. ASP significantly promoted the proliferation, increased osteogenesis, and decreased adipogenesis of rat BMSCs within the limit of 20–60 mg/L in a dose-dependent manner but was suppressed at 80 mg/L. The expression of cyclin D1 and ß-catenin showed a considerable rise over the course of ASP induced osteogenesis. Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) suppressed the regulation of rat BMSCs differentiation through the mediation of ASP. We have observed that ASP upregulated the osteogenic but downregulated adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and our findings help to contribute to effective solutions for treating bone disorders.
Overlapping Decentralized Control Strategies of Building Structure Vibration Based on Fault‐Tolerant Control under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Kang Xiaofang , Li Shuai , Xia Guanghui , Xu Qinghu , Man Dawei , Shi Xianzeng , Huang Houxu , Xu Ying
Published: January 2022

The vibration control system of a building structure under a strong earthquake can be regarded as a large complex system composed of a series of overlapping subsystems. In this paper, the overlapping decentralized control of building structure vibration under seismic excitation is studied. Combining the overlapping decentralized control method, H∞ control algorithm, and passive fault‐tolerant control method, a passive fault‐tolerant overlapping decentralized control method based on the H∞ control algorithm is proposed. In this paper, the design of robust H∞ finite frequency passive fault‐tolerant static output feedback controller for each subsystem is studied. The fault matrix of the subcontroller is expressed by a polyhedron with finite vertices. In order to reduce the influence of external disturbance on the controlled output, the finite frequency H∞ control is adopted and the Hamiltonian matrix is avoided. In this paper, the passive fault‐tolerant overlapping decentralized control method based on H∞ control algorithm is applied to the vibration control system of the four‐story building structure excited by the Hachinohe seismic wave. One drive is set on each layer of the structure, and a total of four drives are set. Select the driver fault factor of 0.5 or 1 and the frequency band [0.3, 8] Hz. The overlapping decentralized control scheme and 16 fault‐tolerant fault matrices are designed, and the numerical comparison results are given. The results show that both overlapping decentralized control strategy and multioverlapping decentralized control strategy have achieved good control results. Due to the different number of subsystems and overlapping information, the overlapping decentralized control scheme increases the flexibility of controller setting and reduces the computational cost.
Metabolomic Identification of Serum Exosome-Derived Biomarkers for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Du Yang , Dong Ji-Hui , Chen Lei , Liu Hua , Zheng Guang-En , Chen Guang-Yang , Cheng Yong
Published: January 2022

Background. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play important roles in various physiological and pathological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that exosome-derived contents are promising biomarkers to inform the pathogenesis and diagnosis of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Methods. We used ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the differentially expressed metabolites in serum exosomes of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and evaluated the potential of exosomal metabolites as biomarkers for BD. Results. Our results showed 26 differentially expressed serum exosomal metabolites in patients with BD (

n
=
32

) when compared with healthy control (HC) subjects (

n
=
40

), and these differentially expressed metabolites were enriched in pathways related to sugar metabolism. We then utilized random forest classifier and identified 15 exosomal metabolites that can be used to classify samples from patients with BD and HC subjects with 0.838 accuracy (95% CI, 0.604–1.00) in the training set of participants. These 15 metabolites showed excellent performance in differentiating between patients with BD and HC subjects in the testing set of participants, with 0.971 accuracy (95% CI, 0.865–1.00). Importantly, the 15 exosomal metabolites also showed good to excellent performance in differentiating between BD patients and other major psychiatric diseases (major depressive disorder and schizophrenia). Conclusion. Collectively, our findings for the first time revealed a potential role of exosomal metabolite dysregulations in the onset and/or development of BD and suggested that blood exosomal metabolites are strong candidates to inform the diagnosis of BD.
Research on the Use of Neural Network for the Prediction of College Students’ Mental Health
Authors: Liu Haoyue , Xu Jilin
Published: January 2022

A healthy mental status of students plays an important role in getting quality of education. Hence, research on the prediction of college students’ mental health status is of great importance and considered as a hot area of research. In this specific research study, back propagation (BP) algorithm is adopted to learn verities of characteristics of different students from the historical data of the students including: psychological characteristics, basic personal characteristics, and socio-economic characteristics. In the initial stage of the modeling, data preprocessing steps are used to prepare the data to be used by the BP algorithm for building model. The rationales behind the use of BP algorithm are its capability of handling heterogeneity of data and exploring correlations among different characteristics. The proposed model enhances the capability of BP algorithm for risk prediction of psychological problem of the students and achieves higher precision of psychological problem prediction. The results obtained show that the error between the predicted and measured values is 0.88%.
Ultrasonic Intelligent Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhou Heng , Liu Bin , Liu Yang , Huang Qunan , Yan Wei
Published: January 2022

Thyroid diseases are divided into papillary carcinoma and nodular diseases, which are very harmful to the human body. Ultrasound is a common diagnostic method for thyroid diseases. In the process of diagnosis, doctors need to observe the characteristics of ultrasound images, combined with professional knowledge and clinical experience, to give the disease situation of patients. However, different doctors have different clinical experience and professional backgrounds, and the diagnosis results lack objectivity and consistency, so an intelligent diagnosis technology for thyroid diseases based on the ultrasound image is needed in clinic, which can give objective and reliable diagnosis opinions on thyroid diseases by extracting the texture, shape, and other information of the image and assist doctors in clinical diagnosis. This paper mainly studies the intelligent ultrasonic diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer based on machine learning, compares the ultrasonic characteristics of PTMC diagnosed by using the new ultrasound technology (CEUS and UE), and summarizes the differential diagnosis effect and clinical application value of the two technology methods for PTMC. In this paper, machine learning, diffuse thyroid image features, and RBM learning methods are used to study the ultrasonic intelligent diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer based on machine learning. At the same time, the new contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) technology and ultrasound elastography (UE) technology are used to obtain the experimental phenomena in the experiment of ultrasonic intelligent diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer. The results showed that 90% of the cases were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and confirmed by postoperative pathology. CEUS and UE have reliable practical value in the diagnosis of PTMC, and the combined application of CEUS and UE can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of PTMC diagnosis.
Design Computer-Aided Diagnosis System Based on Chest CT Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Yanying , Liu Shanshan , Yue Xianwen
Published: January 2022

At present, the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer have always been one of the research hotspots in the medical field. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease are necessary means to improve the survival rate of lung cancer patients and reduce their mortality. The introduction of computer-aided diagnosis technology can easily, quickly, and accurately identify the lung nodule area as an imaging feature of early lung cancer for the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer and is helpful for the quantitative analysis of the characteristics of lung nodules and is useful for distinguishing benign and malignant lung nodules. Growth provides an objective diagnostic reference standard. This paper studies ITK and VTK toolkits and builds a system platform with MFC. By studying the process of doctors diagnosing lung nodules, the whole system is divided into seven modules: suspected lung shadow detection, image display and image annotation, and interaction. The system passes through the entire lung nodule auxiliary diagnosis process and obtains the number of nodules, the number of malignant nodules, and the number of false positives in each set of lung CT images to analyze the performance of the auxiliary diagnosis system. In this paper, a lung region segmentation method is proposed, which makes use of the obvious differences between the lung parenchyma and other human tissues connected with it, as well as the position relationship and shape characteristics of each human tissue in the image. Experiments are carried out to solve the problems of lung boundary, inaccurate segmentation of lung wall, and depression caused by noise and pleural nodule adhesion. Experiments show that there are 2316 CT images in 8 sets of images of different patients, and the number of nodules is 56. A total of 49 nodules were detected by the system, 7 were missed, and the detection rate was 87.5%. A total of 64 false-positive nodules were detected, with an average of 8 per set of images. This shows that the system is effective for CT images of different devices, pixel pitch, and slice pitch and has high sensitivity, which can provide doctors with good advice.
Quanzhenyiqitang Reverses LPS-Induced Inflammation via Inhibiting PYK2/p38MAPK/HDAC2/CK2 Signaling Pathway in Rat Alveolar Macrophage
Authors: Chen Ke-Qiang , Li Da-zhi , Chen Zhi-bin , Zhang Chuan-lin , Wang Bin-can , Wang Chun-e
Published: January 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic pulmonary disease with multiple etiologies and pathological changes. PYK2 expression is significantly increased in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury, but it mediates chronic lung inflammation. The mechanism of its occurrence remains unclear. Quanzhenyiqitang is often used in clinical treatment of COPD, so this study explored the mechanism of its treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. In this study, transfection, flow cytometry, QRT-PCR, and Western blotting methods were used to study the mechanism of Quanzhenyiqitang lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. The results showed that the mechanism of occurrence remains unclear. Our novel observations imply that the PYK2/p38MAPK/HDAC2/CK2 pathway is one of the fundamental underlying mechanisms that mediate the pathogenic progression of COPD, and Quanzhenyiqitang may be the therapeutic drug to prevent chronic inflammation and delay the progression of COPD by inhibiting PYK2 signaling pathways.
Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control of a Hybrid VTOL UAV against Actuator Faults and Model Uncertainties under Fixed-Wing Mode
Authors: He Ao , Zhang Yinong , Zhao Huimin , Wang Ban , Gao Zhenghong
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes an adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy for a hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to simultaneously compensate actuator faults and model uncertainties. With the proposed adaptive control schemes, both actuator faults and model uncertainties can be accommodated without the knowledge of fault information and uncertainty bounds. The proposed control scheme is constructed with two separate control modules. The low-level control allocation module is used to distribute the virtual control signals among the available redundant actuators. The high-level control module is constructed with an adaptive sliding mode controller, which is employed to maintain the overall system tracking performance in both faulty and uncertain conditions. In the case of actuator faults and model uncertainties, the adaptive scheme will be triggered to generate more virtual control signals to compensate the virtual control error and maintain the desired system tracking performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through comparative simulation tests under different faulty and uncertain scenarios.
Multisource Heterogeneous Data Fusion Analysis of Regional Digital Construction Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Wu Qiong , Li Xuetao
Published: January 2022

In modern urban construction, digitalization has become a trend, but the single source of information of traditional algorithms can not meet people’s needs, so the data fusion technology needs to draw estimation and judgment from multisource data to increase the confidence of data, improve reliability, and reduce uncertainty. In order to understand the influencing factors of regional digitalization, this paper conducts multisource heterogeneous data fusion analysis based on regional digitalization of machine learning, using decision tree and artificial neural network algorithm, compares the management efficiency and satisfaction of school population under different algorithms, and understands the data fusion and construction under different algorithms. According to the results, decision-making tree and artificial neural network algorithms were more efficient than traditional methods in building regional digitization, and their magnitude was about 60% higher. More importantly, the machine learning-based methods in multisource heterogeneous data fusion have been better than traditional calculation methods both in computational efficiency and misleading rate with respect to false alarms and missed alarms. This shows that machine learning methods can play an important role in the analysis of multisource heterogeneous data fusion in regional digital construction.
Hybrid Metric K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm and Applications
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhong Peisi , Liu Mei , Song Qingjun , Liang Zhongyuan , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2022

The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is a classical machine learning algorithm. Most KNN algorithms are based on a single metric and do not further distinguish between repeated values in the range of K values, which can lead to a reduced classification effect and thus affect the accuracy of fault diagnosis. In this paper, a hybrid metric-based KNN algorithm is proposed to calculate a composite metric containing distance and direction information between test samples, which improves the discriminability of the samples. In the experiments, the hybrid metric KNN (HM-KNN) algorithm proposed in this paper is compared and validated with a variety of KNN algorithms based on a single distance metric on six data sets, and an HM-KNN application method is given for the forward gait stability control of a bipedal robot, where the abnormal motion is considered as a fault, and the distribution of zero moment points when the abnormal motion is generated is compared. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good data differentiation and generalization ability for different data sets, and it is feasible to apply it to the walking stability control of bipedal robots based on deep neural network control.
A Systematic Review of Greenhouse Humidity Prediction and Control Models Using Fuzzy Inference Systems
Authors: Vanegas-Ayala Sebastian-Camilo , Barón-Velandia Julio , Leal-Lara Daniel-David
Published: January 2022

Cultivating in greenhouses constitutes a fundamental tool for the development of high-quality crops with a high degree of profitability. Prediction and control models guarantee the correct management of environment variables, for which fuzzy inference systems have been successfully implemented. The purpose of this review is determining the various relationships in fuzzy inference systems currently used for the modelling, prediction, and control of humidity in greenhouses and how they have changed over time to be able to develop more robust and easier to understand models. The methodology follows the PRISMA work guide. A total of 93 investigations in 4 academic databases were reviewed; their bibliometric aspects, which contribute to the objective of the investigation, were extracted and analysed. It was finally concluded that the development of models based in Mamdani fuzzy inference systems, integrated with optimization and fuzzy clustering techniques, and following strategies such as model-based predictive control guarantee high levels of precision and interpretability.
Compact Broadband Circularly Polarized CPW-Fed Antenna with Characteristic Mode Analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Nan Jingchang , Gao Mingming
Published: January 2022

A compact circularly polarized (CP) antenna is proposed for low-profile and wideband operation based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A ring patch with a gap and two arc-shaped metallic stubs as the radiator is analyzed and optimized by CMA to figure out the orthogonal modes and operating frequency band for potential good axial ratio (AR) performance. The studies of these CP modes provide a physical insight into the property of broadband circular polarization. Such an in-depth understanding paves the way for the proposal of novel CP antenna with separation between the design of radiator and feeding network. A 50-Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) is introduced and placed appropriately to excite the desired modes based on the information from CMA, which employs two asymmetric ground planes to improve the performance in terms of AR and impedance matching. The antenna with a compact size of 0.71λ0 × 0.76λ0 × 0.038λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency of the 3-dB AR bandwidth) is fabricated and measured for validation. The realized gain varies from 1.6 to 3.1 dBic over the operating bandwidth characterized by the measured 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 83.8% (3.98–9.72 GHz) and 3-dB AR bandwidth of 70.3% (4.59–9.57 GHz), respectively.
Multielement Imaging Reveals the Diagenetic Features and Varied Water Redox Conditions of a Lacustrine Dolomite Nodule
Authors: Liu Yuke , He Wenyuan , Zhang Jinyou , Liu Zhenwu , Chen Fazi , Wang Huajian , Ye Yuntao , Lyu Yitong , Gao Zhiyong , Yu Zhichao , Bi Lina , Zhang Shuichang
Published: January 2022

The genesis of dolostone has long been puzzling for more than two centuries. Although much work has been done on investigating the process of dolomitization, little emphasis has been put on examining the diagenetic water redox condition with the wealthy geochemical information preserved in primary dolomite, which is believed to archive the aqueous environment as well as biotic and/or abiotic effects during formation. In situ interpretation with high resolution is a prerequisite in refined research of dolomite. Here, we reported the multielement imaging results of a lacustrine dolomite nodule with the host black shale from the Songliao Basin, northeast of China. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) with a spatial resolution down to 10 μm was used for in situ scanning. Two key parameter settings of the μ-XRF, including single-point exposure time and spatial resolution, were optimized to achieve a better result in a reasonable scanning time scale. The final imaging data graphically revealed dynamic variation of elemental distributions, including elements enriched in dolomite (e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn), clastic quartz (Si), and clay minerals (e.g., Al and K) and redox-sensitive trace elements (e.g., Cr, Mo, V, and U). The well-preserved laminated structures inside the nodule and the features with a magnesium-rich core wrapped with an iron-concentric outer layer and a manganese-concentric shell together indicated its primary form as dolomite and a gradual transformation into ankerite as well as manganese-ankerite. The elemental variation indicates a varied bottom water redox condition, which involved from sulfidic to ferruginous and manganous zones. Here, we propose that the intermittent supplies of sulfate and Fe-/Mn-oxidized minerals interrupting the black shale deposition while favoring dolomitization might be brought by the oxidized and salted seawater. And this lacustrine dolomite is expected to be a potential fingerprint mineral in tracking the seawater intrusions to the Songliao Basin which happened 91 million years ago.
Neural Matrix Factorization Recommendation for User Preference Prediction Based on Explicit and Implicit Feedback
Authors: Liu Huazhen , Wang Wei , Zhang Yihan , Gu Renqian , Hao Yaqi
Published: January 2022

Explicit feedback and implicit feedback are two important types of heterogeneous data for constructing a recommendation system. The combination of the two can effectively improve the performance of the recommendation system. However, most of the current deep learning recommendation models fail to fully exploit the complementary advantages of two types of data combined and usually only use binary implicit feedback data. Thus, this paper proposes a neural matrix factorization recommendation algorithm (EINMF) based on explicit-implicit feedback. First, neural network is used to learn nonlinear feature of explicit-implicit feedback of user-item interaction. Second, combined with the traditional matrix factorization, explicit feedback is used to accurately reflect the explicit preference and the potential preferences of users to build a recommendation model; a new loss function is designed based on explicit-implicit feedback to obtain the best parameters through the neural network training to predict the preference of users for items; finally, according to prediction results, personalized recommendation list is pushed to the user. The feasibility, validity, and robustness are fully demonstrated in comparison with multiple baseline models on two real datasets.
Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients with Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Adjuvant Osimertinib in the Phase III ADAURA Trial
Authors: Majem Margarita , Goldman Jonathan W. , John Thomas , Grohe Christian , Laktionov Konstantin , Kim Sang-We , Kato Terufumi , Vu Huu Vinh , Lu Shun , Li Shanqing , Lee Kye Young , Akewanlop Charuwan , Yu Chong-Jen , de Marinis Filippo , Bonanno Laura , Domine Manuel , Shepherd Frances A. , Atagi Shinji , Zeng Lingmin , Kulkarni Dakshayini , Medic Nenad , Tsuboi Masahiro , Herbst Roy S. , Wu Yi-Long
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

In the phase III ADAURA trial, adjuvant treatment with osimertinib versus placebo, with/without prior adjuvant chemotherapy, resulted in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful disease-free survival benefit in completely resected stage IB–IIIA EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes from ADAURA.

Patients and Methods:

Patients randomized 1:1 received oral osimertinib 80 mg or placebo for 3 years or until recurrence/discontinuation. HRQoL (secondary endpoint) was measured using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks, then every 24 weeks until recurrence or treatment completion/discontinuation. Exploratory analyses of SF-36 score changes from baseline until week 96 and time to deterioration (TTD) were performed in the overall population (stage IB–IIIA; N = 682). Clinically meaningful changes were defined using the SF-36 manual.

Results:

Baseline physical/mental component summary (PCS/MCS) scores were comparable between osimertinib and placebo (range, 46–47) and maintained to Week 96, with no clinically meaningful differences between arms; difference in adjusted least squares (LS) mean [95% confidence intervals (CI), −1.18 (−2.02 to −0.34) and −1.34 (−2.40 to −0.28), for PCS and MCS, respectively. There were no differences between arms for TTD of PCS and MCS; HR, 1.17 (95% CI, 0.82–1.67) and HR, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.70–1.39), respectively.

Conclusions:

HRQoL was maintained with adjuvant osimertinib in patients with stage IB–IIIA EGFRm NSCLC, who were disease-free after complete resection, with no clinically meaningful differences versus placebo, further supporting adjuvant osimertinib as a new treatment in this setting.

See related commentary by Patil and Bunn, p. 2204
PBRM1 Inactivation Promotes Upregulation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in a HIF-Dependent Manner
Authors: Zhou Mi , Leung Janet Y. , Gessner Kathryn H. , Hepperla Austin J. , Simon Jeremy M. , Davis Ian J. , Kim William Y.
Published: January 2022

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered an immunotherapy-responsive disease; however, the reasons for this remain unclear. Studies have variably implicated PBRM1 mutations as a predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response, and separate studies demonstrate that expression of human endogenous retroviruses (hERV) might be an important class of tumor-associated antigens. We sought to understand whether specific mutations were associated with hERV expression. Two large, annotated genomic datasets, TCGA KIRC and IMmotion150, were used to correlate mutations and hERV expression. PBRM1 mutations were consistently associated with increased hERV expression in primary tumors. In vitro silencing of PBRM1, HIF1A, and HIF2A followed by RNA sequencing was performed in UMRC2 cells, confirming that PBRM1 regulates hERVs in a HIF1α- and HIF2α-dependent manner and that hERVs of the HERVERI superfamily are enriched in PBRM1-regulated hERVs. Our results uncover a role for PBRM1 in the negative regulation of hERVs in ccRCC. Moreover, the HIF-dependent nature of hERV expression explains the previously reported ccRCC-specific clinical associations of PBRM1-mutant ccRCC with both a good prognosis as well as improved clinical outcomes to ICB.

See related Spotlight by Labaki et al., p. 274.
On the Nose: Anti-MDA-5 Dermatomyositis Manifesting as Perinasal Swelling
Authors: Molina Emily , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Albayda Jemima
Published: January 2022

The clinical presentation of dermatomyositis (DM) is diverse, with varied phenotypes that may be correlated with specific autoantibodies. The anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody in DM is associated with an amyopathic phenotype of DM, with several unusual cutaneous manifestation and increased risk for rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Initial presentation may be subtle, but early diagnosis is key to initiation of proper immunosuppressive therapy. In this report, we describe perinasal edema and erythema as a presenting complaint of anti-MDA5 DM in an otherwise healthy 40-year-old woman. The edema began shortly after heavy sun exposure and was followed by painful papules in her hands and arthritis within a few weeks. She was found to have high titer of anti-CCP and anti-MDA5, and thus was diagnosed with DM and rheumatoid arthritis overlap. A CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed patchy ground-glass and interstitial opacities in bilateral lower lobes consistent with mild interstitial lung disease without evidence of malignancy. Perinasal cutaneous findings and arthralgias improved with initiation of prednisone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of perinasal edema as a presenting symptom for DM and should raise suspicion for MDA-5 disease.
Current Views on Noninvasive in vivo Determination of Physiological Parameters of the Stratum Corneum Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Darvin Maxim E. , Schleusener Johannes , Lademann Jürgen , Choe Chun-Sik
Published: January 2022

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy is widely used in dermatology and cosmetology for analysis of the concentration of skin components (lipids, natural moisturizing factor molecules, water) and the penetration depth of cosmetic/medical formulations in the human stratum corneum (SC) in vivo. In recent years, it was shown that confocal Raman microspectroscopy can also be used for noninvasive in vivo depth-dependent determination of the physiological parameters of the SC, such as lamellar and lateral organization of intercellular lipids (ICLs), folding properties of keratin, water mobility, and hydrogen bonding states. The results showed that the strongest skin barrier function, which is primarily manifested by the orthorhombic organization of ICLs, is provided at ≈20–40% SC depth, which is related to the maximal bonding state of water with surrounding components in the SC. The secondary and tertiary structures of keratin determine water binding in the SC, which is depth-dependent. This paper shows the technical possibility and advantage of confocal Raman microspectroscopy in noninvasive investigation of the skin and summarizes recent results on in vivo investigation of the human SC.
Weight Change Alters the Small RNA Profile of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Obesity
Authors: Choi Dughyun , Kim Sewon , Woo Jeyoung , Lee Haekyung , Kim Hyoungnae , Jeon Jin Seok , Noh Hyunjin , Han Dong Cheol , Kim Sang Hyun , Cho Ho Chan , Choi Jong-Soo , Bae Yun-Ui , Kwon Soon Hyo
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Various kidney diseases reportedly show different urinary extracellular vesicle (EV) RNA profiles. Although obesity is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease, the expression pattern of urinary EV RNA in obesity is uncertain. Our aim was to sequence the small RNA profiles of urinary EVs in obese patients before and after weight reduction and compare them to those of healthy volunteers (HVs). Methods: We recruited age-sex-matched obese patients and HVs. The small RNA profiles of urinary EVs were analyzed using RNA sequencing. To evaluate the effect of weight reduction, small RNA profiles of urinary EVs 6 months after bariatric surgery were also analyzed. Results: The proportion of urinary EVs transfer RNA and microRNA of obese patients differed from that of HVs. Obese patients showed differential expression of 1,343 small RNAs in urinary EVs compared to HVs (fold change ≥2 and p value <0.05). Among those, 61 small RNAs were upregulated in obese patients and downregulated after weight reduction, whereas 167 small RNAs were downregulated in obese patients and upregulated after weight reduction. RNA sequencing revealed the correlation between the specific urinary EV small RNAs and clinical parameters including body weight, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria. Conclusion: Obese patients showed distinct urinary EV small RNA profiles compared to HVs. Weight reduction altered urinary EV small-RNA profiles in obese patients.