bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Karakteristik Bijih pada Ekstraksi Nikel dari Bijih Limonit Indonesia menggunakan Pelindian Atmosferik
Authors: Astuti Widi , Mufakhir Fika Rofiek , Nurjaman Fajar , Sumardi Slamet , Herlina Ulin , Bahfie Fathan , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti
Published: September 2021

AbstrakKebutuhan ekstraksi nikel dari bijih nikel laterit khususnya jenis bijih limonit dengan kadar nikel yang rendah sangat diperlukan karena kebutuhan nikel yang terus meningkat dengan adanya pengembangan kendaraan bermotor listrik berbasis baterai. Jenis dan karakteristik bijih laterit yang berbeda akan memberikan pengaruh pada hasil ekstraksi nikel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi nikel dari bijih laterit jenis limonit yang berasal dari Pulau Halmahera (LH)) dan Pulau Sulawesi (LS) menggunakan pelindian atmosferik. Asam sulfat digunakan sebagai agen pelindian. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik bijih limonit (LH dan LS) pada berbagai variabel pelindian yaitu suhu (30oC, 50oC dan 80oC), konsentrasi asam sulfat (0,5M; 1M; dan 2M), waktu pelindian (15, 30, 60, 120, dan 240 menit), serta rasio bijih terhadap reagen pelindian (5, 10, dan 20% w/v) terhadap ekstraksi nikel dari bijih limonit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bijih laterit sangat berpengaruh pada hasil pelindian dan persen rekoveri nikel. Nikel dari bijih LH yaitu jenis limonit dari Pulau Halmahera dapat diekstrak secara maksimal (100%) pada konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5M, suhu 80oC, rasio bijih/larutan asam sulfat 10%, dan waktu pelindian 2 jam. Sedangkan persen ekstraksi nikel dari bijih LS yang terbesar adalah 95% yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi asam sulfat 2M, suhu 80oC, rasio bijih/larutan asam sulfat 5%, dan waktu pelindian 4 jam. AbstractNickel extraction from nickel laterite ores particularly low-grade limonite ore is needed along with the increase of nickel consumption on the development of battery electric vehicle. Types and characteristics of nickel laterite ores affect greatly on the nickel extraction from these ores. This research conducted the extraction of nickel from limonite ore from different areas i.e. Halmahera Island (LH) and Sulawesi Island (LS) using atmosferic leaching. Sulfuric acid (1M) was used as leaching reagent. Leaching processes were carried out for investigating the effects of limonite ore characteristics (LH and LS), leaching temperatures (30oC, 50oC dan 80oC), concentration of sulfuric acid (0.5M; 1M; 2M), leaching time (15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes), and ratio of ore amount to volume of leaching reagent on the nickel extraction from limonite ores. Experimental results showed that ore characteristic affected greatly on the leaching result and nickel leaching recovery. Nickel from LH ore could be extracted maximum (100%) using sulfuric acid 0.5M, temperature of 80oC, and leaching time 120 minutes (2 hours). Whereas, the highest nickel extraction percentage from LS ore is 95% using sulfuric acid 2M, temperature of 80oC, and leaching time 240 minutes (4 hours).
The impact of preemptive investment on natural disasters
Authors: Ayala-García Jhorland , Dall’Erba Sandy
Published: September 2021

Extreme rainfall events are expected to become more frequent and more intense in the future. Because their mitigation is a challenge and their cost to human life is large, this paper studies the impact of preemptive investment against natural disasters on the future occurrence of landslides and the losses associated with it. Based on a panel of 746 Colombian municipalities with medium and high risk of landslides and an instrumental variable approach, we find that preemptive public investment can reduce the number of landslides, the number of people who die, are injured, or disappear after a landslide, as well as the number of people affected. However, we do not find any effect on the number of houses destroyed. The results reveal that local governments focus their preventive measures on saving the lives and the physical integrity of their citizens, but they pay less attention to the direct market losses of natural disasters. These results are relevant in the presence of imperfect private insurance markets and increased informal settlements.
Formation continue : indications pour l’enseignement à distance des sciences biologiques au primaire et au secondaire
Authors: Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Euzébio de , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: September 2021

Bien que les discussions sur la possibilité d’une éducation en ligne à l’école primaire et secondaire au Brésil soient entrées dans le sillage du débat théorique, il existe encore une grande résistance. Cependant, le contexte de la pandémie n’a apporté aucune alternative, conduisant des milliers d’étudiants à l’isolement social pendant plus d’un an. Ce contexte a amené les enseignants du primaire et du secondaire à s’adapter aux nouvelles technologies, démontrant ainsi la nécessité de se préparer à travailler dans l’enseignement à distance. La question guide de ce matériel était la suivante: comment les enseignants en sciences de la vie peuvent-ils se préparer et quels outils de base devraient-ils connaître pour préparer leurs cours en ligne? Ainsi, l’objectif général était de réaliser des indications que les enseignants devraient connaître pour préparer leurs cours en ligne. La méthodologie adoptée a été exploratoire par le biais d’une revue de la littérature. Les principales indications étaient que les enseignants doivent rechercher un contenu diversifié dans la préparation des classes pour adopter des stratégies de motivation avec leurs élèves, en adoptant un soin avec la question de la langue, de l’audio et de la lumière dans la production des classes. Enfin, il appartiendra à l’enseignant de reconnaître les différents outils et ressources tels que : Youtube, Instagram, Films, Jeux, et autres subventions, afin qu’il y ait une approximation entre l’enseignement de la biologie et la réalité de l’élève.
МАРКЕТИНГОВЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КАНАЛІВ РОЗПОДІЛУ
Authors: Корман Ірина , Семенда Ольга , Осадчук Наталія
Published: September 2021

В статті розглянуто визначення понять канал розподілу, канал постачання, канал товароруху, канал збуту. Подано алгоритм планування та аналізу збуту готової продукції як запоруку ефективного управління каналами розподілу. Розглянуто оптову та роздрібну торгівлю як важливі складові каналів розподілу. Висвітлено основні функції оптової та роздрібної торгівлі. Здійснено маркетингове дослідження каналів розподілу на вітчизняному ринку. Проаналізовано динаміку обсягів та структуру оптової та роздрібної торгівлі в Україні за останні десять років. Показано частку продажу товарів, що вироблені на території України протягом досліджуваного періоду. Охарактеризовано сучасний стан каналів розподілу в Україні та надано рекомендації щодо забезпечення ефективності їх роботи в умовах обмежень, пов’язаних з пандемією.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ЩОДО ДЕФІНІЦІЇ «ФІНАНСОВОГО ПОСЕРЕДНИЦТВА» ТА ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЙОГО ВИДІВ
Authors: Савченко Тарас , Серпенінова Юлія , Ярошина Аліна
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена формалізації категоріального апарату таких суб’єктів економіки, як фінансові посередники. Доведено проблематику інтерпретації даного поняття у зв’язку з відсутністю уніфікованого визначення терміну серед вітчизняних та закордонних науковців, а також у нормативних документах України. Проведено аналіз, синтез, систематизацію, узагальнення та порівняння підходів зарубіжних та вітчизняних авторів щодо сутності, визначення та видів фінансових посередників. Зокрема, виокремлено інструментальний, інституціональний, функціональний та сутнісний підходи щодо визначення досліджуваного поняття. Авторами узагальнено, що більшість науковців підтримують функціональний та сутнісний підходи. Критичний аналіз наукової літератури дозволив здійснити авторську формалізацію класифікаційних ознак фінансових посередників за такими напрямками: приналежність до сектору економіки, види фінансових послуг та діяльності, географія, форма акумулювання фондів.
Effect of glucose on reduced glutathione level in Malay uncomplicated type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Subandrate  , Ranasasmita Raafqi
Published: September 2021

Background: Increasing blood sugar level may increase free radical compounds in type 2 diabetes. Free radical compounds can cause oxidative stress, thereby decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH).

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether random blood glucose levels affect GSH in type 2 diabetes patients within the Malay race.

Methods: This study was observational with case-control, involving 25 patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (receiving metformin and/or glimipiride) and 25 healthy controls. Random blood glucose levels were determined using ACCU-CHECK® Kit. Blood GSH levels were determined by Sigma GSH Assay Kit.

Results: Results show that type 2 diabetes patients have a significantly lower random blood glucose level compared with those of age-matched normal subjects (p<0.0001). Type 2 diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of GSH (p=0.00) than those of age-matched normal subjects. We found a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.437 and p=0.02) between the level of random blood glucose and the level of GSH.

Conclusion: The depletion of GSH during hyperglycemia may neutralize the free radicals indirectly generated by the abundant of glucose.
Analysis of Betawi Language Interference on the Morphology of Adolescent Speech in Jakarta
Authors: Siregar Iskandarsyah
Published: September 2021

This research aims to identify the interference of Betawi language elements to the morphological variables of adolescent speech in Jakarta. The present study uses a qualitative method approach using descriptive analysis techniques. The subjects in the current study were adolescents who were in Jakarta. The data analyzed in this study are words in a sentence that interfered with the Betawi language, which contained aspects of affixation, reduplication, composition, and acronyms. The research findings indicate a Betawi language morphological interference to the morphological variables of speech from the aspects of affixation and reduplication. The results of other studies indicate that there is a Betawi language morphological interference to the morphological variables of speech from the affixation aspect, namely, words affixed with prefixes, suffixes, and confixes. The Betawi language morphological interference with the morphology of speech from the reduplication aspect, namely, dwilingga, can also be seen. The researcher did not find any Betawi language morphological interference to the morphology of speech from the aspects of composition and on the acronym teenagers speak in Jakarta.
Performance as Product, Process and Pedagogy: Laboring for Truth as Artist and Academic
Authors: Ronan Joanna (Jo)
Published: September 2021

As part of my practice-based doctoral thesis, I designed an experiment to develop a model of collaborative theatre-making based on collective ownership, in contrast to prevailing hierarchical collaborative practice, where artistic vision lies mainly with the director, and divisions of labour dominate. I conducted the experiment in the real world of rehearsals and performances with a theatre collective I established for this purpose. In this article I discuss my Marxist framework, justifying why I believe capital and cooperation to be the primary dialectic of cultural economy, at the root of the hegemony of hierarchical collaborative theatre. I identify the relationship between Marxist theory and Alain Badiou’s (2005) disruption of the status quo via ‘truth’, as well as and Baz Kershaw’s (2011) essential components for PAR, premised on dialectical paradoxes. I discuss Dialectical Collaborative Theatre (DCT), the original research, rehearsal and performance pedagogy I developed in response to prevailing collaborative practice. While ideology and ethics are integral to DCT, the focus of this article is the pedagogy born out of the dialectical interplay between praxis and truth. I am currently exploring the ideology of DCT in another forthcoming and parallel article, "Dialectical Collaborative Theatre: Ideology, Ethics and the Practice of Equality."
Características antropométricas de mulheres saudáveis praticantes do método pilates clássico na cidade de Porto Alegre (Brasil)
Authors: Pinto Francine Rodrigues , Meurer Jaqueline , Bulso-Júnior Orlando , Nogueira Haas Aline
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Descrever características antropométricas de mulheres praticantes do Método Pilates Clássico de Porto Alegre (Brasil) e associar faixa etária e tempo de prática com as variáveis massa adiposa, massa muscular e índice de massa corporal.

Método: Foram mensuradas 48 medidas antropométricas (massa corporal, altura, altura tronco-cefálica e envergadura, nove dobras cutâneas, 17 perímetros, nove diâmetros e nove comprimentos) de 58 mulheres saudáveis, praticantes do Método Pilates Clássico há pelo menos seis meses, média de prática 43 ± 38 meses, idade média 37 ± 8 anos, média de frequência semanal 2 ± 0.76 vezes por semana. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: adipômetro Lange®, trena antropométrica e paquímetro de 24 e 60 cm Cescorf®. Para as medidas de peso e altura foram utilizadas balança Cadence® e estadiômetro Sanny®. As avaliações foram realizadas por um antropometrista nível II acreditado pela International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthopometry (ISAK). Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e para verificar associação entre as variáveis foi realizado o teste do qui-quadrado.

Resultados: O valor médio da massa adiposa (25.03 ± 4.81 kg) foi maior que o da massa muscular (23.14 ± 3.36 kg). Porém, a classificação do índice de massa corporal da maioria da amostra (79%) está dentro do adequado. Não houve associação significativa entre nenhuma das variáveis (p>0.05).

Conclusão: A prática do Método Pilates Clássico permite a manutenção do índice de massa corporal adequado. Entretanto, a média da massa adiposa superior a massa muscular é preocupante, assim como, a grande parcela de mulheres que praticam somente o Método Pilates e não atingem o mínimo de minutos de atividade física semanal para sair do sedentarismo.
Tipo de desayuno según el nivel de condición física y calidad de vida en escolares de primaria: el rol mediador del estado de peso y la actividad física
Authors: Carrillo lópez Pedro José , Rosa Guillamón Andrés , García Cantó Eliseo
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Analizar el tipo de desayuno según el nivel de condición física y calidad de vida en escolares de educación primaria observando el efecto mediador del estado de peso y la actividad física en estas relaciones.

Material y métodos: Estudio transversal compuesto por 281 escolares españoles. Se valoró la Calidad de vida mediante el test KIDSCREEN-10, la condición física a través de la batería ALPHA-Fitness y los ítems del desayuno mediante el KIDMED.

Resultados: La prueba de regresión logit asocia una mayor condición física general y algunas de sus dimensiones con la ingesta de un desayuno (p < 0,05). Una menor condición física y mayor calidad de vida se asocia con desayunar bolleria industrial (p < 0,05), sin embargo, tras ajustar al estado de peso y actividad física estas diferencias desaparecen (p > 0,05).

Conclusión: La relación entre el nivel de condición física y la calidad de vida con un desayuno no saludable parece estar moderada por el estado de peso y actividad física en escolares.
EU-NATO COOPERATION AND THE SLOVENIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: MAHNIČ MARKO
Published: September 2021

Povzetek
Namen članka je spodbuditi razmislek o tem, ali so ovire za skladno delovanje Evropske unije in Organizacije severnoatlantske pogodbe na področju skupne varnosti in obrambe le tehnične narave ali gre za razlike na nekaterih drugih ravneh v politiki, dvostranskih odnosih in nacionalnih ambicijah nekaterih držav, ki so članice ene ali druge organizacije. V obeh primerih se postavlja vprašanje, ali lahko Slovenija kot država, ki 1. julija 2021 prevzame predsedovanje Svetu Evropske unije, v šestih mesecih predsedovanja prispeva k premostitvi kakšne izmed teh ovir.
Ključne besede EU, Nato, Slovenija, predsedovanje Svetu EU.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to entice the reader to consider whether the obstacles in the way of cohesion between the European Union’s common security and defence efforts and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Organization are truly of a technical nature, or whether there are differences on other levels, in the politics, bilateral relations and national ambitions of certain members of the same organization? Whatever the case may be, the question before us is whether Slovenia can contribute to surmounting any of these obstacles during its six-month presidency of the Council of the European Union, starting on 1st July.
Key words EU, NATO, Slovenia, Presidency of the Council of the EU.
THE EU-NATO PARTNERSHIP AND ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBERSECURITY: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: ŠTRUCL DAMJAN
Published: September 2021

Povzetek
Evropska unija in Nato sta pomembni politični, gospodarski in varnostni organizaciji v globalnem okolju. Razvoj informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije in novi izzivi sodobnega varnostnega okolja so pripeljali do podpisa Skupne izjave o poglobljenem strateškem partnerstvu med organizacijama. Obe organizaciji se zavedata svoje vloge in tudi pomembnosti sodelovanja pri zagotavljanju varnosti, še posebej, ker so varnostni izzivi, tveganja in grožnje prepleteni z virtualnim in fizičnim prostorom. S tem prispevkom tako želimo analizirati EU-Nata strateško partnerstvo pri zagotavljanju varnosti in obrambe v sodobnem varnostnem okolju, ki temelji na skupni izjavi iz leta 2016.

Ključne besede
Sodelovanje Nato-EU, varnostno okolje, informacijsko okolje, kibernetska varnost, kibernetski prostor.

Abstract
The EU and NATO are important political and security organizations in a global environment. The development of ICT and the new challenges of the contemporary security environment have led to the signing of a joint EU-NATO declaration. Both organizations are aware of their roles, and of the importance of working together to ensure security, especially as security challenges, risks, and threats are intertwined with both virtual and physical space. With this paper, we wish to analyze the EU-NATO strategic partnership in ensuring security and defence in the contemporary security environment, based on a joint statement from 2016.

Key words
NATO-EU cooperation, security environment, information environment, cybersecurity, cyberspace.
THE PROCESS OF DEVISING THE MILITARY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
Authors: HUMAR DAVID , RADUHA NINA
Published: September 2021

Povzetek: V članku je predstavljen proces oblikovanja predloga Vojaške strategije Republike Slovenije znotraj Slovenske vojske z namenom oblikovanja zgodovinskega spomina in krepiti prepričanja, da sta obramba in varnost stalen proces, ki ne more biti podvržen vsakodnevnemu političnemu razpoloženju ampak mora biti dobro načrtovan, nivojsko in resorno usklajen proces, ki je na koncu zapisan v strategijah. Nato in EU intenzivno sprejemata nove strategije na obrambnem in vojaškem področju. Sledi jima tudi Republika Slovenija z oblikovanjem prvega predloga Vojaške strategije Republike Slovenije. Ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju predloga strategije do sedaj je imel proces, ki je zagotovil krepitev in sistematizacijo vojaške misli, poenotenje razumevanj znotraj Slovenske vojske in usklajenost z obrambno-vojaškimi dokumenti. Ključne besede: vojaška strategija, proces izdelave vojaške strategije, Vojaška strategija Republike Slovenije Abstract The article presents the process of developing the Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia within the Slovenian Armed Forces, with the aim of building historical memory, and in strengthening belief that defence and security are a continual process that cannot be subjected to everyday political mood, but must be a well-planned process, departmentally coordinated at all levels, which is finally written into a strategy. NATO and the EU are intensively adopting new defence and military strategies, followed by the Republic of Slovenia with its first proposal of a Military Strategy. A key role in writing the proposed strategy was played by the process within the Slovenian Armed Forces, which ensured the strengthening and systematization of military thought, the synchronization of its understanding, and harmonization with defence-military documents. Key words: military strategy, process of drafting military strategy, Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia
TACLING IRREGULAR MIGRATION IN EUROPE
Authors: Böröcz Miklós
Published: September 2021

Povzetek Nezakonite migracije predstavljajo varnostno tveganje za Evropsko unijo, a se s tveganji zunaj Evrope ne moremo učinkovito spopasti brez izgradnje zmogljivosti na mednarodni ravni. Zaradi tega lahko to področje umestimo v okvir SZVP. To stališče so potrdili tudi val nezakonitih priseljencev, ki je Evropo dosegel leta 2015, ter tveganja in posledice nepripravljenosti držav na ravni zagotavljanja nacionalne varnosti. V študiji predstavljamo tri glavne poti nezakonitih migracij, ki so prizadele Evropo. Predstavljene so tudi države, ki so jih priseljenci prečkali ter ukrepi organov EU. V zaključku članka so predlagane morebitne rešitve za nastalo stanje. Ključne besede nezakonite migracije, varnostno tveganje, vzhodnosredozemska pot migracij, osrednjesredozemska pot migracij, zahodnosredozemska pot migracij. Abstract Irregular migration is a security risk for the EU. This risk from outside Europe cannot be dealt with effectively without capacity building at foreign interfaces, so it could be assessed as an area of the former CFSP. This position was supported by the influx of irregular migrants that reached Europe in 2015, and the risks and consequences of unpreparedness for national security. This study presents the three main routes for irregular migrants which affect Europe, the countries they pass through, and the actions of EU bodies. In addition to the discussion, later in the article potential solutions to the issue will be formulated. Key words irregular migration, security risk, Eastern Mediterranean migration route, Central Mediterranean migration route, Western Mediterranean migration route.
DIALOGUE WITH THE TEXT ON THE LESSONS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE DIASPORA
Authors: Gavrilina Margarita , Filina Oksana
Published: September 2021

This article is devoted to strategy named "dialogue with the text" for development of text and culturological knowledge and abilities of pupils of schools of the ethnic minorities of Latvia.
Formulating the problem of research, authors focus attention on the reasons of difficulties which are experienced by pupils of diaspora perceiving the implied levels of the text. The authors of article emphasize, that necessity of the decision of this problem is caused first of all by an insufficient level of a Russian cultural knowledge and a culturological lexicon. Russian pupils lived in Latvia don’t know the realities and values of the Russian culture.
The authors researched the problem in real educational process. The methodology of research is based on strategy “dialogue with the text". The authors of paper have analysed the reasons why this strategy effectively “works” in the described pedagogical conditions. In the center of the authors attention are the didactic methods and receptions which promote to form the textual competence of pupils.As an illustration authors give detailed description of their own experiment.
In the article authors tell about diagnostics of text and culturological knowledge and abilities of pupils. This diagnostics includes questioning, group research and the standardized composition. The main results of the diagnostics are given in tables and in description of speech behavior of the pupils.
In the final part of the article the authors draws the reader’s attention to the the analysis of the actual points of view in modern pedagogics on the problem of reading.
In conclusion authors point out that productive text activity allows to expand a culturological outlook of diaspora pupils, and also purposefully and successfully to improve dialogue, communicative and textual abilities of the pupils. Besides the authors of the article emphasize the integrative role of text activity of the pupils wich promotes education humanitarization.
Key words: strategy "dialogue with the text", implied levels of the text, communicative, text and culturological abilities, pupils of schools of the ethnic minorities.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED SKILL EXAMINATION IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors: Matsuo Osamu , Matsuo Koji , Kawao Naoyuki , Tamura Yukinori , Yano Masato , Okada Kiyotaka , Nagai Nobuo , Ueshima Shigeru
Published: September 2021

The efficacy of objective structured skill examination (OSSE) was evaluated as a new and useful examination. The second grade students at Kinki University Faculty of Medicine were prospectively eligible. Students took problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials in addition to classroom lectures and laboratory practice in each session. The sessions were on: cardiac, circulation, hematological, and renal systems. At the end of each session, students took the paper examination as a part of conventional evaluation. After all sessions, OSSE was performed to evaluate the students’ performance. The technical skills evaluated in OSSE were as follows: electrocardiogram recording, blood pressure measuring, use of centrifuge, pipette technique, hematocrit measurement, urinary specific gravity determination, and measurement of urine volume. One order sheet and the experimental apparatus for OSSE were positioned at each station and students terminate the maneuver in 2 min. The score from OSSE was compared to that from the conventional evaluation. Significant positive correlation was not observed. More than half of the students considered OSSE to be meaningful. In conclusion, we developed a new structured examination to objectively assess the students' technical skills in laboratory practice.
Key words: curriculum reform, laboratory practice, objective structured skill examination, physiology.
DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: THE CASE OF SABRAS (ISRAELI-BORN) AND FSU IMMIGRANTS IN ISRAEL
Authors: Soen Dan
Published: September 2021

Between the years 1990 and 2007 about one million immigrants entered Israel from the FSU (former Soviet Union). They constitute roughly 20% of the Jewish households in the country. Israel benefitted greatly from the high human capital of this mass migration: 38.8% of the immigrants had higher education, in contrast to 27.8% of the indigenous Jewish population. Taking into consideration the cultural background of FSU immigrants, this study explores whether the elite-traditional influences their offspring who graduate from high schools in Israel. This study is based on a survey of a sample of 80 high school students – 40 FSU immigrants and 40 Sabras (Israeli born). Contrary to the hypothesis, findings indicate no significant difference in attitudes towards higher education between the two groups Key words: Israel as migration country, FSU migration, higher education expansion in Israel, habitus and educational inspirations, socially constructed roles.
VITTORIO CHECCUCCI AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
Authors: Bussotti Paolo
Published: September 2021

This study deals with Vittorio Checcucci’s ideas and proposals as to mathematics education. The scopes of this work are twofold: 1) the first scope is historical: my aim is to reconstruct Checcucci’s thought. This is a novelty because almost no contribution dedicated to Checcucci exists. The few existing contributions are brief articles whose aim is not to provide a general picture of his ideas; 2) the second scope is connected to mathematics education in the 21st century. A series of argumentations will be proposed to prove that many Checcucci’s ideas could be fruitfully exploited nowadays. For the first time, the thought of this mathematician is exposed to non-Italian readers because his ideas are worthy to be known, rethought and discussed in an international context.
Key words: mathematics education, relations between theoretical and practical mathematics in the teaching, experimentations in mathematics education.
WORK STRESS ACCORDING TO THE COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL STAFF OF HUNGARIAN CUSTOMS AND FINANCE GUARD AND THE TEACHING STAFF OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF SECURITY FORCES
Authors: Hidvegi Peter , Racsko Reka
Published: September 2021

In people’s life their job takes a very important place which cuts across exist outside of work as a whole. The health status of the Hungarian population is among the worst in Europe. High mortality and morbidity rates of non-infectious diseases are mainly due to lifestyle factors, and job stress is a significant risk factor. Being an officer of the Customs and Finance Guard is a specific profession, the job stress is significant. If our aim is prevention, we have to start by evaluating the health status of the vulnerable population, and intervention can be designed in view of the results. Aim: A national context to explore about the customs and finance guard and teachers of police training colleges their stress level, and their chance of their advancement In view of the result, we would like to develop a health promoting project for this population with special profession. Sample: The study population consisted of 122 employees who have been working for the Hungarian Customs and Finance Guard for more than one year, 481 workers who have been employees of the Hungarian Customs and Finance Guard for less than a year, and 99 teachers of law enforcement schools. We used an impersonal style should be used self-report questionnaires for evaluation. The job stress questionnaire showed that the stress level of officers was significantly higher than that of teachers. The vulnerability of officers of the Hungarian Customs and Finance Guard is significantly higher than that of teachers, therefore, it is imperative to accomplish a health promoting project and burnout intervention. Key words: work, stress, comparative study, Hungarian Customs and Finance Guard.
Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur Stator terhadap Rugi-Rugi Daya Generator Unit 2 PLTP Kamojang
Authors: Taufik Khusnul Yusran , Syahrial Syahrial
Published: September 2021

Kenaikan temperatur lilitan stator dapat menyebabkan penurunan keandalan generator, sehingga peran sistem pendingin generator yang berfungsi untuk menjaga keandalan generator agar kenaikan temperatur lilitan stator tidak melampaui batas kemampuan generator. Metode pengukuran generator dengan menggunakan DCS. Hasil pengukuran beban, temperatur lilitan stator, temperatur inti stator, dan temperatur pendingin generator akan diolah dan dianalisis apakah besar perubahan beban akan berdampak pada kinerja generator dan besar temperatur masih berada di batas aman kelas isolasi. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini titik terendah pada temperatur lilitan 90,17 oC pada daya aktif 46 MW dan menghasilkan rugi tembaga 115,19 kW. Titik tertinggi pada temperature lilitan 105,83oC pada daya aktif 56,1 MW dan menghasilkan rugi tembaga 120,39 kW. Hasil pengukuran temperatur lilitan stator berada dibawah standar kelas isolasi yaitu 130°C.
Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Contaminadas con Glifosato basado en el desarrollo de SBA-15 impregnados con Fe como catalizadores avanzados para el proceso de oxidación húmeda en condiciones ambientales.
Authors: Vaschetto Eliana Gabriela , Gómez Candelaria , Ochoa Rodríguez Pablo , Casuscelli Sandra , Elías Verónica , Eimer Griselda
Published: September 2021

Se desarrollaron sólidos nanoestructurados impregnados con diferentes contenidos de hierro (1; 2,5; 5 y 10% p/p) como catalizadores eficaces para degradar soluciones acuosas de glifosato en condiciones de reacción extremadamente suaves: presión atmosférica y temperatura ambiente. Estos materiales se caracterizaron por XRD, fisisorción de N2, UVvis-DR y XPS. Se obtuvieron estructuras mesoporosas regulares típicas de los sólidos SBA-15 y se pudo ajustar la especiación de Fe variando la carga nominal del metal. Los catalizadores fueron evaluados en la reacción de degradación-fragmentación de glifosato mediante oxidación húmeda catalítica con aire, logrando niveles de degradación del herbicida del orden del 80%. Se propuso un camino de reacción basado en la formación de un intermediario oxo-hierro (V) altamente reactivo a partir del complejo Fe-glifosato. De esta manera, se presenta una interesante tecnología con menor impacto ambiental y mayor sustentabilidad para la remediación de aguas contaminadas con glifosato.
Pharmacological Rationale for Targeting IL-17 in Asthma
Authors: Rahmawati Siti Farah , te Velde Maurice , Kerstjens Huib A. M. , Dömling Alexander S. S. , Groves Matthew Robert , Gosens Reinoud
Published: September 2021

Asthma is a respiratory disease that currently affects around 300 million people worldwide and is defined by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, mucus overproduction, chest tightness, and expiratory airflow limitation. Increased levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) have been observed in sputum, nasal and bronchial biopsies, and serum of patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. Patients with higher levels of IL-17 have a more severe asthma phenotype. Biologics are available for T helper 2 (Th2)-high asthmatics, but the Th17-high subpopulation has a relatively low response to these treatments, rendering it a rather severe asthma phenotype to treat. Several experimental models suggest that targeting the IL-17 pathway may be beneficial in asthma. Moreover, as increased activation of the Th17/IL-17 axis is correlated with reduced inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) sensitivity, targeting the IL-17 pathway might reverse ICS unresponsiveness. In this review, we present and discuss the current knowledge on the role of IL-17 in asthma and its interaction with the Th2 pathway, focusing on the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the IL-17 pathway.
A Function Approximation Approach to the Prediction of Blood Glucose Levels
Authors: Mhaskar H. N. , Pereverzyev S. V. , van der Walt M. D.
Published: September 2021

The problem of real time prediction of blood glucose (BG) levels based on the readings from a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device is a problem of great importance in diabetes care, and therefore, has attracted a lot of research in recent years, especially based on machine learning. An accurate prediction with a 30, 60, or 90 min prediction horizon has the potential of saving millions of dollars in emergency care costs. In this paper, we treat the problem as one of function approximation, where the value of the BG level at time t+h (where h the prediction horizon) is considered to be an unknown function of d readings prior to the time t. This unknown function may be supported in particular on some unknown submanifold of the d-dimensional Euclidean space. While manifold learning is classically done in a semi-supervised setting, where the entire data has to be known in advance, we use recent ideas to achieve an accurate function approximation in a supervised setting; i.e., construct a model for the target function. We use the state-of-the-art clinically relevant PRED-EGA grid to evaluate our results, and demonstrate that for a real life dataset, our method performs better than a standard deep network, especially in hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic regimes. One noteworthy aspect of this work is that the training data and test data may come from different distributions.
In Vitro Biological Performance of Alginate Hydrogel Capsules for Stem Cell Delivery
Authors: de Souza Jaqueline Brandão , Rosa Gustavo dos Santos , Rossi Mariana Correa , Stievani Fernanda de Castro , Pfeifer João Pedro Hübbe , Krieck André Massahiro Teramoto , Bovolato Ana Lívia de Carvalho , Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo , Borrás Vicente Amigó , Alves Ana Liz Garcia
Published: September 2021

Encapsulation of biological components in hydrogels is a well described method for controlled drug delivery of proteins, tissue engineering and intestinal colonization with beneficial bacteria. Given the potential of tissue engineering in clinical practice, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of encapsulation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mules in sodium alginate. We evaluated capsule morphology and cell viability, immunophenotype and release after encapsulation. Circular and irregular pores were observed on the hydrogel surface, in which MSCs were present and alive. Capsules demonstrated good capacity of absorption of liquid and cell viability was consistently high through the time points, indicating proper nutrient diffusion. Flow cytometry showed stability of stem cell surface markers, whereas immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of CD44 and absence of MHC-II through 7 days of culture. Stem cell encapsulation in sodium alginate hydrogel is a feasible technique that does not compromise cell viability and preserves their undifferentiated status, becoming a relevant option to further studies of tridimensional culture systems and in vivo bioactive agents delivery.
Lentinan-Based Oral Nanoparticle Loaded Budesonide With Macrophage-Targeting Ability for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Lin Meisi , Dong Lingling , Chen Qiyan , Xu Haiting , Han Xiaoqin , Luo Ruifeng , Pu Xiulan , Qi Shanshan , Nie Wenbiao , Ma Meilin , Wang Yitao , Gao Fei , Zhang Jinming
Published: September 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a global, chronic, and refractory disease. Corticosteroids are first-line drugs for the treatment of UC but also cause adverse side effects. Budesonide (BUD), a corticosteroid with relatively low side effects, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as enteric capsules (Entocort EC) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, this formulation lacks specific targeting ability to UC lesions. Herein, we describe the development of an advanced macrophage-targeted oral lentinan (LNT)–based nanoparticles (NPs) loaded BUD for treatment of UC. Briefly, LNT was used as a food source and natural carrier to load BUD by a simple solvent evaporation method to form LNT/BUD-NPs. LNT showed good loading capacity with high encapsulation and loading efficiencies to BUD of approximately 92.19 and 9.58%, respectively. Evaluation of the gastric stability of LNT/BUD-NPs indicated that LNT could effectively protect BUD from gastric acid and digestive enzymes. The release behavior and transmission electron microscopy image of LNT/BUD-NPs in the intestinal content of mice confirmed that intestinal flora can promote BUD release from LNT. Moreover, evaluation of cellular uptake showed that LNT/BUD-NPs could specifically target macrophages and enhance their uptake rate via the Dectin-1 receptor. In biodistribution studies, LNT/BUD-NPs were able to efficiently accumulate in the inflamed colon of mice. As expected, LNT/BUD-NPs could significantly alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, LNT/BUD-NPs have the advantages of good gastric stability, release mediated by mouse intestinal content, macrophage-targeting, and anti-UC effects. These advantages indicate LNT-based NPs are a promising oral drug delivery system for UC therapy.
Subject-Specific Alignment and Mass Distribution in Musculoskeletal Models of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Fasser Marie-Rosa , Jokeit Moritz , Kalthoff Mirjam , Gomez Romero David A. , Trache Tudor , Snedeker Jess G. , Farshad Mazda , Widmer Jonas
Published: September 2021

Musculoskeletal modeling is a well-established method in spine biomechanics and generally employed for investigations concerning both the healthy and the pathological spine. It commonly involves inverse kinematics and optimization of muscle activity and provides detailed insight into joint loading. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a procedure for the automatized generation of semi-subject-specific multi-rigid body models with an articulated lumbar spine. Individualization of the models was achieved with a novel approach incorporating information from annotated EOS images. The size and alignment of bony structures, as well as specific body weight distribution along the spine segments, were accurately reproduced in the 3D models. To ensure the pipeline’s robustness, models based on 145 EOS images of subjects with various weight distributions and spinopelvic parameters were generated. For validation, we performed kinematics-dependent and segment-dependent comparisons of the average joint loads obtained for our cohort with the outcome of various published in vivo and in situ studies. Overall, our results agreed well with literature data. The here described method is a promising tool for studying a variety of clinical questions, ranging from the evaluation of the effects of alignment variation on joint loading to the assessment of possible pathomechanisms involved in adjacent segment disease.
A Downstream Processing Cascade for Separation of Caproic and Caprylic Acid from Maize Silage-Based Fermentation Broth
Authors: Braune Maria , Yuan Bomin , Sträuber Heike , McDowall Stewart Charles , Nitzsche Roy , Gröngröft Arne
Published: September 2021

Production of caproic and caprylic acid through anaerobic fermentation of crops or residual and waste biomass has been regarded as an alternative to the conventional ways, where plant oils and animal fats are mostly used. The downstream processing of the fermentation broth is a particular challenge since the broth has a highly complex composition and low concentrations of the target products. In this study, the proof-of-principle for a separation cascade for caproic (C6) and caprylic acid (C8) produced in a maize silage-based fermentation process was demonstrated. For clarification of the fermentation broth, a filter press and a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane was used to remove coarse solids and to separate suspended particles and macromolecules from the fermentation broth, respectively. With both techniques, the dry matter content was reduced from 6.8 to 2.3% and a particle-free product solution was obtained. Subsequently, the carboxylic acids were extracted with oleyl alcohol by liquid-liquid extraction with an extraction efficiency of 85% for C6 and 97% for C8. Over the whole cascade, 58% of caproic acid and 66% of caprylic acid were recovered from the fermentation broth into the extract. Among all separation steps, solid-liquid separation with the filter press caused the major part of the product loss of 21% of each carboxylic acid. By using separation equipment with a better solid separation efficiency such as decanter centrifuges or belt filter presses this loss could be minimized.
Oocyte Competence Biomarkers Associated With Oocyte Maturation: A Review
Authors: Sirait Batara , Wiweko Budi , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Iftitah Dein , Muharam R.
Published: September 2021

Oocyte developmental competence is one of the determining factors that influence the outcomes of an IVF cycle regarding the ability of a female gamete to reach maturation, be fertilized, and uphold an embryonic development up until the blastocyst stage. The current approach of assessing the competency of an oocyte is confined to an ambiguous and subjective oocyte morphological evaluation. Over the years, a myriad of biomarkers in the cumulus-oocyte-complex has been identified that could potentially function as molecular predictors for IVF program prognosis. This review aims to describe the predictive significance of several cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) biomarkers in evaluating oocyte developmental competence. A total of eight acclaimed cumulus biomarkers are examined in the study. RT-PCR and microarray analysis were extensively used to assess the significance of these biomarkers in foreseeing oocyte developmental competence. Notably, these biomarkers regulate vital processes associated with oocyte maturation and were found to be differentially expressed in COC encapsulating oocytes of different maturity. The biomarkers were reviewed according to the respective oocyte maturation events namely: nuclear maturation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, and steroid metabolism. Although substantial in vitro evidence was presented to justify the potential use of cumulus biomarkers in predicting oocyte competency and IVF outcomes, the feasibility of assessing these biomarkers as an add-on prognostic procedure in IVF is still restricted due to study challenges.
Identification of ARHGEF38, NETO2, GOLM1, and SAPCD2 Associated With Prostate Cancer Progression by Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Sun Zhuolun , Mao Yunhua , Zhang Xu , Lu Shuo , Wang Hua , Zhang Chi , Xiao Chutian , Cao Yinghao , Qing Yunhao , Wang Yu , Li Ke
Published: September 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents one of the most prevalent types of cancers and is a large health burden for men. The pathogenic mechanisms of PCa still need further investigation. The aim of this study was to construct an effective signature to predict the prognosis of PCa patients and identify the biofunctions of signature-related genes. First, we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PCa and normal control tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE46602 datasets, and we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to determine gene modules correlated with tumors. In total, 124 differentially co-expressed genes were retained. Additionally, five genes (ARHGEF38, NETO2, PRSS21, GOLM1, and SAPCD2) were identified to develop the prognostic signature based on TCGA dataset. The five-gene risk score was verified as an independent prognostic indicator through multivariate Cox regression analyses. The expression of the five genes involved in the signature was detected in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Oncomine databases. In addition, we utilized DiseaseMeth 2.0 and MEXPRESS for further analysis and found that abnormal methylation patterns may be a potential mechanism for these five DEGs in PCa. Finally, we observed that these genes, except PRSS21, were highly expressed in tumor samples and PCa cells. Functional experiments revealed that silencing ARHGEF38, NETO2, GOLM1, and SAPCD2 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of PCa cells. In summary, this prognostic signature had significant clinical significance for treatment planning and prognostic evaluation of patients with PCa. Thus, ARHGEF38, NETO2, GOLM1, and SAPCD2 may serve as oncogenes in PCa.
Long Non-coding RNAs in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhou Shiyue , Yu Xiao , Wang Min , Meng Yujie , Song Dandan , Yang Hui , Wang Dewei , Bi Jianzhong , Xu Shunliang
Published: September 2021

Emerging evidence addresses the link between the aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression and numerous diseases including neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). LncRNAs, a class of ncRNAs, have length of 200 nt or more, some of which crucially regulate a variety of biological processes such as epigenetic-mediated chromatin remodeling, mRNA stability, X-chromosome inactivation and imprinting. Aberrant regulation of the lncRNAs contributes to pathogenesis of many diseases, such as the neurological disorders at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we highlight the latest research progress on the contributions of some lncRNAs to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases via varied mechanisms, such as autophagy regulation, Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, Tau phosphorylation and α-synuclein aggregation. Meanwhile, we also address the potential challenges on the lncRNAs-mediated epigenetic study to further understand the molecular mechanism of the neurodegenerative diseases.