bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medidas de prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica
Authors: Costa Francisca de Aquino Vieira , Silva Hallyson Leno Lucas da , Bezerra Alexsandra Maria Ferreira de Araújo , Coelho Aline Stefhane Coutinho , Lucena Daniel Telemago Silva de , Silva Jaira dos Santos , Sousa Mariza Inara Bezerra , Dias Rômulo Soares , Fontes Francisco Lucas de Lima
Published: March 2022

Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar medidas de prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa com abordagem qualitativa. A revisão surgiu da inquietação “Quais as medidas de prevenção aplicadas à pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica?”. Para tanto, foi realizada busca de estudos na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), no buscador virtual Google Acadêmico e nas bibliotecas virtuais Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). As medidas básicas para prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica incluem redução de tempo no ventilador; capacitações profissionais quanto ao manejo da ventilação mecânica; diminuição de trocas rotineiras ou programadas do circuito do ventilador; preferência por elevação da cabeceira da cama a 45º; manutenção da pressão ideal do cuff (25-30 cmH2O ou 18-22 mmHg) entre outras ações. Ressalta-se a importância de seguimento de protocolos, capacitações profissionais, recomendações e bundles, atentando-se para a necessidade de ações multiprofissionais que devem ser aplicadas na prática diária assistencial.
Habilidades de professores para o ensino de Ciências e Biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA)
Authors: Silva Genário Francisco da , Sousa Daniela Mayra Dantas de , Silva Jamaira Edilene da , Barros Sergio Bitencourt Araújo , Rocha Wáldima Alves da , Gonçalves Nilda Masciel Neiva
Published: March 2022

O desenvolvimento de habilidades para o ensino são trabalhadas em cursos de formação de professores, espaço de articulação permanente entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Nesse contexto, ocorre a compreensão que cabe aos cursos de formação de professores o desenvolvimento de habilidades próprias da profissão docente para êxito do processo de ensino aprendizagem. Como são diversas as ações de ensino, torna-se significativo conhecer as habilidades desenvolvidas por professores para o ensino de Ciências e Biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Desse modo optou-se pela realização de um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como sujeitos professores da EJA, que colaboraram com a pesquisa permitindo a observação atenta de sua ação e registro de informações em ficha de observação, previamente elaborada e teoricamente fundamentada no texto de Carvalho (1989), onde são apresentadas as habilidades necessárias para o desenvolvimento de uma prática docente que atenda as demandas socioeducativa. A análise das fontes coletadas, ocorreu de forma interpretativa, apresentando a habilidade de “olhar para os alunos”, de “reforço” e de “questionar”, como bem trabalhadas pelas professoras da EJA e as habilidades de “introdução”, “variação” e ilustrar com exemplos, como habilidades que precisam ser mais exploradas/trabalhadas. É importante ressaltar que o estudo não apresenta dados conclusivos ou estáticos, mas informações referentes a um breve período de observação da atividade docente. Caminho para reflexões sobre o ensino de Ciências e Biologia, práticas docentes e formação de professores.
Eficácia terapêutica da ayahuasca em pacientes com transtornos mentais baseada em estudos clínicos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Moura Alexandre Machado de , Aragão Marcela Barboza de Melo , Conceição Dario César de Oliveira , Seixas Karoline Belém
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Investigar evidências terapêuticas da Ayahuasca, que é uma bebida psicoativa obtida da decocção de duas plantas de origem amazônica: Banisteriospsis caapi (cipó Mariri) e Psychotria viridis (Chacrona), comprovadas em estudos clínicos controlados em pacientes com transtornos psiquiátricos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura focada em ensaios clínicos disponíveis nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE (Pubmed-AdvancedSearch), Trip data base e Lilacs por meio dos descritores “Ayahuasca, tratamento”; “Ayahuasca, estudo clínico”; “Ayahuasca, tratamento psiquiátrico”.  Resultados: Foram selecionados 8 artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2021. Seis estudos avaliaram o uso da Ayahuasca no tratamento do transtorno depressivo recorrente, e dois verificaram a relação entre a Ayahuasca e a redução do risco de suicídio em pacientes com depressão recorrente. A bebida apresentou efeitos antidepressivos rápidos e sustentados, melhorando sintomas de depressão, ligados ou não a pensamentos suicidas. Considerações Finais: Considerando os efeitos colaterais e o tempo necessário para a remissão dos sintomas dos tratamentos atuais, é preciso considerar o potencial de tratamentos alternativos e inovadores para pacientes que não se adaptam aos métodos convencionais. Os resultados demonstrados nesta pesquisa precisam ser replicados em estudos maiores, e com acompanhamento mais duradouro, para avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da substância a longo prazo.
Protocolos clínicos de aplicação do dexametasona na terapia endodôntica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Cruz Maria Eduarda de Araujo , Andrade Alynne Correia de , Alves Myllenna Nayara de França , Melo Niebla Bezerra de , Suassuna Fernanda Clotilde Mariz , Montenegro Luiza de Almeida Souto , Lucena Amanda Lira Rufino de , Silva Herrison Félix Valerino da , Barbosa Jussara da Silva
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, protocolos clínicos de aplicação da Dexametasona a terapia endodôntica relatados pela literatura científica. Para compor essa revisão, foram incluídos artigos nacionais e internacionais. Foram empregadas consultas aos principais bancos de periódicos disponíveis online: PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO, para tal foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chaves/termos livres: “Dexametasona”, “Endodontia” e “Pré-operatório”, com o auxílio do operador booleano “AND”. Dos 70 artigos selecionados, apenas 11 fizeram parte do presente estudo, os critérios de inclusão foi artigo em inglês, português e espanhol e ensaios clínicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, já os critérios de exclusão foram os artigos que não preencheram as informações no título, no resumo, artigos com anos não compreendidos entre 2011 e 2021 e qualquer outro artigo que não fosse um ensaio clínico. Os resultados mostraram que 10 estudos apresentados na presente revisão mostraram em seus resultados uma eficácia significativa do dexametasona quando aplicado à terapia endodôntica. Assim, conclui-se que a sintomatologia dolorosa sentida pelos pacientes após a terapia endodôntica pode ser aliviada com dexametasona por até 24 horas, que é o período na qual a maioria dos pacientes relatam sentir dor.
Acute norovirus gastroenteritis in up to five years children highly rotavirus-vaccinated population in southern Brazil
Authors: Razera Amanda , Semaan Leni Macedo , Ambrosini Veronica Aparecida , Santos Jean Rodrigo , Carraro Emerson
Published: March 2022

The acute gastroenteritis remains a problem social, economic and of the public health of the global impact and among the main causative agents are the viruses. This study aimed to show the circulation of rotavirus (RoV) and norovirus (NoV) infections in children under 5 years, vaccinated or not against RoV, enrolled in the health system presented gastroenteritis. From March 2011 to February 2012 a total of 160 stool samples were collected, overall positivity rates were 11.9% (19/160) for NoV and was not found infected patients with RV. The children include had a mean of 2.8 and a median of 3 years of old, and the average of rotavirus vaccination rate was 83.85%. This result shows that this circulating NoV and suggests a reduction in the occurrence of RoV infection in children with high vaccination coverage rate.
Perfil da mastite subclínica e frequência de micro-organismos isolados de búfalas mestiças (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Melo Breno Araújo de , Silva Sybelle Georgia Mesquita da , Santos Micheline Thaís dos , Santos Tania Marta Carvalho dos , Fraga Angelina Bossi
Published: March 2022

A mastite é uma inflamação da glândula mamária causada principalmente por bactérias, sendo responsável por perdas econômicas significativas à pecuária leiteira. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil da mastite em búfalas leiteiras e identificar os principais agentes causadores da infecção. Foram avaliadas 45 búfalas (Murrah × Jafarabadi). As búfalas com mastite clínica foram identificadas pelo teste da caneca de fundo preto, enquanto que a mastite subclínica foi detectada por california mastitis test (CMT) e contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Em seguida amostras de 50 mL de leite dos animais infectados foram coletadas e, posteriormente, realizada a identificação microbiológica por meios de provas bioquímicas. Os resultados mostraram que a mastite subclínica foi prevalente no rebanho estudado. No teste de CMT, 48,88% dos animais foram diagnosticados com mastite subclínica e 51,11% estavam sadios. Os quartos mamários posteriores apresentaram maior frequência de casos subclínicos (57,89%) do que os quartos anteriores (42,11%). A CCS detectou 73,33% de animais com mastite subclínica (CCS ≥ 400.000 células/mL) e 26,66% sadios (CCS < 400.000 células/mL). O leite com mastite subclínica apresentou a maior média de CCS (51,3 × 103 células/mL) do que o leite sadio (23,9 × 103 células/mL). A bactéria isolada com maior frequência foi do gênero Staphylococcus spp. (35,29%), seguido por Streptococcus spp. (20,00%), Escherichia coli (6,35%) e Mycoplasma spp. (4,54%). Portanto, melhorias nos cuidados sanitários para o controle da mastite subclínica em búfalas deve ser realizadas. Mais pesquisas sobre mastite em búfalas devem ser realizadas, visando auxiliar os programas de controle da mastite em búfalas.
Profilaxia pré-exposição ao HIV/AIDS: análise situacional após 03 anos de disponibilidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
Authors: Butarelo Ana Victória , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Saliba Tânia Adas , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Garbin Artênio José Ísper
Published: March 2022

Avaliar a  adesão à profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) ao HIV após 3 anos de implantação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).  Estudo ecológico, quantitativo, realizado no ano de 2021, no Brasil.  Foram coletados dados a respeito da PrEP HIV, no painel de monitoramento disponibilizado pelo Ministério da Saúde – Governo Federal. As variáveis estudadas foram tipo de população, faixa etária, escolaridade, raça/cor; número de dispensações no Brasil de Janeiro de 2018 a Fevereiro de 2021, número de serviços de saúde que oferecem a PrEP, descontinuidade da PrEP, número de novos usuários ao mês, número de usuários ativos ao mês e hábitos sexuais. Os dados foram tabulados no excel e foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva para todas as variáveis, o teste qui-quadrado para verificar a associação entre as variáveis “descontinuidade da PrEP” e “tipo de população-chave” e o teste binomial de duas proporções para comparar os hábitos sexuais no primeiro e último atendimento. A maior parte da população são gays ou homens que fazem sexo com homens (82,6%), faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos (51%), raça branca ou amarela (57,2%), 12 anos ou mais de escolaridade (71%). 42% dos indivíduos interromperam o tratamento em algum momento. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis “descontinuidade da PrEP” e “tipo de população-chave”,  e diminuição no uso de preservativo e no número de parcerias sexuais entre a primeira e última consulta. Embora a adesão ao método seja crescente, a descontinuidade no tratamento entre os usuários é elevada o que dificulta o sucesso na eficácia.
Esporte e pessoas com deficiência: qual a contribuição dos estudos de Psicologia do Esporte?
Authors: Alves Mateus Egilson da Silva , Viana-Meireles Livia Gomes , Araújo Gleyde Raiane de , Silva Paulo Gregório Nascimento da , Araújo Maria Gabriela do Nascimento , Souza Thais Coutinho , Sousa Evair Mendes da Silva , Oliveira Lays Brunnyeli Santos de
Published: March 2022

A Psicologia do Esporte é uma área da Psicologia ainda recente, entretanto vem angariando rápido crescimento teórico-prático nos últimos anos, sendo cada vez mais valorizada, seja ao analisar a dimensão dos aspectos psicológicos no desempenho de atletas, ou em como o esporte atua como fator positivo na vida dos indivíduos. No entanto, denota-se que pouco se verifica na literatura abordagens que interseccionam a psicologia do esporte voltada para pessoas com deficiência – PCD (Paradesporto), ou ainda, no Esporte Adaptado. Objetivou-se neste estudo produzir um ensaio teórico à respeito da psicologia do esporte entre pessoas com deficiência. Sendo um estudo de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, realizado por meio da revisão narrativa, ao buscar investigar as informações disponíveis sobre determinados temas, porém sem o rigor de uma revisão sistemática. Da literatura vigente pode-se apreender principalmente duas premissas, a primeira que dedica-se a relatar as interações entre psicologia do esporte e pessoas com deficiência, bem como os cenários atuais destas temáticas, e a segunda que aprofunda os aspectos da psicologia do esporte e pessoas com deficiência no âmbito maior da Psicologia. Pode-se concluir que a psicologia do esporte atualmente já se consolida como uma área fértil da Psicologia, entretanto é limitada a literatura deste campo destinado à pessoas com deficiência, sendo necessário mais estudos sobre as intersecções do esporte adaptado na psicologia do esporte.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING PENDIDIKAN JASMANI KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI DENGAN PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI PENJASPEDIA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SEKOLAH DASAR SE-KECAMATAN JONGGOL
Authors: Adlun Faisal , Basri Hasan
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 is a new type of virus that was discovered in Indonesia in March 2020. The confirmed patient data as of March 1, 2021, were 1,341,314 people from all over Indonesia. The Covid-19 outbreak has brought changes in the movement of the economic structure and mobility of the people evenly. One of them is that the learning system which was initially implemented offline and later became online has a significant negative impact on productivity that can be felt by parents and students themselves. One of the lessons that must be online is sports, where sports activities require movement in their implementation. This research uses a survey method and uses primary data, namely data sources that are directly obtained and collected in the field. This research is a qualitative research with library methods and uses a data collection technique in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the results of research on the readiness of PJOK teachers in carrying out online learning, it shows that most of them stated their readiness to carry out online learning, related to the online learning system that there was a significant increase in the online learning system, and related to online learning media showed that there was a significant increase in the use of media online learning.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI MATERI INFLASI PADA SISWA (KELAS XI IPS 2 SMAN 1 CARIU KABUPATEN BOGOR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019)
Authors: Windrati Deli
Published: March 2022

This classroom action research aims to improve the economics learning outcomes of Inflation material in class XI IPS-2 SMAN 1 Cariu Bogor Regency through the application of discovery learning learning models. The research method used is classroom action research with four basic interrelated and continuous stages, namely Planning (Plan), Action (Action), Observation (observation), Reflection (reflection) which is designed in 2 cycles. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPS 2 for the 2018/2019 academic year at SMAN 1 Cariu, Bogor Regency. The number of research subjects was 29 students consisting of 10 sons and 19 daughters. The results of the study concluded 1) There was an increase in economic learning outcomes on inflation material after being given a discovery learning model to class XI IPS-2 students of SMAN 1 Cariu, Bogor Regency. This can be proven by the acquisition of an average pre-cycle score of 68.8 with 44.8% completeness, increasing to 75.2 in the first cycle with 65.5% completeness, and increasing again in the second cycle with an average value of 78.4 and learning completeness 93.1%. Thus the research has been achieved or has fulfilled the completeness of learning. 2) There is an increase in student learning activities. This is evidenced by the level of student learning activity which includes aspects of activeness, attention, discipline and assignments, which have a fairly more dominant score than a score of less so that student learning activity in the first cycle is sufficient category, then in Cycle II it is known that the level of student learning activity who has a good score is more dominant compared to other scores so that student learning activity in cycle II is in good category.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Human Factors on Potential Ship Accidents Under Pilotage
Authors: DEMİRCİ Seyid Mahmud Esad , CANIMOĞLU Refik , ELÇİÇEK Hüseyin
Published: March 2022

In recent years, despite the technological advances, and increasing security measures in the maritime industry, it is observed that the effect of the human factor in the marine accidents has not changed. Most of the accidents occur in narrow canals, straits, rivers and entering port areas, resulting in environmental pollution, economical casualties and injury/loss of life. Pilotage is set compulsory in order to maintain safe passage at such confined waters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical human factors on the potential ship accidents under pilotage operations. To explore the identified human factors, depth interviews and a questionnaire study were conducted with masters and pilots. The obtained data was analysed using DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to identify the most important and influential factors. The DEMATEL method is used to investigate interaction among human factors and to visualize them with help of causal-effect relation diagram. The results show that master experience, pilot experience and crew training are significant factors compared to other human risk factors. As a result of the findings of this research, it is also thought that improving the collaboration and communication between the master and the pilot will be effective in preventing the accidents. Moreover, understanding casual relations among human factors is important to prevent marine accidents. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed for testing reliability of the experts’ evaluation and being clear certainty of the main results/findings in the DEMATEL method. It is found that expert considerations to the casual relationship between human factors are objective and sufficient. The findings of this article provide a critical overview of the research literature on the development of preventive measures for policy makers, shipping companies and port authorities.
A Bibliometric Review and Science Mapping Research of Oil Spill Response
Authors: BÜBER Müge , KÖSEOĞLU Burak
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the research output of oil spill response and citations from 2000 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis. The primary findings were as follows: there has been a noticeable increase in the number of publications. The most active journal was Marine Pollution Bulletin. Environmental sciences ranked as the most popular subject area. The United States of America (USA) published the greatest number of single-authored, internationally collaborative, first-authored papers. Oil spill(s) was the most widely queried research term, ranking first in the article title, abstract, and author keyword analysis, respectively. The Deep-Water Horizon disaster, the largest marine oil spill in 2010, was the most frequently analyzed oil spill accident in the research as a sample. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of oil spill response science by being one of the few that applies network visualization and mapping technique. Further research is recommended in light of longer-term data and the diverse Web of Science (WoS) categories found in oil spill science, which may be visualized using a variety of bibliometric visualization applications.
Ensino remoto na educação básica: uma pesquisa a partir do portal digital SciELO
Authors: Ujiie Nájela Tavares , Ferro Silvia
Published: March 2022

O artigo ora apresentado tem por finalidade explicitar a pesquisa documental realizada via o portal digital Scielo (Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online), relacionada ao estado da arte com foco no ensino remoto na educação básica. O procedimento metodológico de coleta teve por subterfúgio uma varredura de artigos científicos, a fim de realizar leitura e análise reflexiva dos estudos desenvolvidos dentro desta temática. Os achados da pesquisa demonstram uma produção concentrada nos anos de 2020 e 2021, uma vez que o ensino remoto foi desencadeado pelo contexto da Pandemia de COVID-19, levando a novas práticas, reflexões, estudos e pesquisa, que vem configurando a constituição de um corpus temático e de área. Ao todo na busca realizada foram elencados a partir do termo ensino remoto, 32 artigos científicos, deste universo, após leitura analítica dos títulos, resumos e palavras-chave, em correlação ao campo de interesse educação básica restringiu-se o universo para 8 artigos, os demais estão relacionados ao ensino superior. Por se tratar de um tema recente o estudo em tela cumpre o papel de mapeamento analítico do estado da arte acerca do ensino remoto na educação básica, dentro do escopo do banco de dados Scielo, que tem confiabilidade na comunidade científica. Assim, encerramos o estudo tecendo ponderações relativas ao já pesquisado, sendo base referencial e ponto de partida que justifica o desenvolvimento de pesquisa subsequente de dissertação que tem por intuito dimensionar o ensino remoto no ensino médio em correlação com as concepções e práticas de professores de matemática, área inexplorada ao que se apresenta no universo da investigação realizada. que poderá compor parte substancial de uma pesquisa científica de qualidade.
Classification of Codimension-1 Singular Bifurcations in Low-Dimensional DAEs
Authors: Ovsyannikov Ivan , Ruan Haibo
Published: March 2022

The study of bifurcations of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is the topic of interest for many applied sciences, such as electrical engineering, robotics, etc. While some of them were investigated already, the full classification of such bifurcations has not been done yet. In this paper, we consider bifurcations of quasilinear DAEs with a singularity and provide a full list of all codimension-one bifurcations in lower-dimensional cases. Among others, it includes singularity-induced bifurcations (SIBs), which occur when an equilibrium branch intersects a singular manifold causing certain eigenvalues of the linearized problem to diverge to infinity. For these and other bifurcations, we construct the normal forms, establish the non-degeneracy conditions and give a qualitative description of the dynamics. Also, we study singular homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcations, which were not considered before.
Effects of Channels and Micropores in Honeycomb Scaffolds on the Reconstruction of Segmental Bone Defects
Authors: Shibahara Keigo , Hayashi Koichiro , Nakashima Yasuharu , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: March 2022

The reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects is a key challenge in orthopedics because of its intractability despite technological advancements. To overcome this challenge, scaffolds that promote rapid bone ingrowth and subsequent bone replacement are necessary. In this study, we fabricated three types of carbonate apatite honeycomb (HC) scaffolds with uniaxial channels bridging the stumps of a host bone. These HC scaffolds possessed different channel and micropore volumes. The HC scaffolds were implanted into the defects of rabbit ulnar shafts to evaluate the effects of channels and micropores on bone reconstruction. Four weeks postoperatively, the HC scaffolds with a larger channel volume promoted bone ingrowth compared to that with a larger micropore volume. In contrast, 12 weeks postoperatively, the HC scaffolds with a larger volume of the micropores rather than the channels promoted the scaffold resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation. Thus, the channels affected bone ingrowth in the early stage, and micropores affected scaffold resorption and bone formation in the middle stage. Furthermore, 12 weeks postoperatively, the HC scaffolds with large volumes of both channels and micropores formed a significantly larger amount of new bone than that attained using HC scaffolds with either large volume of channels or micropores, thereby bridging the host bone stumps. The findings of this study provide guidance for designing the pore structure of scaffolds.
Two Extracellular Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Degrading Enzymes From Pseudomonas hydrolytica sp. DSWY01T: Purification, Characterization, and Gene Analysis
Authors: Li Linying , Lin Xiumei , Bao Jianfeng , Xia Hongmei , Li Fan
Published: March 2022

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is an artificial polyester with commercially promising application. In this study, two novel PCL-degrading enzymes named PCLase I and PCLase II were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of an effective polyester-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas hydrolytica sp. DSWY01T. The molecular masses of PCLase I and PCLase II were determined to be 27.5 and 30.0 kDa, respectively. The optimum temperatures for the enzyme activities were 50 and 40°C, and the optimum pH values were 9.0 and 10.0, respectively. The two enzymes exhibited different physical and chemical properties, but both enzymes could degrade PCL substrates into monomers and oligomers. Weight loss detection and scanning electron microscopy revealed that PCLase I had more effective degradation ability than PCLase II. The genes of the two enzymes were cloned on the basis of the peptide fingerprint analysis results. The sequence analysis and substrate specificity analysis results showed that PCLase I and PCLase II were cutinase and lipase, respectively. Interface activation experiment also confirmed this conclusion. Structural analysis and modeling were further performed to obtain possible insights on the mechanism.
Peering Into Candida albicans Pir Protein Function and Comparative Genomics of the Pir Family
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Oh Soon-Hwan , Rodriguez-Bobadilla Rubi , Vuong Vien M. , Hubka Vit , Zhao Xiaomin , Hoyer Lois L.
Published: March 2022

The fungal cell wall, comprised primarily of protein and polymeric carbohydrate, maintains cell structure, provides protection from the environment, and is an important antifungal drug target. Pir proteins (proteins with internal repeats) are linked to cell wall β-1,3-glucan and are best studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequential deletion of S. cerevisiae PIR genes produces strains with increasingly notable cell wall damage. However, a true null mutant lacking all five S. cerevisiae PIR genes was never constructed. Because only two PIR genes (PIR1, PIR32) were annotated in the Candida albicans genome, the initial goal of this work was to construct a true Δpir/Δpir null strain in this species. Unexpectedly, the phenotype of the null strain was almost indistinguishable from its parent, leading to the search for other proteins with Pir function. Bioinformatic approaches revealed nine additional C. albicans proteins that share a conserved Pir functional motif (minimally DGQ). Examination of the protein sequences revealed another conserved motif (QFQFD) toward the C-terminal end of each protein. Sequence similarities and presence of the conserved motif(s) were used to identify a set of 75 proteins across 16 fungal species that are proposed here as Pir proteins. The Pir family is greatly expanded in C. albicans and C. dubliniensis compared to other species and the orthologs are known to have specialized function during chlamydospore formation. Predicted Pir structures showed a conserved core of antiparallel beta-sheets and sometimes-extensive loops that contain amino acids with the potential to form linkages to cell wall components. Pir phylogeny demonstrated emergence of specific ortholog groups among the fungal species. Variation in gene expression patterns was noted among the ortholog groups during growth in rich medium. PIR allelic variation was quite limited despite the presence of a repeated sequence in many loci. Results presented here demonstrate that the Pir family is larger than previously recognized and lead to new hypotheses to test to better understand Pir proteins and their role in the fungal cell wall.
The Infant Gut Commensal Bacteroides dorei Presents a Generalized Transcriptional Response to Various Human Milk Oligosaccharides
Authors: Kijner Sivan , Cher Avital , Yassour Moran
Published: March 2022

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of glycans found in breastmilk with over 200 identified structures. Despite being t​​he third-largest solid component in breastmilk, HMOs are indigestible by infants, and they serve as food for the infant gut bacteria. Most research thus far has focused on Bifidobacterium species that harbor many glycoside hydrolases (GHs) tailored to break the carbon bonds in HMO molecules. However, there are additional microbes in the infant gut, such as Bacteroides species, with increasing evidence that they, too, are able to break-down HMOs. To study the unbiased impact of breastfeeding on the infant gut microbiome, we need to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HMO utilization by all members of the infant gut. Here, we developed an optimized system for isolating Bacteroides strains from infant stool samples. We then examined the HMO utilization capacity of multiple Bacteroides isolates by performing growth curves on six common HMOs (2’-FL, DFL, 3’-SL, 6’-SL, LNT, LNnT). Isolates often displayed similar growth characteristics on similarly-structured HMOs, like sialylated or fucosylated sugars. We identified variation in HMO utilization across multiple strains of the same species, and chose to focus here on a Bacteroides dorei isolate that was able to utilize the test HMOs. We performed RNA sequencing on B. dorei cultures, comparing the transcriptional profile in minimal media supplemented with glucose or HMOs. We showed that B. dorei employs an extensive metabolic response to HMOs. Surprisingly, there was no clear up-regulation for most GH families previously known to break-down HMOs, possibly because they were almost exclusively described in Bifidobacterium species. Instead, B. dorei exhibits a generalized response to HMOs, markedly up-regulating several shared GH families across all conditions. Within each GH family, B. dorei displays a consistent pattern of up-regulation of some genes with down-regulation of the others. This response pattern to HMOs has yet to be described in other commensals of the infant gut. Our work highlights the importance of expanding the HMO-microbiome studies beyond Bifidobacterium species, sheds light on the differences across Bacteroides strains in terms of HMO utilization, and paves the way to understanding the mechanisms enabling Bacteroides HMO utilization.
Coping Strategies and Tactics to Deal With Social Vulnerability in the Flood Disaster of March 25, 2015, in Chañaral and Diego de Almagro, Chile
Authors: Pérez Tello Sonia , Aldunce Ide Paulina , Flores-Haverbeck Fernanda , Mena Maldonado Dania , Castro Correa Carmen Paz , Wyndham Vásquez Katherine
Published: March 2022

A socio-natural disaster event exacerbates pre-existing socio-economic crises and disrupts the life projects of the people affected, generating the deployment of strategic or tactical actions to deal with it. When societies have populations living in conditions of social vulnerability prior to disasters, such actions are more complex and difficult to manage. On March 25, 2015 (25M), the inhabitants of the towns of Chañaral and Diego de Almagro, in the Atacama Region of Chile, were faced with a flood that produced a crisis of great magnitude. This qualitative research describes the actions the inhabitants used to reduce social vulnerability, before, during and after the emergency. These actions were analyzed to describe the extent of planning, meanings, resources and structures of opportunities present in the actions. Content analysis was carried out on semi-structured interviews with 38 affected people, selected using intentional sampling technique together with snowball sampling. Subjective resources were identified: sense of family, solidarity, autonomy and restitution of rights. The superimposed mobilization of these resources resulted in a complex situation of resilience. It is concluded that the way of learning actions includes family and cultural habits, daily learning and previous experiences, and imitation, among others. Recommendations are made to be considered for the reduction of risks of socio-natural disasters. Specifically, policies that include educational strategies that are based on theways of acting shown by the communities.
The Procedural and Clinical Outcomes of Rotational Atherectomy in Patients Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Yu-Wei , Lai Chih-Hung , Su Chieh-Shou , Chang Wei-Chun , Wang Chi-Yen , Chen Wei-Jhong , Lin Tzu-Hsiang , Liang Kae-Woei , Liu Tsun-Jui , Lee Wen-Lieng
Published: March 2022

Background

Rotational atherectomy (RA) is an indispensable tool used for calcified lesion preparation in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, use of RA in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is challenged with limited clinical data.

Objectives

This study aims to retrospectively investigate the procedural results, periprocedural complications, and clinical outcomes of RA in patients with AMI.

Methods

All possible consecutive patients who received RA in AMI from January 2009 to March 2018 in a single tertiary center were analyzed retrospectively. Patients without AMI during the study period were also enrolled for comparison.

Results

A total of 121 patients with AMI (76.0 ± 10.8 years, 63.6% males) and 290 patients without AMI were recruited. Among the AMI group, 81% of patients had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 14% presented with cardiogenic shock. RA could be completed in 98.8% of patients in the AMI group and 98.3% in the non-AMI group (p = 1.00). The periprocedural complication rates were comparable between the AMI and non-AMI groups. The risks of in-hospital, 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year cardiovascular major adverse cardiac events (CV MACE) were significantly higher in the AMI group compared with the non-AMI group (in-hospital 13.2 vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001; 30-day 14.2 vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001; 90-day 20.8 vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001; 1-year 30.8 vs. 19.1%, p = 0.01). AMI at initial presentation and cardiogenic shock were predictors for both in-hospital CV MACE and 1-year CV MACE in multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Other predictors for 1-year CV MACE included serum creatinine level and triple vessel disease.

Conclusion

RA in patients with AMI is feasible with a high procedural completion rate and acceptable periprocedural complications. Given unstable hemodynamics and complex coronary anatomy, the in-hospital and 1-year MACE rates remained higher in patients with AMI compared with patients without AMI.
Emerging Roles of SIRT3 in Cardiac Metabolism
Authors: Murugasamy Krishnega , Munjal Aastha , Sundaresan Nagalingam Ravi
Published: March 2022

The heart is a highly metabolically active organ that predominantly utilizes fatty acids as an energy substrate. The heart also derives some part of its energy by oxidation of other substrates, including glucose, lactose, amino acids and ketones. The critical feature of cardiac pathology is metabolic remodeling and loss of metabolic flexibility. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is one of the seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7), with NAD+ dependent deacetylase activity. SIRT3 is expressed in high levels in healthy hearts but downregulated in the aged or diseased hearts. Experimental evidence shows that increasing SIRT3 levels or activity can ameliorate several cardiac pathologies. The primary deacetylation targets of SIRT3 are mitochondrial proteins, most of which are involved in energy metabolism. Thus, SIRT3 improves cardiac health by modulating cardiac energetics. In this review, we discuss the essential role of SIRT3 in regulating cardiac metabolism in the context of physiology and pathology. Specifically, we summarize the recent advancements that emphasize the critical role of SIRT3 as a master regulator of cardiac metabolism. We also present a comprehensive view of all known activators of SIRT3, and elaborate on their therapeutic potential to ameliorate energetic abnormalities in various cardiac pathologies.
Ethical Principles in Digital Palliative Care for Children: The MyPal Project and Experiences Made in Designing a Trustworthy Approach
Authors: Garani-Papadatos Tina , Natsiavas Pantelis , Meyerheim Marcel , Hoffmann Stefan , Karamanidou Christina , Payne Sheila A.
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the ethical dimension of the opportunity to offer improved electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) systems addressing personal needs of pediatric cancer patients, their parents and caregivers, with regard to technological advance of digital health. This opportunity has been explored in the MyPal research project, which aims to assess a patient-centered service for palliative care relying on the adaptation and extension of digital health tools and concepts available from previous projects. Development and implementation of ePROs need to take place in a safe, secure and responsible manner, preventing any possible harm and safeguarding the integrity of humans. To that end, although the final results will be published at the end of the project, this paper aims to increase awareness of the ethical ramifications we had to address in the design and testing of new technologies and to show the essentiality of protection and promotion of privacy, safety and ethical standards. We have thus reached a final design complying with the following principles: (a) respect for the autonomy of participants, especially children, (b) data protection and transparency, (c) fairness and non-discrimination, (d) individual wellbeing of participants in relation to their physical and psychological health status and e) accessibility and acceptability of digital health technologies for better user-engagement. These principles are adapted from the Ethics Guidelines for a trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) which provide the framework for similar interventions to be lawful, complying with all applicable laws and regulations, ethical, ensuring compliance to ethical principles and values and robust, both from a technical and social perspective.
The Improvements of the Upper Zonal Currents by SST Assimilation Over the Tropical Pacific in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Sun Zhikuo , Gao Xin , Jin Jiangbo , He Juanxiong , Zheng Fei , Zhang He , Dong Xiao , Zeng Qingcun
Published: March 2022

The upper zonal oceanic circulations in the tropical Pacific play a crucial role in modulating weather and climate in the tropical Pacific Ocean. However, they are poorly simulated in state-of-the-art climate models. We apply a simple bias correction scheme by only assimilating observed sea surface temperature (SST) data into a coupled earth system model, named the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2 (CAS-ESM 2.0), to better reproduce the upper zonal currents in tropical oceans. There are mainly two reasons for this usage of SST assimilating method: 1) SST has dominant effects on the air–sea interactions over the tropical region; 2) The lack of effective and long-term ocean-current observation data currently. Our results show that the SST assimilation can significantly improve the strength of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and the South Equatorial Current (SEC) through reducing biases in the air–sea turbulence flux. Nevertheless, the SST assimilation has limited effects on improving the simulation of the spatial structure of these zonal currents in the tropical Pacific. The improvement of the wind stress curl over the tropical Pacific region mainly contributes to the improved simulated strength of the Pacific EUC, the NECC and the SEC. It also connects to the reduced biases in atmospheric convective precipitation and sea-level pressure induced by the reduction of the SST bias.
Summer Lake Destratification Phenomenon: A Peculiar Deep Lake on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Su Rongmingzhu , Xie Zhipeng , Ma Weiqiang , Ma Yaoming , Wang Binbin , Hu Wei , Su Zhongbo
Published: March 2022

Lake water temperature and the related thermal structure influence not only the provision of ecosystem services in lacustrine environments but also the interactions with regional climate. However, continuous lake temperature monitoring across the Tibetan Plateau is sparse, limiting our understanding of lake thermal and mixing dynamics and hindering the verification of modeling results in this region. Based on in-situ water temperature and meteorological observations, this study revealed a special summer destratification phenomenon of a deep alpine lake, Langa Co. The results indicate that Langa Co is a discontinuous cold polymictic lake, which becomes completely mixed and reaches a homogeneous water temperature frequently during spring and autumn. Further, the intermittent periods of stratification in summer only last a few days, which is rare for such a deep lake. As an example of a discontinuous cold polymictic lake that contrasts with the typical dimictic pattern of alpine lakes, studies of Langa Co help to gain insights into lake thermal processes and thermoregulation mechanisms and establish a reference for lake model evaluation and parameterization on the Tibetan Plateau.
Lithologic Structure of the Anninghe Fault Zone: Constraints From High-Pressure Wave Velocity Experiments
Authors: Miao Sheqiang , Zhou Yongsheng , Ma Xi , Dang Jiaxiang
Published: March 2022

The P-wave velocities of typical rocks in the Anninghe fault zone under pressures of 50–600 MPa were systematically measured. The P-wave velocities of the felsic, intermediate, and mafic rock types under atmospheric pressure were 5.86, 6.06, and 6.50 km/s, respectively, with pressure coefficients of 2.19 × 10–, 3.80 × 10–4, and 4.03 × 10–4 km/s/MPa, respectively. The results were combined with deep-imaging seismic data to establish crustal rock composition models at different depths in the study area. The composition of the Anninghe crust is very different in the horizontal and vertical directions. The most notable feature in the vertical direction is that the lithologic compositional change is gradual rather than abrupt with increasing depth. In the middle and upper crust, shallower than 25 km, the lithologic difference between the southern and northern sections of the Anninghe fault zone is primarily that the rocks in the southern section (Xichang) are more felsic than those in the northern section (Shimian).
Identification Method of Evolution Patterns of Favorable Oil and Gas Channels at Source Fault Configuration and Its Application
Authors: Bowei Zhang , Guang Fu
Published: March 2022

Favorable oil and gas channels during fault activity and cease episodes were determined to understand oil and gas distribution in reservoirs of “lower generation, upper accumulation”-type near faults in petroliferous basins through identifying and coupling conduit systems and hydrocarbon expulsion distribution during these periods, respectively. It was used to establish a method to identify the evolution patterns of favorable oil–gas charging positions at source fault configurations, which was applied to understand the evolution of favorable oil and gas channels in the middle and lower Es-3 sub-member in the southwest of the Jiuzhou fault. The results show that the conduit pattern in the Es-3 sub-member is mainly distributed in the center, west, and east of the F1 fault and the eastern part of the F7 fault in the southwest of the Jiuzhou fault. The conduit to non-conduit pattern is mainly distributed in the middle and center of the F7 fault. The non-conduit to conduit pattern is mainly distributed in the west and east of the F1 fault and the east of the F7 fault. The non-conduit is mainly distributed in the middle and east of the F7 fault. The conduit pattern and conduit to non-conduit pattern in the middle and lower Es-3 sub-member are favorable for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. It is consistent with the oil and gas discovered in the middle and lower Es-3 sub-member near the southwest of the Jiuzhou fault, indicating that this method is feasible to identify the favorable oil and gas channels at source fault configurations.
The Widening Wealth Inequality as a Contributor to Increasing Household Carbon Emissions
Authors: Qin Xiaodi , Wu Haitao , Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Wei
Published: March 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals call for taking urgent action to combat climate change and reduce inequalities. However, the related actions have not been effective. Global CO2 emissions in 2021 are projected to rebound to approaching the 2018–2019 peak, and wealth inequality has been increasing at the very top of the distribution resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. To test whether a trade-off exists between social and environmental benefits, this study calculates county-level wealth inequality with the Gini coefficient and consumption-based household carbon emissions with the emissions coefficient method and input–output modeling. Data are collected from the China Family Panel Studies, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics and Carbon Emission Account and Datasets in 2014, 2016 and 2018. In addition, a high-dimensional fixed-effects model, an instrumental variable model and causal mediation analysis are adopted to empirically test how wealth inequality influences household carbon emissions and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results show that county-level wealth inequality has a positive impact on household carbon emissions per capita. This means that policies designed to narrow the wealth gap can help reduce carbon emissions, making progress toward multiple SDGs. Moreover, the study reveals that the social norms of the Veblen effect and short-termism play an important role in mediating the relationship between wealth inequality and consumption-based household carbon emissions. This finding provides a new perspective to understand the mechanism behind wealth inequality and household carbon emissions related to climate change.