P-731. Viruses Associated with Acute Respiratory Illness in a Community Cohort of Children and Adults, Oregon and Washington, United States, 2022 - 2023
Authors: Abedi Glen , James-Gist Jade , Babu Tara M , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Boisvert Cassandra , Carone Marco , Englund Janet A , Chu Helen Y , Feldstein Leora R , Han Peter D , Kuntz Jennifer L , Lo Natalie K , Mularski Richard A , Naleway Allison L , Plumb Ian D , Schmidt Mark A , Smith Ning , Starita Lea , Weil Ana A , Yetz Neil D , Midgley Claire 
Published: January 2025

Background

Testing for most respiratory viruses in the U.S. occurs in limited settings, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the full burden of disease, especially among non-medically-attended infections. We used a U.S. community-based cohort of participants aged 6 months – 49 years in Washington and Oregon to assess respiratory virus detections and outcomes in participants with acute respiratory illness (ARI).Table 1.Number of participants enrolled in CASCADIA and acute respiratory illness* episodes, by age group.

Methods

At symptom onset, enrolled participants completed symptom surveys and self-collected nasal swabs. At days 7 and 14 post symptom onset, they completed follow-up symptom surveys. Swabs were tested for multiple viruses using TaqMan RT-PCR (OpenArray, ThermoFisher). We assessed viral detections and outcomes among ARI episodes during September 2022 — August 2023. ARI was defined as ≥ 2 of the following: fever, cough, congestion, muscle aches, sore throat, or shortness of breath. A distinct ARI episode was defined as a reported onset of a new illness &gt; 30 days after a prior onset for the same participant. For each episode, we included test results from all swabs collected 0 – 7 days post-onset.Figure 1.Proportion of viruses detected among acute respiratory illness episodes with multi-pathogen OpenArray test results* (n=2,370), by age group.

Results

Among 3,407 participants enrolled during the analytic period (median age 17 years, IQR: 9 – 41; 59% female sex; 70% non-Hispanic White), we identified 2,788 ARI episodes, of which 2,370 (85%) had OpenArray virus test results (Table 1). Of these 2,370 episodes, 1,248 (53%) had a single virus detected, 249 (11%) had &gt; 1 virus (i.e. viral codetections), and 873 (37%) had none; these results varied by age (Fig.1), and detected virus varied by month (Fig. 2). Among 1,248 detections of single viruses, rhinovirus/enterovirus (46%) and SARS-CoV-2 (16%) were detected most frequently; SARS-CoV-2 was more common in adults than children. Participant characteristics, symptoms, and illness outcomes are presented by virus type in Table 2. Healthcare was sought for 13% (range: 6 – 19% across viruses) of ARI episodes and missed work or school was reported for 26% (range: 20 – 45% across viruses).Figure 2.Number of acute respiratory illness episodes (n=2,370) and proportion positive on multi-pathogen OpenArray test*, by detected virus and month. Virus percentages include single detections and codetections.

Conclusion

Virus-associated ARI varied by age, and outcomes varied by virus, but healthcare needs and missed work/school were reported for all viruses. These data may inform clinical and socioeconomic burden estimates for respiratory viruses.Table 2.Age groups, clinical, and outcome characteristics of acute respiratory illness episodes (n=2,370), by detected virus*.

Disclosures

Jade James-Gist, MPH, NA: na Janet A. Englund, MD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Speaker at meeting|SanofiPasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Shinogi: Advisor/Consultant Helen Y. Chu, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Vir: Advisor/Consultant Jennifer L. Kuntz, MS, PhD, Hillevax, Inc: Grant/Research Support Richard A. Mularski, MD, MSHS, MCR, Pfizer, Inc: Grant/Research Support Mark A. Schmidt, PhD, MPH, HilleVax: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support Neil D. Yetz, M.P.H., N/A: Expert Testimony