bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting to the New Economic World: The Changing Face of the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI)
Authors: Katz Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

CISTI, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, has been an integral part of Canada's R&D community for over 70 years. After more than 50 years of rapid development in favourable economic times, CISTI now faces its biggest challenge – to find a new balance between public service and commercial viability. New technologies and economic constraints are the major forces behind CISTI's growth into new markets and new products. A strategic plan developed in 1992–93 outlines the steps that CISTI will take over the next five to ten years to achieve greater economic self-sufficiency. The ready-made Canadian R&D market is no longer enough to sustain CISTI in the future. Growth will be achieved through new markets and new products. The plan calls for significant changes not just in the mix of services, but also in attitudes and organizational culture.
Defining a Role for a New National Library in a Developing Country: The National Library of Jamaica, 1980–1990
Authors: Ferguson Stephney
Published: August 2016

The National Library of Jamaica, created in 1979 from the West India Reference Library (WIRL), had to define its role and functions in the light of the existence of a well developed public library system which served the entire island, as well as a university library system and a fair number of small special libraries. Staff first had to be made aware of how the newly designated library differed from the old WIRL, which although well known for its outstanding collection of ‘Westindiana’ was primarily an urban-based library. The media were used to present information on the role and functions of the new library, which would perform all the accepted fundamental functions of national libraries in developed countries, except that relating to the coverage of foreign literature; in addition it would also be involved in interlending and document supply. Jamaica is a small developing country in which the European/North American-based culture and the African-influenced folk culture coexist. The library therefore recognizes the importance of developing collections of ephemera, oral history and folklore. There is a small preservation and conservation facility. In serving as the national bibliographic centre, it produces the national bibliography and creates various other bibliographic tools of national use. As the focal point of the national information system, it has developed a national referral service to aid interlending. Current awareness services are offered to library and information professionals, there is a programme of mounting exhibitions, and strong international links are maintained. Growth and development have been severely hampered by dwindling financial resources, which have resulted in some cutbacks to services. Nevertheless, the library has firmly established itself as an important cultural institution and as a leader in Caribbean library and information work.
The National Library of China
Authors: Weiming Jiang , Ning An
Published: August 2016

The National Library of China, established 84 years ago, aims to collect, process, preserve and disseminate human knowledge and information for the Communist Party of China, the government, key national projects, science and technology, research and academic institutions, and to some extent the general public. The library has a collection of 19 million items, 40% of them Chinese. The collections, which date back to the Southern Song Dynasty of the 13th century, have among their special treasures 35,000 pieces of inscribed turtle shells and animal bones, and 280,000 rare books published before 1795. The library started collecting non-print material in 1987. An Electronic Reading Room provides users with CD-ROMs and online services.
The Audiovisual Programme of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Authors: Grunberg Gérald
Published: August 2016

The audiovisual collections of national libraries are in general relatively undeveloped, they are still largely dominated by collections of printed materials. However, a rapid development in audiovisual materials and multimedia is occurring, as evidenced recently by the extension in some countries of legal deposit to such materials. In France a law of 1992 distributed responsibility for audiovisual materials among three institutions, of which the Bibliothèque nationale de France is one, dealing with sound recordings, videotapes and multimedia, both multi- and single-carrier. The library's new building provides a special opportunity to completely rethink the means of conservation of audiovisual and multimedia collections and of access to the information they contain. One big issue is whether to organize the collections within a special department or in relevant subject departments according to their contents, since it is now theoretically possible to transmit the contents of any audiovisual document to any location within the library. The library has therefore been conceived so that in future all work areas can be equipped with multimedia workstations. The Audiovisual Department will, like other departments, have two reading rooms, one for the general public and one for researchers, and 450 workstations will be provided.
Strategie Management in Eleven National Libraries: A Report on a Research Study
Authors: Chalmers Anna
Published: August 2016

In 1996 the national libraries of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the USA took part in a study of their experiences with strategic management. A literature review had identified 15 key aspects of strategic management. Respondents were asked their views of the importance of each aspect, and how satisfied they were with the library's achievement of it. In every case the importance attached to the aspect was greater than the library's satisfaction with achievement. Each library was also asked to nominate from a checklist the reason or reasons why it had produced its first strategic document. The centrality of the digital information environment to the core functions of national libraries has been highlighted by the study.
The Royal Library of Belgium at the Crossroads
Authors: Roelants Josiane
Published: August 2016

The Royal Library of Belgium, created in 1559, is the central research library of the country. The national library, which is one of its six departments, has two sections: Legal Deposit, and Belgian Bibliography and National Documentation. The fact that the area covered by Belgium was occupied in the past by several countries has resulted in a scattering over Europe of many of the library's treasures. Belgium became a federal state in 1994, consisting of three cultural communities and three physical regions, and four linguistic regions. It has also become the centre of the European Union. The new structure of the library does not however take into account the implications of the new constitution for the transfer to the communities of responsibilities in the field of cultural patrimony. The major objective of the library's management in the immediate future will be reconciling the library's structure with its new political and institutional framework. The administrative or physical separation of the function of National Library from the other functions of the Royal Library is now under consideration, but it could be difficult to realize. Technical facilities should be developed, as this is much more feasible. The future of the Royal Library might be seen as the virtual library of federal Belgium, ‘combining an on-site collection of current and heavily used materials in both print and electronic form with an electronic network which would provide access to, and delivery from, external worldwide library and commercial information and knowledge sources’.
Les Nouvelles Bibliothèques Nationales et la Mutation des Bibliothèques à la Fin du 20e Siècle
Authors: Melot Michel
Published: August 2016

It is surprising to note the number of national libraries in the world being built at a time when virtual libraries are being talked about. The first reason for this phenomenon must be sought in the publication explosion, which information technology does not seem to be discouraging. There are however three more fundamental reasons for the persistence of libraries in their physical form. Their architecture is adapting to the diversification of media and usages, notably by the development of levels in accord with the rate of document use; the library has a symbolic function for people as a meeting place and a concentration of established knowledge; and, in spite of increasingly globalized and standardized electronic support, libraries express special features associated with regional cultures. As a threatened species, libraries arc developing their own defences and undergoing a transformation that could herald not just their survival but a renaissance.
The National and University Library of Iceland
Authors: Sigurðsson Einar
Published: August 2016

As early as the 1950s it was decided to amalgamate the National Library of Iceland and the library of the University of Iceland - the prerequisite for this being the building of a new library near the university campus. After many years in construction, this building was finally completed in 1994, and a new library with a dual function, the National and University Library (NUL), was opened on 1 December of that year, in the process becoming by far the largest and technically best equipped library in Iceland. The university appoints two of the five members of the Library Board and the National Librarian has a non-voting seat on the University Senate. Although there are difficulties in running a library with a dual function, it is the main concern in the coming years to remove as many disadvantages as possible and to allow both the general public and the university to enjoy the benefits of a large and well-equipped library. The library is intended to play a leading role among Icelandic libraries; and the Ministry of Education and Culture has established a working group to investigate and propose a new library system, suitable for all libraries in the country, which would create a common database, present a single use interface, and include digital formats. Projects have been initiated by the NUL as stages in a programme to create an Icelandic National Electronic Library. The first project, Maps of Iceland on the Internet, has been completed, and a much larger one, SagaNet, begun; this entails the digitization of images of the manuscripts of the Sagas of the Icelanders, along with published texts. A new legal deposit law is being drafted, to take account of electronic publication.
The Biblioteca de Catalunya – Towards the Next Millennium
Authors: Planet Anna
Published: August 2016

The Biblioteca de Catalunya has been undergoing a major process of change in recent years, particularly following a 1993 Law on the Library System of Catalunya. The library, which enjoys a degree of autonomy, has a Governing Body on which staff are well represented. Its organization is structured first by type of material, then by activities that affect all areas. Restructuring involved a certain amount of upheaval for staff. A large building programme has taken place, consisting of remodelling within the Gothic building and the addition of an underground book-store. Security measures have been introduced, a conservation and preservation plan is being prepared, and a quality improvement programme is under way, and gaps in the collections are being filled. Conversion of the pre-1991 catalogue to machine-readable form, which is well advanced, will have numerous advantages for the library itself and the Catalan library system in general. The library is also responsible for the coordination of university and special libraries in Catalunya, for developing the Union Catalogue of the Bibliographic Heritage of Catalunya, and for various other kinds of support. It is also involved heavily in international cooperative activities. There is much still to be done, but the future looks positive.
Is the European Information Society Working?: A Review of Progress in the Member States of the European Union
Authors: Moore Nick
Published: August 2016

The pressures of competition in a global economy are causing governments to try to transform their economies and social structures into information societies. In the European Union, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden have been the leaders, with well-developed policy frameworks and a programme of government-supported information initiatives. A second group consists of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal and the UK, which have only recently given information society developments a high priority. A third group, Greece, Italy and Spain have no formal policy framework and only uncoordinated information society initiatives. Various actions and activities have been undertaken in the areas of public administration, services for the disabled and elderly people, education and training, the environment healthcare, language engineering, libraries, transport, services in urban and rural areas and support for small and medium-sized enterprises. Initiatives are spread thinly across the European Union and many are at an early stage, but the fact that a body of expertise is developing holds hope for the future. The role of governments is critical, since they can create the framework and structure for development by other agencies, they must cope with market failure and provide a regulatory regime, and they have an important role in funding pilot projects and raising awareness. What will be a long journey has however only begun
Library Places and Digital Information Spaces: Reflections on Emerging Network Services
Authors: Dempsey Lorcan
Published: August 2016

The British Library's Initiatives for Access programme aimed to ‘help the Library to come to terms with [digital] technology’. Libraries are institutions that have developed in a print world. They have become important public places, their use has become part of the normal behaviour of readers, and they have evolved a set of practices around the management of print collections. As we move towards a digital age, there are concerns as to how these practices and values should be re-created. It is not yet clear how congenial digital information spaces will be established. In the digital world the emphasis shifts from what can be done in physically constrained places to flows between information repositories and users. Repositories, flow and control will need to be managed and brought together into hospitable ‘information landscapes’. This should be done within a common frame of reference, with agreed standards for (e.g.) resource identification, structures to control differently encoded materials, and appropriate metadata. Users must be presented with services organized around their information uses and behaviour. We are just beginning to imagine what such an information landscape might look like; the World Wide Web offers only a shallow premonition. The challenge to the British Library over the coming years is not only to serve as a central learning place but to organize a social and learning space.
Scholarly Communication in an Electronic Environment: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Law Derek
Published: August 2016

Thanks to remarkable feats of international cooperation over the last 50 years librarians have produced and maintained a string of standards which collectively have made the identification of almost any published item a straightforward task (UBC), and have changed interlibrary document supply from a peripheral operation to a core activity (UAP). The system runs so smoothly that it is taken for granted and its lessons are not being used to inform discussions on the emergence of exactly the same issues in the electronic environment. The Internet is seen as a great and liberating development, but it is not a neutral one, and it requires very substantial international effort if it is to be made usable for sustained scholarly communication rather than short-term gratification. The preservation and archiving of electronic information has only just begun to surface as a very complex issue. An electronic environment is being created which is inimical to scholarship and which is largely being ignored by commercial and entertainment forces that are irrelevant to the scholarly process. A much more active approach from the library profession is required.
CoBRA+: A Review, with a Look to the Future
Authors: Dale Peter W.
Published: August 2016

CoBRA and CoBRA+ were concerted programmes of research projects and pilot studies carried out during the 1990s to remove barriers impeding the exchange of bibliographic records between European countries. They aimed to develop agreed common standards and other methods of enabling interchangeability between the various local MARC formats, to discover ways for national libraries to-share resources at a European level through optimizing the use of networks and other IT developments, and to examine ways of dealing with the rapid growth of electronic publications. The various projects achieved much success in these aims. EC funding for CoBRA+ expired at the beginning of 1999, but the partner libraries agreed that the initiative should continue. A new CoBRA Task Force will investigate further potential areas for study; if these do not fulfil the criteria for EC funding alternative sources of funding will be explored. The results of the CoBRA and CoBRA+ work to date have been impressive, and their lasting monument is the remarkable spirit of cooperation among the national libraries that has been created.
Childhood Adversity, Self-Esteem, and Diurnal Cortisol Profiles Across the Life Span
Authors: Zilioli Samuele , Slatcher Richard B. , Chi Peilian , Li Xiaoming , Zhao Junfeng , Zhao Guoxiang
Published: August 2016

Childhood adversity is associated with poor health outcomes in adulthood; the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been proposed as a crucial biological intermediary of these long-term effects. Here, we tested whether childhood adversity was associated with diurnal cortisol parameters and whether this link was partially explained by self-esteem. In both adults and youths, childhood adversity was associated with lower levels of cortisol at awakening, and this association was partially driven by low self-esteem. Further, we found a significant indirect pathway through which greater adversity during childhood was linked to a flatter cortisol slope via self-esteem. Finally, youths who had a caregiver with high self-esteem experienced a steeper decline in cortisol throughout the day compared with youths whose caregiver reported low self-esteem. We conclude that self-esteem is a plausible psychological mechanism through which childhood adversity may get embedded in the activity of the HPA axis across the life span.
Simply-supported multi-layered beams for energy harvesting
Authors: Patel Rupesh , Tanaka Yoshikazu , McWilliam Stewart , Mutsuda Hidemi , Popov Atanas A
Published: August 2016

This paper develops an analytical model for predicting the performance of simply-supported multi-layered piezoelectric vibrating energy harvesters. The model includes the effects of material and geometric non-linearities, as well as axial pre-tension/compression, and is validated against experimental devices for a large range of base accelerations. Numerical and experimental investigations are performed to understand the benefits of using simply-supported devices compared to cantilevered devices. Comparisons are made in an unbiased manner by tuning the resonant frequency to the same value by modifying the geometry, and the results obtained indicate that simply-supported devices are capable of generating higher voltage levels than cantilever devices. The model is also used to investigate the benefits of using multi-layered devices to improve power density. Depending on harvester composition, power-per-unit-volume of piezoelectric material for a device is increased through the stacking of layers.
Implementation of a Simplistic Bivalirudin-Warfarin Transition Protocol Is Associated With Improved Achievement of INR Values Within the Therapeutic Range
Authors: Rollins Amber R. , Smith Kathryn E. , Zemrak Wesley R.
Published: August 2016

Background: Transition from bivalirudin to long-term warfarin therapy is often difficult to execute due to bivalirudin prolongation of the international normalized ratio (INR), and literature to help guide this transition is extremely limited. Objective: To assess the transition from bivalirudin to warfarin after implementation of an institution-wide transition protocol. Methods: In this retrospective quasiexperimental study, adult patients receiving bivalirudin directly followed by warfarin for nonprocedural systemic anticoagulation were evaluated to determine the frequency of successful transition to warfarin. Participants were compared before (preprotocol) and after (postprotocol) the implementation of the transition protocol. Results: A total of 39 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (preprotocol = 19; postprotocol = 20). The percentage of patients achieving a successful transition was significantly higher in the postprotocol group compared with the preprotocol group (80.0% vs 42.1%, P = 0.015). Bleeding events were similar between the 2 groups (23.1% vs 16.7%, P = 0.689). Withholding of warfarin doses or the use of anticoagulant reversal agents or blood transfusions for supratherapeutic INR levels, surgical procedures, or drop in hemoglobin was numerically lower in the postprotocol group compared with the preprotocol group (16.7% vs 46.2%, P = 0.202). Conclusion: Implementation of a simplistic bivalirudin-warfarin transition protocol significantly increased the frequency of therapeutic INR results on bivalirudin discontinuation. Additionally, patients treated according to this protocol were less likely to have warfarin doses withheld or require reversal agents. Larger studies testing this transition strategy are warranted.
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Bordering on Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Tozbikian Gary , Brogi Edi , Vallejo Christina E. , Giri Dilip , Murray Melissa , Catalano Jeffrey , Olcese Cristina , Van Zee Kimberly J. , Wen Hannah Yong
Published: August 2016

Background. The clinical implications of the diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are very different. Yet there are “borderline” breast lesions that have characteristics of both ADH and DCIS. We examined interobserver diagnostic variability for such lesions and correlated pathologic features of the lesions with clinical outcomes. Methods. We identified all cases of borderline ADH/DCIS lesions treated at our center from 1997 to 2010. Five specialized breast pathologists blinded to clinical outcomes independently reviewed all available slides from each case and were instructed to classify each as benign, ADH, or DCIS. A majority diagnosis (MajDx) was defined as a diagnosis agreed upon by ≥3 pathologists. Results. A total of 105 women with borderline ADH/DCIS and slides available for review were identified. The MajDx was ADH in 84 (80%), and DCIS in 18 (17%). There were split diagnoses in 3 (3%). MajDx of DCIS correlated significantly with lesion size and nuclear grade. There was diagnostic agreement by all 5 pathologists in 30% of cases, 4 pathologists in 42%, and 3 pathologists in 25%. At a median follow-up of 37 months, 4 (3.8%) patients developed subsequent ipsilateral breast carcinoma (2 invasive, 2 DCIS); all 4 cases had MajDx of ADH. Conclusions. Borderline ADH/DCIS represents an entity for which reproducible categorization as ADH or DCIS cannot be achieved. Furthermore, histologic features of borderline lesions resulting in MajDx of ADH vs. DCIS are not prognostic for risk of subsequent breast carcinoma.
Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphism and Its Level Predict the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Male Indian Population
Authors: Kumari Babita , Prabhakar Amit , Sahu Anita , Chatterjee Tathagata , Tyagi Tarun , Gupta Neha , Nair Velu , Ashraf Mohammad Zahid
Published: August 2016

Objectives:

Genes related to endothelial function are responsible for the regulation of vascular functions.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether endothelial gene-associated polymorphism and their plasma levels can be used to predict the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods:

We studied 133 patients with VTE and 164 healthy controls. Endothelin (EDN) G8002A, EDN T1370G, EDN 3A/4A, eNOSG894T, angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D, vascular endothelial growth factor C936T, and endothelial cell protein C receptor A6936G polymorphism was genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Plasma levels of endothelin 1 (EDN1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay kit.

Results:

The genotype and allele frequency between control and patients with VTE were significantly altered only for EDN T1370G polymorphism. The plasma EDN1 concentration was relatively higher in patients with VTE ( P = .0017) compared to healthy controls and showed an association with the EDN1 gene polymorphism in male Indian population. Logistic regression model analysis for EDN T1370G indicated a significant association between EDN G allele and occurrence of VTE.

Conclusion:

The EDN1 gene polymorphism may play a significant role in predicting individual’s susceptibility toward VTE and its clinical progression.
Strong Reflexivity and Its Critics
Authors: Ploder Andrea , Stadlbauer Johanna
Published: August 2016

This contribution explores autoethnography as a strongly reflexive approach to qualitative research and its reception in German-speaking sociology and cultural anthropology. Over recent years, our academic communities have developed an increased interest in autoethnography, although many reactions range from critical to hostile: It is accused of solipsism, narcissism, lack of arguments and theory, affective immediacy, non-criticizability, endorsement of neoliberal politics, a threat to disciplinary identity, and a strategic mistake in the fight for appreciation of qualitative research. We discuss each point of criticism and translate our insights into more general considerations on strong reflexivity in German-speaking cultural and social sciences.
Evidence-based respiratory management strategies required to prevent complications and improve outcome in acute spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Pieri-Davies Sue , Chowdhury JR , Osman Aheed , El Masri(y) W
Published: August 2016

Spinal injuries without neurological damage have little effects on respiratory function unless associated with injury to the chest wall. Early verticalisation or mobilisation of these patients is safe and likely to improve vital capacity. Spinal injury with cord damage has a profound effect on the mechanics of respiration and on respiratory function particularly in cervical cord injuries. Around 40% of spinal cord injuries occur in the cervical spine, a trend that is steadily increasing, with respiratory causes being responsible for death in over 20% of individuals. Loss of lung volumes and relative hypoxemia contribute to global hypoxaemia, exacerbating cord ischaemia in the acute period. Respiratory compromise results in the loss of muscle strength generation capacity and reduced lung volumes and in particular vital capacity, of up to 70%, ineffective cough and secretion clearance abilities; reductions in both lung and chest wall compliance and an additional oxygen cost of breathing due to changes in respiratory mechanics, with obstructive sleep apnoea evident in over 50% of acute tetraplegics. While some countries have specialist spinal centres to manage such catastrophic trauma with a demonstrable improvement in health outcomes attributed to their contribution, many individuals are initially admitted to local hospitals where healthcare professionals are less likely to fully appreciate the significant and continued vulnerabilities of such individuals. This article aims to provide a basic understanding of the causes and identification of the main principles of the respiratory management strategies required to maintain pulmonary health for cervical spinal cord injury patients during the initial and early post trauma phase.
Pneumocephalus in lightning injury with additional neurologic sequelae
Authors: Yarnell Philip R , Weiland David
Published: August 2016

Lightning strike injury may present with a variety of injuries including burns and the sequelae of falls following the strike, and any pneumocephalus is usually as a result of a basal skull fracture following a fall. We present a case of pneumocephalus without skull fracture following lightning strike in a 58-year-old male. He suffered bilateral tympanic membrane rupture and the air entered his skull via a congenital defect in petrous tegmen tympani. The patient suffered a range of neurologic symptoms that were not fully resolved six months following injury.
Nuclear alpha spectrin: Critical roles in DNA interstrand cross-link repair and genomic stability
Authors: Lambert Muriel W
Published: August 2016

Non-erythroid alpha spectrin (αIISp) is a structural protein which we have shown is present in the nucleus of human cells. It interacts with a number of nuclear proteins such as actin, lamin, emerin, chromatin remodeling factors, and DNA repair proteins. αIISp’s interaction with DNA repair proteins has been extensively studied. We have demonstrated that nuclear αIISp is critical in DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair in S phase, in both genomic (non-telomeric) and telomeric DNA, and in maintenance of genomic stability following ICL damage to DNA. We have proposed that αIISp acts as a scaffold aiding to recruit repair proteins to sites of damage. This involvement of αIISp in ICL repair and telomere maintenance after ICL damage represents new and critical functions for αIISp. These studies have led to development of a model for the role of αIISp in DNA ICL repair. They have been aided by examination of cells from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), a repair-deficient genetic disorder in which a deficiency in αIISp leads to defective ICL repair in genomic and telomeric DNA, telomere dysfunction, and chromosome instability following DNA ICL damage. We have shown that loss of αIISp in FA cells is due to increased breakdown by the protease, µ-calpain. Importantly, we have demonstrated that this deficiency can be corrected by knockdown of µ-calpain and restoring αIISp levels to normal. This corrects a number of the phenotypic deficiencies in FA after ICL damage. These studies suggest a new and unexplored direction for therapeutically restoring genomic stability in FA cells and for correcting numerous phenotypic deficiencies occurring after ICL damage. Developing a more in-depth understanding of the importance of the interaction of αIISp with other nuclear proteins could significantly enhance our knowledge of the consequences of loss of αIISp on critical nuclear processes.
Time Banditry and Impression Management Behavior
Authors: Brock Baskin Meagan E. , McKee Victoria , Buckley M. Ronald
Published: August 2016

Time banditry recently has been introduced as a distinct construct in the counterproductive work behavior literature. Employees are engaged in time banditry when they pursue non–task-related activities during work time. We posit that they capitalize on the ambiguity in most work environments to manage impressions that their time banditry behavior really is productive and not counterproductive work behavior. In this investigation, two studies were conducted to explore variables that can be used to classify time bandits into four different categories. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine individual-level and job-level factors that classify time bandits. Results revealed that both situational and dispositional variables can be used to predict time bandit type. Suggestions for future research and implications for managing, reducing, and changing time banditry behaviors are discussed.
A Double Standard and Dubious Ethics in Determining Quality Teaching
Authors: Reardon R. Martin
Published: August 2016

Double Standard was created by the actors who appeared in the accompanying video in spring 2014, as part fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s-level class highlighting ethics in education for future educational administrators. A double standard comes into focus as an incoming middle school principal establishes procedures she associates with a well-run school. The White principal insists that lesson plans be submitted for review and applies a double standard in deciding that one Black teacher should be penalized—ostensibly because of her failure to turn in lesson plans—while another White teacher who does not turn in lesson plans is treated leniently. In the process, the principal pressures her White assistant principal to comply with her actions.
You’re the New Principal? Considering First Steps Toward Improvement at Sparrow Middle School
Authors: Peck Craig , Clarida Brian
Published: August 2016

In the contemporary context, demands for rapid school turnaround meet the reality of increased principal turnover. Therefore, it is crucial to help aspiring school leaders hone their problem-solving skills. This case provides readers with an opportunity to diagnose issues of concern at a struggling school, and then prescribe several initial strategies for improvement. To accentuate the personal relevance of the exercise, the authors employ second person narrative voice. The case has been revised and enhanced during its use over the past several years in principal preparation programs, including a federal-grant-funded initiative to train aspiring leaders of high-need, low-performing schools. The teaching notes provide guidance on how educational leadership instructors might use the case within their own courses.
A Measure of Toxicity
Authors: Mize Nicolas G.
Published: August 2016

Principal Vanessa Sanchez assumed leadership of a high-need, high-poverty urban school with a mandate from the district superintendent to change the school culture and to build an instructional team aligned to the principal’s theory of change. The central dilemma of the case is how to lead organizational change while managing interpersonal difficulties between a new administrator and a potentially toxic employee, who has been seen using drugs on campus, and who is also suspected of possession of marijuana on campus. The case challenges students to grapple with systemic change, as opposed to only navigating individual conflict, to shift an organization’s culture.
The Newcomb Precedent
Authors: Wallace Whitney R. , Platt R. Eric , Blankenship Ann , Mandishona Tanyaradzwa
Published: August 2016

This case study reviews the financial dispute and legal battle between the heirs of Josephine Newcomb and Tulane University. Following Hurricane Katrina (2005), Tulane’s Board of Directors announced Newcomb College’s closure to stabilize university finances. In response, Newcomb’s heirs filed suit against the university. In 2009, the Louisiana Supreme Court ruled in favor of Tulane, setting legal precedent for educational merger. Now, more than 10 years after Katrina, Newcomb alumnae continue to question whether Tulane administrators abused Newcomb’s financial intentions. This case study helps students consider the rights and interests of philanthropic donors from the perspective of different stakeholders.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe, catheter-induced vasospasm associated with excessive consumption of a caffeinated energy drink
Authors: Grant Ryan A , Cord Branden J , Kuzomunhu Lovemore , Sheth Kevin , Gilmore Emily , Matouk Charles C
Published: August 2016

Excessive consumption of over-the-counter stimulants is associated with coronary vasospasm, thrombotic complications, and sudden cardiac death. Their effects on cerebrovascular physiology are not yet described in the neurointerventional literature. Patients are increasingly exposed to high levels of these vasoactive substances in the form of caffeinated energy drinks and specialty coffees. We report a case of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and severe, catheter-induced vasospasm during attempted endovascular repair of a ruptured anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysm in the setting of excessive energy drink consumption. We review the literature and alert clinicians to this potentially serious complication.
Public conceptions of publicness in the wake of the Copenhagen killings
Authors: Horsbøl Anders
Published: August 2016

The deadly attacks on a public meeting and on a Jewish citizen in Copenhagen in February 2015 have given rise to a vast amount of public discussion and interpretation of the events themselves, their background, their causes, their significance, and their repercussions. During these discussions, various conceptions of publicness and public space have been articulated. Indeed, one may view the killings as a ‘critical discourse moment’ in which a range of discourses have been employed to help interpret, understand, and deal with what happened. In several of these discourses, conceptions of publicness play a central part. This article sets out to investigate the conceptions of publicness that were articulated in the Danish public spheres following the attacks. The article maps out some of the key different and partly contradictory notions of publicness that the reactions to the killings brought to the fore. The investigation thus focuses on the articulation of normative expectations and ideals of public spheres, on the limitations and restrictions that were acknowledged, and on the main societal problems and (inter)national contexts to which publicness was viewed as related. The analysis will cover national newspapers and center on the discursive resources of the media elite in early responses to the attacks, for example in editorials, or comments by writers, academics, debaters, and intellectuals.
Biomechanical Profiles When Towing a Sled and Wearing a Weighted Vest Once Cleared for Sports Post–ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Hartigan Erin , Lawrence Michael , Murray Thomas , Shaw Bernadette , Collins Erin , Powers Kaitlin , Townsend James
Published: August 2016

Background:

Though rehabilitation attempts to correct “stiff knee gait” and control for dynamic limb valgus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), impaired biomechanics often persist when an individual is cleared to return to sport (RTS). Reduced knee extension moments (KEMs) and knee flexion angles (KFAs) often continue. While at the hip, increased hip adduction angles (HADDAs) and hip internal rotation angles (HIRAs) often persist in spite of dynamic hip stabilization exercises. Sled towing and weighted vest tasks increase KEM and hip extension moments (HEMs) in healthy individuals, yet biomechanical profiles during these tasks after ACLR are unknown.

Hypothesis:

Weighted gait will increase KEM, HEM, hip abduction moments (HABDMs), and hip external rotation moments (HERMs) and will not increase unwanted biomechanics (limb asymmetries, HIRA, HADDA) compared with normal gait.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Fourteen men and 24 women who were 5 to 12 months after ACLR, had no concomitant ligament injuries, and were cleared to RTS were recruited. Sexes were evaluated independently given the sex-specific incidence to ACL injury, reinjury, and gait responses to certain interventions. Joint moment impulses and peak angles over the first 25% of stance were compared between limbs and across tasks (eg, unweighted gait, sled 50% body weight [BW], and vest 50% BW).

Results:

Men showed that weighted gait increased KEM, HEM, HERM, HADBM (vest only), HADDA, HIRA (sled only), and KFA. Asymmetrical KEM and KFA existed across tasks. Women showed that weighted gait increased KEM, HEM, HERM, HADBM (vest only), HFA (sled only), HADDA, and KFA. Asymmetrical KEM, HEM, HIRA, and KFA (sled only) existed across tasks.

Conclusion:

Weighted gait generally increased joint moments. Unwanted biomechanics were unique for each weighted gait task.

Clinical Relevance:

Though joint moments increased, both tasks created unwanted biomechanics after ACLR. Persistent hip (women only) and KEM asymmetries across tasks when cleared to RTS are concerning given the relationship among these biomechanics and decreased functional performance.
A Strategy to Promote Successful Transition to School Nursing
Authors: Blackmon-Jones Lisa
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this article is to share the findings of implementing a standardized, blended approach to school nurse orientation. This includes using classroom training, mentor/supervisory support, and skills labs to assure specific competencies that are needed for new nurses to successfully transition into this independent setting. This includes a description of the specialized skills and knowledge that are needed to successfully transition into this nursing specialty. School nurses are caring for more complex students. For example, students who were once homebound requiring tube feedings, ventilator, and tracheostomy care are now attending schools. They are responsible for triaging students with diverse needs which requires critical thinking skills. They case manage students with chronic diseases including: diabetes, asthma, life threatening food allergies and seizures. Lastly, school nurses manage students with risky behaviors related to drug usage, bullying and unprotected sex resulting in pregnancy.
21st-Century Diabetes
Authors: Brown Catherine
Published: August 2016

Advances in technology continue to improve quality of life for people with diabetes and enhance their ability to perform diabetes self-management activities. Both insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are increasingly more popular among students with diabetes. This article will provide school nurses an overview of how insulin pumps and CGMs operate and the implications of their use in the school setting.
Hearing Loss Detection in Schools and Early Child Care Settings
Authors: Winston-Gerson Randi , Sabo Diane L.
Published: August 2016

The school nurse is the key figure in successful school screening programs. A student with unidentified and unmet health care needs is unlikely to perform at their full potential, both academically and socially. The purpose of the article is to serve as a resource, providing guidance, strategies, and a discussion of available equipment to assist with successful screening programs.
Venous thromboembolism risk associated with protracted work- and computer-related seated immobility: A case-control study
Authors: Braithwaite Irene , Healy Bridget , Cameron Laird , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard
Published: August 2016

Objective

To examine the association between venous thromboembolism and prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility.

Design

A case-control study.

Participants and setting

Cases were 200 patients attending venous thromboembolism clinics with a history of deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism in the past six months, and controls were 200 patients treated in fracture clinic for an upper limb injury in the past six months.

Main outcome measures

Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between venous thromboembolism and prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility in the 28 days before the index event. Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility was defined firstly as a categorical variable with at least 10 h seated in a 24-h period, including at least 2 h without getting up; and secondly as the actual time spent seated in a 24-h period.

Results

Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility (categorical variable) was present in 36 (18%) cases and 31 (15.5%) controls. In multivariate analysis, there was no significant association between prolonged seated immobility and venous thromboembolism, odds ratio 1.18 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.48), P = 0.67. For the mean and maximum number of hours seated in a 24-h period, the odds ratios for the association per additional hour seated with venous thromboembolism were 1.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.6), P = 0.02 and 1.04 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.09), P = 0.08, respectively.

Conclusion

This study found a weak association between venous thromboembolism and prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility, with increasing mean hours seated associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism.
Four Thrombotic Events Over 5 Years, Two Pulmonary Emboli and Two Deep Venous Thrombosis, When Testosterone-HCG Therapy Was Continued Despite Concurrent Anticoagulation in a 55-Year-Old Man With Lupus Anticoagulant
Authors: Glueck Charles J. , Lee Kevin , Prince Marloe , Jetty Vybhav , Shah Parth , Wang Ping
Published: August 2016

Background: When exogenous testosterone or treatments to elevate testosterone (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] or Clomid) are prescribed for men who have antecedent thrombophilia, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism often occur and may recur despite adequate anticoagulation if testosterone therapy is continued. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old white male was referred to us because of 4 thrombotic events, 3 despite adequate anticoagulation over a 5-year period. We assessed interactions between thrombophilia, exogenous testosterone therapy, and recurrent thrombosis. In 2009, despite low-normal serum testosterone 334 ng/dL (lower normal limit [LNL] 300 ng/dL), he was given testosterone (TT) cypionate (50 mg/week) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 500 units/week) for presumed hypogonadism. Ten months later, with supranormal serum T (1385 ng/dL, upper normal limit [UNL] 827 ng/dL) and estradiol (E2) 45 pg/mL (UNL 41 pg/mL), he had a pulmonary embolus (PE) and was then anticoagulated for 2 years (enoxaparin, then warfarin). Four years later, on TT-HCG, he had his first deep venous thrombosis (DVT). TT was stopped and HCG continued; he was anticoagulated (enoxaparin, then warfarin, then apixaban, then fondaparinux). One year after his first DVT, on HCG, still on fondaparinux, he had a second DVT (5/315), was anticoagulated (enoxaparin + warfarin), with a Greenfield filter placed, but 8 days later had a second PE. Thrombophilia testing revealed the lupus anticoagulant. After stopping HCG, and maintained on warfarin, he has been free of further DVT-PE for 9 months. Conclusion: When DVT-PE occur on TT or HCG, in the presence of thrombophilia, TT-HCG should be stopped, lest DVT-PE reoccur despite concurrent anticoagulation.
miR-146b antagomir–treated human Tregs acquire increased GVHD inhibitory potency
Authors: Lu Yunjie , Hippen Keli L. , Lemire Amanda L. , Gu Jian , Wang Weizhi , Ni Xuhao , Ranganathan Parvathi , Levine Bruce L. , Riley James L. , June Carl H. , Turka Laurence A. , Munn David H. , Garzon Ramiro , Lu Ling , Blazar Bruce R.
Published: August 2016

Key Points

tTregs express high miR-146b levels and downregulate TRAF6 mRNA and NF-κB activation, which is essential for tTreg function. miR-146b antagomir enhances in vitro and in vivo tTreg suppression and persistence as well as xenogenic GVHD lethality.