bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Management and Surgical Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Puia Aida , Feier Catalin Vladut Ionut , Gaborean Vasile , Bodea Raluca , Graur Florin , Zaharie Florin , Al-Hajjar Nadim , Puia Ion Cosmin
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at a tertiary care hospital in Romania. The objective was to compare surgical volumes, tumor characteristics, and patient outcomes across three periods: pre-COVID, pandemic, and post-COVID. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 622 PDAC patients who underwent surgery between February 2018 and February 2024 was conducted. The key variables analyzed included tumor size, type of surgery (curative vs. palliative), use of neoadjuvant therapy, postoperative complications, and ICU monitoring, among others. Results: During the pandemic, there was a 25% decrease in surgical interventions compared the number performed during the pre-pandemic period, with a significant increase in the number of patients undergoing surgical intervention following neoadjuvant treatment (p = 0.009) in the post-pandemic period. Post-pandemic, surgical volumes increased by 10%, and tumor sizes were smaller (p = 0.029). Postoperative outcomes, such as complications, remained stable across the periods, but intensive care unit monitoring increased significantly during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Hospital stay durations were significantly shorter during and after the pandemic (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to delays in PDAC surgeries, but post-pandemic improvements in surgical volumes and early diagnosis are evident; however, further optimization of screening and treatment protocols is essential for improving patient outcomes.
Asymmetric Membranes Obtained from Sulfonated HIPS Waste with Potential Application in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yam-Cervantes Marcial Alfredo , Sulub-Sulub Rita , Hunh-Ibarra Mauricio , Duarte Santiago , Uc-Fernandez Erik , Pérez-Canales Daniel , Aguilar-Vega Manuel , González-Díaz Maria Ortencia
Published: November 2024

The recovery and reuse of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) into high-value products is crucial for reducing environmental thermoplastics waste and promoting sustainable materials for various applications. In this study, asymmetric membranes obtained from sulfonated HIPS waste were used for salt and dye removals. The incorporation of sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups into HIPS waste by direct chemical sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid (CSA), at two different concentrations, was investigated to impart antifouling properties in membranes for water treatment. Asymmetric membranes from recycled HIPS, R-HIPS, R-HIPS-3, and R-HIPS-5 with 3 and 5% sulfonation degrees, respectively. Sulfonated HIPS shows a decrease in water contact angle (WCA) from 83.8° for recycled R-HIPS to 66.1° for R-HIPS-5, respectively. A WCA decrease leads to an increase in antifouling properties for R-HIPS-5, compared to non-sulfonated R-HIPS, which leads to a higher flux recovery ratio (FRR) and enhanced separation properties for sulfonated membranes. The HIPS-5 membrane exhibited the highest rejection rates for Reactive Black 5 dye (94%) and divalent salts (72% for MgSO4 and 67% for Na2SO4). The performance of the recycled HIPS asymmetric membranes is well correlated with porosity, water uptake, and the higher negative charge from the sulfonic acid groups present, which enhance the electrostatic repulsions of salts and dyes.
Fabrication and Processing of Magnesium-Based Metal Matrix Nanocomposites for Bioabsorbable Implants
Authors: Larraza Andres , Burke Shane , Sotoudehbagha Pedram , Razavi Mehdi
Published: November 2024

A novel magnesium (Mg)-based metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) was fabricated using ultrasonic melt treatment to promote the de-agglomeration of the bioactive glass–ceramic nanoparticles and the homogenization of the melt. The cast samples were then heat treated, machined, and hot rolled to reduce grain size and remove structural defects. Standard mechanical and electrochemical tests were conducted to determine the effect of fabrication and processing on the mechanical and corrosion properties of MMNCs. Compression tests, potentiodynamic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and static immersion testing were conducted to determine the characteristics of the MMNCs. The results showed that the combination of ultrasonic melt processing and thermomechanical processing caused the corrosion rate to increase from 8.7 mmpy after 10 days of immersion to 22.25 mmpy when compared with the ultrasonicated MMNCs but remained stable throughout the immersion time, showing no statistically significant change during the incubation periods. These samples also experienced increased yield stress (135.5 MPa) and decreased elongation at break (21.92%) due to the significant amount of grain refinement compared to the ultrasonicated MMNC (σY = 59.6 MPa, elongation = 40.44%). The MMNCs that underwent ultrasonic melt treatment also exhibited significant differences in the corrosion rate calculated from immersion tests.
Metabolic Profile of Histomonas meleagridis in Dwyer’s Media with and Without Rice Starch
Authors: Ammar Sawsan , Christopher Courtney J. , Szafranski Nicole , Jones Rebekah , Rajeev Sree , Castro Hector F. , Campagna Shawn R. , Gerhold Richard
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives: Histomonas meleagridis, the causative agent of histomonosis (i.e., blackhead disease), threatens the poultry industry with serious economic losses due to its high mortality and morbidity in turkey and chicken flocks. In vitro studies are complicated by the inability to culture the parasite axenically. Histomonas meleagridis has been propagated in Dwyer’s media, which contains a starch source and serum, for over 50 years. The presence of insoluble starch component in Dwyer’s media represents an obstacle for the commercialization of such media, and the role of starch in media is poorly understood. Methods: To investigate the intracellular metabolomic differences in H. meleagridis and undefined bacteria grown in Dwyer’s media with rice starch (SD) and without rice starch (NR), we conducted a global metabolomics analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results: SD significantly supported the growth of H. meleagridis compared to NR. There was no significant difference in bacterial growth between SD and NR media at various timepoints. From the intracellular metabolic analysis of samples collected from the SD and NR media, a total of 170 known metabolites were identified. H. meleagridis appears to be the major contributor to global metabolic differences. Conclusions: We found that riboflavin had the highest variable importance in the projection score, and metabolites involved in riboflavin biosynthesis significantly contributed to the differences between SD and NR in the media immediately after the inoculation of H. meleagridis and undefined bacteria, warranting further investigations into the role of riboflavin biosynthesis in H. meleagridis growth.
An Improved Algorithm to Extract Moiré Fringe Phase for Wafer-Mask Alignment in Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Xu Feifan , Ding Yinye , Chen Wenhao , Xia Haojie
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes an improved algorithm based on the phase extraction of the Moiré fringe for wafer-mask alignment in nanoimprint lithography. The algorithm combines the strengths of the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and two-dimensional window Fourier filtering (2D-WFF) to quickly and accurately extract the fundamental frequencies of interest, eliminate noise in the fundamental frequency band by using the threshold of the local spectrum, and effectively suppress spectral leakage by using a Gaussian window with outstanding sidelobe characteristics while overcoming their limitations, such as avoiding the time-consuming parameter adjustment. The phase extraction accuracy determines the misalignment measurement accuracy, and the alignment accuracy is enhanced to the nanometer level, which is 15.8% and 6.6% higher than 2D-FFT and 2D-WFF, respectively. The results of simulations and experiments confirm the feasibility and rationality of the algorithm.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Biofilm-Encased Bacteria Exposed to Cuprous Oxide-Impregnated Wound Dressings
Authors: Roth Tohar , Zelinger Einat , Kossovsky Tally , Borkow Gadi
Published: November 2024

Microbial infections in wounds can significantly delay the healing process, with bacteria often forming protective biofilms that shield them from external threats. In this study, we evaluated the impact of copper oxide-impregnated wound dressings (referred to as COD) on a bacterial mixture comprising common Gram-positive and Gram-negative wound pathogens encased in biofilm. The bacterial mix was exposed to COD or control dressings for 0, 1, 2, and 3 h, and the effects were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. After just 1 h of exposure to COD, notable leakage of bacterial cytoplasmic contents was observed. By the 3 h mark, the Gram-negative bacteria exhibited a formation of holes in their cell walls, while Gram-positive bacteria showed a reduction in cell width. These findings demonstrate the ability of COD to effectively kill bacteria even when protected by biofilm, supporting clinical observations of its efficacy in managing infected wounds.
Nanopore Sequencing Allows Recovery of High-Quality Completely Closed Genomes of All Cronobacter Species from Powdered Infant Formula Overnight Enrichments
Authors: Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Kwon Hee Jin , Chen Yi
Published: November 2024

Precision metagenomic approaches using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing has been shown to allow recovery of complete genomes of foodborne bacteria from overnight enrichments of agricultural waters. This study tests the applicability of a similar approach for Cronobacter genome recovery from powdered infant formula (PIF) overnight enrichments, where Cronobacter typically dominates the overall microbiome (>90%). This study aimed to test whether using ONT sequencing of overnight PIF enrichments could recover a completely closed Cronobacter genome for further genomic characterization. Ten PIF samples, each inoculated with different Cronobacter strains, covering Cronobacter sakazakii, C. muytjensii, C. dublinensis, C. turicensis, and C. universalis, were processed according to the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) protocol. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used for initial screening (detection and quantification) of the overnight enrichments and confirmed that the inoculated PIF samples after the overnight enrichment had high levels of Cronobacter (107 to 109 CFU/mL). DNA from overnight PIF enrichments was extracted from the enrichment broth and sequenced using ONT. Results showed that ONT sequencing could accurately identify, characterize, and close the genomes of Cronobacter strains from overnight PIF enrichments in 3 days, much faster than the nearly 2 weeks required by the current BAM method. Complete genome recovery and species differentiation were achieved. This suggests that combining qPCR with ONT sequencing provides a rapid, cost-effective alternative for detecting and characterizing Cronobacter in PIF, enabling timely corrective actions during outbreaks.
Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Perspectives in French Caribbean
Authors: Tardieu Laurène , Doppelt Gary , Nicolas Muriel , Emal Violaine , Blanchet Pascal , Markowicz Samuel , Galantine Valérie , Roger Pierre-Marie , Claudéon Joëlle , Epelboin Loïc
Published: November 2024

Few studies have focused on the infectious complications in kidney transplant recipients in tropical regions, particularly in the Caribbean. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections in kidney transplant recipients in the French Caribbean and French Guiana. We included all patients who received a kidney transplant at the University Hospital of Guadeloupe between January 2014 and October 2016, with post-transplant follow-up in the French Caribbean. A total of 91 patients were included, of whom 57 developed an infectious event during follow-up. When infections were documented (94/111), bacterial infections were the most frequent (79/94), followed by fungal (11/94) and parasitic infections (4/94). Four cases of nocardiosis were identified (4/79). Phaeohyphomycosis was the most common fungal infection (7/11). In a multivariate analysis, the female gender and diabetes mellitus at the time of transplant were significantly associated with a higher risk of infection. This study is the first to describe the epidemiology of infections in kidney transplant recipients in the Caribbean and to analyze the potential risk factors. We reported a similar profile of bacterial infections to that which were observed in the European and American studies. However, we found a higher incidence of tropical infections, such as nocardiosis and phaeohyphomycosis, which highlights the need for heightened awareness among healthcare teams to ensure earlier and more appropriate treatment. Further studies focusing on these rare tropical infections are necessary to better understand their risk factors
Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Wild Trahira (Hoplias malabaricus) and Farmed Arapaima (Arapaima gigas) in Brazil: An Interspecies Transmission in Aquatic Environments Shared with Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Leal Carlos Augusto Gomes , Xavier Rafael Gariglio Clark , Queiroz Guilherme Alves de , Silva Tarcísio Martins França , Teixeira Júnia Pacheco , Aburjaile Flávia Figueira , Tavares Guilherme Campos
Published: November 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen responsible for cases of high mortality in farmed and wild fish worldwide. In Brazil, this bacterium has been commonly associated with outbreaks in Nile tilapia farms, but other native fish species are also susceptible. Since floating cages are one of the most common culture systems used in the country, the close contact between farmed tilapia and native fish species presents a risk concerning the transmission of this pathogen. In this study, we characterized a mortality outbreak in free-living trahira and in farmed arapaima, as well as the genetic and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates obtained. During the outbreaks, moribund fish were sampled and subjected to bacterial examination, after which the isolates were identified via MALDI-ToF analysis. Genotyping was evaluated using repetitive sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using disc diffusion assays. In addition, whole-genome analysis also was performed. S. agalactiae was identified in all diseased fish, all of which belonged to serotype Ib; however, trahira strains were classified as non-typeable lineages in the MLST assay, while arapaima strains were classified as ST260. These isolates were shown to be similar to the main genotype found in Nile tilapia in Brazil, using REP-PCR, MLST and phylogenomic analysis. The pathogenicity of the bacterium was confirmed by Koch’s postulates for both fish species. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed variable results to the same antibiotics among the isolates, prompting four of the isolates to be classified as multidrug-resistant. This study represents the first report of a natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in wild trahira and farmed arapaima inhabiting the same aquatic environment as Nile tilapia.
Separating Infectious Proctitis from Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Common Clinical Conundrum
Authors: Hall Richard , Patel Kamal , Poullis Andrew , Pollok Richard , Honap Sailish
Published: November 2024

Proctitis refers to inflammation in the rectum and may result in rectal bleeding, discharge, urgency, tenesmus, and lower abdominal pain. It is a common presentation, particularly in genitourinary medicine and gastroenterology, as the two most common causes are sexually transmitted infections and inflammatory bowel disease. The incidence of infective proctitis is rising, particularly amongst high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men, those with HIV seropositive status, and those participating in high-risk sexual behaviours. The most commonly isolated organisms are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema palladium, herpes simplex virus, and Mycoplasma genitalium. Recently, proctitis was also identified as a common feature during the Mpox outbreak. Distinguishing infective proctitis from inflammatory bowel disease remains a significant clinical challenge as there is significant overlap in the clinical presentation and their endoscopic and histological features. This review compares and highlights the distinguishing hallmarks of both inflammatory and infective causes of proctitis. It provides a practical guide to describe the key features that clinicians should focus on in both clinical and key diagnostic investigations to avoid potential misdiagnosis.
The Small RNA MicF Represses ObgE and SeqA in Escherichia coli
Authors: Stibelman Aaron Y. , Sariles Amy Y. , Takahashi Melissa K.
Published: November 2024

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNA) have been shown to play a large role in the management of stress responses in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. Upon fluctuations in nutrient availability and exposure to antimicrobials and superoxide-generating agents, the MicF sRNA in E. coli has been shown to regulate a small set of genes involved in the management of membrane permeability. Currently, it is unknown whether MicF acts on other processes to mediate the response to these agents. Using an sRNA interaction prediction tool, we identified genes in E. coli that are potentially regulated by MicF. Through subsequent analysis using a sfGFP-based reporter–gene fusion, we have validated two novel targets of MicF regulation: ObgE, a GTPase crucial for chromosome partitioning, and SeqA, a negative modulator of DNA replication. Importantly, the interaction between MicF and these target mRNAs is contingent upon the presence of the RNA chaperone protein, Hfq. Furthermore, our findings affirm the role of MicF’s conserved 5’ seed pairing region in initiating these regulatory interactions. Our study suggests that, beyond its established role in membrane permeability management, MicF exerts control over chromosome dynamics in response to distinct environmental cues, implicating a more multifaceted regulatory function in bacterial stress adaptation.
Synthesis of Super-High-Viscosity Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid by pgdS-Deficient Strain of Bacillus licheniformis and Its Application in Microalgae Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wu Wei , Mou Hongxiao , Liu Jun , Lei Lei , Li Xin , Cai Dongbo , Zhan Yangyang , Ma Xin , Chen Shouwen
Published: November 2024

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer whose molecular weight and viscosity are critical for its application in various fields. However, research on super-high-molecular-weight or -viscosity γ-PGA is limited. In this study, the pgdS gene in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 was knocked out using homologous recombination, and the batch fermentation performances of the recombinant strain WX-ΔpgdS were compared to those of WX-02. Nitrate accumulation was observed in the early fermentation stages of WX-ΔpgdS, and gene transcription analysis and cell morphology observations revealed that nitrite accumulation was caused by oxygen limitation due to cell aggregation. When the aeration and agitation rates were increased to 2.5 vvm and 600 r/min, respectively, and citrate was used as a precursor, nitrite accumulation was alleviated in WX-ΔpgdS fermentation broth, while γ-PGA yield and broth viscosity reached 17.3 g/L and 4988 mPa·s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the γ-PGA produced by WX-ΔpgdS exhibited a three-dimensional porous network structure. At a γ-PGA concentration of 5 mg/L, the fermentation broth of WX-ΔpgdS achieved a flocculation efficiency of 95.7% after 30 min of microalgae settling. These findings demonstrate that pgdS knockout results in super-high-viscosity γ-PGA, positioning it as an eco-friendly and cost-effective biocoagulant for microalgae harvesting.
Conservation and Dynamics of Maize Seed Endophytic Bacteria Across Progeny Transmission
Authors: Zhai Kaihui , Zhang Yingying , Zhao Caihong , Wang Qing , Gao Xiquan
Published: November 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop species for food, feedstock and industrial material. Maize seeds host a suitable ecosystem for endophytic bacteria, facilitating seed germination and seedling growth. However, the inheritance, diversity and potential function of seed endophytic bacteria in maize remain largely unexplored. In this study, the endophytic bacteria in the seeds of maize inbred line WU109 collected during three consecutive seasons were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Core community composition was essentially consistent across three seed generations and two planting locations. In total, 212 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 11 phyla were identified, among which proteobacteria was the dominant phylum. Fifty-six OTUs were conserved across three seed generations. Within them, 16 OTUs were core components and the dominant OTUs were Ralstonia solanacearum, Delftia tsuruhatensis, Bacillu svelezensis and Shigella boydii, accounting for 60% of the total abundance of OTUs. COG and KEGG analyses showed that the function of seed endophytic bacteria was mainly enriched in metabolic processes, especially in amino acid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Taken together, the results suggested that the community of maize seed endophytic bacteria was likely co-shaped by both genetic determination and the environment, while the core constitutes of seed endophytes were largely conserved due to transgenerational transmission. Establishing the mutualistic link between the maize seed and its endophytic bacteria enables the exploitation of the potential of endophytes for enhancing crop production. This finding provides a reference to better understand the inheritance and composition of seed core endophytic bacteria in maize.
An Easy-to-Use Tool to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Risk of Infection in Closed Settings: Validation with the Use of an Individual-Based Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Santoro Benedetta , Larese Filon Francesca , Milotti Edoardo
Published: November 2024

The dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed that closed environments, such as hospitals and schools, are more likely to host infection clusters due to environmental variables like humidity, ventilation, and overcrowding. This study aimed to validate our local transmission model by reproducing the data on SARS-CoV-2 diffusion in a hospital ward. We implemented our model in a Monte Carlo procedure that simulates the contacts between patients and healthcare workers in Trieste’s geriatric ward and calculates the number of infected individuals. We found the median number of infected workers to be 38.98 (IQR = 7.75), while all patients were infected in most of the simulation runs. More infections occurred in rooms with lower volumes. Higher ventilation and mask-wearing contribute to reduced infections; in particular, we obtained a median value of 35.06 (IQR = 9.21) for the simulation in which we doubled room ventilation and 26.12 (IQR = 10.33) in the simulation run in which workers wore surgical masks. We managed to reproduce the data on infections in the ward; using a sensitivity analysis, we identified the parameters that had the greatest impact on the probability of transmission and the size of the outbreak.
The Development of Dolomite Within a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework: Cambrian Series 2 Changping Formation, Xiaweidian, China
Authors: Zhong Shan , Liu Zhaoqian , Jin Zhenkui , Tian Hongyu , Istifanus Madaki Agwom , George Simon C.
Published: November 2024

The Lower Cambrian Changping Formation in the Western Hills of Beijing hosts tidal flat and lagoonal carbonates comprising dolomites, limestones, and dolomitic limestones, reflecting the processes of dolomite cementation and dolomitization within a sedimentary framework. Based on petrographic textures, two types of dolomites were identified: microcrystalline dolomite and fine-mesocrystalline dolomite. Integrating petrological and geochemical data unveils two diagenetic stages. The initial dolomite formation, attributed to hypersaline fluids, occurred in a supratidal-sabkha setting during the early Cambrian. The dolomitization at the top of the Changping Formation, driven by evaporatively concentrated brines from the overlying Mantou Formation, altered peritidal carbonates. This study evaluates the original sedimentary environment and dolomitization within a sequence stratigraphic context, revealing a correlation between dolomitization episodes and the stratigraphic framework in the study area. Factors influencing this framework profoundly impact depositional environments and material composition, leading to micromorphological differences in dolomites. Sabkha dolomite formation, associated with evaporative pumping, predominates near the base of transgressive systems tracts. Seepage reflux dolomite, often linked with evaporative pumping dolomite, constitutes a vertical cycle in the sequence framework. The sequence from bottom to top is sabkha microcrystalline dolomite, limestone and dolomitic limestone, seepage reflux saccharoidal dolostone, and sabkha dolomite.
Application of Blast-Pile Image Analysis in a Mine-to-Crusher Model to Minimize Overall Costs in a Large-Scale Open-Pit Mine in Brazil
Authors: Navarro Torres Vidal Félix , Ferreira Fabiano Veloso , de Carvalho Victor Albuquerque , Veras Eltton , Sitônio Felipe França
Published: November 2024

Amazon rainforests have many hidden treasures; thus, a balance between mine activities and the environment must be maintained. In the northern region of Brazil, there is a large diversity of metal ore deposits, the exploitation of which requires innovative and sustainable mining operations. Historically, mining operations have caused various environmental issues, such as landscape deterioration, damage to natural structures due to detonations, and soil and water pollution, and have also contributed to CO2 emissions from diesel trucks. Here, to estimate and minimize the operating expenses of a large-scale open-pit iron mine, a mine-to-crusher model was developed. The calibration of the mine-to-crusher model was based on rock fragmentation from the blasting phase through the primary crushing phase from an analysis of pictures of the fragmented pile. A reduction in cost was determined for an optimum 90% passing size (P90). The calibration was performed with technical and economic parameters from 2 years before. For the studied iron ore mine site, an optimum P90 value between 0.29 and 0.31 m was determined.
Simulation Studies of the Dynamics and the Connectivity Patterns of Hydrogen Bonds in Water from Ambient to Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Swiatla-Wojcik Dorota
Published: November 2024

Pressurized high-temperature water attracts attention as a promising medium for chemical synthesis, biomass processing or destruction of hazardous waste. Adjustment to the desired solvent properties requires knowledge on the behavior of populations of hydrogen-bonded molecules. In this work, the interconnection between the hydrogen bond (HB) dynamics and the structural rearrangements of HB networks have been studied by molecular dynamics simulation using the modified central force flexible potential and the HB definition controlling pair interaction energy, HB length and HB angle. Time autocorrelation functions for molecular pairs bonded continuously and intermittently and the corresponding mean lifetimes have been calculated for conditions ranging from ambient to supercritical. A significant reduction in the continuous and intermittent lifetimes has been found between (293 K, 0.1 MPa) and (373 K, 25 MPa) and attributed to the decreasing size of patches embedded in the continuous HB network. The loss of global HB connectivity at ca. (573 K, 10 MPa) and the investigated supercritical conditions do not noticeably affect the HB dynamics. Over the whole temperature range studied, the reciprocal intermittent lifetime follows the transition state theory dependence on temperature with the activation energy of 10.4 kJ/mol. Calculations of the lifetime of molecules that do not form hydrogen bonds indicate that at supercritical temperatures, the role of reactions involving an unbound H2O molecule as a reactant can be enhanced by lowering system density.
Development of Naphthalene-Derivative Bis-QACs as Potent Antimicrobials: Unraveling Structure–Activity Relationship and Microbiological Properties
Authors: Frolov Nikita A. , Seferyan Mary A. , Detusheva Elena V. , Son Elizabeth , Kolmakov Ilya G. , Kartseva Alena S. , Firstova Victoria V. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Elinson Michail N.
Published: November 2024

While the pandemic is behind us, the world community faces a global threat of bacterial resistance outbreak. One of the key ways to combat the spread of multi-resistant bacteria is infection prevention and control tactics using modern antiseptic and disinfectant compositions. Herein, we continue the path to unravel the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of potent pyridine-derived biocide class bis-quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). In this study, twenty dihydroxynaphthalene-derivative bis-QACs were subjected to extensive microbiological analysis on planktonic cells and biofilms of the ESKAPE microorganisms. Among them, hit compounds were superior in their bacteriostatic and bactericidal action to commercial mono-QACs and were comparable to the best bis-QAC antiseptic on the market. SAR analysis indicated that the linker conformation does not significantly affect the activity, though structure symmetry and especially lipophilicity had an influence on antibacterial performance. Furthermore, we delve deeper in investigation of the antimicrobial potential of bis-QACs and conducted a variety of assays, including time–kill kinetics, bacterial resistance formation, cell morphology, and cytotoxicity. Studies showed promising results for compounds 5d and 6d, indicating 2 to 3-fold less cytotoxicity and hemotoxicity compared to commercial QACs. Moreover, SEM imaging revealed that bis-QACs can cause severe membrane damage to S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains, confirming great potential of novel compounds as antiseptic and disinfectant.
The Biochar Derived from Pecan Shells for the Removal of Congo Red: The Effects of Temperature and Heating Rate
Authors: Xu Wanqiang , Cai Bo , Zhang Xujie , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yongjian , Peng Hehuan
Published: November 2024

Organic pollutants, especially dyes, are seriously hazardous to the aquatic system and humans due to their toxicity, and carcinogenic or mutagenic properties. In this study, a biochar prepared from agricultural waste (pecan shells) via pyrolysis was applied to remove the dye pollutant Congo Red from wastewater to avoid a negative effect to the ecosystem. This study also investigated the effect of preparation conditions (temperature and heating rate) on the physicochemical properties and the adsorption performance of biochars. The physicochemical properties of the biochar were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption performance of the biochar was evaluated for Congo Red removal. The results showed that biochar prepared at 800 °C with a heating rate of 20 °C/min (PSC-800-20) exhibited a higher specific surface area of 450.23 m2/g and a higher adsorption capacity for Congo Red (130.48 mg/g). Furthermore, adsorption experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models fitted well with the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the biochar derived from pecan shells, respectively. Additionally, the PSC-800-20 biochar demonstrated a stable adsorption capacity over multiple cycles, suggesting its potential for regeneration and reuse in wastewater treatment applications. Therefore, the biochar derived from agricultural waste presents a promising and sustainable solution for the removal of toxic dye pollutants from wastewater.
Permanent Strain Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide Using Laser-Driven Stressors for Energy-Efficient Resistive Switching Memory Devices
Authors: Jang Heeyoon , Hyeong Seok-Ki , Park Byeongjin , Kim Tae-Wook , Bae Sukang , Jang Sung Kyu , Kim Yonghun , Lee Seoung-Ki
Published: November 2024

Strain engineering provides an attractive approach to enhance device performance by modulating the intrinsic electrical properties of materials. This is especially applicable to 2D materials, which exhibit high sensitivity to mechanical stress. However, conventional methods, such as using polymer substrates, to apply strain have limitations in that the strain is temporary and global. Here, we introduce a novel approach to induce permanent localized strain by fabricating a stressor on SiO2/Si substrates using fiber laser irradiation, thereby enabling precise control of the surface topography. MoS2 is transferred onto this stressor, which results in the application of ~0.8% tensile strain. To assess the impact of the internal strain on the operation of ReRAM devices, the flat-MoS2-based and the strained-MoS2-based devices are compared. Both devices demonstrate forming-free, bipolar, and non-volatile switching characteristics. The strained devices exhibit a 30% reduction in the operating voltage, which can be attributed to bandgap narrowing and enhanced carrier mobility. Furthermore, the strained devices exhibit nearly a two-fold improvement in endurance, presumably because of the enhanced stability from lattice release effect. These results emphasize the potential of strain engineering for advancing the performance and durability of next-generation memory devices.
Nanocarrier-Based Eco-Friendly RNA Pesticides for Sustainable Management of Plant Pathogens and Pests
Authors: Qiao Heng , Chen Jingyi , Dong Min , Shen Jie , Yan Shuo
Published: November 2024

The production of healthy agricultural products has increased the demand for innovative and sustainable plant protection technologies. RNA interference (RNAi), described as post-transcriptional gene silencing, offers great opportunities for developing RNA pesticides for sustainable disease and pest control. Compared with traditional synthesized pesticides, RNA pesticides possess many advantages, such as strong targeting, good environmental compatibility, and an easy development process. In this review, we systematically introduce the development of RNAi technology, highlight the advantages of RNA pesticides, and illustrate the challenges faced in developing high-efficiency RNA pesticides and the benefits of nanocarriers. Furthermore, we introduce the process and mechanism of nanocarrier-mediated RNAi technology, summarize the applications of RNA pesticides in controlling plant pathogens and pests, and finally outline the current challenges and future prospects. The current review provides theoretical guidance for the in-depth research and diversified development of RNA pesticides, which can promote the development and practice of nanocarrier-mediated RNAi.
Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles from Mauritia flexuosa Fruit Extract: Characterization and Bioactivity Assessment
Authors: Zúñiga-Miranda Johana , Vaca-Vega David , Vizuete Karla , Carrera-Pacheco Saskya E. , Gonzalez-Pastor Rebeca , Heredia-Moya Jorge , Mayorga-Ramos Arianna , Barba-Ostria Carlos , Coyago-Cruz Elena , Debut Alexis , Guamán Linda P.
Published: November 2024

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, persistent biofilms, oxidative stress, and cancerous cell proliferation poses significant challenges in healthcare and environmental settings, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and sustainable therapeutic solutions. The exploration of nanotechnology, particularly the use of green-synthesized nanoparticles, offers a promising avenue to address these complex biological challenges due to their multifunctional properties and biocompatibility. Utilizing a green synthesis approach, Mauritia flexuosa Mf-Ag2ONPs were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Mf-Ag2ONPs exhibited potent antibacterial effects against both non-resistant and MDR bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 11.25 to 45 µg/mL. Mf-Ag2ONPs also demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy, particularly against Candida glabrata, with an MIC of 5.63 µg/mL. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed strong biofilm inhibition capabilities and substantial antioxidant properties, underscoring their potential to combat oxidative stress. Additionally, Mf-Ag2ONPs exhibited pronounced anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines, displaying low IC50 values across various cancer cell lines while maintaining minimal hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations. These findings suggest that Mf-Ag2ONPs synthesized via an eco-friendly approach offer a promising alternative for biomedical applications, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer therapies, warranting further in vivo studies to fully exploit their therapeutic potential.
Advances, Challenges, and Applications of Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Engineering Ceramics
Authors: Almansoori Alaa , Balázsi Katalin , Balázsi Csaba
Published: November 2024

Engineering ceramics and their composites are widely used owing to their excellent properties, including high wear, corrosion and heat resistance, low friction coefficient, and low thermal conductivity; thus, the current paper presents a comprehensive review of the most common types of engineering ceramics, demonstrating their key properties, advantages, potential applications, and challenges. This paper also provides prevailing methods for tackling the engineering ceramic challenges and maximizing their applicability. This review paper focuses on alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), zirconia (ZrO2), aluminum nitride (AlN), and silicon nitride (Si3N4), and explores their usability in automotive, aerospace, and tribological applications. Additionally, the incorporation of reinforcing nanomaterials, i.e., graphene and carbon nanotubes or their combination with second-phase reinforcing nanomaterials in these types of ceramics to improve their physico-mechanical properties is also discussed. By strategically adding these reinforcing materials, the brittleness of ceramics can be mitigated, leading to materials that are more suitable for demanding applications in various high-performance industries.
Review of the Relationships Between Human Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Obesity
Authors: Patloka Ondřej , Komprda Tomáš , Franke Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Obesity is a complex disease that increases the risk of other pathologies. Its prevention and long-term weight loss maintenance are problematic. Gut microbiome is considered a potential obesity modulator. The objective of the present study was to summarize recent findings regarding the relationships between obesity, gut microbiota, and diet (vegetable/animal proteins, high-fat diets, restriction of carbohydrates), with an emphasis on dietary fiber and resistant starch. The composition of the human gut microbiome and the methods of its quantification are described. Products of the gut microbiome metabolism, such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, and their effects on the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are discussed in the context of obesity. The importance of dietary fiber and resistant starch is emphasized as far as effects of the host diet on the composition and function of the gut microbiome are concerned. The complex relationships between human gut microbiome and obesity are finally summarized.
Establishment of a Rapid and Precise Nutritional Screening Method for Convalescent Rehabilitation Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Okamoto Kozue , Kogirima Miho , Tsuji Yoshiro , Ishino Shinsuke , Inoue Hiromasa
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition significantly hinders recovery in patients undergoing convalescent rehabilitation. Proper nutritional management can improve rehabilitation outcomes. This study aimed to develop a novel nutritional screening method (J-Method) specifically in patients undergoing convalescent rehabilitation and compare it with the widely used Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Methods: We developed the J-Method for convalescent rehabilitation settings and compared its results with that of the MNA-SF. The J-Method comprised six items derived from various nutritional screening methods and obtained solely from medical records, without patient interviews. Data from 148 patients aged > 65 years with cerebrovascular diseases admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward (CRW) were collected. Nutritional status was evaluated using the J-Method and MNA-SF, after which the results were compared. Results: It is possible that the J-Method more precisely identified patients as malnourished than did the MNA-SF (J-Method: MNA-SF = 36/148 (24.3%): 111/148 (75.0%)). In detail, 75 (50.4%) were classified as having malnutrition by the MNA-SF but as non-malnutrition by the J-Method; however, no patients were in the opposite scenario. In addition, the results of nutritional screening using the J-Method identified patients in need of nutritional management intervention and suggested that to improve the rehabilitation effect, nutritional management should be initiated in an acute hospital before admission to a CRW. Conclusions: The J-Method may be more effective than the MNA-SF for nutritional screening in convalescent rehabilitation settings, as it provides a more accurate assessment of malnutrition without requiring patient interviews.
Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort
Authors: Al-Bayyari Nahla , Hailat Marah , Baylin Ana
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess malnutrition and muscle mass depletion risk in gastrointestinal cancer patients, exploring the differences between gastric and colorectal cancer, with a focus on gender0specific variations and dietary intake. It also examined whether muscle depletion mediates the relationship between dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Methods: A sample of 100 Jordanian pre-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients (60 male, 40 female) with gastric or colorectal cancer were assessed for malnutrition risk using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and for muscle depletion using fat-free mass index (FFMI) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA). Results: The study found that 80% (95% CI: 0.708–0.873) of patients were at high risk of malnutrition, with over 60% experiencing severe muscle loss. Gastric cancer patients showed higher, though not statistically significant, malnutrition risk (90.2% vs. 72.9%) and muscle depletion compared to colorectal cancer patients. Advanced cancer stages were associated with significantly higher risk of malnutrition and muscle depletion. Significant gender-specific differences in muscle depletion via FFMI (p = 0.012) and via MUAMA (p = 0.028) were also noted, especially in females with gastric cancer. Additionally, males exhibited a significantly higher malnutrition risk (p < 0.001) based on cancer stage. Patients’ dietary intake was significantly (p < 0.001) below the recommended levels for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential fatty acids, which was associated with higher malnutrition risk, muscle depletion, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), and significant weight loss (>10%). Low dietary intake was strongly linked to increased malnutrition risk and muscle depletion, with muscle loss partially mediating (b = 0.4972, p < 0.0001) the relationship between poor dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Additionally, higher muscle mass was protective against malnutrition (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: 1.706–150.507), and cancer type was a significant predictor of malnutrition risk (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: 1.583–130.867). Conclusions: Malnutrition risk and significant muscle loss are common in GI cancer patients, highlighting the urgent need for tailored nutrition care plans and lifestyle modifications.
Estimated Dietary Intakes of Vitamin A5
Authors: Bohn Torsten , Despotovic Marta , Vahid Farhad , Rühl Ralph
Published: November 2024

Background: A new vitamin concept, termed vitamin A5, an umbrella term for vitamin A derivatives being direct nutritional precursors for 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid and further induction of RXR-signaling, was recently identified with global importance for mental health and healthy brain and nerve functions. Dietary recommendations in the range of 1.1 (0.5–1.8) mg vitamin A5 / day were suggested by an international expert consortium. The ensuing question arises as to the current daily dietary intake amounts in Western civilization. Methods: Addressing this answer included calculating the intake based on known amounts of vitamin A5 in frequently consumed food items of the human diet that are high in this vitamin, as well as the known daily dietary intake amounts of those selected food components in Westernized countries. Results: Regarding food items, amounts of vitamin A5 in the form of provitamin A5 (i.e., 9-cis-beta-carotene (9CBC)), the predominant form in the diet, were found to range from 0.1 to 39 µg 9CBC / g for individual fruits and vegetables, with the highest concentrations being in leafy vegetables. The average intake amounts of vitamin A5 in adults of the general population following a Western lifestyle in Europe averaged 0.9, with a range from 0.5 (for Austria) to 1.3 (for Italy) mg 9CBC/day. Furthermore, based on our calculations, large parts, i.e., approximately two-thirds, of the population are low, even too low (<1.1 mg/day), in daily vitamin A5 intake. Conclusion: In addition to the importance of nudging the population toward a regrettably non-well-accepted higher intake of fruits and vegetables, an additional fortification and supplementation of vitamin A5 could be considered, similar to other micronutrients that are low in a Westernized diet.
Examining Infant and Child Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Lyme Disease During Pregnancy
Authors: Williams Meagan E. , Schwartz David A. , DeBiasi Roberta L. , Mulkey Sarah B.
Published: November 2024

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Recent environmental and socioecological changes have led to an increased incidence of Lyme and other tick-borne diseases, which enhances the urgency of identifying and mitigating adverse outcomes of Lyme disease exposure. Lyme disease during pregnancy, especially when untreated, may lead to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes; however, long-term child outcomes following utero exposure to Lyme disease have not yet been systematically assessed. This concise review describes the current state of knowledge of Lyme disease as a congenital infection and the potential effects of in utero exposure to Lyme disease infection on the neurodevelopment of infants and children. We highlight the importance of distinguishing between acute Lyme disease and a chronic condition termed Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome, as the impacts of both conditions on the developing fetus and subsequent child development may differ. The importance of placental pathology for patients with acute or chronic symptoms of Lyme disease in pregnancy is explored. Future research aiming to understand and protect neurodevelopment after antenatal Lyme disease must carefully collect potentially confounding variables such as symptomatology and treatment, use clear and standard case definitions, and follow children into school-age and beyond.