bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Inhibition of Sound-Induced Convulsions in Mice
Authors: Collins Robert L.
Published: October 2006

Loud sound repeatedly presented to one ear after an initial bilateral exposure produces a lateralized inhibition of convulsibility in SJL/J mice. Inhibition of the right side does not affect the convulsible state of the left side. Processes leading to inhibition and convulsibility may develop independently within the same animal.
Airborne Lead and Carbon Monoxide at 45th Street, New York City
Authors: Bové John L. , Siebenberg Stanley
Published: October 2006

Daily business-day traffic determines the diurnal lead concentration as well as diurnal carbon monoxide concentration. Daily averages of 7.5 micrograms per cubic meter for lead and 13 parts per million of carbon monoxide were found for the 10-week period of the study. Correlations were demonstrated for lead and traffic and lead and carbon monoxide.
Placental Transfer of a Substituted Pteridine from Fetus to Mother
Authors: McNay J. L. , Dayton P. G.
Published: October 2006

In sito
near-term sheep placentas transferred triamterene (2,4,7-triamino-6-phenyl-pteridine) from the fetus much more rapidly than to the fetus. This differential transfer effect may significantly influence the distribution of exogenous and endogenous compounds between the maternal and fetal compartments.
Viscosity of the Atlantic Ocean Bottom
Authors: Cramer Chris H.
Published: October 2006

Two profiles across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed to determine viscosity values. Viscous creeping of bottom features due to gravitational stress was assumed, as was sea floor spreading at a rate of 2 centimeters per year. Values obtained agreed well with previous results obtained on the Fennoscandian Uplift, despite great differences in the horizontal dimensions of the bottom relief.
Transverse Wave Instability in a Solid Explosive
Authors: Dunne B. B.
Published: October 2006

By the use of a metal indentation technique, microscopic transverse or side-running shock waves can be detected in composition C-4, an explosive consisting largely of cyclonite (RDX) with organic plasticizers. The minimum wave spacing observed is approximately 0.05 millimeters. with a lateral velocity of about 6.5 millimeters per microsecond. The instability was demonstrated in cylindrically divergent detonation waves.
Altered Dihydrofolate Reductase Associated with Drug-Resistance Transfer between Rodent Plasmodia
Authors: Ferone Robert , O'Shea Mary , Yoeli Meir
Published: October 2006

Resistance to pyrimethamine in strains of
Plasmodium vinckei
and of
Plasmodium berghei
is attributed to changes in amounts and properties of the dihydrofolate reductases. The resistant strain of
Plasmodium berghei
was isolated from an experimentally induced mixed infection of drug-resistant
Plasmodium vinckei
and drug-sensitive
Plasmodium berghei
, through biological filtration in hamsters. The drug resistance in
Plasmodium berghei
appears to have been acquired through transfer of part of the gene or genes coding for dihydrofolate reductase from the resistant
Plasmodium vinckei
to the sensitive
Plasmodium berghei
.
Lead Effects on Corn Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Koeppe David E. , Miller Raymond J.
Published: October 2006

Oxidation of exogenous nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and succinate by corn mitochondria was measured as a function of lead chloride concentration. Lead chloride (50 to 62 micromoles per liter) stimulated oxidation of exogenous reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by 174 to 640 percent depending on the reaction mediums, whereas lead chloride (12.5 micromoles per liter) inhibited succinate oxidation by more than 80 percent. When inorganic phosphate was included in reaction mediums the subsequent addition of lead was without effect due to the low solubility of lead phosphate. If addition of lead was followed by addition of phosphate the inhibition of succinate oxidation by lead was released, but there was no reduction in the stimulation of oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by lead. The effects of lead on plant growth might be accentuated under conditions of phosphate deficiency.
Lymphomas in Mice: Failure of Induction after a Graft-versus-Host Reaction
Authors: Rossi Giovanni B. , Friend Charlotte
Published: October 2006

A mild graft-versus-host reaction induced in (BALB/cJ × DBA/2J)F
1
mice by the administration of parental spleen cells that differ at several weak histocompatibility loci did not influence the development of lymphomas in these animals. Rous sarcoma virus also failed to induce tumors in the runt and control animals. Breast carcinomas, presumably due to contamination of the inoculums with mammary tumor virus, occurred in those experimental groups given parental cells, whether or not they were viable or immunologically competent. We found no evidence that the immunologic process—as represented by the graft-versus-host reaction—is causally related to the induction of neoplasia.
Magnetometer Evidence of a Structure within the La Venta Pyramid
Authors: Morrison Frank , Benavente José , Clewlow C. W. , Heizer R. F.
Published: October 2006

The pyramid at La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico, was surveyed in May 1969 with a high-sensitivity difference magnetometer. The general pattern of the magnetic map is one of low (10-gamma) radial anomalies, which reflect the ridge and gully topography of the pyramid, with a larger magnetic high area (+30 gammas) centered 25 meters south and 10 meters east of the center of the pyramid. The anomalous region near the top has been interpreted with the aid of computer-calculated anomalies from three-dimensional rectangular blocks. The major high is probably associated with a basalt structure that rises to within 1 to 2 meters of the surface. A possible form for this structure was found to be a 10-meter-square horizontal platform with walls along its northern and eastern margin.
Fluid Transport: Concentration of the Intercellular Compartment
Authors: Wall Betty J. , Oschman James L. , Schmidt-Nielsen Bodil
Published: October 2006

Intercellular spaces of
Periplaneta
rectal pads are visible at a magnification of × 100 and distend during fluid uptake. Samples (0.025 to 0.1 nanoliter) obtained by micropuncture from the spaces were consistently more concentrated than the fluid in the rectal lumen. This observation supports the hypothesis of "local" osmosis in epithelial fluid transport.
Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Mouse Embryos prior to Implantation
Authors: Graves Charles N. , Biggers John D.
Published: October 2006

Mouse embryos in the stage of development prior to implantation were cultured in vitro in a medium that contained radioactive bicarbonate. The radioactivity was incorporated into the proteins and nucleic acids that were acid soluble. Uptake of radioactivity occurred into protein in the unfertilized ovum and was highest in all fractions in the early blastocyst stage. No incorporation was detected in the lipid fraction.
Fit between Africa and Antarctica: A Continental Drift Reconstruction
Authors: Dietz Robert S. , Sproll Walter P.
Published: October 2006

A computerized (smallest average misfit) best fit position is obtained for the juxtaposition of Africa and Antarctica in a continental drift reconstruction. An S-shaped portion of the Weddell and Princess Martha Coast regions of western East Antarctica is fitted into a similar profile along southeastern Africa. The total amount of overlap is 36,300 square kilometers, and the underlap is 23,600 square kilometers; the total mismatch is thus of 59,900 square kilometers. The congruency along the 1000-fathom isobath is remarkably good and suggests that this reconstruction is valid within the overall framework of the Gondwana supercontinent.
Oncogenic Purine Derivatives: Evidence for a Possible Proximate Oncogen
Authors: Stöhrer Gerhard , Brown George Bosworth
Published: October 2006

Two additional urinary metabolites of the chemical oncogen 3-hydroxyxanthine are now identified as 8-chloroxanthine and 8-methylmercaptoxanthine. Such products are thought to be derived from a reactive intermediate which can be tentatively considered to be a proximate oncogen. Since each of these 8-substituted xanthines has also been obtained in vitro by reactions of 3-acetoxyxanthine with chloride ion or methionine, their production in vivo can be explained as resulting through the metabolic formation of an activated ester with a reactivity similar to that of the chemical model.
Alpha Radioactivity of the Lunar Surface at the Landing Sites of Surveyors 5,6, and 7
Authors: Turkevich Anthony L. , Patterson James H. , Franzgrote Ernest J. , Sowinski Kenneth P. , Economou Thanasis E.
Published: October 2006

Evidence has been obtained for a radioactive deposit on the lunar surface at Mare Tranquillitatis with a total intensity of 0.09 ± 0.03 alpha disintegration per second per square centimeter. The presence of polonium-210 in amounts that are close to equilibrium indicates a continuous turnover rate of lunar material at this site of less than 0.1 micrometer per year. The lack of such a deposit at two other lunar sites suggests lower local concentrations of uranium there.
Spontaneous Rhythmic Contraction of Separated Heart Muscle Cells
Authors: Bloom Sherman
Published: October 2006

Muscle cells that contract spontaneously and rhythmically can be obtained from adult mouse myocardium. Contractions are observed immediately after homogenization in a solution that is ionically similar to intracellular fluid. Contraction frequency varies directly with temperature and decreases as a function of time after homogenization. At 16°C rhythmic relaxation and contraction occur for about 20 minutes. Contractions are dependent on the presence of adenosine triphosphate in the homogenization medium.
Aurintricarboxylic Acid and Initiation Factors of Wheat Embryo
Authors: Marcus Abraham , Bewley J. Derek , Weeks Donald P.
Published: October 2006

In extracts of wheat embryo, aurintricarboxylic acid inhibits attachment of ribosomes to messenger RNA and has little effect on aminoacyl transfer to peptide. This specificity of inhibition allows (i) the demonstration that the initial phase of amino acid incorporation dependent on RNA of tobacco mosaic virus involves an "initiation" reaction between ribosome and messenger RNA which requires two soluble factors, (ii) an assay facilitating purification of the initiation factors, and (iii) the demonstration that these factors are distinct from aminoacyl transfer enzymes.
Physiological Effects of Transcendental Meditation
Authors: Wallace Robert Keith
Published: October 2006

Oxygen consumption, heart rate, skin resistance, and electroencephalograph measurements were recorded before, during, and after subjects practiced a technique called transcendental meditation. There were significant changes between the control period and the meditation period in all measurements. During meditation, oxygen consumption and heart rate decreased, skin resistance increased, and the electroencephalogram showed specific changes in certain frequencies. These results seem to distinguish the state produced by transcendental meditation from commonly encountered states of consciousness and suggest that it may have practical applications.
Mapping of DNA Instability at the Fragile X to a Trinucleotide Repeat Sequence P(CCG)
n
Authors: Kremer E. J. , Pritchard M. , Lynch M. , Yu S. , Holman K. , Baker E. , Warren S. T. , Schlessinger D. , Sutherland G. R. , Richards R. I.
Published: October 2006

The sequence of a Pst I restriction fragment was determined that demonstrate instability in fragile X syndrome pedigrees. The region of instability was localized to a trinucleotide repeat p(CCG)
n
. The sequences flanking this repeat were identical in normal and affected individuals. The breakpoints in two somatic cell hybrids constructed to break at the fragile site also mapped to this repeat sequence. The repeat exhibits instability both when cloned in a nonhomologous host and after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest variation in the trinucleotide repeat copy number as the molecular basis for the instability and possibly the fragile site. This would account for the observed properties of this region in vivo and in vitro.
Catch Property in Single Mammalian Motor Units
Authors: Burke R. E. , Rudomin P. , Zajac F. E.
Published: October 2006

The tension output of single motor units in the cat triceps surae muscle was studied during patterned stimulation of the innervating motoneurons. With repetitive stimulation within a rather narrow frequency range, the tension output of slow-twitch (type S) motor units may be quite sensitive to the pattern of stimulus intervals in the train. The presence of only one stimulus interval that is much shorter than the others in the train can cause marked, long-lasting tension enhancement, provided that the stimulus repetition rate in the basic train is within certain limits.
A Short-Latency Labyrinthine Input to the Vestibular Nuclei in the Pigeon
Authors: Wilson V. J. , Wylie R. M.
Published: October 2006

Electrical stimulation of the pigeon labyrinth evokes responses in many second-order vestibular neurons with a latency shorter than the monosynaptic delay. These early responses are probably due to electrically mediated synaptic transmission, or perhaps to antidromic invasion of cells supplying efferent fibers to the labyrinth. In either case the results demonstrate a difference between cat and pigeon with respect to connections between labyrinth and vestibular nuclei.
Hydroxyurea: Suppression of Two-Stage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin
Authors: Chan Po Chuen , Goldman Allan , Wynder Ernest L.
Published: October 2006

Hydroxyurea, a selective cytotoxic agent for cells in DNA synthesis, injected intraperitoneally at 24 and 48 hours after the first painting with 1 percent croton oil, significantly reduced the tumor yield in the two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin. A comparable group of mice receiving hydroxyurea only once at 24 hours had a tumor induction similar to that in controls.
Pepsinogens: Genetic Polymorphism in Man
Authors: Samloff I. Michael , Townes Philip L.
Published: October 2006

Population frequencies of the two patterns of pepsinogen excretion (with and without pepsinogen 5) and family studies indicate that pepsinogen 5 is controlled by a pair of genes, Pg
a
and Pg
b
, at a single autosomal locus and that Pg
a
is dominant.
Acetylcholine Sensitivity of Muscle Fiber Membranes: Mechanism of Regulation by Motoneurons
Authors: Fambrough Douglas M.
Published: October 2006

Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis prevent the development of acetylcholine supersensitivity in organ-cultured rat diaphragm muscle but do not affect established acetylcholine sensitivity. The restriction of this sensitivity in innervated muscle apparently involves neuronal restriction of gene activity in muscle fibers.
Identity of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Apoproteins of Plasma and Liver Golgi Apparatus
Authors: Mahley R. W. , Bersot T. P. , Lequire V. S. , Levy R. I. , Windmueller H. G. , Brown W. V.
Published: October 2006

In the rat, very low density lipoproteins isolated from hepatocyte Golgi apparatus, liver perfusates, and whole plasma appear identical in many respects. With specific immunochemical techniques and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis it can be demonstrated that the very low density lipoproteins from all three sources contain the same major lipoprotein apoproteins.
Singlet Molecular Oxygen from Superoxide Anion and Sensitized Fluorescence of Organic Molecules
Authors: Khan Ahsan U.
Published: October 2006

The superoxide anion, O
2
-, evolves singlet molecular oxygen in dimethylsulfoxide solution. Pronounced water quenching of superoxide-sensitized luminescence is indicative of the preferential generation of the
1
σ
g
+ state. Recent identification of O
2
- in the xanthine oxidase system suggests that the generation of singlet oxygen may also occur in enzymatic systems.
Lunar Gravity over Large Craters from Apollo 12 Tracking Data
Authors: Gottlieb P. , Muller P. M. , Sjogren W. L. , Wollenhaupt W. R.
Published: October 2006

The Doppler residuals from the Apollo 12 lunar module radio tracking data indicate large negative accelerations over the craters Ptolemaeus and Albategnius. The mass deficiencies required to produce these accelerations are approximately equivalent to the removal of the surface material to a depth of 1 kilometer over the entire area of these craters. Several other features of the gravity fine structure can also be correlated with topography.
Periphyton: Autoradiography of Zinc-65 Adsorption
Authors: Rose F. L. , Cushing C. E.
Published: October 2006

The major site of sorption of zinc-65 in natural, matlike periphyton is on the upper surface of the community. There is a diffusion gradient within the community. Expression of results from short-term spiking experiments should thus be presented on an areal rather than gravimetric basis.
Mutagenicity of Trimethylphosphate in Mice
Authors: Epstein Samuel S. , Bass Willa , Arnold Elsie , Bishop Yvonne
Published: October 2006

Subtoxic concentrations of trimethylphosphate, administered orally or parenterally to male mice, produced mutagenic effects, dependent on dosage, in the dominant lethal assay.
Layered Basic Complex in Oceanic Crust, Romanche Fracture, Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Melson William G. , Thompson Geoffrey
Published: October 2006

A layered, basic igneous intrusion, analogous in mineralogy and texture to certain large, continental layered complexes, is exposed in the Romanche Fracture, equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Crustal intrusion of large masses of basic magmas with their subsequent gravity differentiation is probably one of a number of major processes involved in the formation of new oceanic crust during sea-floor spreading.
Palmoxylon simperi
and
Palmoxylon pristina
: Two Pre-Cretaceous Angiosperms from Utah
Authors: Tidwell William D. , Rushforth Samuel R. , Reveal James L. , Behunin Homer
Published: October 2006

Petrified palm stems (
Palmoxylon simperi
and
Palmoxylon pristina
) from the Middle Jurassic Arapien Shale Formation near Redmond, Sevier County, Utah, are the first unequivocal angiosperms reported from pre-Cretaceous strata.
Megafauna and Man from Ayacucho, Highland Peru
Authors: MacNeish R. S. , Berger R. , Protscha Reiner
Published: October 2006

Crude unifacial tools, choppers, and a burin have been uncovered in association with megafauna in a buried stratum that was radiocarbon dated at 12,200 B.C. in a cave in highland Peru. The tool types, megafauna, and date are significant with regard to the problem of the antiquity of man and his culture in the New World.
Earth Tides, Global Heat Flow, and Tectonics
Authors: Shaw Herbert R.
Published: October 2006

The power of a heat engine ignited by tidal energy can account for geologically reasonable rates of average magma production and sea floor spreading. These rates control similarity of heat flux over continents and oceans because of an inverse relationship between respective depth intervals for mass transfer and consequent distributions of radiogenic heat production.
Solution Conformation of Valinomycin-Potassium Ion Complex
Authors: Ohnishi M. , Urry D. W.
Published: October 2006

The complete conformation of the valinomycin-potassium ion complex in methanol is presented. Extension from the reported secondary structure requires arguments and data relating to ester orientation, direction of coiling, side-chain orientation, and conformational stability. Conformation of the valinomycin-potassium ion complex provides a clear-cut example in which elucidation of conformation is sufficient to gain an understanding of molecular function which, in this case, is selective ion transport by a carrier mechanism.
Chloramphenicol: Effect on DNA Synthesis during Phage Development in Escherichia coli
Authors: Amati Paolo
Published: October 2006

Chloramphenicol added at various times during intracellular development of various bacteriophages causes a reduction in the rate of synthesis of phage DNA. The reduction is faster the smaller the size of the DNA molecule in the mature phage.
Aedes aegypti
: Origin of a "New" Chromosome from a Double Translocation Heterozygote
Authors: McDonald P. T. , Rai K. S.
Published: October 2006

An apparent enhancement of crossing-over occurs in the region common to two translocated chromosomes derived from two different reciprocal translocations in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. A "new" chromosome containing parts of all three linkage groups is created through crossing-over. In a reversible process, two haploid translocated sets in the double translocation heterozygote produce a new, normal chromosome set and vice versa in alternating generations.
Primary Structures of Human Pituitary Growth Hormone and Sheep Pituitary Lactogenic Hormone Compared
Authors: Bewley Thomas A. , Li Choh Hao
Published: October 2006

The primary structures of human pituitary growth hormone and sheep pituitary lactogenic hormone have been compared with regard to similarities in their sequence. Three homologous segments in each molecule, comprising approximately 45 percent of either peptide chain, have been found. These two proteins have apparently evolved from a common ancestor molecule.
Histocompatibility-2 (H-2) Polymorphism in Wild Mice
Authors: Klein Jan
Published: October 2006

Red blood cells of 40 wild mice captured at four different locations in the Ann Arbor area were typed for the presence of 15 different H-2 antigens by direct hemagglutination test. Fifteen different phenotypes were found and all were different from those determined by known
H-2
alleles of the laboratory mice. Great similarity between phenotypes of mice from the same location was observed. This is interpreted as further evidence for the deme structure of natural mouse population.
Intracranial Self-Stimulation and Wakefulness: Effect of Manipulating Ambient Brain Catecholamines
Authors: Roll Susan Kushner
Published: October 2006

Rats were given disulfiram, an inhibitor of norepinephrine biosynthesis, to see if norepinephrine is a transmitter for motivation in electrical stimulation of the brain. Animals given the drug paused in bar pressing, appearing asleep or sedated; if replaced on the bar, they always resumed pressing at normal rates. The decrease in bar pressing may result from a direct or indirect effect of the drug on wakefulness rather than on reward.
Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay of Protein Biosynthesis
Authors: Sox Harold C. , Mohit Behzad
Published: October 2006

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used for measuring the rate of radioisotope incorporation into a single protein species. Radioactive antigen was measured by its binding to specific antiserum covalently linked to insoluble bromoacetylcellulose. The insoluble antigen-antibody complex was collected on filters for counting. The assay is performed in about 4 hours as compared with several days for methods based on the precipitin reaction.
Tryptophan Operon: Structural Gene Mutation Creating a "Promoter" and Leading to 5-Methyltryptophan Dependence
Authors: Callahan Robert , Balbinder Elias
Published: October 2006

A strain carrying the mutation
trpA515
, which maps in the "unusual" region (between the genes
trpA
and
trpB
) of the tryptophan operon of Salmonella typhimurium is capable of utilizing anthranilic acid as a growth factor only in the presence of the analog 5-methyltryptophan, normally a potent growth inhibitor. The reason for this peculiar phenotype is the creation by
trpA515
of a transcription-initiating signal in the "unusual" region.
Mouse Lysozyme Production by a Monocytoma: Isolation and Comparison with Other Lysozymes
Authors: Riblet Roy J. , Herzenberg Leonard A.
Published: October 2006

A transplantable mouse tumor, GPC-11, produces large amounts of lysozyme. The tumor is a reticulum cell sarcoma, type A, and is a neoplasm of monocytes. The lysozyme was purified from mouse urine in quantities sufficient for structural analysis. Comparison of mouse lysozyme with lysozymes from; chicken egg white and patients with monocytic leukemia reveals similarities in size and electrophoretic mobility and, with human lysozyme, in functional properties; but considerable differences are found in antigenic characteristics and amino acid composition.
Regulation of a Segmentation Stripe by Overlapping Activators and Repressors in the
Drosophila
Embryo
Authors: Stanojevic Dusan , Small Stephen , Levine Michael
Published: October 2006

Gene expression stripes in
Drosophila melanogaster
embryos provide a model for how eukaryotic promoters are turned on and off in response to combinations of transcriptional regulators. Genetic studies suggested that
even-skipped
(
eve
) stripe 2 is controlled by three gap genes,
hunchback
(
hb
),
Kruppel
(
Kr
), and
giant
(
gt
), and by the maternal morphogen
bicoid
(
bcd
). A direct link is established between binding sites for these regulatory proteins in the stripe 2 promoter element and the expression of the stripe during early embryogenesis. The
bcd
and
hb
protein binding sites mediate activation, whereas neighboring
gt
and
Kr
protein sites repress expression and establish the stripe borders. The stripe 2 element has the properties of a genetic on-off switch.
Predicting Response to Endocrine Therapy in Human Breast Cancer: A Hypothesis
Authors: Horowitz Kathryn B. , McGuire William L. , Pearson Olof H. , Segaloff Albert
Published: October 2006

We hypothesize that the presence of progesterone receptors in human breast tumors may be a sensitive marker for predicting response to endocrine therapy. Progesterone receptors were found in 56 percent of tumors with estrogen receptors, but were absent in tumors without estrogen receptors. Preliminary clinical correlations show that only those breast tumors with progesterone receptors regressed after endocrine therapy.
Antimycoplasmal Antibiotics and Hybrid Sterility in
Drosophila paulistorum
Authors: Kernaghan R. P. , Ehrman Lee
Published: October 2006

Male hybrids between the Santa Marta and Mesitas strains of
Drosophila paulistorum
are sterile. The sterility can be partially alleviated by treatment of the Santa Marta mothers with the antimycoplasmal antibiotics tylosin tartrate and tetracycline hydrochloride. The proportions of hybrid males in which there are mature motile spermatozoa are higher in the progenies of drug-treated mothers than in the controls. Electron microscopy reveals mycoplasma-like bodies in the untreated controls, but not in the sons of the treated females. The mycoplasma-like symbionts appear to be implicated in the production of the sterility in the hybrid males.
Pleistocene Climates in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: A Reevaluated Comparison Based on Deep-Sea Sediments
Authors: Morin Ronald W. , Theyer Fritz , Vincent Edith
Published: October 2006

Variations of the
Globorotalia menardii
complex in cores from the Indian Ocean can be interpreted as indicating climatic changes that are opposite to trends exhibited by the total planktonic fauna. The questionable value of correlations between different water masses based on a single species can be shown by
Neogloboquadrina dutertrei subcretacea
in cores obtained off the coast of California and Baja California. This information, in addition to previous correlations between Quaternary cores of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, indicates that the Pleistocene history of the two oceans was parallel.
Induced Photolysis of DDT
Authors: Miller L. L. , Narang R. S.
Published: October 2006

Photolysis of mixtures of certain alkyl halides and aromatic amines produces dehalogenation of the halide. These reactions involve a photoinduced charge transfer from the amine to the halide. Photolysis of tritolylamine and carbon tetrachloride produces tritolylaminium chloride. Photolysis of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and diethylaniline at 3100 angstroms yields 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD),
p
,
p
′-dichlorobenzophenone (DDCO), and hydrogen chloride. Photolysis of DDT does not occur unless an inducer which has a low ionization potential, such as diethylaniline, is present. The DDT-diethylaniline mixture is stable in the dark, and the induced photolysis is not affected by triplet quenchers.
Interanimal "Memory" Transfer: Results from Brain and Liver Homogenates
Authors: Frank Bonnie , Stein Donald G. , Rosen Jeffrey
Published: October 2006

Sixty mice received either shock or no shock in a shuttle box, or nonspecific stress in another apparatus. Brain and liver homogenates from these animals were then injected into 120 naive recipients, who were all tested in the shuttle box. Subjects receiving brain or liver from shocked or stressed donors had significantly higher latencies than control counterparts. These results are interpreted in terms of stress, rather than a memory transfer hypothesis.
Lead Aerosols in the Atmosphere: Increasing Concentrations
Authors: Chow Tsaihwa J. , Earl John L.
Published: October 2006

The concentrations of atmospheric lead around San Diego, California, have been determined and their geographic and seasonal variations are explained. The lead aerosol concentration at San Diego is increasing at a rate of 5 percent per year. The isotopic composition of lead aerosols is similar to that of the lead additives isolated from gasoline, which are the largest contributors to atmospheric lead pollution.
Polymorphism in Benzene, Naphthalene, and Anthracene at High Pressure
Authors: Block S. , Weir C. E. , Piermarini G. J.
Published: October 2006

Optical observations, in which a microscope was used with the diamond-anvil pressure cell, were carried out on benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene up to temperatures of about 600°C and pressures of approximately 40 kilobars. New high-pressure phases of benzene (benzene III) and anthracene (anthracene II) were observed, and the existence of the high-pressure polymorph, naphthalene II, was verified. All three materials decompose initially to a reddish-orange liquid, and ultimately to amorphous carbon. The decomposition temperatures decrease with increasing molecular size.
The Structure of Ordinary Water
Authors: Frank Henry S.
Published: October 2006

The train of thought pursued in this article has led to the conclusion that the structure of cold water seems likely to consist, for the most part, of hydrogen-bonded, four-coordinated, framework regions, with interstitial monomers occupying some fraction of the cavities the framework encloses. The precise geometry of the framework has not been specified, but some evidence suggests that it is rather regular at low temperatures and becomes more random as the water gets warmer. These conclusions, meager as they are in comparison with what we shall eventually need to know about water, are still "subject to change without notice." Such a change would, for instance, be made necessary by the discrediting either of the data or of the interpretations on which the model is based. The discovery of new facts, or of new meanings in old facts, which were clearly in conflict with the model, would also make it necessary to modify, if not to abandon, it. Even this would be progress, however, for it would be another product of the method of drawing upon data from diverse sources and would be a further step toward the progressively more comprehensive model to which this method will lead and the progressively greater confidence we will be able to place in our conclusions.
A Search for the 1
10
← 1
11
Transition of Interstellar Thioformaldehyde
Authors: Evans N. J. , Townes C. H. , Weaver H. F. , Williams D. R. W.
Published: October 2006

A search has been made for the 1
10
← 1
11
transition of thioformaldehyde in interstellar clouds where formaldehyde is known to exist. Failure to detect this transition indicates that the ratio of thioformaldehyde abundance to that of formaldehyde is probably less than the abundance ratio of sulfur to oxygen.
Circadian Rhythms in Human Heart Homograft
Authors: Kraft Irvin A. , Alexander Steven , Foster Delbert , Leachman Robert D. , Lipscomb Harry S.
Published: October 2006

The electrocardiogram and cardiotachogram of a patient with a human heart transplant has been recorded for 72 hours. Within the donor P-QRS-T complex, one can identify the P waves emanating from residual sinoatrial heart tissue of the recipient. The recipient P waves are independent of the donor complexes. A clear circadian rhythm (23.4 hours) in heart rate is maintained for both donor and recipient tissue, the donor complexes preceding by a phase shift of 135 minutes the complexes of the recipient heart tissue. Both tissues display clear morning and evening minimum and maximum rates paralleling activity and lighting cycles.
Cell-Mediated Immunity Shown by Lymphocytes from the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Henney Christopher S. , Waldman Robert H.
Published: October 2006

Cell-mediated immunity, as evidenced by inhibition of macrophage migration in the presence of antigen, was associated with lymphocytes obtained from the respiratory tract of guinea pigs immunized by dinitrophenylated human immunoglobulin G in nose drops, but not from those immunized parenterally. However, splenic lymphocytes from parenterally immunized animals inhibited macrophage migration while those from locally immunized animals did not.
Lunar Spectral Reflectivity (0.30 to 2.50 Microns) and Implications for Remote Mineralogical Analysis
Authors: McCord Thomas B. , Johnson Torrence V.
Published: October 2006

The spectral reflectivity (0.30 to 2.50 microns) of several lunar areas was measured with ground-based telescopes. A narrow absorption band centered at 0.95 micron was revealed for the first time. No other absorption bands appear in the spectrum. The reflectivity continues to rise at longer wavelengths throughout the spectral region studied. A comparison of the telescope measurements of an area 15 kilometers in diameter that includes Tranquillity Base with laboratory measurements of Apollo 11 soil samples reveals remarkable agreement, an indication that properties determined for fairly large lunar areas are relevant to local conditions. The spectra are interpretable in terms of surface mineralogy. The absorption band varies in both depth and shape and the overall slope of the curve changes with lunar area, an indication of differences in the composition and opacity of surface material. However, the lack of variety in the band position suggests there are no major differences (say, from mostly pyroxenes to mostly olivines) in the mineralogy at those sites studied.
Hematite: Intrinsic and Defect Ferromagnetism
Authors: Dunlop D. J.
Published: October 2006

Both intrinsic (spin-canted) ferromagnetism and defect ferromagnetism occur in hematite. Because defect ferromagnetism is sensitive to structure, it is altered by stress or heating and could give spurious paleomagnetic information. Annealing experiments now suggest that the defect remanence of fine-grain hematites and red sediments, unlike that of single crystals, is magnetically softer than the spin-canted remanence and can be erased by partial demagnetization.
Composition Differences at Surfaces Detected by Adsorption and Desorption of Radiotracers
Authors: Brandreth Dale A. , Johnson Rulon E.
Published: October 2006

A novel method for the detection of composition differences on solid surfaces is based on differences in the adsorption and subsequent partial desorption of a radiotracer by heterogeneities of the surface.
Thyroid Hormone Control of Erythrocyte 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric Acid Concentrations
Authors: Snyder L. Michael , Reddy William J.
Published: October 2006

A biphasic thyroid hormonal effect has been shown on 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid synthesis in a crude enzyme, hemoglobin-free preparation from normal human erythrocytes.
The Fundamental Nuclear Interaction
Authors: Green Alex E. S.
Published: October 2006

GOPEB based upon known mesons have been found which realistically describe a massive accumulation of the experimental nuclear data up to 400 Mev. The N-N potential according to these models consists primarily of weak residual central terms surviving the cancellation of large repulsive and attractive vector and scalar static components; relativistic interactions arising from the exchange of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar mesons and dipole type terms arising from the ρ meson. The major dynamic terms are direct analogs of magnetic interactions illustrated in Fig. 1. Allowance must be made for the effective dependence of the coupling constants upon spin and isospin states. The nucleons are distributed sources which give rise to nonsingular generalized Yukawa functions in N-N potentials.
Sea-Floor Spreading, Carbonate Dissolution Level, and the Nature of Horizon A
Authors: Gartner Stefan
Published: October 2006

Evidence from leg 2 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project suggests a constant spreading rate for the floor of the North Atlantic over the past 80 million years; a major lowering of the carbonate dissolution level during the early Pliocene; and an early to middle Eocene age for horizon A.
Nuclear Sexing in a Population of Congolese Metropolitan Newborns
Authors: van den Berghe Herman
Published: October 2006

In a study of 5631 Congolese newborn children, the incidence of numerical X-chromosomal anomalies was the same as was previously reported in Europe and in North America.
Susceptibility to an Avian Leukosis-Sarcoma Virus: Close Association with an Erythrocyte Isoantigen
Authors: Crittenden L. B. , Briles W. E. , Stone H. A.
Published: October 2006

A dominant gene for susceptibility to early steps of cellular infection by subgroup B avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses is associated with the presence of an erythrocyte isoantigen. This gene may control both an isoantigen and a cell membrane receptor for an oncogenic virus.
Pagophagia in the Albino Rat
Authors: Woods Stephen C. , Weisinger Richard S.
Published: October 2006

Pagophagia, or ice-eating, is a common symptom of iron-deficiency anemia in humans. Rats made anemic by withdrawal of blood consume a significantly greater proportion of their daily water in the form of ice than nonanemic controls. Recovery from the anemia eliminates the pagophagia.
Evidence that β-Amyloid Protein in Alzheimer's Disease Is Not Derived by Normal Processing
Authors: Sisodia S. S. , Koo E. H. , Beyreuther K. , Unterbeck A. , Price D. L.
Published: October 2006

The β-amyloid protein (β/A4), derived from a larger amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the principal component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. APP is an integral membrane glycoprotein and is secreted as a carboxyl-terminal truncated molecule. APP cleavage, which is a membrane-associated event, occurred at a site located within the β/A4 region. This suggests that an intact amyloidogenic β/A4 fragment is not generated during normal APP catabolism. Therefore, an early event in amyloid formation may involve altered APP processing that results in the release and subsequent deposition of intact β/A4.
Mass Spectrometry and Its Use in Tandem with Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Grant E. R. , Cooks R. G.
Published: October 2006

Mass spectrometry is undergoing rapid development, especially with the extension of its range into the hundreds of kilodaltons, the emergence of the quadrupole ion trap as a high-performance instrument, and the development of techniques for recording three-dimensional spectra. These advances are summarized in this review; in addition, the power of the combination of lasers and mass spectrometers is given particular emphasis. Their combination has contributed recently to chemical dynamics, to the study of cluster structure and reactivity, and to the elucidation of the properties of highly excited molecules and ions.
Symbiosis between
Euglena
and Damselfly Nymphs Is Seasonal
Authors: Willey Ruth L. , Bowen William R. , Durban Elisa
Published: October 2006

An endosymbiotic association has been demonstrated between
Euglena
and nymphs of three species of damselfly. The hindgut of the nymphs is inhabited by the euglenoid only during the winter. Symbiotic associations involving green euglenoids and insects are virtually unknown.
Genetic Inactivation of the α-Galactosidase Locus in Carriers of Fabry's Disease
Authors: Romeo Giovanni , Migeon Barbara Ruben
Published: October 2006

Skin fibroblasts from a patient with Fabry's disease showed deficient activity of α-galactosidase. Fibroblasts from his mother and sister had two distinct clonal populations, one with enzymatic activity and the other enzyme deficient. This provides evidence of genetic inactivation at the α-galactosidase locus and makes possible the detection of carriers of Fabry's disease even when the enzymatic activity in their leukocytes and uncloned fibroblasts is within the range of controls.
Apospory in
Sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench
Authors: Hanna W. W. , Schertz K. F. , Bashaw E. C.
Published: October 2006

A line of
Sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench was discovered to reproduce by apospory, a type of apomixis. The formation of an embryo by a nucellar cell without fertilization was established by cytological observations of ovaries and by progeny tests.
Brain Enhancement in Tadpoles: Increased DNA Concentration after Somatotrophin or Prolactin
Authors: Hunt R. K. , Jacobson Marcus
Published: October 2006

Frog tadpoles, injected with prolactin or somatotrophin during early stages when the brain cell population is rapidly increasing, exhibited marked increases over sham-injected controls in body weight, brain weight, and brain DNA, throughout subsequent development. Animals treated with somatotrophin attained the increase in brain DNA during the infection period. Prolactin had little effect during this period, but brain DNA accumulation continued at an accelerated rate over the next 15 days, when the rate of DNA increment normally declined. Patterns of incorporation of tritiated thymidine confirmed that both hormones increased DNA accumulation, suggesting increased cell proliferation rather than decreased cell death.
Antibody to Nuclear Material Eluted from Isolated Spleen Vessels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Svec Kathryn H. , Allen Susan T.
Published: October 2006

Splenic blood vessels were isolated from surrounding cells by treatment with trypsin and the use of ultrasound. This procedure retained vascular-bound immunoglobulins which were recovered by acid elution of vessels isolated from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. These eluted immunoglobulins reacted with material from cell nuclei as demonstrated by immunofluorescence.
Seismic Data from Man-Made Impacts on the Moon
Authors: Latham G. , Ewing M. , Dorman J. , Press F. , Toksoz N. , Sutton G. , Meissner Rolf , Duennebier F. , Nakamura Y. , Kovach R. , Yates M.
Published: October 2006

Unusually long reverberations were recorded from two lunar impacts by a seismic station installed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 12 astronauts. Seismic data from these impacts suggest that the lunar mare in the region of the Apollo 12 landing site consists of material with very low seismic velocities near the surface, with velocity increasing with depth to 5 to 6 kilometers per second (for compressional waves) at a depth of 20 kilometers. Absorption of seismic waves in this structure is extremely low relative to typical continental crustal materials on earth. It is unlikely that a major boundary similar to the crust-mantle interface on earth exists in the outer 20 kilometers of the moon. A combination of dispersion and scattering of surface waves probably explains the lunar seismic reverberation. Scattering of these waves implies the presence of heterogeneity within the outer zone of the mare on a scale of from several hundred meters (or less) to several kilometers. Seismic signals from 160 events of natural origin have been recorded during the first 7 months of operation of the Apollo 12 seismic station. At least 26 of the natural events are small moonquakes. Many of the natural events are thought to be meteoroid impacts.
Thermochemical Remanent Magnetization and Thermal Remanent Magnetization: Comparison in a Basalt
Authors: Kellogg Karl , Larson E. E. , Watson D. E.
Published: October 2006

Recent studies have shown that the remanent magnetization carried by an extrusive igneous rock may not be entirely thermal remanent magnetization (TRM). Some may be thermochemical remanent magnetization (TCRM) acquired by the rock at temperatures at least as low as 300°C during oxidation of the contained titanomagnetite grains. Results from a study of a set of basaltic samples from one locality indicate that the intensity of TCRM acquired by a sample in a known magnetic field is equal to that of TRM subsequently produced in the same sample in the same field. On the assumption that the samples we studied are not magnetically unique, we tentatively conclude that paleointensity studies are valid in spite of the presence of TCRM, as long as the rock acquired the magnetization during the initial cooling.
Tuberculin-Active Carbohydrate That Induces Inhibition of Macrophage Migration but not Lymphocyte Transformation
Authors: Chaparas Sotiros D. , Thor Daniel E. , Godfrey H. P. , Baer Harold , Hedrick Sally R.
Published: October 2006

A tuberculin carbohydrate fraction, GAE, in sensitized animals induced a delayed type of skin reactivity and inhibited the migration of macrophages but failed to stimulate lymphocyte transformation in vitro. Tuberculin protein-containing fractions were active in each test. These results show that in vitro lymphocyte transformation is not necessarily a corollary of delayed type hypersensitivity.
Crystal Structure of Serotonin Picrate, a Donor-Acceptor Complex
Authors: Bugg Charles E. , Thewalt Ulf
Published: October 2006

The crystal structure of the red picric acid salt of serotonin was determined by x-ray diffraction methods. The structure consists of parallel hydroxyindole and picrate planes which are intimately stacked with an interplanar separation of 3.3 to 3.4 angstroms. The stacking interaction appears to be of the donor-acceptor (charge-transfer) type, involving specific contacts between picrate nitro groups and atoms of the hydroxyindole moieties. Similar interactions might mediate biological processes involving serotonin.
Circulating Immunoglobulin M: Increased Concentrations in Endemic and Sporadic Goiter
Authors: Werner Sidney C. , Bora Sunder , Koutras Demetrios A. , Wahlberg Peter
Published: October 2006

Increased concentrations of immunoglobulin M have been found in the circulation of approximately half of patients with either endemic or sporadic nontoxic goiter. Blood was obtained from patients in several iodine-deficient goitrous areas; the patients with sporadic goiter resided in or about New York City. Concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and D were normal. Blood for control purposes was taken from patients residing in cities near the goiter areas where there was no iodine deficiency, and in New York City. Most of these samples came from hospitalized patients without known thyroid disease and were collected at random. Chi-square values for the difference between the number of goitrous patients with elevated concentrations of immunoglobulin M and those in the control patients were highly significant statistically.
Bare Zone between California Shrub and Grassland Communities: The Role of Animals
Authors: Bartholomew Bruce
Published: October 2006

Between shrub and grass communities in coastal California there is a zone that is normally bare of vegetation. Previous studies have emphasized the role of volatile inhibitors of plant growth in producing this bare zone. However, there is a concentration of feeding activity by rodents, rabbits, and birds in this zone; if this activity is prevented by means of wire-mesh exclosures, annuals grow in the bare zone. Thus, animal activity is sufficient to produce the bare zone.
Similarity and Limited Multiplicity of Membrane Proteins from Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Hinman Norman D. , Phillips Alvah H.
Published: October 2006

During electrophoresis on acrylamide gel 30 to 45 percent of the protein of hepatic microsomal membranes migrates as a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 52,000. Rough and smooth microsomal membranes exhibit essentially identical electrophoretic patterns. Different findings by previous workers may be the result of contamination of the membranes by adsorbed and entrapped nonmembrane protein.