bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study
Authors: Goldberg Ronald B. , Orchard Trevor J. , Crandall Jill P. , Boyko Edward J. , Budoff Matthew , Dabelea Dana , Gadde Kishore M. , Knowler William C. , Lee Christine G. , Nathan David M. , Watson Karol , Temprosa Marinella ,   on behalf of the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group*
Published: May 2022

Background:

Lifestyle intervention and metformin have been shown to prevent diabetes; however, their efficacy in preventing cardiovascular disease associated with the development of diabetes is unclear. We examined whether these interventions reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events over a 21-year median follow-up of participants in the DPP trial (Diabetes Prevention Program) and DPPOS (Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study).

Methods:

During DPP, 3234 participants with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to metformin 850 mg twice daily, intensive lifestyle or placebo, and followed for 3 years. During the next 18-year average follow-up in DPPOS, all participants were offered a less intensive group lifestyle intervention, and unmasked metformin was continued in the metformin group. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death adjudicated by standard criteria. An extended cardiovascular outcome included the primary outcome or hospitalization for heart failure or unstable angina, coronary or peripheral revascularization, coronary heart disease diagnosed by angiography, or silent myocardial infarction by ECG. ECGs and cardiovascular risk factors were measured annually.

Results:

Neither metformin nor lifestyle intervention reduced the primary outcome: metformin versus placebo hazard ratio 1.03 (95% CI, 0.78–1.37;
P
= 0.81) and lifestyle versus placebo hazard ratio 1.14 (95% CI, 0.87–1.50;
P
= 0.34). Risk factor adjustment did not change these results. No effect of either intervention was seen on the extended cardiovascular outcome.

Conclusions:

Neither metformin nor lifestyle reduced major cardiovascular events in DPPOS over 21 years despite long-term prevention of diabetes. Provision of group lifestyle intervention to all, extensive out-of-study use of statin and antihypertensive agents, and reduction in the use of study metformin together with out-of-study metformin use over time may have diluted the effects of the interventions.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: DPP (NCT00004992) and DPPOS (NCT00038727).
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy Family Members With a Pathogenic
NOTCH3
Variant Can Have a Normal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Skin Biopsy Beyond Age 50 Years
Authors: Hack Remco J. , Gravesteijn Gido , Cerfontaine Minne N. , Hegeman Ingrid M. , Mulder Aat A. , Lesnik Oberstein Saskia A.J. , Rutten Julie W.
Published: May 2022

Background:

To determine whether extremely mild small vessel disease (SVD) phenotypes can occur in
NOTCH3
variant carriers from Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) pedigrees using clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, and skin biopsy findings.

Methods:

Individuals from CADASIL pedigrees fulfilling criteria for extremely mild
NOTCH3
-associated SVD (mSVD

NOTCH3

) were selected from the cross-sectional Dutch CADASIL cohort (n=200), enrolled between 2017 and 2020. Brain magnetic resonance imaging were quantitatively assessed for SVD imaging markers. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy was used to quantitatively assess and compare NOTCH3 ectodomain (NOTCH3
ECD
) aggregation and granular osmiophilic material deposits in the skin vasculature of mSVD

NOTCH3

cases and symptomatic CADASIL patients.

Results:

Seven cases were identified that fulfilled the mSVD

NOTCH3

criteria, with a mean age of 56.6 years (range, 50–72). All of these individuals harbored a
NOTCH3
variant located in one of EGFr domains 7-34 and had a normal brain magnetic resonance imaging, except the oldest individual, aged 72, who had beginning confluence of WMH (Fazekas score 2) and 1 cerebral microbleed. mSVD

NOTCH3

cases had very low levels of NOTCH3
ECD
aggregation in skin vasculature, which was significantly less than in symptomatic EGFr 7-34 CADASIL patients (
P
=0.01). Six mSVD

NOTCH3

cases had absence of granular osmiophilic material deposits.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate that extremely mild SVD phenotypes can occur in individuals from CADASIL pedigrees harboring
NOTCH3
EGFr 7-34 variants with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging up to age 58 years. Our study has important implications for CADASIL diagnosis, disease prediction, and the counseling of individuals from EGFr 7-34 CADASIL pedigrees.
How Possessing, Lovesick and Avenging Jinns are Exorcised in Contemporary Sweden
Authors: Marlow Michael
Published: May 2022

This article investigates the practice of ruqya (Islamic exorcism) in Europe. First, the basic presuppositions of ruqya – the clientele, the jinns, and why they might possess humans – are explained. This is followed by an in-depth example of how ruqya is currently conducted in Sweden and a general model outlining nine stages is suggested for analysing ruqya. Finally, the article considers whether the practice of ruqya in Europe differs from the way it is practised in Muslim countries. Ruqya in Europe seems to include less physical violence, and it is implicitly used to counter Muslim assimilation and uphold orthodox Islamic values.
Industrial legislation in Australia in 2021
Authors: McCrystal Shae , Tracey Daniel
Published: May 2022

By contrast with the flurry of legislative activity that accompanied the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the 2021 calendar year was a comparatively quiet one both in the Commonwealth and the States. Significant developments at the Commonwealth level included amendments to the FW Act to provide a definition of ‘casual’ employment; a ‘class exemption’ for small business collective bargaining and amendments to the laws around sexual harassment at work that were implemented in the wake of the National Inquiry into Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces. At State level, NSW implemented further changes to various laws in order to further cushion the impact of the pandemic on working people, and the NSW Modern Slavery legislation finally took effect, 3 years after it was first passed by NSW Parliament. In Victoria, enforcement provisions for unpaid entitlements were enhanced, and the new Wage Theft Act 2020 came into force.
Teacher motivation in Chile: Motivational profiles and teaching quality in an incentive-based education system
Authors: Órdenes Miguel , Treviño Ernesto , Escribano Rosario , Carrasco Diego
Published: May 2022

This study drew on Chilean teacher survey responses from TALIS 2018 data on teacher motivation in order to examine the extent to which these data reveal different motivational profiles among Chilean teachers. Also, it explores the influence of those profiles on quality teachers’ instruction. As a conceptual scaffold, this article uses Agency Theory and Public Service Motivation theory to conceptualize and explore the data. Using latent classes analysis, multivariate regressions with survey methods, results showed three different motivational profiles: utility-laden, modal, and socially-laden. From these profiles, modal teachers seem to produce better teaching quality compared with the others profiles. These results suggest that the teachers’ profiles are more diverse when it comes to work motivation and teaching quality than what it is described in the literature. These findings give interesting insights for policymakers and school leaders to better understand the teaching workforce and think in diverse governance and teacher management tools. It also opens a set of interesting questions about how to motivate the teacher workforce in Chile.
A xiphisternal ulcer effectively treated with xiphoidectomy
Authors: Kiriyama Ryota , Oyamatsu Hironori , Okagawa Takehiko , Niimi Seijiro
Published: May 2022

Xiphoid syndrome is a rare musculoskeletal disorder of the xiphoid process. The main symptom is precordial pain or xiphodynia. We experienced a case in which protrusion of the xiphoid process impaired blood flow to the skin, resulting in the formation of an ulcer and exposure of the xiphoid process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a xiphisternal ulcer secondary to a protruding xiphoid process. The patient was safely and effectively treated via xiphoidectomy using a T-saw.
The Philippines’ snapshot situation of pregnancy-related and child feeding practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Goyena Eva A , Maniego Ma Lynell V
Published: May 2022

Background: Maternal, infant and young child health and nutrition are affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to present the snapshot situation of maternal health practices of pregnant women including infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices of children under two during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A rapid nutrition assessment survey (RNAS) was conducted through phone interview in nine selected areas from November 3 to December 3, 2020. A multi-stage sampling design was employed in the selection of areas with low, medium, and high risk categories across the islands of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao in the Philippines. A total of 792 mother-child pairs, and 148 pregnant women were covered. Results: Majority (84.5%) of pregnant women availed pre-natal check-ups, 82.4% of them had micronutrient supplements, of which 20.5% took IFA tablets. Almost 60.0% of children under two were currently breastfed during the pandemic, with 60.8% of infants less than 6 months receiving breastmilk exclusively. Appropriate complementary feeding practices based on this study were not drastically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, access to pregnancy-related information, along with breastfeeding and complementary feeding messages and advice were disrupted during the community lockdown. Conclusion: Although maternal and child feeding practices were unchanged, innovative delivery of community health and nutrition services such as tele-visits by midwives, and community health workers are some of the ways to move forward in improving the health and nutrition of women and children in the wake of the pandemic and during subsequent waves.
The 7A Framework: Extending the 4A Framework Based on Exchanges in Subsistence Marketplaces in India and Vietnam
Authors: Sarker Tapan , Dey Subhendu , Maity Moutusy , Arli Denni , Nguyen Giang
Published: May 2022

Researchers in the marketing domain have investigated some key drivers of market development in subsistence marketplaces in emerging economies. This article contributes to the literature by proposing a 7A framework that identifies an enhanced set of drivers of market development in subsistence marketplaces in emerging markets (EMs) (by extending the 4A framework). Using qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with farmers (i.e., micro-entrepreneurs) in subsistence marketplaces from two EMs (countries: India, Vietnam), the study findings provide evidence of the 7A's as facilitators and/or inhibitors of market development in such markets. This article draws attention to the growing importance of the selling processes and strategies used by farmers in such markets for maintaining relationships with customers and investigates the benefits and challenges of selling at farmers’ markets that contribute to developing the 7A framework. The study uniquely contributes to the base of pyramid (BoP) literature in emerging markets, which could be of interest to future researchers examining the effectiveness of the 7A marketing framework on micro-entrepreneurs. The study findings offer important insights into policy and practice by uncovering new dimensions of market development for micro-entrepreneurs in emerging markets.
Classification of Driver Cognitive Load: Exploring the Benefits of Fusing Eye-Tracking and Physiological Measures
Authors: He Dengbo , Wang Ziquan , Khalil Elias B. , Donmez Birsen , Qiao Guangkai , Kumar Shekhar
Published: May 2022

In-vehicle infotainment systems can increase cognitive load and impair driving performance. These effects can be alleviated through interfaces that can assess cognitive load and adapt accordingly. Eye-tracking and physiological measures that are sensitive to cognitive load, such as pupil diameter, gaze dispersion, heart rate (HR), and galvanic skin response (GSR), can enable cognitive load estimation. The advancement in cost-effective and nonintrusive sensors in wearable devices provides an opportunity to enhance driver state detection by fusing eye-tracking and physiological measures. As a preliminary investigation of the added benefits of utilizing physiological data along with eye-tracking data in driver cognitive load detection, this paper explores the performance of several machine learning models in classifying three levels of cognitive load imposed on 33 drivers in a driving simulator study: no external load, lower difficulty 1-back task, and higher difficulty 2-back task. We built five machine learning models, including k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, feedforward neural network, recurrent neural network, and random forest (RF) on (1) eye-tracking data only, (2) HR and GSR, (3) eye-tracking and HR, (4) eye-tracking and GSR, and (5) eye-tracking, HR, and GSR. Although physiological data provided 1%–15% lower classification accuracies compared with eye-tracking data, adding physiological data to eye-tracking data increased model accuracies, with an RF classifier achieving 97.8% accuracy. GSR led to a larger boost in accuracy (29.3%) over HR (17.9%), with the combination of the two factors boosting accuracy by 34.5%. Overall, utilizing both physiological and eye-tracking measures shows promise for driver state detection applications.
The Control of Anteromedial Rotatory Instability Is Improved With Combined Flat sMCL and Anteromedial Reconstruction
Authors: Behrendt Peter , Herbst Elmar , Robinson James R. , von Negenborn Leslie , Raschke Michael J. , Wermers Jens , Glasbrenner Johannes , Fink Christian , Herbort Mirco , Kittl Christoph
Published: May 2022

Background:

Both the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) and the deep MCL (dMCL) contribute to the restraint of anteromedial (AM) rotatory instability (AMRI). Previous studies have not investigated how MCL reconstructions control AMRI.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to establish the optimal medial reconstruction for restoring normal knee kinematics in an sMCL- and dMCL-deficient knee. It was hypothesized that AMRI would be better controlled with the addition of an anatomically shaped (flat) sMCL reconstruction and with the addition of an AM reconstruction replicating the function of the dMCL.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A 6 degrees of freedom robotic system equipped with a force-torque sensor was used to test 8 unpaired knees in the intact, sMCL/dMCL sectioned, and reconstructed states. Four different reconstructions were assessed. The sMCL was reconstructed with either a single-bundle (SB) or a flattened hamstring graft aimed at better replicating the appearance of the native ligament. These reconstructions were tested with and without an additional AM reconstruction. Simulated laxity tests were performed at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion: 10 N·m valgus rotation, 5 N·m internal and external rotation (ER), and an AM drawer test (combined 134-N anterior tibial drawer in 5 N·m ER). The primary outcome measures of this force-controlled setup were anterior tibial translation (ATT; in mm) and axial tibial rotation (in degrees).

Results:

Sectioning the sMCL/dMCL increased valgus rotation, ER, and ATT with the simulated AM draw test at all flexion angles. SB sMCL reconstruction was unable to restore ATT, valgus rotation, and ER at 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion to the intact state ( P < .05). Flat MCL reconstruction restored valgus rotation at all flexion angles to the intact state ( P > .05). ER was restored at all angles except at 90°, but ATT laxity in response to the AM drawer persisted. Addition of an AM reconstruction improved control of ATT relative to the intact state at all flexion angles ( P > .05). Combined flat MCL and AM reconstruction restored knee kinematics closest to the intact state.

Conclusion:

In a cadaveric model, AMRI resulting from an injured sMCL and dMCL complex could not be restored by an isolated SB sMCL reconstruction. A flat MCL reconstruction or an additional AM procedure, however, better restored medial knee stability.

Clinical Relevance:

In patients evaluated with a combined valgus and AM rotatory instability, a flat sMCL and an additional AM reconstruction may be superior to an isolated SB sMCL reconstruction.
Rates of Return to Manual Labor After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P. , Dunn John C. , Rosner Rachel S. , Parnes Nata
Published: May 2022

Background:

Rotator cuff tears represent a significant cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in the United States. The development of these injuries is associated with older patient age and higher levels of physical activity; however, data regarding the rate of return to work after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients older than 50 years of age who have physically strenuous jobs is inconclusive.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to report short term outcomes and return to work rates after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a cohort of patients aged 50 to 60 years working in manual labor jobs. It was hypothesized that arthroscopic rotator cuff repair would result in good functional outcomes for these patients and allow for return to work rates in excess of 80%.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Preoperative and final evaluations including the pain visual analog scale (VAS), the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score were collected. A total of 73 patients were screened for inclusion. Nineteen patients were outside of the inclusion age range, 2 underwent exclusionary concomitant procedures, and 4 patients were lost to follow up, leaving a total of 48 patients with a mean follow up of 34.02 months (range, 24-67 months) available for analysis. None of the patients were involved in a workers’ compensation claim. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine if arm dominance or tear size affected surgical outcomes or return to work rates.

Results:

After arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, 43 of 48 patients (89.6%) were able to return to manual labor positions. Tears were classified using the Southern California Orthopaedic Institute Classification at the time of repair as massive (C4) in 9 patients (18.75%), large (C3) in 13 patients (27.08%), medium (C2) in 21 patients (43.75%), and small (C1) in 5 patients (10.42%). At latest follow up, the mean VAS decreased from 8.0 ± 1.81 to 0.46 ± 1.20, the average SANE increased from 47.50 ± 18.59 to 91.88 ± 12.30, and the average ASES score improved from 39.58 ± 10.71 to 93.44 ± 11.97 ( P < .0001). Outcomes did not differ between patients who underwent surgery on their dominant shoulder and those who underwent surgery on their nondominant shoulder. The overall postoperative complication rate was 8.33%.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair portended favorable outcomes and high rates of return to work in this cohort of manual laborers, with 89.6% of patients able to return to work.
Chinese and Western Philosophical and Ethical Perspectives: Différance Rather Than Incommensurability or Sameness
Authors: Sigurðsson Geir
Published: May 2022

This experimental article claims that relatively recent trends in Western philosophy provide a much more open approach to philosophies originating in nonwestern traditions, including the Chinese, than found in most mainstream Western philosophy. More specifically, I argue that a slightly modified version of Jacques Derrida's concept of différance offers a hermeneutic parallel to native Chinese philosophical approaches to interpretation. These converge in the view that Western and Chinese philosophies cannot be reduced to the other in conceptual terms and that a finalized meaning or interpretation of each is a priori unattainable, thus providing a future opening for – and even integration of – a Chinese-Western dialogue in global philosophy and ethics.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders among Older Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hatfield Jordan , Fah Megan , Girden Alex , Mills Brianna , Ohnuma Tetsu , Haines Krista , Cobert Julien , Komisarow Jordan , Williamson Theresa , Bartz Raquel , Vavilala Monica , Raghunathan Karthik , Tobalske Anwen , Ward Joshua , Krishnamoorthy Vijay
Published: May 2022

Background

Older adults suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are subject to higher injury burden and mortality. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders are used to provide care aligned with patient wishes, but they may not be equitably distributed across racial/ethnic groups. We examined racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of DNR orders at hospital admission in older patients with severe TBI.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Trauma Databank (NTDB) between 2007 to 2016. We examined patients ≥ 65 years with severe TBI. For our primary aim, the exposure was race/ethnicity and outcome was the presence of a documented DNR at hospital admission. We conducted an exploratory analysis of hospital outcomes including hospital mortality, discharge to hospice, and healthcare utilization (intracranial pressure monitor placement, hospital LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation).

Results

Compared to White patients, Black patients (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35-0.64), Hispanic patients (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40-0.70), and Asian patients (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44-0.90) had decreased odds of having a DNR order at hospital admission. Patients with DNRs had increased odds of hospital mortality (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.94-2.42), discharge to hospice (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.75-2.46), shorter hospital LOS (−2.07 days, 95% CI −3.07 to −1.08) and duration of mechanical ventilation (−1.09 days, 95% CI −1.52 to −0.67). There was no significant difference in the utilization of ICP monitoring (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78-1.12).

Conclusions

We found significant racial and ethnic differences in the utilization of DNR orders among older patients with severe TBI. Additionally. DNR orders at hospital admission were associated with increased in-hospital mortality, increased hospice utilization, and decreased healthcare utilization. Future studies should examine mechanisms underlying race-based differences in DNR utilization.
A Case Study of Developing a Paralympic Shooting Jacket for Disabled Athletes
Authors: Hobbs-Murphy Kayna , Morris Kristen , Park Juyeon
Published: May 2022

Disabled athletes participate in sports at elite levels; however, industry product and academic research regarding adaptive sportswear is lacking. Limited availability of sportswear can be a barrier to participation in athletics for disabled people, particularly athletes with mobility differences. This study therefore aimed to enhance the sportswear design process in a single-case study of a Paralympic shooting athlete who participated in the 2020 Paralympic games. Qualitative and anthropometric data were collected via a high-communication, five-step design process. The researchers explored 3D apparel design technologies in tandem with physical prototyping methods to understand benefits and challenges of said tools in adaptive sportswear development. Key findings of this work include understanding of disabled athletes’ needs, design considerations for adaptive sportswear development, and found benefits and challenges of technology use. The knowledge acquired in this case study offers valuable contributions for researchers and manufacturers that can advance sportswear design for all disabled athletes.
A Pilot Study of Telehealth Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Interian Alejandro , Miller Rachael B. , Hill Lauren M. St. , Latorre Miriam , King Arlene R. , Rodriguez Kailyn M. , Mann Sarah L. , Kashan Rachel S. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. , Dobkin Roseanne D.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by high-rates of depression with limited evidence-based treatment options to improve mood. Objective: To expand therapeutic options, we evaluated the feasibility and effect of a telehealth mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention adapted for PD (MBCT-PD) in a sample of participants with DSM-5 depressive disorders. Methods: Fifteen participants with PD and clinically-significant depression completed 9 sessions of MBCT-PD. Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline, endpoint, and 1-month follow-up. Results: Telehealth MBCT-PD was feasible and beneficial. Completion rates exceeded 85% and treatment satisfaction rates were high. Notable improvements were observed for depression, anxiety, and quality of life over the course of the trial. Conclusion: Telehealth MBCT-PD shows promise and warrants further evaluation via randomized clinical trial with more diverse participants. Such research holds the potential to expand the range of therapeutic options for depression in PD, thereby setting the stage for personalized care.
Correction of the stress–strain curve for 2024 aluminum alloy after necking using the new surface strain method
Authors: Shahrjerdi Ali , Dost Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, many studies concerning plasticity and numerical simulations indicate that the true stress–strain curve plays a prominent role in the analysis of metal deformation. Hence, a new method is considered to correct the stress–strain curve based on image processing. Since the axial stress mainly becomes triaxial in the neck zone, the relationship obtained from the engineering stress–strain curve is not reliable in terms of authenticity and accuracy. Accordingly, correcting this relationship is highly advantageous and necessary. Due to the triaxial state of stress in the plastic area, longitudinal and surface strains are calculated through image processing and the correction coefficient of the stress–strain curve is obtained based on them. The equation of the stress–strain curve is based on the Hollowman relation until the onset of necking and then becomes almost linear. The finite element method (FEM) is employed for validating the obtained results. Since the corrected stress and strain equation is linear, the objective function of optimization is considered. This optimization is based on minimizing the difference between the three diameters values of the specimen, which are observed through experiment and FEM. Besides, a statistical method with the help of the genetic algorithm is employed to minimize this difference. As a result, an optimal equation is predicted for the 2024 aluminum based on the stress–strain curve of the error rate. Finally, a comparison is made between the results obtained from the surface strain method and the results obtained from the classical methods of Bridgman and Davidenkov, and a good agreement is observed between them.
Mondains and oblates. Body trajectories in high-level sport
Authors: Longchamp Philippe , Braizaz Marion , Tawfik Amal , Toffel Kevin
Published: May 2022

Most of the scientific literature concerning former high-level athletes is devoted to their professional retraining. There are comparatively few empirical studies dealing with their body representations and practices. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework, this article presents the results of an interview survey with 30 former high-level athletes. It shows that their relationships with their bodies result from their specific body trajectories, marked by family socialization and social background, sports socialization, injuries, and the possession of different forms of capital. In contrast to mondains, who have relatively stable body trajectories, oblates are marked by less homogeneous socialization and see their body trajectories divided between a form of personal dissatisfaction on the one hand and a feeling of saturation with their sport on the other.
Numerical analysis of a hydrodynamic air bearing with electromagnetic assistance
Authors: Jiang Tianchu , Jiang Kyle
Published: May 2022

An air bearing system with active electromagnetic assistance is proposed, and its dynamic characteristics are numerically analysed. The system is based on herringbone groove hydrodynamic journal bearings. The air bearing system adopts electromagnetic force to assist in lifting the rotor and lowering the lift-off speed of the bearing and adjusting the dynamic stiffness. The characteristics of the bearings are examined using the two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction method for different operating environments. The fluid simulation is performed in ANSYS Fluent and coupled with the motion equations. The fluid-structure interaction analytical model is cross-examined with the published experimental results and is used to analyse the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the lift-off speed is lowered by 46.04% and that the electromagnetic force can compensate for the loss of stiffness at an altitude of 4000 m.
Willingness to pay for attributes of Templestay and implications on marginal utility of different meditation forms
Authors: Kim Se-Hyuk , Mjelde James W , Kim Tae-Kyun , Lee Choong-Ki , Chun Byunggil
Published: May 2022

Templestays are a form of cultural tourism in which participants visit a Buddhist temple to experience their culture. Using a choice experiment, the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) is estimated for various attributes of Templestay programs of location, accommodations, and type of meditation. Respondents are willing to pay a premium for private accommodations and to experience the natural mountain settings over an urban setting. The MWTP varies by type of meditation and by how often respondents have participated in a Templestay. For the most physically demanding form of meditation, 108 prostrations, there is weak evidence marginal utility decreases with increasing number of visits. Brewing tea and talking to a monk do not lead to a change in marginal utility. The most spiritually demanding meditation, Seon meditation, shows increasing marginal utility. Seon meditators could benefit from additional stays, as the benefits of this form of meditation can only be achieved through practice and learning from experienced meditators. It is expected that these results will provide information for the diversification of Templestay experience programs.
Using the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) to Identify and Address Provider-Perceived Barriers to Optimal Statin Prescribing and Use in Community Health Centers
Authors: Meador Margaret , Bay R. Curtis , Anderson Eboni , Roy Debosree , Allgood J. Aaron , Lewis Joy H.
Published: May 2022

Statins are an important but underutilized therapy to prevent cardiovascular events, particularly in high-risk patients. To increase use of statin therapy in high-risk patients, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded a project led by the National Association of Community Health Centers to discover reasons for statin underuse in health centers and identify possible leverage points, particularly among vulnerable and underserved patients. The project further sought to develop training and educational materials to improve statin prescribing for and acceptance in eligible high-risk patients. As a first step, investigators implemented a questionnaire to clinical providers ( n = 45) at health centers participating in the project to obtain their perspective on barriers to optimal statin use. We used the practical robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM) domains to frame the overall project and guide the development of our questionnaire. This paper summarizes top perceived barriers to patient and health system/provider statin initiation and sustainment, as well as facilitators to prescribing, using PRISM as an organizing framework. Our questionnaire yielded important suggestions related to public awareness, education materials, health information technology (HIT)/data solutions, and clinical guidelines as key factors in optimizing statin use. It also informed the design of patient education resources and provider training tools. Future directions include using the full application of the PRISM implementation science model to assess how well our educational and training resources help overcome barriers to statin use in high-risk patients, including evaluating how key contextual factors influence successful implementation.
Valve-Preserving Root Reimplantation Combined with Arch Procedure: Optimizing Patient Selection
Authors: Othman Ahmed A. , Elgharably Haytham , Vargo Patrick R. , Ayyat Kamal S. , Bakaeen Faisal G. , Johnston Douglas R. , Tong Michael Z. , Unai Shinya , Kalahasti Vidyasagar , Svensson Lars G. , Roselli Eric E.
Published: May 2022

Objective: Patients with thoracic aortic disease commonly present with concomitant multisegment pathology. We describe the patient population, analyze outcomes, and define the patient selection strategy for valve-preserving aortic root reimplantation (VPARR) combined with the arch procedure. Methods: From 2008 to 2018, 98 patients underwent VPARR combined with the aortic arch procedure (hemi-arch, 50% [ n = 49, limited repair]; total arch, 50% [ n = 49, complete repair] including 39 with elephant trunk). Indications for surgery were aneurysmal disease (61%) and aortic dissection (39%). The median follow-up was 17 months (IQR, 8 to 60 months). Results: There were no operative deaths or paraplegia, and 5 patients underwent re-exploration for bleeding. During follow-up, 2 patients required aortic valve replacement for severe aortic insufficiency at 1 and 5 years, and 4 patients died. In the limited repair group, 1 patient underwent reintervention for aortic arch replacement, whereas 4 patients underwent planned intervention (1 endovascular and 3 open thoracoabdominal aortic repair). In the complete repair group, 23 patients underwent planned intervention (15 endovascular and 8 open thoracoabdominal repair). Conclusions: Single-stage, complete, proximal aortic repair including VPARR combined with total aortic arch replacement is as safe and feasible to perform as limited arch repair and facilitates further intervention in carefully selected patients with diffuse aortic pathology at centers of expertise.
Urban-rural disparities in hypertension management among middle-aged and older patients: Results of a 2018 Chinese national study
Authors: Tam Hon Lon , Chung Siu Fung , Wang Qun
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Hypertension is a well-known global risk factor associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Medication use and urban-rural disparities in medication usage patterns affect hypertension management. We investigated patient characteristics across different geographical areas to determine factors that affect medication use among Chinese patients aged ≥ 45 years, diagnosed with hypertension.

Methods

Data were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018. We recorded differences in medication use, advice from healthcare providers, and health-related behaviors between urban and rural areas.

Results

The study included 2115 patients with hypertension (mean age 62.06 years). Advice received and medication use were significantly lower in patients from rural areas than in those from urban areas. Our findings showed that urban residence, comorbidities, advice regarding lifestyle changes, and smoking were positive predictors of medication use, whereas alcohol consumption and regular exercise reduced the likelihood of medication use.

Discussion

We observed urban-rural disparities in hypertension management, and several strategies, including distribution of reminders and written materials can be integrated into current clinical practice to improve the rate of medication use among rural residents with hypertension.
Review on quick safety assessment of building structures in complex urban environment after extreme explosion events
Authors: Shi Yanchao , Liu Shaozeng , Li Zhongxian , Ding Yang
Published: May 2022

Extreme explosion events result in demands for emergency rescue service. From the civil engineering perspective, a quick safety assessment of building structures in the explosion’s vicinity will provide the emergency rescue committee with concrete support to make scientific decisions. In this paper, three primary issues, namely, inverse analysis of explosive characteristics, blast wave propagation in complex urban areas and blast-induced damage identification, are reviewed. These are often performed stepwise and form a multi-step whole to assist the emergency rescue service. The paper begins by introducing the inverse analysis of explosives based on craters, building damages and seismic or acoustic records. In this step, explosive characteristics, for example, charge type, original time, yield and location, could be produced and input into blast load calculation in the next step. Then, the existing literature on blast wave propagation and blast load determination is presented with close attention to complex urban environments. It shows that the current study remains in its infancy and relies on advancement in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Besides, pressure–impulse (P-I) diagrams which predict the structural damage based on the calculated blast loads are illustrated. Onsite damage detection techniques, such as visual inspection, non-destructive testing (NDT) and vibration-based methods, are also discussed. The paper ends with a discussion of the shortcomings of previous work and the outlooks of further work.
Hip-Spine Relationship between Sagittal Balance of the Lumbo-Pelvi-Femoral Complex and Hip Extension Capacity: An EOS Evaluation in a Healthy Caucasian Population
Authors: Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Mansour Jad , Haignère Vincent , Demattei Christophe , Maury Etienne , George David , Coulomb Remy
Published: May 2022

Study Design

A prospective study of healthy volunteers

Objectives

The influence of the sagittal alignment of the spine and its influence on the extension reserve have been reported in the literature. However, specific analysis of the intrinsic coxofemoral and extrinsic pelvic component in subjects without any spinal or hip pathologies remains poorly reported. The aim of this study was to categorize the hip extension capacity, or extension reserve (ER), in relation to spinal sagittal alignment whilst standing, in a young healthy population. We hypothesized that the global extension reserve (GER) of the hip joint was influenced by the sagittal spinopelvic alignment.

Methods

We evaluated the ER of 120 healthy Caucasian volunteers (56 females (46.7%), 74 males (53.3%); mean age 25.6 years), using low dose radiographs from an EOS® X-ray imaging system in 2 functional positions; neutral standing position and in a forward lunge position. The GER is defined as the sum of the intrinsic (hip) extension reserve (IER) and the extrinsic (pelvic) extension reserve (EER). Cases were grouped into 4 sagittal alignment subtypes according to the Roussouly classification, and analyzed.

Results

Global extension reserve values were not significantly different between the 4 Roussouly subtypes ( P = .094), nor between patients with a sacral slope (SS) <35° (types 1/2) and ≥ 35° (type 3/4) ( P = .837). Statistically significant differences were seen between IER in each subtype ( P = .015), and EER ( P = .006). No difference in ER was seen between subtypes regarding pelvic incidence (PI).

Conclusion

An inverse relationship was found between IER and EER among Roussouly subtypes. The range of motion of the pelvis and the hip joint was higher in patients with a greater sacral slope.
Exploring temporal variability in travel patterns on public transit using big smart card data
Authors: Zhao Xia , Cui Mengying , Levinson David
Published: May 2022

Passengers generate travel behaviours on public transit, whose variations deserve an exploration with an aim to guide daily-updated managements. In this study, we investigate temporal variability in travel patterns for over 3.3 million passengers across 120 days who use public transit in Beijing. Temporal variability is characterized by a series of features in terms of space coverage, travel distance and travel frequency, based on which, passengers are clustered into two types, that is, commuters with daily travel routines, and non-commuters who do not. How, and to which extent, they change travel patterns over time are examined, with using approaches concerning multivariate regression and curve fitting. Results show that, (1) commuters are more likely to travel longer but cover less territory than non-commuters on weekdays, while the opposite patterns occur on weekends. The variation of day of week affects commuters less, compared to non-commuters, due to more fixed schedules, as expected; (2) travel distance and frequency are found to increase faster, more linearly, than space-coverage features, the last of which experience a progressive decreasing of marginal increases before reaching a plateau. The above findings facilitate transport practitioners to design sound management schemes for passengers in different categories.
Water footprints and sewage management challenges in second home tourism
Authors: Staunstrup Jan Kloster , Hjalager Anne-Mette , Steffansen Rasmus Nedergård , Sørensen Michael Tophøj
Published: May 2022

While water consumption and water conservation have been issues in the discussion of sustainable tourism for many years, the residual part of the water cycle, the management of wastewater, lacks attention in tourism and planning research. This study addresses the wastewater challenges in Danish second home tourism. More than 200,000 second homes represent an important touristic resource both for owners and for short-term renters, and increasingly, the accommodation capacity is used over the whole year. Data from the building and housing register (BBR) show that only 54% of second homes are connected to public sewage and purification utilities. The remaining second homes rely on individual solutions such as septic tanks. A substantial regional variance can be partly explained by differences in the spatial layout and location of second homes, but mainly the dissimilar priorities in the responsible municipalities are the result of systemic factors following semi-privatized governance structures. The intensified use of second homes, rising ground water levels, more frequent climate incidences and EU and national quality obligations for the environmental standards of waterways and seas are and will in the future be challenges for the municipal wastewater management. A mobilization of second home owners and users to support updated wastewater infrastructures is hampered by the principles laid down in the governance structures.
‘Hartite’ renamed branchite
Authors: Bonaccorsi Elena , Farina Simone , Biagioni Cristian , Pasero Marco
Published: May 2022

Historical samples of branchite, described by the Tuscan naturalist Paolo Savi (1798–1871) at the end of the 1830s, were re-examined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing their identity with hartite, C20H34, a hydrocarbon mineral described by Haidinger in 1841. The refined unit-cell parameters are a = 11.4116(7), b = 20.9688(12), c = 7.4100(4) Å, α = 93.947(2), β = 100.734(2), γ = 80.524(2)°, V = 1716.99(17) Å3 and Z = 4; space group P1. The crystal structure was solved and refined up to R1 = 0.0424 for 13512 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 1265 refined parameters. As the name ‘branchite’ has priority over ‘hartite’, the reinstatement of the former name and the discreditation of the latter were approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA–CNMNC). Branchite is one of only eleven minerals formed by C and H listed in the official IMA List of Minerals. The type locality of branchite is the Botro di Lavajano, Monte Vaso, Chianni, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. Neotype material is kept in the Natural History Museum of the Pisa University under catalogue number 14426.
Dominant epitopes presented by prevalent HLA alleles permit wide use of banked CMVpp65 T cells in adoptive therapy
Authors: Hasan Aisha N. , Doubrovina Ekaterina , Sottile Rosa , Prockop Susan , Klatt Martin G. , Heller Glenn , Selvakumar Annamalai , Barnett Lorna , Hsu Katharine C. , O’Reilly Richard J.
Published: May 2022

We established and characterized a bank of 138 CMVpp65 peptide-specific T-cell (CMVpp65CTLs) lines from healthy marrow transplant donors who consented to their use for treatment of individuals other than their transplant recipient. CMVpp65CTL lines included 131 containing predominantly CD8+ T cells and 7 CD4+ T cells. CD8+ CMVpp65CTLs were specific for 1 to 3 epitopes each presented by one of only 34 of the 148 class I alleles in the bank. Similarly, the 7 predominantly CD4+ CMVpp65CTL lines were each specific for epitopes presented by 14 of 40 HLA DR alleles in the bank. Although the number of HLA alleles presenting CMV epitopes is low, their prevalence is high, permitting selection of CMVpp65CTLs restricted by an HLA allele shared by transplant recipient and hematopoietic cell transplant donor for >90% of an ethnogeographically diverse population of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Within individuals, responses to CMVpp65 peptides presented by different HLA alleles are hierarchical. Furthermore, within groups, epitopes presented by HLA B*07:02 and HLA A*02:01 consistently elicit immunodominant CMVpp65CTLs, irrespective of other HLA alleles inherited. All dominant CMVpp65CTLs exhibited HLA-restricted cytotoxicity against epitope loaded targets and usually cleared CMV infections. However, immunodominant CMVpp65CTLs responding to epitopes presented by certain HLA B*35 alleles were ineffective in lysing CMV-infected cells in vitro or controlling CMV infections post adoptive therapy. Analysis of the hierarchy of T-cell responses to CMVpp65, the HLA alleles presenting immunodominant CMVpp65 epitopes, and the responses they induce may lead to detailed algorithms for optimal choice of third-party CMVpp65CTLs for effective adoptive therapy.