bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
relationship of agro-climatic characteristics in flowering phenology of siam citr plants (Citrus nobillias Var microcarpa L)
Authors: Sulistiawati Ni Putu Anom , Suaria I. Nengah , Astiari Ni Komang Alit
Published: April 2021

The productivity of citrus plants in Indonesia is still low. This is due to the insufficient land used for citrus cultivation. Besides, several factors influence the production and quality of citrus, namely genetics, cultivation, and post-harvest handling, as well as other environmental factors, namely land. Environmental factors that affect the production and quality of citrus are soil and climate. Soil factors include altitude, topography, drainage, soil type, soil physical properties, and soil chemical properties, while climatic factors include rainfall and temperature. On a large scale, these environmental factors are difficult to modify, so to avoid the risk of damage and death, citrus plants are recommended to be planted on suitable land. The purpose of land suitability research is also intended to increase the production and quality of oranges.
Prevalence of post-operative anaemia in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kalio DGB  , Eli S  , Okagua KE  , Allagoa DO
Published: April 2021

Background: Post-operative anaemia is often a reflection of pre-operative pre-operative work-up and pre-operative anaemia. In addition. Post-operative anaemia is also determined by co-morbidities of patients prior to surgery. The prevalence of post-operative anaemia varies based on surgical specialties and the experience of the surgeon; prevalence rates as high as 85% have been recorded in orthopaedic surgeries. Aim: To determine the prevalence of post-operative anaemic in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Method: This was a six months cross sectional study of the post-operative anaemia of patients who had operation at the Surgery and Obstetrics/Gyaecology departments of The Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. The permission for the study was granted by the head of department of obstetrics and gynaecology in conjunction with the head of .the hospital management. The yard stick for anaemia was packed cell volume less than 33% in line with the World Health Organization (WHO). A structured proforma was used to obtain information from patient’s case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: Three hundred and eigthy subjects were recruited for the study. Males subjects were 150 (39.5%) while females were 230 (60.5%) respectively. The mean age was 31 years. One hundred and ninety nine (52.4%) were obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries while 181 (47.6 %) were non-gynaecological surgeries. The commonest indication for surgery was caesarean section representing 130 (34.2%) of the subjects. Two hundred and sixty six of the subjects (70%) had PCV less than 33%. One hundred and fifty two (40%) women had PCV less than 33% while 114 (30%) of the men had PCV less than 33%. Conclusion: The study revealed that prevalence of post-operative anaemia amongst surgical patients at RSUTH was 70 %. The post-operative anaemia amongst women was worrisome. The need to optimize patients prior to surgery cannot be over-emphasized to prevent morbidities and mortalities post-operative.
Health care of Brazilian indigenous peoples: Post-implementation of the National Indigenous Health Policy
Authors: Flávia Carvalho dos Santos Batista  , Firmina Hermelinda Saldanha Albuquerque  , Karla Maria Carneiro Rolim  , Manoel Viana Xavier  , Mirian Calíope Dantas Pinheiro  , Henriqueta Ilda Verganista Martins Fernandes  , Mirna Albuquerque Frota
Published: April 2021

The objective was to describe, through key points of indigenous health care, what has changed after the implementation of the National Health Care Policy for Indigenous Peoples. For this, the research method chosen was the literature review with a qualitative approach of the results. The studies that composed the sample were retrieved from the SciELO and PubMed databases, from May to August 2018. The results point to the deficiency of training of professionals of the Multidisciplinary Team of Indigenous Health (EMSI) in the context of interethnic relations; the need to define the functions of Indigenous Health Agents (IHA) within EMSI; the good acceptance by indigenous peoples and EMSI regarding biomedical and traditional indigenous treatments, respectively; in addition to the food deficiency of the Indigenous Health Care Information System. That said, there should be trainings in the scope of interethnic action for EMSI and IHA with clear definition of each one’ roles within EMSI, especially the IHA.
Дозозависимый эффект миметика фактора роста нервов ГК-2 на модели диабета у крыс Вистар
Authors: Иванов Сергей Витальевич , Островская Рита Ушеровна , Гудашева Татьяна Александровна , Середенин Сергей Борисович
Published: April 2021

В статье приводятся результаты исследования антидиабетической активности миметика фактора роста нервов, соединения ГК-2 (гексаметилендиамид бис-(N-моносукцинил-L-глутамил-L-лизина)), вводимого перорально на модели стрептозотоцин-индуцированного сахарного диабета 2 типа у крыс Вистар. Антигипергликемическая активность ГК-2 определена для доз от 1 до 10 мг/кг с максимально выраженным эффектом в дозах 2,5 и 5 мг/кг. В указанном диапазоне доз ГК-2 ослабляет полидипсию и полифагию, положительно влияет на динамику массы тела диабетических животных. Зависимость эффектов ГК-2 от дозы описывается куполообразной кривой, характерной для эффектов регуляторных пептидов. Выявленная в данной работе десятикратная широта купола зависимости доза — эффект в сочетании с высокой безопасностью позволяет прогнозировать удовлетворительную терапевтическую широту действия этого соединения в качестве потенциального антидиабетического препарата для пер-орального введения.
Антианемическое действие композиции, содержащей гексацианоферрат железа-калия-натрия, сульфат железа, сульфат калия и фармакопейную микроцеллюлозу
Authors: Ремез Виктор Павлович , Данилова И. Г. , Гетте И. Ф. , Бриллиант С. А. , Поздина В. А.
Published: April 2021

Изучено антианемическое действие железосодержащей композиции, включающей гексацианоферрат железа-калия-натрия, сульфат железа, сульфат калия и фармакопейную микроцеллюлозу, на самцах крыс линии Wistar. Железодефицитная анемия индуцировалась подкожной инъекцией дефероксамина (Desferal). В качестве маркеров анемии использовали содержание железа в крови, миелограмму, количество эритроцитов, гематокрит. Композицию вводили перорально крысам с симулированной анемией в количестве 10 мг/кг ежедневно в течение 3 и 12 дней. Композиция имела 3 модификации, отличающиеся процентным содержанием солей железа и калия. Все модификации нормализовали показатели гемоглобина, эритроцитов, железа в плазме и гематокрита уже на 3 день ежедневного перорального применения, и исследуемые параметры продолжали возрастать к 12 дню эксперимента. Модификации II и III показали более значительные изменения показателей миелограммы в виде идентифицируемых митозов и большего числа эритроидных клеток.
Government Expenditure Data Exploration & Analysis Using Python
Authors: Mena Pedro , Kerby Leslie , Nielson Derick , Wilsdon Katherine , Gilbreath Paul , Hill Connie , Casanova Konner , Massey Kyle
Published: April 2021

The goal of improving cost efficiencies is a constant endeavor of all organizations. This is especially true for governments, where public perception often has the ability to affect budget allocations. The data used in this analysis consisted of publically available state expenditures from 2018 and 2019 for the state of Idaho. The dataset contains the record of over 2 million state expenditures across all state agencies. The data analysis was performed using Python and the Pandas library. Visualizations were created using the Matplotlib package. The data exploration showed that Idaho’s Departments of Health and Welfare, Education and Transportation spent the most in this time period. The analysis also determined which Summary Objects, Sub-Object and Vendors experienced the greatest changes between the two years. Comparisons were also done using publicly available data on reported budget allocations by the states of Arkansas, California, Texas and Montana to see how spending differs between Idaho and these states based on percentage and per capita. Finally, suggestions for improvement in the areas of health care and employee transportation were given. These include methods of improving competition in health care, reducing travel through expanded teleconferencing and providing incentives to employees for reduced travel cost. Keywords: data science, budget analysis, python, pandas, government spending
How Ontic Structural Realism would Formalize Scientific Progress
Authors: Pablos Alex B
Published: April 2021

This essay tries to make a tangential cut between the debate that seeks the most adequate definition of scientific progress (involving authors such as K. Popper, T Kuhn, A Bird or J Saatsi) and the debate on the viability of structural realism to be considered the best epistemological approach to the understanding of nature (B van Fraassen, J Ladyman, J Worrall, S Psillos...). Thus, we will first connect both debates by showing that they shared a common problem before their progressive distancing. Finally, we will outline a formulation of scientific progress inferred from the structural realism approach; in particular, our definition will be based on J. Ladyman’s proposal in Every Thing Must Go as we will emphasize that it also provides an answer to the aforementioned original problem. Our conclusion is that this formulation of scientific progress differs from the three main ones, namely, truthlikeness, problem-solving, and accumulation of knowledge. This fourth form is necessarily linked to a speculative approximation of reality. Moreover, we want to suggest that this fourth conception is articulated under the shadow of the ideas of CS Peirce. Keywords: structural realism, scientific progress, J Ladyman, speculative realism
the students' ability to identify the generic structure of recount text
Authors: Widyawati Wiwik Yully
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to find out the students ability in identifying the generic structure of recount text, the problems faced by the students and solution of the problems faced by the students in identifying the generic structure of recount text. This method used descriptive qualitative method. The writer used essay test, 10 items. The writer took sample randomly, thirty six students. The findings of this research are by analyzing the students’ test which are done by the students about of identifying the recount text . After the data have been collected and analyzed, the score of the students’ ability to identify the generic structure of recount text is 73.9. It means that the students’ ability in identifying the generic structure of recount text is fair. However, the problems that faced by the students in identifying the generic structure of recount text are the students found the difficulty in understanding the meaning of the word and question, and they can’t identify the generic structure of recount text completely especially the part of event. Then, to overcome the problems, the writer offers some suggestions. They are the teacher should give more exercises in analyzing the generic structure especially event, give more attentions to the result of the assignment which are given to the students.

Key words: genre, generic structure, and recount text
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF LEARNER AUTONOMY
Authors: Putra Muhammad Iqbal Ripo , Iswara Citra
Published: April 2021

Pre-service teachers’ limited understanding toward learner autonomy affects how they develop their own and their students’ autonomy. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal: (1) the pre-service teachers’ perception on the role of the teachers and students in learner autonomy; (2) the pre-service teachers’ activity on their own learner autonomy as a learner in teacher training school. 25 respondents were surveyed to acquire their perception. It was found that the pre-service teachers assumed that the teachers should hold the dominant role and be responsible to the learning results. Not only to that, the pre-service teachers still focused on exam-oriented activity; learning only from material given by the teacher in order to pass the exam. Due to that perception, their autonomous learning did not properly develop, as they prefer teacher-centered method. To deal with these findings, the pre-service teachers should not orientate on passing the exam, but rather on the progress as learning is a process not only the result.

Keywords: Learner Autonomy, Pre-Service Teachers, Perception
Student’s Ability and Factors to Use Gerund and To Infinitive Case Study: Indonesian EFL Learners in University Level
Authors: Febriyanti Rina Husnaini
Published: April 2021

Mastering grammar seems very challenging for English foreign language learners. Learning grammar constructions that they do not find or have different system to their first language bring some consequences. One of them is on learning about gerund and to infinitive. The objectives of this study are to describe the ability on mastering gerund and infinitive form and to analyze the factors affecting them to learning its form. This study used descriptive method. The respondents of this research were the students who took English Structure subject on second year of Indraprasta PGRI University Jakarta. Moreover, the data was collected through the instruments, and they were test and questionnaire. The data was analyzed descriptively, and it was tabulated and calculated. Next, it was presented in percent form. After analyzing the data descriptively, the research result is the ability of the students on mastering the using of gerund is on very poor range that is 41.82% (23 out of 55), in other words, it can be said that more than half respondents were still in low understanding of gerund, in the same time, mastering the using to-infinitive form is on very poor range that is 36.36% (20 out of 55), or it can be said that the respondents were still low in understanding of to infinitive. The factors affecting them were being passive, lack of motivation, slow learning, less practice in doing exercises, poor of literature, and not learning from the mistakes. These findings may encourage the lecturer of English Structure to find out more ways to improve student’s ability especially on using gerund and to infinitive for Indonesian EFL Learners in University level.
IMPROVING STUDENT’S SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH GUIDED GRAMMAR IN POLITEKNIK KELAPA SAWIT BEKASI
Authors: SETYOWATI Luluk
Published: April 2021

Speaking is an important skill in language learning, it is the key of active communication. As teaching speaking is important aspect in language learning process, this is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching. Despite this fact, for many years, teaching speaking in Indonesian context has been undervalued and English language teachers have continued to teach speaking as a repetition of drills or memorization of dialogues. However, today's education world requires that the goal of teaching speaking should improve students' communicative skills. Only in this way, the students can express themselves depend on the social context. In this study, the researcher attempts to conduct a research about the use of guided grammar and its impact in speaking achievement for students of oil palm plantation processing technology program of Politeknik Kelapa Sawit Bekasi. The activities of learning grammar provide an excellent opportunity for the learners to develop this skill. The result shows that at the beginning of guided grammar, students' speaking ability is still very limited. But when the speaking assignments in guided grammar went on for quite a long time, students were getting used to speak in grammatically correct way. Students felt that their speaking skills had improved and had become better than before.
CONTEXT CLUES MASTERY IN STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT 8 GRADE STUDENTS OF 10 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPOK
Authors: Utama Sari Lila
Published: April 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keefektifan context clues terhadap pemahaman membaca teks deskripsi mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa Inggris pada semester tiga di 8 grade of SMPN 10 Depok. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat jenis context clues yang mana yang lebih mudah di pahami mahasiswa dalam mengidentifikasi kata baru. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian experimen. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester tiga pada program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris 8 grade of SMPN 10 Depok tahun akademik 2012-2013. Sampel dari penelitian ini diambil dengan cara cluster random sampling yang terdiri dari tiga kelas paralel dan homogeny yaitu kelas A, B, dan C. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelas yaitu kelas A sebagai kelas experimen yang diajarkan dengan context clues sedangkan kelas B sebagai kelas kontrol diajar dengan menggunakan kamus. Tes pilihan berganda digunakan untuk mengukur pemahaman membaca siswa untuk memperoleh data dengan pretest dan posttest. Untuk melihat keefektifan dari context clues, data di analisis dengan menggunakan ttest. Dari analisis data, ditemukan bahwa mahasiswa yang diajar dengan context clues lebih baik pemahaman membaca daripada menggunakan kamus. Untuk memahami kata sulit, mahasiswa lebih mudah dalam penentuan example clues. Dengan kata lain, mengajar reading dengan menggunakan context clues memiliki pengaruh yang siknifikan jika dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan kamus. Kesimpulannya, hasil nilai membaca mahasiswa dari kelas eksperimen dan control berbeda.
The Implementation of Duolingo Mobile Application in English Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Irawan Ari , Wilson Agus , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: April 2021

The purposes of this research are as follows: to obtain data and to analyze the effects of the implementation of Duolingo mobile application in English vocabulary. The research was held at SDN 02 Ciputat. All data variables were taken through tests. For vocabulary mastery tests, the data was taken in the questionnaires form. The method used was to conduct a system quality test (Software Quality Assurance) of software quality based on the factors and the criteria established. The data shows that the application gets a score with a pretty good predicate (73,8%), so learning media using the Duolingo mobile application can be applied especially for students in understanding English.
 
Teaching Simple Present in Writing Through Short Story on Youtube To Accounting Students at University of Bina Sarana Informatika
Authors: Kusumawardhani Paramita
Published: April 2021

This research discusses the use of short story on YouTube in teaching simple present tense to Accounting students. The development of technology has influenced in English teaching learning ways. There are some skills that should be mastered by the learners in learning English, they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. Technology can be used in all English skills, such as the use of YouTube in teaching writing. There are many short stories on YouTube that can be used as one of the media in teaching writing. Simple present is used to show the activity which is done repeatedly. It is also used to show about general truth or fact. It is chosen as the students, especially Accounting students, still have difficulties in implementing simple present in the sentence. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method and the participants of this research were the students from Accounting Department, 1st semester of University Bina Sarana Informatika. The results of the research are: (1) most students have understood about the pattern of the verb used in simple present tense; (2) most of them have known about using verbs or auxiliary verbs; and (3) some of them made mistakes of the writing of the verb and auxiliary verb.
ANALISA NILAI CBR SOAKED DAN UNSOAKED UNTUK LAPISAN SUBGRADE PADA TANAH MERAH NGELING JEPARA
Authors: Umam Khotibul
Published: April 2021

Problems associated with the subgrade (subgrade) of the structure on the pavement include deformation which is caused by traffic loads, soil shrinkage due to changes in moisture content and uneven soil bearing capacity. In any civil engineering work, it is generally established on the ground. With the development of the times, more and more agricultural lands are used in the construction of road access. In general, red soil is easy to absorb water, contains moderate organic matter, and has a neutral acidity. In the area of Ngeling Village, Jepara, land is generally used for farming and now much of it has been converted into land for building roads. In the implementation of road construction, the price of CBR for land is very important and influential. The subsoil layer in the road structure may consist of original soil, excavated soil and compacted soil which can reach a density of at least 100%. In this study, it was found out how much the laboratory CBR value of both CBR Soaked and CBR Unsoaked from the original land in Ngeling Village, Jepara. In addition, it can also be seen that the CBR value in the worst soil conditions is obtained from CBR Soaked (immersion). The CBR value of the soil with saturated water immersion obtained a value of 3.8553%, which is categorized as bad for sugbgrade, while the land without being soaked has a value of 10.925% which is categorized as good for subgrade.
Principals’ Positive Organizational Behavior in Schools and Its Results
Authors:   Düzce University, Turkey, Göksoy Süleyman
Published: April 2021

In this study, the positive situations that principals put forward about teachers, students, the institution and themselves, and the results of these positive situations and practices were investigated. The current study has been carried out with a descriptive purpose. The positive organizational behavior of the principals in schools and its results, which is the subject of the study, are examined within the scope of "phenomenology." The research was conducted on 32 different institutions and educators in a province in the Western Black Sea Region in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the present study, it has been obtained that the principals generally emphasize the positive organizational behaviors of teachers, students, the school and themselves. Considering the fact that positive organizational behavior in schools increases corporate and individual performance and highlights the strengths of the organization and employees, the following comment can be made: Educational institutions and managers need to make positive organizational behavior a part of the corporate culture and corporate climate.
Experiencing Flow through an Integrative Pedagogy
Authors: Oh Kirsten S.
Published: April 2021

Faculty face challenges of balancing many demands and needs from family, school, religious organizations, and different communities to which they belong. This article discusses integrative strategies for holding multiple roles and managing diverse demands from someone who has served as an administrator and professor and is a mother, wife, priest, and communal leader.
The Challenges Facing Asian and Asian American Mid-Career Faculty
Authors: Kwok Pui-lan
Published: April 2021

None at this time
Can You Picture It? Curricular Imagination for the Transformative Art of Theological Education
Authors: Tran Mai-Anh
Published: April 2021

This forum presents the written text (with added introduction) of remarks given at the installation of Mai-Anh Le Tran as academic dean at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. Naming the “colonial design” (Jennings) buttressing contemporary theological education, Tran wonders how the cultivation of educational imagination might invigorate a vibrant and vital place-based curriculum for theological discovery and formation that does not anesthetize, but rather awakens our full, unfinished selves for sense-filled meaning-making and “utopian social dreaming” for the transformative art of religious leadership in changing and challenging times.
Diverse Muslim Narratives: Rethinking Islam 101
Authors: Rashid Hussein
Published: April 2021

The practice of teaching Islam in the American context has a particular intellectual pedigree. At this point, the critique of the Study of Religion as emerging out of a normative Christian framework is well-established in the field. Edward Said’s argument for the ways in which Islam is constructed to meet American political interests, rather than an engagement with Muslims and their religion, is nearly forty years old. These power dynamics mean that students, through popular discourse, understand Wahhabi Islam as Sunni Islam, which they consider the “true Islam” against which other Islams are judged. I propose a model of looking at how Muslims define their religion through contestation and relation which allows students to understand the dynamic nature of their traditions. What I outline as an approach gives a greater sense of covering the breadth of material represented by a global religious community, with over a millennium of history.
Study of Iktiofauna Biodiversity Based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the Progo River, Magelang, Central Java
Authors: Jailani Abdul Qadir , Mujtahidah Tholibah
Published: April 2021

The study of biodiversity is important in looking at the current condition of an aquatic environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the biodiversity of the fauna in the Progo River in determining the level of fish diversity and the status of fish resources in the Progo river by using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling consisting of 17 stations. The data taken includes coordinate points, the diversity index (H '), evenness index (E), dominance index (D), and relative abundance (Kr), as well as making a map of the distribution of progo river fish using Arcgis software version 10.5. The results showed that the diversity index value (H ') was moderate to high with a value range of 2.24 to 3.83, with a catch composition consisting of 23 species and 11 families. The evenness index value (E) of the progo river ranges from 0.71 to 1.21. Based on this value, the Progo River has an evenness value between species that is relatively even or the number of individuals of each species is relatively the same. Progo river dominance index value ranges from 0.002-0.008, that is, no fish species dominates. The highest relative abundance (Kr) was balar fish (Barbonymus balleroides) = 0.12%, melem fish (Osteochilus vittatus) = 0.11%, uceng fish (Nemacheilus fasciatus) 0.09%, tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) 0 , 08%, while the lowest was kekel fish (Glyptothorax platypogon) and sepat fish (Trichopodus trichopterus) with a value of 0.01%. The results of the analysis of the distribution of fish in the Progo river show that the fish are widely distributed in the river area which has deep and calm water characteristics, this is indicated by the number of catches at each research station.Keywords: Biodiversity, Progo River, Geographical Information System (GIS)
The New Gnosis and the Denial of Ontological Differences
Authors: Ballesteros Jesús
Published: April 2021

The current transhumanist or posthumanist movements continue the thesis of the old gnosis devaluing the creation like something imperfect. Its novelty is to believe in the possibility of overcoming the creation thanks to technology (biotechnology and bionics). The ideology of gender partly anticipates this way of thinking by devaluing the somatic difference between male and female. This denial of the differences then applies to those existing between the human and the non-human (on one side the primates, and on the other the computer). Posthumanism and transhumanism believe that technology will not only overcome the ontological differences, which form the human, but also the so-called extreme situations, such as illness, suffering and death itself. In this case, by copying the brain information as software to a hard disk. The intellectual myopia of these movements is clear: they reduce the scope of knowledge to mere genetic or electronic information, denying knowledge and, more importantly, wisdom. Their current success is due to their connection with the central thesis of financial capitalism: the need for total manipulation of the real and indefinite growth. Far from advancing the human being, they create malfunctions.
pengertian laissez faire dan sejarah munculnya
Authors: resti
Published: April 2021

catatan terntang pengertian dan sejarah munculnya laissez faire
Laissez-faire
Authors: nasrowi muhammad muhaimin
Published: April 2021

Laissez faire Adam Smith
COVID-19 and late adolescent mental health
Authors: stevens gonneke , Buyukcan-Tetik Asuman , Maes Marlies , Weinberg Dom , Vermeulen Sander Tim , Visser Kirsten , Finkenauer Catrin
Published: April 2021

This study examined socioeconomic disparities in changes in late adolescents’ mental health between fall 2019, spring 2020, and fall 2020. Using data from 1,429 adolescents (Mage = 17.9) from tertiary vocational schools in the Netherlands, linear and latent basis growth curve models were assessed and multigroup analyses conducted. Results showed a small but significant decrease in life satisfaction and small but significant increases in emotional problems, peer relationship problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity-inattention problems. For emotional problems and peer relationship problems, changes between fall 2019 and spring 2020 were more pronounced than changes between spring 2020 and fall 2020. For the other outcomes, decreases were linear. Mental health trajectories were largely comparable for adolescents from families with varying socioeconomic status.
Kritik Adam Smith terhadap merkantilisme
Authors: Hinaya Inatul
Published: April 2021

artikel ini membahas tentang Kritik Adam Smith terhadap merkantilisme
A survey of code sharing practice and policy in computational biology
Authors: Hrynaszkiewicz Iain , Harney James , Cadwallader Lauren
Published: April 2021

Sharing of code supports reproducible research but fewer journals have policies on code sharing compared to data sharing, and there is little evidence on researchers’ attitudes and experiences with code sharing. Before introducing a stronger policy on sharing of code, the Editors and publisher of the journal PLOS Computational Biology wished to test, via an online survey, the suitability of a proposed mandatory code sharing policy with its community of authors. Previous research has established, in 2019, 41% of papers in the journal linked to shared code. We also wanted to understand the potential impact of the proposed policy on authors' submissions to the journal, and their concerns about code sharing.We received 214 completed survey responses, all of whom had generated code in their research previously. 80% had published in PLOS Computational Biology and 88% of whom were based in Europe or North America. Overall, respondents reported they were more likely to submit to the journal if it had a mandatory code sharing policy and US researchers were more positive than the average for all respondents. Researchers whose main discipline is Medicine and Health sciences viewed the proposed policy less favourably, as did the most senior researchers (those with more than 100 publications) compared to early and mid-career researchers.The authors surveyed report that, on average, 71% of their research articles have associated code, and that for the average author, code has not been shared for 32% of these papers. The most common reasons for not sharing code previously are practical issues, which are unlikely to prevent compliance with the policy. A lack of time to share code was the most common reason. 22% of respondents who had not shared their code in the past cited intellectual property (IP) concerns - a concern that might prevent public sharing of code under a mandatory code sharing policy. The results also imply that 18% of the respondents’ previous publications did not have the associated code shared and IP concerns were not cited, suggesting more papers in the journal could share code.To remain inclusive of all researchers in the community, the policy was designed to allow researchers who can demonstrate they are legally restricted from sharing their code to be granted an exemption to public sharing of code.As a secondary goal of the survey we wanted to determine if researchers have unmet needs in their ability to share their own code, and to access other researchers' code. Consistent with our previous research on data sharing, we found potential opportunities for new products or features that support code accessibility or reuse. We found researchers were on average satisfied with their ability to share their own code, suggesting that offering new products or features to support sharing in the absence of a stronger policy would not increase the availability of code with the journal's publications.
Sistem ekonomi laissez faire adam smith
Authors: Susanti Nur Evi
Published: April 2021

Sistem ekonomi laissez faire adam smith
Linguistic and Personological Features of the Doka & Martin Grieving Style Continuum
Authors: Geisler James , Dykeman Cass
Published: April 2021

While there is extensive research on the adaptive grief styles developed by Doka and Martin, this study is the first of its kind to explore the language used among each style of grief. This study used clinical vignettes from a variety of sources on instrumental and intuitive grieving in an attempt to decipher the language use across various linguistic and psychological processes. Following this analysis, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was used fitting a two-topic model to analyze differences between topics while additionally performing a supervised LDA analysis. The strongest data from this study relate to intuitive grief, which found a higher use of present-tense language in comparison to the instrumental grief style. In addition, results found that the language used by intuitive grievers is slightly more distinguishable than that of its instrumental counterpart. Several implications for counseling and research were developed in response to these findings.Keywords: corpus linguistics, grieving, instrumental grieving, intuitive grieving, LIWC, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA).
Seasonal cues to food scarcity and calorie cravings: Winter cues elicit preferences for energy-dense foods
Authors: Folwarczny Michal , Otterbring Tobias , Sigurdsson Valdimar , Gasiorowska Agata
Published: April 2021

Winter cues signal a scarcity of food. Birds and mammals respond to such environmental cues by consuming more energy. They convert this surplus into body fat that serves as a buffer against impending food shortages. Similarly, humans exhibit higher obesity rates among food-insecure populations. However, to date, it has been unclear whether winter cues qualitatively affect consumers’ food preferences. Results from five studies (N = 865), with one of them preregistered, show that watching videos depicting winter cues elicits thoughts about energy-dense foods and survival. Winter cues elicit higher preferences for energy-dense than low-calorie foods, with this effect likely being different for women and men. A meta-analysis corroborate this conclusion. Accordingly, our results support the evolutionary account postulating that humans have developed sex-specific responses to perceivable cues to food scarcity. As a result, winter cues induce people to favor products they deem higher in calories. Given the importance of limiting energy-dense food consumption for addressing environmental and public health issues, policymakers and marketers should be aware of this phenomenon when designing public communication campaigns.
Advantage versus disadvantage framing effects on preferences for redistributive policies
Authors: Howlett Shayna , Jarvis Shoshana N , Evers Ellen Riemke Katrien
Published: April 2021

Research suggests that framing inequality as a disadvantage for one individual, versus an advantage for another, increases support for inequality reduction. The present research explores this phenomenon in a series of 12 experiments presenting inequality in three domains. Based on previous findings we expected that participants who viewed inequality presented as a disadvantage for one person, rather than an advantage for another, would be more likely to acknowledge the negative effects of inequality and support efforts to reduce it. Additionally, self versus other effects, as well participant political orientation, were tested as potential moderators of these framing effects. Overall, these 12 experiments yielded mixed results, providing limited evidence for the effects of framing on endorsement of inequality and support for its reduction.
Are sex differences in human brain structure associated with sex differences in behaviour?
Authors: van Eijk Liza , Zhu Dajiang , Couvy-Duchesne Baptiste , Strike Lachlan T , Lee Anthony J , Hansell Narelle K , Thompson Paul , de Zubicaray Greig Ian , McMahon Katie Louise , Wright Margaret J. , Zietsch Brendan P.
Published: April 2021

On average, men and women differ in brain structure and behaviour, raising the possibility of a link between sex differences in brain and behaviour. But women and men are also subject to different societal and cultural norms. We navigated this challenge by investigating variability of sex-differentiated brain structure within each sex. Using data from the Queensland Twin IMaging study (N=1,040) and Human Connectome Project (N=1,113), we obtained data-driven measures of individual differences along a male-female dimension for brain and behaviour based on average sex differences in brain structure and behaviour, respectively. We found a weak association between these brain and behavioural differences, driven by brain size. These brain and behavioural differences were moderately heritable. Our findings suggest that behavioural sex differences are to some extent related to sex differences in brain structure, but that this is mainly driven by differences in brain size, and causality should be interpreted cautiously.
Probing Latent Interactions Estimated with a Residual Centering Approach
Authors: Pornprasertmanit Sunthud , Schoemann Alexander M. , Geldhof G. John , Little Todd D.
Published: April 2021

Understanding latent interactions is an important need for the structural equation modeler. Plotting and probing latent interactions, however, has not been well defined. We describe methods for plotting and probing two- and three-way latent interactions fit with a variety of approaches (LMS/QML, residual centering, double mean centering). The methods are demonstrated through a small simulation and examples based on existing data.
Gender as Embedded Social Cognition
Authors: Diekman Amanda , Schmader Toni
Published: April 2021

We examine gender as a cultural construct enacted through social cognitive processes that are embedded within the self, social interactions, and societal institutions. The embeddedness perspective elaborates how the binary gender categorization can create quite real gendered outcomes and experiences even if gender differences are not biologically essential. These categories take on a reality outside of the mind of perceivers because the meanings attached to gender categories are shared by others in the culture, enacted in social interactions, internalized into self-views, and maintained by social systems. Societal institutions explicitly and implicitly organize around gender, producing gendered norms, roles, and expectations. These norms, roles, and expectations shape the nature of interpersonal interactions both within and across gender lines and an individual’s self-selected experiences. Critically, these social interactions and personal choices in turn create behavioral and cognitive confirmation of the gendered expectations of others. Gendered expectations and experiences become internalized into the self, including one’s own self-concept and gender identity. We close by examining implications of this perspective for gender differences and similarities in social cognition, as well as malleability and stability in gender cognitions and outcomes.
Scars from a Previous Epidemic among White and Black Women: Social Proximity to Zika and Fertility Intentions During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marteleto Leticia , Dondero Molly , koepp Andrew
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to rises in morbidity and mortality, but its demographic consequences may not end there. Since the pandemic began, the public has experienced tremendous uncertainty and worry about SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially because scientific understanding of a novel disease takes time to develop and disseminate. During periods of extreme uncertainty and worry, people may revise their fertility intentions, drawing on their prior experiences during prior epidemics. To investigate this possibility, we examine whether women’s social proximity to Zika during the Zika epidemic predict their fertility intentions during the Covid-19 pandemic. We apply Structural Equation Models on unique microdata from 3,998 Brazilian women in Brazil, the country most affected by Zika, to understand whether a novel infectious disease outbreak left lasting imprints that shape fertility intentions during a subsequent novel infectious disease outbreak, the Covid-19 pandemic, and whether these scarring effects operate differently by race. Results demonstrate a scarring effect such that a woman’s social proximity to Zika directly predicts fertility intentions three years later, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, regardless of whether a woman herself had or suspected that she had Zika. Findings also show that Zika social proximity is associated with increased perceived risk of Covid-19 infection and worry about pregnancy and fetal complications from Covid-19. We also show that white and non-white women have scarred differently from the Zika epidemic. Broadly, our findings speak to the transformative consequences of novel infectious disease outbreaks that go beyond mortality and health.
Production Function and Robotization - How Can CES Technology Help?
Authors: Larbre Françoise
Published: April 2021

Depending on the workers qualification, the use of robots is perceived either as a helpful tool or as a competitor. We analyze the substitution of capital for labor, including the case where the product is entirely made by robots. We use CES production functions and their derived cost functions (the later being surprisingly missing in the literature). We focus on short-run and the case of an elasticity of substitution greater than 1. We highlight a level of product for which the cost is identical regardless of the factor used. As a joint product, we provide a foundation to cost functions exhibiting first increasing and then decreasing returns to scale (a so far missing justification to the usually assumed shape of cost functions).
Features of Inclusion Parents and Children with Autism Disorders in Productive Cooperative Activities
Authors: Shcherbakova Anna Mikhailovna , Vasil'kova Evgeniia Andreevna
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the problem of including a parent and a child with autism spectrum disorder in cooperative activities using the example of two families participating in the research. The theoretical foundations of this problem and the practical results obtained at the first stage of the study by questioning parents, and also by observing the cooperative productive activities of the child and the parent during the drawing lessons. The question of the importance of parental involvement in the child's rehabilitation process is considered.
Sitosterolemia: A Rare Case with Broad Implications
Authors: Seedat Zed
Published: April 2021

Sitosterolemia is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive dyslipidemia characterized by mutations in genes encoding the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5/8 transporters. We describe the case of a 20-month-old female presenting with xanthomas and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 657 mg/dL. Diagnostic workup revealed a previously undescribed sitosterolemia-causing mutation. After elimination of dietary sterols and initiation of ezetimibe therapy, the patient’s xanthomas resolved, and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced to 104 mg/dL. Importantly, pathologically elevated serum phytosterols were found in each of the proband’s heterozygous parents. Elevated phytosterols, an established cause of atherosclerosis, are typically unrevealed by standard lipid testing. As heterozygous mutations for ABCG5/8 are relatively common, this has implications for a broader population than the ultra-rare sitosterolemia cohort. Thus, insights gleaned from this case highlight underappreciated matters in the prevention of atherosclerotic disease in both heterozygous and homozygous carriers alike.
Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Fouzia Tebbani
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Anemia is a public health problem, prevalent among women of childbearing age. The aim was to determine the frequency of anemia in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy and to determine the associating factors in Algerian pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a prospective and longitudinal cohort study of 300 pregnant women from December 2013 to July 2016. All consenting women attending antenatal clinics and having undergone complete blood count (CBC) were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, individual’s obstetrical history and the results of the CBC were collected. Anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria. After some descriptive statistics, we performed a bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test in order to determine the factors associated with gestational anemia. Results: The rate of anemia was 28.0 % in the first trimester, 32.3 % in the second and 54.2 % in the third one. It was more frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between gestational anemia and socio-demographic factors. Women with inadequate gain were more anemic (p = 0.01). The average concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, VGM and platelets were lower in anemic pregnant women (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy remains high. A better management of chronic diseases in pregnant women and of postpartum follow-up is necessary to treat anemia before a subsequent pregnancy.
Identification of Key Candidate Genes and Pathways in Preterm Birth by Integrated Bioinformatical Analysis
Authors: Chen Aihua , Zheng Wen-Fei , Peng Pingping , Yuan Xiaoqing
Published: April 2021

Background: Preterm birth（PTB） is a primary cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, the pathogenic mechanisms of PTB still remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential key genes and pathway associated with PTB by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The GSE46510 dataset was obtained from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R software, the functional enrichment analysis was performed, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The network topology was analyzed using MCODE. Results: A total of 335 DEGs were identified from the dataset. The majority of up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in inflammatory response, while down-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in mitotic nuclear division. The top 5 hub up regulated genes were ITGAM, IL1B, ITGAX, NFKB1, and SOCS3. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, signaling by Interleukins. The top 5 hub down regulated genes were CXCR4, ANAPC10, ANAPC4, UBE2V2, UBA3, Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, Phosphorylation of the APC/C. Conclusion: Our study indicated genes and pathways in PTB by bioinformatics analysis, which may provide novel insights for unraveling pathogenesis of PTB.