bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Sustainability Potentials in Heat Treatment Processes
Authors: Scharf Stefan , Bergedieck Niklas , Riedel Eric , Richter Hans , Stein Norbert
Published: August 2020

Energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, environmental impact levels, and the availability of materials as well as their sustainable usage are all topics of high current interest. The energy intensive processes of casting production such as heat treatment are particularly affected by the pursuit of sustainability. It has been estimated that up to 20% of the total energy demand in a non-ferrous foundry is required to provide the heat energy necessary during heat treatment processes. This paper addresses the application-oriented development of a sustainable configuration of the heat treatment process at the example of the aluminium-casting alloy A356 (AlSi7Mg0.3). Based on calculations of the physically necessary operating modes and under investigation of previous parameter recommendations, experimental studies were carried out to investigate the effects of various heat treatment parameters on the ultimate mechanical properties of the alloy. Since the achievable mechanical properties of the finished casting are decisive, the static and dynamic casting properties resulting from the heat treatment with optimized process parameters were compared with those of conventional process control. Significant optimization potential is shown for reducing the treatment time and thus lowering the energy consumption.
A Meaningful Anthropocene?: Golden Spikes, Transitions, Boundary Objects, and Anthropogenic Seascapes
Authors: Braje Todd J. , Lauer Matthew
Published: August 2020

As the number of academic manuscripts explicitly referencing the Anthropocene increases, a theme that seems to tie them all together is the general lack of continuity on how we should define the Anthropocene. In an attempt to formalize the concept, the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) is working to identify, in the stratigraphic record, a Global Stratigraphic Section and Point (GSSP) or golden spike for a mid-twentieth century Anthropocene starting point. Rather than clarifying our understanding of the Anthropocene, we argue that the AWG’s effort to provide an authoritative definition undermines the original intent of the concept, as a call-to-arms for future sustainable management of local, regional, and global environments, and weakens the concept’s capacity to fundamentally reconfigure the established boundaries between the social and natural sciences. To sustain the creative and productive power of the Anthropocene concept, we argue that it is best understood as a “boundary object,” where it can be adaptable enough to incorporate multiple viewpoints, but robust enough to be meaningful within different disciplines. Here, we provide two examples from our work on the deep history of anthropogenic seascapes, which demonstrate the power of the Anthropocene to stimulate new thinking about the entanglement of humans and non-humans, and for building interdisciplinary solutions to modern environmental issues.
Sustainable Development in the Agri-Food Sector in Terms of the Carbon Footprint: A Review
Authors: Karwacka Magdalena , Ciurzyńska Agnieszka , Lenart Andrzej , Janowicz Monika
Published: August 2020

The concept of sustainable development is increasingly important in the agri-food sector and global economy. International activities are undertaken to improve the efficiency of industry by reducing its negative impact on the environment. To help determine harmful human activity, the environmental footprints of products and services are calculated using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The purpose of this article was to explain topics of sustainable development and environmental footprints, especially the carbon footprint in the agri-food sector, based on the latest literature. The agri-food industry consumes around 30% of global energy demand. It is also a source of emissions of a significant part of greenhouse gases released into the environment. The carbon footprint of food products is determined by many factors associated with their production. Food of animal origin is more harmful and has higher carbon footprints than plant-based products. GHG emission reduction is possible due to the use of renewable energy sources and the abandonment of the use of artificial fertilizers and plant protection products.
Future Design: Bequeathing Sustainable Natural Environments and Sustainable Societies to Future Generations
Authors: Saijo Tatsuyoshi
Published: August 2020

“Future Design,” a new movement among Japanese researchers and stakeholders, asks the following question: What types of social systems are necessary if we are to leave future generations sustainable environments and societies? Looking at the human activity impact on the global environment and society, I ask: Why is this society we live in generating a series of future failures that will cost future generations so much? I then argue that the source of such a society could be liberalism and that the market and democracy derived from it will not help avoid these future failures. To achieve this, one must design social systems that activate a human trait called futurability, where people experience an increase in happiness because of deciding and acting toward foregoing current benefits to enrich future generations. One method to study these is by employing “imaginary future generations”. Here, I present an overview of the theoretical background of this method, the results of relevant laboratory and field experiments, and the nature of relevant practical applications implemented in cooperation with several local governments.
Validating a Motivational Self-Guide Scale for Language Learners
Authors: Tseng Wen-Ta , Cheng Hsing-Fu , Gao Xuesong (Andy)
Published: August 2020

The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a new instrument that taps into learners’ self-image as a means of exploring language motivation, which plays a pivotal role in sustaining language learners’ efforts. A critical review of the literature revealed that the current measures of the second language (L2) self-guide instruments in language learning motivation research suffered from either under-representativeness of the ought-to L2 selfothers or weak validity of the ideal L2 selfown. Since multilingualism has become more salient in foreign language education, it was necessary to develop a measurement that could better reflect self-imagery which was both plausible and relevant in foreign language contexts. This study utilized four scales in total that tapped into the targeted latent constructs: ideal L2 selfown, ideal L2 selfothers, ought-to L2 selfown, and ought-to L2 selfothers. Two independent samples recruited from Taiwanese college students were employed in the study. After an item-pool was developed through interviewing and piloting, each subscale was comprised of 4 items, totaling 16 items for formal model testing. The formal model testing involved three phases. Phase I conducted an exploratory factor analysis to explore the possible dimensions using the first sample. Phase II proceeded with a series of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the eight hypothesized models using the second sample. Phase III also relied on the second sample and further examined the item fit performance by using the multidimensional Rasch model. The results of formal model testing confirmed the validity and reliability of a 4-factor correlated model, as well as the fit performance of the finalized scale items, and thus lent strong empirical support to Higgins’s theory regarding the inner structure of future self-guides. It is suggested that the new L2 self-guide scale can be adopted and applied to future L2 and languages other than English motivational research.
The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Guevara Leonardo , Auat Cheein Fernando
Published: August 2020

The new mobile technology, 5G, challenges the current scenario in communications by overcoming the flaws of currently working 4G. Such new technology offers to smart cities and intelligent transportation systems a new way to become fully integrated by allowing massive simultaneous connections and ubiquity of network, even under high mobility situations or dense populated areas. In this way, 5G will become a key enabler for real Internet of Things and its corresponding Internet of Vehicles. This discussion is aimed at providing, in a comprehensive manner, how 5G technology will impact on smart cities, intelligent transportation systems –including autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles– and vehicular communications, its technical, economic and legal challenges, in the following years.
Land Sparing Can Maintain Bird Diversity in Northeastern Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Akib , Girona Miguel Montoro , Grosbois Guillaume , Saha Narayan , Halim Md Abdul
Published: August 2020

One of humanity’s most significant challenges in the process of attaining the established sustainability goals is balancing the growing human demand for food and the need to conserve biodiversity. This challenge requires appropriate land uses that are able to conserve biodiversity while ensuring ample food supply. This study compares bird species diversity and abundance in areas undergoing land sharing and land sparing in northeastern Bangladesh (West Bhanugach Reserved Forest). Birds serve as useful biologic indicators because of their presence within different trophic levels and their well-studied ecology. To survey birds, we selected a total of 66 sampling sites within land-sharing (33) and land-sparing (33) land-use areas. Between May and June 2017, we observed and recorded bird calls within a 50-m radius around each sampling site. We counted 541 individuals from 46 species of birds. The Shannon bird diversity was higher in the land-sparing sites (1.52) than in the land-sharing sites (1.23). We found approximately 30% more bird species (39 vs. 30) and 40% more individuals (318 vs. 223) in the land-sparing areas than land-sharing areas. Three bird species, Arachnothera longirostra, Micropternus brachyurus and Copsychus malabaricus, were significantly associated with the land-sparing sites. This study shows that land sharing negatively affects bird diversity, richness and abundance compared to land-sparing. The use of chemical fertilizers and the lack of food, such as insects, for birds can explain the lower diversity, richness and abundance of birds in the land-sharing areas. Although land sharing is an effective means of producing food, land sparing is the most effective land-use practice for preserving bird diversity in northeastern Bangladesh.
Household Perceptions and Practices of Recycling Tree Debris from Residential Properties
Authors: Schmitt-Harsh Mikaela L. , Wiseman Eric
Published: August 2020

Thousands of trees are lost in urbanizing areas of Virginia each year to land development, storms, and pests. As a result, large amounts of tree debris, much of which could be suitable for high-value wood products, are flowing from Virginia’s urban forests annually. Finding cost-effective, sustainable strategies for recycling this debris, particularly into durable wood products that keep carbon stored, could benefit the local economy and the local environment throughout the state. To inform outreach and technical assistance efforts of multiple groups across the state, a survey study was conducted in the City of Harrisonburg to determine household perceptions and practices of tree debris recycling. A random sample of owner-occupied, single-family dwellings was contacted using a mixed-mode survey approach to determine why and how trees were removed from the properties in the past and how the debris was disposed of or recycled. Survey responses were received from 189 households, with survey responses pointing toward a strong community sentiment for trees and their care. Nearly all respondents agreed that wood from street trees, park trees, and other neighborhood trees should be recycled into products rather than disposed of in a landfill; however, the majority of households do not currently recycle woody debris from trees removed on these properties. The three most important factors that would facilitate future participation in tree recycling include timely removal of the wood, free curbside pick-up of the wood, and knowledge of who to contact to handle the wood. Overall, these results point to household interest and willingness to participate in wood recycling programs given appropriate information to guide their decisions and local services to facilitate transfer of wood to the municipality or commercial woodworkers. This suggests a need for greater availability of neighborhood or municipal wood recycling programs, ideally coupled with greater education and outreach about the economic and environmental benefits of recovering and utilizing wood from felled trees.
Contrasting Patterns of Microbial Communities in Glacier Cryoconite of Nepali Himalaya and Greenland, Arctic
Authors: Singh Purnima , Tsuji Masaharu , Singh Shiv Mohan , Takeuchi Nozomu
Published: August 2020

To understand the microbial composition and diversity patterns, cryoconite granules were collected from two geographical areas, i.e., Nepali Himalaya and Greenland, Arctic. 16S rRNA, ITS and the D1/D2 domain sequencing techniques were used for characterization of microbial communities of the four glaciers. The total 13 species of bacteria such as Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus simplex, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Cryobacterium luteum, Cryobacterium psychrotolerans, Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis, Glaciihabitans tibetensis, Leifsonia kafniensis, Paracoccus limosus, Polaromonas glacialis, Sporosarcina globispora, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Variovorax ginsengisoli, and 4 species of fungi such as Goffeauzyma gilvescens, Mrakia robertii, Dothideomycetes sp., Helotiales sp. were recorded from Nepali Himalaya. Among these, 12 species of bacteria and 4 species of fungi are new contributions to Himalaya. In contrast to this, six species of bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Cryobacterium psychrotolerans, Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, Glaciihabitans tibetensis, Subtercola frigoramans, and nine species of fungi such as Goffeauzyma gilvescens, Mrakia robertii, Naganishia vaughanmartiniae, Piskurozyma fildesensis, Rhodotorula svalbardensis, Alatospora acuminata, Articulospora sp., Phialophora sp., Thelebolus microspores, and Dothideomycetes sp.), were recorded from Qaanaaq, Isunnguata Sermia and Thule glaciers, Greenland. Among these, five species of bacteria and seven species of fungi are new contributions to Greenland cryoconite. Microbial analyses indicate that the Nepali Himalayan cryoconite colonize higher numbers of microbial species compared to the Greenland cryoconite.
Development of Design Considerations as a Sustainability Approach for Military Protective Structures: A Case Study of Artillery Fighting Position in South Korea
Authors: Kim Kukjoo , Park Youngjun
Published: August 2020

Republic of Korea (ROK) military installations are scattered across South Korea, but there is a higher concentration of fortifications in the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and eastern and western coastlines. These facilities range from relatively small structures, such as individual and artillery fighting positions, to large buildings, such as ammunition depots and command posts. These military installations have a significant thickness of concrete members to provide a high degree of protection against bombs and projectiles. The Korean military will carry out the integration and dismantling of these protection facilities over the next ten years through the Army transformation plan. Such large-scale construction projects have an impact on the environment in terms of the carbon footprint, because building construction and operations account for 36% of the world’s energy use and 40% of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It is very important to reduce the concrete materials and reinforcement steel during protective structure construction near the DMZ, which is now recognized as one of the most well-preserved areas in the world. In this study, new sustainable design considerations that allow elasto-plastic or plastic design of concrete elements were evaluated using a case study of an artillery fighting position. The new sustainable design considerations were developed on the basis of mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time and civil considerations (METT + TC) within the context of the current battle situation, as well as protection against near misses. From this study, it was found that new sustainable design considerations provide a reasonable degree of protection that permits good construction practices and maximum structural stability with minimum amount of materials. It was also found that if the new design procedure is used to replace 1000 artillery positions through the Army transformation plan, the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 476,582.4 tons and the cost reduced by USD 23,829,120.
The Sustainability of International Accreditations and Their Impact on Students’ Choices in Selecting the Universities
Authors: Fleșeriu Cristina , Duma Florin Sebastian , Nistor Ioan Alin , Păun Dragoș
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the current article is to determine the sustainability of international accreditations for business schools. As international accreditations are viewed as a costly process, universities must think if this endeavor could have a positive impact in the long run. From an impact point of view, we look at the intake of students, focusing on the factors that impact the decision of students in their choice of university. We have noticed that these international accreditations are pursued by business schools to increase their outreach and to receive a certification of quality that is recognized overseas. We consider the hypothesis that international accreditation is a key factor in the decision-making process of candidates, and we tested it by applying a questionnaire to 400 business and economics students that are studying in two business schools. From the 400 students that answered the questionnaire, only 199 responses were considered fully answered and proper for our study. Our results show that there is a difference between French and Romanian students in the choice of universities. While both groups agree that internationalization is important, their decisions are based on different elements. Our research is among the few that look both at the student choice and at the impact of the international accreditation on the student numbers.
WGV: Quantifying Mains Water Savings in a Medium Density Infill Residential Development
Authors: Byrne Joshua , Taylor Mark , Wheeler Tom , Breadsell Jessica K.
Published: August 2020

The development called the ‘WGV precinct’ is a 2.2 ha medium density residential urban infill development in the Fremantle suburb of White Gum Valley, Western Australia. It was delivered by DevelopmentWA, the State Government development agency. DevelopmentWA and the project’s consultant team designed the WGV precinct to be an exemplar of urban water management in this type of development. Working within commercial constraints, the team established strategies to achieve ambitious reductions in mains water consumption compared to a business-as-usual approach. This paper discusses the process of establishing the precinct’s water related technologies and design features, a valuable case study in demonstrating water innovations in residential developments. Monitoring and transparently reporting on the real-world performance of the project is a key element. A comprehensive metering and data gathering system was put in place, which continues collecting data as the WGV precinct becomes increasingly established. Based on the design water strategies and early stage modelling, a target of 60–70% mains water reduction against the suburban average was set. The measured performance shows that a 65% reduction has been achieved. Barriers and constraints were observed that, if resolved, indicate that more ambitious targets can be considered for future projects. The paper includes discussion of opportunities for further work and compares some basic project qualities and outcomes to two other Australian residential development projects that had reduction in mains water consumption as an explicit objective.
Creative Food Cycles: A Cultural Approach to the Food Life-Cycles in Cities
Authors: Navarro Gausa Manuel , Pericu Silvia , Canessa Nicola , Tucci Giorgia
Published: August 2020

The new contemporary multi-city needs the landscape as a proactive eco-systemic infrastructure in order to rethink the whole food system, from the design of public spaces to domestic spaces. In this direction, Creative Food Cycles (CFC) is an EU project that, according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), addresses the topic of food as a cross-cutting factor and powerful accelerator toward the co-design of sustainability in cities. Design culture today has begun to question and innovate production, distribution, and recycling models of food cycles. In the post-consumption and disposal phase illustrated herein, making the most of food means conceiving waste as a resource for the creation of new sustainable materials or prototypes. The concept of food waste and food losses has been shown to be not only a topic at the center of the debate but also a powerful tool for raising awareness of sustainable development at the community level. The CFC actions shown here were developed with the objective of persuading consumers to change their behaviors, while at the same time exploring cultural and social perceptions. With the aim of making cities more sustainable, this paper describes tools to engage different stakeholders, such as architects, product designers, and citizens, from a cultural point of view. The ongoing research has turned in the end into an educational campaign and an open platform where prototypes, new materials, and products are developed as inspiration for change.
Occupational Exposure to Mycotoxins—Different Sampling Strategies Telling a Common Story Regarding Occupational Studies Performed in Portugal (2012–2020)
Authors: Viegas Susana , Viegas Carla , Martins Carla , Assunção Ricardo
Published: August 2020

In occupational settings where exposure to organic dust occurs (e.g., intensive animal production, waste management, farming and many others) workers can also be exposed to mycotoxins. However, recognizing exposure to mycotoxins in workplace environments does not happen commonly and, consequently, remains as a not identified occupational risk factor. In the last decade, work developed in different occupational settings, using different sampling approaches reported that occupational exposure to mycotoxins occurs and it’s of upmost importance to be seen as an occupational concern that needs to be tackled. This paper intends to discuss the several possibilities available for assessing and characterizing the occupational exposure to mycotoxins through the description of the advantages and limitations of the different sampling strategies. Overviewing the approaches and the main achievements used in several field campaigns developed in Portugal, the knowledge obtained will be used to support the identification of the main aspects to consider when designing new occupational studies. The need for additional research work will also be discussed where new directions to follow will be debated.
Cannabinoid-Induced Immunomodulation during Viral Infections: A Focus on Mitochondria
Authors: Beji Cherifa , Loucif Hamza , Telittchenko Roman , Olagnier David , Dagenais-Lussier Xavier , van Grevenynghe Julien
Published: August 2020

This review examines the impact of cannabinoids on viral infections, as well as its effects on the mitochondria of the nervous and immune system. The paper conveys information about the beneficial and negative impacts of cannabinoids on viral infections, especially HIV-1. These include effects on the inflammatory response as well as neuroprotective effects. We also explore non-apoptotic mitochondrial pathways modulated by the activity of cannabinoids, resulting in modifications to cellular functions. As a large part of the literature derives from studies of the nervous system, we first compile the information related to mitochondrial functions in this system, particularly through the CB1 receptor. Finally, we reflect on how this knowledge could complement what has been demonstrated in the immune system, especially in the context of the CB2 receptor and Ca2+ uptake. The overall conclusion of the review is that cannabinoids have the potential to affect a broad range of cell types through mitochondrial modulation, be it through receptor-specific action or not, and that this pathway has a potential implication in cases of viral infection.
Genetic and Antigenic Characterization and Retrospective Surveillance of Bovine Influenza D Viruses Identified in Hokkaido, Japan from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Hayakawa Jun , Masuko Tomomi , Takehana Tae , Suzuki Tohru
Published: August 2020

Influenza D virus (IDV), which is a new member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, is potentially involved in bovine respiratory diseases (BRDs). Bovine IDVs (BIDVs) from Japan have been distributed nationwide since 2010 and are genetically distinct from foreign IDVs. We isolated BIDVs from three BRD outbreaks, in Hokkaido during 2018–2020, to understand their genetic and antigenic characteristics. Retrospective surveillance was performed using sera collected throughout the last decade in Hokkaido to investigate BIDV existence. Three BIDVs were isolated using cell culture. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses using sequence data of the three BIDVs and IDVs from Japan and other countries available in GenBank demonstrated that Japanese BIDVs, including the three BIDV isolates, were genetically distinct from other IDVs. Genotype classifications based on the rotavirus genotype classification revealed multiple genotypes of RNA segments 1–7. Two BIDVs were of a new genotype, different from those of other Japanese BIDVs. Neutralization assays against two BIDVs with different genotypes using sera collected in acute and recovery phases of BRD revealed differences in cross-reactivity to heterogenous BIDVs. Retrospective surveillance suggested that BIDV existed in Hokkaido, in 2009. Our findings suggest that BIDVs of different genotypes and antigenicity are distributed and maintained in Hokkaido and provide new insights into molecular characteristics and the evolution of IDVs.
Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia
Authors: Dharmayanti Ni Luh Putu Indi , Indriani Risa , Nurjanah Diana
Published: August 2020

Vaccination is one of the leading methods of controlling the spread of the Avian Influenza (AI) viruses in Indonesia. The variety of circulating viruses and their ability to mutate must be followed by updating the vaccine master seed used in the field. In this study, we identified the reassortant H9N2 viruses in chicken farms that showed significant problems in decreased egg production with high mortality. The reassortant H9N2 viruses derived the PB2 gene from the H5N1 virus. The pathogenicity test results of the reassortant virus showed various clinical signs of illness, a high mortality rate (10%), and decreased egg production down to 63.12% at two weeks post-infection. In a vaccine efficacy test, the vaccinated groups showed minimally decreased egg production that started to increase to more than 80% at 4–7 weeks post-challenge. Our study showed that inactivated bivalent and monovalent reassortant H9N2 vaccines can induce antibody response, reducing the mortality and virus shedding caused by reassortant H9N2 virus infection. The reassortant H9N2 virus is a threat that requires vigilance in poultry farms and the industry. The vaccines used in this study can be one of the options for control or prevention measures on farms infected with the reassortant H9N2 viruses.
Classification of Hydraulic Jump in Rough Beds
Authors: Mahtabi Ghorban , Chaplot Barkha , Azamathulla Hazi Mohammad , Pal Mahesh
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a classification using a decision tree algorithm of hydraulic jump over rough beds based on the approach Froude number, Fr1. Specifically, 581 datasets, from literature, were analyzed. Of these, 280 datasets were for natural rough beds and 301 were for artificial rough beds. The said dataset was divided into four classes based on the energy losses. To compare the performance of the decision tree classifier (J48), a multi-layer neural network (NN) was used. The results suggest an improved performance in terms of classification accuracy by the J48 algorithm in comparison to the NN classifier. Furthermore, the classifier model had only four leaves and achieved an accuracy of 91.56%. Furthermore, classification results showed that the first class (A) of hydraulic jump over the rough beds is approximately similar to that for the smooth bed. Moreover, in the next three classes (B, C, and D), upper values of Fr1 decreased with respect to the smooth bed classes. Lastly, in class D, the upper value of Fr1 reduced to 7.45, which indicates that the shear stress (i.e., the energy loss) grows sharply with increasing Fr1. Put simply, bed roughness effectively increases the energy dissipation with an increase in the Fr1.
Electro-Oxidation of Humic Acids Using Platinum Electrodes: An Experimental Approach and Kinetic Modelling
Authors: Salvestrini Stefano , Fenti Angelo , Chianese Simeone , Iovino Pasquale , Musmarra Dino
Published: August 2020

Humic acids (HA) are a potential hazard to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Because biological treatment of contaminated water does not satisfactorily remove these pollutants, novel approaches are under evaluation. This work explores electrochemical oxidation of HA in aqueous solution in a lab-scale apparatus using platinum-coated titanium electrodes. We evaluated the effects of HA concentration, current density, chloride concentration and ionic strength on the rate of HA oxidation. The initial reaction rate method was used for determining the rate law of HA degradation. The results showed that the reaction rate was first-order relative to HA concentration, chloride concentration and current density. An appreciable effect of ionic strength was also observed, most likely due to the polyanionic character of HA. We propose a kinetic model that satisfactorily fits the experimental data.
Determination of Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of California Date Palms Using the Residual of Energy Balance Approach
Authors: Montazar Aliasghar , Krueger Robert , Corwin Dennis , Pourreza Alireza , Little Cayle , Rios Sonia , Snyder Richard L.
Published: August 2020

As water scarcity becomes of greater concern in arid and semi-arid regions due to altered weather patterns, greater and more accurate knowledge regarding evapotranspiration of crops produced in these areas is of increased significance to better manage limited water resources. This study aimed at determining the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and crop coefficients (Ka) in California date palms. The residual of energy balance method using a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance techniques was applied to measure ETa in six commercial mature date palm orchards (8–22 years old) over one year. The experimental orchards represent various soil types and conditions, irrigation management practices, canopy characteristics, and the most common date cultivars in the region. The results demonstrated considerable variability in date palm consumptive water use, both spatially and temporally. The cumulative ETa (CETa) across the six sites ranged from 1299 to 1501 mm with a mean daily ETa of 7.2 mm day−1 in June–July and 1.0 mm day−1 in December at the site with the highest crop water consumption. The mean monthly Ka values varied between 0.63 (December) and 0.90 (June) in the non-salt-affected, sandy loam soil date palms with an average density of 120 plants ha−1 and an average canopy cover and tree height of more than 80% and 11.0 m, respectively. However, the values ranged from 0.62 to 0.75 in a silty clay loam saline-sodic date palm orchard with 55% canopy cover, density of 148 plants ha−1, and 7.3 m tree height. Inverse relationships were derived between the CETa and soil salinity (ECe) in the crop root zone; and between the mean annual Ka and ECe. This information addresses the immediate needs of date growers for irrigation management in the region and enables them to more efficiently utilize water and to achieve full economic gains in a sustainable manner, especially as water resources become less available or more expensive.
Revealing the reality of undergraduate GP teaching in UK medical curricula: a cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Cottrell Emily , Alberti Hugh , Rosenthal Joe , Pope Lindsey , Thompson Trevor
Published: August 2020

Background

Time in general practice offers medical students opportunities to learn a breadth of clinical knowledge and skills relevant to their future clinical practice. Undergraduate experiences shape career decisions and current recommendations are that 25% of undergraduate curriculum time should be focused on general practice. However, previous work demonstrated that GP teaching had plateaued or reduced in UK medical schools. Therefore, an up-to-date description of undergraduate GP teaching is timely.

Aim

To describe the current picture of UK undergraduate GP teaching, including the amount of time and resources allocated to GP teaching.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional questionnaire study across 36 UK medical schools.

Method

The questionnaire was designed based on a previous survey performed in 2011–2013, with additional questions on human and financial support allocated to GP teaching. The questionnaire was piloted and revised prior to distribution to leads of undergraduate GP teaching in UK medical schools.

Results

The questionnaire response rate was 100%. GP teaching constituted an average of 9.2% of medical curricula; this was lower than previous figures, though the actual number of GP sessions has remained static. The majority (n = 23) describe plans to increase GP teaching in their local curricula over the next 5 years. UK-wide average payment was 55.60 GBP/student/session of in-practice teaching, falling well below estimated costs to practices. Allocation of human resources was varied.

Conclusion

Undergraduate GP teaching provision has plateaued since 2000 and falls short of national recommendations. Chronic underinvestment in GP teaching persists at a time when teaching is expected to increase. Both aspects need to be addressed to facilitate high-quality undergraduate GP teaching and promotion of the expert medical generalist role.
A inserção da agroecologia em um novo sistema alimentar pós COVID-19
Authors: Silva João Henrique Constantino Sales , Barbosa Alex da Silva
Published: August 2020

A lógica do atual sistema alimentar tem sido incapaz de gerar saúde respeitando os limites do planeta. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão acerca da inserção da agroecologia em um novo sistema alimentar pautado na construção de sociedades sustentáveis em tempos de crise ambiental e de saúde global. A pandemia provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 está profundamente associada com a ruptura ecológica produzida pelo sistema convencional de produção de alimentos. A atual crise mundial ressalta a necessidade de um sistema agroalimentar mais sustentável, e a agroecologia, que além de atender as demandas das famílias rurais, garantindo benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais, também se apresenta como solução viável para atender as demandas urbanas.
Os "erres" pós pandemia: princípios para sustentabilidade e cidadania
Authors: Antiqueira Lia Maris Orth Ritter , Sekine Elizabete Satsuki
Published: August 2020

Enquanto a ciência busca por uma vacina para a COVID-19 e o controle da pandemia, é preciso pensar em ações de curto, médio e longo prazo que se iniciam hoje, com o olhar voltado para o futuro. Ações de ordem prática que envolvem o ensino remoto temporário e a posterior segurança do contato social nas escolas, a diminuição da produção de resíduos, a reorganização da economia, dentre outras questões que acabam por se organizar como princípios de sustentabilidade e cidadania. É imperativo que todos os setores da sociedade se mobilizem e tomem iniciativas em prol de um futuro comum.
Educação Ambiental para além da pandemia: aprendizados decoloniais com outras comunidades e com outras pedagogias
Authors: Vieira Fábio Pessoa
Published: August 2020

Para a compreensão de uma multiplicidade de espaços sustentáveis existentes no mundo, apresento uma Educação Ambiental que se alicerça em outras pedagogias presentes em comunidades tradicionais. Ao ter como suporte a noção de envolvimento ambiental e o Bem Viver, lanço mão da decolonialidade visando me atualizar perante a crise mundial de saúde, decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19, no que se refere à outras possibilidades de atuação como educador ambiental. Os resultados criam condições para os educadores ambientais compreenderem, outras relações humanas com os pares e com o ambiente. Relações vinculadas e enraizadas com à Terra e que se constituem como um forte elemento formativo para a Educação Ambiental.
Contribuições da Educação Ambiental para mudanças socioambientais que contribuam no enfrentamento da pandemia
Authors: Imperador Adriana Maria , Botezelli Luciana , Riondet-Costa Daniela Rocha Teixeira
Published: August 2020

O mundo vive um momento ímpar nas relações humanas quando comparado às últimas décadas. Sistemas econômicos e sociais estão sendo colocados à prova diante da nova realidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir, tendo como pano de fundo a pandemia, acerca das mudanças comportamentais da sociedade e tratar de alguns reflexos socioeconômicos e ambientais nos pequenos arranjos econômicos locais. Percebe-se que há diversas mudanças positivas, mesmo tendo como motivador algo negativo como a pandemia, mas continuam persistindo comportamentos negativos. Espera-se que as novas construções benéficas sejam mantidas na sociedade pós-pandemia e um dos instrumentos para tal é a Educação Ambiental.
Unidades de Conservação: uma reconexão com a natureza, pós COVID-19
Authors: Silva-Melo Marta Regina da , Melo Gleidson André Pereira de , Guedes Neiva Maria Robaldo
Published: August 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a importância das Unidades de Conservação como espaços de reconexão com a natureza, pós-COVID-19. Os procedimentos que orientaram o estudo contribuíram com a fase descritiva dos fenômenos e sua relação com a necessidade de aprimorar tendências biofílicas. A partir de um amostra aleatória não-probabilista, os resultados apontaram que ambientes naturais são capazes de proporcionar sensação de bem-estar, após a pandemia do novo coronavírus. Diante de um novo “normal,” as Unidades de Conservação se notabilizam como espaços naturais importantes para amenizarem os efeitos da ansiedade e estresse causados pela COVID-19.
Reflexões sobre a Educação Ambiental quanto a formação do professor pedagogo no contexto de pandemia: contribuições para o fortalecimento da justiça social e ambiental
Authors: Pires Elocir Aparecida Corrêa , Costa Eliane Picão da Silva , Pacanhela Fabiane Borges , Moreira Ana Lúcia Olivo Rosas
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões em relação à pandemia do coronavírus (COVID- 19) em nível mundial e nacional e analisa as ações que estão sendo tomadas pelos governantes para a mitigação desse problema. Considerando que a preocupação ambiental é um tema transversal, o objetivo dessa investigação foi refletir sobre a formação do educador ambiental no processo formativo do Pedagogo, por meio de uma análise nas Diretrizes Curriculares do curso de Pedagogia e do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) de uma Instituição pública de Ensino Superior, localizada no oeste do Paraná. Dessa forma, observou-se que muitos desafios emergem neste cenário da pandemia quanto à formação e a prática docente do pedagogo.
Effects of atrovastatin on concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A- reductase (HMG-CoA-R), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sortilin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetics
Authors: Nosrati Andevari Ali , Moein Soheila , Qujeq Durdi , Moazezi Zoleikha , Hajian Tilaki Karimollah
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Atorvastatin hinders cardiovascular disease by reducing cholesterol levels. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) enhances the secretion of insulin by binding to LDL receptor. Sortilin is committed in the transfer of intracellular proteins through the plasma membrane. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of atorvastatin consumption on alterations in the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R), PCSK9 and sortilin in diabetic patients and pre-diabetics. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 80 individuals including normal subjects, diabetic patients and pre-diabetics. The participated individuals were divided as control group (i) (healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus), diabetic group receiving statin (ii), diabetic group not receiving statin (iii), pre-diabetic group receiving statin (iv) and pre-diabetic group not receiving statin (v). Levels of HMG-COA-R, PCSK9 and sortilin were determined by ELISA method. Results: In diabetics and pre-diabetics taking atorvastatin, the level of HMG-COA-R was not altered significantly compared to diabetics and pre-diabetics not taking atorvastatin, respectively (P> 0.05). The serum PCSK9 level in diabetics and pre-diabetics was significantly higher than the healthy individuals (P= 0.001). Additionally, the serum PCSK9 level in diabetics and pre-diabetics receiving atorvastatin was significantly higher than diabetics and pre-diabetics not receiving atorvastatin, respectively (P=0.001). The serum sortilin level in diabetics and pre-diabetics was significantly higher than the healthy individuals (P=0.001). In addition, the serum sortilin level in pre-diabetics receiving atorvastatin was significantly higher than pre-diabetics not receiving atorvastatin (P=0.001). Conclusion: Atorvastatin improved insulin secretion and sensitivity by increasing serum sortilin and PCSK9 levels. Thereby, it prevented the development of diabetes in diabetics and the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes in pre-diabetics.
Ações Intersetoriais no Planejamento Político em Esporte, Lazer, Cultura e Turismo na Gestão Municipal de Ilhéus-BA
Authors: Silva Dirceu Santos , Avila Marco Aurelio , Santos Marcel Ivan dos , Borges Carlos Nazareno Ferreira
Published: August 2020

O artigo buscou compreender os processos de gestão pública e planejamento em esporte, lazer, cultura e turismo no município de Ilhéus-BA, com foco na intersetorialidade e envolvimento da comunidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, que foi dividida em três etapas: levantamento bibliográfico; análise documental; e, por último foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete gestores do poder público municipal. Para tabulação dos dados, a técnica utilizada foi à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados pontuaram que as políticas públicas implementadas apresentam incipientes articulações intersetoriais, atestando ainda, o pouco envolvimento da comunidade. Logo, as ações não estão adequadas às novas formas de gestão pública e os planejamentos ocorrem de forma superficial.
Atividades Lúdicas e Esportivas Desenvolvidas em Instituições de Educação Não Formal
Authors: Natali Paula Marçal , Paula Ercília Maria Angeli Teixeira de
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho apresenta reflexões de adolescentes institucionalizados em relação às atividades lúdicas e esportivas desenvolvidas em projetos de Educação Não Formal de duas instituições da cidade de Maringá-PR. Na constituição do referencial teórico desta pesquisa foi utilizada a multirreferencialidade de Macedo (2000). Na pesquisa de campo foi adotada a técnica de grupo focal com os adolescentes das instituições. Nas transcrições e análises das falas dos adolescentes, eles atribuíam funções e conteúdos sobre a forma como as atividades lúdicas e esportivas eram realizadas nestes locais. Nestas falas foi possível observar que, nas duas instituições, existia uma forte preocupação com o preparo dos adolescentes para o mercado de trabalho e que as atividades lúdicas e esportivas não eram prioritárias. Elas eram consideradas como ocupação do tempo livre e controle disciplinar. Entendemos que estas atividades são manifestações culturais que precisam ser compreendidas em suas possibilidades e contradições. Para tanto, consideramos a reflexão sobre as atividades lúdicas e esportivas nas instituições de Educação Não Formal como um desafio a ser problematizado e discutido de forma mais aprofundada nas universidades e instituições do Terceiro Setor.
Tantangan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia pada Era Globalisasi
Authors: Ahdar  , Musyarif
Published: August 2020

Globalization has brought about the transformation of social life in various segments. Open territoriality between countries by information and communication technology. This has implications for the dimension of life especially in the existence and projection of Islamic education. Islamic education faces multidimensional and complex challenges such as technology, ideology, social, cultural, economic and political. Other challenges are professionalism, integrity, solidarity and vision. Present and future educational solutions with increased human resources include the ability to give birth to humans who can contribute to national development; the ability to produce human beings who can appreciate, enjoy and maintain the results of development, and the ability to produce humanitarian and humanitarian processes continuously towards a nation that is just and wise. Islamic education provides an effective and efficient solution in managing the social life system in the midst of multidimensional globalization.
Substansi Evaluasi Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Rahayu Fitriani
Published: August 2020

Pendidikan Islam bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi fitrah yang ada pada diri manusia untuk menjadi insan kamil. Sehingga semua komponen yang ada dalam pendidikan haruslah sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan islam. Untuk mengetahui tercapai atau tidaknya tujuan tersebut, dibutuhkan evaluasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literature dengan mengkaji beberapa buku dan pemikiran tokoh, peneliti akan membahas lebih dalam tentang evaluasi pendidikan islam baik secara epistimologi, terminology, aksiologi, dan ontology. Evaluasi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dan kelemahan suatu proses pendidikan Islam, yang mencangkup seluruh komponen yang ada didalammnya untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam proses pelaksanaannya evaluasi harus menerapkan beberapa prinsip, tekhik dan prosedur yang harus di ikuti demi baiknya hasil yang akan didapatkan.
Arah Pendidikan Islam dan Penetrasi Ideologi Non Islam
Authors: Muhammad Saleh
Published: August 2020

Dalam upaya merekonstruksi kebangkitan suatu masyarakat, negara, bahkan peradaban umat manusia, keberadaan ideologi merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang menentukan kebangkitan dan pembentukan peradaban tersebut. Saat ini kehidupan kaum muslimin di berbagai negeri tengah didera oleh ideologi kapitalisme maupun sosialisme-komunisme, tidak terkecuali dengan Indonesia.