bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic management of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures following liver transplantation: Long‐term results from a single‐center experience
Authors: Barbaro Federico , Tringali Andrea , Larghi Alberto , Baldan Anna , Onder Graziano , Familiari Pietro , Boškoski Ivo , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Studies on endoscopic treatment of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (NABS) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are scanty and with a short follow‐up. The long‐term results of endoscopic treatment with plastic stents of NABS following OLT were analyzed.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of consecutive enrolled patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for NABS after OLT between 1997 and 2015. Endoscopic treatment success was defined as stricture resolution, without recurrence.

Results

During the study period, 33 patients with NABS underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in our center. A total of 68 ERCP were performed with a 4.4% of procedure‐related adverse events. Mortality related to cholangitis secondary to endoscopic procedures was 12%. After median follow‐up of 70.3 months from stents removal, NABS resolution was obtained in 12 out of 24 (50%) patients. Only one case of late NABS recurrence was observed which was successfully retreated endoscopically. According to our data analysis NABS occurring <12 months from OLT showed a worse prognosis (P < 0.04).

Conclusions

The follow‐up of this study confirms that endoscopic treatment of NABS is unsatisfactory. However, patients who respond to endoscopic treatment maintain the response over time. Prompt treatment of acute cholangitis due to stents occlusion is advised in these patients to avoid high mortality rates.
Morphine use in the neonatal period and later neuropsychological development: a systematic review
Authors: Gao Haixia , Gao Honglian , Li Mei , Zhang Hua , Wang Danwen , Wang Bin
Published: October 2020

Aim

To identify and evaluate the evidence documenting the association between neonatal morphine and later childhood neuropsychological development.

Method

We conducted a systematic literature search of eight electronic databases from inception until June 2019. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies recruiting neonates who received morphine treatment, and measuring neuropsychological development outcomes with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months.

Results

Twelve separate reports from three RCTs and five cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Owing to the small number of the included trials and the variable study designs, a meta‐analysis was not performed. The findings from this review indicated that neonatal morphine use had no adverse effects on behaviour, cognition, motor, and executive function development at 8 to 9 years and earlier; except for the inconsistent conclusions on internalizing behavioural problems at 5 to 7 years and cognitive and motor developments at 18 months.

Interpretation

Why a child needs morphine may have a more profound impact on later neuropsychological development than morphine itself. The small number, high heterogeneity, and limitations of the included studies limit confidence in the result of this systematic review.

What this paper adds

Randomized controlled trials indicate that neonatal morphine had no adverse effect on later neuropsychological development.

Cohort studies suggest that neonatal morphine might be associated with poorer motor and cognitive development.

Cohort studies also suggest that neonatal morphine might be associated with more internalizing behavioural problems.
Skin autofluorescence in people with type 1 diabetes and people without diabetes: An eight‐decade cross‐sectional study with evidence of accelerated aging and associations with complications
Authors: Januszewski A. S. , Xu D. , Cho Y. H. , Benitez‐Aguirre P. Z. , O’Neal D. N. , Craig M. E. , Donaghue K. C. , Jenkins A. J.
Published: October 2020

Aim

To measure skin autofluorescence in youth (<18 y.o.) and adults (≥18 y.o.) and to assess its relationship with type 1 diabetes, chronic complications and smoking.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study (n = 383) skin autofluorescence was measured in 269 people with type 1 diabetes (67 with vascular complications) and 114 people without diabetes, covering eight decades of age. Associations of skin autofluorescence with demographics and traditional risk factors were assessed.

Results

Skin autofluorescence increased with age in people with diabetes: for those with complications it increased by a mean ± se of 0.029 ± 0.003 arbitrary units per year (r = 0.76) and, for those without complications, it increased by 0.028 ± 0.002 arbitrary units (r = 0.77). These increases were higher than for people without diabetes, whose skin autofluorescence increased by 0.022 ± 0.002 arbitrary units (r = 0.78) per year (p = 0.004). Mean ±se age‐adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in people with diabetes complications vs people without diabetes complications (1.85 ± 0.04 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 arbitrary units) and people without diabetes (1.48 ± 0.03 arbitrary units; all P < 0.0001). Age‐adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in current smokers and recent ex‐smokers vs non‐smokers and longer‐term ex‐smokers (1.86 ± 0.06 vs 1.63 ± 0.02 arbitrary units; P = 0.0005). Skin autofluorescence area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.94) for retinopathy and 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.65) for nephropathy.

Conclusions

Skin autofluorescence increases with age, but faster in people with diabetes, particularly in those with complications and in smokers, consistent with accelerated aging. Skin autofluorescence may facilitate complication screening and prediction. Longitudinal studies are merited.
Male orientation on vocalization perches could optimize acoustic signal transmission in anurans
Authors: Sandoval Luis , Barrantes Gilbert , Protti‐Sánchez Francesca , García‐Rodríguez Adrián
Published: October 2020

Acoustic signals are distorted by vegetation, wind currents, or other sounds when transmitted through the environment. Consequently, vocalizations with features that optimize sound transmission or behaviors that improve the efficacy of communication have evolved in many animal species. Among behavioral strategies, some species call from perches above the ground to increase the propagation distance of their acoustic signals. However, the orientation in the perch also influences the transmission of the vocalizations, so that frogs calling from different orientations (i.e., horizontal, upward, or downward) may affect differently the quality and efficacy of sound transmission. We implemented a sound transmission experiment to test for the effect of calling orientation (upward, downward, and horizontal) and distance on the attenuation and degradation of advertisement calls in the common dink frog Diasporus diastema. We broadcasted and re‐recorded advertisement calls at 2 m height, setting the speaker in three directions (upward, downward, and horizontal) to simulate different signaler orientations. We found that attenuation of the advertisement calls is significantly reduced when the speaker was directed either upward or downward, rather than horizontally. However, the degradation of call is lower when the speaker is direct horizontally. Since calls produced from either upward or downward orientations could travel farther, they could be used to signal male spatial location, while calls produced from a horizontal position could provide information on male quality at shorter distances at advanced phases of courtship.
Addressing the New Item problem in video recommender systems by incorporation of visual features with restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: Hazrati Naieme , Elahi Mehdi
Published: October 2020

Over the past years, the research of video recommender systems (RSs) has been mainly focussed on the development of novel algorithms. Although beneficial, still any algorithm may fail to recommend video items that the system has no form of data associated to them (New Item Cold Start). This problem occurs when a new item is added to the catalogue of the system and no data are available for that item. In content‐based RSs, the video items are typically represented by semantic attributes, when generating recommendations. These attributes require a group of experts or users for annotation, and still, the generated recommendations might not capture a complete picture of the users' preferences, for example, the visual tastes of users on video style. This article addresses this problem by proposing recommendation based on novel visual features that do not require human annotation and can represent visual aspects of video items. We have designed a novel evaluation methodology considering three realistic scenarios, that is, (a) extreme cold start, (b) moderate cold start and (c) warm‐start scenario. We have conducted a set of comprehensive experiments, and our results have shown the superior performance of recommendations based on visual features, in all of the evaluation scenarios.
Secondary Headache: Current Update
Authors: Zhu Kai , Born Dawson W. , Dilli Esma
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review some of the causes of secondary headache particularly focusing on the subcategories of secondary headache in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, the clinical features of these headaches, and their associated features and management.

Overview

Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck, headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder, headache attributed to non‐vascular intracranial disorder, headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal, headache attributed to infection, headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis, and headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eye, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or other facial or cervical structure are discussed in this paper.

Discussion

Headache is a common symptom of multiple medical conditions. Although a minority of headache patients have a secondary basis for their headaches, it is important to identify clinical features of secondary headache disorders including both the headache and non‐headache features of the condition, diagnose the secondary etiology correctly, and treat them appropriately.
Intrinsic microstructures of silica‐bonded porous nano‐SiC ceramics
Authors: Malik Rohit , Kim Young‐Wook , Nam Woo H.
Published: October 2020

Silica‐bonded porous SiC ceramics were fabricated using nano‐β‐SiC powder‐carbon black template compacts by sintering in air at 600°C‐1200°C. The intrinsic microstructures of the porous ceramics were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, which led to the following observations: (a) a core (SiC)‐shell (SiO2) structure was formed, owing to the partial oxidation of nano‐SiC particles during sintering; (b) a low‐temperature (800°C) β‐to‐α polytypic phase transformation was observed, owing to the oxidation‐induced residual thermal stresses; and (c) non‐graphitic carbons were precipitated inside the SiC core, owing to the segregation of C atoms emitted at the strained SiC‐SiO2 interface.
The role of hospital nurses in shared decision‐making about life‐prolonging treatment: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Bos‐van den Hoek Danique W. , Thodé Maureen , Jongerden Irene P. , Van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Tange Dorien , Henselmans Inge , Pasman H. Roeline
Published: October 2020

Aims

To examine hospital nurses’ perception of their actual and potential contribution to shared decision‐making about life‐prolonging treatment and their perception of the pre‐conditions for such a contribution.

Design

A qualitative interview study.

Methods

Semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 18 hospital nurses who were involved in care for patients with life‐threatening illnesses. Data were collected from October 2018‐January 2019. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis by two researchers.

Results

Nurses experienced varying degrees of influence on decision‐making about life‐prolonging treatment. Besides, we identified different points of contact in the treatment trajectory at which nurses could be involved in treatment decision‐making. Nurses’ descriptions of behaviours that potentially contribute to shared decision‐making were classified into three roles as follows: checking the quality of a decision, complementing shared decision‐making and facilitating shared decision‐making. Pre‐conditions for fulfilling the roles identified in this study were: (a) the transfer of information among nurses and between nurses and other healthcare professionals; (b) a culture where there is a positive attitude to nurses' involvement in decision‐making; (c) a good relationship with physicians; (d) knowledge and skills; (e) sufficient time; and (f) a good relationship with patients.

Conclusion

Nurses described behaviour that reflected a supporting role in shared decision‐making about patients’ life‐prolonging treatment, although not all nurses experienced this involvement as such. Nurses can enhance the shared decision‐making process by checking the decision quality and by complementing and facilitating shared decision‐making.

Impact

Nurses are increasingly considered instrumental in the shared decision‐making process. To facilitate their contribution, future research should focus on the possible impact of nurses’ involvement in treatment decision‐making and on evidence‐based training to raise awareness and offer guidance for nurses on how to adopt this role.
Efficacy and safety of combination PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint inhibitors for malignant solid tumours: A systematic review
Authors: Yao Qigu , Gu Lihu , Su Rong , Chen Bangsheng , Cao Hongcui
Published: October 2020

Treatment of multiple malignant solid tumours with programmed death (PD)‐1/PD ligand (PD‐L) 1 inhibitors has been reported. However, the efficacy and immune adverse effects of combination therapies are controversial. This meta‐analysis was performed with PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from their inception until January 2020. Random‐effect model was adopted because of relatively high heterogeneity. We also calculated hazard ratio (HR) of progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events (AEs), the incidence of grade 3‐5 AEs by tumour subgroup, therapeutic schedules and therapy lines. Nineteen articles were selected using the search strategy for meta‐analysis. Combined PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors prolonged OS and PFS (HR 0.72, P < 0.001) and (HR 0.66, P < 0.001). In addition, incidence of all‐grade and grade 3‐5 AEs was not significant in the two subgroup analyses (HR 1.01, P = 0.31) and (HR 1.10, P = 0.07), respectively. Our meta‐analysis indicated that combination therapy with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors had greater clinical benefits and adverse events were not increased significantly.
Disease severity and trigger factors in Danish children with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide study
Authors: Gerner T. , Haugaard J.H. , Vestergaard C. , Deleuran M. , Jemec G.B. , Mortz C.G. , Agner T. , Egeberg A. , Skov L. , Thyssen J.P.
Published: October 2020

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease of childhood. However, little is known about self‐reported trigger factors, impact on daily life and factors associated with AD severity.

Methods

A nationwide questionnaire study of children in Denmark with hospital‐diagnosed AD in the time period 2014–2018. The web‐based questionnaire was completed by the legal parents. AD severity was assessed using Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) tool.

Results

Of 3438 invited parents, 1343 (39%) completed the questionnaire. Factors associated with severe AD were onset during the first 6 months of life, onset of AD on multiple body regions, a history of hay fever, female sex and low maternal educational level. Staying home from daycare or school due to AD, concentration problems and sleep disturbances in the child were more frequently reported by parents to children with severe AD. Overall, 90% reported at least one AD trigger factor, and all were more frequently reported in children with severe AD. The three most commonly reported trigger factors were cold weather (51.9%), chlorinated water (35.7%) and warm weather (30.2%).

Conclusions

We identified factors associated with severe AD in childhood, the impact on daily life, as well as the most common self‐reported triggers of AD. These findings may be valuable in clinical practice to inform about prognosis and educate families about trigger avoidance.
Epidermoid cyst removal with CO2 laser fenestration: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Dehua , Zhou Eray Yihui , Chen Dian , Tuan Hsiaohan , Zhao Yi
Published: October 2020

Background

Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a common and benign tumor, which can occur anywhere on the skin. Surgical excision is usually considered as the first‐line treatment. However, linear scars arising after excision for EC remain a cosmetic problem.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of EC removal assisted with CO2 laser fenestration.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with EC and treated with CO2 laser fenestration, content extrusion, and removal of the cyst wall between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, were included in this study. After a follow‐up period ranging from 6 to 27 months, scarring, recurrence, complications, and satisfaction were assessed and analyzed.

Results

Forty‐three of the 47 patients have been cured by a single operation. The recurrence rate was 8.5%, which was not significantly correlated with tumor sizes or locations. 46.8% of the patients had no obvious scar after treatment. No infections or complications were observed in any of these cases. 89.4% of the patients were satisfied with the effectiveness of the treatment, while 95.7% and 87.2% were satisfied with the comfort and the cosmetic results, respectively.

Conclusions

CO2 laser fenestration‐assisted removal procedure is effective for the treatment of ECs with good aesthetic outcome.
Analysis of risk factors for patients with early‐stage cervical cancer: A study of 374 patients
Authors: Ueda Kazu , Yanaihara Nozomu , Iida Yasushi , Kobayashi Ritsuko , Kato Sayako , Matsuda Yuna , Tomita Keisuke , Yamamura Nami , Saito Ryosuke , Hirose Sou , Kuroda Takafumi , Seki Toshiyuki , Saito Motoaki , Takano Hirokuni , Yamada Kyosuke , Okamoto Aikou
Published: October 2020

Aim

This study aimed to identify the postoperative histological features affecting the prognosis of patients with early‐stage cervical cancer who underwent open radical hysterectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 374 patients with pT1a, 1b1 and 2a1 early‐stage cervical cancer who underwent open radical hysterectomy between 2001 and 2018. Survival outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log‐rank test. Using the Cox proportional hazards regression test, we conducted a multivariate analysis for disease‐free survival and overall survival.

Results

Others histology, including other epithelial tumors and neuroendocrine tumors, had a significantly worse prognosis in both disease‐free survival and overall survival than those of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio, 4.37 and 11.76; P = 0.006 and P = 0.002, respectively), along with lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio, 2.99 and 7.03; P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Others histology including adenosquamous carcinoma had a poor prognosis in early‐stage cervical cancer as with high‐risk factors.
Cost of Increasing Years‐of‐Life‐Gained (YLG) Using Fecal Immunochemical Testing as a Population‐Level Screening Model in a Rural Appalachian Population
Authors: Crosby Richard A. , Mamaril Cesar B. , Collins Tom
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Given the innovation of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) to detect polyps in the rectum and colon for removal by colonoscopy, it is important to determine the cost per Life‐Year Gained (LYG) when using FIT as a population‐level screening model. This is particularly true for medically underserved rural populations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to make this determination among rural Appalachians experiencing isolation and economic challenges.

Methods

The study occurred in an 8‐county area of southeastern Kentucky. Kits were distributed to 1,424 residents. Seven hundred thirty‐two kits (51.4%) were completed and returned. A Markov decision‐analytic model was developed using PrecisionTree 7.6.

Findings

Reactive test results occurred for 144 of the completed kits (19.7%). Thirty‐seven colonoscopies were verified, with 15 of these indicating precancerous changes or actual cancer. Program costs were estimated at $461,952, with the average cost per person screened estimated at $324. Cost per LYG was $7,912.

Conclusions

In contrast to an average cost per LYG of $17,200, our findings suggest a highly favorable cost‐effectiveness ratio for this population of medically underserved rural residents. Cost‐benefit analyses suggest that the screening program begins to yield positive net benefits at the stage when project recipients undergo colonoscopy, suggesting that this is the key step for behavioral intervention and intensified outreach.
A new argument for moral error theory
Authors: Cowie Christopher
Published: October 2020

Traditional arguments for moral error theory are based on identifying a problem with the metaphysics of moral properties. I provide a new argument that is based on the inconsistency of first‐order moral judgments. I illustrate this using impossibility results in population axiology.
Arthroscopic Management of Glenoid and Greater Tuberosity Bipolar Fractures
Authors: Zhang Qing , Xiang Ming , Li Yi‐ping , Yang Jin‐song
Published: October 2020

Objective

To report the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopically assisted surgery for combination of glenoid and greater tuberosity fractures after traumatic shoulder dislocation.

Methods

From December 2013 to December 2018, patients with concomitant fracture of the greater tuberosity and glenoid who underwent arthroscopically assisted surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen patients were included. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans with 3D reconstruction were performed to evaluate the fracture configuration and associated fractures. All patients underwent arthroscopically assisted surgery under general anesthesia with brachial plexus anesthesia in the lateral position. Under the arthroscopic approach, a comprehensive inspection of the joints was firstly conducted to examine the injury of bones and other tissues. With arthroscopy support, closed reduction and internal fixation of both fractures were performed with suture anchors, with or without additional cannulated screws. At the same time, other injuries were also repaired under the arthroscope. Patients were followed up (6 weeks，8 weeks，3 months，6 months，1 year after surgery) regularly for at least 1 year. At the follow‐up, clinical outcomes (Constant score, ASES score, range of motion, and VAS score) and radiological outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Of the 15 patients, there are seven cases of men, eight cases of women; aged 22–66 years, with an average age of 48 years; left shoulder for five cases, 10 cases of the right shoulder. The injury mechanisms were: a simple fall (n = 9), an epileptic seizure (n = 1), a high fall injury (n = 2), and a traffic accident (n = 3). Of the 15 cases of glenoid fracture, 11 cases were type Ia and four cases were type II according to the Ideberg Classification System. The mean size of the glenoid fracture fragment was 28.4% (range, 8.7%–47.2%). According to the Mutch classification system, the fractures of the greater tuberosity were divided into: five cases of avulsion, one case of compression, and nine cases of split. Average time of follow‐up was 38.2 months (range, 12–70 months), and one case was lost to follow‐up. With fractures healing well, almost all patients had a good joint function. At the final follow‐up, mean anterior flexion was 157°; mean external rotation was 40°; mean internal rotation was T11 level; the mean Constant–Murley score was 94.6 points (range, 70–100 points); the mean ASES score was 94.6 points (range, 79–100 points); and the mean VAS score was 0.4 points (range, 0–2 points). No recurrent instability or re‐dislocation occurred. No patient had revision surgery.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic management of glenoid and greater tuberosity bipolar fractures was useful and effective with minimal injury, and it achieved satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes at a mean follow‐up time of more than 3 years.
Availability of portable capnometers in children with tracheostomy
Authors: Hotta Masashi , Hirata Katsuya , Nozaki Masatoshi , Mochizuki Narutaka , Hirano Shinya , Wada Kazuko
Published: October 2020

Background

A capnometer is a noninvasive monitor that is used to assess patients' respiratory status. This study was performed to evaluate the availability of a portable capnometer in children with tracheostomy.

Methods

This retrospective study included children with tracheostomy who were treated at the Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka, Japan, from 1 September 2018 to 31 October 2019. We assessed the correlation between the partial pressure of venous carbon dioxide (PvCO2) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension (EtCO2) using a portable capnometer (EMMA; Masimo, Irvine, CA, USA).

Results

Nine infants and 43 simultaneous PvCO2–EtCO2 pairs were analyzed. The correlation coefficient of these pairs was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.93; P < 0.001). The Bland–Altman plot showed that EtCO2 was on average 10.0 mmHg lower than its paired PvCO2 value (95% limits of agreement, 1.0–19.1). The difference between PvCO2 and EtCO2 was significantly greater in patients on ventilators.

Conclusions

The portable capnometer evaluated in this study (EMMA) was readily available and useful for assessment of the respiratory condition in children with tracheostomy.
Novel Platinum(II) Complex‐based Luminescent Probe for Detection of Hypochlorite in Cancer Cells
Authors: Tang Jingjie , Huang Dongting , Meng Fei , Li Peng , Peng Fang , Huang Junsheng
Published: October 2020

Hypochlorite (ClO⁻) is of great importance either for the metabolism of living organisms or as disinfectant in daily life. However, improper concentration levels of ClO⁻ lead to serious health problems including erythrocyte damage, cardiovascular problems, neuron degeneration, lung/kidney injury and cancer. Therefore, a sensitive and selective detection method is required for the visualization and measurement of ClO⁻. In this work, a novel platinum(II) complex‐based luminescent probe Pt‐CHO was synthesized and utilized to detect ClO⁻. This “turn‐off” probe exhibits high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, good pH stability, low limit of detection and instantaneous response ability. Moreover, the luminescent response is caused by the oxidation of aldehyde into carboxyl groups combined with the coordination of hydroxyl groups at the Pt center, which is rarely reported. The cell imaging of HeLa cells proved the considerable potential of the probe for ClO⁻ imaging in living cells.
Mantle cell lymphoma with EBV‐positive Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg‐like cells in a patient after autologous PBSCT: Phenotypically distinct but genetically related tumors
Authors: Kanai Risa , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Shishido‐Hara Yukiko , Nakamura Naoya , Omatsu Ikoi , Morinaga Yukiko , Shimura Yuji , Kuroda Junya , Imura Tetsuya , Itoh Kyoko , Konishi Eiichi
Published: October 2020

The case of 70‐year‐old man with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) carrying t(11;14) translocation that relapsed as nodal lymphoma combining MCL and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) 9 years after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (auto‐PBSCT) is reported. Lymph nodes contained two separate areas of MCL and cHL‐like components. Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS)‐like cells were accompanied by a prominent histiocyte background. HRS‐like cells were CD5−, CD15+, CD20−, CD30+, PAX5+, Bob.1−, Oct2− and EBER+. The MCL component expressed cyclin D1 and SOX11, whereas cyclin D1 and SOX11 expressions were reduced and lost, respectively, in HRS‐like cells. Polymerase chain reaction results showed a single clonal rearrangement of the IGH gene in MCL and cHL‐like components. CCND1 break apart fluorescence in situ hybridization showed split signals in both MCL and HRS‐like cells, suggesting that MCL and cHL‐like components were clonally related. Acquisition of p53 expression and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positivity was seen in HRS‐like cells. The patient died of disease progression with elevated hepatobiliary enzymes. The autopsy showed both MCL and cHL‐like components around the bile ducts, splenic white pulp and bone marrow. The two components were phenotypically distinct, but genetically related, suggesting that transformation of MCL to HRS‐like cells during the course of MCL in association with EBV infection.
Property rights and climate migration: Adaptive governance in the South Pacific
Authors: Fitzpatrick Daniel , Monson Rebecca
Published: October 2020

How would a polycentric property system react to mass movements of people caused by escalating climate change? Drawing on multidisciplinary perspectives, the article suggests an analytical frame for polycentric property system responses to climate migration. The case study is Solomon Islands, a South Pacific state with high levels of environmental vulnerability, where people draw on various governance mechanisms to secure proprietary relationships with land. These governance mechanisms not only encompass property rights derived from the state, but also proprietary relationships secured through social norms, informal agreements, and acts of mutual coordination. The key argument is that governance mechanisms to secure property rights for climate migrants have absorptive limits that affect broader processes of adaptation to climate change. The heuristic of absorptive capacity provides a basis to consider adaptive property law for a future of climate migration.
Letter from the UK
Authors: Diver Sarah , Brightling Chris , Ohri Chandra
Published: October 2020

See related Letter
The interaction between macroprudential policy and monetary policy: Overview
Authors: Bussière Matthieu , Cao Jin , de Haan Jakob , Hills Robert , Lloyd Simon , Meunier Baptiste , Pedrono Justine , Reinhardt Dennis , Sinha Sonalika , Sowerbutts Rhiannon , Styrin Konstantin
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the main findings of an International Banking Research Network initiative examining the interaction between monetary policy and macroprudential policy in determining international bank lending. We give an overview on the data, empirical specifications and results of the seven papers from the initiative. The papers are from a range of core and smaller advanced economies, and emerging markets . The main findings are as follows. First, there is evidence that macroprudential policy in recipient countries can partly offset the spillover effects of monetary policy conducted in core countries. Meanwhile, domestic macroprudential policy in core countries can also affect the cross‐border transmission of domestic monetary policy via lending abroad, by limiting the increase in lending by less strongly capitalized banks. Second, the findings highlight that studying heterogeneities across banks provides complementary insights to studies using more aggregate data and focusing on average effects. In particular, we find that individual bank characteristics such as bank size or GSIB status play a first‐order role in the transmission of these policies. Finally, the impacts differ considerably across prudential policy instruments, which also suggests the importance of more granular analysis.
Well‐posedness, positivity, and time asymptotics properties for a reaction–diffusion model of plankton communities, involving a rational nonlinearity with singularity
Authors: Perasso Antoine , Richard Quentin , Azzali Irene , Venturino Ezio
Published: October 2020

In this work, we consider a reaction–diffusion system, modeling the interaction between nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. Using a semigroup approach in , we prove global existence, uniqueness, and positivity of the solutions. The nonlinearity is handled by providing estimates in , allowing to deal with most of the functional responses that describe predator/prey interactions (Holling I, II, III, Ivlev) in ecology. The paper finally exhibits some time asymptotic properties of the solutions.
Performance of the interpersonal needs questionnaire in adolescent clinical samples: Confirmatory factor analyses and evaluation of measurement invariance
Authors: Hill Ryan M. , Mellick William , Alvis Lauren , Dodd Cody G. , Do Calvin , Buitron Victor , Sharp Carla , Pettit Jeremy W. , Kaplow Julie B.
Published: October 2020

Objective

This study evaluated the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity, and measurement invariance of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) among adolescents.

Method

Participants (N = 539) included three distinct samples of youth drawn from two outpatient psychology clinics and an inpatient psychiatric unit. The combined sample was 63.3% female and had a mean age of 14.95 years (SD = 1.31 years). All participants completed the INQ as well as measures of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation.

Results

Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the removal of three items from the thwarted belongingness subscale of the INQ was needed to achieve acceptable model fit. The resulting combined 12‐item scale demonstrated good factor structure, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity. The modified 12‐item INQ also demonstrated scalar invariance across subgroups defined by sex, race, and age.

Conclusions

Findings support the use of this reduced 12‐item version of the INQ among adolescents. Youth may have difficulty accurately responding to changes in item valence; thus, future research with youth should consider using a 12‐item version of the INQ that avoids valence changes within subscales.
Nationwide sports injury prevention strategies: A scoping review
Authors: Ross Andrew G. , Donaldson Alex , Poulos Roslyn G.
Published: October 2020

National strategies to prevent sports injuries can potentially improve health outcomes at a population level and reduce medical costs. To date, a compilation of the strategies that countries have attempted, and their effectiveness, does not exist. This scoping review sets out to: identify nationwide attempts at implementing sports injury prevention strategies; examine the impact of these strategies; and map them onto the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) framework. Using Levac's scoping review method, we: (a) identified the research questions, (b) identified relevant studies, (c) identified the study selection criteria, (d) charted the data, and (e) reported the results. A search of MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases for articles published pre‐June 2019 was conducted. We identified 1794 studies and included 33 studies (of 24 strategies). The USA (n = 7), New Zealand (n = 4), Canada (n = 3), the Netherlands (n = 3), Switzerland (n = 2), Belgium (n = 1), France (n = 1), Ireland (n = 1), South Africa (n = 1), and Sweden (n = 1) have implemented nationwide sports injury prevention strategies with 29 (88%) of the included studies demonstrating positive results. Mapping the strategies onto the TRIPP framework highlighted that only four (17%) of the 24 included strategies reported on the implementation context (TRIPP Stage 5), suggesting an important reporting gap. Nationwide sports injury prevention efforts are complex, requiring a multidimensional approach. Future research should report intervention implementation data; examine the implementation context early in the research process to increase the likelihood of real‐world implementation success; and could benefit from incorporating qualitative or mixed research methods.
Characterization of curriculum materials to support NGSS‐aligned engineering instruction in chemistry teaching
Authors: Boesdorfer Sarah B. , Arias Anna Maria , Mull Bayleigh , Lieberum Kyle
Published: October 2020

Curriculum materials can play a major role in shaping teachers’ thinking about instruction and content as well as serve as a support for teachers’ learning. With the inclusion of engineering in NGSS, many teachers may be turning to existing curriculum materials to help them infuse engineering into their science classroom, especially when they do not have the time or opportunity for professional development sessions. In this study, we identified a sample of curriculum materials freely available online to chemistry teachers trying to incorporate engineering in the topics of stoichiometry and/or energy, common topics in secondary chemistry curricula. Using qualitative coding methods, we examined what this sample had to offer the chemistry teachers in the way of developing their understanding of engineering and teaching it. Our findings indicate that within our sample there are limited existing curriculum materials to support teachers’ engineering incorporation into secondary chemistry, and the support for teachers varied in terms of content and usefulness across the materials. The materials provided procedural information for activities but lacked in supports for teacher learning and student development beyond the procedure. Implications for the enactment of NGSS in secondary science along with needs for curriculum development and teacher learning are discussed.
Platelet transfusion: The effects of a fluid warmer on platelet function
Authors: Mattson Melissa K. , Groves Cory , Smith Mark M. , Christensen Jon M. , Chen Dong , Stubbs James R. , Karon Brad S. , Nuttall Gregory A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Platelet (PLT) transfusions are an important component of hemostatic resuscitation. The AABB has published several guidelines recommending that PLT units should not be infused through blood warming devices.

Study Design and Methods

Thirty‐one units of hospital blood bank apheresis PLTs were obtained. PLT‐rich plasma (PRP) aggregometry and thromboelastography (TEG) were performed on the unit samples before and after the units were infused through a Ranger blood/fluid warming device.

Results

There were no differences in any of the aggregometry results before and after infusion of the PLTs through the blood warmer (all P > .32). There was a significant reduction in the TEG maximum amplitude (MA) of 69.8 ± 7.9 mm before and 66.0 ± 8.8 mm after (P < .001) infusion of the PLTs through the blood warmer and α angle 61.8 ± 9.4° before and 59.3 ± 8.2° after (P = .044) infusion of the PLTs through the blood warmer, although both mean values were within normal range for the TEG and not clinically significant. There were very good correlations of aggregometry and TEG results before and after infusion of the PLTs through the blood warmer device.

Conclusion

This study did not demonstrate significant deleterious effect on PLT function from infusing apheresis PLT units through a blood warming device by PRP aggregometry. We did detect a statistically significant—but not clinically significant—reduction in TEG MA and α angle. The prohibition of transfusing PLT units though the Ranger blood warming device is not indicated.
Establishment of reference intervals of selected blood biochemical parameters in Shami goats
Authors: Al‐Rukibat Raida , Ismail Zuhair , Al‐Zghoul Mohammad Borhan , Hananeh Wael
Published: October 2020

Background

Reference intervals (RIs) of various blood biochemical parameters are used in assessing the clinical health and nutritional status of animals. Blood biochemical analyte RIs are not currently available in Shami goats.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the RIs of selected blood biochemical analytes in Shami goats.

Methods

Blood from 120 animals (females N = 70; males N = 50) was used to determine the RIs of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, fibrinogen (FIB), urea, creatinine (CRT), AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, glucose (GLU), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (CL) using commercially available kits.

Results

The RIs for selected blood biochemical analytes in Shami goats were: TP (34.9‐83.5 g/L), ALB (22.3‐55.1 g/L), globulin (9.9‐50 g/L), FIB (2.19‐5.45 g/L), urea (0.55‐9.5 mmol/L), CRT (11.4‐221 µmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (7.9‐299 U/L), ALT (2.3‐49 U/L), ALP (7.7‐950 U/L), GGT (4.5‐185 U/L), GLU (1.3‐6.8 mmol/L), Ca (1.65‐2.6 mmol/L), Na (120‐180 mmol/L), K (3.7‐6.3 mmol/L), CL (91.9‐ 125 mmol/L), and the albumin:globulin ratio (0.45‐3.9).

Conclusions

The RIs of the selected blood biochemical analytes in Shami goats were determined in this study. These results can be used in the clinical diagnosis of diseases in Shami goats and to evaluate their general health and nutritional status.
Experiments With a Rotor-Hybrid Gas Bearing System Undergoing Maneuver Loads From Its Base Support
Authors: San Andrés Luis , Rodríguez Bryan
Published: October 2020

Gas bearings enable microturbomachinery (MTM) with a large power to weight ratio, low part count, and nearly frictionless motion, thus resulting in systems operating over extended maintenance intervals and with improved fuel efficiency. Envisioned oil-free vehicle transportation systems implementing gas bearings range from small size gas turbines, to unmanned aerial vehicles, to turbochargers (TC), and more to come. In these vehicles, base or support transient displacements transmit forces exciting the rotor-bearing system; hence, the need to characterize system integrity under stringent operating conditions. This paper reports experiments demonstrating the ability of a hybrid gas bearing-rotor system to withstand maneuver actions that suddenly remove the ground support. The test rig consists of a rigid motor-rotor, supported on tilting pad hybrid gas bearings supplied with pressurized air. The rotor is housed in a thick steel casing that is attached to a rigid base plate. The whole test rig hangs from a crane; two steel cables connect to one side of the base and a nylon webbing attaches to the other side of the base. The other end of the webbing ties to a release mechanism, which when released, frees one side of the rig base. Suddenly, the whole test rig rotates and displaces downward while the tensions in the taut cables rapidly increase and pull the test rig as it swings back and forth. The crane support enables two release maneuvers: one turns the rig ∼90 deg and the other flips it 180 deg, both events occurring while the rotor spins at 70 krpm (surface speed 105 m/s). The measured rotor displacements relative to the casing demonstrate a momentary increase in motion amplitude, up to ∼1.15 mm since the bearings also displace, along with a maximum casing deceleration of ∼7 g when the cables stop the rig fall. The measurements show the rotor response is free of subsynchronous whirl frequencies that could evidence a rotor dynamic instability. Very low frequency motions denote the swing frequency of the hanging rig and jerk motions from the crane lifting and bouncing when the rig is at its lowest vertical position. In one instance, power to the motor unexpectedly interrupted and the rotor underwent an unplanned shaft speed coastdown. In spite of the large displacements recorded, the rotor survived both events; it continues to operate to this day. The experiments demonstrate that the hybrid gas bearing system could withstand large amplitude rotor excursions. The measurements provide a novel method for testing gas bearings, as the induced excitations are multidirectional, while the test rig encounters a short period of free falling, followed by a quick deceleration with large forces. A simple kinetics model of the test rig drop produces peak decelerations similar in magnitude to those measured.
Mitigating Design Fixation: A Visualization Tool for Enhancing Situation Awareness
Authors: Hwang Dongwook , Choi Byunghyun , Bae Soonho , Park Woojin
Published: October 2020

External stimuli can stimulate a designer's creativity and improve the outcome of design ideation for product/service concept generation. A psychological phenomenon that may occur during such utilization of external stimuli is design fixation, which is widely believed to adversely affect the ideation outcome. One of the difficulties in preventing or alleviating design fixation is that the designer may not easily detect or predict its occurrence during the mentally demanding task of ideation. In an effort to address the problem of design fixation, the current study develops a situation awareness (SA) support system, which helps the novice designer perceive and predict the occurrences of design fixation. The situation awareness support system (SASS) is empirically evaluated in its utility in mitigating design fixation. The study result shows that the situation awareness support system can help the novice designer to mitigate design fixation, while not influencing significant impact on the ideation performance.
Fostering Function-Sharing Using Bioinspired Product Architecture
Authors: Bhasin Devesh , Behmer Spencer T. , McAdams Daniel A.
Published: October 2020

This work deduces principles of bioinspired product architecture to effectively leverage biological function-sharing in engineering design. Function-sharing enables a single structure to perform multiple functions and can improve the performance characteristics of a system. The process of evolution via natural selection has led to the emergence of function-sharing adaptations in biological systems. However, the current practice of bioinspired function-sharing is largely limited to the solution-driven imitation of biological structures. This work aims to overcome such limitations by performing a function-based analysis of biological product architectures. First, a phylogenetic approach is used to select generalized case studies from the animal kingdom. Next, the product architectures of the selected case studies are then modeled using function modeling and analyzed by clustering the identified functions into modules. A function-based categorization of the sampled biological modules reveals the presence of four types of modules in the biological case studies. Analyzing the function-sharing scenarios associated with each type of biological module enables us to deduce four guidelines for bioinspired development and arrangement of function-sharing modules. Finally, a demonstration study applies the guidelines to the design of an inlet–outlet port for a washer–dryer system. The deduced guidelines can enable engineers to identify function-sharing scenarios in the early stages of product design and reduce the need to imitate biological structures for function-sharing.