bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a northern mayfly (Ephemeroptera) population, with special reference to allometry of size
Authors: Clifford Hugh F.
Published: August 2008

Life history phenomena of the mayfly Leptophlebia cupida (Say) from a subarctic stream of Canada were found to be best interpreted by combining size-frequency distributions and developmental stage data. Autumn was a period of intense growth and uniform development; both growth and development were retarded but not completely stopped during the 6-month winter period; development accelerated rapidly after the spring breakup even though water temperatures were still near 0 °C. Total fecundity, average egg size, and total egg volume varied directly with the size of the female. Last instar nymphs and sub-imagos of a given length had about the same number and size of eggs, but imagos of the same length had larger eggs. Analysis of nymphal size allometry indicated that none of the investigated body parts of either sex was exhibiting isometric growth with that of total length. All female dimensions and some male dimensions deviated from simple size allometry when the nymphs were about 7 to 9 mm in total length; a hypothesis with biological implication is; offered, accounting for these deviations. Length–volume biomass regression showed the nymphs conforming closely to the cube law; similar regressions for other stream invertebrates are also presented.
Some remarks on the ecology of Echinorhynchus salmonis Muller 1784
Authors: Tedla Shibru , Fernando C. H.
Published: August 2008

The acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus salmonis showed a marked seasonality of occurrence in the yellow perch Perca fluviatilis in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. The incidence of the parasite started increasing in autumn and reached a peak in late winter. It started decreasing in March and fell to zero in August or September. Such seasonality has been previously observed for acanthocephalans in bodies of water which freeze, as does the Bay of Quinte. There is a single egg maturation period for the parasite in early summer, after which the parasites die. Infestation of intermediate hosts occurs in spring when the population of the hosts is high. The subsequent warm period ensures rapid development of the parasite. Within the fish the parasite is less affected by the lower temperatures prevailing in winter. No influence was apparent between the maturity and seasonality of the parasite and the food and breeding cycle of the fish.
Mites of the family Listrophoridae in Puerto Rico
Authors: Tamsitt J. R. , Fox Irving
Published: August 2008

Seven species of listrophorid mites are recorded from Puerto Rican mammals. New records and their hosts include Listrophorus gibbus from Oryctolagus cuniculus, L. musculus from Mus musculus, Chirodiscoides caviae from Cavia porcellus, Paralabidocarpus artibei from Stenoderma rufum darioi and Artibeus j. jamaicensis, Dentrocarpus silvai from Molossus molossus fortis, and Lawrenceocarpus micropilus from Brachyphylla cavernarum.
Helminth parasites of the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill)) in Newfoundland
Authors: Hanek George , Threlfall William
Published: August 2008

Fifteen specimens of the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill), caught in Salmonier Arm, near Mitchells Brook, St. Mary's Bay, Newfoundland, were examined for helminth parasites. Three species of monogenetic trematodes (Gyrodactylus avalonia Hanek and Threlfall, 1969; Gyrodactylus cameroni n. sp.; Gyrodactylus canadensis Hanek and Threlfall, 1969), one of digenetic trematodes (Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)), one of Cestoda (Proteocephalus sp.), and one of Nematoda (Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798) were recovered.
Effect of fetal bovine serum on the growth and survival of insect cell cultures
Authors: Sohi S. S. , Smith Cheryl
Published: August 2008

The effect of different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the growth and survival of three insect cell lines—Aedes aegypti, Antheraea eucalypti, and Bombyx mori—was studied in a series of 10 experiments. Cell viability was low and no growth occurred in any of the cell lines when FBS was omitted from the medium. Maximum growth of A. aegypti cells was obtained with 10% FBS. There was no further increase in this growth when FBS was increased to 20 and 30%, and neither did the increased concentrations have any appreciable adverse effect on the growth or survival of these cells. Maximum growth of A. eucalypti and B. mori cells was obtained in 5% FBS; the growth of these cells was significantly less in 20 and 30% FBS. Viability of A. eucalypti cells was quite low in 20 and 30% FBS. There was, however, no adverse effect on the viability of B. mori cells at these high concentrations.
Comparison of the effects of methallibure and thiourea on the testis, thyroid, and adenohypophysis of the adult and juvenile guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters
Authors: Pandey S. , Leatherland John F.
Published: August 2008

Thiourea and methallibure are equally effective in completely blocking the initiation of spermatogenesis in juvenile guppies and also in inhibiting spermatogenesis in adults. Both compounds appear to act by blocking the activity of pituitary gonadotrophs which regress.Methallibure has antithyroid properties in adult guppies but has negligible effects in juveniles. On the other hand, the goitrogenic effects of thiourea are far more pronounced and affect both adults and juveniles.Whereas thiourea inhibits growth and causes an increase in granulation in the pituitary somatotrophs, methallibure causes a degranulation of the somatotrophs and a depression of the somatotroph cell index (in adults) and does not significantly affect the growth rate.
Relapses in birds infected with species of Leucocytozoon
Authors: Khan R. A. , Fallis A. M.
Published: August 2008

Relapses were observed in robins and saw-whet owls infected with L. dubreuili and L. danilewskyi respectively. Parasitemias associated with the relapses were lower than those seen in primary infections except in one robin in which it was unusually high. Gametocytes were seen for 3 months after a relapse. In one bird, in which relapse was noted in 3 consecutive years after infection in the first year, gametocytes were abundant for shorter periods during the second and third years than during the first. Egg laying was not observed in any of these birds although gonadal activity was apparent in those killed after relapses were observed. Schizonts of Leucocytozoon seen in the kidneys of robins, saw-whet owls, and fringilltds several months after infection with L. dubreuili, L. daniiewskyi, and L. fringillmarum, respectively, are probably the source of gametocytes seen in relapses.
A neotype for Cephalobus persegnis Bastian, 1865, redescription of the species, and observations on variability in taxonomic characters
Authors: Anderson R. V. , Hooper D. J.
Published: August 2008

Amendment of the description of males and females of Cephalobus persegnis includes variation in the form of the probolae, reproductive system, and tail, and in the number and position of the lateral papillae on the male tail. Size and shape of the dorsal and subventral rectal glands also differed within and between sexes. Form of the probolae of topotypes and their progeny reared on agar and in sand ranged from low-rounded, when amalgamated with the duplex lips, to asymmetrically bifurcate. Sometimes probolae became conoid in shape, ending in a single point. Significance of the presence or absence and the form of labial probolae in taxonomy of Cephalobus and in its relationships to the Acrobelinae, particularly Chiloplacus Thorne, 1937 and Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962, is discussed. Chiloplacus trilineatus Steiner, 1940 is synonymized with C. persegnis. Chiloplacus quinilineatus Shavrov, 1968 is transferred to Cephalobus. Configuration of the ovary in adult females is not considered to be of taxonomic significance. The ovary is not always flexed, and, when flexed, the number of flexures varies from one to six. The neotype of C. persegnis was selected from specimens collected from the type locality.
Electrophoretic studies on blood and tissue proteins of normal and regenerating Ampullarius glaucus (Gastropoda)
Authors: Saleuddin A. S. M. , Miranda Eduardo , Losada Freddy , Wilbur Karl M.
Published: August 2008

Changes in blood and soluble tissue proteins of the snail Ampullarius glaucus were studied by acrylamide gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis in normal snails and those undergoing shell regeneration. Normal blood regularly has five bands (cellulose acetate). A sixth band was present in 19% of normal and 77% of regenerating snails. Two new protein bands appeared in the mantle during regeneration (acrylamide gel), and these corresponded to two bands of the normal hepatopancreas. The hepatopancreas showed no change in the number of protein bands during regeneration. Total blood calcium and total blood protein were not significantly altered during regeneration. The crystal type of both normal and regenerated shell was aragonite.
The effects of preservatives on the regurgitation of gut contents by Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae
Authors: Davies Ronald W. , McCauley V. J.
Published: August 2008

The commonly used preservatives for chironomid larvae were found to cause regurgitation of the gut contents, the incidence of regurgitation being higher when the gut in at least two of the thoracic segments was full. The Tanypodinae larvae regurgitated more frequently than others, because of differences in their gut morphology, the nature of the food ingested, or a combination of both. Handling of the larvae also caused regurgitation. Increased predation by Tanypodinae larvae appeared if there was a delay between collection and preservation or examination of the samples. These problems can be overcome by rapidly freezing the samples immediately in either powdered solid carbon dioxide or liquid air.
Further cytological studies of Antipodean Teleogryllus species and their hybrids (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Lim Hai-Choo
Published: August 2008

Three additional populations of T. oceanicus and six intra- and inter-specific hybrids of Teleogryllus species have been studied. Some abnormal chromosome conditions, such as variation in number, occurrence of numerous univalents, chromosomal bridges, and polyploid cells, were found in the intraspecific hybrids of T. commodus and in interspecific hybrids.The low fertility of intraspecific hybrids of T. commodus and the production of sterile progeny of interspecific crosses may be due to the unequal segregation and chromosomal incompatibility.
The influence of the blood meal type on the fecundity of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Bennett Gordon F.
Published: August 2008

Aedes aegypti were fed on a variety of avian and mammalian blood sources and the average number of eggs laid per female determined. Mosquitoes fed on avian blood laid more eggs than those fed on mammalian blood. Mosquitoes fed on blood of high packed red cell volume produced more eggs than those fed on low packed-cell volumes. Multiplying Trypanosoma avium in the stomach and hindgut of the mosquito reduced the number of eggs produced.
Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions. IV. Topography of the sex pheromone producing gland of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Weatherston J. , Percy J. E.
Published: August 2008

By use of the scanning electron microscope, the sex pheromone producing gland of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), was studied in relation to the mode of release of the pheromone.
Further investigations of the effect of DDT on learning in fish
Authors: Jackson D. A. , Anderson J. M. , Gardner D. R.
Published: August 2008

Alteration of previous training procedures for avoidance conditioning of salmonids indicated that, under appropriate conditions, fish were able to acquire a conditioned avoidance response when pretreated with sublethal doses of DDT.
The response of melanophores in isolated scales of Fundulus heteroclitus to melanophore-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Authors: Abbott Frank S.
Published: August 2008

Scales were removed from Fundulus heteroclitus and immersed in α- and β-MSH solutions. The degree of dispersion of the melanin in the melanophores in the scales was observed microscopically and recorded using the mean melanophore index (MMI). The observations indicate that neither α-MSH, β-MSH, nor a combination of these substances induces dispersion of the melanin granules in melanophores of isolated scales from this fish.
Close association between nuclear rodlets and chromosomal fibers
Authors: Estable-Puig Rosita F. de , Estable-Puig Juan F.
Published: August 2008

Examination of glutaraldehyde or chrome-osmic perfused normal and X-irradiated olfactory bulb has revealed the presence of intranuclear rodlets in the irradiated granules and mitral cells and occasionally in the normal external granule cells. A close association between the filaments of the rodlets and chromosomic neighboring microfibrils was observed.
A heavy infestation of gerrids (Hemiptera–Heteroptera) by water mites (Acarina–Limnocharidae)
Authors: Fernando C. H. , Galbraith D.
Published: August 2008

Two species of water striders, Gerris comatus and G. buenoi, were found heavily infested with water mites (Limnochares sp.) in Sunfish Lake, Waterloo, Ontario. All the gerrids collected from 5 to 26 July, 1969, were infested.The intensity of infestation varied from 2 to 205 (mean 40.5) in 42 host specimens, both instars and adults. Accelerated mortality of the host was probably due to the mite infestation. The spatial distribution of mites on the host and the rarity of gerrid infestation reported in the literature are discussed.
Parasites of the ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.) in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Hanek George , Threlfall William
Published: August 2008

Metazoan parasites belonging to 11 genera (one of Monogenea; five of Digenea; two each of Cestoda and Acanthocephala; one of parasitic copepods) were recovered from 65 ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius (L.), caught at four localities in Newfoundland and Labrador, during the period May–August, 1969.
A new species of Ameletus (Ephemeroptera, Siphlonuridae) from Southern Ontario
Authors: Harper Françoise
Published: August 2008

Ameletus walleyi n. sp. is described and illustrated. It is akin to the western A. oregonensis McDunnough from which it can be distinguished by details of the male genitalia.
Prevalence of coccidia in red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in Alberta
Authors: Mahrt Jerome L. , Chai Soo-Jeet
Published: August 2008

Oocysts of Eimeria tamiasciuri and Eimeria toddi were found in 166 (97%) and 10 (6%) of 171 red squirrels. The occurrence of both species in red squirrels from Alberta extends the known range of these coccidia.
First Manitoba record of Orconectes immunis (Hagen)
Authors: Popham J. David , Hancox Ralph
Published: August 2008

Material of Orconectes immunis (Hagen) has been collected in the Red River drainage system of Manitoba.
Some mosquitoes and blackflies from Newfoundland
Authors: Pickavance J. R. , Bennett G. F. , Phipps J.
Published: August 2008

A preliminary survey was made of the Culicidae and Simuliidae of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Ten mosquitoes in the genera Wyeomyia, Culiseta, and Aedes, and 10 blackflies in the genera Prosimulium, Cnephia, and Simulium were found. Five of the mosquitoes and six of the blackflies are new records for Newfoundland.
The fine structure of Leucocytozoon simondi. IV. The microgamete
Authors: Desser Sherwin S.
Published: August 2008

Microgametes of Leucocytozoon simondi are filiform cells which possess elongate, centrally positioned nuclei. Their cytoplasm is devoid of organelles and contains two, typically protozoan axonemes which are entwined about each other and the irregularly shaped nucleus. The movement and structure of these microgametes are compared with that of the closely related genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus.
Annual patterns of emergence of some Quebec stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera)
Authors: Harper P. P. , Pilon Jean-Guy
Published: August 2008

Twelve series of collections of adults from emergence traps in four streams and from six different years provide data on the annual emergence patterns of Plecoptera. Of the 24 species collected, 15 were in sufficient number to be studied in detail. Each species has a typical emergence pattern which it maintains year after year despite climatic variations. Two types of pattern are distinguished: a synchronous and an extended emergence. Species with a wide temperature tolerance can, however, present both types. Usually equal numbers of both sexes are collected and the males on the whole often emerge before the females. Closely related species normally have different emergence periods.
Protoplasmic fragments in haematopoietic tissues and analysis of intranuclear vesicles in lymph node blast cells of the rabbit
Authors: Westermann Jean E. Mills , Shelley Jessica L. G. , Engelbert Vibeke E.
Published: August 2008

Vesicles and cytoplasmic fragments are found in greatest numbers in the lymph node and spleen and least commonly in the thymus and bone narrow in the rabbit. Vesicles appear to originate by the extrusion of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic vesicles mostly from cells of the lymphoid series. Cytoplasmic fragments formed by the pinching off of cytoplasmic buds of blast and lymphoid cells may be either round, oval, or irregular in shape. Vesicles and cytoplasmic fragments are absent from blood smears and extremely difficult to recognize in sections or in areas of imprints where the cells are closely applied one to another. About one-third of all round to oval "naked" blast cells in imprints of mesenteric lymph nodes contain vesicles ranging to 7 μ in diameter although most are about 1 μ in diameter. Large "naked" nuclei contain more vesicles than expected although the size of the nucleus does not affect the size of the vesicles present. We suggest that chromatin from "naked" nuclei and smaller free chromatin masses may become transferred to free vesicles and this process may function in new cell formation.
Helminth parasites of California quail (Lophortyx californicus) from the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia
Authors: Chandler R. E.
Published: August 2008

One hundred and thirty-seven California quail (Lophortyx californicus) were collected from the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and examined for helminth parasites during the summers of 1965 and 1966. The following helminth species were found parasitizing California quail from four study areas: two cestodes, Rhabdometra odiosa and Choanotaenia infundibulum, and one nematode, Acuaria spinosa.R. odiosa was recovered from quail from all areas; the other two species were less common and more restricted in distribution. The frequency of infection for R. odiosa was 53.8% in adult quail and 45.8% in juvenile quail. Intensity of infection for R. odiosa was 13.5 specimens from adult and 22.4 from juvenile quail. For C. infundibulum the frequency was 1.5% from adult and 9.7% from juvenile quail; intensity was 2 and 1.7 specimens from adult and juvenile quail respectively. A. spinosa was recovered from three adult quail in 1965; none were found in 1966. Neither C. infundibulum nor A. spinosa has previously been reported from California quail.
Pulmonary lesions in mink with a mixed infection of Filaroides martis and Perostrongylus pridhami
Authors: Stockdale P. H. G.
Published: August 2008

Two metastrongyloid nematodes of mink, both inhabiting the lung, may be identified by their position within that organ. Perostrongylus pridhami is found in the alveolar ducts and terminal and respiratory bronchioles. Filaroides martis is found in peribronchial connective tissue and is usually extralobular. Pulmonary lesions elicited by mixed infections of P. pridhami and F. martis are described.
Morphometric and morphological characteristics for identifying the life stages of Xiphinema bakeri Williams, 1961 (Nematoda: Longidorinae)
Authors: Sutherland Jack R. , Dunn T. G. , Cousens N. Bruce F.
Published: August 2008

Several morphometric and morphological characteristics were evaluated to determine their usefulness in identifying the life stages of Xiphinema bakeri. The stages can be identified by length of the body, onchiostylet, and replacement stylet of larvae. These values increase lineally from first-stage larva to adult, and fall into five groups corresponding to the nematodes' four larval stages and adult. Each stage has a specific tail-tip shape, which gradually changes from subacute in the first and second stages to subdigitate in adults. At lower magnifications, the body length and the tail shape, used in combination, are best for identification. First-stage larvae also have the replacement stylet overlapping the stylet extension, distinguishing them from the second stage. Frequently the immature vagina of fourth-stage larvae appears as a clear area in the body; this helps to separate them from the third stage.
Distribution of long-chain fatty acids among the lipid classes of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus)
Authors: Lindsay O. B. , Barlow J. S.
Published: August 2008

The larval lipids of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus), which differ markedly in their palmitoleic acid content, were separated on silicic acid columns into five fractions, viz. (1) cholesterol ester, (2) triglyceride, (3) unesterified fatty acid and cholesterol, (4) partial glyceride, and (5) phospholipid. The fractions were analyzed for individual fatty acids. For each species of insect, palmitoleic acid was found to be distributed among the glyceride and phospholipid fractions in its characteristic proportion in the total fatly acids of that species. Thus the difference in the proportion of palmitoleic acid in the lipids of the two species cannot be attributed to preferential exclusion of palmitoleic acid from the triglycerides of Galleria mellonella. In Lucilia sericata the principal fatty acids are partitioned among the glyceride and phospholipid fractions to virtually the same degree, but in Galleria mellonella they are partitioned unevenly. This unevenness in partitioning is most evident with linoleic acid, which is relatively high in the phospholipids.
Fine structure of the impulse-conducting system in rat heart
Authors: Melax Haukur , Leeson Thomas S.
Published: August 2008

The sinoatrial node of the rat is composed of loosely interwoven modified cardiac muscle cells, which are lined up in groups to form somewhat irregular layers or plates. A generous amount of atrial specific granules is found in their cytoplasm. Between the nodal cells there is a loose connective tissue containing numerous bundles of unit fibrils of collagen and unmyelinated nerve fibers. In the atrioventricular node the modified cardiac cells are larger than those of the sinoatrial node, and are arranged in small groups. They contain a large amount of glycogen. Unmyelinated nerve fibers are extremely numerous in the atrioventricular node and myelinated nerve fibers are also present.
A new marine piscicolid leech from Newfoundland placed provisionally in the genus Malmiana
Authors: Richardson Laurence R.
Published: August 2008

A description is given of a medium-sized subcylindrical eyeless leech from Myoxocephalus scorpius that lacks a functional male bursa and muscular organ, has fully independent postcaeca, and is recognized as 'Malmiana' nuda sp. nov.
Alkaline phosphatase activity and histogenesis in two species of urodele amphibians
Authors: O'Day Danton H. , Finnegan Cyril V.
Published: August 2008

The development of alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) has been studied in two species of urodele amphibians, Ambystoma gracile and Taricha torosa. The enzyme is present in embryo homogenates at gastrulation and increases in activity immensely as development proceeds to the free-swimming larvae. The activity level is a product of two isozymic forms that, as shown by gel electrophoresis, change quantitatively. Using histochemical detection methods, it was possible to correlate the specific activity and electrophoretic data with histogenesis. A correlation between substrate specificities and function in development is proposed.
A tracer study of ingestion and metabolic cycling of iron in Daphnia magna
Authors: Mcmahon J. W.
Published: August 2008

Radioactive tracer studies of the ingestion and cycling of iron by Daphnia magna showed that about 60% of the iron was present as gut contents. Daphnia assimilated iron at the rate of 3.8 × 10−3 μg per milligram dry weight per hour. After feeding on 59Fe-labeled Chlorella for an extended period the animals assimilated only 1.3% of the ingested iron. Excretion and assimilation rates were similar.The feeding time required to pack the animal's gut was 2.5 h. The use of the time of initial loss of radioactive gut contents through defecation as an indicator of a full gut is questioned.The biological half-life of 59Fe in Daphnia is divisible into two components, a short-lived fraction (2.5 h) caused by replacement of gut contents and a longer lived component with a half-life of about 65 h.
Carbon dioxide sensitivity among harvestmen of the genns Leiobunum
Authors: Batten R. W. , Edwards L. J. , Peters T. M.
Published: August 2008

Ground traps randomly baited with carbon dioxide were set from June 1 until August 31, 1969. It was observed that both sexes and all stages of the life cycle favored traps baited with carbon dioxide over controls. On the basis of these observations, it is suggested that carbon dioxide chemotaxis is involved in the behavior of species of the genus Leiobunum.
Microsporidia (Protozoa: Microsporidia) in Newfoundland blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Frost S.
Published: August 2008

Plistophora simulii and Caudospora simulii have been found in blackfly larvae collected from streams in the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, between September and November 1969.
Beetles, Neodryocoetes hubbardi Blackman (Scolytidae), infesting seeds strung as necklaces imported from Jamaica
Authors: Judd W. W.
Published: August 2008

In October, 1968, adults of Neodryocoetes hubbardi emerged in London, Ontario, from seeds of Delonix regia, Mucuna urens, and Hevea brasiliensis, strung as necklaces and brought in from Jamaica.
Sex ratio and fecundity of American smelt, Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), from Matamek Lake, Quebec
Authors: Saunders Lloyd , Power G.
Published: August 2008

The sex ratio, male:female, of 145 smelt collected on 28–29 May, 1969, from Matamek Lake, Quebec, was 71:74. Females from age groups III–VI produced an average of 44 964 ova per fish. Fecundity was higher in this population than in populations from the Great Lakes.
A comparison of some values of blood samples from heart and tail vessels of the Urodele, Taricha granulosa
Authors: Friedmann G. B.
Published: August 2008

A comparison of the blood parameters, cell count, and haemoglobin level for heart and tail blood of adult Taricha granulosa is presented. Data from 10 pairs of cell counts and 7 pairs of haemoglobin levels indicate that heart blood yields values only some three-quarters as large as does tail blood for these two parameters.
Seasonal changes in the energy and nitrogen intake in reindeer and caribou
Authors: McEwan E. H. , Whitehead P. E.
Published: August 2008

The relation between energy intake and body weight of reindeer and caribou are summarized. The results indicate that caloric intake was 35–45% lower in winter than during the summer growth period. The relation between heat production and body weight also exhibited a cyclical pattern. Heat production per unit of metabolic weight decreased by 25% (mid-August to mid-November). From calorimetry studies, the relative proportions of protein and fat deposition from weaning to 12 months of age were estimated. The amount of digestible nitrogen required for N equilibrium amounted to 0.462 g N/W0.75 per day, a value comparable to those reported for cattle and sheep. The estimated metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance of a 70-kg reindeer in winter amounted to 5.5 Mcal/day, or about 200 kcal/W0.75perday.
Monogenetic trematodes from Newfoundland, Canada. 2. New species of the genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 from Labrador cottids
Authors: Hanek George , Threlfall William
Published: August 2008

Twenty-five fish of two species (Cottus bairdi, 10; Myoxocephalus quadricornis, 15) were collected at three locations in Labrador during August and September, 1969. Three new species of Gyrodactylus, namely Gyrodactylus labradorius n. sp. and G. lacusgrandis n. sp. from C. bairdi and G. nainum n. sp. from M. quadricornis, are described and figured.
Reextension mechanism of a scyphistoma's tentacle
Authors: Chapman David M.
Published: August 2008

The tentacles of Aurelia's scyphistoma are composed of ectodermal epitheliomuscular cells, a thin mesoglea, and an endoderm consisting of a single row of vacuolated cells lacking circular myofibrils. Tentacular shortening results from a shortening of the sheath-like collection of longitudinally disposed ectodermal myofibrils but reextension is effected by viscoelastic forces most likely residing in the mesoglea whose fibrils dissolve in collagenase as shown by the electron microscope. As the tentacle shortens it thickens and apical expansion folds open out; also, the cylindrical endodermal cells shorten, bulge, and pull in a wedge of highly strained mesoglea at the margin where neighboring core cells meet. The rate of tentacular reextension can be measured and analyzed. After brief periods of stimulation which contract the tentacle for a short time, reextension is fast at first, then slows later: after progressively longer periods in the shortened state there is a concomitant decrease in the fast phase and increase in the duration of the slow phase of reextension. The reextending force is best represented by a spectrum of retardation times, and like typical viscoelastic materials the distribution of retardation times is constant over relatively long times.
The size and shape of the salivary glands in some aphid species
Authors: Adams Jean B. , Wade Chester V.
Published: August 2008

Freshly extracted salivary glands from 18 species of aphids from leaf, bark, and root tissues of their respective host plants were examined without histological fixation. The typical glands were composed of paired principal and secondary lobes, connected by ducts. The size and shape of the principal lobes varied considerably. Attempts to trace the innervation of the glands were not successful because of the small size of the "nerves." The host plant did not appear to influence the size of the glands to the extent found by earlier authors in the species they examined. There was evidence of breakdown of glandular tissue in oviparae and "spent" viviparous females.
Copulatory behavior of the crayfish, Pacifastacus trowbridgii (Stimpson)
Authors: Mason John C.
Published: August 2008

The copulatory behavior of P. trowbridgii is described. The process is categorized sequentially as follows: (1) chelae contact, (2) seizure, (3) turning over, (4) mounting, (5) erection and locking of gonopods, (6) spermatophore deposition, (7) unlocking and recession of the gonopods, (8) release of the female, (9) dismounting, and (10) postcopulatory grooming by the female. Categories 2–9 are male activities. The male may swing one of the fifth pereiopods across the body to support the erected gonopods. Copulation lasts from about 10 to 20 min. Most spermatophores are deposited on the basal segments of the fourth and fifth pereiopods and on the fused sterna between them. Sexual recognition appears to be based primarily on the outcome of an encounter–response behavioral mechanism involving lowered aggression in receptive females but chemosensory information may be involved. Aggressive encounters during the breeding season are indistinguishable from the general fight pattern.
The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. III. Gammarus obtusatus Dahl
Authors: Steele D. H. , Steele V. J.
Published: August 2008

Gammarus obtusatus is found on rocky, moderately exposed shores from the Gulf of Maine to northeastern Newfoundland. A population at St. Philips, Conception Bay, Nfld., was studied from 1964 to 1965 and one at St. Andrews, Bay of Fundy, N.B., intermittently. Fifty percent maturity of the females occurs at 7.5 mm. Mature females produce a succession of broods between November and September, at which time they enter the resting stage. The November brood is released the next May. Fecundity increases with the size of the female. Individuals survive at the most for 1 year. The males are larger than the females.
Distribution and size of colonies of white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, in Canada
Authors: Vermeer Kees
Published: August 2008

On the basis of a count of 14 103 nests, the total breeding population of white pelicans in Canada was estimated to consist of 30 000 birds for the years 1967–1969, seven times higher than previous estimates. The boundaries of the Canadian breeding range of pelicans were found to coincide closely with the 0 °C isotherm in April, the southern boundary of the Canadian Shield, and the eastern boundary of the Rocky Mountains. As those factors appeared to be closely related to the availability of fish, it is concluded that the extent of the breeding range of the pelicans in Canada is mainly determined by the food supply. Besides availability of fish, pelicans appeared to require nesting sites inaccessible to mammalian predators.
Structure and ultrastructure of the neurohypophysis of the viviparous teleost, Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons
Authors: Leatherland John F.
Published: August 2008

The neurohypophysis (NH) of the viviparous seaperch Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons is composed of an anterior region made up of predominantly B-type neurosecretory fibers and small numbers of A-type fibers and a posterior region of predominantly A-type and relatively few B-type fibers. The anterior region interdigitates with the pars distalis and the posterior region with the pars intermedia. Glial cells and blood capillaries are common to both regions of the NH. In the posterior region glial cells and capillaries are largely situated along the perimeter of a zone of degranulated A-type (and some B-type) fibers; the zone of fibers is immediately adjacent to the 'boundary membrane' of the pars intermedia.The 'boundary membrane' is formed of two membranes separated by an amorphous matrix. In the posterior NH, the membrane completely separates neurosecretory fibers and adenohypophysial cells, whereas in the anterior NH, the separation is not complete and some neurosecretory fibers directly contact cells of the pars distalis. The 'boundary membrane' is closely connected with blood capillaries and may be involved in the transportation of adenohypophysial and (or) neurohypophysial hormone(s) to the capillary system.Terminals of A-type fibers with "synaptoid" structures are found adjacent to blood vessels, glial cells, and the 'boundary membrane' in the pars intermedia. Terminals of B-type fibers are found adjacent to the 'boundary membrane' in all regions of the pituitary and also close to glial cells: B-type fiber terminals adjacent to acidophils of the proximal pars distalis and blood vessels are less common.
Records of bat ectoparasites from the Caribbean region (Siphonaptera, Acarina, Diptera)
Authors: Tamsitt J. R. , Fox Irving
Published: August 2008

Twenty-eight species of ectoparasites, including one flea, one chigger, two ticks, six mites, and 18 streblids, are listed for 18 species of bats from Colombia, Guyana, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Most are new host or geographic records. Distributional observations are included when available.
Observations on the seasonal occurrence and egg production of the grasshopper Chorthippus curtipennis Harris (Insecta: Orthoptera) in Newfoundland
Authors: Phipps John
Published: August 2008

Grasshoppers, Chorthippus curtipennis Harris, were collected on grassy hillsides and in sphagnum bog near St. John's during the summer of 1969. Dissections of females showed that the usual number of ovarioles was four in each ovary, that oviposition was restricted effectively to the last week of August and the first 2 weeks of September, and that grasshoppers from the bog were more heavily parasitized by calliphorid larvae than those from the hillsides.
Ostertagia trifurcata (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in cattle in Canada
Authors: Slocombe J. Owen D.
Published: August 2008

Ostertagia trifurcata was found in a steer in Canada and now recorded for the first time as infecting cattle in North America. Adult female worms showed marked variation in the vulvar region and were shorter than previously recorded for the species in sheep. There was no history of the host either grazing or being housed in areas or adjoining areas previously used by sheep.
Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) in Metropolitan Winnipeg, Manitoba
Authors: Lubinsky G. , Baron R.
Published: August 2008

Cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps were found in Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii (Aud. and Bach, 1853) in Fort Gary municipality of Greater Winnipeg. A vegetatively propagated strain of these cysticerci was established in LDF1 mice, and their growth studied in other rodents.
GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
Authors: HILLMAN ARYE L.
Published: August 2008

Globalization enhances efficiency and economic growth and expands the domain of personal contact and communication. Nonetheless, globalization has also evoked discontent because of claimed social injustice. The relation between globalization and social justice therefore merits attention, in order to identify whether justifications for discontent are present and, if there are reasons for discontent, to establish whether globalization should be blamed.
POST-CRISIS EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES IN ASEAN: A NEW EMPIRICAL TEST BASED ON INTRA-DAILY DATA
Authors: FUKUDA SHIN-ICHI , OHNO SANAE
Published: August 2008

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what affected the post-crisis exchange rates of three ASEAN countries: Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia. Our critical departure from previous studies is the use of intra-daily exchange rates. The use of the intra-daily data is useful in removing possible estimation biases which the choice of numéraire may cause. It also contrasts exchange rates when official intervention is active with those when it is not active. We find significant structural breaks in the correlations when the East Asian market is open, which suggest strong monetary and real linkages among the ASEAN countries.
THE FOREIGN BANK EFFECT ON VALUE CREATION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS INCORPORATED IN THAILAND
Authors: HERBERHOLZ CHANTAL
Published: August 2008

Using quarterly bank-level data over the period 1997–2005, this paper examines the effect of foreign bank presence on commercial banks incorporated in Thailand, using traditional and value-based performance measures as indicators of the degree of competition and proxies for the efficiency in the provision of banking services. The findings suggest that foreign bank presence is not only beneficial in terms of traditional performance measures, but also in terms of economic profit. The results with respect to economic value added and cash value added, however, cast some doubt over the presumed benefits of opening up, underlining the importance of using a proxy that considers the cost of equity and departs from standard accounting principles. Furthermore, the results indicate that foreign entry through the acquisition of domestic banks appears to have a stronger and more beneficial impact on locally incorporated banks than through the establishment of branches, with majority ownership by a foreign blockholder being of importance.
TRADE INTENSITY AND BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONIZATION: THE CASE OF EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: RANA PRADUMNA B.
Published: August 2008

This paper examines whether increasing trade intensities among East Asian countries have led to a synchronization of business cycles. It extends the work of Shin and Wang (2004) in two ways: by improving the specification of their business cycle correlation equation and by extending the sample to cover the post-crisis period. The study finds that intra-industry trade, rather than inter-industry trade, is the major factor in explaining business cycle co-movements in East Asia. This result has important implications for the prospects of introducing a single currency in the region.
PRODUCTION SUBSIDY AS A MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN A STAGNATION ECONOMY
Authors: JOHDO WATARU
Published: August 2008

This paper analyzes the effects of a changing production subsidy in a model with money-in-the-utility function for households, monopolistic competition amongst an endogenously-determined number of firms, and nominal wage sluggishness that can prevent the equilibrium from attaining full employment. Its conclusion is that in a steady state with less than full employment (that is, under stagnation), a larger production subsidy will promote entry and stimulate effective demand provided that the elasticity of substitution among the differentiated products is sufficiently high. This paper is motivated by recent Japanese experiences.
STUDY ON FORM FACTORS AT EFFECTIVE VERTICES
Authors: YU YAN-MING , KE HONG-WEI , DING YI-BING , GUO XIN-HENG , JIN HONG-YING , LI XUE-QIAN , SHEN PENG-NIAN , WANG GUO-LI
Published: August 2008

The diquark structure in baryons is commonly accepted as a reasonable approximation which can much simplify the picture of baryons and reduce the length of calculations. However, a diquark by no means is a point-like particle, even though it is treated as a whole object. Therefore, to apply the diquark picture to phenomenological calculations, at the effective vertices for the diquark–gauge-boson interactions, suitable form factors must be introduced to compensate the effects caused by the inner structure of the diquark. It is crucial to derive the appropriate form factors for various interactions. In this work, we use the Bethe–Salpeter equation to derive such form factors and numerically evaluate their magnitudes. Our results not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively confirm the form factors phenomenologically introduced in literature.
ONE-LOOP RENORMALIZATION OF NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORY AND β FUNCTION BASED ON LOOP REGULARIZATION METHOD
Authors: CUI JIAN-WEI , WU YUE-LIANG
Published: August 2008

All one-loop renormalization constants for non-Abelian gauge theory are computed in detail by using the symmetry-preserving loop regularization method proposed in Refs. 1 and 2. The resulting renormalization constants are manifestly shown to satisfy Ward–Takahaski–Slavnov–Taylor identities, and lead to the well-known one loop β function for non-Abelian gauge theory of QCD.3-5 The loop regularization method is realized in the dimension of original field theories, it maintains not only symmetries but also divergent behaviors of original field theories with the introduction of two energy scales. Such two scales play the roles of characterizing and sliding energy scales as well as ultraviolet and infrared cutoff energy scales. An explicit check of those identities provides a clear demonstration how the symmetry-preserving loop regularization method can consistently be applied to non-Abelian gauge theories.
SOME NONRENORMALIZATION THEOREMS IN CURCI–FERRARI MODEL
Authors: WSCHEBOR NICOLÁS
Published: August 2008

In the present paper, a particular form of Slavnov–Taylor identities for the Curci–Ferrari model is deduced. This model consist of Yang–Mills theory in a particular nonlinear covariant gauge, supplemented with mass terms for gluons and ghosts. It can be used as a regularization for the Yang–Mills theory preserving simple Slavnov–Taylor identities. Employing these identities, two nonrenormalization theorems are proved that reduce the number of independent renormalization factors from five to three. These new relations are verified by a comparison to the already known three-loops renormalization factors. These relations include, as a particular case, the corresponding known identities in Yang–Mills theory in Landau gauge.
COLLAPSING AND STATIC THIN MASSIVE CHARGED DUST SHELLS IN A REISSNER–NORDSTRÖM BLACK HOLE BACKGROUND IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS
Authors: GAO SIJIE , LEMOS JOSÉ P. S.
Published: August 2008

The problem of a spherically symmetric charged thin shell of dust collapsing gravitationally into a charged Reissner–Nordström black hole in d space–time dimensions is studied within the theory of general relativity. Static charged shells in such a background are also analyzed. First, a derivation of the equation of motion of such a shell in a d-dimensional space–time is given. Then, a proof of the cosmic censorship conjecture in a charged collapsing framework is presented, and a useful constraint which leads to an upper bound for the rest mass of a charged shell with an empty interior is derived. It is also proved that a shell with total mass equal to charge, i.e. an extremal shell, in an empty interior, can only stay in neutral equilibrium outside its gravitational radius. This implies that it is not possible to generate a regular extremal black hole by placing an extremal dust thin shell within its own gravitational radius. Moreover, it is shown, for an empty interior, that the rest mass of the shell is limited from above. Then, several types of behavior of oscillatory charged shells are studied. In the presence of a horizon, it is shown that an oscillatory shell always enters the horizon and reemerges in a new asymptotically flat region of the extended Reissner–Nordström space–time. On the other hand, for an overcharged interior, i.e. a shell with no horizons, an example showing that the shell can achieve a stable equilibrium position is presented. The results presented have applications in brane scenarios with extra large dimensions, where the creation of tiny higher-dimensional charged black holes in current particle accelerators might be a real possibility, and generalize to higher dimensions previous calculations on the dynamics of charged shells in four dimensions.
RANDALL–SUNDRUM AND FLIPPED SU(5)
Authors: DUNDEE BEN , CLEAVER GERALD
Published: August 2008

In this paper, we construct a model based on a flipped SU(5) partial grand unified theory, within the framework of the Randall–Sundrum (RS1) proposal. Breaking of [Formula: see text] is achieved using a bulk scalar field in the 10 of SU(5), Φ, which gains a vacuum expectation value <Φ> ~ 3 × 1015 GeV . We are able to retain the successes of the [Formula: see text] phenomenology, specifically the confinement of all fields to the smallest (1, [Formula: see text], and 10) representations of SU(5). We derive the beta functions, and point out some constraints on bulk matter content implied by the runnings (and positivity) of the five-dimensional coupling. Finally, we comment on baryon decay and show the fine-tuning problem required to prevent an exponentially short proton lifetime.
NONALTERNATING KNOTS AND JONES POLYNOMIALS
Authors: NICHOLSON NEIL R.
Published: August 2008

We consider here nonalternating knots and their properties. Specifically, we show certain classes of knots have nontrivial Jones polynomials.
ALMOST EUCLIDEAN SECTIONS OF THE N-DIMENSIONAL CROSS-POLYTOPE USING O(N) RANDOM BITS
Authors: LOVETT SHACHAR , SODIN SASHA
Published: August 2008

It is well known that ℝN has subspaces of dimension proportional to N on which the ℓ1 norm is equivalent to the ℓ2 norm; however, no explicit constructions are known. Extending an earlier work by Artstein-Avidan and Milman, we prove that such a subspace can be generated using O(N) random bits.