bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive and Lifestyle Factors and Circulating sRANKL and OPG Concentrations in Women: Results from the EPIC Cohort
Authors: Sarink Danja , Yang Jiaxi , Johnson Theron , Chang-Claude Jenny , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Fournier Agnès , Mancini Francesca Romana , Kvaskoff Marina , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , Valanou Elissavet , Agnoli Claudia , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Van Gils Carla H. , Skeie Guri , Gram Inger Torhild , Weiderpass Elisabete , Lujan-Barroso Leila , Petrova Dafina , Santiuste Carmen , Quirós J. Ramón , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Travis Ruth C. , Gunter Marc , Dossus Laure , Christakoudi Sofia , Kaaks Rudolf , Fortner Renée Turzanski
Published: July 2019

Background:

Except for a documented increase in osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations with older age, data on determinants of soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (sRANKL) and OPG concentrations in women are limited. We evaluated reproductive and lifestyle factors as potential sources of variation in circulating sRANKL and OPG concentrations in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods:

This study includes 2,016 controls [n = 1,552 (76%) postmenopausal, n = 757 (38%) using postmenopausal hormone therapy (PMH)] from a breast cancer case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Serum sRANKL was measured using an ELISA and serum OPG using an electrochemiluminescent assay. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate associations between these analytes and reproductive and lifestyle factors.

Results:

Older age at blood collection was associated with lower sRANKL concentrations in postmenopausal women (Ptrend ≤ 0.03) and higher OPG concentrations in all women (Ptrend ≤ 0.01). Longer duration of oral contraceptive use among premenopausal women and postmenopausal PMH users was associated with higher OPG (Ptrend ≤ 0.04). In postmenopausal non-PMH users, sRANKL concentrations were lower with longer duration of oral contraceptive use and current (vs. never) smoking (P ≤ 0.01). sRANKL concentrations were higher among women with higher BMI (Ptrend ≤ 0.01). The evaluated factors accounted for 12% of the variation in sRANKL concentrations and 21% of the variation in OPG concentrations.

Conclusions:

Circulating sRANKL and OPG concentrations are minimally impacted by hormone-related factors in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Impact:

This study suggests circulating concentrations of sRANKL and OPG are unlikely to be strongly modified by hormone-related reproductive and lifestyle factors.
Choroidal Nevus and Melanoma in Patients with Oculocutaneous Albinism
Authors: Rishi Pukhraj , Trivedi Mihir , Sreelakshmi Kummamuri
Published: July 2019

Background: There are limited reports of uveal “melanocytic” lesions in patients with oculocutaneous albinism, with no reports from Asia. Objectives: In this study, we report 3 eyes with uveal “melanocytic” lesions in Asian patients with oculocutaneous albinism. Methods: Retrospective small case series. Three eyes of 2 Asian patients with oculocutaneous albinism were included. Case 1 was a 54-year-old female who presented with juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma and underwent enucleation. Case 2 was a 39-year-old male with pigmented choroidal nevus in the right eye and suspicious nevus/choroidal variegation in the left eye. Results: For case 1, metastatic workup including ultrasound of the abdomen, liver function test, and chest X-ray was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranium ruled out extraocular extension. The left eye was enucleated due to the large tumor size and poor visual potential, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma with mixed cell type. At the last follow-up 6 months after enucleation, there was no evidence of metastasis. Case 2 was observed. Conclusion: Pigmented choroidal nevus and melanoma are rarely observed in patients with oculocutaneous albinism.
Vascular Structure and Inflammation in a South African Population: The SABPA Study
Authors: Swart Carla , Lammertyn Leandi , Welsh Paul I. , Botha-Le Roux Shani
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective: Inflammation plays a role in the early onset of cardiovascular disease. However, longitudinal studies on this topic, especially in South African populations, are scant. We explored whether early changes in vascular structure are associated with changes in inflammation. Methods: We investigated 303 South African teachers aged 20–65 years at two intervals, three years apart. Standardised methods were used to determine carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) as measures of vascular structure, as well as the inflammatory markers soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at baseline and follow-up. Results: IMT and CSWA were higher, while CRP was lower at follow-up than at baseline. After adjusting for confounding factors, percent change in IMT was inversely associated with percent change in suPAR (β = –0.12, p = 0.036; adjusted R2 = 0.16) only, and only in the highest tertile of percent change in suPAR (r = –0.31; p = 0.002). Conclusion: The early structural changes observed are not related to higher inflammatory levels in this South African population. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible protective effect of suPAR on early changes in vascular structure, especially with the focus on cardiovascular disease prevention.
Catheter-Based Renal Denervation Attenuates Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis in a Canine Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Gong Liying , Jiang Fenglin , Zhang Zhihui , Wang Xinguo , Li Hui , Kuang Yan , Yang Guoping
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims: Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as an innovative interventional approach for reducing blood pressure (BP), suppressing ventricular substrate remodeling, and attenuating heart failure, which suggests that it might reduce kidney fibrosis in a canine model of high-fat diet-induced hypertension. This study thus sought to assess whether RDN could reduce kidney fibrosis and halt the progression of renal impairment in a canine model of high-fat diet-induced hypertension. Methods: Thirty-two beagles were randomized into either the normal control group (normal diet, n = 10) or the hypertension group (high-fat diet, n = 22). After successful establishment of the model, the hypertension model group was randomized to either the RDN group (n = 9) or the sham-surgery group (n = 8). Renal artery angiography, BP, heart rate (HR), and blood and urine biochemistry results were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Canines were sacrificed at 6 months after surgery. The extent of kidney interstitial fibrosis, transforming growth factor-beta 1, alpha-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, and E-cadherin protein were measured. Results: The group fed a high-fat diet had significantly (p ˂ 0.05) increased body weight, BP, and HR and higher levels of urine albumin, serum noradrenaline (NE), and angiotensin II (AngII) than the control group. The sham-surgery group and RDN group also had higher levels than the control group (p ˂ 0.05). Compared with the sham-surgery group, the RDN group had lower BP, urine albumin, serum NE, and AngII and less fibrotic tissue (all p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: RDN reduced BP, slowed progression of albuminuria, and suppressed renal remodeling in a canine model of high-fat diet-induced hypertension.
Risk of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth with Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Longitudinal Study with a Multilevel Approach
Authors: Paixão-Gonçalves Suzane , Corrêa-Faria Patrícia , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Ramos-Jorge Maria Letícia , Paiva Saul Martins , Pordeus Isabela Almeida
Published: July 2019

The risk of dental caries seems to be greater in the presence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). The aim was to determine whether the presence of DDE in the primary teeth of preschool children increases the risk of dental caries in the primary dentition after a period of approximately 2 years. This study was conducted in two stages: baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). At T0, examinations were conducted for the diagnosis of enamel defects using the DDE index (FDI, 1992), dental caries, and oral hygiene. The participants were allocated to two groups according to the presence (affected) or absence (unaffected) of DDE. At the second evaluation (T1), examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries. Poisson regression analysis with a multilevel approach was used to determine the association between DDE and dental caries. The two levels of the analysis were tooth and child. Among the 339 children (113 affected and 226 unaffected) examined at baseline (T0), 325 were re-examined at follow-up (T1). According to the multilevel analysis, teeth with enamel hypoplasia had a greater risk of having dental caries (RR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19–3.33). The risk of caries was greater on posterior teeth (RR: 2.59; 95% CI: 2.18–3.07) and maxillary teeth (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26–1.75) that had DDE at T0. On the child level, dental caries at T1 was associated with having dental caries at T0 (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.32–1.46). In conclusion, enamel hypoplasia and previous dental caries are risk factors for carious lesions in the primary dentition.
A Double Case of Nail-Patella Syndrome in the Same Family: The Importance of Nail Changes as Diagnostic Clues for Renal Involvement
Authors: Starace Michela , Di Altobrando Ambra , Alessandrini Aurora , Piraccini Bianca Maria
Published: July 2019

Nail diseases are rarely given significant importance in general consultation and their specific examination is often neglected, while localization to the nails could be an initial sign of a syndrome or a systemic disorder. Although rarely, nail alterations could be a sign of a systemic disorder, in which a prompt observation is crucial for an early diagnosis. We describe the case of an elderly woman with a long history of nail dystrophy, previously labelled as nail fragility. On enquiry, similar nail changes were discovered to have affected the patient’s son, who was visited the following week. Diagnosis of the Nail-Patella Syndrome (NPS) was suspected on the basis of nail alterations in both patients and confirmed by complementary radiographic examination. Screening for severe renal complications, which could have negatively affected the prognosis and have led to end-stage renal disease, followed. The prompt diagnosis of NPS and the associated diseases are mandatory for a correct management of these patients.
Hyperammonemia, the Last Indication of High-Volume Hemodiafiltration in Adult and Children: A Structured Review
Authors: Redant Sebastien , Beretta-Piccoli Xavier , Mugisha Aude , Attou Rachid , Kaefer Ketiane , De Bels David , Tolwani Ashita , Honoré Patrick M.
Published: July 2019

Ammonia is a neurotoxic molecule that causes cerebral edema and encephalopathy. Ammonia is either produced in excess or poorly purified during severe hepatic insufficiency, poisoning, infection, and inborn errors of metabolism. During continuous renal replacement therapy, ammonia clearance is determined by the dialysate flow rate and the dialyzer surface area. Extra-renal blood purification for ammonia clearance has been studied in neonates with urea cycle disorders. Prognostic factors affecting patient outcome are thought to be the duration of coma, the patient’s clinical status prior to dialysis, and the ammonia removal rate. In this review, we discuss the various dialytic modalities used for ammonia clearance as well as the thresholds for initiating dialysis and the better strategy ensures rapid patient protection from cerebral edema and herniation induced by hyperammonemia.
Eryptosis Is Altered in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Virzì Grazia Maria , Milan Manani Sabrina , Clementi Anna , Castegnaro Silvia , Brocca Alessandra , Riello Caterina , de Cal Massimo , Giuliani Anna , Battaglia Giovanni Giorgio , Crepaldi Carlo , Ronco Claudio
Published: July 2019

Background: Red blood cells (RBCs) undergo programmed cell death known as eryptosis. Triggers of eryptosis include increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, energy depletion and several uremic toxins. Little is known about the pathogenesis of eryptosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients; furthermore, its relevance in worsening clinical conditions in these patients is still not completely defined. Objectives: We investigated eryptosis levels in PD patients and its association with inflammatory and clinical parameters. Material and Methods: A total of 46 PD patients and 17 healthy subjects (CTR) were enrolled. All eryptosis measurements were made in freshly isolated RBCs using the flow cytometer. Results: Eryptosis was significantly higher in PD patients than that in CTR (p < 0.001). Eryptosis levels did not differ significantly between PD patients with and without diabetes, with and without hypertension, and with and without cardiovascular disease. Eryptosis showed no significant differences between patients treated with continuous ambulatory PD/automated PD, with Kt/Vurea value ≤1.7 and >1.7, with a negative or positive history of peritonitis. On the contrary, eryptosis showed significantly lower levels in PD patients with weekly creatinine clearance ≥45 L/week/1.73 m2 (2.8%, 1.7–4.9 vs. 5.6%, 5.0–13.5; p= 0.049). Eryptosis showed significantly lower levels in PD patients with residual diuresis (n = 23) than that in patients without (3.7%, 2.6–5.6 vs. 5%, 3.1–16; p = 0.03). In these 23 patients, significant negative correlations between percentage of eryptosis and residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR; Spearman’s rho = –0.51, p = 0.01) and diuresis volume (Spearman’s rho = –0.43, p = 0.05) were found. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated higher eryptosis levels in PD patients compared to corresponding levels in CTR. Furthermore, important PD comorbidity and main PD parameters do not influence eryptosis. Importantly, our data have reported an increase in eryptosis levels with progressive residual diuresis and rGFR loss, probably due to decreased uremic toxins clearance.
ПОТРЕБА ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ЗАВОДУ «ДНІПРОСПЕЦСТАЛЬ» В СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНІЙ ОРТОПЕДИЧНІЙ ДОПОМОЗІ
Authors: Samoilenko A. V. , Vozna I. V.
Published: July 2019

Мета: вивчити потенційну потребу в ортопедичному лікуванні, види зубних протезів та забезпечення працівників заводу «Дніпроспецсталь» стоматологічною ортопедичною допомогою.

Матеріали і методи. Оглянуто 913 працівників: 675 (73,9 %) чоловіків та 238 (26,1 %) жінок. Усіх обстежених поділено на чотири вікові групи.

Результати. У віці 21–30 років потреба у ортопедичному лікуванні серед обстеженого контингенту в середньому складає (73,9±0,35) %, 31–40 років – (85,3±0,47) % та сягає 100 % у віковій групі 41–50 років. Загалом потребують ортопедичного лікування (91,1±0,06) % обстежених ((96,2±0,04) % чоловіків та (88,5±0,08) % жінок).

За даними обстеження, серед працівників заводу повністю забезпечені зубними протезами 37,1 %, частково забезпечені та потребують додаткового протезування – 33,7 %. Частка  працівників, які мають потребу в протезуван­ні, – 29,2 %.

Відсоток працівників, які повністю забезпечені зубними протезами, з віком збільшується з 30,7 % у віковій групі 31–40 років до 58,2 % у віці 51–60 років. Відсоток обстежених, які мають зубні протези, але потребують додаткового лікування, сягає максимальних значень у віці 41–50 років, мінімальних – у віковій групі 51–60 років. У жінок ці показники в кожній віковій групі більші, ніж у чоловіків (р<0,05).

Частка працівників, які не мають зубних протезів, з віком знижується з 69,7 % у віковій групі 21–30 років до 18,2 % у віці 51–60 років.

Потреба обстежених працівників у поодиноких коронках складає (64,3±0,35) %, в мостоподібних протезах – (66,0±0,34) %, у часткових знімних протезах – (25,0±0,15) %, в повних знімних протезах – (7,7±0,53) %.

Висновки. За даними обстеження, потребують ортопедичного лікування (91,1±0,06) % обстежених працівників заводу. Повністю забезпечені зубними протезами 37,1 %, частково забезпечені – 33,7 %, а 29,2 % працівників мають абсолютну потребу в протезуванні.

Обстежені у віці 20–40 років потребують лікування незнімними зубними протезами, у віці 41–50 років – комбінованими зубними протезами, а працівники у віці 51–60 років потребують відновлення цілісності зубних рядів знімними пластинковими протезами.
АЛГОРИТМ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПЕРЕДУМОВ ДОКАЗОВОГО СКРИНІНГУ ТА ЛІКУВАЛЬНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В МЕЖАХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я ТРЬОХ РІВНІВ
Authors: Samohodsky V. M. , Smirnova V. L. , Panchyshyn N. Ya. , Holyachenko B. A.
Published: July 2019

Мета: представити організаційний алгоритм доказового скринінгу та лікувального менеджменту на прикладі оториноларингологічної медичної служби.

Матеріали і методи. Використовуючи методи структурно-логічного аналізу і цільового прогнозу, подано пропози­ції щодо технології реалізації доказового скринінгу в процесі вторинної профілактики та лікувального менеджменту на основі ретроспективного аналізу значної кількості історій хвороб і амбулаторних карт оториноларингологічних хворих Кіровоградської обласної лікарні за 10 років.

Результати. З метою підвищення якості оздоровлення мешканців зони відповідальності сімейного лікаря у статті запропоновано алгоритм організаційного варіанту реалізації доказового скринінгу при виконанні вторинної профілактики на кшталт «золотого стандарту» американської робочої групи превентивних заходів, а також механізм визначення реальної вартості лікування захворювань різних ступенів складності в процесі лікувального менеджменту на етапі ведення хворого від амбулаторії сімейної медицини до закладів охорони здоров’я вторинного і третинного рівнів медичного округу.

Висновки. Виконання анкетно-анамнестичного розділу доказового скринінгу патронажною медсестрою забезпечить формування «групи ризику» захворювань з очевидним економічним ефектом. Технологія розрахунку вартості працезатрат лікарів та вартості лікування захворювань сприятиме можливості обґрунтованого планування реальних фінансових потреб на оздоровлення мешканців зони відповідальності сімейного лікаря. З метою звільнення лікарів від чисельних розрахунків вартості лікування кожного захворювання необхідно створити відповідні комп’ютерні програми для закладів охорони здоров’я трьох рівнів медичного округу.
Glossopharyngeal and vagus neuropathy associated to stylopharyngeus muscle compression in horse guttural pouch – case report
Authors: Alonso Juliana De Moura , Hussni Carlos Alberto , Watanabe Marcos Jun , Alves Ana Liz Garcia , Marsiglia Marília Ferrari , Rodrigues Celso Antônio
Published: July 2019

Neuropathies of pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus are often associated with guttural pouches diseases; however, these branches of injury due to stylopharyngeus muscle compression are not reported. A case was reported of a quarter horse mare, 8 years old, 450 kg, presenting dyspnea and respiratory noise associated with weight loss. Clinical examination observed mixed dyspnea, tachycardia, dysphagia, sialorrhea, lung crackles and submandibular and parotid lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic exam showed right arytenoid chondritis, nasopharyngeal collapse, generalized larynx edema and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Right guttural pouch evaluation showed swelling in the origin of stylopharyngeus muscle with consequent compression of the XII, X and IX cranial nerves. Tracheotomy, systemic treatment with corticosteroids, beta lactams and aminoglycosides antibiotics were performed. No resolution was observed and, after 16 days, the animal showed clinical worsening, developed pleuropneumonia, uveitis, severe sepsis, acute renal failure and was euthanized. The mixed neuropathy resulted in rapid clinical deterioration of the animal, due to the difficulty in swallowing and consequent associated respiratory processes. This report emphasizes the importance of evaluating stylopharyngeus muscle origin in cases of nasopharyngeal collapse associated with dysphagia in horses, given the possibility that structural changes in this muscle can result in laryngeal neuropathy.
Seasonal variation of propolis from southern Brazil:
Authors: Fiordalisi Samira De Aquino Leite , Honorato Luciana Aparecida , Kuhnen Shirley
Published: July 2019

Previous studies have reported on the phytotherapeutic potential of propolis from southern Brazil (Urupema, Santa Catarina State), in particular, its efficacy in the treatment of bovine mastitis. The present study evaluates the effect of seasonal variation on the chemical composition of propolis from southern Brazil and its resultant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in the context of treating bovine mastitis. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was assessed, along with the cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells. With the exception of spring propolis, the flavonoid quercetin was the main compound present in all samples. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis against S. aureus from mastitic milk was 140 μg/mL for samples collected during the spring, autumn, and winter seasons, but 280 μg/mL for samples collected in summer. For MAC-T cells, the spring propolis extract was more toxic with an IC50 of 120 μg/mL. However, for 120 μg/mL of spring propolis extract, only 0.77% of necrotic and 37% of apoptotic MAC-T cells were found, respectively. Nonetheless, the induction of cell deaththrough apoptosis by propolis extract suggests less severe damage to bovine mammary glands. Moreover, only negligible seasonal variation was found in the chemical composition of propolis from southern Brazil, and no biological activities were determined to be harmful. Therefore, this propolis shows promise as an alternative to commercial antimicrobials in the control of bovine mastitis, offering support for organic milk production.
Anatomia do Legender: examinando a tradução colaborativa em Grey’s Anatomy
Authors: Stupielllo Erika Nogueira de Andrade , Bertoni Bruno Fernandes
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar as características principais que constituem o trabalho de legendagem voluntária atual pela investigação das mudanças implementadas nessa prática nos últimos anos em função dos desenvolvimentos das tecnologias de informação. A análise foi realizada com base na investigação da precisão dos termos técnicos traduzidos pelos membros da equipe de legendagem voluntária InSUBs, uma das mais renomadas da comunidade, para o drama médico americano Grey’s Anatomy. As legendas voluntárias foram comparadas às profissionais, e os resultados indicam que a prática deixou de ser amadora há algum tempo, podendo ser vista atualmente como um trabalho voluntário com respaldo em treinamentos, pesquisa e estabelecimento de normas técnicas.
The Goodland & Colchie’s Stylistic Pattern in a Translational Process for Brazilianisms compared with Brazilian Literary Works present in Translational English Corpus (Tec)
Authors: Serpa Talita , Rocha Celso Fernando , De Camargo Diva Cardoso
Published: July 2019

This article aims at analyzing possible stylistic patterns related to the translational process of brazilianisms present in a Darcy Ribeiro’s work, Maíra (1978), comparing it to other translations of Brazilian publications which integrate the Translational English Corpus (TEC). We base our research on canonical works of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (OLOHAN: 2001; BAKER: 1992 1993 1995; CAMARGO: 2005 2007), as well as of Terminology (FAULSTICH: 1995 2001 2002; BARBOSA: 2006), in order to investigate the sociocultural data by the use of WordSmith Tools - version 4.0 (SCOTT: 2004) and TEC Tools.  We intend to promote a reflexive observation of brazilianisms, with regard to variation and loans, providing subsidies for the comprehension of translation as a social and linguistic behaviour.
Uma análise de valores estéticos japoneses do período Heian: Miyabi e Mono No Aware
Authors: Sorte Junior Waldemiro Francisco
Published: July 2019

Este artigo dedica-se à análise de valores estéticos tradicionais japoneses, fundamentando-se em quatro elementos que, segundo Donald Keene, permeiam de forma geral as expressões artísticas japonesas, a saber: a simplicidade, a irregularidade, a sugestão e a perecibilidade. Foram examinados os seguintes valores estéticos, intimamente relacionados a esses quatro elementos, que se revelam como ideais ou qualidades essenciais na apreciação da beleza no Japão, sobretudo no período Heian: miyabi, ou refinamento e elegância da corte, que é observado sobretudo nos poemas incluídos na coletânea Kokinshû; e mono no aware, ou sensibilidade para com as coisas, valor que encontra na obra O conto de Genji sua expressão mais marcante.
Argumentos de oposição ao cristianismo no Japão do século XVII – Os casos de Fabian Fukan e Cristóvão Ferreira
Authors: Abrantes Miguel Carvalho
Published: July 2019

Através das obras Deus Destruído e A Decepção Revelada, respectivamente da autoria de Fabian Fukan e Cristóvão Ferreira, este artigo procurará apresentar a oposição ao Cristianismo no Japão do século XVII, com vista a traçar os vectores de oposição patentes nas obras destes dois autores.
東北地方の外国人住民を対象とした方言理解支援ツールにお ける翻訳上の問題点 ―東北諸方言とポルトガル語の対照研究―
Authors: 敬太 斎藤
Published: July 2019

東北地方の外国人住民の方言理解支援ツールとして作成した『東北地方の 外国人住民のための「くらしの方言集」』(“Coleção de Dialetos da Vida Diária” para estrangeiros residentes da região de Tohoku no Japão) において採用したポルトガル語翻訳 について、東北方言からの翻訳上の問題点を考察するために、翻訳した各単語につい てポルトガル語翻訳者への聞き取り調査を実施した。その結果、東北方言からポルト ガル語へ翻訳する際の言語学的な問題点には、「I　意味論的問題」として「I-a. 方言のほうがポルトガル語より意味範疇が広い」「I-b. 方言のほうがポルト ガル語より意味範疇が狭い」「I-c.　ポルトガル語に適切な語がなく説明的 になる」の3つの場合が存在し、「II　意味論以外の問題」として「II-a.　発音規 則」「II-b.　語順」「II-c.　テンス・アスペクト」「II-d.　人称」「II-e. 　対象」「II-f.　言い回し」の6つがあることが明らかになった。
Tesouro Nacional: A criação de bens culturais na Era Meiji
Authors: Ando Naoko
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo analisa a formação do Tesouro Nacional, os bens culturais de maior importância no Japão. Sendo a sua grande maioria obras de arte, pode-se considerar que o tombamento do Tesouro Nacional representa as particularidades da política japonesa de preservação do patrimônio cultural. Dessa forma, este artigo pretende revelar o desenvolvimento do conceito de Tesouro Nacional e analisar a origem da sua particularidade, desde o início da proteção de objetos antigos até a publicação da primeira lei, ocorridos na Era Meiji.
ANTI-INTUICIONISMO E ANTIFUNDACIONISMO: O PAPEL DA IMAGINAÇÃO NA EPISTEMOLOGIA DE PASCAL
Authors: Silva Dalila Pinheiro da
Published: July 2019

Em Pascal, por meio da crítica à razão discursiva que estava à sua época em vias de consagração, está em curso a defesa de uma concepção alargada da racionalidade, que procura estendê-la a partir de uma perspectiva anti-intuicionista e antifundacionista radical para dimensões da realidade que o arranjo epistemológico gestado pela filosofia cartesiana quer deixar de fora. A hipótese que gostaríamos de discutir é a de que essa subversão se dá pela desestabilização desse arranjo por meio da descrição que Pascal realiza, em Pensamentos, da faculdade imaginação, cujo interesse para o estudo da verdade deve ser considerado para que se possa entender a inflexão que a epistemologia pascaliana tenta empreender ante as outras de seu tempo.
Combating Euro-Centrism in Diplomatic Studies
Authors: Neumann Iver B.
Published: July 2019

In a rapidly globalising world, Euro-centrism — namely, the notion that the West deserves to occupy the centre stage of past and present world history — is unwarranted. It is both politically unjust and scientifically unsatisfactory, since it means that knowledge production proceeds according to habit rather than to need. The problem is not first and foremost an individual predicament. Most scholars of diplomacy study the state of which they are a national. This may be an inevitable division of labour. While individual scholars have an obligation to think about how different languages, different categorisation systems and different problems mean that a Euro-centric approach will only take us so far in understanding diplomacy as a global social form, this epistemological problem is located primarily on the level of diplomatic studies as such. The other contributors to this special issue propel our sub-field to a more multi-centric and scientifically higher level.
Western Assumptions in Non-Western Public Diplomacies: Individualism and Estrangement
Authors: Zaharna R.S.
Published: July 2019

Recently, there has been a drive to rebalance public diplomacy scholarship from its predominantly Western origins. However, even as we diversify to non-Western studies, buried assumptions laid in public diplomacy’s foundation may still continue to restrict our view of public diplomacy as a global practice. This Forum essay critically examines two of those assumptions. First, ‘individualism’ — as an ideal of separate, bounded entities — fosters a tight focus on individual actors and action, while often overlooking relational and contextual dynamics. Second, ‘estrangement’ normalises the idea of separation and alienation, a proposition not shared by other traditions that recognise diversity but presupposes inter-connectedness and commonality. From relational and holistic perspectives, mediating diversity is not the same as ‘mediating estrangement’. The goal of exposing assumptions is to recognise their limitations and create space for more relational and holistic perspectives to expand our vision from West/non-West to a range of global public diplomacies.
The Trichoptera of Kazakhstan: A review
Authors: SMIRNOVA DINA , KUSHNIKOVA LYUDMILA , EVSEEVA ANNA , GRISHAEVA OLGA , KRAYNYUK VLADIMIR , PILIN DMITRY , SKLYAROVA OLGA , EPOVA JULIA , BAYMUKANOVA ZHANNA , TIMIRKHANOV SERIK
Published: July 2019

A review of the Kazakh caddisfly fauna has been prepared for the first time based on literature data and results of the authors' own research. Currently 148 species of caddisflies of 59 genera and 17 families are known for Kazakhstan. The most diverse families are Limnephilidae with 35 species, Leptoceridae 20, Hydropsychidae 17, Lepidostomatidae 10, Glossosomatidae 9, and Rhyacophilidae 8 species. In total, these six families account for 67% of total biodiversity of the Kazakhstan caddisfly fauna. Other families are represented by fewer species: Psychomyiidae with 5 species, Hydroptilidae 7, Apataniidae 8, Phryganeidae 8, and Polycentropodidae 7. Only 1–3 species are known for each of the families Philopotamidae, Ecnomidae, Stenopsychidae, Molannidae, Brachycentridae, and Goeridae. The largest numbers of species are known from southern (80 species) and eastern (70 species) Kazakhstan, probably because the aquatic entomofauna in these regions and neighboring territories is better studied. Also, these regions are characterized with the most diverse natural conditions, from semi-desert plains to alpine meadows. Generally, the Kazakhstan caddisfly fauna is poorly studied, and it is expected that new records and new species will be found in Kazakhstan in the future.
Does Immigration Reduce the Support for Welfare Spending? A Cautionary Tale on Spatial Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Auspurg Katrin , Brüderl Josef , Wöhler Thomas
Published: July 2019

There has been a long-lasting debate over whether increasing ethnic diversity undermines support for social welfare, and whether this conflict thesis applies not only to the United States, but also to European welfare states. In their 2016 ASR article, Schmidt-Catran and Spies analyzed a panel (1994 to 2010) of regional units in Germany and concluded that this thesis also holds for Germany. We argue that their analysis suffers from misspecification: their model specification assumes parallel time trends in welfare support in all German regions. However, time trends strongly differed between Western and Eastern Germany after reunification. In the 1990s, Eastern Germans’ attitudes adapted to a less interventionist Western welfare system (“Goodbye Lenin effect”). When allowing for heterogeneous time trends, we find no evidence that increasing proportions of foreigners undermine welfare support, or that this association is moderated by economic hardship (high unemployment rates). We conclude with some general suggestions regarding the conceptualization of context effects in spatial analyses.
Effectiveness of a school-based social marketing intervention to promote adolescent sexual health
Authors: Chou Li-Na , Shen I Chin , Chu Tusi-Ping , Chen Min-Li
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Schools should design holistic sex education programmes to improve sex knowledge and enhance positive sexual attitudes among adolescents. A school-based social marketing sex education programme named Starting from love – Go! Go! Go! was designed. This study determined the effectiveness of the intervention to promote adolescent sexual health in junior high schools in Southern Taiwan.

Method:

A one-group pretest–posttest design was utilised. Cluster random sampling was used to select participants (seventh-grade students aged 13–14 years) from 24 junior high schools.

Results:

A total of 1,407 seventh-grade participants completed the survey. Among the 1,407 participants, 714 were boys and 693 were girls. The results revealed that the total average sexual knowledge score of the participants was 1.55 points higher after the interventions, indicating significantly increased sexual knowledge ( p < .001). The sexual attitudes of participants after the interventions significantly improved compared with those beforehand ( p < .001). Moreover, the sexual knowledge and attitudes of participants exhibited a positive correlation ( r = .357, p < .001).

Conclusion:

The proposed school-based social marketing sex education programme holds the potential to improve sexual knowledge and enhance positive sexual attitudes of the junior high school students and the educational efficacy of sex education with respect to sex-related concerns.
SPMgr: Dynamic workflow manager for sampling and filtering data streams over Apache Storm
Authors: Kim Youngkuk , Son Siwoon , Moon Yang-Sae
Published: July 2019

In this article, we address dynamic workflow management for sampling and filtering data streams in Apache Storm. As many sensors generate data streams continuously, we often use sampling to choose some representative data or filtering to remove unnecessary data. Apache Storm is a real-time distributed processing platform suitable for handling large data streams. Storm, however, must stop the entire work when it changes the input data structure or processing algorithm as it needs to modify, redistribute, and restart the programs. In addition, for effective data processing, we often use Storm with Kafka and databases, but it is difficult to use these platforms in an integrated manner. In this article, we derive the problems when applying sampling and filtering algorithms to Storm and propose a dynamic workflow management model that solves these problems. First, we present the concept of a plan consisting of input, processing, and output modules of a data stream. Second, we propose Storm Plan Manager, which can operate Storm, Kafka, and database as a single integrated system. Storm Plan Manager is an integrated workflow manager that dynamically controls sampling and filtering of data streams through plans. Third, as a key feature, Storm Plan Manager provides a Web client interface to visually create, execute, and monitor plans. In this article, we show the usefulness of the proposed Storm Plan Manager by presenting its design, implementation, and experimental results in order.
Open Access Publishing of Textbooks and Guidelines for Otolaryngologists in Developing Countries
Authors: Fagan Johannes J.
Published: July 2019

Accessing educational and scientific material is key to improving otolaryngology care in developing countries. Yet current financial models of publishers restrict access to academic information. This article describes the author’s experience with self‐publishing 2 open access textbooks, Open Access Atlas of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Operative Surgery and Open Access Guide to Audiology and Hearing Aids for Otolaryngologists, as well as the African Head and Neck Society (AfHNS) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Head and Neck Cancer in Developing Countries and Limited Resource Settings. The author outlines the simplicity, advantages, and popularity of this form of publication and why societies and individuals should embrace open access publishing to benefit especially those studying and practicing in developing countries. He discusses some of the challenges related to open access publishing and calls for medical societies to become involved in evaluating the quality of open access texts and videos for their members.
Safety and feasibility of virus-specific T cells derived from umbilical cord blood in cord blood transplant recipients
Authors: Abraham Allistair A. , John Tami D. , Keller Michael D. , Cruz C. Russell Y. , Salem Baheyeldin , Roesch Lauren , Liu Hao , Hoq Fahmida , Grilley Bambi J. , Gee Adrian P. , Dave Hema , Jacobsohn David A. , Krance Robert A. , Shpall Elizabeth. J. , Martinez Caridad A. , Hanley Patrick J. , Bollard Catherine M.
Published: July 2019

Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been shown to be safe and effective in stem cell transplant recipients. However, the lack of virus-experienced T cells in donor cord blood (CB) has prevented the development of ex vivo expanded donor-derived VSTs for recipients of this stem cell source. Here we evaluated the feasibility and safety of ex vivo expansion of CB T cells from the 20% fraction of the CB unit in pediatric patients receiving a single CB transplant (CBT). In 2 clinical trials conducted at 2 separate sites, we manufactured CB-derived multivirus-specific T cells (CB-VSTs) targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) for 18 (86%) of 21 patients demonstrating feasibility. Manufacturing for 2 CB-VSTs failed to meet lot release because of insufficient cell recovery, and there was 1 sterility breach during separation of the frozen 20% fraction. Delayed engraftment was not observed in patients who received the remaining 80% fraction for the primary CBT. There was no grade 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) associated with the infusion of CB-VSTs. None of the 7 patients who received CB-VSTs as prophylaxis developed end-organ disease from CMV, EBV, or adenovirus. In 7 patients receiving CB-VSTs for viral reactivation or infection, only 1 patient developed end-organ viral disease, which was in an immune privileged site (CMV retinitis) and occurred after steroid therapy for GVHD. Finally, we demonstrated the long-term persistence of adoptively transferred CB-VSTs using T-cell receptor-Vβ clonotype tracking, suggesting that CB-VSTs are a feasible addition to antiviral pharmacotherapy.
Traveling With Cancer: A Guide for Oncologists in the Modern World
Authors: Heng Sharon , Hughes Brett , Hibbert Michael , Khasraw Mustafa , Lwin Zarnie
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE

Travel for patients with cancer has become more achievable because of gains in quality of life and overall survival. The risk assessment of these patients is complex, and there is a paucity of data to which clinicians can refer. We present the challenges of traveling with cancer and a review of the literature.

METHODS

A review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed. A search using the terms ”cancer,” “advanced cancer,” ”metastases,” “brain edema,” “lymphoedema,” “pneumothorax,” ”pleural effusion,” “pericardial effusion,” pneumonitis,” “hypoxia,” “end-of-life,” and “shunt,” combined with “flying” and “air travel,” was conducted. The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language studies up to December 2018. Studies, case reports, or guidelines referring to travel in the context of adult patients with malignancies were included. A total of 745 published articles were identified; 16 studies were included. An inclusive approach to data extraction was used.

RESULTS

There were no specific criteria to deem a patient with cancer fit to travel. Neurologic, respiratory, and cardiac implications, and time from recent surgery or procedure need to be considered There was a lack of high-quality studies to inform decisions, but the British Thoracic Society and Aerospace Medical Association Medical Guidelines included recommendations for fitness to fly for patients with cancer.

CONCLUSION

In the absence of large prospective studies, individual fitness to travel should be assessed on a case-by-case basis, bearing in mind that maximizing a patient’s ability to safely travel is an important goal for many individuals with cancer.
Su Shi Renders No Emotion
Authors: Sturman Peter C.
Published: July 2019

A complex triangular relationship of ideas, naturalness, and emotion is distinctly evident in the artistic practice and theory of Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037–1101), the leading figure exploring ways to expand the expressive capabilities of the graphic arts in the late Northern Song. This article traces the evolution of Su's practice, focusing first on the close relationship with a cousin, the bamboo painter Wen Tong 文同 (1018–79). Examination of communication between the two men sets a historical framework through the decade of the 1070s leading to Su's first exile at Huangzhou. This is followed by analyses of key works of calligraphy related to Su's efforts to give visual form to a discourse on emotions that ironically includes a vocal declaration of the absence of emotions as a philosophical ideal. A final section draws attention to Su's one known painting, Old Tree, Rock, and Bamboo, and ties it to what can be learned from Su's poetic and calligraphic practice.
The Emotive Object in Medieval China
Authors: Moser Jeffrey
Published: July 2019

This article considers the emotional status of grave goods in medieval China. Its purpose is twofold. First, the author investigates the conceptual structures available for interpreting the emotional processes involved in medieval burials. He argues that it is possible, and indeed productive, to read grave goods as traces of emotional operations and, in so doing, to articulate a dimension of the embodied processes that structured and motivated wider developments in the social and cultural history of China. Second, the author demonstrates how sensory-based analyses of grave goods can elucidate intermediating processes among the conceptualization of emotion in philosophical texts, the representation of emotion in the literary and visual arts, and the actual experience of emotion in premodern China. Using the recently discovered cemetery of the Northern Song Lü family as a case study, he articulates the emotional function of the aesthetic appreciation that occurred when selecting objects for burial. In explaining the relationship between the sensorial affect of the grave goods and the family's commitment to the abstract ideal of sincerity, the author uses the concept of the emotive object to chart common ground for histories of thought and the arts in China.
Chen Hongshou's Laments
Authors: Burkus-Chasson Anne
Published: July 2019

Historians of Chinese literature and philosophy have written extensively about the significance of emotion (qing 情) in late Ming times (1522–1644). But how did a pictorial image manifest emotion, and how were its visible signs of emotion conceptualized? This article considers the dilemma that painters faced in general when they represented an expressive body: How could the display of emotion in gesture and facial expression be contained within the bounds of propriety? The author examines, in particular, how Chen Hongshou 陳洪綬 (1598–1652) resolved this dilemma in two figural paintings, one of which represents a sorrowful woman, and the other, a worried drunkard. She argues that Chen's representation of sorrow and anxiety was inextricably tied to the pictorial conventions utilized by the print designers of his day to illustrate dramatic, emotionally charged moments in a story. Hence, Chen animated the actors in his paintings with emphatic gestures and poses, complementing their expressive bodies with more subtly shaped facial features. But Chen's incorporation into his painting of what was at the time readily identified as “print” disturbed his figural compositions. As much as the expressive figures aroused an empathetic response from his viewers, the juxtaposition of incompatible manners of representation also made his work seem strange and preposterous. However, Chen's visual laments were derived from poems and historical anecdotes. The author argues that the verbal texts to which he alluded not only enhanced and justified his viewers' empathetic response to his paintings but also enabled him to delineate emotions that were otherwise eschewed by the painters of his time.
Image, Word, and Emotion: The Persistence of the Beautiful/Lovelorn Woman in the New-Style “Hundred Beauties” Albums (1900–1920s)
Authors: Li Xiaorong
Published: July 2019

The “hundred beauties” (baimei 百美) genre, begun in the late Ming and established during the Qing, conventionally depicted one hundred “beautiful women” (meiren 美人), selected from Chinese history through woodblock print portraits, biographies, and poems. During the transitional era from the late Qing to the early Republic, the genre saw dramatic transformation in both form and content as contemporary, emergent “fashionable ladies” (shizhuang shinü 時裝仕女) became subjects. This article focuses on how the traditional lovelorn woman derived from the “boudoir plaint” (guiyuan 閨怨) continues to dominate the new-style hundred beauties albums under fashionable appearances. The author aims to shed light not only on the technical construction, through words and images, of gendered emotions but also on the perspective and historical milieu of the creators.
Haunting, (In)Visibility, Filiality: Qiu Canzhi (1901–67) and Her Works of Mourning
Authors: Ying Hu
Published: July 2019

This article examines the connection between grief and issues of visibility. It focuses on the case of Qiu Jin's daughter Canzhi, who lost her mother to political execution in 1907. Her lifelong efforts at mourning and commemorating her mother illustrate how history was experienced affectively and individually. Negotiating between a traumatic past and a living present, Canzhi created a unique and readily recognizable icon of Qiu Jin. She mobilized the rich discourse of filiality and proved time and again that she was the one most closely resembling her mother, a filial daughter following in her mother's footsteps in forging a new path to modern womanhood.