bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of half circular obstacles in duct on natural heat transfer: numerical study
Authors: Mohammed Hafidh Hasan , Hatem Fares Amer , Al-Dulaimi Zaid M. H , Al-fahham Mohamed A.
Published: November 2020

The natural heat transfer in ducts depend on generating an induced flow due to the difference in density between the heated fluid and it is environment. The effect of reduce cross sectional area of a vertical isothermal duct by adding half circular obstacles to the inner side of the duct. The effect of the induced flow and obstacles were study using COMSOL software and compared to heat through same duct with no flow. The results that obstacles increase induced flow by 16% compared to normal vertical duct, Also shows a reduction in value of the maximum temperature of the hot surface at the solar peak heat flux (3:00 PM).
Free vibration and Flutter Stability of Interconnected Double Graded Micro Pipes System Conveying Fluid
Authors: Elaikh Talib EH. , Abed Nada M. , Ebrahimi-Mamaghani Ali
Published: November 2020

Functionally gradient materials and small-scale pipes have a great important in industry because of its wide applications in many engineering fields such as, fluid transport in fluidic devices. The aim of this work is to study the dynamic stability of double FGM micro pipes conveying fluid depending on a modified couple stress theory. The two micro pipes are connected together continuously through elastic spring. The vibration equations with boundary conditions are acquired based on Hamilton’s principle and subsequently, solved by Galerkin’s method. The results of this research were compared with results reported in the literature. A reasonable agreement was found. Also, the influences of a gradient index of the material, a parameter of a length scale, the outer diameter of micro-pipe on the critical flow velocity and resonant frequencies are discussed. The results displayed that the critical velocities and natural frequencies are increased hastily with an increase in a gradient index n
Investigation the effect of intensity and direction of light on the removal of reactive blue dye from simulated wastewater using photo-Fenton oxidation under UV irradiation: Batch and continuous methods
Authors: Sajjad Tabarek A. , Mousa Al-zobai Khalid M.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to remove reactive blue dye (R.B) from simulated wastewater by utilizing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using a photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe+2) system. A photo-reactor containing four fixed UV lamps had been employed in a batch and continuous mode under the effect of several operating variables (dosage of H2O2; dosage FeSO4; pH; temperature; irradiation time). Response surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) and Portable Statgraphics Centurion statistical software were used to design the experiments and conducting the mathematical correlation of the required responses as well as the interaction effects among variables. The optimal conditions of the operating variables; dosage hydrogen peroxide, ferrous sulphate, pH, temperature and irradiation time were 78 ppm, 20 ppm, 3, 40°C and 90 min, respectively which give 84.82% of removal efficiency. Then, the effect of light intensity and distance from a UV source were studied at optimum conditions in the batch photo-reactor where the highest dye removal efficacy was obtained at a light intensity of 24 w and a distance of 15cm. For continuous system, two operating conditions were studied, the direction of the light radiation and the flow rate which proofed that the dye removal efficiency decreased with an increase of flow rate and the top direction compared to the side direction of the light where the removal percentage of (R.B) was 100% for the flow rate of 10 ml/min while it was 84.16% for a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The results show that the photo-Fenton method is an effective treatment method of Wastewater containing dyes.
The role of open museums outdoors in the revival of intangible cultural heritage
Authors: Tahseen Eman , Aljumaily Saad Khudair
Published: November 2020

Urban environments suffer from weak investment of intangible cultural values in stimulating urban environments and public places that are popular with people, thus exposing them to forgetting and weakening the urban memory of the local community. Most countries that have historical roots of those values that can be invested in urban tourism support and maintain.

The idea of reviving the values of non-material through the creation of museums Anthropological (Open) Museums, That gives way to display that heritage to ensure community participation, cultural diversity and support for urban development. The levels of cultural expression have multiplied in museums, but they have emerged clearly in aspects including economic, cultural, urban memory, cultural planning, in addition to the aesthetic and symbolic aspects).

The research dealt with those levels that were extracted from previous literature and international examples related to the revival of intangible cultural values in open museums. The research found that museums have achieved an important role in the process of cultural revival of intangible values and make them visible to society at several levels, relying on the revival of stories, myths, customs, and social traditions that took place through the participation of the local community in working in these museums most of the time and turning those museums into points of attraction A mission that contributed to increasing social and cultural interaction, reviving economic and civilizational aspects, and providing job opportunities for the local community. I also contributed to increasing awareness and interest in these non-material values.
STRENGTHENING OF SELF-COMPACTED CONCRETE TWO WAY SLABS WITH OPENING USING NEAR SURFACE MOUNTED (NSM) FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hamad Azhar G. , Mohamad Ali Anis A.
Published: November 2020

The effectiveness of near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers on strengthening of self-compacted concrete two-way slabs with opening was investigated experimentally. The experimental work included testing eighteen specimen two-way slabs with an opening, which included 6 control specimens and 12 strengthened with CFRP strips and tested under four-line load around the opening. The dimensions of the slab specimens are (1000 × 1000) mm, (100) mm depth. The reinforced concrete slabs containing a single concentric opening with 3 different skew angles (0°, 30° and 45°) strengthened by CFRP strips. Strengthening effectiveness was investigated on slabs using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer strips with inclined and combined configurations. The results showed, firstly, that the load-carrying capacities of the self-compacted concrete slabs with openings have been decreasing with skew angle increasing and secondly that using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber- reinforced polymers increases the ultimate strength of two way slab selfcompacted concrete slabs by (1%—32%) for both strengthening configurations, with the combined configurations performing better. Also, the cracking load and stiffness increased, while deflection and toughness decreased.
Experimental study for steel arch beams of compact section with circular web openings
Authors: Hemzah Sadjad A. , Abdul Rasoul Zainab M. R. , Naser Zahraa A.
Published: November 2020

An experimental study for the behavior of steel arch beams with and without web circular openings, non-strengthened and strengthened using steel stiffeners had been investigated. Seven models of simply supported I shape steel compact section arch beams have been tested in laboratory. One of the models was without opening as control beam and the other six models were with openings and divided into two groups: Group (1) consist of three arch beams with different numbers of non-strengthened circular openings in various locations, Group (2) consist of three arch beams with circular opening and strengthened with steel stiffeners. There are four parameters considered in the test: existence of circular opening, location of opening, number of openings and strengthening effect using steel stiffeners. The test results showed that the presence of openings in the web at midspan of steel beams decrease the ultimate load capacity by about (12%) while edges openings had no significant effect on ultimate strength with same opening diameter.
Investigation and study of hydraulic fracturing and the efficiency of this in oil reservoirs naturally fractured and caven
Authors: Obeidavi Abdolrahman , Alattabi Abdulhuseeien N. , Salemi Ebrahim
Published: November 2020

Hydraulic fracture operation is one of the key technologies for the development of caven reservoirs. Modeling of hydraulic fracture processes to factors such as Situation of tensions, Shear strength and Orientation of natural fractures in the reaction(In particular, the potential for opening cracks in areas that are growing along the path of a hydraulic fracture) And also the length and height of the hydraulic fracture. Due to the presence of natural fractures with diffuse penetration and different orientations, the operation is complicated in caven reservoirs. For this purpose, two numerical methods are proposed for simulating the hydraulic fracture in caven reservoirs.In this paper, the hydraulic fracture model is considered in terms of the state of tensions, On the reaction between the hydraulic fracture and the natural fracture (45 °) And also the effect of length and height of hydraulic fracture, Developed and how to distribute induced stress around the well, In order to determine the direction in which the hydraulic fracture is formed in that direction The finite difference method and theindividual element for numerical solution are used and simulated.An inverse suction is an important parameter And in the operation of the hydraulic fracture will reduce production,This simulation is being studied. In every length of the hydraulic fracture, The rate of production is measured and the causes of changes in the input rate to the wells are discussed based on the natural fractures cut by the hydraulic fracture and the induction of the fracture. Finally, it can be seen that the optimum hydraulic fracture time will be The hydraulic fracture is able to connect natural fractures with large and large streams And finally, it is connected to the well, and there is a fundamental difference between the tensile and shear opening. The analyzes indicate that the growing hydraulic fracture, the tensile and shear stresses applied to the natural fracture.
Modified PRESENT Encryption algorithm based on new 5D Chaotic system
Authors: Jawad Kubba Zaid M. , Hoomod Haider K.
Published: November 2020

Cryptography is a major concern in communication systems. IoE technology is a new trend of smart systems based on various constrained devices. Lightweight cryptographic algorithms are mainly solved the most security concern of constrained devices and IoE systems. On the other hand, most lightweight algorithms are suffering from the trade-off between complexity and performance. Moreover, the strength of the cryptosystems, including the speed of the algorithm and the complexity of the system against the cryptanalysis. A chaotic system is based on nonlinear dynamic equations that are sensitive to initial conditions and produce high randomness which is a good choice for cryptosystems. In this work, we proposed a new five-dimensional of a chaotic system for a lightweight cryptographic algorithm. The proposed new chaotic system considers as super chaos. The NIST suite of all 15th tests is examined the proposed algorithm and showed high randomness and complexity.
Hybridization Method Based ECG Signals Classification
Authors: Al-din M. N Saif , Shawkat Abdulbaqi Azmi , Yusuf Panessai Ismail@Ismail
Published: November 2020

The ECG (Electrocardiogram) is the common reliable and easiest to utilize tool for diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. Manually diagnosing the arrhythmia beats is very hectic, as the ECG signals are non-linear and produce long records for analysis. It is very difficult for specialists to evaluate time domain features of minute variations, such as lines, intensity & intervals of ECG Signals in pure human judgments. This manuscript discusses an automatic approach to machine learning and the outcome of the initial algorithm identification of five separate heart rhythms. Support Vector Networks (SVN) is utilized to remove the features and besides that Independent Component Analysis ( ICA) is the technique utilized to provide reduction of dimensionality. The kernel support vector machine function works for the tenfold classification and the ECG Signal cross validation. The concept of variance analysis is utilized to select significant features, and accuracy reliability is measured by the assist of Cohen’s kappa statistics. The publicly available MIT-BIH database on arrhythmias is utilized to analyze various types of arrhythmias. This is a massive ECG data collection of various types of records and it includes five separate groups of classification arrhythmia such as SupraVEB, Non-ectopic, VEB, Unknown Beat(Ubeat) and Fusion beat(Fbeat). This methodology will produce an efficient tool to check a person’s cardiac health which will produce a smart, automated technology for the specialist and paramedics to deal with heart arrhythmia.
Virtual Environments Utilization for ECG Signals Analysis and Evaluation: Towards Heart Condition Assessment
Authors: Shawkat Abdulbaqi Azmi , Yousif Enas S. , Al-din M. N Saif , Yusuf Panessai Ismail@Ismail
Published: November 2020

The utilization of heart Electrocardiograms (ECGs) is to measure irregular heart rate and regularity and detection of an arrhythmia. Various ways are submitted and utilized for cardiogram feature extraction with a reasonable percentage of right detection. Although the problem stays open, especially with respect to superior detection accuracy in ECGs. In nature, The ECG signals are very sensitive signals, having voltage-level as low as 0.5-5 mv and frequency-elements fall into the range of 0.05-100Hz and the largest amount of the information received in the range of 0.05-45Hz. The recorded ECG signal includes various kinds of noises such as baseline wander, channel noise which becomes very critical to eliminating for the best clinical finding which assists in the patient. The utilization of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as wavelet transforms can be utilized to be a two-dimensional time scale process technique for feature extraction and classification task, therefore it’s appropriate for the non- stationary ECG signals (because of the sufficient range values and the shift in a timely) in LabVIEW. To implement the feature extraction and classification tasks, a separating wavelet transformation (consonant), and the wavelet transform can be two-dimensional time-scale practical technique was utilized. Hence, it is relevant for non-constant ECG signals (because of sufficient scale-values and transformation in timely) in LabVIEW. The flexibility, standard nature and simplicity to utilizing programming possible with LabVIEW, makes it less complex. The pro-posed algorithm is executed in two steps. First step, de-noises the signal from the cardiogram signal to get rid of the noise, then detects the pulse, our extracted parameters are heart rate, P wave amplitude, T wave amplitude, S value, Q value, R-value, P offset location, P onset location, T onset location, T offset location and the location of P, Q, R, S and T wave.
Various Denoising Techniques Utilization For Qualitative Analysis of ECG Signal: Towards the Proper Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Alawi Ahmad Tahseen
Published: November 2020

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an extremely powerful method for cardiovascular disease identification. Nevertheless, the ECG data is corrupted during the recording of ECG signals by several forms of noises as for example, power lines interference, base lines wandering, electrode movement, muscle movement (EMG) etc. Such noises / artifacts confuse the proper diagnosis of heart ailments and therefore their removal is much needed. Up to some degree traditional filters exclude the artifacts, but these filters are static and cannot adjust their coefficients to environmental change. Adaptive filtering algorithm and EMD are also utilized to exclude artifacts from the ECG signals. To decompose a signal whose IMFs represents the mean of a set of measurements, each consisting of a signal plus a white finite amplitudinal noise.
Classifying Facial Expression using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Raqim Raheem Khamael , Hadi Ali Israa
Published: November 2020

The human-computer interaction system is a success by deriving an effective facial expression recognition function. But it remains a difficult activity to understand facial speech. This paper sets out a novel Recognition of facial expression approach to the task. The approach proposed is motivated by the performance of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) on the face trouble with identification. Unlike other plays, we focus on having good accuracy while requiring only a small sample data for training. The proposed approach is tested on Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE). The accuracy increased compared with state-of-art results on the JAFEE dataset, where it achieved 95%.
Vision-Based Obstacle Avoidance for Small Drone using Monocular Camera
Authors: Raheem Nhair Retaj , Al-Assadi Tawfiq A.
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes an obstacle avoidance technique for small size drones by using a monocular camera. This method can assist the drone for doing their mission and avoid hitting any obstacle or minimise the collision as possible. For avoiding an obstacle while the drone is doing its mission, We use a computer vision technique to determines the free zone along with the obstacle that may cause a crash and send feedback control to the drone. The small size drone receives feedback about the obstacle and commands the drone to moves to a safe area then resume its trajectory.
Face Recognition and Emotion Recognition from Facial Expression Using Deep Learning Neural Network
Authors: Hussien Mary Ali , Bilal Kadhim Zubaidah , Saad Sharqi Zainab
Published: November 2020

Face recognition, emotion recognition represent the important bases for the human machine interaction. To recognize the person’s emotion and face, different algorithms are developed and tested. In this paper, an enhancement face and emotion recognition algorithm is implemented based on deep learning neural networks. Universal database and personal image had been used to test the proposed algorithm. Python language programming had been used to implement the proposed algorithm.
Encrypt Audio File using Speech Audio File As a key
Authors: Hassan Najwan A , Saad Al-Mukhtar Farah , H Ali Esraa
Published: November 2020

in this research, a new method for audio (.WAV) file encryption is propose using a random modification with two secret key applications. The proposed method provided a highly secure audio.WAV files and efficient audio files which have very high-frequency band. The proposed system is to convert speech audio file to text form, this text creates password seed with two keys using hash function, the first key encrypted using proposed algorithm then these keys used to encrypt the original audio (.WAV) file by using Rijndael algorithm.
Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: ghali Fatima , Ali Noor , yousif Atheer
Published: November 2020

Fingerprint identification is one of the most popular and reliable personal biometric identification methods. This paper describes an is to characterize the fingerprint using Matlab 2010 program and is working on reading fingerprint then being on a set of processes to derive characteristics, (converting the image to the gray level and then to binary image and then process, one conformation processes where to find internal and external borders of the image (fingerprint) and filtered edges and find minutiae. fingerprint properties, which include the forest and the endings are segmenting the image into blocks 3 * 3 and extraction of whether these blocks contain end or fork and stored the coordinates of these characteristics in the two-dimensional matrix to coordinate the x and coordinate y and delete the undesirable characteristics and determine its direction because (it is likely that the match imprint in the coordinates of the fingerprint Although fingerprint different in terms of imprint direction) and then compare them with a database include a range of Fingerprint characteristics were extracted in the same way to recognition the existence or non-existence within this group .
The GIS based Criminal Hotspot Analysis using DBSCAN Technique
Authors: Mohammed Abbas F. , Baiee Wadhah R.
Published: November 2020

Spatially Data mining used efficiently to extract any potential patterns and associations to detect hidden information from multiple sources data. In this paper, data mining Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise DBSCAN algorithm is emphasised. The importance in this work was using a prototype software to process the giving data into an understandable outcome throw clustering technique, it is a powerful method for criminal activities detection and pattern recognition to get useful information that can help police to reduce crimes. Spatial data mining is practical with geographical crimes data set and processing a large amount of crimes data. Police conventional way was manual and time-consuming using a pin on the wall. Therefore, it has to be developed and merged with advanced techniques. In this study, data mining clustering method was used to examine Baltimore, Maryland’s crimes information. The processed criminal data from the state of Maryland, Baltimore City was 340,924 cases and 16 attributes to reflect the cases between 2012-2018. DBSCAN algorithm is utilized to cluster crimes incidents focused on certain predefined events and the outcome of these clusters employed to find hotspots. The clustering findings are visualized by the GIS to make crimes distribution on the map at real-time for the law enforcement to understand and interact
Predicting International Adoption Visas in the United State
Authors: Saleh Noora N. , Miner Kaitlyn
Published: November 2020

For Americans who wish to adopt children from other countries, international adoption visas are issued to the child for entrance into the United States. With the Laws and regulations are changing so often, the number of international adoptions fluctuating with these changes. We are interested in forecasting future visa values from prior visa value data. Our results support that it is possible to predict future international adoption visa numbers but for only a few years into the future due to the laws and regulations changing frequently.
On Some Types of Fuzzy δ-Connected Spaces in Fuzzy Topological Space on Fuzzy Set
Authors: Abdulkhalik Alkhafaji Muner , Raad Abd Dalia
Published: November 2020

In this paper we introduced and study some types of fuzzy connected spaces like (Ω- connected space, α – Ω-connected space, feebly-connected space, α-connected space, β- connected space, Sp-connected space, a-connected space) and the relationships between them and fuzzy δ-connected space in fuzzy topological space on fuzzy set. And We give counter examples if they are invalid And introduce Some theorems are included about this object.
On a Smarandache Closed and Completely Filter of a Smarandache BH-algebra
Authors: Mohsin Luhaib Qasim , Hadi Abbass Husein
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the notions of a Smarandache closed filter and Smarandache completely closed filter of a Smarandache BH-Algebra are introduced Also, Some properties of these notions are studied.
The Action of Hesienberg Group on Finite Dimention Manifold
Authors: Ibrahim Lafta Hana , Mohammad Alwan Bahaa , Fahad Ahmad Rasha
Published: November 2020

Our goal in this paper is introduce the action of hesienberg group on finite dimention manifold M. the interrelation ship between hesienberg group and the finite dimention manifold M is an old and vast subject. To simplify this treatment we work with liealgebra defined on a finite dimention manifold M, the heisenberg group forned an action over these liealgebra on finite manifold M.

No doubt, anotion on the heisnberg group can constitute avery important situation in the a differential finite manifold M, therefore, our work presents a key role mainly in some properties and characteriztions of the action of heinberg group on finite dimention manifold M, and also we study characterization on the relation between heisnberg group and finite dimention manifold M, then we introduce an an action of heisnberg group by the tensor product of the two repersentation which are (Acolyte groups) on hom (V2, V1’) be the tensor product of two representations of heisberg group and construct the definition of AC-heisnberg group, also study the properties of this action.
A study of Chemical Composition and determination of acrylamide in fried potato chips
Authors: S. Yaseen Sabraa , A.Khalf Anwar , I. AI-Hadidy Yasmeen
Published: November 2020

This study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and estimation of acrylamide in fresh and fried potato chips for the models under study. This study was conducted at the Food Science Laboratories, college of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Iraq. After selecting the potato class used in this research, deep frying was carried out at different temperatures (100, 130, 150, 170, 180), and the time period for frying was (4) minuets..After the process of deep frying of the samples was completed, several analyzes processes were conducted to determine the causes of the formation of acrylamide and the factors affecting it. Potato samples were analyzed for the chemical composition before and after the frying process of the potato chips. The moisture content was measured by a drying oven, and the protein content was measured by Kjeldahl method, the fat content was measured by the speculate method, sugar and ash. The chemical composition of the fresh potato was found to be 76.3%, 0.2%, 2.7%, 1% and 19.8%). The results of the chemical composition of fried potato chips found that the highest humidity at 100 ° C for 4 minutes was 53.2% and the lowest moisture content was 10.12% at 180 ° C for the same period. The highest fat content was 34.04% at 180 ° C and the lowest fat content was 18.03%. The highest protein was at 130 ° C and 1.50%. The highest ash was at 180 ° C and was 3.11% for 4 minutes. As for sugars, the highest percentage was 51.79% when treated 180 ° C for the same period. As for the estimation of acrylamide in the samples of this study, acrylamide was extracted with water (because it has high water solubility) and alcohol Results showed that the formation of acrylamide in fresh potato chips was 5 mg / kg at a time of 4 minutes. As for the formation of acrylamide in fried potato chips at the same period and at different temperatures was (100, 130, 150, 170, 180 ° C), the highest ratio of acrylamide was 2416 μg / kg at 180 ° C compared to the lowest of 136 μg / Kg at 100 ° C and for the same duration of 4 minutes.
Synthesis, Characterization and antibacterial Study of some Complexes Derivatives from1,3,4– Thiadiazole Schiff base
Authors: Basher Naeem A. , Flifel Ibrahim A. , Mashaf Abdulateef A.
Published: November 2020

The present study included preparing a new ligand from the thiadiazole derivatives from react between 1,2,5-dihydrazine, 1,3,4-thiadiazol with 4-Dimethyl amino benzaldehyde with a ratio of (1:2) to preparing the ligand (L1) Transition ions complexes (Co+3, Cu+2) were prepared with ligand (L1), the ligand and its complexes were characterized using the elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), Infrared spectrum (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H-NMR), Mass spectroscopy, magnetic sensitivity, and molar conductivity, the practical results were exactly in line with the molecular formula and structural formulas for the compounds. The program (Hyper Chem) was used to draw ligands and their complexes and to show the distribution of electron density.

The results obtained from the study of magnetic sensitivity and molar conductivity of the prepared ligand complexes confirmed that the geometry shape of [L1CoCl3] is an octahedral complex, while [L1CuCl2] is a square planner complex. The results of molar conductivity also confirmed that the prepared cobalt complex is electrolytic, while the [L1CuCl2] complex is non-electrolytic.

The biological activity of the prepared ligand and its complexes were tested against two types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli in comparison with the standard inhibitor (Ciprofloxacin), the obtained results confirmed the biological activity of the prepared ligand was more than the standard inhibitor (Cipro) against Escherichia coli also the complexes (A1, A2) showed higher biological activity than the standard inhibitor (Cipro) against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), the ligand and its prepared complexes don’t show biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus(Gram-positive).
Preparation and Characterization of a three-component hydrogel composite and study of kinetic and thermodynamic applications of adsorption of some positive and negative dyes from their aqueous solutions
Authors: Adheem Hamzah M. , Jasim Layth S.
Published: November 2020

The composite hydrogels (AAC-co-AM)-g-MCC based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) were synthesized by free radical polymerization in an aqueous suspension of (MCC) which use as initiator for the reaction, the structure and surfaces of hydrogels was characterized and analyzed with (FTIR), Xray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), (FE-SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

The adsorption mechanisms understand the dyes on surface of composite by thermodynamic Study of adsorption process Which include measuring the Enthalpy and Entropy and Gibbs energy, In addition, the dyes adsorption process accorded with pseudo-second-order rate equation, It also showed that adsorption isotherm of the composite Hydrogel is govern by Langmuir and Friendlish equations, The adsorption of dyes is a Physical adsorption, Based on structure analysis and adsorption kinetics of composite, the adsorption process was controlled by the ion-exchange mechanism.
Evaluation of nanostructures for wastewater in removing heavy elements and their effect on pea plant growth(Pisum sativum)
Authors: Tayob Oday Fareed , Khaleel Rana Ibrahim , Mahdi Wael Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The study was conducted to find out to what extent non-conventional water utilization in the agricultural field is possible, e.g., wastewater treated with nanomaterial alternatives. The research encompassed two laboratory experiments: The first one was to discover the efficiency of the nanomaterial used to remove heavy elements, such as (Cu, Mn, Zn), from raw wastewater and the laboratory concentrations were () mg × L−1; and the second one was to test the effect of Nano-treated water on the percentage of pea seed germination in sterile plastic pots and three duplicates per parameter as a vital indicator. The experiment parameters included: (T1) tap water; (T2) raw wastewater; and (T3) Nano-treated wastewater using TiO2. As for the third experiment, it was field-implemented by cultivating the plastic pots in the greenhouse of the Department of Life Sciences, University of Samarra, at the onset of January 2019 to see the effect of Nano-treatment, used on concentrations of the heavy element of zinc, on the vegetative parts of the local pea plant.
Enhanced cellular uptake and anti-cancer potentials of gold nanoparticles conjugated with cell penetration peptide against lung cancer cells
Authors: Al-Dulimi Ali G. , Al-Saffar Ali Z. , Sulaiman Ghassan M.
Published: November 2020

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are often conjugated in the biomedical field with biocompatible peptides, although the effect of biocompatible GNP peptides on cellular responses is still not clearly understood. In the current study, GNPs with / without peptide were used as model probes to investigate the cytotoxicity to the human lung cancer cell line (A457) and human normal breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100). GNPs and GNPs-RGD preparation was confirmed and characterized using UV – VIS spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, FTIR, and TEM. The anticancer effect to A457 cell line was estimated using MTT assay. Our results show that the GNP-RGD had found significant tumor targeted efficacy and decrease in proliferation of A457 cell line compared with HBL-100 which appeared normal growth. Overall, our finding suggests a potential therapeutic effect of GNPs-RGD as a novel anti-cancer drug to be further developed and offer a beneficial targeting therapy.
The Antibacterial activity of Spirulina platensis aqueous extract and Chitosan nanoparticles on bacterial isolates from different human Sources
Authors: Nayyef Sura H. , Thalij Karkaz M.
Published: November 2020

This study has involved the test of antibacterial activity for Spirulina platensis aqueous extract (SPAE) and Chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Granulicatella adicans that isolated from different infection sources. The results were showed that 200mg/ml of SPAE showed an ability to inhibition of bacterial isolates at inhibition zone diameters IZD at 22, 20, 25, 13, 11, 26 and 11 mm. While the 100mg/ml of CHNPs was inhibited effects at 37, 29, 27, 37, 38, 41 and 36 mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC of SPAE against P. aeruginosa, K.pneumonia, E. coli, S. pneumonia was at 50%, while S. paucimobilis, G. adicans and S. aureus were at 100%. The used of 75mg/ml of SPAE or 12.5 mg/ml from CHNPs have significant synergism inhibition effects with each 25 μg Amoxicillin, 10 μg Ciprofloxacin and 15 μg of Azithromycin against the bacterial isolates compared with the antibiotic actions alone.

The conclusion was showed that SPAE and CHNPs has inhibiton activity against the bacterial isolates and increased significantly when mixture with the antibiotics.
Theoretical Study for Some Physical Concept
Authors: Jabbar Rashid Hashim , Hilal Israa Hadi
Published: November 2020

This study aims to verify the possibility of converting the charge into energy as is the case in converting the mass into a charge according to the law of the relationship between the charge and the mass of Einstein, as well as calculating the wavelength accompanying the charge carried by the moving charged body, as well as studying the phenomenon of producing a pair more deeply.
Assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards in some flooring materials used in Karbala governorate, Iraq
Authors: Omron Auras Muse , Salim Manar Dheyaa
Published: November 2020

The radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U in 20 specimens of commercial flooring materials used in Karbala governorate, were measured using (HPGe) system. The results of measurements have shown that highest value of specific activity of for 238U which was 294.570Bq/kg (granite; Vietnamese origin), 232Th which was 88.808Bq/kg (granite; Italian origin) and 40K which was 284.580Bq/kg (marbles; Iranian origin), which were less than the worldwide average (UNSCEAR,2000). The various hazard indices were also calculated to assess the radiation hazard. It was found that none of the results exceed the recommended limit value. All specimens in this paper are within the recommended safety limit and do not present huge radiation dangers.
Physical and biological synthesis of GNPs and keratin nanoparticles from chicken’s feather and applications
Authors: Khamees Entidhar Jasim
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we aim to synthesize keratin nanoparticles from chicken’s feather. Crude keratin was extracted by chemical method. We obtained results for keratin nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNps prepared by way Laser Ablation) with keratin nanoparticles for the production of antibacterial materials. NPs samples were characterized using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The absorption spectra were measure by UV-Visible, double beam spectrophotometer. Three types of pathogenic bacteria were used in this study (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli) in addition to one opportunistic yeast (Candida albicans). Nano-creatine particles can be used for wound dressing as well as cosmetic preparation.
The Morphology and Electrical Characterization for external doping (POT)
Authors: Rajab Manal. Z. , Ziadan Kareema. M.
Published: November 2020

In this work, Poly (o-toluidine) have been Built up by oxidizing polymerization (o-toluidine) in an acid medium. The polymer was distinguished by emissions by EDX, SEM, and the electron. external doping has been used. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in a thin-film mixture. Two-probe methods have been used in the measurement of electrical conductivity. The effect of different temperatures on conductivity has been studied. We find low conductivity about 0.0202* 10−4 S/cm.
Classification of Optical Images of Cervical Lymph Node Cells
Authors: Attia Salim J.
Published: November 2020

the study considers the optical classification of cervical nodal lymph cells and is based on research into the development of a Computer Aid Diagnosis (CAD) to detect the malignancy cases of diseases. We consider 2 sets of features one of them is the statistical features; included Mode, Median, Mean, Standard Deviation and Maximum Probability Density and the second set are the features that consist of Euclidian geometrical features like the Object Perimeter, Area and Infill Coefficient. The segmentation method is based on following up the cell and its background regions as ranges in the minimum-maximum of pixel values. The decision making approach is based on applying of Minimum Distance which give accuracy of 97%.
Effect of Solar radiation induced and alpha particles on Nonlinear behavior of PM-355 film
Authors: Al-Salihi Abdalrahman , Salim Rusul D. , Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Badran Hussain A.
Published: November 2020

In the current work of radiology, polymeric sheets of the PM-355 nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were exposed with α-particles and solar radiation for several exposure times. The absorption spectrum of samples exposed to the sun showed that the edge of the absorption accidentally changed to longer wavelengths. An investigation of continue waveguide laser effects on the nonlinear absorption properties of nuclear track polymer has been done. Non-linear absorption increases with increasing levels of exposure to sunlight and is highly connected to revealed surface morphology and chemical structural modifications. In case of high solar radiation flux and α-particles irradiation, the nuclear track detectors showed high nonlinearities, represented by the appearance of a number of diffraction rings.
Nuclear Structure and Energy Levels of 158Er, 160Yb and 162Hf Isotones
Authors: Kassim Huda H. , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed , Yousif Mutasim M. , Ahmed Imad M. , Sharrad Fadhil I.
Published: November 2020

The properties of even-even158Er, 160Yb and 162Hf isotones are studied and its energy states calculated. To identify the properties of each isotone, the values of the first excited states

E

2
1
+

and the ratio of the second to the first excited states

R

4
/
2

=
E

4
1
+

/
E

2
1
+

were adopted. The phenomenon of back-bending, the E-GOS curve and the odd-even staggering were studied. Examining the algebraic structure of the Bohr model (BM) clarified the relationship with the interacting vector boson model (IVBM) and the interacting boson model (IBM) which it has related solvable limits and corresponding dynamical symmetries. BM, IVBM and IBM were used to calculate the energy states for each isotone and compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the BM and IVBM are more comfort than the calculation of IBM-1. The contour plots of the potential energy surface (PES) to the IBM Hamiltonian for Er–Hf with N = 90 have been obtained using the intrinsic coherent state and evolve from deformed shapes to γ- unstable with decreasing the boson number.
Energy levels and electromagnetic transitions of some eveneven and even-odd Barium Isotopes
Authors: Mutsher Saher M. , Salman Emad A. , Sharrad Fadhil I.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the nuclear structure of Barium nuclei has been studied by interacting boson model. The properties of eigenstates and reduce probability of electric transition and potential energy surface have been calculated. The nuclei understudy has proton number equal 56 and neutron numbers 75 and 76. The results of energy states and B(E2) values have been compared with the experimental data. These comparisons show that acceptable between the calculations and experimental data. The parameters which used in the calculation have been estimated and give best approximation. The shape of potential energy surface show that the even-even nucleus have O(6) dynamical symmetry.
Improving the attenuation Ability of gamma rays for silicate glass system composites (GS-PbO): a comparative theoretical study
Authors: Alhammashi Milad A.R. , ALattabi Hadi D. , Aldhuhaibat Mohammed J. R.
Published: November 2020

Mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were calculated for seven models distributed between the ordinary concrete (Conc.), The silicate glass system (GS), and the composite of (1-x)GS-(x)PbO, where x = 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, and 0.75 fractions by weight (wt), using the XCOM and XMuDat programs for the range of gamma photon energies from 0.1-50MeV. The results of the calculations of the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), the half value layer (HVL), the relaxation distance length (λ), and the transmission factor (T) showed a marked improvement in the ability of radiation attenuation when increasing the concentration of the reinforcement material in the composites. In general, the values of μ were inversely proportional and the values of HVL, λ, and T were exponentially proportional with increasing gamma photon energy values up to 10MeV, after which their behavior was gradually slightly reversed for all samples of the composites. Finally, the results showed that μ increased exponentially, at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333MeV energies, with the increase in the reinforcement material which achieved the highest values at the energy of 0.662MeV. Also, the values of HVL, λ, and T of different thickness values of shield material decrease linearly with increasing reinforcement material, and T values increase significantly with increased sample thickness for all types of shields.
Synthesis and analysis of gold nanoparticles produced by laser
Authors: Al Hassan Mu’ataz S. , Alali Najeh
Published: November 2020

Gold nanoparticles are produced by employed nanosecond pulses of Nd:YAG laser using laser ablation process in liquid. The two systems used are Nd:YAG of 6 and 10 nanoseconds pulse duration with variable energy in the range (700-760 mJ ). The formation of gold nanoparticles has been rerealed using TEM with uniform size distribution. Also, it has been discovered that the mean nanoparticles sizes of 70 and 100 nm for gold respectively when similar laser parameters are used. In addition, theoretical Mie-Gans model was used to estimate the temperature distributions for both gold nanoparticles. Another aspect that has been discovered is that the maximum temperature of about (40 k K° ) and (60 k K°) for gold nanoparticles, especially to prepare nanoparticles in the presence of Nd:YAG of 10 ns.
Plasma Parameters Generated from Iron Spectral Lines By Using LIBS Technique
Authors: Ahmed Baida M.
Published: November 2020

An interesting LIBS technique was used to investigate the optical emission spectral plasma of iron metal properties. To generate plasma from the surface Fe, Q-switched Nd-YAG laser with wavelength 532 nm and a focal length 10 cm was used with different energies (500-800) mJ. Then plasma parameters were calculated; electron density ne ranged between (0.92-1.4) × 1018 cm−3, the electron temperature Te was in the range of (2.19-2.59) eV. These calculations were done using Boltzmann’s plot and the Stark broadening respectively depending on the experimental spectrum, and followed up to estimate the others plasma parameters, Debye length (λD), frequency (fp
) and the Debye sphere (ND). Results indicate that plasma parameters are proportional to the energy of laser due to the increase in the intensity of spectral lines energy, and that plasma shielding of iron increases with laser energy in the range of (3.2-4.3).
Calculating of crystalline size, strain and Degree of crystallinity of the compound (HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+σ) by different method
Authors: Kamil Mustafa K. , Jasim Kareem A.
Published: November 2020

In this study the compound Hg Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+σ was fabricated by RF-sputtering technique on the quartz substrate with a temperature of 100°C. The study of the diffraction of X-ray on The nature of the crystallizing of Hg Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+σ one Crystal system tetragonal structures. The Full width at half maximum (FWHM) was calculated by the Orange Pro program by using X-RAY data. The crystalline size and stress were calculated by Scherrer Williamson-Hall Halder-Wagner and size-strain plot methods Where the average of crystalline size and stress (54.5 nm 5.8 X 10−3) respectively.and Degree of crystallinity was equal to (33.6%)
Finding Bulk etch rate VB using the maximum value of the Lmax effect using practical diameters calculated from the falling alpha particles on the CR-39 nuclear track detector
Authors: Muhamad Laith Mounir , Qassem Yasser Yahya
Published: November 2020

A lot of research was focused on studying the engineering shape of the impact and its development and finding its parameters. It was based on pictures of the side effects of the effects formed in the detector as a result of the detector’s etching. Obtaining pictures of the side effects of the effects to measure their lengths is a difficult process compared to its diameters. There are many methods used to find Bulk etch rate VB including gravimetric method or thickness difference; but we will use in this research an alternative method to find VB which is the maximum value method for saturation of the effect length “Lmax-method”. Using the source Am241 (1μCi) emitting alpha particles in irradiation of the PDAC CR-39 irradiation With MeV energies (2.3,3.3,4.3), the detectors etching by NaOH aqueous solution at different concentrations (N: 6,7,8) at a temperature of 70±1 °C, we suggested in our research a D-Le calibration method that is based on direct experimental measurement of the diameters of the projected effects in Detector instead of lengths. An empirical relationship was used to find VB, which depends on the maximum values of saturation of effects lengths and their saturation times. The results we obtained for VB values at the concentrations used were (1.199,1.490,2.184) μm h−1in order and they correspond well to the values resulting from different methods, it is observed The Bulk etch rate increases with the concentration of the abrasive solution, and the maximum values of saturation of the effect length are directly proportional to the energy of the bombing particles and the time of saturation of the impact lengths.
Track parameters investigate of oblique incident of alpha particles irradiated CR-39 detector
Authors: Khalil Yasser Taha , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed
Published: November 2020

In this work, the track etch-rate VT and etch-rate ratio V of CR-39 detector irradiated by alpha particles was investigated at different incident angles. The change of the track etch-rate and etch-rate ratio along the particle trajectories showed that these functions are not affected by the inclination of the particle trajectory with respect to the normal on the detector surface.