bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sequence-segment Neighbor Encoding Schema for Protein Hotspot Residue Prediction
Authors: Chen Peng , Shen Tong , Zhang Youzhi , Wang Bing
Published: January 2020

Background:

Hotspots are those residues that contribute major free energy of binding
in protein-protein interactions. Protein functions are frequently dependent on hotspot residues. At
present, hotspot residues are always identified by Alanine scanning mutagenesis technology,
which is costly, time-consuming and laborious.

Objective:

Therefore, more accurate and efficient methods have to be developed to identify protein
hotspot residues.

Methods:

This paper proposed a novel encoding schema of sequence-segment neighbors and
constructed a random forest-based model to identify hotspots in protein interaction interfaces.
Firstly, 10 amino acid physicochemical properties, 16 features related to the PI and DI, and 25
features related to ASA were extracted. Different from the previous residue encoding schemas,
such as auto correlation descriptor or triplet combination information, this paper employed the
influence of amino acids neighbors to hotspot residues and amino acids with a certain distance in
sequence to the hotspot.

Results:

Moreover, the proposed model was compared with other hotspot prediction methods,
including APIS, Robetta, FOLDEF, KFC, MINERVA models, etc.

Conclusion:

The experimental results showed that the proposed model can improve the prediction
ability of protein hotspot residues on the same test set.
The In Vitro Study of Anti-leishmanial Effect of Naja naja oxiana Snake Venom on Leishmania major
Authors: Fallahi Nastaran , Shahbazzadeh Delavar , Maleki Fatemeh , Aghdasi Marjaneh , Tabatabaie Fatemeh , Khanaliha Khadijeh
Published: January 2020

Background:

Although a majority of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are
healed with Glucantime chemotherapy, the increased drug resistance rate following its application is
a concern. In this study, Naja naja oxiana crude venom of cobra snakes was used for the first time
as an assembled combination of bioactive pharmaceutical components on Leishmania major (L.
major) standard strain.

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of the Naja naja oxiana crude venom of Iranian cobra snakes on
Leishmania major standard strain in vitro.

Methods:

Five concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) of venom were added to Leishmania
major cultures at 24, 48 and 72 h. The viability of the parasites and venom toxicity were assessed by
MTT test. The apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, while IC50 was determined by counting
parasites compared to that of glucantime. Each test was conducted in triplicate.

Results:

After the exposure of the venom for 72 h, IC50 value was 0.36 μg/mL and 14.12 μg/mL for
promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. MTT valuation clarified 1.01% promastigotes viability.
Furthermore, the results indicated that the venom of Naja naja oxiana induced early and late
apoptosis in parasites.

Conclusions:

The venom of Naja naja oxiana revealed remarkable anti-leishmanial effects as a
novel anti-parasitic alternative. Thus, the bioactive and effective fractions of this venom may be
considered as anti-leishmanial candidates in future studies.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПРОГРАМИ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ ДЛЯ ХВОРИХ ОЖИРІННЯМ ІІІ СТУПЕНЯ ЗА ДИНАМІКОЮ МЕТАБОЛІЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ
Authors: Аравіцька М. Г.
Published: January 2020

Резюме. Цілі: визначення динаміки показників метаболізму у пацієнтів із ожирінням під впливом програми фізичної терапії.

Методи. Обстежено 74 особи з ожирінням ІІІ ступеня. За величиною реабілітаційного комплаєнсу вони були поділені на групу порівняння (низький рівень) та основну групу (високий рівень). Групу контролю склали 63 особи з нормальною масою тіла. Оцінювали антропометричні показники (маса, індекс маси тіла, співвідношення обхватів талії та стегон); параметри вуглеводневого (вміст глюкози в крові натще та після глюкозного навантаження) та ліпідного (концентрація холестерину, тригліцеридів, ліпопротеїдів високої щільності, лептину) обмінів; розраховували індекс вісцерального ожиріння. Запропонована програма фізичної терапії включала підтримку реабілітаційного комплаєнсу, збільшення фізичної активності, зміну стилю харчування, рефлексотерапію, масаж, психокорекцію.

Результати. Було досягнуто статистично значущого покращення щодо вихідних показників досліджуваних параметрів осіб основної групи. Втрата маси тіла становила більше 20%, індекс маси тіла досяг параметрів ожиріння І ступеня, зменшився ступінь абдомінального ожиріння. Відбулися позитивні зміни в концентраціях глюкози натще, відновилась чутливість тканин до глюкози; знизились параметри атерогенності; покращився індекс вісцерального ожиріння та рівень лептину. У пацієнтів із низьким рівнем комплаєнсу позитивних змін досліджуваних показників не виявлено.

Висновки. Внаслідок впровадження програми визначено статистично значуще у порівнянні із вихідним результатом покращення досліджуваних показників обміну ліпідів та глюкози на фоні покращення антропометричних параметрів. Проте рівня параметрів осіб із нормальною масою досягнуто не було, що свідчить про потребу тривалішої, ніж 1 рік, програми реабілітації осіб із ожирінням ІІІ ступеня.
ЗМІНИ АМПЛІТУДНО-ЧАСТОТНОГО СПЕКТРУ КОЛИВАНЬ КРОВОТОКУ ПІД ЧАС ОПЕРАТИВНИХ ВТРУЧАНЬ З ПРИВОДУ СПАЙКОВОЇ КИШКОВОЇ НЕПРОХІДНОСТІ
Authors: Дейкало І. М. , Буката В. В. , Чорномидз А. В.
Published: January 2020

Резюме. Мета роботи: дослідити зміни амплітудно-частотного спектру коливань кровотоку протягом інтраопераційного періоду у пацієнтів із спайковою кишковою непрохідністю.

Матеріали та методи дослідження. Нами обстежено 57 хворих на гостру спайкову кишкову непрохідність. Серед них 31 хворий прооперований відкритим способом та 26 хворих, яким проведено малоінвазивні втручання. Усім хворим проведено лазерну допплерівську флоуметрію. Обстеження проводили у безперервному режимі протягом усього оперативного втручання. Аналіз амплітудно-частотного спектру коливань кровотоку проводили за допомогою вейвлет-аналізу.

Результати дослідження. Встановлено, що протягом оперативного втручання стан мікроциркуляції зазнає змін залежно від періоду оперативного втручання. В усіх хворих на початку операції відмічається зростання усіх амплітуд коливань кровотоку. В подальшому при лапаротомних оперативних втручаннях виявлені зміни, що вказують на зниження кровопостачання тканин, підвищення резистентності артеріол та порушення відтоку крові з капілярного русла. При лапароскопічних втручаннях виявлено ознаки зниження функціональної активності ендотелію, зростання тиску у капілярах, виникнення застою в капілярному руслі.

Висновки. В обстежених хворих інтраопераційно виявлено значні зміни на рівні системи мікроциркуляції, що можуть призвести до гіпоксії органів та систем, розвитку дисфункції паренхіматозних органів, зростання ризику розвитку тромбоемболічних ускладнень та ін. Отже, як відкриті, так і лапароскопічні оперативні втручання мають, відносно досліджуваних показників, свої переваги та недоліки, на які необхідно звертати увагу під час хірургічного лікування спайкової кишкової непрохідності.
ВПЛИВ L-АРГІНІНУ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФАРМАКОКОРЕКЦІЇ СТАНУ ЕНДОТЕЛІЮ СЕРЦЯ ЩУРІВ В УМОВАХ ДІЇ ЕМОЦІЙНО-БОЛЬОВОГО СТРЕСУ, УСКЛАДНЕНОГО ГІПЕРХОЛЕСТЕРИНЕМІЄЮ
Authors: Лучко І. М. , Гуранич Т. В. , Тучак О. І. , Петруняк С. О. , Назарук І. О.
Published: January 2020

Резюме. Метою роботи було вивчення стану ендотелію ендокарду щурів (за кількістю злущених клітин) при емоційно-больовому стресі, ускладненому гіперхолестеринемією та за умов корекції фармакологічними препаратами. Для відтворення стресу використовували електро-імпульсну модель. Аліментарну гіперхолестеринемію моделювали, утримуючи тварин на атерогенній дієті. Окрім L-аргініну застосовували такі фармакологічні препарати: β-адреноблокатор (пропранолол), блокатори Са2+-каналів (фіноптин) і циклооксигеназ (індометацин). Стан ендотелію ендокарду вивчали за допомогою світлооптичної мікроскопії, аналізуючи мазки-відбитки з макропрепаратів шлуночків. Установлено, що пероральне використання L-аргініну суттєво попереджує пошкодження ендотеліоцитів ендокарду при емоційно-больовому стресі і є неефективним при стресі, ускладненому гіперхолестеринемію. Серед інших фармакологічних середників вираженою цитопротекторною дією при стресі володіють β-адреноблокатори та блокатори кальцієвих каналів. В умовах стресорного впливу гіперхолестеринемія суттєво обмежує захисну дію згаданих препаратів. Отримані результати та їх аналіз дозволяють припустити, що в патогенезі структурно-функціональних змін ендотеліоцитів ендокарду та розвитку ендотеліальної дисфункції в умовах емоційно-больового стресу, а також при його поєднанні з гіперхолестеринемією, важливою ланкою є токсична дія катехоламінів, які впливають на функціональні системи організму переважно через β-адренорецептори (за участю іонів Са2+). Певну захисну роль відіграють, очевидно, простагландини, оскільки блокада їх синтезу індометацином поглиблює ураження ендотеліоцитів.
Extracción y análisis de las causas de suicidio a través de marcadores lingüísticos en reportes periodísticos
Authors: Reyes Ortiz José Alejandro , Tovar Mireya
Published: January 2020

El análisis automático de información(textos) sobre el suicidio se ha convertido en un reto para el campo de investigación en lingüística computacional, cada vez más, son necesarias herramientas que ayuden a disminuir las tasas de suicidios, por ejemplo, extraer las causas para apoyar en su detección temprana. Los aspectos lingüísticos en los textos en Español, tales como frases clave o partes de la oración, pueden ayudar en dicha tarea. Por ello, en este artículo se presenta un enfoque computacional para la extracción y análisis de causas a partir de cabeceras de reportes periodísticos sobre el suicidio en español. La tarea de extracción automática de causas de suicidio es llevada a cabo mediante marcadores lingüísticos basados en verbos, conectores, preposiciones y conjunciones. Por su parte, el análisis de las causas de suicidio es realizado en dos enfoques: a) un análisis centrado en frases verbales y nominales, estudiando la presencia de la negación; b) un análisis centrado en la frecuencia de los unigramas y bigramas de palabras. Ambos análisis muestran resultados prometedores, los cuales son útiles para conocer los motivos de los suicidios reportados en México en un periodo determinado. Finalmente, se obtiene una colección de 581 causas del suicidio.
Using Natural Language Processing Techniques to Provide Personalized Educational Materials for Chronic Disease Patients in China: Development and Assessment of a Knowledge-Based Health Recommender System (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Zheyu , Huang Haoce , Cui Liping , Chen Juan , An Jiye , Duan Huilong , Ge Huiqing , Deng Ning
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Health education emerged as an important intervention for improving the awareness and self-management abilities of chronic disease patients. The development of information technologies has changed the form of patient educational materials from traditional paper materials to electronic materials. To date, the amount of patient educational materials on the internet is tremendous, with variable quality, which makes it hard to identify the most valuable materials by individuals lacking medical backgrounds.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop a health recommender system to provide appropriate educational materials for chronic disease patients in China and evaluate the effect of this system.

METHODS

A knowledge-based recommender system was implemented using ontology and several natural language processing (NLP) techniques. The development process was divided into 3 stages. In stage 1, an ontology was constructed to describe patient characteristics contained in the data. In stage 2, an algorithm was designed and implemented to generate recommendations based on the ontology. Patient data and educational materials were mapped to the ontology and converted into vectors of the same length, and then recommendations were generated according to similarity between these vectors. In stage 3, the ontology and algorithm were incorporated into an mHealth system for practical use. Keyword extraction algorithms and pretrained word embeddings were used to preprocess educational materials. Three strategies were proposed to improve the performance of keyword extraction. System evaluation was based on a manually assembled test collection for 50 patients and 100 educational documents. Recommendation performance was assessed using the macro precision of top-ranked documents and the overall mean average precision (MAP).

RESULTS

The constructed ontology contained 40 classes, 31 object properties, 67 data properties, and 32 individuals. A total of 80 SWRL rules were defined to implement the semantic logic of mapping patient original data to the ontology vector space. The recommender system was implemented as a separate Web service connected with patients' smartphones. According to the evaluation results, our system can achieve a macro precision up to 0.970 for the top 1 recommendation and an overall MAP score up to 0.628.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that a knowledge-based health recommender system has the potential to accurately recommend educational materials to chronic disease patients. Traditional NLP techniques combined with improvement strategies for specific language and domain proved to be effective for improving system performance. One direction for future work is to explore the effect of such systems from the perspective of patients in a practical setting.
Medical Knowledge Graph to Enhance Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Detection on Claim Data: Model Development and Performance Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Haixia , Xiao Jin , Zhu Wei , He Yilong , Zhang Sheng , Xu Xiaowei , Hou Li , Li Jiao , Ni Yuan , Xie Guotong
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Fraud, Waste, and Abuse (FWA) detection is a significant yet challenging problem in the health insurance industry. An essential step in FWA detection is to check whether the medication is clinically reasonable with respect to the diagnosis. Currently, human experts with sufficient medical knowledge are required to perform this task. To reduce the cost, insurance inspectors tend to build an intelligent system to detect suspicious claims with inappropriate diagnoses/medications automatically.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop an automated method for making use of a medical knowledge graph to identify clinically suspected claims for FWA detection.

METHODS

First, we identified the medical knowledge that is required to assess the clinical rationality of the claims. We then searched for data sources that contain information to build such knowledge. In this study, we focused on Chinese medical knowledge. Second, we constructed a medical knowledge graph using unstructured knowledge. We used a deep learning–based method to extract the entities and relationships from the knowledge sources and developed a multilevel similarity matching approach to conduct the entity linking. To guarantee the quality of the medical knowledge graph, we involved human experts to review the entity and relationships with lower confidence. These reviewed results could be used to further improve the machine-learning models. Finally, we developed the rules to identify the suspected claims by reasoning according to the medical knowledge graph.

RESULTS

We collected 185,796 drug labels from the China Food and Drug Administration, 3390 types of disease information from medical textbooks (eg, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis), and information from 5272 examinations as the knowledge sources. The final medical knowledge graph includes 1,616,549 nodes and 5,963,444 edges. We designed three knowledge graph reasoning rules to identify three kinds of inappropriate diagnosis/medications. The experimental results showed that the medical knowledge graph helps to detect 70% of the suspected claims.

CONCLUSIONS

The medical knowledge graph–based method successfully identified suspected cases of FWA (such as fraud diagnosis, excess prescription, and irrational prescription) from the claim documents, which helped to improve the efficiency of claim processing.
Evidence of Construct Validity of Computer-Based Tests for Clinical Reasoning: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zuo Tianming , Sun Baozhi , Guan Xu , Zheng Bin , Qu Bo
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Clinical reasoning (CR) is a fundamental skill for all medical students. In our medical education system, however, there are shortcomings in the conventional methods of teaching CR. New technology is needed to enhance our CR teaching, especially as we are facing an influx of new health trainees. China Medical University (CMU), in response to this need, has developed a computer-based CR training system (CMU-CBCRT).

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to find evidence of construct validity of the CMU-CBCRT.

METHODS

We recruited 385 students from fifth year undergraduates to postgraduate year (PGY) 3 to complete the test on CMU-CBCRT. The known-groups technique was used to evaluate the construct validity of the CBCRT by comparing the test scores among 4 training levels (fifth year MD, PGY-1, PGY-2, and PGY-3).

RESULTS

We found that test scores increased with years of training. Significant differences were found in the test scores on information collection, diagnosis, and treatment and total scores among different training years of participants. However, significant results were not found for treatment errors.

CONCLUSIONS

We provided evidence of construct validity of the CMU-CBCRT, which could determine the CR skills of medical students at varying early stage in their careers.
Soluciones de Ecuaciones Diferenciales por Elemento Finito (SEDEF)
Authors: Díaz Díaz Alberto , Castañeda Balderas Rubén , Domínguez Alvarado Axel Fernando , Martínez Morfín Claudio Iván
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se expone el desarrollo de la primera versión de un software amigable de elemento finito gratuito y de código abierto llamado SEDEF ©, el cual propone y resuelve un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales generales dependientes de dos dimensiones, una espacial y una temporal. Estas ecuaciones son propuestas de tal manera que se puedan modelar diferentes fenómenos físicos. Cabe mencionar que se da solución a la parte espacial de las ecuaciones generales mediante el método del elemento finto y a la temporal por medio del método BDF (“Backward Differentiation Formula”), lo que resulta en sistemas de ecuaciones lineales con matrices dispersas. Estos sistemas son programados y resueltos en el lenguaje C++; el álgebra de matrices dispersas se soluciona a través de la librería CSparse creada por Timothy A. Davis (2006). El software está dotado de una interfaz gráfica intuitiva y fácil de manejar programada en RAD Studio XE, la cual permite tener un módulo exclusivo para problemas de transferencia de calor, un módulo para problemas de vigas de Euler en un plano y un módulo general donde el usuario puede adaptar sus propias ecuaciones constitutivas para problemas particulares unidimensionales. La validación del software se hace a través del planteamiento de tres problemas: uno matemático, otro de transferencia de calor y un último de vigas en el plano. En estos, la solución de SEDEF se compara con soluciones analíticas y los resultados del software comercial de elementos finitos COMSOL Multiphysics. El fin que persigue SEDEF es el de dotar a las instituciones educativas de una herramienta que ayude en el entendimiento de matemáticas, física y varias ramas de ingeniería gracias a la resolución de ecuaciones y la interfaz gráfica amigable para las etapas de preprocesamiento y postprocesamiento de resultados.
Relaciones entre área y perímetro: de la intuición inicial a la deducción operatoria
Authors: Ávila Alicia , García Silvia
Published: January 2020

Este artículo deriva de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar las intuiciones iniciales de niños de 9 a 12 años respecto de las relaciones entre área y perímetro y el proceso mediante el cual abandonan tales intuiciones. El estudio se llevó a cabo con 12 niños de alto desempeño escolar en matemáticas que en el momento de la investigación cursaban cuarto, quinto y sexto grado de educación primaria. Se analizan las intuiciones iniciales sobre las relaciones área-perímetro y su evolución hacia la deducción operatoria a partir de la resolución de seis problemas que las implican y el diálogo sobre las soluciones elaboradas. Con el apoyo del interrogatorio crítico propio de la teoría psicogenética se identifican también los recursos matemáticos que utilizan los niños en ese proceso. Se concluye que el trabajo sobre estas relaciones con un enfoque geométrico tiene grandes potencialidades para desarrollar el pensamiento matemático de los niños.
Evidencias de fiabilidad y validez de una escala para la autoevaluación de las prácticas de enseñanza en secundaria
Authors: Gutiérrez-Anguiano Nancy Noemí , Chaparro Caso López Alicia Alelí
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar y validar una escala para la autoevaluación de las prácticas de enseñanza en secundaria, a partir de los indicadores del marco para la enseñanza de Danielson (2013). El desarrollo del instrumento implicó tres etapas: en la primera, se diseñó el instrumento; en la segunda, se establecieron evidencias de validez de contenido; en la tercera etapa se realizó un pilotaje con una muestra de 203 docentes de secundaria, a fin de generar evidencias de fiabilidad y validez relacionadas con el constructo. Como producto se obtuvo una escala de autoevaluación con 70 ítems integrados en cinco dominios: planeación, clima del aula, enseñanza, evaluación del aprendizaje y responsabilidades profesionales. Se identificó un índice de fiabilidad de .98 e índices aceptables de bondad de ajuste en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, lo que corrobora la congruencia de los ítems con el constructo.
Uslūb Reciprocal Teaching wa Istikhdāmuhā Litarqiyyah Mahārah al-Qirā'ah ‘inda al-Ṭalabah bi al-Madrasah Tsānawiyyah Babun Najah
Authors: Ulfa Cut Nurul
Published: January 2020

The researcher chose this title due to her observation regarding the students at Babun Najah boarding school, that many of them less understanding about the text of Arabic and unable to an understanding about main information in it, and they still lack motivation and board in learning Arabic. Therefore, they need a special method to make them be easy in understanding Arabic texts, namely by using the Reciprocal Teaching model. The aim of this research is to know effectiveness of using the Reciprocal Teaching model to improve students’ ability in understanding Arabic texts. The method of this research is Quasi Experimental. Meanwhile, the population is all students in class XI IA 3 Babun Najah. And while the sample is all students in that class there are 32 students, In order to collect the data, the test (Pre-test and Post-test) was used as an instrument. The study results showed that; 1) The implementation of the Reciprocal Teaching model at Senior High School Babun Najah Banda Aceh was conducted in 4 steps, namely question generating, clarifying, predicting, and summarizing 2) The Use of the Reciprocal Teaching model improved students’ ability in understanding Arabic texts. It was shown by the result of the T-Test 10,5 that is bigger than the result of the Table Test 30,5, it is acceptable.
Taṭbīq Uslūb al-Munāẓarah ‘ala Tarqiyyah Mahārah al-Kalām (Dirāsah Ijrā’iyyah laday al-Ṭullāb fī al-Sanah al-Sādisah bi Ma’had ‘Ulūm al-Dīn Lhokseumawe)
Authors: Zurriyati Zurriyati
Published: January 2020

The Ma’had Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe is one of the institutes that encourages students to speak in Arabic. They must use it every day for avoidance and fear of punishment. Students try to use Arabic as much as they know, although there are mistakes. Based on these phenomena support the researcher to correct them. The purposes of this study are identify and analyze the common mistakes of female student, as well as identify the main reasons behind this phenomenon.The method used by the researcher is descriptive analytical study, where described these studies for the existence of mistakes in speech by students at the Ma’had Ulumuddin. The research community is all the 500 students of junior-level. The researcher took 10% of the sampel, that is 50 students of first level. Sampling method is porposive sampling.The results showed that: (1) The common mistakes that occur between students during the communication between them of the kafaiyyah mistakes. That's at 77 or 84.61%. And the adaiyyah mistakes revolve between them less than the limit, which is on the amount of 14 or 15.39%. (2) Student error analysis is divided into four (a) grammatical errors for 38.88%, which are most of the errors that occurred. Followed by (b) semantic errors for 35,55%, and (c) capital errors of 18.88%. And (d) technological errors for 6.69%. Which are the low mistakes that occurred between them.(3) Two main causes of the causes of this phenomenon, which are the errors are: (a) The reasons related to students, the weakness of the Arabic language, and this indicates that the structure or sentence that the students brought confused the language of the mother, Match between the verb and the actor in terms of recall, femininity and others. And (b) the reasons related to the teacher thereof, do not correct their words when they hear the error immediately. Arabic teachers are not accompanied by good accompaniment to students when speaking and others.
Taṭwīr māddah al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah bi Tasmīm al-Kitāb al-Muqarrar li al-Talāmidz fī TPQ Plus Baiturrahman Banda Aceh
Authors: Rahmah Siti
Published: January 2020

Teaching material is a key factor of the learning process and has an important role in the learning process. With teaching material, students not only rely on teacher explanations but also can learn on their own, not only from books, but also from tapes. Arabic is one of the lessons learned by students at TPQ Plus Baitur Rahman, Banda Aceh. In this study the researcher wanted to explain the steps in developing books, how to use the book in teaching and learning process, and the effectiveness of using the book in TPQ Plus Baitur Rahman. Research and Developmentmethod was used is this research. The data was obtained by using tests, questionnaires, and interviews.
Sosialisasi Terhadap Pembentukan Badan Usaha Milik Desa Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa
Authors: Satoto Sukamto , Syarif Afif , Noviades Dhil's , Fitria Fitria , Mushawirya Rustian
Published: January 2020

Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di Kabupaten Sungai Penuh Kerinci memberikan Sosialisasi terhadap pembentukan Badan Usaha Milik Desa menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa dimana dilihat Keterlibatan pemerintah desa sebagai penyerta modal terbesar BUMDes atau sebagai pendiri bersama masyarakat diharapkan mampu memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM), yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk perlindungan (proteksi) atas intervensi yang merugikan dari pihak ketiga (baik dari dalam maupun luar desa). Demikian pula, pemerintah desa ikut berperan dalam pembentukan BUMDes sebagai badan hukum yang berpijak pada tata aturan perundangan yang berlaku. Ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 6 UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa disebutkan bahwa Badan Usaha Milik Desa, yang selanjutnya disebut BUMDesa, adalah badan usaha yang seluruh atau sebagian besar modalnya dimiliki oleh Desa melalui penyertaan secara langsung yang berasal dari kekayaan Desa yang dipisahkan guna mengelola aset, jasa pelayanan, dan usaha lainnya untuk sebesar-besarnya kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa. Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) adalah lembaga usaha desa yang dikelola oleh masyarakat dan pemerintahan desa dalam upaya memperkuat perekonomian desa dan dibentuk berdasarkan kebutuhan dan potensi desa.  Sebagai salah satu lembaga ekonomi yang beroperasi dipedesaan, BUMDes harus memiliki perbedaan dengan lembaga ekonomi pada umumnya. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar keberadaan dan kinerja BUMDes mampu memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan warga desa.
The Predictive Factors of Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Supomo Supomo , Wahyunigrum Satya Septia , Nugraha Aditya Agam
Published: January 2020

Highlights

Arterial diameter above 2 mm had an almost 5 times better AVF maturation outcome. Average age of ESRD patients who underwent the AVF procedure was above 50 years. Percentage of AVF maturation was higher in men. Hypertension was the most common comorbid factor in ESRD patients.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MIPELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MINUMAN HERBAL INSTAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI WARGANUMAN HERBAL INSTAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI WARGA
Authors: Sukmawati Wati , Merina Merina
Published: January 2020

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, banyak sekali minuman yang beredar dikalangan masyarakat. Salah satunya minuman yang menawarkan khasiat kesehatan bagi tubuh. Di indonesia banyak minuman kesehatan yang sudah biasa dikonsumsi, salah satunya minuman jahe. Hanya saja karena proses pembuatannya yang membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga minuman ini tergeser oleh minuman lain yang lebih praktis, selain itu juga minuman jahe kurang memiliki daya tarik terhadap anak muda yang lebih memilih minuman yang kekinian. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan suatu inovasi dengan membuat minuman herbal instan dengan menggunakan bahan baku jahe yang dilakukan pelatihan juga kepada masyarakat. Sehingga masyarakat dapat dengan mudah menikmati khasiat dari minuman jahe tersebut dan dapat menjadi peluang usaha untuk meningkatkan penghasilan terutama untuk ibu-ibu. Dalam kegiatan pelatihan ditemukan suatu temuan bahwa masyarakat sangat membutuhkan kegiatan yang mampu memberdayakakan ibu-ibu sehingga mamu menambah penghasilan keluarga. Selain itu ditemukan data bahwa setelah minuman jahe dikemas secara instan peminat minuman tersebut bertambah dari kalangan masyarakat muda hingga tua.Kata kunci: Minuman; Herbal; Instan; Jahe.AbstractAlong with the times, a lot of drinks are circulating among the people. One of them is a drink that offers health benefits for the body. In Indonesia there are many health drinks that are commonly consumed, one of which is ginger drink. It's just because the manufacturing process takes a long time so this drink is displaced by other drinks that are more practical, besides that ginger drinks have less appeal to young people who prefer contemporary drinks. To overcome these problems, an innovation was made by making instant herbal drinks using ginger raw materials which were also conducted training to the community. So that people can easily enjoy the benefits of the ginger drink and can be a business opportunity to increase income, especially for mothers. In the training activities, it was found that the community really needed activities that were able to empower mothers so that you could increase family income. In addition, it was found that after the ginger drink was packed instantaneously, the demand for the drink increased from the young to the old.Keywords: Beverage; Herbs; Instant; Ginger.
PEMBINAAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS DONGENG BAGI GURU TK AISYIYAH 01 KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Adisaputera Abdurahman , Lubis Fitriani , Hutagalung Trisnawati
Published: January 2020

Menulis adalah suatu kegiatan memproduksi hasil olah pikir. Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dongeng yang dimiliki guruDengan meningkatnya kemampuan menulis dongeng akan menjadi langkah awal seorang guru agar dapat mengembangkan kemampuan mendongeng yang dimiliki. Karena, dengan dongeng yang ditulisnya sendiri, guru dengan mudah melatih diri agar lebih mahir dalam menulis dongeng. Untuk itu diperlukan tindak lanjut dalam hal ini pembinaan menulis dongeng bagi guru TK Aisyiyah 01 Kota Medan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pembinaan menulis dongeng adalah metode pelaksanaan dengan 3 tahapan yaitu tahap workshop, tahap pembimbingan dan tahap pembuatan laporan hasil kegiatan, juga metode pendekatan yaitu metode pendidikan, metode pelatihan dan praktik, metode bimbingan dan praktik. Hasil kegiatan pembinaan menulis dongeng tersebut mendapat respon yang positif dan antusiasme kelompok sasaran. Seluruh peserta merasakan banyak manfaat terhadap pembinaan kemampuan menulis dongeng tersebut. Kemampuan itu dapat di lihat melalui dongeng yang ditulis guru secara individu yang dijadikan satu buku berisikan kumpulan dongeng yang telah ditulis oleh masing-masing guru. Dengan adanya luaran laporan pengabdian ini maka guru-guru dapat memanfaatkannya untuk menambah ilmu sebagai bahan acuan pembelajaran.Kata Kunci : Pembinaan; Kemampuan; Menulis dongeng; Guru TK.AbstractWriting is an activity to produce the results of thinking. The purpose of this activity is to improve the ability of writing fairy tales owned by teachers. Because, by the fairy tale that he wrote by himself, the teacher easily trains himself to be more proficient in writing fairy tales. For this reason, a follow-up is needed in fostering of writing fairy tales for kindergarten Aisyiyah 01 Medan City teachers. The method used in fostering of writing a fairy tale is an implementation method with 3 stages, they are: the workshop phase, the guidance stage and the stage of making reports on the results of activities, as well as the approach methods namely educational methods, training methods and practices, guidance methods and practice. The results of the fairy tale writing coaching activity received a positive response and enthusiasm from the target group. All participants get many benefits towards fostering the ability to write the fairy tale. That ability can be seen through a fairy tale which has written by the teacher individually made into a book containing a collection of fairy tales written by each teacher. With this outcome report, the teachers can use it to add knowledge as a reference for learning.Keywords: Coaching; Ability; Writing Fairy Tales; Kindergarten Teachers.
Specifics of the Breaking of Neo-Romantic Tradition in the Work of R. L. Stevenson
Authors: Osmuhina O. Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the comprehension of the novels of the outstanding English prose writer R. L. Stevenson in the context of the tradition of neo-romanticism. The author analyzes the reception of the term neo-romanticism in Russian literary criticism of the second half of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, as well as the specifics of the writer’s key works in the context of the neo-romantic movement. As a result of a study based on the principles of a comparative-typological and holistic methods of analysis of a literary work, the author of the article comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, it is argued that neo-romanticism is a special trend of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, characterized by a common ideological and aesthetic principles, typological similarities of the problems in the literature of different countries, while preserving the national specificity in the formulation of solutions to similar problems. Secondly, it was established that neo-romanticism in the work of R. L. Stevenson manifests itself in two versions: adventurous (“Treasure Island”) and real psychological (“The Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”). The key signs of neo-romanticism were revealed: (1) optimistic pathos; (2) genre preference is given to an adventurous or psychological novel / novel with elements of Gothic; (3) the key problem is the struggle between Good and Evil both in the real world and in human nature; (4) the hero is the holder of a personal code of honor, a brave and fearless adventurer, passing in a series of trials the path of formation, as well as a reflective character with a split consciousness; (5) the pursuit of realism, the credibility of the story.
Linguistic-Cognitive Text Model “Description”
Authors: Varfolomeeva Y. N.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to questions of explicitation of a “description” type text model. The theory of functional-semantic types of speech, developed in the 70s of the XX century by O. A. Nechaeva, is characterized. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of determining the place of this theory in modern linguistic science. The question is raised about the revision of certain provisions of the functional-semantic approach in the light of new linguistic research. The author of the article indicates that, in particular, one should take into account the element of the “point of view” model, that is, the position from which the description is made, since it is crucial in describing the sensory sensations that form the basis of the descriptive fragment. It is proved that, contrary to the established research tradition, it is necessary to take into account the role of the narrator when analyzing an artistic descriptive text. It seems important for characterizing the author’s individual style and his intentions. The article focuses on revising the composition of a text model of the “description” type in the light of the linguistic-cognitive approach. The presence of a description of a fixed background and cognitively distinguished figures as part of the model is stated. It is proved that, in addition to the background and figures, the observer's position should be included in the description model, which determines the description method, its tonality and the choice of language means of verbalization of space. The possibility of using frame analysis in the study of descriptive fragments is noted.
Political Texts of the Early ХХ Century: Communicative-Discursive Features
Authors: Rogozhnikova T. P.
Published: January 2020

The results of a discursive analysis of political texts of the period 1903-1906 are presented. Particular attention is paid to the methodology for the study of political discourse in a historical perspective. The question is raised about the various spheres of the generation of political texts and their existence, participants in political communication, their socio-political affiliations. A discursive analysis of texts is carried out on the basis of a number of signs: authorship, targeted political text, communication strategies and tactics. It shows the actualization in the texts of opposing political parties of agonism as a specific property of political communication, the peculiarity of the implementation of agonism in the strategies and tactics of the authors: the monarchist and representatives of radical left parties. The classification of tactics that implement the strategy of discredit and the strategy of the struggle for power is given. The tactics of solidarity, appeal to values and opposition are indicated as dominating in the speeches of Bishop Gabriel. In the proclamations tactics of accusation, negative assessment and a call for a struggle for power are indicated. The character of the dependence of language means (including those from the arsenal of other types of discourse) on the nature of communicative tactics is determined. Textual combinations of communicative tactics are considered. Historical political texts are investigated in the communicative-discursive aspect.
Monitoring Mogadishu
Authors: Hills Alice
Published: January 2020

Technology-based surveillance practices have changed the modes of policing found in the global North but have yet to influence police–citizen engagement in Southern cities such as Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. Based on the role played by monitoring in Mogadishu’s formal security plan and in an informal neighbourhood watch scheme in Waberi district, this article uses a policy-oriented approach to generate insight into surveillance and policing in a fragile and seemingly dysfunctional environment. It shows that while watching is an integral aspect of everyday life, sophisticated technologies capable of digitally capturing real-time events play no part in crime reporting or in the monitoring of terrorist threats, and information is delivered by using basic and inclusive methods such as word of mouth, rather than by mobile telephones or social media. Indeed, the availability of technologies such as CCTV has actually resulted in the reproduction and reinforcement of older models of policing; even when the need to monitor security threats encourages residents to engage with the task of policing, their responses reflect local preferences and legacy issues dating from the 1970s and 2000s. In other words, policing practice has not been reconfigured. In Mogadishu, as in most of the world, the policing task is shaped as much by residents’ expectations as by the technologies available.
When Citizens Are “Actually Doing Police Work”: The Blurring of Boundaries in WhatsApp Neighbourhood Crime Prevention Groups in The Netherlands
Authors: Mols Anouk , Pridmore Jason
Published: January 2020

Neighbourhood watch messaging groups are part of an already pervasive phenomenon in The Netherlands, despite having only recently emerged. In many neighbourhoods, street signs have been installed to make passers-by aware of active neighbourhood surveillance. In messaging groups (using WhatsApp or similar communication apps), neighbours exchange warnings, concerns, and information about incidents, emergencies, and (allegedly) suspicious situations. These exchanges often lead to neighbours actively protecting and monitoring their streets, sending messages about suspicious activities, and using camera-phones to record events. While citizen-initiated participatory policing practices in the neighbourhood can increase (experiences of) safety and social cohesion, they often default to lateral surveillance, ethnic profiling, risky vigilantism, and distrust towards neighbours and strangers. Whereas the use of messaging apps is central, WhatsApp neighbourhood crime prevention (WNCP) groups are heterogeneous: they vary from independent self-organised policing networks to neighbours working with and alongside community police. As suggested by one of our interviewees, this can lead to citizens “actually doing police work,” which complicates relationships between police and citizens. This paper draws on interviews and focus groups in order to examine participatory policing practices and the responsibilisation of citizens for their neighbourhood safety and security. This exploration of actual practices shows that these often diverge from the intended process and that the blurring of boundaries between police and citizens complicates issues of accountability and normalises suspicion and the responsibilisation of citizens.
Incoherent Assemblages: Transgender Conflicts in US Security
Authors: Clarkson Nicholas L.
Published: January 2020

Several identity-verifying procedures implemented in the wake of September 11, 2001, created conflicts for transgender people in the US who had different sex designations marked on various forms of identification. Trans studies scholars note that these conflicts highlight the assumption that sex is a stable marker of identity and expose that assumption as a fiction. The use of body scanners in airport security illuminates a similar reliance on binary sex categories. However, identity documentation policies and biometrics in airport security operate through different logics about how to solve the problem of affixing individual identities to changing bodies. The experiences of trans people with both identity documentation and airport security body scanners demonstrate that the requirements for passing as a proper citizen differ depending on the context: identity document policies prioritize medical alteration of the body while biometrics register medical alteration of the body as a potential threat to security.
Playing at Control: Writing Surveillance in/for Gamified Society
Authors: Benjamin Garfield
Published: January 2020

Gamification has entrenched constant monitoring throughout society. From education to work to shopping, our activities are tracked, our progress is monitored, and rewards are meted out. But this enforced acceptance of constant surveillance constructs a social narrative in which privacy ceases to exist, and the technological tools at work can easily be shifted from reward to control. This is furthered through the shift from a Bentham–Foucault model of power and the threat of surveillance to the actualisation of complete protocological surveillance enabled by cloud computing, data centres, and machine learning. It is no longer the case that anything we do might be surveilled; we can be fairly certain that everything we do probably is being monitored, judged, and recorded. How can we negotiate these changing narratives? Of what fictions do we convince ourselves when we play the “game” called digital society? This article uses the work of Cory Doctorow, Charles Stross, Dave Eggers, and Ernest Cline to assess how fictionality can act as thought experiments for the social conditions of surveillance technologies. Through stories such as Halting State and Walkaway, we explore the collisions between the control-based society of tech companies and the disciplinary structures of traditional states—the points of tension between illusions of freedom, guided game paths, and the exercise of power over users’ data and behaviours. The article argues for expanding our perspectives on the reach of game analysis to the broader connected networks of cultural and political systems, to assess ways of responding to the idea that we are being played with, turned into characters in the gamified narratives of control-based surveillance societies.
Rethinking the Orwellian Imaginary through Contemporary Chinese Fiction
Authors: Fang Karen
Published: January 2020

Although George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four ([1949] 2003) and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World ([1932] 2006) have long offered contrasting paradigms in surveillance theory, little attention has been paid to how race and cultural difference operate in their respective regimes. This oversight is surprising given race’s centrality in surveillance theory and practice, and it is increasingly anachronistic in light of contemporary geopolitics and the rising power of non-Western states. By contrast, the best-selling and critically acclaimed novels The Fat Years (Koonchung 2013), The Three-Body Problem (Liu 20014), and Death of a Red Heroine (Xiaolong 2000) are all set in modern China and portray issues of surveillance technology, policy, implementation, and resistance previously associated with Western powers. Yet while these later novels’ Chinese settings offer radically different scenarios than our previous touchstones of surveillance imagery, their global popularity also demonstrates their vast resonance and accessibility. Indeed, in strong reaffirmation of Orwell’s and Huxley’s ongoing value—and the value of literature to surveillance theory more generally—these recent China-set novels collapse the Orwell and Huxley dichotomy to offer surprising glimpses into the more culturally diversified twenty-first century global surveillance society.