bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Assumptions in Terms of Anthropocentrism in the Context Modern Linguistic Science
Authors: Normurodova N.
Published: March 2021

Over the past decades, radical transformations have been observed in linguistics. The modern stage in the development of linguistics is characterized by polyparadigms, but the dominant role is assigned to the anthropocentric paradigm. Today, in the linguistic community, the main trends and principles of modern linguistics, in particular, the problem of the scientific paradigm is one of the most urgent and at the same time debatable problems. Mainly, this article focuses on the idea of changing the paradigms of knowledge in the development of linguistics and, in accordance with this, suggests their various terminological variations.
Islamic Religious Education in Inclusive Education: Curriculum Modification for Slow Learner Students at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Godean
Authors: Husna Difaul , Ichsan Yazida , Salsabila Unik Hanifah
Published: March 2021

Education for children with special needs began to change on the basis of diversity and the fulfillment of the right to obtain an education and an inclusive education. Inclusive educators enforce learning in the same learning environment for each student, for regular students or students with special needs, including for slow learners. This qualitative descriptive research was conducted with the intention of knowing the implementation of Islamic Religious Education curriculum in the setting of inclusive education, namely at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Godean. The research subjects were obtained through purposive sampling method, with research data obtained through observation methods, interviews and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through several procedures, namely data reduction, data presentation, verification and data validity test using triangulation techniques. The results showed that Islamic Education learning was carried out in regular full inclusion classes using a modified regular curriculum for slow leaner students.  Learning Islamic Religious Education SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Godean faced several separate problems such as the un availability of Special Companion Teachers and differences in characteristics of each student, both regular students and special needs.

Keywords:  Inclusive Education, Students Special Needs, Islamic Education
Potrait of Social Interaction among the Vilagers in the Perspective of George Herbet Mead’s Symbolic Interactionalism Theory
Authors: Rohmawati Ari , Trihastuti Meiwatizal , Suryaningsih Aris , Ismail Habib
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to know how the portrait of social interactions that occur between villagers in the Perspective of George Herbet Mead's symbolic intercationalism theory and to determine the factors that support social interaction between villagers. This article was descriptive qualitative. The researchers used documentation, observation and interviews in collecting the data. The result show that The form of social interaction that occurs between Restu Buana villagers and Bumi Nabung Ilir village residents is in the form of associative-cooperation  (in the form of trade / buying and selling between villagers, friendship)/ Second, it is in the form of associative-accommodation  (that is, in the event of a fight, usually with mediation by leaders  religious. Third, the form of dissociation f-Contravention which is manifested by the feeling of resentment. Fourth, which is in the form of dissociative-competition such as competition in the economy. Factors that support social interaction: first, there is mutual tolerance  between residents. Thirdly their  mutual appreciation of cultures of other villagers.

Keywords: Social Interaction, Symbolic Interactionalism Theory, Goerge Herbet Mead’s Symbolic
Zeytin Karasuyu Sorununa Yönelik Milas Yöresi Zeytin Üreticileri Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MANAVOĞLU Perihan , GÜNERİ Murat , YOKAŞ İbrahim
Published: March 2021

Zeytinyağı üretimi sürecinde oluşan atıklar ve özellikle zeytin karasuyu, önemli çevre sorunları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu atıkların bertaraf edilmesi konusunda son yıllarda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Karasuyun; organik maddesinin tarımda kullanıldığı, çevreye hiçbir zararı olmayan, ekonomik, ticari gübre kullanımını azaltıcı etkisinin olabileceği çevreci yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, zeytin üreticilerinin çevresel duyarlılıkları ile karasuyun çevresel etkileri ve bertaraf edilmesi konusunda üreticilerin görüş ve farkındalıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Milas İlçesi’nde zeytin yetiştiricilerine yönelik anket çalışması yapılmış ve sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.

Çalışma sonucunda, üreticilerin önemli bir kısmının çevre bilincine sahip olduğu (3.31) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, karasuyun çevresel etkileri konusunda orta düzeyde (2.47) farkındalığa sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bertaraf edilmesi konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları (2.10) belirlenmiştir. Karasuyun kompostlanması ve toprağa uygulanması fikri üreticiler tarafından genel olarak olumlu karşılanmıştır. Bu nedenle üreticiler, karasu sorunun çözümüne katkı sağlayabilecek paydaşlar olarak düşünülmektedir.
Role of Interleukin-6 in Vascular Health and Disease
Authors: Villar-Fincheira Paulina , Sanhueza-Olivares Fernanda , Norambuena-Soto Ignacio , Cancino-Arenas Nicole , Hernandez-Vargas Felipe , Troncoso Rodrigo , Gabrielli Luigi , Chiong Mario
Published: March 2021

IL-6 is usually described as a pleiotropic cytokine produced in response to tissue injury or infection. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 activates innate and adaptative immune responses. IL-6 is released in the innate immune response by leukocytes as well as stromal cells upon pattern recognition receptor activation. IL-6 then recruits immune cells and triggers B and T cell response. Dysregulated IL-6 activity is associated with pathologies involving chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, including atherosclerosis. However, IL-6 is also produced and released under beneficial conditions, such as exercise, where IL-6 is associated with the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects coupled with physical adaptation to intense training. Exercise-associated IL-6 acts on adipose tissue to induce lipogenesis and on arteries to induce adaptative vascular remodeling. These divergent actions could be explained by complex signaling networks. Classical IL-6 signaling involves a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), while trans-signaling relies on a soluble version of IL-6R (sIL-6R) and membrane-bound gp130. Trans-signaling, but not the classical pathway, is regulated by soluble gp130. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in IL-6 cytokine and myokine signaling to explain the differential and opposite effects of this protein during inflammation and exercise, with a special focus on the vascular system.
Contributions and Impacts on Health Using New Technologies and Innovative Products
Authors: Lílian Lefol Nani Guarieiro  , Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos
Published: March 2021

This special edition of the Journal of Bioengineering and Technology Applied to Health brings a second selection of articles presented at the VI International Symposium on Innovation and Technology (SIINTEC). The SIINTEC happens since 2015. The event is annual and promoted by SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The VI SIINTEC focused on discussing challenges in science, technology, and innovation after COVID-19.
Technology as a Pillar for Essential Oil Green Extraction
Authors: Carlos Machado  , Herman Lepikson  , Matheus Andrade  , Yasmim Thasla  , Sara Santos
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on essential oil (EO) extraction via steam distillation and the technological possibilities to enhance both operational and environmental performances. Steam distillation is the most common extraction method (93% of the worldwide volume), the opportunities in these production systems become a concrete target for improvements and are reflected in the businesses overall results. This paper brings the green extraction approach and the technology upgrade as an evolutionary path for this industry. A real process conception, in its current technology level, was assessed under the light of digital technology focus in order to enhance process effectiveness both in terms of material and energy balances, with direct effects over environmental performance and quality.
Extraction and Characterization of Coffee Silverskin Oil and Its Valorization by Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Danyelle A. Mota  , Anna Paula R. Silva  , Jefferson Cleriston B. Santos  , Milson S. Barbosa  , Lays C. Almeida  , Álvaro S. Lima  , Matheus M. Pereira  , Laiza C. Krause  , Cleide Mara F. Soares
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the coffee silverskin (CS) crude oil extraction process and characterization of physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis for fatty acids production. The soxhlet and ultrasonic extractions showed CS oil yield similar to 3.8% and 3.1%, respectively. CS oil extracted by soxhlet presented favorable physicochemical properties with the quality and was used as the feedstock for fatty acids production by enzymatic hydrolysis. The porcine pancreatic lipase showed hydrolytic activity of 1156 U.g-1 ± 13.4. Therefore, we verified the potential of application in biotransformation reactions of oils with biocatalyst with fatty acids production and valorization of coffee industry waste.
Technological Prospective Study of Green Coffee Processing
Authors: Marcos Lage Cajazeira Ramos  , Edna dos Santos Almeida  , Carlos César Ribeiro dos Santos
Published: March 2021

This article aims to identify patents referring to coffee processing and to correlate them with the exportation scenario of the processed coffee. The research relates the keywords “coffee” and “treatment” with the International Patent Codes, in the Espacenet database. The CIP A23F5/02 has predominance, with the United States figure as the largest holder (20) and Brazil with only one patent deposit. The article suggests that countries that promote research in technology become more competitive in the exportation of processed coffee, even without producing the grain. This explains the need for policies aimed at valuing research in technological innovation in the national industry.
Techniques Used for Metals' Analysis of Organic Compounds in Wastewater, Greywater and Rainwater: A Brief Review
Authors: Vinícius Silva dos Santos  , Lilian Lefol Nani Guarieiro
Published: March 2021

Water recycling is a sustainable way of managing water resources because of the large consumption of fresh water in the world caused by population growth, urbanization, and industrial development. However, the reuse of freshwater requires serious care due to the appearance of contaminants after its use, such as active chemicals, micropollutants, and pharmaceutical products. This study presents a systematic review of articles that includes terms of techniques used to assess metals and organic compounds in wastewater samples (a combination of effluents and water originated from bathrooms, showers, and kitchen sinks, and rainwater between the years 2000 and 2020).
Occupational Health and Safety in Biotechnological Processes: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Luma Mirely de Souza Brandão  , Milson dos Santos Barbosa  , Isabela Nascimento Souza  , Lays Carvalho de Almeida  , Danyelle Andrade Mota  , Rafael Buarque de Macêdo Gadêlha  , Graziele Áquila de Souza Brandão
Published: March 2021

An option to change partially or completely conventional chemical methods is a biotechnological process. It enables the development of environmentally friendly and innovative means. The safety of this process has not been fully examined, thus, the lack of awareness about risk management is a great concern. This work aims to elucidate the importance of recognizing, assessing, and controlling potential risks, and developing appropriate risk management to develop bioprocesses safely. For this purpose, qualitative research was carried out through scientific studies and current legislation. Safe development of biotechnological procedures allows for occupational safety throughout the processes. It was observed that control measures should be adopted to obtain a safe work environment for everyone. These measures can be carried out through anticipation, recognition, assessment, and control of existing risks or that may exist in the process. Also, it was found that the involvement of all adequate risk management is fundamental. Therefore, biotechnological processes must be developed safely for workers, the environment, and society.
Biomining in the post-COVID-19 circular bioeconomy: a “green dispute” for critical metals
Authors: Giese Ellen C
Published: March 2021

In the unparalleled response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many see beyond the pandemic a rare opportunity to build a resilient and low-carbon economic recovery. In this context, the circular economy represents a systemic shift that builds long-term resilience, generates business and economic opportunities, and provides environmental and societal benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic was a tipping point for many sectors that boost economies worldwide, mainly to mining sector. In the midst of the health and economic problems arising from the current crisis, several countries are moving ahead and outlining post-COVID-19 strategies for the supply of critical metals, which in the short term will be based on biomining.
A JUVENILE METATARSAL OF CF. DASPLETOSAURUS TOROSUS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ONTOGENY IN TYRANNOSAURID THEROPODS
Authors: YUN CHAN-GYU
Published: March 2021

A well preserved, but isolated metatarsal III of a tyrannosaurid dinosaur, originating probably from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, is tentatively referred to Daspletosaurus torosus. The size of the specimen suggests that it likely comes from a large juvenile, since the width of the distal end is about 63 % of that of a much larger individual. The morphology of the specimen supports the recently suggested hypotheses that apomorphies of tyrannosaurid taxa may have developed at young growth stages, and that juveniles of albertosaurines and tyrannosaurines may be easier to distinguish from one another than previously thought. Additionally, the specimen reported here is important in that it provides an addition to the very poor juvenile fossil record of Daspletosaurus.
From Old School to Open Science: The Implications of New Research Norms for Educational Psychology and Beyond
Authors: Gehlbach Hunter , Robinson Carly D
Published: March 2021

Recently, scholars have noted how several “old school” practices—a host of well-regarded, long-standing scientific norms—in combination, sometimes compromise the credibility of research. In response, other scholarly fields have developed several “open science” norms and practices to address these credibility issues. Against this backdrop, this special issue explores the extent to which and how these norms should be adopted and adapted for educational psychology and education more broadly. Our introductory article contextualizes the special issue’s goals by: overviewing the historical context that led to open science norms (particularly in medicine and psychology); providing a conceptual map to illustrate the interrelationships between various old school as well as open science practices; and then describing educational psychologists’ opportunity to benefit from and contribute to the translation of these norms to novel research contexts. We conclude by previewing the articles in the special issue.
Closed Product Life Cycle as a Basis of the Circular Economy
Authors: Vetrova Maria , Ivanova Dinara
Published: March 2021

Objective – The circular economy aims to preserve the value of products and materials within a closed supply chain. The existing models and decision-making methods for managing the end of the product life cycle are mostly focused on the economic aspects. While the circular economy is aimed at combining environmental, economic and social goals. This article aims to develop a model for enterprise decision-making on the disposal of used products, taking into account socio-environmental and economic factors.
Methodology/Technique – The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies on the formation of closed supply chains and the development of a circular economy. At the same time, special attention is focused on the model of a closed product life cycle, as a fundamental element in the formation of a circular economy at the micro and nano levels, as well as the importance of using digital technologies at all stages of the product life cycle.
Findings –The methods of product management at the end of the life cycle studied in the article have made it possible to form a simulation decision support model regarding the method of product disposal, taking into account environmental and economic feasibility.
Novelty – This study identified the main trends in the development of closed supply chains under the influence of digital technologies in the context of a circular economy.
Type of Paper: Review
JEL Classification: F42, F43
Keywords: Circular Economy; Digital Technology; Decision-making Model; Closed-loop Supply Chains

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Vetrova, M; Ivanova, D. (2021). Closed Product Life Cycle as a Basis of the Circular Economy, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 36–50. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(4)
The Technology and Knowledge Spillover Effects of FDI on Labour Productivity
Authors: Yunus Norhanishah Mohamad , Wahob Noraida Abdul
Published: March 2021

Objective – The purpose of this study is to investigate both “technology” and “knowledge” effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on labour productivity in the medium-high manufacturing industries’ classification in Malaysia.
Methodology/Technique –This study employs a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimator.
Findings – The results conclude that diffusion of knowledge, which increases labour productivity, is greater via “learning effects” as compared to the investor countries’ capital investments in the medium-high manufacturing industries.
Novelty –This study expands the body of knowledge about the benefits of FDI spillovers on labour productivity according to specific investor countries, however, are rarely researched particularly in developing countries and at the industry level.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: E60, J24
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment; Labour Productivity; Technology Spillovers; Knowledge Spillovers

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yunus,N.M; Wahob, N.A. (2021). The Technology and Knowledge Spillover Effects of FDI on Labour Productivity, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 51–58. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(5)
ATUAÇÃO MULTIDISCIPLINAR NO TRATAMENTO DA EPIDERMÓLISE BOLHOSA
Authors: Coringa de Lemos Gustavo , Trícia Gonçalves Fernandes Ivanna , Reis Vidal Pâmela
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: evidenciar a atuação multidisciplinar no tratamento dos indivíduos acometidos pela EB. MÉTODOS: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, onde artigos científicos sobre a temática foram pesquisados nas bases de dados: SCIELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e PubMED, publicados nos últimos 15 anos (2006- 2021), aplicando-se os seguintes descritores: Epidermólise Bolhosa e Multidisciplinar. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostram que a abordagem sobre a atuação multidisciplinar no manejo da patologia ainda é citada de forma discreta nos estudos científicos, pois apesar desta atuação ser considerada importante para proporcionar aos indivíduos um tratamento ainda mais efetivo, são poucas as relações expostas nos estudos entre os profissionais de saúde que podem contribuir para o tratamento do indivíduo acometido e dos seus familiares. CONCLUSÃO: através do presente estudo pôde-se evidenciar que a literatura apresenta uma escassez de estudos científicos sobre esta temática, principalmente sobre a atuação multiprofissional nos cuidados destes pacientes e seus familiares. Diante disso, surge a necessidade de realização de mais estudos sobre a EB, especialmente enfatizando a atuação multidisciplinar no manejo da patologia, para que assim estes estudos possam apoiar a prática dos profissionais de saúde.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Epidermólise Bolhosa. Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente. Doença Crônica.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA HANSENÍASE NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS NO PERÍODO DE 2015 A 2020
Authors: Moreira Cunha Luiza , Martins Moreira Gonçalves Amadeu , Lima Arruda Rejanne
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar dados epidemiológicos da prevalência de hanseníase no Estado do Tocantins no período de 2015 a 2020. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo com dados obtidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN), tendo como sujeito de pesquisa a população residente no Tocantins. As variáveis analisadas foram: Prevalência, sexo, idade, localidade, escolaridade e tipo de saída. RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 9789 casos de hanseníase, sendo 5413(55,3%) do sexo masculino e 4376 (44,7%) do sexo feminino. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 20 a 59 anos com 6577 (67,2%), não teve relação direta com o nível de escolaridade e a quanto ao tipo de saída a maioria obteve cura. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram a gravidade dessa doença no Tocantins, que mesmo antiga, essa patologia continua sendo um sério problema de saúde pública e necessita de maior esclarecimento para a população quanto a transmissão, tratamento e prevenção, diminuindo, assim, o preconceito e levando a busca pelo tratamento adequado.

Palavras chave: Endemias; Doenças Infectocontagiosas; Perfil de Saúde; Saúde Pública.
A New Realistic Spirit
Authors: Watzka Heinrich
Published: March 2021

I shall distinguish between two periods of analytic ontology, one semi-idealistic, the other post-idealistic. The former fostered the very idea of a conceptual scheme within which questions of ontology could be formulated and answered in the first place; the latter rejected this idea in favour of the view that ontological inquiry neither presupposes a framework, nor provides the framework for science or everyday speech. Since then, ontology is what it always have been, the systematic study of the most fundamental categories of being, not of thought. Unfortunately, such a category theory becomes aporetic in its search for a solution of the problem of the “temporary intrinsic” (D. Lewis). Experience cannot tell us, whether entities persist by “perduring” or by “enduring.” One can take an alternative route and seek to broaden the conceptual basis of ontology by focussing on “Being” (Sein) in contrast to entities, or being (Seiendes). The controversy on perdurantism and endurantism emerges as a dispute over two conflicting ways of being in time, not of Being itself.
La pertinence de l'ontologie pour la théologie
Authors: Favraux Paul
Published: March 2021

Ontology is still relevant for the reception of Christian revelation. Transcendental subjectivity, whose main role is to constitute, calls out for a deeper foundation. It is this deeper foundation that supplies an ontology of participation of all beings in Being and in God, as found in St Thomas and in some interpretations of his work (those of E. Gilson, A. Chapelle, A. Léonard). God's immanence in humanity and in creation, and human participation in Being and ultimately in God, enable us to conceive of a causal action upon the whole of humanity and upon the whole of creation, a causal action issuing from the death-resurrection of Christ. In the context of contemporary philosophy, marked too unilaterally by finitude and historicity, this ontology needs to be supplemented by an anthropological reflection on liberty—liberty donated to itself (C. Bruaire) rather than liberty uniquely devoted to an indefinite search of itself. This is the main point behind A. Chapelle's anthropology. Moreover, it is this sense of liberty that underlies at the same time a genuine pathway to ethics.
Contemporary Naturalism and Human Ontology
Authors: Charmetant Eric
Published: March 2021

Contemporary naturalism, especially through ethology, neuroscience and cognitive science, challenges the traditional ontological points of reference for determining the specificity of human beings. After illustrating the full measure of this upheaval, I will show the inadequacy of a return to traditional essentialism and will then defend the relevance of a different type of essentialism: an approach to human specificity in terms of a homeostatic property cluster.
Disenchantment, Rationality and the Modernity of Max Weber
Authors: Carroll Anthony J.
Published: March 2021

Following Aristotle's distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, Max Weber holds that beliefs about the world and actions within the world must follow procedures consistently and be appropriately formed if they are to count as rational. Here, I argue that Weber's account of theoretical and practical rationality, as disclosed through his conception of the disenchantment of the world, displays a confessional architecture consistently structured by a nineteenth century German Protestant outlook. I develop this thesis through a review of the concepts of rationality and disenchantment in Weber's major works and conclude that this conceptual framework depicts a Protestant account of modernity.
Universal Claims
Authors: Caruana Louis
Published: March 2021

Claims are universal when they are not dependent on when and where they are made. Mathematics and the natural sciences are the typical disciplines that allow such claims to be made. Is the striving for universal claims in other disciplines justified. Those who attempt to answer this question in the affirmative often argue that it is justified when mathematics and the natural sciences are taken as the model for other disciplines. In this paper I challenge this position and analyze the issue by looking at it from a new angle, a perspective that involves two key concepts: violence and loyalty. The result of this analysis throws light on the broader question concerning what the search for truth might mean in a pluralistic world.
Mortal Body, Immortal Mind
Authors: Goller Hans
Published: March 2021

Neuroscientists keep telling us that the brain produces consciousness and consciousness does not survive brain death because it ceases when brain activity ceases. Research findings on near-death-experiences during cardiac arrest contradict this widely held conviction. They raise perplexing questions with regard to our current understanding of the relationship between consciousness and brain functions. Reports on veridical perceptions during out-of-body experiences suggest that consciousness may be experienced independently of a functioning brain and that self-consciousness may continue even after the termination of brain activity. Data on studies of near-death-experiences could be an incentive to develop alternative theories of the body-mind relation as seen in contemporary neuroscience.
McDowell and Perceptual Reasons
Authors: Tomaszewska Anna
Published: March 2021

John McDowell claims that perception provides reasons for empirical beliefs. Perceptual reasons, according to the author of Mind and World, can be identified with passively “taken in” facts. Concepts figure in the acts of acquiring perceptual reasons, even though the acts themselves do not consist in judgments. Thus, on my reading, McDowell’s account of reasons-acquisition can be likened to Descartes’ account of the acquisition of ideas, rather than to Kant’s theory of judgment as an act by means of which one’s cognition comes to be endowed with objective validity. However, unlike Descartes, McDowell does not acknowledge the skeptical challenge which his conception of reasons-acquisition might face. He contends that perception is factive without arguing for the background assumption (about a “perfect match” between mind and world) on which it rests. Hence, as I suggest in my article, the McDowellian claim that perception provides reasons for empirical beliefs is not sufficiently warranted.
Faith as a Mustard Seed
Authors: Jacquette Dale
Published: March 2021

This investigation of the concept of faith is divided into two parts. Part One evaluates a recent philosophical interpretation of faith as irreducibly disjunctive, collecting the best fragmented ideas as to what constitutes faith in a recent family resemblance exposition as an objective for an adequate essentialist analysis of the concept of faith to achieve. Part Two offers a more extended essentialist analysis of the concept of faith as unconditional patience in the eventuality of a positive future state, and a detailed reduction of six supposedly disparate family resemblance senses of faith to this single definition. Criteria for a satisfactory analysis of faithfulness are considered and defended. In contrast with what has become a standard doxastic-epistemic interpretation of faith as persistent unjustified or even unjustifiable belief, a concept of faith is advanced that appears to satisfy the necessary and sufficient criteria identified. Systematic comparison with a variety of usages of the word “faith” suggests that the analysis agrees with many and arguably most applications of this sometimes loosely understood term. Implications of the analysis of the concept of faith are considered and defended against anticipated objections. Pascal’s wager is critically examined in relation to matters of religious faith, along with positivist meaningfulness requirements that seem to conflict especially with epistemically ungrounded belief, the power of faith, and the metaphorical size of mustard seeds. The inquiry concludes with a synthesis of five aspects of six supposedly distinct senses of faith under the single essentialist reductive umbrella of unconditional patience in the eventuality of a positive future state.
Morwenna Ludlow: Gregory of Nyssa: Ancient and (Post)modern
Authors: Darovskikh Andrew
Published: March 2021

The article reviews the book Gregory of Nyssa: Ancient and (Post)modern, by Morwenna Ludlow.
Roman Darowski: Filozofia Jezuitów na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w XIX wieku
Authors: Darowski Roman
Published: March 2021

The article summarizes the book Filozofia Jezuitów na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w XIX wieku [The Philosophy of the Jesuit in the Terriroties of the Former Commonwealth: Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine in the 19th Century], by Roman Darowski.
Pengaruh Return on Asset, Total Assets Turnover, Price Earning Ratio dan Dividend Per Share Terhadap Harga Saham (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2019
Authors: Sari Tamara Irna , Veterina Isbandini
Published: March 2021

This study aims to see the effect of the effect of Return on Asset (ROA), Total Asset Turn Over (TATO), Price Earning Ratio (PER), and Dividend Per Share (DPS) on share prices in mining sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of year. 2015-2019 and using a sample of 17 companies that match the criteria. Model data analysis and hypothesis testing using descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, multiple linear test. The test used the Microsoft Excel 2016 software assisted hypothesis, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The results prove that partially and simultaneously, Return on Asset (ROA), Total Asset Turn Over (TATO), Price Earning Ratio (PER), and Dividend Per Share (DPS) have a significant effect on stock prices.
Pengaruh Belanja Ekonomi di Era Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Kemiskinan di Indonesia
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Hamdani Hamdani , Ilyas Ilyas , Maryam Maryam
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of provincial government sectoral spending on poverty in the era of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the sectoral expenditure variables that are considered closely related to poverty are economic spending, housing and public facilities spending, health spending, education spending, and social protection spending according to provinces in Indonesia. The data in this study is panel data, namely cross-section of 33 provinces, and time series of 4 years, namely the period 2012 - 2015. After the Chow test and Hausman test, as well as the lagrange multiplier test, the analysis model in this study was determined to be the random effect model, which is a common analysis model in panel data analysis. This study concludes that partially negative economic spending on poverty, meaning that sector spending can reduce poverty in the era of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia. In this analysis, it was found that the ability of the independent variable in explaining the dependent variable was 0.190165 units or 19.02%, and the remaining 80.98% was explained by other variables not included in this study.
PENANGANAN NARAPIDANA RISIKO TINGGI DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK-HAKNYA UNTUK MENDAPATKAN PROGRAM PEMBEBASAN BERSYARAT DI LAPAS KELAS I MAKASSAR
Authors: Rosliani Rosliani , Mas Marwan , Siku Abdul Salam
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemberian pembebasan bersyarat bagi narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) Kelas I Makassar serta mengetahui bagaimana perlakuan khusus terhadap narapidana risiko tinggi di dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan serta implementasi kebijakan perlakuan khusus terhadap narapidana risiko tinggi di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar pada Kantor Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah pendekatan normative empiris. Maksudnya pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk menganalisa tentang sejauh manakah suatu peraturan atau perundang-undangan atau hukum yang sedang berlaku secara efektif dalam masyarakat mengenai pelaksanaan pemberian pembebasan bersyarat bagi narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) Kelas I Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanganan narapidana resiko tinggi pada Lapas Kelas I Makassar sudah cukup efektif dengan menempatkan narapidana resiko tinggi ditempat terpisah dengan narapidana tindak pidana lain serta pemberian program pembebasan bersyarat agar narapidana memperoleh kesempatan beradaptasi dan berbaur kembali dengan masyarakat luas.
This study aims to determine the implementation of parole for prisoners in Class I Penitentiary (LAPAS) Makassar and to find out how the special treatment of high-risk prisoners in penitentiary and the implementation of special treatment policies for high-risk prisoners in penitentiary. This research was conducted in Makassar in the Class I Penitentiary Office. The method used was an empirical normative approach. The purpose of this approach taken was to analyze the extent of a regulation or legislation or law applicable in the community regarding the implementation of granting parole for prisoners in Class I Penitentiary Makassar. The results of this study indicate that the handling of high-risk prisoners in Class I Penitentiary Makassar is quite effective by placing high-risk prisoners separated from other criminal inmates and providing parole programs so that prisoners have the opportunity to adapt and socialise with a wider community.
DIVERSI SEBAGAI UPAYA ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN KASUS PIDANA ANAK PADA WILAYAH HUKUM POLRES MAROS
Authors: Sikati Syarief , Renggong Ruslan , Madiong Baso
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diversi sebagai bentuk mediasi dan alternatif penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana anak pada Polres Maros. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Maros. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yurdis normatif dan empiris. Data bersumber dari hasil wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversi merupakan alternatif penyelesaian perkara yang dilakukan anak walaupun tidak semua kasis yang dilakukan anak diselesaikan dengan diversi
This study aims to analyze diversion as a form of mediation and alternative settlement of criminal cases of children in the Maros Regional Police (Polres Maros). This research was conducted in Maros Regency. The research approach uses a normative and empirical judicial approach. Data sourced from interviews and literature study. The results showed that diversion was an alternative solution of crimes done by children even though not all cases made by children were resolved by diversion.
A survey on Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Optimization Problems
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Kumar Yogendra
Published: March 2021

Cuckoo search algorithm is one the efficient algorithms in solving global optimization problems.
Al-Bayhaqi’s Preferred Opinions in his Book Al-Khilafiyat-Chapter of Breastfeeding
Authors: Freeh Athra'a Hameed , Al-Hiti Ayman Abdel-Qader
Published: March 2021

This research is a comparative jurisprudential study that focuses on Imam Al-Bayhaqi’s preferred opinions in his book Al-Khilafiyat (The Disagreements), the part of Al-Rida’a (Breastfeeding). It is considered one of the most important familial topics that is concerned with organizing the social relations in Islam, strengthens the family ties and that prevents the family disintegration due to the ignorance and lack in comprehending Sharia laws (Islam law) in all aspects. The study follows the inductive and descriptive method. It aims at examining the prohibition of marriage when breastfeeding takes place at the time of woman’s conversion to Islam or during her infidelity period. It further aims at verifying the prohibition that helps to know the most correct point of view among jurists. That is; to know whether or not the preference of Imam Al-Bayhaqi’s opinion or other jurists is the correct issue in his book, Al-Khilafat. This preference depends on the strength of the transmission evidence inferred by each doctrine. The study has found that five times of separate breastfeeding leads to sense of prohibition, and that the period that a mother should wean her child in infancy is that of two years only.
Using the Image in Teaching Arabic Language Vocabulary to Non-Native Speakers: The Experience of the Arabic Language Institute - King Abdul-Aziz University - as a Model
Authors: Elaimam Amal Mussa Abbass
Published: March 2021

The study aims to demonstrate the importance of instructional methods in teaching Arabic language as a second language or teaching the Arabic language to non-native speakers. The study is in line with the tremendous development in the field of knowledge, especially in the field of technology and communication, and the emergence of many electronic media in education in general and language teaching in particular. It employs an image in teaching vocabulary and presenting the experience of the Arabic Language Institute for Non-Speakers-King Abdul-Aziz University. The study follows the descriptive approach to solve the problem represented by the lack of interest in the educational methods when teaching Arabic as a second language. Accordingly, the study is to answer the following questions: What is the importance of using teaching aids when teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers?What are the methods of employing (an image) as an instructional tool in teaching vocabulary? The study has reached that teaching aids are of great importance in studying the Arabic language for the non-native, the image of the audio and visual aids plays a great role in teaching vocabulary to the beginners. In its modern version, it helps directly in teaching the language from a distance and thus fulfills the hopes of many in teaching Arabic language and covers the acute shortage of a language teacher.
The Effectiveness of Instructional Scaffolding Strategy in the Development of Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking in Female Second Year Secondary Students in Mathematics
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed Sanat , Bin-Jabal Amnah Saeed
Published: March 2021

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of instructional scaffolding strategy in the development of academic achievement and critical thinking of female second grade secondary mathematics students. Semi-experimental and relational descriptive method was used. The sample of the study consisted of (50) students divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught using scaffolding strategy whereas the control group was taught using traditional method. Pre- and Post-tests were used to achieve the objective of the study. The results of the study revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the posttest for both the academic achievement and critical thinking scale in favor of the experimental group. Furthermore, the findings have shown that there is a positive correlation between academic achievement and critical thinking. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommend curriculum designers and decision makers to integrate the scaffolding strategy in curricula and hold workshops for teachers to use scaffolding strategy in teaching mathematics.
The Conflict of Active Regional and International Powers over Nagorny Karabakh Region
Authors: Ali Widad H. K. , Al-Wadi Muhaymin A. T.
Published: March 2021

The current study is descriptive; it focuses on studying the contemporary geopolitical problem, and sectarian differences in Caucasus. Nagorno-Karabakh is considered an important disputed region nowadays. Many parties and states participated in this dispute, especially after the conflict had developed into an open war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Thus, the study aims to examine the causes of the conflict in this region, analyze the international positions on this conflict, and find if Armenia was able to occupy this region. The methodology adopted by the researchers is the functional approach, and the theory of power analysis that Cohen created for analyzing all strengths that drove each of the parties to compete with one another other over the vital area. Among the most important findings of the research are: the multiplicity of causes of conflict in this region; one of which is the passage of one of the most important energy pipelines, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan line, and the different positions and roles of the actors in this conflict, where some of which support the state of Azerbaijan, and others support the state of Armenia according to what serves their interests. Armenia was able to occupy Karabakh region, and other areas surrounding it that constitute a fifth of the area of ​​Azerbaijan through the war between them since 1989. The study concluded that the conflict is sectarian, ethnic and historical. Armenia considers Karabakh a starting point to achieve the ambition of the united states of Armenia.
The Syrian Crisis and its Impact on Russia Economically and Politically
Authors: Al-Jumaily Ali Taha Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Th paper scientifically deals with the Syrian crisis events erupted in 2011 using the historical descriptive and analytical approaches. The importance of the paper comes from the serious crisis that occurred in a region rich of historical crises, and natural resources attracting the attention of the major countries. The paper aims to show the Syrian crisis, its importance to Russia, the United States, and the regional countries, its impact on Russia economically and politically after the intervention, and Russia’s achievements on a global level holding the influential power on international decisions and other global events. The new Russian strategy has proven its worth in preserving its strategic interests as it could help the Syrian regime to defeat the armed groups, and impose its authority over most of the country. As a result of its military intervention, Russia suffered from an increase in its military expenditures reaching (69.2) billion dollars in 2016 compared to 2015 which was (66.4). This shows that the military campaign in Syria has caused a significant increase in spending, and nearly (600,000) of the Russian companies have stopped working. Thus, (13%) of the Russians have fallen below the poverty line. Despite this, Russia has been able to restore its prestigious position in the international scene via influencing the course of political and military events in Syria as well as preserving its regime, which is one of its most prominent allies in the Middle East region.
Ethics-Breaking Crimes: A Social Field Study in Baghdad City
Authors: Abd allah Haneen Hassain , Mustafa Adnan Yasin
Published: March 2021

Crime has become a phenomenon associated with human socialization.  Wherever human groups are found, a crime, which differs from one society to another, is found. It is one of the most dangerous social issues that undermines the solidarity of a given society. This is because it establishes a takeoff from community's norms, values, customs and traditions, and thus turns into a danger to the lives of people, groups and society that threatens its strength and security. The paper focuses on the crimes that violate the social law, like child rape, incest and electronic extortion, which are increasing in size, increasing as a result their repercussions on the human society. The study seeks several objectives, including: examining the nature and dimensions of crimes that violate the values and system of social control and their repercussions. It also investigates the reasons that led to the spread of these crimes breaching accordingly the social law and the value system. This study is a descriptive and analytical one which relied on the social survey using a sampling method. The sample of the study was 150  intentionally selected inmates deposited in some prisons of the Iraqi Correctional Department of perpetrators of child rape, incest, electronic extortion. Besides, 50 social workers and researchers were intentionally selected, too. The data was processed statistically, using (SPSS) program. Moreover, observation, interview tools were used to record information. Results have shown that most of the perpetrators of social transgression crimes, (61.3%), are of lowest levels (illiterate, read and write, primary). Further, the majority of the sample members are males, (127) with a percentage of (84.7%). Finally, it has been found that most sample members (58.0%) came from poor class and sufferred from conditions of weakness.
Variables (Bias-cut) of Tailoring and their Effect on the Quality of Fitting the Standard Pattern for Large-Shaped Iraqi Ladies
Authors: Saleh Rasha Ali , Al-Tamimi Bushra Fadel S.
Published: March 2021

The present research is descriptive and analytical by nature; it practically presents the method of implementing the standard pattern in an unconventional way using the bias-cut line. The study aims at investigating the variables of bias-cut and their suitability for fitting large-shaped Iraqi ladies. It also aims at exploring the artistic and innovative features of the bias-cut. Therefore, one needs to understand the rules and basics of clothing and the nature of the body to reach the maximum degree of control.Consequently, the study is to answer the following questions: What is the effectiveness of tailoring on the bias-cut in fitting a standard template of a large-shaped Iraqi ladies? Is it possible to obtain from the offered possibilities of bias-cut styles innovative designs that go with fashion lines?The study represents a new addition to the clothing industry through the use of unconventional methods in fitting the standard template. It helps to find innovative solutions and new entrances using design treatments. The sample of the study included (100) women stature chosen on purpose. The study has found that the use of the fitting variables contributed to increasing the fitting and avoiding the minor defects of the standard template. The study recommends focusing on treating some abnormalities in some body patterns, using optical illusions when designing clothes. This is due to the elasticity, softness and luxury of the bias-cut line, which helps hide and avoid the defects of the standard template and adjust them. The study suggested studying the variables of tailoring and their effect on the special-sized clothes group.