bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIASI POLYURETHANE TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT POLIMER BERONGGA (POLYMERIC COMPOSITE FOAM) YANG AKAN DIGUNAKAN PADA PESAWAT UAV
Authors: Andri Setiawan  , Ikhwansyah Isranuri  , Tugiman  , Alfian Hamsi  , Suprianto
Published: March 2022

Komposit adalah suatu material yang terdiri dari campuran atau kombinasi dua atau lebih material baik secara mikro atau makro, dimana sifat material yang tersebut berbeda bentuk dan komposisi kimia dari zat asalnya. Material komposit adalah material yang terbuat dari dua bahan atau lebih yang tetap terpisah dan berbeda dalam level makroskopik selagi membentuk komponen tunggal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan karakteristik mekanik komposit polymeric foam diperkuat serat Batang Kelapa Sawit yang digunakan pada badan pesawat. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji tarik dan uji tekan untuk mendapatkan nilai tegangan, regangan dan modulus elastisitas. Material komposit didefinisikan sebagai material yang terbuat dari dua bahan atau lebih yang tetap terpisah dan berbeda. Serat yang di pakai pada penelitian ini adalah serat Batang Kelapa Sawit yang bermanfaat memliki sifat lembut dan struktur yang berpori sehingga dapat menyerap energi suara. Nilai Tegangan rata-rata dari hasil pengujian tarik adalah 6,1784 MPa dan hasil pengujian tekan adalah 13,18619473MPa. Nilai Regangan rata-rata dari hasil pengujian tarik adalah 0,014216 mm/mm dan hasil pengujian tekan adalah 0,241212618 mm/mm. Nilai Modulus Elastisitas rata-rata dari hasil pengujian tarik adalah 450,52476567221 MPa dan hasil pengujian tekan adalah 54,6442656 MPa.
PENGARUH VARIASI POLYURETHANE TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN KOEFISIEN SERAP BUNYI PADA MATERIAL KOMPOSIT POLYMERIC FOAM UNTUK PEMBUATAN BADAN PESAWAT UAV
Authors: Frans Dinata  , Ikhwansyah Isranuri  , Farida Ariani  , A. Husein Siregar  , Marragi M.
Published: March 2022

Material akustik adalah material teknik yang fungsi utamanya adalah untuk menyerap suara. Material akustik adalah suatu bahan yang dapat menyerap energi suara, namun besarnya energi yang diserap berbeda-beda untuk tiap bahan. Tujuan umum dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisa sifat fisis dan koefisien serap bunyi material komposit polymeric foam yang diperkuat serat batang kelapa sawit yang dipakai untuk badan pesawat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tabung impedansi guna mengukur koefsien serap bunyi material polymeric foam dengan variasi ketebalan 5, 10, dan 15mm. Dari penelitian ini didapat bahwa variabel II memiliki sifat fisis dan sifat mekanik yang baik dengan massa 1,6367g, volume 3,03ml, dan massa jenis 539,56 kg/m3. Dan untuk pengujian daya serap bunyi digunakan spesimen dengan variabel II. Frekuensi yang paling baik diserap oleh material komposit yaitu pada frekuensi menengah. Untuk ketebalan 5mm nilai koefisien absorpsi paling tinggi sebesar 0,5557 yaitu pada frekuensi 1500Hz, sedangkan pada ketebalan 10mm nilai koefisien absorpsi paling tinggi sebesar 0,5060 pada frekuensi 1000Hz, dan pada ketebalan 15mm nilai koefisien absorpsi paling tinggi sebesar 0,5109 pada frekuensi 500Hz.
SIMULASI ANSYS 14.0 KEKUATAN IMPAK JATUH BEBAS PADA STRUKTUR ATAP MOBIL DARI BAHAN KOMPOSIT POLYMERIC FOAM DIPERKUAT SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Abdullah Y. Harahap  , Syahrul Abda  , Bustami Syam  , Marragi M.  , Tugiman
Published: March 2022

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit jumlahnya sangatlah melimpah dikarenakan pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit yang terdapat di Indonesia memiliki jumlah yang sangat banyak, menurut survey yang dilakukan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit saat ini mencapai 20 juta ton. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit memiliki nilai ekonomis untuk direkayasa sebagai bahan alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan dengan alasan masih berlimpahnya bahan baku, bebas korosi, tahan dan mampu menyerap panas, oleh karena itu serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penguat bahan komposit polymeric foam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan, menganalisa kekuatan struktur atap mobil terhadap beban impak jatuh bebas dengan mensimulasikan dengan meggunakan perangkat lunak Ansys 14.0. Pembuatan struktur atap mobil dari bahan komposit polymeric foam dibuat menggunakan metode penuagan langsung yang terdiri dari bahan matrik dan penguat. Matrik resin BTQN 157 EX, poliuretan dibuat dari campuran poliol dengan isosianat, serta katalis MEKPO dan sebagai penguat adalah serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Dari proses simulasi yang dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak Ansys 14,0, maka diperoleh hasil simulasi perangkat lunak Ansys 14.0 diperoleh (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠) = 31130 [Pa].
ANALISA TEKANAN PADA BANTALAN LUNCUR MENGGUNAKAN MINYAK PELUMAS ENDURO SAE 20W/50 DAN FEDERAL SAE20W/50 DENGAN VARIASI PUTARAN
Authors: David M. Hutabarat  , Hazwi Mulfi , Taufiq B. N.  , Himsar Ambarita  , A. Husein Siregar
Published: March 2022

Pelumasan adalah suatu cara untuk mengurangi dan memperkecil gesekan dan keausan diantara permukaan-permukaan yang bergerak relatif satu sama lain dengan menempatkan bahan pelumas diantara kedua permukaan yang bergerak tersebut.Bahan pelumas yang umum digunakan adalah berupa cairan (liquids) dan semi-liquid, tapi dapat juga berupa padat atau gas, atau kombinasi cair padat dan gas. Bahan pelumas dalam wujud cairan sering disebut dengan minyak pelumas. Minyak pelumas banyak digunakan pada motor bakar, baik untuk jenis pembakaran dengan busi (siklus otto) maupun untuk jenis pembakaran dengan tekanan (siklus disel dan siklus dual).Minyak pelumas juga digunakan pada sektor industri, misalnya untuk bantalan, roda gigi, pompa maupun kompresor, turbin dan lain-lain.Banyak jenis-jenis minyak pelumas yang beredar di pasaran saat ini sehingga konsumen bebas memilih jenis minyak pelumas yang digunakan sebagai bahan pelumasan. Khusus pada penelitian ini digunakan dua jenis minyak pelumas yaitu minyak pelumas Enduro SAE 20W/50 dan minyak pelumas Federal SAE 20W/50 sebagai perbandingannya. Dalam penelitian dilakukan perbandingan antara minyak pelumas oli kemasan dengan minyak pelumas oli drum untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan oli drum pada bantalan luncur. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah tekanan pada bantalan luncur menggunakan minyak pelumas Enduro SAE 20W/50 2665 Pa dan minyak pelumas Federal SAE 20W/50 sebesar 2978 Pa.
SIMULASI UJI FATIK PADA MATERIAL PADUAN ALUMINIUM DAN MAGNESIUM DENGAN VARIASI PEMBEBANAN
Authors: Apriyan A. Saputra  , Ikhwansyah Isranuri  , Bustami Syam  , Marragi M.  , M. Sabri
Published: March 2022

Objek pengujian adalah paduan aluminium dan magnesium. Variasi persentase bahan adalah 96% aluminium dan 4% magnesium. Untuk mengetahui galat atau error perbandingan hasil uji sebenarnya dengan hasil uji simulasi. Pada proses simulasi pengujian fatik, dilakukan 3 variasi berat beban uji. Pada berat 11,94 kg menghasilkan tegangan 59,70 MPa, Pada berat 7,62 menghasilkan tegangan 53,74 MPa, Pada berat 5,97 menghasilkan tegangan 45,52 MPa. Dilakukan juga simulasi uji fatik dengan menggunakan program ansys 14.5 dan di ketahui : Pada beban 117,13 N didapatkan umur kelelahan minimum 47120 cycles, faktor keamanan 1,2949 cycles, tegangan alternating stress maksimum 8,945 MPa, Pada beban 74,7522 N didapatkan umur kelelahan minimum 82565 cycles, faktor keamanan 1,7128 cycles, tegangan alternating stress maksimum 2,074 MPa, Pada beban 58,5657 N didapatkan umur kelelahan minimum 135515 cycles, faktor keamanan 2,1106 cycles, tegangan alternating stress maksimum 0,00114 MPa.
PENGARUH TEKANAN GAS PADA PENGELASAN OXI ASETILEN WELDING TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KETANGGUHAN PADA BAHAN ALUMUNIUM-MAGNESIUM
Authors: Pratama Yudi , Sabri  , Isranuri Ikhwansyah , Muttaqin Maraghi , Sitompul Darwin
Published: March 2022

Pembangunan konstruksi dengan menggunakan logam pada masa sekarang ini banyak melibatkan unsur pengelasan khususnya bidang rancang bangun karena sambungan las merupakan salah satu pembuatan sambungan yang secara teknis memerlukan keterampilan yang tinggi bagi pengelas agar diperoleh sambungan dengan kualitas baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai ketangguhan sambungan las pada material aluminium magnesium serta karakterisitik hasil pengelasan dengan variasi tekanan gas oxy asetilen . pada penelitian ini menggunakan campuran logam aluminium-magnesium pada pengelasan oxy asetilen welding (OAW) dengan variasi tekanan O2 1lb,c2h2 3lb/m² dan tekanan O2 2 lb,c2h2 6lb/m². Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini meliputi hasil pengujian Tarik,di mana pada tekanan O2 1 lb,c2h2 3lb/m memiliki nilai tegangan rata-rata 85,6 MPa dan nilai regangan rata-rata 2,38 %, pada tekanan O2 2 lb,c2h2 6lb/m2 nilai tegangan rata-rata 112 MPa dan nilai regangan rata-rata 1,88 %.pada pengujian Impact nilai rata-rata energi yang di serap pada tekanan O2 1 lb,c2h2 3lb/m2 23,85 J dan pada tekanan O2 2 lb,c2h2 6lb/m2 23,17 J, pengujian kekerasan pada tekanan O2 1 lb,c2h2 3lb/m2 nilai BHN rata-rata 97,53 dan pada tekanan O2 2 lb,c2h2 6lb/m2 nilai BHN rata-rata 81,63,dan Metallografi.dimana pada pengujian metalografi terlihat warna putih keperakan menunjukan aluminium dan butiran berwarna hitam menunjukan magnesium. Di mana pada tekanan O2 1 lb,c2h2 2lb/m2 terdapat lubang-lubang kecil ( porositas ),sementara pada tekanan O2 2 lb,c2h2 6lb/m hampir tidak memiliki lubang-lubang kecil ( porositas ).
SIMULASI PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN SHOP DRAWING PADA PEMBANGUNAN LIFT PENUMPANG KAPASITAS 20 ORANG/1350 KG
Authors: Hamsi Alfian , Siregar Irfan A. , M. Sabri  , Mahadi  , Tugiman
Published: March 2022

Lift sangat diperlukan untuk mempercepat transport Karyawan antar lantai di gedung Camridge Mall. Metoda yang digunakan adalah metoda perancangan, mengunakan formula dan perhitungan pada motor pengerak, Number of Bend, umur tali baja yang sebagian datanya diambil dari survai lapangan sehingga diperoleh : ukuran hoistway : 2,600 mm x 2,400 mm, panjang lintasan : 24.500 mm kecepatan : 60 m/s, umur tali baja : 2,6 tahun, motor : 11,5 Hp. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah Shop Drawing lift penumpang kapasitas 20 orang/1350 kg tipe Machine Room Less. Kesimpulan dari perancangan ini adalah telah dirancang sebuah lift penumpang dengan kecepatan 60 m/s dan menggunakan tali baja tipe 6 x 37 = 222 + 1 C di gedung Camridge Mall, Medan yang semuanya digambarkan pada Shop Drawing.
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL VIBRASI TORSIONAL DENGAN VARIASI PUTARAN PADA RODA GIGI LURUS
Authors: Purwatmo  , Isranuri Ikhwansyah , M. Sabri  , Abda Syahrul , Ariani Farida
Published: March 2022

Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi, pendeteksian getaran mesin dengan metode klasik yaitu interaksi antara manusia (operator) dan mesin dengan cara mendengarkan suara mesin dan menyentuh/meraba (hearing and touching) tidak lagi handal untuk dilakukan, karena mesin-mesin modern dirancang berjalan secara otomatis dan beroperasi pada putaran dan kecepatan tinggi. Untuk itu dibutuhkan peralatan uji ataupun peralatan pengukur sebagai bagian proses kegiatan Condition Based Maintenance (CBM). Penelusuran getaran yang terjadi pada mesin dapat berupa getaran translasi maupun rotasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh variasi putaran terhadap getaran torsional. Instrumen eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Vibrometer laser ometron VQ-400-A-F. Roda gigi yang distudi adalah roda gigi lurus dengan jumlah gigi 36. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai getaran torsional pada kecepatan 400 rpm sebesar 0,000822726 kg.m.s dan getaran torsional pada putaran 1200 rpm sebesar 0,000307676 kg.m.s, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar kecepatan putaran pada mesin maka semakin kecil getaran torsional yang dihasilkan.
SIMULASI VIBRASI BERBASIS METODE ELEMEN HINGGA MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE ANSYS UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI KONDISI PADA SUDU KOMPRESOR TURBIN GAS SIEMENS V 94.2 SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK
Authors: Isranuri Ikhwansyah , Hasibuan Muhammad Asroh
Published: March 2022

Vibrasi memiliki banyak pengaruh dalam proses permesinan, analisis getaran digunakan sebagai alat diagnostic untuk memperkirakan kondisi dan kerasukan suatu komponen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Memproyeksikan deformasi total, regangan elastis normal, tegangan normal yang terjadi pada sudu kompresor dan untuk Menganalisa vibrasi yang terjadi pada sudu kompresor. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan kompresor turbin gas siemens v 94.2 dengan jumlah sudu 16 tingkat. Dalam proses melakukan simulasi menggunakan software ANSYS Workbench 18.1 dan proses design menggunakan software Solidworks 2015. Dalam proses simulasi digunakan dua kecepatan putar yaitu 3000 rpm dan 5000 rpm dengan pemberian beban dinamis dari tiga sumbu dan di pengaruhi oleh gaya gravitasi. Pemilihan material dari kompresor ini adalah baja, proses design digunakan dalam bentuk solid Dari hasil perbandingan diperoleh total deformation dan normal mengalami kenaikan paling tinggi pada arah vertikal. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh gaya gravitasi yang terjadi pada kompresor, karena pada arah vertikal pembebanan dilakukan berlawanan dengan gaya gravitasi. Didapatkan juga ketika kecepataan putar dirubah dari 3000 rpm menjadi 5000 rpm, total deformation, normal elastic strain, dan normal stress hampir naik tiga kali lipat.stress mengalami penurunan pada arah vertikal sedangkan normal elastic strain dan kompresor aman dari frekuensi kritis.
El tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá como instrumento complementario al Acuerdo de París en la lucha contra el cambio climático
Authors: Ramírez Bañuelos Jesús Francisco
Published: March 2022

Mediante el enfoque de la dogmática jurídica, este artículo pretende demostrar que el retiro de los Estados Unidos de América del Acuerdo de París contraviene las obligaciones que contiene el Tratado entre México, los Estados Unidos y Canadá (T-MEC).

Se estudia el alcance de las disposiciones fijadas en el artículo 24.8 del T-MEC para los Estados Parte de alcanzar un nivel común de compromiso con el medio ambiente, principalmente, en los Tratados Multilaterales en esa materia como lo es el Acuerdo de París.

Primero, se establecen los antecedentes del proceso de adopción del Acuerdo de París y del T-MEC. Después se estudia la importancia de los tratados medioambientales como elementos complementarios del instrumento comercial norteamericano. Posteriormente, se analizan las obligaciones adoptadas por los tres países en materia de medio ambiente. Finalmente, se estudia la cooperación entre los Estados Parte del T-MEC para fortalecer la protección y gobernanza medio ambiental.
daños punitivos. Su procedencia en casos de responsabilidad del Estado
Authors: Veloz Romo Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2022

La figura de la responsabilidad del Estado tiene como fin el mejoramiento de las actividades que son desarrolladas por los órganos públicos, en defensa de los derechos de los gobernados; sin embargo, en la práctica no se ha logrado una mejor prestación de los servicios estatales, sino que se siguen causando daños a los gobernados, inclusive en muchas ocasiones con actuaciones premeditadas. Ante esta postura, el presente trabajo busca determinar si sería posible incorporar una figura como la de los daños punitivos en la actividad del Estado, y de esta forma evitar daños a futuro.
La negociación como solución alternativa frente al cumplimiento contractual en los tiempos de distanciamiento social
Authors: Rojas Ulloa Milushka Felicitas
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal proponer la negociación como solución alternativa frente al incumplimiento contractual en tiempos de distanciamiento social, toda vez que actualmente existe una sobrecarga en el sistema judicial peruano debido a la coyuntura provocada por la COVID-19. En un inicio, se aborda el tratamiento del ordenamiento civil peruano ante el incumplimiento contractual, para después desarrollar los métodos alternativos de resolución de controversias. Se finaliza con el desarrollo de la negociación y su idoneidad para resolver la presente problemática, tomando como base los cuatro principios y los siete elementos del método de negociación de Harvard.
Consentimiento informado y responsabilidad médica
Authors: Garay Herazo Kennier José
Published: March 2022

Esta recensión fue realizada en el marco del proyecto de investigación El proceso disciplinario ético-profesional médico, ejecutado por el grupo de Investigación Derecho, Cultura y Ciudad de la Universidad de San Buenaventura Medellín, Colombia.  El autor de esta reseña participó como co-investigador durante la ejecución del proyecto referido. Actualmente se desempeña como integrante del grupo de Investigación Saber, Poder y Derecho, de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
The Contribution of Information Communication Technology to the Dwindling Reading Culture among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Olufunke Ibrahim Juliet
Published: March 2022

The idea that Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become the lifeblood of national development is no longer news. Similarly, it is no news that it has contributed immensely to the economies of nations and revolutionized the means and methods of studying. However, the information of interest and concern now is how it has contributed to the dwindling reading culture among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This topic was studied through oral interviews and personal interaction to know how students' reading habits have declined tremendously as a result of the advent of ICT using selected Kogi State University students as a case study. It is discovered through our informants that much time is given by the students to surfing the internet for both relevant and mostly irrelevant materials to their academic progress at the expense of reading natural materials such as textbooks and notebooks. This practice has depleted their natural mental ability and reduced their capacity to read comprehensively and effectively with consequent mass failure in both their internal and external examinations. The data collected were analyzed using the simple descriptive statistical tool to compute and summarize the findings. It was discovered that the advent of ICT has in no small way depleted their natural mental ability to read comprehensively and effectively. This paper is of the opinion that students need to put their internet use under control, appreciate the fact that all life is not yet online and see the internet for now as only a means to an end. This paper concludes with the view that lecturers need to sensitize the students on the importance of reading to their intellectual and moral development so that reading can start to take its rightful position alongside ICT.
The Colors of the Browns: A Thematic Approach in the Teaching of Philippine Literature
Authors: Layug Mark Joseph B.
Published: March 2022

Literature has always been an instrument that reflects the life and times of people of various ages and civilizations. This is the reason why Literature subjects are incorporated in the Philippine curricula from the secondary to the tertiary level. The aim of this course is to broaden the knowledge of academic patrons as regards the realities that engulf a particular society. The researcher has foreseen the importance of Philippine Literature instruction, especially with the advent of K to 12. Thus, this literary research is the proponents’ dissertation which intends to add to the existing methodologies and approaches in the teaching of Philippine Literature in the contemporary. The researcher has come up with an instructional guide that would serve as alternative reference material for Literature teachers in the K to 12 program. However, only three (3) analyses from the instructional guide were included in this journal. This instructional guide takes a detour from the conventional instruction of Literature by focusing on the thematic approach rather than the biographical, historical and regional approach. Furthermore, the study is a breakthrough in Philippine Literature instruction since it would be the first non-empirical study to venture into the thematic facilitation of Philippine letters for grades 11 and 12. The instructional guide explores the literature written by Filipino authors in the past and present in accordance with theme, conflict, and symbol to determine their worth and merits through analytical inquiry. Each literary selection is analyzed using the text as the primary evidence. The thematic evaluation reveals the four main characteristics of the Filipinos: Filipinos are loving and passionate; they are strong and resilient; they are a product of hybridity; they have greatly suffered, but their positivity toward life is always put in the obvious.
SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE COLÁGENO PARA ENVELHECIMENTO CUTÂNEO: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Akemy Miyashiro Rayane , Hansen Costa Dinara , Deuschle Viviane Cecilia Kessler Nunes
Published: March 2022

No envelhecimento, o organismo inicia um processo degenerativo progressivo, resultante de um declínio fisiológico das suas funções ao longo do tempo, o que acarreta em alterações na epiderme e na derme, culminando no aparecimento de rugas e linhas de expressão. Na pele, essas alterações são decorrentes da perda da capacidade dos fibroblastos da derme em produzir os componentes da matriz extracelular, como o colágeno. Com isso, o colágeno tem sido utilizado como suplemento para evitar a progressão do envelhecimento cutâneo. Entre os tipos de colágeno disponíveis no mercado, têm-se o hidrolisado e os peptídeos de colágeno. Este artigo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a suplementação de colágeno no envelhecimento cutâneo, associado ou não à vitamina C, zinco e silício. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Google acadêmico, Scince Direct, e Pub Med. Foram considerados artigos publicados no período de 2014 a 2020, nos idiomas Inglês e Português. A amostra final foi composta por cinco artigos experimentais com estudos clínicos que envolveram seres humanos, em que os investigadores designaram pessoas elegíveis para os grupos de intervenção. Participaram voluntários com idades entre 18 e 75 anos, sendo a maioria mulheres. A partir do levantamento dos estudos, conclui-se, que a suplementação de colágeno hidrolisado apresenta efetividade na redução de rugas, linhas de expressão e melhora a hidratação da pele, para os grupos estudados.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah (Low Back Pain) pada Pekerja di PT. Maruki International Indonesia Kota Makassar
Authors: Mardianah  , Suharni A. Fachrin  , Andi Multazam
Published: March 2022

Low back pain adalah suatu sindroma nyeri pada ekstremitas atas yang terjadi pada region punggung bagian bawah yang merupakan akibat dari berbagai sebab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah ( low back pain) pada pekerja di PT. Maruki International Indonesia Makassar Tahun 2020.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional study, dengan sampel 50 pekerja bagian Factory 1 dan 2 di PT. Maruki International Indonesia Makassar. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengunakan kuesioner, dan alat untuk mengukur status gizi dengan IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) untuk mengukur tinggi badan dan berat badan yaitu menggunakan timbangan dan pengukur tinggi badan. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah nilai p value yang melebihi dari α=0,05 terdapat sikap kerja yang tidak ada hubungan dengan kejadian low back pain yaitu lama kerja, sikap kerja badan,sikap kerja kaki, sikap kerja lengan bawah, sikap kerja pergelangan tangan,dan status gizi, sedangkan nilai p value yang tidak mencapai dari α=0,05 terdapat sikap kerja yang ada hubungan dengan kejadian low back pain yaitu sikap kerja badan dan sikap kerja lengan atas. Diharapkan kepada pihak  PT. Maruki International Indonesia perlu melakukan pelatihan khususnya tentang cara kerja yang benar secara ergonomis kepada seluruh pekerja bagian produksi untuk meningkatkan wawasan para pekerja untuk mengurangi resiko keluhan low back pain dalam bekerja terutama pada bagian produksi.
Estructura económica e incidencia de pobreza en las regiones de México
Authors: Padilla Morán Carlos , Bracamontes Nevárez Joaquín
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo el objetivo es analizar si la estructura económica y los cambios que esta experimenta se correlacionan e inciden en la pobreza durante el periodo 2008-2018. Para ello se estima la participación sectorial, el efecto intrasectorial (EI) y el efecto de reasignación (ER) del empleo hacia sectores de alta productividad en las cuatro regiones que conforman el país: norte, tradicional centro y sur-sureste, delimitadas por entidades federativas que se caracterizan por su cercanía geográfica e intensidad migratoria. La participación sectorial en el empleo y en el PIB sugieren que la estructura económica tiende a terciarizarse en las cuatro regiones y a nivel nacional. En el país el aumento en la productividad se atribuye principalmente al ER, igual sucede en la región norte, pero en la región tradicional cuatro quintas partes del incremento en la productividad se debe al El y el resto al ER, en la región centro ambos efectos guardan el mismo peso y, en la sur-sureste la reducción en la productividad se debe principalmente al El y en menor medida al ER; sin embargo, las actividades a las que se reubica el empleo en todas las regiones son en su mayoría actividades de servicios y no industriales. Finalmente, se encontró que la reducción de la pobreza se explica por el crecimiento económico, la participación de los sectores secundario y terciario de la economía, pero no por el efecto de reasignación lo cual denota la inexistencia de un cambio estructural en las economías regionales y nacional.
Crecimiento de la población y la degradación ambiental en México y el mundo
Authors: Aguirre Mario Gómez
Published: March 2022

Si bien es cierto, en las últimas décadas el crecimiento de la población en México y el mundo se ha reducido tal como se observa en la figura 1. En ambos casos, de tener tasas de crecimiento entre el 2 y 3% en la década de los sesenta, se pasó a tasas cercanas al 1% en el ario 2020. Sin embargo, en términos absolutos, la población sigue aumentando: en el caso de México en el año 1960 eran 37.771 millones de personas, mientras que para el año 1999 eran 97.484 millones (más que el doble de la población del año 1960) y finalmente, en el ario 2020 alcanzó los 128.932 millones de personas; lo mismo sucede con la población mundial, ya que en el año 1960 la población mundial era de 3,032 millones de personas, para el año 1999 ya se había duplicado tras alcanzar los 6,034 millones de personas, y para el año 2020, se alcanzó los 7,762 millones (Banco Mundial, 2021). Además, se espera que la población mundial siga creciendo en los próximos 30 años, alcanzando los 9,700 millones en 2050 y, posiblemente, se pueda llegar a un pico cercano a los 11,000 millones para 2100 (Naciones Unidas, 2021).
PROBLEM BASED INSTRUCTION SEBAGAI MODEL PEMBELAJARN MATAKULIAH SEMINAR
Authors: Rosmiati Ana Rosmiati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) merupakan salah model riset yang dikembangkan oleh pengajar untuk mengetahui hasil, problematika serta solusi untuk mengatasi pembelajaran di kelas. PTK dapat menjadi alat untuk mengevaluasi hasil dari sebuah pembelajaran yang dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan PTK di mahasiswa Jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual pada matakuliah Seminar. Model yang akan dikembangkan adalah model based instruction di mana mahasiswa akan diajari menyelesaikan persoalan dalam menyusun tugas akhir dengan menggunakan metode ilmiah. Masalah dalam Bagaimana model  penerapan pembelajaran  model problem based learning  melalui matakuliah seminar pada mahasiswa Progdi Desain Komunikasi Visual  di ISI Surakarta  dan apakah penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan matakuliah seminar. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah adalah menemukan model penerapan pembelajaran problem based learning melalui matakuliah Seminar pada mahasiswa Progdi Desain Komuniasi Visual di ISI Surakarta dan mengevaluasi penerapan pembelajaran problem based learning  melalui matakuliah seminar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyusun tugas akhir baik skripsi atau karya pada mahasiswa Progdi Desain Komunikasi Visual di ISI Surakarta.Penelitian ini menggunkan jenis penelitian kualitatif Penelitian dilakukan di Ruang kuliah Gedung 3  Kampus II Mojosongo.Keyword : PTK, problem based intruction, model, siklus.
The Interior Design of Public Library with Javanese Neo Vernacular Concept in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Saputri Reni Mulyo , Alimin Nurhayatu Nufut
Published: March 2022

The existence of quality and adequate reading facilities is one of the many factors that can  encourage people's  interest  in  reading.  Based  on  research  at  various  Taman Baca Masyarakat (TBM) in Yogyakarta, it proves that the existence of reading facilities has a positive impact, including increasing interest in reading, empowering the community, being independent in terms of the economy, and others. Yogyakarta as a City of Students and City of Culture has various educational facilities ranging from elementary to tertiary levels. A large number of educational facilities, in particular, has increased the need for libraries as a place to look for references and as an alternative source of knowledge other than formal schools. The study aims to produce an educational and recreational library with modern packaging that considers elements of culture, tradition and local wisdom as the embodiment of Javanese Neo Vernacular concepts. The creative process in this creation uses a functional approach, an ergonomic approach, and a theme approach. The design implementation is translated through the Javanese Neo Vernacular concept which takes ideas from traditional Javanese architecture or more specifically the Joglo house. The elements in the Joglo house that are taken include the layout, site, and building elements that are tailored to the needs of the library. Design with traditional elements is a manifestation of the educational function of the library and modern elements are a means to attract visitors. The addition of exhibition space is an effort to make the library have a recreational function
Form and Meaning of Ornamental Variety Elements in the Interior Style of Batik Kitchen Café and Restaurant in Cirebon
Authors: Rosiana Rosiana , Indarto Indarto
Published: March 2022

Batik Kitchen Café and Restaurant is a culinary-related commercial building in Cirebon. Batik Kitchen Café and Restaurant in Cirebon applies decorative elements in the form of batik to its interior style. The application of decorative elements to the interior style of Batik Kitchen Café and Restaurant is found in the elements that form and fill the space. This study aims to determine the application, decoration, and meaning of the decorations in the interior of Batik Kitchen Café and Restaurant in Cirebon. To answer the problems in the study, the interior design approach the theory of D.K. Ching, and Roland Barthes' approach to meaning. The research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. This qualitative research is directed at the real conditions of the research object. The data sources of this research are sources (informants), objects, records, literature, and the internet. The results showed: (1) The application of decorative elements in the form of batik was found in space; lobby area, dining room, and bar area, in the form of space-forming elements; floors, walls, and ceilings, as well as space fillers; tables and chairs, as well as interior accessories. (2) The decorative elements applied to the interior style of Batik Kitchen Café and Restaurant in Cirebon is Nusantara batik motifs which have various meanings. The application of decorative elements to the interior style of the Batik Kitchen Cafe and Restaurant in Cirebon which plays a role in introducing, promoting, and preserving the traditional and cultural values of Cirebon City.
EDITORIAL
Authors: BROŽIČ LILIANA
Published: March 2022

This year’s third issue of Contemporary Military Challenges is entirely published in English, which is in line with the Editorial Board’s work programme and standards for scientific and professional publications in the Republic of Slovenia as well as widely abroad.The present issue is dedicated to hybrid threats. The definition of hybrid threats and its development is explained by Jan Spišák in his article on hybrid threats and the development of NATO’s new Overarching Concept in which he explains the under-standing of hybrid threats within the Alliance and the ways of responding to them.Hybrid threats also include the so-called cyber threats, which are becoming increa-singly well though out, organised and causing more and more damage to the states, companies, infrastructure and logistics in a security and financial sense.Current cyber space trends in the WEB 2.0. age have been dealt with by Uroš Svete and Anja Kolak who put emphasis on the WikiLeaks case, highlighting the development of the second generation of World Wide Web, which can be directly modified by the users themselves, thereby threatening national security of individual states or the Alliance.The importance and organisation of cyber security in relation to critical infrastruc-ture is discussed by Denis Čaleta and Gorazd Rolih. They present the way this domain is regulated within the European Union, NATO and at the national level, as well as evoke certain deficiencies which are still to be dealt with.Information security and its importance to the public administration are presented by Maja Bolle using the example of open-source and proprietary software. She acquaints us with their history and the way of functioning as well as the advantages and disadvantages of opting for one of them. Of course, choosing either of them brings about numerous challenges, also discussed by the author.Anže Rode, Kristian Beršnak and Bojan Langerholc present the Slovenian Armed Forces Special Operations Unit and its role within a wide national and transnational security context, putting emphasis on the potential crisis operations and possible co-unter-terrorism activities.Zoltán Jobbágy and László Szegő have prepared a critical view of a generally well--accepted theory by Karl von Clausewitz. It has been tested with regard to the latestestablishments based on the cases of Iraq and Afghanistan, while the authors alsoprovided their personal reflections.Original versions of the articles by Slovenian authors, which have been initially written in Slovene and later translated into English, are available in electronic version on the web page of Contemporary Military Challenges in a special appendix at the end of the publication.This is our way of trying to reach out to a wide range of readers and potential future writers while respecting rational use of resources and quality indicators applicable to scientific and professional publications. All our readers are kindly invited to write articles for our publication!
CYBERSPACESE CURITY RELEVANCE IN THE TIME OF WEB 2.0
Authors: SVETE UROŠ , KOLAK ANJA
Published: March 2022

Regardless if the information-communication technology has been developed to follow national security interests or not, at the moment, nobody doubts this corre-lation anymore. But the discussion has become much more important in time when practically all critical social infrastructures and processes depend on digital tech-nology. In the paper, importance of the cyberspace has been analysed by security theories and with special focus on the Web 2.0 and WikiLeaks issue. The current way of such interactive communication is namely based on individuals as data and information producers, which could be in (Western) countries perceived as a greater challenge and in some cases even national security threat.
INFORMATION SECURITY AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Authors: BOLLE MAJA
Published: March 2022

In times of increasing dependence on computer systems, information security emerges as an important issue for public administrations. Many governments have made a transition to open source software; the reason being not just financial, but connected to increasing numbers of operating systems security issues. Having more control over the systems is also key. Some researchers speak in favour of proprietary software, others in favour of open source software. Data shows, however, that open source software leads over proprietary software in security mechanisms, although it is not without its limitations. This is the reason that states transitioning to open source software must take precautions in doing so.
ENOTA ZA SPECIALNO DELOVANJE SLOVENSkE VOJSkE – ODGOVOR NA SODOBNE IZZIVE
Authors: RODE ANŽE , BERŠNAK KRISTIAN , LANGERHOLC LEON
Published: March 2022

Enota za specialno delovanje (ESD) zagotavlja zmogljivosti specialnega delovanja Slovenske vojske in uresničevanje posebnih nacionalnovarnostnih ciljev Republike Slovenije. Visoka usposobljenost, sposobnost prikritega delovanja, zmožnost velike natančnosti zaradi zmanjševanja stranskih učinkov in visoka prilagodljivost glede na različne vire ogrožanja so samo nekatere značilnosti, ki poudarjajo vlogo in pomen ESD znotraj oboroženih sil. Te značilnosti omogočajo njeno uporabo za izpolnjevanje obveznosti Republike Slovenije do sistema kolektivne obrambe zveze Nato ter zagotavljanje mednarodne varnosti znotraj OZN v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah, ko drugih enot ter virov Slovenske vojske ni mogoče uporabiti. Hkrati je ESD po-tencialna zmogljivost za obrambo države in delovanje v posebnih kriznih razmerah protiterorističnega delovanja v Republiki Sloveniji. ESD je s potrditvijo svojih zmogljivosti v praksi pokazala, da so predlagani teoretični koncepti in rešitve, na katerih temelji, pravilni in uresničljivi, ESD pa vrhunsko usposobljena enota, ki predstavlja ost enot za bojno delovanje Slovenske vojske.
DISCUSSING THE NATURE OF OBJECTIVES - BASED PLANNING: A CRITIQUE
Authors: JOBBAGY ZOLTAN , SZEGO LASZLO
Published: March 2022

The process of strategy development as seen by most Western militaries is very much shaped by Clausewitz, who regarded the political aim the ultimate goal of war. Despite all his merits and contribution to the theory of war, Clausewitz’s approach to strategy development appears to be too narrow for the military engagements we saw in Iraq and still see in Afghanistan. In counter-insurgency operations both the formulation of political goals and the application of military means are influenced by so many factors that strategy development often appears as a messy and painful process of trial-and-error. The authors expand on this issue and deliver a critique to the wide spread objective-based approach to developing strategy.
COMPREHENSIVEOPERATIONALPLANNINGINNATO
Authors: GROZDE JOŽE
Published: March 2022

Modern international operations and missions are typically complex. Therefore, comprehensive and integrated use of the full spectrum of political, military and civil instruments of power is essential for the resolution of conflicts.Managing crisis situations solely through the use of military force in the post-Cold War conflicts proved rather ineffective, bringing no considerable improvement to the security situation. The military provides conditions for the normalisation of political, economic and social circumstances that significantly affect the improve-ment of security in crisis areas. NATO is introducing comprehensive operational planning which supports a comprehensive approach of international community to the resolution of complex crises. Comprehensive operational planning favours a more efficient use of military and non-military instruments of power for the realisation of the Alliance goals set by the international community. The Alliance success depends on how successful NATO will be in its endeavours to support the comprehensive approach of the international community.
COMMAND AND CONTROL PARADIGM IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE
Authors: OBRULJ VOJKO
Published: March 2022

In our social system, the armed forces are provided with certain autonomy. The entry into the armed forces depends on the fulfilment of certain demands. The military profession is maintained through closed education and training systems. This fulfills the conditions for maintaining tradition, designing organisational culture, ethics, collectivism, cohesiveness and military discipline. Military discipline in a military organisation is manifested through a Command and Control System. Military values, trust, professionalism and commander’s leadership skills are taken into consideration in this respect. Normatively and legally regulated military discipline provides the commanding structure with formal authority and liability. Appropriate military discipline is based on wilful acts and individuals’ self-discipline. Wilful military discipline of an arranged leadership and suitable command and control system will enable the armed forces in the present defence and security environment to attain the set objectives. Commanders at all levels of command and control should understand and be fully acquainted with the military organisation, individuals and respective units and commands. Regardless of the potential changes to the defence and security organisation, the transformation2 of the armed forces and their structure and scope, the presence of military discipline will always be necessary. The meaning of military discipline must be properly understood in order to be imparted and enhanced in a military organisation.
REGULATIONS OR CODE OF CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOUR FOR THE PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES
Authors: PEŠEC MOJCA
Published: March 2022

In June 2009, the Slovenian Armed Forces received a Code of Military Ethics. The document contains principles, values and demands characteristic of the military pro-fession, which provide guidelines for the behaviour and conduct of SAF members and encourage the development of personal and professional characteristics to guarantee successful performance of the military profession. One of the fundamen-tal elements enabling the fulfilment of the SAF’s mission is quality education and training (ET). The providers of education and training are committed to attaining the highest possible standards of competence as well as to respecting the values which regulate interpersonal relations of ET participants. The first requirement lies in the didactic principles and the current ET concept, while the second one includes the rules of conduct for the providers of this process. ET providers have to master or, better, internalise them and act in accordance with them. The Code of Military Ethics and Code of Conduct for Public Servants which direct the conduct and behaviour of SAF employees should therefore be followed by the preparation and adoption of specific regulations or code supported by documents on human rights and general rules on professional ethics for the domain of military education and training, which is one of the most important features of providing quality preparation of enlisted persons.
VIEWS OF SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES MEMBERS ON POSTINGS TO INTERNATIONAL DUTIES ABROAD
Authors: PODBREŽNIK BRANKO
Published: March 2022

By manning duties within NATO structure, the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) implement their integration aims, facilitate the enforcement of national interests, and acquire knowledge, skills and experiences necessary for their national needs and professional development. SAF members posted to duties within the Peacetime Structure of the Slovenian Armed Forces Abroad (PSSAFA) have to cope with various challenges concerning them personally, their life and work, as well as the life of their families, which have to deal with separation from their important members or with displacement to a completely new and unknown environment. Although the system supporting the duties abroad has been established, it should constantly be monitored and upgraded in order to become even more effective.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes before 34 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Sirivunnabood Thitiporn , Wanitpongpan Prapat , Yapan Piengbulan
Published: March 2022

Objective: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a leading cause of newborn morbidity and mortality, particularly in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 34 weeks of gestation, in which expectant management was performed until reaching 34 weeks of gestation, evidence of maternal chorioamnionitis, or unfavorable fetal conditions. The interval between membrane rupture and delivery has a positive correlation with neonatal sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of EONS in PPROM.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The medical records of pregnant women who gave birth between 2005 and 2018 and their newborns were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM between 24 and 33+6 weeks of gestation. Multifetal pregnancies, fetal malformation, stillbirths, and records with incomplete data were excluded. PPROM was diagnosed by obstetricians while EONS was diagnosed by neonatologist.Results: The incidence of EONS in with PPROM was 24%. Risk factors included excessive maternal weight gain based on IOM (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.16-4.94), extremely preterm at admission (before 28 weeks of gestation) (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.12-10.21) and very low birth weight (≤ 1,500 g) (OR 3.68, 95% CI = 1.86-7.30). Maternal hematologic laboratory results were not associated with neonatal sepsis.Conclusion: The incidence of EONS in PPROM was similar to data provided by other studies. Obstetricians and pediatricians should be cautious about neonatal sepsis, especially in cases of excessive maternal weight gain, extremely preterm admissions, and very low birth weight.
EFFECT OF TEACHING VIA MODELING ON ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING CONCERNING ELECTRICITY
Authors: Bilal Esra , Erol Mustafa
Published: March 2022

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of teaching via modeling on academic achievement and conceptual understanding concerning some selected undergraduate electricity topics. Dependent variables of the research are academic achievement and conceptual understanding. Academic success was measured by using Electricity Success Test and Electricity Classical Exam and conceptual understanding on the other hand was measured by using an Electricity Concept Test. A total number of 41 students attended the research, 21 of the students were in the modeling group and 20 of the students were in the control group. The study was carried out experimentally by means of pre test-post test research design. In conclusion it is found that teaching via modeling method meaningfully enhances the academic achievement and conceptual understanding.
Key words: achievement, conceptual understanding, electricity, modeling instruction, physics education.
Biological Efficacy of Mycoflora Isolated from Mushroom Substrate Against Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Sarker MAR , Sultana N , Akhter K
Published: March 2022

Four fungi isolates, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium sp. were isolated from mushroom substrates and identified. Biological activities these fungi were evaluated against three plant pathogens namely against Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum corchori. Among the fungal isolates, Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest antagonistic activity against all three pathogens, Penicillium sp. showed less significant antagonistic activity than Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest inhibitory effect in case of Fusarium oxysporum (71.75%) followed by Sclerotium rolfsii (61.64%) and Colletotrichum corchori (57%).
SAARC J. Agric., 19(2): 73-84 (2021)