bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDYING OF EFFICIENCY "DUO EKVALAN" AT HELMINTHOSES OF HORSES
Authors: Kalugina  , Stolbova
Published: August 2019

Currently, the problem of helminth infections in horse breeding is relevant in the Tyumen region, and because of the increase in the number of horses, the helminthofauna is increasing too. Helminths of different types make negative mechanical impact on an organism, emit toxins making a pathogenic impact on respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous systems; also, allergic reactions, skin rashes are possible. There is loss of working capacity and reproductive ability, development of various chronic diseases and even death of horses. For the purpose of protection of animals studying of efficiency of the medicine "Ekvalan Duo®" at the mixed invasion at horses is carried out. For the experiment, we selected animals in the amount of 19 heads infested with strongilidosis, alforthiosis, delphinosis. Medicine was applied by an experimental animal orally, on a language root. As a result of our studies, we found that in horses infected with Strongilids, Delfondia, Alfortia there is a significant decrease in the number of eggs and larvae of helminths at the end of the experiment. It is proved that the therapeutic efficiency of the combined anthelminthic medicine "Ekvalan Duo®" in a dose of 0.013 g/kg against nematodes, cestode, ascarids at horses is 98.06%. It should be noted that "Ekvalan Duo®" in a therapeutic dose is well tolerated by horses and has no side effects on the organism of animals.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRUG DEQUICOX WITH EIMERIOSIS OF CHICKENS-BROILERS
Authors: Kashkovskaya  , Orobets  , Balyshev
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of determination of the effectiveness of drug dequicox with eimeriosis of broiler chickens. Experimental studies were conducted from June to September 2018 in poultry enterprises of the Nizhniy Novgorod and Moscow regions on healthy day-old broiler chickens. The results showed that the anticoccidian drug Dequicox when using to broilers at a dose of 20 mg per 1 kg of compound feed according to DV (333 mg of the drug per 1 kg of feed, which corresponds to 2 mg of DV per 1 kg of body weight) for 30 days largely inhibits the reproduction of Eimeria in the intestine, which contributes to the normal growth, development and productivity of poultry.Despite significant progress in the poultry industry and veterinary medicine, not a single farm, regardless of the size or type of ownership, can do without the use of anti-drugs. The features of biology and reproduction of the causative agents of eimeriosis allow them to quickly adapt to changing habitat conditions and contribute to widespread distribution. It is known that eimeria quite rapidly form resistance to anticoccidian drugs and pass it on. Such unique adaptive mechanisms provoke outbreaks of this invasion, which are often noted in broiler chickens and young stock.The prevailing conditions dictate the need to improve treatment and preventive measures through the development of new highly effective anticoccidian drugs.
SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS INFECTION FROM CALVES
Authors: Klimova  , Mkrtchyan  , Babintseva
Published: August 2019

The analysis of degree of contamination of cattle of a protozooses on farms of the Udmurt Republic revealed a tendency to increase an invasion of animals the Cryptosporidium parvum pathogen. The presence of pathogen associations makes it difficult to detect a specific representative of the variety of parasitic diseases. The material functioned as samples of feces from calves, which investigated the generally accepted scatological flotation methods and by staining smears of feces with carbolic fuchsins according to Zil-Nielsen and then studying the preparations using an immersion microscope system.We have found that cryptosporidiosis in calves aged from 3 to 90 days is recorded throughout the year, indicating a constant circulation of the pathogen among susceptible animals within the livestock premises. Results of researches showed that the winter-spring period is the most favorable for the development of Criptosporidium parvum in livestock complexes Udmurt Republic. The peak of invasion (77.78%) in March is primarily due to mass calving, a decrease in the natural resistance of animals, as well as climatic features of our region. The obtained results must be considered in the development and implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures to combat cryptosporidiosis of calves.
INFLUENCE OF THE NEW PREPARATION "PRAZINAL F" ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF COWS OF BLACK-AND-MOTLEY BREED WITH PARAMPHISTOMATOSIS
Authors: Laipanov  , Begiev  , Bittirov  , Begieva
Published: August 2019

The article gives an assessment of the effect of the new complex anthelmintic preparation "Prazinal F" on milk productivity and on the biochemical composition of milk of cows of black and white breeds with paramphistomatosis. Determination of the optimal dose after milking the cows of the black and white breed of the new preparation "Prazinal F" with paramphistomatosis showed that during the second, third, fourth and fifth months of lactation for milk production, the dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight has the most beneficial effect. During the second, third and subsequent months of lactation after prescribing "Prazinal F" in a dose of 25 mg / kg body weight, the milk productivity of the cows of the experimental groups and, especially, of the third group is increased. The cows of the 3rd group in terms of gross milk yield exceeded the cows of the control group infected with paramphistomatosis by 36,0%. In comparison with the control infected group, the difference for the third month of lactation, respectively, was 2.9-3.7-4.5 kg in favor of the experimental groups, 3.0-3.5-4.4 kg for the fourth month and the fifth month – 2,6-3,8-4,6 kg. The use of "Prazinal F" in the paramphistomatosis of cows of black and motley breed at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight, once allowed to increase the content of iodine, cobalt, magnesium and iron in milk by 31.7-45.6%. The appointment of the drug "Prazinal F" in the paramphistomatosis of cows of black and motley breed at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight, once allowed to increase the production of cow's milk, significantly enriching it with nutrient microelements.
FOOD HABITS OF NORTHERN DEER, CONDUCING THEIR INVASIATION BY HELMINTHS
Authors: Loginova  , Belova
Published: August 2019

Reindeer, in contrary to the notion of him as a ruminant animal, moreover, is able to develop strategies against ectoparasites and has a specific eating habits, increasing its chances of helminths invasion. Thus, there are reports of the reindeer eating snow soaked in human urine, brackish soil, horns of both reindeer and elks, chicks, bird eggs and excrement, as well as lemmings. Using the method of a passive experiment (observation), reindeer have been investigated in a recreational farm in the Leningrad Region (60°8′32′′N, 30°19′35′′E60.142207, 30.326466) starting from February 2018. The animals of the parent flock were brought there from the Murmansk region, and in May-June 2018 females calved. Animals are kept in a fenced area in conditions close to natural. During the growing season, they eat grass (with the addition of concentrates), in the winter they are fed with lichen. Fresh water is always available in drinkers. Photo registration of animals was carried out using a 5D Mark II (Canon) SLR camera and Xperia XA2 smartphone (SONY) camera. In addition to typical ruminant eating behavior (grazing, rumination), synchronized drinking and urination/defecation were recorded. This illustrates the route of invasion of reindeer with elafostrongylosis (previously diagnosed in these animals) – namely, through the absorption of freshwater mollusks, which, along with land gastropods, are intermediate hosts of Elaphostrongulys rangiferi. Thus, it was discovered that reindeer not only tend to avoid water consumption from reservoirs polluted with feces and urine in the presence of an alternative, but also intentionally prefer this method to compensate for the loss of minerals.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS IN THE SYSTEM «CHAETOGASTER LIMNAEI BAER, 1887 (OLYGOCHAETA) – THE MOLLUSK OF THE LYMNAEA GENUS (GASTROPODA)» IN THE WATER RESERVOIRS OF KEMEROVO
Authors: Manikovskaya
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the research: the study of the role of Chaetogaster limnaei (Oligochaetes) in the “parasite-host” system on the example of its relationship with some mollusks of the genus Lymnaea in the aquatic biotopes in the city of Kemerovo.Materials and methods. 214 specimens of L.(Radix) auricularia and 129 specimens of L.(Lymnaea) stagnalis have been studied. The contagion of mollusks was studied using the compressor method on live temporary preparations. Species diagnostics of mollusks was carried out on the shells on the works of S.I. Andreev. Contagion of mollusks was studied by the compressor method for live temporary preparations. The definition of oligochaetes was performed using the works of V.P. Semerny and M.V. Chertoprud. Determination of trematodes in cercariae – according to the works of E.N. Frolova.Research results. The studies have shown that mollusks are infected with Chaetogaster limnaei and trematode larvae of families Strigeidae, Diplostomatidae, Plagiorchidae, Echinostomatidae. In case of joint parasitism with Ch. limnaei in R. auricularia, the intensity of invasion by trematode larvae was insignificant, and in the absence of the hetogaster, superinvasion of metacercaria strigeida and lancet cercariae plagiarchids was observed. Thus, the oligochaete Ch. limnaei, settling in R. auricularia, significantly reduces the infection of this mollusk with the other types of parasites.
THE SPREAD OF SHEEP GADFLY (Oestrus Ovis L.) AND HIS SHEEP INFECTED LARVAE IN THE ALTAI REPUBLIC
Authors: Marchenko
Published: August 2019

A retrospective analysis of the distribution and infection of sheep by gadfly larvae (Oestrus ovis L.) was carried out in 34 farms of the Altai Republic for a population of more than 3.6 thousand animals. The sheep of all the households surveyed were infected with gadfly larvae. Extensivity of the invasion (EI) of sheep in the farms of the Altai Republic ranged from 16.6 to 100%. The intensity of the invasion (II) an average of one infected animal was ranging from 6.9 to 31.8 larvae, the abundance index (AI) from 1.2 to 29.4. The extensiveness of invasion (EI) in the farms of the Altai Republic ranged from 16.6 to 100%. The intensity of invasion (II) on average per infected animal ranged from 6.9 to 31.8 larvae, the abundance index (AI) from 1.2 to 29.4. The sheep of the Ust-Koksinsky district (EI – 87.8%, AI – 16.3) located in the Central Altai, to a lesser extent – Ust-Kansky (EI – 56.4%, AI – 8.4) belonging to the Central Altai, were found to be the most infected. Also low infection of sheep in Shebalinsky (EI – 69.2%, AI – 7.5) and Kosh-Agachsky (EI – 60.6%, AI –- 8.4) areas (Northern and Southeast Altai). In general, the infection of sheep in different areas of the Altai Republic does not differ substantially and is at a relatively low level (EI – 66.7%, II – 13.5 larvae, AI – 9.0). Maximum infection rates in all regions between 1981–1985 was EI 65.5–94.0%, AI 10.2–18.5. Subsequently, they steadily decreased and stabilized at a lower level since 2001 (EI 57.9 – 72.7%, AI 5.8 – 13.9), which is primarily due to the change of generations of drugs used in the treatment of sheep with estrosis.
TESTING OF A NEW COMPLEX COMPOSITION CIPROKLOZAL OF ASSOCIATIVE ECHINOSTOMATIDO-CRYPTOSPORIDIOSISINVASION IN YOUNG GROWTH DOMESTIC DUCKS
Authors: Mizova  , Bittirov  , Pashayev  , Bittirov
Published: August 2019

n this work, new data were obtained in the testing of a new composition Ciproklozal with an associative of echinostomatous-cryptosporidiosis invasion of young ducks. Experiments to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the new complex composition Ciproklozal with a mixed echinostomatous-cryptosporidiosis invasion of young ducks were carried out on of the group method. In the farm “Chegem”, on the basis of copro- and larvoscopy, young ducks infected with mycistinvasia and echoentomatisosis and cryptosporidiosis were selected and 3 groups of 20 heads in each were formed of them. Therapeutically effective dose of Ciproklozal of with a mixed of echinostomatous cryptosporidiosis invasion of young ducks is 0.20 g/kg of body weight, which has 100% extensive efficiency and intensive efficiency (EE and IE) in a single group administration. The eggs of ekhinostomidas and oocysts of cryptosporidium on day 7 after the group giving of the new composition Tsiproklozal were not found in the litter of the ducklings. In the experiments, the new complex composition Ciproklozal in a dose of 0.20 g/kg body weight, once mixed with compound feed, is environmentally safe, has no side effects and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of echinostomatidoses and cryptosporidiosis invasion in young of ducks.
FORMATION OF BIODIVERSITY OF PARASITE FAUNA IN CONDITIONS OF FOOTHILLS ECOSYSTEM OF RAZDAN-MARMARIK REGION OF ARMENIA
Authors: Movsesyan  , Petrosyan  , Nykogosyan  , Arutyunova  , Vardanyan  , Dudukchyn  , Barseghyan
Published: August 2019

The fauna of parasites of domestic animals (cows, sheep, rabbits, hens), ixodes ticks, as well as paths of circulation of some biohelminths in conditions of foothills ecosystem of Razdan-Marmarik region of Armenia have been studied. It's been found that fauna of animal parasites in the region consists of 33 species, including 17 species of helminths: 2 trematodes (Dicrocoelim lanceatum, Fasciola hepatica); 4 cestodes (Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni, Echinococcus granulosus larvae, Cysticercus taenicollis); 11 nematodes (Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus spathiger, Trichocephalus ovis, Dictyocaulus filaria, Cystocaulus nigrescens, Muellerius capillaries, Protostrongylus sp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Passalurus ambigus); 3 species of blood parasites (Piroplasma bigeminum, P. ovis and Theileria ovis); 8 species of Protistae (Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. irresidua, E. media, E. magna, E. perforans and E. exigua) and 4 species of ticks (Hyalomma sp., Rhipicephalus bursa, Boophilus calcaratus, Dermacentor marginatum). Fauna of land mollusks is able to be intermediate hosts of Dicrocoelim and Protostrongylushelminths includes the single species Napaeopsis hohenackeri while freshwater mollusks include Lymmnaea truncatula and Planorbis planorbis, with L. truncatulaable to be an intermediate host of trematode Fasciola hepatica
ETHOLOGY OF THE TREMATODE CERCARIAE SCHISTOSOMA TURKESTANICA SKRJABIN, 1913, WHEN EMITTED FROM NATURALLY INVASIVE LYMNAEA AURICULARIAL MOLLUSKS, 1758
Authors: Moskvin
Published: August 2019

The characteristics of ethnological characteristics of cercaria trematodes Schistosoma turkestanica Skrjabin, 1913 are detailed with emission from naturally invasive intermediate hosts, Lymnaea auricularia mollusks L., 1758.The modern correct species name of the dioecious trematodes of the Schistosomatidae family, the parasitic circulatory system of cattle in the Central Asian region, should be considered Schistosoma turkestanica Skrjabin, 1913.Spontaneous emission of furcocercarium Sch. turkestanica from invasive L. auricularia, can occur in various parts of the mollusk's body surface. The process of the release of the larva into the environment proceeds according to the original algorithm, accompanied by its morpho- functional adaptations, taking 15–17 seconds. The active initial transient phase of piercing “from inside-out” in the first 2–3 seconds is ensured by the body of the larva, which is drawn in length, taking the shape of a needle. Then, the tail of the cercaria is released from the puncture site. Tissue damage in the area of release of the larvae was not visually marked.Fourcocarii Sch. turkestanica have positive photo– and negative geotaxis, which modulate continuous two-phase, mainly vertical mobility, ensuring their long-term stay in the plankton state in the surface layers of water. Features of cervary ethology increase the likelihood of targeted active contact and the effectiveness of the attack of definitive hosts of the trematodes.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF IXODIC TICKS IN THE FLAT, FOOTHILL AND MOUNTAIN ZONES OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Musaev  , Abdulmagomedov  , Begieva  , Bittirov
Published: August 2019

New of data were obtained while studying the fauna of ixodide of Dagestan and the epidemiological significance of ixodid ticks in the plains, foothill and mountain zones of the Republic of Dagestan. The study of the species composition of ixodide mites in Dagestan was carried out in 2016–2018 on the pastures of the region. They of found of 27 types of ticks – ixodide. 2620 specimens of adult ticks were examined for infection by blood parasites. Determination of the species composition of ticks – ixodides carried out by the entomological Atlas. The fauna of Ixodids in Dagestan has about 40 species that live in the plains, foothills and mountain areas of the region. In the enzootic plague zone of Dagestan, natural infection with the plague microbe (0.4–1.6%) was found in the following species: Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus schulzei, Ixodes laguri, Hyalomma asiaticum, Haemophysalis numidiana. Of the representatives of argasso mites, the causative agent of plague Yersinia pestis is isolated from Argas persicus and Ornithodoros tartacovskii. Natural foci of tularemia in the territory of Dagestan are arranged in a mosaic pattern. In the preservation and transmission of tularemia (Fr. tularensis) take Ixodes ticks I. lagurs, Rh. schulzei, D. marginatus, Rh. rossicu. Carriers of the CCHF virus are Ixodes mites Hyalomma marginatum, H. anatolicum, H. detritum, H. asiaticum. In order to improve surveillance using the method of dynamic entomological monitoring, it is necessary to bring the species identification of ticks to 70%, which will allows to make fully trace of relationship between the parasite and the host and to conduct a full assessment of the role of ixodides in the epidemiology and epidemiology of zoonoses.
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES AND THERAPEUTIC MEASURES FOR ASCARIASIS OF PIGS IN THE FARM OF FERZIKOVSKIY DISTRICT OF THE KALUGA REGION
Authors: Nikanorova  , Kalmykova
Published: August 2019

Today, various helminth infections, including nematode diseases, remain an urgent problem in many livestock farms in the regions of the Russian Federation. Pigs’ ascariasis is chronic helminth disease caused by a nematode species of Ascaris suum Ascarididae family, young and sexually mature forms of which parasitize in the small intestine of pigs, and the larvae infect the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, causing pathological changes of an allergic nature, bronchopneumonia, pleurisy, respiratory failure. Nematodes affect all types of animals, reduce the body’s natural resistance and productivity. Economic efficiency is significantly reduced due to rejection, costs of veterinary medical measures, sometimes mortality. Pigs’ ascariasis is often found even in farms that are prosperous under zoohygienic and sanitary conditions. Farms of the Kaluga region are doing a lot of preventive work, but often without taking into account the specific helminth situation in the individual farm. Helminthiasis often occurs in a dumb (latent) form and is not registered, while the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic measures decreases. The article describes in detail the case of pigs’ ascariasis in the farm of Ferzikovskiy district of Kaluga region. Diagnostic comprehensive studies have been described for all age groups of animals in the household, including suckling pigs, weaned piglets, young stock, boars; sows, fattening animals. Analyzed medical measures are taken, conclusions regarding the elimination and prevention of the disease in a particular farm are made.
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS OF HELMINTH INFECTIONS IN GRAZING RUMINANT ANIMALS ON LOWLY, FILLING PASTURES
Authors: Nikonorova  , Kryuchkova
Published: August 2019

Studies were carried out on cattle gobies in one of the farms of the Ivanovo region from May to October. We selected two groups of agelmint animals of 15 heads 11.5–12 months of age. Both groups of animals were grazed on lowland (flood) pastures. The first (control) group of gobies did not receive anthelmintics during the pasture season. Animals of the second (experimental) group were dewormed three times with fenbendazole at a dose of 20 mg / kg in the DV, individually, twice. In the gobies of the control group, for the first time, helminth eggs in the faeces were found in July. During this period, eggs were found to be strangulated, trichocephalic, and moniesia. In August and September, the infection of animals with helminths gradually increased. In October, all the livestock of calves was invaded by nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. In the animals of the experimental group, by the end of July, moderate invasion by strongylats, trichocephalus and moniesia was registered, so they were subjected to double deworming with fenbendazole. In August, they were free from helminths, and in September, fasciola eggs, nematodes from the strongylata and trichocephalata and moniesia suborders were found in their feces. In September, the animals again dewormed with fenbendazole twice. In October, only trichocephalus eggs were found in the calves' feces. In calves that underwent chemoprophylaxis during the pasture season, average daily gains increased by 53.9 g. (9.47%). In order to reduce losses from helminth infections, young cattle should be dewormed three times while grazing them on lowland, flowing pastures. The first time – in July, the second time – in late August, the third – in September.
PIKE’S (ESOX LUCIUS) PARASITOPHAUNA OF THE RIVER VYATKA
Authors: Ovchinnikov  , Maslennikova
Published: August 2019

This study aims to study the pike (Esox lucius) parasitic fauna in the Vyatka River of the Kirov region. Studies were conducted at two sites in the middle of the river Vyatka in 2016–2018 The distance between them is 300 km. A total of 26 individuals were investigated. Caught specimens of fish were examined for the presence of parasites in accordance with generally accepted methods. Over the entire period of studying the pike parasite fauna in the Vyatka River, 24 different parasite species were recorded by various researchers. As a result of our research, 9 species of parasites were recorded, trematodes – 1 species – Azygia lucii, cestodes – 1 species - Triaenophorus nodulosus, nematodes – 2 species – Сamallanus lacustris, Raphidascaris acus, proboscis worm – 3 species – Acanthocephalus anguillae, Acanthocephalus lucii, Neoechinorhynchus rutili, crustaceans 1 species – Ergasilus sieboldi and glochidia 1 species – Anodonta cygnea. The total infection of pike with all kinds of parasites was 100%, with intestinal species – 66.6%. The high extensiveness of invasion is marked by crustaceans Ergasilus sieboldi – 73.1%. The study provides a comparative analysis of the parasite fauna of the common pike in the Vyatka River over 80 years. There is a tendency to reduce the species diversity of pike parasites from 24 species to 9, the disappearance of some species and the acquisition of new ones – proboscis worm Acanthocephalus anguillae with extensiveness of invasion – 15.4%, intensity of invasion – 5.3 specimen, abundance index – 0.81 specimen. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a significant decrease in the species diversity of pike parasites, which is probably due to the influence of the anthropogenic factor.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDE ACTION OF COMPLEX DRUGS INSPECTOR QUADRO C AND INSPECTOR QUADRO K AT APHANIPTEROSIS IN CATS AND DOGS
Authors: Artemov  , Belykh  , Arisova
Published: August 2019

Aphanipterosis is a parasitic disease which is caused by fleas Siphonaptera parasitizing on an animal body. In 97 per cent of the cases the fleas Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis parasite on dogs and cats.The therapeutic efficacy of complex drugs «INSPECTOR QUADRO С» and «INSPECTOR QUADRO К» at aphanipterosis in dogs and cats was examined. The drugs were tested in veterinary clinics in Moscow and Volgograd. The drugs are in the form of topical solutions and contain fipronil, pyriproxyfen, praziquantel and moxidectin as active ingredients.The efficacy of drugs was studied on spontaneously infested dogs and cats. Before the experiment skin and hair of animals were examined and a quantity of ectoparasites (example/animal units) was defined. Dogs and cats were divided by the principle of couples analogs into two groups taking into account age, weight and the physiological status of an animal: experimental and control. The animals were treated once according to instructions for use. Monitoring of drug efficacy was carried out in 24 hours, 14 and 30 days after treatment. During researches animals were observed: the general condition, behavior, receiving of food and water, appearance of allergic reactions were noted, skin and hair were examined.Upon examination of dogs and cats infested by fleas, no fleas were found on skin and hair in 14 days after treatment. No living insects were found at further observation of experimental animals within 30 days. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy of complex drugs «INSPECTOR QUADRO С» and «INSPECTOR QUADRO К» at aphanipterosis in dogs and cats was 100%. No adverse effects and complications in animals were found.
DICROCELIOSIS OF CATTLE AND FASCIOLOSIS OF SHEEP IN TYPICAL REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA
Authors: Pasechnik
Published: August 2019

Dicroceliosis is a helminthic and zoonotic disease affecting many species of mammals, domestic, wild ruminants and humans. The causative agent of the disease is Dicrocoelium lanceatum - lanceolate fluke. Fascioliasis is a common disease of domestic, wild animals and humans. Two species of trematodes are the causative agents of ruminants in Russia: Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Dicroceliosis and fascioliasis are widespread in many countries around the world. These diseases cause huge losses to the Russian economy and are socially significant diseases. In the regional aspect, these diseases are insufficiently studied, which became the goal of our work.Objective. To study the infection with dicroceliums and fasciolae of cattle and sheep in the characteristic regions of the European part of Russia: Oryol, Volgograd and Rostov. Post-mortem veterinary and sanitary inspection for the detection of dicrocelium and fasciolae in the liver of cattle and sheep was carried out in accordance with the “Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products” of 06/17/1988. Investigations were carried out in 2016–2017 at slaughter points of the Moscow Region. As a result of liver research from: 250 slaughter cattle from the Oryol region, 400 slaughter sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region, 300 slaughter sheep from the Martynovskiy district of the Rostov region, it was found that cattle are infected with D. lanceatum, and sheep with F. hepatica. Cattle in the Oryol region were infected with D. lanceatum with extensive invasion (EI) = 9.2%, with an intensity of invasion (AI) = 6–293 specimens/cattle. And sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region were infected with F. hepatica with EI = 1.75%, with AI = 3–27 specimens/sheep. The slaughter sheep from the Martynovskiy district of the Rostov region were infected with F. hepatica with EI = 5.3%, with AI = 9–51 specimens/sheep. Research results showed that farmers and managers of livestock farms in Oryol, Volgograd and Rostov regions need to conduct more thorough prevention and take measures against cattle dicroceliosis in Oryol and in Volgograd and Rostov regions against sheep fascioliasis.
THE ROLE OF MOSQUITOES IN THE OCCURRENCE OF ANTHROPOZOONOSIS
Authors: Pilip  , Byakova
Published: August 2019

Climate change leads to a change in the distribution of insects, including blood-sucking. Mosquitoes are vectors for the transmission of dangerous anthropozoonotic diseases. Every year in the Kirov region up to 1100 diseases of natural focal infec-tions are registered. The temperate continental climate, abundant rainfall (500-680 mm per year) with a predominance of up to 70% in warm weather, the presence of forests and water bodies, swamped territory (40%) are favorable factors for the de-velopment of mosquitoes. On the territory of the region 25 species of mosquitoes of 5 genus are registered. The information on the fauna of mosquitoes on the territory of the Kirov region, the meteorological situation, and the epizoological situation on anthropozoonotic diseases, including dirofilariasis, were analyzed. Since 1942, the region has been unfavorable for tularemia with the last outbreak in 2012 near the floodplain of the Vyatka River. Since 2008, cases of human dirofilariasis with local-ization of the pathogen in the organs of vision have been recorded annually in the Kirov region. May – September is the most favorable for human infection, subject to the presence of a sick animal and a significant number of blood-sucking insects. Since 2013, cases of dirofilariasis of domestic and working dogs have been reported in the Kirov region, which indicates the presence of a local focus of dirofilariasis, in which mosquitoes are carriers of human and dog diseases. In dogs, the subcutane-ous (pathogen Dirofilaria repens) or cardiac (pathogen Dirofilaria immitis) forms of anthropozoonosis are recorded. The cardiac form of the disease is the most atypical. The diagnosis of dirofilariasis is made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical picture, laboratory tests for the detection of microfilariae in the blood.
ABOUT THE EPISOOTIC SITUATION ON HELMINTHOSES OF THE CATTLE WITH DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS
Authors: Potskhveria  , Avaliani
Published: August 2019

The epizootic situation of cattle helminthiasis in Georgia has been studied with regard to housing systems. At present, in Georgia, in conditions of grazing of cattle, the epizootic situation on helminthiasis is caused by five diseases that are laboratory diagnosed by the methods of helminthoscope. These are paramphystomy, fascioliasis, dicroceliosis, intestinal strongyloses and dictiocaulosis, the causative agents of which were infested 2019 heads of 2990 examined. The extensiveness of invasion in the Republic was 67.5%, in Eastern Georgia – 55.8%, in Western Georgia – 79.9%.It also turned out that paramphystomas and fascioliasis are widespread in Georgia. The extensis invasion with paraphystomas was 59.7%, with fasciols 21.5%. In Eastern Georgia, these figures were equal, respectively, to 45.4 and 15.9%, in Western Georgia – 74.9 and 27.3%. The most unfavorable epizootic situation in paramphystomas and fascioliasis was established in the coastal zone of the Black Sea (Western Georgia), where 86.9 and 35.3% of the cattle were respectively infested by their pathogens.As for the invasion of livestock in the vertical zoning, in the lowland zone (up to 200 meters above sea level), the EI by paramphystomids amounted to 78.4%, by fasciols – 28.2%, in the foothill zone (from 201 to 700 m) – respectively , 2 and 22.7%, in the mountain (from 701 to 1900 m) – 50.7 and 18.5%, and in the subalpine (from 1901 to 2300 m) – 23.9 and 8.1%. Paramphistomiasis was found in the high-mountainous villages of Bochorna (2350 m above sea level) and Jute (2200 m), and in the village of Ushguli (2250 m) the cattle were invaded by paramphystomids, fasciols, intestinal strangilites and dictyocaulus.
INTEGRATED POTATO PROTECTION SYSTEM FROM GOLDEN POTATO CYST NEMATODES
Authors: Babich  , Babich
Published: August 2019

An integrated system for protecting potatoes from a golden potato cyst nematode has been developed, adapted for use in agricultural farms of various forms of ownership and includes a number of protective measures: the imposition of quarantine, a differentiated choice of unaffected crops (in collective and farm enterprises: lupine, winter wheat, sugar beet, Vico – oats , corn, barley with clover seed, clover, winter wheat, fodder beet; peas, winter wheat, corn. in individual farms: strawberries, green cultures, table beets, resistant varieties of potatoes, carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, peas, onions, garlic, cabbage. To reduce the level of invasion by the larvae of the initial phases of growth and development of plants to a golden potato cyst nematode, the treatment of tubers with a Kruiser 350 FS bp is recommended. – 0.3 l / t, as well as preparations based on metabolites of soil streptomycetes (Averkom, Averstim), as well as planting tubers in an early-optimal time in order to obtain seedlings of potatoes before the mass release of larvae from cysts. Local selective harvesting of susceptible varieties in the budding-flowering phase of potatoes and destruction of sprouts of unwanted vegetation by manual and mechanical means of tillage are aimed at interrupting the cycle of development of a golden potato cyst nematode and reducing the level of soil population. compliance with environmentally safe and affordable protective measures ensures effective control of the golden potato cyst nematode and the prevention of significant losses of potato yield. The developed protective measures do not require significant investments and are acceptable for implementation in farms of various forms of ownership.
MONITORING OF IXODIC TICKSIN THE CENTRAL REGION OF ARMENIA
Authors: Rukhkyan  , Oganesyan
Published: August 2019

Throughout 2015–2017 the peculiarities of activity, the timing of parasitization, the dynamics of numbers, as well as the life cycles of various background species of ticks were studied in various biotopes, in the Kotayk marz (region), in the central region of Armenia at altitudes of 1500 - 2000 a.s.l. It is noted that under conditions of intensive urbanization of the territory, in the absence of organized pastures, the species composition of ixodic ticks, parasitizing on farm animals, undergoes significant changes. With a relatively low intensity of infection of livestock, the species composition of ixodic ticks increased due to species, which are characterized by mountain-steppe and high-mountain habitats. This is explained by the fact that in order to find the best forage base, the cattle in the summer season is driven away to adjacent pastures, where the animal re-infection with ticks occurs.It is noted that the types of ticks that were not previously recorded in this area were found on livestock mainly in the offseason, during their overexposure in the stall mode. From year to year, synanthropization of these species is observed. The data obtained can be used when planning anti-tick measures in the region.
ACANTHOCEPHALUS AND NEMATODES OF FISH IN WATER BODIES OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER MIDSTREAMS
Authors: Safarova  , Abduganiev  , Akramova  , Soatov  , Akramov
Published: August 2019

The features of the nematode and acanthocephalus fauna of Cypriniformes and Siluriformes fish, their distribution in the water bodies of the Syrdarya River midstream were studied. In total, 18 helminth species belonging to the classes Nematoda – (14 species) and Acantocephala – (4) are registered in the region. 7 species we marked for the first time for the region of under consideration.Studies were conducted of different types of water bodies of the Syrdarya river in 2016–2019 years. The collection and study of helminths of fish were carried out by known methods in helminthology and ichthyoparasitology. 1239 copies of Cypriniformes fish belonging to 15 species (Cyprinidae – 12 species, Cobitidae – 3) and 12 specimens of Siluriformes fishes from the families (Siluridae and Clariidae) were researched.According to preliminary data, 18 species of helminths belonging to the class Nematoda (14 species) and to the class Acantocephala (4 species) were found in the studied fish orders in the reservoirs of the region. Significant species diversity is characterized by the class Nematoda. We have registered 14 species belonging to 4 orders. The detachment Trichocephalida Skrjabin et Schulz, 1928 is represented by one species – Capillaria tomentosa Dujardin, 1843, which is noted in most Cypriniformes in the natural and artificial reservoirs of the northeast of Uzbekistan. The greatest species diversity is distinguished by the detachment Spirurida Chitwood, 1933. We noted 8 species. The remaining units are represented by 1–2 species – banal fish parasites. The findings of Dioctophyme renale Goeze, 1782 (larvae) in Cypriniformes in the studied region should be noted.The Acanthocephala class is represented by 4 species: Neoechinorhynchus rutileMüller, 1780, Pomphorhynchus laevis Müller, 1776, Acanthocephalus lucii Müller, 1776 and A. anguillae Müller, 1780. Nematodes are dominant. The results suggest that the most optimal conditions for the functioning of the corresponding helminth communities probably exist in the water bodies of the Syrdarya’s midstream. The abundance of a number of invertebrate groups, the inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems, which are intermediate hosts of parasites, the accumulation of waterbirds and mammals contribute to the irreversible circulation of helminths in aquatic cenoses of the study area. All this requires systematic monitoring of fish helminthiasis in order to develop preventive measures.
TREATMENT OF INTERNAL PARASITOSIS OF CATTLE WITH A NEW DOSAGE FORM OF EPRINOMECTIN TOPICAL FORM
Authors: Safiullin  , Safiullin  , Shibitov  , Semenychev  , Zhurov
Published: August 2019

A study of the therapeutic efficacy of a new dosage form of eprinomectin – Elivec in case of strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract of young cattle was conducted on spontaneously infected animals in the Moscow region. Elivec was administered at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal body weight, once. The main drug was Ganamectin at the recommended dose subcutaneously once. According to the results of scatoscopious studies, after 10 and 30 days all treated animals were free from invasion. In the production test, the effectiveness of Elivec in relation to the strangulation of the gastrointestinal tract of heifers was: EE – 96.7%, IE – 98.86% and Ganamectin EE – 95%, IE – 98.04%. In the course of research, to differentiate invasive larvae of strongylatosis to the genus, 20 samples of feces from young stock were taken, cultivated in a thermostat at 26°C for 10 days. Strongylatosis larvae differed from each other in the number and shape of intestinal cells, as well as in the size of the larvae and their tail end. Invasive larvae of gastrointestinal strongylatosis belonging to the genus Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia and Bunostomum were found in the studied samples.
PARASITOSIS OF YOUNG CATTLE IN FARMS OF THE CENTRAL AND URAL REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Safiullin  , Shibitov
Published: August 2019

Distribution of the main intestinal parasitic protozoa of young cattle: ameri (Eimeria spp.), Cryptosporidium (Criptosporidium parvum), buxtonell (Buxtonella sulcata) was studied in 2016–2018 in cattle farms of the Central and Ural regions of Russia. With the interrogative methods of Fülleborn and Darling and successive washes in different seasons of the year, we examined 20 animals of different age groups. Studies conducted in different regions of Russia showed that calves up to 6 months of age were infected with Eimeria from 20 to 45%, AI – 720 specimens, in young animals up to 1 year of age, EI of the eymeria invasion ranged from 40–52%, AI – 1305 specimens, buxtonella EI from 26 to 32% in young animals up to 2 years of age, EI of Eimeria invasion ranged from 30 to 36%, AI – 916 specimens, buxtonella EI – 28–40%. In heifers and cows, the EI of the Eimeric invasion ranged from 16.3 to 23.2%, the AI was 680 specimens, and the buxtonella EI ranged from 25.6 to 37.2%. The results of the research showed that three species of Eimeria parasitize the farms of the Moscow Region in young cattle: Eimeria ellipsoidalis (55%), E. bovis(30%), E. zuernii (15%), and mixed invasion, which was represented by a different combination of them. The most contaminated parasitic simplest invasive elements of the environment in premises for keeping animals are the floor and walls of cells, machine tools.
THE ACTIVITY OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES IN DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES OF THE HOUSE FLY MUSCA DOMESTICA L.
Authors: Silivanova  , Levchenko
Published: August 2019

The problem of insect resistance to insecticides attracts great attention in the world. It is known that metabolic resistance in insects is provided by the activity of detoxi-fication enzymes, including hydrolases. Enzyme activities do not remain the same during the life cycle of insects. The purpose of this study was to assess the activity of acetylcholinesterase, alkaline and acid phosphatases in the house fly Musca domes-tica L. at the different lifestages. Enzyme activities were determined in homogenates obtained from eggs, larvae of II – III instar, pupae, and adults (1, 5, and 10 days old) of the M. domestica laboratory strain. According to the obtained results, the acid phosphatase activity did not differ in different life stages of M. domestica, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase varied in ontogenesis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was minimal in the eggs, increased in the larvae, and decreased again at the pupal stage. The activity of acetylcholinesterase was minimal in the eggs as well and increased with the M. domestica development up to the pupal stage. The acetylcholinesterase activity in one-day-old adults was similar to that in pupal stage.The revealed features of the activity of hydrolytic detoxification enzymes at different life cycle stages of the M. domestica might determine the characteristics of metabolic resistance to insecticides, which, in our opinion, should be taken into account when one studies of insecticide resistance in house flies.
EVALUATION OF ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX ANTIPARASITIC DRUG “INSPECTOR QUADRO TABS”
Authors: Stepanova  , Koshkarev
Published: August 2019

The obtained experimental results of the study of allergenic properties of complex insectacaricide drug for veterinary use «Inspector Quadro Tabs» (made by “CJSC SPC Ekoprom”) are shown in this article. The drug contains a new combination of active ingredients – lufenuron, moxidectin and praziquantel. Such a combina-tion has a broad spectrum of antiparasitic action against endo- and ectoparasites. The studies were carried out according to “Methodical Guidelines on evaluation of allergenic properties of pharmaceutical substances” (Guideline on experimental (non-clinical) studies of new pharmaceutical substances). The test was carried out on 20 albino Guinea pigs, the animals were divided into experimental and control groups. Allergization of animals in the experimental group was carried out by oral administration of the drug in minimal dose in the form of suspension in 1-% starch gel within 20 days. The animals were tested in 10 days after the allergization: epiku-tan test, conjunctival test and nasal test. Criteria for evaluation of irritant action of the drug suspension were the following characteristic signs of irritation: reddening of a plaintive channel, erythema, increase in a skin fold, fissures, ulceration, skin temperature, etc. It is established that during the experiment no irritating reactions were noted, the drug doesn't cause an allergization in animals body.
DEKTOMAKS EFFICIENCY AT DEMODEKOZ OF CATTLE
Authors: Stolbova
Published: August 2019

At present, modern farms are focused on the breeding and use of highly productive cows with high milk potential. A change in the conditions of keeping and feeding of cows leads to a decrease in the resistance of the organism and predisposes to the occurrence of diseases of various etiologies, and in particular invasive. One of the problems of invasive pathology in cattle is demodicosis. In order to protect animals, a study was conducted on the efficacy of the drug Dectomax in cattle demodicosis. For the experiment, we selected animals on the principle of analogs at the age of 10-12 months, of which 4 experimental groups (n = 10) and 1 control group (n = 10) were formed. Drug for the experimental animals was addressed subcutaneously, twice, with an interval of 5 days. As a result of our studies, we found that cattle in-fested with Demodex bovis tick at the end of the experiment showed a decrease in the infestation, when detecting few old colonies and removing crusts from them, epithelized skin was found. Thus, it was found that the therapeutic efficacy of the drug Dectomaks in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg with a double use against mites Demodex bovis in cattle is 86.5%.
THE USE OF LARVAE BLACK SOLDIER FLY, HERMETIA ILLUCENS, FOR THE DISPOSAL OF POTATOES INFECTED WITH PLANT NEMATODES
Authors: Udalova  , Bastrakov  , Zinovieva  , Ushakova
Published: August 2019

Disposal of organic waste in many countries is an acute problem; on the other hand, waste should be considered as an excellent raw material resource. Insect larvae can serve as one of the tools for the processing of organic matter. With their use, you can simultaneously solve several problems: reducing waste, obtaining animal feed, biologically active substances, valuable fertilizer, etc. The paper proposes the use of Hermetia illucens larvae, for the disposal of potatoes infected with plant nematodes. In this work, we evaluated the bioconversion of potatoes by the larvae of the fly H. illucens, and also analyzed the nematode composition of the obtained substrate from potatoes infected with Ditylenchus destructor and Rhabditis spp. during the life of the larvae. H. illucens larvae are able to effectively use fruit and vegetable wastes of com-mercial networks as feed substrate, including those infected with phytopathogenic or saprobiotic nematodes. Analysis of the degree of conversion of the substrate by the larvae of Black soldier fly showed that 70% of the waste was bioconverted. The formed zoo compost did not contain nematodes, in case of infection of the potato used for the experiment with phytoparasitic and saprobiotic nematodes. The ability of H. illucens larvae to eliminate potato and saprobiotic nematodes in the affected root crop has been shown, which makes it possible to recommend this method for utilization of potatoes spoiled during storage.
MECHANOCHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF TRIKLABENDAZOL TO OBTAIN AN EFFECTIVE DRUG AGAINST FACTIOLESIS
Authors: Khalikov  , Musaev
Published: August 2019

To study the possibility of increasing the solubility of the substance triclabendazole (TCB), we used the technology of mechanochemical modification of TCB using water-soluble polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and arabinogalactan (AG) from Siberian larch Larix sibirica in particular. After joint machining of TCB with polymers (PVP, AG) in a LE-101 ball mill (made in Hungary), free flowing powder dispersions with an increased solubility (more than 50 times as compared to the original substance TCB) were obtained. This result was explained by the formation of intermolecular complexes of the type of hydrogen bond between the characteristic groups of TCB and polymers, which was confirmed by the data of IR-spectral studies. Tests of intermolecular complexes on spontaneously fasciola-infected sheep have shown high efficiency. As a result of the research, it was found that the complex of TCB: AG composition (1:9), which we named “triclafascid”, possesses a number of positive attributes in comparison with the substance of TCB and provides high fasciolocid and economic efficacy, and safety of use by reducing the therapeutic dose. Inclusion of arabinogalactan, which has hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, mitogenic, gastroprotective properties, in the preparation, made it possible to reduce the toxicity of the preparation proposed for practice. It was shown that residual amounts of TCB and its metabolites were not detected in tissues and organs on the 14th day of the experiment with triclafascid, which indicates the possibility of slaughtering an animal and using meat 14 days after using the drug. The drug has good solubility, bioavailability to helminthes, is non-toxic, and increases antihelminthic and economic efficiency. The obtained results confirmed the previously obtained data on the prospects of an innovative approach to improve the quality indicators of anthelmintic drugs and to obtain effective drugs for veterinary medicine.