bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracción de antioxidantes del residuo de betabel (Beta vulgaris) por ultrasonido: comparación con métodos convencionales
Authors: Hernández Traspeña José Luis , Ramírez-Melo Lisette M. , Cruz-Cansino Nelly del Socorro , Delgado-Olivares Luis , Ramírez-Moreno Esther , Ariza-Ortega José Alberto , Alanís-García Ernesto
Published: June 2019

El residuo de betabel ha llamado la atención entre la comunidad científica por su composición nutrimental, principalmente por sus antioxidantes, los cuales son importantes en la dieta de las personas ya que estos disminuyen el daño celular generado por los radicales libres que se generan normalmente en el metabolismo y durante el estrés oxidativo de enfermedades no transmisibles; sin embargo este residuo no es consumido ni comercializado. Por estas razones se desarrollan algunos métodos para la extracción de compuestos sin el uso de solventes como lo es el ultrasonido (US), siendo una alternativa para la extracción de compuestos conservando sus características naturales. El objetivo de este estudio fue extraer los antioxidantes del residuo de betabel (Beta Vulgaris) utilizando tecnología convencional y emergente. Se obtuvo un extracto acuoso, etanólico, macerado y por US. Los resultados mostraron que en compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT), la extracción por US obtuvo mayor cantidad de estos compuestos (534.64 EAG/100g bs) con respecto al control. Sin embargo, la mayor extracción de betaninas y betaxantinas fue con agua (1009.01 y 764.18 mg EB/100g bs). El ultrasonido es una tecnología emergente que podría ser utilizado para la extracción de compuestos antioxidantes provenientes de residuos del procesamiento de los alimentos reduciendo el consumo de energía, mejorando la vida útil y la calidad del producto.
Generalidades y manejo correcto de la hoja de enfermería
Authors: Mayorga-Ponce Rocío B. , Martínez-Alamilla Abigail , Salazar-Valdez Daniela , Pérez-Hernández Jossajandy , Ramírez-Gutierrez Viridiana , Gayosso-Islas Evila
Published: June 2019

La hoja de enfermería es la evidencia escrita de los cuidados de enfermería y atención que es brindada al paciente, además actúa como medio de comunicación escrita entre los profesionales de enfermería Tomas (1996) y Ramos (1990).

Los registros de enfermería constituyen una parte fundamental de la asistencia en salud, estando integrados en la hoja de enfermería que forma parte del expediente clínico del paciente, lo que conlleva repercusiones y responsabilidades de índole profesional y legal, que precisa llevarlos a la práctica con el necesario rigor científico, que garantice la calidad de los mismos.
TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN KHALAYAK TERHADAP PEMBERITAAN DI MEDIA MASSA DI KOTA BOGOR (Pengembangan Media Literasi Pada Khalayak)
Authors: Alamsyah Feri Ferdinan , Amaliasari Diana , Satriani Imani
Published: June 2019

The magnitude of the influence of the dissemination of information in the mass media to the audience, makes the audience should be accustomed to doing media literacy. In the concept of media literacy, a good culture of media is to look at aspects of the level of public trust in information in the mass media. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of public confidence in the news in the mass media. This study uses descriptive quantitative correlational methods. The population in this study were students who enrolled in the city of Bogor, determining the sample using incidental sampling techniques. Khalayak agreed (76.9 percent) that they knew new information from the mass media. By receiving information from the mass media, respondents can add insight related to information displayed in the mass media. On the other hand, the more they receive a lot of information from the mass media, the respondents understand if the news displayed in the mass media is not always objective, some of which benefit certain parties. Therefore, respondents felt the need to know the same news in different mass media. A total of 54.4 percent agreed that respondents believed more in the information conveyed by mass media than social media.
A Study on the Meaning of Similarity in School Mathematics
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Yoo Jae-Geun , Park Moon Hwan
Published: June 2019

The 2015 textbooks on school mathematics explain ‘the meaning of similarity’ as ‘figures that are stretching or shrinking at a constant rate’. The method of ‘stretching or shrinking at a constant rate’ can be interpreted in various ways. When interpreting the meaning as ‘the ratio of the length of the corresponding side and size of the corresponding angle are invariant’, the ‘meaning of similarity’ and ‘property of similar figure’ falls into the recursive argument. In order to find an alternative, the Euclid’s ‘Elements’ and Clairaut’s ‘Elements of geometry’ were compared with contents that are related to the similarities. Based on this, the 2015 textbooks were analyzed. Since the method of ‘stretching or shrinking at a constant rate’ was not clarified, the possibility of the recursive argument was confirmed. In order to avoid the recursive argument, a search for a manner to specify the ‘the meaning of similarity’ based on Clairaut's approach is necessary. ‘The meaning of similarity’ can be avoided in the recursive argument by interpreting the meaning of ‘stretching or shrinking at a constant rate in the horizontal and vertical directions’. In particular, it was confirmed that it is possible to intuitively develop similarity in school mathematics.
Host plant specificity and feeding preferences of Morpho epistrophus argentinus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) larvae in coastal woodlands of Argentina
Authors: Carro Mariana , Lacoretz Mariela V. , De Mársico María Cecilia , Fernández Gustavo J.
Published: June 2019

The selection of suitable host plants for larval development is critical for most herbivorous insects. In this study, we examined host plant preferences of larvae of the Epistrophus white morpho butterfly, Morpho epistrophus argentinus (H. Fruhstorfer), a specialized butterfly that oviposits on a few plant species. In many species, the selection of host plant species for larvae development is under the control of ovipositing females and the role of larvae in host selection is minimal. Through field observations, we characterized larval host plant use in coastal woodland patches of its southernmost distribution range at eastern Buenos Aires, Argentina. All sampled M.e. argentinus larvaegroups (n = 40) were found on Scutia buxifolia trees, although the number of larval groups did not correlate with cover of this plant at patch scale. To further examine host plant preferences we performed translocation experiments and feeding choice assays. M.e. argentinus larvae translocated to unsuitable host plants had a shorter residence time than those translocated to suitable (i.e. control) hosts. Choice assays also indicated strong feeding preferences of wild larvae for S. buxifolia leaves. Our results highlight the high degree of host specificity of this butterfly, and reveal that host preference of growing larvae matches that of ovipositing females.
Diatomeas perifíticas de un río de montaña (Tucumán, Argentina)
Authors: Nieva Ángela M. , Seeligmann Claudia T. , Maidana Nora I.
Published: June 2019

En el marco del estudio de la diatomoflora perifítica (epiliton y epifiton) del río San Javier (Tucumán, Argentina) identificamos 40 géneros y 115 taxones infrage- néricos, de los cuales 5 son nuevos registros para Argentina: Gomphonema lippertii, Navicula densilineolata, Placomeis neoexigua, Stauroneis adamsiana y Ulnaria ramesi. Además, 6 son nuevas citas para Tucumán: Encyonema neomesianum, Halamphora normanii, Hantzschia abundans, Navicula antonii, N. rostellata y Placoneis symmetrica. Observamos que, en el periodo estudiado, el incremento de conductividad producida por el ingreso de agua desde un tributario provocó una disminución en la riqueza específica del epifiton y en la abundancia de ambas comunidades.
Teachers’ Perception of Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom
Authors: Cucinotta Giacomo
Published: June 2019

Motivation can determine success or failure in second language learning process, however there is a limited number of published investigations dedicated to motivational strategies in a European context. The purpose of the present study is to replicate Cheng’s and Dörnyei’s (2007) research to test the validity of their findings in a different cultural milieu. 101 foreign language (FL) and second language (L2) teachers were asked to rate a list of 47 motivational strategies according based on the degree of importance they perceived. In addition, they were also invited to specify how they acquainted with each strategy. The results of the study suggest that, even though the use of motivational strategies is decidedly context-dependent, the prevailing importance of some strategies might be cross-cultural. In particular, strategies related to classroom climate could also be considered as preconditions to employ further strategies. The highest-rated strategies are also indicated as acquired mostly through experience, which highlights the far too little attention that motivational strategies have so far received in education programmes for the formation of language teachers.
Relación entre complejidad y dificultad en tareas con patrones lineales reiterativos en estudiantes de 5 años
Authors: Yáñez Dionisio Félix , Diago Pascual D. , Arnau David
Published: June 2019

Una de las finalidades de la enseñanza de las matemáticas en Educación Infantil es fomentar el pensamiento lógico, la creatividad y la capacidad para resolver problemas de los estudiantes. Entre las actividades escolares propias de estas edades es habitual encontrar tareas de identificación y continuación de patrones lineales de repetición. Esta actividad puede ser estudiada desde un contexto de resolución de problemas en el que el estudiante debe discriminar la información superflua de aquella que le permite obtener la regla de generación de la serie y resolver la tarea. Diferentes variables como la longitud del núcleo de repetición, el número de descriptores, su naturaleza o la aparición de distractores permiten establecer diferentes grados de complejidad en la tarea. Nuestro objetivo es explorar qué factores relacionados con la complejidad del patrón influyen en la dificultad experimentada por estudiantes de cinco años de Educación Infantil al abordar este tipo de problemas. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que factores como la aparición de distractores o la repetición de atributos en el núcleo del patrón afectan significativamente a la tasa de éxito, mientras que otros como la longitud del núcleo o el tipo de descriptor, no ofrecen diferencias significativas.
Водорастворимые анионоидные производные C60-фуллерена проявляют свойство антидотов в отношении ионов Hg (II) при тестировании на клетках Escherichia coli
Authors: Жиленков Александр Викторович , Хакина Екатерина Александровна , Трошин Павел Анатольевич , Каримов Ильшат Файзелгаянович , Дерябин Дмитрий Геннадьевич
Published: June 2019

В высокоспецифичных реакциях хлорфуллерена C60Cl6 получены 3 водорастворимых производных C60-фуллерена, фунционализированных анионоидными аддендами различного химического состава и структуры. Установлено, что в водном окружении в присутствии стехиометрического (по молям 1:1) количества синтезированных производных C60-фуллерена и ионов Hg (II) происходит формирование гибридных органо-металлических комплексов, в ряде случаев сопровождающееся их агрегацией. Результатом подобного взаимодействия является снижение биодоступности ионов Hg (II) для клеток Escherichia coli, проявляющееся через уменьшение токсичности в отношении штамма E. coli K12 TG1 pF1 или ослабление защитных реакций штамма E. coli K12 MG1655 pMerA’::lux. Наиболее выраженный защитный эффект зарегистрирован с использованием производного C60-фуллерена, функционализированного серосодержащими аддендами общей формулы -S(CH2)10CO2K, по уровню антитоксической активности сопоставимого с фармакопейным препаратом «Унитиолом».
Получение меланотана II и амида тиросерлейтида на тяжелом мономерном носителе (Ajiphase)
Authors: Сангулия Т. А. , Антипова А. О. , Шкавров С. В. , Эпштейн Наталья Борисовна
Published: June 2019

Перспективные противоопухолевые пептиды — меланотан II и амид тиросерлейтида — впервые получены методом линейного пептидного синтеза на тяжелом мономерном носителе в граммовых количествах. Общий выход составил 72 и 50 % соответственно. Показана перспективность данного метода для производства пептидных веществ. Предлагаемые методики по удобству исполнения не уступают синтезам на полимерном носителе, а по расходу реагентов и легкости аналитического сопровождения — классическим синтезам в растворе.
The potentials and limitations of tax dispute prevention and alternative resolution mechanisms
Authors: Kovač Polonca
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with prevention and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in tax matters, particularly in the light of the specific nature of administrative relations, which also include tax procedures. Given the involvement of stakeholders, ADR benefits both the taxpayers and the tax authority, enabling greater legal certainty and speedier finalisation of procedures. Yet, ADR also poses an open threat to the public interest and equality as international and constitutional administrative principles, and must therefore be limited in tax procedures. This also derives from the legal acts of the EU and the Council of Europe. In addition to theoretical frameworks and types of dispute prevention and resolution mechanisms studied by means of scientific literature review, legal sources analysis and comparative insights, the paper presents the Slovenian regulation and practice of the Financial Administration (FURS) over the past years. The aim of this research is to examine the de iure and de facto situation at the national level. The analysis shows that, in tax matters, ADR is noticeably more intensive at the international level than within national tax systems. On the other hand, individual countries prefer to establish regulatory mechanisms for prevention, which should result in even more desired avoidance of disputes. It can be concluded that efficient tax procedures require an integrated approach, including both dispute prevention and ADR, in order to ensure the principles of tax justice and systemic inclusion of all stakeholders in its governance.
Dopustnost finančne asistence odvisne družbe za obveznosti obvladujoče družbe
Authors: Prelič Saša , Kocbek Marijan
Published: June 2019

Avtorja v prispevku obravnavata dopustnost različnih oblik finančne asistence med družbo in njenimi družbeniki oziroma delničarji. Predstavljena je ureditev v slovenskem pravu družb, vključno z aktualno slovensko in nemško sodno prakso. Njuna temeljna ugotovitev je, da je posojila družbe družbenikom (posojila upstream) treba presojati z vidika kogentnih splošnih pravil o ohranjanju kapitala, enako pa velja tudi za zavarovanja za posojila tretjih oseb, na primer bank. Finančna asistenca je dopustna le, kolikor ne pomeni prepovedanega vračila vložka. Izpostavljata tudi posebnosti, ki veljajo v primerih koncernsko povezanih družb.
Taxes as motivators and predictors of company restructuring
Authors: Stevanato Dario
Published: June 2019

There seems to be a common pattern in
the way Member States have addressed taxation of company reorganizations. After
some uncertainty, operations affecting corporate and shareholding structures
were considered as sources of taxable capital gains. As might have been
expected, this hindered a more efficient capital allocation, leading to the
enforcement of special laws granting limited and conditional exemption aiming
to ease the transfer of undertakings, often with extra advantages than what
would be necessary. A deeper rethinking about the very nature of corporate finance transactions at a later stage
defined the problem and brought an across-the-board enactment of general
provisions for corporate restructuring, inspired by tax-neutrality: roll-over
relief and tax deferral, further underpinned by Community law, have since
become standards for addressing mergers, divisions, and, to some extent,
transfer of assets and exchange of shares. It is arguable whether tax
neutrality granted to reorganizations does represent a waiver to the
realization principle, or whether instead it is a consistent development of the
legal concept of taxable income.

In the former case there would be some grounds to challenge tax neutrality in
company restructuring operations that lack commercial reasons through purposive
construction or anti-abuse clauses or principles. In the latter, antiavoidance
rules should be limited to thwart circumvention of the statutory scope and the
spirit of tax law, irrespective of the business purposes of the transactions
carried out.
Fundamental base of technological pre-production
Authors: Базров Борис , Bazrov Boris
Published: June 2019

The paper reports the analysis of fundamentals which a system of pre-production technology is based on including a method of product design description, a dimension analysis, an assessment of product design manufacturability, a method for the description of the error formation mechanism in product manufacturing, technology kinds; their drawbacks are shown.
Navigating the landscape of administrative data in Scotland
Authors: Iveson Matthew Henry , Deary Ian
Published: June 2019

Background: There is growing interest in using routinely-collected data for research purposes. Following the success of research using routinely-collected healthcare data, attention has turned to leveraging administrative data derived from systems providing other services to the population (e.g., education, social security) to conduct research on important social problems. In Scotland, specialised organisations have been set up to support researchers in their pursuit of using and linking administrative data. The landscape of administrative data in Scotland, however, is complex and changeable, and is often difficult for researchers to navigate. Purpose: This paper provides a researcher’s narrative of the steps required to gain the various approvals necessary to access and link administrative data for research in social and cognitive epidemiology. Findings: It highlights the problems, particularly regarding the length and complexity of the process, which researchers typically face and which result in a challenging research environment. The causes of these problems are discussed, as are potential solutions. Conclusions: Whereas the potential of administrative data is great, more work and investment are needed on the part of all those concerned – from researchers to data controllers – in order to realise this potential.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРАВОВОЙ ПРИРОДЕ ПРОЕКТНОГО ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА: ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ, АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal 4(15), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Flora Bertrand - Oxford, UK. 14.05.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - PP. 33-47.
Authors: Добрынина Ксения Евгениевна
Published: June 2019

В данной статье рассмотрены изменения законодательства Российской Федерации в сфере строительства жилья, выделены проблемные аспекты долевого строительства жилья и его поэтапной замены на проектное финансирование. В ходе анализа были выявлены позитивные и негативные последствия внедрения в России проектного финансирования строительства жилья. А так же сделаны выводы о том, к чему могут привести рассматриваемые изменения в законодательстве.This article examines the changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of housing construction, highlights the problematic aspects of shared housing construction and its phased replacement for project financing. The analysis revealed the positive and negative consequences of introducing project financing of housing construction in Russia. As well as conclusions about what the changes in the legislation in question may lead to.
Their books had become full of their names : computer science textbooks and ‘big tech’.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: June 2019

Part 2 of our research into big tech’s “best pals” in academic computerscience. Preceded by : “They danced to all songs : double employmentsand conflicts of interest within academic computer science.” (Part 1)
From Index to Network: Topic Maps in the Enhanced Networked Monographs Project
Authors: Provo Alexandra Alisa
Published: June 2019

The Enhanced Networked Monographs (ENM) project was an experimental publishing project funded by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and carried out from 2015-2018. Over the course of the project, we developed methods to extract topics from indexes, built tools to curate the result of the integration, and created a platform for reading. This article will discuss the creation of the ENM topic map, a meta-index created by combining many individual back-of-book indexes using the Topic Curation Toolkit.
Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A Comprehensive Investigation
Authors: Sala Giovanni , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishioka Yoshiko Lily , Masui Yukie , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ikebe Kazunori , Kamide Kei , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Gondo Yasuyuki
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a common tool for the assessment of global cognition in older adults. Despite its popularity among clinicians and researchers, the test’s psychometric properties are still uncertain.ObjectiveTo examine fundamental psychometrics properties of the MoCA that have not been established so far (i.e., factorial structure, general factor saturation, and measurement invariance).DesignCohort study.SettingPopulation-based invitation-type survey in city and rural areas in Hyogo prefectures and Tokyo Metropolitan, Japan.SubjectsIndividuals (N = 2,408) aged 69 to 91 clustered in three cohorts (69-71-year-olds, 79-81-year-olds, and 89-91-year-olds).MethodsExploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.ResultsThe MoCA shows an overall stable hierarchical factorial structure and a satisfactory general factor saturation. Also, measurement invariance occurs across participants with different age, educational level, economic status, and gender. ConclusionThis comprehensive investigation upholds the idea that the MoCA is a psychometrically valid tool for the assessment of global cognition in older adults.
A reply to “the unfolding argument”: Beyond functionalism/behaviorism and towards a truer science of causal structural theories of consciousness
Authors: Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Andrillon Thomas , Haun Andrew
Published: June 2019

In their recent article, the unfolding argument, Doerig et al argue that a theory of consciousness cannot be based in the characterization of the physical structure of the brain. They argue that such theories must be “either false or outside the realm of science”. Instead, they prefer theories of consciousness based only on “input-output” descriptions. By their implicit treatment of phenomenal structure as impossible to study, the authors seem to be advocating for a new mode of extreme methodological behaviorism. We take issue with their view, and describe an alternate approach to consciousness science. We clarify some ambiguities in Doerig et al’s argument, critiquing three of their four premises, leading to different conclusions. We then explain what makes causal structure theories of consciousness empirical and falsifiable. Specifically, we propose that consciousness science must work on ways to consider phenomenal structure - i.e. to derive the structure of experience from reports, and to search for isomorphism between physical and phenomenal structures. In essence, we argue that to really take consciousness seriously as an object of study, it is unavoidable that both phenomenal structure and the causal structure of a system must be central to any theory of consciousness.
Codes, communication and cognition
Authors: Harnad Stevan
Published: June 2019

Brette (2019) criticizes the notion of neural coding because it seems to entail that neural signals need to be “decoded” by or for some receiver in the head. If that were so, then neural coding would indeed be homuncular (Brette calls it “dualistic”), requiring an entity to decipher the code. But I think Brette’s plea to think instead in terms of complex, interactive causal throughput is preaching to the converted. Turing (not Shannon) has already shown the way. In any case, the metaphor of neural coding has little to do with the symbol grounding problem.
Gregory of Nazianzus and Q. Aurelius Symmachus: The Conflict between East and West and Elite Self-Presentation in the Later Fourth Century AD Rome and Constantinople
Authors: Lougheed Christopher
Published: June 2019

This article compares the literary self-presentations in the De vita sua of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Letters of Symmachus as their respective authors responded to public perceptions in Constantinople and Rome, respectively. It reads these works in the light of Gregory’s and Symmachus’ involvement in crisis management at two flashpoints in East–West relations in the last quarter of the fourth century ad, the dispute over the see of Antioch and the rebellion of Gildo in Africa. Both authors, by cooperating with regimes without strong local roots—in the case of Symmachus at the direct request of the regime—had compromised the real or perceived interests of their own cities; both argue in the works in question that they had nonetheless acted in line with locally accepted values and ideals. The Roman empire had long depended on well-connected local elites to mediate between central priorities and local interests in this way, but the sorts of challenges posed by East–West relations in the later fourth century were particularly difficult and the resulting works of self-presentation are both fundamentally novel. These works and the circumstances that led to their creation suggest that successful crisis management between East and West was far from easy, but remained a real possibility as late as the end of the fourth century.
Cenabis Bene(Catullus 13): Host for Real, or Just Blowing Smoke?
Authors: Griffith R. Drew
Published: June 2019

This article argues that the unguentum, ostensibly “perfume,” Catullus offers his friend, Fabullus, in poem 13.11 is also an inuentum, a “new discovery,” which the poet made while on the shores of the Black Sea as part of the cohort of Propraetor Memmius. The poem’s opening words, cenabis bene, “you’ll dine well” conceal an offer of cannabis bona, “good marijuana” chez Catullus, should Fabullus bring all other requisites for a feast—including readiness to giggle.
Analisis Pernikahan Usia Dini di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah Tahun 2017
Authors: Pratiwi Bintang Agustina , Angraini Wulan , Padila Padila , Nopiawati Nopiawati , Yandrizal Yandrizal
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the incidence of early pregnancy recording in Bengkulu Tengah Regency. This study used a qualitative approach by revealing informants as many as 7 people using Purposive Sampling techniques in Central Bengkulu District. The latest information obtained is analyzed. Informants married early because there were no other activities after graduating from school, not understood from getting married, wanting to have a mate, not being a parent, there was encouragement from parents. Public media is used as a communication tool, to determine the date of dating. Environmental factors are the reason for informants to marry early in the morning, assuming marriage at an early age is normal. Lack of attention and sensitivity of parents to the problems being experienced by children due to busy working on plantations. The desire of oneself is also a factor of choice for informants to get married at an early age. The relationship between the KUA, the Health Office, the Education Office to provide assistance to the families of prospective teenagers and adolescents. In addition, the need for activeness from community leaders in controlling adolescents in the village.

 Keywords: Early Marriage, Media, Knowledge, Environment, Parents
Titanium melt interaction with the refractory oxides of some metals
Authors:   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Panichkin A.V. ,   Satbayev University, Imanbayeva A.B. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Imbarova A.T. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University
Published: June 2019

This article reviews perspectives of various refractory oxides application, including rare earth elements as fire resistance material to produce tiegels for titanium induction melting and titanium alloys. The interaction of titanium molten with calcium oxide, magnesium, zirconium, and the rare earth elements oxides: lanthanum, cerium, and yttrium were studied in theory and by testing. In order to assess the possibility of using oxides of these metals in the manufacture of refractories for Ti alloys melting, the thermodynamic calculations were performed using the Outotec HSC Chemistry 8 program. The Gibbs free energy of the reactions of interaction between titanium alloys with the listed oxides was calculated. The Gibbs energy was testified to have positive values in the high temperatures, which in theory means that they can be used as refractory materials in the smelting of titanium. The experiments of short-term interaction of titanium with the oxides of the listed elements were carried out under heating in a vacuum induction furnace. The interaction was evaluated by the change in the titanium structure after melting it in the volume of the pressed oxide powder. In the process of titanium melting with oxides of calcium and magnesium at high temperatures, an intense boiling and splashing are observed. This fact is explained by the titanium restores calcium and magnesium to the state of the metal, and the low boiling temperature of calcium and magnesium causes the release of a large amount of metal vapor. Titanium is heavily contaminated by the metals that form these oxides, and, therefore, by oxygen being in contact with La2O3, CeO2, and ZrO2. The yttrium oxide is testified to be the most resistant to the titanium melting, there is no significant contamination of the molten with yttrium and oxygen, and this increases the titanium hardness by 20%. The experiments have resulted in that it was recommended to use yttrium oxide as a refractory material.
The effect of carbon fabrics modification on the strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic
Authors:   National Center for space research and technology, Mustafa L.M. , Yermakhanova А.М. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ismailov M.B. ,   National Centre for Space Studies and Technologies
Published: June 2019

This article reviews the study of influence of carbon fabrics modification on the strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Two types of epoxy compound Etal Inject SLM of “cold curing” and Etal Inject-T of “heat curing”, nitric acid HNO3 of concentration 60 %, carbon fabric of Toho Tenax/Aksa 3k-1200-200 were used in the study. Comparisons of the strength properties of carbon plastic on these compounds were given. The best result was obtained on Etal Inject-T with tensile strength – 1000 MPa and in compression – 425 MPa. Carbon fabric modification was carried out by grafting carboxylated groups treated with HNO3 to the carbon fiber surface. The treatment time in acid varied from 0.5 to 6 minutes. The compressive strength by 17 % from 425 MPa to 497 MPa has been established to increase when carbon fiber by HNO3 is modified for from 0.5 min to 2 min, then the strength decreases enlarging the treatment time. The decrease in strength is associated with supersaturation of the surface of the fibers with carboxyl groups, which were destroyed during heat treatment. Thus, the surface oxidating of carbon fabric is the most effective method of increasing its adhesion to epoxy resin and the strength of carbon fiber. The functional groups formed during the oxidation process allow for a tight cross-linking of the epoxy matrix with carbon fiber. It was previously found that the strength of carbon fiber increases with the modification of epoxy resin with oxidized carbon nanotubes. An assumption is made about a uniform mechanism for strengthening carbon-fiber reinforced plastic due to chemically active functional groups, both on the surface of carbon fiber and on the surface of carbon nanotubes.
Emplacing Smells
Authors: Racleș Andreea , Ivasiuc Ana
Published: June 2019

As one of the most stereotyped minorities, the Roma are particularly ‘good to think’ in relation to constructions of Europeanness. In the production of ‘Gypsiness’, the body, the space, and the materiality of the dwelling are linked through smell as signifiers of a racial and cultural inferiority that does not ‘belong’ in and to Europe. Drawing on research projects carried out in the outskirts of Rome and in a small Romanian town, our contribution relies on a juxtaposed ethnography of constructions of ‘Gypsiness’ in relation to the spatial, sensorial and material inscriptions of the body. The article will examine the relationship between space and the social production of smell, discussing how spaces inhabited by Roma play a role in ‘doing’ Europeanness in a contrastive mode.
Clinical trials for pediatric traumatic brain injury: definition of insanity?
Authors: Appavu Brian , Foldes Stephen T. , Adelson P. David
Published: June 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children both in the United States and throughout the world. Despite valiant efforts and multiple clinical trials completed over the last few decades, there are no high-level recommendations for pediatric TBI available in current guidelines. In this review, the authors explore key findings from the major pediatric clinical trials in children with TBI that have shaped present-day recommendations and the insights gained from them. The authors also offer a perspective on potential efforts to improve the efficacy of future clinical trials in children following TBI.
Impact of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI on robotic radiosurgery treatment planning in meningioma patients: first experiences in a single institution
Authors: Acker Güliz , Kluge Anne , Lukas Mathias , Conti Alfredo , Pasemann Diana , Meinert Franziska , Anh Nguyen Phuong Thuy , Jelgersma Claudius , Loebel Franziska , Budach Volker , Vajkoczy Peter , Furth Christian , Baur Alexander D. J. , Senger Carolin
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

For stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning, precise contouring of tumor boundaries and organs at risk is of utmost importance. Correct interpretation of standard neuroimaging (i.e., CT and MRI) can be challenging after previous surgeries or in cases of skull base lesions with complex shapes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI on treatment planning for image-guided SRS by CyberKnife.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively identified 11 meningioma treatments in 10 patients who received a 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI prior to SRS. The planning target volume (PTV) used for the patients’ treatment was defined as the reference standard. This was contoured by a treating radiosurgeon (RS0) using fused planning CT and PET/MRI data sets. The same tumors were then contoured by another experienced radiosurgeon (RS1) and by a less-experienced radiosurgeon (RS2), both blinded to PET data sets. A comparison of target volumes with focus on volume-based metrics and distance to critical structures was performed. RS1 and RS2 also filled in a questionnaire analyzing the confidence level and the subjective need for the implementation of PET data sets for contouring.

RESULTS

Analysis showed a subjective personal preference for PET/MRI in all cases for both radiosurgeons, particularly in proximity to critical structures. The analysis of the planning volumes per physician showed significantly smaller RS2-PTV in comparison to RS1-PTV and to RS0-PTV, whereas the median volumes were comparable between RS1-PTV and RS2-PTV (median: RS0: 4.3 cm3 [IQR 3.4–6.5 cm3] and RS1: 4.5 cm3 [IQR 2.7–6 cm3] vs RS2: 2.6 cm3 [IQR 2–5 cm3]; p = 0.003). This was also reflected in the best spatial congruency between the 2 experienced physicians (RS0 and RS1). The percentage of the left-out volume contoured by RS1 and RS2 compared to RS0 with PET/MRI demonstrated a relevant left-out-volume portion in both cases with greater extent for the less-experienced radiosurgeon (RS2) (RS1: 19.1% [IQR 8.5%–22%] vs RS2: 40.2% [IQR 34.2%–53%]). No significant differences were detected regarding investigated critical structures.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated a relevant impact of PET/MRI on target volume delineation of meningiomas. The extent was highly dependent on the experience of the treating physician. This preliminary study supports the relevance of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI as a tool for radiosurgical treatment planning of meningiomas.
Management trends for anaplastic meningioma with adjuvant radiotherapy and predictors of long-term survival
Authors: Alhourani Ahmad , Aljuboori Zaid , Yusuf Mehran , Woo Shiao Y. , Hattab Eyas M. , Andaluz Norberto , Williams Brian J.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to describe effects of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for anaplastic meningiomas (AMs) on long-term survival, and to analyze patient and RT characteristics associated with long-term survival.

METHODS

The authors queried a retrospective cohort of patients with AM from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 to describe treatment trends. For outcome analysis, patients with at least 10 years of follow-up were included, and they were stratified based on adjuvant RT status and propensity matched to controls for covariates. Survival curves were compared. A data-driven approach was used to find a biologically effective dose (BED) of RT with the largest difference between survival curves. Factors associated with long-term survival were quantified.

RESULTS

The authors identified 2170 cases of AM in the NCDB between 2004 and 2015. They observed increased use of adjuvant RT in patients treated with higher doses. A total of 178 cases met the inclusion criteria for outcome analysis. Forty-five percent (n = 80) received adjuvant RT. Patients received a BED of 80.23 ± 16.6 Gy (mean ± IQR). The median survival time was not significantly different (32.8 months for adjuvant RT vs 38.5 months for no RT; p = 0.57, log-rank test). Dichotomizing the patients at a BED of 81 Gy showed maximal difference in survival distribution with a decrease in median survival in favor of no adjuvant RT (31.2 months for adjuvant RT vs 49.7 months for no RT; p = 0.03, log-rank test), but this difference was not significant after false discovery rate correction. Age was a significant predictor for long-term survival.

CONCLUSIONS

AMs are aggressive tumors that carry a poor prognosis. Conventional adjuvant RT improves local control. However, the effect of adjuvant radiation on overall survival is unclear. Further investigation into this area is warranted.
Efficacy and toxicity of particle radiotherapy in WHO grade II and grade III meningiomas: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Adela , Jin Michael C. , Meola Antonio , Wong Hong-nei , Chang Steven D.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

Adjuvant radiotherapy has become a common addition to the management of high-grade meningiomas, as immediate treatment with radiation following resection has been associated with significantly improved outcomes. Recent investigations into particle therapy have expanded into the management of high-risk meningiomas. Here, the authors systematically review studies on the efficacy and utility of particle-based radiotherapy in the management of high-grade meningioma.

METHODS

A literature search was developed by first defining the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOS). A search strategy was designed for each of three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Data extraction was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes of interest included local disease control, overall survival, and toxicity, which were compared with historical data on photon-based therapies.

RESULTS

Eleven retrospective studies including 240 patients with atypical (WHO grade II) and anaplastic (WHO grade III) meningioma undergoing particle radiation therapy were identified. Five of the 11 studies included in this systematic review focused specifically on WHO grade II and III meningiomas; the others also included WHO grade I meningioma. Across all of the studies, the median follow-up ranged from 6 to 145 months. Local control rates for high-grade meningiomas ranged from 46.7% to 86% by the last follow-up or at 5 years. Overall survival rates ranged from 0% to 100% with better prognoses for atypical than for malignant meningiomas. Radiation necrosis was the most common adverse effect of treatment, occurring in 3.9% of specified cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the lack of randomized prospective trials, this review of existing retrospective studies suggests that particle therapy, whether an adjuvant or a stand-alone treatment, confers survival benefit with a relatively low risk for severe treatment-derived toxicity compared to standard photon-based therapy. However, additional controlled studies are needed.
Determining the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of meningioma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis
Authors: Reddy Abhinav K. , Ryoo James S. , Denyer Steven , McGuire Laura S. , Mehta Ankit I.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to illustrate the demographic characteristics of meningioma patients and observe the effect of adjuvant radiation therapy on survival by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. More specifically, the authors aimed to answer the question of whether adjuvant radiotherapy following resection of atypical meningioma confers a cause-specific survival benefit. Additionally, they attempted to add to previous characterizations of the epidemiology of primary meningiomas and assess the effectiveness of the standard of care for benign and anaplastic meningiomas. They also sought to characterize the efficacy of various treatment options in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas separately since nearly all other analyses have grouped these two together despite varying treatment regimens for these behavior categories.

METHODS

SEER data from 1973 to 2015 were queried using appropriate ICD-O-3 codes for benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment choices were analyzed. The effects of treatment were examined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 57,998 patients were included in the analysis of demographic, meningioma, and treatment characteristics. Among this population, cases of unspecified WHO tumor grade were excluded in the multivariate analysis, leaving a total of 12,931 patients to examine outcomes among treatment paradigms. In benign meningiomas, gross-total resection (HR 0.289, p = 0.013) imparted a significant cause-specific survival benefit over no treatment. In anaplastic meningioma cases, adjuvant radiotherapy imparted a significant survival benefit following both subtotal (HR 0.089, p = 0.018) and gross-total (HR 0.162, p = 0.002) resection as compared to gross-total resection alone. In atypical tumors, gross-total resection plus radiotherapy did not significantly change the hazard risk (HR 1.353, p = 0.628) compared to gross-total resection alone. Similarly, it was found that adjuvant radiation did not significantly benefit survival after a subtotal resection (HR 1.440, p = 0.644).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate that the role of adjuvant radiotherapy, especially after the resection of atypical meningioma, remains somewhat unclear. Thus, given these results, prospective randomized clinical studies are warranted to provide clear information on the effects of adjuvant radiation in meningioma treatment.
A comparison of readmission and complication rates and charges of inpatient and outpatient multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgeries in the Medicare population
Authors: Khalid Syed I. , Kelly Ryan , Wu Rita , Peta Akhil , Carlton Adam , Adogwa Owoicho
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the relationship of comorbidities and postoperative complications to rates of readmission for geriatric patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) involving more than 2 levels on an inpatient or outpatient basis. With the rising costs of healthcare in the United States, understanding the safety and efficacy of performing common surgical interventions (including ACDF) as outpatient procedures could prove to be of great economic impact.Objective This study aims to assess the effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on the rates of readmission of geriatric patients undergoing multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures (i.e., ACDF involving 3 or more levels) on an inpatient or outpatient basis. Same-day surgery has been demonstrated to be a safe and cost-effective alternative to the traditional inpatient option for many surgical interventions. With the rising costs of healthcare, understanding the safety and efficacy of performing common surgical interventions as outpatient procedures could prove to be of great economic impact.

METHODS

The study population included total of 2492 patients: 2348 inpatients and 144 outpatients having ACDF procedures involving 3 or more levels in the Medicare Standard Analytical Files database. Age, sex, comorbidities, postoperative complications, readmission rates, and surgical procedure charges were compared between both cohorts. For selected variables, logistic regression was used to model odds ratios for various comorbidities against readmission rates for both inpatient and outpatient cohorts. Chi-square tests were also calculated to compare these comorbidities with readmission in each cohort.

RESULTS

Overall complication rates within 30 postoperative days were greater for inpatients than for outpatients (44.2% vs 12.5%, p < 0.001). More inpatients developed postoperative urinary tract infection (7.9% vs 0%, p < 0.001), and the inpatient cohort had increased risk of readmission with comorbidities of anemia (OR 1.52, p < 0.001), smoking (OR 2.12, p < 0.001), and BMI ≥ 30 (OR 1.43, p < 0.001). Outpatients had increased risk of readmission with comorbidities of anemia (OR 2.78, p = 0.047), diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 (OR 3.25, p = 0.033), and BMI ≥ 30 (OR 3.95, p = 0.008). Inpatients also had increased readmission risk with a postoperative complication of surgical site infection (OR 2.38, p < 0.001). The average charges for inpatient multilevel ACDF were significantly higher than for multilevel ACDF performed on an outpatient basis ($12,734.27 vs $12,152.18, p = 0.0019).

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that ACDF surgery involving 3 or more levels performed as an outpatient procedure in the geriatric population may be associated with lower rates of readmissions, complications, and surgical charges.