bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Beatus de Saint-Sever. Contexte historique et iconographique
Authors: Klein Peter K.
Published: December 2022

The Beatus of Saint Sever : the historical and iconographical context.

The Beatus of Saint-Sever (Paris, BnF, lat. 8878) is certainly the most impressive and the most fascinating of all the manuscripts commenting on the Apocalypse of Beatus of Liébana. Written and illustrated in the Gascon monastery of Saint Sever, during the abbacy of Gregory Montaner (1028 -1072), this famous manuscript is unique in a number of different ways. It is one of the rare Beatus which are not Spanish, and the only one of French origin. It stands out above all as much for its innovations and the singularity of its iconography, as for its precocious realism and the extraordinary quality of its style. These facts are well known, but the historical reasons for such distinctiveness are rarely questioned. First of all, the origin of such a text (the circulation of which was almost exclusively limited to Spain) within the Gascon monastery of Saint Sever can certainly be explained by the narrow relations forged between the Kingdom of Navarre and the prince of Gascony, and without doubt above all by the use of the Gascon liturgy, which, at this period, greatly resembled the Spanish liturgy. This aspect is the main point, because, from the middle of the Xth century, the manuscripts of the Beatus appear to have been intended above all for liturgical readings at the time of Easter. Moreover, in the production of the Codex of Saint Sever, the scribes and the painters have used two different models : on the one hand, a manuscript of the first edition of 776, with a correct text but a more modest illustration, while on the other a Beatus in the posthumous version of the Xth century, with a corrupt text but more ample illustration and much richer. A comparison of the two models and the intention of combining them in the pictures of the codex of Saint Sever seem to have stimulated the creativity of the painters and led to a considerable transformation in the iconography and the traditional production on the page of the Beatus. This combination of factors leads one to suppose that abbot Montaner, a powerful and ambitious personality, wanted to surpass the Spanish manuscripts of the Beatus through iconographie and artistic richness, in the image of the contemporary construction of the new abbey of Saint Sever, which in importance was only surpassed by that of Saint Sernin at Toulouse.
Le Saint des Saints : le Trésor de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse
Authors: Cassagnes-Brouquet Sophie , Bastard-Fournié Michelle
Published: December 2022

Sophie Brouquet et Michelle Fournié, Le Saint des Saints : le Trésor de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse

« Thoulouze la sainte », telle la nommait à la fin du XVe siècle un pèlerin de Valenciennes. Cette réputation était essentiellement due au Trésor de l’abbatiale Saint-Sernin dont les reliques étaient gérées par la puissante Confrérie des Corps-Saints. Du XIe au XVe siècle, le stock des reliques ne cessa d’augmenter : aux corps des saints évêques, vinrent s’ajouter ceux de martyrs et même ceux de six des douze apôtres, dont saint Jacques le Majeur. De somptueux reliquaires furent commandés, confectionnés, réparés et renouvelés par les meilleurs artistes : les inventaires et les registres de comptes permettent de connaître la fréquence et le coût de ces travaux. La dimension « civique » du culte des reliques se lit particulièrement dans les cérémonies d’invention, d’ostension et de translation où le rôle des édiles urbains ne le cédait en rien à celui du clergé. Les capitouls avaient en effet une conception mystique du gouvernement urbain et se pensaient eux-mêmes comme un collège apostolique.
La relique, le reliquaire et le récit hagiographique : des relations ambiguës (diocèses de Mende et de Toulouse) ?
Authors: Peloux Fernand
Published: December 2022

Relics, reliquaries and hagiographie stories : ambiguous narratives (dioceses of Mende and of Toulouse) ? The relationship between relics and hagiography appears quite clear. A systematic examination of this relationship in Languedoc shows however that it is not perhaps useless to question this evidence. The several tales of the translation or discovery of relics of southern French saints that it is proposed to study initially raise important problems, of how to date them, of publication and of circulation. It should be noted that relics have been the object of devotion without any hagiographie stories and have been found to strengthen the promotion of their cults. The case of the successors of St. Semin is in this regard is characteristic, even if one of these, Exupery, is seen to be endowed with a story that emerges from the Gregorian crisis at Toulouse, after the monks of Moissac occupied for a while the abbey of St. Semin. The latter, towards 1100, compiled the biggest written list of relics ever produced in a southern French monastery. This comprised more than 150 different saints, and it was intended to compare this with the 150 saints found indeed in the biggest book of saints ever produced in France in the XIth century, and also with the cult of saints as it appeared in the later liturgical manuscripts of this abbey.

What comes out of this study is that a relic is not always accompanied by a hagiographic tale, and is not always the object of a cult. What therefore is its function in the heart of the monastic space ? The relic can extend beyond the hagiographic description, by integrating a reliquary of which the iconography allows the extension of the hagiographie legend, as is the case of an exceptional Toulousan reliquary of the XIIIth century, in which the Life of St. Exupery of Toulouse is rewritten and augmented with images. This illustrates perhaps how the relic has superior power over a hagiographic story. It alone structures the urban space of episcopal cities. Its location in the city brings a condition of different identities, and, in return, the production of new hagiographic stories at the end of the Middle Ages, in cathedrals deprived of prestigious relics of holy bishops which are preserved in other urban sanctuaries (Rodez, Toulouse, Albi). Thus, the absence of a relic can be as favourable to the creation of a hagiographic text as its possession.
«L’aide de Dieu et de saint Vincent». Piété et dévotion aux reliques chez les Montfort
Authors: Bastard-Fournié Michelle , Macé Laurent
Published: December 2022

“Help of God and of St. Vincent’’. Piety and devotion to relics by the Montforts.

Simon de Montfort is well known to historians as a brave warrior and leader of the Crusade against the Albigensians. But the spirituality of this knight of Christ, who was aware of conducting a holy war, merits attention as much as his deeds involving arms. Devotion to relics is most assuredly integral to the enterprise of conquest and domination, but also witnesses to an ardent piety, fashioned by the family environment of Simon de Montfort, and shared by all those close to him. This piety is underpinned by the idea of martyrdom, in the image of the saint venerated above all by Simon and his followers, St. Vincent of Saragossa, whose relics attracted numerous pilgrims at Castres, the centre of the southern lordship of Montfort. Despite the hostility which generally surrounds the leader of the crusade in the south of France, his memory is honoured in many southern French towns, Albi, Cadouin, Carcassonne, Castres...
La chair dans les recueils d'exempla méridionaux (XIIIe-XIVe siècles)
Authors: Berlioz Jacques , Guerreau Alain
Published: December 2022

Flesh in the collections of southern French exempla (XIIIth-XIVth centuries).

In order to determine the place of flesh in examples of medieval accounts in the south of France, three collections have been selected. These are the Latin manuscript 3555 in the Bibliothèque nationale of France, the collection called that of Brother Sachet, and the Scala coeli of Jean Gobi the Younger. Firstly, by increasing its size, this body of work has been analysed thanks to the methods of statistical analysis, to determine the meaning of caro in pastoral literature. Besides the food aspect, caro for the preachers is caught between the strongly contrasting concupiscentia and mortificatio. This binary morality is hardly surprising. Caro simply refers back to the great fundamental contrast within the system of medieval representation between caro and spiritus. It is subsequently studied where the accounts we have retained as exempla intended to control sexuality, and how the notion of “flesh” (caro and its derivatives), in the sense of sexual control, is offered. The matter is, as a general rule, present throughout the work. A thematic perception of this type of extract found throughout ms BnF lat. 3555 is proposed : punishment of lustful people, damnation of the soul, condemnation of adultery, opposition to lust. In Jean Gobi, mulier, the woman of quality is opposed to femina, the bad and sinful woman. There remain three concluding remarks. The extracts concerning the “flesh” and sexu ality constitute a significant proportion of the accounts, i.e. 10% for the first, 16% for Sachet, and 6% for the Scala coeli. Although they draw on common foundations of anecdotes condemning lust (or promoting chastity), the southern French authors like to propose models rooted in southern France, even if sexual control is not the only matter to benefit from this particular treatment. Finally, the clergy are not often directly condemned. The audience envisaged seems to be clearly that of lay people through the exempla, sometimes focussing on the clergy. The Gregorian Reform does not appear, at the end of the XIIIth century and the beginning of the XIVth century, to have had much impact.
Le sexe des anges ? L ’Église, les fiançailles et le mariage des enfants. Le point de vue de quelques canonistes méridionaux (XIIIe-XIVe s.)
Authors: Leveleux-Texeira Corinne
Published: December 2022

The sex of angels ? The Church, betrothals, and marriage of children. The point of view of several southern French canons (XIIIth-XIVth centuries.)

The elaboration of the model of Christian marriage constituted one of the major achievements of medieval canon law, and is the one which has left the most profound imprint on social practices and norms in later periods.

In order to understand this, the choice has been made to address this development from the position of one extreme case. In fact, it is often in the description of excesses of the flesh, where, on the contrary, it is in the evocation of the absence of this that the canonical discourse on marriage is most transparent in itself, revealing the contradictions which go through it. The report on the sexuality of children and the young, and the manner in which this sexuality was perceived by law, offers, in this perspective, an interesting point of observation.

More precisely, the study analyses the statements of southern French jurists in the XIIIth-XIVth centuries on the sexuality of prepubertal children. Their propositions are organised according to a double approach, normative and realist. From the normative point of view, the authors assign limited roles a priori to the child and the prepubertal young, on the verge of sexual activity, weakly asserting the consequences of law. Similarly, the principal of reality encourages them to reverse the presumptions erected through the rule of law, and to describe the sexuality of the young no longer in terms of limits but of power and capacity, from the moment that they are medically perceived.
La légitimation des bâtards de Raymond-Roger de Comminges et Jeanne d’Espagne (1447). Eglise, royauté et réhabilitation des enfants issus d’une union incestueuse au XVe siècle
Authors: Chevalier Romain
Published: December 2022

The legitimation of the bastard children of Raymond-Roger de Comminges and Jeanne d’Espagne (1447). Church, royalty and the rehabilitation of the children of an incestuous union in the XVth century

This study sets out to provide a detailed analysis of the letters of legitimisation granted by the royal chancellery of Charles VII to the five children of the union of Raymond-Roger de Comminges and Jeanne d’Espagne (1447). This marriage was a voidable act due to transgression of the interdictions on consanguinity set out in canon law. This case permits one to address the possibility of rehabilitation of the children carrying the double stigma of incest and illegitimacy. In the event, Raymond-Roger de Comminges chose to address the royal jurisdiction, even when retrospective régularisation of the marriage would have been possible by obtaining a matrimonial dispensation from the apostolic Penitentiary.

The common competence of the two administrations -royal and pontifical- in this matter seems to constitute a point of crystallisation of the debates on the limits of the temporal and spiritual spheres. The letters of legitimisation usually set out legal reasoning based upon a principle, informed by secular values, of compensation for the blemish of illegitimacy. An argument of circumstances adapted to the case of Raymond-Roger de Comminges brings to bear the notion of incest. It strives to put into practice a principle of mitigating the fault through the incorporation of language and of elements of interpretation which derive from canon law.
Viols et homicides. Les moines de Fontfroide en accusation au XIVe siècle
Authors: Caucanas Sylvie
Published: December 2022

Rapes and homicides. Accusations against the monks of Fontfroide in the XIVth century.

In the first quarter of the XIVth century, a long legal process took place before the seneschal of Carcassonne, between the monastery of Fontfroide and the consuls of the Bourg of Narbonne. The latter raised 56 counts of indictment against the Abbot and the monastery of Fontfroide, of which 11 make reference to crimes of the flesh (adultery, rape, rape followed by murder, homosexual practices). Even if one is inclined to admit that they are genuine, the 11 moral crimes imputed to the monks of Fontfroide are only a pretext invoked by the consuls of the Bourg in order to bring into moral disrepute the opposing party, and to eliminate a rival of stature in the possession of vacant lots, and in matters of rights of expropriation and inheritance. The violence of the allegations is not what most shocks the accusers. What they want to see condemned are the denial of justice, the partiality of the monastery, and the impunity of the guilty.

It nonetheless remains that, on reading the proceedings, one perceives that the religious community of Fontfroide was very far removed from the principles which inspired the foundation of the Cistercian order. It no longer lived in a desert, but in a world full of populations who quarrelled over the possession and use of land, both tilled and untilled. With the considerable increase in its possessions, there was a lack of people to cultivate the land. It had to use more and more paid employees to compensate for the reduced number of lay brothers. It is therefore not surprising that, in the granges, far from the moral and spiritual authority of the Abbot, religious life came to take second place, as a result of material preoccupations and carnal temptations.
Supérieurs bénédictins et conduites guerrières dans le sud-ouest de la Gaule Xe-XIIIe siècles)
Authors: Fray Sébastien
Published: December 2022

Benedictine superiors and warlike conduct in the south west of Gaul (Xth-XIIIth centuries)

The current enquiry reveals that in Gascony, as in the south of the Massif Central and in Languedoc, from the Xth to the XIIIth century, Benedictine abbots and priors took part in the seigneurial wars, assembled hosts, led troops on expedition, besieged castles... Such behaviour has not been stigmatised, as one could have expected. On the contrary, their revelation is generally linked to their historic context and particular documentation, which do not merit pausing to examine them. However, these behaviours are no longer general. Certain Benedictine monasteries have chosen other ways to defend their seigneurial interests, delegating to the faithful the exercise of bellicose power, according to a more conventional model.
La violence, les villes et l’Église : quelques cas méridionaux (XIe -XIIIe s.)
Authors: Balossino Simone
Published: December 2022

Violence, towns and the Church : some southern French cases (XIIth - XIIth centuries)

The spreading of the consulates and the claiming of liberties by the urban societies of the south of France is part of a more general movement of rejection of traditional powers, well known from the end of the XIth century. Inside cities, the use of violence in political conflicts is characteristic, visible in time and with different modalities in a large number of cities. But, with a violence characteristic of the communal world, which reveals the existence of internal divisions and which feeds on economic or social disparities, come to be added other types of violence, exacerbated in the south of France by the crusade, by the hardening of the pontifical theocracy, by the affirmation of princely and royal powers, by the explosion of politico-religious dissent and by the setting up of the Inquisition.

It is proposed here to observe several cases of violence involving towns in Languedoc and Provence from the point of view of the urban elites, and not through the prism of the inquisitor, heretics or crusaders, as has already been done. This approach allows the observation of a milieu whose interests, strategies, and points of view lead one to confront the geopolitical movements beyond urban frontiers, whether local or regional. It allows one equally to reconstitute the totality of the complexity of the episodes of conflict, often interpreted in an excessively linear manner, such as the antagonisms setting the citizens of a town against the prelates, or, more generally, the clergy. It would in effect be to diminish consideration of the world of southern French towns as a homogeneous whole, opposed, from the XIIIth century, to the ecclesiastical or central powers. The urban elites, on the contrary, experience strong internal tensions which explode at the same time as a more general competition bursts out between universal powers.
Sur les violences de la croisade. Réflexions à propos de la prise de Béziers
Authors: Biget Jean-Louis
Published: December 2022

Concerning the violence of the crusade. Reflections on the taking of Béziers.

The crusade against the Albigensians begins with the burning of Béziers and the massacre of a large part of its inhabitants. This violence was celebrated by the clergy at the time as a victory for Christianity, and as the effect of Christ’s vengeance against the infidel. It is part of an advanced spirit of crusade which evolves and is maintained through the XIIth century, and is transferred against the heretics, enemies within, as a consequence of repeated failures of expeditions to the Holy Land and of the moral and religious reform movement, brought in particularly by the Cistercians. The massacre of Béziers is embedded in the logic of the time, and does not belong to the accidents of history.
Unité de l’Église et définition de l’hérésie au XIIe siècle
Authors: Iogna-Prat Dominique
Published: December 2022

The Church is constituted as a “ system” in the crucible of the Gregorian Reforms of the XIth and XIIth centuries. This system is supported by a discourse on the unity of the sacramental Christian community, to which is opposed a whole spectrum of dissidents : heretics, Jews, pagans and Moslems. In this sense, ecclesiology is essentially heresiology. From this standpoint, of a study of Catharism as an endogenous phenomenon of western Christianity, this paper focuses on the study of dualism as a paradoxical evolution of the questions posed by the problem of duality, a duality superseded by hierarchical thinking that imposes a third party dynamic.
Svećenik, Crkva i vjera nasuprot đavlu u Šegedinovu romanu Djeca
božja
Authors: Šundov Lucijana Armanda
Published: December 2022

U analizi Šegedinova romana Djeca božja polazi se od Milanjina zapažanja da je roman sastavljen od dihotomija, a jedna od izraženijih jest ona između profanog i svetog, tj. Božjeg i đavoljeg. Autorica rada u navedenoj dihotomiji uočava različite elemente koji utječu na značenjsku razinu romana. Prvi od njih jest lik svećenika, koji se u radu uspoređuje s inkvizitorom, a kontrastira s metaforom o svećeniku kao o „dobrom pastiru” onako kako ga se opisuje u Bibliji i važnim dokumentima Kongregacije za kler. U središnjem dijelu rada razmatra se važnost koju za značenje romana imaju teološka pitanja kao što su ona o sudbini životinja i nekrštene djece u kršćanstvu. Šegedinovi stavovi o prvom pitanju uspoređuju se s djelima filozofa Radoslava Tasovca Saidif i Saidifovi učenici, što do sada u kritici nije učinjeno. Pri analizi važnosti sakramentološkog pitanja o sudbini umrle nekrštene djece autorica je konzultirala Dokument o limbu i obrednike sprovoda. U završnom dijelu rada fokus je na glavnom liku dječaku Stakanu koji sebe uspoređuje s đavlom, a figura đavla ide u prilog tezi o prepletanju crkvenih koncepata i usmenih predaja koje u konačnici utječu na iskrivljenu sliku o vjeri u romanu. Uz pomoć dihotomije o Božjem i đavoljem u romanu autor usvaja ateističke stavove koji utječu na njegovu ideju o jezi života, iako Boga i vjeru ne odbacuje u potpunosti.
Трансформация административно-территориального устройства как условие жизнеустойчивости регионов Крайнего Северо-Востока России
Authors:   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo, FEB RAS, Magadan, Pruss Yu.V. , Sharypova О.А. ,   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo, FEB RAS, Magadan
Published: December 2022

Spatial transformations of the administrative-territorial division, exemplified by Magadan Oblast, have been analized. Under the low density and the continuing outflow of population, the high share of subsidies and the regional budget deficit, the option of further optimization of the administrative- territorial structure within the borders of the region is proposed in order to improve the mechanisms of territorial management, economic growth, and budget saving. The effect of possible modification of the administrative-territorial structure through the consolidation of municipalities, expressed in significant budget saving, is estimated. The necessity of searching for and implementing new ways and conditions of economic activity with the involvement of private capital in the area of servicing the vital activity of the territory is substantiated. The results of the study contribute to the formation of ideas on the trends of spatial development and socio-economic problems in the northern regions of Russia's Far East; they can be used by researchers when researching similar topics, as well as by public authorities when developing strategic documents on spatial regional development.
Métodos físicos, químicos e biológicos de controle de biofilmes bacterianos
Authors: Bandeira João Antônio Carvalho , Gomes Victor Targino , Almeida José Gabriel Santos de , Silva Yasmin Vieira , Cândido Inaldo dos Santos Casado , Pereira Rosângela Targino , Sousa Milla Nunes de , Marques Rodrigo Vilar , Vasconcelos Ulrich
Published: December 2022

Os biofilmes são agregados microbianos complexos que representam risco à saúde porque inúmeros patógenos são capazes de colonizar superfícies bióticas e abióticas, conferindo a estes microrganismos, maior resistência a antibióticos e outros agentes antimicrobianos. Além disso, os biofilmes são responsáveis por perdas na indústria, bem como pelo processo de biodeterioração de diferentes materiais. Visando formas de inibir ou erradicar biofilmes, diferentes métodos são propostos, incluindo a associação entre eles. Esta revisão foi elaborada por discentes de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular da UFPB, como trabalho final da Disciplina “Biofilmes microbianos” e traz exemplos e perspectivas de tratamentos físicos, químicos e biológicos no controle destas estruturas.
Pode a bitcoin facilitar o cometimento do crime de lavagem de dinheiro?
Authors: Dias Daniel Durante Francisco , Maciel Filho Pedro Alberto Alves
Published: December 2022

Umas das inovações que vêm gerando discussões na seara jurídica tratam-se das criptomoedas, especialmente da bitcoin, que é a criptomoeda precursora e com mais valor de mercado. A tecnologia da bitcoin garante um funcionamento descentralizado e, portanto, com total ausência de controle, tornando-a imune à soberania Estatal. Tal ausência de controle Estatal é visto por muitos como uma oportunidade para o cometimento de crimes, portanto, o problema e objeto central da presente investigação trata-se do surgimento da bitcoin, que em razão de suas caraterísticas únicas trouxe consigo novos desafios ao Direito Penal. Desta forma, questiona-se: pode a bitcoin facilitar o cometimento do crime de lavagem de dinheiro? Tem-se como hipótese que a bitcoin em razão de suas características, em especial as relativas à descentralização, poderia facilitar o cometimento do crime de lavagem de dinheiro, vez que um dinheiro oriundo de crime poderia se transformar em bitcoins, perdendo, portanto, o vínculo com o crime anterior praticado, ou seja, ocorrendo neste caso a lavagem de dinheiro utilizando-se da bitcoin. No tocante a metodologia, será utilizado o método lógico dedutivo a partir da revisão bibliográfica, buscando conceitos técnicos tanto da tecnologia quanto do Direito. Como resultado, a pesquisa demonstrou a hipótese como parcialmente verdadeira, pois, embora a bitcoin seja um facilitador, na realidade não é o melhor facilitador por ter formas de rastreio das transações realizadas, ficando atrás de métodos tradicionais utilizados pelo crime, como por exemplo, a lavagem de dinheiro com moedas correntes.
A discriminação na sociedade da informação: reflexões sobre o pensamento de Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Do Amaral Rodrigo Macario Vieira
Published: December 2022

Publicado em 1755, em um período pré-revolução francesa, o “Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens”, foi escrito por Rousseau como resposta ao questionamento feito pela Academia de Dijon em 1753, que lançou um concurso para que pensadores refletissem e apresentassem qual é a origem da desigualdade entre os homens e se ela é autorizada pela lei natural.  Em seu texto, Rousseau parte da premissa de que existem dois tipos de desigualdades na espécie humana: (i) natural ou física, presente no estado de natureza, que não passa de simples diferenças de idade, saúde, força, gênero, dentre outras; e (ii) moral ou política, que decorre dos diferentes privilégios que alguns usufruem em detrimento dos demais, onde alguns são mais ricos, mais honrados, mais poderosos que outros.  Para Rousseau, o ser humano (denominado na obra como “homem”) deixou de viver em um estado de equilíbrio na natureza e passou a viver dentro do estado social que é caracterizado pela abundância e pela ausência, para que alguém seja considerado belo, alguém precisa ser considerado feio, a honra existe em contraposição à vergonha, a riqueza e a pobreza, e assim sucessivamente. Desse modo, o desequilíbrio fomenta na sociedade sentimentos de inveja, vaidade, avareza e, consequentemente, cria um estado violento, com alta criminalidade e insegurança.  O principal ponto de virada entre o estado de natureza e a sociedade civil, para Rousseau, foi a criação da propriedade privada, que estruturou a sociedade da época. O presente artigo pretende analisar a obra de Rousseau acrescentando-lhe um novo elemento inexistente na época em que o texto foi escrito, a Internet. Assim como a propriedade privada, partimos da premissa que a Internet é um dos elementos estruturais da revolução tecnológica que originou uma nova forma de organização da sociedade, calcada na informação, denominada de Sociedade da Informação. Para tanto, este artigo foi dividido em cinco partes: (i) capitulo preliminar, onde estão estabelecidas as premissas do estudo e a relação entre a sociedade civil descrita por Rousseau e a Sociedade da Informação; (ii) no capitulo 1 é feita uma análise mais aprofundada da obra do Rousseau, apresentando as principais ideias do autor, (iii) o capitulo 2 é um capitulo de transição, em que é feita uma breve análise evolutiva da sociedade até chegarmos na Sociedade da Informação; (iv) no capitulo 3 apresentamos a Sociedade da Informação e os efeitos das desigualdades existentes na sociedade; e (v) por fim, apresentamos as considerações finais.
A eficácia da Lei 12990/14 (lei de cotas raciais nos concursos públicos) para os pardos
Authors: Fonseca Luma Vilela Ramos , Piumbini Ronan Sulivan Santana
Published: December 2022

Em uma sociedade plural como a brasileira, questões raciais são discussão rotineira. Em prol da reparação histórica, necessária devido a séculos de escravidão, criou-se, ao longo de nossa história, várias leis tentando trazer igualdade. A Constituição Federal de 88 traz em suas primeiras páginas princípios e objetivos claros no sentido de igualdade em todas as esferas, sobretudo a racial. Desta forma, foi promulgada a lei 12990/14, objeto do presente estudo. A lei em comento foi alvo de diversos questionamentos até chegar ao STF que pacificou o entendimento de sua constitucionalidade bem como deu parâmetros para sua aplicação. No entanto, persiste até hoje uma lacuna causada pelo excesso de subjetividade nas decisões das comissões de avaliação da condição de preto/pardo em diversos concursos públicos. Com uma visão de “o candidato tem ou não cara de preto” que tem como fundamento o fenótipo do candidato, as decisões das comissões são alvo comum de questionamento no judiciário que vem modificando seu entendimento de modo a trazer pacificação social a este tema controvertido.
Terotecnologia e termografia para monitorar condições operacionais e a vida útil de empilhadeiras em tempo real
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandre José , Moura Roque Antônio de , Souza Valter João de , Richetto Marco Rogério da Silva , Silva Messias Borges
Published: December 2022

A era digital tem catalisado os processos e protocolos que visam reduzir custos operacionais e logísticos por viabilizar o controle em tempo real de máquinas e veículos. Nesse sentido, a manutenção de veículos industriais como das empilhadeiras, busca-se extrair ao máximo a vida útil aumentando o tempo entre falhas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é divulgar o uso da terotecnologia no acompanhamento em tempo real das condições operacionais e vida útil de veículos industriais, as empilhadeiras. A terotecnologia tem suas premissas na manutenções preditiva e preventiva, afastando a ideia de correrias e interrupções durante operações, minimizando o emprego da manutenção corretiva não programada. A metodologia adotada conta com pesquisa bibliográfica na base Scopus e relato da aplicação da terotecnologia utilizando-se uma câmera termográfica da marca Fluke que é capaz de demonstrar um mapa de distribuição de cores, selecionando diferentes escalas de cores e as correlacionando com temperatura de trabalho. O resultado foi uma redução no tempo de verificação da empilhadeira e determinar um padrão de temperatura de trabalho, ou seja de 80 a 90 °C, após quatro horas de operação ininterruptas, a probabilidade entre ocorrências alta, baixa, inesperada e programada de manutenção corretiva. Conclui-se que é possível programar intervenções de manutenção e reduzir os riscos de uma manutenção corretiva não programada, o que é extremamente nociva para todo o sistema produtivo e atendimento aos prazos dos clientes.
Pelatihan dan pendampingan guru dalam pembuatan media pembelajaran interaktif
Authors: Itqan Moh. Syadidul , Vaidah Noer , Fatimah Siti , Rohaenti Novita
Published: December 2022

Model pembelajaran yang digunakan selama masa pandemi covid-19 oleh MAN 1 Probolinggo menggunakan model pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas. Metode pembelajaran konvensional yang masih digunakan oleh sebagian Guru MAN 1 Probolinggo membuat beberapa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi matematika. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mmemberikan peningkatan dalam : (1) kemampuan guru dalam mendesain media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis komputer; (2) kemampuan guru melaksanakan, melatih, serta merespon guru MAN 1 Probolinggo dalam program ini, meliputi pemanfaatan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis komputer. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM ini yaitu metode deskrptif. Tahapan pelaksanaan program yang digunakan yaitu sosialisasi, pematerian, pelatihan, pendampingan, serta evaluasi. Program PkM dilaksanakan dalam 5 kali tatap muka, tatap muka pertama kegiatan penyajian materi, serta tatap muka kedua berupa pendampingan pembuatan media pembelajaran sampai selesai, dan kegiatan penutup dilaksanakan evaluasi yang berupa kegiatan peserta mendeskripsikan media pembelajaran yang sudah dikembangkan serta tanggapan Guru MAN 1 Probolinggo terhadap pelatihan melalui pengisian angket. Hasil Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini ialah telah dihasilkan beberapa media pembelajaran oleh Guru MAN 1 Probolinggo. Selain itu, Peserta program PkM ini menyatakan bahwa peserta tertarik mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis android.
Elderly Aged People’s Diet Peculiarities and Genetic Characteristics of Antioxidant Protection
Authors: Воронина Л.П. , Михаленко Е.П. , Кильчевский А.В. , Андреева И.Н.
Published: December 2022

Во многих научных центрах мира проводится активный поиск генов, влияющих на продолжительность жизни человека, но к настоящему времени полученные результаты неоднозначны. Поэтому важной целью является исследование полиморфизма генов – кандидатов старения. Цель данной работы состояла в характеристике особенностей питания во взаимосвязи с показателями антиоксидантной защиты и генетических характеристик обмена веществ у лиц старших возрастных групп.

An active search of genes which influence life span is being held in the world scientific centers but by now the received results are ambiguous. That’s why the study of polymorphism of aging and longevity genes candidates is a very important issue. The aim of present work was to describe diet peculiarities in connection with elderly aged people’s state factors, antioxidant protection and metabolism genetic characteristics.
Sex and gender differences in frailty in patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Барбараш О. Л. , Кривошапова К.Е.
Published: December 2022

В обзоре представлены половые и гендерные особенности как ключевые факторы, влияющие на развитие процесса патологического старения организма. Освещены последние данные о роли различных факторов риска развития синдрома старческой астении как вероятных причин неравенства проявлений «хрупкости» у мужчин и женщин с различными сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Проанализированы данные о гендерном неравенстве в частоте выявления синдрома старческой астении и связанного с ним парадокса между уровнем здоровья и показателями смертности. Выявлены причины, лежащие в основе противоречивых результатов, полученных в ходе некоторых исследований. Для поиска литературы использовали систему PubMed.

The review describes sexual and gender differences as key factors affecting the pathological aging processes. The latest data presenting risk factors as possible causes of inequality in frailty in men and women with cardiovascular diseases are given. Data on gender inequality in detection of frailty and the associated paradox between health status and mortality rates are analyzed. The reasons for the contradictory results of previous studies have been identified. PubMed was used for literature searching.
Pengaruh Laju Alir Terhadap Penurunan Pengotor Limbah Laundry Metode Elektrokoagulasi Kontinyu Berpengaduk
Authors: Ngatin Agustinus , Nugraha Adi Rizki , Gozali Mukhtar , Priyambudi Ageng , Hariyadi Tri , Sihombing Rony Pasonang , Yusuf Yusmardhany , Jayanti Retno Dwi , Indarti Retno
Published: December 2022

Limbah laundry dapat menjadi masalah serius bagi lingkungan jika dibuang tanpa pengolahan. Masalah yang timbul diantaranya nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), fosfat, dan kekeruhan yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mempelajari pengaruh laju alir terhadap efisiensi penurunan kadar kekeruhan, COD, dan TSS, serta menentukan kondisi optimalnya dengan alat elektrokoagulasi kontinyu berpengaduk. Reaktornya adalah reaktor berkapasitas 10 L dilengkapi pengaduk 180 rpm, pompa peristaltik, rectifier dan 3 pasang elektroda Alumunium dengan ketebalan 0,3x15x15cm yang disusun secara monopolar. Percobaan variasi laju alir (115mL/menit, 170 mL/menit, 340mL/menit) dilakukan dengan rapat arus tetap (70 A/m2), dengan waktu operasi 60 menit untuk setiap variasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada laju tinggi (340 mL/menit) dan laju rendah (115 mL/menit) menghasilkan efisiensi penurunan pengotor yang rendah dan laju alir terbaik ditunjukkan pada 170 mL/menit. Kondisi optimal terjadi pada laju alir 170 mL/menit pada rapat 70 A/m2 menghasilkan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan, COD, dan TSS berturut-turut 89,35%, 73,33%, dan 99,26%.

Laundry waste can be a serious problem for the environment if it is disposed of without treatment. Problems that arise include the value of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), phosphate, and high turbidity. The aims of the research were to study the effect of flow rate and current density on the efficiency of reducing turbidity, COD, and TSS levels, and to determine the optimal conditions using a continuous stirred electrocoagulation device. The reaktor used is a reaktor with a capacity of 10 L equipped with a 180 rpm stirrer, a peristaltic pump, a rectifier and 3 pairs of aluminum electrodes with a thickness of 0.3x15x15cm arranged in a monopolar manner. The flow rate variation experiment was carried out with a constant current density (70 A/m2), and the current density variation experiment was carried out with a fixed flow rate (170 ml/minute) with an operating time of 60 minutes for each variation. The results of the flow rate variation showed that at a high rate (340 ml/min) and a low rate (115 ml/min) resulted in a low impurity reduction efficiency, the best flow rate was shown at 170 ml/min. The results of the current density variation show that the increase in impurity reduction efficiency occurs as the current density increases, the best results occur at a current density of 70 A/m2. Optimal conditions occurred at a flow rate of 170 ml/min at a rate of 70 A/m2 resulting in the efficiency of reducing turbidity, COD, and TSS respectively 89.35%, 73.33%, and 99.26%.
Uji Kinerja Fermentor Kopi Skala UMKM dalam Fermentasi Kopi Arabika untuk Menghasilkan Cultured Coffee
Authors: Hariyadi Tri , Nur Salsabila Zahra , Maulani Gianistri , Keryanti
Published: December 2022

Coffee farmer in Babakan Kertasari Village requires a fermenter that can ferment 100 kg of coffee cherries per day to fulfill the market demand. Therefore, the object of this study is to make a coffee fermenter with SMEs scale and to evaluate the performance of the fermenter with the addition of 130 ml/L of Local Microorganism (MOL) made from fermented cassava (cassava tape). Fermentation was carried out for 72 hours in room temperature and in semi-aerobic condition with 14 kg of coffee cherries in SMEs scale fermenter. Evaluation of the fermenter performance was done by analysing pH and ethanol content and organoleptic test of taste and aroma of fermented coffee. The result of analysis shows that fermented Arabica coffee which called cultured coffee fulfilled the National Indonesian Standard (SNI) with pH greater than 4 and caffeine content of 1.97%. Organoleptic test showed that 56% of panellists really like the aroma and 24% of panellists really like the taste of cultured coffee.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut Pada Balita
Authors: Maghdalia  , Pradiva Dwi Lestari  , Merisa Rizki
Published: December 2022

Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) dengan angka kematian balita di atas 40 per 1000 kelahiran hidup ialah 15%-20%. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) ialah infeksi saluran pernapasan yang berlansung sampai 14 hari. Faktor Penyebab kejadian ISPA yaitu umur balita, berat badan lahir dan status ASI ekslusif. Tujuaan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Umur balita, Berat Badan lahir dan Status ASI Ekslusif secara parsial dengan kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Terhadap Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka Tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian penelitian ini ialah jenis pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan Desain penelitiannya menggunakan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh balita yang berobat ke Puskesmas Sungailiat dari bulan Januari-Mei 2021 dengan berjumlah 420 Balita. Teknik sampling Systematic Random sampling dengan sampel 81 responden. Analisa data dengan Analisis Univariat dan Analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan antara umur balita (p value= 0,004), berat badan lahir (p value= 0,004) dan status ASI ekslusif (p value= 0,003) dengan kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Terhadap Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka Tahun 2021. Diharapkan Penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat untuk berbagai pihak terutama tempat penelitian agar dapat lebih meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatannya terutama dalam menangani kejadian ISPA.
Pengaruh Konseling Kontrasepsi Hormonal Terhadap Pengetahuan Akseptor Keluarga Berencana
Authors: Siti Amallia  , Yessy Octa Fristika
Published: December 2022

Menurut World Health Organization, 2017 penggunaan kontrasepsi telah meningkat di banyak bagian dunia, terutama di Asia dan Amerika Latin dan terendah di Sub-Sahara Afrika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai rata-rata pengetahuansebelumdan setelahdiberikan konseling kontrasepsi hormonal serta untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah diberikan konseling. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 21 hari menggunakan metode pre eksperiment dengan bentuk desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one group- pretest-postest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua akseptor keluarga berencana yang berkunjung ke RB Citra Palembang dengan jumlah sampel minimal yang diambil sebanyak 30 responden berdasarkan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh konseling terhadap pengetahuan akseptor keluarga berencana kontrasepsi hormonal di RB Citra Palembang, dengan nilai ρ value 0,003(α=0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata nilai pengetahuan sebelum diberikan konseling kontrasepsi hormonal adalah 7,53 yang diperoleh dari 15 pertanyaan kuesioner dengan nilai standar deviasi 1,106 sedangkan rata-rata nilai pengetahuan setelah diberikan konseling kontrasepsi hormonal adalah 10,70 yang diperoleh dari 15 pertanyaan kuesioner dengan nilai standar deviasi 1,208 dan ada pengaruh konseling kontrasepsi hormonal terhadap pengetahuan akseptor keluarga berencana di RB Citra Palembang dengan ρ value = 0,003. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk dapat meningkatkan konseling pada akseptor pengguna kontrasepsi agar dapat mewujudkan keberhasilan program pelayanan kesehatan khususnya dalam bidan keluarga berencana, menambah pengetahuan akseptor sehingga tidak salah memilihalatkontrasepsi.
Modern problems and areas of training specialists in the field of disinfectology
Authors:   Russian medical Academy of continuous education of Ministry of healthcare of Russian Federation, Tatyana Ivanovna Avdyukhina , Andrey Anatolevich Androsov ,   Russian medical Academy of continuous education of Ministry of healthcare of Russian Federation, Tatyana Viktorovna Gololobova ,   Russian medical Academy of continuous education of Ministry of healthcare of Russian Federation, Anatoliy Semenovich Dovgalev ,   Russian medical Academy of continuous education of Ministry of healthcare of Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the current problems of training medical personnel in the field of disinfection, the role of the quality of training specialists in the implementation of professional activities, the requirements for the development and implementation of educational programs of training in residency and additional professional programs, the features of maintaining modern databases on the education of specialists. Algorithms of formation by specialists and personnel services of applications for training in additional professional programs on the portal of continuous medical education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation are presented. Keywords: disinfection, education programs, quality training RMACPE/FGBOU DPO RMANPO of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Non-Valvüler Atriyal Fibrilasyonlu Hastalarda ATRIA Skoru ile CRP/Albumin Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Serhat , ATAY Mehmet , ALTUN Şenel
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Atriyal fibrilasyon (AF) erişkin popülasyonda en sık görülen aritmi olup tromboemboli riskinde önemli artışa sebep olmaktadır. ATRIA risk skorlaması AF hastalarında tromboemboli riskini değerlendirmek için geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda AF saptanan hastalarda, ATRIA risk skoru ile C-reaktif peptid (CRP)/Albumin oranı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamıza Aralık 2015-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında non-valvüler AF’u olan 240 hasta alındı. Hastaların klinik bilgileri ve tetkik sonuçları hastane bilgi sisteminden retrospektif olarak taranarak ATRIA skorları hesaplandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 240 hasta alındı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 67.35±9.5 olup, %42.9’u erkek idi. Hastaları %27.9’unda diyabetes mellitus, %44.2’sinde hipertansiyon, %24.2’sinde hiperlipidemi, %32.1’inde koroner arter hastalığı mevcuttu. ATRIA skoruna göre yüksek riskli grubun daha yüksek glukoz, kreatinin, CRP ve CRP/Albumin oranına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Korelasyon analizinde, ATRIA skoru ve CRP/Albumin oranı arasında pozitif korelasyon tespit edildi (r=0.687; p=0.001; p<0.01). Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde, yaş, CRP, CRP/Albumin oranı, diyabet ve hipertansiyonun ATRIA skorunun bağımsız belirleyicileri olarak saptandı. Roc analizinde eğri altında kalan alan trombosit lenfosit oranı için 0.964 (0.941-0.988, p<0.001 ), CRP/Albumin oranının yüksek ATRIA skorunu predikte ettiği kesim değeri %93.8 sensivite, %93.1 spesifite ile 0.093 bulundu.
Sonuç: CRP ve albumin düzeyleri kanda kolaylıkla bakılabilen parametrelerdir. Çalışmamızda CRP/Albumin oranının ATRİA risk skoru ile korelasyon gösterdiği bulundu. AF saptanan hastalarda tromboemboli açısından riskli grubun tayininde skorlama sistemine ek olarak ATRIA risk skorunun da kullanılabileceği kanaatindeyiz.