bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between benzodiazepine prescriptions and the risk of laxative use in schizophrenia treatment
Authors: Ochi Shinichiro , Tsuboi Takashi , Hasegawa Naomi , Hori Hikaru , Ichihashi Kayo , Imamura Yayoi , Okada Tsuyoshi , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Saito Yoshitaka , Iga Jun‐ichi , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Atake Kiyokazu , Ueno Shu‐ichi , Hashimoto Ryota , Yasui‐Furukori Norio
Published: November 2024

Aim

Constipation is one of the most common adverse effects in schizophrenia treatment, and it can sometimes cause severe gastrointestinal disease. However, the results of association studies between constipation and psychotropic medications in patients with schizophrenia are inconsistent. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of psychotropic and laxative prescriptions at discharge in patients with schizophrenia to clarify the association between psychotropics and constipation.

Methods

We analyzed the data of 139 patients with schizophrenia with or without laxative prescriptions at discharge from eight institutions in 2020.

Results

Sixty‐two patients were prescribed laxatives at discharge. The prescription of benzodiazepines in the laxative use group (66.1%) was significantly higher than that in the non‐laxative use group (39.0%) (p = 1.4 × 10−3), and the mean number of benzodiazepines in the laxative use group (1.2 ± 1.1/day) was significantly higher than that in the non‐laxative use group (0.7 ± 0.9/day) (p = 2.6 × 10−3). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that benzodiazepine prescriptions were significantly associated with laxative usage (odds ratio, 3.059; 95% confidence interval, 1.523–6.144; p = 2.0 × 10−3).

Conclusion

Benzodiazepines may be associated with constipation in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, clinicians should be cautious when prescribing benzodiazepines for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Distinct Chemical Determinants are Essential for Achieving Ligands for Superior Optical Detection of Specific Amyloid‐β Deposits in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wu Xiongyu , Shirani Hamid , Vidal Ruben , Ghetti Bernardino , Ingelsson Martin , Klingstedt Therése , Nilsson K. Peter R.
Published: November 2024

Aggregated forms of different proteins are common hallmarks for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and ligands that selectively detect specific protein aggregates are vital. Herein, we investigate the molecular requirements of thiophene‐vinyl‐benzothiazole based ligands to detect a specific type of Aβ deposits found in individuals with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease caused by the Arctic APP E693G mutation. The staining of these Aβ deposits was alternated when switching the terminal heterocyclic moiety attached to the thiophene‐vinyl‐benzothiazole scaffold. The most prevalent staining was observed for ligands having a terminal 3‐methyl‐1H‐indazole moiety or a terminal 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene moiety, verifying that specific molecular interactions between these ligands and the aggregates were necessary. The synthesis of additional thiophene‐vinyl‐benzothiazole ligands aided in pinpointing additional crucial chemical determinants, such as positioning of nitrogen atoms and methyl substituents, for achieving optimal staining of Aβ aggregates. When combining the optimized thiophene‐vinyl‐benzothiazole based ligands with a conventional ligand, CN‐PiB, distinct staining patterns were observed for sporadic Alzheimer's disease versus dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease caused by the Arctic APP E693G mutation. Our findings provide chemical insights for developing novel ligands that allow for a more precise assignment of Aβ deposits, and might also aid in creating novel agents for clinical imaging of distinct Aβ aggregates in AD.
Recycling of biodegradable biobased polymer/agave fiber biocomposites
Authors: Pérez‐Fonseca Aida Alejandra , Reynoso‐Llamas Carina , Robledo‐Ortíz Jorge Ramón , Rodrigue Denis , Martín del Campo Alan Salvador
Published: November 2024

Biodegradable biobased polymers are a promising solution to reduce the dependence on conventional plastics and minimize their environmental impact. This work evaluated the recycling capacity of a biodegradable polymer (MaterBi) and its composite with agave fibers. The materials were reprocessed by several cycles using compression molding. Service life simulation was performed using accelerated weathering. Samples from each reprocessing cycle were characterized in terms of melt flow index (MFI), color, porosity, water absorption, compostability, and mechanical and thermal properties. The MFI of MaterBi increased with each cycle, going from 3.5 to 95 g/10 min for the first to sixth cycles and from 2 to 117 g/10 min for the first and fourth cycles for the biocomposite. Reprocessing produced chain scission and modified the thermal and mechanical properties. MaterBi exhibited competitive mechanical properties compared to conventional polymers, even after four reprocessing cycles (tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 27, 55 MPa, and 30 J/m). Besides potential cost reductions, the agave fiber addition positively affected the tensile and flexural modulus, which remained after the fourth cycle in 1100 and 2300 MPa. The results confirmed that MaterBi and its biocomposites can be recycled for several cycles, extending their useful life before final biodegradation.

Highlights

MaterBi (MB) and its agave fiber biocomposites are suitable for reprocessing.

MB tensile and flexural properties remained stable after four reprocessing cycles.

Agave fibers make MB more prone to weathering, impacting its properties.

MB and its biocomposites degrade in water and compost conditions.
Investigation on physical and mechanical behavior of nano‐silica particle filled woven jute/kenaf hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Sagari Kare Vidya , Prasad Kalapala
Published: November 2024

Hybrid composites have attracted considerable interest from researchers due to their balanced combination of ecological and mechanical properties. This paper examines the physical and mechanical behavior of hybrid composites reinforced with nano‐silica and woven jute/kenaf fiber. The hybrid composites were fabricated using hand layup techniques with varying weight percentages of nano‐silica (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt%) and three different fiber layering sequences (JKJK, JKKJ, and KJJK). The mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength, impact resistance, and hardness, along with the physical properties such as density and moisture absorption, are evaluated for the fabricated composite samples. The jute/kenaf composite fabricated with KJJK layering sequence and 4.5 wt% nano‐silica particles exhibited reduced void content (1.983%) and low moisture absorption (4.87%). The addition of 4.5 wt% nano‐silica to KJJK composites achieved a maximum tensile strength of 86.38 ± 2.9 MPa and a maximum tensile modulus of 4.238 ± 0.094 GPa. In KJJK hybrid composites, the incorporation of 4.5 wt% nano‐silica led to a 70.11% increase in flexural strength and a 47.05% increase in flexural modulus. Surface morphological analysis of the specimens was conducted using SEM to examine cracks, fiber pullout, and different failure modes within the hybrid composite.

Highlights

Developed the jute/kenaf composites with 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt% of nano‐silica.

Nano‐silica into jute/kenaf composites reduced void content and moisture absorption.

The composites with 4.5 wt% nano‐silica had better mechanical properties.

Layering sequence jute and kenaf affect the mechanical properties.

Morphological analysis confirms the improved adhesion with nano‐silica.
Qualitative Analysis of Daphnane Diterpenoids in Various Parts of Daphne pontica L. by UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS
Authors: Onder Alev , Otsuki Kouharu , Zhang Mi , Avci Eda , Kikuchi Takashi , Li Wei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Daphne pontica L. is an evergreen shrub that is recorded as an anti‐diarrheic plant in Turkish folk medicine. Previous studies on D. pontica have reported, albeit slightly, the isolation of daphnane diterpenoids, but no systematic phytochemical analysis of daphnane diterpenoids has been conducted.

Objective

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate daphnane diterpenoids in the extracts from the different parts (stems, leaves, and fruits) of D. pontica.

Methods

An ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q‐Exactive hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS) was used for the qualitative analysis of D. pontica. The stems, leaves, and fruits of D. pontica were extracted with diethyl ether. Each extract was then pretreated by a solid phase extraction cartridge and subjected to LC–MS/MS analysis. Detected daphnane diterpenoids were tentatively identified by comparison with an in‐house daphnane library, and their chemical structures were estimated in detail by MS/MS fragmentation evaluation.

Results

A total of 33 kinds of daphnanes were identified from the different parts of D. pontica, and were classified into three subtypes: daphnane orthoester, polyhydroxy daphnane, and macrocyclic daphnane orthoester. Among them, six daphnanes were postulated to be previously unreported compounds based on MS/MS fragmentation elucidation. Furthermore, the three plant parts showed similar daphnane diterpenoid profiles, with the stems containing the most abundant daphnane diterpenoids.

Conclusion

This is the first study to perform qualitative analysis of daphnane diterpenoids systematically and comprehensively in different parts of D. pontica. The results revealed that D. pontica is a plant resource rich in a variety of daphnane diterpenoids.
Metabolite Profiling and Integrated Network Pharmacology Based Mechanism of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Fruit Against Non‐insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Das Gupta Barun , Kar Amit , Singha Seha , Gayen Srijon , Jana Sandipan , Sharma Nanaocha , Haldar Pallab K. , Mukherjee Pulok Kumar
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an essential food plant in India possessing antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities.

Objective

The objective included comparative estimation of α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase enzyme inhibition potential of B. hispida fractions prepared by microwave‐assisted extraction and prediction of metabolite interaction against non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus by metabolite profiling based network pharmacology analysis.

Methods

A validated microwave‐assisted extraction method was employed to obtain different fractions of B. hispida fruits. The in vitro enzyme assay was done with p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside and acarbose as standard to evaluate antidiabetic potential. The phytomolecules present in the active fraction were identified by UHPLC‐QToF‐MS/MS analysis. Network pharmacology analysis gave possible gene and disease association, combination synergy network, and predicted probable mechanism of action.

Results

The highest enzyme inhibition potential (IC50) was shown by the ethyl acetate fraction (0.546 ± 0.17 mg/mL and 1.134 ± 0.42 mg/mL) compared to acarbose (0.298 ± 0.08 mg/mL and 0.532 ± 0.38 mg/mL), respectively, for α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase addressing the potential role in ameliorating non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolite profiling resulted in the identification of 17 metabolites, and a synergy between the identified molecules suggested multimolecule action in the amelioration of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus through insulin resistance pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and PI3K–Akt signaling pathway. Combination synergy of identified molecules was observed through a multitarget approach to manage non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion

Polyphenol‐enriched fraction of B. hispida fruits and identified phytocompounds ameliorate non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Thus, enriched extract of B. hispida can be further investigated in order to develop high‐quality, safe, and effective products for the management of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus.
A sustainable hybrid strengthening/stiffening approach for injection molded polypropylene matrix thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ariturk Gizem Semra , Bilge Kaan , Girisken Cagla , Seven Senem Avaz , Menceloglu Yusuf Ziya
Published: November 2024

Hybrid interaction/co‐working mechanisms of waste cellulose (WC) fibers and expanded vermiculite (V) in polypropylene (PP) resulted in stronger, stiffer, and thermally durable composites are presented. Fibrous WC and particulate V inclusions were mixed with the PP matrix via high shear thermokinetic mixer under 4000 rpm. Thermal and mechanical characterization efforts assisted with fractographic investigations are performed on five sample sets such as (i) two‐phase WC fibrous PP composites and (ii) three‐phase WC–V hybrid composites. Results suggested that as the main reinforcement agent WC is able to increase the axial stiffness of PP (1.7 GPa) up to 4 GPa (30WC) as the weight fraction increases with a reduction in ductility. However, a strength threshold due to WC cluster entanglement, which leaves partially non‐wet clusters of WC and limited crystallization volume for PP at high WC weight fractions, is noted. In situ formed V platelets placed between WC fibers are proven to provide PP crystallization loci to further increase the axial stiffness (4.1 GPa) and matrix brittleness. When used with 10WC, they significantly increased the ability of PP matrix r to resist the failure events associated with the presence of randomly aligned WC fibers. Such ability is further highlighted in the 20WC10V case where the inherent problem of WC entanglement increased the contribution of polymer shear failure to the overall tensile response of manufactured composites. A significant increase in tensile strength (55%) for this case was recorded which makes the proposed hybridization effort more advantageous to conventional short fiber reinforcing strategies.

Highlights

Stiffer and stronger PP‐based hybrid composites with waste cellulose and vermiculite.

Tensile failure/toughening mechanisms in hybrid PP composites

Sustainable approach for reinforcement selection.
Proteome integral solubility alteration via label‐free DIA approach (PISA‐DIA), game changer in drug target deconvolution
Authors: Ser Zheng , Sobota Radoslaw M.
Published: November 2024

Drug protein‐target identification in past decades required screening compound libraries against known proteins to determine drugs binding to specific protein. Protein targets used in drug‐target screening were selected predominantly used laborious genetic manipulation assays. In 2013, a team led by Pär Nordlund from Karolinska Institutet (Stockholm, Sweden) developed Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA), a method which, for the first time, enabled the possibility of drug protein‐target identification in the complex cellular proteome. High throughput, quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics appeared as a compatible analytical method of choice to complement CETSA, aka Thermal Protein Profiling assay (TPP). Since the seminal CETSA‐MS/ TPP‐MS publications, different protein‐target deconvolution strategies emerged including Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA). The work of Emery–Corbin et al. (Proteomics 2024, 2300644), titled Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration via label‐free DIA approach (PISA‐DIA), introduces Data–Independent Acquisition (DIA) as a quantification method, opening new avenues in drug target‐deconvolution field. Application of DIA for target deconvolution offers attractive alternative to widely used data dependent methodology.
Stability Optimization for Perovskite Solar Cells with Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Zheng Yiming , Ran Yue , Xu Faming , Zhang Tonggui , Liu Yang , Li Yahong , Li Xiaofang , Li Guixiang , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Yang Feng , Li Meng
Published: November 2024

Metal halide perovskites, an emerging photovoltaic material, have attracted significant attention in the industry and academia due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, perovskite solar cells’ (PSCs) stability has become the biggest obstacle to commercialization despite the progress in their commercial development. Interface engineering, doping, and novel charge‐transport materials are effective approaches to enhance the stability of PSCs. Since discovering graphene as a single‐layer material, researchers have favored two‐dimensional (2D) materials for their outstanding physical and chemical properties. In the continuous development of PSCs, 2D materials offer tunable functional groups, tunable energy levels, high charge transfer capabilities, and extraordinary physical characteristics such as thermal conductivity and hydrophobicity. They serve as effective materials to improve the stability of PSCs. Different types of 2D materials may exhibit unprecedented effects through different functional designs. In this review, the specific mechanisms through which 2D materials enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are focused on and recent advancements in improving PSC stability across various dimensions are summarized, including photo, thermal, and environmental stability, and the potential applications of different types of 2D materials are discussed. Finally, insights are offered into addressing stability‐related challenges in PSCs. This comprehensive approach aims to guide future research efforts in optimizing both the stability and performance of PSCs through the integration of 2D materials.
Intelligent Prediction on Cement Take of Dam Foundation Grouting Based on GOA-ELM Model
Authors: Zhu Yushan , Yang Zhu , Huang Jian
Published: November 2024

Accurate and reasonable cement take prediction is of great significance for effective control of dam foundation grouting quality and cost. This article combined the previous research results and engineering practice to explore the different influencing factors of cement take, and conducted parameter correlation analysis to determine the input parameters for prediction. Then, an intelligent prediction model for cement take based on improved extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed, which uses the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to optimize its input weights w and hidden layer thresholds b. Finally, taking sets of cement take data from a real dam foundation project as an example to verify the performance of the proposed prediction model, the results illustrates that the proposed model has good prediction accuracy and can assist grouting engineers in adjusting grouting construction design and controlling grouting quality, which has a wide application prospect.
Research on Excavation Deformation of Foundation Pit Based on Seepage and Stress Coupling
Authors: Hu Linhao , Zhao Xuejin , Li Zihao , Zhang Kunyong
Published: November 2024

In order to study the effect of seepage and stress coupling on excavation deformation of foundation pit, finite element numerical analysis method is used in this paper, taking a hanging water curtain foundation pit project under construction in the rich water stratum area of the Yangtze River floodplain as an example. By comparing the deformation index of the surrounding surface settlement foundation pit with different models, the law of the influence of seepage on the deformation of foundation pit excavation is obtained. The results show that when there is no foundation pit dewatering requirement and the support stiffness is large enough, the settlement caused by the release of ground loss stress is small, and the surface settlement curve around the foundation pit is parabolic. When there is precipitation in the pit and considering the support stiffness is large enough, the surrounding surface settlement caused by foundation pit construction is triangular in distribution. The calculation and analysis of foundation pit excavation considering the coupling of seepage and stress in actual excavation construction show that the surrounding surface settlement curve is a combination of the above two settlement characteristics, and the numerical and curve characteristics are coupled.
Study on Evolution and Prediction of the Yellow River Estuary Wetland
Authors: Wu Linjing , Zhou Zhenmin
Published: November 2024

Estuary wetland, as an independent “living body”, has the process of geographical evolution, i.e. juvenile stages (juvenile), maturation stage (adult) and aging stage (later). Taking the Yellow River estuary wetland as a case study, this paper calculates the evolution stages of the estuary wetland by using the area-elevation integral curve and fractal theory. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) In the juvenile stage, the basin erosion are strong, estuary wetland develops quickly due to high sediment transport into the estuary area. When the basin geomorphology develops to the adult stage, the river sediment transport is stable, the estuary wetland area continues to expand at a stable speed. In the later stage, erosion from the river basin weakens, the river sediment transport decreases, the sediment transport to the estuary wetland decreases, and the wetland begins to shrink gradually. (2) Human activities directly affect the ecological environment of estuary wetlands and shorten the evolution process of estuary wetlands. (3) According to the temporal and spatial variation trend calculation on Yellow River estuary wetland, the total area of wetland in 2025 will be 2518.4 km2, of which natural wetland accounts for 1252.8 km2, the area of constructed wetland accounts for 1265.6 km2. Natural wetland begins to shrink. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect the natural wetland in the Yellow River Delta, to control the development of constructed wetland reasonably, and to realize the sustainable development of wetland ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta.
Influence of the Shihutang Navigation-Power Junction Project Operation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Ganjiang River
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhao Yuxuan
Published: November 2024

The construction of a reservoir on the river can meet the social requirements for irrigation, navigation, water supply, and power generation in the area. However, reservoir development also disrupts the natural flow continuity of the river, leading to fundamental changes in important water environmental factors such as water temperature, water quality, morphology, and water level. In this study, the Shihutang navigation-power junction project mainly affects the middle reaches of the Ganjiang River, the Wan’an to Xiajiang section is taken as the study area, and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model of the middle reach of the Ganjiang River is established. The model is calibrated and validated based on measured water level and discharge data in order to study the influence of the Shihutang navigation-power junction project operation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the middle reach of the Ganjiang River. The results show that the changes in water level, discharge, and velocity in the upstream and downstream areas are generally consistent before and after the operation of the Shihutang navigation-power junction project. The operation of the Shihutang navigation-power junction project has a significant influence on the hydrodynamic characteristics at the dam site, with the influence decreasing as the distance from the dam site increases.
Study on Linkage Alarm of Site Abnormality of Large Pumped Storage Power Station Under Video Monitoring
Authors: Cao Feng , Han Jishuang , Li Jing , Zeng Guangyong
Published: November 2024

When alarming the abnormal state of the construction site, due to the lack of systematicness in the composition analysis of specific construction safety influencing factors at different stages, the accuracy of linkage alarm is relatively high. Therefore, the study on linkage alarm of abnormal state of large pumped storage power station under video monitoring is put forward. Combined with different stages of construction, the existing factors affecting construction safety are comprehensively analyzed from three aspects: construction preparation, foundation and main structure. Based on the image information collected by video surveillance, the existence state of safety influencing factors in the video surveillance picture is identified through the convolution layer including the upper and lower layers, and the operation content that needs to be alarmed at the construction site is determined by combining the correlation between safety influencing factors. In the test results, the design of linkage alarm method not only has high stability for the overall accuracy of alarm in different test conditions, but also keeps above 90.0% all the time.
Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Waves in Hangzhou Bay Based on ERA5 Wind Field
Authors: Zheng Guodan , Chen Taoxiao , Shi Yuan , Liu Ye , Yang Yuanping
Published: November 2024

On the basis of 30-year observed ERA5 wind field analysis data, the wave changes around Hangzhou Bay are generated based on SWAN model. The wave rose diagrams of different locations in Hangzhou Bay have been drawn, the seasonal and interannual variation characteristics of wave height are analyzed. Several results are followed. (1) The direction of dominate wave located in the Hangzhou Bay head are NE and ENE, whereas the strongest wave direction is NE; Meanwhile, in the middle of Bay, the dominate wave direction, which on the northern side are E and ESE, in middle are ENE and E, and on the southern side are NE and ENE. The strongest wave direction from north to south are ESE, E and ENE respectively. In the inlet, the dominate wave direction, which on the northern side are ENE and E, in middle are NE and ENE, and on the southern side is NNE. The strongest wave direction from north to south are ESE, E and NE respectively. (2) The trend of mean significant wave height distribution is consistent all year round. It is diffused from the inlet to the top of Hangzhou Bay. The inlet is larger than the top, and the middle is larger than both sides. The quarterly average significant wave height varies from 0.36 to 0.40 m, while the mean value in autumn is slightly higher than those in other seasons. (3) In Hangzhou Bay, there is no vertical difference on annual mean wind speed of the latest 30 years, and the general trend is relatively stable. The variation tendency of annual mean significant wave height is consistent with that of annual mean wind speed. Also it is found that the correlation between them is good with the correlation coefficient of 0.77.
Development and Application of an Intelligent Analysis System for Three-Dimensional Geological Modeling in Dredging Engineering
Authors: Lu Zheng , Sun Hui , Hao Yuchi , Zhao Guoquan , Bai He
Published: November 2024

In this manuscript, a methodology for three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization in dredging engineering was proposed to understand and analyze the spatial distribution of soil conditions in complex underwater geological settings for dredging engineering comprehensive and enhance the operational efficiency of dredgers. A three-dimensional digitized platform for dredging engineering was established by using computer technology, database management, visualization techniques and 3D geological modeling. The intelligent system of dredging engineering geological database is mainly developed using the .NET as the program development platform and C# and C++ as language. This system realizes the functions of engineering geological data storage and management, 3D geological modeling, dredging engineering analysis, and so on. The practical application showed that the system boasts not only fast 3D modeling speed, strong operability and high conformity with the actual geological situation, but also the dredging engineering analysis module, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of construction. It can meet the actual needs of dredging engineering well and has broad promotion and application prospects.
Spatio-temporal Distribution Patterns of Sediment Carrying Capacity in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Feng Le , Jin Zhongwu , Xu Quanxi , Liu Ya , Liu Yujiao
Published: November 2024

Reservoir sedimentation profoundly impacts riverbed dynamics and engineering applications, posing a dual challenge by compromising riverbed evolution and critical water storage infrastructure. The escalating loss of reservoir capacity due to sediment accumulation imperils lives, properties, and global water sustainability, undermining the reservoir’s safety role. Using the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) as a case study, we analyze extensive hydrological data from Cuntan, Qingxichang, Wanxian, and Miaohe stations (2002–2020). Our findings reveal: (1) Pre-impoundment, Qingxichang and Wanxian exhibit high sediment carrying capacities, which reduce noticeably during early impoundment. Subsequently, with the changes of pre-dam water levels, an overall decreasing trend of sediment-carrying capacity is observed, characterized by annual fluctuations, while Miaohe consistently maintains a lower level due to its proximity. (2) Wanxian experiences significant sediment carrying capacity reduction during constant water level periods of various operational stage, with up to 99.4% decrease post-impoundment. (3) Sediment carrying capacity varies annually primarily due to changes of reservoir pre-dam water levels, and secondarily, owing to incoming water and sediment fluctuations. Increased influx raises sediment carrying capacity, while reduced influx decreases it. Morphological cross-section configuration emerges as a dominant factor in sediment carrying capacity, outweighing dam proximity. Wide, shallow sections have lower capacity than narrow, deep ones. For narrow, deep sections, dam proximity’s influence exceeds cross-sectional morphology.
Analysis of the Influence of Dewatering of Subway Foundation Pit on the Displacement of Surrounding Strata
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Jian Yongzhou , Xue Tangwei , Zhang Kunyong
Published: November 2024

In order to study the influence of subway foundation pit on the displacement of surrounding strata under the condition of dewatering. Based on the finite element modeling of a subway foundation pit project under construction in Nanjing, this paper discusses the influence of excavation only on the ground settlement around the subway foundation pit and the influence of dewatering foundation pit on the ground settlement around the subway foundation pit. Through the comparison of the two cases, the influence law of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the surrounding strata caused by the precipitation is analyzed. It is concluded that the vertical displacement of the surrounding strata caused by the foundation pit is larger in the case of the dewatering, and only the horizontal displacement of the excavation foundation pit is considered to be smaller.
Erratum to: Invariant tensions from holography
Authors: Bachas Constantin , Chen Zhongwu
Published: November 2024

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2024)028
The g6 pressure of hot Yang-Mills theory: canonical form of the integrand
Authors: Navarrete Pablo , Schröder York
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present major progress towards the determination of the last missing piece for the pressure of a Yang-Mills plasma at high temperatures at order g6 in the strong coupling constant. This order is of key importance due to its role in resolving the long-standing infrared problem of finite-temperature field theory within a dimensionally reduced effective field theory setup. By systematically applying linear transformations of integration variables, or momentum shifts, we resolve equivalences between different representations of Feynman sum-integrals on the integrand level, transforming those into a canonical form. At the order g6, this results in reducing a sum of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100000) distinct sum-integrals which are produced from all four-loop vacuum diagrams down to merely 21. Furthermore, we succeed to map 11 of those onto known lower-loop structures. This leaves only 10 genuine 4-loop sum-integrals to be evaluated, thereby bringing the finalization of three decades of theoretical efforts within reach.
Methoden, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören – eine quantitative Online-Befragung zu förderlichen und hinderlichen Faktoren (RauS-Studie)
Authors: Werse Bernd , Steimle Larissa , Stöver Heino
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Rauchen ist nach wie vor das größte vermeidbare Gesundheitsrisiko in Deutschland, weshalb eine höhere Erfolgsquote bei der Rauchentwöhnung der Gesundheit aller zugutekommen würde. Um dies zu erreichen, ist eine bessere Kenntnis über Rauchstoppmethoden sowie förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren beim Rauchstopp erforderlich. Daher sollte mit der RauS-Studie untersucht werden, mit welchen Methoden Rauchstoppversuche unternommen wurden, wie hilfreich diese Methoden waren und welche Faktoren dabei als förderlich bzw. hinderlich empfunden wurden.

Methoden

Von März bis Dezember 2022 wurde eine quantitative Online-Befragung unter mindestens 14-jährigen aktuellen oder ehemaligen Raucher*innen (N = 6192) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

93 % der Stichprobe haben mindestens einmal versucht, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören. Von den Befragten, die keine E‑Zigaretten/Tabakerhitzer nutz(t)en, ist die „eigene Willenskraft“ die am häufigsten genutzte und als am hilfreichsten wahrgenommene Methode. Von Personen, die E‑Zigaretten/Tabakerhitzer für einen Rauchstopp verwendet haben, werden E‑Zigaretten mit Nikotin am häufigsten genutzt und als am hilfreichsten beurteilt. Gesundheitliche Folgen werden als motivationsfördernd empfunden. An einem Rauchstopp hindern vor allem mit dem Rauchen assoziierte Rituale, während Entzugssymptome eine deutlich geringere Rolle spielen.

Diskussion

Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Fokussierung auf „Nikotinabhängigkeit“ bei der Rauchentwöhnung überdacht und soziale und rituelle Dimensionen stärker angesprochen werden sollten. E‑Zigaretten stellen zumindest für einen Teil der Betroffenen eine durchaus hilfreiche Methode zur Schadensminderung und/oder zum Rauchstopp dar.
Differences in immune-related toxicity between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Ladjevardi Cecilia Olsson , Skribek Marcus , Koliadi Anthoula , Rydén Viktoria , El-Naggar Ali Inan , Digkas Evangelos , Valachis Antonios , Ullenhag Gustav J.
Published: November 2024

Immunotherapy with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors has become an essential treatment strategy for a growing number of malignancies. These treatments have a risk for immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Pooled analyses based on clinical trials show a favorable toxicity profile for treatment with PD-L1 compared to PD-1 inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate differences in IRAEs between patients with advanced solid malignances treated with PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors in a real-world setting. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at four Swedish Regions. Patients (n = 605) treated for advanced cancer with a PD-L1 or PD-1 inhibitor in monotherapy between June 2016 and August 2022 were included. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was the most common malignant disease (n = 251; 41.5%), followed by malignant melanoma (n = 173; 28.6%), renal cell carcinoma (n = 71; 11.7%) and urothelial carcinoma (n = 35; 5.8%). Among patients receiving PD-L1 inhibitors, NSCLC (94.4%) was the predominant malignancy, whereas for those treated with PD-1 inhibitor, malignant melanoma constituted the most prevalent malignancy (34.5%). Discontinuation of treatment due to IRAEs overall and IRAEs grade ≥ 2 were significantly less common in patients treated with PD-L1 compared to PD-1 inhibitors [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.38 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.16–0.88) and OR: 0.63 (95% CI 0.35–0.98) respectively]. Any grade IRAE, IRAE grade ≥ 3 and multiple IRAEs were numerically more frequent in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.In conclusion, our study of patients with advanced solid malignancies in a real-world setting supports the results from clinical trials demonstrating a favorable toxicity profile for PD-L1 inhibitors versus PD-1 inhibitors.
Phase changes in burning precursor-laden single droplets leading to puffing and micro-explosion
Authors: Südholt Benjamin A. , Witte Arne , Smallwood Greg J. , Kaiser Sebastian A. , Mädler Lutz , Jüngst Niklas
Published: November 2024

When producing metal-oxide nanoparticles via flame spray pyrolysis, precursor-laden droplets are ignited and undergo thermally induced disintegration, called ‘puffing’ and ‘micro-explosion’. In a manner that is not fully understood, these processes are associated with the formation of dispersed phases inside the droplets. This work aims at visualizing the interior of precursor-laden burning single droplets via diffuse back illumination and microscopic high-speed imaging. Solutions containing iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (INN) and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn-EH) were dispersed into single droplets of sub-100 μm diameter that were ignited by passing through a heated coil. At low precursor concentration, 50% of the INN-laden droplets indicate a gas bubble of about 5 μm diameter in the center of the droplet. The bubble persists for several hundred microseconds at a similar size. In almost all of these cases, the bubble expands at some point and the droplet ends up in a micro-explosion. In some of these instances, the droplet’s surface shows spatial brightness modulations, i.e., surface undulations, indicating the formation of a viscous shell. With increasing INN concentration, the fraction of droplets showing surface undulations, gas bubbles, and micro-explosions drastically decreases. This may be associated with a more rigid viscous shell and reduced mobility of bubbles. Bright incandescent streaks originating from the disrupting INN-laden droplets, may indicate sub-micrometer droplets or particles from within the droplets or formed in the gas phase. In contrast, Sn-EH-laden droplets show very fast disruptions, typically less than 10 μs from first visible deformation to ejection of secondary droplets. Bubbles and surface undulations were not observed.

Graphical abstract
Treatment sequences and survival outcomes in advanced HR + HER2- breast cancer patients: a real-world cohort
Authors: Almekinders Cornelia A. M. , Lin Lishi , Beijnen Jos H. , Sonke Gabe S. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Dezentjé Vincent O.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Palliative treatment options for HR + HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients have increased, but data is lacking about the optimal treatment sequence. We used real-world data from a comprehensive cancer center to describe applied treatment sequences and we determined treatment-related and survival outcomes.

Methods

Patients aged 18 years and older with HR + HER2- ABC treated with systemic treatment were included in this historic cohort study. Sequential treatment schedules, time to treatment discontinuation, time to chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS) were determined, stratified by first-line treatment.

Results

202 patients were included. They received a total of 650 treatment lines (median 3; range: 1–11). 91 (45%), 25 (12%), 24 (12%), 28 (14%), 22 (11%) and 12 (6%) patients started first-line treatment with non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAI), NSAI + cyclin dependent kinase 4/6-inhibitors (CDK4/6i), fulvestrant + CDK4/6i, tamoxifen, chemotherapy and other treatment, respectively. 10, 13, and 14 different treatment regimens were given in first, second and third-line, respectively. Of the patients who started first-line NSAI monotherapy (n = 91), 3 (3%) died before receiving second-line treatment.

Conclusion

In this real-world cohort, we observed a wide variety of different treatment sequences applied in daily clinical practice, some of which were in discordance with the current guidelines. Fear that patients may never get around to treatment with CDK4/6i if a patient did not start with a CDK4/6i was not supported by our study results.
The Samaritan bureaucracy in international transfers
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Hall Abigail R. , Alshamy Yahya
Published: November 2024

Conventional wisdom tells us that other-regarding sentiments are desirable as they yield positive social outcomes. However, the consequences of other-regarding behaviors are broadly ambiguous and may have unintended consequences, especially when they must pass through institutional filters. In this paper, we use the Samaritan’s Dilemma model to understand the perverse unintended consequences of institutionalized commitments to resource transfers expressed through international transfer organizations (ITOs), the collection of government and non-government international organizations involved in transferring foreign assistance. To do so, we maintain the core logic of the classic Samaritan’s Dilemma model but alter its assumptions to account for two features of international transfers. First, transfers are channeled through an ITO bureaucracy, which we call a “Samaritan Bureaucracy.” Second, the recipient effects that extend beyond a single person (the target recipient) to include various heterogeneous individuals. We illustrate these effects by analyzing two different harmful recipient effects—reinforcing a corrupt status quo and exacerbating social conflict.
Approximating elements of the middle third Cantor set with dyadic rationals
Authors: Baker Simon
Published: November 2024

Let C be the middle third Cantor set and μ be the $$\frac{\log\;2}{\log\;3}$$

log

2

log

3

-dimensional Hausdorff measure restricted to C. In this paper we study approximations of elements of C by dyadic rationals. Our main result implies that for μ almost every x ∈ C we have $$\# \left\{{1 \le n \le N:\left| {x - {p \over {{2^n}}}} \right| \le {1 \over {{n^{0.01}} \cdot {2^n}}}\,{\rm{for}}\,{\rm{some}}\,p \in \mathbb{N}} \right\}\sim2\sum\limits_{n = 1}^N {{n^{- 0.01}}}.$$
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This improves upon a recent result of Allen, Chow, and Yu which gives a sub-logarithmic improvement over the trivial approximation rate.
Hereditary Angioedema Attacks in Patients Receiving Long-Term Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Longhurst Hilary J. , Cancian Mauro , Grivcheva-Panovska Vesna , Koleilat Majed , Magerl Markus , Savic Sinisa , Stobiecki Marcin , Tachdjian Raffi , Healy Bridget , Yea Christopher M. , Audhya Paul K. , Bouillet Laurence
Published: November 2024

Long-term prophylaxis (LTP) has been shown to reduce the frequency of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks; however, attacks occurring in patients receiving LTP have not been well characterized. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the proportion of type I/II HAE (HAE-C1INH) patients who experience attacks while receiving LTP, the characteristics of these attacks, and associated on-demand therapy use. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify studies reporting LTP use with plasma-derived C1 inhibitor (pdC1INH), lanadelumab, berotralstat, androgens, or antifibrinolytics in patients with HAE-C1INH. Forty-five primary studies met the inclusion criteria. In phase 3 trials, attack-free rates were 40% for subcutaneous pdC1INH 60 IU/kg twice weekly at 16 weeks, and 44% for lanadelumab 300 mg every second week at 6 months (77% during steady-state [days 70–182]); there was no difference in attack-free rate for berotralstat 150 mg versus placebo at 24 weeks. Phase 3 studies reported a lower average attack severity with subcutaneous and intravenous pdC1INH versus placebo. With lanadelumab and berotralstat, the prophylactic treatment effect was more pronounced in peripheral attacks than in abdominal and laryngeal attacks. Laryngeal attacks accounted for 2%-7% of all attacks in observational and interventional studies, regardless of the LTP agent received. On-demand therapy was used in 49%-94% of attacks occurring in the presence of LTP. In conclusion, patients receiving LTP experienced attacks in all anatomic locations, including the larynx. Most attacks were treated with on-demand therapy, although outcomes were not reported. Access to on-demand therapy remains essential for all people with HAE-C1INH.
Introducing intermediate wheatgrass as a perennial grain crop into farming systems: insights into the decision-making process of pioneer farmers
Authors: Ginot Christelle , Bathellier Camille , David Christophe , Rossing Walter A. H. , Celette Florian , Duchene Olivier
Published: November 2024

The perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, commercial name KernzaTM) has been proposed as a diversification crop for producing forage and grain and providing ecosystem services to farmers. Although a few studies have addressed farmers’ interests in the crop, information is lacking about the links between farmers’ goals and crop management, i.e., how farmers aim at integrating this crop in their systems. Closing this gap, this paper analyzes for the first time the introduction of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) from a farmer perspective, as a set of decision plans and goals. The overarching orientations of the farm and organization of the production system, referred as strategic decisions, interact with short-term crop management (i.e., tactical decisions) and farmers’ goals for IWG. In total, 17 individual semi-structured interviews and 2 collective crop management prototyping workshops in France were used to analyze farmers’ rationales as a function of their farm systems, agronomic constraints, and know-how. The study demonstrates that farmers’ interests in IWG revolved around multiple ecosystem services and financial returns. Three ideal-types of farms testing IWG emerged from the relationships between existing farming systems and goals for IWG. The strategic and tactical decisions regarding the integration and management of IWG were contingent on the farming systems, the goals for IWG, the farmers’ know-how, and their ability to mitigate risks. Implications for the future development of intermediate wheatgrass as a niche innovation are considered based on farmers’ points of view. This study provides insights into the ideas and concerns of French farmers regarding IWG and proposes a framework for discussing the introduction of a new crop in a farm system.
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for direct analysis of liposome-encapsulated compounds
Authors: Yamashita Keishi , Sakakibara Kento , Kouyama Yuta , Sugiyama Hitomi , Ueyama Tomohiro , Nishijima Koji , Uchimura Tomohiro
Published: November 2024

The direct measurement of compounds encapsulated into liposomes without pretreatment allows verification of both the encapsulation efficiency and the release rate of liposomes in their original state. In the present study, the direct analysis of liposomes was conducted via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI–TOFMS). When analyte species (2-phenoxyethanol) encapsulated in liposomes were measured online, spike signals appeared in a time profile of the peak area for 2-phenoxyethanol, which suggested a dispersion of the compound in this sample. In addition, the spikes disappeared when the liposomes collapsed following the addition of a Triton X-100 aqueous solution. These results strongly suggest that the appearance of spikes arises from the compound encapsulated into the dispersed liposomes. REMPI–TOFMS has an inherent characteristic of superior selectivity, which suggests that this process would be useful for achieving a precise evaluation of the release properties of target compounds even in a liposome sample containing a large variety of components.

Graphical abstract