bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Run Length and Statistical Error Estimation for Seakeeping Tests and Trials
Authors: Pierce R. D.
Published: October 2022

A seaway and the resulting responses of models or full-scale craft are random processes. The accuracy of the final results depends heavily on the length of the test runs. Therefore in the planning, execution, and evaluation phases of a seakeeping test or trial, run length and its effect on the accuracy of the data must be accounted for. Two basic problem areas exist:

1. Run length estimation prior to a test or trial so that the mission can be carried out efficiently, and data gathered to a desired accuracy.

2. Error estimation for data taken in the past to determine what accuracy level was reached. The run length directly affects the level of accuracy or confidence in the processed results. This accuracy level is, in turn, a trade-off between the task priority and the statistical variability of the input medium (the seaway in this case) A higher priority mission will call for a higher data accuracy and longer run length while a changing sea condition will put constraints on this accuracy. In effect, items 1 and 2 must be considered in all missions to aid in pre-mission planning and to better understand the reliability of data gathered from a previous mission. This paper presents and describes methods to:

1. Determine the auto spectrum effective peak frequencies and half-power bandwidths needed to estimate run length and statistical error for given data samples.

2. Estimate random process mean values, standard deviations, variance, auto spectra and Response Amplitude Operators (RAO' s).

3. Estimate the statistical errors and run lengths associated with the mean value, standard deviation, variance, auto spectra and RAO's of a random process.
An Expression of Inception Cavitation Number
Authors: Qin S.
Published: October 2022

The inception cavitation number a 1 and corresponding propeller revolutions RPM are essential parameters for the prediction of the propeller noise. While RPM and a depend on many factors, the thrust loading coefficient Te and pitch ratio P/0 are important. In this contribution a simple expression, which comes from classical Burrill ship trial cavitation chart and modern model noise experimental analysis is presented. Based on the expression the predicted results for the noise spectra (SPL, vs. 1/3 octave frequency) are acceptable.
2D Tests with One and Two Cylinders in Waves
Authors: de Conti M.
Published: October 2022

A small new facility has been installed in the Department of Naval Architecture of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is a wave flume, 14 meters long, 1 meter wide and 1 meter deep. Regular and irregular waves, as well as packages of waves, can be generated in the range 0.5 - 2.5 Hz, 0.5 - 5.0 cm. The wave generator is plunger-type, driven by a servo-motor. 2D tests with one and two cylinders have been conducted, varying the immersion and the distance between the cylinders. Forces acting on the cylinders, wave elevation and plunger motion have been measured. The paper describes the facility and presents the results for the stationary cylinders acted transversely by waves.
Mathematical Simulation of Hovercraft Maneuvering
Authors: Zilman G. , Miloh T.
Published: October 2022

A mathematical model of a maneuvering amphibious air. cushion vehicle (ACV) is presented. The ACV, studied is of plenum-chamber type with constant pressure applied to the free-surface of the fluid. The main efforts of this paper are concentrated in clarifying the role and the significance of the hydrodynamical forces exerted by a moving pressure distribution. The general method of approach is illustrated by means of solving the titled problem for a schematic air-cushion planform close to the ACV SR.N2
The Lithuanian Consulate in Petrograd, 1921–1923
Authors: Grigaravičiūtė Sandra
Published: October 2022

The Lithuanian Consulate in Petrograd in the years 1921–1923 has been studied in Lithuanian historiography by focusing on the establishment of Lithuanian consulates in Soviet Russia in 1921 and the appointment and activities of Stasys Zaskevičius as Consul ad Interim from the second half of 1922 through 1923. The period when the consulate was led by Jonas Matukas, his appointment and activities, the origins of the consulate and its operation in 1922 have not been investigated at all. Therefore, based on the sources and historiography, the aim of the research is to reconstruct the process of the establishment and functioning of the Lithuanian Consulate in Petrograd from 1921 to 1923 with a special focus on the specificities of the living conditions and activities. The research is based on unpublished sources from the Political Archive of the German Federal Foreign Office, the Collection of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs kept at the Lithuanian Central State Archives, the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences and published sources, namely documents, periodicals and studies by Lithuanian (Tomas Balkelis, Milena Tamošiūnienė) and foreign (Aleksander Wasilewski, Winfried Baumgart) authors. Methods of qualitative analysis and synthesis (the new material of the sources was supplemented with the information circulating in historiography), the comparative method (the information published in the Lithuanian press was compared with the information found in the Lithuanian Central State Archives), and the descriptive method were applied in this research. To process the primary sources in Lithuanian, German, and Russian languages, the logical-analytical method was applied (the notional content and information analysis was conducted). The research led to the conclusion that due to the correspondence bureaus established in Petrograd during World War I, the city became the centre of communication between Lithuanians on both sides of the front. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed and Germany recognised Lithuania’s independence, Petrograd became the centre of repatriation of Lithuanian deportees and refugees. The Lithuanian consular institution established in Petrograd in 1921 employed over thirty members of staff who helped the deportees and refugees of Lithuanian nationality and citizenship to return to the restored state of Lithuania and provided assistance in the form of food and clothes through the Lithuanian Red Cross until 30 September 1923.
The Attitude of Norwegian Lithuanians Towards Migration to Norway
Authors: Kusaitė Paulina , Anglickienė Laimute
Published: October 2022

Based on the data of an empirical research conducted in 2021, the article discusses the attitudes of the Lithuanians living in Norway towards this country. It analyses what encourages Lithuanians to emigrate to this country and stay there permanently; why Norway seems attractive; what associations Norway raises for Lithuanians; whether this country is a good place to raise and bring up children, and other relevant issues often discussed in the Lithuanian media. The results of the survey are compared with the results of previous research done by other researchers. The majority of the Lithuanians living in Norway are satisfied with their living conditions in this country and would not change their country of immigration even if they had such an opportunity. For the Lithuanians living in Norway, this country is more often associated with positive (such as beautiful nature, peace, security, freedom, stability, friendliness, tolerance, and equality) rather than negative aspects of Norway. In 2021, at the time of the study, most Lithuanians residing in Norway felt fully integrated and said that they were trying to accept Norwegian culture and traditions as much as it was important for communicating with the locals. Nevertheless, Lithuanians try to uphold their Lithuanian identity and traditions while living in a foreign country. In comparison with the results of the surveys of previous years, the present study shows that Lithuanians in Norway are less and less ashamed of their nationality and increasingly express pride in their homeland.
Murky Water at the Beginning of the History of Anykščiai
Authors: Baranauskas Tomas
Published: October 2022

Valdovai Anykščiuose: nuo Kazimiero Jogailaičio iki Zigmanto Vazos = Sovereigns in Anykščiai: from Casimir Jagiellonian to Sigismund Vasa. Idėjos autorius Vytautas Balčiūnas, sudarytoja Rita Babelienė, tekstų autoriai Simonas Matulevičius, Dalia Tarandaitė, vertėja Virginija Kvedarienė. Vilnius–Anykščiai: Anykščių menų centras; Pasaulio anykštėnų bendrija,
Análisis psicométrico y validez de la Escala de Disposición al Aprendizaje Interprofesional en estudiantes de enfermería en Chile
Authors: Irarrázabal Lisette , Förster Carla E. , Villagran Ignacio , Barrios Araya Silvia , Carrasco Aldunate Paola
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Interprofessional education offers health students an opportunity to learn, practice, and improve communication and collaboration skills through learning experiences with other professions. It is important to determine their willingness to actively engage with other students in their learning process, which is assessed through the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning scale, one of the most widely used internationally. The objective was to adapt and validate the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale to Spanish among nursing students.Method: The study design was cross-sectional quantitative, with a sample of 330 nursing students of different years. Cronbach's Alpha and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed.Results: The original scale had 23 items, only 16 met the validity and reliability criteria. The 16 items are distributed in the dimensions: Teamwork and collaboration (T: 10 items), Patient Centered Work (EP: 4 items) and Professional identity (PI: 2 items). Cronbach's alpha index for the full scale was 0.8259 (CyTE α=0.81; PC α= 0.77 and PI α=0.61).Conclusion: the RIPL scale validated in this study has adequate reliability and validity for the dimensions Teamwork and collaboration and Patient Centered Work. Elaboration of new items are required for Professional Identity

Introducción: La educación interprofesional ofrece a los estudiantes de salud una oportunidad para aprender, practicar y mejorar las habilidades de comunicación y colaboración a través de la experiencia de aprendizaje con otras profesiones. Es importante determinar la disposición que tienen de involucrarse activamente con otros estudiantes en su proceso de aprendizaje, lo que se evalúa a través de la Escala de disposición al aprendizaje interprofesional, una de las más usadas internacionalmente. El objetivo fue adaptar y validar al español la Escala de disposición al aprendizaje interprofesional (RIPLS) en estudiantes de enfermería.Método: Diseño de estudio cuantitativo transversal, a una muestra de 330 estudiantes de enfermería de diferentes años, se realizó Alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio.Resultados: La escala original tenía 23 ítems, solo 16 cumplen con los criterios de validez y confiabilidad. Los 16 ítems, se distribuyen en las dimensiones: Colaboración y trabajo en equipo (CyTE: 10 ítems), Trabajo centrado en el paciente (PC: 4 ítems) y Sentido e Identidad Profesional (PI: 2 ítems). El índice alfa de Cronbach de la escala completa fue de 0.8259 (CyTE α=0.81; PC α= 0.77 and PI α=0.61).Conclusión: La escala RIPL validada en este estudio tiene confiabilidad y validez adecuada para las dimensiones Trabajo en equipo y colaboración y Trabajo centrado en el paciente. Se requiere elaborar nuevos ítems para Sentido e Identidad profesional.
Ciudades indígenas prehispánicas en el Caribe. La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Authors: Gutiérrez Montoya Nayibe
Published: October 2022

Research about native indigenous societies from the Colombian Caribbean, in the 1920s and 1930s, and later in the 1970s and 1980s, barely managed to uncover the remains of some of the settlements that show the greatest material development achieved in the region by these societies. This article collects the most important investigations that have been carried out to date on the northern area of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, adding to them our work carried out from colonial chronicles, geographical descriptions, primary documentation preserved in European and Americans archives, field notes of the archaeological works preserved in ICANH, etc., to, based on all this, reconstruct some of the possible models of indigenous occupation in that region of the Caribbean.

Las investigaciones sobre las sociedades indígenas originarias del Caribe colombiano, en las décadas de los años 20 y 30, y posteriormente en los años 70 y 80 del S.XX, apenas consiguieron descubrir los restos de algunos de los asentamientos que demuestran el mayor desarrollo material logrado en la región por estas sociedades. Este artículo recoge las investigaciones arqueológicas más importantes que sobre el área norte de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta se han llevado a cabo, sumando a ellas nuestro trabajo realizado a partir de crónicas coloniales, descripciones geográficas, documentación primaria conservada en los archivos europeos y americanos, notas de campo de los trabajos arqueológicos conservados en el ICANH, etc., para, a partir de todo ello, reconstruir algunos de los posibles modelos de ocupación indígena en esta región del Caribe.
Expresiones de libertad y creación de un sujeto político. La ruptura del régimen esclavista en el Valle del Chota a principios del siglo XIX.
Authors: Carrascal Jijón Samantha Liceth
Published: October 2022

In the last decades of the 18th century, the enslaved population of Chota Valley developed a discourse claiming multiple rights. This culminated in what I have called the creation of a political subject, with its own language and strongly linked to its ancestral territory. Thus, after reading the lawsuits the afrochoteños made by these years, this article will analyze the political actions of rebellion and freedom, such as escapes, confrontations, trials and violent events that allowed the population of the valley to disobey and revolt against colonial authority. We can say that at beginning of 19th century, Chota Valley lived in de facto independence.

En las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII la población esclavizada del Valle del Chota desarrolló un discurso de reivindicación de derechos que culminaron en lo que he llamado la creación de un sujeto político, desde su propia realidad, lenguaje y vinculado a su territorio ancestral. Es así que, tras la lectura archivística de las demandas judiciales que los afrochoteños emprendieron para esta época, en este artículo se va a analizar el repertorio cultural de rebeldía y libertad, entendidas como acciones políticas (huidas, enfrentamientos, juicios y violencia) que les permitieron desobedecer y sublevase contra la autoridad colonial. Podemos decir que, para inicios del siglo XIX, el Valle del Chota vivía en una independencia de facto.
Crise de l’Histoire, crise de la représentation: “La Mémoire collective” de Zhang Kangkang et autres exemples de “métafiction historiographique” dans la littérature chinoise d’avant-garde
Authors: Pezza Alessandra
Published: October 2022

If history has been defined as a crucial element to construct national identity, what happens when its reliability is contested? In China, despite having been considered for a long time as an instrument of propaganda, narrative’s relative freedom of re-elaboration, as Dutrait (1989) suggested, has covered an essential function in the process of reflection on historiographic processes. The paper considers some literary works belonging to what Linda Hutcheon (1988) defined as “historiographical metafiction”: novels and short stories by a variety of different authors, all characterized by intertextuality and an explicit reflection on the process of writing literature and history, as well as by a questioning of the meaning and truthfulness of memory. It proposes an overview on some of those texts, and a specific focus on Zhang Kangkang’s short story “Collective Memory” (Jiti jiyi 集体记忆, 2000), showing how, by suggesting a reshaping of the “imaginary mirror” that history is in China today, they open questions on the topics of historical traumatism, memory, and writing.
Grande Recessione, finanza e promessa nel romanzo statunitense di immigrazione: The Wangs vs the World di Jade Chang e Behold the Dreamers di Imbolo Mbue
Authors: Schiavini Cinzia
Published: October 2022

Besides the complexity of market structures, the 2008 financial crisis (or Great Recession) has also testified how the representation of the crisis has often been also the crisis of representation: largely focused on the so-called “fiction of the Capital”, and on the white middle and upper-middle class, literature has often been unable to transcend the limits of the traditional “neoliberal” novel and its national(ist) perspective, and investigate the effects of the crisis on ethnic communities, where racial discrimination has long paralleled the economic one. The regenerative potential of the crisis in the XXI century explored by Richard Gray (2011) and the contiguities between derivative finance and language investigated by Appadurai (2016) are the starting point for an exploration of the Great Recession through the immigrant/migrant eyes in two ethnic novels: Jade Chang’s The Wangs vs the World (2016), a comic Coast-to-Coast trip eastward bound involving a wealthy and conflictual Chinese family whose financial ruin leads to the search for their luck back East; and Imbolo Mbue’s Behold the Dreamers (2016), the story of a Cameroonian couple and their attempts for a new life in New York chasing the American Dream in the shadow of the Lehman Brothers collapse. In these two novels, the crisis is explored in relation to the concept of the “promise”, at the core of the immigrant experience – both in cultural and linguistic terms; and with the re-negotiations and the new forms of transnational identities imposed by the crisis, that questions the virtual and real value (and price) of the American Dream.
An absolute wavenumber calibration method based on characteristic spectral line and constrained fitting phase
Authors: Wang Di , Han Tao , Qian Huang-He , Liu Zhi-Yi , Ding Zhi-Hua ,   State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Published: October 2022

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems generally have nonlinear sampling problems in wavenumber domain. In order to realize the precise positioning of the discrete interfaces and the high-quality reconstruction of OCT images under conventional fast Fourier transform, it is necessary to solve the precise calibration problem of the absolute wavenumber of the discrete sampling points in the spectrometer. In this work, an absolute wavenumber calibration method is proposed based on the absolute phase of the characteristic spectral line and the constraint polynomial fitting phase under precise optical path difference. In the sample arm of the SD-OCT system, the metal gauges with precise thickness difference are used to obtain the absolute phase value of the characteristic spectral line, and the phase wrapping times corresponding to the characteristic spectral line are further accurately solved. Thus, this method overcomes the 2π ambiguity of spectral phase in conventional interferometric phase methods. At the same time, combined with the polynomial fitting phase of the high signal-to-noise ratio region under window constraint, the accurate calibration of the absolute wavenumber of each sampling point is realized. Finally, comprehensive comparison between the proposed method and the traditional resampling method in terms of discrete interface positioning, axial resolution and image reconstruction quality verifies the significant advantages of this method.
Effectiveness of College English Blended Teaching Based on Foreign Language Teaching Platforms in Universities
Authors: Di Shan
Published: October 2022

Effectiveness of college English blended teaching based on foreign language teaching platforms in universities is studied in this manuscript. From the perspective of teaching method, teachers should have a predetermined goal in teaching. In order to achieve the goal, teachers should first make his predetermined goal become the effort goal of students. Blended learning is the recent international international education field on the traditional education reform and the reflection on networked learning after the convergence of change. From the teacher's perspective, the student is the center of teaching and learning, and this paper gives the novel ideas of the solutions.
Study on the Innovation of Crop Breeding System and Protection of New Plant Varieties in China
Authors: Shu Xiaoxia
Published: October 2022

Study on the innovation of crop breeding system and protection of new plant varieties in China is conducted in this paper. Agriculture is the foundation of a country's national economy, and developed agriculture is the symbol of a country's modernization. The commercialization process of new crop varieties involves multiple links such as research and development of the new varieties, technology transfer, seed production, and seed marketing. This paper conducts the comprehensive analysis for the efficient models.
Management practices of Third Sector Organisations (TSOs) in Karnataka
Authors: Bharathi T. N. , Ganapathy M. S. , Siddayya . , Nataraju O. R.
Published: October 2022

The third sector comprises charities, social enterprises, and voluntary groups supporting the community at a local level. The study focused on the management practices of TSOs. In all, the total number of Third Sector Organizations selected for the study from the Kolar, Chikkaballapur, and Tumkur districts was 30. The sample consists of different types of TSOs which include Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Self-Help Groups (SHGs) & Primary level cooperatives, and also the primary data was collected from 30 TSOs. To achieve the specific objectives of the study, descriptive statistics including percentages were used to find out how TSOs are following management practices for their organizational development. The study found that they are good in terms of planning which includes efficiency and proper resource management, effective service delivery, responsiveness to the target community, implementation, and control of activity, among others. Strategy development indicates the extent to which certain features/aspects pertaining to the strategy development approaches characterize the strategy development practices in their organizations. Motivation plays a vital influencing factor towards managers and workers to increase effectiveness. Staff management to understand how the TSOs manage their human resources. Financial management is necessary for reporting purposes are prepared at the end of each financial year and bookkeeping is one of the key indicators to measure the performance of the organization there is a need to more focus on up-to-date records maintenance.
On Determination of Behavioural Characteristics Responsible for Psychopathic Personality Traits
Authors: Adekeye K. S. , Ayodeji O. A. , Adesina O. S. , Okewole D. M.
Published: October 2022

Abnormal and irrational behaviour called psychopathic traits has eroded our society; it increases daily, thus leading to increased crime. The study focuses on determining behavioural characteristics that may be responsible for psychopathic traits in human beings that have purportedly led to increased crime in our society. A survey was conducted in five selected towns in Osun State, Nigeria, based on seventeen identified behavioural characteristics using a developed structured questionnaire to collect data on identified behavioural characteristics that could trigger psychopathy personality traits. Two personality traits considered in this study are aggressiveness and goal setting, while the considered behavioural characteristics are family upbringing, confidence in government, society values, industrialization, civilization, unemployment rate, technology advancement, socio-political class, impunity, environmental impact, embracing foreign culture based on materialism, religion believes, peer group influence, academic attainment, high wealth procession, family believes, and power intoxication. The data harvested from the questionnaire on behavioural characteristics from the five hundred and eight respondents were subjected to principal component analysis to determine the significant behavioural characteristics that are likely responsible for psychopathic traits in humans. Results from the principal component analysis reduced the seventeen characteristics to family upbringing, confidence in government, society values, industrialization, and civilization.

Further analysis was carried out with binary logistic regression analysis using goal setting and aggressiveness as dependent variables. The results from the binary logistic regression reflected that technological advancement, foreign culture, religious beliefs, high wealth possession, and power intoxication have a significant effect on goal setting, while confidence in government, environmental impact, impunity, and power intoxication have a significant effect on aggressiveness personality trait. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that civilization and confidence in government are the main significant behavioural characteristics that trigger personality traits in the region covered in this study.
In-vitro Biocontrol of Sugarcane Stem Borer (Eldana saccharina Walker) with Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants
Authors: Dadjo Ouattara , Didier Kouamé Konan , Félicia Johnson , Martial Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean , Jacques-Edouard Yao Kouadio , Kouakou Yao , Daouda Koné
Published: October 2022

Study Design and Objectives: Sugar cane production is threatened by the devastating action of the larval populations of Eldana saccharina Walker. Faced with this situation, the search for sustainable control solutions is a major challenge for sugar producers. This study contributes to the control of the larval populations of the pest through the use of formulations based on essential oils of local aromatic plants.

Methodology: Bioassays on the survival of the larvae were therefore conducted in the laboratory at the Sucrivoire site in Zuénoula. The larvae obtained from the eggs, incubated for 5 days were reared on a nutritional medium and then transferred to empty dishes after one week. Essential oils from the hydrodistillation of three aromatic plants (Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale) were used. Five concentrations of these essential oils (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000-ppm) were tested by direct contact on batches of 10 larvae for a total of 30 larvae/concentration. Dead larvae were counted daily and the mortality rate was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure.

Results: As early as 24 hours, larval mortality was significant (P<0.001) from 2000-ppm for Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils. They caused larval mortality of 63.33 and 80% respectively. Zingiber officinale induced a significant mortality of 80% from 4000-ppm. After 72 hours of exposure of the larvae to the essential oils, the mortality rate increased significantly with the concentration (P<0.001). The lowest lethal concentrations for 50 and 90% (841.77 and 1905.06 ppm, respectively) were obtained with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum.

Conclusion: The use of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale can help to control Eldana saccharina Walker larval borers for better sugarcane production.
Antifungal Potential of Acetone and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Thevetia peruviana on Development of Phytophthora colocasiae, Causal Agent of Late Blight of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) from Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Cameroon
Authors: Essomé Charles Salé , Djuissi Doriane Tohoto , Thierry Molo , Mvondo Dorothée Nganti , Kuaté William Norbert Tueguem , Ngatsi Patrice Zemko , Bolie Hubert , Nsangou Abdou Koné , Heu Alain , Mboussi Serge Bertrand , Ambang Zachée
Published: October 2022

Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds on the in vitro growth of the fungus.

Study Design: A randomized sample block design containing four treatments (T- = Negative control; T2= Ethyl acetate extract; T3= Acetone extract; T+=Callomil Plus) with three repetitions was used. Plant extracts were used at three concentrations: C1: 12.5 µl/ml; C2: 25 µl/ml and C3: 50 µl/ml; the chemical fungicide at the dose of 12.5 μL/ml.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the University of Yaoundé 1, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, and in the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IARD) of Yaoundé, Laboratory of Phytopathology, during the year 2019-2020.

Methodology: acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of T. peruviana were prepared and used at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 µl/ml. P. colocasiae was isolated from infected taro leaf cultivars "Macumba or Ibo coco" located in three different regions: west, Littoral and Centre. The various explants were were put in V8 agar medium and maintained in pure culture.  Mycelial fragments of P. colocasiae of about 0.8 cm in diameter were cut and placed in sterile Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant extracts and incubated at 23±1°C for seven days for the evaluation of the radial growth.

Results: The results obtained showed that the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts have completely inhibited the growth of the strain of West at 25 μ/ml while total inhibition of the pathogen was not obtained with strain of Centre region. The lowest inhibition was obtained with the strain of Littoral region: 93.88 % for acetone extract and 90.78 % for ethyl acetate extract compare to 100 % for west and Centre region at highest concentration.

Conclusion: The acetone and ethyl acetate extracts at the concentration of 25 μ/ml totally inhibited the in vitro radial growth of some strains of P. colocasiae. These extracts, which are effective against P. colocasiae, may substitute fungicides in the fight against taro leaf blight.
Effect of Green Compost Processed Organic Fertilizer and Chlorella Microalgae Solution on Growth, Antioxidant and Phenolic Content of Tropaeolum majus under Drought Stress
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Sasan , Karamidarenjani Maryam , Mirahmadinejad Elham Alsadat , Robati Reza
Published: October 2022

Environmental stresses, especially drought, are the most important factors in reducing growth of the plant. The effect of processed organic fertilizer of green compost and chlorella microalgae solution on growth, antioxidant properties and some other physiological characteristics of Tropaeolum majus plant under control and drought conditions were investigated. The experiments were performed in pot with a completely randomized design with three replications. Green manure treatment included zero, 5% and 10% by volume of pots. Chlorella microalgae treatment had two levels in terms of zero cells and 368 million cells in each pot. Drought stress was applied based on lack of ten-day and seventeen-day irrigation. After two months, the samples were collected and the relative content of leaf water, fresh weight of aerial parts, phenol content and antioxidant were performed. The results showed that green compost of 10% alone and together with chlorella microalgae significantly reduced the effects of drought stress at 5% level. The use of 5% and 10% of compost with chlorella microalgae significantly increased the growth of the aerial part compared to the control. Microalgae treatments had a more positive effect on antioxidant content and phenol content than green compost in stress and control conditions. Tropaeolum majus plant with chlorella algae treatment with 5 and 10% green compost had the highest amount of proline amino acid under stress.
Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Treatment of Medial Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Patients
Authors: Hemeda Mohab Osama , Alforse Elsayed Mohammed , Mogahed Abd Alhafiz Abd Alhafiz , Amin Osama Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) involves mainly the medial tibiofemoral joint of the knee as the stresses of weight bearing mainly involve the medial condyle of the tibia: thus, this is the primary site for knee OA. The work aimed to evaluating the results of proximal fibular osteotomy alone or conducted with arthroscopic lavage and debridement for treatment of medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis in elderly patients.

Methods: This study was carried out on 37 cases with knee pain with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis with varying degrees of genu varum. Patients grouped randomly into two matched groups regarding age, sex, BMI and degree of osteoarthritis. Group 1 (n=18) had undergone proximal fibular osteotomy alone and group 2 (n=19) had undergone proximal fibular osteotomy conducted with arthroscopic debridement and lavage.

Results: The mean VAS and mean knee sub scores improved in group (A) and (B) postoperatively than preoperatively (p-value <0.0001). Comparing the two groups according to mean (VAS) and mean knee sub scores, it was found that p-value was <0.001 which was statistically significant. The mean ratio of knee joint space it was found that p-value was <0.001 which was statistically significant.

Conclusions: PFO is a convenient surgical option in most developing countries like Egypt with low medical and financial resources. PFO may delay or even negate the need for total knee arthroplasty. PFO may be A viable alternative procedure for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, especially for patients who cannot undergo TKA because of certain medical co morbidities. Care must be taken to avoid common peroneal nerve injuries. Knee arthroscopic lavage helps in decreasing knee pain and knee improving joint function by washing of crystals and debris that may induce inflammation and pain.
Psychological and Radiological Study of Cognitive Impairment among Diabetic Patients (A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study)
Authors: Hannora Dalia , Seleem Mohammad , Shafaey Rasha El , Issa Mai , Shama Gamal
Published: October 2022

Objective of the study: To assess the cognitive impairment among diabetic patients and explore the potential alterations in various areas of the brain in a sample of diabetic patients in comparison to normal control subjects.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Neuropsychiatry Department, Tanta University and Centre of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery-Tanta University, at the Diabetes& endocrinology unit in the department of internal Medicine, Tanta University Hospitals and at the radiology department, Tanta University Hospitals during the interval from September 2018 to September 2019.

This study was conducted on two groups Group A (60) diabetic patients compared to Group B (20) normal healthy individuals free from any cognitive impairment matched age and sex using psychometric scales e.g. Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) (American psychiatric association, 1994), Stanford-Binet Intelligence quotient (I.Q) fourth edition, Mini mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test, The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test, Trail making test (Part A& part B)& Stroop color_word test (Computerized version).and diffusion tensor imaging. All subjects aged from (18-65) years old.

Results: patients with cognitive impairment represented 53.3% of the diabetic patients. Most of them presented with MCI (45%), while (8.3%) of them presented with dementia. The most affected executive functions in diabetic patients with impaired cognitive functions are delayed recall, attention, naming and language as assessed by MMSE& MOCA scales. There was negative correlation between HBA1C levels and fractional anisotropy in most of areas of interest of statistically significant value.

Conclusion: The higher HBA1C levels (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus), the more cognitive deficits recorded through psychometric tests& DTI.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERELASI MURID SEKOLAH DASAR TEOLOGIA KRISTEN ‘N’ SURABAYA
Authors: Nathania Tirza , Yoedo Yuli Christiana
Published: October 2022

Pada zaman sekarang, ada cukup banyak kasus kekerasan yang dilakukan murid-murid terhadaptemannya. Hal ini merupakan hal yang kurang baik bagi keterampilan berelasi murid terhadapsesamanya. Guru dalam dunia pendidikan memiliki kesempatan untuk membimbing murid dalammemiliki relasi yang baik dengan sesamanya. Sayangnya, guru-guru pada umumnya hanyalah seorangyang memberikan dan mengajarkan materi pembelajaran kepada murid-murid. Relasi yang terjadihanyalah sebatas guru dan murid, dan tidak lebih dari itu. Guru memiliki peran untuk membimbing,menolong, dan mendidik murid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti peran guru untuk meningkatkanketerampilan berelasi murid dalam pendidikan Kristen di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan denganmenggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini meneliti tiga macam kegiatan pembelajaran,yaitu PACE time, area time, dan devotion time. Peneliti menyelidiki bagaimana guru berperan dalam menerapkanpendidikan Kristen melalui tiga kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berelasi murid. Dari pengamatanpeneliti, guru berperan sebagai seniman, pemahat, fasilitator, pembimbing, gembala, dan pemberi teladan bagimurid-murid. Guru memikirkan cara yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berelasi murid. Salahsatunya adalah dengan membimbing murid-murid melalui kesempatan-kesempatan untuk menerapkan nilai-nilaiyang telah dipelajari. Melalui teladan guru, guru melatih keterampilan berelasi murid dengan Tuhan dantemannya sesuai dengan kebenaran Firman Tuhan.
MODEL RELASI GURU DAN MURID UNTUK MENOLONG MURID MENGEMBANGKAN PERSEPSI YANG POSITIF TERHADAP DIRINYA DAN TERHADAP GURU
Authors: Salinding Viona Evelin , Santoso Magdalena Pranata
Published: October 2022

Relasi antara guru dan muridmerupakan salah satu relasi yang sangat penting dalamkehidupan seseorang karenamemiliki banyak dampak bagi kehidupan murid. Salah satu dampaknya adalah bagi pembentukan persepsimurid. Guru-guru dan murid-murid di SDTK Pelangi Kristus memiliki relasi yang sangat dekat satu denganyang lainnya. Hal ini terlihat di dalam cara guru dan murid berinteraksi dan memperlakukan satu sama laindengan penuh rasa hormat dan kasih setiap hari. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahuimodel relasi yang diterapkan oleh guru dan murid di SDTK Pelangi Kristus untuk menolong muridmengembangkan persepsi yang positif terhadap dirinya dan terhadap guru. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa guru-guru dan murid-murid di kelas 2 SDTK Pelangi Kristus menerapkan tiga modelrelasi, yaitu model relasi gembala-domba, mentoring dan collegial. Ketiga model relasi tersebutdapatmenolongmurid untukmengembangkan persepsiyang positifterhadap dirinyadan terhadap guru.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DENGAN PERSPEKTIF KRISTIANI DI KELAS VA SD KRISTEN X SURABAYA
Authors: Lapik Novianti Yanti , Sari Lily Eka
Published: October 2022

Pembelajaran yang hanya berpusat pada guru mengakibatkan murid tidak terlibat aktif dalam pembelajaran dan tidak berlatih keterampilan sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui implementasi model cooperative learning dalam kegiatan pembelajaran tematik kelas VA SD Kristen X Surabaya berdasarkan perspektif pendidikan Kristiani. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi partisipan, dan dokumen. Teknik analisa data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan, dan pengujian kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian didapati bahwa implementasi model cooperative learning dalam kegiatan pembelajaran tematik kelas VA SD Kristen X Surabaya menjadikan murid sebagai pusat dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sehingga murid dapat melatih keterampilan sosialnya sesuai dengan perspektif Kristiani.
Superior High‐Temperature Properties of Low‐Density Steel Enabled by a Tunable Hierarchical Microstructure
Authors: Zhao Wenjuan , Fu Zude , Wu Zhiqiang , Deng Xiwang , Zhou Honggang , Li Eric , Lu Liwei , Pan Haijun , An Xianghai
Published: October 2022

The tensile properties, microstructure characteristics, and fracture mechanisms at 500 °C of Fe–Mn–Al–C–Mo–V steel processed by hot rolling (HR) and warm rolling (WR) are investigated. The HR steel obtained by rolling 1150 °C, consisting mainly of equiaxed austenite and banded ferrite, exhibits a tensile strength of 695 MPa, accompanied by an elongation of ≈45.5%. In contrast, the WR steel processed by rolling at 750 °C shows a hierarchical microstructure that consists mainly of lamellar ferrite/austenite + fine carbides, rendering a significantly increased tensile strength to 1040 MPa and an excellent elongation to ≈20.0%. This is mainly attributed to the remarkable refinement of ferrite and austenite in the WR steel, strengthening finely dispersed carbides, and obtaining numerous low‐angle grain boundaries in the matrix. The tensile fracture morphology is a ductile failure in both types of steel. The fracture of HR steel is attributed to the cracks enabled by the austenite localized slip deformation in the austenite and the fracture of the precipitates; the failure of the WR steel is mainly ascribed to the cracking along the lamellar structure due to the κ‐carbides pinning lamellar ferrite phase boundary leading to high strain localization.
Sidechain‐Engineered N‐PDIs Processed from Ethyl Acetate as Effective Cathode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hoff Anderson , Martell Mark , Gasonoo Akpeko , Koenig Josh D. B. , Simón Marqués Pablo , Cieplechowicz Edward , Pahlevani Majid , Welch Gregory Charles
Published: October 2022

Herein, series bay position‐substituted N‐annulated perylene diimide (N‐PDI) derivatives applied as the cathode interlayer (CIL) in bottom‐anode (conventional structure) organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. Despite the fact that N‐PDIs show low solubility in common CIL‐processing solvents such as methanol (MeOH), the use of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) as a processing solvent allows for dissolution of N‐PDIs at sufficient concentrations to form homogeneous films on top of the organic photoactive layer. OSC devices fabricated in ambient conditions using the PM6:Y6 representative bulk heterojunction (BHJ) system show simultaneous enhancements in performance metrics, with power conversion efficiency (PCE) increasing from 8.5% for devices based on the bare Ag cathode to 12.5% with N‐PDI molecule as CIL. The improvement in performance with N‐PDI CILs can be attributed to a combination of smooth film morphology and high electron extraction capability of N‐PDIs. Solubility in EtOAc, appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, uniform film formation, and facilitation of electron transfer/collection make these N‐PDIs a promising family of CIL materials for efficient OSCs. Using EtOAc as an improved solvent over MeOH also opens the door for new CIL designs and to test materials that are not MeOH soluble.
Machine Learning Guides Peptide Nucleic Acid Flow Synthesis and Sequence Design
Authors: Li Chengxi , Zhang Genwei , Mohapatra Somesh , Callahan Alex J. , Loas Andrei , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: October 2022

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are potential antisense therapies for genetic, acquired, and viral diseases. Efficiently selecting candidate PNA sequences for synthesis and evaluation from a genome containing hundreds to thousands of options can be challenging. To facilitate this process, this work leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms and automated synthesis technology to predict PNA synthesis efficiency and guide rational PNA sequence design. The training data is collected from individual fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) deprotection reactions performed on a fully automated PNA synthesizer. The optimized ML model allows for 93% prediction accuracy and 0.97 Pearson's r. The predicted synthesis scores are validated to be correlated with the experimental high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) crude purities (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.95). Furthermore, a general applicability of ML is demonstrated through designing synthetically accessible antisense PNA sequences from 102 315 predicted candidates targeting exon 44 of the human dystrophin gene, SARS‐CoV‐2, HIV, as well as selected genes associated with cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and various cancers. Collectively, ML provides an accurate prediction of PNA synthesis quality and serves as a useful computational tool for informing PNA sequence design.
A NIR ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for sensitive detection and imaging of α‐L‐fucosidase in living cells and HCC tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Feng Weiwei , Gao Zhiyuan , Zhang Gao‐Lan , Wu Xinying , Xiao Yating , Li Xun , Zheng Lei , Ding Dan , Guo Jianshuang , Situ Bo
Published: October 2022

Detection and imaging of α‐L‐fucosidase (AFU) is of great value to understand its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and tumor early diagnosis, but ideal assays are still lacking. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent biosensor (α‐Fuc‐DCM) was elaborately designed and synthesized for rapid and ratiometric detection of AFU activity in cells and HCC tumor mouse models. In the presence of AFU, this biosensor shows an enhancement in NIR emission in a ratiometric manner, which significantly improves the detection accuracy with the limit of detection as low as 4.8 mU/mL. Taking advantage of these merits, the activity of AFU in lysosomes could be visualized using ratiometric and NIR dual modality in living cells. Furthermore, its remarkable application for monitoring of endogenous AFU activity in HCC tumor‐bearing mouse model is also demonstrated with bright fluorescence signal, which indicated that the biosensor could clearly monitor the liver tumor in the early stage. Importantly, the α‐Fuc‐DCM probe can be utilized to detect the AFU in serum from HCC patients. This strategy offers a promising biosensor system for early diagnosis of HCC and studying the roles of AFU in cancers.
Self organization of granular flow by basal friction variation: Natural jump, moving bore, and flying avalanche
Authors: Maiti Ritwik , Das Gargi , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the response of rapid granular downslope flow to an abrupt change in basal friction. Although granular discharge from silo and hoppers has received considerable attention in the past, the flow behavior for an abrupt change in basal friction is hitherto unexplored. In the present study, the channel floor comprises of a smooth surface (bed friction angle—δS) and a rough surface (bed friction angle—δR) such that the angle of repose of the granular material (θr) lies between δS and δR and the flow features are observed as the channel inclination (θ) is varied from ≈δS to >δR. Experiments are performed in two channels with different extent of rough surface for two grain sizes with the same angle of repose and different inlet depth of granular flow. The visualization studies reveal a rich variety of flow features namely moving bore, rapid granular flow, flying avalanche and granular jump. Natural granular jump formed by mere frictional dissipation without any external forcing has not been reported earlier. The variety of flow features primarily results from the interplay of downslope motion of variable depth, collision‐driven piling of grains, and slope shaving avalanches. The observed flow phenomena have been satisfactorily analyzed by the well‐known depth‐averaged avalanche flow equations under conditions of incompressible granular flow.