bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Averaged reaction for nonlinear boundary conditions on a grill-type Winkler foundation
Authors: Gómez Delfina , Pérez-Martínez María-Eugenia
Published: November 2024

We consider a homogenization problem for the elasticity operator posed in a bounded domain of the half-space, a part of its boundary being in contact with the plane. This surface is traction-free out of “small regions”, where we impose nonlinear Winkler-Robin boundary conditions containing “large reaction parameters”. Non-periodical distribution of these regions is allowed provided that they have the same area. We show the convergence of solutions towards those of the homogenized problems depending on the relations between the parameters distance, sizes, and reaction.
Hic Sunt Dracones: Uncovering Dynamical Perturbers within the Habitable Zone
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Burt Jennifer A.
Published: November 2024

The continuing exploration of neighboring planetary systems is providing deeper insights into the relative prevalence of various system architectures, particularly with respect to the solar system. However, a full assessment of the dynamical feasibility of possible terrestrial planets within the habitable zones (HZs) of nearby stars requires detailed knowledge of the masses and orbital solutions of any known planets within these systems. Moreover, the presence of as-yet undetected planets in or near the HZ will be crucial for providing a robust target list for future direct imaging surveys. In this work, we quantify the distribution of uncertainties on planetary masses and semimajor axes for 1062 confirmed planets, finding median uncertainties of 11.1% and 2.2%, respectively. We show the dependence of these uncertainties on stellar mass and orbital period and discuss the effects of these uncertainties on dynamical analyses and the locations of mean motion resonance. We also calculate the expected radial velocity (RV) semiamplitude for a Neptune-mass planet in the middle of the HZ for each of the proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory target stars. We find that for more than half of these stars, the RV semiamplitude is less than 1.5 m s−1 rendering them unlikely to be detected in archival RV data sets and highlighting the need for further observations to understand the dynamical viability of the HZ for these systems. We provide specific recommendations regarding stellar characterization and RV survey strategies that work toward the detection of presently unseen perturbers within the HZ.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy of the Sun and Solar Analog Star HD 76151: Compiling an Extensive Line List in the Y, J, H, and K Bands
Authors: Şentürk Sena Aleyna , Şahin Timur , Güney Ferhat , Bilir Selçuk , Marışmak Mahmut
Published: November 2024

Determining the physical nature of a star requires precise knowledge of its stellar atmospheric parameters, including effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. This study presents a new atomic line list covering a broad spectral range (1–2.5 μm; YJHK bands) for iron (Fe) and α-elements (Ca, Mg, Ti, Si) to improve stellar parameter determination using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. We highlight the limitations of existing line lists, stemming primarily from inconsistencies in oscillator strengths for ionized iron lines within the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment DR17. The line list was validated using the high-resolution and high-quality disk-center NIR spectra of the Sun and its solar analog HD 76151. As a result of the spectroscopic analyses, the effective temperature of HD 76151 was calculated as 5790 ± 170 K, surface gravity as 4.35 ± 0.18 cgs, metal abundance as 0.24 ± 0.09 dex, and microturbulence velocity of

0.30

−
0.3

+
0.5

km s−1 by combining the optical and NIR line lists. A comparison of the model atmospheric parameters calculated for HD 76151 with the
PARSEC
isochrones resulted in a stellar mass of

1.053

−
0.068

+
0.056

M

⊙

, radius

1.125

−
0.011

+
0.035

R

⊙

, and an age of

5.5

−
2.1

+
2.5

Gyr. For the first time, kinematic and dynamical orbital analyses of HD 76151 using a combination of Gaia astrometric and spectroscopic data showed that the star was born in a metal-rich region within the solar circle and is a member of the thin disk population. Thus, the slightly metal-rich nature of the star, as reflected in its spectroscopic analysis, was confirmed by dynamical orbital analysis.
Probing the Morphology of Polarized Emission Induced by Fluctuation Dynamo Using Minkowski Functionals
Authors: Dutta Riju , Sur Sharanya , Basu Aritra
Published: November 2024

The morphology and the characteristic scale of polarized structures provide crucial insights into the mechanisms that drive turbulence and maintain magnetic fields in magneto-ionic plasma. We aim to establish the efficacy of Minkowski functionals as quantitative statistical probes of filamentary morphology of polarized synchrotron emission resulting from fluctuation dynamo action. Using synthetic observations generated from magnetohydrodynamic simulations of fluctuation dynamos with varying driving scales (ℓ
f) of turbulence in isothermal, incompressible, and subsonic media, we study the relation between different morphological measures and their connection to fractional polarization (p
f). We find that Faraday depolarization at low frequencies gives rise to small-scale polarized structures that have higher filamentarity as compared to the intrinsic structures that are comparable to ℓ
f. Above ∼3 GHz, the number of connected polarized structures per unit area (N
CC,peak) is related to the mean p
f (〈p
f〉) of the emitting region as

〈

p

f

〉
∝

N

CC
,
peak

−
1

/

4

, provided the scale of the detectable emitting region is larger than ℓ
f. This implies that N
CC,peak represents the number of turbulent cells projected on the plane of the sky and can be directly used to infer ℓ
f via the relation

ℓ

f

∝

N

CC
,
peak

−
1

/

2

. An estimate of ℓ
f thus directly allows for pinning down the turbulence-driving mechanism in astrophysical systems. While the simulated conditions are mostly prevalent in the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters, the qualitative morphological features are also applicable in the context of interstellar medium in galaxies.
Determination of the Abundance of Mercury from the Hg ii Line at 5677.10 Å in Late B-type Stars. X. HD 221507 (β Scl)
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: November 2024

The weak line of Hg ii located at 5677.10 Å is clearly detected as a 3% absorption feature in a FEROS and a UVES spectrum of the HgMn star HD 221507. In both spectra, the line has a filled-in core which might suggest stratification or weak emission. The synthesis of this Hg ii feature yields a mercury excess, about +5.70 dex, for the FEROS spectrum which is about half of the +6.00 dex excess derived from the Hg ii line at 3983.93 Å. In the UVES spectrum, the 5677.10 Å feature needs a larger excess of about +6.00 dex compatible with that derived from the 3983.93 Å line. A monitoring of the 5677.10 Å line should be carried out to address the variability of this line over the rotational period. No emission lines could be found in the red part of the spectra.
The review of the genus Coccinella (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Azad Rashid , Jin Xu , Hassan Muhammad Asghar , Abbas Munawar , Nasir Muhammad , Bodlah Imran , Ali Muhammad , Szawaryn Karol , Nie Rui-E
Published: November 2024

The genus Coccinella is reviewed with seven species found in Pakistan: C. luteopicta (Mulsant, 1866), C. marussii Kapur, 1973, C. iranica Dobzhansky, 1926, C. transversalis Fabricius, 1781, C. septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758, C. transversoguttata transversoguttata Faldermann, 1835 and C. undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758. Information on prey, host plants, distribution and an identification key for Coccinella species in Pakistan is provided. Additionally, newly-sequenced partial COI (cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit I) for C. luteopicta and C. marussii were used to determine their phylogenetic positions within the genus Coccinella.

This study comprehensively reviews the genus Coccinella in Pakistan and highlights Coccinella luteopicta as a new country record. Morphological features of adults, including male genital characters and an identification key to known species in Pakistan are presented. Records of prey, host plants and distributions for all identified species are included. The new data (COI-barcode) shows that C. luteopicta (Mulsant, 1866) was recorded first in Pakistan.
Ritualistic hunts: exploring the motivations and conservation implications in West Bengal, India
Authors: D'Cruze Neil , Elwin Angie , Ghosh Shubhobroto , Asfaw Alexander E. , Coulthard Emma , Megson David , Norrey John , Giri Sangita , Mishra Vasudha , Adhya Tiasa , Chatterjee Suvrajyoti , Banerjee Meghna , Banerjee Aditya , Harrington Lauren
Published: November 2024

Ritualistic hunts are illegal, large, organised cultural events which are a prevalent concern in West Bengal from both an animal welfare and conservation perspective. We carried out a socio-economic survey with 112 individuals in the districts of Jhargram and West Medinipur to better understand the characteristics of these hunts, the species impacted, and the drivers and motivations of the communities that engage in these types of illegal activity. Specifically, we asked which wild animals were most desirable, which were most profitable, what derivatives from hunted animals were used for, and which wild animals were perceived to have increased most in rarity. We found that these events involve both indiscriminate and targeted killing of a wide variety of wildlife, including at least 93 inferred species (seven of which are categorised on the IUCN Red List as threatened (i.e. either Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered); in 34 the population trend has been categorised as declining, and 25 are listed on Schedule I of India’s Wildlife Protection Act). We found that wild meat/food was the most frequently stated personal use of hunted wildlife in addition to belief-based use, traditional medicine, and decorative use. Engagement in the onward commercial sale of wildlife was also reported by more than a third of hunters. However, personal enjoyment was identified by most hunters as their main motivation for taking part in ritualistic hunts. Despite widespread engagement in ritualistic hunting, we found that the majority of hunters also expressed a willingness to engage in legal non-consumptive alternatives if they were made available. As such, we recommend that in addition to effective law enforcement, further research to identify viable non-consumptive alternatives and inform associated human behaviour change initiatives could help deliver a positive transformation for both wildlife and people in West Bengal.
Speaking on one’s own terms: oracy and orality as partners in classroom talk
Authors: Knight Rupert
Published: November 2024

Spoken language in schools, now often branded as oracy, is seeing something of a resurgence of interest. This is well-founded and to be welcomed. Nevertheless, the policy-level coopting of oracy, as a concept open to various interpretations, raises questions concerning the desirable
degree of prescription and conformity to be promoted in pupils??? spoken language. Though often encompassing talk as pedagogy, oracy is strongly associated with developing the skills of spoken language. Such skills rest on a number of assumptions and norms around participation in talk that
merit examination. This article explores common classroom orthodoxies in terms of who speaks, when they may speak and how they must speak. As a way of examining these orthodoxies, the article proposes a greater acknowledgement of orality alongside, and as a precursor to, oracy. Using an illustration
from a real lesson, it argues that raising the profile of orality is a reminder of the importance of understanding and appreciating specific and diverse oral traditions before bringing to bear the generalities and possible standardisation of oracy.
Inhalation allergen sensitization patterns in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Lin Jianmin , Li Yan , Zhu Min , Lin Minchuan , Li Chenxi
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the differences in sensitization status and patterns of inhaled allergens in children with allergic rhinitis, cough allergic asthma, and bronchial asthma, to avoid allergens, and to explore the relationship between the sensitization status and patterns of inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Method

A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 1028 children with allergic rhinitis and asthma who underwent allergen specific IgE antibody testing at Xiamen University Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital from 2022 to 2024. Based on basic medical information and clinical results, they were divided into allergic rhinitis group, cough allergic asthma group, and bronchial asthma group.

Results

The most common inhaled allergen detected in this study was house dust mite, followed by house dust and mold. The positive frequency of most inhaled allergens in the bronchial asthma group was much higher than that in the cough allergic asthma group. The allergic rhinitis group had a higher frequency of sensitization to a single inhaled allergen, while the bronchial asthma group had a higher frequency of sensitization to quadruple sensitization. For single inhaled allergens, the bronchial asthma group had a higher frequency of strong positive sensitization. Patients with allergic rhinitis who were sensitive to house dust had a 2.763-fold increased risk of developing bronchial asthma. Patients with cough allergic asthma who were sensitive to house dust mites, cat hair, or house dust had a 3-fold increased risk of developing bronchial asthma. Multiple sensitization increases the likelihood of cough allergic asthma transforming into bronchial asthma.

Conclusion

The most common allergens detected in this study were house dust mites, house dust, and mold. Children with bronchial asthma were associated with sensitization to most inhaled allergens, especially strong positive sensitization and multiple sensitization.
How Virtual Reality Impacts Science Learning? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dhanil Muhammad , Mufit Fatni
Published: November 2024

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has gained popularity in aiding science education. There are variations in the results reported by the researchers on the effect of VR on student learning outcomes. This study aims to map the results of studies using VR on student science learning outcomes through meta-analysis. In addition, studies were also analyzed on the effects of years of publication, education levels, learning subjects, continents, immersive levels, and time of use of VR. There are 24 articles from international journals that deserve to be analyzed in the 2014–2023 period. The data were analyzed using Excel and JASP applications by presenting results in size effect values, forest plots, and published bias tests. The analysis showed that VR science learning improved learning outcomes compared to conventional learning. Analysis of moderator variables showed no significant effect at the level of education and time of use of VR. However, in education, the year of publication, the continent, and the immersive level showed a significant influence. These findings confirm that VR is an efficient technology that improves students’ science learning outcomes. In further research, other researchers can investigate VR related to the teacher’s role as a tutor or instructor, pedagogical approaches in VR, types of VR devices, and students’ technological skills in using virtual reality.
Vocational Education in the Era of Big Data: Course Design and Optimization Strategy Based on Educational Technology
Authors: Wang Yunan , Feng Liang
Published: November 2024

In the era of big data, vocational education is confronted with the challenge of effectively utilizing students’ learning behavior data. With the advancement of information technology, the accumulation of students’ learning trajectories and behavior data presents new opportunities for the optimization of education and teaching. Currently, many studies focus on the analysis of short-term learning behaviors, while comprehensive consideration of both long- and short-term behaviors remains insufficient, limiting the precision of course design and resource recommendations. Therefore, the exploration of an optimization strategy that integrates students’ long- and short-term learning behaviors is urgently needed to enhance the effectiveness of vocational education. This study aims to propose a course design and optimization strategy based on educational technology, with a focus on integrating students’ long- and short-term learning behaviors, thereby presenting corresponding resource recommendation methods and course design plans. The study will provide more personalized and precise teaching solutions for vocational education, promoting the enhancement of educational quality.
Recels et passerelles littéraires. Circulations de contes créoles entre la Martinique et l’Hexagone
Authors: Brégeas Soraya de
Published: November 2024

Au sein de l’espace (post)colonial francophone, les oralités autochtones ont souvent été placées au cœur d’entreprises d’affirmation culturelle et politique, dans une optique de décolonisation littéraire. En Martinique, de tels projets ont cependant pu susciter un sentiment de dépossession chez les conteurs locaux. Les écrivains de la créolité, comme Raphaël Confiant ou Patrick Chamoiseau, se sont en effet souvent dispensés de mentionner les noms des conteurs dont ils reprenaient les créations ou de solliciter leur autorisation préalable. Écrit à partir d’entretiens avec les conteurs, cet article, qui vise à leur rendre leur « part d’auteur », montre la nécessité de les citer lorsque l’oralité entre dans le régime de la propriété intellectuelle. Dans ce contexte, la figure littéraire du traducteur peut constituer une ressource pour repenser l’auctorialité en situation (post)coloniale.
Faux, usages de faux et « vol de voix ». Circulations du Walam Olum
Authors: Devevey Éléonore
Published: November 2024

En 1988, Florence Delay et Jacques Roubaud publient Partition rouge, sous-titré Poèmes et chants des Indiens d’Amérique du Nord. Le « texte » qui donne son titre à ce volume est un manuscrit attribué aux Lenapes, connu sous le nom de Walam Olum (ou Red Score), qui retrace la genèse et les migrations de ce peuple algonquin, et rend compte de son point de vue sur l’arrivée des colons blancs. Édité et traduit à plusieurs reprises au cours des xixe et xxe siècles, le Walam Olum a cependant été reconnu comme faux dans les années 1990 – ce qui ne l’a pas empêché de poursuivre sa vie éditoriale. Comment comprendre une telle persistance ? Plus généralement, que faire des multiples cas de faux qui jalonnent l’histoire de la littérarisation des traditions orales ? Un tel « vol de voix » permet de mesurer la montée en puissance de l’exigence, inséparablement épistémologique et politique, de revalorisation de l’expertise autochtone.
De l’absence de condamnation et de disculpation malgré la profusion de récits alimentant les investigations sorcellaires en pays éwé au Togo
Authors: Desq Coline
Published: November 2024

Décembre 2017. À Hanyigba-Todzi, un village du
sud-ouest du Togo en pays éwé, une femme avoue publiquement avoir
proféré des malédictions qui auraient causé plusieurs décès. Certains la
soupçonnent d’être une sorcière, d’autres la pensent folle et innocente.
Les ragots vont bon train mais, malgré la profusion de récits que génère
cette affaire, la femme ne sera ni disculpée ni condamnée. Différents
facteurs l’expliquent, tels que la pentecôtisation de la société,
l’affaiblissement du pouvoir de la chefferie, chargée de juger les
personnes accusées de sorcellerie, mais également des stratégies
individuelles : certains ont intérêt à l’accuser ou à l’innocenter alors
que d’autres préfèrent éviter de se prononcer pour se protéger.
L’histoire au miroir de l’indépendantisme antillais. En mémoire de Jean-Pierre Sainton
Authors: Bonniol Jean-Luc
Published: November 2024

Au fil de souvenirs personnels est retracé l’itinéraire
intellectuel de l’historien guadeloupéen Jean-Pierre Sainton,
prématurément disparu à l’été 2023, itinéraire marqué par une
articulation complexe entre sa militance nationaliste guadeloupéenne et
son respect des exigences, tant scientifiques qu’éthiques, du métier
d’historien. On remonte pour comprendre l’émergence de sa pensée à
l’engagement indépendantiste de son père, l’un des fondateurs du GONG
(Groupement des organisations nationalistes de la Guadeloupe), qui fut
l’un des principaux accusés lors du procès qui suivit les émeutes de la
Guadeloupe en 1967 (Jean-Pierre Sainton est alors âgé de 12 ans),
marquées par une féroce répression. On suit ensuite sa formation
universitaire, d’abord à Pointe-à-Pitre puis à Paris, et les débuts de
sa vie militante. Puis on envisage son éloignement progressif de
l’indépendantisme et sa conversion à la rigueur et aux exigences du
métier d’historien dans les années 1990, alors qu’il intègre finalement
l’Université des Antilles à la fin de la décennie. Son parcours dès lors
concilie une fidélité à son identité guadeloupéenne et une approche
véritablement historienne, se voulant fondée sur une grande rigueur
critique, démarche exemplaire qui lui a permis de développer une
histoire qu’il voulait « compréhensive ». Place doit lui être reconnue
parmi les plus éminents historiens des Antilles.
Restructuring Education Policy and Practices
Authors: Areba George Ngwacho , Nyakundi Eliud
Published: November 2024

Implications of pandemics such as COVID-19 have had varied impacts on the core fundamentals of humanity. In specific, the effect has laid bare the inadequacies of both practices and policy in education. Many of the world's education policies' frameworks particularly the sub-Saharan Africa have been disparaged as insufficient to mitigate the novel escalating crises. Thus, extensive education policy review is crucial to give impetus to efforts made in recent policy initiatives such as the hundred percent student transition policy in almost all levels of education. This being a theoretical review, largely secondary data was utilized. Current methodical and meta-analysis of literature assessments were utilized for cross-validating the reviewed outcomes. This study established that there is a need to supplement efforts and synergies geared towards restructuring education policy frameworks to mitigate the 21st-century education challenges. Significantly, the findings will strengthen higher education capacity in handling new unique 21st-century crises and pandemics.
The Role of Institutional Research (IR) in Informing Higher Education Governance Practices in East Africa
Authors: Eryenyu Charles , Atibuni Dennis Zami
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the role of institutional research (IR) in higher education governance in East Africa (EA). It aims to provide insights into data-driven practices for informed decision-making within academic institutions and national higher education systems. The chapter serves three distinct purposes: (a) to offer perspectives on the future paths and prospects for research-driven policies and practices in East African higher education space; (b) to suggest methods for reinforcing IR roles and improving governance practices within the EA higher education sector; and (c) to serve as a wakeup call to East African higher education institutions (HEIs) to embrace the concept of IR, adapt its practices, recognise it as a management strategy for good governance, and make provisions for practicing it. The discussions in the chapter comprehensively examine how institutional research can contribute to evidence-based policy and governance practices in higher education in the East African context and recommend a framework for implementing IR in the East African region.
Bridge Crack Recognition Method Based on Yolov5 Neural Network Fused With Attention Mechanism
Authors: Wu Yingjun , Shi Junfeng , Ma Wenxue , Liu Bin
Published: November 2024

To solve the problem of low detection accuracy of deep learning targets for crack detection in complex backgrounds, The objective of this study is to propose a fusion (CBAM) attention mechanism to enhance the YOLOv5 model for high-precision bridge crack recognition. At the same time, a consistent bridge crack dataset covering different lighting conditions and humidity environments is constructed. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, it was compared and analyzed with current mainstream deep learning models (e.g., CNN, VGG19,etc.).The experimental results indicate that incorporating the CBAM attention mechanism, the proposed model was improved by 5.6% in precision, 1.2% in recall, and 13% in optimization of the integrated discrimination parameters compared to the original YOLOv5 model. In addition, in terms of width detection. The experimental results indicate that the model can reach 0.01 mm in measurement accuracy, The research contributes to the efficiency, precision and intelligence of concrete bridge crack detection.
A TUBERCULOSE EM FRONTEIRAS: IDENTIFICANDO ÁREAS DE RISCO PARA INFECÇÃO
Authors: Mangini Cicchelero Laiz , Cezar Wagner Leandro Gustavo , De Souza Brianezi Larissa , Moran Bombonato Lorena , Augusto Furtado Diniz Fabio , Xavier Rosa Thaniery , Azevedo do Nascimento Daniel , De Andrade Luciano , Fressatti Cardoso Rosilene , Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli Katiany , Bertin de Lima Scodro Regiane
Published: November 2024

As estratégias para a eliminação da tuberculose ainda enfrentam diversos desafios como os determinantes sociais em saúde, migrações, integração de políticas públicas de saúde, diagnósticos e acesso ao tratamento adequado e em tempo oportuno. Este estudo objetivou identificar agrupamentos espaciais de risco para adoecimento por TB nas áreas fronteiriças entre o Brasil (estados do Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul), Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai no período de 2019 a 2022. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de varredura espacial para detectar agrupamentos de alto e baixo risco para casos de TB em 43 regiões de saúde do Brasil (BR), pertencentes aos estados do Mato Grosso do Sul (n=4), de Santa Catarina (n=17), do Paraná (n=22) e do Rio Grande do Sul (n=30), 18 departamentos do Paraguai, 23 províncias e uma cidade autônoma da Argentina e 19 departamentos do Uruguai, no período. Nas regiões e período estudados, foram registrados 114.101 casos de TB e localizados 20 clusters, dos quais, 9 de alto risco. Destacaram-se 3 agrupamentos em regiões de fronteiras internacionais localizados entre do estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul e de departamentos do Uruguai, e entre o Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil), departamentos do Paraguai e província Argentina. É fundamental identificar áreas prioritárias para intervenções e monitoramento da doença, com pactuações entre os territórios, a fim de interromper a cadeia de transmissão.
ABSORÇÃO, DISTRIBUIÇÃO, METABOLISMO, EXCREÇÃO E TOXICIDADE DE DIMETHYL TRISULFIDE POR MODELO in silico
Authors: Cássia Montaholi Débora , Eduardo Meneguello Jean , Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli Katiany , Bertin de Lima Scodro Regiane , Fressatti Cardoso Rosilene
Published: November 2024

A resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos é uma preocupação no combate à tuberculose. O desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antimicrobianos ou a utilização de outros fármacos que aprimorem a atividade de um antimicrobiano de maneira sinérgica representa uma melhoria no atual esquema terapêutico da tuberculose. As análises das características físico-químicas, farmacodinâmicas e farmacocinéticas dessas moléculas candidatas a fármacos, por modelagens in sílico, permitem virtualmente antecipar alguns comportamentos de tais moléculas. Essas ferramentas contribuem para análises importantes como biodisponibilidade oral, absorção gastrointestinal, passagem pela barreira hematoencefálica e ações deletérias como potencial tumorigênico e irritante. Dimethyl trisulfide (DT) é uma das moléculas majoritárias que compõem uma das frações dos óleos essenciais de Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng) Harms, uma planta nativa do território brasileiro, com comprovada atividade in vitro contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar in silico as propriedades físico-químicas e farmacocinéticas da molécula dimethyl trisulfide. Para tal, foram utilizados os softwares Swiss ADME, Molinspiration Cheminformatics e Osiris Property Explorer. A molécula dimethyl trisulfide apresentou conformidade com as regras de Lipinski, além de alta absorção gastrointestinal, passagem pela barreira hematoencefálica. Ademais, não possui efeitos irritantes e não afeta o processo reprodutivo, porém pode causar efeitos mutagênicos e tumorigênicos.
ANÁLISE DA PREVALÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO EM IDOSOS: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL DO ELSI-BRASIL
Authors: Azevedo do Nascimento Daniel , Cezar Wagner Leandro Gustavo , Augusto Furtado Diniz Fabio , Lele Rossoni Stéfane , Xavier Rosa Thaniery , Mangini Cicchelero Laiz , De Andrade Luciano
Published: November 2024

A depressão é reconhecidamente um problema de saúde incapacitante que prejudica prognósticos e, consequentemente, tem apresentado um crescimento global alarmante, afetando os idosos em uma proporção preocupante visto ser a população que mais cresce em vários países no mundo, inclusive no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a prevalência de depressão em idosos a partir do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde de  Idosos Brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, epidemiológico de análise de dados obtidos do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde de Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI – BRASIL), o qual foi conduzido em amostra nacional de 9.412 participantes, realizado entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados por meio da Escala de Depressão do Centro para Estudos Epidemiológicos (CES-D8) de oito itens. A prevalência de sintomas depressivos, conforme medida pela CES-D8, foi de 48,7% (n= 4525). A média de idade foi de 62,9 anos e a depressão predominou em mulheres, 54% (n=2.871). Idosos com dificuldades de mobilidade totalizam 2.633 indivíduos, dos quais 58,8% apresentaram sintomas. Desta forma, a presença de problemas de mobilidade está associada a um aumento de 2,05 vezes na probabilidade de sintomas depressivos nessa população (IC 95%: 1,846 a 2,273; p < 0,001). Assim como residir na região Norte e Nordeste do país aumentaram as chances de ter sintomas depressivos, em comparação a outras regiões. A análise deste estudo apontou número elevado de sintomas depressivos em idosos e, maiores chances de sintomas em caso de problemas de mobilidade, ser do sexo feminino, morar sozinho, viver na zona urbana, assim como na região norte e nordeste do Brasil. Os achados apontam a necessidade de continuidade de estudo e estratégias para essa população, que cada vez mais tem aumentado.
POTENCIAL ANTIFÚNGICO DE PRODUTOS UTILIZADOS NO CAMPO DA ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: Borges Silva Tatiana , Karine Marcomini Emilli , Tymniak Pamela , Negri Melyssa
Published: November 2024

Fungos, podem causar infecções na cavidade bucal, favorecidas pelo desequilíbrio na microbiota oral e pelo uso de materiais odontológicos que podem favorecer a formação de biofilme. Antifúngicos empregados no tratamento dessas infecções têm tido baixa eficácia frente algumas espécies fúngicas. Assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar e avaliar o potencial antifúngico de produtos utilizados na odontologia para o tratamento de infecções fúngicas orais. Para isso, uma revisão da literatura foi realizada a partir da busca de artigos científicos nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed Central (PMC), Scopus e CAPES Periódicos. Foram selecionados 16 artigos, que avaliaram 19 produtos distribuídos entre naturais e químicos frente a leveduras, avaliando a ação tanto em células planctônicas como em biofilme, tendo como objetivo principal reduzir a adesão dos fungos na cavidade bucal. Os produtos possuem potencial antifúngico frente às leveduras de interesse apresentando resultados promissores na inibição de crescimento, interferência na célula fúngica e metabolismo, podendo ser opções terapêuticas para o tratamento de infecções orais ocasionadas por fungos.
ANÁLISE DE HÁBITOS DE VIDA E PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS DE SAÚDE EM VOLUNTÁRIOS DO PROGRAMA DE MEDITAÇÃO TRANSCENDENTAL DA UEM: UM ESTUDO PRELIMINAR
Authors: Rocha Oliveira Wanderson , Germano de Oliveira Nayara , Bergamasco Vettor Heloisa , Schimmack Redondo Lucas , Nascimento Pereira Zampieri Thaís , Marta Franzói de Moraes Solange
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar relações entre os hábitos de vida e os parâmetros bioquímicos de saúde de voluntários do grupo de meditação transcendental da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Foi realizado um estudo observacional de corte transversal, de amostragem por conveniência, aprovada pelo COPEP sob o número CAAE 77175724.7.0000.0104. Realizada análise do padrão de sono, análise corporal por bioimpedância, e bioquímica, análises descritivas simples e de regressão linear múltipla, considerando o p-Valor menor ou igual 0,05 para significância, com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. A população foi composta por 63 indivíduos adultos, de idade média de 38 anos, 60,31% masculino e 39,68% feminino. A análise apontou que 88,88% dos participantes possuem bom padrão de sono, 49,20% possuem IMC classificado como sobrepeso ou obesidade, 50,79% utilizam medicamentos, e 82,53% possuem alteração com níveis de HDL. Há maior ocorrência de sobrepeso ou obesidade entre os que possuem níveis médio e alto de estresse referido, de acordo com a literatura científica, havendo associação entre estresse percebido e sobrepeso/obesidade. Os indivíduos que apresentam níveis de estresse médio ou alto representam um número maior quanto ao uso de bebida alcoólica. Os estudos apresentam a relação do uso de álcool e tabaco e o estresse percebido, sendo muitas vezes utilizado como mecanismo para reduzi-lo. Há relação significativa entre o uso de bebida alcoólica, índice de massa corporal e aumento de triglicerídeos (p-Valor 0,01; 0,03), e relação estatisticamente significativa para o hábito de fumar e redução dos níveis de HDL (p-Valor=0,05), corroborando com a literatura publicada. Foi observado uma mudança no perfil de uso de álcool e tabaco pelos indivíduos, sendo necessário investigações pela comunidade acadêmica e governamental para novas propostas de intervenções que visem a redução do risco de danos à saúde.
TENDÊNCIAS DA MORTALIDADE FEMININA POR CÂNCER COLORRETAL NA ARGENTINA E NO CHILE
Authors: Darman Fatima , Darman Amanullah , Medeiros Gurgel Ana Cristina , Brandao Felipe , Pujlas Constanza , De Barros Carvalho Maria Dalva , Bocchi Pedroso Raíssa , Pelloso Sandra Marisa
Published: November 2024

O câncer colorretal (CCR) é uma das neoplasias mais prevalentes no mundo, a terceira causa mais comum em diagnóstico e a segunda principal causa de mortes. Estima-se que, a cada ano, pelo menos quatro milhões de pessoas sejam diagnosticadas com CCR no mundo. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a tendência da mortalidade por CCR em mulheres residentes no Chile e na Argentina. Foi realizado um estudo de ecológico, de séries temporais da mortalidade por câncer colorretal em mulheres residentes na Argentina e no Chile. Os dados de óbitos são referentes ao período de 2010 a 2021 e foram obtidos no (WHO Mortality Database, IARC, Global Cancer Observatory). De acordo com a regressão joinpoint, a Argentina e o Chile apresentaram tendências diferentes. O aumento na mortalidade está associado aos fatores de risco provavelmente os alimentares. Na Argentina, o padrão alimentar tradicional é caracterizado pelo alto consumo de proteína e gordura animal. E no Chile existe uma alta prevalência de fatores de risco relacionados ao CCR, como obesidade, tabagismo e consumo de álcool. Por meio dessa análise, buscamos destacar as disparidades nos resultados de CCR e a necessidade de intervenções direcionadas à saúde pública nesses países.
Coleta de citologia oncótica entre estudantes universitárias e a adesão periódica ao exame
Authors: Pavan Michele de Paula , Miranda Joisy Aparecida Marchi de , Ferreira Diego Raone , Martins Debora Cristina
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: analisar a importância e motivos que levaram as estudantes a realizar a coleta de citologia oncótica dentro do espaço universitário e identificar se houve adesão periódica ao exame. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, realizada em agosto de 2022, mediante aplicação de questionário eletrônico, junto a uma amostra por conveniência constituída por estudantes e egressas participantes de um projeto de promoção e educação em saúde de uma universidade pública federal do Estado do Paraná. As análises foram feitas por estatísticas descritivas para sumarizar e descrever os dados. Resultados: Observou-se que as participantes tinham média de 26 anos de idade; 38,03% das participantes fizeram a primeira coleta do exame por meio do projeto na universidade; 94,37% se sentiram motivadas continuar a coletar o exame periodicamente; e 66,20% referiram já ter realizado o exame posteriormente; 77,46% responderam ser importante realizar o exame em espaço universitário, pois, além do autocuidado, incentivam outras mulheres a realizar o exame. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a coleta de citologia oncótica em estudantes universitárias estimula a promoção da saúde das mulheres, trazendo conhecimentos sobre a importância para a detecção precoce do câncer do colo de útero e necessidade de adesão periódica ao exame.
Relações familiares e adolescer em contexto emocional adverso da pandemia por covid-19
Authors: Alem Filho Fabio , Oliveira Silveira Aline , Aparecida Bonelli Maria , Moreira-Dias Patrícia Luciana , Rosa Batista Oliveira Lilia , Wernet Monika
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: elucidar significados e comportamentos de pais no suporte ao adolescer na pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo apoiado no Interacionismo Simbólico e na Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática. Adotou-se a entrevista semiestruturada junto a 10 mulheres mães de adolescentes entre 12 e 15 anos de idade, localizados a partir da estratégia bola de neve. A coleta de dados foi desenvolvida majoritariamente no ano de 2021. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética. Resultados: As mulheres revelaram relações fragilizadas com o adolescente, com dificuldades para dialogar abertamente com eles sobre preocupações frente a comportamentos observados, sobretudo aqueles sugestivos de sofrimento psíquico ou considerados inadequados. Isto deveu-se ao entendimento de estarem eles a enfrentar mudanças sobrepostas, as da adolescência e aquelas impostas pelo isolamento social. Denunciaram escassa participação paterna no estabelecimento do cuidado do adolescente. Considerações finais: A família está compreendida enquanto núcleo de suporte ao adolescente, mas sentiu-se pouco empoderada e preparada para esta ação, aspecto que evidencia a premência de acolhimento da família por profissionais na direção de ampliar acolhimento de adolescências.
Percepções dos profissionais no atendimento da covid-19 em uma unidade de pronto atendimento
Authors: Faria Mayara Fálico Faria , Henrique-Sanches Barbara Casarin , Soares Adson Hugo Gonçalves Soares , Mazzo Alessandra
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de profissionais que atuaram na linha de frente em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento durante diferentes períodos de enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com profissionais que atuaram em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Foi utilizado instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica da amostra e com três questões norteadoras para descrição das percepções sobre o período de 2020 a 2022. Para o exame dos dados, foram realizadas análise de conteúdo e análise de similitude com apoio do software Iramuteq®, norteadas pela diretriz Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Resultados: as percepções dos profissionais indicaram sentimentos negativos, alertando para a deterioração da saúde mental. Quanto aos aspectos positivos, foram observadas a relevância do trabalho em equipe e a transformação cultural no nível pessoal e organizacional. Conclusão: a análise das percepções dos profissionais indicou sentimentos que apontaram para a necessidade de implantação de ações de educação permanente. Também alertou sobre a deterioração da saúde mental dos profissionais, com repercussões crônicas que requerem atenção e investimento em saúde do trabalhador adequados e de longo prazo.
Experiências das pessoas trans acerca do acolhimento na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Silva Raquel de Jesus Rocha da , Sousa Jonathan Pereira de , O Adriano Anna Kalyne César Grangeir , Barbalho Isabela Lunara Alves , Silva Cicera Renata Diniz Vieira , Fernandes Petra Kelly Rabelo de Sousa , Fernandes Marcelo Costa
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: identificar as experiências das pessoas trans acerca do acolhimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: trata-se de pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa realizada com oito pessoas trans, em 2020, em um município do alto sertão paraibano, estado do nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram organizados e analisados por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: percebeu-se que durante o processo de acolhimento vivenciado pelas pessoas trans nesse cenário de atenção foi, por vezes, marcada por sentimentos negativos, reforçados pelo desrespeito ao nome social. Observou-se ainda a transfobia enquanto estrutura nos serviços de saúde e o despreparo dos profissionais para lidarem com as demandas dessa diversidade de identidade de gênero (pessoas trans). Conclusão: o acolhimento vivenciado pelas pessoas trans na Atenção Primária à Saúde foi permeado por diversas barreiras e fatores que podem impulsionar sua evasão dos serviços de saúde. Ainda que tenham sido diversos os direitos conquistados nas décadas de reivindicações pelos movimentos sociais, o caminho em direção ao acolhimento sensível precisa passar por reformulações.
Workplace-based assessment in South African postgraduate medical training: A baseline survey
Authors: Ras Tasleem , Daitz Emma , Jenkins Louis S. , Janse van Rensburg Jacques , Muller Madeleine , Singaram Veena , Cooke Richard , Adam Sumaiya , Mawela Dini , Botha Gerda , Mamashela Thakadu , Harris Tashneem , Buch Eric , Green-Thompson Lionel , Burch Vanessa
Published: November 2024

Background: In line with international best practices, the South African Committee of Medical Deans, supported by the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa, has called for institutions educating medical specialists to start integrating workplace-based assessment (WBA) in 2025. Workplace-based assessment requires that clinical supervisors observe trainees in the real world of clinical practice, provide feedback and foster reflective practice, while foregrounding patient safety. Despite a large literature on WBA in the global north and an emerging literature in South Africa, a framework for WBA implementation, grounded in South African realities, does not exist. The study aimed to determine current WBA-related knowledge and practices among registrar educators.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study, using an online 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, explored current knowledge and practices of WBA-related activities. The questionnaire variables were categorical, and the data were analysed descriptively. Frequencies, proportions and appropriate graphics were used to present the data.Results: The key findings relate to relatively high levels of knowledge of what constitutes WBA (82.5% agreed that they had knowledge of WBA), juxtaposed against large variability in the levels of implementation of WBA practices.Conclusion: The study surveyed postgraduate supervisors in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) context regarding their understanding and current practices of WBA. Self-reported knowledge levels were high while practices were variableContribution: The study provides insights into areas to focus on, with the future development and implementation of a comprehensive WBA strategy in South Africa.
The 'heart lift' patient
Authors: Ellis Chris
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
Ethics in health care: Confidentiality and information technologies
Authors: Knapp van Bogaert D. , Ogunbanjo G.A.
Published: November 2024

Before the advent of the new communication and information technologies (NCITs), patient care was sometimes delayed because of the lengthy time it took to transmit patient information from a doctor in one location to a colleague in another. NCITs bring many advances to medicine, including to the area of communication. With a simple click, rural doctors can access their patients’ laboratory test results, transmit images immediately, and receive feedback from a number of specialists working far away in teaching hospital centres. Doctors have a general obligation to preserve patient confidentiality, which includes keeping patients’ information confidential. Medical confidentiality remains a vital part of ethical professional practice and it is likely that it will remain so. However, data transfer in this age of NCITs presents new ethical challenges in maintaining patient confidentiality.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 molecular results from the first two COVID-19 waves in Gauteng
Authors: Govender Kreshalen , Mafuyeka Rendani T. , Lukhwareni Azwidowi , Meyer Pieter
Published: November 2024

Background: Laboratory-based molecular assays return cycle threshold (Ct) values for each gene target. There is limited hyperlocal information describing the Ct, age and sex trends during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) waves in South Africa.Objectives: To analyse the demographic and Ct value trends of SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays from two South African hospitals.Method: The Seegene Allplex 2019-nCoV™ results from the first two waves (June–July 2020 and November 2020–January 2021) from two major hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa, were extracted from the laboratory information system. Demographic variables and Ct values were analysed.Results: Overall, 2391 samples were analysed over two waves. In both waves, more women were tested than men; 68.4% versus 31.2% in the first wave and 59.8% versus 39.7% in the second wave. Differences in Ct values among the age groups were non-significant overall; however, most median Ct values in all age groups were 30. Men had lower median Ct values in the first wave, but this trend reversed in the second wave (p  0.001). The first wave had significantly lower mean and median Ct values per gene target (p  0.001).Conclusion: Patients tested in the first wave had lower Ct values. All age groups in both waves demonstrated infectivity potential; the demographic analysis agreed with South Africa’s coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiological trends in both waves.Contribution: Granular insight into the basic demographic variables and Ct trends of SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results within and between SARS-CoV-2 waves in South Africa.
Just housing: Constructing a theological praxis-agenda in a (South) African city
Authors: De Beer Stephan F.
Published: November 2024

Against the backdrop of Africa’s urban revolution and the vastly unequal housing patterns in most African cities, this article argues for just housing to be a theological praxis-agenda. Drawing from a very local journey in one South African city, it considers David Korten’s four generations of development as a possible framework to guide such a theological praxis-agenda in (South) African cities.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: It proposes simultaneous actions of relief, development, advocacy and global solidarity, grounded in an immersed faith, if the church is to contribute to housing justice in African cities.